acute kidney injury is a sudden decrease in kidney function with or without kidney damage , occurring over a few hours or days.
diabetes , hypertension , and advanced age are primary risk factors for acute kidney injury.
it is increasingly recognized as an in-hospital complication of sepsis , heart conditions , and surgery ( @number@ ) .
its most severe stage requires treatment with dialysis.
cataract is a total or partial clouding of the lens of the eye.
it can be congenital or acquired.
cataract associated with the aging process ( senile ) is the most common type.
common symptoms include visual impairment which varies based on the type and the density of lens opacity.
cataracts etiology is varied and treatment is based on surgery.
in patients with morgagnian cataract cortex liquefies and lens core hardens and becomes cloudy.
the patient underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation within the capsular bag.
post-operative suites were simple.
their proposal suggests that cognitive load differentially affects cognitive abilities in older adults.
these results support the proposal by brcur and madden ( @number@ ) and suggest that the degree of cognitive load affects age-related cognitive decline.
there have no universally accepted criteria and have been established for classification of underactive bladder ( uab ) at present.
it was due to the type of rehabilitation hospital , so higher percentage of neurological patients were included.
the demographics , clinical characteristics , and urodynamic recordings were reviewed.
there were a number of cases ( @percent@ [ 22 / 1726 ] ) which had > 2 factors assigned.
based on urodynamic findings and symptoms , uab can be classified into @number@ types ( du , acd , and dhic ) .
the classification of uab can provide a reasonable basis for the future research.
fractional laser is effective on skin wrinkles and textural irregularities , but can induce postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) , especially in asians.
both treatment protocols produced similar effects in relation to the improvement of photoaging-induced pigmentation.
the combined therapy did not impair epidermal barrier function.
no postoperative infection , hypopigmentation , or scarring occurred after ipl and afl treatments.
distal radius fractures are one of the most commonly treated fractures in the united states.
the highest rates are seen among the elderly , second only to hip fractures.
with the increasing aging population these numbers are projected to continue to increase.
distal radius fractures include a spectrum of injury patterns encountered by general practitioners and orthopedists alike.
population aging is associated with increasing numbers of geriatric trauma patients , and various studies have evaluated their short-term outcomes , assessment , and treatment.
however , there is insufficient information regarding their long-term outcomes.
after excluding individuals with missing data , @number@ cases were included in the analyses.
the average age was @number@ years , and most individuals were women ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) .
there were @number@ patients had been hospitalized because of trauma.
measurements of variation are of great importance for studying the stability of pathological phenomena and processes.
pursuant to that concept , the evolution of a hypothetical , genome-based aging program called phenoptosis was proposed.
however , while aging may facilitate evolvability , it need not result from a program specifically selected for that purpose.
thus , aging may result paradoxically from post-maturational expression of the same programmatic function for somatic transformation that previously provided individual benefit.
it did so by ensuring acquisition of reproductive competence , post-reproductive development of parents to nurture offspring and thereby , to guarantee species survival.
we hoped to identify mutations associated with delayed development and to compare each subject's biological and chronological ages.
de novo mutations of coding-genes were found in all the subjects , but they could not be definitively identified as a cause of developmental delay.
nonetheless , genetic and epigenetic studies of neotenic subject's dna are on-going.
in this review , sex and aging are analyzed as phenoptotic phenomena , and the similarities between them are investigated.
until recently , programmed aging had been thought to be theoretically impossible because of the mechanics of the evolution process.
however , there is now substantial theoretical and empirical support for the existence of programmed aging in mammals.
rev. , @number@ 699-720 ) .
both naked mole rats and humans strongly decreased the pressure of natural selection , although in two different manners.
huge number of subordinates who have no right to take part in reproduction and hence in evolution serves the small queen's family.
humans used an alternative , \ "democratic \ " pathway , namely technical progress facilitating adaptation to the changing environmental conditions.
this is apparently why aging became a counterproductive atavism for these two species and was strongly shifted to late ages.
if this is the case , a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant might be an inhibitor of the aging program.
during the last @number@ years , such an antioxidant , namely skq1 , was synthesized and studied in detail in our group.
it consists of plastoquinone and decyltriphenylphosphonium ( a penetrating cation responsible for electrophoretic accumulation of skq1 in mitochondria ) .
it was shown that long-term treatment with skq1 increased the lifespan of plants , fungi , invertebrates , fish , and mammals.
moreover , skq1 is effective in the therapy of various age-related diseases.
as for acute phenoptosis , it is apparently controlled by receptors responsible for measuring key parameters of homeostasis.
the first experimental indications have been already obtained indicating that both chronic and acute phenoptosis are suppressed by skq1.
hidden barriers to visit a medical facility especially for young busy workers have been neglected in the aging society.
number of visits increased in winter season compared with the other seasons.
sixty-one percent were women and the median age of all patients was @number@ years ( range , 0-102 ) .
the number of visits on mondays was the highest in a week and the most frequent visiting time was between @number@ and @time@ .
the number of visits of working generations ( from @number@ to @number@ years old ) and men increased after @time@ . and on weekends.
the number of individuals who were referred to other medical institutions was @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
the median waiting time was @number@ seconds ( range , 2-5344 ) .
introduction : mobile technology , when included within multicomponent interventions , could contribute to more effective weight loss.
methods : randomized , multicentre clinical trial with @number@ parallel groups.
the primary outcome will be weight loss.
outcomes will be measured at baseline , after @number@ months , and after @number@ year.
participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group ( ig ) or the control group ( cg ) .
both groups will receive the traditional primary care lifestyle counseling prior to randomization.
the subjects in the ig will be lent a smartphone and a smartband for a 3-month period , corresponding to the length of the intervention.
the evident @number@ application integrates the information collected by the smartband on physical activity and the self-reported information by participants on daily food intake.
using this information , the application generates recommendations and personalized goals for weight loss.
discussion : there is a great diversity in the applications used obtaining different results on lifestyle improvement and weight loss.
the populations studied are not homogeneous and generate different results.
a spirit checklist is available for this protocol.
the trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov provided by the us national library of medicine-number nct03175614.
background : alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are becoming increasingly common with the aging of most populations.
the majority of individuals with dementia will first present for care and assessment in primary care settings.
there is a need for brief dementia screening instruments that can accurately diagnose dementia in primary care settings.
the mini-cog is a brief , cognitive screening test that is frequently used to evaluate cognition in older adults in various settings.
objectives : to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the mini-cog for diagnosing alzheimer's disease dementia and related dementias in a primary care setting.
since then , four updates to the search were performed using the same search methods , and the most recent was @date@ .
we only included studies that were conducted in primary care populations.
data collection and analysis : we extracted and described information on the characteristics of the study participants and study setting.
we then used revman @number@ to determine the sensitivity , specificity , and @percent@ confidence intervals.
we also created a ' risk of bias ' and applicability concerns graph to summarize information related to the quality of included studies.
main results : there were a total of four studies that met our inclusion criteria , including a total of @number@ total participants.
the sensitivity of the mini-cog varied between @number@ to @number@ in studies while the specificity varied between @number@ to @number@
the included studies displayed significant heterogeneity in both methodologies and clinical populations , which did not allow for a meta-analysis to be completed.
only one study ( holsinger @number@ ) was found to be at low risk of bias on all methodological domains.
the results of this study reported that the sensitivity of the mini-cog was @number@ and the specificity was @number@
substantial evidence has accumulated linking epigenome change to alterations in stem cell function during postnatal development and aging.
yet much remains to be learned about causal relationships , and large gaps remain in our understanding of epigenome-transcriptome interactions.
pcg-associated postnatal transcriptome change specific to the stem cell-like monocytes is found to be incompletely explained by conventional measures of pcg region structure.
to address this , we introduce algorithms that quantify local nucleosome-scale conservation of pcg-region topology.
deciphering the evolution of cancer cells under therapeutic pressure is a crucial step to understand the mechanisms that lead to treatment resistance.
to this end , we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data of eight chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) patients that developed resistance upon bcl2-inhibition by venetoclax.
we aimed to systematically review epidemiological evidence on the prognostic role of comorbidity and frailty in crc patients.
the study was conducted using standard meta-analysis methodology.
results : thirty-seven cohort studies were identified and included in this review : @number@ on comorbidity and @number@ on frailty.
of the @number@ studies , @number@ with comparable methodology were eligible for a meta-analysis.
comprehensive geriatric assessment might help to optimize care of crc patients , by improving early identification and management of comorbidities and geriatric syndromes.
ageing is a complex but universal phenomenon that progressively challenges the homeostasis network and finally leads to the dysfunction of organisms and even death.
in this study , we examined the effects of xyloketal derivatives on extending lifespan and healthspan of caenorhabditis elegans.
the results showed that most selected xyloketals could protect caenorhabditis elegans against heat stress and extend the lifespan of worms.
furthermore , @number@ increased the expression of heat shock protein @number@ ( hsp70 ) , a downstream molecular chaperone of hsf-1.
these results indicated that hsf-1 might contribute to the protective effect of this compound in caenorhabditis elegans ageing.
ala-67 , asn-74 and lys-80 of binding region might be the key amino residues during the interaction.
descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
the students ( n = @number@ response rate @percent@ ) reported high on all ebp activities.
the health professionals reported significantly higher on search other sources than the students.
the students reported significantly higher on formulate questions and appraise research reports than the health professionals.
no significant differences were identified between the health professional groups or between the student groups.
use of ebp : health professionals reported wide-ranging use from several times each month to once every six months.
the physicians reported significantly more frequent use than registered nurses and occupational therapists.
health professionals supervising students reported more frequent use of appraise research reports than the non-supervising group.
there is a need for improving the use of ebp , particularly among registered nurses and occupational therapists.
fork head box o ( foxo ) transcription factor is a key player in an evolutionarily conserved pathway.
the mammalian foxo family consists of foxo1 , @number@ @number@ and @number@ are highly similar in their structure , function and regulation.
to maintain optimum body function , the organisms have developed complex mechanisms for homeostasis.
importantly , it is well known that when these mechanisms dysregulate it results in the development of age-related disease.
akt / protein kinase b a signaling pathway as a main regulator of foxo to perform a diverse function in organisms.
the present review summarizes the molecular and clinical aspects of foxo transcription factor.
and also elaborate the interaction of foxo with the nucleosome remodelling complex to target genes , which is essential to cellular homeostasis.
background : accurate measurement devices are required to objectively quantify physical activity.
the criterion measure was the actual number of steps observed , counted with a manual tally counter.
absolute percentage error scores , intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) , and bland-altman plots were used to assess validity.
in china , where the population is aging rapidly , copd has become one of the leading causes of disability and a large economic burden.
we estimated age- and gender-specific prevalence of copd using a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression.
we also presented the time trends of copd between @number@ and @number@ by age , gender and setting ( urban vs rural ) .
the copd prevalence in males was about two-fold higher than in females , and it increased with increasing age.
this increase was most striking in middle age , and greater in females than in males from @number@ years up to @number@ years.
conclusions : copd is a highly prevalent disease in china and its importance is growing steadily.
the number of people living with copd has increased substantially between @number@ and @number@
copd is more frequent in males and in rural areas.
optimised primary and secondary prevention and treatment is urgently needed to counter this growing trend.
today , over @number@ million people suffer from alzheimer's disease ( ad ) worldwide.
areas covered : this study collects patent data from the integrity database.
a total of @number@ patents with @number@ internal citation pairs in the us from @number@ to @number@ were analyzed.
patent citation network analysis was used to visualize the technology relationship.
the β-amyloid peptide ( aβ ) theory leaves much to be desired ; neurotransmitter and tau protein hypotheses are worth further examination.
the use of old drugs for new indications is promising , as are traditional herbal medicines.
background : older drivers aged ≥70 years old have among the highest rates of motor vehicle collisions ( mvc ) compared to other age groups.
driving is a highly visual task , and older adults have a high prevalence of vision impairment compared to other ages.
target samples size is @number@ drivers.
the das remains installed in the vehicle for six months while the participant goes about his / her normal driving with no imposed study restrictions.
the data streams recorded by the das are uploaded to the data coordinating center for analysis.
however , the preclinical prediction accuracy for low csf aβ42 levels , a surrogate for brain aβ42 deposits , is not high.
moreover , the pathology data suggests a course initiated by tauopathy contradicting the contemporary clinical view of an aβ initiated cascade.
the quadratic effect appears to be unique to aβ42 , as aβ38 and aβ40 showed only positive linear relationships with age and csf tau.
importantly , we observed the prediction of cognitive decline was improved by considering both high and low levels of aβ42.
one of the strongest risk factors for dementia is the ε4 variant of the apoe gene.
yet , many who carry it never develop dementia.
the cohort consisted of @number@ health and retirement study participants who were aged @number@ or older and dementia-free at baseline.
among those with apoe ε4 , those with positive age beliefs were @percent@ less likely to develop dementia than those with negative age beliefs.
this oxidative stress can subsequently exert downstream effects and the subcellular compartments most affected by this oxidative stress are mitochondria.
methods : spontaneously immortalised human skin epidermal keratinocytes ( hacat ) and human dermal fibroblasts ( hdfn ) were divided into two groups.
senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging and identified as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of aging and aging-related diseases.
senescent cells accumulate with age in a variety of human tissues where they develop a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
sasp in brain could contribute to age-related inflammation and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
we confirmed that senescent astrocytes express a characteristic of sasp in vitro by human cytokine antibody array.
ginsenoside f1 suppresses the sasp from astrocytes induced by d-galactose via suppressing p38mapk-dependent nf-κb activity.
a specific inhibitor of p38mapk , sb203580 significantly decreased the secretion of il-6 and il-8 , the major components of sasps.
this migration was significantly decreased by f1 treatment in senescent astrocytes.
interestingly , il-8 , the main mediator regulating glioblastoma cell invasion , was suppressed in both transcriptional and protein level.
herein , we propose ginsenoside f1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the deleterious contribution of senescent astrocytes in aged brain and related diseases.
over @number@ children are in foster care in the united states , and more than @number@ of them are waiting to be adopted.
yet many will age out of foster care into adulthood without an adoptive family.
research demonstrates what only makes sense : teens with tangible support from meaningful adult relationships fare better than those without.
accumulating evidence suggests that the senescence-messaging secretome ( sms ) factors released by senescent cells play a key role in cellular senescence and physiological aging.
phenomenon of the senescence induction in human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( mescs ) in response to sms factors has not yet been described.
in present study , we examine a hypothesis whether the conditioned medium from senescent cells ( cm-old ) may promote premature senescence of young mescs.
in this case , we assume that sms factors , containing in cm-old are capable to trigger senescence mechanism in a paracrine manner.
unag is a green-emitting fluorescent protein that utilizes unconjugated bilirubin ( br ) as its fluorophore.
the model organism caenorhabditis elegans offers a promising solution for studying the potential bioactivity and molecular mechanisms of natural compounds in vivo.
finally , future directions in using a c. elegans-based model for discovering bioactive compounds for health promotion are discussed.
the mean icu length of stay was @number@ ± @number@ days.
overall in-hospital mortality was @percent@ ( @number@ out of @number@ patients ) .
identification of imaging biomarkers for schizophrenia is an important but still challenging problem.
furthermore , fusion of these modalities provides the most plentiful information and the highest predictive accuracy of @percent@.
this work indicates that multimodal integration can improve the ability of distinguishing differences between groups and might be assisting in further diagnosis of schizophrenia.
dexterity impairments are well documented in older adults , though it is unclear how these influence touchscreen manipulation.
this study examined age-related differences while tracing on high- and low-friction touchscreens using the finger or stylus.
@number@ young and @number@ older adults completed an archimedes spiral tracing task on a touchscreen mounted on a force sensor.
root mean square error was calculated to quantify performance.
root mean square error also increased on the low-friction surface for all subjects.
these findings suggest that utilizing a stylus and increasing surface friction may improve touchscreen use in older adults.
background : aging populations are at increased risk of postoperative complications.
new methods to provide care for older people recovering from surgery may reduce surgery-related complications.
search methods : we searched central , medline , embase , psycinfo , cinahl and two clinical trials registers on @date@ .
we also searched grey literature for additional citations.
we expressed dichotomous treatment effects as risk ratio ( rr ) with @percent@ confidence intervals and continuous outcomes as mean difference ( md ) .
for two trials cga was done pre-operatively and postoperatively for the remaining.
six trials had adequate randomization , five had low risk of performance bias and four had low risk of detection bias.
blinding of participants was not possible.
cga probably leads to slightly reduced length of stay ( @number@ trials , @number@ participants , moderate-certainty evidence ) .
authors ' conclusions : there is evidence that cga can improve outcomes in people with hip fracture.
background : the last decades have seen great advances in the understanding , treatment , and prevention of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
this raises the question whether contemporary populations of older adults are experiencing better or worse objective as well as subjective health than earlier-born cohorts.
methods : serial cross-sectional analysis of @number@ propensity-score-matched participants of base ( born 1907-1922 ) and base-ii ( born 1925-1942 ) .
results : @number@ matched pairs were identified based on age , sex , and education.
bmi did not differ significantly between the two matched samples.
notably , despite better cvh , later-born individuals ( base-ii ) reported lower self-rated health , presumably because of higher health expectations.
conclusions : overall , cardiovascular health was significantly better in the later-born cohort , but several notable exceptions exist.
older adults , particularly those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , are advised to receive 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( ppv23 ) .
ppv23 rate was defined as the number of participants who reported receiving free ppv23 divided by the total number of candidates for free ppv23.
older adults who were women , current smokers , or who had a low pef were less likely to receive the ppv23.
these findings support continual efforts to improve the ppv23 coverage rate in vulnerable populations.
univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate data.
results : a great reliability was seen when used for the male volunteers.
however , for females , no equivalence was found between the real age and the estimated age.
conclusion : these applications presented satisfactory results as an auxiliary method , in male images.
background : the frontal bone is an anatomical structure of the skull separated by the metopic suture in the childhood.
the scientific literature indicates that metopic suture consolidates with closure in the early stages of life.
metopism is the term used to describe a metopic suture that persists up to the adulthood.
persistent metopic suture is associated potentially with the agenesis of the frontal sinus.
aim : to investigate the prevalence of absent frontal sinuses in dry skulls with metopism.
materials and methods : the present study was performed after the approval of the local committee of ethics in research.
the skulls underwent anthropological exam in the search for metopism.
radiographic exam was performed in the skulls with metopism to verify the presence or absence of the frontal sinus.
results : from the @number@ dry skulls , @number@ presented metopism.
radiographic exams were performed on @number@ skulls ( one skull was not analysed radiographically because of extensive destruction ) .
only one skull ( @percent@ ) had the frontal sinus absent.
conclusion : the present study found a low prevalence rate of the agenesis of frontal sinuses in dry skulls with metopism.
disease epidemiology during ageing shows a transition from cancer to degenerative chronic disorders as dominant contributors to mortality in the old.
nevertheless , it has remained unclear to what extent molecular signatures of ageing reflect this phenomenon.
here we report on the identification of a conserved transcriptomic signature of ageing based on gene expression data from four vertebrate species across four tissues.
these results reveal a fundamental trade-off between cancer and degenerative ageing diseases that sheds light on the pronounced shift in their epidemiology during ageing.
wrinkles , thinning and roughening of skin are some of the symptoms that affect the skin as it ages.
reactive oxygen species induced oxidative stress plays a major role in skin aging by modulating the elastase enzyme level in the skin.
extrinsic factors that affect skin aging such as uv radiation can also cause malignant melanoma.
methods : the phytochemical contents of the plant extracts were investigated for radical scavenging activity and total reducing power.
in addition poly herbal formulation @number@ also had better anti-cancer activity in human malignant melanoma cells.
in recent years , the role of autophagy in hypoxic myocardial injury has attracted much attention.
aim : a systematic literature search was conducted using medline and isi web of science.
included studies were critically assessed regarding their risk of bias , and methodological shortcomings.
levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were determined according to guidelines of the oxford centre for evidence-based medicine.
results : two cohort and twenty-nine case-control studies were eligible.
conclusion : current scientific knowledge is mainly based on observational studies with poor quality data , which report associations but do not prove causality.
at present , there is no convincing evidence that moderate / responsible solarium use increases melanoma risk.
patients with xeroderma pigmentosum ( xp ) are extremely sun sensitive due to a genetic defect in components of the ner cascade.
they present with first signs of premature skin aging at an early age , with a considerably increased risk of developing uv-induced skin cancer.
xp belongs to the group of dna repair defective disorders that are mainly diagnosed in the clinic and in hindsight confirmed at the molecular level.
unfortunately , there are no causative treatment options for this rare , autosomal-recessive disorder , emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis.
background / aim : sirtuins ( sirts ) play crucial roles in various signaling pathways that modulate differentiation and proliferation.
we sought to elucidate the role of sirts in differentiation and proliferation of human neuroblastoma ( nb ) .
results : sirts are involved in proliferation and differentiation using nam in be ( @number@ ) -c cells.
sirt6 may represent a novel target for developing future therapeutics for the treatment of aggressive nbs.
aortic stiffness is a marker of the alteration of structural and functional properties of the wall of the large arterial trunks.
aortic stiffness can be estimated non-invasively by applanation tonometry with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.
this measure may be useful in clinical practice for early identification of at risk patients.
study of the determinants of aortic stiffening process in this population may optimize cardiovascular prevention.
patients with baseline diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging or computed tomographic scan were included to evaluate the final infarct volume.
baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volume and final infarct volume were analyzed using semiautomated volumetric method.
ig volume was defined as the difference between final infarct volume and baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volume.
results : a total of @number@ acute ischemic stroke subjects were included in the final analysis.
one hundred seventy of these had ig.
the maintenance of muscle function into late life protects against various negative health outcomes.
the present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of habitual physical activity and exercise types on physical performance across ages in community-living adults.
the project was designed to raise awareness in the general population on major lifestyle behaviors and risk factors for chronic diseases.
candidate participants are eligible for enrolment if they are at least @number@ years of age and provide written informed consent.
physical performance is evaluated through the 5-repetition chair stand test.
analyses were conducted in @number@ community-living adults enrolled between @date@ and @date@ , after excluding @number@ participants for missing values of the variables of interest.
the time to complete the chair stand test was similar from @number@ to 40-44 years , and declined progressively across subsequent age groups.
our findings suggest that regular physical activity modifies the age-related pattern of decline in physical performance , with greater benefits observed for more intensive activities.
efforts are needed from health authorities and healthcare providers to promote the large-scale adoption of an active lifestyle throughout the life course.
purpose : this research aimed to investigate whether demographic factors are similarly related to retrieval of object and proper names.
methods : the sample included @number@ individuals above age @number@ who participated in the health and retirement study between @number@ and @number@
participants were asked to name two objects as well as the us president and vice president.
latent growth curve models examined the associations of age , education , and self-rated health with baseline levels and change trajectories in retrieval.
similar effects of self-rated health emerged for both types of stimuli.
aging has traditionally been related to impairments in name retrieval.
these impairments have usually been explained by a phonological transmission deficit hypothesis or by an inhibitory deficit hypothesis.
this decline can , however , be modulated by the educational level of the sample.
this study analyzed the possible role of these approaches in explaining both object and face naming impairments during aging.
we compared naming when exemplars were presented in a semantically homogeneous or in a semantically heterogeneous context.
interestingly , the group of older adults with a lower educational level showed an increased semantic interference effect during face naming.
high levels of physical activity seem to positively influence health and cognition across the lifespan.
several studies have found that aerobic exercise enhances cognition and likely prevents cognitive decline in the elderly.
nevertheless , the association of incidental physical activity ( ipa ) with health and cognition during aging has not been studied.
participants ( n = @number@ ) with normal scores on psychometric and neuropsychological tests and normal values in blood analyses were included.
there were no differences in socioeconomic status , cognitive reserve , general cognitive status , or lipid and tsh profiles between the groups.
each article also includes an informational tear sheet-information for family caregivers-that contains links to instructional videos.
for additional information , see resources for nurses.
cancer is a major chronic disease threatening the people's health in china.
we reviewed the latest advances on cancer surveillance , prevention and control in our country , which may provide important clues for future cancer control.
we used data from the national central cancer registry , to describe and analyze the latest cancer statistics in china.
we summarized updated informations on cancer control policies , conducting network , as well as programs in the country.
we provided important suggestions on the future strategies of cancer prevention and control.
the overall cancer burden in china has been increasing during the past decades.
in @number@ there were about @number@ @number@ @number@ new cancer cases and @number@ @number@ @number@ cancer deaths in china.
the age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality rates were @number@.63 / 100 @number@ and @number@.98 / 100 @number@ respectively.
china has formed a comprehensive network on cancer prevention and control.
nationwide population-based cancer surveillance has been built up.
the population coverage of cancer surveillance has been expanded , and the data quality has been improved.
as the aging population is increasing and unhealthy life styles persist in our country , there will be an unnegligible cancer burden in china.
background : alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta ( aβ ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
patients were randomly assigned to receive solanezumab at a dose of @number@ mg or placebo intravenously every @number@ weeks for @number@ weeks.
results : a total of @number@ patients were enrolled , of whom @number@ were assigned to receive solanezumab and @number@ to receive placebo.
the change from baseline in the mmse score was @number@ in the solanezumab group and @number@ in the placebo group.
conclusions : solanezumab at a dose of @number@ mg administered every @number@ weeks in patients with mild alzheimer's disease did not significantly affect cognitive decline.
( funded by eli lilly ; expedition3 clinicaltrials.gov number , nct01900665 . ) .
methods : this is a cross-sectional population- based study carried out with @number@ elderly residents in two areas of a city in southern brazil.
for the statistical analysis , the χ2 test was used ( p < 0.05 ) .
results : regarding cognitive assessment , the majority was classified as independent ( @percent@ ) , not requiring caregiver assistance to answer the questionnaire.
the population was predominantly female ( @percent@ ) , white ( @percent@ ) , married ( @percent@ ) , and catholic ( @percent@ ) .
a total of @percent@ considered their current health status as regular.
regarding satisfaction with health , @percent@ were happy , even reporting having at least one chronic health problem ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : the presence of chronic diseases was reported by most respondents , and the practice of self-medication is significantly more frequent among the aged.
the elderly population is heterogeneous.
chronological age alone does not reflect heterogeneity in the aging process.
although a full ga is valuable , it is time-consuming.
therefore , in a busy practice , geriatric screening tools are useful to identify patients in need of further evaluation using a full ga.
assessment for screening tools takes a few minutes.
these screening tools may help physicians make informed treatment decisions in daily practice.
along with the aging society in japan , the number ofelderly cancer patients is increasing , and hematological malignancy is no exception.
treatment ofhematological malignancy is mainly chemotherapy and furthermore it is necessary to keep its dose intensity.
geriatric assessment ( ga ) used in the field of geriatric medicine is reported to be useful for risk assessment of chemotherapy.
the usefulness of ga is also shown in hematological malignancy.
in non-hodgkin's lymphoma , attempts have been made to determine the treatment method by stratifying the risk using the results of ga.
the aging rate in japan is the highest in the world , and it is entering a very aging society that has never happened before.
the first cause of death is a malignant neoplasm , and opportunities of the treatment for elderly cancer patients are rapidly increasing.
the elderly have increased chronic diseases and complications with aging , and the adverse event in medication therapy also increases.
also , the form of medical provision is diversified , home medical care and nursing care are recommended.
in japan , cardiovascular diseases are frequent complications in cancer patients owing to the rapidly aging population and changes in the overall lifestyle.
in addition , new anticancer therapies have substantially improved the prognosis of cancer patients.
cardiotoxicity , also referred to as cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction , has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
close interactions between cardiologists and oncologists are required for the optimal care of many cancer patients.
onco-cardiology is a medical subspecialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
we also discuss noninvasive diagnostic options to identify and characterize cardiotoxicity.
cancer and cardiovascular disease are @number@ major disease of the japanese cause of death.
both patients with cancer complicated with cardiovascular disease and patients with cancer developing cardiovascular disorder during cancer therapyare increasing recently.
objectives : in our previous reports , we have demonstrated that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields ( elf-emf ) exposure enhances the proliferation of keratinocyte.
the present study aimed to clarify effects of elf-emf on wound healing and molecular mechanisms involved , using a scratch in vitro model.
the production and expression of il-1β , tnf-α , il-18 and il-18bp were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time pcr.
the activity and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmp ) - @date@ was evaluated by zymography and western blot analysis , respectively.
signal transduction proteins expression ( akt and erk ) was measured by western blot.
results : the results of wound healing in vitro assay revealed a significant reduction of cell-free area time-dependent in elf-emf-exposed cells compared to sham condition.
gene expression and release of cytokines analysed were significantly increased in elf-emf-exposed cells.
our results further showed that elf-emf exposure induced the activity and expressions of mmp-9.
molecular data showed that effects of elf-emf might be mediated via akt and erk signal pathway , as demonstrated using their specific inhibitors.
conclusions : our results highlight ability of elf-emf to modulate inflammation mediators and keratinocyte proliferation / migration , playing an important role in wound repair.
the elf-emf accelerates wound healing modulating expression of the mmp-9 via akt / erk pathway.
aging is associated with a large heterogeneity in the extent of age-related changes in sensory , motor , and cognitive functions.
all these functions can influence the performance in complex tasks like car driving.
the present study aims to identify potential differences in underlying cognitive processes that may explain inter-individual variability in driving performance.
overall , younger and older drivers showed comparable driving performance ( lane keeping ) .
however , there was a large difference in driving lane variability within the older group.
participation of the numbers of men and women rowers were also quantified across years.
these results indicate that increased participation and incentives within collegiate rowing for women vs. men contribute to sex differences in athletic performance.
outcomes were measured via validated self-report questionnaires at baseline ( t1 ) and at post-treatment ( t2 ) .
primary outcomes were mental health-related well-being and mental health-related quality of life ( qol ) .
the secondary outcomes included mental health-related and work-related measures.
results : the intention to treat ( itt ) analysis showed significant positive effects of the intervention on mental health.
a significant small effect ( d = @number@ ) in favour of the ig was found for psychological health-related quality of life.
positive small effects ( d = @number@ to d = @number@ ) were also found for work related mental strain.
thus , our study shows that the ageing workforce can be reached through specifically designed preventive interventions.
the components of our intervention could be easily adapted to the belongings of other professions.
our results suggest that these components should be evaluated in various settings outside the healthcare sector.
data extraction evaluated the importance of determinants , strength of evidence , and methodological quality of the selected papers.
the full protocol is available from prospero ( prospero2014 : crd42015010616 ) .
results : nineteen reviews were included.
moderate methodological quality emerged.
conversely , no association between pa and ses or parental ses was found for pre-school , school-aged children and adolescents.
conclusions : available evidence on the socioeconomic determinants of pa behaviour across the life course is probable ( shows fairly consistent associations ) at best.
while some evidence is available for adults , less was available for youth.
further pa domain specific studies using longitudinal design and clear measures of ses and pa assessment are required.
inconsistent data are present about sod activity in patients with schizophrenia.
numerous studies have shown that sod has been elevated in chronic schizophrenic patients.
however , decreased sod activity was found in neuroleptic naïve , first episode schizophrenic patients , in chronic-medicated patients and in chronic-unmedicated patients.
sod activity was measured in erythrocyte hemolyzates by ransod commercially available test.
gender and heredity did not induce any significant difference in sod activity between younger and older subgroups.
no significant differences were found in sod activity between the subgroups with different panss scores.
first generation antipsychotics were associated with elevated enzyme activity in both groups.
simultaneous treatment of patients with first generation antipsychotics and second generation antipsychotics induced a significant decrease in sod activity in the younger group.
defects in endolysosomal and autophagic functions are increasingly viewed as key pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders.
a master regulator of these functions is ( pi3p ) , a phospholipid synthesized primarily by class iii pi 3-kinase vps34.
secretion of these exosomes requires neutral sphingomyelinase @number@ and sphingolipid synthesis.
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) ( age 0-14 years ) is @percent@ more common in latino americans than non-latino whites.
replication of the strongest genetic associations is performed in two independent datasets from the children's oncology group and the california childhood leukemia study.
conclusion : these data support the hypothesis that relaxin alters gene transcription and suppresses inflammatory pathways and genes associated with hf and aging.
relaxin's suppression of inflammation and fibrosis supports its potential as a therapy for cardiovascular and inflammation-related diseases , such as hf , af and diabetes.
background : the affordable care act ( aca ) required most insurers and the medicare program to eliminate cost sharing for screening mammography.
the effect was attenuated among women living in areas with lower educational attainment and was negligible among hispanic women.
( funded by the national institute on aging. ) .
in @number@ the first cases of atypical femoral fractures ( aff ) , occurring in the shaft of the femur , were reported.
since then , more cases have been found , leading to great concern among patients and a dramatic decrease in bisphosphonate prescribing.
the pathogenesis and incidence of aff are reviewed herein.
management and an approach to prevention or early detection of aff are also provided.
denosumab , a more recently approved anti-resorptive medication has also been associated with aff.
bone disease contributes to relevant morbidity after solid organ transplantation.
vitamin d has a crucial role for bone metabolism.
activation of vitamin d depends on the endocrine function of both , liver and kidney.
our study assessed key markers of bone metabolism at time of transplantation and @number@ months after transplantation among @number@ kidney and @number@ liver recipients.
assessed biomarkers didn't differ between liver recipients with and without fractures.
to conclude , the assessed panel of biomarkers proved highly dynamic after liver as well as kidney transplantation in the early post-transplant period.
here , we constructed a firefly luciferase reporter driven by the human telomerase reverse trancriptase ( htert ) gene promoter to screen for inhibitory compounds.
compound 5c was discovered and shown to significantly inhibit the promoter activity of htert gene.
moreover , our results indicated that compound 8b induced apoptosis of hela cells , and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 enzymes.
taken together , these results suggested that compound 8b down-regulates the expression of htert and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
the molecular pathophysiology of heart failure , which is one of the leading causes of mortality , is not yet fully understood.
heart failure can be regarded as a systemic syndrome of aging-related phenotypes.
circulating c1q was identified as a novel activator of wnt / β-catenin signaling , promoting systemic aging-related phenotypes including sarcopenia and heart failure.
on the other hand , p53 induces the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the failing heart.
aging or cerebral diseases may induce architectural modifications in human brain microvascular networks , such as capillary rarefaction.
such modifications limit blood and oxygen supply to the cortex , possibly resulting in energy failure and neuronal death.
modelling is key in understanding how these architectural modifications affect blood flow and mass transfers in such complex networks.
here , we introduce a hybrid approach to model blood flow at larger scale in the brain microcirculation , based on its multiscale architecture.
the capillary bed , which is a space-filling network , is treated as a porous medium and modelled using a homogenized continuum approach.
the main contribution of this work is to devise a proper coupling model at the interface between these two components.
background : clinical and epidemiological studies of older persons have implicated clusterin in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
clusterin was quantified using elisa ( mean 255± @number@ ng / ml ) .
total brain volume ( tbv ) and volumes of structures affected in later ad were examined for comparison.
similar relationships were observed between clusterin and hv , although the relationship was stronger for left-side hv than the right-side.
however , the association was not significant after adjusting for covariates.
there were no significant associations between clusterin and brain structures affected in later ad.
clusterin could be informative as part of a multi-component preclinical marker for ad.
design : analysis of genotype , pca status , and age to select single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with diagnosis.
the resulting polygenic hazard score is an assessment of individual genetic risk.
the final model was applied to an independent dataset containing genotype and psa screening data.
the hazard score was calculated for these men to test prediction of survival free from pca.
setting : multiple institutions that were members of international practical consortium.
participants : all consortium participants of european ancestry with known age , pca status , and quality assured custom ( icogs ) array genotype data.
the development dataset comprised @number@ @number@ men ; the validation dataset comprised @number@ men.
main outcome measures : prediction with hazard score of age of onset of aggressive cancer in validation set.
this is the first empirical study to examine the effects of pfl on long-term care patterns.
our preferred estimate , employing an empirically-matched group of control states , finds that pfl reduced nursing home usage by about @number@ percentage points.
for california , this represents an @number@ percent relative decline in elderly nursing home utilization.
the key might be found in high-quality care in the community.
quality indicators ( qis ) of a sufficient methodological level are a prerequisite to monitor , compare , and improve care quality.
this systematic review identified existing qis for community care for older people and assessed their methodological quality.
methods : relevant studies were identified by searches in electronic reference databases and selected by two reviewers independently.
eligible publications described the development or application of qis to assess the quality of community care for older people.
information about the qis , the study sample , and specific setting was extracted.
the methodological quality of the qi sets was assessed with the appraisal of indicators through research and evaluation ( aire ) instrument.
a score of @percent@ or higher on a domain was considered to indicate high methodological quality.
results : searches resulted in @number@ included articles , describing @number@ qi sets with @number@ qis.
about two-third of the qis focussed on specific disease groups.
the methodological quality of the indicator sets varied considerably.
conclusion : a substantial number of qis is available to assess the quality of community care for older people.
this study can support policy makers and clinicians to navigate through a large number of qis and select qis for their purposes.
prospero registration : 2014 : crd42014007199.
here we report a thiol-dependent process that may account for impaired autophagy during aging.
this is through direct oxidation of key autophagy-related ( atg ) proteins atg3 and atg7.
when inactive atg3 and atg7 are protected from oxidation due to stable covalent interaction with their substrate lc3.
the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) senses nutrients and growth factors to coordinate cell growth , metabolism and autophagy.
here , we review these advances , providing an overview of mtor signaling and its role in murine and human stem and progenitor cells.
approximately half of all people living with hiv in the us are age @number@ and older.
all discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed.
they urged researchers to be mindful of research \ "burnout , \ " because many people with hiv participate in multiple research studies.
addressing participant concerns can facilitate inclusion and enhance hiv research success.
analyzing long-term trends requires to discern independent effects of age , period , and cohort using apc analysis.
most existing health and aging literature have used cross-sectional or short-term available panel data to identify age or period effects ignoring cohort effects.
an analytic exemplar for each model was provided.
background : growing evidence suggests that oral health may be an important factor associated with cognitive function in aged populations.
however , many previous studies on this topic used insensitive oral indicators or did not include certain essential covariates.
cognitive function was measured using the japanese version of the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca-j ) .
oral status and function were evaluated according to the number of remaining teeth , periodontal pocket depth , and maximal occlusal force.
associations between moca-j scores and occlusal force were investigated via bivariate and multivariate analyses.
among individuals aged @number@ years , crp and periodontal status were weakly but significantly associated with moca-j score.
after controlling for all significant variables via bivariate analyses , the correlation between maximal occlusal force and cognitive function persisted.
a path analysis confirmed the hypothesis that cognitive function is associated with occlusal force directly as well as indirectly via food intake.
conclusions : after controlling for possible factors , maximal occlusal force was positively associated with cognitive function directly as well as indirectly through dietary intake.
methods : ct was evaluated in @number@ stgd patients and in @number@ controls.
measurements were performed in the subfoveal position and at @number@ μm nasally and temporally.
ct average values in stgd and in the control group were first compared by means of student's t test.
then , the possible association between ct and some clinical features was evaluated by means of linear regression analysis.
results : average ct was not significantly different between controls and stgd patients.
ct and foveal thickness were also significantly but modestly correlated ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : in our series average ct is not significantly changed in stgd in comparison with the controls.
nevertheless a choroidal thinning may be identified in the more advanced stages of the disease.
sex-specific data can improve disease prevention , diagnosis , and treatment as well as reduce inequities.
there are important , yet poorly studied , sex differences in cardiometabolic disease.
research to address the important goal of understanding key sex differences in cardiometabolic disease across the life span is lacking.
methods : we provide long-term forecasts of healthcare use and costs at the quebec population level using a novel dynamic microsimulation model.
over the 2012-2050 period , the present value of cost savings is projected to amount to c $ 13.1 billion in @number@ dollars.
the years of life saved due to improved life expectancy could be worth another c $ 38.2 billion.
dna mutations are inevitable.
collectively , these new studies are revealing a previously uncharacterized aging phenotype : the accumulation of clones with cancer driver mutations.
rns in ambulatory practice must expand their role to assist primary care physicians meet the growing demands of the aging american population.
this article explores the benefits of rns performing annual wellness visits ( awvs ) for medicare patients.
nqo1 is a fad containing nad ( p ) h-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of quinones and related substrates.
nad ( p ) h can protect nqo1 from proteolytic digestion suggesting that binding of reduced pyridine nucleotides results in a change in nqo1 structure.
these data provide evidence that during the centriole duplication cycle nqo1 may provide nad + for sirt2-mediated deacetylation of microtubules.
in-vitro aging platforms included replicative senescence and an energy restriction model in quiescence ( eriq ) , in which atp was transiently reduced.
tf motifs in promoter regions of trimmed sets of target genes were scanned using jaspar and transfac.
tf signatures established a global mapping of agglomerating motifs with distinct clusters when ranked hierarchically.
remarkably , the eriq profile was shared with the majority of in-vivo aged tissues.
fitting motifs in a minimalistic protein-protein network allowed to probe for connectivity to distinct stress sensors.
the dna damage sensors atm and atr linked to the subnetwork associated with senescence.
by contrast , the energy sensors pten and ampk connected to the nodes in the eriq subnetwork.
methods : thirty-three healthy subjects within two age groups ( young , elderly ) were scanned at 3t.
among them , @number@ underwent the protocol twice to assess repeatability.
the differences between pathways and age groups were quantified and interpreted in context of the test-retest repeatability of the measurements.
even though particular wm regions did exhibit significant differences , these differences were on the same order as test-retest errors.
no significant difference was found between age groups for all metrics.
this makes it difficult to determine if observed changes are due to variations in myelin content , or simply due to measurement error.
this gwas was enhanced using a tissue-specific protein-protein interaction network approach.
the 5-year overall survival ( os ) in patients ≥ @number@ years old with acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) remains < @percent@.
we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of patients ≥ @number@ years old with aml treated with flag or clo over the past @number@ years.
we performed a propensity score match that provided @number@ patients in each group.
finally , we performed a cost analysis that estimated savings to be $ 30 , 000-45 , 000 per induction with flag.
our study supports the use of flag both financially and as an effective , well-tolerated high-dose treatment regimen for elderly patients with aml.
no cases of cerebellar neurotoxicity occurred.
background : falls among older adults is one of the major public health challenges facing the rapidly changing demography.
objective : to provide rt reference data and to characterize the age-related changes in rt measured by the nintendo wii balance board.
reference data were analysed and presented in age-groups , while the age-related change in rt was tested and characterized with linear regression models.
results : @number@ participants between @number@ and @number@ years of age were tested.
for both hands and feet , mean rt and its variation increased with age.
there was a statistically significant non-linear increase in rt with age.
the averaged difference between male and female was significant , with males being faster than females for both hands and feet.
the averaged difference between dominant and non-dominant side was non-significant.
conclusion : this study reported reference data with percentiles for a new promising method for reliably testing rt.
the rt data were consistent with previously known effects of age and gender on rt.
subclinical cerebrovascular disease was defined as silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensity volume ( wmhv ) .
the relationship of hr measures with the presence of silent brain infarct and upper quartile of log wmhv ( log wmhv4 ) was analyzed.
introduction and objective : protective antioxidative effects of melatonin have been repeatedly documented in experimental and clinical studies.
one of the most spectacular exogenous prooxidative agents is cigarette smoking.
material and methods : the study was performed in postmenopausal women.
ninety ( @number@ ) female volunteers , aged 46-67 years , were enrolled.
microdermabrasion was performed at point ' @number@ , after @number@ weeks , and after @number@ weeks of treatment.
malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals level ( lpo index ) was measured spectrophotometrically.
results : melatonin oral treatment significantly reversed the increased serum lpo level in former-smokers already after @number@ weeks of treatment.
in a univariate regression model , lpo blood level constituted the only independent factor negatively associated with melatonin oral treatment.
after @number@ weeks of treatment , melatonin given orally increased skin sebum , moisture and elasticity levels , and melatonin applied topically increased sebum level.
conclusions : exogenous melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers.
introduction and objective : physical activity is an important factor in maintaining the health and functional fitness of elderly people.
material and methods : the study involved @number@ women , aged 60-75.
physical activity was monitored on seven consecutive days of the week , using a triaxial accelerometer actigraph gt3x.
results of the assessment of physical activity were verified against the global recommendations of physical activity for health.
the senior fitness test ( fullerton test ) was used to evaluate functional fitness.
results : in the studied group , @percent@ achieved the recommended level of physical activity.
all those examined mainly undertook physical activity of low intensity.
vigorous physical activity during the week was noted in only @number@ seniors.
conclusions : adherence to physical activity guidelines was associated with better functional fitness of older women.
however , less than half of the examined seniors met the global recommendations on physical activity for health.
this passages of this discussion are related tot he viith book of the metamorphoses.
then there's a famous hoax against pelias : medea , pretending to rejuvenate the old tyrant , kills him.
introduction : sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases.
analysis of variance was used to estimate geometric means adjusted for study and relevant covariates.
taller height was associated with lower concentrations of androstenedione , testosterone , free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and higher concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide.
current smoking was associated with higher concentrations of androstenedione , sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone.
alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate , androstenedione and androstanediol glucuronide.
east asians had lower concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide and african americans had higher concentrations of estrogens.
education and marital status were modestly associated with a small number of hormones.
cancer resistance is a major cause for longevity of the naked mole-rat.
notably , a2m is known to dramatically decrease with age in humans.
we hypothesize that this might facilitate tumour development.
a2m increases the expression of cd29 and cd44 but did not evoke emt.
by virtue of these multiple actions the naturally occurring a2m has strong potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
the concept of cancer stem cells was proposed in the late 1990s.
although initially the idea seemed controversial , the existence of cancer stem cells is now well established.
however , the process leading to the formation of cancer stem cells is still not clear and thus requires further research.
this article discusses epigenetic events that possibly produce cancer progenitor cells from predisposed cells by the influence of their environment.
we call this signature an epigenetic switch.
the epigenetic switch is not fixed.
our epigenome alters with aging.
neurological diseases are becoming increasingly prominent worldwide due to rapidly aging populations , which greatly contributes to increasing healthcare costs.
the development of neuroprotective drugs has so far proven exceptionally difficult due to the blood-brain barrier.
one novel approach to address this challenge is to administer drugs intranasally to noninvasively bypass the blood-brain barrier.
the intranasal route can thus transport drugs directly to the brain from the nasal cavity along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves.
the purpose of this review is to describe the details of this mechanism to better direct future research.
the intranasal route is composed of two pathways , one being intracellular while the other being extracellular.
this transynaptic process is repeated by olfactory neurons , thereby distributing the drug to other brain regions.
methods : fourteen young and @number@ older adults raised the arms in response to the target sound signal.
three task conditions were used : @number@ and @percent@ probabilities of the target in the oddball task and self-timing.
p300 latency was significantly shorter , and p300 amplitude was significantly smaller under the @percent@ condition than under the @percent@ condition.
no significant differences were found between @number@ and @percent@ conditions in onset times of all postural muscles , and latency and amplitude of p300.
older adults can achieve postural control using ankle joints in the self-timing task.
a 19-year-old woman developed high fever , headache , and nausea after taking loxoprofen for pharyngitis , followed by disturbed consciousness and nuchal stiffness.
the patient and her mother had a history of raynaud's phenomenon.
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) examination indicated a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and revealed high levels of q albumin and igg index.
anti-rnp antibodies were positive in serum and csf.
this protective effect on the mortality risk is not only statistically significant but also clinically relevant.
the mechanisms involved in this association include pathways , greater adherence to healthy behaviors and diverse social factors.
public health strategies could better explore this association.
this can be done on an individual ( health professionals adopting simple measures ) or institutional scale ( health institutions joining religious organizations ) .
some evidence suggests that the benefits of r / s to health and longevity would be more present in populations from more religious regions.
exploring this interface can improve the supply and usage of health care , especially for marginalized populations.
to achieve this , health professionals , religious leaders and policy makers need to work together.
methods : the sample included @number@ subjects aged @number@ years and older.
the body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) and mobility was assessed by motor tests.
binary logistic regression , adjusted for the variables ( sex and osteoarticular diseases ) , was used to express the magnitude of these associations.
one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mobility of four groups ( normal , obesity , sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity ) .
older people with sarcopenia had higher chance of reduced mobility ( or : @number@ 95%ci : @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusion : older people aged @number@ years and older with sarcopenia have more chance for reduction in mobility.
we demonstrated successful humanization of germ-free mice by transplanting fecal samples from breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy.
mice were then grouped based on chemotherapy status and ge or control diet.
we did not find any significant differences between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy bacterial composition and abundances.
germ-free mice on a ge diet showed differences in microbial composition as compared to mice on control diet.
four weeks after introduction of the customized ge diet , there was distinct clustering of ge-fed mice as compared to the control-fed group.
in the gut microbiome of ge-treated humanized mice , there was an increase in abundance of genera lactococcus and eubacterium.
phylum verrucomicrobia showed statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) differences in abundances between the ge-fed and control-fed groups.
there was an increase in bacteria belonging to family lachnospiraceae and ruminococcaceae in ge-fed mice.
the post-tumor samples did not show any distinct clustering of the gut microbiota between the two diet groups.
the average tumor size for the ge group was significantly decreased compared to the non-ge group.
collectively , our results suggest that the intestinal microbiota becomes altered with a ge diet before induction of tumor.
however , both types of epha2 coding variants were present at comparable levels in individuals with or without age-related cataract making simple genotype-phenotype correlations inconclusive.
the sirtuin proteins are an evolutionarily conserved family of nad + -dependent deacetylases that regulate various cellular functions.
among the seven sirtuins , sirt2 is predominantly found in the cytoplasm , and is present in a wide range of tissues.
recent studies indicate that sirt2 plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis.
several studies indicate that sirt2 is upregulated under serum deprivation conditions.
serum deprivation induced sirt2 expression , while srf and the srf binding protein , p49 / strap , repressed sirt2 gene expression.
sirt2 gene expression was also repressed by the rho / srf inhibitor , ccg-1423.
the increased expression of srf that was observed in the aged heart may affect sirt2 gene expression and contribute to altered metabolic status in senescence.
population aging is a global phenomenon , and choosing appropriate medical care for the elderly is critical.
polypharmacy is suspected to increase the risk of adverse events ( aes ) in older patients.
we examined the ae profiles associated with polypharmacy and aging using the japanese adverse drug event report ( jader ) database.
we attempted to mitigate the effect of patient-related factors using a multiple-logistic regression technique and data subsetting.
we selected case reports for aes as specified in the medical dictionary for regulatory activities ( meddra ) .
therefore , elderly individuals should be closely monitored for the occurrence of renal disorder when they are subjected to polypharmacy.
this approach might apply to the simultaneous evaluation of the ae risk of polypharmacy and aging.
bone quality encompasses all the characteristics of bone that , in addition to density , contribute to its resistance to fracture.
in this review , we consider changes in architecture , porosity , and composition , including collagen structure , mineral composition , and crystal size.
these factors all are known to vary with tissue and animal ages , and health status.
bone morphology and presence of microcracks , which also contribute to bone quality , will not be discussed in this review.
correlations with mechanical performance for collagen cross-linking , crystallinity , and carbonate content are contrasted with mineral content.
age-dependent changes in humans and rodents are discussed in relation to rodent models of disease.
examples are osteoporosis , osteomalacia , osteogenesis imperfecta ( oi ) , and osteopetrosis in both humans and animal models.
each of these conditions , along with aging , is associated with increased fracture risk for distinct reasons.
so far , to our knowledge , no large-scale genetic study of dementia with lewy bodies has been done.
pathological samples were ascertained following autopsy in each individual brain bank , whereas clinical samples were collected after participant examination.
there was no specific timeframe for collection of samples.
we did association analyses in all participants with dementia with lewy bodies , and also only in participants with pathological diagnosis.
in the replication stage , we performed genotyping of significant and suggestive results from the discovery stage.
lastly , we did a meta-analysis of both stages under a fixed-effects model and used logistic regression to test for association in each stage.
these data show that common genetic variability has a role in the disease.
funding : the alzheimer's society and the lewy body society.
background : spastic limb paralysis due to injury to a cerebral hemisphere can cause long-term disability.
transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging showed connectivity between the ipsilateral hemisphere and the paralyzed arm.
transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging showed connectivity between the ipsilateral hemisphere and the paralyzed arm.
physiological connectivity developed between the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and the paralyzed hand.
( funded by the national natural science foundation of china and others ; chinese clinical trial registry number , @number@ . ) .
introduction : neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ( hie ) is a devastating neurologic condition with high mortality rates and long-term complications for surviving infants.
mesenchymal stem / stromal cells ( mscs ) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents with promising results in experimental studies of hie.
methods : adhering to the systematic review protocol for animal intervention studies , a systematic search of english articles was performed.
eligible studies were identified and data regarding study characteristics and outcome measures was extracted.
after quality assessment , meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference ( smd ) .
funnel plots and egger's tests were utilized to evaluate for the presence of publication bias.
results : a total of @number@ studies met inclusion in the current systematic review.
meta-analysis revealed that mscs have a significant positive effect on neurobehavioral outcome following hie injury.
stratification demonstrated an increased effect size depending on various study characteristics.
conclusions : overall , these results suggest a promising role for mscs in preclinical studies of hie.
msc treatment demonstrates improved functional outcomes that are encouraging for future translational studies.
while risk of bias and heterogeneity limited the strength of our meta-analysis , our results are consistent with those seen in this field of research.
a multistage cluster sample composed of @number@ individuals representative of @number@ inhabitants of são paulo city aged ≥60 years in @number@ was analyzed.
the participants answered a survey on socio-demographic factors and health , had blood pressure measured and urine and blood samples collected.
gfr was estimated and defined as decreased when < 60 ml / min / 1.73m2.
kidney damage was defined as dipstick-positive hematuria or urinary protein : creatinine > @number@ g / g.
results : the prevalence of gfr < 60 ml / min / 1.73m2 was @percent@.
only @percent@ of the entire studied population had gfr < 60 ml / min / 1.73m2 without simultaneous diseases or kidney damage.
logistic regression showed that older age , cardiovascular disease and hypertension were associated with gfr < 60 ml / min / 1.73m2.
conclusions : decreased gfr was highly prevalent among the geriatric population in a megalopolis of a developing country.
it was rarely present without simultaneous chronic comorbidities or kidney damage.
aedes aegypti is the main vector for yellow fever , dengue , chikungunya and zika viruses.
recent outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya have been reported in kenya.
presence and abundance of this vector is associated with the risk for the occurrence and transmission of these diseases.
sampling was performed using quarterly human landing catches , monthly prokopack automated aspirators and monthly biogents-sentinel traps.
about three times as many ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected in urban than rural sites ( @number@ versus @number@ ) .
comparable numbers were collected in western ( @number@ ) and coastal ( @number@ ) sites.
over @percent@ were collected outdoors through human landing catches and prokopack aspiration.
the probability of exposure to ae. aegypti bites was highest in urban areas , outdoors and in the afternoon hours.
these characteristics have major implications for the possible transmission of arboviral diseases and for the planning of surveillance and control programs.
a lack of antioxidant supply to the core of ever-growing ocular lens could contribute to the cause of this condition.
in this project , a computational model was developed to study the sutural fluid inflow of the aging human lens.
conclusions : here , sutural information from humans of @number@ to @number@ years of age was obtained.
in this modelled age range , an increase of flow rate per volume was observed , albeit at very slow rate.
considering that oa requires long-term treatment , therapies with minimal side effects and which can be repeated as needed are warranted.
this expert opinion reports on the published data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of first and multiple injection series of sinovial®-based product formulations.
quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) was used to investigate age-related changes in trabecular bones of the mandible.
a total of @number@ subjects were enrolled for the validation of qct measurement.
basic information ( age , height and weight ) , and vbmd of the mandible ( middle , body and angle ) were recorded.
comparisons among age and sex groups were analyzed using the mann-whitney test.
linear correlation analysis between vbmd and age was performed.
the mandibular vbmd was twice measured with qct by one operator and resulted highly repeatable ( icc @number@
@number@ p @number@
@number@ ) .
the vbmd in the middle of the mandible was the highest , followed by that in the body and at the angle of mandible.
the mean mandibular vbmd was higher in females than males in each age group ( p less than @number@ ) .
correlation between vbmd and age was statistically significant ( r = 0.15 , p less than @number@ ) .
qct shows high precision for the measurement of bmd in the mandible.
the present study provides normative data of the mandible in an age- and sex-stratified manner , which can be helpful in clinical practice.
background : no studies have estimated disability-adjusted life-years ( dalys ) lost due to hip fractures using real-life follow-up cohort data.
methods : we used data from six cohorts of participants aged @number@ years or older at recruitment to calculate dalys.
we applied disability weights proposed by the national osteoporosis foundation and did a series of sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of daly estimates.
we calculated summary risk estimates across cohorts with pooled analysis and random-effects meta-analysis methods.
findings : @number@ @number@ men and women were followed up for a mean of @number@ years ( sd @number@ ) .
@number@ ( 3·5% ) participants developed an incident hip fracture , of whom @number@ ( 5·3% ) died as a result.
@number@ ( 69·6% ) dalys were attributed to disability.
interpretation : hip fracture can lead to a substantial loss of healthy life-years in elderly people.
national public health policies should be strengthened to reduce hip fracture incidence and mortality.
primary prevention measures should be strengthened to prevent falls , and reduce smoking and a sedentary lifestyle.
funding : european community's seventh framework programme.
due to the aging population , the number of patients treated with aortic grafts or endografts continues to increase.
the hiv-infected population is aging and comorbidities and polypharmacological regimens are increasing.
also , viral failures , due to poor adherence or to other factors , and drug resistance are investigated.
articles which are searchable on medline / pubmed and from the main national / international congresses in the field of hiv therapy are reviewed.
metabolic data suggest some benefit in the lipid profile , improvement in bone mineral density and reduced bone reabsorption.
dscsa and sccsa were previously correlated with subjective walking distance before claudication occurs , aging , and disc degeneration.
dscsa and sccsa have been ideal morphological parameters for evaluating lccss.
however , the comparative value of these parameters is unknown and no studies have evaluated the clinical optimal cut-off values of dscsa and sccsa.
axial t2-weighted mri scans were acquired at the level of facet joint from each subject.
the corresponding average sccsa values were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ mm.
lccss patients had significantly lower dscsa and sccsa ( both p < @number@ ) .
thus , to evaluate lccss patients , pain specialists should more carefully investigate the dscsa than sccsa.
here , we provide snapshots of the evolving microbial-host associations and relations during distinct milestones across the lifespan of a human being.
the incidence of self-reported cognitive failures among older adults may be an index of successful cognitive aging.
however , self-reported cognitive failures are biased by variation in depressive symptomatology.
this study examined age-related and socio-cultural context effects on cognitive failures while controlling for depressive symptoms.
both overall and specific factors of cognitive failures were determined.
a further goal was to investigate the relationship between working memory and cognitive efficiency measures and cognitive failures.
specific factors of cognitive failures were differentially associated with measures of depression and working memory.
while age had no impact on any aspect of cognitive failures , overall and specific dispositions varied between the two populations.
overall , these findings highlight that richer information about cognitive failures may be revealed through the investigation of specific factors of cognitive failures.
background : both motor and non-motor symptoms could contribute to significant deterioration of psychological well-being in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we tested possible relationship between well-being and clinical characteristics including fatigue , depression , sleep disruption and hrqol.
results : @number@ patients completed the pws questionnaire.
only clinically negligible correlations were found between pws and motor scores.
conclusions : non-motor symptoms have a significant impact on psychological well-being in pd patients.
degenerative diseases are becoming more common with increasing life expectancy of the human population.
a significant increase in chronic age-dependent disorders will soon cause important challenges for several countries.
age-related pathologies are commonly seen in elderly patients.
among these , parkinson's , alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases are on the top of the list.
these heterocyclic compounds play an important role in a variety of areas , but stand out in the field of medicinal chemistry.
this review provides an overview of the last five years about the potential of coumarins as modulators of several physiological mechanisms involved in age-related pathologies.
immunosenescence is a series of age-related changes that affect the immune system and , with time , lead to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is the most prevalent neuromuscular disease worldwide.
it is a lethal and progressive neurodegenerative disease , principally affecting motor neurons ; patient clinical characteristics are muscle weakness , dysphagia and respiratory failure.
the cause of als is not known and it is not known yet why it affects some people and not others.
however expert consensus is that molecular alterations in different cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease.
these could be novel biomarkers associated with als risk.
we built an interaction network with cytoscape , this was used to identify pathways , mirna and drugs associated to als.
the most important affected pathway is pi3k-akt signaling.
background / aims : non-toxic fomitopsis is has been traditionally used in folk medicine in many countries for its anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular disease activities.
the present study investigates the antitumor effect of fomitopsis pinicola ( sw.
ex fr. )
karst chloroform extract ( fpkc ) on s180 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo and we determined the underlying mechanisms.
methods : hplc was employed to analyze the constituents of fpkc.
in-vivo tumor inhibition and mice survival time were determined.
mitochondria were suspected to play a vital role in these changes.
in vivo data indicated that fpkc inhibited the solid tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.
moreover , fpkc provoked only little damage on normal cells in vitro and also on normal tissues in vivo.
conclusion : fpkc inhibited s180 tumor cells growth and prolonged the lifespan of mice.
in vitro , we found that fpkc induced s180 tumor cells apoptosis and cell cycle arrest , possibly via the mitochondrial pathway.
background : antiretroviral therapy has increased longevity for people living with hiv ( plwh ) .
as a result , plwh increasingly experience the common diseases of aging and the resources needed to manage these comorbidities are increasing.
costs included both out of pocket costs and those paid by medicare and medicaid.
comorbidities were determined by examining diagnosis codes.
inpatient costs accounted for @percent@ of the total.
about @percent@ of the sample had at least one comorbidity in addition to hiv.
cross-validation showed that adding information on comorbidities to the quantile regression improved the accuracy of predicted individual expenditures.
non-hiv comorbidities relating to health habits-diabetes , hypertension , liver disease ( hepatitis c ) , renal insufficiency-are common among plwh.
cancer was relatively rare , but added significantly to cost.
conclusions : comorbidities are prevalent among plwh and add substantially to treatment costs for plwh.
objective : to examine the prospective relation between animal companionship and biomarkers of ageing in older people.
design : analyses of data from the english longitudinal study of ageing , an ongoing , open , prospective cohort study initiated in @date@ .
setting : nationally representative study from england.
objective : to study the relation between rainfall and outpatient visits for joint or back pain in a large patient population.
design : observational study.
setting : us medicare insurance claims data linked to rainfall data from us weather stations.
participants : @number@ @number@ @number@ adults aged ≥65 years attending a total of @number@ @number@ @number@ outpatient visits with a general internist during @date@ .
results : of the @number@ @number@ @number@ outpatient visits by medicare beneficiaries , @number@ @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) occurred on rainy days.
four mutations in the cisd2 gene have been reported.
@number@'-race coupled with rt-pcr were used to analyse the effect of the c.103 + 1g > a mutation on mrna splicing.
western blot analysis was used to analyse the consequences of the cisd2 mutation on the encoded protein.
the affected mrnas resulted in either predicted targets for nonsense mrna decay ( nmd ) or non-functional isoforms.
follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) is critical for ovarian folliculogenesis and essential for female fertility.
fsh binds to fsh receptors ( fshrs ) and regulates estrogen production in ovarian granulosa cells to orchestrate female reproductive physiology.
methods : a walking version of the trail making test ( walking executive function task , [ weft ] ) was used.
they received two training sessions ( session 1 : eight repetitions , session 2 : four repetitions ) , with a one week-interval between them.
the timed up and go ( tug ) test was performed before and after the training.
results : volunteers with an average education showed longer times on the weft than those with a higher education.
older adults showed lower retention than middle-aged adults ( p < @number@ ) .
the tug was faster after the weft training ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the impact of education was observed when locomotion was associated with cognitive tasks.
average education resulted in poorer performance and learning than higher education , mainly in older adults.
gait speed increased after training.
the ravlt learning and delayed recall scores also correlated with the hippocampal part of the cingulum bilaterally.
this finding opens opportunities to study potential targets for memory decline prevention in vulnerable populations.
while aging is associated with increased knowledge , it is also associated with decreased semantic integration.
moreover , when accounting for global gray matter volume reduction , the age-cloze correlation in the left mfg and right ifg was absent.
the results suggest that brain structural atrophy may disrupt brain response in aging brains , which then show less brain engagement in semantic integration.
background : regular fish and omega-3 consumption may have several health benefits and are recommended by major dietary guidelines.
yet , their intakes remain remarkably variable both within and across populations , which could partly owe to genetic influences.
objective : to identify common genetic variants that influence fish and dietary eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ( epa + dha ) consumption.
additionally , heritability was estimated in @number@ cohorts.
results : heritability estimates for fish and epa + dha consumption ranged from @number@ @date@ and @number@ @date@ , respectively.
post-hoc calculations demonstrated @percent@ statistical power to detect a genetic variant associated with effect size of @percent@ for fish and @percent@ for epa + dha.
genes underlying the signal at rs72838923 and mechanisms for the association warrant further investigation.
social work education plays a critical role in preparing social workers to lead efforts that improve health.
the charged fos were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding.
since its discovery over two decades ago , the importance of this pathway in cell proteostasis has been made increasingly apparent.
here , we describe the main molecular features of the pathway , its regulation , cross-talk with other degradation pathways and importance in disease.
sirt6 is an epigenetic modification enzyme that regulates gene transcription through its deacetylase activity.
therefore , sirt6 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorder and age-related diseases.
here , we report that sirt6 deacetylates lysine @number@ of p53 in short synthetic peptide sequence and in full length p53.
detailed kinetic analysis revealed that tsa competes with the peptide substrate for inhibition , and this inhibition is unique to sirt6 in the sirtuin family.
these sources of support will be increasingly inadequate as the population ages.
methods : descriptive analyses of the national health and aging trends study ( nhats ) , @number@
findings and conclusions : medicare beneficiaries needing ltss rely predominantly on unpaid care.
hours of unpaid care are not substantially lower when paid care is also received.
background : low-molecular-weight heparin is the standard treatment for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism.
the role of treatment with direct oral anticoagulant agents is unclear.
treatment was given for at least @number@ months and up to @number@ months.
the primary outcome was a composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding during the @number@ months after randomization , regardless of treatment duration.
results : of the @number@ patients who underwent randomization , @number@ were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis.
conclusions : oral edoxaban was noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin with respect to the composite outcome of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding.
the rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism was lower but the rate of major bleeding was higher with edoxaban than with dalteparin.
( funded by daiichi sankyo ; hokusai vte cancer clinicaltrials.gov number , nct02073682 . ) .
purpose : growing evidence suggests the involvement of the macula even in early stages of glaucoma.
however , little is known about the impact of glaucomatous macular damage on central pattern vision.
here we examine the contrast requirement for letter recognition and its relationship with retinal thickness in the macular region.
compared to normal young adults , older adults showed a significant increase in letter-recognition contrast thresholds and a significant decrease in rgc + layer thickness.
the number of total joint replacements , for example , is two times more than it was @number@ years ago.
to prevent geriatric or disuse syndrome , joa is currently providing the care prevention programs such as the loco-check and loco-training.
these new technologies and knowledge are changing or have potential to change the future orthopedic medical care.
it is reported to have various biological actions such as anti-oxidative , anti-inflammatory , and anti-cancer effects.
however , the molecular mechanism of osteoblast differentiation by curcumin has not yet been reported.
main methods : the cytotoxicity of curcumin was identified using the 3- ( @number@ , 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl ) -2 , 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( mtt ) assay.
alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) staining was performed to assess alp activity in c3h10t1 / 2 cells.
transcriptional activity was detected using a luciferase reporter assay.
in addition , alp activity and mineralization was found to be increased by curcumin treatment.
curcumin also induced mild er stress similar to bone morphogenetic protein @number@ ( bmp2 ) function in osteoblast cells.
next , we confirmed that curcumin increased mild er stress and osteoblast differentiation similar to bmp2 in c3h10t1 / 2 mesenchymal stem cells.
transient transfection studies also showed that curcumin increased atf6-luc activity , while decreasing the activities of crebh-luc and smile-luc.
in addition , similar to bmp2 , curcumin induced the phosphorylation of smad @date@ .
significance : overall , these results demonstrate that curcumin-induced mild er stress increases osteoblast differentiation via atf6 expression in c3h10t1 / 2 cells.
it is well known that the number of dividing cells in an organism decreases with age.
this can be a cause for the development of many age-related diseases and appearance of phenotypic and physiological signs of aging.
special attention is given to methodological aspects of determination of activity of poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerases ( parps ) .
apparently , the cell has additional regulatory systems that limit its own capability of reacting to dna damage.
special attention is given to the influence of the cell proliferative status on parp activity.
moreover , data obtained in different models of cellular aging are compared.
background : adverse aortic remodeling , such as dilation , is associated with multiple cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk factors.
adverse events comprised cvd death , myocardial infarction , coronary insufficiency , index admission for heart failure , and stroke.
over a mean @number@.8±2.0 years of follow-up , there were @number@ incident adverse cvd events.
enlarged ascending thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aorta were not significantly associated with cvd events.
in addition , the increasing use of new immune modulating drugs in cancer therapy has opened an entirely new spectrum of at risk periods.
this update assesses the impact of this additional evidence and effective revisions.
posaconazole iv can be used when the oral route is contraindicated or not feasible.
despite substantial risk of ifi , we cannot provide a stronger recommendation for these patients.
there is poor evidence regarding voriconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia ( cii ) .
recent advances have focused on how pufa regulate the molecular signaling of microglia , especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior.
several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain.
brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics.
the accumulation and aggregation of phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain are the hallmarks for the onset of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
using the fly model for tauopathy / ad , we investigated the effects of an exposure to dim light at night on ad symptoms.
we used a light intensity of @number@ lux , which is considered the lower limit of light pollution in many countries.
the results indicate that the nighttime exposure of tauopathy / ad model drosophila flies to dim light disrupted cr and sleep-wake behavior and promoted neurodegeneration.
accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) in the brain is an initiating step in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset ad.
apoe4 , but not apoe3 , significantly increased brain aβ half-life measured by in vivo microdialysis.
furthermore , apoe4 expression increased whereas apoe3 reduced amyloid-related gliosis in the mouse brains.
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset alzheimer disease.
previous studies suggest that reduction of apoe levels through genetic manipulation can reduce aβ pathology.
however , it is not clear how reduction of apoe levels after birth would affect amyloid deposition.
aso treatment starting after birth led to a significant decrease in aβ pathology when assessed at @number@ months.
here , we present a method for cataloging mutations in individual human ascs without the necessity of using error-prone whole-genome amplification.
single ascs are expanded in vitro into clonal organoid cultures to generate sufficient dna for accurate whole-genome sequencing ( wgs ) analysis.
we developed a data-analysis pipeline that identifies with high confidence somatic variants that accumulated in vivo in the original asc.
these genome-wide mutation catalogs are valuable resources for the characterization of the underlying mutational mechanisms.
in addition , this protocol can be used to determine the effects of culture conditions or mutagen exposure on mutation accumulation in ascs in vitro.
few studies have investigated what factors influence different levels of prescribing of these agents.
objectives : the primary objective was to identify factors associated with low- and high-level anticholinergic burden in nursing home residents.
anticholinergic burden was defined using the anticholinergic cognitive burden ( acb ) scale.
results : overall , @percent@ of subjects had a high anticholinergic burden and @percent@ had a low burden.
high burden was most often ( @percent@ ) due to one highly anticholinergic medication rather than a cumulative effect.
older age was associated with decreased odds of high anticholinergic burden.
urinary incontinence and prior year specialist visit were associated with increased odds of high anticholinergic burden.
severe and nonsevere dementia were associated with decreased odds of low burden but increased odds of high burden.
conclusion : almost two-thirds of nursing home patients have some degree of anticholinergic burden.
several medical need variables are significantly associated with increased risk for low and high anticholinergic burden.
interventions should be developed to optimize prescribing for residents at increased risk of receiving medications with anticholinergic properties.
future study is needed to evaluate the difference in the risk of adverse outcomes associated with various levels of anticholinergic burden.
gout is common in the elderly , affecting an estimated @number@ million people aged > @number@ years in the usa alone.
the incidence and prevalence of gout increases , and male predisposition to gout reduces , with increasing age.
comorbidities and polypharmacy make the management of gout flares challenging in this population.
xanthine oxidase inhibitors ( xoi ) remain the first-line treatment for hyperuricemia in the elderly.
arhalofenate , an emerging uricosuric anti-inflammatory drug , prevents gout flares while reducing serum urate.
diuretics and beta-blockers should be discontinued where feasible , whereas low-dose aspirin can be continued if otherwise indicated.
objective : to investigate the association of frailty syndrome with socioeconomic and health variables among older adults.
methods : this is a cross-sectional , observational and analytical household research conducted with a sample of @number@ urban elderly.
we used : semi-structured questionnaire , scales ( katz , lawton and shortened version of geriatric depression scale ) and fragility phenotype proposed by fried.
conclusion : the conditions of pre-frailty and frailty levels were elevated with negative effects on the health of the elderly.
objectives : to assess factors predisposing to severe chemotherapy-related toxicity and adverse events ( aes ) and dose modification in aging cancer patients.
methods : cancer patients aged ≥70 years scheduled to receive the first cycle of a new chemotherapy regimen were enrolled.
on the day of starting chemotherapy , demographic data , performance status ( ps ) , and geriatric parameters were recorded.
aes and chemotherapy modification were recorded.
quality of life ( qol ) was assessed at baseline and @number@ months after starting chemotherapy or at the end of chemotherapy.
all-grade and severe aes occurred in @number@ and @percent@ of patients , respectively ; @percent@ of patients required chemotherapy modification due to toxicities.
patients with ps @number@ or who received palliative-intent chemotherapy or had multiple comorbidities were more likely to discontinue chemotherapy because of toxicity.
conclusions : ps remains a key predictor of chemotherapy-related toxicity in elderly patients.
ps @number@ was correlated with higher incidence of severe aes , premature treatment discontinuation , and worsening qol after treatment.
background : there has an increasing number of published trials on psychosocial intervention programmes for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) .
methods : we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.
we included rcts targeting children with asd @number@ years old or younger.
a random effects model was used to present the effect estimate for the outcomes.
this study also performed combined meta-analyses of all the three models to investigate the overall effectiveness of the intervention programmes.
results : @number@ randomized controlled studies were found to be eligible for inclusion.
the synthesized data included @number@ children from @number@ rcts.
trial registration : prospero crd42011001349.
according to the american society for aesthetic plastic surgery ( ) , the number of nonsurgical treatments grew @percent@ from @number@ to @number@
design : we performed randomized , blinded n-of-1 trials with two 3-week um-pea versus placebo comparisons , separated by 2-week washout periods.
participants : the study included outpatients aged ≥ @number@ years with chronic , non-cancer , non-ischemic pain in the back , joints , or limbs.
intervention : patients were randomized to um-pea @number@ mg or placebo twice daily.
measurements : pain intensity was measured using an 11-point visual numeric scale.
functional impairment was measured using a back pain functional scale.
impact of each n-of-1 trial was measured on the clinician's intention to treat and confidence.
results : ten of @number@ eligible patients consented over @number@ months [ all female , mean age @number@ years ( sd @number@ ) ] .
three patients interrupted the trial : one had diarrhea ( under placebo ) , one for low adherence , and one for intercurrent pneumonia.
a statistically significant impact on function was found in one patient.
conclusions : our experience confirmed that n-of-1 trials may help make personalized evidence-based decisions in complex older patients , with special feasibility considerations.
clinicaltrials.gov : nct02699281.
sustained proliferative signaling and de-regulated cellular bioenergetics are two of the chief hallmarks of cancer.
alterations in the ras pathway and its downstream effectors are among the major drivers for uncontrolled cell growth in many cancers.
the gtpases are one of the signaling molecules that activate crucial signal transducing pathways downstream of ras through several effector proteins.
similarly , the altered glycolytic pathway , the so-called ' warburg effect' , rewires tumor cell metabolism to support the biosynthetic requirements of uncontrolled proliferation.
there exists strong evidence for the critical role of the glycolytic pathway's rate limiting enzymes in promoting immunosuppression.
few methods of estimating age using the skeleton , especially cranial suture , have been tested on thais.
the mann method approached @percent@ in predicting age in older males , but the method did not fare as well on thai females.
the results confirm inter-population variation does exist.
additionally , differences in age composition between populations used to develop the methods and thais may lead to an increase in error.
this study indicates that these three aging methods should be used in conjunction with other techniques.
further research which develops specific methods for thais might give better results for age estimation.
we investigated how work-related biomechanical exposure and job strain in midlife separately and jointly predicted back and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases ( msds ) .
risk ratios and the relative excessive risk due to interaction and @percent@ confidence intervals were modeled for separate and joint prediction estimates , respectively.
after adjustment for confounders , job strain predicted degenerative msds among women after @number@ and @number@ years of follow-up.
after @number@ years , both exposures predicted both types of msds among men.
however , after @number@ years , the separate and joint exposures did not predict msds.
this article reports the findings of an exploratory study examining service provider perceptions and experiences of addressing sexuality and intimacy with women spousal caregivers.
the caregiver-provider encounter is examined , and challenges faced by service providers in addressing sexuality are considered.
strategies to overcome silence and invisibility on the part of service providers in the health and social services system are considered.
background : the incidence of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis ( pvo ) has increased over the past two decades.
one possible cause of this increase is the aging of the population , which results in more comorbidities in high income countries.
objective : to better characterize the clinical presentation and outcome of pvo in the elderly.
participants : our analysis included @number@ patients among whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were 75-years-old or more.
results : there were no significant differences in the socio-demographics of the patients.
associated infective endocarditis ( ie ) was more frequent in the older group ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : during pvo , the clinical and radiological findings are similar in older patients.
methods : myoelectric signals from postural muscles and stabilometric data were collected from @number@ non-pregnant and @number@ pregnant women during upright quiet standing.
a correlation analysis was performed between the measured variables and a low-back pain disability index.
results : pregnant women exhibited a decreased maximum voluntary isometric activity for all postural muscles evaluated.
additionally , the activity of lumbar muscles during the postural task was significantly higher in the pregnant women in comparison to the non-pregnant controls.
the soleus muscle maintained its activity at the same level as the gestation progressed.
higher postural oscillations were observed in the anteroposterior direction while mediolateral sway was reduced in the third trimester of pregnancy.
no correlation was detected between the lowback pain disability index and neuromechanical variables.
conclusion : this study provides additional data regarding the functioning and adaptations of the postural control system during pregnancy.
also , we provide further evidence that postural control during quiet standing cannot be used to predict the occurrence of low-back pain.
their age ranged from @number@ to @number@ years with a mean ( sd ) of @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
muscle force values from upper limb muscles were measured using the microfet @number@ hand-held dynamometer.
moreover , we made the coefficients correlation for differences in muscular force versus the rivermead motor assessment ( rma ) arm section.
results : strength of ( a ) upper limb in comparison to ( non-a ) was @percent@ weaker.
no significant correlations were found between muscle strength results and rma or age.
conclusions : muscle force of ( a ) upper limb after stroke demonstrates a @percent@ decrease.
men show more significant decrease than women ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
functional assessment in rma values shows the better results in women ( @number@ ± @number@ ) than men ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
genes have been recognized underlying memory disorders and longevity.
most of the cases exhibit a mixed form.
as the options of prevention of arterial diseases are well known , this will also provide possibilities for extensive prevention of memory diseases.
central measures include physical activity , a healthy diet and intervention in risk factors - early enough , of course.
what is good for the heart is generally good for the brain as well.
we aimed to generate cognitive charts for use in clinical practice for longitudinal evaluation of age-associated cognitive decline.
based on this model , we generated cognitive charts designed to optimize accuracy for distinguishing participants with dementia from healthy controls.
we validated our model using a separate data set of @number@ participants from the national alzheimer's coordinating center's uniform data set.
similar sensitivities and specificities were observed for a decline over time greater than @number@ percentile zone from the first measurement.
results in the validation sample were comparable , albeit with lower sensitivities.
negative predictive value was @percent@.
similar to growth curves used in pediatrics , cognitive charts allow longitudinal cognitive evaluation and enable prompt initiation of investigation and treatment when appropriate.
however , the relationship between these two pathways and their correlation to cognitive performance needs to be scrutinized.
regulators of the tau pathway were impacted by the absence of tau , but no additional change was imparted by pb exposure.
these results revealed that developmental pb exposure does not cause cognitive decline or change the expression of the amyloid pathway in the absence of tau.
the essentiality of tau to mediate cognitive decline by environmental perturbations needs further investigation.
objective : to test the hypothesis that women with unexplained infertility demonstrate evidence of diminished ovarian reserve when compared with a population of community controls.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : multicenter university-based clinical practices.
controls included @number@ healthy , normo-ovulatory women not seeking treatment for fertility from a community-based cohort ( ovarian aging study ) .
main outcome measure ( s ) : average amh , afc , and amh / afc were compared between infertile and control women by age.
ovarian reserve markers in isolation may not serve as predictors of future fertility.
underactive bladder ( uab ) is a common cause of lower urinary tract dysfunction which has an increasing incidence with aging.
it is characterized as an incompetent detrusor contraction with reduced strength and / or duration to completely empty the bladder.
uab is observed in both men and women.
areas covered : we reviewed the current understanding of uab with special focus on pharmacological treatments and potential pharmacotherapy options particularly in neurological conditions.
also , the definition , etiology , symptoms , diagnosis and management of uab were discussed in this review.
expert commentary : the underlying mechanism of uab is not clear yet.
therefore ; the lack of efficient pharmacotherapies is evident in such patients.
prior to any decision for pharmacological or surgical interventions , the underlying causes of uab and detrusor impairment in each patient should be distinguished.
future researches need to address the exact dynamics of detrusor contraction and the muscular and neurological contributors to uab.
approximately @number@ people suffer cardiopulmonary arrest in japan every year , and the aging of society means that this number is expected to increase.
worldwide , approximately @number@ million develop cardiac arrest annually , making it an international issue.
background : chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ( cipn ) is the most common neurological and clinically relevant side effect of many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents.
moreover , little effort has been done to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of specific exercises to counteract the cipn symptoms.
literature survey : specific terms were identified for the literature research in medline , scopus , bandolier , pedro , and web of science.
methodology : five manuscripts were considered eligible for this review.
quality appraisal distinguished two studies as high quality investigations while three with low quality.
synthesis : significant improvements were detected on postural control.
additionally , patients ' quality of life and independence were found ameliorated after exercise sessions.
combined exercise protocols including endurance , strength and sensorimotor training showed larger improvements.
conclusions : this systematic review comes from a highly selected but small source of data.
epigenetic changes may alter the expression of genes involved in bp regulation and explain part of the missing heritability.
the influence on cell-in-cell formation was likely dictated by specific liposome components as some liposomes affected cell-in-cell formation while some others didn't.
together , our findings supporting a role of membrane lipids and cholesterol in cell-in-cell formation probably via regulating actomyosin contraction.
quality was assessed using the joanna briggs institute checklists.
and the evidence for policy and practice information and co-ordinating centre ( eppi-centre ) three-stage approach to mixed method research was used to synthesise data.
results : twenty-two studies were included.
a definition of hmps or what was considered an hmp was frequently missing.
prevalence of concurrent use by older adults varied widely between @number@ and @percent@.
potential risks of bleeding due to the use of ginkgo biloba , garlic or ginseng with aspirin or warfarin was the most reported herb-drug interaction.
some data suggest being female , and having a lower household income and less than a high-school education were associated with concurrent use.
conclusion : the prevalence of concurrent prescription drugs and hmp use among older adults is substantial and potential interactions have been reported.
knowledge of the extent and manner in which older adults combine prescription drugs will aid healthcare professionals in appropriately identifying and managing patients at risk.
systematic review registration number : prospero 2014 : crd42014009091.
the end of the year can trigger the recognition that aging adults are no longer as independent as they once were.
psychiatric nurses and other mental health professionals may see an increase in older adults being referred for treatment.
[ journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services , 55 ( @number@ ) , 7-10. ] .
significance : this article is the first to investigate the nature of medication cost discussions between ophthalmologists and glaucoma patients.
only @number@ of the @number@ office visits analyzed had a discussion of medication cost.
providers should consider discussing medication cost with patients to identify potential cost-related barriers to medication use.
purpose : glaucoma is an incurable chronic eye disease affecting a growing portion of the aging population.
some of the most commonly utilized treatments require lifelong use , requiring high patient adherence to ensure effectiveness.
there are numerous barriers to glaucoma treatment adherence in the literature , including cost.
the aim of this secondary analysis was to describe the frequency and nature of patient-physician communication regarding medication cost during glaucoma office visits.
we analyzed medical information , demographic characteristics , and interviewer-administrated questionnaires , as well as verbatim transcripts of interviews.
results : only @number@ participants discussed medication cost during their glaucoma office visit.
the majority of glaucoma office visits did not discuss medication cost , and providers often did not ask about cost problems.
conclusions : our findings are similar to previous studies showing few patients have conversations with providers about the cost of glaucoma medications.
providers should consider bringing up medication cost during glaucoma office visits to prompt a discussion of potential cost-related barriers to medication use.
falls are the leading cause of emergency department ( ed ) visits for fatal and non-fatal injuries among adults @number@ years old and older.
this cross-sectional study included older adults without cognitive impairment presenting to the rhode island hospital ed from february to @date@ .
participants with vs. without self-reported prior falls were similar in age , gender , race , and substance use.
participants with prior falls scored lower on cognitive testing and had more comorbidities associated with falls.
only one quarter of those with prior falls reported making changes and few were evaluated by professionals to prevent future falls.
[ full article available at @url@
periodontal disease is caused by dental plaque biofilms.
fusobacterium nucleatum is an important periodontal pathogen involved in the development of bacterial complexity in dental plaque biofilms.
the frequency and severity of periodontal diseases is known to increase in elderly subjects.
further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
conventional storage of blood-derived fractions relies on cold.
for this validation we stored encapsulated samples either at ambient temperature or at several elevated temperatures to accelerate aging.
we found that dna extracted from stored samples was of good quality with a yield of extraction as expected.
degradation rates were estimated from the average fragment size of denatured dna run on agarose gels and from qpcr reactions.
at last , qpcr experiments demonstrated the compatibility of extracted dna with routine dna downstream analyses.
both recovery time of post-exercise muscle oxygenation and muscle strength decline with aging.
although beetroot consumption has been shown to improve muscle oxygenation and exercise performance in adults , these effects in the elderly has not been addressed.
the muscle oxygenation parameters and thb were continuously monitored by using near-infrared spectroscopy.
mvc was evaluated at baseline , immediately after exercise , and @number@ min afterwards.
after 6-months , the participants were re-randomized to moderate intense physical activity ( pa + ) or non-physical activity ( pa- ) .
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) was used to quantify changes of imtg , abdominal sub-depots , hepatic and intermuscular fats.
conclusions : lifestyle strategies differentially affect imtg accumulation ; combination of exercise with decreased carbohydrate / increased unsaturated fat proportion intake greatly increase imtg.
our findings suggest that increased imtg during diet-induced moderate weight loss may not be directly related to cardiometabolic risk.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01530724.
we performed secondary analysis using data from a case-control study conducted at dhaka community hospital , bangladesh between april and november of @number@
cases and controls included children with and without myelomeningocele , respectively , and their mothers.
cases were identified from local hospitals and rural health clinics served by dhaka community hospital.
myelomeningocele in the offspring was confirmed by a pediatrician with expertise in classifying neural tube defects.
maternal prenatal folic acid supplement intake was the main exposure of interest.
we estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios ( or ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) using conditional logistic regression analysis.
there were @number@ pairs of matched cases and controls in our study.
overall , @percent@ of case mothers reported using folic acid supplements during pregnancy compared to @percent@ of control mothers ( p = @number@ ) .
our study confirms the protective association between maternal prenatal folic acid supplement use and myelomeningocele among children born in bangladesh.
our findings point to an overall low folic acid supplement use and low plasma folate concentrations among women of reproductive age in bangladesh.
background : with the worldwide growing aging population , the high prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
healthcare costs for treating fractures and subsequent complications will increase to $ 25 billion by @number@
model cases illustrated real-life examples of the npfl role.
conclusion : the impact of npfl role is rather novel in promoting healthy bone living at local , national , and international communities.
materials and methods : the effects of hct on cell death were determined using the mtt assay.
hoechst @number@ staining was conducted to confirm the detection of cell apoptosis.
caspase-3 and caspase-8 mrna and cleaved protein levels were investigated by rt-pcr and western blotting , respectively.
the release of high mobility group box @number@ ( hmgb1 ) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( mapk ) were determined by elisa.
results : caspase-3 and caspase-8 specific inhibitors suppressed hct-induced cell death.
hct increased caspase-3 and caspase-8 mrna , protein levels , and caspase activities in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
hct induced mapk phosphorylation in a time-dependent fashion.
pretreatment of cells with a selective inhibitor of p38 mapk reduced apoptosis and reversed the levels of hmgb1 release in response to hct treatment.
conclusion : hct induces a375 programmed cell death by activating the caspase-dependent pathway and by p38 phosphorylation associated with hmgb1 reduction.
objectives : the objective of this paper is to assess associations between sso events and rates of gastrointestinal ( gi ) illness in massachusetts.
a time-stratified bidirectional design was used to select control days for each er visit on the same day of the week during the same month.
fixed effect logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of er visits following the sso event.
conclusions : we demonstrated an association between sso events and er visits for gi illness using a case-crossover study design.
misfolded protein in the amygdala is a neuropathologic feature of alzheimer disease and many other neurodegenerative disorders.
we examined extracts from human amygdala ( snap-frozen at autopsy ) to investigate whether novel and as yet uncharacterized misfolded proteins would be detectable.
polypeptides from the detergent-insoluble , urea-soluble protein fractions of amygdala were interrogated using liquid ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
among the detergent-insoluble proteins identified in amygdala of demented subjects but not controls were tau , tdp-43 , aβ , α-synuclein , and apoe.
double-label immunofluorescence revealed that ftl and phospho-prkdc immunoreactivity colocalized partially with tdp-43 and / or tau inclusion bodies.
western blots showed high-molecular weight \ "smears \ " , particularly for nnt and prkdc.
a preliminary genetic association study indicated that rare nnt , tnik , and prkdc gene variants had nominally significant association with alzheimer-type dementia risk.
in summary , novel detergent-insoluble proteins , with evidence of proteinaceous deposits , were found in amygdalae of elderly , cognitively impaired subjects.
over the course of most common neurodegenerative diseases the amygdala accumulates pathologically misfolded proteins.
misfolding of @number@ protein in aged brains often is accompanied by the misfolding of other proteins , suggesting synergistic mechanisms.
immunohistochemical staining of amygdalae for aβ , tau , α-synuclein , and tdp-43 highlight the often-coexisting pathologies.
free radicals are unstable chemical species , highly reactive , being formed by cellular entities of different tissues.
it is recognized that a breadth of product performance tests should be explored to truly identify the effectiveness of antioxidant products for an anti-aging effect.
the tretinoin peel , also known as retinoic acid peel , is a superficial peeling often performed in dermatological clinics in brazil.
the first study on this was published in @number@ by cuce et al. , as a treatment option for melasma.
since then , other studies have reported its applicability with reasonable methodology , although without a consistent scientific background and consensus.
topical tretinoin is used for the treatment of various dermatoses such as acne , melasma , scars , skin aging and non-melanoma skin cancer.
the identification of retinoids cellular receptors was reported in @number@ but a direct cause-effect relation has not been established.
this article reviews studies evaluating the use of topical tretinoin as agent for superficial chemical peel.
most of them have shown benefits in the treatment of melasma and skin aging.
these molecules are immediately neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in a physiological and dynamic balance.
in this paper , we examined the age-related changes in control of preprogramed movement , with emphasis on its accuracy.
we asked the subjects to perform step-tracking movements of the wrist joint with a manipulandum , and recorded the movements.
these results suggest that young subjects have better control of preprogramed movement than middle-age or elderly subjects.
finally , we examined the temporal property of the primary submovement and its age-related changes.
the duration of the primary submovement tended to be longer for the aged groups , although significance was reached only for the elderly group.
many of the differences amplified in protein data were reflective of cytoarchitectural and functional variation between brain regions.
the valuation of food is a fundamental component of our decision-making.
yet little is known about how value signals for food and other rewards are constructed by the brain.
these findings provide a mechanistic account for the construction of food value from its constituent nutrients.
ic may also be utilized in the diagnosis of other ocular diseases , such as keratoconus and thyroid orbitopathy.
these are assessed in relation to the measurement of the patient's muscle strength , walking speed and balance.
increased life expectancy , ageing and the accumulation of chronic pathologies leads to a certain functional dependence.
the term ' frailty ' is used to refer to the state of ' predependence ' in elderly people.
it is therefore important to detect and prevent frailty and provide frail elderly people with the adapted care.
training caregivers to recognise signs of frailty is essential.
background : depression in tuberculosis increases the risk for adverse health outcomes.
however , little is known about comorbid depression and tuberculosis in the general population.
methods : cross-sectional , community-based data from the world health survey on @number@ individuals aged ≥ @number@ years were analyzed.
health status across six domains ( cognition , interpersonal activities , sleep / energy , self-care , mobility , pain / discomfort ) was assessed.
multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations.
results : the prevalence of depressive episode among those with and without tuberculosis was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
depressive episode co-occurring with tuberculosis was associated with significantly worse health status across all six domains compared to tuberculosis alone.
interaction analysis showed that depression significantly amplifies the association between tb and difficulties in self-care but not in other health domains.
conclusions : depression is highly prevalent in adults with tuberculosis , and is associated with worse health status compared to tuberculosis without depression.
public health efforts directed to the recognition and management of depression in people with tuberculosis may lead to better outcomes.
senescent cells accumulate in tissues of aged animals and deteriorate tissue functions.
the elimination of senescent cells from aged mice not only attenuates progression of already established age-related disorders , but also extends median lifespan.
p-selectin membrane expression was evaluated using monoclonal antibodies.
results : the platelet response to adenosine diphosphate @number@ µμ and @number@ µμ at t0 were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @percent@ , respectively.
no significant difference in platelet aggregation values were noted between t1 and t2 , while similar aggregation values were recorded at t3.
these results may be of relevance in subjects at increased thrombotic risk prior to a surgical procedure carrying a high-bleeding risk.
background : the importance of optimising medicines management for people with dementia has been emphasised through research and policy.
however , evidence is currently lacking regarding how to achieve this in this patient population.
methods : a systematic literature search was conducted in @date@ across six electronic databases and three trial registries.
an assessment of quality was conducted for all studies , using the cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias.
all outcomes were considered using a narrative approach.
results : overall , @number@ articles were identified , with three studies eligible for inclusion ( n = @number@ participants ) .
the studies were heterogeneous both in terms of intervention components , setting , and outcomes used.
aspects of medicines management targeted included medication review , adherence , and administration.
improvements in psychotropic prescribing were observed ; however , the interventions had limited effects on other outcomes such as wellbeing , falls and dementia severity.
conclusion : this review highlights the limited number of studies examining medicines management interventions for people with dementia.
of the work that has been conducted to date , emphasis has been placed on psychotropic drug use.
future research must target community-dwelling dementia patients and take a holistic approach to medicines management.
as an extension of the brain , the spinal cord has unique properties which could allow us to gain a better understanding of cns pathology.
the brain and cord share the same cellular components , yet the latter is simpler in cytoarchitecture and connectivity.
here we report a spatial-temporal map of plaque load in 5xfad mouse spinal cord.
we found that plaques started to appear at @number@ weeks , then exhibited a time dependent increase and differential distribution along the cord.
more plaques were found in cervical than other spinal levels at all time points examined.
despite heavy plaque load at @number@ months , the number of cervical motor neurons in 5xfad mice is comparable to wild type littermates.
on detailed microscopic examination , fine beta amyloid-containing and beta sheet-rich thread-like structures were found in the peri-axonal space of many axons.
additionally , we were able to demonstrate increasing myelinopathy in aged 5xfad mouse spinal cord using the lipid probe nile red with high resolution.
osteoporosis leads to hip fractures in aging populations and is diagnosed by modern medical imaging techniques such as quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) .
hip fracture sites involve trabecular bone , whose strength is determined by volume fraction and orientation , known as fabric.
however , bone fabric cannot be reliably assessed in clinical qct images of proximal femur.
furthermore , no comprehensive analysis on the critical components of this methodology has been previously conducted.
second , we analyzed different tensor mapping schemes for bone fabric prediction : identity , rotation-only , rotation and stretch tensor.
third , we investigated the use of a population average fabric atlas.
a leave one out ( loo ) evaluation study was performed with a dual qct and hr-pqct database of @number@ pairs of human femora.
the population average fabric atlas yielded substantially higher errors than the mtp with the cr mapping scheme.
accounting for sex did not bring any significant improvements.
with increasing age cognitive performance slows down.
this includes cognitive processes essential for motor performance.
additionally , performance of motor tasks becomes less accurate.
the objective of the present study was to identify general neural correlates underlying age-related behavioral slowing and the reduction in motor task accuracy.
this post-movement β amplitude was significantly reduced in older subjects.
our results show that only post-movement β amplitude and not δ-θ phase locking is involved in the control of movement accuracy.
one strategy to reduce the effect of oxidative stress produced by environmental exposure is the application of antioxidant molecules.
among the endogenous antioxidants , selenoproteins play a key role in antioxidant defense and in maintaining a reduced cellular environment.
selenium protects keratinocyte stem cells ( kscs ) against senescence via preservation of their stemness phenotype through adhesion to the basement membrane.
additionally , selenium supplementation maintains the homeostasis of skin during chronological aging in our senescent skin equivalent model.
controlled supplementation with selenium could be a new strategy to protect skin against aging.
cellular senescence is a cell fate program that entails essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in response to damage signals.
however , downstream signaling pathways linking tnfα-related inflammation to senescence are not fully characterized.
by gene expression profiling , we identified the crucial involvement of inflammatory and jak / stat pathways in tnfα-mediated senescence.
we found that tnfα activates a stat-dependent autocrine loop that sustains cytokine secretion and an interferon signature to lock cells into senescence.
furthermore , we show stat1 / 3 activation is necessary for cytokine and ros production during tnfα-induced senescence.
the population of patients with osteoporosis and diabetes is increasing as the aging population increases.
loss of bone mineral density occurs in patients with diabetes , but is not always a priority in the practice setting.
the aim of this review is to discuss clinical considerations when managing osteoporosis in patients with diabetes.
areas covered : the pathophysiology of decreased bone mineral density in patients with diabetes is discussed.
expert opinion : even though diabetes is an important risk factor for osteoporosis , assessing bone health in diabetic patients is often overlooked.
ensuring adequate prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis is vitally important with our diabetic patients as the population ages.
t-scores and frax scores likely underrepresent a diabetic patients risk for fracture , and this should be taken into consideration in treatment decisions.
future studies are needed to determine optimal pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia in this population.
the psychological present is a diverse psychological phenomenon , including the perception and evaluation of time , which has been studied from different perspectives.
the experience of the psychological present is known to differ according to psychological state and cognitive processes , such as attention.
neuropsychological studies focused on brain-damaged patients have explored several aspects of the present , but few studies have examined the subjective aspect of the phenomenon.
objective : the aim of this study was to determine the risk of cancer among elderly ibd patients compared with younger ibd patients.
additionally , the absolute risk of malignancy and factors contributing to it were evaluated , and therapeutic patterns among the elderly were assessed.
data from the other two surveys confirmed the age pattern for stress.
regressions with the gallup-healthways data statistically controlled several third-variables , yet none substantially altered the pattern.
additionally , in the second wave , we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life.
results : the response rate of the first wave was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
in the second wave , @number@ participants were interviewed ( response rate of @percent@ ) .
follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group ( p = @number@ ) , and predominantly for those aged @number@ years or more.
mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies.
mechanisms underlying the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation ( ir ) exposure ( 10-100 mgy ) remain unknown.
we show that γн2ах foci induced by an intermediate dose returned back to the control value by @number@ h post-irradiation.
in contrast , low-dose irradiation resulted in residual γн2ах foci still present at @number@ h.
the mechanisms affecting epidermal homeostasis during aging remain poorly understood.
many micrornas modulated by aging were identified , including mir-30a , in which both strands were overexpressed in aged cells and epidermal tissue.
stable mir-30a over-expression strongly impaired epidermal differentiation , inducing severe barrier function defects in an organotypic culture model.
a significant increase was also observed in the level of apoptotic cells in epidermis over-expressing mir-30a.
metformin and rapamycin are two fda-approved mtor inhibitors proposed for this purpose , exhibiting significant anti-cancer and anti-aging properties beyond their current clinical applications.
however , each faces issues with approval for off-label , prophylactic use due to adverse effects.
here , we initiate an effort to identify nutraceuticals-safer , naturally-occurring compounds-that mimic the anti-aging effects of metformin and rapamycin without adverse effects.
we then predicted the safety of each compound with an ensemble of deep neural network classifiers.
four relatively unexplored compounds also scored well with rapamycin.
this work revealed promising candidates for future experimental validation while demonstrating the applications of powerful screening methods for this and similar endeavors.
polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( pcv ) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) are prevalent age-related diseases characterized by exudative changes in the macula.
pcv remains etiologically uncharacterized , and ongoing discussion is whether pcv and neovascular amd share the same etiology or constitute two substantially different diseases.
elderly people have multi-morbidity with numerous medical conditions and use many medical resources for complex treatment patterns.
this increases the likelihood of inappropriate medical practices and an evidence-practice gap.
the relationships between these issues and clinical outcomes ( death , initiation of dialysis and other adverse events ) will be evaluated , if possible.
background : objectives : to determine the dta of the search methods : this review is current to @date@ .
we also searched alois , the cochrane dementia & cognitive improvement group's specialised register of dementia studies ( @url@
no language or date restrictions were applied to the electronic searches.
we used these data to calculate sensitivities , specificities , and their @percent@ confidence intervals.
two independent assessors performed quality assessment using the quadas-2 tool plus some additional items to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.
the studies reported data on @number@ participants with @number@ years of follow-up and in @number@ participants with three years of follow-up.
regarding the domain of flow and timing , two studies were considered at high risk of bias.
acute exercise increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle ; however , whether mitochondria are involved in these processes remains unclear.
in contrast , jh2o2 increased during complex-i supported leak respiration with insulin after exercise compared with resting conditions ( p < 0.05 ) .
resting insulin sensitivity and jh2o2 during complex-i leak respiration were positively correlated ( r = @number@ p < 0.05 ) .
background : the evaluation of less frequent genetic variants and their effect on complex disease pose new challenges for genomic research.
we employed an integrative epigenomic rvam for variants with allele frequency < 1%.
crc-set association p-values were used to evaluate enrichment of less frequent variant associations in cr are versus non-digestive are.
results : are from 126 / 127 tissues and cell-types were significantly enriched for stronger crc-variant associations.
strongest enrichment was observed for digestive tissues and immune cell types.
cr-specific are were also enriched for stronger crc-variant associations compared to are combined across non-digestive tissues ( p-value = @number@ × 10-4 ) .
the data were statistically analyzed according to sex , age , and race.
there were no differences according to laterality in either group ( p > 0.05 ) .
conclusion : there are racial differences in age-related changes in the eyelids , which are more marked in japanese subjects.
purpose : to analyze the effect of education on sentence listening comprehension on cognitively healthy elderly.
results : the low educated group had a lower number of correct responses than the high educated group on all blocks of the test.
in the temporal analysis , participants with low education had longer execution time for commands on the first four blocks related to working memory.
however , the two groups had similar execution time for blocks more related to syntactic comprehension.
conclusion : education influenced sentence listening comprehension on elderly.
therefore , low educational level , associated with aging , may potentialize the risks for language decline.
nowadays , individuals with hemophilia enjoy a life expectancy at birth close to that of males in the general population.
this narrative review focuses on the clinical problems arising in older people with hemophilia , with particular attention to the optimal therapeutic strategies.
although oct has been adopted widely in clinical practice , uncertainty remains concerning its optimal role.
questions include : what is the best structure to measure ?
what quantity of change is significant ?
are structural changes relevant to the patient ?
how are longitudinal measurements affected by aging ?
how can changes resulting from aging be differentiated from true progression ?
how best should oct be used alongside visual fields , and how often should oct be performed ?
recent studies have addressed some of these questions.
combining information from different structural measurements may also be useful.
identification of such patients offers the possibility of commencing or escalating treatment at an earlier stage.
this review appraises recent developments in the use of oct for assessing glaucoma progression.
background : telomere attrition is extremely rapid during the first years of life , while lifestyle during adulthood exerts a minor impact.
this suggests that early life is an important period in the determination of telomere length.
we investigated the importance of the early-life environment on both telomere tracking and adult telomere length.
residential addresses at birth and in young adulthood were geocoded and residential traffic and greenness exposure was determined.
telomere length in placental tissue and in buccal cells in young adulthood correlated positively ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
maternal residential traffic exposure correlated inversely with telomere length at birth.
obesity in older adults affects not only morbidity and mortality but , importantly , quality of life and the risk of institutionalization.
weight loss interventions can effectively lead to improved physical function.
diet-alone interventions can detrimentally affect muscle and bone physiology and , without interventions to affect these elements , can lead to adverse outcomes.
understanding social and nutritional issues facing older adults is of utmost importance to primary care providers.
dna double-strand breaks ( dsb ) are serious dna lesions.
this manuscript provides a step-by-step protocol supplemented with methodical notes for performing the technique.
specifically , the influence of the cell cycle on γh2ax foci patterns is demonstrated in normal fibroblasts of the cell line nhdf.
further , the value of the γh2ax foci as a biomarker is depicted in x-ray irradiated lymphocytes of a healthy individual.
finally , genetic instability is investigated in cd34 + cells of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia by immunofluorescence microscopy of γh2ax and 53bp1.
this protocol also provides examples of retinal changes in subjects with dementia , and discusses technical issues and current limitations of retinal imaging.
salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans.
isolation of s. typhimurium-containing phagosomes have been widely used to study how s. typhimurium infection alters the process of phagosome maturation to prevent bacterial degradation.
classically , the isolation of bacteria-containing phagosomes has been performed by sucrose gradient centrifugation.
however , this process is time-consuming , and requires specialized equipment and a certain degree of dexterity.
described here is a simple and quick method for the isolation of s. typhimurium-containing phagosomes from macrophages by coating the bacteria with magnetic beads.
first , we find that the l1 orf2 protein tolerates the addition of protein domains both at the amino- and carboxy-terminus.
although in some instances retrotransposition efficiencies slightly diminished , all fusion proteins containing an intact orf2 were capable of driving retrotransposition.
second , the stability of individual orf2 fusion proteins varies and difficult to predict.
third , dbds that require the formation of multimers for target recognition are unlikely to modify targeting of orf2p-driven insertions.
fourth , the more components needed to assemble into a complex to drive targeted retrotransposition , the less likely the strategy will increase targeted insertions.
fifth , abundance of target sequences present in the genome will likely dictate the effectiveness and efficiency of targeted insertions.
these chronic symptoms are collectively referred to as photoaging.
eucalyptus globulus is an evergreen tree that is widely used in cosmetics because of its antimicrobial activity.
in this study , we investigated the protective effect of @percent@ ethanol extracts of eucalyptus globulus on uv-induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo.
normal human dermal fibroblasts were treated with eucalyptus globulus at concentrations ranging from @number@ to @number@ μg / ml after uvb or non-uvb irradiation.
we found that eucalyptus globulus suppressed the expression of mmps and il-6 , but increased the expression of tgf-β1 and procollagen type @number@
in addition , eucalyptus globulus inhibited activation of the ap-1 transcription factor , an inducer of mmps.
eucalyptus globulus was also found to regulate tgf-β / smad signaling by reversing the activity of negative smad regulators.
taken together , these data suggest that eucalyptus globulus may be a useful agent in cosmetic products.
complicated skin and soft tissue infections constitute a heterogeneous group of severe disorders , with surgical site infections being the most common hospital-acquired ones.
in in vitro studies , the combinations of fosfomycin with rifampicin and tigecycline were both synergistic.
these synergies were confirmed in in vivo studies : the drug combinations showed the highest antimicrobial effects compared to monotherapy.
genetic research aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of als and identify potential therapeutic targets.
each of the seven novel genes code for proteins associated with one or more molecular pathways known to be involved in als.
where next ? : the identification of these seven novel genes has been important in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying als.
however , our understanding of what causes als is not complete , and further genetic research will provide additional detail about its causes.
increased genetic knowledge will also identify potential therapeutic targets and could lead to the development of individualised medicine for patients with als.
these developments will have a direct effect on clinical practice when genome sequencing becomes a routine and integral part of disease diagnosis and management.
objective : to present the first wide-scale survey to assess perceptions of testing the aging neurosurgeon.
we developed an online confidential survey conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
we received @number@ responses overall ( @percent@ response rate ) .
results : most respondents ( @number@ @percent@ ) were aged @number@ years and older.
nine hundred fifty-six ( @percent@ ) respondents believed that there should be no absolute age cutoff at which neurosurgical practice is forced to end.
six hundred six ( @percent@ ) respondents believed that moc should be tailored to accommodate the aging neurosurgeon.
most respondents ( @number@ @percent@ ) believed that moc should consist of a review individual case logs and patient outcomes for the aging neurosurgeon.
conclusion : appropriately assessing the aging neurosurgeon is important to protect patient safety and also maximize the capacity of an aging neurosurgical workforce.
starting from @number@ phenylketonuria is part of the newborn screening program in hungary.
since then a generation , treated with special diet and medical foods right after neonatal diagnosis has reached adulthood.
thanks to early treatment initiation , children with phenylketonuria are able to lead life to the full.
consequently , phenylketonuria is no longer considered a pediatric disease.
follow up of adult patients with phenylketonuria is performed in internal medicine centers specialized in metabolic diseases.
the outcome of the lifelong special treatment , and the particularities of phenylketonuria in adulthood are yet to be determined.
the aim of our review is to present recent findings in phenylketonuria focusing mainly on the adult care.
new challenges must be met such as maternal phenylketonuria , long term effects of dietotherapy and the sequelae of untreated phenylketonuria in adulthood.
orv hetil.
@number@ 158 ( @number@ ) : 1857-1863.
here , we show that mcph1 interacts with and promotes the e3 ligase βtrcp2 to degrade cdc25a independent of dna damage.
indeed , two third of cancers newly diagnosed occur over @number@ years.
the cga is allow to elaborate a personalized treatment plan in geriatric oncology.
however , to date , no algorithms based on cga is validated to guide therapeutic decision in geriatric oncology.
the collaboration between geriatrician and oncologist remains essential to elaborate an appropriate therapeutic strategy and limit the situations of over- and under-treatment.
this article presents the set of tools and scores used in geriatric oncology to guide the therapeutic decision.
research on human brain changes during skill acquisition has revealed brain volume expansion in task-relevant areas.
however , the large number of skills that humans acquire during ontogeny militates against plasticity as a perpetual process of volume growth.
building on animal models and available theories , we promote the expansion-renormalization model for plastic changes in humans.
the model sheds new light on available evidence and current debates and fosters the search for mechanistic explanations.
dna lesions caused by uv damage are thought to be repaired solely by the nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) pathway in human cells.
there are currently no curative therapies available.
here we performed a high-throughput chemical screen for agents that could alleviate the cellular sensitivity of ner-deficient cells to uv-induced dna damage.
acetohexamide exerted this protective function by antagonizing expression of the dna glycosylase , mutyh.
together , our data reveal the existence of an ner-independent mechanism to remove uv-induced dna damage and prevent cell death.
in this issue of molecular cell , kim et al.
alc1 / chd1l is a member of the snf2 superfamily of atpases carrying a macrodomain that binds poly ( adp-ribose ) .
to ascertain alc1's role in ber in mammalian cells , we disrupted the alc1 gene in human tk6 cells.
following exposure to mms and to h2o2 , the alc1- / - tk6 cell line showed a delay in single-strand-break repair.
we therefore conclude that alc1 plays a role in ber.
following exposure to h2o2 , alc1- / - cells showed compromised chromatin relaxation.
we thus propose that alc1 is a unique ber factor that functions in a chromatin context , most likely as a chromatin-remodeling enzyme.
background : although sepsis is the leading cause of death from infection , there are few population-level epidemiological sepsis reports.
the impact of sepsis-related deaths on all-cause hospital mortality is insufficiently described , in particular in europe where data are non-existent.
methods : we performed a retrospective study using data from the norwegian patient registry and statistics norway.
the occurrence , patient characteristics and outcomes of sepsis hospitalizations during the years @number@ and @number@ were estimated and compared with norwegian population data.
sepsis was defined as organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and identified with international classification of diseases 10th revision codes.
results : we identified @number@ @number@ sepsis admissions occurring in @number@ @number@ individuals.
hospital mortality for sepsis admissions was @percent@ and overall , @percent@ of the included patients died while hospitalized for sepsis.
conclusions : this study confirms that hospitalized sepsis is frequent in norway and a major contributor to hospital fatalities in a european setting.
the incidence is higher among men than women.
improvements in treatment and survival of sepsis could influence population mortality , and sepsis should receive greater attention in official death statistics in the future.
heat waves result in significant excess mortality , particularly amongst elderly people.
we sourced heat wave response plans from several countries that are experiencing a demographic transition that features a growing aging population.
only three heat wave response plans that were analyzed included specific guidance for aged care facilities.
background : intrinsic and extrinsic factors , including ultraviolet irradiation , lead to visible signs of skin aging.
23andme genotyping determined genetic ancestry.
the gene expression patterns from the subset of women who were younger-appearing were similar to those in women who were actually younger.
limitations : broader application of these findings ( eg , across races and fitzpatrick skin types ) will require further studies.
it was shown that all the mentioned features were accompanied by a reduction in telomerase activity and telomere shortening.
furthermore , the role of epigenetic changes in aging , especially changes in promoter methylation , was reported.
in this study , mscs were isolated from the adipose tissue with enzymatic digestion.
in addition , immunocytochemistry staining and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate the cell-surface markers.
in addition , alizarin red-s , sudan iii , toluidine blue , and cresyl violet staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of hadscs.
the results showed that the telomere length , the htert gene expression , and the telomerase activity had significantly increased.
among young adults with bd , substance misuse , medication non-adherence , age at onset , and comorbid psychiatric conditions each predict self-harm.
it is currently unclear if these same factors or others predict suicide ideation among older adults with bd.
path analyses allowed us to identify direct and indirect predictors of suicide ideation among older adults with bd.
of note , the significant impact of sleep on suicide ideation is indirect via depressive symptoms , cognitive failures , medication non-adherence and life dissatisfaction.
conclusions : as with young adults with bd , alcohol misuse and medication non-adherence emerged as significant predictors of suicide ideation.
in addition , cognitive failures directly and indirectly predict suicide ideation in this sample of older adults with bd.
population aging and treatment efficacy are leading to ever growing numbers of older adults with bd.
both direct and indirect predictors of suicide ideation need to be considered in future bd research and treatment planning.
the objectives were to develop a multimorbidity frailty index using taiwan's claim database , and to understand its ability to predict adverse event.
methods : this is a retrospective cohort study.
subjects aged @number@ to @number@ years who have full national health insurance coverage in @number@ were included.
the multimorbidity frailty index included deficits from outpatient and inpatient diagnosis.
associations with all-cause mortality , unplanned hospitalization and intensive care unit admission were assessed using kaplan-meier curves and cox regression analyses.
the risk trend of unplanned hospitalization and intensive care unit admission is similar among the study population.
besides , the association between the frailty categories and all three outcomes was slightly stronger among women.
conclusion : the multimorbidity frailty index was highly associated with all-cause mortality , unplanned hospitalization and icu admission.
it could serve as an efficient tool for stratifying older adults into different risk groups for planning care management programs.
however , researches on anatomic and morphologic features of the knee in chinese populations of both sexes have never been conducted.
further clinical studies are needed to determine other essential parameters for the design of prosthesis to the chinese populations.
pediatricians have relied on methods for determining skeletal maturation for > 75 years.
bone age continues to be a valuable tool in assessing children's health.
new technology for bone age determination includes computer-automated readings and assessments obtained from alternative imaging modalities.
in addition , new nonclinical bone age applications are evolving , particularly pertaining to immigration and children's rights to asylum.
current methods of assessing skeletal maturation are derived from primarily white populations.
in modern studies , researchers have explored the accuracy of bone age across various ethnicities in the united states.
design , setting , and participants : randomized clinical trial with @number@ × @number@ factorial design.
the final follow-up visit was on @date@ .
interventions : supervised exercise consisted of treadmill exercise @number@ times weekly for @number@ months.
the attention control consisted of weekly educational lectures by clinicians for @number@ months.
p values were adjusted based on the hochberg step-up method.
one hundred ninety-five ( @percent@ ) completed 12-week follow-up.
these results confirm the benefits of exercise but do not support using gm-csf to treat walking impairment in patients with pad.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01408901.
methods : the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included al , cycloplegic refraction , and pentacam measurements.
the association of lens power and al was analyzed using multiple regression.
results : a total of @number@ children and adolescents aged 6- to 18-years old were included.
conclusions : the lens power in children and adolescents aged @number@ to @number@ years exhibited three stages.
the association between lens power and al differed between the nonmyopes and myopes.
these findings suggested that less reduction in lens power might be associated with both growing age and increasing al in myopes.
the ras-raf-mek-erk pathway plays a central role in tumorigenesis and is a target for anticancer therapy.
the successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in ras pathway.
however , activation of cytoprotective autophagy overcomes antiproliferative effect of the inhibitors and develops drug resistance.
the study sample included @number@ males ( mean age @number@.98± @time@ ) and @number@ females ( mean age @number@.65±16.62 years ) .
single plain radiographs of both hands were taken.
anthropometry , including body weight , stature , and six circumferences from the body trunk and extremities were taken from each participant.
chronic low grade inflammation is a fundamental mechanism of aging.
gene expression in whole blood was measured using the affymetrix human exon @number@ st array.
our study sample included @number@ participants ( mean age 67a±9 years , @percent@ women ) .
there were @number@ genes significantly were associated with inflammatory ∆age ( colorectal cancer ( crc ) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.
this study evaluated the effectiveness of common bathroom aids in promoting balance control during bathing transfers.
balance control was characterized using center of pressure measures and showed greater instability for older adults.
the vertical grab bar and wall touch resulted in the safest ( best controlled ) transfers.
these results can support clinical recommendations for safe bathing transfers.
this paper reviews the modern concept of age-related androgen deficiency.
the authors discuss the prevalence of androgen deficiency and its relationship with age , concomitant diseases , pharmacotherapy and other factors.
unique identifier : nct02388412.
however , it is not well known how cardiac energy metabolism is altered in diabetic hearts in humans.
we examined cardiac fuel metabolism in the diabetics as compared to non-diabetics who underwent cardiac catheterization for heart diseases.
thirty-six patients were diagnosed as diabetics ( diabetic group ) and @number@ as non-diabetics ( non-diabetic group ) .
however , the myocardial uptakes of ffas were not significantly increased in the diabetics as compared to the non-diabetics.
ketone bodies therefore are utilized as an energy source partially replacing glucose in the human diabetic heart.
background : difficulties with daily functioning are common in middle-aged adults.
objective : to determine the epidemiology and clinical course of functional impairment and decline in middle age.
design : cohort study.
setting : the health and retirement study.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling adults aged @number@ to @number@ years who did not have functional impairment at enrollment.
data were analyzed by using multistate models that estimate probabilities of different outcomes.
results : impairment in adls developed in @percent@ of participants aged @number@ to @number@ years , in whom further functional transitions were common.
the pattern of findings was similar for iadls.
limitation : functional status was self-reported.
conclusion : functional impairment and decline are common in middle age , as are transitions from impairment to independence and back again.
methods : seventy healthy eyes were examined with oct to obtain nine horizontal lines in and outside of the vascular arcade.
nine points including the central point of the line were chosen in @number@.5-mm intervals to calculate ct.
ct was measured at a total of @number@ points in each patient to construct a map of ct distribution.
results : average subfoveal ct showed a significant relationship with age ( p < @number@ ) and axial length ( p = @number@ ) .
in all nine horizontal lines , ct showed a rough trend of being thickest at a particular point and decreasing thereafter.
the difference of the trend between temporal vertical lines was significant as well ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the ct generally decreased with age , but it decreased much faster in old age than in relatively younger people.
ct displayed large variations among different points in and outside of the vascular arcade.
the thickest choroid was located at the point superior to the fovea , not the fovea itself.
such physiological variations should be considered when interpreting pathologic changes of the choroid.
according to the mechanism of action , the studies revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the viability of human osteoblasts.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community sample.
measurements : all participants underwent tcd assessments and tests of lower extremity function at an annual clinic visit.
ordinal regression models showed that lower mbfv in the va and ba is associated with shorter upst.
conclusion : low mbfv in the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation was associated with worse lower extremity function and balance in older adults.
gelatinase inhibitors are thereby designated as chemotherapeutics or as mechanistic probe to figure out the unrecognized functions of mmp members.
besides , the binding modes of representative inhibitors with gelatinase are also briefly described.
healthy longevity has been an unremitting pursuit of human , but its genetic and the environment causes are still unclear.
it is important to explore how the effect of genetic variants associated long-life individuals on lipids metabolism and balance.
therefore , we developed a comparative study based population which contains @number@ longevity and @number@ control.
wip1 is a nuclear phosphatase induced by many factors and involved in various stresses , tumorigenesis , organismal aging , and neurogenesis.
wip1's role in bbb integrity has not been thoroughly investigated.
wip1 expression was significantly elevated by lps treatment.
knockdown of wip1 aggravated the increased permeability and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance , protein expression of zo-1 , and occludin induced by lps.
sonic hedgehog signaling ( shh ) was activated by wip1 overexpression and inhibited by wip1 silencing.
our results demonstrate that wip1 may protect the bbb against lps-induced integrity disruption and inflammatory response through the shh signaling pathway.
methods : a multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted in prospective registries of patients treated by thrombolysis within @number@ hours of stroke onset.
preadmission treatment with ssris was present in @percent@ ( n = 266 ) of patients.
however , subgroup analysis suggested an increased risk of sich in patients taking both ssri and oac.
preadmission treatment with ssris was associated with unfavorable outcome , which may reflect the prognostic significance of prestroke depression.
background : new-onset atrial fibrillation ( af ) after coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) operation is associated with poorer survival.
blanket prophylaxis efforts have not appreciably decreased incidence , making targeted prevention for high-risk patients desirable.
five logistic regression models ( for cha results : new-onset af occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
its performance was moderate and comparable with published risk models specifically targeted at new-onset post-isolated cabg af.
future research should continue to focus on developing better predictive models.
this study compared the reliability and validity of different protocols evaluating the force-velocity ( f-v ) relationship and muscle power in older adults.
two attempts per load were performed , with a third attempt when f-v points deviated from the linear f-v regression equation.
then , the subjects performed 2×3 repetitions at @percent@ 1rm to compare purely concentric and eccentric-concentric repetitions.
the short physical performance battery was conducted to assess the validity of the different protocols.
no significant differences were observed between concentric and eccentric-concentric repetitions.
both type @number@ and type @number@ diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs.
our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent , limit , or reverse injury / dysfunction is continuously evolving.
this statement reviews biochemical / cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury.
resveratrol is a promising chemical agent that treats multiple aging-related diseases and improves life span.
individuals with hfpef have severe symptoms of effort intolerance , poor quality of life , frequent hospitalizations , and greater likelihood of death.
despite the importance of hfpef , there are numerous major gaps in our understanding of its pathophysiology and management.
we present an update on the pathophysiology , diagnosis , management , and future directions in this disorder in older persons.
design : longitudinal population-based study.
setting : urban area of stockholm , sweden.
measurements : at baseline , data on demographic characteristics , crfs , other lifestyle factors , c-reactive protein , and cognitive function were collected.
crf burden was measured using the framingham general cardiovascular risk score ( frs ) .
data were analyzed using cox proportional hazards models stratified according to age ( < 78 , ≥78 ) .
results : during follow-up , @number@ persons developed limitations in walking speed , @number@ in balance , and @number@ in chair stands.
also , higher frs was significantly associated with faster decline in walking speed ( p < @number@ ) .
interventions targeting multiple crfs in younger-old people may help in maintaining mobility function.
background : with rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy for hiv , there are rising life expectancies among people living with hiv.
as a result , co-morbidity from non-communicable diseases in those living and aging with hiv is increasingly being reported.
published data on this issue have been limited in cambodia.
methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted in five provinces of cambodia from may- @date@ .
information was obtained on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire , and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed.
multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors.
of these , @percent@ had diabetes mellitus , @percent@ had hypertension and @percent@ had hypercholesterolemia.
single disease occurred in @percent@ , dual disease in @percent@ and triple disease in @percent@.
these findings strongly suggest that screening of non-communicable diseases should be integrated into routine hiv care in cambodia.
over @number@ gene mutations are known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) .
compound mutations can worsen the phenotype.
this study aimed to validate these comparative differences in a large cohort of individuals and families with hcm.
we performed genome-phenome correlation among @number@ symptomatic hcm patients , @number@ asymptomatic carriers and @number@ non-carriers , using an 18-gene clinical diagnostic hcm panel.
a total of @number@ mutations were identified in @number@ genes.
double mutations were found in only nine hcm patients ( @percent@ ) who were phenotypically indistinguishable from single-mutation carriers.
the presence of double mutations increases the risk for symptomatic hcm with no change in severity , as determined in this study subset.
the pathologic effects of mybpc3 and myh7 were found to be independent of gene mutation location.
furthermore , hcm pathology is independent of protein domain disruption in both mybpc3 and myh7.
these data provide evidence that mybpc3 mutations constitute the preeminent cause of hcm and that they are phenotypically indistinguishable from hcm caused by myh7 mutations.
the economic consequences of applying the accelerated 1-h algorithm are unknown.
the ed los , ru , and accuracy of the 1-h algorithm was compared to that achieved by the soc at ed discharge.
unit costs were for the united kingdom , switzerland , and germany.
the sensitivity and specificity for the 1-h algorithm were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , compared to @percent@ and @percent@ for soc.
the mean ed los for the 1-h algorithm was @number@.3h-it was @number@.5h for soc , which is a reduction of @percent@.
these results need to be prospectively validated in the future.
results support that ftp reflects a higher-order construct that consists of @number@ interrelated components-opportunity , extension , and constraint.
methods : community pharmacists used a clinical decision support system ( cdss ) for seven antibiotics.
pharmacists could perform poct when renal function could not be retrieved from other health care professionals.
actions were registered in the cdss.
a retrospective descriptive analysis of alert management , performed poct and medication dispensing histories was performed.
results : a total of @number@ pharmacists registered the management of @number@ alerts for @number@ patients.
for @number@ alerts ( @percent@ ) , the pharmacist retrieved a renal function above the threshold for intervention.
pharmacists performed @number@ pocts ( @percent@ of the alerts ) , which led to @number@ prescription modifications ( @percent@ of the poct ) .
conclusion : community pharmacists performed cdss-based interventions to prevent potentially inappropriate ( dosing of ) antibiotics in elderly patients with renal impairment.
pharmacists were well able to retrieve information on renal function , using poct in a limited number of cases.
the intervention rate could be greatly increased by better registration of information on renal function.
performing poct seems especially worthwhile in the highest age groups.
cardiac index ( liters per minute per meter squared ) was quantified from echocardiography.
resting cbf ( milliliters per @number@ grams per minute ) and hypercapnia-induced cvr were quantified from pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling mri.
goal @number@ of the national plan to address alzheimer's disease is to prevent and effectively treat alzheimer disease and alzheimer disease-related dementias by @number@
primary premature ovarian insufficiency ( ppoi ) is characterized by hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and hypoestrogenism in women under @number@ years of age.
in 10%-28% of cases , ppoi causes primary and in 4%-18% secondary amenorrhea.
the process is a consequence of accelerated oocyte atresia , diminished number of germinated cells , and central nervous system aging.
specific genes are responsible for the control of oocyte number undergoing the ovulation process and the time to cessation of the reproductive function.
a positive family history of ppoi is found in @percent@ of women with ppoi , indicating the existing genetic etiology.
primary poi comprises genetic aberrations linked to chromosome x ( monosomy , trisomy , translocation , deletion ) or to autosomal chromosome.
secondary poi implies surgical removal of ovaries , chemotherapy and radiotherapy , and infections.
objectives : to rejuvenate the aging hand , we developed a targeted fat grafting technique based on the physiologic fat distribution of the hand.
additional anatomic dissection was performed in @number@ hands of five fresh cadavers to establish the anatomic basis for the targeted restoration technique.
a total of @number@ patients were treated for hand rejuvenation utilizing this technique and followed up for at least @number@ months.
the posttreatment outcome was assessed through b-mode ultrasound , 3-dimensional ( 3d ) topography scanning , and a patient satisfaction survey.
anatomic findings showed the existence of distinct superficial and deep fat compartments.
the average fat grafting volume was @number@ ml per hand dorsum administered in one or two procedures.
patients were monitored for @number@ ± @number@ months.
after @number@ months , a volume gain was found in all patients.
the degree of aging was significantly reduced.
the majority of patients ( @percent@ ) were satisfied with their results.
level of evidence : @number@
background : in this study we investigated the role of hippocampal volume ( hv ) in visual memory.
methods : participants were a subsample of older adults ( > = @number@ years ) from the einstein aging study.
linear regressions were fitted to study associations between hv and visual tasks.
cf copy did not show any significant associations with hv.
conclusion : our results suggest that left hv contributes in retrieval of visual memory in older adults.
statistical analyses include individual study results as well as a meta-analysis on the combined results of the three studies.
findings show consistent evidence only for the individual response , which was in turn associated with well-being.
this research complements prior research by signaling the value of considering both responses to discrimination as complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
background : the lower limb muscle may play an important role in decreasing the heart's pumping workload.
aging and inactivity cause atrophy and weakness of the muscle , leading to a loss of the heart-assisting role.
therefore , more effective tools should be developed.
the heart rate , stroke volume , and cardiac output significantly increased during the stimulation.
there was no change in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure during the stimulation.
once the balance is broken , age-related diseases could take place.
alzheimer's disease is the most common major neurocognitive disorder with substantial social and economic impacts.
this article is an update on current pharmacotherapy , advancements in biomarker use , and drugs in the pipeline for this disease.
to date , no new drug has qualified to be added to the current therapeutic arsenal comprising cholinesterase inhibitors and the nmda receptor antagonist memantine.
drugs in the pipeline include symptomatic therapies that are neurotransmitter-based , but mostly disease-modifying therapies.
in fact , alzheimer's disease is a complex multifactorial disease.
combining different biomarkers might enhance our ability to identify those patients most at risk of developing the disease , and better predict their conversion rates.
this study aimed to identify and analyze the relations between aging and work.
this was a case study in the maintenance engineering division of a high-complexity hospital in the city of são paulo , brazil.
in september and @date@ , @number@ semi-structured interviews were held with the division heads and other workers with a minimum age of @number@ years.
the data were analyzed with thematic content analysis.
still , they felt limited and demotivated due to the poor working conditions , outsourcing of the division , and the prevailing workload organization.
thus , in this division , the working conditions and organization had more impact than the aging process on the individuals ' daily work routine.
purpose : methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections.
methodology : a retrospective survey was performed on @number@ cases of mrsa infections from inpatient , outpatient and nursing home populations over a 12-month period.
the pattern of antibiotic resistance with respect to the age of patients depended on the antibiotic mode of action.
conclusion : antibiotics that target dna synthesis result in a progressively higher number of resistant isolates among the older population.
objectives : to examine racial differences in the use of rehabilitation services and functional improvement during receipt of services.
design : secondary analysis of the @number@ national health and aging trends study ( nhats ) .
setting : standardized in-person home interviews.
participants : community-dwelling medicare enrollees ( n = @number@ ) , @number@ of whom reported receiving rehabilitation services in the previous @number@ months.
importance : health care spending in the united states increased substantially from @number@ to @number@ and comprised @percent@ of the economy in @number@
understanding the relationship between known factors and spending increases over time could inform policy efforts to contain future spending growth.
exposures : change in population size , population aging , disease prevalence or incidence , service utilization , or service price and intensity.
main outcomes and measures : change in health care spending from @number@ through @number@
the influence of these @number@ factors varied by health condition and type of care.
understanding these factors and their variability across health conditions and types of care may inform policy efforts to contain health care spending.
objective : to assess the potential effectiveness of interventions for preventing falls.
data sources : medline , embase , cochrane central register of controlled trials , and ageline databases from inception until @date@ .
reference lists of included studies were scanned.
study selection : randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) of fall-prevention interventions for participants aged @number@ years and older.
data extraction and synthesis : pairs of reviewers independently screened the studies , abstracted data , and appraised risk of bias.
pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted.
main outcomes and measures : injurious falls and fall-related hospitalizations.
conclusions and relevance : exercise alone and various combinations of interventions were associated with lower risk of injurious falls compared with usual care.
choice of fall-prevention intervention may depend on patient and caregiver values and preferences.
importantly , we detected elevated levels of active epha4 in human ad brains , where epha4 activation is inversely correlated with sorla / epha4 association.
fifteen self-reported disease symptoms were included as outcome variables.
all models controlled for cigarettes smoked per day ( cpd ) and sociodemographic characteristics.
after controlling for cpd and other covariates , there were no significant relationships between 30-day e-cigarette use and symptoms.
even after controlling for cpd , e-cigarette expenditures or use was associated with greater odds of wheezing and shortness of breath.
conclusions : e-cigarette expenditures might be a more useful measure of intensity of e-cigarette use.
most previous studies in this area have used correlational imaging techniques and framed schadenfreude and envy as unified and monolithic emotional domains.
compared with the alzheimer's disease and control groups , patients with bvftd obtained significantly higher scores on all dimensions for both emotions.
in all subjects , an association emerged between schadenfreude and the ventral striatum , and between envy and the anterior cingulate cortex.
together , this study provides lesion-based evidence for the multidimensional nature of the emotional experiences of envy and schadenfreude.
our results offer new insights into the mechanisms subsuming complex emotions and moral cognition in neurodegeneration.
moreover , this study presents the exacerbation of envy and schadenfreude as a new potential hallmark of bvftd that could impact in diagnosis and progression.
cardiovascular disease increases incrementally with age and elderly patients concomitantly sustain multimorbidities , with resultant prescription of multiple medications.
despite conforming with disease-specific cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines , this polypharmacy predisposes many elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease to adverse drug events and non-adherence.
this approach to aligning therapies with patient preferences is likely to promote patient satisfaction , to limit morbidity , and to favorably affect healthcare costs.
cardiovascular disease remains a major medical and socioeconomic burden in developed and developing societies , and will increase with an aging and increasingly sedentary society.
for the most part , these processes are controlled by elements in the @number@'-utr of labile , proinflammatory transcripts.
conceptually , inflammation-responsive rbps represent an attractive target of rational therapies to combat vascular inflammatory syndromes.
we also detail rbps as targets of current anti-inflammatory modalities and how this may translate into better treatment for vascular inflammatory diseases.
the lysosomal membrane is the locus for sensing cellular nutrient levels , which are transduced to mtorc1 via the rag gtpases and the ragulator complex.
the crystal structure of the five-subunit human ragulator at @number@ å resolution was determined.
lamtor1 wraps around the other four subunits to stabilize the assembly.
the lamtor2 : lamtor3 dimer stacks upon lamtor4 : lamtor5 to create a platform for rag binding.
in the steady-state heart , resident cardiac macrophages remove senescent and dying cells and facilitate electrical conduction.
in the aging heart , the shift in macrophage phenotype to a proinflammatory subtype leads to inflammaging.
these diverse properties are attributed to distinct macrophage subtypes and polarization status.
infarct macrophages exhibit a proinflammatory m1 phenotype early and become polarized toward an anti-inflammatory m2 phenotype later post-mi.
design : investigator-initiated , prospective , multi-center , open-label study.
@number@ units of abobotulinumtoxina was injected in @number@ equal aliquots ( @number@ units each ) into each of @number@ injection sites in the glabellar complex.
investigator and subject assessments of wrinkle severity at maximum frown and repose using 4-point scales and adverse events were conducted.
follow-up was monthly for up to @number@ months.
overall , @percent@ of subjects had a duration of ≥ @number@ days.
adverse events were mild and transient.
there were no events of lid or brow ptosis.
subject satisfaction was high.
there was no increase in the incidence of adverse events with this higher dose.
j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1544-1549.
background : elderly adults have comprised the fastest growing population adopting the internet and computer technology over the past decade.
however , how their experiences can shed light on elderly learning theory has not been examined much in the literature.
factors and reasons associated with internet adoption and withdrawal were examined using both quantitative and qualitative data.
results : education level independently predicted internet adoption behavior.
the organization of the brain network enables its function.
evaluation of this organization has revealed that large-scale brain networks consist of multiple segregated subnetworks of interacting brain areas.
dedipac was launched in late @number@ and delivered its final report in late @number@
emergent evidence suggests that the long-term healthy lifestyle of master athletes may attenuate aging.
background : elderly patients undergoing oncological surgery experience postoperative cognitive decline.
cognitive performance was assessed pre-operatively and @number@ months postoperatively.
postoperative decline was defined as a decline in scores of cognitive tests of ≥25% on ≥2 of @number@ tests.
in patients aged > 75 years , the incidence of overall cognitive decline @number@ months postoperatively was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @date@ ) .
of the cognitive domains , executive function was the most vulnerable to decline.
conclusion : about half of the elderly patients show improvement in postoperative cognitive performance after oncological surgery , whereas @percent@ show cognitive decline.
research to develop interventions to preserve quality of life should focus on this high-risk subpopulation.
for historical reasons , we suggest naming the entity fontaine syndrome.
molecular dynamic simulation studies predict that p.arg217cys and p.arg217his narrow the substrate cavity of the protein and disrupt transporter dynamics.
our findings identify slc25a24 mutations affecting codon @number@ as the underlying genetic cause of human progeroid fontaine syndrome.
variable lipoatrophy and cutis laxa are the basis for a progeroid appearance.
two of the girls had pronounced neonatal progeroid features and were initially diagnosed with wiedemann-rautenstrauch syndrome.
slc25a24 encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane atp-mg / p changes related to aging alone typically don't interfere with one's ability to function independently.
these tips and tools can help ensure an accurate evaluation.
as hiv infection has become a chronic one , new challenges have emerged.
for instance , early-onset \ "geriatric syndromes , \ " such as frailty , have been recognized in these patients.
frailty refers to a physiological state of vulnerability that increases the risk of adverse health-related outcomes.
acute heart failure ( hf ) is a prevalent disease with important socio-economic repercussions.
within this group , a subgroup with an intensive intervention ( n = @number@ ) was performed.
statistically significant differences between groups attending to the therapeutical adherence to clinical guidelines ( p < @number@ ) were observed.
the close monitoring of patients with hf improves adherence , reduces mortality and improves survival.
this may result in a decline in the use of health resources , which entails significant socio-economic benefits.
previous studies have found evidence for reduced cortical inhibition in aging visual cortex.
this method produces more accurate estimates of summation area than conventional methods that simply increase overall stimulus dimensions.
older observers were less sensitive for all check sizes , but the relative sensitivity across sizes , also differed between groups.
this suggests aging impacts on short-range summation mechanisms , potentially underpinned by larger summation areas for the perception of small moving stimuli.
we have shown that serum-deprivation of confluent rpe cells is associated with upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol ( uc ) .
here we investigate the cellular processes involved in this response.
the results were compared with distributions of these lipids and proteins in human donor eyes with amd.
serum deprivation of arpe-19 was associated with increased formation of fm dye-positive membrane vesicles , many of which co-labeled for uc.
additionally , uc colocalized with fib3 in distinct granules.
by day @number@ serum-deprived cells grown on transwells secreted fib3 basally into the matrix.
the lower levels of intracellular ec observed under serum-deprivation were associated with increased formation and secretion of apob.
introduction : during rowing , foot positioning on the foot stretcher is critical to optimise muscle force transmission and boat propulsion.
methods : eleven elite rowers were assessed during controlled training on a standard rowing machine while wearing control , low-density or high-density textured insoles.
plantar pressure and knee and trunk kinematics were measured ; performance data were recorded from the machine.
no interaction was observed between side and insole ( p > 0.190 ) , even though symmetry was higher with high-density insoles.
conclusion : the high-density textured insoles affected foot loading distribution during indoor rowing.
rowers applied greater foot force and over a greater foot stretcher area with the high-density than the low-density and control insoles.
these findings and the methodology applied may be relevant for the understanding and monitoring of rowing performance.
background : hypothermia is related to increased morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants ; continuous temperature monitoring is necessary.
thermoregulation is limited in preterm infants.
methods : an exploratory , case study design was used.
results : all infants experienced ntd.
discussion : a larger study is needed to examine associations between ntd and race , maternal smoking history , and infection.
ntd might be used as a biomarker to guide acute clinical care and identify infants at risk for acute and chronic morbidity.
caregivers face a heavy care burden , and decreased physical and mental health ( mh ) .
subjective caregiver burden explained the greatest amount of total variance in all mh subscales and the 2nd greatest amount of variance in most physical subscales.
importantly , an ltc system should be established in china as soon as possible.
using all @number@ inflammatory markers , an inflammation composite score was created for each participant.
we assessed episodic memory and regional brain volumes , using 3t mri , @number@ years later.
none
context : areal bone mineral density ( bmd ) measurements are confounded by skeletal size.
objective : to examine whether fracture prediction by frax® is affected by hip area.
design and setting : cohort study using a population-based bmd registry.
patients : a total of @number@ white women aged ≥40 years.
frax® with bmd underestimated mof risk in the largest hip area quintile and underestimated hip fracture risk in the three largest hip area quintiles.
including hal in the risk assessment compensates for this confounding by skeletal size and provides for more accurate assessment of fracture risk.
recursive partitioning analysis yielded sex- and age-specific thresholds for cebmi that confer the greatest risk for type @number@ diabetes progression.
all participants underwent subsequently a full clinical examination by a physician exploring the same areas ( rater-vdsp ) .
the agreements between physicians ' and patients ' responses were significant for every single vdsp item.
the agreement was fair to perfect for all items , except for cognitive disorders , undernutrition and polymorbidity ( poor agreement ) .
conclusions : older adults are able to evaluate their own probabilities of severe vitamin d deficiency , deficiency and insufficiency.
the characteristics of cpls were compared between the increase ( i.e. , size increase during subsequent follow-up ) and no-increase groups.
of the @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) cpls increased to diameters ≥ @number@ cm at the final follow-up.
among the growing cpls , initial cyst size was associated with future lesion growth to and beyond @number@ cm.
a multimodal rehabilitation program seems to be a good working model for achieving this goal.
none : objectives : we aimed to determine the feasibility and safety of applying eras pathways to emergency elderly surgical patients.
primary outcomes were postoperative complications , mortality , hospital length of stay and readmission rates.
the incidence of fragility fractures of the pelvis is increasing quickly.
the characteristics of these fractures are different from pelvic ring disruptions in adults.
fragility fractures of the pelvis are the consequence of a low-energy trauma which occurs in a patient with an important decrease of bone mineral density.
due to a consistent pattern of alteration of bone mass distribution in the sacrum , other fracture morphologies occur than in younger adults.
conventional radiographs and ct will show the presence and localization of the fractures in the anterior and posterior pelvic ring.
a new , comprehensive classification system distinguishes four categories of instability.
this first criterion is most important , because it also gives hints for the preferred type of treatment.
the second criterion , leading to the subtypes in the four categories , is the localization of the instability in the posterior pelvic ring.
this criterion points the way towards the type of the surgical procedure to be used.
when a surgical treatment is chosen , the procedure should be as minimal invasive as possible.
different techniques for percutaneous or less invasive fixation of the posterior pelvic ring have been developed.
their advantages and limitations are presented : sacroplasty , iliosacral screw osteosynthesis , cement augmentation , transiliac internal fixation , trans-sacral osteosynthesis , lumbopelvic fixation.
fractures of the anterior pelvic ring also need special attention.
retrograde transpubic screw fixation is recommended for pubic rami fractures.
fractures of the pubic body and instabilities of the pubic symphysis need bridging plate osteosynthesis.
we do not recommend anterior pelvic external fixation in elderly because of the risk of pin track infection and pin loosening.
determining the grade of renal impairment is important because of different approaches to treatment , monitoring , expected complications , and patient education.
due to improved diagnostic methods and population aging , ckd is diagnosed ever more increasingly.
factors that increase the risk are foreign bodies , stones , obstruction , neurogenic bladder , kidney transplantation , immunosuppression , and pregnancy.
to avoid the potentially devastating outcomes , appropriate diagnostic procedures , antibiotic and surgical treatment , and appropriate follow-up are required.
the seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection tends to be higher in the elderly than in younger populations.
meanwhile , age per sec is an unfavorable determinant that has an impact on liver-related outcomes.
geriatric chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) patients would be viewed as a special population and have an urgent need for viral eradication.
areas covered : the antivirals for chc have evolved from interferon ( ifn ) -based therapyto interferon-free daas.
the treatment strategy , in terms of its clinical efficacy and drug safety , in the elderly is presented.
expert opinion : in the previous ifn era , the sustained virological response ( svr ) rate of the elderly was lower.
more unfavorable safety concerns attributing to the underlying liver disease severity and extra-hepatic presentations further compromised the treatment efficacy.
in the ifn-free daa era , data showing similar svr rates and safety profiles between the elderly and their counterparts have been demonstrated.
notably , aging is an unfavorable factor for fibrosis regression and hcc development even after hcv eradication.
the extent of the improvement of extra-hepatic manifestations in the elderly with svr is also unclear.
the long-term benefits of viral eradication by daas in the elderly await further explorations.
auditory-visual ( av ) synesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which an auditory stimulus induces a \ "concurrent \ " color sensation.
av synesthetes demonstrated increased parietal theta , alpha , and lower beta current density compared to nonsynesthetes.
analyses of undirected connectivity revealed a global , synesthesia-specific hyperconnectivity in the alpha frequency band.
the involvement of the superior parietal lobe even during rest is a strong indicator for its key role in av synesthesia.
by demonstrating top-down signal transmission in av synesthetes , we provide direct support for the disinhibited feedback model of synesthesia.
finally , we suggest that synesthesia is a consequence of global hyperconnectivity.
hum brain mapp 39 : 522-531 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
conclusion : in older patients with af , anticoagulant underuse was mainly associated with antiplatelet use.
anticoagulant underuse and antiplatelet use have both decreased since doac marketing.
the standard of care for ovarian cancer is maximal de-bulking surgery followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.
the median age at diagnosis is @number@ years , yet older patients are under-represented in clinical trials.
these agents have led to significant improvements in progression-free survival in selected trial populations.
whilst evidence for the use of these agents in older women is limited , there appears to be no signal for any difference in efficacy.
the potential risk of increased toxicity in older adults with comorbidities is explored using the data available.
sarcopenia is defined as an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and is recognized as a major clinical problem for older people.
clinical trials performed in older adults confirm that hmb can attenuate the progression of sarcopenia in elderly subjects.
the role of hmb in sarcopenic obesity management is still under debate and a general lack of intervention studies in this population must be recognized.
in conclusion , hmb appears to be effective for enhancing muscle mass and strength in the elderly.
less certain is the role of hmb supplementation in reducing fat mass and , thus , in the treatment of sarcopenic obesity.
we observed reductions of intrinsic activity in mci patients.
most healthy organisms are made up of a multitude of cells and cell types , but none of these cells acts alone.
likewise a cell in homeostasis contains many organelles , but none of these organelles work on their own.
how these diverse cells and how these different organelles communicate with each other in time and space are scientific questions that intrigue me.
these personal collaborations motivate and advance my research toward understanding cellular communications that promote metabolic health and organism longevity.
sleep spindles promote the consolidation of motor skill memory in young adults.
older adults , however , exhibit impoverished sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation.
the underlying pathophysiological mechanism ( s ) explaining why motor memory consolidation in older adults fails to benefit from sleep remains unclear.
purpose : we explored an innovative technique in treating mycotic aortic aneurysms.
conclusion : we observed a good clinical outcome.
importance : alteration of ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging transverse relaxation is associated with late-life cognitive decline even after controlling for common neuropathologic conditions.
however , the underlying neurobiology of this association is unknown.
all participants agreed to undergo annual clinical evaluations and to donate their brains after death.
by @date@ , a total of @number@ individuals had died and had brain autopsies that were approved by board-certified neuropathologists.
of those , @number@ had undergone ex vivo imaging.
the gene expression analysis was limited to @number@ individuals with both imaging and brain rna sequencing data.
the dna methylation analysis was limited to @number@ individuals with both imaging and brain methylation data.
main outcomes and measures : maps of ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging transverse relaxation were generated using fast spin echo imaging.
next-generation rna sequencing and dna methylation data were generated using frozen tissue from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
genome-wide association analysis was used to investigate gene expression and , separately , dna methylation for signals associated with the r2 measure.
this study identifies the key factors associated with outpatient general practitioner ( gp ) , nursing or psychiatric healthcare utilization ( hcu ) within prisons.
for gp , nurse and psychiatric care , two-part regressions are used to model separately the probability and the volume of hcu.
predisposing factors are generally not associated with the probability to use healthcare services after controlling for needs factors.
however , female inmates use higher volumes of care , and the volume of gp consultations increases with age.
infectious , musculoskeletal , nervous and circulatory diseases actively mobilize gp and nursing staff.
schizophrenia , illicit drug and pharmaceuticals abuse are strongly positively associated with psychiatric and nurse hcu.
the occupancy rate displays positive associations among contextual factors.
prison healthcare systems face increasingly complex organizational , budgetary and ethical challenges.
this study provides relevant insights into the hcu patterns of a marginalized and understudied population.
background : lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) comprise a highly prevalent chronic condition among the aging male population.
existing literature on the experiences of men with luts is scarce given that only a few studies explored medical care-seeking behaviors and coping strategies.
the current understanding of the experiences of elderly males with luts is considerably limited.
methods and findings : a qualitative exploratory design using thematic analysis was used.
semi-structured interviews with @number@ chinese ageing males with moderate-to-severe luts were conducted.
according to the participants , luts adversely affect the physical aspects of their daily lives.
most of them were unwilling to seek social support and were even embarrassed to share this topic with their peers.
most of the interviewees lacked knowledge and held misconceptions toward luts , which prevented them from pursuing medical advice.
most of the participants also sought alternative treatments and developed self-help methods to cope with their symptoms.
conclusion : luts affects the physical and social aspects of sufferers.
proper health education and advice can be provided for this population.
methods : methylation levels were assessed using illumina 450k arrays on @number@ individuals of european ancestry from @number@ cohort studies.
previous studies have reported the adverse cognitive effects of high folate status in older individuals with vitamin b12 ( vb12 ) deficiency.
thus , the aim of this study was to investigate how high serum folate and vb12 deficiency could collaboratively aggravate neuronal degeneration.
in total , @number@ older non-demented diabetic individuals with an average age of @number@ ± @number@ were recruited.
among these subjects , there were @number@ with elevated mma and high folate.
the data represented @number@ individuals in @number@ of @number@ swedish municipalities.
nutritional competence appears vital for residents to be well-nourished.
objectives : behavioral factors , including protein intake , influence the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle.
a brief questionnaire exploring lifestyle habits , dietary preferences and the consumption of selected foods was administered.
muscle mass was estimated by calf circumference ( cc ) and mid-arm muscle circumference ( mamc ) of the dominant side.
muscle strength of upper and lower extremities was assessed through handgrip strength testing and repeated chair stand test , respectively.
the same results were found for cc ( p < 0.001 ) and mamc ( p < 0.001 ) .
participants with high protein intake and engaged in regular physical activity showed the higher scores in all the assessed domains.
conclusions : the results of the vip survey suggest an association between animal-derived protein intake and muscle mass and strength across ages.
our findings also indicate a synergistic effect of animal-derived protein intake and physical activity on muscle-related parameters.
background : malnutrition is common in hospital inpatients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
insufficient assistance at mealtimes can contribute to this and therefore trained volunteer mealtime assistants may be of benefit.
methods : a systematic search of medline , embase and cinahl was conducted to identify relevant articles.
articles of any methodology were considered.
quality assessment and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers independently.
participants : participants were inpatients in a hospital setting , including rehabilitation units.
participants in long term care facilities were excluded.
intervention : articles that examined the effect of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on nutritional outcomes or satisfaction with mealtime care were included.
results : @number@ articles were identified , of which @number@ were included in the review.
nine were small research studies and five were quality improvement initiatives.
the quality of eight studies was moderate , with one study being of lower quality.
eight articles reported dietary intake and seven demonstrated an improvement , with protein intakes at volunteer mealtimes increasing by @number@.3g-10.1g and energy intakes by 44-105kcal.
ten articles reported positive staff , patient and volunteer feedback.
no adverse events were reported.
larger studies with robust methodology are required to confirm this.
the pcr-rflp method were used to determine the distributions of selected alleles and genotype frequencies.
results : nearly @percent@ of analyzed women were in the first-time-diagnosed dyslipidemic state.
the dyslipidemic subjects were characterized with higher intake of energy , fat , and saturated fatty acids ( sfa ) .
conclusion : both nutritional and genetic factors are related to lipid profile.
the identification of gene-diet associations is likely to provide useful information about the etiology of postmenopausal dyslipidemia and help in effective treatment.
similarities in aging processes and prediction methodologies have been identified between human aging and aircraft aging.
two axis of collaboration have been raised : @number@ ) the identification of the determinants in aircraft aging ( structural aging ) .
@number@ ) the development of p4 systems medicine inspired new methodologies in the predictive maintenance.
objectives : an rct of a health promotion and preventive care intervention was done in 2001-2002.
here , long-term analyses based on @number@ years of follow-up of survival and of change in functional competence between intervention and control group are presented.
positive 1-year results ( significantly higher use of preventive services and better health behaviour ) were presented earlier.
design : parallel group randomised controlled trial ( rct ) with @number@ participants in the intervention and @number@ participants in the control group.
setting : the study took place in hamburg , germany and made use of health care structures and professionals of a geriatrics centre.
measurements : primary outcome : survival time ; in some analyses , adjustments were made for gender , age and self-perceived health.
results : mean time under observation was @number@ years.
conclusions : insignificant but consistent effects on survival and the dynamics of functional competence suggest effectivity of the complex intervention.
we plan to take a closer look at the effect of each reinforcement separately.
objectives : olfactory performance plays a vital role in several aspects of everyday life.
results : although the association of olfactory impairment and malnutrition is widely accepted strong evidence is scarce.
results : @number@ non-pediatric , non-geriatric females were in the becs-14 cohort.
we can only speculate on the reasons , such as differences in the health care , political and social system.
yet , it remains to be developed how the assessed health strengths / resources-profile may be integrated into aha management.
furthermore , we pooled individual data of six of these randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.
the main outcomes were change in lean body mass and change in muscle strength for both the meta-analysis and the pooled analysis.
setting : french community dwellers aged @number@ or over reporting subjective memory complaints , but free from clinical dementia.
the placebo group received identical capsules comprising liquid paraffin oil.
a larger specifically designed randomised controlled trial could be merited.
introduction : the executive function is a complex set of skills affected during the aging process and translate into subclinical cerebrovascular disease.
postural instability or motor slowness are some clinical manifestations , being consubstantial with the frailty phenotype , genuine expression of aging.
executive dysfunction is also considered a predictor of adverse health events in the elderly.
design : a population-based cohort study using data from the toledo study for healthy aging ( tsha ) .
methods : @number@ spanish elders aged ≥65 years underwent a neuropsychological evaluation in order to measure executive function.
cox proportional hazards model was used to examine mortality and hospitalization over @number@ and @number@ years of follow-up , respectively.
results : executive dysfunction is a powerful predictor of mortality , frailty and disability.
moreover , the executive impairment exhibits a strong positive tendency with age , comorbidity and mortality.
background : iodine deficiency is one of the three key micronutrient deficiencies highlighted as major public health issues by the world health organisation.
iodine deficiency is known to cause brain structural alterations likely to affect cognition.
however , it is not known whether or how different ( lifelong ) levels of exposure to dietary iodine influences brain health and cognitive functions.
methods : from @number@ participants initially enrolled in the lothian birth cohort study @number@ we obtained whole diet data from @number@
in individuals from these groups , brain lateral ventricular volume was positively associated with fat , energy and protein intake.
objectives : barriers to food intake ( fi ) exist in hospital that could exacerbate insufficient fi and malnutrition.
the mealtime audit tool ( mat ) is a staff-administered clinical assessment tool to identify fi barriers for individual patients.
two studies were completed.
design : multi-site , cross sectional.
setting : four acute care hospitals in canada.
participants : study 1 : @number@ older ( 65 + years , adequate cognition ) medical or surgical patients.
study 2 : @number@ medical or surgical patients.
measurements : in study @number@ participants had barriers experienced at one mealtime assessed with mat.
descriptive analyses characterized the prevalence of barriers across the hospitals.
revisions were made to the mat based on recommendations from sites.
a revised version was tested for inter-rater reliability in study @number@
intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) was calculated for total mat scores from @number@ patient meals assessed by two raters.
kappa statistics were calculated for each of the @number@ mat items.
the revised mat was reliable with an icc of @number@ ( 95%ci : @number@.52-0.79 ) .
ten of @number@ items in which kappa could be calculated had at least fair agreement.
conclusion : mat is sufficiently reliable when used by auditors with minimal training.
routinely auditing mealtimes with mat could be useful in identifying and removing barriers to food intake for older hospitalized patients.
no studies have investigated the consequences of such declines in the dairy intakes of irish older adults and the subsequent effects on vitamin micronutrient status.
the daily intake portion for milk , cheese and yoghurt was calculated from food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) responses.
there was no significant difference in total daily dairy serving intakes by age decade ( 60-69 , 70-79 , > 80 yrs ) .
overall , only @percent@ of the total population ( n @number@ ) achieved the recommended daily dairy intake of three or more servings per day.
a significantly higher proportion of females ( @percent@ ) compared to males ( @percent@ ) met these dairy requirements ( p = 0.011 ) .
conclusion : this study found that more than @percent@ of the older adults sampled did not meet current daily dairy intake recommendations.
these results suggest that older adults who are already vulnerable to micronutrient inadequacies , are forgoing the nutritional advantages of vitamin-rich dairy products.
objectives : the associations between nutritional status and lifestyle factors have not been well established.
methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted in liaobu town , dongguan city , china.
a total of @number@ community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited by stratified random sampling.
a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors of poor nutrition.
conclusions : while the prevalence of malnutrition was low , rm was high in the elderly population in china.
the determinants of malnutrition were explored and the relationships between nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle factors were examined.
the results of this study provide information for future longitudinal studies with multi-factorial interventional design in order to determine the effects of the causal relationships.
objectives : the interactions between nutritional supplementation and physical activity on changes in physical function among older adults remain unclear.
setting : participants were recruited from urban communities at @number@ field centers in boston ma usa and stockholm swe.
measurements : primary outcome was gait speed assessed by the 400m walk.
similar effects in physical function were observed using the sppb.
serum 25 ( oh ) d increased in supplemented group compared to placebo @number@ ng / ml versus @number@ ng / ml respectively.
conclusion : results suggest improved gait speed following physical activity program with no further improvement with added nutritional supplementation.
here , we report the crystal structure of the trf1-binding motif of human terb1 in complex with the trfh domain of trf1.
notably , specific disruption of the terb1-trf1 interaction by a point mutation in the mouse terb1 gene results in infertility only in males.
our findings uncover a specific mechanism of telomeres that surmounts the unique challenges of mammalian x-y pairing in meiosis.
at two loci ( jak2 and a1cf ) , experimental analysis in mice showed lipid changes consistent with the human data.
most genome-wide association studies have been of european individuals , even though most genetic variation in humans is seen only in non-european samples.
we identified @number@ variants at @number@ loci that reached chip-wide significance , including @number@ novel loci and @number@ east asian-specific coding variant associations.
after a meta-analysis including > 300 , 000 european samples , we identified an additional nine novel loci.
sixteen genes were identified by protein-altering variants in both east asians and europeans , and thus are likely to be functional genes.
mediation analysis helps researchers assess whether part or all of an exposure's effect on an outcome is due to an intermediate variable.
the indirect effect can help in designing interventions on the mediator as opposed to the exposure and better understanding the outcome's mechanisms.
testing for the indirect effect is challenged by the fact that the null hypothesis is composite.
we examined the performance of commonly used mediation testing methods for the indirect effect in genome-wide mediation studies.
this is a case that will arise frequently in genome-wide mediation studies.
caution is hence needed when applying the commonly used mediation tests in genome-wide mediation studies.
recent biochemical and molecular studies have given new insights into the multifaceted roles of recql4 that range from genomic stability to carcinogenesis and beyond.
pulmonary fibrosis is a relatively rare but devastating disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix.
unbiased genome-wide association studies combined with animal models suggest that damage to the alveolar epithelium is the initiating factor in pulmonary fibrosis.
this epithelial injury leads to the activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix proteins characteristic of fibrosis.
the best described molecular link between alveolar epithelial dysfunction and myofibroblast activation and proliferation is the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β ( tgf-β ) .
the purpose of this article is to review how ros signaling leads to the activation of tgf-β.
background : variation in baseline ear temperature , taken in the unadjusted mode , has yet to be established in different age groups.
because normal body temperatures show large variations , the same may be expected for increased temperatures in fever.
results : mean ear temperature was @number@ ± @number@.6°c overall and in the child and adult groups.
conclusions : ear body temperature is lower than traditionally reported and differs with age and sex.
an individual difftemp of @number@.0-1.5°c along with malaise might indicate fever.
dyslipidemia is a primary driver for chronic cardiovascular conditions and there is no comprehensive literature about its management in south africa.
to fulfill this objective we recruited for this cohort study adults aged ≥40 years residing in the agincourt sub-district of mpumalanga province.
data collection included socioeconomic and clinical data , anthropometric measures , blood pressure ( bp ) , hiv-status , point-of-care glucose and lipid levels.
the majority have abnormalities in triglycerides ( @percent@ ) .
as cardiovascular risk increased the rates of lipid control according to ldl level dropped.
the primary outcome measure was the comparison of cvfd detection rates.
results : the mean age of the population was @number@.2±10.1 years , and the mean deviation with hfa 24-2 was @number@.26±2.6 db.
the mean test duration was not significantly different between the tests ( p = @number@ ) .
the octopus g1 program showed @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ specificity to detect cvfd in eyes where the hfa 10-2 test revealed a cvfd.
conclusion : both hfa 10-2 and octopus g1programs showed cvfd not present at hfa 24-2 test although the agreement was moderate.
care in an assisted living facility costs $ 43 , 500 per person annually.
living in a personal home or residential setting-aging in place-by contrast , costs an average of $ 23 , 000 per person per year.
successful aging in place encompasses safety , health , and economic security.
two such programs , the naturally occurring retirement community ( norc ) model and the village model , seem to have had the most success.
elderburbs-older , age-unfriendly communities not focused on residents ' health care and mobility needs-remain and can present unique problems.
handheld technology or that integrated into housing can improve the standard of living , help elders improve their functioning , and even monitor medication.
the aging-in-place movement presents numerous opportunities for consultant pharmacists.
with increasing fracture risks due to fragility , osteoporosis is a global health problem threatening postmenopausal women.
in these patients , osteoclasts play leading roles in bone loss and fracture.
how to inhibit osteoclast activity is the key issue for osteoporosis treatment.
in recent years , mirna-based gene therapy through gene regulation has been considered a potential therapeutic method.
low vitamin d has also been shown to be associated with decline of muscle strength , sarcopenia , functional limitation , and disability.
several recent studies have shown that low serum vitamin d concentration is associated with lower physical function and falls in older adults.
older adults are generally more comfortable responding to survey items when asked by a real person rather than by completing self-administered paper-and-pencil or online questionnaires.
however , no studies have explored the psychometrics of this scale when administered to older adults over the telephone.
methods : respondents ( n = 283 ) completed eheals as part of a cross-sectional landline telephone survey.
exploratory structural equation modeling ( e-sem ) analyses examined model fit of eheals scores with 1- , 2- , and 3-factor structures.
subsequent analyses based on the partial credit model explored the internal structure of eheals data.
nonetheless , the @number@ factors were highly correlated ( r range @number@ to @number@ ) .
overfitting eheals items ( 2-5 ) displayed a similar degree of information for respondents at similar points on the latent continuum.
item reliability ( value = .92 ) and item separation ( value = @time@ ) estimates indicated that eheals responses were reliable and stable.
the brain changes as we age and these changes are associated with functional deterioration and neurodegenerative disease.
we present evidence supporting the use of neuroimaging-based ' brain age ' as a biomarker of an individual's brain health.
increasingly , research is showing how brain disease or poor physical health negatively impacts brain age.
importantly , recent evidence shows that having an ' older'-appearing brain relates to advanced physiological and cognitive ageing and the risk of mortality.
in recent years , many genetic variants have been identified in association with am and anm in genome-wide association studies among european populations.
breast cancer risk was also examined in relation to a polygenic risk score ( prs ) for each of the reproductive aging phenotypes.
of the prs was associated with breast cancer risk.
this study focuses on type @number@ diabetes mellitus , especially on undiagnosed cases and their increased risk of cognitive impairment.
furthermore , the potential of physical activity and social integration to moderate the relation between diabetes and cognitive impairment is assessed.
cognitive performance was measured with the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease ( cerad ) -plus test battery.
physical activity and cohabiting appeared to be beneficial.
conclusions / interpretation : physical activity and cohabitation status moderate the link between diabetes mellitus and cognitive performance.
special attention should be paid to undiagnosed and insulin-dependent diabetes cases , which have a particularly high risk of poor cognitive performance.
the cardio-ankle vascular index ( cavi ) is a reliable indicator of arterial stiffness and early arteriosclerosis.
the main objective of this study is to evaluate the gender-specific relationship between ms and cavi in the general chinese population.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects aged @number@ to @number@ years participated in this study.
cavi was measured noninvasively using a vasera vs-1000 device.
blood samples and waist circumference were examined to identify metabolic syndrome according to the criteria set forth in the @number@ joint scientific statement.
conclusions : there are gender-specific differences in the association of ms and cavi.
first , the effects of the number of ms components on cavi are stronger in females than in males.
second , the effect of each ms component on arterial stiffness may differ in relation to gender.
larger samples and longitudinal studies are needed to further confirm our results in the future.
purpose : aging is associated with slow reactive movement generation and poor termination.
tms was delivered at @percent@ of resting motor threshold randomly in @number@ ms increments between @number@ and @number@ ms after the tone.
objectives : skeletal age estimation is an integral part of the biological profile.
recent work shows how multiple-trait approaches better capture senescence as it occurs at different rates among individuals.
furthermore , a bayesian statistical framework of analysis provides more useful age estimates.
the present study contributes to ta-research by validating ta for multiple , differently experienced observers using a collection of modern forensic skeletal cases.
krippendorff's alpha was used to evaluate interrater reliability and agreement.
inaccuracy and bias were measured to gauge the magnitude and direction of difference between estimated ages and chronological ages among the five observers.
results : the majority of traits had moderate to excellent agreement among observers ( ≥0.6 ) .
the superior surface morphology had the least congruence ( @number@ ) , while the ventral symphyseal margin had the most ( @number@ ) among scores.
inaccuracy was the lowest for individuals younger than @number@ and the greatest for individuals over @number@
consistent over-estimation of individuals younger than @number@ and under-estimation of individuals over @number@ years old occurred.
individuals in their 30s showed a mixed pattern of under- and over-estimation among observers.
discussion : these results support the use of the ta method by researchers of varying experience levels.
further , they validate its use on forensic cases , given the low error overall.
people aged @number@ and older represent a fast-growing population segment who deserve specific attention and research.
aging is associated with a progressive decrease in hemoglobin concentration , which predicts adverse outcome , such as mortality , morbidity , frailty and disability.
whether this association is independent from increased prevalence of comorbidity , causing both anemia and reduced physical function is yet under debate.
@number@ persons ( @number@ women , age @number@ ± @number@ years ; @number@ men , age @number@ ± @number@ years ) underwent a blood draw.
covariates , inherent sociodemographic and health indicators and comorbidities were also included in the analysis.
the distribution of ss may predict the probable underlying cause.
this study aimed to report the prevalence and natural history of ss in a population-based study.
participants with imaging consistent with ss were identified from @number@ through @number@
an inverse probability weighting approach was used to convert our observed frequencies to population prevalence of ss.
additional data abstracted included amyloid positron emission tomography , apolipoprotein e genotype , coexisting cerebral microbleeds , and extent of ss.
results : a total of @number@ participants had eligible magnetic resonance imaging scans.
two participants had infratentorial ss , restricted to the posterior fossa.
thirteen participants had cortical ss involving the cerebral convexities ( @number@ focal and @number@ disseminated ) .
only @number@ of the participants with cortical ss ( @percent@ ) also had cerebral microbleeds.
the association with increased amyloid burden and apolipoprotein e ε2 genotype supports cerebral amyloid angiopathy as the most common mechanism.
longitudinal follow-up is needed to evaluate the risk of subsequent hemorrhage in cases of incidentally discovered ss.
in the dl-pdt group ( experimental group ) , @number@ treatments of the entire face are conducted over the course of @number@ months.
after preparation of the lesion and within @number@ min after mal application , patients expose themselves to daylight for @number@ h.
the efficacy of the treatment is evaluated at visits @number@ to @number@ by documenting all existing and new ak lesions in the face.
cosmetic results and improvement of photoaging parameters are evaluated by means of a modified dover scale.
primary outcome parameter is the cumulative number of ak lesions observed between visits @number@ and @number@
safety parameters are also documented ( adverse events and serious adverse events ) .
discussion : this clinical trial will assess the efficacy of repetitive dl-pdt in preventing ak and investigate possible rejuvenating effects of this treatment.
( trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02736760 ) .
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02736760 .
study code daylight 01.
eudract 2014-005121-13.
cell replacement has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to repair the brain in patients with huntington's and parkinson's disease.
post-mortem evaluations of healthy grafted tissue in such cases have revealed the development of huntington- or parkinson-like pathology including mutant huntingtin aggregates and lewy bodies.
an outstanding question remains if tau pathology can also be seen in patients with huntington's and parkinson's disease who had received foetal neural allografts.
we show that grafts also contain tau pathology in both types of transplanted patients.
abundant tau-related pathology was observed in the cortex and striatum of all cases studied.
purpose : this research aimed to develop and evaluate a website with information on speech-language therapy area with focus on the aging process.
a website containing information with simple language , clear purpose and concise content was designed based on scientific evidence.
the website development followed the steps : analysis and planning , modeling , implementation and evaluation.
evaluators invited to participate were part of the following categories : elderly people , caregivers and speech-language therapists.
the sample consisted of @number@ elderly , @number@ caregivers and @number@ speech-language therapists.
most individuals ( @percent@ ) were females , who often accessed the internet ( @percent@ ) and had different educational levels.
results : statistical analyses were performed using the kruskal-wallis test and spearman correlation coefficient.
the website's content was classified as \ "adequate \ " and the website's technical quality as \ "excellent \ ".
there was no statistically significant difference between the categories and subscales or the overall score.
the obtained results were compared with the results of adult healthy subjects , forming a control group.
material and methods : the study included @number@ participants aging between @number@ and @number@ years.
the control group ( cg ) , comprised of @number@ participants , mirrored the same age and gender status of the eg.
dental status was determined by decayed , missing , and filled teeth ( dmft index ) .
quantity and ph value of saliva were determined in the laboratory.
mean number of filled teeth in the eg was statistically significantly lower than in the cg ( p < 0.001 ) .
they should receive intensive preventive care , including oral hygiene instruction and dietary advice.
the aims of present study were to evaluate the prevalence , risk factors , and prognostic significance of masked hypertension in diabetic patients.
demographics , medical histories , and medications usage were obtained using questionnaire.
fasting venous blood was drawn for biochemical analysis.
multivariate regression analysis showed that aging , increased hba1c and crp levels , and prevalent chd were independently associated with masked hypertension.
in summary , in diabetic patients , concurrent masked hypertension increases the odds of having cvd.
future randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate whether screening and managing masked hypertension could reduce cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.
in road runners , the age-related performance decline has been well investigated for marathoners , but little is known for half-marathoners.
we analysed data from @number@ runners ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) competing between @number@ and @number@ in göteborgsvarvet , the world's largest half-marathon.
moreover , pwv frequently remains high in hypertensive patients despite adequate bp control.
the factors associated with such phenomena are yet to be elucidated.
there were @number@ controlled hypertensives and @number@ normotensives.
for each age group , we defined patients with a bapwv above the mean + sd bapwv for the group as the high-bapwv cohort.
multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that bmi , hypertension , and smoking were independent determinants of a high-bapwv subject.
this finding implies that the hypertensive state itself possibly worsens arterial stiffness independently from aging in spite of adequate bp maintenance.
the normal cellular function requires communication between mitochondria and the nucleus , termed mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling.
disruption of this mechanism has been implicated in the development of cancers.
many proteins are known modulators of retrograde signaling , but whether micrornas ( mirnas ) are also involved is unknown.
however , it is unclear whether differences in age-related changes in ts are associated with general health.
methods : cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between intra-individual hormone changes and all-cause , cvd and cancer mortalities.
results : a total of @number@ men ( @percent@ ) died during the follow-up period.
no consistent associations were seen in cause-specific mortality analyses.
however , few studies account for the possible influence of comorbid medications when conducting tdcs research.
relevant papers ' reference lists were also reviewed for thoroughness.
studies examined the effects of medication on @number@ ma tdcs delivered to m1 ( motor ) and orbit / supraorbital ( so ) area.
all studies measured the effects of tdcs via mep tms paradigm.
conclusions : research to date suggests multiple classes of medications may impact tdcs effects.
these results highlight the importance of documenting medication use in research subjects and carefully considering what types of medications should be allowed into tdcs trials.
antibodies are thought to play an essential role in naturally acquired immunity to malaria.
furthermore , the degree of individual-level protection conferred by elevated responses to these antigens has not yet been explored.
here we applied a machine learning approach to identify immune signatures predictive of individual-level protection against clinical disease.
we find that commonly assumed immune correlates are poor predictors of clinical protection in children.
background : males are increasingly seeking minimally invasive cosmetic procedures such as botulinum toxin injection.
however , few studies have specifically examined the efficacy of such procedures among men.
objective : to assess the efficacy of incobotulinumtoxina for treating glabellar frown lines ( gfls ) in men.
lower proportions of male responders on the facial wrinkle scale / merz aesthetics scales were consistent with results from onabotulinumtoxina and abobotulinumtoxina gfl studies.
conclusion : compared with females , males demonstrate lower response rates on wrinkle severity scales in studies on all @number@ available botulinum toxins.
variations in treatment response are potentially associated with key male anatomic differences ( e.g. , muscle mass ) .
results emphasize the need for customized treatment plans.
background : men are a growing patient population in aesthetic medicine and are increasingly seeking minimally invasive cosmetic procedures.
impact of race / ethnicity ( caucasian , black , asian , hispanic ) on severity of each feature was assessed.
subjects also reported the frequency of dermatologic facial product use.
results : the study included @number@ men.
glabellar lines , crow's feet lines , and nasolabial folds showed the greatest change with age.
in all racial / ethnic groups , most men did not regularly engage in basic , antiaging preventive behaviors , such as use of sunscreen.
background : patients who are aging , with weight gain , and increased skin laxity , request dermatologists to improve their neck area.
surgical and nonsurgical options are reviewed as well as benefits and side effects.
this article will focus on how surgical techniques can be applied for male patients in particular.
objective : to review surgical neck rejuvenation therapies available currently to find the best option for male patients.
most patients choose to have this performed underline tumescent anesthesia when given the choice of sedation versus local anesthesia.
this approach allows for maximum tightening of the platysmal bands.
the incision line can be minimized using intraoperative laser resurfacing immediately after suturing.
chin implants are necessary in some patients to give good neck improvement.
the isolated neck lift is one the most common procedures requested by men asking for neck improvement.
background : facial rejuvenation continues to be an increasing trend among males.
the periorbital region deserves special mention given the overall differences in aesthetics between sexes.
objective : to examine the aesthetics of the upper eyelid , lower eyelid , lateral canthus , and brow with respect to male periorbital rejuvenation.
methods : the upper eyelid , lower eyelid , lateral canthus , and brow are examined , highlighting aesthetic differences in males and females.
conclusion : sex-specific treatment approaches with lasers and energy-based devices should be used to best serve male cosmetic patients.
background : men are increasingly seeking aesthetic treatment with neuromodulators.
background : men of color include a diverse population encompassing individuals with fitzpatrick skin types iv through vi.
yet , there is a paucity of data describing the cosmetic concerns of this population.
results : there are intrinsic differences in skin and hair of darker-complexioned men , particularly in hispanics , african americans , asians , and afro-caribbeans.
advantages of darker skin include increased photoprotection , slowed aging , and a lower incidence of skin cancer.
however , the increased content of melanin is associated with myriad dyschromias including melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) .
additional common skin conditions of concern in men of color include pseudofolliculitis barbae , acne keloidalis nuchae , and keloids.
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a common , benign condition in women.
women in the united states have a @percent@ lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for pop ( @number@ ) .
although pop can occur in younger women , the peak incidence of pop symptoms is in women aged 70-79 years ( @number@ ) .
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a common , benign condition in women.
women in the united states have a @percent@ lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for pop ( @number@ ) .
although pop can occur in younger women , the peak incidence of pop symptoms is in women aged 70-79 years ( @number@ ) .
recent findings : these recent findings suggest that the end-of-life is molecularly and physiologically highly stereotyped , evolutionarily conserved and predictable.
summary : taken altogether , these results from independent teams using multiple organisms including humans draw the lines of future directions in ageing research.
the ability to identify and study individuals about to die of natural causes with no apparent diseases is a game-changer in this field.
in addition , the public health applications are potentially of tremendous impact in our ageing societies and raise important ethical questions.
purpose of review : obesity and obesity-related diseases , largely resulting from urbanization and behavioral changes , are now of global importance.
energy restriction , though , is associated with health improvements and increased longevity.
we review some important mechanisms related to calorie limitation aimed at controlling of metabolic diseases , particularly diabetes.
there are many somatic and potentially psychologic benefits of fasting or intermittent calorie restriction.
however , some behavioral modifications related to abstinence of binge eating following a fasting period are crucial in maintaining the desired favorable outcomes.
the alzheimer cohorts consortium aggregates data from nine international population-based cohorts to determine changes in the incidence of dementia since @number@
finally , we will meta-analyse changes per decade across cohorts , and repeat all analysis stratified by sex , education and apoe genotype.
the average age at baseline is similar across cohorts ranging between @number@ and @number@
background : globally , national health systems are challenged to build successful aging models to prepare for biomedical , psychological and social changes.
the integral component of psychosocial health in overall quality of life and well-being , however , is underscored and requires greater focus.
changing demographics in nigeria , in addition to cultural considerations and absence of a social security system , present unique challenges to elderly.
background : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is a highly prevalent disorder leading to heart failure , stroke , and death.
enhanced understanding of modifiable risk factors may yield opportunities for prevention.
studies were identified from medline and embase databases from inception to @date@ .
the association of tsh levels in the euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid range with incident af was examined by using cox proportional hazards models.
in euthyroid participants , we additionally examined the association between ft4 levels and incident af.
tsh at baseline was not significantly associated with incident af in euthyroid participants or those with subclinical hypothyroidism.
circadian rhythms are autonomous anticipatory oscillators that control a large array of physiological and metabolic processes.
compelling evidence points toward an interplay between circadian rhythms and cellular redox metabolism.
dysregulation of circadian rhythms is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and accelerated aging.
tea polyphenols ( tp ) is one of the most used antioxidants and exerts beneficial effect on neurodegenerative diseases.
with aging population and development in imaging technology , many more elderly with early-stage lung cancers are being diagnosed than in the past.
lobectomy and sub-lobar resection are two main surgical approach for the treatment for this kind of patients.
this review aimed to compare these two methods for this hot issue.
we evaluated the role of cognitive and brain reserve markers in modifying the risk of postoperative delirium associated with a pathophysiologic marker.
the successful aging after elective surgery study ( sages ) enrolled @number@ adults age ≥70 years without dementia scheduled for major surgery.
patients were assessed preoperatively and daily during hospitalization for delirium.
we used c-reactive protein ( crp ) as a pathophysiologic marker of inflammation , previously associated with delirium.
vocabulary knowledge , cognitive activities , and education significantly modified the association of crp and postoperative delirium ( p < @number@ ) .
however , effect sizes-when statistically significant-were small in magnitude.
the strongest effect modification was observed for vocabulary knowledge : high scores were generally protective but not at high levels of crp.
select reserve markers attenuate the risk of delirium associated with lower grade inflammatory processes , supporting the role of reserve in delirium.
the proprotein convertase furin is a potential target for drug design , especially for the inhibition of furin-dependent virus replication.
an initial study in mice revealed a narrow therapeutic range for this tetrabasic compound , while significantly reduced toxicity was observed for some tribasic analogues.
this suggests that the toxicity depends at least to some extent on the overall multibasic character of this inhibitor.
therefore , in a first approach , the c-terminal benzamidine of mi-1148 was replaced by less basic p1 residues.
despite decreased potency , a few compounds still inhibit furin in the low nanomolar range , but display negligible efficacy in cells.
these results provide a promising starting point for the development of efficacious and well-tolerated furin inhibitors.
importance : low income has been associated with poor health outcomes.
owing to retirement , wealth may be a better marker of financial resources among older adults.
objective : to determine the association of wealth with mortality and disability among older adults in the united states and england.
we examined @number@ @number@ participants enrolled in hrs and @number@ enrolled in elsa in @number@
analyses were stratified by age ( 54-64 years vs 66-76 years ) because many safety-net programs commence around age @number@ years.
participants were followed until @number@ for mortality and disability.
exposures : wealth quintile , based on total net worth in @number@
main outcomes and measures : mortality and disability , defined as difficulty performing an activity of daily living.
slightly over half of respondents were women ( hrs : @number@ @percent@ ; elsa : @number@ @percent@ ) .
we found increased risk of death and disability as wealth decreased.
in 66- to 76-year-old participants , the absolute risks of mortality and disability were higher , but risk gradients across wealth quintiles were similar.
conclusions and relevance : low wealth was associated with death and disability in both the united states and england.
this relationship was apparent from age @number@ years and continued into later life.
access to health care may not attenuate wealth-associated disparities in older adults.
most common breast cancer susceptibility variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) of predominantly estrogen receptor ( er ) -positive disease.
substantial resources have been devoted to researching this disease , and rich multimodal data resources have been generated.
we will detail this data platform in terms of its architecture , its data integration strategy , and its data services.
then , we will consider how to leverage this data platform to accelerate risk factor identification and pathogenesis study with its data analytics capability.
this chapter will provide a concrete pathway for developing a data platform for studying and preventing insidious onset chronic diseases in this data era.
methods : we constructed three high-resolution human head models representing young , elder , and mci subjects and modeled two electrode configurations using rectangular electrodes.
conclusion : this study provides a framework for further advanced studies in establishing new methodologies or modifying stimulation parameters.
neurodegenerative diseases pose an extraordinary threat to the world's aging population , yet no disease-modifying therapies are available.
here , we investigated the association between common genetic variants at the 7p21 locus and risk of the neurodegenerative disease frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
furthermore , increases in the amount of tmem106b resulted in increases in abnormal lysosomal phenotypes and cell toxicity in both immortalized cell lines and neurons.
we then combined fine-mapping , bioinformatics , and bench-based approaches to functionally characterize all candidate causal variants at this locus.
it has brought more hope than ever of increasing the size of primordial follicle pool , improving ovarian function and delaying ovarian consenescence.
traditional view holds that stem cell aging contributes to the senility of body and organs.
pathological tau aggregates occur in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies.
recent studies have shown that tau aggregates may form distinct structural conformations , known as tau strains.
specifically , we identified differences in tau strain potency between ad-tau , cbd-tau , and psp-tau in non-tg mice.
furthermore , we demonstrated that the neuronal connectome , but not the tau strain , determines which brain regions develop tau pathology.
finally , cbd-tau- and psp-tau-injected mice showed spatiotemporal transmission of glial tau pathology , suggesting glial tau transmission contributes to the progression of tauopathies.
together , our data suggest that different tau strains determine seeding potency and cell-type specificity of tau aggregation that underlie the diversity of human tauopathies.
however , it remains to be determined whether this extends to the cerebrovasculature.
to examine this , @number@ ( @number@ young ( ≤35 years ) and @number@ aged ( ≥60 years ) ) healthy males were recruited.
however , tau pathology is also intimately associated with neurodegeneration and amyloid pathology.
twelve patients additionally fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for posterior cortical atrophy and eight for logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia.
raw cognitive scores were converted to age-adjusted z-scores ( w-scores ) and averaged to compute composite scores for each cognitive domain.
this pattern of regional associations remained essentially unchanged-although less spatially extended-when grey matter volume or 11c-pib uptake maps were added as covariates.
mediation analyses revealed both direct and grey matter-mediated effects of 18f-av-1451 uptake on cognitive performance.
together , these results show that tau pathology is related in a region-specific manner to cognitive impairment in alzheimer's disease.
these regional relationships are weakly related to amyloid burden , but are in part mediated by grey matter volumes.
these results might have implications for future therapeutic trials targeting tau pathology.
loss-of-function mutations in two riboflavin transporter genes , slc52a2 and slc52a3 , have recently been linked to brown-vialetto-van laere syndrome.
however , the genetic frequency , neuropathology and downstream consequences of riboflavin transporter mutations are unclear.
mitochondrial dysfunction has previously been implicated in an array of neurodegenerative disorders.
this in turn led to abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential , respiratory chain activity and morphology.
in a first step , we extracted a set of eight representative meta-measures from the data.
each of them collects a related group of anthropometrical features and changes specifically upon aging.
in a second step we defined seven body types by clustering the meta-measures of all participants.
our study shows that the concept of body types provides a reliable option for the anthropometric characterization of developing and aging populations.
background : identification of families at risk for ovarian cancer offers the opportunity to consider prophylactic surgery thus reducing ovarian cancer mortality.
methods : prospective counseling and germline testing of consecutive patients with primary diagnosis or with platinum-sensitive relapse of an invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.
testing included @number@ candidate and established risk genes.
a positive family history was defined as at least one relative with breast cancer or ovarian cancer or breast cancer in personal history.
results : in total , we analyzed @number@ patients : @number@ patients with primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and @number@ patients with relapsed disease.
median age at primary diagnosis was @number@ years ( range 16-93 ) and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had a high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
the prevalence of deleterious variants did not differ significantly between patients at primary diagnosis and relapse.
family history was positive in @percent@ of all patients.
testing only for brca1 / 2 would miss in our series more than @percent@ of the patients with a deleterious variant in established risk genes.
conclusions : @percent@ of all patients harbor at least one deleterious variant in established risk genes.
our study tested whether opel have lesser prevalence of cvd independent of lifestyle factors.
prevalence of cvd and cvd risk factors was assessed in a population of community-dwelling ashkenazi jewish adults aged @number@ to @number@ years.
medical and lifestyle information was obtained using standardized questionnaires.
socioeconomic status was defined based on validated classification scores.
background : instantaneous wave-free ratio ( ifr ) has been used in clinical practice to identify functionally significant stenosis and to guide treatment strategy.
objectives : the authors investigated the changes in resting pd / pa and ifr according to anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and their prognostic implications.
percent difference of ifr according to the increase in anatomic and hemodynamic severity was higher than that of resting pd / pa.
conclusions : both resting pd / pa and ifr showed similar associations with anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and the risk of mace.
patients with alzheimer's disease can present with different clinical phenotypes.
@number@ male ironman athletes ( age : 35±1 yrs.
telomere length at birth has been related to life expectancy.
an association between prenatal air pollution exposure and telomere length at birth could provide new insights in the environmental influence on molecular longevity.
exposures : maternal residential pm2.5 ( particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm ) exposure during pregnancy.
main outcomes and measures : in the newborns , cord blood and placental tissue relative telomere length were measured.
maternal residential pm2.5 exposure during pregnancy was estimated using a high-resolution spatial-temporal interpolation method.
conclusions and relevance : mothers who were exposed to higher levels of pm2.5 gave birth to newborns with shorter telomere length.
the observed telomere loss in newborns by prenatal air pollution exposure indicates less buffer for postnatal influences of factors decreasing telomere length during life.
therefore , improvements in air quality may promote molecular longevity from birth onward.
objective : having experienced 2-3 births is associated with reduced mortality versus women with < 2 or ≥4 births.
the effect of 2-3 births on lifespan may be associated with delayed cellular aging.
we hypothesized telomere length , a marker of cellular aging , would be longer in women who had 2-3 pregnancies.
results : the mean and sd for telomere length was @number@ ± @number@ t / s in the whole cohort.
we defined high-risk ( shorter ) telomere length as ≤25th percentile , and low-risk ( longer ) telomere length as ≥75 percentile.
there were no differences in the prevalence of high-risk or low-risk telomere length between gravidity groups.
conclusions : gravidity was not associated with telomere length in early middle age ; the protective association of 2-3 births may act through other mechanisms.
the majority of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) have electrocardiographic abnormalities , but the clinical significance of conduction disturbances remains unclear.
the pr interval and qrs duration in their previous ecgs were analyzed retrospectively.
the pr interval gradually increased with age , but no ecgs showed an abnormally prolonged pr interval.
on the other hand , the qrs duration tended to increase progressively with age , and some patients had an abnormally prolonged qrs duration.
the qrs duration was not correlated with lv systolic function ( p = @number@ ) .
attention should be paid to the qrs duration as an indicator of risk for complete av block in older patients.
teriparatide ( @number@ µg daily subcutaneous ) ( tpd ) was used as an open label active comparator.
these outcomes combined with a positive safety profile make abl an interesting addition to the armamentarium against postmenopausal osteoporosis.
it has thus become challenging for physicians to identify drugs causing adverse events.
recommendations could be improved by learning the associations of patients and ades as more ade cases are accumulated through iterations.
after consulting the system-generated recommendations , a physician can alter prescriptions accordingly and report feedback , enabling the system to evolve with actual causal relationships.
results : a prototype system is developed using ade cases reported over @number@ years and recommendations obtained from decision tree analysis are validated by physicians.
two representative cases demonstrate that the personalized recommendations could contribute to more prompt and accurate responses to ades.
our illustrative results show the promise of the proposed system and further studies are expected to validate its performance with quantitative measures.
advanced in vivo amyloid stages were most frequent in patients with ad and correlated with cognitive impairment in individuals without dementia.
clonal hematopoieses after chemotherapy , in marrow failure , and with aging serve as models.
we caution against the overinterpretation of clinical results of genomic testing in the absence of a better understanding of clonal selection and evolution.
atherosclerosis is an arterial disease process characterized by the focal subendothelial accumulation of lipoproteins , immune and vascular wall cells , and extracellular matrix.
these inflammatory responses often become chronic and non-resolving and can lead to arterial damage and thrombosis-induced organ infarction.
the innate immune response is regulated at various stages , from hematopoiesis to monocyte changes and macrophage activation.
the adaptive immune response is regulated primarily by mechanisms that affect the balance between regulatory and effector t cells.
mechanisms related to cellular cholesterol , phenotypic plasticity , metabolism , and aging play key roles in affecting these responses.
herein , we review select topics that shed light on these processes and suggest new treatment strategies.
partner dance has been shown to be beneficial for the health of older adults.
robots could potentially facilitate healthy aging by engaging older adults in partner dance-based exercise.
however , partner dance involves physical contact between the dancers , and older adults would need to be accepting of partner dancing with a robot.
participants led the robot by maintaining physical contact and applying forces to the robot's end effectors.
participants tended to perceive the robot as easier to use after performing the pst with it.
through a qualitative data analysis of structured interview data , we also identified facilitators and barriers to acceptance of robots for partner dance-based exercise.
throughout the study , our robot used admittance control to successfully dance with older adults , demonstrating the feasibility of this method.
overall , our results suggest that robots could successfully engage older adults in partner dance-based exercise.
total heat loss ( evaporative ± dry heat exchange ) and metabolic heat production were measured using direct and indirect calorimetry , respectively.
body heat storage was measured as the temporal summation of heat production and loss.
conclusions : increasing ambient humidity reduces heat loss capacity in young and older women.
purpose : calorie restriction ( cr ) improves health span and delays age-related diseases in many species.
the aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of cr on v˙o2max and muscle strength in the calerie trial.
results : the cr group achieved an average @percent@ ± @percent@ cr during the 2-yr intervention.
body weight decreased in cr ( @number@ ± @number@ kg ) , but not al ( @number@ ± @number@ kg ) .
the cr group increased their treadmill test time and workload at @number@ and @number@ yr.
strength results in cr were similar , with decreases in absolute flexor and extensor strength , but increases when expressed relative to body mass.
no changes were observed for v˙o2max expressed relative to lean body mass or leg lean mass.
conclusions : two years of modest cr without a structured exercise component did not appear to compromise aerobic capacity in healthy nonobese adults.
the clinical implications of the observed changes in v˙o2max and muscle strength will be important to explore in future studies.
methods : participants were randomized to either a pa or health education ( he ) program.
the pa intervention included a walking regimen with strength , flexibility , and balance training.
the he program featured health-related discussions and a brief upper body stretching routine.
patterns of activity were characterized as bouts ( defined as the consecutive minutes within an intensity ) .
results : across groups , tpa decreased an average of @number@ min·wk annually.
the pa intervention attenuated this effect ( pa = @number@ vs he : @number@ min·wk , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the pa intervention increased pa by shifting the composition of activity toward higher-intensity activity in longer-duration bouts.
however , a long-term structured pa intervention did not completely eliminate overall declines in total daily activity experienced by mobility-impaired older adults.
custom-designed falls care management software facilitates risk factor assessment , the identification of recommended interventions , clinic note generation , and longitudinal care management.
the trial testing the effectiveness of the stride intervention is in progress , with results expected in late @number@
objectives : to examine the association between neighborhood cohesion and risk of self-neglect in a community-dwelling chinese-american older population.
setting : community.
participants : chinese-american older adults aged @number@ and older interviewed from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
design : data were drawn from the population study of chinese elderly , a cross-sectional community-engaged study in the greater chicago area.
measurements : self-neglect was assessed with systematic observations of a participant's personal and home environment.
neighborhood cohesion was measured using six questions.
conclusion : this study highlights the association between greater neighborhood cohesion and lower risk of overall self-neglect in chinese-american older adults.
enhancing neighborhood cohesion may enhance elder self-neglect prevention and intervention.
background : falls of individuals with dementia are frequent , dangerous , and costly.
early detection and access to the history of a fall is crucial for efficient care and secondary prevention in cognitively impaired individuals.
however , most falls remain unwitnessed events.
furthermore , understanding why and how a fall occurred is a challenge.
video capture and secure transmission of real-world falls thus stands as a promising assistive tool.
methods : a pilot observational study ( july- @date@ ) was carried out in a californian memory care facility.
video review was provided to facility staff , thanks to a customized mobile device app.
results : over @number@ months , @number@ falls were video-captured.
a drop in fall rate was observed in the last month of the study.
acceptability was good.
video review enabled screening for the severity of falls and fall-related injuries.
video replay enabled identifying cognitive-behavioral deficiencies and environmental circumstances contributing to the fall.
this allowed for secondary prevention in high-risk multi-faller individuals and for updated facility care policies regarding a safer living environment for all residents.
conclusions : video monitoring offers high potential to support conventional care in memory care facilities.
among them , @number@ initially non-frail participants were re-examined @number@ years later.
skin af ( arbitrary units ( au ) ) was measured using the age reader.
frailty was defined using fried's criteria.
associations were assessed with logistic regression models.
results : mean skin af at baseline was @number@ ±0.68 au and @percent@ participants were frail.
among @number@ non-frail participants , @number@ became frail over @number@ years.
no association was observed with other criteria.
further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our results.
microglia-involved neuroinflammation is thought to promote brain damage in various neurodegenerative disorders.
thus , inhibition of microglial over-activation may have a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
micheliolide ( mcl ) is a sesquiterpene lactone which inhibits various inflammatory response.
however , whether mcl can inhibit neuroinflammation caused by lps-activated bv2 microglia has not yet been explored.
mcl also attenuated mrna levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as inos , cox-2 , tnf-α , il-6 and il-1β.
mechanistic studies revealed that mcl suppressed lps-stimulated the activation of iκbα / nf-κb pathway and akt pathway.
meanwhile , mcl markedly promoted antioxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) expression by enhancing nf-e2-related factor @number@ ( nrf2 ) activity.
together , our results imply that mcl may serve as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.
objective : to identify factors associated with late-life longitudinal change in aee.
rmr was measured using indirect calorimetry and the thermic effect of meals was estimated at @percent@ of tee.
aee was calculated as : tee ( @number@ ) -rmr.
participants were categorized into two groups according to the estimated day-to-day precision of the doubly-labeled water technique.
those who were within @percent@ or increased relative to their initial aee measurement were categorized as having preserved aee.
participants who declined greater than @percent@ of their initial measurement were categorized as having reduced aee.
results : daily aee declined @number@.61±293.25 kcal , which equated to a @number@.63±40.57 kcal / d decrease per year.
fifty-nine percent ( n = @number@ ) preserved their aee and @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) declined.
background : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is a common cardiac disease in aging populations with high comorbidity and mortality.
sex differences in af epidemiology are insufficiently understood.
median follow-up time was @number@ ( to a maximum of @number@ ) years.
cumulative incidence increased markedly after the age of @number@ years in men and after @number@ years in women.
the lifetime risk was similar ( > 30% ) for both sexes.
subjects with incident af had a @number@.5-fold risk of death in comparison with those without af.
body mass index explained the largest proportion of af risk.
flavonoids reduce aβ production , inhibit neuroinflammation , increase cerebrovascular function , and improve cognitive performance.
fldk restored antioxidant enzyme activities , as well as reduced the lipid peroxidation product , malondialdehyde , and inflammatory mediators.
these results demonstrate that fldk alleviates cognitive decline and reduces aβ burden , microglial activation , oxidative stress , and inflammation responses.
four types of circulating igfbp complexes were examined in this study by immuno- and ligand-binding assays in adults of different age.
in contrast to igfbp-1 , igfbp-2 was present in significantly greater quantities in complexes with α2m dimer than α2m monomer in older individuals.
igfbp complexes did not bind human telomeres and promoter regions of genes fulfill a significant role in cellular aging and cancer.
these regions comprise of guanine and cytosine-rich repeats , which under certain conditions can fold into g-quadruplex ( g4 ) and i-motif structures , respectively.
background : morphometric measurements of systemic atherosclerosis and direct quantification of visceral fat are only possible using materials from autopsy studies.
materials and methods : we evaluated deceased subjects aged @number@ years or above.
we also investigated the interaction of pf and avf with age regarding the atherosclerotic burden.
results : the mean age of the @number@ included subjects was @number@.8±15.3 years , and @percent@ was male.
we did not find an association of pf or avf with carotid or cerebral atherosclerotic burden.
background : testing whether familial socioeconomic status ( ses ) in childhood is a predictor of mortality has rarely been done on historical cohorts.
methods : the birth certificates of @number@ individuals born 1914-1916 in @number@ districts of the paris region were retrieved.
multivariate imputation by chained equations ( mice ) , generalized additive models ( gams ) and mixed effect cox models were used.
results : mad showed large variations according to paternal occupation.
mad experienced by illegitimate children was @number@ y ( @percent@ ci : [ @date@ @number@ ] ) shorter than of legitimate children.
the multivariate analysis revealed that in both sexes survival to age @number@ y was predicted independently by legitimacy and paternal occupation.
conclusions : paternal occupation and legitimacy status were strong predictors of offspring longevity in this one-century historical cohort born during world war one.
stabilization of stalled dna replication forks is a recently identified parpi-resistance mechanism that promotes genomic stability in brca1 / 2-deficient cancers.
dissecting the molecular pathways controlling genomic stability at stalled forks is critical.
low ezh2 levels reduce h3k27 methylation , prevent mus81 recruitment at stalled forks and cause fork stabilization.
as a consequence , loss of function of the ezh2 / mus81 axis promotes parpi resistance in brca2-deficient cells.
accordingly , low ezh2 or mus81 expression levels predict chemoresistance and poor outcome in patients with brca2-mutated tumours.
this study investigated the use of chemotherapy and survival in elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
median age of @number@ patients who received chemotherapy was @number@ years ( range 21-86 years , @percent@ was ≥80 years ) .
after adjustment for confounding factors , worse survival of treated patients ≥75 years persisted.
study design controlled laboratory study , cross-sectional.
background the gluteus medius ( gmed ) and gluteus minimus ( gmin ) provide dynamic stability of the hip joint and pelvis.
these muscles are susceptible to atrophy and injury in individuals during menopause , aging , and disease.
methods intramuscular electrodes were inserted into each segment of the gmed and gmin in @number@ healthy , postmenopausal women.
participants completed @number@ gluteal rehabilitation exercises , and average normalized muscle activity was used to rank the exercises from highest to lowest.
the highest-ranked dynamic exercise for all muscle segments was the dip test.
j orthop sports phys ther @number@ ; 47 ( @number@ ) : 914-922.
epub @date@ . doi : 10.2519 / jospt.2017.7229.
background : subclinical hyperthyroidism ( shyper ) has been associated with increased risk of hip and other fractures , but the linking mechanisms remain unclear.
objective : to investigate the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and bone loss.
methods : individual participant data analysis was performed after a systematic literature search in medline / embase ( 1946-2016 ) .
two reviewers independently screened and selected prospective cohorts providing baseline thyroid status and serial bone mineral density ( bmd ) measurements.
background : epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent.
objective : we examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in european women.
background : understanding the anatomy of the lower eyelid and the lid-cheek junction is important for surgical and non-surgical approaches.
it is important to understand the correlation between the clinical presentation and the individual anatomy to direct an adequate treatment.
the various anatomical structures important for the understanding of the symptoms and the proposed treatment are described in this article.
results : the anatomy of the lower eyelid and the lid-cheek junction has to be understood as a unit.
structures are continuous from the eyelid to the cheek influencing each other during aging.
objective : the role of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer is still uncertain.
all patients underwent peritoneal washing , simple hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and nodal staging including sln mapping , or ld.
overall @number@ lymph nodes were removed ( @number@ in monza , @number@ in rome ) .
pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in @percent@ and @percent@ in monza and rome , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) .
patients with positive pelvic ln were @percent@ and @percent@ , in sln and ld groups , respectively ( p = 0.002 ) .
conclusions : survival outcomes were similar for both strategies.
applying a sln algorithm does not impair the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients.
the clinical impact and management of low volume metastasis in high-risk patients should be further clarify.
objectives : inadequate sleep increases the risk for age-related cognitive decline and recent work suggests a possible role of the gut microbiota in this phenomenon.
partial sleep deprivation alters the human gut microbiome , and its composition is associated with cognitive flexibility in animal models.
results : better sleep quality was associated with better stroop performance and higher proportions of the gut microbial phyla verrucomicrobia and lentisphaerae.
stroop word and color-word performance correlated with higher proportions of verrucomicrobia and lentisphaerae.
verrucomicrobia and sleep quality were not associated with stroop word performance independent of one another.
prospective and experimental studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether improving microbiome health may buffer against sleep-related cognitive decline in older adults.
the incidence of this neoplasm tends to increase with population aging , diabetes and obesity's augmentation.
in rare cases , a hereditary factor has been described : lynch's syndrome.
the latest classification proposed by the cancer genomic atlas ( tcga ) , has been made routinely applicable through the international consortium transportec.
this integrated characterization combined with mutational data opens new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
consequently , this study examined burden and qol in caregivers of youth with ocd enrolled in an intensive outpatient or partial hospitalization program.
seventy-two child and caregiver dyads completed clinician- and self-rated questionnaires.
results : components of caregiver qol correlated with caregiver-rated functional impairment , family accommodation , youth externalizing behaviors , and caregiver psychopathology.
aspects of caregiver burden correlated with child ocd symptom severity , functional impairment related to ocd , as well as caregiver and child comorbid psychopathology.
caregiver depressive symptoms predicted caregiver qol , and caregiver depressive symptoms and child externalizing symptoms both predicted caregiver burden.
caregiver burden did not mediate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and caregiver qol.
conclusion : ultimately , elucidating factors associated with increased caregiver burden and poorer qol is pertinent for identifying at-risk families and developing targeted interventions.
baseline clinical and demographic variables , pd medications , neuroimaging , and genetic variables were evaluated as potential predictors of csf biomarker changes.
the t-tau remained stable.
the p-tau increased marginally more in patients with pd than in hc. α-syn remained relatively stable in patients with pd and hc.
ratios of p-tau / t-tau increased , while t-tau / aβ42 decreased over @number@ months in patients with pd.
csf biomarker changes did not correlate with changes in movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified parkinson's disease rating scale motor scores or dopamine imaging.
csf α-syn levels at @number@ months were lower in patients with pd treated with dopamine replacement therapy , especially dopamine agonists.
conclusions : these core csf biomarkers remained stable over @number@ and @number@ months in patients with early pd and hc.
pd medication use may influence csf α-syn.
novel biomarkers are needed to better profile progressive neurodegeneration in pd.
objective : to estimate the prevalence of elevated brain amyloid and reduced cortical thickness ( as a marker for neurodegeneration ) in a defined population.
the prevalence of ad biomarkers was derived by adjusting for nonparticipation and standardizing to the olmsted county , minnesota , population.
the prevalence of reduced cortical thickness was @percent@ ( @number@.4%-31.5% ) : women , @percent@ ; men , @percent@.
current evidence suggests that physical activity ( pa ) and sedentary behavior are important for cognition.
design : this was a cross-sectional study.
cognitive function was indexed using the alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive-plus ( adas-cog plus ) .
conclusions : participants with probable mci were less active and more sedentary.
the relationships of these behaviors with cognitive function differed by mci status ; associations were found only in participants without mci.
objective : this study used rasch analysis to examine the psychometric properties of the mal and lf-mal in patients with stroke.
design : this is a methodological study.
evidence of disordered thresholds and poor model fit were found both in the mal and lf-mal.
the person-item map showed that these assessments were difficult for our participants.
the person reliability coefficients of these assessments ranged from @number@ to @number@
no items in the revised mal and lf-mal exhibited bias related to patients ' characteristics.
limitations : one limitation is the recruited patients , who have relatively high-functioning ability in the lf-mal.
conclusions : the revised mal and lf-mal are unidimensional scales and have good reliability.
the categories function well , and responses to all items in these assessments are not biased by patients ' characteristics.
however , the revised mal and lf-mal both showed floor effect.
further study might add easy items for assessing the performance of activity in real-life situations for patients with stroke.
study objectives : cross-sectional studies suggest that insomnia symptoms are associated with falls in later life.
at each wave , participants reported recent sleep medications use and falls since the last wave , and were evaluated for balance and walking speed.
the effects of insomnia symptoms on fall risk differed by sleep medications use.
the extent of insomnia symptoms exhibited a positive , dose-response relation with risk of falling among those not using sleep medications.
older adults using physician-recommended sleep medications exhibited a consistently higher fall risk irrespective of the extent of insomnia symptoms.
conclusions : the number of insomnia symptoms predicts 2-year fall risk in older adults.
taking physician-recommended sleep medications increases the risks for falling in older adults , irrespective of the presence of insomnia symptoms.
methods : a total of @number@ psp and @number@ healthy older adult controls participated in this study.
the participants underwent an overnight polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test ( mslt ) the following day.
prior to the mslt last trial , they were asked to complete the stanford sleepiness scale.
data were assessed for measures of latency to sleep onset , sleep duration , waking , and sleep staging during the night.
spectral analysis of wake electroencephalogram ( eeg ) was performed for 30-second periods at the start of each mslt trial.
gamma power was increased during wake eeg in psp ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : sleep / waking regulation and rem sleep regulation are disrupted in psp , leading to profound sleep deprivation without recuperation.
our findings suggest a diminished homeostatic sleep drive in psp.
this hyperaroused state is unique and is a severely disabling feature of psp.
objective : to investigate the role of l5 in the mechanism of adipose tissue inflammation associated with mets.
the effects of l5 were attenuated in mice deficient for l5's receptor , lectin-like oxidized ldl receptor @number@ ( lox-1 ) .
l5 but not l1 induced human adipocytes to release inflammatory adipocytokines.
migrated cells were positive for mature macrophage marker pm-2k , indicating the transformation of monocytes into macrophages.
the infiltration of m1 macrophages in adipose tissue was also observed in a previously established hamster model of endogenously elevated l5.
conclusions : l5 induces adipose inflammation through lox-1 by promoting macrophage maturation and infiltration into adipose tissue.
elevated plasma l5 levels may be a novel etiology of adipose tissue inflammation in patients with mets.
aging in custody and the rising population of elderly prisoners are creating compelling challenges for criminal justice , prison and public healthcare systems.
geriatric syndrome and higher prevalence of co-morbidities amongst older inmates result in heightened vulnerability in prison environments.
our findings identified three barriers to accessing health services in prison including psychological obstacles , negative consequences of healthcare utilization , and environmental hurdles.
we suggest further training of prison and medical staff for better management of age-related issues in prison can ease the environmental obstacles.
background : the number of clinical trials including older patients , and particularly patients with cognitive impairment , is increasing.
methods : two authors independently searched pubmed , cochrane , and google scholar data-bases between @date@ and @date@ .
the search was actualized in @date@ .
existing reviews were also considered.
the macarthur competence assessment tool for clinical research ( maccat-cr ) was the most frequently cited.
conclusion : the maccat-cr is currently the most used and the best validated questionnaire.
however , it appears difficult to use and time-consuming.
background : attitudes to the aging process are affected by the individual's sociocultural background.
content , face and construct ( exploratory factor analysis ) validities of the aaq were assessed.
in addition , its reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and stability.
for discriminant validity , the discriminant power of the aaq in terms of gender and education levels was evaluated.
descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
results : the exploratory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the aaq.
therefore , it can be used for assessing attitudes toward aging among older adults.
caring for a relative with dementia is extremely challenging ; conventional interventions may not be highly effective or easily available on some occasions.
this study aimed to explore the efficacy of mindfulness training in improving stress-related outcomes in family caregivers of people with dementia using a meta-analytic review.
seven rcts were included in our review.
pooled evidence did not show a significant advantage of mindfulness training compared with control conditions in the alleviation of caregiver burden or anxiety.
future large-scale and rigorously designed trials are needed to confirm our findings.
clinicians may consider the mindfulness program as a promising alternative to conventional interventions.
purpose : hip fractures are associated with poor prognosis in elderly patients partly due to the high rate of postoperative complications.
this study was aimed to investigate whether the surgical risk calculator is suitable for predicting postoperative complications in elderly chinese patients with hip fractures.
the predicted complication incidence rate was well matched with the actual complication rate by hosmer-lemeshow test.
the surgical calculator model had an accuracy of @percent@ for predicting the reoperation rate ( brier's score < 0.01 ) .
conclusions : the surgical risk calculator could be useful for predicting mortality and reoperation in elderly patients with hip fracture.
patients and surgeons may use this simple calculator to better manage the preoperative risks.
bone is a mineralized conjunctive tissue , with a unique trauma healing capability.
however , the replacement or regeneration of lost bone is not always successful and becomes more difficult the wider the bone defect.
in this context , the present work provides an overview of the most recent advances in the field of synthetic bone grafts.
the hallmark pathological feature in most cases of als is nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein tdp-43 in degenerating neurons.
consistent with this pattern of intracellular protein redistribution , impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking has emerged as a mechanism contributing to als pathology.
dysfunction in nucleocytoplasmic transport is also an emerging theme in physiological aging and other related neurodegenerative diseases , such as huntington's and alzheimer's diseases.
objective : to investigate the associations between age , vascular health , and alzheimer disease ( ad ) imaging biomarkers in an elderly sample.
a subset of @number@ individuals had fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) pet.
longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between tau deposition and vascular health.
ann neurol @number@ ; 82 : 706-718.
the sdc and sat elicited greater activity in the left middle frontal region of interest.
three components of the st produced increases in the right middle frontal and superior frontal , and left superior frontal regions.
an association between advanced age and increased activation in the right middle frontal region was observed during the incongruent st.
recent work has suggested that older adults may be less susceptible to the next-day effects of alcohol relative to younger adults.
the present study examined age-group ( younger vs. older adults ) differences in how alcohol use influenced next-day tiredness during daily life.
empirical evidence on positive emotions is scarce and mixed.
part of the inconsistencies may be related to study differences in the stimuli used and the emotional response systems considered.
we additionally explored whether conscientiousness , as a marker of self-regulatory skills , is associated with interindividual and age-related differences in positive emotions.
contrary to our prediction , however , older adults verbally and nonverbally expressed fewer positive emotions than their younger counterparts.
the conserved characteristics , defined neuroanatomy , and advanced technological application of caenorhabditis elegans render this metazoan an unmatched tool for probing neurotoxic factors.
in addition , its short lifespan and importance in the field of aging make it an ideal organism for modeling age-related neurodegenerative disease.
as such , this nematode system has demonstrated its value in predicting functional modifiers of human neurodegenerative disorders.
here , we review how c. elegans has been utilized to model alzheimer's disease.
purpose : age-related eye disease is often considered part of natural aging.
lack of awareness of eye conditions can result in missed treatment.
we assessed whether patients were aware of their eye condition based on a previous diagnosis by a physician.
results : the average awareness rate over the 3-year study period was @percent@ in subjects with cataract and @percent@ in subjects with age-related macular degeneration.
the presence of diabetes mellitus was also a significant predictor of patient awareness of cataract ( odds ratio , @number@ ) .
conclusions : poor patient recognition of eye disease among the korean elderly highlights the seriousness of this potential public health problem in our aging society.
have yet been reported in varicella-zoster virus ( vzv ; also known as human herpesvirus @number@ [ hhv-3 ] ) .
here we analyzed next-generation sequencing ( ngs ) data for small rnas in vzv-infected fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cell-derived ( hesc ) neurons.
these sequences are perfectly conserved between viruses from three clades of vzv.
importantly , transfected synthetic rna oligonucleotides antagonistic to the mirna candidate significantly enhanced vzv plaque growth rates.
the presence of @number@ additional small noncoding rnas was also verified by taqman qpcr in productively infected fibroblasts and arpe19 cells.
our results show vzv , like other human herpesviruses , encodes several sncrnas and mirnas , and some may regulate infection of host cells.
the notion that prion-like spreading of misfolded α-synuclein ( α-syn ) causes parkinson's disease ( pd ) has received a great deal of attention.
although attractive in its simplicity , the hypothesis is difficult to reconcile with postmortem analysis of human brains and connectome-mapping studies.
an alternative hypothesis is that pd pathology is governed by regional or cell-autonomous factors.
while each hypothesis alone has its shortcomings , a synthesis of the two can explain much of what we know about the etiopathology of pd.
the endosome is increasingly recognized as an important crossroad for app and these secretases , with major implications for app processing and amyloidogenesis.
among various post-translational modifications affecting app accumulation , ubiquitination of cytodomain lysines may represent a key signal controlling app endosomal sorting.
an app mutant lacking all c-terminal lysines underwent the most pronounced increase in processing , leading to accumulation of both secreted and intracellular aβ40.
artificial app ubiquitination with rapalog-mediated proximity inducers reduced aβ40 generation.
our findings demonstrate that ubiquitin can act as a signal at five cytodomain-located lysines for endosomal sorting of app.
androgens play a crucial role in bone , muscle and fat metabolism , erythropoiesis and cognitive health.
in men aged 40-79 years the incidence of biochemical deficiency and symptomatic hypogonadism is @number@.1-5.7%.
decreased libido or reduced frequency and quality of erections , fatigue , irritability , infertility or a diminished feeling of wellbeing may be presenting complaints.
however , a significant proportion of men with androgen deficiency will be identified when they present for unrelated concerns.
alcohol , anabolic steroids and illicit substance use such as marihuana can impact on testosterone levels and non-prescribed drug use should be routinely discussed.
the mainstay of treatment in persisting androgen deficiency is to restore normal physiological levels of testosterone by using exogenous testosterone.
it may take at least three to six weeks to notice any clinical improvement in symptoms.
men should then be reviewed at least annually thereafter.
in the u.s. , asian populations are of particular concern because of their seafood consumption behaviors.
methods : we estimated admi from seafood using the 30-day fish consumption data from the nhanes 2011-2014 datasets.
using multivariable linear regression , we estimated the proportional change in mean bmehg associated with a doubling of the admi.
further , correlations between admi and bmehg were compared between asians and other racial / ethnic groups.
correlations between admi from seafood and blood hg levels were stronger among asian wora than among non-asian wora.
shorter-term effects of tc were assessed by randomly allocating tc-naïve participants to either @number@ months of tc training or to a waitlist control.
the alpha ( α ) long-range scaling coefficient derived from dfa and gait speed were evaluated as outcomes.
in contrast , gait speed was unaffected in both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.
trial registration : the randomized trial component of this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( nct01340365 ) .
transcription factor nrf2 , encoded by nfe2l2 , is the master regulator of defense against stress in mammalian cells.
somatic mutations of nfe2l2 leading to nrf2 accumulation promote cell survival and drug resistance in cancer cells.
nrf2 accumulation leads to widespread misregulation of gene expression and an imbalance in cytosolic redox balance.
background : telomeres are repetitive dna sequences located at the ends of chromosomes , and telomere length represents a biological marker for cellular aging.
interpersonal sensitivity , excessive sensitivity to the behavior and feelings of others , is one of the vulnerable factors to depression.
in the present study , we examined the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on telomere length in healthy subjects.
methods : the subjects were @number@ unrelated healthy japanese volunteers.
mean age ± sd ( range ) of the subjects was @number@ ± @number@ ( 30-61 ) years.
interpersonal sensitivity was assessed by the japanese version of the interpersonal sensitivity measure ( ipsm ) .
leukocyte telomere length was determined by a quantitative real-time pcr method.
results : higher scores of the total ipsm were significantly ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) related to shorter telomere length.
in the sub-scale analysis , higher scores of timidity were significantly ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) associated with shorter telomere length.
objective : recent studies suggest antinuclear antibodies ( ana ) may be related to mortality risk , but evidence is sparse and inconclusive.
thus , we investigated ana associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in u.s. adults.
models adjusted for age , sex , race / ethnicity , education , and obesity.
conclusion : these findings suggest that ana are not strongly associated with mortality in the general population.
longitudinal studies with repeated assessments are needed to understand the temporal relationship between ana , aging-associated diseases , and mortality.
after advanced age , female sex is the major risk factor for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the biological mechanisms underlying the increased ad risk in women remain largely undetermined.
preclinical studies identified the perimenopause to menopause transition , a neuroendocrine transition state unique to the female , as a sex-specific risk factor for ad.
in animals , estrogenic regulation of cerebral glucose metabolism ( cmrglc ) falters during perimenopause.
this is evident in glucose hypometabolism and decline in mitochondrial efficiency which is sustained thereafter.
statistical parametric mapping and multiple regression models were used to examine clinical , cmrglc and cox data across groups.
as expected , the meno group was older than peri and controls.
groups were otherwise comparable for clinical measures and distribution of apoe4 genotype.
a gradient in biomarker abnormalities was most pronounced in meno , intermediate in peri , and lowest in cnt ( p < 0.001 ) .
biomarkers correlated with immediate and delayed memory scores ( pearson's @number@.26≤r≤0.32 , p≤0.05 ) .
results : in @percent@ nigrosome 1was at least unilaterally clearly present.
in @percent@ at least one-sided limited visibility was observed.
using predefined classification criteria the specificity of the visibility across all age groups reached approximately @percent@.
we found no correlation with increasing iron concentrations with age.
conclusion : aging with a related increase in iron concentration probably does not affect the visibility of nigrosome @number@ at 7t swi mri.
methods : this is a secondary analysis of the health , aging , and body composition study.
urinary incontinence symptoms were assessed using validated questions.
the short physical performance battery measured physical performance.
all parameters were evaluated at baseline and year @number@
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations were assessed at year @number@
the primary outcome was change in short physical performance battery total scores.
sarcopenia and lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations have been independently associated with poor physical performance and ui and were therefore included as secondary outcomes.
results : of the @number@ women enrolled , @number@ were excluded ( @number@ had baseline ui ; @number@ with missing data ) .
six hundred seventy-three women were continent at baseline ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed ui symptoms at year @number@
sarcopenia developed at a higher rate with incident ui ( adjusted odds ratio [ or ] @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.0-2.9 ) .
conclusion : we observed a significant decline in standing balance among older women who developed ui symptoms.
this decline may be associated with coinciding development of sarcopenia.
skeletal muscle dysfunction and mass loss is a characteristic feature in patients with chronic diseases including cancer and acute conditions such as critical illness.
maintenance of an adequate muscle mass is crucial for the patients ' prognosis irrespective of the underlying condition.
moreover , aging-related sarcopenia may further aggravate the muscle wasting process associated with chronic diseases and cancer.
genetic inhibition of parp activity attenuated the deleterious effects seen on depleted muscles in mouse models of oncologic cachexia.
in the present minireview the mechanisms whereby parp activity inhibition may improve muscle mass and performance in models of cancer-induced cachexia are discussed.
finally , the potential therapeutic strategies of pharmacological parp activity inhibition for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia are also being described in this review.
the circadian rhythm is a fundamental physiological process present in all organisms that regulates biological processes ranging from gene expression to sleep behavior.
in vivo studies also require significant resources and infrastructure , and require researchers to work all night.
we constructed a vector that drives transcription of the destabilized luciferase in eukaryotic cells under the control of the human period @number@ gene promoter.
here , we present a detailed protocol to establish and validate the assay.
in beta cells , it increases insulin secretion , prevents apoptosis , and induces regeneration.
it is unclear how gaba mediates these effects.
we hypothesized that klotho is involved.
it is a multi-functional protein expressed in the kidneys , brain , pancreatic beta cells , other tissues , and is cell-bound or soluble.
klotho knockout mice display accelerated aging , and in humans klotho circulating levels decline with age , renal disease and diabetes.
here , we report that gaba markedly increased circulating levels of klotho in streptozotocin ( stz ) -induced diabetes.
gaba also increased klotho in the islet of langerhans of normal mice , as well as the islets and kidneys of stz-treated mice.
in vitro , gaba stimulated production and secretion of klotho by human islet cells.
knockdown ( kd ) of klotho with sirna in ins-1e insulinoma cells abrogated the protective effects of gaba against stz toxicity.
following kd , soluble klotho reversed the effects of klotho deficiency.
in human islet cells soluble klotho protected against cell death , and stimulated proliferation and insulin secretion.
nf-κb activation triggers beta-cell apoptosis , and both gaba and klotho suppress this pathway.
we found klotho kd augmented nf-κb p65 expression , and abrogated the ability of gaba to block nf-κb activation.
this is the first report that gabaergic stimulation increases klotho expression.
klotho protected and stimulated beta cells and lack of klotho ( kd ) was reversed by soluble klotho.
these findings have important implications for the treatment of t1d.
regions with significant cbf differences between t2dm participants and controls at baseline were detected using voxel-wise analysis.
correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between regional cbf and cognitive or mobility performance over the 2-year span.
compared to controls , participants with t2dm had decreased cbf in the resting-state default mode , visual , and cerebellum networks.
in t2dm , impairment of resting regional perfusion is closely related to worse cognitive and mobility performance.
insulin resistance may further contribute to regional perfusion deficit in t2dm.
worldwide , dementia is the most important contributor to disability in elderly patients.
treating patients with dementia can be challenging for clinicians because of the numerous behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) .
however , several are supported with only limited literature findings.
among these , mt has the most substantial data.
mt has demonstrated benefit throughout mild-severe stages of dementia.
the extended impact is attributed to associated brain pathology.
mt's mode of delivery is essential to the evidencebased use of music interventions and delivery methods.
the literature citations show that adequately trained individuals should ideally conduct several forms of mt to obtain optimal benefit.
there are several studies investigating the impact of the various forms of mt on alleviating bpsd.
among the numerous reviewed studies , six trials and three meta-analyses were included in this article.
bladder tamponade is thought to be caused mainly by bladder cancer or radiation cystitis.
however , in women , it may often be caused by cystitis in clinical settings.
this has not been noted in previous reports of bladder tamponade in japan.
thus , we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of @number@ male and @number@ female patients with bladder tamponade.
the patients'median age was @number@ years.
in addition , more women were nursing home residents , with a higher rate of voiding with diapers and antithrombotic use than men.
causative strains of cystitis were diverse , and some were antibiotic resistant.
most of the cases of bladder tamponade in the women occurred in the elderly and were caused by cystitis.
we previously characterized a 177-kda allergen , m-177 , from dermatophagoides farinae.
recombinant allergens were produced as trigger-factor-fused proteins in escherichia coli.
der f 14-n showed the highest ige-binding frequency among der f 14-derived fragments in patients allergic to house dust mite by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
der f 14-n showed the highest capacity to induce cell proliferation in murine lymphocyte and human peripheral mononuclear cells among der f 14-derived fragments.
the high prevalence of ige binding to the der f 14-n indicates that it could be an important mite allergen.
participants were community-dwelling chinese adults aged 60 + ( human longevity is influenced by environment and nutrition.
we considered environmental and nutritional factors relating to longevity in chinese cities.
we found higher 85 + / 65 + distribution ratios , indicating enhanced longevity , in the coastal and southern regions of china.
nutritional factors like se and omega-3 fatty acids contained in sea fish were crucial to longevity.
in contrast , the consumption of meat and freshwater fish were less related to longevity.
other factors require further discussion.
after a spinal anesthetic was placed , a dose of dexmedetomidine determined by the dixon up-and-down method was administered over @number@ minutes.
there was no difference between the young and middle-aged groups ( p = @number@ ) .
background : prisons and jails are facing sharply increased demands in caring for aged and dying inmates.
prior research adapted best practices in eol care and aging ; but , delivery methods lacked emerging technology-focused learning and interactivity.
aim : homocysteine ( hcy ) is a sensitive marker of one-carbon metabolism.
higher hcy levels have been associated with global dna hypomethylation.
we investigated the association between plasma hcy and epigenome-wide dna methylation in leukocytes.
methods : methylation was measured using illumina @number@ k arrays in @number@ individuals from six cohorts.
hcy-associated differentially methylated positions and regions were identified using meta-analysis.
conclusion : we identified novel epigenetic loci associated with hcy levels , of which specific role needs to be further validated.
background : sarcopenic obesity ( so ) is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the disproportion between the amount of lean mass and fat mass.
exercise decreases fat and maintains muscle mass ; however , older people fail to exercise at doses sufficient to affect musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic risk factors.
we further generated a daily protein intake of @number@.7-1.8 g / kg / body mass per day.
however , the suboptimum effect on functional parameters should be addressed by increased voluntary activation during wb-ems application.
objective : to evaluate safety and effectiveness of supraorbital keyhole approach to the sella and anterior skull base via a forehead wrinkle incision.
methods : we analyzed and reclassified forehead wrinkle types in @number@ recruited healthy individuals.
all clinical patient records were retrospectively reviewed.
gross total removal of the lesions was achieved in @percent@ of the cases using this approach.
all patients had excellent cosmetic results.
no permanent approach-related complications occurred.
conclusions : the supraorbital keyhole approach via a forehead wrinkle incision was safe and effective.
this approach provided a sufficient visual field for lesion resection and satisfactory cosmetic results for patients.
the relationship between muscle pathology and extracellular myomir release is complex , and incompletely understood.
ct / rt consisted of pelvic irradiation plus cisplatin based chemotherapy.
objective response was evaluated according to recist criteria ; radical hysterectomy and pelvic ± aortic lymphadenectomy was attempted in patients achieving response or stable disease.
surgical morbidity was classified according to the chassagne grading system.
results : @number@ cases underwent rs ; metastatic pelvic and aortic lns were documented in @percent@ , and @percent@ of cases , respectively.
of @number@ early complications , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were lymphovascular.
the most frequent late complications were lymphovascular ( n = 25 / 61 , @percent@ ) .
this approach may avoid lymphadenectomy in @percent@ of patients with a favourable impact on lymphovascular morbidity.
this review is devoted to klotho protein and recent evidences for its functions in the brain.
information on transcriptional regulation of the klotho gene and posttranslational modifications of the protein resulting in multiple forms of klotho is reviewed.
a possible contribution is proposed for klotho levels in the development of central nervous system pathologies including mental disorders.
the role of uvb in skin photo damages has been widely reported.
overexposure to uvb will induce severe dna damages in epidermal cells and cause most cytotoxic symptoms.
however , underlying molecular mechanism of pauf functioning in pancreatic cancer are not fully understood yet.
treatment of human pancreatic cancer cells with recombinant mouse dcpp1 elevated cell growth , motility , invasiveness , and adhesiveness.
mouse dcpp1 exerted its function on pancreatic cancer cells by activating intracellular signaling pathways involved in aggressive cancer phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells.
moreover , subcutaneous injection of mice with dcpp1-overexpressing cho cells increased tumor sizes.
polysaccharides from trichosanthes peel ( tpp ) were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction.
tpp-1 was separated from the tpp by sephadex g-100 column chromatography.
phosphorylation of tpp-1 was carried out and phosphorylated tpp-1 was named as pttp-1.
the results of infrared spectra , the presence of food components may alter the colloidal aspects and toxicity of nanoparticles ( nps ) .
exposure to zno nps significantly induced cytotoxicity to caco-2 and hepg2 cells , associated with increased intracellular zn ions but not superoxide.
in addition there are those cases where many alterations are seen in a sparse extent , but jointly they lead to a clinical syndrome.
tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain.
some disorders show specific neuroimaging features , while examination of the cerebrospinal fluid awaits markers for in vivo stratification of cases.
this concept might have relevance for the development of therapies.
for cost-effective screening for tau pathologies in neuropathologic practice , examination of the hippocampus , amygdala , and basal ganglia is recommended.
uncommon morphologies or unusually extensive forms of tau pathologies should raise the suspicion of a genetic background.
ongoing multidisciplinary studies are needed to understand the whole spectrum and significance of tau pathologies.
vitamin deficiency disorders display a wide variety of neurologic signs and symptoms , the pathogenesis of which is not clearly understood.
calcifications ( vascular wall and parenchymal ) occur in the normal aging brain and in neurodegeneration ; some associated genes are already described.
these cells show a wide range of reactions to various noxious agents , which can be detected in routine stainings.
some of these reactions are nonspecific to different injuries ; however some , such as the appearance of inclusion bodies , can be highly disease-specific.
immunohistochemical markers are widely used in neuropathologic diagnostic practice and help to understand the pathogenesis of diseases.
the most widely used neuronal markers comprise phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments , microtubule-associated protein-2 , neun , or synaptic markers such as synaptophysin.
further astroglial markers include connexin-43 , excitatory amino acid transporters , aquaporin-4 , heat shock protein hsp27 , and α-b-crystallin.
a wide range of microglia functions is recognized.
the best markers include the clone cr3 / 43 , iba1 , and cd68.
evaluation of cell reactions is the first step in the diagnostic procedure.
the research summarized here has pursued the goal of determining the physiological and clinical significance of biological grounding.
design • the research team has summarized more than @number@ peer-reviewed reports.
where appropriate , blinded studies examined in this paper were conducted using a variety of statistical procedures.
results • all studies discussed revealed significant physiological or clinical outcomes as a result of grounding.
repeated cell divisions and aging impair stem cell function.
however , the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood.
pot1a is highly expressed in young hscs , but declines with age.
in mouse hscs , pot1a knockdown increases dna damage response ( ddr ) and inhibits self-renewal.
conversely , pot1a overexpression or treatment with pot1a protein prevents ddr , maintained self-renewal activity and rejuvenated aged hscs upon ex vivo culture.
moreover , treatment of hscs with exogenous pot1a inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species , suggesting a non-telomeric role for pot1a in hsc maintenance.
consistent with these results , treatment with exogenous human pot1 protein maintains human hsc activity in culture.
methods : one hundred thirty-six healthy elderly from the berkeley aging cohort study were followed up for a mean of @number@ years.
cognition was summarized with previously validated factor scores.
results : scd score demonstrated good construct validity compared to an existing measure of subjective memory and was partially explained by several lower-order measurements.
pib + individuals with more severe scd demonstrated the steepest cognitive decline.
worse scd predicted faster decline in working memory independently of pib status.
no such effects were seen for affective scores when adjusted for scd.
conclusions : pib + individuals with scd are at greatest risk of cognitive decline.
evidence for amyloid alone is not sufficient to indicate risk of rapid cognitive decline in healthy elderly.
effects of gds on cognitive decline in nondepressed cohorts may be driven by scd rather than subsyndromal depression.
methods : this was a longitudinal cohort study of the swedish dementia and stroke registries.
odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were calculated with logistic and ordinal logistic regression.
results : the median age at stroke onset was @number@ years in both groups.
ivt was administered to @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients with dementia and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients without dementia.
the or of receiving ivt was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.54-0.86 ) for patients with dementia.
however , differences persisted in patients ≤80 years of age ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.36-0.94 ) .
background : the aging process is often associated with the presence of sarcopenia.
we calculated whole body production ( wbp ) and metabolite to metabolite interconversions.
plasma enrichments and metabolite concentrations were measured by gc- and lc-ms / ms and statistics were performed by student t-test.
no differences were observed in protein catabolism.
conclusions : specific differences exist between young and older adults in amino acid metabolism.
lipid peroxidation in aging human retina has been shown by biochemical means.
however , information on the cellular sites of os and antioxidant responses in aging human retina remains limited.
initially , hne-ir was present in few macular cone outer segments ( cos , sixth decade ) .
despite extensive research into the neurophysiological correlates of retrieval mode , as of yet , relatively little is known about its functional significance.
in experiment @number@ participants had to alternate between the episodic memory task and a semantic task requiring a natural / artificial decision.
in experiment @number@ the two tasks were instead performed in separate blocks.
erps locked to the preparatory cues in the test phases indicated that participants did not establish retrieval mode on switch trials in experiment @number@
in the absence of retrieval mode , neither type of studied item elicited erp correlates of familiarity-based retrieval ( fn400 ) .
with blocked retrieval in experiment @number@ both types of old items instead elicited equivalent fn400 and lpc old / new effects.
the lpc data indicate that retrieval mode may play an important role in the successful recollection of conceptual stimulus information.
the fn400 results additionally suggest that task switching may have a detrimental effect on familiarity-based memory retrieval.
ggstop has been widely used in academic and medicinal research , and also as an active ingredient ( nahlsgen ) in commercial anti-aging cosmetics.
however , little is known about how klf4 regulates tert expression.
here , we discover poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase @number@ ( parp1 ) as a novel klf4-interacting partner.
knockdown of parp1 reduces tert expression and telomerase activity not only in cancer cells , but also in human and mouse escs.
recruitment of klf4 to tert promoter is reduced in parp1-suppressed cells.
repression of parp1 in mouse escs decreases expression of pluripotent markers and induces differentiation.
we previously reported potent quinoline-based pde5 inhibitors ( pde5is ) for the treatment of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the low aqueous solubility rendered them undesirable drug candidates.
methods patients older than @number@ years undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery from @number@ to @number@ were retrospectively analyzed.
sarcopenia was measured using total psoas area at the l-4 vertebra on perioperative ct scans.
hospital billing data were used to compare inpatient costs , transfusion rate , and rate of advanced imaging utilization.
results of the @number@ patients assessed , @number@ were sarcopenic.
sarcopenic patients were @number@ times as likely to require a blood transfusion ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
sarcopenic patients also had greater pharmacy , laboratory , respiratory care , and emergency department costs.
conclusions this study is the first to show that sarcopenia is associated with higher postoperative costs and rates of blood transfusion following thoracolumbar spine surgery.
measuring the psoas area may represent a strategy for predicting perioperative costs in spine surgery patients.
this study assessed the impact of rotavirus diarrhea on hrqol of children and their caregivers.
the severity of diarrhea was assessed using the vesikari severity scoring system while the hrqol was assessed using the eq-5d-3l.
results : the mean eq-5d utility of children with all-causes diarrhea was @number@
the family caregiver's utility was @number@ at baseline and significantly decreased to @number@ ( p-value = @number@ ) when their children were hospitalized with diarrhea.
in multiple regression analyses , severity but not rotavirus infection had significant negative impacts on the utility of both the children and their caregivers.
leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis ( mps ) , with potential to facilitate accrual / maintenance of muscle mass.
animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong mps and delay onset of a \ "muscle-full \ " state.
however , the effects of nutrient \ "top-ups \ " in humans , and particularly older adults where deficits exist , have not been explored.
however , the specific effect of neuroanatomical aging on the efficiency of economic decision-making is poorly understood.
all participants were functionally normal with mini-mental state examination scores ranging between @number@ and @number@
instead , reduction of gray matter density in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex correlates tightly with irrational behavior.
less is known about this association in patients with hf with preserved ejection fraction ( hfpef ) .
objectives : the aims of this study were to examine associations of discharge heart rate with outcomes in hospitalized patients with hfpef.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had a discharge heart rate of < 70 beats / min.
results : the @number@ matched patients had a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ were women , and @percent@ were african american.
similar associations were observed regardless of heart rhythm or receipt of beta-blockers.
background : daily habits , including the number and quality of eating occasions , are potential targets for primary prevention strategies with large health impacts.
skipping breakfast is considered a frequent and unhealthy habit associated with an increased cardiovascular ( cv ) risk.
lifestyle and multivascular imaging data along with clinical covariates were collected from @number@ participants.
multivariate logistic regression models were used in the analysis.
conclusion : skipping breakfast is associated with an increased odds of prevalent noncoronary and generalized atherosclerosis independently of the presence of conventional cv risk factors.
( progression of early subclinical atherosclerosis [ pesa ] ; nct01410318 ) .
weight gain accompanied by an increased tendency for central fat distribution is common among women in midlife.
central obesity , in particular , results in several adverse metabolic consequences , including dysglycemia , dyslipidemia , hypertension , and cardiovascular disease.
given that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women , the importance of weight management in midlife cannot be overemphasized.
in addition , weight gain in midlife contributes to other health risks including cancer , arthritis , mood disorders , and sexual dysfunction.
it is imperative that primary care physicians screen midlife women for overweight / obesity and offer appropriate advice and referral.
when indicated , menopausal hormone therapy should be considered to manage bothersome symptoms.
despite its favorable influence on body fat distribution , menopausal hormone therapy cannot be recommended as a treatment for central obesity in midlife women.
we then explored metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers as potential mediators of these relationships ( additive hazards mediation ) .
op exposures at residential addresses were estimated with a geographic information system ( gis ) based exposure assessment tool.
no other biomarkers were associated with op exposure.
recent studies have linked constitutive telomere length ( tl ) to aging-related diseases including cancer at different sites.
forty-eight hetat and @number@ non-hetat individuals had cancer , among them @number@ hetat and @number@ non-hetat were diagnosed after blood sample collection.
tl measurement alone is not a good marker for predicting cancer risk in a-t families.
background : people aging with hiv show variable health trajectories.
our objective was to identify longitudinal predictors of frailty severity and mortality among a group aging with hiv.
participants were followed over four years from their first available visit.
frailty was quantified using a 31-item frailty index.
outcomes were frailty index score or mortality at four-year follow-up.
results : four-year mortality was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
although an active pursuit of health goals is typically adaptive , there may be circumstances in very late life when it is not.
for these individuals , each standard deviation increase in spc predicted a @percent@ higher risk of death.
( psycinfo database record we examined age-related differences in the reactive and proactive use of affect regulation strategies.
we collected data from @number@ participants 13-80 years of age , using an experience sampling method.
by contrast , from the age of about @number@ upward , adults were characterized by a more intensely proactive use of these strategies.
results are discussed in the light of age differences in motivation.
although osteoporosis is known as a silent disease affecting aging populations , its primary symptom remains pain.
acute pain is reported by patients with osteoporosis-related fractures , but chronic pain , mainly back pain , is also a characteristic of severe osteoporosis.
chronic pain leads to progressive loss of independence and the need for long-term care , especially in the elderly.
our aim was to review and discuss the main causes of pain in patients with osteoporosis and suggest possible strategies for its management and prevention.
blood products derived from ips cells have been pursued as a blood donor-independent and genetically manipulative measure to complement or alternate current transfusion products.
erythrocytes and platelets are anucleate blood cells that are indispensable for oxygen delivery and hemostasis , respectively.
consequently , blood transfusions have been clinically established to treat severe anemia and thrombocytopenia.
currently , the establishment of guidelines that assure the quality of ipsc-derived blood products for clinical application is in progress.
as shown by many study groups these days , such driver mutations are acquired in a gene-specific fashion.
for instance , ddx41 mutations are observed in germline cells long before mds presentation.
in mds , mutations of genes such as nras and flt3 , designated as type-1 genes , may be significantly associated with leukemic evolution.
another type ( type-2 ) of genes , including runx1 and gata2 , are related to progression from low-risk to high-risk mds.
lymphocytes predominantly express two erm members , ezrin and moesin.
mutations in the moesin gene in humans are associated with primary immunodeficiency with profound lymphopenia , and moesin-deficient mice exhibit a similar lymphopenia phenotype.
younger moesin-deficient mice exhibited elevated basal levels of several ig isotypes and enhanced ab affinity maturation upon immunization.
objective : to quantify the socioeconomic burden of frontotemporal degeneration ( ftd ) compared to previously published data for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
results : the entire survey was completed by @number@ of @number@ respondents ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the economic burden of ftd is substantial.
counting productivity-related costs , per-patient costs for ftd appear to be greater than per-patient costs reported for ad.
there is a need for biomarkers for accurate and timely diagnosis , effective treatments , and services to reduce this socioeconomic burden.
objective : to evaluate the association of early-adulthood and mid-adulthood hypertension with dementia in men and women.
results : a total of @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed with dementia.
early adulthood hypertension was not associated with dementia , though effect estimates were elevated among women.
mid-adulthood hypertension was associated with @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval [ ci ] @number@ @date@ ) increased dementia risk among women but not men.
onset of hypertension in mid-adulthood predicted @percent@ higher dementia risk in women ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) compared to stable normotensive.
there was no evidence that hypertension or changes in hypertension increased dementia risk among men.
conclusions : though midlife hypertension was more common in men , it was only associated with dementia risk in women.
sex differences in the timing of dementia risk factors have important implications for brain health and hypertension management.
over the last decade , hydrogen sulfide ( h pich is a dna translocase required for the maintenance of chromosome stability in human cells.
here , we identify the ben domain-containing protein @number@ ( bend3 ) as an interaction partner of pich in human cells in mitosis.
we have purified full length pich and bend3 and shown that they exhibit a functional biochemical interaction in vitro.
based on the structure , we identified amino acids important for the tpr-ben domain interaction , and for the functional interaction of the full-length proteins.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to paralysis and death.
although the etiology of als remains poorly understood , abnormal protein aggregation and altered proteostasis are common features of sporadic and familial als forms.
like many other neurodegenerative diseases , age is a major risk factor in the development of als / ftd.
but why is this the case ?
many als / ftd linked genes play a direct role in autophagy / lysosomal degradation , one of the most important pathways linked to ageing.
we highlight some of the shared mechanisms between the ageing process itself and emerging pathogenic mechanisms in als / ftd.
hypoxia increases both active and repressive histone methylation levels via decreased activity of histone demethylases.
however , how such increases coordinately regulate induction or repression of hypoxia-responsive genes is largely unknown.
we found that each group of degs was predominantly associated with alterations in only one type among the three histone tri-methylations.
moreover , the four groups of degs were associated with different tfs and localization patterns of their predominant types of h3k4me3 , h3k9me3 and h3k27me3.
background : aging frailty , characterized by decreased physical and immunological functioning , is associated with stem cell depletion.
human allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells ( allo-hmscs ) exert immunomodulatory effects and promote tissue repair.
the primary endpoint was incidence of treatment-emergent serious adverse events ( te-saes ) at 1-month postinfusion.
secondary endpoints included physical performance , patient-reported outcomes , and immune markers of frailty measured at @number@ months postinfusion.
results : no therapy-related te-saes occurred at @number@ month.
physical performance improved preferentially in the 100m-group ; immunologic improvement occurred in both the 100m- and 200m-groups.
the female sexual quality of life questionnaire improved in the 100m-group ( p = @number@ ) .
serum tnf-α levels decreased in the 100m-group ( p = @number@ ) .
early and late activated t-cells were also reduced by msc therapy.
conclusion : intravenous allo-hmscs were safe in individuals with aging frailty.
treated groups had remarkable improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers , both of which characterize the frailty syndrome.
clinical trial registration : www.clinicaltrials.gov : cratus ( # nct02065245 ) .
background : nutritional supplementation and physical activity have been shown to positively influence muscle mass and strength in older adults.
the efficacy of long-term nutritional supplementation in combination with physical activity in older adults remains unclear.
all subjects participated in a physical activity program.
after the intervention period both groups demonstrated improvements in muscle strength , body composition , and thigh composition.
nutritional supplementation lead to further losses of intermuscular fat ( p = @number@ ) and increased normal muscle density ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : six months of physical activity resulted in improvements in body composition , subcutaneous fat , intermuscular fat , and strength measures.
the addition of nutritional supplementation resulted in further declines in intermuscular fat and improved muscle density compared to placebo.
these results suggest nutritional supplementation provides additional benefits to mobility-limited older adults undergoing exercise training.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01542892.
objective : electroencephalographic ( eeg ) coherence is a parameter that enables evaluation of cerebral connectivity.
it may be related to the functional state of the brain.
in the elderly , it may reflect the neuronal loss caused by aging.
to describe characteristics of coherence in nonagenarians.
methods : we evaluated interhemispheric coherence for the alpha band in @number@ cognitively normal individuals aged @number@ to @number@ years.
results : the mean coherence value for the alpha band at o1o2 was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) .
no significant differences were found between men and women.
conclusions : the findings from this study did not show any decrease in interhemispheric coherence for the alpha band in cognitively normal nonagenarians.
this may be useful as a standard value for this age group.
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is a common condition in adult men and its incidence increases progressively with aging.
it has an important impact on the individual's physical and mental health and its natural progression can lead to serious pathological situations.
in this case , there are several options available today in the therapeutic armamentarium.
robot-assisted surgery has gained a lot of space in the last decade , but it still needs to dodge the trade barrier.
other techniques and technologies will need to pass the test of time to be able to conquer their space in this growing market.
the kato-katz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic surveys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis.
however , the sensitivity of the technique is low , particularly for the detection of light-intensity helminth infections.
the overall sensitivity strongly depends on the mean infection intensity.
at an infection intensity of @number@ epg , we estimate a sensitivity of @percent@ for one sample and @percent@ for two samples.
background : increasing arterial stiffness is an important contributor to declining cardiovascular health in ageing.
changes in whole-body fuel metabolism could be related to alterations in arterial stiffness in ageing adults.
in basic and adjusted models , we correlated the measured metabolites to carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity assessed by applanation tonometry.
amino acids such as histidine , methionine and valine correlated with pulse wave velocity.
this advances mechanistic understanding of arterial stiffness among aged adults before clinical disease.
importance : changes in behavior and personality are @number@ criterion for the diagnosis of dementia.
it is unclear , however , whether such changes begin before the clinical onset of the disease.
the self-report personality scales were not considered during consensus diagnostic conferences.
conclusions and relevance : no evidence for preclinical change in personality before the onset of mild cognitive impairment or dementia was identified.
these findings provide evidence against the reverse causality hypothesis and strengthen evidence for personality traits as a risk factor for dementia.
middle aortic syndrome ( mas ) is a narrowing of the abdominal aorta , often in conjunction with renal artery stenosis ( ras ) .
structure and function of the cardiovascular system are not well understood.
vascular assessment included carotid intima-media thickness and carotid distensibility using b-mode ultrasound and central and peripheral pulse wave velocities using applanation tonometry.
left ventricular structure and function were assessed by 2-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography.
children with mas or ras were @number@.5±3.0 years old at enrollment , and @percent@ were men.
older age and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) are among the major risk factors for pad , and both are associated with increased arterial stiffness.
fresh human fpas ( n = 744 ) were obtained from 13-82-year-old donors.
arteries were tested using planar biaxial extension , and their behavior was modeled with a constitutive relation that included stiffening functions of age.
fpa diameter , wall thickness , circumferential , and longitudinal opening angles increased with age , while longitudinal pre-stretch decreased.
diameter and circumferential opening angle did not change with age in subjects with dm.
younger fpas were more compliant longitudinally but became more isotropic with age.
arteries with dm stiffened significantly faster in the circumferential direction than arteries without dm.
constitutive model accurately portrayed orthotropic stiffening with age of both normal and diabetic arteries.
the proposed model allows determination of fpa mechanical properties for subjects of any given age in the range of 13-82years.
in addition , they can guide the development of new materials tunable to diabetic and non-diabetic arteries.
oxidative stress , considered as a major culprit in brain aging , triggers cognitive and memory impairment.
lycopene ( lyc ) , a carotenoid pigment , possesses potent antioxidative , anti-inflammatory , and neuroprotective properties.
in the present study , the effects of lyc on oxidative stress-induced cognitive defects and the underlying mechanisms were determined.
lyc ameliorated histopathological damage and restored brain derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) levels in the hippocampus of mice.
lyc also significantly elevated antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in the d-galactose-treated mice serum.
moreover , lyc treatment activated the mrna expressions of antioxidant enzymes ho-1 and nqo-1 , and downregulated inflammatory cytokines il-1β and tnf-α in mice hippocampus.
immunohistochemical results also demonstrated that lyc significantly restored the expression of glial cells inflammatory makers iba-1 and gfap.
volumetric , microstructural , and focal markers of brain tissue were assessed on mri.
we found that thinner rnfl , gcl , and inner plexiform layer were associated with smaller gray-matter and white-matter volume.
furthermore , we found that thinner rnfl and gcl were associated with worse white-matter microstructure.
no association was found between retinal sublayer thickness and white-matter lesion volumes , cerebral microbleeds , or lacunar infarcts.
markers of retinal neurodegeneration are associated with markers of cerebral atrophy , suggesting that retinal oct may provide information on neurodegeneration in the brain.
it is thus important to gain a better understanding of the most frequent diseases in people living to advanced old age.
as a consequence , gi morbidity in the elderly represents an increasingly relevant burden for public health systems.
this review focuses on the most frequent gi disorders of the elderly , describing their epidemiological , pathophysiological and clinical implications.
the main benign diseases , symptoms or signs involving the gi tract are discussed , debating the potential role of a multidisciplinary approach when appropriate.
importance : delirium is defined as an acute disorder of attention and cognition.
it is a common , serious , and often fatal condition among older patients.
a total of @number@ @number@ patients were represented in the treatment studies.
conclusions and relevance : advances in diagnosis can improve recognition and risk stratification of delirium.
prevention of delirium using nonpharmacologic approaches is documented to be effective , while pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium remains controversial.
objective : to examine associations between scd and global aβ and tau burdens in regions of interest in clinically healthy older adults.
data were collected from @date@ , through @date@ .
the aβ level was measured according to a summary distribution volume ratio of frontal , lateral temporal and parietal , and retrosplenial pib-pet tracer uptake.
the ftp-pet measures were computed as standardized uptake value ratios.
thirty-nine participants ( @percent@ ) exhibited a high aβ burden.
an exploratory post hoc whole-brain analysis also indicated that scd was predominantly associated with greater tau burden in the entorhinal cortex.
our findings suggest multiple underlying pathways that motivate scd that do not necessarily interact to influence scd endorsement.
as such , multiple biological factors must be considered when assessing scd in clinically healthy older adults.
recent studies have reported a higher than anticipated frequency of large clonal autosomal mosaic events > 2 mb in size in the aging population.
mosaic events are detected from analyses of intensity parameters of linear stretches with deviations in heterozygous probes of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays.
the non-random distribution of detected mosaic events throughout the genome suggests common mechanisms could influence the formation of mosaic events.
methods : lenticular af was imaged with 488-nm excitation using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope ( cslo ) routinely used for retinal af imaging.
there were @number@ older subjects ( ages 47-87 ) at two sites ; a small cohort of younger subjects served as controls.
in a subset of subjects , lens density index was independently estimated from dark-adapted spectral sensitivities performed psychophysically.
lenticular af was positively correlated with age ; however , there could also be large differences between individuals of similar age.
lenticular af intensity correlated well with lens density indices estimated from psychophysical measures.
we compared these csis with test point clusters used by the glaucoma hemifield test ( ght ) .
methods : sixty healthy observers underwent testing on the humphrey field analyzer 30-2 test grid using goldmann ( g ) stimulus sizes i-v.
age-correction factors for gi-v were determined using linear regression analysis.
results : there was a small but significant test size-dependent sensitivity decline with age , with smaller stimuli declining more rapidly.
age-related decline in sensitivity was more rapid in the periphery.
a greater number of unique age-related csis was revealed when using smaller stimuli , particularly in the mid-periphery.
cluster analysis of age-corrected sensitivity thresholds revealed unique csis for gi-v , with smaller stimuli having a greater number of unique clusters.
zones examined by the ght consisted of test locations that did not necessarily belong to the same csi , particularly in the periphery.
conclusions : cluster analysis reveals statistically significant groups of test locations within the 30-2 test grid exhibiting the same age-related decline.
csis facilitate pooling of sensitivities to reduce the variability of individual test locations.
these csis could guide future structure-function and alternate hemifield asymmetry analyses by comparing matched areas of similar sensitivity signatures.
genetic variants at ptk2b-clu locus pose as high-risk factors for many age-related disorders.
however , the role of these variants in disease progression is less characterized.
we have previously shown that the alleles at rs2279590 differentially regulate clusterin ( clu ) gene expression in lens capsule tissues.
this polymorphism resides in an active regulatory region marked by h3k27ac and dnase i hypersensitive site and is an eqtl for clu expression.
here , we report the presence of an enhancer element in surrounding region of rs2279590.
deletion of a @number@ bp intronic region flanking the rs2279590 variant through crispr-cas9 genome editing in hek293 cells demonstrated a decreased clusterin gene expression.
by binding to allele ' a' , hsf1 abrogates the enhancer effect of the locus as validated by reporter assays.
analyses were based on the intent-to-treat principle.
the analysis was conducted from january to @date@ .
participants were @number@ individuals free of any retinal ocular disease.
they were first-generation offspring of parents with neovascular amd.
interventions : participants were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive either @number@ daily dietary supplementation capsules or placebo for @number@ months.
the statistical analysis was adjusted for hospital and for risk factors.
their mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years , and @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) were female.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01269697.
methods : a total of @number@ community dwelling older adults from wave i and ii were recruited through a multistage random sampling method.
results : 529 ( @percent@ ) participants were identified to have mci.
conclusion : these results suggested that mci needs to be taken into consideration when testing older adults using tug , besides age and gender factors.
data using fast speed tug may be required among older adults with and without mci for further understanding.
dna damage impinges on genetic information flow and has significant implications in human disease and aging.
lucidin-3-o-primeveroside ( lup ) is an anthraquinone derivative present in madder root , which has been used as a coloring agent and food additive.
design and setting : a cross-sectional study in care homes in the uk.
participants : twenty residents with confirmed dementia diagnosis were recruited from two care homes that specialised in dementia care.
the armband was placed around the left upper triceps for up to @number@ days.
on average residents spent @number@ ( @date@ @number@ ) hrs / d undertaking sedentary activity.
thus wearable technology has the potential to offer real-time monitoring to provide appropriate nutrition management that is more person-centred to prevent weight loss in dementia.
changes in gait speed and energy level were significantly associated with changes in gds scores over time.
conclusion : multi-domain interventions that reverse frailty among community-living older persons also reduce depressive symptomatology.
public health education and programmatic measures combining nutritional , physical and cognitive interventions for at-risk frail older people may likely benefit psychological wellbeing.
objectives : to study the importance of weight change with regard to mortality in older people.
design : prospective cohort study.
measurements : participants with weight measured at both surveys were followed for mortality through @number@
cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate risk of death according to changes in weight.
cox regression with penalized spline was used to evaluate the association between weight change ( in kg ) and mortality.
analyses were adjusted for age , sex , physical activity , smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and previous myocardial infarction or stroke.
participants with cancer were excluded.
penalized spline identified those who lost more than about three kg or gained more than about @number@ kg as having increased risk of death.
conclusion : even a minor weight loss of ≥5% or > 3 kg were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality.
thus , weight should be routinely measured in older adults.
objectives : to assess the modification of the form of medication and evaluate staff observance of good clinical practices.
design : one-day assessment of clinical practices.
setting : @number@ geriatrics units in the @number@ teaching hospitals of paris-sud ( aphp ) , france.
participants : elderly in-patients with difficulties swallowing capsules and tablets.
measurements : assessment of target-patient prescriptions and direct observation of nurses ' medical rounds.
in thirty-nine ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ prescriptions studied all tablets were safe to crush and all capsules were safe to open.
conclusion : management of drug prescriptions in patients with swallowing difficulties is not optimal , and may even have iatrogenic effects.
in this study , @percent@ of the modifications of the drug form could have been harmful.
doctors , pharmacists and nurses need to reevaluate their practices.
design and setting : a prospective cohort study.
the sample included @number@ community-dwelling older people aged 60 + living in the netherlands.
disability in any of these activities was defined as the inability to perform the activity without assistance.
the risk of disability by age for each individual adl , iadl , and for mobility was assessed using generalized mixed models.
results : disability in activities as household tasks , traveling , shopping , and continence had the highest risk and increased rapidly with age.
the risk traveling disability among people aged @number@ with two comorbidities increase from @percent@ to @percent@ at age @number@
compared to those without chronic conditions , those with ≥ @number@ chronic conditions had a @number@ to @number@ times higher risk of developing disability.
no association between education and disability on the individual adl , iadl , and mobility was observed.
conclusions : older adults were mostly disabled in physical related activities , whereas disability in more cognitive related activities was less often experienced.
the impact of multimorbidity on disability in each activity was substantial , while education was not.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , consecutive first-ever ais patients admitted to the department of emergency of our hospital were identified.
serum 25 ( oh ) d levels were measured at admission.
functional outcome was evaluated at 6-month using the modified rankin scale ( m-rankin ) .
we used logistic regression models to assess the relationship between 25 ( oh ) levels and risk of recurrent stroke or functional outcome.
results : we recorded @number@ stroke patients.
thirty-one patients ( @percent@ ) had a stroke recurrence , while @number@ patients ( @number@ ) were with poor functional outcomes.
design : this study was conducted using a randomized , crossover design.
participants : nineteen healthy participants ( @number@ elderly , @number@ young adults ) were recruited from the general public in singapore.
measurements : blood glucose was analyzed prior to consuming the test food , at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ minutes after food consumption.
elderly exhibited significantly greater gr than young participants ( p = @number@ ) .
this study indicates that fruits are a valuable source of nutrient irrespective of the form of delivery in elderly and young adults.
this study was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as actrn12614000655640.
objective : oral diseases and conditions are prevalent among older people with dementia and cognitive impairment.
while many interventions have been advocated for use in this population , evidence for their effectiveness is unclear.
two investigators independently abstracted study characteristics and assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies.
results were presented as a narrative review because significant heterogeneity among included studies precluded a meta-analysis.
results : the @number@ included studies varied considerably in terms of size , scope and focus.
only two studies were identified that had been designed specifically for and examined exclusively in people with dementia or cognitive impairment.
all studies were in residential care ; none was population-based.
while several studies reported positive effects , a number of methodological weaknesses were identified and the overall quality of included studies was poor.
attempts to measure intervention integrity were limited and there was usually little or no effort to evaluate intervention effects over a sustained period.
more rigorous , large scale research is needed in this area.
recommendations are provided to improve the overall quality of evaluation in this area.
we identify the strengths and barriers hindering the full operation , and we proposed a technological solution that overcame these constraints and facilitated integration.
secondary sources of analyses were professionals ' insights ( obtained thought direct observation and interviews ) and statistics on the service.
finally , we passed the specifications to the information system unit at the hospital to develop and integrate the system into the hospital one.
participants : no patient participated in the study.
measurements : first , we qualitative analysed the integrated care program taking as dimensions eight facilitators towards integrated care.
in response , we proposed an integrated information system solution.
later , we interviewed the staff geriatricians to analyse the integrated care programme.
we have designed an integrated information system which has been validated by physicians and nurses from the geriatrics service in terms of usability.
we obtained a sus score of @number@ ( @number@ is considered to be the cut-off point for usable systems ) .
design : cohort study.
setting : the bambuí ( brazil ) cohort study of aging.
participants : community-dwelling elderly ( n = 1138 ) .
measurements : weight and wc were reassessed three years after baseline.
results : female sex was predominant ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
mean age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
weight stability ( @number@ @percent@ ) was more common than weight loss ( @number@ @percent@ ) or gain ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
wc remained stable in @number@ ( @percent@ ) , decreased in @number@ ( @percent@ ) and increased in @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants.
there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) deaths over a median follow-up time of @number@ ( @number@.4-8.0 ) years from weight / wc reassessment.
wc change was not significantly associated with mortality.
conclusion : although weight loss has been recommended for adults with excessive weight regardless of age , weight change might be detrimental in older adults.
however , the impact of this intervention on survival has not yet been studied.
survival data were collected @number@ years after enrollment.
survival analyses were performed using intention-to-treat analysis by log-rank tests and cox regression adjusted for confounders.
there were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics.
survival data was available in @number@ out of @number@ patients.
background : consequences of inappropriate prescriptions and polymedication in patients suffering from cancer are beginning to be well documented.
however , the methods used to evaluate these consequences are often discussed.
few studies evaluate the risk of interaction with anticancer drugs in elderly patients suffering from cancer.
design : a retrospective , cross-sectional , multicenter study performed from january to @date@ .
participants : patients aged @number@ years or older suffering from cancer presented at the oncogeriatric multidisciplinary meeting.
twenty-seven major drug interactions were identified and eight interactions involved chemotherapy.
conclusion : polymedication , inappropriate prescribing and drug interactions involving anti-cancer drugs are common and largely underestimated in elderly cancer patients.
cellular senescence is emerging as a key mechanism of age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction , but evidence in healthy humans is lacking.
moreover , the influence of lifestyle factors such as habitual exercise on endothelial cell ( ec ) senescence is unknown.
we tested the hypothesis that ec senescence increases with sedentary , but not physically active , aging and is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction.
maximal isometric hip and thigh muscle strength and leg extensor power and active hip rom were assessed at baseline @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
results : did not show any significant between-group differences for improvements in muscle strength and power or rom at any time points.
all exercise modes resulted in significant increases of rom but long-term improvements were only shown for nw and hbe.
our results may indicate that in these patients , improvements in disability are not necessarily dependent on improvements in strength and power or rom.
neuroinflammation plays an influential role in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown.
we also investigated how the different inflammatory environments related to intercellular and intracellular changes.
we demonstrate that m2 products decrease interneuronal transfer of oaβ , while recombinant interleukin ( il ) -4 , il-10 , and il-13 increase transfer.
stimulating microglia to an m2 phenotype may thus slow down the progression of ad and could be a target for future therapies.
our modeling approach was based on generalized estimating equation ( gee ) for self-rated health and cox proportional hazards models for mortality.
previous imaging studies have shown unique anatomic impacts within language networks in each variant.
however , direct measures of spontaneous neuronal activity and functional integrity of these impacted neural networks in primary progressive aphasia are lacking.
the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of resting state neuronal synchronizations in primary progressive aphasia syndromes.
we hypothesized that resting state brain oscillations will show unique deficits within language network in each variant of primary progressive aphasia.
each patient underwent a complete clinical evaluation including a comprehensive battery of language tests.
each variant showed a distinct spatiotemporal pattern of altered functional connectivity compared to age-matched controls.
patients with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia also showed significant hypersynchrony of delta-theta frequency within bilateral medial frontal and posterior parietal cortices.
we also found distinct patterns of regional spectral power changes in each primary progressive aphasia variant , compared to age-matched controls.
our results demonstrate neurophysiological signatures of network-specific neuronal dysfunction in primary progressive aphasia variants.
the unique spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal synchrony signify diverse neurophysiological disruptions and pathological underpinnings of the language network in each variant.
cr was indexed by years of education , reading , and vocabulary measures.
ad biomarkers were measured with a composite score composed of measures of amyloid , phosphorylated tau , and neurodegeneration.
however , higher cr scores were associated with faster cognitive decline after symptom onset of mci.
human flourishing represents a state of mental health in which an individual is actively striving to live well rather than merely feeling good.
this concept provides an important context for nurses working with older adults.
flourishing older adults exhibit a sense of personal growth in that they are still evolving and changing.
research suggests that human flourishing is associated with positive outcomes for mental and physical health.
[ journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services , 55 ( @number@ ) , 27-30. ] .
thus , evidence from studies using routinely accumulated clinical data are increasingly valued.
an automated software will extract relevant data from the same electronic chart system at all centres , thereby minimizing data treatment and human intervention.
conclusion : the study is expected to collect an enormous dataset of information on dapagliflozin- and comparator-using patients.
we believe this will move darwin-t2d to the next generation of real world studies.
the risk of cardiovascular disease increases with age , causing chronic disability , morbidity , and mortality in the elderly.
cardiovascular aging and disease are characterized by heart failure , cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury , cardiomyopathy , hypertension , arterial stiffness , and atherosclerosis.
as a cell ages , damaged organelles and abnormal proteins accumulate.
a system for removing these cytoplasmic substrates is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
autophagy assists tissue homeostasis by forming a pathway by which these substances are degraded.
on the other hand , overexpression of autophagy in the heart and arteries can produce detrimental effects.
we summarize the current understanding of the close relationship between autophagy and cardiovascular senescence.
it is well established that patients with heart failure are at a greater risk for dementia.
the close link between cardiac function and brain health has numerous clinical and public health implications.
cardiac dysfunction and cognitive impairment are both common in older adults.
however , in our current clinical practice , these medical conditions are generally evaluated and treated in isolation.
as organisms age , cells accumulate genetic and epigenetic errors that eventually lead to impaired organ function or catastrophic transformation such as cancer.
we find that islet endocrine cells from older donors display increased levels of transcriptional noise and potential fate drift.
by determining the mutational history of individual cells , we uncover a novel mutational signature in healthy aging endocrine cells.
participants were followed annually for up to @number@ years.
analyses adjusted for age , sex , race , comorbidities , abi , physical activity , and other confounders.
of @number@ pad participants without baseline mobility impairment , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed mobility loss during follow-up.
neither lipid rich necrotic core nor calcium in the sfa were associated with mobility loss.
as our population ages , so do the transplant recipients , and with that comes many new challenges.
respiratory viruses are generally a long-term complication of transplantation and primarily acquired in the community.
with the emergence of molecular methods , newer respiratory viruses are being detected.
respiratory viruses appear to cause severe disease in the older transplant population.
influenza vaccine remains the mainstay of prevention in transplant recipients , although immunogenicity of current vaccines is suboptimal.
limited therapies are available for other respiratory viruses.
the next decade will likely bring newer antivirals and vaccines to the forefront.
our goal is to provide the most up to date knowledge of respiratory viral infections in our aging transplant population.
the prevalence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) is increasing in the united states as the population ages , but national surveillance is lacking.
in @number@ an estimated @number@ ed visits , @number@ hospitalizations , and @number@ deaths listed af as primary.
a total of @number@ mutually exclusive primary af and @number@ mutually exclusive co-morbid af events occurred.
the mean cost per hospitalization with primary af was $ 8 , 819.
here we present a large-scale cnv association meta-analysis on anthropometric traits in up to @number@ adult samples from @number@ cohorts.
klotho , an anti-aging factor expressed in the vessel walls that participates in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis , can be down-regulated by inflammation.
its hallmark neuropathological features are the presence of amyloid-beta oligomers and neurofibrillary tangles that are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
sirt1 has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect ; however , its working mechanisms are not well understood.
this study aimed to address this issue.
key findings : we found that sirt1 knockdown inhibited cell survival , proliferation , and functionality.
these effects were associated with suppressed akt activity and creb activation and increased p53 expression.
we also rely on an independent series of findings to suggest how the traffic jams can act as a unified mediator of downstream pathophysiology.
the model predicts , therefore , that interventions designed to unjam the endosome carry high therapeutic promise.
background : physical inactivity across the lifespan remains a public health issue for many developed countries.
inactivity has contributed considerably to the pervasiveness of lifestyle diseases.
one approach for mobilizing multi-level efforts to improve the environment for physical activity is to engage in a process of citizen science.
however , there are no common measures or protocols to guide citizen science research at the local community setting.
we also recommend potential measures across different levels of impact.
the choice of measures will take into account the potential resources available for outcome and process evaluation.
the sample was composed of @number@ depressed older adults ( age ≥ @number@ ) who were newly recommended antidepressant treatment by their physicians.
this cohort is part of a larger study examining the usefulness of the treatment initiation and participation program to improve medication adherence.
anticipated stigma significantly predicted greater depression among older adults with low mastery , but not among those with high mastery.
mastery was found to moderate the relationship between anticipated stigma and depressive symptoms among older adults.
increased mastery over @number@ weeks was also associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms at follow-up , controlling for antidepressant strength and adherence.
bolstering older adults ' sense of mastery in treatment could provide a source of resilience for older adults facing depression.
the vasohibin ( vash ) family consists of two genes , vash1 and vash2.
employing adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutant mice , we recently reported on the role of vash2 in the spontaneous formation of intestinal tumors.
in this study , we used k19-wnt1 / c2me ( gan ) mice and examined the role of vash2 in spontaneous gastric cancer formation.
gan mice spontaneously develop gastric tumors by activation of wnt and prostaglandin e2 signaling pathways in gastric mucosa after @number@ weeks of age.
expression of vash2 mrna was significantly increased in gastric tumor tissues compared with normal stomach tissues.
when gan mice were crossed with the vash2-deficient ( vash2 the thymus is essential for t cell development and maturation.
it is extremely sensitive to atrophy , wherein loss in cellularity of the thymus and / or disruption of the thymic architecture occur.
this may lead to lower naïve t cell output and limited tcr diversity.
thymic atrophy is often associated with ageing.
therefore , therapeutic interventions which possess thymopoietic potential and lower thymic atrophy are required.
these treatments enhance thymic output , which is a vital factor in generating favourable outcomes in clinical conditions.
in this review , experimental studies on thymic atrophy in rodents and clinical cases where the thymus atrophies are discussed.
in addition , mechanisms leading to thymic atrophy during ageing as well as during various stress conditions are reviewed.
interventions that have been used across different scenarios to reduce the extent of thymic atrophy and enhance its output are discussed.
objective geriatric patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery have unique needs due to the physiological changes of aging.
methods a unique model of comanagement for elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery was implemented at a major academic medical center.
results one hundred twenty-five patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion were enrolled in this pilot program.
baseline characteristics were similar between both cohorts.
the mean length of in-hospital stay was @percent@ shorter in the posh cohort ( @number@ vs @number@ days ; p = @number@ ) .
vascular calcification is a pathologic phenomenon in which calcium phosphate is ectopically deposited in the arteries.
previously , calcification was considered to be a passive process in response to metabolic diseases , vascular or valvular diseases , or even aging.
as a result , vascular calcification has been implicated as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular diseases.
many molecules are now known to be actively associated with this process.
recently , our laboratory found that posttranslational modification of histone deacetylase ( hdac ) @number@ is actively involved in the development of vascular calcification.
in the present review , we overview the pathomechanism of vascular calcification and the involvement of posttranslational modification of epigenetic regulators.
the characterization of mutational processes that generate sequence diversity in the human genome is of paramount importance both to medical genetics and to evolutionary studies.
we find @number@ de novo mutations , both single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels , and determine the parent of origin of @number@
remarkably , these age-related changes are not distributed uniformly across the genome.
the age-related accumulation of maternal non-crossover gene conversions also mostly occurs within these regions.
this demonstrates that sequence diversity in humans results from evolving interactions between age , sex , mutation type , and genomic location.
apoe4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset alzheimer disease.
apoe4 increases brain amyloid-β pathology relative to other apoe isoforms.
by nine months of age , p301s mice with different apoe genotypes display distinct phosphorylated tau protein ( p-tau ) staining patterns.
in vitro , e4-expressing microglia exhibit higher innate immune reactivity after lipopolysaccharide treatment.
neurons co-cultured with eko glia showed the greatest viability with the lowest level of secreted tnf-α.
in individuals with a sporadic primary tauopathy , the presence of an ε4 allele is associated with more severe regional neurodegeneration.
in individuals who are positive for amyloid-β pathology with symptomatic alzheimer disease who usually have tau pathology , ε4-carriers demonstrate greater rates of disease progression.
our results demonstrate that apoe affects tau pathogenesis , neuroinflammation , and tau-mediated neurodegeneration independently of amyloid-β pathology.
apoe4 exerts a ' toxic ' gain of function whereas the absence of apoe is protective.
during ageing , microglia acquire a phenotype that may negatively affect brain function.
here we show that ageing microglial phenotype is largely imposed by interferon type i ( ifn-i ) chronically present in aged brain milieu.
furthermore , we demonstrate that age-related ifn-i milieu downregulates microglial myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c ( mef2c ) .
immune challenge in mice lacking mef2c in microglia results in an exaggerated microglial response and has an adverse effect on mice behaviour.
objectives : this study sought to link cardiac phenotypes in t2dm patients with clinical profiles and outcomes using cluster analysis.
methods : baseline echocardiography and a composite endpoint ( cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization ) were evaluated in @number@ t2dm patients from @number@ prospective cohorts.
a cluster analysis was performed on echocardiographic variables , and the association between clusters and clinical profiles and outcomes was assessed.
results : three clusters were identified.
we investigated inherited genetic variation associated with rdw in @number@ uk biobank human volunteers.
exclusion of anemic participants did not affect the overall findings.
pathways analysis showed enrichment for telomere maintenance , ribosomal rna , and apoptosis.
the predictive value of rdw for a range of negative health outcomes may in part be due to variants influencing fundamental pathways of aging.
methods and findings : @number@ individuals over @number@ years were included.
cvd and cancer mortality were defined by icd-9 codes 390-459 and 140-239 , respectively.
ldl-c < 130 mg / dl ( @number@ mmol / l ) was defined as \ "optimal / near optimal \ ".
nine-years mortality risk was calculated by multivariate cox proportional hazards model.
when the easy test was first , participants in both age groups adopted a more stringent criterion on the harder test.
when the hard test was first , no criterion shift was seen.
( psycinfo database record this study examined the relationship of personal values to age using data from two representative surveys.
the structural stability of the value circle over age was largely confirmed across and within individuals.
different age groups exhibited a tendency to more strongly cluster those values that they rated as relatively important.
( psycinfo database record being able to categorize promotes cognitive economy by reducing the amount of information that an individual needs to remember.
this ability is particularly important in older adulthood , when executive functioning abilities are known to decline.
findings provide a potential solution for improving the category learning abilities of older adults.
( psycinfo database record background : the presence and extent of coronary artery calcium ( cac ) are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events.
the primary outcome was major chd ( myocardial infarction or chd death ) .
we performed multivariable cox proportional hazards analysis and calculated relative integrated discrimination improvement.
low complexity ( lc ) prion-like domains are over-represented among rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) and contribute to the dynamic nature of rna granules.
importantly , several neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by cytoplasmic \ "solid \ " aggregates formed by mainly nuclear rbps harboring lc prion-like domains.
although rbp aggregation in disease has been extensively characterized , it remains unknown how the process of aging disturbs rbp dynamics.
here we present new evidence showing that sustained stress granule formation triggers rbp aggregation.
in addition , we demonstrate that mild chronic stress during aging promotes mislocalization of nuclear rbps.
we discuss the consequences of aberrant interactions between age-related rbp aggregation and disease-associated rbp aggregation.
in particular , we show that fust-1 and pab-1 co-localize in aberrant cytoplasmic accumulations.
significantly , long-lived animals with reduced insulin / igf-1 signaling abrogate stress granule rbp aggregation through activation of the transcription factors hsf-1 and daf-16.
we evaluate the different mechanisms that could maintain dynamic stress granules.
together these findings highlight how changes with age could contribute to pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and disruption of rna homeostasis.
the most recently discovered @number@@number@'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family is the phosphodiesterase @number@ ( pde11 ) family , which is encoded by a single gene pde11a.
pde11a is a dual-specific pde , breaking down both camp and cgmp.
pde11a4 is the pde11a isoform expressed in brain and is found in the hippocampal formation of humans and rodents.
pde11a4 likely controls behavior by regulating hippocampal glutamatergic , oxytocin , and cytokine signaling , as well as protein translation.
first , we will provide a brief background of pde4 , and the rationale for its extensive study in cognition.
second , we will explore fundamental differences in individual pde4 subtypes , and then begin to address differences between pathological and non-pathological aging.
phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( pde-is ) are pharmacological compounds enhancing camp and / or cgmp signaling.
both these substrates affect neural communication by influencing presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic intracellular pathways after neurotransmitter binding to its receptor.
both camp and cgmp play an important role in a variety of cellular functions including neuroplasticity and neuroprotection.
the most effective pde-is in preclinical models of aging and ad appear to be pde2-is , pde4-is and pde5-is.
clinical studies are relatively sparse and so far pde1-is and pde4-is showed some promising results.
people in modern , affluent societies are living longer but also becoming increasingly overweight.
background : older adults are more susceptible to adverse events when administered certain medications at doses appropriate for younger adults.
methods : this was a before-after comparison of the frequency of the recommended starting doses of high-risk medications to adults aged @number@ years and older.
computerized records were queried for the administration of the above medication classes in two academic eds over two similar 4-month periods in @number@ and @number@
although there were no differences in bzds as a group , there were significant differences in selected bzds such as midazolam and diazepam.
changes in the recommended dosing of nsaids could not be determined due to low numbers of administered doses in both phases of the study.
objective : to determine whether metformin is associated with a lower incidence of dementia than sulfonylureas.
follow-up began after @number@ years of therapy.
cox proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratio ( hr ) of incident dementia.
results : we identified @number@ new users of metformin and @number@ new users of sulfonylureas.
mean age was @number@ years and mean hba1c was @percent@.
over an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ cases of dementia were diagnosed.
due to effect modification by age , all analyses were conducted using a piecewise model for age.
further work is needed to identify which patients may benefit from metformin for the prevention of dementia.
the cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation.
eventually , vsmc plasticity and signaling in both conductance and resistance arteries are highly relevant to the physiology of normal and early vascular aging.
we further speculate on the contribution of cellular stiffness along the arterial tree to vascular wall stiffness.
in addition , this review provides the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting arterial stiffening.
autophagy dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases , such as aging , cancers , diabetes.
the latest insights into molecular mechanisms of autophagy lead to the discovery of potential drug targets.
focus groups ( eight groups with @number@ participants ) and a quantitative national survey ( n = @number@ ) using mturk were conducted.
stakeholder input is critical to guide the development and delivery of acceptable and useful child safety education.
we calculated the frequencies of the code codes for the causes of death in each classification category.
a total of @number@ deaths ( @percent@ ) were related to immunodeficiency after application of the code.
tuberculosis comprised @percent@ of the immunodeficiency-defining infections.
conclusions : opportunistic infections and aging diseases were the most frequent causes of death , adding multiple disease burdens on health services.
the code system increases the probability of classifying deaths more accurately in people living with hiv / aids.
foram calculadas as frequências dos códigos code das causas do óbito em cada categoria de classificação.
no total @number@ óbitos ( @percent@ ) foram relacionados à imunodeficiência após aplicar o code.
a tuberculose compreendeu @percent@ das infecções definidoras de imunodeficiência.
conclusões : infecções oportunistas e doenças do envelhecimento foram as causas mais frequentes de óbito , imprimindo carga múltipla de doenças aos serviços de saúde.
o sistema code aumenta a probabilidade de classificar os óbitos com maior precisão em pessoas vivendo com hiv / aids.
background : several epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between variability in a number of biological parameters and adverse outcomes.
as the variability may reflect impaired homeostatic regulation , we assessed albumin variability over time in chronic hemodialysis ( hd ) patients.
the hd initiation and death-associated changes were also analyzed using generalized additive mixed models.
furthermore , the long-term trend throughout the maintenance treatment period was evaluated separately using linear regression models.
results : albumin levels and variability showed distinctive changes during each of the @number@ periods.
after hd initiation , albumin variability decreased and reached a nadir within a year.
the albumin levels and variability were negatively correlated with each other and exhibited exactly opposite movements throughout the course of chronic hd treatment.
different from the albumin levels , albumin variability was not dependent on chronological age but was independently associated with an individual's aging and death process.
conclusion : the observed upward trend in albumin variability seems to be consistent with a presumed aging-related decline in homeostatic capacity.
during chemical transmission , the function of synaptic proteins must be coordinated to efficiently release neurotransmitter.
in one family , a proline residue within the c2b ca2 + -binding pocket of synaptotagmin is replaced by a leucine.
the functional significance of this residue has not been investigated previously.
to achieve expression similar to human patients , the mutation is expressed in flies carrying one copy of the wild type synaptotagmin gene.
our drosophila studies support a role for this synaptotagmin point mutation in disease etiology.
unfortunately , the efficacy of these treatments is often countered by the acquisition of drug resistance.
here we investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie acquired resistance to brafi and to the combined therapy.
consistent with previous studies , we show that resistance to brafi is mediated by erk pathway reactivation.
our screening , using a reverse-phase protein array , revealed distinct mechanisms by which paks mediate resistance to brafi and the combined therapy.
in brafi-resistant cells , paks phosphorylate craf and mek to reactivate erk.
background : adverse drug reactions are a major cause of hospital admissions in older individuals , with the majority potentially preventable.
despite the apparent magnitude of this problem , little is known about rates of repeat admission to hospital as a result of adverse drug reactions.
the causality , preventability and severity of each adverse drug reaction-related repeat admission within the 12-month follow-up were assessed.
results : adverse drug reaction-related repeat admissions occurred after @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of @number@ adverse drug reaction-related index admissions.
most ( @percent@ ) adverse drug reaction-related repeat admissions were considered ' preventable'.
adverse drug reaction severity was ' moderate ' in all cases.
renal disorders ( @percent@ ) represented the most common adverse drug reactions and the most frequently implicated drug classes were diuretics ( @percent@ ) .
all adverse drug reaction-related repeat admissions were found to be ' probable'.
the padr-ec score could potentially be used at hospital discharge to prioritise patients for interventions to prevent subsequent adverse drug reaction-related hospital admissions.
nonetheless , gbs remains a leading cause of neonatal sepsis , including @number@ late-onset ( logbs ) cases annually.
a maternal vaccine under development could prevent eogbs and logbs.
we modeled a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes 1a , 1b , ii , iii , and v , which cause almost all gbs disease.
coverage , typically low for maternal vaccines , is key to the vaccine's public health impact.
the present study evaluates the effect of aging on level- and layer-specific lv longitudinal strain in subjects without structural heart disease.
a total of @number@ subjects ( mean age @number@ years [ range @number@ to @number@ ] ; @percent@ men ) were evaluated retrospectively.
subjects were divided into equal groups based on age and gender.
subjects with evidence of structural heart disease or arrhythmias were excluded.
mean lv ejection fraction was @number@ ± @percent@.
on layer-based analysis , the magnitude of longitudinal strain increased from epicardium to endocardium across all age groups.
in conclusion , with increasing age , the magnitude of lv longitudinal strain at the basal level declines while the apical lv longitudinal strain increases.
in contrast , layer-specific lv longitudinal strain remains unchanged with aging.
background : studies suggest an association between weight change and subsequent poor physical health functioning , whereas the association with mental health functioning is inconsistent.
methods : the helsinki health study cohort includes finnish municipal employees aged @number@ to @number@ in @date@ ( phase @number@ response rate @percent@ ) .
phase @number@ mail survey ( response rate @percent@ ) took place in @number@ and phase @number@ in @number@ ( response rate @percent@ ) .
this study included @number@ participants ( @percent@ women ) .
the short form @number@ health survey ( sf-36 ) measured physical and mental health functioning.
the change in health functioning ( phase 1-3 ) score was examined with repeated measures analyses.
covariates were age , sociodemographic factors , health behaviours , and somatic ill-health.
results : weight gain was common among women ( @percent@ ) and men ( @percent@ ) .
among weight-maintainers , only obese ( @number@ points ) women showed a greater decline than weight-maintaining normal weight women.
the associations were similar , but statistically non-significant for obese men.
no statistically significant differences in the change in mental health functioning occurred.
conclusion : preventing weight gain likely helps maintaining good physical health functioning and work ability.
little is known for pacing profiles in age groups cross-country skiers.
basal ganglia hemorrhage accounts for approximately @percent@ of all hemorrhagic strokes.
a good rat model that produces severe intrastriatal hemorrhage ( ish ) mimicking human severe ish is lacking.
the present study compared the intra-striatal injection of @number@ u with that of @number@ u of collagenase in inducing severe ish in rats.
this evaluation was further substantiated by determination of behavior and neurologic functions and mortality over @number@ h.
the @number@ u collagenase significantly increased mls to @number@.5-3.0 times greater than the @number@ u did at all post-intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) time points.
the mls increased dependently with hematoma expansion with high correlation coefficients , yet no mortality occurred.
both ish models induced consistent behavior deficits.
the larger dosage produced severe brain injuries as well as neurological deficits , more closely mimicking severe human ish.
hematoma volume and mls can be the most useful parameters for evaluating the ish severity in the present experimental model.
the larger dosage , therefore , would be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of the severer ish in the striatum.
this may be applied for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies and outcomes in the future.
increase in muscle mass and strength through resistance exercise ( re ) has been highly recommended for healthy aging.
on the other hand , re could lead to acute cardiovascular risks prompted mainly by intense blood pressure elevations and cardiac autonomic imbalance.
we compared the cardiovascular responses to three different re protocols performed by @number@ healthy elderly on a leg press machine.
based on heart rate variability analysis , only ll kept parasympathetic indexes lower than con at @number@ min recovery.
by finger photoplethysmography , ll-bfr prompted higher systolic and mainly diastolic blood pressure increments in many sets.
the heart rate and cardiac output increase , and total peripheral resistance reduction following exercise were not different among re protocols.
there was no significant post-exercise hypotension and carotid arterial compliance changes.
recognizing and identifying an individual based on his or her face is a technical and scientific challenge and the objective of our investigation.
this article's goal is to establish a method , a foundation and an instrument for carrying out the process of recognizing and identifying an individual.
based on the proposal presented here , the construction of a protocol for the process of recognizing and identifying an individual can be implemented computationally.
background : hepatitis c ( hcv ) infection is an increasingly common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) in china.
aims : we aimed to determine differences in demographic and behavioral profiles associated with hcc in hcv + patients in china and the usa.
methods : consecutive hcv + patients were recruited from centers in china and the usa.
clinical data and lifestyle profiles were obtained through standardized questionnaires.
multivariable analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with hcc diagnosis within groups.
results : we included @number@ hcc patients from china and @number@ from the usa , and @number@ non-hcc patients in china and @number@ in china.
in the us cohort , age > @number@ male sex , and cirrhosis were associated with hcc on multivariable analysis.
the protective effect of tea consumption on hcc development deserves further validation.
this review addresses the pathogenesis and mechanisms of these mutant alleles and the unique interactions of both of age and gender.
with regard to oral cavity , it is known that jaw bone morphology greatly changes with tooth loss.
as an example , the height of the mandibular bone decreases to the position of the mylohyoid line after tooth loss.
in elderly patients , bacterial infection often causes severe complications and sepsis.
compared to younger patients , older patients are more susceptible to sepsis caused by respiratory infection.
macrophage ( mϕ ) phagocytosis of bacteria plays a critical role in the clearance of pathogens and the initiation of immune responses.
however , the mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear.
the present study sought to determine changes in bacterial phagocytosis in aging alveolar mϕ ( amϕ ) and the underlying mechanisms.
we show that bacteria initiate cytoskeleton remodeling in amϕ through interaction with macrophage receptor with collagenous structure ( marco ) , a bacterial scavenger receptor.
this remodeling , in turn , promotes enhanced cell surface expression of marco and bacterial phagocytosis.
as a result , bacterial phagocytosis in aging amϕ is decreased.
this study highlights a previously unidentified mechanism by which aging impairs mϕ phagocytosis of bacteria.
targeting these pathways may improve outcomes of bacterial infection in elderly patients.
alteration of dynamic range of modulation to cognitive difficulty has been proposed as a salient predictor of cognitive aging.
first , we examined parametric increases and decreases in activation to increasing wm load ( positive modulation effect and negative modulation effect ) .
age-related alterations to positive modulation emerged later in the lifespan than negative modulation.
furthermore , these effects were significantly coupled in that greater upmodulation was associated with lesser downmodulation.
in ad brains , bace1 is abnormally accumulated in endocytic compartments , where the acidic ph is optimal for its activity.
however , mechanisms regulating the endosome-to-trans-golgi network ( tgn ) retrieval of bace1 remain unclear.
here , we show that partitioning defective @number@ ( par3 ) facilitates bace1 retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the tgn.
more quantitative studies are needed.
materials and methods : total @number@ subjects were recruited in this prospective study.
the subjects were evaluated by skin complexion analysis and 3-dimensional imaging system at @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
mean brow height lift and submental lift were calculated.
results : all @number@ subjects completed treatment and received the follow-up examinations at @number@ and @number@ days.
two of the @number@ subjects were male.
mean patient age was @number@ years ( range : @number@.8-61.1 years ) .
wrinkles , texture , and pores were @number@ variables relevant to analysis of skin laxity.
only mean wrinkles score reduction at @number@ days was statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) .
at @number@ days , a mean @number@ mm submental lift was noted ( p = @number@ ) .
and at @number@ days , a mean @number@ mm submental lift was noted ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : this study showed that the most prominent change after the 800-line mfu-v treatments in asians was the significant submental lift at @number@ days.
other noninvasive or minimally invasive treatment modalities can be considered to combine with mfu-v for the optimal treatment response.
additional mfu-v treatments can be considered @number@ months after the first treatment.
carbamylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that physiologically occurs during aging and is a risk factor for various diseases.
the most common product of carbamylation is homocitrulline ( hcit ) , where a lysine ( lys ) amino group has reacted with urea-derived cyanate.
this allowed us to selectively approach hscs functionally affected by age.
immunofluorescence staining revealed localization of abca1 on both sides of polarized rpe cells.
surgical management has also been subject of numerous technical and strategic developments.
for a better understanding of the curative strategies of face aging , the authors have put into perspective the three-dimensional data acquired up to date.
method : a review of the literature focused on the three-dimensional study of facial aging was carried out.
3d , particularly highlights the major impact of aging on the perioral area , which was up to now neglected compared to other facial areas.
the goal of this article is to provide a systemic approach to forehead rejuvenation.
fillers , botulinic toxin injections , transpalpebral , endoscopic or bicoronal brow lift must be usual techniques for every plastic surgeon in overall facial rejuvenation.
achieving a long lasting and aesthetically pleasing forehead is possible only with surgical techniques when aging is obvious.
faithful chromosome segregation in meiosis requires crossover ( co ) recombination , which is regulated to ensure at least one co per homolog pair.
we investigate the failure to ensure cos in juvenile male mice.
design : prospective study.
setting : the national social life , health , and aging project.
participants : a national probability sample of @number@ home-dwelling older u.s. adults assessed at baseline ( @date@ ) and 5-year follow-up ( @date@ ) .
measurements : gait speed , activity , disability , cognition , overall health , 5-year mortality.
conclusion : gsi predicts impaired physical function , cognitive dysfunction , significant weight loss , and mortality @number@ years later in older u.s. adults.
correcting this mutation in human embryos may prevent the disease being passed onto future generations and cure anemia.
here we report the first study using base editor ( be ) system to correct disease mutant in human embryos.
then we collected primary skin fibroblast cells from a β-thalassemia patient with hbb @number@ ( a > g ) homozygous mutation.
data showed that base editor could precisely correct hbb @number@ ( a > g ) mutation in the patient's primary cells.
notably , the gene correction efficiency was over @percent@ in these embryos by base editor.
although these embryos were still mosaic , the percentage of repaired blastomeres was over @percent@.
collectively , this study demonstrated the feasibility of curing genetic disease in human somatic cells and embryos by base editor system.
background : asthma seems to present in the elderly as a specific phenotype that remains to be further described.
in this prospective observational study , we aimed to assess the multidimensional aspects of asthma in the elderly.
results : fifty subjects were recruited in each group.
elderly people with asthma showed more marked airway obstruction compared with young people with asthma and elderly people without asthma.
reduced physical performance is an important feature of aging , and walking speed is a valid measure of physical performance and mobility in older adults.
no association was observed for urine cadmium levels with walking speed.
cadmium concentrations in blood , but not in urine , were associated with slower gait speed.
our findings add to the growing volume of evidence supporting cadmium's toxicity even at low levels of exposure.
adverse atrial remodeling is associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation ( af ) and can be detected by a shift in p-wave axis.
we aimed to determine whether an analysis of p-wave axis can be used to improve risk prediction of af.
we included @number@ atherosclerosis risk in communities study participants who were free of af at baseline.
abnormal p-wave axis ( apwa ) was defined as any value outside @number@ to @number@ degrees on study visit 12-lead electrocardiograms.
af was determined using study visit electrocardiograms , death certificates , and hospital discharge records.
multivariable cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) for the association of apwa with af.
the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology-af ( charge-af ) risk prediction model variables served as our benchmark.
improvement in 10-year af prediction was assessed by c-statistic , category-based net reclassification improvement , and relative integrated discrimination improvement.
in conclusion , apwa is independently associated with af in the general population.
the use of this maker modestly improves af prediction.
line1 retrotransposons are members of a class of mobile genetic elements capable of retrotransposition in the genome via a process of reverse transcription.
line1 repeats , integrating into different chromosomal loci , affect the activity of genes and cause different genomic mutations.
however , the contribution of line1 to genomic variability during normal aging and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases is poorly understood.
inter-individual quantitative variations of active families of al1 repeats in the genome were observed.
no significant age-dependent differences were identified.
likewise , no difference of al1 copy number in brain and blood were indicated between ad patients and the aged-matched control group without dementia.
these data imply that aging and the ad-associated neurodegenerative process are not the major factors contributing to the retrotransposition processes of active line1 repeats.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients display hippocampal atrophy , memory impairment , and cognitive decline.
disruption of this process contributes to neurodegenerative diseases including ad , and many of the molecular players in ad are also modulators of adult neurogenesis.
however , the genetic mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in ad have been underexplored.
since the first report of a case in saint martin island in @number@ it has spread to south , central , and north america.
the first local transmission in the continental united states was reported in florida in @date@ .
chiv infection is known to cause debilitating rheumatologic disease.
older adults are particularly susceptible to severe and chronic infection.
consideration will be given to how aging and immunosenescence may contribute to chikv's atypical and more-severe clinical features in older adults.
this review concludes with possible therapeutic approaches that best fit the unique needs of older adults , especially with regard to multimorbidity and polypharmacy.
background / objectives : longitudinal studies have shown an increase in cognitive decline many years before clinical diagnosis of dementia.
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : community-dwelling members of a u.s. health maintenance organization.
the impact of sex , education level , and apoe genotype on cognitive trajectories was assessed.
results : increased cognitive decline relative to \ "normal \ " aging was evident in casi irt at least @number@ years before clinical diagnosis.
male gender , lower education , and presence of ≥1 apoe ε4 alleles were associated with lower average irt scores.
the change point did not differ by sex , education level , or apoe ε4 genotype.
there were subtle differences in trajectory slopes by sex and apoe ε4 genotype , but not by education.
conclusion : decline in average global cognitive function was evident at least @number@ years before clinical diagnosis of dementia.
the decline accelerated about @number@ years before clinical diagnosis.
unlike dxa , subject-specific quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis ( qct / fea ) estimates fracture strength using 3d bone mineral distribution and geometry.
for each femur , dxa / abmd was assessed and a qct / fea model was developed to estimate femoral stiffness and strength.
then , the femur was mechanically tested to fracture in a sideways fall on the hip position to measure stiffness and strength.
dxa / abmd and qct / fea estimates were compared for their sensitivity to sex and age with multivariate statistical analyses.
however , qct / fea predictions of stiffness and strength showed sex was insignificant ( p ≥ @number@ ) .
age was still significant ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
these results indicate that qct / fea , unlike dxa / abmd , accounted for bone differences due to sex.
local muscle activation increased peak force by @percent@ , contact area by @percent@ , and peripheral hip force by @percent@ compared to relaxed trials.
in summary , males and low-bmi individuals exhibited more concentrated loading over the greater trochanter.
muscle activation increased peak force , but this force was distributed over a larger area , preventing increased localized loading over the greater trochanter.
recent findings : we identified successful strategies and promising practices for improving medication adherence among patients diagnosed with chd.
identified addressed discontinuation.
studies varied by use of objective , self-report , and a combination of outcome measures with a greater number reporting only subjective measures of adherence.
key findings remained mixed in supporting specific intervention designs or delivery formats.
this review addresses available data of promising practices for improving chd medication adherence.
future studies are needed to examine intervention effectiveness , scalability , and durability of observed outcome effects.
coordinated activation of muscle stem cells ( known as satellite cells ) is critical for postnatal muscle growth and regeneration.
here we show that macrophages at sites of muscle injury induce activation of satellite cells via expression of adamts1.
overexpression of adamts1 in macrophages in vivo is sufficient to increase satellite cell activation and improve muscle regeneration in young mice.
we demonstrate that notch1 is a target of adamts1 metalloproteinase activity , which reduces notch signaling , leading to increased satellite cell activation.
here the authors show that in response to muscle injury , macrophages secrete adamts1 , which induces satellite cell activation by modulating notch1 signaling.
univariable analyses examined the relationship between neurogranin and the other ad-related biomarkers.
synaptic functioning may be a useful early marker of cognitive aging and possibly a target for future brain aging interventions.
genome sequencing efforts have identified virtually all of the important mutations in adult myeloid malignancies.
to achieve this , the biological impact of chip variants on hsc function must be validated.
gwas data will be used for exploratory analyses to identify any genes associated with stress and cvd.
objective : to determine whether women with germline brca mutations have reduced primordial follicle reserve and increased oocyte dna damage.
design : a comparative laboratory study of ovarian tissue obtained from unaffected brca mutation carriers ( bmcs ) vs age-matched organ donor cadavers.
setting : two academic centers.
patients or other participants : of the @number@ ovarian specimens from bmcs , @number@ met the study inclusion criteria.
healthy ovaries from @number@ organ donor cadavers served as controls.
intervention : histology and immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded ovarian sections.
main outcome measure ( s ) : primordial follicle density and the percentage of dna double-strand break ( dsb ) -positive primordial follicle oocytes.
these findings may further our understanding of ovarian aging , and be useful when counseling bmcs.
context : hypertension in young women is uncommon compared with young men and older women.
estrogen appears to protect most women against hypertension , with incidence increasing after menopause.
because some premenopausal women develop hypertension , estrogen may play a different role in these women.
genetic variations in the estrogen receptor ( er ) are associated with cardiovascular disease.
er-β , encoded by esr2 , is the er predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle.
single nucleotide polymorphisms in esr1 ( er-α ) were also analyzed.
men were analyzed to control for aging.
findings were confirmed in hypertension insulin-resistance study premenopausal women.
hyperpath cohort analyses revealed risk allele carriers vs noncarriers had increased aldosterone / renin ratios.
no associations were detected with esr1.
inappropriate aldosterone levels on a liberal salt diet may mediate the ssbp.
context : both type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) and osteoporosis are affected by aging and quite often coexist.
furthermore , the fracture risk in patients with t2d is increased.
regarding recommendations , we adopted the grading system introduced by the american college of physicians.
evidence synthesis : the results are presented in systematic tables.
healthy diet and physical exercise are very important for the prevention and treatment of both entities.
insulin should be used with caution and with careful measures to avoid hypoglycemia.
thiazolidinediones and canagliflozin should be avoided , whereas other sodium-dependent glucose transporter @number@ inhibitors are less well-validated options.
insulin therapy is the preferred method for achieving glycemic control in hospitalized patients with t2d and fractures.
the treatment and monitoring of osteoporosis should be continued without important amendments because of the presence of t2d.
conclusions : patients with coexisting t2d and osteoporosis should be managed in an optimal way according to scientific evidence.
processes that support genome integrity in normal cells , however , allow cancer cells to develop resistance to radiation and dna-damaging chemotherapeutics.
the difficulty in capitalizing on synthetically lethal interactions in cancer cells is that many potential targets do not possess well-defined small-molecule binding determinates.
chronic exercise has been shown to prevent or slow age-related decline in cognitive functions in otherwise healthy , asymptomatic individuals.
twenty-two young healthy controls ( yhc ) , @number@ age-matched old healthy controls ( ohc ) and @number@ patients with stable chd were recruited.
cognitive function assessment included short term-working memory , perceptual abilities , processing speed , cognitive inhibition and flexibility and long-term verbal memory.
[ formula : see text ] peak and ci max were related to exercise cerebral oxygenation-perfusion and cognitive function ( p < 0.005 ) .
cerebral oxygenation-perfusion ( exercise ) was related to cognitive function ( p < 0.005 ) .
in the all sample , cognitive functions correlated with [ formula : see text ] peak , ci max and cerebral oxygenation-perfusion.
human vision quality is influenced by ocular aberrations , including astigmatism and higher-order aberrations ( hoas ) , in combination with other optical factors.
in this study , we introduce the results and perceptions of previous studies investigating these aberrations.
we also introduce our results obtained as part of the yamagata study ( funagata ) , a population-based epidemiologic study.
it was found that the axes of refractive astigmatism shift from with-the-rule toward against-the-rule with aging.
it was demonstrated that the change in corneal curvature causes this shift.
it was further reported that hoa increase is associated with deterioration of visual function.
some authors described that hoa increases with age in adults and that aging disrupts compensation between corneal and internal aberrations.
our study confirmed these results after considering possible confounding factors.
hoa decreased from childhood to early adulthood and then increased with age , as modeled by a second-order polynomial regression.
it is possible that the reduction in hoa is involved in emmetropization.
in addition to age , hoa is known to be influenced by several factors , including pupil diameter , accommodation , and pupil shift.
although hoa increases with aging , the increase may be compensated by decreasing the pupil diameter.
better understanding of the causes of optical alterations with aging will improve the maintenance of vision quality.
there is growing evidence about the influence of chemical exposures on specific molecular systems and mechanisms involved in cognitive and mental function.
evidence is also emerging about the negative impact of these chemical exposures on mental health , including depression , suicide , and other risks.
despite the growing appreciation of these factors , however , little attention has been paid to the ethical and social implications of their interactions.
none : orthopedic hardware impairs image quality in cross-sectional imaging.
this review provides an overview of the major artifacts in ct and mri and state-of-the-art solutions to improve image quality.
all steps of image acquisition from device selection , scan preparations and parameters to image post-processing influence the magnitude of metal artifacts.
citation format : · do td , sutter r , skornitzke s et al.
ct and mri techniques for imaging around orthopedic hardware.
fortschr röntgenstr @number@ 190 : @number@ - @number@
unlike replication-dependent h3. @date@ isoforms , h3.3 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and becomes enriched in postmitotic cells with age.
however , lifelong dynamics of h3 variant replacement and the impact of this process on chromatin organization remain largely undefined.
using quantitative middle-down proteomics we demonstrate that h3.3 accumulates to near saturation levels in the chromatin of various mouse somatic tissues by late adulthood.
accumulation of h3.3 is associated with profound changes in global levels of both individual and combinatorial h3 methyl modifications.
nmr titration and molecular dynamics simulation identified the residues within rrm1 and rrm2 responsible for the interaction between dhts and hur.
in vivo , dhts potently inhibited xenograft tumor growth in a hur-dependent model without systemic toxicity.
defects in mmr are associated with increased cancer risk in humans and other organisms.
in addition , polδd515v does not increase the mutation frequency in mmr-proficient cells.
based on our findings , we propose that the proofreading activity restricts the strand displacement activity of polδ in mmr.
this contributes to maintain the nicks required for exo1 entry , and in this manner ensures the dominance of the exo1-dependent mmr pathway.
the purpose of our study was to identify micrornas ( mirnas ) as early detectable peripheral biomarkers in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we used affymetrix microarray analysis and validated differentially expressed mirnas using qrt-pcr.
we further validated mirna data using ad postmortem brains , amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and ad cell lines.
we identified a gradual upregulation of four mirnas : mir-455-3p , mir-4668-5p , mir-3613-3p and mir-4674.
a fifth mirna , mir-6722 , was down-regulated in persons with ad and mild cognitive impairment compared with controls.
furthermore , qrt-pcr analysis of the ad postmortem brains with different braak stages also showed upregulation of mir-455-3p ( p = @number@ ) .
furthermore , human and mouse neuroblastoma cells treated with the amyloid-β ( 1-42 ) peptide also showed a similarly higher expression of mir-455-3p.
functional analysis of differentially expressed mirnas via the mir-path indicated that mir-455-3p was associated in the regulation of several biological pathways.
genes associated with these pathways were found to have a crucial role in ad pathogenesis.
an increase in mir-455-3p expression found in ad patients and aβ pathologies unveiled its biomarker characteristics and a precise role in ad pathogenesis.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disease affecting millions worldwide.
the mechanism whereby cholesterol metabolism functionally impacts neurodegeneration induced by α-synuclein is undefined.
here we report that nceh-1 protects dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein-dependent neurotoxicity in c. elegans via a mechanism that is independent of lifespan extension.
we discovered that the presence of cholesterol , ldlr-mediated cholesterol endocytosis , and cholesterol efflux are all essential to nceh-1-mediated neuroprotection.
in protecting from α-synuclein neurotoxicity , nceh-1 also stimulates cholesterol-derived neurosteroid formation and lowers cellular reactive oxygen species in mitochondria.
however , the effect of wmh on statistical analysis of dti estimates has not been thoroughly studied.
in the present study we address this in two ways.
using data from more recent epidemiological studies , this review proposes an alternative model of the natural history of genital hpv across the life span.
alternative study designs and analytic frameworks are proposed to better understand the frequency and determinants of these transition pathways.
this study aimed to compare the prevalence of frailty across three chinese populations : hong kong , taiwan-urban and taiwan-rural.
contributing factors to disparities in frailty were also examined.
the aforementioned are all related to the determinants of active aging.
the aim is to describe the development of a middle-range theory based on coping and adaptation with active aging.
concepts and relationships derived from roy's model of adaptation are included.
the proposed concepts are hope , health habits , coping with aging , social relations , and active aging.
the demographic change in industrial countries leads to an increasing population that sustains an acetabular fracture in an advanced age.
some authors predicted elderly individuals to be the most rapidly growing subgroup of patients currently sustaining acetabular fractures.
gold standard of treatment of acetabular fractures remains the open reduction and internal fixation.
relevant factors impeding surgical treatment include the significantly decreased bone stock and the incapability of the patients to partially weight bear following surgery.
this review aims to summarize the current body of knowledge and to give a recommendation concerning a surgical treatment cascade.
modern antiretroviral treatment belongs to the greatest success of current medicine.
hiv infection has gone from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease which develops several decades.
thanks to treatment advances , people with hiv can and do live long and full lives.
these hallmarks are typically seen in older hiv uninfected general population and are associated with aging and the immunosenescent phenotype.
the explanation for this phenomenon is unclear.
there are multiple factors , which may apply pathophysiologically , including the residual immune dysregulation syndrome and antiretrovirals alone.
it is clear that changes in the nature of chronic hiv infection put it in internal medicine.
cardiology , internal medicine , geriatric and oncology syndromes are dominating manifestations in hiv positive patients on antiretrovirals.
care management for hiv infected individuals will need to draw on a wide range of medical disciplines in diagnosis and treatment.
we adopt a phenotypic redefinition of aging conceptualized within a broader context of hiv infection and of aging.
phenotypes are defined as dimensions of behavior , closely related to fundamental mechanisms , and , thus , may be more informative than chronological age.
background and purpose : there are few studies of spinal microvascular pathologies in older adults.
we characterized spinal cord microvascular pathologies and examined their associations with other spinal and brain postmortem indices and parkinsonism in older adults.
methods : we documented @number@ features of microvascular pathologies in spinal cord and brain specimens from @number@ deceased older participants.
we also measured spinal white matter pallor.
parkinsonian signs were assessed with a modified version of the motor section of the unified parkinson's disease rating scale.
results : microinfarcts and cerebral amyloid angiopathy were not observed within the spinal cord parenchyma.
influenza a virus ( iav ) causes an acute infection in humans that is normally eliminated by cd8
the determinants of telomere attrition , a potential marker of cellular aging , are not well understood.
the magnitudes of these associations were large , for example , the equivalent of almost @number@ years of chronological age for those cmv seropositive.
higher immunoglobulin g antibody levels among those seropositive to cmv were also associated with shorter ltl at follow-up.
these associations were robust to adjustment for age , sex , employment grade , body mass index , and smoking status.
these results suggest that exposure to infectious agents should be an important consideration in future studies of telomere dynamics.
background : hiv-infected individuals are at increased risk of tissue inflammation and accelerated vascular aging ( 'inflamm-aging' ) .
however , little data exists on ambulatory blood pressure ( abp ) and measures of vascular stiffness in the black african hiv infected population.
methods : this is a cross-sectional analysis of otherwise well , hiv infected outpatients on art for > 5 years.
patients completed a questionnaire of autonomic symptoms.
cd4 + counts and viral loads were obtained from the national laboratory results system.
the majority ( @percent@ ) were classified as overweight and @percent@ had an increased waist circumference , yet only @percent@ of participants were normotensive.
a hscrp level in the high cardiovascular risk category was found in @percent@ of participants.
the prevalence of non-dipping bp was @percent@.
causality cannot be inferred but cardiovascular risk reduction should be emphasized in these patients.
current evidence reveals high mortality rates within @number@ months to @number@ year among frail elderly patients who suffer hip fracture.
in addition , the presence of multiple chronic conditions negatively impacts mortality rates in this vulnerable population.
microglial cell function is implicated in the etiology of alzheimer's disease by human genetics.
in this issue of immunity , krasemann et al.
on-chip microfluidic cell culturing is an indispensable technique for cellular replacement therapies and experimental cell biology.
however , pdms is also a chemically and physically unstable material.
for example , pdms undergoes aging easily even in room temperature conditions.
therefore , it is difficult to control long term experimental culturing conditions.
on the other hand , glass is expected to be stable not only in physically but also chemically even in the presence of organic solvents.
thus , we introduce a filter structure with micropores onto a glass device to improve permeability to the cell culture space.
normally , it is extremely difficult to fabricate a filter structure on a normal glass plate by using a conventional fabrication method.
here , we demonstrated a method for fabricating an all-glass microfluidic cell culturing device having filters structure.
the function of this all-glass culturing device was confirmed by culturing hela , fibroblast and es cells.
this method offers a new tool in microfluidic cell culture technology for biological analysis and it expands the field of microfluidic cell culture.
objectives : social activities such as ' eating-with-others ' can positively affect the ageing process.
we investigated the gender-specific association between eating arrangements and risk of all-cause mortality among free-living older adults.
setting : a representative sample from the elderly nutrition and health survey in taiwan during 1999-2000.
primary and secondary outcome measures : eating arrangements , health condition and 24-hour dietary recall information were collected at baseline.
we classified eating arrangements as the daily frequency of eating-with-others ( 0-3 ) .
survivorship was determined by the national death registry until the end of @number@
cox proportional-hazards regression was used to assess the association between eating-with-others and mortality risk.
results : overall , @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women ate with others three times a day.
with further adjustment for financial status , hr was reduced by @percent@ in men who ate with others two times a day.
pathway analysis shows this to be dependent on improved dietary quality by eating-with-others.
conclusions : eating-with-others is an independent survival factor in older men.
providing a social environment which encourages eating-with-others may benefit survival of older people , especially for men.
prevention of aging is mainly obtained through appropriate health practices , modulated by the genetic causes of aging.
causes of facial structural aging include gravity , volume loss , contraction of the mimic muscles and obviously biological aging of tissues.
it ensures a good temporal effect but there is nearly no improvement at the mid-pupilla level.
a mid-face lift is nevertheless mandatory to achieve an efficient skin removal on the mid-pupilla line.
rationale and objectives : changes in the composition of body tissues are major aging phenotypes , but they have been difficult to study in depth.
here we describe age-related change in abdominal tissues observable in computed tomography ( ct ) scans.
we used pattern recognition and machine learning to detect and quantify these changes in a model-agnostic fashion.
materials and methods : ct scans of abdominal l4 sections were obtained from baltimore longitudinal study of aging ( blsa ) participants.
the accuracy achieved by the classifiers in differentiating the age cohorts was used as a surrogate measure of the aging signal in the different tissues.
results : the highest accuracy for discriminating age differences was @number@ and @number@ for males and females , respectively.
the classification accuracy was @number@ and @number@ for adipose tissue , @number@ and @number@ for soft tissue , and @number@ and @number@ for bone.
this technology is advantageous for tracking effects of biological aging and predicting adverse outcomes when compared to the traditional use of specific molecular biomarkers.
mmr is widely-used as a diagnostic biomarker for human cancers in the clinic , and as a biomarker of cancer susceptibility in animal model systems.
age simulation suits are used to demonstrate typical physical impairments of older age ( e.g. , strength and sensory losses ) in younger individuals.
the purpose of the current study was to describe gait performance in different age groups while wearing an age simulation suit.
gait performance was measured with a gait analysis system ( gaitrite self-care and self-management programs are touted as a means to age successfully.
yet , these programs pay little regard to a critical first step-the personal goals of older adults.
the capacity to self-identify goals and pursue actions toward goal achievement transcends age.
an examination of life goals identified by community-dwelling , low-income older adults indicates that functional performance mechanisms are valued.
a third goal , increased socialization , aligns with relevant psychosocial factors and reflects the need to engage with others.
the preferences of the older adult placed at the center of the care planning process strategically support goal attainment.
[ res gerontol nurs.
@number@ 10 ( @number@ ) : 205-214. ] .
in the current precision medicine era , more and more samples get genotyped and sequenced.
both researchers and commercial companies expend significant time and resources to reduce the error rate.
the resulting @number@ fingerprinting snps represent a significant decrease in complexity and the number of markers used for genetic data labelling and tracking.
coffee has been proposed to have benefits for chronic diseases ; however , the relevant mechanism remains to be elucidated.
we conducted a cross-sectional study and evaluated the levels of adiponectin and leptin in relation to coffee consumption.
coffee consumption was associated with higher circulating levels of adiponectin and lower circulating levels of leptin.
our study may suggest that improvement in adipocyte function contributes to the beneficial metabolic effects of coffee consumption.
vascular aging , as assessed by structural and functional arterial properties , is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk.
we hypothesized that the number of cardiovascular risk factors determines the progression of vascular aging.
subjects were classified at baseline according to their number of risk factors ( from @number@ to @number@ and more ) .
individuals with subjective memory complaints show differential brain activation during memory encoding ; however , whether such differences contribute to successful memory formation remains unclear.
transcription factors regulate various developmental and functional aspects of b cells.
adaptive signals by themselves cannot upregulate t-bet ; however , they have a synergistic effect on induction of t-bet by innate receptors.
the functional role of t-bet + b cells is unclear , although it is known that t-bet promotes class switching to igg2a / c.
one study of rural women in monteverde reported that women knew little about the menopausal transition , as the subject was not discussed.
a wide variety of herbal therapies are used , and some of these herbs have estrogenic activities in vitro.
however , clinical data on the safety and efficacy of any of these treatments is lacking.
fortunately , the strain of hpv infecting these women is not associated with cervical cancer.
overall , there is a significant lack of scientific and medical research on menopausal women in costa rica.
body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
in men , dqi-i scores were not associated with the number of body composition abnormalities.
background : older women with low back pain ( lbp ) constitute a special subpopulation at risk of severe and permanent disability.
it is important to identify factors limiting functionality in this population in order to reduce costs and improve both prevention and intervention.
objective : to examine whether hgs predicts disability in older women with acute low back pain ( lbp ) .
women aged @number@ years and over with a new episode of acute lbp were included.
changes in gait speed were very small and unlikely to be of clinical relevance.
prebiotics have the ability to favour growth of beneficial bacteria , especially short-chain fatty-acids ( scfa ) producers.
a review of the literature was executed using the medline database and clinical trials from @number@ to @number@ were selected for analysis.
in healthy subjects or in individuals with the mets , the results are too heterogeneous and scarce to be able to set any specific recommendations.
more clinical studies are needed to better understand the role of prebiotics in the management of mets components.
objectives : chronic conditions are pervasive among middle-aged and older adults.
reliance on sources of support varied with participants ' sociodemographic factors as well as healthcare and medication use.
background : identifying factors associated with recommended physical activity ( pa ) levels are critical in efforts to combat the obesity epidemic and related comorbidities.
methods : we conducted cross-sectional analyses of college students ( n = @number@ ) enrolled in a large southern state university in october of @number@
our aim was to identify sociodemographic characteristics , technology use , and sleep patterns among college students and their independent relationship to recommended pa.
an online survey was sent to all enrolled students.
logistic regression predicted achieving recommended ≥150 min per week of moderate-vigorous pa ( mvpa ) versus not ( ≤149 min mvpa ) .
the average age of students was @number@ years.
the mean number of hours individuals reported sleeping was @number@
identifying factors associated with being physically active will allow for targeted interventions to improve the health of young adults.
the number of older hiv-infected people is growing due to increasing life expectancies resulting from the use of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) .
this results in complex medication regimens with the potential for significant drug-drug interactions and increased morbidity and mortality.
expert commentary : there is limited evidence-based data on art drug interactions , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the older hiv-infected population.
practitioners must remain vigilant for potential drug interactions and intervene when there is a potential for harm.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with the unprecedented aging tendency in our world population and has become a significant health issue.
the use of traditional chinese medicine to treat ad has been increasing in recent years.
the objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of combining acupuncture with herbal medicine to treat ad.
randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) of acupuncture plus herbals versus treatment with western drugs for ad were retrieved from @number@ databases.
from the current research results , acupuncture plus herbal medicine may have advantages over western drugs for treating ad.
nevertheless , well-designed rcts with a larger sample size are required in the future.
the extent to which these associations are present in other study populations is unknown.
the association between these biomarkers and lung cancer risk was evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.
circulating concentrations of methionine were not associated with lung cancer risk overall or in important subgroups.
macrophage markers ( cd68 , cd163 , and cd206 ) in sat , vat , and the liver from patients with obesity were investigated.
results : sat macrophage markers did not decrease with weight loss , but macrophage concentration may have increased , concomitant with improved is.
hepatic anti-inflammatory macrophage markers correlated positively with hepatic is.
vat and sat macrophage markers did not correlate.
sat macrophage markers were not predictive for vat macrophage markers.
none : the detection of changes in lean mass ( lm ) distribution can help to prevent disability.
methods : two hundred fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled.
in females , no significant modification with aging was identified in lm and lmi.
aqueous humor flows through schlemm's canal ( sc ) , a lymphatic-like vessel encircling the cornea , and via intercellular spaces of ciliary muscle cells.
however , the mechanisms underlying increased aho resistance are poorly understood.
we found that sc integrity is maintained by interconnected and coordinated functions of angpt-tie2 signaling , aho , and prox1 activity.
these functions diminish in the sc during aging , leading to impaired integrity and transcytosis.
intriguingly , tie2 reactivation using a tie2 agonistic antibody rescued the poag phenotype in angpt1 / angpt2-deficient mice and rejuvenated the sc in aged mice.
these results indicate that the angpt-tie2 system is essential for sc integrity.
the impairment of this system underlies poag-associated pathogenesis , supporting the possibility that tie2 agonists could be a therapeutic option for glaucoma.
inadequate pancreatic β cell function underlies type @number@ and type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
strategies to expand functional cells have focused on discovering and controlling mechanisms that limit the proliferation of human β cells.
we show that the mitogenic effect of ex-4 requires calcineurin / nuclear factor of activated t cells ( nfat ) signaling.
by contrast , expression of these factors in adult islet β cells was not affected by ex-4 exposure.
metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors defined by the presence of abdominal obesity , glucose intolerance , hypertension and / or dyslipidemia.
it is a major public health epidemic worldwide , and a known risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction and dementia.
this review analyzes the impact of metabolic syndrome on white matter microstructural integrity , brain structure abnormalities and their relationship to cognitive function.
each of the metabolic syndrome components exerts a specific signature of white matter microstructural abnormalities.
methods : the nationwide inpatient sample database from @number@ to @number@ was used to identify patients who underwent surgery for a primary spinal tumor.
the spinal tumor frailty index , consisting of @number@ items , was applied to each patient.
results : inclusion criteria were met by @number@ patients.
overall major complication rate was @percent@.
conclusions : compared with patients without frailty , patients with mild , moderate , and severe frailty had significantly increased odds of developing postoperative complications.
systematic evaluation of preoperative frailty should play a key role in decision making for patients undergoing surgery for primary spinal tumors.
in spite of many interesting medical and surgical procedures , treating this area is sometimes difficult and results are not always up to our expectations.
standardized blepharoplasty , which has often been improperly used , has shown its limits.
since the latest refinements , lipostructure has revolutionised blepharoplasty and serving as a reference , it has become an established technique.
subperiostal mediofacial lift allows outstanding results at the cost of a certain technical aggressiveness.
aesthetic medicine proposes worthy alternative and / or appropriate complementary solutions.
different procedures we dispose of have been reviewed together with their assets and their limits.
a codification of therapeutic indications is proposed.
the positioning of the eyelid-cheek clinical junction in relation with the low orbital bone rim influences our strategy in choosing the appropriate technique.
background : post-mortem studies have not identified an association between β-amyloid or tau and rates of hippocampal atrophy in patients with alzheimer's disease.
tar dna binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) is another protein linked to alzheimer's disease.
we aimed to investigate whether hippocampal tdp-43 is associated with increased rates of hippocampal atrophy.
each individual was also assigned a neurofibrillary tangle stage ( b1-b3 ) , relating to the likelihood of having alzheimer's disease.
the trajectory analysis suggested that increased rates of tdp-43-associated hippocampal atrophy might occur at least @number@ years before death.
results were similar for freesurfer and tensor-based morphometry.
interpretation : tdp-43 should be considered as a potential factor related to increased rates of hippocampal atrophy in patients with alzheimer's disease.
given the importance of hippocampal atrophy in alzheimer's disease , it is imperative that techniques are developed for detection of tdp-43 in vivo.
funding : us national institute on aging ( national institutes of health ) .
expression of mtfp1 is coupled to pro-fission phosphorylation and mitochondrial recruitment of the fission gtpase dynamin-related protein @number@ ( drp1 ) .
all athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires , and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion.
human foreskin fibroblasts , hs68 cells , at an initial passage of @number@ were serially cultured for several months until they reached cellular senescence.
a decrease in cell proliferation was observed during the progression of senescence.
notably , the gradual decrease in basal autophagy coincided with replicative senescence induction.
however , despite decreased basal autophagic activity in senescent cells , autophagy inducers could induce autophagy in senescent cells.
age-related effects on brain activity during encoding and retrieval of episodic memories are well documented.
however , research typically tests memory only once , shortly after encoding.
retaining information over extended periods is critical , and there are reasons to expect age-related effects on the neural correlates of durable memories.
here , we tested whether age was associated with the activity elicited by durable memories.
one hundred forty-three participants ( 22-78 years ) underwent an episodic memory experiment where item-context relationships were encoded and tested twice.
participants were scanned during encoding and the first test.
memories retained after @number@ minutes but later forgotten were classified as transient , whereas memories retained after @number@ weeks were classified as durable.
durable memories were associated with greater encoding activity in inferior lateral parietal and posteromedial regions and greater retrieval activity in frontal and insular regions.
older adults exhibited lower posteromedial activity during encoding and higher frontal activity during retrieval , possibly reflecting greater involvement of control processes.
this demonstrates that long-lasting memories are supported by specific patterns of cortical activity that are related to age.
we find that ageing drivers experience more crashes at intersections than younger drivers , especially crashes involving turning movements.
furthermore , ageing drivers experience more crashes at unchannelized intersections compared to channelized intersections.
ageing drivers also tend to make relatively sharper or tighter turns than younger drivers.
hence , transportation engineers and road safety professionals should consider appropriate countermeasures to reduce the risks of crashes involving ageing drivers at intersections.
the occurrence and progression of diseases are strongly associated with a combination of genetic , lifestyle , and environmental factors.
understanding the interplay between genetic and nongenetic components provides deep insights into disease pathogenesis and promotes personalized strategies for people healthcare.
moreover , feasible suggestions on precision healthcare and healthy longevity are kindly proposed based on the comprehensive review of current studies.
general pa programs are common as health promotion initiatives.
the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a guided walking program in a high social vulnerability context.
methods : a quasi-experimental , mixed methods study was conducted.
the program had a duration of @number@ months and a 6-month follow-up period after the intervention.
session frequency was five times a week , where sessions consisted of supervised pa combined with educational sessions.
the reach , effectiveness , adoption , implementation and maintenance ( re-aim ) framework was followed to assess the program.
the international physical activity questionnaire ( ipaq ) and accelerometers were used to measure levels of pa.
focus groups were conducted to gain a comprehensive insight on the implementation domain.
the reach of the intervention was @percent@.
the ig showed increased levels of pa at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up.
however , the difference between groups was not statistically significant.
the program was independently promoted by the health center team for a further @number@ months post-intervention.
the qualitative data revealed that the program was discontinued due to participants ' low adherence and human resource limitations in the unit's operational dynamics.
conclusions : a health promotion intervention in a socially deprived setting faces challenges but can be effective and feasible to implement.
the present study informs the development of future health promotion initiatives in this context.
trial registration : nct02857127 .
registered : @date@ ( retrospectively registered ) .
the potential for metals to bioaccumulate in aquatic species , such as fish , via trophic level transfer was investigated.
the present report describes a case in which polydioxanone threads were used to lift the lower third of a patient's face.
the procedure was performed in less than @number@ minutes and was well tolerated.
mild swelling at the insertion points and general treatment area resolved within @number@ days without intervention.
bruising was not observed.
the patient showed remarkable improvement @number@ months after the procedure. < p > < em > j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 932-934. < / em > < / p > .
onabotulinumtoxin a ( botox ) can be a safe and successful off-label treatment of vertical platysma bands of various severities.
we speculate that the adverse effects noted may be due to several possibilities , such as diffusion , injection technique , or intravascular injection.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 929-930. < / em > < / p > .
methods : for each case series , @number@ female subjects were enrolled.
skin elasticity was assessed at baseline and months @number@ and @number@ using a cutometer.
in the abdominal wall , caha diluted 1 : 4 with saline solution was injected subdermally using a linear-threading technique.
subjects underwent pre- and post-treatment ( @number@ days ) ultrasound scans to determine dermal thickness around the umbilicus and sides of the abdomen.
subjects and physicians assessed treatment outcomes using the 5-point global aesthetic improvement scale ( gais ) .
adverse events and tolerability were recorded.
diluted caha resulted in an overall increase in dermal thickness of @percent@ ( p≤0.05 ) .
in both case series , @percent@ of subjects and physicians rated treatment outcomes on gais as much or very much improved.
treatment was well tolerated.
conclusions : diluted caha improved skin elasticity and increased dermal thickness in the upper arms and abdomen after only a single treatment.
the procedures were well tolerated , and subject and investigator satisfaction with treatment results was very high.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 900-906. < / em > < / p > .
the level , size , and functionality of cutaneous ha are known to diminish with age.
topical treatments designed to increase the ha content of skin have been met with limited success.
methods : a 12-week , single center , clinical study was conducted on @number@ women with mild to moderate photodamage.
clinical grading to assess the efficacy and tolerability was conducted on the face at baseline and at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@
bioinstrumentation measurements were taken , including corneometer , tewameter , ultrasound , and standardized digital imaging.
additionally , a 4-week , single center , clinical study was conducted on the photodamaged forearms of @number@ subjects.
at both baseline and week @number@ a @number@ mm punch biopsy was obtained from the subjects ' randomized forearms.
biopsy samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and analysis of ha content.
tolerability was excellent , with no increases in irritation parameters noted.
a significant increase of ha content in skin after @number@ weeks of treatment was observed.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 884-890. < / em > < / p > .
background : precise implantation of soft tissue fillers to treat the signs of aging is crucial for patient safety and the best aesthetic outcome.
injections are performed commonly with either needles or cannulas , but quantitative comparative data on precise implantation are still elusive.
methods : ten fresh-frozen cephalic foreheads ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) were injected with radiopaque material using both needles and cannulas.
needle injection relied on a perpendicular transcutaneous approach , whereas cannulas were moved in the supra-periosteal plane until reaching the same location as the needle.
two-dimensional distribution of the material in the horizontal and in the vertical axes was quantified using fluoroscopic imaging.
additional ct and mr imaging was performed to confirm results.
retrograde backflow , however , was greater with a cannula ( @percent@ ) compared to a needle ( @percent@ ) .
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 866-872. < / em > < / p > .
background : communication concepts relating to prevention and early intervention ( p & e ) within aesthetic medicine are poorly understood and highly underexplored.
however , effective communication is a key criterion for successful outcomes.
objectives : to introduce the framework for p & e communication strategies within a younger population and explore the barriers that may be encountered.
message framing-the way in which a message is presented-is an important consideration in the dissemination of information to promote changes in health behaviour.
a structured consultation is key to optimising patient engagement and ensures a tailored approach to understanding and catering to the specific needs of each patient.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 859-864. < / em > < / p > .
objectives : to provide treatment recommendations for primary prevention and early intervention in individuals with no or minimal signs of aging.
methods : fourteen specialists in aesthetic medicine convened over a full-day meeting under the guidance of a certified moderator.
conclusion : preventive measures and early therapeutic interventions that may alter the course of facial aging were defined.
further studies are needed to support these recommendations with the best possible evidence. < p > < em > j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 846-854. < / em > < / p > .
background and objective : skeletal muscle has been suggested as an important factor in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
during the aging process , muscle mass is lost in specific body parts.
however , few studies have investigated the relationship between site-specific muscle loss assessed using computed tomography ( ct ) and metabolic syndrome.
methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted on @number@ middle-aged korean men.
anthropometric evaluation and biochemical tests were performed.
the rams of the subjects were measured from ct images taken at the umbilicus level.
moreover , ram decreased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased ( p-value for trend < 0.01 ) .
conclusion : ram was associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men.
moreover , site-specific muscle loss at the abdomen , as evaluated by ram , also may be a predictor of metabolic syndrome like smi.
this will assist emergency physicians ( eps ) in risk stratification.
methods : data for @number@ adult hpvg patients who visited the eds of @number@ research hospitals between @date@ and @date@ were analyzed.
in the roc curve analysis , the areas under the curve for rems , raps , and mews were @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
conclusion : our study is the largest series performed in a population of adult hpvg patients in the ed.
the results from this study demonstrate that rems is superior in predicting the mortality of these patients compared to raps and mews.
we therefore recommend that rems be used for outcome prediction and risk stratification of adult hpvg in the ed.
in mammals , caloric restriction consistently results in extended lifespan.
even more pronounced effects were seen in @number@.7-3.2-year-old mice exposed to @percent@ caloric restriction starting at @number@ years of age.
the effects of caloric restriction on dna methylation were detectable across different tissues and correlated with gene expression.
we propose that epigenetic drift is a determinant of lifespan in mammals.caloric restriction has been shown to increase lifespan in mammals.
skeletal muscle mass declines and muscular strength also weakens with age.
this is sarcopenia.
bone shows similar age-dependent changes leading to osteoporosis.
thus , the aging change of muscle and bone shows a similar change.
anatomically , skeletal muscle and bone are closely related.
sarcopenia and osteoporosis are risks of falls and fractures , and the risk for disability is also high.
in addition , it is considered that vitamin d is involved in all of its etiologies , and attention to vitamin d is necessary.
along with these similarities , there is a difference between sarcopenia and osteoporosis , which is a gender difference.
that is , while osteoporosis tends to occur in postmenopausal women , the decrease in skeletal muscle is more likely to occur in men.
pharmacist can play an important role in achieving both of goals.
it seems their role as a connector among all pharmacists will be more important.
our objective was to determine whether there is a time-dependent effect of ths exposure on health.
methods : two hundred and two patients with mild memory problems were recruited.
all had ' passed ' the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
used in combination with the ace-r , it provided additional value and identified almost all cases of amci / ad.
the tym-mci correctly classified most patients who had equivocal ace-r scores.
integrated discriminant improvement analysis showed that the tym-mci added value to the conventional memory assessment.
patients initially diagnosed as unknown or with subjective memory impairment who were later rediagnosed with amci / ad scored poorly on their original tym-mci.
it is simple and cheap to administer and requires minimal staff time and training.
neurodegeneration is a leading cause of death in the developed world and a natural , albeit unfortunate , consequence of longer-lived populations.
despite great demand for therapeutic intervention , it is often the case that these diseases are insufficiently understood at the basic molecular level.
thus , the means by which the interphase expression pattern is transduced to daughter cells have been unclear.
injectable substances known as fillers are used to palliate age-related atrophy and ptosis , and for their so-called \ "pseudo-lifting \ " action.
hyaluronic acid has a predominant and unchallenged place among fillers , well ahead of poly-l-lactic acid or calcium hydroxyapatite.
the substance used , the level of hyaluronic acid reticulation , and the depth of the injection depend on the injection site and intended effect.
effects range from smoothing superficial wrinkles to remodeling whole parts of the face.
complications related to such fillers are well known , especially in the case of hyaluronic acid , where overcorrection is the most frequent.
chemical and enzymatic barriers in the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract hamper the oral delivery of many labile drugs.
the gi epithelium also contributes to poor permeability for numerous drugs.
drugs with poor aqueous solubility have difficulty dissolving in the gi tract , resulting in low bioavailability.
nanomedicine provides an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of orally administered drugs.
solid lipid nanoparticles ( slns ) are categorized as a new generation of lipid nanoparticles consisting of a complete solid lipid matrix.
the nontoxic excipients and sophisticated material engineering of slns tailor the controllable physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles for gi penetration via mucosal or lymphatic transport.
in this review , we highlight the recent progress in the development of slns for disease treatment.
recent application of oral slns includes therapies for cancers , central nervous system-related disorders , cardiovascular-related diseases , infection , diabetes , and osteoporosis.
in this article , we systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for drug- and natural compound-loaded slns.
context : testosterone prescribing rates have increased substantially in the past decade.
however , little is known about the context within which such prescriptions occur.
objective : we evaluated provider- and site-level determinants of receipt of testosterone and of guideline-concordant testosterone prescribing.
design : this study was cross-sectional in design.
setting : this study was conducted at the veterans health administration ( va ) .
a total of @number@ providers and @number@ stations were associated with these patients.
main outcome measure : this study measured receipt of testosterone and guideline-concordant testosterone prescribing.
conclusions : our results highlight the opportunity to intervene at both the provider and the site levels to improve testosterone prescribing.
this study also provides a useful example of how to examine contributions to prescribing variation at different levels of the health care system.
context : a diminished muscle anabolic response to protein nutrition may underpin age-associated muscle loss.
objective : to determine how chronological and biological aging influence myofibrillar protein synthesis ( myops ) .
design : cross-sectional comparison.
setting : clinical research facility.
intervention : skeletal muscle biopsies obtained during a primed-continuous infusion of l- [ ring-13c6 ] -phenylalanine.
main outcome measures : anthropometrics , insulin resistance , inflammatory markers , habitual diet , physical activity , myops rates , and fiber-type characteristics.
paradoxically , lean mass was similar between groups , and muscle fiber area was greater in oo vs ol ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : age-related muscle anabolic resistance is exacerbated in obese inactive individuals , with no apparent detriment to muscle mass.
the emergence of drug-resistant fungi poses a major threat to human health.
socially disadvantaged children face increased morbidity and mortality as they age.
the analysis by levine et al.
( am j epidemiol.
looking to the future , advances in genome science are opening new opportunities for sociogenomic epidemiology.
environmental or social challenges can stimulate a cascade of coordinated physiological changes in stress response systems.
unfortunately , chronic activation of these adaptations under conditions such as low socioeconomic status ( ses ) can have negative consequences for long-term health.
while there is substantial evidence tying low ses to increased disease risk and reduced life expectancy , the underlying biology remains poorly understood.
hemodynamic shear stress is the frictional force of blood on the arterial wall.
the shear pattern in the conduit artery affects the endothelium and may participate in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
we investigated the role of the shear pattern in age- and aerobic exercise-induced changes in conduit artery wall thickness via cross-sectional and interventional studies.
in a cross-sectional study , we found that brachial shear rate patterns and brachial artery intima-media thickness ( imt ) correlated with age.
additionally , brachial artery shear rate patterns were associated with brachial artery imt in @number@ middle-aged and older individuals.
in an interventional study , @number@ middle-aged and older subjects were divided into @number@ groups : control and exercise.
the exercise group completed @number@ weeks of aerobic exercise training.
aerobic exercise training significantly increased the antegrade shear rate and decreased the retrograde shear rate and brachial artery imt.
moreover , changes in the brachial artery antegrade shear rate and the retrograde shear rate correlated with the change in brachial artery imt.
cerebral white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) are central mri markers of the brain aging process , but the mechanisms for its progression remain unclear.
@number@ consecutive individuals who were ≥50 years of age and who underwent initial / follow-up mri evaluations within an interval of 34-45 months were included.
cerebrovascular risk factors , medications , and blood-pressure parameters were also reviewed.
wmh progression rate was measured by subtracting wmh volume at baseline from that at the follow-up using volumetric analysis , divided by the mri intervals.
we concluded that serum cystatin c level is independently associated with the long-term progression rate of the cerebral wmh volume.
therefore , serum cystatin c level might predict the progression of cerebral wmh.
aim : diabetes is a serious global health problem.
a simple and effective screening tool should have substantial public health benefit.
we investigated the performance of the latest american diabetes association diabetes screening methods in our aging chinese population.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) had diabetes.
conclusion : the risk test appears to be a more effective screening tool in our population.
it is simple to use and can be adopted as a public health strategy for identifying people with undiagnosed diabetes for early intervention.
gait variability may serve as a sensitive and clinically relevant parameter to quantify adjustments in walking and the changes with aging and neurological disease.
twenty-eight older people ; @number@ with pd and @number@ neurologically healthy individuals ( control group ) , participated in the study.
participants were instructed to walk at their preferred speed until the end of the pathway and to avoid the obstacle when it was present.
the obstacle was positioned 4m from to the start position.
the step-to-step and walking variability of the spatial-temporal parameters ( acquiring with gaitrite® ) of the four steps before obstacle avoidance were analyzed.
manovas were used to compare the data.
pd group showed the characteristic gait deficits associated with pd.
the obstacle increased the spatial-temporal variability ( step-to-step and walking variability ) during the approach phase to the obstacle.
purpose : to investigate the association between sex hormone deficiency and soft drusen in women and men.
the subjects were divided into two groups-the soft drusen and control groups-based on the presence of soft drusen in the fundus photographs.
the total drusen area was measured using imagej™ software.
results : of total @number@ subjects , @number@ ( @number@ women ; @number@ men ) were included.
two hundred thirteen subjects ( @percent@ ) had soft drusen ( 97 / 271 women , 116 / 367 men ) .
a long post-menopausal period was a risk factor for large soft drusen ( ≥ @number@ μm ) .
( p < @number@ or = @number@ ) .
conclusions : sex hormone deficiency and its duration were significantly associated with the development and progression of soft drusen in women but not in men.
it may be necessary to assess and manage the sex hormone deficiency in women with age-related macular degeneration.
the aging population increases the demand of intensive care unit ( icu ) treatments.
however , the availability of icu beds is limited.
thus , icu admission of octogenarians is considered controversial.
the population above @number@ years is a very heterogeneous group though , and age alone might not be the best predictor.
admission diagnosis , apache ii and saps ii scores , use of icu resources , and mortality were recorded.
consumption of icu resources by octogenarians was lower in terms of length of stay , mechanical ventilation , and renal replacement therapy.
among octogenarians , icu survivors got less mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy than nonsurvivors.
still , they show a considerable life expectancy after icu admission even though they get less invasive care than younger patients.
correctional health research requires important safeguards to ensure that research participation is ethically conducted.
yet modified informed consent processes that assess participants ' comprehension of the risks and benefits of participation are not required by relevant federal guidelines.
a rapidly aging correctional population has led to an increasing number of patients with serious progressive and terminal illnesses in correctional settings.
\ "compassionate release \ " describes a range of policies offering early release or parole to incarcerated patients with serious or debilitating illnesses.
however , in many states that have compassionate release policies , few patients are actually granted release.
we describe several opportunities for physicians to take leadership on this issue.
methodology : patients admitted to icu for severe influenza between @date@ , and @date@ , were identified and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed.
the primary endpoints were outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality.
results : there were @number@ patients with an average acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ii ( apache ii ) score of @number@
hypertension ( @number@ % ) and diabetes mellitus ( @number@ % ) were the two most common underlying diseases.
two of the most common symptoms of patients at icu admission were fever ( @number@ % ) and cough ( @number@ % ) .
thirty-three patients ( @number@ % ) died ; most ( @number@ % ) were middle-aged ( 50-65 years old ) .
conclusion : the mortality rate of severe influenza patients admitted to the icu was high , especially in middle-aged adults.
the risk of mortality was associated with ≥2 organ failures.
a negative fluid balance predicts survival.
introduction : hypertension is highly prevalent among the elderly.
its awareness has a direct influence on control through drug adherence.
study was conducted in multiple waves from 2003 / 2004 to @number@
this report is based on the sample studied in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
blood pressure was measured with the use of digital monitors ( omron ms - @number@ basic model ) .
awareness of the diagnosis of hypertension was ascertained by self-reports.
we explored social , economic , demographic and clinical correlates of the presence of hypertension , its awareness and control using multiple logistic regression analyses.
results : the sample was composed of @number@ ( @percent@ ) females and @number@ ( @percent@ ) males.
the mean age of the participants was @number@ ± @number@ years.
other than female gender , residing in urban / semi urban areas and being overweight or obesity were associated with the occurrence of hypertension.
among those assessed to have hypertension , @percent@ were not previously aware of its presence.
only a minority of those who receive treatment for the condition have adequate blood pressure control.
somatotroph adenomas are rare in the aging population.
diagnosis of somatotroph adenomas is often long delayed and they are characterized by atypical clinical picture.
their diagnostic criteria are similar to those used for younger patients.
surgery , if possible , is the treatment of choice for acromegaly in the elderly.
somatostatin analogues have shown to be effective in these patients.
prognosis is inversely correlated with patient's age , duration of disease and last gh level under treatment.
beside evolution of disease , age is a major determinant of mortality.
we report three cases of elderly patients with acromegaly aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ years respectively with a literature review.
aging is linked to deficiencies in immune responses and increased systemic inflammation.
mixed-effects regressions were used to examine group differences on continuous t scores and categorical measures of impairment ( t score < 40 ) .
in some instances , vs women are worse than nvs women , reinforcing the need for novel adjunctive therapies to attenuate cognitive problems.
one of the first events in mvd is endothelial dysfunction.
with the use of different physiologic or pharmacologic stimuli , endothelium-dependent ( micro ) vascular reactivity can be studied.
this reactivity depends on the balance between various mediators , including nitric oxide , endothelin , and prostanoids , among others.
chimpanzees are the closest phylogenetic relatives to humans , sharing more than @percent@ genetic sequence identity.
these genetic similarities prompted the belief that chimpanzees can serve as an ideal model for human disease conditions and vaccine development.
surprisingly little information has been published regarding the normal chimpanzee immune system , and most extant studies have been based on small numbers of animals.
in the current study , we provide a better understanding of the chimpanzee immune system with regard to age and sex.
in addition , aging was associated with decreased proliferative responses to mitogens in both sexes.
sex-specific differences also were present in the percentage of nk cells but not in their cytotoxic activity and in circulating cytokine levels in plasma.
background : postpartum hepatitis c viral ( hcv ) load decline followed by spontaneous clearance has been previously described.
herein we identify predictors for viral decline in a cohort of hcv-infected postpartum women.
spontaneous clearance was defined as undetectable viremia twice at least 6-months apart.
associations between viral load and demographic , obstetrical , hcv risk factors , and interleukin-28b gene ( il28b ) polymorphism ( rs12979860 ) were assessed.
from pregnancy until @number@ months postpartum , il28b-cc allele women had a significant viral decline ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : il28b-cc genotype and 12-month postpartum undetectable viremia were the best predictors for viral decline and subsequent clearance.
these @number@ predictors should influence clinical decision making.
methods : risks of having an age-disparate relationship and number of sexual partners were compared using inverse probability of exposure weighted poisson regression models.
generalized estimating equations were used to account for repeated measures.
grade repetition was not associated with either behavior.
conclusion : young women who less frequently attend school or who drop out are more likely to have an age-disparate relationship.
young women who drop out have overall more partners.
these behaviors may increase the risk of exposure to hiv infection in young women out of school.
methods : this is a retrospective , cross-sectional study , using the dutch , nationwide athena observational hiv cohort database.
all patients with a known hiv / hcv coinfection on @date@ , were included.
comedication and cart registered in the database were listed.
the potential for ddis between daas and comedication / cart were predicted using @url@
results : we included @number@ patients of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) used nonantiretroviral comedication.
at risk for a category @date@ ddi with nonantiretroviral comedications were @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
concerning cart , daclatasvir / sofosbuvir is the most favorable combination as no cart is contraindicated with this combination.
in genotype @date@ patients , grazoprevir / elbasvir is least favorable as @percent@ of the patients must alter their cart.
conclusions : this study showed that comedication use in the aging hiv / hcv population is frequent and diverse.
there is a high potential for ddis between daas and comedication / cart.
horizontal cleavage tears ( hct ) commonly occur in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus due to aging and degeneration.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment of hcts and their effect on dynamic tibiofemoral contact mechanics.
the tibiofemoral contact mechanics of @number@ cadaver knees were investigated using a custom dynamic loading apparatus , pressure sensor , and motion sensing camera.
real-time peak contact pressures and contact areas were recorded throughout the full range of motion.
after testing the intact meniscal state , a horizontal cleavage tear was created and included @percent@ of the width of the meniscus.
statistical analysis was performed using a mixed linear effects model using the r-statistical package.
background : chemical peels are a mainstay of aesthetic medicine and an increasingly popular cosmetic procedure performed in men.
objective : to review the indications for chemical peels with an emphasis on performing this procedure in male patients.
chemical peels are commonly combined with other nonsurgical cosmetic procedures to optimize results.
conclusion : chemical peels are a cost-effective and reliable treatment for a variety of aesthetic and medical skin conditions.
still , body composition is rarely factored in routine hf care.
methods and results : the health , aging , and body composition study is a prospective cohort study of nondisabled adults.
prognostic implications are significant , with key sex-specific inferences on physical function , frailty , disability , and pharmacodynamics that all merit further investigation.
our previous study demonstrated that eupatilin specifically activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( pparα ) through direct binding.
the ppar subfamily includes ligand-dependent transcription factors that consist of three isotypes : pparα , pparβ / δ , and pparγ.
all isotypes are involved in inflammation , epidermal proliferation / differentiation and skin barrier function.
among them , pparα regulates lipid and glucose metabolism and skin homeostasis.
furthermore , we found that eupatilin subsequently suppressed iκbα phosphorylation , blocked nf-κb p65 nuclear translocation and down-regulated mapk / ap-1 signaling via pparα activation.
taken together , our data suggest that eupatilin inhibits tnfα-induced mmp-2 / -9 expression by suppressing nf-κb and mapk⁄ap-1 pathways via pparα.
our findings suggest the usefulness of eupatilin for preventing skin aging.
the comments made by older adults and their caregivers in focus groups provided the narrative for this paper.
the authors also discuss how to engage older adults in participatory research.
nursing research and practice both involve evaluating processes to gain a holistic understanding of patients through multiple means of data collection.
velzke in the paper that follows this introduction discusses why it is important and how to include older adults as participants in research.
while focused primarily on elders and their caregivers in scotland , the topic is a globally important one.
the purpose of this paper is to describe aspects of optimal aging from the perspective of the neuman systems model.
an overview of the model is presented followed by a discussion of usual stressors encountered as people age and their common responses to these stressors.
the focus of this report was graduate nursing students ' reflections on elder and end-of-life care for prisoners.
the personal reflections of @number@ graduate nursing students who attended a presentation by susan j. loeb on @date@ were included in this report.
the title of the presentation was \ "enhancing end-of-life care for prisoners through partnering with the prison community. \ "
design : longitudinal , cohort study of @number@ years.
setting : biracial urban us population sample.
participants : @number@ @percent@ aa and @percent@ ea.
measurements : apoe genotype and mortality based on national death index.
no difference in the association between apoe allele and mortality was observed between aas and eas.
there was no racial difference in the association between these alleles and mortality.
aging is a gradual biological process characterized by a decrease in cell and organism functions.
gingival wound healing is one of the impaired processes found in old rats.
we next evaluated cellular responses of primary gingival fibroblast obtained from young subjects in the presence human blood serum of individuals of different ages.
high levels of pdgf , vegf , il-6r were detected in blood serum from young subjects when compared to middle-aged and aged donors.
in addition , the pro-inflammatory cytokines mcp-1 and tnf were increased in the serum of aged donors.
in old rat wound there is an increased of staining for tnf compared to young wound.
moreover , healthy gingiva ( non injury ) shows less staining compared to a wound site , suggesting a role in wound healing.
moreover , we detected an increased frequency of γ-h2a.x-positive cells in aged rat gingival tissues.
background : glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) is used to diagnose type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) and assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
previous genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified @number@ hba1c-associated genetic variants.
throughout this multiancestry study , we kept a focus on interancestry differences in hba1c genetics performance that might influence race-ancestry differences in health outcomes.
nineteen glycemic and @number@ erythrocytic variants were associated with hba1c at genome-wide significance.
in europeans and asians , erythrocytic variants in aggregate had only modest effects on the diagnostic accuracy of hba1c.
limitations include the smaller sample sizes for non-european ancestries and the inability to classify approximately one-third of the variants.
lack of attention to missing data in research may result in biased results , loss of power and reduced generalizability.
to ensure that encoding of missing data is sufficient to understand the reason why data are missing , it should ideally be context-free.
broad implementation of context-free missing data encoding may enhance the possibilities of data sharing and pooling , thus allowing more powerful analyses using existing data.
background : helicobacter pylori ( hp ) infection and chronic atrophic gastritis ( cag ) have shown strong associations with the development of gastric cancer.
methods : serological measurements of hp antibodies and pepsinogen i and ii for cag definition were obtained by elisa kits.
whole blood dna methylation profiles were measured by illumina human methylation450k beadchip.
dna methylation ages were calculated by two algorithms proposed by horvath and hannum et al.
conclusions : our study indicates that both caga + hp infection and cag go along with accelerated epigenetic ageing.
in most animal species female germ cells are the source of mitochondrial genome for the whole body of individuals.
as a source of mitochondrial dna for future generations the mitochondria in the female germ line undergo dynamic quantitative and qualitative changes.
the quality of mitochondria determines the ability of meiotic divisions , fertilization ability , and activation after fertilization or sustaining development of a new embryo.
the presence of normal number of functional mitochondria is also crucial for proper implantation and pregnancy maintaining.
this article addresses issues of mitochondrial role and function in mammalian oocyte and presents new approaches in studies of mitochondrial function in female germ cells.
markers of target-organ damage and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure ( bp ) measurement improve cardiovascular risk stratification.
the prevalence of target-organ damage and raised bp increases with aging.
the study aim was to evaluate the impact of age and target-organ damage on the prognostic value of ambulatory bp.
the primary outcome was cardiovascular events after @number@ years of follow-up , with data obtained from national registries.
a total of @number@ events were observed.
health care disparities are inequities occurring during the provision of and in access to health care that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.
our results highlight the need to educate health care clinicians on the care of patients with developmental disabilities of all ages.
background : with potent antiretroviral drugs , hiv infection is becoming a chronic disease.
emergence of comorbidities , particularly cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) has become a leading concern for patients living with the infection.
we hypothesized that the chronic and persistent inflammation and immune activation associated with hiv disease leads to accelerated aging , characterized by cvd.
methods / design : the canadian hiv and aging cohort is a prospective , controlled cohort study funded by the canadian institutes of health research.
it will recruit patients living with hiv who are aged @number@ years or older or have lived with hiv for @number@ years or more.
a control population , frequency matched for age , sex , and smoking status , will be recruited from the general population.
patients will attend study visits at baseline , year @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
consenting participants will also contribute blood samples to a research biobank.
discussion : the canadian hiv and aging cohort will provide insights on pathophysiological pathways leading to premature cvd for patients living with hiv.
nutrients were log transformed and calorie adjusted.
survival analysis was used to assess associations between incident advanced disease and vitamin d intake.
neovascular disease ( nv ) and geographic atrophy ( ga ) were evaluated separately.
combined effects of dietary vitamin d and calcium were assessed based on high or low consumption of each nutrient.
when supplement use was considered , the effect was in the protective direction but was not significant.
conclusions : a diet rich in vitamin d may prevent or delay progression to advanced amd , especially nv.
additional exploration is needed to elucidate the potential protective role of vitamin d and its contribution to reducing visual loss.
structural equation modeling was applied to dissect the observed phenotypic variance into its genetic and environmental components.
to estimate the heritability of crp as well as its genetic and environmental correlations across different time points , a trivariate model was used.
however , between-visit genetic correlations are significantly lower than @number@ indicating emergence of new genetic effects on crp levels with age.
objective : autosomal recessive primary microcephaly ( mcph ) is a rare condition characterized by a reduced cerebral cortex accompanied with intellectual disability.
mutations in @number@ genes have been shown to cause this phenotype.
recently , mutations in cit , encoding crik ( citron rho-interacting kinase ) -a component of the central spindle matrix-were added.
we aimed at identifying novel mcph-associated genes and exploring their functional role in pathogenesis.
methods : linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed in consanguineous and nonconsanguineous mcph families to identify disease-causing variants.
functional consequences were investigated by rna studies and on the cellular level using immunofluorescence and microscopy.
three of the @number@ identified mutations impaired splicing , and @number@ resulted in a truncated protein.
intriguingly , kif14 knockout mice also showed primary microcephaly.
human kinesin-like protein kif14 , a microtubule motor protein , localizes at the midbody to finalize cytokinesis by interacting with crik.
we found impaired localization of both kif14 and crik at the midbody in patient-derived fibroblasts.
furthermore , we observed a large number of binucleated and apoptotic cells-signs of failed cytokinesis that we also observed in experimentally kif14-depleted cells.
ann neurol @number@ ; 82 : 562-577.
objective : to estimate associations of progestin-only contraceptives with persistent pelvic girdle pain @number@ months after delivery.
methods : prospective population based cohort study during the years 2003-2011.
we included @number@ women enrolled in the norwegian mother and child cohort study who reported pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy week @number@
data were obtained by @number@ self-administered questionnaires and the exposure was obtained by linkage to the prescription database of norway.
the outcome was pelvic girdle pain @number@ months after delivery.
early timing of progestin-only contraceptive dispense following delivery ( ≤3 months ) was not significantly associated with persistent pelvic girdle pain.
conclusions : our findings suggest a small beneficial effect of progestin intrauterine devices and progestin-only oral contraceptives on recovery from pelvic girdle pain.
we cannot completely rule out an opposing adverse effect of exposure to progestin injections and / or progestin implants.
however , the modest increased odds of persistent pelvic girdle pain among these users could be a result of unmeasured confounding.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the association of sedentary behaviour patterns with frailty in older people.
setting : clinical setting.
design : cross-sectional , observational study.
frailty was assessed using the frailty trait scale ( fts ) .
regression analysis was used to ascertain the associations between sedentary behaviour patterns and frailty.
conversely , the time spent in breaks in sedentary time was negatively associated with frailty.
conclusion : in summary , breaking up sedentary time and time spent in sedentary behaviour are associated with frailty in older people.
design : retrospective longitudinal study.
setting : olmsted county , mn.
the year after assessment , among persons with prevalent dementia and any nh use , > 50% were a nh resident all days of observation.
pairwise comparisons revealed that each increase in cognitive impairment category exhibited significantly higher proportions with any nh use.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : physicians ' health study participants.
participants : @number@ male physicians ≥70 years without a history of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
measurements : multivariable propensity score for statin use with greedy matching ( 1 : 1 ) to minimize confounding by indication.
results : median baseline age was @number@ ( 70-102 ) , median follow-up was @number@ years.
non-users were matched to @number@ statin users.
in subgroup analyses , results did not change according to age group at baseline ( 70-76 or > 76 years ) or functional status.
results did not change in those who were > 76 years at baseline or according to functional status.
there was a suggestion that those with elevated total cholesterol may benefit.
further work is needed to determine which older individuals will benefit from statins as primary prevention.
common variant genome-wide association studies ( gwass ) have , to date , identified > 24 risk loci for parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
in a dialogue task , young and older adults described transitive verb target pictures after hearing active or passive sentences.
these effects were statistically equivalent in young and older adults , suggesting that the syntactic representations underlying sentence production are unaffected by normal aging.
( psycinfo database record the presence of noise and interfering information can pose major difficulties during speech perception , particularly for older adults.
analogously , interference from similar representations during retrieval is a major cause of age-related memory failures.
in contrast , older adults showed a relative increase in accuracy for competitors relative to young adults.
we discuss these findings within the framework of inhibitory control theory in cognitive aging and its implications for age-related changes in speech perception.
in this eye-tracking study , we tested age differences in visual attention and emotional reactivity , using standardized emotionally negative stimuli.
additionally , we investigated age differences in the association between visual attention and emotional reactivity , and whether these are moderated by cognitive reappraisal.
older as compared with younger adults showed fixation patterns away from negative image content , while they reacted with greater negative emotions.
the association between visual attention and emotional reactivity differed by age group and positive reappraisal.
for older adults , overall , there was no significant association between visual attention and emotional reactivity.
however , for older adults who did not use positive reappraisal , decreases in attention to negative information were associated with less negative emotions.
the present findings point to a complex relationship between younger and older adults ' visual attention and emotional reactions.
( psycinfo database record negative age-related stereotypes often entail the perception that older adults have a lower social status than middle-aged adults.
we hypothesized that older adults are perceived to have lower social status because they are less likely to be seen in prestigious occupational positions.
people tend to infer general assumptions about group characteristics from exemplars.
we discuss implications for future interventions to change negative age-related stereotypes.
we investigated associations of childhood sep and total psychosocial adversity , with composite measures of cognitive and physical capability at mean age @number@ years.
there was a clear trend for increasing magnitudes of association with lowering childhood sep.
there was also evidence that greater total psychosocial adversity in childhood was associated with lower physical capability.
total psychosocial adversity in childhood was not associated with cognitive capability.
lower sep in childhood is detrimental to cognitive and physical capability in midlife , at least in part , independently of subsequent sep in adulthood.
greater psychosocial adversity in childhood is associated with poorer physical capability , independently of social disadvantage in childhood.
our findings highlight the need for interventions to both identify and support children experiencing socioeconomic or psychosocial of adversity as early as possible.
( psycinfo database record it is well documented that well-being typically evinces precipitous decrements at the end of life.
our findings showed that lower levels and steeper declines of life satisfaction each uniquely predicted higher mortality risks.
perceived control was associated with lower mortality hazards ; however , this effect was diminished for those who experienced accelerated life satisfaction decline.
results : @number@ studies were found , and @number@ remained after screening.
twenty-one patients ( male = @number@ female = @number@ ) with sicads were included.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity.
all patients presented with abdominal pain , more often located in the epigastrium ( n = @number@ ) .
almost all patients underwent ct to confirm the diagnosis.
a conservative treatment was adopted in @number@ patients while an invasive approach was adopted in @number@ patients ( endovascular approach in @number@ ) .
discussion : sicads represent a rare but important cause of vascular dissection in the young.
uncomplicated cases can be safely treated with conservative strategies.
the surgical or endovascular repair is indicated when dissections complicate or symptoms persist despite an adequate conservative treatment.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans ( cspgs ) are the main active component of perineuronal nets ( pnns ) .
it also partly blocks binding of semaphorin 3a to pnns and attenuates pnn formation.
we asked whether injection of cat316 into the perirhinal cortex would have the same effects on memory as chondroitinase abc treatment.
we then tested cat316 for restoration of memory in a neurodegeneration model.
mice expressing tau with the p301s mutation showed profound loss of object recognition memory at @number@ months of age.
injection of cat316 into the perirhinal cortex normalized object recognition at @number@ hours in p301s mice.
these data indicate that cat316 binding to c4s in the extracellular matrix can restore plasticity and memory in the same way as chondroitinase abc digestion.
our results suggest that antibodies to c4s could be a useful therapeutic to restore memory function in neurodegenerative disorders.
the present work provides evidence that within a group of persons with ms , there are gait differences that are influenced by falls history.
these identified biomechanical differences could be used to evaluate dynamic balance in persons with ms and to help improve fall prevention strategies.
single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the tmem106b gene have been identified as a risk factor in frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) .
the major allele of snp rs3173615 is a risk factor in sporadic ftd , whereas the minor allele seems protective in grn- and c9orf72-mediated ftd.
the role of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) in ftd is uncertain , though an established risk factor in alzheimer's disease.
in a unique danish family , inherited ftd is caused by a mutation in the chmp2b gene located on chromosome @number@ ( ftd-3 ) .
these results indicate apoe ε2 as a risk factor in ftd-3 and suggest a protective role of ε4.
age was correlated to greater volumes of aβ plaques and vessels.
amyloid and tau pathology in aged chimpanzees suggests these ad lesions are not specific to the human brain.
aging is a global decline of physiological functions , leading to an increased susceptibility to diseases and ultimately death.
maximum lifespans differ up to 200-fold between mammalian species.
recent cross-species studies have begun to identify pathways responsible for interspecies differences in lifespan.
their utility as predictors of geriatric trauma outcomes is unknown.
our primary objective was to determine whether pre-admission cfs is associated with adverse discharge destination.
secondary objectives were to evaluate the relationships between cfs and in-hospital complications and between admission fi-lab and discharge destination.
admission fi-lab was calculated using @number@ variables collected within @number@ hours of presentation.
the secondary outcome was in-hospital complications.
multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between cfs or fi-lab and outcomes.
results : there were @number@ patients included.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and median injury severity score was @number@ ( interquartile range @number@ to @number@ ) .
there were @number@ patients and @number@ patients who had sufficient data to determine cfs and fi-lab scores , respectively.
severe frailty on admission , as determined by the fi-lab ( fi-lab > @number@ ) , was not associated with adverse outcomes.
conclusions : pre-admission clinical frailty independently predicts adverse discharge destination in geriatric trauma patients.
the cfs may be used to triage resources to mitigate adverse outcomes in this population.
the fi-lab determined on admission for trauma may not be useful.
michael n. hall is this year's recipient of the lasker basic medical research award for the identification of the target of rapamycin , tor.
background : ageing is defined as the time-dependent decline of functional capacity and stress resistance resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.
hypothesis / purpose : reportedly , these effects can be delayed by mild genetic or pharmacological activation of the main modules of the proteostasis network.
conclusion : our presented findings highlight the potential anti-ageing activity of naturals products derived from the fruits of p. orientalis.
here we have determined the structures of human mad2l2 in complex with a camp fragment in two crystal forms.
the overall structure of the mad2l2-camp complex in both crystal forms was essentially similar to that of the mad2l2-rev3 complex.
however , the residue interactions between mad2l2 and camp were strikingly different from those in the mad2l2-rev3 complex.
furthermore , structure-based interaction analyses revealed an unprecedented mechanism involving camp's wk motif.
choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) characterizes the progression of exudative age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) with the deterioration in the central vision.
vascular inflammation , and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines , growth factors and aberrant endothelial cell migration , initiate defective blood vessel proliferation in exudative amd.
cnv formation is initiated by the interplay between inflammation , the hallmark of exudative amd , and the activation of wnt / β-catenin pathway.
upregulation of wnt / β-catenin pathway involves activation of pi3k / akt pathway and then the warburg effect to produce lactate.
lactate production generates vegf expression and then participates to the initiation of cnv in exudative amd.
wnt / β-catenin pathway and pparγ act in an opposite manner in several diseases.
we focus this review on the interplay between pparγ and canonical wnt / β-catenin pathway and the anti-inflammatory role of pparγ in exudative amd.
in exudative amd , pparγ agonists downregulate inflammation and the wnt / β-catenin pathway.
pparγ agonists can appear as promising treatment against the initiation and the progression of cnv in exudative amd.
resveratrol ( res ) is a natural antioxidant that protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in various cells.
this study aimed to investigate the protective role of res against mitochondrial dysfunction and human nucleus pulposus cell ( npc ) apoptosis.
we recruited @number@ healthy volunteers , aged 18-85 years.
structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on a @number@.7t system.
hippocampal subfields and subregions were manually segmented using reliable volumetric protocols.
the total subiculum and the total dentate gyrus volumes were associated with age , while the total cornu ammonis 1-3 was not.
subiculum volumes were more negatively related to age in men than in women.
it is expressed on all cell types.
immunoblots of affinity-purified daf from erythrocytes of patients with diabetes showed pentosidine , glyoxal-ages , carboxymethyllysine , and argpyrimidine.
the severity of bone loss ranges from osteopenia to frank osteoporosis.
this article reviews the pathophysiology of bone thinning in premenopausal and postmenopausal women , the impact of exercise , and the treatment options presently available.
background : it has been suggested that the plasticizer di ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( dehp ) exerts obesogenic effects after pre- or perinatal exposure.
methods : the applied methodology was pre-specified in a rigorous protocol.
risk of bias and the quality of evidence was assessed using established methodologies.
results : overall , @number@ studies could be included and meta-analyses could be performed for body weight and fat weight.
there was substantial heterogeneity across studies and the information was insufficient to assess the risk of bias for most studies.
no meta-analyses could be conducted for other outcome measures , because too few studies were available.
conclusions : the results of this systematic review indicate that early life exposure to dehp is potentially associated with increased adiposity in rodents.
more data is needed to strengthen the evidence base.
individuals with dupuytren disease ( dd ) are commonly seen by physicians and surgeons across multiple specialties.
dd affects between @percent@ and @percent@ of people of european descent and is the most common inherited disease of connective tissue.
the objective of apples was to compare comorbidities and risk factors in hiv-positive older gbm with an appropriate control group of hiv-negative gbm.
we undertook a prospectively recruited cross-sectional sample of hiv-positive and hiv-negative gbm ≥ @number@ years.
detailed data collection included clinic data , a health and lifestyle survey , and blood sample collection.
we report key demographic , laboratory markers and self-reported comorbidities by hiv status.
for selected comorbidities we also adjust hiv status a priori for age , smoking and body mass index.
over @number@ months @number@ hiv-positive and @number@ hiv-negative men were recruited.
median age was @number@ years ( iqr : 59-67 ) .
in conclusion , hiv-positive gbm have significantly increased odds for key self-reported comorbidities.
in this study , we investigated whether and why age affects the diagnostic efficiency of hba1c for diabetes in a community-based chinese population.
methods : in total , @number@ participants without previously known diabetes were enrolled in this study.
participants were stratified by age.
the area under the roc curve in each one-year age group was defined as aucage.
pearson correlation analysis showed that the aucage of hba1c was negatively correlated with age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
hba1c is unsuitable for diagnosing diabetes in elderly individuals because of their physiologically decreased rbc count.
colonic cmv in inflamed mucosa was detected using quantitative real-time pcr.
the clinical course was evaluated , including need for drug therapy / surgery or drug therapy intensification.
in addition , we evaluated the clinical course between cmv-dna- cases and cmv-dna + cases with low viral load.
no significant difference was observed in the clinical course between cmv-dna- cases and cmv-dna + cases with low viral loads.
conclusions : aging , endoscopic uc activity , and corticosteroid dose predispose to colonic cmv infection , as determined by mucosal pcr , in uc.
uc treatment without anti-cmv therapy may be warranted , particularly in patients with low-load cmv-dna.
anti-cmv therapy alone does not always achieve clinical response in uc even in cases with high-load pcr.
background : multiple methods are employed for modeling adaptation when projecting the impact of climate change on heat-related mortality.
the sensitivity of impacts to each is unknown because they have never been systematically compared.
we recommend absolute threshold shifts and reductions in slope. @url@
background : endothelial cell damage and glycocalyx shedding after trauma can increase the risk of inflammation , coagulopathy , vascular permeability , and death.
bedside sublingual video-microscopy may detect worse flow and perfusion associated with this endotheliopathy.
we compared markers of endotheliopathy with physical flow dynamics after traumatic hemorrhagic shock.
elisas were performed to measure concentrations of thrombomodulin and syndecan-1 as biomarkers of endothelial cell damage and glycocalyx shedding respectively.
results : a total of @number@ sublingual video-microscopy clips corresponding to @number@ time points from @number@ trauma patients were analyzed.
median age was @number@ ( iqr 25-52 ) ; 16 / 17 were men.
conclusions : endothelial cell damage and glycocalyx shedding are associated with worse flow , density , and heterogeneity within microvessels after traumatic hemorrhagic shock.
the clinical utility of these biomarkers and flow parameters at the bedside are yet to be elucidated.
level of evidence : prognostic study , level iii.
idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy ( rcmp ) has not been fully understood because this disease is difficult to diagnose.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) received a heart transplant.
the 5-year survival rate of the overall patients was @percent@ ± @percent@.
advanced tr and lower lvedd are independent adverse predictors of mortality in patients with idiopathic rcmp.
background : falls are a major public health concern among older adults , and most occur while walking , especially under dualtask conditions.
jaques-dalcroze eurhythmics ( jde ) is a music-based movement training program that emphasizes multitask coordinated movement.
methods : nine participants ( @number@ ± @number@ y ) completed the supervised jde intervention ( once / week for @number@ min ) .
this common practice has not been validated to the best of our knowledge.
we propose a bayesian multiple imputation ( mi ) method to impute the unobserved 400-m gait speed for noncompleters.
briefly , mi is performed under the assumption that the unobserved 400-m gait speed of noncompleters is left-censored from a normal distribution.
we illustrate the application of the bayesian mi method using longitudinal data collected from the lifestyle interventions for elders ( life ) study.
a simulation study was performed to assess the bias in estimation of the mean 400-m gait speed using both methods.
design : cross-sectional , experimental study.
setting : outpatient clinic.
participants : individuals aged @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
individuals aged @number@ to @number@ participated as controls.
ms was quantified using a hand dynamometer.
participants responded to a questionnaire asking about demographic and physical characteristics , frailty criteria , and quality of life.
a similar trend was found for mt but not sft.
conclusions : higher levels of ei were associated with lower levels of strength and greater frailty.
balance assessment forms an important component of fall-prevention programs for older adults.
the objective of this study was to evaluate the validity , acceptability , and reliability of using a vrhmd to assess balance in older adults.
materials and methods : validity was assessed by comparing measurements from the vrhmd to measurements of postural sway from a force plate.
acceptability was assessed through the use of the simulator sickness questionnaire pre- and postexposure to assess possible side effects of the visual-vestibular conflict.
reliability was assessed by measuring correlations between repeated measurements @number@ week apart.
no significant differences were found between pre / postassessment for oculomotor score or total simulator sickness questionnaire score.
both the force plate and the head-mounted display balance-assessment system were able to detect differences between conditions meant to mask visual and proprioceptive information.
objective : spontaneous cervical artery dissection ( cad ) is a cerebrovascular disease typically considered to affect the young population.
literature reports cases in the elderly only as incidental findings , making the diagnosis unlikely in older patients.
incidence and pathogeny in this specific population remain to be assessed.
results : during this period , only two patients aged over @number@ years were diagnosed with internal carotid artery dissection in our center.
the first patient was diagnosed with the typical radiological feature of long tapered stenosis due to mural hematoma.
the second patient presented with the classic painful horner syndrome.
literature review identified only two case reports and eight studies with an age range above @number@ years.
headache was present in nearly all documented cases.
radiological features were the same as those usually described in younger patients.
cad is probably underdiagnosed in this population due to a higher prevalence of more common causes of stroke at this age.
repeated cell divisions induce dna damage accumulation , which impairs stem cell function during aging.
however , the general molecular mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear.
we observed that hscs express high levels of pot1a during development , and this expression declines with aging.
knockdown of pot1a induced an age-related phenotype , characterized by increased telomeric ddr and reduced long-term reconstitution activity.
in contrast , treatment with exogenous pot1a protein prevented telomeric ddr , which decreased stem cell activity and partially rejuvenated hsc activity.
these results highlight a general , reversible mechanism by which aging compromises mammalian stem cell activity , with widespread implications for regenerative medicine.
in non-hodgkin lymphoma , the common malignancies affecting aya include diffuse large b-cell lymphoma , burkitt lymphoma , and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
considering other aspects , tumor biology may explain the different outcomes.
in japan , there are no detailed data regarding the incidence , biology , treatment , prognosis , and long-term outcomes of ml in aya.
cognitive function is an important component of aging and predicts quality of life , functional independence , and risk of institutionalization.
advances in our understanding of the role of cardiovascular risks have shown them to be closely associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.
because many cardiovascular risks are modifiable , it may be possible to maintain brain health and to prevent dementia in later life.
we identify metrics to define optimal brain health in adults based on inclusion of factors that could be measured , monitored , and modified.
however , the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear.
we also found that advanced age is associated with reduced within-network functional connectivity , particularly within the default mode network.
most studies to date have examined age differences in functional connectivity via static indices that are computed over the entire blood-oxygen-level dependent time series.
little is known about the effects of age on short-term temporal dynamics of functional connectivity.
a sliding-window k-means clustering approach was used to assess dynamic connectivity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
three out of @number@ dynamic connectivity profiles were associated with age.
furthermore , metabolic risk was associated with the relative amount of time allocated to @number@ of these profiles.
thus , dynamic connectivity analyses can enrich understanding of age-related differences beyond what is revealed by static analyses.
the hypometabolism patterns in several areas of the brain were significantly correlated with the clinical manifestations.
these areas included the paralimbic regions for typical presentations of sporadic eoad.
however , the age-related alterations of the topological organization of the brain connectome in amci patients remained largely unknown.
the different age-related alteration patterns of the global and regional network metrics between amci patients and healthy controls were assessed by a linear regression model.
compared with healthy controls , significantly decreased global and local network efficiency in amci patients were found.
in addition , age-related decreases in the connection strength of the edges between peripheral nodes were observed in amci patients.
moreover , the decreased regional efficiency of the parahippocampal gyrus was correlated with impaired memory performances in patients.
adp-ribosylation factor @number@ ( arf6 ) is a small gtpase necessary for regulating cellular structure , motility , and vesicle trafficking.
in several cellular systems , arf6 was shown to regulate actin dynamics in coordination with rac1 , a rho small gtpase.
we examined the function of arf6 in the kidney podocyte because rac1 was implicated in kidney diseases involving this cell.
arf6 was necessary for nephrin activation-induced ruffling and focal adhesion turnover , possibly by altering rac1 activity.
in podocyte-specific arf6 ( arf6 podko ) knockout mice , arf6 deficiency did not result in a spontaneous kidney developmental phenotype or proteinuria after aging.
however , arf6 podko mice exhibited distinct phenotypes in two in vivo glomerular injury models.
in the protamine sulfate perfusion model , which induced acute podocyte effacement , arf6 podko mice were protected from podocyte effacement.
in the nephrotoxic serum nephritis model , which induced immune-complex mediated injury , arf6 podko mice exhibited aggravated proteinuria.
this is the first report of a physiological mechanism of et3 induction.
it involves : ( @number@ ) scf-expressing cells communicate with neighboring kit-expressing cells directly or indirectly ( cleaved soluble scf ) .
( @number@ ) scf-kit signaling induces timely local et3 synthesis and secretion.
( @number@ ) et3 binds to etbr on both sides of intercellular space.
( @number@ ) activation increases cytosolic ca2 + , activates cell-specific enos or nnos.
( @number@ ) temporally- and spatially-precise no generation.
no diffuses into neighboring cells , thus acts in both scf- and kit-expressing cells.
( @number@ ) no modulates diverse cell-specific functions by no / cgmp pathway , controlling transcriptional factors , or other mechanisms.
the kit-et3-no pathway most likely also play critical roles in other cell functions that involve dual requirement of scf-kit signaling and no.
on @date@ , a comprehensive smoking ban was implemented in taiwan.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this ban on hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease ( ihd ) .
the admission rates significantly fell for both men and women and for all examined age categories after both first and second phases of the ban.
the present findings provide evidence of a significant reduction in hospital admissions for ihd in taiwan following smoking bans.
existing parametric models for estimating dynamic variance components suffer from various drawbacks such as limitation of predefined functions.
we present acet , an r package for fast estimating dynamic variance components and heritability that may change with respect to age or other moderators.
we evaluated the type i error rate and statistical power of the proposed hypothesis testing procedures under various scenarios using simulated datasets.
potential numerical issues and computational cost were also assessed through simulations.
we applied the acet package to a finnish twin cohort to investigate age-specific heritability of body mass index and height.
our results show that the age-specific variance components of these two traits exhibited substantially different patterns despite of comparable estimates of heritability.
in summary , the acet r package offers a useful tool for the exploration of age-dependent heritability and model comparison in twin studies.
objective : to investigate olfaction in relation to incident parkinson disease ( pd ) in us white and black older adults.
we evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the brief smell identification test ( bsit ) in 1999-2000.
we retrospectively adjudicated pd cases identified through @date@ , using multiple data sources.
we used multivariable cox models to estimate hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
overall , poor sense of smell , as indicated by a lower bsit score , was associated with higher risk of pd.
antibodies were determined with reported techniques.
the median age of these @number@ patients was @number@ years ( range 60-88 years ) .
up to @percent@ of the patients developed rapidly progressive cognitive deterioration , which further complicated the differential diagnosis with a neurodegenerative disorder.
senescent cell accumulation in aging tissues is linked to age-associated diseases and declining function , prompting efforts to eliminate them.
importantly , the differential presence of dpp4 allowed flow cytometry-mediated isolation of senescent cells using anti-dpp4 antibodies.
in sum , the selective expression of dpp4 on the surface of senescent cells enables their preferential elimination.
however , the prespecified subgroup analysis suggested a possible age-dependent association between icd implantation and mortality with survival benefit seen only in the youngest patients.
the nature of this relationship between age and outcome of a primary prevention icd in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure warrants further investigation.
methods : all @number@ patients from the danish study were included in this prespecified subgroup analysis.
we assessed the relationship between icd implantation and mortality by age , and an optimal age cutoff was estimated nonparametrically with selection impact curves.
in this study population , an age cutoff for icd implantation at ≤70 years yielded the highest survival for the population as a whole.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct00542945.
importance : photoaging , which is premature skin aging caused by long-term uv exposure , is of aesthetic concern to many patients.
objective : to investigate the effect of topical fluorouracil , @percent@ , cream on photoaging using validated photonumeric scales.
photographs were taken at baseline and at numerous time points for up to @number@ years.
in our secondary analysis , @number@ independent dermatologists graded these photographs using @number@ validated photonumeric scales.
data analysis was performed from @date@ , to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : effect of a standard course of fluorouracil on the extent of photodamage as measured using @number@ photonumeric scales.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00847912.
objective : subjective well-being was evaluated three weeks after super typhoon haiyan struck the philippines.
targeting factors involved in er-related protein processing and trafficking may , therefore , be a key to modulating αsyn levels and associated toxicity.
here , we hypothesized that rer1 might also play an important role in retention / retrieval of αsyn and mediate levels.
we expressed rer1 and a c-terminal mutant rer1δ25 , which lacks the er retention / retrieval function , in hek293 and h4 neuroglioma cells.
tests with proteasomal and macroautophagy inhibitors further demonstrate that rer1 effects on αsyn are primarily mediated through the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
rer1 also appears to interact with the ubiquitin ligase nedd4.
rer1 in human diseased brain tissues co-localizes with αsyn-positive lewy bodies.
together , these findings provide evidence that rer1 is a novel and potential important mediator of elevated αsyn levels.
further investigation of the mechanism of rer1 and downstream effectors on αsyn may yield novel therapeutic targets for modulation in parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies.
this , however , brings new challenges that need to be addressed at the primary health care level.
supplement use was almost twice as prevalent in the id group but substantially less diverse with only @number@ types of supplements reported.
morbidity was higher in the id group and showed a higher prevalence of neurological and mental health disorders.
dna aneuploidy and mean nuclear genomic aberrations were associated with patients ' age.
in particular , dna aneuploidy strongly associated with age in non-smoker opmds / osccs patients.
osccs from smokers showed a lower prevalence of dna aneuploidy compared to osccs from non-smokers.
a higher occurrence of dna aneuploidy ( particularly in smokers ' opmds ) was observed in patients characterized by involvement of a single oral subsite.
introduction : medical and public health societies advocate that healthcare providers ( hcps ) counsel at-risk patients to reduce firearm injury risk.
anonymous online media comments often contain extreme viewpoints and may therefore help in understanding challenges of firearm safety counseling.
to help inform injury prevention efforts , we sought to examine commenters ' stated opinions regarding firearm safety counseling hcps.
two major categories and multiple themes emerged.
providing education , counseling , or materials without asking about firearm ownership was encouraged.
engaging firearm advocates when developing materials may enhance the acceptability of prevention activities.
mammalian reproductive performance declines rapidly with advanced maternal age.
this effect is largely attributed to the exponential increase in chromosome segregation errors in the oocyte with age.
this problem is rooted in a blunted hormonal responsiveness of the ageing uterus.
importantly , a young uterine environment can restore normal placental as well as embryonic development.
at the same time , they must respond rapidly to acute needs such as infection or injury.
importance : trends in dementia incidence rates have important implications for planning and prevention.
to better understand incidence trends over time requires separation of age and cohort effects , and few prior studies have used this approach.
exposures : birth year and age.
dementia incidence decreased in successive birth cohorts.
change point analyses identified a significant decrease in dementia incidence among those born after @date@ ( @percent@ ci , @date@ to @date@ ) .
the relative rate for birth cohorts before @date@ vs after was @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction decreased across successive birth cohorts , whereas diabetes prevalence increased.
adjustment for these cardiovascular comorbidities did not explain the decreased dementia incidence rates for more recent birth cohorts.
conclusions and relevance : analyses confirm decreasing dementia incidence in this population-based sample.
whether decreasing incidence will contribute to reduced burden of dementia given the aging of the population is not known.
a number of open questions in human evolutionary genetics would become tractable if we were able to directly measure evolutionary fitness.
the approach consists in testing whether the frequency of an allele varies across ages , accounting for variation in ancestry.
these results suggest that when large , even late-onset effects are kept at low frequency by purifying selection.
testing viability effects of sets of genetic variants that jointly influence @number@ of @number@ traits , we detected a number of strong signals.
similarly , variants associated with later age at first birth are associated with a longer maternal life span ( p~1.4 × 10-3 ) .
these signals exhibit consistent effects in the gera cohort and among participants of the uk biobank of non-british ancestry.
participants included @number@ persons with chronic localization-related epilepsy and @number@ controls , aged @number@ and @number@ respectively.
aging persons with chronic epilepsy exhibit multiple abnormalities in metabolic , inflammatory , and vascular health that are associated with poorer cognitive function.
purpose : to analyze the renal function outcomes in patients undergoing radiation therapy for neuroblastoma.
methods and materials : the clinical metrics of renal function were analyzed in patients undergoing radiation therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma from @number@ to @number@
the creatinine clearance was estimated using the shull method.
results : with a median follow-up period of @number@ years , none of the @number@ patients studied developed a chronic renal insufficiency.
for all patients , the creatinine level increased from @number@ to @number@ mg / dl and the bun increased from @time@ @time@ mg / dl.
three patients required antihypertensive medication.
a longer follow-up length was associated with an increased creatinine level.
the creatinine clearance did not decrease in any circumstance.
conclusions : the present cohort had excellent renal outcomes after radiation therapy for neuroblastoma.
we calculated the median age of donors and the general population and determined the percentage of each group in age and sex cohorts.
results : age criteria vary , with upper limits recently liberalized in several countries.
in @number@ the percentage of first-time donors ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
the youngest donor cohort is overrepresented to a variable degree ; this tendency increased over time.
although still underrepresented , older donors contributed more in @number@
a large middle-aged cohort is aging at a rate exceeding the progression of time , while 25- to 45-year-olds are relatively underrepresented.
conclusions : all participating countries are experiencing aging of their general population.
donor demographics differ substantially between countries ; this can be only partly explained by population demographics and age criteria.
many countries have an aging middle-aged donor and population cohort and are increasingly relying on their youngest donors to contribute disproportionately to the blood supply.
aging is the main risk factor for many chronic degenerative diseases and cancer.
increased senescent cell burden in various tissues is a major contributor to aging and age-related diseases.
in the prostate , aim : pancreaticoduodenectomy ( pd ) is still the only curative treatment for periampullary cancer.
confirming the outcomes of pd in elderly patients is important as the aging population continues to grow.
independent prognostic factors of group c in the multivariate analysis were pancreatic cancer and reoperation.
conclusion : for elderly patients aged @number@ years or over , caution should be exercised in selecting pd for patients with pancreatic cancer.
objective : low back pain ( lbp ) is little explored in the aging population especially when considering age-relevant and culturally dependent outcomes.
we aimed to describe socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of brazilian older people with a new episode of lbp presenting to primary care.
results : participants presented severe lbp ( @number@.18 / 10 , sd : @number@ ) .
those less educated , and those with income equal or less than two minimum wages had more disability , pain catastrophizing and worse functional capacity.
importantly , multitep platform enables development of vaccines targeting pathological molecules involved in various neurodegenerative disorders.
objective : olive oil is the main fat source in the mediterranean diet and shows a protective role against aging and related diseases.
osteoporosis represents a serious health problem worldwide and is associated with an increased risk for fractures and mortality.
nutrition should be part of bone disease prevention strategies , especially in light of the aging population and the effect of diet on bone health.
methods : the research group consisted of @number@ male professional field hockey players.
computed tomography scans were collected to define the radiological density of the vertebral bodies and to calculate young's modulus.
an electrogoniometer was used to measure the range of movement.
geometric parameters , such as lumbar lordosis angle , index of lumbar lordosis , whitmann-ferguson angle and anterior pelvic tilt , were also measured.
results : the values describing lumbar lordosis increased linearly with years of training and were significantly greater than those reported in the literature.
field hockey players displayed a larger range of flexion , side bending and rotation to the right.
an analysis of radiological density discovered significantly high values.
an analysis of young's modulus showed that the vertebral bodies become more fragile.
conclusions : the results show that overuse changes in the lumbar spine of field hockey players are severe and highly correlated with years of training.
purpose : the present study aims to explore relationships between footedness and posturographic assessment in children aged from @number@ to @number@
a real-time computerised device was used on a force plate for movement analysis.
it requires a static posturography to assess postural control of children with the same handedness and footedness.
all these tests were executed to explore the body capability of the right / left side.
results : the study demonstrated significant differences involving the right / left side among the three age groups.
better performance on the youngest children's right part and on the oldest children's left part was observed.
differences between the left and right sides of the body were noticeably revealed by posturographic assessments in right-handed and right-footed children.
conclusions : age seemed to be a determinant for these outcomes.
maturation of the vestibular at the ages of @number@ or @number@ years might explain the observed differences between the youngest children and olderchildren.
basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) , the most common human cancer , results from aberrant activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway.
high-throughput sequencing in the four remaining families identified germline mutations in noncoding sequences surrounding actrt1.
these mutations were located in transcribed sequences encoding enhancer rnas ( ernas ) and were shown to impair enhancer activity and actrt1 expression.
in summary , our study identifies a disease mechanism in bcc involving mutations in regulatory noncoding elements and uncovers the tumor-suppressor properties of actrt1.
senolytic drugs are agents that selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells.
these cells accumulate in many tissues with aging and at sites of pathology in multiple chronic diseases.
senolytic agents are being tested in proof-of-concept clinical trials.
chemical peels are an alternative and / or a complementary treatment to the surgical procedures for skin aging.
the clinical examination will determine the depth of the lesions to treat and will take into consideration counter-indications and specific limits to each patient.
chemical peel is a four step procedure : pre-peel preparation , peeling itself , recovery phase and maintenance phase.
the preparation is a very important phase which requires a thorough knowledge of cosmetics.
this preparation can extend to any medical or surgical treatment for aging skin.
various techniques of peelings : superficial , medium , deep , combined and mosaïc peel will be detailed.
these procedures require a rigorous training and a distinct learning curve.
the follow up will be specified as well as the management of the possible complications.
the korean national health insurance service senior cohort database contains personal medical data of every citizen in korea.
there are many different medical history patterns between individuals with dementia and normal controls.
the prediction model used a support-vector machine learning technique to perform a 10-fold cross-validation analysis.
the experimental results demonstrated promising performance ( @percent@ f-measure ) .
the proposed approach supported the significant influence of personal medical history features during an optimal observation period.
it is anticipated that a biomedical \ "big data \ "-based disease prediction model may assist the diagnosis of any disease more correctly.
the involvement of rarer variants in these loci has been poorly studied.
we applied prix fixe to select the putative causal genes underneath the gwas peaks , which was based on underlying functional similarities.
the sequence kernel association test was used to analyze the joint effect of rare , common , or both types of variants on pd susceptibility.
all genes were tested simultaneously as a gene set and each gene individually.
we observed a moderate association of common variants , confirming the involvement of the known pd risk loci within our genetic data sets.
focusing on rare variants , we identified additional association signals for lrrk2 , stbd1 , and spata19.
our study suggests an involvement of rare variants within several putatively causal genes underneath previously identified pd gwas peaks.
here , we aimed to evaluate the nature of these relationships with respect to causality.
we further investigated causality of the association between fasting insulin and lp ( a ) by combined mr analysis of @number@ additional snps in life-adult.
autophagy is also involved in a variety of biological functions like development , cellular differentiation , defense against pathogens and nutritional starvation.
the integration of autophagy into these biological functions and other stress responses is determined by the transcriptional factors that undertake the regulatory mechanism.
defects in autophagy regulation play a central role in number of diseases , including neurodegenerative diseases , cancer , pathogen infection and metabolic diseases.
similarly , inhibiting autophagy would contribute in the treatment of cancer.
however , understanding the biology of autophagy regulation requires pharmacologically active compounds which modulate the autophagy process.
both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer.
this dual role of autophagy in cancers is now getting uncovered by the advancement in the research findings and development of effective autophagy modulators.
disruptions to functional connectivity in subsystems of the default mode network are evident in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
functional connectivity estimates correlations in the time course of low-frequency activity.
we show higher amplitudes of low-frequency oscillations in ad patients.
rather than being compensatory , this appears to be maladaptive , with greater amplitude in the ventral default mode subnetwork associated with poorer episodic memory.
perturbations to default mode subnetworks in ad are evident in the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in the resting brain.
these disruptions are associated with episodic memory demonstrating their behavioral and clinical relevance in ad.
background : patients with stress-related exhaustion suffer from cognitive impairments , which often remain after psychological treatment or work place interventions.
it is important to find effective treatments that can address this problem.
primary outcome measure was cognitive function , and secondary outcome measures were psychological health variables and aerobic capacity.
results : in total , @percent@ patients in the aerobic training group and @percent@ patients in the control group completed the intervention period.
the aerobic training group significantly improved in maximal oxygen uptake and episodic memory performance.
no additional improvement in burnout , depression or anxiety was observed in the aerobic group compared with controls.
conclusion : aerobic training at a moderate-vigorous intensity within a multimodal rehabilitation program for patients with exhaustion disorder facilitated episodic memory.
a future challenge would be the clinical implementation of aerobic training and methods to increase feasibility in this patient group.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct03073772 .
retrospectively registered @date@ .
elevated cortisol levels have been hypothesized to contribute to cognitive aging , but study findings are inconsistent.
in the present study , we examined the association between salivary cortisol in older age and cognitive ability across the life course.
few of the tested associations were significant , and of those that were , most suggested a positive relationship between cortisol and cognitive ability.
only @number@ cognitive measure showed any sign of cortisol-related impairment.
however , after correcting for multiple comparisons , no results remained significant.
these findings suggest that cortisol may not play an important role in cognitive aging across the life course.
in this chapter we summarize knowledge on the role of drebrin in cell-cell communications.
specifically , we follow drebrin-connexin-43 interactions and drebrin behavior at the cell-cell interface described earlier.
drebrin is a part of the actin cytoskeleton which is a target of numerous bacteria and viruses invading mammalian cells.
drebrin phosphorylation , self-inhibition and transition between filaments , particles , and podosomes underlie cellular mechanisms involved in diseases and cognitive disorders.
cytoskeletal rearrangements influence the state of gap junction contacts which regulate cell signaling and metabolic flow of information across cells in tissues.
however , not much is known about this bias in the field of cancer ( pharmaco- ) epidemiology.
results were compared to unbiased estimates derived from the mantel-byar model.
in conclusion , itb led to spurious beneficial associations of beta-blocker use among cancer patients.
the magnitude of itb depends on the duration of excluded immortal time and the prognosis of each cancer.
the health care environment in the u.s. is changing.
this new practice paradigm will promote a closer integration with the larger health care system.
these activities will promote interprofessional health care education and practice.
while change is always challenging , this new practice paradigm could improve both oral health and health outcomes of patients seen in the dental office.
accumulating evidence indicates that misfolded proteins are generated in the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) by most cataractogenic stresses.
the upr also activates the nuclear factor @number@ ( nrf2 ) , a central transcriptional factor for cytoprotection against stress.
nrf2 activates nearly @number@ cytoprotective target genes.
however , if er stress reaches critically high levels , the upr activates destructive outputs to trigger programmed cell death.
methods : this qualitative study was conducted using content analysis.
purposive sampling was used to select the participants and continued until saturation.
the participants were the elderly , their care-givers , physicians , and pharmacists.
data was collected using semi-structured interviews , and analysis was done using an inductive approach.
the theory of planned behavior was used as a framework to explain the role of the emerged factors in the occurrence of self-medication behavior.
background : in populations pauci-immune to malaria , risk of severe malaria increases with age.
this is particularly apparent in plasmodium knowlesi malaria.
however , pathophysiological mechanisms underlying knowlesi malaria , and of the age-related increase in risk of severe malaria in general , are poorly understood.
results : plasmodium knowlesi parasitemia correlated with age ( spearman's correlation coefficient [ rs ] = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
in falciparum malaria , angiopoietin-2 increased with age , independent of parasite biomass ( histidine-rich protein @number@ [ hrp2 ] ) .
independent risk factors for severe malaria included parasitemia and angiopoietin-2 in knowlesi malaria , and hrp2 , angiopoietin-2 , and microvascular dysfunction in falciparum malaria.
conclusions : parasite biomass , endothelial activation , and microvascular dysfunction are associated with severe disease in knowlesi malaria and likely contribute to pathogenesis.
the association of each of these processes with aging may account for the greater severity of malaria observed in older adults in low-endemic regions.
adult-onset nihid typically manifests with dementia associated with leukoencephalopathy.
the detection of nis in skin biopsies is useful for an antemortem diagnosis.
in this study , we analyzed skin samples from @number@ nihid and @number@ control cases immunohistochemically and electron microscopically.
in the control cases , small but significant amounts of ubiquitin- and p62-positive intranuclear structures were found.
these structures were consistently colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia protein ( pml ) , an essential component of nbs , in particular when activated.
the p62- and pml-positive structures were more frequently found in nihid cases.
activated nbs , having a core and a shell , were observed by electron microscopy in control but not in nihid cases.
instead , immature and mature filamentous nis were found only in the nihid cases.
background : this study compares handgrip strength and its association with mortality across studies conducted in moscow , denmark , and england.
the age-standardized grip strength among the female participants was @number@ kg and @number@ kg lower in russia than in denmark and in england , respectively.
the current study examined the role of temporal resolution of attention in the decline in multiple object tracking abilities with healthy aging.
the temporal resolution of attention is known to limit attentional tracking of one and multiple targets ( holcombe & chen , @number@ ) .
stimuli comprised three concentric rings containing five or @number@ equally spaced dots.
rotational speed was varied to estimate speed or temporal frequency thresholds in six conditions.
gender also affected performance , with men having higher temporal frequency thresholds than women , independently of the number of targets.
several attempts have been done to define acos on the basis of medical history , symptoms , and functional findings.
additional diagnostic elements include eosinophilic airway and systemic inflammation , a good response to corticosteroid treatment , and a high concentration of exhaled nitric oxide.
acos has been found to be associated with impaired physical performance , functional ability , and health-related quality of life.
the prevalence of acos increases with aging , then it is relatively stable in elderly individuals ( > 65 years ) .
long-term mortality of subjects with acos is similar to copd , and worse than asthma and healthy controls.
future research is still needed to improve the understanding and management of acos.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality.
two novel antifibrotic agents , pirfenidone and nintedanib , have received licences for use in ipf in recent years.
both therapeutic agents have manageable side effect profiles.
questions remain as to the role of combination antifibrotic therapy as a future treatment option.
however , there is little information about sex differences in the effect of aging on ded.
we investigated sex differences in the effect of aging and other risk factors for ded.
ded was defined as the presence of frequent ocular dryness or a previous diagnosis by an ophthalmologist.
basic sociodemographic factors and previously known risk factors for ded were included in the analyses.
ded following ocular surgery also showed sexually different patterns.
age matching and sex matching are strongly recommended in further studies about ded , especially ded following ocular surgery.
background : visual impairment in elderly people is a considerable health problem that significantly affects quality of life of millions worldwide.
the magnitude of this issue is becoming more evident with an aging population and an increasing number of older individuals.
methods : an online review of the pubmed database was performed , searching for the key words.
the search was limited to articles published since @number@ to date.
although the pathogenesis of amd remains unclear , genetic factors have been implicated in the condition.
conclusion : identification of modifiable risk factors would improve the possibilities of preventing the progression of amd.
patients and methods : since @date@ data about every fracture of the hip sustained in an adult have been collected centrally in northern ireland.
all adults with such a fracture between @number@ and @number@ were included in the study.
temporal changes in their demographics , the mode of treatment , and outcomes including mortality were analysed.
if these trends continue , we predict this rising to @number@ in @number@ @number@ in @number@
we found that these patients are becoming older and increasingly frail , as assessed by the american association of anesthesiology grade.
complex extracapsular fractures have become more common since @number@ which may explain the increased use of cephalomedullary nails.
despite increasing frailty , the 30-day and 12-month rates of mortality fell significantly ( p = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusion : fractures of the hip are becoming more common and more complex in an aging , increasingly frail population.
we expect these trends to continue.
this will place an increasing economic and clinical strain on healthcare systems.
forward planning is essential to put systems in place that can deal with the increasing demand.
cite this article : the mechanisms of aging that are involved in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) are still unclear.
our goal was to elucidate if there were age-related changes on primary hlfs isolated from ipf lungs compared with age-matched controls.
we investigated several hallmarks of aging in hlfs from ipf patients and age-matched controls.
additionally , we observed shorter telomeres , mitochondrial dysfunction , and upon transforming growth factor-β stimulation , increased markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
these results might change the existing paradigm , which describes fibroblasts as aberrantly activated cells , to a cell with a senescence phenotype.
the bcl-2 family protein , mcl-1 is known to have anti-apoptotic functions , and depletion of mcl-1 by cellular stresses favors the apoptotic process.
in this study , we demonstrated that kribb11 accelerates the proteasomal degradation of mcl-1 in the nsclc cell line , a549.
while kribb11 is an inhibitor of hsf1 , we found that kribb11 induced mcl-1 degradation in an hsf1-independent manner.
furthermore , this process was triggered via increase ubiquitination by the e3 ligase , mule , rather than via de-ubiquitination by usp9x.
additionally , we found that mcl-1 levels were only transiently reduced by kribb11 : mcl-1 levels were gradually restored as kribb11 activity diminished.
taken together , our results suggest that targeting mcl-1 with kribb11 treatment , while simultaneously downregulating bis , could be a therapeutic strategy in nsclc.
phlpp2-deficient primary hepatocytes or crispr / cas9-mediated phlpp2-knockout hepatoma cells were analyzed for insulin signaling and gene expression.
we measured levels of mrnas by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in liver biopsies from patients with varying degrees of hepatic steatosis.
results : phlpp2-knockout hepatoma cells and hepatocytes from l-phlpp2 mice showed normal initiation of insulin signaling , but prolonged insulin action.
chow-fed l-phlpp2 mice had normal glucose tolerance but hepatic steatosis.
knockdown of kctd17 with small hairpin rna in primary hepatocytes increased phlpp2 protein but not phlpp2 mrna , indicating that kctd17 mediates phlpp2 degradation.
kctd17 knockdown in obese mice prevented phlpp2 degradation and decreased expression of lipogenic genes.
conclusions : in mouse models of obesity , we found that phlpp2 degradation induced lipogenesis without affecting gluconeogenesis.
inhibitors of this pathway might be developed for treatment of patients with nafld.
the proposed new algorithm was based on weighted combination and named as multi-modality scddl ( mscddl ) .
conclusions : the mscddl procedure was a promising tool in assisting early diseases diagnosis using neuroimaging data.
background : china and india are the world's two most populous countries.
although their populations are growing in number and life expectancies are extending they have different trajectories of economic growth , epidemiological transition and social change.
cross-country comparisons can allow national and global insights and provide evidence for policy and decision-making.
stratified multiple linear regressions were undertaken to assess disability differences by sex and residence , controlling for other biological and socioeconomic determinants of disability.
oaxaca-blinder decomposition partitioned the two-group inequalities into explained and unexplained components.
results : in both countries women and rural residents reported more disability.
conclusions : education and employment were important drivers of these measured inequalities.
here we test for performance tradeoffs in human athletes.
we show that in ironman triathletes , swimming performance trades off with cycling and running performance.
the tradeoff appears to be plastic , in that only highly trained athletes experience the tradeoff.
however , \ "adaptive decoupling \ " of the life stages during metamorphosis may resolve ontogenetic conflict and facilitate independent adaptation to both environments.
the striatum contributes to socio-cognitive functions by receiving glutamatergic inputs from the cerebral cortices.
however , the vulnerability of these cortico-striatal inputs is unclear in these diseases.
we examined @number@ consecutively autopsied patients ( @number@ ftld-tdp and @number@ als patients ) and @number@ normal controls.
the axon terminals of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal projection neurons were quantified at the striatum using antivesicular glutamate transporter-1 ( vglut-1 ) immunohistochemistry.
in results , all ftld-tdp patients displayed marked depletion of vglut-1-positive axon terminals in the caudate head and putamen.
particularly , the patients with type c pathology showed a severe loss.
the nondemented als patients displayed loss of vglut-1-positive axon terminals in the putamen , but those were relatively spared in the caudate head.
confocal microscopy revealed tdp-43 aggregations within vglut-1-positive axon terminals in a subset of the patients.
our results indicate marked involvement of glutamatergic striatal inputs from the cerebral cortices in association with socio-cognitive declines in a disease spectrum of tdp-43 proteinopathy.
the expansion of the aging population , residential care facilities , and projected registered nurse shortages pose significant challenges to nurse staffing ratios.
recruiting and educating practical nurses open a pathway for greater diversity in the nursing profession as well as improving patient health outcomes.
the health care system is further complicated by a shortage of highly trained nurses , challenging financial incentive models , and inefficient traditional staffing models.
these challenges have increased the urgency for designing a more efficient , cost-effective care delivery model.
one large national system is redefining how it cares for patients in the acute care setting in preparation for the next era.
the model is person-centered and allows team members to practice to the full extent of their education and training.
the model emphasizes care from the right skill level , for the right patient need , at the right time.
background : soft tissue augmentation is increasingly being performed to treat male facial aging.
correct filler placement at different areas of concern is important to achieve desired and natural results.
background : although tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer is life-threatening , the epidemiology of its development remains unclear.
the prevalence and incidence were estimated for each age and sex using japanese volume of thyroidectomies and japanese population data.
we also explored whether a tumor-related tracheal defect was successfully reconstructed after full-layer tracheal resection.
results : among the @number@ patients with thyroid cancer , the overall prevalence of tracheal invasion was @number@.4-0.7%.
the age distributions were noticeably different between thyroid cancer cases with and without tracheal invasion.
the highest incidence was observed at ages of 70-79 years for thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion and 60-69 years for thyroid cancer without invasion.
approximately one-half of patients experienced long-term use of a tracheal tube and / or multiple operations for tracheal reconstruction.
conclusion : the peak incidence of tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer was observed at ages of > 70years.
in addition , conventional surgical management appears to be limited in its ability to reconstruct tracheal defects.
the closing section highlights the clinical potential of behavioral and neural markers of spatial navigation , with a particular emphasis on neurodegenerative disorders.
aging is significantly associated with the development of comorbid chronic conditions.
these conditions indicate the use of multiple medications , and are often warranted by clinical guidelines.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate medication appropriateness and frailty among malaysian aged care home residents with chronic disease.
the participants were @number@ elderly ( ≥65 years ) individuals , a cross-sectional sample from @number@ aged care homes.
each participant had a mean of @number@ ± @number@ chronic diseases , with an average gfi score of @number@ ± @number@
the number of medications used per participant correlated significantly and positively ( @number@ p = @number@ ) with gfi score.
these findings reinforce the need for participants of aged care homes to receive periodic medication review aimed at minimizing morbidity associated with inappropriate pharmacotherapy.
we analyzed these variables with the 4-segment oxford foot model.
methods : twenty-one healthy subjects ( aged 20-65 years ) were recruited for gait analysis.
the effect of speed on foot and ankle kinematics was assessed by comparing results during slow walking and fast walking.
also , the interaction between age and speed was analyzed.
age did not significantly influence kinematics.
there was no interaction between age and speed.
conclusion : our analysis found that speed significantly influenced the kinematic outcome parameters.
this was more pronounced in the ankle joint.
in contrast , no significant differences were found between younger and older healthy subjects.
the lmna gene gives rise to lamin a and lamin c through alternative splicing.
during rna sequencing analysis of wild type and hgps patient skin fibroblasts , we discovered two novel lmna isoforms.
both isoforms are present at low levels in hgps patient and wild type cells in multiple cell types.
we validate and quantify the expression levels of these novel isoforms in hgps and wild type fibroblasts.
these results identify and characterize two novel rna isoforms of lmna produced through alternative splicing.
telomere shortening was shown to parallel alzheimer's disease ( ad ) associated dementia.
pna ( peptide nucleic acid ) probes for telomeres together with a chromosome two centromere probe were used.
findings indicated telomere shortening over time for both cases and controls.
this study adds to accumulating evidence of the value of telomere length , as an early biomarker of ad progression in adults with down syndrome.
prior work has shown that both short and long sleep predict mortality.
however , sleep duration decreases with age and this may affect the relationship of sleep duration with mortality.
the purpose of the present study was to assess whether the association between sleep duration and mortality varies with age.
prospective cohort study.
@number@ individuals ( @percent@ women ) , recruited in @date@ during the swedish national march and followed through record-linkages for @number@ years.
up to @number@ @number@ deaths occurred.
multivariable cox proportional hazards regression models with attained age as time scale were fitted to estimate mortality rate ratios.
among individuals @number@ years or older , no relationships between sleep duration and mortality were observed.
the effect of short and long sleep duration on mortality was highest among young individuals and decreased with increasing age.
the results suggest that age plays an important role in the relationship between sleep duration and mortality.
fever may be the only clinical symptom at the onset of infection in neutropenic cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
a prompt and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approach is mandatory.
a systematic search of current literature was conducted , including only full papers and excluding allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
recommendations for diagnosis and therapy were developed by an expert panel and approved after plenary discussion by the agiho.
randomized clinical trials were mainly available for therapeutic decisions , and new diagnostic procedures have been introduced into clinical practice in the past decade.
stratification into a high-risk versus low-risk patient population is recommended.
premature aging disorders provide an opportunity to study the mechanisms that drive aging.
in hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) , a mutant form of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin a distorts nuclei and sequesters nuclear proteins.
we sought to investigate protein homeostasis in this disease.
here , we report a widespread increase in protein turnover in hgps-derived cells compared to normal cells.
we determine that global protein synthesis is elevated as a consequence of activated nucleoli and enhanced ribosome biogenesis in hgps-derived fibroblasts.
depleting normal lamin a or inducing mutant lamin a expression are each sufficient to drive nucleolar expansion.
all patients had volumetric mri , results : as expected , the meno group was older than the peri and cnt groups.
these data indicate that the optimal window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in women is early in the endocrine aging process.
studies in humans have shown that muscle mechanoreflex activation inhibits cardiac vagal outflow , decreasing the sensitivity of baroreflex control of hr.
muscle mechanoreflex activation appears to play a predominant role in causing renal vasoconstriction , both in isolation and in the presence of local metabolites.
objective : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most common form of arthritis and the leading cause of disability in the elderly.
our aim was to identify novel genes associated with hand oa and examine the underlying mechanism.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , alzheimer disease , and related dementias are a global health problem.
numerous mhealth interventions exist for this population , yet the effect of these interventions on health has not been systematically described.
a hand search of jmir publications journals was also completed in @date@ .
results : after removal of duplicates , our initial search returned @number@ records.
common quantitative health outcomes included cognition , function , mood , and quality of life.
we found that @percent@ ( 101 / 476 ) of the fully reviewed articles were excluded because of a lack of health outcomes.
the health outcomes selected were observed to be inconsistent between studies.
for those studies with quantitative health outcomes , more than half ( @percent@ ) reported postintervention improvements in outcomes.
however , these studies were of low quality , leading to a grade c level of evidence.
trial registration : prospero registration : prospero 2016 : crd42016033846 ; @url@ display record.asp ? id = crd42016033846 ( archived by webcite at @url@
although aberrant metabolism and deposition of iron has been associated with aging and neurodegeneration , the contribution of iron to neuropathology is unclear.
finally , we have provided a synthesis of the differential iron accumulation and toxicity in glia and neurons from reported iron loading paradigms.
several vaccine-preventable diseases-influenza , pneumonia , herpes zoster , and pertussis-threaten the health of older adults in the united states.
both the costs associated with treating these diseases and the potential to increase morbidity and mortality are high for this patient population.
pharmacists and other health care professionals play a significant role in ensuring the elderly patient receives the recommended vaccines at the recommended intervals.
we synthesized ddq using retro-synthesis and analyzed its structure spectrally.
using biochemical , molecular biology , immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) methods , we studied ddq's beneficial effects in ad neurons.
our qrt-pcr and immunoblotting analysis revealed that reduced levels of mitochondrial fission and increased fusion , biogenesis and synaptic genes in ddq-treated ad neurons.
our immunoblotting and immunostaining analyses revealed that aβ and drp1 levels were reduced in ddq-treated ad neurons.
interaction between aβ and drp1 is reduced in ddq-treated ad neurons.
aβ42 levels were significantly reduced in ddq-treated mutant appswe / ind cells.
mitochondrial number is significantly reduced and mitochondrial length is significantly increased.
mitochondrial function and cell viability were maintained in ad neurons treated with ddq.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a progressive blinding disease and represents the leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population.
amd affects central vision which impairs one's ability to drive , read and recognize faces.
over @number@ billion dollars per year are spent on care for amd patients in the us.
over half of the heritability is explained by two major loci , thus amd is considered the most well genetically defined of the complex disorders.
further studies investigating protective alleles in populations with low amd prevalence may lead to this goal.
recent developments in the analysis of epigenetic dna methylation patterns have demonstrated that certain genetic loci show a linear correlation with chronological age.
it is the goal of this study to identify a new set of epigenetic methylation markers for the forensic estimation of human age.
these sites were evaluated using @number@ blood samples and @number@ saliva samples collected from volunteers with ages ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
dna was bisulfite modified followed by pcr amplification and pyrosequencing to determine the level of dna methylation at each cpg site.
using a 52-saliva sample training set , two age-predictor models were developed by means of a multivariate linear regression analysis for age prediction.
another age predictor model was also developed using a 40-blood sample training set that accounted for @percent@ of the age variance.
this model gave a mean absolute deviation of @number@ years for the training set and @number@.3years for the validation set.
the results indicate that specific cpgs in scgn and klf14 can be used as potential epigenetic markers to estimate age using saliva and blood specimens.
these epigenetic markers could provide important information in cases where the determination of a suspect's age is critical in developing investigative leads.
animal models are commonly used in brain ageing research.
amongst these , models where rodents are exposed to d-galactose are held to recapitulate a number of features of ageing including neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes.
however , results from animal studies are often inconsistent.
we applied random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of study features.
our results give an overview of the characteristics of the d-galactose rodent ageing model , including neurobehavioral and neurochemical outcomes.
we found that few studies took measures to reduce risks of bias , and substantial heterogeneity in the reported effects of d-galactose in included studies.
however , certain contexts related to aggressiveness towards people ( but not dogs ) shared significant residual relationships unaccounted for by latent levels of aggressiveness.
furthermore , aggressiveness towards people and dogs in different contexts interacted with sex and age.
thus , sex and age differences in displays of aggression were not simple functions of underlying aggressiveness.
objective : our objective was to systematically review the literature to examine the discontinuation of preventive medicines in older people with lle.
the cochrane risk-of-bias assessment criteria and the newcastle-ottawa scale were used to assess the quality of the studies.
the most common preventive medicine discontinued was statins , followed by warfarin and aspirin.
lle potentially prompted discontinuation ; however , some individuals continued to receive preventive medicines until they died.
conclusions : the review found that withdrawal of preventive medicines at the end of life is challenging.
ultimately , such work could help reduce the pace of biological aging and improve health and wellness.
objectives : computer-aided technologies can help to minimize clinical complications of zirconia-based restorations such as veneering porcelain fractures.
the aim of this study was to evaluate different veneering approaches for zirconia single crowns regarding contact wear , fracture strength , and failure mode.
all specimens were submitted to artificial aging ( @number@ mechanical cycles , @number@ n load , @number@.7-mm sliding movement , @number@ thermocycles ) .
statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of @percent@.
results : no statistical difference was revealed regarding the contact wear of the restorations ( p = @number@ anova ) .
no significant difference was found regarding the fracture resistance of the crowns ( p = @number@ anova ) .
significance : all tested specimens survived artificial aging and exhibited clinically acceptable wear resistance and fracture resistance.
digital veneering techniques offer a promising , time- and cost-effective manufacturing process for all-ceramic restorations and may usefully complement the digital workflow.
unique identifier : nct01366404.
background : asymptomatic atrial fibrillation ( af ) is increasingly common in the aging population and implicated in many ischemic strokes.
earlier identification of af with appropriate anticoagulation may decrease stroke morbidity and mortality.
time to diagnosis of af was the primary outcome measure.
clinical events and patient attitudes / experience were also evaluated.
results : we studied @number@ patients ( @number@ iecg , @number@ rc ) who were @number@.6±5.4 years of age ; @number@ were female.
this approach is also highly acceptable to this group of patients , supporting further evaluation in an appropriately powered , event-driven clinical trial.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : isrctn10709813.
exosomes or microvesicles that are secreted from cells are considered to play important roles in tumor microenvironment.
consistent with the intracellular expression levels , ca9 was abundantly detected in exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation from osrc-2 cells.
density gradient centrifugation of osrc-2 and 786-o exosomes confirmed the co-presence of ca9 with exosomal markers.
upon hypoxia and treatment with cocl none : micronutrient fortification can improve nutrient intake of older adults in long-term care.
however , previous studies indicate that micronutrient fortification can alter food sensory attributes and , potentially , consumer liking.
others have found no effect of fortification on liking.
this research investigates the effect of micronutrient powder addition on the sensory properties of selected foods commonly served in long-term care.
a micronutrient powder containing @number@ vitamins and @number@ minerals was added to tomato soup and oatmeal at different levels.
using projective mapping , changes in sensory properties were observed with powder addition.
oatmeal also showed changes in texture with fortification.
consumer liking scores for tomato soup showed that micronutrient addition affected liking when @percent@ of a daily dose was added into the soup.
addition of @percent@ of the daily dose did not affect liking.
oatmeal liking did not differ between fortified and unfortified samples.
the objective is to discover predictive markers of response to adapt the treatment at diagnosis.
the plasmatic level of cxcl7 at baseline was correlated with progression-free survival ( pfs ) .
objectives : previous studies have illustrated the link between high on-aspirin platelet reactivity ( hapr ) with increasing thrombotic risks.
the aim of our study was to investigate relative risk factors of hapr in elderly patients with coronary artery disease.
methods : elderly , hospitalized coronary artery disease patients on regular aspirin treatment were enrolled from @date@ to @date@ .
medical records of each patient were collected , including demographic information , cardiovascular risk factors , concomitant drugs and routine biological parameters.
results : a total of @number@ elderly patients were included , with mean age of @number@.2±8.1 years , and males accounted for @percent@.
hapr was defined as lta-aa in the upper quartile of the enrolled population.
these parameters might provide novel therapeutic targets for optimizing antiplatelet therapy.
each of these deficits can coexist and interact , producing both independent and additive impacts on brain health.
many of the changes can be visualized using mri.
to collectively assess whole-brain structural changes , the mri-based brain atrophy and lesion index ( bali ) has been developed.
in this study , we validate this whole-brain health assessment approach using several clinical mri examinations.
results : atrophy and lesion changes were commonly seen in each mri test.
inclusion of additional mri tests increased lesion differentiation.
further research is to integrate mri tests for a clinical tool to aid the diagnosis and intervention of brain aging.
background : a high percentage of individuals treated in specialized acute care wards are frail and elderly.
patients were assigned to the intervention group ( n = 206 ) or control group ( n = 202 ) .
primary outcome was decline in functional activity adls assessed by the adl staircase @number@ months after discharge from hospital.
secondary outcomes were degree of frailty and use of municipal help services.
patients and methods : two hundred and five volunteers aged ≥45 years were randomly divided into two groups.
the enhancement of the t-cell-mediated natural immune defense might be one of the important underlying mechanisms for probiotics to express their anti-infective effects.
few studies have examined potential ways of improving swallowing function in this fragile patient group.
the aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing dysfunction and carbonated liquid using videofluoroscopy in dlb and pdd patients.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with dlb and pdd were referred for a clinical examination with videofluoroscopy.
a total of 14 / 40 ( @percent@ ) patients with an objective swallowing impairment did not have any subjective swallowing symptoms.
out of the patients with swallowing dysfunction , @percent@ had an overall improved swallowing function with carbonated liquid.
objective : we evaluated the capacity of pcis to impair the ige-binding capacity of airborne hdm allergens under a simulated indoor environmental condition.
the ige-binding capacities of the pci- and sham-treated hdm allergens were analyzed by an elisa.
conclusions : pcis have the capacity to impair the ige-binding capacity of airborne hdm allergens in a simulated environmental condition.
glucocerebrosidase @number@ ( although erα activation properties have been intensively studied , this is not the case for their repressive properties.
ligands do not affect binding to the deacetylase activity or to hdac1.
in distinction , e2 reduced lbd binding to hdac3 , whereas tmx had no effect.
knock-down of either hdac1 or @number@ led to increased transcriptional activity by both hdacs , presumably by decreased repression.
in distinction , only hdac3 knock-down led to increased activity in the presence of tmx.
in summary , erα differentially interacts with hdacs @number@ and @number@ to regulate transcriptional activity.
for decades , angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers have been the mainstay of hfref therapy.
in this paper , we review the pathophysiology of hfref , discuss already established and novel evidenced-based pharmacologic therapies available for these patients.
we propose a new reviewing presentation of the tensor threads.
there are many techniques , which we will present.
informal care is non-financed care outside the realm of formal healthcare , which represents an increasing challenge for aging societies.
informal care has frequently been neglected in health economic analyses , while in recent years its coverage has increased considerably in the international scientific literature.
orv hetil.
@number@ 158 ( @number@ ) : 1363-1372.
patients with dementia due to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) have increased risk of developing delirium.
this study investigated the relationship between a magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) -derived biomarker associated with preclinical ad and postoperative delirium.
participants were older adults ( ≥70 years ) without dementia who underwent preoperative mri and elective surgery.
delirium incidence and severity were evaluated daily during hospitalization.
cortical thickness was averaged across a published set of a priori brain regions to derive a measure known as the \ "ad signature. \ "
background and objective : the mortality rate for patients requiring mechanical ventilation is about @percent@ and this rate increases to about @percent@ for the elderly.
the aged model was developed by altering the geometry and material properties of the model developed for the 50-year-old.
findings : the airway mechanical characteristics decreased with aging , specifically a @percent@ pressure drop was observed for the 80-year-old as compared to the 50-year-old.
the shear stress on airway walls increased with aging and the highest shear stress was observed in the 80-year-old during inhalation.
a @percent@ increase in peak strain was observed for the 80-year-old as compared to the 50-year-old during exhalation.
overall , the airway mechanical characteristics as well as lung function are compromised due to aging.
conclusion : our study demonstrates and quantifies the effects of aging on the airflow dynamics and lung capacity.
these changes in the aging lung are important considerations for mechanical ventilation parameters in elderly patients.
realistic geometry and material properties need to be included in the computational models in future studies.
increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory markers in the breast tissue can result in local inflammation.
levels of eleven pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal breast tissue obtained from @number@ pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
multivariate generalized linear models were used to assess the associations.
objectives / hypothesis : to characterize the histologic and biochemical properties of auricular and septal cartilage and analyze age-related changes in middle-aged to older adults.
study design : cross-sectional study of auricular and septal cartilage from @number@ fresh cadavers.
methods : auricular and septal cartilage specimens were stained using safranin o for glycosaminoglycans , verhoeff's stain for elastin , and masson's trichrome for collagen.
percentage of tissue stained , cell density and size were quantified.
relationships between donor characteristics and histologic properties were evaluated using mixed model analyses.
results : the average donor age was @number@ years ( standard deviation = @number@ years ; range , 55-93 years ) .
in septal cartilage , glycosaminoglycans decreased @percent@ per year ( p < @number@ ) .
age did not affect collagen content significantly in auricular ( p = @number@ ) or septal cartilage ( p = @number@ ) .
glycosaminoglycan content declines faster with age in septal cartilage than auricular cartilage.
level of evidence : na.
laryngoscope , 127 : e399-e407 , @number@
in addition to its well-established role in tumorigenesis , p53 has also been associated with aging in mice.
several mouse models with aberrantly increased p53 activity display signs of premature aging.
however , the relationship between dysfunction of the mdm2 / p53 axis and human aging remains elusive.
here , we have identified an antiterminating homozygous germline mutation in mdm2 in a patient affected by a segmental progeroid syndrome.
we show that this mutation abrogates mdm2 activity , thereby resulting in enhanced levels and stability of p53.
functional data from a zebrafish model further demonstrated that mutant mdm2 was unable to rescue a p53-induced apoptotic phenotype.
altogether , our findings indicate that mutant mdm2 is a likely driver of the observed segmental form of progeria.
objectives : studies in cognitive aging demonstrated inconsistent association between hearing and cognition in older adults.
methods : this study involved @number@ adults aged @number@ years and older.
participants had their hearing and cognition measured using pure tone audiometry and mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , respectively.
results : pure tone average ( low ) accounted for significant but minimal amount of variance in measure of mmse.
the results revealed a significant relationship between pta ( low ) and mmse only in the younger age group.
in contrast , no significant relationship was found between pta ( high ) and cognition in any of the cohorts.
conclusion : pure tone average ( low ) is significantly but minimally related to measure of general cognitive status.
similar relationship is not observed between high-frequency hearing and cognition.
further research using a more comprehensive cognitive test battery is needed to confirm the lack of association between high-frequency hearing and cognition.
the circadian clock directs many aspects of metabolism , to separate in time opposing metabolic pathways and optimize metabolic efficiency.
here we discuss the interplay between the circadian clock and metabolism , the importance of the microbiome , and how they relate to aging.
the ability to use thoracic quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) to detect the annual change of bmd remains unclear.
the bmd of the thoracolumbar spine , upper , and lower extremities were measured using qct and dxa , respectively.
the age-related annual rate of bone density loss was computed and compared to the thoracic and lumbar qct , as well dxa measures.
background : arsenic exposure is associated with decreased kidney function.
the association between low to moderate arsenic exposure and kidney disease has not been fully clarified.
setting & participants : @number@ participants @number@ years and older were recruited from arseniasis-endemic areas in northeastern taiwan.
arsenic levels were @number@ @number@ and @number@.7μg / l at the 50th , 75th , and 90th percentiles , respectively.
predictor : well-water arsenic and urinary total arsenic ( inorganic plus methylated arsenic species ) concentrations , adjusted for urinary creatinine concentration.
measurements : hrs contrasting ckd risk across arsenic exposure levels were estimated using cox regression.
prevalence ors for proteinuria ( protein excretion ≥ 200mg / g ) comparing quartiles of total urinary arsenic concentrations were estimated using logistic regression.
glomerular filtration rates were not available.
other heavy metals were not measured.
conclusions : this study describes the temporal relationship between arsenic concentrations ≥ 10μg / l in drinking water and ckd.
a dose-dependent association between well-water arsenic concentration and kidney diseases was observed.
higher creatinine-adjusted urinary total arsenic concentrations were associated with a higher prevalence of proteinuria.
maintenance of circadian rhythms is essential to many aspects of human health , including metabolism and neurological and psychiatric well-being.
chronic disruption of circadian clock function is implicated in increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome , cardiovascular events and development of cancers.
however , there are little approaches to reinforce the function of circadian clock for prevention of these diseases.
essence of chicken ( ec ) is a nutritional supplement that is traditionally made by extracting water soluble substances derived from cooking the whole chicken.
furthermore , ec facilitated re-entrainment of behavioral rhythm in mice when phase of the light-dark cycle was suddenly advanced.
all restorations were adhesively bonded using a resin cement ( variolink esthetic ) .
half of the specimens of each subgroup were subjected to thermo-dynamic loading in a chewing simulator with @number@ cycles at 10kg load.
the other half and the surviving specimens were subjected to quasi-static loading until failure.
statistical analysis was performed using three-way anova and tukey's post-hoc tests.
results : all specimens except one survived the artificial aging.
neither the pre-cementation treatment nor the artificial aging had a statistical significant effect on the fracture strength.
significance : immediate dentin sealing protocol is recommended whenever dentin is exposed during the preparation for thin glass-ceramic occlusal veneers.
a secondary objective was to document and compare the time required to complete and score each assessment scale.
correlational analyses and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the association between each scale and to compare scoring time.
these results suggest that the pacslac-ii is a valid tool for assessing pain in individuals with dementia.
the time required to complete and score the pacslac-ii was reasonable , supporting its usefulness in clinical settings.
the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cytochrome p450-2e1 ( cyp2e1 ) in aging-dependent kidney damage since it is poorly understood.
young ( @number@ weeks ) and aged female ( 16-17 months old ) wild-type ( wt ) and cyp2e1-null mice were used.
furthermore , the highest levels of renal hydrogen peroxide , protein carbonylation and nitration were observed in aged wt mice.
mitochondrial production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide is potentially important in cell signaling and disease.
tdp-43 is well known as being actively degraded by both the proteasome and macroautophagy.
tdp-43 degradation was observed in the absence and presence of selective inhibitors and small interfering rnas against the proteasome and autophagy.
liver x receptors ( lxrs ) are important sensors and regulators for cholesterol , fatty acid , and glucose.
lxrs play essential roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
we examined the effects of t0901317 , a potent lxr agonist , on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( huvecs ) .
this investigation explored how nurses were impacted by the disasters and how they can best be supported in their nursing responsibilities.
design : sequential mixed methods were used to explore the psychosocial issues nurses experienced throughout the course of this natural disaster and its lingering aftermath.
between july and @date@ , @number@ surveys were completed.
findings : the qualitative data revealed challenges in balancing professional obligations and personal concerns.
accounts described dealing in the immediate recovery period with unexpected job changes and resultant work uncertainty.
these multiple issues increase the psychosocial toll on nurses during a disaster response and impending recovery.
background : aging leads to a panoply of changes of facial morphology.
the computed tomographic scans were converted into three-dimensional craniofacial models for each patient , using the initial and the follow-up computed tomographic scan data.
the models were used to highlight areas of bone growth and bone resorption using a color scale and to perform a cephalometric analysis.
results : seven patients with a mean age of @number@ years and computed tomographic scans on average @number@ years apart were included.
bone resorption was consistently present ( @number@ percent ) at the pyriform aperture and the anterior wall of the maxilla.
resorption occurred earlier at the inferolateral orbital rim followed by the superomedial orbital rim in later decades of life.
paired-analysis of change in the orbital rim height and width demonstrated a mean decrease over time but was not significant.
the use of dna methylation ( dnam ) to obtain additional information in forensic investigations showed to be a promising and increasing field of interest.
prediction of the chronological age based on age-dependent changes in the dnam of specific cpg sites within the genome is one such potential application.
here we present an age-prediction tool for whole blood based on massive parallel sequencing ( mps ) and a random forest machine learning algorithm.
mps allows accurate dnam determination of pre-selected markers and neighboring cpg-sites to identify the best age-predictive markers for the age-prediction tool.
evaluation of model performance using the test set showed a comparable result ( mad @number@ years , rmse @number@ years ) .
cellular senescence is a fundamental cell fate , important both in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
this snapshot focuses on the role of cellular senescence in health , disease , and aging.
recent research suggests that epidemiological forces in religion and health can have opposed effects.
multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine all associations.
conversely , people who only prayed had higher odds of depressive symptoms than non-religious people @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
our findings suggest two types of religiousness : @number@
crisis religiousness ( praying without other religious activities ) , which is associated with poor health.
cd11c + t-bet + b cells have now been detected and characterized in different experimental and clinical settings , in both mice and humans.
whether such cells are monolithic , or define subsets of b cells with different functions is not yet known.
determining the presence and burden of cerebral amyloid angiopathy is particularly important when planning to start or restart anticoagulation after an intracerebral hemorrhage.
background : parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms with wide ranging impacts on the health-related quality of life.
the 39-item parkinson's disease questionnaire ( pdq-39 ) is the most widely used pd-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire.
the short-form 8-item parkinson's disease questionnaire ( pdq-8 ) was found to produce results similar to that of the pdq-39 cross-culturally.
however , there is no evaluation of the pdq-8 in the mainland of china.
methods : in this longitudinal study , @number@ patients with parkinson's disease were recruited.
the pdq-39 , the pdq-8 and other scales were administered.
patients attended the clinic once annually for three years to complete the scales.
results : the pdq-8 was found to have good validity and reliability.
there was a strong correlation between the summary indices of the pdq-8 and the pdq-39 ( r = 0.93 , p < 0.001 ) .
results suggested that the pdq-8 was also associated with other clinical scales of mobility , depression and cognition.
the convergent validity and discriminant validity of the pdq-8 were demonstrated by item-to-dimension correlations.
there was acceptable internal consistency of the pdq-8 ( cronbach's α : @number@ item-scale correlation efficient : @number@.56-0.72 ) .
the pdq-8 replicated the results of the pdq-39 well at all follow-up time points ( intraclass correlation coefficient : @number@.96-0.98 ) .
in addition , there was good test-retest reliability of the pdq-8.
conclusion : the pdq-8 is a valid and reliable instrument assessing health-related quality of life for pd patients in the mainland of china.
hence , understanding the factors required for optimal vaccine responsiveness is critical.
results : elderly participants had significantly higher levels of crp , tumor necrosis factor , and interleukin @number@ and shorter leukocyte telomere length.
perturbed fr is associated with aging and age-related pathological conditions.
shift work , involving repeated and chronic exposure to misaligned environmental and behavioral cycles , disrupts circadian coordination.
we tested whether night shifts perturb fr in motor activity and whether night shifts affect fr in chronic shift workers and non-shift workers differently.
methods : we studied @number@ chronic shift workers and @number@ non-shift workers as controls using both field and in-laboratory experiments.
the night shift effect was present even @number@ days after ending night shifts.
moreover , fr during real and simulated night shifts was more perturbed in those who started shift work at older ages.
conclusions : chronic shift work causes night shift intolerance , which is probably linked to the degraded plasticity of the circadian control system.
among the hiv + group , higher upsa-b scores were related to better neuropsychological ability , but unrelated to self-reported functional independence.
conversely , upsa-b scores were unrelated to participant-reported cognitive difficulties on the poms confusion / bewilderment subscale.
the upsa-b identified hiv + persons with cognitive impairment with @percent@ accuracy.
however , indicators of functional disability among adults living with hiv is still not well understood and is likely multifactorial in nature.
these data highlight the complex interplay between objective functional capacity , neurocognitive ability , subjective cognitive symptoms , and functional dependence.
to quantify the candidates in the serum of nsclc patients , mass spectrometry ( mrm-ms ) was performed for five candidate biomarkers.
collectively , these results demonstrate the feasibility of using our pipeline for marker discovery and our mrm-ms platform for verifying potential biomarkers of human diseases.
background : physical activity ( pa ) is beneficial in improving negative physical and psychological effects of cancer.
such programs could be provided through the internet , but that could result in the exclusion of cancer survivors not familiar with the internet.
objective : the aim of this study was to assess participants ' characteristics related to delivery mode and use of intervention materials.
methods : we studied characteristics of participants using web-based and printed intervention materials in a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) .
prostate and colorectal cancer survivors recruited from hospitals were randomized to oncoactive ( computer-tailored pa intervention ) or a usual-care control group.
oncoactive participants received both web-based and printed materials.
intervention material use during the remainder of the intervention was compared for initial print- or web-based participants.
additionally , participants were classified into those using only print materials and those using web-based materials.
differences in participant characteristics and intervention material use were studied through analysis of variance ( anovas ) , chi-square tests , and logistic regressions.
initial print-based participants predominantly used print-based materials , whereas initial web-based participants used both print- and web-based materials.
use of print-based materials among the initial web-based participants was substantial , indicating the importance of print-based materials.
according to our findings , it may be important to offer web- and print-based materials alongside each other.
a total of @number@ subjects ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) were included.
height loss was calculated as the difference between the subject's self-reported maximum adult height and their measured current height.
the height loss values were divided into quartiles ( q1-q4 ) for men and women.
height loss was also associated with a low ses in men and women.
worldwide , the prevalence of type @number@ diabetes is increasing in individuals of chinese descent.
culturally tailored programs are required to address the risk in the chinese population.
this paper analyses effectiveness of a culturally tailored community-based lifestyle modification program ( sydney diabetes prevention program ( sdpp ) ) targeting mandarin speakers.
the sdpp was a @number@ month translational study aiming to promote increased physical activity and dietary changes.
effectiveness was assessed through the improvement of anthropometric , metabolic , physical activity and dietary outcomes and number of goals met.
methods : seventy-eight mandarin-speaking participants at a high risk ( australian diabetes risk , ausdrisk≥15 ) of developing diabetes were recruited for this study.
results : in this cohort , waist circumference , total cholesterol and fat intake significantly improved at the 12-month review.
in comparison to the english-speaking stream , the mandarin-speaking stream achieved fewer improvements in outcomes and goals.
galangin is a flavonoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential.
previous studies have reported that galangin has antioxidative activity against ros-mediated stress.
we recently reported that adar2 edits and stabilizes nuclear-retained cat2 transcribed nuclear rna ( ctn rna ) .
here , we report that adar1 coordinates with adar2 to regulate editing and stability of ctn rna.
we observe an rna-dependent interaction between adar1 and adar2.
furthermore , adar1 negatively regulates interaction of ctn rna with rna-destabilizing proteins.
we also show that breast cancer ( bc ) cells display elevated adar1 but not adar2 levels , compared to nontumourigenic cells.
additionally , bc patients with elevated levels of adar1 show low survival.
our findings provide insights into overlapping substrate preferences of adars and potential involvement of adar1 in bc.
we describe the design of a large-scale , stepped-wedge , cluster-randomized trial of the veteran-directed home- and community-based services ( vd-hcbs ) program.
services will be provided to community-dwelling participants with support from aging and disability network agencies.
learning healthcare systems facilitate diffusion of innovation while enabling rigorous evaluation of effects on patient outcomes.
the vha's randomized rollout of vd-hcbs to veterans at risk of nursing home placement is an example of how to achieve these goals simultaneously.
objective : to evaluate the association between thoracic kyphosis and physical function.
design : prospective cohort.
setting : framingham , massachusetts.
measurements : thoracic kyphosis ( cobb angle , t4-t12 ) was measured in degrees using supine ct scout images.
analyses were adjusted for age , height , weight , smoking , follow-up time , vertebral fractures , and prevalent spinal degeneration.
conclusion : in healthy relatively high-functioning women and men , kyphosis severity was not associated with subsequent physical function.
individuals at risk of functional decline cannot be targeted based on supine ct thoracic curvature measures alone.
design : multisite noninferiority prospective cohort study.
two specialist geriatricians assessed individuals sequentially referred for an acute care geriatric consultation.
setting : three acute care public hospitals in two australian states.
participants : admitted individuals referred for cga.
measurements : the primary decision subjected to this analysis was referral for permanent residential care.
geriatricians also recorded recommendations for referrals and variations for medication management and judgment regarding prognosis at discharge and after @number@ months.
the difference in agreement between the ftf-ftf and ol-ftf groups was @percent@ , indicating that there was no difference between the methods of assessment.
conclusion : geriatric assessment performed online using a nurse-administered structured cga system was no less reliable than conventional assessment in making clinical triage decisions.
purpose : to determine the vision status , ophthalmic findings , and quality of life among the very elderly.
methods : this was a cross-sectional observational study of individuals aged @number@ years and above.
a comprehensive ophthalmic exam was performed with mea surement of both the presenting ( pva ) and best-corrected visual acuity.
the quality of life short form-36 ( sf-36 ) and the visual function questionnaire ( vfq-25 ) were also administered.
pva and best-corrected visual acuity were normal ( ≥20 / 30 ) in @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) , respectively.
sf-36 scores were worse in those with low visual acuity , while vfq-25 domain scores were poorer in those with vision impairment / blindness.
this reinforces the need for regular ophthalmic care in elderly patients to improve their quality of life by optimizing vision.
importantly , oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans.
however , most lymphocytes reside in tissues.
it is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status.
overall , our results indicate that gut cd8 + t cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood.
compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well.
obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges in the world with childhood prevalence rates between 20-26% and numerous associated health risks.
of the original ubcs , n = @number@ children ( ~ @percent@ of the original sample ) and their parents participated in the 11-year follow-up.
partial least squares structural equation modeling ( pls-sem ) was used to predict children's bmi scores at age @number@
pls-sem explained @percent@ of the variance of bmi at age @number@ with bmi at age @number@ being the most important predictor.
since established overweight at age @number@ already predicts bmi scores at age @number@ longitudinally , obesity interventions should be implemented in early childhood.
older adults tend to require fewer energy content and higher levels of nutrients to promote and maintain optimal health.
regrettably , dietary variety and quality are known to decline with advancing age.
no recipes or advice on use of nuts were provided.
dietary intake was assessed by multiple unannounced 24-h telephone dietary recalls.
on average , walnut supplement consumption was @number@ g / d or 1171·5 kj ( @number@ kcal ) .
an estimated @number@ % of total energy and @number@ % of total fat from other food sources was displaced.
displacement of mufa and total pufa was @number@ and @number@ % , respectively.
purpose : to present four different cases with a diagnosed cemental tear.
the differences in aetiology , clinical diagnosis and treatment of cemental tears are described and discussed in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.
cases : four patients of different ages presented with gingival swelling and other different complaints.
clinically , localised deep periodontal pockets and inflammation were noted on affected aspects in four cases.
radiographic examination revealed a prickly or flakey structure and bone loss on the affected side of the involved tooth.
in the first two cases , teeth with cemental tear were extracted due to poor prognosis.
in case @number@ a periapical radiograph showed distal bone loss was interrupted , and the tooth also recovered normal mobility.
histopathological evaluation of the specimens with h & e staining all resulted in a definitive diagnosis of cemental / cementodentinal tears.
conclusions : cementodentinal or cemental tears are unique , localized , tooth-related factors associated with attachment loss.
aging , trauma and occlusal overload are the main aetiological factors.
early diagnosis and appropriate treatment will avoid unnecessary tooth extraction and result in a better prognosis.
chronic pain and itch are common hypersensitivity syndromes that are affected by endogenous mediators.
all of these mediators were confirmed to be abundant in rat and human skin by mass spectrometry.
the epigenetic modulation of cd20 coding gene ( background : living independently can be challenging for seniors.
aging is complex , dynamic and personal.
but how does this translate to seniors ' adoption and acceptance of technology ?
to better understand origins and consequences of technology acquirement by independent-living seniors , an explorative longitudinal qualitative field study was set up.
methods : home visits were made to @number@ community-dwelling seniors living in the netherlands , on three occasions ( 2012-2014 ) .
semi-structured interviews were conducted on the timeline of acquirements , and people and factors involved in acquirements.
additionally , participants were interviewed on experiences in using technologies since acquirement.
thematic analysis was employed to analyze interview transcripts , using a realist approach to better understand the contexts , mechanisms and outcomes of technology acquirements.
we found that externally driven and purely desire-driven acquirements led to a higher risk of suboptimal use and low levels of need satisfaction.
conclusions : technology acquirement by independent-living seniors may be best characterized as a heterogeneous process with many different origins , pathways and consequences.
background : while community-wide interventions to promote physical activity have been encouraged in older adults , evidence of their effectiveness remains limited.
four focus group interviews were conducted between april and june of @number@ at community halls in fujisawa city.
the participants in the focus group interviews were @number@ older adults with a mean age of @number@ years ( range : 66-86 ) .
the interviews were analysed using the constant comparative method in the grounded theory approach.
we used qualitative research software nvivo10® to track the coding and manage the data.
they felt socially connected and experienced a sense of security in the community through caring for others and supporting each other.
as the older adults began to seek value beyond individuals , they gradually expanded their communities beyond geographical and generational boundaries.
health promotion through physical activity is being increasingly emphasized.
the study results can help to develop effective physical activity programs for older adults in the community.
atherogenic dyslipidemia may play a relevant role , especially in t2dm women.
these same variables were also associated with the progression from background to proliferative rd.
the target area of the atr is south dakota and the four surrounding states : minnesota , iowa , north dakota , and nebraska.
enrollment of twins and higher-order multiples of all ages and their family members started on @date@ .
a description of the first @number@ months of enrollment in this longitudinal register will be provided.
the atr will collect longitudinal data on lifestyle , including diet and activity levels , aging , complex traits , and diseases.
in addition , the atr will address twin-specific questions.
higher cirs scores were associated with a lower treatment adherence ( p < @number@ ) and greater cognitive impairment ( p < @number@ ) .
the association of these discordant sbp targets with cognition and differences by race have not been systematically evaluated in the same population.
objectives : to assess the long-term outcomes of the various recommended sbp levels and to determine if racial differences exist based on long-term cognitive trajectories.
data analysis was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
mixed models assessed the association of sbp levels with 10-year cognitive trajectories.
the impact of race was tested using a race interaction term.
lower sbp treatment levels may result in improved cognition in black patients.
introduction : chronic diseases associated with aging , such as arthritis , frequently cause reduced mobility , pain and diminished quality of life.
this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between mobility and quality of life measures in the near elderly.
methods : a prospective observational study of persons aged 50-69 years was conducted.
we applied regression models controlling for demographic , health status and other factors to evaluate the association between 6mwd and eq-5d-5l.
results : of the @number@ participants analyzed in the study , @percent@ were male and the average age was @number@ years.
among persons with arthritis , the association between 6mwd and eq-5d-5l was slightly stronger.
conclusions : near elderly persons with better mobility had higher quality of life.
diseases that decrease mobility , such as arthritis , are likely to have a significant impact on quality of life.
distant metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer-related death ; however , effective therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis are still scarce.
this is largely attributable to the spatiotemporal intratumor heterogeneity during metastasis.
here we show that protein deacetylase sirt7 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer lung metastases in human and mice , and predicts metastasis-free survival.
sirt7 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell metastasis , while temporal expression of sirt7 inhibits metastasis in polyomavirus middle t antigen breast cancer model.
mechanistically , sirt7 deacetylates and promotes smad4 degradation mediated by β-trcp1 , and sirt7 deficiency activates transforming growth factor-β signaling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
significantly , resveratrol activates sirt7 deacetylase activity , inhibits breast cancer lung metastases , and increases survival.
here the authors report the role of sirt7 in inhibiting smad4-mediated breast cancer metastasis providing a possible therapeutic avenue.
quantitative proteomics employing mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool in life science research.
targeted proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach for reproducible quantification but is limited in the number of proteins quantified.
while previous swath-mass spectrometry studies have shown high intra-lab reproducibility , this has not been evaluated between labs.
using synthetic peptide dilution series , we show that the sensitivity , dynamic range and reproducibility established with swath-mass spectrometry are uniformly achieved.
here , using data generated by eleven groups worldwide , the authors show that swath-ms is capable of generating highly reproducible data across different laboratories.
graft-vs.-host disease ( gvhd ) is a major complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell ( hsc ) transplantation.
gvhd is associated with loss of endothelial thrombomodulin , but the relevance of this for the adaptive immune response to transplanted hscs remains unknown.
however , opportunities to improve health through re-employment or extending working lives are limited as later-life exits from employment are often unwanted and permanent.
conclusion : older people who are not in employment are at higher risk of poor physical and mental health.
interventions targeting psychosocial mechanisms such as social and mental engagement and self-esteem offer potentially valuable opportunities to improve health outcomes and promote successful ageing.
these reports provide conflicting results.
retrospective clinical and eeg data were retrieved from hospital archives or family documents.
patients underwent general and neurologic evaluation , and video-eeg recordings.
all available eegs were analyzed to compare evolution of spike-wave index ( swi ) over the years.
results : forty-six subjects aged 14-45years were included : @number@ from tertiary centers , @number@ from orsa meetings.
during childhood , 42 / 46 ( @percent@ ) had seizures , which improved over the years in all subjects.
among patients with epilepsy , 27 ( @percent@ ) became seizure-free at a median age of 10years and @number@ remained seizure-free even after antiepileptic withdrawal.
during childhood , 39 / 46 ( @percent@ ) had sleep disorders , which improved in 27 / 39 ( @percent@ ) over the years.
at ie , daily-living skills corresponded to age≤1.6years in 29 / 46 ( @percent@ ) .
electroencephalogram showed typical as patterns in 35 / 46 ( @percent@ ) .
in eegs recorded from @number@ patients , swi was not significantly different between infancy / childhood and adolescence / adulthood.
conclusion : improvement of epilepsy or sleep disorders should not disregard the clinical suspicion of as in adolescent or adult patients with suggestive features.
drug withdrawal might be considered in the management of epilepsy despite the persistence of epileptiform abnormalities.
background : behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) are prevalent in people with neurodegenerative diseases.
method : an a priori review protocol was developed ; @number@ of @number@ articles retrieved in the search were deemed eligible for review.
gough's weight of evidence framework and the cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias were used.
the findings from @number@ high quality / low bias articles are summarized.
conclusion : research and policy implications are relevant to the national plan to address alzheimer's disease.
also , the prevalence of epidemiologic research found an incidence of foot problems which is even higher as a consequence of increasing life expectation.
various mechanisms in the mammalian body provide resilience against food deprivation and dietary stress.
in addition to its activity as an energetic metabolite , bhb is increasingly understood to have cellular signaling functions.
demyelination in the central nervous system ( cns ) leads to severe neurological deficits that can be partially reversed by spontaneous remyelination.
because the cns is isolated from the peripheral milieu by the blood-brain barrier , remyelination is thought to be controlled by the cns microenvironment.
we further confirmed that human opcs expressed β-klotho and proliferated in response to fgf21 in vitro.
purpose : worldwide , the most frequent cause of visual impairment is uncorrected refractive error.
this analysis focused on the distribution and associations of refractive , corneal and ocular residual astigmatism.
methods : as part of the gutenberg health study , a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of germany.
a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including refraction , tonometry , and scheimpflug imaging of the anterior cornea ( pachycam ) was performed.
the distribution of refractive astigmatism showed a two-peak distribution with high astigmatism for with-the-rule and against-the-rule astigmatism.
the associated factors were corneal curvature , age and sex for the different astigmatisms ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : we analyzed the prevalence of different astigmatisms within a european population.
we confirmed a shift with aging from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism to refractive and corneal astigmatism.
astigmatism has a large impact on visual perception ; more than @percent@ of people with astigmatism over one diopter wore glasses for distance vision.
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases.
telomere shortening is linked to hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and cardiovascular diseases.
because these conditions are highly prevalent in osa , we hypothesized that telomere length ( tl ) would be reduced in osa patients.
we identified @number@ osa and @number@ non-osa subjects who underwent polysomnography evaluation.
quantitative pcr was used to measure telomere length in genomic dna isolated from peripheral blood samples.
the association between osa and tl was determined using unadjusted and adjusted linear models.
there was no difference in tl between the osa and non-osa ( control ) group.
here , we sought to investigate the concurrent and dynamic , lead-lag relationships among frontoparietal sc , fc , and reasoning ability in humans.
cross-sectionally , reasoning ability was most strongly related to fc between rlpfc and ipl in adolescents and adults , but to frontoparietal sc in children.
longitudinal analysis revealed that rlpfc-ipl sc , but not fc , was a positive predictor of future changes in reasoning ability.
background : little is known about how the proportions of dependency states have changed between generational cohorts of older people.
these studies were done two decades apart ( @number@ and @number@ ) .
general practices provided lists of individuals to be contacted and were asked to exclude those who had died or might die over the next month.
baseline interviews were done in the community and care homes.
participants were stratified by age , and interviews occurred only after written informed consent was obtained.
information collected included basic sociodemographics , cognitive status , urinary incontinence , and self-reported ability to do activities of daily living.
years in each dependency state were calculated by sullivan's method.
background : population is aging rapidly in europe.
these factors are key indicators of socio-ecological inequality.
they can be used to develop strategies to reduce country-level health disparity.
the objective of this study was to confirm the relationship between socio-ecological factors and ole in europe.
methods : data were obtained from world bank , who , and un database for @number@ europe countries.
associations between socio-ecological factors and ole were assessed with pearson correlation coefficients and three regression models.
hierarchal linear regression was used for final analysis.
socio-ecological indicators ( gii , gni , and dci ) in europe appear to have a latent effect on ole levels.
thus , country-level strategies of successful aging in europe should target socio-ecological factors such as gii , gni , and dci value.
background : whole genome and exome sequencing usually include reads containing mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) .
yet , state-of-the-art pipelines and services for human nuclear genome variant calling and annotation do not handle mitochondrial genome data appropriately.
this task is far from trivial , and can be prohibitive for non-bioinformaticians.
we observed that individuals over ~90 years old carried low levels of heteroplasmic variants in their genomes.
conclusions : sg-adviser mtdna is a fast and functional tool that allows for variant calling and annotation of human mtdna data coming from ngs experiments.
our objective is to provide an interface for non-bioinformaticians aiming to acquire ( or contrast ) mtdna annotations via mtoolbox.
sg-adviser web server is freely available to all users at @url@ .
the α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal is a ubiquitous and highly reactive metabolite known to be involved in aging- and diabetes-related diseases.
if not detoxified by the endogenous glyoxalase system , it exerts its detrimental effects primarily by reacting with biopolymers such as dna and proteins.
this novel metabolite is present at a concentration of 10%-20% of the methylglyoxal level in the blood of insulin-starved patients.
by employing a metabolite-alkyne-tagging strategy it is clarified that 3-hydroxyhexane-2 , 5-dione is further metabolized to non-glycating species in human blood.
we conducted a multicenter single masked randomized controlled trial that enrolled participants in @number@ and @number@ and followed them for an average of @number@ years.
physical activity dose was assessed by 7-day accelerometry and self-report at baseline and @number@ months.
we observed a dose-dependent effect of objectively monitored physical activity on physical functioning and onset of major mobility disability.
relatively small increases ( > @number@ minutes per week ) in regular physical activity participation had significant and clinically meaningful effects on these outcomes.
trial registration : clinicalstrials.gov nct00116194.
noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression in trained and untrained men.
to date , muscle fibers can only be characterized by actually obtaining a tissue sample using the invasive muscle biopsy procedure.
therefore , the purpose of this project was to examine the feasibility of using mmg and muscle performance measures to noninvasively assess muscle fiber characteristics.
fifteen men ( @number@ endurance-trained , @number@ weight-trained , and @number@ sedentary ) provided muscle samples from their vastus lateralis muscle.
these samples were analyzed for relative myosin heavy chain ( mhc ) protein expression , which is highly correlated with % muscle fiber type areas.
additionally , each subject performed several muscle performance tests , and mmg of the quadriceps was assessed during a knee extension exercise.
multiple regression was used to develop prediction equations for determining relative muscle content of mhc types i , iia , and iix.
a combination of mmg and knee extension performance variables estimated types i , iia , and iix mhcs with approximately @percent@ accuracy.
such methods could ultimately be used to noninvasively monitor muscle health and fitness.
methods : we adopted a case study design and included a sample of five patients.
we collected their basic demographic data , administered the camberwell assessment needs forensic short version and carried out in-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews.
results : results from the camberwell assessment needs forensic short version evidenced that met needs were more prevalent than unmet needs.
implications for clinical nursing forensic practitioners operating within different service frameworks are discussed.
a retrospective analysis of ivf results was conducted in @number@ patients aged @number@ to @number@ years.
a low ovarian reserve was found in the majority ( @percent@ ) of women in group iii and in all women in group iv.
however , at the same time , compared age groups had significant differences in the number of oocytes and embryos obtained.
with age , a significant reduction in the number of mature oocytes and embryos obtained after follicle puncture and fertilization has been identified.
the most promising in terms of pregnancy were the i and ii groups.
with age , the frequency of pregnancy decreased.
the number of pregnancies was statistically lower in the iii age group compared to groups i and ii.
in the iv group , no cases of pregnancy were recorded.
thus , it can be concluded that age is a statistically significant factor affecting the success of infertility treatment by ivf.
previous studies that have investigated the association between b-vitamin supplement use and risk for cataract yield conflicting results.
dietary supplement use and potential confounders were assessed using a questionnaire at baseline.
information on cataract diagnosis and extraction was obtained through linkage to registers.
during the follow-up period between @date@ and @date@ , we identified @number@ cataract cases ( @number@ for women and @number@ for men ) .
our results suggest that the use of high-dose b-vitamin supplements was associated with an increased risk for cataract.
this association might be confined to younger participants.
the revised dietary guideline index ( dgi-2013 ) scores individuals ' diets according to their compliance with the australian dietary guideline ( adg ) .
lower education , income , physical activity levels and smoking were associated with low scores.
after adjustments for confounders , high dgi-2013 scores were associated with lower hdl-cholesterol , lower waist : hip ratios and lower probability of being frail.
proxies of good health ( fewer co-morbidities and medications ) were not associated with better compliance to the adg.
however , in participants with a mediterranean background , low dgi-2013 scores were not generally associated with poorer health.
therefore , a link of ms with mitochondrial dysfunction has been suspected since long.
objective : to evaluate the association of measured and self-reported visual impairment ( vi ) with cognition in older us adults.
the nhanes was composed of a civilian , noninstitutionalized community , and the nhats comprised medicare beneficiaries in the contiguous united states.
vision was measured at distance , near , and by self-report in the nhanes and by self-report alone in the nhats.
sample weights were used to ensure result generalizability.
results : the nhanes comprised @number@ respondents aged @number@ years and older who completed the dsst measuring cognitive performance.
the nhats included @number@ @number@ respondents aged @number@ years and older with dementia status assessment.
the largest proportion ( @percent@ ; n = @number@ @number@ ) were between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
fifty-eight percent were women ( n = @number@ @number@ ) , and @percent@ were non-hispanic white ( n = @number@ @number@ ) .
near vi was associated with lower dsst scores but not higher odds of dsst impairment.
this was substantiated by a representative sample of us medicare beneficiaries using self-reported visual function , reinforcing the value of identifying patients with visual compromise.
further study of longitudinal interactions between vision and cognition is warranted.
the proportion of the elderly population in most countries worldwide is increasing dramatically.
therefore , social interest in the fields of health , longevity , and anti-aging has been increasing as well.
one compelling example of this is how our new approach can be a useful tool in drug repositioning.
low levels of physical activity ( pa ) are reported to contribute to the occurrence of non-communicable diseases over the life course.
although psychological factors have been identified as an important category concerning pa behavior , knowledge on psychological determinants of pa is still inconclusive.
a systematic online search was conducted on medline , isi web of science , scopus , and sportdiscus databases.
the search was limited to studies published in english from @date@ to @date@ .
slrs and meta-analyses ( mas ) of observational studies investigating the association of psychological variables and pa were considered eligible.
extracted data were evaluated based on importance of determinants , strength of evidence , and methodological quality.
the full protocol is available from prospero ( record id : crd42015010616 ) .
twenty reviews ( @number@ slrs and @number@ mas ) , mostly of moderate methodological quality , were found eligible.
finally , most psychological determinants should be considered within a larger framework of other multi-level determinants that may interact or mediate some of the effects.
malignant mesothelioma is a malignant tumor on the pleura or the peritoneum caused mostly by asbestos.
although asbestos is not currently used in south korea , the incidence of mesothelioma is increasing due to its long latent period.
this study predicted the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in south korea over the next @number@ years using an age-period-cohort ( apc ) model.
data regarding mesothelioma incidence from 1994-2013 were acquired from the korea central cancer registry ( kccr ) .
demographic data , including prospective resident data , were acquired from the korean statistical information service ( kosis ) for 1994-2033.
an apc model with møller's power-link function was utilized to predict the incidence of mesothelioma.
it was predicted that @number@ and @number@ new cases of mesothelioma in men and women , respectively , would occur over the next @number@ years.
the results of this study project a continuous increase in mesothelioma incidence in south korea over the next @number@ years.
background : leptin and adiponectin communicate with organ systems in order to regulate energetic and metabolic homeostasis.
using multiple linear mixed models , we evaluated the associations between hormones and metabolites.
results : leptin levels increased exponentially with increasing bmi.
insulin showed a similar association pattern , although the associations were less strong than for leptin.
adiponectin was neither related to bmi nor to any metabolite.
conclusion : although children were presumably metabolically similar , we found strong associations of insulin and leptin with the metabolite profile.
the only direct inhibitor of electromotility and the associated charge transfer is salicylate , possibly through direct interaction with an anion-binding site on prestin.
we recorded prestin activity by whole-cell patch clamping hek cells transiently expressing prestin and mouse outer hair cells.
we monitored the impact of diflunisal on the prestin-dependent non-linear capacitance and electromotility.
we conclude that diflunisal affects the cell membrane organization and inhibits prestin-associated charge transfer and electromotility at physiological chloride concentrations.
the inhibitory effects on hair cell function are noteworthy given the proposed use of diflunisal to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
methods : twenty-six male runners training for the @number@ olympics were recruited.
hr , v˙o2max , ventilation , and running economy were measured in @number@ @number@ and @number@
in @number@ @number@ of the original runners participated : three passed away between @number@ and @number@ and one declined to participate.
conclusion : our data suggest that higher initial fitness in younger years contributed to higher fitness with aging despite an expected age-related drop in fitness.
also , older adults could maintain high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness as they age.
expectations for fitness during aging should be more robust , especially because higher fitness could bolster quality of life.
a total of @number@ ra patients without known traditional cardiovascular risk factors were selected.
arterial stiffness was measured as cfpwv by noninvasive tonometry.
age , ra disease duration , and triglycerides were predictors of cfpwv in multivariate analyses.
the cumulative damage provided by ra was most pronounced in patients with disease duration ≥10 years.
this proposition rests on the observation of disproportionately greater age differences in memory for associations than in recognition of individual items.
although adh has been supported in experiments with verbal and nonverbal stimuli , the effects of task or stimulus characteristics on its generalizability remain unclear.
these findings indicate that age-related associative memory deficits may stem at least in part from age differences in use of stimulus characteristics for contextual support.
the ordinal levels of performance across different conditions argued against rule-complexity , as older adults showed greater deficits on less complex categories.
the data also provided evidence against rule-specificity , as single-dimensional rules could not explain age declines.
instead , computational modeling of the data indicated that older adults utilized fewer conceptual clusters of items in memory than did young adults.
( psycinfo database record the facilitation of word processing by sentence context reflects the interaction between the build-up of message-level semantics and lexical processing.
yet , little is known about how this effect varies through adulthood as a function of reading skill.
in this study , participants 18-64 years old with a range of literacy competence read simple sentences as their eye movements were monitored.
we manipulated the predictability of a sentence-final target word , operationalized as cloze probability.
first fixation durations showed an interaction between age and literacy skill , decreasing with age among more skilled readers but increasing among less skilled readers.
in absolute terms , readers were sensitive to predictability , regardless of age or literacy , in both early and later measures.
older readers showed differential contextual sensitivity in regression patterns , effects not moderated by literacy skill.
( psycinfo database record age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly.
atrophic amd , including early , intermediate and geographic atrophy ( ga ) , accounts for ~90% of all cases.
it is a multifactorial degeneration characterized by chronic inflammation , oxidative stress and aging components.
areas covered : underlying mechanisms that define atrophic amd will help provide novel therapeutic targets that will address this largely unmet clinical need.
the purpose of this paper is to review current promising drugs that are being evaluated in clinical trials.
because no pharmacological treatments are currently available for late stage of atrophic amd , any new therapy would have extensive market potential.
expert opinion : the number of amd patients is predicted to increase to ~30 million worldwide by @number@
in response to this enormous unmet clinical need , new promising therapies are being developed and evaluated in clinical trials.
significance : the incidence of cardiovascular events ( cves ) increases with age , representing the main cause of death in an elderly population.
recent advances : there is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status.
this imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction.
critical issues : antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease.
further , anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 1083-1124.
thus , targeting molecular mechanisms of aging may be a viable treatment approach.
caloric restriction prevents diseases of aging , including ad , in animal models , perhaps by activation of sirtuins.
we aimed at investigating risk of spcs after endometrial cancer in germany and sweden to provide insight into prevention strategies for spcs.
endometrial cancer patients diagnosed at age ≥15 years in germany during 1997-2011 and in sweden nationwide during 1997-2012 were selected.
among @number@ endometrial cancer survivors in germany and @number@ in sweden , overall @number@ and @number@ spcs were recorded , respectively.
we found exceptionally elevated risk of second ovarian endometrioid carcinoma after endometrial cancer of the same histology or of early onset.
risk for second kidney cancer was also increased , particularly after endometrial cancer of clear cell histology.
cancer prevention strategies should focus on these cancers after endometrial cancer diagnosis.
inter-organelle membrane contact sites ( mcss ) serve as unique microenvironments for the sensing and exchange of cellular metabolites and lipids.
though poorly defined , er-endolysosomal contact sites are quickly becoming recognized as centers for inter-organelle lipid exchange and metabolic decision-making.
the incidence of acute kidney injury in the elderly has grown over the past decade.
specific drug classes are associated with increased rates of kidney injury including agents that block the renin angiotensin system , antimicrobials , and chemotherapeutic agents.
mechanistically , injury may be due to hemodynamic effects , tubular or glomerular toxicity , and interstitial nephritis.
early recognition of nephrotoxicity is critical , as are preventative steps when applicable.
unfortunately , treatment for established drug-induced kidney injury is limited and supportive care is required.
limiting exposure to nephrotoxic drugs is critical in decreasing the incidence of acute kidney injury in the elderly patient.
other factors such as age , sex , comorbidity , physical function , cognitive function , and oral intake level were also assessed.
introduction : dysphagia is common in people living with dementia and associated with increased risk of aspiration pneumonia , dehydration , malnutrition , and death.
treatment options are limited and the use of texture-modified food and fluids ( tmf ) is a widespread clinical practice.
this review aimed to evaluate the evidence for tmf in dementia.
studies were assessed for suitability , then reviewed with data extracted , and grouped by categories of outcome measures.
results : a total of @number@ publications were identified , and @number@ studies met the inclusion criteria.
studies were heterogeneous in design and methodology.
there were no publications examining dementia exclusively ; however , many subjects with dementia were included in studies of residential aged care facilities.
tmf reduced the risk of aspiration seen on videofluoroscopy but not clinical aspiration and pneumonia.
tmf was associated with lower daily energy and fluid intake and variable adherence.
adverse effects including poorer energy and fluid intake were identified.
background : sarcopenia is a multifactorial geriatric syndrome with complex interrelationships.
increased plasma levels of inflammatory mediators increase the catabolic stimuli of the musculature , thereby causing a decrease in mass and muscular function.
plasma levels of stnfr1 were higher for non-sarcopenics elderlies.
however , due to the observational nature of the study , it was impossible to infer causality among the variables surveyed.
methods : one hundred subjects aged 65-84 years participated in the study.
they were classified into four groups ranging from normal hearing to moderate-to-severe hearing loss.
all the participants were tested for speech perception in quiet and noisy conditions and for speech perception with time alteration in quiet conditions.
forward- and backward-digit span tests were also conducted to measure the participants ' working memory.
results : @number@ ) as the level of background noise increased , speech perception scores systematically decreased in all the groups.
this pattern was more noticeable in the three hearing-impaired groups than in the normal hearing group.
@number@ ) as the speech rate increased faster , speech perception scores decreased.
a significant interaction was found between speed of speech and hearing loss.
in particular , @percent@ of compressed sentences revealed a clear differentiation between moderate hearing loss and moderate-to-severe hearing loss.
we expect these results to be applied to appropriate rehabilitation strategies for hearing-impaired elderly who experience difficulty in communication.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted , enrolling @number@ community-dwelling and @number@ hospital-checkup elderly han chinese males aged ≥50 years.
all subjects completed a structured questionnaire and had their bone mineral density ( bmd ) measured using dxa.
using logistic regression analysis in the @number@ community-dwelling males , we assessed the ability of numerous potential clinical risk factors to identify male with osteoporosis.
of the items screened in the questionnaire , weight , height and previous history of fragility fracture were predictive of osteoporosis.
a final tool ( bfh-ostm ) was based on body weight and fragility fracture history only.
the predictive value of bfh-ostm was validated in the @number@ hospital-checkup population , which performed better than osta.
background : patients aged @number@ years and older have important oral health needs , but their oral management may differ according to their immediate environment.
it consists of two sections , one centered on disability and health among home-dwellers and the other on patients living in an institution.
results : although visits to physicians and specialists were frequent , visits to dentists were lower in both populations.
while a minority of patients forwent care , it was dental care that was mainly forgone by both home-dwellers and institutionalized patients.
the cost factor remained the principal reason , but other factors such as fear or accessibility problems were cited.
perceived state of oral health remained difficult to interpret.
better information must be associated with regular clinical examination.
since then at least @number@ members of this family have been identified in mammals.
a kaplan-meier survival analysis was conducted to examine increases in care needs over time in months.
cox regression models were used to examine the effects of dementia and living alone on care needs increases.
among these variables , dementia had the strongest impact on care needs increases , especially in persons who lived alone.
this article investigates the associations between the patient-centered care ( pcc ) and receipt of preventive services among older adults with chronic diseases.
data were derived from the nationally representative medical expenditure panel survey.
the full-year consolidated data files from @number@ to @number@ were pooled to yield a final analytic sample ( n = @number@ @number@ ) .
study outcomes included the receipt of @number@ types of preventive screenings and @number@ types of health education services.
prevalence rates for each outcome variable were calculated.
we estimated odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions , comparing the likelihood of outcome variables across @number@ groups of patients.
adjusting for covariates , the pcc group was more likely than the non-pcc group to receive @number@ types of preventive services.
the partial pcc group had a greater likelihood than the non-pcc group of receiving @number@ types of preventive services.
our study reveals significant associations between pcc and receipt of preventive services.
pcc has demonstrated the potential to improve preventive care for older adults with chronic diseases.
here we test segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy ( s-bis ) to assess muscle intracellular mass and composition.
s-bis can evaluate electrical properties that may be related to muscle force production.
muscle fiber membranes separate the intracellular components from the extracellular environment and consist of lipid bilayers which act as an electrical capacitor.
indices of extracellular ( noncontractile ) and cellular ( contractile ) compartments in skeletal muscle tissues were determined using the cole-cole plot from s-bis measures.
difficulty of swallowing , called dysphagia , leads to aspiration pneumonia which is particularly a big health concern in aging societies.
therefore , prevention and treatment of dysphagia would contribute to extending healthy-life and qol of elderly people and decreasing healthcare cost.
robotics technologies are expected as one of the effective methods to solve the problem in terms of detecting malfunction in swallowing and recovering swallowing function.
measurement of mmg signal during voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps brachii muscle was conducted to confirm whether pvdf film can detect mmg signal.
in the experiment , surface electromyography ( semg ) was also measured as a reference to estimate muscle activity for comparison.
then , activities of swallowing muscles during normal swallowing with different volume of bolus were measured using mmg signal.
as the result , it was confirmed that swallowing activity can be quantified by the detected mmg signal from different region of neck.
an estimated @number@ million americans had alzheimer's disease in @number@
caregivers often suffer from depression and neglect their own health in order to care for their loved one.
the chorioretinal junction comprises the retinal pigment epithelium , bruch's membrane ( bm ) , and adjacent choroidal capillaries.
its significance lies in its ability to support the retina mechanically and metabolically.
this study included light microscopy , with hematoxylin and eosin and pas stains , and fluorescent microscopy.
immunohistochemistry was done using antibodies against neurofilament , synaptophysin , s-100 , and collagen iv.
the descriptive microanatomy was corroborated by morphometry.
the amount of melanin and lipofuscin granule and drusens were noted.
complete hyalinization of intercapillary pillars was seen in the 10th decade.
the accumulation of lipofuscin with age was documented with the diminution in the size of epithelial cells.
the subepithelial accumulation of drusen was first noted in the specimen from the late 60s.
we have described all senescent changes in the chorioretinal junction chronologically.
similar changes are found in a more pronounced form in age-related macular degeneration.
these data might serve as a reference baseline for clinicians and pathologists.
however , the association between purpose in life and objective physical function has not been examined.
data analysis was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
many methods have since extended this approach to various situations.
moreover , if the causal snps are not genotyped , gcta sometimes greatly underestimates the true heritability.
additionally , herra is applicable to time-to-event or age-at-onset outcome , which , to our knowledge , no existing method can handle.
herra yields over @percent@ increase in heritability estimate compared to gcta or ldak.
this essay will briefly sketch historical changes in the framing of dementia since the late nineteenth century.
caregiving came to seem less important than research aimed at a cure , and the stigma surrounding dementia has , if anything , increased.
supporting people living with dementia in maintaining selfhood , relationships , and well-being requires seeing beyond the common negative focus on disability.
in this paper , we highlight qualitative research on dementia involving people living with dementia as active participants.
a total of @number@ relevant medical records was detected.
patients aging between @number@ and @number@ consisted of @percent@ of the sample.
males were more affected than females ( @percent@ ) .
background : the sustainability of long-term care ( ltc ) is a prominent policy priority in many western countries.
ltc is one of the most pressing fiscal issues for the growing population of elderly people in the european union ( eu ) member states.
country recommendations regarding ltc are prominent under the eu's european semester.
methods : this paper examines challenges related to the financial- and organizational sustainability of ltc systems in the eu.
our exploration of national policies illustrates different solutions that attempt to promote fairness while stimulating efficient delivery of services.
important steps must be taken to address the sustainability of ltc.
second , informal care externalities with spill-over into neighboring policy areas , the labor force , and formal ltc workers , should be properly addressed.
thirdly , innovations in ltc services should be stimulated to increase productivity through technology and process innovations , and to reduce costs.
it also shows the usefulness to learn from policy design and implementation of ltc policy in other countries , within and outside the eu.
researchers can contribute by studying conditions , under which the strategies explored might deliver solutions for policy-makers.
background : ageing has become a serious challenge in hong kong and globally.
it has serious implications for health expenditure , which accounts for nearly @percent@ of overall government expenditure.
here we assess the contribution of ageing and related factors to hospitalisation days in hong kong.
we used hospital discharge data from all publicly funded hospitals in hong kong between @number@ and @number@
results : during the decreasing period of hospitalisation days ( 2001-2004 ) , the reduction of los contributed to about @percent@ of the reduction.
projected increases in total hospitalisation days under different scenarios have highlighted that the contribution of ageing will become even more prominent after @number@
conclusion : hong kong is facing increasing healthcare burden caused by the rapid increase in demand for inpatient services due to ageing.
the results would be relevant to many rapidly ageing societies in this region.
in the 1990s , however , mortality rates decreased for these countries , an outcome related to early detection of the disease.
conversely , an upward trend in mortality rates was observed in brazil.
the effects on mortality rates were examined using age-period-cohort ( apc ) models.
results : crude and standardized mortality rates showed an upward trend for brazil and its regions more than 2-fold the last @number@ years.
age effects showed an increased risk of death in all regions.
period effects showed a higher risk of death in the finals periods for the north and northeast.
the differences in mortality rates and apc effects between regions are related to demographic differences and access of health services across the country.
we show that bap1 loss follows m3 occurrence and correlates with a global dna methylation state that is distinct from d3-um.
poor-prognosis m3-um divide into subsets with divergent genomic aberrations , transcriptional features , and clinical outcomes.
we report change-of-function srsf2 mutations.
background : leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation.
it is also an important etiological factor of consequent cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders.
aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia.
hyperleptinemia , on the other hand , may promote the development of age-related abnormalities.
while major weight loss has been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperleptinemia , obese people show a poor tendency to achieve lasting success in this field.
the question arises whether training intervention per se is able to reduce the level of this adipokine.
in the studies that were included in our analysis , changes of adiponectin levels ( when present ) were also evaluated.
data sources : @number@ records were identified through searching of pubmed , embase and cochrane library database.
altogether @number@ articles were suitable for analyses.
statistical methods : we used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the dersimonian and laird weighting methods.
i-squared indicator and q test were performed to assess heterogeneity.
to assess publication bias egger's test was applied.
in case of significant publication bias , the duval and tweedie's trim and fill algorithm was used.
resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone.
conclusions : physical training , especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss.
suicide remains a clear , present and increasing public health problem , despite being a potentially preventable tragedy.
its incidence is particularly high in people with overt or un ( der ) diagnosed psychiatric disorders.
such markers may reflect and / or be a proxy for the core biology of suicide.
we were successful in this endeavor , using a comprehensive stepwise approach , leading to a wealth of findings.
such subtypes may delineate groups of individuals that are more homogenous in terms of suicidality biology and behavior.
we also studied a more personalized approach , by psychiatric diagnosis and gender , with a focus on bipolar males , the highest risk group.
such a personalized approach may be more sensitive to gender differences and to the impact of psychiatric co-morbidities and medications.
in particular , lhfp appears to be a strong predictor for suicidality in males with depression.
we obtained area under the curves of @percent@ for si and @percent@ for future hospitalizations in independent cohorts.
step @number@ was to move beyond diagnostics and mechanistical risk assessment , towards providing a foundation for personalized therapeutics.
items scored positive in the cfi-s and subtypes identified by sass in different individuals provide targets for personalized ( psycho ) therapy.
such biomarkers merit evaluation in clinical trials.
this review article aims to provide a practical guide to anesthetic management of elderly outpatients.
the role of anesthesiologists as perioperative physicians is important for optimizing surgical outcomes for elderly patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.
the implementation of high-quality , evidence-based perioperative care programs for the elderly on an ambulatory basis has assumed increased importance.
optimal management of perioperative pain using opioid-sparing multimodal analgesic techniques and preventing ponv using prophylactic antiemetics are key elements for achieving enhanced recovery after surgery.
conclusions : in denmark , birth season and birth year cohort effects influenced timing and risk of antibiotic prescribing during infancy.
however , how the extracellular amino acids reach the lysosomal lumen and activate mtorc1 remains unclear.
here , we show that amino acid uptake by dynamin-dependent endocytosis plays a critical role in mtorc1 activation.
consistently , the recruitment of mtorc1 to the lysosome was suppressed by the dynamin inhibition.
we further show that endocytosis inhibition does not induce autophagy even though mtorc1 inactivation is known to strongly induce autophagy.
here , we show that s100a4 is a novel biomarker of gscs.
s100a4 aging , though an inevitable part of life , is becoming a worldwide social and economic problem.
healthy aging is usually marked by low probability of age related disorders.
good therapeutic approaches are still in need to cure age related disorders.
occurrence of more than one ard in an individual , expresses the need of discovery of such target proteins , which can affect multiple ards.
in this study , we designed and executed an approach to prioritize drugs that may target multiple age related disorders.
we assume that the identified molecular determinants may be prioritized for further screening as novel drug targets to cure multiple ards.
the tool is freely made available at @url@
methods : men who resided in the united states , canada , and mexico were enrolled from @number@ to @number@
additional comorbid ejds ( ie , anejaculation , perceived decrease in ejaculate volume , and decreased force of ejaculation ) were recorded.
men with premature ejaculation were excluded from this analysis.
ielt and melt were compared between men self-reporting de and men without de.
the associations of ielt and melt with serum testosterone were measured.
outcomes : ielt , melt , and total testosterone levels.
estimated median ielts were @number@ minutes for de vs @number@ minutes for no de ( p < @number@ ) .
estimated median melts were @number@ minutes for de vs @number@ minutes for no de ( p < @number@ ) .
ejaculation time was not associated with serum testosterone levels.
younger men and those with less severe erectile dysfunction had longer ielts and melts.
strengths and limitations : this large systematic analysis attempted to objectively assess the ejaculation latency in men with self-reported de.
morgentaler a , polzer p , althof s , et al.
delayed ejaculation and associated complaints : relationship to ejaculation times and serum testosterone levels.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 1116-1124.
neuroinflammation- and neurodegeneration-induced nerve injury may represent important components of neuropsychiatric lupus ( npsle ) .
myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor ( nogo ) -a and its receptor , ngr1 , limit recovery of the adult central nervous system after injury.
we detected a soluble nogo-a product in the cerebral spinal fluid of patients with npsle.
treatment with the nogo-66 antagonist promoted myelin repair , improved cognition and memory , and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors.
our data imply the nogo-a / ngr1 pathway is involved in npsle.
the rate of increase in aortic stiffness with normal aging has been previously described.
however , longitudinal changes in aortic stiffness have not been characterized in ctd patients.
we examined longitudinal changes in cmr-derived aortic stiffness in children and young adults with ctds.
longitudinal changes in parameters were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.
aortic strain and distensibility decreased with age , whereas the β stiffness index increased at all aortic segments.
the average rates of decline in distensibility ( @date@ objective : to determine age-based criteria for polycystic ovary morphology.
design : cross-sectional , case-control design.
setting : outpatient setting.
intervention ( s ) : subjects underwent a pelvic ultrasound documenting ovarian volume and maximum follicle number in a single plane.
data from a second cohort confirmed the need to decrease volume and follicle number with increasing age to diagnose pcos.
polycystic ovary morphology was most accurate at predicting the pcos diagnosis for women ages 30-39 years.
conclusion ( s ) : the ovarian volume and follicle number threshold to define polycystic ovary morphology should be lowered starting at age @number@
the aim of this study was to assess baseline predictors of how objectively measured physical activity changes with time in older people.
methods : longitudinal cohort study using data from the physical activity cohort scotland.
a sample of community-dwelling older people aged @number@ and over were recruited in 2009-2011 , then followed up 2-3 years later.
physical activity was measured using stayhealthy rt3 accelerometers over @number@ days.
results : follow up data were available for @number@ of the original @number@ participants.
the mean age was @number@ years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were female and mean follow up time was @number@ months.
this study will evaluate my tools @number@ care ( mt4c ) by asking the following research questions : @number@
does use of mt4c help carers of community-dwelling older adults with adrd and mcc deal with significant changes they experience as carers ? and @number@
are the effects / benefits of the mt4c intervention achieved at no additional cost compared to an educational control group ?
general estimating equations will be used to determine differences between groups and over time.
discussion : data collection began in ontario and alberta canada in @date@ and is expected to be completed in @date@ .
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02428387.
a small percentage of women with cervical hpv infection progress to cervical neoplasia , and the risk factors determining progression are incompletely understood.
we sought to define the genetic loci involved in cervical neoplasia and to assess its heritability using unbiased unrelated case / control statistical approaches.
furthermore , @percent@ ( standard error @percent@ ) of liability of hpv-associated cervical pre-cancer and cancer is determined by common genetic variants.
future studies should examine genetic risk prediction in assessing the risk of cervical neoplasia further , in combination with other screening methods.
objectives : cochlear implants have been used for many years for bilateral profound hearing loss.
general longevity has continued to increase and , therefore , the age at which cochlear implants are placed has concomitantly increased.
our purpose is to determine whether outcomes and complications are significantly different in the elderly.
study design : retrospective , clinical review.
setting : tertiary referral center , primarily ambulatory setting.
patients : one hundred and one patients with moderate-to-profound hearing loss who ranged in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
intervention : all patients received either a unilateral or bilateral multichannel cochlear implant.
the change in hearing in noise testing and azbio testing between pre and postimplantation was evaluated in each group.
main outcome measures : primary outcome measures include preimplant and postimplant hearing in noise test ( hint ) and / or azbio speech perception testing.
preimplant hint / azbio was compared with postimplant hint / azbio for each patient and between the two groups.
in addition , we reviewed the comorbidities between the two groups as well as complication rates between less than @number@ and more than @number@ group.
results : both the younger and the older group demonstrated a significant improvement in postimplant hint and / or azbio scores.
although , more than @number@ yo group had significantly more comorbidities , the complication rates between the groups were insignificant.
there was no shown association of specific comorbidities to complications between the two groups.
conclusions : both older and younger patients can receive a significant improvement in speech perception with cochlear implantation.
identifying and intervening with older drivers at increased crash risk is an important aspect of preventive medicine.
the authors discuss the specific driving risks adults face as they age and how nurses can raise older patients ' awareness of these risks.
objective : to determine the association of gender with the presentation , outcome , and host response in critically ill patients with sepsis.
design and setting : a prospective observational cohort study in the icu of two tertiary hospitals between @date@ and @date@ .
patients : all consecutive critically ill patients admitted with sepsis , involving @number@ admissions ( @number@ patients ) .
measurements and main results : sepsis patients admitted to the icu were more frequently males ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ vs females ) .
baseline characteristics were not different between genders.
urosepsis was more common in females ; endocarditis and mediastinitis in men.
disease severity was similar throughout icu stay.
more than @percent@ of the leukocyte blood gene expression response was similar in male and female patients.
conclusions : the host response and outcome in male and female sepsis patients requiring icu admission are largely similar.
design : randomized clinical trial.
setting : primary care clinics at a veterans affairs medical center.
these data serve as input for automated algorithms identifying medication reconciliation discrepancies , potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) , and potentially inappropriate regimens.
clinician feedback reports summarize discrepancies and provide recommendations for deprescribing.
patient feedback reports summarize discrepancies and self-reported medication problems.
secondary : changes in medications.
results : @percent@ of trim participants and @percent@ of control participants provided the highest pacic ratings ; this difference was not significant.
trim was significantly associated with correction of medication discrepancies but had no effect on number of medications or reduction in pims.
conclusion : trim improved communication about medications and accuracy of documentation.
although there was no association with prescribing , the small sample size provided limited power to examine medication-related outcomes.
methods : we evaluated @number@ patients ( @number@ knees ) who were undergoing bilateral tka performed by a single surgeon.
median follow up time was 115months ( range , 60-211months ) for a minimum of five years.
however , no significant correlations were found between the other factors above and bmd for continuous and discrete variables.
based on multivariate analyses , only bw had a significant effect on bmd ( β = 0.342 , p = 0.003 ) .
conclusions : bw is the most impact factor on the proximal tibial bmd after mid- to long-term follow up tka.
therefore , the management of bw may contribute to prevention of decline of tibial bmd for tka patients owing to aging.
the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) , which saves the brain from toxic substances , is formed by endothelial cells.
it is mainly composed of tight junction ( tj ) proteins existing between endothelial cells.
estrogen is an important regulatory hormone of bbb permeability.
it protects the bbb before menopause , but may increase bbb permeability with aging.
in addition , nitric oxide modulates bbb permeability.
alcohol impairs the integrity of the bbb with oxidants and inflammatory mediators such as inos.
in vitro bbb model is created with huvec / c6 ( rat glioma cells ) co-culture.
the effect of 17β-estradiol on ethanol-induced bbb disruption and change / or increase of inos activity , which modulate bbb integrity , were evaluated.
our results revealed that 17β-estradiol treatment before and after ethanol decrease expression of occludin and claudin-1 and value of teer which are bbb disrupt indicators.
in addition , ethanol and 17β-estradiol separately and pre- and post-ethanol 17β-estradiol treatment increased inos expression.
we think that beneficial effects of 17β-estradiol may be through erα but it needs further studies.
the genetic and environmental impacts on correlations between hearing and cognitive functions have not been well studied.
cognitive function was evaluated by the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) .
bivariate twin models were fitted to quantify the genetic and environmental components of the correlations between hearing and cognitive functions.
we found no significant genetic correlations between low as well as high frequencies of hearing and cognition.
the middle frequencies of hearing and cognitive functions may have a shared genetic basis.
low frequencies of hearing and cognition may share similar common and unique environmental factors.
at @number@ khz , the high frequency of hearing and cognition may share similar common environment.
this twin study detected a significant genetic and environmental basis in the phenotype correlation between cognition and hearing , which differed across frequencies.
results : the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease per @number@ increased with increasing age.
although only @percent@ of the cases were in those aged ≥65 years , they accounted for @percent@ of the deaths.
the case fatality rate increased with increasing age , from @percent@ for those aged 17-54 years to @percent@ for those aged ≥75 years.
the rate of meningitis decreased with increasing age , as did admission to intensive care and use of mechanical ventilation.
replacement with non-vaccine serotypes constituted approximately @percent@ of the cases.
conclusions : the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease is highest in the very elderly , and manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease are influenced by age.
we examined the perceptions that older adults living with hiv have about protecting and improving brain health and cognition through lifestyle behaviors.
an open-coding scheme using conventional content analysis was employed.
two results were found.
first , many older adults with hiv in our study expressed a variety of cognitive complaints that interfered with daily function.
second , these participants reported few specific ideas about how such health behaviors were important to their own brain health and cognition.
education interventions may help older adults with hiv learn to improve and protect brain health and cognition as they age.
aging is the single greatest risk factor for the development of disease.
understanding the biological molecules and mechanisms that modulate aging is therefore critical for the development of health-maximizing interventions for older people.
the effect of fats on longevity has traditionally been disregarded as purely detrimental.
however , new studies are starting to uncover the possible beneficial effects of lipids working as signaling molecules on health and longevity.
these studies highlight the complex links between aging and lipid signaling.
objective : brain arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) are the most common cause of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults.
the genesis of brain avm remains enigmatic.
we investigated microrna ( mirna ) expression and its contribution to the pathogenesis of brain avms.
methods : we used a large-scale mirna analysis of @number@ samples including avms , hemangioblastoma , and controls to identify a distinct avm mirna signature.
migration , tube formation , and cck-8-induced proliferation assays were used to test the effect of the mirnas on phenotypic properties of avmsmcs.
a quantitative proteomics approach was used to identify protein expression changes in avmsmcs treated with mirna mimics.
results : a distinct avm mirna signature comprising a large portion of lowly expressed mirnas was identified.
among these mirnas , mir-137 and mir-195 levels were significantly decreased in avms and constituent avmsmcs.
ann neurol @number@ ; 82 : 371-384.
a markov model was used to forecast nafld disease progression.
incidence of nafld was based on historical and projected changes in adult prevalence of obesity and type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) .
assumptions were derived from published literature where available and validated using national surveillance data for incidence of nafld-related hcc.
projected changes in nafld-related cirrhosis , advanced liver disease , and liver-related mortality were quantified through @number@
incidence of decompensated cirrhosis will increase @percent@ to @number@ cases by @number@ while incidence of hcc will increase by @percent@ to @number@ cases.
liver deaths will increase @percent@ to an estimated @number@ deaths in @number@
during 2015-2030 , there are projected to be nearly @number@ excess liver deaths.
strategies to slow the growth of nafld cases and therapeutic options are necessary to mitigate disease burden.
( hepatology @number@ ; 67 : 123-133 ) .
none : cancer cells display altered glucose metabolism characterized by a preference for aerobic glycolysis.
the aerobic glycolytic phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is often correlated with tumor progression and poorer clinical outcomes.
however , the issue of whether glycolytic metabolism influences metastasis in hcc remains unclear.
the tug1 / mir-455-3p / ampkβ2 axis regulates cell growth , metastasis , and glycolysis through regulation of hexokinase @number@ ( hk2 ) .
tug1 is clearly associated with hk2 overexpression and unfavorable prognosis in hcc patients.
( hepatology @number@ ; 67 : 188-203 ) .
design : population-based observational study.
setting : surveillance , epidemiology , and end results cancer data linked with medicare claims.
participants : adults aged @number@ and older with kidney cancer treated surgically from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
multivariable , mixed-effects models were used to identify associated participant and hospital characteristics , examine trends over time , and characterize hospital-level variation.
results : geriatric consultation occurred rarely in the perioperative period ( @percent@ ) .
medical comanagement ( @percent@ ) , inpatient pt / ot ( @percent@ ) , and postacute pt / ot ( @percent@ ) occurred more frequently.
use of geriatric consultation increased modestly in the latter years of the study period ( p < @number@ ) .
cutaneous adverse drug reactions comprise a significant proportion of all adverse drug reactions.
they may mimic other dermatologic or systemic illnesses and may cause significant morbidity or mortality.
drug reactions may have significant downstream consequences for the older individual.
background : the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties ( ac drugs ) has been associated with decreased functioning and impaired cognition in older adults.
studies assessing the association between ac-drug use and health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) show conflicting results.
objective : the aim was to evaluate the association between ac-drug use and hrqol in community-dwelling older adults.
methods : the nuage cohort study enrolled @number@ men and women aged 68-82 years.
ac-drug exposure was assessed using the anticholinergic cognitive burden scale ( acbs ) .
the association between ac drug and hrqol was determined by a mixed model analysis using four annual time points.
the mean pcs and mcs ( / 100 ) scores were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ respectively.
however , the effects on the pcs and mcs were small and likely not clinically relevant.
as a result , oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes , including cardiovascular disease and aging.
the best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid.
these oxylipins generally increase inflammation , hypertension , and platelet aggregation , although not universally.
similarly , oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects.
in summary , oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.
these cells are found in specialized niches that regulate quiescence , activation , differentiation , and cell fate choice.
a key aspect of the regulatory niche is the vascular plexus , which modulates nsc behavior during tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
during aging , nscs become depleted and dysfunctional , resulting in reduced neurogenesis and poor brain repair.
furthermore , many aging-related disorders are associated with inflammation.
the tumor suppressor protein p53 has a variety of roles in responses to various stress signals.
since p53 has been identified as the most frequently altered gene in human cancers , regulation and stabilization of its normal functions are important.
stability of p53 is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ( upp ) .
furthermore , it is readjusted by deubiquitination via deubiquitinating enzymes ( dubs ) that can eliminate ubiquitin from p53.
diverse dubs directly or indirectly affect the ubiquitination of p53 and , consequently , regulate various cellular processes associated with p53.
as maintenance of p53 is regulated by a variety of dubs , the interaction of dubs and p53 can affect diseases such as cancer.
currently , dubs have a central role in our understanding of various cancers , and some have potential in the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
this review summarizes the current knowledge of p53 and of the interconnection between p53 and dubs.
despite the widespread use of glucocorticoids ( gcs ) , their anti-inflammatory effects are not understood mechanistically.
numerous investigations have examined the effects of glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) activation prior to inflammatory challenges.
however , clinical situations are emulated by a gc intervention initiated in the midst of rampant inflammatory responses.
the late activation of gr had a similar gene-expression profile as from gr pre-activation , while ameliorating the disruption of metabolic genes.
chromatin occupancy of gr was not predictive of dex-regulated gene expression , contradicting the \ "trans-repression by tethering \ " model.
rather , gr activation resulted in genome-wide blockade of nf-κb interaction with chromatin and directly induced inhibitors of nf-κb and ap-1.
our investigation using gc treatments with clinically relevant timing highlights mechanisms underlying gr actions for modulating the \ "inflamed epigenome. \ "
background : clostridium difficile infection has emerged as a major public health problem in the united states over the last @number@ decades.
we examined the trends in the c. difficile-associated fatality rate , hospital length of stay , and hospital charges over the last decade.
methods : we used data from the national inpatient sample to identify patients with a principal diagnosis of c. difficile infection from @number@ to @number@
outcomes included in-hospital fatality rate , hospital length of stay , and hospital charges.
for each outcome , trends were also stratified by age categories because the risk of infection and associated mortality increases with age.
results : clostridium difficile infection discharges increased from @number@ per @number@ persons in @number@ to @number@ per @number@ persons in @number@
clostridium difficile-associated fatality decreased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
among patients aged 45-64 years , fatality decreased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
among patients aged 65-84 years , fatality decreased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
among patients aged ≥85 years , fatality decreased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the mean length of hospital stay decreased from @number@ days in @number@ to @number@ days in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the risk of pneumococcal infections in celiac disease.
using number of events in celiac patients and referent patients , we calculated a summary relative risk of pneumococcal infections.
all analyses were conducted in comprehensive meta-analysis software using random-effects assumptions.
each compared patients with celiac disease and confirmed pneumococcal infection to a specific reference group : inpatients and / or the general population.
however , the number of available donor hscs is often too low for successful transplantation.
expansion of hscs and thus hsc self-renewal ex vivo would greatly improve transplantation therapy in the clinic.
in vivo , hscs expand significantly in the niche , but establishing protocols that result in hsc expansion ex vivo remains challenging.
hypertension prevalence was @percent@ in older adults ( 50-plus years ) and @percent@ in younger adults ( 18-49 years ) .
overall , @percent@ of participants had salt intakes above @number@ g / day.
potassium intakes were generally low ( median @number@ mmol / day ) with significantly lower intakes in rural areas and older adults.
overall , @percent@ of adults failed to meet the daily potassium recommendation of @number@ mmol / d.
interventions to increase potassium intakes alongside sodium reduction initiatives may be warranted.
participants performed the wingate anaerobic test ( want ) before and after a 13-week csrt program ( three sessions per week ) .
blood samples were collected at rest , after warm-up , immediately post-want , and @number@ min post-want.
csrt induced increases in gh at rest and in response to the want in yt and mat ( p < 0.05 ) .
csrt-induced increases were observed for igf-1 and igfbp-3 at rest in mat only ( p < 0.05 ) .
post-training , yt and mat had comparable basal gh ( p > 0.05 ) .
in addition , csrt reduces the normal age-related decline of somatotropic hormones in middle-age men.
separating these components may be useful for deciphering the genetic variation in age-related memory abilities.
conditional analyses indicate gwas signals on rdr level were driven by apoe , whereas signals on ir change were driven by tomm40.
additionally , we found that tomm40 had effects independent of apoe e4 on both phenotypes.
introduction : aging has long been regarded as one of the most critical factors affecting crash injury outcomes.
in this research , the confounding effect of occupant age in a vehicle in terms of seat position and seatbelt use was investigated.
methods : a multinomial logit framework was adopted to predict two-level injury severity using collision data between @number@ and @number@
results : with no interacting term , age was the most prominent predictor.
front passenger seats had the highest risk to elderly occupants , while the driver seat was statistically insignificant.
in particular , older drivers were five times more likely to suffer a severe injury without a seatbelt.
our results provide practical evidence with which to formulate new safety policies , including mandatory seatbelt use , driving age limits and insurance pricing.
introduction : population-level survival has improved for common haematologic malignancies in the early 21st century.
however , relatively few population-level data are available for rare haematologic malignancies.
cases of haematologic malignancies with an incidence of less than @number@ per @number@ were selected for analysis.
results : seven individual haematologic malignancies which met criteria were identified.
conclusions : survival for rare haematologic malignancies varied considerably by cancer entity.
overall 5-year rs was slightly higher in germany compared to the us.
survival estimates increased for a minority of haematologic malignancies between 2003-2007 and 2008-2012.
further research into the best treatment options for rare malignancies is needed to further improve survival.
decline in cerebrovascular health complicates brain aging , and development of cerebral microbleeds ( cmbs ) is one of its prominent indicators.
twenty-six persons ( @percent@ ) , most of whom were @number@ years of age or older , had at least @number@ cmb during the study.
older age was associated with greater risk for developing a cmb ( odds ratio @number@ ) .
elevation of combined metabolic syndrome indicators ( b = @number@ p = @number@ ) conferred additional risk ( odds ratio @number@ ) .
chronic ankle instability ( cai ) is a common condition following ankle injury that is associated with compromised balance.
twelve healthy and seven cai participants completed two randomly assigned interventions.
two power plate® platforms were attached back to back using a theraband®.
participants stood on the active plate and inactive plate for wbvt and sham interventions , respectively.
each intervention included vibration of the active plate.
therefore , wbvt does not appear to acutely improve balance in cai.
we examined the antimicrobial activity of n12d and n23d against drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus.
results & conclusion : the minimum inhibitory concentration of n12d and n23d against mrsa was @number@.9-9.8 and @number@ μm , respectively.
with regard to the agar diffusion test , the inhibition zone of the quinone compounds was threefold larger than that of oxacillin.
n12d was found to inhibit mrsa biofilm thickness from @number@ to @number@ μm as observed by confocal microscopy.
n12d showed a significant reduction of the intracellular mrsa burden without decreasing the macrophage viability.
the antibacterial mechanisms of n12d may be bacterial wall / membrane damage and disturbance of gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
as the size of the elderly population increases , so do the challenges of and barriers to high-quality , affordable health care.
since its inception in @number@ the program has affected not only the fellows who participate , but also the field of health and aging policy.
design : prospective cohort of individuals aged @number@ and older undergoing structured pa intervention or health education.
every @number@ steps taken was associated with lower rate of mmd ( @percent@ ) and pmmd ( @percent@ ) .
similar associations were observed when fitting accelerometry-based pa as a time-dependent variable.
conclusion : accelerometry-based pa levels were strongly associated with mmd and pmmd events in older adults with limited mobility.
objectives : to compare hearing loss screening results of four simple tests with those of hand-held audiometry.
design : cross-sectional study of individuals screened during intake for physicals and other routine procedures.
setting : two primary care clinics in the san francisco bay area.
participants : older adults not wearing hearing aids ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ @percent@ female ) .
measurements : direct question about hearing loss , indirect question , finger-rub test , whisper test , and audiometric results using a hand-held audiometer.
for specificity , the whisper test was highest , followed by the finger rub , indirect , and direct.
macroautophagy is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that eradicates damaged and aging macromolecules and organelles in eukaryotic cells.
we found a functional requirement of peg3 for tfeb transcriptional induction and nuclear translocation in human umbilical vein endothelial and paer2 cells.
in conclusion , our findings indicate a non-canonical ( nutrient- and energy-independent ) mechanism underlying the pro-autophagic bioactivity of decorin via peg3 and tfeb.
background : neurosurgical patients are aging as the general population is becoming older.
key preoperative variables included age , comorbidities , and functional status based on the karnofsky performance status score and modified rankin scale score.
results : a total of @number@ patients ≥65 years underwent elective craniotomy at loyola university medical center over @number@ years.
seventy-two patients had a preoperative neurologic deficit and @number@ had a systemic morbidity before surgery.
postoperative neurologic and systemic morbidity was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
@percent@ of patients experienced a ltc complication and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died.
age alone should not preclude elective craniotomy.
background : atrial arrhythmias are the most common complication encountered in the growing and aging population with congenital heart disease.
objectives : this study sought to assess the types and patterns of atrial arrhythmias , associated factors , and age-related trends.
qualifying arrhythmias were classified by a blinded adjudicating committee.
conclusions : iart is the most common presenting atrial arrhythmia in patients with congenital heart disease , with a predominantly paroxysmal pattern.
however , atrial fibrillation increases in prevalence and atrial arrhythmias progressively become permanent as the population ages.
orthopedic research into chronic discogenic back pain has commonly focused on aging- and degeneration-related changes in intervertebral disc structure , biomechanics , and biology.
however , the primary spine-related reason for physician office visits is pain.
the ambiguous nature of the human condition of discogenic low back pain motivates the use of animal models to better understand the pathophysiology.
discogenic back pain models must consider both emergent behavioral changes following pain induction and changes in the nervous system that mediate such behavior.
looking beyond the intervertebral disc , we describe the different ways to classify pain in human patients and animal models.
we describe several behavioral assays that can be used in rodent models to augment disc degeneration measurements and characterize different types of pain.
despite high heritability estimates , a genetic etiology for most sporadic als remains elusive.
by studying cytosine methylation patterns in peripheral blood dna we identified thousands of large between-twin differences at individual cpgs.
while the specific sites of differences were mostly idiosyncratic to a twin pair , a proportion involving gaba signalling were common to all als individuals.
all four classic als patients were epigenetically older than their unaffected co-twins , suggesting accelerated aging in multiple tissues in this disease.
in conclusion , widespread changes in methylation patterns were found in als-affected co-twins , consistent with an epigenetic contribution to disease.
macroscopic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo cannot be considered independent of adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissue ( swat ) .
the layered system skin / swat appears as the hierarchical structural composite in which single layers behave as fiber-reinforced structures.
reinforcement of the composite skin / swat can take place in different ways.
effectiveness of this type of reinforcement is strongly dependent on the type of mechanical loading.
different physical interventions induce the reinforcement of at least one of these two layers , thus increasing the effective macroscopic stiffness of the total composite.
the present review attempts to summarize the current knowledge of lncrna expression patterns and mechanisms in prostate cancer , which contribute to carcinogenesis.
in particular , we focused on lncrnas regulated by androgen receptor and expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
importance : research in facial aging has focused on soft-tissue changes rather than bony changes despite evidence of the importance of underlying bony structural changes.
research has also been limited by comparing different patients in separate age groups rather than the same patients over time.
objective : to longitudinally document patterns of change in the facial skeleton and determine a consistent methodology for measuring these changes.
we also detail an improved methodology to study bony aging to contribute to additional research in the field.
level of evidence : na.
importance : hearing impairment ( hi ) is highly prevalent in older adults and has been associated with adverse health outcomes.
however , the overall economic impact of hi is not well described.
objective : the goal of this review was to summarize available data on all relevant costs associated with hi among adults.
evidence review : a literature search of pubmed , embase , the cochrane library , cinahl , and scopus was conducted in @date@ .
for this systematic review , data extraction and quality assessment were performed by @number@ independent reviewers.
this review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses ( prisma ) statement.
a meta-analysis was not performed owing to the studies ' heterogeneity in outcomes measures , methodology , and study country.
findings : the initial literature search yielded @number@ total references.
after @number@ duplicates were removed , @number@ publications underwent title and abstract review , yielding @number@ articles for full-text review.
after full-text review , @number@ articles were included.
estimates of the economic cost of lost productivity varied widely , from $ 1.8 to $ 194 billion in the united states.
excess medical costs resulting from hi ranged from $ 3.3 to $ 12.8 billion in the united states.
aims : to examine direct and indirect pathways between visual and cognitive function in advanced age.
the modified mini-mental state examination assessed cognitive function.
vision was assessed with self-report and measured distance visual acuity.
associations between visual and cognitive function were explored using general linear models and structural equation modelling.
self-reported visual impairment was present almost @percent@ of the sample.
adjusting for confounders , no direct association was found between visual and cognitive function.
for non-māori , the path diagram showed the association between vision loss , and cognitive function was mediated by functional status.
inflammation occurs after hiv infection and persists , despite highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) .
diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) measures hiv-associated white matter changes , but can be confounded by inflammation.
currently , the influence of inflammation on white matter integrity in well-controlled hiv + patients remains unknown.
ninety-two virologically suppressed hiv + patients on haart and @number@ hiv uninfected ( hiv- ) controls underwent neuropsychological performance ( np ) testing and neuroimaging.
np tests assessed multiple domains ( memory , psychomotor speed , and executive functioning ) .
dti- and dbsi-derived fractional anisotropy ( fa ) maps were processed with tract-based spatial statistics for comparison between both groups.
cellularity was assessed regarding age , hiv status , and np.
np was similar for both groups.
dti-derived fa was lower in hiv + compared with hiv- individuals.
by contrast , dbsi-derived fa was similar for both groups.
instead , diffuse increases in cellularity were present in hiv + individuals.
observed changes in cellularity were significantly associated with age , but not np , in hiv + individuals.
a trend level association was seen between cellularity and haart duration.
elevated inflammation , measured by cellularity , persists in virologically well-controlled hiv + individuals.
widespread cellularity changes occur in younger hiv + individuals and diminish with aging and duration of haart.
exercise training has become part of the standard care for patients with cardiovascular disease.
standard mean differences ( smd ) or mean differences ( md ) , and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were calculated using random-effect models.
we identified @number@ trials , and after an assessment of relevance , five trials with a combined total of @number@ participants were analyzed.
werner syndrome is a rare progeroid syndrome caused by the wrn gene mutation.
it is characterized by a general appearance of premature aging , diabetes mellitus , and atherosclerosis , and an increased risk of malignancies.
we report a patient who presented with hematemesis due to cirrhosis of liver and was subsequently diagnosed with werner syndrome.
further genetic analysis showed a novel mutation in the wrn gene which has not previously been reported.
werner syndrome should be considered for the cases of liver cirrhosis when accompanied by the features of accelerated aging.
background : frailty has emerged as a key medical syndrome predictive of comorbidity , disability , institutionalization and death.
the aim of this study was to assess conditions that influence grip strength in geriatric inpatients.
a comprehensive geriatric assessment was complemented with assessment for the frailty phenotype as described by fried et al for all patients in the study group.
functional assessment included barthel index of activities of daily living ( barthel index ) , instrumental activities of daily living scale and mini-mental state examination.
grip strength was not predictive of 2-year mortality in this group.
methods : we recruited participants with minor ischemic stroke and performed clinical assessments and brain mri.
at @number@ year , we assessed recurrent cerebrovascular events and dependency and repeated the mri.
the role of risk factor control requires verification.
interstitial fluid alterations may account for some wmh reversibility , offering potential intervention targets.
sa may in turn increase the long-term mortality in the geriatric patients ; however , it remains unclear.
we conducted this prospective nationwide population-based cohort study to clarify this issue.
a comparison of the long-term mortality between the two cohorts through follow-up until @number@ was performed.
there was no significant difference in the mortality for sa between upper limb affected and lower limb affected.
conclusions : this study delineated that sa significantly increased the long-term mortality in geriatric participants.
for the increasing aging population worldwide , strategies for the prevention and treatment of sa and concomitant control of comorbidities are very important.
background : new or increased impairments may develop several decades after an acute poliomyelitis infection.
methods : seven women and seven men ( mean age @number@ years ) were interviewed.
they all had a confirmed history of acute poliomyelitis and new impairments after a stable period of at least @number@ years.
data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using systematic text condensation.
the new impairments led to decreased physical and mental health.
conclusion : ageing with leop affected daily life to a great extent.
the participants experienced considerable impact of the new and increased impairments on their life situation.
consequently , their ability to participate in various social activities also became restricted.
social comparisons and practical solutions are strategies that facilitate adaptation and acceptance of the new situation due to leop.
this emphasises the need to design rehabilitation interventions that focus on coping , empowerment and self-management for people ageing with leop.
objectives : financial decision-making ( fdm ) is crucial for independent living.
due to cognitive decline that accompanies normal aging , older adults might have difficulties in some aspects of fdm.
therefore , the present explorative study examines the effects of normal aging on multiple aspects of fdm.
methods : one-hundred and eighty participants ( range 18-87 years ) were assessed with eight fdm tests and several standard neuropsychological tests.
age effects were evaluated using hierarchical multiple regression analyses.
multiple regression and correlation analyses were applied to investigate the mediation effect of standard measures of cognition on the observed effects of age on fdm.
however more complex fdm , such as making decisions in accordance with specific rules , becomes more difficult with advancing age.
furthermore , an older age was found to be related to a decreased sensitivity for impulsive buying.
these results were confirmed by the internal and external validation analyses.
the extent to which iivrt is an independent predictor of mortality , however , is unclear.
consensus dementia diagnoses were made by an expert panel of clinicians using clinical criteria , and mortality data were obtained from a state registry.
after excluding incident dementia cases , the association of iivrt with mortality changed very little.
due to demographic changes , including population growth and aging , the cumulative burden of oral conditions dramatically increased between @number@ and @number@
clearly , oral diseases are highly prevalent in the globe , posing a very serious public health challenge to policy makers.
despite some challenges with current measurement methodologies for oral diseases , measurable specific oral health goals should be developed to advance global public health.
ageing is the predominant risk factor for many common diseases.
human premature ageing diseases are powerful model systems to identify and characterize cellular mechanisms that underpin physiological ageing.
smoking tobacco is a known risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer and for mortality associated with the disease.
cholinergic neurons densely innervate the hippocampus , mediating the formation of episodic as well as semantic memory.
in addition , we will discuss the complexity of ach actions in memory function to better understand the physiological role of ach in memory.
this is an article for the special issue xvth international symposium on cholinergic mechanisms.
aging is associated with significant changes in structure and function of the kidney , even in the absence of age-related comorbidities.
the decline of nephron number is accompanied by a comparable reduction in measured whole-kidney gfr.
however , single-nephron gfr remains relatively constant with healthy aging as does glomerular volume.
only when glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis exceed that expected for age is there an increase in single-nephron gfr.
we assessed the evidence for gene-based association of rare variants with ad in @number@ genes for which an association with such variants was previously claimed.
results : factor analyses interpreted in consultation with a panel of community advisers showed no measure was statistically robust.
the cd-risc had acceptable reliability and a conceptually interpretable structure.
conclusions : results suggest the cd-risc , supplemented by qualitative input , provides a way forward for research on efficacy of intergenerational interventions.
background : we have been studying the thermoregulatory responses of korean breath-hold women divers , called haenyeo , in terms of aging and cold adaptation.
however , their overall cold-adaptive traits have disappeared since they began to wear wetsuits and research has waned since the 1980s.
as control group counterparts , older non-diving females and young non-diving females were compared with older haenyeos in the controlled experiments.
results : our findings were that older haenyeos still retain local cold tolerance on the extremities despite their aging.
finger cold tests supported more superior local cold tolerance for older haenyeos than for older non-diving females.
however , thermal perception in cold reflected aging effects rather than local cold acclimatization.
further studies on cross-adaptation between chronic cold stress and heat tolerance are needed.
methods : the participants were @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( mean age , @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the trajectory-based spatial parameters during the tug test were measured using an lrs.
in particular , older adults with cognitive impairment exhibit shorter minimum distances from the marker and asymmetrical trajectories during the tug test.
the prevalence of lar in adult patients with a previous diagnosis of non-ar was assessed.
results : lar was confirmed in @number@ ( @percent@ ) study patients.
in the remaining @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , non-ar was diagnosed.
in @number@ patients , concomitant allergies to d. pteronyssinus and alternaria were observed.
conclusion : lar can be a form of chronic perennial rhinitis that has previously been considered to be non-ar.
the incidence of perioperative acute kidney injury ( aki ) is more common than previously recognized , especially in high-risk patients undergoing higher risk procedures.
unfortunately , few , if any , preemptive therapies have proven effective in preventing aki.
clear evidence supporting any therapeutic intervention except renal replacement therapy remains elusive.
it is fundamental to identify patients at risk for aki.
clear evidence in support of this approach , however , is lacking.
recently , the perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine and the provision of remote ischemic preconditioning have been studied to potentially limit the development of perioperative aki.
the ultimate goal of this article is to bring to the attention of clinicians the seriousness of this potentially preventable or modifiable perioperative complication.
tooth loss is a common health concern in older adults.
the study included @number@ danish middle-aged or older twins who provided data on the number of teeth at baseline by structured interviews.
in the whole cohorts , @percent@ of participants were edentate and @percent@ had retained @number@ or more teeth.
this study indicates that a substantial part of the variation in tooth loss is explained by genetic as well as environmental factors shared by co-twins.
our results implied that family background importantly affects tooth loss in both the middle-aged and the older populations.
family history is thus an important factor to take into account in dental health care.
purpose of the study : populations in latin america , asia and sub-saharan africa are rapidly ageing.
our aim was to explore the social and economic effects of caring for an older dependent person , including insight into pathways to economic vulnerability.
case studies consisted of in-depth narrative style interviews ( n = @number@ ) with multiple family members , including the older dependent person.
results : governments were largely uninvolved in the care and support of older dependent people , leaving families to negotiate a ' journey without maps'.
women were de facto caregivers but the traditional role of female relative as caregiver was beginning to be contested.
household composition was flexible and responsive to changing needs of multiple generations but family finances were stretched.
implications : governments are lagging behind sociodemographic and social change.
there is an urgent need for policy frameworks to support and supplement inputs from families.
these should include community-based and residential care services , disability benefits and carers allowances.
we evaluated antibodies at repeated time-points among individuals living in an endemic region in nigeria over almost one year against these vaccine candidates.
antibody levels against eba140 , eba175 , eba181 , pfrh2 , pfrh4 , and msp2 , were measured by elisa.
we also used parasites with disrupted eba140 , eba175 and eba181 genes to show that all these were targets of invasion inhibitory antibodies.
however , antigenic targets of inhibitory antibodies were not stable and changed substantially over time in most individuals , independent of age.
the breadth of high antibody responses over time was more influenced by age than by the frequency of infection.
this is an important finding in understanding natural immunity against malaria , which is essential for making an efficacious vaccine.
background : participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course.
however , many people fail to meet pa recommendations.
despite a plethora of studies , the evidence regarding the environmental ( physical ) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive.
objective : to identify the physical environmental determinants that influence pa across the life course.
methods : an online systematic literature search was conducted using medline , isi web of science , scopus and sportdiscus.
the search was limited to studies published in english ( @date@ to @date@ ) .
the extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants , strength of evidence and methodological quality.
negative street characteristics , for example , lack of sidewalks and streetlights , were negatively associated with physical activity in adults.
inconsistent associations were reported for the majority of reviewed determinants in adults.
given the limited evidence drawn mostly from cross-sectional studies , longitudinal studies are needed to further explore these associations.
registration : prospero crd42015010616.
indeed , observational studies have shown that high uric acid is associated with high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood.
change in inflammatory response was assessed by administering an oral lipid tolerance before and after the treatment of uric acid , rasburicase and placebo.
following uric acid administration , there was an accentuated increase in il-6 during the oral lipid tolerance test ( p < 0.001 ) .
no significant differences were observed after lowering of uric acid with rasburicase.
no side effects were reported throughout the trial.
in health individuals , acute increase in uric acid results in an increased il-6 response when challenged with lipid load.
such effect of amplification of inflammatory response may explain the higher risk of chronic diseases observed in subclinical hyperuricemia in observational studies.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01323335.
due to the myriad factors straining china's traditional family-based eldercare system , today unprecedented numbers of older adults are turning to institutions for caregiving needs.
the hierarchical control from the central clock to peripheral clocks extends to other functions including endocrine , metabolic , immune , and mitochondrial responses.
increasing evidence links the disruption of the clock genes expression with multiple diseases and aging.
chronodisruption is associated with alterations of the immune system , immunosenescence , impairment of energy metabolism , and reduction of pineal and extrapineal melatonin production.
moreover , recent data point to that some mediators of the immune system affects the normal function of the clock.
under specific conditions , this control disappears reactivating the immune response.
the broken clock is recovered by melatonin administration , that is accompanied by the normalization of the innate immunity and mitochondrial homeostasis.
mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell through their role in the oxidative phosphorylation to generate atp.
these events lead to damage to proteins , lipids and mitochondrial dna.
cardiolipin alterations are associated with mitochondrial bienergetics decline in multiple tissues in a variety of physiopathological conditions , as well as in the aging process.
melatonin , the major product of the pineal gland , is considered an effective protector of mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
here , mechanisms through which melatonin exerts its protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging and age-associated disorders are discussed.
melatonin protects the electron transport chain ( etc ) in multiple ways.
this review aimed to determine the incidence , prognostic factors and impact of postoperative delirium in vascular surgical patients.
medline and embase were systematically searched for articles published between @date@ and @date@ on delirium after vascular surgery.
the primary outcome was the incidence of delirium.
secondary outcomes were contributing prognostic factors and impact of delirium.
quantitative analyses of extracted data were conducted using meta-analysis where possible to determine incidence of delirium and prognostic factors.
a qualitative review of outcomes was performed.
fifteen articles were eligible for inclusion.
delirium incidence ranged between @percent@ and @percent@.
meta-analysis found that patients with delirium were older than those without delirium ( or @number@ p < 0.001 ) .
delirious patients remained in hospital @number@ days longer ( p < 0.001 ) and had more complications than patients without delirium.
data were limited on the impact of procedure complexity , endovascular compared to open surgery or type of anaesthetic.
postoperative delirium occurs frequently , resulting in major morbidity for vascular patients.
improved quality of prognostic studies may identify modifiable peri-operative factors to improve quality of care for vascular surgical patients.
neurocognitive impairment ( nci ) is an increasingly important comorbidity in an ageing hiv + population.
despite the lack of available treatment modalities , screening for nci is recommended.
the aim of this study was to evaluate this screening protocol in relation to clinical outcomes and management.
a retrospective cohort study was performed in suppressed adult hiv + patients.
in patients with cognitive complaints and participation restrictions , cognitive rehabilitation was proposed.
two hundred eighty-six patients were screened.
the vast majority were msm with an average age of @number@ years.
one hundred forty-four out of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had an abnormal test score and / or had subjective cognitive complaints.
restrictions in participation were present in @percent@ of patients.
six patients on efavirenz switched their regimes , as this drug is known for its potential central nervous system ( cns ) side effects.
a depressive component was present in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
five patients had a clinical relevant laboratory abnormality.
moreover , six patients were referred for cognitive rehabilitation , which resulted in a @percent@ success rate in set goals in the five evaluable patients.
moreover , cognitive rehabilitation appears to be a very successful intervention for patients with nci who experience subjective complaints and participation restrictions.
objectives the aim of this study was to determine the prospective association of cumulative mechanical exposure during working life with health-related labor market outcomes.
cox-regression analyses estimated the relative risk of register-based long-term sickness absence ( ltsa ) and disability pension with cumulative occupational mechanical exposures throughout working life.
analyses were censored for competing events and adjusted for multiple confounders.
number of ton- , lifting- and kneeling-years showed an exposure-response association with increased risk of ltsa ( p < 0.0001 ) .
lifting-years , but not the other mechanical exposures , were associated with risk of disability pension ( hr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions cumulative occupational mechanical exposures during working life - such as lifting and kneeling work - increased the risk of ltsa.
importantly , being exposed to lifting increased the risk of disability pension.
the sharp increase of the aging population has raised the pressure on the current limited medical resources in china.
to better allocate resources , a more accurate prediction on medical service demand is very urgently needed.
this study aims to improve the prediction on medical services demand in china.
the model provides a predication on medical service demand of these three types of disease up to @number@
the results reveal an enormous growth of urban medical service demand in the future.
the findings provide practical implications for the health administrative department to allocate medical resources , and help hospitals to manage investments on medical facilities.
disease overview : chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is the commonest leukemia in western countries.
the disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course.
leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that impair apoptosis of clonal b cells.
prognosis : two prognostic staging systems exist , the rai and binet staging systems , which are established by physical examination and blood counts.
various biological and genetic markers also have prognostic value.
therapy : patients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced binet or rai stages require therapy.
for physically fit patients , chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine , cyclophosphamide , and rituximab remains the current standard therapy.
at relapse , the initial treatment may be repeated , if the treatment-free interval exceeds @number@ years.
patients with a del ( 17p ) or tp53 mutation can be treated with ibrutinib , venetoclax , or a combination of idelalisib and rituximab.
however , their optimal use ( in terms of combination , sequence , and duration ) remains unknown.
therefore , cll patients should be treated in clinical trials whenever possible.
introduction : in south africa , older adults make up a growing proportion of people living with hiv.
hiv programmes are likely to reach older south africans in home-based interventions where testing is not always feasible.
we evaluate the accuracy of self-reported hiv status , which may provide useful information for targeting interventions or offer an alternative to biomarker testing.
a total of @number@ participants aged ≥40 years were interviewed from @number@ to @number@
self-reported hiv status and dried bloodspots for hiv biomarker testing were obtained during at-home interviews.
log-binomial regression explored associations between demographic characteristics , antiretroviral therapy ( art ) status and sensitivity of self-report.
results : most participants ( @percent@ ) consented to biomarker testing.
of those with biomarker results , @percent@ reported knowing their hiv status and accurately reported it.
participants on art were more likely to report their hiv-positive status , and participants reporting false-negatives were more likely to have older hiv tests.
conclusions : the majority of participants were willing to share their hiv status.
in hiv interventions where testing is not possible , self-reported status should be considered as a routine first step to establish hiv status.
for the first time , a 15-year-old boy was found to have a slight degree of proteinuria and microscopic hematuria during annual school urinalysis screening.
his kidney function had already severely deteriorated.
a kidney biopsy revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis ( tin ) with diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration.
his medical records showed his serum creatinine level to be @number@ mg / dl two years ago , which was abnormally high considering his age.
although the etiology of slowly progressive tin was unclear , glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy improved his kidney function.
this case report suggests that all doctors should recognize the reference range for the serum creatinine level in teenagers.
objective high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t ( hs-ctnt ) is widely used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) .
accordingly , we aimed to investigate the accuracy of the current cut-off value in an elderly population.
twenty-six patients were eventually diagnosed with ami.
hs-ctnt was measured during a visit to the emergency or outpatient department.
conclusion when measuring hs-ctnt , careful assessments are needed in elderly subjects.
the depressive state was further evaluated using simultaneous semi-structured interviews.
among the @number@ sds questionnaires , the patients whose conditions were aggravated showed significantly higher scores in diurnal variation , sleep disturbance and weight loss.
we herein describe a 37-year-old man who developed cervical flexion myelopathy @number@ years after suffering a cervical spinal cord injury.
in the neck flexion position , an anterior shift of the cervical cord was evident.
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) has recently increased owing to the westernization of our food habits and an aging society in japan.
the japanese guidelines for vte prophylaxis were formulated and issued in @number@ and then revised in @number@
the incidence rates of symptomatic perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) in japan are being investigated by the japanese society of anesthesiologists since @number@
the average rate of perioperative pte was estimated to be @number@ per @number@ operations between @number@ and @number@
the average mortality rate was @percent@ , but it significantly decreased after new anticoagulants were approved in @number@
as a lump sum scores of toxic and potentially toxic substances are detected in a human body that significantly affect health and human lifespan.
there are also thousands of diseases , dozens of which latently occur in the body of each person.
traditional diagnosis is not able to screen all the variety of xenobiotics and potential human diseases.
for this purpose metabolomic blood test is available which is of non-targeted ( review ) nature.
background : the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone administration have been a topic of much scientific and regulatory interest in recent years.
methods : a multinational patient registry was used to assess long-term changes associated with trt in middle-age and older men with hypogonadism.
comprehensive evaluations were conducted at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after enrollment into the registry.
patients on trt reported rapid and sustained improvements in qol , with fewer sexual , psychological , and somatic symptoms.
small but significant improvements in iief scores over time also were noted with trt.
clinical implications : trt-related benefits in qol and sexual function are well maintained for up to @number@ months after initiation of treatment.
strengths and limitations : the major strengths are the large , diverse patient population being treated in multidisciplinary clinical settings.
the major limitation is the frequency of switching from one formulation to another.
rosen rc , wu f , behre h , et al.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 1104-1115.
suboptimal guideline adherence and underuse of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) have been reported worldwide.
this study aimed to compare anticoagulation practice in australia during the pre- and postdirect oral anticoagulant ( doac ) eras.
the pre- and post-doac era cohorts included admissions from @date@ to @date@ and @date@ to @date@ , respectively.
overall , @number@ patients met our inclusion criteria.
the overall rate of anticoagulation increased from @percent@ in the pre-doac era to @percent@ in the post-doac era ( p < 0.001 ) .
moreover , prescribing of oacs among high-risk patients improved significantly ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
we examined the genetic relationship between ad and various cancer types using gwas summary statistics from the igap and game-on consortia.
sample size ranged from @number@ to @number@ snps were imputed to the @number@ genomes european panel.
transthyretin ( ttr ) is one of the major aβ-binding proteins acting as a neuroprotector in ad.
in addition , ttr cleaves aβ peptide in vitro.
our data demonstrate that ttr proteolytic activity is required for the neuroprotective effect of the protein constituting a putative novel therapeutic target for ad.
parkinson's disease is characterized by progressively distributed lewy pathology and neurodegeneration.
aging-related diseases show a marked sex bias.
for example , women live longer than men yet have more alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis , whereas men have more cancer and parkinson's disease.
understanding the role of sex will be important in designing interventions and in understanding basic aging mechanisms.
aging also shows sex differences in model organisms.
consistent with this idea , males show greater loss of mitochondrial gene expression with age.
falls in older adults are the result of several risk factors across biological and behavioral aspects of the person , along with environmental factors.
falls can trigger a downward spiral in activities of daily living , independence , and overall health outcomes.
clinicians who care for older adults should screen them annually for falls.
impaired mobility is a precursor to disability , which has notable clinical significance and importance to older adults.
urinary incontinence ( ui ) is an international problem , affecting a high percentage of geriatric women.
this article focuses on the prevalence , burden , clinical application , and management recommendations for the different types of ui.
nutritional problems , such as malnutrition , dehydration , and electrolyte imbalance , are multifaceted and complex issues for older adults.
this article describes these potential nutritional problems and then discusses evidence-based assessment strategies and treatment modalities that target these problems.
micronutrient deficiency is explored and evidence-based supplementation discussed.
many factors contribute to weight loss and malnutrition in older adults.
these factors are classified as social , psychological , and / or biological.
addressing these issues and the influence of oral health on food intake are imperative to enhancing the overall quality of life for older adults.
all older adults exhibit some degree of swallowing difficulty , also known as senescent swallowing.
the effects of chronic disease and sustained use of alcohol , tobacco , and medications often exacerbate age-related gi dysfunction.
older adults often have nonspecific complaints , warranting a thorough health history and physical examination , including prescription and over-the-counter medications.
colorectal cancer screening tests should be discussed with all older adults because of the high incidence of colorectal cancer in this patient population.
in addition , a brief assessment that nurses could use to assess for impaired sleep and nonpharmacologic interventions to improve sleep are discussed.
cognitive decline in older persons can be pathologic or occur as a part of the normal aging process.
delirium , depression , and dementia are geriatric syndromes and neurocognitive disorders that are the result of cognitive decline associated with pathology.
frailty is a public health crisis for an aging society.
as a concept and condition , frailty is poorly understood and underrecognized in clinical settings.
nurses play an important role as frontline providers who care for aging adults.
the aim of this article is to raise awareness among nurses about frailty and to discuss the recognition and management of this prevailing condition.
a connection between dementias and blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) dysfunction has been suggested , but previous studies have yielded conflicting results.
patients in dlb , lad , vad , mix , other , and nos groups had higher csf / serum albumin ratio than controls.
csf / serum albumin ratio correlated with csf neurofilament light in lad , mix , vad , and other groups but not with ad biomarkers.
our data show that bbb leakage is common in dementias.
neuropsychological testing will require extensive batteries to maximize utility.
structural imaging is limited for early ad detection in the setting of hiv , but proper studies are absent.
while positron-emission tomography ( pet ) amyloid imaging has altered the landscape of differential diagnosis for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders , costs are prohibitive.
risk for delayed ad diagnosis in the aging hiv-infected population is now among the most pressing issues in geriatric neurohiv.
data needed to inform the phenotype of ad in the setting of hiv are equally few.
objective : to investigate the effect of postoperative delirium on longitudinal brain microstructural changes , as measured by diffusion tensor imaging.
postoperative delirium severity and occurrence were assessed during the hospital stay using the confusion assessment method and a validated chart review method.
results : postoperative delirium occurred in @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) .
delirium severity and occurrence were associated with longitudinal diffusion changes in the periventricular , frontal , and temporal white matter.
background : arterial stiffness and wall shear stress are powerful determinants of cardiovascular health , and arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.
methods : d-flow was induced in the carotid arteries of young and old mice of both sexes.
gene expression and pathway analysis was performed on endothelial cell-enriched rna and validated by immunohistochemistry.
in vitro testing of signaling pathways was performed under oscillatory and laminar wall shear stress conditions.
human arteries from regions of d-flow and stable flow were tested ex vivo to validate critical results from the animal model.
tsp-1 knockout animals had significantly less arterial stiffening in response to d-flow than wild-type carotid arteries.
human arteries exposed to d-flow had similar increases tsp-1 and collagen gene expression as seen in our model.
molecular targets in this pathway may lead to novel therapies to limit arterial stiffening and the progression of disease in arteries exposed to d-flow.
age-related conditions are the leading causes of death and health-care costs.
reducing the rate of aging would have enormous medical and financial benefits.
myriad genes and pathways are known to regulate aging in model organisms , fostering a new crop of anti-aging companies.
approaches range from drug discovery efforts to big-data methods and direct-to-consumer ( dtc ) strategies.
if even one company succeeds , however , the impact will be huge.
the temporal region has imprecise limits in the young patient.
as this area frame the look , it should be taken into consideration during the clinical examination as well as the facial and cervical stages.
the rejuvenation techniques are numerous , nuanced and gradual.
then the surgical techniques of temporal and brow liftings must be considered and coupled with the techniques of lipostructure that are more and more practiced.
it should be noted that the demand for temporal rejuvenation is increasing and precedes the demand of cervicofacial rejuvenation.
combined advances in modern medical practice and increased human longevity are driving an ever-expanding elderly population.
females are particularly at risk of age-associated pathology , spending more of their lives in a post-menopausal state.
menopause , denoted by a rapid decline in serum sex steroid levels , accelerates biological ageing across the body's tissues.
post-menopause physiological changes are particularly noticeable in the skin , which loses structural architecture and becomes prone to damage.
estrogen deficiency is detrimental to many wound-healing processes , notably inflammation and re-granulation , while exogenous estrogen treatment widely reverses these effects.
over recent decades , many of the molecular and cellular correlates to estrogen's beneficial effect on normal skin homeostasis and wound healing have been reported.
however , disparities still exist , particularly in the context of mechanistic studies investigating estrogen receptor signalling and its potential cellular effects.
new molecular techniques , coupled with increased understanding of estrogen in skin biology , will provide further opportunities to develop estrogen receptor-targeted therapeutics.
in each study , adjusted mortality ratios ( hazard ratios , hrs ) in relation to srh were calculated and subsequently combined with random-effect meta-analyses.
main outcome measures : all-cause , cardiovascular and cancer mortality.
results : within the median @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) deaths occurred.
these associations were evident : for cardiovascular and , to a lesser extent , cancer mortality , and within-study , within-subgroup analyses.
accounting for lifestyle , sociodemographic , somatometric factors and , subsequently , for medical history explained only a modest amount of the unadjusted associations.
the incidence and diagnosis of cutaneous malignancies are steadily rising.
patients with cutaneous malignancies often require multidisciplinary care.
background : hand-grip strength ( hgs ) serves as a proxy measure for muscle function and physical health.
studies have shown that low hgs is associated with common age-related disorders including frailty and sarcopenia.
the study also aimed to explore the sociodemographic and anthropometric correlates of hgs.
hgs was obtained using a jamar plus + digital hand dynamometer.
normative data were stratified by ; 5-year age groups , sex and ethnicity.
relationships between the hgs with various sociodemographic and anthropometric correlates were examined using multiple linear regression analysis.
results : the mean hgs demonstrate a decreasing trend with increased age across all ethnic groups and sexes.
hgs among singapore older adults were relatively low compared to western and other asian countries.
males in the youngest age group ( 60-64 ) and of chinese ethnicity attained greater hgs values than their counterparts.
conclusions : older adults in singapore have a relatively weak hgs compared to other countries.
greater height and weight , and smaller waist circumference are independently associated with greater hgs in females but not males.
these results facilitate the interpretation of hgs conducting using jamar digital-type dynamometers among the older adults in singapore.
background : aging is an inevitable part of life.
the senior-friendly hospital framework is valid and important for patient safety and quality improvement.
in each round , we calculated statistics describing each standard's validity and feasibility.
the excluded categories were @number@ @number@ and @number@ ( service , transportation , and signage and identification ) .
the highest feasibility values were given to standards @number@ @number@ and @number@
the highest feasibility score was given to standard @number@
conclusions : the korean framework for senior-friendly hospitals needs to include @number@ chapters , @number@ categories , and @number@ standards.
the accreditation program for healthcare organizations should include senior-friendly hospitals -relevant standards considering korea's medical environment.
over the years , various factors are suggested which may contribute to or disable activity provision in dementia care homes.
these include limited financial resources , task oriented staff and disease-related characteristics of residents.
this study aims to further clarify which of these factors predict higher activity involvement.
methods : data were derived from the second measurement ( @number@ ) of the living arrangements for people with dementia study.
one thousand two hundred eighteen people residing in @number@ dementia care homes were involved.
forty predictors of higher involvement were studied.
multilevel backward regression analyses were performed.
more social supervisor support as perceived by staff was found to predict less activity involvement.
in order to achieve these aims , care organizations might need to evaluate the use of their financial means.
conversely , to examine the influence that walking has on executive functions involving visuospatial processing.
spatiotemporal gait variables , average values and co-efficient of variation ( cov ) were obtained from @number@ consecutive steps during single- and dual-task walk trials.
performance-based measures of the vm and vcg task were obtained during standing and walking.
visuomotor tracking performance , however , was significantly reduced in the og as compared to the yg when tested in both standing and walking.
success rate of the vcg task decreased during walking , but only for og.
conclusion : controlling gait speed and objective evaluation of the visuospatial cognitive tasks helps to determine the level of engagement in the dt tasks.
this is important in order to determine the strategies used during the dt test protocols , i.e. cross-domain interference.
langerhans ' cells ( lc ) play pivotal roles in skin immune responses , linking innate and adaptive immunity.
in aged skin there are fewer lc and migration is impaired compared with young skin.
these changes may contribute to declining skin immunity in the elderly , including increased skin infections and skin cancer.
therefore , we sought to explore the mechanisms underlying these phenomena.
biopsy-related trauma induced lc migration from young epidermis , whereas in aged skin , migration was greatly reduced.
interleukin-1β treatment restored lc migration in aged epidermis whereas tnf-α was without effect.
interleukin-1 receptor type @number@ ( il1r2 ) gene expression was significantly increased in aged , but not young skin , after cytokine treatment.
keratinocyte-derived factors secreted from young and aged primary cells did not restore or inhibit lc migration from aged and young epidermis , respectively.
these data suggest that in aged skin , il-1β signalling is diminished due to altered expression of il1b and decoy receptor gene il1r2.
rhogdiα is a key regulator of rho proteins , coordinating their gtp / gdp and membrane / cytosol cycle.
recently , it was demonstrated by quantitative mass spectrometry that rhogdiα is heavily targeted by post-translational lysine acetylation.
for one site in its n-terminal domain , namely k52 , we reported earlier that acetylation completely switches off rhogdiα function.
herein we show that k52-acetylated rhogdiα is specifically deacetylated by the sirtuin deacetylase sirt2.
we show that acetylation at k52 decelerates cervical cancer cell proliferation , suggesting rhogdiα acetylation to be a promising therapeutic target.
we demonstrate that treatment of cervical cancer cells with a rhogdiα-derived k52-trifluoroacetylated , substrate-derived peptidic sirtuin inhibitor severely impairs cell proliferation.
these data reveal a prospective therapeutic potential for novel substrate-derived sirtuin inhibitors.
methods : we conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal study of eight hospitals in st. louis , mo , usa.
drugs at baseline were categorised using the american geriatrics society @number@ beers criteria.
the outcome was the functional recovery scale total score measured at four time points during a 12-month period of observation.
loss of imprinting ( loi ) is an epigenetic event that relaxes an allele-specific restriction on gene expression.
one gene that experiences loi is the paracrine insulin-like growth factor
background : the optimal level of sodium intake remains controversial.
results : mean age of participants was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ were female , @percent@ were african american , and @percent@ had hypertension.
the median esi was @number@ ( interquartile range : @number@ @number@ ) g / day.
esi > 3.7 g / day was associated with larger left atrial and left ventricular dimensions ( p < @number@ ) .
there were significant interactions by potassium excretion for circumferential strain.
conclusions : esi > 3.7 g / day is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and worse systolic strain and diastolic e ' velocity.
background : the incidence rate of acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) was determined in the calgary metropolitan area , a major canadian city.
results : the calculated incidence rate was @number@ cases per @number@ person-years with a median age of @number@ slightly lower than previously published data.
the age-standardized incidence rate for canada was @number@ cases per @number@ person-years.
the higher value is reflective of calgary's younger population compared to the rest of canada.
higher male incidence and greatest incidence occurring at approximately the age of @number@ is similar to data from other developed countries.
conclusion : this is the first published incidence rate of acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) in canada across all age groups.
background : human papillomavirus ( hpv ) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer.
here we assessed the prevalence and distribution of hpv genotypes in fujian population.
every woman had a face-to-face interview.
cervical samples were collected from each participant and hpv screening was conducted using microarray hybridization.
results : our study showed that the hpv prevalence in fujian province was @percent@.
among the positive individuals , @percent@ were detected for single hpv infection , @percent@ for multiple hpv infections.
further analysis showed that the prevalence of hpv infection significantly increased from @number@ to @number@
objective : kraepelin considered declining course a hallmark of schizophrenia , but others have suggested that outcomes usually stabilize or improve after treatment initiation.
the authors investigated this question in an epidemiologically defined cohort with psychotic disorders followed for @number@ years after first hospitalization.
global assessment of functioning ( gaf ) , psychotic symptoms , and mood symptoms were rated at each assessment.
month @number@ when nearly all participants were discharged from the index hospitalization , was used as a reference.
results : in the schizophrenia group , mean gaf scores declined from @number@ at month @number@ to @number@ at year @number@
negative and positive symptoms also worsened ( cohen's d values , @number@.45-0.73 ) .
worsening began between years @number@ and @number@
neither aging nor changes in antipsychotic treatment accounted for the declines.
in all disorders , depression improved and manic symptoms remained low across the @number@ years.
conclusions : the authors found substantial symptom burden across disorders that increased with time and ultimately may undo initial treatment gains.
previous studies have suggested that better health care delivery models may preempt this decline.
in the united states , these care needs are often not met , and addressing them is an urgent priority.
among men , @percent@ reported having functional limitations , compared to @percent@ among women.
for korean women , childhood ses was a significant predictor of functional limitations after controlling for attained ses.
short stature was associated with poorer functional health only among men and the relationship was explained by adult characteristics.
the results imply that long-term effect of childhood deprivation on health may be stronger among women in korean society.
long-chain acyl-coenzyme a ( coa ) synthetase @number@ ( acsl3 ) is an androgen-responsive gene involved in the generation of fatty acyl-coa esters.
acsl3 is expressed in both androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) .
however , its role in prostate cancer remains elusive.
we overexpressed acsl3 in androgen-dependent lncap cells and examined the downstream effectors of acsl3.
furthermore , we examined the role of acsl3 in the androgen metabolism of prostate cancer.
exposure to dheas significantly increased testosterone levels and cell proliferative response in acsl3-overexpressing cells when compared to that in control cells.
a public database showed that acsl3 level was higher in crpc than in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
crpc cells showed an increased expression of acsl3 and an expression pattern of akr1c3 and ugt2b similar to acsl3-overexpressing cells.
dheas stimulation significantly promoted the proliferation of crpc cells when compared to that of lncap cells.
introduction : various operational definitions have been proposed to assess the frailty condition among older individuals.
our objective was to assess how practitioners measure the geriatric syndrome of frailty in their daily routine.
results : a total of @number@ clinicians from @number@ countries answered to the survey.
most of them were medical doctors ( @percent@ ) , and their primary field of practice was geriatrics ( @percent@ ) .
a substantial proportion of clinicians ( @percent@ ) diagnose frailty using more than one instrument.
conclusion : a variety of tools is used to assess frailty of older patients in clinical practice highlighting the need for standardisation and guidelines.
methods : a single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.
participants in the 3-step workout for life group performed functional movements and selected activities of daily living at home in addition to resistance exercise.
participants in the resistance exercise only group performed resistance exercise only.
purpose : to estimate the discriminative value of serum p1np / βctx ratio and albumin levels in hospitalized orthogeriatric patients with and without nonvertebral fractures.
lower p1np / βctx ( < 100 ) and hypoalbuminemia could be useful simple additive prognostic tools for fracture risk stratification in the elderly.
background : preoperative spirometry provides measurable information about the occurrence of respiratory disorders.
on the basis of spirometry performed on the day of admittance to the hospital , the patients were divided into three groups.
patients without respiratory problems constituted @percent@ of the entire group.
restricted breathing was revealed by spirometry in @percent@ and obstructive breathing in @percent@ of patients.
therefore , this group of patients should be given special postoperative monitoring and , in particular , intensive respiratory rehabilitation immediately after reconstitution.
aim : delirium is a common and severe complication among older hospitalized patients.
the pathophysiology is poorly understood , but it has been suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress may play a role.
results : eighty-six patients were included.
thirteen patients were diagnosed with delirium.
this finding might suggest that an inadequate response of the immune system and oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of delirium.
further studies are needed to confirm the association between nlr and delirium.
background recently , the use of cardiac implantable electrophysiological devices ( cieds ) has increased.
infection is considered to be one of the most serious complications of cieds and carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality.
although infection with staphylococcus sp. accounts for the majority of cases , other bacteria have been implicated as causative agents of infection of cieds.
to our knowledge , there have been few cases of cied infection due to b. cepacia previously reported in the literature.
conclusions this case raises awareness of b. cepacia as a potential opportunistic pathogen in cied infection.
the more rare bacteria require culture on special media to provide an early diagnosis to enable proper antimicrobial therapy to commence.
adherence to infection control standards during cied insertion would reduce infection from b. cepacia.
due to the progression of aging in japan , pharmacists need to participate in home medical care.
the home care cases were compiled by the university faculty members and the home care practice pharmacists.
working pharmacists and students at pharmaceutical college studied the same case studies of home medical care , and their self-evaluations were compared.
they showed that the students rated themselves higher than the pharmacists.
one of the reasons was the systematic education of the case studies.
the clinical case studies are a good educational tool to promote home care medicine in pharmacies and university pharmaceutical colleges.
this situation led to a decrease in the number of pharmacists who are experienced in home care.
pharmacists are requesting that practical training in home care be included in the model core curriculum.
i believe that case studies are an instructional tool that offers essential points for acquiring practical knowledge.
it is important to ingest just proportions of minerals to prevent disease , but these minerals are also secreted into the hair.
meanwhile , the number of hay fever patients in japan is increasing , causing an increase in national medical expenses.
these results , suggest that measurements mineral concentrations in hair are indicators of hay fever risk.
yet performance trade-offs are rarely detected , and traits are often positively correlated.
a potential resolution to this conundrum is that
experimental cmv-based vaccine vectors expressing a single mhc class i-restricted high-avidity epitope provided strong , t cell-dependent protection against viruses or tumors.
how these risk factors interact to drive disease onset is currently unknown.
she explains how international certified nursing assistants can benefit residents because of skills developed by family-centered care in their countries of origin.
she also discusses related issues-the importance of being culturally competent about u.s. culture.
she points out how religiousness not only affects residents but is a buffer for staff against the stress of physically and emotionally demanding low-wage work.
it is essential to appreciate the distinction between chronological and physiological age.
there is almost always a time to call it quits for everything.
amyloid-beta peptides ( aβ ) , implicated in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , interact with the cellular membrane and induce amyloid toxicity.
the composition of cellular membranes changes in aging and ad.
we designed multi-component lipid models to mimic healthy and diseased states of the neuronal membrane.
a deeper understanding of the conserved molecular mechanisms in different taxa have been made possible only because of the evolutionary conservation of crucial signaling pathways.
selection pressure analysis using paml program revealed that mrps5 and ppargc1a were under significant constraints because of their functional significance.
foxo3a also displayed strong purifying selection.
a significant evolutionary constraint is seen on the anti-oxidant gene , sod3.
as expected , tp53 gene was under significant selection pressure in mammals , owing to its major role in tumor progression.
poly-adp-ribose polymerase ( parp ) genes displayed the most sites under positive selection.
we explored height , polymorphisms in genes related to growth processes as main effects and their possible interactions.
results : the results suggest that height is associated with high-grade prostate cancer risk.
genetic variants in the growth pathway gene showed an association with prostate cancer risk.
the effect of genetic variants in the genes related to growth is seen in all cases and high-grade prostate cancer.
there is no interaction between these two exposures.
the aim of this article is to provide a general overview of trends impacting the faculty of u.s. dental schools.
data used are from the american dental association ( ada ) and the american dental education association ( adea ) .
the first part of the report describes general characteristics of faculty trends , and the second part provides an analysis of those trends.
information on the incidence of these lesions and association with cognition and dementia from longitudinal population studies is scarce.
incident dementia was assessed according to the international guidelines.
results : twenty-one percent of the study participants developed new infarcts.
the risk of incident infarcts in men was higher than the risk in women ( @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.5-2.3 ) .
conclusions : men are at greater risk of developing incident brain infarcts than women.
persons with incident brain infarcts decline faster in cognition and have an increased risk of dementia compared with those free of infarcts.
epigenetic programs regulate the development and maintenance of organisms over a lifetime.
these programs are carried out through chemical modifications of dna and proteins such as histones and transcription factors.
thus , there is a great deal of cross-talk between the p53 protein and epigenetic programs.
this review collects the diverse experimental evidence that leads to these conclusions.
no association was found in ad.
background : agonist and antagonist muscle co-contractions during motor tasks are greater in the elderly than in young adults.
during normal walking , muscle co-contraction increases with gait speed in young adults , but not in elderly adults.
we compared muscle co-contractions of the ankle joint between young and elderly subjects during a functional stability boundary test at different speeds.
methods : fifteen young adults and @number@ community-dwelling elderly adults participated in this study.
the task was functional stability boundary tests at different speeds ( preferred and fast ) .
electromyographic evaluations of the tibialis anterior and soleus were recorded.
the muscle co-contraction was evaluated using the co-contraction index ( ci ) .
results : there were no statistically significant differences in the postural sway parameters between the two age groups.
elderly subjects showed larger ci in both speed conditions than did the young subjects.
this indicates that fast movements cause different influences on dynamic postural control in elderly people , particularly from the point of view of muscle activation.
these findings highlight the differences in the speed effects on muscle co-contraction of the ankle joint during dynamic postural control between the two age groups.
methods : yarning circles were held with aboriginal and torres strait islander people aged @number@ years and over.
each yarning circle was facilitated by an aboriginal researcher who incorporated six indicative questions into each discussion.
results : a total of @number@ older aboriginal people participated in ten yarning circles across six sites in the state of new south wales.
participants associated falls with physical disability , a loss of emotional well-being and loss of connection to family and community.
conclusions : older aboriginal people reported falls to be a priority health issue , with a significant impact on their health and well-being.
few older aboriginal people accessed prevention programs , suggesting there is an important need for targeted aboriginal-specific programs.
a number of important program elements were identified which if incorporated into prevention programs , may help to address the rising burden of falls.
the mean age were @number@ ± @number@ years old , @percent@ were female.
mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) was used to assess cognitive function by trained neurology doctors.
results : the prevalence of hyperuricemia and mci was @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
with the increase of sua levels , the prevalence of mci showed a strong decreasing linear trend.
adherence to medi was evaluated by an a priori score ( range 0-55 ) , derived from a detailed food frequency questionnaire.
each unit increase in the mediterranean dietary score ( meddietscore ) was associated with a @percent@ decrease in the odds for dementia.
fish consumption was negatively associated with dementia and cognitive performance positively associated with non-refined cereal consumption.
conclusions : our results suggest that adherence to the medi is associated with better cognitive performance and lower dementia rates in greek elders.
thus , the medi in its a priori constructed prototype form may have cognitive benefits in traditional mediterranean populations.
background : since the late @number@'s , a steadily increasing immigrant population in germany is resulting in a subpopulation of aging immigrants.
the german health care system needs to adjust its services-linguistically , culturally , and medically-for this subpopulation of patients.
immigrants make up over @percent@ of the population in germany , yet the majority receive inadequate medical care.
this epidemiological study presents utilization of hpc facilities in berlin with a focus on different immigrant groups.
methods : a validated questionnaire was used to collect data from patients at @number@ hpc institutions in berlin over @number@ months.
all newly admitted patients were recruited.
anonymized data were coded and analyzed by using spss and compared with the population statistics of berlin.
results : @number@ questionnaires were completed and included in the analysis.
at @percent@ the proportion of immigrants accessing hpc was significantly ( p < 0 , 001 ) below their proportion in the general berlin population.
median age at first admission to hpc was younger in immigrants than non-immigrants : 61-70 vs. 71-80 , p = @number@
conclusions : immigrants are underrepresented in berlin´s hpc and immigrants on average make use of care at a younger age than non-immigrants.
in this regard , turkish immigrants in particular have the poorest utilization of hpc.
these results should prompt research on turkish immigrants , regarding access barriers , since they represent the largest immigrant group.
this may be due to a lack of cultural sensitivity of the care-providers and a lack of knowledge about hpc among immigrants.
in the comparison of the kinds of institutions , immigrants are less likely to access outpatient hospice services compared to pc.
apparently , pc appear to be a smaller hurdle for utilization.
these findings correspond with studies suggesting increased health concerns in immigrants.
focused research is needed to promote efforts in providing adequate and fair access to hpc for all people in berlin.
purpose of review : to describe how to better identify frail multiple myeloma patients and to treat them appropriately.
however , both in clinical trials and in daily clinical practice , elderly multiple myeloma patients have shown lesser benefit.
this is mainly due to less stringent use of proteasome inhibitors and imids , increased toxicity , and subsequent early discontinuation of therapy in elderly.
summary : multiple myeloma typically affects elderly patients.
approximately one-third of patients are older than @number@ years at diagnosis.
data on the feasibility and efficacy of current standards of care are therefore lacking in frail patients.
preliminary data suggest a higher toxicity and discontinuation rate , loss of efficacy , and impaired quality of life in frail patients.
geriatric assessment helps to identify frail patients according to their functional and cognitive status.
ongoing and future clinical trials , specifically designed for frail patients , will hopefully define frailty-directed treatment selection.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 785-801.
persons with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection often develop complications related directly to the infection , as well as to treatment.
aging , lifestyle factors , and comorbidities increase the risk of developing chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
hiv-associated neurologic complications encompass a wide spectrum of pathophysiology and symptomatology.
cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions are common among persons with hiv infection.
although some specific antiretroviral medications have been linked to disease development , traditional risk factors ( e.g. , smoking ) have major roles.
antiretroviral-associated metabolic complications include dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia , and loss of bone mineral density.
newer options generally pose less risk of significant systemic toxicity and are better tolerated.
family physicians who care for patients with hiv infection have a key role in identifying and managing many of these chronic complications.
design : cross-sectional study.
associations were analysed using multivariable linear regression.
results : a total of @percent@ reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms and @percent@ reported probable depression.
sense of coherence , the coping strategy acceptance , neuropathic pain and leisure-time physical activity explained @percent@ of the variance in depressive symptoms.
conclusion : older adults with long-term spinal cord injury report a low presence of probable depression.
this study aims to evaluate the impact of synkinesis on uvfp patients.
study design a retrospective case-control study.
setting medical center.
subjects and methods patients with uvfp onset > 6 months were recruited ( n = @number@ ) .
results according to the lemg analysis , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had synkinesis , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) did not.
however , patients with synkinesis have better disease-related quality of life than do those without synkinesis.
the dramatic increase in smartphone usage has spurred the development of many health-related mobile applications ( apps ) .
on the other hand , population aging and the associated rise in the incidence of chronic disease is increasing the demand for long-term care.
effective chronic disease self-management has been shown to help patients improve their health condition.
numerous smartphone applications currently support patient self-management of chronic disease , facilitating health management and health promotion.
we investigated whether there are causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations and features of skin aging in a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.
associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin d and skin aging features were tested by multivariable linear regression.
mendelian randomization analyses were performed using single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from previous genome-wide association studies.
smoking can transiently modify the regulation of blood pressure ( bp ) by a swift effect on the autonomic nervous system.
it also accelerates arterial aging , which plays a role in chronic hypertension.
chronic sympathetic activation induced by tobacco smoking also has some involvement in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance , both implicated in atheromatous disease.
thus , smoking can contribute to the development of atheromatous renal artery stenosis , which is an aggravating cause of hypertension.
it may also reduce the effectiveness of most antihypertensive drugs.
finally , it is often associated with increased alcohol consumption.
all these factors may contribute to poor blood pressure control in these high-risk cv patients.
smoking cessation is effective regardless of patient age and length of consumption.
every effort should thus be made to support smoking cessation.
additionally , diets on the day of dialysis and on nondialysis days were evaluated.
results : compared with the elder-healthy group , the elder-hd group showed a lower total bhei-r score ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the elder-hd group showed poorer dietary quality and higher consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods than the elder-healthy group.
moreover , when compared with the nondialysis day , these patients exhibited worse dietary quality , on the day of dialysis.
background : the hypogonadism impact of symptoms questionnaire short form ( his-q-sf ) is a patient-reported outcome measurement designed to evaluate the symptoms of hypogonadism.
the his-q-sf is an abbreviated version including17 items from the original 28-item his-q.
aim : to conduct item analyses and reduction , evaluate the psychometric properties of the his-q-sf , and provide guidance on score interpretation.
methods : a 12-week observational longitudinal study of hypogonadal men was conducted as part of the original his-q psychometric evaluation.
participants completed the original his-q every @number@ weeks.
blood samples were collected to evaluate testosterone levels.
clinicians completed the clinical global impression of severity and change scales and a clinical form.
main outcome measures : item performance was evaluated using descriptive statistics and rasch analyses.
reliability ( internal consistency and test-retest ) , validity ( concurrent and know groups ) , and responsiveness were assessed.
results : one hundred seventy-seven men participated ( mean age = @number@ years , range = 23-83 ) .
for key domains , test-retest reliability was very good , and construct validity was good for all domains.
known-groups validity was demonstrated for all domain scores , subdomain scores , and total score based on the clinical global impression-severity.
all domains and subdomains were responsive to change based on patient-rated anchor questions.
clinical implications : the his-q-sf could be a useful tool in clinical practice , epidemiologic studies , and other academic research settings.
strengths and limitations : careful consideration was given to the selection of the final his-q-sf items based on quantitative data and clinical expert feedback.
overall , the reduced set of items demonstrated strong psychometric properties.
conclusion : similar to the original his-q , the his-q-sf has evidence supporting reliability , validity , and responsiveness.
the short form includes a smaller set of items that might be more suitable for use in clinical practice or academic research settings.
gelhorn hl , roberts lj , khandelwal n , et al.
psychometric evaluation of the hypogonadism impact of symptoms questionnaire short form ( his-q-sf ) .
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 1046-1058.
background : there is little knowledge about the consumption of alcohol among chinese and norwegian older adults aged @number@ years and over.
the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors related to alcohol consumption among older adults in china and norway.
mulitvariable logistic regression was used to test the factors related to alcohol consumption.
results : the prevalence of participants who drink alcohol in the chinese and norwegian sample were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the weighted prevalence of participants with consumption of alcohol in the chinese sample of women and men were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
in the norwegian sample , the prevalence of consumption of alcohol were @percent@ and @percent@ for women and men , respectively.
in addition , rural males and older females with higher level of education were more likely to consume alcohol.
conclusion : the alcohol consumption patterns were quite different between china and norway.
background : self-reported health is a widely used measure of health status across individuals.
as the ageing population increases , the health of the elderly also becomes of growing concern.
the elderly go through life facing social , economic and financial hardships.
these hardships are known to affect the health status of people as they age.
the purpose of this study is to assess social and health related factors of self-reported health among the elderly in ghana.
the results showed that the odds of reporting poor health was @number@ times higher among the old-old compared to the young old.
the elderly with one or more than one chronic condition had the odds of @number@ times and @number@ times respectively , of reporting poor health.
engaging in mild to moderate exercise increased the chances of reporting poor health by @number@ times.
the elderly who had never worked in a lifetime were @number@ times more likely to report poor health.
respondents with functional limitations and disabilities were @number@ times and @number@ times respectively , more likely to report poor health.
also , current alcohol users were @percent@ less likely to report poor health.
conclusion : the health status of the elderly is to an extent determined by the circumstances in which they are born , grow and live.
the findings suggest that addressing social issues faced by individuals in youthful age will go a long way to achieving good health in the future.
people with physical limitations and disabilities are most vulnerable to unmet healthcare needs and support system from government , policy makers and family.
mets was defined according to the revised national cholesterol education program's adult treatment panel iii ( ncep atpiii ) criteria.
results : the overall prevalence estimates of mets among longevity group were @percent@ based on ncep atpiii criteria.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with stroke , cognitive impairment , and cardiovascular death.
some predisposing factors - as aging , diabetes , hypertension - induce and maintain electrophysiological and ultrastructural remodeling that usually includes fibrosis.
interatrial conduction disturbances play a crucial role in the initiation of atrial fibrosis and in its associated complications.
the diagnosis of interatrial blocks ( iabs ) is easy to perform using the surface ecg.
methods : this is a retrospective observational study using publicly available hospital compare data and medicare part a claims data.
hospitals were ranked based on risk-adjusted excess readmission ratios.
patient demographic and hospital characteristics were compared for the two cohorts using t-tests.
the percentages of readmissions in each cohort attributable to the top three readmission diagnoses were examined.
[ full article available at @url@
currently , little is known about how these relationships vary across the lifespan.
study design : this is a cross-sectional study.
the inter-relationships were assessed using both mediation analyses and general linear models.
intravenous immunoglobulin ( ivig ) is a complex mixture drug comprising diverse immunoglobulins and non-igg proteins purified from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors.
approved ivig products on the market differ regarding source of plasma , isolation process , and formulation.
in this study , high-resolution analytics were applied to better understand the composition of ivig and product variations.
we characterized three approved ivig products : gammagard® , privigen® , and octagam®.
we also compared the effect of aging on these products to identify changes in size distribution and posttranslational modifications.
the prevalence of low vitamin d status in the elderly population of subtropical area and the potential risk / protective factors have not been addressed.
serum 25-oh vitamin d , calcium , and intact parathyroid hormone were also measured.
the results demonstrated a low vitamin d status in @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women.
dietary vitamin d intake was another factor associated with vitamin d status ( p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , low vitamin d status was common in the elderly of subtropical rural areas.
low sun exposure and inadequate dietary vitamin d consumption were associated with a low vitamin d status in females and males , respectively.
slow walking speed is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes , including cognitive impairment , in the older population.
moreover , adequate walking speed is crucial to maintain older pedestrians ' mobility and safety in urban areas.
steady state walking speed was assessed under single- and dual-task conditions at preferred and fast walking speed.
additionally , functional lower extremity strength ( 5-chair-rises test ) , subjective health rating , and retrospective estimates of fall frequency were recorded.
consequently , training measures to improve the older population's cognitive and physical fitness should be promoted to enhance walking speed and safety of older pedestrians.
endothelial cell ( ec ) dysfunction has been reported in cystic fibrosis ( cf ) patients.
thus , the availability of cf ec is paramount to uncover mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in cf.
using collagenase digestion , we isolated cells from small fragments of pulmonary artery dissected from non-cf lobes or explanted cf lungs.
these cells were a heterogeneous mixture , containing variable percentages of ec.
with this method , we obtained up to @percent@ pure non-cf and cf-paec.
these cells recapitulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression and functions of the parental cells.
design : systematic review and random effect meta-analysis.
participants : studies including adults and older adults without a dementia diagnosis were included.
measurements : medline ( pubmed ) , amed , psych info , and cochrane central databases were searched for articles until @date@ .
the newcastle-ottawa scale and physiotherapy evidence database assessed methodological quality of all studies.
results : twenty-six observational and three intervention studies ( n = 19-9 , 556 ) were included in the meta-analysis.
vitamin d supplementation showed no significant benefit on cognition compared with control ( smd = @number@ ci = @number@ to @number@ ) .
from the evidence to date , there is likely a therapeutic age window relevant to the development of disease and therefore vitamin d therapy.
the hippo pathway plays an evolutionarily conserved fundamental role in controlling organ size in multicellular organisms.
the hippo signaling pathway is regulated by various stimuli , such as mechanical stress , g-protein coupled receptor signaling , and cellular energy status.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ( pparγ ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with an important role in lipid metabolism , inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
pparγ ligands have inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation via the camp pathway , which may confer them a protective cardioprotective role.
here , we report a computational study to describe the ligand binding and the experimental antiplatelet profiles of edaglitazone and ciglitazone.
both ligands presented similar orientations within the pparγ binding site.
the bulkier and longer tail of edaglitazone exhibited additional hydrophobic interactions , explaining its stronger binding to pparγ supported by binding affinity calculations.
on the other hand , both edaglitazone and ciglitazone displayed an antiplatelet activity , but only edaglitazone retained such effect at low concentrations.
furthermore , we evidenced that edaglitazone increases intraplatelet camp levels and prevents pparγ secretion , explaining its greater antiplatelet activity.
altogether , the more potent pparγ agonist edaglitazone seems to be a potent antiplatelet agent.
vitamin d insufficiency is common , correctable , and influenced by genetic factors , and it has been associated with risk of several diseases.
we used whole-genome sequencing data from @number@ individuals through the uk10k program and deep-imputation data from @number@ individuals genotyped genome-wide.
oxidative stress may instigate or accelerate the development of vascular disease , and oxidative stress markers are elevated in ad.
extensive wmh , but not ad , was associated with higher serum concentrations of 8-isoprostane and lph.
peripheral lph concentrations mediated the effect of hypertension on deep , but not periventricular , wmh volumes.
4-hydroxynonenal was associated with hyperlipidemia and cerebral microbleeds , but not with extensive wmh or ad.
recent studies indicate that non-coding rnas which are closely associated with cancer are abnormally expressed under hypoxia.
here , we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of a cancer associated long non-coding rna ( lncrna ) , hotair , under hypoxic conditions.
our studies demonstrate that hotair expression is upregulated under hypoxia in colon cancer and several other types of cancer cells.
hotair transcription is regulated by hif1α which binds to the hypoxia response elements ( hre ) present in the hotair promoter under hypoxia.
hif1α knockdown results in decreased hotair expression under hypoxia.
along with hif1α , histone methylases mll1 and histone acetylase p300 are enriched at the hotair promoter under hypoxia.
the levels of h3k4-trimethylation and histone acetylation are also enriched at the hotair promoter.
furthermore , knockdown of mll1 downregulated the hypoxia-induced hotair expression , indicating key roles of mll1 in hypoxia-induced hotair expression.
overall , our studies demonstrate that histone methyl-transferase mll1 coordinates with hif1α and histone acetyltransferase p300 and regulate hypoxia-induced hotair expression.
the hypoxia-induced upregulation of hotair expression may contribute to its roles in tumorigenesis.
the cognitive neuroscience of aging is a growing and stimulating research area.
strengths and weaknesses of functional nirs in the field of cognitive aging are presented and finally , novel perspectives of research are proposed.
new graduates account for the highest numbers of nurses entering and exiting the profession.
turnover is costly , especially in specialty settings.
nurse residency programs are used to retain new graduates and assist with their transition to nursing practice.
residency participants also perceived the residency as beneficial.
because residency programs vary in curricula and length , effectively comparing outcomes is difficult.
more longitudinal data are needed.
data on residency programs specific to perioperative nursing are lacking.
considering the aging perioperative nursing workforce , residency programs could address critical needs for succession planning.
topical agents are frequently prescribed for elderly patients as first-line therapy because of their localized impact and minimal systemic effects.
effective use of topical treatments should be prioritized to ensure elderly patients can be effectively managed prior to advancing to photo- or systemic treatment modalities.
hippo pathway deregulation occurs in many human cancers , but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
here , we report tyrosine phosphorylation of the hippo pathway tumor suppressor lats1 as a mechanism underlying its regulation by cell adhesion.
cell matrix adhesion activated the hippo pathway effector transcription coactivator yap partially through src-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of lats1.
aberrant src activation abolished the tumor suppressor activity of lats1 and induced tumorigenesis in a yap-dependent manner.
protein levels of src in human breast cancer tissues correlated with accumulation of active yap dephosphorylated on the lats1 target site.
background : most adults with chronic conditions live at home and rely on informal caregivers to provide support.
however , we know little about the impact of web-based interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling adults with chronic conditions.
methods : a rapid evidence review of the current literature was employed to address the study purpose.
embase , medline , psychinfo , cinahl , cochrane , and ageline were searched covering all studies published from @date@ to @date@ .
results : a total of @number@ papers ( @number@ studies ) were included in this review.
study findings were mixed with both statistically significant and nonsignificant findings on various caregiver outcomes.
of the @number@ included studies , @number@ had at least one significant outcome.
the most commonly assessed outcome was mental health , which included depressive symptoms , stress or distress , and anxiety.
twelve papers examined the impact of interventions on the outcome of depressive symptoms ; @number@ found a significant decrease in depressive symptoms.
three studies examined the outcome of anxiety ; @number@ of these found significant reductions in anxiety.
further rigorous research is needed that includes adequately powered studies examining the critical components of the intervention and the dosage needed to have an effect.
chronic immune activation persists despite antiretroviral therapy ( art ) in hiv + individuals and underpins an increased risk of age-related co-morbidities.
we assessed the frailty index in older hiv + australian men on art.
@percent@ were frail , and @percent@ were non-frail.
these data suggest that frailty is associated with increased innate immune activation and abnormal lipidomic profile.
these markers should be investigated in larger , longitudinal studies to determine their potential as biomarkers for frailty.
loneliness is a common experience among older people that is associated with health risks and negative well-being.
as a psychological phenomenon , it has typically been defined in western research literature as the discrepancy between desired and actual interpersonal relations.
thirty-seven community-dwelling , chinese adults aged @number@ and above were interviewed in focus groups and their accounts analysed and interpreted using a phenomenological approach.
the study aims to determine the spatial and temporal variation of a longevous region and explore the correlation between longevity and socioeconomic development.
population data at the township level were obtained from the last four population censuses ( 1982-2010 ) .
five main lifespan indicators and the human development index ( hdi ) were calculated.
getis-ord g , gravity modeling , and pearson's
the relative importance of the forward and reflected wave components in essential hypertension has not yet been fully elucidated.
methods and results : our state-of-the-art 1-d model was extended to include turbulence and inertial effects of the flow exiting the left ventricle.
literature data on the age-associated changes in arterial stiffness , peripheral resistance and cardiac contractility were gathered and used as an input for the simulations.
the predicted evolution of pressure and augmentation index with age followed accurately the curves obtained in a number of large-scale clinical studies.
conclusions : the 1-d model of the ageing tree and heart captures faithfully and with great accuracy the central pressure evolution with ageing.
common scales for physical functioning are not directly comparable without harmonization techniques , complicating attempts to pool data across studies.
we provide an item bank to compare the difficulty of various physical functioning activities.
model-estimated item thresholds were widely distributed across the range of physical functioning.
from test information plots , the lowest precision in each dataset was @number@
item-level harmonization enables direct comparison of physical functioning measures across existing and potentially future studies and across levels of function using a nationally representative metric.
we identified key thresholds of physical functioning items in an item bank to facilitate clinical and epidemiologic decision-making.
twenty participants were interviewed in-depth , and data were analyzed using content analysis.
at the same time , they were impacted on by social and cultural factors.
policies are required that offer more resources to community-dwelling people with disabilities in china.
these findings occurred across both age groups and persevered when holding constant the sample normalization process.
conclusions : sample composition and exclusionary criteria require consideration when selecting an appropriate normative sample against which to compare older adult test performance.
salient differences between typically aging vs. healthy aging older adult norms are discussed.
experimental stroke investigators are therefore under increased pressure to resolve this problem.
acute ischemic stroke represents a severe form of metabolic stress that activates many pathological processes and thereby impairs cellular functions.
traditionally , neuroprotection strategies were designed to improve stroke outcome by interfering with pathological processes triggered by ischemia.
however , stroke outcome is also dependent on the brain's capacity to restore cellular functions impaired by ischemia , and this capacity declines with age.
trends of annual prescription rates were tested using adjusted segmented regression analysis.
drug costs with and without prescribers ' behavioral changes were estimated.
results : a total of @number@ individuals were included and followed during the study period.
among them , @number@ individuals were treated for dementia.
cost savings associated with prescribers ' behavioral changes were estimated at €108 million.
very few studies have investigated mental health in sub-saharan africa ( ssa ) .
da are more frequent among women than men , and individuals affected by one are often affected by the other.
da are associated with adverse outcomes , such as poorer nutrition intake and reduced work efforts.
stressors related to physical health , however , do.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) remains an incurable disease.
thus , even in the era of targeted therapies , cll with alterations in the atm / p53 pathway remains a clinical challenge.
here we generated two mouse models of atm- and trp53-deficient cll.
these animals display a significantly earlier disease onset and reduced overall survival , compared to controls.
we can consider nspcs as endogenous flexible tools to fight against neurodegenerative and neurological disorders and aging.
the first step to accomplish this goal is to target them specifically , by unveiling and understanding their unique markers and signaling pathways.
objectives : several polyphenols from renewable sources were surveyed for dentin biomodification.
color aspect was assessed by optical images after biodegradation whereas collagen cross-linking was investigated by micro-raman spectroscopy.
statistical analysis was performed with repeated-measures two way anova and tukey's test ( p < 0.05 ) .
the mass increase after biomodification followed the same order aforementioned.
nevertheless , after four weeks aging , more hydrophobic agent ( cardanol ) induced the highest resistance against water biodegradation.
aroeira and cardol attained intermediate outcomes whereas pacs provided the lower resistance.
tannin-based agents ( aroeira and pacs ) stained the specimens in dark brown color.
no color alteration was observed with cardol and cardanol treatments.
all four agents achieved crosslinking in micro-raman after one minute application.
significance : in conclusion , major components of cnsl yield overall best dentin biomodification outcomes when applied for one minute without staining the dentin collagen.
this research explores genotype differences ( e2 , e3 , e4 ) in the allocation of visuospatial attention in mid-adulthood.
e2 carriers , however , demonstrated less efficient visual search performance on the dynamic scaling task.
the association of e2 genotype with slower visual search performance complicates the premised protective effects of this allele in cognitive ageing.
moreover , the effects triggered by developmental environmental cues can be transgenerationally transmitted , potentially affecting offspring health outcomes.
resveratrol ( rv ) is a polyphenolic compound naturally produced by plants.
polyphenolic compounds incorporated into medicinal products are beneficial but , rv is rapidly metabolized with an associated decline in biological activity.
notably , the first human skin gene expression study of resveratrol was not published until @number@
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , diabetes and cardiovascular disease constitute three interrelated conditions of strong public health relevance.
elderly individuals account for the largest and the most rapidly growing age segment of the end-stage renal disease population.
the superimposition of aging-related lesions on other kidney diseases evolving in the elderly population makes the clinical picture more complex and reaching diagnosis more challenging.
in elderly ckd patients the high prevalence of comorbidities and the often aberrant metabolism of medications have to be considered in individually tailored treatment strategies.
older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries.
the purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia.
medline searches were conducted for relevant articles , chapters and books published until @date@ .
search terms included dementia , elderly , prison and criminal.
publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references.
as results , there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons.
given the rise in the average age , it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing.
moreover , some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated.
at the present time , legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison.
the orbitofrontal cortex ( ofc ) is vulnerable to normal and pathologic aging.
currently , layer resolution large-scale proteomic studies describing \ "normal \ " age-related alterations at ofc are not available.
de proteins also showed a significant association with several neurologic disorders ; for example , alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
notably , despite age-related changes in individual protein levels , protein co-expression modules were remarkably conserved across age groups , suggesting robust functional homeostasis.
collectively , these results provide biological insight into aging and associated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain normal brain function with advancing age.
background : the stromal vascular fraction ( svf ) of adipose tissue consists of cellular subpopulations with distinct regenerative potential.
aim : in this paper we aimed to systematically review the literature on physical activity's effect on depressive symptoms in parkinson disease.
design : a systematic review of primary research was undertaken and conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews.
data sources : databases scopus , psycho-info , cinahl , pubmed , and proquest cochrance were searched from @date@ to @date@ .
the language was restricted to english.
two reviewers appraised the quality of the data extracted.
the modified jadad scale assessed the quality of the methodology of the published papers.
these @number@ studies included @number@ patients and executed @number@ kinds of physical activity programs.
results of this review show empirical evidence to support the efficacy of physical activity for the population with parkinson's disease.
qigong improved scores in updrs-iii and decreased incidences of multiple non-motor symptoms and depression.
furthermore , a balance-training program , such as tai chi , can improve postural stability and quality of life.
these findings suggest that physical activity , notably aerobic training , could be a good exercise strategy for patients with parkinson's disease.
this historic case series analyses @number@ patients treated in this state from @number@ to @number@
patients aged from @number@ to @number@ years , @number@ males and @number@ females , yielding a ratio of @number@.7 : 1.
most of the patients ( @percent@ ) originated from rural areas in es , @percent@ being farmers.
a higher concentration of cases was observed in municipalities located along the western range of the state.
the most affected organs included the lungs , oropharyngeal mucosa , lymph nodes , skin , and larynx.
tuberculosis , acquired immune deficiency syndrome , leishmaniasis , and intestinal parasites were the most frequently associated infectious diseases.
regarding the number of cases in this series , es emerges as an important endemic area for pcm in brazil.
health disparities among sexual minority adults ages @number@ and older have been documented.
factors such as lifetime discrimination and internalized stigma may deter sexual minority individuals from seeking health services.
this study examined the role of sexual minority identity as a factor that is associated with health information technology use.
data from the 2013-2014 national health interview survey ( nhis ) were analyzed.
findings reveal greater use of health information technology among older sexual minority adults when compared to their heterosexual counterparts.
we report an autopsy-verified case of steroid-responsive encephalopathy with convulsion and a false-positive result from the real-time quaking-induced conversion ( rt-quic ) assay.
brain diffusion and fluid-attenuated inverted recovery mr images revealed edematous cortical hyper-intensity , which diminished after the acute phase.
steroid pulse therapy was partially effective , although he continued to have dementia with myoclonus and psychiatric symptoms , despite resolution of the consciousness disturbance.
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) analysis revealed a normal cell count , with significantly elevated levels of 14-3-3 protein and total tau protein.
in addition , prion protein in the csf was slowly amplified by the rt-quic assay.
prnp gene analysis revealed methionine homozygosity at codon @number@ without mutation.
the patient died of sudden cardiac arrest at @number@ months after the onset of symptoms.
this case indicates that convulsion may cause false-positive rt-quic results , and that a postmortem evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosing similar cases.
methods : post-marketing surveillance data from @number@ patients treated with czp were analyzed.
adverse events ( aes ) observed during the 24-week czp treatment period were recorded.
disease activity was evaluated using das28-esr and das28-crp at baseline , week @number@ week @number@ or at withdrawal.
results : the total period of exposure to czp was @number@ patient-years ( py ) .
aes were reported in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , at an event rate ( er ) of @number@.68 / 100 py.
mean disease activity scores at baseline , as measured by das28-esr and das28-crp , were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ respectively.
mean changes from baseline at the last observation were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ respectively.
eular good or moderate responses were achieved in @percent@ of patients.
longer disease duration , prior biologics use , and treatment without mtx co-therapy were associated with eular no response.
conclusion : in this interim analysis , no new safety signals were observed.
clinical response to czp was observed in approximately two thirds of patients.
epigenetic influences mediating brain iron deposition , oxidative mitochondrial injury , and macroautophagy in parkinson disease and related conditions remain enigmatic.
the anti-atherogenic activity of hdls can be explained by their functionality or quality.
however , hdls possess several other attributes that contribute to their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases.
hdl functionality is regulated by various proteins and lipids making up hdl particles.
moreover , research on pon1 attracted much interest following several studies indicating that it is involved in cardiovascular protection.
however , the mechanisms by which pon1 exerts these effects remain to be elucidated.
importance : schizophrenia is associated with widespread cognitive impairments.
to develop more efficient treatment strategies in patients with schizophrenia , a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these cognitive deficits is needed.
accumulating evidence indicates that genetic risk of schizophrenia may contribute to cognitive dysfunction.
main outcomes and measures : genetic loci identified by conditional false discovery rate analysis.
brain messenger rna expression and brain expression quantitative trait locus functionality were determined.
for @number@ loci , schizophrenia risk alleles were associated with poorer cognitive performance.
the implicated genes are expressed in the developmental and adult human brain.
replicable expression quantitative trait locus functionality was identified for @number@ loci in the adult human brain.
context and objective : : aging causes changes in men and women.
studies have shown that women have worse postural balance and greater functional dependence than men , but there is no consensus regarding this.
design and setting : : cross-sectional at a state university.
for balance , there was no significant difference regarding sex , but there was a difference regarding age ( p < @number@ ) .
for functional independence , there was a difference regarding sex ( p = @number@ ) , but not regarding age.
the variables of age , medications and physical activity were significant for predicting the berg score.
for the barthel index , only age and sex were significant.
conclusions : : there was no sexual difference in relation to postural balance.
however , people who were more elderly presented a high risk of falling.
functional dependence was worse among females.
there was an association between the number of medication drugs and risk of falling.
methods : an observational , cross-sectional , and analytical study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample.
inclusion criteria : minimum age of @number@ years , individual in good health conditions according to a pre-established protocol published by the health care service.
in order to collect the data , we used the validated orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores for aged protocol.
results : the elderly individuals presented normal patterns in more than @percent@ of the appearance and mobility parameters.
there was no relationship between these findings and the progression of age and socioeconomic classes.
women were more likely to show normal appearance of lips and some alterations in lips mobility.
the number of teeth was associated with the volume and shape of lips and with jaw mobility.
conclusion : this study suggests normal patterns of oromyofacial system in most functionally independent elderly individuals.
it supports multidisciplinary action for prevention , promotion , and treatment of the elderly population's oral functions.
this study describes the clinical characteristics of patients with loms followed at a specialized ms center in são paulo.
methods : this prospective cohort study enrolled older men aged @number@ and older living in a veterans care home.
those with confirmed diagnosis of dementia were excluded.
subjects were categorized into normal cognitive function , mild cognitive deterioration , and moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment and were further stratified by physical disability status.
kaplan-meier log-rank test was used for survival analysis.
kaplan-meier unadjusted analysis showed reduced survival probability associated with moderate-to-severe cognitive status and physical disability.
mortality risk was not increased among physically independent subjects with or without cognitive impairment , and physically disabled subjects with intact cognition.
cognitive impairment alone without physical disability did not increase mortality risk in this population.
background : the transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty is advantageous for its quick recovery and low complication rates.
conventional techniques rely on fat removal to contour the lower eyelid.
methods : from december of @number@ to december of @number@ @number@ patients underwent this procedure.
through a transconjunctival incision , the preseptal space was entered and excess orbital fat pads were excised.
more laterally , the orbicularis retaining ligament was released , connecting the dissection with the prezygomatic space.
excised orbital fat was then grafted under the released tear trough ligament to correct the tear trough deformity.
when the patients had significant maxillary retrusion , structural fat grafting was performed at the same time.
results : the mean follow-up was @number@ months.
high satisfaction was noted among the patients treated with this technique.
the revision rate was @number@ percent.
complication rates were low.
no chemosis , prolonged swelling , lower eyelid retraction , or ectropion was seen in any patients.
the mechanism underlying this association is not known.
ltl was measured using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology.
in contrast , only high-sensitive c-reactive protein level was associated with the fto risk allele in the obese subjects.
of particular note , this significant association between the fto risk allele and ltl appeared only in nonobese subjects ( p = @number@ ) .
hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one of the major health concerns worldwide.
genetic factors impact both the risk for hypertension and the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs.
sex- and age-specific variances in the prevalence of hypertension are partly induced by estrogen.
sexual health is a key public health issue.
the older woman faces a number of changes to her sexual health , wellbeing and sexuality.
these changes result in many older women having to adapt to a series of complex transitions that can be challenging.
this article aims to identify and explore some of these changes and how they can have a significant impact on women's quality of life.
the uk has an ageing population.
venepuncture and cannulation are the most commonly performed invasive procedures in health care today.
this genus of viruses is prevalent globally , and can infect patients across a wide age range.
interestingly , disease severity of virus-infected patients is wide-ranging.
definitions of the pathogenesis of alphaviruses , as well as the host factors influencing disease severity , remain limited.
the innate and adaptive immune systems are important host defences against alphavirus infections.
several reports have highlighted the roles of specific immune subsets in contributing to the immune pathogenesis of these viruses.
this phenomenon compromises the host's ability to defend against alphavirus infection and pathogenesis.
in addition , the lack of maturity in the immune system in newborns and infants also results in more severe disease outcomes.
background / objectives : poor appetite in older adults leads to sub-optimal food intake and increases the risk of undernutrition.
the impact of poor appetite on food intake in older adults is unknown.
the aim of this study was to examine the differences in food intake among older community-dwelling adults with different reported appetite levels.
design : cross-sectional analysis of data from a longitudinal prospective study.
setting : health , aging , and body composition study performed in the usa.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling adults aged 70-79.
measurements : a semi-quantitative , interviewer-administered , 108-item food frequency questionnaire designed to estimate dietary intake.
in addition , they were less likely to report consumption of significant larger portion sizes.
conclusion : older adults reporting a poor appetite showed a different dietary intake pattern compared to those with ( very ) good appetite.
purpose : emerging data suggest that african-american women may fare worse than african-american men in health-related quality-of-life ( hrqol ) .
we investigated gender differences in hrqol and tested whether perceived discrimination accounted for these differences.
results : more women reported poor overall hrqol than men ( @number@ vs. @percent@ respectively ) .
these gender disparities remained significant until controlling for potentially confounding variables.
perceived discrimination did not account for gender differences in poor physical hrqol.
purpose : to characterize age-related alterations in the retinal microcirculation , microvascular network , and microstructure in healthy subjects.
custom ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography ( uhr-oct ) was used to acquire six intraretinal layers of the macula.
oct angiography ( octa ) was used to image the retinal microvascular network.
the retinal blood flow velocity ( bfv ) was measured using a retinal function imager ( rfi ) .
age was negatively related to retinal vessel densities , the inner retinal layers , and venular bfv ( p < @number@ ) .
by contrast , age was positively related to opl and pr ( p < @number@ ) .
materials and methods : a randomized experimental design was used in this study.
oral bps are widely used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia.
here , we describe the case of a postmenopausal woman who took oral alendronate for > 3 years for osteoporosis.
the patient presented at the clinic with sharp jaw pain and swelling on the left mandible @number@ months after extraction of the third molar.
clinical examinations identified an inflamed mucosal opening with pus over an area of necrotic bone.
initial images of cone beam computed tomography revealed a sequestrum at the extracted socket.
the bone mineral densities in the femoral neck and lumbar spine improved after @number@ year , and were maintained at the 3-year follow-up.
the serum c-terminal cross-linking telopeptide values also gradually increased from the initial @number@ pg / ml to @number@ pg / ml at the 3-year follow-up.
methods : this was a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
conventional care was provided to the conventional group ( n = 47 , mean age = 80.19±7.53 years ) during the same period.
the effects of the hcsmp-nhr were measured three times : at baseline , week @number@ and week @number@
moreover , these effects were successfully maintained over the @number@ months of the trial.
further research is needed to establish the optimum intervention period and to assess the possibility of nationwide implementation of the hcsmp-nhr.
bone mineral density is known to be a heritable , polygenic trait whereas genetic variants contributing to lean mass variation remain largely unknown.
variants in the tom1l2 / srebf1 locus exert opposing effects tb-lm and tblh-bmd , and have a stronger association with the former trait.
we show that srebf1 is expressed in murine and human osteoblasts , as well as in human muscle tissue.
in osteoporosis , the risk of fracture is influenced by decrease of bone mineral density and deterioration of bone quality.
the latter includes deterioration of the material and structural properties of bone.
in this chapter , bone quality evaluation using quantitative computed tomography is discussed among evaluation methods of various fracture risk.
the degree of mineralization and microstructure are regulated by bone turnover.
in this review , we described determinants of bone quality and strength.
ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide.
methods : data were from a national online survey of @number@ adult australian parkrunners.
scores on nine individual measures and the global personal well-being index ( pwi ) were compared to national , normative data.
regression models tested associations between personal well-being and perceived benefits of parkrun ( mental health and connection to community ) .
results : of @number@ scores , @percent@ of means for parkrunners fell outside overall and age and gender subgroups normative ranges.
pwi was positively associated with perceived community connection for men and with mental health benefit for women.
conclusions : australian parkrunners mostly reflect the general population on personal well-being , except report superior satisfaction with physical health.
purpose of review : the choice for an optimal treatment in older lymphoma patients is a real challenge for hemato-oncologists.
they have to treat a potentially curative lymphoma , and concomitantly protect their patients from unacceptable toxicities.
some recommendations are provided for the major subtypes of lymphomas including the antitumoral treatment and primarily the optimal supportive care.
given the severity of these phenotypes we explored their functional impact in drosophila.
we previously generated null and partial loss-of-function alleles of cac , the homolog of cacna1a in drosophila.
here , we created transgenic wild type and mutant genomic rescue constructs with the two noted conserved point mutations.
in contrast , the p.r1664q variant exhibited loss of function and failed to develop a neurodegenerative phenotype.
hence , the novel r1673p allele produces neurodegenerative phenotypes in flies and human , likely due to a toxic gain of function.
lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) -induced activation of toll-like receptor @number@ ( tlr4 ) elicits the innate immune response and can trigger septic shock if excessive.
two antibodies ( ht4 and ht52 ) inhibit lps-induced human tlr4 activation via novel lps binding-independent mechanisms.
here , we identified an ht4 epitope on lrr13 located close to the tlr4 dimerization interface that plays a role in nfκb activation.
ht4 and ht52 mutually enhanced tlr4 inhibition.
lrr13 is a novel inhibitory epitope and may be useful for developing anti-tlr4 antibodies.
combination therapy with lrr2 and lrr13 may effectively inhibit tlr4 activation.
we examined ( r , r' ) -mnf's effect on glycolysis in panc-1 cells and tumors.
global nmr metabolomics was used to elucidate differences in the metabolome between untreated and ( r , r' ) -mnf-treated cells.
lc / ms analysis was used to quantify intracellular concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate , carnitine , and l-lactate.
changes in target protein expression were determined by western blot analysis.
data was also obtained from mouse panc-1 tumor xenografts after administration of ( r , r' ) -mnf.
the cellular content of kinase-1 and hexokinase @number@ was reduced consistent with diminished pi3k-akt signaling and glucose metabolism.
the presence of the glut8 transporter was established and found to be attenuated by ( r , r' ) -mnf.
lower intratumoral levels of egfr , pyruvate kinase m2 , β-catenin , hexokinase @number@ and p-glycoprotein were also observed.
the incidence of osteoporotic fractures increases with age.
consequently , the global prevalence of osteoporotic fractures will increase with the aging of the population.
in old age , osteoporosis is associated with a substantial burden in terms of morbidity and mortality.
nevertheless , osteoporosis in old age continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated.
based on this evidence , this narrative review discusses the pharmacological management of osteoporosis in the oldest old ( ≥80 years ) .
compared with younger individuals , a larger absolute risk reduction is observed in the elderly because of the higher baseline fracture risk.
therefore , the elderly will benefit more of treatment.
in addition , current osteoporosis therapies also appear to be safe in the elderly.
then , the food intake of the residents was measured by a precise food-weighing method.
results : a total of @number@ residents from nine different nursing homes , @number@ experts and @number@ nonexperts answered the questionnaires.
the relevance of this factor deserves further investigation.
poisson regression models were built to analyze the association between baseline kidney function and cognitive decline.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) cases of incident cognitive decline were observed during the follow-up period.
a 78-year old woman who presented with akinetic mutism was admitted to our hospital.
the atri will share all relevant data and materials with the academic community , corporations , and government organizations.
the atri is slated to play a central role in clinical dementia research in the us in near future.
to cope with an aging society , development of disease-modifying drugs for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is essential.
currently , only symptomatic treatments that suppress clinical manifestations are available.
to enable such early treatment , preclinical ad biomarkers are required.
in this review , we comment on current ad biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood.
in contrast , studies of ftld have shown a limited performance of first-generation pet probes in capturing non-ad-type tau lesions.
new compounds have accordingly been developed and clinically tested , proving to yield a high contrast for tau deposits with high specificity.
for this reason , an important focus of the study of centenarians is their relative resilience to age-related cognitive decline or dementia.
our preliminary data also demonstrated extremely low frequencies of the apolipoprotein e4 allele in supercentenarians.
moreover , postmortem brain samples from supercentenarians demonstrated relatively mild age-related neuropathological findings.
therefore , a more extensive investigation of supercentenarian populations might provide insight into successful brain aging.
dementia has become a priority worldwide in terms of both public health and social care due to its rapidly increasing burden in communities.
therefore , the early identification of possible risk factors and the establishment of preventive and treatment strategies for dementia have become increasingly important.
in this study , the data are prospectively collected using a pre-specified standardized protocol.
clinical trials for ad are now moving toward these earlier stages of the disease , targeting mci due to ad and preclinical ad.
glycosaminoglycans ( gags ) are related to multiple biological functions and diseases.
there is growing evidence that gag concentration and sulfate content increase with age.
the destabilizing mutation a546t in the corneal protein tgfbip leads to lattice-type corneal dystrophy , but symptoms only appear in the fourth decade of life.
we hypothesize that this delayed phenotype can be explained by increased gag sulfation over time.
in contrast , gags did not induce aggregation of wildtype fas1-4 , suggesting that the finding might be specific for lattice corneal dystrophy mutants.
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is one of the most common sleep disorders.
since aging is a risk factor for osa development , it is expected that its prevalence will increase with the current increase in life span.
in recent years , several studies have shown that osa potentially contributes to functional decline , mainly prompted by chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.
low birth weight is associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors , including heart rate and blood pressure.
an amplifying trend of the association with age was observed in the total sample ( p = @number@ ) .
oxidative stress and recently inflammation , have been pointed out as the leading causes of brain aging.
methods and results : several studies suggest that long term consumption of dietary polyphenols offers protection against development of neurodegenerative diseases.
altogether , these molecules open the door to the research of new neuroprotective strategies.
methods : whole-muscle cross sections from the middle portion of the medial rectus were labeled with antibodies against myhci or myhcsto and laminin.
results : the proportion of myhci + sto myofibers was significantly smaller in the orbital and global layer of als compared to control individuals.
conclusions : als , regardless of site of onset , involves a loss of myofibers containing myhci + sto.
only in bulbar-onset cases did aging seem to play a role in the pathophysiological processes underlying the loss of myhci + sto fibers.
background : we evaluated cognitive function and factors associated with cognitive impairment in a cohort of older homeless adults.
we hypothesized that substance use and a history of traumatic brain injury would be associated with cognitive impairment.
methods : we recruited @number@ homeless individuals aged ≥50 years using population-based sampling and conducted structured interviews and neuropsychological testing.
we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between alcohol use and cognition.
results : participants had a median age of @number@ years [ iqr 54-61 ] , @percent@ were men , and @percent@ were african american.
a quarter ( @percent@ ) of participants met criteria for impairment on the 3ms ; @percent@ met criteria for impairment on tmtb.
cues in both tasks corresponded with the index and middle fingers of either the left or right hand.
after a random preparation interval ( pi ) of 100-850ms following the onset of the cue signal , a single-target stimulus indicated the required response.
this remapping requires inhibition to suppress the automatic activation of the ipsilateral responses.
previous research revealed typical reaction time ( rt ) profiles for procues and anticues as a function of pi.
moreover , in both tasks , older participants were less able to increase rt benefits with longer pis , revealing a deficit of response facilitation.
we conclude that both facilitatory and inhibitory impairments contribute to age-related deficiencies in proactive cognitive control.
this extreme phenotype likely harbors highly penetrant risk variants , making it primed for discovery of novel risk genes and pathways for ad.
objective : to search for rare variants contributing to the risk for eoad.
participants were recruited from john p. hussman institute for human genomics , case western reserve university , and columbia university.
the study was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
association between alzheimer disease and genetic variants and genes was measured using logistic regression and sequence kernel association test-optimal gene tests , respectively.
traditional predictors ( age , stroke length , pre-therapy upper limb clinical impairment , infarct volume ) were also investigated.
these predictors outperformed myo-inositol metrics and traditional predictors ( p ≈ @number@.05-1.0 ) .
postzygotic mutations in somatic cells lead to genome mosaicism and can be the cause of cancer , possibly other human diseases and aging.
somatic mutations are difficult to detect in bulk tissue samples.
here , we review the available assays for measuring somatic mutations , with a focus on recent single-cell , whole genome sequencing methods.
impact statement somatic mutations cause cancer , possibly other diseases and aging.
glicentin is a proglucagon-derived peptide mainly produced in the l-intestinal cells.
due to its structure presenting many similarities with the other proglucagon-derived peptides , its measurement is technically challenging.
the recent commercialization of specific detection methods has offered new opportunities to go further in the understanding of glicentin physiology.
here we summarize the current knowledge on glicentin biogenesis and physiological roles.
in the limelight of clinical studies investigating glicentin variation in human , we discuss future directions for potential applications in clinical practice.
changes in checkpoint inhibitory molecules / pathways during aging may be one mechanism that impairs the ability of elderly dcs to activate t cells.
however , little is currently known regarding the combined effects of aging and cancer on dc and t cell inhibitory molecules / pathways.
objective : our aim was to examine sex- and age-specific relationships of sleep behaviors with all-cause mortality rates.
sleep duration was categorized as < @number@ h , 7-8 h and > 8 h.
two sleep quality indices were generated through factor analyses.
' help-seeking behavior for sleep problems ' and ' diagnosis with sleep disorders ' were defined as yes / no questions.
sociodemographic covariates-adjusted cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
conclusions : sex- and age-specific relationships were observed between all-cause mortality rate and specific sleep behaviors among older adults.
sleep duration was assessed in @number@ 2007 / 2008 , @number@ @number@ and @number@
results : sleep duration declined during early adulthood.
women reported shorter sleep than men from age @number@ to @number@ but slept longer than men by age @number@
black young adults reported sleep durations similar to those of white young adults until age @number@ after which blacks slept less than whites.
educational experiences and employment characteristics reduced gender and racial / ethnic disparities , but family relationships exacerbated them.
conclusion : this study is the first to establish the emergence of gender and racial / ethnic disparities in sleep duration during early adulthood.
the network of protein-protein interactions among the bcl-2 protein family plays a critical role in regulating cellular commitment to mitochondrial apoptosis.
anti-apoptotic bcl-2 proteins are considered promising targets for drug discovery and exciting clinical progress has stimulated intense investigations in the broader family.
here , we discuss recent developments in small molecules targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and alternative approaches to targeting bcl-2 family interactions.
these studies advance our understanding of the role of bcl-2 family proteins in physiology and disease , providing unique tools for dissecting these functions.
genomic dna is damaged at an extremely high frequency by both endogenous and environmental factors.
to date , however , the molecular mechanisms and functions of these ubls in the ddr remain largely unknown.
this review summarizes the current status of ptms by ubls in the ddr and their implication in cancer diagnosis , therapy and drug discovery.
methods : women with stage iiic / iv eoc who underwent pds between @date@ - @date@ were included.
medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics and outcomes.
frailty was defined as a fi ≥0.15.
associations were assessed using logistic regression and cox proportional hazards regression.
results : of the @number@ studied , @percent@ had stage iiic disease and mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
median fi was @number@ and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were considered frail with fi ≥0.15.
overall survival ( os ) for the entire cohort was @number@.6months ( m ) .
os was shorter in the frail versus non-frail ( median @number@ vs @number@.9m , p < 0.001 ) .
frailty was independently associated with death ( adjusted hazard ratio : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) after adjusting for known risk factors.
conclusions : frailty is a common finding in patients with eoc and is independently associated with worse surgical outcomes and poorer os.
routine assessments of frailty can be incorporated into patient counseling and decision-making for the eoc patient beyond simple reliance on single factors such as age.
teaching for a practice is more than the dissemination of knowledge and information to the learner.
this paper describes the development , implementation and evaluation of a learning innovation for pre-rn students.
a better memory for negative emotional events is often attributed to a conjoint impact of increased arousal and noradrenergic modulation ( na ) .
a decline in na during aging is well documented but its impact on memory function during aging is unclear.
in keeping with the hypothesis of reduced age-related na influences , older adults showed attenuated induced pd responses to negative emotional events.
the findings highlight a likely contribution of na to negative emotional memory , mediated via arousal that may be compromised with aging.
objective : to translate the tilburg frailty indicator ( tfi ) into chinese and assess its reliability and validity.
methods : a sample of @number@ community-dwelling older people , aged ≥60 years , in a chinese city was included between @date@ and @date@ .
fried's phenotype and frailty index were measured to evaluate criterion validity.
adverse health outcomes ( adl and iadl disability , healthcare utilization , gds-15 , ssrs ) were used to assess predictive ( concurrent ) validity.
results : the internal consistency reliability was good ( cronbach's α = 0.71 ) .
the test-retest reliability was strong ( r = 0.88 ) .
kappa coefficients showed agreements between the tfi items and corresponding alternative measures.
the chinese tfi had excellent criterion validity with the aucs regarding physical phenotype and frailty index of @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the predictive ( concurrent ) validities of the adverse health outcomes and healthcare utilization were acceptable ( aucs : @number@.65-0.83 ) .
background : late-life depression is thought to differ in clinical presentation from early-life depression.
particularly , late-life depression is considered to be more characterized by apathy than is early-life depression.
lacking convincing evidence , this study examines the presence and associated socio-demographic / clinical characteristics of apathy in older compared to younger depressed persons.
apathy was considered present if a score of ≥14 on the apathy scale.
limitations : no causal relationships can be drawn due to the cross-sectional design of the study.
conclusions : in depressed individuals , clinically relevant apathy was more frequently present in older compared to younger persons.
both age groups showed largely the same associated risk factors.
apathy was independently associated with older age , male gender and more severe depression.
in this article , we consider variable selection for correlated high dimensional dna methylation markers as multivariate outcomes.
a novel weighted square-root lasso procedure is proposed to estimate the regression coefficient matrix.
a key feature of this method is tuning-insensitivity , which greatly simplifies the computation by obviating cross validation for penalty parameter selection.
a precision matrix obtained via the constrained ℓ1 minimization method is used to account for the within-subject correlation among multivariate outcomes.
oracle inequalities of the regularized estimators are derived.
the performance of our proposed method is illustrated via extensive simulation studies.
we apply our method to study the relation between smoking and high dimensional dna methylation markers in the normative aging study ( nas ) .
objectives : to determine whether hearing loss is associated with incident physician-diagnosed dementia in a representative sample.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : english longitudinal study of ageing.
participants : adults aged @number@ and older.
conclusion : older adults with hearing loss are at greater risk of dementia than those with normal hearing.
community-based service learning ( cbsl ) provides an opportunity to teach internal medicine residents the social context of aging and clinical concepts.
residents evaluated the experience.
postgraduate year @number@ internal medicine residents ( n = @number@ ) delivered @number@ sessions.
free-text responses demonstrated that residents thought that this program would change their practice.
free-text responses showed that the program helped them understand their health concerns.
this cbsl program is a feasible and effective tool for teaching internal medicine residents and older adults.
setting : five university-based research centers.
intervention : participants were randomized to losartan , omega-3 fish oil ( ω-3 ) , combined losartan and ω-3 , or placebo.
randomization was stratified depending on eligibility for each group.
a titration schedule was implemented to reach a dose that was safe and effective for il-6 reduction.
maximal doses were @number@ mg / d for losartan and @number@ g / d for ω-3.
new assays and analytical tools have become available that start to unravel some of these mechanisms.
independent of chronological age , high circulating levels of proinflammatory markers are associated with a high risk of multiple adverse health outcomes in older persons.
we examine the role of nf-κb activation and its dysregulation and how nf-κb activity differs among subgroups of t cells.
methods : individuals with a self-reported history of stroke were identified from the national health and aging trends study.
activity limitations were defined by the receipt of help in any of @number@ activities of daily living / instrumental activities of daily living.
multivariable linear regression assessed predictors of well-being including medical , physical , cognitive , psychological , and environmental factors.
while some predictors of well-being after stroke were identified , the determinants of well-being remained largely unexplained.
methods : we included @number@ patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke assessed at hospital del mar ( barcelona , spain ) as the discovery cohort.
b-age was estimated with an algorithm , based on dna methylation in @number@ cpgs.
bivariate analysis determined variables associated with 3-mrs for inclusion in ordinal multivariate analysis.
stepwise regression kept b-age , basal nih stroke scale , sex , p-mrs , and recanalization treatment as better explanatory variables , instead of c-age.
these results were successfully replicated in an independent cohort.
conclusions : b-age , estimated by dna methylation , is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke outcome regardless of chronological years.
of the patients in group @number@ and controls showed the appearance of stca or ovarian dysfunction during the follow-up.
conclusions : the presence of stca at high titres can be considered a good predictive marker of subsequent development of autoimmune poi.
to single out the stages of autoimmune poi may allow a timely therapeutic choice in the subclinical and early clinical stages.
behavioural and cognitive impairments have been observed in animals with lower brain dha levels , with emphasis on loss of spatial memory and increased anxiety.
however , providing n-3 fa can restore levels of brain dha in e4 animals and in other models of n-3 fa deficiency.
a histological evaluation of peeling-induced skin changes in subcutaneous undermined preauricular facial skin flaps of nine patients was performed.
two independent evaluators determined the epidermal and dermal thickness and the depth of necrosis ( micrometre ) .
the percentual tissue damage due to the peeling was calculated , and a one-sample t-test for statistical significance was performed.
on the basis of the histomorphological changes , peeling depth was classified as superficial , superficial-partial , deep-partial and full thickness chemical burn.
the histological results revealed a progression of wound depth for different peeling agents without full thickness necrosis.
methods : this study was based on combined data from two research projects focusing on the health and well-being of community-dwelling elderly people in rotterdam.
the first dataset contained data from @number@ native dutch elders aged 70-99 years.
of the @number@ eligible respondents , @number@ returned filled-in questionnaires ( @percent@ response rate ) .
of these @number@ respondents a total of @number@ were natives which is the sample we selected for the current study.
the second dataset contained data from @number@ turkish migrants aged 65-90 years.
all turkish people aged ≥65 years were identified using the rotterdam municipal register and invited to participate.
in total , @number@ turkish respondents returned filled-in questionnaires ( @percent@ response rate ; out of @number@ ) .
ageing perceptions were measured using the 21-item ageing perceptions questionnaire-short ( apq-s ) .
respondents were additionally asked about their current general health , income , education , marital status , age and gender.
results : the results of this study clearly reveal the importance of culture for all ageing perceptions among turkish and dutch elders.
we found that age , health , and education were also important factors.
ageing perceptions were generally more negative among turkish than among dutch elders.
they also believed more firmly that their ageing processes would have both negative and positive effects on their lives.
results revealed poorer health , lower income and educational levels among turkish than among dutch elders.
in addition , many more dutch than turkish elders were single / widowed / divorced.
these resources are health and education for turkish elders , and health and age for dutch elders.
overall , ethnicity remained a significant predictor of ageing perceptions when other resources were taken into account.
background : knowledge on factors affecting the rate of cognitive decline and how to maintain cognitive functioning in old age becomes increasingly relevant.
results : only seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
the evidence of the impact of retirement on the rate of decline in fluid cognitive abilities is conflicting.
conclusion : the review revealed a major knowledge gap in regards to the impact of retirement on cognitive decline.
more knowledge on the association between retirement and age related cognitive decline as well as knowledge on the mechanisms behind these associations is needed.
face perception is characterized by configural processing , which depends on visual information in the low spatial frequency ( lsf ) ranges.
however , it is unclear whether lsf content is equally important for face memory.
results show that similar to face perception , delayed face recognition was consistently facilitated by lsf content.
like face perception , face recognition has a protracted maturational course.
in ( female ) adolescence , sensitivity to configural lsf cues is developed , which aids not only configural face perception but also face memorization.
age-related changes in cognition are partially mediated by the presence of neuropathology and neurodegeneration.
data from the ad neuroimaging initiative ( n = @number@ ) were analyzed , including individuals with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.
parallel process mixed effects regression models characterized longitudinal trajectories of cognitive variables and time-varying changes in brain volumes.
participants performed different mobility and subtraction tasks under both single- and dual-task conditions.
background : gestational diabetes is a risk factor for perinatal complications ; include shoulder dystocia , birth injuries such as bone fractures and nerve palsies.
the study assesses placental peptides and maternal factors as potential predictors of gestational diabetes among pregnant women.
fasting blood glucose and the lipid profile were determined by enzymatic methods using envoy® @number@ reagents ( vital diagnostics , usa ) .
glycated haemoglobin was assessed using the cation exchange resin method.
leptin and the human placenta lactogen were assayed using the sandwich-elisa technique.
beta chorionic gonadotrophin , insulin , progesterone and estradiol were determined using chemilumiscence imunoassay technique on maglumi @number@ analyzer.
anthropometry , including bmi and blood pressure were also measured.
leptin , progesterone and fbg were significantly increased in those who developed gdm.
obesity , aging and family history of diabetes were strongly predictive of gestational diabetes.
background : tofu from aged soybeans is of poor quality , mainly with respect to texture.
texture defects described in the literature are contradictory.
no study has investigated all sensory properties simultaneously.
texture and color were also evaluated via an instrumental method.
the control condition was @number@ °c and @percent@ rh.
coodetec @number@ and brs @number@ cultivars were studied.
results : the effect of soybean accelerated aging on tofu sensory characteristics and acceptance was more pronounced compared to the natural condition.
the two cultivars had a similar behavior.
these characteristics of tofu from aged soybeans implied a low acceptance by consumers.
study design : cross-sectional analysis.
frailty was defined based on frailty-defining diagnosis clusters from the johns hopkins adjusted clinical groups frailty-defining diagnosis indicator.
level of evidence : 2c.
laryngoscope , 128 : 102-110 , @number@
this study examined how caregiver internal resources changed over a @number@ year period , and how this was related to caregivers ' well-being.
we identified subjects who reported being a caregiver at t2 and starting care after t1 ( mean age = @number@ @percent@ female ) .
we evaluated how internal resources changed over time , and how these trajectories were associated with well-being at t2 using multivariable linear regressions.
results : most caregivers had stable levels of internal resources ( between @number@ and @percent@ showed an increase or decrease ) .
lowering aspirations and support seeking were not associated with well-being outcomes.
conclusions : practices or interventions that support or improve internal resources could potentially improve caregiver well-being.
chronological age represents the single greatest risk factor for human disease.
one plausible explanation for this correlation is that mechanisms that drive ageing might also promote age-related diseases.
background : older indigenous adults encounter multiple challenges as their age intersects with health inequities.
sources were reviewed and coded thematically.
results : of the @number@ sources captured , only @number@ concerned technology specifically for older indigenous adults.
conclusions : a key finding is the necessity of meaningful user involvement in technology development , especially in communities struggling with the digital divide.
mutations in the glucocerebrosidase ( gba ) gene are a strong genetic risk factor for the development of parkinson's disease and dementia with lewy bodies.
however the penetrance of gba mutations is low for these diseases in heterozygous carriers.
the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mutation status and cognitive and motor functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.
there was no difference in motor function or any other cognitive domain.
taken together , these results suggest an effect , but an overall limited burden , of harboring a single gba mutation in aging mutation carriers.
increased tendon compliance enlarged gas and sol tendon excursions , shortened fiber operation lengths and affected muscle excitation patterns.
for both muscles , an optimal tendon compliance ( tendon strains of approximately @percent@ with maximum isometric force ) existed that minimized metabolic energy consumption.
however , gas muscle-tendon mechanics and energetics were significantly more sensitive to changes in tendon compliance than were those for sol.
these fundamental differences between gas and sol sensitivity to altered tendon compliance seem to arise from the biarticular nature of gas.
these insights are potentially important for understanding the functional consequences of altered achilles tendon compliance due to aging , injury , or disease.
to do this , we studied @number@ animals ( age , 18-29 y ; weight , @number@.24- @time@ ) .
statistical correlations between the echocardiographic parameters and age , body weight , sex , and heart rate were investigated.
all echocardiographic indices were acquired , and their reference intervals were established.
of the @number@ geriatric rhesus macaques evaluated , @number@ ( @percent@ ) fulfilled the criteria for diastolic dysfunction.
valve regurgitation , especially tricuspid regurgitation ( @percent@ ) , and aortic regurgitation ( @percent@ ) also were common in geriatric rhesus macaques.
although these findings merit follow-up , they are unlikely to have clinical significance given their prevalence in these apparently healthy animals.
aging is normal process , only somehow questioned by the \ "anti-aging wave \ ".
normal and pathological aging are therefore separate developments.
older adults often suffer from the frailty syndrome , partly due to diminished resilience.
aging per se is not a comorbidity.
importantly , the sequences of key proteins involved in ad pathogenesis are highly conserved between sheep and human.
methods : data from @number@ individuals aged 70-87 years from the rugao longevity and ageing study were used.
the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) was used to assess sleep variables.
outcomes were falls ≥1 time per year and falls ≥2 times per year.
results : a total of @percent@ of the participants experienced ≥1 fall , and @percent@ experienced ≥2 falls per year.
the identification of sleep disturbances may help identify high-risk chinese elders who may benefit from fall prevention education.
in the vascular system , ageing is accompanied by the accrual of senescent cells and is associated with an increased risk of vascular disease.
nos3 / enos function is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to maintain normal vascular function.
these findings support a role for the meox proteins in promoting endothelial dysfunction.
however , a comorbid condition of vhd and cad has not been precisely examined.
the first objective of this study was to examine a possible comorbid condition.
methods : the study population consisted of @number@ patients consecutively admitted to our institution.
the possible comorbid condition of vhd and cad and the factors that influence the comorbidity were examined by covariance structure analysis and multivariate analysis.
the real statistical analysis was planned by covariance structure analysis.
however , these factors did not exert an opposing effect on vhd and cad , and the inverse association defied explanation.
conclusions : the incidence of vhd and cad showed a significant conflicting relationship.
this result supported the likely presence of unknown diverse mechanisms on top of the common cascade of atherosclerosis.
among them , the continuous elevation of plasma bnp due to vhd might be one of the explicable factors suppressing the progression of cad.
the present study investigated the role of working memory capacity ( wmc ) in the control of recollection in young and older adults.
targets in a recognition exclusion task were words encoded using two alternative decisions.
the data suggest that aging impairs the ability to engage cognitive control effectively to prioritize what will be recollected.
background : previous studies indicate that psychosocial factors can impact copd prevalence.
however , research into this association has predominantly focused on negative factors such as depression.
the aim of this study was to examine whether high subjective wellbeing is associated with a lower risk of developing copd.
methods : the sample consisted of @number@ participants aged ≥50 years from the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe.
results : there was a significant association between wellbeing and copd risk.
conclusions : greater wellbeing is associated with a reduced risk of copd , particularly in men.
future research is needed to establish whether gender reliably moderates this association.
all human populations display this particularity ; thus , it is difficult to empirically evaluate the conditions for its emergence.
in this study , we used artificial neural networks to model the emergence and evolution of allocation decisions related to reproduction in simulated populations.
when allocation decisions were allowed to freely evolve , both menopause and extensive post-reproductive life-span emerged under some ecological conditions.
this result allowed us to test various hypotheses about the required conditions for the emergence of menopause and extensive post-reproductive life-span.
in contrast , results supported a shared prediction from the grandmother hypothesis and the embodied capital model.
indeed , we found that extensive post-reproductive lifespan allows resource reallocation to increase fertility of the children and survival of the grandchildren.
this result supports the embodied capital model rather than the grand-mother hypothesis.
finally , in simulated populations where menopause had already evolved , we found that reduced post-reproductive lifespan lead to reduced children's fertility and grandchildren's survival.
the results are discussed in the context of the evolutionary emergence of menopause and extensive post-reproductive life-span.
background : postoperative pain and opioid use are associated with postoperative delirium.
the primary outcome was postoperative delirium as measured by the confusion assessment method.
secondary outcomes were postoperative pain , opioid use , and length of hospital stay.
results : data for @number@ patients were included , with a mean ± sd age of @number@ ± @number@ yr.
the incidence of delirium did not differ between the two groups when stratified by surgery type , anesthesia type , or preoperative risk status.
gabapentin was shown to be opioid sparing , with lower doses for the intervention group versus the control group.
however , these have been based on the genetic analysis of clinical case-control series.
here , we apply the same analytic approaches to a pathological case-control series and show a predictive auc of @percent@.
we suggest that this analysis has clinical utility and that there is limited room for further improvement using genetic data.
ann neurol @number@ ; 82 : 311-314.
methods : one hundred symptom-free females , who had no radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis , were evaluated using mfm with 15-marker set.
they were divided into young ( results : kinematic curves showed good or excellent similarity in most parameters.
our results suggest that age-related changes need to be considered in studies evaluating inter-segmental motion of the foot.
consensus is needed on future research directions so that collaborative and timely efforts can be made globally to address this modifiable risk factor.
in this review , we examined current literature to identify gaps and inform future research priorities on st and healthy ageing.
methods : a trained librarian created a search strategy that was peer reviewed for completeness.
results : self-report assessment of the context and type of st is important but the tools tend to underestimate total st.
a secondary yet equally important purpose is to suggest priorities for future research and knowledge translation based on gaps identified.
a five-step delphi consensus process was used.
the surveys specifically probed measurement , health outcomes , interventions , and research priorities.
knowledge users ( n = 3 ) also participated in the consensus meeting.
statements were then sent to the experts for validation.
it was agreed that background : oxidative stress is a major aetiological factor driving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .
recently recognised as potent antioxidants , reactive persulfide and polysulfide species are biosynthesised by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase.
the production of reactive persulfide and polysulfide species in the lungs of patients with copd remain unknown.
methods : lung tissues , primary lung cells , elf and sputum were obtained.
the amounts of synthases in the lung tissues , sputum and primary cells were quantified.
results : the amounts of gssh , cysssh and gsssh were decreased in the lung cells and elf from patients with copd.
the amounts of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in the lung cells had a positive correlation with the degree of airflow limitation.
by contrast , the amounts of the synthases were increased in the lung tissues and sputum cells of patients with copd.
conclusions : we have identified a decrease in reactive persulfide and polysulfide species in the lungs of patients with copd.
objective : to examine the association between the american heart association ( aha ) life's simple @number@ ( ls7 ) metric and brain structure.
background : india's elderly population is rising at an unprecedented rate , with a majority living in rural areas.
health challenges associated with ageing , changing social networks and limited public health infrastructure are issues faced by the elderly and caregivers.
we examined perceptions of health needs of the elderly across local stakeholders in an urbanizing rural area.
we assessed stakeholders ' views on the influence of urbanization on health issues faced and interventions for alleviating these challenges.
we used a conceptual-analytical model to derive themes and used an inductive approach to organizing emerging codes as per a priori themes.
these were organized as per thematic groups and ranked by different authors in order of importance.
bronfebrenner's theory was used to understand stakeholder perspectives and suggest interventions within four identified spheres of influence - individual , household , community and services.
results : stakeholders reported frailty , lack of transport and dependence on others as factors impacting health access of the elderly.
existing public health systems were perceived as overburdened and insensitive towards the elderly.
urbanization was viewed positively , but road accidents , crime and loneliness were significant concerns.
interventions suggested by stakeholders included health service outreach , lifestyle counseling , community monitoring of healthcare and engagement activities.
conclusions : we recommend integrating outreach services and lifestyle counseling within programs for care of the elderly.
community institutions can play an important role in the delivery and monitoring of health and social services for the elderly.
background : many patients are admitted to hospital and are already malnourished.
gaps in practice have identified that care processes for these patients can be improved.
hospital staff , including management , needs to work towards optimizing nutrition care in hospitals to improve the prevention , detection and treatment of malnutrition.
discussions based on a semi-structured schedule were conducted at five diverse hospitals from four provinces in canada as part of the more-2-eat implementation project.
one researcher conducted 2-day site visits over a two-month period to complete all interviews and fgs.
interviews were transcribed verbatim while key points and quotes were taken from fgs.
transcripts were coded line-by-line with initial thematic analysis completed by the primary author.
other authors ( n = @number@ ) confirmed the themes by reviewing a subset of transcripts and the draft themes.
themes were then refined and further detailed.
member checking of site summaries was completed with site champions.
results : participants ( n = @number@ ) included nurses , physicians , food service workers , dietitians , and hospital management , among others.
discussion regarding ways to improve nutrition care in each specific site facilitated the thought process during fg and interviews.
participants described key ingredients to support successful change and specifically engaging the interdisciplinary team to effect sustainable improvements in nutrition care.
trial registration : retrospectively registered clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02800304 , @date@ .
background : studies have shown that inadequate access to healthcare is associated with lower levels of health and well-being in older adults.
studies have also shown significant urban-rural differences in access to healthcare in developing countries such as china.
all models were stratified by urban-rural residence.
however , the increased risk of mortality in urban areas was not significant after taking into account health behaviors and baseline health status.
the associations between access to healthcare and health outcomes were generally stronger among older adults in rural areas than in urban areas.
importance : the issue of the aging physician and when to cease practice has been controversial for many years.
a mandatory retirement age could be discriminatory and take many competent physicians out of practice and risk a physician shortage.
while there are not similar requirements for physicians , a few hospitals have introduced mandatory age-based evaluations.
absent robust professional initiatives in this area , regulators and legislators may impose more draconian measures.
the nf-κb family of transcription factors is essential for an effective immune response , but also controls cell metabolism , proliferation and apoptosis.
its broad relevance and the high connectivity to diverse signaling pathways require a tight control of nf-κb activity.
this substitution caused reduced p65 protein synthesis and diminished tnfα-induced expression of a selected group of nf-κb-dependent genes.
intriguingly , high-fat fed s467a mice displayed increased locomotor activity and energy expenditure , which coincided with a reduced body weight gain.
although glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity was not improved , diet-induced liver inflammation was diminished in s467a mice.
altogether , this study demonstrates that phosphorylation of p65 serine @number@ augment nf-κb activity and exacerbates various deleterious effects of overnutrition in mice.
allele and genotype distribution of this str were studied in patients affected by schizophrenia ( scz ) and controls.
each sample was sequenced twice using the fluorescent dye termination method.
results : novel alleles were detected at the long extreme of the gttt-repeat , at 10- and 11-repeats , in the scz cases and controls.
conclusion : this indicates that str genotypes that are absent in the control group may be risk factors for scz.
future studies are warranted to test the significance of our findings.
malaria transmission-blocking vaccines ( tbv ) have been evaluated in field trials in mali since @number@
we found that younger mosquitoes were significantly associated with higher feeding , survival , and infection rates.
longer starvation times were positively , but not significantly , associated with higher infection rates , but were negatively associated with feeding and survival.
membrane type and body location did not affect infection outcome significantly.
although dusk was found to be associated with higher infection rates , this may be confounded by the time from positive blood smear.
in this study , we report clinical and pathological features of a series of @number@ ucogcs , including the whole exome sequencing of eight ucogcs.
copyright © @number@ pathological society of great britain and ireland.
published by john wiley & sons , ltd.
the diagnosis of alzheimer's disease can be improved by the use of biological measures.
we have developed a strategic five-phase roadmap to foster the clinical validation of biomarkers in alzheimer's disease , adapted from the approach for cancer biomarkers.
cognitive decline in older adults is a major public health problem and can compromise independence and quality of life.
results revealed improvements in domain specific cognitive function in our sample.
baseline cognitive function was correlated with changes in dietary quality.
these findings suggest that tai chi and resistance training combined with diet intervention might be beneficial for community-based programs aiming to improve cognitive function.
objectives : older adults with sarcopenia and malnutrition are at risk for co-morbidities , hospitalization , institutionalization , and mortality.
in case of hospitalization , risks may be further increased , especially in case of suboptimal dietary intake.
three months after hospital discharge , survival and living situation were assessed by a follow-up telephone interview.
fifty-two patients died in the period from hospital admission to three months after discharge ( survival rate @percent@ ) .
higher absolute muscle mass measures and not being malnourished at admission were significantly associated with the likelihood of survival.
different components of muscle health relate to different relevant outcomes and therefore require investigation of specifically targeted interventions in the hospitalized older population.
introduction : the relationships between oral health conditions and frailty have rarely been explored.
design : cross-sectional observational study among patients referred to the geriatric frailty clinic.
physical performance and oral health were correlated ( p < 0.001 ) .
dementia significantly increased the risk of an unhealthy oral status ( p < 0.001 ) .
there was no significant correlation between oral status and depression , just a trend.
conclusion : this pilot study establishes a relationship between the ohat and fried frailty criteria in a population of frail elderly.
we hypothesized that there are differences in the decision-making process for young and old patients.
multivariate logistic regression showed a high saps ii score and age ≥70yo as independent risk factors for dwlsts in the icu.
we did not find age ≥70yo as an independent risk factor for mortality in icu.
conclusion : we found that age ≥70yo was an independent risk factor for dwlsts for patients in the icu , but not for their mortality.
reasons leading to dwlsts are different according to the age of patients.
yet the majority of preceding research has been focused on physical performance.
this study aims to evaluate the association between fall and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly.
cross-sectional data of @number@ men and @number@ women was collected from old korean adults living in seongnam , korea.
geriatric fall assessment was conducted by self-report questionnaires.
depressive symptoms were assessed by the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
results indicated that depressive symptoms were associated with both fall and fear of falling in old adults.
a clear gender difference was newly discovered , as depression played a stronger role in women.
these results imply that clinicians should consider the negative affect of geriatric patients when assessing fall risk.
also , measures against depression might be effective in reducing falls.
background and objective : muscular dysfunction and cognitive impairment are both disabling states , affecting especially the elderly.
thus , are important subjects of research.
our goal is to describe the association between these two entities in the elderly.
methods : this is a secondary analysis from the sabe @number@ bogota survey , which is a cross-sectional study.
we define muscular dysfunction as an abnormal result in gait speed and / or handgrip strength tasks.
cognitive impairment was defined as an abnormal result in mini mental state examination.
other independent variables were measured.
results : a total of @number@ older adults were included in the analysis.
conclusion : in older adults , muscular dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment.
new studies should address the causality and temporality of this relationship.
objective : to analyze the association between frailty and fear of falling ( fof ) in a cohort of older adults with previous falls.
design : cross-sectional study ( fistac ) .
setting : falls unit , complejo hospitalario universitario of albacete ( spain ) .
participants : @number@ adults older than @number@ years , from the falls unit , with a history of a previous fall in the last year.
measurements : fof was assessed at baseline using the falls efficacy scale international ( fes-i ) and three questions previously validated.
frailty was assessed with the frailty phenotype criteria.
age , gender , comorbidity , nutritional status , cognitive status and risk of depression were determined.
results : mean age @number@ @percent@ women.
only female sex and depression risk were also associated to fof in the final adjusted models.
conclusion : frailty is independently associated with the fof syndrome in older faller subjects.
background : a thorough understanding of gender differences in physical activity is critical to effective promotion of active living in older adults.
objectives : to examine gender and age differences in levels , types and locations of physical activity.
design : cross-sectional observation.
setting : car-dependent urban and rural neighborhoods in worcester county , massachusetts , usa.
participants : @number@ men and @number@ women aged @number@ years and older.
measurements : from @number@ to @number@ participants were queried on type , frequency and location of physical activity.
participants wore an accelerometer for @number@ consecutive days.
men reported higher frequencies of any physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity , and a lower frequency of physical activity inside the home.
mean daily step counts and frequency of physical activity outside the home decreased progressively with age for both men and women.
women had a sharper decline in frequencies of self-reported physical activity.
men had a significant decrease in utilitarian walking , which women did not ( p = 0.07 ) .
conclusion : levels , types and location preferences of physical activity differed substantially by gender.
levels of physical activity decreased progressively with age , with greater decline among women.
consideration of these gender differences is necessary to improve the effectiveness of active living promotion programs among older adults.
no consensus exists about the accurate prevalence rates of frailty.
the various operational definitions of frailty can at least partly explain such discrepancies.
objective : to compare the prevalence of frailty , measured with different diagnostic tools , among elderly nursing home residents.
setting : nursing homes.
population : a total of @number@ volunteer subjects from @number@ nursing homes were included in this analysis.
among them , the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) of them were women.
measurement : the percentages of frail and non-frail subjects were calculated according to @number@ different definitions.
results : prevalence of frailty varies from @percent@ ( frailty index ) to @percent@ ( groningen frailty indicator ) depending on the tool used.
conclusions : the prevalence of frailty is highly dependent on the diagnostic tool used.
it would be necessary to reach a consensus on which diagnostic tools to use if one wishes to have comparable data obtained in epidemiological studies.
background : chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) complicates hypertension and diabetes.
knowledge of the deterioration rate of ckd may anticipate adjustment of therapies with renal elimination.
results : dm2 and non-dm did not differ for age , mean 24-hour bp levels , nighttime bp , albuminuria , and body mass index.
dm2 versus non-dm showed a higher ( conclusion : progressive deterioration of renal function each year is frequent in hypertensive diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
beyond aging , this is particularly dependent on bp control particularly at nighttime , on drug therapy , and on highly abnormal glucose control.
purpose : early-onset alzheimer's disease ( eoad ) has a different pathologic burden and clinical features compared with late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
background : uncomplicated frailty instruments are desirable for use in a busy clinical setting.
materials and methods : we conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study on @number@ patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized on geriatric wards.
follow-up data were obtained up to @number@ year after the baseline examination.
results : the mean fi-lab score was @number@.34±15 , with an upper limit of @number@
the fi-lab was correlated with all the other frailty instruments ( all conclusion : the fi-lab showed key characteristics of an fi.
the fi-lab can be applied as a single frailty measure or in combination with / in addition to other frailty instruments.
the objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic control and muscle vasodilation response during isometric exercise in sedentary and physically active older adults.
variables were analyzed at baseline and during @number@ minutes of isometric exercise.
cardiac autonomic parameters were analyzed by wilcoxon and mann-whitney tests.
muscle vasodilatory response was analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by tukey's post hoc test.
however , the effect of transient and persistent geriatric aki on short-term mortality is unclear.
we aimed to study the incidence , clinical characteristics , and prognostic impact of transient and persistent aki in such patients.
aki was defined according to the @number@ kidney disease : improving global outcomes criteria.
aki patients were divided into transient or persistent aki groups based on their renal function at @number@ days post-aki.
renal function recovery was defined as a return to the baseline serum creatinine ( scr ) levels.
results : in total , @number@ geriatric patients ( @percent@ ) experienced aki , and @number@ satisfied the inclusion criteria.
of these @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had transient aki , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had persistent aki.
the 90-day mortality was @percent@ in patients with transient aki and @percent@ in patients with persistent aki.
more frequent scr measurements may be helpful for the early diagnosis of transient geriatric aki.
persistent geriatric aki is independently associated with a significantly higher risk of 90-day mortality.
this study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and its association with adverse outcomes in community dwelling older adults.
methods : a cross-sectional study was carried out from april to @date@ .
conclusion : approximately @number@ out of @number@ older adults demonstrate frailty.
background : age-associated brain physiologic decline and reduced mobility are key elements of increased age-associated vulnerability.
objective : to study the frequency of frailty phenotype and its association with mental health and survival in older chileans.
methods : follow-up of alexandros cohorts designed to study disability associated with obesity in community-dwelling people @number@ years and older living in santiago , chile.
after 10-15 years , @number@ people were evaluated and @number@ had died.
information regarding deaths was available for the whole sample.
the risk for death was higher for frail people , but underlying cognitive impairment is a key component of the lower survival rate.
background : globally the older population is increasing rapidly.
due to complexity of care , health care professionals face challenges in providing effective case management and avoiding unplanned admissions to hospital.
the sign-rank test examined matched data on bed days , ed presentations , and unplanned hospital admissions pre- and post-cvw implementation.
other risk factors for admission to hospital were examined using the mann-whitney test pre-and post-cvw admission , including falls , living alone , and cognition.
background : the early stages of a systematic review set the scope and expectations.
this can be particularly challenging for complex interventions given their multidimensional and dynamic nature.
rationale : this paper builds on concepts introduced in paper @number@ of this series.
it describes the methodological , practical , and philosophical challenges and potential approaches for formulating the questions and scope of systematic reviews of complex interventions.
furthermore , it discusses the use of theory to help organize reviews of complex interventions.
this paper provides conceptual and operational guidance for these early stages of scope formulation to assist authors of systematic reviews of complex interventions.
autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic process involving in the degradation and recycling of unnecessary or damaged proteins and organelles.
emerging evidence indicates that autophagy dysfunction is closely related to various human diseases including cancer , aging , myopathies and neurodegenerative disorders.
here , using genetic knockdown , we uncover the role of numb , an endocytic adaptor protein , in regulating the late steps of autophagy.
we found that numb depletion led to the accumulation of autophagic vacuole , as verified by rfp-lc3 staining combined with transmission electron microscopy.
further investigation indicated that numb depletion impaired autophagic degradation through inhibiting the activities of lysosomal enzymes ( cathepsin d , β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase ) .
moreover , numb depletion induced elevation of lysosomal ph values and decrease of glycosylated lysosome-associated membrane proteins.
we further observed that rab7 activity was inhibited in numb-depleted cells.
together , our findings revealed a novel function of numb and its likely mechanism in regulation of autophagy events.
we retrospectively analyzed data of @number@ elderly patients , each with an underlying disease , to evaluate peramivir safety and efficacy.
six patients ( @percent@ ) experienced adverse events , all tolerated.
median time from administration until the return to normal temperatures was @number@ h ( @percent@ ci : @date@ @number@ ) .
results confirm intravenous peramivir's usefulness.
adult somatic stem cells facilitate tissue homeostasis throughout the life of the organism.
aging is associated with declines in executive function.
twenty-nine younger adults and @number@ cognitively normal older adults completed a working memory paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed.
older adults further underwent lumbar cerebrospinal fluid draw for the assessment of ad pathology and flair imaging for the assessment of wmhs.
accurate working memory performance in both age groups was associated with high fronto-visual functional connectivity ( fc ) .
however , in older adults , higher expression of fronto-visual fc was linked with lower levels of clinically silent ad pathology.
our results suggest that clinically silent ad pathology is related to lower expression of a fronto-visual fc pattern supporting executive task performance.
further , our findings suggest that ad pathology and wmhs appear to be linked with ineffective increases in frontal response in cn older adults.
up to @number@ @number@ rounds of data collection at chililab hdss had been completed.
we observed and compared them to the previous hdss survey rounds and found no significant differences for household size and gender compositions in chililab hdss.
the educational level and economic status of chililab people in @number@ have improved.
however , it can be seen that the chi linh population is undergoing a strong \ "aging \ " trend.
importance : data describing the effects of weight gain across adulthood on overall health are important for weight control.
objective : to examine the association of weight gain from early to middle adulthood with health outcomes later in life.
exposures : weight change from early to middle adulthood ( age of @number@ or @number@ years to age of @number@ years ) .
main outcomes and measures : beginning at the age of @number@ years , participants were followed up to the incident disease outcomes.
cardiovascular disease , cancer , and death were confirmed by medical records or the national death index.
a composite healthy aging outcome was defined as being free of @number@ chronic diseases and major cognitive or physical impairment.
among those who maintained a stable weight , @number@ women ( @percent@ ) and @number@ men ( @percent@ ) achieved the composite healthy aging outcome.
higher amounts of weight gain were associated with greater risks of major chronic diseases and lower likelihood of healthy aging.
these findings may help counsel patients regarding the risks of weight gain.
the lactulose mannitol ( lm ) dual sugar permeability test is the most commonly used test of environmental enteropathy in developing countries.
however , there is a large but conflicting literature on its association with enteric infection and host nutritional status.
we conducted a longitudinal cohort using a single field protocol and comparable laboratory procedures to examine intestinal permeability in multiple , geographically diverse pediatric populations.
poorer concurrent weight-for-age , infection , and recent breastfeeding were associated with increased percent lactulose excretion and increased l / m ratios.
our results support previously reported associations between the l / m ratio and factors related to child nutritional status and enteropathogen exposure.
sports-related orbital fractures are the fourth most common cause of orbital fractures.
post-transplant diabetes mellitus occurs in 30-50% of cases during the first year post-renal transplantation.
it is associated with increased morbidity , mortality and healthcare costs.
risk factors include age and specific immunosuppression regimens.
the immune system and β cells undergo senescence and this impacts on the risk for developing post-transplant diabetes and our ability to prevent such development.
much work remains to be completed in this area and is facilitated by the growing base of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of post-transplant diabetes.
should post-transplant diabetes develop , there are a range of treatment options available.
there is increasing interest in using newer agents , although their safety and efficacy in transplant recipients remains to be conclusively established.
objectives : purpose : to compare the performance of low muscle mass and function with falls risk , incident fracture and mortality over @number@ years.
methods : @number@ participants ( @percent@ women ; mean age 63±7.5 years ) were prospectively followed for @number@ years.
falls risk was measured using the physiological profile assessment , fractures were self-reported and mortality was ascertained from the death registry.
appendicular lean mass ( alm ) was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
participants in the lowest @percent@ of the sex-specific distribution for each anthropometric and performance-based measure were classified has having low muscle mass or function.
regression analyses were used to estimate associations between each anthropometric and performance-based measure at baseline and 10-year falls risk , incident fractures and mortality.
all baseline performance-based measures were significantly associated with higher falls risk score at @number@ years.
conclusions : low handgrip strength , a simple and inexpensive test could be considered in clinical settings for identifying future falls and fractures.
alm / body mass index could be most suitable in estimating 10-year mortality risk , but requires specialised equipment.
background : hip fracture in older patients often lead to permanent disabilities and can result in mortality.
objective : to identify distinct disability trajectories from admission to one-year post-discharge in acutely hospitalized older patients after hip fracture.
design : prospective cohort study , with assessments at admission , three-months and one-year post-discharge.
setting and participants : patients ≥ @number@ years admitted to a 1024-bed tertiary teaching hospital in the netherlands.
methods : disability was the primary outcome and measured with the modified katz adl-index score.
a secondary outcome was mortality.
results : the mean ( sd ) age of the @number@ patients was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
conclusions : three disability trajectories were identified from hospital admission until one-year follow-up in acutely hospitalized older patients after hip fracture.
background : malnutrition is common in older adults and is associated with high costs and adverse outcomes.
the prevalence , predictors and outcomes of malnutrition on admission to hospital are not clear for this population.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : six hospital sites ( five public , one private ) .
participants : in total , @number@ older adults aged 70 + were included.
all elective and acute admissions to any speciality were eligible.
day-case admissions and those moribund on admission were excluded.
measurements : socio-demographic and clinical data , including nutritional status ( mini-nutritional assessment - short form ) , was collected within @number@ hours of admission.
outcome data was collected prospectively on length of stay , in-hospital mortality and new institutionalisation.
results : the mean age was @number@ @percent@ were female ; @percent@ were elective admissions ; @percent@ were admitted to a medical specialty.
malnutrition was more common in females , acute admissions , older patients and those who were widowed / separated.
although this facilitates clinical practice , it limits comparability between studies and leads to wide differences in published prevalence rates.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of elderly individuals recruited from outpatient clinics ( n = 298 ) and nursing homes ( n = 276 ) .
we measured muscle mass , grip strength and gait speed and assessed how changes in cut-off points changed sarcopenia prevalence in both populations.
changes in gait speed and grip strength had a limited impact on sarcopenia prevalence.
conclusion : the cut-off points used for muscle mass affect the reported prevalence rates for sarcopenia and , in turn , affect comparability between studies.
changes in cut-off points for gait speed and grip strength had a limited impact on sarcopenia prevalence and on study comparability.
design : longitudinal clinical trial.
setting : oak hammock at the university of florida , a nursing home located in gainesville , florida.
results : twelve older adults ( @number@.5±4.2 years old ) performed light intensity exercise with jintronix for a total of @number@.9±7.9 minutes per week.
objectives : we examined if individually-adapted nutritional counselling could prevent > @percent@ weight loss among elderly patients @number@ months after discharge from a rehabilitation institution.
in addition we assessed quality of life ( qol ) and appetite.
design : an open , randomized trial.
setting : godthaab health and rehabilitation institution in bærum , norway.
participants : patients identified as being undernourished or at risk of disease-related malnutrition using the nutritional risk screening tool nrs-2002.
intervention : shortly before discharge , patients in the intervention group received an individually-tailored nutrition plan.
we did not detect any significant differences in the qol- or appetite scores between the two study groups after three months.
conclusion : an individually-adapted nutritional counselling did not improve body mass among elderly patients @number@ months after discharge from a rehabilitation institution.
neither quality of life nor appetite measures were improved.
possibly , nutritional counselling should be accompanied with nutritional supplementation to be effective in this vulnerable group of elderly.
the trial is registered in clinical trials ( id : nct01632072 ) .
design : population-based cohort of non-institutionalized adults with up to @number@ years of follow-up.
setting : city of lausanne , switzerland.
participants : @number@ individuals aged @number@ to @number@ at baseline ( @percent@ women ) .
measurements : bmi , wc and covariates were measured at baseline in 2004-2005.
main outcomes were total mortality and disability , defined as difficulty with badl for ≥2 years or institutionalization.
cox regression was used with bmi / wc quintiles @number@ as the reference.
conclusion : almost half of the study population had a substantially increased hr of disability , as compared to the reference bmi / wc categories.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : urban neighborhoods in washington , dc , usa.
participants : community-dwelling white and black women aged @number@ and older.
measurements : in @number@ and @number@ @number@ white and @number@ black older women were queried on diet using both ffq and 24-hour recalls.
the correlation coefficients of @number@ nutrient intake measures and agreements on healthy eating classification between the two instruments were compared overall and by race.
results : the mean correlation coefficient ( rho ) was @number@ for whites and @number@ for blacks.
for @number@ measures , rho was lower for blacks.
whites had a strong correlation of ≥0.5 for @number@ items , while blacks had strong correlations for only @number@ items.
objectives : ageing has been associated with increasing multimorbidity.
measurements : rmr was measured using indirect calorimetry and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
diagnosed diseases were assessed by a questionnaire comprising @number@ disease categories.
subjects with @number@ - @number@ diseases were classified as relatively healthy and with > @number@ diseases as multimorbid.
results : at baseline , relatively healthy ( n = @number@ ) and multimorbid ( n = @number@ ) women did not differ in rmr.
conclusion : increasing multimorbidity in community-dwelling women is associated with an increase in rmr independently of body composition and age.
we investigated the association between vitamin d status and prevalent early amd in a community-based cohort.
design : this was a cross-sectional study.
measurements : vitamin d status was assessed with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) concentrations from bloods drawn at visit @number@
linear trend was estimated using continuous 25 ( oh ) d concentrations.
ors were adjusted for age , race , and smoking status.
we further adjusted for hypertension status to examine if vitamin d status influenced early amd via its effects on blood pressure.
results : the prevalence of early amd was @percent@ , and @percent@ of participants were vitamin d deficient.
results did not vary significantly by cfh genotype in african americans.
conclusions : vitamin d status was not associated with early amd in this cohort sample.
we used logistic regression model to assess the relationship between 25 ( oh ) d levels and risk recurrent stroke or mortality.
results : the follow-up rate was @percent@ in @number@ stroke patients.
of @number@ patients , @percent@ ( 95%ci : @number@.3%-23.7% ) patients had a stroke recurrence , and @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.0%-36.2% ) died.
objectives : to identify the relationship between diet-related indicators and overweight and obesity in older adults in rural japan.
design : cross-sectional survey.
setting : obira , hokkaido , japan.
participants : local residents aged between @number@ and @number@ years , except for those with poor health , were included.
intervention : a health- and diet-related questionnaire was applied to participants house-to-house by trained health professionals.
results : of @number@ residents , @number@ residents completely responded to the questionnaire.
of these , @number@ were had low body mass index ( bmi≤20 ) and were excluded.
the mean number of meals per day of normal men was significantly higher than of obese men.
conclusions : the associations between dietary indicators and obesity differed by sex.
food diversity may be a potential indicator to measure nutritional status in women.
therefore , we investigated the relationship between self-reported knee pain and the consumption of fruits vegetables , carotenoids and vitamin c and self-reported knee pain.
design : nationally representative cross sectional study.
setting : 2010-2011 rounds of the korean national health and nutrition examination survey.
participants : a total of @number@ subjects aged ≥50 years were participated.
methods : severity of knee pain was estimated using a 10-point numeric rating scale ( nrs ) .
daily intake of fruits , vegetables , and vitamins were estimated using data from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires.
results : the nrs scores of knee pain decreased significantly with increasing fruit and vegetable intake quartiles.
conclusions : in conclusion , severe knee pain was independently associated with fruit and vegetable consumption.
our findings suggest that intake of whole fruits and vegetables may help improve knee pain in older adults.
objective supraventricular arrhythmias are commonly detected in patients with anti-mitochondrial antibody m2 ( ama-m2 ) -associated myopathy.
however , the prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmias in unselected ama-m2-positive patients and the impact of ama-m2 on supraventricular arrhythmias have yet to be fully investigated.
results seventy-seven ( @percent@ ) patients were positive for ama-m2.
the prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmias among ama-m2-positive patients was higher than that among ama-m2-negative patients ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = 0.008 ) .
however , the mechanisms that control cellular igf2r abundance are poorly known.
however , the perception of the quality of the program by participants and service providers has not yet been reported.
conclusion : participant and service provider perceptions of the rehabilitation program under study were generally positive.
mutations in tyrobp and trem2 have been shown to cause polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy.
recently , variants in trem2 were also associated with frontotemporal dementia and alzheimer's disease.
given the functional proximity between these @number@ genes , we investigated the genetic variation of tyrobp in a turkish cohort of @number@ dementia patients.
no mutations or copy number variants predicted to be pathogenic were identified.
these results indicate that mutations in tyrobp are not a common cause of dementia in this turkish cohort.
patient lymphoblasts carrying a ubqln2 mutation showed absence of ubiquilin-2 accumulation , disrupted binding with hsp70 , and impaired autophagic pathway.
we have chosen to examine transcripts expressed by the cellular , leukocyte compartment of blood.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ @number@ second- and recent-generation eps were collected as a part of a european collaborative retrieval program.
the analysis focused on the first @number@ consecutive commercial eps collected between @number@ and @number@ and made from polyethylene terephthalate.
the total surface area of the holes within the fabric was measured.
results : eps were implanted for thoracic and abdominal procedures in @number@ and @number@ cases , respectively.
the mean ± sd duration of implantation was @number@ ± @number@ months ( range @number@ days-8 years ) .
ninety-five percent of all eps demonstrated at least one type of abrasion on the stitches.
the degradation of the stitches and the number of ruptures increased with duration of implantation.
stent degradation was rare and consisted of corrosion and rupture.
main damaging mechanisms were related to compression and abrasion leading to tears and holes in the fabric and rupture of stitches.
stroke is an extremely common clinical entity , and poststroke incontinence is a major cause of morbidity for stroke survivors.
although patients can experience a wide variety of lower urinary tract symptoms , detrusor overactivity is among the most common clinical findings following stroke.
all forms of lower urinary tract symptoms can negatively impact physical and psychosocial function for affected patients and their caregivers and loved ones.
careful evaluation is critical for successful management.
treatment is tailored to the goals and needs of each individual patient.
improvements in continence status can help to enhance overall and health-related quality of life.
background : to define age-related changes in the visual field by comparing ' standard ' central and unique peripheral visual field measurements in healthy volunteers.
conclusions : the peripheral visual field declined substantially from the 4th decade onward while the central visual field remained quite stable.
background : patients discharged home after stroke face significant challenges managing residual neurological deficits , secondary prevention , and pre-existing chronic conditions.
post-discharge care is often fragmented leading to increased healthcare costs , readmissions , and sub-optimal utilization of rehabilitation and community services.
the recruitment goal is @number@ patients ( @number@ per arm ) .
hospital staff ascertain and enroll patients discharged home with a clinical diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
patients discharged from usual care hospitals represent the control group and receive the standard of care in place at that hospital.
patient-centered outcomes are collected from telephone surveys administered at @number@ days.
the primary endpoint is patient-reported functional status as measured by the stroke impact scale @number@
secondary outcomes are : caregiver strain , all-cause readmissions , mortality , healthcare utilization , and medication adherence.
the pragmatic trial design provides a real-world assessment of the compass care model effectiveness and will facilitate rapid implementation into clinical practice if successful.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct02588664 ; @date@ .
eccentric resistance exercise with its high-force producing potential , at a low energetic cost , may be ideally-suited to address muscle impairments in this population.
primary outcomes of mobility , balance confidence , muscle power output and cross sectional area were analyzed using mixed effects modeling.
the secondary outcomes of days to fall and days to near-fall were analyzed using survival analysis.
conclusions : there were no differential effects of renew or trad as components of a mcefrp on the primary or secondary outcomes.
the two modes of resistance exercise had identical effects on fall risk and fall-free survival.
trial registration : nct01080196 ; @date@ ( retrospectively registered ) .
the majority of hereditary and acquired myopathies are clinically characterized by progressive muscle weakness.
we hypothesized that ongoing derangement of skeletal muscle cytoarchitecture at the single fiber level may precede and be responsible for the progressive muscle weakness.
the latter harbor the ortholog of the most frequently encountered human r350p desmin missense mutation.
we quantitatively analyzed the subcellular cytoarchitecture of fast- and slow-twitch muscles from young , intermediate , and aged wt as well as desminopathy mice.
we recorded multiphoton second harmonic generation and nuclear fluorescence signals in single muscle fibers to compare aging-related effects in all genotypes.
het mice only showed a clear degradation in their fiber structure in fast-twitch muscles from the adult to the presenescent age bin.
pib retention increased in the anterior cingulate gyrus , precuneus cortex , parietal cortex , and anterior ventral striatum.
increased global amyloid-β was related to decline in verbal episodic memory , visual episodic memory , executive functioning , and fine motor processing speed.
participants who were consistently pib + demonstrated worsening of episodic memory , whereas participants who were consistently pib- evidenced stable or improved performance.
amyloid-β accumulation may be a contributor to or biomarker of declining cognitive functioning in preclinical ad in ds.
purpose : to investigate the role of sunlight exposure in iris freckles formation.
methods : we prospectively examined volunteers attending a skin cancer screening program conducted by ophthalmologists and dermatologists.
frequency and topographical variability of iris freckles were noted and associated with behavioral and dermatologic characteristics indicating high sun exposure.
results : six hundred thirty-two participants ( n = @number@ @percent@ female ) were examined.
mean age of all participants was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range , 4-84 years ) .
of all individuals , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) exhibited at least one iris freckle.
most freckles were observed in the inferior temporal quadrant.
furthermore , the evaluation of iris freckles could also be helpful in understanding the role of sunlight in several ophthalmologic diseases.
data analysis was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
exposures : the presence , number , and location of l-pvss.
the prevalence of l-pvss was @percent@ ( median number of l-pvss , @number@ range , 1-17 ) .
the presence of l-pvss was also associated with a steeper decline in information processing speed and more than quadrupled the risk of vascular dementia.
all associations persisted when further adjusted for genetic and cerebrovascular risk factors.
the associations with cognitive outcomes were independent of educational level , depression , and other svd mri markers.
conclusions and relevance : large pvss are an mri marker of svd and associated with the pathogenesis of vascular-related cognitive impairment in older individuals.
large pvss should be included in assessments of vascular cognitive impairment in the older population and as potential targets for interventions.
whether brca1 and brca2 germline mutation status affects treatment outcome remains elusive.
objective : to determine whether brca1 and brca2 germline mutation status affects therapy response in patients with tnbc.
in all , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) were included in this multicenter prospective investigation.
dna samples were analyzed for germline mutations in brca1 , brca2 , and @number@ other cancer predisposition genes.
the pcr rates between the carboplatin and noncarboplatin arms were compared.
genetic analyses were performed at the center for familial breast and ovarian cancer in cologne , germany ; data analysis , @date@ through @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : proportion of patients who achieved pcr and disease-free survival after neoadjuvant treatment according to brca1 and brca2 germline mutation status.
for pcr rates , the ypt0 / is ypn0 definition was used as a primary end point.
results : of the @number@ patients with tnbc , all were women ; the mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
pathogenic brca1 and brca2 germline mutations were present in @number@ of the @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01426880.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy eligible men , aged 30-70 years , were recruited from tehran lipid and glucose study cohort.
centiles for amh were estimated according to the exponential normal 3-parameter model.
results : mean amh level was @number@ ranging from @number@ to @number@ ng / ml.
serum amh concentrations followed a steady reduction with increasing age.
mean tt level was @number@ ranging from @number@ to @number@ ng / ml.
conclusion : we presented a nomogram of age-specific amh values in a healthy cohort of iranian men.
this finding might have clinical importance in dealing hormonal disorders in men.
contributing factors include full time faculty shortage , aging workforce , practice and student debt , practice and family commitments , and financial compensation.
this study attempts to ascertain barriers to teaching so appropriate strategies can be formulated to address this issue.
descriptive analyses were completed for all variables in the sample.
results : twenty nine of forty six subjects responded to the survey with a response rate of @percent@.
subjects over the age of sixty comprised @percent@ with only @percent@ being under the age of forty five.
overall family and practice commitments along with compensation were the primary barriers to teaching part time.
for new dentists , student loan debt was the primary barrier to teaching.
travel to teach was also a barrier as @percent@ of respondents drove @number@ miles or less to the dental school.
barriers to recruitment and retention of faculty must be considered and addressed to sustain this teaching model.
free-ranging dogs are mostly scavengers , indirectly depending on humans for their sustenance.
we tested the responsiveness of such dogs in urban areas toward simple human pointing cues using dynamic proximal points.
while juveniles showed frequent and prolonged gaze alternations , only adults adjusted their behaviour based on the reliability of the human experimenter after being rewarded.
health effects of in utero exposure to ionizing radiation , especially among adults , are still unclear.
mean doses accumulated in soft tissues and in red bone marrow during the prenatal period were @number@ mgy and @number@ mgy , respectively.
additional respective mean postnatal doses received by cohort members were @number@ and @number@ mgy.
poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the excess relative risk ( err ) of cancer incidence related to in utero and postnatal doses.
further aging of the cohort and extension of the follow-up period will enhance the statistical power of this study in the future.
( @number@ ) in europe and some other countries , sunscreens are regulated as cosmetics , not as drugs.
background : the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) in hiv-infected patients increases with aging and duration of the disease.
the percentage of optimal , normal , and high normal blood pressure was : @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
hypertension grade @number@ @number@ and @number@ was observed in @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ of patients , respectively.
hypertriglyceridaemia was associated with protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy.
hcv infection was negatively associated with hypercholesterolaemia.
cigarette smoking was reported in @percent@ of cases.
conclusions : incidence of hypertension in particular age groups of hiv infected people is higher than in the general polish population.
hypertension is influenced by traditional risk factors and duration of hiv infection but not antiretroviral treatment.
hiv / hcv coinfection appears to be protective against hypercholesterolaemia.
we identified rare coding variants associated with alzheimer's disease in a three-stage case-control study of @number@ subjects.
in stage @number@ we genotyped @number@ samples using a whole-exome microarray.
increased accumulation of nrf2 in cancers is strongly associated with the poor prognoses of cancer patients , including those with lung and breast cancers.
in this study , we found a significant correlation between nrf2 and il-11 status in breast cancer patients.
these results imply that a signal originating from the microenvironment cooperates with nrf2 to activate il11.
disruption of il11 in the nrf2 addiction cancer model remarkably inhibited the tumorigenesis , suggesting an essential role of il-11 in nrf2-driven tumorigenesis.
thus , this study suggests that il-11 is a potential therapeutic target for nrf2-addicted breast cancers.
introduction the search for a reliable neuroimaging biomarker in alzheimer's disease is a matter of intense research.
the presence of cerebral microbleeds seems to be a potential biomarker.
only amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild alzheimer's disease underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
we compared the groups and verified if microbleeds were predicted by all other variables.
results mild alzheimer's disease presented a higher prevalence of apolipoprotein e allele ɛ4 in relation to amnestic mild cognitive impairment and control group.
no significant differences were found between groups when considering microbleed presence.
logistic regression tests failed to find any relationship between microbleeds and the variables.
hepatitis e ( he ) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis e virus ( hev ) .
the positive rate of anti-hev antibody in veterinarian and farm staff-related practitioners was significantly higher than the general population.
it is urgent to improve integrated strategies to detect , prevent and control hev infection in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in this area.
cytolethal distending toxins ( cdts ) are common among pathogenic bacteria of the human and animal microbiota.
cdts exert cytopathic effets , via their active cdtb subunit.
however , few studies have evaluated the associations between air pollution and glycosylated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) levels.
further , no studies have evaluated these associations in us populations or investigated whether associations differ in diabetic as compared to non-diabetic populations.
mutations in mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase ( agk ) cause sengers syndrome , which is characterized by cataracts , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , and skeletal myopathy.
agk generates phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid , bioactive phospholipids involved in lipid signaling and the regulation of tumor progression.
however , the molecular mechanisms of the mitochondrial pathology remain enigmatic.
determining its mitochondrial interactome , we have identified agk as a constituent of the tim22 complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
agk assembles with timm22 and timm29 and supports the import of a subset of multi-spanning membrane proteins.
the function of agk as a subunit of the tim22 complex does not depend on its kinase activity.
however , enzymatically active agk is required to maintain mitochondrial cristae morphogenesis and the apoptotic resistance of cells.
background : limited health care budgets and population aging result in a need to compare care services on their benefits and costs.
objectives : to compare the validity of both measures , the ascot and the icecap-o.
methods : a sampling agency gathered cross-sectional data in @date@ .
using exploratory factor analysis , the underlying factor structure of the ascot and the icecap-o was examined for the first time.
results : the ascot and the icecap-o tapped into a shared factor , whereas both measures also loaded on two separate factors.
both measures discriminated between subgroups of respondents.
the association between ve and type @number@ diabetes has , however , not been investigated prospectively.
aim : to prospectively investigate whether ve is associated with an increased risk of type @number@ diabetes in a danish population.
methods : a prospective cohort study based on the copenhagen city heart study ( 1991-1993 ) .
the degree of ve was measured among @number@ participants without type @number@ or @number@ diabetes at baseline.
results : a high degree of ve was associated with an increased risk of developing type @number@ diabetes in both substudies.
in the second substudy , the or was @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ @number@ p = 0.053 ) for this group.
objective : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is a biomarker of cellular aging affected by chronic stress.
this small pilot study is the first to examine the relationship between cortisol , catecholamines and ltl specifically in un-medicated mdd in comparison with hc.
methods : participants included @number@ un-medicated mdd subjects and @number@ hc for assay of ltl , 12-hour overnight urinary free cortisol and catecholamine levels.
results : ltl , cortisol and catecholamine levels did not significantly differ between groups.
higher catecholamine levels were nearly-significant with shorter ltl ( p = 0.055 ) .
neither hormone was correlated with shorter ltl in mdd ( p's > 0.28 ) .
clarification of these relationships in larger samples could aid in understanding differential mechanisms underlying stress-related cellular aging in healthy and depressed populations.
however , very few studies have examined the impact of psychological distress on coagulation factors in coronary artery disease patients.
results : in @percent@ of the patients , elevated levels of anxiety and depression were found three months after a mi.
multiple regression analyses showed that coagulation and fibrinolysis markers were not significantly associated with hads anxiety and depression scores.
we found that age , gender , bmi , and smoking status were significant predictors for haemostasis factors.
a higher age was associated with a higher coagulability but lower anxiety levels.
the effects of age on the relationship between anxiety and haemostasis should be further investigated.
objectives : pregnancy can increase production of immunoglobulin e ( ige ) , an immune response more often directed towards parasite infections.
an absence of parasitism makes the us population ideal to test the hypothesis that the maternal immune system recognizes a fetus as a parasite.
these finding have implications for understanding the evolution of internal gestation in mammals.
methods : we conducted @number@ in-depth interviews with adults with sci ( ten in the us and ten in the uk ) .
verbatim transcriptions were independently analyzed line-by-line by two coders using an inductive approach.
codes were grouped into themes about factors that constitute and affect quality of life ( qol ) .
twenty subthemes emerged on factors that affect qol.
participants in both samples identified medical care as a key influence on qol.
most us interviewees reported poor knowledge about self-care post-discharge and poor quality of home adaptations compared to the uk group.
conclusions : for adults living with sci , good qol is essential for successful rehabilitation.
a new ascorbic acid ( aa ) nanocomposite with low toxicity and high photo and thermal stability is constructed for certain dermatological applications in humans.
the presented nanocomposite consists of aa , nano-hydroxyapatite ( nhap ) and carboxymethyl cellulose ( cmc ) .
the size and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by tem / sem techniques.
a detailed photo and thermal stability studies were performed to examine the stability of aa in the proposed nanocomposite.
cytotoxicity endpoints , evaluating the cell viability and ic50 ( @percent@ inhibitory concentration ) have been performed for the exposed synthesized nanocomposite.
there wasn't any effect on the cell viability up to 50μg / ml of cmc-nhap-aa nanocomposite.
defects in o-mannosyl glycan on α-dg are the primary cause of a group of congenital muscular dystrophies , which are collectively termed α-dystroglycanopathy.
recent studies have revealed various o-mannosyl glycan structures , which can be classified as core m1 , core m2 , and core m3 glycans.
although many dystroglycanopathy genes are involved in core m3 processing , the structure and biosynthesis of core m3 glycan remains only partially understood.
scope of review : this review presents recent findings about the structure , biosynthesis , and pathology of o-mannosyl glycans.
general significance : o-mannosyl glycan has a novel , unique structure that is important for the maintenance of brain and muscle functions.
these findings have opened up a new field in glycoscience.
these studies will further contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanism of α-dystroglycanopathy and the development of glycotherapeutics.
this article is part of a special issue entitled neuro-glycoscience , edited by kenji kadomatsu and hiroshi kitagawa.
factors associated with noac prescribing in atrial fibrillation ( af ) were also analysed.
warfarin patients were on average older and received more cv co-medication than noac patients in af and dvt pe.
age , gender and certain cv co-medications emerged as significant predictors of noac prescribing in af.
women had @percent@ higher odds of receiving a noac in af.
conclusion : noacs achieved a dominant market share over warfarin within @number@ years from receiving reimbursement in norway.
there were significant differences in patient characteristics between drugs and indications.
background : newly arriving asylum seekers in many european union countries are assigned a place of residence based on administrative quota.
this may have important consequences for the exposure to contextual health risks.
regional deprivation was measured by the german index of multiple deprivation.
results : of the @number@ @number@ asylum seekers , @percent@ were women , @percent@ children aged < 7 years and @percent@ aged > 64 years.
conclusion : the adjusted number of vulnerable asylum seekers was higher in districts with medium and highest deprivation compared with districts with lowest deprivation.
the disproportionate distribution was highest for older asylum seekers and children < 7 years.
vulnerable subgroups tend to be exposed to more deprived places of residence , which may further increase health risks and healthcare needs.
p53 is a famous cancer suppressor and plays key roles in metabolism.
the potential cause of disc degeneration has been attributed to aging , genetic factors , mechanical factors and nutrition.
comparing with in p53 knockdown np cells , relative high p53 expression in normal control np cells inhibited autophagy and the pentose phosphate pathway.
furthermore , the expression of sox @number@ and type ii collagen were higher in p53 normal control than p53 knockdown np cells.
based on these results , we believe that relative high p53 facilitates np cell viability and integrity.
tmem230 gene mutations have been reported to be linked with parkinson's disease ( pd ) recently.
one heterozygous missense p.phe121ser mutation was detected in a healthy 76-year-old control subject and no other tmem230 mutations were found in pd patients and controls.
patients with @number@ or more rare variants had lower probability of survival than patients with @number@ or @number@ variant ( p = @number@ ) .
our findings support an oligogenic basis with the burden of rare variants affecting the development and survival of als.
however , there are no effective therapies for this pathological alteration.
annually , fibrosis represents a huge financial burden for the usa and the world.
@number@'-amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) is a pivotal energy sensor that alleviates or delays the process of fibrogenesis.
in this review , we first present basic background information on ampk and fibrogenesis and describe the protective roles of ampk in three fibrogenic phases.
second , we analyze the protective action of ampk during fibrosis in myocardial , hepatic , renal , pulmonary , and other organs / tissues.
third , we present a comprehensive discussion of ampk during fibrosis and draw a conclusion.
this review highlights recent advances , vital for basic research and clinical drug design , in the regulation of ampk during fibrosis.
objective : it is not known which laboratory indices of muscle mass , strength or quality can distinguish functional performance in healthy middle aged women.
functional performance was assessed using a @number@ repetition and 30s chair rise test and 900m gait speed test.
there was no association between upper leg lean tissue mass and functional performance ( r = ≤0.06 ) .
these results suggest strength relative to the body mass being accelerated distinguishes gradations in functional performance better than muscle quality healthy 50-70y women.
individuals and societies are , respectively , confederations of cells and individuals.
they function well only if their constituents work in a complementary and harmonious way.
this is regulated by control mechanisms.
failure or malfunction of these leads to disease or social upheaval , respectively.
medicine , including dermatology , and government act by restoring homeostasis when self-regulation is unable to do so.
long-term or even permanent survival of individuals and societies can be achieved when profound understanding of control mechanisms becomes a reality.
chronic inflammation represents one of the most consistent biologic features of aging.
however , the precise etiology of persistent low-grade increases in inflammation remains unclear.
recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a key role in age-related inflammation.
none : the microvasculature is critical in the control of blood flow.
aging and reduced physical activity ( pa ) may both decrease microvascular function.
purpose : the primary aim was to evaluate the influence of age on microvascular function in adults with similar pa levels.
results : peak bold microvascular responses were reduced for oa compared with ya.
the correlation between peak bold and pa was r ≥ @number@ p ≤ @number@
conclusions : aging was associated with reduced microvascular function in leg muscles , independent of pa.
the findings also revealed good reliability for bold magnetic resonance imaging in oa for the soleus and anterior compartment muscles.
background activity ( ba ) and episodic and continuous abnormalities were assessed visually in eeg.
wml were associated in sci with total episodic eeg abnormalities ( p = 0.03 ) .
conclusions : eeg is associated with subclinical wml burden and cortical brain atrophy in a memory clinic population.
significance : even the standard visually assessed eeg can complement a memory clinic diagnostic workup.
this study used the national health insurance service-cohort sample database from @number@ to @number@ ( n = 23 , 856 ) .
our analysis results on discriminatory abilities provided evidence that kdci is superior to other comorbidity indices on incident dementia in terms of comorbidity adjustment.
therefore , kdci can be a useful tool to identify incident dementia.
this has implications for clinical management of patients with multimorbidity as well as risk adjustment for database studies.
findings revealed that older adults showed lower performance levels than younger adults but similar learning capability.
furthermore , older adults who displayed higher activity in prefrontal regions at pretest demonstrated larger training-induced performance gains.
importantly , cerebral activity during early learning can differentially predict the amplitude of the training-induced performance benefit between young and older adults.
background : adults aging with hiv are at greater risk for several comorbidities.
methods : a cross-sectional analysis in antiretroviral-treated hiv-positive patients aged @number@ years and older.
results : one thousand ninety-two patients were included : nt was observed in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
multivariate analysis showed that hiv duration was an independent predictor of several comorbidities , whereas nt was protective for cancer and copd.
hiv duration and nt were simultaneously predictors of multimorbidity.
conclusions : normalized t-cell subsets were observed in approximately one-third of geriatric hiv-positive subjects , and they were predicted by female sex and immunovirological features.
hiv-associated non-aids conditions were more prevalent in patients with longer hiv duration , whereas nt represented a protective factor for cancer and copd.
most considered variables are , for example , age , sex , general physical and mental health.
communication about sexuality between health-care providers and older patients still implies a lot of barriers and lack of knowledge.
the role of the estrogen receptor @number@ ( esr1 ) gene hypermethylation is reportedly important in the development of breast cancer.
materials and methods : breast samples were collected from @number@ cancer-free women who had undergone cosmetic mammoplasty.
in terms of lifestyle intervention opportunities , this study also highlights the significance and feasibility of such interventions for bmi as a modifiable risk factor.
cerebrovascular dysfunction is rapidly reemerging as a major process of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
it is , therefore , crucial to delineate the roles of ad risk factors in cerebrovascular dysfunction.
here , we utilized efad carriers [ 5xfad trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract has demonstrated hormone modulatory activity , providing biological plausibility for relieving menopausal symptoms.
the study aimed to assess efficacy of a standardized t. foenum-graecum de-husked seed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms in healthy aging women.
active treatment was t. foenum-graecum de-husked seed extract , @number@ mg per day for @number@ weeks.
outcome measures included menopause-specific quality of life ( menqol ) questionnaire , frequency of hot flushes and night sweats and serum estradiol levels.
the average estradiol levels were similar in both the active group and placebo group after treatment.
this study demonstrated that this proprietary t. foenum-graecum de-husked seed extract may reduce menopausal symptoms in healthy women.
copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
after @number@ hours , there was a higher secretion of inflammatory cytokines il-1β and il-8.
cd8 conclusions : these results demonstrate that chronic systemic inflammation observed in obesity induces dysfunctional features in pbmc that are consistent with premature immunosenescence.
a growing number of immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy trials have been published with basic safety and clinical response data stratified by age.
we present the clinical response data from @number@ phase ii / iii clinical trials based on age stratification into young and old subgroups.
aging in place refers to the option where people can stay in their homes as they age.
this policy option , however , poses various challenges and may also threaten the quality of life of the aging.
results : although assessment is crucial to a policy pursuing a good quality of life , literature reveals that it is seldom performed.
only a small part of the studies report on the assessment of quality of life , including the instruments used and the results.
the findings also indicate that there is no consensus on the definition of quality of life or its domains structures.
senescence is a cell state occurring in vitro and in vivo after successive replication cycles and / or upon exposition to various stressors.
it is characterized by a strong cell cycle arrest associated with several molecular , metabolic and morphologic changes.
the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with time plays a role in organismal aging and in several age-associated disorders and pathologies.
moreover , several therapeutic interventions are able to prematurely induce senescence.
for historical reasons , senescence is often studied with fibroblast models.
in particular , increased visceral and ectopic fat deposition play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and mets.
a large body of evidence demonstrates that aging and mets share several metabolic alterations.
the average lifespan of humans and the percentage of people entering the @number@ and older age group are growing rapidly.
within this age group , cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) increase steeply and are the most common cause of death.
during aging , experimental and clinical studies support the pivotal role played by reactive oxidant species in the mechanism of platelet activation.
frailty has been implicated as a causative and prognostic factor in patients with cvd.
oxidative stress is increased in frail older people , and may lead to accelerated aging and higher incidence of oxidative diseases such as cvd.
the present article aims to highlight the relative contribution of platelet oxidative stress as a key target of frailty in elderly people with cvd.
the underlying biological mechanisms for mcr have not yet been established.
neuroinflammation mediated through cytokines plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dementia.
over a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants developed mcr.
functional analysis using in silico approaches indicated associated snp rs3024498 \ "c \ " allele being the local expression quantitative trait locus.
associated alleles of both the snps , rs1800896 and rs3024498 , were implicated with overexpression of il10 gene.
of the variants in the neuroinflammatory pathway studied were associated with incident mild cognitive impairment syndrome.
these observations support a role for the il10 gene in dementia pathogenesis by increasing risk of developing mcr in older adults.
frailty predicts a range of poor health and social outcomes and is associated with increased risk of hospital admission.
the health benefits of sport and physical activity and the health risks of inactivity are well known.
however , less is known about the role of sports clubs and physical activity in preventing and managing frailty in older adults.
methods : we used data from waves @number@ to @number@ of the english longitudinal study of ageing ( elsa ) .
survey items on physical activity were combined to produce a measure of moderate or vigorous physical activity for each wave.
frailty was measured using an index of accumulated deficits.
a total of sixty deficits , including symptoms , disabilities and diseases were recorded through self-report and tests.
direct and indirect relationships between sports club membership , levels of physical activity and frailty were examined using a cross-lagged panel model.
results : we found evidence for an indirect relationship between sports club membership and frailty , mediated by physical activity.
sports clubs accessible to older people may improve health in this demographic by increasing activity levels and reducing frailty and associated comorbidities.
following inverse normal transformation of the residuals , seqmeta was used to conduct race-specific single-variant and gene-based association tests while adjusting for population structure.
linear regression models were fit on autosomal variants with minor allele frequencies ( maf ) ≥1%.
t5 burden and sequence kernel association ( skat ) gene-based tests assessed functional variants with maf≤5%.
cross-race fixed effects meta-analyses were bonferroni-corrected for the number of variants or genes tested.
results : seven genes were associated with aβ in late middle age or change over time ; no associations were identified in old age.
ncoa1 and nt5c3b were associated with the midlife aβ42 : aβ40 ratio and the fold-change in aβ42 , respectively , via skat in african americans.
no associations replicated externally ( n = @number@ ) .
plasma aβ concentrations may have dynamic biological determinants across the lifespan ; plasma aβ study designs or analyses must consider age.
since alzheimer's disease was first described in @number@ many attempts have been made to reveal its main cause.
however , this hypothesis does not fully explain all of the molecular abnormalities and is therefore heavily criticized.
key points falls are a major health issue for older adults , leading to adverse events and even death.
older persons with type @number@ diabetes are at increased risk of falling compared to healthy adults of a similar age.
over @number@ factors are associated with falls risk , making identification and targeting of key factors to prevent falls problematic.
however , the major risk factors include hypertension , diabetes , pain , and polypharmacy.
abbreviation : dpn = diabetic polyneuropathy.
omar khayyam ( @number@ ) .
an associated atheromatous disease may be the underlying reason for apt prescription.
methods and results : we performed a retrospective , observational , single-centre study between @number@ and @number@ based on administrative data.
patients aged @number@ years and over with non-valvular af were identified in a database of @number@ hospital stays.
prescriptions of anti-thrombotic medications and their association with the presence of atheromatous disease were evaluated by the mean of a logistic regression.
a total of @number@ hospital stays were included ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the overall prevalence of known atheromatous disease was @percent@.
oac underuse was observed in @percent@ of the stays.
among the @number@ stays with apt monotherapy ( @percent@ ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) displayed an atheromatous disease.
our results suggest that apt is often inappropriately prescribed instead of oac.
in this review , the relationship between uremic inflammation and a premature aging phenotype , as well as potential causes and consequences , are discussed.
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is mainly associated with executive dysfunction.
although delayed reaction times ( rts ) in patients with osas have been reported , sensitivity of processing speed has not been adequately assessed.
thirty-three patients with osas were compared with thirty healthy controls.
the moca test was administered to assess participants ' global neuropsychological profile.
logistic regression models highlighted both moca test and motor rts as the best predictors differentiating patients from healthy participants.
it could be hypothesized that slower motor responsiveness is the cause of the global cognitive profile of these patients.
immunosenescence is a hallmark of the aging immune system and is considered the main cause of a reduced vaccine efficacy in the elderly.
in this study we evaluate the kinetics of γδ t cells after vaccination with the trivalent 2011 / 2012 northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine.
we applied multi-parametric flow cytometry to a cohort of @number@ young ( 19-30 years ) and @number@ elderly ( 53-67 years ) healthy individuals.
we observed a significantly lower number of activated and proliferating γδ t cells at baseline and following vaccination in elderly as compared to young individuals.
the kinetics changes of activated γδ t cells were much stronger in the young , while corresponding changes in the elderly occurred slower.
in conclusion , aging induces alterations of the γδ t cell response that might have negative implications for vaccination efficacy.
immunosenescence is an age-related reduction of immune system activity that can be associated with frailty.
dna was extracted from plasma using standard protocols and serostatus was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses for cmv and ebv were carried out and viral loads were determined.
elderly women classified as frail , pre-frail , and non-frail presented @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ positivity for cmv , respectively.
however , no difference in ebv viral load among the frailty status subgroups was found.
background : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) mainly affects middle-age and elderly adults.
it is unclear if the presence of muscle wasting and fat accumulation in patients with copd is age or disease-related.
methods : healthy subjects and patients with copd of different severity were recruited.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze total and segmental body composition.
conclusions : this study examined the changes in total and segmental body composition with aging and copd severity.
it found that aging and copd altered the body composition differently , and the effect was most pronounced in leg lean mass.
in contrast , fat depot changes were only observed in severe copd.
in hiv-infected persons , age is negatively associated with optimal cd4 recovery following antiretroviral therapy.
our understanding of the situation in older adults , especially the middle-aged is , however , limited.
following adoption of early and non-cd4-guided treatment initiation , their long-term clinical outcome is expected to improve.
human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection leads to reduced cd4t-cell counts and immune dysfunction.
patients from early art and later art groups had received art for at least @number@ year.
early art could better improve cd4t-cell function.
however , the implantation and the long stay of cvc are associated with many complications.
the patient presented many episodes of vascular access thrombosis that required endovascular interventions.
however , in the following months , a restenosis was observed that required new interventions to reestablish a satisfactory vascular access function.
this case highlights that patients on hemodialysis should undergo proper clinical and instrumental follow-up in order to prevent or early recognize vascular access complications.
cellular differentiation , developmental processes , and environmental factors challenge the integrity of the proteome in every eukaryotic cell.
misfolded proteins that cannot be refolded by chaperone machineries are degraded by specialized proteolytic systems.
despite a large number of structurally unrelated substrates , ub conjugation is remarkably selective.
substrate selectivity is mainly provided by the group of e3 enzymes.
several observations indicate that numerous e3 ub ligases intimately collaborate with molecular chaperones to maintain the cellular proteome.
in this review , we provide an overview of specialized quality control e3 ligases playing a critical role in the degradation of damaged proteins.
results : twenty-three papers were evaluated searching for sex differences in the prevalence of mets and cv risk.
we also identified fifty-six papers dealing with sex differences in adiposity , insulin resistance and hormonal regulation.
increased expression of sirtuins lowers the risk of age-related diseases , while their role in the regulation of longevity is not firmly established.
older age was associated with a decreased expression of the majority of the sirt genes.
in functional studies , mir-9 interacted with the @number@'utr of sirt1 mrna.
the sirt1 mrna level negatively correlated with the expression of mir-34a ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , age-related decrease of sirt1 expression in pbmc might in part result from overexpression of mir-34a and mir-9.
it might however affect the function of the immune system and , therefore , aging individuals can profit from interventions increasing the level of sirt1.
fecal incontinence is a devastating condition that has a severe impact on quality of life.
this condition disproportionately affects women and its incidence is increasing with the aging united states population.
particularly important are the puborectalis sling of the levator ani muscle complex and intact innervation of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
clin.
anat.
30 : 901-911 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
the relationship between serum total testosterone and prostate cancer ( pca ) risk is controversial.
the hypothesis that faster age-related reduction in testosterone is linked with increased pca risk remains untested.
cases were those diagnosed of pca and had one or more measurements of testosterone prior to pca diagnosis.
controls were those without pca and had one or more testosterone measurements.
multivariable logistic regression models for pca risk of absolute levels ( one-time measure and 5-year average ) and annual change in testosterone were respectively constructed.
among the @number@ patients with two or more testosterone measurements , @number@ were pca cases.
this implies a faster age-related reduction in , but not absolute level of serum total testosterone as a risk factor for pca.
further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding.
circadian disruption has been linked to carcinogenesis in animal models , but the evidence in humans is inconclusive.
genetic variation in circadian rhythm genes provides a tool to investigate such associations.
extending healthy lifespan ( healthspan ) is a key translational challenge in this context.
disease-centric approaches to manage population ageing risk are adding years to life without adding health to these years.
the growing consensus that ageing is driven by a limited number of interconnected processes suggests an alternative approach.
elevated oxidative damage is involved in the pathophysiology of most age-dependent diseases and markers of oxidative damage often increase with age in many organisms.
however , correlation is not causation and , sadly , many intervention trials of supposed antioxidants have failed to extend healthspan and to prevent diseases.
this does not , however , mean that reactive species ( rs ) and redox signalling are unimportant.
laboratory studies on the basic biology of ageing have shed light on numerous genetic pathways that have strong effects on lifespan.
one challenge lies in the enormous mechanistic distance between genotype and downstream ageing phenotypes.
here , we consider the power of studying ' endophenotypes ' in the context of ageing.
endophenotypes are the various molecular domains that exist at intermediate levels of organization between the genotype and phenotype.
we focus our attention specifically on proteins and metabolites.
proteomic and metabolomic profiling has the potential to help identify the underlying causal mechanisms that link genotype to phenotype.
systems modelling has been successfully used to investigate several key molecular mechanisms of ageing.
modelling frameworks to allow integration of models and methods to enhance confidence in models are now well established.
ageing can be defined as the gradual deterioration of physiological functions , increasing the incidence of age-related disorders and the probability of death.
therefore , the term ageing not only reflects the lifespan of an organism but also refers to progressive functional impairment and disease.
dietary restriction increases lifespan and delays ageing phenotypes as well and mtor has been assigned a major role in this process.
this may suggest a causal relationship between the lifespan of an organism and its metabolic phenotype.
more than @number@ years after mtor's discovery , a wealth of metabolic and ageing-related effects have been reported.
we specifically focus on distinct roles of isoforms and splice variants across the mtor network.
the loss of muscle mass and weakness that accompanies ageing is a major contributor to physical frailty and loss of independence in older people.
new data also indicate the potential of these processes to interact with and influence ageing in other tissues.
in particular the roles of redox signalling and hsps in regulation of inflammatory pathways appears important in their impact on organismal ageing.
mtdna mutations are one of the hallmarks of ageing and age-related diseases.
it is well established that somatic point mutations accumulate in mtdna of multiple organs and tissues with increasing age and heteroplasmy is universal in mammals.
however , the origin of these mutations remains controversial.
the long-lasting hypothesis stating that mtdna mutations emanate from oxidative damage via a self-perpetuating mechanism has been extensively challenged in recent years.
background : lipids and lipoproteins are recognized as the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
objective : we set out to provide such reference lipid data using a large contemporary population-based cohort study.
study design and setting : lifelines is a cross-sectional population-based dutch cohort study.
we analyzed @number@ adult fasting participants without cardiovascular disease and without lipid-lowering drug use.
lipid levels were directly measured and selected percentiles of all lipid parameters were calculated.
friedewald ldl-c estimation was calculated as well.
in contrast to men , triglycerides were stable in ageing women.
overall , friedewald ldl-c levels are lower compared with the direct measurement , especially with increasing triglyceride levels.
conclusions : this observational study highlights striking gender- and age-related differences in plasma lipid profiles.
the given reference ranges of plasma lipids can assist in early identification of individuals with hypocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia , especially familial hypercholesterolemia.
these reference ranges are available for physicians and patients at www.my-cholesterol.care / .
previous findings suggest that older adults show impairments in the social perception of faces , including the perception of emotion and facial identity.
the majority of this work has tended to examine performance on tasks involving young adult faces and prototypical emotions.
while useful , this can influence performance differences between groups due to perceptual biases and limitations on task performance.
this pattern of results is discussed in relation to mechanisms that may contribute to declines in facial perceptual processing in older adulthood.
the proto-oncogenes ntrk1 / @date@ encode the tropomyosin receptor kinases trka / b / c which play pivotal roles in neurobiology and cancer.
it is not known whether vascular amylin deposition is a consequence or a trigger of vascular injury.
we also carried out biochemical analyses of human brain tissues and studied the effects of the aggregated amylin on endothelial cells ex vivo.
hip rats have brain microhemorrhages , white matter injury , and neurologic deficits.
vascular amylin deposition provokes loss of endothelial cell coverage and tight junctions.
intravenous infusion in ako rats of human amylin , or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein e4 , showed that amylin binds to plasma apolipoproteins.
the intravenous infusion of apolipoprotein e4 exacerbated the brain accumulation of aggregated amylin and vascular pathology in hip rats.
ann neurol @number@ ; 82 : 208-222.
the aim of this study is to assess the relationship between art use and utilization of health care services for diabetes and hypertension.
methods : health and aging in africa : a longitudinal study of an indepth community in south africa is a cohort of @number@ adults.
the baseline study collects biomarker-based data on hiv , art , diabetes , and hypertension and self-reported data on health care utilization.
conclusions : hiv-positive patients who use art are more likely to have received health care services for diabetes and hypertension.
this apparent art advantage suggests that art programs may be a vehicle for strengthening health systems for chronic care.
objectives : obesity prevalence among people living with hiv ( hiv + ) is rising.
we hypothesized inflammation increases when obesity and hiv infection co-occur.
inclusion criteria for this analysis were body mass index ≥ @number@ kg / m and biomarker measurement.
dependent variables were il-6 , scd14 , and d-dimer quartiles.
obesity / hiv status was the primary predictor.
unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were constructed.
results : data were analyzed for @number@ hiv + and @number@ uninfected participants.
we did not detect a synergistic association of co-occurring hiv and obesity on il-6 or scd14 elevation.
d-dimer levels did not differ significantly between body mass index / hiv status groups.
conclusions : hiv-obesity comorbidity is associated with elevated il-6 , decreases in scd14 , and no significant difference in d-dimer.
these findings are clinically significant , as previous studies associated these biomarkers with mortality.
future studies should assess whether other biomarkers show similar trends and potential mechanisms for unanticipated scd14 and d-dimer findings.
age-related alterations in immunity have been linked to increased incidence of infections and decreased responses to vaccines in the aging population.
intrigued by these findings , we investigated whether oaβ and otau share a common mechanism when they impair memory and ltp in mice.
we found that as already shown for oaβ , also otau can bind to amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
moreover , efficient intra-neuronal uptake of oaβ and otau requires expression of app.
scientific achievements in the last few decades , leading to effective therapeutic interventions , have dramatically improved human life expectancy.
scientific discoveries over the past two decades have been instrumental in dissecting molecular mechanism ( s ) which play important roles in determining longevity.
areas covered : over the years , several concepts have been put forward for the development of a viable anti-aging regimen.
another strategy may involve activation of pmrs.
future research efforts are likely to focus on nutrient and energy sensing molecular pathways which include mtor , igf-1 , ampk and the sirtuins.
studies of racial residential segregation have found that black-white segregation in u.s. metropolitan areas has declined slowly but steadily since the early 1970s.
as of this writing , black-white residential segregation in the united states is approximately @number@ % lower than it was in @number@
background : renal function impairment is common in geriatric palliative care patients.
accurate assessment of renal function is necessary for appropriate drug dosage.
several equations are used to estimate kidney function.
methods : a retrospective analysis of data of patients aged ≥70 years admitted to a palliative care in-patient unit.
the agreement between c-g , mdrd , and bis1 equations was assessed with bland-altman analysis.
partial correlation analysis was used to analyze factors influencing the discordance.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ men ; mean age @number@.9±5.8 years ) were enrolled.
the mean δ mdrd and c-g was @number@ ( @percent@ limits of agreement @number@ and @number@ ) .
the magnitude of discrepancy increases with lower scr , lower bmi , and higher age.
older individuals with diminished motor and physical functionality suffer a heightened risk of social exclusion and loneliness.
previous studies have demonstrated the association between social exclusion and loneliness with mental health among the older population.
we collected cross-sectional data from the sage well-being of older people study @number@ on @number@ men and women aged @number@ years and above.
findings indicated that the prevalence of self-reported depression and the feeling of reduced interest in most things were respectively @percent@ and @percent@.
the study concludes that addressing the barriers to engaging in community activities may help minimize burden of depression among the elderly population in south africa.
furthermore , large-scale studies are warranted to explore the social and structural barriers which constrain community participation among the elderly population.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease and accounts for majority of human dementia.
the hyper-phosphorylated tau-mediated intracellular neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid β-mediated extracellular senile plaque are characterized as major pathological lesions of ad.
importantly , the pharmaceutical investigations of anti-aging and ad relevant medications have also been highlighted.
type xvii collagen ( col17 ) is a transmembrane protein located at the epidermal basement membrane zone.
col17 deficiency results in premature hair aging phenotypes and in junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
here , we show that col17 plays a central role in regulating interfollicular epidermis ( ife ) proliferation.
loss of col17 leads to transient ife hypertrophy in neonatal mice owing to aberrant wnt signaling.
the replenishment of col17 in the neonatal epidermis of col17-null mice reverses the proliferative ife phenotype and the altered wnt signaling.
physical aging abolishes membranous col17 in ife basal cells because of inactive atypical protein kinase c signaling and also induces epidermal hyperproliferation.
the overexpression of human col17 in aged mouse epidermis suppresses ife hypertrophy.
these findings demonstrate that col17 governs ife proliferation of neonatal and aged skin in distinct ways.
our study indicates that col17 could be an important target of anti-aging strategies in the skin.
the specimens were divided into three groups according to the donor's age.
group a : 18-20 years , group b : 30-35 years , group c : 45-50 years.
pdlsc were isolated and cultured using a tissue-block-based enzymolytic method by limiting dilution assay.
the colony forming efficiency of pdlsc for three experimental groups was determined.
senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-g ) expression in the three groups was examined using β-galactosidase staining working solution.
cell cycle and apoptosis of the pdlsc were examined by the flow cytometry.
alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity was evaluated by alp staining.
however , the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of pdlsc decreased while donor aging.
background : worldwide , the population is aging and the number of individuals diagnosed with dementia is rising rapidly.
currently , there are no effective pharmaceutical cures.
hence , identifying lifestyle approaches that may prevent , delay , or treat cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults is becoming increasingly important.
computerized cognitive training ( cct ) is a promising strategy to combat cognitive decline.
yet , the underlying mechanisms of the effect of cct on cognition remain poorly understood.
methods : in accordance with prisma guidelines , we used the following databases : medline , embase , and cinahl.
two independent reviewers abstracted data using pre-defined terms.
the physiotherapy evidence database ( pedro ) scale was used to assess quality of all studies included in this systematic review.
results : nine studies were included in this systematic review , with four studies including multiple mri sequences.
results of this systematic review are mixed : cct was found to increase and decrease both brain structure and function in older adults.
in addition , depending on region of interest , both increases and decreases in structure and function were associated with behavioural performance.
the relationship between these biomarkers and regional brain atrophy across the different stages of ad remains largely unexplored.
in contrast , ng was associated with regional brain atrophy only in individuals with aβ pathology.
altogether , our main findings suggest that ng is strongly associated with aβ pathology , whereas nfl is more unspecific.
results : the prevalence of falling in the preceding @number@ months was @percent@.
conclusion : the present study stresses the relationship between falls and subjective well-being.
future longitudinal studies are needed to validate the findings of the present cross-sectional study and to better understand the nature of this relationship.
background : there are growing numbers of older parents providing ongoing care for adults with disabilities.
a parent's aging calls for a redefinition of parental care practices and roles in light of his or her own changing needs.
methods : an interpretive phenomenological analysis perspective was used.
data collection was performed through in-depth , semistructured interviews with @number@ aging parents of children with developmental disabilities , followed by a content analysis.
what choice do i have ? \ " bearing the brunt ; \ "i'm an old woman changing diapers , \ " full-time parents.
hence , this study can serve as a framework for developing tailored and differential intervention methods for these families.
importance : the utility of plasma total tau level as a prognostic marker for cognitive decline and dementia is not well understood.
exposures : concentration of plasma total tau.
main outcomes and measures : risk of mci and dementia ; global and domain-specific cognitive decline.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were men ; mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
in additional analyses restricting the follow-up to @number@ months , plasma total tau did not predict decline among cn participants.
adjusting for elevated brain aβ did not attenuate any association.
there was no interaction between plasma total tau level and brain aβ for prognosis with any outcome.
the association between plasma total tau levels and cognition is independent of elevated brain aβ.
methods : both eyes of each volunteer were scanned by an rtvue xr avanti ; optovue with octa using the split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography algorithm technique.
masked graders evaluated enface angiodisc octa data.
the flow area of onh and the vd were automatically calculated.
results : a total of @number@ eyes of patients with a mean age of @number@.03± @time@ examined.
the total onh ( papillary and peripapillary ) area vd was @number@.03%±4.55%.
the flow area of the onh was @number@.74±0.10 mm / 1.34 mm.
the temporal and inferotemporal peripapillary vd was different between male and female patients.
parkinson disease ( pd ) is increasingly prevalent in the aging population.
spine disorders in patients with pd may be degenerative in nature or may arise secondary to motor effects related to the parkinsonian disease process.
following spine surgery , complication rates are higher in patients with pd than in those without the disease.
literature on spine surgery in this patient population is limited by small cohort size , the heterogeneous patient population , and variable treatment protocols.
there have been important advances in both preventive vaccines and in cure research , but both areas require ongoing investment and innovation.
conclusions : proven interventions , most notably pre-exposure prophylaxis , prep , have been limited in rollout and impact.
treatment as prevention has the promise to improve clinical outcomes but remains uncertain as a prevention tool to reduce population-level hiv incidence.
failure to do better for these individuals and communities could undermine the hiv response.
obesity is a worldwide epidemic , with major health and economic costs.
here we provide evidence that neural computations in the right temporoparietal junction ( rtpj ) and interconnected structures are causally involved in this process.
the androgen receptor ( ar ) has a central role in prostate cancer progression , particularly treatment-resistance disease including castration-resistant prostate cancer.
loss of the p53 tumor suppressor , a nuclear transcription factor , is also known to contribute to prostate malignancy.
here we report that p53 is translocated to the cytoplasm by androgen-mediated induction of g3bp2 , a newly described direct target gene of ar.
g3bp2 induces both cell cycle progression and blocks apoptosis.
translocation of p53 is regulated by androgen-dependent sumoylation mediated by the g3bp2-interacting sumo-e3 ligase , ranbp2.
g3bp2 knockdown results in reduced tumor growth and increased nuclear p53 accumulation in mouse xenograft models of prostate cancer with or without long-term androgen deprivation.
moreover , strong cytoplasmic p53 localization is correlated clinically with elevated g3bp2 expression and predicts poor prognosis and disease progression to the hormone-refractory state.
our findings reveal a new ar-mediated mechanism of p53 inhibition that promotes treatment-resistant prostate cancer.
forensic age inference was initially based on morphological inspection or radiography and only later began to adopt molecular approaches.
however , a lack of accuracy or technical problems hampered the introduction of these dna-based methodologies in casework analysis.
a turning point occurred when the epigenetic signature of dna methylation was observed to gradually change during an individual´s lifespan.
most forensic age predictor models have been developed based on blood dna samples , but additional tissues are now also being explored.
outcomes evaluated were recruitment , attendance , resource use , participant satisfaction , and subjective benefit to participants.
results : the @number@ participants , ages 66-88 yr , attended an average of @number@ of @number@ sessions.
the intervention was completed as planned , physical resources were suitable , and financial resources were adequate.
participants expressed satisfaction with the program's facilitator , group discussions , and materials.
perceived benefits were social relationships , awareness of community resources , and change in attitude toward aging.
conclusion : implementation of a 3-mo lifestyle redesign-inspired program within a health care system was feasible.
background : patients who suffer from scars or wrinkles have several therapeutic options to improve the appearance of their skin.
the available treatment modalities that provide desirable results are often overtly invasive and entail a risk of undesirable adverse effects.
objective : this review aims to evaluate the current evidence in the literature on microneedling.
methods : a systematic literature review was performed by searching the electronic databases pubmed and google scholar.
several clinical trials used randomisation and single-blindation to strengthen the validity of the study outcome.
microneedling showed noteworthy results when used on its own and when combined with topical products or radiofrequency.
when compared with other treatments , it showed similar results but was preferred due to minimal side effects and shorter downtime.
conclusion : this systematic review positions microneedling as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of scars and wrinkles.
advances are being made in vehicle technologies that may help older adults compensate for some of the declines in abilities associated with aging.
these advances hold promise for increasing vehicle safety , reducing injuries , and making the driving task more comfortable.
this special issue contains seven original contributions that address these issues.
as age increases , immune responses and consequently protection following vaccination to seasonal influenza is commonly believed to decrease.
phenotyping included αβ-t-cells , γδ-t-cells , b-cells and myeloid cells.
there were also differences in b-cells , with higher frequencies in r compared to nr.
health systems , as well as individual practitioners , are only just becoming aware of the extent of this problem.
health systems will have to rapidly change practice to manage the number of people dying in the coming years , many with complex multimorbid conditions.
further , health systems must improve integration between primary care and specialist clinicians to ensure the burden is shared efficiently across the system.
this study assessed differences in dynamic fc between young healthy adults ( yh ) and elderly healthy adults ( eh ) compared to static fc.
static fc was calculated as fisher's z-transformed correlation coefficient.
differences in static and dynamic fc between eh and yh were calculated and compared by region.
however , the regions showing differences between eh and yh did not overlap between static and dynamic fc.
conclusion : dynamic fc exhibited differences from static fc in eh and yh , mainly in regions involved in cognitive control and the dmn.
however , this subgroup of patients is under-represented in clinical trials.
ageing is also associated with a decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system and in alterations to it.
few specific trials have been carried out for immunotherapy in elderly people , with most patients considered to be fit.
however , the numbers in elderly groups are small and more investigation is needed , with specific clinical trials for elderly cancer patients.
research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity.
thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies.
likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity.
the heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low.
in this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
methods : this was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of elderly fall patients who presented to the ed from one urban teaching hospital.
we included patients aged @number@ years and older who had an ed fall visit in @number@
results : our study included @number@ older adults.
adverse events steadily increased , from @percent@ at @number@ days , @percent@ at @number@ days , and @percent@ at @number@ months.
in multivariable logistic regression analysis , psychological or sedative drug use predicted recurrent falls , ed revisits , subsequent hospitalizations , and adverse events.
conclusion : more than half of fall patients had an adverse event within @number@ months of presenting to the ed after a fall.
the risk during @number@ months of these adverse events increased with psychological or sedative drug use.
larger future studies should confirm this association and investigate methods to minimize recurrent falls through management of such medications.
background and aim : several measurements were taken for frailty classification in geriatric population.
\ "frailty index \ " is based on \ "deficits in health , \ " but it is still not available in italian version.
thus , the aim of the present work was to validate a version of \ "frailty index \ " for the italian geriatric community.
ifi has been expressed as a ratio of deficits present / deficits considered after a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
ifi was stratified in light , moderate and severe frailty.
area under curve ( auc ) was evaluated for both fried's and ifi frailty index.
conclusions : ifi is a valid measure of frailty after the comprehensive geriatric assessment in an italian cohort of non-institutionalized patients.
results : we screened @number@ records and assessed eligibility of @number@ full-text articles.
forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria for quantitative evaluation.
we observed a predominance of cross-sectional studies , use of different clinical indices of progression , and high heterogeneity in age-control procedures.
longitudinal multicohort studies are needed to unequivocally differentiate aging from disease progression.
spondylometaphyseal dysplasia kozlowski type ( smdk ) is a monogenic disorder within the trpv4 dysplasia spectrum and has characteristic spinal and metaphyseal changes.
we report skeletal mr imaging in a two-year-old patient who manifested typical clinical and radiographic features of smdk.
we have documented abnormalities in endochondral formation of the long and short tubular bones as well as round bones of the wrists and feet.
the vertebral bodies had increased thickness of hyaline cartilage which enveloped ossification centers.
the vertebrae and discs also had abnormalities in size , shape and structure.
these anomalies were most likely the consequence of notochordal remnants presence within the intervertebral discs and in the vertebral bodies.
the advantages of mr imaging in bone dysplasias caused by trpv4 mutations are emphasized in this article.
objective : to characterize treatment trajectories in children newly diagnosed with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) .
methods : we utilized billing records of children aged @number@ to @number@ years in @number@ us states ' medicaid programs between @number@ and @number@
also , @percent@ of @number@ children-years with psychotropic polypharmacy therapy had no psychiatric diagnoses other than adhd.
conclusions : psychotropic polypharmacy , antipsychotic , and anticonvulsant use increased with each year of follow-up.
this effect was strongly mediated by the age of adhd diagnosis with substantial increases in preschoolers but no corresponding effect in older children.
it was only partially explained by physician diagnoses of concomitant mental disorders.
the mechanism of cellular aging likely involves decreased telomere length and is associated with age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is an important risk factor for cvd.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between ltl and mets.
we evaluated @number@ participants in the national health and nutrition examination survey ( 1999-2002 ) .
in addition , triglycerides were negatively associated with ltl in female participants ( p < @number@ ) .
waist circumstance was associated with decreased ltl ( p < @number@ ) in both males and females.
in summary , our study indicated that an increment of mets component is strongly associated with shorter ltl , especially in the female population.
the contribution of the decline in thymic activity for the emergence of autoimmunity is still debatable.
immune-competent adults submitted to complete thymectomy early in life provide a unique model to address this question.
we applied here strict criteria to identify adults lacking thymic activity based on sjtrec levels , to exclude thymic rebound and / or ectopic thymuses.
in agreement , they featured severe naïve cd4 t-cell depletion and contraction of t-cell receptor diversity.
our findings have implications in other clinical settings with impaired thymic activity , and are particularly relevant to studies of autoimmunity in ageing.
immunoprecipitation of tdp-43 showed that flies with htdp-43 mutations had increased levels of ubiquitination and phosphorylation of the htdp-43 protein.
furthermore , histologically , flies expressing htdp-43 m337v showed global , robust neuronal staining for phospho-tdp.
the primary behavioral defect was that flies expressing either htdp-43 g294a or m337v showed a faster decline with age in negative geotaxis.
the liver is a vital organ involving in various major metabolic functions in human body.
microrna-122 ( mir-122 ) plays an important role in the regulation of liver metabolism , but its intrinsic physiological functions require further clarification.
the health burden from heatwaves is expected to increase with rising global mean temperatures and more extreme heat events over the coming decades.
health-related effects from extreme heat are more common in elderly populations.
the population of europe is rapidly aging , which will increase the health effects of future temperatures.
in the 2050s , the arr for the general population is @percent@ , based on temperature projections under rcp @number@
the arrs were higher under rcp @number@
the rise in life expectancy requires strategies to enable healthy ageing and the promotion of a high quality of life in old age.
poor mental health including depression and social isolation can blight older people's lives.
design : cohort study.
setting : uppsala longitudinal study of adult men , sweden.
measurements : a questionnaire was used to obtain information on lifestyle , including education , living conditions , and physical activity.
adherence to a mediterranean-like diet was assessed according to a modified mediterranean diet score derived from 7-day food records.
cardiovascular risk factors were measured.
complete survival data at age @number@ were obtained from the swedish cause of death register.
results : fifty-seven percent of the men survived to age @number@ and @percent@ of the participants at a mean age of @number@ displayed independent aging.
normal weight or overweight and waist circumference of @number@ cm or less were also associated with independent aging.
similar associations were observed with survival.
aim : the study evaluated the relationship of extracellular matrix and renin angiotensin system with myocardial dysfunction in type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
plasma matrix metalloproteinase-1 , timp-1 , amino-terminal propeptide of type i and type iii procollagen and renin angiotensin system activity were measured.
after multivariate adjustment , timp-1 associated with e / e ' ( both at rest and stress ) and diastolic function reserve index.
conclusion : timp-1 is independently associated with myocardial diastolic dysfunction in patients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
sirt6 expression levels were decreased in crswnp tissue.
sirt6 expression levels were modulated by small interfering rna transfection in human nasal epithelial cells ( hne ) .
glycyrrhizic acid ( ga ) and glycyrrhetinic acid ( gta ) are specific chemical compounds that may be isolated from the licorice plant.
the role of chewing in nutrition is important.
although several studies indicate that gum chewing is thought to improve cognitive function , it remains debatable whether gum-chewing does in fact improve cognitive function.
the stroop test is a psychological tool used to measure cognition.
fourteen healthy volunteers ( mean age @number@ years ) participated in this study after providing written informed consent.
a piece of tasteless gum weighing @number@ g was used.
a computerized stroop test was used ( including both congruent and incongruent stroop tasks ) which calculates a response time automatically.
the binominal test was used for comparisons ( p < @number@ ) .
aging often results in a decline in cognitive function , related to alterations in the prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) activation.
maintenance of this function in an aging society is an important issue.
some practices / drills , moderate exercise , mastication , and a cognitive task itself could enhance cognitive function.
seven healthy volunteers ( mean age @number@ years ) participated in this study.
the findings of the study are that all four tasks activated pfc to some extent , without laterality except for the verbal fluency task.
the results confirm that nirs is suitable for measurement of blood oxygenation changes in frontal brain areas that are associated with all four cognitive tasks.
aging is associated with changes in biological functions , such as reduced cardiovascular responses to stressful tasks.
however , less is known about the influence of age on the reactivity of the prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) to acute stressors.
tasks included a control and an experimental condition : during both tasks individuals had to solve simple mental arithmetic problems.
for the experimental condition , all participants were faced with a time limit that induced significant stress.
physiological indexes were collected continuously during the entire procedure using a 2-channel near infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) and an ecg monitoring system.
repeated measures anova were used to assess changes in hemoglobin concentrations , and changes in both heart rate and performance outcomes.
nirs , ecg and performance data showed a significant interaction between the group and condition.
post-hoc analyses of behavioral data showed lower percentages of correct responses and higher response times in the older group.
in summary , these results suggested that cardiovascular and cortical reactivity to stress tasks are a function of age.
older individuals seem to be characterized by blunted physiological reactivity , suggestive of impaired adaptive responses to acute stressors.
therefore , future studies should investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms of prefrontal and cardiovascular changes related to aging.
immunosenescence defines the decline in immune function that occurs with aging.
this has been associated , at least in part , with defective cellular signaling via protein kinase c ( pkc ) signal transduction pathways.
our data suggest reduced pkc activation and consequently reduced response to lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) stimulation and cytokine release.
the defective expression of rack1 may be dependent on age-related alteration of the balance between the adrenal hormones cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) .
dhea levels reduce with aging , while cortisol levels remain substantially unchanged , resulting in an overall increase in the cortisol : dhea ratio.
in contrast , there is evidence that cortisol can act as a negative transcriptional regulator of rack1 expression.
the social interaction provided in this study was an important extrinsic motivator that increased the intrinsic motivation to adhere to the exergame program.
understanding the motivation of older people to use exergames may assist in the process of implementation.
genome-wide studies of aging have identified subsets of genes that show age-related changes in expression.
although the types of genes that are age regulated vary among different tissues and organisms , some patterns emerge from these large data sets.
in contrast , a wide variety of functional classes of genes are downregulated with age , often including tissue-specific genes.
here , we discuss recent findings showing that splicing is misregulated with age.
while defects in splicing could lead to changes in protein isoform levels , they could also impact gene expression through nonsense-mediated decay of intron-retained transcripts.
the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) is a fundamental aspect of normal human biology.
however , when ros generation exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity , oxidative stress arises.
if unchecked , ros production and oxidative stress mediate tissue and cell damage that can spiral in a cycle of inflammation and more oxidative stress.
this article is part @number@ of a 3-part series covering the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease.
the broad theme of this first paper is the mechanisms and biology of oxidative stress.
they then explore telomere biology and cell senescence.
spontaneous rupture of the achilles tendon is increasingly common in the middle aged population.
however , the cause for the particularly high incidence of injury in this age group is not well understood.
therefore , the objective of this study was to identify age-specific differences in the achilles tendon-muscle complex using an animal model.
numerous alterations in tendon properties were detected across age groups , including inferior material properties ( maximum stress , modulus ) with increasing age.
differences in function were also observed , as older animals exhibited increased ankle joint passive stiffness and decreased propulsion force during locomotion.
macroscale differences in tendon organization were not observed , although cell density and nuclear shape did vary between age groups.
yet unrelated individuals do share receptors , which together constitute a \ "public \ " repertoire of abundant clonotypes.
the tcr repertoire is initially formed prenatally , when the enzyme inserting random nucleotides is downregulated , producing a limited diversity subset.
despite these detrimental outcomes , population frequencies of apoe-ε4 are high.
we examined a rural ghanaian population with a high pathogen exposure for selective advantages of apoe-ε4 , to survival and or fertility.
among women aged @number@ years and older ( n = @number@ ) , apoe-ε4 was not associated with the lifetime number of children.
however , apoe-ε4 was associated with higher fertility in women exposed to high pathogen levels.
conclusions : contrary to affluent modern-day populations , apoe-ε4 did not carry a survival disadvantage in this rural ghanaian population.
moreover , apoe-ε4 promotes fertility in highly infectious environments.
our findings suggest that apoe-ε4 may be considered as evolutionarily adaptive.
its adverse associations in affluent modern populations with later onset diseases of aging further characterize apoe-ε4 as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
most importantly , significant national efforts and policy proposals substantiate these efforts and will be reviewed.
summary : age-related hearing loss is a critical public health issue that affects almost all older adults.
accompanying policy efforts provide the necessary support needed to increase access to care significantly.
purpose of review : physical inactivity in older adults is associated with declining functional capacity , sarcopenia , metabolic changes , and cognitive changes.
current physical activity guidelines recommend @number@ min of moderate-intensity exercise along with strengthening and balance exercises.
despite the guidelines there is little evidence of a population-based change in physical activity.
recent findings : there is a growing body of research investigating the use of high-intensity interval training in older adult to improve health-related outcomes.
physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for the development of noncommunicable diseases.
background : this study explores changes in the leisure-time physical activities of canadian adults over time.
however , increases in overall physical activity levels are mainly due to increases in walking , gardening , and home exercise.
increases in these @number@ activities in particular compensate for declines in engagement levels over time in most other activities.
objectives : to compare the effectiveness of injection augmentation and bilateral thyroplasty surgery in managing age-related changes of the larynx.
study design : retrospective chart review of patients treated with bilateral thyroplasty and / or injection augmentation.
those exhibiting a greater than @number@ change in v-rqol after treatment were significantly more likely to report swallowing symptoms pretreatment.
patients post-thyroplasty rated their voices as significantly closer to their best voice than patients postinjection.
likewise , @percent@ of patients who had thyroplasty surgery reported a significant treatment effect compared to @percent@ for injection augmentation.
level of evidence : @number@
laryngoscope , 127 : 2572-2577 , @number@
a growing body of research has examined how family dynamics shape residential mobility , highlighting the social-as opposed to economic-drivers of mobility.
evaluating the predictive ability of mortality forecasts is important yet difficult.
death rates and mean lifespan are basic life table functions typically used to analyze to what extent the forecasts deviate from their realized values.
approaches that account for dynamic age shifts in survival improvements appear to perform better than others that enforce relatively invariant patterns.
given the worldwide incidence and prevalence of cancer , there is increasing interest in physical activity as a nonpharmacological intervention and prevention method.
background : cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the principal contributor to the burden of disease and mortality worldwide.
previous studies observed associations between early age at first birth ( afb ) and all-cause mortality.
afb may be associated with cvd both through physiological and sociobiological pathways.
in this paper , we review the literature on afb and cvd events and mortality.
additionally , we provide an overview of limitations of the current research and recommendations for future research.
data were extracted using a pre-defined list.
results : a total of @number@ publications , reporting on @number@ associations , were included in the review.
ten studies observed a positive association between early afb and cvd while two studies observed a positive association between later afb and cvd.
conclusions : early afb is possibly related to cvd.
objective : we detail a new approach to the creation of normative data for neuropsychological tests.
the traditional approach to normative data creation is to make demographic adjustments based on observations of correlations between single neuropsychological tests and selected demographic variables.
differential base rates empirically describe the potential clinical implications of failing to create an appropriate normative group.
we demonstrate this approach with data from a short telephone-administered neuropsychological battery given to a large , neurologically healthy sample aged 45-85 years old.
we explored whether adjustments for age and medical conditions were warranted based on differential base rates of spuriously impaired scores.
despite a small correlation between number of medical conditions and each neuropsychological variable , normative adjustments for number of medical conditions does not appear warranted.
implications for creation of normative data are discussed.
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) account annually for almost one third of all deaths worldwide.
among the cvd , systemic arterial hypertension ( sah ) is related to more than half of those outcomes.
several studies have related oxidative stress , production of free radicals , and neuroendocrine and genetic changes to the physiopathogenesis of vascular aging.
in older individuals , however , the reflected wave occurs earlier , reaching the heart during systole.
this parallels the ongoing nursing shortage , as lack of faculty limits nursing student capacity.
explanation of how dnp-prepared faculty can help fill the nursing faculty shortage and strategies are explored in this article.
long-term habitation in space leads to physiological alterations such as bone loss , muscle atrophy , and cardiovascular deconditioning.
two predominant factors-namely space radiation and microgravity-have a crucial impact on oxidative stress in living organisms.
here , we discuss the effects of space radiation , microgravity , and a combination of these two factors on oxidative stress.
future research may facilitate safer living in space by reducing the adverse effects of oxidative stress.
protein p53 is known to induce the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to a variety of cellular distress signals and dna damage.
a recent study has demonstrated that in blood cells of aging subjects , p53 may induce early pathological changes that precede the amyloidogenic cascade.
in groups of subjects over @number@ years of age , numerous aβ diffuse plaques were scattered throughout the cerebellar cortex.
in these subjects , p53 protein was detected in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus of the cerebellar nerve cells.
methods : thirteen young healthy subjects were enrolled to undergo dki and psir sequences in the csc.
results : intra-class correlation coefficients between the two readers ranged from good to excellent ( @number@ to @number@ ) .
the inferior level consistently had the highest concordance.
the lower values of scan-rescan variability for all dki parameters were found for the inferior level.
statistically significant differences in kurtosis values were not found in the lateral white-matter bundles of the spinal cord.
however , these methods have some disadvantages including high computational cost and slow convergence rate.
many different speed-up techniques for cs-based reconstruction algorithms have been developed.
the purpose of this paper is to propose a fast reconstruction framework that combines a cs-based reconstruction algorithm with several speed-up techniques.
methods : first , total difference minimization ( tdm ) was implemented using the soft-threshold filtering ( stf ) .
second , we combined tdm-stf with the ordered subsets transmission ( ostr ) algorithm for accelerating the convergence.
more importantly , the increased computation time ( ≤10% ) was minor as compared to the acceleration provided by the proposed method.
conclusions : in this paper , we have presented a cs-based reconstruction framework that combines several acceleration techniques.
both simulation and phantom studies provide evidence that the proposed method has the potential to satisfy the requirement of fast image reconstruction in practical ct.
after completion of the intervention participants could choose to continue performing rt unsupervised until 6-month follow-up.
results : strength , body composition , function , and wellbeing all significantly improved over the intervention.
ethnopharmacological relevance : cyperus rotundus l.
( cr ) has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine in asian countries to treat diverse gynecological disorders.
however , the potential therapeutic effect of cr on endometrial receptivity for successful embryo implantation to treat female infertility has not been fully studied.
materials and methods : the water extract of cr was prepared and fingerprinted using high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) .
for the expression and regulation of lif , reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( rt-pcr ) and western blotting were performed in cr-stimulated ishikawa cells.
to evaluate lif-mediated integrin expression , knockdown of lif by shrna was performed in ishikawa cells.
the effect of cr on endometrial receptivity was determined by an in vitro adhesion assay between jar cells and cr-induced ishikawa cells.
seven days after cr treatment , all female mice were caged with male mice until pregnancy was verified.
on day @number@ of pregnancy , ru ( 4mg / kg ) was injected subcutaneously to induce embryo implantation failure.
result : cr increased the expression of lif through the / protein kinase b ( pi-3k / akt ) signaling pathway in ishikawa cells.
in addition , cr enhanced adhesion of jar cells onto ishikawa cells by inducing the expression of lif-dependent integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5.
furthermore , cr improved the number of implantation sites in pregnant mice despite ru injection.
our findings provide evidence that cr has therapeutic potential against poor endometrial receptivity.
adaptation to stress is identified as one of the seven pillars of aging research.
individuals with ner-defective xeroderma pigmentosum ( xp ) , in which bulky dna lesions are not efficiently removed , are cancer-prone and suffer neurodegeneration.
however , simple and quick assays to detect such damaging agents have not been developed using human cells.
this assay is based on a comparison of fluorescent protein expression in ner-proficient and ner-deficient cells.
when we tested uv-irradiated fluorescent protein vectors , the fluorescent protein was observed in ner-proficient cells , but not in ner-deficient cells.
similar results were obtained for vectors treated with the anticancer drug , cisplatin.
with further validation , the assay might be also applicable to xp diagnosis.
methods : data were used from people aged 60-67 years who responded to a mail survey in brisbane , australia , in @number@
respondents indicated their agreement / disagreement with seven pa motivators and @number@ pa context preferences.
data were analyzed using multi-level multinomial logistic regression , adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables , and pa level.
results : of the @number@ respondents , @percent@ was female.
the three leading motivating factors for both women and men were to prevent health problems , to feel good and to lose weight.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : forty clinical centers in the united states.
measurements : mixed-effects linear regression models were used to determine the association between time-varying pa and change in each ppm.
potential interactions between time-varying pa and age ( < 70 , ≥70 ) were also tested.
these data support the view that regular pa plays an important role in maintaining functional status during aging in older women.
telomere shortening represents an established mechanism connecting aging and cancer development.
tl was analyzed by monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
we have observed substantially shortened tl in the cells of patients at diagnosis compared to age-adjusted controls.
in patients reaching ccr after chemotherapy , telomere shortening was less pronounced than in persistence or relapse but still significantly shortened compared to controls.
we estimate patients harboring approximately @number@ years of premature telomere loss compared to healthy aged-matched subjects at the time of aml onset.
our data indicate a pre-existing telomere deficit in non-clonal hematopoiesis of aml patients providing a link between age and aml development.
purpose : to evaluate the antibacterial , mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of an orthodontic adhesive that contains quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine ( qpei ) nanoparticles.
materials and methods : qpei nanoparticles were added to an orthodontic adhesive at @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ wt / wt.
antibacterial activity was tested after aging for @number@ days using the direct contact test ( dct ) .
the degree of monomer conversion ( dc ) was measured using fourier transform infrared ( ftir ) spectroscopy.
shear bond atrength ( sbs ) was tested on the etched enamel of extracted human teeth.
biocompatibility was tested using keratinocyte and neutrophil cell lines in the xtt assay.
keratinocyte and neutrophil viability did not change following the addition of qpei to the orthodontic adhesives.
due to the rapid aging of the population , it has become important to ensure the provision of primary health care services.
moreover , the japanese government intends to promote family pharmacies ( pharmacists ) that not only prepare drugs but also give advice on health issues.
as an example , we would like to introduce an education program for pharmacists designed to develop clinical reasoning skills for patients ' symptoms.
background and aims : aortic atherosclerosis is an aggregate marker of vascular risk factor exposure and has been associated with intracranial atherosclerosis and stroke.
we hypothesized that atherosclerosis of the descending aorta ( dao ) could be a risk marker for brain aging and injury.
an additional analysis compared incidence of stroke or tia in participants with and without dao plaques.
we observed similar associations of dao plaque burden with tcbv and wmhv.
there were @number@ strokes and @number@ tias in prospective follow-up ( median @number@ years ) .
presence of dao plaque was not associated with subsequent stroke or tia.
conclusions : in this cross-sectional community-based study , we found dao plaque is associated with accelerated brain aging.
background : despite a common misconception , older adults engage in sexual behavior.
aim : to assess the cross-sectional prevalence of and characteristics associated with sexual activity and physical tenderness in community-dwelling older adults.
analyses were stratified by sex and partner status.
outcomes : sexual activity and physical tenderness ( eg , fondling or kissing ) in the last @number@ months.
potential associated characteristics included measurements of demographics , socioeconomic position , health behavior , and health status.
engaging in sexual behavior was generally associated with younger age , greater social support , healthier behaviors , and better physical and psychological health.
clinical implications : findings show that older adults engage in sexual activity.
offering an opportunity for open discussion of sexuality and medical assistance without imposing is a difficult balance.
we encourage health care professionals to proactively address sexuality and extend knowledge about safe sex and sexual function to older adults.
strengths and limitations : thus far , this is one of the largest samples of sexual behavior assessment in adults older than @number@ years.
the greatest barrier to being sexually active at an older age is lack of a partner , which particularly affects women.
sexuality is an important aspect of active aging.
freak-poli r , kirkman m , de castro lima g , et al.
sexual activity and physical tenderness in older adults : cross-sectional prevalence and associated characteristics.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 918-927.
all hormones were assayed using validated liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
outcomes : pharmacokinetics of selected hormones was determined.
patients rated their satisfaction on a scale from @number@ ( very satisfied ) to @number@ ( very dissatisfied ) .
adverse events were monitored throughout.
results : fifteen patients were included ( mean age = @number@ years , sd = @number@ years ) .
concentrations of free testosterone , dihydrotestosterone , and estradiol mirrored that of total testosterone.
male functioning ( iief score ) , depression ( ces-d total score ) , and androgen-deficiency symptoms ( qadam total score ) improved from baseline.
most patients were \ "very satisfied \ " ( @percent@ ) or \ "quite satisfied \ " ( @percent@ ) with treatment.
testosterone pellets were well tolerated.
pellet extrusion and polycythemia occurred in one patient each.
strengths and limitations : this study provides standardized data for the implantation of @number@ testosterone pellets.
conclusion : implantation of @number@ testosterone pellets ( @number@ mg ) was well tolerated and provided adequate and sustained serum testosterone concentrations.
additional randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety findings.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 883-890.
influencing factors were performed using multiple stepwise regression analysis.
results : the curative care expenditure for the aged was @number@ billion rmb.
most of the expenditure for the old people was in hospital.
moreover , by the disease , the highest expenditure was incurred by non-communicable diseases.
the financing scheme of the aged was concentrated on social health insurance and family health expenditure.
hospitalization expenditure was significantly associated with length of stay , operation , etc.
conclusions : this study intends to capture large data from various medical institutions with a new accounting system.
the finding illustrates that the burden of old people is still heavy.
the role of androgens has recently investigated and these hormones were considered to have a protective function on the ocular surface.
in conclusion , the present method made it possible , for the first time , to study steroid profiling directly in tear fluid.
cigarette smoke is a complex and oxidative aerosol.
these results indicate that whole smoke-induced oxidative stress occurs in two different kinds of cells at air-liquid interface.
the relationship between age and gait characteristics in people with and without medial compartment osteoarthritis ( oa ) remains unclear.
we aimed to characterize this relationship and to relate biomechanical and structural parameters in a subset of oa patients.
twenty five participants with diagnosed unilateral medial knee oa and @number@ healthy participants , with no known knee pathology were recruited.
3d motion capture was used to analyse sagittal and coronal plane gait parameters while participants walked at a comfortable speed.
in a subset of oa patients , clinically available computed tomography images were used to assess joint structure.
knee adduction moment correlated with structural parameters in the subset of oa patients.
the prevalence of valvular heart disease ( vhd ) in the united states was estimated to be approximately @percent@ in the 1990s.
the prevalence currently is thought to be increasing because of more accurate diagnostic methods and aging of the population.
mitral stenosis , most often caused by rheumatic fever , is uncommon in the united states.
when vhd is suspected , transthoracic echocardiography should be obtained first.
guidelines for vhd management recommend interval monitoring with echocardiography.
the exact interval recommended depends on the severity of the valve dysfunction and whether the patient is symptomatic.
monitoring of asymptomatic patients is important because early intervention , when valve function worsens or symptoms develop , is associated with better outcomes.
microglia are essential for cns homeostasis and innate neuroimmune function , and play important roles in neurodegeneration and brain aging.
here we present gene expression profiles of purified microglia isolated at autopsy from the parietal cortex of @number@ human subjects with intact cognition.
limited overlap was observed in microglial genes regulated during aging between mice and humans , indicating that human and mouse microglia age differently.
in asian nations , family ties are considered important.
however , it is not clear what happens among older people with no such ties.
to investigate the association , we used longitudinal data from the aichi gerontological evaluation study ( ages ) project.
functionally independent older people at baseline ( the nucleolus is the subnuclear membrane-less organelle where rrna is transcribed and processed and ribosomal assembly occurs.
if not properly repaired , rdna damage may contribute to premature disease onset and aging.
connection with others is an essential part of our being as humans.
daily interactions provide chances to laugh , argue , empathize , and love.
a lack of human connectedness can lead to loneliness , isolation , and deterioration of physical health.
older adults may encounter challenges in maintaining the connections they used to have or in forming new connections.
[ journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services , 55 ( @number@ ) , 13-17. ] .
screening for colorectal cancer ( crc ) is implemented in an increasing number of countries.
these prevalence estimates were used to derive ppvs and npvs for existing and potential noninvasive screening tests with varying levels of sensitivity and specificity.
within all regions and countries , prevalence strongly increases with age and is higher in men than in women.
in addition , major variation was seen between regions and countries , with overall prevalence varying between @number@ and @percent@.
investigating the most likely causal variants identified by fine-mapping analyses may improve the power to detect gene-environment interactions.
analyses were carried out separately for estrogen receptor ( er ) positive ( er + ) and er negative ( er- ) disease.
the bayesian false discovery probability ( bfdp ) was computed to assess the noteworthiness of the results.
four potential gene-environment interactions were identified as noteworthy ( bfdp < @number@ ) when assuming a true prior interaction probability of @number@
sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of muscle mass and is one of the main contributors to musculoskeletal impairments in the elderly.
the cellular roles of topoisomerase iiβ are very less understood compared to its counterpart topoisomerase iiα.
design : prospective observational cohort study.
methods : setting : university of california , san diego.
study population : seventy-five eyes from @number@ normal participants.
slope and variability estimates were used to reconstruct \ "real-world \ " oct imaging measurements with computer simulations.
main outcome measure : false-positive rates for progression in normal eyes using different definitions.
results : the estimated normal average rnfl thickness change over time was @number@ ± @number@ μm / year ( p < @number@ ) .
from this , implications for practice and research are provided.
previous studies have reported the antitumor activity of mln4924 mediated by its efficacy on apoptosis , autophagy and senescence.
however , whether mln4924 has any effect on renal carcinoma cells ( rcc ) remains unexplored.
according to the prevailing theory , aging is accompanied by a continuous and progressive decline in mitochondrial metabolic activity in cells.
however , the most robust approaches to extending healthy lifespan are frequently linked with reduced energy intake or with lowering of mitochondrial activity.
while these observations appear contradictory , recent work and technological advances demonstrate that metabolic deregulation during aging is potentially biphasic.
in this opinion we propose a novel framework where middle-age is accompanied by increased mitochondrial activity that subsequently declines at advanced ages.
we aimed to examine the prevalence and characteristics of chdms throughout adult life.
we developed a targeted re-sequencing assay combining high-throughput with ultra-high sensitivity based on single-molecule molecular inversion probes ( smmips ) .
loci screened included @number@ regions known to drive clonal hematopoiesis when mutated and @number@ novel candidate loci.
our assay's improved sensitivity allowed us to detect mutations with variant allele frequencies as low as @number@
we extensively searched @number@ korean and @number@ english online databases , extracting a total of @number@ studies for the analysis.
the psychological domain had the highest effect size.
this was followed , in descending order , by the social , functional and familial , and demographic domains.
importantly , the familial domain , which has not been explored in many existing sa models , emerged as a notable predictor.
purpose of review : this review highlights some of the important changes in the immune system that occur in the process of normal aging.
recent findings : profound qualitative and quantitative changes occur in the adaptive and innate immunity compartments during aging.
these changes may explain why patients of older age are at an increased risk of infections and infection-associated mortality.
changes may be additive or synergistic with the effects produced by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive medications.
clinicians should exercise a high level of vigilance in monitoring the risk of infections in older patients on these treatments.
background : chronic migraine is a complex clinical condition often undertreated.
however , the impact of obt-a in clinical practice remains to be defined.
ninety-six headache centers were selected and contacted via e-mail.
the online survey was anonymous and carried out using a secure website.
results : overall , @number@ of the @number@ centers ( @percent@ ) completed the questionnaire.
most centers ( @percent@ ) had been using obt-a for > 1 year.
obt-a was administered according to the preempt paradigm in most centers ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : this survey indicates that in third-level headache centers in italy obt-a is used in good compliance with current recommendations.
there is agreement about the definition of response as a reduction in headache days by @percent@ to @percent@.
additional effort is required to define response to obt-a and to establish optimal treatment duration.
purpose of review : we aimed to summarize recent findings in cervical ( cead ) and intracranial artery dissection ( iad ) research.
distinct genetic variants were associated with cead.
however , in clinical practice , genetic investigations are not helpful due to the small effect size.
future research is needed to clarify which patients benefit most from each treatment modality.
whether to use antiplatelets or anticoagulants in stroke prevention in cead-patients is still a matter of debate.
non-vitamin-k-oral anticoagulants should not be used in cead outside a properly designed trial , as experience with these drugs in cead-patients is limited.
with many iad patients developing intracranial hemorrhage , antithrombotic therapy should be used with caution.
knowledge about cead and iad has advanced substantially.
fecal immunochemical tests ( fits ) detect the majority of crcs and some proportion of adenomas also in the proximal colon.
we assessed the expected diagnostic performance of combined application of fs and fit.
only studies that conducted colonoscopy in all subjects were included.
pubmed and web of science were searched until @date@ .
reference lists of eligible studies were also screened.
bivariate meta-analyses were used to derive summary estimates of overall sensitivity and specificity of individual and joint application of both tests.
ten eligible studies were identified.
the pooled specificity ( @percent@ ci ) of fit was @percent@ ( 90-95% ) .
adding a fit to a once-only screening fs would substantially increase sensitivity of crc screening at a modest loss in specificity.
these principles emphasize that physical and functional phenotypes of an adult are determined by gene-environment interactions from early life onward.
the principles highlight the critical nature of cumulative exposure memories in defining changes in resilience progressively during life.
the kdigo definition of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) allowed a more detailed characterization of ckd causes , epidemiology and consequences.
the picture that has emerged is worrisome from the point of view of translation.
ckd was among the fastest growing causes of death in the past @number@ years in age-adjusted terms.
skeletal muscle blood flow is attenuated in aged humans performing dynamic exercise , which is due , in part , to impaired local vasodilatory mechanisms.
recent evidence suggests that folic acid improves cutaneous vasodilation during localized and whole body heating through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms.
however , it is unclear whether folic acid improves vasodilation in other vascular beds during conditions of increased metabolism ( i.e. , exercise ) .
we screened snca exon @number@ in @number@ patients without snca multiplications ( @number@ with autosomal dominant pd and @number@ with sporadic pd ) .
the proband manifested slow and progressive parkinsonism at @number@ years.
later she complicated with cognitive decline and hallucinations.
several of her immediate family members also presented with parkinsonism , cognitive decline , and psychosis.
we enrolled @number@ c9orf72 and @number@ disease severity-matched sporadic mnd patients , and @number@ controls.
c9orf72 patients showed cerebellar and thalamic atrophy versus all sporadic cases.
compared with sporadic-early , c9orf72 patients revealed an occipital cortical thinning.
c9orf72 patients had enhanced visual network functional connectivity versus sporadic-motor and sporadic-early cases.
structural cerebellar and thalamic damage and posterior cortical alterations are the brain magnetic resonance imaging signatures of c9orf72 mnd.
frontotemporal cortical and widespread white matter involvement are likely to be an effect of the disease evolution rather than a c9orf72 marker.
it has been hypothesized that age-related hearing loss is caused not only by peripheral but also central changes in the auditory system.
many studies used event-related potentials ( erps ) elicited by sound onsets to characterize the age-related differences in central auditory processing.
age-related erp enhancements in such studies have often been interpreted in terms of elevated sensitivity to auditory stimulation.
such erps , however , comprise various components reflecting different aspects of auditory and task-related processing.
the composition of the waveforms may considerably differ for erps elicited by other auditory events.
in older adults , however , offset-related processing was dominated by an n2 that could reflect enhanced cognitive control activities.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impaired cognitive functions.
the higher incidence of ad among women indicates that sex is one of the main risk factor for developing the disease.
we report that spatial memory is strongly affected in appxps1 females while remarkably spared in males , at all ages tested.
moreover , high densities of hypertrophic astrocytes are observed in the dentate gyrus of appxps1 females specifically.
by revealing sex-dependent hippocampal alterations , our data may provide causal explanation to appxps1 females ' memory deficits.
glaucoma is a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by damage to the inner layers of the retina and deformation of the optic nerve head.
the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons results in an irreversible loss of vision and is correlated with increasing age.
extracellular matrix changes related to natural aging generate a stiffer extracellular environment throughout the body.
altered age-associated ocular tissue stiffening plays a major role in a significant number of ophthalmic pathologies.
methods : in this monocentric retrospective observational study , patients affected by nonproliferative sc retinopathy were included from @date@ to @date@ .
patients were separated into one of the following three groups : hbss , hbsc , and control.
all groups underwent full ophthalmologic examination ( fundus examination ) and fferg.
for sc patients , additional imaging testing was also performed ( fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography ) .
results : a total of @number@ eyes from @number@ patients ( @number@ hbss and @number@ hbsc ) and @number@ eyes from @number@ controls were included.
this could provide new insights on the pathophysiology of the retinal affection in hbss / hbsc sc disease.
the aim of the current study was to investigate balance and walking gait in adults with a history of cannabis use.
we hypothesised that cannabis use is associated with subtle changes in gait and balance that are insufficient in magnitude for detection in a clinical setting.
however , balance and neurological parameters did not significantly differ between the groups.
further research is required to investigate if the subtle gait changes observed in this population become more apparent with aging and increased cannabis use.
type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) affects latinos at twice the rate seen in populations of european descent.
we recently identified a risk haplotype spanning slc16a11 that explains ∼20% of the increased t2d prevalence in mexico.
here , through genetic fine-mapping , we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele ( s ) .
both independent mechanisms reduce slc16a11 function and suggest slc16a11 is the causal gene at this locus.
our findings suggest that increasing slc16a11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for t2d.
video abstract.
background : mammographic density ( md ) is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors.
its age-related characteristics have been studied in women in western countries , but whether these associations apply to women worldwide is not known.
in all , @number@ women were premenopausal , and @number@ postmenopausal , at the time of mammography.
the study is limited by different mammography systems and its cross-sectional rather than longitudinal nature.
conclusions : declines in md with increasing age are present premenopausally , continue postmenopausally , and are most pronounced over the menopausal transition.
design : cross-sectional longitudinal study.
participants : cognitively intact survivors of the third wave ( n = @number@ ) , who provided blood samples for standard laboratory work.
results : the newly developed duke fi had content , construct , concurrent , and predictive validity.
senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by changes in cell morphology and physiology occurring in vitro and in vivo.
senescence evolved as a beneficial response to damage promoting wound healing , limiting fibrosis , fighting against cancer and helping embryonic development.
therefore , the aim of many researchers is to find out a way to eliminate senescent cells and improve the health condition of aging people.
finally , future perspectives of this research are discussed.
reduction in vision is not inevitable but a manageable consequence of getting older.
some physiological and disease processes associated with ageing may reduce vision and , in some cases , this reduction in vision cannot be treated.
much of it can be prevented , however.
prevention of visual loss is one of the keys to the maintenance of independence in older people.
bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric illness characterised by fluctuation in mood state , with a relapsing and remitting course.
interestingly , the patient carried the c.1639 c > t variant in the grn gene , resulting in a r547c substitution.
introduction : polish ageing society still experiences health-related problems and the increasing difficulties in receiving medical care.
the initiation of telemedicine programmes can change this situation for better.
material and methods : questionnaire based research was conducted in @number@ on a sample group of @number@ seniors.
each participant gave their consent to take part in the research.
a positive attitude towards telemedicine was expressed by @percent@ of those surveyed.
however the seniors ' need for telemedical services was more limited and did not exceed the @percent@.
the sample was selected on the basis of multi-stage clustered design from the non-institutionalized adult population.
analysis was based on @number@ elderly people aged @number@ and over from the general polish population who participated in the courage in europe project.
six regions of poland were distinguished according to first level of nomenclature of units for territorial statistics ( nuts ) classification .
self-rated health ( srh ) was measured by who-europe recommended version ( ranging from ' very good ' to ' very bad' ) .
self-rated health decreased in both groups of older people with a growing number of diseases.
the multivariate linear regression model of predictors of well-being in older age also confirmed differences between urban and rural elderly residents.
in rural residents , subjective well-being significantly increased with the positive effect of the social network.
the parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system and the cause of the majority of sporadic cases is unknown.
females are relatively protected from pd as compared with males and linkage studies suggested a pd susceptibility locus on the x chromosome.
we observed a trend towards hypomethylation in the gene body region of the xist locus in pd females which did not reach significance.
furthermore , we extended our analysis of dna methylation across the entire x-chromosome which revealed no methylation-specific differences between pd females and healthy controls.
cognitive tasks impact postural control when performed concurrently as dual-tasks.
this is presumed to result from capacity limitations in relevant brain regions.
body sway was assessed by median absolute deviation ( mad ) of anterior-posterior translation of the center of mass ( com ) .
brain activation was measured as changes in oxy-hemoglobin by fnirs.
during both single- and dual-task conditions , we found that older adults had greater brain activation relative to younger adults.
our results indicate that neural resources devoted to postural control are reduced under dual-task conditions that engage attention.
importance : the frequency of cancers with indolent behavior has increased with screening.
better tools to identify indolent tumors are needed to avoid overtreatment.
objective : to determine if a multigene classifier is associated with indolent behavior of invasive breast cancers in women followed for @number@ decades.
recursive partitioning identified ultralow risk as the most significant predictor of good outcome.
in tumors \ "not ultralow risk , \ " tumor size greater than @number@ cm was the most predictive of outcome.
results : the alternative transcript smlrp1 is ubiquitously expressed in @number@ human cell lines of different origin and @number@ tissues which is similar to lrp1.
a shift in expression of smlrp1 relative to lrp1 towards smlrp1 was observed in most tumour cell lines compared to healthy tissue.
the expression of lrp1 as well as smlrp1 is decreased in hnscc cell lines in comparison to healthy mucosa.
in vitro results were checked using primary hnscc.
furthermore , the expression of the protein isoform smlrp1 ( @number@ kda ) was confirmed in human tumour cell lines.
comparative results suggest a shift in expression in favour of smlrp1 in tumour cells that warrant further evaluation.
the protein isoform is suggested to be secreted.
background : as antiretroviral therapy efficacy improves , hiv is gradually being recognized more as a chronic disease within the aging hiv-infected population.
this decline is not well understood and it remains unclear if physical decline correlates with the degree of immunosuppression based on cd4 lymphocyte nadir.
physical performance testing consisted of four validated assessments : the @number@.4-meter walk , 30-second chair stand , grip strength and 6-minute walk test.
results : when compared to age- and gender-matched hiv-uninfected reference controls , older hiv-infected persons had diminished physical function.
no correlation was found between physical function and degree of immunosuppression as determined by pre-art cd4 nadir.
conclusions : despite improved survival , hiv-infected adults on suppressive art have diminished physical function compared to hiv-uninfected persons.
none : osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.
gonarthrosis is one of the most serious diseases the highly developed modern medicine must face.
the number of patients suffering from joint pain and progressive disability is growing , especially in economically developed countries.
at present it is known that the degenerative joint disease is of chronic and progressive nature and its pathogenesis is complex.
patients were divided into two groups.
the clinical examination included the measurement of muscle strength using lovett test.
a significant improvement was observed in all the examined patients at all stages of rehabilitation in relation to the baseline values.
conclusions : the conducted modern physiotherapy has a significant effect on the condition of patients after surgery.
purpose of review : to discuss brain changes associated with age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) , including cognitive abilities and neuroimaging findings.
this information will be helpful to hypothesize and ultimately understand how arhl may be mechanistically related to changes in brain structure and function.
it will also be helpful to guide the strength of treatment recommendations.
recent findings : arhl has recently been associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.
this observation is present in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses , in diverse patient populations , and after controlling for a variety of potential confounders.
preliminary brain imaging studies show smaller brain volumes as well as white matter tract dysfunction in adults with hearing loss.
summary : arhl is related to cognitive impairment and dementia.
more study is needed to determine if the association is causal , and if treatment efforts could reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
the differential impact of ageing and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) latent infection on human t-cell subsets remains to some extent controversial.
the united states should turn to state rate setting to concentrate purchasing power.
in exploratory analyses , associations with three site-specific cancers : breast , prostate and colorectal cancers were also examined.
the study sample consisted of @number@ adults from the framingham offspring cohort.
dietary data were collected in 1991-1995 using a ffq along with lifestyle and medical information.
from @number@ to @number@ @number@ incident adiposity-related cancers , including @number@ breast , @number@ prostate and sixty-eight colorectal cancers , were identified.
cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the role of carbohydrate nutrition in cancer risk.
gi and gl were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or any of the site-specific cancers.
total carbohydrate intake was not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers combined or prostate and colorectal cancers.
high- , medium- and low-gi foods were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or prostate and colorectal cancers.
in this cohort of caucasian american adults , associations between carbohydrate nutrition and cancer varied by cancer site.
healthier low-gi carbohydrate foods may prevent adiposity-related cancers among women , but these findings require confirmation in a larger sample.
previously , we reported differential mrna and microrna ( mirna ) expression between african american ( aa ) and white women with hypertension.
in human colorectal cancer cells with apc mutations , prxii depletion consistently reduces the β-catenin levels and the expression of β-catenin target genes.
essentially , prxii depletion hampers the parp-dependent axin1 degradation through tankyrase inactivation.
direct binding of prxii to tankyrase arc4 / 5 domains seems to be crucial for protecting tankyrase from oxidative inactivation.
furthermore , a chemical compound targeting prxii inhibits the expansion of apc-mutant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo tumor xenografts.
diminished oi may be a practical and affordable biomarker of ad pathology.
objective : to identify the shared neuroimaging signature of gait slowing and cognitive impairment.
gait slowing was calculated by bayesian slopes corrected for intercepts , with higher values indicating faster decline.
nonparametric correlations adjusted for demographics , comorbidities , muscle strength , and knee pain assessed associations of time to walk with gmv.
logistic regression models calculated odds ratios ( ors ) of gait slowing with dementia or mild cognitive impairment with and without adjustment for gmv.
this finding underscores the value of long-term gait slowing as an early indicator of dementia risk.
neonatal and adult t cells differ in their effector functions.
although it is known that cell-intrinsic differences in mature t cells contribute to this phenomenon , the factors involved remain unclear.
the increased binding strength of the tcr repertoire for self-pmhc in neonates was not solely due to reported defects in clonal deletion.
sixteen older ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) overweight ( @number@ ± @number@ kg / m
however , web-based interventions are often characterized by high rates of attrition.
objectives : the aim of this study was to examine the attrition rate and predictors of attrition in a web-based intervention study on alcohol consumption.
methods : the analysis of the predictors of attrition rate was performed on data collected in a web-based randomized control trial.
data collection took place at the university of konstanz , germany.
out of the sample , @percent@ ( 781 / 898 ) were students.
participants were classified as non-completers ( 439 / 898 , @percent@ ) if they did not complete the web-based intervention.
most importantly , non-completers had a significantly higher alcohol consumption compared with completers.
conclusions : hazardous alcohol consumption appears to be a key factor of the dropout rate in a web-based alcohol intervention study.
thus , it is important to develop strategies to keep participants who are at high risk in web-based interventions.
methods : subjects grasped the handle of a horizontal planar robot , with their arm and the robot hidden from view.
the robot applied graded force perturbations , which produced small displacements of the handle.
the amd test required subjects to respond verbally to queries regarding whether or not they detected arm motions.
the mean and standard deviation of the @number@ movement detection thresholds were used to compute a proprioceptive acuity score ( pas ) .
based on the sensitivity and consistency of the estimated thresholds , the pas quantifies the likelihood that proprioception is intact.
lower pas scores correspond to higher proprioceptive acuity.
a subset of the participants completed the amd test multiple times and the amd test was found to be reliable across repetitions.
in the future , this test could be utilized to evaluate the contributions of sensory deficits to motor recovery following stroke.
given the worldwide interest in natural antiphotoaging products , we investigated the protective effects of myrcene in uvb-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts ( nhdfs ) .
methods : through a cross-sectional study using randomized cluster sampling , @number@ clusters were selected in sari , a city in the north of iran.
in each cluster , @number@ people over @number@ years of age were chosen systematically and were invited to participate in the study.
after enrollment , all participants had optometric and ophthalmologic exams including slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy.
results : of the @number@ selected persons , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participated in this study ( age range 55-87 years ) .
all prevalences significantly increased with aging.
amd was more prevalent in men ( @percent@ ) than women ( @percent@ ) ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : overall , @percent@ of the studied population had at least one of the four diseases.
background : systemic arterial hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease ; physical activity for hypertensive patients is related to several beneficial cardiovascular adaptations.
additionally , the heart rate variability ( hrv ) was analyzed by r-r intervals in the frequency domain for the assessment of cardiac autonomic function.
at @number@ minutes after the exercise session , the prevalence of hypotension was significantly higher in water- than in the land-based protocol.
moreover , more pronounced reductions in sbp and dbp were observed in the uh patients compared to th and n subjects.
finally , exercise in the water was more effective in restoring hrv during recovery , with greater effects in the untreated hypertensive group.
computational analysis suggested that @number@ anthocyanins from chokeberry fruit increased klotho ( aging-suppressor ) structural stability , so we hypothesized that chokeberry anthocyanins could antiaging.
after @number@ weeks , cognitive and noncognitive components of behavior were determined.
our studies showed that anthocyanins blocked age-associated cognitive decline and response capacity in senescence accelerated mice.
furthermore , mice treated with anthocyanins-supplemented showed better balance of redox systems ( sod , gsh-px , and mda ) in all age tests.
the dna damage signaling pathway was also regulated with anthocyanins.
although circrna 100269 is a biomarker used to predict cancer recurrence , its expression and function in gastric cancer ( gc ) remain unknown.
in this study , the expression of circrna 100269 and its potential downstream mirna targets were investigated.
the molecular function and regulatory mechanism of circrna 100269 in gc cell lines were also elucidated.
the expression levels of circrna 100269 and its linear isomer lphn2 mrna were found to be downregulated ( p < 0.01 ) in gc tissues.
moreover , direct interaction of circrna 100269 and mir-630 was confirmed through dual-luciferase assays.
overexpressing the circrna 100269 plasmid inhibited cell proliferation ( p < 0.05 ) .
furthermore , transfection of mir-630 mimics into cell lines overexpressing circrna 100269 blocked the function of circrna 100269 ( p < 0.05 ) .
thus , circrna 100269 level was downregulated in gc and correlated negatively with that of mir-630.
taken together , our results suggest that circrna 100269 and mir-630 comprise a novel pathway that regulates proliferation of gc cells.
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a common cancer with very poor survival due to lack of reliable biomarker for early diagnosis.
as such , the expanded prion paradigm could conceptually unify fundamental and translational investigations of these disorders.
data were analysed using a conditional logit model.
results : in total , @number@ older people participated in the study.
the median age was @number@ years ( interquartile range [ iqr ] 69-80 ) , @percent@ were women and @percent@ had oab syndrome.
severe cognitive effects were at least @number@ times as important as severe constipation.
background : few studies have evaluated the association between anticholinergic use and mortality in elderly nursing home residents.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the risk of mortality associated with anticholinergic use among elderly nursing home residents with depression.
methods : the study employed a population-based nested case-control design using 2007-2010 minimum data set ( mds ) -linked medicare data from all states.
the base cohort included medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years , diagnosed with depression as of @number@ and with any mds assessment in @number@
cases were identified as patients who died anytime between @date@ and @date@ .
for each case , four age- and sex-matched controls were selected using incidence density sampling.
anticholinergic exposure was defined using the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) .
prescription of clinically significant anticholinergic medications ( ads level @date@ ) @number@ days preceding the event date formed the primary exposure.
conditional logistic regression model stratified on matched case-control sets was performed to assess mortality risk , after controlling for other risk factors.
results : the study sample included @number@ cases who died and @number@ matched controls.
level-specific analysis indicated high mortality risk with only markedly anticholinergic ( ads level @number@ ) medication use ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.42-1.51 ) .
conclusions : use of clinically significant anticholinergic medications was associated with a @percent@ increase in risk of mortality among elderly nursing home residents with depression.
with increasing safety concerns , there is a significant need to optimize anticholinergic use in the vulnerable population.
mechanisms that enable tumor infiltration of cd8 age-associated clonal hematopoiesis caused by acquired mutations in myeloid cancer-associated genes is highly prevalent in the normal population.
its etiology , biological impact on hematopoiesis , and oncogenic risk is poorly defined at this time.
we used a sensitive gene-targeted deep sequencing approach to gain precision on the exact prevalence of driver mutations and the proportions of affected genes.
mutational status was correlated with biological parameters.
research design and methods : a cross-sectional registry-based study was conducted using data from the swedish dementia registry ( svedem ) .
data on dementia diagnosis , dementia type , and demographic determinants were extracted from svedem.
data from the swedish patient register and prescribed drug register were combined for the diagnosis of diabetes.
data on antidiabetic , dementia , cardiovascular , and psychotropic medications were extracted from the swedish prescribed drug register.
logistic regression was used to determine whether the variables were associated with diabetes after adjustment for confounders.
in total , @number@ patients were included in the study , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) of them received a diagnosis of diabetes.
conclusions : patients with diabetes were younger at dementia diagnosis and obtained less dementia medication for alzheimer disease , suggesting less optimal dementia treatment.
future research should evaluate survival and differences in metabolic profile in patients with diabetes and different dementia disorders.
the mechanisms regulating incretin secretion are not fully known.
human obesity is associated with altered incretin secretion and elevated endocannabinoid levels.
glucose levels were not different with both interventions.
we conclude that elevated gip levels in obesity are likely a consequence of increased endocannabinoid levels.
cbrs exert tonic control over gip secretion , which may have a homeostatic effect in suppressing glp-1 secretion.
this raises the possibility that gut hormones are influenced by endocannabinoids.
discovered in the brains of multiple animal species , pirnas may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illnesses.
the present study aimed to identify brain pirnas across transcriptome that are associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we examined whether pirnas are expressed differently between ad cases and controls and explored the potential regulatory effects of risk snps on pirna expression levels.
we conclude that pirnas are abundant in human brains and may represent risk biomarkers of ad.
plantar centre of pressure ( cop ) variables during gait have been used to predict risk of injury , or consequences thereof.
the aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the cop trajectory during barefoot gait at a self-selected speed.
methods : patients were injected with abobotulinumtoxina along the inferior border of the mandible and into the platysmal bands.
in addition , the overall appearance of the lower face and neck was evaluated by the investigators and subjects global aesthetic improvement score.
pain and patient satisfaction rates were also evaluated.
results : thirty patients were injected with a mean dose of @number@ u of abobotulinumtoxina per patient.
platysmal bands at rest and with maximal tension reached a statistically significant improvement.
when comparing the patients who improved the most to all the other patients , they had lower preinjection region-specific scores.
conclusions : the nefertiti lift can be used on its own or in conjunction with other rejuvenating procedures.
it is particularly helpful in younger patients with platysma muscle hyperactivity and retained skin elasticity.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
the driving and socialization behaviors were videotaped for @number@ minutes per session ( @number@ session per week ) within the same period.
results : independent mobility , visual attention to the switch , and positive facial expressions during the training period were significantly improved.
conclusions : ride-on car training has positive effects on behavioral changes in mobility and socialization among young children with motor disabilities.
this provides clinicians a novel option for implementing early mobility training in a hospital-based environment.
the authors investigated whether young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) have a biologic phenotype of cellular ageing and chronic inflammation.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) was measured using southern blot analysis.
survivors also had significantly shorter ltl compared with controls ( median , @number@ vs @number@ base pairs ; p = @number@ ) .
compared with published data , ltl in survivors was similar to that in healthy individuals aged @number@ years older.
survivors who received cranial irradiation had shorter ltl compared with those who had not ( p = @number@ ) .
these processes may explain the premature development of age-related chronic conditions in childhood cancer survivors.
understanding their molecular basis may facilitate targeted interventions to disrupt the accelerated aging process and its long-term impact on overall health.
cancer @number@ ; 123 : 4207-4214. © @number@ american cancer society.
laryngeal dysfunction in the elderly is a major cause of disability , from voice disorders to dysphagia and loss of airway protective reflexes.
few , if any , therapies exist that target age-related laryngeal muscle dysfunction.
neurotrophins are involved in muscle innervation and differentiation of neuromuscular junctions ( nmjs ) .
it is thought that neurotrophins enhance neuromuscular transmission by increasing neurotransmitter release.
the neuromuscular junctions ( nmjs ) become smaller and less abundant in aging rat laryngeal muscles , with evidence of functional denervation.
we explored the effects of ntf4 for future clinical use as a therapeutic to improve function in aging human laryngeal muscles.
in this method , rats either received ntf4 either systemically via osmotic pump or by direct injection through the vocal folds.
laryngeal muscles were then dissected and used for histological examination of morphology and age-related denervation.
osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial disorder of gradual bone loss and increased fracture risk.
new research criteria that recognise early presentations of psp and operationalise diagnosis of the full spectrum of clinical phenotypes have been reported.
because psp is associated with tau protein abnormalities , there is growing interest in clinical trials of new tau-directed therapies.
objective : some data suggest that obesity blunts the benefits of exercise on mobility in older adults.
life randomized @number@ sedentary men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years to a moderate-intensity physical activity ( pa ) or health education program.
methods : mmd , defined as the inability to walk @number@ m , was determined over an average follow-up of @number@ years.
however , there was no statistically significant difference in benefit across obesity categories.
conclusions : a structured pa program reduced the risk of mmd even in older adults with extreme obesity.
objectives we investigated whether the extent of biomechanical exposures and job strain in midlife separately and jointly predict disability in old age.
information on biomechanical exposures and job strain was collected by questionnaire at baseline.
adjusted prevalence proportion ratios ( pr ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) were modelled using mixed negative binomial regression with robust variance.
the joint effect of two exposures was quantified using the concept of relative excessive risk due to interaction ( reri ) .
results the overall prevalence of disability ( score : 1-12 ) was @percent@ ( women : @percent@ ; men : @percent@ ) .
associations were rather similar in gender-stratified analyses.
conclusion high biomechanical exposure and job strain in midlife were strongly associated with the severity of disability in later life.
the workplace could serve as arena for preventive interventions regarding disability in old age.
elder self-neglect is a global public health and human rights issue that threatens older people's health and safety.
while prevalent , the status of self-neglecting individuals remains largely unclear , in particular within community-dwelling populations.
background : the prevalence of chronic pain and sleep disturbances substantially increases with age.
pharmacotherapy remains the primary treatment option for these health issues.
however , side effects and drug interactions are difficult to control in elderly individuals.
pain was measured with visual analog scales , pain logbooks and questionnaires , while sleep was assessed with actigraphy , sleep diaries and questionnaires.
results : there were no missing data for pain and sleep measures , except for actigraphy , that generated several missing data.
blinding was maintained throughout the study , for both the evaluator and participants.
m1 anodal tdcs in this population appears to be effective to reduce pain , but not to improve sleep.
however , whether their combination may lead to a worsening status in those patients remains unclear.
we therefore aimed to investigate the association of ars and / or ats with hypertensive target organ damage ( tod ) .
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , a total of @number@ community-dwelling elderly subjects ( aged > 65 years ) from northern shanghai were recruited.
despite the relative tolerability and safety of this procedure , associated complications and unnatural deaths are still unavoidable.
pneumonia was the cause of death with the highest frequency.
prophylactic antibiotics and steroids or antihistamine drugs were adopted to reduce the risk of infection.
twenty-two patients ( @percent@ ) experienced hardware-related complications.
conclusion : deaths of pd patients who receive dbs are typically unrelated to the disease itself or complications associated with the surgery.
pneumonia , malignant tumors , asphyxia , and multiple-organ failure are the common causes of death.
orthodontic treatments increase the incidence of white spot lesions.
novel antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate ( dmahdm ) was synthesized and incorporated into transbond xt at @number@ @number@ and @percent@ by mass.
anti-biofilm activity was assessed using a human dental plaque microcosm biofilm model.
shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were also tested.
biofilm activity precipitously dropped when contacting orthodontic cement with dmahdm.
water-aging for @number@ days had no adverse influence on enamel shear bond strength ( p > 0.1 ) .
in this study , the effects of vc deficiency on skin and hair growth were investigated using smp-30 / gnl-ko mice by rna sequencing.
skin samples were collected at @number@ and @number@ weeks after the treatment.
rna was extracted from each skin sample , followed by cdna synthesis and rna-seq.
in addition , hair growth was compared between the vc ( - ) and vc ( + ) groups after shaving.
skin samples were collected from the shaved area for histological examination by hematoxylin & eosin ( he ) staining.
visual inspection suggested that changes in the expression of the genes are involved in delaying hair growth in the vc ( - ) group.
a community-based sample of @number@ cognitively intact , healthy adults were recruited from the dallas-fort worth metroplex.
ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected during the performance of a visuospatial distance judgment task with three parametric levels of difficulty.
multiple regression was used in a whole-brain analysis with age , apoe group , and their interaction predicting functional brain modulation in response to difficulty.
results revealed an interaction between age and apoe in a large cluster localized primarily to the bilateral precuneus.
decreased modulation in response to cognitive challenge was associated with reduced task accuracy as well as poorer name-face associative memory performance.
findings suggest that apoeε4 is associated with a reduction in the ability of the brain to dynamically modulate in response to cognitive challenge.
objective : fever of unknown origin ( fuo ) is a diagnostic challenge.
an infectious underlying disease was found in @number@ patients.
a malignant disorder was the cause of fuo in @number@ patients.
non-infectious inflammatory disease was found in @number@ patients.
adrenal insufficiency was the cause of fuo in two patients.
the cause of fuo was not found for @number@ patients.
design : retrospective cohort.
setting : infertility clinic.
intervention ( s ) : none.
main outcome measure ( s ) : rate of aneuploidy in endometriosis patients undergoing ivf compared to controls without endometriosis undergoing ivf.
result ( s ) : there were @number@ patients with endometriosis who produced @number@ blastocysts that met the criteria for inclusion in the endometriosis group.
the mean age of the patients with endometriosis was @number@ ± @number@ years.
background : retirement is a major life transition affecting health behaviors.
methods : a multiwave cohort study repeated every @number@ years and data linkage to records from retirement registers.
weight loss was most visible in men retiring from sedentary jobs and weight gain in women retiring from diverse and physically heavy jobs.
despite its potential benefits for reducing disease exacerbations and hospitalisations , hit home monitoring is not always accepted by patients.
methods : an instrumental , collective case study design was used with qualitative interviews of patients in the intervention arm of chromed.
we used framework analysis to examine how well the hitam accounted for the data.
results : participants included @number@ patients aged between 60-99 years and their partners or relatives where applicable.
hit perceived usefulness was related to establishing trends in health status , detecting early signs of infection and potential to self-manage.
due to limited feedback to users opportunities to self-manage were reduced.
in order to increase hit acceptance among older people , equipment design and organisational factors need to be considered.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01960907 @date@ ( retrospectively registered ) clinical trials for elderly patients with multiple disease ( chromed ) .
start date @date@ , end date @date@ .
date of enrolment of the first participant was @date@ .
laboratory diagnostics is especially important in the diagnosis of certain diseases.
we compared manual measurements results to laboratory normal values.
in some cases , these values depend on the gender and age as well.
in the case of alkaline phosphatase , it is rarely considered that reference values change over life periods.
unfortunately , during the daily practice we do not always take into account of the changes with aging.
this is especially true if the laboratory does not specify the age related normal values.
another problem that we mostly focus on the results exceeding the normal values , and do not pay enough attention to the low values.
of course , these results should be put in the context of the clinical picture and other diagnostic test results.
we would like to draw attention to the measuring of alkaline phosphatase and the differential diagnosis for low serum activity.
orv hetil.
@number@ 158 ( @number@ ) : 1003-1007.
gait initiation involves a complex sequence of anticipatory postural adjustments ( apas ) during the transition from steady state standing to forward locomotion.
apas have four core components that function to accelerate the center of mass forwards and towards the initial single-support stance limb.
this study examined the incidence , magnitude , and timing of these components and how they change across the lifespan ( ages 20-79 ) .
@number@ individuals performed five trials of self-paced , non-cued gait initiation on an instrumented walkway.
at least one component of the apa was absent in @percent@ of all trials.
trials missing all four components were rare ( @percent@ ) and were observed in both younger and older adults.
these conditions result in exacerbated mog35-55 peptide-induced eae.
accordingly , we detected gal-8 in human cerebrospinal fluid , suggesting a role in the cns immune-surveillance circuit.
in addition , we show that ms patients generate function-blocking anti-gal-8 antibodies with pathogenic potential.
such antibodies block cell adhesion and gal-8-induced th17 apoptosis.
such a role can be counteracted during rrms by anti-gal-8 antibodies , worsening disease prognosis.
even though anti-gal-8 antibodies are not specific for ms , our results suggest that they could be a potential early severity biomarker in rrms.
background : natural killer t ( nkt ) cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses.
limited information is available regarding the role of nkt cells in the hiv disease progression especially hiv-1 c infection.
the nkt cells from the ltnps showed higher proliferation ability.
the degree of restoration after cart was similar in both cd4 and cd4 nkt cells.
further characterization of their functionality and assessment of sustenance in hiv infection will help to understand the hiv pathogenesis and to develop immune therapies.
background : current hiv treatments are successful at suppressing plasma hiv rna to undetectable levels for most adherent patients.
yet , emerging evidence suggests that viral suppression will inadequately control inflammation and mitigate risk for progressive brain injury.
we sought to quantify differences in longitudinal brain atrophy rates among older virally suppressed hiv-infected participants compared with that of healthy aging participants.
average proximal and nadir cd4 counts were @number@ and @number@ respectively ; 15 / 38 ( @percent@ ) met criteria for hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder.
among those with hiv , atrophy rates did not differ statistically by cognitive status.
conclusions : despite persistent control of plasma viremia , these older hiv-infected participants demonstrate more rapid progressive brain atrophy when compared with healthy aging.
either hiv or other factors that differ between older hiv-infected participants and healthy controls could be responsible for these differences.
dna methylation affects expression of associated genes and may contribute to the missing genetic effects from genome-wide association studies of osteoporosis.
to improve insight into the mechanisms of postmenopausal osteoporosis , we combined transcript profiling with dna methylation analyses in bone.
rna and dna were isolated from @number@ bone biopsies of postmenopausal donors varying markedly in bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
in all , @number@ cpgs in the top @number@ genes most significantly associated with bmd were analyzed.
the methylation levels at @number@ cpgs differed significantly between healthy and osteoporotic women at @percent@ false discovery rate ( fdr ) .
five of these cpgs at @percent@ fdr could explain @percent@ of bmd variation.
this new insight may have implications for evaluation of osteoporosis stage and susceptibility.
perceived promotion of dependence was not a significant moderator.
also , they clarify the role of pain-related self-efficacy in this effect.
( psycinfo database record purpose : cohorts allowing joint epidemiological and biological analyses are essential for radiation risk assessment.
published epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing cancer is three times higher in the exposed individuals than in the general population.
telomeres act as an internal clock , regulating the lifetime of the cell by their shortening during cell division.
mtl is thus a biomarker of age.
many in vitro studies have linked mtl and radiosensitivity.
the fhc will make it possible to discriminate between the effects of aging and radiation on this biomarker.
even among those who previously participated to a self-questionnaire based study , the response rate was only @percent@.
the first biomarker to be studied was the mtl to discriminate age effects from those of radiation exposure.
mtl showed significant variation within age groups ( 4-11 kb ) in both the exposed and non-exposed groups.
we observed no significant changes in mtl according to the average active bone marrow dose.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community.
participants : community-dwelling older adults ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : polypharmacy , defined as use of five or more medications and a cohort-specific alternate definition of eight or more medications , was examined.
velocity ( cm / s ) measured quantitatively during nw and wwt conditions.
group differences were not statistically significant after adjusting for comorbidities.
prevalence of polypharmacy of eight or more medications was @percent@.
conclusion : these results suggest an association between polypharmacy and locomotion that medical comorbidities only partly explained.
locomotive syndrome is defined as a condition of reduced mobility due to impairment of the locomotive organs.
with the increased aging of society , the demand for the prevention and treatment of locomotive syndrome to improve healthy life expectancy is increasing.
studies have shown that exercise programs including balance training and resistance training are effective in preventing falls.
resistance training also improves walking ability ( gait speed ) in older adults.
in japan , ' locomotion training ' consisting of one-leg standing and squatting exercise is recommended to prevent locomotive syndrome.
surgical intervention for the spine and lower extremities is also indicated if conservative management proves ineffective in subjects with progressive walking disability.
therefore , nutritional guidance and exercise instruction are extremely important as well as management of diseases in older people.
in addition , social factors affect the progression of frailty ; thus a more comprehensive approach is needed , including social participation.
in this paper , we describe holistic approaches for prevention and treatment of frailty and sarcopenia.
both of them are involved in the development of osteoporosis that increases risk of fractures.
the principle cause of heart failure is the loss of self-renewal ability of cardiomyocytes in various injuries such as myocardial infarction.
the activation of adiponectin / adipor has caloric restrictive and exercise-mimicking effects thus prolonging lifespan.
we were the first in the world to succeed in identifying small-molecule compounds that serve as seed compounds for candidate adipor-activating drugs.
moreover , we have also reported the crystal structures of adipors.
semi-supercentenarians , or people who reach @number@ years of age , are regarded as model cases for ' successful ageing'.
understanding the biological factors determining extreme longevity and compression of morbidity might help to achieve extended healthy life span for the wider population.
chronic inflammation is one of the common pathological bases underlying aging and aging-related diseases.
in this review , the role and function of chronic inflammation in aging and aging-related diseases will be summarized.
daily rhythms of physiological and behavioral processes such as sleep and arousal are controlled by the circadian clock.
the circadian clock entrains to diurnal environmental changes by using light and food intake as external time cues.
timing of feeding and fasting strongly affects daily rhythms in the expression of circadian clock genes and key regulators of nutrient homeostasis.
the decline in sex hormones along with aging is suggested to be involved in age-associated diseases such as cardiovascular diseases , osteoporosis , and dementia.
new treatment strategy is expected for targeting age-associated diseases against the decreased level of sex hormones.
about @percent@ of total body calcium is present in bone.
therefore , negative calcium balance usually means reduction of bone mass.
aging and trauma cause loss of function of articular cartilage , resulting in osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
chondrocyte , the only type of the cell that resides in the articular cartilage.
recent studies have revealed that aging-associated changes in chondrocytes are important causative factors of oa.
this review describes various mechanism and factors involved in aging of articular cartilage and chondrocytes.
with aging , insulin resistance and sarcopenia in skeletal muscle are induced , resulting in skeletal muscle aging.
on the other hand , as for nutritional supplementation , it has been reported that it works for improving sarcopenia by amino acid ingestion.
sex steroids , primarily estrogen and testosterone , have been shown to play a central role in the aging process of bone.
the relationship between diminishing estrogen levels in women caused by ovarian failure and the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis is widely recognized.
unexpectedly , bone mineral density at various skeletal sites in men is also better correlated with circulating levels of bioavailable estrogen than with testosterone.
recently , it is also suggested that senescent osteocytes and their senescence-associated secretory phenotype may contribute to age-related bone loss.
background : older people constitute a significant proportion of the total population and their number is projected to increase by more than half by @number@
this increasing probability of late survival comes with considerable individual , economic and social impact.
physical activity ( pa ) can influence the ageing process but the specific relationship with healthy ageing ( ha ) is unclear.
methods : we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the associations of pa with ha.
studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception as @date@ .
random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size ( es ) and @percent@ cis.
studies were assessed for methodological quality.
results : overall , @number@ studies were identified including @number@ participants ( @percent@ men ) with age ranges from @number@ to @number@ years old.
there was considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of ha and pa.
most of the identified studies reported a significant positive association of pa with ha , six reported a non-significant.
conclusions : there is consistent evidence from longitudinal observational studies that pa is positively associated with ha , regardless of definition and measurement.
in addition , our research indicated the limited research on ageing in low-and-middle income countries.
whole-brain comparisons showed increased temporal and frontal activation in the older group for low-level motion but no differences for biological motion.
previous studies have shown that more active older adults have better cognition and brain health based on a variety of structural neuroimaging measures.
pa ( self-reported time spent walking ) was assessed annually from years @number@ to @number@
magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor was performed at years @number@ and @number@
time spent walking decreased on average by @percent@ annually from year @number@ to year @number@
maintenance of cognitive performance was associated with smaller increases in white matter axial diffusivity ( p < @number@ ) .
thus , how pa levels change over longer periods of aging may be an important contributor to cognitive and neural protection.
predictors : egfr ( ckd-epi creatinine equation ) , spot uacr.
uacr was associated with poorer processing speed and working memory.
purpose of review : the population over age @number@ is growing more rapidly than the general population.
recent findings : age cutoffs to define oabd range from @number@ to @number@ years.
there is little pharmacotherapy data on mania in oabd.
lithium and valproate have been tested in a single randomized controlled trial and there is data of more limited quality with other compounds.
treating oabd is challenging due to medical complexity , comorbidity , diminished tolerance to treatment , and a limited evidence base.
more data is needed to keep pace with clinical demand.
background : orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) is commonly reported among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of mortality.
face-to-face interviews were conducted and data collected includes sociodemographic information , blood pressure measurements , medical history , health services utilisation , and cognitive status.
results : the prevalence of oh among older adults in singapore was @percent@.
participants with hypertension were more likely to have oh ( or : @number@ @number@.56-5.88 , p = 0.001 ) than those without hypertension.
those with dementia were also more likely to have oh than those with normal cognitive status ( p = 0.007 ) .
conclusions : older age , hypertension , and dementia were independently associated with oh in the older adult population in singapore.
interventions such as home safety assessment and preventive measures should be implemented to improve older adult's functional capacity and quality of life to prevent injury.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) -like appps1 mice aβ-deposition is paralleled by ip upregulation , most likely mediated through type i interferon induction.
to define the impact of increased ip expression we crossed appps1 mice with mice deficient in the ip subunit lmp7 resulting in impaired ip function.
peak frequency and relative power of @number@ frequency bands were calculated.
one hundred eight ( @percent@ ) subjects clinically progressed after @number@ ( iqr @number@.3-3.0 ) years.
in the total sample , none of the eeg spectral measures were significant predictors.
@number@ [ @number@.2-4.4 ] ) , and lower alpha power and peak frequency ( hr [ @percent@ ci ] = @number@ [ @number@.3-1.0 ] resp.
@number@ [ @number@.4-1.0 ] ) were associated with clinical progression over time.
in amyloid positive subjects with normal cognition , slowing of oscillatory brain activity is related to clinical progression.
red and processed meat is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer ( crc ) .
however , exact mechanisms to explain the associations remain unclear.
few studies have investigated the association with crc by molecular tumor features , which could provide relevant information on associated molecular pathways.
however , the mechanisms by which aging impacts immunity to influenza lung infection remain unclear.
we employed a murine model of influenza infection to identify these mechanisms.
with aging , we found reduced numbers of alveolar macrophages , cells essential for lung homeostasis.
we also determined that these macrophages are critical for influenza-induced mortality with aging.
furthermore , aging vastly alters the transcriptional profile and specifically downregulates cell cycling pathways in alveolar macrophages.
aging impairs the ability of alveolar macrophages to limit lung damage during influenza infection.
moreover , aging decreases alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils , downregulates the scavenging receptor cd204 , and induces retention of neutrophils during influenza infection.
thus , aging induces defective phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages and increases lung damage.
these findings indicate that therapies that enhance the function of alveolar macrophages may improve outcomes in older people infected with respiratory viruses.
we did a systematic review with the aim of describing seroprevalence and susceptibility in the general population or special groups in the eu and eea.
we searched databases and public health national institutes websites for hav seroprevalence records published between @date@ , and @date@ , with no language restrictions.
an updated search was done on @date@ .
we included @number@ studies from @number@ of @number@ eu and eea countries.
for the period 2000-14 , @number@ countries had a very low seroprevalence profile , compared with five in 1975-89.
the susceptibility among adults ranged between low and very high and had a geographical gradient , with three countries in the low susceptibility category.
since @number@ eu and eea countries have shown decreasing seropositivity ; however , considerable regional variability exists.
a large proportion of eu and eea residents are now susceptible to hav infection.
background : the risk of unexplained fetal death or stillbirth increases late in pregnancy , suggesting that placental aging is an etiological factor.
aging is associated with oxidative damage to dna , rna , and lipids.
objective : we sought to determine whether placentas from late-term pregnancies and unexplained stillbirth show oxidative damage and other biochemical signs of aging.
we also aimed to develop an in vitro term placental explant culture model to test the aging pathways.
study design : we collected placentas from women at 37-39 weeks ' gestation ( early-term and term ) , late-term , and with unexplained stillbirth.
the expression of aldehyde oxidase @number@ was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
using a placental explant culture model , we tested the hypothesis that aldehyde oxidase @number@ mediates oxidative damage to lipids in the placenta.
stillbirth-associated placentas showed similar changes in oxidation of dna / rna and lipid , lysosomal location , and autophagosome size to placentas from late-term.
the placenta is a tractable model of aging in human tissue.
bcl-x background : depression prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies , which probably reflects methodological rather than true differences.
depression prevalence in sub-samples by dementia status , living place , and socio-demographics were compared.
depression prevalence was lower in the dementia-free sample as compared to the total population.
limitations : the response rate was @percent@ and this may have resulted in an underestimation of depression.
conclusion : depression prevalence was similar across all depression definitions except for icd-10 , showing much lower figures.
however , independent of the definition used , depression prevalence varies greatly by dementia status , physical functioning , and marital status.
these findings may be useful for clinicians when assessing depression in older adults and for researchers when exploring and comparing depression prevalence across studies.
mitochondria form dynamic networks which adapt to the environmental requirements of the cell.
we investigated the aging process of these networks in human skin cells in vivo by multiphoton microscopy.
furthermore , we investigated the mitochondrial network during differentiation processes of keratinocytes within the epidermis of volunteers.
we observe a fragmentation similar to the age-dependent study in almost all parameters.
these parallels raise questions about the dynamics of biophysical network structures during aging processes.
circular rnas ( circrnas ) are a unique class of endogenous rnas which could be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of many diseases.
the correlation between circrnas expression and clinical characteristics was analyzed in additional @number@ samples.
chip-based analysis revealed @number@ up-regulated and @number@ down-regulated circrnas in aa samples ( fold change > @number@ ) .
specifically , circrna 103829 , circrna 103827 and circrna 104816 were validated to be up-regulated , while circrna 101889 was down-regulated in aa samples.
bioinformatics analysis revealed that both circrnas were potentially involved in glucose metabolism , mitotic cell cycle , and ovarian steroidogenesis.
recent studies have pointed out dysfunction and histopathological changes of the choroid plexuses ( cps ) with aging.
this paper reviews apparent diffusion coefficient ( adc ) values of the cps for age-related changes.
all the brain mr images of the patients between @date@ and @date@ in our radiology department were retrospectively investigated.
patients with major cranial abnormalities ( brain tumors , hyperacute or acute ischemia , developmental anomalies , hemorrhage , hydrocephaly ) were excluded.
here we discuss the current state of biomarker discovery for platforms relevant to pdbp.
we discuss the role of the pdbp in pd biomarker identification and present guidelines to facilitate their development.
the perioral region is unique and important in the face , both from a functional and an aesthetic point of view.
these ageing phenomena can usually be treated more effectively with several extraoral treatment modalities that also enhance perioral aesthetics.
the perioral cosmetic treatment options can be divided into various lifting procedures and volumising techniques.
background : laryngeal electromyography ( lemg ) is accepted as safe , with minimal side effects.
however , patient hemodynamic stability , during these procedures , has not been reported.
this study aimed to investigate the hemodynamics in patients undergoing lemg and determine the risk factors for hemodynamic changes.
methods : we recruited @number@ consecutive patients who underwent lemg.
baseline and postprocedural changes in vital signs were analyzed.
systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) and oxygen saturation were unchanged after the procedure.
however , about @percent@ of patients experienced profound changes in vital signs of > 20% above baseline during lemg.
the hemodynamic changes did not differ between sexes or between surgical and non-surgical etiologies of vocal fold paralysis.
two patients experienced profound but reversible near-syncope during the procedure.
conclusions : lemg is a safe procedure with few immediate complications , though it may affect the patient's hemodynamic status by increasing dbp and pr.
the hemodynamic monitoring is recommended so that timely intervention can be applied in case any warning sign occurs.
probiotic biotherapies are known to create a healthy gut environment by balancing bacterial populations and promoting their favorable metabolic action.
the microbiota and its respective metabolites communicate to the host through a series of biochemical and functional links thereby affecting host homeostasis and health.
different treatment modalities are used for the treatment and esthetic improvement of aging hands.
thirteen female patients with solar lentigines on the back of the hands were enrolled.
participants received three treatments : combined rf and intense pulsed light ( ipl ) on one hand and ipl treatment alone on the other.
this study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of combining rf and optical energies for the esthetic improvement of aging hands.
combined rf and ipl treatment was more efficient than ipl alone in improving skin pigmentation , skin laxity , and texture.
in response to myocardial infarction ( mi ) , time-dependent leukocyte infiltration is critical to program the acute inflammatory response.
post-mi leukocyte density , residence time in the infarcted area , and exit from the infarcted injury predict resolving or nonresolving inflammation.
overactive or unresolved inflammation is the primary determinant in heart failure pathology post-mi.
here , our review describes supporting evidence that the acute inflammatory response also guides the generation of healing and regenerative mediators after cardiac damage.
time-dependent leukocyte density and diversity and the magnitude of myocardial injury is responsible for the resolving and nonresolving pathway in myocardial healing.
pharmacologic agents are critical modifiers of leukocyte diversity in healing mechanisms that may impair or stimulate the clearance mechanism.
future research is needed , with a focused approach to understand the molecular targets , cellular effectors , and receptors.
at least @percent@ of those diagnosed with als or ftd are known to carry an autosomal dominant genetic mutation.
there is no consensus on what constitutes a positive family history , and ascertainment is unreliable for many reasons.
it is incumbent on the practitioner to ensure that they are adequately informed , counselled and supported in this decision.
monoamine oxidase b ( mao-b ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other neurodegenerative disorders.
increased mao-b expression in astroglia has been observed adjacent to amyloid plaques in ad patient brains.
this phenomenon is hypothesized to lead to increased production of hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , thereby contributing to ad pathology.
therefore , reduction of ros-induced oxidative stress via inhibition of mao-b activity may delay the progression of the disease.
sembragiline showed potent and long-lasting mao-b-selective inhibition and did not inhibit mao-a at doses where full inhibition of mao-b was observed.
such selectivity should translate into a favorable clinical safety profile.
taken together , these findings warrant further investigation of the potential therapeutic benefit of mao-b inhibitors in patients with ad and other neurologic disorders.
worldwide , older adults account for approximately half of all cancer cases , and this proportion is projected to increase globally.
unfortunately , this category of aviation holds a lackluster safety record , accounting for @percent@ of civil aviation fatalities.
in @number@ of @number@ general aviation accidents , @percent@ were fatal compared with @number@ of @number@ airline mishaps in the united states.
herein , research findings over the past @number@ yr will be reviewed.
accident risk factors ( e.g. , adverse weather , geographical region , post-impact fire , gender differences ) will be discussed.
the benefits and drawbacks of new technology and human factor considerations associated with increased general aviation automation will be debated.
data on the safety of the aging general aviation population and increased drug usage will also be described.
a review of general aviation safety ( 1984-2017 ) .
aerosp med hum perform.
@number@ 88 ( @number@ ) : 657-664.
the most relevant ones were chosen as references for the current review article.
conclusion : this review article outlines the current status of the most relevant cardiac biomarkers related to ahf.
much of the extant cortisol awakening response ( car ) literature posits that car is an anticipatory response to perceived demands later that same day.
these results show that morning cortisol intercepts and slopes may be associated with previous days ' affect variability and levels of bedtime cortisol.
the ts65dn is a popular mouse model of down syndrome ( ds ) .
it displays ds-relevant features of learning / memory deficits and age-related loss of functional markers in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.
here we describe protein expression abnormalities in brain regions of 12-month-old male ts65dn mice.
among brain regions , the number of abnormalities in cerebellum decreased while the number in cortex greatly increased with age.
the ts65dn is being used in preclinical evaluations of drugs for cognition in ds.
most commonly , drug evaluations are tested in ∼4- to 6-month-old mice.
adaptogens are stress-response modifiers that increase an organism's nonspecific resistance to stress by increasing its ability to adapt and survive.
molecular targets , signaling pathways , and networks common to adaptogens have been identified.
they are associated with stress hormones and key mediators of the regulation of homeostasis.
in this context , the mechanisms of action of adaptogens are specifically related to stress-protective activity and increased adaptability of the organism.
current and potential uses of adaptogens are mainly related to stress-induced fatigue and cognitive function , mental illness , and behavioral disorders.
their prophylactic use by healthy subjects to ameliorate stress and prevent age-related diseases appears to be justified.
men with cv risk factors showed positive association of cmr t1 indices of myocardial fibrosis with age.
few studies have detailed the associations between the g8 screening tool , ecog-ps , and overall survival ( os ) in such patients.
we retrospectively analyzed the association between g8 score and os in all patients and for each ecog-ps-categorized group.
results : out of @number@ enrolled patients , most patients ( @percent@ ) with solid tumor were categorized as tnm stage iv.
ecog-ps was @number@ or @number@ in @number@ patients and ≥2 in @number@ there was missing data for one patient.
in the multivariate analysis , tnm stage and g8 score were independent prognostic factors for os.
conclusion : this novel classification of the g8 score contributes to prompt identification of patients with poor prognosis and improved the prognostic value of ecog-ps.
using g8 with ecog-ps may be helpful in deciding treatment for elderly patients with advanced cancer.
here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis , in arrhythmogenesis.
meanwhile , there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts , the activated form of fibroblasts , in arrhythmogenesis.
at the end of this review , we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © @number@ american physiological society.
compr physiol 7 : 1009-1049 , @number@
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : health , aging and body composition study.
measurements : mixed models were used to assess the association between the comt genotype and 6-m walk time , cross-sectionally and longitudinally over @number@ years.
models were assessed unstratified and stratified according to race because allele distributions were different between white and black participants.
stratified results showed a significant relationship in black ( p = @number@ ) but not white ( p = @number@ ) participants.
conclusion : these findings indicate a role of dopaminergic regulation of gait speed in community-dwelling older adults and of prefrontal cortex involvement in gait performance.
participants wore an accelerometer-based physical activity monitor at their waist , and oxygen consumption was measured.
afterward , participants wore the activity monitor for seven consecutive days.
linear equations for each individual were derived from the activity counts and energy expenditure measured during the walking protocol.
conclusions : these results suggest utilization of absolute cutpoints may underestimate daily relative intensity levels of physical activity in older adults with t2dm.
this misclassification may improperly inform dose-response relationships and population-based prevalence of physical activity in these and may extend to other clinically important populations.
mechanistic target of rapamycin controls cell growth , metabolism , and aging in response to nutrients , cellular energy stage , and growth factors.
in cancers including breast cancer , mechanistic target of rapamycin is frequently upregulated.
in this review , we summarize the fundamental role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway in driving breast tumors.
further development of predictive biomarkers will be useful in the selection of patients who will benefit from inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway.
objectives : research estimates that a significant percentage of individuals with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) experience functional difficulties.
the present study investigated whether baseline and longitudinal changes in speed and accuracy of iadl performance differed between persons with mci and cognitively normal peers.
design : linear mixed models were used to estimate the group differences in longitudinal performance on measures of iadls.
setting : assessments were conducted at university and medical research centers.
conclusion : both speed and accuracy of performance on measures of iadl are valuable indices for early detection of functional change in mci.
the performance pattern may reflect a trade-off between speed and accuracy that can guide clinical recommendations for maintaining patient independence.
objectives : perceived discrimination has been associated with poor physical and psychological health.
there is limited research examining perceived discrimination in older adults , and its effects on health in later life.
method : the present study uses a national sample of @number@ community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ years and older from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
perceived discrimination was assessed at baseline by asking participants about the frequency with which they experienced @number@ everyday discriminatory situations.
multiple regression analyses were performed , adjusting for sociodemographic and health status variables.
results : at baseline , @percent@ of participants reported being discriminated against at least a few times a year.
discrimination was not associated with poorer verbal fluency ( b = @number@ @percent@ ci [ @number@ @number@ ] ) at follow-up.
conclusions : the experience of discrimination is common among older adults and is associated with poorer physical and cognitive functioning.
addressing issues around discrimination in older adults may contribute to maintaining functioning in later life.
( psycinfo database record skeletal overgrowth is a characteristic of several genetic disorders that are linked to specific molecular signaling cascades.
in conclusion , a specific class of mutations in pdgfrb causes a clinically recognizable syndromic form of skeletal overgrowth.
objective : resting heart rate ( rhr ) possibly has a hereditary component and is associated with longevity.
rhr was assessed by palpating radial pulse.
conclusions : rhr is a trait with a genetic influence in middle-aged and elderly twins free of cardiovascular disease.
rhr is independently associated with longevity even when familial factors are controlled for in a twin design.
low dopamine levels and death of the dopaminergic neurons are hallmarks of parkinson's disease ( pd ) , where α-synuclein is also a key player.
th is highly regulated , notably by phosphorylation of several ser / thr residues in the n-terminal tail.
however , the functional role of th phosphorylation at the ser-31 site ( thser ( p ) -31 ) remains unclear.
here , we report that thser ( p ) -31 co-distributes with the golgi complex and synaptic-like vesicles in rat and human dopaminergic cells.
we also found that the th microsomal fraction content decreases after inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase @number@ ( cdk5 ) and erk1 / 2.
microtubule disruption or co-transfection with α-synuclein a53t , a pd-associated mutation , caused th1-s31e accumulation in the cell soma.
our results indicate that ser-31 phosphorylation may regulate th subcellular localization by enabling its transport along microtubules , notably toward the projection terminals.
the functional independence measure ( fim ) is used by rehabilitation professionals to access disability.
the geriatric trauma patient is becoming an increasingly important cohort for trauma services.
fim has been shown to predict discharge outcomes and those at high risk for falls.
we hypothesized pretrauma fim scores may predict survival in the geriatric trauma population.
this was a retrospective study of patients @number@ years and older that were admitted to our level i trauma center from @date@ to @date@ .
a total @number@ patients underwent stepwise regression to identify those factors predicting survival.
age , injury severity score , revised trauma score , body mass index , and pretrauma fim scores ( 12-point scale ) were studied.
the primary outcome was survival.
statistical significance reached at p value < 0.05.
multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed.
a total of @number@ patients were identified and complete data were available on @number@ patients.
overall mortality was @number@ per cent.
glasgow coma scale , revised trauma score , gender , and pretrauma fim expression scores were predictive of survival in the geriatric trauma patient.
pretrauma fim expression can be used to predict survival in the elderly trauma victim.
further study is needed to establish the role of fim as part of trauma scoring systems.
demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted and stratified into etc and tc groups for comparison.
primary outcomes were overall postinjury complication and mortality rates , as well as death after major complication ( failure to rescue ) .
need for operative intervention , mechanism of injury , and comorbidities were similar between the two groups.
improved outcomes were demonstrated in the level i center treating a higher proportion of elderly patients.
exact etiology of these benefits should be determined for quality improvement in care of the injured geriatric patient.
outpatient anticoagulation in the geriatric trauma patient is a challenging clinical problem.
the aim of this study is to determine clinical outcomes associated with class of preinjury anticoagulants ( pa ) used by this population.
this is a multicenter retrospective cohort study among four level ii trauma centers.
a total of @number@ patients were evaluated ; @number@ patients were on anticoagulation and @number@ patients were not.
patients on pa were compared with those who were not.
drug classes were divided into thromboxane a2 inhibitors , vitamin k factor-dependent inhibitors , antithrombin iii activation , platelet p2y12 inhibitors , and thrombin inhibitors.
multivariate regression was used to adjust for age , gender , race , mechanism of injury , and injury severity score.
p2y12 inhibitors were also more likely associated with traumatic brain injury aor @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
all classes of pa were associated with solid organ injury.
there were no significant differences in the use of antiplatelet agents between patients with major indications for pa and those without major indications.
attention should be paid to patients on platelet p2y12 inhibitors , vitamin k inhibitors , and thromboxane a2 inhibitor agents combined with platelet p2y12 inhibitors.
opportunities exist to address the use of antiplatelet agents among patients without major indications to improve patient outcomes.
background : the home and community care sector is one of the fastest growing sectors globally and most prominently in mature industrialized countries.
personal support workers ( psws ) are the largest occupational group in the sector.
this paper focuses on the emotional health of psws working in the home and community care sector in ontario , canada.
methods : data come from our @number@ survey of @number@ psws.
dependent variables are life and work stress.
descriptive statistics , correlations and ordinary least square regression analyses with collinearity tests are conducted.
results : organizational practices of employing psws in full-time or guaranteed hours are not associated with their life and work stress.
however , those who perceive support from their organizations are also the ones reporting lower life and work stress.
in addition , those psws perceiving support from their supervisor report lower work stress.
background : lifestyle factors associated with hypertension ( ht ) in south asian populations are relatively unknown.
participants with previously diagnosed heart disease , diabetes , hypertension or other chronic illnesses were excluded from this study.
dietary and other lifestyle factors were studied using validated self-administered questionnaires.
body mass index ( bmi ) cut-off values for asians were used to categorize the subjects according to weight status.
the association of individual dietary and lifestyle patterns with ht was assessed by fitting into binary logistic regression models.
the prevalence rate of undiagnosed ht was @percent@.
both sbp and dbp showed significant positive correlations with age , weight , bmi and waist circumference.
obese males were @percent@ [ odds ratio : @number@ ( @number@.4-2.7 ) ] more likely to be hypertensive compared to normal weight males.
conclusions : undiagnosed ht is prevalent at an alarming rate among adult males in the central province of sri lanka.
those remaining life expectancies change over time and differ from place to place.
we compare the probabilistic distributions of the conventional and prospective measures using examples from china , germany , iran , and the united states.
the changes over time and the variability of the prospective indicators are smaller than those that are observed in the conventional ones.
a wide variety of new results emerge from the combination of methodologies.
we illustrate the rationale and evaluate the performance of the proposed model through two gwas.
in this study , extracts generated from five brown algae ( many factors contribute to palatability.
further , the results of attribution-dissections in e1 indicated that @number@ factors ( rewarding and informational ) contributed to the palatability.
finally , our results indicated that the palatability of sake was influenced by the dish eaten just before drinking.
neuroinflammation caused by local deposits of aβ background : limited data are available regarding fit and healthy patients with pneumonia at different ages.
we evaluated the association of age with clinical presentation , serotype and outcomes among healthy and well-functioning patients hospitalized for bacteremic pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia.
methods : we performed a prospective cohort study of consecutive healthy and well-functioning patients hospitalized for this type of pneumonia.
patients were stratified into younger ( @number@ to @number@ years ) and older ( ≥65 years ) groups.
results : during the study period , @number@ consecutive patients were hospitalized with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
we included @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients who were healthy and well-functioning patients , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as older.
these results suggest that the aging process is a determinant of mortality , beyond the functional status of patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
in elderly populations , frailty is associated with higher mortality risk.
although many frailty scores ( fs ) have been proposed , no single score is considered the gold standard.
we aimed to evaluate the agreement between a wide range of fs in the english longitudinal study of ageing ( elsa ) .
through a literature search , we identified @number@ fs that could be calculated in elsa wave @number@ ( 2004-2005 ) .
missing data were imputed.
data from @number@ participants ( ages ≥60 years ) were analyzed ( @percent@ men , @percent@ women ) .
fs showed widely differing degrees of agreement with the mean of all scores and between each pair of scores.
frailty classification also showed a very wide range of agreement ( cohen's κ = @number@ @date@ ) .
agreement was highest among \ "accumulation of deficits \ "-type fs , while accuracy was highest for multidimensional fs.
there is marked heterogeneity in the degree to which various fs estimate frailty and in the identification of particular individuals as frail.
different fs are based on different concepts of frailty , and most pairs cannot be assumed to be interchangeable.
research results based on different fs cannot be compared or pooled.
in adults , eeg after sd is usually performed in the morning after sd.
we included only tle patients in which both recordings showed ied.
sd-eeg consisted of waking up patients at @time@ and performing video eeg at @time@ .
si increase was selectively associated with cap phases.
thus , higher instability of morning recovery sleep may account at least in part for the increased ied yield in sd-eeg in tle patients.
objectives : falls are a significant problem associated with aging , and can lead to serious consequences including injury and death.
the purpose of this study was to determine whether balance confidence differed between future fallers and non-fallers , and whether the construct prospectively predicted falls.
the regression model was significant , where the abc score predicted falls at @number@ months.
conclusion : balance confidence is a fall risk predictor , and thus a critical component of fall risk assessment.
balance confidence should be measured regularly in community dwelling older adults using the abc.
results : a total of @number@ patients were enrolled , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) of these had at least one follow-up visit.
median observation time was @number@ months ( iqr @date@ @number@ ) .
two hundred and two patients ( @percent@ ) were art experienced and @number@ ( @percent@ ) art naive.
prevalence of hcv-co-infection was @percent@.
patients with chronic hcv infection were at higher risk to develop abnormal liver tests.
it has been proposed that aging results from the lifelong accumulation of intracellular damage via reactions with reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
metallothioneins are conserved cysteine-rich proteins that function as efficient ros scavengers and may affect longevity.
the transcription factor atf-7 was identified in both ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis and candidate gene screens.
pmk-1 and members of the insulin signaling pathway , pdk-1 and akt- @date@ , were also identified as mtl-1 regulators.
genetic and previous results support a model for the regulation of cadmium-inducible mtl-1 transcription based on the derepression of the constitutively active transcription factor elt-2.
the insulin signaling pathway is known to influence the aging process ; however , various factors responsible for affecting the aging phenotype are unknown.
study design : a retrospective radiographic study.
summary of background data : lumbar instability is one of the common degenerative changes , which presents as @number@ radiologic features : anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis.
compared with the extensive studies on anterolisthesis , limit data are available on the characteristics and clinical relevance of lumbar retrolisthesis.
another @number@ healthy age-matched adults ( group @number@ ) were also included to serve as the control group.
in addition , disk degeneration was quantitatively evaluated by pfirrmann score on t2-weighted magnetic resonance images in patients with retrolisthesis.
in addition , the average pfirrmann disk score was @number@ at levels with retrolisthesis indicating that the disks were not severely degenerated.
conclusions : lumbar retrolisthesis , together with thoracolumbar kyphosis , appears to be associated with mechanisms associated with regulation of sagittal balance.
low pi and disk instability due to degeneration may contribute to the development and progression of retrolisthesis.
background : declining platelet counts may reveal platelet activation and aggregation in a postoperative prothrombotic state.
therefore , we hypothesized that nadir platelet counts after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) surgery are associated with stroke.
methods : we evaluated @number@ adult cabg surgery patients.
postoperative platelet counts were evaluated as continuous and categorical ( mild versus moderate to severe ) predictors of stroke.
conclusions : our findings suggest an independent association between moderate to severe postoperative thrombocytopenia and postoperative stroke , and timing of stroke after cabg surgery.
background dutasteride has been successfully used in treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) .
all men were followed up for 36-42 months.
no worsening of ed , glucose , hba1c , alt , ast , ams were observed in men treated with tamsulosin.
most importantly , long-term dutasteride therapy resulted in reduction in total t levels , contributing to a state of hypogonadism.
we strongly recommend that physicians discuss with their patients these potential serious adverse effects of long-term dutasteride therapy prior to instituting this form of treatment.
fragile x syndrome ( fxs ) is the most common monogenic form of autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) .
research considering the relationship between dietary mg and osteoporosis as well as fractures are sparse and conflicting.
overall , @number@ participants ( @number@ men ; @number@ women ) with a mean age of 60·6 ( sd 9·1 ) years were included.
during follow-up , @number@ individuals ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) developed a new fracture.
women meeting the recommended mg intake were at a @number@ % decreased risk for future fractures.
those women meeting the recommended mg intake appear to be at a lower risk for fractures.
methods : the study included @number@ consecutive patients who underwent effective ra between @date@ and @date@ .
patients were followed-up for @number@ days for mace and macce.
results : the mean age of the enrolled patients was @number@ years , and @percent@ were males.
the mean follow-up period lasted @number@ ± @number@ days.
periprocedural complications occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
in the follow-up of up to @number@ days , @percent@ of patients were free of macce and @percent@ were free of mace.
in multivariate cox regression analysis , both high-risk category and mean stent ( s ) length were identified as independent predictors of macce.
euroscore ii was confirmed to be the only independent predictor of mace after ra.
conclusions : rotational atherectomy is a safe and sufficient technique for the endovascular treatment of heavily calcified coronary artery lesions.
the mechanisms underlying ryanodine receptor ( ryr ) dysfunction associated with alzheimer disease ( ad ) are still not well understood.
telomeres shorten with age , and shorter leukocyte telomere length ( tl ) has been associated with overall mortality in numerous studies.
results from pooled analyses of all cohorts were consistent with heals and best.
this is the first study demonstrating an association between short tl and increased mortality in a population of non-european ancestry.
energy-dense , yet nutritionally poor food is a high-risk factor for mental health disorders.
indeed , there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms linking unhealthy diet and mental disorders.
deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) is a hallmark of poor nutrition and mood disorders.
here , we developed a mouse model of n-3 pufa deficiency lasting from adolescence into adulthood.
importantly , we discovered that endocannabinoid / mglu background and purpose : ultrasound markers of carotid atherosclerosis may be related to cognitive status.
we hypothesized that individuals with greater carotid intima-media thickness ( cimt ) and carotid plaque burden would exhibit worse cognition.
methods : one thousand one hundred sixty-six stroke-free participants from the nomas ( northern manhattan study ) underwent carotid ultrasound and neuropsychological examination.
interventions targeting early stages of atherosclerosis may modify cognitive aging.
short telomeres are associated with atherosclerosis.
however , the temporal relationship between atherosclerosis and telomere length is unclear.
the objective of this work was to examine the temporal formation and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in relation to telomere dynamics.
methods : a prospective observational case series.
one-hundred-thirty-four normal subjects ( @number@ eyes ) were included.
the alccs were determined manually via sd-oct.
the nalcc was significantly thicker than the calcc ( p < @number@ ) and talcc ( p < @number@ ) .
moreover , calcc was significantly thinner than talcc ( p = @number@ ) .
pd , gender and ssi were not significantly correlated with the three alcc parameters.
background : while there have been efforts to develop frameworks to guide healthcare priority setting ; there has been limited focus on evaluation frameworks.
this framework provides both parameters for successful priority setting and proposes means of their verification.
before its use in real life contexts , this paper presents results from a validation process of the framework.
they were requested to indicate the relative importance of the proposed parameters as well as the feasibility of obtaining the related information.
we also pilot tested the proposed means of verification.
results : almost all the respondents evaluated all the parameters , including the contextual factors , as ' very important'.
all the proposed means of verification were assessed as feasible with the exception of meeting observations which would require an insider.
these findings results were consistent with those obtained from the pilot testing.
conclusions : these findings are relevant to policy makers and researchers involved in priority setting in low and middle income countries.
the parameters that were disputed at the global level necessitate further discussion when using the framework at that level.
the next step is to use the validated framework in evaluating actual priority setting at the different levels.
indeed , impaired brain plasticity may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlies both cognitive decline and major depression.
however , most evidence for dysfunctional neural plasticity in depression has been indirect.
two estrogen receptors-α and β-have been cloned and found in various tissue types.
epidermal thinning , declining dermal collagen content , diminished skin moisture , decreased laxity , and impaired wound healing have been reported in postmenopausal women.
experimental and clinical studies in postmenopausal conditions indicate that estrogen deprivation is associated with dryness , atrophy , fine wrinkling , and poor wound healing.
the isoflavone genistein binds to estrogen receptor β and has been reported to improve skin changes.
this review article will focus on the effects of genistein on skin health.
at the same time , for some participants , a questionnaire survey and a measurement of the indoor temperature of individual houses were conducted.
furthermore , people living in colder houses had worse physical performance.
the findings indicate that keeping the house warm in the winter can help to maintain physical performance.
this review points to the neutrophil , and the endothelium as important players in understanding age-associated changes in responsiveness to infectious challenge of the lung.
background / aims : mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) play an important role in regulating angiogenesis and immune balance.
abnormal proliferation and function of mscs were reported at maternal fetal interface in patients with pre-eclampsia ( pe ) .
micro-rna-495 was known to be upregulated in the mscs derived from patients with pe.
however , it is not clear whether the up-regulated mir-495 is related to the pathogenesis of pe.
overexpressing mir-495 arrested cell cycle in s phase and promoted cell apoptosis.
furthermore , we analyzed the senescence related β-galactosidase activity and cd146 and found that mir-495 induced the senescence of mscs.
molecular mechanism studies confirmed that bmi-1 mediated these effects of mir-495 on mscs.
conclusion : taken together , our data demonstrated that mir-495 induced senescence of mscs may be involved in the pathogenesis of pe.
objective : caregivers usually are not involved while planning the stroke survivor's medical and rehabilitation goals and interventions.
this review aimed to identify the needs of stroke survivors as perceived by their caregivers.
design : a literature search from @number@ to @number@ was conducted using medline , cinahl , psychinfo , and google scholar.
sixty-six studies were included.
most studies excluded did not encompass caregivers ' perspectives.
four reviewers screened the titles , abstracts , and full texts of the articles for inclusion.
the data extracted from these studies were synthetized into metathemes.
results : fifty-two qualitative , ten quantitative survey , and four mixed-methods studies were included in the final synthesis.
the studies came from @number@ countries.
conclusions : this scoping review identified a range of needs of stroke survivors as perceived by their caregivers.
incorporating the caregiver's preferences and values into clinical decisions may improve outcomes among stroke survivors.
linkage disequilibrium score regression of @number@ cell types implicated the regulation of myeloid gene expression in ad risk.
spi1 encodes pu.1 , a transcription factor critical for myeloid cell development and function.
ad heritability was enriched within the pu.1 cistrome , implicating a myeloid pu.1 target gene network in ad.
finally , experimentally altered pu.1 levels affected the expression of mouse orthologs of many ad risk genes and the phagocytic activity of mouse microglial cells.
our results suggest that lower spi1 expression reduces ad risk by regulating myeloid gene expression and cell function.
mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo frequent fusion and fission.
optic atrophy @number@ ( opa1 ) is an essential gtpase protein for both mitochondrial inner membrane ( im ) fusion and cristae morphology.
under mitochondria-stress conditions , membrane-anchored l-opa1 is proteolytically cleaved to form peripheral s-opa1 , leading to the selection of damaged mitochondria for mitophagy.
however , molecular details of the selective mitochondrial fusion are less well understood.
here , we showed that l-opa1 and cardiolipin ( cl ) cooperate in heterotypic mitochondrial im fusion.
gtp-independent membrane tethering through l-opa1 and cl primes the subsequent gtp-hydrolysis-dependent fusion , which can be modulated by the presence of s-opa1.
these results unveil the most minimal intracellular membrane fusion machinery.
in contrast , independent of cl , a homotypic trans-opa1 interaction mediates membrane tethering , thereby supporting the cristae structure.
thus , multiple opa1 functions are modulated by local cl conditions for regulation of mitochondrial morphology and quality control.
in women , breast cancer is one of the most common diseases and numerous women succumb to it.
the present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism responsible for the sbge-induced apoptosis of mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.
sbge was administered to cells at concentrations between @number@ and @number@ mg / ml , and cell viabilities were identified using an mtt assay.
it was identified that sbge treatment for @number@ h inhibited mcf-7 proliferation and increased the sub-g1 phase ratio.
sbge suppressed mitochondrial membrane potentials and sbge-induced apoptotic cell death was identified to be associated with downregulation of bcl-2 , but upregulation of bax.
sbge-activated caspases @number@ and @number@ and increased reactive oxygen species generation.
however , sbge had no effect on the expression levels of fas , fasl or tnf-α.
furthermore , mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun n-terminal kinase inhibitors inhibited sbge-induced cell death.
these results suggested that sbge be considered as an agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
mitochondria are important bioenergetic and signalling hubs critical for myriad cellular functions and homeostasis.
dysfunction in mitochondria is a central theme in aging and diseases.
mitophagy , a process whereby damaged mitochondria are selectively removed by autophagy , plays a key homeostatic role in mitochondrial quality control.
upregulation of mitophagy has shown to mitigate superfluous mitochondrial accumulation and toxicity to safeguard mitochondrial fitness.
hence , mitophagy is a viable target to promote longevity and prevent age-related pathologies.
current challenge in modulating mitophagy for cellular protection involves identification of physiological ways to activate the pathway.
till date , mitochondrial stress and toxins remain the most potent inducers of mitophagy.
polyphenols have recently been demonstrated to protect mitochondrial health by facilitating mitophagy , thus suggesting the exciting prospect of augmenting mitophagy through dietary intake.
finally , we will review the functional connection between polyphenols and mitophagy and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that potentially govern polyphenol-induced mitophagy.
several studies concerning skin aging have analyzed the changes in gene expression , and very few investigations have been performed at the protein level.
moreover , none of these proteomic studies has used a global quantitative labeled proteomic offgel approach that allows a more accurate description of aging phenotype.
we applied such an approach on human primary keratinocytes obtained from sun-nonexposed skin biopsies of young and elderly women.
change of expression of tubulin beta-3 chain was confirmed by western blot on samples originated from several donors.
thus , this study suggested the tubulin beta-3 chain has a promising biomarker in skin aging.
an ability to separate natural ageing processes from processes specific to morbidities is required to understand the heterogeneity of age-related organ dysfunction.
noncoding rnas provide epigenetic regulatory circuits within the kidney , which reciprocally interact with dna methylation processes , histone modification and chromatin.
these interactions have been demonstrated to reflect the biological age and function of renal allografts.
epigenetic factors control gene expression and activity in response to environmental perturbations.
current studies of vascular health , aging , and autophagy emphasize how the endothelium adapts to stress and contributes to disease.
autophagy modulates these critical functions of the endothelium in a dynamic and perpetual response to tissue and intravascular cues.
although sharing some features in anabolism regulation , pkcβ and fto have not been investigated together ; therefore , their relationship has not been established.
it was also found that pkcβ can phosphorylate fto on threonine , and this phosphorylation requires both catalytic and regulatory domains of pkcβ.
moreover , pkcβ inhibition can suppress 3t3-l1 cell differentiation in normal and fto-overexpressing cells but not in fto-silenced or -inhibited cells.
adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural stem cells ( nscs ) for integration into the brain circuitry.
in this review , we describe nscs and their niches during tissue homeostasis and how they undergo age-associated remodeling and dysfunction.
we also discuss some of the functional ramifications in the brain from nsc aging.
finally , we discuss some recent insights from interventions in nsc aging that could eventually translate into therapies for healthy brain aging.
hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) undergo a profound functional decline during normal aging.
a lifelong high-fat diet also did not affect hsc function.
we conclude that lifelong caloric interventions fail to prevent or induce loss of age-associated hsc functioning.
background : electrocardiography ( ecg ) , predictive of adverse outcomes in the general population , has not been studied in cancer survivors.
we evaluated the prevalence of ecg abnormalities and associations with mortality among childhood cancer survivors.
odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ cis were calculated using multivariable logistic regression ; and hazard ratios , using cox proportional hazards regression.
prior therapies included cardiac-directed radiation ( @percent@ ) , anthracycline ( @percent@ ) , and alkylating ( @percent@ ) chemotherapies.
the prevalence of minor ecg abnormalities was similar among survivors and controls ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
major ecg abnormalities were identified in @percent@ of survivors and @percent@ of controls ( p < @number@ ) .
elderly patients with acute pulmonary embolism ( pe ) have higher mortality than non-elderly patients , but receive systemic fibrinolysis less frequently.
we compared patients ⩾65 years old with those < 65 years old.
the primary efficacy outcome was the change in chest ct-measured rv / lv diameter ratio at @number@ hours after procedure initiation.
the primary safety outcome was major bleeding within @number@ hours.
sixty-two patients were ⩾65 years of age and @number@ were < 65 years of age.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted in three community settings in japan from autumn to winter.
participants were older people aged ≥65 years ( n = 118 ) .
lifestyle factors of skin care were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire.
results : the mean age of participants was @number@ years and @percent@ were women.
among participants who did not perceive dry skin , @percent@ showed low stratum corneum hydration.
hospitalization experience and lifestyle factors are associated with skin hydration.
in middle-aged lenses , the absorption at 360nm is mostly provided by uv filters contained in the met fraction.
the fluorescence yield of the met fraction from cataractous lenses also significantly increases.
the obtained data indicate that the aged and cataractous human lenses are more vulnerable to uv-a light than the middle-aged lenses.
while cognitive-motor interference in dual-task activities is well established , it is still unknown how such interference is influenced by concurrent visual challenges.
gait parameters and the number of correct responses were measured.
dual task costs for both walking and cognition were computed.
future work should explore whether dual-task training under visual challenge could reduce cognitive-motor interference and reduce fall risks in older adults.
wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway that participates in multiple aspects of cellular function during development and in adults.
in particular , this pathway has been implicated in cell fate determination , proliferation and cell polarity establishment.
in the brain , it contributes to synapse formation , axonal remodeling , dendrite outgrowth , synaptic activity , neurogenesis and behavioral plasticity.
the expression and distribution of wnt components in different organs vary with age , which may have important implications for preserving tissue homeostasis.
the dysregulation of wnt signaling has been implicated in age-associated diseases , such as cancer and some neurodegenerative conditions.
echinococcus granulosus ( e. granulosus ) is a diverse zoonotic parasite and causes cystic echinococcosis ( ce ) disease in humans and livestock.
therefore , a study was carried out to find prevalence and risk factors of e. granulosus in yaks , tibetan pigs and tibetans.
multivariable logistic regression model was performed to find the variables possibly associated with exposure of e. granulosus infection in yaks , tibetan pigs and tibetan.
the overall prevalence of e. granulosus in yaks was @percent@.
in different regions , the prevalence were ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
in male and female yaks , the prevalence was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
in different ages , the prevalence were ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
while , in different years , the prevalence was @percent@ in @number@ @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@
in different ages , the prevalence were ranged from @number@ to @percent@.
in tibetans contacting animals or not was @percent@ and @percent@ respectively , and breeding dogs or not was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
risk factors ( gender age , contact animal and breed dog ) were not significant ( p > 0.05 ) .
the present results reported the prevalence and associated risk factors of e. granulosus in yaks , tibetan pigs and native tibetans.
these findings could have important epidemiological significance and a direct influence on the remote plateau.
the process of ageing has an impact on the entire human body including the organ systems.
in transplantation , professionals are daily faced with risk assessment of suitable donor offers , whether to accept a liver graft for a specific recipient.
this review focuses first on the impact of ageing on liver morphology and function.
second , we will highlight outcome after transplantation from elderly donors.
finally , we describe further risk factors and donor-recipient selection under the scope of old donor organs and include our institutional experience and policy.
the unique , unphysiological fontan circulation is associated with an impaired functional status of the patients that is suggested to deteriorate over time.
unfortunately , previous studies did not integrate both pulmonary and cardiac determinants of functional status.
in addition , a comparison with the natural decrease in exercise capacity in healthy subjects ( in both children and adults ) is lacking.
eighty-five consecutive fontan patients ≥10 years who performed adequate cardiopulmonary exercise testing ( respiratory exchange ratio > 1.01 ) were included.
mean time since fontan completion was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range @number@ to @number@ years ) .
the aim of this study was to explore personal preferences of potential patients regarding life-prolonging neurosurgical interventions by interviewing ambulatory , autonomous elderly people.
results : fifty-one percent of the consulted persons declined life-prolonging surgical measures.
if surgery was associated with physical disability , @percent@ of the people wished no surgery.
in case of cognitive impairment after surgery , @percent@ were against any surgical intervention.
the majority feared being a burden to relatives ( @percent@ ) and becoming unable to master an independent life ( @percent@ ) .
four-fifths of the interviewed patients ( @percent@ ) were not afraid of death.
these findings need consideration in case of life-threatening neurosurgical emergencies as well as in the surgical treatment of elderly patients in general.
in this review , we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases.
the most important affected pathway is pi3k-akt signalling.
main methods : longevity study disclosing the operation of ( tms ) regulation in rat brain.
immonohistochemical identification of a fibromyxosarcoma in rats.
experiments with human medulloblastoma cell lines.
analysis of the mechanism of action of enhancer substances.
swb was assessed using the who-5 well-being index ( score range : @number@ to @number@ ) .
swb was dichotomized into \ "low \ " ( score ≤ @number@ ) and \ "high \ " ( score > @number@ ) swb.
the association between potential risk factors and swb was assessed by logistic regressions analyses.
population-attributable risks ( pars ) were calculated.
results : low swb was significantly higher in women than in men ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) .
living alone increased the odds of having low swb in women , but not in men.
in both sexes , anxiety had the highest population-attributable risk ( men : @percent@ , women : @percent@ ) .
conclusion : our results call out for an increased focus on mental health interventions among older adults , especially for women living alone.
further research is needed to understand the paradoxical pattern of discrepant subjective well-being versus objective health in age.
life is stressful.
organisms are repeatedly exposed to stressors that disrupt protein homeostasis ( proteostasis ) , resulting in protein misfolding and aggregation.
as mice carrying the hypomorphic gata1 it is estimated that in @number@ brazil will have the sixth largest elderly population in the world.
beyond the economic consequences of this projection , this changing demographic portends significant changes in the social realm.
this results in an age gap between sdoh research and government budget priorities.
intervention : a surgical intervention into the body politic.
outcomes : all four national parties integrated policy recommendations from the intervention into their @number@ election platforms.
three referred to , or consulted with , the intervention during the election.
the intervention coincided with all parties committing to the single largest annual increase in spending on families with children in over a decade.
such interventions must engage with the power dynamics , values , interests and institutional factors that mediate the path by which science shapes government budgets.
background and purpose : motoric cognitive risk ( mcr ) syndrome is a pre-dementia syndrome.
there is little information on the cognitive profile of individuals with mcr syndrome and its overlap with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) syndrome.
this study aimed to examine and compare the cognitive performance of non-demented older community dwellers with and without mcr and mci syndromes.
methods : a total of @number@ non-demented individuals were selected from the gait and alzheimer interactions tracking study , which is a cross-sectional study.
all participants were referred to a memory clinic.
individuals with and without mcr were separated into those with and without mci.
conclusions : motoric cognitive risk syndrome is associated with low global cognitive performance.
association of mcr and mci syndromes is characterized by a worse cognitive performance.
the allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma ( aria ) initiative commenced during a world health organization ( who ) workshop in @number@
aria- disseminated and implemented in over @number@ countries globally- is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine.
an app ( android and ios ) is available in @number@ countries and @number@ languages.
it uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system.
it is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals.
the scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the european innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing.
dna damage is an important contributor to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular disease.
in mice , this mechanism mediated adaptation to food availability after starvation and physical exercise and played an important role in cancer growth.
up-regulation of arterial specification and differentiation are influenced by a number of regulatory pathways.
while it is known that the vegfa-notch cascade plays a central role , the transcriptional hierarchy controlling arterial specification has not been fully delineated.
metformin has a molecular weight of @number@ daltons and therefore readily crosses the placenta.
there is considerable evidence to suggest that this agent is safe during pregnancy.
herein , we discuss the mechanisms of action and potential benefits of metformin.
this deformity is frequently accompanied by multiple , poorly defined upper eyelid folds and blepharoptosis.
to date , autologous fat graft has been the treatment of choice for this group of patients.
mild sunken upper eyelids were corrected during upper blepharoplasty by exposing the central orbital fat sac and transposing it in a flap-like manner.
in more severe cases , a dermofat graft harvested from the intergluteal crease was used.
mild bruising , tenderness , asymmetry , and blepharoptosis were also noted , but no additional treatments were necessary.
conclusions : anatomy of the orbit , prior surgical history , and sunkenness of the upper eyelid were all considered during preoperative planning.
either an orbital fat transposition flap or a dermofat graft was applied , according to the severity of the deformity , with successful results.
resource constrains have increased the importance of understanding rising emergency admissions , which in policy discourse is often explained by population aging.
this downward cohort effect largely offset the consequences of an older and larger population aged over @number@
these findings suggest that stemming the rate of increase in emergency admissions of older people may be feasible , if challenging , despite population ageing.
however , its biological determinants remain largely unknown.
objectives : the authors sought to evaluate whether a genetic predisposition to elevations in plasma lipids is associated with the presence of mac.
the authors provided cross-ethnicity replication in the mesa hispanic-american participants.
results : mac was present in @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) .
neither low- nor high-density lipoprotein cholesterol grs was significantly associated with mac.
the results were robust to several sensitivity analyses that limit both known and unknown forms of genetic pleiotropy.
whether reducing triglyceride levels can lower the incidence of clinically significant mitral valve disease requires further study.
background : the ability of inflammatory markers to predict disability in later life has received growing attention.
however , the current evidence came predominantly from caucasians and the role of genomic ancestry has not been investigated.
design : population-based longitudinal study.
setting : the bambui-epigen ( brazil ) cohort study of aging.
subjects : @number@ males and females aged ≥60 years over 15-year of follow-up.
methods : outcome examined was incident activity of daily living ( adl ) disability assessed annually ( @number@ measures were performed ) .
we used @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) to estimate each individual genomic ancestry proportions.
potential confounding variables included a wide range of socio-demographic variables and health indicators.
statistical analyses were based on competing risk framework.
results : the incidence rate of disability was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
il6 level at the highest quartile showed an independent association with adl disability ( srh = 1.32 ; @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
other inflammatory markers showed no statistically significant associations with the outcome.
neither genomic african nor native american ancestry had an effect modifier on the associations ( p for interaction > 0.05 for all ) .
conclusion : among multi-inflammatory markers , only il6 had the potential to identify people at increased risk of adl disability , independently of ethno-racial background.
objective : food cravings are thought to be the result of conditioning or pairing hunger with consumption of certain foods.
methods : in a 2-year weight loss trial , subjects were randomized to one of four diets that varied in macronutrient content.
the food craving inventory ( fci ) was used to measure cravings at baseline and at @number@ and @number@ months.
food intake was also measured at those time points.
secondarily , the amount of food consumed on food intake assessments from foods on the fci was analyzed.
results : three hundred and sixty-seven subjects with overweight and obesity were included.
there was no association between change from baseline amount of energy consumed per fci item and change in cravings.
these results support the conditioning model of food cravings and provide guidance on how to reduce food cravings.
saccadic eye movements provide an opportunity to study closely interwoven perceptual , motor , and cognitive changes during aging.
here , we investigated age effects on different mechanisms of saccadic plasticity.
we compared age effects in two different adaptation paradigms that tap into low- and high-level adaptation processes.
a total of @number@ senior adults and @number@ young adults participated in our experiments.
in our first experiment , we elicited adaptation by a double-step paradigm , which is designed to trigger primarily low-level , gradual motor adaptation.
age groups showed equivalent adaptation of saccadic gain.
in our second experiment , adaptation was induced by a perceptual task that emphasizes high-level , fast processes.
our findings emphasize the need to differentiate between specific aging processes in order to understand functional decline and stability across the adult life span.
prolonged latency and increased ecd moment of n13m might result from decreased peripheral conduction and increased cortical excitation system associated with aging.
therefore , the initial response component might be an objective parameter for investigating change in lip function with age.
purpose : to investigate choroidal thickness ( ct ) and its associations in children in a school-based study.
a detailed ophthalmic examination was performed , including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging for ct measurement.
results : ct measurements were available for @number@ ( @percent@ ) students ( mean age : @number@.8±3.5 years ; range : 7-21 years ) .
mean subfoveal choroidal thickness ( sfct ) was 282±49μm.
time spent outdoors or indoors was not significantly associated with ct-related parameter in multivariate analysis.
it suggests an increase in choroidal volume up to the age of @number@ years.
in contrast , ct nasal to the fovea in relationship to sfct decreased with older age.
ct was independent of lifestyle-associated parameters.
however , the factors that are associated with frailty are poorly understood.
the methodological quality of each study was assessed using the quality of reporting of observational longitudinal research checklist.
results : twenty-three studies were included.
conclusions : a broad range of sociodemographic , physical , biological , lifestyle , and psychological factors show a longitudinal association with frailty.
these factors should be considered when developing interventions aimed at preventing and / or reducing the burden associated with frailty among community-dwelling older adults.
endothelial cells represent major effectors in inflammation and angiogenesis , processes that drive a multitude of pathological states such as atherosclerosis and cancer.
both inflammation and angiogenesis are interconnected with each other in the sense that many pro-inflammatory proteins possess proangiogenic properties and vice versa.
to elucidate this interplay further , we present a comparative proteome study of inflammatory and angiogenic activated endothelial cells.
huvec were stimulated with interleukin 1-β and vegf , respectively.
cultured primary cells were fractionated into secreted , cytoplasmic and nuclear protein fractions and processed for subsequent lc-ms / ms analysis.
novel potential hub genes relevant for these processes were successfully identified.
suboptimal health status ( shs ) has been linked to cardiovascular risk factors , psychosocial stress , and unhealthy lifestyle.
these factors also contribute to the shortening of telomere length ( tl ) .
suboptimal health status questionnaire-25 ( shsq-25 ) was used in the community-based health survey.
a quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure relative telomere length ( rtl ) .
shorter rtl was found among the shs group compared to the ideal health group ( p < @number@ ) .
notably , shs score was negatively correlated with rtl ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
our study confirms an association between shs and short rtl.
combination of subjective ( shs ) and objective ( rtl ) measures is a novel tool for health aging investigation.
infectious diseases are a global health burden and remain associated with high social and economic impact.
treatment of affected patients largely relies on antimicrobial agents that act by directly targeting microbial replication.
creatine is one of the most popular nutritional ergogenic aids for athletes.
additionally , researchers have identified a number of potentially beneficial clinical uses of creatine supplementation.
infantile amnesia , the inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories , is associated with the rapid forgetting that occurs in childhood.
we propose that infantile amnesia reflects a developmental critical period during which the learning system is learning how to learn and remember.
alsfrs-r scores correlated with measures of motor function.
letter fluency correlated with fbi and cognitive tests.
most patients survived to the 6-month time point after enrollment.
survival of c9 + patients with als and c9 + patients with als-ftd declined over the 12- and 18-month follow-up.
epigenetic clocks provide powerful tools to evaluate nutritional , hormonal , and genetic effects on aging.
background : quality of life has become an important aspect in the measurement of the health of an individual as the population ages.
rhythm-centred music making ( rmm ) has been shown to improve physical , psychological and social health.
methods : a randomised controlled trial with cross over was conducted.
@number@ participants were recruited with @number@ participants in each arm.
in phase @number@ group a underwent the intervention with group b as the control.
in phase @number@ group b underwent the intervention with group a as the control.
the intervention involved @number@ weekly rmm sessions.
results : a total of @number@ participants were analyzed at the end of the study.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
conclusion : participation in rmm did not show any statistically significant difference in the quality of life of the participants.
it is however , an interesting alternative tool to use in the field of integrative medicine.
trial registration : this trial was retrospectively registered.
this trial was registered in the australian new zealand clinical trials registry under trial number actrn12616001281482 on @date@ .
matching was based on preintervention performance with regard to the quality measures.
we evaluated performance over the first @number@ years of hvbp.
( funded by the national institute on aging. ) .
objective : : among all countries , brazil is expected to have the sixth largest elderly population in @number@
dementia syndromes are prominent among aging-related diseases.
regarding knowledge , the students obtained a mean of @number@ out of a scale from @number@ to @number@ points.
in addition , it is still unclear which stages of neural processing are altered by rtms.
a stroop task was performed , and an electroencephalogram ( eeg ) was recorded.
background : injectable daxibotulinumtoxina ( rt002 ) is an investigational botulinum toxin type a in clinical development.
it is formulated with a proprietary peptide and offers the potential of a longer acting neurotoxin therapy.
objective : to compare the safety , efficacy , and duration of response of daxibotulinumtoxina with onabotulinumtoxina and placebo [ www.clinicaltrials.gov nct02303002 ] .
glabellar line severity was evaluated by investigators and subjects at least every @number@ weeks , for at least @number@ weeks.
results : overall , @number@ subjects enrolled.
persons with depressieve and anxiety disorders have increased risk of developing several ageing-related somatic ilnesses.
this association was attributed to dysregulations in physiological stress systems and an unhealthy lifestyle.
this should overcome a potential reduced vaccine protection due to mismatches between tiv and circulating b viruses.
in this study , we systematically reviewed the available literature on health economic evaluations of switching from tiv to qiv.
however , more research seems mandatory.
the lung just like all other organs is affected by age.
the lung matures by the age of @number@ and age-related changes start around middle age , at 40-50 years.
exhaled nitric oxide ( f purpose : pattern onset veps do not always show distinct c1-c2-c3 peaks and troughs.
twenty-four adults aged 20-63 years participated.
amplitudes and latencies were collated.
results : the shape of the pattern onset vep changed gradually with age.
the c1-c2-c3 morphology of the iscev standard pattern onset vep becomes apparent consistently after @number@ years to @number@ check stimulation.
to smaller @number@ checks , peak latencies were earlier and c2 became more obvious.
the onset vep waveform produced by @number@ checks is distinguished by more prominent negative c2 and earlier c1 and c2 latencies.
in addition , we conducted three focus groups and four interviews.
pain intensity was assessed with a visual analog scale before , during and after the stimulation.
future studies , looking at the effect of several / consecutive tens and tdcs sessions should be conducted.
natural products or nutraceuticals have been shown to elicit anti-aging , anti-cancer and other health-enhancing effects.
res is obtained from the skins of grapes and other fruits and berries.
res may extend human lifespan by activating the sirtuins and sirt1 molecules.
however , there is a lot of controversy about the role of gdf-11 and β2-mg in ageing and cognitive regulation.
we measured plasma gdf-11 and β2-mg levels using elisa and immunoturbidimetry , respectively.
the results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the associations between levels of gdf-11 and β2-mg , and ageing and cognitive impairments.
circulating gdf-11 levels did not decline with age or correlate with ageing in healthy chinese males.
increased levels of β2-mg were observed in the dementia group compared with the healthy advanced age group.
background : african americans develop chronic kidney disease and pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) at disproportionately high rates.
objective : to determine and compare gait speed during head-forward and side-to-side head-turn walking in individuals with lower versus greater lateral balance.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : university research laboratory.
head-turn gait speed best predicted btl.
btl was moderately and positively related ( p = .003 ) to the abc scale and negatively related ( p = .017 ) to tug.
the calorie restriction paradigm has provided one of the most widely used and most useful tools for investigating mechanisms of aging and longevity.
by far , rodent models have been employed most often in these endeavors.
over decades of investigation , claims have been made that the paradigm produces the most robust demonstration that aging is malleable.
in the current review of the rodent literature , we present arguments that question the robustness of the paradigm to increase lifespan and healthspan.
consideration of these questions produce many caveats that should guide future investigations to move the field forward.
however , the basic mechanisms underlying exercise-brain connections are not well understood.
human values and social issues shape visions on dwelling and care for older people , a growing number of whom live in residential care facilities.
these facilities ' architectural design is considered to play an important role in realizing care visions.
this role , however , has received little attention in research.
a single qualitative case study design was used to provide in-depth , contextual insights.
the methods include semi-structured interviews with residents and caregivers , and participant observation.
our study challenges the idea of family-like group living.
caregivers associated ' hominess ' with freedom of movement , action and choice , with favorable social dynamics and with the building's residential character.
being perceived as homey , the facility's architectural design matches caregivers ' care vision and , thus , helped them realizing this vision.
malnutrition during old age is a significant public health issue.
prevailing behavioral and structural senior malnutrition interventions have had marginal success , largely failing to reflect the realities of people's daily lives.
four focus groups were conducted with @number@ older adult clients and volunteers at a national lgbt social service and advocacy organization.
although much has been written about caregiving , few studies document the experiences of providing care as narrated by the caregivers.
aim : to explore the everyday experiences of older adults serving as primary informal caregivers to significant others.
methods : a process of narrative inquiry was used via repeated interviews with three older women caregivers providing care to family members or friends.
the data were analyzed using storyboarding techniques and identifying critical turning points , culminating in a poetic transcription of the resulting narrative.
results : these caregivers describe a tension that exists across their experiences and communication with authorities on whom they rely for guidance and collaboration.
this paper presents a critical review of articles drawn from this literature to identify current directions leading the development of empirical research in this field.
these sites are critically analysed in terms of their underpinning rationalities to reveal the operation of a hegemonic post-positivist epistemological framework.
the review attends to the limited body of qualitative research in the field , some of which claims a politicized empiricism of ' voice'.
china's tradition of taking care of one's aging parents continues to evolve , as evidenced by the growth in nursing home residents in shanghai.
however , how these families make the decision to institutionalize remains unclear.
to fill this gap , this study draws on power relations to examine communication dynamics when oldest-old and their adult children decide to institutionalize.
this study used a phenomenological approach.
twelve dyads of matched elderly residents and their children participated in face-to-face , in-depth interviews ( n = 24 ) .
the format and content of intergenerational communication indicated that both conflicts and compromises took place.
adult children achieved greater decision-making power than their frail parents , which evoked older adults ' ambivalent feelings.
a discrepancy in perceived filial piety between generations also emerged.
these dynamics of caregiving decision-making offer insight in understanding evolving filial piety in urban china.
messages describing how best to age are prominent in gerontological theory , research and the media.
continuity theory proposes ageing well is achieved through continuity of activity and stability of relationships and identity over the life course.
continuity seems adaptive , yet prioritising continuity may not match the expectations , desires and realities of older people.
continuity was important for older people in this study , who described a range of practices that supported internal and external continuity.
participants acknowledged both positive and negative changes in roles and obligations as they aged which impacted on continuity of identity.
continuity of identity was linked both to being ' just like always ' and ' just like everyone else'.
particularly , this study aims to bring to the fore the negotiability of health professionals ' perspectivating age ascriptions.
the data are drawn from two swedish television documentaries on health encounters.
three major findings are presented.
loneliness among older people is an issue that engages the general public and various professions and organizations in contemporary swedish society.
one public arena where this engagement is particularly evident is within the swedish news-press , where articles on loneliness among older people are frequently published.
loneliness is commonly perceived as significantly related to ageing and older people.
in addition , the mass media is considered to have a crucial influence in shaping general perceptions of older people.
the empirical material consists of @number@ articles from the swedish news-press from the years 2013-2014.
two dominating discourses was found.
the second discourse , loneliness - within the discourse of volunteer work , is addressed in reportage articles written by journalists.
in this discourse focus was on depicting volunteers and enhancing the importance of volunteer work.
here , loneliness serves as a motive for performing volunteer work.
in addition , the discourse of research reports on older people's health was found , although less significant compared to the two major discourses.
within this discourse ageing is presented as a risk , where loneliness is one of these risk factors.
despite some minor differences , loneliness , within all three discourses , is given the meaning of being a problem that needs to be solved.
the illustrative case example used in this paper emerged from a larger critical ethnographic study of aging in the filipino community in montreal , canada.
background : sexuality is a significant component in human experience and has an important impact on the individual's general well-being.
life course events and the social construction of sexuality lead older widows to reflect upon their sexuality.
purpose : to explore and describe the ways in which older widows construct and perceive their sexuality along the life course.
method : a approach was conducted.
data collection was performed through in-depth , semi-structured interviews with @number@ widows , between the ages of 62-91 , followed by content analysis.
conclusion : sexuality among widows in later life includes continuity and change processes.
in the context of social construction , sexuality is a subject that should be examined in greater depth.
objectives : vitamin d deficiency has been reported to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease.
to measure endothelial dysfunction , adma concentration was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
the association between 25 ( oh ) d status and adma concentration was analyzed by multiple linear regression models.
conclusion : our findings suggest that low serum 25 ( oh ) d level may be associated with endothelial dysfunction in elderly korean people.
falls are a leading cause of morbidity , healthcare use and mortality.
a systematic review of the potential benefits of dance on falls and fear of falling is lacking.
overall , the mean age of the samples was @number@ years , and @percent@ were female.
across four rcts , dance therapy reduced falls versus usual care in only one study.
dance therapy improved fear of falling in two out of three included rcts.
there were no serious adverse events reported in the rcts.
given the heterogeneity of the included samples and interventions , in addition to the short-term follow-up , no firm conclusions can be drawn.
since the compound affects the lifespan of yeast and flies it might be an anti-aging substance.
mechanistically , res is involved in down regulating the inflammatory response.
the pleiotropic effects of res in cells of the immune and endothelial system were examined in this study.
inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules were measured by multiplex analysis and gene expression was quantified by rt-pcr.
thus , in the blood compartment chemokines attracting mainly monocytes were up-regulated by res , while those attracting t lymphocytes or neutrophils were diminished.
this study therefore aimed to shed more light on neural adaptations in response to balance training in older adults.
the total sway path was calculated for all tasks.
additionally , the number of errors was counted for the one-legged tasks.
to investigate changes in spinal reflex excitability , the h-reflex was assessed in the soleus muscle during quiet upright stance.
cortical excitability was assessed during an antero-posterior perturbation by conditioning the h-reflex with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation.
in contrast , no significant effect was found for cortical excitability ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in line with previous results , older adults ' postural stability was improved after balance training.
however , these improvements were not accompanied by significant neural adaptations.
context : low levels of nonandrogenic anabolic hormones have been linked with frailty , but evidence is conflicting and prospective data are largely lacking.
objective : to determine associations between nonandrogenic anabolic hormones and prospective changes in frailty status.
design / setting : a @number@.3-year prospective observational study of community-dwelling men participating in the european male ageing study.
participants : men ( n = @number@ ) aged @number@ to @number@ years from eight european centers.
relationships between igf-1 and fi were attenuated after adjusting for igfbp-3.
pth was unrelated to change in frailty status.
conclusions : these longitudinal data confirm the associations between nonandrogenic anabolic hormones and the changes in frailty status.
interventional studies are needed to establish causality and determine therapeutic implications.
post-translational modifications of histones play a key role in the regulation of gene expression during development and differentiation.
among these genes , we identified the pluripotency gene patz1 , which is repressed during myogenic differentiation through direct binding of myod to promoter elements.
these results point to the importance of integrating histone modifications and myod chromatin binding for coordinated gene activation and repression during myogenic differentiation.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are generated spontaneously in all organisms and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules when present in excess.
accumulated oxidative damage accelerates aging ; enhanced antioxidant capacity may be a positive factor for longevity.
recently , numerous studies of aging and longevity have been performed using short-lived animals , however , longevity mechanisms remain unknown.
we demonstrated that the accumulation of uric acid considerably increases the free radical-scavenging activity and resistance against ultraviolet-induced oxidative stress in laboratory-maintained termites.
in addition , we found that externally administered uric acid aided termite survival under highly oxidative conditions.
uric acid also plays important roles in primates but causes gout when present in excess in humans.
further longevity studies of long-lived organisms may provide important breakthroughs with human health applications.
methods and findings : two-sample mr was undertaken using genome-wide association ( gwa ) study data.
evidence of directional pleiotropy averaged across all variants was sought using mr-egger regression.
frailty simulations were used to assess whether causal associations were affected by mortality selection.
mr-egger regression gave similar results , suggesting that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to be biasing the result ( intercept @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the mechanism underlying this apparent protective effect warrants further study.
the authors used these interviews to identify major themes and discuss implications for population health.
methods : while resting at a temperature of 42°c , relative humidity increased from @percent@ to @percent@ in @percent@ increments every @number@ min.
on randomized days , the protocol was repeated without or with fan use.
hr , core ( tcore ) and mean skin ( tsk ) temperatures were measured continuously.
whole-body sweat loss was measured from changes in nude body weight.
greater local sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance were observed with fan use in aged adults.
other measures of cardiovascular , thermoregulatory , and perceptual responses were unaffected by fan use in both groups.
conclusions : during extreme heat and humidity , fan use elevates physiological strain in aged , but not young , adults.
worldwide violence perpetrated by people identifying as muslim has been a growing fear for people living in the us and elsewhere.
this fear has further increased by the tense rhetoric heard from the recent us presidential campaign and the new presidential administration.
patient-centered care requires health professionals to look past news headlines and unchecked social media so they can deliver high-quality care to all patients.
this article explores areas of importance in the context of advanced illness for practitioners of islam.
objective : to enhance knowledge and understanding of the laryngeal framework maturation in different age groups and genders.
study design : cohort imaging study.
setting : tertiary academic referral center.
methods : computed tomography neck scans of @number@ patients aged @number@ to @number@ years were studied.
results : neck scans of @number@ males and @number@ females were reviewed.
the average ila was @number@.45° ± @number@ and @number@.25° ± @number@ for males and females , respectively ( p < 10-25 ) .
the thyroid prominence was significantly more anteriorly angulated in males.
calcifications were more prominent at the posterior portion of the cartilage in both genders and increased with age.
our study shows that these changes , along with the degree of laryngeal cartilages calcification in both genders , occur as a continuum throughout puberty.
level of evidence : @number@
laryngoscope , 127 : e354-e358 , @number@
background : herpes zoster ( hz ) has a relevant impact on the population in terms of incidence and complications.
the average annual percentage change in hospitalization rates was used to highlight any significant change in time trends.
results : in the period 2001-2013 , @number@ hz-related hospitalizations were registered altogether.
complicated hz was diagnosed in @percent@ of cases ; a relevant part ( @percent@ ) of hospitalizations involved subjects with at least one co-morbidity.
in the three italian \ "pilot \ " regions , a greater decrease of hz-related hospitalization rates occurred in comparison to other regions.
conclusions : the data obtained confirm the epidemiological impact of hz and its complications and the need of a preventive approach.
a total of @number@ subjects , including @number@ patients with tn , were enrolled in this study.
anthropometric , biochemical , thyroid ultrasonographic , and other metabolic parameters were all measured.
there was obviously sexual difference in the prevalence of tn ( males @percent@ , females @percent@ , resp. ) .
methods : sixty-nine volunteers enrolled in this cross-sectional study and were categorised into young ( 20-30 years ) and old ( ≥50 years ) groups.
measurements included iop , ocular biometrics and ahd.
data were analysed using mixed model with random sampling to account for both eyes from the same individual.
spearman's rank correlation with bootstrap resampling was used to find associations between parameters.
uveoscleral outflow slowed ( fu ; @number@.0±0.2 vs @number@.7±0.1 ) but not significantly.
aqueous humour exits the eye preferentially through the trabecular route at all ages.
ageing is also associated with shallowing of the anterior chamber and thinning of the cornea.
a slower fa with lower outflow facility supports existence of autoregulatory mechanisms.
the incidence and severity of herpes zoster ( hz ) increases with age.
the live attenuated zoster vaccine generates immune responses similar to hz.
however , accumulation of senescent cells in tissues during aging contributes to age-related pathologies.
a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the viability of senescent cells is therefore required.
here , we show that the cdk inhibitor p21 ( cdkn1a ) maintains the viability of dna damage-induced senescent cells.
nf-κb activation induced tnf-α secretion and jnk activation to mediate death of senescent cells in a caspase- and jnk-dependent manner.
notably , p21 knockout in mice eliminated liver senescent stellate cells and alleviated liver fibrosis and collagen production.
these findings define a novel pathway that regulates senescent cell viability and fibrosis.
pedicle screws are the implants used most commonly in spinal surgery for fixation , but their efficacy depends directly on bone quality.
study design : a retrospective single-center study.
patient sample : this study included @number@ consecutive patients who underwent spinal fusion using a total of @number@ cement-augmented screws.
there are no financial conflicts of interest to report.
results : a total of @number@ vertebrae were instrumented.
cement leakage was observed in @number@ vertebrae ( @percent@ ) .
all patients responded well to antibiotic therapy.
revision surgery was performed in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , most of whom had long construction.
a total of @number@ screws were removed as a result of revision.
there were no problems with screw extraction.
conclusions : these results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of cement-augmented screws for the treatment of patients with low bone mineral density.
we aimed to study the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of antiplatelet-related ich survivors , and the risk of recurrent ich with antiplatelet resumption.
methods : this was an observational study of @number@ antiplatelet-related ich survivors.
the clinical end points were recurrent ich , ischemic vascular events , and vascular death ( fatal ich or ischemic vascular events ) .
predictors of recurrent ich and vascular death were derived using a multivariable cox regression model.
results : the median duration of follow-up was @number@ years ( interquartile range , @number@.6-5.8 years ) .
ischemic vascular events were more common than recurrent ichs ( @number@ per @number@ patient-years vs. @number@ per @number@ patient-years ; p = @number@ ) .
cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) was an independent predictor for recurrent ich ( hr , @time@ ; @percent@ ci , @number@.80-211.47 ) .
antiplatelet resumption should be considered , especially in survivors with adequate blood pressure control and without caa.
urti episodes were medically confirmed.
symptom severity was recorded via self-reported daily wisconsin upper respiratory tract infection score @number@
blood and saliva samples were collected at days @number@ @number@ and @number@ for measurements of innate immune parameters.
results : forty-nine participants completed the trial in each group.
supplementation was well tolerated.
there was a strong trend for wellmune to decrease the number of symptom days ( p = @number@ ) .
symptom severity did not differ significantly between groups.
this may be linked to effects on innate immune function.
larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits of β-1 , @date@ @number@ glucan on urtis in this older population.
depression and anxiety are highly interrelated , but only very few studies examined the association between 25 ( oh ) d and anxiety.
this study investigated whether 25 ( oh ) d levels are related to anxiety symptoms in older persons , both cross-sectionally and over time.
cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between 25 ( oh ) d and anxiety were examined using logistic regression analysis , taking into account relevant confounding variables.
similarly , 25 ( oh ) d levels were not significantly related to anxiety symptoms after three years in both samples.
dietary supplements are often used by the elderly to improve their nutritional status.
however , intake above the recommended dietary levels may be detrimental , and uncertainty exists on the potential health benefits of supplementation in this population.
the aim of this study was to describe supplement use among icelandic older adults and to assess its association with total mortality and cvd-related mortality.
this study used data from the age gene / environment susceptibility-reykjavik study , which recruited @number@ participants aged 66-98 years in 2002-2006.
intake of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements was estimated from interviews.
hazard ratios ( hr ) for mortality were estimated in multivariate analyses with follow-up ending in @number@
the results showed that most ( @number@ % ) of the participants used supplements.
supplement users followed in general a healthier lifestyle than non-users.
there were @number@ deaths including @number@ cvd-related deaths during the follow-up period.
however , the intake of vitamin b6 and zn from dietary supplements exceeded the recommended daily intake for almost a quarter of the supplement users.
background : recent findings support a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of inflammatory pathways in articular cells.
methods : oligomycin was injected into the rat left knee joint on days @number@ @number@ and @number@ before joint tissues were obtained on day @number@
the right knee joint served as control.
the marker of mitochondrial mass cox-iv was also evaluated.
results : the macroscopic findings showed significantly greater swelling in oligomycin-injected knees than in control knees.
likewise , the histological score of synovial damage was also increased significantly.
immunohistochemical studies showed high expression of il-8 , coinciding with a marked infiltration of polymorphonuclears and cd68 + cells in the synovium.
mitochondrial mass was increased in the synovium of oligomycin-injected joints , as well as cellular and mitochondrial ros production , and 4-hne.
relatedly , expression of the oxidative stress-related transcription factor nrf2 was also increased.
conclusions : mitochondrial failure in the joint is able to reproduce the oxidative and inflammatory status observed in arthritic joints.
methods : the strategic highway research program ( shrp2 ) naturalistic driving study was used for this prospective analysis.
the sample consisted of n = @number@ drivers aged ≥70 years and study participation lasted @number@ or @number@ years for most participants.
distance and near visual acuity , contrast sensitivity , peripheral vision , visual processing speed , and visuospatial skills were assessed at baseline.
crash and near-crash involvement were based on video recordings and vehicle sensors.
naturalistic driving data may ultimately be critical for understanding the relationship between vision and driving safety.
rotifers have been used in biological research as well-characterized models of aging.
their multi-organ characters and their sensitivity for chemicals and environmental changes make them useful as in vivo toxicological and lifespan models.
our aim was to create a bdelloid rotifer model to use in high-throughput viability and non-invasive assays.
to execute the rotifer-based experiments , we developed an oil-covered water-drop methodology adapted from human in vitro fertilization techniques.
this enables toxicological observations of individual one-housed rotifers in a closed and controllable micro-environment for up to several weeks.
a structural model with latent variables was specified and estimated in mplus.
results : the results show the ability of just a few variables to sum up a reasonable model to apply to successful aging population.
all these variables are correlated and significantly predict hope with the exception of health.
the model additionally includes significant positive indirect effects from spirituality , affective support and consciousness on satisfaction.
the model has a good fit in terms of both the measurement and structural model.
conclusions : results support the mediating role of dispositional hope on the life satisfaction among older adults attending lifelong learning programs.
these findings also support the macarthur model of successful aging adapted to older adults with high levels of functional , social and cognitive ability.
dispositional hope , perceived health , and social support were the strongest predictors of satisfaction with life.
extracellular single-unit recordings were conducted in the superior colliculus of anesthetized sprague-dawley adult ( @number@ months ) and aged ( @number@ months ) rats.
the sharpness of the frequency response tuning curve at @number@ db spl above threshold was also significantly broader among the aged rats.
furthermore , in the temporal domain , the minimal silent gap thresholds to gaussian noises were significantly longer in aged rats.
hence , these results highlight that spectral and temporal auditory processing in the superior colliculus are impaired during aging.
a prospective cohort study was conducted.
a self-reported baseline survey was given to @number@ community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 y in japan in @number@ and @number@ ( @percent@ ) responded.
the onset of functional disability and all-cause mortality were followed up for @number@ d ( follow-up rate = @percent@ ) .
absolute differences in life expectancy , healthy life expectancy , and life expectancy with disability according to the number of teeth were also estimated.
age , denture use , socioeconomic status , health status , and health behavior were adjusted.
similar associations were observed among the younger participants and those with @number@ to @number@ or @number@ to @number@ teeth.
in recent years , there has been increasing concern over the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident occurring somewhere in the world.
intelligence agencies frequently report that terrorist groups and rogue nations are seeking to obtain radiological or nuclear weapons of mass destruction.
cellular therapies have the potential to impact recovery and tissue / organ regeneration for both early and late complications of radiation exposure.
this report reviews the data presented , as well as key discussion points from the meeting.
purpose : this study aimed to explore older adults ' perceptions of their daily lives in south korean nursing homes.
design : we employed a qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews.
background : there are few established predictors of the clinical course of pd.
prognostic markers would be useful for clinical care and research.
objective : to identify predictors of long-term motor and cognitive outcomes and rate of progression in pd.
analyses were conducted in @number@ participants with complete demographic , clinical , genetic , and dopamine transporter imaging data.
machine learning dynamic bayesian graphical models were used to identify and simulate predictors and outcomes.
the outcomes rate of cognition changes are assessed by the montreal cognitive assessment scores , and rate of motor changes are assessed by updrs part-iii.
the most consistent predictor of updrs part iii was baseline level of activities of daily living ( part ii ) .
key findings were replicated using long-term data from an independent cohort study.
additional predictors identified may further characterize the expected course of parkinson's disease and suggest mechanisms underlying disease progression.
purpose : abnormal brain perfusion is a critical mechanism in neonatal brain injury.
the correlation between cbf and clinical outcome was explored.
materials and methods : the institutional review board approved this prospective study and waived informed consent.
the perfusion asl data from @number@ consecutive preterm neonates ( pn ) studied at term-equivalent age and @number@ tn were evaluated.
in pn , a positive correlation between cbf and neuromotor outcome was demonstrated in this area.
the control group underwent standard care , and the levosimendan group was administered levosimendan in addition to standard care.
results : all participants , comprising @number@ males ( @percent@ ) and @number@ females ( @percent@ ) , were @number@ ( 67-73 ) years old.
purpose : macular hole ( mh ) is part of a group of age-related degenerative diseases characterized by pathology of vitreomacular interface.
similarly , neovascular age-related macular degeneration ( namd ) affects older patients and is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss.
methods : participants in this case series were four patients with namd , who received anti-vegf injections with variable therapeutic response to treatment.
patients were examined at baseline ( when amd was diagnosed ) and monthly thereafter.
the examination included visual acuity measurement , slit-lamp biomicroscopy , and optical coherence tomography.
the median number of injections before the mh formation was @number@
methods : one hundred patients diagnosed with mci and @number@ control subjects were recruited from the community-dwelling setting in bangkok , thailand.
the genotype and allele distributions of the bche-k were determined by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent dna sequencing.
the bche activity was measured in plasma according to the ellman's method.
results : the bche-k allele frequencies in the thai community-dwelling patients were in accordance with other ethnics.
the bche-k homozygotes were significantly associated with lower bche activity.
background : jasmonates are plant hormones that exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties and have therefore raised interest for human health applications.
the molecular basis of these activities remains poorly understood , although increasing evidence suggests that a variety of mechanisms may be involved.
in parallel , we have examined the ability of jad to promote growth factor activities and improve skin wound healing.
gag composition was determined by disaccharide analysis.
results : jad was found to induce expression of major skin proteoglycans and to induce subtle changes in gag structure.
in parallel , we showed that jad promoted fgf-7 and improved skin healing by accelerating epithelial repair in vivo.
conclusion : this study highlights jad as a promising compound for investigating gag structure-function relationships and for applications in skin cosmetic / corrective strategies.
general significance : we propose here a novel mechanism , by which jasmonate derivatives may elicit biological activities in mammals.
genetics has proven to be a powerful approach in neurodegenerative diseases research , resulting in the identification of numerous causal and risk variants.
here , we present its updated version , named neurochip.
people aging with hiv have medical and psychosocial needs that require more than the hiv services network can provide.
hiv providers may lack experience managing multimorbidity or the functional consequences of aging.
left ventricular assist devices ( lvads ) are an effective therapy for a growing and aging population in the background of limited donor supply.
as lvad engineering technology evolves , so will the risk-prediction scores.
hence , more large-scale prospective data from multicenters will continually be required to aid in patient selection , reduce complications , and improve long-term outcomes.
both the aging process and heart failure ( hf ) syndrome are characterized by a dramatic reduction of aerobic capacity.
significant decreases in muscle mass and strength are also common.
the modest data available suggest similar benefits in older patients and excellent safety.
resistance training may provide additional benefit.
heart failure is a disease of poor prognosis marked by frequent hospitalizations , premature death , and impaired quality of life.
its beneficial effects in the elderly population , however , are not well-defined.
positive inotropic drugs have long been studied for their potential benefits in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction ( hfref ) .
therefore , there is little or no evidence to guide the use of positive inotropes in older patients with hfref.
most elderly patients , particularly women , who have heart failure , have a preserved ejection fraction.
patients with this syndrome have severe symptoms of exercise intolerance , frequent hospitalizations , and increased mortality.
unlike the management of hfref , there is a paucity of large evidence-based trials demonstrating morbidity and mortality benefit for the treatment of hfpef.
an update is presented on information regarding pathophysiology , diagnosis , management , and future directions in this important and growing disorder.
aging is characterized by heterogeneity , both in health and illness.
older adults with heart failure often have preserved ejection fraction and atypical and delayed clinical manifestations.
after diagnosis of heart failure is established , a cause should be sought.
the patient's comorbidities may provide clues.
an elevated jugular venous pressure is the most reliable clinical sign of fluid volume overload and should be carefully evaluated.
left ventricular ejection fraction must be determined to assess prognosis and guide therapy.
the incidence and prevalence of heart failure increase strikingly with age and make heart failure the most common reason for hospitalization among older adults.
although outcomes for older adults with heart failure have improved over time , mortality , hospitalization , and rehospitalization rates remain high.
aims : we aimed at determining the effect of bmi on functional health among older germans longitudinally.
functional health was quantified by the subscale ' physical functioning ' of the 36-item short form health survey ( sf-36 ) .
fixed effects regressions were used to estimate the predictors of functional health.
linear , quadratic , and cubic terms were included for bmi ( self-reported ) .
furthermore , regressions revealed that functional health decreased with increasing age in the total sample and in both sexes.
in addition , changes in marital and employment status were significantly associated with changes in functional health in men , but not in women.
nutrition programs aimed at preventing changes to extreme bmi might be productive.
autoantibody biomarkers were also useful in distinguishing subjects with the relapsing-remitting form of ms from those with the secondary progressive subtype.
in recent years , several genetic pathways and biochemical processes controlling the rate of aging have been identified and proposed as aging hallmarks.
secondly , we review the systemic impacts of aneuploidy in cell physiology and emphasize how these include some of the primary hallmarks of aging.
the study enrolled both opioid-experienced and opioid-naïve patients.
the study consisted of an open-label titration phase followed by a 12-week double-blind maintenance phase.
the dose range was 40-160 mg oxycodone hydrochloride equivalent per day.
this post hoc analysis evaluated the safety , tolerability , and effectiveness of oxycodone deterx among patients ≥65 years of age.
the safety and tolerability of oxycodone deterx were also evaluated.
patients were randomized to either oxycodone deterx or placebo using a blocked randomization scheme in a 1 : 1 ratio.
randomization was stratified by previous opioid use ( naïve or experienced ) .
the study drug was coded in a manner that maintained the blinding.
study personnel and patients remained blinded to the assigned treatments throughout the study.
a clinically meaningful treatment difference of @number@ in pain score between oxycodone deterx and placebo was observed.
patients on oxycodone deterx remained in the study longer than those on placebo.
the safety and tolerability profiles showed no new or unexpected safety concerns.
the adverse event profiles were similar between the titration and double-blind maintenance phases.
conclusions : oxycodone deterx was efficacious and generally well tolerated in patients ≥65 years old.
trial registration : the study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( nct01685684 ) .
purpose : postoperative pancreatic fistula ( popf ) is one of the major complications in patients who undergo distal pancreatectomy ( dp ) .
recently , dividing the pancreas by stapler is a commonly performed technique , however , popf still occurs.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for popf after dp using a triple-row stapler.
the clinical risk factors for popf after dp using a triple-row stapler were identified based on univariate and multivariate analyses.
results : clinical popf ( isgpf grade b and c ) was seen in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
objective : to examine associations between ischemic stroke , vascular risk factors , and mri markers of brain aging.
age-matched controls ( n = @number@ ) completed identical testing.
smaller hippocampal and total brain volumes and increased wmh load represent proxies for underlying vascular brain injury.
background : cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) has been suggested to be more common in asians compared with caucasians.
however , data from population-based studies in asia are lacking.
methods : clinical , cognitive and 3-tesla brain mri assessments were performed among participants of three studies from singapore , hong kong and korea.
svd markers include white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) using the modified fazekas scale , lacunes and microbleeds.
cognition was assessed using the mini mental status examination ( mmse ) and montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) .
adjustments were made for age , sex and cardiovascular risk factors.
results : a total of @number@ subjects were available for analysis ( mean age : @number@.1±6.3 years and @percent@ women ) .
the prevalence of confluent wmh was @percent@ , lacunes , @percent@ and microbleeds , @percent@.
the major risk factors for the increased severity of svd markers were advancing age and hypertension.
moreover , increasing severity of svd markers was independently associated with worse performance on mmse and moca.
conclusion : elderly asians have a high burden of svd which was associated with cognitive dysfunction.
objectives : public investment in community health centres ( chcs ) has been increasing as a response to rapid urbanisation in china.
design : cross-sectional design.
setting : a community recently converted to urban status with a newly constructed chc in southwest china.
participants : a random sample of @number@ adults in the hezuo community in chengdu , china , completed the survey in @number@
outcome measures : trained staff interviewed study participants in their homes using structured questionnaires.
the survey included questions regarding sociodemographics , health status , access to and usage of healthcare , health behaviours and chc use.
descriptive statistics were used to describe residents ' satisfaction with the chc.
results : a total of @percent@ of the respondents reported using the chc during the past year.
chc users reported modest satisfaction across various aspects of the chc.
conclusions : neighbourhood chc in urban areas provides important services to these residents living in a recently urbanised community.
all three categories of factors in the andersen model help explain the likelihood of chc use.
there is much room for improvement in chc to enhance customer satisfaction.
future research is needed to improve access to chcs and promote their use in urbanised populations with low to modest education.
degenerative diseases are characterized by both cell death and inflammation , which involve different pathways such as apoptosis and pyroptosis.
oxysterols , oxidized derivatives of cholesterol , are known to act as key actors in degenerative disorders such as skin photoaging.
we hypothesize that oxysterols could be implicated in either apoptosis or pyroptosis , or both.
the aim of our study was first to quantify oxysterol levels in keratinocytes as a function of aging and uv irradiation.
second , we evaluated the effects of 25-oh oxysterol on apoptosis and pyroptosis hallmarks in keratinocytes.
our results showed that 25-oh exhibited an increasing after uv irradiation , highlighting the pivotal role of this oxysterol in skin degeneration.
in our model , 25-oh induced not only caspases-dependent apoptosis associated to granzyme b release but also p2x7 receptor-dependent pyroptosis in skin cells.
however , to date and to our knowledge , a direct comparison of non-government vs. government-supported funding models for tele-homecare is particularly lacking in japan.
the aim of this study is to compare these operational models ( i.e. , non-government vs. government-supported funding ) from a cost-benefit perspective.
this simulation study applies to a japanese hypothetical cohort with implications for other super-aged and aging societies abroad.
we performed base case cost-benefit analysis and probabilistic cost-benefit analysis with a monte carlo simulation.
the benefit of tele-homecare was measured by annual willingness to pay ( wtp ) for tele-homecare by a user and medical expenditures avoided.
results : base case net benefits of model @number@ and model @number@ were $ 417.00 and $ 97.30 , respectively.
base case bcr of model @number@ tele-homecare was @number@ while model @number@ was @number@
break-even analysis showed that the system cost of model @number@ had to be under $ 187 , 500.
conclusions : our results for each model collectively showed that tele-homecare in japan is cost-saving to some extent.
anti-diphtheria antibody levels decrease with aging , and frequent booster vaccinations are required to maintain herd immunity.
methods : one hundred and ninety-five t2dm patients received a crt-d treatment.
these patients were followed by clinical , and instrumental assessment , and telemetric device control at follow up.
multipolar pacing was an independent predictor of all these events.
clinical trial number nct03095196.
there is a need for more rigorous research on methodological issues and the efficacy of recruitment methods.
conclusions : this study adds to the literature in two important ways.
first , we leveraged the social and physical infrastructure of an existing program to recruit participants through community sites where older adults gather.
this was especially true in terms of understanding the disparate roles of the individuals involved in implementing and facilitating the recruitment plan.
background : self-perception of uselessness is associated with increased mortality risk in older adults.
however , it is unknown whether and to what extent changes in perceived uselessness are associated with mortality risk.
cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate mortality risk associated with changes in levels of perceived uselessness.
the associations were partially attenuated when socioeconomic , family / social support , behavioral , and health-related covariates were individually taken into account.
conclusions : persistently high and moderate levels of perceived uselessness are associated with significant increases in mortality risk.
these findings have important implications for promoting successful aging in china.
co-morbid depression is prevalent in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
here we report that monoamine oxidase a ( mao-a ) plays pathogenic roles in the comorbidity.
the mao-a upregulation resulted in increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid / serotonin ratio , oxidative stress , leading to nf-κb activation , inflammation and apoptosis.
moreover , depressive-like behaviors were observed in the hypoxic rat.
in human sh-sy5y cells expressing mao-a but not mao-b , hypoxia significantly increased the mao-a expression , which was blocked by m30 or clorgyline.
background : the prevalence of hearing loss increases rapidly with aging.
hearing loss is common in all age groups , even in young adults and adolescents.
methods : we analyzed cross-sectional data from @number@ adults and @number@ adolescents in the korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010-2012.
many theories of cognitive aging are based on evidence that dopamine ( da ) declines with age.
results revealed significant moderate to large , negative effects of age on da transporters and receptors.
age had a significantly larger effect on d1- than d2-like receptors.
in contrast , there was no significant effect of age on da synthesis capacity.
the average age reductions across the da system were @number@.7%-14.0% per decade.
a meta-regression found only da target as a significant moderator of the age effect.
this study precisely quantifies prior claims of reduced da functionality with age.
recommendations for future studies including minimum required samples sizes are provided.
introduction / purpose : aging modifies neuromuscular activation of agonist and antagonist muscles during walking.
we examined the effects of lower-extremity power training on neuromuscular activation during level gait in old adults.
conclusions : power training increased neuromuscular activation during isometric contractions and level gait in old adults.
the power training-induced neuromuscular adaptations were associated with increases in isometric muscle strength and partly with increases in fast gait velocity.
the aim of the present research was to study the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of apigenin on d-galactose-induced aging mice.
firstly , apigenin exhibited a potent antioxidant activity in vitro.
in addition , the expressions of nrf2 downstream gene targets , including ho-1 and nqo1 , were also promoted by apigenin administration.
moreover , apigenin also decreased the mda level and elevated sod and cat activities.
there is an obvious regional longevity phenomenon in china and many longevity counties are located in south china.
the ongoing tact2 trial may clarify its use in post-mi diabetic patients.
we also examined whether the age-dependent changes differ among physical performance and body composition parameters.
methods : cross-sectional data from @number@ @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( mean age @number@ years ; @number@ women ) were analyzed.
the measures of physical performance included hand-grip strength , the five-times-sit-to-stand test , and walking speed.
body composition parameters ( body weight , fat mass , and appendicular skeletal muscle mass ) were measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyser.
correlations between age and the physical performance and body composition parameters were tested.
results : all physical performance measures significantly decreased with aging.
conclusions : the patterns of age-dependent decreases in physical performance measures differed among parameters and between sexes.
furthermore , the decrease in asmi with age is more striking than that of bmi.
micrornas ( mirnas ) regulate gene expression with emerging data suggesting mirnas play a role in skeletal muscle biology.
we sought to examine the association of mirnas with grip strength in a community-based sample.
linear mixed-effects regression modeling of grip strength ( kg ) versus continuous mirna ' cq ' values and versus binary mirna expression was performed.
we conducted an integrative mirna-mrna coexpression analysis and examined the enrichment of biologic pathways for the top mirnas associated with grip strength.
this requires any pathological features of the patient cells used for reprogramming to be eliminated during ipsc generation.
cellular hallmarks of hgps include nuclear blebbing , loss of peripheral heterochromatin , defective epigenetic inheritance , altered gene expression , and senescence.
we generated a library of ipsc lines from fibroblasts of patients with hgps and controls , including one family trio.
hypertension ( htn ) is a chronic medical condition that commonly affects the aging population worldwide.
the prevalence of htn is increasing in developing countries and is one of the leading causes of death in older individuals.
htn results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
besides , htn can result in various other health complications such as stroke and chronic kidney diseases , if not treated.
although various studies have explained the underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of htn , limited information is available on their biomarkers.
hence , mir-21 can be a potential therapeutic target for htn.
the number of studies related to mir-21 on hypertension is limited.
therefore , the main thrust of this paper is to provide an overview of the current clinical evidence and significance of mir-21 in htn.
food contamination by pathogenic microorganisms has been a serious public health problem and a cause of huge economic losses worldwide.
bacterial contamination may occur during any of the steps in the farm-to-table continuum from environmental , animal , or human sources and cause foodborne illness.
in the second half of this review article , we introduce the foodborne outbreak cases caused by e. coli in natural foods and food products.
finally , we discuss current developments that can be applied to control and prevent bacterial food contamination.
the nerve center responsible for controlling our circadian rhythm is located in a cluster of cells known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus.
due to aging and degenerative disease , circadian rhythm gradually collapses.
biological clocks play an important role in our emotions , cognitive function , and behavior.
sleep disorders and metabolic disease related to the circadian rhythm affect metabolic and endocrine activities via the autonomic nervous system and the intestinal bacterial flora.
shift work disorder is associated with insomnia and excessive drowsiness as individuals often work during their sleeping hours.
in frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) , the stereotypical behaviors may be associated with time.
in some patients , multiple timed behaviors occupy a considerable part of the patient's daily life.
stereotypical behaviors in ftd are often considered in contrast to obsessive-compulsive disease ( ocd ) .
studies of ocd have found a close correlation between clinical symptoms , cognitive function , and brain function.
even in healthy individuals , renal function gradually declines during aging.
however , an observed variation in the rate of this decline has raised the possibility of slowing or delaying age-related kidney disease.
one of the most successful interventional measures that slows down and delays age-related kidney disease is caloric restriction.
we undertook the present studies to search for potential factors that are regulated by caloric restriction and act as caloric restriction mimetics.
we therefore determined the effects of aging and caloric restriction on the expression of fxr and tgr5 in the kidney.
we found that fxr and tgr5 expression levels are decreased in the aging kidney and that caloric restriction prevents these age-related decreases.
interestingly , in long-lived ames dwarf mice , renal fxr and tgr5 expression levels were also increased.
in summary , our results indicate that fxr and tgr5 may play an important role in modulation of age-related kidney disease.
rationale : mitochondrial oxidative stress ( mitoos ) has been shown to be increased in various cell types in human atherosclerosis and with aging.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the role of myeloid cell mitoos in atherosclerosis in aged mice.
thus , mitoos-induced net formation is a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent atherosclerosis progression during aging.
tissue repair after injury is a complex , metabolically demanding process.
inflammatory cells multitask at the wound site by facilitating wound debridement and producing chemokines , metabolites , and growth factors.
aged skeletal muscle has an attenuated and delayed ability to proliferate satellite cells in response to resistance exercise.
several examples are highlighted in this review.
moreover , mutations of context : obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
this association may be related to metabolic changes that transpire during sleep in osa.
design and setting : randomized crossover trial of cpap vs cpap withdrawal.
patients : thirty-one patients with moderate to severe osa acclimated to cpap.
intervention : patients underwent attended polysomnography while sleeping with therapeutic cpap , or after cpap withdrawal , in random order.
venous blood was sampled at ∼20-minute intervals on both nights.
in @number@ patients , we assessed glucose kinetics with an infusion of @number@ , 6- [ 2h2 ] glucose.
results : cpap withdrawal caused recurrence of osa associated with hypoxemia , sleep disruption , and heart rate ( hr ) elevation.
diabetes predisposed to glucose elevation.
conclusion : osa recurrence during cpap withdrawal increases ffa and glucose during sleep , associated with sympathetic and adrenocortical activation.
recurring exposure to these metabolic changes may foster diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
more affordable direct-to-consumer hearing technologies are increasingly gaining recognition , but the performance of these devices has been poorly studied.
main outcome measure : electroacoustic results and simulated real-ear measurements.
main electroacoustic measures are frequency response , equivalent input noise , total harmonic distortion , and maximum output sound pressure level at @number@ db.
a 69-year-old woman was diagnosed with a germ cell tumor in the anterior mediastinum.
the tumor was diagnosed as a primary malignant mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor by needle biopsy.
after initial radiotherapy ( @number@ gy / 4 fr ) , she was subsequently treated with ep chemotherapy which achieved a partial response.
complete resection of the residual tumors in the mediastinum and right lung was performed.
no recurrence has been noted for @number@ years post-operatively.
the mechanical properties of pulmonary tissues are important in normal function and the development of diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.
we aimed to investigate the influence of the p.a152t mapt variant on the clinical and neuropathological features of these basque grn families.
we genotyped six short tandem repeat markers in the two largest families.
by the analysis of linkage disequilibrium decay in the haplotype block we estimated the time when the first ancestor to carry both genetic variants emerged.
grn + / a152t + and grn + / a152t- patients shared similar clinical and neuropsychological features and plasma progranulin levels.
additionally , all seven showed mild to moderate tau inclusion burden : five cases lacked β-amyloid pathology and two cases had alzheimer's pathology.
conclusions : in our sample , the p.a152t mapt variant does not appear to show a discernible influence on the clinical phenotype of grn carriers.
whether p.a152t confers a greater than expected propensity for tau pathology in these grn carriers remains an open question.
objectives : african-americans have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with whites , possibly due to elevated oxidative stress and subsequent vascular dysfunction.
it is unclear the contribution of aging on oxidative stress and vascular function in a racially diverse cohort.
there was a supplement effect in superoxide dismutase activity in younger adults only.
in this review , we will discuss recent findings in endothelial niche-mediated regulation of hsc function during development , aging and regenerative conditions.
aging of ecs may impair their ability to maintain hsc function contributing to the development of aging-associated hematopoietic deficiencies.
these findings have opened up new avenues to explore the therapeutic application of ecs.
summary : ecs provide a fertile niche for maintenance of functional hscs throughout their lifecycle.
an improved understanding of the ec-hsc cross-talk will pave the way for development of ec-directed strategies for improving hsc function during aging.
the peptides were all detected in their intact forms in the blood.
there was a significantly promoted absorption of di / tripeptides in aged shrs compared with young shrs.
in contrast , the absorption of tetra / pentapeptides was not affected by aging.
these molecular motors facilitate a variety of transactions including replication , dna repair , recombination , and transcription.
a key partner of eukaryotic dna helicases / translocases is the single-stranded dna binding protein replication protein a ( rpa ) .
the roles of dna helicases / translocases are orchestrated with rpa in pathways of nucleic acid metabolism.
results : in hk-2 cells , ddah1 expression was reduced by aldosterone treatment , and overexpression of ddah1 significantly attenuated aldosterone-induced emt.
however , those effects could not be mimicked by increasing the adma concentration.
however , the complete carfax model has not been tested in nonclinical populations.
( psycinfo database record purpose of review : autophagy promotes cellular health in response to various cellular stresses and to changes in nutrient conditions.
maintaining both basal and adaptive autophagy against cellular stress may protect the kidney from diabetes-induced cellular stresses.
therefore , the activation of autophagy through the modulation of nutrient-sensing pathways may be a new therapeutic option for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy.
bifidobacteria are one of the major components in human microbiota that are suggested to function in maintaining human health.
the colonization and cell number of bifidobacterium species in human intestine vary with ageing.
however , sequential changes of bifidobacterium species ranging from newborns to centenarians remain unresolved.
here , we investigated the gut compositional changes of bifidobacterium species over a wide range of ages.
faecal samples of @number@ healthy japanese subjects between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years were analysed using real-time pcr with species-specific primers.
b. longum group was widely detected from newborns to centenarians , with the highest detection rate.
b. breve was detected in approximately @percent@ of children under @number@ years old.
b. adolescentis and b. catenulatum groups were predominant after weaning.
b. bifidum was detected at almost all ages.
the detection rate of b. dentium was higher in the elderly than in other ages.
b. animalis ssp. lactis was detected in @percent@ of the subjects and their ages were restricted.
b. gallinarum goup was detected in only nine subjects , while b. minimum and b. mongoliense were undetected at any age.
the presence of certain bifidobacterium groups was associated with significantly higher numbers of other bifidobacterium species / subspecies.
inter-species correlations were found among each species , exception for b. animalis ssp. lactis.
aging is a time-related process of functional deterioration at cellular , tissue , organelle , and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end.
in addition , genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and / or delaying the onset of aging and aging-related diseases.
however , the importance of mirnas in regulating os in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown.
the purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of mirnas in os-induced cellular senescence.
clonal hematopoiesis can be identified by the presence of somatic mutations in blood or bone marrow even in individuals without a myeloid malignancy.
these distinctions can be useful as the implications of clonal hematopoiesis depend almost entirely on the clinical context in which it is identified.
however , some generalizations can be made.
the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis increases with age , particularly after the fifth decade of life.
over time , the long-lived proteins that are present throughout the human body deteriorate.
typically , they become racemized , truncated , and covalently cross-linked.
cys residues are another potential source of dha , and evidence for this was found in many lens crystallins.
in the human lens , some sites were more prone to forming non-disulfide covalent cross-links than others.
foremost among them was cys5 in βa4 crystallin.
the reason for this enhanced reactivity was investigated using peptides.
once a dha residue was generated , it could form intermolecular cross-links with lys and cys.
in the lens , the most abundant cross-link involved cys5 of βa4 crystallin attached via a thioether bond to glutathione.
improving our understanding of the cellular basis of obesity could set the stage for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
the cns plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis.
the potential impact of recent research findings in the field on therapeutic treatment strategies for human obesity is also discussed.
advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) form during oxidative stress , which is increased in diabetes mellitus ( dm ) .
uromodulin is a protein with a renal protective effect , and may be subject to glycation.
the implications of uromodulin glycation and ages in the urine are not understood.
uromodulin forms high molecular weight polymers that associate with microvesicles and exosomes.
finally , the diagnostic and prognostic utility of measuring urinary glcumod concentration was examined.
urinary glcumod concentration was substantially higher in dkd patients than non-diabetic ckd patients.
urinary uromodulin is apparently glycated in dkd and forms ages , and glcumod may serve as a biomarker for dkd.
moreover , bet stimulates muscle differentiation via insulin like growth factor i ( igf-i ) .
the processes of myogenesis and osteogenesis involve common mechanisms with skeletal muscle cells and osteoblasts sharing the same precursor.
therefore , we have hypothesized that bet might be effective on osteoblast cell differentiation.
cells were treated with @number@ mm bet at @number@ @number@ @number@ min and @number@ @number@ and @number@ h.
the possible effects of bet on hobs differentiation were evaluated by real time pcr , western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.
calcium imaging was used to monitor intracellular calcium changes.
results : real time pcr results showed that bet stimulated significantly the expression of runx2 , osterix , bone sialoprotein and osteopontin.
western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed bet stimulation of osteopontin protein synthesis.
bet stimulated erk signaling , key pathway involved in osteoblastogenesis and calcium signaling.
furthermore , bet was able to increase significantly both sod2 gene expression and protein content.
these pathways could have synergistic effects on osteogenic gene expression and protein synthesis , thus potentially leading to enhanced bone formation.
aging-related tau astrogliopathy ( artag ) is a recently introduced terminology.
microphotographs and scanned sections immunostained for phosphorylated tau ( at8 ) were made available for download and preview.
percentage of agreement and kappa values with @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) were calculated for each evaluation.
the overall agreement for study @number@ was > 60% with a kappa value of @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.433-0.645 ) .
the overall assessment of artag showed moderate agreement ( kappa @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.534-0.653 ) among raters.
our study supports the application of the current harmonized evaluation strategy for artag with a slight modification of the evaluation of its severity.
design : this is a longitudinal study over a 2-year period.
setting : a tertiary public hospital.
patients or other participants : thirty-five ( @number@ obese ) apparently healthy subjects.
intervention ( s ) : diet counseling was provided to all subjects.
obese subjects were followed every @number@ months.
results : r2 increased in both obese and nonobese subjects , independent of weight variations.
interestingly , metagenome functions associated with circulating and brain iron stores are involved in bacterial generation of siderophores.
conclusions : changes in the gut metagenome are associated longitudinally with cognitive function and brain iron deposition.
trepanation has been performed by people interested in enhancing mental power and well-being since the early 1960s.
the pioneers and main proponents of the procedure are described here.
he trepanned himself in @number@
three of his friends became enthusiasts.
they also submitted themselves to the procedure and published films and books describing their experiences.
two of them coauthored papers , in collaboration with russian researchers , and created institutions to promote discussion on trepanation.
one of these institutions organized trips to central and south america to get the operation done.
dozens of people nowadays look for trepanation as a method of spiritualization and increasing well-being and mental power.
the phenomenon has an uncertain future , however , as the main proponents and supporters are aging.
objective : to describe the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with informal and paid care for brazilian older adults with functional limitations.
the multivariate analysis was based on binomial and multinomial logistic regressions.
age was positively associated with receiving any care while the male gender showed a negative association.
conclusions : informal care is the main source of help for community-dwelling older adults with functional limitations.
objetivo : descrever a prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos associados à ajuda informal e remunerada a idosos com limitações funcionais.
a variável dependente foi a fonte de ajuda , categorizada como exclusivamente informal ( não remunerada ) , exclusivamente remunerada , mista ou nenhuma.
a análise multivariada foi baseada nas regressões logísticas binomial e multinomial.
a idade apresentou associação positiva e o sexo masculino apresentou associação negativa com o recebimento de qualquer ajuda.
conclusões : o cuidado informal é a principal fonte de ajuda domiciliar aos idosos com limitações funcionais.
previous studies suggest that akt signaling promotes tissue regeneration and decreased akt activities are found in aged tissues.
however , this study finds that the expression and activation levels of akt in the mice skin increased with age.
additionally , the expression levels of pten , p16 , p21 and p53 also elevated with increased age.
immuno-fluorescence analysis showed that akt phosphorylation found in the epidermal cells ( with increased levels of nf-κb activation ) were also found.
in vivo inhibition of akt activity result in reduced nf-κb activation.
our results suggest that increasing akt / nf-κb is a crucial mediator of skin aging , which can increase the susceptibility of cell transformation.
cellular senescence is an important protective mechanism against cell proliferation and has critical roles in aging and aging-related disease.
recently , one interesting observation is that the protein abundance is higher in senescent cells than that in young cells.
this finding provides clues that protein accumulation in cellular senescence could be associated with lower mirna abundance in aging cells.
background : ferritin constitutes a sensitive iron-storage index and multi-functional protein.
evidence on its association with mortality in general population is scarce and conflicting.
we investigated the sex-specific associations of ferritin levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a population-based cohort.
methods : data came from the english longitudinal study of ageing and the national mortality registry.
the sample comprised @number@ participants aged ≥52 years.
blood concentration of ferritin was measured at baseline in @date@ .
stratified analyses by chronic disease status were also performed.
results : we categorized ferritin in sex-specific quartiles.
@number@ deaths of which @number@ cardiovascular disease-related were recorded over a mean follow-up time of @number@ years.
men with no major chronic diseases who were in the highest ferritin quartile had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
no association between ferritin levels and cardiovascular mortality was detected in women.
conclusion : circulating ferritin levels showed sex-specific prognostic patterns.
high ferritin levels in men with no major chronic diseases were also independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
future research is needed to clarify the prognostic role of ferritin.
objectives : to investigate frailty as a predictor of surgical outcome in elderly patients undergoing penile prosthesis implantation.
material and methods : a total of @number@ elderly patients , above @number@ years of age , underwent penile prosthesis implantation between @number@ and @number@
their data were collected and retrospectively analyzed.
the 1-year adverse outcomes were correlated with mfi , patients ' and procedure's risk factors.
results : mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
no mortality was reported in our patients , however , one-year adverse outcomes were encountered in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
hba1c , dyslipidemia , hypertension , pd and duration of the procedure were predictive of infection complications ( p < @number@ ) .
only pd and hba1c sustained an independent significant impact.
conclusions : mfi is not a predictive of post-penile prosthesis implantation adverse outcomes in elderly patients with impotence.
degree of diabetic control and association with pd was associated with the 1-year adverse outcomes and infection complications.
introduction : inflammation and angiogenesis are known to play a role in the development prostate tumors.
materials and methods : @number@ bph cases and @number@ controls were enrolled in the study.
il-17 and angpt2 were estimated in both the groups.
results : il-17 and angpt2 were significantly increased in bph cases when compared with controls.
erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is one of the most common disorders in male and is often associated with other age-related comorbidities.
the aging process affects the structural organization and function of penile erectile components such as smooth muscle cell and vascular architecture.
these modifications affect penile hemodynamics by impairing cavernosal smooth muscle cell relaxation , reducing penile elasticity , compliance and promoting fibrosis.
this review aims to identify the mechanisms of ed in the penile aging process in experimental and clinical data.
it also highlights areas that are in need of more research.
the search strategies yielded total records screened from pubmed.
clarification of the molecular mechanisms that accompanies corpus cavernosum aging and aging-associated ed will aid new perspectives in the development of novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
age is not a limiting factor for ed medical management , and it is never too late to treat.
therefore , the clinical management of ed related to aging can be done by therapeutic interventions that include pde-5 inhibitors , and other pharmacological treatments.
in particular , voiding domain was more affected than storage domain.
only sildenafil @number@ mg qd improved nocturia significantly ( versus placebo , p = @number@ ) .
quality of life score was improved in all treatment groups.
in particular , nocturia is most well-controlled by @number@ mg qd.
limited research has studied the effects of neighbourhood age-friendliness on elderly health outcomes.
a multi-stage sampling method was used to collect views of community-dwelling older people from two local districts of hong kong.
a structured questionnaire covering the who's eight afc domains was developed to collect information on the perceived neighbourhood environments , srh and individual characteristics.
furthermore , @number@ respondents aged ≥60 years completed the questionnaire , of which @percent@ reported good srh.
in this study , the relationship between depigmenting effect of resveratrol and sirt1 / forkhead box o ( foxo ) 3a activation and was investigated.
resveratrol suppressed melanogenesis by the downregulation of mitf and tyrosinase via erk pathway.
results showed that the expression of both sirt1 and foxo3a were increased.
it is reported that sirt1 is critical regulator of foxo-mediated transcription in response to oxidative stress.
however in our study , foxo3a activation appeared earlier than that of sirt1.
however , pre-treatment with sirt1 inhibitor ( ex527 , or sirtinol ) did not affect the levels of mitf and tyrosinase.
therefore , resveratrol inhibits melanogenesis through the activation of foxo3a but not by the activation of sirt1.
skin health is associated with the day-to-day activity of fibroblasts.
fibroblasts activated by bryostatin-1 protected the structural integrity of hses.
bryostatin-1 and picolog prolonged activation of erk in fibroblasts to promote cell survival.
chronic stress promotes the progression of apoptosis.
dermal fibroblasts constitutively express all components of fas associated apoptosis , including caspase-8 , an initiator enzyme of apoptosis.
prolong bryostatin-1 treatment reduced apoptosis by decreasing caspase-8 and protected dermal fibroblasts.
our data suggest that bryostatin-1 and picolog could be useful in anti-aging skincare , and could have applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
design : observational , longitudinal study.
setting : tertiary academic alzheimer's disease centers funded by the national institute on aging.
all had baseline normal cognition or mci.
this lower risk was found for persons with normal cognition or mci.
conclusion : proton pump inhibitors were not associated with greater risk of dementia or of ad , in contrast to recent reports.
study limitations include reliance on self-reported ppi use and lack of dispensing data.
prospective studies are needed to confirm these results to guide empirically based clinical treatment recommendations.
background : with the increase in life expectancy , the elderly brazilian population has grown considerably.
we analyzed the relationship among cognitive performance , anthropometry , and functional capacity in institutionalized elderly individuals.
functional tests were based on a battery adapted from the functional fitness test.
conclusion : cognitive impairment in the elderly living in long-term care facilities was more pronounced and frequent in obese individuals.
this study also demonstrated that better functional capacity reflects better cognitive performance.
background : choto-san is a traditional medicine used for hypertension and headaches in japan and china.
some studies have shown its effectiveness in the treatment of dementia.
the present review aimed to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of choto-san in the treatment of adults with cognitive impairment.
methods : we included randomized controlled trials comparing choto-san with placebo for patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
results : three randomized controlled trials evaluating @number@ participants were included.
two were studies on vascular dementia , and the other was on alzheimer's dementia.
also , dropouts judged it to be acceptable.
however , the results were imprecise and / or heterogeneous.
studies with a larger sample size and conducted over longer periods should be performed.
regardless , choto-san can be one of the choices for the treatment of vascular dementia as it is well tolerated.
background : cognitive impairment is common among older people and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
methods : data were obtained from a cross-sectional study.
the gathered data were analyzed by the mann-whitney u-test , the kruskal-wallis test , spearman's rank correlation coefficient , and the receiver-operating characteristic.
results : the amts could successfully differentiate the dementia group from the non-dementia group.
total cronbach's α coefficient was @number@
risk factors for the occurrence of surgical site infections include variables related to the surgical procedure as well as host factors.
increasing age is associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections.
the aim of this review is to give an update on the antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical site infection in elderly people.
using weighted data , descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
conclusions : findings suggest that geographic region plays an important role in the sufficient use of mental health services among racial / ethnic minorities.
further research should elucidate reasons for geographic disparities in mental health care among racial / ethnic minority adults to reduce disparities.
aging is associated with increased risk for type @number@ diabetes , resulting from reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion.
reduced insulin secretion can result from reduced proliferative capacity and reduced islet function.
here , we examine how β-cell [ ca
the term ' neurofibromatosis ' ( nf ) comprises a group of rare diseases with related clinical presentations but distinct genetic conditions.
all currently known types - nf1 , nf2 and schwannomatosis - predispose afflicted individuals to the development of glial cell-derived ( gliogenic ) tumors.
furthermore , the occurrence of neuropathic symptoms , which add to the overall neurologic disability of patients , has been described in all disease entities.
we show that neuropathic symptoms are a common and clinically important , yet infrequently studied feature in the nf spectrum.
however , the clinical relevance and respective underlying pathogenesis , varies greatly among the different nf types.
in this review , we summarize and interpret the latest basic research findings , as well as clinical observations , in respect of neuropathies.
in mice , smchd1 regulates chromatin repression at different loci , having a role in cpg methylation establishment and / or maintenance.
candidate loci were then evaluated for smchd1 binding using chip-qpcr and expression was evaluated using rt-qpcr.
conclusions : our study is the first to investigate the global methylation effects in humans resulting from heterozygous mutations in smchd1.
age-associated dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses are one of the major factors responsible for the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in the older population.
the interaction between dcs and aecs plays a crucial role in lung immunity at homeostasis and during infections.
the functions of both dcs and aecs are impacted with age.
we also discuss how such dc-aecs crosstalk will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
bioactive compounds analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector ( hplc-pda ) system.
the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals are botanical compounds used in dermatology applications as cosmeceuticals to improve skin health.
resveratrol and equol are two of the best-known polyphenolic or phytoestrogens having similar chemical structures and some overlapping biological functions to 17β-estradiol.
we used data from four waves ( 2006-2012 ) of the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) .
our sample contained @number@ poor and @number@ non-poor individuals.
all were @number@ years old or older at baseline.
we used latent class growth analysis to identify trajectory groups ' depressive symptoms.
among the poor , five heterogeneous trajectories with clear patterns were identified : high-to-moderate , stable-high , slightly-increasing , steeply-increasing , and stable-low.
among non-poor , high-to-moderate , steeply-increasing , and stable-low groups were found.
a decrease in health conditions was the most vulnerable subgroup's ( steeply-increasing ) primary risk factor.
poor older adults who reduced participation in , or decreased contact with , social networks were likely to belong to the steeply-increasing group.
our study provides impetus for organizational and / or environmental support systems to facilitate social engagement among poor older adults.
future research should examine whether the significance of social engagement among poor elders applies in less-developed and developed countries.
the present study aimed to find gender differences for arterial stiffness and arterial aging in smokers.
a total of @number@ smokers ( @number@ male and @number@ female , matched for age ) were explored using an arteriograph in a cross-sectional survey.
no significant differences were found for pwv , aa , aixbrach and aixao.
significant correlations were found between spy and pwv , augmentation indices , and aa , respectively.
spy is significantly associated with an increased arterial stiffness in smokers regardless of gender , and with an increased sbpao only in female smokers.
the results of our study indicate gender differences for arterial stiffness and arterial age in smokers.
the post-gwas era provides an opportunity for cross-phenotype analyses between different complex phenotypes.
neurox data ( @number@ pd cases and @number@ controls ) were used for replication.
the study investigated the biological correlation between the top loci through protein-protein interaction and changes in the gene expression and methylation levels.
the dates of the analysis were @date@ , to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : the primary outcome was a list of novel loci and their pathways involved in pd and autoimmune diseases.
replication confirmed the involvement of hla , lrrk2 , mapt , trim10 , and setd1a in pd.
a subset of novel loci was significantly associated with changes in methylation or expression levels of adjacent genes.
conclusions and relevance : the study findings provide novel mechanistic insights into pd and autoimmune diseases and identify a common genetic pathway between these phenotypes.
the results may have implications for future therapeutic trials involving anti-inflammatory agents.
objective : to determine the population-level association between persistent pain , which may reflect chronic pain , and subsequent cognitive decline.
data analysis was conducted between @date@ and @date@ .
we hypothesized that persistent pain would predict accelerated memory decline and increased probability of dementia.
at baseline , persistent pain affected @percent@ of participants and was associated with worse depressive symptoms and more limitations in activities of daily living.
conclusions and relevance : persistent pain was associated with accelerated memory decline and increased probability of dementia.
method : a sequential nonword repetition task was used to examine learning over @number@ days.
participants practiced a sequence of @number@ monosyllabic nonwords that was retested following nighttime sleep.
the speed and accuracy of the nonword sequence were measured , and learning was inferred by examining performance within and between sessions.
individuals with pd exhibited offline losses , marked by an increase in sequence duration between sessions.
conclusions : the current results demonstrate that both pd and normal aging affect retention of speech motor learning.
furthermore , these data suggest that basal ganglia dysfunction associated with pd may affect the later stages of speech motor learning.
findings from the current investigation are discussed in relation to studies examining consolidation of nonspeech motor learning.
methods : sixty-six patients were enrolled.
at baseline , ivcm was performed at the site planned for surgery , and was repeated after @number@ months at bleb site.
surgery was successful when a one-third reduction of baseline iop was obtained at the last follow-up.
the main outcomes were baseline dcd , gcd , and smr , and @number@ months iop.
the relations between baseline confocal parameters and @number@ months iop were analyzed.
baseline iop ( mm hg ) was @number@ ± @number@ @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ in groups @number@ to @number@ respectively.
dcd and gcd were also different between groups @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ p < @number@ ) .
at @number@ months , iop reduced by @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ in groups @number@ to @number@
conclusions : preoperative dcd , gcd , and smr are parameters correlated with the filtration surgery outcome , with dcd presenting the strongest correlation.
ivcm of the conjunctiva may represent an imaging tool to predict the surgical success in glaucoma.
this study examines the predominance of the residential context within older adults ' everyday lives.
exercising , shopping , socializing , and social activities were especially likely to take place outside of residential tracts.
differences in residential and nonresidential poverty exposure vary across gender , race / ethnicity , education , car ownership , and residential areas.
variation in characteristics of activity spaces may be an underexplored source of differences in health and well-being during later life.
the number of individuals suffering from diseases of the central nervous system ( cns ) is growing with an aging population.
here , we present these mechanisms providing , also , the necessary background related to the morphology and various characteristics of the bbb.
moreover , we discuss various numerical and simulation approaches used to study the bbb , and possible future directions based on multi-scale methods.
we anticipate that this review will motivate multi-disciplinary research on the bbb aiming at the design of effective drug therapies.
the @number@ targeted point mutagenesis through homologous recombination has been widely used in genetic studies and holds considerable promise for repairing disease-causing mutations in patients.
however , problems such as mosaicism and low mutagenesis efficiency continue to pose challenges to clinical application of such approaches.
we found that hf2-be2 could convert c to t efficiently , with up to @percent@ biallelic mutation efficiency in mouse embryos.
unlike be3 , hf2-be2 could convert c to t on both the target and non-target strand , expanding the editing scope of base editors.
surprisingly , we found hf2-be2 could also deaminate c that was proximal to the grna-binding region.
the implementation is described using the fixsen and blasé implementation process model.
adaptations are made by local staff delivering the program.
overdenture as a treatment modality for both partially and fully edentulous patients is costeffective and less expensive.
the gap space between the head of the implant and the inner surface of the attachments was detected.
two-way analysis of variance ( anova ) analysis with multiple comparisons test was applied for statistical analysis.
next , seeking evidence of a critical decline in gait , we selected @number@ parameters : total double support , stride time and velocity.
med pr @number@ ; 68 ( @number@ ) : 441-448.
the aim of this study was to investigate patient outcomes after hospitalization for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the united states.
multiple linear and logistic regression models were conducted.
no variability in survival was noted after non-vf arrests ( p > 0.05 ) .
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : hospital fertility center.
patient ( s ) : a total of @number@ women.
intervention ( s ) : urinary triclosan concentrations quantified by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.
women had median ( with interquartile range ) afc of @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) .
the specific gravity-adjusted urinary triclosan concentrations were inversely associated with afc ( @percent@ ; @percent@ ci , @percent@ , @percent@ ) .
this association was modified by age and body mass index , with the younger and leaner women showing larger decreases in afc.
differences in baseline titers in aged individuals treated in the morning or afternoon in turn affected responsiveness to the vaccine.
in both younger and aged individuals , the time of sample collection also affected relative numbers of some of the b cell subsets in blood.
a global gene expression analysis with whole blood samples from the aged showed small but statistically significant differences depending on the time of sample collection.
in future vaccine trials , timing of vaccination and sample collection should be recorded carefully to allow for its use as a study covariant.
background : excess adiposity gains and significant lean mass loss may be risk factors for chronic disease in old age.
long-term patterns of change in physical activity ( pa ) and their influence on body composition decline during aging has not been characterized.
we evaluated the interrelationships of pa and body composition at the outset and over longitudinal follow-up to changes in older men.
group-based trajectory modeling ( gbtm ) identified patterns of change in pa and body composition variables.
relationships of pa and body composition changes were then assessed.
in separate models , gbtm identified eight discrete total weight change groups , five fat mass change groups , and six lm change groups.
background : in aging societies , zest for work may be pivotal when deciding to stay occupationally active longer.
psychosocial work stress is a prevalent public health problem and may have an impact on zest for work.
work over-commitment ( woc ) is a personal coping strategy for work stress with excessive striving and a health risk.
however , the long-term effect of woc on zest for work is poorly understood.
objective : to investigate the age-related associations of work over-commitment with zest for work.
age-adjusted multiple logistic regressions were performed with original and imputed datasets.
conclusion : the longitudinal findings among older employees could be relevant regarding the expected need to remain occupationally active longer.
background and objectives : increasing rates of obesity among chinese adolescents has become a major public health concern in recent years.
studies have shown that factors such as food choices , physical activity , and screen time play important roles in fostering obesity.
we examined a number of biological and social determinants that influence these factors.
to determine whether dietary behavior , physical activity , and screen time varied among students in different stages of their education.
the survey population ranged from middle school students to undergraduates.
@number@ surveys were returned , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were usable for the analysis.
physical activity , moderate exercise , and dietary behavior decreased with educational level , while screen time increased.
all predictors in the four considered regression models were statistically significant.
these findings can inform the development of measures to counteract the rise of obesity in china.
background and objectives : the relationships of dietary choline and folate intake with hepatic function have yet to be established in the taiwanese population.
we investigated the associations of choline and folate intake with hepatic inflammatory injury in taiwanese adults.
dietary intake was derived using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
serum liver injury markers of alanine transaminase , aspartate transaminase , and hepatitis viral infection were measured.
colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in both men and women.
the gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as having an important role in human health and disease.
in the current study , fecal samples were collected prior to bowel preparation from participants of screening colonoscopy in the german blitz study.
we found that the abundance of fusobacterium in feces was strongly associated with the presence of colorectal cancer ( p-value < @number@ ) .
this was confirmed by pcr at the species level for fusobacterium nucleatum.
fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf21 ) is an endocrine factor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism.
this study enrolled @number@ esrd patients receiving chronic hemodialysis who were categorized into low- and high-fgf21 groups by the median value.
we investigated the association between circulating fgf21 levels and the cardiovascular event and mortality during a median follow-up period of @number@ months.
furthermore , we examined the association between this neuronal activity metric and glucose metabolism from 18f fdg-pet.
we studied @number@ normal elderly controls ( nec ) and @number@ probable alzheimer disease ( ad ) subjects from the ad neuroimaging initiative.
an independent component analysis was applied to the rs-fmri , followed by template matching to identify neuronal components ( nc ) .
a regional brain activity measurement was constructed based on the variation of the rs-fmri signal of these nc.
the standardized glucose uptake values of several brain regions relative to the cerebellum ( suvr ) were measured from partial volume corrected fdg-pet images.
there was a significant linear correlation between the brain activity metric and the glucose suvr measurements.
the gompertz model is well known and widely used in many aspects of biology.
numerous parametrisations and re-parametrisations of varying usefulness are found in the literature , whereof the gompertz-laird is one of the more commonly used.
in the w0-form a starting-point parameter , meaning birth or hatching value ( w0 ) , replaces the inflection-time parameter ( ti ) .
we also propose new \ "unified \ " versions ( u-versions ) of both the traditional ti -form and a simplified w0-form.
in these , the growth-rate constant represents the relative growth rate instead of merely an unspecified growth coefficient.
we also present u-versions where the growth-rate parameters return absolute growth rate ( instead of relative ) .
the new u-gompertz models are special cases of the unified-richards ( u-richards ) model and thus belong to the richards family of u-models.
as u-models , they have a set of parameters , which are comparable across models in the family , without conversion equations.
the ability to associate items in memory is critical for social interactions.
older adults show deficits in remembering associative information but can sometimes remember high-value information.
in two experiments , younger and older participants studied faces , names , and occupations that were of differing social value.
there were no age differences in the recall of important information in experiment @number@ but age differences were present for less important information.
in experiment @number@ when younger adults ' encoding time was reduced , age differences were largely absent.
these findings are considered in light of value-directed strategies when remembering social associative information.
( psycinfo database record previous research has suggested age deficits in unimodal emotion recognition tasks.
in @number@ studies with independent samples , we tested the idea that older adults ' performance will be enhanced in multimodal emotion recognition tasks.
as a first step , participants received the film clips in each of @number@ unimodal conditions ( facial , lexical , prosodic ) .
as a second step , participants were presented with tasks that contained different combinations of these modalities.
the findings support the idea that the ecological validity of laboratory tasks influence age differences in emotion recognition.
sad or neutral mood was induced by texts and music pieces.
subjective age was operationalized as felt age relative to chronological age.
participants receiving the sad-mood induction reported changes toward older felt ages from pre- to postinduction.
participants receiving the neutral-mood induction reported comparable levels of subjective age at pre- and postinduction.
effects were comparable across middle- and older aged participants.
results suggest that sad affective states might dampen subjective age.
( psycinfo database record background : postoperative delirium is a significant complication in elderly patients.
the occurrence of delirium may increase the related physical and psychological risks , delay the length of hospital stays , and even lead to death.
purpose : to establish a culturally appropriate interdisciplinary intervention model for preventing postoperative delirium in older chinese patients.
finally , the translated instrument was revised and improved using discussions , consultations , and pilot study.
results : the abovementioned procedure generated an interdisciplinary intervention model for preventing postoperative delirium that is applicable to the chinese medical environment.
the content addresses personnel structure and assignment of responsibility ; details of interdisciplinary intervention protocols and implementation procedures ; and required personnel training.
purpose : blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) damage aggravates perihematomal edema , and edema volume predicts prognosis independently.
but the bbb permeability at the late stage of acute intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) patients is uncertain.
methods : we performed ctp on @number@ consecutive ich patients within @number@ to @number@ h after symptom onset.
hematoma and edema volumes were calculated from non-contrast ct.
results : \ "high-ps spot \ " and perihematoma regions had higher ps than the contralateral regions ( p < @number@ ) .
hematoma ps was lower than that in the contralateral regions ( p < @number@ ) .
perihematoma ps of the large-hematoma group was higher than that of the small-hematoma group ( p = @number@ ) .
perihematoma ps correlated positively with hematoma volume ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : locally elevated perihematoma ps was found in most spontaneous basal ganglia ich patients within @number@ to @number@ h after symptom onset.
perihematoma ps was higher in larger hematomas and was associated with larger edema volume.
at this period , bbb leakage is likely to be an important factor in edema formation.
methods : dtt was performed in @number@ healthy subjects aged 7-45 years.
fa and diffusivity indices were correlated as function of age using pearson correlation test.
comparison between males and females , and comparison between both hemispheres among all participants were also performed.
a p value less than @number@ was considered significant.
this pattern was characterized by significant fa increase accompanied by reduction in rd , trace without significant ad changes.
the right arcuate fasciculus showed similar pattern but without significant fa changes.
the right uncinate and right ilf fasciculus demonstrated significant reduction in rd , trace and ad , with and without significant fa increase , respectively.
left hemispheric dominance regarding the fa and diffusivity indices was demonstrated in uncinate fasciculus with no significant gender-related differences.
conclusion : significant microstructural tract-specific maturation processes continue throughout late childhood into adulthood.
these processes may represent stages in a cascade of age-related maturation in white matter microstructure.
background : approximately one-third of community-dwelling older adults fall each year , and approximately @percent@ have falls requiring medical services.
among other factors , research studies have linked certain medications with an increased risk of falls.
methods : a @percent@ random sample , insured in aarp results : among insureds , @percent@ used at least one of the frd classes.
of these , @percent@ were new users ( n = @number@ ) and @percent@ were continuing users ( n = @number@ ) .
fall rates for the two subgroups were similar at @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
new users were at higher risk than continuing users.
both groups could benefit from falls awareness and prevention programs.
the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the selected non-pharmacological lifestyle activities on the delay of cognitive decline in normal aging.
background : frailty is an aging syndrome caused by exceeding a threshold of decline across multiple organ systems leading to a decreased resistance to stressors.
treatment for frailty focuses on multi-domain interventions to target multiple affected functions in order to decrease the adverse outcomes of frailty.
no systematic reviews on the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions exist in a well-defined frail population.
additional articles were searched by citation search , author search , and reference lists of relevant articles.
the protocol for this review was registered on prospero ( crd42016032905 ) .
results : twelve studies were included , reporting a large diversity of interventions in terms of content , duration , and follow-up period.
results were inconclusive for cognitive , functional , and social outcomes.
conclusion : evidence of beneficial effects of multi-domain compared to mono-domain interventions is limited but increasing.
additional studies are needed , focusing on a well-defined frail population and with specific attention to the design and the individual contribution of mono-domain interventions.
this will contribute to the development of more effective interventions for frail elderly.
materials and methods : a quasi-experimental longitudinal study was carried out in two comparable nursing homes.
the giant exercising board game required participants to per-form strength , flexibility , balance and endurance activities.
the assistance provided by an exercising specialist decreased gradually during the intervention in an autonomy-oriented approach based on the self-determination theory.
current critical thinking has established the primacy of mitochondrial function in maintaining good health throughout plant and animal phyla.
the mitochondrion represents an existentially defined endosymbiotic model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of a permanently enslaved primordial bacterium.
cellular mitochondria are biochemically and morphologically tailored to provide exponentially enhanced atp-dependent energy production accordingly to tissue- and organ-specific physiological demands.
thus , screening for ppi inhibitors requires enormous number of compounds.
here we describe a simple and improved protocol designed for a search of direct ppi inhibitors.
we engineered a bacterial expression system for the split-renilla luciferase ( rl ) complementation assay that monitors ppi.
this enables production of large quantities of the rl fusion proteins in a simple and cost effective manner that is suitable for very large screens.
subsequently , inhibitory compounds are analyzed in a similar complementation assay in living cultured mammalian cells to select for those that can penetrate cells.
this strategy led to the identification of several direct nf-κb inhibitors.
as the described protocol is very straightforward and robust it may be suitable for many pairs of interacting proteins.
background : mild hyperphosphatemia is a putative risk factor for cardiovascular disease [ cvd ] , loss of kidney function , and mortality.
study design : cohort study.
predictor : serum phosphorus levels were determined in @number@ favorit trial participants at randomization.
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ years , the cohort had @number@ cvd events , @number@ transplant failures , and @number@ deaths.
limitations : we lacked data for concentrations of parathyroid hormone , fibroblast growth factor @number@ or vitamin d metabolites.
conclusions : serum phosphorus level is marginally associated with cvd and more strongly associated with transplant failure and total mortality in long-term ktrs.
a randomized controlled clinical trial in ktrs that assesses the potential impact of phosphorus-lowering therapy on these hard outcomes may be warranted.
mitochondrial dysfunction increases oxidative stress and depletes atp in a variety of disorders.
several antioxidant therapies and drugs affecting mitochondrial biogenesis are undergoing investigation , although not all of them have demonstrated favorable effects in the clinic.
we recently reported a therapeutic mitochondrial drug mitochonic acid ma-5 ( tohoku j. exp.
med. , @number@ ) .
@number@ out of the @number@ patient fibroblasts ( @percent@ ) were responded to ma-5.
under oxidative stress condition , the gdf-15 was increased and this increase was significantly abrogated by ma-5.
the serum gdf-15 elevated in mitomouse was likewise reduced by ma-5.
ma-5 facilitates mitochondrial atp production and reduces ros independent of etc by facilitating atp synthase oligomerization and supercomplex formation with mitofilin / mic60.
ma-5 reduced mitochondria fragmentation , restores crista shape and dynamics.
ma-5 has potential as a drug for the treatment of various mitochondrial diseases.
the diagnostic use of gdf-15 will be also useful in a forthcoming ma-5 clinical trial.
the mean total costs were €2176.77 for the intravenous infusion and €1911.09 for the subcutaneous injection.
implications : rituximab administered in the form of subcutaneous injection is less costly than its intravenous form.
aging is the main risk factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and the progression of vascular diseases.
in this review , we discuss the causes and mechanisms of vascular aging at the tissue and cellular level.
we elaborate on two categories that contribute to cellular dysfunction : cell extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
extrinsic factors reflect systemic or environmental changes which alter ec and smc homeostasis compromising vascular function.
intrinsic factors induce ec and smc transformation resulting in cellular senescence.
replenishing or rejuvenating the aged / dysfunctional vascular cells is critical to the effective repair of the vasculature.
nursing home ( nh ) residents routinely complete surveys that assess their health , well-being , preferences , and care needs.
such surveys reveal important information , however , are largely based on the concerns of providers as opposed to the concerns of residents.
thus , researchers must enhance efforts to ensure that these surveys are guided by the priorities , needs , and concerns of residents.
forty community-dwelling older adults were categorized based on montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) performance.
cognitive status was evaluated using standard neuropsychological assessments.
no significant differences were found in the whole-brain measures.
however , mtl volumetry revealed that anterolateral entorhinal cortex ( alerc ) volume-the same region in which alzheimer's pathology originates-was strongly associated with moca performance.
this is the first study to demonstrate that alerc volume is related to cognitive decline in undiagnosed community-dwelling older adults.
the apolipoprotein e ε4 allele is a prevalent and potent risk factor for ad that has facilitated research into its preclinical phase.
cerebral aβ levels build from preclinical through early dementia stages followed by hyperphosphorylated tau-related pathology , the latter driving cognitive deficits and dementia severity.
structural and molecular imaging can now recapitulate the neuropathology of ad antemortem.
genome-wide association studies have identified multiple additional risk factors , but to date none have yielded an effective alternate therapeutic target.
background : the incidence of tb in michigan was @number@ per @number@ people in @number@ roughly half the u.s. incidence.
despite successes in tb control , disparities in tb still exist in michigan , particularly by race , age , and nativity.
we examined nine-year trends in tuberculosis ( tb ) incidence patterns for the entire population of michigan , and within demographic subgroups.
methods : using a cross-sectional study of tb surveillance data , we analyzed @number@ tb cases reported in michigan during 2004-2012.
cases included were those for whom both spoligotyping and 12-locus-miru-vntr results were available.
conclusions : disparities in incidence persist despite ongoing tb control efforts.
greater disparities were observed by race and nativity demonstrating some of the ways that tb incidence is socially patterned.
reducing these disparities will require a multi-faceted approach encompassing the social and environmental contexts of high-risk populations.
mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in young onset alzheimer disease ( yoad ) are poorly understood.
correlation between neurite density index ( ndi ) and neuropsychological performance was assessed in @number@ white-matter regions of interest.
white-matter disruption was more widespread in ε4 + individuals but more focal ( posterior predominant ) in the absence of an ε4 allele.
noddi metrics indicate fractional anisotropy changes are underpinned by combinations of axonal loss and morphological change.
theoretical models and preceding studies have described age-related alterations in neuronal activation of frontoparietal regions in a working memory ( wm ) load-dependent manner.
however , to date , underlying neuronal mechanisms of these wm load-dependent activation changes in aging remain poorly understood.
the aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms in terms of effective connectivity by application of dynamic causal modeling with bayesian model selection.
behavioral and conventional fmri results replicated age group by wm load interactions.
none : application of collagen cross-linkers to demineralized dentin improves bond durability.
methods : bonded interface specimens were prepared using a two-step ( sb ) or three-step ( sbmp ) etch-and-rinse adhesive.
adhesive bonding of the treated groups was preceded by a 1min application of an experimental edc conditioner to the acid-etched dentin.
control specimens did not receive edc treatment.
results : the edc treatment had no influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of the hybrid layer immediately after bonding.
there was also no reduction in the hybrid layer stiffness after @number@ and @number@ months aging as defined by the complex modulus and storage modulus.
however , there was a significant reduction in the loss modulus and tanδ components ( i.e. viscous behavior ) of the hybrid layers with aging.
degradation occurred to both adhesive systems with storage , but was greatest for sb.
without edc treatment , the reduction in tanδ of the hybrid layer prepared with sb exceeded @percent@ in @number@ months.
significance : the application of edc to acid-etched dentin helps maintain the viscoelasticity of hybrid layers.
a perspective will be provided based on the analysis of information under review.
this underdiagnosis results in a treatment gap.
specific cohorts were created to identify osteoporosis-related fractures and their costs.
besides , costs of pharmaceutical treatment regarding osteoporosis were included.
using data from the literature , the treatment gap was estimated.
sensitivity analysis was performed on the base-case results.
results : a total of @number@ individuals with a history of fractures were included in this study.
in this population , @number@ patients were using anti-osteoporotic medication and @number@ patients were using preventive supplements.
a total number of @number@ osteoporosis-related fractures occurred.
the estimated total costs were €465 million.
on the basis of data presented in the literature , the treatment gap in our study population was estimated to vary from @percent@ to @percent@.
conclusions : the estimated total costs corrected for treatment gap were €1.15 to €1.64 billion.
these results indicate room for improvement in the health care policy against osteoporosis.
background : pedestrian injuries among older people tend to occur near their residence.
however , knowledge regarding whether distance travelled from home to the injury site or road environmental / socioeconomic factors affect injury severity remains limited.
methods : a cross-sectional study was performed using injury registry data from the kurume city fire department , japan.
distance travelled from home was determined with geographic information system ( gis ) software.
data were analyzed for potential association with injury occurrence and severity , with stratification by age.
signal detection analysis using @number@ variables was applied to identify factors associated with the occurrence of severe pedestrian injuries.
network distance travelled from home to injury site was not associated with the occurrence of severe pedestrian injuries among older people.
at wave @number@ participants self-reported fruit and vegetable intake ( fvi ) and completed the yale physical activity scale.
at both waves @number@ and @number@ the ces-d 11-item scale was used to identify those who met criteria for crlds.
modeling employed gender , age , perceived income adequacy , and education as potential confounders.
in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models , the socioeconomic variables showed the strongest association as risk factors for crlds.
conclusions : green vegetables , total fvi , and various aspects of pa showed protective effects regarding crlds.
therefore , the promotion of such lifestyles is likely to help prevent crlds in this population.
cognitive reserve ( cr ) is defined as the ability to maintain functionality despite accumulating pathology.
education has been used as a proxy for cr.
whether similar associations exist for in vivo tau pathology remains elusive.
we previously developed and validated an upper-extremity function ( uef ) assessment method that incorporates wearable motion sensors.
for the uef test , each participant performed a 20-s elbow flexion , within which they repetitively and rapidly flexed and extended their dominant elbow.
using elbow motion outcomes two uef indexes were developed ( categorical and score ) .
the fried index was measured as the gold standard.
uef score ( @number@ to @number@ ) was developed using similar uef parameters.
objectives : little information exists on the frequency and determinants of drug-associated long qt syndrome in older adults.
methods : this was a retrospective study performed over @number@ months in hospital geriatric medicine.
various qt-correction equations were fitted to the individual qt-rr data to evaluate the most appropriate equation.
long qt syndrome was defined as corrected qt ≥450 ms.
available data were compared in patients with and without long qt syndrome.
logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis were performed to identify determinants of long qt syndrome.
results : thirty-three of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) exhibited corrected qt ≥450 ms.
the different qt correction equations provided similar results , except the bazett equation.
the number of qt-prolonging drugs had a stronger influence on the risk of long qt syndrome in men than in women.
conclusion : male sex was found to be a significant risk factor of corrected qt prolongation in elderly hospitalized patients.
the risk also increased with the number of qt-prolonging agents , especially in men.
those findings may help to mitigate the risk of long qt syndrome in elderly patients in clinical practice.
background : delirium is a common and serious postoperative complication.
subanaesthetic ketamine is often administered intraoperatively for postoperative analgesia , and some evidence suggests that ketamine prevents delirium.
the primary purpose of this trial was to assess the effectiveness of ketamine for prevention of postoperative delirium in older adults.
participants , clinicians , and investigators were blinded to group assignment.
delirium was assessed twice daily in the first @number@ postoperative days using the confusion assessment method.
we did analyses by intention-to-treat and assessed adverse events.
this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct01690988.
there were more postoperative hallucinations ( p = 0·01 ) and nightmares ( p = 0·03 ) with increasing ketamine doses compared with placebo.
funding : national institutes of health and cancer center support.
renal involvement in cockayne syndrome is rare and its pathogenesis is yet unknown.
we report herein @number@ cases ( siblings ) with cockayne syndrome type a confirmed by biochemical and molecular assays.
the first case was a 13-year-old girl who presented with nephritic syndrome and a rapidly progressive kidney failure.
her younger sister , @number@ years old , exhibited hypertension , hyperfiltration , and microalbuminuria.
she had hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronemia without kidney failure or renal arterial stenosis.
renal biopsy , performed the older sister , revealed cystic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis , arteriosclerosis , tubulointerstitial fibrosis , and tubular atrophy.
the different clinical phenotypes in the two siblings support the absence of an obvious genotype-phenotype correlation in cockayne syndrome type a patients.
these differences were not explained by age or disability.
here , we show that these dna transactions are promoted by recq5 dna helicase in a manner dependent on its ser727 phosphorylation by cdk1.
upon replication stress , recq5 associates with cfss in early mitosis through its physical interaction with mus81 and promotes mus81-dependent mitotic dna synthesis.
this leads to defective chromosome segregation and accumulation of cfs-associated dna damage in g1 cells.
biochemically , recq5 alleviates the inhibitory effect of rad51 on @number@'-flap dna cleavage by mus81-eme1 through its rad51 filament disruption activity.
these data suggest that recq5 removes rad51 filaments stabilizing stalled replication forks at cfss and hence facilitates cfs cleavage by mus81-eme1.
the primary endpoint was the development of proven or probable ifd.
secondary endpoints included those focused on the safety and tolerability of prophylactic l-amb.
the remission-induction phase was a median of @number@ days for both groups.
hypokalaemia and creatinine increase were significantly more frequent with l-amb.
the ifd rate appears higher than previously reported , warranting further investigation.
tolerability of l-amb was what might be expected.
further studies are needed to determine the optimal antifungal strategy during remission-induction chemotherapy of all.
objectives : we document the size and characteristics of the population of older adults without close kin in the contemporary united states.
kinless-ness , defined both ways , is becoming more common among adults in their 50s and 60s for more recent birth cohorts.
aging research should address the implications of kinless-ness for public health , social isolation , and the demand for institutional care.
this study aims to examine the association between sources of social support and cancer screening behaviors among chinese older adults in the greater chicago area.
methods : data were drawn from the population study of chinese elderly in chicago.
social supports were measured by asking the frequency of receipt of support from spouse , non-spouse family members , and friends.
use of cancer screenings were evaluated by asking the history of utilization of colon , breast , cervical , and prostate cancer screenings.
results : after adjusting for covariates , results indicated significant association between higher social support and higher utilization of cancer screenings.
no associations were found between social support and prostate cancer screening.
conclusions : this study provides evidence that different types of social support were associated with variations in the utilization of cancer screenings.
future longitudinal studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between social support and cancer screening use.
background : physical function decline is a major public health concern and can predict later mortality.
this study aims to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with physical function decline among u.s. chinese older adults through a longitudinal population-based study.
methods : data were derived from the population study of chinese elderly ( pine ) at two time points : 2011-2013 and 2013-2015.
physical function was measured by observed physical performance testing , including chair stand , tandem stand , and timed walk.
mixed-effect models were used to analyze the demographic risk factors associated with physical function decline.
older adults experienced a faster decline in physical function for the overall performance measure ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
this study aims to investigate the association between filial discrepancy and depressive symptoms.
depressive symptoms were measured by the patient health questionnaire-9.
overall filial discrepancy was evaluated by filial receipt minus expectations.
levels of overall filial discrepancy divided older adults into four groups based on the medium value of filial expectations and receipt.
logistic regression analyses were performed.
conclusions : this study goes beyond previous research by examining the association between filial discrepancy domains and depressive symptoms.
cultural relevancy of health interventions is important in the context of chinese communities.
health care professionals are suggested to be aware of the depressive symptoms of u.s. chinese older adults with high filial expectations and low receipt.
background : depression is a major public health concern among older adults and health care professionals play a vital role in screening and treatment.
however , this process may be impeded by issues like lack of trust in physician ( tip ) .
this study aims to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between tip and depressive symptoms among chinese older adults in the chicago area.
a total of @number@ chinese older adults completed both waves of data collection.
tip was measured through the trust in physician scale from anderson and dedrick ( anderson la , dedrick rf.
development of the trust in physician scale : a measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships.
psychol rep. @number@ ; 67 ( @number@ pt @number@ ) : 1091-1100. doi : 10.2466 / pr0.1990.67.3f.1091 ) ( range : 11-55 ) .
depressive symptoms were measured through patient health questionnaire-9.
improved tip over @number@ years was associated with @percent@ decreased risk of having any depressive symptoms at wave @number@ ( or @number@ @number@.63-0.89 ) .
discussion : improved tip over @number@ years is associated with less risk of experiencing depressive symptoms.
future research should examine possible pathways and routes of intervention to improve mental health among older adults.
background : elder mistreatment ( em ) prevalence varies greatly according to definitional criteria.
however , little is known regarding the significance of different em definitions with respect to health outcome.
this paper explores the association between different definitions of em and their subtypes and suicidal ideation ( si ) in an u.s. chinese aging population.
si in the past @number@ weeks and @number@ months were assessed.
conclusion : em and its subtypes were significantly associated with si ; some associations varied by definitions and subtypes.
background : elder abuse ( ea ) is a global public health issue.
however , no prior longitudinal research has quantified the incidence of ea , which is critical to understand risk factors and future prevention strategies.
methods : the study is based on a longitudinal cohort design.
we followed @number@ u.s. chinese older adults who agreed to participate in the study within @number@ to @number@
a structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the 2-year incidence of ea and its subtypes.
we employed multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and incident ea.
age , gender , duration of residence , language preference and health status change were associated with incident ea.
self-perceived worsened health was positively associated with overall ea ( odds ratio [ or ] @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) .
older adults who have lived in the u.s. longer had a higher risk of financial exploitation ( or @number@ [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
a battery of cognitive tests that assessed episodic memory , working memory , perceptual speed , and overall cognitive status were administered in both times.
a composite global cognition was constructed using all tests.
mixed-effect regression was conducted.
men performed better than women in most cognitive abilities at baseline but had faster rates of decline in working memory.
higher income was associated with better cognition at baseline and reduced rates of decline in working memory.
conclusions : findings suggest differences in the rates of cognitive change by age , sex , education , and income.
those in advancing age are vulnerable to cognitive decline.
the effects of education and sex on baseline performance versus change suggest a role for life experiences in cognition.
method : we conducted six focus groups among chinese-speaking adult women age @number@ and above.
focus groups were transcribed , coded , and analyzed for emergent themes.
use of minimally invasive biospecimen collection and education to promote awareness of biospecimen research were suggested facilitators to increasing biospecimen research participation.
conclusions : culturally and linguistically isolated populations like chinese older women are at risk of exclusion from advancements in precision medicine.
we also highlight the need for individual , family , and community level interventions to promote healthy aging among chinese older women.
background : chicago's chinatown is home to a sizeable community of first-generation chinese american immigrants.
methods : we conducted six focus groups among chinese-speaking adult women aged @number@ and older.
focus groups were transcribed , coded , and analyzed for emergent themes.
participants expressed a range of breast cancer beliefs , attitudes toward screening , barriers encountered , and facilitators.
some differences were noted between women with cancer and those without.
barriers described include language , time , not wanting to burden their adult children , and transportation.
navigation services and physician recommendation were suggested facilitators to screening.
conclusions : our findings have important implications for development of interventions and policies to bolster breast cancer screening among chinese women.
background : physical function ( pf ) impairment and elder mistreatment ( em ) are alarming public health issues facing by many older adults.
prior studies have not generated uniform findings on the associations between pf and em.
this study aimed to address the research gap of this association among u.s. chinese aging population.
methods : three thousand one hundred fifty-eight community-dwelling chinese older adults in the greater chicago area were surveyed.
independent variables included both self-reported and performance-based pf measurements.
dependent variable was em , assessed by a 10-item instrument that has been widely used in social studies.
results : the mean age of study participants was @number@ years ( sd ± @number@ ) and @percent@ were female.
longitudinal studies are needed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathways between pf and em and its subtypes among chinese aging populations.
background : self-neglect and suicidal ideations are important public health issues among the aging population.
this study aims to examine the association between self-neglect , its phenotypes , and suicidal ideation among u.s. chinese older adults.
logistic regression is utilized to analyze the association.
conclusion : this study suggests that self-neglect and its phenotypes are significantly associated with suicidal ideation among chinese older adults.
longitudinal studies are needed to explore the mechanisms through which self-neglect links with suicidal ideation.
background : limited research is available on the relationship between social support , social strain , and cognitive function among community-dwelling u.s. chinese older adults.
this study aims to examine the associations between social support / strain and cognitive outcomes.
methods : data were drawn from the population-based study of chinese elderly ( n = @number@ ) .
social support and strain were measured by the scales drawn from the health and retirement study.
multiple regression analyses were conducted.
higher strain from friends was significantly associated with higher executive function ( β = @number@ se = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : social support and strain were associated with cognitive outcomes.
future longitudinal studies should be conducted.
however , few studies use data to support this model , and it has yet to be examined in the u.s. chinese community.
this study aims to examine the association between childhood abuse and elder abuse reported by chinese adult children in the united states.
methods : guided by a community-based participatory research approach , @number@ chinese adult children aged @number@ years and older participated in this study.
childhood abuse was assessed by four-item ( hits ) scale.
elder abuse was assessed by a 10-item instrument derived from the caregiver abuse screen ( case ) .
logistic regression analysis was performed.
results : childhood abuse was associated with caregiver abuse screen results ( odds ratio = @number@ @percent@ confidence interval = @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : this study suggests that childhood abuse is associated with increased risk of elder abuse among chinese adult children in the united states.
longitudinal research should be conducted to explore the mechanisms through which childhood abuse and its subtypes links with elder abuse.
background : low-dose computed tomography lung cancer ( ldct ) screening is an effective way to decrease lung cancer mortality.
both medicare and private insurers offer coverage of ldct screening to beneficiaries who are at high risk of developing lung cancer.
multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of chronic smoking behavior which was operationalized as meeting criteria for ldct screening.
results : a quarter of the sample were current smokers and @percent@ reported a prior history of smoking.
eighteen percent and @percent@ of older chinese men met the eligibility criteria for appropriateness for cms and uspstf ldct screening , respectively.
furthermore , education , marital status , and number of children were significantly associated with chronic smoking behavior.
increased outreach and education regarding early detection of lung cancer and smoking cessation are needed for this vulnerable and high-risk population.
social engagement was assessed with @number@ questions.
social support included positive support and negative strain.
principal component analysis was used to identify the sci components.
linear regression analysis was used to detect the contribution of social engagement and social support to soc and its components.
results : after controlling for sociodemographics and self-rated health , social activity engagement and positive social support were positively related to soc and its components.
conclusions : this study points to the importance of social activity engagement and positive support from family and friends in increasing the sense of community.
background : discrimination is part of life for many americans , especially ethnic minorities.
self-reported discrimination was assessed by the experiences of discrimination instrument and was dichotomized ( yes vs no ) .
depressive symptoms were measured by the patient health questionnaire ( phq-9 ) .
logistic regression of self-reported discrimination and negative binominal regression of depressive symptoms were conducted.
results : about @percent@ of the sample reported having experienced discrimination.
self-reported discrimination is significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms , independent of sociodemographic characteristics , migration-related variables , and personality factors.
conclusion : findings suggest a robust relationship between self-reported discrimination and depressive symptoms in older chinese americans.
methods : data analysis was based on the population study of chinese elderly in chicago ( pine ) .
three thousand one hundred and fifty-nine chinese adults aged @number@ years and older participated in the pine study.
results : perceived stress was positively related to depressive symptoms among u.s. chinese older adults.
no moderation effects were found for neuroticism.
conscientiousness significantly moderated the perceived stress-depressive symptom relationship.
the positive relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms was weaker for people who were higher in conscientiousness than those who were lower in conscientiousness.
conclusion : conscientiousness mitigated the stress-depressive symptom relationship among u.s. chinese older adults.
future research is needed to identify the psychological and sociocultural profiles of individuals who show stress resilience and those who are vulnerable.
social services and psychological interventions are needed to promote health and well-being among u.s. chinese older adults.
background : conflict in the family is a major risk factor for the well-being of older immigrants , whose lives are centered around their families.
this study examined the potential linkage between personal coping resources and family and marital conflict among u.s. chinese older adults.
methods : data were derived from the pine study , a population-based study of chinese elders in chicago ( n = @number@ ) .
older adults who had more friends were less likely to report marital conflict ( or = @number@ ci = @number@.43-0.86 ) .
conclusions : overall , older immigrants with greater coping resources seemed to have less family and marital conflict.
particularly important are their own sense of control and available support from children and friends in the new society.
higher education could be a risk factor for these conflicts.
future studies are needed to distinguish everyday life conflict from acculturation-related conflict in this population.
context and objective : diabetes is associated with a greater risk for incident cardiovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction.
at baseline , participants were administered a cognitive battery that included the digit symbol substitution test ( dsst ) .
results : median follow-up time was @number@ years.
an inverse relationship between the incidence of the accord primary outcome and baseline cognitive score was demonstrated.
psychophysiological responses to disgusting and pleasant smells are one of the most important aspects of olfaction.
these emotional signals can constitute an alert against toxic substances , and they may play a major role in food selection and nutritional intake.
the aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by examining whether individual physiological responses to odors could predict the subject's nutritional status.
because aging is associated with changes in emotional response to smells , we also examined how aging affects the relationship between olfaction and nutrition.
background : pregnancy outcomes of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected women ( phiv ) are poorly defined.
mixed effects models and log binomial models were used to assess the association of maternal phiv status with infant outcomes.
age-stratified analyses were performed.
results : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ hiv-infected pregnant women delivered @number@ newborns ( @number@ born to phiv and @number@ to nphiv women ) .
no associations between maternal phiv status and preterm delivery , sga , or lbw were observed.
conclusion : the overall lack of association between maternal phiv status and preterm delivery or infant bw outcomes is reassuring.
clinical trials registration : impaact @number@ nct00028145.
fall prediction in geriatric patients remains challenging because the increased fall risk involves multiple , interrelated factors caused by natural aging and / or pathology.
falls were registered prospectively ( mean follow-up @number@ months ) and one year retrospectively.
principal component analysis ( pca ) on @number@ gait variables was performed to determine underlying gait properties.
three fall-classification models were then built using partial least squares-discriminant analysis ( pls-da ) , with separate and combined analyses of the fall risk factors.
pca identified ' pace' , ' variability' , and ' coordination ' as key properties of gait.
the best pls-da model produced a fall classification accuracy of auc = @number@
the specificity of the model using patient characteristics was @percent@ but reached @percent@ when cognitive and gait outcomes were added.
the inclusion of cognition and gait dynamics in fall classification models reduced misclassification.
we therefore recommend assessing geriatric patients ' fall risk using a multi-factorial approach that incorporates patient characteristics , cognition , and gait dynamics.
they exhibit distinct chromatin modification patterns , gene expression levels and replication timing.
recently , nucleolus-associated chromosomal domains ( nads ) have been discovered , yet their precise genomic organization and dynamics are still largely unknown.
here , we use nucleolus genomics and single-cell experiments to address these questions in human embryonic fibroblasts during replicative senescence.
genome-wide mapping reveals @number@ nads in proliferating cells , which cover about @percent@ of the annotated human genome.
they are mainly heterochromatic and correlate with late replicating loci.
using hi-c data analysis , we show that interactions of nads dominate interphase chromosome contacts in the 10-50 mb distance range.
interestingly , only minute changes in nucleolar association are observed upon senescence.
these spatial rearrangements in subdomains smaller than @number@ kb are accompanied with local transcriptional changes.
in contrast , large centromeric and pericentromeric satellite repeat clusters extensively dissociate from nucleoli in senescent cells.
accordingly , h3k9me3-marked heterochromatin gets remodelled at the perinucleolar space as revealed by immunofluorescence analyses.
collectively , this study identifies connections between the nucleolus , 3d genome structure , and cellular aging at the level of interphase chromosome organization.
background : hiv-infected individuals may be at risk for the premature onset of age-associated noncommunicable comorbidities.
being hiv-positive , having comorbidities and being of higher age may adversely impact health-related quality of life ( hrql ) .
we investigated the possible contribution of hiv infection , comorbidities and age on hrql and depression.
methods : hiv-infected individuals and uninfected controls from the agehiv cohort study were screened for the presence of comorbidities.
they completed the short form 36-item health survey to assess hrql and the nine-item patient health questionnaire to assess depression.
linear and logistic regression were used to investigate to which extent comorbidities , aging and hiv infection were independently associated with hrql and depression.
the difference in physical hrql between hiv-positive and hiv-negative individuals did not become greater with a higher number of comorbidities or with higher age.
objectives : to determine the incidence of fracture among aging hiv-infected ( hiv + ) and uninfected men ( hiv- ) .
to evaluate factors independently associated with fracture risk.
design : prospective , multicenter cohort study of men with or at risk for hiv.
results : fracture incidence increased with age among both hiv + and hiv- men.
hypertension increased the rate of all fractures by @percent@ after adjustment for covariates [ airr : @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) ] .
conclusion : fracture incidence increased with age among hiv + and hiv- men but was higher among hiv + men.
background : the prevalence of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) has not changed considerably in the last two decades.
potent antiretroviral therapy has shifted the severity of hand to milder phenotypes , but excess morbidity and mortality continue to be associated with hand.
cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium.
due to the heterogeneity of cardiomyopathic patterns and symptoms , their diagnosis and therapies are great challenges.
organisms rely on correctly folded proteins to carry out essential functions.
protein quality control factors guard proteostasis and prevent protein misfolding.
these transitions involve dedicated proteins that promote coalescence and are facilitated by endo-membranes and cytoskeletal platforms.
moreover , several proteins make use of weak multivalent interactions or conformational templating to drive the formation of large-scale assemblies.
since all assembly types impact cell physiology , their localization and dynamics need to be tightly regulated.
interestingly , at least some of the regulatory mechanisms are shared by functional membrane-less organelles and assemblies of terminally aggregated proteins.
furthermore , constituents of functional assemblies can aggregate and become non-functional during aging.
bm-a progressively increase with aging , eventually occupying up to @percent@ of bm cavities.
accordingly , analysis of the gene pathways involved in hematopoiesis regulation showed that bm-a are more closely related to bm-msc than to at-a.
the present data suggest that bm-a play a supporting role in the hematopoietic niche and directly sustain hsc survival.
objectives : to compare muscle power between youth who acquired hiv perinatally and hiv unexposed uninfected ( huu ) youth.
further study is needed to identify effective strategies to improve dynamic muscle function in this population.
introduction : the european haemophilia consortium ( ehc ) is an international non-profit organization representing @number@ national patients ' organizations in europe.
every @number@ years , the ehc circulates a survey to its national member organizations to assess the state of haemophilia care.
aim : the purpose of this exercise is to ascertain information about the organization of haemophilia care and treatment availability at national levels.
patients and methods : surveys are distributed to ehc member organizations in english and russian.
patient organizations are encouraged to share the survey with local clinicians to ensure accuracy of responses.
the data collected are in part consistent to provide a longitudinal overview for treatment access , but topical items are included such as ageing.
subsequently , completed surveys are transposed into a database for analysis and reporting.
results : thirty-seven responses were received from the @number@ countries approached , representing an @percent@ response rate from members.
findings suggest increased access to treatment and some improvement in certain areas of care.
however , access to treatment has declined or remained largely unchanged in some countries.
conclusion : the survey has been a successful exercise in enabling a greater understanding of the current haemophilia care landscape across europe.
retained activity of btk-t474 partially rescued cell migration from inhibition by dasatinib.
background : falls are a leading cause of preventable hospitalizations from long-term care facilities ( ltcfs ) .
polypharmacy and falls-risk medications are potentially modifiable risk factors for falling.
objective : this study investigated whether polypharmacy and falls-risk medications are associated with fall-related hospital admissions from ltcfs compared with hospital admissions for other causes.
methods : this was a hospital-based , case-control study of patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized from ltcfs.
cases were patients with falls and fall-related injuries , and controls were patients admitted for infections.
falls-risk should be considered when prescribing medications that can cause orthostatic hypotension.
recently , phosphorylation of h2a.x was proposed as a sensitive biomarker of aging.
this study investigated if phosphorylation of h2a.x in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) is associated with cardiometabolic risk in nondiabetic individuals.
both chronological and stress-induced accelerated aging are associated with cellular senescence and accompanied by marked increases in pai-1 expression in tissues.
recent studies suggest that pai-1 is not only a marker but also a key mediator of cellular senescence and organismal aging.
the brain has long been known as a dimorphic organ and as a target of sex steroids.
it is also a site for their synthesis.
sex steroids in numerous ways can modify cerebral physiology , and along with many processes adult neurogenesis is also modulated by sex steroids.
therefore , the effects of gonadal hormones on the aging brain are important to consider.
the review will also be expanded to related molecules which are agonists to the nuclear receptors.
background : enhanced platelet activation has been implicated in several pathophysiological processes.
biological reproducibility of biomarker levels over time and associations with routine biochemistry parameters were assessed by spearman's correlation coefficients.
the number of elderly patients with chronic pruritus has been gradually increasing in aging countries.
we hypothesized that chronic eczematous dermatitis in patients with neurodegenerative diseases may be an early marker of bullous pemphigoid.
by conducting retrospective chart review , we found neurodegenerative diseases are more prevalent in elderly patients with chronic eczematous dermatitis.
the mean time delay between the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and onset of skin lesions is @number@.17years.
inter-discipline communication among neurology , dermatology and geriatrics / gerontology is required to tailor specific managements for elderly patients with pruritus and neurodegenerative diseases.
as with other organs endometrial functions are altered with the advancing age.
age related decrease in reproductive functions leads to decline in the number of oocytes retrieved and the synthesis of endometrial receptivity molecules.
despite the significant improvement in assisted reproductive technologies we do not have so many options to enhance endometrial receptivity.
due to lack of drugs having endometrium receptivity enhancement properties , oocyte donation seems to be the only solution for women with implantation failure.
the euploid oocytes come from young and healthy donors may overcome age associated endometrial receptivity defect.
nevertheless , many reasons restrict us from using oocyte donation in women with implantation failure.
artificial beads , mi or gv oocytes , and empty zona can be used as a container for intrauterine replacement of implantation-promoting compounds.
plasma apoe did not predict clinical progression.
we hypothesize csf apoe4 increases risk of clinical progression through its association with csf tau in apoeε4 carriers.
development of alzheimer's disease in apoeε4 noncarriers may be unrelated to apoe concentration.
the pathophysiology of primary progressive aphasias remains poorly understood.
semantic variant patients had relatively reduced activation of caudate and anterior cingulate in response to increased entropy.
logopenic variant patients showed reduced activation of posterior superior temporal cortex to phonemic spectral structure.
in this article , @number@ more questions are presented as follows.
question 31 : how does aging process inhibit the formation of sarcoma ?
question 32 : is intratumoral morphological heterogeneity the consequence of tumor genomic instability or the cause of aggressive tumor behavior ?
can we identify more aggressive tumors by computationally analyzing the morphological heterogeneity of the tumor tissues ?
question 33 : how to pre-surgically differentiate irradiation-induced ulceration from cancerous ulceration ?
question 35 : can an epstein-barr virus vaccine be developed to reduce the incidence of ebv-related malignancies ?
question 36 : what is the unique feature in sarcoma vasculature that causes the intrinsic resistance of sarcoma against anti-angiogenic therapy ?
question 37 : how many ways can sarcoma cells protect themselves from the attacks of cytotoxic drugs ?
question 38 : how stable does the tumor heterogeneity remain along with cytotoxic chemotherapy ?
question 39 : how to generate a prognostic classifier for diffuse low-grade gliomas by integrating genetic and epigenetic signatures with histological features ?
there are multiple factors contributing to facial aging.
rejuvenation of the aging face , therefore , requires a multimodal approach to attain an overall natural and uniform result that is long lasting.
these modalities performed together offer the patient a comprehensive approach to attain a more attractive and youthful facial appearance.
the traditional rhytidectomy addresses facial and neck aging as it relates to soft tissue laxity.
in our practice we often address midface cheek hollowness or atrophy with the placement of submalar implants at the time of rhytidectomy.
in addition to midface volumetric rejuvenation , alloplastic chin implantation can help strengthen and further define a retrusive chin and weak jawline.
in this article we discuss technique , indications , and benefits of performing alloplastic augmentation as an adjunct to rhytidectomy.
purpose : microaneurysms are present in healthy old-age human retinas.
however , to date , no age-related pathogenic mechanism has been implicated in their formation.
methods : retinas were obtained from @number@ nondiabetic donors and from mice deficient in bmi1.
cellular senescence was analyzed by immunohistochemistry , senescent-associated β-galactosidase activity assay , sudan black b staining , conventional transmission electron microscopy , and immunoelectronmicroscopy.
results : neurons , but not neuroglia , and blood vessels undergo cellular senescence in the old-age human retina.
the canonical senescence markers p16 , p53 , and p21 were up-regulated and coexisted with apoptosis in old-age human microaneurysms.
although mouse retina is not prone to develop microaneurysms , bmi1-deficient mice presented abundant retinal microaneurysms.
conclusions : together , these results uncover cellular senescence as a player during the formation of microaneurysms in old-age human retinas.
background : gait characteristics measured at usual pace may allow profiling in patients with cognitive problems.
the influence of age , gender , leg length , modified speed or dual tasking is unclear.
four cognitive stages were studied : cognitively healthy individuals , mild cognitive impaired patients , mild dementia patients and advanced dementia patients.
conclusion : gait parameters in multiple walking conditions adjusted for age , gender and leg length showed a significant association with cognitive impairment.
this study suggested that multifactorial gait analysis could be more informative than using gait analysis with only one test or one variable.
using this type of gait analysis in clinical practice could facilitate screening for cognitive impairment.
here we report an in-depth analysis of pol ν-defective mice and human cells.
poln is very weakly expressed in most tissues , with the highest relative expression in testis.
we constructed multiple mouse models for poln disruption and detected no anatomic abnormalities , alterations in lifespan , or changed causes of mortality.
mice with inactive poln are fertile and have normal testis morphology.
however , pol ν-disrupted mice have a modestly reduced crossover frequency at a meiotic recombination hot spot harboring insertion / deletion polymorphisms.
these polymorphisms are suggested to generate a looped-out primer and a hairpin structure during recombination , substrates on which pol ν can operate.
inactivation of poln in mouse embryonic fibroblasts did not alter cellular sensitivity to mitomycin c , cisplatin , or aldehydes.
our results suggest a function of pol ν in meiotic homologous recombination in processing specific substrates.
the restricted and more recent evolutionary appearance of pol ν ( in comparison to pol θ ) supports such a specialized role.
the corticospinal pathway is the major pathway connecting the brain with the muscles and is therefore highly relevant for movement control and motor learning.
there exists a number of noninvasive electrophysiological methods investigating the excitability and plasticity of this pathway.
here , we present a method that allows testing excitability of different fractions of the corticospinal transmission.
this so called h-reflex conditioning technique allows one to assess excitability of the fastest ( monosynaptic ) and also polysynaptic corticospinal pathways.
here we demonstrate that not only cortical cells are affected by this repetitive stimulation but also transmission at the corticomotoneuronal synapse at the spinal level.
this finding is important for the understanding of basic mechanisms and sites of neuroplasticity.
intermediate filaments ( ifs ) , together with actin filaments and microtubules , form the cytoskeleton - a critical structural element of every cell.
post-translational modifications ( ptms ) critically regulate if dynamics in response to physiological changes and under stress conditions.
we further demonstrate an optimized protocol for rapid isolation of if proteins by using lysing matrix and automated homogenization of different mouse tissues.
the resulting samples can be utilized for various downstream analyses , including mass spectrometry-based ptm profiling.
episodic memory is a complex memory system which allows recall and mental re-experience of previous episodes from one's own life.
real-life episodic memories are about events in their spatiotemporal context and are typically visuospatial , rather than verbal.
yet often , tests of episodic memory use verbal material to be recalled ( word lists , stories ) .
the pharmacological management of pain includes the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) .
they comprise traditional ( t ) nsaids and selective cyclooxygenase ( cox ) -2 inhibitors ( named coxibs ) .
the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of nsaids are dependent on the extent and duration of cox-2 inhibition in the spinal cord and inflammatory sites.
however , the simultaneous inhibition of cox-2 in the vasculature translates into a prothrombotic phenotype and promotes hypertension and heart failure.
expert opinion : tnsaids and coxibs may increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke.
the reduction of the dose of nsaids may mitigate , but not avoid , the risk of cv adverse effects.
participants reported strategy use ( e.g. , rote repetition , imagery ) after each test.
it is hypothesized that these effects are reflective of social-comparison processes and self-protective mechanisms.
into late life , the pattern reverses but shows clear differences from early life.
lifetime variability is dominantly driven by associative change in the least well-connected words.
deletion of sgf73 dramatically extends replicative lifespan ( rls ) in yeast.
of @number@ sgf73 binding sites , @number@ correspond to @number@ regions of genes implicated in rls extension , including @number@ genes encoding rps.
we also found that sgf73δ mutants display altered acetylation of ifh1 , an important regulator of rp gene transcription.
these findings implicate altered ribosomal protein expression in sgf73δ yeast rls and highlight altered acetylation as a pathway of relevance for sca7 neurodegeneration.
in the early stages of the disease , the patient exhibited gait disturbance with ataxia and dysarthria as well as gradual appearance of cognitive dysfunction.
diffusion-weighted images ( dwi ) on mri revealed extensive cerebral cortical hyperintensity.
pathologic investigation revealed extensive spongiform change in the cerebral cortex , particularly in the deeper layers.
vacuole size varied , and some were confluent.
in the cerebral cortex , synaptic-type , kuru plaque-like , and coarse plaque-type prp depositions were mainly observed , along with some perivacuolar-type prp depositions.
kuru plaques and coarse plaque-type prp depositions also were observed in the cerebellar cortex.
prp gene analysis revealed no mutations , and polymorphic codon @number@ exhibited met / val heterozygosity.
controls were matched to cases on age , date of serum collection and follow-up time.
one-carbon nutrient concentrations were measured in fasting serum samples collected at baseline ( up to @number@ years prior to cancer diagnosis ) .
odds ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
in contrast , pepsinogen i , a known serologic marker of gastric atrophy , was not associated with ncga in this population.
none : a country-specific frax model has been developed for the ukraine to replace the austrian model hitherto used.
comparison of the austrian and ukrainian models indicated that the former markedly overestimated fracture probability whilst correctly stratifying risk.
introduction : frax has been used to estimate osteoporotic fracture risk since @number@
rather than using a surrogate model , the austrian version of frax was adopted for clinical practice.
since then , data have become available on hip fracture incidence in the ukraine.
methods : the incidence of hip fracture was computed from three regional estimates and used to construct a country-specific frax model for the ukraine.
the ukrainian version , however , gave markedly lower probabilities than the austrian model at all ages.
for a major osteoporotic fracture , the median probability was lower by @percent@ at age @number@ years and the difference increased with age.
at the age of @number@ @number@ and @number@ years , the median value was lower by @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
similar findings were observed for men and for hip fracture.
conclusion : the ukrainian frax model should enhance accuracy of determining fracture probability among the ukrainian population and help to guide decisions about treatment.
infection rate of tinea pedis is high in the elderly , wherein treatment by a dermatologist should be considered to prevent infecting their family members.
about @number@ percent of cases with tinea pedis is treated only using external preparations.
contact dermatitis is the most frequent side effect of external preparations.
caution should also be taken for the type of additives used.
the composition of the preparation should be checked when changing dosage forms , or when switching brand-name drugs to generic drugs.
the number of elderly patients with hematologic malignancies has been steadily increasing with the aging of society.
however , little research has been conducted to evaluate the prescription status of drugs for such diseases in japan.
we also found that recent drug development in hematological malignancies has focused on molecular-targeted agents.
these results suggest that drug development should be directed toward anti-tumor agents in hematological malignancies that can help maintain and improve patients ' qol.
objective : brown adipose tissue ( bat ) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target against obesity and its related metabolic conditions.
data from studies in rodents support a cross talk between bat and other distal tissues.
the relation between bat and peptide hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal system ( gi ) and involved in appetite regulation is not known in humans.
design : we studied @number@ men during thermoneutral conditions and mild non-shivering cold exposure ( ce ) .
we also discuss how aging processes and physiological changes in our body are reflected in adaptations of activity in the spinal cord motor circuitries.
there are thus plenty of possibilities for adaptive changes in the spinal motor circuitries both early and late in life.
background : accurate estimation of prognosis in multimorbid hospital patients could improve quality of care.
methods : @number@ inpatients , aged over @number@ years , were recruited at the department of general internal medicine at a tertiary university hospital.
the relative importance of gbs-adl was evaluated in the full model.
implementing quantitative adl measurements could enable more appropriate and individual care for the elderly.
following immunohistochemistry , cyp11b2-expressing area and areas of abnormal foci of cyp11b2-expressing cells , called aldosterone-producing cell clusters , were analyzed.
this histopathologic finding parallels an age-related autonomous aldosteronism and abnormal aldosterone physiology that provides @number@ potential explanation for age-related cardiovascular risk.
mammalian target of rapamycin complex @number@ ( mtorc1 ) and cell senescence are intimately linked to each other and to organismal aging.
enhanced mtorc1 activity drives characteristic phenotypes of senescence , although the underlying mechanisms responsible for increased activity are not well understood.
further , increased autophagy and high levels of intracellular amino acids may act to support mtorc1 activity in starvation conditions.
interventions to correct these phenotypes restore sensitivity to the mtorc1 signaling pathway and cause death , indicating that persistent signaling supports senescent cell survival.
promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets ( of @number@ or @number@ t2d case and @number@ or @number@ control subjects ) .
based on these findings , we hypothesized that tnmd might be an important factor in the functional performance of tendons.
background : with the aging of the population in taiwan , the financial burden of stroke on the healthcare system is expected to rise.
methods : adult patients hospitalized for first-ever ischemic stroke between @number@ and @number@ were identified from a nationwide administrative database.
the study period was divided into 1-year intervals.
the cuzick test and the cochran-armitage test were used to determine the significance of changes over time.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( mean age @number@.3years , female @percent@ ) were hospitalized.
the proportion of patients taking antihypertensive or antidiabetic medication prior to stroke decreased , whereas the proportion of patients taking lipid lowering medication increased.
adherence to the five selected performance measures significantly improved.
conclusions : despite the rising prevalence of vascular risk factors , improved adherence to stroke performance measures was accompanied by better stroke outcomes.
thus , we investigated factors that affect csf lactate levels in neurodegenerative diseases.
these patients had been admitted to our department and underwent a csf examination between @date@ and @date@ .
data from @number@ patients ( average age @number@.5years ; @number@ males and @number@ females ) were analyzed.
the patients ' diagnoses included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , multiple system atrophy , spinocerebellar degeneration , corticobasal syndrome , parkinson's disease , and huntington's disease.
age and csf glucose levels influenced csf lactate levels even after adjusting for gender , age , csf protein levels , and csf glucose levels.
when investigating csf lactate levels in neurodegenerative diseases , it is necessary to consider patients ' age and csf glucose levels.
this analysis brings \ "aging with disability \ " into middle and older ages.
two complementary approaches are used to identify persons with persistent disability , one based directly on observed data and the other on latent classes.
people with persistent disability have social and health disadvantages compared to people with other longitudinal experiences.
the analysis integrates two research avenues , aging with disability and disability trajectories.
multilevel models showed the patterns of daily time use did not differ by caregiver types.
age did not moderate the associations between caregiver types and daily experiences.
findings highlight the important consideration of the caregivers ' characteristics to better determine the quality of their daily experiences in midlife and late adulthood.
data reported here compare the health and health-care utilization of the general aging population in ireland with those who are aging with id.
setting : tilda participants were community dwelling only while ids-tilda participants were drawn from community and institutional settings.
participants : tilda consists of a sample of @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and older who were representative of the irish population.
the ids-tilda consists of a random sample of @number@ persons aged @number@ and older.
measurements : both studies gathered self-reported data on physical and mental health , behavioral health , functional limitations , and health-care utilization.
results : rates of chronic disease appeared higher overall for people with id as compared to the general population.
there were higher utilization levels among ids-tilda participants for allied health and general practitioner visits.
conclusion : different disease trajectories found among ids-tilda participants raise concerns.
group status was not associated with hsa or unmet needs.
among mmc enrollees , better health and more positive mmc processes related to higher hsa and lower unmet needs.
it is important to consider the perspectives of people aging with disabilities in mmc to better serve their needs.
importance : pigmented facial macules on photodamaged skin are a clinical , dermoscopic , and histopathologic challenge.
sixty-one patients with @number@ ambiguous pigmented facial macules and @number@ control photodamaged facial areas were included in the study.
dermoscopic , rcm images , and histopathologic preparations were systematically evaluated for the presence of lentigo maligna ( lm ) criteria.
confocal evaluation was blinded to clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis.
sensitivity and specificity of rcm for lm diagnosis and κ value to establish correlations between dermoscopy , rcm , and histopathology were performed.
main outcomes and measures : sensitivity and specificity of rcm for lm diagnosis.
reflectance confocal microscopy enhanced the diagnosis of pigmented facial macules with @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ specificity.
continuous proliferation of atypical melanocytes was found in @number@ ( @percent@ ) lm or lmm and in @number@ ( @percent@ ) benign lesions.
asymmetric pigmented follicular openings by dermoscopy correlated with follicular localization of pagetoid cells by rcm ( κ = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : reflectance confocal microscopy improves lm diagnosis in photodamaged skin with good histopathologic correlation although false-positive and false-negative cases exist.
false-positives obtained with rcm in photodamaged skin are due to the presence of basal melanocyte hyperplasia and intraepidermal langerhans cells.
histopathologic features of these lesions sometimes are not enough for a definite diagnosis and immunohistochemical studies may be required.
motions performed were recorded using the kinect sensor.
three different exercises embedded in the games were used to assess upper limb , trunk and lower limb control.
the trial duration and accuracy , measures of gross motor function and fine motor control , respectively , were computed for each participant.
the proposed solution , i.e. serious games rehabilitation exercises coupled to motion analysis , seems to be an interesting tool to assess global motor function.
further studies are needed to study the influence of pathologies on the studied parameters.
elders ( n = @number@ ) were compared on the barriers to being physically active quiz after participating in a pilot physical activity trial.
at the conclusion of the 6-week trial , only the lack of willpower subscale significantly decreased.
the low-barrier group reported significantly higher physical activity engagement and improved mental health quality of life than the high-barrier group.
the groups did not differ on daily step counts or 6-minute walk performance.
the sociodemographic profiles of different segments of the brazilian population have been the object of multiple inter-census comparisons.
the study emphasizes the need for more in-depth research focusing on specificities and backing the evaluation and implementation of public policies for the indigenous population.
background : demand for collagen-based fillers has declined primarily because of limited long-term clinical benefit and the introduction of hyaluronic acid compositions.
results : of the subjects had signs of hypersensitivity and all continued in phase ii.
the treating physician ( s ) reported no post-treatment adverse events.
conclusion : in this pilot clinical study in situ polymerizing collagen was shown to be safe and effective throughout the 3-month study period.
life history theory links human physical and sexual development to longevity.
however , there have been no studies on the association of intellectual development with longevity.
during cell senescence , nuclear alterations also involving ne architecture are widely described.
little is known about the cellular pathogenesis of frda in cardiomyocytes.
induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) were derived from three frda individuals with characterized gaa repeats.
the cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes to assess phenotypes.
frda ipsc- cardiomyocytes retained low levels of frataxin ( fxn ) mrna and protein.
electrophysiology revealed an increased variation of frda- cardiomyocyte beating rates which was prevented by addition of nifedipine , suggestive of a calcium handling deficiency.
finally , calcium imaging was performed and we identified small amplitude , diastolic and systolic calcium transients confirming a deficiency in calcium handling.
we defined a robust frda cardiac-specific electrophysiological profile in patient-derived ipscs which could be used for high throughput compound screening.
this cell-specific signature will contribute to the identification and screening of novel treatments for this life-threatening disease.
objectives : we examined the associations between birth weight and intelligence at @number@ different adult ages.
methods : the copenhagen perinatal cohort is comprised of children born in copenhagen from @number@ to @number@
information on birth weight and ≥1 tests of intelligence was available for @number@ members of the cohort.
the association was stable from young adulthood into midlife , and not weaker at age @number@ years.
conclusions : the association between birth weight and intelligence is stable from young adulthood into midlife.
introduction : myofiber type grouping is a histological hallmark of age-related motor unit remodeling.
despite the accepted concept that denervation-reinnervation events lead to myofiber type grouping , the completeness of those conversions remains unknown.
grouped and ungrouped type i myofibers were evaluated for phenotypic differences.
discussion : grouped type i myofibers retain type ii characteristics suggesting that conversion during denervation-reinnervation events is either progressive or incomplete.
muscle nerve 57 : e52-e59 , @number@
the concepts of quality and value have become ubiquitous in discussions about health care , including cancer care.
despite their prominence , these concepts remain difficult to encapsulate , with multiple definitions and frameworks emerging over the past few decades.
defining quality and value for the care of older adults with cancer can be particularly challenging.
older adults are heterogeneous and often excluded from clinical trials , severely limiting generalizable data for this population.
background : the impact of multiple healthy lifestyle factors on survival time is unclear.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine differences in survival time associated with a healthy lifestyle versus a less healthy lifestyle.
cox proportional hazards regression models and laplace regression were used to estimate , respectively , hazard ratios of all-cause mortality and differences in survival time.
each of the four healthy lifestyle factors was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and increased survival time.
conclusion : adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours may markedly increase lifespan.
here , a 3d-printed anthropomorphic brain phantom with attachable striata in three sizes was designed to enable controlled volumetric changes.
comparing multiple reconstruction algorithms we found that a high-resolution ordered-subsets maximization algorithm with spatially variant point-spread function resolution modeling provided the most accurate data.
associations between frailty and physical-functional fitness ( pff ) indicators in frail women over @number@ years of age remain largely unexplored.
this study analyzed the relationship between frailty syndrome ( fs ) and pff indicators and assessed how the latter might predict the former.
participants were @number@ elderly women ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) recruited from four social and healthcare centers.
pff was assessed through muscle strength tests of upper and lower limbs , endurance , agility-dynamic balance , flexibility , and body composition.
the following fs indicators were assessed : weight loss , exhaustion , weakness , slowness , and low physical activity level.
significant correlations were found between fs and endurance , agility-dynamic balance , upper and lower limbs muscle strength tests.
comparitive analyses also revealed that , among fs groups , the frail subgroup performed significantly poorer on all pff measures except body composition.
accurately , the risk of frail condition ( not pre-frail ) increases about @percent@ per second spent in this test.
thus , the agility-dynamic balance test is a promising tool for screening institutionalized older people for risk of fs.
this was a randomized controlled trial including @number@ overweight / obese adults with type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) and osa.
participants were randomized to an ili targeted to weight loss or a diabetes support and education ( dse ) control group.
mean baseline values of rem-ahi were significantly higher than nrem-ahi in both groups.
both rem-ahi and nrem-ahi were reduced significantly more in ili versus dse , but these differences were attenuated slightly after adjustment for weight changes.
compared to control , the ili reduced rem-ahi and nrem-ahi during the 4-year follow-up.
weight , as opposed to rem-ahi and nrem-ahi , was related to changes in hba1c.
stiffening of the proximal aorta is strongly associated with age and hypertension.
the detrimental effects of aortic stiffening may result in brain damage as well as heart failure.
the resulting cerebral small vessel disease and heart failure may contribute to early cognitive decline and ( vascular ) dementia.
specialized magnetic resonance imaging techniques are explored for diagnosing preclinical changes in white matter integrity or brain microvascular pulsatility.
however , the mechanism by which er stress affects immunity remains poorly understood.
in addition , fgf21 also acts directly through its coreceptor β-klotho in the brain to alter light-dark cycle activity.
we also discuss the potentially exciting role of fgf21 in improving our health and prolonging our life span.
despite intensive investigations , mechanisms of liver cancer are not known.
the translational activity of cugbp1 is activated by dephosphorylation at ser302.
to test the role of gank in degradation of cugbp1 , we generated mice with liver-specific deletion of gank.
in these mice , the tumor suppressor isoform of cugbp1 is protected from gank-mediated degradation.
consistent with reduction of cugbp1 in animal models , cugbp1 is reduced in patients with pediatric liver cancer.
hypertension and increased vascular stiffness are viewed as inevitable parts of aging.
ed clinicians need easy tools for delirium detection.
we aimed to test the performance criteria of the modified richmond agitation sedation scale ( mrass ) in identifying delirium in older ed patients.
reference standard delirium diagnosis was based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm-iv-tr ) criteria , and was established by geriatricians.
performance criteria were computed.
analyses were repeated in the subsamples of patients with and without dementia.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had delirium and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had dementia.
conclusion : the sensitivity of the mrass to detect delirium in older ed patients was low , especially in patients with dementia.
therefore its usefulness as a stand-alone screening tool is limited.
aging is associated with cognitive and sensory decline.
furthermore , we examined whether sensory-related cognitive decline depends on cognitive demands and on the sensory modality used for assessment.
as most cognitive aging studies have not taken sensory acuity into account , age-related cognitive decline may have been overestimated.
our previous study has identified new c-geranylated flavanones with obvious anti-proliferative effects in lung cancer a549 cells.
in the present study , a new c-geranylated flavone , paucatalinone c ( @number@ ) and five known c-geranylated flavanones ( 2-6 ) were isolated.
the satisfaction with food-related life ( swfl ) scale measures a person's overall assessment regarding their food and eating habits.
therefore , we evaluated the measurement invariance of the swfl scale across older adults from chile and ecuador.
participants reported their levels of satisfaction with food-related life by completing the swfl scale , which consists of five items grouped into a single dimension.
confirmatory factor analysis ( cfa ) was used to examine cross-cultural measurement invariance of the swfl scale.
the lack of invariance in item @number@ confirms previous studies with adults and emerging adults in chile that suggest this item is culture-sensitive.
we recommend revising the wording of the first item of the swfl in order to relate the statement with the person's life.
conclusions : the swfl scale shows partial measurement invariance across older adults from chile and ecuador.
we used national and texas medicare claims , minimum data set ( mds ) , and texas medicaid data from 2011-2013.
we validated each method against texas @number@ medicare-medicaid linked data for those with dual eligibility.
conclusions : using both medicare and mds data to identify ltc stays will lead to more accurate attribution of cms nursing home quality indicators.
a voxel-level hierarchical clustering approach was used to obtain the main clustering partitions corresponding to the cortical distribution maps of 18f-t807 and 11c-pib.
hierarchical relationships between areas of distinctive pathologic deposits were then studied.
using cerebellar gray reference , 18f-t807 data were expressed as standardized uptake value ratio , and 11c-pib were given as distribution volume ratio.
main outcomes and measures : main in vivo and hierarchically organized tau and aβ deposits in the elderly brain.
the tau and aβ maps both displayed optimal cortical partitions at @number@ clusters.
moreover , tau deposits in the temporal lobe and distributed heteromodal areas were tightly nested.
these findings represent systematic , large-scale mechanisms of early ad pathology.
as scientific evidence has shown , individuals who have the lowest level of involvement in social relationships face a greater mortality risk.
support systems , however , are not infallible.
relationship stress can have a negative impact on people-patient and caregiver alike-behaviorally , psychosocially , and physiologically.
we enrolled @number@ patients diagnosed with clinical early ( international federation of gynecology and obstetrics stages i-ii ) type i endometrial cancer.
we examined the effect of hsoa on hospitalization and emergency department ( ed ) treatment , and estimated the potential cost savings.
study design : decision-tree analysis.
a monte carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis assigned appropriate distributions to all input parameters and evaluated model results over @number@ iterations.
the model included all ed and hospitalization episodes rather than just episodes linked to falls.
hsoa participants had less hospital care when matched for falls status.
results were confirmed in monte carlo simulations ( $ 3164 vs $ 3882 , savings of $ 718 ) .
conclusions : the savings of $ 718 to $ 840 per person is comparable to reports from other falls prevention economic evaluations.
the advantages of hsoa include its statewide reach and integration with county aging services.
implicit association tests ( iats ) are increasingly used to indirectly assess people's traits , attitudes , or other characteristics.
as cognitive abilities change with age , questions arise concerning the usage and interpretation of iats for people of different age.
substantial iat scores and quad processes except guessing varied with age.
quad processes ac and d predicted d2-scores of the content-specific iat.
importantly , the effects of cognitive abilities and quad processes on iat scores were not significantly moderated by participants ' age.
we offer further insight into how d-scoring controls for method effects in iats and what iat scores capture in addition to implicit representations of characteristics.
this study used prospective data from @number@ adults , @number@ to @number@ years old , collected over a 12-year-period from the health and retirement study.
considering the empirical proposition that several physical and mental trajectories may exist , latent class growth modeling was used.
early life adversity was related to an increasing risk of declines in physical and mental health.
the persistently high comorbid class was characterized by a concentration of disadvantages over the life course.
the development of public health interventions could help reduce co-existing physical and mental health problems , especially during late middle-age.
physical fitness was analyzed objectively using the exernet test battery.
cluster analyses were used to establish behavioral patterns , combining pa and sb.
results : males spent more time doing regular pa but less time walking and working at home than females ( p < @number@ ) .
agility was highest in the active and low sedentary group ( p < @number@ ) .
no significant differences were observed in females.
it could facilitate the work of public health authorities , researchers , and physicians.
older adults universally suffer from sarcopenia and approximately 60-70% are diabetic or prediabetic.
nonetheless , the mechanisms underlying these aging-related metabolic disorders are unknown.
we tested the hypothesis that lifelong inhibition of the classical nfκb pathway would protect against aging-related sarcopenia and insulin resistance.
aged mice with muscle-specific overexpression of a super-repressor iκbα mutant ( misr ) were protected from insulin resistance.
we conclude that the mechanism behind aging-induced sarcopenia is nfκb independent and differs from muscle wasting due to pathologic conditions.
this causes a loss of strength and flexibility within the vaginal wall.
both vaginal laxity and urinary incontinence significantly affect patients ' quality of life ( qol ) .
the treatment course consisted of three once-a-week sessions.
each session included intravaginal treatment followed by treatment of labia majora and the perineum.
improvement in the sui condition was evaluated by applying the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire - urinary incontinence short form ( iciq-ui sf ) .
data were collected at the baseline , after the last treatment and at 1-month follow-up visit.
vaginal laxity was assessed by subjective vulvo-vaginal laxity questionnaire ( vvlq ) .
data were collected before the 1st treatment and during the 1-month follow-up visit.
patient's satisfaction was recorded using a satisfaction questionnaire.
data were collected after the last treatment and at the 1-month follow-up visit.
any adverse events related to the treatments were monitored.
all results are statistically significant ( p < .05 ) .
no adverse events were recorded.
of the subjects reported dissatisfaction.
conclusion : the study confirmed the monopolar radiofrequency method as an effective and safe treatment of sui and vulvo-vaginal laxity.
the treatments were well tolerated by all subjects with no adverse effects.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : two academic medical centers.
participants : adults aged @number@ and older undergoing major noncardiac surgery ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : plasma crp was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
delirium was assessed from confusion assessment method ( cam ) interviews and chart review.
delirium duration was measured according to number of hospital days with delirium.
delirium feature severity was defined as the sum of cam-severity ( cam-s ) scores on all postoperative hospital days.
conclusion : high preoperative and pod2 crp were independently associated with delirium incidence , duration , and feature severity.
crp may be useful to identify individuals who are at risk of developing delirium.
objectives : to prioritize research topics relevant to the care of the growing population of older adults with multiple chronic conditions ( mccs ) .
design : survey of experts in mcc practice , research , and policy.
topics were derived from white papers , funding announcements , or funded research projects relating to older adults with mccs.
participants : individuals affiliated with the hcsrn or oaics and national mcc experts , including individuals affiliated with funding agencies having mcc-related grant portfolios.
the treatment of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and of end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) imposes substantial societal costs.
expenditure is highest for renal replacement therapy ( rrt ) , especially in-hospital haemodialysis.
redirection towards less expensive forms of rrt ( peritoneal dialysis , home haemodialysis ) or kidney transplantation should decrease financial pressure.
even if patients with ckd or esrd could be given the least expensive therapies , costs would decrease only marginally.
we therefore propose a consistent and sustainable approach focusing on prevention.
before a preventive strategy is favoured , however , authorities should carefully analyse the cost to benefit ratio of each strategy.
nephrologists need to collaborate closely with other sectors and governments , to reach these aims.
mapping of the location of aging people and identification of their needs can be extremely valuable from a social-economic point of view.
participants in this study were @number@ randomly selected adults from talca city , chile aged 60-74 at baseline.
geographic information systems ( gis ) analyses were performed using arcgis software through its module spatial autocorrelation.
in this study , we demonstrated that elderly people show geographic clustering according to above-norm results of anthropometric measurements and blood chemistry.
a sample included @number@ males and @number@ females who had participated in a chuvashian skeletal aging study.
age , sex , basic demographics , anthropometric data and x-rays of both hands were collected.
oss is a skeletal biomarker that comprises osteoporotic and osteoarthritic changes observable on a hands x-ray.
the mean age of males in the studies sample was @number@ ± @time@ mean age females was @number@ ± @number@
nevertheless , the role of tumor suppressor p53 in the mechanism action of fucoidan remains unclear.
our results showed that inhibition of cell viability , induction of apoptosis and dna damage by treatment with fucoidan were similar in two cell lines.
these events also commonly occurred in both cell lines , suggesting that fucoidan triggered g1 arrest and apoptosis in hct116 cells by a p53-independent mechanism.
influenced by a special local environment , the proportion of centenarians is particularly high in some places , known as \ "blue zones \ ".
blue zones are mysterious regions that continue to attract research.
this paper explores the spatial distribution of the longevity population in a typical chinese longevity region.
longevity evaluation indexes are used to analyze the longevity phenomenon in @number@ towns between @number@ and @number@
our research findings show that longevity is more important than birth rate and migration in shaping the degree of deep aging in the research region.
fluctuations in the proportion of centenarians are much higher than for nonagenarians , both in relation to towns and to years.
gis analysis revealed a stable longevity zone located in the center of the research region.
human vision , however , develops well beyond the first few years.
previously , we found prolonged development of some gabaergic proteins in human @date@ pinto et al. , @number@ ) .
to address this question , we used western blotting of postmortem tissue from human @date@ female , @number@ male ) covering a range of ages.
we also identified young childhood as a stage of heightened interindividual variability.
periodontal ligament stem cells ( pdlscs ) are promising tools for the investigations of cell differentiation and bone regeneration.
however , the limited life span significantly restricts their usefulness.
in this study , we established an immortalized pdlsc cell line by the introduction of bmi1 ( pdlsc-bmi1 ) .
several genes related to cell cycle , cell replication and stemness were found to be changed with the overexpression of bmi1.
using the pdlsc-bmi1 , we confirmed the promotive effect of naringin on osteogenesis.
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) is expressed ubiquitously throughout the body.
thus , while respiratory manifestations dominate much of cystic fibrosis ( cf ) care , there are prominent multi-organ manifestations and comorbidities.
in the general population , the number of comorbidities increases with aging.
this review gives an overview of the traditional cf associated comorbidities and those emerging in an aging adult cohort.
where evidence is available for the impact of cftr modulatory therapy , namely ivacaftor on comorbidities in cf , this is highlighted.
previous genetic studies in the general population have identified multiple genes that are associated with ad.
snps in mark4 were marginally associated with ad.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after alzheimer's disease.
the prevalence of pd increases with age.
management of symptoms of pd in older patients is challenging because of possible existence of several age-related systemic illness.
while dealing with older patients , it is crucial not to attribute all the physical symptoms to pd.
thorough evaluation for existence of diseases such as normal pressure hydrocephalus and vascular parkinsonism which partially mimic the symptoms of pd carries immense importance.
medical management of parkinsonian symptoms should be preferred with levodopa monotherapy.
however , in patients with significant motor fluctuations , dopaminergic agents may be added with caution , as they are notorious for several adverse reactions.
nonmotor symptoms must be provided high importance as they substantially worsen the quality of life.
in addition to parkinsonian symptoms , older patients with pd may need to undergo surgery for several conditions.
meticulous perioperative management is crucial as older patients with pd may face several surgery-related complications compared to the younger patients.
compliance to treatment is an important issue in old age.
hence multidisciplinary approach to management of pd in older patients should be emphasized.
methods : medline , psychinfo , embase and the cochrane database were searched for english language studies.
the remaining studies consisted of prospective observational studies , a retrospective cohort study , a case-control study and five non-randomised control trials.
objective : smoking is the leading preventable cause of death among individuals with mental health difficulties ( mhd ) .
a number of variables were employed to identify individuals with mhd , including prescribed medication , self-reported diagnoses and self-report scales.
smoking did not mediate and rarely moderated associations between mhd and smoking-related disease.
conclusions : older adults in ireland with mhd are more likely to smoke than those without such difficulties.
they also experience higher rates of smoking-related disease , although smoking had no mediating and no consistent moderating role in these analyses.
findings underscore the need for attention to the physical health of those with mhd including support in smoking cessation.
before leaving the house , it is a good idea to check for road closures that may affect the morning commute.
otherwise , one may encounter significant delays arriving at the destination.
such is the case for the dna replisome responsible for copying the genetic information that provides the recipe of life.
when the replication machinery encounters a dna roadblock , the outcome can be devastating if the obstacle is not overcome in an efficient manner.
fortunately , the cell's dna synthesis apparatus can bypass certain dna obstructions , but the mechanism ( s ) are still poorly understood.
objectives few epidemiological studies have examined whether associations of psychosocial working conditions with risk of poor health differ by age.
methods we extracted two cohorts from the danish work environment cohort study ( dwecs ) : the 2000-2005 and 2005-2010 cohorts.
the participating @number@ employees with good self-rated health ( srh ) at baseline were observed in @number@ 5-year time windows.
using log-binomial regression analyses , we analysed whether psychosocial factors at work predicted 5-year deterioration of srh.
effect modification by age was estimated by calculating relative excess risk due to interaction ( reri ) .
conclusions psychosocial working conditions predicted decline in srh in this 5-year follow-up study.
the model did not support our hypotheses about modifying effects by age.
background : this systematic literature review is aimed at investigating applications of direct-to-consumer hearing devices for adults with hearing loss.
method : a literature review was conducted using ebscohost and included the databases cinahl , medline , and psycinfo.
after applying prior agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria , @number@ reports were included in the review.
results : included studies fell into three domains : @number@ ) electroacoustic characteristics , @number@ ) consumer surveys , and @number@ ) outcome evaluations.
studies on outcome evaluation suggest positive outcomes of otc devices in the elderly population.
of note , otc outcomes appear better when a hearing health care professional supports these users.
research of direct-to-consumer hearing devices is limited , and current published studies are of weak quality.
much effort is needed to understand the benefits and limitations of such devices on people with hearing loss.
physical activity ( pa ) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders , including sarcopenia.
the positive influence of pa interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions.
methods : ten seniors ( 74-90 years of age ) were trained to become peer educators and mentors and deliver the intervention.
knowledge was assessed at baseline and @number@ months.
results : knowledge of osteoporosis did not change significantly.
this model was effective for improving osteoporosis risk assessment , diagnosis , and treatment in a community setting.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the leading cause of dementia , affecting approximately @number@ million people worldwide.
aging is the main risk factor associated with ad.
drug discovery based on nutraceutical molecules for prevention and treatment of ad is a growing topic.
in this sense , carotenoids are phytochemicals present mainly in fruits and vegetables with reported benefits for human health.
in this research , the anti-amyloidogenic activity of three carotenoids , cryptocapsin , cryptocapsin-5 , 6-epoxide , and zeaxanthin , was assessed.
cryptocapsin showed the highest bioactivity , while cryptocapsin-5 , 6-epoxide and zeaxanthin exhibited similar activity on anti-aggregation assays.
background : frailty syndrome ( fs ) is an important problem in older persons.
it may develop concomitantly to many aging-related diseases , including arterial hypertension , and exerts detrimental effects on both their outcomes and treatment compliance.
objective : to analyze the effect of fs on treatment compliance in older hypertensive patients.
results : mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the study subjects were @number@ and @number@ mm hg , respectively.
mean time elapsed since the diagnosis of arterial hypertension was @number@ years.
fs was diagnosed in @percent@ of the study subjects.
mean global score of the hill-bone high blood pressure compliance scale was @number@ points.
dry eye disease ( ded ) is a common disease that can impair quality of life significantly.
the diagnosis and treatment of ded are often difficult due to the discordance between symptoms and signs of the disease.
in this review , the authors discuss the association of ded with various psychiatric and neurological disorders.
neurological disorders , such as neuropathic pain , chronic pain syndrome , peripheral neuropathy and several central nervous system disorders , are related to ded.
treatment of ded , combined with psychiatric or neurological disorders , is also discussed.
however , direct measurements of muscle forces in vivo are not feasible.
muscle strength ( muscle torque / body mass ) was significantly greater for all ts components in @percent@ mvc contractions.
increased ta activation was observed in @percent@ of mvc for older people.
conclusions : despite the reduced maximum isometric torque and muscle strength , the results suggest small variations of ankle muscle synergies during the aging process.
bone mass decreases along with aging , especially for women after menopause because of lower estrogen secretion together with low calcium intake.
in conclusion , eggshell calcium was more effective in increasing bone mass than calcium carbonate in postmenopausal vietnamese women.
in this commentary , we discuss radiobiological issues arising from low-dose radiation exposure , from the cell-based to the population level.
in addition , fgf21 acts as a stress hormone induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunctions of mitochondria and autophagy in several tissues.
fgf21 also controls stress responses and metabolism by modulating the functions of somatotropic axis and ( hpa ) pathway.
fgf21 is a potent longevity factor coordinating interactions between energy metabolism and stress responses.
in addition , transgenic mice overexpressing fgf21 have an extended lifespan.
however , chronic metabolic and stress-related disorders involving inflammatory responses can provoke fgf21 resistance and thus disturb healthy aging process.
first , we will describe the role of fgf21 in interorgan energy metabolism and explain how its functions as a stress hormone can improve healthspan.
finally , we postulate that fgf21 resistance , similarly to insulin resistance , jeopardizes human healthspan and accelerates the aging process.
background & aims : intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by complex interactions among epithelial cells , commensal gut microorganisms , and immune cells.
moreover , sirt1 iko mice with defective gut microbiota developed more severe colitis than control mice.
intestinal tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis expressed significantly lower levels of sirt1 mrna than controls.
sirt1 might therefore be an important mediator of host-microbiome interactions.
agents designed to activate sirt1 might be developed as treatments for ibds.
higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use , co-infection with viral hepatitis and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia contribute as well.
pattern of diffusion tensor mri ( dti ) alterations were investigated in pathologically-staged alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients ( n = @number@ ) .
patients with antemortem dti studies and a range of ad pathology at autopsy were included.
the nft pathology of ad is associated with dti alterations involving the medial temporal limbic connections and medial parietal white matter.
this pattern of diffusion abnormalities is also associated with clinical disease severity.
mitochondria are the prime source of atp in cardiomyocytes.
impairment of mitochondrial metabolism results in damage to existing proteins and dna.
it is in complex iii and iv where these dysfunctional aspects are manifested.
in addition to its special organization , the mitochondrial network of cardiac myocytes exhibits substrate-sensitive coupling constants and clustering coefficients.
this underscores the relevance of quantitative methods to characterize the network's functional status as a way to assess the myocyte's resilience to pathological stressors.
we used an alternate age variable , functional biological age ( fbioage ) , which was based on performance on functional body measures.
subsequent analyses included sanger sequencing , in silico analyses , real-time pcr , and ccdc53 immunoblotting.
in silico analysis predicted structural changes in the n-terminus of capzα1 , which may interfere with capzα : capzβ dimerization.
moreover , a disease-causing c9orf72 repeat expansion mutation was later on identified in this patient.
methods : we undertook a prospective cohort study comparing cost and health care utilization outcomes between echo-ct facilities and matched comparisons from @date@ -december @number@
echo-ct may improve patient transitions to postacute care at lower overall cost.
family caregivers experience poorer physical and mental health than their non-caregiving counterparts.
web-based interventions can provide accessible support to family caregivers to offset declines in their health and well-being.
existing reviews focused on web-based interventions for caregivers have been limited to single illness populations and have mostly focused on the efficacy of the interventions.
we therefore have limited insight into how web-based interventions for family caregiver have been developed , implemented and evaluated across aging-related illness.
results : fifty-three publications representing @number@ unique web-based interventions were included.
studies used theory across the intervention trajectory.
depression and caregiver burden were the most common outcomes evaluated.
the interventions ranged in their impact on health and social outcomes but reductions in perception of caregiver burden were consistently observed.
conclusions : caregivers value interactive interventions that are tailored to their unique needs and the illness context.
however , usage of the interventions was sporadic and declined over time , indicating that future interventions should address stage-specific needs across the caregiving trajectory.
a systematic review has the potential to be conducted given the consistency in caregiver burden and depression as outcomes.
they spent @percent@ of waking time sedentary , primarily watching television.
differences between methods were not significant for the overall group or for stratified groups.
both methods showed significant correlation for weekday for the overall group.
significant differences in sedentary behaviours between stratified groups were only detected with the sensewear.
patients with severe mental illness had high levels of sedentary behaviours , with watching television being the most prevalently reported.
canadians ' health and its care continue to evolve.
chronic diseases affect more than @percent@ of our aging population , but the majority of public and professional stakeholders retain a sense of care quality.
an emergent issue , however , is generating an increasingly wide debate.
it is the concept of patient-centred care , including its definition of key components , and efficacy.
in terms of priority to actually implement enhanced patient-centred care options , timely access was universally dominant among all stakeholders.
low priorities , for both the public and professionals , were the actual measurements of patient-centred care delivery and its impact on outcomes.
things can be better.
the intent is to spread the ace strategy's elder-friendly models of care and practices to @number@ participating healthcare delivery organizations.
a key element of the ace collaborative is the inclusion of patient advisors as members of the @number@ teams.
to investigate the association between muscle fiber capillarization and indices of insulin sensitivity in healthy older adults.
changes in the dna information content through mutation generate diversity for evolution through natural selection but are also a source of deleterious effects.
it has since long been hypothesized that mutation accumulation in somatic cells of multicellular organisms could causally contribute to age-related cellular degeneration and death.
more recently , next-generation sequencing-based methods have been developed to accurately determine the complete landscape of base substitution mutations in single cells.
due to the scarcity of literature , recent reports of facial lifting using threads were also selected , complemented with bibliographical references.
result : the first outcomes of facial lifting with barbed sutures remain inconclusive.
adverse events may occur , although they are mostly minor , self-limiting , and short-lived.
participants may be healthier than the general population.
both cystatin c and b2m levels may be affected by inflammation.
these findings are important for the development and use of gfr estimating equations based on low-molecular-weight serum proteins throughout the range in gfrs.
this study examines the characteristics of hardcore smokers in south korea.
methods : we used the data from @number@ to @number@ from the korea national health and nutrition examination survey.
multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between various sociodemographic variables and hardcore smoking.
results : the proportion of hardcore smokers among smokers did not change significantly from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
of the three characteristics of hardcore smokers for either gender showed a significant change from @number@ to @number@
never-married smokers were less likely to be hardcore smokers than married ones ( odds ratio @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.66-0.96 ) .
household income and education level did not have any significant association with the likelihood of a hardcore smoker.
conclusions : hardcore smoking was more prevalent among men , unmarried men and those aging 40-49 years.
results : in this study , incidence of sarcopenia was @percent@ in men at the 2-year follow-up and @percent@ at the 5-year follow-up.
conclusion : low serum @number@ , 25d and 25d concentrations at baseline are independently associated with the incidence of sarcopenia over the subsequent @number@ years.
analyses were adjusted for such factors as age , education , height , smoking , and fruit and grain consumption ) .
active subjects with higher intakes of animal or plant protein-source foods had @percent@ lowest risks of functional decline.
the mouse clinical frailty index and the mouse frailty phenotype assessment are two recently developed tools used to assess frailty in mice.
frailty was measured using both tools in old ( ~24 months ; n = @number@ ) c57bl / 6 male mice.
the mouse frailty phenotype assessment identified no mice as frail but modification of the assessment tool identified six mice as frail.
the mouse clinical frailty index identified @number@ mice as frail and the agreement between the two scales was @percent@.
increasing clinical frailty index scores were correlated with low serum alanine aminotransferase , as well as decreased heart rate , and reduced heart rate variance.
inhibitors of mtor , including clinically available rapalogs such as rapamycin ( sirolimus ) and everolimus , are gerosuppressants , which suppress cellular senescence.
rapamycin slows aging and extends life span in a variety of species from worm to mammals.
rapalogs can prevent age-related diseases , including cancer , atherosclerosis , obesity , neurodegeneration and retinopathy and potentially rejuvenate stem cells , immunity and metabolism.
rational combinations of these drugs with physical exercise and an anti-aging diet ( koschei formula ) can maximize their anti-aging effects and decrease side effects.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common arrhythmia and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in an aging population.
unfortunately , current treatments for af are suboptimal , in large part because the molecular mechanisms underlying af are not well understood.
this review is an attempt to meet that need.
yet , these three alternatives represent only a few of the many non-amyloid mechanisms that can explain ad pathogenesis.
this article is part of the series \ "beyond amyloid \ ".
cover image for this issue : doi.
@number@.1111 / jnc.13823.
the advances in healthcare over the past several decades have resulted in populations now living longer.
a wealth of scientific evidence has implicated cell senescence as an important component in the etiology of these age-dependent pathologies.
these mitochondrial enzymes regulate the level of catecholamines and serotonin by catalyzing their oxidative deamination in the heart.
results : totally , @number@ studies met the inclusion criteria , with @number@ participants.
the main analysis revealed a positive overall random effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases.
the secondary analysis revealed that aerobic exercise interventions and aerobic included exercise interventions had a positive effect on cognition in patients with chronic diseases.
the intervention offering low frequency had a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases.
the secondary analysis also revealed that exercise interventions were beneficial in alzheimer's disease patients when grouped by disease type.
conclusion : this meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that exercise interventions positively influence cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases.
beneficial effect was independent of the type of disease , type of exercise , frequency , and the intensity of the exercise intervention.
at present , no single indicator could be used as a golden index to estimate aging process.
the fundamental differences in these four methods are the roles of ca and the selection criteria of aging biomarkers.
in mlr and pca , ca is treated as the selection criterion and an independent index.
the hochschild's method and kdm share a similar concept , making ca an independent variable.
previous studies have either simply constructed the ba model by one or compared the four methods together.
however , reviews have yet to illustrate and compare the four methods systematically.
background : intact foveal bulge has been associated with good visual outcome in retinal diseases.
the aim of this study was to study the variation in foveal bulge with age.
methods : it was an observational cross-sectional study conducted between @date@ and @date@ .
totally , @number@ eyes of @number@ healthy volunteers were studied in a tertiary care center.
all individuals had best corrected visual acuity of 20 / 20 or better.
spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to identify foveal bulge.
main outcome measures were a correlation between the height of the foveal bulge and age of the participants.
results : foveal bulge was present in @number@ ( @percent@ ) and absent in @number@ ( @percent@ ) eyes.
age matching across groups should be undertaken in studies using foveal bulge as prognostic tool.
we showed that car-t cells from geriatric donors ( gcar-t ) are functionally impaired relative to car-t from younger donors ( ycar-t ) .
furthermore , ycar-t contained higher proportions of cd4 and cd8 effector memory ( em ) cells , which are known to have enhanced cytolytic capabilities.
accordingly , ycar-t demonstrated higher levels of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity compared with gcar-t.
we found that treatment with m-csf or tgf-β1 rescued the impaired transduction efficiency of the gcar-t by increasing the α5β1 integrin expression.
neutralization of α5β1 confirmed that this integrin was indispensable for car expression.
our study suggests that the increase of α5β1 integrin expression levels enhances car expression and thereby improves tumor killing by gcar-t.
support for associations between these biomarkers and episodic memory and scc were more limited.
future research should address the causality of associations between low grade inflammatory processes and cognitive functioning.
bradyarrhythmia is a common clinical presentation.
as expected , channelopathies are the predominant culprit for hereditary bradyarrhythmias , because they play a crucial role in action potential generation and propagation.
interestingly , there are an increasing number of genes that encode for various regulatory or structural cellular components that have been linked to hereditary bradyarrhythmias.
background : immigration to the nordic countries has increased in the last decades and foreign-born inhabitants now constitute a considerable part of the region's population.
several studies suggest poorer self-reported health among foreign-born compared to natives , while results on mortality and life expectancy are inconclusive.
to date , few studies have summarized knowledge on mortality differentials by country of birth.
this article aims to systematically review previous results on all-cause and cause-specific mortality by country of birth in the nordic countries.
methods : the methodology was conducted and documented systematically and transparently using a narrative approach.
results : our findings from fully-adjusted models on swedish data support claims of excess mortality risks in specific categories of foreign-born.
increased risks in people from central and eastern europe can also be found.
the few danish studies are more difficult to compare , with conflicting results arising in the analysis.
finally , results from the one norwegian study suggest significantly decreased mortality risks among foreign-born , to be explored in further research.
regardless , data from most nordic countries remains limited , as does the information on specific causes of death.
the literature should be expanded in upcoming years to capture associations between country of birth and mortality more clearly.
background : rapidly evolving socioeconomic and technological trends make it challenging to improve access , effectiveness and efficiency in the use of pharmaceuticals.
this paper identifies and systematically classifies the prevailing pharmaceutical policies worldwide in relation to a country's income status.
methods : a literature search was undertaken to identify and taxonomize prevailing policies worldwide.
countries that apply those policies and those that do not were then grouped by income status.
results : pharmaceutical policies are linked to a country's socioeconomics.
price-volume and risk-sharing agreements are also evolving.
developing countries are underperforming in terms of coverage and they rely mostly on restrictive state controls to regulate prices and expenditure.
conclusions : there are significant disparities worldwide in the access to pharmaceuticals , their use , and the reimbursement of costs.
the challenge in high-income countries is to maintain access to care whilst dealing with trends in technology and aging.
as economies grow , there should be greater investment in pharmaceutical care , looking to the policies of high-income countries to increase efficiency.
pharmaceutical companies could also develop special access schemes with low prices to facilitate coverage in low-income countries.
background : while recent work emphasizes the multi-dimensionality of mobility , no current measure incorporates multiple domains of mobility.
we then assessed expected patterns of moves in the canadian population.
we refined moves using principal components analysis and cronbach's alpha and weighted items so each domain was @number@ points.
results : moves ranged from @number@ to @number@ where @number@ represents individuals who are immobile and @number@ those who are fully mobile.
moves scores were lower for older , female , and non-white canadians with worse health and lower socioeconomic status.
moves was also lower for those who live in less urban areas.
conclusions : moves is a holistic measure of mobility for characterizing older adult mobility across populations.
future work should examine individual or neighborhood predictors of moves and its relationship to broader health outcomes.
moves holds utility for research , surveillance , evaluation , and interventions around the broad factors influencing mobility in older adults.
general cognitive status was assessed by ten questions via personal interviews.
the questions were part of the short portable mental status questionnaire , a 10-item free-recall and immediate recall test.
mid-life ses was defined by education and major mid-life occupation of the participant and / or their partner.
conclusions : having a high level of mid-life ses and living with a partner are associated with better cognition for both cohort groups.
an interplay effect between mid-life ses and place of residence on cognition was only found for baby boomers.
on the other hand , being psychologically depressed was associated with poorer cognition among pre-boomers.
purpose : to determine corneal q value and its related factors in chinese subjects older than @number@ years.
design : cross sectional study.
age , gender and refractive power were recorded.
the average q values of the posterior surface at @number@ @number@ and @number@.0mm were @number@.26±0.216 , @number@.26±0.214 , and @number@.26±0.215 , respectively.
objective : this paper reflected on the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in bangladesh , which is spreading rapidly in low-income countries.
bivariate analysis was conducted between accessibility to health facilities and prevalence of the diseases.
results : fitting linear mixed effect models , we found that hypertension and diabetes react differently with various spatial effects.
athletic children are prone to overuse injuries , especially at the heel and knee.
fourteen children active in sports participated in a laboratory biomechanical evaluation.
a new pair of shoes was provided to each participant at an inclusion visit.
furthermore , mechanical cushioning properties of shoes were evaluated before and after in-vivo aging.
after 4months of use , the sole stiffness increased by @percent@ and the energy loss capacity decreased by @percent@ ( p < 0.001 ) .
no ankle or knee kinematic adjustment was found at foot strike in used shoes but changes were observed later during stance.
in multivariable-adjusted generalized linear mixed models , baseline dm diagnosis was associated with decline on immediate and delayed word recall and the clock drawing test.
in cox proportional hazards models , dm also predicted incident dementia in older age groups at baseline.
however , more studies are needed to better understand whether dm treatments affect this relationship.
the activity of this compound and of a series of chemical analogues was investigated in selected tumor cell lines , expressing both pparα and pparγ.
data obtained show a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of the novel ppar antagonist in colorectal and pancreatic cancer models.
methodology : cohorts were obtained from the medicare current beneficiary survey linked to medicare claims data.
weighted analysis was conducted to compare the patients within the two care models in terms of functional , cognitive , and psychological factors.
results : from @number@ to @number@ there was a @percent@ increase in patients utilizing only nps for primary care.
in terms of health status , patients utilizing only nps in their primary care were not statistically different from patients utilizing only pcmds.
conclusion : there is a perception that nps , as compared with pcmds , tend to provide care to healthier patients.
our results are contrary to this perception.
in terms of health status , np-only patients are similar to pcmd-only patients.
the advent of next-generation sequencing has dramatically decreased the cost for whole-genome sequencing and increased the viability for its application in research and clinical care.
the personal genome project ( pgp ) provides unrestricted access to genomes of individuals and their associated phenotypes.
in the cagi pgp challenge , researchers were asked to predict whether an individual had a particular trait or profile based on their whole genome.
when a rare genetic disorder is present , profiles can be matched when one or more pathogenic variants are identified.
prediction accuracy has improved substantially over the last @number@ years due to improved methodology and a better understanding of features.
design : this study was a cross-sectional , correlational study with data collected from @number@ women with type @number@ diabetes.
methods : data were collected using a structured questionnaire.
multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify correlates.
chi-squared tests were used to identify candidate variables for the first logistic regression model.
a one-way analysis of variance was used to compare sleep quality and glycemic control for women with and those without nocturia.
pearson correlations were used to examine the relationships of nocturia with sleep quality and glycemic control.
findings : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had experienced nocturia ( at least two voids per night ) .
compared to women without nocturia , women who had nocturia reported poorer sleep quality.
a significant correlation was found between the number of nocturnal episodes and sleep quality.
conclusions : nocturia and poor sleep are common among women with diabetes.
the multifactorial nature of nocturia supports the delivered management and treatments being targeted to underlying etiologies in order to optimize women's symptom management.
biological aging is associated with a reduction in the reparative and regenerative potential in tissues and organs.
finally , we propose a framework to integrate these molecular and physiological data into a composite score that measures biological aging in humans.
while in male mice the impact of ageing on adipose tissue remodelling is well characterized , the effects in female mice remain largely unclear.
thus , we investigated bat and wat remodelling during ageing in female c57bl / 6 mice.
oral glucose tolerance test showed no disturbance of glucose metabolism.
all wat depots became heavier , and white adipocytes hypertrophied.
older mice had hypertrophied classic brown adipocytes that had larger cytoplasmic lipid droplets than younger mice.
reduced hva , decreased ad signature cortical thickness , and increased amyloid accumulation were significantly associated with increased odds of anosmia.
these cross-sectional findings remain to be validated prospectively.
ann neurol @number@ ; 81 : 871-882.
none : liver fibrosis is common , particularly in individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
hiv-infected individuals have excess congestive heart failure ( chf ) risk compared with uninfected people.
it remains unknown whether liver fibrosis stage influences the chf risk or if hiv or hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection modifies this association.
participants alive on or after @date@ , in the veterans aging cohort study were included.
those without prevalent cardiovascular disease were followed until their first chf event , death , last follow-up date , or @date@ .
liver fibrosis was measured using the fibrosis @number@ index ( fib-4 ) , which is calculated using age , aminotransferases , and platelets.
cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors.
among @number@ participants over @number@ years , @number@ incident chf events occurred.
the association of advanced fibrosis / cirrhosis and incident chf persisted regardless of hiv / hcv status.
conclusion : moderate and advanced liver fibrosis / cirrhosis are associated with an increased risk of chf.
the association for advanced fibrosis / cirrhosis persists even among participants without hepatitis c and / or hiv infection.
( hepatology @number@ ; 66 : 1286-1295 ) .
design : randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial.
setting : academic medical center , winston-salem , north carolina.
measurements : participants were randomized into a 9-month treatment of spironolactone @number@ mg / d vs placebo.
adherence according to pill count was excellent ( spironolactone @percent@ , placebo @percent@ ) .
mean spironolactone dose was @number@ ± @number@ mg / d and was well tolerated.
spironolactone significantly reduced systolic and diastolic bp at rest and peak exercise.
\ "urinary symptoms \ " are similarly uninformative.
neither criterion is well defined.
bacteriuria and symptoms remit and recur spontaneously.
treatment is standard for acute uncomplicated cystitis and common for asymptomatic bacteriuria , but definite benefits are few.
sensitive diagnostic tests now demonstrate that healthy urinary tracts host a ubiquitous , complex microbial community.
recognition of this microbiome , largely undetectable using standard agar-based cultures , offers a new perspective on \ "uti. \ "
everyone is bacteriuric.
from this perspective , most people who are treated for a \ "uti \ " would probably be better off without treatment.
elderly adults , little studied in this regard , face particular risk.
invasive bacterial diseases such as pyelonephritis and bacteremic bacteriuria are also \ "utis. \ "
mindful decisions about antibiotic use will require a far better understanding of how pathogenicity arises within microbial communities.
sarcopenia is diagnosed by a decrease in skeletal muscle index ( smi ) and reduction of either handgrip strength or gait speed.
however , measurement of smi is difficult for general physicians because it requires special equipment for bioelectrical impedance assay or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : sarcopenia was present in @percent@ of the study population.
serum concentrations of adiponectin and sialic acid were significantly higher in sarcopenic than non-sarcopenic cvd patients.
sarcopenia index had a significant correlation with the conventional diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia.
conclusions : our new sarcopenia index using simple parameters would be useful for diagnosing sarcopenia in cvd patients.
the significance of amyloid-β accumulation to these problems is unclear.
we assessed @number@ non-demented parkinson disease patients with detailed cognitive assessments and 18f-florbetapir pet brain imaging.
the presence of mild cognitive impairment was determined through an expert consensus process using level @number@ criteria from the movement disorder society.
nineteen participants ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and the remainder had normal cognition.
qualitative 18f-florbetapir pet imaging was positive in @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) .
increasing age and presence of an apoe ε4 allele were associated with higher composite 18f-florbetapir binding.
in multivariable models , an abnormal 18f-florbetapir scan by expert rating was not associated with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment.
however , 18f-florbetapir retention values in the posterior cingulate gyrus inversely correlated with verbal memory performance.
retention values in the frontal cortex , precuneus , and anterior cingulate gyrus retention values inversely correlated with naming performance.
regional cortical amyloid-β amyloid , as measured by 18f-florbetapir pet , may be a biomarker of specific cognitive deficits in non-demented parkinson disease patients.
a growing body of evidence suggests that the cerebellum is involved in both cognition and language.
however , we must first understand how the performance develops in children who do not have a disorder.
older children produced more conditioned eyeblink responses than younger children and adults produced more than children.
in addition , females produced more conditioned eyeblink responses than males among both children and adults.
bioenergetics of artery smooth muscle cells is critical in cardiovascular health and disease.
an acute rise in metabolic demand causes vasodilation in systemic circulation while a chronic shift in bioenergetic profile may lead to vascular diseases.
thus , we profiled cellular bioenergetics of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and effects of metabolic intervention.
analysis of bioenergetic profile indicated that aging cells have lower resting oxidative phosphorylation and reduced reserve capacity.
intracellular atp level of a single cell was estimated to be over @number@ mm.
application of metabolic modulators caused significant changes in mitochondria membrane potential , intracellular atp level and atp : adp ratio.
these cells have high respiratory reserve capacity and low glycolysis reserve capacity.
metabolic intervention influences both intracellular atp concentration and atp : adp ratio , where subtler changes may be detected by the latter.
none : psychological challenges , including traumatic events , have been hypothesized to increase the age-related pace of biological aging.
child mortality data were collected in @number@ and @number@
hpaa activity was assessed by quantifying cortisol levels in first morning urinary specimens collected every other day for seven weeks in @number@
telomere length ( tl ) was quantified using qpcr in @number@ women from buccal specimens collected in @number@
results : shorter tl with increasing age was only observed in women who experienced child mortality ( p = @number@ ) .
non-parametric bootstrapping to estimate mediation effects suggests that hpaa activity mediates the effect of child mortality on tl.
tears of the human supraspinatus tendon are common and often cause painful and debilitating loss of function.
our findings confirm measurable degradation of collagen fibrils and associated proteins in old and torn tendons , suggesting a significant loss of tissue organisation.
finally , we identified marked changes to the elastic fibre , fibrillin-rich niche and the pericellular matrix.
further investigation of these regions may yield other potential biomarkers and help to explain detrimental cellular processes associated with tendon ageing and tendinopathy.
the use of antiplatelet therapy ( apt ) and / or anticoagulant therapy ( act ) continues to increase due to the aging population.
we aimed to analyze characteristics and surgical risks of patients who underwent emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis without discontinuing apt.
we conducted a retrospective review of @number@ patients between @number@ and @number@
there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss , conversion to open surgery , and bleeding-related complications.
however , the incidence of intraoperative blood transfusion was higher in the capt group ( p = @number@ ) .
they presented with severe local inflammation ; thus , it was difficult to stop bleeding from the gallbladder bed.
hemostatic tools for liver surgery were used to control bleeding.
emergency cholecystectomy was tolerable for patients with acute cholecystitis while continuing apt.
however , in case of severe local inflammation , there is a greater risk for massive hemorrhage.
methods : data from repeated surveys of the finnish public sector study , linked to records of retirement , were used.
linear regression analyses with generalized estimating equations were used to examine changes in sleep duration around retirement.
results : before retirement there was a slight decrease in sleep duration.
increase in sleep duration was greatest in those who were short sleepers , heavy drinkers , or had sleep difficulties.
after the retirement transition , sleep duration remained at approximately the same level , as no significant changes were observed.
conclusions : this longitudinal study suggests that transition from full-time work to statutory retirement is associated with an increase in sleep duration.
we used recently described markers to characterize the origin and functional states of microglia / macrophages in acute , relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis.
we found microglia activation in normal white matter of controls and that the degree of activation increased with age.
this microglia activation was more pronounced in the normal-appearing white matter of patients in comparison to controls and increased with disease duration.
in later stages , the microglia and macrophages in active lesions changed to a phenotype that was intermediate between pro- and anti-inflammatory activation.
in inactive lesions , the density of microglia / macrophages was significantly reduced and microglia in part converted to a p2ry12 + phenotype.
our study demonstrates the loss of the homeostatic microglial signature in active multiple sclerosis with restoration associated with disease inactivity.
cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) are one of the major causes of mortality and disability in western countries.
\ "interventional medicine \ " certainly puts lifestyle modification as the first therapeutic step , including a healthy diet and physical activity.
some lipid- and blood pressure-lowering bioactives were studied for their impact on human vascular health , particularly as regards endothelial function and arterial stiffness.
alcohol use disorder ( aud ) and major depressive disorder ( mdd ) are often comorbid.
it is not understood how genetic risk factors for these disorders relate to each other over time and to what degree they are stable.
stability , change , and covariation were investigated in longitudinal biometric models.
new genetic factors explained @percent@ of the genetic variance in aud at t2.
for mdd , there was full overlap between genetic influences at t1 and t2.
genetic risk factors for mdd were related to aud , but their association with aud did not increase over time.
thus , genetic risk factors for aud , but not mdd , vary with age , suggesting that aud has age-dependent heritable etiologies.
molecular genetic studies of aud may therefore benefit from stratifying by age.
the new genetic factors in aud were not related to mdd.
environmental influences on the @number@ disorders were correlated in middle , but not in young adulthood.
the environmental components for aud correlated over time ( r = @number@ ) , but not for mdd.
environmental influences on aud can have long-lasting effects , and the effects of preventive efforts may be enduring.
environment influences seem to be largely transient.
( psycinfo database record frequent social interactions are strongly linked to positive affect , longevity , and good health.
using latent growth curve analysis , we found that the frequency of in-person contact with family members remained relatively stable across the life span.
relationship status and gender had a slight effect on both of these relationship trajectories.
subjective current health status and employment status influenced the life span trajectory of nonfamily social contact only.
( psycinfo database record nordic welfare states have been very successful at reducing poverty and inequality among their citizens.
using data from finland , this research examined a life course model linking childhood differences in cognitive skills and antisocial propensity to midlife socioeconomic exclusion.
the jyväskylä longitudinal study of personality and social development ( n = @number@ ) follows individuals from age @number@ ( b.
@number@ ) through age @number@
the results are discussed from the perspective of sociohistorical context and public policy.
methods : a retrospective database analysis was conducted using a historical cohort design and including data collected between @number@ and @number@
claims data were used to identify medicare advantage patients aged ≥65 years newly initiated on antimuscarinic oab treatment.
patients were classified with potentially inappropriate use of antimuscarinic oab drugs based on either the @number@ beers criteria or the @number@ beers criteria.
prevalence of pim at the time of antimuscarinic initiation was determined.
dementia was the most common pim-qualifying condition under both versions.
the @number@ beers criteria identified more females , more white people , and a younger population with pim.
comorbid medical condition burden was lower using the @number@ beers criteria.
the @number@ beers criteria only group had lower median unadjusted healthcare costs ( $ 7104 vs. @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the incremental net cost associated with potentially inappropriate use of antimuscarinic medication was higher under the @number@ beers criteria than under the @number@ beers criteria.
the promising results achieved in the laboratory with animal models have not been replicated with human trails as expected.
major progress has been made due to laboratory studies ; in explaining the mechanisms as well as pathophysiological features of brain damage after tbi.
attempts to intervene in the cascade of events occurring after tbi all rely heavily on the knowledge from basic laboratory investigations.
in looking to discover treatment , this review will endeavor to sight and state some central discrepancies between laboratory models and clinical scenarios.
cd271 is common stem cell marker for the epidermis and dermis.
background : as for all individuals , the internet is important in the everyday life of older adults.
research on older adults ' use of the internet has merely focused on users versus nonusers and consequences of internet use and nonuse.
older adults are a heterogeneous group , which may implicate that their use of the internet is diverse as well.
older adults can use the internet for different activities , and this usage can be of influence on benefits the internet can have for them.
methods : we used data of a national representative internet panel in the netherlands.
panel members aged @number@ years and older and who have access to and use the internet were selected ( n = 1418 ) .
we conducted a latent class analysis based on the internet activities that panel members reported to spend time on.
second , we described the identified clusters with descriptive statistics and compared the clusters using analysis of variance ( anova ) and chi-square tests.
results : four clusters were distinguished.
cluster @number@ was labeled as the \ "practical users \ " ( @percent@ , n = 523 ) .
these respondents mainly used the internet for practical and financial purposes such as searching for information , comparing products , and banking.
this underlines the importance to look beyond use versus nonuse when studying older adults ' internet use.
the clusters we have identified in this study can help tailor the development and deployment of ehealth intervention to specific segments of the older population.
we recently established stable daily profiles of the anabolic hormones dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and testosterone in @number@ elite military men.
next , nuanced patterns were constructed using quartile splits followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc subgroup comparisons.
both dhea ( r range : @number@ to @number@ ) and testosterone ( r range : @number@ to @number@ ) were inversely associated with age.
quartile comparisons revealed that age-related declines in dhea were linear , curvilinear , or sigmoidal , depending on the summary parameter of interest.
anabolic hormone profiles did not associate with bmi , blood pressure , or sleep efficiency.
robust linear associations were observed between testosterone and perceived stress ( r range : @number@ to @number@ ) ; concentration-dependent patterns were less discernible.
lower dhea ( r range : @number@ to @number@ ) and testosterone ( r range : @number@ to @number@ ) concentrations associated with higher fatigue.
subsequent quartile comparisons suggested a concentration-dependent threshold with respect to evening testosterone.
this highlights the importance of routine monitoring of anabolic hormone profiles to sustain and optimize health and readiness in chronically stressed populations.
low serum levels of @number@ hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) ( hypovitaminosis d ) is common in older adults and associated with several negative outcomes.
the association between hypovitaminosis d and diabetes in older adults is equivocal , however.
we conducted a meta-analysis investigating if hypovitaminosis d is associated with diabetes in prospective studies among older participants.
two investigators systematically searched major electronic databases , from inception until @date@ .
the cumulative incidence of diabetes among groups was estimated according to baseline serum 25ohd levels.
random effect models were used to assess the association between hypovitaminosis d and diabetes at follow-up.
gender effects are significant , with men demonstrating greater health benefit than women.
in this review , we summarise research findings and discuss important future challenges.
broader work looking at the impact of social connectedness , loneliness and support on survival should be supported.
human relationships are crucial to our health and wellbeing - caring and support promote significantly better health outcomes.
whether or not an individual's drug metabolising capacity declines with advancing age is a vexing question.
however , elderly individuals do show a reduced enzyme induction capability and are less able to tolerate overdoses.
these may affect both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics , but not necessarily drug metabolism.
solutions are needed to satisfy care demands of older adults to live independently.
gait has been presented as a relevant ( bio ) marker in ageing and pathological studies , with objective assessment achievable by inertial-based wearables.
commercial wearables have struggled to provide accurate analytics and have been limited by non-clinically oriented gait outcomes.
moreover , some research-grade wearables also fail to provide transparent functionality due to limitations in proprietary software.
a brief presentation of wearables in one pathological group is presented , identifying appropriate work for researchers in other cohorts to utilise.
suggestions for how this domain needs to progress are also summarised.
introduction : klotho variants ( kl-vs ) have been associated with increased longevity and better cognitive function.
it is unclear whether they modulate dementia risk.
methods : we recruited @number@ men aged 71-87 years who were free of cognitive impairment.
we used data linkage to track the onset of dementia over @number@ years.
kl-vs genotyping ( rs9536314 t / g ) followed standard procedures.
background : vascular cognitive impairment ( vci ) is a complex spectrum encompassing post-stroke cognitive impairment ( psci ) and small vessel disease-related cognitive impairment.
conclusion : a consensus emerged to propose the development of a disease-modifying strategy in vci and psci based on pleiotropic pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
the search was conducted in the following databases : pubmed , embase , cochrane library , pedro , cinahl and lilacs.
furthermore , hand searches were conducted.
importance : older patients undergoing abdominal surgery commonly experience preventable delirium , which extends their hospital length of stay ( los ) .
objective : to examine whether a modified hospital elder life program ( mhelp ) reduces incident delirium and los in older patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
consecutive older patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery with expected los longer than @number@ days were enrolled , with a recruitment rate of @percent@.
participants were cluster randomized by room to receive the mhelp or usual care.
adherence to protocols was tracked daily.
data on los were abstracted from the medical record.
our findings support using the mhelp to advance postoperative care for older patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01045330.
work stressors influence work ability - wa - and increasing age is associated with functional aging.
we sought to establish whether work stressors differentially influence wa in young and aging nursing professionals.
there was a worsening in wai ( p = @number@ ) without difference between the groups.
aging individuals can experience frailty and loss of independence and autonomy.
based on a multiple case study , the objective was to assess the capacity of municipal administration to provide healthcare for the elderly.
care f or the elderly was rated fair in all five cases.
a total of @number@ participants with normal range of aminotransferase levels and without excessive drinking were included in the present study.
alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( ast ) levels were measured on fasting morning serum samples using the kinetic method.
further studies are warranted to explore the possible gender-related association and to extend them to different populations.
organ weight is one important indicator to discern normal from abnormal condition in forensic pathology as well as in clinical medicine.
moreover , brain and heart became heavier as one got older and most organs were heavier in middle-aged individuals compared to other age groups.
heart rate variability ( hrv ) has been increasingly used to monitor team sports athletes.
however , the reliability of these new indices and the ability of hrv to differentiate between soccer competitive levels are unknown.
fifty-four male professional soccer players from @number@ different teams of @number@ european countries ( italy and germany ) participated in the study.
the intraclass correlation coefficient values of the hrv indices varied from @number@ ( very large ) to @number@ ( near perfect ) .
therefore , the hrv can be considered reliable in professional soccer players and is able to differentiate between international- and national-level players.
background : estimates of hippocampal volume by magnetic resonance imaging have clinical and cognitive correlations and can assist in early alzheimer disease diagnosis.
however , little is known about the relationship between global or regional brain volumes and cognitive test performance in american indians.
results : after controlling for demographic and clinical factors , all volumetric measurements were positively associated with processing speed.
total brain volume was also positively associated with verbal learning , but not with verbal recall.
conversely , left hippocampal volume was associated with both verbal learning and recall.
the relationship between hippocampal volume and recall performance was more pronounced among those with lower scores on a global cognitive measure.
controlling for apoe ε4 did not substantively affect the associations.
results : the peak age of naion onset was between @number@ and @number@ years.
sixty-seven percent of patients presented with their first event between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years , and @percent@ presented at ≤50 years.
conclusions : we showed that naion onset at age > 50 years had a greater risk of second eye involvement.
patients with oct mean rnfl thickness > 65 μm and mean macular ganglion cell complex thickness > 55 μm had better visual outcomes.
the pleiotropic effects of ksr2-rs7973260 on metabolic phenotypes were also explored.
results : no significant distributions of genotype frequencies were observed between life-satisfied and -unsatisfied groups across those with the three polymorphisms.
conclusion : rs7973260 , rs3756290 , and rs4481363 were not associated with swb and dss in chinese elders.
however , the ksr2-rs7973260 a allele exhibited pleiotropic effects on some metabolic phenotypes in chinese elders.
these effects should be validated in future studies.
nad + levels decline with age in diverse animals from caenorhabditis elegans to mice.
decreased nad + levels with age reduce sirt1 function and reduce the mitochondrial unfolded protein response , which can be overcome by nr supplementation.
the mechanism of declining nad + levels and its fundamental importance to aging are yet to be elucidated.
aspirin acetylates many proteins , while reducing phosphorylation , suggesting that acetylation may oppose phosphorylation.
surprisingly , acetylated proteins were largely excluded from compact aggregates.
conclusions : these results are consistent with the hypothesis that aspirin inhibits protein aggregation and the ensuing toxicity of aggregates through its acetyl-donating activity.
this mechanism may contribute to the neuro-protective , cardio-protective , and life-prolonging effects of aspirin.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 1383-1396.
objectives : to validate the msra questionnaire proposed as prescreening tool for sarcopenia , in a population of community-dwelling elderly subjects.
design : observational study.
setting : community dwelling elderly subjects.
participants : @number@ community dwelling elderly subjects , @number@ women and @number@ men , aged 66-78 years.
measurements : based on ewgsop diagnostic criteria subjects were classified as sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic.
results : @percent@ of the study population , were classified as sarcopenic.
a 5-item score was then derived and the area under the roc curve was @number@ ( @percent@ ic : 0.728-0.851 ) .
conclusion : this preliminary study shows that the msra questionnaire is predictive of sarcopenia and can be suggested as prescreening instrument to detect this condition.
the use of a short form of the msra questionnaire improves the capacity to identify sarcopenic subjects.
participants : one hundred eighty-eight independently living subjects aged 66-96 years.
broadband ultrasound attenuation , speed of sound and stiffness index were determined by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound ( qus ) .
multiple linear regression analyses were performed to analyse associations of 25 ( oh ) d3 and ipth with bone status parameters.
this study also aimed to compare food intake and dietary allowances.
design : this is a cross sectional study.
setting : this study was performed in nursing homes.
measurement : nutrient content of the served food and real food consumption was calculated for all meals during a 5-day period by precise weighting method.
difference between consumed and served dietary content was evaluated by the chi² test.
results : seventy-four belgian nursing home residents ( @percent@ of women , @number@ ± @number@ years on average ) were included in this study.
these subjects had a mean body mass index of @number@ ± @number@ kg / m².
the mean energy content of the served food was @number@ ± @number@ kcal per day.
the difference between protein served and consumed was also significant ( p = .04 ) .
moreover , people considered as well nourished , eating significantly more energy than the others ( p = .04 ) .
conclusion : meals served in nursing homes are not entirely consumed by their residents.
as expected , the energy consumed are lower in subjects considered as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
objective : understanding of the underlying mechanisms of fear of falling ( fof ) could help to expand potential treatments.
given the nature of motor performance , the decline in the planning stage of motor execution may be associated with an expression of fof.
design : cross-sectional case / control study.
setting : three health centers in japan.
measurements : participants were tested for both imagery and execution tasks of a timed up and go ( tug ) test.
the difference between itug and atug ( δ tug ) was calculated.
low frequency of going outdoors was also associated with fof ( or @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions : older adults with fof overestimate their tug performance , reflecting impairment in motor planning.
overestimation of physical capabilities can be an additional explanation of the high risk of falls in this population.
objective : to determine the physical indicators associated with oral intake status and swallowing function in gastrostomy patients under long-term care.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : thirty-one hospitals that perform gastrostomy insertion , replacement and management.
participants : a total of @number@ respondents from @number@ hospitals in japan underwent gastrostomy tube replacement and management between @date@ and @date@ .
measurements : we conducted a questionnaire survey at japanese hospitals and used the data obtained from @number@ respondents for analysis.
moreover , sputum production and voluntary saliva swallowing were strongly associated with oral intake status.
finally , sputum production , articulation and phonation , and voluntary saliva swallowing were strongly associated with swallowing function test results.
impairments of taste and smell perception in elderly people can lead to reduced enjoyment of food and contribute to the anorexia of aging.
objective : to evaluate the relationship between frailty and taste and smell perception in elderly people living in urban areas.
design : data from the baseline evaluation of @number@ residents aged ≥ @number@ years who enrolled in a comprehensive geriatric health examination survey was analyzed.
ahsp was analyzed as the total score of @number@ taste items ( t ) and @number@ smell items ( s ) .
frailty was diagnosed using a modified fried's frailty criteria.
conclusions : taste and smell perception , particularly taste perception , were associated with a greater risk of frailty in community-dwelling elderly people.
these results suggest that lower taste and smell perception may be an indicator of frailty in old age.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : u.s. representative sample of adults aged @number@ years and older ( n = @number@ ) from five ethnic / racial groups.
all participants read , understood , and signed informed consent forms under data collection procedures by trained individuals.
measurements : sociodemographics were collected by trained interviewers using a general questionnaire.
food groups were determined by 24-hour recall using the validated usda automated multiple-pass method.
data were presented by cross-tabulation and logistic regression to investigate relationships among race / ethnicity , gender , and age groups.
results : over @percent@ of older adults failed to consume @number@ cups of combined fruits and vegetables.
other hispanics ( hispanics excluding mexican americans ) had higher odds of sugar-containing food consumption compared to non-hispanic whites ( adjusted model ) .
being older and female were protective factors for over-consumption of sugar.
conclusion : older americans are not meeting dietary guidelines and there are differences by gender and ethnicity.
predictors of an increase in morbidity and mortality would therefore provide a useful framework for the assessment and management of this demographic.
our aims were to assess whether there was an association between low albumin levels and mortality and whether the severity adversely affects outcomes.
this retrospective , longitudinal , observational study concluded in @date@ .
demographic and pre-operative function and albumin data was collated retrospectively.
an association with mortality was made.
results : @number@ patients had usable data.
pre-operative albumin level was significantly associated with survival ( hazard ratio @number@.957 : @percent@ ci ( @number@ @number@ ) ; p < 0.001 ) .
thus , a reduction of 1g / dl in pre-operative albumin is associated with an increased hazard of death of @percent@.
this may enable rates of morbidity and mortality to fall.
hypoalbuminaemia may be a reasonable predictor of shorter-term mortality in this patient subgroup.
however , this may reflect existing co-morbidities rather than an isolated cause.
this study supports an association between hypoalbuminaemia and poorer outcome for patients with nof fractures.
objective : to investigate how visual impairment affects social ties in late life longitudinally.
design : population-based prospective cohort study.
setting : individuals in old age were recruited via general practitioners ' offices ( at six study centers ) in germany.
they were interviewed every @number@ months.
participants : individuals aged @number@ years and above at baseline.
measurements : social ties were assessed using the 14-item form of the questionnaire for social support ( f-sozu k-14 ) .
additionally , the onset of mild hearing impairment decreased the social support score in men.
moreover , increasing age decreased the social support score in the total sample and in both sexes.
loss of spouse and increasing comorbidity did not affect the social support score.
conclusion : our results highlight the importance of visual impairment for social ties in late life.
consequently , appropriate strategies in order to delay visual impairment might help to maintain social ties in old age.
objectives : malnutrition and functional decline are common in older inpatients admitted to subacute care settings.
however the association between changes in nutritional status and relevant functional outcomes remains under-researched.
design : a prospective , observational study.
setting : two gem units at st vincent's hospital melbourne , australia.
participants : patients admitted to the gem units who stayed longer than @number@ days were included in the study.
results : fifty-nine patients ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) met the required length of stay and were included in the study.
subjects who improved in nutritional status had a significantly higher mems score at discharge ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : on admission to the gem unit , just over half the included patients were rated as malnourished defined by sga category.
nearly one quarter of the sample had improved their nutritional status at the time of discharge.
improvement in nutritional status was associated with greater improvement in mobility scores.
design : single-arm interventional human study.
participants : @number@ female subjects ( body mass index ( bmi ) 29-39 , aged between 28-42years ) .
subjects made brisk walking twice a day during the whole follow-up including both cr and if periods.
bmi of all subjects decreased gradually and as the bmi decreased , glucose , hba1c , insulin , homa-ir and tsh levels were decreased.
urinary acetoacetate levels were higher during the if period suggesting a constant lipid catabolism.
conclusion : our results suggest that , cr affects metabolic parameters positively which will help especially pre-diabetic and insulin resistant patients without any pharmacological approach.
changes observed during if are probably due to the changes in eating and sleeping pattern and thus changes in metabolic rhythm.
objectives : to determine the effects of increasing plant-based foods or dairy products on protein intake in older americans by performing diet modeling.
models ( @number@ ) and ( @number@ ) had commensurate reductions in animal-based protein intake.
in this model , @percent@ of females aged 71 + years did not meet the estimated average requirement for protein.
doubling dairy product consumption achieved current protein intake recommendations.
conclusion : these data illustrate that increasing plant-based foods and reducing animal-based products could have unintended consequences on protein intake of older americans.
design : a cross-sectional , multilevel survey was designed.
the questionnaire was distributed by post and self-completed by participants.
setting : the sample was drawn from seven towns and cities across japan.
recruitment for the study was conducted with municipal assistance.
the dependent variable was whether the respondent ate together more or less than once a month.
results : in total , @number@ older people ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) completed the questionnaire ( @percent@ response rate ) .
it was found that @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women ate together less than once a month.
conclusion : eating together is associated with subjective health and food intake.
results : a total of @number@ studies could be included in the meta-analysis.
objectives : to explore the relationship of general health decline assessed by frailty and risk of dementia and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
design : a seven-year prospective cohort study.
setting : secondary analysis of data from the beijing longitudinal study on aging.
participants : urban and rural community-dwelling people aged @number@ and older at baseline.
measurements : frailty was quantified using the deficit accumulation-based frailty index ( fi ) , constructed from @number@ health deficits at baseline.
dementia was diagnosed by dsm-iiir.
ad and vascular dementia ( vad ) were diagnosed by nincds-adrda and ninds-airen.
the relationships between frailty and the risk of dementia , ad and death were evaluated through multivariable models.
results : of @number@ participants at baseline ( @number@ ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) reported a history of dementia.
after adjustment for age , sex , education , and baseline cognition , baseline frailty status significantly associated with alzheimer's disease and dementia and death.
conclusion : frailty was associated with alzheimer's disease and dementia over a seven years period.
frailty index might facilitate the identification of older adults at high risk of dementia for the application of the most effective , targeted prevention strategies.
design : cross-sectional study using data from the @number@ behavioral risk factor surveillance system.
setting : landline and cellular telephone survey.
participants : @number@ respondents aged @number@ years and older from @number@ us states in @number@
regular care was defined as always , usually , or sometimes receiving care from family or friends because of scd.
we calculated weighted proportions and used chi-square tests for differences across categories by scd status and receipt of care.
results : @percent@ of respondents reported scd and @percent@ of those with scd received regular care.
the most prevalent physical activity was walking for adults aged ≥ @number@ years old ( 41-52% ) regardless of scd status or receipt of care.
conclusion : overall , the prevalence of inactivity was high , especially among people with scd.
these findings suggest a need to increase activity among middle-aged and older adults , particularly those with scd who receive care.
cognitive frailty is the simultaneous clinical manifestation of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment.
this paper aimed to propose and test an operational definition of cognitive frailty.
five hundred and ninety-four older adults ( mean age @number@ years , sd = 5.8 ) were involved in this cross-sectional study.
participants positive for both instruments were classified as cognitively frail.
the outcome was disability measured with the groningen activity restriction scale.
descriptive statistics , one-way and two-way analysis of covariance ( ancova ) were carried out.
the prevalence rate of cognitive frailty was @percent@.
moreover , cognitively frail individuals showed a difference ( p < .001 ) in disability in comparison with non-frail participants.
our results are significant and provide empirical evidence about the usefulness of the cognitive frailty concept.
none : it has been hypothesized that high protein intakes are associated with lower bone mineral content ( bmc ) .
design / setting : prospective cohort study ( osteoporosis risk-factor and fracture-prevention study ) .
intervention group received calcium @number@ mg / d and cholecalciferol @number@ iu for @number@ years.
control group received neither supplementation nor placebo.
bone density was measured at baseline and year @number@ using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between protein intake and bmd and bmc.
in follow-up analysis , tp ( g / kg / bw ) was inversely associated with ls bmd and ls bmc.
the detrimental associations were stronger in women with bmi < 30 kg / m2.
in active women , tp ( g / kg / bw ) was positively associated with ls bmd and fn bmc changes.
conclusions : this study suggests detrimental associations between protein intake and bone health.
however , these negative associations maybe counteracted by bmi > 30 kg / m2 and physical activity.
design : this is a prospective observational study.
setting : hospital ( geriatric acute ward and transitional care of irccss auo san martino hospital , genoa , italy ) .
participants : @number@ consecutive elderly hospitalized patients.
the unit of variable was the percentage.
introduction : elderly veterans enrolled in va home based primary care ( hbpc ) programs suffer from many diseases including malnutrition.
the mini-nutritional assessment short-form ( mna-sf ) has been validated in international studies in a variety of settings.
the primary aim of this study was to find the prevalence of malnutrition among veterans enrolled in hbpc programs.
the secondary objective was to determine the feasibility of adopting a validated nutrition screening tool ( mini-nutritional assessment short-form ( mna-sf ) ) .
methods : @number@ veterans age @number@ and older from @number@ hbpc programs from across the country participated in the study.
the study period was between april and @date@ .
winpepi ( version @time@ ) was used for descriptive analysis.
discussion : the mna-sf is an efficient nutrition screening tool and it can be successfully used for the elderly veterans.
the prevalence of malnutrition among veterans was high compared to the community dwelling u.s. civilian elderly population.
by preventing and treating malnutrition , health care systems should be able to reduce overall health care costs.
design : a prospective longitudinal study.
setting : canada.
measurements : four years of nutritional risk screen ii scores ( five waves ) from the male survivors of the mfus cohort.
the semi-parametric group-based trajectory approach and survival analysis were used to investigate the trajectories of nutritional risk.
results : of the participants , @percent@ lived alone.
five distinct developmental trajectory groups for nutritional risk score were identified.
conclusion : distinct nutritional risk trajectories were found for older men over a four year period.
poor nutritional risk trajectories are associated with higher risk of mortality for very old men over a short period of time.
timely nutritional assessments by health professionals are needed to identify older men at nutritional risk.
subsequent nutrition education and follow-up may be important in preventing further decline.
findings were replicated in an independent sample of @number@ sorl1 variants detected in @number@ ad cases and controls.
we tested this pathogenicity screen in sorl1 variants reported in two independent published studies.
methods : we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of older adults who died with als in sweden between @number@ and @number@
the primary outcome was the number of prescription drugs to which individuals were exposed during the last @number@ months before death.
institutionalization was independently associated with polypharmacy near the end of life ( odds ratio @number@ @percent@ confidence interval @number@.42-2.39 ) .
conclusion : future research is needed to assess the time to benefit of treatments and to develop guidelines for medication discontinuation in advanced als.
recently , a number of agents have been developed to target various components of the bcr pathway.
the biological function of btk in several b-cell lymphoid malignancies has led to the development of the oral btk inhibitor ibrutinib.
durable clinical responses have also been demonstrated in mantle cell lymphoma ( mcl ) and waldenström's macroglobulinemia ( wm ) patients treated with ibrutinib.
ibrutinib is generally well tolerated , although current follow-up remains short and patients of advanced age are more likely to discontinue treatment for toxicity.
treatment-specific side effects such as bleeding and atrial fibrillation may , at least partly , be related to off-target inhibition of non-btk kinases.
combination trials of ibrutinib with venetoclax , a bcl-2 inhibitor , are underway and are supported by sound preclinical rationale.
several next-generation btk inhibitors are under development with the goal of decreasing treatment-related toxicity and resistance.
the number of lymph nodes retrieved from colorectal cancer ( crc ) resection specimens is crucial for adequate diagnosis and therapy.
mechanobiology has shifted our understanding of fundamental cellular and physiological functions.
we now understand that these factors can actually be causative biological mediators of cell growth to control organ size.
we propose here that mrtfs , yap and taz closely collaborate as mechano-effectors.
objectives : dietary fibre reduces body weight and inflammation both of which are linked with knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
we examined the association between fibre intake and risk of knee oa.
knee pain worsening was also examined in oai.
generalised estimating equations were applied in multivariable regression models.
furthermore , dietary total and cereal fibre were significantly inversely associated with knee pain worsening in oai ( p trend < 0.02 ) .
no apparent association was found with roa.
fruit and vegetable ( fv ) intake is associated with reduced risk of a number of non-communicable diseases.
dietary intake was assessed by either diet diaries or diet histories used in four fv randomised intervention studies.
all food and drink intake recorded was analysed using wisp version @number@ and fv portions were manually counted using household measures.
background : the complexity of medication therapy in older adults with multiple comorbidities often leads to inappropriate prescribing.
results : between @date@ and @date@ we enrolled and randomized @number@ participants taking at least one medication with anticholinergic properties.
conclusions : our targeted mtm intervention resulted in improvement in anticholinergic medication appropriateness and reduced the use of inappropriate anticholinergic medications in older patients.
our results show promise in an area of great importance to ensure optimum outcomes for medications used in older adults.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct02172612 .
registered @date@ .
other metabolites , such as triterpenoids , can also be released.
searching for extractable triterpenoids in oak heartwood , @number@ new , 1-12 , and five known , 13-17 , oleanane types were isolated and characterized.
their cytotoxicities were tested against cancer cells ( pc3 and mcf-7 ) and lymphocytes.
correspondingly , imaging studies showed decreased activity of the amygdala and cortical face processing regions in response to emotional faces.
however , functional connectivity among regions involved in emotion perception has not been studied so far.
regions of interest were identified in an activation analysis by presenting a block-design with dynamic fearful faces and dynamic landscapes to @number@ healthy individuals.
this led to @number@ predominately right-hemispheric regions.
in patients with left mtle , a downsized network of frontal and temporal regions centered on the right amygdala was present.
patients with right mtle showed almost no significant functional connectivity.
conclusion : functional networks underlying facial emotion perception are considerably changed in left and right mtle.
alterations are present for both hemispheres in either mtle group , but are more pronounced in right mtle.
disruption of the functional network architecture possibly contributes to deficits in facial emotion recognition frequently reported in mtle.
methods : sensory and cognitive functions were measured on participants in the baseline examination ( 2005-2008 ) of the beaver dam offspring study.
cognitive function was measured with the trail making tests a ( tmta ) and b ( tmtb ) and the grooved peg board test.
results : there were @number@ participants aged 21-84 years with measures of hearing , visual , olfactory , and cognitive function at the baseline examination.
nineteen percent of the cohort had one sensory impairment and @percent@ had multiple sensory impairments.
participants with a sensory impairment took on average from @number@ to @number@ seconds longer than participants without the corresponding sensory impairment to complete these tests.
results were similar in models that included adjustment for hearing aid use.
sensory impairments in midlife are associated with subtle deficits in cognitive function which may be indicative of early brain aging.
john cassel's @number@ paper \ "the contribution of the social environment to host resistance \ " ( am j epidemiol.
@number@ ; 104 ( @number@ ) : 107-123 ) is widely regarded as a classic in epidemiology.
cassel's provocative thesis was anchored in a cogent synthesis of findings from animal experiments and observational studies on diverse human populations.
beginning in the late 1970s , the paper stimulated an explosion of epidemiologic research on social support and human health.
cassel's assessment of the research and practice implications of his conclusions has remarkable contemporary resonance for the field of epidemiology.
the development of hepatoblastoma ( hbl ) is associated with failure of hepatic stem cells ( hsc ) to differentiate into hepatocytes.
despite intensive investigations , mechanisms of the failure of hsc to differentiate are not known.
we next analyzed fxr-gank-tumor suppressor pathways in a large cohort of hbl patients which include @number@ controls and @number@ hbl samples.
therefore , we generated cugbp1 ko mice and examined hbl signatures in the liver of these mice.
micro-array studies revealed that the hbl-specific molecular signature is developed in livers of cugbp1 ko mice at very early ages.
thus , we conclude that fxr-gank-tsps-stem cells pathway is a key determinant of liver cancer in animal models and in pediatric liver cancer.
our data provide a strong basis for development of fxr-gank-based therapy for treatment of patients with hepatoblastoma.
we investigated whether there are sex differences in the association between pain and incident injurious falls.
participants were followed up for @number@ and @number@ years for falls leading to hospitalization or outpatient care.
data were analyzed with flexible parametric survival models that adjusted for potential confounders.
results for the 10-year follow-up period were similar.
no significant associations were detected in women.
although pain is less prevalent in men than in women , its impact on risk of injurious falls seems to be greater in men.
data for this study were gathered using the world health organization qol-bref questionnaire.
mean qol scores were compared across demographic , socioeconomic , and clinical variables using analysis of variance , t test , and regression analysis.
findings indicate that respondents were least satisfied with the environmental and physical domains of qol.
these factors should thus be taken into account when developing interventions aimed at improving the qol of the elderly in lesotho.
human exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to be associated with the development of bladder , lung , kidney , and skin cancers.
the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic effects of arsenic species remain incompletely understood.
here , we demonstrated that as hypertension is among the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease and accounts for @percent@ of adult deaths worldwide.
accordingly , management of hypertension and its long-term complications in hiv-infected subjects is a significant component of routine care.
humans have a complex diet , which illustrates the need to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between these bioactive compounds in combination.
no adverse effects were observed on control cells at optimal concentrations.
hdac expression was down-regulated at multiple levels.
brain plasticity is vulnerable to the normal aging process and affected in schizophrenia : brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) is an important neuroplasticity molecule.
the present review explores the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia by comparing changes in bdnf expression in schizophrenia with aging-associated changes.
an overall decrease is observed in bdnf expression in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and in older individuals compared to a younger cohort.
accelerated aging hypothesis is supported based on frontal regions and peripheral studies ; however , further studies are needed in other brain regions.
the human preterm brain is particularly susceptible to cerebral white matter injury ( wmi ) that disrupts the normal progression of developmental myelination.
nevertheless , wmi remains a global health problem and the most common cause of chronic neurological morbidity from cerebral palsy and diverse neurobehavioral disabilities.
the magnitude and distribution of diffuse wmi are related to both the timing of appearance and regional distribution of susceptible preols.
diffuse wmi disrupts the normal progression of ol lineage maturation and myelination through aberrant mechanisms of regeneration and repair.
preol degeneration is accompanied by early robust proliferation of ol progenitors that regenerate and augment the preol pool available to generate myelinating ols.
however , newly generated preols fail to differentiate and initiate myelination along their normal developmental trajectory despite the presence of numerous intact-appearing axons.
signaling pathways implicated in disrupted myelination include those mediated by notch , wnt-beta catenin , and hyaluronan.
aim : to analyse the impact of octogenarian donors in liver transplantation.
methods : we present a retrospective single-center study , performed between @date@ and @date@ , that comprises a sample of @number@ liver transplants.
aging is associated with widespread changes in genome-wide patterns of dna methylation.
thousands of cpg sites whose tissue-specific methylation levels are strongly correlated with chronological age have been previously identified.
we confirmed that an age-associated site in the promoter of the gene co-morbidities increase markedly with aging , and they often negatively affect its prognosis.
some prognostic metrics have been reported to guide better patient selection ; however , universal risk stratification measures have not been established.
we retrospectively reviewed @number@ patients who underwent tmvr , and @number@ who died in hospital was excluded.
cox proportional hazard models were applied to select the demographic characteristics that were associated with cumulative mortality.
receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed for predicting all-cause mortality , and discriminatory performance was assessed.
kaplan-meier curve demonstrated that the age-adjusted cci ≥ @number@ had poor prognosis after tmvr.
in conclusions , the age-adjusted cci could predict mortality and had a good discriminative performance for predicting longer term outcomes in patients who underwent tmvr.
the clinical phenotype was characterized by early onset dementia in @number@ affected subjects over @number@ generations.
detailed clinical , imaging and genetic assessment was performed.
we highlighted the presence of unusual symptoms such as frontal executive syndrome , psychosis and spastic paraparesis in these patients.
these neuroimaging results were consistent with recent findings about the association between sporadic ad and distinct and circumscribed cerebellar atrophy.
the present work acknowledged the novel psen1 pathogenic mutation m84v and might contribute to the ongoing debate about the involvement of cerebellum in ad.
imaging analyses with magnetic resonance scan showed diffuse atrophy in the frontoparietal regions.
this hypothesis was supported by the results from the in silico analyses , predicted a major kink on this helix.
several leucine > proline substitutions in other psen1 transmembrane helices revealed aggressive ad phenotypes.
future functional studies would be needed to evaluate the pathogenicity of this mutation in ad.
wireless inertial sensors can accurately measure numerous walking and balance parameters but these measures require evaluation of reliability in pwms.
ten instrumented standing balance measures and @number@ instrumented tug measures were computed from the wireless sensor data.
intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of all instrumented standing balance and instrumented tug measures.
correlations were evaluated between the instrumented standing balance and instrumented tug measures and self-reported walking and balance performance , fall history , and clinical disability.
results : for both groups , iccs for instrumented standing balance measures were best for spatio-temporal measures , while frequency measures were less reliable.
all instrumented tug measures exhibited good to excellent ( iccs > @number@ ) test-retest reliability in pwms and in hc.
a subset of the most reliable measures is recommended for measuring walking and balance in clinical settings.
research on aging and vision has increased dramatically over the past few decades.
glaucoma is a complex disorder of aging defined by the death of retinal ganglion cells and remodeling of connective tissues at the optic nerve head.
intraocular pressure-induced axonal injury at the optic nerve head leads to apoptosis.
loss of retinal ganglion cells follows a slowly progressive sequence.
clinical features of the disease have suggested and corroborated pathological events.
sedentary behaviour ( sb ) has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for different health outcomes.
older adults accumulate long time in sb.
understanding the role that sb plays on health is crucial for a successful aging.
finally , only @number@ articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
a significant association of sb with higher odds of frailty was found , however this association disappeared after adjusting for cognitive status.
in conclusion , there is consistency that sb is negatively associated with physical performance.
however , the relationship between objectively measured sb and frailty incidence and mortality rates remains unclear and deserves further research.
this will ultimately help designing more efficient and comprehensive physical activity guidelines for older adults.
chronic and degenerative diseases are the main causes of death in the aging population worldwide.
these diseases are currently maintained using long term administration of conventional drugs which are not curative and reduce the life quality of patients.
it is urgent to develop new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these diseases.
cell therapy that involves the injection of viable cell into patients is a promising therapeutic strategy in chronic and degenerative diseases.
however , the survival of injected cells in host tissue is limited due to immunoresponse.
cell encapsulation potentially improves treatment approaches using viable cells and overcome the immuno-rejection following cell transplantation.
then , the recently developed technologies and approaches employed to encapsulate cells are summarized and compared in benefits and flaws.
more importantly , the insights and significance of the encapsulated cells are also discussed in the application of treating various diseases.
biological aging measures have been proposed as proxies for extension of healthy life span in trials of geroprotective therapies that aim to slow aging.
several methods to measure biological aging show promise but it is not known if these methods are sensitive to changes caused by geroprotective therapy.
we conducted analysis of two proposed methods to quantify biological aging using data from a recently concluded trial of an established geroprotector , caloric restriction.
we obtained data from the national institute on aging calerie randomized trial through its public-access biobank ( @url@
we analyzed biomarker data collected at baseline , 12- , and 24-month follow-up assessments.
we applied published biomarker algorithms to these data to calculate two biological age measures , klemera-doubal method biological age and homeostatic dysregulation.
intent-to-treat analysis using mixed-effects growth models of within-person change over time tested if caloric restriction slowed increase in measures of biological aging across follow-up.
analyses of both measures indicated caloric restriction slowed biological aging.
weight loss did not account for the observed effects.
results suggest future directions for testing of geroprotective therapies in humans.
in this context , the development of single multitargeted therapeutics directed against two or more disease mechanisms could be advantageous.
several examples are brain-penetrant and exhibit balanced multitargeted in vitro activity in the low μm range.
background : injection therapies are often considered alongside exercise for chronic midportion achilles tendinopathy ( at ) , although evidence of their efficacy is sparse.
study design : randomized controlled trial ; level of evidence , @number@
randomization was stratified for age , function , and symptom severity ( victorian institute of sports assessment-achilles [ visa-a ] ) .
outcomes were assessed at baseline and at @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks of follow-up.
muscle function improved in the entire cohort with no difference between the groups.
hvi may be more effective in improving outcomes of chronic at than prp in the short term.
registration : nct02417987 ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier ) .
normal fluid status ( dry weight ) can be identified by hydration markers established in the healthy population.
the general population average could be influenced by age with its accompanying physiological changes and / or illness.
subjects from the general population ( n = @number@ males @number@ @percent@ white , @percent@ black , and @percent@ others ) were studied.
body weight , height and sbp were measured.
whole body and calf bioimpedance ( hydra @number@ ) methods were utilized with subjects in the supine position.
body mass index ( bmi ) , cnr , and ecv / tbw differed significantly between age groups , and genders.
ecv and fo increased with age in males.
cnr in group1 was the same as in @percent@ of subjects in group2 and @percent@ of subjects in group3.
in conclusion average cnr in group1 represents the range of healthy subjects.
since cnr is correlated with age , subjects in group2 and group3 are more likely to have fluid overload.
but how the bmmscs lose osteogenic capability in aging is unclear.
these results indicated that igf-1 overexpression enhanced cells ' osteogenic capability.
cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest program in response to various exogenous and endogenous stimuli like telomere dysfunction and dna damage.
in the past decades , numerous efforts have been made to uncover the gene regulatory mechanisms of cellular senescence.
there is a strong demand to integrate these data from various resources into one open platform.
potential human cellular senescence genes ( hcsgs ) were collected by combining information from published literatures , gene expression profiling data and protein-protein interaction networks.
additionally , genes are annotated with gene ontology annotation and microrna / drug / compound target information.
a wide variety of accelerometer systems , with differing sensor characteristics , are used to detect impact loading during physical activities.
the actigraph activity-monitoring accelerometer underestimated gmax by an average of @percent@ ; underestimation by the x6-2mini was not significant.
these effects explained @percent@ of the variance in gmax error for the actigraph system.
this study illustrates that both the type and intensity of activity should be considered when selecting an accelerometer for characterizing impact events.
materials and methods : this retrospective study did not use private identifiable information and thus did not constitute human subjects research.
characteristics were summarized descriptively.
results : a total of @number@ unique institutions received awards.
the top five funded institutions represented @percent@ of all funding.
phds received @percent@ of all awards , with average funding per award of $ 457 , 413 compared to $ 505 , 516 for mds.
average funding was $ 499 , 859 for multiple-pi awards vs. $ 397 , 932 for single-pi awards.
common spending categories included \ "neurosciences , \ " \ "cancer , \ " \ "prevention , \ " and \ "aging. \ "
conclusions : nih funding for diagnostic radiology departments has largely been awarded to senior-ranking male phd investigators , commonly at large major academic medical centers.
initiatives are warranted to address such disparities and promote greater diversity in nih funding among diagnostic radiology investigators.
we further used the seed-based functional connectivity to explore the remote rfmri connectivity in amci.
the results revealed significantly lower local connectivity in the default network and higher local connectivity in the somatomotor network in amci patients.
the abnormalities in the remote ( not local ) default network connectivity were significantly associated with episodic memory performance in patients.
these distance-related connectivity profiles illustrated a dysfunctional pattern in amci , which extended our knowledge of this pathological aging process.
the apoe ε4 allele increases the risk for sporadic alzheimer's disease and modifies brain activation patterns of numerous cognitive domains.
laron syndrome ( ls ) is a unique model of congenital igf-i deficiency.
it is characterized by dwarfism and obesity , and is caused by deletion or mutations of the growth hormone receptor ( gh-r ) gene.
this study investigated the impact of attention on the sensory and motor actions during postural recovery from underfoot perturbations in young and older adults.
the sensory modality of the rt task impacted the results with interference being greater for the auditory task compared to the visual task.
as motor complexity of the rt task increased ( disjunctive versus choice ) there was greater interference from the perturbation.
these results suggest that sensory and motoric components of postural control are under the influence of different dynamic attentional processes.
of @number@ patients screened , @number@ were eligible.
sixty-four patients ( @number@ in home oxygen alone and @number@ in home oxygen plus home niv ) completed the 12-month study period.
at @number@ months , @number@ patients had died in the home oxygen plus home niv group vs @number@ in the home oxygen alone group.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00990132.
background : skin aging is a multifactorial phenomenon which causes alterations in skin physiological functions and , most visibly , phenotypic changes.
in particular , during the aging process , hyaluronic acid , collagen , and elastin fibers undergo structural and functional changes.
methods : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted by an independent esthetic clinic on @number@ healthy volunteer subjects for @number@ days.
outcome measures were related to skin elasticity ( expressed as young's elasticity modulus ) and skin architecture ( histological analysis ) .
in addition , the subjects recruited in this study underwent observational assessments through self-assessment questionnaires.
we also obtained a positive patient feedback through the self-assessment questionnaires.
taken together these results show that this nutricosmeceutical supplement may have photo-protective effects and help improve skin health.
background : the effect of the grab bar on dynamic stability when elderly people enter the bathtub remains unclear.
methods : sixteen young , healthy adults and sixteen elderly adults participated.
the subjects performed lateral stepping over an obstacle with and without vertical and horizontal bars.
interpretation : the use of each grab bar while performing a lateral step over an obstacle may help maintaining balance in lateral and vertical directions.
however , use of the vertical bar while lateral stepping over an object in elderly people may need low utilized friction to prevent slipping.
background : technological advances are leading to the ability to autonomously monitor patient's health status in their own homes , to enable aging-in-place.
objectives : to understand the perceptions of seniors with heart failure ( hf ) regarding smart-home systems to monitor their physiological parameters.
afterwards , a semi-structured interview was undertaken.
these were transcribed and analyzed using an interpretive-descriptive approach.
conclusions : patient perception towards autonomous monitoring devices was positive , lending credence to zero-effort technology as a viable and promising approach.
this study aimed to document and compare the decline of upper limb performance among adults with myotonic dystrophy type @number@ according to phenotype and gender.
a longitudinal descriptive design compared upper limb performance at baseline and follow-up of @number@ women and @number@ men with the late-onset or adult phenotypes.
grip strength and pinch strength as well as gross dexterity and fine dexterity were assessed.
all four performance measures decreased significantly ( p < 0.001 ) .
the decline over time was similar for individuals with the late-onset and adult-onset phenotypes , but differed according to gender.
given these results , health professionals and researchers should consider phenotype and gender differently when planning health services or future studies.
indeed , as their upper limb strength and dexterity differed , even if their decline was similar , the phenotypes should not be pooled.
finally , the use of the pinch gauge to assess long-term change in upper limb ability seems preferable to the three other measurements.
aging is known to have deleterious effects on cerebral white matter , yet little is known about these white matter alterations in advanced age.
for the corpus callosum , the effect of age on genu fractional anisotropy was significantly weaker than the relationship between age and splenium fractional anisotropy.
instead , white matter in these regions appears to remain vulnerable to normal aging processes through the 10th decade of life.
we screened @number@ als patients and @number@ healthy controls from india for c9orf72 and atxn2 repeat expansions.
long atxn2 polyq repeats ( ≥33qs ) were not present in any of the als patients or controls.
our findings highlight the need for large-scale multicenter studies on indian als patients to better understand the underlying genetic causes.
introduction : self-rated health is an individual and subjective conceptualization involving the intersection of biological , social and psychological factors.
it provides an invaluable and unique evaluation of a person's general health status.
materials and methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study based on a national representative sample of @number@ adults of @number@ years of age and older.
the proposed conceptual model was validated using a general structural equation model with a logit link function for positive self-rated health.
conclusions : a parsimonious theoretical model was empirically evaluated , which enabled identifying direct and indirect associations with positive self-rated health.
background : processing speed has been highlighted as a diagnostic item for neurocognitive disorders ( ncd ) in dsm-5.
the utility of information processing speed ( ips ) enclosed with multiscale constructs in the diagnosis of ncd warrants exploration.
methods : the ips was evaluated using trail making test ( tmt ) and flanker test ( n = @number@ ) .
direct scores , derived scores , and reaction time ( rt ) were used as ips measures.
further , surface-based morphometry cortical volume was calculated in a subsample ( n = @number@ ) with structural mri data.
results : all ips measures showed a significant value to differentiate ncd patients from healthy subjects.
only mean rt could distinguish ncd-ad from ncd-vascular groups.
tmt-b score and difference score were correlated with gray matter volume ( gmv ) of inferior frontal gyrus , precuneus and superior temporal cortex.
conclusion : the cognitive and morphometric correlates of ips measures indicate that complex ips might be decomposed into the domain-specific components with corresponding neural underpinnings.
our findings may also provide essential insights into the diagnostic item of ncd.
formal social support did not mediate the relationship between caregiver burden and qol.
the findings underscored the need to support aging parents of adult children with asd through enhancing their informal social support networks.
whereas tamoxifen displays partial er agonistic effects in bone , aromatase inhibitors increase bone resorption and fracture risk.
the wnt inhibitors dickkopf-1 ( dkk-1 ) and sclerostin negatively impact bone formation and are considered targets for the treatment of bone disorders.
however , the effect of endocrine therapies on serum dkk-1 and sclerostin levels in patients with primary breast cancer remains elusive.
results : mean baseline levels ±sd for dkk-1 and sclerostin were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ pmol / l , respectively.
a significant negative correlation of dkk-1 levels and age was observed ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) , but not for sclerostin.
of note , dkk-1 levels were significantly lower in peri- and postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal patients ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) .
no significant changes were observed for sclerostin.
conclusion : dkk-1 serum levels were reduced in breast cancer patients receiving an adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen , possibly contributing to its bone-protective properties.
background and purpose : little is known about factors that predispose older adults to poor recovery after a stroke.
in this study , we sought to evaluate prestroke measures of frailty and related factors as markers of vulnerability to poor outcomes after ischemic stroke.
among participants < 80 years of age , frailty and interleukin-6 were also associated with shorter survival.
c-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were associated with poststroke cognitive decline among men only.
frailty status was associated with activities of daily living decline among women only.
conclusions : markers of physical function-walking speed and grip strength-were consistently associated with survival and recovery after ischemic stroke.
inflammation , kidney function , and frailty also seemed to be determinants of survival and recovery after an ischemic stroke.
these markers of vulnerability may identify targets for differing pre and poststroke medical management and rehabilitation among older adults at risk of poor stroke outcomes.
cumulative long-term exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation promotes premature skin aging characterized by wrinkle formation and reduced skin elasticity.
in this study , we assessed whether microfat transfer could improve dermal and subcutaneous tissue thickness loss associated with photoaging.
however , its detrimental effects on human skin cell remain unclear.
most important , we found that ahr antagonist efficiently revert the aging of skin cells.
thus our novel findings firstly revealed the mechanism of skin aging under pah contamination and provided potential strategy for clinical application.
cognitive impairment is a common and disabling problem in parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we genotyped @number@ pd patients from the pd cognitive genetics consortium for @number@ variants using the neurox array.
for common variants , we used linear regression to test for association between genotype and cognitive performance with adjustment for important covariates.
rare variants were analyzed using the optimal unified sequence kernel association test.
therefore , tau protein has been focused recently as the new target for the treatment of alzheimer's disease.
h aging is a natural process of declining organ function and reserve.
census data show that the geriatric population is expected to grow to nearly @percent@.
more than half of geriatric patients have @number@ or more surgical procedures in their lifetimes.
moreover , this is the population at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality with any given complication.
there is remarkable variability in health across the age spectrum , from fit to frail and compromised.
aging represents the major risk factor for cancer.
cancer and aging are characterized by a similar dysregulated metabolism consisting in upregulation of glycolysis and downmodulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
in this respect , metabolic interventions can be viewed as promising strategies to promote longevity and to prevent or delay age-related disorders including cancer.
reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis caused by aging and neurological disorders would impair neural circuits and result in memory loss.
a new lead compound ( acetamide @number@ ) has been discovered to efficiently stimulate adult rats ' neurogenesis.
when added to a ' fresh ' orange flavor model system , 50-60% of the isolates were reported to cause a sensory change.
the compounds were identified as nomilin glucoside and a novel ionone glucoside.
study objectives : menopausal transition is associated with increased dissatisfaction with sleep , but the effects on sleep architecture are conflicting.
this prospective 6-year follow-up study was designed to evaluate the changes in sleep stages and sleep continuity that occur in women during menopausal transition.
methods : sixty women ( mean age @number@ years , sd @number@ ) participated.
all women were premenopausal at baseline , and at the 6-year follow-up , women were in different stages of menopausal transition.
polysomnography was used to study sleep architecture at baseline and follow-up.
higher s-fsh concentration in menopausal transition was associated with increased sws ( b @number@ 95%ci @number@ to @number@ ) after controlling for confounding factors.
background : frailty is an age-related clinical syndrome of decreased resilience to stressors and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes.
we examined frailty prevalence in china by sociodemographics and geographic region , and investigated correlates of frailty.
methods : participants were @number@ adults aged ≥60 years from the china health and retirement longitudinal study.
frailty was identified by the validated physical frailty phenotype ( pfp ) scale.
we estimated frailty prevalence in the overall sample and by sociodemographics.
we identified age-adjusted frailty prevalence by geographical region.
bivariate associations of frailty with health and function measures were evaluated by chi-squared test and analysis of variance.
results : we found @percent@ of adults aged @number@ years or older were frail.
frailty is more prevalent at advanced ages , among women , and persons with low education.
frail versus nonfrail persons had higher prevalence of comorbidities , falls , disability , and functional limitation.
purpose : we investigated cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) in patients with incidental retinal vein occlusion ( rvo ) .
the characteristics of underlying cardiovascular disease and mri findings were compared between the younger patients with rvo and age-matched controls.
the cerebrovascular burden also was assessed in the younger patients with rvo.
the older rvo group had a longer history of hypertension and less smoking history.
there was no difference in prevalence of cerebral svd between the central and branch rvo groups ( p = @number@ ) .
caspases are at the core of executing apoptosis by orchestrating cellular destruction with proteolytic cascades.
caspase-mediated proteolysis also controls diverse nonlethal cellular activities such as proliferation , differentiation , cell fate decision , and cytoskeletal reorganization.
aging is associated with a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system.
however , the positive influence of physical activity on the immune system has not been elucidated.
besides controlled experimental tasks , it is equally crucial to investigate language in unconstrained conversation.
although vocabulary diversity increases throughout the lifetime , grammatical diversities follow a different pattern , which also differs between women and men.
aims : to investigate the excess mortality registered in the veneto region ( northern italy ) in @number@
methods : a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model was applied to predict overall mortality expected in 2014-2015 based on that observed in 2000-2013.
the annual percent change in age-standardized rates ( apc ) was estimated for specific causes of death in 2007-2015.
results : compared to @number@ the number of deaths and the overall age-standardized mortality increased in @number@ by @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting a significant portion of the world's rapidly growing aging population.
in spite of its prevalence , the etiology of the disease is still poorly understood , and effective therapy is all but unavailable.
in this chapter , we review recent progress on understanding the role of noncoding rna in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the majority of available work has focused on mirna , and we review the many studies implicating specific mirnas in the development of the disease.
finally , we explore the potential promise of these findings for future therapeutic applications.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a complex neurodegenerative disease , affecting millions of people worldwide.
therefore , in recent years , research has begun to investigate epigenetic mechanisms for a potential role in disease etiology.
finally , we discuss how new technological advances could further progress the research field.
autophagy is a catabolic degradation system used to destroy and recycle the unnecessary or damaged components of a cell.
autophagy is present at a basal level in all mammals and is regulated by some conditions , such as oxidative stress , starvation or hypoxia.
in aged tissues , increased but also decreased expression of autophagy-specific proteins , beclin @number@ lc3 , atg5 and atg7 has been reported.
likewise , it could be shown that the lifespan of yeast , nematodes and flies is prolonged by pharmacologically stimulated autophagy using exogenous administered spermidine.
autophagy is potentially implicated in acute lung injury and sepsis , two main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
the percentage of diffuse colonies was also found to correlate with the sa-βgal positive cells in mass culture.
moreover , a significant inverse correlation ( r = -0.94 , p = 0.0001 ) between the percentage of diffuse colonies and eco-f was found.
we compared the association of ct and anthropometric measures of obesity with kidney outcomes in the health aging and body composition study.
design , setting , participants , & measurements : participants were recruited from march of @number@ through july of @number@
kidney outcomes included kidney function ( kf ) decline ( @percent@ decrease in egfr results : two-thousand four-hundred and eighty-nine individuals were included.
mean age was 74±3 years , @percent@ were men , @percent@ were black , @percent@ were hypertensive , and @percent@ were diabetic.
kf decline occurred in @percent@ of the population , whereas incident ckd also occurred in @percent@ of those at risk.
with advanced age comes a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases.
moreover , elderly humans fair worse after acute diseases , namely infection , leading to higher rates of infection-mediated mortality.
an often overlooked , yet increasingly common , behavior in older individuals is alcohol consumption.
none : population : ( d objectives : myofibromas are uncommon soft tissue tumors exhibiting considerable histopathologic overlap with other benign and malignant entities.
the treatment of lesions arising in the oral cavity is controversial.
here , we present @number@ new cases and review the literature.
demographic information and immunohistochemical results were recorded.
results : in total , @number@ cases were identified : @number@ from our present series and @number@ from the literature.
the distribution by gender was @percent@ male and @percent@ female , and the mean age was @number@ years.
only @number@ patients had known multiple lesions.
treatment modalities varied greatly.
of those with follow-up information , only @number@ were cases with recurrences.
conclusions : myofibromas may resemble several other entities.
because of the potential for multiple ( perhaps visceral ) lesions and the possibility of overtreatment , accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance.
reports of cases with minimally invasive treatment are sparse , and no standardized treatment protocol has been established.
this information should be a priority for future publications.
objectives : in older adults , traditional metrics derived from polysomnography ( psg ) are not well correlated with subjective sleep quality.
therefore , we examined the relationship between subjective sleep quality and objective sleep characteristics ( standard psg and qeeg ) across middle to older adulthood.
multivariable models were constructed using two machine learning methods , namely lasso penalized regressions and random forests.
results : little variance was explained across models.
despite this , there were no major differences in the predictors of subjective sleep across the age span.
conclusion : standard metrics derived from psg , including qeeg , contribute little to explaining subjective sleep quality in middle-aged to older adults.
introduction : prodromal markers of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) have been derived from wakefulness.
results : perfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly decreased in amci cases compared to controls for both conditions.
hypoperfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex during rem sleep allowed better classification than hypoperfusion found in wakefulness ( @number@ vs @percent@ ) .
conclusion : rem sleep imaging is a valuable tool with which to identify individuals at risk of developing ad.
the use of neuromodulators for therapeutic and cosmetic indications has proven to be remarkably safe.
the therapeutic usages of botulinum toxins now include multiple specialties and multiple indications.
new aesthetic indications have also developed , and there has been an increased utilization of combination therapies to combat the effects of global aging.
this syndrome is caused by heterozygous de novo mutations in the pold1 gene.
to date , @number@ patients with mdpl have been reported in the literature and among them @number@ patients have been characterized at the molecular level.
additionally and interestingly , germline mutations of the same gene have been involved in familial polyposis and colorectal cancer ( crc ) predisposition.
patients and methods : we describe a male and a female patient with mdpl respectively affected with mild and severe phenotypes.
this mutation was not reported in the @number@ genome project , dbsnp and exome sequencing databases.
these results also suggest that pold1 gene testing should be considered in patients presenting with severe progeroid features.
background : older adults are the fastest growing segment of the world's population.
primary outcomes will include measures of sb ( time spent sedentary ) and pa ( counts per minute ) .
a process evaluation will be conducted throughout the trial.
the full analysis set will follow an intention-to-treat principle and will include all randomised participants for whom a baseline assessment is conducted.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02629666 .
registered @date@ .
background : colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally.
it is the second most common cancer among both males and females in malaysia.
the economic burden of colorectal cancer is likely to increase over time owing to its current trend and aging population.
cancer survival analysis is an essential indicator for early detection and improvement in cancer treatment.
however , there was a scarcity of studies concerning survival of colorectal cancer patients as well as its predictors.
methods : this was an ambidirectional cohort study conducted at the university malaya medical centre ( ummc ) in kuala lumpur , malaysia.
all malaysian citizens or permanent residents with histologically confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer seen at ummc from @date@ to @date@ were included in the study.
demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical records.
patients were followed-up until death or censored at the end of the study ( @date@ ) .
censored patients ' vital status ( whether alive or dead ) were cross checked with the national registration department.
survival analyses at 1- , 3- and 5-year intervals were performed using the kaplan-meier method.
the chinese patients had the lowest 5-year survival compared to malay and indian patients.
males and patients from the chinese ethnic group had lower survival rates compared to their counterparts.
more advanced staging and late presentation were important predictors of colorectal cancer survival.
a nationwide colorectal cancer screening program should be designed and implemented to increase early detection and improve survival outcomes.
this study contributes to the limited literature on lay longevity reckonings , with a particular focus on how these reckonings may influence health behaviours.
participants indicated their longevity estimation was guided by three key frameworks : family history , environment and lifestyle factors and lived experience.
the reckoning process was also moderated by assumptions about loci of control and self-efficacy and the information available to participants.
biological and epidemiological evidence has linked early-life psychosocial stress with late-life health , with inflammation as a potential mechanism.
the cache county memory study is a prospective study of persons initially aged @number@ and older in @number@
findings revealed pfd during childhood to be significantly associated with crp ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
early adulthood pfd was not related to crp.
data were from the 2005-2006 and 2010-2011 waves of the u.s. national social life , health , and aging project.
inflammation was indicated by c-reactive protein and depression by the ces-d scale.
cardiometabolic markers included hemoglobin a1c and systolic bp.
lagged dependent variable models were used to examine effects.
no such effects were found among women.
contrary to a growing clinical literature , depression may not increase cardiometabolic risk among older adults on average.
moderators that may interact with depression to yield such effects in delimited samples remain to be identified.
inflammation , in contrast , does seem linked to increase in physiological risk-but only among men , not women.
clinical research is needed to identify biological factors responsible for this sex difference.
the mechanisms linking indicators of religious involvement with indicators of cellular aging are also undefined.
we also tested several potential mechanisms.
respondents who increased their level of attendance from @number@ to @number@ also exhibited lower rates of smoking in @number@
we conclude that religious attendance may promote telomere length indirectly by reducing symptoms of depression and the risk of smoking.
there was no evidence to support stressful events or c-reactive protein as mechanisms of religious attendance.
driving ability in the elderly and cognitively impaired is of growing demographic relevance.
driving represents a complex task for which multiple central resources are needed.
in normal aging , people are often able to self-regulate driving behavior with respect to their medical conditions.
some studies demonstrated that older drivers perform well compared with younger drivers.
others suggest a decline of driving ability in the process of normal aging and an increasing involvement of older drivers in car crashes.
however , these findings have been questioned because of several possible biases.
therefore , unnecessary driving restrictions need to be avoided.
weight loss through an energy-restricted diet together with increased energy expenditure through physical activity contribute to the prevention and treatment of mets.
a mediterranean-type diet , with or without energy restriction , is an effective treatment component.
quitting smoking and reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and meat and meat products are mandatory.
nevertheless , there are inconsistencies and gaps in the evidence , and additional research is needed to define the most appropriate therapies for mets.
life-span development is inherently linked to the perception of time and associated temporal construals.
such concepts are multi-faceted in nature and have important practical implications in areas such as time management , financial planning , or medical choices.
the present article draws attention to developmental trajectories of self-continuity , defined as perceived associations of one's present self with past and future selves.
we conclude by highlighting open theoretical questions and considering the practical implications of an increased sense of self-continuity with advancing age.
associations between social support and age-related cognitive decline vary across different relationship types for men and women.
additionally , longitudinal structural mri and dat scan data were included.
univariate analyses were run initially , with false discovery rate = @number@ to select biomarker variables for inclusion in multivariable longitudinal mixed-effect models.
results : by year @number@ cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 15-38% participants depending on the criteria applied.
background : muscle atrophy with aging is closely associated with chronic systemic inflammation and lifestyle-related diseases.
trial registration : umin-ctr no.
umin000024544 and no.
umin000024912.
objectives : to examine how disparities in adult disability by educational attainment vary across us states.
methods : we used the nationally representative data of more than @number@ million adults aged @number@ to @number@ years in the 2010-2014 american community survey.
we defined disability as difficulty with activities of daily living.
we estimated age-standardized disability prevalence by educational attainment and state.
results : disparities in disability by education vary markedly across states-from a @number@ percentage point disparity in massachusetts to a 12-point disparity in wyoming.
disparities vary across states mainly because the prevalence of disability among low-educated adults varies across states.
personal and contextual socioeconomic resources of low-educated adults account for @percent@ of the variation.
tau is a microtubule-associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal degeneration.
however , tau has also been found in the extracellular medium.
recent studies indicated that extracellular tau uploaded from neurons causes synaptic dysfunction and contributes to tau pathology propagation.
nad + was also demonstrated by the authors to improve the life span of mice.
cox et al. ( ) demonstrated the cardiac effects of nad + which mitigated chronic heart failure via mitochondrial redox state mechanism.
although nad + has a profound anti-aging and anti-oxidant effects , its effect on humans and use as a dietary supplement needs more exploration.
polyploidization results from cytokinesis failure that takes place progressively during the course of postnatal development.
here we review the current knowledge on the mechanism of hepatocytes polyploidization during postnatal growth , aging , and liver diseases.
the biologic significance of polyploidization in senescent reversal , within the context of new ways to think of liver aging and liver diseases is considered.
accumulation of senescent cells occurs with organismal aging and through continual culturing in vitro.
senescent cells influence many biological processes , including embryonic development , tissue repair and regeneration , tumor suppression , and aging.
electroencephalography ( eeg ) power is an advantageous technique to assess infant functional neural activation.
however , many studies record infant eeg only during one baseline condition.
the within-subjects paradigm includes four controlled conditions.
in the nonsocial condition , infants view objects on computer screens.
the joint attention condition involves an experimenter directing the infant's attention to pictures.
the joint attention condition includes three types of social input : language , face-to-face interaction , and the presence of joint attention.
differences in infant eeg between the nonsocial and joint attention conditions could be due to any of these three types of input.
this protocol describes a technique for incorporating sensory adaptation into the simulations.
the protocol is illustrated with the example of color vision , but is generally applicable to any form of visual adaptation.
the gains of the mechanisms are adapted so that their mean response under one context is equated for a different context.
they also provide a common metric for exploring the effects of adaptation within different observers or different environments.
background : red blood cells collected in can be stored for up to @number@ days at @number@ °c in additive solution.
during this controlled , but nevertheless artificial , ex vivo ageing , red blood cells accumulate lesions that can be reversible or irreversible upon transfusion.
the aim of the present study is to follow several parameters reflecting cell metabolism , antioxidant defences , morphology and membrane dynamics during storage.
materials and methods : five erythrocyte concentrates were followed weekly during @number@ days.
extracellular glucose and lactate concentrations , total antioxidant power , as well as reduced and oxidised intracellular glutathione levels were quantified.
microvesiculation , percentage of haemolysis and haematologic parameters were also evaluated.
finally , morphological changes and membrane fluctuations were recorded using label-free digital holographic microscopy.
results : the antioxidant power as well as the intracellular glutathione concentration first increased , reaching maximal values after one and two weeks , respectively.
irreversible morphological lesions appeared during week @number@ where discocytes began to transform into transient echinocytes and finally spherocytes.
at the same time , the microvesiculation and haemolysis started to rise exponentially.
after six weeks ( expiration date ) , intracellular glutathione was reduced by @percent@ , reflecting increasing oxidative stress.
the membrane fluctuations showed decreased amplitudes during shape transition from discocytes to spherocytes.
discussion : various types of lesions accumulated at different chemical and cellular levels during storage , which could impact their in vivo recovery after transfusion.
a marked effect was observed after four weeks of storage , which corroborates recent clinical data.
the prolonged follow-up period allowed the capture of deep storage lesions.
interestingly , and as previously described , the severity of the changes differed among donors.
background : during its @number@ days sojourn in the circulation , the red blood cell ( rbc ) remodels its membrane.
results : during ageing in vivo , the enzymatic activity of ache decreases , but not the ache protein concentration.
in contrast , neither ache activity nor concentration show a consistent , significant decrease during ageing in vitro.
cd59 , another gpi-linked protein that protects against complement-induced removal , also remains constant during storage.
the cellular content of the integral membrane protein glycophorin a , however , decreases with storage time in the more dense rbc fractions.
the latter are enriched in echinocytes and other misshapen cells during storage.
discussion : our findings suggest that , during rbc ageing , gpi-linked proteins and integral membrane proteins are differentially sorted.
also , the vesicles that are generated in vitro show a fast and extensive loss of ache activity , but not of ache expression.
this information may help to understand rbc homeostasis and the effects of transfusion , especially in immunologically compromised patients.
red blood cells ( rbcs ) units are the most requested transfusion product worldwide.
individuals ' moral identity motivation was coded and categorized as external , internal , or relationship-oriented.
it was found that with age , external moral identity motivation decreased , whereas internal moral identity motivation increased.
effects of age were stronger in adolescence and emerging adulthood than in young adulthood and middle age.
findings underscore the developmental nature of the moral identity construct and suggest that moral motivation becomes more self-integrated with age.
( psycinfo database record non-melanoma skin cancer and its precursor lesions are common diagnoses in dermatological practice , due to rising incidence and prevalence.
diagnosis is often clinical with subsequent histological confirmation.
first-choice treatment for invasive carcinomas is complete surgical excision.
other therapeutic options , such as radiation or systemic therapies , should only be considered when excision is impossible.
especially regarding precursor lesions , the therapeutic options are numerous and should be adapted to the individual patient.
the main risk factor for development of non-melanoma skin cancer and its precursor lesions is chronic uv exposure.
a possible occupational context should always be considered.
preventative methods based on patient education and adequate sun protection behavior are particularly important.
the prognosis of non-melanoma skin cancer improves significantly with early diagnosis , as well as with guideline-compatible treatment and follow-up.
in recent years , evidence has accumulated that incriminates ages in pathogenic processes associated with both chronic hyperglycaemia and age-related diseases.
however , it remains to be demonstrated whether preventing the accumulation of ages and their effects is an important therapeutic option for successful ageing.
even though strong connections have been highlighted between glycation and age-related pathogenesis , causal links still need to be validated.
finally , we present some promising anti-age strategies that are currently being studied.
flavin-containing monooxygenases ( fmos ) are primarily studied as xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes with a prominent role in drug metabolism.
in contrast , endogenous functions and substrates of fmos are less well understood.
a growing body of recent evidence , however , implicates fmos in aging , several diseases , and metabolic pathways.
synapses are functionally distinct neuronal compartments that are critical for brain function , with synaptic dysfunction being an early pathological feature in aging and disease.
autophagic mechanisms are cellular digestion processes that recycle cellular components and contribute to protein homeostasis.
autophagy is important within the nervous system , but its function in specific compartments such as the synapse has been unclear.
exciting new work on autophagy-modulating proteins that are enriched at the synapse has begun to link autophagy to synapses and synaptic dysfunction in disease.
a better understanding of these links will help us harness the potential therapeutic benefits of autophagy in combating age-related disorders of the nervous system.
we aim to conduct a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of health promotion interventions on social isolation or loneliness in older people.
two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer.
data will be extracted using a predefined pro forma following best practice.
study quality will be assessed with the effective public health practice project quality assessment tool.
a narrative synthesis of all studies will be presented by type of outcome ( social isolation or loneliness ) and type of intervention.
if feasible , the effectiveness data will be synthesised using appropriate statistical techniques.
ethics and dissemination : this systematic review is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents.
the findings of the review will be disseminated in a related peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.
they will also contribute to a dphil thesis.
trial registration number : crd42016039650.
background : finding ways to optimise health in older age is key to reducing the impact of population ageing on health and social care systems.
methods : systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published in peer-reviewed journals between @date@ and @date@ .
selection criteria included community dwelling populations aged @number@ years and over and publications written in english.
data on study population , design , measures of health status , factors within the four previously stated domains and results were extracted.
study quality was independently assessed using an appraisal instrument.
results : twenty-three publications , including @number@ @number@ participants , from more than @number@ different countries were identified for inclusion in this review.
there was strong evidence that higher scores of self-rated health , psychological well-being and life satisfaction were associated with better health in older age.
social network and contact with family and friends , and engagement in leisure and social activities were important support mechanisms.
education and financial resources consistently proved to be key economic health assets for older adults.
conclusions : implementing an asset-based approach to health promotion uncovers the skills , knowledge , connections and potential of the individual and the community.
in renal failure , hyperphosphatemia occurs despite a marked elevation in serum fibroblast growth factor ( fgf ) -23.
abnormal regulation of the fgfr1-klotho receptor complex may cause a resistance to the phosphaturic action of fgf23.
in normal rats , the infusion of rat recombinant fgf23 enhanced phosphaturia and increased renal fgfr1 expression ; however , klotho expression was reduced.
after neutralization of fgf23 by anti-fgf23 administration , phosphaturia was still abundant , klotho expression remained low , and the fgfr1 level was reduced.
these results suggest that the expression of renal klotho is modulated by phosphaturia , whereas the fgfr1 expression is regulated by fgf23.
calcitriol ( ctr ) administration prevented a decrease in renal klotho expression.
in hek293 cells hp produced nuclear translocation of β-catenin , together with a reduction in klotho.
wnt / β-catenin inhibition with dkk-1 prevented the p-induced down-regulation of klotho.
the addition of ctr to hp medium was able to recover klotho expression.
background : sustained remodeling of extracellular matrix can compromise organs and tissues.
procollagen type iii n-terminal propeptide ( piiinp ) and collagen type i carboxy-terminal telopeptide ( ictp ) reflect collagen synthesis and degradation.
we studied their predictive value for future death and disease.
median follow-up was @number@ years.
we used poisson regression to study baseline ictp and piiinp relative to these outcomes.
cvd outcome was generally unrelated to piiinp but became marginally inversely related to ictp in the most adjusted model.
conclusions : the collagen biomarkers piiinp and ictp , in part through pathophysiologically parallel associations with renal function , predicted chrird and total death.
moreover , piiinp predicted future cancer.
these collagen markers may help differentiate healthy from unhealthy aging.
dopamine decreases na-k-atpase ( nka ) activity by pkc-dependent phosphorylation and endocytosis of the nka α1.
dopamine-mediated regulation of nka is impaired in aging and some forms of hypertension.
this association is required for the dopamine-mediated regulation of nka.
in ok cells , dopamine decreases nherf-1 association with nka α1 but increases its association with d1r.
however , it is not known whether nherf-1 plays a role in dopamine-mediated nka regulation in animal models of hypertension.
background : a pragmatic , stepped wedge trial design can be an appealing design to evaluate complex interventions in real-life settings.
however , there are certain pitfalls that need to be considered.
results : the start of the trial was delayed which caused subsequent time schedule problems.
the requirement for individual informed consent for a quality improvement project made the inclusion more prone to selection bias.
most units experienced major difficulties in including patients , leading to excluding two of the eight units from participation.
this resulted in failing to include a similar number of patients in the control condition versus the intervention condition.
data on outcomes routinely collected in the electronic patient records were not accessible during the study , and appeared to be often missing during analyses.
trial registration : netherlands trial register , identifier : ntr3842 .
registered on @date@ .
nevertheless , the prospective potential support ratio usually focuses on the current mortality schedule , or period life expectancy.
instead , in this paper we look at the actual mortality experienced by cohorts in a population , using cohort life tables.
we analyse differences between the two perspectives using mortality models , historical data , and forecasted data.
cohort life expectancy takes future mortality improvements into account , unlike period life expectancy , leading to a higher prospective potential support ratio.
our results indicate that using cohort instead of period life expectancy returns around @number@ extra younger people per older person among the analysed countries.
we discuss the policy implications implied by our cohort measures.
developmental pathways that orchestrate the fleeting transition of endothelial cells into haematopoietic stem cells remain undefined.
for example , caveolin-1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species-induced cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction , which leads to senescence.
among these , we identified setd8 as a new target as well as a key regulator of the cellular senescence signaling.
this repressive effect of setd8 in senescence was mediated by directly maintaining the silencing mark h4k20me1 at the locus of the senescence switch gene p21.
further in support of this regulatory link , depletion of p21 reversed this setd8-mediated cellular senescence.
additionally , we found that pparγ acts upstream and regulates setd8 expression in proliferating cells.
downregulation of pparγ coincided with the senescence induction , while its activation inhibited the progression of this process.
this implies that setd8 may be part of a cell proliferation checkpoint mechanism and has important implications in antitumor therapeutics.
to fill this demand , the american geriatrics society geriatrics for specialist initiative established the geriatrics education for specialty residents program ( gsr ) .
with people aging , osteoporosis is expected to increase notably.
nutrients , such as fats , sugars , and proteins , play a primary function in bone metabolism and maintaining bone health.
moreover , high fat or high sugar ( fructose , glucose , or sucrose ) impart a significant impact on bone structural integrity.
due to diet being modifiable , demonstrating the effects of nutrition on bone health can provide an approach for osteoporosis prevention.
some studies , however , demonstrated that a high-fat diet contributes to achieving peak bone mass , along with microstructure , at a younger age.
high-fat / high-sucrose diets have shown both beneficial and detrimental influences on bone metabolism.
combined , these studies showed that nutrition exerts different effects on bone health.
functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube ( fmwcnt ) development has been intensified to improve their surface activity for numerous applications , and potentially reduce toxic effects.
this study hypothesized that different plasma-coating functional groups determine mwcnt neoplastic transformation potential.
thus , pa thresholds relative to crf may be an alternative approach.
methods : cross-sectional study of @number@ men and @number@ women aged 70-77.
accelerometer assessed mpa , vpa and mvpa were analyzed using absolute and relative thresholds.
meeting the pa-recommendation was defined as amounting ≥150 min / week in mpa / mvpa or @number@ min / week in vpa , respectively.
there was no significant association between mets and absolute mvpa , mpa or vpa recommendations in the fully adjusted model.
conclusions : the association between meeting / not meeting the pa recommendation and mets differed with method.
not meeting relative mvpa and vpa recommendation was associated with significantly higher likelihood for presence of mets.
trial registration : clinical trial registration : nct01931111 ( date of trial registration : @date@ ) .
objective : aim of this observational study is the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory impairments in laryngectomized long-term survivors compared to control subjects.
correlation between smell and taste alterations , age , and previous adjuvant treatments in laryngectomees was investigated.
methods : fifty control subjects and @number@ patients who underwent total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma were evaluated.
all subjects underwent symptoms evaluation , oropharyngeal exam , endoscopic fiberoptic nasal examination , and taste strips and sniffin ' sticks tests.
results : hyposmia was reported by all laryngectomees and hypogeusia by @percent@ of patients.
conclusions : total laryngectomy determines olfactory and gustatory impairments that should be taken into account in clinical practice.
relationships between sensorial alterations , aging , follow-up period , and adjuvant treatments should be further evaluated in prospective studies.
the mini-mental state examination was used to assess cognitive function.
the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.
the study assessed self-care behaviors including medication adherence , exercise , healthy diet , and self-monitoring of blood glucose.
results : in this study , @percent@ of participants with diabetes had both depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
the results emphasize the importance of providing more support for these aspects of self-care to such older adults.
numerous molecular biomarkers have been proposed as predictors of chronological age.
these markers appear highly promising , but for better application to forensic casework sample analysis the proposed markers and genotyping methods must be tested further.
successful performance of a memory-guided motor task requires participants to store and then recall an accurate representation of the motor goal.
further , participants must monitor motor output to make adjustments in the absence of visual feedback.
previous work demonstrates that healthy adults decrease force output as a function of time when visual feedback is not available.
we hypothesized that older adults would decrease force output at a faster rate than younger adults , due to age-related deficits in working memory.
in the full-vision condition , visual feedback was available for the duration of the trial.
in the no vision condition , visual feedback was removed for the last @number@ s of each trial.
participants were asked to maintain constant force output in the absence of visual feedback.
participants also completed tasks of word recall and recognition and visuospatial working memory.
telomeres are dynamic chromosome-end structures that serve as guardians of genome stability.
they are known to be one of the major determinants of aging and longevity in higher mammals.
studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between telomere length and life expectancy , stress , dna damage , and onset of aging-related diseases.
this review discusses the most important factors that influence our telomeres.
purpose : studies suggest that deficits in auditory processing predict cognitive decline and dementia , but those studies included limited measures of auditory processing.
method : the montreal cognitive assessment ( nasreddine et al. , @number@ ) was used to classify participants as with or without probable mci.
audiometry was also conducted.
no group differences were found for time-compressed speech , attr across-channel , or audiometric measures.
conclusions : older adults with cognitive impairment not only have difficulty with competing acoustic signals but may also show poor temporal processing.
the profile of auditory processing deficits among older adults with cognitive impairment may include multiple domains.
for faithful cell division , the genome must be replicated and chromosomes and sister chromatids physically segregated from one another.
throughout these processes , there is feedback and tension between the information-storing role and the physical properties of chromosomes.
cell division is both essential for and threatening to proper genome organization.
it is unclear which of four popular contemporary diet patterns is best for weight maintenance among postmenopausal women.
discrete-time hazards models were used to compare the risk of weight gain ( ≥10 % ) among high adherers of each diet pattern.
these findings suggest that a low-fat diet may promote weight gain , whereas a reduced-carbohydrate diet may decrease risk of postmenopausal weight gain.
patients with prion diseases can live for long periods of time in a state of akinetic mutism given appropriate management of their symptoms.
no significant difference in antibiotic administration was found between groups , however.
nonmedical needs are intricately linked to health.
unaddressed nonmedical needs often result in poorer health and increased healthcare costs.
although social workers are well positioned to address nonmedical needs , their role in healthcare environments to address nonmedical needs is limited.
the limited role relates to a lack of reimbursement streams , which stems from poor articulation about their unique contributions.
implications for patient health outcomes and healthcare costs are discussed.
klotho was first discovered as an aging-suppressor gene.
thus , klotho seems to be a new player in the intricate regulation of the gh / igf-1 axis.
eighteen peptides consisting of @number@ transitions were monitored and validated in pooled human plasma.
this novel multiplexed srm assay should facilitate the study of the relationships of these proteoforms with major aging phenotypes.
substantial progress in the understanding of the biology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has been achieved over the past decades.
the early detection and diagnosis of ad and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases , however , remain a challenging scientific frontier.
the systems biology paradigm integrates experimental biology with accurate and rigorous computational modelling to describe and foresee the dynamic features of biological systems.
this chapter offers a brief review of the signaling molecules related to trpc channels , the first identified mammalian trp family.
we demonstrate the potential of our method using two distinct applications to human cardiac dynamics.
firstly , we show that the method clearly discriminates between segments of electrocardiogram records characterized by normal sinus rhythm , ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
the method we use is an extension of the symbolic mapping procedure originally proposed for permutation entropy.
a discussion of the model parameter space in terms of traditional time delay embedding provides a theoretical basis for our multiscale approach.
this analysis included @number@ women who had adequate data on pa exposure and @number@ women for sitting time exposures.
sitting time was self-reported at baseline , year @number@ and year @number@
self-reported pa was reported at baseline through year @number@
change in pa and sitting time were calculated as the difference between the cumulative average immediately following mi and the cumulative average immediately preceding mi.
the @number@ categories of change were : maintained low , decreased , increased , and maintained high.
cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios and @percent@ cis for all-cause , coronary heart disease , and cardiovascular disease mortality.
conclusions : meeting the recommended pa guidelines pre- and post-mi may have a protective role against mortality in postmenopausal women.
anemia can be related to decreased production or increased loss of erythrocytes , or both , leading to many underlying and often overlapping causes.
in both situations , we find poor hygienic conditions , which frequently lead to anemia of inflammation.
the large number of possible causes and their interaction shows why it is so difficult to mitigate anemia prevalence.
diagnostic biomarkers are required to differentiate the different types of anemia and to treat them appropriately.
others , such as serum hepcidin , hold considerable promise , although they are not yet widely used.
a particular issue is to establish reference values for biomarkers in infants and children at different ages.
the fact that resource-rich postindustrial societies have a very low prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia offers hope that common types of anemia can be eliminated.
social changes and medical advances have increased longevity , but the conditions governing healthy vs unhealthy cardiovascular ( cv ) aging are not fully known.
factors beyond classical cv risk factors may have an important unrecognized value.
unhealthy older octogenarians show increased levels of several plasma proteins of inflammation and coagulation.
in older octogenarians , the increase in hemostatic markers indicated an increase in 5-year cv mortality at follow-up.
tnf is an inflammatory cytokine that upon binding to its receptor , tnfr1 , can drive cytokine production , cell survival , or cell death.
here we show that tnf-induced activation of mk2 results in global ripk1 phosphorylation.
mk2 directly phosphorylates ripk1 at residue s321 , which inhibits its ability to bind fadd / caspase-8 and induce ripk1-kinase-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis.
consistently , a phospho-mimetic s321d ripk1 mutation limits tnf-induced death.
mechanistically , we find that phosphorylation of s321 inhibits ripk1 kinase activation.
thus , mk2-mediated phosphorylation of ripk1 serves as a checkpoint within the tnf signaling pathway that integrates cell survival and cytokine production.
background : the diagnosis of thyroid nodular diseases requires an integrated approach that has been widely established over the past years.
methods : on @number@ thyroidectomy performed , we selected @number@ cases of follicular neoplasms ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) .
on the contrary , papillary carcinomas only ; showed a mild uptake.
conclusions : preoperative sestamibi scintigraphy confirmed its importance in improving the information obtained through different diagnostic investigations.
also intraoperatively , it pointed ; out high-risk nodules more accurately.
therefore , radio ( sestamibi ) guided surgery could have an ; interesting rule in the thyroid follicular lesion treatment.
background : acute respiratory failure is a rare life threatening complication following thyroid surgery and its incidence is reported as high as @percent@.
in case of persistent distress , tracheotomy is mandatory.
methods : patients treated at our intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure following thyroid surgery from @date@ to @date@ , were reviewed.
moreover , the strategy for prolonged nasotracheal safe extubation was carefully described.
results : nineteen out of the @number@ patients scheduled for thyroid surgery ( @percent@ ) at our university hospital , developed post-operative acute respiratory failure.
all of them were treated by nasotracheal prolonged safe extubation.
the success rate in avoiding highly invasive treatment was of @percent@ , since only @number@ patients needed definitive tracheotomy ( @percent@ ) .
it was a well tolerated and minimal invasive procedure that allowed a good respiratory ability and a fast clinical resolution of the laryngeal functional impairment.
the variety of the tasks and contexts they are used in require a deep understanding of the ahrs accuracy for optimal data interpretation.
however , published accuracy studies on ahrs are mostly limited to a single task measured on a limited number of segments and participants.
twenty asymptomatic adults ( [ formula : see text ] = @number@ ) performed multiple @number@ m timed up and go.
each trial was segmented into basic tasks ( sit-to-stand , walk , turn ) .
relative sensor kinematics accuracy ( i.e. joint ) varied between @number@.6° and @number@.6° over the same tasks.
conclusion : results confirmed that pairing of modules to obtain joint kinematics affects the accuracy compared to segment kinematics.
background : japan has the highest rate of aging.
to contain long-term care ( ltc ) insurance costs , the japanese government is attempting to increase the proportion of individuals receiving home care services.
however , demand for institutional care is increasing.
these circumstances will decrease the sustainability of the ltc insurance system.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study of middle-aged individuals ( n = @number@ ) in tsukuba , japan.
these variables were analysed with multiple logistic regression , using preferred location of care as the dependent variable.
results : a total of @number@ respondents were analysed.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) preferred home and @number@ ( @percent@ ) preferred a facility.
a significant gap appears to exist in the literature regarding the utility of death conversations outside the end-of-life context.
and what variables must be taken into account for these conversations to proceed successfully ?
this paper provides a narrative exploration of the value of death conversations in the clinical context in new zealand.
by doing so , health professionals will be best equipped to assist their patients to live well into death.
vivax malaria reemerged in korea in @number@ and the outbreak has been continued with fluctuating numbers of annual indigenous cases.
we evaluated the association of vitd insufficiency with cognitive function in older , community-dwelling adults living in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine.
results : overall , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of participants had vitd insufficiency defined as 25ohd < 30 ng / ml.
vitd insufficiency was not related to the rate of cognitive decline on any test or the risk of developing impaired performance during follow-up.
conclusion : in this population with little vitd deficiency , even moderately low vitd was associated with poorer performance on multiple domains of cognitive function.
low vitd did not predict 12-year cognitive decline.
clinical trials are essential to establish a causal link between vitd and cognitive well-being.
control and pread-1 performances on the experimental test were compared by controlling for age and education.
these analyses showed clear learning difficulties in pread-1 subjects ( f = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
similarly , relearning sessions showed only statistical trends between the groups ( f = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
descriptive subanalyses involving pread-2 suggested greater learning and recall difficulties in these subjects when compared with the pread-1 group.
our findings indicate that the afe-t is a sensitive test , capable of detecting subtle memory difficulties in pread-1.
whether and how aβ and ykl-40 affect brain and cognitive changes in cognitively healthy older adults is still unknown.
we tested how baseline levels of aβ42 and ykl-40 correlated with changes in cortical thickness and cognition.
aβ42 was unrelated to cognitive change.
our results suggest a role for inflammation in brain atrophy and cognitive changes in cognitively normal older adults , which partly depended on aβ accumulation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brains are characterized by fibrillar amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide containing plaques and associated reactive microglia.
the proinflammatory phenotype of the microglia suggests that they may negatively affect disease course and contribute to behavioral decline.
this hypothesis predicts that attenuating microglial activation may provide benefit against disease.
mann-whitney u and kruskal-wallis tests were used to compare values between the healthy controls and the amd group and also between the subgroups under study.
diagnostic performance was also compared calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
results : the manual layer segmentation showed clear boundaries between the gcl and the gcc.
it was in the temporal gcc that more changes were found.
background : the knowledge about older patients-quiz ( kop-q ) is designed as a unidimensional scale measuring knowledge of hospital nurses about older patients.
furthermore , the kop-q measures a second unidimensional construct , certainty of hospital nurses about their knowledge.
the kop-q is developed and validated in the netherlands.
whether the kop-q can be used in other countries is unknown given the cultural and language differences.
objectives : investigate the level of measurement invariance of the kop-q between the netherlands and united states of america ( usa ) .
design : a multicenter international cross-sectional design.
settings : four general hospitals in the netherlands and four general hospitals in the usa.
questions of the kop-q were completed online.
results : both the knowledge and certainty construct of the kop-q proved unidimensional in the netherlands and usa sample.
furthermore , the kop-q is suitable to make comparisons between the netherlands and the usa using latent variable models.
before the kop-q can be used in other countries , cross-cultural tests should again be performed.
objective : although the epidemiology and prevention of falls has been well studied , the focus has been on indoor rather than outdoor falls.
older adults ' knowledge of outdoor risk factors and their outdoor fall prevention practices have not been examined.
we used the outdoor falls questionnaire ( ofq ) , a valid and reliable tool as the survey instrument.
perceived outdoor fall risks , strategies used for prevention , and outdoor fall experiences were examined.
spss version @number@ was used for descriptive analysis of participant characteristics and to determine frequencies of perceived outdoor fall risks and strategies used for prevention.
phenomenological analysis was used with the qualitative data.
qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed separately and a mixed methods matrix was used to interpret and integrate the findings.
conclusions : study findings are informative for outdoor fall prevention programs as well as practice.
context : accumulation of brain iron is linked to aging and protein-misfolding neurodegenerative diseases.
high iron intake may influence important brain health outcomes in later life.
data sources : medline , scopus , cab abstracts , the cochrane central register of clinical trials , and opengrey databases were searched.
data extraction : data were extracted and evaluated by two authors independently , with discrepancies resolved by discussion.
risk of bias was assessed for animal and human studies.
prisma guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed.
results : thirty-four preclinical and @number@ clinical studies were identified from database searches.
thirty-three preclinical studies provided evidence supporting an adverse effect of nutritionally relevant high iron intake in neonates on brain-health-related outcomes in adults.
human studies varied considerably in design , quality , and findings ; none investigated the effects of high iron intake in neonates / infants.
increase in human life expectancy has resulted in the rapid growth of the elderly population with minimal or no intellectual deterioration.
context : with prolonged life expectancy , we often encounter patients with elderly-onset type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( et2dm ) .
objective : we attempted to characterize the pancreatic pathology in et2dm and sought its clinical implications.
together with conventional microscopic observations , morphometric analysis on the islet , islet endocrine cells , and amyloid deposition was conducted on immunostained sections.
the islet mass was significantly reduced in the et2dm group.
the amyloid volume density correlated inversely with the β-cell volume density but not with the body mass index in the et2dm group.
laboratory data showed mild elevation of serum amylase in the et2dm group , although clinical signs and symptoms of pancreatitis were not apparent.
conclusions : et2dm is distinct from mt2dm and characterized by pancreas atrophy , ductal lesions , and amyloid deposition.
a dual-task gait test evaluating the cognitive-motor interface may predict dementia progression in older adults with mci.
objective : to determine whether a dual-task gait test is associated with incident dementia in mci.
participants were followed up for @number@ years , with biannual visits including neurologic , cognitive , and gait assessments.
data were collected from @date@ to @date@ .
a neuropsychological test battery was used to assess cognition.
gait velocity was recorded under single-task and @number@ separate dual-task conditions using an electronic walkway.
the models remained robust after adjusting by baseline cognition except for dual-task gait cost when dichotomized.
conclusions and relevance : dual-task gait is associated with progression to dementia in patients with mci.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct03020381.
background : musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent and limits mobility in older adults.
a potential mechanism by which pain affects mobility could be through its negative impact on the brain.
we examined whether structural integrity of cerebral gray and white matter ( wm ) mediated the relationship between pain and mobility in community-dwelling older adults.
regression models were adjusted for gray matter atrophy , age , gender , medication use , and obesity.
bootstrapped mediation methods were used ( @number@ bootstrapped samples , @percent@ confidence intervals ) .
wmh and fa significantly mediated the pain-gait speed relationship.
associations between pain and md were not significant , and md did not modify the association between pain and gait speed.
future studies are needed to further understand whether successful pain management may significantly improve both brain health and mobility.
we know that transplanted rpe monolayers will encounter a hostile sub-rpe environment , including age-related alterations in bm that may compromise cell function and survival.
ipsc-derived rpe cells were plated onto rpe-derived ecm under untreated or nitrite-modified conditions.
cells were cultured for @number@ days and barrier function measured by transepithelial resistance ( ter ) .
nitrite-modified ecm increased production of c3a in ipsc-derived rpe cells by @number@ ± @number@ ng / ml ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : nitrite-modified ecm increased vegf , pedf release , and c3a production in human ipsc-derived rpe cells.
postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis due to the cessation in ovarian hormone production , which causes accelerated bone loss.
as the demographic shifts to a more aged population , a growing number of postmenopausal women will be afflicted with osteoporosis.
we scanned reference lists and contacted experts in the field to obtain further information.
selection criteria : we included randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) and quasi-rcts with or without blinding involving people with mrcc.
data collection and analysis : we collected and analyzed studies according to the published protocol.
main results : we identified eight studies with @number@ eligible participants and an additional @number@ ongoing studies.
evidence of low quality demonstrates that qol is worse with ifn alone and that severe aes are increased with ifn alone or in combination.
there is low-quality evidence that ifn-α alone increases mortality but moderate-quality evidence on decreased aes compared to ifn-α plus bevacizumab.
low-quality evidence shows no difference for ifn-α plus bevacizumab compared to sunitinib with respect to mortality and severe aes.
an increasing number of older people receive organ transplants for various end-stage conditions.
they also asked subjects to provide confidence ratings for their identification decisions.
to examine identification performance , the authors used a standard response-type analysis , receiver operating characteristic analysis , and signal-detection process modeling.
the results revealed that , in fair lineups , aging was associated with a genuine decline in recognition not an increased willingness to choose.
in unfair lineups , ability to discriminate between innocent and guilty suspects was poor in all age groups.
( psycinfo database record previous research indicates age-related impairments in learning routes from a start location to a target destination.
there is less research on age effects on the ability to reverse a learned path.
the method used to learn routes may also influence performance.
at test , participants recreated the route in the forward and reverse directions.
older adults in the map study condition had greater difficulty learning the route in the forward direction compared to younger adults.
older adults who learned the route by self-navigation were less accurate in traversing the route in the reverse compared to forward direction after a delay.
in contrast , for older adults who learned via map study there were no significant differences between forward and reverse directions.
( psycinfo database record older adults show a preference for positive information , which disappears under high task demands.
we examined whether glucose can help older adults preserve their positivity effect ( pe ) under high cognitive load.
older adults showed pes for low-load lists.
whereas pes disappeared for older-placebo participants for high-load lists , older-glucose participants retained their positive preference.
providing the brain with extra energy resources can help older adults achieve pes even under demanding conditions.
( psycinfo database record background and purpose : drugs with anticholinergic properties might have a negative impact on cognition , but findings are still conflicting.
the association was evaluated between anticholinergic drugs and cognitive performance in primary care patients with first cognitive complaints.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ general practitioners administered the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) to patients presenting with first cognitive complaints.
a mixed effect linear regression model was used to assess the association between acb and mmse score.
conclusions : anticholinergic medication might affect cognitive function in people with first cognitive complaints.
alternatives should be taken into account when possible , balancing the benefits and harms of these medications.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is considered a model of accelerated aging.
increasing evidence suggests that the cognitive impairment associated with ckd may be related to cerebral small vessel disease and overall impairment in white matter integrity.
sixty older adults were assigned to an aerobic exercise , a coordination exercise , or a control group based on their previous exercise experience.
the participants completed congruent and incongruent trials of a modified stroop test , during which , event-related potentials were recorded.
the participants also completed multiple physical tests that assessed health- and skill-related fitness.
the mechanisms underlying these relationships may be differentially related to specific neuroelectrical processes involved in neurocognitive control.
this dnam ga predictor may provide additional information relevant to developmental stage.
in @number@ mother-neonate pairs , we evaluated the associations between dnam ga and a number of maternal and offspring characteristics.
these characteristics reflect prenatal environmental adversity and are expected to influence newborn developmental stage.
future studies should be aimed at determining if this biological variation is predictive of developmental adversity.
however , it is unknown if also bone micro-architecture and strength at the contralateral side are unaffected.
bmd and cortical and trabecular micro-architecture were measured and biomechanical parameters were estimated using micro finite element analysis ( μfea ) .
additionally , markers of bone resorption and formation were measured at each visit.
bone parameters and turnover markers across the three visits were analysed using a linear mixed-effect model with bonferroni correction.
no significant changes from baseline were observed in total and trabecular bmd , nor in cortical or trabecular micro-architecture and neither in bone resorption.
results were similar between patients with or without adequate anti-osteoporosis drug treatment.
these changes exceeded the changes that may be expected due to aging , even in the presence of adequate anti-osteoporosis treatment.
introduction : individuals differ in forearm length.
secular effects of age were assessed by comparing @number@ younger and @number@ older women.
results : ex vivo , similar amounts of bone mass fashioned adjacent cross sections.
larger distal cross sections had thinner porous cortices of lower matrix mineral density ( mmd ) , a larger medullary csa and higher trabecular density.
smaller proximal cross-sections had thicker less porous cortices of higher mmd , a small medullary canal with little trabecular bone.
taller persons had more distally positioned fixed rois which moved proximally when corrected.
shorter persons had more proximally positioned fixed rois which moved distally when corrected , so dimorphisms lessened.
in women , asians had @number@ sd lower porosity and @number@ sd higher trabecular density than caucasians ( p < 0.01 ) .
in men , asians and caucasians had similar porosity and trabecular density.
results were similar using an adjusted fixed roi.
conclusion : assessment of sex , race and age related differences in microstructure requires measurement of anatomically equivalent regions.
chronic health conditions are commonplace in older populations.
the process of aging impacts many of the world's top health concerns.
with the average life expectancy continuing to climb , understanding patterns of morbidity in aging populations has become progressively more important.
cancer is an age-related disease , whose risk has been proven to increase with age.
the data shows cancer prevalence and cancer incidence increases until ages 85-89 , after which the rates decrease into 100 + ages.
however the number of overall cases has steadily increased over time due to the rise in population.
cancer mortality continues to increase after age 85 + .
this review presents an overview of plausible associations between comorbidity , genetics and age-related physiological effects in relation to cancer risk and protection.
loss of fine skin patterning is a sign of both aging and photoaging.
whereas a vaccine is available for prevention of shingles , its efficacy declines with age.
here , we show that c. elegans rack-1 has been vital in determining the survival of worms under specific pathogenic infection.
among various pathogens tested , s. flexneri m9ot ( sf ) exhibited highest pathogenicity by killing rack-1 mutant worm-vc3013 earlier when compared to wt.
hence , inhibition of translational machinery was the foremost reason for the early mortality in c. elegans.
the study unveils novel defense mechanisms exist for c. elegans in facilitating enhanced immunity by rack-1 against sf infection.
background : age-adjusted cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) prevalence rates are significantly lower in japan than in the united states.
objective : our aim was to compare cvd risk in participants in fukuoka and framingham.
blood pressure , body mass index , use of medications , and history of cvd were also assessed.
results : cvd prevalence rates were more than 6-fold higher in framingham men and women than their fukuoka counterparts ( p < @number@ ) .
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and surprisingly small dense ldl-c levels were significantly ( p < @number@ ) higher in fukuoka than in framingham.
background : streptococcus pneumoniae infection is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
invasive pneumococcal disease ( ipd ) carries a high case fatality rate.
we investigated the lifespan of adults who recovered from ipd during a 32-year follow-up.
results : the study group comprised @number@ adults who survived ipd.
only @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients lived longer than their life expectancy.
the mean years of potential life lost was @number@ years.
introduction : indigenous elders have traditionally played an important role in maintaining social cohesion within their communities.
increasing elders ' social participation and intergenerational solidarity might foster community development and benefit young people , families , communities and the elders themselves.
however , knowledge of the contribution of elders ' social participation and intergenerational solidarity to wellness is scattered and needs to be synthesised.
this protocol presents a scoping review on the social participation of indigenous elders , intergenerational solidarity and their influence on individual and community wellness.
it was developed by an interdisciplinary team including indigenous scholars / researchers , knowledge users and key informants.
conclusion : the innovative methodological framework proposed in this scoping review protocol will yield richer information on the contribution of elders to community wellness.
this work is an essential preliminary step towards developing research involving indigenous communities , drawing on the social participation of elders and intergenerational solidarity.
background : complicated grief ( cg ) is a recently recognized bereavement-related mental health disorder.
social support is commonly measured with the interpersonal support evaluation list ( isel ) , a 40-item , 4-factor , self-report measure.
though the isel has been well-studied , no identified research has examined its psychometric properties or performance in older adults with cg.
we also examined the association of isel scores with cg severity , and with clinical and sociodemographic variables.
results : internal consistency of the isel was high ( α = 0.95 ) .
confirmatory factor analysis indicated that most of the isel items loaded strongly ( > 0.45 ) on the original @number@ factors.
mean isel score was @number@ which indicated lower social support than population norms.
isel scores were significantly but modestly negatively correlated with grief severity.
limitations : a clinical help-seeking sample , with low sociodemographic and geographic variability , may limit the generalizability of the findings.
also , analyses were cross-sectional and directionality of associations could not be determined.
conclusions : the 40-item isel may be a useful measure for those studying social support in the context of cg.
given the strikingly low levels of social support , intervention strategies for cg should include components addressing social support.
one such framework theory , the cross-culturally universal vitalist biology , gives meaning to the abstract concepts life and death.
what explains such childlike responses ?
do the elderly undergo semantic degradation of their intuitive biological theory ?
or do they merely have difficulty deploying their theory of biology in the face of interference from the developmentally prior agency theory ?
here we develop an analytic strategy to answer this question.
the analytic strategy developed here could help adjudicate between degradation and deployment in other conceptual domains and other populations.
study design : pilot cross-sectional clinical measurement.
introduction : normative tables for assessment of grip and pinch strength were developed @number@ years ago and are likely outdated.
purpose of study : to assess suitability of current normative tables to evaluate hand and grip strength in clinical practice.
conclusions : normative hand strength values need to be further assessed in a larger study to update normative standards for use in clinical practice.
level of evidence : 2c.
three motor factors were derived from several factor analyses ; fine motor , balance / upper strength , and flexibility.
cox regression models were used to determine how gender in interaction with the motor factors was related to mortality.
results : females demonstrated lower functional performance in all motor functions relative to men.
cox regression survival analyses demonstrated that both balance / upper strength , and fine motor function were significantly related to mortality.
gender specific analyses revealed that this was true for women only.
for men , none of the motor factors were related to mortality.
these results provide evidence for the importance of considering motor functioning , and foremost observed gender differences when planning for individualized treatment and rehabilitation.
tauopathies , the most common of which is alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , constitute the most crippling neurodegenerative threat to our aging population.
tauopathic patients have significant cognitive decline accompanied by irreversible and severe brain atrophy , and it is thought that neuronal dysfunction begins years before diagnosis.
our current understanding of tauopathies has yielded promising therapeutic interventions but have all failed in clinical trials.
this is partly due to the inability to identify and intervene in an effective therapeutic window early in the disease process.
a major challenge that contributes to the definition of an early therapeutic window is limited technologies.
this memri approach represents the first diagnostic measure of neuronal dysfunction in mice.
successful translation of this technology in the clinic could serve as a sensitive diagnostic tool for the definition of effective therapeutic windows.
objective : immune and inflammatory pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
this study investigated the role of toll-like receptor @number@ ( tlr4 ) in orosensory detection of dietary lipids and sugars.
gene expression of taste signaling molecules was analyzed in the tongue epithelium.
results : compared to wt mice , tlr4 ko mice showed reduced preference for lipids , sugars , and umami in a two-bottle preference test.
the altered taste perception was associated with decreased levels of key taste regulatory molecules in the tongue epithelium.
tlr4 ko mice on a high-fat and high-sugar diet consumed less food and drink , resulting in diminished weight gain.
conclusions : tlr4 signaling promotes ingestion of sugar and fat by a mechanism involving increased preference for such obesogenic foods.
proteases are a set of enzymes that have been involved in multiple biological processes throughout evolution.
hence , it is not surprising that dysregulation in any protease function that affects ecm homeostasis may contribute to the aging process.
matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) are one of the most important families of proteases involved in the tight control of ecm remodeling over time.
finally , we will summarize recent findings that associate mmps with the development of age-related diseases , such as neurodegenerative disorders.
dna methylation at the fifth position of cytosines ( 5mc ) represents a major epigenetic modification in mammals.
the brain during healthy aging exhibits gradual deterioration of structure but maintains a high level of cognitive ability.
these structural changes are often accompanied by reorganization of functional brain networks.
existing neurocognitive theories of aging have argued that such changes are either beneficial or detrimental.
despite numerous empirical investigations , the field lacks a coherent account of the dynamic processes that occur over our lifespan.
this hypothesis can bridge the gap between existing theories and the empirical findings on age-related changes.
additionally , we observed that the methylation change of the sites in the low-cpg promoter region was remarkable.
background : renal cell carcinoma is among the most prevalent malignancies.
it is generally sporadic.
however , genetic studies of rare familial forms have led to the identification of mutations in causative genes such as vhl and flcn.
methods : using sanger sequencing we identify a heterozygous splice-site mutation in flcn in lymphocyte dna of a patient suffering from renal cell carcinoma.
furthermore , both tumor dna and dna from a metastasis are analyzed regarding this mutation.
he and members of his family had a history of recurrent pneumothorax during the last few decades.
histology after tumor nephrectomy showed a mixed kidney cancer consisting of elements of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and dedifferentiated small cell carcinoma component.
subsequent flcn sequencing identified an intronic c.1177-5 -3delctc alteration that most likely affected the correct splicing of exon @number@ of the flcn gene.
both , altered protein stability and subcellular localization could be partly reversed by blocking proteasomal and lysosomal degradation.
conclusions : identification of disease-causing mutations in bhd syndrome requires the analysis of intronic sequences.
however , biochemical validation of the consecutive alterations of the resulting protein is especially important in these cases.
functional characterization of the disease-causing mutations in bhd syndrome may guide further research for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
age-related dysfunction of the central auditory system , known as central presbycusis , is characterized by defects in speech perception and sound localization.
it is important to determine the pathogenesis of central presbycusis in order to explore a feasible and effective intervention method.
limitations : the causal direction could not be fully determined due to the cross-sectional nature of the data.
conclusions : the quality of micro-scale environment appears to be important to mental health in older people.
interventions may incorporate the environmental aspect to reduce cognitive and common mental disorders.
betaine is a major water-soluble component of lycium chinense.
it mainly functions as an oxidative metabolite of choline by suppressing superoxide-induced free radicals by donating methyl groups.
in addition , betaine inhibited insulin-induced pi3k / akt and foxo1 activation.
therefore , betaine suppressed the cytokine interleukin-1β production by inhibiting the activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome via interaction of foxo1 and txnip.
our results suggest that betaine inhibits the foxo1 binding to txnip , leading to the suppression of rs-induced nlrp3 inflammasome activation in a diabetic liver.
objective : research on late-middle-aged and older adults has focused primarily on average level of alcohol consumption , overlooking variability in underlying drinking patterns.
method : the sample comprised @number@ adults ages 55-65 years at baseline.
alcohol consumption was assessed at baseline , and drinking problems were indexed across @number@ years.
conclusions : information based only on average consumption underestimates the risk of drinking problems among older adults.
both a high average level of drinking and an episodic heavy pattern of drinking pose prospective risks of later drinking problems among older adults.
two population-based studies key to advancing knowledge of brain aging are the honolulu-asia aging study ( haas ) and the nun study.
future in vivo validation of these results awaits comprehensive biomarkers of these @number@ brain diseases.
the need for rehabilitation strategies to optimize function and reduce disability is a clear priority for research to address this public health challenge.
citation information is as follows : nih medical rehabilitation coordinating committee.
am j phys med rehabil.
@number@ ; 97 ( @number@ ) : 404-407.
background : olfactory impairment is common among older adults ; however , data are largely limited to whites.
results : the overall prevalence of anosmia was @percent@ among blacks and @percent@ among whites.
in both blacks and whites , higher anosmia prevalence was associated with older age and male sex.
results were comparable between the two cohorts.
discussion : anosmia is common in older adults , particularly among blacks.
further studies are needed to identify risk factors for anosmia and to investigate racial disparities in this sensory deficit.
the small rhogtpase cdc42 is mechanistically linked to aging of multiple tissues and to rejuvenation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice.
however , data validating cdc42 activity and expression as biomarker for aging in humans are still missing.
we investigated the association of these parameters with both chronological and biological aging.
we also tested in this cohort of older adults a recently published algorithm determining chronological age based on dna methylation profiles.
chronic lung diseases are associated with substantial morbidity , frequently resulting in exercise limiting dyspnea , immobilization , and isolation.
therefore , effective strategies to prevent or treat lung disease are likely to increase healthspan as well as life span.
this review summarizes the findings of a joint workshop sponsored by the nia and nhlbi that brought together investigators focused on aging and lung biology.
hypertension is a leading cause of global disease , mortality , and disability.
while individuals of african descent suffer a disproportionate burden of hypertension and its complications , they have been underrepresented in genetic studies.
to identify novel susceptibility loci for blood pressure and hypertension in people of african ancestry , we performed both single and multiple-trait genome-wide association analyses.
we analyzed @number@ genome-wide association studies comprised of @number@ individuals of african ancestry , and validated our results with additional @number@ individuals from multi-ethnic studies.
at these three loci , as well as at grp20 / cdh17 , associated variants had alleles common only in african-ancestry populations.
functional annotation showed enrichment for genes expressed in immune and kidney cells , as well as in heart and vascular cells / tissues.
melatonin is an indoleamine produced mainly in the pineal gland.
the natural decline of melatonin levels with aging strongly contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
pleiotropic actions displayed by melatonin prevent several processes involved in neurodegeneration such as neuroinflammation , oxidative stress , excitotoxicity and / or apoptosis.
recently , aggressive advertisement claimed a \ "magic role \ " for plant stem cells in human skin rejuvenation.
this review aims to shed light on the scientific background suggesting feasibility of using plant cells as a basis of anti-age cosmetics.
their redox-regulated biosynthesis triggers in turn plant cell antioxidant and detoxification molecular mechanisms resembling human cell pathways.
easily isolated in relatively large quantities from contaminant-free cell cultures , plant metabolites target skin ageing mechanisms , above all redox imbalance.
the industrial production of plant meristem cell metabolites is toxicologically and ecologically sustainable for fully \ "biological \ " anti-age cosmetics.
objectives : to report a contemporary review from a single-institution series on paget's disease of the temporal bone ( pdtb ) .
study design : retrospective chart review of patients evaluated from @number@ to @number@
setting : quaternary referral center.
patients : patients with radiographically confirmed pdtb.
main outcome measures : clinical , audiological , and radiological features and management strategies of pdtb.
results : a total of @number@ temporal bones in @number@ patients ( @number@ men ) were diagnosed with pdtb.
of the @number@ ears with audiometric data available for review , @percent@ exhibited sensorineural hearing loss , and @percent@ mixed hearing loss.
two patients underwent successful cochlear implantation , achieving open-set speech recognition.
radiographic features of temporal bone involvement are reviewed and illustrated.
conclusion : this is the largest single-institution clinical series examining patients with pdtb in the english literature.
involvement typically begins in the petrous apex and progresses laterally.
otic capsule bone demineralization occurs late in the disease process.
cochlear implantation appears to be an effective management strategy for patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss.
study design : cross-sectional observational clinical trial.
setting : clinical research center.
patients : seventy nine men and women ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years old.
interventions : diagnostic.
main outcome measures : blood levels of otolin-1 in relation to age.
conclusions : otolin-1 blood levels are significantly higher in patients older than @number@ years of age.
background : women are affected dramatically by urinary incontinence ( ui ) .
this disease is currently considered as epidemic.
objective : the objective of this review is to identify , through the best available evidence , how women experience ui worldwide.
inclusion criteria types of participants : the current review included studies of adult women who had experienced ui.
phenomena of interest : women with ui from various social and cultural settings were included in this review.
outcomes : all aspects related to the experience of ui endured by women were considered.
methodological quality : each primary study was assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality.
data extraction : qualitative data were extracted using the jbi-qari.
data synthesis : qualitative research findings were synthesized using the jbi-qari.
this review focuses on the aging of gabaergic neurons and synapses.
understanding how aging affects synapses of particular neuronal subpopulations may help explain the heterogeneity of aging-related effects.
copd is recognized as having a series of comorbidities potentially related to common inflammatory processes.
periodontitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases and has previously been associated with copd in numerous observational studies.
furthermore , studies reporting associations have often utilized differing definitions of both copd and periodontitis.
however , further research is needed to clarify factors that may be directly causal as opposed to confounding relationships.
results : median age was @number@ ( 49-80 ) years.
therefore , we investigated whether components of metabolic syndrome are associated with type @number@ diabetes mellitus in elderly.
a 70-year-old man presented to the clinic complaining of a productive cough.
computed tomography ( ct ) of the chest revealed a nodule in the left lower lobe of the lung.
a bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy ( tbb ) were performed twice ; no evidence of malignancy was found.
so we followed up by periodic chest ct.
one year and @number@ months after the 1st visit , the nodule increased in size from @number@ to @number@ mm.
tbb was performed again and the tumor was diagnosed as scc.
the patient underwent a left lower lobectomy and the tumor was diagnosed as bsc by postoperative pathological examination.
two years and @number@ months after surgery , no recurrence has been observed in the patient.
participants also underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing.
background and purpose : the presence of materials and methods : this prospective study included @number@ community-dwelling elderly controls.
at baseline , participants underwent mr imaging at 3t , extensive neuropsychological testing , and genotyping.
after neuropsychological follow-up at @number@ months , participants were classified into cognitively stable controls and cognitively deteriorating controls.
data analysis included whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and roi analysis of gm.
methods : plasma neopterin levels were determined in @number@ old order amish adults.
quantitative genetic procedures were used to estimate heritability of neopterin.
results : heritability of log-neopterin was estimated at @number@ after adjusting for age , gender , and household ( p = 0.03 ) .
the shared household effect was @number@ ( p < 0.02 ) .
background : anesthesiology has been identified as a stressful specialty.
chronic psychological stress may lead to biological aging and skin aging.
study objective : the primary outcome was to measure physical health and emotional well-being.
secondary outcomes include skin aging analysis , telomere shortening in anesthetists.
design : this is a prospective observational study.
settings : university of alexandria.
patients : study was carried out on @number@ asa i-ii physicians 30-50yr.
subgroup analysis was performed comparing 10years ' intervals from ( 30-40 ) and from ( 40-50 ) .
measurements : physical health and emotional well-being were evaluated.
all physicians were exposed to validated assessment scales for the upper face and the lower face for skin aging analysis.
blood sampling were drowned from all physicians during their working hours for analysis of telomere length , markers of oxidative stress.
results : the two studied groups showed comparable demographic data and years of work.
conclusions : the presence of contextually related non-target items produces both positive and negative effects on adl performance.
in contrast , the presence of these objects might also lead to distraction in dementia and mci.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 481-492 ) .
stem cells are undifferentiated cells and have multi-lineage differentiation potential.
different kinds of stem cells possess distinct mirna expression profiles.
our review summarizes the critical roles of mirnas in stem cell reprogramming , pluripotency maintenance , and differentiation.
in the future , mirnas may greatly contribute to stem cell clinical therapy and have potential applications in regenerative medicine.
a controversy exists as to whether de novo-generated neuronal tetraploidy ( dnnt ) occurs in alzheimer's disease.
in addition , the presence of age-associated dnnt in the normal brain remains unexplored.
this blockage correlates with improved cognition despite compromised neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus was confirmed in mice lacking the e2f1 gene.
we also show that the human cerebral cortex contains tetraploid neurons.
while @percent@ of participants perceived sex to be important , only @percent@ discussed sex with their providers since turning @number@
factors related to discussing sex included age , education , having a chronic condition , and consuming alcohol.
provider training and tools about sexual health communication could help launch those discussions about sex and increase advocacy for older women's sexual health.
objective : to assess the association between midlife body mass index ( bmi ) and healthy aging ( ha ) in the french su.vi.max cohort.
associations between anthropometric indicators ( measured in 1995-1996 ) and ha were assessed using robust-error-variance poisson regression.
our results also highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy metabolic profile during midlife.
importance : cataract , one of the most frequent causes of blindness in developed countries , is strongly associated with aging.
the exact mechanisms underlying cataract formation are still unclear , but growing evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory and oxidative processes.
therefore , antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factors of the diet , such as vitamin k1 , could play a protective role.
objective : to examine the association between dietary vitamin k1 intake and the risk of incident cataracts in an elderly mediterranean population.
main outcomes and measures : dietary vitamin k1 intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
hazard ratios and @percent@ cis for cataract incidence were estimated with a multivariable cox proportional hazards model.
after a median of @number@ years follow-up , we documented a total of @number@ new cataracts.
trial registration : isrctn.org : isrctn35739639.
objectives : both aging and hypertension are significant risk factors for heart failure in the elderly.
the purpose of this study was to determine how aging , with and without hypertension , affects left ventricular function.
age-matched hypertension exacerbated the effects of aging on systolic pressure , and diastolic function.
multiple linear regression analysis showed that these unique hypertensive features were significantly related to systolic blood pressure ( p < 0.05 ) .
data were extracted and reasons for choosing emergency and urgent care were identified and mapped.
thematic analysis was used to identify themes and findings were reported qualitatively using framework-based narrative synthesis.
results : thirty-eight studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria.
thirty-nine percent of studies utilized qualitative or mixed research designs.
our thematic analysis identified six broad themes that summarized reasons why patients chose to access ed or urgent care.
methods : we conducted a secondary analysis of @number@ adults cared for in a sobering center from @date@ to @date@ .
results : the population was primarily male , middle-aged , and ethnically diverse.
perturbations of rrna biogenesis are closely related to cell senescence and tumor progression ; however , the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.
background : age appropriateness of anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation is uncertain.
the resulting evidence was discussed in a round table with an interdisciplinary panel of ten european experts.
decisions on age appropriateness were made using a delphi process.
results : for the eight drugs included , @number@ citations were identified.
the primary outcome results were reported in @number@ clinical trials with explicit and relevant data on older people.
apixaban was rated forta-a ( highly beneficial ) .
phenprocoumon , acenocoumarol and fluindione were rated forta-c ( questionable ) , mainly reflecting the absence of data.
for other vitamin-k antagonists regionally used in europe , the lack of evidence should challenge current practice.
demographic changes strongly affect industrialized countries.
medical and surgical risks for head and neck cancer patients over a certain age who undergo free tissue transfer has hardly been investigated.
a retrospective mono-center cohort study was performed.
all patients with the age @number@ or higher undergoing microvascular operations were reviewed.
patient characteristics including the asa-status , the ace-27-score , flap survival and postoperative medical and surgical complications were evaluated.
the system for postoperative complications was applied to assess the severity of the complications.
a total of @number@ patients with an average age of @number@ years were included.
@number@ patients suffered from venous congestion and had to undergo revision surgery.
all flaps could successfully be salvaged.
higher asa-status and ace-score were significantly associated with postoperative medical and surgical complications and a higher severity of the complications.
however , neither age nor operating time had influence on the complication rate.
microvascular free tissue transfer can be performed with a high degree of security in selected elderly patients.
however , serious medical complications remain a concern , correlating strongly with high asa and ace-score.
careful patient selection is mandatory to reduce complications to a minimum.
spatial proximity of signals from different sensory modalities is known to be a crucial factor in facilitating efficient multisensory processing in young adults.
this suggests that visuotactile peripersonal space differs between older and younger adults.
sensorimotor functions were independently assessed by the timed up and go ( tug ) and postural stability tests.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism compared with normal sinus rhythm.
owing to their specific risk profiles , some af populations may have increased risks of both thromboembolic and bleeding events.
physicians have to learn how to use these drugs optimally in specific settings.
furthermore , axin @number@ and β-catenin mrna were significantly higher in older females than older males ( p < @number@ ) .
gene expression of actriib , myostatin , and tgf-β1 were higher in older adults compared to younger adults ( all p < @number@ ) .
importance : the prevalence of cerebral cavernous malformation ( ccm ) is unknown.
case ascertainment in most previous studies was based on autopsy data or clinical convenience samples , often without detailed clinical or radiologic information.
objective : to determine the prevalence of ccm in a population-based sample of older adults.
participants were invited to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
of the @number@ participants , @number@ had an evaluable mri.
all images were reviewed by a board-certified neuroradiologist , and mri reports were searched for the terms cavernous malformation , cavernous angioma , and cavernoma.
two vascular neurologists reviewed mris , and potential ccms were classified using zabramski classification.
main outcomes and measures : prevalence of ccm and clinical and radiologic characteristics of study participants with ccm.
results : of the @number@ participants who underwent mri scans , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ccm.
the sex-adjusted prevalence was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci , @date@ ) for women and @percent@ ( @percent@ ci , @date@ ) for men.
observed frequencies were similar in men and women , with a slight male predominance.
of the @number@ participants with ccm , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had a single zabramski type @number@ lesion in a supratentorial location.
only @number@ participant ( @percent@ ) was symptomatic from the ccm during the study period.
the color analysis was performed @number@ h after cementation of the samples and after @number@ months of storage in relative humidity by means of spectrophotometry.
the δe00 values were analyzed statistically by two-way anova followed by the tukey test ( p < 0.05 ) .
one-way anova were calculated for the means of individual color coordinates ( l , a , b , c and h ) .
the feldspathic ceramic showed the highest values of δe00.
variations in l , a , b , c and h were more significant for feldspathic ceramic.
in conclusion , storage alters similarly the optical properties of the resin cements and feldspathic porcelain was more susceptible to cement color change after aging.
we also consider whether educational attainment explains any group differences , or if differences across groups vary by level of education.
brown men and women also reported higher levels than white men in brazil.
these findings have implications for social and public health surveillance and intervention to address the harmful consequences of discrimination.
the effects of dietary krill oil on neurocognitive functions and proteomic changes in brain tissues of d-galactose-induced aging mice were evaluated.
krill oil was also found to protect against oxidative damage , lipid peroxidation and neurodegenerative diseases.
in particular , the ppp1r1b gene is associated with the inhibition of dopamine releases , which decreases the motivation for learning.
design : prospective cohort of hiv-infected persons in care at eight us veterans health administration sites.
methods : between @number@ and @number@ we assessed alcohol consumption annually using the alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption ( audit-c ) .
hiv disease severity was ascertained using the vacs index , a validated measure of morbidity and all-cause mortality.
we examined the relationship between alcohol use and hiv disease severity patterns using joint trajectory modeling.
alcohol use trajectories were validated using phosphatidylethanol - a biomarker of alcohol consumption - measured between @number@ and @number@ among a subset of participants.
we examined associations between membership in alcohol use and vacs index trajectories using multinomial regression.
higher risk drinkers were most common in the extreme vacs index group , and were absent in the low index group.
in multivariable analysis , the association between alcohol use and vacs index trajectory membership remained significant ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : alcohol use trajectories characterized by persistent unhealthy drinking are associated with more advanced hiv disease severity among hiv-infected veterans in the united states.
background : physical frailty ( pf ) and sarcopenia are predictors of negative health outcomes such as falls , disability , hospitalization , and death.
some systematic reviews ( srs ) have been published on different nonpharmacological treatments of frailty and sarcopenia using heterogeneous definitions of them.
design : overview of srs and meta-analysis of comparative studies.
data sources : pubmed , cochrane database of systematic reviews , embase , and cinahl were searched in @date@ .
any primary study described in these srs with experimental design was included.
data extraction and management : two reviewers independently screened titles , abstracts , and full-texts of articles.
quality assessment was carried out by using criteria from the cochrane collaboration and the grade working group.
results : ten srs with @number@ primary studies satisfied the inclusion criteria.
the most frequent interventions in the included studies were physical exercise ( @number@ ) and nutritional supplementation ( @number@ ) .
falls and activities of daily living were assessed in two studies with opposite results.
the overall quality of the evidence was low.
ms improved with multidisciplinary treatment and exercise interventions in this population.
mm cells and leptin synergistically counteracted anti-tumor functionality of both murine and human inkt cells.
in vivo blockade of lr signaling combined with inkt stimulation resulted in superior anti-tumor protection.
the importance , feasibilityand the degree of authority for the psychological index system were graded by two rounds of delphi method.
using analytic hierarchy process , the weight of dimensions and items were determined.
the consistency was good.
the psychological aging scale for healthy people included @number@ dimensions as follows : cognitive function , emotion , personality and motivation.
the weight coefficients for the @number@ dimensions were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the indicators were representative and well-recognized.
numerous publications have reported their role as stem cells , contributing to the formation of tissues other than blood vessels.
this study challenges the current view that pericytes can differentiate into other cells and reopen questions about their plasticity.
this emerging knowledge is important not only for our understanding of development but may also inform treatments for diseases.
a total of @number@ volatile compounds were found amongst the amw.
gm highlighted @number@ organoleptic attributes responsible for the sensorial profile of the amw.
moreover , ca revealed that the volatile composition of the non-thermal accelerated aged wines differs from that of the conventional aged wines.
besides , pca discriminated the amw on the basis of their main sensorial characteristics.
furthermore , plsr identified @number@ aroma compounds which were mainly responsible for the olfactory notes of the amw.
finally , the overall quality of the amw was noted to be better predicted by plsr than pcr.
ghana has introduced a national health insurance scheme ( nhis ) .
embedded in the nhis is a policy to exempt poor and vulnerable groups from premiums and user fees.
there has been some debate as to why the start-off age for exemption among the elderly is @number@ years.
ghana has a shorter life expectancy than middle- and high-income countries and its current age of retirement is @number@ years.
this study explores the financial and social implications of continuing to charge premiums to people aged @number@ to @number@ years.
background : combination therapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel has been reported to be a good therapeutic strategy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
results : the median age was @number@ years ; @number@ patients were men , and @number@ were women.
eight had bone sarcoma and @number@ had soft tissue sarcoma.
forty patients ( @percent@ ) had previously been treated with one or more chemotherapeutic regimens.
the overall response rate was @percent@ and the disease control rate was @percent@.
the median progression-free survival was @number@ months and the median overall survival was @number@ months.
grade @number@ or more neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were observed in @percent@ and @percent@ of all patients , respectively.
conclusion : the response rate was lower and myelosuppression was more frequently observed than in other previous reports.
on the other hand , most of toxicities were enough manageable.
in addition , some patients had long survival with a good response.
similar to other yeasts , the human pathogen candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric , finite cell divisions , which determines its replicative lifespan.
we sought to investigate if and how aging changes resilience of c. glabrata populations in the host environment.
consequently , virulence of old compared to younger c. glabrata cells is enhanced in the galleria mellonella infection model.
electron microscopy images of old c. glabrata cells indicate a marked increase in cell wall thickness.
older c. glabrata cells accumulate during murine and human infection , which is statistically unlikely without very strong selection.
therefore , we tested the hypothesis that neutrophils constitute the predominant selection pressure in vivo.
when we altered experimentally the selection pressure by antibody-mediated removal of neutrophils , we observed a significantly younger pathogen population in mice.
mathematical modeling confirmed that differential selection of older cells is sufficient to cause the observed demographic shift in the fungal population.
hence our data support the concept that pathogenesis is affected by the generational age distribution of the infecting c. glabrata population in a host.
another neuropathy caused by a pmp22 duplication is charcot-marie-tooth disease type 1a ( cmt1a ) .
electrophysiological features of hnpp has been found progressing with aging.
patient concerns : here we present a 20-year-old man who exhibited lower extremity weakness and foot drop as the initial manifestation.
diagnoses : hnpp was diagnosed on the basis of clinical features , positive sural nerve biopsy findings , and genetic testing results.
moreover , physical examination , blood / urine glucose test , and diabetes-related autoantibodies investigations demonstrated that he had psoriasis and t2dm.
interventions : the young patient was treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and blood glucose monitoring , and then transferred to oral acarbose therapy.
the psoriatic lesions were treated with calcipotriol ointment.
outcomes : in the follow-up , the right leg weakness was alleviated , and his gait was improved.
lessons : the findings indicate that diabetes mellitus may have an impact on the severity of hnpp.
physicians should consider that worsening of symptoms might result from newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus while treating patients with hnpp.
a healthy proteome is essential for cell survival.
protein misfolding is linked to a rapidly expanding list of human diseases , ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to aging and cancer.
many of these diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in intra- and extracellular inclusions , such as amyloid plaques.
proteostasis depends on a network of molecular chaperones and clearance pathways involved in the recognition , refolding , and / or clearance of aberrant proteins.
recent studies reveal that an integral part of the cellular management of misfolded proteins is their spatial sequestration into several defined compartments.
here , we review the properties , function , and formation of these compartments.
spatial sequestration plays a central role in protein quality control and cellular fitness and represents a critical link to the pathogenesis of protein aggregation-linked diseases.
organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are skin tumor promoters.
free radical derivatives from these compounds are presumed to be the prominent mediators of tumor promotion.
however , the molecular targets of these species are unknown.
pten is reversibly oxidized in various cells by exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide.
oxidized pten is converted back to the reduced form by cellular reducing agents , predominantly by the thioredoxin ( trx ) system.
here , the role of context : fragmentation in geriatric hip fracture care is a growing concern because of the aging population.
patients with hip fractures at our institution historically were admitted to multiple different services and units , leading to unnecessary variation in inpatient care.
objective : to describe a stepwise approach to systems redesign for this patient population.
main outcome measures : hospital length of stay.
mean hospital length of stay significantly improved from @number@ to @number@ days ( p = @number@ ) .
the 30-day all-cause readmission rate and discharge disposition remained stable.
the percentage of patients receiving osteoporosis evaluation and treatment increased significantly.
the rate of completed 30-day outpatient follow-up also improved.
female reproductive hormones exert important non-reproductive influences on autonomic regulation of body temperature and blood pressure.
the influence of estradiol is to promote vasodilation , which , in the skin , results in greater heat dissipation.
in the context of blood pressure regulation , both central and peripheral hormonal influences are important as well.
however , effects of lncrnas on photo-aging remain to be elucidated.
nac reduced ros content , however , it did not affect malat1 expression.
oxidative signaling and oxidative stress contribute to aging , cancer and diseases resulting from lung fibrosis.
in this study , we explored the anti-oxidative potential of oligomeric proanthocyanidins ( opcs ) , natural flavonoid compounds.
on the whole , our study suggests that opc plays an important role in controlling the antioxidant response of a549 cells via the nrf2-are pathway.
aim : to investigate the functional effects of abnormal esophagogastric ( egj ) measurements in asymptomatic healthy volunteers over eighty years of age.
five swallows each of @number@ ml liquid ( l ) and viscous ( v ) bolus were analyzed.
mean values were compared using student's t test for normally distributed data or mann whitney u-test when non-normally distributed.
a results : egj-ci at rest was similar for older subjects compared to controls.
both ineffective esophageal bolus transport and increased egj resistance contribute to impaired bolus flow.
dna replication fork progression can be disrupted at difficult to replicate loci in the human genome , which has the potential to challenge chromosome integrity.
this replication fork disruption can lead to the dissociation of the replisome and the formation of dna damage.
we show that mcm2-depleted cells activate a dna damage response pathway and generate replication-associated dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) .
we show that mcm8-9 functions in a homologous recombination-based pathway downstream from rad51 , which is promoted by dsb induction.
this rad51 / mcm8-9 axis is distinct from the recently described rad52-dependent dna synthesis pathway that operates in early mitosis at common fragile sites.
we propose that stalled replication forks can be restarted in s phase via homologous recombination using mcm8-9 as an alternative replicative helicase.
background and purpose : haptoglobin ( hp ) is an acute phase plasma protein protecting tissues from oxidative damage.
a total of @number@ individuals ascertained from a nationally representative cross-sectional health survey served as population controls.
meanwhile , a growing body of evidence is suggesting that exposure to insecticides can also potentiate the risk of obesity and type @number@ diabetes.
the evidence as a whole suggests that exposure to insecticides is linked to increased risk of obesity and type @number@ diabetes.
post-transcriptional gene regulation is an important step in eukaryotic gene expression.
here we report that one of the translation initiation factors , eif4e , is phosphorylated by mammalian ste20-like kinase ( mst1 ) .
upon phosphorylation , eif4e weakly interacts with the @number@ cap to inhibit mrna translation.
simultaneously , active polyribosome is more associated with long noncoding rnas ( lncrnas ) .
our findings have uncovered a novel function of mst1 in mrna and lncrna translation by direct phosphorylation of eif4e.
this novel signaling pathway will provide new platforms for regulation of mrna translation via post-translational protein modification.
elderly with late-onset recurrent respiratory tract infections ( rrti ) often have specific anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency ( spad ) .
we hypothesized that late-onset rrti is caused by mild immunodeficiencies , such as spad , that remain hidden through adult life.
we analyzed seventeen elderly rrti patients and matched controls.
twelve patients ( @percent@ ) and ten controls ( @percent@ ) had spad.
iga was lower in patients than in controls , but other parameters did not differ.
often , mbl2 secretor genotypes did not match functional deficiency , suggesting that functional mbl deficiency can be an acquired condition.
in conclusion , we found spad and mbl deficiency in many elderly , and conjecture that at least the latter arises with age.
however , the observational nature of cohort studies precludes a definitive assessment of cause and effect because residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded.
whether vitamin d supplementation may have a role in the prevention of diabetes in high-risk populations remains to be seen.
as with many other tissues and organs , the immune system is also affected by age.
immunosenescence is characterized by a decreased ability of immune cells to mount a productive response upon exposure to new antigens.
autophagy is a catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic material to the lysosomes for degradation.
defective autophagy is known to be associated with age in several cell types and tissues and its dysregulation is related to age-associated diseases.
in t-cells , autophagy has an essential role in modulating protein and organelle homeostasis and in the regulation of activation-induced responses.
interestingly , increased autophagy is positively correlated with increased interferon-γ production.
in conclusion , autophagy appears to be better maintained in members of families with extended longevity and positively correlates with improved t-cell function.
rising obesity rates , coupled with population aging , have elicited serious concern over the impact of obesity on disability in later life.
it is not known whether this trend has continued.
in period @number@ ( 2005-2012 ) , this association remained stable for functional and severe adl impairment and decreased for moderate-to-severe adl impairment.
the fraction of population disability attributable to obesity followed a similar trend.
the trend of an increasing association between obesity and disability has leveled off in more recent years , and is even improving for some measures.
these findings suggest that public health and policy concerns that obesity would continue to become more disabling over time have not been borne out.
a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of @number@ aged @number@ years or older in south africa was conducted in @number@
the questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics , health variables , and self-reported sleep duration.
in addition , coming from the indian or asian african population group was associated with short sleep.
no population group differences were found regarding long sleep prevalence.
white africans reported more short sleep duration than the other population groups , while there were no racial or ethnic differences in long sleep.
white africans are more likely to have sleep durations that are associated with negative health outcomes.
an explanation of the high short sleep prevalence among white africans may be related to their racial or ethnic minority status in south africa.
results : there were notable health differences between the injured worker and comparator samples for the post-injury period.
injured men and women were more likely to report arthritis , hypertension , ulcers , depression , and back problems than the comparator sample.
injured women were also more likely to report migraine headaches and asthma.
objective : post-traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) is a common psychiatric disorder , which may accelerate aging.
many study have investigated the association between telomeres length and ptsd , but results from published studies are contradictory.
therefore , meta-analysis approaches were conducted to give more precise estimate of relationship between telomere length and ptsd.
data were summarized by using random-effects in the meta-analysis.
the heterogeneity among studies were examined by using cochrane's q statistic and i-squared.
results : five eligible studies containing @number@ participants were included in our meta-analysis.
the age-related capacity decline of dna damage repair in human peripheral blood has been demonstrated.
consequently , we hypothesized that the expression and / or activity of ercc1 and xpf may be associated with age.
however , little was known about the quantitative relationship of ercc1 and xpf expression levels with age.
chd4 recruits repressive chromatin proteins to sites of dna damage repair , including dna methyltransferases where it imposes de novo dna methylation.
at tsgs , chd4 retention helps maintain dna transcriptional silencing.
chd4 knockdown activates silenced tsgs , revealing their role for blunting colorectal cancer cell proliferation , invasion , and metastases.
high chd4 and 8-ohdg levels plus low expression of tsgs strongly correlates with early disease recurrence and decreased overall survival.
aim : to explore the relationship between the anatomical site of peripheral venous catheterization and risk of catheter-related phlebitis.
background : peripheral venous catheterization is frequently associated with phlebitis.
design : systematic review.
methods : we searched medline ( pubmed ) and cinahl ( ebscohost ) databases until the end of @date@ .
we also reviewed the reference lists of retrieved articles and gray literature was excluded.
searches were limited to articles published in english with no restriction imposed to date of publication.
the primary outcome was the incidence of phlebitis associated with anatomical site of peripheral catheterization.
results : antecubital fossa veins are associated with lower phlebitis rates , while hands veins are the most risky sites to develop phlebitis.
there is no consensus regarding vein in forearm.
conclusion : choosing the right anatomical site to insert a peripheral venous catheter is important to decrease phlebitis rate.
further studies should compare indwelling time in different anatomical sites with phlebitis rate.
a more standardized approach in defining and assessing phlebitis among studies is recommended.
this article reviews material presented at the @number@ scottsdale headache symposium.
this presentation provided scientific results and rationale for the use of intranasal oxytocin for the treatment of migraine headache.
results from preclinical experiments are reviewed , including in vitro experiments demonstrating that trigeminal ganglia neurons possess oxytocin receptors and are inhibited by oxytocin.
furthermore , most of these same neurons contain cgrp , the release of which is inhibited by oxytocin.
the results provide a strong argument for further development of intranasal oxytocin for migraine prophylaxis.
the mylohyoid bridging is a hyperostotic variation representing formation of bony bridges over the mylohyoid groove.
the striatum and thalamus are subcortical structures intimately involved in addiction.
human studies using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) have shown inconsistencies in volume changes , and have also shown an age effect.
we did not find significant differences in volume and mean kurtosis ( mkt ) between groups.
however , we found significant contraction of nucleus accumbens in ca compared to hcs.
we also found significant age-related changes in volume and mkt of ca in striatum and thalamus that are different to those seen in normal aging.
alcohol consumption is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors , and is correlated with the risk of alcohol use disorders.
we compared retirement planning perceptions of these adults with heterosexual adults and examined the potential role of social support.
despite its apparent simplicity , the nematode caenorhabditis elegans has a high rating as a model in molecular and developmental biology and biomedical research.
in particular , studies in c. elegans have pioneered the fundamental role of cilia for cystic kidney diseases.
this review recounts the way that c. elegans can be used to investigate various aspects of genetic and molecular nephrology.
this model system opens up an exciting and new area of study of renal development and diseases.
the age of an individual is an important , independent risk factor for many of the most common diseases afflicting modern societies.
interleukin-7 ( il-7 ) plays a central , critical role in the homeostasis of the immune system.
recent studies support a critical role for il-7 in the maintenance of a vigorous healthspan.
we describe the role of il-7 and its receptor in immunosenescence , the aging of the immune system.
an understanding of the role that il-7 plays in aging may permit parsimonious preventative or therapeutic solutions for diverse conditions.
perhaps il-7 might be used to \ "tune \ " the immune system to optimize human healthspan and longevity.
multinomial logistic regression models examined the association between the frequency of using household sprays and disinfectants with asthma and wheezing adjusting for potential confounders.
in addition , low / medium use of disinfectants was associated with remittent asthma ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
selected reaction monitoring ( srm ) is a powerful tool for targeted detection and quantification of peptides in complex matrices.
the first objective is achieved by system suitability tests ( sst ) , which verify that mass spectrometric instrumentation performs as specified.
the second objective is achieved by quality control ( qc ) , which provides in-process quality assurance of the sample profile.
a common aspect of sst and qc is the longitudinal nature of the data.
although sst and qc have received a lot of attention in the proteomic community , the currently used statistical methods are limited.
this manuscript improves upon the statistical methodology for sst and qc that is currently used in proteomics.
we implemented the methods in an open-source r-based software package msstatsqc and its web-based graphical user interface.
they are available for use stand-alone , or for integration with automated pipelines.
although the examples focus on targeted proteomics , the statistical methods in this manuscript apply more generally to quantitative proteomics.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is caused by a mutation in lmna that produces an aberrant lamin a protein , progerin.
the accumulation of progerin in hgps cells leads to an aberrant nuclear morphology , genetic instability , and p53-dependent premature senescence.
how p53 is activated in response to progerin production is unknown.
here we show that young cycling hgps fibroblasts exhibit chronic dna damage , primarily in s phase , as well as delayed replication fork progression.
unlike normal human cells that can be immortalized by enforced expression of telomerase alone , immortalization of hgps cells requires telomerase expression and p53 repression.
in addition , we show that the dna damage response in hgps cells does not originate from eroded telomeres.
furthermore , this damage response is shown to be independent of progerin farnesylation , implying that unprocessed lamin a alone causes replication stress.
background : examination of linked data on patient outcomes and cost of care may help identify areas where stroke care can be improved.
methods and results : prospective data collected for a prespecified economic analysis of the trial were used.
the kind of resources used postdischarge also varied between treatment groups.
incremental short-term cost-effectiveness ratios varied greatly when treatments were compared for patient subgroups.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
registration number : nct00359424.
aim : numerous geriatric patients develop colorectal disease.
elderly patients are often considered high-risk surgical candidates.
enhanced recovery after surgery ( e.r.a.s. ) has been proven to be beneficial for patients.
the aim of the study was to evaluate the results of an eras protocol in older patients that underwent colorectal surgery compared to younger patients.
end point of interest were postoperative complications , 90-day mortality , length of hospital stay and readmission within @number@ days.
old age does not represent a contraindication to the implementation of the e.r.a.s protocol in patients that underwent colorectal surgery.
the aging of the population raises new questions in the management of the colorectal surgery in the elderly.
eras pathway has been proven to be beneficial for patients , which results in a reduction of postoperative morbidity.
like many humans , non-human primates deposit copious misfolded aβ protein in the brain as they age.
recent research suggests that the crucial link between aβ aggregation and tauopathy is somehow disengaged in aged monkeys.
aging is associated with changes in left atrial ( la ) structure and function.
the present study aimed at describing the effect of aging on la properties in a large cohort of subjects without structural heart disease.
two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was used to assess la reservoir function , reflecting la compliance.
in conclusion , aging is associated with longer pwd and pa-tdi duration along with a decrease in la reservoir function.
obesity and larger la volumes are independently associated with reduced la compliance.
we investigated the role of neuronal α-syn in myelin composition and abnormalities.
the phospholipid content of purified myelin was determined by background : back pain and disc degeneration have a growing socioeconomic healthcare impact.
mucin @number@ ( muc1 ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose extracellular and intracellular domains participate in cellular signaling.
little is currently known about the presence or role of muc1 in human disc degeneration.
a significant positive correlation was present between the percentage of muc1-positive cells and disc grade ( p = @number@ ) .
one important aspect of acute stress exposure that may underlie detrimental effects on health is physiological reactivity to the stressor.
however , the relationship between cortisol output and buccal telomere length became non-significant when adjusting for medication use.
overall , these findings may indicate there are limited and mixed associations between stress reactivity and telomere length across physiological systems.
yet methodological challenges associated with establishing common assessment and classification procedures hamper the construct.
this article reviews essential features of scd associated with preclinical ad and current measurement approaches , highlighting challenges in harmonizing study findings across settings.
we consider the relation of scd to important variables and outcomes ( e.g. , ad biomarkers , clinical progression ) .
we conclude with a discussion of intervention strategies for scd , ethical considerations , and future research priorities.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , amyloid-β ( aβ ) pathology and intrinsic functional connectivity ( ifc ) interact.
across stages of ad , we expected individual spatial correspondence of aβ and ifc to reveal both aβ accumulation and its detrimental effects on ifc.
we used resting-state functional magnetic imaging and aβ imaging in a cross-sectional sample of @number@ subjects across stages of ad and healthy older adults.
global and local correspondence of aβ and ifc were assessed within the posterior default mode network ( pdmn ) by within-subject voxel-wise correlations.
positive global correspondence suggests that aβ accumulation progresses along ifc , with this effect starting in preclinical stages , and being constant along clinical periods.
negative local correspondence suggests detrimental effects of aβ on ifc in network centers , starting at preclinical stages , and peaking when first symptoms appear.
data reveal a complex trajectory of aβ and ifc correspondence , affecting both aβ accumulation and ifc impairments.
background : cryotherapy is a physiotherapy method used to treat back pain in older persons.
objective : this study aims to evaluate the changes in the rheological parameters of blood in older women with spondyloarthrosis , who underwent whole-body cryotherapy.
methods : the experimental group comprised @number@ older women with lumbar spondyloarthrosis , aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
due to the methodology of the procedure , the experimental group was randomly divided into three groups.
the control group comprised @number@ women who did not undergo any form of therapy.
for this reason , the benefit of using whole-body cryotherapy in these persons is debatable.
background : stroke survivors ' risk of falls may be particularly sensitive to the environment due to deficits such as visuospatial neglect or homonymous hemianopia.
we sought to identify the prevalence of falls among stroke survivors and investigate the possible role of the environment in falling.
we compared the prevalence of falling in the past month between stroke survivors and demographic and comorbidity matched controls using sequential poisson regression models.
indoor tripping hazards were associated with falls ( pr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions : the difference in falls among stroke survivors and matched controls is largely explained by known risk factors and physical capacity.
indoor tripping hazards were associated with falls among stroke survivors and matched controls.
explanations of why the association between stroke and falls was protective in areas of high social disorder are unclear , but may warrant additional research.
individuals with down syndrome ( ds ) are more likely to experience earlier onset of multiple facets of physiological aging.
this includes brain atrophy , beta amyloid deposition , cognitive decline , and alzheimer's disease-factors indicative of brain aging.
chronological age was then subtracted from brain-predicted age to generate a brain-predicted age difference ( brain-pad ) score.
we compared the frequency of @number@ risk factors between the subgroups , and used cox-regression to examine the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline.
depression , obesity , and hypercholesterolemia occurred more often in individuals with low-ad-likelihood , compared with those with a high-ad-likelihood.
only alcohol use increased the risk of cognitive decline , regardless of ad pathology.
we evaluated which neuropsychological measures in our cognitive battery are most strongly associated with cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) biomarkers of ad brain pathology.
participants completed a battery of @number@ neuropsychological measures at baseline and then every @number@ to @number@ years.
the visual processing of complex motion is impaired in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
our data confirm a marked motion-processing deficit specific to some ad patients , and greater than any form-processing deficit for this group.
we investigated the association of apoe genotype with nonrespiratory sleep parameters.
we found some evidence for stronger associations of ɛ4 with sleep duration among african americans.
conclusions : self-reported sleep duration , napping , and trouble falling / staying asleep differ by apoe genotype.
studies are needed to examine whether apoe promotes ad by degrading sleep and to clarify the role of race in these associations.
power spectra were obtained from sleep eeg ( central derivation ) , using a 2-second sliding window , with 1-second steps.
mixed repeated measures analysis was used to compare sleep outcomes at post-treatment and 4-months follow-up , with baseline values as covariates.
benefits were slightly attenuated but remained significant at 4-month follow-up ( all p's < @number@ ) .
there were no differences in total sleep time between groups.
conclusions : a short behavioral sleep intervention may have important benefits in improving objectively measured sleep in older adults participating in adhc.
future studies are needed to study implementation of this intervention into routine clinical care within adhc.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a major cause of visual impairment that affects the central retina.
genome wide association studies and candidate gene screens have identified members of the complement pathway as contributing to the risk of amd.
objective : to evaluate the association of tsh and ft4 with incident fractures in euthyroid individuals.
design : individual participant data analysis.
setting : thirteen prospective cohort studies with baseline examinations between @number@ and @number@
participants : adults with baseline tsh @number@ to @number@ miu / l. main outcome measures : primary outcome was incident hip fracture.
secondary outcomes were any , nonvertebral , and vertebral fractures.
results were presented as hazard ratios ( hrs ) with @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) adjusted for age and sex.
ft4 was assessed as study-specific standard deviation increase , because assays varied between cohorts.
ft4 only was associated with any and nonvertebral fractures.
results remained similar in sensitivity analyses.
conclusions : among euthyroid adults , lower tsh and higher ft4 are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
these findings may help refine the definition of optimal ranges of thyroid function tests.
background : sarcopenia affects more than @percent@ of older adults.
next to age-associated physiologic changes , diseases like diabetes or inflammatory , neurological , malignant and endocrine disorders may contribute to the development of sarcopenia.
likewise , polypharmacy , i.e. , multiple drug use , is common among older adults.
although the two conditions frequently co-occur , the association of polypharmacy with sarcopenia has not yet been examined.
we investigated the association of polypharmacy and sarcopenia in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults ( 60-84 years ) .
methods : thousand five hundred and two participants from the berlin aging study ii were included.
polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of @number@ or more drugs ( prescription and nonprescription ) .
sarcopenia was defined as low alm-to-body mass index ( bmi ) -ratio using validated sex-specific cutoffs.
results : mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ were female.
the median ( interquartile range ) number of drugs was @number@ ( 1-4 ) ; @percent@ of subjects reported regular use of ≥5 drugs.
notably , polypharmacy was also associated with higher rates of reduced gait speed and exhaustion.
conclusion : polypharmacy is associated with clinically relevant sarcopenia , as assessed by a low alm / bmi.
few studies have examined social engagement in long-term care facilities in non-western countries.
methods : three hundred fourteen older adults from @number@ nursing homes in korea were included in the study.
convergent and discriminant validities were tested using correlation analysis and t tests , respectively.
factor analysis was adopted to examine the factor structure.
results : the rise showed excellent convergent validity with the average time involved in activities ( r = @number@ ) .
factor analysis showed a good model fit for two factors in the rise : group involvement and interaction with others.
the rise showed satisfactory internal consistency ( α ≥ @number@ ) and adequate interrater reliability ( ≥.40 ) .
conclusions / implications for practice : the rise is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the social engagement of nursing home residents in korea.
furthermore , this tool may be a useful instrument for assessing older ethnic korean residents who reside in nursing homes that are located outside korea.
therefore , this condition is easily overlooked.
the prevalence and factors of influence for mci in older people living in publicly managed congregate housing are currently unknown.
methods : this study applied a correlational study design.
the participants were older people who met the study criteria and who lived in public housing in wanhua district , taipei city , taiwan.
one-on-one interviews were conducted to measure the cognitive abilities of the participants , and @number@ valid samples were collected.
results : the prevalence of mci in older people living in publicly managed congregate housing was @percent@.
the difference between the groups achieved statistical significance ( p < @number@ ) .
after performing logistical regression analysis to control demographic variables , we found that qol and adl were critical for predicting mci.
conclusions / implications for practice : this study confirmed that qol and adl correlate significantly with mci in older people.
maintaining an open and supportive community enables older people to maintain sufficient mental activity , which has been shown to reduce mci.
age-related difficulties in episodic prospective memory ( pm ) are common.
however , little is known about habitual pm , which involves remembering to carry out intended actions that are regular and repeated.
this is important for many health-related tasks and for maintaining independence in daily living activities.
this study investigates , in older people , the predictors of habitual pm performance in a naturalistic setting.
a group of @number@ community-based , older adults ( aged 65-89 years ) wore an actigraph over two weeks.
the habitual pm task involved pressing a button twice daily ( bed-time , rise-time ) on the actigraph.
accuracy of response was calculated for bed-time and rise-time , determined by light , movement , and diary data.
the contribution of retrospective memory and executive function to pm performance was assessed.
retrospective memory contributed small but significant unique variance ( β = @number@ ) to pm accuracy.
this is relevant when planning interventions for maintaining independent living in ageing.
objective : chronological age is commonly used to explain change in sleep.
the present study examines whether subjective age is associated with change in sleep difficulties across middle adulthood and old age.
in each sample , subjective age , sleep difficulties , depressive symptoms , anxiety and chronic conditions were assessed at baseline.
sleep difficulties was assessed again at follow-up.
main outcome measures : sleep difficulties.
feeling older was associated with an increased likelihood of major sleeping difficulties at follow-up in the three samples.
conclusion : subjective age is a salient marker of individuals ' at risk for poor sleep quality , beyond chronological age.
stem cells @number@ ; 35 : 1443-1445.
thus , we investigated how age affects ep-related symptoms.
these data suggest that age-specific guidelines may be necessary.
rnfl thickness was measured by ivue sd-oct.
results : the mean global rnfl thickness was @number@ ± @number@ µm.
mean rnfl thickness decreased by approximately @number@ µm per year of aging life , and by @number@ µm for each 1-mm of axial elongation.
there was a @number@ µm rnfl thickness increase for every dioptre change in spherical power towards more hyperopia.
voxel-based morphometry has been used to investigate the associations between regional gray and white matter volume and cognitive function.
the manuscript introduces these studies ' methods , cautions , results , and problems related to the reports of the results.
these patterns of results suggest the difficulty in finding the specific neural bases that underlie individual cognitive functions through vbm.
brain maturation progresses throughout childhood into adolescence.
investigating the mechanism of brain development during these periods in healthy people is necessary for some clinical purposes.
small vertebral size is an independent risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
we also studied @number@ ) the ages at which ap , ar , pubertal to and pubertal phv occurred.
sex-stratified linear regression analyses were used with adjustments for gestational age , smoking , and education.
birth length / weight / bmi , and adult height / weight / bmi were also used as covariates , depending on the model.
length / height variables were associated with vertebral size only before including adult height in the models , and became non-significant thereafter.
gestational age and timing of growth were not associated with future vertebral csa.
background : mass spectrometric-based measurements of the steroid metabolome have been introduced to diagnose disorders featuring abnormal steroidogenesis.
defined reference intervals are important for interpreting such data.
results : women showed variable plasma concentrations of several steroids associated with menstrual cycle phase , menopause and oral contraceptive use.
progesterone was higher in females than males , but most other steroids were higher in males than females and almost all declined with advancing age.
hypertensives and normotensives showed negligible differences in plasma concentrations of steroids.
genetic-neuroimaging paradigms could provide insights regarding the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder ( bd ) .
nevertheless , findings have been inconsistent across studies.
a systematic review of gene-imaging studies involving individuals with bd was conducted across electronic major databases from inception until @date@ .
forty-four studies met eligibility criteria ( n = 2122 bd participants ) .
twenty-six gene variants were investigated across candidate gene studies and @number@ studies used a genome-wide association approach.
this review underscores the potential of gene-neuroimaging paradigms to provide mechanistic insights for bd.
however , this systematic review found a single replicated finding.
suggestions to improve the reproducibility of this emerging field are provided , including the adoption of a trans-diagnostic approach.
survival of premature infants born at increasingly earlier stages of gestation has made the prevention of lung injury increasingly challenging.
despite improvements in understanding the mechanisms that regulate normal lung development , bpd remains without therapies.
insights into stem cell biology have identified the repair potential of stem cells.
promising preclinical studies demonstrated the lung protective effects of stem cell-based therapies in animal models mimicking bpd , leading to early-phase clinical trials.
stem cells are essential for normal organ development , maintenance , and repair.
it is therefore biologically plausible that exhaustion / dysfunction of resident lung stem cells contributes to the inability of the immature lung to repair itself.
understanding how alcohol exposure during adolescence affects aging is a critical but understudied area.
in addition , alcohol exposure during adolescence facilitated spatial memory impairments to acute ethanol challenges later in life.
the current work demonstrates that exposure to ethanol during adolescent development can produce long-lasting detrimental impairments.
the majority of falls in older adults are due to trips and slips.
the objective of this study was to investigate how age affects arm reactions generated in response to unexpected slips.
thirty-three participants divided into two age groups ( @number@ young , @number@ old ) participated in this study.
participants were exposed to two conditions : known dry walking ( baseline ) and an unexpected slip initiated when stepping onto a glycerol-contaminated floor.
few studies address this group's emerging needs.
our study , a component of a larger evaluation , aimed to identify current and projected needs of plwh receiving hiv community nursing.
we undertook a cross-sectional survey to identify clients ' support needs and explore their future concerns.
there were @number@ of @number@ plwh who met our eligibility criteria to participate in the survey ; @number@ responded.
respondents overrepresented minority , disadvantaged groups.
mental health support was the most common care reported ( @percent@ ) .
respondents ' self-identified needs included access to health care , dealing with pain , anticipated grief due to friends dying , and maintaining independence.
time since hiv diagnosis and sexual orientation were primary variables for which differences were observed.
our study highlights the importance of developing and sustaining hiv specialist community nursing services for aging plwh.
previous women's health practitioners and researchers have postulated that some women are particularly sensitive to hormonal changes occurring during reproductive events.
we hypothesize that some women are particularly sensitive to hormonal changes occurring across their reproductive lifespan.
to evaluate this hypothesis , we reviewed findings from the existing literature and findings from our own lab.
we propose that this pattern reflects a hormonal sensitivity syndrome.
emerging evidences show that autophagy , as a major cellular adaptive degradation mechanism , is involved in tumorigenesis , cell aging , inflammation and neurodegeneration.
although numerous studies have been employed to elucidate the probable issues , the underlying mechanism of the initiation and maturation of autophagy remains unclear.
we then used factor analyses to empirically derive dietary patterns for separate waves.
using group-based trajectory modelling , we generated trajectories of dietary scores and empirical patterns in @number@ b and @number@ k cohort children.
deriving trajectories based on dietary patterns , rather than dietary scores , produced similar findings.
for ' becoming less healthy ' trajectories , dietary quality appeared to worsen from @number@ years of age in both cohorts.
these trajectories appear ideal for future research into dietary determinants and health outcomes.
unintentional body weight loss is common in patients with dementia and is linked to cognitive impairment and poorer disease outcomes.
introduction : the use of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) in older patients with epilepsy is challenged by polypharmacy and decreased drug elimination.
newer aeds have a lower potential for drug interactions and are reported to be better tolerated by the elderly than old-generation aeds.
in this study , phenytoin , valproic acid , carbamazepine , phenobarbital , clobazam , and clonazepam were defined as old-generation aeds.
gabapentin , levetiracetam , lamotrigine , topiramate , oxcarbazepine , lacosamide , and perampanel were defined as new-generation aeds.
co-morbidities were present in @percent@ of the patients , including neuropsychiatric illnesses in @percent@.
present medical treatment included new-generation aeds in @number@ ( @percent@ ) and both old- and new-generation aeds in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
the most commonly used current aeds were phenytoin , gabapentin , levetiracetam , and lamotrigine.
conclusions : new-generation aeds were administered to most of the patients in this outpatient clinic-based cohort of older patients with epilepsy.
online movement adjustments are crucial for daily life.
this is especially true for leg movements in relation to gait , where failed adjustments can lead to falls , especially in elderly.
however , most research has focused on reach adjustments following changes in target location.
this arm research reports two categories of online adjustments ( see gaveau et al. , neuropsychologia 55 : 25-40 , @number@ for review ) .
small , frequently undetected , target location shifts invoke fast , automatic adjustments , usually without awareness.
in contrast , large target location shifts can lead to slow , voluntary adjustments.
these fast and slow adjustments presumably rely on different neural networks , with a possible role for subcortical pathways for the fast responses.
do leg movement adjustments also fall into these two categories ?
we review the literature on leg movement adjustments and show that it is indeed possible to discern fast and slow adjustments.
more specifically , we provide an overview of studies showing adjustments during step preparation , initiation , unobstructed , and obstructed gait.
fast adjustments were found both during stepping and gait.
in the extreme case , even step adjustments appear to be further modifiable online , e.g. , when avoiding obstacles during tripping.
in older adults , movement adjustments are generally slower and of smaller magnitude , consistent with a greater risk of falling.
finally , putative neural pathways are discussed.
the pathological consequences of ales tissue damage include inflammation and increased risk for many chronic diseases that are associated with a western-type diet.
in vivo and in vitro mda generations were similarly suppressed by polyphenol-rich beverages ( red wine and coffee ) consumed with the meal.
nnt knockdown cells show limited abilities to maintain nad estrogen administration following menopause has been shown to support hippocampally mediated cognitive processes.
a number of previous studies have examined the effect of estrogen on hippocampal structure to determine the mechanism underlying estrogen effects on hippocampal function.
however , these studies have been largely observational and provided inconsistent results.
following @number@ months of estradiol administration , bilateral posterior hippocampal voxel-based gray-matter volume was increased in women who received 2-mg estradiol.
there were no significant differences in total hippocampal volume and no significant effects on gray-matter volume in women who received placebo or 1-mg estradiol.
in the open-label period , sustained effects on lipid parameters were observed with anacetrapib and the treatment was generally well tolerated.
one of the risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is aging.
in the elderly endothelial dysfunction occurs as altered endothelial ability to regulate hemostasis , vascular tone and cell permeability.
in addition , there are changes in the expression and plasma levels of important endothelial components related to endothelial-mediated modulation in hemostasis.
these include alterations in the metabolism of nitric oxide and prostanoides , endothelin-1 , thrombomodulin and von willebrand factor.
these alterations potentiate the pro-coagulant status developed with aging , highlighting the endothelial role in the development of thrombosis in aging.
the interrelationships of growth hormone ( gh ) actions and aging are complex and incompletely understood.
however , the benefits of treatment of normal elderly subjects with gh appear to be marginal and counterbalanced by worrisome side effects.
epidemiological studies raise a possibility that the relationship of igf-1 and perhaps also gh levels with human healthy aging and longevity may be biphasic.
objective : the extent to which individuals with et who have clinically significant cognitive impairment are aware of their cognitive changes is unclear.
reduced awareness has important implications for everyday function and decision-making.
discrepancy scores were calculated to assess awareness of cognitive functioning.
one sample t-tests evaluated whether mean discrepancy scores in each group were comparable to zero ( i.e. , accurate ) .
analyses of covariance ( ancova ) compared discrepancy scores across two groups controlling for age and education.
memory discrepancy scores ( m = 0.32 , sd = 1.22 ) were greater than zero.
conclusions : individuals with et and normal cognition accurately assessed their language and executive abilities , demonstrating mild overconfidence in memory function.
individuals with et and cognitive impairment overestimated their performance in all domains of functioning.
purpose : limited information is available on the effect of immediate dentin sealing ( ids ) on the fracture strength of indirect partial posterior restorations.
this study evaluated the effect of ids on the fracture strength and failure types of two indirect restorative materials.
material type and the application of ids significantly affected the results ( p = 0.013 ) .
when materials without ids are compared , l showed significantly lower results than that of mr ( p = 0.035 ) .
with the application of ids , no significant difference was noted between l and mr materials ( p = 0.160 ) .
in @percent@ of the cases , the ids layer left adhered on the tooth surface after fracture tests.
no significant differences were observed between the materials with respect to cement remnants or ids after fracture ( p = 0.880 ) .
conclusion : immediate dentin sealing improves adhesion , and thereby the fracture strength of inlays made of lithium disilicate but not that multiphase resin composite.
does a speaker's face influence the way their voice is heard and later remembered ?
in experiment @number@ participants evaluated each voice on various acoustical dimensions and speaker characteristics.
the results showed that facial displays influenced perception such that the same voice was heard differently depending on the age of the accompanying face.
experiment @number@ further revealed that facial displays led to memory distortions that were age-congruent in nature.
these findings illustrate that faces can activate certain social categories and preconceived stereotypes that then influence vocal and person perception in a corresponding fashion.
streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus ( sgg ) is potentially associated with colorectal cancer ( crc ) and its precursors.
a previous case-control study measured antibody responses to sgg pilus proteins gallo2178 and gallo2179 and identified significant associations with a small fraction of crc cases.
we aimed at replicating and expanding these findings in an independent study including additional sgg antigens and explored the association with precancerous lesions.
in addition , we analyzed crc samples ( n = @number@ ) from patients recruited in a clinical setting ( dachsplus study ) .
antibody responses to sgg are associated with crc and its precursors.
the newly identified sgg six-marker panel and associations found with precancerous lesions should be further explored.
atm ( ataxia-telangiectasia mutated ) protein kinase is a key regulator of cellular responses to dna damage and oxidative stress.
dna damage triggers complex cascade of signaling events leading to numerous posttranslational modification on multitude of proteins.
these responses play an important role in carcinogenesis , neurodegeneration , and aging.
here , we present the first empirical investigation of vigilant attention to verbal stimuli in healthy normal aging.
the practical as well as theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
background context : clinicians regard lumbar lordotic curvature ( llc ) with respect to low back pain ( lbp ) in a contradictory fashion.
the time-honored point of view is that llc itself , or its increment , causes lbp.
the relationship between llc and lbp has immense clinical significance , because it serves as the basis of therapeutic exercises for treating and preventing lbp.
study design : systematic review and meta-analysis.
studies solely involving pediatric populations , or addressing spinal conditions of nondegenerative causes , were excluded.
overall , patients with lbp tended to have smaller lla than healthy controls.
however , the studies were heterogeneous.
among specific diseases , lbp by disc herniation or degeneration was shown to be substantially associated with the loss of llc.
this study assessed outcomes from ed visits attributed to bzds and / or nbzras , and variations in these associations by age group.
methods : data came from the 2004-2011 waves of the drug abuse warning network ( dawn ) .
dawn also recorded the disposition ( i.e. , outcome ) of the visit.
analyses focused on outcomes indicating a serious disposition defined as hospitalization , patient transfer or death.
results were similar across age groups.
aging is a natural process that is associated with cognitive decline as well as functional and social impairments.
thus , such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age-associated neurodegenerative processes.
background : guillain-barré syndrome ( gbs ) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy resulting in demyelination in peripheral nervous system.
myelin enriched in lipids is easily oxidized by reactive oxygen species during inflammation.
oxidative stress and lipophilic anti-oxidative capacities in gbs patients have not been fully explored.
results : concentrations of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol decreased significantly , and α-carotene significantly increased in gbs patients compared to healthy controls.
however , no significant changes in mda and mpo concentrations were detected.
in gbs patients , the γ-tocopherol concentration correlated positively with concentrations of δ-tocopherol , α-tocopherol , lutein , q10 , and γ-cehc , respectively.
similarly , the δ-tocopherol concentration correlated positively with γ-tocopherol , α-tocopherol , lutein , q10 , δ-cehc , and γ-cehc concentrations , respectively.
the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that γ-tocopherol may serve as a good predictor for gbs.
exosomes were also isolated by immunocapture and separated by size exclusion chromatography and density gradient centrifugation.
protein expression was determined by western blot analysis.
ggt activity was measured using a fluorescent probe , γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green ( gglu-hmrg ) .
immunohistochemical analysis of tissues was performed using anti-ggt1 antibody.
in cell lysates and exosomes , ggt1 expression correlated with ggt activity.
size exclusion chromatography of human serum demonstrated the presence of ggt activity and ggt1 subunits in fractions positive for cd9.
density gradient centrifugation revealed the co-presence of ggt1 subunits with cd9 in exosomes isolated by differential centrifugation from human serum.
since ggt activity correlated with ggt1 expression in serum exosomes isolated by differential centrifugation , we measured serum exosomal ggt activity in patients.
unexpectedly , we found that serum exosomal ggt activity was significantly higher in pc patients than in benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) patients.
in support of this finding , immunohistochemical analysis showed increased ggt1 expression in pc tissues compared with bph tissues.
conclusions : our results suggest that serum exosomal ggt activity could be a useful biomarker for pc.
stem cell-based disease modeling is an emerging technology for the mechanistic study and therapeutic screening of complex ocular pathologies.
in this issue of cell stem cell , saini et al.
a decline in proteasome function is causally connected to neuronal aging and aging-associated neuropathologies.
proteasome impairment induces mgrn1 monoubiquitination , the key post-translational modification for its nuclear entry.
one potential mechanism for mgrn1 monoubiquitination is via progressive deubiquitination at the proteasome of polyubiquitinated mgrn1.
once in the nucleus , mgrn1 potentiates the transcriptional cellular response to proteotoxic stress.
to date , research on human resilience responses to and factors influencing these responses has been limited.
effects of aging-related factors in impairing homeostatic responses were developed from examples illustrating multiple determinants of clinical resilience outcomes.
research directions were identified by workshop participants.
better measures , including simulation tests , are needed to assess resilience and its determinants.
mechanistic studies should include exploration of influences of biologic aging processes on human resiliencies.
background : low-trauma fractures of elderly women are a major public health concern.
background : we currently still lack valid methods to dynamically measure resilience for stressors before the appearance of adverse health outcomes that hamper well-being.
quantifying an older adult's resilience in an early stage would aid complex decision-making in health care.
frailty was determined by the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) frailty index.
the resilience indicators ( variance , temporal autocorrelation , and cross-correlation ) were calculated using multilevel models.
temporal autocorrelation was not significantly associated with frailty.
conclusions : we found supporting evidence for two out of three hypothesized resilience indicators to be related to frailty levels in older adults.
phenolic compounds are of crucial importance for red wine color and mouthfeel attributes.
a large number of enzymatic and chemical reactions involving phenolic compounds take place during winemaking and aging.
despite the large number of published analytical methods for phenolic analyses , the values obtained may vary considerably.
in addition , the existing scientific knowledge needs to be updated , but also critically evaluated and simplified for newcomers and wine industry partners.
the selection of spectrophotometry was based on its ease of use as a routine analytical technique.
precipitation methods for total tannin levels have also been identified as preferred protocols for these types of compounds.
the bovine serum albumin tannin assay also allows for the estimation of the anthocyanins content with the measurement of small and large polymeric pigments.
the proliferation of prostate cancer cells is controlled by the androgen receptor ( ar ) signaling pathway.
however , the function of ar target genes has not been fully elucidated.
in previous studies , we have identified global ar binding sites and ar target genes in prostate cancer cells.
here , we focused on claudin @number@ ( cldn8 ) , a protein constituting tight junctions in cell membranes.
we found one ar binding site in the promoter region and two functional androgen-responsive elements in the sequence.
reporter assay revealed that transcriptional activation of the cldn8 promoter by androgen is dependent on these androgen-responsive elements.
in addition , our functional analyses by overexpression and knockdown of cldn8 mrna indicate that cldn8 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration.
claudin @number@ was overexpressed in prostate cancer clinical samples compared to benign tissues.
furthermore , we found that cldn8 regulates intracellular signal transduction and stabilizes the cytoskeleton.
taken together , these results indicate that cldn8 functions as an ar downstream signal to facilitate the progression of prostate cancer.
claudin @date@ be a novel molecular target for prostate cancer therapy.
for years our efforts have been focused on vaccination during childhood.
today we know that this is not enough to ensure health in the rest of the life.
hypertension and aging are characterized by vascular remodelling and stiffness as well as endothelial dysfunction.
different phenotypes of hypertension have been described in younger and adult subjects with hypertension.
hyaluronan ( ha ) , an abundant polysaccharide found in human bodies , plays a role in the mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) maintenance.
we had previously found that ha prolonged the lifespan , and prevented the cellular aging of murine adipose-derived stromal cells.
recently , we had also summarized the potential pathways associated with ha regulation in human mscs.
in this study , we used the human placenta-derived mscs ( pdmsc ) to investigate the effectiveness of ha in maintaining the pdmsc.
we found that coating the culture surface coated with @number@ μg cm alzheimer's disease and related dementias ( adrd ) affect over @number@ million americans.
over a typical disease course of 5-10 years , family caregivers provide the majority of the day-to-day hands-on on care for persons with dementia.
our nation can and should do more to help family caregivers provide care in the home to their loved ones who suffer from dementia.
we will all benefit if we design and implement a better system of care for persons with dementia.
most importantly , families need our help now.
we need to move faster.
elevated txnrd activity in long-lived species reflected increases in the mitochondrial form , txnrd2 , rather than the cytosolic forms txnrd1 and txnrd3.
the field of nutrition has evolved rapidly over the past century.
here , the possible modulatory effect of physical similarity between the observer and the agent was investigated in three studies.
this finding is not in keeping with the idea that physical similarity shapes the mirror-neuron resonance.
therefore , we found preliminary evidence that mirror-neuron resonance is not shaped by physical similarity but by the kinematics of the observed action.
stereopsis is the primary cue underlying our ability to make fine depth judgments.
although human infants begin to exhibit disparity-specific responses between @number@ and @number@ months of age , it is not known how relative disparity mechanisms develop.
here we show that the specialization for relative disparity is highly immature in 4- to 6-month-old infants but is adult-like in 4- to 7-year-old children.
disparity-tuning functions for horizontal and vertical disparities were measured using the visual evoked potential.
infant relative disparity thresholds , unlike those of adults , were equal for vertical and horizontal disparities.
their horizontal disparity thresholds were a factor of ∼10 higher than adults , but their vertical disparity thresholds differed by a factor of only ∼4.
horizontal relative disparity thresholds for 4- to 7-year-old children were comparable with those of adults at ∼0.5 arcmin.
this manipulation regulated the availability of coarse-scale relative disparity cues.
variability of neuronal responses is thought to underlie flexible and optimal brain function.
variability in brain regions including a key node of the salience network ( anterior insula ) increased linearly across the lifespan across datasets.
in contrast , variability in most other large-scale networks decreased linearly over the lifespan.
background : thioredoxin ( trx ) -1 , a ubiquitous 12-kda protein , exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
in contrast , the truncated form , called trx80 , produced by macrophages induces upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
trx80 also promotes the differentiation of mouse peritoneal and human macrophages toward a proinflammatory m1 phenotype.
methods : trx1 and trx80 plasma levels were determined with a specific elisa.
western immunoblots were performed with specific antibodies to adam-10 or adam-17.
angiogenesis study was evaluated in vitro with human microvascular endothelial cells-1 and in vivo with the matrigel plug angiogenesis assay in mice.
the expression of macrophage phenotype markers was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction.
phosphorylation of akt , mechanistic target of rapamycin , and 70s6k was determined with specific antibodies.
results : in this study , we observed a significant increase of plasma levels of trx80 in old subjects compared with healthy young subjects.
furthermore , trx80 was found to colocalize with tumor necrosis factor-α , a macrophage m1 marker , in human atherosclerotic plaque.
moreover , trx80 exerts a powerful angiogenic effect in both in vitro and in vivo mouse studies.
finally , transgenic mice that overexpress human trx80 specifically in macrophages of apoe conclusions : trx80 showed an age-dependent increase in human plasma.
in mouse models , trx80 was associated with a proinflammatory status and increased atherosclerosis.
objective : a disintegrin and metalloproteinase adam17 ( tumor necrosis factor-α [ tnf ] -converting enzyme ) regulates soluble tnf levels.
the depth of our knowledge regarding mast cells has widened exponentially in the last @number@ years.
once thought to be only important for allergy-mediated events , mast cells are now recognized to be important regulators of a number of pathological processes.
the revelation that mast cells can influence organs , tissues , and cells has increased interest in mast cell research during liver disease.
overall , these studies demonstrate the potential role of mast cells in disease progression.
background : adaptive postural control can be impaired in the presence of frailty syndrome , given that this condition causes homeostatic dysregulation in physiological systems.
the frail group showed no reduction in entropy values in either direction , and the pre-frail group showed no reduction in the ml direction.
blood is a matrix with high potential for forensic investigations and human rescue.
its volatile signature can be used in search exercises to locate injured or deceased individuals.
the average peak width at half height was 340ms and the average tailing factor was @number@
the effects of these risk factors from childhood on midlife cognitive performance are unknown.
objectives : this study sought to investigate the associations between childhood / adolescence cardiovascular risk factors and midlife cognitive performance.
bp , serum lipids , body mass index , and smoking were assessed in all follow-ups.
in @number@ cognitive testing was performed in @number@ participants aged @number@ to @number@ years.
this difference corresponds to the effect of @number@ years aging on this cognitive domain.
conclusions : cumulative burden of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood / adolescence associate with worse midlife cognitive performance independent of adulthood exposure.
aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength.
the decline , known as sarcopenia , could lead to physical disability , poor quality of life , and death.
in addition , the older population usually experiences age-related muscle changes that affect muscle mass , muscular strength , and functional abilities.
the purpose of this review is to describe the role of protein and exercise in slowing the progression of sarcopenia.
it will also discuss whether age-related changes can be attenuated by dietary protein and exercise in the older population.
moreover , studies are required to explore some inconclusive findings concerning sarcopenia in the older population.
hence , we propose that precise and early detection of aggresome-pathology can allow the timely assessment of disease severity in copd-emphysema subjects for prognosis-based intervention.
they are often perceived to serve similar or overlapping roles.
recently , gdf11 has been identified as playing a role during aging , however there are conflicting reports as to the nature of this role.
consequently we expect to develop a deeper understanding about the function of these two proteins in organismal aging and disease.
background : age-related memory decline has been well-documented ; however , some individuals reach their 8th-10th decade while maintaining strong memory performance.
participants were grouped into optimal ( n = 25 ) vs. typical ( n = 100 ) performers using performance on @number@ challenging memory measures.
non-parametric tests were used to compare groups.
results : there were no differences in age , sex , or education between optimal vs. typical performers.
the optimal group performed better in processing speed ( p = 0.016 ) and executive functioning ( p < 0.001 ) .
twenty-three of the @number@ optimal performers had longitudinal data and16 maintained top memory performance while @number@ declined.
non-maintainers additionally declined in executive functioning but not processing speed.
conclusions : excellent memory performance in late life does not guarantee protection against cognitive decline.
those who maintain an optimal memory into the 8th and 9th decades may have lower levels of ad pathology.
hepatitis e virus ( hev ) , the causative agent of hepatitis e , is an important public health problem throughout the world.
there is little information available on the autochthonous hev infection in highland inhabitants ( tibet , average elevation > 3000m ) of china.
for this purpose , serum samples were collected from @number@ local volunteers and @number@ tibetan pigs from @date@ to @date@ .
all the samples were examined for the presence of anti-hev igg antibodies by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
while socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics were also obtained through questionnaire.
the present survey found a close relationship among the hev of tibetan people and pigs.
our findings confirmed the presence of autochthonous hev among people and pigs in tibet , china.
therefore , effective measures should be taken to prevent and control hev infection in tibet , china.
osteoporosis is a common and debilitating bone disease that is characterised by low bone mineral density , typically assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
the genetic influence on the bone qualities assessed by qus remains an under-studied area.
these results were then meta-analysed with those from two deeply imputed gwas replication cohorts ( n = @number@ and @number@ @number@ ) .
an additional novel locus for bua was seen in the male-specific analysis at defb103b ( 8p23.1 ) ( p = @number@ × 10-6 ) .
study objectives : to determine the association of actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation with cognition in community-dwelling older women.
total sleep time ( tst ) and wake after sleep onset ( waso ) tertiles were our primary predictors.
results : there were few significant associations in adjusted analyses.
we observed significant adjusted associations of tst with impaired 3ms performance and of waso with impaired delayed recall , semantic fluency , and digit span.
some of these associations may be driven by women with dementia in whom disturbed sleep and cognitive performance share an underlying neuropathological basis.
rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) are involved in mrna splicing , maturation , transport , translation , storage and turnover.
here , we identified acot7 mrna as a novel target of human wig1.
acot7 mrna decay was triggered by the microrna mir-9 in a wig1-dependent manner via classic recruitment of argonaute @number@ ( ago2 ) .
the wig1-ago2 complex attenuated translation initiation via an interaction with translation initiation factor 5b ( eif5b ) .
we also identified wig1-binding motifs using photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation analyses.
this paper reviews the use of descriptive statistics to describe the participants included in a study.
osteoblasts , the bone-forming cells of the remodeling unit , are essential for growth and maintenance of the skeleton.
conversely , anabolic treatments for osteoporosis enhance the work of the osteoblast by altering osteoblast metabolism.
emerging evidence supports glycolysis as the major metabolic pathway to meet atp demand during osteoblast differentiation.
glut1 and glut3 are the principal transporters of glucose in osteoblasts , although glut4 has also been implicated.
wnt signaling induces osteoblast differentiation and activates glycolysis through mammalian target of rapamycin , whereas parathyroid hormone stimulates glycolysis through induction of insulin-like growth factor-i.
former foster youth are at increased risk of housing instability and sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) during the transitional period following foster care.
matched administrative records identified @number@ former foster youth who were eligible for the housing program during 2007-2010.
marginal structural models were used to assess impacts of the program on these outcomes.
three housing stability patterns ( unstable housing , stable housing , and rare institutional dwelling patterns ) were identified.
background : alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by multiple dimensions including cognitive decline , decreased daily functioning and psychiatric symptoms.
this systematic review aims to investigate the relation between somatic comorbidity burden and progression in late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
from the @number@ articles identified originally , @number@ studies were included in this review.
the newcastle-ottawa quality assessment was used.
the large variation in progression measures , comorbidity indexes and study designs hampered the ability to perform a meta-analysis.
this review was registered with prospero under dio : @number@.15124 / crd42015027046.
results : nine studies indicated that comorbidity burden was associated with deterioration in at least one of the three dimensions of load examined.
seven out of ten studies investigating cognition found comorbidities to be related to decreased cognitive performance.
five out of the seven studies investigating daily functioning showed an association between comorbidity burden and decreased daily functioning.
neuropsychiatric symptoms ( nps ) increased with increasing comorbidity burden in two out of three studies investigating nps.
associations were predominantly found in studies analyzing the association cross-sectionally , in a time-varying manner or across short follow-up ( ≤2 years ) .
rarely baseline comorbidity burden appeared to be associated with outcomes in studies analyzing progression over longer follow-up periods ( > 2 years ) .
conclusion : this review provides evidence of an association between somatic comorbidities and multifaceted load progression.
therefore , both future studies and clinical practice may benefit from regarding comorbidity as a modifiable factor with a possibly fluctuating influence on load.
to develop an applicable prediction for obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is still a challenge in clinical practice.
we apply a modern machine learning method , the support vector machine to establish a predicting model for the severity of osa.
the established model was then valided independently on the second database.
the anthropometric features and age were combined to generate powerful predictors for osa.
following the common practice , we predict if a subject has the apnea-hypopnea index greater then @number@ or not as well as @number@ or not.
increasing age is a risk factor for many varieties of cancer , including most non-aids-defining malignancies.
moreover , the premature ageing described in plwh and the development of cancer share many molecular features.
as a consequence , there has been a dramatic increase in the number of plwh who are diagnosed with cancer.
the treatment of older hiv-positive patients with cancer requires careful attention to details.
the aging hiv population presents a new clinical concern for hiv providers : adverse effects from polypharmacy.
an aging population means more comorbidities and potentially more drug-drug interactions for providers to manage.
cardiovascular disease is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the hiv population as in the general population.
whether hiv itself is an additive and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) remains a central question.
if and how hiv impacts the ageing process is an important and related question.
similarly , hiv infection is associated with fatty liver as a result of multiple viral and host factors.
clearly , lipodystrophy , dysregulation of the gut-liver axis and hiv infection itself may each contribute simultaneously to nafld pathogenesis.
although lifestyle changes are the mainstay of treatment , to date no drug has specifically been approved for use in persons with nafld.
the geriatric syndromes include a wide variety of disease processes ranging from incontinence and dementia to impairments in physical function.
in addition , there have also been continued new hiv diagnoses ( and new hiv infections ) in those aged more than @number@ years.
the average age of those attending hiv clinics has therefore increased , with this trend expected to continue into the future.
as the cohort of plwh has aged , so the spectrum and burden of age-associated noncommunicable comorbidities ( aanccs ) in the cohort has increased.
plwh are likely , therefore , to have increased healthcare needs for the foreseeable future.
here , we aim to analyse the different ageing mechanisms with regard to hiv infection.
ageing results from the time-dependent accumulation of random cellular damage.
epigenetic modifications and mitochondrial dna haplogroups modulate ageing.
in antiretroviral treatment-controlled patients , epigenetic clock appears to be advanced , and some haplogroups are associated with hiv infection severity.
telomere shortening is enhanced in hiv-infected patients because of hiv and some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
mitochondria-related oxidative stress and mitochondrial dna mutations are increased during ageing and also by some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
in hiv-infected patients , the level of inflammation and innate immunity activation is enhanced and related to most comorbidities and to mortality.
adaptive immune activation and immunosenescence are associated with comorbidities and mortality in the general population but are less predictive in hiv-infected patients.
biomarkers to evaluate ageing in hiv-infected patients are required.
numerous systemic or cellular inflammatory , immune activation , oxidative stress , or senescence markers can be tested in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
some enhanced inflammatory or innate immune activation markers are interesting but still not validated for the patient's follow-up.
to be able to assess patients ' biological age is an important objective to improve their healthspan.
design : cross-sectional study of sepsis readmissions between @number@ and @number@ in the medicare fee-for-service database.
setting : acute care , medicare participating hospitals from @number@ to @number@
patients : septic patients as identified by international classification of diseases , ninth revision codes using the angus method.
interventions : none.
we examined the relationship between risk-standardized readmission rates and hospital-level composite measures of quality and mortality.
from @number@ hospitalizations among @number@ hospitals from @number@ to @number@ median risk-standardized readmission rates was @percent@ ( interquartile range , @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : one third of sepsis survivors were readmitted and wide variation exists between hospitals.
several demographic and structural factors are associated with this variation.
measures of higher quality in-hospital care were correlated with higher readmission rates.
several potential explanations are possible including poor risk standardization , more research is needed.
as the world prepares for an increasingly aging population with chronic debilitating diseases , the demand for home healthcare services is increasing.
as such , home healthcare clinicians face increased pressure to find resources and continuing support for patients.
one area that may be underutilized is accessing veteran benefits.
home healthcare clinicians may find understanding veteran's health benefits intimidating and may falsely assume that a veteran is aware of his or her benefits.
background : despite treatment with virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy ( art ) , neurocognitive impairment may persist or develop de novo in aging hiv-infected individuals.
we evaluated advancing age as a predictor of neurocognitive impairment in a large cohort of previously art-naive individuals on long-term art.
design : the aids clinical trials group longitudinal linked randomized trials was a prospective cohort study of hiv-infected individuals originally enrolled in randomized art trials.
this analysis examined neurocognitive outcomes at least @number@ years after art initiation.
uni and multivariable repeated measures regression models evaluated factors associated with neurocognitive performance.
results : the cohort comprised @number@ individuals with median pre-art age of @number@ years , @percent@ women ; @percent@ black , non-hispanic ; @percent@ hispanic.
virologic suppression was maintained at @percent@ of follow-up visits.
neurocognitive performance improved with years of art.
objectives : cognitive decline is often associated with the aging process.
ashwagandha ( withania somnifera ( l. )
dunal ) has long been used in the traditional ayurvedic system of medicine to enhance memory and improve cognition.
aim : this pilot study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha ( withania somnifera ( l. )
dunal ) in improving memory and cognitive functioning in adults with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
methods : a prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was conducted in @number@ adults.
subjects were treated with either ashwagandha-root extract ( @number@ mg twice daily ) or placebo for eight weeks.
vascularization is fundamental for bone formation and bone tissue homeostasis.
osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal , and it represents a sign of normal aging.
in both studies , young and older participants rated personality trait adjectives on age typicality , valence , and self-typicality.
( psycinfo database record a growing number of studies have reported age-related reductions in the frequency of mind wandering.
based on research demonstrating age-accompanied deficits in executive functioning , we expected to observe increases in unintentional mind wandering with increasing age.
in both studies , we found that older adults did indeed report lower rates of intentional mind wandering compared with young adults.
we discuss the implications of these findings for theories of age-related declines in mind wandering.
( psycinfo database record views on aging are central psychosocial variables in the aging process , but knowledge about their determinants is still fragmental.
they analyzed data from @number@ monozygotic and @number@ dizygotic twin pairs from the midlife development in the u.s.
( midus ) study , aged 25-74.
individual differences in views on aging were mainly due to individual-specific environmental and genetic effects.
however , depending on the domain , genetic and environmental contributions to the variance differed.
furthermore , for some domains , variability was larger for older participants ; this was attributable to increases in environmental components.
( psycinfo database record objectives : the purpose of this study was to explore the pattern of mortality above the age of @number@ years.
in particular , we aimed to examine whether scandinavian data support the theory that mortality reaches a plateau at particularly old ages.
whether the maximum length of life increases with time was also investigated.
birth cohort-specific probabilities of dying were calculated.
exact ages were used for calculations of maximum length of life.
whether maximum age changed over time was analysed taking into account increases in cohort size.
the death risks seem to reach a plateau of around @percent@ at the age @number@ years for men and @number@ years for women.
conclusion : mortality amongst centenarians is not changing despite improvements at younger ages.
an extension of the maximum lifespan and a sizeable extension of life expectancy both require reductions in mortality above the age of @number@ years.
objectives : to determine how often outpatient physician visits detect sleep apnea ( sa ) in older persons in the united states.
design : retrospective analysis.
setting : us non hospital and hospital based clinics.
participants : us physicians.
results : from @number@ to @number@ physicians reported sa in @percent@ of all office visits in persons aged @number@ and older.
sa reported in visits increased from @number@ in @number@ to @number@ in @number@ with an annual per capita visit reporting rate of @percent@ to @percent@.
in older populations , the proportion of documented sa visits by specialists rose , and that of primary care providers decreased.
older adults with a diagnosis of sa had higher average number of comorbidities than those without sa ( @number@ vs @number@ ) .
reporting sa was low in visits with a diagnosis of dementia and classified as a preoperative visits.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade @number@ or worse ( cin2 + ) was detected in @number@ women ( @percent@ ) .
the respective values for e7-testing as a triage method to colposcopy ranged from @number@.0-100.0% , @number@.86-26.08% and @number@.83-5.93.
although the presence of low t has been identified , few studies have assessed the presence of androgen-deficient symptoms.
methods : a cross-sectional design compared @number@ long-distance runners exhibiting ehmc to @number@ non-active controls.
it is possible that inadequate energy intake is contributing to this condition.
aim : to examine the relationships between two epigenetic clocks , aging and exceptional longevity.
epigenetic age ( dnamage ) and age acceleration measures were calculated using the hannum and horvath epigenetic clocks.
results : across all cohorts , dnamage was correlated with chronological age.
mean sydney centenarian study hannum age acceleration was negative , while the converse was observed for the horvath model.
conclusion : long-lived individuals have a young epigenetic age compared with their chronological age.
we estimated the magnitude of confounding by lc for common risk factors and diseases.
results : aside from race and ages below @number@ years , none of the investigated factors had substantial impact on lc.
adjusted and unadjusted coefficients were virtually identical.
conclusion : confounding by lc might often be a minor issue.
adjudicated incident dementia cases were diagnosed according to international guidelines.
mixed cmbs were the strongest correlate for decline in memory and speed.
people with ≥3 cmbs , regardless of their locations , had a higher incidence of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia.
conclusions : mixed or a higher load of cmbs , with some specificity for location , is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older people.
these findings suggest a role for hypertensive vasculopathy and the combined effect of hypertensive and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the pathogenesis of cognitive deterioration.
the majority ( > 70% ) of all pad encounters occurred in the outpatient setting.
black women had the highest weighted mean age-standardized prevalence ( @percent@ ; @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
pad prevalence and incidence did not differ by sex alone.
conclusions : this study provides comprehensive estimates of pad in the inpatient and outpatient settings where the majority of pad burden was found.
pad is an important circulatory system disorder similar in prevalence to stroke and coronary heart disease.
background : the p300 is a major index used to evaluate improvements in brain function.
method : the study was conducted as a randomized double-blind test of @number@ subjects in their 50s , including @number@ males and @number@ females.
each subject received @number@ sessions of stimulation over a one-month period.
results : the results of a chi-square test indicated that the double-blind test was conducted correctly.
in the women , the amplitude significantly increased at fz , fcz , cz , cpz , and pz.
the date of registration was @date@ .
this article addresses some of the unique healthcare needs of the aging lgbt population with an emphasis on social concerns and healthcare disparities.
it provides additional curricular recommendations to aid in the progressive augmentation of medical school curricula.
abbreviations : liaison committee on medical education ( lcme ) ; lgbt : lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender.
there is growing evidence to suggest that aging is accompanied by enhancement in psychosocial well-being , despite age-related declines in physical and cognitive functioning.
tai chi has many benefits for middle-aged / older individuals including improvements to muscle strength and various body lipid components.
dheas and testosterone have anti-obesity / anti-aging characteristics and also improve libido , vitality and immunity levels.
unpaired t-tests were used to identify significant differences between the two groups.
there were no significant differences in body composition , leg strength , blood lipid components and testosterone.
dna-dependent protein kinase ( dna-pk ) , a central player in dna double-strand break ( dsb ) repair , shows emerging roles in metabolic regulation.
in this issue of cell metabolism , park et al.
( @number@ ) elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby dna-pk negatively regulates ampk , contributing to metabolic and fitness decline during aging.
central regulation of metabolic physiology is mediated critically through neuronal functions ; however , whether astrocytes are also essential remains unclear.
here we show that the high-order processes of astrocytes in the mediobasal hypothalamus displayed shortening in fasting and elongation in fed status.
chronic overnutrition and astrocytic ikkβ / nf-κb upregulation similarly impaired astrocytic plasticity , leading to sustained shortening of high-order processes.
appropriate inhibition in astrocytic ikkβ / nf-κb protected against chronic overnutrition impairing astrocytic plasticity and these physiological functions.
mechanistically , astrocytic regulation of hypothalamic extracellular gaba level and therefore bdnf expression were found partly accountable.
the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficiency of probiotics in treating constipation in elderly people.
the primary search terms were ' constipation ' and ' probiotics'.
results : of the @number@ articles consulted , @number@ met the inclusion criteria.
among the selected studies , there were four randomised and placebo-controlled trials and the remaining five reports were observational.
the strain of bacteria most commonly tested was bifidobacterium longum.
therefore , further placebo-controlled trials are necessary to determine the most efficient strains , doses , and the optimal treatment duration.
material and methods : a total of @number@ individuals of two samples , ranging from @number@ to @number@ years old , were analyzed.
sex of individuals was assessed for its influence in aging.
results : the use of tca to estimate ca was successful for most individuals.
sex did not influence such differences.
differences between ca and ba are due to intra-population variability , which could be the consequence of individual differences in aging.
more research is needed to have confidence that under- and overestimations of ba are indicators of aging variability at the level of the individual.
inhalation of molecular hydrogen ( h2 ) gas ameliorates oxidative stress-induced acute injuries in the brain.
consumption of water nearly saturated with h2 also prevents chronic neurodegenerative diseases including parkinson's disease in animal and clinical studies.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effect of a small amount of h2 remain unclear.
here , we investigated the effect of h2 on mitochondria in cultured human neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells.
pretreatment with h2 suppressed h2o2-induced cell death , whereas post-treatment did not.
we propose that h2 functions both as a radical scavenger and a mitohormetic effector against oxidative stress in cells.
this review provides a comprehensive summary of research on aging-associated alterations in lymphatic vessels and mast cells in perilymphatic tissues.
in addition , aging induces oxidative stress in lymphatic vessels and facilitates the spread of pathogens from these vessels into perilymphatic tissues.
aging causes the basal activation of perilymphatic mast cells , which , in turn , restricts recruitment / activation of immune cells in perilymphatic tissues.
cumulatively , these changes play important roles in the pathogenesis of alterations in inflammation and immunity associated with aging.
aim : this article attempts to describe the aging process of the vocal folds and the main features of the aged voice.
background : in the world ageing population era , aging diseases and aging disorders are crucial.
voice disorders ( presbyphonia ) are common in the elderly and have a significant impact on communication and quality of life.
discussion : the aging voice process is analyzed in detail from mechanical factors like pulmonary bellows alteration , to hormonal factors and life style.
this study describes attitudes to ageing among @number@ norwegian older adults living in the community who responded to the attitudes to ageing questionnaire.
they demonstrated the ability to incorporate age-related changes within their identities and at the same time maintain a positive view of self.
recent reports have shown the antidiabetic effect of moringa oleifera from various parts of the world.
however , m. oleifera from cambodia has never determined.
therefore , the aim of this study was to assess the antidiabetic effect of m. oleifera extract from cambodia.
db / db mice were orally administered the leaf extract ( @number@ mg / kg / day ) for @number@ weeks.
these results indicate the potential antidiabetic benefits of m. oleifera ethanolic leaf extract.
hippocampal sclerosis may also be comorbid with frontotemporal lobar degeneration , alzheimer disease , and lewy body disease.
until recently , the terms hippocampal sclerosis of aging or hippocampal sclerosis dementia were applied in this context.
conclusions : - in advanced old age , the substrates of cognitive impairment are often multifactorial.
background : psp is a neuropathologically defined disease entity.
objective : we aimed to provide an evidence- and consensus-based revision of the clinical diagnostic criteria for psp.
second , we generated retrospective standardized clinical data from patients with autopsy-confirmed psp and control diseases.
we identified four functional domains ( ocular motor dysfunction , postural instability , akinesia , and cognitive dysfunction ) as clinical predictors of psp.
within each of these domains , we propose three clinical features that contribute different levels of diagnostic certainty.
clinical clues and imaging findings represent supportive features.
palliative care consultation teams ( pccts ) provide input to other health-care providers working with patients who have life-limiting disease.
this study examines whether the diction and phrasing of consultation recommendations in the electronic health record influence their implementation.
we reviewed @number@ verbatim pcct recommendations that were made for @number@ unique patients in a veterans affairs hospital and available in the electronic health record.
each patient's subsequent treatment was followed in the medical record to determine whether pcct recommendations were implemented.
only @percent@ of the consultation recommendations were eventually implemented.
recommendations that included a conditional word or phrase were significantly less likely to be implemented.
in particular , recommendations that included the words \ "could \ " and \ "consider \ " were less likely to be implemented.
unfortunately , universally accepted endpoints for the evaluation of new drugs in severe infections are lacking.
methods : we review and discuss the current practices and challenges regarding endpoints in rcts in this field and propose novel approaches.
results : usual endpoints actually recommended for drug development suffer from important flaws.
mortality requires large sample size and only partly related to the infectious process.
clinical cure rate is highly subjective in critically ill patients where symptoms may be related to other intercurrent events.
examining a population's unique dna methylation pattern allows us to differentiate hallmarks of longevity from individual stochastic variation.
these differences may be characteristic of a combination of social , biological , and environmental contexts.
additionally , both site- and region-specific analyses revealed dna methylation patterns unique to nicoyans.
we also observed lower overall variability in dna methylation in the nicoyan population , another hallmark of younger biological age.
the risk model may aid in risk stratification and future hf prevention strategies.
increasing age compounds the poor prognosis of gbm , as elderly patients have markedly worse outcomes than younger patients.
design : correlations ; multiple regression models.
setting : general community.
participants : older adults ( n = 60 ) age > 70 years recruited from the community.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : muscle strength , balance control , and tug test performance time.
conclusions : our findings suggest that poor balance control is an important factor that contributes to longer stw and turning durations on the tug test.
furthermore , strength has a higher association with stw than turning duration.
the hallmark symptom of sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength without the loss of overall body weight.
sarcopenic patients are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality compared to healthy individuals.
currently there are no registered treatments for sarcopenia.
most sarcopenic individuals show signs of physical frailty , which leads to increases the prevalence of balance disorders , falls , fractures and pain.
therefore , is it essential to develop and use relevant animal models to further the research on sarcopenia therapy ?
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
we report the case of a 50-year-old man who presented with progressive gait ataxia.
brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery revealed a hyperintense lesion in the right temporal white matter.
the spinal cord showed a long hyperintense lesion between the vertebral levels c6 and l1 on t2-weighted mri.
syntactic priming , the phenomenon in which participants adopt the linguistic behaviour of their partner , is widely used in psycholinguistics to investigate syntactic operations.
our healthy control group did not show a priming tendency , presumably due to cognitive interference between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
we discuss the results in relation to amnesia , aging , and compensatory mechanisms.
despite the large number of studies and reviews available , the evidence regarding the behavioral determinants of pa is still inconclusive.
methods : a systematic online search was conducted on medline , isi web of science , scopus , and sportdiscus databases.
the search was limited to studies published in english from @date@ to @date@ .
slrs and meta-analyses ( mas ) of observational studies that investigated the behavioral determinants of pa were considered eligible.
the extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants , the strength of evidence , and the methodological quality.
the full protocol is available from prospero ( prospero 2014 : crd42015010616 ) .
results : seventeen reviews on @number@ behavioral determinants of pa were eligible for this umbrella slr.
regardless of age , the most investigated determinants were those related with ' screen use ' and ' smoking'.
for youth , probable positive evidence emerged for ' previous pa ' and ' independent mobility and active transport ' among children and adolescents.
for the adult population , ' transition to university ' and ' pregnancy / having a child ' showed probable negative associations.
alc disproportionately impacts people with cognitive impairment , and insight into the needs and experiences of this specific sub population and their carers is lacking.
methods : this is a qualitative descriptive study entailing @number@ semi-structured interviews with @number@ carers of patients with alc from three hospitals in northwestern ontario.
interviews were conducted between @date@ and @date@ .
two reviewers thematically analyzed the interview data.
conclusions : waiting for long-term care from the hospital is a stressful and uncertain time for family carers.
carers provide critical insight into the needs and behaviors of patients as well as processes that need to be improved to enhance their experience.
such insights will help health systems internationally as they grapple with the issue of alc whilst trying to optimize engagement with patients and their families.
bottle aging affected the sensory profiles of smoke-affected wines in different ways.
frailty is considered a state of high vulnerability for adverse health outcomes for people of the same age.
those who are frail have higher mortality , worse health outcomes , and use more health care services than those who are not frail.
in humans , frailty can be quantified using a frailty index ( fi ) based on the principle of deficit accumulation.
the recent development of an fi in naturally ageing mice provides an opportunity to conduct frailty research in a validated preclinical model.
the implementation of this tool into preclinical frailty research should greatly accelerate translational research in this important field.
pharmacological interventions are available but have limited effect to treat many of the syndrome's features.
less research has been directed towards non-pharmacological treatments.
in this review , we examined the evidence for effects of music-based interventions as a treatment.
on @date@ , we searched the major databases for new studies for future evaluation.
control groups either received usual care or other activities.
if necessary , we contacted trial authors to ask for additional data , including relevant subscales , or for other missing information.
we pooled data using random-effects models.
main results : we included @number@ studies.
sixteen studies with a total of @number@ participants contributed data to meta-analyses.
participants in the studies had dementia of varying degrees of severity , but all were resident in institutions.
five studies delivered an individual music intervention ; in the others , the intervention was delivered to groups of participants.
most interventions involved both active and receptive musical elements.
the methodological quality of the studies varied.
all were at high risk of performance bias and some were at high risk of detection or other bias.
the quality of the evidence on anxiety and social behaviour was very low , so effects were very uncertain.
the evidence for all long-term outcomes was also of very low quality.
there may also be little or no effect on emotional well-being or quality of life , overall behavioural problems and cognition.
we are uncertain about effects on anxiety or social behaviour , and about any long-term effects.
future studies should also examine the duration of effects in relation to the overall duration of treatment and the number of sessions.
background aims : mesenchymal stromal cells ( mscs ) are used as experimental immunotherapy.
extensive culture expansion is necessary to obtain clinically relevant cell numbers , although the impact on mscs stability and function is unclear.
this study investigated the effects of long-term in vitro expansion on the stability and function of mscs.
methods : human bone marrow-derived ( bmmscs ) and umbilical cord-derived ( ucmscs ) mscs were in vitro expanded.
during expansion , their proliferative capacity was examined.
at passages @number@ @number@ and @number@ analyses were performed to investigate the ploidy , metabolic stability , telomere length and immunophenotype.
in addition , their potential to suppress lymphocyte proliferation and susceptibility to natural killer cell lysis was examined.
results : bmmscs and ucmscs showed decreasing proliferative capacity over time , while their telomere lengths and mitochondrial activity remained stable.
percentage of aneuploidy in cultures was unchanged after expansion.
furthermore , expression of msc markers and markers associated with stress or aging remained unchanged.
reduced capacity to suppress cd4 and cd8 t-cell proliferation was observed for passage @number@ and @number@ bmmscs and ucmscs.
finally , susceptibility of bmmscs and ucmscs to nk-cell lysis remained stable.
however , immunosuppressive properties of mscs are reduced.
objectives : intraindividual variability ( iiv ) in reaction time refers to the trial-to-trial fluctuations in responding across a given cognitive task.
cross-sectional research suggests that iiv increases with normal and neuropathological ageing and it may serve as a marker of neurobiological integrity.
this raises the possibility that iiv may also predict future cognitive decline and , indeed , neuropathology.
therefore , we conducted a systematic review to address these issues.
results : a total of @number@ studies were initially identified of which @number@ met the inclusion criteria.
nine included longitudinal iiv measures and @number@ predicted subsequent outcome ( cognitive decline or impairment , dementia , mortality ) from baseline iiv.
the results suggested iiv increased over time , particularly in participants aged over @number@ years.
greater baseline iiv was consistently associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes including cognitive decline or impairment , and mortality.
conclusions : increased iiv over time is associated with normal ageing.
however , further increases in iiv over and above those found in normal ageing may be a risk factor for future cognitive impairment or mortality.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 431-445 ) .
none : studies have investigated the potential protective effects that diet may have on late-life depression incidence.
this disorder can , however , affect the person's food intake , widely known as the reverse causality hypothesis of depression.
regulated cell death pathways have important functions in host defense and tissue homeostasis.
studies in genetic mouse models provided evidence that cell death could cause inflammation in different tissues.
inhibition of ripk3-mlkl-dependent necroptosis by fadd and caspase-8 was identified as a key mechanism preventing inflammation in epithelial barriers.
moreover , the interplay between ikk / nf-κb and ripk1 signaling was recognized as a critical determinant of tissue homeostasis and inflammation.
in addition , ripk1 was shown to exhibit kinase activity-independent functions that are essential for preventing cell death , maintaining tissue architecture and inhibiting inflammation.
in the intestine , ripk1 acts as a scaffold to prevent epithelial cell apoptosis and preserve tissue integrity.
in the skin , ripk1 functions via its rhim to counteract zbp1 / dai-dependent activation of ripk3-mlkl-dependent necroptosis and inflammation.
the extracellular matrix of the dermis is a complex , dynamic system with the various dermal components undergoing individual physiologic changes as we age.
depression and chronic pain are highly prevalent in elderly populations.
it is estimated that @percent@ of the elderly population will suffer simultaneously from the two conditions.
accumulating evidence suggests than neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both depression and chronic pain.
apart from the common pathophysiological mechanisms , however , the two entities have several clinical links.
the biochemical properties of the signal-induced multifunctional transcription factor ii-i ( tfii-i ) indicate that it is involved in a variety of gene regulatory processes.
i expect that a better understanding of these ' structure-function ' relationships would lead to future diagnostic and / or therapeutic potential.
acupuncture is one of the main healing arts in oriental medicine.
hence , acupuncture may act as a stimulator activating peripheral nerves at specific acupoints and inducing the expression of various ntfs in the brain.
acupuncture may offer an alternative treatment that promotes adult neurogenesis through the expression of ntfs in the brain.
it may also have synergistic effects when combined with pharmacological interventions , again facilitating neurogenesis.
well-defined 24-hour plasma melatonin rhythms were observed in all the males but only the old animals showed significant attenuation of night-time melatonin levels.
if anything , there was a trend for the cr to decrease melatonin levels in the young adult females.
alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease of western societies , suggesting the need for early diagnosis , even in preclinical stages.
the results revealed longer latencies of both mismatch negativity and p300 and slower and far less accurate responses as neurodegeneration progressed.
design : prospective observational study.
participants : one hundred fifty-five glaucoma patients and @number@ healthy controls.
two neuroretinal parameters , minimum rim width and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness , in addition to peripapillary choroidal thickness were measured.
factors related to laminar depth were determined with mixed-effects modeling.
cutoffs for significant change in each parameter were estimated from variability in healthy controls over @number@ year.
the occurrences of significant change in laminar depth and neuroretinal parameters were compared with survival models.
main outcome measures : longitudinal changes in laminar depth and neuroretinal parameters.
results : glaucoma patients were followed up for a mean of @number@ years ( range , @number@ @date@ years ) .
posterior movement of the lamina ( ld-bm increase or ld-as increase ) occurred with the same frequencies as thinning in neuroretinal parameters.
conclusions : lamina cribrosa depth should be measured from an anterior sclera reference plane to reduce the influence of choroidal thickness changes.
in glaucoma patients , lamina cribrosa depth changes are detected with similar frequency as neuroretinal parameter changes.
background : frank's sign was first described in @number@ by an american physician ( sonders t. frank ) .
frank's sign was described as a predictor of future coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular diseases.
the aim of the study was to examine the association between frank's sign and the development of ischemic stroke.
methods : this was a prospective study that enrolled consecutive patients admitted with an acute ischemic stroke.
frank's sign was tested in both ears.
clinical data included age , gender , type @number@ diabetes mellitus , and hypertension.
the study was approved by the institutional review board ( the institutional ethics committee ) .
frank's sign was present in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
patients were divided according to clinical findings and the findings from brain computed tomography.
discussion : frank's sign could predict ischemic cerebrovascular events.
patients with classical cardiovascular risk factors had frank's sign at a higher frequency.
sleep state development in preterm neonates can provide crucial information regarding functional brain maturation and give insight into neurological well being.
however , visual labeling of sleep stages from eeg requires expertise and is very time consuming , prompting the need for an automated procedure.
our algorithm , cluster-based adaptive sleep staging ( class ) , detects qs if it remains relatively more discontinuous than non-qs over pma.
class qs trends agreed with those from visual qs , with both showing stronger correlations than nonstate specific trends.
this highlights the benefit of automated qs detection for exploring brain maturation.
the number of people with dementia internationally is increasing.
older adults with dementia are prescribed multiple medications , both to treat dementia symptoms and to manage their other medical conditions.
the evidence is presented via the four primary pharmacokinetic processes ( absorption , distribution , metabolism and elimination ) .
additionally , distribution into the brain , sex considerations and potential pharmacodynamic alterations in older people with dementia are discussed.
there are a number of limitations to the research and there are still significant gaps in knowledge in this field.
interference with flt3itd signaling is therefore pursued as a promising therapeutic strategy.
this effect is mediated in part by arresting flt3itd in an underglycosylated state and thereby attenuating flt3itd-driven akt and erk signaling.
perk inhibition with a small molecule attenuated chop induction and partially rescued cells from apoptosis.
scrib is a membrane protein that is involved in the maintenance of apical-basal cell polarity of the epithelial tissues.
however , scrib has also been shown to be mislocalized to the cytoplasm in breast and prostate cancer.
we demonstrate that scrib overexpression suppresses the growth of hcc cells in vitro , and scrib deficiency enhances liver tumor growth in vivo.
frontotemporal dementia is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with around a third of cases having autosomal dominant inheritance.
there is wide variability in phenotype even within affected families , raising questions about the determinants of the progression of disease and age at onset.
it has been recently demonstrated that cognitive reserve , as measured by years of formal schooling , can counteract the ongoing pathological process.
the tmem106b genotype has also been found to be a modifier of the age at disease onset in frontotemporal dementia patients with tdp-43 pathology.
two hundred and thirty-one participants from the genfi study were included : @number@ presymptomatic mapt , grn , and c9orf72 mutation carriers and @number@ non-carriers.
for each subject , cortical and subcortical grey matter volumes were generated using a parcellation of the volumetric t1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain scan.
tmem106b genotyping was carried out , and years of education recorded.
the presence of a mutation was associated with a lower grey matter volume ( p = @number@ ) , even in presymptomatic subjects.
education directly affected grey matter volume in all the samples ( p = @number@ ) with lower education attainment being associated with lower volumes.
high-throughput techniques allow high-resolution , genome-wide investigation of genetic variants , epigenetic modifications , and associated gene expression profiles.
platforms such as proteomics and metabolomics ( not described here in detail ) also offer simultaneous readouts of hundreds of proteins and metabolites.
isolated omics analyses usually provide big data requiring large data storage , advanced computational resources and complex bioinformatics tools.
non-coding dna variants are suspected to account for a substantial part of undiscovered causes of rare diseases.
here we identified mutations located deep in introns of polr3a to be a frequent cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebellar ataxia.
these hyperintensities may represent the structural correlate to the cerebellar symptoms observed in these patients.
blood samples were collected in 1989-1990 ( nurses ' health study ) and 2000-2002 ( esther ) .
ltl was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
we calculated z scores for ltl to standardize ltl measurements across the cohorts.
cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate relative mortality according to continuous levels and quintiles of ltl z scores.
the hazard ratios obtained from each cohort were subsequently pooled by meta-analysis.
overall , @number@ deaths were recorded during follow-up ( nurses ' health study , 1989-2010 ; esther , 2000-2015 ) .
ltl was inversely associated with age in both cohorts.
after adjustment for age , a significant inverse trend of ltl with all-cause mortality was observed in both cohorts.
the population focused on this study were healthy older people who participated in randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-based training.
the outcomes including change in overall cognitive function , memory , attention , executive function , and visual-spatial ability.
conclusions : cognitive-based training is effective for the healthy older people.
purpose of review : due to medical advances and an aging population , the number of cancer survivors continues to rise.
summary : im therapies are appealing to and utilized by many cancer survivors and may reduce symptom burden.
clinicians who provide cancer survivorship care may improve patient care by understanding the evidence for and against their use.
data describing bipolar disorder in older adults people are scarce , particularly with regard to functional status.
this observational , comparative study assessed psychosocial functioning in @number@ euthymic older adults with bipolar disorder compared with @number@ healthy controls.
in addition , we evaluated the association between clinical variables and poor functioning in the patient group.
the mean age of the group was @number@ years.
the largest variation was observed in overall functioning ( cohen's d = @number@ ) .
the number of previous hospitalizations was strongly associated with poor overall functioning ( f = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
older patients with bipolar disorder had a greater functional impairment than the healthy control group.
implementation of novel rehabilitation models is critical to help patients manage their illness.
however , the factors contributing to these differences are not well understood.
physical health factors were found to play a major role for well-being decline , but in interaction with psychosocial characteristics such as social participation.
to illustrate , for people with low social participation , disability emerged as the strongest correlate of differences in late-life well-being trajectories.
( psycinfo database record
introduction : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a primary and progressive neurodegenerative disorder , which is marked by cognitive deterioration and memory impairment.
atrophy of hippocampus and other basal brain regions is one of the most predominant structural imaging findings related to ad.
most studies have evaluated the pre-clinical and initial stages of ad through clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging.
structural biomarkers for advanced ad stages have not been evaluated yet , being considered only hypothetically.
objective : to evaluate the brain morphometry of ad patients at all disease stages , identifying the structural neuro-degeneration profile associated with ad severity.
age paired healthy volunteers ( n = @number@ ) were also recruited ( control group ) .
brain images were acquired on a 3t magnetic resonance scanner using a conventional gradient eco 3d t1-w sequence without contrast injection.
volumetric quantitative data and cortical thickness were obtained by automatic segmentation using the freesurfer software.
volume of each brain region was normalized by the whole brain volume in order to minimize age and body size effects.
volume and cortical thickness variations among groups were compared.
cortical thickness was reduced only in the parahippocampal gyrus at all disease stages.
in addition , individuals , specifically , with cdr @number@ have multiple regions with lower volumes than individuals with a cdr @number@
these findings can add important information to the more accepted model in the literature that focuses mainly on early stages.
our findings allow a better understanding on the ad pathophysiologic process and follow-up process of drug treatment even at advanced disease stages.
objective : older people with reduced respiratory muscle strength may be misclassified as having copd on the basis of spirometric results.
we aimed to evaluate the relationship between lung function and grip strength in older hospitalized patients without known airways disease.
conversely , patients with weaker grip strength had lower pefr and svc.
these patients may be misclassified as having copd on the basis of spirometric results.
toward this objective , we performed a literature search in pubmed and ovid with limits to articles published in the english language before @date@ .
we describe the clinical utility of 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( fdg-pet ) / ct scanning for diagnosing neuro-myelomatosis.
case report a 63-year-old woman whose chief complaints were right shoulder and upper extremity pain underwent mri and 18f-fdg pet / ct scan.
mri revealed a non-specific brachial plexus tumor.
conclusions this is the first reported case of neuro-myelomatosis of the brachial plexus.
it highlights the utility of the 18f-fdg pet / ct scan as a valuable diagnostic modality.
the super-aging society in japan is currently experiencing growing demand for treatments that improve health and longevity.
recently , attempts have been made to use numerous foods and natural products to prevent or treat diseases based on scientific evidence.
multicomponent foods and natural ingredients have diverse effects produced by the actions of individual components as well as the interactions among different components.
the influence of intestinal bacteria and other factors is also critical.
in our study , the administration of goishi tea and flos lonicerae in animal models of disease demonstrated high functionality.
substance use disorders ( sud ) , including alcohol and tobacco , have been associated with chronic , infectious diseases , and mental health disorders.
this study investigated associations between sud and health problems in a prison population ( men and women ) .
we included @number@ offenders , of whom @percent@ were aging.
controlling for sud , cardiovascular disease emerged as the most significant and frequently associated health problem for aging offenders.
results suggest a need to focus on the health of aging offenders with a history of sud , particularly african americans.
sirt5 is a lysine desuccinylase known to regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and the urea cycle.
here , sirt5 was observed to bind to cardiolipin via an amphipathic helix on its n terminus.
previous studies in older adults have identified that chronic low back pain ( clbp ) is associated with slower gait speed.
spatiotemporal characteristics of gait were evaluated using a computerized walkway in @number@ community-dwelling older adults with clbp and @number@ age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
older adults with clbp walked slower than their pain-free peers during self-selected and fast walking.
after controlling for body mass index and gait speed , step width was significantly greater in the clbp group during the fast walking condition.
within the clbp group , step width and double limb support time are significantly correlated with stair ascent / descent times.
chemotherapy and artificial nutrition during the final weeks of life were considered as primary outcomes.
results : a total of @number@ patients with oesophageal cancer and @number@ patients with gastric cancer were included.
this raises important questions , as clinical guidelines clearly recommend to limit the use of artificial nutrition in contexts of limited life expectancy.
objective : this study aimed to determine the sociodemographic and health factors that influence older adults who continue to participate in the workforce.
a multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed.
conclusion : our results highlight that work in later life is influenced by sociodemographic characteristics , intrinsic capacity , and multimorbidity.
we suggest that strategies for optimizing healthy and active aging may help older people to continue participating in the workforce and contributing toward their communities.
oxidative stress is a key mechanism of the aging process that can cause damage to brain white matter and cognitive functions.
results revealed higher radial diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiation among sod2 cc genotypes compared to ct / tt genotypes.
further , the cc genotype moderated the relationship between the hippocampal cingulum and processing speed , though this did not survive multiple test correction.
the cat polymorphism was not associated with brain outcomes in this cohort.
these results suggest that the cc genotype of sod2 is an important genetic marker of suboptimal brain aging in healthy individuals.
purpose : social isolation is associated with suicidal ideation ( si ) and self-harm ( sh ) among adolescents.
however , the association between preference for solitude ( pfs ) , si , and sh is unknown.
the prevalence of adolescents who have both of pfs and social isolation and the risks for si and sh among them are also unknown.
associations between pfs , si , and sh were examined by logistic regression analysis.
the interactions between pfs and social isolation on si and sh were also investigated.
the odds of si and sh were examined for groups defined by presence of pfs and social isolation.
results : responses from @number@ students ( @percent@ of relevant classes ) were available.
there was no interaction between pfs and social isolation on si and sh.
conclusions : pfs was associated with increased odds of si and sh in adolescents.
parents and professionals should pay attention to suicide risk in adolescents with pfs.
a study on familial parkinson disease ( pd ) described @number@ variants in the gene tmem230 ( chr.
20p13 ) as the cause of pd.
the aim of this study was to test if variants in the tmem230 gene are associated with pd in @number@ independent american european data sets.
no variants in the tmem230 region were found associated with pd , age at onset , or cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein levels.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is increasingly considered as a disconnection syndrome.
we studied @number@ subjects from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative database ( @number@ mci and @number@ cognitively normal subjects ) .
these network alterations in mci a + n + are stronger and more focal than those of mci a-n + .
only mci a + n + subjects exhibited specific changes in hippocampal connectivity and an ad-like alteration pattern.
our results indicate that the connectome disintegration pattern of mci subgroups differ with respect to brain amyloid and neurodegeneration.
each of these @number@ ad biomarkers induces a connectome alteration that is maximal when they coexist.
we found t-bet expressed in unstimulated memory more than naïve b cells , and more in young individuals.
tlr7 stimulation up-regulated t-bet in all b cell subsets from young and elderly individuals , and more in the elderly.
we also evaluated cd11c expression , as t-bet + cd11c + b cells are expanded in healthy elderly individuals and also in patients with autoimmunity.
after tlr7 stimulation , cd11c increases in all b cell subsets ( especially in naïve and igm ) from the elderly.
however , whether the mortality benefit persists in elderly patients is not clear.
methods : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were retrospectively analyzed.
we compared the mortality rates between the triple and dual antiplatelet therapy groups.
in the young and elderly groups , @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were treated with triple antiplatelet therapy.
during a 1-year follow-up period , @number@ patients died ( @percent@ in the young group vs. @percent@ in the elderly group ) .
conclusions : triple antiplatelet therapy might be a better antiplatelet regimen than dual antiplatelet therapy for patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
under prescribed dosing conditions , either alone or in combination therapy , efavirenz-induced cns disturbances are frequently reported.
these important splicing regulators have been implicated in age-related disease , and in the ageing process itself.
this review will outline the important contribution of splicing regulator proteins to ageing and age-related disease.
the ability to remember associations between previously unrelated pieces of information is often impaired in older adults ( naveh-benjamin , @number@ ) .
while unitization of verbal materials improves associative memory in older adults , less is known about the impact of visual integration.
also contrary to expectations , visual integration resulted in increased hippocampal activation in both age groups , along with increases in prc and phc activation.
dichotomising these biomarkers as normal or abnormal results in eight possible profiles.
we determined the clinical characteristics and prevalence of each atn profile in cognitively unimpaired individuals aged @number@ years and older.
white matter hyperintensity volume ( p < 0·0001 ) and cognitive performance ( p < 0·0001 ) also differed by atn group.
from age @number@ years , a-t-n- prevalence declined and a + t + n + and a-t + n + prevalence increased.
in both men and women , a-t-n- was the most prevalent until age late 70s.
after about age @number@ years , a + t + n + was most prevalent.
by age @number@ years , more than @percent@ of men and women had one or more biomarker abnormalities.
both amyloid- dependent and amyloid-independent pathological profiles can be identified in the cognitively unimpaired population.
the prevalence of each atn group changed substantially with age , with progression towards more biomarker abnormalities among individuals who remained cognitively unimpaired.
causes for age-related retinal diseases are numerous and complex , and they are intertwined with the natural vision decline that accompanies aging.
the mechanism behind the antioxidant activity of prolactin remains elusive.
this paper reviews the evidence with regard to the specific challenges encountered by older nurses in the workplace.
a total of @number@ papers were included in this review , most of which were qualitative ( n = 14 ) .
three quantitative studies were identified ( including one study which combined a physical exam with survey methods ) as well as three mixed method studies.
therefore @number@ normal-hearing participants ( @number@ young , ø @number@.8years ; @number@ older ø @number@.8years ) were tested.
the spatial reproduction of stimuli was provided by headphones using of an artificial head.
spoken number words of two speakers were presented simultaneously to participants from two out of eight locations on the horizontal plane.
results showed significantly higher reaction times and error rates for older participants.
the relative influence of the spatial switch of the target-speaker ( switch or repetition of speaker's direction in space ) was identical across age groups.
the decline in functional capacity is unavoidable consequence of the process of aging.
here we present simple , accurate and cost-efficient techniques for estimation of human biological age , male and female arterial indices.
we started with developing a model which accurately predicts chronological age.
using machine learning , we arrived on a set of four predictors , all of which reflect the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
retinal ganglion cell ( rgc ) differentiation demonstrates increased cell death in lhon-rgcs and can be rescued in cybrid corrected rgcs.
however , its clinical significance and biological function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( npc ) remain unknown up to now.
up-regulation of bmp2 was first observed in npc cell lines by a genome-wide transcriptome analysis in our previous study.
in this study , bmp2 mrna was detected by qrt-pcr and data showed that it was upregulated in npc compared with non-cancerous nasopharynx samples.
moreover , overexpression of bmp2 in npc cells promoted cell proliferation , migration , invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) .
mechanistically , bmp2 overexpression increase phosphorylated protein level of mtor , s6k and 4ebp1.
correspondingly , mtorc1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked the effect of bmp2 on npc cell proliferation and invasion.
in conclusion , our results suggest that bmp2 overexpression in npc enhances proliferation , invasion and emt of tumor cells through the mtorc1 signaling pathway.
senescent cells are present in premalignant lesions and sites of tissue damage and accumulate in tissues with age.
here , we present a new way to precisely quantify and identify senescent cells in tissues on a single-cell basis.
the method combines a senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay with staining of molecular markers for cellular senescence and of cellular identity.
our approach also yielded the finding that senescent cells in tissues of aged mice are larger than nonsenescent cells.
purpose of review : childhood cancer survivors experience excessive weight gain early in treatment.
lifestyle interventions need to be initiated early in cancer care to prevent the early onset of obesity and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
we reviewed the existing literature on early lifestyle interventions in childhood cancer survivors and consider implications for clinical care.
recent findings : few lifestyle interventions focus on improving nutrition in childhood cancer survivors.
future lifestyle interventions should be of a longer duration and include a nutrition component.
interventions with a longer duration and follow-up are needed to assess the timing and sustainability of the intervention effect.
lifestyle interventions introduced early in cancer care are both safe and feasible.
rationale : cellular senescence is observed in the lungs of patients with copd and may contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
methods : the plasma levels of gdf11 were investigated in two separate cohorts by western blotting.
the localisation and expression of gdf11 in the lungs were investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription pcr , respectively.
results : the levels of plasma gdf11 in the copd group were decreased compared with the control groups in the two independent cohorts.
the levels of plasma gdf11 were significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function data.
the mrna expression of gdf11 in mesenchymal cells from the copd group was decreased.
chronic exposure to cse decreased the production of gdf11.
treatment with gdf11 significantly inhibited cse-induced cellular senescence and upregulation of inflammatory mediators , partly through smad2 / 3 signalling in vitro.
daily gdf11 treatment attenuated cellular senescence and airspace enlargement in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema.
conclusions : the decrease in gdf11 may be involved in the cellular senescence observed in copd.
in this review , these observations are re-evaluated in light of contemporary evidence.
design : cross-sectional ; secondary analyses of the eastern townships population health survey.
setting : community.
interventions : not applicable.
a social participation scale measured frequency of participation in @number@ community activities.
a 4-point likert scale ranging from \ "very strong \ " to \ "very weak \ " estimated sense of belonging to the local community.
social participation and sense of belonging questions came from statistics canada surveys.
resilience was assessed with the 10-item connor-davidson resilience scale , capturing the ability to cope with adversity.
interventions targeting social participation should consider the potential impact of resilience on improving community belonging.
future studies should investigate why resilience moderates associations between community belonging and social participation , and how to enhance resilience among older adults.
background : sleep is crucial for cognition , particularly for memory , given its complex association with neurodegenerative processes.
methods : data from @number@ participants free of sleep medication were included.
sleep quality was estimated by using the sleep scale from the medical outcomes study.
an extensive neuropsychological assessment examining memory was administered to each participant.
age , sex , education , and body mass index were included as covariates.
we then conducted further analyses on the non-demented , non-mci group , initially stratified by apolipoprotein e-ε4 gene.
we further examined the role of co-morbidities , as well as the association between sleep duration groups and memory.
we also explored any interaction effect between sex and sleep quality / duration on memory.
we then examined the associations between components of sleep measures and memory scores.
lastly , we examined the associations between sleep quality / duration and verbal / non-verbal memory separately.
the results remained significant even after controlling for the co-morbidities , as well as after adding in the model anxiety and depression as covariates.
associations between sleep quality and memory , and sleep duration and memory were present in the apoe-ε4 non-carriers.
sleep duration was associated with both verbal and non-verbal memory , while sleep quality was only associated with verbal memory.
other parameters than sleep and memory measurements could play an important role on the association.
levels of melatonin , or circadian rhythms dysregulation might play a crucial role in the above associations.
objectives : in this essay , we map out key driving forces that will shape environmental epidemiology in the next 25years.
we also identify how the field should adapt to best take advantage of coming opportunities and prepare for challenges.
rapidly evolving technologies , particularly in sensors and omics , will present opportunities for the field.
how should it respond ?
conclusions : environmental epidemiology informing disease prevention will continue to be valuable.
however , the field must adapt to remain relevant.
in particular , the field must ensure that public health importance drives research questions , while seizing the opportunities presented by new technologies.
demography , education , and mini-mental state evaluation score were not different between the patient groups.
individual alpha frequency peak ( iaf ) determined the delta , theta , alpha @number@ alpha @number@ and alpha @number@ frequency bands.
compared to nold , iaf showed marked slowing in pdd and dlb and moderate slowing in add.
furthermore , all patient groups showed lower posterior alpha @number@ source activities.
this effect was dramatic in add , marked in dlb , and moderate in pdd.
future prospective cross-validation studies should test these rseeg markers for clinical applications and drug discovery.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal , neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurones and progressive muscle wasting.
a number of differentially expressed mirnas were identified in each set of patient comparisons.
validation in an additional patient cohort showed that mir-206 and mir-143-3p were increased and mir-374b-5p was decreased compared to controls.
a continued change in mirna expression persisted during disease progression indicating the potential use of these particular mirnas as longitudinal biomarkers in als.
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins were used by , respectively , @percent@ and @percent@ of all individuals during their final month of life.
clinical guidelines are needed to support physicians in their decision to continue or discontinue medications near the end of life.
however , the continued presence of autophagy is essential for cell survival and dysfunctional autophagy is thought to speed up the progression of neurodegeneration.
the actual molecular mechanism behind the progression of dysfunctional autophagy is not yet fully understood.
emerging evidence suggests that basal autophagy is necessary for the removal of misfolded , aggregated proteins and damaged cellular organelles through lysosomal mediated degradation.
[ bmb reports @number@ 50 ( @number@ ) : 345-354 ] .
background : fungi can cause a variety of infectious diseases , including invasive mycosis and non-invasive mycosis , as well as allergic diseases.
the different forms of mycosis usually have been described as mutually exclusive , independent entities , with few descriptions of overlapping cases.
here , we describe the first reported case of a patient with the complication of pulmonary eosinophilia in the course of invasive mucormycosis.
case presentation : a 74-year-old japanese man with asthma-copd overlap underwent emergency surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
the surgery was successful , but fever and worsening dyspnea appeared and continued from postoperative day ( pod ) @number@
a complete blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and eosinophilia , and the chest x-ray showed consolidation of the left upper lung at pod @number@
we suspected nosocomial pneumonia together with an exacerbation of the asthma-copd overlap , and both antibiotics and bronchodilator therapy were initiated.
however , the symptoms , eosinophilia and imaging findings deteriorated.
however , the fungal culture examination of the bal fluid revealed mucormycetes , which were later identified as cunninghamella bertholletiae by pcr and dna sequencing.
we then switched the antifungal agent to liposomal amphotericin b for the treatment of the pulmonary mucormycosis at pod @number@
despite replacing voriconazole with liposomal amphotericin b , the patient developed septic shock and died at pod @number@
conclusions : we describe the first reported case of pulmonary mucormycosis with pulmonary eosinophilia caused by cunninghamella bertholletiae , which resulted in disseminated mucormycosis.
background : delirium is common , affecting at least @percent@ of older hospital inpatients.
it is widely accepted that delirium is associated with dementia but the degree of causation within this relationship is unclear.
previous studies have been limited by incomplete ascertainment of baseline cognition or a lack of prospective delirium assessments.
a well-designed , observational study could also answer fundamental questions of major importance to patients and their families regarding outcomes after delirium.
at the point of presentation , baseline characteristics along with a number of disease relevant clinical parameters will be recorded.
the progression / resolution of delirium will be monitored.
in those with and without delirium , cognitive decline and dementia will be assessed at one year follow-up.
we will evaluate the effect of delirium on cognitive function over time along with the predictive value of clinical parameters.
discussion : this study will be the first to prospectively elucidate the size of the effect of delirium upon cognitive decline and incident dementia.
the results will be used to inform future dementia prevention trials that focus on delirium intervention.
older adults exhibit increased gait variability that is associated with fall history and predicts future falls.
it is not known to what extent this increased variability results from increased physiological noise versus a decreased ability to regulate walking movements.
however , there is inconsistent information with respect to selenium levels in the alzheimer's disease brain.
we examined the concentration and cellular compartmentalization of selenium in the temporal cortex of alzheimer's disease and control brain tissue.
the presence of the apoe ε4 allele correlated with lower total selenium levels in the temporal cortex and a higher concentration of soluble selenium.
additionally , we found that age significantly contributed to lower selenium concentrations in the peripheral membrane-bound and vesicular fractions.
persistent infections with cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) differentially affect the host immune phenotype in middle-aged males and females.
sex and cmv independently impacted on multiple b-cell and t-cell subsets.
however , there was no significant effect of their interaction.
importantly , the effects of sex and cmv were in part explained by age and infection with other herpesviruses.
ischaemic heart disease and the heart failure that often results , remain the leading causes of death and disability in europe and worldwide.
availability and implementation : fastmitocalc is available at @url@
contact : @email@
supplementary information : supplementary data are available at bioinformatics online.
we examined potential risk factors for changes in objectively assessed sleep duration within a large sample of community-dwelling older men.
peripheral vascular disease and iadl impairment , but not chronological age , may be involved in the etiology of short sleep duration in older men.
the risk factors for long-duration sleep suggest that deteriorating brain health predicts elongated sleep duration in older men.
background : there is a paucity of adequate and validated instruments for the measurement of successful aging for geriatric researchers in chile.
aim : to validate the “successful aging inventory” ( sai ) in chilean older people.
results : a cronbach alfa of @number@ was obtained for the general dimension of successful aging.
confirmatory factorial analysis showed that the original inventory model , fits with the data collected from chilean people.
conclusions : successful aging inventory ( sai ) is a reliable and adequate inventory , which can be used in chilean older people.
the active secretion of tau could be a physiological response of neurons to increased intracellular amounts of tau during the progression of tau pathology.
we looked for potential differences in the serum levels of toxic tau oligomers in regards to cognitive impairment of subjects.
these results could suggest that clearance of extracellular tau proteins takes place , in part , in the periphery.
together with axons , myelin is a prerequisite for the higher functions of the central nervous system and complex forms of network integration.
myelin impairments have been suggested to lead to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline.
accumulating evidence , including brain imaging and postmortem and genetic association studies , has implicated myelin impairments in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
increasing data link myelin impairments with amyloid-β ( aβ ) plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation , which are both present in patients with ad.
moreover , aging and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) may be involved in the myelin impairments observed in patients with ad.
decreased neuronal activity , increased aβ levels , and inflammation further damage myelin in patients with ad.
furthermore , treatments that promote myelination contribute to the recovery of neuronal function and improve cognition.
therefore , strategies targeting myelin impairment may provide therapeutic opportunities for patients with ad.
within neuropsychology , the term dispersion refers to the degree of variation in performance between different cognitive domains for an individual.
the isd failed to show an acceptable level of diagnostic accuracy for mci ( auc = @number@ ) .
these findings suggest that increased cognitive dispersion is related to nft pathology where age significantly affects this association.
background : recently , the lifestyle for brain health ( libra ) index was developed to assess an individual's prevention potential for dementia.
objective : we investigated the predictive validity of the libra index for incident dementia in midlife , late life , and the oldest-old.
methods : @number@ non-demented individuals were recruited from the european population-based descripa study.
cox regression was used to test the predictive validity of libra for dementia at follow-up ( mean @number@ y , range 1-16 ) .
individuals in the intermediate- and high-risk groups had a higher risk of dementia than those in the low-risk group.
in the oldest-old ( 80-97 y , n = @number@ ) , higher libra scores did not increase the risk for dementia.
background : spinal cord injury ( sci ) has a negative impact on quality of life and healthcare costs.
in recent years with the age pyramid inversion , there has been a high prevalence of sci in the elderly.
these patients must be studied in order to invest in the prevention and treatment of sci in these patients.
objective : to identify the characteristics and clinical aspects of spinal cord injury ( sci ) in the elderly.
methods : retrospective study of elderly patients ( ≥ @number@ years of age ) with a clinical diagnosis of sci.
clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected from medical records.
results : sixty-two elderly patients were studied ( @percent@ men ) .
the patients were analyzed according to gender.
women presented compression fractures associated with thoracolumbar transition , while men presented with listhesis associated with cervical lesions and increased complications.
it was found that the need for surgical intervention was higher in men.
after sci , the elderly have a higher risk for late hemodynamic instability.
conclusion : elderly individuals with sci have distinct characteristics and clinical factors related to gender and age.
among the complex determinants of aging , mitochondrial dysfunction has been in the spotlight for a long time.
as the hub for many cellular functions , the maintenance of an adequate pool of functional mitochondria is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
their unique role in energy supply makes these organelles essential , especially in those tissues strictly dependent on oxidative metabolism.
dysfunctional mqc , oxidative stress and inflammation are hallmarks of senescence and chronic degenerative diseases.
one of the consequences of age-related failing mqc and oxidative stress is the release of mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns ( damps ) .
through their bacterial ancestry , these molecules contribute to mounting an inflammatory response by interacting with receptors similar to those involved in pathogen-associated responses.
here , we review the contribution of mitochondrial damps to inflammation and discuss some of the mechanisms at the basis of their generation.
conclusions : idiet participants had clinically impactful mean wl.
the observed high mean wl in worksites and videoconference-delivered programs broadens options for scalable wl program implementation.
skin tears have been reported to have prevalence rates equal to , or greater than , those for pressure ulcers.
a recognised classification system should be used to identify and document skin tears and guide treatment decisions in line with local wound management protocols.
nurses and carers are in a prime position to prevent , assess and manage skin tears.
the anorexia of aging was first recognized as a physiological syndrome @number@ years ago.
this results in an increase in the anorexia due to cachexia in older persons.
in addition , factors associated with poor response to treatment at @number@ months , despite normalization of objective measures , were examined.
a total of @number@ newly diagnosed ra patients were included.
the european league against rheumatism ( eular ) response was assessed after @number@ months of treatment.
younger age , a lower das28 score , and a lower das28-p score at baseline were related to a good eular response.
subjects who failed to respond because of subjective measures tended to have higher das28-p scores at baseline.
@number@ participants have been recruited by stratified random sampling according to gender and departments.
work ability was assessed through the workability index.
results : mental and physical loads were heavily perceived in shift healthcare workers ( p = 0.01 ; p = 0.02 ) .
the maximum grip force was stronger in rotating shift work nurses ( p = 0.0001 ) .
regarding to the seniority subgroups in each kind of work schedule , the body mass index was increasing with seniority in both schedules.
all the physical tests , were better in less-than-ten-year groups.
peak flow and grip strength were significantly better in less-than-ten-year seniority in shift work group.
introduction : the study aimed to determine the effect of group exercise frequency on health related quality of life in institutionalized elderly.
additional benefits in vitality were achieved by exercising @date@ / week.
this may assist the elderly in preserving their independence.
it is difficult to distinguish unexplained falls ( ufs ) from accidental falls ( afs ) or syncope in older people.
this study was designed to compare patients referred to the emergency department ( ed ) for afs , ufs or syncope.
uf was associated with higher use of psychotropic drugs than af.
our findings could be helpful in supporting a proper diagnostic process when evaluating older patients after a fall.
background : higher levels of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events.
nevertheless , there is debate on the dose-response relationship of exercise and cardiovascular disease outcomes and whether high volumes of exercise may accelerate coronary atherosclerosis.
we aimed to determine the relationship between lifelong exercise volumes and coronary atherosclerosis.
participants reported lifelong exercise history patterns.
exercise volumes were multiplied by metabolic equivalent of task ( met ) scores to calculate met-minutes per week.
cac was present in @number@ of @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) with a median cac score of @number@ ( interquartile range , @number@.3-145.8 ) .
the most active group , however , had a more benign composition of plaques , with fewer mixed plaques and more often only calcified plaques.
these observations may explain the increased longevity typical of endurance athletes despite the presence of more coronary atherosclerotic plaque in the most active participants.
ad is also associated with visual disturbances , but their causes remain unidentified.
donor tissue shortage is therefore a growing concern globally and there is a need for alternatives to human donor corneas.
this review highlights critical contributions from laboratories working on corneal stromal substitutes.
it focuses on synthetic inert prostheses ( keratoprostheses ) , acellular scaffolds with and without enhancement of endogenous regeneration , and cell-based replacements.
regulatory and economic aspects are also discussed.
all of these perspectives combined highlight the founding principles of the clinical application of corneal stromal replacement , a concept that has now become reality.
we employed a mixed methods design using data from medical charts , electronic records , and semi-structured interviews.
experienced nurses used the tool significantly less than inexperienced nurses , and training had a significant positive impact on tool use.
nurses found the purpose of the tool to be confusing.
no significant differences in attitude were observed based on years of experience or intensity of use.
project findings indicate that focused efforts to enrich training may increase intervention adherence.
experienced nurses in particular should be made aware of the benefits of utilizing communication tools.
ninety-four of @number@ screened positive.
seventy-one agreed to participate and were given a brochure along with a brief review of the materials it contained.
of @number@ completing follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) sought further testing and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had used the information to enhance communication.
a simple educational brochure accompanied by a brief review of its contents may enhance effective use of hearing healthcare services.
( @number@ ) .
methods : a 24-week randomized , controlled trial of @number@ elderly women with knee oa.
participants in the tai ji quan group completed training sessions three times per week , while those in the control group had bi-weekly educational classes.
the primary outcome was total score of the pittsburgh sleep quality of index ( psqi ) .
trial registration : chinese clinical trial registry ( @date@ ) : chictr-trc-13003264.
sex-specific odds ratios ( or ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) were calculated from sequential logistic regression models.
( online access : @url@
large national and international registries have been established to capture those at risk and to follow their development of cognitive changes longitudinally.
primary care clinicians play a pivotal role in the early recognition of cognitive impairment in their patients.
background : the promotion of active and healthy ageing is becoming increasingly important as the population ages.
physical activity ( pa ) significantly reduces all-cause mortality and contributes to the prevention of many chronic illnesses.
however , the proportion of people globally who are active enough to gain these health benefits is low and decreases with age.
quality of these studies was rated.
overall , the study quality was moderate.
four articles examined the relation of pa with general ss , @number@ with ss specific to pa ( sspa ) , and six with loneliness.
the results suggest that there is a positive association between sspa and pa levels in older adults , especially when it comes from family members.
no clear associations were identified between general ss , sspa from friends , or loneliness and pa levels.
however , high variability in measurement methods used to assess both ss and pa in included studies made it difficult to compare studies.
the study population included all @number@ inmates incarcerated in the texas prison system for any duration during @number@
a separate analysis was conducted on all hiv-infected inmates incarcerated between @number@ and @number@
information on medical conditions and demographic factors was obtained from an institution-wide electronic medical record system.
multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent contributions of multiple demographic and clinical covariates in predicting the binary outcome , hiv infection.
correctional health systems must adapt to address the evolving epidemiology of hiv among inmate populations.
objectives : to determine the difference in receipt of activity of daily living ( adl ) assistance between obese and normal-weight older adults.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : national health and aging trends study , 2011-2015.
level of need and cognitive status partially explained the associations.
participants underwent walking assessments and tcd ultrasonography measures of mca δcbf during the n-back task of executive function.
a subset of participants ( n = @number@ ) completed the same task during fmri.
individual bold activation maps for the n-back task were correlated with tcd measures and network-level averages were associated with tcd and preferred walking speed.
although hiv and aging are independently associated with impaired humoral immunity , immune status in people aging with hiv is relatively unexplored.
we have observed that the expression of @number@ non-coding rnas ( @number@ micrornas and @number@ snornas ) changes progressively with chronological age.
background : previous findings have demonstrated the link between trauma , its psychopathological aftermath and cellular aging , as reflected in telomere length.
the current study examined the implications of war captivity and depression / ptsd trajectories on telomere length.
data on leukocyte telomere length of ex-pows and @number@ controls was collected @number@ years after the war.
results : ex-pows had shorter telomeres compared to controls ( cohen's d = .5 indicating intermediate effect ) .
these findings further point to the wear-and-tear effect of long-term depression , but not ptsd , on telomere length.
explanations for the findings are discussed.
the aim of this study was to define age-related trends including sex differences based on reliable data.
methods : a large database including serum thyroid tests drawn in community clinics was studied.
ft3 , ft4 , and tsh levels from @number@ sera samples taken from patients age @number@ year or greater were included.
after highly extensive exclusion criteria applied to remove all samples that may have been taken from unhealthy people , @number@ samples remained.
these were stratified by decades of age and by sex.
results : ft3 decreases throughout life , significantly more so among females , with equalization between sexes with greater age.
ft4 declines to a lesser extent , also more among females than among males.
among the very old , females have higher levels of ft4.
in contrast , tsh declines until age @number@ and then increases slightly in both sexes.
these results have important implications for diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions.
abbreviations : anova = analysis of variance ; bmi = body mass index ; ft3 = free triiodothyronine ; ft4 = free thyroxine.
importance : surgical procedures for the aging face-including face-lift , blepharoplasty , and brow-lift-consistently rank among the most popular cosmetic services sought by patients.
ordinal rank change was calculated to understand the clinical effect size of changes across the various domains after surgery.
these procedures also improved ratings of perceived success and health in our patient population.
these findings suggest that facial rejuvenation surgery conveys an even larger societal benefit than merely restoring a youthful appearance to the face.
level of evidence : na.
introduction : sarcopenia is a chronic condition that is associated with aging and characterized by a reduction of muscle mass , strength , and function.
sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and associated with increased morbidity and mortality , as well as cardiovascular complications.
methods : a total of @number@ patients of both sexes aged over @number@ were evaluated.
sociodemographic and clinical data , activities of daily living , functional capacity , and physical activity were also evaluated.
inflammation was assessed by the serum levels of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hscrp ) and interleukin ( il ) @number@ and @number@
results : the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ and @percent@ using the ewgsop and fnih criteria , respectively.
conclusions : sarcopenia is common in patients with ckd , particularly in the most advanced stages of the disease.
we observed an association between the levels of inflammatory markers and peripheral lean body mass , physical performance , and bmi.
physical activity ( pa ) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity.
fear of falling ( fof ) is expected to have effects on functional decline in the elderly.
in this study , we examined over @number@ years the effect of change in fof on functional decline in community dwelling elderly.
participants were divided into four categories according to change in fof between the @number@ and @number@ surveys.
characteristics independently associated with functional decline were change in fof , depressive symptoms , low frequency of meeting friends , and fear-induced activity avoidance.
longer exposure to fof was associated with an increased risk of functional decline.
fof is an important health problem that deserves attention in its own right.
public health approaches for elderly persons should address early detection , prevention , and intervention programs for fof.
an exploratory descriptive study was conducted to explore the perspectives of patients who had fallen in the hospital ; @number@ patients were interviewed.
an inductive content analysis approach was adopted.
patients often downplayed the risks of falls and were reluctant to call for help.
physically active leisure plays a key role in successful aging.
exercise beliefs are one of the key predictors of exercise behavior.
four hundred two adults in south korea responded to survey questions designed to capture the above constructs.
we found that physically active leisure participation leads to subjective well-being for both middle-aged men and women.
however , men and women exercised for different reasons.
based on our results , we suggest that men tend to show higher social face sensitivity , while women show more appearance management behavior.
based on these findings , we discussed the implications and future research directions.
we investigated age-related change in the contribution of stroke volume ( sv ) to central pp ( cpp ) .
eighty seven adult subjects who were free of vasoactive agents were included.
sv was calculated by doppler echocardiography.
hemodynamic indices were measured using a brachial cuff-based oscillometric method.
the brachial and cpp showed a small decline from the young group to the middle group and a greater rise after @number@ years old.
no significant association was found between sv and pp in the old group.
in conclusion , the contribution of sv to cpp decreases with age.
age-related changes in the determinants of cpp should be considered when investigating the clinical value of cpp.
objective : to evaluate the association between overweight and abdominal obesity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly aged @number@ and over.
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : a population-based study of community-dwelling very elderly adults in a city in southern brazil.
the association between these anthropometric measurements and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were independently estimated by cox proportional hazards model.
kaplan-meier was used to assess survival time.
additionally increased wc was independently associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases ( hr @number@ ci95% @number@.34-0.95 ; p < 0.030 ) .
bmi and whr did not show significant independent association with mortality in the main analysis.
objective : impairment of physical performance might identify older people at higher risk of dementia over time.
the present study evaluated handgrip strength as independent predictor of cognitive decline.
design : observational , prospective.
follow-up duration : @number@ ± @number@ months.
setting and participants : geriatric outpatients center.
@number@ consecutive stroke- and dementia-free older adults ( @percent@ men , ages @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
methods : the clinical dementia rating scale and the clock drawing test ( cdt ) were administered.
handgrip strength was assessed using a jamar hand dynamometer.
brain magnetic resonance imaging studies at @number@ t were performed.
white matter damage was expressed as severity of white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) .
longitudinal changes in cognitive function were expressed as 1-year decline in cdt performance.
results : a robust association was observed between baseline handgrip strength and 1-year cognitive decline after multiple adjustment.
conclusions : handgrip strength predicted accelerated 1-year decline in cognitive function , assessed by cdt , in a sample of older adults.
future studies are needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms linking limitations in physical function with dementia risk.
this study investigated the association between physical frailty and multiple domains of qol in community-dwelling older people.
design : cross-sectional study.
however , when performing additional adjustment for health covariates , only the domain health and mobility remained significantly associated with physical frailty.
among each specific fried's criteria , ' slowness ' had the strongest association with a low qol score.
conclusion : physical frailty is associated with all qol domains , but these associations are largely explained by poor health characteristics.
longitudinal studies are needed to better understand temporal relationships between physical frailty , health and qol.
we aimed to show whether or not handgrip strength may be used instead of body mass index ( bmi ) in mna-sf test.
the first one of calculated mna-sf tests was with bmi , the second one with cc , and the last one with hgs.
zero point was given if cc was < 31 cm and @number@ points were given if cc was ≥31 cm.
mna-sf scores and nutritional status according to these three measures were compared.
results : mean age and median mna-sf scores of the patients were 75±7.6 years and @number@ points ( min-max : 0-14 ) respectively.
conclusions : hgs might be considered instead of bmi in mna-sf test to assess nutritional status of geriatric patients.
objective : to evaluate the effect of individually tailored dietary counseling on nutritional status among home care clients aged @number@ years or older.
design : non-randomised controlled study.
conclusions : individually tailored dietary counseling may improve nutritional status among older home care clients.
objectives : to investigate the effects of a mediterranean type diet on patients with osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
participants : ninety-nine volunteers with oa ( aged @number@ - @number@ years ) completed the study ( @percent@ female ) .
setting : southeast of england , uk.
the diet group were asked to follow a mediterranean type diet for @number@ weeks whereas the con group were asked to follow their normal diet.
measurements : all participants completed an arthritis impact measurement scale ( aims2 ) pre- , mid- and post- study period.
there was a significant improvement in knee flexion and hip rotation rom in the diet group ( p < @number@ ) .
design : longitudinal study with @number@ years follow-up.
setting : community based.
participants : @number@ cognitively healthy individuals ( aged 24-83 ) from the maastricht aging study ( 1992-2004 ) .
measurements : memory , executive function and processing speed were assessed at baseline and at 6- and 12-year follow-up.
they showed faster decline in memory , executive function , and processing speed.
chronic obese showed less widespread impairment than those who regained normal weight.
associations across cognitive domains were weaker for obesity defined by bmi than for wc.
yet , age-stratification and post-hoc analyses showed that most of these associations were confounded by age.
conclusions : this study shows that the association between obesity and cognitive decline was confounded by the effect of age on rate of decline.
future studies should take this into account.
method : cognitive decline was determined by montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) .
oxidative stress markers ( malondialdehyde-mda and superoxide dismutase-sod ) were determined and dna damage was assayed using alkaline comet assay.
toenail samples were taken and analyzed using icp-ms to determine trace element levels.
results : a total of @number@ % of subjects had cognitive impairment.
design : scoping review.
background : despite the widely accepted concept that probiotics confer miscellaneous benefits to hosts , the controversies surrounding these health-promoting claims cannot be ignored.
these controversies hinder development and innovation in this field.
our results indicated that gender and age have only minor effects on the immune modulation of probiotics.
conclusions : our results indicated that age and gender have only minor effects on the immune modulation abilities of probiotics.
design : a cross-sectional , multilevel survey was designed.
the questionnaire was distributed by mail and self-completed by participants.
setting : the sample was drawn from seven towns and cities across japan.
participants : a geographic information system was used to select the sample of older people living alone , by proximity to a supermarket.
in total , @number@ older people ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) completed the questionnaire.
measurements : the dependent variable was whether shopping was easy or difficult.
a logistic regression analysis was performed , adjusting for age , socioeconomic status and proximity of residence to a supermarket using stepwise variable analyses.
results : the response rate was @percent@.
overall , @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women considered shopping difficult.
these have a greater influence on shopping difficulty than income in both sexes , and proximity to a supermarket in women.
design : data analysis of a longitudinal study of a representative , age stratified , population sample.
setting : study data is based upon the italian longitudinal study on aging ( ilsa ) a prospective , community-based cohort study.
the baseline evaluation was carried out in @number@ and the follow-up in @number@ and @number@
participant : participant food intake assessment was available at baseline for @number@ subjects ; information on survival was available for @number@ at the @number@ follow-up.
measurements : adherence to the md was evaluated with an a priori score based on the mediterranean pyramid components.
cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relationship between the md score and all-cause mortality.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between breakfast skipping and obesity prevalence among elderly.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community-dwelling elderly in nara , japan.
participants : @number@ elderly participants ( mean age : @number@ years ) .
results : two hundred and seventy-two participants ( @percent@ ) were classified as obese and forty-one ( @percent@ ) were as breakfast skippers.
obesity prevalence was significantly higher in breakfast skippers than in breakfast eaters ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : breakfast skipping was significantly associated with obesity among elderly.
poor diet quality and physical inactivity may be potential intermediators underlying the association between breakfast skipping and obesity.
objective : to study differences in consumption of foods and intake of nutrients attributable to denture status.
the consumption of foods and intake of nutrients was used as an outcome variable and was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
results : denture status associated with food choices.
among dentate participants , the differences between the two groups were small and statistically significant differences were seen mostly in women.
objective : chronic inflammation is linked to many chronic conditions.
one of the strongest modulators of chronic inflammation is diet.
design : cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the healthy eating and active living in the spirit ( heals ) intervention study.
setting : baseline data collection occurred between @number@ and @number@ in or near columbia , sc.
participants : african-american churchgoers.
measurements : baseline data collection included c-reactive protein ( crp ) and interleukin-6 from blood draws , anthropometric measures , and numerous questionnaires.
the questionnaires included a food frequency questionnaire which was used for dii calculation.
the main analyses were performed using quantile regression.
conclusion : construct validation provides support for using the dii in research among aa populations.
we aimed to examine the relationship between tea consumption and hrqol among older chinese adults.
methods : we analyzed community-based cross-sectional data of @number@ older chinese individuals aged @number@ years or older who participated in the weitang geriatric diseases study.
information on tea consumption and hrqol assessed by the european quality of life-5 dimensions ( eq-5d ) were collected by questionnaires.
results : the eq-5d index score was higher for habitual tea drinkers than their counterparts.
these associations were more evident for black or oolong tea than green tea.
conclusion : habitual tea consumption was associated with better hrqol in older adults.
the ddr to helix distorting covalent dna modifications , including interstrand dna crosslinks ( icls ) , is not as well defined.
we have studied the ddr stimulated by icls , localized by laser photoactivation of immunotagged psoralens , in the nuclei of live cells.
in order to address fundamental questions about adduct distribution and replication fork encounters , we combined laser localization with two other technologies.
dna fibers are often used to display the progress of replication forks by immunofluorescence of nucleoside analogues incorporated during short pulses.
immunoquantum dots have been widely employed for single molecule imaging.
in the new approach , dna fibers from cells carrying laser localized icls are spread onto microscope slides.
the tagged icls are displayed with immunoquantum dots and the inter-lesion distances determined.
replication fork collisions with icls can be visualized and different encounter patterns identified and quantitated.
purpose : whether age and inter-individual variability of pharmacogenetics are risk factors for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy ( pipn ) is inconclusive.
genotypic and clinical factors were investigated for associations with pipn.
results : of the five snps evaluated , no snps were significantly associated with grade @number@ or higher pipn.
conclusions : abcb1 @number@ tt genotype and older age might be a predictor of pipn , which diminishes quality of life of cancer survivors.
here we investigated the aspirin's antineoplastic molecular route by targeting shh / gli1 pathway and examined the feasibility of aspirin combined with tmz therapy.
the immunofluorescence assay showed aspirin could prevent the nuclear translocation of gli1 to inhibit its transcriptional regulation.
the stable lentiviral overexpression of gli1 reversed the dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) caused by the gant61 and tmz.
furthermore , aspirin combined with tmz enhanced chemosensitivity and gli1-induced chemoprotection was partly blocked by aspirin
the molecular determinants of muscle progenitor impairment to regenerate aged muscles are currently unclear.
inhibition of ddr restored satellite cell differentiation ability.
moreover , in replicative human senescent fibroblasts , ddr precluded myod-mediated activation of the myogenic program.
a ddr-resistant myod mutant could overcome this barrier by resuming cell cycle progression.
likewise , ddr inhibition could also restore myod's ability to activate the myogenic program in human senescent fibroblasts.
of note , we found that cell cycle progression is necessary for the ddr-resistant myod mutant to reverse senescence-mediated inhibition of the myogenic program.
methods : forty male sd rats were randomized equally into negative control group , d-galactose group , epo treatment group , and positive control group.
rat models of subacute aging were established by continuous subcutaneous injection of @percent@ d-galactose.
immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the variation of bdnf expressions in different brain regions of the aging rats with different treatments.
results : significant brain region-specific differences in bdnf expression were found among the rats in different groups.
background : prior work suggests that some but not all antihypertensive treatments may benefit cognition and risk for alzheimer's disease , independent of stroke.
angiotensin ii receptor blockers ( arbs ) have been highlighted as one antihypertensive drug class that may confer greatest benefit.
methods : the participants comprised @number@ nondemented adults , aged 55-91 years , recruited from alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative sites.
three groups were compared : arb users ( htn-arbs ) , other antihypertensive drug users ( htn-other ) , and normotensives.
they also had fewer wmh than the htn-other group ( p = @number@ ) and those taking non-bbb-crossing arbs ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no group differences in brain volume.
users of bbb-crossing arbs showed superior memory performance over time compared with other antihypertensive drug users and had less wmh volume.
however , lifestyle factors which cause age-related decline in ufov remain poorly understood.
we conducted a study to investigate whether physical activity and appetite status were related to ufov test performance in healthy older adults.
methods : thirty community-dwelling older people ( age @number@ ± @number@ years , @number@ females ) were enrolled in this study.
each participant completed the council on nutrition appetite questionnaire ( cnaq ) and a ufov test.
they then wore a tri-axial accelerometer ( active style pro hja-350it ) for 3-6 consecutive days to objectively measure their pa in free-living conditions.
background : computed tomography ( ct ) contributes up to @percent@ of the medical exposure to the united states population.
children are considered to be at higher risk of developing radiation-induced tumors due to the young age of exposure and increased tissue radiosensitivity.
organ dose estimation is essential for pediatric and adult patient cancer risk assessment.
methods : five age groups of pediatric patients and adult patients were simulated by three organ dose estimators.
for adults , virtualdose was compared against impact and ct-expo.
for pediatric patients , virtualdose was compared to ct-expo and compared to size-based methods from literature.
pediatric to adult effective dose ratios were also calculated with virtualdose , and were compared with the ranges of effective dose ratios provided in impact.
results : in-field organs see less than @percent@ difference in dose between dose estimators.
for organs outside scan range or distributed organs , a five times ' difference can occur.
virtualdose agrees with the size-based methods within @percent@ difference for the organs investigated.
for pediatric patients , @number@ cm scan range change can lead to a five times dose difference in partially scanned organs.
patient-specific organ dose estimation is possible using the size-based methods , and virtualdose agrees with size-based method for the organs investigated.
careful range selection for ct protocols is necessary for organ dose optimization for pediatric and adult patients.
background : genomewide association studies of autoimmune diseases have mapped hundreds of susceptibility regions in the genome.
signatures of positive selection were also investigated.
the disease-risk allele was also associated with up-regulated humoral immunity through increased levels of soluble baff , b lymphocytes , and immunoglobulins.
population genetic signatures indicated that this autoimmunity variant has been evolutionarily advantageous , most likely by augmenting resistance to malaria.
( funded by the italian foundation for multiple sclerosis and others. ) .
current sociodemographic predictions point to a demographic shift in developed and developing countries that will result in an unprecedented increase of the elderly population.
this will be accompanied by an increase in age-related conditions that will strongly impair human health and quality of life.
for this reason , aging is a major concern worldwide.
healthy aging depends on a combination of individual genetic factors and external environmental factors.
diet has been proved to be a powerful tool to modulate aging and caloric restriction has emerged as a valuable intervention in this regard.
however , many questions about how a controlled caloric restriction intervention affects aging-related processes are still unanswered.
nutrient sensing pathways become deregulated with age and lose effectiveness with age.
these pathways are a link between diet and aging.
thus , fully understanding this link is a mandatory step before bringing caloric restriction into practice.
micrornas have emerged as important regulators of cellular functions and can be modified by diet.
in this review , we aimed to show the relationship between diet , nutrient sensing pathways and micrornas in the context of aging.
preoperative testing and eligibility considerations , intraoperative factors , and postoperative observation and follow-up will be discussed.
modern technologies have improved our ability to determine accurate iop after refractive surgery despite postoperative changes in corneal architecture.
furthermore , advances in structural imaging allow for earlier detection of even subtle glaucomatous nerve damage.
advancements in diagnostic modalities have allowed for earlier detection of glaucomatous disease , and subsequent earlier intervention when appropriate.
standardized diagnostic algorithms and rigorous perioperative assessment are critical to safe management of glaucoma patients undergoing refractive corneal surgery.
oncogene activation is an established driver of tumorigenesis.
an apparently inevitable consequence of oncogene activation is the generation of dna replication stress ( rs ) , a feature common to most cancer cells.
our results indicated that this is possible.
the tree aquilaria malaccensis is a valuable source of agarwood , which is used in herbal medicinal preparations.
the structures of these isolates were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data interpretation.
the inflammation-modulatory activities of the isolates on elastase release and superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils were evaluated.
however , the underlying anticancer mechanisms have not previously been identified.
the proliferation of a549 was assessed by mtt assay.
this article aims to identify research directions that clarify the basis of this association.
in particular , the accumulation of conditions or agents due to inflammatory states or tissue ischemia is important.
much of the above has been concerned with changes to bladder function and morphology.
nocturia is a cardinal symptom of lut dysfunction and is more prevalent with aging.
in particular , the linkage between increasing white matter hyperintensities and lut dysfunction during aging is recognized but not understood.
neurourol.
urodynam.
36 : 854-858 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
skeletal muscle is a highly oxygen-consuming tissue that ensures body support and movement , as well as nutrient and temperature regulation.
dna damage induced by reactive oxygen species is present in muscles and tends to accumulate with age.
here , we present a summary of data obtained on dna damage and its implication in muscle homeostasis , myogenic differentiation and neuromuscular disorders.
controlled and transient dna damage appears to be essential for muscular homeostasis and differentiation while uncontrolled and chronic dna damage negatively affects muscle health.
the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus is expected to reach @number@ million by @number@
diabetes increases the risk for developing secondary complications such as nephropathy and cardiovascular disease , critical factors that dictate the survival rate of diabetes patients.
while exoribonuclease treatment is widely used to degrade linear rnas and enrich circrnas in rna samples , it does not efficiently eliminate all linear rnas.
we found that human ipsc-derived astrocytes secreted abundant apoe with apoe4 lipoprotein particles less lipidated compared to apoe3 particles.
the human gastrointestinal microbiota plays a key homeostatic role in normal functioning of physiologic processes commonly undermined by aging.
subject biological age but not chronological age correlated with a decrease in stool microbial diversity.
specific microbial genera were differentially abundant in the lower , middle , and upper 33rd percentiles of biological age.
we conclude that increasing biological age in community-dwelling adults is associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis.
background : impaired endogenous stem cell repair capacity is hypothesized to be a biologic basis of frailty.
therapies that restore regenerative capacity may therefore be beneficial.
the primary endpoint was incidence of any treatment-emergent serious adverse events measured at @number@ month postinfusion.
the secondary endpoints were functional efficacy domains and inflammatory biomarkers , measured at @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
results : there were no treatment-emergent serious adverse events at 1-month postinfusion or significant donor-specific immune reactions during the first @number@ months.
there was one death at @number@ days postinfusion in the 200-million group.
conclusions : allo-hmscs are safe and immunologically tolerated in aging frailty patients.
improvements in functional and immunologic status suggest that ongoing clinical development of cell-based therapy is warranted for frailty.
background : olfactory dysfunction ( od ) in old age is associated with poor health outcomes.
interrelationships among different correlates of od can offer insights into the underlying mechanisms , but to date remain understudied.
results : overall prevalence of od was @percent@ ( ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
self-reports were characterized by low sensitivity ( @percent@ ) , but high specificity ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : demographic and genetic factors , but also prior and current health insults , are linked to od in old age.
modulatory effects of behavioral factors highlight their value as possible prevention targets.
aims : to investigate the relationship between volition , physical activity and weight loss maintenance.
correlational analyses will be used to investigate possible associations between volition , maximal oxygen uptake , physical activity level and weight loss maintenance.
aims : this study aimed to investigate whether repeated lifestyle interventions lead to progressive weight loss or to weight cycling.
all had participated in one to four 11-12 week lifestyle interventions ( residential weight loss programme , mixed activities ) .
primary outcomes were weight loss and change in body composition ( bioimpedance measurements ) after the intervention periods and at follow-up.
overall @number@ @number@ @number@ and @percent@ of the participants were lost to follow-up after one to four interventions , respectively.
however , the relationship between loss of fat and fat free mass might change in an unfavourable direction.
pharmacokinetics boosting of protease inhibitor allows a higher genetic barrier , as few or no drug-resistant mutations are detected in patients with virologic failure.
areas covered : atazanavir sulfate + cobicistat ( atv / c ) was recently approved for the treatment of hiv-1 infection.
bioequivalence between cobicistat ( cobi ) and ritonavir ( rtv ) as a pharmacoenhancer of atv was established.
additionally , randomized clinical trials demonstrated that atv / c and atv / ritonavir had comparable efficacy and safety profiles.
low rates of virologic failure and no atv resistance mutations were observed in these clinical trials.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord.
treatment options are limited due to the complexity of underlying disease factors.
a brief history of hucb in treatment of an als animal model and the feasibility of these cells in therapy for als patients is provided.
current als clinical trials are also deliberated.
biodistribution and optimal hucb cell dose for transplantation have been determined in preclinical studies.
repeated intravenous cell doses during disease progression may be the best approach for cell-based als treatment.
purpose : heart failure prevalence is increasing in older adults , and polypharmacy is a major problem in this population.
we also compared pmrci between patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy ( iscm ) versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy ( niscm ) .
patients and methods : medication lists were retrospectively abstracted from the electronic medical records of ambulatory patients aged 60-89 years with heart failure.
additional work is needed to address polypharmacy and to determine if medication regimen complexity influences adherence and clinical outcomes in this population.
aim : pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis of two different dosage regimens of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients.
the period of treatment for both the groups was @number@ days , and minimum cost analysis was used to analyze the treatment.
the demographic data , stone parameters , stone-free rate , retreatment rate , and complication rate were analyzed in both elderly and non-elderly patient groups.
methods : the study was performed in @number@ nursing homes across the federal state of baden-württemberg , germany.
all eligible participants were included , and general and medical information and information about their dental and prosthetic statuses were collected.
the geriatric oral health assessment index ( gohai ) was administered to evaluate ohrqol.
parametric bivariate statistics and logistic regression models were used to analyze data at results : a total of @number@ participants were included in this study.
the mean age of the participants was @number@ years.
a total of some @percent@ of the sample was living with dementia.
ohrqol was statistically similar for people with or without dementia ( conclusion : the ohrqol of elderly nursing home residents is substantially compromised.
several prosthetic treatment needs for residents living with or without dementia were identified.
edentulism without tooth replacement and having < 5 teeth resulted in an increased risk of substantially compromised ohrqol.
further studies should be conducted to determine whether improvements in prosthetic status can increase ohrqol.
over the last several decades , neuroimaging research has identified age-related neural changes that occur during cognitive tasks.
these changes are used to help researchers identify functional changes that contribute to age-related impairments in cognitive performance.
this shift is often described as a compensatory recruitment of prefrontal regions due to age-related sensory-processing deficits in posterior regions.
the current study examines the possible contribution of temporal modifications in the often-reported posterior-anterior shift.
age-related neural patterns during search replicated prior reports of age-related decreases in posterior recruitment and increases in prefrontal recruitment.
however , during the later elaboration phase , the same posterior regions were associated with age-related increases in activation.
further , roi and functional connectivity results suggest that these posterior regions function similarly during search and elaboration.
methods : a prospective trial was conducted in @number@ patients with moderate-to-severe active intestinal bd , followed up for @number@ weeks.
ileocolonoscopic examinations were done at baseline and week @number@
a logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors of corticosteroid-free remission at week @number@
mh at week @number@ predicted clinical remission at week @number@
aging affects almost all physiological processes , but changes in body composition and body phenotype are most observable.
we also address low-grade chronic inflammation , prevalent in aging adults and a cause of many disorders including those associated with body composition.
exercise is a non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of aging on brain health.
however , a large amount of variation exists in its efficacy.
sex of participants and exercise type are two possible factors contributing to this variation.
to better understand this , we conducted a concurrent systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitively healthy older adults.
executive functions , episodic memory , visuospatial function , word fluency , processing speed and global cognitive function were examined for exercise- and sex-dependent effects.
this suggests that women's executive processes may benefit more from exercise than men.
regardless of sex , compared to control , all three exercise training approaches enhanced visuospatial function , but only multimodal training enhanced episodic memory.
possible underlying mechanisms , including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and sex steroid hormones , are discussed.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia and the 6th leading cause of death in the us.
the neuropathological hallmarks of the disease are extracellular amyloid-β ( aβ ) plaques and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates.
our increased understanding of trem2 and microglia has opened new avenues for therapeutic intervention to delay or prevent the progression of ad.
background : due to the aging population , there is an increase in the number of elderly patients with asthma.
although signs and symptoms are similar to those in younger patients , diagnosis can be challenging due to presence of coexisting conditions in this population.
methods and results : scientific literature regarding asthma in the elderly population was reviewed.
in addition , there are issues with the adverse effects of asthma medications , use of proper inhaler technique and compliance.
background : muscle mass and strength are strong determinants of a person's quality of life and functional independence with advancing age.
thus , finding novel ways to complement resistance training to improve muscle response and ultimately quality of life among older individuals is critical.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02308228 .
registered on @date@ .
the inhibitory adenosine a1 receptor ( a1r ) and excitatory a2a receptor ( a2ar ) are predominantly expressed in the brain.
this a1r signaling enhances a2ar-mediated neurodegeneration , and provides a platform for future development of neuroprotective agents in stroke , parkinson's disease and epilepsy.
infrared ( ir ) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and @number@ , 000nm.
increasing evidence suggests that ir can carry out photostimulation and photobiomodulation effects particularly benefiting neural stimulation , wound healing , and cancer treatment.
the applications of ir therapy have moved on rapidly in recent years.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ) has been introduced as a new and effective treatment option for major depression.
this paper examined the effectiveness of rtms on first episode depressed patients when combined with antidepressant drugs.
the dosage of paroxetine was the average dose per day in each week.
these findings indicate that rtms at 10-hz accelerated the onset of action and augmented the response to paroxetine for first-episode depressed patients.
the conserved e3 ubiquitin ligase chip / chn-1 contributes to proteostasis by ubiquitylating hsp70 and hsp90-interacting proteins.
in a recent issue of cell , tawo et al.
( @number@ ) show that chip / chn-1 also directly ubiquitylates the insulin receptor insr / daf-2 to regulate its turnover.
these findings suggest an unexpected interpretation of the effects of altered proteostasis on survival.
harmonised individual participant data from all seven cohorts were analysed separately and alternatively for each anthropometric indicator using multivariable cox proportional hazards models.
for postmenopausal breast cancer we report evidence for effect modification by ht use.
population ageing is occurring in all countries , regardless of the level of economic development.
the complementary perspective is the prevention of frailty , which has physical , cognitive , social and psychological dimensions.
therefore , services for older people should encompass medical as well as social components.
a top down approach with financial incentives , together with public education to help drive policy changes , are key drivers of change.
the past two decades have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the multifactorial drivers of hippocampal aging and cognitive decline.
recent findings have also raised the possibility of functional rejuvenation in the aged hippocampus.
in this review , we aim to synthesize the mechanisms that drive hippocampal aging and evaluate critically the potential for rejuvenation.
inflammation plays a pivotal role in pathophysiological processes of kidney diseases.
it is noteworthy that , in kidney , mitophagy is active , and damaged lysosomes are removed by autophagy.
in this mode , autophagy suppresses inflammation to protect the kidney.
systemic inflammation also affects the kidney via pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells , and autophagy also has a regulatory role in systemic inflammation.
the majority of protein molecules must fold into defined three-dimensional structures to acquire functional activity.
however , protein chains can adopt a multitude of conformational states , and their biologically active conformation is often only marginally stable.
to prevent or regulate protein aggregation , all cells contain an extensive protein homeostasis ( or proteostasis ) network comprising molecular chaperones and other factors.
these defense systems tend to decline during aging , facilitating the manifestation of aggregate deposition diseases.
these articles also discuss recent insights into the strategies cells have evolved to neutralize toxic aggregates by sequestering them in specific cellular locations.
the biological clock , whose function deteriorates with increasing age , determines bodily circadian ( i.e. 24h ) rhythms , including that of cholesterol metabolism.
dampening of circadian rhythms has been associated with aging and disease.
therefore , we hypothesized that individuals with a familial predisposition for longevity have a higher amplitude circadian serum cholesterol concentration rhythm.
the aim of this study was to investigate circadian rhythmicity of serum cholesterol concentrations in offspring of nonagenarian siblings and their partners.
lights were off between @time@ h and 8 : 00 h.
we conclude that familial longevity is characterized by a high circadian rhythmicity of non-hdl-c in healthy elderly offspring from nonagenarian siblings.
design : population-based cross-sectional study.
setting : health and retirement study.
participants : community-dwelling older adults ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) .
cognitive performance was measured using a composite test score of global cognitive function ( range 0-27 ) .
linear regression was used to compare cognitive performance according to tertiles of dietary pattern.
logistic regression was used to examine the association between dietary patterns and clinically significant cognitive impairment.
models were adjusted for age , sex , race , educational attainment , and other health and lifestyle covariates.
results for the mind diet were similar.
clinical trials are required to elucidate the role of dietary patterns in cognitive aging.
many clinical features of lung cancer are different in women and men.
sex steroid hormones exert effects in nonreproductive organs , such as the lungs.
the association between menstrual and childbearing factors and the risk of lung cancer among women is still debated.
we performed a pooled analysis of eight studies contributing to the international lung cancer consortium ( @number@ cases and @number@ controls ) .
pooled associations between menstrual or reproductive factors and lung cancer were estimated using multivariable unconditional logistic regression.
subgroup analyses were done for menopause status , smoking habits and histology.
in contrast , peri / postmenopausal subjects had ors around unity for the same exposures.
no major effect modification was exerted by smoking status or cancer histology.
more investigations in large well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of gender differences in lung cancer risk.
cockayne syndrome ( cs ) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized principally by progressive growth failure , neurologic abnormality and premature aging.
the current report describes two siblings with severe neurologic abnormality and premature aging.
whole exome sequencing identified two novel mutations in ercc6 that had not been previously reported.
cosegregation analysis revealed c.1834c > t was paternal and c.2923c > t was maternal.
a healthy baby with no mutated alleles was delivered based on prenatal diagnosis performed by genetic testing of amniocytes for the causative mutation.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) leads to progressive loss of central vision in the elderly.
treatment depends on the stage of the disease.
unlike the wet amd , an effective therapy does not exist for dry amd and geographic atrophy.
cell replacement therapy has shown promise.
this review discusses the opportunities in the various types of cell-based therapy , their limitations , and what is possible for india.
memory loss in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is attributed to pervasive weakening and loss of synapses.
methods : from the population-based prospective study snac-k , @number@ diabetes-free participants aged ≥60 years were identified and followed up for @number@ years.
t2dm was ascertained by glycated haemoglobin level , self-report , hypoglycaemic medication use and clinical records.
levels of job control and demands over the whole working life were assessed by a validated matrix.
household chores load was assessed by hours spent on such chores.
multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between job strain and t2dm.
results : during the 6-year follow-up , @number@ incident cases of t2dm were identified.
conclusion : work-related psychosocial stress may increase the risk of t2dm only amongst women in their early 60s.
the risk can be amplified by high household chores load.
the armitage-doll multi-stage model of carcinogenesis tremendously refocused cancer science by postulating that carcinogenesis is driven by a sequence of genetic changes in cells.
age-dependent cancer incidence thus has been explained in terms of the time necessary for oncogenic mutations to occur.
development of bone metabolism markers began about @number@ years ago.
current by the osteoporosis and bone metabolism diseases diagnosis and treatment efficacy.
in childhood and adolescence , bone formation and resorption were increased , but formation rate was exceeded resorption rate.
on the other hand , pregnancy and breastfeeding affect bone metabolism.
so , we gynecologists should be careful about bone health with understanding characteristic of bone metabolism markers.
bone and joint diseases are severe problems in the elderly ; therefore , the development of their treatment or prophylaxis is quite important.
our study shows that the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is very high , and its impact on quality of life is strong.
sbp was measured at baseline and again at resurvey in 2001-2004.
participants were monitored for fatal and nonfatal vascular events.
to limit the effect of reverse causality , analyses were restricted to men without previous vascular disease at baseline.
hazard ratios were estimated by cox regression , with adjustment for age and education ( further adjustment did not materially change the associations ) .
during a mean follow-up of @number@ years , there were @number@ major vascular events.
continuous log-linear associations were found between usual sbp and risk of major vascular events throughout the sbp range examined ( 145-170 mm hg ) .
there was evidence of positive associations with both ischemic heart disease and stroke and effect modification by age , with shallower associations at older ages.
in vivo measurements of r an infant's ability to perceive emotional facial expressions is critical for developing social skills.
we first show that processing of dynamic emotional faces occurs across multiple brain regions in both infants and adults.
in addition , in both groups the occipital , parietal and temporal nodes appear to have the strongest influence on information flow within the network.
worldwide , colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening programs have significantly increased the detection of submucosal ( pt1 ) adenocarcinoma.
completion surgery may be indicated after endoscopic excision of these potentially metastasizing early cancers.
however , the postsurgical prevalence of nodal implants does not exceed @percent@ , leading to questions concerning the clinical appropriateness of any post-endoscopy surgery.
to assess the prognostic value of tb in pt1 crcs , this meta-analysis evaluated @number@ studies involving a total of @number@ patients.
we observed a strong association between the presence of tb and risk of nodal metastasis in pt1 crc.
simultanagnosia , an impairment in simultaneous object perception , has been attributed to deficits in visual attention and , specifically , to processing speed.
we used a parametric assessment of visual attention based on the theory of visual attention.
results show that patients make significantly more errors than controls when identifying overlapping shapes , which correlate with reduced processing speed.
our findings suggest simultaneous object perception deficits in very early ad , and a visual processing speed reduction underlying these deficits.
organ dysfunction´s association with physical performance , and whether these associations are mediated by systemic inflammation , was also investigated.
methods : a cross-sectional study in an emergency department.
systemic inflammation was assessed by supar , tnfα , and il-6.
associations were investigated by regression analyses adjusted for age , sex , cognitive impairment , crp , and vitalpac modified early warning score.
results : a total of @number@ patients were evaluated.
all inflammation biomarkers were associated with fi-outref ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : inflammatory biomarkers are potentially feasible for systematic assessment of vulnerability.
moreover , supar may be an important mediator between organ dysfunction and physical performance.
renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis infection ( ltbi ) and progressing to active tuberculosis ( tb ) .
this study was conducted in national hospital for tuberculosis and renal transplantation ( rt ) in japan.
however , these methods ignore that there is a deviation between the real age and the brain age due to the accelerated brain aging.
firstly , set the search range of the deviation as the deviation candidates according to the prior knowledge.
thirdly , design the fitness function based on the correlation criterion.
fifthly , repeat the iteration until all the deviation candidates are involved and get the optimal deviation with maximum fitness values.
the real age plus the optimal deviation is taken as the brain pathological age.
results : the experimental results showed that the separability of the samples was apparently improved.
for nc-mci-ad , the average improvement was @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
the estimated brain pathological age could be not only more helpful for the classification of ad but also more precisely reflect the accelerated brain aging.
besides , the brain pathological age is most helpful for feature reduction , thereby simplifying the relevant classification algorithm.
with the advent of aging , the morbidity rates of such diseases as osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , and osteoporosis has witnessed a significant increase.
after being cultured with sin treated msc-conditioned medium ( stmsc-cm ) , the amount of trap-positive multinucleated osteoclasts differentiated from raw264.7 cells was reduced.
also , the expression levels of specific markers for active osteoclasts were decreased when incubated with stmsc-cm.
moreover , these changes were able to be recovered when the exogenous rankl was added to the msc-cm culture.
this indicates that the increased opg / rankl ratio can reduce the osteoclastogenesis of raw264.7 cells.
our results demonstrated that sin has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation through mechanisms involving the inhibition of the pge2-induced opg / rankl ratio.
sin can also serve as a proinflammatory mediator to regulate the msc immunosuppressive effects.
our findings suggest that sin can be useful for the treatment of bone diseases associated with over-activity of osteoclasts.
in order to safely avoid obstacles , humans must rely on visual information regarding the position and shape of the object obtained in advance.
the present study aimed to reveal the duration of obstacle visibility necessary for appropriate visuomotor control during obstacle avoidance in healthy older adults.
toe clearances of both the lead and trail limb ( ltc and ttc ) were calculated.
ltc in the occlusion at t-2 steps condition was significantly greater than that in other conditions.
furthermore , a significant correlation was observed between ltc and ttc in both groups , regardless of the condition or obstacle height.
in the older adult group alone , step width in the occlusion at t-2 steps condition increased relative to that in full visibility conditions.
the results of the present study suggest that there is no difference in the characteristics of visuomotor control for appropriate obstacle crossing based on age.
this study aimed to compare the static balance control of @number@ ktrs with @number@ healthy adults ( ha ) .
the addition of a cognitive task did not further worsen balance performance in ktrs.
results : single-year-specific median , mean , and sd values have been evaluated for the beckman access amh immunoassay.
conclusion : these results will be helpful for the treatment of patients and the ventilation of the different reproductive options.
irisin is a hormone-like myokine produced in abundance by skeletal muscle in response to exercise , both in mice and humans.
once released into the circulation , irisin acts on white adipocytes to induce the browning response and subsequently activates nonshivering thermogenesis.
we have examined the premise that irisin produced during exercise may subserve further functions in the musculoskeletal system.
we also review the autocrine effects of irisin in skeletal muscle , in which it upregulates the expression of its precursor ( fndc5 ) .
if the results from mice were confirmed in human studies , an irisin-based therapy could be developed for physically disabled or bedridden patients.
despite the apparent structural role of prom1 in photoreceptors , its role in other cells of the retina is unknown.
methods : lentiviral sirna and the genome editing crispr / cas9 system were used to knockout prom1 in primary rpe and arpe-19 cells , respectively.
western blotting , confocal microscopy , and flow sight imaging cytometry assays were used to quantify autophagy flux.
immunoprecipitation was used to detect prom1 interacting proteins.
results : our studies demonstrate that prom1 is primarily a cytosolic protein in the rpe.
stress signals and physiological aging robustly increase autophagy with concomitant upregulation of prom1 expression.
conversely , ectopic overexpression of prom1 inhibited mtorc1 and mtorc2 activities , and potentiated autophagy flux.
through interactions with p62 and hdac6 , prom1 regulates autophagosome maturation and trafficking , suggesting a new cytoplasmic role of prom1 in rpe function.
methods : we analyzed @number@ older adults from the three-city-alienor population-based study.
vi was defined by presenting distance visual acuity in the better-seeing eye.
multivariate modified poisson regressions were used to estimate the associations between vision , activity limitations , and social participation restrictions.
population attributable risk ( par ) and generalized impact fraction ( gif ) were estimated.
bootstrapping was used to estimate @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) .
these associations were found for even minimal levels of vi.
conclusions : about one-sixth of iadl limitations and one-fifth of social participation restrictions could be prevented by an optimal optical correction.
these results underline the importance of eye examinations in older adults to prevent disability.
objectives : to assess the role of advanced age on survival and dialysis dependency after initiation of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury.
design : retrospective pooled analysis of prospectively collected data.
setting : icus of two teaching hospitals in paris area , france.
subjects : one thousand five hundred thirty adult patients who required renal replacement therapy initiation in the icu.
interventions : none.
the oldest quintile included @number@ patients @number@ years old and over.
seventy-three percent of included patients had respiratory and hemodynamic supports at renal replacement therapy initiation , similarly distributed across quintiles.
after adjustment , age did not increase the risk of death up to @number@ years.
dialysis dependency was more frequent among survivors @number@ years old or older ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was the only one predictor of dialysis dependency identified.
conclusions : patients with advanced age represent a substantial subgroup of patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the icu.
from @number@ years , age should be considered as an additional risk of dying over the severity of organ failures.
at @number@ months , only @percent@ were living at home , dialysis independent.
background : fried and colleagues described a frailty phenotype measured in the cardiovascular health study ( chs ) .
we sought to approximate frailty phenotype using only administrative claims data to enable frailty to be assessed without physical performance measures.
study design : we used the chs cohort data linked to participants medicare claims.
the reference standard was the frailty phenotype measured at visits @number@ and @number@
we assessed the predictive validity of frailty index by examining how well it predicted common aging-related outcomes including hospitalization , disability , and death.
results : there were @number@ chs participants from @number@ clinical sites.
in total , @percent@ were white , @percent@ were women and their mean age was @number@ years at enrollment.
approximately @percent@ of the cohort was frail.
the model had an area under the receiver operating curve of @number@ to concurrently predict a frailty phenotype.
conclusions : claims data alone can be used to classify individuals as frail and nonfrail.
the claims-based frailty indicator might be used in research with large datasets for confounding adjustment or risk prediction.
the indicator might also be used for emergency preparedness for identification of regions enriched with frail individuals.
all study participants completed two dietary recalls and a dietary supplement ( ds ) questionnaire in wave @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
diet quality was evaluated by the healthy eating index-2010 and the mean adequacy ratio for @number@ micronutrients.
a comparison of reported motivations to efficacy reported in the literature of single bs was conducted.
results : approximately @percent@ ( 1062 / 2140 ) of participants took ds.
of these , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) reported taking either bs or bds.
it was found that bds users had better diet quality than ds users as well as nonusers of ds.
the top three motivations for bds users were to improve overall health , to maintain health , and to supplement the diet.
there is limited evidence for the efficacy of most bs.
yet , improvement in diet is needed because overall quality did not achieve current recommendations.
to improve overall health , it may be beneficial for this population to focus on dietary modifications to reduce the risks associated with chronic diseases.
in general , the reported motivations for bs use were not supported by clinical evidence.
hilaq was successfully applied to the ht22 oxytosis model.
the hilaq strategy simplifies the analysis of newly synthesized proteomes through the use of isobaric labels and achieves higher sensitivity than previously published methods.
the timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases.
removal of sncs delays several pathologies and increases healthy lifespan.
senescent chondrocytes are found in cartilage tissue isolated from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery , yet their role in disease pathogenesis is unknown.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in multiple intra-orbital structures using quantitative mri ( qmri ) .
thirty-eight subjects ( @number@ males , @number@ females ; ages @date@ years ) underwent mri with a mixed turbo spin echo sequence.
statistical analyses were performed using pearson's correlation coefficients.
t1 and t2 values of the extra-ocular muscles increased with age , with higher t1 and t2 values compared to the masseter muscles.
retrobulbar fat showed significant age-associated increases in t1 values in the lateral side and in t2 values in both sides.
intra-orbital structures demonstrated specific qmri measurements and aging patterns , which were different from extra-orbital structures.
location-specific age-related changes of intra-orbital structures should be considered in the qmri assessment of the orbital pathology.
objective : the objective of this study was to develop a quantitative mri disease progression measurement for clinical trials.
results : the highest standardized effect sizes were found for midbrain , frontal lobes , and the third ventricle.
in recent years , many efforts have been spent to identify sensitive biomarkers able to improve the accuracy of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) diagnosis.
loss of collagen is a natural development accompanying aging of the body.
it may be additionally accelerated by various conditions , including osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
these newer methodologies are particularly well suited for discovery of biomarker candidates from human disease samples , and for investigating and understanding human disease pathways.
corresponding bioinformatics strategies , as well as application in biological and clinical studies are presented.
perturbed neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature shared by both aging and protein misfolding disorders.
in fact , er stress is a common feature of most neurodegenerative diseases.
the unfolded protein response ( upr ) operates as central player to maintain er homeostasis or the induction of cell death of chronically damaged cells.
finally , we discuss possible therapeutic interventions to improve proteostasis and prevent pathological brain aging.
methods : the present retrospective cohort study used data from the veteran affairs comprehensive geriatric assessment from @date@ to @date@ for analysis.
all patients were categorized into the home care group and institutional care group based on their living arrangement before gemu admissions.
six-month mortality and decline in barthel index were defined as adverse clinical outcomes.
results : overall , data of @number@ patients were used for analysis.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 44-49.
aim : the use of anticholinergic drugs had been strongly linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults , especially in cognitive impairment or dementia.
methods : this retrospective cohort study was a substudy of the longitudinal older veterans study.
cognitive decline was defined as the decrease of mini-mental state examinations scores during the study period.
a further intervention study is required to evaluate whether reducing anticholinergic burden might improve cognitive function among older adults.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 57-64.
methods : a total of @number@ old veterans with dementia living in two veterans ' homes in northern taiwan were recruited.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 28-35.
aim : it has been reported that many people with dementia require hospitalizations.
the objective of the present study was to determine predictive factors for hospitalizations in people with dementia.
methods : a total of @number@ individuals with dementia living in a veterans ' home in southern taiwan were consecutively enrolled.
during prospective follow up , all hospitalization events were recorded.
the major predictor for hospital admission was history of a previous fall.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 50-56.
methods : using taiwan's national health insurance research database , we identified @number@ people with dementia that died between @number@ and @number@
multivariable logistic regression was carried out to analyze the determinants for use of \ "never appropriate \ " medications.
a similar pattern was identified in the last hospitalization before death.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 65-74..
aim : slow gait speed has been associated with mortality , poor physical function and disability in older people.
our aim was to evaluate the association between slow gait speed and rapid cognitive decline among oldest-old men in taiwan.
univariate analysis showed that slow gait speed could predict rapid cognitive decline ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.20- @time@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : slow gait speed was thus an independent predictor of rapid cognitive decline in oldest-old men in a veterans ' retirement community in taiwan.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 14-19.
aim : dementia and cognitive impairment are important public health challenges to a rapidly aging country.
methods : data of the social environment and biomarkers of aging study , a population-based cohort study in taiwan , were retrieved for the study.
any increasing score of the short portable mental status questionnaire in the observational period was referred to as cognitive function decline.
associated factors for cognitive decline were identified by the logistic regression model.
results : among all participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) experienced cognitive decline during the study period.
an intervention study combining these features should be carried out to promote better cognitive health in communities.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 20-27.
the study participants were interviewed every 3-6 months from @date@ and @date@ .
results : the mean age of the participants was @number@ ± @number@ years , with a mean follow-up period of @number@ ± @number@ weeks.
further intervention study is required to improve the cognitive health of older adults living in the veterans ' retirement communities.
geriatr gerontol int 2017 : @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 7-13.
we also screened geriatric syndromes at baseline and @number@ year later.
the residents receiving 2mcga had lower baseline mini-mental state examination scores , and higher cdr.
conclusions : the 2mcga intervention shows strong delays in the decline of cognition and physical function for older residents with mild-to-moderate dementia.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ @number@ ( suppl.
@number@ ) : 36-43.
only about one in five adults with hearing loss wears a hearing aid , leaving many vulnerable to poor communication with healthcare providers.
we identified @number@ papers in the initial search , and included @number@ in this systematic review.
of the @number@ papers , only @number@ studies ( @percent@ ) included any mention of hearing loss.
three studies examined or reported on an association between hearing loss and the quality of physician-patient communication.
one study included an intervention to temporarily mitigate hearing loss to improve communication.
less than one-quarter of studies of physician-elderly patient communication even mention that hearing loss may affect communication.
methodologically , this means that many studies may have omitted an important potential confounder.
perhaps more importantly , research in this field has largely overlooked a highly prevalent , important , and remediable influence on the quality of communication.
objectives : to develop , implement , and evaluate a training program in aging-related health for police officers.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : crisis intervention training program for police officers in san francisco.
participants : police officers attending one of five 2-hour trainings ( n = @number@ ) .
in open-ended responses , participants reported work-related changes they anticipated making in response to the training.
results : all @number@ participants completed the evaluation.
eighty-four percent reported interacting with older adults at least monthly ; @percent@ reported daily interactions.
participants rated the training quality at @number@ @date@ and the likelihood they would apply new knowledge to their work at @number@ @date@ .
conclusion : a brief training in aging-related health significantly increased police officers ' self-reported knowledge and skills.
clinicians have an important opportunity to help enhance safe and effective community policing for older adults.
materials and methods : this retrospective analysis comprised @number@ patients ( @number@ eyes ) .
we applied ex-press implants in @number@ patients with neovascular glaucoma ( nvg ) and in @number@ patients with non-nvg.
all patients had earlier history of diabetes and vitrectomy 23g for diabetic complications.
results : application of the implant exhibited a lowering effect on iop.
after @number@ month , @percent@ of patients had iop values beyond @number@ mmhg , while @percent@ after @number@ year.
conclusion : the implant can be used to treat both nvg and non-nvg in diabetic patients following ppv.
design : this was a prospective cohort study.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( @number@ were men ) completed the abc-h scale.
the occurrence of falls over the follow-up period of @number@ months was recorded.
discriminative validity was analyzed by comparing the total abc-h scale scores between the faller and non-faller groups.
a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and a logistic regression analysis were used to examine the predictive accuracy of the abc-h scale.
the ability of the abc-h scale to predict future falls was adequate with high sensitivity and specificity values.
neurological injuries such as stroke can lead to proprioceptive impairment.
however , most studies investigate age effects by comparing young and elderly subjects and do not provide a model within a target age range.
moreover , despite the functional relevance of the hand in activities of daily living , age-based models of distal proprioception are scarce.
a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm combined with an adaptive algorithm to define stimulus magnitude was used.
the adaptive algorithm allowed reaching an average assessment duration < 15 minutes , making its clinical applicability realistic.
this study provides further evidence for an age-related decline in proprioception at the level of the hand.
furthermore , it demonstrates the potential of such automated robotic tools as a rapid and quantitative assessment to be used in research and clinical settings.
aging of cardiac stem / progenitor cells ( cscs ) impairs heart regeneration and leads to unsatisfactory outcomes of cell-based therapies.
as the precise mechanisms underlying csc aging remain unclear , the use of therapeutic strategies for elderly patients with heart failure is severely delayed.
human cdcs were isolated from heart failure patients of various ages ( 2-83 years old ) .
gene expression of key soluble factors was compared between cdcs derived from young and elderly patients.
these results suggest the participation of sfrp1 in csc aging.
in addition , co-administration of recombinant sfrp1 could abrogate the accelerated cdc proliferation induced by wnt3a.
taken together , our results suggest that canonical wnt signaling and its antagonist , sfrp1 , regulate proliferation of human cscs.
furthermore , excess sfrp1 in elderly patients causes csc aging.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is strongly associated with microglia-induced neuroinflammation.
particularly , aβ plaque-associated microglia take on an \ "activated \ " morphology.
however , the function and phenotype of these aβ plaque-associated microglia are not well understood.
we show hyperreactivity of aβ plaque-associated microglia upon systemic inflammation in transgenic ad mouse models ( i.e. , 5xfad and app23 ) .
microbial contamination of the generator pocket and or leads by skin flora at the time of implantation is a major mechanism for early cied infections.
the article concludes with concern about the support of observational studies for future randomized clinical trials.
this field also is greatly in a more nuanced comprehension about the applicability in clinical practice of trials ' results derived from well-selected hf population.
however , we did not observe any associations between these smoking indicators and 8-oxodg levels.
in conclusion , this study suggests that smoking-related epigenetic alterations are closely correlated with smoking-induced os.
the identified cpg sites could potentially be prognostic epigenetic markers of os and os-related health outcomes.
our findings and the underlying mechanisms should be followed up in further , preferably longitudinal studies.
we examine a novel device that employs bipolar radiofrequency ( rf ) , intense pulsed light ( ipl ) , and infrared diode laser.
these laser and light source treatments are performed sequentially.
this study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this device ( i.e. , elos triniti™ ) .
twenty-six subjects received four elos triniti™ treatments at 1-month intervals.
they were followed up @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after completing the treatments.
subjects used a 0-10 grading scale for self-assessment of photoaging.
there was a statistically significant improvement in all five aspects of the comprehensive grading scale.
overall , it had excellent efficacy for improving erythema , telangiectasias , and skin texture.
it also had a relatively long effect on improving skin laxity ; however , it had only a limited ability to improve rhytides and dyschromia.
it can mildly to moderately improve the global photoaging.
this global effect can be noted @number@ month after treatment and becomes most clinically apparent @number@ months after treatment.
this is maintained at least @number@ months after treatment.
mi index and sc and d values increased while ei index and tewl values decreased after the treatment.
the subjects ' self-assessment improved by @number@ ± @number@ points.
the overall satisfaction rate was @percent@.
the degree of pain measured @number@ ± @number@ points on average.
there was no downtime and no severe side effects reported.
the field of cartilage repair has exponentially been growing over the past decade.
the critical issues regarding the optimization of the gene silencing approach as well as the delivery strategies are discussed.
studies using functional near infra-red spectroscopy ( fnirs ) reported inconsistent findings of brain activation age-related changes in response to increased task demands.
we aimed to study the effects of aging on gait and prefrontal activation in complex walking tasks with internal and external task demands.
methods : twenty-three healthy young adults ( @number@.9±3.7yrs ) and @number@ healthy older adults ( @number@.7±5.8yrs ) participated in this study.
results : several gait measures were worse in older compared to younger adults under all walking conditions ( p < 0.005 ) .
both groups showed increased activation during dual-task ( p < 0.002 ) and during obstacle negotiation ( p < 0.003 ) .
in this study , the aging of culturable fib and dna representing genetic markers for enterococcus spp.
( ent1a ) , general bacteroides ( gb3 ) , and human-associated bacteroides ( hf183 ) in freshwater sediments was evaluated.
untreated ( ambient ) and oven-dried ( reduced microbiota ) sediment was inoculated with @percent@ sewage and artificial freshwater.
microcosms were held for a 21-day period and sampled on day @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
there were substantial differences in decay among the sediments tested , and decay rates were related to sediment characteristics.
the hf183 marker exhibited decay rates of @number@ to @number@ day human caxii was initially identified as a cancer marker in different cancers and tumors.
expression of caxii is regulated by hypoxia and estrogen receptors.
caxii expression has been also detected in several tissues , whereas in cancer and tumor tissues its expression is several fold higher.
in brain tumors , an alternatively spliced form of caxii is expressed.
higher expression of caxii in breast cancer is indicative of lower grade disease.
caxii plays a key role in several physiological functions.
mutation in the caxii gene causes cystic fibrosis-like syndrome and salt wasting disease.
caxii is also seen in nuclear pulposus cells of the vertebrae.
aging dependent stiffness or degeneration of backbone correlates with caxii expression level.
objective : the aim of the current study was to examine the effect of negative life events and widowhood on the incidence of dementia.
methods : data were from four swedish longitudinal cohort studies with a total of nearly @number@ participants and 8-25 years of follow-up.
seven stressful events were examined for which data were available in all cohorts.
clinical dementia diagnoses were made through medical and psychological examinations.
cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between life events and dementia , adjusting for lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors.
moreover , persons who were widowed and had experienced one or more negative life events were found to have a threefold risk for dementia.
conclusion : widowhood augments the effect of negative life events on dementia incidence and negative life events specifically increase the risk for vascular dementia.
background : literature reports on the effects of resistance training on heat shock protein70 ( hsp70 ) adaptation in older subjects are scarce.
moreover , the optimum training load required to obtain a beneficial adaptation profile is lacking.
serum was available from @number@ out of the @number@ participants at baseline and after 12weeks for determination of ehsp70.
results : there was a sex-related dichotomy in the heat shock response to high external load training.
we observed a significant decrease in ehsp70 concentration in the high group for female , but not male , subjects.
also , the 6mwd was significantly higher in men compared to women at baseline.
however , this difference disappeared when correcting for height.
moreover , the overall functional performance and physical activity scores were similar in men and women.
of the participants ' characteristics nor any of the outcome variables differed between groups at baseline.
there was a significant increase in the strength and physical performance parameters in both men and women post-exercise ( all p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : our results show that resistance training at high external load decreases the resting levels of ehsp70 in older females.
whether this reflects a better health status requires further investigation.
knee pain is commonly seen in orthopedic and rehabilitation outpatient clinical settings.
patients with knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) are often complicated with joint soreness , swelling , weakness , and pain.
these complaints are often caused by the excessive amount of synovial fluid ( sf ) accumulated in the bursae around the knee joint.
in this study , @number@ elderly patients with minor to moderate knee oa combined with supra-patellar bursitis were recruited.
musculoskeletal ultrasound was used for accurate needle placement for the aspiration of sf followed by subsequent prp injections.
three monthly prp injections were performed to the affected knees for a total of 3months.
approximately after the 2nd prp injection , significant decreases in sf total protein concentrations , volumes , and lequesne index values were observed.
sf proteins associated with chelation and anti-aging physiological functions such as matrilin , transthyretin , and complement @number@ increased at least 2-fold in concentrations.
therefore , at least two monthly prp injections may be beneficial for treating patients with minor to moderate knee oa combined with supra-patellar bursitis.
specimens produced for mechanical properties evaluation were also analyzed before and after the 60-day intra-oral aging.
the data were analyzed using two-way anova and tukey hsd's post hoc test ( α = 0.05 ) .
weibull analysis was used to evaluate the strength reliability.
both y-tzp ceramics suffered t→m phase transformation after 60-day intra-oral aging ( plus = 4.7% / frame = 7.7% ) .
sem and afm analyses showed dislodgement of zro background : bradykinesia and reduced neuromuscular force exist in parkinson disease.
this study aimed to evaluate quadriceps femoris rate of force development and quantify potential central and peripheral activation deficits in individuals with parkinson disease.
quadriceps femoris voluntary and stimulated maximal force and rate of force development were evaluated using the interpolated twitch technique.
findings : thirteen participants satisfactorily completed the protocol.
no significant differences were found between groups for all other variables.
interpretations : persons with mild-to-moderate parkinson disease display disparities in rate of force development , even without deficits in maximal force.
age is the most important risk factor for most diseases.
mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism.
in addition , several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing.
dysfunctional mitochondria generating less atp have been observed in various aged organs.
furthermore , abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence.
among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high-energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content.
therefore , the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle.
in this article , we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function.
finally , novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
objectives : the aim of the study was to assess inappropriate antihypertensive prescriptions to older patients.
primary care and hospital electronic records were reviewed for htn diagnoses , antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure readings.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( median age @number@ years , @percent@ female ) had htn.
@percent@ received antihypertensive monotherapy , @percent@ received no hypertensive treatment , and the remainder received a combination of antihypertensive therapies.
potentially inappropriate prescription was observed in @percent@ of patients ( @percent@ overprescription and @percent@ underprescription ) .
the most frequent inappropriately prescribed drugs were calcium antagonists ( overprescribed ) , aceis and beta-blockers ( underprescribed ) .
conclusion : potentially inappropriate prescription was detected in more than half of patients receiving antihypertensive treatment.
underprescription was more frequent than overprescription.
aceis and beta-blockers were frequently underprescribed and were associated with heart failure admissions.
developmental structural neuroimaging studies in humans have long described decreases in gray matter volume ( gmv ) and cortical thickness ( ct ) during adolescence.
gray matter density ( gmd ) , a measure often assumed to be highly related to volume , has not been systematically investigated in development.
nonlinear models revealed that each modality exhibits unique age-related effects and sex differences.
while gmv and ct generally decrease with age , gmd increases and shows the strongest age-related effects , while gmm shows a slight decline overall.
females have lower gmv but higher gmd than males throughout the brain.
this work highlights the need for combined quantitative histological mri studies.
participants completed functional mri ( fmri ) at baseline and trial completion.
during the fmri sessions , behavioural performance on the eriksen flanker task and task-evoked neural activity were assessed.
moreover , compared with the controls , the aerobic training group demonstrated reduced activation in the left lateral occipital cortex and right superior temporal gyrus.
reduced activity in these brain regions was significantly associated with improved ( ie , faster ) flanker task performance at trial completion.
summary : aerobic training among older adults with mild sivci can improve executive functions and neural efficiency of associated brain areas.
future studies with greater sample size should be completed to replicate and extend these findings.
defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions , including cancer , and normal processes , such as aging.
they are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes.
inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules , liposomes , membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer.
clinical trials have shown the benefits of membrane lipid replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : membrane lipid therapy : drugs targeting biomembranes edited by pablo v. escribá.
telomeres are a repeated sequence -of bases found at the ends of chromosomes.
in humans , this sequence is ttaggg , which is repeated over @number@ times.
telomeres protect the ends chromosomes from fusion with nearby chromosomes , and allow effective replication of dna.
each time a cell divides , 25-200 base pairs are lost from the terminal sequence of chromosomes.
by becoming truncated during cell division , telomeres protect essential genes from being shortened and thus inactivated.
in addition , telomeres are sensitive to inflammation and oxidative stress , which can further promote telomere shortening.
reduction in the length of telomeres leads to the cessation of cell division and thus cellular senescence and apoptosis.
this review discusses evidence for the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in regulating the length of telomeres in mammalian cells during senescence.
evidence is presented suggesting that antioxidants and anti-inflammatories can reduce the pace of shortening of telomere length during aging.
the distinctive properties of transformed cells suggest that treatment with such materials will have a deleterious rather than a protective effect on such abnormal cells.
objectives : self-perceived quality of life ( qol ) is an important outcome indicator in schizophrenia and a predictor of symptomatic and functional improvement.
mean follow-up was @number@ months ( range 12-116 months ) ; @percent@ were men ; @percent@ were white.
we identified @number@ potential predictor variables and used the quality of life index ( qli ) to assess qol.
results : there were no significant group differences in the qli at baseline and follow-up.
however , @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ of persons exhibited > @number@ effect size increase or decrease , or no change , respectively.
conclusion : in many persons with ssd , qol is not static in later life and one third improved their qol.
effectively treating depressive symptoms and encouraging religious participation may improve qol.
importantly , it has been suggested that lncrnas can regulate chromatin alteration , messenger rna stability , microrna action , and can control transcription factors.
background : aldehyde dehydrogenases ( aldhs ) play a major role in detoxification of aldehydes.
high expression of aldhs is a marker for stem cells of many organs including the lungs.
the effect of this aldh2 polymorphism on the lung and its stem cells has not been thoroughly examined.
methods : we examined the association between the aldh2 2 allele and lung function parameters in a population of healthy individuals.
we also examined its association with the incidence of asthma and copd in patient cohorts.
the aim of this intervention trial is to identify care needs of people with dementia suffering from pain living in a nursing home.
healthcare workers will be individually trained how to assess , intervene and evaluate acute and chronic pain.
there is also a process evaluation based on dobbins analyses that analyse in particular the potentials for change in clinical practice of change agents.
discussion : the aim of the intervention trial is to improve pain management strategies in older people with dementia in nursing homes.
clinically significant findings will be expected that will help reduce suffering in the sense of \ "total pain \ " for people with dementia.
nursing homes can integrate the findings from the intervention trial into their internal quality control process.
the potential for improvements can be directly influenced by the nursing home itself.
trial registration : registration trial number : drks00009726 on drks , registered @date@ , retrorespectively registered.
the results suggest that , across all conditions , younger adults generated more internal details than older adults.
however , older adults generated more external details for episodic future and counterfactual thinking than younger adults.
methodological and theoretical consequences for extant theories of mental simulation are discussed.
a single copy of klotho allele kl-vs is associated with longevity , better health , increased cognition , and bigger regional brain volume.
however , its longitudinal effects on cognition and brain volumes , both global and regional , in late life are unclear.
the kl-vs heterozygote survival and white matter volume disadvantages were unexpected.
the longitudinal cognitive trajectories indicate that heterozygotes would have an advantage in very late life.
collectively these results suggest that the genotype-survival advantage of the kl-vs allele is age-dependent and possibly mediated through differential cognition and brain volume.
percentage of whole-brain volume change ( pbvc ) and ventricular expansion over @number@ months were assessed with fsl-siena and ventricular enlargement ( viena ) respectively.
these findings suggest that longitudinal mri measurements have potential to serve as surrogate markers to complement clinical assessments for future disease-modifying trials in pd.
we reviewed the neuronal mechanisms of how healthy old and young adults acquire motor skills as assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
in addition , short-interval intracortical inhibition ( sici ) is reduced in old but not young adults , but only after visuomotor practice.
an open question concerns how these processes support cognitive flexibility in rule-switching tasks.
our results indicate that rule switching differentially impacts two key processes underlying cognitive control in children and adults.
we discuss these findings in the context of a contemporary model of cognitive control.
aging is attended by a progressive decline in protein homeostasis ( proteostasis ) , aggravating the risk for protein aggregation diseases.
we observed that chip deficiency leads to increased levels of the insulin receptor ( insr ) and reduced lifespan of worms and flies.
the membrane-bound insr regulates the insulin and igf1 signaling ( iis ) pathway and thereby defines metabolism and aging.
insr is a direct target of chip , which triggers receptor monoubiquitylation and endocytic-lysosomal turnover to promote longevity.
developing microwave systems for biomedical applications requires accurate dielectric properties of biological tissues for reliable modeling before prototyping and subject testing.
in this article , an age-dependent formula to predict the dielectric properties of biological tissues was derived.
the derived formula shows that the concentration of water in each tissue type can be modeled as a negative exponential function of age.
moreover , the formula was validated on pig tissues of different ages.
a close agreement was achieved between the calculated and measured data with a maximum difference of only @percent@.
bioelectromagnetics.
38 : 474-481 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
long interspersed element @number@ ( l1 ) is an autonomous non-ltr retroelement that is active in mammalian genomes.
using bioinformatic analysis , we identified over a thousand of human l1 loci containing at least one stop codon in their orf1 sequence.
rnaseq analysis confirmed that many of these loci are expressed.
we demonstrate that introduction of equivalent stop codons in the full-length human l1 sequence leads to the expression of truncated orf1 proteins.
when supplied in trans some truncated human orf1 proteins suppress human l1 retrotransposition.
we demonstrate that the expression levels and length of truncated orf1 proteins influence their ability to suppress l1 retrotransposition.
an additional novel locus ( spryd7 / dleu2 ) was identified for whradjbmi when combined with european gwas.
for four of the novel variants , the minor allele frequency was low ( < 5% ) .
the lead variants in @number@ of these loci had a high probability of being causal.
trans-ethnic meta-analyses further improved fine mapping of putative causal variants in loci shared between the african and european ancestry populations.
collagens and hyaluronic acid have long been used in pharmaceuticals and food supplements for the improvement of skin elasticity and hydration.
these compounds provide the building blocks of the skin.
ovoderm is an oral supplement obtained from eggshells that contains naturally occurring collagen and glycosaminoglycans , such as hyaluronic acid.
we evaluated the efficacy of ovoderm on skin biophysical parameters related to cutaneous aging such as elasticity , hydration , and pigmentation.
two pilot studies were run to assess the effect of daily oral supplementation with @number@ mg ovoderm on skin parameters.
the first consisted of a self-assessment questionnaire intended to perform an assessment on skin , hair , and nail health after @number@ days of treatment.
the second measured the effect of 5-week treatment on hydration by corneometry , on elasticity with the cutometer , and on pigmentation with the mexameter.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves numerous cellular and biochemical mechanisms resulting in synaptic alterations and extensive neuronal loss.
it is primarily characterized by impairment of memory , associated frequently with mood disorders.
continuous studies have shown that insula may be an important target of ad , but neuropathological alterations have not been described extensively.
large vessel ischemic stroke represents the most disabling subtype.
while t-pa and endovascular thrombectomy can recanalize the occluded vessel , good clinical outcomes are not uniformly achieved.
we propose that supplementing endovascular thrombectomy with superselective intra-arterial ( ia ) verapamil immediately following recanalization could be safe and effective.
verapamil , a calcium channel blocker , has been shown to be an effective ia adjunct in a pre-clinical mouse focal ischemia model.
to demonstrate translational efficacy , mechanism , feasibility , and safety , we conducted a group of translational experiments.
we performed in vivo ia dose-response evaluation in our animal stroke model with c57 / bl6 mice.
we evaluated neuroprotective mechanism through in vitro primary cortical neuron ( pcn ) cultures.
finally , we performed a phase i trial , saver-i , to evaluate feasibility and safety of administration in the human condition.
another aim is to understand how a high pathogen burden influences health and well-being during development and adulthood.
a third aim addresses how modernization shapes human life histories and sociality.
here we outline the project's goals , history , and main findings since its inception in @number@
in japan , which is becoming a super-aging society , the method of performing minimally invasive operations remains a major issue.
at our facility , we have been performing abdominal debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair ( tevar ) to resolve these issues.
hybrid tevar was performed in @number@ cases of aortic aneurysm and chronic dissection of the thoracoabdominal field between @number@ and @number@
abdominal debranching and tevar were performed as a 2-stage procedure.
hybrid repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is a good option for elderly , high-risk patients because the early and late results are acceptable.
we quantified recent consumption at examination @number@ and cumulative consumption by averaging across examinations.
surveillance for incident events commenced at examination @number@ and continued for @number@ years.
we observed @number@ cases of incident stroke ( @number@ ischemic ) and @number@ cases of incident dementia ( @number@ consistent with alzheimer's disease ) .
sugar-sweetened beverages were not associated with stroke or dementia.
conclusions : artificially sweetened soft drink consumption was associated with a higher risk of stroke and dementia.
oxidative damage contributes to human diseases of aging including diabetes , cancer , and cardiovascular disorders.
study selection : search terms included community-based interventions , physical functioning , and cancer survivors.
a reference librarian trained in systematic reviews conducted the final search.
data extraction : four reviewers evaluated eligibility and @number@ reviewers evaluated methodological quality.
random- or fixed-effects models were conducted to obtain overall effect size per physical function measure.
data synthesis : fourteen studies met inclusion criteria and were used to compute standardized mean differences using the inverse variance statistical method.
the median sample size was @number@ participants.
most of the studies ( n = 7 ) were conducted among breast cancer survivors.
community-based interventions that met in groups and used behavioral change strategies produced the largest effect sizes.
conclusions : home and community-based physical activity interventions may be a potential tool to combat functional deterioration among aging cancer survivors.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : participants ' daily environment.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : postal questionnaires were completed by the adults or their proxies ( n = 9 ) .
in the same period , most adults continued to report good general health ( 93%-86% ; p = .148 ) .
over a 14-year period , mobility and self-care deteriorated ( barthel index , @number@.1±4.8 to @number@.3±5.6 ; p = .007 ) .
walking performance , specifically indoors , declined ( 83%-71% ; p = .010 ) .
conclusions : adults with cp experienced deterioration in health outcomes in the long term.
most notably , perceived health and functional level decreased.
pain and severe fatigue were the most common health issues in adult cp.
more research is required to explore the mechanisms at work in the process of aging in persons with cp.
systematic follow-up of adults with cp appears necessary to timely detect and intervene in health problems and functional decline.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia.
as the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology are largely unknown , this cardiac arrhythmia remains difficult to treat.
we showed that @number@ genes had altered basal expression level in la tissue of af patients compared with the control group.
in addition , its expression was inversely correlated with la size.
we demonstrated that af is associated with pitx2 promoter hypermethylation both in humans and arrhythmic aging spontaneously hypertensive rats.
in this second of @number@ manuscripts , data are presented on specific health care dimensions that contribute to the overall burden of skin disease.
dermatologists provided approximately @percent@ of office visit care and performed nearly @percent@ of cutaneous surgeries.
an 80-year-old man developed dysarthria , quadriplegia , sensory disturbance and ataxia in all limbs.
brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) revealed multiple enhanced lesions.
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) levels of adenosine deaminase ( ada ) remarkably elevated.
tuberculosis dna was not detected , and tuberculosis was not cultured either in the csf.
brain biopsy revealed the inflammatory demyelinating lesions.
with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis , corticosteroid therapy resulted in rapid improvement of his symptoms and mri abnormalities.
csf levels of ada also decreased.
multiple sclerosis should be included in differential diagnosis of disorders with ada elevation in the csf.
glial activation results in the sustained production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species , giving rise to a chronic inflammatory process.
astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and are involved in the neuroinflammation.
astrocytes can be activated by numerous factors , including free saturated fatty acids , pathogens , lipopolysaccharide , and oxidative stress.
activation of astrocytes produces inflammatory cytokines and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 , enhancing the production of aβ.
however , modulation of p-glycoprotein , rather than antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects , could be the major mechanism of polyphenolic compounds , including flavonoids.
curcumin , resvertrol , piperine , and other polyphenols have been explored as novel therapeutic and preventive agents for ad.
the impact of dietary habits on our health is indisputable.
consumer's concern on aging and age-related diseases challenges scientists to underline the potential role of food on the extension and guarantee of lifespan and healthspan.
methods : a systematic literature search was conducted of publications dated @number@ to @number@
data were extracted and results were synthesised using forest plots and narrative summary.
there was consistent evidence that more women than men walk for leisure , although effect sizes were small.
prospero registration : prospero registration number : crd42015025961 .
background : the united states has the highest incarceration rate in the world which has created a public health crisis.
correctional facilities have become a front line for mental health care.
public health research in this setting could inform criminal justice reform.
we determined prevalence rates for mental illnesses and related comorbidities among all inmates in a state prison system.
methods : cross-sectional study using the iowa corrections offender network which contains health records of all inmates in iowa.
results : the average inmate ( n = @number@ ) age was @number@ ± @number@ years ; @percent@ were ≥50 years.
females had higher odds of having both a mental illness and substance use disorder.
almost all mental illness diagnoses were first made during incarceration ( @percent@ ) .
the mean interval to diagnosis of depression , anxiety , ptsd and personality disorders were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months respectively.
almost @percent@ of mental illnesses were recognized by the @number@ conclusions : there is a substantial burden of mental illness among inmates.
racial , age and gender disparities in mental health care are coupled with a general delay in diagnosis and treatment.
a large part of understanding the mental health problem in this country starts at prisons.
background : falls remain the leading cause of injury , long-term disability , premature institutionalization , and injury-related mortality in the older adult population.
home modifications , when delivered by occupational therapists , can reduce falls among high-risk community-dwelling older adults by @percent@.
however , home-modification implementation is not standard practice in the united states.
secondary outcomes include daily activity performance , fall self-efficacy , and health-related quality of life.
fidelity , dose , adherence , safety , cost , and health care utilization will also be examined in the implementation component of this study.
discussion : this intervention targets an underserved , difficult to reach population of older adults.
the tailored approach of the study intervention is a strength in improving adherence , as each recommendation is individualized to be acceptable to the participant.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02392013 .
retrospectively registered on @date@ .
a short form , the mini-bestest , was developed as a screening test.
concurrent validity was assessed against the fes-i using spearman's rho.
the concurrent validity measured against the fes-i showed moderate correlation.
the results are comparable with earlier studies and indicate that the norwegian versions can be used in daily clinic and in research.
with our country going into the aging society , burns in the elderly often occur.
studies have shown that the number of elderly burn patients has reached @percent@ to @percent@ of the total number of burn patients.
at present , there is still a lack of enough attention to the elderly burn patients.
design : nationally representative surveys of caregivers and older adults in the united states.
setting : @number@ national health and aging trends study and national study of caregiving.
measurements : caregiver burden ( emotional , physical , financial difficulties ) and restrictions on social participation.
there was a significant linear association between number of tasks provided and risk of burden in virtually all caregiver groups and domains of assistance.
conclusion : caregivers of care recipients without dementia or disability accounted for the largest absolute number of helpers.
findings support the need for interventions that address the needs of caregivers who have not typically been defined as high risk.
δnp63αplays key roles in cell survival and proliferation.
so its expression is always tightly controlled in cells.
we previously reported that dna damage down-regulates transcription of δnp63αin fadu and hacat cells , which contributes to cell apoptosis.
further investigation revealed that transcription of wwp1 is stimulated by dna damage in these cells.
knock-down of wwp1 abrogates dna damage-induced down-regulation of δnp63αand partially rescues cell apoptosis.
our study demonstrates a novel pathway which regulates δnp63αupon cellular response to chemotherapeutic agents.
cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis , but little is known about the underlying mechanism.
we have reported that the yeast homolog of pkm2 , pyk1 phosphorylates h3t11 to regulate gene expression and oxidative stress resistance.
but how glycolysis regulates h3t11 phosphorylation remains unclear.
further study demonstrated that glycolysis regulates h3t11 phosphorylation by fueling the substrate , phosphoenonylpyruvate and the coactivator , fbp to pyk1.
thus , our results provide a comprehensive view of how glycolysis modulates h3t11 phosphorylation.
the neet proteins mitoneet ( mnt ) and nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 ( naf-1 ) are required for cancer cell proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress.
nevertheless , it is unknown whether these two proteins directly interact in cells , and how they mediate their function.
we further show using an in vitro cluster transfer assay that mnt can transfer its clusters to naf-1.
total brain volume and a further seven regions were assessed , including lobar volumes , lateral divisions , and separated grey and white matter.
our results present the heritability of brain volume in middle to advanced age as possibly higher in east asian adults.
neck pain is a major component of current clinical clearance guidelines , but some older adults with c-spine fractures report no neck pain after injury.
the objective of this study was to investigate the frequency at which c-spine fractures were unassociated with neck pain in an aging population.
methods : a retrospective review was performed for patients @number@ years or older with a c-spine fracture during a 4-year study period.
differences between groups were assessed with kruskal-wallis and χ tests.
results : of @number@ patients with c-spine fractures , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were asymptomatic and reported no neck pain on presentation or on examination.
twenty-two percent of the symptomatic group and @percent@ of the asymptomatic group required halo , fusion , or other surgical intervention.
the presence or absence of pain may be an unreliable indicator of c-spine fracture in an aging population.
when used in conjunction with existing clearance guidelines , denial of pain may lead to missed injury.
we recommend liberal c-spine imaging for older trauma patients with significant mechanism of trauma.
level of evidence : therapeutic study , level iii.
discussion : changes are needed in practice , research , and education.
vascular calcification represents the deposition of calcium phosphate salts in the tunica media of the vascular wall.
it occurs during aging but is accelerated and pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus , chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and established cardiovascular disease.
due to the loss of elasticity of the vessel wall , vascular calcification might result in left ventricular hypertrophy and compromise coronary perfusion.
accordingly , several studies showed that vascular calcification is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
accumulating data suggest that micrornas ( mirs ) play an important role in vascular calcification.
a variety of mirs have been implicated in the development of vascular calcification , whereas others appear to play a protective role.
accordingly , mirs might represent promising targets for the prevention of vascular calcification and its adverse cardiovascular sequelae.
as a result , health care expenditures are expected to increase.
we believe that the success of public health interventions , such as those for tuberculosis , can be translated to hcv infection.
new york city has many hcv-infected residents and has developed a public health approach to controlling the hcv epidemic.
physician-assisted death is now legal in california , and similar laws are being considered in many other states.
we convened a conference of @number@ stakeholders in @date@ , and herein present their recommendations.
hyposalivation ( hs ) affects aging individuals by causing pain and discomfort in the oral cavity.
the aim here was to determine the impact of hyposalivation and the saliva ph on the quality of life and caries status of geriatrics population.
a total of @number@ male outpatients attending the taibah university college of dentistry ( tucod ) dental clinic were included in the study.
the saliva flow , ph , quality of life ( qol ) , and caries status were recorded.
the mean age was @number@ years and @percent@ were classified as having hyposalivation.
the older respondents tended to have a lower saliva flow and ph compared to their younger counterparts.
there was a significant inverse association ( objectives : filipino americans form the second-largest asian american and pacific islanders subgroup.
growing evidence suggests that filipino americans have higher rates of diabetes than non-hispanic whites.
the study sample was restricted to non-obese filipino americans ( n = @number@ ) and non-hispanic whites ( n = @number@ @number@ ) .
discussion : diabetes prevention approaches need to be targeted towards non-obese filipino americans , due to their high risk of diabetes.
objective : prior work shows that discrimination is associated with a wide array of negative health outcomes.
however , the biological mechanisms through which this link occurs require more study.
we evaluated the association between discrimination and leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ; a biological marker of systemic aging ) .
multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate whether discrimination was independently associated with ltl.
we also considered the role of potential confounders including sociodemographic factors , health factors , depressive symptoms , and stress.
this association persisted in analyses that further adjusted for health factors , depressive symptoms , and stress.
conclusion : results suggest that discrimination experiences accelerate biological aging in older african american males and females , alike.
this finding helps advance our understanding of how discrimination generates greater disease vulnerability and premature death in african americans.
this article aims to assess health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) and its correlates for the elderly , using a cross-sectional study design.
data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analyses.
the eq-5d index of the elderly was found to be @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval = @number@.862-0.880 ) .
current and future policies for improving hrqol in old age should be extended to cover the most vulnerable groups.
methods : data on mortality and population were collected from the world health organization mortality database and from the united nations population prospects database.
age-standardized mortality rates ( asmrs ) were calculated by means of direct standardization.
we applied joinpoint regression analysis to identify trends.
between-country disparities were examined using between-country variance and the gini coefficient.
due to low numbers of deaths , we smoothed the asmrs using a 3-year moving average.
changes in the number of ra deaths between @number@ and @number@ were decomposed using @number@ counterfactual scenarios.
the mean asmr decreased from @number@ million person-years in 1987-1989 to @number@ million person-years in 2009-2011 ( @percent@ reduction ) .
a reduction of ≥25% in the asmr occurred in @number@ countries , while a corresponding increase was observed in @number@ countries.
there was a persistent reduction in ra mortality , and on average , the asmr declined by @percent@ per year.
the absolute and relative between-country disparities decreased during the study period.
conclusion : the rates of mortality attributable to ra have declined globally.
however , we observed substantial between-country disparities in ra mortality , although these disparities decreased over time.
design : systematic review and meta-analysis.
setting : observational and interventional studies.
participants : individuals with no dementia or cognitive impairment initially.
standardized mean differences ( smds ) were used for cognitive test scores in rcts.
this review primarily focuses on observed associations between loy in blood and various diseases in aging men.
pubmed , cinahl , and psycinfo were searched for studies published between @date@ and @date@ .
all included studies were assessed for comprehensiveness of reporting , and a thematic synthesis of their results was performed.
results : the nine included studies differed in terms of qualitative method used , comprehensiveness of reporting , and geographical origin.
conclusion : despite their willingness to be involved in a shared decision-making process , older residents and their families still have little experience with acp.
background : the performance of alcohol septal ablation ( asa ) in elderly symptomatic patients with drug-refractory obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is still to be confirmed.
the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of asa in patients under and over @number@ years old.
twenty-eight patients were over @number@ years old.
left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at rest , use of diuretic and average dose of diuretic were higher in patients over @number@ years old.
there was no difference in hospital stay between patients under and over @number@ years old.
among patients over @number@ years old , @number@ ( @percent@ ) died before being discharged.
reduced mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) gene expression and coding region variation have frequently been reported as being associated with the development of presbycusis.
the mtdna control region regulates gene expression and replication of the genome of this organelle.
methods : a total of @number@ presbycusis patients and @number@ control subjects were enrolled in the study after examination by the otolaryngologist and audiology tests.
variations in the mtdna control region were investigated by polymerase chain reaction and sanger sequencing.
moreover , these variants have potential as diagnostic markers for individuals at a high risk of developing presbycusis.
ageing drives changes in neuronal and cognitive function , the decline of which is a major feature of many neurological disorders.
with advancing age , synapses in various hippocampal subfields exhibit impaired long-term potentiation , an electrophysiological correlate of learning and memory.
we hypothesized that plasma of an early developmental stage , namely umbilical cord plasma , provides a reservoir of such plasticity-promoting proteins.
here we show that human cord plasma treatment revitalizes the hippocampus and improves cognitive function in aged mice.
depletion experiments in aged mice revealed timp2 to be necessary for the cognitive benefits conferred by cord plasma.
our findings reveal that human cord plasma contains plasticity-enhancing proteins of high translational value for targeting ageing- or disease-associated hippocampal dysfunction.
tauopathies are a group of disorders in which the cytosolic protein tau aggregates and accumulates in cells within the brain , resulting in neurodegeneration.
a promising treatment being explored for tauopathies is passive immunization with anti-tau antibodies.
we previously found that administration of an anti-tau antibody to human tau transgenic mice increased the concentration of plasma tau.
we further explored the effects of administering an anti-tau antibody on plasma tau.
as tau transgenic mice accumulated insoluble tau in the brain , brain soluble and interstitial fluid tau decreased.
tau transgenic mice subjected to acute neuronal injury using 3-nitropropionic acid showed increased interstitial fluid tau and plasma tau.
although the cause of sporadic inclusion body myositis is unknown , gne myopathy is associated with mutations in gne.
gne harbors two enzymatic activities required for biosynthesis of sialic acid in mammalian cells.
mutations to both gne domains are linked to gne myopathy.
however , correlation between mutation-associated reductions in sialic acid production and disease severity is imperfect.
to investigate other potential effects of gne mutations , we compared sialic acid production in cell lines expressing wild type or mutant forms of gne.
in addition to exhibiting low levels of sialylation , gne-deficient cells produced distinct
immunity to pneumococcal infections is impaired in older people , and current vaccines are poorly protective against pneumococcal disease in this population.
naturally acquired immunity to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides develops during childhood and is robust in young adults but deteriorates with advanced age.
in particular , antibody levels and function are reduced in older people.
pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for people > 65 years old.
background : olfactory disorders increase with age and often affect elderly people who have pre-dementia or dementia.
results : olfactory disorder assessment is a promising method for improving both the early and differential diagnosis of alzheimer's disease.
conclusion : otolaryngologists are encouraged to use olfactory tests in older adults to help predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
olfactory tests should be specifically adapted to assess olfactory disorders in alzheimer's disease patients.
encouraging residents to engage in more physical activity could deliver benefits in terms of physical and psychological health , and quality of life.
assessment will be undertaken with participating residents at baseline ( prior to care home randomisation ) and at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months post-randomisation.
details of national health service ( nhs ) usage will be collected to inform the economic analysis.
an embedded process evaluation will obtain information to test out the theory of change underpinning the intervention and its acceptability to staff and residents.
it will provide valuable information to inform research procedures in this important but challenging area.
trial registration : isrctn registry , isrctn16076575 .
registered on @date@ .
mutations of the lamin a gene cause various premature aging syndromes , including hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) and atypical werner syndrome.
in hgps ( but not atypical werner syndrome ) , extensive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells leads to myocardial infarction with premature death.
the underlying mechanisms how single gene mutations can cause various phenotypes are largely unknown.
we performed an interactome analysis using mutant forms of lamin a involved in progeroid syndromes.
in contrast , wild-type lamin a and lamin a mutants causing atypical werner syndrome were able to bind to these molecules.
deletion of p53 also improved the inhibition of cell growth due to forced expression of progerin.
we propose that host interactions with microbes are critical for establishing the immune landscape of the lungs.
a diverse t cell receptor ( tcr ) repertoire is essential for controlling viral infections.
however , information about tcr repertoires to defined viral antigens is limited.
objective : to determine the efficacy and safety of propranolol compared with steroid as a first-line treatment for ih.
all participants were diagnosed with ih between @date@ and @date@ , had normal heart function , and had not been previously treated for ih.
interventions : the participants were randomly assigned to either the propranolol group or the steroid group.
while comparing the effect of medication between the groups , we monitored the adverse effects of both drugs.
guardians for @number@ patients in the steroid group withdrew their consent , and @number@ patient in the propranolol group did not complete the efficacy test.
because the difference in response rate between the groups was @percent@ , propranolol was considered noninferior.
we found that there was no difference between the groups in safety outcomes.
conclusions and relevance : our trial demonstrated that propranolol was not inferior to steroid with respect to therapeutic effects in ih.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01908972.
importance : osteoporotic fractures are a leading cause of disability , costs , and mortality.
frax is a tool used to assess fracture risk in the general population.
objective : to examine the association of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use with osteoporotic fracture risk in routine clinical practice.
cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the risk for incident fractures based on mental disorders and use of psychotropic medications.
data analysis was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : incident nontraumatic major osteoporotic fractures ( mofs ) and hip fractures.
frax significantly underestimated the 10-year risk of mof by @percent@ and of hip fracture by @percent@ for those with depression.
frax correctly estimated fracture risk in people without mental disorders and those not taking psychotropic medications.
depression and psychotropic medication use are potential risk indicators that are independent of frax estimates.
human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty that profoundly affects the immune system.
in this context aging is associated with declines in adaptive and innate immunity established as immunosenescence.
immunosenescence is a new concept that reflects the age-associated restructuring changes of innate and adaptive immune functions.
thus elderly individuals usually present chronic low-level inflammation , higher infection rates and chronic diseases.
a study of alterations in the immune system during aging could provide a potentially useful biomarker for the evaluation of immune senescence treatment.
the immune system is the result of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity , yet the impact of aging on this function is unclear.
in this article the function of the immune system during aging is explored.
the subthalamic nucleus ( stn ) plays a crucial role in the surgical treatment of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
however , these findings are based on young healthy individuals , and require validation in elderly individuals and persons suffering from pd.
we found that stns were more difficult to delineate in pd as reflected by a lower inter-rater agreement when compared to hcs.
no stn size differences were observed between the groups.
analyses of quantitative susceptibility mapping ( qsm ) images showed a higher inter-rater agreement reflected by increased dice-coefficients.
the location of the center of mass of the stn was not affected by contrast.
overall , contrast-to-noise ratios ( cnr ) were higher in qsm than in t2 -weighted images.
this can at least partially , explain the higher inter-rater agreement in qsm.
the current results indicate that the calculation of qsm contrasts contributes to an improved visualization of the entire stn.
we conclude that qsm contrast is the preferred choice for the visualization of the stn in persons with pd as well as in aging hc.
deposition of perirenal adipose tissue has been associated with adverse renal and cardiovascular events.
voluntary overweight and obese subjects undergoing a ct-scan for diagnostic purposes were included in the study.
perirenal adipose tissue volume , adipose tissue area of the renal sinus and perirenal fat thickness were manually measured bilaterally.
perirenal fat thickness was better correlated with perirenal fat volume than adipose area of the renal sinus ( p < 0.02 ) .
the adipose area of the renal sinus did not correlate with any anthropometric measures.
in women , perirenal fat volume and thickness showed a negative correlation with sc-fat thickness and no correlation with waist circumference.
in men , perirenal fat volume and thickness showed a positive correlation with waist circumference and no correlation with subcutaneous fat thickness.
the adipose area of the renal sinus did not correlate with any anthropometric measure.
nuclear lamins support the nuclear envelope and provide anchorage sites for chromatin.
they are involved in dna synthesis , transcription , and replication.
it has previously been reported that the lack of lamin a / c expression in lymphoma and leukaemia is due to cpg island promoter hypermethylation.
here , we provide evidence that lamin a / c is silenced via this mechanism in a subset of neuroblastoma cells.
moreover , lamin a / c expression can be restored with a demethylating agent.
importantly , lamin a / c reintroduction reduced cell growth kinetics and impaired migration , invasion , and anchorage-independent cell growth.
cytoskeletal restructuring was also induced.
in addition , the introduction of lamin δ50 , known as progerin , caused senescence in these neuroblastoma cells.
these cells were stiffer and developed a cytoskeletal structure that differed from that observed upon lamin a / c introduction.
of relevance , short hairpin rna lamin a / c depletion in unmethylated neuroblastoma cells enhanced the aforementioned tumour properties.
a cytoskeletal structure similar to that observed in methylated cells was induced.
furthermore , atomic force microscopy revealed that lamin a / c knockdown decreased cellular stiffness in the lamellar region.
additionally , these findings may have treatment implications because tumour cells lacking lamin a / c exhibit more aggressive behaviour.
lifespan is a complex trait , and longitudinal data for humans are naturally scarce.
except for smoking , the causative contribution of these variables to mortality was deemed inconclusive.
the latter two , together with albumin and fibrinogen , aligned with an \ "integrated albunemia \ " model of aging proposed recently.
accurate methods to assess the pathogenicity of mutations are needed to fully leverage the possibilities of genome sequencing in diagnosis.
manually segmenting wmhs in large cohorts is technically unfeasible due to time and accuracy concerns.
automated tools that can detect wmhs robustly and with high accuracy are needed.
here , we present and validate a fully automatic technique for segmentation and volumetric quantification of wmhs in aging and ad.
it provides both a continuous subject specific wmh map reflecting different levels of tissue damage and binary segmentations.
robustness across different scanners was validated using ten subjects from adni2 / go study.
the proposed method was robust in the independent sample yielding si = 0.64±0.17 with icc = 0.93 for adni2 / go subjects.
although the field of frailty research has expanded rapidly , it is still a nascent concept within the clinical specialties.
research questions to advance frailty research into specialty medicine are proposed.
this study aims at assessing whether oxldl modifies the relationship between ggt , all-cause , and cv mortality in elderly individuals from the general population.
design : observational longitudinal study.
setting : population-based cohort of older individuals ( > 65 years ) free of liver disease.
participants : one thousand and thirty-eight individuals from the invecchiare in chianti ( inchianti ) study.
measurements : serum ggt level , oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( oxldl ) , cv comorbidities , all-cause and cv mortality.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ individuals died , @number@ of them ( @percent@ ) for cv causes.
furthermore , in an analysis for interaction circulating oxldl amplified the effect of ggt on all-cause mortality ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : circulating oxldl amplifies the effect of ggt on mortality in the elderly.
the mechanism for this association remains unknown and requires further research , including studying the potential role of ggt in oxidative stress.
introduction : scientific evidence indicates that adherence to the mediterranean diet protects against the deterioration of cognitive status and depressive symptoms during aging.
however , few studies have been conducted in elderly non-institutionalized subjects.
adherence to the mediterranean dietary pattern was determined using the mediterranean diet adherence screener ( medas ) .
results : most of population showed a very high adherence to the mediterranean diet pattern and optimal cognitive and affective status.
a significant relation between the medas and mmse scores was found.
however , no relationship was observed between the medas and gds.
human longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by genetic and environmental components.
unraveling the contribution of genetic vs. nongenetic factors to longevity is a challenging task.
here , we conducted a large-scale rna-sequencing-based expression quantitative trait loci study ( eqtl ) with subsequent heritability analysis.
our eqtl-based approach revealed for the first time that human longevity is associated with a depletion of metabolic pathways in a genotype-dependent and independent manner.
further analyses indicated that @percent@ of the differentially expressed genes are influenced by genetic variants in cis.
the subsequent study of twins showed that the transcriptional activity of a third of the differentially regulated genes is heritable.
this view is supported by observational studies as well as by small-scale clinical trials.
in this review , we summarize the available evidence on the beneficial effects of behavioral interventions on sarcopenia.
it has been reported that low cell-cholesterol efflux capacity ( cec ) of hdl is an independent risk factor for cvd.
design : population-based cohort study.
setting : participants were recruited from the german federal state of saarland.
the total sample consisted of @number@ individuals aged 50-75 years ( @percent@ men , mean age @number@ years ) at baseline ( @date@ ) .
the median follow-up time was @number@ years.
methods : cox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident t2dm.
using the baron and kenny approach , we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident t2dm with the potential mediators.
the contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated.
overall , the mediators explained @percent@ of the relationship.
currently , many immigrants are disqualified from canada's public pension scheme because of residency requirements.
in addition , decades of low income and labour market exclusion prohibit many canadian immigrants from building adequate private pension savings throughout their working life.
together , these factors present serious concerns for immigrant seniors ' economic well-being.
yet rpp income for all other immigrant cohorts remained stable or declined during these decades.
background : fibroblasts are key players in maintaining skin homeostasis and in orchestrating physiological tissue repair and skin regeneration.
dysfunctions in fibroblasts that occur with aging and the senescent process lead to the delayed healing observed in elderly people.
the molecular mechanisms leading to fibroblast dysfunction during aging and the senescent process have not yet been clarified.
here , we investigated whether changes in glycosylation during the process to senescence may have functional effects on fibroblasts.
the contributors to the changes in cell surface glycans were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis.
the changes in glycosylation were performed by galnac-α-o-benzyl or sialidase treatment.
results : a decrease in sialylation of glycoproteins and an increase in sialidase neu1 were observed in lp fibroblasts.
the reduction of sialylation did not have any effect on proliferation , migration , or induction of cellular senescence.
on the other hand , myofibroblast differentiation was inhibited by the reduction of sialylation , indicating that sialylation is important for myofibroblast differentiation.
the localization of cd44 in lipid rafts , which is required for myofibroblast differentiation , was inhibited by the reduction of sialylation.
furthermore , reduced myofibroblast differentiation in lp fibroblasts was restored by a sialidase inhibitor.
background : among older adults , life satisfaction ( ls ) correlates with health , mortality , and successful ageing.
as various potential threats to ls tend to increase with advancing years , patterns of age-related changes in ls among older adults remain inconsistent.
this study aimed to identify ls trajectories in older adults and the characteristics of individuals who experience them.
methods : large-scale , nationally representative , longitudinal data collected from @number@ to @number@ were analyzed for this study.
the outcome measure was a summary of multidimensional domains influencing ls : health , finance , housing , neighbor relationships , and family relationships.
latent class growth models and logistic regression models were used to identify trajectory groups and their predictors , respectively.
individuals with improving trajectory were younger and in poorer mental health at baseline compared to the upper middle-stable trajectory group.
conclusion : life satisfaction in the older follows distinct trajectories.
for older adults , trajectories are stable over time and predictable , in part , from individual characteristics.
knowledge of these patterns is important for effective policy and program development.
background : limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of the chronic care model for people with multimorbidity.
methods / design : spec is a prospective stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial conducted at @number@ nursing homes in south korea.
residents aged @number@ or older meeting the inclusion / exclusion criteria in all the homes are eligible to participate.
the primary outcome is quality of care for older residents using a composite measure of quality indicators from the interrai ltcf assessment system.
outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to group assignment.
secondary outcomes include quality of life , healthcare utilization , and cost.
process evaluation will be also conducted.
trial registration : isrctn11972147.
dna methylation is currently one of the most promising age-predictive biomarkers.
many studies have reported dna methylation-based age predictive models , but most of these are based on dna methylation patterns from blood.
only a few studies have examined age-predictive dna patterns in saliva , which is one of the most frequently-encountered body fluids at crime scenes.
multiplex methylation snapshot reactions were used to generate the data.
we then generated a linear regression model with age information and the methylation profile from the @number@ training samples.
the model exhibited a @percent@ correlation between predicted and chronological age with a mean absolute deviation ( mad ) from chronological age of @number@ years.
apolipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism with implications in cardiovascular disease , obesity , diabetes , alzheimer's disease , and longevity.
apoa1 , apoa2 , apob , apoc3 , apoe , apoh , and apoj decreased from mid-life , although apoe and apoj had u-shaped trends.
centenarians had the highest apoe levels and the lowest frequency of apoe ε4 allele relative to younger groups.
apolipoprotein levels trended lower in apoe ε4 homozygotes and heterozygotes compared with noncarriers , with apoe and apoj being significantly lower.
levels of all apolipoproteins except apoh were higher in females.
our findings suggest levels of some apolipoproteins , especially apoe , are associated with lifespan and cognitive function in exceptionally long-lived individuals.
study objectives : daytime sleepiness increases across adolescence.
this increase is commonly attributed to insufficient sleep durations resulting from increasingly limited time in bed.
we tested the effects of @number@ sleep schedules on daytime sleepiness and whether these effects changed with age in early adolescence.
all participants completed all @number@ sleep schedules.
the order in which they completed the schedules was not randomized but was accounted for in all statistical analyses.
results : time in bed restriction decreased sleep duration and increased objective and subjective daytime sleepiness.
although the sleep durations did not change with age , the likelihood of falling asleep during the mslt increased with age.
nevertheless , sleep restriction produced a greater increase in mslt-measured sleepiness in younger participants.
subjective sleepiness measured with the kss increased with shorter sleep duration , but this effect did not change with age.
conclusions : increasing objective daytime sleepiness in early adolescence cannot simply be attributed to reduced sleep due to restricted sleep schedules.
the population of the united states and the world is aging rapidly.
we review the financial aspects of health-care reform and the implications for musculoskeletal care in the elderly.
additionally , accelerometer metrics based on vertical axis counts and triaxial counts were compared.
methods : this analysis included @number@ women and @number@ men age @number@ to @number@ yr.
participants wore the actigraph gt3x on the hip for @number@ d twice during the study and the average of the two measurements was used.
each participant also completed one dlw measurement , with a subset having a repeat.
paee was estimated by subtracting resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food from total daily energy expenditure estimated by dlw.
partial spearman correlations were used to estimate associations between paee and each accelerometer metric.
results : correlations between the accelerometer metrics and dlw-determined paee were higher for triaxial counts than vertical axis counts.
correlations for steps per day and accelerometer-estimated paee with dlw-determined paee were similar.
after adjustment for within-person variation in dlw-determined paee , the correlations for tac per day increased to @number@ and @number@ respectively.
correlations between mvpa and dlw-determined paee were lower , particularly for modified bouts of ≥10 min.
hepatic steatosis prevails each year.
autophagy is integral in mitochondrial quality control and lipid homeostasis in the liver.
recent studies suggest that exercise may improve nafld through enhancing autophagy.
no long-term exercise training regimen with high adherence and effectiveness for middle-aged and older individuals is currently broadly available in the field.
we hypothesized that our training system could increase physical fitness in older people.
objective : to evaluate the in vivo relevance of the inhibitory effect of tenofovir on telomerase activity observed in vitro.
methods : telomere length in whole blood was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
materials and methods : in this cross-sectional study , @number@ women enrolled in a mobile phone-based physical activity education trial were analyzed.
heart attack knowledge , self-efficacy for recognizing and responding to heart attack symptoms , and perceived risk for a future heart attack were measured.
analyses were conducted using logistic , proportional odds , and linear regression models , depending on the outcome and adjusting for age.
pairwise differences between asian / pacific islanders and the other four groups were assessed using a bonferroni correction ( p < @number@ ) .
however , perceived risk did not differ among the groups.
background : dementia is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome , characterised by progressive cognitive and functional decline.
the majority of people with dementia develop behavioural disturbances , also known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) .
several non-pharmacological interventions have been evaluated to treat bpsd in people with dementia.
objectives : to assess the effects of spt on behavioural and psychological symptoms and quality of life in people with dementia.
we also checked the reference lists of relevant articles to identify any additional studies.
data collection and analysis : two authors independently selected studies , assessed risk of bias and extracted data.
no meta-analyses were conducted because of substantial heterogeneity among the included studies.
main results : three trials with @number@ participants met the inclusion criteria.
they were predominantly women and had a mean age of over @number@ years.
spt was performed using an audio or video recording prepared by family members or surrogates.
it varied in its content , frequency of administration and duration.
all the studies compared multiple treatments.
in one study , spt was compared with two other interventions ; in the other two studies , it was compared with three other interventions.
two trials which included a personalised music intervention reported no significant differences between simulated presence and music on behavioural outcomes.
new high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effect of spt.
protection from these adp factors may be important for aging without significant adp.
we operationalized \ "exceptional aging \ " without adp by considering individuals @number@ years or older to be without significant evidence of adp.
we used multivariate linear regression models to identify the combined and independent protective factors for amyloid and ad-pattern neurodegeneration.
results : the study participants included @number@ ( @percent@ ) women and the average age of participants was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
apart from demographics and the apoe genotype , only midlife dyslipidemia was associated with amyloid deposition.
obesity , smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and cardiac and metabolic conditions , but not intellectual enrichment , were associated with greater ad-pattern neurodegeneration.
conclusions and relevance : the protective factors that influence amyloid and ad-pattern neurodegeneration are different.
\ "exceptional aging \ " without adp may be possible with a greater number of protective factors across the lifespan but warrants further investigation.
a workforce that understands principles of geriatric medicine is critical to addressing the care needs of the growing elderly population.
this will be impossible without a substantial increase in academicians engaged in education and aging research.
limited support of early-career clinician-educators is a major barrier to attaining this goal.
the geriatric academic career award ( gaca ) was a vital resource that benefitted @number@ junior faculty members.
uninterrupted funding resulted in fulfillment of gaca goals ( @percent@ ) and overall career success ( @percent@ ) .
collectively , awardees reached more than @number@ learners.
funding interruption led to @percent@ working additional hours over and above an increased clinical workload to continue their gaca-related research and scholarship.
others terminated gaca projects ( @percent@ ) or abandoned academic medicine altogether.
of respondents currently at gwep sites ( @percent@ ) , only @percent@ report a gwep budget including gaca-like support.
those with gwep roles attributed their current standing to experience gained through gaca funding.
these consequences are alarming and represent a major setback to academic geriatrics.
gaca's singular contribution to the mission of geriatric medicine must prompt vigorous efforts to restore it as a distinct funding opportunity.
the oceans encompass a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions , which host a huge microbial biodiversity.
it called for distinct populations to be included within national plans , including adults with intellectual disability ( id ) .
inclusion of this group is important as having down's syndrome is a significant risk factor for early-onset dementia.
adults with other id may have specific needs for dementia-related care that , if unmet , can lead to diminished quality of old age.
reviews of national plans and reports on dementia show minimal consideration of id and the challenges that carers face.
across the solar radiation spectrum , uv light is the main cause behind skin problems.
all title compounds were investigated for their uv filtering , antioxidant , antifungal , and antiproliferative activities.
purpose of review : manganese ( mn ) is critical for neurodevelopment but also has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases.
we discuss how mn requirements intersect with mn biology and toxicity , and how these requirements may be altered in neurological disease.
the line between mn-dependent biology and toxicity is thus blurred.
further , new work suggests that mn exposures correlating to optimal cognitive scores in children are associated with cognitive decline in adults.
this review explores relationships between mn-dependent neurobiology and mn-dependent neurotoxicity.
to reduce the potential for type ii error in this pilot , p values < 0.10 were considered statistically significant.
for daughters , change in caloric intake was related to change in waist circumference ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
however , change in diet quality was not associated with weight-related outcomes in daughters.
additionally , change in exercise was not associated with weight-related outcomes in mothers or daughters.
aims : we investigated whether traffic-related air pollution and noise are associated with incident hypertension in european cohorts.
methods and results : we included seven cohorts of the european study of cohorts for air pollution effects ( escape ) .
residential exposure to traffic noise was modelled at the facade according to the eu directive 2002 / 49 / ec.
among @number@ @number@ participants free of self-reported hypertension at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) incident cases occurred within 5-9 years of follow-up.
these estimates decreased slightly upon adjustment for road traffic noise.
road traffic noise was weakly positively associated with the incidence of self-reported hypertension.
among @number@ @number@ participants at risk , @number@ new cases of measured hypertension occurred.
we found no clear associations with measured hypertension.
conclusion : long-term residential exposures to air pollution and noise are associated with increased incidence of self-reported hypertension.
atrial fibrillation affects more than @number@ million people worldwide and increases the risk of stroke , heart failure , and death.
fourteen genetic loci have been associated with atrial fibrillation in european and asian ancestry groups.
to further define the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation , we performed large-scale , trans-ancestry meta-analyses of common and rare variant association studies.
we identified @number@ new genetic loci that exceeded genome-wide significance , implicating genes involved in cardiac electrical and structural remodeling.
cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible growth arrest with the acquisition of a distinctive secretome.
the growth arrest is a potent anticancer mechanism whereas the secretome facilitates wound healing , tissue repair , and development.
the senescence response has also become increasingly recognized as an important contributor to aging and age-related diseases , including cancer.
dpcs represent physical obstacles to the progression of dna replication.
if not repaired , dpcs cause stalling of dna replication forks that consequently leads to dna double-strand breaks , the most cytotoxic dna lesion.
although dpcs are common dna lesions , the mechanism of dpc repair was unclear until now.
recent work unveiled that dpc repair is orchestrated by proteolysis performed by two distinct metalloproteases , spartan in metazoans and wss1 in yeast.
methods : medline , psycinfo , the cochrane library and web of science were searched from @date@ to @date@ .
the main areas of needs explored in these instruments were : information , psychosocial , social , psychoeducational and other needs.
as the perceived needs of caregivers may evolve with the progression of the disease and the dementia transition , their needs should be regularly assessed.
xanthohumol as a natural polyphenol demonstrates an anticancer activity , but its underlying mechanism remains unclear.
in this study , we showed that xanthohumol ( xn ) induces paraptosis of leukemia cells.
the paraptosis is one cell death which is characterized by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and / or mitochondria.
in contrast , xn treatment resulted in lc3-ii accumulation through blocking of autophagosome maturation.
furthermore , xn treatment triggered p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and its specific inhibitor inhibited the paraptosis of hl-60 leukemia cells by xn.
in conclusion , we for the first time demonstrated that xn treatment can induce paraptosis of leukemia cells through activation of p38 mapk signaling.
here , we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism.
we demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to both the structure and function of the brain.
these changes complement electroencephalography findings showing that bilinguals devote neural resources earlier than monolinguals.
our sample comprised @number@ community-dwellers aged ≥50 years in @date@ from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms are inversely associated with memory and executive function , but , individually , do not accelerate cognitive decline.
the co-occurrence of diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms significantly accelerates cognitive decline over time , especially among those aged 50-64 years.
canada's old age security ( oas ) , a flat-benefit public pension , is internationally lauded as an accessible and effective safety net for seniors.
this paper explores discrepancies in oas uptake using canadian census data from @number@ to @number@
they also confirm that those not proficient in canada's official languages are less likely to receive oas benefits.
we conclude with a brief discussion of the tradeoffs involved in considering a potential removal of oas eligibility barriers for immigrants in canada.
as a result of aging populations , institutionalization of older people is creating an increasing financial burden in many countries.
the purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of in-home service utilization on institutionalization.
the subjects were newly certified as eligible for long-term care insurance between january and @date@ in korea.
the follow-up period was @number@ months , to @date@ .
the institutionalization rate was estimated to be @percent@ over @number@ months.
the interval from transitional living to institutionalization was @number@ ± @number@ months.
we determined that institutionalization is mitigated by use of in-home services.
therefore , supplying appropriate in-home services to current nonusers would help to greatly reduce the rate of institutionalization of older people.
this indicates that higher per-enrollee hcbs spending may enable waiver enrollees to remain in the community until their functional impairment becomes more severe.
the people who are treated in the community setting will often have multiple comorbidities.
systemic medical conditions can have a negative impact on oral health.
in addition , the medications used to treat systemic conditions may also themselves cause oral symptoms.
the effects of medications will be discussed and linked to oral complaints patients may express.
hitting one hdac member could yield clinical benefit but this required a complete understanding of the functions of the different hdac members.
here we explored the consequences of specific hdac5 inhibition in cancer cells.
interestingly , adaptation of hdac5-depleted cells to oxidative stress passes through reprogramming of metabolic pathways towards glucose and glutamine.
in recent years complexity of the brain structure in healthy and disordered subjects has been studied increasingly.
they are adopted to measure the structural complexity of the weighted graphs instead of the common binary graphs.
two applications are used to evaluate the efficacy of the complexity measures : diagnosis of autism and aging , both based on eeg.
it was discovered that the graph index complexity of gamma band is discriminative in distinguishing autistic children from non-autistic children.
also , offdiagonal complexity of theta band in young subjects was observed to be significantly different than old subjects.
further , it can be used to study every other neurological and psychiatric disorder.
there are discrepancies with respect to the age at which adult-like performance is reached on tasks assessing global motion perception.
this is in part because performance in children depends on stimulus parameters.
motion coherence thresholds were assessed in @number@ children and adults aged 7-30years.
dot displacement ( δx ) was @number@ @number@ or 30min of arc ; frame duration ( δt ) was @number@ or 50ms.
this created a total of six conditions.
consistent with our previous results , coherence thresholds in the youngest children assessed were adult-like at the two conditions with the largest δx.
maturity was reached around age @number@ for the medium δx , and by age @number@ for the smallest δx.
performance did not appear to be affected by δt.
this late maturation may reflect a long developmental period for cortical networks underlying global motion perception.
however , research among older adults being clinically evaluated for cognitive concerns , a defining feature of mci , is lacking.
the present study investigated the effect of performing a cognitive task on normal walking speed in patients presenting to a memory clinic with cognitive complaints.
thirty-four of the @number@ patients met criteria for mci.
results : repeated measure analyses of covariance revealed that greater age and mci both significantly associated with slower gait speed , ps < .05.
follow-up analysis indicated that the mci group had significantly slower dual-task gait speed but did not differ in simple-gait speed.
conclusions : the present study increases the external validity of dual-task gait assessment of mci.
differences in dual-task gait speed appears to be largely attributable to executive attention processes.
cognitive load dual-task gait assessment may provide a cost efficient and sensitive measure to detect older adults at high risk of a dementia disorder.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 493-501 ) .
endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) is the most abundant and important endothelin produced by vascular cells.
et-1 exerts its biological actions through the activation of two receptors : eta and etb.
endothelin receptor antagonists were considered to be used for the treatment of some diseases like hypertension , diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
sexual health severely decreases with age.
for males older than @number@ years , erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is the most common sexual disorder.
although physical and psychological risk factors for ed have been identified , protective factors are yet to be determined.
to date , no study has examined endocrine and psychosocial factors in parallel with regard to their modifying effect on the age-related increase in ed.
around @percent@ of the participants reported at least a mild form of ed.
results : the regions identified for each variant were generally what would be expected from prior studies of frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
objectives : cerebral malaria ( cm ) is the most lethal form of malaria , yet its pathogenesis is not fully understood.
results : forty children with cm were studied along with forty age- and sex-matched controls.
introduction : older adults often show declines in phonological aspects of language production , particularly for low-frequency words , but maintain strong semantic systems.
methods : this study used fmri to investigate whether age-related differences in language production are associated with transmission deficits or inhibition deficits.
nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.
the world health organization's age-friendly community framework contextualized the study findings.
malaria presents an overwhelming public health challenge , particularly in sub-saharan africa where vector favourable conditions and poverty prevail , potentiating the disease burden.
behavioural variability of malaria vectors poses a great challenge to existing vector control programmes with insecticide resistance already acquired to nearly all available chemical compounds.
further , an update on the current advancements in technologies to improve longevity and efficiency of these compounds for field applications has been provided.
therefore , the microcirculation may be considered an essential target for both the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
arterial stiffness has been accumulating evidence as an intermediate cardiovascular endpoint.
as the eva construct is advancing , new features appear as interesting to better translate it into clinical practice.
previous animal studies have indicated associations between circadian clock genes and cognitive impairment .
we also analyzed the interactions between environmental factors and these genes in influencing cognitive aging.
a total of @number@ taiwanese subjects aged over @number@ years from the taiwan biobank were analyzed.
mini-mental state examinations ( mmse ) were administered to all subjects , and mmse scores were used to evaluate cognitive function.
during conventional ex vivo expansion , a large portion of mscs lose the properties that make them attractive for use in cell therapies.
decellularized extracellular matrix ( decm ) has recently emerged as a promising substrate for the improved expansion of mscs.
mscs cultured on these surfaces exhibit improved proliferation capacity , maintenance of phenotype , and increased differentiation potential.
statement of significance : current mesenchymal stem cell ( msc ) culture methods result in premature cellular senescence or loss of differentiation potential.
this creates a major bottleneck in their clinical application , as prolonged expansion is necessary to achieve clinically relevant numbers of cells.
to our knowledge , this is the first review written on the use of decm for improved mesenchymal stem cell expansion.
endothelial senescence has been suggested to promote endothelial dysfunction in age-related vascular disorders.
this study evaluated the prothrombotic properties of senescent endothelial cells ( ecs ) and the underlying mechanism.
p3 cells also presented increased expression and activity of tissue factor ( tf ) , a key initiator of the coagulation cascade.
the incidence of the small renal mass continues to increase owing to the aging population and the ubiquity imaging.
most of these tumors are stage i tumors.
management strategies include surveillance , ablation , and extirpation.
there is a wide body of literature favoring nephron-sparing approaches.
although nephron-sparing surgery may yield decreased long-term morbidity , it is not without its drawbacks , including a higher rate of complications.
urologists must be attuned to the complications of surgery and develop strategies to minimize risk.
this article reviews expected complications of surgery on renal masses and risk stratification schema.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences related to obesity and aging on required friction during overground walking.
no differences in required friction were found between non-obese and obese younger adults.
these results suggest that the increased rate of falls among obese or older adults is not likely due to a higher risk of slip initiation.
resective epilepsy surgery ( res ) has traditionally been offered to young patients ( < 50years ) .
the reservation about offering res to the elderly is multifactorial with their advanced age and comorbidities being the primary reason.
the elderly age group ( ≥65years of age ) is one of the fastest growing populations.
the arbitrary age limits for res need reconsideration in the face of an ever increasing elderly population.
the 10-year median survival probability based on their comorbidities and age was more than @percent@.
no significant medical or surgical morbidity was observed.
however , three out of the four patients undergoing pre- and post-res neuropsychological testing showed decline in memory function.
seizure-related injuries were noted in four out of seven patients and may have been a motivation to proceed with res in our cohort.
our experience suggests that res can be a safe and effective therapy in well-selected , septuagenarian patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
neuropsychological outcomes after res in this population need further evaluation.
scope : @number@ young adults , @number@ older adults , and @number@ individuals with moderate knee oa were recruited.
using standardized procedures , surface electromyograms were recorded from the vastus lateralis and medialis , rectus femoris and the medial and lateral hamstrings.
all individuals walked on a dual belt instrumented treadmill while segment motions and ground reaction forces were recorded.
sagittal plane motion and net external sagittal and frontal plane moments were calculated.
discrete measures and principal component analyses extracted amplitude and temporal waveform features.
analysis of variance models using bonferroni corrections determined between and within group differences in these gait features ( α = 0.05 ) .
aging is a heterogeneous process , thus , to assess the individual state of health when making decisions is essential.
comprehensive geriatric assessment allows a detailed evaluation of the state of health of a specific subject and can modify the therapeutic decision.
it is still not commonly used because it is time consuming.
in vulnerable or frail patients , weekly or biweekly docetaxel regimens are acceptable treatment options.
directing attention away from postural control and onto a cognitive task affords the emergence of automatic control processes.
twenty older adults ( @number@.9±3.5years ) stood with feet together on a force platform for 60s while performing randomly assigned discrete and continuous cognitive tasks.
participants also performed single-task standing.
results demonstrate significant reductions in sway amplitude and sway variability for the difficult discrete task as well as the continuous tasks relative to single-task standing.
no differences in the simple discrete condition were shown compared to single-task standing , perhaps due to the simplicity of the task.
dual-tasking is a common activity of daily living ; this work provides insight into the age-related changes in postural stability and attention demand.
however , the particular role of ankle muscle co-contractions in the elderly during quiet standing remains unclear.
therefore , the objective of this study was to investigate the association between ankle muscle co-contractions and postural steadiness during standing in the elderly.
twenty-seven young ( @number@.2±4.5yrs ) and twenty-three elderly ( @number@.2±5.0yrs ) subjects were asked to stand quietly on a force plate for five trials.
electromyograms were obtained from the right ta , soleus ( sol ) , and medial gastrocnemius ( mg ) muscles.
periods of ta activity ( taon ) and inactivity ( taoff ) were determined using an emg threshold based on ta resting level.
however , in the young , no significant association between respective variability and ta activity was found.
we conclude that ankle muscle co-contractions in the elderly are not associated with an increase , but a decrease in postural steadiness.
older adults have altered perception of the relative timing between auditory and visual stimuli , even when stimuli are scaled to equate detectability.
to help understand why , this study investigated the neural correlates of audiovisual synchrony judgments in older adults using electroencephalography ( eeg ) .
all participants were assessed to have healthy vision and hearing for their age.
observers responded to whether audiovisual pairs were perceived as synchronous or asynchronous via a button press.
the results showed that the onset of predictive sensory information for synchrony judgments was not different between groups.
channels over auditory areas contributed more to this predictive sensory information than visual areas.
this study compares the functional outcomes after surgery for drf in patients with or without low appendicular lean mass plus slowness or weakness.
a definition of low appendicular lean mass with slowness or weakness was based on the consensus of the asian working group for sarcopenia.
there was no significant difference in the range of motion between the groups.
the radiologic outcomes showed no significant difference between groups in terms of volar tilt , radial inclination , or ulnar variance.
ginseng , an oriental gift to the world of healthcare and preventive medicine , is among the top ten medicinal herbs globally.
the constitutive triterpene saponins , ginsenosides , or panaxosides are attributed to ginseng's miraculous efficacy towards anti-aging , rejuvenating , and immune-potentiating benefits.
elicitations have successfully led to appreciable enhancements in the production of these major ginsenosides.
the present study investigated how fast younger and older adults recovered from a distracted attentional state induced by rare , unpredictable sound events.
glides and gaps could be separated in 150ms , 250ms , 650ms or longer and the task was gap detection while ignoring glides.
we studied @number@ healthy life-long endurance runners , @number@ age-matched untrained controls , @number@ young trained and @number@ young untrained individuals.
subcutaneous adipose tissue was also lower in trained individuals but was not affected by age.
gene expression of il6 and tnfα was not different between groups , while il1-receptor and tnfα-receptor1 levels were lower with age.
we reviewed electronic patient charts and extracted data on biochemical parameters ( plasma glucose , serum lipids and glycated hemoglobin ) .
we estimated prevalence of complications ( retinopathy , nephropathy , neuropathy , and peripheral vascular disease ) .
we examined odds of having each complication , after adjusting for clinical differences between younger- and older-onset t2dm.
however , waist circumference ( @number@ vs. @number@.6cm ) and systolic blood pressure ( @number@ vs. 133mmhg ) were significantly higher in older onset t2dm.
conclusions : younger onset t2dm patients have worse glycemic and lipid control , and higher prevalence of retinopathy compared to older onset t2dm patients.
this underscores the need for more aggressive metabolic control in young-onset t2dm.
methods : this was a cross-sectional analysis using the @number@ national emergency department sample for all treated-and-released visits in persons aged ≥18 years.
the prevalence of conditions associated with uc visits in men and women were identified.
a hierarchical ranking was used to categorize diagnosis codes identified during ed visits into clinically meaningful categories to assess conditions for uc.
results : in @number@ there were @number@ treated-and-released ed visits in adults.
conclusions : the rate of uc in treated-and-released ed visits was higher in men than women , and uc rate increased with age.
if confirmed , this would suggest opportunities for quality improvement in the ed to prevent overutilization of urinary catheters.
frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct clinical phenotypes associated with multiple neuropathologic entities.
presently , the term ftd encompasses clinical disorders that include changes in behavior , language , executive control , and often motor symptoms.
the core ftd spectrum disorders include behavioral variant ftd , nonfluent / agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia , and semantic variant ppa.
related ftd disorders include frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease , progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome , and corticobasal syndrome.
in this article , the authors discuss the clinical presentation , diagnostic criteria , neuropathology , genetics , and treatments of these disorders.
cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) is the second leading cause of cognitive impairment in late life.
management of vascular risk factors remains a proven and practical approach to reducing acute and progressive cognitive impairment and dementia.
diagnosing ad in the oldest-old is challenging due to cognitive and physical changes associated with aging.
treatment remains supportive , with current approved medications able to provide modest symptomatic benefit but unable to slow the progression of disease.
in addition , data addressing the potential value of amyloid pet imaging in the clinical setting are highlighted.
hispanics are the largest minority group in the united states , approximately @percent@ of the population older than @number@
they often encounter challenges related to health care access and quality of care.
the prevalence of dementia among hispanics is higher than that of non-hispanic whites and they frequently present at a more advanced stage of illness.
cognitive evaluation should take into account sociodemographic information and cultural factors to avoid misdiagnosis and guide management.
cognitive abilities decline with age and older adults , as a group , are at increased risk for developing age-related cognitive disorders.
such information assists in counseling patients and family members and can guide therapeutic decisions.
the difference between neuroanatomical age and chronological age was compared between the three groups.
we used life table methods to calculate mortality rates and life expectancies for this cohort by sex and 5-year age group.
we compared these mortality indices between the @number@ ontario prison cohort and the general population by age group and sex.
future research should explore the association between incarceration status and markers of aging including mortality , morbidity and physical appearance.
background there are several genes and genetic loci affecting telomere length , including htert gene and bicd1 gene as well as polymorphisms within chromosome @number@
the transplantation procedure ( tx ) was performed between @number@ and @number@
all samples were genotyped in duplicate using real-time pcr.
conclusions in conclusion , both the donor's and the recipient's rs2735940 htert gene polymorphism was associated with early graft function after transplantation.
the odds of dgf were almost five times higher for a combination of cx ( ct or cc ) donor genotype and tt recipient genotype.
joint assessment of donor-recipient genotype pairs provides more information for prediction of early kidney transplantation outcomes.
telomeres protect the integrity of information-carrying dna by serving as caps on the terminal portions of chromosomes.
telomere length decreases with aging , and this contributes to cell senescence.
this relationship is particularly evident in older individuals , suggesting a role of physical activity in combating the typical age-induced decrements in telomere length.
our objective was to assess the association between loh and endothelial dysfunction in patients with vasculogenic ed.
throughout 2014-2015 a total of @number@ men were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study.
thirty age-matched men with no ed or hypogonadism were enrolled as control group ( c ) .
the diagnostic criteria of loh were adapted according to european male aging study , @number@
there were highly significant differences between group a and groups b and c ( p < @number@ for each ) .
the means of epcs were @number@ ± @number@ @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ in groups a , b and c , respectively.
the means of emps were @number@ ± @number@ @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ in groups a , b and c , respectively.
there were significant differences between group c and groups a and b ( p < @number@ for each ) .
this study clearly demonstrated that there is a significant association between loh and the higher expression of epcs and emps in patients with vasculogenic ed.
neurotransmitters are essential neurochemicals that maintain synaptic and cognitive functions in mammals , including humans , by sending signals across pre- to post-synaptic neurons.
this article discusses the prevalence , economic impact , and stages of alzheimer's dementia in humans.
objective : the potentially different psychological effects of ongoing trauma vis-à-vis an intense time-limited exposure to trauma have not been examined in older adults.
participants completed measures of ptsd symptoms , and physical , cognitive , and mental health.
results : older adults with ongoing exposure reported higher ptsd symptom level relative to those with intense time-limited exposure.
the groups also differed in health variables related to ptsd symptoms.
accordingly , different interventions may be necessary when helping older adults exposed to ongoing versus intense time-limited trauma.
the world health organization ( who ) 's age-friendly community ( afc ) initiative has gained worldwide momentum.
yet , measures have not been validated in regions with various levels of socio-economic development.
chi- square and t-tests examined the rural and urban differences.
results suggest that many afc concepts did not apply well in developing areas.
the chinese survey measured important environmental aspects in developing regions that were missing in the who afc framework.
regular physical activity and exercise are important for healthy aging and are beneficial for chronic disease management.
exercise prescriptions for older adults should account for the individual's health status and functional capacity.
any amount of exercise is better than being sedentary , even if health status prevents a person from achieving recommended goals.
for most health outcomes , more benefits occur with physical activity performed at higher intensity , greater frequency , or longer duration.
older adults will derive distinct benefits from aerobic exercise , strength or resistance training , flexibility or stretching exercises , and balance training.
many community resources are available to help older adults begin a more active lifestyle.
this descriptive cross-sectional study included @number@ women aged 40-80 years.
we compared prevalence and severity of menopause symptoms using the menopause rating scale ( mrs ) .
logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of severe symptoms.
six-hundred and seven ( @percent@ ) were hiv-positive , with a mean duration of infection of @number@ ± @number@ years.
the mean age of the cohort was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the median mrs score was higher for hiv-positive compared to hiv-negative women ( p = @number@ ) .
@percent@ ci : @number@.39-0.98 ) were protective against severe menopause symptoms.
we found hiv infection , cigarette smoking , quality of life , and stage of the menopause transition to be associated with severe menopause symptoms.
as hiv-positive populations are aging , additional attention should be given to the reproductive health of these women.
this suggests that healthy older adults preserved their ability to adjust postural control to environmental demands.
stem and progenitor cells are characterized by their abilities to self-renew and produce differentiated progeny.
the balance between self-renewal and differentiation is achieved through control of cell division mode , which can be either asymmetric or symmetric.
failure to properly control cell division mode may result in premature depletion of the stem / progenitor cell pool or abnormal growth and impaired differentiation.
in many tissues , including the brain , stem cells and progenitor cells undergo asymmetric cell division through the establishment of cell polarity.
cell polarity proteins are therefore potentially critical regulators of asymmetric cell division.
decrease or loss of asymmetric cell division can be associated with reduced differentiation common during aging or impaired remyelination as seen in demyelinating diseases.
progenitor-like glioma precursor cells show decreased asymmetric cell division rates and increased symmetric divisions , which suggests that asymmetric cell division suppresses brain tumor formation.
jaw opening force was measured three times using a jaw opening force sthenometer ; the mean of these three measurements was used for analysis.
in women , there was no statistically significant correlation between jaw opening force and any of the measurement items.
there was no statistically significant correlation between jaw opening force and maximum hyoid position in either men or women.
moreover , a maximum hyoid position in healthy individuals of either gender does not differ depending on their jaw opening force.
the review was conducted and reported in accordance with the prisma statement.
thirteen high-quality randomized controlled trials were included.
however , although the study intervention included strength training , only a few selected studies assessed the improvement of muscle strength.
despite the encouraging results , it is difficult to establish a correlation between strength training and the improvements made.
our review highlights the lack of common intent in terms of study design and the presence of different primary and secondary outcomes.
patients and methods : digital panoramic radiographs of @number@ geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed.
the radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software.
for statistical analysis , student's results : the elongated styloid process was seen in @number@ of the @number@ patients.
it was observed that as age increased , elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance.
type i elongation was more common than other types of elongation.
bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation , and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females.
conclusion : the prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.
background : downward shifts in blood volume with changing position generally cause tachycardic responses.
age-related decreases in vagal nerve activity could contribute to orthostatic hypotension in older individuals.
comparisons were then made between age groups and between positions.
results : reductions in sv and tachycardic response were smaller with ut60 than with wt60 , in both younger and older subjects.
an upright upper trunk in fowler's position might help to reduce orthostatic stress and facilitate routine activities and conversation in frail patients.
spermatogonial stem cells ( sscs ) are germline stem cells located along the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules in testes.
recently , sscs were shown to be reprogrammed into multipotent sscs ( msscs ) .
however , both the key factors and biological networks underlying this reprogramming remain elusive.
here , we present transcriptional regulatory networks ( trns ) that control cellular processes related to the ssc-to-mssc reprogramming.
previously , we established intermediate sscs ( isscs ) undergoing the transition to msscs and generated gene expression profiles of sscs , isscs and msscs.
the burden of premature death and health loss from esrd is well described.
less is known regarding the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to reduced gfr.
relative risks of cardiovascular outcomes by three categories of reduced gfr were calculated by pooled random effects meta-analysis.
in conclusion , by @number@ cardiovascular deaths attributed to reduced gfr outnumbered esrd deaths throughout the world.
studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of early detection of ckd and treatment to decrease these deaths.
cellular senescence is now recognized as one of the nine hallmarks of ageing.
recent data show the involvement of senescent cells in tissue ageing and some age-related diseases.
skin represents an ideal model for the study of ageing.
if senescence traits can be detected with ageing in the skin , the senescent phenotype varies among the various skin cell types.
moreover , the origin of cellular senescence in the skin is still unknown , and multiple origins are possible.
this reflects the mosaic of skin ageing.
therapeutic approaches include the clearance of senescent cells via the use of senolytics or via the cooperation with the immune system.
gait patterns differ between healthy elders and those with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
nineteen subjects participated , eleven without ( c ) and eight with pd ( pd ) .
outcome measures included spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics.
ankle range of motion for c was significantly less during ankle swing compared to pd ( p = 0.04 ) for the kinect.
agreement ( range menopause is characterized by the depletion of estrogen that has been proposed to cause oxidative stress.
circadian rhythm is an internal biological clock that controls physiological processes.
in addition , we found that the circadian rhythm-related gene per2 decreased as consequence of menopause.
clinical trials.gov.identifier : nct00924937.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) presents a great burden for elderly patients , their caregivers , and health systems.
structural and functional alterations of vessels accumulate throughout life , culminating in increased risk of developing cvd.
the growing elderly population worldwide highlights the need to understand how aging promotes cvd in order to develop new strategies to confront this challenge.
this review provides examples of some major unresolved clinical problems encountered in daily cardiovascular practice as we care for elderly patients.
lastly , the authors consider critical aspects of vascular repair , including autologous transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem cells in elderly patients.
patients were initially recruited via their general practitioners ( gps ) .
some adults without ads / poa perhaps would have completed advance care documents , if they had had received more information and support.
background : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) may be associated with accelerated aging.
telomere shortening is a biomarker of aging.
cross-sectional studies describe shorter telomeres in copd compared with matched controls.
no studies have described telomere length trajectory and its relationship with copd progression.
we investigated telomere shortening over time and its relationship to clinical and lung function parameters in a copd cohort and smoker controls without copd.
furthermore , the telomere length and its rate of shortening did not relate to clinical and lung function parameters changes over @number@ years of follow-up.
background : atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that causes myocardial infarction , heart failure , and stroke.
increased oxidized low density lipoprotein ( ox-ldl ) in the sub-endothelium is the characteristic origin of atherogenesis.
klotho , an anti-aging protein , has been reported to protect against atherosclerosis and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in vivo.
the aim of this study is to investigatethe anti-oxidative activity of klothoin ox-ldl-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( huvecs ) .
methods : after pre-treatment with @number@ pmklotho for @number@ h , huvecs were stimulated with @number@ μg / ml ox-ldl for @number@ h.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and superoxide dismutase ( sod ) levels were analyzed in the cells.
nitric oxide ( no ) concertation was measured in the medium supernatant.
related proteins or genes were detected with western blot or real time pcr , respectively , in the cell lysates.
pre-incubation with recombinant klotho ( @number@ pm ) significantly prevented all of these alterations.
conclusions : these results suggest that klotho has a potential therapeutic effect on attenuating endothelial dysfunction and ameliorating atherosclerosis.
anticholinergic drug use is common in older adults and has been related to increased dementia risk.
this suggests that users of these drugs may experience accelerated cognitive decline.
telomeres are repetitive dna sequences at the ends of chromatids that shorten following each cell replication.
once telomeres reach a critical length , dna defense mechanisms can direct cells to either a state of arrest ( senescence ) or apoptosis.
stress induced by adversity is a probable cause of accelerated telomere shortening from an early age.
our aim was to examine whether adversity in childhood is associated with shortening of telomere length.
we conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the association between stress and telomere length in children from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
eleven studies met our selection criteria.
this suggests that exposed individuals show signs of accelerated erosion of telomeric ends from an early age.
we discuss whether telomere shortening is related to negative health outcomes later in life or could be a biomarker predicting health outcomes.
this will verify the extent to which adversity impacts upon the biological development of cell aging in childhood.
the system was tested by twenty-nine older users and data collected by the insoles were compared with standardized functional tests with a concurrent validity approach.
the results showed that the fri captures the risk of falls with accuracy that is similar to that of conventional performance-based tests of fall risk.
this pattern of gene by environment interactions was consistent with differential susceptibility or the flip-flop phenomenon.
objectives : to examine the association between vascular pathology and rate of cognitive decline in older adults independent of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathology.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : community sample.
participants : individuals from the einstein aging study autopsy series ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : the blessed ( bimc ) test was used to assess global cognitive status.
ad pathology was quantified according to braak stage ( < 3 vs ≥ @number@ ) .
vascular pathology was quantified using a previously reported macrovascular lesion ( mvl ) score.
the association between vascular pathology and antemortem rates of cognitive decline adjusted for level of ad pathology was assessed using linear mixed-effects models.
results : mean age was @number@ at enrollment and @number@ at death.
braak stage was also associated with cognitive decline ( difference @number@ points / yr , p = @number@ ) .
the effect of vascular pathology on cognitive decline was not significantly different according to ad pathology.
conclusion : vascular brain pathology is associated with rate of cognitive decline after adjusting for level of ad pathology.
this article explores socioeconomic variation in hrr following exposure to a potent physiological stressor.
participants completed an active stand ( ie , vertical stand from a supine position ) as part of a detailed clinic-based cardiovascular health assessment.
beat-to-beat hrr to standing was monitored over a 2-minute time horizon using a finometer.
mediation analysis revealed that lifetime smoking accounted for a sizeable proportion ( @percent@ ) of the educational differential.
adjustment for other objectively measured markers of lifestyle measured during the clinic visit accounted for only a small proportion ( @percent@ ) of the difference.
random item generation tasks ( rig ) are commonly used to assess high cognitive abilities such as inhibition or sustained attention.
they also draw upon our approximate sense of complexity.
aging is characterized by a cumulative loss of genome integrity , which involves chromatin reorganization , transcriptional dysregulation and the accumulation of dna damage.
sirtuins participate in the protection against these aging processes by promoting genome homeostasis in response to cellular stress.
cyclin-dependent kinases ( cdks ) are a family of serine / threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by cdk inhibitors ( ckis ) and cyclins.
generally , cyclins and ckis promote and inhibit cdk activation , respectively.
how this ovp effect changes with age is unknown but may differ for older adults due to visual declines in later life.
the older adults produced slower responses.
therefore , development of an hdac / pi3k dual inhibitor is reasonably attractive.
romidepsin ( fk228 , depsipeptide ) is a potent hdac inhibitor.
we previously reported that depsipeptide and its analogs have an additional activity as pi3k inhibitors and are defined as hdac / pi3k dual inhibitors.
fk-a11 showed in vivo antitumor activity by both i.v. and i.p. administration in a dose-dependent manner.
in addition , we showed evidence of hdac / pi3k dual inhibition accompanying antitumor efficacy in xenograft tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry.
we also detailed pharmacokinetic characterization of fk-a11 in mice.
these findings will be essential for guiding further preclinical and clinical studies.
we separate for the first time the roles of cognitive and motivational factors in shaping age differences in decision making under risk.
younger and older adults completed gain , loss , and mixed-domain choice problems as well as measures of cognitive functioning and affect.
we prospectively examined apathy symptoms as predictors of incident slow gait , frailty , and disability among non-demented , community-dwelling older adults.
individuals were recruited from @number@ to @number@
apathy was assessed using @number@ items from the geriatric depression scale.
results : the prevalence of apathy was @percent@ in the longenity cohort and @percent@ in the ccma cohort.
these associations remained significant when accounting for demographics , medical illnesses , and cognitive function.
apathy should be screened for as a potentially preventable cause of functional decline in clinical psychiatric settings.
methods : we performed a search in medline by combining search terms on delirium and opioids.
a specific search filter for use in geriatric medicine was used.
quality was scored according to the quality assessment for cohort studies of the dutch cochrane institute.
results : six studies were included , all performed in surgical departments and all observational.
no study was rated high quality , one was rated moderate quality , and five were rated low quality.
information about dose , route , and timing of administration of the opioid was frequently missing.
pain and other important risk factors of delirium were often not taken into account.
meperidine was also associated with an increased risk of delirium compared with other opioids , whereas tramadol was not.
the risk of delirium appeared to be lower with hydromorphone or fentanyl , compared with other opioids.
numbers used for comparisons were small.
further comparative research is needed.
background : the risk of incorrect medication dosing is high in frail older people.
therefore , accurate assessment of the glomerular filtration rate is important.
we hypothesized that frailty determines the difference between the creatinine- and cystatin c-based formulae.
the level of agreement of these estimations was assessed by a bland-altman analysis.
this paper discusses the case of a young boy who died suddenly during a football match.
the victim's personal and family medical histories were negative for cardiac events.
he had undergone a cardiological investigation some months before his death , enabling him to participate in competitive sports.
it was possible to detect a novel , previously undescribed , variant in the ryr2 gene.
this case report highlights the importance of a meaningful forensic multidisciplinary investigation in such cases , and also discusses possible medical malpractice claims.
background : incisional hernia is one of the most frequent complications after abdominal surgery , with incidences up to @percent@.
a reliable biomarker for the prediction of this complication is lacking.
in this study the accumulation of ages and the relation between ages and incisional hernia were investigated.
results : twenty-three patients with a clinically significant incisional hernia and @number@ control patients were included.
the study groups had significant differences in mean bmi.
conclusion : age accumulation measured in the skin indirectly with autofluorescence might be associated with incisional hernia.
prospective larger trials should confirm this finding.
however , the pediatric bv mechanical properties are unknown.
an additional subset of human infant bvs was examined for viscoelastic recovery between two cycling episodes.
we found that human infant bvs are stronger than porcine bvs , and bv mechanical properties are rate dependent , but not age dependent.
successive cyclic loading to a uniform level of stretch softened bvs with decaying peak stresses , and shifted their stress-stretch relationship.
there are no effective tdp-43-directed therapies for als or related tdp-43 proteinopathies , such as frontotemporal dementia.
antisense oligonucleotides ( asos ) and rna-interference approaches are emerging as attractive therapeutic strategies in neurological diseases.
however , as sod1 mutations account for only around 2-5% of als cases , additional therapeutic strategies are needed.
silencing tdp-43 itself is probably not appropriate , given its critical cellular functions.
here we present a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for als that involves targeting ataxin-2.
a decrease in ataxin-2 suppresses tdp-43 toxicity in yeast and flies , and intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions in the ataxin-2 gene increase risk of als.
we used two independent approaches to test whether decreasing ataxin-2 levels could mitigate disease in a mouse model of tdp-43 proteinopathy.
first , we crossed ataxin-2 knockout mice with tdp-43 ( also known as tardbp ) transgenic mice.
the decrease in ataxin-2 reduced aggregation of tdp-43 , markedly increased survival and improved motor function.
second , in a more therapeutically applicable approach , we administered asos targeting ataxin-2 to the central nervous system of tdp-43 transgenic mice.
this single treatment markedly extended survival.
because tdp-43 aggregation is a component of nearly all cases of als , targeting ataxin-2 could represent a broadly effective therapeutic strategy.
objective : to identify regional brain metabolic dysfunctions associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms ( nps ) in preclinical alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
these findings support an emerging conceptual framework in which nps constitute an early clinical manifestation of ad pathophysiology.
study design : qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with a self-selecting sample of retired people.
methods : participants were recruited from three geographical locations in the west of scotland.
a quota sampling design was used to ensure a broad spread of participants in terms of socio-economic position , age and gender.
in total @number@ participants were interviewed and the data analysed thematically using braun and clarke's ( @number@ ) approach.
alcohol was often associated with social occasions and interactions both in private and in public spaces.
this suggests that older people are often active in constructing what they regard as ' healthier ' routines around alcohol use.
however , processes and circumstances associated with ageing can lead to risk of social isolation and / or increased alcohol consumption.
conclusions : these findings highlight processes that can result in changes in drinking habits and routines.
methods : @number@ men and @number@ women aged @number@ to 96years , residents in the reykjavik area , were included in this cross-sectional study.
proximal femur integral vbmd , mid-thigh muscle area and muscle attenuation were assessed with computed tomography.
sleep and nap habits were assessed using a questionnaire.
sleep duration was not associated with proximal femur integral vbmd in the multivariate models.
conclusion : long sleep duration , particularly in old women , can affect thigh muscle attenuation ( increase in intramuscular fat ) .
whether optimization of sleep can ameliorate age-associated intramuscular or intermuscular adipose tissue warrants further studies.
previous studies of cdsmp have identified multiple resulting health benefits for participants as well as factors associated with participants ' completion rates.
this study investigated differences on these issues between caregiving and non-caregiving participants.
study design : secondary analysis using regression analysis to predict the outcome.
different factors influenced the completion of cdsmp workshop for caregivers and non-caregivers.
conclusions : people who provide care to others appeared to have stronger motivation to complete the workshops with greater benefits.
agencies offering cdsmp should encourage caregivers to attend.
objective : the extracts of nitraria genus are composed of nitraria alkaloids and have been used traditionally as a hypoglycemic medicine.
however , the efficacy and precise mechanism of nitraria alkaloids remain largely unknown.
methods : previously , we reported the total synthesis of ( + ) -isonitramine , one of nitraria alkaloids.
results : isonitramine exerted significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidases but not α-amylase in vitro.
in zebrafish , isonitramine alleviated the streptozotocin ( stz ) -induced postprandial hyperglycemia and protected the pancreatic damages against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in vivo.
also , isonitramine induced insulin without any toxicities and downregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( pepck ) , which catalyzes the first committed step in gluconeogenesis.
conclusion : taken together , isonitramine inhibited α-glucosidase activity and pepck expression , while increased insulin expression , resulting in attenuating the postprandial hyperglycemia.
also , isonitramine protected the pancreas from ros-mediated toxicities.
therefore , isonitramine may be a new drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
background : cancer incidence and social isolation increase along with advanced age , and social isolation potentiates the relative risk of death by cancer.
once spotted , social isolation can be averted with the intervention of a multidisciplinary team.
the secondary objectives include treatment failure , tolerance , survival , and autonomy.
methods / design : this trial is a multicenter , prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled , open-label , two-parallel group study.
the setting is @number@ french oncogeriatric centers.
participants are randomized in a 1 : 1 allocation ratio.
evaluation times involve inclusion ( randomization ) and follow-up ( @number@ months ) .
national and international recommendations could be updated based on the findings of this study.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02829762 .
registered on @date@ .
background : hiv is increasingly considered a chronic illness.
more individuals are living longer and aging with the health-related consequences associated with hiv and multi-morbidity.
exercise is a self-management approach that can promote health for people aging with hiv.
methods : we conducted a systematic review using the cochrane collaboration protocol.
two reviewers independently determined study eligibility.
we extracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias using the cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool.
meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models with review manager ( revman ) computer software.
thirty-four meta-analyses were performed.
we found no significant differences in change in cd4 count and viral load.
exercise may be considered a safe and beneficial for enhancing the health of medically stable adults aging with hiv.
objectives : long-term lower motor neuron denervation of skeletal muscle is known to result in degeneration of muscle with replacement by adipose and fibrotic tissues.
however , long-term survival of a subset of skeletal myofibers also occurs.
results : surprisingly , we discovered that human denervated myofibers survive years of denervation after full and irreversible disconnection from their motor neurons.
we found that atrophic myofibers could be rescued by home-based functional electrical stimulation ( h-bfes ) , using purpose developed stimulators and electrodes.
conclusions : human myofibers survive permanent denervation longer than generally accepted and they respond to h-bfes beyond the stage of simple atrophy.
strong interest in stem cell therapies for degenerative diseases has extended to skin aging , itself a degenerative process.
subjects were instructed to apply ha5 ls at least three times a day to ensure coverage @number@ hours a day for four weeks.
clinical assessments for efficacy and tolerability were conducted at baseline , baseline post-application , week @number@ and week @number@
thirty-six female subjects aged 22-40 years enrolled in the study.
ha5 ls was also well-tolerated and highly-rated by subjects throughout the study duration.
industry profit data from euromonitor was obtained to identify the top cosmeceutical brands by retail value in south korea.
the top selling products and their ingredients were then identified from individual brand websites.
of the various ingredients reviewed , niacinamide , green tea , licorice , and soy have the most published data for anti-aging and whitening activity.
although the literature shows modest results , small sample sizes limit interpretation.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 308-314. < / em > < / p > .
background : comorbid medical diseases are highly prevalent in the geriatric population , imposing hardship on healthcare services for demented individuals.
dementia also complicates clinical care for other co-existing medical conditions.
this study investigated the comorbidities associated with dementia in the elderly population aged @number@ years and over in taiwan.
after exclusion of incomplete or erroneous data , @number@ subjects were enrolled.
of them , @number@ were cognitively normal ( control group ) , @number@ had mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , and @number@ had dementia.
results : regardless of the cognitive condition , over @percent@ of the individuals in each group had at least one comorbid disease.
hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities.
the mean number of comorbidities and charlson comorbidity index score were greater in mci and dementia groups than in control group.
conclusion : multiple medical comorbid diseases are common in older adults , especially in those with cognitive impairment.
cerebrovascular disease , cirrhosis , asthma , and diabetes mellitus are important contributors to cognitive deterioration in the elderly.
efforts to lower cumulative medical burden in the geriatric population may benefit cognitive function.
purpose of review : the pathogenesis of lung cancer and pulmonary fibrotic disorders partially overlaps.
these characteristics are reinforced by the tissue microenvironment and inflammation seems to play an important adjuvant role in both types of disorders.
these effects may persist after a sustained virologic response ( svr ) is achieved with hcv therapy.
ultrasonography suggested age-related changes in muscle structure contributed to altered contractile properties in the od.
significance : greater muscle activation requirements can have negative implications on fatigue resistance at low to moderate intensities in older individuals.
hearing loss is widespread and persistent because mature mammalian auditory hair cells ( hcs ) are nonregenerative.
in mice , the ability to regenerate hcs from surrounding supporting cells ( scs ) declines abruptly after postnatal maturation.
we find that combining p27 interleukin ( il ) -6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin.
here , we find that central application of il-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance.
in contrast to leptin , whose action is attenuated in obesity , the ability of il-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice.
il-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal il-6-receptor ( il-6r ) expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice.
conversely , obese mice exhibit increased soluble il-6r levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
blocking il-6 trans-signaling in the cns abrogates the ability of il-6 to suppress feeding.
background : klotho gene was identified as an aging suppressor.
in animals , klotho overexpression extends life span , and defective klotho results in rapid aging and early death.
objective : we aimed to determine the consequences of a serum klotho ( sekl ) defect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during chronic dialysis.
design : the arnogene study was designed to prospectively follow a cohort of hemodialysis patients for @number@ years without specific intervention.
a total of @number@ patients was recruited and followed from the end of @number@ until @date@ .
a total of @number@ patients was analyzed due to a technical sample conservation issue with other samples.
thus , a preserved klotho function supports cardiovascular protection and may represent a prognostic tool and therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease.
objective : to measure the health and functioning of people moving into care homes and how they have changed between @number@ and @number@
setting : english longitudinal study of ageing.
stroke and adl deficits did not increase.
no differential ageing effect was observed.
conclusions : the support needs of care home entrants in england appear to be increasing over time.
this has important implications for the provision and funding of care home places and community services.
background : hypertension control in hispanics / latinos lag behind general us trends by 10-15%.
verbal fluency , information processing speed , learning , and memory were tested in spanish or english.
more intensive rather than currently recommended levels of control associated with higher verbal fluency performance regardless of adjustments ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : individual cognitive test scores related to distinct sbp management with more intensive management appearing more robust against confounders.
we hypothesize that obesity creates a low-grade inflammatory microenvironment , which stimulates wnt-signaling and thereby promotes the development of breast cancer.
collectively , these findings indicate that obesity-driven inflammation elevates wnt-signaling in mammary tissue and thereby creates a microenvironment conducive to the development of breast cancer.
this can impair the functioning of the elderly in everyday life , work and social life participation and impair their quality of life.
hence , it is important to identify the protective factors.
neurodegenerative changes are closely linked to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress.
this may be correlated to the protective effect of the bioactive substances that are present in fruits and vegetables , in particular flavonoids and carotenoids.
the analysis included the results of @number@ published epidemiological studies , including people aged 65 + .
background : the use of levothyroxine to treat subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial.
we aimed to determine whether levothyroxine provided clinical benefits in older persons with this condition.
results : the mean age of the patients was @number@ years , and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were women.
no beneficial effects of levothyroxine were seen on secondary-outcome measures.
there was no significant excess of serious adverse events prespecified as being of special interest.
conclusions : levothyroxine provided no apparent benefits in older persons with subclinical hypothyroidism.
( funded by european union fp7 and others ; trust clinicaltrials.gov number , nct01660126 . ) .
proprotein convertases ( pcs ) represent highly selective serine proteases that activate their substrates upon proteolytic cleavage.
their inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of several pathologies including cancer , atherosclerosis , hypercholesterolaemia , and infectious diseases.
two molecules of inhibitor @number@ were found to interact with furin.
therapies to extend healthspan are poised to move from laboratory animal models to human clinical trials.
translation from mouse to human will entail challenges , among them the multifactorial heterogeneity of human aging.
to inform clinical trials about this heterogeneity , we report how humans ' pace of biological aging relates to personal-history characteristics.
the childhood personal-history characteristics studied were known predictors of age-related disease and mortality , and were measured prospectively during childhood.
accumulation of more personal-history risks predicted faster pace of aging.
we report a systematic rnai longevity screen of @number@ caenorhabditis elegans genes selected based on orthology to human genes differentially expressed with age.
we find substantial enrichment in genes for which knockdown increased lifespan.
of the @number@ genes that affected lifespan , @number@ were previously unreported.
each gene displayed a distinct pattern of interaction with known aging pathways.
our data suggest that tsp-3 is a novel modulator of hypoxic signaling and rcan-1 is a context-specific calcineurin regulator.
methods : the study included @number@ allo-hsct recipients from the university hospital of cologne detected bkpyv positive by real-time pcr between @number@ and @number@
phylogenetic analysis of bkpyv isolates was performed.
a chronologic sequence viruria-viremia-hc was identified.
significant relationships were observed between task performance and age and sex , although the contributions of both factors differed by varying degree.
among the skills quantifying hand function , age accounted for the most variance in hand and finger dexterity.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with cellular and molecular mechanisms yet to be fully described.
mutations in a number of genes including sod1 and fus are associated with familial als.
consequently , periodisation strategies are not essential for optimising neuromuscular adaptations during the initial stages of resistance training in the aging population.
understanding how ageing , hiv and quality of life intersect is key to developing effective interventions to improve qol.
multivariate analysis showed that not being on benefits was the variable most consistently associated with better quality of life , as was being partnered.
concerns about everyday memory difficulties , and anxiety and depression scores were strong predictors of poorer quality of life.
podocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the kidney filtration barrier.
they are subjected to physiological filtration pressure and considerable mechanical strain , which can be further increased in various kidney diseases.
yap overexpression in cultured podocytes increased the abundance of extracellular matrix-related proteins that can contribute to fibrosis.
to reduce the risk of heat-related injuries in these heat vulnerable individuals , it is necessary to identify interventions that can attenuate this impairment.
randomized controlled trial evidence that vascular anatomy should inform the choice between cas and carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) has been lacking.
vascular anatomy should be taken into account when selecting patients for stenting.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : isrctn25337470.
in multicellular organisms , the pn is regulated at the cellular , tissue , and systemic level to ensure organismal health and longevity.
research design and methods : a total of @number@ adults were prospectively monitored until @number@
bmi ( kg / m results : during a mean follow-up period of @number@ years , @number@ men and @number@ women died.
u-shaped associations were observed regardless of diabetes status , sex , age , and smoking history.
optimal bmi ( kg / m conclusions : u-curve relationships existed regardless of diabetes status.
optimal bmi for lowest mortality became gradually higher with worsening diabetes for each sex and each age-group.
aim : to examine the relationship between retinal vascular morphology and cognitive abilities in a narrow-age cohort of community-dwelling older people.
against the background of an aging workforce , the investigation of the interconnection of mental fatigue and aging is of great practical relevance.
in the present study , a group of younger and a group of older adults performed a cognitive task for 3h.
the experimental design also comprised breaks with various durations.
beside behavioral data , the spectral properties of the ongoing eeg with respect to time on task and breaks were analyzed.
in the later course of the experiment modulations in frontal theta power became larger for older , compared to younger adults.
this may indicate strain due to task demands , eventually resulting from the deployment of compensatory processes.
occipital alpha , which has been linked to internally oriented brain states , saturates faster in younger adults.
it thus maybe , that especially the younger participants ' performance deteriorated due to the monotonous nature of the task itself.
elder abuse is an important public health and human rights issue , yet its true extent is not well understood.
to address this , we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of elder abuse prevalence studies from around the world.
this protocol describes the methodological approach to be adopted for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis.
background : dna methylation changes at a discrete set of sites in the human genome are predictive of chronological and biological age.
however , it is not known whether these changes are causative or a consequence of an underlying ageing process.
it has also not been shown whether this epigenetic clock is unique to humans or conserved in the more experimentally tractable mouse.
results : we have generated a comprehensive set of genome-scale base-resolution methylation maps from multiple mouse tissues spanning a wide range of ages.
many cpg sites show significant tissue-independent correlations with age which allowed us to develop a multi-tissue predictor of age in the mouse.
while females and males show no significant differences in predicted dna methylation age , ovariectomy results in significant age acceleration in females.
furthermore , we identify significant differences in age-acceleration dependent on the lipid content of the diet.
conclusions : here we identify and characterise an epigenetic predictor of age in mice , the mouse epigenetic clock.
background : ribonuclease-l ( rnase-l ) was known to be a ubiquitous enzyme involved in several cellular functions , especially innate immunity.
it was recently shown to participate in adipogenesis in rodents.
here , we developed a method to measure serum levels of rnase-l and analyzed the relationship between rnase-l and metabolic syndrome ( mets ) .
methods : a total of @number@ subjects were recruited from a health check-up program.
an in-house rnase-l immunoassay was developed.
the serum rnase-l levels of these subjects were measured , and the association of mets-related factors with rnase-l levels was assessed.
the subjects with central obesity , elevated blood pressure , or impaired fasting glucose also had lower serum rnase-l levels in comparison to those without.
moreover , age is inversely related to serum rnase-l levels in various analyses.
conclusions : the serum rnase-l levels were inversely associated with mets , unfavorable metabolic profiles , and age.
background : nutrition clubs ( nc ) operate in community settings and provide members with nutrition education and meal replacements for weight management.
nc are owned and operated by distributors of herbalife products.
results : participants were predominantly female ( @percent@ ) and hispanic ( @percent@ ) .
in addition , most of the nc members ( @percent@ ) were satisfied with herbalife nc membership for themselves and their families.
conclusion : herbalife nc membership was positively associated with perceived health and measured cardiometabolic benefits.
however , causality cannot be inferred from these findings.
sirt6 knock-out mice have been reported to develop typical features of aging and senescence at the age of 2-3 weeks and die within @number@ weeks.
the aim of this study was to investigate whether sequence variations of sirt6 are associated with aging and longevity in finnish men.
single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in the exons and their surroundings of the sirt6 were studied using direct pcr sequencing.
the heterozygosity of the same snp was seen in 2 / 63 men from the hbs-cohort ( maf @number@ ) .
fisher exact test was performed in our two combined study samples.
the p-value for all samples combined was @number@ and the odds ratio @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval @number@.96-13.4 ) .
conclusions : these results suggest an inverse association between the t allele of rs117385980 and longevity.
the result needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
analyses focused on @number@ conditions : angina , arthritis , asthma , chronic lung disease , depression , and hypertension.
higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified over @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with prostate cancer.
however , information on the mechanistic basis for some associations is limited.
objective : benzodiazepines ( bzds ) are the most commonly prescribed compounds in insomnia.
a long-term of bzds use may cause dependence and abuse.
during nrem sleep , patients showed a clear decrease in the relative power of delta band.
background / objective : studies on the association of dementia with specific body composition ( bc ) components are scarce.
our aim was to investigate associations of bc measures with different levels of cognitive function in late-life.
visceral fat , abdominal and thigh subcutaneous fat , and thigh muscle were assessed by computed tomography.
mci and dementia were based on clinical assessment and a consensus meeting ; those without mci or dementia were categorised as normal.
multinomial regression models assessed the associations stratified by sex and in additional analyses by midlife body mass index ( bmi ) .
inverse associations of fat with dementia were attenuated by weight change from midlife and were strongest in women with midlife bmi < 25.
in men , one sd increase in thigh muscle was associated with a decreased likelihood of dementia ( @number@ @number@.61-0.92 ) .
bc was not associated with mci in men or women.
methods : data were obtained from the taiwan longitudinal study of aging and analyzed retrospectively.
results : functional decline over a 4- and 8-year period was noted in approximately @percent@ and @percent@ of study participants , respectively.
the association between cc and current adl score was stronger than the association between current adl score and either bmi or mac.
conclusions : bmi is a significant predictor of decline of functional ability in taiwanese adults ≥ @number@ years old.
cc is an important anthropometric indicator of current functional ability among older adults.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia.
cerebral vascular diseases and initial stages of neurodegenerative processes are the cause of mci.
clinical characteristics of mci depend on the main etiological factor.
dopaminergic and noradrenergic therapy is most prevalent among pharmacological methods.
purpose : although physical activity is an established risk factor for chronic disease prevention , the specific mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of @number@ healthy us women in the women's lifestyle validation study , @number@ to @number@
further adjustment for body mass index ( bmi ) attenuated these associations , but the associations with adipokines remained significant.
in the sensitivity analysis , the associations were similar but attenuated when physical activity was measured using the subjective physical activity questionnaire.
biomimetic proteoglycans are synthesized by an end-on attachment of natural chondroitin sulfate bristles to a synthetic poly ( acryloyl chloride ) backbone.
water uptake results indicated that biomimetic proteoglycans had a ∼50% increased water uptake compared to native aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate alone.
objectives : anti-carbamylated protein ( anti-carp ) antibodies are detected in ra patients.
fetal calf serum is used as an antigen source in anti-carp elisa , and the precise target antigens have not been found.
we aimed to identify the target antigens of anti-carp antibodies.
methods : western blotting of anti-carp antibodies was conducted.
anti-carbamylated human albumin ( caralb ) antibody was detected by in-house elisa for @number@ ra patients and @number@ healthy controls ( hcs ) .
an inhibition elisa of anti-carp antibodies by caralb and citrullinated albumin ( citalb ) was performed using eight ra patients ' sera.
results : we focused on carbamylated albumin because it corresponded to the size of the thickest band detected by western blotting of anti-carp antibodies.
the inhibition elisa showed that anti-carp antibodies were inhibited by caralb , but not by citalb.
altogether , our study demonstrates glycation constitutes a novel drug target that can be explored in synucleinopathies as well as in other neurodegenerative conditions.
background : depression is associated with worse executive function , but underlying mechanisms might differ by age.
aims : to investigate whether vascular disease burden affects the association between depression and executive dysfunction differentially by age.
results : adjusted for demographic characteristics , major depressive disorder was associated with a lower level of executive function in both younger and older adults.
minor depressive disorder was only associated with worse executive function in younger adults.
conclusions : major depression was associated with worse executive function across the lifespan , but minor depression only in younger adults.
the impact of vascular burden on the association did not differ between younger and older adults.
therefore , vascular risk reduction is important in both age groups.
calcium channels control the inflow of calcium ions into cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions.
carriers of the cacna1c allele a exhibited greater left mofc thickness compared to non-carriers.
significance : oxidative stress is thought to account for aberrant redox homeostasis and contribute to aging and disease.
however , more often than not , administration of antioxidants is ineffective , suggesting that our current understanding of the underlying regulatory processes is incomplete.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 000-000.
the aortic root is wedged within the cardiac base.
the precise extent of aortic wedging , however , and its influence on the surrounding cardiac structures , has not been systematically investigated.
we analysed @number@ consecutive patients , who underwent coronary arterial computed tomographic angiography.
we assessed the extent of aortic wedging by measuring the vertical distance between the non-adjacent aortic sinus and the inferior epicardium.
a shorter distance indicates deeper aortic wedging.
the mean extent of wedging was @number@ ± @number@ mm.
understanding mitochondrial physiology in the context of brain aging may help identify therapeutic targets against neurodegeneration.
this article is part of a series \ "beyond amyloid \ ".
it can be present in all age groups.
evidence is given to the daytime predictors of early symptoms of sdb , important indicators for the proper time to initiate mechanical ventilation.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is associated with procedural learning deficits.
thus , it is unknown whether these group differences in learning are due to reward processing or learning in general.
we found that patients with pd showed significantly less reward-related learning improvements compared to hcs.
in addition , stronger learning of rewarded associations over unrewarded associations was significantly correlated with smaller skin-conductance responses for hcs but not pd patients.
these results demonstrate that when separating the effect of reward from the effect of corrective feedback , pd patients do not benefit from reward.
soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products ( srage ) can decoy the toxic ages and is considered to be a protective factor.
a total of @number@ young women and @number@ ama women who would undergo ivf were included in this prospective study.
besides , correlations between srage and age or follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) were examined.
in young patients , srage showed no correlation with the number of retrieved oocytes , fertilized oocytes , high-quality embryos or achievement of clinical pregnancy.
in conclusion , the srage levels decrease with age.
low vitamin d and k status are both associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
we used data from a subsample of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam , a population-based cohort of dutch participants aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the reference interval was defined as the central @percent@ range , and was determined based on age and gender.
reference intervals decreased with age for all enzymes , except gaa.
the ranges of gla and galc were higher in females , whereas gba was higher in males.
conclusion : the study establishes age and gender-specific reference values for the screening and identification of lysosomal storage disorders in indian population.
our data may facilitate establishment of mass screening programs for these disorders in india.
ageing is a complex process characterized by a general decline in physiological functions with increasing morbidity and mortality.
it has been widely demonstrated that ageing has a strong impact on the remodelling of the b cell branch of immune system.
this is accompanied by the increase of expanded clones of b cells , which correlates with poor health status.
age-related modifications also occur in naïve / memory b cells subsets.
finally , elderly show the impaired ability of memory b cells to differentiate into plasma cells.
background : blood trauma caused by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices ( cf-lvads ) has been associated with device thrombosis and anemia.
accurate in vivo quantification of erythrocyte turnover and its contribution to cf-lvad complications have yet to be elucidated.
methods : we investigated the age ( lifespan ) of circulating erythrocytes in subjects with cf-lvad.
end-tidal breath co levels were measured and used to calculate erythrocyte lifespan.
the lifespans in these @number@ groups were significantly shorter compared with normal controls ( @number@ ± @number@ days , both p < @number@ ) .
a receiver operator curve demonstrated high sensitivity-specificity for use of erythrocyte lifespan to detect device thrombosis ( auc = @number@ ) .
conclusions : erythrocyte lifespan is substantially reduced in subjects with a cf-lvad , which was more pronounced in the presence of device thrombosis.
the etiology of anemia in cf-lvad was primarily due to accelerated erythrocyte aging.
further studies are needed to determine whether erythrocyte lifespan could provide a practical means of detecting subtle pre-clinical thrombosis.
background : obesity and low crf are well-established risk factors for hf.
however , given the inverse association between crf and obesity , the independent contributions of bmi toward hf risk are not fully understood.
methods : we included @number@ participants from the cooper center longitudinal study who survived to receive medicare coverage , from @number@ to @number@
crf was estimated in metabolic equivalents ( mets ) according to balke treadmill time.
results : after @number@ person-years of follow-up , we observed @number@ hf hospitalization events.
furthermore , bmi change is not significantly associated with hf risk after adjusting for crf changes.
these findings highlight the importance of crf in mediating bmi-associated hf risk.
methods : asymptomatic chs participants with interpretable 24-h baseline holter recordings were included ( n = @number@ ) .
the c-statistic for the final model was significantly improved over the health abc model alone ( @number@ vs. @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : abnormal hrv parameters were significantly and independently associated with incident chf in asymptomatic , older adults.
when combined with increased pvcs , hrv improved the predictive power of the health abc score.
the specific sirt1 activator srt1720 increases mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle , presumably by activating sirt1.
however , sirt1 gain of function does not increase mitochondrial function , which raises a question about the central role of sirt1 in srt1720 action.
inhibiting the camp effector protein epac prevents srt1720 from activating ampk or sirt1 in myotubes.
moreover , srt1720 does not increase mitochondrial function or improve glucose tolerance in ampkα2 knockout mice.
interestingly , weight loss induced by srt1720 is not sufficient to improve glucose tolerance.
therefore , contrary to current belief , the metabolic effects produced by srt1720 require ampk , which can be activated independently of sirt1.
methods : twenty participants with and @number@ without clbp participated in the study.
each group contained @number@ younger ( @percent@ men ) and @number@ older adults ( @percent@ men ) .
the center of pressure area , mean velocity , and mean frequency in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured.
results : older adults had worse standing balance than younger adults did ( p < @number@ d = @number@ ) .
there were no significant balance differences between participants with and without clbp within age groups during standing balance condition.
these effects for people with clbp were d = @number@ for subgroup of older and d = @number@ for subgroup of younger participants.
conclusion : holding an external load of @percent@ of body mass increased postural instability of both younger and older adults with and without clbp.
skin provides barrier protection for the body , but aging disrupts epidermal barrier function.
hu et al. show that disruption of the epidermal barrier increases serum cytokine levels partly because of increased cytokine production by the skin.
they then show that restoring epidermal barrier function in aged mice reduces circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
gender differences in j point height exist.
previous studies suggest male sex hormones mediate effects on cardiovascular disease through myocardial repolarization.
our objective was to assess whether male and female sex hormones are associated with j point amplitude in healthy subjects.
baseline j point amplitude ( jpa ) was obtained from continuous surface electrocardiograms.
plasma testosterone ( t ) , dihydrotestosterone , estrone , 17-estradiol ( e2 ) , and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured.
a free testosterone index ( fti ) was calculated.
multivariate regression analysis stratified by gender and electrocardiographic lead location was used to determine independent predictors of maximum jpa.
total testosterone was positively associated with anterior electrocardiographic lead jpa in women ( β = @number@ p < 0.02 ) , but not in men.
e2 was positively associated with inferior lead jpa ( β = @number@ p < 0.03 ) in men but not in women.
total testosterone levels were positively associated with jpa in anterior leads ( β = @number@ p < 0.05 ) in women.
male volunteers in the highest tertile of fti demonstrated greater lateral jpa compared with the lowest tertile ( p < 0.05 ) .
women in the highest tertile of fti demonstrated greater anterior lead jpa compared with the lowest tertile ( p < 0.05 ) .
background : exercise exerts remarkably powerful effects on metabolism and health , with anti-disease and anti-aging outcomes.
pharmacological manipulation of exercise benefit circuits might improve the health of the sedentary and the aging populations.
still , how exercised muscle signals to induce system-wide health improvement remains poorly understood.
with a long-term interest in interventions that promote animal-wide health improvement , we sought to define exercise options for caenorhabditis elegans.
results : here , we report on the impact of single swim sessions on c. elegans physiology.
we used microcalorimetry to show that c. elegans swimming has a greater energy cost than crawling.
thirty-eight svmci patients and @number@ sivd patients were enrolled.
the regional pib uptake values and svd markers were obtained and compared between groups.
additionally , correlations among amyloid burden , svd , and cognition were made.
the topographical pattern of amyloid deposition and its impact on clinical status in pure subcortical vascular cognitive impairment were different from those in alzheimer's disease.
frailty is an important concept in aging research and care.
this literature review allows to identify predictors of frailty considering its physical , psychological and social domains.
from the evidence found , it is possible to formulate a profile of fragile older people.
statins may promote epc / cec mobilization in the peripheral blood.
@number@.9 ( @number@ ) , iv.
@number@.9 ( @number@ ) ] , cfu-ecs [ median ( iqr ) : @date@ ( @number@ ) , @date@ ( @number@ ) , iii.
47 ( @number@ ) , iv.
30 ( @number@ ) ] , and ecfcs [ median ( iqr ) : @date@ ( @number@ ) , @date@ ( @number@ ) , iii.
8 / ( @number@ ) , iv.
25 ( @number@ ) , iv.
15 ( @number@ ) ] .
background : the platysma is a superficial muscle involved in important features of the aging neck.
vertical bands , horizontal lines , and loss of lower face contour are effectively treated with botulinum toxin a ( bont-a ) .
however , its pars facialis , mandibularis , and modiolaris have been underappreciated.
objective : to demonstrate the role of bont-a treatment of the upper platysma and its impact on lower face dynamics and contour.
photographs were taken at rest and during motion ( frontal and oblique views ) , before and after treatment.
conclusion : the upper platysma muscle plays a relevant role in the functional anatomy of the lower face that can be modulated safely with neuromodulators.
purpose of review : to give an overview of recent research findings and insights on the role of body composition assessment in fracture risk prediction.
more evidence is needed to support certain fat-related indicators in fracture risk prediction , but regional adiposity measures appear promising.
an ongoing debate in demography has focused on whether the human lifespan has a maximal natural limit.
we define leukocyte telomere length of @number@ kb as the ' telomeric brink' , which denotes a high risk of imminent death.
we show that a subset of adults may reach the telomeric brink within the current life expectancy and more so for a 100-year life expectancy.
thus , secular trends in life expectancy should confront a biological limit due to crossing the telomeric brink.
genetic studies of complex traits have mainly identified associations with noncoding variants.
we identified @number@ expression quantitative trait loci ( eqtls ) and @number@ splicing quantitative trait loci ( sqtls ) , including @number@ new qtls.
using family relationships , we identified @number@ segregating expression outliers ( median z score of @number@ ) , averaging @number@ genes per individual.
outlier genes were enriched for proximal rare variants , providing a new approach to study large-effect regulatory variants and their relevance to traits.
our results provide insight into the effects of regulatory variants and their relationship to population history and individual genetic risk.
alzheimer's disease is characterized by hippocampal atrophy.
other factors also influence the hippocampal volume , but their interactive effect has not been investigated before in cognitively healthy individuals.
also , to investigate how comparable the control groups from adni , aibl , and addneuromed are with five population-based cohorts.
anova and random forest were used for testing between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables.
multiple regression was used to study the influence of demographic-clinical variables on hippocampal volume.
ancova was used to analyze whether between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables explained between-cohort differences in hippocampal volume.
age and global brain atrophy were the most important variables in explaining variability in hippocampal volume.
these variables were not only important themselves but also in interaction with gender , education , mmse , and total intracranial volume.
addneuromed , adni , and aibl differed from the population-based cohorts in several demographic-clinical variables that had a significant effect on hippocampal volume.
variability in hippocampal volume in individuals with normal cognition is high.
differences that previously tended to be related to disease mechanisms could also be partly explained by demographic and clinical factors independent from the disease.
furthermore , cognitively normal individuals especially from adni and aibl are not representative of the general population.
the pelvis , one of the most important cavities in the human body , is involved in human reproduction health.
the pelvis changes in females with age and reproduction-related changes in hormones.
women generally lack sufficient knowledge regarding their pelvic-health needs and feel embarrassed to seek pelvic-health-related medical advice.
conversely , medical care related to women's health focuses mainly on maternal health and cancer prevention.
when facing the challenges of pelvic floor dysfunction , surgical procedures are the most common treatment modality.
the present article aims to define pelvic health and to compare the differences in perspective on this issue between the medical and women.
lastly , suggestions for pelvic healthcare that focus on women's needs are made.
purpose : the proportion of the population , that is older , is growing at a faster rate than other age groups.
physical activity is important for older people because it assists in living independently.
the aim of this article was to investigate the factors contributing to older people's decisions to stop participation in a resistance training program.
this population received a questionnaire in the mail focused on factors contributing to their cessation of resistance training exercise.
qualitative results were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
results : fifty-six survey responses were received ( average age @number@ years , sd = 9.0 ; @percent@ females ) .
injury , illness , and holidaying were the main reasons for ceasing participation.
introduction : the social adaptation self-evaluation scale ( sass ) is used to measure social function and social motivation in depressed patients.
there is little attention to social function in the treatment of depression.
the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the persian version of sass ( p-sass ) for older adults.
participants and methods : this is a cross-sectional and methodological study.
the participants were @number@ community-dwelling older adults living in tehran who were selected randomly from the primary health care centers.
the cronbach's conclusion : p-sass has good reliability and validity for older adults.
so , it can be considered as an appropriate tool to evaluate the social function and social motivation of older persons with and without depression.
small dense ldl ( sdldl ) has been reported to be more atherogenic than large buoyant ldl ( lbldl ) .
we examined the metabolism and protein composition of sdldl and lbldl in six subjects with combined hyperlipidemia on placebo and rosuvastatin @number@ mg / day.
we amid to explore the role of tug1 and mir-421 in the age-related cataract.
methods : the expression level of tug1 , mir-421 and caspase-3 were detected by rt-qpcr.
the apoptotic-related protein , caspase-3 , bax and blc-2 were analyzed by western blot.
we performed ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation to induce sar01 / 04 cell apoptosis which was analyzed by flow cytometry.
rip pull-down and luciferase reporter assay were used to verified the combination and regulating among tug1 , mir-421 and caspase-3.
the apoptosis-related protein , caspase-3 , bax and blc-2 were abnormal expression in the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract tissue.
tug1 negatively regulated mir-421 expression and promoted uv irradiation-induced sar01 / 04 cell apoptosis.
furthermore , this study confirmed tug1 could been in combination with mir-421 , and tug1 and caspase-3 were both a directly target of mir-421.
conclusion : tug1 modulated lens epithelial cell apoptosis through mir-421 / caspase-3 axis.
these findings will offer a novel insight into the pathogenesis of cataract.
facial wrinkling is one of the most notable signs of skin aging.
men and women show different wrinkling patterns yet the lifestyle and physiological factors underlying these sex-specific patterns are relatively unknown.
here , we investigated sex-specific determinants for facial wrinkles.
wrinkle area was quantified digitally using facial photographs of @number@ northwestern europeans ( 51-98 years , @percent@ female ) .
in summary , we validated known and identified additional determinants for wrinkling.
skin aging-reducing strategies should incorporate the sex differences found in this study.
following overnight fasting , basal serum levels of mbdnf and tbdnf were assessed ( human elisa kits ) at baseline and post-intervention.
at baseline , mbdnf and tbdnf levels were comparable in the two groups , tg and cg.
post-intervention , no significant within-group or between-group changes were observed in mbdnf or tbdnf.
here , we sought to identify sad-associated genes and their potential mechanisms involved in sad pathogenesis.
a 2-stage design was employed.
variants in cd2ap were significantly associated with sad risk in our subjects.
furthermore , cd2ap gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes ( pbl ) from @number@ sad patients and @number@ controls was determined.
cd2ap gene expression in pbl was significantly decreased in patients with sad as compared with controls.
cognitive function was assessed using the chicago cognitive function measure ( ccfm ) for @number@ participants.
we estimate these models using impulse-response analysis and variance decomposition.
the results show that health expenditure in italy reacts more to the ageing population compared with life expectancy and per capita gdp.
we consider the implications of this work for health care policy suggestions and for future research.
objective : this prospective study examined the relationships of aging , persist overweight and plasma fatty acids with arterial stiffening over @number@ years.
background : young adults with familial hypercholesterolemia ( fh ) are at a critical period for establishing behaviors to promote future cardiovascular health.
analyses were conducted using a modified grounded theory framework.
further research should explore the efficacy of recommended interventions.
background : lipoprotein-x ( lp-x ) is an abnormal phospholipid-rich lipoprotein found in patients with cholestatic liver disease.
some patients exhibit skin xanthomas and severe hyperlipidemia.
objective : we investigated whether lp-x induces foam cell formation in human-derived macrophages.
we prepared oxidized ldl and acetylated ldl from healthy volunteers for the positive control experiments.
one case underwent liver biopsy , with the bile ducts showing marked damage , fulfilling the criteria for vanishing bile duct syndrome.
the other case was clinically diagnosed as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.
in both cases , lp-x levels decreased markedly and the xanthomas disappeared completely after the improvement of cholestasis.
conclusion : this study indicates that lp-x induces foam cell formation in human-derived macrophages.
our findings strongly suggest that persistently elevated lp-x may cause xanthomas.
background and objective : human motor skills or impairments have been traditionally assessed by neurologists by means of paper-and-pencil tests or special hardware.
the objective of this paper is twofold.
then , we carry out a study to determine whether the data collected by motorbrain can be meaningful for describing aging in human motor performance.
methods : a sample of healthy participants ( n = @number@ ) carried out the motor tests using motorbrain on a smartphone.
the data collected by the app characterizes accuracy , reaction times , and speed of movement.
it was analyzed to investigate differences between the two groups.
results : the app does allow measuring differences in neuromotor performance.
data collected by the app allowed us to assess performance differences due to the aging of the neuromuscular system.
motorbrain supports the building of a large database of neuromotor data , which can be used for normative purposes in clinical use.
all subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer.
results : absolute numbers of tregs were similar in both groups at rest.
age-associated alterations in the mucosal immune system are generally termed mucosal immunosenescence.
in this regard , we postulate that adoptively transferred amscs could augment dendritic cell functions in aged mice.
the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby amscs restore mucosal immunity in immunosenescence are discussed in this short review.
a stem cell transfer system could be an attractive and effective immunologic intervention strategy to reverse mucosal immunosenescence.
methods : cross sectional data was derived from the osteoarthritis initiative.
the haplogroup was assigned through a combination of sequencing and pcr-rflp techniques.
depression was ascertained through the 20-item center for epidemiologic studies-depression ( ces-d ) , with ≥16 indicating depressive symptoms.
results : overall , @number@ caucasian participants ( @percent@ women ) , mean age of @number@.7±9.3 years were included.
the same results were evident in secondary analysis in which we matched depressed and non-depressed participants for age and sex.
limitations : cross-sectional design ; only ces-d for evaluating mood ; participants not totally representative of general population.
conclusions : we found no evidence of any relationship between specific mitochondrial haplogroups and depressive symptoms.
future longitudinal research is required to confirm / refute these findings.
the aim of this study was to examine whether cerebellar and brainstem changes emerge during development or aging in late life.
we retrospectively analyzed magnetic resonance imaging scans from @number@ males ( age 8-81 years ) .
volume changes in the cerebellum and brainstem were contrasted with those in the ventricles and whole brain.
background : the mitral valve has a complex three-dimensional ( 3d ) morphology that is incompletely described by two-dimensional echocardiography ( echo ) .
three-dimensional echo provides a more robust tool to analyze the mitral valve.
the shape of the mitral annulus and leaflets , and differences with age , have not been described by 3d echo in normal children.
methods : three-dimensional midsystolic mitral valve models were constructed in @number@ children and young adults with normal echocardiograms using 3d transthoracic images.
annular and leaflet metrics were quantified and regression equations were prepared.
interuser and intrauser variability was measured.
three-dimensional mitral valve area , length , and volume parameters were linearly related to body surface area ( p < @number@ ) .
interuser and intrauser variability were acceptable.
the saddle shape of the mitral annulus was preserved across age and size.
most mitral valve parameters increased linearly with patient size.
further investigation is warranted to explore changes in valve morphology in the pediatric population in health and with disease.
methylene blue ( mb ) is commonly used in diagnostic procedures and is also used to treat various medical conditions.
neurological effects of mb have been reported in clinical observations and experimental studies.
thus the modulation of gaba impaired immune function has been implicated in the declining health and higher incidence of cancer in the elderly.
however , age-related changes to immunity are not completely understood.
neutrophils and macrophages represent the first line of defence yet their ability to phagocytose pathogens decrease with aging.
cytotoxic t lymphocytes are critical in eliminating tumors , but t cell function is also compromised with aging.
t cell responses can be regulated by macrophages and may depend on the functional phenotype macrophages adopt in response to microenvironmental signals.
this can range from pro-inflammatory , anti-tumorigenic m1 to anti-inflammatory , pro-tumorigenic m2 macrophages.
these m2-like macrophages demonstrate altered responses to stimuli.
recent studies suggest that neutrophils also regulate t cell function and , like macrophages , neutrophil function is modulated with aging.
this review discusses recent advances in macrophage and neutrophil biology in healthy aging and cancer.
one issue is whether amyloid and tangle pathology , features of ad , or α-synuclein lb pathology have similar or different effects on brain inflammation.
an aim of this study was to examine if certain features of inflammation changed in brains with increasing lb pathology.
changes in cd200 and icam-1 levels did not correlate with lb pathology , but with ad pathology.
cd200 negatively correlated with density of neurofibrillary tangles , phosphorylated tau , and amyloid plaque density.
icam-1 positively correlated with these ad pathology measures.
these results suggest that there are different features of inflammatory pathology in diseases associated with abnormal α-synuclein compared with ad.
correlations in activity across disparate brain regions during rest reveal functional networks in the brain.
here we used a dual-regression approach to investigate age-related alterations in resting-state networks.
in addition , we observed age-related decline in functional connectivity in @number@ visual and @number@ motor / visuospatial networks.
both reduced within-network connectivity and increased out-of-network connectivity were correlated with poor cognitive performance , providing potential biomarkers for cognitive aging.
methods : twenty-four fresh-frozen gluteus medius specimens were obtained through a posterolateral approach to the hip.
specimens aged @number@ years or older , of either sex , and of any race were considered for this study.
the average age of donors was @number@ years ( range , 18-68 years ) .
each sample was divided into @number@ portions : musculotendinous , tendinous , and tendon-bone junction.
a comparison of the microvessel density between zones according to age was performed by an analysis of variance.
to evaluate the relation between microvessel supply and age , a regression model with curvilinear estimation was used.
the data were fitted to a quadratic model.
clinical relevance : the findings of our study may have implications for increased vulnerability of the gluteus medius tendon and decreased healing potential.
the peak stress for s / st was significantly higher than for vs / vst ( p < 0.0001 ) .
the peak stress for vps / vpst was significantly higher than for vs / vst ( p < 0.0001 ) .
the peak stress for s / st was significantly higher than vps / vpst ( p = 0.025 ) .
conclusion : fluoride varnish applied immediately before pit and fissure sealant placement negatively affected the shear bond strength of the sealant.
the literature has documented a positive relationship between walkable built environments and outdoor mobility in older adults.
yet , surprisingly absent is any consideration of how weather conditions modify the impact of neighbourhood walkability.
even older adults who lived in very walkable neighbourhoods walked to @number@ per cent fewer destinations in snow.
it is crucial to consider the impact of weather in the relationship between neighbourhood walkability and older adult mobility.
background / objectives : a previous fall is a strong predictor of future falls.
recent epidemiologic data suggest that deficits in processing speed predict future injurious falls.
design : 12-month prospective cohort study.
setting : vancouver falls prevention clinic , canada ( www.fallsclinic.ca ) .
second , we used the extracted five factors as predictors in regression models predicting the incidence of falls over a 12-month prospective observation period.
we conducted regression analyses for the seven falls-related categories ( defined above ) .
conclusion : poorer performance on the processing speed factor , a trainable factor , was independently associated with the most costly type of falls-injurious falls.
methods : one hundred forty-five healthy volunteers participated in the study.
the participants were classified into @number@ groups on the basis of sex and age.
the knee extension force in the sitting position and thickness of the quadriceps femoris muscle were also measured.
in contrast , the mean and sum of entropy were significantly decreased in the younger group compared with the middle-aged and elderly groups.
yet , it is unclear whether variation in liver availability is arbitrary and a disparity requiring rectification or reflects differences in access to care.
we show that higher mortality leading to greater availability of organs may in part result from disproportionate risks incurred at the local level.
disparities in public safety laws , health care infrastructure , and public funding may influence the risk of death and subsequent availability of deceased donors.
these risk factors are disproportionately prevalent in regions with high organ supply.
variation in liver availability may not be an \ "accident of geography \ " but rather a byproduct of disadvantage.
introduction : optimal vitamin d status promotes skeletal health and is recommended with specific treatment in individuals at high risk for fragility fractures.
a growing body of literature has provided indirect and some direct evidence for possible extraskeletal vitamin d-related effects.
hypertension is associated with development of white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) in the brain , which are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment.
hormonal shifts at menopause alter vascular function putting women at risk for both hypertension and wmh.
therefore , this study aimed to characterize aortic hemodynamics in relationship to wmh in postmenopausal women.
the high evolutionary rate was partly due to relaxation of some selection pressures and partly to distinct positive selection of sod1 in great apes.
these features consistently point towards selection against the malicious aggregation effects of elevated sod1 levels in long-living great apes.
estrogen modulates adrenergic reactivity of macrovessels , resulting in weaker α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in females than males.
however , the mechanisms governing this important sex-specific difference are not well understood.
we hypothesized that vessels of females express more dilatory β-adrenoceptors , which counteract constrictive effects of α-adrenoceptors.
this hypothesis was tested using aortas of normotensive ( wky ) and hypertensive rats ( shr ) , along with human mammary artery.
given the effect of aging on functional capacity , self-management may be especially challenging for older patients.
however , little is known about the specific challenges older adults face maintaining ckd self-management regimens.
the central organizing concept that emerged from these data were managing complexity.
participants typically did not have just one chronic condition , ckd , but a number of commonly co-occurring conditions.
recommendations for ckd self-management therefore occurred within a complex regimen of recommendations for managing other diseases.
modelling the human brain as a complex network has provided a powerful mathematical framework to characterize the structural and functional architectures of the brain.
one of the most influential findings is that human brain networks exhibit prominent small-world organization.
moreover , the small-world organization undergoes continuous changes during normal development and ageing and exhibits dramatic alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
finally , we highlight several challenging issues and areas for future research in this rapidly growing field.
age-related decline in fluid cognition can be characterized as a disconnection among specific brain structures , leading to a decline in functional efficiency.
the potential sources of disconnection , however , are unclear.
at a more specific level of analysis , resting-state functional connectivity of sensorimotor networks was a significant mediator of the age-related decline in executive function.
constant comparative analysis methods will be used for data analysis.
background : wearable sensors have the potential to provide clinicians with access to motor performance of people with movement disorder as they undergo intervention.
however , sensor data often have to be manually classified and segmented before they can be processed into clinical metrics.
this process can be time consuming.
these algorithms were developed using a homogenous population of healthy older adults.
the aim of this study was to investigate the transferability of these algorithms in people with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
methods : a modified timed up and go task was used since it is comprised of these activities , all performed in a continuous fashion.
they were outfitted with @number@ imus covering each body segment.
raw data from imus were detrended , normalized and filtered to reveal kinematics peaks that corresponded to different activities.
segmentation was accomplished by identifying the first minimum or maximum to the right and the left of these peaks.
segmentation times were compared to results from two examiners who visually segmented the activities.
specificity and sensitivity were used to evaluate the accuracy of the detection algorithms.
however , with modifications to the imus selection , we were able to detect these activities with @percent@ accuracy.
similarly , applying the same segmentation to pd population , we were able to isolate these activities within ~500 ms of the visual segmentation.
re-optimizing the filtering frequencies , we were able to reduce this difference to ~400 ms.
background : alongside the global population ageing phenomenon , there has been a rise in the number of individuals who suffer from multiple chronic conditions.
lastly , we consider whether the impact of the multi-morbidity on disability varies by socio-demographic characteristics.
methods : data were drawn from wave @number@ ( @date@ ) of the south african study on global ageing and adult health.
disability was measured using the 12-item world health organisation disability assessment schedule ( whodas ) @number@
nearly half of the respondents had a hypertensive blood pressure when measured during the interview , but had not been previously diagnosed.
a further third self-reported they had been told by a health professional they had hypertension.
hypertension was insignificant and did not change the direction or size of the effect of the multi-morbidity measure substantially.
the interactions between number of chronic conditions with wealth were significant at the @percent@ level.
conclusions : the diagnosis of multiple chronic conditions , can be used to identify those most at risk of severe disability.
limited resources should be prioritized for such individuals in terms of preventative , rehabilitative and palliative care.
in addition to the licensed indications , other special populations were considered for discussion.
the potential impact of neutralizing antibodies and systemic toxicity were also addressed.
the safety and patient satisfaction data from these publications are discussed in this review.
studies have been conducted with scars in various parts of the body and further research is ongoing.
dermatological and other medical uses for bont-a are also active areas of research.
these areas have shown great promise to date , but more and larger clinical studies will be required before these treatments become a clinical reality.
to this end details are also provided of clinical trials currently listed in the main clinical trials database to highlight research areas of particular interest.
botulinum toxin ( bont ) has been approved for aesthetic use since @number@
the uk doctors who trained with scott soon realized the significant potential offered by bont type a as a therapeutic option for several difficult-to-treat diseases.
dysport was approved in europe for the treatment of specific dystonias in @date@ and now has marketing authorizations in @number@ countries.
since then , the use of bont in therapeutic and aesthetic indications has grown year-on-year , and continues to expand well beyond scott's initial aim.
for example , ongoing trials are assessing potential new indications for bont-a , including acne and psoriasis.
this review focuses on the history of dysport to mark the 25th anniversary of its first launch in the united kingdom.
however , there is no overall accepted definition of efficacy for aesthetic uses of botulinumtoxina ( bont-a ) .
onset of activity is typically seen within @number@ days of injection , but has also been recorded within @number@ hours with abobotulinumtoxina.
even when larger muscles are treated with higher doses of bont-a , the duration of effect is still shorter than that for smaller muscles.
comparison of the efficacy of different forms of bont-a must be made with the full understanding that the dosing units are not equivalent.
there has been considerable interest in a stimulus ( \ "the dress \ " ) that yields starkly divergent subjective color percepts between observers.
in this study , we address this possible explanation empirically by reporting on data from ∼13 , 000 observers who were surveyed online.
introduction : the most effective type of social participation against psychological distress in older adults is not well documented.
of these , participants who reported social participation and psychological distress level in the baseline survey in @number@ were followed up.
psychological distress was evaluated based on k6 scales at baseline and follow-up ( in @number@ ) .
social participation level was examined using question items from the national health and nutrition survey in japan.
exploratory factor analysis was used to derive the underlying factor structure.
results : data from @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( @percent@ women ) were analyzed.
during the 5-year follow-up , @percent@ of participants reported a deterioration in psychological distress.
conclusion : community involvement provides older women with mental health benefits regardless of individual relationship level.
promoting community involvement may be an effective strategy for healthy mental aging.
partial correlation analysis after controlling for age and education was used to evaluate associations between cognitive performance and dti parameters.
with regards to dti parameters , there were more regions of significant differences in fa among these three subgroups compared with md.
strategic fa assessments provided the most robust discriminative power to differentiate sivd from ad , and fab may serve as an additional cognitive marker.
we also identified the neuronal substrates responsible for fab performance.
self-report depression scales were administered at baseline and end of acute treatment.
change on continuous measures and categorical outcomes were compared across older vs. younger patients.
results : both age groups showed significant improvements in depression symptoms.
response and remission rates did not differ between groups.
limitations : limitations include reliance on self-report clinical measures and variability in comorbidity and concurrent pharmacotherapy due to the naturalistic nature of the study.
conclusions : results suggest that effectiveness of tms for trd is not differentially modified by age.
based on these naturalistic data , age alone should not be considered a contraindication or poor prognostic indicator of the antidepressant efficacy of tms.
to identify protein requirements , it is necessary to be familiar with basic physiology , practical methods , and dose response of protein delivery.
this review evaluates available methodology , with emphasis on the limitations of existing techniques most often related to the underlying assumption.
historically , nitrogen balance has been the dominating technique.
it is still the gold standard , although there are considerable problems related to the underlying assumptions to have reliable readings.
when minimal requirements needed to be defined , the indicator amino acid oxidation technique came into practice.
in situations of longer term steady states , it serves a purpose.
in situations of disease or in aging , it has proven to be more problematic.
we retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent thyroid-related orbital decompression surgery at the kellogg eye center , university of michigan , between @number@ and @number@
primary outcome was postoperative strabismus requiring palliation with prisms and / or strabismus surgery.
of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were geriatric.
innovation : here , we describe the challenges discussed and offer clinical recommendations for practices who are working to meet them.
conclusion : as the spread of prenatal genetic screening continues , providers will increasingly need to update their practice to accommodate new screening modalities.
hematologic malignancies comprise a set of prevalent yet clinically diverse diseases that can affect every organ system.
pig laryngeal cartilages are similar to their human counterparts in shape and size , also undergo mineralization , facilitating the study of cartilage mineralization.
we investigated the processes of cartilage mineralization and ossification and compared these with the known processes in growth plates.
thyroid cartilages from glutaraldehyde-perfused male minipigs and from domestic pigs were used for x-ray , light microscopic , and transmission electron microscopic analyses.
we applied different fixation and postfixation solutions to preserve cell shape , proteoglycans , and membranes.
in contrast to the ossifying human thyroid cartilage , predominantly cartilage mineralization was observed in minipig and domestic pig thyroid cartilages.
the same subset of chondrocytes responsible for growth plate mineralization is also present in thyroid cartilage mineralization.
besides mineralization mediated by matrix vesicles , a second pattern of cartilage mineralization was observed in thyroid cartilage only.
here , the formation and growth of crystals were closely related to collagen fibrils , which served as guide rails for the expansion of mineralization.
it is hypothesized that the second pattern of cartilage mineralization may be similar to a maturation of mineralized cartilage after initial matrix vesicles-mediated cartilage mineralization.
an increasing number of studies focus on discourse production in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and underline its clinical usefulness.
in the current study , the aim has been to investigate discourse macrolinguistic variability.
for this , @number@ participants aged between @number@ and @number@ were recruited.
a cluster analysis of their discourse macrolinguistic features was conducted.
then , cluster characterisation based on socio-demographic and linguistic performance was tested ( fluency , naming , syntax and spelling ) .
four clusters of informativeness were found but no socio-demographic features appeared significant.
objective : liver cancer severely threatens public health.
molecular targeted treatment is the further of cancer treatment.
the functional role of sir-related enzymes @number@ ( sirtuin @number@ ) in treating liver cancer still requires further investigation.
materials and methods : adriamycin-induced aging model was established on smcc7721 liver cancer cell line.
sirtuin @number@ over-expression or sirna plasmid was transfected.
cell aging was measured by β-galactosidase approach.
aging-related proteins p53 and p16 were quantified in western blot , which also examined activation of janus kinase @number@ ( jak2 ) signal pathway.
cp-690550 was used to suppress jak2 signal pathway for measuring aging status of smcc7721 cells.
transfection of sirtuin @number@ over-expression plasmid or sirna increased or decreased sirtuin @number@ expression.
adriamycin-induced aging was enhanced or suppressed , accompanied with inhibited or potentiated jak2 signal pathway in sirtuin @number@ up-regulation or down-regulation cells , respectively.
the usage of jak2 signal inhibitor , cp-690550 , enhanced adriamycin-induced cell aging.
data came from seven waves of the health and retirement study ( hrs 1998-2010 ; n = @number@ observations = @number@ ) .
latent class growth analysis identified cognitive function trajectory groups , and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with group trajectories.
five heterogeneous trajectories were identified : stable high , stable moderate , stable low , high-to-moderate , and moderate-to-low.
insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat , affecting nearly one third of the general population.
melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep.
during the last decades , melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants.
eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods , whereas in plant foods , nuts are with the highest content of melatonin.
some kinds of mushrooms , cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin.
it has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food.
this review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin , with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
background : navigation skills are required for performance of functional complex tasks and may decline due to aging.
investigation of navigation skills should include measurement of cognitive-executive and motor aspects , which are part of complex tasks.
objective : to compare young and older healthy adults in navigation within a simulated environment with and without a functional-cognitive task.
methods : ten young adults ( @number@.6±4.3 years ) and seven community dwelling older men ( @number@.9±3.8 years ) were tested during a single session.
outcome measures included cognitive-executive aspects of performance and gait parameters.
there were no differences between groups in gait parameters.
both groups walked slower in the mall simulation.
the study emphasized the role of the cognitive-executive aspect of task performance in healthy older adults.
however , a contribution of renal dysfunction to psychosis associated with cognitive decline remains to be investigated.
we addressed the question whether patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and co-symptoms show alterations in serum parameters.
this was in particular detected in female patients.
in male patients , psychotic symptoms were associated with an increased number of leukocytes in blood.
background : frailty has been considered an antecedent and , to a lesser extent , an outcome of cognitive impairment.
in consequence , understanding their interaction and co-occurrence can offer insight into pathophysiology , prevention , and management.
methods : we conducted secondary analyses using data from the first two waves of share.
the sample ( n = @number@ ) was randomly split into two halves : one half for model development and one half for model confirmation.
we used a @number@ deficit frailty index and combined @number@ cognitive deficits into a global cognitive impairment index.
cross-lagged path analysis within a structural equation modelling framework was used to examine the bi-directional relationship between the two measures.
likewise , each @number@ increase in baseline cognitive impairment was associated with a @number@ increase frailty at follow-up ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : our findings underscore the importance of considering cognitive impairment in the context of overall health.
many people with dementia are likely to have other health problems , which need to be considered in concert to achieve optimal health outcomes.
background : having a network of close relationships may reduce the risk of developing dementia.
however , social exchange theory suggests that social interaction entails both rewards and costs.
the effects of quality of close social relationships in later life on the risk of developing dementia are not well understood.
incidence of dementia was identified from participant or informant reported physician diagnosed dementia or overall score of informant-completed iqcode questionnaire.
results : there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) incident dementia cases during the follow-up.
further research is needed to better understand the causal mechanisms that drive these associations.
background : patients with advanced heart failure run a greater risk of dementia.
whether early cardiac structural changes also associate with cognitive decline is yet to be determined.
lvh was assessed from baseline electrocardiograms by measuring the sokolow-lyon index.
higher levels of sokolow-lyon index indicate higher degrees of lvh.
results : at baseline , lvh was not associated with worse cognitive function.
these associations were independent of cardiovascular risk factors , co-morbidities , and medications.
conclusion : lvh assessed by electrocardiogram associates with steeper decline in cognitive function of older subjects independent of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities.
this study provides further evidence on the link between subclinical cardiac structural changes and cognitive decline in older subjects.
objective lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration , an age-related process , is a major cause of low-back pain.
the chondrocyte-like cells in transgenic discs expressed higher levels of connective tissue growth factor ( ctgf ) than were expressed in wt counterparts.
objective : aging is often associated with declines in episodic memory.
reliable tracking of memory requires assessment instruments that are stable over time to better understand changes potentially attributable to neurodegenerative disease.
while prior studies support the test-retest reliability of memory instruments over brief intervals , follow-up testing in clinical settings typically occurs at least one-year later.
participants underwent repeat assessment using either parallel or alternate forms at follow-up.
we utilized a standardized regression-based ( srb ) approach to determine statistically significant changes in test scores over time.
arsenic exposure may contribute to disease risk in humans through alterations in the epigenome.
previous studies reported that arsenic exposure is associated with changes in plasma histone concentrations.
posttranslational histone modifications have been found to differ between the brain tissue of human embryos with neural tube defects and that of controls.
these studies took place in bangladesh , a country with high environmental arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking water.
we performed elisa assays to investigate plasma concentration of total histone @number@ ( h3 ) and the histone modification h3k27me3.
the plasma samples were collected from @number@ adult women as part of a case-control study of arsenic and myelomeningocele risk in bangladesh.
we found significant associations between plasma %h3k27me3 levels and risk of myelomeningocele ( p < 0.05 ) .
women with folate deficiency may be more susceptible to the epigenetic effects of environmental arsenic exposure.
dna methylation ( dnam ) is an important epigenetic process involved in the regulation of gene expression.
while many studies have identified thousands of loci associated with age , few have differentiated between linear and non-linear dnam trends with age.
non-linear trends could indicate early- or late-life gene regulatory processes.
we observed significant replication for both cpg sites ( p < 5.0e-8 ) in a second set of peripheral blood samples.
these findings may suggest a possible role for cg07955995 and cg22285878 in immunosenescence.
there is a need to develop ( national ) dementia plans on a societal level to implement strategies to combat these challenges.
these plans , among other topics , explicitly aim at scientific and research strategies as well as support and healthcare structures.
objective : this article describes a selection of current healthcare research studies and projects in germany.
future needs in dementia research and healthcare research are presented.
other studies have identified risk factors as well as protective factors that can serve as target points for the development of effective interventions.
they also give hints on where the healthcare system might benefit from changes.
healthcare research has identified scientific methods helpful in providing sound evidence for decision makers in health policy.
the reduction of plasticity with age has been shown by many previous papers in animal experiments.
this issue can be studied in humans because several non-invasive brain stimulation techniques induce synaptic plasticity in the human brain.
the quadripulse stimulation with 5-ms inter-pulse interval ( qps5 ) was applied over the primary motor cortex ( m1 ) .
we measured motor evoked potentials ( meps ) before qps , and at five time points after qps for up to @number@ min.
in each participant , average mep amplitude ( size ) ratios were quantified.
the degree of ltp-like effects induced by qps5 was significantly smaller in the older group compared to the younger group.
the age of the participants significantly affected the ltp-like effect induced by qps5 , which suggests that brain plasticity decreases with age.
measures of white matter integrity in the brain are also heritable and highly sensitive to both normal and pathological aging processes across adulthood.
we consider the phenotypic and genetic interrelationships between epigenetic age acceleration and white matter integrity in humans.
our goal was to investigate processes that underlie interindividual variability in age-related changes in the brain.
using blood taken from a mexican-american extended pedigree sample ( pulmonary fibrosis is a severe condition with no cure and limited therapeutic options.
a better understanding of its pathophysiology is needed.
recent studies have suggested that pulmonary fibrosis may be driven by accelerated aging-related mechanisms.
similarly , sirt7 was decreased in lung tissues of bleomycin-challenged mice.
inhibition of sirt7 with sirna in cultured lung fibroblasts resulted in an increase in collagen and α-smooth muscle actin ( α-sma ) .
in conclusion , the decline in sirt7 in lung fibroblasts has a profibrotic effect , which is mediated by changes in smad3 levels.
fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf21 ) is increasingly recognized as an important metabolic regulator of glucose homeostasis.
here , we conducted an exome-chip association analysis by genotyping @number@ chinese individuals from a community-based cohort and two clinic-based cohorts.
a custom asian exome-chip was used to detect genetic determinants influencing circulating fgf21 levels.
the subjects refrained from further heavy physical exercise and consumed a standardized diet for the entire experimental period.
the imcl content was ~2-fold higher at baseline and 12h post-exercise in old compared with young individuals.
however , no differences between groups were apparent after 48h of recovery.
there was higher expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis ( fasn and pparγ ) during the first 24h of recovery.
aging is associated with increases in ( hpa ) axis activity that can predispose to metabolic and cognitive impairments.
sleep was polysomnographically assessed and blood samples were repeatedly collected.
in vivo imaging using the pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) ligand has facilitated studies linking aβ , cognition , and dementia in ds.
however , there are no studies of pib binding across the lifespan in ds.
finally , we urge for collaboration between centers to establish proper clinical standards and to promote better trial results comparison.
setting : standardized , in-person home interviews and physical performance testing.
participants : nationally representative sample of community-dwelling medicare beneficiaries ( n = 7487 ) aged ≥65 years.
interventions : not applicable.
results : twenty percent of older adults reported rehabilitation use in the last year.
overall , @percent@ reported functional improvement during rehabilitation , and @percent@ reported meeting their goals by discharge.
improved function was associated with longer duration of rehabilitation.
a significantly lower percentage of older adults with bothersome pain and severe physical limitations reported meeting rehabilitation goals.
conclusions : most older adults who received rehabilitation reported functional improvement and meeting rehabilitation goals.
however , social disparities were evident with lower rehabilitation utilization among blacks and those with less education.
importantly , functional improvement and goal attainment did not vary by demographics or diagnoses.
longer duration of rehabilitation and improved pain management may be necessary for functional improvement and goal attainment.
this review was conducted to summarize existing evidence to test the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for bone health in aging individuals.
phonological capacities were assessed using a lexical decision task and nonword repetition.
recognition of words in sentences in speech-shaped noise was measured.
working memory did not facilitate speech recognition in noise for either group.
phonological sensitivity predicted sentence recognition for implant users but not for listeners with normal hearing.
conclusion : clinical speech recognition outcomes for adult implant users relate to the ability of these users to process phonological information.
results suggest that phonological capacities may serve as potential clinical targets through rehabilitative training.
such novel interventions may be particularly helpful for older adult implant users.
importance : comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups , including children and adolescents , is essential for improving population health.
most deaths in @number@ occurred in south asia and sub-saharan africa.
maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females , especially in lower-sdi countries.
importance : dichotomous dermatologic depictions of heroes and villains in movies have been used since the silent film age.
the all-time top @number@ american film villains and heroes were obtained from the american film institute @number@ greatest heroes and villains list.
onset of neurodegenerative disorders , including huntington's disease , is strongly influenced by aging.
hallmarks of aged cells include compromised nuclear envelope integrity , impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport , and accumulation of dna double-strand breaks.
we show that mutant huntingtin markedly accelerates all of these cellular phenotypes in a dose- and age-dependent manner in cortex and striatum of mice.
in aged mice , accumulation of rangap1 together with polyglutamine is shifted to perinuclear and cytoplasmic areas.
overall , our findings identify polyglutamine-dependent inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport and alteration of nuclear integrity as a central component of huntington's disease.
older adults do not sleep as well as younger adults.
why ?
what alterations in sleep quantity and quality occur as we age , and are there functional consequences ?
what are the underlying neural mechanisms that explain age-related sleep disruption ?
this review tackles these questions.
first , we describe canonical changes in human sleep quantity and quality in cognitively normal older adults.
second , we explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that may account for these human sleep alterations.
third , we consider the functional consequences of age-related sleep disruption , focusing on memory impairment as an exemplar.
in this issue of neuron , gasset-rosa et al.
( @number@ ) and grima et al.
( @number@ ) describe defects in the nuclear pore complex and impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport in huntington's disease ( hd ) .
background : sleep complaints are prevalent in older patients.
sleepiness , short or long sleep duration and obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) are associated with insulin resistance ( ir ) .
these parameters have not yet been considered together in the same study exploring the possible association between ir and sleep in older patients.
ir is involved in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases , pathologies which are highly prevalent in older patients.
the growth hormone / insulin like growth factor-1 axis could play a role in the development of ir during sleep disorders.
methods : @number@ non-diabetic older patients , mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , were included in this observational study.
we evaluated anthropometric measures , subjective and objective sleepiness , polysomnography , homeostatic model assessment for ir ( homa-ir ) and age-adjusted igf-1 score.
a multivariate regression was used to determine factors associated with homa-ir.
results : the @number@ osa patients were over-weight but not obese and had higher ir than the non-osa patients.
in multilinear regression analysis , apnea-hypopnea index was independently associated with ir after adjustment for several confounding factors.
neither igf-1 level nor igf-1 score were different in the two groups.
targeting osa to reduce ir could be useful in the elderly , although further exploration is required.
introduction : obesity is the principal component in the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) that determines the progression of metabolic complications.
metabolically healthy obese ( mho ) individuals seem to be protected against those complications.
telomere length ( tl ) as a novel marker of cellular aging had a complex relationship to the mets.
aim : the nrg1-erbb4 neurotransmitter signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia ( sz ) .
the intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs707284 in erbb4 links to pi3k-akt suppression in sz.
another protein indirectly affecting nrg1-erbb4 signaling is β-secretase , which is encoded by the bace1 gene , and activates nrg1 by proteolytic cleavage.
in this study , we aimed to investigate the association of erbb4 rs707284 and bace1 rs490460 with the risk of sz in an iranian population.
there was no association between the risk of sz and rs707284.
conclusion : our data indicate that rs490460 is associated with the risk of sz.
in silico analysis indicates that rs490460 may be a potential splicing site , which affects protein structure.
replication studies are needed to confirm our data.
furthermore , rtt was associated with difficulties in @number@ fundamental factors influencing sustained attention : engagement , distractibility , and reengagement.
the rtt group was slower to engage , more distractible , and slower to reengage.
in this review , we provide an update on novel pathways and mechanisms regulated by adp-ribosylation in organisms coming from all kingdoms of life.
these were evaluated via simulations , and in vitro and in vivo experiments.
human imaging was performed in the hamstring muscles of @number@ volunteers.
measurement bias ( accuracy ) and dispersion ( precision ) were evaluated , together with intra- and inter-scan repeatability.
piecewise models centered at the year of retirement were applied.
the association between retirement and blood pressure was stronger for men and for urban dwellers.
no significant associations with body mass index or smoking were found.
this study suggests that retirement may be beneficial for blood pressure , waist circumference , and alcohol consumption in the chinese context.
understanding the potential health influence of retirement is essential , given plans to raise the retirement age in china.
according to clinical diagnosis , the study population was divided into @number@ ms ( cases ) versus @number@ no ms ( controls ) patients.
these patients were followed by clinical , instrumental assessment , and device telemetric interrogations at follow-up.
these parameters may be detectable by follow-up monitoring.
aging causes significant declines in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and leads to cognitive disability.
whether bubr1 contributes to age-related deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis is yet to be determined.
here we report that bubr1 expression is significantly reduced with natural aging in the mouse brain.
targeting bubr1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive deficits.
it has been hypothesised that increased asthma prevalence in westernised countries is associated with changes in lifestyle factors , including a poorer diet.
however , little is known regarding the association between diet quality and asthma.
mediation analysis was used to disentangle total and direct effects and the indirect effect mediated by bmi.
the analyses included @number@ adults ( mean age @number@ years ; @number@ % men ; @number@ % ever asthma ) .
we observed a significant interaction between smoking and ahei-2010 on change in asthma symptoms ( p for interaction = 0·04 ) .
no indirect effect mediated through bmi was observed ( or 0·99 ; @number@ % ci 0·91 , 1·07 ) .
among former and current smokers , all effects were statistically non-significant.
better diet quality was associated with improved asthma symptoms over time in never smokers , independently of bmi.
oxidative capacity of muscle fibres was assessed with quantitative histochemistry for succinate dehydrogenase ( sdh ) activity.
results : there was no significant age-related reduction in muscle fibre oxidative capacity.
based on sdh , the maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary did not differ significantly between young and old people.
background : several studies have reported the influence of diverse winemaking technologies in white wine characteristics.
tendency for a lesser increase of the browning potential index values was detected for white wines aged in new oak wood barrels.
the specific binding ratio ( sbr ) was calculated by datview software.
statistical analyses were performed using linear regression analysis , analysis of variance , and multiple comparison analysis.
results : a strong correlation between the sbr and age was observed.
the correlation coefficient in males and females were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
gender also affected the sbr , and there was a significant difference between males and females ( p = @number@ ) .
the sbr in females was higher than in males.
methods : we conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the royal hobart and launceston general hospitals in tasmania , australia.
a convenience sample of patients , aged @number@ years and older , undergoing unplanned overnight medical admissions was screened.
adr-related admissions were determined through expert consensus from detailed review of medical records and patient interviews.
the causality , preventability and severity of each adr-related admission were assessed.
results : of @number@ admissions , the proportion of potential adr-related medical admissions was @percent@.
most ( @percent@ ) adr-related admissions were considered preventable.
application of the naranjo algorithm found @percent@ definite , @percent@ probable , and @percent@ possible adrs.
adr severity was rated moderate and severe in @percent@ and @percent@ of admissions , respectively.
for most ( @percent@ ) adr-related admissions the adr resolved and the patient recovered.
conclusion : hospitalization due to an adr is a common occurrence in this older population.
there is need for future studies to implement and evaluate interventions to reduce the risk of adr-related admissions in elderly populations.
archival and survey-based data were obtained on neighborhoods , where the men lived and where they socialized most often.
results : msm who socialized in neighborhoods with more economic deprivation and greater general neighborhood attachment experienced higher gad symptoms.
twenty years ago , chromosomal abnormalities were the only identifiable genetic causes of a small fraction of congenital heart defects ( chd ) .
today , a de novo or inherited genetic abnormality can be identified as pathogenic in one-third of cases.
we refer to them here as monogenic causes , insofar as the genetic abnormality has a readily detectable , large effect.
what explains the other two-thirds ?
this review considers a complex genetic basis.
a growing body of evidence highlights the pathogenic significance of genetic interactions in the embryo and maternal effects that have a genetic basis.
the investigation of chd as guided by a complex genetic model could help estimate risk more precisely and logically lead to a means of prevention.
background : heart failure ( hf ) with preserved ejection fraction ( hfpef ) is increasing with aging of the population.
plasma levels of b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) increase in proportion to the severity of left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction.
objective : to examine the variability in performance among placebo groups in randomized controlled trials for mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
the data were collated for common measurement instruments.
results : the progression to clinical endpoints varied a great deal among the trials.
several explanations including instruments used to characterize participants and variability among study populations contributed to the findings.
we addressed heterogeneity using a shared frailty term.
good functional outcome was defined as discharge modified rankin scale score ≤2 and investigated in multivariable logistic regression.
ich volume was measured by abc / 2 or a semiautomated planimetric method.
he was defined as an ich volume increase > 33% or > 6 ml from baseline within @number@ hours.
results : we included @number@ patients ( @number@ noac-ich and @number@ vka-ich ) .
background : the mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and lineage conversion of adult human fibroblasts into functional endothelial cells have not yet been fully defined.
here we established the role of the developmental transcription factor sox17 in regulating the bilineage conversion of fibroblasts by the generation of intermediate progenitors.
methods : cd34 results : induced endothelial cells expressed specific endothelial cell surface markers and also exhibited the capacity for cell proliferation and neovascularization.
induced erythroblasts expressed erythroid surface markers and formed erythroid colonies.
indeed , multiple studies have described how molecular information about parent tumors can be extracted from these components.
here , we briefly summarize current technologies and then elaborate on emerging novel concepts that may further propel the field.
finally , we discuss whether liquid biopsies are ready to be used in routine clinical practice.
the unicellular yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae represents a simple eukaryotic model to study the effects of different compounds on lifespan.
we previously demonstrated that apple extracts have anti-ageing effects in this organism because of their antioxidant properties.
the production of ros and the aberrant morphology of nuclei were detected by cell staining with the fluorescent dies dihydrorhodamine @number@ and dapi , respectively.
mitochondrial morphology was analyzed by following the localization of the mito-gfp protein into the mitochondrial matrix.
atrial fibrillation affects @number@ million people worldwide and its prevalence is expected to double by @number@ because of the aging population.
atrial fibrillation confers a 5-fold higher risk of ischemic stroke compared to sinus rhythm.
we present our view of the role of shared medical decision-making to combat global underutilization of oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients.
oral anticoagulation underuse is widespread as it is present within atrial fibrillation patients of all risk strata and in countries across all income levels.
we used the sullivan method for calculations of hle and a decomposition into mortality and disability effects was made.
results : life expectancy at age @number@ ( le65 ) increased by @number@ years for women and @number@ years for men from 1980-1985 to 2006-2011.
hle65 calculated according to adl and mobility limitations increased more rapidly than le65 for both men and women ( p < 0.05 ) .
thus the years with adl dependence and mobility limitations are postponed to a higher age and the numbers of these years have decreased.
caspase-12 ( casp12 ) , an inflammatory caspase , functions as a dominant-negative regulator of inflammatory responses and is associated with the signaling of apoptosis.
however , the physiological function of casp12 presented in cancer cells is still unclear.
this study demonstrated that overexpression of casp12 mediated iκbα degradation and significantly increased nf-κb activity.
moreover , suppression of casp12 significantly inhibited the basal activity of nf-κb and decreased the pma-induced nf-κb reporter activity.
the effect of casp12 on nf-κb activation was indicated via the post-translational degradation of iκb.
dna methyltransferase @number@ ( dnmt1 ) is a major epigenetic regulator associated with many biological processes.
however , the roles and mechanisms of dnmt1 in skin aging are incompletely understood.
here we explored the role of dnmt1 in human skin fibroblasts senescence and its related regulatory mechanisms.
dnmt1 expression decreased in passage-aged fibroblasts and dnmt1 silencing in young fibroblasts induced the senescence phenotype.
mir-217 is predicted to target dnmt1 mrna and mir-217 expression increased in passage-aged fibroblasts.
mir-217 directly targeted the @number@'-untranslated region ( @number@'-utr ) of dnmt1 in hek 293t cells and inhibited dnmt1 expression in fibroblasts.
mir-217 overexpression induced a senescence phenotype in young fibroblasts , and mir-217 downregulation in old hsfs partially reversed the senescence phenotype.
however , these effects could be significantly rescued by regulating dnmt1 expression in fibroblasts.
finally , an inverse correlation between dnmt1 and mir-217 expression was observed in skin tissues and different-aged fibroblasts.
together , these findings revealed that mir-217 promotes fibroblasts senescence by suppressing dnmt1-mediated methylation of p16 and prb by targeting the dnmt1 @number@'-utr.
they constitute an intermediate stage in the transdifferentiation of alpha cells to cells that are functionally indistinguishable from conventional beta cells.
we thus identified a lifelong source of new beta cells at a specialized site within healthy islets.
by comparing co-existing immature and mature beta cells within healthy islets , we stand to learn how to mature insulin-expressing cells into functional beta cells.
we identified new markers of aging in β cells , including igf1r.
nevertheless , the reason why supercomplexes exist remains an enigma.
the widely held view that they enhance catalysis by channeling substrates is challenged by both structural and biophysical information.
in a retrospective study conducted in two university hospitals , data were collected on all stroke cases admitted in @number@ and @number@
ischemic strokes were then classified according to a modified toast classification.
cardioembolic stroke and small vessel disease were found to be positively associated with aging and living in beirut , respectively.
larger studies are needed to explain these findings.
background : studies in male combat veterans have suggested posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) is associated with shorter telomere length ( tl ) .
we examined the cross-sectional association of ptsd with tl in women exposed to traumas common in civilian life.
methods : data are from a substudy of the nurses ' health study ii ( n = @number@ ) .
ptsd and subclinical ptsd were assessed in trauma-exposed women using diagnostic interviews.
an array of health behaviors and conditions were assessed.
dna was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes ( collected 1996-1999 ) .
telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number ( t / s ) was determined by quantitative real-time pcr telomere assay.
adjustment for health behaviors and medical conditions did not attenuate this association.
trauma type was not associated with tl and did not account for the association of ptsd with tl.
conclusions : our results add to growing evidence that ptsd may be associated with more rapid cellular aging as measured by telomere erosion.
moreover , the association could not be explained by health behaviors and medical conditions assessed in this study , nor by type of trauma exposure.
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n3-pufa ) are recognized for their anti-inflammatory effects and may be beneficial in the context of sarcopenia.
we determined the influence of n3-pufa on muscle mitochondrial physiology and protein metabolism in older adults.
twelve young ( 18-35 years ) and older ( 65-85 years ) men and women were studied at baseline.
older adults were studied again following n3-pufa supplementation ( @number@.9g / day , @number@ weeks ) .
muscle biopsies were used to evaluate respiratory capacity ( high resolution respirometry ) and oxidant emissions ( spectrofluorometry ) in isolated mitochondria.
maximal respiration was significantly lower in older compared to young. n3-pufa did not change respiration , but significantly reduced oxidant emissions.
participants performed a single bout of resistance exercise , followed by biopsies at @number@ and @number@ hours post exercise.
these results demonstrate that n3-pufa reduce mitochondrial oxidant emissions , increase postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis , and enhance anabolic responses to exercise in older adults.
methods : this study used cross-sectional analysis of data from the @number@ american board of family medicine maintenance of certification demographic survey.
results : of @number@ family physicians , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) report providing palliative care.
those providing palliative care are significantly more likely to provide non-clinic-based services such as care in nursing homes , home visits , and hospice.
insulin signaling regulates various aspects of physiology , such as glucose homeostasis and aging , and is a key determinant of female reproduction in metazoans.
in contrast , insulin signaling in drosophila and caenorhabditis elegans directly regulates oocyte growth and maturation.
resting heart rate is a heritable trait , and an increase in heart rate is associated with increased mortality risk.
this study aims to discover new genetic loci associated with heart rate from exome chip meta-analyses.heart rate was measured from either elecrtrocardiograms or pulse recordings.
we meta-analysed heart rate association results from @number@ @number@ european-ancestry individuals from @number@ cohorts , genotyped using the exome chip.
twenty-four variants were selected for follow-up in an independent dataset ( uk biobank , n = @number@ @number@ ) .
lead variants in four of the novel loci are non-synonymous variants in the genes c10orf71 , daldr3 , tesk2 and sec31b.
the variant at sec31b is significantly associated with sec31b expression in heart and tibial nerve tissue.
further candidate genes were detected from long-range regulatory chromatin interactions in heart tissue ( scd , slf2 and mapk8 ) .
we observed significant enrichment in dnase i hypersensitive sites in fetal heart and lung.
context : increased evening cortisol levels have been implicated in bone mineral density ( bmd ) loss.
the effect on bone microarchitecture and fracture risk has never been studied.
vfx prevalence was associated with sc- @time@ and tbs independently of each other and of other risk factors.
the cut-point for sc- @time@ correlating with the presence of > 1 vfx was @number@ nmol / l ( sensitivity @number@ specificity @number@ ) .
conclusions : high sc- @time@ is associated with low tbs and an increased prevalence of radiologic vfx independently of other risk factors.
measurement of sc- @time@ may add relevant information in the assessment of fracture risk.
thus far , unbiased investigations of the genetic determinants of plasma fetuin-a concentrations have not been conducted.
in both ethnicities , the strongest associations were centered in a region with a high degree of ld near the ahsg locus.
this variant alone explained @percent@ of the variation in fetuin-a levels.
analyses conditioned on rs4917 indicated that the strong association with the ahsg locus stems from additional independent associations of multiple variants among european americans.
results : of the @number@ longenity participants ( mean age @number@ @percent@ women ) , @number@ were opel and @number@ were opus.
importantly , induced expression of slp-2 corrected for these mitochondrial alterations caused by reduced parkin function in these cells.
most participants did not have any abnormalities.
bmd at the total hip , femoral neck , and lumbar spine was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and @number@ months.
findings warrant replication from a long-term , adequately powered , rct.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unclear etiology and pathogenesis.
newly discovered striatal neurogenesis - normally a lifelong process - determines the efficiency of nigrostriatal interaction.
functional and pharmacological control of these dynamic relationships may result in treatments that are more effective with fewer side-effects.
microglia are highly active and vigilant housekeepers of the central nervous system that function to promote neuronal growth and activity.
microglial activation is one of the hallmarks of the aging brain and coincides with age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
in our aging population the incidence of cancer is increasing in the elderly.
we are thus facing a new challenge especially considering incidence of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) in this patients population.
overall survival of cancer patients has significantly improved therefore cancer has become in many cases a chronic disease.
we are about to be treating patients who either may develop a new cvd or their current cvd may deteriorate.
atrial fibrillation ( afib ) also contributes to chf development.
cad may develop secondary to thoracic irradiation , dyslipidemia caused by hormonal treatment or simply as results of endothelial dysfunction caused by alkylating agents.
in summary , long time cancer survivors represent a subgroup of patients at great risk of developing cvd in any form.
triosephosphate isomerase ( tim ) is a ubiquitous enzyme , which appeared early in evolution.
tim is responsible for obtaining net atp from glycolysis and producing an extra pyruvate molecule for each glucose molecule , under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
tim is one of the most studied enzymes with more than @number@ structures deposited in the pdb.
the interest for this enzyme stems from the fact that it is involved in glycolysis , but also in aging , human diseases and metabolism.
tim has been a target in the search for chemical compounds against infectious diseases and is a model to study catalytic features.
until @date@ , @percent@ of all residues of the protein have been studied by mutagenesis and / or using other approaches.
each protein should be regarded as a unique entity that has evolved to be functional in the organism to which it belongs.
proteins @number@ 85 : 1190-1211. © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
one such metabolic risk factor could be high cholesterol levels in the body.
background : people with down syndrome ( ds ) often have sleep-disordered breathing ( sdb ) .
unusual sleep postures , such as leaning forward and sitting , are observed in people with ds.
results : unusual sleep postures were recorded in @number@ ( @percent@ ) people with ds.
these participants were significantly younger and had a history of low muscle tone more frequently than people without unusual sleep postures.
in all ages , the leaning forward posture was more frequent than sitting.
people with ds with unusual sleep postures suffered from sdb-rss.
those who slept in the sitting posture had more frequent sdb-rss than did those who slept with the leaning forward posture.
snoring , witnessed apnoea and nocturnal awakening were observed in @number@ @number@ and @percent@ of participants , respectively.
snoring increased with aging.
witnessed apnoea was more common in males and in those with hypothyroidism than in females and in those without hypothyroidism.
conclusions : our study shows that there is a close relationship between unusual sleep postures and sdb-rss.
we recommend that all people with ds with unusual sleep postures should be checked for the presence of sdb.
apigenin ( @number@@number@ , -trihydroxyflavone ) is a flavonoid found in certain herbs , fruits , and vegetables.
apigenin can attenuate inflammation , which is associated with many chronic diseases of aging.
flavonoids , including apigenin , were recently shown to reduce the sasp of a human fibroblast strain induced to senesce by bleomycin.
apigenin suppressed the sasp in part by suppressing il-1α signaling through irak1 and irak4 , p38-mapk , and nf-κb.
apigenin was particularly potent at suppressing the expression and secretion of cxcl10 ( ip10 ) , a newly identified sasp factor.
our results support the idea that apigenin is a promising natural product for reducing the impact of senescent cells on age-related diseases such as cancer.
prevalence of cardiovascular ( cv ) disease is increasing worldwide.
one of the most important risk factors for cv disease is hypertension that is very often related to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
background : cervical intervertebral disc herniation can lead to myelopathy.
aging is an established variable related to spondylotic myelopathy.
studying this association will help in controlling the increase in spondylotic myelopathy with age.
design : retrospective review of magnetic resonance ( mr ) images.
setting : tertiary referral hospital.
the direction and severity of herniation and the presence of myelopathy was determined for spinal levels c2 to c7.
main outcome measure ( s ) : relationship between age-related cervical disc herniation and myelopathy.
results : we studied @number@ patient mr images , which included @number@ males ( @percent@ ) and @number@ females ( @percent@ ) .
the most common level affected by myelopathy was c5-c6.
in elderly patients ( > @number@ years ) , the c3-c4 level became the predominant level affected by myelopathy.
likewise , the frequency of central disc herniation increased significantly ( p < @number@ ) with age at all cervical levels.
furthermore , upper cervical levels showed a higher frequency of central disc herniation than lower cervical levels in the elderly.
conclusion : the increased frequency of central disc herniation with age suggest an important , and probably a cause-effect relationship , between herniation and myelopathy.
limitations : we were unable to access clinical data or electrophysiological studies to correlate with mr image findings.
individuals suffering from werner syndrome ( ws ) exhibit many clinical signs of accelerated aging.
the extent to which this alteration is a cause or effect of ws disease phenotypes remains unknown.
furthermore they should promote further clinical research focusing on controversial issues in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma.
normal aging is usually accompanied by greater memory decline for associations than for single items.
given that familiarity remains intact during healthy aging , this may be one route to reducing age-related associative deficits.
contrary to predictions , older adults were less able to take advantage of this memory benefit than younger participants.
it is recommended that future strategies for redressing age-related associative deficits should take account of the aging brain's increasing reliance on pre-existing semantic associations.
the retina originates in the central nervous system.
due to its accessibility and simplicity , the retina has become an invaluable model for studying the basic mechanisms involved in development.
to date , considerable knowledge regarding the interactions among genes that coordinate retinal development has been gained from extensive research in model animals.
however , our understanding of retinal development in humans remains undeveloped.
our work demonstrates that early developing neural retinas can be divided into two layers , the outer and inner neuroblast layers.
eye-field transcription factors and those related to the early development of the retina have distinct expression patterns in the two layers.
cell-type-specific transcription factors emerge at @number@ weeks.
these data provide clear and systemic structures for early retinal development in human.
background : many young women experiment with using indoor tanning beds with some becoming regular users.
there is a dearth of research focused on factors related to the development of regular tanning.
the research was completed in the united states in @number@
results : the informant described her experiences as a salon employee including her interactions with salon patrons.
searches involving pubmed / medline , embase , scopus and web of science will be used to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies.
in addition , online databases will be checked for observational studies published outside the time frames of previous reviews.
the primary outcomes will be cancer incidence and cancer mortality in association with a central nervous system disorder.
secondary outcome measures will be site-specific cancer incidence and mortality , respectively.
two reviewers will independently screen references identified by the literature search , as well as potentially relevant full-text articles.
data will be abstracted , and study quality / risk of bias will be appraised by two reviewers independently.
conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion.
random-effects meta-analyses of primary observational studies will be conducted where appropriate.
parameters for exploring statistical heterogeneity are pre-specified.
systematic review registration : prospero crd42016052762.
background : disulfide bonds are traditionally considered to play only structural roles.
in recent years , increasing evidence suggests that the disulfide proteome is made up of structural disulfides and reversible disulfides.
unlike structural disulfides , reversible disulfides are usually of important functional roles and may serve as redox switches.
interestingly , only specific disulfide bonds are reversible while others are not.
however , whether reversible disulfides can be predicted based on structural information remains largely unknown.
methods : in this study , two datasets with both types of disulfides were compiled using independent approaches.
the robustness was further validated by using revss redoxdb as independent testing dataset.
this model was applied to proteins with known structures in the pdb database.
the results show that one third of the predicted reversible disulfide containing proteins are well-known redox enzymes , while the remaining are non-enzyme proteins.
conclusions : this study provides the first comparative analysis between the reversible and the structural disulfides.
distinct features remarkably different between these two groups of disulfides were identified , and a svm-based classifier for predicting reversible disulfides was developed accordingly.
a web server named revsspred can be accessed freely from : @url@ .
rare variation in the trem2 gene is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
trem2 encodes a receptor expressed in microglia which is thought to influence neurodegeneration by sensing damage signals and regulating neuroinflammation.
we characterized this variant using biochemical cell surface expression assays and found that it significantly altered cell surface expression of the trem2 protein.
together these data provide evidence that the a192t variant in trem2 could contribute risk for ad.
recent findings : studies indicate clear impairments in satellite cell function with aging , resulting in an impaired muscle fiber regenerative response.
the autophagy-mediated switch to an irreversible presenescent state of geriatric satellite cells appears to play a key role in age-related impaired satellite cell function.
in addition , inadequate muscle fiber vascularization may be a crucial factor underlying impaired regulation of satellite cells in older adults.
controversy remains on the actual contribution of satellite cells to the development of sarcopenia in later life , this clearly requires further research.
for the past several years , there has been much talk and published about \ "the conversation project. \ "
this is an effort to inform people about their options and wishes toward end of life.
background : the eyes are particularly important aesthetic features of the face and revitalization of the infraorbital region has become a focus of aesthetic treatments.
published infraorbital scales to date have limitations in that they have been descriptive , subjective , or have used computer-generated images.
thus , there is an unmet need for a validated scale based on actual images.
objective : to develop a practical photonumeric scale that respects the complex anatomy and age-related changes occurring in the orbital area.
scale development involved both online photographs and live assessments of subjects.
interrater and intrarater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) .
conclusion : the airs can be considered a photonumeric scale that accurately describes volume loss in the infraorbital region.
it has been validated and is appropriate for use in research or for everyday clinical use for both live and photographic assessment.
whether incobotulinumtoxina and other bontas are equipotent is subject of debate.
objective : to compare the efficacy of incobotulinumtoxina and other bontas for aesthetic applications.
results : fifteen articles met the selection criteria.
two studies found that incobotulinumtoxina was noninferior or equivalent to onabotulinumtoxina for the treatment of glabellar frown lines ( gfls ) .
eight studies found no difference in efficacy between incobotulinumtoxina and other bontas.
finally , @number@ placebo-controlled studies demonstrated the efficacy of incobotulinumtoxina for treating gfls and upper facial lines.
conclusion : the weight of the evidence from comparative clinical trials indicates that incobotulinumtoxina , onabotulinumtoxina , and abobotulinumtoxina have similar efficacy for aesthetic applications.
this case study provides an in-depth examination of this process and efforts to optimize the role.
results : expected roles of ccs included case management of high-risk patients , transitions of care , and population management.
the population of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) continues to grow , partly reflecting the aging global population in general.
treatment patterns may thus be suboptimal.
residence and time spent with primary caregiver were associated with participation in physical leisure activity.
these support services should partner with primary caregivers in order to best foster participation in physical leisure activity.
word-list learning tasks are among the most important and frequently used tests for declarative memory evaluation.
for example , the california verbal learning test-children's version ( cvlt-c ) and rey auditory verbal learning test provide important information about different processes.
this indicates that the exponential increase ( curvilinear performance ) of correctly learned words does not solely depend on semantic and / or length features.
age affects the immune response to vaccination , with individuals at the extremes of age responding poorly.
in this study we measured the local and systemic inflammatory response after influenza vaccination or infection in neonatal , young adult and aged mice.
mice were immunized intramuscularly with inactivated influenza vaccine with and without the adjuvant mf59 and then challenged with h1n1 influenza.
in conclusion , we demonstrate that age affects the inflammatory response to both influenza vaccination and infection.
these age-induced differences need to be considered when developing vaccination strategies for different age groups.
the proposed method is applicable to both cross-sectional and longitudinal region-level imaging data.
we show the asymptotic rates for the bias and covariance functions of the proposed estimator and its asymptotic normality.
our simulation studies demonstrate that by borrowing information from similar regions , the proposed spatial similarity method improves the efficiency remarkably.
we apply the proposed method to two neuroimaging data examples.
mitral regurgitation is a common mitral valve dysfunction which may lead to heart failure.
transcatheter valve implantation could represent an effective solution.
however , currently available aortic valve devices are inapt for the mitral position.
this paper presents the design , development and hydrodynamic assessment of a novel bi-leaflet mitral valve suitable for transcatheter implantation.
the device consists of two leaflets and a sealing component made from bovine pericardium , supported by a self-expanding wireframe made from superelastic niti alloy.
a parametric design procedure based on numerical simulations was implemented to identify design parameters providing acceptable stress levels and maximum coaptation area for the leaflets.
prototypes were built and their hydrodynamic performances were tested on a cardiac pulse duplicator , in compliance with the iso5840-3 : 2013 standard.
the numerical results and hydrodynamic tests show the feasibility of the device to be adopted as a transcatheter valve implant for treating mitral regurgitation.
here , we generated a transgenic marmoset model of the polyq diseases , showing progressive neurological symptoms including motor impairment.
seven transgenic marmosets were produced by lentiviral introduction of the human ataxin @number@ gene with @number@ cag repeats encoding an expanded polyq stretch.
pathological examinations revealed neurodegeneration and intranuclear polyq protein inclusions accompanied by gliosis , which recapitulate the neuropathological features of polyq disease patients.
notably , successful germline transgene transmission was confirmed in the second-generation offspring derived from the symptomatic transgenic marmoset gamete.
working memory ( wm ) entails maintenance and manipulation of information in the absence of sensory input.
this study investigated the trajectories and neural basis of these component processes of wm functions in aging.
prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination , but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology.
in addition to its hypoglycemic effect , metformin has an anti-inflammatory function , but the precise mechanism promoting this activity remains unclear.
here we identified hmgb1 as a novel metformin-binding protein by affinity purification using a biotinylated metformin analogue.
metformin directly bound to the c-terminal acidic tail of hmgb1.
both background : stereotactic body radiotherapy ( sbrt ) is the standard of care for medically inoperable early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.
our purpose was to investigate the efficacy , safety , and survival of patients ≥ @number@ years old treated with definitive lung sbrt.
methods : patients who underwent sbrt were reviewed from @number@ to @number@ at @number@ academic centers.
patients diagnosed at ≥ @number@ years old were included.
kaplan-meier and multivariate logistic regression and cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed.
recursive partitioning analysis was done to determine a subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from therapy.
conclusion : definitive lung sbrt for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer was efficacious and safe in patients ≥ @number@ years old.
patients with a kps of ≥ @number@ derived the most benefit from therapy.
however , the physiological function of abca7 and its transport substrates remain unclear.
immunohistochemical analyses of human brain sections from ad and non-ad subjects revealed that abca7 is expressed in neuron and microglia cells in the cerebral cortex.
the transport substrates and acceptors were identified in bhk / abca7 cells and compared with those of abca1.
like abca1 , abca7 exported choline phospholipids in the presence of apoa-i and apoe ; however , unlike abca1 , cholesterol efflux was marginal.
the major difference in the pattern of lipid peaks between abca7 and abca1 was the high lysopc / pc ratio of abca7.
background : polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use is associated with negative health outcomes among older people.
thus , the potential for clinically significant improvements from different interventions is still unclear.
methods : this is a cluster randomised , single-blind , controlled trial where general practitioners are invited to participate with patients from their lists.
the patients must be @number@ years or older , use at least seven different medications and have their medications administered by the home nursing service.
we plan to recruit @number@ patients , with randomisation at physician level.
the study period is @number@ weeks , and the patients are assessed at baseline , @number@ and @number@ weeks.
the primary outcome measure is health-related quality of life according to the 15d instrument.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02379455 .
registered on @date@ .
metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients and of cancer-related deaths.
this editorial discusses how cancer metastasis may be better perceived and controlled.
based on big-data analyses , a collection of @number@ important pro-metastatic genes was studied.
the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) in single-cell metastasis has been well-documented.
however , in metastasis caused by cancer cell clusters , emt may not be necessary.
a novel role of epithelial marker e-cadherin , as a sensitizer for chemoresistant prostate cancer cells by inhibiting notch signaling , has been found.
objective : we aimed to evaluate risk of unsafe on-road driving performance among older adults with mci.
method : the study was a cross-sectional observational study , set in canberra , australia.
results : using winblad criteria , @number@ participants were classified as having mci and @number@ as cognitively normal ( cn ) .
the mci group performed worse than the cn group on the off-road screening tests.
driving specific tests were more strongly associated with safety ratings than traditional neuropsychological tests.
understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into novel therapeutic strategies for ad.
objective : the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of dance therapy on selected hematological and rheological indicators in older women.
methods : the study included @number@ women ( aged @number@.8±7.4 ) , and the control group comprised of @number@ women of corresponding age.
blood samples from all the women were examined for hematological , rheological , and biochemical parameters prior to the study and five months thereafter.
results : the dance therapy program was reflected by a significant improvement of erythrocyte count and hematocrit.
conclusions : dance therapy modulates selected hematological parameters of older women ; it leads to increase in erythrocyte count and hematocrit level.
dance therapy is reflected by higher plasma viscosity.
concentrations of fibrinogen and glucose are not affected by the dance therapy in older women , suggesting maintenance of homeostasis.
those findings advocate implementation of dance therapy programs in older women.
to date , there are no study has been found where the kinesthesia and joint position senses have been evaluated together in sis.
objective : to investigate the shoulder proprioception in patients with sis.
methods : sixty-one patients with sis and @number@ healthy controls , aging between @number@ and @number@ years , were included in the study.
main outcome measure was proprioception , assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer.
kinesthesia , active and passive joint repositioning senses were tested at 0° and 10° external rotation.
all tests were repeated @number@ times and the mean of angular errors were obtained.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @time@ @number@ ± @time@ in patient group and in control group respectively.
no significant difference was found between two groups in terms of age , gender and dominance.
conclusion : this study showed that shoulder proprioception was impaired in patients with sis.
this proprioceptive impairment was found not only in involved shoulders but also in uninvolved shoulders in patients with sis.
bone marrow ( bm ) was the first msc source characterized.
in the frame of autologous msc therapy , it is important to detect donor's parameters affecting msc potency.
age of the donors appears as one parameter that could greatly affect msc properties.
moreover , in vitro cell expansion is needed to obtain the number of cells necessary for clinical developments.
it will lead to in vitro cell aging that could modify cell properties.
this review recapitulates several studies evaluating the effect of in vitro and in vivo msc aging on cell properties.
despite this , there is growing evidence that the management of diabetes in nhs is suboptimal.
the reasons for this are complex and poorly understood.
this study aimed to identify the current level of diabetes care in nhs using a mixed methods approach.
methods : the nursing managers at all @number@ nhs in county galway in the west of ireland were invited to participate.
a mixed methods approach involved a postal survey , focus group and telephone interviews.
the reported prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was @percent@ with @percent@ of nhs treating residents with insulin.
hypoglycaemia was reported as ' frequent ' in @percent@ of nhs.
a total of @percent@ of nhs have staff who have received diabetes education or training and @percent@ have access to diabetes care guidelines.
staff education was the most cited opportunity for improving diabetes care.
focus group and interview findings highlight variations in the level of support provided by gps and access to dietetic , podiatry and retinal screening services.
aβ is generated from the canonical amyloid-β precursor protein ( app ) proteolysis pathway through β- and γ-secretases.
decreasing aβ levels through targeting app processing is a very promising direction in clinical trials for ad.
a thorough characterization of η-processing of app is critical for a better understanding of ad pathogenesis and insights into results of clinical trials of ad.
here we further investigated η-secretase processing of app using well-characterized cell models of ad.
we found that these two mechanisms act synergistically toward increasing η-secretase processing of app and aη-α levels.
furthermore , we evaluated the effects of several other known secretase modulators on η-processing of app.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
presently there are no effective disease-modifying therapies.
additionally , modifiable risk factors of ad have been identified and characterized.
notably , understanding the underlying mechanisms of ad made it possible to begin the development of new and potentially effective therapeutics.
this review discusses some of these emerging mechanisms and approaches in the translational medicine of ad.
the extension of life span by caloric restriction has been studied across species from yeast and caenorhabditis elegans to primates.
no generally accepted theory has been proposed to explain these observations.
here , we propose that the life span extension produced by caloric restriction can be duplicated by the metabolic changes induced by ketosis.
rapamycin , an inhibitor of mtor , inhibits cell senescence in vitro and increases longevity in several species.
nrf2 levels have been shown to decrease with aging and silencing nrf2 gene induces premature senescence.
therefore , we explored whether nrf2 is involved in the mechanism by which rapamycin delays cell senescence.
we explored this question by examining , as a function of animal age , responsiveness of murine macrophages on the single cell level.
further , we found that an aging-associated deficiency in response termination also is evident following tlr stimulation.
we suggest that , with advancing age , cells become locked into relatively longer-lived response states.
aging-associated immune dysfunctions may reflect a diminution in the cellular nimbleness of immune responsiveness.
mounting evidence indicates that serum cholesterol and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease intensify normative trajectories of age-related cognitive decline.
however , the neural mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown.
olfactory impairment , a well-known biomarker for neurodegeneration , might be present in the condition early , possibly representing a signal for future pathological onset.
our study aimed at evaluating olfactory function in mci and healthy controls in relation to neurocognitive performance and endothelial function.
a total of @number@ individuals with mci and @number@ healthy controls , matched for age and gender , were recruited.
olfactory function was assessed by sniffin ' sticks extended test ( burghart , medizintechnik , gmbh , wedel , germany ) .
a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment was performed.
endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation ( fmd ) of the brachial artery by ultrasound.
mci individuals showed an impaired olfactory function compared to controls.
the overall olfactory score is able to predict mci with a good sensitivity and specificity ( @number@ and @percent@ respectively ) .
the present study sought to provide such data for the karolinska sleepiness scale.
participants were @number@ individuals working in medium-sized public service units.
days off showed reduced sleepiness ( @number@ units ) , while being sick listed was associated with an increased sleepiness ( @number@ units ) .
improved sleep quality accounted for the reduced sleepiness during days off , but reduced stress was a second factor.
similar results were obtained in a longitudinal mixed-model regression analysis across the @number@ days of the week.
iron- and neuromelanin-sensitive mri detect qualitative changes in the substantia nigra.
quantitative mri markers can be derived from diffusion weighted and iron-sensitive imaging or volumetry.
functional brain alterations at rest or during task performance have been captured with functional and arterial spin labeling perfusion mri.
movement disorders published by wiley periodicals , inc. on behalf of international parkinson and movement disorder society.
both dimensions increase thereafter.
this study was undertaken to determine the reason for the change.
the boundaries of nuclear cores containing from @number@ to @number@ mg , in @number@ mg increments , were determined from the isoindicial shells.
cortex thickness was determined from the distance between the @number@ mg nuclear boundary and the capsule.
results : the sagittal thickness of every nuclear core decreased until age @number@ years and remained constant thereafter.
the volumes of the cores decreased and their shapes changed from near spherical to spheroidal.
equatorial and sagittal cortex thickness increased linearly with age at @number@ mm per year.
the anterior sagittal cortex was @number@ mm larger than the posterior and the equatorial cortex was @number@ mm greater.
cortex growth is linear throughout life.
controls were subsequently restricted to active comparators.
the association between pre-diagnostic and time-dependent post-diagnostic beta-blocker use and overall survival was estimated using cox proportional hazard regression models.
subgroup analyses by cancer site and stage and by beta-blocker type were conducted.
of @number@ crc patients with a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) used beta-blockers prior to diagnosis.
analyses by beta-blocker type , by cancer site , cancer stage and by cumulative dose showed no significant survival improvements for beta-blocker users.
design : retrospective cohort study.
measurements : hospice referral was defined as referral to hospice within @number@ day after hospital discharge.
attending physician type was determined by part b physician billing for @percent@ of the billings during that admission.
continuity of care was defined as the hospital physician also billing for an outpatient visit within @number@ days of that hospital admission.
number of adl impairments , cognitive measures , pre-admission illnesses and illness severity were derived from the mds.
continuity of physician care from the outpatient setting to the hospital was associated with lower hospice referral ( aor @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.73-0.85 ) .
design : prospective cohort study with @number@ years of follow-up.
setting : large multicentre study in the united kingdom.
participants : individuals ( aged 64-105 ) from the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study ( n = @number@ ) .
from this , a subsample of @number@ individuals was selected based on age , center , and cognitive ability to undergo a detailed cognitive assessment.
measurements : information on sociodemographic characteristics , health , cognition , and functional ability was collected in an interview.
the geriatric mental state automated geriatric examination for computer assisted taxonomy and the cambridge cognitive examination were used to determine cognitive status.
stroke incidence was derived from self-report , informant report , and death certificates.
participants were divided into no , mild , moderate , and severe cognitive impairment according to their baseline mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) score.
results : over @number@ years , @number@ incident strokes occurred.
lower mmse score at baseline was associated with greater risk of incident stroke.
conclusion : criteria for mci , defined using mmse scores or clinical criteria , can capture individuals at greater stroke risk.
the results highlight the need to focus on stroke risk in individuals even with mci.
objectives : investigate associations of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ( dish ) with self-reported and measured physical function in older adults.
design : cross-sectional analyses of data collected in 1992-96 from a longitudinal cohort.
setting : research clinic within a community.
results : dish was present in @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women.
conclusions : dish was less prevalent in women but affected almost one-quarter of older white men.
people with dish are more likely to experience physical functional impairment , suggesting that dish has clinical correlations and is not an incidental radiographic finding.
large disadvantages in prevalent and incident ci were observed for all ren minorities respective to us-born non-hispanic whites.
residence in an immigrant enclave was protective of prevalent ci among fb-ma.
the results indicate that early-life and late-life migrant women spend more years with performance-oriented mobility assessment limitations than u.s.-born women.
conversely , midlife migrant women were not statistically different from u.s.-born women in years spent disabled.
in men , midlife migrants had longer life expectancies and had more disability-free years than u.s.-born men.
these findings illustrate that older mexican americans in the united states are heterogeneous in nativity and health outcomes.
more years spent disabled or unhealthy may result in greater burden on family members and greater dependence on public resources.
design : national serial cross-sectional study.
setting : veterans health affairs inpatient and outpatient settings.
setting : eight u.s. centers.
measurements : mets was defined according to the @number@ multiagency harmonized criteria.
results : seven hundred sixty-three ( @percent@ ) participants met criteria for mets.
the test for statistical interaction was significant ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : moderate-intensity pa substantially reduces the risk of persistent mmd in older persons with functional limitations with mets but not in those without mets.
comparable results were observed for incident mmd.
the life pa program may be an effective strategy for reducing mobility disability in vulnerable older persons with mets.
nhej1-patients develop severe progressive lymphocytopenia and premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) at a young age.
the mutation resulted in a truncated protein.
this downregulation resulted in reduced telomerase activity and decreased expression of several telomerase / shelterin genes.
previous reports failed to find this connection because of the use of patient´s cells immortalized by tert expression or recombined telomeres by alt pathway.
csb alone remodels nucleosomes ∼10-fold slower than the acf remodeling complex.
strikingly , nap1-like histone chaperones interact with csb and greatly enhance csb-mediated chromatin remodeling.
here we studied csb's dna-binding and nucleosome-remodeling activities at the single molecule level in real time.
we also determined how the nap1l1 chaperone modulates these activities.
we found that csb interacts with dna in two principle ways : by simple binding and a more complex association that involves gross dna distortion.
remarkably , nap1l1 suppresses both these interactions.
additionally , we demonstrate that nucleosome remodeling by csb consists of three distinct phases : activation , translocation and pausing , similar to acf.
importantly , we found that nap1l1 promotes csb-mediated remodeling by accelerating both activation and translocation.
additionally , nap1l1 increases csb processivity by decreasing the pausing probability during translocation.
our study , therefore , uncovers the different steps of csb-mediated chromatin remodeling that can be regulated by nap1l1.
measured physical performance is closely tied with socioeconomic conditions , but self-reported measures have a much smaller or weaker socioeconomic gradient.
in international age-adjusted comparisons , the haalsi sample had lower physical performance outcomes than most comparison populations.
discussion : as the first hrs sister study undertaken in africa , haalsi adds vital information on population aging and health in the region.
continuing waves of haalsi data will be a key resource for understanding differences in the complex processes of disability across lmic contexts.
these early studies proposed a classification of the sec in six stages.
morphological analyses were performed by both light and transmission electron microscopy.
moreover , acrosomal development of spermatids was clearly revealed.
altogether , our data redefined the limits of each stage leading to a more reliable determination of the sec in man.
limitations , reasons for caution : occasionally , germ cells can be absent in some tubular sections.
in this situation , it has to be taken into account the germ cell association proposed in the present study to classify the stages.
wider implications of the findings : our findings bring a new focus on the morphology and development of germ cells during the sec in human.
the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
trial registration number : not applicable.
background : age-related brain changes leading to altered socioemotional functioning may increase vulnerability to financial exploitation.
if confirmed , this would suggest a novel mechanism leading to heightened financial exploitation risk in older adults.
development of predictive neural markers could facilitate increased vigilance and prevention.
in this preliminary study , we sought to identify structural and functional brain differences associated with financial exploitation in older adults.
using magnetic resonance imaging , we examined cortical thickness and resting state functional connectivity.
behavioral data were collected using standardized cognitive assessments , self-report measures of mood and social functioning.
functional connectivity encompassing these regions , within default and salience networks , was reduced , while between network connectivity was increased.
self-reported anger and hostility was higher for the exploited group.
conclusions : we observed financial exploitation associated with brain differences in regions involved in socioemotional functioning.
these exploratory and preliminary findings suggest that alterations in brain regions implicated in socioemotional functioning may be a marker of financial exploitation risk.
large-scale , prospective studies are necessary to validate this neural mechanism , and develop predictive markers for use in clinical practice.
cognition was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
function was evaluated as the number of functional limitations ( 0-10 ) .
bpsd was evaluated as the number of symptoms ( 0-12 ) .
expenditures were estimated with a generalized linear model ( log-link and gamma distribution ) .
number of hospitalizations , institutional outpatient visits , and physician visits were estimated with a negative binomial regression.
medicare covered skilled nursing days were estimated with a zero-inflated negative binomial model.
results : cognition and bpsd were not associated with expenditures.
bpsd had no effect on hospitalizations.
cognition had no effect on skilled nursing care.
no clinical feature was associated with institutional outpatient care.
of individuals with an mmse less than @number@ poorer cognition was associated with fewer physician visits.
among those with more than six functional limitations , poorer function was associated with fewer physician visits.
conclusions : poorer function , not cognition or bpsd , was associated with higher medicare expenditures.
gnaq is a member of g protein family and is rich in brain tissue.
it has attracted the attention of many researchers in melanoma due to its high ratio of mutation.
we have previously reported that the expression level of gnaq in the mouse forebrain cortex was significantly decreased with age.
oxidative stress ( os ) is the main cause leading to brain aging and related diseases.
the roles and mechanisms of gnaq in antioxidation in the brain have not been fully explored.
results showed that the antioxidative ability of gnaq-sy5y cells was significantly improved.
concomitantly , the ros level in gnaq-sy5y cells was significantly decreased whether the cells were subject to or not to h2o2 treatment.
anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 was up-regulated and apoptosis-promoting protein bax was down-regulated in gnaq-sy5y cells after treatment with h2o2.
nf-κb and phosphorylated erk1 / 2 ( p-erk1 / 2 ) was significantly down-regulated in gnaq-sy5y cells.
h2o2 treatment decreased gnaq expression but increased nf-κb and p-erk1 / 2 expressions in gnaq-sy5y cells.
it is therefore concluded that gnaq plays a pivotal role in antioxidation in neural cells.
a possible mechanism for this would be that the overexpressed gnaq inhibits the cellular damaging effect mediated by nf-κb and erk1 / 2 signal pathways.
glycation , a non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins , induces tissue damage in association with various diseases and aging phenomena.
pentosidine , an advanced glycation end product , is involved in aging phenomena such as tissue stiffness.
in this study , we aimed to find a potent anti-glycation food material and to verify its health benefits by clinical trial.
a gender-stratified analysis revealed that cheek skin elasticity was significantly improved in the lb group compared with the control group only in female subjects.
an age-associated androgen decrease and its pathological conditions are defined as late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) .
among the various symptoms associated with loh , a visceral fat increase is strongly associated with relatively low levels of testosterone.
however , few studies have investigated the relationship between the aging males ' symptoms ( ams ) scores and metabolic abnormalities.
thus , we aimed to clarify this relationship by investigating the relationship between ams scores and various markers in blood.
no statistical association was observed between total ams scores and any testosterone value.
all mental , physical and sexual ams subscales were significantly positively correlated with insulin levels and homa-ir.
only sexual subscale scores were significantly inversely associated with free or bioavailable testosterone level.
males with insulin resistance ( homa-ir≥2.5 ) demonstrated significantly higher ams scores than those with normal insulin sensitivity ( homa-ir < 2.5 ) .
ams values were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose , insulin and homa-ir values.
in conclusion , almost @percent@ of healthy male subjects displayed abnormal ams scores.
ams values were not associated with testosterone values but rather were related to insulin resistance , particularly in subjects with moderately severe ams values.
insulin resistance-related general unwellness might be reflected by ams values.
the autophagy-lysosome system is an essential pathway to get rid of unwanted cellular components ( proteins and organelles ) .
most neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by accumulation of undegraded misfolded proteins and are currently associated with autophagy-lysosome dysfunctions.
recent studies have highlighted the modulation of this complex pathway as a putative therapeutic strategy.
this review provides an update on the brain-related specificities and dysfunctions of this pathway and discusses the autophagy-based therapies couteracting neurodegeneration.
autophagy is a key mechanism for the maintenance of intracellular and organismal homeostasis.
intriguingly , several maneuvers that increase the lifespan of model organisms in the laboratory , like caloric restriction , do so in an autophagy-dependent manner.
here , we briefly discuss the intimate relationship between the autophagic preservation of intracellular and organismal fitness and healthy aging.
this prospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome ( met s ) and premature ejaculation ( pe ) among men.
a diagnostic approach was undertaken to include demographics , clinical features and laboratory investigations of the study subjects.
both ed and systolic hypertension may be associated with pe.
prevention of met s should be considered , and this may be of help to decrease the prevalence of pe.
older people face chronic conditions such as sarcopenia and functional decline , which are often associated with disability and frailty.
proteomics assay of potential serum biomarkers of frailty in older adults.
older adults were divided into non-frail and frail groups ( reference intervals and decision limits are a critical part of the clinical laboratory report.
the evaluation of their correct use represents a tool to verify the post analytical quality.
four elements are identified as indicators.
@number@
the use of decision limits for lipids and glycated hemoglobin.
@number@
the use , whenever possible , of common reference values.
@number@
@number@
the presence of age-related reference intervals.
the lack of such reference intervals may imply significant risks for the patients.
aim : depression and frailty are prevalent and burdensome in older age.
however , the relationships between these entities are unclear and no quantitative meta- analysis exists.
we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the associations between depression and frailty.
methods : two authors searched major electronic databases from inception until @date@ for cross-sectional / longitudinal studies investigating depression and frailty.
the strength of the reciprocal associations between frailty and depression was assessed through odds ratios ( ors ) adjusted for potential confounders.
results : from @number@ non duplicated hits , @number@ studies were included.
however , further prospective investigations are warranted.
participants also designated who was considered the key decision maker.
results : the response rate was @percent@ ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
mean age was @number@ years , ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
more than @percent@ of participants indicated they were the main decision maker on receiving radiation therapy.
there was wide variation in information needs regarding radiation therapy decision making.
participants rated a mean of @number@ ( range , 3-24 ) items as \ "essential. \ "
participants rated items related to benefits highest , followed by side effects.
conclusions : older women desire information and have more agency and input in the decision-making process than prior literature would suggest.
the variation in information needs indicates that future decision support tools should provide options to select what information would be of interest to the participants.
stigma is recognized as a barrier to the prevention , care , and treatment of hiv , including engagement in the hiv care continuum.
hiv stigma in older black women may be compounded by preexisting social inequities based on gender , age , and race.
study findings indicated that older black women experienced high levels of hiv stigma , retention in care , and art adherence.
findings suggest that experiences of hiv stigma were intensified for older black women due to multiple stigmatized social positions.
participants also reported experiences of marginalization in health care that hindered retention in care and art adherence.
interventions aimed at improving hiv prevention , care , and treatment outcomes should incorporate hiv stigma reduction strategies as core elements.
pyogenic infections of the bony spinal column and the intervertebral discs are on a steady rise in an aging western population.
emphasis is placed on the clinical presentation and management of septic facet joints and psoas muscle abscesses associated with lumbar spondylodiscitis.
the biological activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( mif ) might be mediated through a classical receptormediated or non-classical endocytic pathway.
jab1 ( c-jun activation domain-binding protein-1 ) promotes the degradation of the tumor suppressor , p53 , and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor , p27.
the intestinal parasite , anisakis simplex , has an immunomodulatory effect.
the molecular mechanism of action of as-mif and human jab1 are poorly understood.
in this study , as-mif and hjab1 were expressed and purified with high solubility.
the structure of as-mif and hjab1 interaction was modeled by homology modeling based on the structure of ace-mif.
[ bmb reports @number@ 50 ( @number@ ) : 269-274 ] .
participants [ n = @number@ mean age ( range ) = @number@ ( 65-96 ) years ] completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and objective measures of mobility.
our findings did not generally indicate that older adults of low socioeconomic status have a reduced capacity to be mobile.
participants presented with positive profiles across physical , psychosocial , and social environment domains that influence the capacity to be mobile.
they also made a high proportion of trips by foot , although these did not together serve to meet physical activity guidelines for most.
furthermore , to project the number of individuals likely to have hf in the future.
design : baseline characteristics and clinical data from @number@ individuals who participated in the population based ages-reykjavik study and gave their informed consent were used.
their age range was 66-98 years ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) , @percent@ were females.
hf-diagnoses were established by review of hospital records and adjudicated according to prespecified criteria.
the number of individuals ≥70 years with hf will increase considerably in the future.
three different barrel toastings were evaluated.
barrel-fermented wines generally presented @number@.2-fold higher total phenolics , whereas tank-fermented wines exhibited @number@.1- and @number@.2-fold greater total proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin contents , respectively.
concerning ellagitannin composition , the barrel toasting effect seemed to be more important than differences due to mlf container.
certain woody and fruity volatiles varied significantly ( p < @number@ ) depending on whether mlf occurred in barrels or tanks.
barrel-fermented wines were preferred in the mouth , whereas olfactory preference depended on barrel toasting.
purpose : the risk of breast cancer ( bc ) increases in parallel with increasing age.
despite the increased disease burden in elderly patients , there is still a great uncertainty regarding \ "how to manage \ " bc in aging-population.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment approaches of patients with bc aged @number@ years or over.
methods : the medical records of @number@ patients with bc followed between 1994-2015 were retrospectively analyzed.
of the @number@ patients , @number@ with stage i to iii disease aged @number@ years or over at bc diagnosis were enrolled into this study.
results : the median age was @number@ for group @number@ ( range 70-79 ) and @number@ for group @number@ ( range 80-92 ) .
excluding tumor size and grade , no statictically significant difference was found between the two groups according to histopathological characteristics.
modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy were more commonly performed in group @number@ ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.001 , respectively ) .
in contrast , neoadjuvant treatment was more frequently applied in group @number@ ( p = 0.003 ) .
conclusion : excluding the tumor grade and tumor size , both groups had similar histopathological features.
aflibercept ( eylea objective : to report descriptive and normative data for the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) in a population-based african american sample.
method : the moca was administered to @number@ african american participants ( mean age @number@ years , range 18-75 , @percent@ female ) .
pearson correlations and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship to demographic variables , and frequency of missed items was reviewed.
conclusion : this is the first study to examine normative performance on the moca specific to community-dwelling african americans.
findings suggest that certain aspects of this measure and previously established cutoff scores may not be well-suited for some populations.
objective : cognitive aging is commonly associated with a decrease in executive functioning ( ef ) .
method : a systematic search involving web of science , psyinfo , psycharticle , and medline databases and google scholar was performed.
a total of @number@ studies were included in this meta-analysis , encompassing a total of @number@ participants ; @number@ young and @number@ older adults.
attitudes of dental students regarding the provision of treatment tend to be dentist-centered ; however , facilitating mixed student group formation could change such perceptions.
the study employed a pretest-posttest single group design.
the intervention was finalized with an award ceremony for the best intraprofessional team.
before and after the intervention , students completed a questionnaire measuring their perceived distribution of ten tasks between dentists and dental hygienists.
a total of @number@ dental students and @number@ dental hygiene students participated in the intervention-all @number@ of those eligible.
dental hygiene students perceived one task as being less dentist-centered after the intervention : radiograph for cariologic diagnosis ( p = 0.041 ) .
this study found that these dental and dental hygiene students had different opinions regarding the scope of practice for dentistry and dental hygiene.
the number of redistributed tasks after the intervention was especially substantial among the dental students , although the amount of change per task was minimal.
half of all tasks were perceived as less dentist-centered as a result of the intervention.
longitudinal data analyses were performed using a generalized linear model.
discrimination and reclassification abilities of invasive physiological indices were comparable for cfr.
conclusions : the diagnostic performance of invasive physiological indices showed no differences in the prediction of myocardial ischemia defined by cfr.
using rfr as a reference , ffr showed a better discrimination and reclassification ability than resting indices.
advances in public health in the past century have seen a sharp increase in human life expectancy.
with these changes have come an increased prevalence of age-related pathologies and health burdens in the elderly.
patient age is the biggest risk factor for multiple chronic conditions that often occur simultaneously within a single individual.
an alternative to disease-centric therapeutic approaches is that of ' geroscience' , which aims to define molecular mechanisms that link age to overall disease risk.
one such mechanism is deregulation of creb-regulated transcriptional coactivators ( crtcs ) .
crtcs have been shown to modulate organismal aging in caenorhabditis elegans and to impact on age-related diseases in humans.
we discuss crtc deregulation as a new driver of aging that integrates the link between age and disease risk.
background : stress affects health-related quality of life through several pathways , including physiological processes and health behaviors.
there is always a relationship between stress ( the stimulus ) and coping ( the response ) .
the relationship between snacking and snackers ' diet quality and stress coping is a topic overlooked in research.
objective : the study was primarily designed to determine whether energy provided by snacks and diet quality were associated with coping behaviors to manage stress.
participants : the sample was composed of @number@ socioeconomically diverse african-american and white adults who resided in baltimore , md.
snack occasions were self-reported as distinct eating occasions.
diet quality was evaluated by the healthy eating index-2010.
perceived stress was measured with the 4-item perceived stress scale.
conclusions : energy contributed by snacks and diet quality were affected by the strategy that an individual used to cope with stress.
the findings suggest that health professionals working with individuals seeking guidance to modify their eating practices should assess a person's coping strategies to manage stress.
various neurodegenerative disorders share some clinical features that sometimes renders differential diagnosis challenging.
genetic-based classification also has limitations as mutations in the same gene are sometimes associated with different clinically based diagnoses.
the screenings did not identify disease causing variations in either of the genes among the pd patients screened.
heterozygous triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells ( trem2 ) mutations are an alzheimer's disease ( ad ) risk factor.
nonmutated trem2 dysregulation occurs in ad brain.
whether trem2 is altered in prodromal ad remains unknown.
immunohistochemistry defined the relationship between amyloid and iba1 profiles.
polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that all subjects did not carry the most common r47h trem2 variant.
trem2 was significantly upregulated in sad frontal cortex but stable in hippocampus.
frontal trem2 mrna and protein level patterns were similar but not significantly different.
iba1 immunopositive microglia counts increased significantly in frontal cortex containing plaques in sad.
trem2 and iba1 levels were not associated with plaques , tangles , neuropathological criteria , or cognitive performance.
frontal cortex trem2 upregulation is a late event and may not play a major role early in the pathogenesis of the disease.
there is no single definition of polypharmacy.
use of @number@ or more medications commonly is used.
protocols or algorithms to improve polypharmacy and prescribing in older adults have been developed.
concepts in ags beers and stopp can be incorporated into polypharmacy reduction strategies to improve outcomes of care for older adults.
in @number@ medicare beneficiaries began receiving prescription coverage benefits through part d of the medicare benefit.
medicare part d plans must provide medication therapy ( mtm ) services.
now , @number@ years after the start of medicare part d , several changes have been made to the program's design.
objective : oxidative stress ( os ) is associated with accelerated aging.
previous studies have suggested a possible relationship between os and frailty but this association remains unclear.
we conducted a systematic review to investigate potential interactions between os and frailty.
cross-sectional / case control and longitudinal studies reporting data on the association between frailty and anti-oxidants-os biomarkers were considered for inclusion.
results were summarized with a synthesis based on the best evidence.
conclusion : frailty and pre-frailty appear to be associated with higher os and possibly lower anti-oxidant parameters.
however , due to the cross-sectional design , it is not possible to disentangle the directionality of the relationships observed.
thus , future high-quality and in particular longitudinal research is required to confirm or refute these relationships and to further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms.
shared frailty models were computed to further explore the association between crc specific survival and insurance status after adjustment for demographic and treatment variables.
similar results were observed for stage- and age-specific analyses , with survival being consistently higher for nhw and api compared to other groups.
after confounder adjustment , hazard ratios of @number@ and @number@ for crc-specific survival were observed for medicaid and uninsured.
racial / ethnic differences remained significant only for nhb compared to nhw.
conclusions : race / ethnic group and insurance type are partially independent factors affecting survival expectations for patients diagnosed with crc.
nhb had lower than expected survival for all insurance types.
background : aging is usually associated with increased levels of oxidants , and may result in damages caused by oxidative stress.
there is a direct relationship between aging and increased incidence of inflammatory diseases.
introduction : age-disparate sex has long been considered a factor that increases hiv risk for young women in south africa.
however , recent studies from specific regions in south africa have found conflicting evidence.
this study investigates the relationship between age-disparate sex and hiv status among young women aged 15-24 in south africa.
findings were statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) for the years @number@ @number@ and @number@
background : there is growing interest in identifying interventions that may increase health span by targeting biological processes underlying aging.
methods : experienced geriatrics researchers and clinical trialists collaborated to provide advice on clinical trial design.
results : outcomes based on the accumulation and incidence of age-related chronic diseases are attractive for clinical trials targeting aging.
accumulation and incidence rates of multimorbidity outcomes were developed by selecting at-risk subsets of individuals from three large cohort studies of older individuals.
these provide representative benchmark data for decisions on eligibility , duration , and assessment protocols.
monitoring rules should be sensitive to targeting aging-related , rather than disease-specific , outcomes.
conclusions : clinical trials targeting aging are feasible , but require careful design consideration and monitoring rules.
this study aimed at identifying aging phenotypes and their related outcomes in order to recognize frailty in hospitalized older patients.
methods : patients aged @number@ or older enrolled in internal medicine and geriatric wards participating in the reposi registry.
relationships among variables associated to sociodemographic , physical , cognitive , functional , and medical status were explored using a multiple correspondence analysis.
the hierarchical cluster analysis was then performed to identify possible patient profiles.
multivariable logistic regression was used to verify the association between clusters and outcomes ( in-hospital mortality and 3-month postdischarge mortality and rehospitalization ) .
results : @number@ patients were included in the statistical analyses.
the identification of different patient profiles can help defining the best care strategy according to specific patient needs.
as such , there is concern regarding use of autologous adult stem cell therapy in older patients.
however , it is not clear yet if there is any clinical benefit from banking cells at a younger age.
in parallel , asc proliferation and efficiency of tri-lineage differentiation were evaluated.
further , no change in proliferation rates of cultured ascs was found , and expanded cells from all patients were capable of tri-lineage differentiation.
level of evidence : @number@
method : interviewees were chosen based on their physical function and well-being scores.
interviews were analyzed to investigate \ "soc talk , \ " that is , older people's talk about soc behaviors in everyday life.
types and amounts of soc talk were quantified , and talk was narratively analyzed.
we hypothesized that older people who engaged in more soc talk would have higher well-being.
results : older people who engaged in high levels of soc talk had high well-being despite low physical function.
those who engaged in little soc talk had low well-being despite higher physical function.
we provide evidence , from the perspectives of older people themselves , of the ways in which soc may play a role in that process.
methods : sixty-two consecutive patients with idiopathic pd underwent video-polysomnographic recording and showed more than @number@ minutes of rem sleep.
results : rbd was diagnosed in @percent@ of patients.
similarly , the agreement between the two visual methods was very high , and the agreement between each visual methods and rai was substantial.
visual phasic measures alone performed worse than all the other measures.
conclusion : the diagnostic accuracy of rswa obtained with both visual and automatic methods was high and there was a general agreement between methods.
methods : this study is a cross-sectional analysis of performance data gathered between @date@ and @date@ .
results : performance was based on a measure of speed and accuracy for each game.
conclusions : these findings challenge the hypothesis that deteriorating cognitive performance with long sleep duration is driven by medical comorbidities associated with aging.
replication and further research is essential for clarifying the sleep duration-cognition relationship in youth and adults of all ages.
persistent activation of nuclear factor b ( nf-κb ) is very important in the modulation of macrophages cellular response to microbial infections.
however , the mechanism by which usp14 regulates inflammation remains unclear.
meanwhile , usp14 knockdown by sirna showed the same effects , with no cytotoxicity in thp-1 cells.
these findings suggested that usp14 induces nf-κb activity and erk1 / 2 phosphorylation triggered by microbial infection.
also assessed is a function of hyaluronic acid , the major stem cells niche component , as a guardian and controller of stem cells.
the global shift in demographics towards aging populations is leading to a commensurate increase in age-related disease and frailty.
it is essential to optimise health services to meet current needs and prepare for anticipated future demands.
this is important given the high mortality and morbidity associated with this population.
background : dementia is one of the most prevalent diseases in the older population.
various dementia care models have been developed to address patient's healthcare needs.
they can be described as \ "collaborative care \ " or \ "person-centered care \ ".
this helps to identify requirements for ipe to optimize care of people with dementia and to support informal caregivers in the future.
results : care teams are minimally comprised of general practitioners or primary care providers , nurses , and social workers.
additional healthcare disciplines may be involved for specific interventions.
mostly , care team members received specific training but such training did not necessarily incorporate the ipe approach.
conclusion : the ipe programs for dementia should be expanded and must be widely implemented in order to assess the impact on collaborative practice.
hematological malignancies are typical diseases of the elderly.
the aging of the population in the western world results in a significant increase in the number of elderly patients with hematological malignant diseases.
this has important consequences for medicine.
one consequence of this development is that the need for tools for the evaluation of both functional and global status of the elderly increases.
several tools are available for geriatric assessment ( ga ) and there is strong evidence that an effective ga can detect previously unknown problems.
the targeted intervention improves the prognosis and compliance of therapy in elderly patients with hematological malignant diseases.
dna methylation levels ( illumina 450k platform ) were used to estimate the dnam age.
we also observe that the degree of elevation in breast diminishes with advancing age.
future larger studies will be needed to examine associations between epigenetic age acceleration and cumulative hormone exposure.
purpose : breast cancer patients aged 65 + ( \ "older \ " ) vary in frailty status.
we tested whether a deficits accumulation frailty index predicted long-term mortality.
frailty categories ( robust , pre-frail , and frail ) were based on @number@ baseline illness and function items.
cox proportional hazards and competing risk models were used to calculate all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality for up to @number@ years , respectively.
potential covariates included demographic , psychosocial , and clinical factors , diagnosis year , and care setting.
results : patients were 65-91 years old.
most ( @percent@ ) were robust ; @percent@ were pre-frail , and @percent@ frail.
treatment differences did not account for the relationships between frailty and mortality.
conclusions : most older breast cancer patients are robust and could consider chemotherapy where otherwise indicated.
patients who are frail or pre-frail have elevated long-term all-cause and breast cancer mortality.
frailty indices could be useful for treatment decision-making and care planning with older patients.
familial and sporadic essential tremor ( et ) cases differ in several respects.
whether they differ with respect to cerebellar pathologic changes has yet to be studied.
familial et was defined using both liberal criteria ( n = @number@ ) and conservative criteria ( n = @number@ ) .
familial and sporadic et had similar postmortem changes , with few exceptions , regardless of the definition criteria.
after correction for multiple comparisons , however , there were no significant differences.
overall , familial and sporadic et cases share very similar cerebellar postmortem features.
these data indicate that pathological changes in the cerebellum are a part of the pathophysiological cascade of events in both forms of et.
background : acute decompensated heart failure ( adhf ) was a frequent common outcome in sprint ( systolic blood pressure intervention trial ) .
methods and results : adhf was defined as hospitalization for adhf , confirmed and formally adjudicated by a blinded events committee using standardized protocols.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct01206062.
defects in maintaining genome integrity are a hallmark of cancer.
together with oak , sweet chestnut wood ( castanea sativa ) have been often used for such purpose.
the maturation process involves the transfer of secondary metabolites , mainly phenolics , from the wood to the liquid.
at the same time , other metabolites , such as triterpenoids and their glycosides , can also be released.
the cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was tested against two cancer cell lines ( pc3 and mcf-7 ) , and normal lymphocytes.
breast cancer cells ( mcf-7 ) were more affected by tested compounds than prostate cancer cells ( pc3 ) .
chestnoside b ( @number@ ) exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity with an ic cocaine , a powerful vasoconstrictor , induces immune responses including cytokine elevations.
chronic cocaine use is associated with functional brain impairments potentially mediated by vascular pathology.
paradoxically , during the period when prevention efforts could make a difference , this population receives psychosocial treatment at best.
we review major postmortem and in vitro studies documenting cocaine-induced vascular toxicity.
pubmed and academic search complete were used with relevant terms.
early detection of vascular disease in cocaine addiction by multimodality imaging is discussed.
age-related loss of muscle mass and function represents personal and socioeconomic challenges.
both groups received similar protein supplementations.
we studied @number@ participants ( @number@.9±3.2 ( sd ) ( 83-94 , range ) years old ) per-protocol.
here , we present a relatively novel approach of examining the relationship between memory performance and glutamate-glutamine levels using short echo time magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
lumbar degenerative scoliosis is a complex pathology as it often involves the intersection of degenerative spinal stenosis and spinal deformity.
while previous studies provide an indication that these patients may benefit from surgical treatment , the substantial variability in treatment underscores the opportunity for improvement.
optimizing treatment for lumbar degenerative scoliosis is critical as surgical intervention , while potentially providing substantial clinical benefit also entails measurable risk and significant expense.
this is the first time that spine societies and industry partners have collaborated to support evidence development.
the willingness of all involved to support a completely independent process underlines a commitment to trust the evidence.
supplementation of rj in the diet has been shown to increase spatial memory in rodents.
however , the key constituents in rj responsible for improvement of cognitive function are unknown.
our objective was to determine if the major royal jelly proteins ( mrjps ) extracted from rj can improve the spatial memory of aged rats.
the spatial memory assay using the morris water maze test was administered once to rats after a 14-week feeding.
metabolomics analysis based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was conducted to examine the differences in compounds from urine.
aged male rats fed mrjps showed improved spatial memory up to @percent@ when compared to the control male aged rats fed distilled water.
the metabolite pattern of the mrjps-fed aged rats was regressed to that of the young rats.
compounds altered by mrjps were mapped to nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism , cysteine taurine metabolism , and energy metabolism pathways.
objectives the few studies of shift work and late life cognitive functioning have yielded mixed findings.
night work history ( ever / never ) from 1998-2002 was available from a subsample ( n = 320 ) .
early adult cognitive test scores were available for @number@ men.
an interaction effect between any-type shift work and education on cognitive performance at retirement was noted.
lower-educated shift workers performed better on cognitive tests than lower-educated day workers at retirement.
sensitivity analyses , however , indicated that the interactions appeared to be driven by selection effects.
lower-educated day workers demonstrated poorer cognitive ability in early adulthood than lower-educated shift workers , who may have selected jobs entailing higher cognitive demand.
important potential outcomes are emerging across other domains including research-informed policy development and the generation of health benefits.
overall , philanthropy has played a pivotal role in building capacity , infrastructure , and expertise in academic settings in ireland.
moreover , this work provides an excellent example of how such efforts can begin to inform effective planning and service provision.
background : ageing population implies an increasing demand for health care services and resources , unsustainable according to current previsions.
method : we presented the collaborative efforts of italian reference site collaborative network 2012-2015.
results : italian regions joined forces through the \ "progetto mattone internazionale \ " of the ministry of health developing several national and international collaborations.
activities from all five italian reference sites are presented with different good practices and scale-up approaches for improving health in ageing population.
incremental cost-utility ratios ( icurs ) were calculated as cost per quality-adjusted life-year ( qaly ) gained per age category.
icurs for 60- to 69-year-old ldasa users were €13 , 264 / qaly and €64 , 121 / qaly for patients @number@ years and older.
conclusions : ppi co-medication in ldasa users at risk of ugi adverse effects is generally cost effective.
background : toe flexor muscles play an important role in posture and locomotion , and poor toe flexor strength is a risk factor for falls.
in this cross-sectional study , we estimated the age-related change in toe flexor strength and compared it with that of handgrip strength.
independent factors predicting toe flexor and handgrip strength were also determined.
toe flexor and handgrip strength , anthropometry , and resting blood pressure were measured.
fasting blood samples were collected to measure blood glucose , triglycerides , high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols , and albumin.
a self-administered lifestyle questionnaire was conducted.
results : decline in absolute toe flexor and handgrip strength began in the age groups 50-55 and 55-59 years , respectively.
objective : the current review aims to evaluate the sensory stimulation interventions in terms of reducing sleeping disturbances in patients with dementia.
the nonpharmacological interventions seem to be an efficient , inexpensive , and easy tool for family caregivers.
moreover , sleeping disorders increase caregivers ' distress and may lead to hospitalization.
methods : a systematic literature search was performed.
eleven randomized controlled trials have been found.
among these eleven trials , one referred to massage therapy and acupuncture , and the other ten studies referred to bright light therapy.
the other sensory stimulation interventions lack evidence , and there is a strong need for further research.
early-life wheezing-associated respiratory tract infection by rhinovirus ( rv ) is considered a risk factor for asthma development.
we hypothesize that ilc2s are required and sufficient for development of the asthmalike phenotype in immature mice.
this descriptive , cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with @number@ individuals over the age of @number@ and @number@ caregivers.
the data were collected using questionnaires to determine neglect and abuse experienced by both older people and caregivers , and the zarit burden scale.
abuse rate of the older people and their caregivers is both high and similar.
this study is to make psychiatric nursing professionals aware of the problem of elder abuse and neglect.
this study examined the demographics and health characteristics of depressive symptoms of korean older adults.
data were from the @number@ survey of the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) .
hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors of depressive symptoms.
model @number@ including socio-demographics and health characteristics explained @percent@ of depressive symptoms.
interventions to reduce depressive symptoms in these populations should include strategies to change some of these modifiable risk factors.
objectives : there has been a parallel increase in the incidence of obesity and diabetes as well as the number of daily meals.
however , evidence is lacking regarding the role of intermittent fasting.
methods : ten healthy , lean men were included in a nonrandomized , crossover , intervention study.
testing was performed before a control period of @number@ d , as well as before and after @number@ d of rif.
as secondary outcome , the participants ' physical activity and 72-h glycemic responses were monitored @number@ d within each of the periods.
dietary intake , appetite , and mood questionnaires also were assessed.
although rfs have been known for many years their origin and significance remain elusive issues.
we found rfs of various sizes and shapes.
the smallest ones appear as granular depositions on intermediate filaments.
these contain gfap and the small heat shock protein , alphab-crystallin.
their aggregation appears to give rise to large rfs.
the appearance of new rfs and the growth of previously formed rfs occur over time.
we conclude that @number@ ) rfs appear to originate as small , osmiophilic masses containing both gfap and alphab-crystallin deposited on bundles of intermediate filaments.
@number@ ) rfs continue to form within axd astrocytes over time.
@number@ ) dapi is a reliable marker for rfs and can be used with immunolabeling.
@number@ ) rfs appear to interfere with the successful completion of astrocyte mitosis and cell division.
inherent node-strength was related to local iron ( f ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
background : aging is a multifactorial process and depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
procedural options for diminishing signs of intrinsic aging and cosmetic rejuvenation have expanded dramatically.
however , less attention is paid to counseling patients on options for mitigating extrinsic factors related to aging.
we then tested snps previously reported to be associated with either achilles tendon injury or acl rupture.
showed an association in our cohort with a false discovery rate of less than @percent@.
we provide data containing summary statistics for the entire genome , which will be useful for future genetic studies on these injuries.
we characterized @number@ geriatric conditions encompassing multiple functional domains , its health impact and associated risk factors in hiv-infected and age-matched uninfected controls.
methods : hiv-infected individuals were recruited from the outpatient clinic in university malaya medical centre , malaysia and controls from the community.
all participants were aged at least @number@ years of age with no acute illness , and hiv-infected individuals were on stable art.
geriatric conditions were assessed and the burden scored as a composite of geriatric conditions present in an individual ( total score = @number@ ) .
multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors and health impact associated with the burden of geriatric conditions.
the burden of geriatric conditions was significantly higher in the hiv-infected group compared with controls ( p < @number@ ) .
both sociobehavioural and hiv-related clinical factors were independently associated with an increasing burden of geriatric condition in hiv.
there is a larger proportion and number of older adults in the labor force than ever before.
furthermore , older adults in the workforce are working until later ages.
although a great deal of research has examined physical health and well-being of working older adults , less research has focused on cognitive functioning.
( @number@ ) .
we begin by providing definitions and background about cognitive functioning and how it changes over the life span.
the correlations among the @number@ occasions ranged from @number@ to @number@ reflecting substantial stability.
the heritability was significant on each of the @number@ occasions and ranged from @number@ to @number@
the influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages.
the genetic correlations across the @number@ occasions ranged from @number@ to @number@ and did not differ significantly from @number@
the nonshared environmental correlations ranged from @number@ to @number@
latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period.
slope was significantly different from @number@ and indicated that there was modest change over time.
genetic factors primarily contribute to stability , while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences.
there was a significant negative correlation between initial level of gca and change ( r = @number@ ) .
latent class growth analysis identified @number@ trajectories.
in general , the @number@ groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in afqt performance level at the time of military induction.
( psycinfo database record cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide.
an ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp examination was conducted.
prevalence including @percent@ confidential intervals were calculated and analyses were conducted for systemic and ocular associated factors with pseudophakia using multivariable logistic regression models.
vision-related quality of life was assessed using a standardized questionnaire and rasch transformation.14 , 696 people were included.
of these , @percent@ [ @number@.36%-1.77% ] had unilateral pseudophakia and @percent@ [ @number@.81%-3.37% ] had bilateral pseudophakia.
unilateral aphakia was present in @number@ people and bilateral aphakia in @number@ people.
pseudophakia was independently associated with age , higher body weight and lower body height , diabetes and smoking.
bilateral pseudophakia can almost imitate the physiological condition of phakia except for the need to use glasses.
control beliefs are perceptions about one's abilities or competence and the extent to which one can influence performance outcomes.
it was predicted that level of control beliefs would influence misinformation susceptibility and overall memory confidence.
methods : fifty university students ( ages 18-26 ) and @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( ages 62-86 ) were tested.
for each response , participants indicated their level of confidence.
results : the relationship between control beliefs and memory performance was moderated by confidence.
that is , individuals with lower control beliefs made more errors as confidence decreased.
additionally , the relationship between confidence and memory performance differed by age , with greater confidence related to more errors for young adults.
conclusion : confidence is an important factor in how control beliefs and age are related to memory errors in the misinformation effect.
this may have implications for the legal system , particularly with eyewitness testimony.
the confidence of an individual should be considered if the eyewitness is a younger adult.
much less is known about how spatial abilities from nonvisual inputs , particularly from haptic information , may change during life-span spatial development.
this research studied whether learning and updating of haptic target configurations differs as a function of age.
measures evaluated included egocentric pointing , allocentric pointing , and array reconstruction after physical or imagined spatial updating.
results : all measures revealed reliable differences between the oldest and youngest participant groups.
the age effect for egocentric pointing contrasts with previous findings showing preserved egocentric spatial abilities.
postupdating performance sharply declined with age but did not reliably differ between physical and imagined updating.
results are interpreted in terms of a spatial aging effect on mental transformations of three-dimensional representations of space in working memory.
none : background / study context : interest in frailty is growing in low- and middle-income countries , due to demographic aging and resource limitations.
however , there is a paucity of data on the nature of frailty in africa.
at baseline , a limited data set was collected for @number@ people and a more comprehensive data set for a stratified sample of @number@ people.
a 40-item frailty index was constructed.
data regarding mortality and dependency were collected at 3-year follow-up.
logistic regression modeling revealed functional disability and cognitive function to be significant independent predictors of the outcome \ "mortality or dependency. \ "
conclusions : in resource-poor settings , brief frailty screening assessments may be a useful way of identifying those most in need of support.
volunteers were classified according to so definition.
bai , vai , and waist-to-hip ratio ( whr ) were calculated.
blood samples were collected for c-reactive protein ( crp ) , tumor necrosis factor , and interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) measurements.
results : so prevalence was @percent@.
none : background / study context : reduced processing speed pervades a great many aspects of human aging and cognition.
participants were told to maximize their point score and were told their score at the end of each list.
in experiments @number@ and @number@ when participants were able to rely on semantic knowledge , age-related differences in memory performance were eliminated.
the aging semantic differential ( asd ) is the most widely used instrument to measure young people's attitudes towards older adults.
this study translated the asd to mandarin and examined its psychometric properties.
social work researchers , practitioners and allied professionals may utilize the asd-mandarin instrument to measure young people's attitudes towards older adults in china.
we issue a call for a universal-asd that can be applied across different cultural contexts.
mutations in tdp-43 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a fatal paralytic disease characterized by degeneration and premature death of motor neurons.
tdp-43 obesity is an induced health problem that human beings have been facing with non-optimal treatment so far.
humans are on average getting fatter with age , and obesity and aging interact each other to shorten lifetime and decrease life quality.
obesity also causes several aging related-disorders such as cancer , strokes , cardiovascular disease , high blood pressure and type @number@ diabetes.
so , the molecular connections between aging and obesity are promising targets for bio-medical researches and innovative therapies of many health problems.
in this review , we discuss the findings of adipose p53 and rb-two central molecular linkages between aging and obesity-on lipid metabolism and obesity.
in general , aging was associated with decreased force steadiness and force complexity with a concomitant increase in bilateral pfc activity.
while motor performance remained comparable before and after the tsst stress session in both age groups , the associated neural strategies differed between groups.
the role of pai-1 in copd with respect to metabolic and cardiovascular functions is unclear.
a multivariate regression analysis revealed triglyceride and hs-crp levels to be the best predictors of pai-1 within copd.
gold stages ii and iii remained independently associated with higher pai-1 levels in a final regression analysis.
pai- @date@ be a potential biomarker candidate for copd-specific and extra-pulmonary manifestations.
the use of dual-task training paradigm to enhance postural stability in patients with balance impairments is an emerging area of interest.
the differential effects of dual tasks and dual-task training on postural stability still remain unclear.
of @number@ records , @number@ studies involving @number@ participants met the review's inclusion criteria.
the adverse effects of complexity of dual tasks on postural stability were also revealed among patients with multiple sclerosis ( @number@ to @number@ ) .
the review also discusses the significance of verbalization in a dual-task setting for increasing cognitive-motor interference.
clinical implications are discussed with respect to practical applications in rehabilitation settings.
metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is widespread in the human population , and its incidence is continuously increasing , generating serious health problems.
the patients ' characteristics , postoperative clinical outcomes , and the medication records after tur-p were compared.
chi-square test was used for categorical variables and independent samples results : dm group patients had a higher prevalence of comorbidities.
dm patients also had higher incidence of urine retention after surgery.
dm patients had relatively poor treatment outcomes compared to dm-free patients.
there is no effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a devastating motor neuron disease.
here , we investigated these components contributing to the observed variability in force control in groups of participants differing in age and expertise level.
within both tasks and for all groups , stochastic fluctuations were lowest where the deterministic influence was smallest.
the latter findings imply that both components were involved in the observed group differences in the variability of force fluctuations in the modulation task.
however , expertise seems to counteract some of the age effects.
background and purpose : there is great interest in how endovascular clot retrieval hubs provide services to a population.
we applied a computational method to objectively generate service boundaries for such endovascular clot retrieval hubs , defined by traveling time to hub.
methods : stroke incidence data merged with population census to estimate numbers of stroke in metropolitan melbourne , australia.
boundary maps generated based on traveling time at various times of day for combinations of hubs.
superoxide and hydrogen peroxide ( h rationale : the thoracic aortic wall can degenerate over time with catastrophic consequences.
vascular smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) can resist and repair artery damage , but their capacities decline with age and stress.
methods and results : qtc intervals of 12-lead resting electrocardiograms were determined , and trends over time were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
both lqt1 and lqt2 male patients showed qtc interval shortening after the onset of puberty.
in lqt2 male patients , this was preceded by a progressive qtc interval prolongation.
in lqt1 , after the age of @number@ years , male patients had a significantly shorter qtc interval than female patients.
on the contrary , between @number@ and @number@ years , lqt2 male patients had significantly longer qtc interval than lqt2 female patients.
conclusions : there is a significant effect of age and sex on the qtc interval in long-qt syndrome , with a unique pattern per genotype.
the age of @number@ to @number@ years is an important transitional period.
we name this phenomenon of nuclear occurrence of mitochondrial component as numtogenesis.
we provide a description of numt abundance and distribution in tumor versus matched blood-derived normal genomes.
data were analyzed to determine numt proportion and distribution on a genome-wide scale.
a numt suppressor gene was identified by comparing numtogenesis in other organisms.
results : our study reveals that colorectal adenocarcinoma genomes , on average , contains up to @number@.2-fold more somatic numts than matched normal genomes.
women colorectal tumors contained more numt than men.
numt abundance in tumor predicted parallel abundance in blood.
numt abundance positively correlated with gc content and gene density.
increased numtogenesis was observed with higher mortality.
we identified yme1l1 , a human homolog of yeast yme1 ( yeast mitochondrial dna escape @number@ ) to be frequently mutated in colorectal tumors.
yme1l1 was also mutated in tumors derived from other tissues.
we show that inactivation of yme1l1 results in increased transfer of mtdna in the nuclear genome.
conclusions : our study demonstrates increased somatic transfer of mtdna in colorectal tumors.
we identify yme1l1 as the first numt suppressor gene in human and demonstrate that inactivation of yme1l1 induces migration of mtdna to the nuclear genome.
our study reveals that numtogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer.
background : multiple factors , including interactions between genetic and environmental risks , are important in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
however , the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.
methods : we investigated the gene-smoking interactions in dna methylation using @number@ individuals from the epidemiological investigation of rheumatoid arthritis ( eira ) .
finally , mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether dna methylation of cg21325723 mediates this gene-environment interaction on the risk of developing of acpa-positive ra.
results : we identified and replicated one significant gene-environment interaction between rs6933349 and smoking in dna methylation of cg21325723.
biocultural knowledge provides valuable insight into ecological processes , and can guide conservation practitioners in local contexts.
in many regions , however , such knowledge is underutilized due to its often-fragmented record in disparate sources.
in this article , we review and apply ethnobiological knowledge to biodiversity conservation in the eastern himalayas.
our results revealed that sikkim is a biocultural hotspot , where six ethnic communities and @number@ species engage in biocultural relationships.
reviewed species were primarily wild or wild cultivated , native to subtropical and temperate forests , and pend iucn red list of threatened species assessment.
our interdisciplinary approach , which included rank indices and geospatial modelling , can help integrate diverse datasets into evidence-based policy.
associations between baseline characteristics and outcomes for the two groups were analyzed by logistic regression.
multivariable analysis showed that baseline national institutes of health stroke score was associated with favorable outcome ( p = 0.026 ) in young adults.
we conclude that ivt is safe and at least as beneficial for chinese young adults with acute ischemic stroke compared with older patients.
it has a serious effect on the quality of life of elderly individuals and increases their risk of developing physical and mental diseases.
it is an important area of research , given the growing elderly population.
brain functional connectivity modifications represent one of the neurobiological biomarker for lld even if to date remains poorly understood.
in our study , we enrolled @number@ elderly patients with depressive symptoms compared to @number@ age-matched healthy controls.
between-group differences were observed for the geriatric depression scale and hamilton depression rating scale , with higher scores for patients with lld.
pancreatic α cells may process proglucagon not only to glucagon but also to glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) .
however , the biological relevance of paracrine glp-1 for β cell function remains unclear.
normally , intestinal glp-1 compensates for the lack of α cell-derived glp-1.
however , upon aging and metabolic stress , glucose tolerance is impaired.
this was partly rescued with the dpp-4 inhibitor sitagliptin , but not with glucagon administration.
in isolated islets from these mice , glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was heavily impaired and exogenous glp-1 or glucagon rescued insulin secretion.
the histone deacetylase sirt6 promotes dna repair , but its activity declines with age with a concomitant accumulation of dna damage.
furthermore , sirt6 knockout mice exhibit an accelerated aging phenotype and die prematurely.
here , we report that brain-specific sirt6-deficient mice survive but present behavioral defects with major learning impairments by @number@ months of age.
mechanistically , sirt6 regulates tau protein stability and phosphorylation through increased activation of the kinase gsk3α / β.
finally , sirt6 mrna and protein levels are reduced in patients with alzheimer's disease.
therefore , sirt6 and its downstream signaling could be targeted in alzheimer's disease and age-related neurodegeneration.
data from one elderly participant was excluded due to the incorrigible head motion.
in conclusion , cbf and cvr were successfully investigated using a protocol that causes minimal or no discomfort for the participants.
the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of schooling on age-related cognitive decline using unbiased cognitive tests.
cantab allows cognitive assessment across cultures and education levels with reduced interference of the examiner during data acquisition.
using two-way anova , we assessed the influences of age and education on test scores of old adults ( 61-84 years of age ) .
cantab tests included : visual sustained attention , reaction time , spatial working memory , learning and episodic memory.
although reaction time was influenced by age , no significant results on post hoc analysis were detected.
in addition , we suggest that cantab may be useful to detect subtle cognitive changes in healthy aging.
methods : the individuals were categorized in two groups according to the presence or absence of cognitive decline.
cognitive data were related to genetic information.
results : the xbai @number@ aa genotype was more common among cognitive decliners , while -351g allele carriers showed cognitive stability or improvement.
background : health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) is increasingly measured as an outcome for clinical and health services research.
however , relatively little is known about how non-health factors affect hrqol.
personality is a potentially important factor , yet evidence regarding the effects of personality on hrqol measures is unclear.
methods : this systematic review examined the relationships among aspects of personality and hrqol.
eligible studies were identified from medline and psycinfo.
the review included @number@ english-language studies with hrqol as a primary outcome and that assessed personality from the psychological perspective.
results : some personality characteristics were consistently related to psychosocial aspects more often than physical aspects of hrqol.
personality characteristics , especially neuroticism , mastery , optimism , and sense of coherence were most likely to be associated with psychosocial hrqol.
personality explained varying proportions of variance in different domains of hrqol.
the range of variance explained in psychosocial hrqol was @number@ to @percent@ and the range of explained variance in physical hrqol was @number@ to @percent@.
conclusions : personality characteristics are related to hrqol.
systematic collection and analysis of personality data alongside hrqol measures may be helpful in medical research , clinical practice , and health policy evaluation.
methods : the data are based on an italian multicenter population-based cohort study with both cross-sectional and longitudinal components.
two thousand three hundred thirty-seven individuals over @number@ underwent screening , clinical confirmation and 1-year follow-up.
results : the prevalence of mci was @percent@ and the amnestic multiple domain was the most frequent subtype ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : mci is characterized by extreme variability and instability.
whether these associations are consistent across ethnicities with a non-european ancestry is unknown.
genome-wide data were obtained using the affymetrix @number@ and illumina humanomni chips.
a false discovery rate correction was applied separately within the results for each ethnicity to correct for multiple testing.
we successfully replicated all @number@ grs-lipoprotein associations in @number@ eas.
among the @number@ significant grs-lipoprotein associations in eas , @number@ were significant in aas , @number@ in has , and @number@ in chns.
further analyses revealed that ethnicity differences could not be explained by differences in linkage disequilibrium , lipid lowering drugs , diabetes , or gender.
development of the motor system lags behind that of the visual system and might delay some visual properties more closely linked to action.
children of 5-7 years of age performed the task at chance , indicating a delayed ability to understand the goal of the action.
we found a progressive improvement in the ability of discrimination from @number@ to @number@ years , which parallels the development of fine motor control.
only after @number@ years of age did we observe an advantage for the egocentric view , as previously reported for adults.
with increased life expectancy , people need more education about healthy aging.
this paper examines older adult perceptions regarding various factors impacting longevity , including genetics , lifestyle , and the environment.
less than half felt that economic status and community had great impact.
chinese participants were more likely to feel that drinking alcohol ( @percent@ ) had great impact ( average @percent@ ) .
aging is associated with alterations in thoracolumbar curvatures and respiratory function.
research information regarding the correlation between thoracolumbar curvatures and a comprehensive examination of respiratory function parameters in older adults is limited.
the aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between thoracolumbar curvatures and respiratory function in community-dwelling older adults.
thoracolumbar curvatures ( thoracic and lumbar ) were measured using a motion tracker.
herein , we assessed the prevalence and association of dysphagia with potential risk factors in 50- to 79-year-old adults dwelling in a community in japan.
patients and methods : in this study , there were @number@ participants ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) .
results : dysphagia was observed in @number@ males ( @percent@ ) and @number@ females ( @percent@ ) .
to explore the effect of the potential risk factors on the prevalence of dysphagia , a model was built by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
objective : to determine the effects of a simple exercise program on the balance and strength of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
methods : this program was based on low intensity strength and balance exercises , and was carried out with simple , readily available equipment.
participants in the eg underwent balance and strength training for @number@ min , three times / week for @number@ months.
participants from the cg were asked not to modify their usual habits during the course of the study.
static balance was evaluated using the blind monopodal stance static balance test.
all these variables were assessed at baseline and upon program completion.
alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease are two common neurodegenerative diseases of the elderly people that have devastating effects in terms of morbidity and mortality.
the predominant form of the disease in either case is sporadic with uncertain etiology.
the clinical features of parkinson's disease are primarily motor deficits , while the patients of alzheimer's disease present with dementia and cognitive impairment.
the expression levels of these two proteins and their aggregation processes are modulated by reactive oxygen radicals and transition metal ions in a similar manner.
in turn , these proteins - as oligomers or in aggregated forms - cause mitochondrial impairment by apparently following similar mechanisms.
we investigated how α-synuclein accumulation affects synaptic plasticity in the mouse somatosensory cortex using two distinct approaches.
long-term background : previous studies have linked both extreme and sub-optimal air temperature to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality , especially in older individuals.
however , the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined.
hourly temperature data were obtained from the boston logan airport weather station ( located approximately 12km from the clinical site ) .
we calculated 2- , 7- , and 14-day moving averages of 24-hour mean and 24-hour variability of temperature.
results were similar when we further adjusted for temperature variability.
we also observed significant associations between increases in temperature variability and mtdna lesions independent of mean air temperature.
individuals born small for gestational age ( sga ) are at a higher risk of developing the metabolic syndrome later in life.
significant correlation between age and morphology was found.
the aorta expanded homogeneously and stretched heterogeneously with age because of posterior arch elongation.
ti decrease , cr prostatic carcinoma is the second commonest cancer in males and is so common as to become almost holoendemic with advancing age.
the obvious source for the chronic inflammatory stimulus in the prostate is the documented dramatically altered lower female genital microbiota associated with the menopause.
this has implications for testing and diagnosis , treatment , population health and personal hygiene practices.
moreover this insight opens up new opportunities for chemointervention and chemoprevention for this important clinicopathological progression.
since the long term application of oral antibiotics is likely to be of limited efficacy this indicates the need for new antimicrobial solutions.
background : family caregivers of people with dementia have significant unmet needs in regard to their caregiving role.
despite this , they are reluctant to utilize services to reduce their burden.
the aim of this study was to examine the barriers and facilitators of service use among family caregivers of people with dementia.
method : semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ family caregivers of community-dwelling people with dementia.
the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.
results : six main barriers and three facilitators were identified.
these barriers and facilitators were relevant across many types of services and supports.
this will inform the development of targeted strategies to address the lack of service use among these family caregivers.
background : default mode network ( dmn ) is vulnerable to the effects of apoe genotype.
this study aimed to examine the functional connectivity within dmn , and its diagnostic value with age-related morphometric alterations considered.
while there is growing interest in the rights of older persons with dementia , relatively little empirical data exists regarding their actual interactions in courts.
therefore , the goal of this study was to empirically map this legal terrain.
methods : this study used a descriptive quantitative method.
the majority of cases were heard and decided in lower level courts , addressing a broad range of primarily non-criminal legal issues.
conclusions : the legal needs and rights of persons with dementia are much broader than issues of legal capacity or social protection.
deeper knowledge and more research is needed in order to fully understand the contexts in which dementia is constructed under the law.
background : global but predictable changes impact the dna methylome as we age , acting as a type of molecular clock.
mice are particularly appealing organisms for studies of mammalian aging ; however , epigenetic clocks have thus far been formulated only in humans.
results : we first examined whether mice and humans experience similar patterns of change in the methylome with age.
based on this analysis , we formulated an epigenetic-aging model in mice using the liver methylomes of @number@ mice from @number@ to @number@ months old.
regarding climacteric symptoms , an improvement in the kupperman index total score ( p = @number@ ) was observed.
conclusion : our results demonstrate that adding phytoestrogens to exercise training does not provide the additive effect for hrqol in postmenopausal and overweight women.
moreover , exercise and phytoestrogen may interfere in the improvement of climacteric symptoms in the long term.
purpose : limited empirical attention to date has focused on best practices in advanced research mentoring in the health services research domain.
regression analyses were used to examine institutional incentives as predictors of perceptions of benefits and costs of mentoring and time spent mentoring.
results : of the @number@ mentors invited , @number@ ( @percent@ ) responded and @number@ ( @percent@ ) provided complete data for the study items.
mentors who reported more institutional incentives also reported spending a greater percentage of time mentoring ( p = @number@ ) .
autophagy , a central pathway for cellular homeostasis , plays diverse roles in development , cancer , aging , and neurodegeneration.
in a new report in nature , ho et al.
intervertebral disk ( ivd ) degeneration is a natural progression of the aging process.
degenerative disk disease ( ddd ) is a pathologic condition associated with ivd that has been associated with chronic back pain.
there are a variety of different mechanisms of ddd ( genetic , mechanical , exposure ) .
each of these pathways leads to a final common result of unbalancing the anabolic and catabolic environment of the extracellular matrix in favor of catabolism.
attempts have been made to gain an understanding of the process of ivd degeneration with in vitro studies.
many modalities for treatment of ddd have been developed including therapeutic protein injections , stem cell injections , gene therapy , and tissue engineering.
these interventions have had promising outcomes in animal models.
several of these modalities have been attempted in human trials , with early outcomes having promising results.
further , increasing our understanding of the degenerative process is essential to the development of new therapeutic interventions and the optimization of existing treatment protocols.
despite limited data , biological therapies are a promising treatment modality for ddd that could impact our future management of low back pain.
background : clinicopathological studies are important in determining the brain lesions underlying dementia.
although almost @percent@ of individuals with dementia live in developing countries , few clinicopathological studies focus on these individuals.
associations between neuropathological lesions and cognitive impairment were investigated using ordinal logistic regression.
we developed a neuropathological comorbidity ( npc ) score and compared it to cdr , iqcode , and npi scores.
we also described and compared the frequency of neuropathological diagnosis to clinical diagnosis of dementia subtype.
forty-four percent of the sample met criteria for neuropathological diagnosis.
among these participants , @percent@ had neuropathological diagnoses of alzheimer disease ( ad ) , and @percent@ of vascular dementia ( vad ) .
compared to neuropathological diagnoses , clinical diagnosis had high sensitivity to ad and high specificity to dementia with lewy body / parkinson dementia.
the major limitation of our study is the lack of clinical follow-up of participants during life.
conclusions : nft deposition , vascular lesions , and high npc scorewere associated with cognitive impairment in a unique brazilian sample with low education.
our results confirm the high prevalence of neuropathological diagnosis in older adults and the mismatch between clinical and neuropathological diagnoses.
in this month's editorial , guest editors carol brayne and bruce miller discuss research and commentary published in march and future directions for dementia research.
subcutaneous adipose tissue in the areas corresponding to surface emg electrode placements was measured via ultrasonography.
antagonist coactivation may play a protective role in stabilizing the knee joint and maintaining constant motor output.
seven cases , in which the primates were administered am citrate by intravenous injection , were evaluated using the icrp @number@ systemic model.
however , the ratios were less than @number@ in the skeleton for animals that were sacrificed @number@ and @number@ d post injection.
the posterior probability distributions for model parameters derived using welmos method were inconsistent with the icrp @number@ default parameters.
thus far , the presence of deep forehead compartments has not been confirmed.
results : three superficial ( one central and two lateral ) and three deep ( one central and two lateral ) forehead compartments were identified.
conclusions : the results presented in this study increase the understanding of the forehead anatomy.
understanding the presence of the superficial and the deep forehead compartments allows one to change the signs of frontal aging.
the deep forehead compartments are in general avascular planes and permit blunt dissection for access to the supraorbital region.
background : age-related changes in fat compartments have yet to be fully characterized.
uncertainty remains in terms of volume gains / losses or shape fluctuations over time.
the authors ' aim was to determine the evolution of subcutaneous fat in the aging upper face , focusing on shifts in volume and dimension.
methods : over the course of @number@ years , @number@ faces of living female caucasian patients were prospectively studied using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
superficial temporal and central forehead compartments were delimited , analyzing respective volumes and dimensions by group.
overall height and magnitude of the lower one-third also increased with aging.
conclusion : subcutaneous facial fat fluctuates with aging , increasing in the upper face and promoting ptosis through basal compartmental expansion.
oxidative stress , capable of eliciting damage to various biomolecules including dna , is a recognized component of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is associated with the development of type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) , as well as other unfavorable outcomes.
of these parameters were different neither between mets and younger t2dm , nor between two sub-groups of subjects with t2dm.
values of crp , hdl-cholesterol , triglycerides , ggt , leukocytes and neutrophils were not different between all examined groups of subjects.
higher 8-ohdg in older subjects with t2dm suggests that both aging process and diabetes could contribute to the development of dna damage.
oxidative dna damage cannot serve as an universal early marker of t2dm.
it has been observed that subjective age ( sa ) often trails chronological age , especially in older adults.
this article empirically tests this proposition using a newly created subjective aging index ( sai ) .
the sai is related to sa above the effect of age with differences existing across age groups and sex.
objective : meningiomas are among the most common intracranial tumors , accounting for @percent@ of all tumors of the central nervous system.
in this study , we carried out a genome-wide array screen comparing mirna-21 , mirna-107 , mirna-137 and mirna-29b expression in meningiomas.
patients and methods : a total of @number@ meningioma patients ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged between @number@ and @number@ years were included.
the study was conducted at istanbul research and training hospital neurosurgery clinic.
this study describes the mental health experiences of older adults living with hiv in ottawa.
eleven participants aged @number@ to @number@ completed in-depth personal interviews.
mental health concerns pervaded the lives of these older adults.
we identified three central themes common to the participants ' stories : uncertainty , stigma , and resilience.
for some of these participants , uncertainty impacting mental health centred on unexpected survival ; interpretation of one's symptoms ; and medical uncertainty.
participants reported using several coping strategies , which we frame as individual approaches to resilience.
these findings inform understandings of services for people aging with hiv who may experience mental health concerns.
there is a paucity of research exploring how spouses to older adults with multiple chronic conditions make meaning of their caregiving experience.
for this study , we asked : what is the experience of spousal caregivers to persons with multiple chronic conditions ?
unique findings relate to the challenges inherent in decision-making within the context of multiple chronic conditions.
this article begins to address the gap in the literature regarding the caregiving experience within the context of multiple chronic conditions.
however , st had no effect on memory and attention performance.
discussion : our results showed that st can cause older people to perform at pathological levels on executive tasks.
results highlight the need for clinicians to be cautious when conducting neuropsychological assessments of older people who express high levels of dementia worry.
methods : bmi was assessed at ages @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years in @number@ male veterans from the vietnam era twin study of aging.
age @number@ ( range 56-66 ) cardiometabolic outcomes included hypertension , diabetes , dyslipidemia , inflammation , and ischemic heart disease.
analyses included latent growth modeling ( lgm ) , latent class growth modeling ( lcgm ) , and logistic regression models.
results : linear bmi slope was associated with all outcomes.
initial bmi did not predict later outcomes.
linear slope contributed significant unique variance for diabetes and dyslipidemia even controlling for age @number@ bmi.
lcgm revealed three trajectories.
men with the relatively stable , lower bmi trajectory had significantly better outcomes than those with trajectories with accelerated increases , especially those including obesity.
conclusions : how individuals reach late-midlife bmi is important.
rna molecules are often altered post-transcriptionally by the covalent modification of their nucleotides.
these modifications are known to modulate the structure , function , and activity of rnas.
hamr can identify these modifications transcriptome-wide with single nucleotide resolution , and also differentiate between different types of modifications to predict modification identity.
thus , pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by @number@
this review summarizes recent developments of oncological therapy in the palliative setting of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
finally , challenges to the implementation of an individualized therapy approach in the context of precision medicine are discussed.
objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the rate of complications and recovery related to a hip fracture in patients with pd.
there were no significant differences in length of stay , delirium , or number of infections between the groups.
two thirds of patients with pd were not able to walk unassisted at discharge.
less than @percent@ of anti-pd medication was given within ±1 h of the scheduled time.
patients with pd / dlb are at high risk of developing complications during hospital admission for hip fracture.
our colleagues have reported previously that human pancreatic progenitor cells can readily differentiate into insulin-containing cells.
particularly , transplantation of these cell clusters upon in vitro induction for 3-4 w partially restores hyperglycemia in diabetic nude mice.
in this study , we used human fetal pancreatic progenitor cells to identify the forkhead protein foxo1 as the key regulator for cell differentiation.
bone and the skeletal muscle are fat- free tissues which appeared to be independently associated with nafld in several cross-sectional studies.
the deterioration of bone mineral density and lean body mass , leading to osteoporosis and sarcopenia , respectively , are age-related processes.
the prevalence of nafld also increases with age.
these findings have been interpreted as part of a glutamate-mediated compensatory effect in response to vascular lesions.
the presence and location of resident pancreatic β-cell progenitors is controversial.
most of these effects can be mediated by classical mr and its crosstalk with different signaling cascades.
therefore , understanding nongenomic aldosterone / mr effects is of potential relevance for modulating genomic aldosterone effects and may provide additional targets for intervention.
to avoid undergoing carcinogenesis in response to oxidative stress , cells trigger a succession of checkpoint responses , including premature senescence and apoptosis.
in both systems the metabotropic pathway augments the ionotropic receptor response.
we studied the association of cmb with risk of incident dementia in community dwelling individuals.
using cox proportional hazards models , we related cmb presence to incident dementia.
cmbs were observed in @percent@ and incident dementia in @number@ participants ( @percent@ over study period ) .
purely lobar cmbs were not associated with incident dementia.
the parietal lobe is important for successful recognition memory , but its role is not yet fully understood.
additionally , we performed voxel-based morphometry analyses to investigate the functional-neuroanatomic relationships between performance and voxel-based estimates of atrophy in whole-brain analyses.
behaviorally , all participants performed better identifying targets than rejecting distractors.
additionally , medial temporal lobe integrity correlated with better performance in rejecting distractors , but not in identifying targets , in the immediate paired-associate task.
patient portals are intended to bridge patients and providers by ensuring patients have continuous access to their health information and services.
we outline an interdisciplinary approach to designing and evaluating portal-based messages that convey clinical test results so as to support patient-centered care.
we first describe a theory-based framework for designing effective messages for patients.
we also report the results of two pilot studies conducted as part of developing the message formats.
the classical estrogen receptors ( erα and erβ ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that confer estrogen sensitivity upon many genes.
in this article , the authors present personal perspectives on how they became involved in the discovery and / or advancement of gper research.
ethnopharmacological relevance : achyranthes l.
( amaranthaceae ) , also known as chaff flower and niuxi / , mainly includes two famous medicinal species namely a. bidentata and a. aspera.
information was also obtained from international plant names index , chinese pharmacopoeia , chinese herbal classic books , phd and msc dissertations , etc.
phytochemical investigations revealed that the major bioactive substances of achyranthes plants are polysaccharides , polypeptides , triterpenoid saponins , and ketosteroids.
toxicity studies indicated that a. bidentata and a. aspera seem non-toxic at the common therapeutic doses.
conclusions : a. bidentata and a. aspera are very promising to be fully utilized in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.
in addition , other widespread achyranthes species like a. japonica and a. rubrofusca ought to be studied.
likewise , systematic comparative studies of the chemical constituents of medicinal achyranthes plants resources with the same local name are also needed.
comparison with existing methods : this new device minimizes puff variations that exist with earlier smoke delivery apparatuses which could introduce confounding factors.
conclusions : the sdd is effective in delivering iron-induced human ldl oxidation , which is relevant to atherosclerosis , has not yet been properly investigated.
chemical modification of ldl carboxyl groups , which could bind iron especially at ph @number@ decreases significantly iron binding to ldl and iron-induced ldl oxidation.
no study has analysed how protein intake from early childhood to young adulthood relate to adult bmi in a single cohort.
lean mass and fat mass were secondary outcomes.
regression models included socioeconomic , dietary and anthropometric confounders from early life and adulthood.
background : among older persons , disability is often precipitated by intervening illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalization.
we aimed to determine whether the benefit of the physical activity program in promoting independent mobility was diminished in the setting of intervening hospitalizations.
methods : we analyzed data from a single-blinded , parallel group randomized trial ( clinicaltrials.gov : nct01072500 ) .
intervening hospitalizations and mmd , defined as the inability to walk @number@ m , were assessed every @number@ months for up to @number@ years.
the benefit of the physical activity intervention did not differ significantly based on hospital exposure.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct01072500 .
background : autophagy is a conserved molecular pathway involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components.
it is active either as response to starvation or molecular damage.
evidence is emerging that autophagy plays a key role in the degradation of damaged cellular components and thereby affects aging and lifespan control.
in earlier studies , it was found that autophagy in the aging model podospora anserina acts as a longevity assurance mechanism.
however , only little is known about the individual components controlling autophagy in this aging model.
results : we constructed the ppi network of autophagy in p. anserina based on the corresponding networks of yeast and human.
we integrated paatg8 interaction partners identified in an own yeast two-hybrid analysis using atg8 of p. anserina as bait.
additionally , we included age-dependent transcriptome data.
the resulting network consists of @number@ proteins involved in @number@ interactions.
we applied bioinformatics approaches to analyze the network topology and to prove that the network is not random , but exhibits biologically meaningful properties.
we confirmed that autophagy-associated genes are significantly often up-regulated and co-expressed during aging of p. anserina.
it is based on computational prediction as well as experimental data.
we identified sub-pathways , important hub proteins , and evolutionary conserved interactions.
besides , the activation of htert is also being documented several cancer types including carcinoma.
the awakening of telomerase during carcinoma initiation and development is being seen with different perspectives including genetic and epigenetic tools and events.
it is true that swaying of telomerase in carcinoma could be facilitated with dedicated set of epigenetic modulators and modifiers players.
these epigenetic alterations are heritable , potentially reversible , and seen as the epigenetic signature of carcinoma.
several papers converge to suggest that dna methylation , histone modification , and small non-coding rnas are the widely appreciated epigenetic changes towards htert modulation.
in this review , we summarize the contribution of epigenetic factors in the telomerase activation and discuss potential avenues to achieve therapeutic intervention in carcinoma.
resveratrol is a naturally occurring phenol that is generated by plant species following injury or attack by bacterial and fungal pathogens.
this compound was first described as the french paradox in @number@
later in @number@ resveratrol was reported to activate sirtuins in yeast cells.
expectations for application in human patients , however , suffer from a lack of sufficient clinical evidence in support of these beneficial effects.
none : it has been proposed that protein supplementation during resistance exercise training enhances muscle hypertrophy.
the degree of hypertrophy during training is controlled in part through the activation of satellite cells and myonuclear accretion.
lean mass , vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional area , satellite cell content , and myonuclear addition were assessed before and after resistance training.
all treatments demonstrated similar leg muscle hypertrophy and vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional area ( p < @number@ ) .
however , protein supplementation did not enhance resistance exercise-induced increases in myofiber hypertrophy , satellite cell content , or myonuclear addition in young healthy men.
dihydronicotinamide riboside : quinone oxidoreductase ( nqo2 ) is an enzyme that performs reduction reactions involved in antioxidant defense.
we hypothesized that nqo2 hepatic drug clearance would develop in children over time , similar to nqo1.
no significant correlations were observed.
because hepatic clearance through nqo2 does not mature until teenage years , compounds detoxified by this enzyme may be more deleterious in children.
importance : the effect of childhood epilepsy on later-life cognitive and brain health is an unclear and little-explored issue.
the pib uptake was quantified as a region to cerebellar cortex ratio.
tracer uptake was evaluated visually and analyzed voxel by voxel over the entire brain to investigate the spatial distribution of amyloid deposition.
the study was conducted from @date@ to @date@ ; data analysis was performed from @date@ to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : brain amyloid accumulation.
conclusions and relevance : adults with childhood-onset epilepsy , particularly apoe ε4 carriers , have an increased brain amyloid load at late middle age.
design : semi-structured , qualitative interviews.
settings : a teaching hospital in kuala lumpur , malaysia.
participants : a total of @number@ healthcare professionals aged 23-43 years , @percent@ women.
design : nationwide cross-sectional postal survey.
setting : nursing homes.
participants : @number@ nhs across germany.
frequencies were used to describe nutritional care , and chi2-test to identify differences in nutritional care by nh size.
best results were achieved in the domain of nursing care , where all aspects were implemented in at least @number@ % of the nhs.
differences by nh size were found between small and medium or large nhs.
objective : to describe glycemic control in nursing home residents with diabetes and to evaluate the relevance of hba1c in the detection of hypoglycemia risk.
hypoglycemia episodes were identified by medical or biological records.
results : glucose control was tight in @number@ % and fair in @number@ % of the residents.
chronic exposure to hyperglycemia was observed in @number@ % of the residents ( severe in @number@ % and moderate in @number@ % ) .
hypoglycemia was noticed in 42 / 236 ( @percent@ ) , in all categories of glycemic control.
relative hypoglycemia risk was significantly ( p = @number@ ) higher in residents with moderate chronic hyperglycemia compared with those with tight control.
the majority of residents with hypoglycemia ( 39 / 42 ) or chronic hyperglycemia ( 45 / 51 ) were insulin-treated.
the relative risk of hypoglycemia was not significantly associated with hba1c values.
conclusion : hypoglycemia risk in nursing home residents is observed in all categories of glycemic control.
in tight control , the potency of antidiabetic treatment should be reduced.
in chronic hyperglycemia , diet and treatment should be reevaluated in order to reduce glucose variability.
hba1c is not sufficient for hypoglycemia risk detection ; capillary blood glucose monitoring is warranted for nursing homes residents with diabetes.
methods : we retrospectively studied @number@ inpatients with cvd ( age 72±12 years ) .
the actual daily total calorie and nutrient intake was also calculated.
smi was significantly associated with protein intake and statin treatment.
the ratio of peak vo2 and smi was significantly higher in the statin treatment group.
handgrip strength , gait speed , leg weight bearing index , and nutritional intake improved after exercise training in patients both with and without sarcopenia.
conclusions : the present findings suggest that ccr is a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with cvd.
design : single blind , randomised , multicentre , parallel group comparative study.
setting : community-dwelling patients and nursing homes residents aged @number@ years and older with a history of chronic constipation.
treatment intervention : peg @number@ ( 10-30 g / day ) or lactulose ( 10-30 g / day ) for six months.
a patient diary documented digestive symptoms and adverse events were recorded.
information on efficacy ( stool frequency and consistency ) was collected as a secondary outcome measure.
no changes in stool fat or total or soluble stool nitrogen were observed in the minority of patients for whom stool analysis was performed.
this tolerance was associated with a better clinical efficacy of peg @number@ compared to lactulose.
design : randomized single-blind controlled study.
setting : one nh.
participants : all residents.
no significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics , risk for osteoporosis , and past history of vitd supplementation was measured.
at baseline , @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ were respectively sub-optimal , insufficient , and deficient for vitd.
not any biological adverse effects was measured.
the often required dosage of 25 ( oh ) vitd is reasonably not necessary to initiate vitd supplementation protocol in this vulnerable population.
design : a pragmatic , randomized , partially single-blind placebo-controlled study.
setting : patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital for acute hip fracture.
participants : @number@ healthy adult patients undergoing surgery for osteoporotic hip fracture were recruited from @date@ to @date@ .
patients who received calcifediol were also given an exercise programme.
the placebo group received standard health recommendations only.
measurements : the primary endpoint was survival at @number@ year and at @number@ year follow-up.
we also recorded new fractures , medical complications and anti-osteoporotic treatment compliance.
results : we included a total of @number@ patients , aged @number@ to @number@ years.
mean age was @number@ years and @percent@ were women.
at @number@ months , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients had died , @number@ of them , from the non-intervention group.
at 12-month follow up , there were @number@ new fractures , @number@ in each group.
no significant differences between groups were found regarding treatment compliance.
design : nutrizione in epatologia ( nutriepa ) is a population-based double-blind rct.
data were collected in @number@ and analyzed in 2013-14.
intervention : the intervention strategy was the assignment of a lgimd or a control diet.
outcome measures : the main outcome measure was nafld score , defined by lus.
results : after randomization , @number@ subjects were assigned to a lgimd and @number@ to a control diet.
the study lasted six months and all participants were subject to monthly controls / checks.
adherence to the lgimd as measured by mediterranean adequacy index ( mai ) showed a median of @number@
conclusions : lgimd was found to decrease the nafld score in a relatively short time.
dietary intervention of this kind , could also form the cornerstone of primary prevention of type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) and cardiovascular disease.
we also found that there was a potential gene-gene interaction between rs405509 and rs1805192.
objective : the use of drugs with intrinsic anticholinergic properties is widespread among old age persons.
a growing body of evidences suggest that a high anticholinergic burden is associated with physical and cognitive impairment.
however , the association between anticholinergic drug use and functional status is still poorly investigated , particularly among subjects with initial cognitive impairment.
participants : @number@ outpatients , older than @number@ years , admitted to memory clinics.
the drug-related anticholinergic burden was estimated by the anticholinergic risk scale ( ars ) .
results : the @number@ % ( n = 375 ) of total population used at least one drug with anticholinergic properties.
conclusions : the use of medications with anticholinergic properties is common among older persons cognitively health as well as with cognitive impairment.
our results suggest that the use of anticholinergic drugs is associated with functional impairment , especially in old age subjects with initial cognitive impairment.
minimizing anticholinergic burden should result in maintaining daily functioning , especially in a vulnerable population , such as mci and mild ad.
objective : to investigate the associations of overweight and obesity with longitudinal decline in physical functioning ( pf ) among middle-aged and older russians.
design : prospective cohort study.
participants : @number@ men and women aged 45-69 years randomly selected from the population of two districts of novosibirsk , russia.
adjustment for physical activity and other covariates did not materially change the results.
conclusions : pf decreased more rapidly in obese men and women than among those with normal weight.
background / objectives : elderly with functional disabilities are at increased risk of inadequate dietary intake.
little is known about the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving their dietary intake and nutritional status , nor about the determinants of successful implementation.
we performed a feasibility study to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a home delivery service providing nutritious meals.
design : quasi-experimental , with participants allocated to treatment group based on municipality of residence.
setting and participants : functionally disabled home-dwelling elderly receiving home care.
intervention : three-month daily meal service consisting of dinner and snacks ( intervention ) .
the control group sustained habitual food intake.
measurements : data on satisfaction and problems regarding the meal service were collected by structured interviews.
results : forty-four elderly were included ( intervention group : @number@ control group : @number@ ) .
three months post-intervention , only the increase in ffm remained statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) .
except for calcium intake , no positive intervention effect was observed for any of the other outcomes.
this paper is aim to examine the joint association of obesity and hypertension with risk of disability.
obesity was measured using the body mass index ( bmi ) in world health organization ( who ) asia criteria.
hypertension , based on the doctor's diagnosis , was obtained through face-to-face interview.
results : a total of @percent@ of participants reported adl disability , and @time@ % for iadl disability.
for iadl disability , only underweight persons with hypertension were significantly associated ( or = 1.65 , @percent@ ci = 1. @date@ ) .
conclusions : low or extremely high bmi , independent of its metabolic consequences , is a risk factor for disability among the elderly.
simple hypertension wasn't significantly associated with disability.
in addition , having hypertension significantly increased the risk of adl disability in obese individuals and iadl disability in underweight individuals.
objective : we aimed to examine the general health and intestinal physiology of young and old non-human primates with comparable life histories and dietary environments.
design : vervet monkeys ( chlorcebus aethiops sabaeus ) in stable and comparable social and nutritional environments were selected for evaluation.
health phenotype , circulating cytokines and biomarkers of microbial translocation ( mt ) were measured ( n = 26-44 ) .
subsets of monkeys additionally had their intestinal motility , intestinal permeability , and fecal microbiomes characterized.
results : we found that old monkeys have greater systemic inflammation and poor intestinal barrier function as compared to young monkeys.
old monkeys have dramatically reduced intestinal motility , and all changes in motility and mt are present without large differences in fecal microbiomes.
intestinal changes were seen independent of dietary influences and aging within a consistent environment appears to avoid major microbiome shifts.
our data suggests interventions to promote intestinal motility and mucosal barrier function have the potential to support better health with aging.
methods : pubmed was searched for articles published in @number@ and only rcts were included.
articles were further excluded if not conducted with humans or only secondary analyses were reported.
a random sample of @percent@ was drawn.
the current review analyzed this random sample and further selected trials when the reported mean age was ≥ @number@ years.
we extracted geriatric assessments from the population descriptives or the in- and exclusion criteria.
results : in total @number@ trials were analyzed and @number@ trials included.
physical and mental functioning was reported most frequently ( @percent@ and @percent@ ) .
therefore , it is unclear for clinicians to which older patients the results can be applied.
we recommend systematic to transparently report these relevant characteristics of older participants included in rcts.
epigenetics is the study of biochemical modifications carrying information independent of dna sequence , which are heritable through cell division.
moreover , we consider the jensen-shannon distance between sample-specific energy landscapes as a measure of epigenetic dissimilarity and demonstrate its effectiveness for discerning epigenetic differences.
senescence , defined as irreversible cell-cycle arrest , is the main driving force of aging and age-related diseases.
laboratory mice have longer telomeres relative to humans , potentially protecting against age-related disease caused by haploinsufficiency.
these dysregulated genes were enriched for telomere-contacting promoters , suggesting a potential mechanism for telomere-dependent regulation of homeostatic gene expression.
we then tested the interactive effect of grs , diet and sex on sua.
longitudinal data on @number@ african-american urban adults participating in the healthy aging in neighborhood of diversity across the lifespan study were used.
suabase was higher among men compared with that among women , and increased with grstotal tertiles.
grsrate was linearly related to suarate only among men.
legume consumption was also positively associated with suarate within the grstotal's lowest tertile.
among women , a synergistic interaction was observed between grsrate and red meat intake in association with suarate.
among men , a synergistic interaction between low vitamin c and genetic risk was found.
in sum , sex-diet , sex-gene and gene-diet interactions were detected in determining sua.
further similar studies are needed to replicate our findings.
complex structural and functional changes occur in the arterial system with advancing age.
the increased permeability observed in intimal thickening could represent the substrate on which low-level atherosclerotic stimuli can promote the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
in elderly patients the atherosclerotic plaques tend to be larger with increased vascular stenosis.
in these plaques there is a progressive accumulation of both lipids and collagen and a decrease of inflammation.
similarly the plaques from elderly patients show more calcification as compared with those from younger patients.
the coronary artery calcium score is a well-established marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be the two primary pathological mechanisms of ageing-related endothelial dysfunction even in the absence of clinical disease.
arterial ageing is no longer considered an inexorable process.
in response to dna damage , a cell can be forced to permanently exit the cell cycle and become senescent.
senescence provides an early barrier against tumor development by preventing proliferation of cells with damaged dna.
by studying single cells , we show that cdk activity persists after dna damage until terminal cell cycle exit.
a period of right lateralisation was identified in response to long lines in young adults , which was not present for short lines.
no lateralised clusters were present for either long or short lines in older adults.
additionally , a reduced p300 component amplitude was observed for older adults relative to young.
we therefore report here , for the first time , an age-related and stimulus-driven reduction of right hemispheric control of spatial attention in older adults.
future studies will need to determine whether this is representative of the normal aging process or an early indicator of neurodegeneration.
they then need specialized transfusion of blood components / products , or purified blood extracted products or recombinant proteins.
these remedial therapies can cause tolerance when used very early in life and , sometimes needed , repeatedly.
the introduction of recombinant proteins has allowed manufacturers to produce large amounts of the proteins usually present at very low concentration in blood.
this has also changed the risk pattern of plasma-extracted products , especially in terms of continual reduction of viral transmission.
other associated side effects are the presence of undesired activities in blood products , which can produce thrombotic events or adverse reactions.
the progressive introduction of blood derived products has greatly improved the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients.
the pharmaceutical industry introduces these new methods for validating manufacturing processes , or for quality control assessments.
degeneration of ivd is a progressive and irreversible process and can be evaluated with immunohistochemical examination or radiological grading.
mmps are a family of proteolytic enzymes and involved in the degradation of the matrix components of the ivd.
the study involved @number@ participants.
intervertebral disc degeneration was graded on a 0-5 scale according to the pfirrmann classification.
as a result of the study , the median age was @number@.09±12.74years.
there were statistical significances between age and mmp-1 , and mmp-2.
there was a close correlation between grade and mmp-9.
we found correlation between the vas and the mmp-9 expression.
in addition , there was relationship between expression of mmp-2 and mmp-1 , mmp-3 , mmp-9.
in conclusion , the expressions of mmp-1 and @number@ are increased with aging.
there was no relationship between radiological evaluation of ivdd and aging.
increased expression of mmps affected ivdd positively.
the relationship with mmps is not explained.
this study adds to our understanding of the interaction between mmps and ivdd.
oxidative stress is a hallmark of chronic non-communicable diseases such as arterial hypertension , coronary artery disease , diabetes , and chronic renal disease.
activation of the g protein-coupled estrogen receptor ( gper ) can mediate multiple salutary effects on the cardiovascular system.
furthermore , the small molecule gper blocker ( grb ) g36 reduces blood pressure and vascular ros production by selectively down-regulating nox1 expression.
these unexpected findings revealed grbs as first in class nox downregulators capable to selectively reduce the increased expression and activity of nox1 in disease conditions.
microsatellite expansion disorders are pathologically characterized by rna foci formation and repeat-associated non-aug ( ran ) translation.
however , their underlying pathomechanisms and regulation of ran translation remain unknown.
cortisol was analyzed using enzyme immunoassay kits.
physical performance was measured by the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
mixed linear models were fit to assess the associations between cortisol diurnal output and physical performance , adjusting for potential confounders.
these results were not altered after adjustment by potential confounders.
conclusion : cortisol profiles varied across four diverse populations of older adults.
associative memory develops into adulthood and critically depends on the hippocampus.
although each of these aspects has been considered independently , here we evaluate their relative contributions as correlates of age-related improvement in memory.
thus , typical development of associative memory was largely explained by age-related differences in ca3-dentate gyrus.
using a tether-release method to perturb balance and simulate a forward fall , center of mass and stepping characteristics were analyzed.
beyond its function in hemostasis , platelets activation has an important role in cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) development.
there are different clinical conditions that can mediate abnormal platelet activation and favors pathological thrombosis and cvd.
these include hypertension , diabetes and dyslipidemia , all risks factors from cvd development.
different drugs employed in the handled of these conditions have showed decreases platelet activation and related markers.
this effect is in part by improved the base condition ; however someone of these drugs can modulate platelet targets.
we discuss about underlying mechanisms and the possible implications in the treatment of cvd.
with the aging population , the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is expected to rise.
once symptomatic the morbidity from csdh is not insignificant.
seven of @number@ patients had ct scans prior to developing csdh.
all had evidence of small increases in csf intensity on the side or sides of the subsequent csdh.
recognizing this finding may be helpful in monitoring these patients or initiating medical therapy.
this review summarizes the over @number@ publications using adni data during @number@ and @number@
methods : we used standard searches to find publications using adni data.
few studies , however , have investigated age relationships with wm structure and cognition to understand possible changes in brain health over the lifespan.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : university of california san diego and the veterans administration san diego healthcare system.
participants : @number@ euthymic bd and @number@ hc participants.
ps was assessed with the number and letter sequencing conditions of the delis-kaplan executive function system trail making test.
results : bd participants demonstrated slower ps compared with the hc group , but no group differences were found in fa across tracts.
the relationship between age and ps did not significantly change after accounting for uncinate fa , suggesting that the observed age associations occur independently.
the @number@ c to t transition in the mthfr gene is a genetic determinant for hyperhomocysteinemia.
gm structural covariance networks were constructed by 3d t1-magnetic resonance imaging and seed-based analysis.
the patients were divided into two genotype groups : c homozygotes ( n = @number@ ) and t carriers ( n = @number@ ) .
using diffusion tensor imaging and white-matter parcellation , @number@ fiber bundle integrities were compared between the two genotype groups.
cognitive test scores were the major outcome factors.
both posterior cingulate cortex seed and interconnected peak cluster volumes predicted cognitive test scores , especially in the t carriers.
there were no between-group differences in fiber tract diffusion parameters.
the mthfr 677t polymorphism modulates posterior cingulate cortex-anchored structural covariance strength independently of white matter integrities.
hum brain mapp 38 : 3039-3051 , @number@ © @number@ the authors human brain mapping published wiley by periodicals , inc.
ire1 is an er-located kinase and endoribonuclease that operates as a major stress transducer , mediating both adaptive and proapoptotic programs under er stress.
ire1 signaling controls the expression of the transcription factor xbp1 , in addition to degrade several rnas.
importantly , a polymorphism in the xbp1 promoter was suggested as a risk factor to develop ad.
here , we demonstrate a positive correlation between the progression of ad histopathology and the activation of ire1 in human brain tissue.
to define the significance of the upr to ad , we targeted ire1 expression in a transgenic mouse model of ad.
at the molecular level , ire1 deletion reduced the expression of amyloid precursor protein ( app ) in cortical and hippocampal areas of ad mice.
our findings uncovered an unanticipated role of ire1 in the pathogenesis of ad , offering a novel target for disease intervention.
background : elevated b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) levels are associated with heart failure and increased mortality in the general population.
nt-probnp levels were measured at visits @number@ @number@ and @number@
pd is triggered by genetic alterations , environmental / occupational exposures and aging.
however , the exact molecular mechanisms linking these pd risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear.
importantly , both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism.
the evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of pd as a disorder of cell metabolism.
periodic leg movements during sleep ( plms ) are the most important objective finding in restless legs syndrome ( rls ) .
first , a clear description was made on the identification , quantification , and scoring of plms and their associated events.
this was followed by a description of the current knowledge of their neurophysiologic aspects.
the description of the specific aspects of plms in children was also carefully reported , with important clues on their evaluation in this age group.
this study aims to evaluate how knowledgeable healthcare professionals are about fertility and assisted reproduction , and to explore attitudes towards social oocyte freezing.
a cross-sectional study was performed with @number@ professionals ( gynaecologists , physicians and nurses ) from four public centres in spain.
participants completed a survey about fertility , ivf , oocyte donation ( od ) and social oocyte freezing , between @date@ and @date@ .
in conclusion , gynaecologists are more knowledgeable about fertility and assisted reproduction , while more restrictive towards social oocyte freezing.
knowledge and attitudes could influence the quality of information and counselling given to patients.
methods : the united network for organ sharing database was queried to identify ipf patients receiving lung transplant between @number@ and @number@
( ranunculaceae ) have been used as a traditional remedy for treatment of inflammation and cancer.
however , there is no report demonstrating experimental evidence on anti-tumor action of a. rivularis.
the effect of are on cell viabilities of several tumor cells was estimated by mtt assay.
the expression of phosphor-pdh , pdh and pdhk1 were measured by western blot analysis.
mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester ( tmrm ) staining.
results : are inhibited the viabilities of several cancer cells , including mda-mb321 , k562 , ht29 , hep3b , dld-1 , and llc.
the expression of pdhk1 , a major isoform of pdhks in cancer , was not affected by are treatment.
moreover , are increased the both ros production and mitochondrial damage.
in addition , are suppressed the in vitro tumor growth through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
the growth rates of allograft llc cells were also reduced by are treatment.
conclusions : here , we firstly report that are inhibits pdhk activity and growth of tumor in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
therefore , we suggest are as a potential candidate for developing anti-cancer drugs.
the human brain presents multiple asymmetries that dynamically change throughout life.
these phenomena have been associated with cognitive impairments and psychiatric disorders although possible associations with specific patterns of cognitive aging are yet to be determined.
the sample was characterized in a battery of neuropsychological tests and in terms of brain structural asymmetries using a roi-based approach.
a substantial number of brain areas presented some degree of asymmetry.
such biases survived a stringent statistical correction and were largely confirmed in a voxel-based analysis.
curiously in the latter , the association was independent of its left / right direction.
older adult health is often defined in clinical terms.
research has demonstrated that many older adults self-report aging successfully regardless of clinical health status.
in total , @number@ participants from two cities were interviewed.
interviews were audio- and video-recorded and then transcribed.
these results indicate the importance of individual perceptions of health rather than just counts of chronic diseases.
health management programs should provide holistic approaches to maximize health outcomes and to promote successful aging.
( gss ) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease due to mutations within prion protein ( prnp ) gene.
clinically , it is not easy to distinguish gss from spinocerebellar ataxia ( sca ) , especially in the early stage of disease.
we aimed to identify genetic mutations in @number@ chinese pedigrees with dominant ataxia but excluded dynamic mutations of sca genes.
targeted next-generation sequencing was performed in the @number@ probands.
a customized panel was designed to capture @number@ known causative genes , including @number@ autosomal dominant sca genes and @number@ dementia-related genes.
a 2-year follow-up was performed in these patients who harbored mutation.
of the @number@ probands , @number@ were identified to harbor the p.p102l mutation within prnp.
all these @number@ cases had progressive ataxia with age at onset ranging from @number@ to @number@ years ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in them.
cognitive decline was found in @date@ probands.
the average duration from initial symptoms to cognitive decline is @number@ months , ranging from @number@ to @number@ months.
in this study , we presented the detailed clinical features of @number@ gss pedigrees with prnp p.p102l mutation.
the variable phenotypes among these gss patients indicated other genetic or environmental factors might be involved in the phenotypic heterogeneity of gss.
background : to which extent serum cytokines may predict asthma control in adults remains understudied.
objectives : we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cytokine profiles and asthma outcomes.
participants were followed-up seven years later.
asthma symptom control was assessed according to gina @number@ guidelines.
cytokine profiles were identified by principal component ( pc ) analyses , and expressed as above / below the median.
results : the first two pcs captured @percent@ of the variability.
while all seven cytokines scored high on pc1 , only il-1ra and il-10 scored high on pc2.
at egea2 , neither pc1 nor pc2 were related to exacerbations , asthma attacks , asthma symptom control , lung function , or allergic diseases.
background : psychological stress increases the circulating levels of the stress hormones cortisol and norepinephrine ( ne ) .
chronic exposure to elevated stress hormones has been linked to a reduced response to chemotherapy through induction of dna damage.
cortisol induced dna damage and the production of rns was further attenuated in the presence of an inos inhibitor.
an increase in the expression of inos in response to psychological stress was observed in vivo and in cortisol-treated cells.
inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor-associated src kinase also produced a decrease in cortisol-induced rns.
background : total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is the most frequently performed joint replacement surgery in north america.
understanding the patient experience with tka broadly and in relation to patient satisfaction is a key gap in existing literature.
data collection consisted of @number@ in-depth interviews about individuals ' knee surgery experiences conducted eight months after surgery.
analysis consisted of thematic coding by multiple coders.
results : participants ' descriptions of their tka experiences were primarily concerned with support , or the provision of aid and assistance.
support was insufficient when their expectations of support were not met ; unmet support expectations led to an overall negative tka experience.
support operated in three key domains : ( @number@ ) informational support , ( @number@ ) clinical support , and ( @number@ ) personal support.
key sources of informational and clinical support included pre-optimisation clinics , surgeons , and physiotherapists.
key topics for informational support included pain , pain management , and recovery trajectories.
personal support was provided by family , friends , other tka patients , employers , and themselves.
conclusions : patient needs and expectations for support are shaped both before and after tka surgery.
cgas differ across healthcare settings , ranging from shared care conducted in primary care settings to specialized inpatient units in acute care.
models of care involving geriatricians vary across healthcare settings , and it is unclear which cga model is most effective.
electronic databases including medline , embase , cochrane library , and ageline will be searched from inception to @date@ to identify relevant studies.
randomized controlled trials of older adults ( ≥65 years of age ) that examine geriatrician-led cgas compared to any intervention will be included.
primary and secondary outcomes will be selected by kus to ensure the results are relevant to their decision-making.
two reviewers will independently screen the search results , extract data , and assess risk of bias.
data will be synthesized using an nma to allow for multiple comparisons using direct ( head-to-head ) as well as indirect evidence.
interventions will be ranked according to their effectiveness using surface under the cumulative ranking curve ( sucra ) .
results from this systematic review and nma will enhance decision-making and the efficient allocation of scarce geriatric resources.
moreover , active involvement of kus throughout the review process will ensure the results are relevant to different levels of decision-making.
systematic review registration : prospero crd42014014008.
background : with population ageing , research is needed into new low-cost , scalable methods of effective promotion of health and wellbeing for older people.
we aimed to assess feasibility , reach and costs of implementing a new tailored computer-aided health and social risk appraisal system in primary care.
methods : design : feasibility study.
results : response rates to initial postal invitations were low ( 526 / 1550 , @percent@ ) .
of these , 454 / 526 ( @percent@ ) completed mra-o assessments.
implementation costs were low.
widespread implementation of this approach would require work to address potential inequalities.
close collaborations between basic scientists and clinical genomicists are now needed to link genetic variants with disease causation.
interconnectivity and feedback control are hallmarks of biological systems.
this includes communication between organelles , which allows them to function and adapt to changing cellular environments.
these routes are reviewed here in the context of sub-system proteostasis and complex adaptive systems theory.
the accumulation of irreparable cellular damage restricts healthspan after acute stress or natural aging.
senescent cells are thought to impair tissue function , and their genetic clearance can delay features of aging.
identifying how senescent cells avoid apoptosis allows for the prospective design of anti-senescence compounds to address whether homeostasis can also be restored.
here , we identify foxo4 as a pivot in senescent cell viability.
we designed a foxo4 peptide that perturbs the foxo4 interaction with p53.
in senescent cells , this selectively causes p53 nuclear exclusion and cell-intrinsic apoptosis.
under conditions where it was well tolerated in vivo , this foxo4 peptide neutralized doxorubicin-induced chemotoxicity.
we provide a reference map of artag types and propose at least @number@ constellations of artag.
furthermore , we propose a conceptual link between primary ftld-tauopathy and artag-related astrocytic tau pathologies.
our observations serve as a basis for etiological stratification and definition of progression patterns of artag.
it is therefore important to understand the factors associated with sickness absence due to health problems.
background : back problems and urinary incontinence ( ui ) have been found to co-occur more frequently than would be predicted by chance.
objective : the aim of this study was to estimate the associations between ui and back problems in the canadian men and women.
design : this was an observational , cross-sectional study.
methods : the 2011-2012 statistics canada canadian community health survey ( cchs ) provided the data.
the cchs surveyed @number@ adults , providing a representative sample of the canadian population.
odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were used to quantify the strength of the associations among the variables.
among those participants with ui , men and women were at equal risk of experiencing back problems.
limitations : the cchs data are cross-sectional and self-reported , which prevents determining causality and carries a risk of response bias.
conclusions : this study provides firm evidence to support clinically observed associations between ui and back problems.
the strength of the associations was essentially equal in men and women.
these findings reinforce the importance of screening for these frequently coincident conditions.
background : growing evidence supports the existence of neurobiological trait abnormalities in individuals at genetic risk for bipolar disorder.
methods : thirty-six patients with bipolar disorder type @date@ siblings , and @number@ healthy controls were assessed.
telomere length ( t / s ratio ) was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased in patients compared with controls ( p = @number@ ) and siblings ( p = @number@ ) .
no differences were found for the other markers.
conclusions : the present results suggest that unaffected siblings may present accelerated aging features.
these neurobiological findings may be considered as endophenotypic traits.
further prospective studies are warranted.
previous studies have found that ligamentum flavum thickness ( lft ) is correlated with aging , disc degeneration , and lumbar spinal stenosis.
however , hypertrophy is different from thickness.
objectives : we hypothesized that the lfa is a key morphologic parameter in the diagnosis of lcss.
study design : retrospective observational study.
setting : the single center study in seoul , republic of korea.
t1-weighted axial mr imageswere acquired at the facet joint level from individual patients.
we measured the lfa and lft at the l4-l5 intervertebral level on mri using a picture archiving and communications system.
the lfa was measured as the cross-sectional area of the whole lf at the l4-l5 stenotic level.
results : the average lfa was @number@ ± @number@ mm2 in the control group and @number@ ± @number@ mm2 in the lcss group.
the average lft was @number@ ± @number@ mm in the control group and @number@ ± @number@ mm in the lcss group.
lcss patients had significantly higher lfa ( p < @number@ ) and lft ( p < @number@ ) .
limitations : the principal methodological limitation was the retrospective observational nature.
anatomically , degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis can involve the central canal , foramina , and lateral recess.
however , we focused on lcss only.
conclusions : although the lft and lfa were both significantly associated with lcss , the lfa was a more sensitive measurement parameter.
background : associations between orthostatic blood pressure and cognitive status ( cs ) have been described with conflicting results.
gray matter volume of regions related to autonomic function was measured.
models were repeated in the subsample with neuroimaging , before and after adjustment for regional gray matter volume.
associations were similar in the subgroup with neuroimaging before and after adjustment for regional gray matter volume.
conclusion : asobpr may be an early marker of risk of dementia in older adults living in the community.
owing to advances in modern medicine , life expectancies are lengthening and leading to an increase in the population of older individuals.
the aging process leads to significant alterations in many organ systems , with the kidney being particularly susceptible to age-related changes.
an important and prevalent environmental toxicant that induces nephrotoxic effects is mercury ( hg ) .
age-related renal changes and the effects of hg in the kidney have been characterized separately.
however , little is known regarding the influence of nephrotoxicants , such as hg , on aged kidneys.
the purpose of this review was to summarize known findings related to exposure of aged and diseased kidneys to the environmentally relevant nephrotoxicant hg.
methods : the guideline methodology adhered to the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation ( agree ) ii criteria.
the guidelines were externally reviewed by a panel of experts.
the strength of each recommendation and the quality of the evidence are presented in the summary.
the aim of this study was to clarify the longitudinal relationship between hypotension and incident lld.
methods : this is a longitudinal study involving community-dwelling participants aged ≥50 years , using data from the irish longitudinal study on ageing.
the centre for epidemiological studies depression scale ( ces-d ) was administered at baseline and at follow-up @number@ years later.
blood pressure ( bp ) was measured at baseline.
participants with a ces-d score ≥16 at baseline and those taking antidepressants were excluded and considered to have a current diagnosis of depression.
a score of ≥16 at follow-up was used to define incident depression.
results : about @number@ participants were included and @number@ participants had diagnosis of incident lld.
logistic regression showed those with systolic bp < 130 mm hg had an unadjusted odds ratio of @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) for incident depression.
this persisted after adjustment for confounding factors.
conclusion : systolic bp < 130 mm hg increased the likelihood of incident depression in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults.
these findings are important because systolic hypotension may represent a potentially modifiable risk factor for lld.
they are also relevant in the context of bp treatment targets for older people.
it involves weekly group sessions over @number@ months and one to one sessions.
main outcome measures : the primary outcome was mental well-being at @number@ months ( mental health ( mh ) dimension of the sf-36 ) .
results : data on @number@ ( intervention = @number@ usual care = @number@ ) participants were analysed using intention to treat analysis.
mean sf-36 mh scores at @number@ months differed by @number@ points ( @number@ ci : @number@ to @number@ p = @number@ ) after adjustments.
trial registration : isrctn67209155.
decline in both telomere length and physical fitness over the life course may contribute to increased risk of several chronic diseases.
the relationship between telomere length and aerobic and muscular fitness is not well characterized.
in a sex-stratified analysis , ltl was not associated with handgrip strength in either men or women.
background : aldosterone acts to restrain the extracellular potassium ( k + ) concentration.
blacks have on average lower plasma aldosterone concentrations ( pacs ) than whites.
whether this ethnic difference is associated with similar changes in the concentration of k + is unclear.
methods : subjects were blacks and whites from an observational study of blood pressure regulation.
pac was known to be significantly lower in blacks than whites.
we sought to test the hypothesis that the concentration of k + remains constant despite variability in pac.
initial enrollment took place in childhood in @number@
at the same time no ethnic difference in levels of k + was observed regardless of age.
conclusions : lower aldosterone levels in blacks did not translate into higher k + concentrations.
it was increasing along with aging ( @percent@ among @number@'s and @percent@ in people over @number@ years old ) .
a statistically significant negative association between levator function and blepharoptosis was found.
background : lower eyelid retraction can be the unfortunate result of aesthetic surgery , trauma , disease , or the aging processes.
the purpose of this article is to assess whether midface lifting based on purely vertical repositioning constitutes an effective procedure for its correction.
methods : a retrospective study was carried out on @number@ patients ( @number@ eyelids ) operated on between january of @number@ and january of @number@
the study was restricted exclusively to cases of moderate and severe lower eyelid retraction addressed by means of midface lifting.
the mean follow-up time was @number@ months.
all of the patients were subjected to midface lifting with strengthening of the lateral canthus.
a spacer graft was also used in @number@ percent of the cases.
only four patients ( @number@ percent ) presented complications such as needing another operation.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : us medicare- and medicaid-certified nursing homes , @number@ to @number@
measurements : minimum data set ( mds ) @number@ admission assessments identified delirium based upon confusion assessment method ( cam ) items.
results : delirium was identified in @percent@ of new postacute nursing home admissions.
early identification and care planning for individuals with delirium at pac admission may be essential to improve outcomes.
however , despite the many results obtained , there are still gaps in practically applying a personalized diet design to specific genotypes.
the authors propose several recommendations for tackling new approaches and applications.
background : racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes have been previously reported.
evidence suggests that psychological and behavioral factors , including depressive symptoms and sleep , can alter endogenous pain facilitatory processes.
whether depressive symptoms and sleep might help explain racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes has yet to be determined.
purpose : this observational , microlongitudinal study examined whether depressive symptoms and sleep were sequential mediators of racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes.
participants subsequently returned to the laboratory for assessment of endogenous pain facilitation using a mechanical temporal summation protocol.
conclusions : this study underscores the importance of examining the contribution of psychological and behavioral factors when addressing racial differences in pain processing.
cytology and hpv genotyping was performed using lbc and hpv multiplex genotyping ( mpg ) , respectively.
women positive for cytology [ atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ( asc-us ) or worse ] or hrhpv were referred for colposcopy.
results : among 1723 / 1762 women included in the final analysis , hrhpv and hpv16 / 18 prevalence was @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
cytology was ascus or worse in @percent@.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade @number@ or worse ( cin2 + ) was detected in @number@ women ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : hpv testing represents a more sensitive methodology for primary cervical cancer screening compared to cytology.
health research on an increasingly aging population calls for careful consideration of aging-associated phenomena , such as dementia.
accounting for such diseases is a necessary step for gaining a view of health in the elderly.
it is moreover imperative to gather data on subjects ' mental limitations in surveys to better evaluate the validity of answers disclosed by elderly participants.
this article discusses the availability of data on individuals suffering from dementia in national studies on aging.
it centers on the question of how surveys respond to the challenge of diagnosing dementia.
overall , the availability of data on age and aging is satisfactory in germany.
the literature review discovered seven studies on aging , as well as five that lend themselves to a framework oriented toward research on aging.
these results thus point out problems in surveying individuals suffering from dementia.
they highlight the limitations of studies on aging that do not account for dementia in their subjects.
human blood plasma is a complex biological fluid containing soluble proteins , sugars , hormones , electrolytes , and dissolved gasses.
the plasma proteomic profiles of neonates were strikingly dissimilar to the older children and adults.
the results of this study map the variation in expression of proteins and pathways often implicated in disease , and so have significant clinical implication.
dna repair is essential for life , yet its efficiency declines with age for reasons that are unclear.
numerous proteins possess nudix homology domains ( nhds ) that have no known function.
the lysosomal transmembrane protein , slc38a9 , is required for mtorc1 activation by cholesterol through conserved cholesterol-responsive motifs.
moreover , slc38a9 enables mtorc1 activation by cholesterol independently from its arginine-sensing function.
thus , lysosomal cholesterol drives mtorc1 activation and growth signaling through the slc38a9-npc1 complex.
astrocytes have in recent years become the focus of intense experimental interest , yet markers for their definitive identification remain both scarce and imperfect.
however , these proteins may all be regulated both developmentally and functionally , restricting their utility.
transcriptome comparisons of sox9 + cells with glt1 + cells showed that the two populations of cells exhibit largely overlapping gene expression.
we quantified the relative number of astrocytes using the isotropic fractionator technique in combination with sox9 immunolabeling.
aging is associated with deterioration in the structure and function of the pulmonary circulation.
little is known , however , about the molecular mechanisms that modulate the aggregation process in the cellular environment.
recently , moag-4 / serf has been identified as a class of evolutionarily conserved proteins that positively regulates aggregate formation.
these results provide a compelling example of the complex competition between molecular and cellular factors that protect against protein aggregation and those that promote it.
there is increasing appreciation that mitochondria serve cellular functions beyond oxygen sensing and energy production.
due to vital functions that keep photoreceptors healthy , the rpe is essential for maintaining vision.
with aging and the accumulated effects of environmental stresses , the rpe can become dysfunctional and die.
oxidative stress and inflammation have both physiological and potentially pathological roles in rpe degeneration.
importantly , the abundance of these cells is directly correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in older persons.
of note , peripheral blood contains only @percent@ of the total body lymphocyte population.
we report here the development of a method for measuring and comparing proliferative capacity of peripheral blood and gut colorectal mucosa-derived cd8 t cells.
( @number@ ) introduction of the novel technique of combining cfse and brdu staining to do so.
aging has a remarkable effect on cardiovascular homeostasis and it is known as the major non-modifiable risk factor in the development of hypertension.
tissue mechanical and structural properties were characterized by planar biaxial mechanical testing and histological methods.
the experimental data were then fitted with a fung-type constitutive model.
results : the four valves differed substantially in thickness , degree of anisotropy , and stiffness.
tv leaflets were the most extensible and isotropic , while aml and av leaflets were the least extensible and the most anisotropic.
a novel nor-betaenone compound , 11-norbetaenone ( @number@ ) , was isolated from the culture broth of an entomopathogenic fungus lecanicillium antillanum.
the structure was determined on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic data.
the absolute stereochemistry of @number@ was further confirmed by x-ray single crystallography analysis.
it is the first secondary metabolite reported from the species lecanicillium antillanum.
and it is also the first time that a betaenone-type compound was isolated from the genus lecanicillium.
furthermore , 11-norbetaenone ( @number@ ) displayed significant anti-angiogenic effect by suppressing tube formation.
objectives : this is an early feasibility clinical test of mitral loop cerclage annuloplasty to treat secondary mitral valve regurgitation.
background : secondary mitral regurgitation is characterized by cardiomyopathy , mitral annular enlargement , and leaflet traction contributing to malcoaptation.
this is the first human test of mitral loop annuloplasty.
methods : five subjects with severe symptomatic secondary mitral regurgitation underwent mitral loop cerclage , with echocardiographic and computed tomography follow-up over @number@ months.
two with persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm during follow-up.
one subject experienced a small myocardial infarction from an unrecognized small branch coronary occlusion.
another , experiencing cardiogenic shock at baseline , died of intractable heart failure after @number@ weeks.
further evaluation is warranted.
background : the apolipoprotein e ɛ4 ( apoe4 ) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor identified for developing alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
among brain lipids , alteration in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) homeostasis is implicated in ad pathogenesis.
apoe4 may influence both brain dha metabolism and cognitive outcomes.
higher dha incorporation coefficients were observed in several brain regions , particularly in the entorhinal subregion , an area affected early in ad pathogenesis.
these findings may contribute to understanding how apoe4 genotypes affect ad risk.
the physiological changes accompanying inflammation may alter the pharmacokinetics ( pk ) of certain medications.
individuals infected with hiv have chronically elevated inflammatory markers despite viral suppression following effective antiretroviral therapy ( art ) , as well as age-related inflammation.
understanding the potential clinical implications of inflammation on the pk of medications is important for understanding dose-response relationships and necessitates future research.
more research is needed including controlled pk studies to address the clinical relevance of these observations , especially in the aging hiv-infected population.
objective : experience of stressful life events is associated with risk of depression.
yet many exposed individuals do not become depressed.
a controversial hypothesis is that genetic factors influence vulnerability to depression following stress.
this hypothesis is often tested with a \ "diathesis-stress \ " model , in which genes confer excess vulnerability.
the authors tested an alternative formulation of this model : genes may buffer against depressogenic effects of life stress.
method : the hypothesized genetic buffer was measured using a polygenic score derived from a published genome-wide association study of subjective well-being.
results : hrs adults with higher well-being polygenic scores experienced fewer depressive symptoms during follow-up.
having a higher well-being polygenic score buffered against increased depressive symptoms following a spouse's death.
future studies of gene-environment interplay in depression may benefit from focus on genetics discovered for putative protective factors.
macro- and microvascular complications are currently the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.
plasmatic levels of homocysteine were also determined in the same individuals.
subjects from ydh group also showed lower inos expression , compared with all other groups.
our results provide important novel insight into the potential disease mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative consequences of cisd2 mutations and the subsequent development of multisystemic disease.
perivascular spaces that are visible on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) are a neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease.
univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed.
mri-visible perivascular space severity in either location did not predict pib-pet.
these findings provide further evidence that the anatomical distribution of mri-visible perivascular spaces may reflect the underlying cerebral small vessel disease.
see stayte and vissel ( doi : 10.1093 / awx064 ) for a scientific commentary on this article.
multiple system atrophy is a fatal sporadic adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder with no symptomatic or disease-modifying treatment available.
the cytopathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy is the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes , forming glial cytoplasmic inclusions.
by contrast , it was not different between both groups in the temporal cortex , a less vulnerable structure compared to the putamen.
see vandenberghe and schaeverbeke ( doi : 10.1093 / awx065 ) for a scientific commentary on this article.
a long-term goal of our field is to determine the sequence of pathological events , which ultimately lead to cognitive decline and dementia.
these findings are in agreement with the pathology literature , which suggests that tau tangles but not amyloid-β plaques correlate with cognition and clinical symptoms.
although the zinc finger transcription factor wt1 has been linked to female fertility , its precise role in this process has not yet been understood.
this mutation leads to an amino acid change within the zinc finger domain and results in reduced dna binding.
we utilized wt1 + / - mice as a model to mechanistically pinpoint the consequences of reduced wt1 levels for female fertility.
notably , blocking prss29 activity was sufficient to rescue subfertility in wt1 + / - mice indicating prss29 as a critical factor in female fertility.
molecularly , wt1 represses expression of prss29.
de-repression and precocious expression of prss29 in the oviduct of wt1 + / - mice interferes with pre-implantation development.
our study reveals a novel role for wt1 in early mammalian development and identifies proteases as critical mediators of the maternal-embryonic interaction.
our data also suggest that the role of wt1 in regulating fertility is conserved in mammals.
mutations in the gene encoding tau ( mapt ) cause frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders.
a rare tau variant p.a152t was reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia spectrum and alzheimer's disease in an initial case-control study.
such findings need replication in an independent cohort.
impaired proteasome activity may also enhance accumulation of other proteins associated with this variant.
we increased a152t clearance kinetics by both pharmacological and genetic upregulation of autophagy and ameliorated the disease pathology observed in a152t-tau fish.
thus , autophagy-upregulating therapies may be a strategy for the treatment for tauopathies.
many comparative genomics studies aim to find the genetic basis of species-specific phenotypic traits.
a prevailing strategy is to search genome-wide for genes that evolved under positive selection based on the non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratio.
however , incongruent results largely due to high false positive rates indicate the need for standardization of quality criteria and software tools.
we exemplify posigene's performance using simulated and real data.
in the simulated data approach , we determined a false positive rate < 1%.
posigene is a user-friendly , reliable tool for reproducible genome-wide identification of psgs and freely available at @url@
genome-wide association studies identified numerous disease risk loci.
delineating molecular mechanisms influenced by cis-regulatory variants is essential to understand gene regulation and ultimately disease pathophysiology.
we found rs7647481a nonrisk allele binding of yin yang @number@ ( yy1 ) , confirmed by allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation in primary adipocytes.
our findings support a concept with diverse cis-regulatory variants contributing to disease pathophysiology at one locus.
proteome-wide identification of both , transcription factors and coregulators , can profoundly improve understanding of mechanisms underlying genetic associations.
eukaryotic mrna decay is tightly modulated by rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) and micrornas ( mirnas ) .
previously , we have shown that auf1 facilitates mirna loading to argonaute @number@ ( ago2 ) , the catalytic component of the rna-induced silencing complex.
here , we further demonstrate that depletion of auf1 abolishes the global interaction of mirnas and ago2.
single-molecule analysis revealed that auf1 slowed down assembly of ago2-let-7b-mrna complex unexpectedly.
our findings indicate that auf1 functions in promoting mirna-mediated mrna decay globally.
the american medical association current procedural panel developed a new billing code making behavioral health screening a reimbursable healthcare service.
the use of computerized testing as a means for cognitive screening and brief cognitive testing is increasing at a rapid rate.
some screening tests can also be helpful for monitoring treatment outcomes.
however , limitations of existing cognitive screening tests are present and cognitive screening tests should not be used as a replacement for comprehensive neuropsychological testing.
future research should aim to inform the development and use of maximally effective and valid proxy measures of functional ability.
in the brain , intracellular iron is essential for cellular metabolism.
however , an overload of free iron is toxic , inducing oxidative stress and cell death.
in older age , higher striatal iron was related to poorer memory.
loss of olfactory function is common in old age , but evidence regarding qualitative olfactory dysfunction in the general older population is scarce.
the relationships between phantosmia and demographic , genetic , health-related , and behavioral variables were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression analyses.
olfactory dysfunction was , however , not related to phantosmia.
the most frequently reported phantom smell was smoky / burnt.
a novel finding was that some individuals reported phantom smells with an autobiographical connotation.
kiaa0319 is a transmembrane protein associated with dyslexia with a presumed role in neuronal migration.
this suggested that kiaa0319 participates in functions unrelated to neuronal migration.
a similar inhibitory effect was observed in vivo as axon regeneration was impaired after transduction of sensory neurons with kiaa0319.
conversely , the deletion of kiaa0319 in neurons increased neurite outgrowth in vitro and improved axon regeneration in vivo.
at the mechanistic level , kiaa0319 engaged the jak2-sh2b1 pathway to activate smad2 , which played a central role in kiaa0319-mediated repression of axon growth.
we hypothesize that genetic modifiers may explain this variability of symptoms.
two variants were genotyped in a cohort of well-studied adult tbmn patients from @number@ greek-cypriot families , with a homogeneous genetic background.
a larger pooled cohort ( hematuria ) of @number@ patients , including iga nephropathy patients , was used for verification.
functional studies showed that neph3 homodimerization and neph3-nephrin heterodimerization are disturbed by variant 353m.
additionally , genetics studies provide evidence for a role in predisposing homozygous subjects of the general population to micro-albuminuria.
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a common , benign condition in women.
women in the united states have a @percent@ lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for pop ( ) .
although pop can occur in younger women , the peak incidence of pop symptoms is in women aged 70-79 years ( ) .
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a common , benign condition in women.
women in the united states have a @percent@ lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for pop ( @number@ ) .
although pop can occur in younger women , the peak incidence of pop symptoms is in women aged 70-79 years ( @number@ ) .
however , the lower outcome scores documented in older patients do not take in consideration the decreasing requirements of an aging joint.
study design : cohort study ; level of evidence , @number@
results were first evaluated by dividing patients into @number@ age groups according to the generally approved cutoff value of @number@ years.
results : a significant improvement in all scores was observed.
ikdc subjective score improved from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ at @number@ years.
however , different findings were obtained after the scores were standardized.
conclusion : the benefit of cartilage treatments in patients with increasing age but without any sign of osteoarthritis was higher than previously reported in literature.
laypersons and experts believe that wisdom is cultivated through a diverse range of positive and negative life experiences.
yet , not all individuals with life experience are wise.
we propose that one possible determinant of growth in wisdom from life experience is self-reflection.
we assessed wisdom using self-report , performance , and nomination approaches.
this study suggests that developmental pathways in the wake of adversity may be partially determined by how individuals self-reflectively process significant life experiences.
repeated statements feel easier to process , and thus more truthful , than new ones ( i.e. , illusory truth ) .
when judging truth , older adults ' accumulated general knowledge may offset this perception of fluency.
in two experiments , participants read statements that contradicted information stored in memory ; a post-experimental knowledge check confirmed what individual participants knew.
unlike young adults , older adults exhibited illusory truth only when they lacked knowledge about claims.
this interaction between knowledge and fluency extends dual-process theories of aging.
further , analysis of estimates of discriminability provides substantial-to-strong evidence against this suggestion.
the current study examined tri while manipulating older adults ' performance-related concerns.
we compared groups for which memory-related stereotype threat ( st ) was activated or relieved to a control group.
participants completed an operation span task containing mind-wandering probes.
st-activated oas reported more tri than st-relieved oas and had worse performance on the operation span task.
this study illustrates that environmental context triggers current concerns and determines , in part , the frequency and content of mind-wandering.
specifically , it is unknown if greater anxiety leads to subsequent declines in cognitive performance or if worse cognitive performance leads to increased anxiety.
we examined data from @number@ nondemented participants from the swedish adoption / twin study of aging.
participants completed as many as eight assessments of cognitive performance and anxiety over a 26-year period.
bivariate dual-change score models were fit to examine the dynamic association between anxiety and cognitive performance.
bidirectional associations between anxiety and cognitive performance were found among measures of processing speed , attention , and memory but not visuospatial abilities.
higher anxiety was associated with greater declines in processing speed over the duration of @number@ years and worsening attention over a span of @number@ years.
these findings highlight that in cognitively intact older adults , the association between anxiety and worse cognitive performance is bidirectional and complex.
finally , the effect of predictability in reading times on the target word was larger for older adults than for young adults.
these results suggest that older adults ' reading strategies are not as risky as was previously claimed.
clinically healthy older adults completed a pair of behavioral memory and perceptual inhibition tasks and then underwent structural brain imaging.
( psycinfo database record background : obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake , i.e. eating and energy expenditure ( ee ) .
severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide , and obesity pathophysiology and the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ in women and men.
the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.
pre-clinical and clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role.
we sought to identify emerging research foci with clinical translational potential rather than to provide a comprehensive review.
outcomes : we find that estrogens play a leading role in the causes and consequences of female obesity.
menopause also partially reverses women's protective at distribution.
these effects can be counteracted by estrogen treatment.
with respect to eating , increasing estrogen levels progressively decrease eating during the follicular and peri-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle.
progestin levels are associated with eating during the luteal phase , but there does not appear to be a causal relationship.
progestins may increase binge eating and eating stimulated by negative emotional states during the luteal phase.
another mechanism involves a decrease in the preference for sweet foods during the follicular phase.
the syndrome appears around puberty in mice with genetic deletions of mc4r , suggesting a role of ovarian hormones.
there is a dearth of research on the neuroendocrine control of eating after menopause.
nonetheless , testosterone drugs have exhibited extraordinary commercial success and their pharmaceutical sales are steadily rising.
commercial mechanisms have laid the foundation for disease mongering of loh and also have resulted a considerable expansion of the indications for treatment.
this promotion model deserves particular attention since it is applicable to any drug with a purportedly favourable risk-benefit ratio not supported by evidence.
however , the underlying molecular mechanisms of nampt in these physiological and pathological processes are not fully understood.
the diop surface was then modified using a silane coupling agent , ( kh570 ) , to reinforce interfacial adhesion.
the results showed that the tensile properties and thermal stability of the scaffolds were significantly enhanced.
on the other hand , there existed relatively high compatibility between its hydrophobic group and the biopolymer matrix.
thus , the ameliorated interface interaction led to a homogeneous state of diop dispersion in the matrix.
in addition , cell culture experiments revealed that they had good biocompatibility compared to the scaffolds without kdiop.
it indicated that the scaffolds with kdiop possess potential application in tissue engineering.
arachidonic acid and dha containing pl species , ε4-status and aβ42 / aβ40 ratios provided @percent@ accuracy in detecting mci / ad.
fish oil / omega-3 fatty acid consumption was associated with lower aa / dha ratios even among ε4 carriers.
high plasma aa / dha ratios were observed in e4fad compared to efad mice with other isoforms.
in particular , alterations in plasma aa and dha containing pl species were also observed in the brains of e4fad mice compared to e3fad mice.
particularly in frontal impacts , older females show higher risk to the chest and thorax than their younger or male counterparts.
combined differences in spine curvature and rib geometry led to an 18-mm difference in anterior placement of the sternum between young and old subjects.
the modular approach taken allows model parameters to hold inherent and intuitive meaning , offering advantages over more generalized methods such as principal component analysis.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia.
ad is characterized by the extracellular amyloid beta ( aβ ) plaques and intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) .
recently , as aging has become a familiar phenomenon around the world , patients with ad are increasing in number.
thus , many researchers are working toward finding effective therapeutics for ad focused on aβ hypothesis , although there has been no success yet.
aging is associated with not only ad but also obesity and type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) .
ad , obesity , and t2dm share demographic profiles , risk factors , and clinical and biochemical features in common.
in addition , adiponectin is decreased in the patients with obesity and t2dm.
this reduction induces metabolic dysfunction both in the body and the brain , leading to ad pathogenesis.
population aging is accompanied by the burden of chronic diseases and disability.
the identification of which chronic diseases contribute most to the disability prevalence is important to reduce the burden.
although longitudinal studies can be considered the gold standard to assess the causes of disability , they are costly and often with restricted sample size.
thus , the use of cross-sectional data under certain assumptions has become a popular alternative.
the r function constroptim is used to maximize the multinomial log-likelihood function subject to a linear inequality constraint.
our simulation study indicates overall good performance of the model , without convergence problems.
for illustration , we apply the model to the data of the belgian health interview surveys.
vertebral body fracture was more frequent in the atrophic type , suggesting the involvement of osteoporosis at the onset of hip osteoarthritis.
introduction : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is associated with increased bone formation at a local site.
however , excessive bone resorption has also been found to occur in the early stages of oa.
osteoporosis may be involved in the onset of oa in elderly patients.
results : as the patients aged , the parameters of acetabular dysplasia decreased.
the incidence of the atrophic type of oa was significantly higher in older patients.
vertebral body fractures were more frequent in the atrophic type than in the other types.
additionally , the index of acetabular dysplasia was lower in the atrophic type.
by contrast , the hypertrophic type was present in relatively younger patients and was associated with an increased index of acetabular dysplasia.
metals are essential for normal cns functioning , and metal imbalances have been linked to demyelination and neurodegeneration.
zinc in ms lesions was generally decreased , paralleling myelin loss.
iron accumulates concentrically in a subset of chronic inactive lesions suggesting that not all iron rims around ms lesions equate with smoldering plaques.
upon degeneration of iron-loaded microglia / macrophages , astrocytes may form an additional protective barrier that may prevent iron-induced oxidative damage.
ecas total score ranges from @number@ ( worst performance ) to @number@ ( best performance ) .
moreover , a brief caregiver interview provides an assessment of behaviour changes and psychotic symptoms usually associated with als patients.
the aim of the present study was to provide normative values for ecas total score and sub-scores in a sample of italian healthy subjects.
multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and education significantly influenced performance on ecas total score and sub-scale scores.
from the derived linear equation , a correction grid for raw scores was built.
inferential cut-off scores were estimated using a non-parametric technique and equivalent scores ( es ) were computed.
its high incidence in the general population and debilitating symptoms has recently put it at the forefront of mood disorder research.
aim : in this study we investigated common volumetric brain changes in both young and middle-aged std patients.
conclusions : our findings indicate significant vbm brain changes in both young and middle-aged individuals with std.
individuals with std , regardless of age , may share common neural characteristics.
purpose : sample entropy ( sampen ) is an analysis to evaluate movement complexity of the center of pressure ( cop ) .
a lower value of sampen indicates lower complexity of cop variability , that is , rigidity , and lower degrees of freedom.
previous studies reported the association of increased sampen with improved standing balance ability in young subjects.
however , no studies have examined these relationships among older adults.
thus , we aimed to investigate the relationship between sampen and standing balance ability in older adults.
subjects and methods : the subjects were @number@ institutionalized older adults ( aged @number@.2±6.5 years ) .
cop during static standing was measured.
the standard deviation ( sd ) values of cop and sampen in the sagittal and frontal planes were calculated using time series data.
results : olst , fr , and lr were @number@.5±8.3 s , @number@.8±5.9 cm , and @number@.2±6.4 cm , respectively.
pearson correlation analysis revealed that sampen in the sagittal plane significantly correlated with olst ( conclusion : lower sampen implies rigidity for postural control.
background : delirium in hip fractured patients is a frequent complication.
dementia is an important risk factor for delirium and is common in frail elderly.
this study aimed to extend the previous knowledge on risk factors for delirium and the consequences.
special attention was given to patients with dementia and delirium.
methods : this is a retrospective cohort study performed in the amphia hospital , breda , the netherlands.
all patients presented were aged ≥70 years with a hip fracture , who underwent surgery with osteosynthesis or arthroplasty.
patients were excluded in case of a pathological or a periprosthetic hip fracture , multiple traumatic injuries , and high-energy trauma.
patient and surgical characteristics were documented.
postoperative outcomes were noted.
delirium was screened using delirium observation screening scale and dementia was assessed from medical notes.
results : of a total of @number@ included patients , @percent@ were females.
the median age was @number@ years ( interquartile range : @number@ ) .
delirium was observed in @percent@.
patients who underwent an episode of delirium were at increased risk for adverse outcomes.
correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with each measure.
results : age- and sex-stratified reference values for functional outcome measures were generated.
functional performance increased through childhood and adolescence , plateaued during adulthood , and declined in older adulthood.
height was the most consistent correlate of functional performance in children , while lower limb muscle strength was a major determinant in adolescents and adults.
in older adults , age , lower limb strength , and joint flexibility explained up to @percent@ of the variance in functional measures.
the purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific association between muscle weakness and incident diabetes in older mexican americans.
design : observational , longitudinal study.
setting : urban and rural households in the southwestern united states.
participants : a subsample of @number@ mexican americans aged at least @number@ years without diabetes at baseline were followed for @number@ years.
measurements : muscle weakness was assessed with a hand-held dynamometer and was normalized to body weight ( normalized grip strength ) .
male and female participants were categorized as weak if their normalized grip strength was ≤0.46 and ≤0.30 , respectively.
a sensitivity analysis was performed to account for influential outliers for the outcome variable ( incident diabetes ) and the model was re-run.
conclusions : muscle weakness was associated with an increased rate of diabetes in older male and female mexican americans.
health professionals should encourage activities that preserve muscle strength , thereby preventing the incidence of diabetes in older mexican americans.
methods : we investigated the people with dementia living in @number@ care homes in london and buckinghamshire , united kingdom.
results : baseline prevalence of pain was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.3-38.3 ) .
pain severity was significantly correlated with dementia severity , neuropsychiatric symptoms , depression , agitation , and quality of life at both time points.
regular treatment with analgesics significantly reduced pain severity.
pain was significantly associated with more antipsychotic prescriptions.
pain was significantly associated ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) with all-cause mortality during follow-up.
conclusions : pain is an important determinant of neuropsychiatric symptoms , mortality , quality-of-life , and antipsychotic prescriptions.
improved identification , monitoring , and treatment of pain are urgent priorities to improve the health and quality-of-life for people with dementia.
method : samples of african americans , caribbean blacks , and non-hispanic whites aged 55 + were drawn from the national survey of american life.
typology indicators related to social integration and negative interactions with family , friendship , and church networks were used.
findings for race and age and race and education interactions indicated that the effects of education and age on typology membership varied by race.
discussion : overall , the findings demonstrate how race interacts with age and education to influence the probability of belonging to particular network types.
objectives : social scientists need practical methods for harnessing large , publicly available datasets that inform the social context of aging.
the approach improves feasibility of examining large publicly available datasets.
method : machine learning techniques modeled stigmatization expressed in @number@ ad-related tweets collected via twitter's search api based on @number@ ad-related keywords.
two researchers manually coded @number@ random tweets on @number@ dimensions.
this input from @percent@ of the dataset was used to train a classifier against the tweet text and code the remaining @percent@ of the dataset.
recommendations for the collection and analysis of large twitter datasets are discussed.
purpose : for decades , scholars have studied the effects of immigration on the u.s. social security system.
we estimate the proportion of male mexican return migrants who contributed to the u.s. social security system and analyze their socioeconomic characteristics and migration histories.
we also estimate the proportion that receive or expect to receive u.s. social security benefits.
to assess their bodies ( in ) adequacies , they engaged in upward or downward social comparisons with others their age.
participants perceived self-compassion for the aging body to be idealistic and contextual.
findings highlight the importance of health and body functionality in influencing the cognitive , emotional , and behavioral management of the aging body.
throughout life , the t cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands , resulting in a fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals.
here we review the cellular and molecular features of an aged immune system and discuss the trade-offs inherent to these adaptive mechanisms.
skeletal muscle samples were obtained for gene expression using rna-seq analysis and to assess mitochondrial morphology.
results : there were no changes in glucose tolerance , insulin sensitivity , weight , blood pressure , or lipid profile following resveratrol treatment.
fasting reactive hyperemia index improved with resveratrol ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ p = @number@ ) .
rna-seq analysis yielded @number@ differentially expressed transcripts ( corrected p-value ≤ @number@ ) , predominantly associated with mitochondrial genes and noncoding rna.
mitochondrial number , but not size , was increased.
future human studies should address the appropriate dose range and low bioavailability of resveratrol.
study objectives : in young adults , napping is hypothesized to benefit episodic memory retention ( eg , via consolidation ) .
design : between-subjects design.
setting : sleep laboratory at emory university school of medicine.
participants : fifty healthy young adults ( 18-29 ) and @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( 58-83 ) .
intervention : participants were randomly assigned to a 90-minute nap opportunity or an equal interval of quiet wakefulness.
following a 90-minute retention interval filled with quiet wakefulness or a nap opportunity , they were asked to free recall and recognize those words.
young adults retained significantly more words following a nap interval than a quiet wakefulness interval on both free recall and recognition tests.
conclusions : in young adults , an afternoon nap benefits episodic memory retention , but such benefits decrease with advancing age.
objective : older adults frequently report sleep problems and are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disruption.
experimental sleep restriction of younger adults has suggested that cortisol may be on the pathway between sleep restriction and cardiometabolic disease.
we investigated whether the natural variation in sleep among older adults is associated with daytime cortisol level.
salivary cortisol was measured with @number@ timed samples at the beginning , middle , and end of a 2-hr in-home interview.
for each individual , a single summary daytime cortisol level was estimated by fitting a marginal longitudinal model for the @number@ time-stamped cortisol samples.
the resulting estimates were then regressed on each sleep measure , adjusting for sociodemographics , health behaviors , and comorbidities.
self-reported sleep duration and sleep problems were also not associated with cortisol.
conclusion : actigraph measures of sleep disturbance are associated with higher daytime cortisol among older adults.
however , cross-sectional data cannot distinguish causal direction or whether cortisol and sleep disruption have a common cause.
it has been observed that male patients develop the disease earlier and present with more severe phenotypes as compared to females.
twenty-six patients ( @percent@ ) experienced mace.
furthermore , an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived arvc / d cardiomyocyte model was used to investigate the effects of sex hormones.
in this model , testosterone worsened and estradiol improved arvc / d-related pathologies such as cardiomyocyte apoptosis and lipogenesis , strongly supporting our clinical findings.
therefore , determining the levels of sex hormones may be useful for risk stratification and may open a new window for preventive interventions.
study objectives : determine the associations of sleep disturbances with hospitalization risk among older women.
measures except tst were dichotomized based on clinical thresholds.
incident hospitalizations were determined from claims data.
results : nine hundred and seventy-six women ( @percent@ ) had ≥1 hospitalization in the @number@ years after the year @number@ examination.
conclusions : older women with sleep disturbances have an increased risk of hospitalization partially attributable to demographics , poorer health status , and comorbidities.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of @number@ participants enrolled in a multicenter observational study of older adults admitted to @number@ acute hospital wards in italy.
skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioimpedance analysis.
the prevalence of sarcopenia was inversely correlated with body mass index.
conclusion : based on ewgsop criteria , prevalence of sarcopenia is extremely high among older adults on admission to acute hospital wards.
background : there are no primary prevention trials of aspirin with relevant geriatric outcomes in elderly people.
approximately @percent@ of the u.s. cohort were from minority groups ; @percent@ of the total cohort.
background : interplays between inflammation and mitochondrial biology are reported.
here , we examined the cross-sectional interrelationships of mitochondrial dna copy number ( mtdnacn ) and inflammation and their interaction with physical functioning.
the association of objectively measured physical activity with leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is currently unknown.
the sample included @number@ older ( 64-95 years old ) white and african american women from the women's health initiative.
multiple linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to determine the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and ltl.
light activity was not significantly associated with ltl.
conclusions : older women meeting current recommendations of ≥2.5 h / wk of mvpa , as assessed by accelerometer , had longer ltl.
additional studies using accelerometers in large , diverse cohorts of older women are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
here , we investigated whether llfs families with ec may also exhibit more favorable profiles of other age-related biomarkers.
methods : nondemented offspring of the llfs probands scoring @number@ sd above the mean in a cognitive phenotype were classified as participants with ec.
adjusted general estimating equations were used to investigate whether ec families had a better longevity and age-related biomarker profiles than non-ec families.
ec families showed a better a metabolic profile ( β = @number@ se = @number@ p = @number@ ) than non-ec families.
the healthier metabolic profile is related to obesity in an age-dependent fashion.
ec families also showed better physical / pulmonary function than non-ec families ( β = @number@ se = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
our results suggest that familial exceptional longevity may be achieved through heterogeneous yet correlated pathways.
there were some weak associations between sirt1 snps and arthritis , heart attack , deafness , and cognitive impairment.
there was no association between sirt1 snps and the serum-induced sirt1 assay.
sirt1 snps and serum-induced sirt1 expression in older men may be more closely associated with nutrition and body composition than aging and age-related conditions.
incidence rate ratios were calculated using poisson regressions while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of mental and physical disorders.
additionally , a higher level of mental health care use was noted.
conclusions and relevance : exposure to suicide is stressful and affects the bereaved spouse on a broad range of outcomes.
the excess risks of mental , physical , and social health outcomes highlight a need for more support directed toward spouses bereaved by suicide.
the development of animal models to study human frailty is important to test interventions to be translated to the clinical practice.
the aim of this work was to develop a score for frailty in experimental animals based in the human frailty phenotype.
we also tested the effect of physical inactivity in the development of frailty as determined by our score.
male c57bl / 6j mice , individually caged , were randomly assigned to one of two groups : sedentary ( inactive ) or spontaneous wheel-runners.
each criterion had a designated cut-off point to identify the mice with the lowest performance.
lifelong spontaneous exercise significantly retards frailty.
on the contrary sedentary animals become frail as they age.
thus , physical inactivity is a model of frailty in experimental animals.
our frailty score provides a tool to evaluate interventions in mice prior to translating them to clinical practice.
background : comorbidity indices that are based on clinically recognized disease do not capture the full spectrum of health.
the healthy aging index ( hai ) was recently developed to describe a wider range of health and disease across multiple organ systems.
we characterized the distribution of a modified hai ( mhai ) by sociodemographics in a representative sample of the u.s. population.
we also examined the association of the mhai with mortality across individuals with different levels of clinically recognizable comorbidities.
methods : data are from the national health and nutrition examination survey ( 1999-2000 , 2001-2002 ) on @number@ adults aged @number@ years or older.
results : the mean mhai score was @number@ @percent@ had a score of 0-2.
@percent@ had a score of 3-4 , @percent@ had a score of 5-6 , and @percent@ had a score of 7-10.
mean mhai scores were lower in adults who were younger , non-hispanic whites , more educated , and married / living with partner.
within each comorbidity category ( @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ 4 + ) , the mhai was still widely distributed and further stratified mortality.
conclusions : substantial variation exists in the mhai across sociodemographic subgroups.
the mhai could provide incremental value for mortality risk prediction beyond clinically diagnosed chronic diseases among elders.
frailty is a clinical syndrome that is increasingly prevalent during aging.
frailty involves the confluence of reduced strength , speed , physical activity , and endurance and is associated with adverse health outcomes.
the present study adapts existing clinical and preclinical indices of frailty to the fischer ( f344 ) rat.
background : low blood serum or plasma concentrations of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin have been implicated in poorer cognitive health in older adults.
mixed-effects models were fitted with adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors , health conditions , and health behaviors.
we also found evidence that higher plasma zeaxanthin , but not lutein , was associated with better processing speed.
these associations were consistent across domains.
conclusions : further investigation of the prognostic value of carotenoid concentrations , and their changes , on cognition in similar population-based samples longitudinally is warranted.
background : identification of genes or fundamental biological pathways that regulate aging phenotypes and longevity could lead to possible interventions to increase healthy longevity.
lf1 primarily reflected traits from the pulmonary and physical activity domains.
further investigation of this possible locus and other suggestive loci may reveal novel biological pathways that influence healthy aging.
background : traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) has been identified as a risk factor for parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
motor dysfunction among tbi-exposed elders without pd has not been well characterized.
functionally relevant motor dysfunction was assessed via self-report of falls within the past year.
mild tbi was not associated with worse motor function.
conclusions : remote moderate-to-severe tbi is a risk factor for motor dysfunction-defined as recent falls and impaired posture / gait-among older veterans.
tbi-exposed older adults may be ideal candidates for aggressive fall-screening and prevention strategies.
background : only scarce data exist on the association between obesity and disability in the oldest old.
incident mobility and adl disability was followed-up on median @number@ years ( range @number@.6-7.8 years ) .
mortality was also followed-up.
multinomial logistic regression models were used for the analyses , as death was treated as an alternative outcome.
the follow-up time was taken into account in the analyses.
results : neither low or high body mass index , nor low or high wc , were associated with incident mobility disability.
conclusions : obesity is not associated with incident mobility or adl disability in nonagenarians.
instead , low wc is associated with an increased risk of developing adl disability in nonagenarian women.
the search for the genetic determinants of extreme human longevity has been challenged by the phenotype's rarity and its nonspecific definition by investigators.
the analyses identified new rare variants in chromosomes @number@ and @number@ associated with extreme survival and with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and alzheimer's disease.
we sought to examine the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) and objective physical performance in older adults.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of @number@ participants from the irish longitudinal study on ageing , a national cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years.
relationships were further explored using natural egfr splines.
we examined effect modification by age in the relationship between egfr and gait speed.
the relationship between egfrcys and outcomes appeared linear but varied by age.
the association between egfrcr and outcomes tended towards a u-shape.
conclusions : cystatin c egfr was linearly related to poorer physical performance beyond middle age among community-dwelling adults.
the non-linear relationships observed with egfrcr underscore the limitations of creatinine as a predictor of frailty outcomes in older individuals.
background : evidence highlights the importance of muscular strength as a protective factor for health and function across aging populations.
strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer , and was normalized to body mass.
conclusions : ngs was robustly associated with both cardiometabolic disease risk and physical disabilities in u.s. and chinese aging adults.
however , the extent of the mechanistic overlap between rm and cr remains incompletely understood.
here , we compared the impact of cr and rm on cellular metabolic status.
both regimens maintained intracellular atp through the chronological aging process and showed enhanced mitochondrial capacity.
comparative transcriptome analysis showed that cr had a stronger impact on global gene expression than rm.
we observed a like impact on the metabolome and identified distinct metabolites affected by cr and rm.
cr severely reduced the level of energy storage molecules including glycogen and lipid droplets , whereas rm did not.
rm boosted the production of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of glycogen and lipid droplets.
background : increasing evidence suggests that postoperative delirium may result in long-term cognitive decline among older adults.
risk factors for such cognitive decline are unknown.
pre-surgical factors were assessed preoperatively and divided into nine groupings of related factors ( \ "domains \ " ) .
linear regression was used to examine associations between potential risk factors and rate of long-term cognitive decline over time.
a domain-specific and then overall selection method based on adjusted r2 values was used to identify explanatory factors for the outcome.
conclusions : global cognitive performance was most strongly associated with long-term cognitive decline following delirium.
pre-surgical factors may substantially predict this outcome.
background : frailty confers risk for surgical morbidity and mortality.
whether patient-reported measures of health , well-being , or quality of life respond differently to surgery in non-frail and frail individuals is unknown.
methods : older adults with severe aortic stenosis presenting for surgery were assessed for frailty using cardiovascular health study criteria.
results : of @number@ participants ( mean age of @number@ years ) , @number@ were frail.
frail participants had lower baseline dasi , sf-12 pcs , sf-12 mcs , physical well-being , and quality of life scores than non-frail participants.
at follow-up , frail participants showed significant improvement in physical function , with dasi and sf-12 pcs scores improving by @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
non-frail subjects did not significantly improve in these measures.
sf-12 mcs scores also improved to a greater extent in frail compared to non-frail participants ( @number@ vs < @number@ point ) .
in response to surgery , frail participants exhibited greater improvement in these patient-centered outcomes than non-frail peers.
particularly , sasp from stroma senescent fibroblasts creates a cancer-favoring microenvironment , providing targets for anti-cancer interventions.
the cellular nuclear-factor-kb ( nf-kb ) protein level was also reduced , confirming its role in the induction of sasp.
resveratrol pretreated mrc5 fibroblasts were resistant to activation by tgfβ.
hospitalization and mortality rates were evaluated during an 11-year follow-up.
conclusions : dynapenic abdominal obese participants are at higher risk of worsening disability and hospitalization than nd / nao participants.
mortality risk was higher in participants with dynapenia without central fat distribution compared with the reference group.
background : the cause-effect relationship between bilateral oophorectomy and accelerated aging remains controversial.
we conducted new analyses to further address this controversy.
each woman was randomly matched to a referent woman born in the same year ( ±1 year ) who had not undergone bilateral oophorectomy.
analyses were restricted to women free of any of the @number@ chronic conditions at the time of oophorectomy ( or index date ) .
the single-year incidence rate of new conditions was most different in the first @number@ years after oophorectomy but the difference attenuated thereafter.
findings did not vary by surgical indication for the oophorectomy.
the association did not vary by surgical indication for oophorectomy.
our findings suggest that bilateral oophorectomy is causally linked to accelerated aging.
finally , when evaluated as summative disability scores , there was little difference in predictive accuracy between the 5-category scale and three alternative scales.
methods : at age 60-64 , participants from a british birth cohort study wore accelerometers for @number@ days.
accelerometry counts were log-transformed and mean log-counts were used to derive a summary variable indicating total daily log-activity counts.
conclusions : obese older adults may require targeted interventions and additional support to improve their daily activity levels.
in addition , life-span studies in mice are not well suited to testing drug combinations that target multiple factors involved in aging.
additional paradigms for testing therapeutics aimed at slowing aging are needed.
preliminary studies show that the platform generates clss that increase with the age of mice in an organ-dependent manner.
while currently optimized for mice , the ggp could be adapted to any preclinical animal model.
background : task modification refers to performing a task differently than before.
however , this has not been studied.
life-space mobility was assessed annually with the life-space assessment ( range 0-120 , higher scores indicate better life-space mobility ) .
the analyses were adjusted for age , gender , number of chronic conditions , cognitive impairment , lower extremity performance and education.
those with task modifications formed the middle group.
they showed no marked changes in life-space mobility during the first year , but significant decline during the second year.
conclusion : task modifications in walking may help community-dwelling older people to postpone life-space mobility decline.
emerging evidence has suggested a potential impact of gut microbiota on the pathophysiology of heart failure ( hf ) .
however , it is still unknown whether hf is associated with dysbiosis in gut microbiota.
we investigated the composition of gut microbiota in patients with hf to elucidate whether gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with hf.
the composition of gut microbial communities of hf patients was distinct from that of hc subjects in both unweighted and weighted unifrac analyses.
eubacterium rectale and dorea longicatena were less abundant in the gut microbiota of hf patients than in that of hc subjects.
compared to younger hf patients , older hf patients had diminished proportions of bacteroidetes and larger quantities of proteobacteria.
the genus faecalibacterium was depleted , while lactobacillus was enriched in the gut microbiota of older hf patients.
these results suggest that patients with hf harbor significantly altered gut microbiota , which varies further according to age.
new concept of heart-gut axis has a great potential for breakthroughs in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approach for hf.
it is essential to develop effective interventions aimed at ameliorating age-related cognitive decline.
previous studies found that effortful encoding benefits episodic memory in older adults.
however , to date it is unclear whether this benefit is different for individuals with strong versus weak executive functioning ( ef ) .
all participants performed a semantic and a perceptual incidental encoding task.
each encoding task was performed under four difficulty levels to establish different effort levels.
encoding was followed by a recognition task.
results showed that the high ef group benefitted from increased effort in both tasks.
however , the low ef group only showed a beneficial effect under low levels of effort.
the newly proposed clinico-radiological diagnostic criteria are based on characteristics of pain , joint mobility , and radiological assessment.
mean age and disease bilaterality were similar , with a predominance of female patients in the rpoh group ( p = @number@ ) .
there were significant differences between the @number@ groups in disease onset and aggravation , and intraoperative blood loss.
conclusion : at inclusion , soluble-ciadis weighted score was independently associated with a confirmed egfr less than @number@ ml / min per @number@ m.
the correlation between lncrnas expression and npc development has not been well identified in the recent literature.
recently , high-through put analysis reveals that loc100129148 is highly expressed in npc.
however , whether the aberrant expression of loc100129148 in npc is corrected with tumorigenesis or prognosis has not been investigated.
over-expressed loc100129148 favored , but silenced loc100129148 hampered cell proliferation in npc cells.
additionally , loc100129148 enhanced the klf12 expression through functioning as a competitive ' sponge ' for mir-539-5p.
thus , our study reports a novel mechanism underlying npc carcinogenesis , and provides a potential novel diagnosis and treatment biomarker for npc.
approximately @number@ million people in the world live with a debilitating hearing loss.
the most common conditions-age-related and noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss-are both progressive and , for the foreseeable future , neither curable nor reversible.
james got out of his car , carrying his cane in his hand , and walked with manor to the lab.
manor was surprised.
\ "that's opposite to what we typically think , \ " he remarks , looking back on the incident.
\ "intuitively , standing seems simpler than walking. \ "
but james had much more difficulty standing and was actually quite competent while in motion.
pinpointing where healthy brain aging leaves off and dementia begins is difficult.
is a slip in memory an expected outcome for a too-busy person or a warning of something else ?
the human population is getting older , and technology will play a key role in addressing the pressures this aging will place on healthcare systems.
our aim was to assess nutritional status among geriatric trauma patients.
further , discharge destination was documented.
all analyses were adjusted for age and gender.
results : a total of @percent@ of patients were malnourished and @percent@ were arm.
75-90-year-old adults living independently in central finland were interviewed (
progressive visual processing decline is a known factor in aging.
the present study investigates the evolution of visual expertise for printed stimuli with aging.
fifty-five participants of increasing age ( 20-30 , 40-50 , 60-70 , 75-85years old ) were recruited.
behavioral and eeg data were collected during a lexical decision task , in which words and symbol strings were presented.
results indicated a preservation of visual expertise with age , with larger n170 amplitude for words than for symbols.
moreover , a decrease in stimulus processing speed was observed as a function of age.
no difference in attentional demand as a function of stimulus was observed.
human reproductive fitness depends upon telomere chemistry.
maternal age , meiotic nondisjunction error and telomere length of mother of trisomic child are someway associated.
reports exhibiting maternal inheritance of telomere length in down syndrome child are very scanty.
telomere length was measured by restriction digestion - southern blotting technique.
meiotic nondisjunction error was detected by str genotyping.
subjects are classified by age ( old > 35 years and young ˂35 years ) and by meiotic error ( mi and mii ) .
linear regression was run to explore the age - telomere length relationship in each maternal groups.
the study reveals that with age , telomere erodes in length.
old mii mothers carry the shortest ( p˂0.001 ) , control mothers have the longest telomere and mi lies in between.
in patients with alzheimer's disease , seizures can hasten cognitive decline , highlighting the clinical relevance of early recognition and treatment.
moreover , studies in mouse models of alzheimer's disease suggest that certain classes of aeds that reduce network hyperexcitability have disease-modifying properties.
these aeds target mechanisms of epileptogenesis involving amyloid β and tau.
clinical trials targeting network hyperexcitability in patients with alzheimer's disease will identify whether aeds or related strategies could improve their cognitive symptoms or slow decline.
we observed no association with albuminuria.
in addition , tgf-β levels are associated with increased risk of cv events and mortality.
further research is needed to determine the direction of association between plasma tgf-β and the risk of ckd and ckd-associated morbidities in older adults.
background : although incidence rates are well documented for traumatic brain injury , lifetime prevalence in a demographically diverse sample is unknown.
we examined the prevalence of self-reported traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) in a demographically diverse sample.
logistic regression analyses examined the odds of tbi as a function of sex , race , poverty status , age quintile and their interactions.
conclusions : history of tbi is most prevalent in men , older african-americans in poverty , and younger whites in poverty.
preventive measures targeting relevant tbi risk factors in these populations are warranted.
all specimens were divided into eight test groups , and each test group was divided into two subgroups.
each subgroup was subjected to shear test before and after @number@ @number@ thermal cycles.
conclusions : different core materials and self-adhesive resin cements can significantly affect bond durability of zirconia ceramic. .
objective : provide an overview of how care needs in permanent residential aged care differ by dementia status.
methods : on entry into permanent residential aged care , people's care needs are assessed on the aged care funding instrument ( acfi ) .
acfi also captures health conditions that are considered to affect the cost of people's care , such as dementia.
data were compared between @number@ and @number@
results : assessed care needs have increased regardless of dementia status.
conclusion : dementia is associated with increased complexity in assessed care needs in permanent residential aged care.
the surveys were administered face-to-face at a date and time these participants went to the association.
the dependent variable of the study was the life satisfaction scale.
the study data were analysed using hierarchical regression analysis , and the three sets of regression models were run for each sex.
life satisfaction decreased as the frequency of the participants ' visits to turkey and years of living in sydney increased.
although these residues have a suspected role in protein cross-linking and aggregation , their direct implication has yet to be determined.
in addition , studies comparing long-term health conditions between patients with childhood- and adult-onset craniopharyngioma report conflicting results.
design : cross-sectional study based on retrospective data.
methods : we studied a single-centre cohort of @number@ patients with craniopharyngioma treated from @number@ onwards ( @number@ patients with childhood-onset disease ) .
median follow-up since craniopharyngioma presentation was @number@ years ( interquartile range : 5-23 years ) .
different initial craniopharyngioma treatment approaches resulted in similar long-term health effects.
recurrence- / progression-free survival was significantly lower after initial craniopharyngioma treatment with cyst aspiration compared with other therapeutic approaches.
survival was similar between patients with childhood- and adult-onset craniopharyngioma.
delaying the decline in skeletal muscle function will be critical to better maintenance of an active lifestyle in old age.
longer studies are needed to assess durability and tolerability.
this paper reviews the pathophysiology of type @number@ diabetes among older adults and the implications for hyperglycemia management in this population.
among them , those featuring a five-membered ring nucleobase are of utmost interest such as the anti-cancer agent aicar or the anti-viral drug ribavirin.
all these molecules have been fully characterized and evaluated against two aggressive tumor cell lines , rcc4 and mda-mb-231.
among them , nucleoside analogue @date@ belonging to the ribose series was found to be @number@ to 66-fold more active than aicar.
overall , patients with copd have a 2-3-fold increased risk of cvd as compared to age-matched controls when adjusted for tobacco smoking.
chronic heart failure ( hf ) is a frequent and important comorbidity which has a significant impact on prognosis in copd , and vice versa.
hf overlaps in symptoms and signs and has a common comorbidity with copd , so that diagnosis of copd is difficult in patients with hf.
the combination of hf and copd presents many therapeutic challenges including beta-blockers ( bbs ) and beta-agonists.
inhaled long-acting bronchodilators including beta2-agonists and anticholinergics for copd would not worsen hf.
diuretics are relatively safe , and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are preferred to treat hf accompanied with copd.
bbs are only relatively contraindicated in asthma , but not in copd.
encouraging appropriate and aggressive treatment for both hf and copd should be recommended to improve quality of life and mortality in hf patients with copd.
although there is a role for conservative management , surgical drainage remains the mainstay of current therapy.
current and potential strategies for the medical management of csdh are discussed.
pd-1 / pd-l1 blockade appears to be a very promising immunotherapy with significant clinical benefits and durable responses in multiple tumor types.
and more distressingly , most patients eventually develop acquired resistance after an initial response to pd-1 / pd-l1 blockade.
the mechanisms underlying primary and acquired resistance to pd-1 / pd-l1 blockade have remained ambiguous.
this review documents in detail the current understanding of the mechanisms through which resistance to anti-pd1 / pd-l1 therapy occurs.
the mechanism attributable to acquired resistance harbors evolution of neoantigen landscape , mutations of jak and β-2-microglobulin , and epigenetic stability of exhausted t cells.
at last , the promising therapeutic strategies to sensitize the resistant patients are also briefly discussed.
objectives : traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a common and debilitating injury that is particularly prevalent in patients over @number@
educational interventions can increase knowledge and influence preventative activity to decrease the likelihood of further tbi.
we sought to determine the efficacy of interactive tablet-based educational interventions in elderly patients on self-reported knowledge.
all participants significantly preferred the ebook ( p < 0.01 , @percent@ ci ) .
conclusions : we demonstrated that interactive educational interventions are effective in the elderly tbi population.
in turn , such hemodynamic deficits may adversely affect brain function and clinical course.
the goal of this study was to examine whether altered cerebral hemodynamics in depressed elders predicted antidepressant response.
participants then completed @number@ weeks of open-label sertraline.
results : @number@ participants remitted and @number@ did not.
after controlling for age and baseline madrs score , remitters exhibited lower cbf in the cacc and lower cvr in the cmfg.
limitations : our sample was small , did not include a placebo arm , and we examined only specific regions of interest.
conclusions : our findings suggest that increased perfusion of the ofc and the acc is associated with a poor antidepressant response.
they do not support that vascular pathology as measured by cbf and cvr negatively affects acute treatment outcomes.
apoe e4 allele was coded as either present or absent.
wmh progression was measured on mri over @number@ years in @number@ older adults , in a same-year-of-birth cohort.
this syndrome is associated with hypertension , cardiovascular disease , cognitive impairment and metabolic abnormalities , such as type @number@ diabetes.
continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) represents the gold standard therapy , but its benefit is still to be determined in very elderly.
we report the blood pressure and metabolic changes in a very elderly obese with severe osa after 3-month cpap therapy.
we have evaluated a very elderly obese male affected by severe symptomatic osa , poor controlled nocturnal hypertension and insulin resistance.
chronic oxidative stress is the major endogenous metabolic stress and contributes directly to telomere shortening and senescence.
understanding the dysfunction of telomeres under oxidative stress will greatly facilitate healthy aging and advance the treatment of aging-related diseases.
here , we describe the kr-tel ( killerred induced dna damage at telomeres ) system that induces site-specific oxidative damage at telomeres.
we have developed the kr-tel system by fusing killerred with the shelterin component trf1 ( kr-trf1 ) or other shelterin proteins.
this property of kr allows us to engineer oxidative damage specifically at the telomere in a light dose-dependent manner.
telomerase expression and activity appear elevated in > 80% of human cancers.
the telomeric repeat amplification protocol ( trap ) is a sensitive and accurate pcr-based assay for telomerase detection and measurement.
telomerase is present in most human cancers , and proliferative stem cells including germline cells.
telomerase plays an essential role in tumorigenesis by maintaining / elongating telomeric dna , and thus preventing the telomere shortening that results in replicative senescence.
understanding telomerase action in vivo has important implication for both cancer and aging , but there are not robust methods for monitoring telomerase action.
here , we describe this method using hela carcinoma cells as an example.
both telomere length and telomere g-tail length are altered in human diseases such as cancer and age-related diseases.
g-tail telomere hpa may be applicable for clinical diagnostics as well as drug target screening.
telomeres are ends of chromosomes that play an important part in the biology of eukaryotic cells.
continued optimization and development of technologies have enabled researchers to probe the mechanisms of telomere maintenance in ever expanding areas.
a combination of molecular , genetic , proteomic , and biochemical approaches has revealed the complex and coordinated action of telomerase and telomere-associated proteins.
background : reference ranges for testosterone are essential for making a diagnosis of hypogonadism in men.
generalized additive models and bland-altman analyses supported the use of normalizing equations for transformation between cohort-specific and cdc values.
normalizing equations , generated using passing-bablok regression , were used to generate harmonized values , which were used to derive standardized , age-specific reference ranges.
results : harmonization procedure reduced intercohort variation between testosterone measurements in men of similar ages.
age-specific harmonized testosterone concentrations in nonobese men were similar across cohorts and greater than in all men.
a substantial proportion of intercohort variation in testosterone levels is due to assay differences.
objective : this study sought to examine the relationship between nafld and diabetes and prediabetes in a large cohort based on chinese male elderly.
design : this was a retrospective cohort study that was followed up for ∼5 years.
setting : this study was conducted in beijing , china.
participants : chinese male elderly ( n = @number@ ) .
participants with diabetes / prediabetes at baseline were excluded.
main outcome measures : ultrasound was used for diagnosis of nafld.
results : mean age of the @number@ participants was @number@ ± @time@ .
the total 5-year incidence was @percent@ for diabetes and @percent@ for prediabetes.
participants with nafld at baseline had a higher incidence of both diabetes and prediabetes.
the rrs were closely related to bmi changes.
similar results were obtained when prediabetes was used as the dependent variable.
objective : to examine the association between baseline and 1-year concentrations of urea cycle metabolites and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in a case-cohort setting.
design : a case-cohort study was nested within the prevención con dieta mediterránea trial.
we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess metabolite levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up.
the primary cvd outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction , stroke and cardiovascular death.
setting : multicenter randomized trial in spain.
participants : participants were @number@ participants accruing @number@ events over @number@ years ' median follow-up.
main outcome measure : incident cvd.
we observed no significant association for 1-year changes in these ratios or any effect modification by the mediterranean diet ( md ) intervention.
conclusions : a higher baseline arginine / asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio was associated with lower cvd incidence in a high cardiovascular risk population.
the intervention with the md did not change 1-year levels of these metabolites.
with increased life expectancy , women will spend over three decades of life postmenopause.
the menopausal transition increases susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity , diabetes , cardiovascular disease , and cancer.
thus , it is more important than ever to develop effective hormonal treatment strategies to protect aging women.
in so doing , we provide a concise mechanistic discussion of some of the major tissue-specific roles of estrogens signaling through erα.
resveratrol , a natural compound found in grapes , became very popular for its suggested protective effects against aging.
it was reported to have similar positive effects on the human metabolism as caloric restriction.
sirtuins seem targeted by resveratrol to mediate its action on energy homeostasis.
in this study , we investigated the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on steroidogenesis in human adrenal h295r cells.
resveratrol was found to inhibit protein expression and enzyme activities of cyp17 and cyp21.
it did not alter cyp17 and cyp21 mrna expression , nor protein degradation.
overall , these properties of action together with recent clinical findings make resveratrol a candidate for the treatment of hyperandrogenic disorders such as pcos.
we assumed that the variance of dfa scaling exponent arises due to individual differences , time series length , and experimental error.
results showed that sample sizes required to achieve acceptable power of @percent@ are practically feasible , especially when using within-subject designs.
the results showed that the model adequately predicted the empirical pattern of results.
our power simulations could be used in conjunction with previous design guidelines in the literature when planning new gait variability experiments.
acute diarrhea leads to a substantial disease burden among the elderly worldwide.
however , in the context of increasingly aging trend in china , the prevalence of etiological agents among elderly diarrheal patients was undetermined.
demographic and clinical data for acute diarrhea among outpatients older than @number@ years were collected from @number@ participating hospitals from @number@ to @number@
stool specimens were collected and tested for @number@ enteric viruses and bacteria.
the proportion of outpatients positive for targeted pathogens was analyzed by residential areas and seasonal patterns.
among the @number@ patients enrolled , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were positive for any one of the @number@ study pathogens.
( @percent@ ) .
a strong seasonal pattern was observed for major pathogens of acute diarrhea among the elderly.
background : identifying individuals at risk for developing alzheimer disease ( ad ) is of utmost importance.
additional prospective validation of these results in non-us , non-white , and prospective community-based cohorts is necessary before clinical use.
conclusions : we have developed a phs for quantifying individual differences in age-specific genetic risk for ad.
within the cohorts studied here , polygenic architecture plays an important role in modifying ad risk beyond apoe.
with thorough validation , quantification of inherited genetic variation may prove useful for stratifying ad risk and as an enrichment strategy in therapeutic trials.
the four cohorts varied considerably in age , education , ethnicity / race , and apoe-e4 allele frequency.
overall , cumulative incidence was uniformly higher in nacc than in the population-based cohorts.
five-year incidence of dementia was negligible except for apoe-e4 / e4 individuals and those over @number@ y.
confidence limits for these estimates are often wide , particularly for apoe-e4 / e4 individuals and for the dementia outcome at @number@ y.
the underlying mechanisms to explain these findings are encapsulated in the term \ "timing hypothesis. \ "
extensive pathophysiologic studies have provided mechanistic evidence for the dichotomous effects of estrogen on coronary artery vasculature.
early in the atherosclerotic disease process , estrogen exerts protective effects on the endothelium and retards plaque formation.
late in the process , estrogen causes plaque erosion or rupture with subsequent thrombosis and acute coronary events.
analysis of the timing hypothesis in women examined in the women's health initiative primarily used chronologic age to assess divergent effects of estrogen.
objectives : to determine whether observed hearing loss ( ohl ) is associated with incident dementia in a multiethnic population.
design : prospective epidemiological cohort study.
setting : community in northern manhattan.
measurements : ohl was defined when the examiner observed it or according to self-reported hearing aid use.
a consensus panel diagnosed dementia using standard research criteria.
conclusion : ohl was associated with greater risk of incident dementia in a multiethnic cohort.
more study is needed to determine whether hl contributes to dementia and whether treating hl can reduce the risk of dementia.
it increases bone formation through osteoblast differentiation , cell adhesion , wnt signalling and collagen cross-linking.
we measured serum periostin with a new elisa optimised for human serum and plasma which recognises all known splice variants ( biomedica ) .
periostin was inversely correlated with tibia cortical thickness and density ( r @number@ @number@ both p = 0.003 ) .
when assessed within each age group these correlations were only significant at age 16-18 , except for pinp which was also significant over age @number@
processing western tonal music may yield distinct brain responses depending on the mode of the musical compositions.
during active listening decrease of theta- and gamma-frequency range activities occurred with increasing expertise in right posterior regions , possibly reflecting enhanced processing efficiency.
using mri-navigated tms and multichannel eeg , we compared the eeg-mep interactions observed in healthy aged subjects with those observed in young volunteers.
conversely , only in young participants was the mep size modulated when the m1 and homolateral parieto-occipital cortices were coupled in the delta band.
the elderly didn't show this kind of pattern.
importantly , this coupling was significantly higher in elderly brains than in young brains , both for high and low meps.
our results suggest an age-related significant influence of time-varying coupling of spatially patterned eeg rhythms on motor cortex excitability in response to tms.
context : the proportion of patients disenrolling from hospice before death has increased over the decade with significant variations across hospice types and regions.
such trends have raised concerns about live disenrollment's effect on care quality.
live disenrollment may be driven by factors other than patient preference and may create discontinuities in care , disrupting ongoing patient-provider relationships.
researchers have not explored when and how providers make this decision with patients.
objective : the objective of this study was to ascertain provider perspectives on key drivers of live discharge from the medicare hospice program.
methods : we conducted semistructured telephone interviews with @number@ individuals representing @number@ hospice providers across the country.
transcriptions were coded and analyzed using a template analysis approach.
participants emphasized challenges underlying each decision to discharge patients alive , stressing that there often exists a gray line between appropriate and inappropriate discharges.
discussions also focused on scenarios in which financial motivations drive enrollment and disenrollment practices.
conclusion : this study provides significant contributions to existing knowledge about hospice enrollment and disenrollment patterns.
nonetheless , α-klotho is also expressed in the brain parenchyma.
here we summarize what is known about brain α-klotho before focusing on the outstanding scientific questions related to its function.
the mechanism by which the human kl-vs variant affects cognition also requires further elucidation.
to help address these questions we suggest some experimental approaches that other laboratories might consider.
falls are a serious health problem in the aging population.
the main inclusion criterion for study was a baseline serum 25ohd < 20ng / ml ( 50nmol / l ) .
a history of falls was collected at baseline and fall events were collected every @number@ months.
results showed that the effect of vitamin d on falls followed a u-shaped curve whether analyzed by dose or serum 25ohd levels.
in the subgroup with a fall history , fall rates were @percent@ on low dose , @percent@ on medium doses and @percent@ on higher doses.
fall rates on high doses were increased compared to medium doses ( odds ratio @date@ % ci : @date@ @number@ ) .
the accuracy of predictive equations for calculating resting energy expenditure ( ree ) in elderly people has been questioned.
aging is associated with progressive declines in ree , which partly is explained by loss of fat free mass ( ffm ) .
ffm was derived from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry analyses.
our results indicate that the mifflin-st jeor equation ( using ffm ) is the most accurate equation estimating ree in these octogenarian men.
harris-benedict or who equations are potential alternatives if information on ffm is unavailable , although their accuracy on an individual level is limited.
2- [ 4- ( ) phenoxy ] -2-methyl-propionic acid ( mhy908 ) has been shown to prevent insulin resistance-induced hyperinsulinemia in aged rats.
however , the mechanism underlying mhy908-mediated amelioration of renal inflammation with insulin resistance during aging remains unknown.
we found that mhy908-fed old rats suppressed phosphorylation of irs / akt and induced foxo1 activation , leading to increased expression of mnsod and catalase.
in addition , in insulin-treated cells , mhy908 prevented the foxo1 inactivation and increased the expression of mnsod and catalase by inactivating irs and akt.
in contrast , nf-κb signaling pathway decreased with mhy908 treatment in insulin-treated cells.
in conclusion , mhy908 improved the hyperinsulinemia-induced pro-inflammatory response through nf-κb inactivation and foxo1 activation in aged rat kidneys.
these phenomena suggest that pparα activation by mhy908 attenuates nox4-derived ros generation in response to insulin.
fv over limb muscles modulates neurophysiological oscillations enhancing excitability of contralateral s1-m1 in healthy volunteers.
the proposed mechanism may explain the clinical effects of vibratory rehabilitation in neurological patients with motor deficits.
bilingualism has been found to delay onset of dementia and this has been attributed to an advantage in executive control in bilinguals.
however , the relationship between bilingualism and cognition is complex , with costs as well as benefits to language functions.
to conclude , bilingualism delays the age at onset in the behavioral but not in the aphasic variants of ftd.
among cpcs , cd34 + cells ( cd34 + cpcs ) seem to predict outcome in cv disease , also in elderly people.
a decline in cd34 + cpcs was reported with advancing age.
moreover , aging is associated with a state of chronic inflammation , influencing life expectancy.
moreover , by dividing our patients into tertiles based on age reached , this difference was more remarkable the higher the age reached.
west nile virus ( wnv ) infection is mainly asymptomatic but can be severe in elderly persons.
age was not a significant seroconversion factor.
our findings suggest that immune factors affect seroconversion.
the mapk signaling pathway was hypermethylated with age , consistent with a defective mapk signaling in aging t cells.
conclusion : age-associated dna methylation changes may alter regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways that predispose to autoimmunity.
multiple potentially modifiable cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors have been associated with this disease.
thus , modifying these risk factors and identifying protective factors represent important strategies to prevent and delay disease onset and to decrease the social burden.
based on the cognitive reserve hypothesis , evidence from epidemiological studies shows that low education and cognitive inactivity constitute major risk factors for dementia.
this indicates that a cognitively active lifestyle may protect against cognitive decline or delay the onset of dementia.
this programme , called \ "braincoach \ " , includes the technique of \ "motivational interviewing \ " to foster behaviour change.
study design : cross-sectional.
setting : home settings in southern sweden.
methods : data from the swedish aging with spinal cord injury study ( sascis ) .
associations were analyzed statistically using hierarchical multivariable regression.
results : twenty-nine percent reported no ltpa , whereas @percent@ performed moderate-to-heavy intensity ltpa.
the most frequently performed activities were walking and wheeling.
age and wheelchair use were significantly , negatively associated with total ltpa.
conclusion : many older adults with long-term sci do not reach the amount or intensity of ltpa needed to achieve fitness benefits.
research is needed on how to increase ltpa and to identify modifiable factors that could enhance their participation.
today more men work in the long-term care sector , but men are still in the minority.
little is known about men's experiences in care work , and the dilemmas and opportunities they face because of their gender.
experts in these @number@ arenas need to be cognizant of the overlap in constructs , diagnosis , and treatment of frailty and malnutrition.
there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of malnutrition and how it should be assessed.
while there is consensus on the definition of frailty , there is no agreement on how it should be measured.
separate assessment tools exist for both malnutrition and frailty ; however , there is intersection between concepts and measures.
the potential for identification of a minimal set of objective measures to identify , or at least consider risk for both conditions , is proposed.
a better understanding of how these conditions overlap may improve treatment strategies for frail , malnourished , older adults.
although the hippocampus experiences age-related anatomical and functional deterioration , the effects of aging vary across hippocampal-dependent cognitive processes.
spatial pattern separation supports spatial memory by preserving unique representations for distinct locations.
spatial relational processing forms relational representations of objects to locations or between objects and other objects in space.
there were no association between education and apoee4 and cerebellar volume or cerebellar atrophy across the diagnostic groups.
conclusion : cerebellar atrophy contributes to alzheimer's clinical progression but mostly at the late stage of the disease.
this suggests that cerebellar involvement is secondary to cerebral involvement and can be due to network connection spread regardless of the primary pathology.
hum brain mapp , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
hum brain mapp 38 : 3141-3150 , @number@ © @number@ the authors human brain mapping published by wiley periodicals , inc.
hum brain mapp 38 : 3141-3150 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
however , the o + group's performance was comparable to the o- group on all other neurocognitive tests ( ps > @number@ ) .
future studies should examine whether hiv-infected adults over @number@ evidence accelerated aging in downstream neurocognitive domains and subsequent everyday functioning outcomes.
methods : patients from both subgroups received surgical indication according to the same criteria.
both subgroups underwent a cervical spine mri in 2004-2005 and @number@ years later in @number@
these mri scans were retrospectively evaluated with a cervical spine ageing scale.
massive hemoptysis is a medical emergency and needs immediate treatment.
it occurs in a wide variety of pulmonary diseases and typically originates from the bronchial arteries.
in this case , multi-detector computed tomography was useful for clarifying the etiology and the abnormal anastomosis and facilitated effective angiographic embolization.
autosomal dominant mutations in background : studies have documented gender differences associated with concussion.
the purpose of this study was to determine if these gender differences are also noted within a pediatric population.
methods : this prospective study analyzed @number@ patients who had completed preconcussion and postconcussion neuropsychological testing within the washington , dc , area.
results : our results showed that children and adolescents with concussion exhibit gender differences with respect to risk factors , recovery , and symptomatology.
postconcussive cognitive function also differs by gender.
these findings remain unchanged among pediatric patients aged ≥14 years ; however , no gender differences were noted in individuals aged ≤13 years.
conclusions : the present data suggests fadd as a putative biomarker for pathological processes associated with the course of clinical dementia.
paf-ah genotypes were determined by pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
conclusions : there were no significant associations between r92h and a379v variants of paf-ah gene and risk of pcos in chinese women.
certain cellular proteins normally soluble in the living organism under certain conditions form aggregates with a specific cross-β sheet structure called amyloid.
amyloid diseases ( amyloidoses ) are widespread in the elderly human population , a rapidly expanding demographic in many global populations.
increasing age is the most significant risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases associated with amyloid plaques.
objective : the authors sought to identify risk factors for repeat self-harm and completed suicide over the following year among adults with deliberate self-harm.
hazard ratios of repeat self-harm and suicide were estimated by cox proportional hazard models.
conclusions : adults treated for deliberate self-harm frequently repeat self-harm in the following year.
obsessive-compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a polygenic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors that cause distress.
the pathogenic repeat expansion [ ggggcc ] posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) is diagnosed based on neuroradiological findings.
typically , pres is reversible and presents with a good outcome ; however , fatal outcomes have been reported.
neurological examination revealed disturbed consciousness , muscle weakness in all extremities , and bilaterally diminished tendon reflexes.
brain fluid attenuated inversion recovery mri showed multiple bilateral hyper-intensity areas in the posterior white matter and left corona radiate.
she died of respiratory arrest within 24h after pres diagnosis.
cerebral herniation and diffuse cerebral edema due to vascular endothelial dysfunction were concluded to be the cause of death.
these pathological findings may aid in the pathophysiological recognition of acute-stage pres.
background : age-related decline in kidney function can be an important risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults.
cognitive functioning was assessed during the household interview using a version of the digit symbol substitution test of the wechsler adult intelligence scale iii.
results : of @number@ older adults , @number@ were having cognitive impairment ( weighted prevalence , @time@ % ) .
cognitive functioning scores were significantly decreasing with increasing levels of kidney dysfunction markers.
mechanisms underlying the observed association need to be further characterized.
plants / plant-derived components have been used from ancient times to treat / cure several human diseases.
plants and their parts possess several chemical components that play the vital role in the improvement of human health and their life expectancy.
allopathic medicines have been playing a key role in the treatment of several diseases.
though allopathic medicines provide fast relief , long time consumption cause serious health concerns such as hyperallergic reactions , liver damage , etc.
so , the study of medicinal plants which rarely cause any side effect is very important to mankind.
plants contain many health benefit properties like antioxidant , anti-aging , neuroprotective , anti-genotoxic , anti-mutagenic and bioinsecticidal activity.
thus , identification of pharmacological properties of plants / plant-derived components are of utmost importance to be explored.
several model organisms have been used to identify the pharmacological properties of the different plants or active components therein and drosophila is one of them.
most of the developmental and cell signaling pathways and ∼75% human disease-related genes are conserved between human and drosophila.
the current review focuses on the potential of drosophila melanogaster for the identification of medicinal / pharmacological properties associated with plants / plant-derived components.
cervical cancer accounts for the second most frequent cancer and also third leading cause of cancer mortality ( @percent@ ) among women worldwide.
the major problems of chemotherapeutic treatment in cervical cancer are non-specific cytotoxicity and drug resistance.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were tested in the morning and @number@ ( @percent@ ) in the afternoon.
conclusions : time-of-day appears to affect cognitive performance of older patients after they undergo tia and minor stroke.
in this study , we sought to determine the molecular and behavioral consequences of kalirin reduction in appswe / psen1de9 mice.
we evaluated mice with and without kalirin reduction during tasks measuring psychosis-associated behaviors and spatial memory.
we found that kalirin reduction in appswe / psen1de9 mice significantly attenuated psychosis-associated behavior at @number@ months of age without changing spatial memory performance.
however , this inverse relationship has recently been challenged , and the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of apoe genotype on alzheimer's disease remain unclear.
the results indicated that the apoeε2 and apoeε4 alleles produced convergent effects in the right afc network but divergent effects in the left afc network.
as age increased , apoeε2 carriers showed stable afc , whereas apoeε4 carriers exhibited decreased afc in all participants.
furthermore , mediation analysis revealed that connectivity strength regulates the effects of apoe genotype and age on cognitive function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients.
our findings suggest that the apoeε2 and apoeε4 alleles produce both convergent and divergent topological effects on brain function.
this indicates that while females undergo slower involution than males , they ultimately attain similar phenotypes.
these findings suggest that even low-dose-radiation exposure can accelerate thymic aging , with decreased thymopoiesis relative to nonexposed controls evident years after exposure.
these data were used to develop a model that can predict thymic function during normal aging or in individuals therapeutically or accidentally exposed to radiation.
less attention is given to the choice of statistical techniques that are used to test the hypotheses associated with the data.
this paper addresses how different statistical techniques compare the prevalence of age-related skeletal indicators , specifically osteoarthritis.
importance : oxidative stress is an established dementia pathway , but it is unknown if the use of antioxidant supplements can prevent dementia.
objective : to determine if antioxidant supplements ( vitamin e or selenium ) used alone or in combination can prevent dementia in asymptomatic older men.
the preadvise trial recruited @number@ men , of whom @number@ continued into the cohort study.
interventions : participants were randomized to vitamin e , selenium , vitamin e and selenium , or placebo.
while taking study supplements , enrolled men visited their select site and were evaluated for dementia using a 2-stage screen.
during the cohort study , men were contacted by telephone and assessed using an enhanced 2-stage cognitive screen.
in both phases , men were encouraged to visit their physician if the screen results indicated possible cognitive impairment.
dementia incidence ( @number@ of @number@ men [ @percent@ ] ) was not different among the @number@ study arms.
conclusions and relevance : neither supplement prevented dementia.
to our knowledge , this is the first study to investigate the long-term association of antioxidant supplement use and dementia incidence among asymptomatic men.
objective : to examine patterns of neurodegeneration in individuals with snap compared with their aβ + counterparts.
in cognitively normal individuals , neurodegeneration biomarkers did not differ between aβ-n + and aβ + n + cases.
background : poor growth and micronutrient deficiency mainly attack older infants and young children.
methods : baseline and follow-up cross-sectional surveys were conducted before and after a nutrition intervention program in @number@ national poverty counties in china.
representative children were selected by probability proportional to size sampling methods to assess compliance of yyb and the intervention efficacy.
a questionnaire was designed to collect data on basic characteristics of children , breastfeeding , 24-hour dietary intake , and consumption and appetite of yyb.
anthropometrics and hemoglobin were measured in the field , and anemia prevalence was evaluated.
venous blood was drawn from children aged 12-35 months to evaluate micronutrient status.
logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for children's anemia.
trial registration : chinese clinical trial registry chictr-ooc-16008846.
we evaluated cerebellar subregional metabolic alterations in patients with cerebellar ataxia , a representative disease involving the spinocerebellum.
sca type @number@ showed lower metabolic ratios in almost all cerebellar subregions ( ant , @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ ) except infv.
diabetes mellitus is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality in any human community.
different corneal components ( epithelium , nerves , immune cells and endothelium ) underpin specific systemic complications of diabetes.
in addition , alterations of immune cells in corneas suggest an inflammatory component in diabetic complications.
furthermore , impaired corneal epithelial wound healing may also imply more widespread disease.
the non-invasiveness and improvement in imaging technology facilitates the emergence of new screening tools.
systemic control of diabetes can improve ocular surface health , possibly aided by anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective agents.
aims : type @number@ diabetes , hyperinsulinemia , and insulin resistance are associated with cognitive impairment.
experimental studies indicate that insulin signaling in the brain is related to cognitive performance.
here we evaluated whether insulin-related variables contribute to the variance in cognitive performance among individuals with type @number@ diabetes.
methods : a total of @number@ individuals with type @number@ diabetes ( mean age 62±8years , hba1c @number@.9±1.1% ) completed a neuropsychological test battery.
background : metabolic profiles have been shown to provide prognostic information in patients with heart failure ( hf ) .
galectin-3 ( gal-3 ) , indicating cardiac fibrosis , is a documented biomarker of prognosis in hf.
it is unknown whether metabolic profiles provide prognostic value better than gal-3.
endpoints were composite events ( death / hf-related re-hospitalization ) .
the median of metabolic scores and gal-3 levels were @number@ ( @number@.3-5.2 ) and @number@.8ng / ml ( @number@.7-100ng / ml ) , respectively.
during a follow-up period of @number@.2±1.4 years , there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) composite events.
conclusions : metabolic profile provides prognostic value for hf patients better than gal-3.
many genes have been found to be pathogenic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
among them , the domain containing @number@ ( chchd10 ) has been reported to play a controversial role in als.
the mutation ( g.877c > t , p.p23l ) has been previously reported in a chinese frontotemporal dementia patient.
for the association analysis of whole-genome sequencing ( wgs ) studies , we propose an efficient and fast spatial-clustering algorithm.
in comparison to consecutive , fixed-window approaches , our approach is likely to group nearby variants together.
our algorithm defines consecutive genomic regions based on the physical positions of the variants , assuming an inhomogeneous poisson process and groups together nearby variants.
an r-implementation of the algorithm is provided.
our analysis identifies a region in the itgb3 gene that potentially harbors disease susceptibility loci for alzheimer's disease.
the region-based association signal of itgb3 replicates in an independent data set and achieves formally genome-wide significance.
software implementation : an implementation of the algorithm in r is available at : @url@
homogenous criteria have been addressed in reviews of other alzheimer's disease biomarkers.
there is adequate evidence that the main aims of phases @number@ ( rationale for use ) and @number@ ( discriminative ability ) have been achieved.
phase @number@ studies ( quantification of impact and costs ) are still to come.
this review highlights the priorities to be pursued to enable the proper use of amyloid pet imaging in a clinical setting.
future investigations will primarily be large , phase @number@ studies that will assess the utility of amyloid pet imaging in routine clinical practice.
phase @number@ aims ( early detection ability ) are partly achieved.
phase @number@ studies ( routine use in prodromal patients ) are ongoing , and only preliminary results can be extrapolated from retrospective observations.
phase @number@ studies ( quantify impact and costs ) have not been performed.
a literature review on visual assessment of mta and hippocampal volumetry was conducted with other biomarkers addressed in parallel reviews.
ample evidence is available for phase @number@ ( rationale for use ) and phase @number@ ( discriminative ability between diseased and control subjects ) .
in phase @number@ only the practical feasibility has been addressed for visual rating of mta.
the rest of phase @number@ and phase @number@ have not yet been addressed.
although alzheimer's disease criteria promote the use of biomarkers , their maturity in clinical routine still needs to be assessed.
evidence about phase @number@ ( performance in real world ) and phase @number@ ( quantify impact and costs ) is yet to come.
administration procedures have been standardized and cutoff scores are well validated in large alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impaired series.
some aspects ( e.g. , different task formats ) , however , hamper the comparability of results among different populations and the reproducibility between laboratories.
no definite guideline for their use can thus be proposed at the moment.
biomarkers for the diagnosis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are not yet validated for use in clinical settings.
we aim to provide a methodological framework for their systematic validation , by reference to that developed for oncology biomarkers.
however , the inclusion of ad biomarkers in clinical criteria poses socioethical challenges.
biomarkers of brain amyloidosis and neurodegeneration / synaptic dysfunction are featured in recent diagnostic criteria for alzheimer's disease.
several gaps in our knowledge , however , need to be filled before they can be adopted clinically.
the roadmap was devised by identifying current evidence of validity , still missing evidence , and action needed to collect this missing evidence.
with appropriate adaptation to local , country-specific circumstances , the roadmap can be translated to other countries.
evidence on the pharmacotherapy of late-life major depressive disorder ( lld ) is scant.
most of the recommendations in existing clinical guidelines are based on expert opinions , extrapolations from data obtained in younger patients , or theoretical considerations.
areas covered : this article summarizes the recommendations from existing clinical guidelines and recent reviews on the treatment of lld.
then , it presents evidence pertaining to the use of ketamine , aripiprazole , brexpiprazole , quetiapine , and methylphenidate in the treatment of lld.
more studies addressing the relative efficacy , tolerability , and safety of psychotropic medications are needed.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) constitutes a genetic disease wherein an aging phenotype manifests in childhood.
recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species ( ros ) play important roles in hgps phenotype progression.
thus , pharmacological reduction in ros levels has been proposed as a potentially effective treatment for patient with this disorder.
to elucidate the underlying mechanism of rock in regulating ros levels , we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and discovered that rock1 interacts with rac1b.
rock activation phosphorylated rac1b at ser71 and increased ros levels by facilitating the interaction between rac1b and cytochrome c.
conversely , rock inactivation with y-27632 abolished their interaction , concomitant with ros reduction.
additionally , rock activation resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction , whereas rock inactivation with y-27632 induced the recovery of mitochondrial function.
furthermore , a reduction in the frequency of abnormal nuclear morphology and dna double-strand breaks was observed along with decreased ros levels.
skeletal aging results in apoptosis of osteocytes , cells embedded in bone that control the generation / function of bone forming and resorbing cells.
aging also decreases connexin43 ( cx43 ) expression in bone ; and osteocytic cx43 deletion partially mimics the skeletal phenotype of old mice.
particularly , aging and cx43 deletion increase osteocyte apoptosis , and osteoclast number and bone resorption on endocortical bone surfaces.
we examined herein the molecular signaling events responsible for osteocyte apoptosis and osteoclast recruitment triggered by aging and cx43 deficiency.
little is known about whether acp outside of a trial accomplishes this.
the objective was to examine patient and surrogate reports of acp engagement and associations with surrogate knowledge of goals.
design : cohort study setting : primary care in a veterans affairs medical center.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling veterans age ≥55 years and the individual they would choose to make medical decisions on their behalf , interviewed separately.
surrogates had knowledge if they correctly predicted all @number@ responses.
for each activity , sizeable proportions ( 18-34% ) disagreed about participation.
this relationship persisted in multivariable analysis.
agreement about other acp activities was not associated with knowledge.
conclusion : disagreement about acp participation was common.
agreement about communication regarding qol was modestly associated with surrogate knowledge of treatment goals.
eliciting surrogates ' perspectives is critical to acp.
even dyads who agree about participation may need additional support for successful engagement.
with the aging of the population and the development of imaging technology , the morbidity and diagnostic rates of wmls are increasing annually.
wmls are not a benign process.
they clinically manifest as cognitive decline and the subsequent development of dementia.
although wmls are important , their pathogenesis is still unclear.
in particular , the attribution of wmls to chronic ischemia secondary to venous collagenosis and cerebral blood flow autoregulation disruption seems reasonable.
with the development of gene technology , the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of wmls is gaining gradual attention.
rab1b has recently been reported to be involved in human cancer , but the role of rab1b in colorectal cancer ( crc ) remains unclear.
in this study , we investigated the expression of rab1b and mmp9 in crc by qrt-pcr , immunoblot and immunohistochemistry and analyzed the clinical significance.
the high protein expression of rab1b and mmp9 in @number@ crc tissues is associated with deep tumor invasion , lymph-node metastasis and advanced tnm stage.
in conclusion , rab1b and mmp9 are potential prognostic biomarkers and their combination significantly improves predictive power for survival and chemotherapy response in crc patients.
inhibition of akt-mtor signaling protects from obesity and extends life span in animals.
we demonstrate that diras3 knock-down ( kd ) in ascs induces activation of akt-mtor signaling and proliferation arrest.
diras3 kd ascs lose the potential to form colonies and are negative for ki-67.
moreover , silencing of diras3 results in a premature senescence phenotype.
restricted to walking pace , will play still be engaging ?
will health benefits be retained ?
will physical demands remain manageable ?
highlights walking football is a lower impact but authentic form of football that enables older players to extend their active participation.
walking football is enjoyable and moderately demanding and may be a sustainable form of exercise for older adults.
health and cognitive benefits to playing walking football were not found.
heme ( iron protoporphyrin ix ) is an essential protein prosthetic group and signaling molecule required for most life on earth.
all heme-dependent processes require the dynamic and rapid mobilization of heme from sites of synthesis or uptake to hemoproteins present in virtually every subcellular compartment.
the cytotoxicity and hydrophobicity of heme necessitate that heme mobilization be carefully controlled to mitigate the deleterious effects of this essential toxin.
however , the molecules and mechanisms that mediate heme transport and trafficking , and the dynamics of these processes , are poorly understood.
this is in large part due to the lack of physical tools for probing cellular heme.
serum proteomics analysis may lead to the discovery of novel osteoporosis biomarkers.
change in bmd was determined from mixed effects regression models taking age and weight into account.
it allows the regulation of multiple cellular processes including protein and lipid synthesis , ribosome biogenesis , autophagy and metabolic processes.
being conserved across different phyla , tor regulates longevity of various organisms in response to dietary conditions.
in this review we described the main components of the tor pathway and its upstream effectors and downstream processes in relation to aging.
it is also noted that the spatial topography of tau accumulation is markedly distinct to that of amyloid burden in aging and ad.
tau pet imaging has also revealed characteristic spatial patterns among various non-ad tauopathies , supporting its potential role for differential diagnosis.
the aim of this study was to ascertain the physical activity and nutritional parameters that better predict cardiovascular risk in a cohort of older women.
a cross-sectional study was designed including @number@ women able to independently perform basic activities of daily life.
data collection included anthropometric measurement , blood pressure measurement , blood analytics , objectively measurement of physical activity , and dietary assessment.
we were able to generate models that explain the relationship between physical activity , diet , and these health measurement parameters.
locus of control ( loc ) measures the extent to which individuals perceive control over their lives.
reduced internal loc and increased external loc have been found in cognitive disorders , but the neural substrates of these control perceptions are yet unknown.
we found significantly lower internal loc and higher external loc in the mci group than the hc group.
our findings indicate that the right amygdala networks might be critical in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying loc's role in cognitive aging.
muscle loss is a typical process of aging.
green tea consumption is known to slow down the progress of aging.
their underlying mechanisms , however , remain largely unknown.
taz-knockdown does not stimulate egcg-induced myogenic differentiation.
egcg facilitates the interaction between taz and myod , which stimulates myod-mediated gene transcription.
egcg induces nuclear localization of taz through the dephosphorylation of taz at its ser89 residue , which relieves 14-3-3 binding in the cytosol.
interestingly , inactivation of lats kinase is observed after egcg treatment , which is responsible for the production of dephosphorylated taz.
together , these results suggest that egcg induces myogenic differentiation through taz , suggesting that taz plays an important role in egcg induced muscle regeneration.
recent research has used source estimation approaches to identify spatially distinct neural configurations in individuals with chronic , subjective tinnitus ( ti ) .
comprehensive psychopathological ( depression and tinnitus-related distress scores ) and psychometric data ( including other tinnitus characteristics ) were gathered.
a principal component analysis ( pca ) was performed to unveil independent factors that predict distinct aspects of tinnitus-related pathology.
behavioral data revealed significant relationships between measurements of depression and tinnitus-related distress.
notably , no significant results were observed for the depressive scores and modulations of the eeg signal.
however , akin to the former study we evidenced a significant relationship between a power increase in the β-bands and tinnitus-related distress.
muscle and coordination training are recommended to the patients as general measures.
we inquired whether sling training is better than traditional physiotherapy in relieving pain and improving abilities of daily living.
methods : fifty patients with osteoporosis were divided into two groups.
group a performed conventional physiotherapy , while group b performed sling training exercises.
data were collected before and after the intervention and after @number@ months.
the registered parameters were stamina , posture , and pain.
furthermore , the factors that exerted a positive impact on the success of therapy were registered.
results : forty-four patients ( @percent@ ) completed the study.
positive effects of the training were noted in both groups , but significantly better effects were observed in the group that performed sling training.
a reduction of pain independent of the number of fractures , significantly reduced torques , and reduced muscle strength were registered.
sling training was more effective in that than traditional physiotherapy.
kynurenine pathway ( kp ) is the primary path of tryptophan ( trp ) catabolism in most mammalian cells.
transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) modulates human behavior , neuronal patterns , and metabolite concentrations , with exciting potential for neurorehabilitation.
clinical studies show that aging and hypertension significantly increase prevalence of cmhs.
cmhs are also now recognized by the national institutes of health as a major factor in alzheimer's disease pathology.
moreover , the presence of cmhs is an independent risk factor for subsequent larger intracerebral hemorrhages.
in this article , we review the epidemiology , detection , risk factors , clinical significance , and pathogenesis of cmhs.
the arc of scientific progress is now requiring a change in how we diagnose alzheimer's disease.
recent studies have suggested that ikigai impacts on mortality.
however , its impact upon disability is unknown.
the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between ikigai and incident functional disability among elderly persons.
methods : we conducted a prospective cohort study of @number@ japanese elderly persons aged ≥70 years as a comprehensive geriatric assessment in @number@
information on ikigai was collected by self-reported questionnaire.
data on functional disability were retrieved from the public long-term care insurance database in which participants were followed up for @number@ years.
results : the 11-year incidence of functional disability was @percent@ ( @number@ cases ) .
conclusion : a stronger degree of ikigai is significantly associated with a lower risk of incident functional disability.
the simplicity and effectiveness of calorie restriction ( cr ) in lifespan and healthspan extension have fascinated generations searching for the fountain of youth.
this reduction has long been viewed as a result of passive slowing of metabolism.
epigenetic variation with age is one of the most important hallmarks of aging.
resetting or repairing the epigenome of aging cells in intact animals may rejuvenate the cells and perhaps the entire organism.
apparently , such reprogramming is capable of completely resetting the epigenome.
however , attempts to fully reprogram differentiated cells in adult animals have failed in part because reprogramming leads to the formation of teratomas.
however , whatever epigenetic repair is induced by transient reprogramming does not endure and may be due to the induction of key homeostatic regulators instead.
some of the effect of transient reprogramming may result from increased proliferation and enhanced function of adult stem cells.
partial reprogramming may point the way to new antiaging and proregenerative therapeutics.
redifferentiation of cells into their preexisting phenotype with simultaneous epigenomic rejuvenation is an interesting variation that also should be pursued.
however , discovery of methods to more precisely repair the epigenome is the most likely avenue to the development of powerful new antiaging agents.
aim : we evaluated the prognostic value of vasohibin-1 ( vash1 ) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
the association between vash1 expression in the tumour and clinical outcomes was analyzed statistically.
therefore , we examined the association between vash1 expression in the tumour and clinical outcomes.
patients with high vash1 expression in tumour had significantly shorter disease-free survival and more frequently had lymph node recurrence than those with low vash1 expression.
methods : our study included @number@ individuals born in norway 1940-1950.
all children were followed up for cancer from the age of @number@ until they were between @number@ and @number@ years.
for other smoking-related cancers , the risk was lower.
no increased risk was observed for non-smoking-related cancers.
conclusion : offspring of long-lived parents have lower risk of developing cancer compared with offspring of short-lived parents.
intergenerational transmission of risk factors from parents to offspring may play an important role , especially for tobacco-related cancers.
however , genetic factors cannot be ruled out , since consistent evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behaviour.
neuroimaging biomarkers differ between patients with early-onset alzheimer's disease ( eoad ) and late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
whether these changes reflect cognitive heterogeneity or differences in disease severity is still unknown.
both patient groups were impaired on tasks assessing verbal and visual recognition memory.
eoad patients showed greater executive and linguistic deficits , while load patients showed greater semantic memory impairment.
in eoad and load , hypometabolism involved the bilateral temporoparietal junction and the posterior cingulate cortex.
in eoad , atrophy was widespread , including frontotemporoparietal areas , whereas it was limited to temporal regions in load.
atrophic volumes were greater in eoad than in load.
hypometabolic volumes were similar in the @number@ groups.
the current study tested the hypothesis of an association between brain aging and synaptic protein loss across males and females.
univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that psd-95 significantly increased in aged females and syp significantly decreased in males , but gep was stable.
objectives : to determine the effect of chronic disorders and their co-occurrence on survival and functioning in community-dwelling older adults.
design : population-based cohort study.
setting : kungsholmen , stockholm , sweden.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older examined by physicians four times over @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
results : approximately one in four deaths were attributable to cardiovascular and one in six to neuropsychiatric diseases.
malignancy was the condition with the shortest survival time ( @number@ years ) .
malignancies and cardiovascular disorders each accounted for approximately @number@ years of life lost.
finally , people with multimorbidity lived @percent@ of their remaining years of life with disability ( median @number@ years ) .
conclusion : survival in older adults differs in length and quality depending on specific conditions.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : memphis , tennessee and pittsburgh , pennsylvania.
participants : community-dwelling , initially well-functioning adults aged 70-79 years ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : protein intake ( g / kg body weight / d ) was calculated using an interviewer-administered 108-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline.
mobility limitation was assessed semi-annually and defined as reporting any difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing @number@ steps on @number@ consecutive 6-month contacts.
during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) developed mobility limitations.
conclusion : lower protein intake was associated with increased risk of mobility limitation in community-dwelling , initially well-functioning older adults.
these results suggest that protein intakes of ≥1.0 g / kg body weight / d may be optimal for maintaining physical function in older adults.
commencing in @number@ the medicare access and chip reauthorization act ( macra ) of @number@ will change how medicare pays health professionals.
in @date@ , cms released the first of what stakeholders anticipate will be a number of ( annual ) rules related to implementation of macra.
cms received extensive input from stakeholders including the american geriatrics society.
under the quality payment program , cms streamlined multiple medicare value-based payment programs into a new merit-based incentive payment system ( mips ) .
cms also outlined how it will provide incentives for participation in advanced alternative payment models ( called apms ) .
given the current paucity of eligible apms , this article will focus on mips while providing a brief overview of apms.
setting : data used in this study were collected as part of longitudinal research at the university of california , davis alzheimer's disease center.
when controlling for baseline cognitive abilities , the effect remained significant for self- and informant-reported functional limitations.
conclusion : deficits in everyday memory and executive function domains were the strongest predictors of diagnostic conversion to mci.
detection of early functional limitations may be clinically useful in assessing the future risk of developing cognitive impairment in cognitively normal older adults.
the initiative identified medical schools with the necessary components for training academic geriatricians.
jahf grants provided the resources to create a cadre of physicians whose research , teaching and practice leads to substantial contributions in geriatrics.
importance : pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition , the prevalence of which is likely to increase with the aging of our population.
also changing are parameters by which outcomes are assessed , shifting toward patient-centered care.
results : lefort and total colpocleisis are effective procedures for surgical treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse with relatively low complication rates.
patient satisfaction is high.
loss of coital function is rarely a reason for regret.
hysterectomy is not required in most patients with procidentia.
anti-incontinence procedures can be performed at time of colpocleisis for patients with coexisting stress incontinence.
evidence is conflicting with regard to occult stress urinary incontinence.
conclusions and relevance : colpocleisis are valuable procedures for women with severe pelvic organ prolapse who do not wish to retain coital function.
results are maintained in women with recurrent prolapse after prior failed reconstructive surgery.
considering a patient's goals for surgery and comprehensive presurgical counseling are important determinants of patient satisfaction.
target audience : obstetricians and gynecologists , family physicians.
although it has been widely clinically and pathologically evaluated , the topography in lpa is still controversial.
we consider that our study provides new anatomical clues to better understand the cognitive mechanisms underlying the logopenic syndrome.
participants exercised @number@ min / day , @number@ days / week for @number@ weeks on a biodex gaittrainer2 treadmill.
fifty-six participants [ age : 70 ( @number@ ) years ; @percent@ female ] were included in this study.
no changes were seen in the remaining outcomes.
procedure count was positively associated with all three hospitalization outcomes.
the role of cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) in the interplay between late-life bmi and adnp is unclear.
adnp was defined as moderate to frequent neuritic plaques and braak stageiii-vi.
ischemic injury scale ( iis ) operationalized cvd.
joint modeling examined relationships among bmi , iis , and adnp in the overall sample and stratified by initial visit clinical dementia rating score.
subject-specific random intercept for bmi was the predictor for adnp due to minimal bmi change ( p = @number@ ) .
although higher iis predicted greater odds of adnp ( p < @number@ ) , bmi did not predict iis ( p = @number@ ) .
the current findings confirm lower late-life bmi confers increased odds for adnp.
lower late-life bmi may be a preclinical indicator of underlying adnp.
background : recent findings indicate that impairments in functional performance do occur among individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
objective : this paper reports on a novel technology-based assessment battery of everyday competence that includes ecologically valid simulations of daily activities important to independence.
methods : the sample included @number@ non-cognitively impaired older adults aged 65 + and @number@ older adults diagnosed with amnestic mci ( amci ) .
results : the older adults with amci performed significantly poorer on all three tasks in the everyday task battery.
performance on these measures were also moderately correlated with standard measures of cognitive abilities and showed good test-retest reliability.
the use of this type of battery can overcome many of the logistic constraints associated with current functional assessment protocols.
objective : we investigated whether @number@ weeks of aerobic exercise could enhance functional connectivity of the pcc / precuneus in mci and healthy elders.
methods : sixteen mci and @number@ healthy elders ( age range = 60-88 ) engaged in a supervised 12-week walking exercise intervention.
functional mri was acquired at rest ; the pcc / precuneus was used as a seed for correlated brain activity maps.
in addition , both groups showed increased connectivity with the left postcentral gyrus.
healthy elders did not demonstrate any significant connectivity changes.
the protective effects of exercise training on cognition may be realized through the enhancement of neural recruitment mechanisms , which may possibly increase cognitive reserve.
whether these effects of exercise training may delay further cognitive decline in patients diagnosed with mci remains to be demonstrated.
methods : we reviewed the literature and identified systematic reviews of cohort studies and other authoritative reports.
our selection criteria included : ( @number@ ) activities of daily living , ( @number@ ) ict , and ( @number@ ) dementia.
results : we identified @number@ studies published between @number@ and @number@ of which @number@ met inclusion criteria.
the present systematic review revealed many ict systems that could purportedly support the range of activities of daily living for patients with dementia.
linear mixed effects analyses with appropriate covariates were used to model mmse decline over time.
several subgroup analyses were performed , defined by anti-dementia medication use , baseline mmse score , and dlb core features.
decline was not predicted by sex , baseline mmse score , or presence of specific dlb core features.
conclusions : the average annual decline in mmse score in dlb is approximately two points.
further studies are needed to understand the predictors and mechanisms of cognitive decline in dlb.
objectives : to determine whether improvements in aerobic capacity ( vo design : randomized , double-blind , double-sham , controlled trial.
setting : university research facility.
participants : community-dwelling older adults ( aged ≥55 ) with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) ( n = @number@ ) .
intervention : prt and cognitive training ( ct ) , @number@ to @number@ days per week for @number@ months.
strength gains , but not aerobic capacity changes , mediate the cognitive benefits of prt.
future investigations are warranted to determine the physiological mechanisms linking strength gains and cognitive benefits.
context : human papillomavirus ( hpv ) and chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent sexually transmitted infections , usually asymptomatic.
subjects and methods : this was a cross-sectional study including medical outpatients from a social security hospital in southeast mexico.
after informed consent , cervicovaginal samples were collected and tested for hpv and c. trachomatis using polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) .
hpv positives were further tested for high-risk hpv16 , @number@ @number@ and low-risk @number@ using real-time pcr.
all methods employed were in-house.
data analyses included odds ratios ( or ) , chi-square and linear regressions.
results : women included were @number@ aging 15-49 ( mean @number@ years ) , @percent@ were pregnant.
the most frequent genotype identified was hpv58 ( @percent@ of typified samples ) .
c. trachomatis positives were @percent@ asymptomatic , none had pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility histories.
the only variable associated to hpv infection was the history of previous sexually transmitted disease ( or = @number@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : more than @percent@ of the population was infected with either agent.
we successfully used in-house molecular methodologies for diagnosis and typing , showing hpv and c. trachomatis prevalence consistent to previous reports.
concomitant infections were found , hpv high-risk types were involved in half of these cases , representing a higher risk.
the case-control design is often used to test associations between the case-control status and genetic variants.
a proper secondary phenotype analysis , in this case , is complicated by the within families correlations on top of the biased sampling design.
we propose a novel approach to accommodate the ascertainment process while explicitly modelling the familial relationships.
statistics in medicine published by johnwiley & sons ltd.
little is known about autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) in persons over age @number@
gi disorders ( @percent@ ) and seizure disorders ( @percent@ ) were common , and @percent@ of the sample had a bmi > 30.
females were more likely to engage in screaming ( p < @number@ ) and oppositional behavior ( p < @number@ ) .
current age did not have a significant effect on bnps prevalence.
the population of elderly individuals is increasing worldwide.
with aging , various hormonal and kidney changes occur , both affecting water homeostasis.
aging is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and many features of ckd are reproduced in the aging kidney.
dehydration and hyperosmolarity can be triggered by diminished thirst perception in this population.
elderly with dementia are especially susceptible to abnormalities of their electrolyte and body water homeostasis and should be ( re- ) assessed for polypharmacy.
hypo- and hypernatremia can be life threatening and should be diagnosed and treated promptly , following current practice guidelines.
in summary , the body sodium ( na + ) balance is regulated by a complex interplay of environmental and individual factors.
subclinical hypothyroidism ( sch ) has a high global prevalence.
most sch patients have mild cases ( thyrotropin ≤10 miu / l ) .
treatment recommendations for mild sch are controversial , which raises concerns about the natural history of mild sch.
we aimed to clarify the natural history of mild sch.
this is a prospective population-based study.
logistic regression analysis was used to seek baseline parameters associated with the natural outcomes of mild sch.
the prognostic value of tc and cr in mild sch should be considered.
more women than men have strokes each year , in part because women live longer.
women have poorer functional outcomes , are more likely to need nursing home care and have higher rates of recurrent stroke compared with men.
pharmacological therapies for acute ischaemic stroke are limited.
pre-clinical studies have identified a number of potentially efficacious neuroprotective agents ; however , nothing has been effectively translated into therapy in clinical practice.
gene expression is dependent on genetic and environmental factors.
in the last decade , a large body of research has significantly improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of gene expression.
however , it remains unclear whether genetic effects on gene expression remain stable over time.
in addition , we identified @number@ genes differentially expressed across time points that we linked with aging within and across studies.
interestingly , we discovered that most differentially expressed genes were affected by a subset of @number@ putative causal genes.
finally , we observed that putative causal genes and down-regulated genes were affected by a loss of genetic control between time points.
objective : to provide an overview of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia ( bpsd ) .
design : systematic overview of reviews.
data sources : pubmed , embase , cochrane database of systematic reviews , cinahl and psycinfo ( @date@ @number@ ) .
eligibility criteria : systematic reviews ( srs ) that included at least one comparative study evaluating any non-pharmacological intervention , to treat bpsd.
data extraction : eligible studies were selected and data extracted independently by @number@ reviewers.the amstar checklist was used to assess the quality of the srs.
data analysis : extracted data were synthesised using a narrative approach.
conclusions : a large number of non-pharmacological interventions for bpsd were identified.
overall , music therapy and behavioural management techniques were effective for reducing bpsd.
mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathological mechanism of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) , which plays a central role in ad pathogenesis , is reported to accumulate within mitochondria.
however , a question remains as to whether aβ is generated locally from amyloid precursor protein ( app ) within mitochondria.
moreover , expression of the β-c-terminal fragment ( β-ctf ) of app was markedly low in the mitochondria-enriched fraction.
additionally , immunocytochemical analysis showed very little co-localization between presenilin @number@ and tom20 , a marker protein of mitochondria.
objective : the purpose of this study was to update evidence-based recommendations on the best practices for chiropractic care of older adults.
methods : the project consisted of a systematic literature review and a consensus process.
two reviewers independently screened articles and abstracts using inclusion and exclusion criteria.
the systematic review informed the project steering committee , which revised the previous recommendations.
the rand corporation / university of california , los angeles methodology for a modified delphi consensus process was used.
the delphi process was conducted from april to @date@ .
of the @number@ delphi panelists , @number@ were dcs and @number@ were other health care professionals.
three delphi rounds were conducted to reach consensus on all @number@ statements.
patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valves were excluded from the trial.
background : valvular heart disease ( vhd ) and atrial fibrillation ( af ) often coexist.
objectives : this study aimed to determine relative safety and efficacy of noacs in patients with vhd.
conclusions : high-dose noacs provide overall efficacy and safety similar in af patients with or without vhd.
background : accurate diagnosis of plasmodium infection is crucial for prompt malaria treatment and surveillance.
results : among the @number@ blood samples , @number@ samples were confirmed to be infected with malaria by microscopic examination.
nested pcr successfully detected @number@ plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium vivax infections , which were missed in microscopic examination.
microscopic examinations also either misdiagnosed the infected plasmodium species , or did not detect mixed infections with different plasmodium species in @number@ cases.
background : stroke and low heart rate variability ( hrv ) are both associated with an unfavorable prognosis in hemodialysis patients.
the relationship between stroke and changes in hrv during hemodialysis remains unclear.
results : all predialysis hrv measurements had no differences between stroke patients and those without stroke , but were lower than healthy controls.
serum intact parathyroid hormone ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) was negatively associated with △lf.
conclusion : hrv in hemodialysis patients is lower than in the general population.
increase in △hrv was observed in hemodialysis patients without stroke but not in stroke patients.
nephrologists should notice the importance of △hrv especially in high-risk patients.
importance : evidence quantifying the influence of face-lift surgery on societal perceptions is lacking.
objective : to measure the association of face-lift surgery with observer-graded perceived age , attractiveness , success , and overall health.
the delphi method was used to select standardized patient images confirming appropriate patient candidacy and overall surgical effect.
observers estimated age and rated the attractiveness , perceived success , and perceived overall health for each patient image.
facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from @number@ to @number@ with higher scores corresponding to more positive responses.
to evaluate the accuracy of observer age estimation , the patients ' preoperative estimated mean age was compared with the patients ' actual mean age.
a multivariate mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of face-lift surgery.
to further characterize the effect of face-lift surgery , estimated ordinal-rank change was calculated for each domain.
main outcomes and measures : blinded casual observer ratings of patients estimated age , attractiveness , perceived success , and perceived overall health.
these findings highlight observer perceptions of face-lift surgery that could positively influence social interactions.
patients , on the other hand , generally seek treatment to remove the lesions and achieve an improved appearance of their skin following treatment.
in selecting a treatment option for ak , dermatologists should consider post-treatment cosmesis , because cosmetic outcomes differ across ak treatments.
digital photography is probably the best method used for this , with validation by other technologies.
better measurement tools specifically for assessing cosmesis after ak treatment are needed.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 260-265. < / em > < / p > .
however , these studies utilized six different gwas arrays making it difficult to conduct analyses of secondary phenotypes or share controls across studies.
gait speed is a useful predictor of adverse outcomes , including incident mobility disability and mortality in older adults.
while aerobic exercise training ( aex ) is generally an effective therapy to improve gait speed , individual responses are highly variable.
circulating micrornas ( mirnas ) may contribute to inter-individual changes in gait speed with aex.
they were recently shown to be essential for proper regeneration of skeletal muscles.
the world faces an aging population that implies a large number of people affected with chronic diseases.
argentina has reached an advanced stage of demographic transition and presents a comparatively high rate of cancer mortality within latin america.
longitudinal series of age-standardized mortality rates for overall , breast and prostate cancers were modeled by joinpoint regression to estimate the annual percent change.
there were positive crude mortality rate net changes for overall female cancer , breast and prostate cancers , which were primarily attributable to demographic changes.
inversely , overall male cancer crude mortality rate showed a @percent@ decrease , mostly due to mortality risk.
the products differ by their cross-linking process.
with very simple easy-to-reproduce tests , cohesivity and resistance to traction forces were examined.
also , both gels were injected under ultrasound control in the mid reticular dermis of three subjects.
the papules were controlled under ultrasound and biopsies at d0 and d15.
results showed significant differences between the @number@ gels in all the tests.
under clinical observation , the range of new products present excellent tissue integration properties. < p > < em > j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 154-161. < / em > < / p > .
magnification of task visual feedback increases force variability in older adults.
topical dhea cream stimulates local collagen production.
trials of oral dhea should be undertaken to examin their potential for preventing tears in fragile aging skin.
purpose the purpose of this paper is to explore the policy implications of aging prison populations.
aging is a major worldwide medical challenge.
not surprisingly , identifying drugs and compounds that extend lifespan in model organisms is a growing research area.
here , we present drugage ( @url@ , a curated database of lifespan-extending drugs and compounds.
data were manually curated from @number@ publications.
using drug-gene interaction data , we also performed a functional enrichment analysis of targets of lifespan-extending drugs.
enriched terms include various functional categories related to glutathione and antioxidant activity , ion transport and metabolic processes.
drugage is freely available online for the scientific community and will be an important resource for biogerontologists.
methods : data from the health and retirement study ( hrs ) were analyzed.
respondents in four age cohorts were selected for comparison.
multivariable linear regression models were used to assess cohort differences in p62 and p65 while adjusting for covariates.
cohort differences in p62 and p65 remained after controlling for covariates.
changes in pensions , income inequity , and education were significantly associated with work expectations , but ssa policy was not.
conclusions : baby boomers expect to work longer than their predecessors.
efforts to improve work quality and availability for older workers are urgently needed , particularly in physically demanding occupations.
am.
j. ind.
med.
60 : 315-328 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
raising awareness of all this will result in the patient benefiting from the recent improvements in treatments.
the pelvic floor guards the passage of the pelvic organs to the exterior.
the near-epidemic prevalence of incontinence in women continues to generate interest in the functional anatomy of the pelvic floor.
the puborectal component of the levator ani muscle defined the levator hiatus boundary.
the exclusive attachment of the urethral sphincter to soft tissues implies dependence on pelvic-floor integrity for optimal function.
the vagina was circular at the introitus and gradually flattened between bladder and rectum.
well-developed fibrous tissue connected the inferior vaginal wall with urethra , rectum and pelvic floor.
with eight-muscle insertions , the perineal body was a strong , irregular fibrous node that guarded the levator hiatus.
only loose areolar tissue comprising a remarkably well developed venous plexus connecting the middle and superior parts of the vagina with the lateral pelvic wall.
the posterolateral boundary of the putative cardinal and sacrouterine ligaments coincided with the adventitia surrounding the mesorectum.
the major difference between the young-adult and postmenopausal pelvic floor was the expansion of fat in between the components of the pelvic floor.
the runx family genes play important roles in development and cancer , largely via their regulation of tissue stem cell behavior.
their involvement in two organs , blood and skin , is well documented.
this review summarizes currently known runx functions in the stem cells of these tissues.
instead , runx family genes employ multiple spatiotemporal mechanisms in regulating individual tissue stem cell populations.
such specific runx requirements have been unveiled by a series of cell type- , developmental stage- or age-specific gene targeting studies in mice.
observations from these experiments revealed that the regulation of stem cells by runx family genes turned out to be far more complex than previously thought.
further in-depth investigation into how runx family genes are involved in stem cell regulation is warranted.
astaxanthin ( axt ) is a carotenoid with multiple health benefits.
it is currently marketed as a health supplement and is well known for its antioxidant capacity.
recent evidence has emerged to suggest a broad range of biological activities.
the interest in this compound has increased dramatically over the last few years and many studies are now applying this molecule across many disease models.
these emergent mechanisms of actions implicate axt as a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease.
membrane lipid composition is altered in the brain during the pathogenesis of several age-related neurodegenerative diseases , including alzheimer's disease.
overall , changes in several molecular phospholipids were seen with age in the entorhinal cortex across both membranes.
the proportion of total phosphatidylcholine within the mitochondrial fraction increased within the entorhinal cortex with age , while total mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine decreased.
hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor ( crf ) lays downstream to catabolic melanocortins and at least partly mediates their catabolic effects.
we hypothesized that catabolic ( anorexigenic and hypermetabolic ) crf effects vary with aging similarly to those of melanocortins.
the infusion suppressed body weight in the young , aging , and old rats , but not in middle-aged animals.
crf gene expression in the pvn increased with aging.
our results support the potential contribution of age-related changes in crf effects to aging anorexia and cachexia.
the role of the peptide in middle-aged obesity cannot be confirmed.
age-related changes in cardiac homeostasis can be observed at the cellular , extracellular , and tissue levels.
progressive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , inflammation , and the gradual development of cardiac fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiac aging.
of the mmps elevated with cardiac aging , mmp-9 has been extensively evaluated and its roles are reviewed here.
in association with elevated mmp-9 , macrophage numbers increase in an age-dependent manner to regulate the ecm and angiogenic responses.
various measures of biological aging have been proposed.
in only one case was a heart murmur detected by auscultation.
serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the dogs with moderate to severe valvular regurgitation compared to the rest of the cohort.
future studies should address whether dogs with asymptomatic valve disease are at higher risk for subsequent morbidity or early death.
age is by far the major risk factor for most chronic diseases.
this has been common knowledge since time immemorial.
aging encompasses the biological changes most often seen as declines of function and increasing burden of disease.
the close linkage of these two has led people to believe that aging , like age , is immutable.
geroscience is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between the biology of aging and the biology of age-related diseases.
here , we discuss the genesis of the trans-nih group and the most salient activities that have occurred in the last @number@ years.
background : older patients are prone to multimorbidity and polypharmacy , with an inherent risk of adverse events and drug interactions.
to the best of our knowledge , available information on the appropriateness of lipid-lowering treatment is extremely limited.
aim : the aim of the present study was to quantify and characterize lipid-lowering drug use in a population of complex in-hospital older patients.
lipid-lowering drug use was closely correlated with the clinical profiles , including multimorbidity markers and polypharmacy.
results : @number@ patients aged > 65 years were enrolled ( @number@ males , @number@ females , mean age @number@ years ) .
the patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs amounted to @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) , with no gender difference.
atorvastatin ( @percent@ ) and simvastatin ( @percent@ ) were the most widely used statin drugs.
likelihood of treatment was associated with polypharmacy ( ≥5 drugs ) and with higher cumulative illness rating scale ( cirs ) score.
diabetes was not associated with drug treatment.
increasing age seems to be associated with lower prescription rates.
this might be indicative of cautious behavior towards a potentially toxic treatment regimen.
during aging , cells secrete molecules called senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
they constitute chronic low-grade inflammation environment to adjacent cells and tissues.
in order to find inhibiting agents of sasp formation , @number@ plant constituents were incubated with bj fibroblasts for @number@ days after treatment with bleomycin.
several plant constituents showed considerable inhibition of il-6 production , a representative sasp marker.
taken together , the present study demonstrated that methyl caffeate might be a specific and strong inhibitor of sasp production without affecting the aging process.
its action mechanisms involve the reduction of iκbζ expression and nf-κb p65 activation.
therefore , this compound might be effective in alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation linked to age-related degenerative disorders.
that many older individuals continue to engage in various forms of sexual expression well into later life is now well established in the literature.
to date , however , only a small body of qualitative research has examined older men's experiences and understandings of sex in later life.
likewise , the ways in which older men's discussions on sex may be used as an avenue for \ "doing \ " masculinity remain underexplored.
to what extent might this limit or , alternatively , open up the possibilities for sexual expression and subjectivity in later life ?
we pay close attention to the type and number of family structure transitions experienced and examine whether associations differ depending on family structure at birth.
for children born to cohabiting or noncoresident parents , we find little evidence that subsequent family structure experiences are associated with socioemotional development.
for children born to married parents , we find associations between family instability and poorer socioemotional development.
the aging musculoskeletal system experiences a general decline in structure and function , characterized by a reduced adaptability to environmental stress.
previous genome-wide association studies ( gwass ) have identified seven loci for plasma and erythrocyte palmitoleic and oleic acid levels in populations of european origin.
therefore , reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality is a major concern in medical research and practice.
dependence on caregivers and cognitive impairment represent two major risk factors in the elderly , especially in frail patients after surgery under general anesthesia.
the secondary objective includes an evaluation of the influence of the frail phenotype on self-sufficiency in elderly patients after general anesthesia.
this evaluation will determine the patient's frailty status in three categories : robust , pre-frail , and frail.
a second examination will be scheduled after @number@ months to assess changes in functional abilities , cognitive functions , and frailty status.
a priori calculation of sample size gives a population of @number@ patients to be included in this multicenter trial.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02524327 .
registered on @date@ .
background : decision support tools build upon comprehensive and timely syntheses of literature.
rapid reviews may allow supporting their development by omitting certain components of traditional systematic reviews.
method : we included studies based on pico questions ( participant , intervention , comparison , outcome ) describing each of the five specific decision.
we gave priority to higher quality evidence ( e.g. , systematic reviews ) .
for each db , we first identified secondary sources of literature , namely , clinical summaries , clinical practice guidelines , and systematic reviews.
after an initial extraction , we searched for primary studies in academic databases and grey literature to fill gaps in evidence.
we extracted study designs , sample sizes , populations , and probabilities of benefits / harms of the health options.
a single reviewer conducted the literature search and study selection.
the data extracted by one reviewer was verified by a second experienced reviewer.
two reviewers assessed the quality of the evidence.
we converted all probabilities into absolute risks for ease of understanding.
two to five experts validated the content of each db.
we conducted descriptive statistical analyses on the review processes and resources required.
results : the approach allowed screening of a limited number of references ( range : @number@ to 406 / review ) .
data extraction required the most time ( @number@ ± @number@ weeks ) .
the average estimated cost of a rapid review was c $ 11 , 646 ( sd = c $ 10 , 914 ) .
conclusions : this approach enabled the development of clinical tools more rapidly than with a traditional systematic review.
future studies should evaluate the applicability of this approach to other teams / tools.
background : cellular senescence irreversibly arrests growth of human diploid cells.
in addition , recent studies have indicated that senescence is a multi-step evolving process related to important complex biological processes.
most studies analyzed only the genes and their functions representing each senescence phase without considering gene-level interactions and continuously perturbed genes.
it is necessary to reveal the genotypic mechanism inferred by affected genes and their interaction underlying the senescence process.
results : we suggested a novel computational approach to identify an integrative network which profiles an underlying genotypic signature from time-series gene expression data.
the relatively perturbed genes were selected for each time point based on the proposed scoring measure denominated as perturbation scores.
then , the selected genes were integrated with protein-protein interactions to construct time point specific network.
we also performed functional enrichment on the common network and identified high association with phenotypic alteration.
remarkably , we observed that the identified cell cycle specific common network played an important role in replicative senescence as a key regulator.
conclusions : heretofore , the network analysis from time series gene expression data has been focused on what topological structure was changed over time point.
we expect that the proposed method will help to elucidate the biological mechanism unrevealed by the existing approaches.
background : herpes zoster ( hz ) is a prevalent viral disease that inflicts substantial morbidity and associated healthcare and socioeconomic burdens.
current treatments are not fully effective , especially among the most vulnerable patients.
although widely recommended , vaccination against hz is not routine ; barriers in asia-pacific include long-standing neglect of adult immunisation and sparse local data.
to address knowledge gaps , raise awareness , and disseminate best practice , we reviewed recent data and guidelines on hz from the asia-pacific region.
we selected articles about epidemiology , burden , complications , comorbidities , management , prevention , and recommendations / guidelines.
internet searches retrieved additional hz immunisation guidelines.
results : from @number@ retrieved articles , we screened-out @number@ duplicates and excluded @number@ extraneous articles , leaving @number@ unique articles.
hz epidemiology in asia-pacific is similar to elsewhere ; incidence rises with age and peaks at around @number@ years - lifetime risk is approximately one-third.
average incidence of 3-10 / 1000 person-years is rising at around @percent@ per year.
the principal risk factors are immunosenescence and immunosuppression.
hz almost always causes pain , and post-herpetic neuralgia is its most common complication.
half or more of hospitalised hz patients have post-herpetic neuralgia , secondary infections , or inflammatory sequelae that are occasionally fatal.
these disease burdens severely diminish patients ' quality of life and incur heavy healthcare utilisation.
conclusions : several countries have abundant data on hz , but others , especially in south-east asia , very few.
however , asia-pacific countries generally lack data on hz vaccine safety , efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
given the strong rationale for prevention , most adult immunisation guidelines include hz vaccine , yet it remains underused.
we urge all stakeholders to give higher priority to adult immunisation in general and hz in particular.
this study evaluated the feasibility of plate waste collection in qsrs and examined children's orders and consumption of meals from the standard and children's menus.
methods : fifteen qsrs , two malls , and @number@ eligible parents were approached to participate in the study in @number@
children consumed on average @number@ calories , @number@ g saturated fat , @number@ mg sodium , @number@ g fiber , and @number@ g sugar.
children ordered and consumed significantly fewer calories and less sodium and sugar with meals ordered exclusively from the children's menu compared with the standard menu.
overall there were no significant differences between the measured and stated energy contents of the qsr foods.
conclusions : conducting plate waste research in qsrs is feasible and there is concordance with stated calorie information.
consuming foods exclusively from the children's menu may help limit overconsumption in qsrs.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are one class of endogenous non-coding rnas that involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the gene.
mirnas may act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor via up or down regulation in cancerous cells.
abnormal expression of mir-182 in a variety of human cancers has reported.
oncogenic features of mir-182 confirmed through negative regulation of various tumor suppressor genes.
mtt assay in three-time points @number@ @number@ and 72h after lna-anti-mir-182 transfection was performed.
our study demonstrated inhibition of mir-182 can expansively decrease cell proliferation of apl cells.
the western blotting analysis presents that casp9 expression associated with inhibition of mir-182.
casp9 protein has an important role in the mitochondrial cell death pathway as the initiator of apoptosis.
these results can offer a way for inhibition of apl cells proliferates and produce translational medicine based on microgenomics and antisense therapy.
moreover , intraoral aging affects the biologic properties of materials.
corrosion in metallic orthodontic attachments releases metal ions , mainly iron , chromium , and nickel.
the latter has received the greatest attention because of its reported potential for an allergic response.
the formation of an oxide layer may inhibit the outward movement of ions , thereby acting as an obstacle for release.
titanium alloys have superior corrosion resistance than stainless steel.
the efficiency of polymerisation is considered an essential property for all polymers.
the adverse effects of some orthodontic materials should be considered during material selection and throughout orthodontic treatment , in order to minimise possible undesirable implications.
there is a need for bioengineered therapies to improve the overall health of the growing and aging world population.
patients with renal failure have a life-long requirement for a durable form of hemodialysis vascular access.
in this article , we review the history of tissue engineering as it pertains to bioengineered grafts and vessels for hemodialysis access.
autogenous fistulas and in particular radiocephalic fistulas are recommended as the first vascular access for hemodialysis.
unfortunately , the rates of early failure and non-maturation are very high.
until recently , there was not a single randomized clinical study supporting this proposition.
because performing regional anesthesia is time-consuming and requires expertise , many surgeons prefer local or general anesthesia for vascular access surgery.
socioeconomic inequalities in health are commonly known to decrease at late age.
a multilevel multinomial model was applied to quantify the socioeconomic impact across different age , diseases and disease groups , both separately and in combination.
accumulation of adversity tended to intensify with increase in number of diseases and older age , though this finding was not consistently supported.
the consequences of pickiness may be malnutrition and , if prolonged , potentially lower body weight.
however , studies investigating the consequence of pickiness on subsequent changes in diet intake and weight are limited.
information on pickiness was obtained from a parental questionnaire.
linear regression models were performed to assess the influence of pickiness on body mass index and diet with adjustments for possible confounders.
results were essentially similar before and after adjustment for key covariates.
conclusion : our study showed that bmi z-score after @number@ months follow-up was similar for picky and non-picky children.
picky children seemed to develop a lower protein intake despite similar total energy intake and diet composition.
the optimal cardiovascular risk stratification approach in this evolving patient population remains unclear.
additionally , we evaluated performance characteristics of different cardiac testing modalities.
two authors independently reviewed articles to select eligible studies and performed data abstraction.
results : twenty-nine studies representing @number@ @number@ patients from @number@ unique cohorts were included.
definitions of cardiovascular outcomes were highly inconsistent.
predictive capacity of various cardiac imaging modalities was also discrepant.
conclusions : the true incidence of cardiovascular outcomes post-liver transplant remains unknown in large part due to lack of consensus regarding outcome definition.
this study describes the most recent updates for the @number@ round of estimates.
methods : meetings of the unaids reference group include individuals with extensive knowledge of hiv programs , research , statistics , and public policy.
the extracted respiratory signals may be influenced by several technical and physiological factors.
in this study , our aim was to determine how technical and physiological factors influence the quality of respiratory signals.
the quality of each respiratory signal was assessed by calculating its correlation with a reference oral-nasal pressure respiratory signal using pearson's correlation coefficient.
main results : relevant results informing device design and clinical application were obtained.
significance : recommendations based on the results are provided regarding device designs for br estimation , and clinical applications.
the dataset and code used in this study are publicly available.
methods : all participants were screened through the nationwide danish national hospital register.
the average observation time of both groups was @number@ years , and mean age was @number@ years , by the end of the observation period.
the cause of the muscle wasting in these patients is not fully understood , and no predictive biomarker exists to identify these patients early on.
skeletal muscle loss is an inevitable consequence of advancing age.
comparing the proteomes of these cohorts , we quantified changes in muscle contractile myosins and energy metabolism allowing for a clear identification of cachexia patients.
background : elderly people are less able to manipulate objects skilfully than young adults.
we aimed to examine whether changes in hand shape patterns during the reaching phase of grasping movements differ between young adults and the elderly.
the results were then compared between the two groups.
the peak tangential velocity of the wrist in either hand appeared significantly earlier in the elderly group than in the young adult group.
the elderly group also showed larger inter-fingertip distances with arch-like fingertip trajectories compared to the young adult group for all object sizes.
conclusions : to perform accurate prehension , elderly people have an earlier peak tangential velocity point than young adults.
elderly individuals gradually modify their strategy based on previous successes and failures during daily living to compensate for their decline in dexterity and operational capabilities.
tanycytes are emerging as key players in the neuroendocrine control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) release.
post-mortem hypothalamic tissues were collected at the netherlands brain bank and were stained for vimentin by immunohistochemistry.
hypothalami of @number@ control female subjects were categorised into three periods : infant / prepubertal , adult and elderly.
we measured the fractional area covered by vimentin immunoreactivity in the inf.
qualitative analysis demonstrated a remarkable parallel organisation of vimentin-immunoreactive processes during the infant / prepubertal and adult periods.
during the elderly period , this organisation was largely lost.
by contrast , the number of tanycyte cell bodies did not appear to change throughout life.
autophagy , a degradation mechanism that plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and diminishes in aging , is considered an aging characteristic.
the deacetylation ability of sirt1 is important for controlling the function of several transcription factors , including nuclear factor kappa b ( nf-ĸb ) .
apart from inflammation , nf-ĸb can regulate autophagy by inhibiting beclin1 , an initiator of autophagy.
( hepatology @number@ ; 66 : 124-135 ) .
background : although alcohol risk is heritable , few genetic risk variants have been identified.
highest audit-c and audit-c trajectory were correlated r = @number@
the closest audit-c was obtained a median of @number@ years after the vacs-bc blood draw.
the closest audit-c was not statistically significantly associated with rs2066702.
conclusions : ehr data can be used to identify complex phenotypes such as harmful alcohol use.
the validity of the phenotype may be enhanced through the use of longitudinal trajectories.
design : each participant visited the laboratory seven times over @number@ to @number@ weeks.
design : retrospective cohort study using hospice patient electronic medical record data.
setting : large , national hospice provider.
participants : data from @number@ hospice patients who received routine hospice care from @number@ to @number@ were analyzed.
measurements : descriptive statistics were calculated for utilization measures for each type of provider and by location of care.
nearly @percent@ of the sample had hospice stays less than @number@ weeks and up to @percent@ had stays greater than @number@ months.
conclusion : there are significant differences between characteristics of hospice patients in different settings , as well as the mix of services they receive.
medicare hospice payment methodology was revised starting in @number@
background / objectives : post-marketing comparative trials describe medication use patterns in diverse , real-world populations.
our objective was to determine if differences in rates of adherence and tolerability exist among new users to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( achei's ) .
design : pragmatic randomized , open label comparative trial of achei's currently available in the united states.
setting : four memory care practices within four healthcare systems in the greater indianapolis area.
participants were required to have a caregiver to complete assessments , access to a telephone , and be able to understand english.
exclusion criteria consisted of a prior severe adverse event from acheis.
intervention : participants were randomized to one of three acheis in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio and followed for @number@ weeks.
results : @number@ participants were included with @percent@ female , @percent@ african americans , and @percent@ who completed at least twelfth grade.
adverse events and cost explained @percent@ and @percent@ of discontinuation.
no participants discontinued donepezil due to cost.
adverse events were reported by @percent@ of all participants ; no between-group differences in total adverse events were statistically significant.
conclusions : this pragmatic comparative trial showed high rates of adverse events and cost-related non-adherence with acheis.
interventions improving adherence and persistence to acheis may improve ad management.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct01362686 ( @url@
this project set out to raise policymakers ' awareness of family caregivers through proposals to republican and democratic party platforms during the @number@ political season.
we built a website to make each process understandable by caregiver advocates.
we designed model submissions to help volunteers tailor a proposal and recruited caregiver advocates participating in their state process.
in @number@ states , at least one party , republican or democrat , hosted a state party platform process.
as of @date@ fcpp volunteers submitted proposals to @number@ state parties in @number@ states.
the fcpp generated a non-partisan grassroots effort to educate and motivate policymakers to address caregiving issues and solutions.
examination included echocardiography , triplex ultrasound of brachiocephalic arteries , bifunctional 24-hour blood pressure ( bp ) monitoring with assessment of arterial stiffness.
results : patients with vo more often had pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) in the aorta which corresponded to criteria of early vascular aging.
chia oil has the highest recognized α-linolenic acid ( ala ) content.
ala is associated with beneficial changes in plasma lipids and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
total cholesterol , hepatosomatic index , nrf2 , antioxidant , and inflammation markers were determined.
chia reduced the hypercholesterolemic effect by lowering levels similar to c ; also , ameliorated redox index.
chia oil activated the nrf2 to arrest the pro-oxidative response to cholesterol and aging.
increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnfα ) was partially blocked by chia.
chia oil has the ability to prevent oxidative damage and modify the inflammatory response , suggesting adequate regulation of the antioxidant system.
results stress the importance of incorporating ala into the diet.
potentilla parvifolia fisch.
( rosaceae ) is a traditional medicinal plant in p. r. china.
the neuroprotective effects of these flavonoids in cellular were evaluated in vitro by this cell model.
results from the western blot and morphology analysis suggested that compounds @number@ and @number@ had the better neuroprotective effects.
although this implies genetic factors underlying the carcinogenesis , the etiology remains unclear.
we identified a heterozygous missense mutation in met proto-oncogene , p.asn375lys , in all four affected siblings.
the met mutation was further observed to abrogate the erbb3-mediated akt signal transduction , which is shared downstream by egfr.
all results were corrected to reduce errors arising from the increase in crystalline lens thickness with accommodation.
accommodative responses were measured sequentially by the wam @number@ auto ref / keratometer ( grand seiko , hiroshima , japan ) .
longitudinal studies assessing age-related changes using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( hr-pqct ) provide novel insight compared with cross-sectional analyses.
a cohort of @number@ ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) participants completed two hr-pqct scans with @number@ years between assessments.
after image registration , standard and cortical morphological analyses were conducted.
rate of bone microarchitectural change was compared between cross-sectional models and actual change calculated from longitudinal analyses.
objective : to test the mechanical properties of three different restorative materials for implant abutments supporting all-ceramic single crowns.
monolithic zirconia single crowns were cemented and artificially aged.
the crowns were loaded at a 30-degree angle in a universal testing machine until fracture or bending.
additionally , after removal of the restorations , the implant-abutment interface of the fixtures was inspected using a scanning electron microscope ( sem ) .
the abutments in group a failed early due to fractures of the internal parts and parts close to the implant neck.
in groups t and u , failures occurred due to bending of the implant neck.
conclusion : this experimental study proves that hybrid and titanium abutments have similar mechanical properties.
one-piece abutments made of zirconia showed significantly lower fracture resistance.
these pathways with trpv1 converge in the signaling of growth factors with recent work highlighting a relationship with erythropoietin ( epo ) .
angiogenesis and endothelial tube formation controlled by epo requires , in part , the activation of trpv1 receptors in conjunction with akt and ampk pathways.
conclusion : trpv1 receptors could prove to become vital to target disorders of vascular origin and neurodegeneration.
purpose : our ability to flexibly coordinate the available degrees of freedom allows us to perform activities of daily living under various task constraints.
we manipulated physical and dexterity demands by changing , respectively , external resistance and target size.
motor flexibility was quantified by an uncontrolled manifold ( ucm ) analysis.
future studies applying ucm analysis should examine if experimental set-ups limit movement exploration , leaving possible age differences undetected.
this study evaluated linear and nonlinear gait features in healthy older adults walking on inclined surfaces at different speeds.
linear gait variability was assessed using the average standard deviation of trunk acceleration between strides ( var ) .
gait stability was assessed using the margin of stability ( mos ) .
var increased for all conditions , but the interaction effects between treadmill inclination and age , and speed and age were higher for young adults.
down conditions showed the lowest stability in the medial-lateral mos , but not in lds.
lds was smaller in up conditions.
however , there were no effects of age for either mos or lds.
the values of sen decreased almost linearly from the down to the up conditions , with significant interaction effects of age for anterior-posterior sen.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is an important paraclinical tool to diagnose and monitor multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
conventional mri measures lack of pathological specificity and are weakly correlated with ms clinical manifestations.
purpose : to assess the relationship between coronary atherosclerotic burden and vascular function in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after balancing for coronary risk factors.
patients were categorized by ln ( cac score ) quartiles.
diabetes was associated with lower cfr across quartile categories ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : diabetic patients had higher cac scores than nondiabetic patients , but the difference disappeared when clinical characteristics were taken into account.
of note , diabetic patients also had lower cfr regardless of cac score than nondiabetic patients after matching.
thus , coronary atherosclerotic burden and vascular function have to be seen as two different entities.
background : balance is commonly affected by multiple factors , especially among the elderly population.
visual biofeedback ( vbf ) is an intervention tool that can be used in balance rehabilitation.
aim : this study aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials that examine whether vbf training is effective in improving balance in an elderly population.
data sources : three databases were searched : ciahl , embase , and medline.
the searches were limited to the period from @number@ to @number@
eligibility criteria : healthy adults , aged ≥65 years , with no specific disorders were included.
the outcome measures were balance as measured by any validated outcome measure.
results : the database search resulted in @number@ articles , of which five papers were included.
vbf was compared to no intervention , a placebo , and traditional exercise.
two studies were rated as high-quality studies , and three were rated as fair quality.
conclusion : engaging elderly people living in the community in vbf training was found to be effective and could improve their balance ability.
furthermore , high-quality randomized control trials are required.
the systematic review level of evidence is moderate , and the strength of recommendation is that vbf is likely to be beneficial.
\ "japanese clinical practice guidelines for the management of kidney disease in cancer survivors \ "have been published.
understanding the background of these recommendations will contribute for safe cancer chemotherapy.
support from adult children to ageing parents may be of importance for parental health and longevity.
age-specific death risks were calculated for each calendar year for individuals having at least one child and for individuals without children.
adjusted risk differences and risk ratios were estimated.
results : men and women having at least one child experienced lower death risks than childless men and women.
at @number@ years of age , the difference in life expectancy was @number@ years for men and @number@ years for women.
the absolute differences in death risks increased with parents ' age and were somewhat larger for men than for women.
the association persisted when the potential confounding effect of having a partner was taken into account.
the gender of the child did not matter for the association between parenthood and mortality.
conclusions : having children is associated with increased longevity , particularly in an absolute sense in old age.
that the association increased with parents ' age and was somewhat stronger for the non-married may suggest that social support is a possible explanation.
our findings suggest that young epigenetic age contributes to maintained memory in aging.
objectives : to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of sacubitril / valsartan compared with enalapril in the netherlands using the clinical data from the paradigm-hf trial.
a health care payer's perspective was applied in the economic evaluation.
the developed model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness for sacubitril / valsartan at different per diem prices.
conclusions : sacubitril / valsartan can be considered a cost-effective treatment at a daily price of €5.25.
unless priced lower than enalapril ( < €0.045 per day ) , sacubitril / valsartan is very unlikely to be cost-saving / dominant.
objective : to explore the association between body mass index ( bmi ) and all-cause mortality among the elderly in beijing.
bmi-mortality curves were drawn to find the optimal bmi range with the lowest mortality.
conclusion : keeping bmi in an overweight status and stable is related to a reduced mortality.
background : physical frailty is a prevalent syndrome in older adults that increases vulnerability for a range of adverse outcomes including increased dependency and death.
caregivers of older adults experience significant physical , emotional , and financial burden , which is associated with poor physical and mental health.
we conducted a systematic review to assess the state of the evidence regarding the relationship between these two prominent concepts in the geriatric literature.
method : we used a structured search of databases to identify original english-language articles.
two researchers screened the titles and abstracts of all @number@ retrieved studies and then full-text versions of @number@ retained studies.
heterogeneity of the included studies precluded meta-analysis.
results : five publications had the same author and drew from the same population ; these were treated as a single study.
three of our studies were of limited value since they did not include a validated measure of frailty.
the limited evidence does not allow conclusions to be drawn or to inform clinical practice.
further research is needed , given the salience of physical frailty and burden.
systematic review registration : prospero crd42015019198.
therapeutic self-care is the ability to take medications as prescribed and to recognize and manage symptoms that may be experienced , such as pain.
methods : a retrospective cohort design was used , utilizing secondary databases available for ontario home care clients from the years @number@ to @number@
descriptive analysis was used to identify the types and prevalence of adverse events experienced by home care clients.
logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between therapeutic self-care ability and the occurrence of adverse events in home care.
results : the results indicated that low therapeutic self-care ability was associated with an increase in adverse events.
conclusions : this study advances the understanding about the role of therapeutic self-care ability in supporting the safety of home care clients.
high levels of therapeutic self-care ability can be a protective factor against the occurrence of adverse events among home care clients.
introduction : skin diseases in the aging population vary and are a key concern for clinicians in terms of diagnosis , management and follow-up.
out of @number@ patients hospitalized , @number@ patients aged @number@ years and over were included in the study.
data entry was accomplished using epidata @number@ software , while data analysis was performed using stata @number@ software.
results : the prevalence of skin diseases among hospitalized geriatric patients was @time@ %.
the age of the patients varied from @number@ to @number@ years , with an average age of @number@ years.
we enrolled @number@ men and @number@ women , with a sex-ratio of @number@
four patients died ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : this study has assessed a high prevalence of subjects aged @number@ and over hospitalized in the department of dermatology in bamako.
moreover , it has confirmed that dermohypodermitis are the most frequent skin diseases among geriatric patients hospitalized in mali.
future research will explore possible validity of this etiological model for sch and bd.
insulin , a vasoactive modulator regulating peripheral and cerebral blood flow , has been consistently linked to aging and longevity.
changes in cbf through the major cerebropetal arteries were assessed via phase contrast mr-angiography , and regional cortical tissue perfusion via pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling.
total flow through the major cerebropetal arteries was unchanged in both young and old.
thus , intranasal insulin improved tissue perfusion of the occipital cortical brain region and the thalamus in older adults.
study design : controlled laboratory study.
methods : the achilles tendons of @number@ sprague dawley rats received full-thickness rectangular defects.
tendons treated with hascs showed better gross morphological and biomechanical recovery than those in the fibrin and sham groups.
furthermore , the expression of both human-specific collagen type i and tenascin-c was significantly higher in the cell group than in the other @number@ groups.
these findings suggest that transplanted mscs may be able to differentiate into the tenogenic lineage and contribute their own proteins to tendon healing.
we examined the association of cognitive reserve-related factors over the lifespan with the risk of dementia in a community-based cohort of older adults.
the cohort was followed up to @number@ y ( until @number@ ) to detect incident dementia cases.
one hundred forty-eight participants developed dementia during follow-up , and @number@ remained dementia-free.
the analysis was repeated among carriers and noncarriers of the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele.
similar associations were detected among apoe ε4 allele carriers and noncarriers.
limitations include measurement error and nonresponse , with both biases likely favouring the null.
strong correlation between early- and adult-life latent factors may have led to a loss in precision when estimating mutually adjusted effects of all periods.
study design : cervical decompression ( cd ) and cervical fusion ( cf ) patients in @percent@ medicare part b claims data.
objective : evaluate the complication rate and associated risk factors after cervical spine surgery using a national sample of elderly patients.
summary of background data : the number of cervical spine procedures in the united states has risen along with associated hospital costs.
postoperative complications lead to longer hospitalizations and greater costs.
methods : demographic information and postoperative complications ( @number@ days ) were evaluated.
results : between @number@ and @number@ @number@ cd and @number@ cf medicare patients were identified in the dataset.
all other complications had an incidence of less than @percent@.
males ( p < 0.001 ) were at higher risk of urinary retention.
patients with dementia ( p < 0.001 ) had a higher risk of acute delirium after both cd and cf.
age was also a significant risk factor ( p = @number@ ) for acute delirium for cf patients.
females were at a significantly higher risk of nausea / vomiting after cd and cf.
level of evidence : @number@
background : army vision standards have varied little from aviation's nominal birth.
on the basis of classic snellen acuity , we simply cannot predict threshold skill levels of any one individual ( s ) .
spectacle , contact lens , and aging influences were evaluated.
results : the high-contrast snellen acuities clustered at 20 / 15 and 20 / 20.
low-contrast acuities stretched from 20 / 25 to 20 / 125.
logmar analysis highlighted statistical significance between the two acuity sets ( p < @number@ ) to an unanticipated data spread.
discussion : some pilots possessed the capacity to resolve 20 / 25 lettering under obfuscating conditions ; others were adversely influenced by those same conditions.
snellen acuity involves target recognition ; contrast acuity detects threshold differences ; both aspects can be important.
conclusion : prescreening under both vision assessment conditions will help identify and select superior vision performers.
the validity and predictability of documenting this effect is targeted within planned future research efforts.
background : despite the increasing numbers of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ( rtsa ) procedures , the long-term results have been rarely reported.
we previously reported early outcomes of a cohort of patients treated with a grammont-style rtsa.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes after a minimum of @number@ years , and to document prosthetic survival and complications.
methods : clinical outcome assessment was based on the absolute and relative constant scores and the active range of motion.
radiographic evaluations of scapular notching , tuberosity osteolysis , and periprosthetic radiolucent lines were done as well.
complications and revisions were compiled , and a kaplan-meier survival analysis was performed.
results : the original report included the outcomes for @number@ patients ( @number@ rtsas ) who had been followed for a mean of @number@ months.
seventy-seven patients ( @number@ prostheses ) had died before the 10-year follow-up , and @number@ patients ( @number@ prostheses ) had been lost to follow-up.
forty-nine shoulders ( @percent@ ) exhibited scapular notching.
forty-seven complications ( @percent@ ) were recorded , with @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) occurring after @number@ years.
sixteen ( @percent@ ) of the original patients underwent revision surgery.
the 10-year overall prosthetic survival rate using revision as the end point was @percent@.
conclusions : despite a high arthroplasty survival rate and good long-term clinical results , rtsa outcomes showed deterioration when compared with medium-term results.
the cause of this decrease is probably related to patient aging coupled with bone erosion and / or deltoid impairment over time.
level of evidence : therapeutic level iv.
see instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
methods : a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort.
medical records from age @number@ years until the index visit were reviewed to determine exposures to general anesthesia.
similar results were obtained for exposure to anesthesia after the age of @number@ years and during @number@ @number@ and @number@ years before the first visit.
conclusions : exposure to general anesthesia for procedures at age ≥40 years was not associated with prevalent mci in the elderly.
background : in negotiating stairs , low foot clearance increases the risk of tripping and a fall.
foot clearance may be related to physical fitness , which differs between active and sedentary participants , and be acutely affected by exercise.
impaired stair negotiation could be an acute response to exercise.
foot clearances were compared before and after exercise and between the groups.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been used in cell-based therapy for various diseases , due to their immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects.
however , the function of mscs is known to decline with age , a process that is called senescence.
to date , the process of msc senescence remains unknown as in-depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in cellular senescence is lacking.
first , senescent mscs are so heterogeneous that not all of them express the same phenotypic markers.
in addition , the genes and signaling pathways which regulate this process in mscs are still unknown.
thus , an understanding of the molecular processes controlling msc senescence is crucial to determining the drivers and effectors of age-associated msc dysfunction.
moreover , the proper use of mscs for clinical application requires a general understanding of the msc aging process.
study design : longitudinal study with postal survey.
setting : members of the danish sci association.
a total of @number@ responded to both the @number@ and @number@ questionnaires.
in contrast , the proportion suffering from faecal incontinence remained stable at @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@
conclusion : self-assessed severity of constipation increased but quality of life remained stable in a cohort of people with sci followed prospectively for @number@ years.
methods for bowel care remained surprisingly stable but a large proportion had undergone stoma surgery.
committee members of the ( dgi ) listed potential ' choosing wisely items'.
topics were subjected to systematic evidence review and top ten items were selected for appropriateness.
five positive and negative recommendations were approved via individual member vote.
results : the final recommendations are : ( @number@ ) imperatively start antimicrobial treatment and remove the focus in staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection.
( @number@ ) critically ill patients with signs of infection need early appropriate antibiotic therapy.
( @number@ ) all children should receive measles vaccine.
( @number@ ) prefer oral formulations of highly bioavailable antimicrobials whenever possible.
( @number@ ) avoid prescribing antibiotics for uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections.
( @number@ ) do not treat asymptomatic bacteriuria with antibiotics.
( @number@ ) do not treat candida detected in respiratory or gastrointestinal tract specimens.
( @number@ ) do not prolong prophylactic administration of antibiotics in patients after they have left the operating room.
( @number@ ) do not treat an elevated c-reactive protein ( crp ) or procalcitonin with antibiotics for patients without signs of infection.
conclusions : physicians will reduce potential harm to patients and increase the value of health care when implementing these recommendations.
due to the reform of long term care in @number@ there is growing concern about whether groups at risk receive the care they need.
people in need of care have to rely more on help from their social network.
the increased need for informal care requires resilience and organizational skills of families , but also of volunteers , professionals and employers.
what does this mean for the provision of informal care in the next decennia ?
in her inaugural speech alice de boer discussed social inequality as possible determinant and outcome of informal care.
some conclusions : until @number@ the absolute number of 75-plus doubled to about @number@ million persons , but the number of informal caregivers will decrease.
addressing similarities rather than differences improves their chances for collaboration.the number of adult children providing household care to older parents increased between @number@ and @number@
informal caregivers at risk remain , also in the future , women , spouses , migrants , and younger carers.
purpose : recent evidence indicates that caffeine may have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline and dementia.
the current investigation assessed the effect of acute caffeine administration on working memory during the earliest stage of cognitive decline in elderly participants.
all participants underwent an established 2-back working task in a crossover design of @number@ mg caffeine versus placebo.
data analysis included task-related general linear model and functional connectivity tensorial independent component analysis.
conclusion : dcon cases are characterized by decreased sensitivity to caffeine effects on brain activation and dmn deactivation.
these complex fmri patterns possibly reflect the instable status of these cases with intact behavioral performances despite already existing functional alterations in neocortical circuits.
@number@ individuals ( mean / range : 15 / 4-29 years ; @number@ females ) were included.
additionally , hbp subjects were separated in bp-related subgroups.
age-related changes in these parameters ( absolute values and z-scores ) were explored by obtaining simple linear regression models for each group.
va increased as the hbp level got higher.
additional studies are needed to clarify whether dna methylation age reflects biological mechanisms implicated in the aging of the cerebral white matter.
background : human aging is associated with profound changes in one of the major epigenetic mechanisms , dna methylation.
some reports have identified factors associated with the acceleration of the epigenetic age.
additionally , we also determined the epigenetic ages of @number@ individuals in a cohort consisting of 90-year-old participants ( nonagenarians ) .
these were determined by using the horvath algorithm based on the methylation level of @number@ cpg sites.
results : the data showed that bmi is associated with decreased δage , i.e. , increased epigenetic age , in middle-aged individuals.
we also analyzed the association between bmi and epigenetic age in young and elderly individuals , but these associations were not significant.
by culling cells with dysfunctional telomeres , p53 plays a critical role in protecting tissues against the effects of critically short telomeres.
in cells lacking p53 , unchecked telomere shortening drives chromosomal end-to-end fusions and cycles of chromosome fusion-bridge-breakage.
incipient cancer cells confronting these telomere barriers must disable p53 signaling to avoid senescence and eventually up-regulate telomerase to achieve cellular immortality.
cellular responses to dna damage are critical determinants of cancer development and aging-associated pathogenesis.
this study analyzed the association of age and sex with the risk of in-hospital stroke or death following carotid endarterectomy under routine conditions in germany.
descriptive statistics and multilevel multivariable regression analyses were applied.
patients were predominately male ( @percent@ ) , with mean age @number@ years.
carotid stenosis was symptomatic in @percent@.
primary outcome occurred in @percent@ of women and @percent@ of men.
risk of death ( alone ) was associated with age ( rr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.54-1.84 ) .
age was associated with the risk of stroke ( alone ; rr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
sex was not associated with primary outcome rate ( @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.93-1.10 ) , nor did it significantly modify the age effect.
assessment of toxic effects is mandatory before market placement of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
nanotoxicology is an emerging regulatory concern and still a challenging field.
topical application of resveratrol ( rsv ) has been extensively studied owing to its multi-mechanistic skin anti-aging effects.
nanoencapsulation has been suggested as a promising solution to overcome rsv stability issues.
in this work rsv-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ( sln ) and nanostructured lipid carriers ( nlc ) were prepared using a homogenization / sonication technique.
cytotoxicity assays were conducted with an immortalized cell line of human keratinocytes ( hacat ) .
objectives : changes in estrogen receptor ( er ) expression likely underlie differential metabolic effects of estrogen in pre- and postmenopausal women.
@number@.7±5.3kg ) .
compared to premenopausal women , esr1 and the ratio of esr1 to esr2 were lower ( p≤0.05 ) in postmenopausal abdominal and femoral sat.
esr2 was not related to age or menopause.
the inverse association between esr1 and age persisted after adjusting for trunk fat mass , estradiol , or leptin.
bradykinin ( bk ) induces inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
resveratrol is a potent activator of sirt1 which could modulate inflammation through deacetylating histones of transcription factors.
validation was done with @number@ observers for @number@ cases.
two modalities were applied , and observers were asked to use only whole digits and then half digits for grading.
results : repeatability with regard to test-retest differences showed a mean limit of agreement of @number@ for whole digits and @number@ for half digits.
the absolute test-retest difference was close to zero for low as well high degrees of cataracts.
conclusions : bcn @number@ grading repeatability was not affected by the severity of the cataract.
it showed very good repeatability.
repeatability was significantly higher when the observers used half digits compared to whole digits.
reliability was found to be very good as well , independently of the use of whole or half digits.
past research has shown that anticipated support , the belief that someone will provide support if needed , benefits health.
few studies considered whether the relationship between anticipated support and health depends on the source of such support.
results suggest that anticipated support from children is related to older parents ' better self-rated health and fewer depressive symptoms in both countries.
in the u.s. where filial norms are relatively weak , anticipated support from others is no less important for health than anticipated support from children.
therefore , instead of providing evidence of ' true ' health disparities across groups , findings may actually reflect reporting heterogeneity.
analysis employed a hierarchical probit model ( hopit ) .
neither social support nor deprivation appeared to have any effect on srh regardless of reporting heterogeneity.
anchoring vignettes offer a relatively uncomplicated and cost-effective way of identifying and correcting for reporting heterogeneity to improve comparative validity of self-report measures of health.
this analysis underlines the need for caution when using unadjusted self-reported measures to study the effects of social capital on health.
design , setting , and participants : a longitudinal cohort study of aging from @number@ to @number@ in the national alzheimer coordinating center.
clinical evaluation of the participants was conducted in @number@ national institute on aging's alzheimer disease centers.
nine hundred eighty-four participants in the national alzheimer coordinating center cohort study who died and underwent autopsy and met inclusion and exclusion criteria.
the majority of intracardiac thrombi form in the left atrial appendage ( laa ) .
enlargement of this structure , together with certain morphological features , may indicate a predisposition to the formation of thrombi and subsequent cardioembolic stroke.
thus far , studies on laa morphology have largely focused on those patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
taking a different approach , we investigated the variation in laa morphology in a consecutive patient population with and without af.
we assessed the length , lobe number , and morphological classification of their laas.
demographic data and medical histories were collated from medical records and then correlated with laa morphology.
no associations with morphological laa features could be found for patients with diabetes , hypertension , or dyslipidemia.
nor did the size of the left atrium exhibit any correlation with bsa-related laa length.
in the overall and non-af populations , aging and female gender were associated with longer bsa-indexed laas.
mitochondria drive apoptosis by releasing pro-apoptotic proteins that promote caspase activation in the cytosol.
the rhomboid protease parl , an intramembrane cleaving peptidase in the inner membrane , regulates mitophagy and plays an ill-defined role in apoptosis.
here , we employed parl-based proteomics to define its substrate spectrum.
our data identified the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein smac ( also known as diablo ) as a parl substrate.
in apoptotic cells , smac is released into the cytosol and promotes caspase activity by inhibiting inhibitors of apoptosis ( iaps ) .
intramembrane cleavage of smac by parl generates an amino-terminal iap-binding motif , which is required for its apoptotic activity.
loss of parl impairs proteolytic maturation of smac , which fails to bind xiap.
smac peptidomimetics , downregulation of xiap or cytosolic expression of cleaved smac restores apoptosis in parl-deficient cells.
the rapid aging of the world's population is causing an increase in the prevalence of cognitive decline and degenerative brain disease in the elderly.
previous studies primarily focused on inter-nodal connectivity of the dmn and often assume functional homogeneity within each dmn region.
most biological networks are efficient and formed by sparse connections , and the kct can potentially reveal sparse connectivity patterns that are biologically informative.
the kct problem is np-hard , and existing solution approaches are mostly heuristic.
mathematical formulations of the kct problem in the literature are not compact and do not provide good solution bounds.
this paper presents new kct formulations and a fast heuristic approach to efficiently solve the kct models for large dmn regions.
both undifferentiated cell types showed similar fibroblast-like morphology and mesenchymal marker expression.
however , undifferentiated s-ascs displayed a faster doubling time coupled to greater proliferation and colony-forming ability than dpscs.
moreover , s-ascs showed a better colonization of the titanium scaffold.
in addition , we investigated whether s-asc osteogenic commitment was enhanced by adenosine a1 receptor ( a1r ) stimulation , as previously shown for dpscs.
although a1r expression was constant during dpsc differentiation , it increased in s-asc at day @number@ from osteogenesis induction.
accordingly , a1r stimulation by the agonist 2-chloro-n human beings are subjected to aging and age-associated diseases.
there has been a substantial research on the underlying factors responsible for aging both in the general and the hiv-infected populations.
time has come for designing and developing human studies with those candidate therapies showing most promising benefits and least potential toxicities to treat age-related diseases.
however , the association between heart rate and endothelium-dependent vasodilation remains highly controversial.
we determined the association between heart rate at rest and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in @number@ apparently healthy adults ( 18-63 years ) .
late amd was detected in @number@ participants.
conclusions : survival bias can attenuate associations between harmful exposures and diseases of aging.
estimation of the sace using a sensitivity analysis approach should be considered when conducting epidemiological research within elderly populations.
background : mental disorders influence people with a high prevalence and exert remarkable burden on community members.
methods : the statistical population of this cross-sectional survey consisted of residents of urban and rural areas in iranian provinces.
an estimated sample size of @number@ people was chosen using systematic random sampling and the cluster method.
access was provided by the contribution of the geographical post office for each province.
the ghq-28 was used as a screening tool for mental disorders.
data analysis was carried out using spss-18 software.
results : the results were gathered by the traditional scoring method.
a total of @time@ % of samples were suspected of having mental disorders.
the prevalence of suspicion for mental disorders was higher in urban ( @time@ % ) than rural areas ( @percent@ ) .
the prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms was higher than social dysfunction and depression symptoms.
the outcomes also revealed that the prevalence of suspicion for mental disorders increased noticeably with aging.
conclusion : comparison of the outcomes from this study with the research conducted in @number@ demonstrated an increasing prevalence rate of suspicion for mental disorders.
involuntary episodic memories are memories of past events that come to mind with no preceding attempt of retrieval.
involuntary episodic remembering may provide an adaptive compensation for reductions in strategic retrieval in later adulthood.
training gains and transfer effects were also assessed after @number@ months.
findings are discussed in terms of the benefits and limits of teaching older people a strategy in combination with an adaptive wm training.
our key findings were threefold.
third , graded differences in current l2 experience modulated l1 and l2 word processing in younger adults , but had no impact in older adults.
specifically , greater current l2 experience facilitated l2 word processing , but impeded l1 word processing among younger adults only.
taken together , we draw @number@ main conclusions.
first , bilingual older adults experience changes in word-level processing that are language-non-specific , potentially because lexical accessibility decreases with age.
( psycinfo database record terminal decline ( td ) refers to acceleration in within-person cognitive decline prior to death.
the cognitive reserve hypothesis postulates that individuals with higher iq are able to better tolerate age-related increase in brain pathologies.
we quantified iq using the raven's coloured progressive matrices ( rcpm ) test administrated at age @number@
( psycinfo database record deficits in sensory functioning , such as poor vision and hearing , take a significant toll on quality of life.
little is known , however , about their relation with personality development across adulthood.
this study examined whether baseline and change in vision and hearing were associated with personality change over a 4-year period.
participants ( n = @number@ mage = @number@ @percent@ women ) were drawn from the health and retirement study.
they provided data on vision , hearing , and personality both at baseline and @number@ years later.
sensory functioning was generally a stronger predictor of personality change than disease burden or depressive symptoms.
( psycinfo database record most studies on personality and physical activity have relied on self-report measures.
this study examined the relation between five factor model personality traits and objective physical activity in older adults.
these findings confirm self-report evidence that personality traits are associated with physical activity levels in older adults.
understanding sources of cognitive disparities at different ages can inform policies and interventions.
perceived discrimination was a weaker mediator among young adults due to an absence of racial differences in perceived discrimination in that group.
despite multiple indirect effects , there were still significant unexplained effects of race on cognition that were not moderated by age group.
( psycinfo database record the primary goal of this study was to address the stability-despite-loss paradox of subjective well-being.
cognitive status , as determined by standard psychometric tests of fluid cognitive abilities , was unrelated to longitudinal change in subjective well-being.
a symmetrical measure of self-rated cognitive performance predicted intraindividual change in subjective well-being in middle-aged but not older adults.
this pattern of findings helps clarify why many older people may be able to maintain their subjective well-being , while their cognitive abilities decline.
however , there is a conflicting relationship between the microvascular density and prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma ( ccrcc ) patients.
ecs in the tumor microvessels were sporadically immunostained for vash1 , although no vash1 staining was observed in the non-neoplastic renal tissues.
cd34 was ubiquitously expressed by all ecs in both ccrcc and non-neoplastic renal tissues.
the microvascular density was significantly decreased in the sunitinib-treated metastases compared with untreated tumors ( p = 0.001 ) .
skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth ( hypertrophy ) , atrophy and regeneration.
during ageing and in several diseases , muscle wasting occurs.
these changes are associated with changes in intracellular as well as local and systemic niches.
furthermore , we have determined the passage number at which primary myoblasts from adult and aged people undergo senescence in an in vitro culture.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a degenerative disease of the joints and is one of the leading causes of disability in adults.
however , there are no key therapeutics for oa and medical treatment is based on managing the symptoms and slowing down progression of the disease.
diagnostics based on clinical examination and radiography have provided little information about metabolic changes in joint tissues , disease onset and progression.
moreover , there are increasingly more studies identifying and developing new biomarkers for oa.
in this review , efforts have been made to summarize the biomarkers that have been reported in recent studies on patients.
study findings suggest a degree of plasticity associated with women's aging and , in particular , the age group correlated with perimenopause.
methods : ninety-seven non-demented , community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either an expressive suppression group or control group.
we compared performance of the groups on a battery of tests measuring ef and component processes both before and after exposure to emotionally evocative stimuli.
conclusions : these results suggest that depletion contributes to executive lapses in older adulthood.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 341-351 ) .
after intense scientific exploration and more than a decade of failed trials , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) remains a fatal global epidemic.
a traditional research and drug development paradigm continues to target heterogeneous late-stage clinically phenotyped patients with single ' magic bullet ' drugs.
the finding relies on the fact that vascular and valvular calcifications are predictors of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in persons with chronic renal failure.
the role of bone antiresorption therapy such as bisphosphonates and denosumab in vascular calcification in high-bone-turnover disease remains unclear.
the limited data on sodium thiosulfate are promising.
however , if calcification is to be targeted , ensure that bone health is not compromised by the treatments.
production of type i collagen declines is a main characteristic during photoaging , but the mechanism is still not fully understood.
circular rnas ( circrnas ) are a class of newly identified non-coding rnas with regulatory potency by sequestering mirnas like a sponge.
it's more stable than linear rnas , and would be a useful tool for regulation of gene expression.
however , the role of circrnas in collagen expression during photoaging is still unclear.
overexpression of circcol3a1-859267 inhibited uva-induced decrease of type i collagen expression and silencing of it reduced type i collagen intensity.
this study show that circcol3a1-859267 regulate type i collagen expression in photoaged hdfs , suggesting it may be a novel target for interfering photoaging.
we aimed to examine the literature on change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients during hospitalization.
a literature search was performed in major electronic databases from inception to @date@ .
studies including hospitalized patients with a mean age≥65years , describing change of hand grip strength and / or muscle mass were found eligible.
extracted data were divided in hand grip strength or muscle mass and stratified by elective or acute admission.
meta-analysis was conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis.
in conclusion , decrease in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients is dependent on the type of admission.
we report here that depletion of fahd1 from human endothelial cells inhibited mitochondrial energy metabolism and subsequently induced premature senescence.
although mouse models of gaucher's disease have been reported from several laboratories , these models are limited due to the perinatal lethality of glccerase gene.
here , we examined phenotypes of drosophila melanogaster homologues genes of the human gaucher's disease gene by using minos insertion.
one of two minos insertion mutants to unknown function gene ( cg31414 ) accumulates the hydroxy-glccer in whole body of drosophila melanogaster.
this mutant showed abnormal phenotypes of climbing ability and sleep , and short lifespan.
these abnormal phenotypes are very similar to that of gaucher's disease in human.
the data suggests that drosophila cg31414 gene mutation might be useful for unraveling the molecular mechanism of gaucher's disease.
investigation of cell-cycle kinetics in mammalian pancreatic β cells has mostly focused on transition from the quiescent ( g0 ) to g1 phase.
receptor-mediated insulin signaling promotes dna-binding activity of foxm1 to regulate expression of cenp-a and polo-like kinase-1 ( plk1 ) by modulating cyclin-dependent kinase- @date@ .
cenp-a deposition at the centromere is augmented by plk1 to promote mitosis , while knocking down cenp-a limits β cell proliferation and survival.
cenp-a deficiency in β cells leads to impaired adaptive proliferation in response to pregnancy , acute and chronic insulin resistance , and aging in mice.
insulin-stimulated cenp-a / plk1 protein expression is blunted in islets from patients with type @number@ diabetes.
laser-doppler flux increased in both groups with lh ( both d > 1.8 , p < 0.001 ) .
these data indicate that lh increases cutaneous endothelial and myogenic activity , while decreasing neural activity.
furthermore , ageing reduces the increase in cutaneous endothelial activity in response to lh.
klotho is an anti-aging and anti-fibrotic protein and its early decline after renal injury is reportedly associated with aberrant dna methylation.
however , the key upstream pathological mediators and the molecular cascade leading to epigenetic klotho suppression are not exclusively established.
here we investigate the epigenetic mechanism of klotho deficiency and its functional relevance in renal fibrogenesis.
fibrotic kidneys induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion ( uuo ) displayed marked klotho suppression and the promoter hypermethylation.
accordingly the blockade of either tgfβ signaling or dnmt1 / 3a activities significantly recovered the klotho loss and attenuated pro-fibrotic protein expression and renal fibrosis.
thus , our study elaborates a novel epigenetic cascade of renal fibrogenesis and reveals the potential therapeutic targets for treating the renal fibrosis-associated kidney diseases.
the extent to which these cardiovascular changes influence human fetal and neonatal cardiac adaptation has not been fully elucidated.
the aim of this study was to evaluate perinatal cardiovascular changes in ventricular geometry and myocardial performance in normal term fetuses.
methods : prospective study of @number@ uncomplicated pregnancies delivering at term.
improved knowledge of perinatal cardiac changes in normal fetuses could facilitate better understanding of cardiac adaptation in normal and pathological pregnancies.
falls among hospitalized older adults are a growing concern.
hospitals are using non-slip socks as an alternative footwear to help prevent falls , however there is limited evidence to support their use.
a comprehensive literature search was conducted using medline , cinahl , scopus , pubmed and the cochrane library.
six studies were included in this review.
the results suggested that there is inconclusive evident to support the use of non-slip socks to prevent falls among hospitalized older adults.
non-slip socks do not possess the properties of adequate footwear and have the potential to spread infection.
the patient's personal footwear from home is the safest footwear option while admitted into hospital.
advancing age is the major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases and is accompanied by changes in metabolic processes and mitochondrial dysfunction.
after investigating the family pedigree , we performed genetic and biochemical analysis on its members and performed rna expression studies.
olanzapine plus sertraline or olanzapine plus placebo were given until week @number@ or termination.
improvement in depressive and psychotic symptoms from baseline to treatment end was similar in both the young old and older groups.
however , improvement in depressive symptoms was significantly associated with improvement in global cognitive function in young old participants but not in older participants.
conclusion : cognitive dysfunction was not a detriment to improvement in symptoms of psychotic major depression in our geriatric patients.
young old and older patients improved to a similar degree on measures of depression and delusions from baseline to treatment end.
however , improvement in cognition over the course of treatment was more prominent in the young old group than in the older group.
none : growth hormone is the major regulator of growth and body composition.
pulsatile gh secretion declines exponentially with age.
testosterone replacement is being increasingly offered to older men with age-related low testosterone.
testosterone administration has been shown to stimulate gh secretion.
however , little is known about the effect of testosterone aromatization to estradiol on gh pulsatility and its impact on igf-1 in older men.
primary outcome was deconvolution and approximate entropy analyses of pulsatile including basal and entropic modes of secretion performed at baseline and 3months.
secondary outcomes included igf-1 evaluated at baseline , @number@ and 6months.
results : at 3months , mean gh and in igf-1 were similar between the three groups.
at 6months , igf-1 significantly increased by δ @number@.3±10.3ng / ml in the tt-group compared to placebo ( p = 0.03 ) .
both intervention groups significantly increased gh pulse frequency ( tt-group , p = 0.04 ; ai-group , p = 0.05 ) compared to placebo.
conclusions : in older men , testosterone increases gh pulse frequency while the aromatization to estradiol is involved in the rise of igf-1 levels.
background : the development of effective nutritional strategies in support of muscle growth for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) remains challenging.
dietary essential amino acids ( eaas ) are the main driver of postprandial net protein anabolism.
in agreement , eaa supplements in healthy older adults are more effective than supplements with the composition of complete proteins.
therefore , free eaa supplements may aid in the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting in this patient population.
fair / poor childhood health similarly impacts midlife morbidity for both races.
an education gradient in functional limitations exists only for white adults.
we interpret these findings in the sociohistorical context of this birth cohort.
african american families ' experiences with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) have received little attention in the research literature.
we showcase how diagnosis acceptance and family decision-making are at the heart of how african american families respond to mci.
consistent with the weathering hypothesis , many studies have captured racial / ethnic disparities in average functional health trajectories.
intraindividual variability increases with age for both whites and blacks and such increase is greater for blacks.
hispanics have the greatest intraindividual variability but there is no age-based pattern.
the findings suggest further nuances to the weathering hypothesis-social disadvantage can generate instability in physical function as minority adults age.
this study identifies risk and protective factors for falls among older , community-dwelling african americans.
our sample consisted of @number@ community-dwelling african americans aged @number@ and older , participating in the 2010-2012 rounds of the health and retirement study.
physical activity was negatively associated with recurrent falls.
among the examined psychosocial characteristics , greater depressive symptoms were associated with greater relative risk of experiencing single and multiple fall events.
implications for clinicians and future studies are discussed.
methods : forty-two subjects ( 67-88 years ) from the geriatric ambulatory unit were submitted and @number@ subjects completed the glucagon stimulation test.
results : median growth hormone peak was @number@ μg / l and median cortisol peak was @number@ μg / dl.
growth hormone peak was > 3 µg / l in @percent@ , and cortisol peak was > 18 µg / dl in @percent@ of patients.
there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the growth hormone peak and the cortisol peak.
according to the new proposed cut-points for growth hormone and cortisol , we had @percent@ of normal growth hormone and @percent@ of normal cortisol responses.
section detachment in immunohistochemistry ( ihc ) is a common phenomenon , increasing times and costs of diagnosis and research.
however , it has poorly been investigated.
we screened @number@ ihc sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue , identifying @number@ cases with section detachment ( @percent@ of the sample ) .
detachment regarded mainly samples of surgical breast tissue and ihc procedures in which heat pretreatment was used.
each of these issues was individually investigated to establish their influence on detachment.
targeted experiments were performed by varying section age , thickness , cleanliness , slide brand and age , and sample size and fixation.
finally , to investigate operator-dependent causes , sections were cut by different operators blinded to aim.
the pre-analytical phase , including all the aforementioned issues , should be standardized within a quality assurance program.
by adopting these recommendations , we obtained a @percent@ drop in section detachment.
it is debated whether exercise-induced ros production is obligatory to cause adaptive response.
here we suggest that if the antioxidant treatment occurs before the physiological function-ros dose-response curve reaches peak level , the antioxidants can attenuate function.
physical inactivity , aging or pathological disorders increase the sensitivity to oxidative stress by altering the bell-shaped dose response curve.
objective : to investigate the impact of sex on cognition among cognitively normal older people without amyloid pathology.
we examined the sex discrepancies in cognition using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
an initial association with cognitive flexibility remained inconclusive.
this work employs another marker of cognitive flexibility and extends our work to older adults.
twenty young and @number@ older adults completed three cognitive tasks ( switch task , stroop task and ) .
they performed a visuomotor adaptation task under 60° rotation of visual feedback.
based on their cognitive scores , participants were divided into good and poor performers.
young adults outperformed older adults in visuomotor adaptation tasks and in cognitive tasks.
switch task performance was not associated with adaptation in either age group.
stroop performance was associated with early and with late adaptation in young adults.
in older adults , stroop performance was associated with early as well as late adaptation whereas was not associated with adaptation.
all associations were present during adaptation , but not during de-adaptation.
our findings do not confirm the existence of the first postulated learning stage for the case of adaptation.
they support the second and third stage in young persons for strategical components of adaptation.
we conclude that degraded cognition in older age could explain why adaptation is impaired while aftereffects remain intact.
efficient execution of strategies is crucial to memory performance and to age-related differences in this performance.
relative strategy complexity influences memory performance and aging effects on memory.
thus , we manipulated inter-stimulus intervals ( isi ) and assessed executive functions.
these findings have important implications for understanding the relationships between aging , executive control , and strategy execution in episodic memory.
the ( patho ) physiology of estrogen and its receptors is complex.
gper-selective ligands , as well as gper knockout mice , have greatly aided our understanding of the physiological roles of gper.
proteases and their inhibitors have been recognized as key players in remodeling extracellular matrices and promoting the normal integrity of glandular tissue.
they modulate a wide range of biological processes , such as cell proliferation and differentiation , and can contribute to disease when aberrantly expressed.
apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 has been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes in healthy aging , while findings in young adults are inconclusive.
previous studies have mostly used univariate methods , and without considering potential anterior / posterior differences.
apoe ε4 has in young adults been associated with better episodic and spatial memory , functions involving the ahc and phc , respectively.
we found no associations between structural covariance and performance , suggesting that other factors underlie the performance differences seen between carriers and non-carriers.
introduction : reference values to define cognitive impairment in individuals aged @number@ years and older are lacking.
we systematically reviewed the literature to determine the level of cognitive functioning of individuals aged @number@ years and older without dementia.
methods : the search identified @number@ articles of which @number@ articles were included in the review.
we calculated mean cognitive test scores and cut-off scores for cognitive tests published in two or more articles.
we estimated 1-year pm results : sulfate and ammonium were selected by the lasso in the horvath dnam-age models.
with increasing age , cognitive control processes steadily decline.
at a stable overall error rate , higher age was associated with a greater proportion of undetected errors.
while the ne / ern was associated with the processing of errors in general , the pe amplitude was modulated by detected errors only.
structural path models suggested that through those age-related changes in pe amplitude , an indirect effect on the performance was observed.
our results confirm and extend previous extreme-group based findings about specific deficits in error detection associated with higher age using age as a continuous predictor.
when children go missing for many years , investigators commission age-progressed images from forensic artists to depict an updated appearance.
these images have anecdotal success , and systematic research has found they lead to accurate recognition rates comparable to outdated photos.
the present study examines the reliability of age progressions of the same individuals created by different artists.
eight artists first generated age progressions of eight targets across three age ranges.
similarities were highest over shorter age ranges and when external features were concealed.
implications drawn from theory and application are discussed.
methods : participants were @number@ male medical students without a diagnosis of depression , who matriculated in 1948-1964 and followed through @number@
adjustment covariates were race , enrollment wave , baseline age , physical activity , and heavy alcohol use.
results : the analysis included @number@ person-years of follow-up.
limitations : our findings are restricted to male former medical students , which may affect study generalizability.
conclusions : results support the vascular depression hypothesis.
depression screening in older adults with vascular risk-factor burden may provide an avenue for prevention of late-onset depression.
histones are evolutionarily conserved dna-binding proteins.
as scaffolding molecules , they significantly regulate the dna packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells.
as docking units , they influence the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery , thus establishing unique gene expression patterns that ultimately promote different biological outcomes.
recent findings indicate that h3.3 replaces the majority of canonical h3 in non-dividing cells , reaching almost saturation levels in a time-dependent manner.
consequently , h3.3 incorporation and turnover represent an additional layer in the regulation of the chromatin landscape during aging.
in this respect , work from our group and others suggest that h3.3 plays an important function in age-related processes throughout evolution.
critically , we review the importance of h3.3 turnover as part of epigenetic events that influence senescence and age-related processes.
we conclude with the emerging evidence that h3.3 is required for proper neuronal function and brain plasticity.
background : antiplatelet therapy following a transient ischemic attack ( tia ) constitutes an important secondary prevention measure.
methods : the study cohort ( n = @number@ ) was selected from the database of the largest health insurance provider of the slovak republic.
it included patients aged ≥65 years , in whom antiplatelet medication was initiated following a tia diagnosis during the period between @date@ and @date@ .
each patient was followed for a period of @number@ years from the date of the first antiplatelet medication prescription associated with tia diagnosis.
patients in whom there was a treatment gap of at least @number@ months without antiplatelet medication prescription were defined as \ "non-persistent \ ".
the factors predicting non-persistence were identified in the cox proportional hazards model.
results : at the end of the follow-up period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were non-persistent with antiplatelet medication.
an effective screening test could significantly impact identification of developmental delays at an early age.
however , many studies have shown that delay screenings still use text-based screening survey questionnaires.
unfortunately , the traditional text-based screening method tends to be fairly passive.
in addition , the advantages of using an interactive system and animation have been shown to lead to positive effects on learning in medical research.
therefore , a multimedia screening system is necessary.
this study constructs a system architecture to develop an e-screening system for child developmental delays.
to validate the system after development , this study conducted an experiment and employed a questionnaire to survey users.
five experts and @number@ subjects participated in the experiment.
after the experiment , the results of the system evaluation revealed excellent agreement between the text-based and multimedia version of taipei ii.
regular text-based screening sometimes excludes those with low literacy and those whose native language is different from the text.
in addition , text-based screening tools lose users ' attention easily.
the current study successfully developed a multimedia text-based screening system.
feedback from the participants showed that the e-screening system was well accepted and more easily accessible than the original.
in this study , a child developmental delays e-screening system was developed.
after the experiment , the subjects indicated that the developmental delay e-screening system increased their comprehension and kept them interested in the screening.
the current review integrates recent findings regarding the construct of self-awareness in dementia from both clinical and cognitive perspectives.
we present the predominant theoretical models of awareness and summarize both traditional and emerging approaches to assessing awareness from clinical and meta-cognitive perspectives.
finally , the practical importance of studying and assessing awareness from both theoretical and clinical angles is emphasized.
the potential for positron emission tomography ( pet ) to detect neuroinflammation in vivo has sparked a remarkable interest in various disciplines of neuroscience.
method : this is a cross-sectional study in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50-79 years ( n = @number@ ) .
hypercholesterolaemia was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) in excess of the recommended cvd risk category target and / or on lipid-lowering medication.
in a subgroup aged 50-64 years , @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.5-74.5% ) were hypercholesterolaemic.
ldl-c was controlled to the guideline target in @percent@ of those with cvd and @percent@ of those with diabetes.
lack of awareness of hypercholesterolaemia was high across the remainder of the population.
methods : plasma concentrations of sst2 ( elisa , critical diagnostics ) were measured at baseline in a cohort of @number@ patients.
autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions , communication deficits , and repetitive behavior.
however , it is a deep-seated brainstem nucleus without clear imaging or electrophysiological markers.
a post-mortem brain was scanned in a clinical 3t mr system in situ.
thereafter , the brain was processed with a special method ideally suited for cytoarchitectonic analyses.
also , nine volunteers had in vivo brain scanning using the same mri protocol.
images from volunteers were compared to those obtained in the post-mortem study.
fa values of the volunteers were obtained from ppn , inferior colliculus , cerebellar crossing fibers and medial lemniscus using histological data and atlas information.
fa values in the ppn were significantly lower than in the surrounding white matter region and higher than in areas with predominantly gray matter.
in nissl-stained histologic sections , the ppn extended for more than @number@ mm in the rostro-caudal axis being closely attached to the lateral parabrachial nucleus.
coregistration of neuroimaging and cytoarchitectonic features can add value to help establishing functional architectonics of the ppn and facilitate neurosurgical targeting of this extended nucleus.
main up-regulated clusters in the anterior horn are related to inflammation and apoptosis ; down-regulated clusters are linked to axoneme structures and protein synthesis.
rt-qpcr validates the expression of @number@ of @number@ assessed genes from different clusters.
however , additional research is necessary to clarify the roles of individual hdacs in memory.
we also showed that hdac7 decreased via ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
cbx4 was one of the hdac7 e3 ligases involved in this process.
finally , hdac7 was involved in the formation of other hippocampal-dependent memories , including the morris water maze and object location test.
the current findings facilitate an understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of hdac7 in the regulation of hippocampal-dependent memory.
the voltage-dependent anion channel ( vdac ) is a pore located at the outer membrane of the mitochondrion.
it allows the entry and exit of numerous ions and metabolites between the cytosol and the mitochondrion.
the flux of essential metabolites , such as atp , determines the functioning of the mitochondria to a noxious stimulus.
vdac is thus involved in the choice the cells make to survive or die , which is particularly relevant to cancer cells.
for these reasons , vdac has become a potential therapeutic target to fight cancer but also other diseases in which mitochondrial metabolism is modified.
this article is part of a special issue entitled mitochondria in cancer , edited by giuseppe gasparre , rodrigue rossignol and pierre sonveaux.
ornithine transcarbamylase ( otc ) deficiency is an x-linked disorder of the urea cycle.
recent evidence of acute liver failure and fibrosis / cirrhosis is also emerging in otc-deficient patients.
here , we investigated the long-term consequences of abnormal ureagenesis in female mice heterozygous ( het ) for a null mutation in the otc gene.
the mechanistic target of rapamycin ( mtor ) coordinates eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs , including nutrients and growth factors.
here , we review recent advances in our understanding of mtor function , regulation , and importance in mammalian physiology.
this study investigated the role of testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) in prostate safety and cancer progression.
a cohort of @number@ patients , @number@ treated and @number@ untreated hypogonadal men , and @number@ eugonadal men were included.
these results suggest that trt might have a protective effect against high-grade pca.
autophagy is emerging as a core regulator of central nervous system ( cns ) aging and neurodegeneration.
next , we describe the actual and potential impact of autophagy on microglial phagocytic and inflammatory function.
we also discuss data linking autophagy to the regulation of the microglial inflammatory phenotype , which is known to contribute to age-related brain dysfunction.
in addition , dysregulation of cerebral insulin sensitivities and signaling activities have been implicated in ad.
emerging insights into the mechanistic roles of adiponectin and ad highlight the potential therapeutic effects for ad through insulin signaling.
dna was extracted from whole blood to assess ltl via quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study of @number@ japanese men aged 60-69 years who underwent an annual health check-up.
inactivated virus particles and recombinant gp41 have been reported to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation , as well as to alter cytokine release and gene expression.
the same was shown for a peptide corresponding to a highly conserved domain of all retroviral tm proteins , the immunosuppressive domain.
due to its propensity to aggregate and to be expressed at low levels , studies comprising authentic gp41 produced in eukaryotic cells are extremely rare.
here we describe the production of a secreted , soluble recombinant gp41 in @number@ cells.
the antigen was purified to homogeneity and characterised thoroughly by various biochemical and immunological methods.
it was shown that the protein was glycosylated and assembled into trimers.
binding studies by elisa and surface plasmon resonance using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies implied a six-helix bundle conformation.
in addition , gp41 expressed on target cells inhibited the antigen-specific response of murine cd8 + t cells by drastically impairing their ifnγ production.
to our knowledge , this is the first comprehensive analysis of a gp41 produced in eukaryotic cells including its immunosuppressive properties.
one such disorder is huntington's disease ( hd ) that is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the human huntingtin protein ( htt ) .
the polyglutamine expansion destabilizes htt leading to protein misfolding , which in turn triggers neurodegeneration and the disruption of energy metabolism in muscle cells.
however , the molecular mechanisms that underlie htt proteotoxicity have been somewhat elusive , and the muscle phenotypes have not been well studied.
we show that this htt fragment aggregates in c. elegans in a polyglutamine length-dependent manner and is toxic.
toxicity manifests as motor impairment and a shortened lifespan.
those with overactive bladder often experience related physical and psychological symptoms or conditions and report a poorer quality of life than other women.
many factors that increase the risk of developing overactive bladder are modifiable ; therefore , lifestyle and behavioral interventions are first-line treatments.
more treatment options are becoming available to women as research provides new information about the underlying pathophysiology of overactive bladder.
the authors have illustrated different approaches that can act on nsps , modulating the rate of the aging process.
expert opinion : humanity's lasting dream is to reverse or , at least , postpone aging.
in recent years , increasing attention has been devoted to anti-aging therapies.
dual-process theories posit that two separate processes are involved in recognition , namely recollection and familiarity.
interestingly these regions are known to be sensitive to normal and neuropathological aging processes.
younger ( n = @number@ ) and older ( n = @number@ ) adults were tested on a computerized recollection and familiarity task.
in a separate session , older adults ( n = @number@ ) underwent a structural mri.
hippocampal , entorhinal and perihinal cortices volumes were automatically segmented and then manually corrected to ensure validity of the volumetric assessment.
regional volumes were normalized for total intracranial volume.
the increase reliance on familiarity was significantly and positively associated with the rate of false alarms.
in the older adult sample , significant positive associations were found between recollection estimates and normalized hippocampal volumes.
the normalized total hippocampal volume accounted for @percent@ of the variance in recollection performance.
no correlation was found between any recognition variables and perirhinal or entorhinal cortices volumes.
overall , our results suggest that the age-related impairment in recollection is linked with reduced hippocampal structural integrity.
we examine several methodological considerations when eliciting probabilistic expectations in a developing country context using the longitudinal ageing study in india ( lasi ) .
higher levels of education and income have a positive association with survival expectations , and these associations persist even when conditioning on self-reported health.
the results remain robust to several alternative specifications.
we then compare the survival measures with objective measures of health.
we find that activities of daily life , height , and low hemoglobin levels covary with subjective expectations in expected directions.
the metabolic syndrome was defined using the international diabetes federation criteria.
frailty was operationalized using a 41-item frailty index ( fi ) .
in bivariate analyses , the fi predicted mortality risk in both age groups whereas the metabolic syndrome did so only in the younger group.
the fi better predicted mortality than did the metabolic syndrome , regardless of age.
the rate of telomere-shortening has been widely reported as a marker of risk for age-related conditions and mortality in human population.
genetic , environmental and stochastic factors have been shown to influence telomere attrition.
in particular oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role on the process.
uncoupling proteins ( ucps ) are among the most important regulators of cellular metabolism and oxidative stress.
the mechanisms responsible for the changes in basal post-absorptive protein turnover and its impact on muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise training are unknown.
in addition , we were interested in determining potential molecular mechanisms responsible for altering post-training muscle protein turnover.
muscle protein synthesis ( mps ) increased @percent@ while muscle protein breakdown ( mpb ) decreased @percent@ , respectively.
these changes in protein turnover resulted in an improved net muscle protein balance in the basal state following ret.
further , the change in basal mps is positively associated ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) with the change in muscle thickness.
conclusion : post-absorptive muscle protein turnover is associated with muscle hypertrophy during resistance exercise training.
sunlight is indispensable for life.
below a critical concentration , free radicals are important for signaling processes in the human body.
filter substances like those used in sunscreens for skin protection in the ultraviolet region are not available for the visible and infrared spectral regions.
currently the focus of sunscreen development is shifting from mere uv protection to protection covering the entire solar spectrum.
as tremor exhibits non-linear properties , employing both linear and non-linear analyses may help distinguish between the tremor dynamics of aging , pd and et.
this study was designed to examine postural tremor in healthy older adults , pd and et using standard linear and non-linear metrics.
linear measures of amplitude , frequency , and between-limb coupling ( coherence ) were performed.
non-linear measures of regularity ( apen ) and coupling ( cross-apen ) were also used.
additionally , receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed for those measures that were significantly different between all groups.
coherence showed higher bilateral coupling for et but no differences in inter-limb coupling between pd and healthy subjects.
similarly , cross-apen results also showed differences between all groups , with et persons showing strongest inter-limb coupling followed by pd and elderly.
introduction : stroke is a chronic condition that necessitates multidimensional and overwhelming care.
the caregivers of stroke patients are faced with various stressors that can threaten different aspects of their health , especially their mental health.
this study was therefore conducted to investigate the relationship between the spiritual attitude of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke and their burden.
methods : this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in @number@
the participants were selected through convenience sampling and consisted of @number@ participants.
results : the results showed that @percent@ of the caregivers were females.
the mean age of the participants was @number@.3±8.8 years.
the duration of caregiving was < 5 years in @percent@ of the participants , while its mean was @number@.2±2.5 years.
the mean score of spiritual attitude was @number@.77±6.20.
the mean score of burden was 28±12.75.
conclusion : providing strategies for improving spirituality , such as teaching spiritual self-care , can improve their burden.
pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to study the correlation of ua with bmd at various skeletal sites.
background : erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is common in older men with chronic kidney disease.
magnesium is essential for metabolism of nitric oxide which helps in penile erection.
there is little information available about the influence of serum magnesium on ed.
the aim of the study was to assess the influence of hypomagnesemia on ed in elderly chronic kidney disease patients.
participants were randomized to a mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil , a mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts , or a control diet.
plasma ceramide concentrations were measured on a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform.
the primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction , nonfatal stroke , or cardiovascular death.
hazard ratios were estimated with weighted cox regression models using barlow weights to account for the case-cohort design.
in addition , a mediterranean dietary intervention may mitigate potential deleterious effects of elevated plasma ceramide concentrations on cvd.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : isrctn35739639.
brain connectivity has been assessed in several neurodegenerative disorders investigating the mutual correlations between predetermined regions or nodes.
selective breakdown of brain networks during progression from normal aging to alzheimer disease dementia ( ad ) has also been observed.
however , the dynamic response profile and kinetics of cerebrovascular function have not been determined to date.
t2dm arises largely from obesity , poor diet , and lack of exercise , but it also involves genetic predisposition.
here we report that the kcne2 potassium channel transmembrane regulatory subunit is expressed in human and mouse pancreatic β cells.
our objective was to evaluate the relationship between antemortem mri measures of entorhinal cortex thickness and postmortem neuropathological measures.
materials and methods : we evaluated @number@ participants from the rush memory and aging project with antemortem structural t1-weighted mr imaging and postmortem neuropathologic assessments.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : university medical center balance disorder laboratory.
participants : total sample n = 73 ; persons with multiple sclerosis ( pwms ) n = 52 ; healthy controls n = 21.
compared with healthy controls , pwms demonstrated a longer time to stability and required a larger number of steps to reach stability.
the construct of multimorbidity was initially developed and used in nongeriatric settings.
it generates a monodimensional nosological risk profile , grounding its roots in the somewhat inadequate framework of disease.
the number of cancer survivors increases annually , because of advances in detection and treatment , and the aging and growth of the population.
this increase has brought a concomitant increase in morbidity and mortality from other conditions related to the adverse effects of cancer treatments.
cardiovascular diseases , and in particular left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure , are among the most significant of these.
there are no unified and universally accepted evidence-based practice guidelines on the management of heartfailure in this population.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is the leading cause of death and disability in people younger than @number@ in western countries.
despite many studies , no reliable biomarkers have been found to assess tbi severity and predict recovery.
microrna ( mirna ) profiling has become widely used to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
the aim was to find candidate biomarkers able to discriminate between mtbi and stbi.
the panel of selected mirnas shows promise as biomarkers to discriminate mtbi from stbi.
in addition , the selected mirnas represent new potential therapeutic targets.
little is known about how and where ylhiv receive their care.
further , the impact of the care structure on engagement and retention outcomes for ylhiv is ill defined.
several key concepts emerged : @number@
the majority of ylhiv ( 13-24 years old ) are cared for at adult sites , @number@
clinics providing care to ylhiv are varied in terms of the services offered and the types of services offered can impact outcomes , @number@
ylhiv cared for in adult clinical sites have poor retention and antiretroviral treatment initiation , and @number@
ylhiv cared for at adult sites had poorer retention and cart outcomes compared to ylhiv cared for at pediatric sites.
there were no studies identified that specifically examined \ "youth friendly \ " care for ylhiv within the context of adult clinical sites.
the results of this review highlight disparities for ylhiv and the need for interventions to improve outcomes for ylhiv in the context of adult care.
reproductive senescence , such as menopause , is also dependent on multiple intrinsic genetic factors.
the extreme form of reproductive aging is primary ovarian insufficiency ( poi ) with prevalence ranging from @number@ to @percent@ of the female population.
poi has been shown to have long-term consequences on overall health.
poi and age of menopause have a significant hereditary component.
recent application of whole exome sequencing on carefully selected families with poi has also revealed a significant contribution of dna damage response genes.
the aim of this review is to characterize recent advances in the genetics of poi and its link with overall health.
the cerebral substratum of age-related cognitive decline was evaluated in an elderly-cohort followed for @number@ years ( n = 306 ) .
participants , free of dementia , received neuropsychological assessments every two years and an mri exam at baseline and four years later.
baseline volumes analysis revealed that fcsrt and ist declines were both associated with lower volumes of the medial temporal region.
a retrospective analysis was performed of @number@ patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma.
patients with bone metastasis were categorized into two groups.
a multivariate analysis showed that older age , early diagnosis , and brain metastasis were each associated with a poor prognosis.
the difference in disease-specific mortality rates between groups a and b was significant ( p < @number@ ) .
in conclusion , papillary and follicular thyroid cancers with bone metastasis have a high rate of mortality.
despite this high mortality , @percent@ patients still had an excellent response to treatment.
this study was aimed to investigate the effect of human pon1 overexpression in mice on cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport.
in vivo measurements showed that the overexpression of pon1 significantly increases the fecal elimination of macrophage-derived cholesterol in pon1-tg mice.
background : leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin @number@ ( lect2 ) is a hepatokine linking obesity to skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
we therefore examined the relationship of plasma lect2 levels with various adiposity indices and cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) in middle-aged and elderly japanese men.
materials and methods : this was a cross-sectional study of @number@ japanese men ( age : 30-79 years ) .
participants ' plasma lect2 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
crf was assessed by measuring peak oxygen uptake ( [ formula : see text ] ) .
the correlations , except for vfa were no longer significant with further adjustment for vfa.
stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that vfa was the strongest predictor of plasma lect2 levels.
plasma lect2 levels differed based on the presence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia , but not hypertension and insulin resistance.
conclusion : vfa was the strongest predictor of plasma lect2 that is a potential biomarker linking visceral obesity to dyslipidemia.
previous containerized data processing solutions were limited to single user environments and not compatible with most multi-tenant high performance computing systems.
bids apps overcome this limitation by taking advantage of the singularity container technology.
vascular calcification is commonly seen in elderly people , though it can also appear in middle-aged subjects affected by premature vascular aging.
only mvs from senescent ecs , and from elderly subjects ' plasma , induced calcification.
the mvs of senescent , cultured ecs , and those present in the plasma of elderly subjects , promote vascular calcification.
wound healing is a natural process of body reaction to repair itself after injury.
the unsuitable conditions may delay wound healing process and cause chronic wound or scar formation.
therefore , many researches have attempted to search for agents that can accelerate wound healing with safety and biocompatibility to human body.
widely studied wound healing agents are those derived from either natural sources including plants and animals or chemical synthesis.
the natural products seem to be safer and more biocompatible to human tissue.
the benefits of these animal-derived products are wound healing promotion , anti-inflammatory , antimicrobial activity , moisturizing effect , biocompatibility , and safety.
positive between-person effects of self-efficacy on physical activity were found.
dna methylation is regulated by dna methyltransferase , of which dna methyltransferase @number@ ( dnmt1 ) is the most abundantly known.
moreover , these functions were mediated by targeting dnmt1.
we also verified that the mir-377-mediated changes in p53 expression could be reversed by regulation of dnmt1 in hsfs.
our results highlight a novel role for mir-377-dnmt1-p53 axis in hsf senescence.
these findings shed new light on the mechanisms of skin aging and identify future opportunities for its therapeutic prevention.
objective : we tested an uncertainty self-management telephone intervention ( smi ) with patients awaiting liver transplant and their caregivers.
smi participants were taught coping skills and uncertainty management strategies while lde participants learned about liver function and how to stay healthy.
outcomes included illness uncertainty , uncertainty management , depression , anxiety , self-efficacy , and quality of life.
general linear models were used to test for group differences.
results : no differences were found between the smi and lde groups for study outcomes.
conclusion : this trial offers insight regarding design for future interventions that may allow greater flexibility in length of delivery beyond our study's 12-week timeframe.
practice implications : our study was designed for the time constraints of today's clinical practice setting.
forty-seven older drivers completed an on-road evaluation where directions were provided by an in-vehicle gps navigation system and their behaviour was recorded using video technology.
they later completed a questionnaire to assess their perception of the navigation system.
after the study , participants were grouped based on whether they were able to accurately follow the instructions provided by the navigation system.
the results indicated that most drivers were satisfied with the navigation technology and found the directions it provided to be clear.
background : aging effects on speech understanding in noise have primarily been assessed through speech recognition tasks.
research design : in the semantic judgment task , participants indicated via button press whether word pairs were a semantic match or no match.
this task was performed in quiet , as well as , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ db snr with two-talker speech competition.
data collection and analysis : accuracy , reaction time , and false alarm rate were measured and analyzed using a mixed design analysis of variance.
results : a decrease in snr level significantly reduced accuracy and increased reaction time in both yas and oas.
however , poor snrs affected accuracy and reaction time of match and no match word pairs differently.
accuracy for match pairs declined at a steeper rate than no match pairs in both groups as snr decreased.
false-alarm rates indicated that participants had a response bias to no match pairs as the snr decreased.
age-related differences were limited to no match pair accuracies at @number@ db snr.
overall , the semantic judgment task in competing speech elucidated the effect of a poor listening environment on the higher order processing of words.
moreover , an increasing proportion of new hiv diagnoses are made in people older than @number@ y.
in this review we focus on the pathogenesis of hiv-induced immunosenescence and on the clinical management of older hiv-infected patients.
elbow tendinopathy accounts for the majority of elbow pathology in patients presenting to upper extremity and sports medicine surgeons.
with increased participation in overhead sports in an aging population , the incidence of elbow injuries has risen.
a revived dedication to the physical examination may enhance our ability to correctly diagnose various pathologies about the elbow.
early and accurate clinical diagnosis is the first step in the proper initiation of treatment modalities and improvement in overall patient outcome.
these findings will be useful to assess the potential benefits of foods with high polyphenol content.
diabetes mellitus is a risk for brain injury.
hyperglycemia is a cause of cognitive deterioration , low intelligent quotient , neurodegeneration , brain aging , brain atrophy and dementia.
it also highlights the mechanisms of diabetes-induced brain injury.
the potentials for prevention and treatment are also discussed.
expert commentary : we summarize the risks and the possible mechanisms of dm-induced brain injury and recommend strategies for neuroprotection and neurorestoration.
recently , a number of drugs and substances [ in addition to insulin and its mimics ] have shown promising potentials against diabetes-induced brain injury.
these include : antioxidants , neuroinflammation inhibitors , anti-apoptotics , neurotrophic factors , ache inhibitors , mitochondrial function modifiers and cell based therapies.
immune checkpoint inhibition is a novel treatment modality that has brought a new hope to patients with advanced nsclc.
expert opinion : there are several outstanding goals that need to be met for the proper and safe use of immunotherapeutic drugs.
objectives : suicidal behavior ( sb ) is a major cause of mortality for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder ( bd ) .
in this study , we investigated epigenetic differences in bd participants with and without a history of sb.
epigenome-wide dna methylation patterns were compared between the two groups using the illumina infinium human methylation @number@ beadchip microarray.
dna methylation age was compared to chronological tissue age.
we determined how often applying the tbs adjustment to fracture probability altered treatment qualification.
population-based health services data were used to identify incident non-traumatic mof and hf in @number@ and @number@ women , respectively.
baseline mof and hf probabilities were estimated using frax before and after applying the tbs adjustment.
for women close to an intervention cut-off reclassification , rates ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ and were < 1% otherwise.
nri was larger in women below age @number@ years ( up to @number@ for hip fracture ) .
in summary , a small but significant improvement in mof and hf risk assessment was found by using lumbar spine tbs to adjust frax probability.
after adjustment for time-dependent fracture status , results were attenuated and not statistically significant.
objectives : to examine the association between life-space mobility and cognitive decline over a five-year period among older mexican americans.
design : longitudinal study.
participants : four hundred thirty-two mexican americans aged @number@ and older with normal or high cognitive function at baseline.
life-space assessment ( lsa ) during the past @number@ weeks was assessed during in-home interview.
because of the small sample size in the category of @number@ to @number@ the two highest categories were combined into a single group.
conclusion : greater life-space mobility at baseline was predictor of slower rates of cognitive decline over @number@ years in older mexican americans.
lipids draw increasing attention of cell biologists because of the wide variety of functions beyond their role as building blocks of cellular membranes.
mitochondrial membranes possess characteristic lipid compositions that are intimately associated with mitochondrial architecture and activities.
therefore , quantitative assessment of lipids in isolated mitochondria is of importance for mitochondrial research.
studies have convincingly shown that both physical and mental activity are positively associated with cognitive task performance in aging.
the current study explored this relationship in @number@ volunteers aged sixty years and older.
participants completed a neuropsychological test battery , and data regarding the number of working hours ( paid and voluntary ) per week were collected.
a total of @number@ participants were included , @number@ of whom worked three or more hours per week.
as a group , these active participants achieved better episodic memory , sustained attention and psychomotor speed results.
this study shows that older people who are still working demonstrate better neuropsychological task performance.
an important question for future research concerns the causality of this relationship.
educational can alter these beliefs.
prior to new information , patients often have to be de-educated regarding common misbeliefs to undergo re-education.
purpose : adults after surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot ( tof ) may have impaired vascular and cardiac autonomic function.
selected hrr and hrv ( time-domain ) parameters , but not arterial stiffness were significantly reduced in adults after tof repair.
these results might help in introducing new predictors of cardiovascular morbidity in a growing population of adults after surgical repair of tof.
aβ accumulation leads to the formation of aβ aggregates , which may directly and indirectly lead to eventual neurodegeneration.
here , we show that astrocytic lrp1 plays a critical role in brain aβ clearance.
lrp1 knockdown in primary astrocytes resulted in decreased cellular aβ uptake and degradation.
more important , conditional knock-out of the
background : sleep disturbance is suggested to contribute to the development of dementia.
however , prospective longitudinal data from middle-aged populations are scarce.
methods : we investigated a population-based sample of @number@ men aged 42-62 years at baseline during 1984-1989.
difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep , sleep duration and daytime tiredness were enquired.
dementia diagnoses ( n = 287 ) between @number@ and @number@ were obtained through linkage with hospital discharge , national death and special reimbursement registers.
daytime tiredness and sleep duration were not associated with dementia in adjusted analysis.
in the conclusions : self-reported frequent sleep disturbance in middle-aged men may relate to the development of dementia in later life.
however , there is still debate over whether the major impact on aging is secondary to caloric intake , protein intake or specific amino acids.
nutritional geometry is a state-space modelling approach that explores how animals respond to and balance changes in nutrient availability.
the systemic and cerebral microcirculation contribute critically to regulation of local and global blood flow and perfusion pressure.
nadph oxidases ( noxs ) are a primary source of ros in the vascular system and play a central role in cardiovascular health and disease.
telomere length attrition has been demonstrated in schizophrenia but not in individuals in ultra high risk ( uhr ) for psychosis.
twenty-two participants with uhr and @number@ hc were enrolled in this study.
telomere lengths were determined using a multiplex qpcr assay.
shorter leukocyte telomere length in uhr could represent early signs of accelerated aging in this population.
atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and with an aging population its prevalence will increase.
microglia constitute the resident immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system.
here , this review will describe the changing behavior of microglia from development and birth through to the aged brain.
manganese ( mn ) is one of the most studied environmental heavy metals linked to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we conducted a metaanalysis to analyze the serum mn levels in patients with ad and mci.
our findings show that the serum mn levels are lower in ad patients , and mn deficiency may be a risk factor for ad.
continuous chemical investigation of the gorgonian coral micronutrient deficiencies and inadequacies constitute a global health issue , particularly among countries in the middle east.
the objective of this review is to identify micronutrient deficits in the middle east and to consider current and new approaches to address this problem.
based on the availability of more recent data , this review is primarily focused on countries that are in advanced nutrition transition.
reports indicate that food fortification in the region is sporadic and ineffective , and the use of dietary supplements is low.
nutrition monitoring in the region is limited , and gaps in relevant information present challenges for implementing new policies and approaches to address the problem.
skin is the outermost part of the body and is , thus , inevitably exposed to uv rays and environmental pollutants.
oxidative stress by these hazardous factors accelerates skin aging and induces skin inflammation and carcinogenesis.
aryl hydrocarbon receptors ( ahrs ) are chemical sensors that are abundantly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and mediate the production of reactive oxygen species.
notably , there is fine-tuned crosstalk between ahr and nrf2 , which mutually increase or decrease their activation states.
many nrf2-mediated antioxidant phytochemicals are capable of up- and downmodulating ahr signaling.
the precise mechanisms by which these phytochemicals differentially affect the ahr and nrf2 system remain largely unknown and warrant future investigation.
both parkinson's disease ( pd ) and stroke are debilitating conditions that result in neuronal death and loss of neurological functions.
these two conditions predominantly affect aging populations with the deterioration of the quality of life for the patients themselves and a tremendous burden to families.
while the neurodegeneration and symptomology of pd develop chronically over the years , post-stroke neuronal death and dysfunction develop rapidly in days.
emerging evidence indicates that several proteins associated with early-onset familial pd play critical roles in mediating the neuronal death.
this review discusses the significance of these proteins with the emphasis on the role of α-synuclein in mediating post-ischemic brain damage.
senescent cells accumulate with aging and at sites of pathology in multiple chronic diseases.
reducing senescent cell burden by genetic approaches or by administering senolytics delays or alleviates multiple age- and disease-related adverse phenotypes in preclinical models.
reported senolytics include dasatinib , quercetin , navitoclax ( abt263 ) , and piperlongumine.
hiit reversed many age-related differences in the proteome , particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis.
both rt and hiit enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age.
only small changes of methylation of dna promoter regions were observed.
regulators of immune-metabolic interactions include host genetics , nutritional status , and the intestinal microbiome.
cellular senescence is an important in vivo mechanism that prevents the propagation of damaged cells.
however , the precise mechanisms regulating senescence are not well characterized.
moreover , cilengitide , an αvβ3 antagonist , has the ability to block the senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) without affecting proliferation.
finally , we show an increase in β3 levels in a subset of tissues during aging.
altogether , our data show that integrin β3 subunit is a marker and regulator of senescence.
results : the first stage grouped the identified problems by level of similarity , comprising a body of @number@ issues for analysis.
in the second stage these problems were classified by the health team members by epidemiological criteria ( size , vulnerability , and transcendence ) .
there are no default formulas for selecting priority issues.
objetivo : descrever a metodologia utilizada no processo de estabelecimento de prioridades em saúde para intervenção comunitária , numa comunidade idosa.
resultados : na primeira etapa , agruparam-se por nível de similitude os problemas identificados , constituindo-se um corpo de @number@ problemas para análise.
não existem fórmulas predeterminadas para a seleção de problemas prioritários.
senescence secretome was recently reported to promote liver cancer in an obese mouse model.
the expression of α-smooth muscle actin ( α-sma ) , p21waf1 / cif1 , γ-h2ax , and il-6 was investigated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence.
in conclusion , sh-hccs are considered to occur more frequently in metabolic syndrome patients.
therein , senescent and damaged cafs , as well as non-tumoral stellate cells , expressing sasp including il- @date@ contribute to the development of sh-hcc.
background : aging involves reductions in exercise total limb blood flow and exercise capacity.
in addition , total leg blood flow as recorded by femoral artery doppler-flow.
moreover , fiber-type-specific and overall capillarisation as well as fiber composition were additionally assessed in vlat biopsies obtained from ceus site.
ma and yg had similar quadriceps muscle mrt-volume or pt and maximal oxygen uptake as well as a normal cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media-thickness.
in the vint the ( post-occlusive hyperemia ) post-exercise peaks in mbv and mbf were significantly lower in ma vs. yg.
capillary density , capillary fiber contacts and femoral artery doppler were similar between ma and yg.
whether this limits isometric muscle performance remains to be assessed.
we examined the associations between frailty and inflammatory markers , in particular neutrophil lymphocyte ratio ( nlr ) , in elderly cancer patients.
we included patients in the csr who had a ga and complete blood count test before initiation of therapy.
the primary outcome was frailty , determined using the 36-item carolina frailty index ( cfi ) .
in our sample of @number@ patients , the median age was @number@ and @percent@ were robust , @percent@ were pre-frail , and @percent@ were frail.
there was a significant positive correlation between cfi and nlr ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
this study suggests an association between frailty and inflammation in older adults with cancer.
the pre-mrna alternative splicing of htert at the post-transcriptional level is one of the mechanisms for the regulation of telomerase activity.
shifts in splicing patterns occur in the development , tumorigenesis , and response to diverse stimuli in a tissue-specific and cell type-specific manner.
despite the regulation of telomerase activity , the alternative splicing of htert pre-mrna may play a role in other cellular functions.
modulating the mode of htert pre-mrna splicing is providing a new precept of therapy for cancer and aging-related diseases.
introduction : physical and mental changes associated with aging commonly lead to a decrease in communication capacity , reducing social interactions and increasing loneliness.
computer classes for older adults make significant contributions to social and cognitive aspects of aging.
games in a virtual reality ( vr ) environment stimulate the practice of communicative and cognitive skills and might also bring benefits to older adults.
furthermore , it might help to initiate their contact to the modern technology.
for the intervention phase @number@ other games will be used : coincident timing , motor skill analyser , labyrinth , and fitts.
performance and reaction time during the practice of the games will also be correlated to the loneliness perception.
ethics and dissemination : the protocol is approved by the host institution's ethics committee under the number @number@
results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and conferences.
this clinical trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02798081.
the aim of this review was to determine whether or not poor pi healing in older adults is a result of suboptimal zinc status.
results : of @number@ total studies , @number@ satisfied the inclusion criteria and investigated pi in older adults versus nutritional intake.
monitoring for nutritional deficiencies , including zn , is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
discussion : recently , zn in combination with ons containing additional kilocalories , protein , and other trace elements , has been investigated for pis.
although both standard and specialty ons interventions improve outcomes , findings are inconsistent regarding preferable formulations for the treatment of older adults.
monitoring for nutritional deficiencies , including zn , is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
conclusion : this population benefits from the clinical application of supplementation with preparations containing zn , added calories , protein , and other trace elements.
this improves outcomes , decreases healing time , and mitigates comorbidities.
background : the evaluation and treatment of heel pressure injuries are a significant and expensive sequela of the aging population.
materials and methods : a retrospective chart review of @number@ consecutive inpatients with @number@ heel decubitus ulcerations was performed.
results : at least @number@ noncompressible ankle artery was observed in @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ feet.
conclusions : the results of this study suggest noninvasive vascular testing may be inaccurate and unreliable in the majority of patients with heel pressure injuries.
a small proportion had no artificial hydration or no antibiotic orders in place.
overall , there was congruence between documented medical orders and treatment received.
findings showed that use of hospice and discussions about particular life-sustaining treatments each had significant associations with having less aggressive medical orders in place.
these results can inform best practice development to promote high quality , person-directed , end-of-life care for nursing home residents.
the combination of modern interventional and preventive medicine has led to an epidemic of ageing.
purpose : the effect of cataract and other media opacities on functional vision is typically assessed clinically using visual acuity.
in both clinical and basic research , straylight ( the functional result of light scattering in the eye ) is commonly measured.
experimental and theoretical aspects will be considered , with a focus on normal ageing and cataract formation.
conclusions : the point-spread-function of the normal ageing and cataractous human eye is built upon two rather independent basic parts.
aberrations control the central peak.
light scattering controls the periphery from about 1° onwards.
the way acuity and straylight are measured ensures no confounding between them.
statistically within the normal ageing and cataract populations , visual acuity and straylight vary quite independently from each other.
visual acuity losses with cataract and other media opacities are not due to straylight , but caused by aberrations and micro-aberrations.
straylight defines disability glare , and causes symptoms of glare , haloes , hazy vision etc.
overall , visual acuity and straylight are rather independent aspects of quality of vision.
we found up to 800-fold enrichment of genetic risk in cbd across different levels of significance for psp or ftd.
the risk alleles of the shared snps were associated with expression changes in cis-genes.
if detected at an early stage , prognosis is good.
despite increasing evidence for the benefits of implemented screening programs , such as screening colonoscopy , compliance is rather low.
hence there is demand for non-invasive tests for the early detection of crc with high acceptance in population-wide screening.
the objective of this study was to identify and evaluate leukocyte dna methylation patterns as a potential biomarker for early detection of crc.
methods : blood samples of patients scheduled for a screening colonoscopy were collected before the procedure.
additionally , blood samples from crc cases recruited in a clinical setting were collected.
dna was extracted from leukocytes , and dna methylation was measured with the infinium 450k beadchip.
in total , @number@ crc cases and @number@ controls from the screening setting and @number@ crc cases from the clinical setting were measured.
results : an epigenome-wide discovery revealed two cpg sites in the promoter region of kiaa1549l that were significantly differentially methylated between cases and controls.
a third marker in the body region of bcl2 was discovered in a candidate approach testing biomarkers reported in the literature.
previous neuroimaging studies reveal that mci is associated with aberrant sensory-perceptual processing in cortical brain regions subserving auditory and language function.
however , whether the pathophysiology of mci extends to speech processing before conscious awareness ( brainstem ) is unknown.
group differences also interacted with age differentially across the auditory pathway ; brainstem responses became larger and cortical erps smaller with advancing age.
brainstem responses were also a more robust predictor of individuals ' mci severity than cortical activity.
following differentiation during fetal development , β cells further adapt to their postnatal role through functional maturation.
the marked heterogeneity long after maturation raises the prospect that diverse populations harbor distinct roles aside from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
anomalies in dismantling the machinery of dna replication can compromise genome integrity and contribute to tumorigenesis and aging.
noncompartmental approaches give limited physiological insight in the compartmental characteristics.
participants reported experiences of weight discrimination in everyday life and frequency of light , moderate and vigorous physical activities.
geriatric patients often experience insomnia because of physiological and neurological changes that occur during the aging process.
background : in aging populations , multimorbidity causes a disease burden of growing importance and cost.
however , estimates of the prevalence of multimorbidity ( prevmm ) vary widely across studies , impeding valid comparisons and interpretation of differences.
methods : study data were obtained through systematic review of the literature.
our database consisted of prevalence estimates in @number@ age groups taken from @number@ studies.
to assess the effects of study design variables , we used meta regression models.
results : in @percent@ of the studies , there was only one age group , i.e. , no stratification by age.
the number of persons per age group ranged from @number@ to @number@ million.
a separate analysis showed that prevmm was significantly higher in women than men ( sign test , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : comparable prevalence estimates are urgently needed for realistic description of the magnitude of the problem of multimorbidity.
based on the results of our analyses of variables affecting prevmm , we make some design recommendations.
our suggestions were guided by a pragmatic approach and aimed at facilitating the implementation of a uniform methodology.
this should aid progress towards a more uniform operationalization of multimorbidity.
background : the incidence of herpes zoster ( hz ) is increasing and poses a significant health concern to aging populations.
several studies suggest an increased risk of stroke following zoster infection , but the results are conflicting.
we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if stroke risk is increased following hz infection.
adjusted relative risks reported for similar follow-up durations were pooled across studies separately using random-effects inverse variance models.
results : data were pooled from nine studies.
the risk remains elevated one year after the acute episode.
conclusions : herpes zoster is an established risk factor for increasing the risk of stroke , especially shortly after infection.
vaccination should be encouraged in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
medication non-adherence is a pressing concern among seniors , leading to a lower quality of life and higher healthcare costs.
in collaboration with a local aging in place program , we conducted a three-month study with sixteen participants from an independent living facility.
our study found that the application helped participants to effectively track their medications and improved their sense of wellbeing.
obviously , all of these changes are more pronounced in ad and proceed faster providing the basis for an ad diagnosis.
since these differences are quantitative , however , it was hypothesized that ad might simply reflect an accelerated aging process.
these qualitative differences clearly indicate that ad cannot be simply described as accelerated aging process but on the contrary represents a solid entity.
the 3d environment of the anatomical structures contained in the mtl is an important issue.
methods : mtl anatomical landmarks are identified and registered to create a 3d network.
the brain network is quantitatively described as a plane , rostrocaudally-oriented , and presenting euclidean / real distances.
results : in both @number@.5t and 3t rm images and histology , inter-rater reliability was high.
sex and hemisphere had no influence on network pattern.
minor changes were found in relation to aging.
distances from the temporal pole to the dentate gyrus showed the most significant differences when comparing control and ad groups.
the best discriminative distance between control and ad cases was found in the temporal pole / dentate gyrus rostrocaudal length in histological sections.
objective : we investigate the associations of these overlapping psychosocial factors with incident mci-dementia ( neurocognitive disorder ) in a population cohort.
conclusion : individuals who were married and those who were very satisfied with life are protected against the risk of developing mci and dementia.
recent genome wide association studies have identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with late onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
we examined the associations of @number@ load risk loci , individually and collectively as a genetic risk score , with cognitive function.
linear mixed models were generated to examine associations between genetic factors and cognitive performance.
in addition , a weighted genetic risk score was associated with linear rate of change in episodic memory and information processing speed.
our results suggest that a minority of ad related snps may be associated with non-clinical cognitive decline.
further research is required to verify these results and to examine the effect of preclinical ad in genetic association studies of cognitive decline.
the identification of load risk loci associated with non-clinical cognitive performance may help in screening for individuals at greater risk of cognitive decline.
volatile organic compounds ( voc ) are organic chemicals that have high vapor pressure at regular conditions.
some voc could be dangerous to human health , therefore it is important to determine real-time indoor and outdoor personal exposures to voc.
to achieve this goal , our group has developed a wearable gas monitor with a complete sensor fabrication and calibration protocol for free-living conditions.
falling is one of the most serious medical and social problems in aging population.
therefore taking care of the elderly by detecting activity and falling for preventing and mitigating the injuries caused by falls needs to be concerned.
this study proposes a wearable , wireless , battery free ultra-high frequency ( uhf ) smart sensor tag module for falling and activity detection.
the battery free sensor module could improve the wearability of the wireless device.
the fabricated smart sensor tag module has an operating range of up to @number@.5m and conducting in real-time activity and falling detection.
progressive population aging has created many problems.
many aged people suffers from cataract because prevalence of cataract in advanced age is far higher than younger people.
in this study , we have focused on n170 as a visibility-related signal for quantitative evaluation of cataract.
in this report , basic evaluation of n170 in presenting numerical images which had different contrasts was performed.
amplitude and latency were extracted from n170 , and then relations to the contrasts of the images were checked.
the results showed that the experiments had feasibility , reproducibility and universality.
aging population is a major concern that is reflected in the increase of chronic diseases.
all the available clinical parameters within the dataset along with the parameters characterizing the respiratory pattern were used to classify the observations into two groups.
student's t-tests were used to select the components displaying significant group difference for a more purposed analysis.
linear discriminant analysis ( lda ) and support vector machine ( svm ) were used as candidates for the classification technique.
amid trends toward aging populations in developed nations , the number of people requiring nursing care has increased markedly.
slips and falls during ordinary daily activities are a common cause of fractured bones and muscle injury.
several studies have analyzed the movements produced by artificially generated slip and fall stimuli , but few have investigated these stimuli.
each participant demonstrated a different recovery method from falling.
balance confidence was quantified by the abc-16 , which includes the abc-6.
potential correlates were evaluated in physical and psychological domains.
results : the abc-6 and abc-16 balance confidence scores were strongly correlated ( r = 0.969 ; p < 0.001 ; convergent validity ) .
conclusions : the abc-6 and abc-16 had excellent convergent validity , and both abc scales had similar concurrent validity.
however , the abc-6 was more sensitive in detecting subtle differences in balance confidence in older adults with diabetes without diagnosed dpn than the abc-16.
overall , this pilot study provided evidence of the validity of the abc-6 in older adults with diabetes.
further exploration involving a larger sample size is recommended to confirm these findings.
herein , we report an argentinean family , of basque ancestry , with an extensive family history of behavioral variant of ftd.
twenty-one members over @number@ generations composed the pedigree.
an extensive neurologic and neurocognitive examination was performed on @number@ symptomatic individuals and @number@ nonsymptomatic individuals.
two different phenotypes were identified among affected members , cbs in the proband and ftd in his brother.
in both affected individuals , a missense mutation ( p.p301l ; rs63751273 ) in exon @number@ of the mapt gene ( chr17q21.3 ) was identified.
background : obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are increasing among older adults.
food insecurity is a nutrition-related factor that coexists with obesity among low-income individuals.
study design : cross-sectional @number@ and @number@ national health interview survey data were used.
food insecurity status was determined by ≥3 affirmative responses on the 10-item us department of agriculture food security scale ( fss ) .
body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated as outlined by the centers for disease control and prevention based on self-reported height and weight.
statistical analyses performed : multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by gender to estimate the association between food insecurity and higher weight status.
all models included covariates.
conclusions : food insecurity-overweight and -obesity paradox appears not to be present in older men.
however , food insecurity and obesity coexist among low-income , older women.
research has provided convincing evidence of a link between healthy eating patterns and healthy aging.
this paper describes the potential of new food product development to facilitate dietary modification and address health deficiencies in older adults.
background : traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is extremely common across the lifespan and is an established risk factor for dementia.
our aim was to describe the cognitive profile associated with prior tbi exposure among community-dwelling older adults without dementia-an understudied but potentially vulnerable population.
mean time since first tbi was @number@ ± @number@ y.
we compared outcomes between the two tbi groups using regression models adjusting for demographics , medical comorbidities , and depression.
sensitivity analyses stratified by tbi severity produced similar results.
living systems are open , out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic entities , that maintain order by locally reducing their entropy.
in this paper , we discuss the various metrics that can be used to understand the process of aging from a complexity science perspective.
in order to support our claims , we draw parallels between technological progress and biological growth.
such parallels are used to support the universal applicability of the metrics and the methodology presented in this paper.
therefore , the results and the arguments presented in this paper throw light on the finer nuances of the science of aging.
background : immunofluorescence ( if ) plays a major role in quantifying protein expression in situ and understanding cell function.
it is widely applied in assessing disease mechanisms and in drug discovery research.
automation of if analysis can transform studies using experimental cell models.
human postmortem brain samples challenges neuroscientists because of the high level of autofluorescence caused by accumulation of lipofuscin pigment during aging , hindering systematic analyses.
we propose a method for automating cell counting and classification in if microscopy of human postmortem brains.
our algorithm speeds up the quantification task while improving reproducibility.
new method : dictionary learning and sparse coding allow for constructing improved cell representations using if images.
these models are input for detection and segmentation methods.
classification occurs by means of color distances between cells and a learned set.
results : our method successfully detected and classified cells in @number@ human brain images.
we evaluated our results regarding true positive , false positive , false negative , precision , recall , false positive rate and f1 score metrics.
we also measured user-experience and time saved compared to manual countings.
comparison with existing methods : we compared our results to four open-access if-based cell-counting tools available in the literature.
our method showed improved accuracy for all data samples.
background : we sought to investigate the relation between frailty indices and 12-month mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) .
methods : we included @number@ consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who have undergone tavi.
the primary endpoint was 12-month all-cause mortality.
results : twelve-month all-cause mortality was @percent@.
conclusions : our study confirmed a strong predictive ability of most of the proposed frailty indices for 12-month mortality after tavi.
the intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases.
applying antioxidants to attenuate skin photoaging has received great attention.
ingestion of acps significantly alleviated uv-induced abnormal alterations of skin components and antioxidative indicators in both serum and skin ( p < @number@ ) .
the histological analysis result further demonstrates that acps exerted a stronger beneficial effect on normalizing skin structure and collagen arrangement than tp and cp.
accordingly , acps have potential for nutraceuticals as anti-skin-photoaging ingredients.
the use of collagen hydrolysates ( chs ) as a nutraceutical agent in skin aging has gained increasing attention.
here , the effects of various doses and molecular weights of ch from silver carp skin on photoaging in mice were investigated.
by contrast , gelatin ( > 120 kda ) ingestion did not bring a significant change compared to model mice.
people serving prison sentences have major needs in terms of their physical and mental health.
for the group @number@ we recruited @number@ male prisoners aged @number@ and over in @number@ french prisons.
the control group was composed of @number@ community-dwelling men aged @number@ and over.
the results reveal a very high prevalence of mental disorders among older prisoners , notably depression and anxiety.
the evaluation of perceived health and quality of life is also significantly lower in the group of older prisoners.
we discuss the link between having one or more mental disorders and a negative evaluation of perceived health and quality of life.
hence , a better understanding of this type of memory is a priority in the field of public health.
due to its many characteristics , the vr allows to solve several limitations of the traditional tests.
frailty , a clinical syndrome that typically occurs in older adults , implies a reduced ability to tolerate biological stressors.
frailty accompanies many age-related diseases but can also occur without overt evidence of end-organ disease.
the condition is associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia , features that are shared with heart failure ( hf ) .
however , the biological underpinnings of frailty remain unclear and the interaction with hf is complex.
we discuss the limitations in investigating the pathophysiology of frailty due to few relevant experimental models.
questions pertaining to self-rated competency , knowledge and attitudes used a five-point likert scale.
results : completed responses were received from @number@ and @number@ practising optometrists in australia and new zealand , respectively.
optical coherence tomography was also associated with higher self-rated competency , knowledge and perceived relevance to practice than other modalities.
introduction : in italy , @percent@ of the elderly are estimated to have suffered abuse.
background : hyperglycaemia increases the risk of type @number@ diabetes , heart disease and stroke , and is influenced by weight.
however , the impact of preceding weight change on blood glycemia levels in late-life is less well understood.
aim : we studied the interplay between weight change and risk of hyperglycaemia in a prospective cohort of elderly women.
overweight and obese women who lost weight decreased their risk of hyperglycaemia to a level comparable to weight-stable normalweight women.
overweight and obese women with stable weight presented a two-fold increased risk of hyperglycaemia compared to normalweight weight-stable women.
the study highlights that strategies to reduce weight in obese and overweight elderly women could have a positive influence on disease burden in late-life.
survey data were collected from @number@ residents in san diego county.
results indicated that self-efficacy and values mediated the relationship between knowledge and pro-environmental behavior.
ageing is a complex process that affects nearly all animal species.
this process can be studied at several levels of abstraction , in different organisms and with different objectives in mind.
additionally , several biomarkers of ageing were found by machine learning.
none : there is increasing need to understand patient outcomes in osteoporosis.
more information is required on how treatments impact physical function.
introduction : there is increasing need to understand patient-centred outcomes in osteoporosis ( op ) clinical research and management.
this multi-method paper provides insight on the effect of op on patients ' physical function and everyday activity.
results : results suggest that op , particularly with fracture , can have profound impacts on physical function / activity.
fluorescent light-up probes with aggregation-induced emission ( aie ) characteristics have been focused on recently.
in a slightly alkaline solution , the devd-tpe probe displayed almost no fluorescence owing to the dynamic rotation of the phenyl rings in solution.
however , devd-tpe exhibited significant fluorescence when it was cleaved by caspase-3 , as well as when the reporter group tpe underwent aggregation.
cell proliferation and apoptosis assays indicated that the three cell lines had different sensitivities to gefitinib.
the results of analysis by living-cell fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry were consistent with those of the cell proliferation and apoptosis assays.
this demonstrated that our probe could detect caspase-3 in living cells , which confirmed the apoptosis of nsclc cells.
furthermore , our probe indicated that gefitinib was more efficient against hcc827 cells than against the other two nsclc cell lines.
this report proves that the fluorescent probe devd-tpe is highly sensitive to caspase-3 and has potential prospects in the rapid screening of nsclc.
oxidative stress and synapse dysfunction are the major neurodegenerative damage correlated to cognitive impairment in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
nevertheless , a full understanding of the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics through differentiation is still lacking.
here we show the bioenergetics profile of human stem cells of embryonic origin differentiating along the hepatic lineage.
lacunar strokes and white matter ( wm ) injury are consequences of svd.
the main vascular risk factor for svd is brain hypoperfusion from cerebral blood vessel narrowing due to chronic hypertension.
the hypoperfusion leads to activation and degeneration of astrocytes with the resulting fibrosis of the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) .
elasticity is lost in fibrotic cerebral vessels , reducing the response of stiffened blood vessels in times of increased metabolic need.
we find surprising evidence that at @number@ months the loc has functional specialization that is highly similar to adults.
this finding extends evidence of loc specialization from early childhood into infancy and earlier than developmental trajectories of high-level visual regions.
the chemical potentialities of metabolites far exceed metabolic requirements.
the required potentialities are realized mostly through enzymatic catalysis.
hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm hg , or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm hg , or receiving antihypertensive medications.
among @number@ normotensive men at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed hypertension during the mean @number@ years of follow-up.
no association was observed between increased intermuscular adipose tissue and hypertension.
aging and its underlying pathophysiological background has always attracted the attention of the scientific society.
endocrine function undergoes major changes during aging , as well.
specifically , alterations in hormonal networks and concomitant hormonal deficits / excess , augmented by poor sensitivity of tissues to their action , take place.
introduction : we investigated the clinical differences between familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) , screening for mutations in known ftd genes.
mutations in common causative ftd genes ( grn , mapt , vcp , and tardbp ) and c9orf72 expansions were screened.
results : behavioral variant of ftd was the most common clinical subtype ( @percent@ and @percent@ in familial and sporadic cases , respectively ) .
social conduct impairment / disinhibition , loss of insight , and inflexibility were the most frequent clinical features observed at onset.
mutations in common causative ftd genes are not a major cause of familial and sporadic ftd in the southern italian population.
background : metabolic syndrome has become a major public health challenge worldwide.
the association between metabolic syndrome and dna methylation is of great research interest.
results : we constructed a binomial model to investigate the association between a metabolic syndrome index and dna methylation in the normative aging study.
conclusion : the proposed method identifies four cpgs which can be mapped to two biologically relevant and functional genes.
identification of significant cpg markers may potentially have practical implications for disease prevention and treatment.
treatment with lipid-lowering drugs , statins , is common all over the world.
lately , the occurrence of spontaneous tendon ruptures or tendinosis have suggested a negative influence of statins upon tendon tissue.
but how statins might influence tendons is not clear.
after seven days of treatment , mechanical testing of the constructs was performed.
collagen content and cell proliferation were also determined. mrna levels of several target genes were measured after one or seven days.
statin treatment also introduced increased mrna levels of mmp-1 , mmp-3 , mmp-13 , timp-1 and decreased levels of collagen type @number@ and @number@
in conclusion , statin treatment appears to have a negative effect on tendon matrix quality as seen by a reduced strength of the tendon constructs.
a 72-year-old woman developed new-onset depression , sustained an unexplained fall , and started walking cautiously.
after @number@ year , her depression resolved but she developed a dry cough.
the differential diagnosis , neuroimaging , and pathological findings are discussed , as well as their public health implications.
however , in most tissue types the capillary network has an anisotropic micro-architecture.
perfusion-related indices and self-diffusion were modelled as symmetric rank @number@ tensors.
the geometry of the tensors was quantified pixel-wise by decomposing the tensor in sphere-like , plane-like , and line-like components.
additionally , trace and fractional anisotropy of the tensors were computed.
this study shows that the ivim perfusion estimates in the cerebral gray matter present a detectable deviation from the spherical model.
these non-spherical components may reflect the direction-dependent morphology of the microcirculation.
objective : physical activity ( pa ) , especially moderate-to-vigorous intensity , could protect older adults from cognitive impairment.
however , most literature is based on self-reported pa which is limited by recall bias.
light pa is popular among older adults , but a paucity of objective longitudinal data has considered the relationship between light pa and cognitive ability.
methods : a longitudinal study over @time@ ( ±1.46 ) months including @number@ community-dwelling older adults across @number@ regions in taiwan was undertaken.
multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for confounders were undertaken.
results : @number@ participants ( @number@.52years , @percent@ male ) attended the follow-up ( @percent@ ) .
mvpa , was also associated with a reduced decline in cognitive ability ( rate ratio @number@ [ @number@.75-0.95 ] ) .
conclusion : our data suggest that light pa may offer a protective influence of future cognitive ability in community dwelling older adults.
the promotion of light pa may be a valuable means to maintain cognitive ability in older age.
our goal was to develop a predictive tool using variables available at admission to predict outcomes related to severity of brain injury in aging patients.
all variables were independent predictors of outcome.
two models were developed using these data.
the first included age , sex , and gcs.
the second substituted rts for gcs.
c statistics from the models for survival and idc were @number@ and @number@ in the gcs model.
in the rts model , c statistics were @number@ and @number@
the use of gcs provided better discrimination and was chosen for further examination.
the survival and idc models both showed excellent discrimination ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : these models can assist in predicting the probability of survival and idc for aging patients with tbi.
this provides important data for loved ones of these patients when addressing goals of care.
over-activated neutrophils produce enormous oxidative stress and play a key role in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
this leftward bias has been attributed to hemispheric lateralization or experiential factors.
in a separate sample of young and old participants , we replicated the age related effect in the assumed light source direction.
furthermore , in both young and old participants the assumed light source direction and the lateralized bias in a line bisection task were correlated.
these findings suggest that diminished hemispheric lateralization , which accompanies aging , may affect the perception of the 3d structure of shaded surfaces.
shape from shading may thus provide a simple behavioral tool to track age related changes in hemispheric organization.
in this study , the ability of 7-hc to protect human hepg2 cells against mg-induced toxicity and oxidative stress was investigated.
in response to 7-hc , nrf2 protein translocates from cytosol to the nuclei.
background : the natural course and clinical significance of delirium in the emergency department ( ed ) is unclear.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : tertiary care , academic medical center.
participants : ed patients ≥65 years old who were admitted to the hospital.
measurements : the modified brief confusion assessment method was used to ascertain delirium in the ed and hospital.
results : a total of @number@ older ed patients were enrolled.
of the @number@ patients who were delirious in the ed , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ' delirium persisted into hospitalization.
for every ed delirium duration day , the 6-month iqcode increased @number@ points ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) indicating poorer cognition.
conclusions : delirium in the ed is not a transient event and frequently persists into hospitalization.
longer ed delirium duration is associated with an incremental worsening of 6-month functional and cognitive outcomes.
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : urban tertiary care hospital and community hospital.
participants : medical icu survivors of mechanical ventilation aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
in the last @number@ participants recruited , we made additional assessments of fatigue and esas both at baseline and @number@ month after discharge.
at 1-month follow-up , there were no significant differences in the proportions of participants with moderate to severe symptoms.
conclusion : older icu survivors have a high burden of palliative care needs that persist @number@ month after discharge.
fatigue is the most-prevalent symptom and may interfere with recovery.
post-icu frailty may be a useful trigger for palliative care consultation and a treatment target.
design : cohort-sequential design.
setting : nationwide , older population-based longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
outcomes were change scores in mobility and activities in daily living ( adls ) .
respondents who died during the 3-year period were assigned to a third outcome category.
adjusting for confounders did not significantly change these estimates.
period did not modify these associations.
objectives : hospitalization in community-dwelling elderly is often accompanied by functional loss , increasing the risk for continued functional decline and future institutionalization.
the primary objective of our study was to examine the hospital-level variation in rates of new institutionalizations among medicare beneficiaries.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : hospitals and nursing homes.
participants : medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries discharged from @number@ hospitals in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
results : the overall observed rate of new institutionalizations was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
observed rates ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ across states.
the variation in rates attributable to the hospital after adjusting for case-mix and state was @percent@.
conclusion : hospitalization may be a critical period for preventing future institutionalization among elderly patients.
design : two-wave survey design.
setting : province of quebec , canada.
participants : lead nurses and physicians at @number@ eds that participated in both the t1 and t2 surveys.
intervention : changes over time in ed geriatric services , observed naturalistically.
measurements : survey questionnaires assessed : ed geriatric services ( @number@ items ) and nursing and geriatric staffing resources.
there were no differential changes in the key indicators among the three ed clusters.
conclusions : overall , ed geriatric services improved in quebec from @number@ to 2013 / 14.
eds with a geriatric nurse clinician , relatively fewer nursing resources , and longer ed stays improved more quickly.
design : longitudinal study of six data collections over a period of @number@ years.
setting : population-based cohort in england.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling adults aged 50-79 years.
measurements : six repeated measurements of immediate and delayed recall of @number@ words over 10-year follow-up.
in people with stable or declining trajectories , a higher number of depressive symptoms and the presence of cardiovascular diseases were associated with worse memory.
female sex , younger age , and higher education , wealth and physical activity were consistently associated with more favourable trajectories.
conclusions : we identified four memory trajectories.
neither transportation pa nor moderate ltpa was significantly associated with ltl.
conclusion : greater engagement in vigorous ltpa and exceeding the pa recommendation may have a protective effect against telomere shortening.
objectives : delirium severity is independently associated with longer hospital stays , nursing home placement , and death in patients outside the icu.
delirium severity in the icu is not routinely measured because the available instruments are difficult to complete in critically ill patients.
design : observational cohort study.
setting : medical , surgical , and progressive icus of three academic hospitals.
patients : five hundred eighteen adult ( ≥ @number@ yr ) patients.
interventions : none.
measurements and main results : patients received the confusion assessment method for the icu , richmond agitation-sedation scale , and delirium rating scale-revised-98 assessments.
a 7-point scale ( 0-7 ) was derived from responses to the confusion assessment method for the icu and richmond agitation-sedation scale items.
known-groups validity was supported by the separation of mechanically ventilated and nonventilated assessments.
higher confusion assessment method for the icu-7 scores were also associated with increased length of icu stay ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : our results suggest that confusion assessment method for the icu-7 is a valid and reliable delirium severity measure among icu patients.
twenty-seven healthy adults underwent fmri while performing a speech production task consisting in the articulation of nonwords of different sequential and motor complexity.
results demonstrate strong age differences in movement time ( mt ) , with longer and more variable mt in older adults.
the fmri results revealed extensive age differences in the relationship between bold signal and mt , within and outside the sensorimotor system.
moreover , age differences were also found in relation to sequential complexity within the motor and attentional systems , reflecting both compensatory and de-differentiation mechanisms.
together , these results suggest that aging of motor and executive control mechanisms may contribute to age differences in speech production.
these findings highlight the importance of studying functionally relevant behavior such as speech to understand the mechanisms of human brain aging.
hum brain mapp 38 : 2751-2771 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
most patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast ( dcis ) are eligible for breast conservation treatment.
the key management decision is whether to add radiotherapy and / or endocrine therapy to minimize the risk of a subsequent recurrence.
these mortality observations are directly influenced by widespread use of mammographic screening which has opened a pandora's box of subclinical dcis and early invasive lesions.
confusion as to how aggressively such possibly indolent lesions should be treated has led to misunderstandings among patients and medical professionals.
while awaiting further prospective evidence from clinical trials , we endorse an active treatment of dcis as the standard of care.
the benefit of complete surgical excision , adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine treatment in preventing recurrence and invasive progression has been demonstrated in dcis.
the effect of healthy aging on cognitive control of irrelevant visual information was investigated by using event-related potentials.
in the contingent condition , attentional capture appeared independent of age and persisted over the stimulus-onset asynchronies but was markedly pronounced for elderly people.
however , only younger adults revealed inhibitory mechanisms to compensate for attentional capture.
walking speed is modulated using propulsive forces ( f sheehan's syndrome occurs as a result of ischemic pituitary necrosis due to severe postpartum haemorrhage.
it is one of the most common causes of hypopituitarism in underdeveloped or developing countries.
uncommonly it can present with psychosis.
there are only few case reports of psychoses in patients with sheehan's syndrome.
our case report illustrates the relationship between psychosis and sheehan's syndrome.
the treatment challenges in managing sheehan's syndrome and psychosis are discussed.
the effects of physical activity on brain function can be assessed through event-related potentials ( p300 ) that reflect cortical activities related to cognitive functions.
p300 latency represents the information processing time ; longer latencies represent slower processing.
p300 amplitude is associated with the attentional system and working memory , with higher amplitudes representing more preserved functions.
this systematic review summarizes the literature concerning the effects of physical activity and exercise on p300 in the elderly.
of the @number@ articles found , @number@ investigations matched the inclusion criteria.
the obtained results showed that physically active elderly people have shortened p300 latency and higher amplitude.
physical exercise , especially those involving aerobic or resistance training , seems to have marked beneficial effects on p300 in the elderly.
evidence shows that physical activity and physical exercise positively influence cortical activities related to cognitive functions , as indicated by p300 , in elderly people.
tumor necrosis factor-α ( tnf-α ) inhibitors are increasingly being used as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
however , the administration of these drugs carries the risk of inducing injection site reaction ( isr ) .
isr gives rise to patient stress , nervousness , and a decrease in quality of life ( qol ) .
in order to alleviate pain and other symptoms , early countermeasures must be taken against this adverse event.
the faers database contains @number@ reports from @date@ to @date@ .
the adjusted rors for etn ≥ @number@ and ada ≥ @number@ groups were the lowest among the age-stratified groups undergoing the respective monotherapies.
this study was the first to evaluate the relationship between aging and isr using the faers database.
the procedure involves injection of bone cement into a fractured vertebra.
in this study , we investigated whether the distribution of the cement in the vertebral body is related to the occurrence of recompression after surgery.
patients and methods : a total of @number@ patients diagnosed with ovcf , from @date@ to @date@ , were retrospectively reviewed.
statistical analysis was performed to compare clinical and operative parameters between these two groups.
an adequate kyphotic or lordotic angle has also not been determined.
in this study , we evaluated the age-related changes in muscle strength and spinal kyphosis in @number@ males and @number@ females ≥50 years of age.
methods : we conducted a literature search in @date@ .
sources included pubmed , embase , and medline databases.
further high-quality rcts are needed to validate this result.
background : delirium , a common problem among hospitalized elderly patients , is not usually diagnosed by doctors for various reasons.
the secondary aim was to identify the risk factors for delirium.
methods : a prospective study was conducted in an acute-care hospital in moscow , russia.
six doctors underwent a short training course on delirium.
results : delirium was diagnosed in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) who underwent assessment.
reliable methodology for predicting the age of mature dogs is currently unavailable.
in this study , amplicon sequencing of @number@ blood samples obtained from diseased dogs was used to measure methylation in seven dna regions.
significant correlations between methylation level and age were identified in four of the seven regions.
these four regions were then tested in samples from @number@ healthy toy poodles , and correlations were detected in two regions.
the age of another @number@ dogs was predicted using data from the diseased dogs and the healthy poodles.
the mean difference between the actual and calculated ages was @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
further research is needed to identify additional sites of age-related methylation and allow accurate age prediction in dogs.
investigator-defined individualized hba1c targets and the impact of baseline characteristics on individualized treatment targets was evaluated.the average individualized hba1c target was set at @percent@.
hba1c at baseline predicted a target setting such that higher the hba1c , more aggressive was the target ( p < 0.001 ) .
men were more likely to be set aggressive targets than women ( p = 0.026 ) .
frailty status of patients showed a trend towards significance ( p = 0.068 ) , whereas diabetes duration , age , or polypharmacy did not.
background : non-pharmacological interventions for persons with dementia often rely on family caregivers for implementation.
however , caregivers differ in their readiness to use strategies.
results : at treatment completion , @percent@ ( n = 31 ) scored in pre-action and @percent@ ( n = 79 ) at action.
conclusions : certain dyadic characteristics and treatment-related factors were associated with treatment failure including financial strain and lack of strategy integration.
here , we evaluated renal function , complications , and physical and mental performance of living kidney donors.
materials and methods : we evaluated @number@ patients who donated living kidneys between @number@ and @number@ at baskent university hospital.
all donors answered the medical outcomes study short-form general health survey ; results were evaluated according to answers to @number@ questions totaling @number@ points.
thanks to good storage conditions , it was possible to analyze their original characteristics.
all three bottles contained most probably lager type beer.
one beer had sulfuric and fecal off-flavors ; it was bright with the original extract of @number@.3° plato.
the second beer , with an original extract of @number@.6° plato , was dark and very acidic , resembling lambic.
the third beer contained traces of carbon dioxide bubbles , was light brown and slightly bitter , with an original extract @number@.4° plato.
because it obviously underwent a natural aging process , sweetness , honey , and fruity off-flavors were detected and transformation products of iso-α-acids were found.
physical frailty and cognitive frailty are two important targets of secondary intervention in aging research to narrow the gap between life and health span.
moreover , the anticancer effects of cimicifuga have been reported , but the underlying mechanism causing cancer cell death has been poorly described.
ky17-induced autophagy and apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells ( ht-29 ) was investigated.
ky17 treatment induced growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner.
furthermore , combination treatment with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin a1 enhanced the induction of apoptosis by ky17.
taken together , the present study provides new insight into the role of ky17 as a potential antitumor compound.
combination of ky17 with an autophagy inhibitor may be a valuable strategy for the chemoprevention or treatment of colon cancer.
it is well-known that policosanol can improve serum lipid profiles , although the physiological mechanism is still unknown.
here , we investigated functional and structural changes in lipoproteins after consumption of policosanol.
moisture content of facial skin increased up to @number@ and @percent@ from initial levels in the ys and mn groups , respectively.
serum triglyceride ( tg ) levels decreased to @number@ and @percent@ from initial levels in the yn and mn groups , respectively.
all groups showed a reduction in serum glucose and uric acid levels.
after @number@ weeks , oxidation of the low-density lipoprotein fraction was markedly reduced accompanied by decreased apolipoprotein b ( apob ) fragmentation.
in the hdl fraction , paraoxonase activity was elevated by @percent@ along with elevation of apoa-i and cholesterol contents.
daily consumption of policosanol for @number@ weeks resulted in lowered blood pressure , reduced serum tg level and cetp activity , and elevated hdl-c contents.
these functional enhancements of hdl can prevent and / or attenuate aging-related diseases , hypertension , diabetes and coronary heart disease.
advances in this field require new tools with which to recreate neural tissue in vitro and produce realistic disease models.
this in turn requires robust and reliable systems for performing 3d in vitro culture of neural lineage cells.
we conclude with a discussion of future directions for this exciting and important field of biomaterials research.
understanding these conditions and developing therapies against them will require the development of new physical models of healthy and diseased neural tissue.
these in vitro culture systems are enabling the development of new approaches for modelling and tackling diseases of the brain and cns.
results : a three-level classification framework for pca is described comprising both syndrome- and disease-level descriptions.
classification level @number@ ( pca ) defines the core clinical , cognitive , and neuroimaging features and exclusion criteria of the clinico-radiological syndrome.
however , evidence that mets itself is related to cognitive performance has been inconsistent.
this longitudinal study investigates whether mets or its components affect cognitive decline in aging men and whether any interaction with inflammation exists.
high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hs-crp ) levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunometric assay.
results : overall , @number@ participants contributed data to the rocf analyses and @number@ subjects contributed to the ctrm and dsst analyses.
in multiple regression models the presence of baseline mets was not associated with cognitive decline over time ( p > @number@ ) .
there was neither a main effect of hs-crp levels nor an interaction effect of hs-crp and mets at baseline on cognitive decline.
conclusion : no evidence was found for a relationship between mets or inflammation and cognitive decline in this sample of aging men.
however , glycemia was negatively associated with visuoconstructional abilities and processing speed.
twenty-four younger and twenty-four older adults with matched verbal fluency , verbal intelligence , years of education , and gender ratio were recruited.
they were asked to read congruent ( con ) and incongruent ( incon ) sentences to make semantic acceptability judgments.
a significant group by condition interaction on accuracy was found , showing a significant congruency effect in younger , but not older adults.
the erp results revealed a dynamic temporal-spatial change in older adults.
the results suggest that with age , there is a decline in semantic processing during sentence comprehension.
the clinical significance is that a home-based walking program may be one approach to increase endogenous antioxidant capacity.
this led to an estimated direct health care cost of $ 75 billion and an indirect lost opportunity cost of $ 11 billion.
further , mortality was noted in half of the @number@ skin disease categories.
both measures of spinophilin were lower in mad and sad compared with nci.
the mci group had higher protein levels of spinophilin compared with mad and sad , and higher spinophilin-ir dendritic spine density compared with sad.
methods : a population-based sample of @number@ adults aged 72-78 years was assessed.
algorithmic diagnostic criteria used detailed neuropsychological data , medical history , longitudinal cognitive performance , and informant interview.
dsm-5 mild ncd overlapped with @percent@ of mci cases and resulted in a @percent@ increase in diagnosis.
these additional cases had a subtly different neurocognitive profile to mci cases , including poorer social cognition.
conclusion : dsm-5 ncd criteria can be operationalized in a psychometric algorithm in a population setting.
methods : the anu-adri was computed for the baseline assessment of @number@ participants in the personality and total health ( path ) through life project.
grss were constructed on the basis of @number@ single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
participants were assessed for clinically diagnosed mci and dementia as well as psychometric test-based mci ( mci-tb ) at @number@ years of follow-up.
biomarkers of ad were not available to define mci attributable to ad.
not all the predictive variables for the anu-adri were available in the path project.
the anu-adri may be used for population-level risk assessment and screening.
then ros generation and inflammatory and gene expression in huvecs were evaluated by dihydroethidium staining and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses , respectively.
ages significantly increased monocytic thp-1 cell adhesion to huvecs , which was also prevented by @number@ ng / ml n-butanol extracts of noni.
inhibition of the age-rage axis by n-butanol extracts of noni may be a novel nutraceutical strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
rodents are the most commonly used model organisms in studies of aging in vertebrates.
however , there are species that may suit this role much better.
most birds ( aves ) , having higher rate of metabolism , live two-to-three times longer than mammals of the same size.
this mini-review briefly covers several evolutionary , ecological , and physiological aspects that may contribute to the phenomenon of birds ' longevity.
we also address some features of birds ' aging that make this group unique and perspective model organisms in longevity studies.
aging is associated with a decline of various body functions , including ability to regenerate.
pregnancy might be considered as parabiotic model of the interaction between two organisms of different age.
stroustrup et al.
the possibility to identify the moment of switch from a mortality-governing pathway to some other pathways might be useful for testing geroprotective drugs.
in this work , we discuss this and other aspects of temporal scaling.
food restriction causes a set of physiological changes that reduce the rate of aging.
at the level of an organism , these changes are initiated by a hormonal response , which in turn activates certain intracellular signaling cascades.
as a result , cells increase their antioxidant capacities and decrease the risk of cancerous transformation.
a number of small molecule compounds activating these signaling cascades have been described.
one could expect that direct pharmacological activation of the signaling can produce a stronger antiaging effect than that achieved by the indirect hormonal stimulation.
data from the literature point to the opposite.
possibly , a problem with pharmacological activators is that they cause generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
indeed , hyperpolarized mitochondria are known to induce oxidative stress.
such hyperpolarization could happen because of artificial activation of cellular response to caloric restriction in the absence of energy deficit.
at the same time , energy deficit seems likely to be a natural consequence of the shortage of nutrients.
the programmed aging paradigm interprets aging as a function favored by natural selection at a supra-individual level.
this function is implemented , according to the telomere theory , through mechanisms that operate through the system.
the various steps needed for the development of such interventions are described along general lines.
programmed aging refers to the idea that senescence in humans and other organisms is purposely caused by evolved biological mechanisms to obtain an evolutionary advantage.
theorists struggled for more than a century in efforts to develop non-programmed theories that fit observations , without obtaining a consensus supporting any non-programmed theory.
empirical evidence of programmed lifespan limitations continued to accumulate.
consequently , science-based opposition to programmed aging has dramatically declined.
the theories also make predictions regarding the nature of biological aging mechanisms and therefore suggest research directions.
this article discusses developments of evolutionary mechanics , the consequent programmed aging theories , and logical inferences concerning biological aging mechanisms.
it concludes that major medical research organizations cannot afford to ignore programmed aging concepts in assigning research resources and directions.
the mitochondrial genome provides not only respiratory chain function , but it also ensures the impact of mitochondria on nearly all crucial metabolic processes.
it is well known that mitochondria regulate aging and lifespan.
in a recent paper of j. a. enríquez and coworkers ( latorre-pellicer , a. , et al.
this review critically analyzes that paper and considers some aspects of the crosstalk between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
we also discuss new perspectives of gerontology in the light of the discovery made by enríquez's group.
the median age of participants was @number@ years ( range , 48-96 years ) .
interventions : mutational status was determined by pyrosequencing method , allelic discrimination , or sanger sequencing.
patients were treated by single-agent cetuximab.
results : thirty-one samples of cscc from @number@ patients were analyzed.
only @number@ ras mutated samples ( @percent@ ) were identified.
the first harbored a nras point mutation ( c.35g > a ) in codon @number@ resulting in a p.g12d substitution.
the second sample presented a hras point mutation ( c.38g > t ) in codon @number@ resulting in a p.g13v substitution.
no mutation of kras , braf , and egfr genes at the investigated loci was found.
two patients with nras and hras mutations showed a partial and complete response to cetuximab , respectively.
the mean duration of follow-up was @number@ months.
at week @number@ the disease control rate was @percent@.
the median os was @number@ months and the median pfs was @number@ months.
all patients could continue cetuximab treatment without dose reduction.
conclusions and relevance : even in elderly patients with advanced cscc , cetuximab was efficacious and well-tolerated.
this suggests that cetuximab is certainly warranted in the treatment of advanced cscc.
however , it is also important to identify tumor specific mutations that may determine response to treatment and prognosis for the disease.
we have identified here that the incidence of ras , braf , and egfr mutations is low in cscc.
background : depression is currently underdiagnosed among older adults.
here , we demonstrate the potential of these data to predict future depression status.
methods : we analysed data from the nana validation study using a machine learning approach.
we tested multiple values of the selection parameter in order to produce a model with low deviance.
results : the model we report contained coefficients for two variables : sadness and tiredness , as well as a constant.
the cross-validated area under the roc curve for this model was @number@ ( ci : @number@.69-0.97 ) .
this study examines the possible transfer effects of step training on stepping performance in untrained directions in older people.
ft and flt participants undertook a 15-min training session involving @number@ step repetitions.
prior to and post training , choice stepping reaction time and stepping kinematics in untrained , diagonal and lateral directions were assessed.
conclusions : step training only in the forward direction improved stepping speed but may acutely slow response times in the untrained diagonal direction.
however , this acute effect appears to dissipate after a few repeated step trials.
step training in both forward and lateral directions appears to induce no negative transfer effects in diagonal stepping.
these findings suggest home-based step training systems present low risk of harm through negative transfer effects in untrained stepping directions.
trial registration : anzctr @number@
little is known about the effects of risk factors on attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) symptom over time.
subjects were part of the general population or clinic-referred cohort of the tracking adolescents ' individual lives survey ( n = @number@ ) .
we found no main effects of the candidate genes on adhd symptoms throughout adolescence.
findings suggest an age-dependent role of gene-environment interactions on adhd symptoms across adolescence.
none : winter weather conditions may negatively influence participation of older adults in daily physical activity ( pa ) .
hourly temperature , windchill , humidity , and snowfall accumulation were obtained from meteorological records and time locked to hourly accelerometer pa values.
conclusions : regression analysis revealed significant relationships between time of day , ambient daytime high temperature and a humidity for participation in pa.
most pa was completed in the morning hours and increased as the winter month's transitioned to spring ( february through april ) .
practice : an equation was developed to adjust for winter weather conditions using temperature , humidity and time of day.
implications : accurate pa assessment during the winter months must account for the ambient daytime high temperatures , humidity , and time of day.
these older adults were more physically active during the morning hours and became more active as the winter season transitioned to spring.
background : we previously reported that progenitor cells , or stem cells , exist within penile tissue.
aims : to study the feasibility of in situ penile progenitor cell activation by li-eswt.
methods : we performed a cohort analysis of young and middle-age male sprague-dawley rats treated with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine ( edu ) pulse followed by li-eswt.
in addition , li-eswt was applied to cultured schwann cells and endothelial cells to study the molecular mechanism involved in cell proliferation.
thirty minutes before li-eswt , each rat received an intraperitoneal injection of edu.
strengths and limitations : the main limitation of the present project was the short period of study and the animal model used.
lin g , reed-maldonado ab , wang b , et al.
in situ activation of penile progenitor cells with low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 493-501.
remotely transmitted data were processed in order to obtain af incidence and time of pa in the form of collective time series daily sampled.
results : we found that both pa and af incidence clearly showed seasonal trends with an annual period and inverse correlation.
af incidence was @percent@ higher and pa was @percent@ lower in winters than in summers ( p < 0.0001 for both comparisons ) .
power spectral analysis revealed weekly periodicity in the pa series ( corresponding to festivity rest ) but not in the af incidence.
catheter ablation ( ca ) is a procedure commonly used to restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
however , af recurrence after ca remains a relevant clinical issue.
we tested the effects of an oral antioxidant treatment ( alpha lipoic acid [ ala ] ) on af recurrence post-ca.
patients with paroxysmal af have been enrolled in a randomized , prospective , double-blind , controlled placebo trial.
no significant difference has been detected between the @number@ groups at baseline.
strikingly , @number@ year after ca , ala therapy significantly reduced serum markers of inflammation.
however , there was no significant difference in af recurrence events at follow-up comparing ala with placebo group.
multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent prognostic risk factor for af recurrence after ca is age.
in conclusion , ala therapy reduces serum levels of common markers of inflammation in ablated patients.
nevertheless , ala does not prevent af recurrence after an ablative treatment.
the generally accepted mechanism of metformin's effect is stimulation of adenosine monophosphate ( amp ) -activated protein kinase ( ampk ) .
ampk is directly activated by an increase in amp : atp ratio in metabolic stress conditions including hypoxia and glucose deprivation.
lately , many novel pathways , besides ampk induction , have been revealed , which can explain some of metformin's beneficial effects.
it may help to identify new targets for treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
the aim of this review is to describe the potential anti-cancer and anti-aging properties of metformin and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
klinefelter syndrome ( ks ) is one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility.
this condition is associated with much comorbidity and with a lower life expectancy.
the aim of this review is to explore more in depth cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated to ks.
moreover , cardiovascular abnormalities may be at least partially reversed by testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) .
ks patients have also an increased probability of endocrine and / or metabolic disease , especially obesity , metabolic syndrome and type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
the effects of trt on these abnormalities are not entirely clear.
background : acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( acheis ) and the n-methyl d-aspartate-antagonist memantine are indicated for the symptomatic treatment of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
consumption of acheis and memantine was assessed using the pharmacy unit database from the public catalan healthcare service.
we used generalized estimating equation analyses to identify the baseline characteristics associated with the consumption of acheis and memantine over time.
advanced age reduced the likelihood of achei consumption.
mild dementia severity increased the use of acheis , and moderate-advanced dementia increased the likelihood of memantine consumption.
our findings are in agreement with current clinical practice guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of ad.
background : the older patient population is significantly different from the younger adult population with regards to dose selection for a wide variety of drugs.
control and intervention groups completed assessments at baseline , @number@ and @number@ weeks.
primary outcome was difference in mean test scores.
student's t tests were used to analyse the data.
qualitative data on participant's confidence levels were also collected.
results : eighty participants completed the 12-week trial.
this significance was maintained at @number@ weeks.
conclusion : a short e-learning module focused on geriatric pharmacotherapy can significantly improve doctors ' prescribing knowledge and confidence with regards to older patients.
clinicaltrials.gov nct02405975.
attitudes towards the use of pain medications differ widely , and lack of efficacy or fear of side effects may lead to sub-therapeutic dosing.
furthermore , a recent review suggesting that short-term paracetamol use is ineffective for osteoarthritis has added to the confusion.
evidence suggests that , despite clear guidelines , symptoms of osteoarthritis generally remain poorly managed.
asthma has been demonstrated to be as common in the elderly as in younger age groups.
we attempted to address some practical questions that are relevant to the daily practice of clinicians.
this also applies for the budesonide / formoterol fixed combination , thus allowing for the maintenance and reliever therapy approach.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the basal ganglia.
most pd patients suffer from somatomotor and oculomotor disorders.
the oculomotor system facilitates obtaining accurate information from the visual world.
if a target moves slowly in the fronto-parallel plane , tracking eye movements occur that consist primarily of smooth-pursuit interspersed with corrective saccades.
efficient smooth-pursuit requires appropriate target selection and predictive compensation for inherent processing delays.
most pd patients possessed normal cue-information memory but extra-retinal mechanisms for pursuit preparation and execution were dysfunctional.
a minority of pd patients had abnormal cue-information memory or difficulty in understanding the task.
some pd patients with normal cue-information memory changed strategy to initiate smooth tracking.
strategy changes were also observed to compensate for impaired pursuit during whole body rotation while the target moved with the head.
purpose : gender-related differences in life expectancy , prevalence of chronic conditions and level of disability in the process of ageing have been broadly described.
less is known about social determinants , which may have different impacts on quality of life in men and women.
gender-related differences were investigated across three age categories : 50-64 ; 65-79 and 80 + .
results : the model ( rmsea = @number@ cfi = @number@ ) showed the effects of all of the investigated determinants.
males benefited more ( in qol ) from social networks and social support , and women from social participation.
conclusions : the research provides valuable knowledge about the role of social determinants in qol considering complex relations between different social constructs.
none : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer are leading causes of death with comparable symptoms at the end of life.
of @number@ deaths , @percent@ were from lung cancer and @percent@ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
this might be due to less predictable disease trajectories and prognosis of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
this may be partly due to the inherent unpredictability of final-stage copd compared with lung cancer.
they highlight the need for improved copd palliative care provision.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ disc-shaped specimens were prepared using computer-aided design / computer-aided milling technology from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic blocks.
specimens ( @number@ mm thick , @number@ mm diameter ) were divided into eight groups of @number@ specimens per group.
specimens were individually tested for biaxial flexure on a universal testing machine.
one-way analysis of variance and the tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the groups ' significance statistically ( α = @number@ ) .
results : the loads to fracture ( ltf ) values in the cn group were higher than those in the cw and experimental groups.
tukey's post hoc test demonstrated a statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) difference between the cn group and the other groups.
conclusion : artificial aging had a significant effect on the ltf value of the tested specimens compared with the resin cements used.
cohesive failure within the plvs was the most common mode of failure.
clinical significance : fatigue strength of dental ceramics and moisture was shown to affect the mechanical properties of all-ceramic restorations.
all-ceramic material is extremely sensitive to humidity and thermocycling.
neuropsychological and clinical assessments were also carried out.
furthermore , the magnitude of increased apparent brain aging related to cognitive deficits.
first , we performed a combined analysis of pooled individual patient data.
secondary analyses were done within each cohort and across cohorts.
crude and adjusted odds ratios ( or [ @percent@ confidence interval ] ) were calculated.
results : among @number@ patients diagnosed with cead , we identified @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) aged ≥60 years.
objective : the aim of this study was to map out the developmental curve of the orbital volume of chinese children aged 1-15 years.
results : the development of the orbit structure followed a biphasic pattern.
the first growth phase was before @number@ years and the second growth phase was between @number@ years and @number@ years of age.
cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in women worldwide.
defects in the apoptotic pathways are responsible for both the disease pathogenesis and its therapy resistance.
it is thus a good candidate for treatment by pro-apoptotic agents.
kaempferol as a flavonoid has antioxidant and anti-tumor properties.
kaempferol has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell death in cancer cells.
cells treated with kaempferol ( 12-100μm ) and 5-fu ( 1-10μm ) , as the positive control , up to 72h.
cell viability was determined by mtt assay and real time pcr was used to investigate apoptosis and telomerase genes expression.
the results showed that kaempferol decreased cell viability as concentration- and time-dependently.
ic a strategy for the preservation of intrarenal vasculature conditions remains obscure in middle-aged and older individuals without the renal disease.
therefore , we applied a cross-sectional approach for investigating the relationship between muscular strength and the condition of the intrarenal vasculature.
data from two consecutive waves of the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) were analyzed.
the analytical sample consisted of @number@ adults aged ≥50years.
validated scales for depression , anxiety , and cognitive impairment were used.
act-belong-commit indicators are shown to be protective against mental disorders and cognitive impairment among older irish adults.
brain connectivity is traditionally thought to be important for creativity.
we examined these relationships in the brains of @number@ healthy young adults.
these interactions were mediated by positive correlations in females and negative correlations in males.
furthermore , these findings suggest that the associations between creativity and resting state brain connectivity patterns are different between males and females.
closed traumatic achilles tendon rupture is a common injury , especially in the aging athlete.
traditionally open repair has been recognized to offer a lower rerupture rate compared with nonoperative methods but with a higher complication rate.
percutaneous repair has been described to offer the benefits of open repair while avoiding the complications.
the sural nerve is potentially susceptible to injury , and specialized instrumentation has been developed to avoid this event.
this article discusses several techniques of minimally invasive achilles tendon repair.
many authors have evaluated these techniques and the results are discussed here.
to address whether gdf8 and gdf11 are functionally identical , we compared their signaling and structural properties.
lastly , substitution of gdf11 residues into gdf8 confers enhanced activity to gdf8.
sirtuin genes have been associated with aging and are known to affect multiple cellular pathways.
sirtuin @number@ was previously shown to modulate proteotoxicity associated with age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer and parkinson disease ( pd ) .
however , the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.
we found that α-synuclein is acetylated on lysines @number@ and @number@ and that these residues are deacetylated by sirtuin @number@
genetic manipulation of sirtuin @number@ levels in vitro and in vivo modulates the levels of α-synuclein acetylation , its aggregation , and autophagy.
strikingly , mutants blocking acetylation exacerbate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo , in the substantia nigra of rats.
( hepatology @number@ ; 66 : 528-541 ) .
accumulating epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that a high-cholesterol diet is detrimental to cognitive performance in animal models.
phytosterols , a class of naturally occurring structural components in plant foods , have been demonstrated to possess cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects.
phytosterol esters ( pse ) are esters of phytosterol.
importantly , histological and immunohistochemical results in the brain showed that pse supplementation may have a neuroprotective effect that alleviates neuroinflammation in aged rats.
these results suggest that pse can play a useful role in alleviating cognitive deficit induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet and ageing.
we piloted dose-attenuated vcd ( \ "vcd-lite \ " ) in such vulnerable adults with newly diagnosed mm ( ndmm ) .
intention-to-treat orr was @percent@.
@percent@ of patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events , the majority of which were unlikely therapy-related.
baseline carg ga was successfully completed by all subjects but one.
conclusion : vcd-lite is a viable option for vulnerable adults with ndmm.
carg ga is feasible.
further studies to optimize therapy and to explore carg ga as a toxicity predictor are vital.
several genes and risk factors are associated with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
although many of the genetic markers belong to a common pathway , a unifying pathogenetic mechanism is yet to be found.
also , missing heritability analyses have estimated that only part of the genetic influence contributing to pd has been found.
here , we carried out whole-exome sequencing ( wes ) on @number@ finnish patients with early-onset pd.
we also reanalyzed previous data from genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) on the same cohort.
variants in the cel gene / locus were associated with pd in both gwas and wes analysis.
exome-wide gene-based association tests also identified the mphosph10 , tas2r19 , and serpina1 genes in the discovery data set ( p < @number@.5e-6 ) .
mphosph10 had estimated odds ratio ( or ) of @number@ and the rs141620200 variant in serpina1 had or of @number@
we identified several candidate genes , but further investigation is required to determine the role of these genes in pd.
the shape of the airway in neonates and infants has not been studied separately.
methods : we studied @number@ computed tomographic scans of children from birth to @number@ months of age undergoing radiological evaluation unrelated to airway symptomatology.
the computed tomographic scans were obtained during either natural sleep or with sedation and spontaneous ventilation without airway devices in place.
transverse and anteroposterior diameters were measured at the subglottic level and at the cricoid ring.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ months.
an increase in the transverse dimension of the airway was observed from the subglottic region to the cricoid ring.
conclusion : the present study demonstrates that the airway in neonates and infants between the subglottic area and the cricoid remains elliptical.
the cricoid is not round as has been observed in older children.
the airway is wider anteroposteriorly and narrows in the transverse dimension from the subglottis to the cricoid in infants.
aims : this study aims to assess the impact of frailty on coagulation function and on response to warfarin.
methods : inpatients aged over @number@ years with atrial fibrillation ( af ) were recruited.
frailty was determined using the reported edmonton frail scale.
the overall haemostatic potential ( ohp ) and calibrated automated thrombogram ( cat ) were used to globally assess coagulation function.
results : data of @number@ participants were analysed , mean age @number@ ± @number@ @percent@ female , and @percent@ frail.
there was no difference in coagulation profiles between the frail and the non-frail amongst those taking warfarin.
compared to young healthy volunteers , older inpatients had increased fibrin generation and decreased thrombin generation.
the findings reflect the complex interaction between age , frailty , acute illness , and coagulation.
decreased exercise capacity is a cardinal symptom of hfpef.
however , its severity is often out of proportion to changes in cardiac output.
this observation has led to studies of muscle function in hfpef revealing structural , biomechanical , and metabolic changes.
these data , while incomplete , support a hypothesis that similar to aging , hfpef is a systemic process.
understanding the mechanisms leading to exercise intolerance in this condition may lead to strategies to improve morbidity in both hfpef and aging.
anthropometric and biochemical data were collected from the hard copy archive.
results : of the @number@ records analyzed , @number@ fulfilled criteria for ngt and had complete biochemical data.
there are no studies of whether apoe-e4 moderates the relationship between exercise and later life depressive symptoms.
this study aimed to explore whether the prospective associations between exercise and subsequent depressive symptoms were distinct between apoe-e4 carriers and non-carriers using nationwide data.
methods : data from @number@ participants ( mean age = @number@ sd = @number@ ) in @number@ with @number@ years of follow-up were studied.
depressive symptoms were assessed using the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale.
exercise and the apoe genotype were also assessed at baseline.
sensitivity analyses to test for confounding , reverse causality , and attrition were conducted.
results : among apoe-e4 carriers , there was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between high active and low active groups.
in contrast , high active apoe-e4 non-carriers had fewer depressive symptoms than low active apoe-e4 non-carriers.
the beneficial effect of exercise on depressive symptoms is restricted to apoe-e4 non-carriers.
sensitivity analyses provided further support for the robustness of these findings.
conclusions : this is the first prospective study investigating whether apoe-e4 moderates the association between exercise and depressive symptoms.
it proposes that genetic variation in apoe may influence the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms.
purpose : high coronary calcium score ( ccs ) and post-procedural cardiac enzyme may be related with poor outcomes in patients with coronary stent implantation.
the ccss for predicting stent revascularization were elucidated.
results : there were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to risk factors.
aim : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of person-centered care for people with dementia.
results : nineteen interventional studies , including @number@ participants , were identified.
of these , @number@ studies were from long-term care facilities and two studies were from homecare settings.
the pooled data from randomized controlled studies favored person-centered care in reducing agitation , neuropsychiatric symptoms , and depression and improving the quality of life.
subgroup analysis identified greater effectiveness of person-centered care when implemented for people with less severe dementia.
individualized activities resulted in a significantly greater beneficial effect than standard care ( smd : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusion : this systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence for person-centered care in clinical practice for people with dementia.
person-centered care interventions were shown to reduce agitation , neuropsychiatric symptoms , and depression and to improve the quality of life.
person-centered care interventions can effectively reduce agitation for a short term using intensive and activity-based intervention.
one epigenetic mechanism implicated in human aging and age-related disorders is dna methylation.
we analysed 450k methylation array data using a machine learning approach ( glmnet ) to identify age-associated cpgs.
we identified @number@ cpg sites , mapping to @number@ genes , associated with age , with @number@ sites previously associated with age.
we used a targeted metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers for mi and evaluate their involvement in the pathogenesis of mi.
out of @number@ metabolites , @number@ were nominally associated ( p < 0.05 ) with incident mi in kora s4.
the metabolite biomarkers attenuated the association between hscrp and mi , indicating a potential link to systemic inflammatory processes.
conclusions : we identified three metabolite biomarkers , which in combination increase the predictive value of the framingham risk score.
the attenuation of the hscrp-mi association by these three metabolites indicates a potential link to systemic inflammation.
objective : diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and death.
more effective and personalized treatment for diabetes should be considered in this particularly high-risk patient population.
telomeres , the protective ends of linear chromosomes , shorten throughout an individual's lifetime.
telomere shortening is proposed to be a primary molecular cause of aging.
short telomeres block the proliferative capacity of stem cells , affecting their potential to regenerate tissues , and trigger the development of age-associated diseases.
telomere shortening induces chromosomal instability that , in the absence of functional tumor suppressor genes , can contribute to tumorigenesis.
these observations have encouraged the development of therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent telomere-associated diseases , namely aging-related diseases , including cancer.
here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying telomere-driven diseases and highlight recent advances in the preclinical development of telomere-targeted therapies using mouse models.
we found that pharmacologic treatments that either inhibit autophagosome formation or block the fusion of autophagosomes to endolysosomal compartments caused an increase in c99 levels.
this pattern of findings suggests that mci is associated with specific inhibition problems.ty.
these aging-related deficits affect the quality of life and present challenges to our aging society.
hippocampal long-term potentiation was also suppressed in an age-dependent manner , where significant deficits were observed after @number@ months of age.
when the mice were tested on hidden platform water maze , spatial learning memory was significantly impaired after @number@ months of age.
importantly , subacute treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen suppressed astrocyte activation and restored synaptic plasticity and memory function in advanced-aged mice.
these results support the critical contribution of aging-related inflammatory responses to hippocampal-dependent cognitive function and synaptic plasticity , in particular during advanced aging.
our findings provide strong evidence that suppression of neuroinflammation could be a promising treatment strategy to preserve cognition during aging.
we sought to investigate the differences in tau accumulation patterns between early- and late-onset patients with ad and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
aging can be complex and is associated with various molecular modifications in cells that accumulate over a person's lifetime including epigenetic patterns.
in this review , we summarize available evidence on herbal medications mostly used in cardiovascular medicine.
we show that the use of these medications for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is often not supported by scientific evidence.
despite most of these herbs showing an effect on biological mechanisms related to the cardiovascular system , data on their clinical effects are lacking.
physicians should always assess the use of herbal medications with patients and discuss the possible benefits and side effects with them.
stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life years.
the occurrence of stroke increases with age , but anyone at any age can suffer a stroke.
stroke can be broadly classified in two major clinical types : ischemic stroke ( is ) and hemorrhagic stroke.
these molecular and cellular changes provide new information for developing therapeutic strategies for stroke and related vascular disorders treatment.
is is the major risk factor for vad and ad.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are found in the circulatory biofluids considering the important molecules for biomarker study in aging and age-related diseases.
intracellular mirnas could modulate mrna activity through target-specific binding and play a crucial role in intercellular communications.
deregulated mirnas came out from cells and frequently circulate in extracellular body fluids as part of various human diseases.
variation in the mirna signature in a diseased peripheral circulatory system opens up a new avenue in the field of biomarker discovery.
here , we measure the biomarker potential of circulatory mirnas in aging and various aging-related pathologies.
however , further more confirmatory researches are needed to elaborate these findings at the translation level.
in most cases , there is overwhelming evidence that impaired mitochondrial function is a causative factor in these diseases.
studying mitochondrial function in diseased cells vs healthy cells may reveal the modified mechanisms and molecular components involved in specific disease states.
aging is associated with progressive decline in renal function along with concurrent morphological changes that ultimately lead to glomerulosclerosis.
in addition , the renal functional defects of acid-base homeostasis and electrolyte disturbances in elderly and the physiological basis of such disorders are also discussed.
mitochondrial and bioenergetic function change with advancing age and may drive aging phenotypes.
mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are also documented in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases , including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in some instances ad mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are reminiscent of those observed with advancing age but are greater in magnitude.
mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction could , therefore , link neurodegeneration to brain aging.
data pertinent to this premise are reviewed.
the free-radical theory of aging was proposed more than @number@ years ago.
as one of the most popular mechanisms explaining the aging process , it has been extensively studied in several model organisms.
however , the results remain controversial.
one critical ros is hydrogen peroxide , which is naturally degraded by catalase in peroxisomes or glutathione peroxidase within mitochondria.
the mcat mice have demonstrated the largest effects on life span and healthspan extension.
finally , the development of small-molecule mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic approaches is reviewed.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common multifactorial mental illness affecting the elderly population in the world.
its prevalence increases as person ages.
there is no known drug or agent that can delay or prevent the ad and its progression.
amyloid beta-induced synaptic damage , mitochondrial abnormalities , and phosphorylated tau are major areas of present research investigations.
synaptic pathology and mitochondrial oxidative damage are early events in disease process.
this chapter highlights the recent progress in developing and testing mitochondria-targeted molecules using ad cell cultures and ad mouse models.
many studies depicted the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in aging and pathogenesis of age-related metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
further , much progress has been done in the improvement of therapeutic strategies , including lifestyle interventions , pharmacological , and mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
these strategies were mainly focused to reduce the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and to retain the mitochondrial health in various diseases.
aging is a normal process of living being.
changes in somatic and germ-line dna and epigenetics are reported to play large roles in accelerating the onset of human diseases.
cellular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases are not completely understood.
this chapter also critically evaluates mirna-based therapeutic drug targets for aging and age-related diseases , particularly alzheimer's.
innovation : 6bio exerts the unique property of increasing stress tolerance and in parallel partially suppressing the nutrient-sensing pathway signaling.
conclusion : our findings suggest that the 6bio scaffold can be used for the development of novel antiaging compounds.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 1027-1047.
statins inhibit the activity of enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-acetyl coenzyme a reductase and further inhibit cholesterol synthesis.
statins are the most widely used cholesterol-lowering drugs in clinical practice.
studies have found that statins also play a positive role in periodontitis treatment.
in this paper , we reviewed the functions of statins in bone metabolism and anti-inflammation in periodontitis.
in addition , the application of statins as a local drug delivery system in the treatment of periodontitis was described.
entorhinal tau was associated with frontal hypometabolism , but this dysfunction was not associated with memory loss.
ann neurol @number@ ; 81 : 583-596.
purpose : we aimed to visualize the relationship of predominant dietary patterns and their associations with amd.
using principle component analysis , two major dietary patterns and eight minor dietary patterns were characterized.
applying logistic regression in our analysis , we related dietary patterns to the prevalence of amd.
qualitative comparative analysis by operating boolean algebra and drawing venn diagrams was used to visualize our findings.
conclusions : our data indicate that a diet of various healthy foods may be optimal for reducing amd risk.
the effects of some specific foods in the context of overall diet warrant further study.
the dna repair protein cockayne syndrome group b ( csb ) has been recently identified as a promising anticancer target.
our findings revealed that response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and response to unfolded proteins were ranked top amongst the cellular processes affected by csb suppression.
the major components of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway , including pro-apoptotic factors downstream of the atf3-chop cascade , were dramatically up-regulated.
altogether our findings add new pieces to the understanding of csb mechanisms of action and to the molecular basis of cs syndrome.
methods : seventy lung cancer patients and @number@ sex- and age-matched controls were recruited.
both groups were divided into three subgroups based on their age ( young , middle-aged , or elderly ) .
background : genome-wide association studies have identified novel genetic associations for asthma , but without taking into account the role of active tobacco smoking.
this study aimed to identify novel genes that interact with ever active tobacco smoking in adult onset asthma.
results : first approach : @number@ snps were selected based on an overall interaction effect at p < 10-4.
second approach : @number@ snps were selected based on the overall genetic effect in exposed subjects ( p < 10-4 ) .
however , the extent to which sbp fluctuations affect bp classification as well as the potential effect of age are unknown.
methods : bp was measured among @number@ @number@ adults from a general population.
sbp increased between the first two measures in @percent@ , decreased in @percent@ and did not change in @percent@ of the population.
age had a strong interaction with sbp level ( p < @number@ ) so that younger individuals exhibited greater sbp differences over repeated measures.
conclusion : this study highlights the need for an improvement in the evidence-base regarding the best way to assess office bp for correct hypertension diagnosis.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a common global health challenge especially with the currently aging world population.
we conducted a pubmed database search according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis ( prisma ) guidelines for systematic reviews.
nine studies comprising @number@ participants , published between @number@ and @number@ met the inclusion criteria.
these included eight observational studies ( six being prospective ) , and one clinical trial.
participants in two studies were diabetic patients with varying stages of ckd , and nondialysis chronic glomerulonephritis ckd patients in two other studies.
short tl was independently associated with increased risk of prevalent microalbuminuria in diabetic men with ckd ( p = @number@ ) .
among ckd patients with heterogeneous etiologies , however , there was an unadjusted lower risk ( p < @number@ ) .
short tl was significantly associated with ckd progression among smokers ( p = @number@ ) and diabetic patients ( p = @number@ ) .
on the other hand , long tl was paradoxically associated with longer diagnosed duration of moderate ckd.
telomeres and telomerase activity hold great promise for ckd risk stratification and personalized medicine.
since the discovery of the non-image-forming visual system , tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to understanding its mechanisms and functional roles.
original functions associated with the melanopsin system include the photoentrainment of circadian sleep-wake cycles and the pupillary light reflex.
recent findings , however , suggest a much broader involvement of this system in an array of physiologic responses to light.
in this review , the authors discuss in detail the clinical implications of the melanopsin system.
aberrant o-mannosylation of α-dg leads to severe congenital muscular dystrophies due to detachment of ecm proteins from the basal membrane.
phosphorylation at c6-position of o-mannose catalyzed by protein o-mannosyl kinase ( pomk ) is a crucial step in the biosynthetic pathway of o-mannose glycan.
several mis-sense mutations of the pomk catalytic domain are known to cause a severe congenital muscular dystrophy , walker-warburg syndrome.
due to the low sequence similarity with other typical kinases , structure-activity relationships of this enzyme remain unclear.
here , we report the crystal structures of the pomk catalytic domain in the absence and presence of an atp analogue and o-mannosylated glycopeptide.
the pomk catalytic domain shows a typical protein kinase fold consisting of n- and c-lobes.
mannose residue binds to pomk mainly via the hydroxyl group at c2-position , differentiating from other monosaccharide residues.
mutations in this protein causing muscular dystrophies can now be rationalized.
abstract : mitochondrial dynamics proteins are critical for mitochondrial turnover and maintenance of mitochondrial health.
this study investigated the abundance of protein markers for mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial content in older adults compared to young adults.
it also investigated the adaptability of mitochondria to @number@ weeks of hit in older adults.
also , older adults had higher levels of mfn2 in type ii fibres compared with young adults.
following hit in older adults , mid49 and mfn2 levels were not different in whole muscle and mfn2 content decreased in type ii fibres.
it is challenging to differentiate the mechanical properties of synergist muscles in vivo.
shear wave elastography can be used to quantify the shear modulus ( i.e. an index of stiffness ) of a specific muscle.
the shear modulus measurements were repeated twice during experiment @number@ to assess the inter-day reliability.
two antagonist muscles tibialis anterior ( ta ) , and extensor digitorum longus ( edl ) were also recorded.
measurements were performed in different proximo-distal regions for gm , gl and sol.
inter-day reliability was adequate for all muscles ( coefficient of variation < @percent@ ) , except for tp.
in experiment @number@ sol exhibited the highest shear modulus ( @number@ ± @number@ kpa ) .
background : there is limited research about beneficial effects of physical activity in older adults suffering from mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
results : following completion of the 8-week exercise programme , both groups showed significant improvements in global and specific cognitive domains.
conclusion : findings suggest that non-aerobic training should be further explored as a beneficial intervention for older adults suffering from mci.
purpose : we investigated whether lifelong football training affects the expression of healthy longevity-related muscle molecular markers.
gene and protein expression was measured by rtqpcr on rna and by western blotting on protein extracts from muscle biopsies , respectively.
also citrate synthase activity was higher in trained than in untrained men ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ mu / mg ) .
few studies have investigated whether age modifies the association of physical work demands with health.
we hypothesized that the association of demanding body postures with deteriorated self-rated health ( srh ) is stronger among older employees than among younger employees.
physical work demands were assessed as demanding body postures.
log binomial regressions were stratified by gender.
the reference group was employees aged 18-32 years with low physical exposure.
conclusion the study findings suggest that demanding body postures have a stronger impact on health among older compared to younger employees.
method : three experiments of mandarin tone perception were conducted for younger and older listeners with mandarin chinese as the native language.
in the third experiment , the just-noticeable differences of pitch contour discrimination were measured for both groups.
moreover , the thresholds of pitch contour discrimination were significantly higher for older listeners than for younger listeners.
abundant 8-oxo-dg in dna exhibits genotoxicity and has been linked to aging and disease , such as cancer.
human oxoguanine glycosylase ( hogg1 ) shows base excision activity for 8-oxo-dg in duplex dna.
therefore , we designed and synthesized 8-halogenated 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate ( 8-halo-7-deaza-dgtp ) derivatives as mimics of 8-oxo-dgtp in order to interact with hmth1.
the 8-halo-7-deaza-dgtp derivatives were poor substrates for but strong binders to hmth1.
interestingly , they exhibited strong competitive inhibition of hmth1 in the hydrolysis of 8-oxo-dgtp.
this inhibitory effect is caused by the slower rate of hydrolysis due to possible small enzyme structural changes.
methods : a population-based prospective cohort study of @number@ community-dwelling individuals 65 + .
grip strength was measured using the standard protocol applied in the groningen elderly tests.
the cut-off thresholds for grip strength were defined separately for men and women of different ages using a weighted polynomial regression.
a cox regression analysis , the c-statistic , a risk reclassification analysis , and bootstrapping techniques were used to analyze the data.
the outcomes were the 5-year mortality rate , the loss of autonomy and mental decline.
results : we determined the age-related reference intervals of grip strength for older adults.
the norms can be used in clinical practice to identify patients at increased risk for adverse outcomes.
objective : we aimed at comparing markers of bone metabolism during unloading in young and older men , and to assess countermeasure effectiveness.
methods : @number@ older ( 60±2 years ) and @number@ younger men ( 23±3 years ) underwent bed rest ( br ) for @number@ days.
a subgroup of the older performed cognitive training during br and supplemented protein and potassium bicarbonate afterwards.
biochemical markers of bone and calcium / phosphate metabolism were assessed.
sclerostin increased during br across groups ( p = 0.016 ) .
no systematic effects of the countermeasure were observed.
conclusion : in men , older age did not affect control of bone metabolism , but bone turnover was reduced.
during br formation markers were reduced only in younger men whereas resorption markers increased to a comparable extent.
thus , we assume that older men are not at an elevated , and possibly even at a reduced risk to lose bone when immobilized.
objective : the morphology of articular cartilage ( ac ) enables painless movement.
aging and mechanical loading are believed to influence development of osteoarthritis ( oa ) , yet the connection remains unclear.
results : following skeletal maturation , chondrocyte numbers decline while increasing senescence occurs.
conclusion : mechanical loading changes proteoglycan content.
moderate mechanical loading causes hypertrophy and reduced mechanical loading causes atrophy.
overloading produces collagen network damage and proteoglycan loss , leading to irreversible cartilage destruction because of lack of regenerative capacity.
catabolic pathways involve inflammation and the transcription factor nuclear factor-κb.
thus , age seems to be a predisposing factor for oa , with mechanical overload being the likely triggering cause.
in humans , dna methylation at specific cpg sites can be used to estimate the ' epigenetic clock' , a biomarker of aging and health.
the mechanisms that regulate the aging epigenome and level of conservation are not entirely clear.
we performed affinity-based enrichment with methyl-cpg binding domain protein followed by high-throughput sequencing ( mbd-seq ) to assay dna methylation in mouse samples.
the differentially methylated regions in mice have high sequence conservation in humans and the pattern of methylation is also largely conserved between the two species.
based on human encode data , these sites are targeted by polycomb proteins , including ezh2.
this adds to the growing evidence that ezh2 is part of the protein machinery that shapes the aging epigenome.
the conservation in both sequence and methylation patterns of the age-dependent cpgs indicate that the epigenetic clock is a fundamental feature of aging in mammals.
background : older people have the highest incidence of acute medical admissions.
hospitalisations in this population are often by acute admission and through the emergency department.
these are essential for prioritising treatment during hospitalisation and after discharge.
methods : a cohort study of acutely admitted medical patients aged @number@ or older.
survival time within a @number@ years post-discharge follow up period was used as the outcome.
the associations between the markers and survival time were investigated by cox regression analyses.
for analyses , all markers were grouped by quartiles.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included.
among the @number@ patients without a cancer diagnosis , mortality within @number@ years was @percent@.
univariate and multiple regression analyses for each marker showed that all were significantly associated with post-discharge survival.
the changes between the estimates for the fi-outref quartiles in the univariate- and the multiple analyses were negligible.
conclusion : among acutely admitted older medical patients , fi-outref was strongly associated with long-term mortality.
this association was independent of age , sex , and number of chronic diagnoses , new chronic diagnoses , and new acute admissions.
hence fi-outref could be a biomarker of advancement of aging within the acute care setting.
satellite cells express high levels of fgf receptors @number@ and @number@ low levels of fgf receptor @number@ and little or no detectable fgf receptor @number@
regulation of fgf signaling is complex in satellite cells , requiring syndecan-4 , a heparan sulfate proteoglycan , as well as ß1-integrin and fibronectin.
during aging , reduced responsiveness to fgf diminishes satellite cell self-renewal , leading to impaired skeletal muscle regeneration and depletion of satellite cells.
mislocalization of ß1-integrin , reductions in fibronectin , and alterations in heparan sulfate content all contribute to reduced fgf responsiveness in satellite cells.
how these cell surface proteins regulate satellite cell self-renewal is incompletely understood.
developmental dynamics 246 : 359-367 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
marked hepatic neutrophil infiltration was first detected in 3-week mice , whereas histological evidence of liver injury was not detected until 6-weeks of age.
subsequent in vitro studies demonstrated that normal hepatocytes but not other non-parenchymal liver cells responded to bile acids with inflammatory cytokine induction.
conclusion : bile acids induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hepatocytes in abcb4- / - mice that initiates an inflammatory response.
this inflammatory response plays an important role in the development of cholestatic liver injury in this and other cholestatic conditions.
furthermore , understanding of these inflammatory mechanisms should lead to new therapeutic approaches for cholestatic liver diseases.
the mitochondrial lysine deacetylase sirtuin @number@ ( sirt3 ) reverses this modification with benefits reported in diabetes , obesity , and aging.
the frequent occurrence of an s-acetyl intermediate before lysine n-acetylation suggests that proximity to a thioester is a key determinant of lysine susceptibility to acetylation.
the thioesterase glyoxalase ii ( glo2 ) can limit protein s-acetylation , thereby preventing subsequent lysine n-acetylation.
aging and lipotoxicity are two major risk factors for gout that are linked by the activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome.
neutrophil-mediated production of interleukin-1β ( il-1β ) drives gouty flares that cause joint destruction , intense pain , and fever.
however , metabolites that impact neutrophil inflammasome remain unknown.
bhb inhibited nlrp3 inflammasome in s100a9 fibril-primed and urate crystal-activated macrophages , which serve to recruit inflammatory neutrophils in joints.
mechanistically , bhb inhibited the nlrp3 inflammasome in neutrophils by reducing priming and assembly steps.
mechanical and geometrical cues influence cell behaviour.
it was recently shown in cultured-cell models , in particular with fibroblasts , that the frequency of the applied stress is a fundamental stimulating parameter.
however , the influence of the stimulus frequency at the tissue level has remained elusive.
skin explants were maintained ex vivo for @number@ days and massaged twice daily for one minute at various frequencies within the range of 65-85 hz.
biopsies were analysed at d0 , d5 and d10 and processed for immuno-histological staining specific to various dermal proteins.
the mechanical stimulus thus evoked an anti-aging response.
strikingly , the expression was found to depend on the stimulus frequency with maximum expression at 75hz.
we then tested whether this mechanical stimulus had an anti-aging effect in vivo.
a control group of twenty-two women , with similar ages to the first group , applied the cream alone.
we found that combining the massaging device with a skin anti-aging formulation amplified the beneficial effects of the cream.
the purpose of this study was to understand the health and safety risk factors for hhcw.
one-on-one interviews were conducted with hhcw to elicit frequency of daily occupational exposures to hazards and risk factors during visits to patients ' homes.
approximately @percent@ of the study population was over @number@ years old and mostly obese , potentially increasing risk for injury.
hhcw routinely perform physical tasks with increased risk for occupational musculoskeletal injuries.
the majority of hhcw were also exposed to secondhand smoke and occasionally experienced violence.
objectives : the global spinal sagittal alignment varies widely among healthy individuals as it is affected by not only race , but also aging.
we investigated age-related changes in the spinal alignment in asymptomatic japanese individuals.
methods : the subjects comprised @number@ individuals without any spine-related neurological symptoms or treatment history thereof who visited our outpatient clinic.
lateral radiographs of the whole spine were taken for all subjects in the standing position.
based on the images obtained , spino-pelvic parameters were calculated using jackson's method so as to analyze any correlations with age.
results : tia , tk , and c2-c7a were found to markedly increase with age from late middle age ( p < @number@ ) .
no correlation with aging was found for lumbosacral parameters or sagittal balance ( p > @number@ ) .
sagittal balance tended to be retained even in elderly subjects if lumbosacral lordosis was large enough to compensate for thoracic kyphosis.
a very strong correlation was found between the l1 slope and whole-spine sagittal balance ( p < @number@ r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : increases in cervicothoracic curvature occurring along with thoracic deformation underlie age-related changes in the spine.
in contrast , the lumbosacral spine compensates in such a manner so as to maintain the sagittal balance.
the whole-spine sagittal balance can deteriorate if the compensatory changes in the lumbosacral spine are insufficient.
the l1 slope is a central parameter that defines the whole-spine sagittal balance.
background : biological underpinnings of falls in older adults are not well established.
objectives : to examine the validity of selected oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers for predicting incident falls in community-dwelling older adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting and participants : @number@ non-demented and ambulatory community-dwelling older adults ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) .
results : over a mean follow-up of @number@ ± @number@ months , @number@ participants fell.
log-il-6 levels were not associated with falls.
design : longitudinal.
setting : community-based.
participants : men and women aged @number@ and older from the invecchiare in chianti study ( n = @number@ ) .
pa was assessed through an interviewer-administered questionnaire at baseline and 3-year follow-up.
conclusion : maintaining or increasing pa levels may attenuate age-associated physical performance decline.
objective : our group has developed a bipolar bioimpedance measurement-based method for determining the state of wound healing.
the objective of this study was to assess the capability of the method.
methods : to assess the performance of the method , we arranged a follow-up study of four acute wounds.
the wounds were measured using the method and photographed throughout the healing process.
results : initially the bioimpedance of the wounds was significantly lower than the impedance of the undamaged skin , used as a baseline.
gradually , as healing progressed , the wound impedance increased and finally reached the impedance of the undamaged skin.
conclusion : the clinical appearance of the wounds examined in this study corresponded well with the parameters derived from the bioimpedance data.
the assessment and the monitoring of chronic wounds are mainly based on visual inspection by medical professionals.
there is a need for an objective and quantitative method for determining the status of a wound without removing the wound dressings.
this study provided evidence of the capability of the bioimpedance based method for assessing the wound status.
in the future measurements with the method should be extended to concern hard-to-heal wounds.
here , we show that in p21 @number@'utr , nsun2 catalyzes m5c modification and mettl3 / mettl14 catalyzes m6a modification.
interestingly , methylation at m6a by mettl3 / mettl14 facilitates the methylation of m5c by nsun2 , and vice versa.
j. cell.
biochem.
118 : 2587-2598 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
the adult with congenital heart disease ( chd ) is at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ascvd ) .
we obtained extensive clinical and survey data on @number@ enrolled patients , with average age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ men.
laboratory data were available in @number@ of the @number@ patients.
abnormal levels of glycated hemoglobin , high-sensitivity c-reactive protein , and high-density lipoprotein were each found in around @percent@ of patients.
in conclusion , ascvd risk factors are prevalent in adults with chd.
control mgc803 cells were grown without acids or bile salts for @number@ weeks as a control.
cell morphology , proliferation , colony formation and apoptosis of mgc803-resistant cells were analyzed after @number@ weeks.
the c-myc and htert protein and mrna levels were significantly higher in local recurrent gastric cancer samples than in primary gastric cancer samples.
these phenotypic changes were found to be dependent on c-myc activation using the c-myc inhibitor 10058-f4.
mgc803-resistant cells also showed a c-myc-dependent increase in xenograft growth and telomerase activity in vivo.
these findings suggest that acidified bile acids play an important role in the malignant progression of local recurrent gastric cancer.
key points : age significantly modifies the relationship between aortic pulse wave velocity and telomere length.
abstract : ageing is associated with marked large artery stiffening.
telomere shortening , a marker of cellular ageing , is linked with arterial stiffening.
however , the results of existing studies are inconsistent , possibly because of the confounding influence of variable exposure to cardiovascular risk factors.
demographic , haemodynamic and biochemical data were drawn from participants in the anglo-cardiff collaborative trial.
ultimately , this yielded complete phenotypic data on @number@ individuals.
in younger subjects , tl was significantly shorter in those with high apwv vs. those with low apwv ( p = @number@ ) .
by contrast , in older subjects , tl was significantly longer in those with high apwv ( p = @number@ ) .
age significantly modified the relationship between apwv and tl ( p < @number@ ) .
differential relationships are observed between apwv and tl , with an inverse association in younger individuals and a positive association in older individuals.
the links between cellular and vascular ageing reflect a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors acting over the life-course.
a key question concerns how adult stem cells use quiescence to establish or reinforce the property of self-renewal.
since self-renewal is largely studied by assays that measure proliferation , the concept of self-renewal programs imposed during non-proliferating conditions is counterintuitive.
we also provide detailed protocols developed or refined in our lab over the past two decades.
in particular , this age group is more vulnerable to adverse drug events because of the physiological changes that occur due to senescence.
methods : a study of relevant articles was conducted among databases ( medline , psycinfo , and ebm reviews-cochrane database of systematic reviews ) .
eligibility criteria were established and applied by two investigators to include suitable studies.
the results and outcomes of interest were detailed in a descriptive report.
these studies showed that adverse health events related to self-medication are relatively frequently reported.
conclusions : studies on self-medication in the elderly and its adverse health effects are clearly lacking.
sarcopenia of age is prevalent and costly and proven pharmacological interventions are currently lacking.
there are several ways in which we might select potential pharmacological interventions for testing in clinical trials.
once a pharmacological intervention has been proposed , efficacy must be demonstrated in this complex multi-morbid population.
further development of trial methods is required to accelerate progress in this important area of medicine for older people.
background : gait patterns of healthy aging are needed to allow a comparison with pathological situations.
however , little data is available.
objective : to present gait pattern of healthy older specially selected to be \ "healthy walkers \ ".
method : fifty-seven older people benefited from a geriatric assessment including clinical and functional evaluations to include only those without gait disorders.
gait speed and stride length were normalized to the right leg length.
results : fifty-seven older people with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years old ( range from @number@ to @number@ years ) were included.
data were analyzed according to the gender and according to the age ( < 70 or ≥70 years old ) .
the regularity in fw was significantly lower among older volunteers.
the age-related impact on gait performances appears reduced in this cohort.
practitioners may use these findings to help identify older adults with low muscle power capacities and possibly overall functional decline.
there is an urgent need to identify innovative upstream solutions to barriers experienced by older adults in accessing and buying healthy food.
participants collectively reviewed data retrieved from the discovery tool and identified and prioritized important , yet feasible , issues to address.
access to affordable healthy food and transportation were identified as the major barriers to eating healthfully and navigating their neighborhood food environments.
formation of an oocyte involves a specialized cell division termed meiosis.
crossovers are formed as an outcome of recombination.
this process initiates with programmed double-strand breaks that are repaired through the use of homologous chromosomes as a repair template.
the events occurring in meiotic prophase i are a prerequisite for proper chromosome segregation in the meiotic divisions.
when these processes go awry , chromosomes missegregate.
these meiotic errors are thought to increase with aging and may contribute to the increase in aneuploidy observed in advanced maternal age female oocytes.
tight coupling of reproduction to environmental factors and physiological status is key to long-term species survival.
in particular , highly conserved pathways modulate germline stem cell lineages according to nutrient availability.
in addition to illustrating the extent of dietary regulation of reproduction , findings from these studies have implications for fertility during aging or disease states.
skin aging manifests primarily with wrinkles , dyspigmentations , texture changes , and loss of elasticity.
the key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronic acid ( ha ) , which has a significant water-binding capacity.
ha levels in skin decline with age resulting in decrease in skin moisture , which may contribute to loss of firmness.
clinical trials have shown that topically applied rol effectively reduces wrinkles and helps retain youthful appearance.
aging is associated with an increase in circulating inflammatory factors.
sdf-1 has pleiotropic roles in bone formation and bmsc differentiation into osteoblasts / osteocytes , and in osteoprogenitor cell survival.
in multivariable-adjusted models , higher sdf-1 levels were associated with lower total hip bmd ( p = @number@ ) .
however , there was no significant association of sdf-1 with hip fractures ( p = @number@ ) .
these findings suggest that sdf-1 levels are linked to bone homeostasis.
background : statins are used to lower cholesterol in plasma and are one of the most used drugs in the world.
many statin users experience muscle pain , but the mechanisms are unknown at the moment.
many studies have hypothesized that mitochondrial function could be involved in these side effects.
methods : mitochondrial respiratory capacity and substrate sensitivity were measured in permeabilized muscle fibers by high-resolution respirometry.
no differences were seen in q conclusion : two weeks of statin ( s or p ) treatment have no major effect on mitochondrial function.
the tendency for an increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity after simvastatin treatment could be an early indication of the negative effects linked to statin treatment.
about 20-25% of all persons and about @percent@ of all patients who are acutely hospitalized in internal medicine departments have multiple acute or chronic diseases.
they are multimorbid.
the encounter with multimorbid patients has become the most common situation in the health care system.
theoretically , multimorbidity results in an innumerable potential disease constellations.
in addition , the likelihood of interactions between diseases ( disease-disease interactions , ddi ) and the complexity increases overproportionately with each additional disease.
such combinations lead to a worsening of the overall prognosis.
in addition , ddis are often difficult to treat or are life-threatening.
such ddis are common.
nevertheless , there are few studies and clinical guidelines that address these issues.
the care of multimorbid patients is , therefore , heavily reliant upon guidelines developed mostly for single diseases.
however , multimorbidity and serious ddis are usually not addressed in these.
clinical guidelines can thus inadvertently jeopardize the safety of persons suffering from multiple diseases.
in addition , stressful dilemmas arise for physicians encountering ddis because of difficult treatment decisions.
in this study , we employed laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on pfa-fixed brain sections obtained from two adult common marmosets.
understanding the pathogenesis of icic is essential for their successful therapy and prevention.
however , efforts are hindered by the lack of comprehensive understanding of the human immune system function.
the cdr functions as a consequence of system's thermodynamically determined intrinsic tendency to acquire new states of inner equilibrium and equilibrium against the environment.
consequently , immune repertoire undergoes continuous dual ( two-way ) resetting : against the physiologic continuous changes of self and against the continuously changing environment.
notably , uspcb is widely used to retrieve tissue specimens in cases of hepatic lesions.
in this review , we discuss some points and techniques that need to be borne in mind to increase the chances of successful uspcb.
the relationship between gfr decline and bp was analyzed in linear mixed models.
results : the mean ( standard deviation ) gfr decline rate was @number@ ( @number@ ) ml / min / year.
conclusions : in the medium-term , elevated bp is not associated with accelerated gfr decline in the general middle-aged population.
in persons using antihypertensive medication , elevated bp is associated with a paradoxical slower gfr decline.
studies with even longer observation periods are needed to evaluate the ultimate effect of bp on kidney function.
introduction : recent genome-wide association studies have explored some new loci in association with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
rab7l1 is an important gene involved in one of the important neurological pathways , located in park16 locus.
results : we found significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies between patients and controls.
also another significant association was observed between the cc genotype and pd ( p = @number@ or = @number@ ( @number@.252-0.772 ) ) .
conclusion : our data support the association between rs823144 and decreased risk of pd.
pneumonia generates considerable negative impacts on the elderly.
the definitive mechanisms of high vulnerability in the elderly against pathogen threats are unclear.
age-associated , chronic low-grade inflammation augments the susceptibility and severity of pneumonia in the elderly.
these properties are beneficial if the sequence of is transient in manner.
however , persisting senescent cell accumulation and excessive sasp might induce sustained low-grade inflammation and disruption of normal tissue microenvironments in aged tissue.
in addition to their structural collapses , copd and ipf might increase the vulnerability to pathogen insults through sasp.
for instance , little is known about the working conditions of vulnerable groups such as young and aging fishermen.
a cross-sectional study was designed , and @number@ fishermen working aboard sm fishing vessels were interviewed to collect information about their safety and health.
the associations of physical and psychosocial work conditions with safety and health outcomes , e.g. , injuries , illnesses and job satisfaction , are presented.
elderly people have increased susceptibility to infections and cancer that are associated with decline in cellular immune function.
we conducted a large survey of older people's knowledge of stis and safer sexual practices.
we examined both levels of knowledge and factors associated with an overall knowledge score.
results : in total , @number@ respondents reported having sex in the past five years and answered all knowledge questions.
this group had good general knowledge but poorer knowledge in areas such as the protection offered by condoms and potential transmission modes for specific stis.
women had better knowledge than men.
knowledge was also better among men and women who had been tested for stis or reported ' other ' sources of knowledge on stis.
conclusions : many older australians lack knowledge of stis and safer sexual practices.
experiments @number@ and @number@ demonstrated that this age difference was found at various stimulus durations and sizes.
we found that the difference between cces measured with achromatic and colored stimuli was larger in older than in younger adults.
finally , we will discuss the implication of aging-related somatopause in relation to the general context of immunosenescence.
the thymus is primarily responsible for t cell production.
however , it begins to recede in size and function , from early in life.
the specific mechanisms underlying tepc activation are still being investigated.
recent data point to an important role of the intrathymic transforming growth factor-β ( tgf-β ) circuitry.
this review investigates the current strategies for thymus reactivation to replenish the peripheral t cell repertoire and potentially reverse the age-related inflammatory milieu.
exposures to various dna damaging agents can deregulate a wide array of critical mechanisms that maintain genome integrity.
it is unclear how these processes are impacted by one's age at the time of exposure and the complexity of the dna lesion.
centrosome aberrations and changes in stem cell numbers were examined to assess cancer susceptibility.
our data show that the frequency of centrosome aberrations proportionately increases with age following complex damage causing exposures.
however , a dose-dependent increase in stem cell numbers was independent of both age and the nature of the insult.
phospho-protein signatures provide mechanistic clues to signaling networks implicated in these effects.
together these studies suggest that complex damage can threaten the genome stability of the stem cell population in older people.
propagation of this instability is subject to influence by the microenvironment and will ultimately define cancer risk in the older population.
background : cataract is the leading cause of world blindness.
the only available treatment for cataract is surgery.
surgery requires highly-trained individuals with expensive operating facilities.
where these are not available , patients go untreated.
when applied as an eye drop , l-carnosine cannot penetrate the eye.
objectives : to assess the effectiveness of nac drops to prevent or reverse the progression of cataract.
we did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials.
we last searched the electronic databases on @date@ .
selection criteria : we planned to include randomized or quasi-randomised controlled trials where nac was compared to control in people with age-related cataract.
data collection and analysis : we used standard methodological procedures expected by cochrane.
main results : we identified two potentially eligible studies from russia and the united states.
the other study ran for four months with a data collection point at the start and end of the study only.
a total of @number@ people were enrolled in these studies.
the ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.we were unable to obtain sufficient information to reliably determine how both these studies were designed and conducted.
we have contacted the author of these studies , but have not yet received a reply.
therefore , these studies are assigned as ' awaiting classification ' in the review until sufficient information can be obtained from the authors.
neocortical gamma activity is crucial for sensory perception and cognition.
furthermore , we correlate the individual alpha-to-gamma difference in relative visual-area power ( δrv ) with cognitive scores for the older adults.
we find that δrv decrease with age by just over one standard deviation when comparing young with old participants ( p < 0.01 ) .
background : published research studies have described the existence of @number@ glabellar contraction patterns.
botulinum toxin a ( bonta ) has been an approved and effective treatment of glabellar lines.
objective : to study the pattern and frequency of glabellar contraction patterns in the chinese population.
to compare injection patterns and doses of bonta in westerners within china.
methods : four hundred fifty-six healthy volunteers were randomly recruited.
photographs both in static and in frown state were taken and classified based on the method of @number@ glabellar line patterns.
the severity of the glabellar lines both at repose and during forced contraction was assessed by the facial wrinkle scale ( fws ) .
subsequently , @number@ of them were treated with bonta.
lower doses of bonta significantly improved the static and dynamic glabellar lines in the chinese.
conclusion : the classification of @number@ glabellar patterns is compatible for the chinese population despite different proportions.
the dosage of bonta should be less than @number@ u during treatment in china with lowered incidence of complications.
the occurrence of chronic diseases such as neurological , metabolic and cardiovascular degenerative disorders increases with age.
cell therapy is an emerging approach to the treatment of these conditions.
the regenerative capacity of stem cells harvested from elderly people is however controversial.
objective : we analyzed associations between a battery of gait characteristics and frailty status across four different frailty instruments in old patients.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : geriatric wards of a general hospital.
participants : @number@ hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years.
measurements : spatio-temporal and three-dimensional gait characteristics were assessed by an electronic walkway and a shoe-mounted , inertial sensor-based mobile gait analysis system.
conclusions : gait changes in frail patients include more than solely a reduction in walking speed.
objective : prefrail and frail older adults are a heterogeneous population.
the measurement of appendicular lean mass ( alm ) may distinguish those at higher versus lower risk of poor outcomes.
we examined the relationship between alm and mortality among prefrail and frail older adults.
design : this was a population-based cohort study.
setting : the third national health and nutrition survey ( nhanes iii ; 1988-1994 ) .
participants : older adults ( age ≥65 years ) with pre-frailty or frailty defined using the fried criteria.
measurements : alm was quantified using bioimpedance analysis.
multivariable-adjusted cox regression analysis examined the relationship between alm and mortality.
logistic regression analysis was used to determine if alm added to age and sex improved the predictive discrimination of five-year and ten-year mortality.
results : at baseline , the average age was @number@ years , @percent@ were female , @percent@ and @percent@ were prefrail and frail , respectively.
the mean alm was @number@ kg [ standard deviation ( sd ) : @number@ ] .
during a median @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ of @number@ study participants died ( @percent@ ) .
higher alm was associated with a lower risk of mortality.
conclusion : alm distinguishes the risk of mortality among prefrail and frail older adults.
additional research examining alm as a therapeutic target is warranted.
design : a cross-sectional study was conducted with patients submitted to videofluoroscopy.
setting and participants : data of @number@ patients were analyzed between @date@ and @date@ .
measurements : the clinical history and vfs exams of patients ≥ @number@ years were retrospectively analyzed.
results : @percent@ patients presented oropharyngeal dysphagia ( od ) , @percent@ presented laryngeal penetration and @percent@ presented aspiration.
@percent@ patients presented pharyngeal residue.
underweight [ body mass index < @number@ kg / m2 ] was not associated with the presence of aspiration.
conclusion : in the present study , neurologic diseases , hnc , male sex and underweight were associated to impaired swallowing efficacy.
underweight , independently of the other variables , was not associated with impaired swallowing safety.
design : a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
using these covs of ua , the participants were divided into normal- and high-level groups of ua.
in oo men , the hrs was @number@ for developing future mets.
however , no significant findings could be noted in the odo group.
kaplan-meier plots and log rank test also showed the same findings.
using ua as one of the metabolic biomarkers may help clinicians to early detect and prevent mets and diabetes.
objective : malnutrition among older hospital inpatients is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes.
time-pressured staff may struggle to provide mealtime assistance.
this study aimed to evaluate the impact of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on the dietary intake of older inpatients.
setting : two acute medical female wards in a university hospital in england.
intervention : the introduction of volunteer mealtime assistants to one ward to help patients during weekday lunchtimes in the intervention year.
patients ' clinical characteristics did not differ between wards in the observational or intervention years.
throughout the intervention year volunteers provided mealtime assistance on weekday lunchtimes on the intervention ward only.
data were therefore combined for further analysis to explore influences on dietary intake.
objectives : this study investigated the effect of riboflavin on aging in drosophila melanogaster ( fruit fly ) .
design : experimental study.
setting : naval medical research institute.
participants : fruit fly drosophila melanogaster.
intervention : after lifelong supplement of riboflavin , the lifespan and the reproduction of fruit flies were observed.
hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) was used to mimic oxidative stress damage to fruit flies and the survival time was recorded.
riboflavin deserves more attention for slowing human aging.
objective : to investigate causal factors of functional impairment in old age in a longitudinal approach.
design : a population-based prospective cohort study.
setting : elderly individuals were recruited via gp offices at six study centers in germany.
they were observed every @number@ years over six waves.
participants : three thousand two hundred fifty-six people aged @number@ years and older at baseline.
the comorbidity score did not affect functional impairment.
conclusion : our findings underline the relevance of changes in sociodemographic variables as well as the occurrence of depression or dementia for functional impairment.
while several of these causal factors for functional decline in the oldest old are inevitable , some may not be , such as depression.
therefore , developing interventional strategies to prevent depression might be a fruitful approach in order to delay functional impairment in old age.
design : an analysis of data from sa with a pre-post design was performed.
setting : the participants were living in ordinary housing or special housing in sweden.
participants : @number@ persons , @number@ years and older , registered in both sa and the dementia quality register svedem were included.
intervention : a national preventive care program including individualized actions.
measurements : the mini nutritional assessment-short form was used to assess nutritional status at baseline.
body weight was measured during baseline and follow-up ( 7-106 days after baseline ) .
results : @percent@ persons were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
in those with incomplete registration no increase in body weight was found.
this study contributes to the development of evidence-based practice regarding malnutrition and persons with dementia.
objective : to examine the relationship between regional and whole body fat accumulation and core cognitive executive functions.
design : cross-sectional study.
settings and participants : @number@ healthy men and women aged between @number@ and @number@ years recruited through consumer's database.
first-order partial correlations between regional body fat and cognitive executive function were computed partialling out the effects of whole body fat.
moderation analysis was performed to verify the effect of gender on the body fat-cognition relationship.
results : results showed a differentiated pattern of fat-cognition relationship depending on fat localization and type of cognitive function.
conclusions : results suggest a protective effect of gynoid body fat and a deleterious effect of android body fat.
objective : to examine the association of dietary sodium intake with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : southern california community.
linear regression was used to assess the association between calorie-adjusted sodium intake and cognitive test scores with adjustment for demographic , behavioral and health measures.
logistic regression examined the odds of having cognitive impairment by sodium intake.
concluson : lower sodium intake was associated with worse cognitive function in older community-dwelling adults.
for the maintenance of cognitive health , older adults may be advised to avoid very low sodium diets.
design : analysis of 9-year prospective cohort data from the new mexico aging process study.
setting : healthy independent-living adults.
participants : 60 + years of age ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : gait speed , cognitive function ( 3mse score ) , apoe4 , htn , bmi , education , health status.
results : over @number@ years , @number@ one-year transitions were observed.
transitions to worse function were significantly increased for the same factors ( all p < 0.05 ) .
times to lower gait speed and cognitive function did not precede each other ( p = 0.91 ) .
methodology : @number@ adults , both sexes , the average age was @number@ years for patients and @number@ years for respondents.
they were recruited from the general practice clinic at the clinical hospital of são paulo ( agd-fmusp ) .
the agreement between the responses given by patients and respondents was assessed using spearman , weighted kappa and bland altman tests.
the ingestion differences did not exceeded the limit of the two standard deviations for the majority of the pairs ( bland altman ) .
design : cohort study.
setting : data were drawn from the first and third waves of the mexican health and aging study.
participants : included participants were community-dwelling 50-year or older adults with measured height at baseline and in follow-up.
subjects with a lower limb fracture in the follow-up were excluded.
measurements : main measurements were baseline standing height and 11-year follow-up and knee-estimated height in follow-up.
population specific equations were used to estimate standing height from knee height.
comparisons between baseline standing height and knee-derived height were done with simple correlations , limits of agreement ( bland-altman plot ) and deming regressions.
results : a total of @number@ 50-year or older adults were followed-up for eleven years , with a mean age of @number@
limits of agreement for men were from @number@.95cm to @number@.09cm and for women from @number@.58cm to @number@.44cm.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community dwelling adults in the republic of ireland ( roi ) .
participants : @number@ participants aged @number@ years and older.
measurements : tilda is a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community dwelling adults aged @number@ years and over in the roi.
results : after excluding participants with eye disease , data from @number@ participants were available for analysis.
for each of these variables , the significant associations remained after controlling for other potential confounding variables.
objective : to evaluate the use of a short questionnaire to assess diet quality in older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : hertfordshire , uk.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( 59-73 years ) .
scores calculated from the full and short ffq were compared with nutrient intake and blood concentrations of vitamin c and lipids.
conclusions : a short food-based questionnaire provides useful information about the diet quality of older adults.
this simple tool does not require nutrient analysis , and has the potential to be of value to non-specialist researchers.
in addition , fat mass displayed a significant reduction ( p < @number@ ) following the training period only for the obese group.
furthermore , there was no association between changes in circulating irisin with body mass index , body fat , fat-free mass and muscle strength.
there was an increase in muscle strength ( p < @number@ ) , regardless of obesity status.
objectives : consumption of nuts and seeds is associated favorably with all-cause mortality.
nuts and seeds could reduce disease and prolong life by influencing telomeres.
telomere length is a good indicator of the senescence of cells.
design : cross-sectional.
measurements : dna was obtained via blood samples.
telomere length was assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method.
a validated , multi-pass , 24-h recall dietary assessment , administered by nhanes , was employed to quantify consumption of nuts and seeds.
results : nuts and seeds intake was positively and linearly associated with telomere length.
conclusions : consumption of nuts and seeds accounts for meaningful decreases in biologic aging and cell senescence.
background : previously we showed that @number@ weeks of mixed-low resistance training ( low + ) significantly increased circulating bdnf in older male individuals.
objectives : to examine the impact of @number@ weeks detraining on circulating bdnf.
design : randomized intervention study.
setting : community-dwelling older adults.
continuous exercise adherence seems to be needed to sustain the training-induced effects on bdnf in older persons.
additional studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms , as well as to confirm the observed sex difference.
background : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is common among frail older adults.
oral anticoagulation ( oac ) is particularly challenging for these due to overlapping stroke and bleeding risk factor profiles.
objective : to compare the utility of stroke and haemorrhage risk-prediction instruments in the treatment of af among frail older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
settings and participants : frail residents in four nursing homes with a clinical frailty scale score ≥5 ( median 7±0 ) .
measurements : the prevalence of af was assessed by ecg and chart review.
stroke ( chads2 and cha2ds2-vasc ) and bleeding ( hasbled and hemorr2hages ) risk-prediction scores were then applied.
results : in total , @number@ patients were included.
the distribution of cfs scores was similar irrespective of af status.
in all , 86 / 225 ( @percent@ ) had any history of af.
of these , only 15 / 86 ( @percent@ ) were prescribed oac.
all those in af scored ≥2 on the cha2ds2-vasc.
one-third also scored high-risk of bleeding using has-bled or hemorr2hages.
risk-prediction scores were similar between those with ' known ' ( documented ) and occult ( only on ecg ) af.
despite this , only 12 / 60 ( @percent@ ) were anticoagulated.
despite this and the high prevalence of af , oac prescription rates were low.
this systematic review summarizes the psychometric properties of goal-setting instruments that are applied within geriatric rehabilitation.
pubmed medline and embase were systematically searched for eligible articles.
eleven studies were included.
one study assessed a core set of the international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) framework.
high concurrent , content and predictive validity and inter-rater reliability were found for gas.
responsiveness appears to be excellent.
concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability of the copm and content validity of both the copm and siga appear to be good.
responsiveness of both instruments seems to be poor.
content validity of the icf core set was found to be fair ; responsiveness appears to be very poor.
there is little published data on goal-setting instruments in geriatric rehabilitation.
evidence for its psychometric properties may support gas as goal-setting instrument and additional outcome measure.
however , more research is required in order to evaluate gas , as research conducted in other health care settings may provide important additional findings.
before the copm ( or siga ) can be recommended as goal-setting instrument , its psychometric properties require further research.
the inability to independently grocery shop , a food-related iadl , negatively affects nutritional status and survival among seniors.
fifty-six percent of participants reported difficulty with grocery shopping.
those who reported difficulty had significantly lower scores for dynamic balance , balance confidence and fall efficacy compared to those who did not.
this study revealed a relationship between the fear of falling and perceived difficulty with grocery shopping.
interventions should address fear of falling among the frail seniors.
after losses , a sample of @number@ older adults was classified as non-frail , pre-frail and frail.
according to the fried frailty criteria , the prevalence was @percent@ for non-frail individuals , @percent@ pre-frail and @percent@ frail.
this study identified the most important factors that must be evaluated to identify frailty syndrome in a socially vulnerable population in the context of poverty.
the data should help to encourage effective strategies concerning public health policies for this population.
background : anthropometric parameters are closely associated with the pathophysiology of frailty and with clinic and functional parameters assessed for its diagnosis.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : the sample was selected among community-dwelling older people from the city of ribeirão preto / brazil.
participants : @number@ independent older people ( mean age @number@.8±6.4 years ) who participated in the fibra ( frailty in brazilian older people ) study.
measurements : weight and height were collected for bmi analysis and frailty criteria were applied according to fried et al.
results : the prevalence of frailty was @percent@.
comorbidities and dependence in activities of daily living ( adls ) were associated with bmi ≥ 30kg.m2.
conclusion : regardless of the classification adopted , low weight is associated with frailty.
background : recent studies suggest that bone and muscle wasting are closely interconnected.
objective : the aim was of this study is to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in a population of women diagnosed with sarcopenia.
results : a total of @number@ women aged @number@.38±6.32 years were included.
among them , @number@ were assessed with sarcopenia ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) with osteoporosis.
there were more osteoporotic women among sarcopenic subjects ( @percent@ ) than among non-sarcopenic subjects ( @percent@ ) ( p-value = 0.011 ) .
a significant lower appendicular lean mass index was observed in osteoporotic women ( p-value = 0.025 ) .
we also observed , in osteoporotic subjects , a lower muscle strength ( p-value = 0.023 ) .
numerical values of bone mineral density were lower in the sarcopenic population but the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance.
conclusion : our study demonstrated that muscle mass and strength are lower in patients with osteoporosis.
prospective changes in bone and muscle mass will be investigated during the follow-up of our cohort.
background : sarcopenia is the progressive loss of mass and skeletal muscle strength and has serious consequences on older people's health.
the chilean older population has a high life-expectancy , but the prevalence of functional dependence is also high.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community.
participants : @number@ non-disabled , community-dwelling subjects aged @number@ years or older living in santiago.
measurements : anthropometric measurements , handgrip strength , physical performance tests , and ( dxa ) scan were performed.
sarcopenia was defined using the algorithm of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people ( ewgsop ) .
for a 3m walking speed we used the cut-off point of the ewgsop definition.
nutritional status and obesity were defined according to world health organization standards.
association between sarcopenia and age , gender , bmi and lean / fat mass ratio was estimated by logistic regression models.
results : the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ ( 95%ci : @number@.8%-21.8% ) , similar in men and women.
there was an increasing trend of sarcopenia by age group and a decreasing trend with nutritional status.
conclusions : the total prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ increasing with age reaching @percent@ in people of @number@ or more years of age.
a negative association of sarcopenia with overweight , obesity and lean / fat mass ratio was observed.
although the high prevalence of obesity ( @percent@ ) , only @percent@ of obese people were sarcopenic.
background : handgrip strength is a simple measurement of overall muscular strength and is used to detect sarcopenia.
it also predicts adverse events in later life.
many mechanisms of sarcopenia development have been reported.
a hypertensive status impairs endothelial dysfunction , which might deteriorate skeletal muscle if vascular angiogenesis is not maintained.
objectives : this study investigated muscle strength and circulating cd34-positive cells as a marker of vascular angiogenesis.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : @number@ male japanese community dwellers aged @number@ to @number@ years.
measurements : the participants ' handgrip strength , medical history , and blood samples were taken.
we stratified the participants by hypertensive status to investigate the association between handgrip strength and circulating cd34-positive cells according to hypertensive status.
pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were used.
the relationship was not significant in non-hypertensive participants ( ß = -0.09 , p = 0.903 ) .
conclusions : we found a positive association between handgrip strength and circulating cd34-positive cells in hypertensive men.
vascular maintenance attributed by circulating cd34-positive cells is thought to be a background mechanism of this association after hypertension-induced vascular injury in skeletal muscle.
frailty is an emerging and immediate public health concern given the growing aging population.
recent research suggests that frailty may be reversible , which could result in significant improvement in public health.
collagen hydrolysate is a well-known dietary supplement for the treatment of skin aging ; however , its mode of action remains unknown.
here , we analyzed the plasma concentration of collagen-derived peptides after ingestion of high tripeptide containing collagen hydrolysate in humans.
we identified @number@ types of collagen-derived peptides transiently , with a particular enrichment in gly-pro-hyp.
interestingly , this pro-hyp enrichment in the skin was derived from gly-pro-hyp hydrolysis , as the administration of pure gly-pro-hyp peptide led to similar results.
therefore , we propose that functional peptides can be transferred to the skin by dietary supplements of collagen.
csf catecholamines and its metabolites were analyzed by hplc with electrochemical detection.
these results suggest increased da release from non-da cells and deficient da re-uptake in pd-lid.
monitoring da and dopac in csf of l-dopa-treated pd patients may help identify patients at risk of developing lid.
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance ( mgus ) is a common condition in the elderly.
we conducted a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis comparing bone health outcomes in patients with mgus.
two independent authors searched pubmed and scopus from inception until @date@ .
a meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies investigating fractures and bmd was conducted.
of @number@ initial hits , @number@ studies of moderate methodological quality were eligible , including @number@ individuals with mgus vs. @number@ controls.
by reducing risk factors and with measures which induce neuroplasticity successful aging can be supported.
this article summarizes the current developments in preventing dementia by modification of life style factors.
the main focus lies on the impact of cognitive and physical activity on neuroprotection.
a promising approach combines both activities within a dance training program.
further studies that meet the demanding criteria of a randomized clinical trial are urgently needed.
during aging , oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells , with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia.
although the speed of recovery cannot be used for initial diagnosis , recovery speed provides a test of diagnostic criteria.
the aim of this study was to determine whether articles on delirium among medical inpatients proved sudden onset and rapid recovery.
methods : the literature was searched for studies with at least @number@ patients on medical or geriatric wards.
excluded were postoperative , critical care , and nursing home studies.
speed of onset was extracted as either the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis or between hospital admission and diagnosis of incident delirium.
mean or median days to recovery from delirium and the scale used to measure recovery were identified.
results : four-hundred and five articles were analyzed with @number@ patients.
the median article had @number@ patients.
onset could only be extracted in @number@ articles ( @percent@ ) : mean onset was @number@.09±2.38 days.
median onset was @number@ days , which conforms to conclusion : medical delirium articles have failed to establish rapid onset and rapid recovery.
a 49-year-old korean male patient with dementia was diagnosed with probable early-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
he presented with memory problems , personality changes , and disorientation.
his family history of dementia was probably negative , since no family member with dementia was found or mentioned.
subconjunctival fat prolapse is a rare clinical condition occurring typically spontaneously in elderly patients with a mean age of 65-72 years.
we describe subconjunctival prolapse of orbital fat as an uncommon clinical association of tao.
magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit indicated fat density in continuity with intraorbital fat in the area of protrusion.
it is a nonspecific sign developing most commonly among patients with a relatively advanced age at presentation.
the results consistently showed widespread and regionally variable nonlinear decreases in cortical volume and thickness and comparably smaller steady decreases in surface area.
further , the dominant contributor to cortical volume reductions during adolescence was thinning.
finally , complex regional and topological patterns of associations between changes in surface area and thickness were observed.
we sought to develop a frailty index in the physician's health study ( phs ) and estimate the association with mortality.
methods : prospective cohort study.
annual questionnaire assessed mood , function and health status.
two frailty scores were compared - cumulative deficit frailty index ( phs fi ) and modified study of osteoporotic fracture ( msof ) frailty score.
endpoints committee confirmed mortality.
results : @number@ male physicians ≥60 years were analyzed.
mean ( sd ) follow-up was 10 ( @number@ ) years , @number@ deaths occurred.
there was no difference in age-adjusted mortality rates in the frail group according to each definition ( @number@ vs 33 / 1000py ) .
survival analysis showed an increased risk of mortality in each frailty category using either definition , ( log-rank p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : the phs fi outperformed msof in identifying risk of death particularly in robust and pre-frail categories.
similar indices can be created in existing datasets to identify frail individuals and where appropriate account for frailty , an often unmeasured confounder.
among older adults , perceived age discrimination is highly associated with unhealthy outcomes and dissatisfaction.
the aim of the present study was to test to what extent perceived discrimination influences active aging.
first , active aging was defined as high reported health , life satisfaction and self-perception of aging.
finally , multiple group comparison performed through structural equation modelling also provided support for the negative association between perceived discrimination and active aging proposed.
working memory ( wm ) declines with age.
older adults , however , perform similar to younger adults in wm tasks with negative distractors at low wm load.
they also had greater coherence within the frontoparietal network , as well as greater deactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.
these patterns probably contributed to the older adults ' diminished distractibility by negative task-irrelevant stimuli.
since recruitment of control mechanisms was less required , the frontoparietal network was less activated and performance was improved.
replacement of dysfunctional mitochondria with functional exogenous mitochondria is proposed as a general principle to treat these diseases.
mitochondrial dysfunction and dna damage is intimately connected to ageing and neurodegeneration , including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
base excision repair ( ber ) is the major pathway for repairing oxidative damage events in chromosomal and mitochondrial dna.
defects in ber have been detected in ageing and neurodegeneration.
mitochondrial transcription factor a ( tfam ) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial dna integrity.
collectively , the results suggest an association between dna maintenance and decline in cognitive function.
these studies enlighten the normal brain aging process and point to potential new biomarkers for cognitive function and impairment.
objectives : toxicodynetics aims at defining the time-course of major clinical events in drug overdose.
we report the toxicodynetics in mono-intoxications with oxazepam and nordiazepam.
methods : cases of oxazepam or nordiazepam overdoses collected at the paris poison control centre from @number@ to @number@ on the basis of self-report.
a particular attention was paid to eliminate the concomitant alcohol or psychotropic co-ingestions.
the toxicodynetic parameters were assessed as previously described.
results are expressed using 10-90 percentiles.
in adults , the dose was normalized ( ti , toxic index ) by dividing the supposed ingested dose by the maximal recommended dose.
results : two hundred and fifty-one and @number@ cases of oxazepam and nordiazepam poisonings were included , respectively.
the emax for oxazepam and nordiazepam were sleepiness or obtundation in @number@ and @number@ cases , respectively.
coma was used to qualify only one oxazepam overdose.
the median delay in onset of the emax was @number@.5h ( @number@.33-15 ) in nordiazepam and 4h ( @date@ ) in oxazepam overdose.
in both overdoses , the onset of emax occurred on an \ "on-off \ " mode.
in adults , the greatest tis in nordiazepam and oxazepam overdoses were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the ti in the oxazepam-induced coma was @number@ the largest dose.
conclusion : data collected in pcc allow determining a number of toxicodynetic parameters.
toxicodynetics showed that nordiazepam is not a cause of coma even in large overdose while oxazepam causes coma only at a very high dose.
deep coma in nordiazepam overdose whatever the dose and deep coma in overdose with oxazepam involving ti less than @number@ result from unrecognized drug-drug interaction.
methods : a cross-sectional study of elderly people was conducted in garrucha ( almería ) in southern spain.
a total of @number@ participants ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) aged older than @number@ y.
the mini nutritional assessment test was used to detect nutritional risk.
quality of life was assessed using the euroqol-5d test.
however , almost @percent@ were at risk of malnutrition , especially women and participants over the age of @number@ y.
a significant negative association ( p < @number@ ) between the risk of malnutrition and index of quality of life was found.
conclusions : risk of malnutrition was common among community-dwelling older people.
participants who were malnourished or at high risk of malnutrition also had a lower rate of quality of life and greater loss of personal autonomy.
introduction and objectives : the current and upcoming demographic change in industrial countries is a challenge for our society , economically as well as socially.
the results are summarized according to the multidimensional approach of quality of life considering the bio-psycho-social model of health.
the project outcomes of current initiatives are consolidated and recommendations for future research in the field of active and assisted living were issued.
results : current research efforts show that assistive information and communication technologies can successfully contribute to all dimensions of elderly's quality of life.
as example technologies can empower them to control their health problems , compensate functional disabilities and increase their safety.
otherwise , remote-communication could lead to reduced face-to-face communication and social exclusion.
objectives : understanding and managing the process of aging is a central issue in modern society.
educational programs are described for elderly patients and for the health care professionals who serve them.
design : observational study with longitudinal and cross-sectional components.
main outcome measures : participation in activities and qol.
tumor registry records were used to identify patients and obtain clinical data ; surveys assessed participation and qol.
using general linear models , we analyzed participation in activities in relation to type of surgery and bowel function after adjustment for potential confounders.
we analyzed overall qol relative to participation in activities after adjustment.
results : a total of @number@ rectal cancer survivors completed a mailed questionnaire.
overall response rate was @percent@.
we recommend revising qol instruments used in cancer care and research to include questions about participation in activities.
interventions should address maintenance of preferred activities and adoption of new , fulfilling activities.
here , we assessed vinyl sulfone small molecule peptide caspase inhibitors for potential use in vivo.
background : chronic pain affects nursing home residents ' daily life.
pain assessment is central to adequate pain management.
the overall aim was to investigate effects of a pain management intervention on nursing homes residents and to describe staffs ' experiences of the intervention.
methods : a cluster-randomized trial and a mixed-methods approach.
randomized nursing home assignment to intervention or comparison group.
no measures were taken in the comparison group ; pain management continued as before , but after the study corresponding training was provided.
resident data were collected baseline and at two follow-ups using validated scales and record reviews.
nurse group interviews were carried out twice.
primary outcome measures were wellbeing and proxy-measured pain.
secondary outcome measures were adl-dependency and pain documentation.
no significant changes in the use of drugs was found in any of the groups.
nursing pain related documentation was sparse.
in general , nurses from the outset were positive regarding pain assessments.
persisting positive attitudes seemed strengthened by continued assessment experiences and perceptions of improved pain management.
however , pain ( proxy-measured ) and wellbeing level did not reveal any interaction effects between the groups over time.
trial registration : the study was registered in isrctn71142240 in @date@ , retrospectively registered.
the ability to walk independently contributes to the mobility , but is increasingly restricted by numerous diseases that impair gait and balance.
the walkway assessed the risk of falling associated gait parameters velocity , swing time , stride length , stride time- and double support time variability.
inertial sensor-equipped shoes measured heel strike and toe off angles , and foot clearance.
first-time users ( ftus ) showed similar gait parameter improvement patterns as frequent ww users ( fus ) .
however , fus with higher levels of gait impairment improved more in velocity , stride length and toe off angle compared to the ftus.
conclusion : the impact of a ww can be quantified objectively by instrumented gait assessment.
thus , objective gait parameters may serve as surrogate markers for the use of walking aids in patients with gait and balance impairments.
background : childhood trauma is associated with increased vulnerability to mental and somatic disorders later in life.
epigenetic modifications such as dna methylation are one potential mechanism through which such long-lasting impairments / consequences can be explained.
the aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood trauma is associated with long-term dna methylation alterations in old age.
they were annotated among others to genes involved in neuronal projections and neuronal development.
some of the identified genes with differential methylation ( dlg associated protein @number@ mechanistic target of rapamycin ) have previously been associated with traumatic stress.
conclusions : the results indicate specific epigenetic alterations in elderly individuals who were subjected to childhood adversities.
psychiatric and somatic comorbidities as well as differences in buccal epithelial cells proportion may contribute to the observed epigenetic differences.
taken together , our findings suggest that targeting bis or hsf1 could be a viable therapeutic strategy for gscs resistant to conventional tmz treatment.
importance : most cognitive functions decline with age.
prior studies suggest that testosterone treatment may improve these functions.
the cognitive function trial evaluated cognitive function in all ttrials participants.
a subgroup of @number@ men met criteria for aami based on baseline subjective memory complaints and objective memory performance.
enrollment in the ttrials began @date@ ; the final participant completed treatment and assessment in @date@ .
interventions : testosterone gel ( adjusted to maintain the testosterone level within the normal range for young men ) or placebo gel for @number@ year.
tests were administered at baseline , @number@ months , and @number@ months.
of these groups , @number@ men in the testosterone group and @number@ men in the placebo completed the memory study.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00799617.
importance : recent studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether testosterone treatment increases cardiovascular risk.
objective : to test the hypothesis that testosterone treatment of older men with low testosterone slows progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque volume.
design , setting , and participants : double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial at @number@ academic medical centers in the united states.
main outcomes and measures : the primary outcome was noncalcified coronary artery plaque volume , as determined by coronary computed tomographic angiography.
among the @number@ men , the mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years , and @percent@ were white.
at baseline , @number@ men ( @percent@ ) had a coronary artery calcification score higher than @number@ agatston units , reflecting severe atherosclerosis.
no major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in either group.
larger studies are needed to understand the clinical implications of this finding.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00799617.
the lens absorption of each subject was also estimated using a heterochromatic flicker photometry ( hfp ) paradigm.
all the retinal areas examined demonstrated similar aging effects.
the extramacular and temporal retina showed higher response amplitude and faster response latency when compared with the macular and nasal retinae , respectively.
no difference was found in response amplitude and latency between the inferior and superior retina.
the hfp results also showed a significant correlation with age , consistent with senescent increases in short wavelength absorption by the crystalline lens.
however , the change in lens absorption did not exceed the magnitude of the change in response amplitude and latency.
discussion : our results indicate that there is a decline in dark-adapted retinal activity as measured with the mferg.
these aging processes affect rods and rod-bipolar cells.
their decrease in response can be attributed to both optical and neural factors.
importance : in one-third of older men with anemia , no recognized cause can be found.
of @number@ participants , @number@ were anemic ( hemoglobin ≤12.7 g / dl ) , @number@ of whom had no known cause.
the trial was conducted in @number@ academic medical centers in the united states from @date@ to @date@ .
interventions : testosterone gel , the dose adjusted to maintain the testosterone levels normal for young men , or placebo gel for @number@ months.
the statistical analysis was intent-to-treat by a logistic mixed effects model adjusted for balancing factors.
testosterone treatment resulted in a hemoglobin concentration of more than @number@ g / dl in @number@ men who had not been anemic at baseline.
measurement of testosterone levels might be considered in men @number@ years or older who have unexplained anemia and symptoms of low testosterone levels.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00799617.
objective : to determine whether testosterone treatment of older men with low testosterone increases volumetric bmd ( vbmd ) and estimated bone strength.
the analysis was a modified intent-to-treat comparison of treatment groups by multivariable linear regression adjusted for balancing factors as required by minimization.
interventions : testosterone gel , adjusted to maintain the testosterone level within the normal range for young men , or placebo gel for @number@ year.
main outcomes and measures : spine and hip vbmd was determined by quantitative computed tomography at baseline and @number@ months.
bone strength was estimated by finite element analysis of quantitative computed tomography data.
areal bmd was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and @number@ months.
the estimated strength increases were greater in trabecular than peripheral bone and greater in the spine than hip.
testosterone treatment increased spine areal bmd but less than vbmd.
a larger , longer trial could determine whether this treatment also reduces fracture risk.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00799617.
data sources : genomewide association studies ( gwas ) published up to @date@ .
of @number@ gwas of noncommunicable diseases identified , summary data from @number@ were available.
increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers.
associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division.
objectives : to determine whether statin use alters response of 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) level to vitamin d treatment.
design : pooled analysis.
adults older than @number@ years comprised only @percent@ of the us population in @number@ however , they accounted up to @percent@ of all icu admissions.
as this population grows , the number of icu admissions is expected to increase.
one of the most common procedures for hospitalized adults @number@ years and older is mechanical ventilation.
an integrative review methodology was applied to analyze and synthesize primary research reports.
age , in and of itself , is not a predictor of weaning from mechanical ventilation.
more studies are needed to describe the influences affecting weaning older adults from mechanical ventilation.
however , how these cellular events are orchestrated in the aging progress is not fully understood.
in bone marrow mscs , foxp1 expression levels declined with age in an inverse manner with those of the senescence marker p16ink4a.
loss of p16ink4a in foxp1-deficient mscs partially rescued the defects in replication capacity and bone mass accrual.
promoter occupancy analyses revealed that foxp1 directly represses transcription of p16ink4a.
these results indicate that foxp1 attenuates msc senescence by orchestrating their cell-fate switch while maintaining their replicative capacity in a dose- and age-dependent manner.
the accumulation of os causes damage to lipids , proteins and dna in the placental tissue that induces a form of accelerated ageing.
this review summarizes the literature regarding the role of os and premature placental ageing in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications.
what is the central question of this study ?
this elevated complexity complicates the acquisition of relevant information regarding aerobic system dynamics based on pv̇o2 data during a varying exercise stimulus.
what is the main finding and its importance ?
the elevated complexity of pv̇o2 dynamics is a consequence of a multiple-order interaction between muscle oxygen uptake and circulatory distortion.
our findings challenge the use of a first-order function to study the influences of the oxygen delivery-utilization balance over the pv̇o2 dynamics.
the assumption of aerobic system linearity implies that the pulmonary oxygen uptake ( pv̇o2 ) dynamics during exercise transitions present a first-order characteristic.
the main objective of this study was to test the linearity of the oxygen delivery-utilization balance during random moderate exercise.
our aim was to determine the degree to which genetic and environmental variation in subcortical md is distinct from variation in subcortical volume.
based on bivariate twin modeling , variation in subcortical md appears to be both genetically and environmentally unrelated to individual differences in subcortical volume.
therefore , subcortical md may be an alternative biomarker of brain morphology for complex traits worthy of future investigation.
hum brain mapp 38 : 2589-2598 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
protein molecular aging corresponds to all modifications affecting proteins during their biological life , which lead to the alteration of their structural and functional properties.
this phenomenon participates in cell and tissue aging and is therefore involved in the aging of human organism.
a general scheme explaining its role in physiopathology is also proposed.
aim : β2-microglobulin ( β2m ) was proved to affect hippocampal functions in mice.
materials & methods : seventy-one patients undergoing aortic valve replacement were analyzed in prospective observational study.
kidney biomarkers and mini mental state examinations ( mmses ) were performed before procedure , at discharge and after @number@ months.
after @number@ months , mmse improvement was associated with a significant decrease in β2m ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : these are the first in man data demonstrating relation between changes in cognition and β2m.
the phenomenon was reversible which indicates its therapeutic potential.
the causative link between ambient wood particle constituents and observed adverse health effects is currently lacking.
here we investigate the relationship between chemical properties of primary and atmospherically aged wood combustion particles and acute toxicity in human airway epithelial cells.
emissions from a log wood burner were diluted and injected into a smog chamber for photochemical aging.
cell responses were assessed at @number@ hours after aerosol exposure.
atmospherically relevant doses of wood combustion particles significantly increased cell death in all but the asthma cell model.
expression of oxidative stress markers increased in hbe from all donors.
increased cell death and inflammatory responses could not be assigned to a single chemical fraction of the particles.
exposure to primary and aged wood combustion particles caused adverse effects to airway epithelia , apparently induced by several interacting components.
introduction : the apoe e4 allele has been linked to poorer cognitive aging and enhanced dementia risk.
results : in e4 carriers only , subsequently remembered words were linked to increased hippocampal activity.
across all participants , increased pupil diameter differentiated subsequently remembered from forgotten words , and neural activity covaried with pupil diameter in cuneus and precuneus.
these effects were weaker in e4 carriers , and e4 carriers did not show greater pupil diameter to remembered words.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is considered a clinical stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia.
the clinical course of mci is heterogeneous , with a significant number of cases progressing to dementia or reverting back to normal.
objective : to determine the predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia among mexican older adults.
materials and methods : a sample of @number@ persons underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluation to establish mild cognitive impairment diagnosis.
these patients were followed-up for a mean @number@ years.
sixty-one percent of mild cognitive impairment participants progressed to dementia.
conclusions : age , poor education , cognitive decline , and a history of stroke were predictors of conversion to dementia.
the identification and control of modifiable risk factors could influence conversion to dementia.
hiv chronicity has resulted in increased life expectancy for many african american women who acquired the disease during the epidemic's peak years.
as these women live longer and age , their social support needs may increase.
participants were recruited from the longitudinal women's interagency hiv study ( wihs ) participant pool.
a constant comparison approach was applied during data analysis.
participants reported needing increased social support , especially emotional support from health care providers , family , and hiv-positive peers.
the importance of providers and hiv-positive peers was discussed most frequently relative to meeting these needs.
this study aimed to explore the effect of various cell phone functions on postural control and mobility in the elderly.
twenty healthy older ( mean age @number@.5±2.9 ) and twenty young ( @number@.3±2.8 ) adults participated in this study.
mobility was assessed by the timed up and go test ( tugt ) .
methods : literature review , consensus meetings , and a retrospective chart review of patients with probable ad were conducted.
results : literature review showed that rcd definitions varied.
rapid and slow decliners had similar age , gender , and education levels at baseline.
discussion : rcd is sufficiently common to interfere with randomized clinical trials.
we propose a 6-month prerandomization determination of the decline rate or use of an rcd risk score to ensure balanced allocation among treatment groups.
utility and validity of these reference labels is demonstrated in a simple atlas-based morphometry approach for automated calculation of harp-compliant hippocampal volumes within spm software.
results : individual tracings showed very high agreement among the four expert tracers ( pairwise jaccard indices @number@.82-0.87 ) .
endothelial cells ( ecs ) provide angiocrine factors orchestrating tumor progression.
ec n1icd expression in melanoma correlated with shorter progression-free survival.
sustained n1icd activity induced ec senescence , expression of chemokines and the adhesion molecule vcam1.
this promoted neutrophil infiltration , tumor cell ( tc ) adhesion to the endothelium , intravasation , lung colonization , and postsurgical metastasis.
thus , sustained vascular notch signaling facilitates metastasis by generating a senescent , pro-inflammatory endothelium.
background : malnutrition and frailty are two geriatric syndromes that significantly affect independent living and health in community-dwelling older adults.
methods : a systematic review was performed resulting in a selection of @number@ studies that assessed both malnutrition and frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
results : in the systematic review , @number@ of the @number@ studies used the mini-nutritional assessment ( long or short form ) for malnutrition screening.
for frailty assessment , @number@ of the @number@ studies focused on the physical frailty phenotype , of which @number@ followed the original fried phenotype.
fifteen studies analyzed the association between malnutrition and frailty , which was significant in @number@ of these.
the meta-analysis included @number@ studies with a total of @number@ older adults.
the prevalence of malnutrition was significantly associated with the prevalence of physical frailty ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that malnutrition and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults are related , but not interchangeable geriatric syndromes.
two out of @number@ malnourished older adults were physically frail , whereas close to @percent@ of the physically frail older adults was identified as malnourished.
backgrounds : in non-critical hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus , guidelines suggest subcutaneous insulin therapy with basal-bolus regimen , even in old and vulnerable inpatients.
methods : retrospective , observational study.
patients admitted to geriatric clinic of padua were studied.
results : mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
@percent@ patients experienced mild hypoglycaemia , and no severe hypoglycaemia was reported.
the median number of bg per patients in target range increased from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the daily mean bg decreased from @time@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ mmol / l ( @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
the mean number of calls to physicians per patient decreased from @number@ to @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : treatment with gestio protocol allows a safe and effective treatment even in very old and vulnerable inpatients with a faster management insulin therapy.
one particular measure utilized by rehabilitative professionals in evaluating functional declines in older persons is sit-to-stand ( sts ) capacity.
the purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of activation intensity requirements of the thigh musculature in limiting a multi-joint sts endurance task.
qf %mvic was the sole predictor of total sts task times , as those who required the highest quadriceps efforts had the shortest task times.
moreover , older adult participants had significantly higher starting qf %mvic as well as shorter task times.
background drug interactions ( dis ) are a significant cause of medication-related problems.
the aging population , high chronic diseases prevalence and polypharmacy are closely associated factors.
methods relevant studies on di prevalence in this population were reviewed in pubmed , cochrane library and embase ( @date@ - @date@ ) .
results the search generated @number@ articles and @number@ duplicates were discarded.
after reviewing , @number@ articles were included.
seven studies were observational and @number@ were quasi-experimental.
seven out of @number@ used interaction databases.
only @number@ studies described both actual and potential dis.
the prevalence of multimorbidity patients with di ranged from @number@ to @percent@ and the number of dis per @number@ patients was from @number@ to @number@
all the lower values correspond to the study conducted at the nursing home.
this could be due to special care offered in these centres , where the medication is more controlled.
the most frequent dis were reported in five articles.
however , these results could not be correlated since they were ranked using different methodologies.
aceis , diuretics and nsaid were the most common therapeutic groups.
finally , @number@ studies identified factors associated with the presence of potential dis.
the number of drugs and age were the most significant factors.
conclusions there is little evidence of prevalence of actual and potential dis in elderly patients with multimorbidity in outpatient settings , showing widely heterogeneous results.
the past decade has seen outstanding scientific progress in the field of stem cell ( sc ) research and clinical application.
the use of ipss , however tantalizing , poses serious safety concerns because of their genomic instability.
recently , it has been suggested that the main mechanism of sc action relies on paracrine signals.
therefore , the secretome would be primarily responsible for sc effects.
the therapeutical use of secretome is safer and more reliable and offers manufacturing , handling and transportation advantages.
many biological aspects concerning dose , time and site of administration are still to be elucidated.
persons living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) harbor an increased risk of age-related conditions.
absolute telomere length measurements were performed using polymerase chain reaction methods.
methylation profiles were obtained using the illumina human methylation450 platform.
methylation aging was assessed using the horvath method.
methylation aging as measured by the age acceleration residual increased over the time course of hiv infection ( p = 0.035 ) .
cpg sites corresponding to lung diseases impose a huge economic and health burden worldwide.
currently , there are few effective treatments available for these diseases and their incidence is rising.
the planar cell polarity ( pcp ) pathway is critical for the embryonic development of many organs , including kidney and lung.
here , we investigate heterozygous with rapid aging , many of the elderly suffer from poverty and high healthcare needs.
in korea , there is a means-tested and non-contributory public assistance , the national basic livelihood security system ( nblss ) .
this study used the korea welfare panel study data 2005-2014 with the final sample of @number@ who were @number@ years and older.
the participants were divided into people with mild disability , severe disability , and without disability according to the korean disability registration system.
we performed generalized estimating equations population-averaged model using the ten years of panel data.
this study shows that the low-income elderly with disability but without adequate social protection are the most disadvantaged group.
policy is called for to mitigate the difficulties of this vulnerable population.
background : the pleckstrin and sec7 domain-containing @number@ ( psd3 ) gene has been linked to immune diseases.
a replication study of obesity was conducted using the health aging and body composition ( health abc ) sample.
these findings add important new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity , t2d and hdl cholesterol.
an infection control team ( ict ) is responsible for management of health care-associated infections at our institution.
pathogenic bacteria and treatment in these cases were reviewed.
the detection rate of causative bacteria in ict consultation was @percent@ ( @number@ out of @number@ patients ) .
discussion : all cases of ssi with instrumentation involved were cured by ict support without removal of instrumentation.
early assistance from the ict was important for prevention of worsening of methicillin-resistant s aureus infection.
conclusions : collaboration with the ict was helpful for detection of pathogenic bacteria and allowed appropriate use of antibiotics at an early stage.
failures of selective attention may contribute to older adults ' context memory impairments.
both groups showed greater memory for attended than unattended contextual features.
however , older adults showed evidence of hyper-binding between attended and unattended context features while the young adults did not.
by contrast , sustained beta desynchronization , indicative of sensory reactivation and episodic reconstruction , was correlated with contextual memory performance for older adults only.
uv radiation decreases type i procollagen production mainly by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β / smad signaling pathway.
anacardic acid , a p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor , rescued the uv-induced decrease of type i procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
this effect was reversed by anacardic acid treatment.
moreover , many investigations have found no significant differences in latencies with advancing age.
objective : to determine if there are significant differences in the latencies of cervical and ocular evoked myogenic potentials between elderly and adult patients.
results : the n1 ovemp latencies had a mean delay in the elderly of @number@.32ms with @percent@ ci of @number@.55-4.10ms.
the overall effect test showed p = 0.01 , disclosing that such difference was significant.
governments have an enormous economic and political stake in the health of their populations.
autophagy is a dynamic pathway involving the formation of a membrane surrounding and enclosing cargoes that are delivered to lysosomal compartments for degradation.
cargoes can include large protein aggregates , organelles , or even pathogens.
traditionally , autophagy assessment relies on the measurement of lc3-ii protein levels or the visualization of lc3-positive puncta.
key methodological details to succeed in the use of this reporter are provided.
objective : to determine the association between hypertension at age @number@ years , treatment , and 5-year mortality.
design : a prospective observational study of a representative community-dwelling birth cohort ( born 1920-1921 ) by the jerusalem longitudinal study ( 1990-2015 ) .
setting : home-assessment.
participants : @number@ subjects aged @number@ examined 2010-2011.
tx-htn had higher rates of low education , depression , low physical activity , chronic heart failure , ischemic heart disease , chronic kidney disease.
findings were consistent in subsets according to adl status , grip strength , and comorbidity.
hazard ratios ( hr ) for incident diabetes were calculated using cox proportional hazard models , adjusting for relevant confounders.
no evidence was found that stronger social relations reduce the association between depressive symptoms and incident t2dm.
lbd , but not vbi , was positively associated with adnc in both studies.
high prevalence of co-occurring neuropathologies among older adults with dementia has implications for accurate diagnosis of dementia etiologies and development of disease-modifying strategies.
background : mono- and polysensitization are different ige-mediated allergic phenotypes in children.
aim : the aim of this study was to assess how the allergic sensitization pattern associates with asthma , rhinitis and their multimorbidity.
mono- and polysensitization were defined by a positive skin prick test to one or more than one allergen respectively.
results : asymptomatic participants and those with non-allergic rhinitis alone were mostly non-sensitized ( around @percent@ ) while around @percent@ were polysensitized.
@percent@ of the participants with asthma + allergic rhinitis were polysensitized.
the level of total ige followed a similar trend to that of allergic sensitization.
eosinophils were increased in asthma , especially when associated with rhinitis.
nasal symptoms were more severe and eczema more common in participants with both asthma and allergic rhinitis than in the other groups.
conclusions : allergic sensitization and particularly polysensitization rates widely differ according to asthma and rhinitis status.
this study emphasized the importance of taking into account multimorbidity between asthma and rhinitis and showed that allergic sensitization is not a dichotomic variable.
design : a cross-sectional study of outpatients at the memory disorder outpatient center of japan's national center of geriatrics and gerontology.
multiple regression analysis was also used to investigate the correlation between these covariates and physical function tests results.
however , tug was significantly worse only in the moderate ad group compared with the nc , amci , and mild ad group.
conclusion : postural impairment and instability on tg was seen in earlier ad stages compared with instability on tug.
as were the covariates of age and sex , senior activity frequency was significantly related to @number@ or more physical function tests.
methods : pros-it cnr is an observational , prospective , multicenter study.
the national research council ( cnr ) , neuroscience institute , aging branch ( padua ) is the promoting center.
ninety-seven italian centers located throughout italy were involved.
the field study began in @date@ .
subjects eligible were diagnosed with biopsy-verified prostate cancer , naïve.
a sample size of @number@ patients was contemplated.
a third assessment , evaluating the treatment follow-up and the quality of life , will be made @number@ months after the initial diagnosis.
interstate migration in the united states has decreased steadily since the 1980s , but little is known about the causes of this decline.
we show that declining migration is related to a concurrent secular decline in job changing.
neither trend is primarily due to observable demographic or socioeconomic factors.
rather , we argue that the decline in job changing has caused the decline in migration.
thus , the reasons for these dual trends remain opaque and should be explored further.
none : low bone mineral density ( bmd ) and osteoporosis have become a public health problem.
we found that non-hispanic white , black , and asian adults with extremely low education and personal income are more likely to have lower bmd.
this relationship is gender-specific.
these findings are valuable to guide bone health interventions.
this study explored and examined the relationship between ses and bmd by race / ethnicity and gender.
adjustments were made for physiological and behavioral factors.
conclusions : establishing a conclusive positive or negative association between bmd and ses proved to be difficult.
however , individuals who are at an extreme ses disadvantage are the most vulnerable to have relatively low bmd in the study population.
efforts to promote bone health may benefit from focusing on men with low education levels and women with low individual income.
aims : few data regarding prevalence of and risk factors for poor bone health in aging individuals with long-standing t1d are available.
a significant relationship was found between lower bmd and higher total cholesterol , triglycerides and ldl levels , but not hba1c.
no other diabetic vascular complication was found to be associated with low bmd.
conclusions : these are the first data regarding bone health in aging individuals who have had diabetes for @number@ or more years.
additionally , the association with cardiovascular disease demonstrates the bmd differences in groups are likely not due to glycemic control alone.
under these conditions , balance parameters are altered in both young and elderly individuals.
ten young subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and ten subjects aged over @number@ years ( @number@ ± @number@ ) participated in the study.
spatiotemporal and balance parameters were quantified during eight consecutive gait cycles using a motion analysis system and an instrumented treadmill.
this warning effect was not observed in the older participant group analyses but was found for three participants based on individual data analyses.
the warning effect in younger participants was not specific to impending perturbation conditions.
a psychological threat affects gait and balance similarly to a physical threat among young participants but not among most older participants.
we examined distributions of carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in a socioeconomically diverse , biracial , urban sample.
these findings suggest that male sex , low ses , and african american ancestry may represent imprecise generalizations as risk factors for subclinical cardiovascular disease.
however , the mechanisms linking cardiovascular dysfunction with the core behavioral features of mood disorder remain poorly understood.
results : individuals with bvftd , eoad or rtftd laughed less across both contexts of self and partner than the other groups.
those with bvftd laughed less relative to their own speech comparedwith healthy controls.
those with nfvppa laughed more in the partner context compared with healthy controls.
conclusions : laughter in response to one's own vocalisations or those of a conversational partner may be a clinically useful measure in dementia diagnosis.
toxoplasma gondii ( t. gondii ) seropositivity may be associated with decreased memory in older adults.
in the seropositive-only sample , there was an inverse relationship between anti-t. gondii titer and performance on the selective reminding test.
a purpose-built longitudinal automatic method was used to segment wmh using constraints derived from an atlas-based model selection applied to a time-averaged image.
linear mixed models were used to evaluate the differences in rate of change across diagnosis and genetic groups.
we determined the relationships between these biomarkers , the csf ad biomarkers concentrations , and the clinical sleep profile.
csf orexin-a but not ha / t-mha levels were higher in mci and ad than ond and controls.
we find that female consumers show high acceptance for some functional dairy products , such as yogurt enriched with calcium , fiber and probiotics.
acceptance for functional dairy products increases among consumers with higher diet / health related knowledge , as well as with aging.
general interest in health , food-neophobia and perceived self-efficacy seem also to contribute shaping the acceptance for functional dairy products.
furthermore , products with \ "natural \ " matches between carriers and ingredients have the highest level of acceptance among consumers.
branched-chain amino acids ( bcaas ) are important nutrient signals that have direct and indirect effects.
bcaa catabolism is a conserved regulator of physiological aging and participates in diverse physiological and pathological processes , including carcinoma development.
the roles of bcaa catabolism in human breast cancer remains unknown.
here we provide evidence that bcaa catabolism is involved in human breast cancer.
knockdown of bcat1 represses the growth rate and colony formation capacity of breast cancer cells , opposing results are observed when bcat1 is overexpressed.
bcat1 can promote mitochondrial biogenesis , atp production and repress mitochondrial ros in breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of related genes.
interview transcripts were coded and analyzed to identify key themes.
results : stakeholders acknowledged teen pregnancy as an issue but lacked contextual information.
they also perceived the community as ready to address the issue and recognized some organizations already championing efforts.
however , many key players were not involved , and ongoing data collection to assess teen pregnancy and prevention efforts was limited.
though many stakeholders were ready to engage in teen pregnancy prevention efforts , they required additional information and training to appropriately address the issue.
thus , to successfully implement community-wide prevention efforts , it is valuable to assess the level of community readiness to address health issues.
it is appropriate to engage stakeholders from these populations in new governance arrangements.
we asked for stakeholders to provide input on governance of large biorepositories at the university of california ( uc ) , a public university.
in la , we recruited english and spanish speakers ; in sf the dce was conducted in english only.
we recruited individuals who had completed the @number@ california health interview survey and were willing to be re-contacted for future studies.
each dce included discussion among deliberants facilitated by a trained staff and simultaneously-translated in la.
deliberants also received a briefing book describing biorepository operations and regulation.
during the final day of the dce , deliberants voted on governance and oversight recommendations using an audience response system.
this project demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining meaningful input on biorepository governance from diverse lay stakeholders.
such input should be considered as research institutions respond to changes in biorepository regulation.
the 6-minute walk distance ( 6mwd ) test for functional capacity assessment , may be time-consuming and burdensome.
participants wore wireless sensors on forearm and upper-arm and performed rapid elbow flexion for @number@ seconds ( the uef test ) .
cerebrovascular health is important for maintaining a high level of cognitive performance , not only in old age , but also throughout the lifespan.
these methodological improvements represent a 5-fold increase in recording time and a 4-fold increase in coverage compared to the initial study.
pulse amplitude and pulse pressure were shown to correlate with age across the broader age range.
we also found correlations between arterial health and both cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes.
additionally , we replicated the correlations between arterial compliance and age , ecrf , global brain atrophy , and cognitive flexibility.
further , greater arterial compliance in frontoparietal regions was associated with younger age and higher ecrf.
these associations were not present in the visual cortex.
however , epa has not yet provided specific guidance on how to use these age-dependent factors.
human organs obviously have color , but the underlying biologic processes that dictate the specific colors of organs and tissues are not completely understood.
a literature search on the determinants of color in human organs yielded scant information.
yellow-orange carotenes that deposit in lipid-rich tissues are only produced by plants and are acquired from the diet.
neoplastic tissues usually retain the color of their nonneoplastic counterpart.
biologic pigments have antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and should be considered as potential future therapies for disease and cancer.
the eye lens crystallins represent an ideal target for studying the effects of aging on protein structure.
herein we examine separately the water-soluble ( ws ) and water-insoluble ( wi ) crystallin fractions and identify sites of isomerization and epimerization.
both collision-induced dissociation and radical-directed dissociation are needed for detection of these non-mass-shifting post-translational modifications.
isomerization levels differ significantly between the ws and the wi fractions from sheep , pig , and cow eye lenses.
residues that are most susceptible to isomerization are identified site-specifically and are found to reside in structurally disordered regions.
however , isomerization in structured domains , although less common , often yields more dramatic effects on solubility.
numerous isomerization hotspots were also identified and occur in regions with aspartic acid and serine repeats.
we aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of af in korea between @number@ and @number@
af was identified by using diagnostic codes.
results : during an 8-year period representing @number@ person-years of follow-up , @number@ individuals were newly diagnosed with af.
the incidence of af increased to > 1.12-fold as follows : from @time@ @time@ @number@ person-years ( p < 0.001 ) .
the incidence and prevalence of af increased with advancing age.
the median age of the af patients increased from @number@ to 71years ( p < 0.001 ) .
the prevalence of diabetes and heart failure in af subjects increased ( p < 0.001 ) .
the percentage of patients with a cha conclusion : the incidence and prevalence of af gradually increased from @number@ to @number@
these findings may provide a framework to understand the actual disease burden and establish the optimal management strategy for af.
objective : a patient's risk for anticholinergic adverse effects is frequently estimated by instruments evaluating the drugs included in his medication profile.
it remains unknown , however , which characteristics should be included in such an assessment instrument aiming to reliably predict adverse anticholinergic outcomes.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : esther cohort ( germany ) .
participants : home-dwelling participants ( n = @number@ ) aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
measurements : the association between anticholinergic load calculated with nine different instruments and four anticholinergic adverse outcomes was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses.
in the multivariate analysis , only two instruments indicated a significant association between anticholinergic load and all four outcomes.
to achieve this , we used a subset of our sample , for which tl data was available , to identify a suitable instrumental variable.
limitations : limitations include a relatively small sample of early-onset cases , and the fact that age-of-onset was ascertained by retrospective recall.
genetic predisposition to advanced biological ageing may be one factor driving previously reported associations ( or lack of associations ) between shorter tl and mdd.
future studies should attempt to replicate our findings in a larger cohort.
background : the imperative action of the geriatric medicine is to prevent disability in older persons.
sarcopenia and cognitive decline could , therefore , produce slow gait velocity in older persons , with devastating effect and consequences.
perhaps the most notorious corollary is falling , which is often caused by an underlying gait problem.
injuries caused by accidental falls range from relatively innocent bruises to major fractures or head trauma.
another important consequence is reduced mobility , which leads to loss of independence.
this immobility is often compounded by a fear of falling , which further immobilises patients and affects their quality of life and physical performance.
methods : a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed.
we enrolled @number@ elderly subjects ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years.
analysis of variance and a multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusting for covariates were used to assess the differences between groups.
results : the prevalence of ( s ) was @time@ % in women and @time@ % in men.
( so ) was @percent@ in women and @time@ % in men.
data showed that either groups had a functional impairment ( barthel index < @number@ points ) .
ferritin level over the range ( > 145 mcg / dl ) was detected in either cohort ( due to inflammation ) .
( so ) had glycemia ( > 110 mg / dl ) .
conclusions : ( s ) subjects appears more vulnerable than ( so ) .
sarcopenia is closely linked to an increase in the risk of hip-femur fractures , inflammation , edema , and malnutrition.
the ( so ) subjects seem to benefit from the \ "obesity paradox. \ "
multiple somatic gene therapy approaches are being developed for lhon which are applicable to other mtdna diseases.
such lhon lessons are actively being applied to common ophthalmological diseases like glaucoma and neurological diseases like parkinsonism.
the steadily increasing obesity epidemic affects currently @percent@ of western populations and is causative for numerous disorders.
here , we report on data that specifically address macrophage biology / physiology in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
purpose : myeloproliferative neoplasms ( mpn ) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells.
mutation of janus-kinase @number@ ( jak2 ) is the most frequent genetic event detected in philadelphia-negative mpn.
in advanced phases , the clinical hallmark of the disease is a striking inflammatory syndrome.
so far , the cellular and molecular basis of inflammation is not fully understood.
we , therefore , sought to investigate the relationship of activating jak2 mutation and aberrant cytokine expression in mpn.
methods : cytokine array was performed to identify jak2v617f-related cytokine expression and secretion.
cxcl10 mrna expression was analyzed by qpcr in peripheral blood cells.
to exclude paracrine / autocrine stimulation as a potential mechanism , we generated ba / f3-epor-jak2wt or epor-jak2v617f cells lacking cxcl10 receptor.
pharmacologic inhibition of jak2 kinase was achieved by jak-inhibitor treatment.
signaling pathways and downstream effectors were characterized by western blotting , immunofluorescence microscopy , luciferase reporter assays , qpcr , and studies.
results : we identified cxcl10 as the most highly induced cytokine in jak2-mutated cell lines.
in mpn patients , cxcl10 is highly expressed in jak2v617f but not jak2wt mpn or healthy donor controls.
moreover , cxcl10 expression correlates with jak2v617f allelic burden.
high cxcl10 correlates with the presence of clinical risk factors but not with clinical symptoms and quality of life.
pharmacologic inhibition of mutated jak2 kinase inhibits cxcl10 expression.
nfκb signaling is activated downstream of jak2v617f receptor and directly induces cxcl10 expression.
conclusions : our data provide first evidence for a link between oncogenic jak2v617f signaling and cell intrinsic induction of cxcl10 induced by activated nfkb signaling.
introduction : this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of complications in elderly patients with a hip fracture following integrated orthogeriatric treatment.
data registration was carried out using the clinical pathways of the cvgt database.
multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for a complicated course.
conclusions : after integrated orthogeriatric treatment , a complicated course was seen in @percent@ of the patients with a hip fracture.
the in-hospital mortality rate was @percent@.
important risk factors for a complicated course were increasing age , poor medical condition and delirium risk vms frailty score.
awareness of risk factors that affect the course during admission can be useful in optimizing care and outcomes.
the sequence of events that lead to inflammation and fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) is incompletely understood.
hence , we investigated the chronology of whole body , tissue , and cellular events that occur during the evolution of diet-induced nash.
the majority of dpgs were differentially regulated by age and / or car activation.
thirty-six dpgs were commonly upregulated by car activation regardless of age or species of car.
western blotting and enzyme activity assays confirmed the age and species specificities of selected car-targeted dpgs.
this requires the urgent for the development of effective therapies , and of tools for early diagnosis of the disease.
however , our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pd pathogenesis is still incomplete , hampering progress in those areas.
in recent years , the progression made in genetics has considerably contributed to our knowledge , by identifying several novel pd genes.
furthermore , many cellular and animal models have proven their value to decipher pathways involved in pd development.
in this review we highlight the value of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for pd.
formyl peptide receptor @number@ ( fpr1 ) is an emerging therapeutic target for the discovery of drugs to treat neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
however , development of fpr1 antagonists for clinical use is still inadequate.
hch6-1 inhibited superoxide anion generation , elastase release , and chemotaxis in human neutrophils specifically activated by ( fmlf ) , an fpr1 agonist.
hch6-1 produced right shifts in the concentration-response curves of fmlf , suggesting that hch6-1 was a competitive antagonist of fpr1.
indeed , hch6-1 bound to fpr1 in human neutrophils and neutrophil-like thp-1 as well as hfpr1-transfected hek293 cells.
also , the fpr1 downstream signaling pathways were competitively inhibited by hch6-1.
furthermore , hch6-1 prevented pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and edema along with alveolar damage in lps-induced ali in mice.
our findings suggest that hch6-1 , a fpr1 antagonist , may have potential as a new therapeutic agent for treating fpr1-involved inflammatory lung diseases.
nevertheless , several reports suggest that neurons maintain the mva pathway active , even with sustained cholesterol supply by astrocytes.
we determined the effect of aging on expiratory flow limitation ( efl ) and operating lung volumes when matched for lung size.
we hypothesized that older adults will exhibit greater efl and increases in eelv during exercise compared to younger controls.
ten older ( 5m / 5w ; > 60years old ) and nineteen height-matched young adults ( 10m / 9w ) were recruited.
tidal flow-volume loops were recorded during the incremental exercise test with maximal flow-volume loops measured pre- and post-exercise.
compared to younger controls , older adults exhibited more efl at ventilations of @number@ @number@ @number@ and 80l / min.
the older group had higher end-inspiratory lung volume compared to y-matched%pred fvc group during submaximal ventilations.
the older group increased eelv during exercise , while eelv stayed below resting in the y-matched%pred fvc group.
these data suggest older adults exhibit more efl and increase eelv earlier during exercise compared to younger adults.
background : research indicates that stress is linked to cognitive dysfunction.
objective : we examined the relation between perceived stress and the rate of decline in different cognitive domains.
the four-item cohen's perceived stress scale ( pss ) was also administered at baseline.
background : upper limb paresis is one of the most frequent and persistent impairments following stroke.
the intervention group receives ess plus usual rehabilitation and the control group receives sham ess plus usual rehabilitation.
the intervention is applied as @number@ h of ess / sham ess daily , followed by motor training of the affected upper limb.
outcome measurements are conducted at baseline , post intervention and at 6-month follow-up.
on the other hand , the sample size ( n = @number@ ) may preclude subgroup analyses in such a heterogeneous sample.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct02250365 .
registered on @date@ .
results : we developed an r package stpm for the spm-methodology.
the package estimates several versions of spm currently available in the literature including discrete- and continuous-time multidimensional models and a one-dimensional model with time-dependent parameters.
also , the package provides tools for simulation and projection of individual trajectories and hazard functions.
future work includes further improvements of the model.
clinical and academic researchers will benefit from using the presented model and software.
however , little is known about its exact prevalence among elderly adults , and often albuminuria is not included in the definition of ckd.
data on ckd awareness among the elderly are sparse.
results : in all , @percent@ of the subjects had hypertension , @percent@ had diabetes , and @percent@ were obese.
polypharmacy , age , bmi , coronary artery disease , non-hdl cholesterol , and female sex were independently associated with ckd.
conclusions : ckd is prevalent among older adults in germany , but awareness is low.
the fas equation detects higher rates of ckd than mdrd and ckd-epi , which are most widely used at present.
also , when ckd is defined based on egfr and albuminuria , considerably more people are identified than by egfr alone.
finally , polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk for ckd in the elderly.
we aim to investigate the risk of hbv reactivation during daa therapy.
methods : chronic hepatitis c patients receiving pan-oral daa therapy from @date@ to @date@ were evaluated.
serum hbv and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) markers were regularly measured.
the endpoints were the hcv sustained virological response ( svr ) and the hbv virological / clinical reactivation.
results : the overall svr conclusions : there was a minimal impact of hepatitis b core antibody seropositivity on hcv efficacy and safety.
coordination of energy metabolism is essential for homeostasis of stem cells , whereas an imbalance in energy homeostasis causes disease and accelerated aging.
here we show that deletion or enzymatic inactivation of lysine-specific demethylase @number@ ( lsd1 ) triggers senescence in trophoblast stem cells ( tscs ) .
genome-wide transcriptional profiling of tscs following lsd1 inhibition shows gene set enrichment of aging and metabolic pathways.
consistently , global metabolomic and phenotypic analyses disclose an unbalanced redox status , decreased glutamine anaplerosis and mitochondrial function.
loss of homeostasis is caused by increased expression of sirtuin @number@ ( sirt4 ) , a lsd1-repressed direct target gene.
accordingly , sirt4 overexpression in wild-type tscs recapitulates the senescence phenotype initiated by lsd1 deletion or inhibition.
inversely , absence of lsd1 enzymatic activity concomitant with knockdown of sirt4 reestablishes normal glutamine anaplerosis , redox balance and mitochondrial function.
in conclusion , by repression of sirt4 , lsd1 directs the epigenetic control of tsc immortality via maintenance of metabolic flexibility.
developments in mri acquisition , image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances.
however , mri provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate.
thus , artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical mri.
however , the extent to which factors of arousal and contextual information influence the positivity bias in older adults remains to be determined.
half of the pictures had a human context , and the other half did not.
in addition , emotional dimensions of negative and positive pictures were divided into high-arousal and low-arousal.
the experimental task was to provide old / new recognition and confidence rating judgments.
conclusion : this study highlights the importance of arousal and contextual information in modulating emotional memory in younger and older adults.
it suggests that there are different mechanisms for memorizing pictures with and without human contexts in older adults.
however , the extent to which they are related to health care expenditures has not been examined.
we studied whether increased medicare expenditures were associated with brain markers of atrophy and cerebrovascular disease in older adults.
results : increased medicare spending was associated with higher white matter hyperintensity volume , presence of cerebral infarcts , and smaller total brain volume.
conclusion : medicare costs are related to common markers of \ "silent \ " cerebrovascular disease and atrophy.
this research examined the degree to which this generalized across arousal levels associated with social images.
variations in approach and avoidance responses to individual images were also examined , along with age differences in their relationship to memory performance.
there was no evidence of an age-related positivity effect for low-arousal social scenes.
this result was replicated in experiment @number@ but distancing instructions minimized the age difference in recall for high-arousal , negative images.
approach and avoidance ratings differentially predicted recall across age groups , with stronger associations in the young.
background : mobility and executive functions ( efs ) decline with age , although associations between mobility and efs are less clear.
this study examined relationships between different mobility measures and efs among rural older adults.
methods : this cross-sectional study recruited @number@ older adults ( 60 + years ) in rural south carolina.
mobility was assessed via gait speed , timed up-and-go , chair stand , and as a composite physical performance score ( pps ) .
efs was assessed via trail making test , semantic fluency , and phonemic fluency.
results : mean age was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) , @percent@ were female and @percent@ were white.
conclusions : in a rural setting , mobility is associated with multiple ef processes.
higher mobility and physical ability are desired for maintaining efs capability.
however , numerous questions remain unanswered regarding the nature of these age differences and the role of attentional control abilities in dual-tasking.
in experiment @number@ attentional control skills were measured by instructing participants to deliberately vary attentional priority between the two tasks.
results : both experiments confirmed the presence of a larger dual-task cost in older adults than in young adults.
in experiment @number@ older participants were unable to vary their performance according to task instructions compared with younger adults.
experiment @number@ showed that the age-related difference in dual-task cost was not amplified by a variation in difficulty.
conclusion : a marked age-related difference was found in the ability to control attentional focus in response to task instructions.
a reduction in attentional control skills is proposed to account for the divided attention deficit reported in aging.
the findings indicated higher age declines and / or earlier onset of decline in swimming and running than cycling.
only one previous study is known that examined age trends in performance for this triathlon distance.
the data from the official race results showed @number@ age class competitors that provided @number@ sets of observations.
results : the findings showed an historical decrease in cycling and running but not swimming times.
performance times were lower by men than women , with the gender discrepancy higher in some older age classes.
these interactions add to the knowledge about cohort differences and age changes in triathlon performance.
the authors reason that increased effort in cycling might benefit overall times of older triathletes.
views on aging have been shown to predict the occurrence of events related to physical health in previous studies.
in addition , individual differences in future self-views were reinforced by life events that were consistent with these self-views.
our study demonstrates the importance of future self-views on aging for development-related outcomes that have an especially high impact on people's lives.
( psycinfo database record research on relationships between personality and cognitive abilities has so far resulted in inconsistent findings regarding the strength of the associations.
we used data from the german interdisciplinary longitudinal study of adult development ( ilse study ; n = @number@ ) .
( psycinfo database record the present work investigated associations of older people with humanness.
no such effect occurred with regards to nonuniquely human emotions.
results of study @number@ ( n = @number@ ) replicated this result using a lexical-decision task.
results of the @number@ studies provide evidence for an animalistic form of dehumanization of older people by younger ones.
limits , implications , and future research are discussed.
( psycinfo database record none : literature suggests that pain perception diminishes in old age.
the most recent review used search strategies conducted over a decade ago and concluded that study findings were equivocal.
selected studies were assessed for methodological quality and data pooled and meta-analysed.
publication bias was tested using funnel plots.
twelve studies were included in the review ( study sample sizes 30-244 participants ) .
there is a need for further studies on age-related changes in pain perception.
conclusion : uvb radiation could cause increased 5hmc and tet expression , which might become a novel biomarker in uvb-related skin aging.
lamins are important constituents of the nuclear inner membrane and provide a platform for transcription factors and chromatin.
progerin , a c-terminal truncated lamin a mutant , causes premature aging termed hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) .
oxidative stress appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of hgps , although the mechanistic role of progerin remains elusive.
here we examined whether nuclear lamins are important for a cellular antioxidant mechanism , and whether progerin compromises it.
these results suggest that the nuclear lamins and progerin have marginal roles in the activation of the antioxidant nrf2 response to arsenic and cadmium.
the association between the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) and adverse outcomes in older adults may be explained by other health conditions.
this study examined the role of frailty in explaining the association between mets and mortality , independent of comorbidity.
data were used from @number@ men and women aged ≥65years of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam.
mets was assessed using the definition of the us national cholesterol education program.
frailty was measured by the frailty phenotype.
mortality was monitored from @number@ until @number@
associations of mets with 19-year all-cause mortality were assessed using cox proportional hazard models.
mets was present in @percent@ of the participants.
objective : chronic cortisol exposure is hypothesized to contribute to obesity.
this study examined associations between hair cortisol concentrations , a novel indicator of long-term cortisol exposure , and adiposity in a large population-based sample.
hair cortisol concentrations were determined from the scalp-nearest @number@ cm hair segment , and height , weight , and waist circumference were objectively measured.
covariates included age , sex , socioeconomic status , smoking status , diabetes , and arthritis.
objective : this paper reviews the state of the science on psychological and neural contributions to appetite self-regulation in the context of obesity.
results : self-regulation of appetite involves a complex interaction between multiple domains , including cognitive , neural , social , and goal-directed behaviors and decision-making.
self-regulation failures can arise from any of these factors , and the resulting implications for obesity should be considered in light of each domain.
conclusions : appetite regulation is a complex , multifactorial construct.
when considering its role in the obesity epidemic , it is advisable to consider its various dimensions together to best inform prevention and treatment efforts.
a key mediator of the cellular response to damage and stress is the transcription factor nf-κb.
surprisingly , the variant was observed seven times in the exac database , presumably in individuals without bos.
although the bos phenotype fit , the presence of the variant in reference population databases introduced ambiguity in result interpretation.
we examined all asxl1 truncating variants in the exac database and determined most are likely somatic.
however , the mere absence of symptoms does not necessarily guarantee experiences of well-being.
the concept of thriving encapsulates and explores experiences of well-being in relation to the place where a person lives.
design : a cross-sectional survey.
method : a national survey of @number@ swedish nursing homes ( 2013-2014 ) .
resident ( n = @number@ ) symptoms , activities and thriving were assessed by staff using a study survey based on established questionnaires.
descriptive statistics , simple and multiple linear regression , and linear stepwise multiple regression were performed.
the least commonly occurring everyday activities were going to the cinema , participating in an educational program , visiting a restaurant and doing everyday chores.
adipose tissue-derived stem cells ( adsc ) are promising candidates for therapeutic applications in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
the medium constituents therefore impact the efficacy of adsc.
little attention has been paid to the energy source in medium , i.e. , glucose , which feeds the cell's power plants : mitochondria.
appropriate application of adsc for stem cells therapy of cardiovascular disease warrants knowledge of their mitochondrial phenotype and function.
we discuss several methodologies for assessing adsc mitochondrial function and structural changes under environmental cues , in particular , increased ros caused by hyperglycemia.
the dream of slowing down the aging process has always inspired mankind.
further , it has been shown that small , but significant , reductions in postural sway are possible with various balance exercise interventions.
results showed an overall reduction in postural sway across all participants from pre- to post-intervention.
however , the magnitude of effects was significantly influenced by the amount of postural sway demonstrated by individuals prior to geri-fit training.
specifically , more participants with atypically high postural sway pre-intervention experienced an overall postural sway reduction.
these reductions experienced were typically greater than the minimum detectable change statistic for the btracks balance test.
introduction : frailty is associated with a functional decline of multiple physiological systems , of which they may be a cause or consequence.
the objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid hormone modifications in elderly frail subjects and its relationship with frailty.
the study population consisted of @number@ elderly subjects : @number@ were hospitalized following hip fracture and @number@ control subjects were outpatients.
participating patients received a multidimensional geriatric evaluation.
the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe frailty instrument ( share-fi ) was used to assess the degree of frailty.
thyroid stimulating hormone ( tsh ) , free triiodothyronine ( ft3 ) , and free thyroxine ( ft4 ) were measured to evaluate thyroid status.
in the entire study population , ft3 under normal limits is effective in discriminating frail / prefrail subjects from nonfrail subjects.
discussion : the reduction in serum concentrations of ft3 is a clear manifestation of stress associated with fractures.
purpose : correct drug prescription in the elderly is a difficult task that requires careful survey of the current pharmacological therapies.
results : widespread polypharmacy , giving rise to @time@ % of pips in the whole collection of prescriptions , was observed.
in particular , pips mainly concern drugs acting at the central nervous system level , mostly benzodiazepines and antipsychotics.
moreover , approximately one-fourth of the subjects had an elevated sl and approximately one-tenth a high al.
drug-drug interactions were frequent ( @number@ requiring medical attention ) , up to five for each single patient.
conclusion : these results demonstrate the need to develop novel strategies aimed at improving the quality of drug prescription.
pancreatic islets express high levels of the orphan g-protein coupled receptor c5c ( gprc5c ) , the function of which remains to be established.
here we have examined the role of gprc5c in the regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell survival and proliferation using human and mouse pancreatic islets.
the expression of gprc5c was analysed by rna-sequencing , qpcr , western blotting and confocal microscopy.
insulin secretion and cell viability were determined by ria and mts assays , respectively.
gprc5c mrna expression and protein level were reduced in the islets from type-2 diabetic donors.
rna sequencing in human islets revealed gprc5c expression correlated with the expression of genes controlling apoptosis , cell survival and proliferation.
down-regulation of gprc5c led to both moderately reduced glucose-stimulated insulin release and also reduced camp content in mouse islets.
potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concomitant with enhanced islet camp level by all-trans retinoic acid ( atra ) was attenuated upon gprc5c-kd.
results : we observed @number@ cases of all-cause dementia over @number@ years of follow-up.
human evolution suggests that the default position for health is to be physically active.
inactivity , by contrast , has serious negative effects on health across the lifespan.
therefore , only in physically active people can the inherent aging process proceed unaffected by disuse complications.
background : blacks have higher stroke incidence and experience greater poststroke disability than whites.
to optimize care for stroke survivors , it is important to understand the amount of care that they receive and the implications for stroke caregivers.
we compared hours of care received and unmet activity need among the @number@ white and @number@ black stroke survivors.
we then performed racial comparisons of positive and negative aspects of caregiving reported by caregivers of black and white stroke survivors.
despite providing more hours of care , caregivers of black stroke were more positive about their caregiver role than caregivers of white stroke survivors.
in predicting age-specific metabolism is important for evaluating age-related drug and chemical sensitivity.
multiple cytochrome p450s and carboxylesterase enzymes are responsible for human pyrethroid metabolism.
complete ontogeny data for each enzyme are needed to support in vitro to in vivo extrapolation ( ivive ) .
objective : our objective was to examine the effects of a computer-based educational intervention designed for general practitioners ( gps ) to promote active aging.
we measured the outcome as scores on the patients expectations scale , communication scale , attitude toward treatment and health scale , and self-efficacy scale.
mechanisms that contribute to healthy aging remain obscure.
in a recent issue of nature medicine , furman et al.
( @number@ ) describe that dietary caffeine inhibits the nlrc4 inflammasome , which is associated with disease-free aging.
in the coming decades , hospitalizations and deaths associated with salmonella in seniors could represent a challenge due to an aging population in canada.
the numbers of non-typhoidal ( nt ) salmonella-related hospitalizations from the canadian hospitalization morbidity database were analysed for a period of @number@ years for seniors.
hospitalization rate calculations and descriptive analyses were performed on variables associated with the burden of hospitalization and compared with the adult age group.
estimates of hospitalizations and deaths associated with domestically acquired salmonella ( accounting for under-reporting ) were also calculated.
this study found that @percent@ of the nt salmonella-related hospitalization and @percent@ of the deaths recorded in the canadian adult population occurred in seniors.
the length of hospitalization stay was also longer in seniors ( @number@ days ) than other adults ( @number@ days ) .
we estimated that each year , @number@ hospitalizations and @number@ deaths are related to domestically acquired salmonella in seniors.
senior populations represent a substantial percentage of salmonella-related hospitalizations and deaths in canada and the burden associated with those hospitalizations is also greater.
this should be considered when developing estimates of medical costs and implementing prevention activities.
a new rejuvenation concept is proposed during our practice ; the asian face should preserve the original facial identity during botox treatments.
the lower face is treated with botulinum toxin to achieve a harmonious facial profile.
after posttreatment for @number@ months , significant improvement was observed compared with the baseline.
and the reduced masseter prominence and prominent chin were obtained , showing a favorable facial contour and harmonious appearance during the follow-up.
botox treatment was a quite effective and safe strategy to improve the appearance and contour of the lower face in asian patients.
the article first provides a general introduction to df world , and an overview of the different materials is available for fillers.
moreover , an update regarding the main food and drug administration ( fda ) approved fillers is presented.
different lines of evidence indicate that patients with schizophrenia ( sz ) exhibit accelerated aging.
leukocyte telomere length ( tl ) , an aging marker , is associated with age-related and chronic pathologies , including schizophrenia.
we analyzed leukocyte tl in @number@ sz patients of hispanic ancestry grouped based on antipsychotic treatment , compared to @number@ matched controls.
the group under treatment with atypical antipsychotics was further subdivided according to the risk of medication to cause metabolic syndrome ( mets ) .
however , when the analysis was done separately for clozapine and olanzapine , a significant difference remained only for olanzapine.
these findings suggest that atypical antipsychotics that cause high-risk for mets , particularly olanzapine , may modulate leukocyte tl in sz patients.
microglia are resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development , maintenance of neuronal networks , and injury repair.
alterations in microglia functionality are implicated in brain development and aging , as well as in neurodegeneration.
moreover , we highlight the complexity of targeting microglia for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
objectives : : to assess the predictors for the functional incapacity of the elderly in primary health care.
the research project was approved by the research ethics committee.
evidence indicates that the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with insulin resistance may contribute to cognitive aging and alzheimer's diseases.
a total of @number@ taiwanese subjects aged over @number@ years from the taiwan biobank were analyzed.
mini-mental state examinations ( mmse ) were administered to all subjects , and mmse scores were used to measure cognitive functions.
this association remained significant after performing bonferroni correction.
additionally , we found that interactions between the adamts9 rs9985304 and adamts9 rs76346246 snps influenced cognitive aging ( p < @number@ ) .
however , variants in the gckr and pparg genes had no association with cognitive aging in our study.
our study indicates that the adamts9 gene may contribute to susceptibility to cognitive aging independently as well as through snp-snp interactions.
background : frailty syndrome ( fs ) is a well-established predictor of outcomes in geriatric patients.
methods : we performed a 2-year ( 2012-2013 ) prospective cohort analysis of all consecutive geriatric ( age , ≥ @number@ years ) trauma patients.
fs was assessed using a trauma-specific frailty index ( tsfi ) .
patients were stratified into : nonfrail , tsfi ≤ @number@ prefrail , tsfi = @number@ to @number@ and frail , tsfi > @number@
patient follow-up occurred at @number@ months to assess outcomes.
regression analysis was performed to assess independent associations between tsfi and outcomes.
results : three hundred fifty patients were enrolled.
six-month follow-up was recorded in @percent@ of the patients.
conclusion : over a third of geriatric trauma patients had fs.
tsfi provides a practical and accurate assessment tool for identifying elderly trauma patients who are at increased risk of both short-term and long-term outcomes.
early focused intervention in frail geriatric patients is warranted to improve long-term outcomes.
level of evidence : prognostic study , level ii.
monocytes play a vital role in hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) , postulated to transport hiv into the brain and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines.
interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were higher in hand compared with nc at baseline ( p = @number@ and p < @number@ ) .
aging and alzheimer is a prospective , longitudinal cohort study involving @number@ adults aged ≥65 years from selected areas in cuba's havana and matanzas provinces.
information was gathered on sociodemographic characteristics ; disability , dependency and frailty ; use of health services ; and characteristics of care and caregiver burden.
in 2007-2011 , the second assessment was done of @number@ study subjects aged ≥65 years who were still alive.
it also contributes valuable experiences from field work and interactions with older adults and their families.
keywords dementia , alzheimer disease , chronic disease , aging , chronic illness , frailty , dependency , cohort studies , cuba.
therapeutic decision-making for patients with multimorbidity ( mm ) is challenging.
clinical practice guidelines inadequately address harmful interactions and resulting therapeutic conflicts within and among diseases.
all possible interactions between conditions and treatments were extracted from each case's record into a multimorbidity interaction matrix.
experienced general internists ( n = @number@ ) judged each interaction in the matrix in terms of likely resource utilization needed to manage the interaction.
based on misidiff , the high conflict case was judged to be of significantly greater mm severity than was the low conflict case.
background / objectives : it is unknown if wine , beer and spirit intake lead to a similar association with diabetes.
we studied the association between alcoholic beverage preference and type @number@ diabetes incidence in persons who reported to consume alcohol.
diabetes incidence was based on documented and / or self-reported diagnosis during follow-up.
preference was defined when ⩾70% of total alcohol consumed was either beer , wine or spirits.
adjusted hazard ratios ( hrs ) were computed using cox proportional hazard regression.
single-cohort hrs were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis.
results : beer , wine or spirit preference was not related to diabetes risk compared with having no preference.
the representations we have of old age are sometimes far from reality.
an addiction may be discovered by chance late on , delaying diagnosis and treatment.
a desire to change can be encouraged through expression , listening and analysing current behaviour.
concurrent chf and copd frequently occur , especially in with advancing age.
this study examines long-term mortality in community-dwelling elderly subjects affected by chf alone , copd alone , and coexistent chf and copd.
conclusions : long-term follow-up showed higher mortality among elderly subjects affected by chf or copd.
simultaneous presence of chf and copd significantly increased the risk of death.
therefore , the presence of copd in chf patients should be considered a relevant factor in predicting high risk of mortality.
background : concerns about polypharmacy and medication side effects contribute to undertreatment of geriatric pain.
this study examines use and effects of pharmacologic treatment for persistent pain in older adults.
methods : the mobilize boston study included @number@ adults aged ≥70 years , living in the boston area , recruited from @number@ to @number@
we studied @number@ participants who reported chronic pain at baseline.
medications taken in the previous @number@ weeks were recorded from medication bottles in the home interview.
results : half of participants reported using analgesic medications in the previous @number@ weeks.
the most commonly used analgesic was acetaminophen ( @percent@ ) .
opioid analgesics were used daily by @percent@ of participants.
or @number@ @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusion : serious gaps persist in pain management particularly for older adults with the most severe chronic pain.
greater efforts are needed to understand barriers to effective pain management and self-management in the older population.
this study focused on the relationship between dietary patterns and prevalence of the sarcopenia in menopausal women.
methods : this cross-sectional study was done in @number@ menopausal women @number@ years old or older.
dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire and physical activity was assessed by international physical activity questionnaire ( ipaq ) .
conclusions : our findings suggest that mediterranean dietary pattern has a favorable role in the prevention of sarcopenia.
this has many potential implications in a group of predominantly elderly patients with altered pharmacokinetics , comorbidities and polypharmacy of potentially toxic drugs.
efficacy of these treatments are not reviewed in detail but references for reviews and trials are provided for further reading.
fish oils and vitamin d supplementation may generally be recommended , while thunder god vine should be avoided.
background : drug-related problems are an important healthcare safety concern in the growing population of older people.
prescription of potentially inappropriate medication ( pim ) is one aspect of this concern that is considered to increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.
methods : insurants of a large german health insurance company aged 65 + years were included in a retrospective matched cohort study.
whether avoiding pim listed on the priscus list may potentially improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare is currently unknown.
senior citizens are at an increased risk of developing chronic conditions , which in turn increase discomfort associated with physiological processes of aging.
sensations of pain have a particular influence on the mentioned discomfort , and pain is prevalent among older people.
therefore , from the perspective of an elderly person and senior care , it is crucial to identify determinants of effective coping with chronic pain.
subjects were sampled based on a diagnosis of a chronic medical illness with chronic pain as one of the major symptoms.
results and conclusion : the mean score of respondents ' soc was @number@ ( sd = @time@ ) .
individuals with stronger soc were less prone to catastrophizing and more often declared that they were coping with and could control and reduce pain.
results : the median of the overall score of cecs equaled @number@ points , which is considered average in terms of negative emotions acceptance.
the study group affiliation was a key variable conditioning the relations between the analyzed features.
the elderly residents of public nursing home belonged to the group distinguishing negatively compared to other two study groups.
objective : this study aimed to evaluate and compare the measures of frailty , comorbidity , and disability in predicting 1-year mortality in geriatric inpatients.
design : prospective cohort study.
patients and setting : a total of @number@ inpatients aged ≥65 years in geriatric wards of a general hospital participated in the study.
measurements : the patients were evaluated in relation to different frailty , comorbidity , and disability instruments during their hospital stays.
the patients were followed-up over @number@ year.
purpose : to assess the factors involved in oral intake discontinuation in elderly patients with recurrent aspiration pneumonia.
we consecutively enrolled patients with aspiration pneumonia.
the primary study point was oral intake discontinuation after the initiation of oral intake during hospitalization in cases of recurrent aspiration.
various parameters were recorded at admission , at the initiation of intake , and during hospitalization ; these parameters were statistically evaluated.
at the initiation of intake , level of consciousness , pulse rate , and albumin levels significantly differed between the groups.
these factors may be helpful to determine a suitable timing for resumption of oral intake.
methods : a total of @number@ malaysian older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited using multistage random sampling in a population based cross-sectional study.
there is a need to further determine the predictive values of these cut-off points on outcomes through longitudinal study design.
arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease.
the ambulatory arterial stiffness index ( aasi ) is a proposed indicator of arterial stiffness easily calculated from ambulatory blood pressure.
we investigated whether aasi could predict gfr decline measured as iohexol clearance in the general population.
aasi was defined as @number@ minus the regression slope of the diastolic blood pressure measurement over the systolic blood pressure measurement for each patient.
the participant age was @number@ to @number@ years old at baseline , and the median observation time was @number@ years.
baseline ambulatory blood pressure or the night / day systolic or diastolic ambulatory blood pressure ratios were not associated with gfr decline.
we conclude that the aasi is an independent risk factor for accelerated age-related gfr decline in the general middle-aged population.
tumor infiltrated type ii ( m2 ) macrophages promote tumorigenesis by suppressing immune clearance , promoting proliferation , and stimulating angiogenesis.
interestingly , macrophages were also found to enrich in small foci of altered hepatocytes containing liver tumor-initiating cells ( tics ) .
however , whether and how tics specifically recruit macrophages and the function of these macrophages in tumor initiation remain unknown due to technical difficulties.
elimination of tic-associated macrophages ( ticams ) abolishes tumorigenesis in a manner dependent on the immune system.
mechanistically , activation of the hippo pathway effector yes-associated protein ( yap ) underlies macrophage recruitment by tics.
frailty is a common negative consequence of ageing.
the pathophysiology of both syndromes is incompletely described with multiple causes , inter-relationships and complex pathways proposed.
frailty , sarcopenia and immunesenescence are commonly described in older adults but are not ubiquitous to ageing.
there is evidence that all three conditions are reversible and all three appear to share common inflammatory drivers.
this review explores these possibilities focusing on innate immunity , and in particular associations with neutrophil dysfunction , inflammation and known mechanisms described to date.
the latest studies have shown that the level of circulating gdf @number@ correlates with the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases , cancer and uremia.
based on these studies , gdf @number@ is a promising candidate to serve as a novel biomarker of diseases.
these agents are safer and more efficacious than classic cytotoxic drugs making them a very attractive therapeutic option , especially in older adults.
current available data do not suggest significant age-associated differences in the clinical profile of icis.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of motor neurons.
the novel p.lys91argfster8 mutation led to a frameshift causing the addition of @number@ new amino acids , including a premature stop codon at position @number@
the ggggcc hexanucleotide repeat expansion of the c9orf72 gene was present in @number@ als patient.
methods : a total of @number@ individuals participated in the study.
the sentence-comprehension task consisted of the canonical and non-canonical word-order conditions.
a composite measure of wm scores was used as an index of wm capacity.
results : participants exhibited worse performance on sentences with non-canonical word order than canonical word order.
the two-way interaction between age and wm was significant , suggesting that wm effects were greater than age effects on the task.
wm capacity may serve as a cognitive reserve associated with sentence-comprehension abilities for elderly adults.
background : aging perceptions have been found to be major contributors to health in old age.
to quantitatively explore aging perceptions among elderly turkish migrants , valid and reliable turkish-language instruments are needed.
methods : a questionnaire including the turkish-language apq-s was administered to @number@ community-dwelling turkish migrants aged 65-99 years who resided in rotterdam , the netherlands.
the questionnaire also contained items measuring well-being , physical and mental health-related quality of life , and number of chronic conditions.
each indicator loaded significantly on its corresponding latent factor , and standardized factor loadings > @number@ supported the convergent validity of the turkish apq-s dimensions.
contrary to expectations , income level was not associated with any apq-s dimension.
conclusion : the turkish-language version of the apq-s is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of aging perceptions among elderly turkish migrants.
further research is needed to gain insight into aging perceptions and their health and sociodemographic correlates in this population.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t1dm ) is a major subtype of diabetes and is usually diagnosed at a young age with insulin deficiency.
however , the relation remains unclear between t1dm and dementia as an aging-related disease.
we restricted our review to studies involving only human subjects and excluded studies on type @number@ diabetes mellitus or non-classified diabetes.
a meta-analysis was first performed on the relationship between t1dm and cognitive changes in youths and adults respectively.
first , age at onset , disease duration , and glycemic dysregulation were delineated for their association with cognitive changes.
then diabetic ketoacidosis , angiopathy , and neuropathy were examined as diabetic complications for their involvement in cognitive impairments.
lastly , body mass index and blood pressure were discussed for their relations with the cognitive changes.
future studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of t1dm-related cognitive impairments or dementia.
baseline pbdnf was higher in patients with moderate ad ( but not mild ad ) than in healthy controls.
at fu1 , pbdnf and adas-cogscore decreased significantly.
ci exerted positive short-term effects , but more information is needed on long-term consequences.
background : neural tissue alterations in down syndrome are fully expressed at relatively late developmental stages.
in addition , there is an early presence of neurodegenerative changes in the late life stages.
methods : forty-five adult non-demented down syndrome patients showing a wide age range ( 18-52 years ) and a matched 45-subject control group were assessed.
dti fractional anisotropy ( fa ) brain maps were generated and selected cognitive tests were administered.
white matter fa decreased with age at a similar rate in both ds and control groups.
conclusions : our results contribute to characterizing the expression of white matter structural alterations in adult down syndrome.
recent work has shown intranasal insulin can be detected in young cd-1 mice within @number@ min and is still present @number@ min after injection.
we found that co-administration with bovine serum albumin increased levels of insulin in most brain regions.
in addition , the insulin receptor inhibitor , s961 , decreases the amount of insulin transported throughout the brain after intranasal injection.
background : few studies have examined how dementia and comorbidities may interact to affect healthcare expenditures.
objective : to examine whether effects of dementia severity on medicare expenditures differed for individuals with different levels of comorbidities.
methods : data are drawn from the washington heights-inwood columbia aging project ( whicap ) .
comprehensive clinical assessments of dementia severity were systematically carried out at ∼18 month intervals.
dementia severity was measured by clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) .
comorbidities were measured by a modified elixhauser comorbidities index.
generalized linear models examined effects of dementia severity , comorbidities , and their interactions on medicare expenditures ( 1999-2010 ) .
dementia severity was associated with higher expenditures , but comorbidities were the most important predictor of expenditures.
we did not find strong interaction effects between number of comorbidities and dementia severity.
conclusions : increasing dementia severity and higher comorbidities are associated with higher medicare expenditures.
care of individuals with dementia should focus on management of comorbidities.
discussion : individuals with ad have greater regional volume of wmsa compared to oc regardless of age or total wmsa volume.
accumulation of regional wmsa is linked to time to ad conversion in individuals with mci.
these findings indicate wmsa is an important pathological component of ad development.
while technological opportunities multiply rapidly , clinical applications are rare as the technological potential of iats remains inadequately translated into dementia care.
computer science , engineering , and medical databases were extensively searched and the retrieved items were systematically reviewed.
for each iat , the authors examined their technological type , application , target population , model of development , and evidence of clinical validation.
little is known concerning the behavioral outcome of these patients after discharge.
objective : the present study investigated the long-term evolution of bpsd over one year after cbu discharge.
methods : the evital cohort included @number@ participants admitted to the cbus of @number@ french hospitals.
bpsd were collected using the neuropsychiatric inventory ( npi ) at admission and @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after hospitalization.
the global npi score evolution was assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.
a four-factor model of the npi including behavioral dyscontrol , psychosis , mood , and agitation subscores was also analyzed.
results : our analysis focused on @number@ patients followed up during @number@ months and evaluated at each visit.
the score significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up ( f = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
moreover , the decrease was observed for each npi subscores.
conversely , the npi decline was observed whatever the cdr level.
amyloid-β deposition in senile plaques is one of the main pathological changes in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the role of aqp4 in plaque formation is not currently clear.
in addition , the astrocyte marker , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ) , was studied in association with aqp4.
we demonstrated a robust upregulation of aqp4 expression in areas of plaques.
compared to gfap , aqp4 appeared predominantly at later stages of plaque formation , in older mice , and within the processes of astrocytes.
in combination with gfap , aqp4 differentiated plaques into three progression stages under light microscopy.
this suggests that aqp4 expression was associated with amyloid deposition and astrocyte pathology in the tg-arcswe mouse model of ad.
this provides novel proof for the involvement of aqp4 in the process of amyloid deposition in ad.
based on successful experiments in mouse ad models , active immunization with aβ42 peptide and passive immunizations with anti-aβ42 antibodies were started in clinical trials.
active aβ42 peptide immunization in humans had led to an inflammatory autoimmune response , and the trial was stopped.
passive immunizations had shown some effects in slowing ad pathology.
active dna aβ42 immunizations administered with the gene gun into the skin elicits a different immune response and is non-inflammatory.
while in rodents , good responses had been found for this type of immunization , positive results in larger mammals are missing.
we present here results from sixteen new zealand white rabbits , which underwent intradermal dna aβ42 immunization via gene gun.
a good anti-aβ antibody response was found in the rabbit model.
brains from immunized rabbits showed no signs of encephalitis.
when studied across time we found that in 3xtg-ad mice , the compensatory phenomenon occurred in parallel in different regions of the brain.
however , this attempt of the brain to repair itself was able to only partially rescue cognitive impairment.
at the same time vitamin d suppresses the expression of myostatin , a negative regulator of muscle mass.
vitamin d levels are strongly associated with exercise performance in athletes and physically active individuals.
in the elderly and in adults below the age of @number@ several studies have established a close association between vitamin d levels and neuromuscular coordination.
the present study aimed to contribute to the discussion about the relation between motor coordination and executive functions in preschool children.
higher order control processes are discussed as an explanation of the relation between executive functions and motor skills.
models were adjusted for age , sex , principal components to account for ancestry , and additional health indicators.
results : load associations nominally differed for @number@ of @number@ variants ; cr1 and apoe variants were significant after bonferroni correction.
discussion : estimates of genetic associations may differ for studies limited to clinic-only designs.
home visit capacity should be explored as a possible source of heterogeneity and potential bias in genetic studies.
background : ewing sarcoma survivors ( esss ) are at increased risk for treatment-related complications.
the incidence of treatment-related morbidity and late mortality with aging is unknown.
piecewise exponential models were used to estimate relative rates ( rrs ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) for these outcomes.
chronic conditions were graded with the common terminology criteria for adverse events ( version @number@ ) .
conclusions : with extended follow-up , esss ' risk for late mortality and sns does not plateau.
treatment-related chronic conditions develop years after therapy , and this supports the need for lifelong follow-up.
cancer @number@ ; 123 : 2551-60. © @number@ american cancer society.
stability of the formulation was also monitored for @number@ months at multiple storage conditions per ich q1a ( r2 ) guidelines.
the solution eye drops resulted in an in-situ phase change to gel-state when mixed with simulated tear fluid ( stf ) .
the gel structure formation was confirmed by viscoelastic measurements.
drug release from the gel followed non-fickian mechanism with @percent@ of drug released in @number@ hr.
it is important to understand aspects of performance contributing to this benefit.
objective : to evaluate intervention effects on tertiary physical performance outcomes.
design : the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders ( life ) was a multi-centered , single-blind randomized trial of older adults.
setting : eight field centers throughout the united states.
interventions : moderate pa including walking , resistance and balance training compared with he consisting of topics relevant to older adults.
however , @number@ m walking speed was faster in pa versus he group ( overall p = < .001 ) .
conclusion : lower extremity performance ( sppb ) was significantly higher in the pa compared with he group.
dermal deposits of mucin in the legs have been described associated with venous insufficiency.
however , some degree of stasis dermatitis is generally common in aged individuals.
therefore , some amount of mucin is expected a priori in the reticular dermis of aged patients , even in the absence of clinical lesions.
to test this hypothesis , the authors investigated the mucin in the legs of aged individuals without any dermatologic disease.
cutaneous samples were taken from the legs of @number@ autopsy cases.
cases with greater deposits of iron also had other signs of stasis , such as neovascularization.
all the samples scored @number@ for dermal mucin deposits in the reticular dermis.
the authors conclude that mucin deposits in the legs are not inherent to aging.
detection of mcr-1-carrying bacteria in chicken samples was associated with colistin use and detection in human samples with exposure to mcr-1-positive chickens.
ever since , energy-based devices have been deployed to treat pelvic pathologies and improve fertility.
this review aimed to review such data and to guide future research.
a unique assembly of experts from around the globe , compiled and edited this manuscript based on a thorough literature review and personal experience.
lasers surg. med.
49 : 137-159 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
this study included @number@ patients , aged 33-63 years ( the average age was @number@ ) with fitzpatrick skin type ii and iii.
the treatment was performed for the skin in the eye area.
measurements of skin elasticity were made in three or four sites within eye area.
the results of cutometric measurements for r7 showed the improvement in skin elasticity in case of all treatment methods.
the majority of the results of mexametric measurements-mex ( melanin level ) and eryt ( the severity of erythema ) are statistically insignificant.
fractional non-ablative laser is a method which , in comparison to other methods , has the greatest impact on skin viscoelasticity.
these procedures are well tolerated and are associated with a low risk of side effects.
bivariate associations were quantified using spearman's rank correlation coefficients.
pz thickness had a significant negative correlation with pcar ( p < @number@ ) and tz volume ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : no age-related increases and no differences between the japanese and the us subgroups were found with regard to pz volume.
mri analysis of prostate zonal anatomy enhanced our understanding of age-related changes in morphology and urinary symptoms.
background : patients with parkinson disease ( pd ) experience problems such as falls and freezing of gait during walking and turning in daily activities.
however , few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous turning tasks and the severity of pd.
spatiotemporal and kinematic variables were analyzed during the tug test with a vicon 3-d motion analysis system.
the step length and foot clearance height were significantly different between groups i and ii.
conclusions : patients with pd exhibited significant differences in all variables of interest compared to the controls.
people with severe copd live with increasingly troublesome breathlessness and other symptoms such as fatigue , pain , sputum production and weight loss.
as breathlessness increases , treatment is stepped up from short-acting to long-acting bronchodilators supplemented by non-pharmacological interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation.
opiates relieve breathlessness , and referral to a multidisciplinary breathlessness service is an option for those with intractable symptoms.
acute exacerbations become more frequent and more severe as the disease reaches end-stage.
inhaled corticosteroids in combination with long-acting bronchodilators can reduce the frequency of exacerbations , and supported self-management aims to facilitate timely treatment of deterioration.
approaches to care that promote a flexible approach to palliation alongside curative care could do much to improve the burden of living with severe copd.
background : the use of proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) in older adults is high , often inappropriate , and may cause harm.
deprescribing is defined as the reduction , withdrawal , or discontinuation of inappropriate medication.
objective : we conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of interventions to deprescribe inappropriate ppis in older adults.
where available , clinically relevant outcomes were also assessed.
results : we included @number@ articles in our review.
six studies demonstrated effective interventions , @number@ were inconclusive , and four were ineffective.
effective interventions included a population-wide education and promotion strategy , academic detailing for general practitioners , and inpatient geriatrician-led deprescribing.
methodological issues limited the interpretation of several studies.
standardization in outcome reporting was lacking , and clinical outcome data were absent.
a comparison of intervention effectiveness was not possible because of their heterogeneity , which precluded a meta-analysis.
conclusion : the limited available evidence suggests that some strategies are more successful than others in effectively deprescribing inappropriate ppis in older adults.
however , whether ppi deprescribing translates into better clinical outcomes remains unclear.
the objective of this study is to determine the current distribution of clinical phenotypes and to estimate future trends of als incidence in western societies.
we report on a clinical-epidemiological registry with a capture-recapture rate of > 80% and population-based case-control study in als patients in south western germany.
@number@ incidents of als were registered.
clinical and neuropsychological data were prospectively collected from @number@ cases.
the mean age at onset was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) years in prospective cases ( n = @number@ ) .
cognitive deficits ( ranging from @number@ to @percent@ , depending on the screening instrument ) and behavioral changes ( @percent@ ) were frequently detected.
the mean survival time of als cases from first paresis was @number@ months.
als prevalence will rise to about @number@.2-9.8 / 100 , 000 person-years in germany in @number@
the management of cancer in older aged people is becoming a common problem due to the aging of the population.
there are many variables determining the complex situation that are interconnected.
background : rectal cancer ( rc ) is a common malignancy with a substantial mortality but good survival for patients with optimally treated nonmetastatic disease.
lack of insurance may compromise access to care and therefore compromise survival.
here , we examine rc survival by insurance type.
results : patients with medicaid or no insurance presented at later stages and were less likely to receive definitive surgery.
overall 3-year survival was higher for patients with other insurance compared with medicaid-insured ( @percent@ units ) and uninsured ( @percent@ units ) patients.
major differences in survival were still observed after adjustment for stage.
background : emerging evidence suggests that arterial stiffness , an important marker of cardiovascular health , is associated with alcohol consumption.
however , the role of longer-term consumption patterns in the progression of arterial stiffness over time remains unclear.
a longitudinal cohort design was used to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption over @number@ years and subsequent changes in arterial stiffness.
repeated alcohol intake measurements were used to categorize participants into alcohol consumer types , accounting for longitudinal variability in consumption.
sex-stratified linear mixed-effects modeling was used to investigate whether drinker types differed in their relationship to pulse wave velocity and its progression over time.
it discusses the additional insights possible when capturing longitudinal consumption patterns in lieu of reliance on recent intake alone.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct02663791.
this review summarizes the progress and hotspots in recent researches of the associations among gut microbiota , the immune system , osteoporosis.
third , we showcase a number of pharmacological agents previously employed in nonhuman primate studies that display some potential as caloric restriction mimetics.
finally , we present nonhuman primates as an important model for translation of mechanisms of delayed aging identified in studies of shorter-lived animals.
sleep has been shown to foster the process of insight generation in young adults during problem solving activities.
aging is characterized by substantial changes in sleep architecture altering memory consolidation.
whether sleep might promote the occurrence of insight in older adults as well has not yet been tested experimentally.
data showed that insight emerged significantly less frequently after a night of sleep in older adults compared to young.
moreover , there was no difference in the magnitude of insight occurrence following sleep and daytime -consolidation in aged participants.
overall , present findings demonstrate that a period of sleep does not significantly promote insight in problem solving in older adults.
we analysed the influence of age , sex and hcmv seropositivity on each lymphocyte subpopulations and established reference ranges.
sex had a major impact on absolute counts of cd4 + t cells which were higher in females.
introduction : sarcopenia is characterized by an involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass , strength , and function.
previous studies suggest that it is generally associated with aging and chronic kidney diseases.
the focus of this study was on the association between sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia in kidney transplant recipients.
sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria for the asia working group for sarcopenia.
the mean age of the recipients was @number@ ± @number@ years , and the mean duration of dialysis was @number@ ± @number@ years.
multivariate regression analysis showed that age and duration of dialysis were independent variables for sarcopenic status.
conclusions : our observations indicate that age and duration of dialysis before transplantation were independent determinants of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia in these kidney transplant recipients.
growing disparities in adult mortality across u.s. states point to the importance of assessing disparities in other domains of health.
our study is based on data from @number@ million adults aged 25-94 years in the 2010-2014 waves of the american community survey.
disability is defined as difficulty with mobility , independent living , self-care , vision , hearing , or cognition.
we first provide estimates of age-standardized and age-specific disability prevalence by state.
we then estimate multilevel models to assess how states ' socioeconomic and policy contexts shape the probability of having a disability.
age-standardized disability prevalence differs markedly by state , from @percent@ in north dakota and minnesota to @percent@ in west virginia.
states ' socioeconomic and policy contexts appear particularly important for older adults.
findings underscore the importance of socio-ecological influences on disability.
the brain functional connectome constitutes a unique fingerprint allowing identification of individuals among a pool of people.
however , translation of the evidence linking polymorphisms , dietary requirements , and pathology risk proves to be challenging for nutrition and dietetic practitioners.
zinc status and polymorphisms of genes coding for zinc-transporters have been associated with chronic diseases.
the present study aimed to systematically review the literature to assess whether recommendations for zinc intake could be made according to genotype.
eighteen studies investigating @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in relation to zinc intake and / or status were identified.
numerous exogenous compounds have been tested for their anti-glycating activity.
the aim of this study was to answer the question , which endogenous compounds at physiological concentrations can effectively prevent glycation.
only glutathione was found to protect significantly against glycation at physiological concentrations.
glutathione depletion increased the rate of hemoglobin glycation in erythrocytes incubated with high glucose concentrations.
these results indicate that the level of glutathione is the main determinant of glycation of intracellular proteins.
motor functions improve during childhood and adolescence , but little is still known about the development of cortical motor circuits during early life.
furthermore , the phase of the oscillatory response to tms becomes less consistent with age.
these changes parallel an improvement in manual dexterity and may reflect developmental changes in functional connectivity.
while these interventions show promise , their potential pitfalls are discussed herein.
vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) was originally recognized as a substance predominantly with vascular permeability and angiogenesis.
recently , more and more evidence indicated that vegf is expressed in the neurons of the developing and adult brains.
functional investigation demonstrated that vegf shows several important effects on the neuronal development and physiological function.
for example , vegf accelerates the development of neurons and neural dendritic and axon growth.
besides , vegf directly and acutely regulates the functions of multiple ion channels of the neuron membrane and changes neural excitability.
this review mainly focuses on neural activity and repair roles of vegf in adult mammalian brains.
as with pre- and post-operative dietary recommendations , evidence-based nutritional advice from healthcare professionals during and after cancer treatment is often vague or conflicting.
functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) is a powerful neuroimaging tool , which is often hampered by significant noise confounds.
there is evidence that our ability to detect activations in task fmri is highly dependent on the preprocessing steps used to control noise and artifact.
however , the vast majority of studies examining preprocessing pipelines in fmri have focused on young adults.
in comparison , data-driven methods of physiological noise correction show comparable benefits for both young and old cohorts.
using our optimization framework , we demonstrate that the optimal pipelines tend to be highly similar across age cohorts.
the choice of task contrast consistently shows a greater impact than the age cohort , for ( p , r ) metrics and activation overlap.
the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sex modulates the fmd response to acute aerobic exercise in older adults.
in conclusion , sex and exercise intensity influence the fmd response to acute aerobic exercise in older adults.
design : a nationwide register-based case-control study comparing 70-year-olds with and without schizophrenia.
setting : cases were drawn from the danish psychiatric central register.
age- and sex-matched controls were drawn from the general population via the civil registration system.
participants : all danish inhabitants who were diagnosed and registered with early onset schizophrenia in 1970-1979 and still alive at age @number@ years.
controls alive at age @number@ years.
measurements : chronic medical comorbidity , medications , and inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization extracted from danish healthcare registers.
focus on adequate medical treatment , in particular for cardiovascular disease , is needed.
future integration of psychiatric and general medical healthcare , especially outpatient care , might further optimize health outcomes for older adults with schizophrenia.
in contrast , the behavioral dyscontrol factor did not show specific neurobiologic correlates.
conclusion : symptoms encompassed within the agitation factor have distinct neurobiologic underpinnings.
the precipitants , course , and outcomes related to these symptoms may be unique from other neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic of ad.
moreover , it remains unclear if this intra-islet cell conversion is relevant to diseases like type @number@ diabetes ( t1d ) .
we show that the α cell regulators aristaless-related homeobox ( arx ) and dna methyltransferase @number@ ( dnmt1 ) maintain α cell identity in mice.
physiological studies demonstrated that converted α cells acquire hallmark β cell electrophysiology and show glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
our work reveals pathways regulated by arx and dnmt1 that are sufficient for achieving targeted generation of β cells from adult pancreatic α cells.
this article discusses the ways in which artists have incorporated or failed to incorporate the aging process of their bodies into their art.
spouses provide the majority of care for individuals with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
little is known about how these perspectives relate to the individual characteristics of either affected party.
this study investigated the experiences of dyads taking both approaches.
we found no significant differences between groups on patient cognitive or functional ability , or caregiver anxiety , depression , burden , or relationship satisfaction.
however , we / us caregivers expressed more positive aspects of caregiving than i / me caregivers.
caregivers taking a we / us approach , however , were able to identify more positive aspects of caregiving.
this may be related to mutual compassion , a characteristic of the we / us approach , which may be protective.
active ageing and successful ageing are ubiquitous concepts in contemporary societies.
in the european union , active ageing is monitored and promoted chiefly by the active ageing index , a policy tool in use since @number@
however , we note that despite being widely used and promoted , the active ageing index remains under-scrutinized.
in this article , we undertake a comprehensive critical analysis of the active ageing index.
we hope that this critical analysis will initiate a debate on the active ageing index that , in our view , is overdue.
interest in the practice of narrative care with older adults is continuing to grow ( kenyon & randall , @number@ ) .
concentrating on personal health and well-being has become a central objective for people living in wealthy societies.
the data consist of eight group interviews of finnish middle-agers ( 50-65years ) .
an understanding of dementia requires sensitivity to the complex breadth of factors that comprise the person's experiential and social context.
gender is one such factor of this ' social location ' that must be acknowledged.
cultural standards of masculinity have particular impacts upon men with the condition , thus generating distinctive challenges.
this article draws upon qualitative research that included joint interviews with @number@ men with dementia and their carers.
the analytical focus is on the perspectives of the men with dementia and the strategies with which they respond to the condition.
these perspectives are organised via four themes : remaining unmoved , fighting back , emphasising social contributions , and redefining services.
representations of the sexuality of older people have been largely absent in mainstream films until recent times.
cinema as an art form has historically denied or ignored the fact that humans are sexual beings their whole lives.
two of the films challenge the notion of a heteronormative old age.
relations between a person's age and at what age they think people enter later life were stronger for men than for women.
for every year they get older get older , men push up when they think people enter later life by @number@.24years , women by @number@.16years.
this study therefore aims at building our best practice to enhance the capacity of residential care homes in providing culturally appropriate end-of-life care.
furthermore , tumors may become more aggressive and drug-resistant with advanced age , leading to poor patient prognosis.
in this study , we evaluated in mice bearing medulloblastoma xenografts the effect of age on tumor progression and tumor therapy.
we demonstrated that tumor growth rate was higher and survival was lower in old versus young mice ( p < 0.05 ) .
likewise , tumors in old mice were less susceptible to either pld or rfa monotherapy.
thus far , no imaging tool exists to analyze the aging process of the hand.
three-dimensional ( 3d ) stereophotogrammetry is a reliable technique , which is used for other purposes in soft tissue analysis of the upper extremity.
this pilot study aimed to investigate the possibility of visualizing the hand aging process by 3d stereophotogrammetry.
differences in the aspect of the dorsum of the hands were quantified and visualized using two methods.
the first method quantified the smoothness of the old and young dorsa.
the second method visualized the differences between an average young and old hand by creating a color-coded distance map.
the distance map resulting from the second method showed a relative volume loss in the intermetacarpal spaces of the average old hand.
these differences were not present when male hands were compared with female hands.
the accelerated hydrothermal aging testing ( at @number@ °c , 2-bars pressure ) was conducted up to @number@ h.
according to astm standard , 1-h aging under these conditions corresponds approximately to @number@ yrs in vivo exposure.
confocal raman and fluorescence spectroscopy were applied to quantify surface tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of zirconia and surface stresses in the amc head.
the mehl-avrami-johnson ( maj ) theory was applied , which allowed modeling the micromechanisms of nucleation and growth of monoclinic sites during the transformation process.
the obtained results were compared to those of monolithic zirconia ( 3y-tzp ) femoral heads.
in addition , the stress accumulation in the amc head was restricted at a quite low level throughout the aging simulation.
to achieve these goals requires concerted efforts of a collaborative network of academic , community , and public health organizational partnerships.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) is a neurotrophin essential for neuronal development and survival , synaptic plasticity , and cognitive function.
dysregulation of bdnf signaling is involved in several neurodegenerative disorders , including alzheimer's disease.
alteration of metal ion homeostasis is observed both in normal aging and in many neurodegenerative diseases.
interestingly , there is a significant overlap between brain areas characterized by metal ion dyshomeostasis and those where bdnf exerts its biological activity.
therefore , it is reasonable to speculate that metal ions , especially zinc , can modulate the activity of bdnf.
central nervous system networks are effectively maintained through aging by neuroprotective and neuroplasticity signaling mechanisms which are predominantly controlled by neurotrophin receptor signaling.
declining functionality of the neurotrophin ligand-receptor system is considered one of the hallmarks of neuropathological aging.
therefore , it is imperative to develop effective therapeutic strategies to contend with this significant issue.
background : the concept of antioxidant therapies assumes high importance as oxidative stress is associated with cardiovascular aging via endothelial dysfunction.
this review focuses on exploring the interaction between nrf-2 and adma in influencing the nitric oxide pathway and cardiovascular function.
objective : a systematic review of literature from @number@ to @number@ was conducted using pubmed and google scholar.
the resulting decrease of adma would in turn enhance nitric oxide ( no ) production.
this would support endothelial function by adequate no production and homeostasis of endothelial function.
conclusion : as no production has many positive pleiotropic effects in the cardiovascular system , such an interaction could be utilized for designing molecular therapeutics.
the targets for therapy need not be limited to activation of nrf-2.
modulation of molecules downstream such as ddah i can be used to regulate adma levels.
most current literature is supported by animal studies.
the concept of antioxidant therapies needs to be tested in well-defined randomized control trials.
the biochemical basis of nrf-2 activation needs to be substantiated in human studies.
we recently reported genome-wide data on human core promoter strs that are \ "exceptionally long \ " ( ≥6-repeats ) .
near the top of the list , the neuron-specific gene , rit2 , contains one of the longest ga-strs at 11-repeats.
in the present study , we analyzed the evolutionary implications of this str across species.
we also studied this str in a sample of @number@ iranian human subjects that encompassed a number of neuropsychiatric disorders and controls.
we report that this ga repeat is functional and different lengths of the repeat result in significant alteration in gene expression activity.
the 11-repeat allele was human specific and the sole allele detected in @number@ unrelated iranian individuals randomly selected and sequenced from our control pool.
preparations containing sodium phosphate are generally not recommended for the elderly because of increased renal complications.
over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the idea that epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) may be active in copd.
here we review the evidence for emt in copd as well as the current progress being made on understanding the drivers and mechanisms involved.
finally , we discuss the potential benefits that understanding emt may bring to the field of chronic respiratory disease.
connective tissues primarily contain collagen and proteoglycans and play an important role in skin ageing.
conclusion : both experiments showed that gs has a positive effect on epidermal and dermal markers associated with age.
we also report the psychometric properties of this assessment.
reliability and validity analyses comparing observer ratings for each group activity on the individual-level measures of attendance and engagement showed good psychometric properties.
different measures collected on a group level differed with respect to their psychometric quality.
we present a theoretical framework to understand group engagement and present measures that could be used in future research and practice.
this study measured the effect of a wearable camera , sensecam , on older and younger adults ' memories of recently experienced everyday events.
participants used sensecam to prospectively sample events from a typical week , which they recalled two weeks later.
in the control condition , older and younger adults ' memories were comparably episodic , but older adults recalled more semantic details.
aim : to evaluate the prevalence of recurrent falls and their risk factors among older men living in the veterans homes in taiwan.
conclusion : urinary incontinence and depressive symptoms were independent associated factors for falls among older men living in the retirement communities.
however , urinary incontinence was associated with recurrent falls , but not single falls.
intervention study is needed to reduce recurrent falls through management of urinary incontinence.
aims : to examine the association between diabetes and disability in older australians and to identify factors that explain this association.
methods : we analysed data from a subsample of the australian diabetes , obesity and lifestyle study ( ausdiab ) cohort.
there was no association between baseline prediabetes and disability [ or = 1.27 ( @percent@ ci @number@.91-1.78 ) ] .
bmi and cardiometabolic factors together explained @percent@ of the diabetes-associated odds of disability at 12years.
with the aging population and rising incidence of primary total joint arthroplasty has come the increasing incidence of revision total hip arthroplasties.
one challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty is dealing with acetabular defects.
initial assessment requires appropriate use and interpretation of imaging modalities such as x-rays and computed tomography.
preoperative planning presupposes knowledge of available approaches and implant options , such as porous coated jumbo cups , modular augments , and cup-cage constructs.
surgical execution necessitates experience in the indications for each type of implant for various types of defects.
this review will aid in the understanding of each step of the diagnosis and treatment of acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty.
calf hypertrophy and selective fatty replacement of the adductor magnus and gastrocnemius muscles were prominent clinical and muscle imaging features.
background : sdd has been shown to be safe after elective , low-risk pci.
however , the feasibility and safety of sdd in more complex patients and lesions has received limited study.
methods : we retrospectively reviewed @number@ elective pcis that were performed between @date@ and @date@ at the red cross general hospital.
among the patients who underwent complex pci ( n = 166 ) , twenty eight ( @percent@ ) were discharged the same day.
sdd after complex pci was associated with younger age and more frequent use of forearm access.
conclusions : sdd is feasible and safe in selected patients undergoing elective complex pci using the forearm approach.
nasu-hakola disease ( nhd ) is a rare disease characterized by bone cysts and fractures , frontal lobe syndrome , and progressive presenile dementia.
nhd may be the prototype of primary microglial disorders of the cns or , as they have been coined , \ "microgliopathies \ ".
mutations in trem2 and tyrobp genes are known to cause nhd.
here , we report a 33-year-old greek female with phenotype suggestive of nhd.
this report extends the range of trem2 mutations that cause nhd phenotype.
the accreditation council for graduate medical education approved the training requirements in @number@
the majority of graduates seeks and obtains abpn certification , and the majority of those who were fellowship trained have maintained certification.
it is not clear whether more favorable medicare reimbursement rates for those certified in geriatric psychiatry would increase the numbers seeking fellowship training.
reprogramming cell fates towards pluripotent stem cells and other cell types has revolutionized our understanding of cellular plasticity.
during the last decade , transcription factors and micrornas have become powerful reprogramming factors for modulating cell fates.
recently , many efforts are focused on reprogramming cell fates by non-viral and non-integrating chemical approaches.
here we will focus on chemical approaches for generating induced pluripotent stem cells , neurons , cardiomyocytes , hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells.
the regulatory processes that shape the platelet transcriptome and the full scope of platelet translation have remained elusive.
we use rna-seq of synchronized populations of in vitro-derived platelet-like particles to show that mrna decay strongly shapes the nascent platelet transcriptome.
our data suggest that the decay of platelet mrnas is slowed by the natural loss of the mrna surveillance and ribosome rescue factor pelota.
we modeled associations using unweighted and weighted scores with estimates derived from the literature.
background : research has recently suggested that retirement may decrease cognitive engagement , resulting in cognitive aging.
few studies have systematically documented whether or how selectivity into retirement shapes the relationship between retirement and cognitive aging.
longitudinal regression discontinuity modeling was used to examine performance and decline in episodic memory.
models differentiated three forms of selection bias : indirect and direct selection as well as reverse causation.
to further interrogate the disuse hypothesis , we adjust for confounding from health and socioeconomic sources.
however , accounting for observed selection biases , significant associations were found linking longer retirement with more rapid cognitive decline.
discussion : this study examined respondents who were in the labor force at baseline and transitioned into retirement.
results are supportive of the view that retirement is associated with more rapid cognitive aging.
we summarized and evaluated the effect of n-3 fatty acids and meddiet on cognitive outcomes in a cognitively healthy aged population.
observational studies and randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) were considered.
adherence to the meddiet was also significantly associated with better cognitive performance and less cognitive decline.
conclusions : studies suggest that n-3 fatty acids in the diet and adherence to the meddiet are beneficial in slowing age-related cognitive decline.
however , more high-quality rcts would be useful to clarify the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplements on cognition.
methods : statistical analysis alone , although necessary , may not always represent the practical significance of the intervention.
thus , to ascertain the true economic impact of the intervention , the statistical results can be integrated into the budget impact analysis.
the study period was @number@ to @number@
with a successful intervention , this figure should drop to @percent@.
the statistical analysis , however , showed no significant differences in costs either in primary care or in hospital care between @number@ and @number@
the real costs in @number@ were by far closer to those in the conventional scenario than to the reductions expected in the objective scenario.
the present implementation should be reappraised , because the present expenditure did not move closer to the objective budget.
conclusions : this work demonstrates the capacity of budget impact analysis to enhance the implementation of complex interventions.
its integration in the context of the continuous improvement cycle is transferable to other contexts in which implementation depth and time are important.
objective : nonmotor symptoms ( nmss ) are common in parkinson disease ( pd ) , affecting patient's quality of life.
the prevalence and domains of nmss in untreated de novo pd remains unclear , especially comparing to normal aging.
the objective was to determine nmss in untreated de novo pd patients.
mood / cognition , attention / memory and gastrointestinal domains are the most frequent in pd patients and rarely seen in controls.
conclusion : nmss in untreated de novo pd patients are more prevalent and severe with different domain involvement comparing to normal aging.
survival for patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia ( aml ) has increased during the past two decades.
however , socioeconomic disparities may affect survival for some patient populations.
we examine survival by insurance type for patients with aml.
one , 3- , and 5-year survival was lower for patients with no insurance and medicaid than for patients with other insurance.
five-year survival estimates were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively , for patients with medicaid , no insurance , and other insurance.
similar results were seen in all ages and both genders.
patients with no insurance or medicaid have lower survival expectations after diagnosis with aml than patients with other insurance.
background : the impending public health impact of alzheimer's disease is tremendous.
physical activity is a promising intervention for preventing and managing alzheimer's disease.
however , there is a lack of evidence-based public health messaging to support this position.
methods : a messaging statement was developed using the agree-ii instrument as guidance.
results : the evidence base consisted of seven systematic reviews focused on alzheimer's disease prevention and @number@ reviews focused on symptom management.
researchers , clinicians , people with alzheimer's disease and caregivers are encouraged to adopt the messaging statement and the recommendations in the companion informational resource.
methods : we obtained incident ed status and participant data for @number@ men ( age 57-85 ) .
the long-term interactions between hiv infection , treatment , and cmd remain to be elucidated in the african population.
the haalsi cohort was established to investigate the impact of these interactions on cmd morbidity and mortality among middle-aged and older adults.
methods : we recruited randomly selected adults aged @number@ or older residing in the rural agincourt sub-district in mpumalanga province.
results : five thousand fifty nine persons ( @percent@ male ) were enrolled with a mean age of @number@ ± @time@ years.
blood pressure was similar for men and women with a combined hypertension prevalence of @percent@ and statistically significant increases were observed with increasing age.
high total cholesterol prevalence in women was twice that observed for men ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ) .
the hiv conclusions : this cohort has high cmd risk based on both traditional risk factors and novel markers like hscrp.
these milder forms of hand are often associated with minimal histological abnormalities , and their pathophysiology is unclear.
there were no significant associations between liver and brain pathologies.
although hiv + subjects had more cirrhosis , liver pathology was not associated with any consistent pattern of brain pathology.
the present study was a first look at the ontogenetic pattern of dream content across the lifespan for men.
the last age group included @number@ participants , totaling @number@ males.
one dream per participant was scored by two independent judges using content analysis.
trend analysis was used to determine the lifespan-developmental pattern of the dream content categories.
results demonstrated a predominance of aggressive dream imagery in the adolescent age group in line with social-developmental research.
these patterns of dream imagery reflect the waking developmental patterns as proposed by social theories and recognized features of aging.
limitations and suggestions for future research , including the examining of the developmental pattern of gender differences across the lifespan , are discussed.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a common neurodegenerative disease whose pathological hallmark is the accumulation of intracellular α-synuclein aggregates in lewy bodies.
lipid metabolism dysregulation may play a significant role in pd pathogenesis ; however , large plasma lipidomic studies in pd are lacking.
each lipid species was analyzed using a logistic regression model.
the plasma concentrations of two lipid subclasses , triglycerides and ( gm3 ) , were different between pd and control participants.
our results suggest that higher plasma gm3 levels are associated with pd.
gm3 lies in the same glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway as glccer , a substrate of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase , which has been associated with pd.
these findings are consistent with previous reports implicating lower glucocerebrosidase activity with pd risk.
background : discrepancies have been reported in the prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome ( rls ) among different ethnic groups and geographic populations.
furthermore , there are disagreements on determinant factors and associated comorbidities of rls.
we aimed to estimate prevalence of rls and investigate its associated comorbid conditions and risk factors in a large population-based door-to-door survey.
results : in total , @number@ individuals were positively screened for rls resulting in a standardized prevalence rate of @number@.0 / 1000.
there was a gradual increase in rls prevalence by advancing age , however , sex difference disappeared after adjustment.
it is recommended to screen individuals with either these comorbid conditions for rls or the ones with rls for the accompanying diseases.
introduction : hydrocephalus is a complex neurological disorder with a pervasive impact on the central nervous system.
two comparative groups were included : age-matched controls and children with other neurological diseases.
demographic parameters , ventricular frontal-occipital horn ratio , associated brain malformations , genetic alterations , and surgical treatments were recorded.
logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the association of each csf protein with chc.
the degree of connectivity between different network nodes is described by the so-called link strength.
based on polysomnographic recordings ( psgs ) , it could be shown that the network changes with the sleep stage.
here , we apply the method to a large set of healthy controls spanning six decades of age.
we find moderate dependencies of the network on gender.
higher link strengths are found in men consistently in cardio-cerebral links in n2 , but not significant.
age dependency is more pronounced.
in particular a significant overall weakening of the network with age is found for wakefulness and non-rem sleep stages.
the largest overall decrease is observed in n2 with @number@ per decade.
for individual links decrease rates up to @number@ per decade are found , in particular for intra-brain links in non-rem sleep.
many of them show a significant decrease with age.
the small gtpase rheb was originally detected as an immediate early response protein whose expression was induced by nmda-dependent synaptic activity in the brain.
the subcellular localization of rheb and its interacting proteins critically regulate its activity and function.
this review addresses cell type- and cell state-specific function ( s ) of rheb and mainly focuses on neurons and their surrounding glial cells.
mechanisms will be discussed in the context of therapy that interferes with rheb's activity using the antibiotic rapamycin or low molecular weight compounds.
the emotional processing of musical excerpts following stroke has been relatively unexplored.
objective : the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic stroke on the recognition of basic emotions in music.
results : both stroke groups were significantly poorer than normal controls for the meb total score and its subtests ( p < @number@ ) .
negative correlations were found between age and meb scores for all groups , particularly the nc and rbd groups.
conclusion : our findings indicated that stroke affecting the auditory cerebrum can cause acquired amusia with greater severity in rbd than lbd.
these results supported the \ "valence hypothesis \ " of right hemisphere dominance in processing negative emotions.
the purpose of our article is to assess the latest developments in neurotransmitters research using cell and mouse models of ad.
we also updated the current status of clinical trials using neurotransmitters ' agonists / antagonists in ad.
apoe data were available for a subgroup of almost @number@ subjects.
methods : genotyping for rs1801133 was performed with pcr-rflp techniques.
all these associations survived after corrections for age , gender , and multiple testing.
methods : we investigated whether spinal pain increased the rate of all-cause and disease-specific cardiovascular mortality in older danish twins aged ≥70 years.
data from @number@ participants collected at baseline were linked with the danish cause of death registry with the study ending on @date@ .
analyses were also adjusted for confounders ; baseline physical functional ability and depressive symptoms.
competing risk regression models determined the rate of cardiovascular mortality , adjusting for similar confounders and using the total sample only.
after adjusting for confounders ( physical functional ability and depressive symptoms ) , the association became non-significant.
all intra-pair analyses were statistically non-significant , although greater in magnitude for monozygotic twins.
conclusions : older people reporting spinal pain have @percent@ increased risk of mortality per years lived but the connection is not causal.
we found no association between spinal pain and cardiovascular-specific mortality.
the influence of shared familial factors is unlikely.
significance : older people reporting spinal pain have @percent@ increased risk of mortality per year lived.
however , this association is not likely to be causal , with the relevant confounders contributing to this relationship.
thus , pain in the spine may be part of a pattern of poor health , which increases mortality risk in the older population.
adult stem cells play a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and prevention of aging.
here , we use our model of chronological aging in primary human ascs to examine genome-wide transcriptional networks.
stem cells @number@ ; 35 : 1392-1401.
aims : we tested the association between social network characteristics and the number of chronic diseases in the elderly.
methods : a randomized sample of the elderly population of brescia , italy , was evaluated ( n = @number@ age ≥65 years ) .
we performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment , including information on socio-demographic variables ( family , friendships , and acquaintance contacts ) .
we measured each person's social network , i.e. , degree , efficiency , and variety.
results : the sample included @number@ women and @number@ men , mean age @number@ years.
the mean number of chronic diseases was @number@
a higher social network degree , i.e. , more social connections , was associated with fewer diseases.
conclusion : more healthy people tend to share certain characteristics of social networks.
our study indicates that it is important to look at diseases and health as complex phenomena , which requires integrating different levels of analysis.
purpose : informal caregivers of individuals with cancer may experience substantial burdens.
multivariable regression analyses examined whether activities performed by caregivers and supports for caregivers were associated with these burden scales.
caregiver provision of direct patient care activities was also associated with increased burden but improved relationships with patients.
use of caregiver supports showed mixed associations with burden.
this may assist in developing and evaluating intervention to decrease caregiver burden.
brain connectivity analyses using voxels as features are not robust enough for single-patient classification because of the inter-subject anatomical and functional variability.
to construct more robust features , voxels can be aggregated into clusters that are maximally coherent across subjects.
moreover , combining multi-modal neuroimaging and multi-view data integration techniques allows generating multiple independent connectivity features for the same patient.
both multi-view data models exhibited ensemble classification accuracies significantly above chance.
training the models only on patients , produced more than @percent@ patients correctly discriminated as als or pd type and maximal performances for multi-view models.
purpose of the review : the number of adults who are aging successfully and have hiv infection is increasing.
however , even at lower viral loads , chronic hiv infection appears to have consequences on aging processes , including the development of frailty.
recent findings : frailty is a term used to describe vulnerability in aging.
however , even among existing frailty definitions , components require rigorous and consistent standardization.
frailty indices should be systematically used by health professionals to evaluate health and future risks for adverse events.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2d ) and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are two of the most common diseases of aging around the world.
apart from being an accelerator of ad , t2d is associated with a progressive cognitive decline.
therefore , it is reasonable to postulate that these pathways are involved in the increased risk of dementia that occurs in the t2d population.
the main gaps that should be filled to achieve this objective are examined.
nevertheless , vad implantation remains a high-risk procedure with in-hospital mortality rates reaching up to @percent@ post-procedure and requires intensive upkeep even after successful implantation.
furthermore , end-of-life decisions are complicated by consideration of device deactivation in patients who may not die immediately from an otherwise lethal pathophysiology.
functional and structural neuroimaging data were acquired at baseline and @number@ weeks after treatment initiation.
in each session , participants selected stimuli , taken from standardized sets , based on their emotional valence.
no such changes were observed for patients under other antipsychotics.
the structural analysis showed no significant changes in the density of gray and white matter in ziprasidone-treated patients compared to patients receiving other antipsychotic treatments.
the kinematic performance of basic motor tasks shows a clear decrease with advancing age.
this study examined if the rules known from such tasks can be generalized to activities of daily living.
we examined the end-effector kinematics of @number@ young and @number@ elderly participants in the multi-step activity of daily living of tea-making.
furthermore , we analyzed bimanual behavior and hand dominance in the task using different conditions of execution.
the elderly sample took substantially longer to complete the activity ( almost @percent@ ) with longer trajectories compared with the young sample.
no differences were found regarding bimanual performance or hand dominance.
furthermore , it seems that not all of the rules known from basic motor tasks can be generalized to activities of daily living.
glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
this neurodegenerative disease becomes more prevalent with aging , but predisposing genetic and environmental factors also contribute to increased risk.
emerging evidence now suggests that epigenetics may also be involved , which provides potential new therapeutic targets.
further , cognitive function mediated through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( dlpfc ) also declines with age.
the advent of transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) combined with electroencephalography ( eeg ) has allowed for the assessment of functional neurotransmission in vivo.
in 2006-2007 two groups simultaneously reported the existence of a special pathway for maintaining epithelial polarity in the face of environmental stressors.
we demonstrate that metformin inhibits the increase in angiogenesis brought about by platelets in a mechanism that did not alter endothelial cell migration.
the enhancement of each of these parameters by platelets was abrogated by the present of metformin in the vast majority of cancer cell cultures tested.
neither metformin nor platelets altered proliferation ; however , metformin inhibited the increase in phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase induced by platelets.
however , the physiological and pathological functions of strem2 remain unknown.
here , we show that strem2 promotes microglial survival in a pi3k / akt-dependent manner and stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines depending on nf-κb.
variants of strem2 carrying ad risk-associated mutations were less potent in both suppressing apoptosis and triggering inflammatory responses.
method : we performed an interventional , prospective , before-after single-center study , approved by a research ethics committee.
we included @number@ smokers older than 18years old , who reported no intention to quit smoking , whatever they were visiting general practitioners for.
we performed spirometry and gave them their results , fev results : fifty-six percent were women with an average-age of @number@ who smoked @number@ pack-years.
bioactive compounds from natural sources , due to their widely-recognized benefits , have been exploited as cosmeceutical ingredients.
among them , phenolic acids emerge with a very interesting potential.
orange pomace ( op ) , a fiber-rich byproduct of juice production , has the potential for being formulated into a variety of food products.
we hypothesized that op would diminish postprandial glycemic responses to a high carbohydrate / fat breakfast and lunch.
lunch was consumed after the @number@.5-h blood draw.
this study examines the characteristics of neighborhood environments associated with fall injuries reported to ems providers.
negative binomial regression was used to identify significant census tract-based neighborhood environmental variables associated with the count of fall injuries in each census tract.
neighborhoods with higher residential density and having a higher vacancy rate were associated with increased count of fall injuries.
interest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber.
study design characteristics , fiber exposures , and outcome categories were summarized.
a sub-analysis described oligosaccharides and bacterial composition in greater detail.
one hundred eighty-eight relevant studies were identified.
short-chain fatty acid concentration ( @percent@ ) and bacterial composition ( @percent@ ) were the most frequently studied outcomes.
whole-diet interventions , measures of bacterial activity , and studies in metabolically at-risk subjects were identified as potential gaps in the evidence.
we hope that this evidence map will provide a resource for researchers to direct new intervention studies and meta-analyses.
falls are one of the most serious problems in the elderly.
this study investigated how the stability against backward balance loss is affected by aging and intensity of perturbations.
a compensatory step was necessary to regain stability.
the forward swing phase of the trailing leg was rapidly interrupted and reversed in direction.
although mitochondrial dysfunction is a consistent feature of alzheimer's disease in the brain and blood , the molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena are unknown.
further we show that mitochondrial dna copy number was unchanged suggesting no change in steady-state numbers of mitochondria.
design , setting and participants : @number@ newcastle residents aged @number@ years or more were invited to participate.
complete data for @number@ people were available for analysis.
main outcome measures : mean annual hospital bed-days , according to individual step count.
the disease-specific reductions were significant for admissions for cancer and diabetes , but not for cardiovascular disease.
when analysis was restricted to hospital admissions after the first @number@ years of follow-up , the difference was @number@ bed-days per person per year.
we therefore performed an ipd meta-analysis on the association between standardized serum 25 ( oh ) d and mortality.
this meta-analysis is registered at clinicaltrials.gov , number nct02438488.
we observed similar results for cardiovascular mortality , but there was no significant linear association between 25 ( oh ) d and cancer mortality.
it is of public health interest to evaluate whether treatment of vitamin d deficiency prevents premature deaths.
young adulthood is a critical developmental period for establishing life-long health behaviors.
however , too little attention has been paid to young adult health promotion.
the program comprised @number@ health lectures , @number@ events , and @number@ booths.
to monitor and evaluate the program , a cross-sectional postevent survey was conducted.
a convenience sample of @number@ university members who participated in the program was used.
participants positively evaluated most of the processes of the program activities and services.
we believe that our results would be useful for sharing information on the planning and implementation of future university health promotion programs.
therefore , research into therapeutic treatment alternatives or alleviation of these effects on skeletal muscle is of great importance.
ang- ( 1-7 ) , through its mas receptor , prevents or diminishes deleterious effects induced by skeletal muscle disease or injury.
a convenience sample of @number@ rural community-dwelling older adults , @number@ years and above , participated.
structural equation modeling ( sem ) was conducted to test a mediation model.
the hypothesized sem model was supported with adequate fit ( χ objectives : to investigate the relationship between vision and disability in the elderly.
the disabling impact of visual loss was significant for @number@ of the @number@ activities , when analyzed one by one.
public health implications.
further research , especially trials , is necessary to estimate the public health impact of such interventions.
in this review , we discuss the nature and impact of most relevant confounders.
we provide suggestions on how they can be considered to enhance the validity of cvd models in stem cell research.
acknowledging substantial and sometimes surprising effects of housing conditions , chronobiology , and intersex differences will further augment the translational value of animal models.
we finally discuss options for the implementation of high-quality functional and imaging readout protocols.
stem cells @number@ ; 35 : 1141-1153.
yet prp has not gained wide popularity in aesthetic surgery as a result of uncertainty surrounding objective clinical evidence.
methods : a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of platelet rich plasma in aesthetic surgery was performed.
data gathered included : prp application , study type , subject number , centrifugation , anticoagulation , activation , prp composition , and outcomes.
results : thirty-eight reports were identified.
the majority of studies ( @percent@ ) were case series without controls.
leucocytes were sparsely defined ( @percent@ ) .
the concentration of injected and / or baseline platelets was rarely clarified ( @percent@ ) .
the mechanism of activation was described in @number@ studies ( @percent@ ) , while anticoagulation was uncommonly elucidated ( @percent@ ) .
while most studies ( @percent@ ) claim effectiveness , objective measures were only utilized in @number@ studies ( @percent@ ) .
thus the method of prp preparation warrants increased attention.
an intriguing type of protective variant is buffering variants that protect against variants that have deleterious effects.
cases and controls were of european ancestry.
association tests of individual snps showed that super-seniors were less likely than controls to carry an apoeε4 allele or a haptoglobin hp2 allele.
interactions between apoe / foxo3 , apoe / cryl1 , and lpa / cryl1 did not remain significant after multiple testing correction.
in a network analysis of the candidate genes , lipid and cholesterol metabolism was a common theme.
apoe , hp , and cryl1 have all been associated with alzheimer's disease , the pathology of which involves lipid and cholesterol pathways.
age-related changes in lipid and cholesterol maintenance , particularly in the brain , may be central to healthy aging and longevity.
comorbidities had considerable effects on the development of postoperative ileus ( poi ) .
using the electronic hospitalization summary reports , we identified @number@ patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection from @number@ through @number@
logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of the acci score on the risk of prolonged poi.
these findings suggested that a higher acci score was an independent predictor of the development of prolonged poi.
the present experiment examined adult age differences in the production and monitoring of responses in dual-list free recall.
this deficit was especially pronounced under conditions of retroactive interference that occurred when participants recalled from list @number@ only.
method : adults ( n = @number@ ) with and without sbm completed working memory span and manipulation tasks , and an inhibitory control task.
a subset ( n = @number@ ) underwent structural mri.
effects of group , age , and their interaction on performance and select gray matter volumes were examined.
results : adults with sbm had significantly poorer working memory accuracy and overall inhibitory control performance than typical peers.
age negatively predicted inhibitory control.
group × age significantly interacted on span accuracy ; advanced age related to diminished performance in typical adults , but not in adults with sbm.
sbm related to disproportionately enlarged cortical and putamen and reduced hippocampus volumes.
group × age significantly interacted on cortical , but not subcortical gray matter volumes.
dorsolateral prefrontal , hippocampus , and putamen volumes negatively correlated with cognitive performance.
accelerated aging in cognitive control or subcortical gray matter was not supported in sbm.
however , reductions in anterior and posterior cortical regions were exacerbated in older adults with sbm compared with typical peers.
overall results supported persistent anomalous neurodevelopmental maturation across the life span in sbm that related to diminished cognitive control.
( psycinfo database record background : accumulating evidence points to the superiority of the moca over the mmse as a cognitive screening tool.
to facilitate the transition from the mmse to the moca in clinical and research settings , authors have developed mmse-moca conversion tables.
furthermore , the reliability and accuracy of mmse-moca conversion tables has not been properly evaluated.
we produced an mmse-moca conversion table using the equi-percentile method with log-linear smoothing.
we then cross-validated our conversion table with the adni dataset ( @number@ patients ) and evaluated its accuracy for future predictions.
results : the mmse-moca conversion table is consistent with previously published tables and has an intra-class correlation of @number@ with the adni sample.
the large width of @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) for a new prediction suggests questionable reliability for clinical use.
conclusion : in this study , we validated a conversion table between mmse and moca using a large multicenter sample.
our results suggest caution in interpreting the tables in heterogeneous clinical populations , as the mmse-moca relationship may be different across dementia subtypes.
this approach provides further information on autonomic control of blood pressure in women.
the incidence of both sinus node dysfunction ( snd ) and atrial fibrillation ( af ) increases with age.
snd and af frequently coexist.
likewise , they are often associated with cardiovascular diseases.
we found that phs1p promoted the activity of egf in vitro.
we then conducted a clinical trial in females over @number@ years of age , with visible signs of skin aging.
on the whole , our data suggest that phs1p displays a synergistic anti-aging effect together with egf , both in vitro and in vivo.
methods : we studied a @percent@ sample of medicare beneficiaries enrolled in medicare parts a , b and d and hospitalized for copd in @number@
we examined prescriptions filled for labds with or without icss ( labds±icss ) within @number@ days prior to and @number@ days after hospitalization.
primary outcome was the 30-day readmission rate between \ "users \ " and \ "nonusers \ " of labds±icss.
propensity score matching and sensitivity analysis were performed by limiting analysis to patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of copd ( aecopd ) .
among @number@ patients hospitalized for copd , @number@ ( @percent@ ) used labds±icss during the specified period.
objectives : the aim of this article was to identify the best predictors of distress suffered by family carers ( fcs ) of geriatric patients.
methods : a cross-sectional study of @number@ fc-geriatric patient dyads was conducted.
the set of explanatory variables comprised a wide range of sociodemographic and care-related attributes , including patient-related results from comprehensive geriatric assessments and disease profiles.
the statistical robustness of the observed relationships and the discriminative power of the model were verified with the cross-validation method.
results : the mean age of fcs was @number@ ( ±10.6 ) years , whereas that of geriatric patients was @number@ ( ±6.4 ) years.
despite the broad initial set of potential explanatory variables , only five predictors were jointly selected for the best statistical model.
conclusion : worse performance on the tug test was only the patient-related predictor of distress among the variables examined as contributors to the higher nioc.
enhancing the mobility of geriatric patients through suitably tailored kinesitherapeutic methods during their hospital stay may mitigate the burden endured by fcs.
through this model , we hope to provide a novel evaluation and management health index that can be utilized in various health care fields.
results : the principal component accounted for @percent@ in male and @percent@ in female of the total variance in the battery of five variables.
the correlation coefficient between corrected biological age and chronological age in males and females were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
demographic indicators forecast that by @number@ the elderly will account for about one-third of the global population.
however , this population tends to suffer difficulties with swallowing.
compounding of marketed products has been recognized as being responsible for an increased number of adverse events and medical errors.
in this article , the potential problems associated with the manipulation of authorized solid oral dosage forms are discussed.
the causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial , but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation.
although classically considered as harmful , it is now becoming increasingly clear that inflammation can also promote regeneration , if the appropriate context is provided.
here , we review the current knowledge on how acute inflammation is intertwined with axonal regeneration , an important component of cns repair.
after optic nerve or spinal cord injury , inflammatory stimulation and / or modification greatly improve the regenerative outcome in rodents.
lastly , we shed light on the impact of aging processes on the regenerative capacity in the cns of mammals and zebrafish.
no serious adverse effects were reported.
thus , cycles of a 5-day fmd are safe , feasible , and effective in reducing markers / risk factors for aging and age-related diseases.
cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) is a prevalent , neurological disease that significantly increases the risk of stroke and dementia.
here , we describe the work that has so far been carried out suggesting an interaction between ecs and oligodendrocytes in svd.
in both species , aging cannot operate as a mechanism facilitating natural selection because the pressure of this selection is strongly reduced due to
this study aimed to investigate dna repair genes expression in human lens cortex collected from age-related cortical cataract ( arcc ) and controls during surgery.
the expression levels of the genes were evaluated by xx genes microarray analysis.
the results were further confirmed by quantitative real-time pcr ( qrt-pcr ) .
using comet assay , we found the dna breaks in the lecs of arccs were obviously severer than that of controls.
the present data provide a global perspective on expression of dna repair genes that may contribute to cataract pathogenesis.
the dna damage and repair pathway might be an effective target to delay the onset of arc.
tumor cell metabolism is a promising target for various cancer treatments.
apart from aerobic glycolysis , cancer cell growth is dependent on glutamine ( gln ) supply , leading to their survival and differentiation.
gln deprivation decreased cell proliferation as expected , but did not induce remarkable cell death.
moreover , trail / gln deprivation upregulated the apoptotic sub-g objectives : autophagy constitutes a defense mechanism to overcome aging and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage.
several cytokines and transcription factors are linked to autophagy and play an important role in the degradative cascade in osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
cell therapy such as platelet rich plasma ( prp ) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for many diseases including oa.
however , its mechanism of action on improving cartilage repair remains to be determined.
methods : osteoarthritic chondrocytes were co-cultured with an increasing concentration of prp obtained from healthy donors.
the effect of prp on the proliferation of chondrocytes was performed using cell counting and wst8 proliferation assays.
autophagy , apoptosis and intracellular level of il-4 , il-10 , and il-13 were determined using flow cytometry analyses.
conclusion : these results suggest that prp could be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of oa.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : communities.
participants in the intervention group also received screening and follow-up for vision , polypharmacy , and environmental hazards.
participants in the control group received usual care prescribed by a physician and educational materials on falls prevention.
participants were assessed both after @number@ and @number@ months.
aim : to evaluate postmenopausal women's perceptions of vva and treatment options for symptoms in the women's empower survey.
methods : the rose research firm conducted an internet survey of female consumers provided by lightspeed global market insite.
women at least @number@ years of age who reported symptoms of vva and residing in the united states were recruited.
main outcome measures : survey results were compiled and analyzed by all women and by treatment subgroups.
results : respondents ( n = @number@ ) had a median age of @number@ years ( range = 45-90 ) .
many women ( @percent@ ) were not aware of vva or that it is a medical condition.
most never users ( @percent@ ) had never discussed their symptoms with a health care professional ( hcp ) .
when women spoke to an hcp about their symptoms , most ( @percent@ ) initiated the discussion.
overall , hcps only recommended vaginal estrogen therapy to @percent@ and oral hormone therapies to @percent@ of women.
conclusion : the women's empower survey showed that vva continues to be an under-recognized and under-treated condition , despite recent educational initiatives.
a disconnect in education , communication , and information between hcps and their menopausal patients remains prevalent.
kingsberg s , krychman m , graham s , et al.
the women's empower survey : identifying women's perceptions on vulvar and vaginal atrophy and its treatment.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 413-424.
introduction : postmenopausal women's knowledge about vulvar and vaginal atrophy ( vva ) and available treatment options has historically been inadequate.
recent direct-to-consumer marketing and educational efforts would have been expected to increase awareness and treatment options.
most women believed that vaginal symptoms are a normal part of aging and they just need to cope with the symptoms.
krychman m , graham s , bernick b , et al.
the women's empower survey : women's knowledge and awareness of treatment options for vulvar and vaginal atrophy remains inadequate.
j sex med @number@ ; 14 : 425-433.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
a 3-stage study was conducted to evaluate the genetic association between bdnf and ad.
data mining of the reported expression data , brain-imaging data , and biomarker data in ad patients was also performed to further validate the results.
we found a female-specific genetic association of rs6265 with ad and a gender-related messenger rna expression of bdnf in brain tissues of ad patients.
in addition , we observed a clear female-specific risk trend for the effect of rs6265 on ad endophenotypes.
our results clarified the available controversies regarding the role of rs6265 in ad and indicated that bdnf may be a female-specific risk gene for ad.
besides known age-related alterations like dna-methylation changes , metabolic adaptations have been recently linked to impaired skin function in elder humans.
together , we identified several age-dependent metabolic alterations that might affect cellular signaling , epidermal barrier function , and skin structure and morphology.
conclusions : our study provides a global resource on the metabolic adaptations and its transcriptional regulation during aging of human skin.
objective : patients aged ≥65 years requiring surgery for soft-tissue sarcoma are a concern in an aging society.
we aimed to reveal the association of clinical / geriatric factors with survival period or postoperative events in such patients who underwent surgery.
methods : we enrolled patients aged ≥65 years who underwent surgery for localized soft-tissue sarcoma at five institutions.
we retrospectively collected clinical / geriatric factors and laboratory data , and analyzed their association with outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses.
results : among the @number@ patients included , mean age at presentation was @number@ years.
surgical margin was r0 in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
the eastern cooperative oncology group performance status was ≥2 in @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
thirty patients ( @percent@ ) showed thinness ( body mass index < @time@ / cm2 ) .
high-sensitivity-modified glasgow prognostic score ≥1 was seen in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : negative surgical margin was associated with better survival.
coexisting conditions had an impact on outcomes in elderly soft-tissue sarcoma patients.
we also analyzed the interactions between lifestyle and these genes in influencing cognitive aging.
a total of @number@ taiwanese subjects aged over @number@ years from the taiwan biobank were analyzed.
mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) scores were performed for all subjects to evaluate cognitive functions.
our study indicates that the ad-associated genes may contribute to the risk of cognitive aging independently as well as through gene-gene and gene-lifestyle interactions.
background : malnutrition is one of the key issues affecting the health of older people ( > 65years ) .
with an aging population the problem is expected to increase further since the prevalence of malnutrition increases with age.
studies worldwide have identified that some older patients with good appetites do not receive sufficient nourishment because of inadequate feeding assistance.
mealtime assistance can enhance nutritional intake , clinical outcomes and patient experience.
the review also sought to identify and explore the perceptions and experiences of older adult patients and those involved with their care.
design : mixed methods systematic review.
relevant journals were hand-searched and reference lists from retrieved studies were reviewed.
the search was restricted to english language papers.
the key words used were words that described meal time assistance for adult patients in hospital units or rehabilitation settings.
extraction of data was undertaken independently by two reviewers.
a further two reviewers assessed the methodological quality against agreed criteria.
findings : twenty one publications covering @number@ studies were included.
three aggregated mixed methods syntheses were developed : @number@ ) mealtimes should be viewed as high priority.
2a ) nursing staff , employed mealtime assistants , volunteers or relatives / visitors can help with mealtime assistance.
2b ) social interaction at mealtimes should be encouraged.
@number@ ) communication is essential.
however , no firm conclusions can be drawn in respect to the most effective initiatives.
initiatives with merit include those that encourage social interaction.
any initiative that involves supporting the older patient ( > 65years ) at mealtimes is beneficial.
design : thirty post-menopausal female patients with bms ( @number@.0±5.0 years ) were included.
clinical and psychological evaluations were performed and the expression level of oral mucosal epithelial muc1 was analyzed.
results : salivary progesterone level had significant positive correlations with oral mucosal epithelial muc1 expression level and with salivary cortisol and dhea levels.
cortisol level in uws and cortisol / dhea ratio in uws and sws had negative correlations with severity of oral burning sensation significantly.
the severity of taste disturbance had positive correlations with results from psychometry significantly.
conclusion : dysregulated psychoendocrinological interactions might affect oral mucosal muc1 expression and severity of oral burning sensation in post-menopausal bms patients.
accumulation of brain iron has been suggested as a biomarker of neurodegeneration.
increased iron has been seen in the cerebral cortex in postmortem studies of neurodegenerative diseases and healthy aging.
until recently , the diminutive thickness of the cortex and its relatively low iron content have hampered in vivo study of cortical iron accumulation.
the cortex was automatically segmented and parcellated , and phase shift was analyzed using an in-house developed method.
we found a significant increase in phase shift with age in @number@ of @number@ cortical regions , concurrent with current understanding of cortical iron accumulation.
our findings suggest that increased cortical iron content can be assessed in healthy aging in vivo.
background : mice models suggest epigenetic inheritance induced by parental allergic disease activity.
however , we know little of how parental disease activity before conception influences offspring's asthma and allergy in humans.
adjusted relative risk ratios ( arrr ) for associations of parental clinical outcome with offspring allergic disease were estimated with multinomial logistic regressions.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection sometimes causes large expansions of cmv-specific t cells , particularly in older people.
this is believed to undermine immunity to other pathogens and to accelerate immunosenescence.
we were concerned that this narrow approach might have skewed our understanding of cmv-specific immunity at older ages.
age-associated decline in muscle function represents a significant public health burden.
lean mass correlated positively with 1α , 25 ( oh ) 2d3 ( rho = @number@ p = @number@ ) , in women.
serum 25ohd3 and @number@ , 25 ( oh ) 2d3 were also correlated with urinary steroid metabolites , suggesting a link with glucocorticoid metabolism.
estrogen actions on serum lipids mostly occur through its binding to intracellular estrogen receptor alpha ( eralpha ) isoform , expressed in most of tissues.
in addition , we aimed to associate presence of these snps to development of bc along @number@ years period.
no effects of pvuii snp on esr1 gene were observed on patient´s serum t-chol , tl , ldl , hdl , and tg.
on the other hand , statistically significant effect of xbai c454-351a > g snp on serum tg and tl levels.
patients homozygous for x allele were followed up from 2010-2015.
they showed higher incidence of breast cancer ( bc ) when compared to either heterozygous and any p allele combination.
also , this paper shows another link between obesity and bc corroborating the current thesis that both diseases are interlinked.
ageing is a complex process characterised by a systemic and progressive deterioration of biological functions.
using age as a continuous variable , @number@ peptides significantly correlated with age in mice were identified.
in mice and humans , a decrease in urinary excretion of fibrillar collagens and an increase of uromodulin fragments was observed with advanced age.
of the @number@ peptides correlating with age , @number@ had a strong homology to the respective human age-related peptides.
additionally , the ageing classifier depicted that telomerase knock-out mice were older than their chronological age.
hence , with a focus on ortholog urinary peptides mouse ageing can be translated to human ageing.
epigenetics provides an important layer of information on top of the dna sequence and is essential for establishing gene expression profiles.
extensive studies have shown that nuclear dna methylation and histone modifications influence nuclear gene expression.
however , it remains unclear whether mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) undergoes similar epigenetic changes to regulate mitochondrial gene expression.
recently , it has been shown that mtdna is differentially methylated in various diseases such as diabetes and colorectal cancer.
interestingly , this differential methylation was often associated with altered mitochondrial gene expression.
however , the direct role of mtdna methylation on gene expression remains elusive.
this review discusses the role of mtdna methylation and potential epigenetic-like modifications of tfam with respect to mtdna transcription and replication.
unraveling mitochondrial gene expression regulation could open new therapeutic avenues for mitochondrial diseases.
background : two-stage facial reanimation procedures with a cross-facial nerve graft often have unsatisfactory results in the older patient.
this study attempts to characterize the relationship between age and facial nerve axonal load.
methods : sixty-three fresh cadaveric heads were dissected to expose the facial nerve.
nerve samples were stained and quantified.
correlation analysis was completed using a pearson correlation coefficient.
the authors previously suggested this location as significant for cross-facial nerve coaptation.
these results propose that decreasing axonal load can be a factor in the unsatisfactory outcomes of cross-facial grafting in the aging population.
moreover , this underscores the importance of recruiting more donor axons in attempting to improve facial reanimation in the older patient.
there have been extensive studies on the roles of dna methylation in cancers , and several cancer drugs were developed targeting this process.
however , dna co-methylation cluster has not been examined in depth , and co-methylation in multiple cancer types has never been studied previously.
objectives : to determine the effect and cost-effectiveness of training nonnursing staff to provide feeding assistance for nutritionally at-risk nursing home ( nh ) residents.
design : randomized , controlled trial.
setting : five community nhs.
participants : long-stay nh residents with an order for caloric supplementation ( n = @number@ ) .
intervention : research staff provided an 8-hour training curriculum to nonnursing staff.
trained staff were assigned to between-meal supplement or snack delivery for the intervention group ; the control group received usual care.
measurements : research staff used standardized observations and weighed-intake methods to measure frequency of between-meal delivery , staff assistance time , and resident caloric intake.
results : fifty staff ( mean @number@ per site ) completed training.
the intervention costs were $ 1.27 per person per day higher than usual care ( p < @number@ ) .
the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the intervention was @number@ kcal per dollar.
objectives : to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of nursing home ( nh ) use after implantable ( icd ) implantation.
design : cohort study.
setting : medicare beneficiaries in the national cardiovascular data registry-icd registry.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older receiving icds between @date@ , and @date@ ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : nearly one in five individuals are admitted to nhs over a median of @number@ years of follow-up after icd implantation.
understanding these outcomes may help inform the clinical care of these individuals.
among the strategies to prevent ipd and pp , vaccination has its place , although vaccination coverage in this group is lower than desirable.
nowadays , there are @number@ vaccines available for adults.
a commitment was made about updating it if new scientific evidence became available.
we present an exhaustive revised document focusing mainly in recommendation by age in which some more scientific societies have been involved.
the identification of risk factors for accelerated mq decline may offer clues to identity the underpinning physiological mechanisms and indicate targets for prevention and treatment.
mq was operationalized as ratio between knee-extension isokinetic strength and ct-thigh muscle cross-sectional area.
metastatic colorectal cancer ( mcrc ) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.
unfortunately , elderly patients ( ≥65 years ) often go untreated and they are also under-represented in clinical trials.
the evidence supporting the administration of new targeted therapies in patients older than @number@ years is scarce and more research is needed.
we conducted an experiment to evaluate the ability of @number@ younger and older adults to visually perceive distances in an outdoor setting.
the stimulus distances were presented within a @number@ m × @number@ m portion of a grassy field.
fifty-eight percent of the variance in the observers ' perceived distance ratios could thus be accounted for by variations in the actual stimulus ratios.
about half of the observers significantly underestimated the distance ratios , while the judgments of the remainder were essentially accurate.
studies suggest that aging affects the sensory re-weighting process , but the neuroimaging evidence is minimal.
functional near-infrared spectroscopy ( fnirs ) is a novel neuroimaging tool that can detect brain activities during dynamic movement condition.
these findings suggest a cortical component to sensory re-weighting that is more distributed and requires greater attention in older adults.
background and purpose : we tested the hypothesis that posterior brain arteries differ pathologically from anterior brain arteries and that this difference varies with age.
posterior brain arteries had thinner walls , less elastin , and more concentric intima thickening than anterior brain arteries.
in younger individuals , vertebral artery calcifications were more likely than calcification in anterior brain arteries , but this difference attenuated with age.
conclusions : posterior brain arteries differ pathologically from anterior brain arteries in the degree of wall thickening , elastin loss , and concentric intimal thickening.
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic autoimmune disease , and the most common cause of nontraumatic disability in young people.
the etiology of this disease is not well defined yet.
cytokines play an important role in differentiation , maturation and survival of a wide range of cells , including cells of the immune system.
suppressor of cytokine signaling ( socs ) proteins are the most important regulators of this cytokine signaling pathway.
however , a significant positive correlation was observed between expression levels of socs genes.
this study shows that loss of balance among various members of the socs family proteins may contribute to pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
acute psychosocial stress activates the physiological and endocrine stress systems and increases the subjective emotional experience of stress.
@number@ healthy men and women received dexamethasone ( 2mg ) the day before , and propranolol ( 80mg ) one hour before psychosocial stress induction.
a control group ( n = 24 ) received placebo pills on each occasion.
salivary cortisol , alpha-amylase and heart-rate responses to stress were assessed before , during and after stress induction.
subjective stress , mood , and state self-esteem assessments were made before and after stress.
in the pharmacological manipulation group , subjects demonstrated no increase in autonomic or endocrine stress response , after exposure to psychosocial stress.
despite these effects , the emotional stress experience was intact in this group and identical to the control group.
our findings suggest that at least acutely , the physiological stress arousal systems and the emotional experience of stress are dissociated.
purpose : microaneurysms , considered a hallmark of retinal vascular disease , are present in aged retinas.
here , the basement membrane of human retinal microaneurysms has been analyzed during aging.
methods : retinas were obtained from @number@ nondiabetic donors.
whole mount retinas and paraffin sections were marked immunohistochemically with antibodies against the main components of the blood basement membrane.
trypsin digestion and transmission electron microscopy also were performed.
results : small microaneurysms presented increased expression of collagen iv , laminin , fibronectin , nidogen , and perlecan , along with basement membrane thickening.
unexpectedly , crosslinked fibrils of collagen iii , a type of collagen absent in retinal capillaries , were found specifically in small microaneurysms.
this was parallel to enhanced lysyl oxidase-like ( loxl ) @number@ and @number@ expression.
large microaneurysms showed diminution of protein content , as well as disorganization , in their basement membrane.
this was concomitant with an increased expression of matrix-metalloproteinase ( mmp ) -9 and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( pai ) -1.
pericyte coverage declined between small and large microaneurysms.
objectives : to describe incidence and lethality time trends rates of pancreatic cancer ( pc ) in brazil.
methods : data from brazilian health national public system ( sus ) were retrospectively collected with regard to pc from @date@ to @date@ .
pancreatic cancer incidence and lethality rates were estimated from sus hospitalizations and in-hospital pc deaths and adjusted to total available hospital beds.
results : from @number@ to @number@ a total of @number@ admissions for pc were registered in brazil.
the greatest incidence rates increase ( @percent@ ) occurred in the northeast , a less developed region that has recently achieved significant economic advances.
dynamic changes were observed , notably a shift to increasing pc incidence in rural areas.
lethality rates increased from mean @percent@ to @percent@ , the highest rates registered in those @number@ years or older.
conclusions : overall increase trends in pc incidence and lethality were observed.
pancreatic cancer remains an urban disease in brazil , the highest incidence found in the most developed regions as in large metropolitan integrated municipalities.
improvement in diagnosis , notification quality , a rapidly aging population , and a great demographic dynamism could in part explain this fact.
individuals reported complex medical needs in addition to their hiv and noted difficulty discerning whether symptoms were associated with hiv or aging.
although reported medication adherence rates were high , participants also cited several barriers to maintaining adherence.
more recently , the contribution of an altered nasal microbiome to the development of crs has also been proposed.
however , the impact of aging on the development of crs has been long overlooked.
here we propose , in a hypothesis piece , that aging can influence the physiopathology of crs and its subsequent management in an elderly population.
methods review of recent literature of the effect of aging and its possible effects in crs using @number@ different databases.
ultimately , these changes could have the potential to alter the physiopathology of crs in the elderly.
studies show that the blood-brain barrier is altered in animal models of epilepsy and in epileptic patients.
this approach can be extended to other blood-brain barrier proteins that might contribute to drug-resistant epilepsy or other cns disorders as well.
the specimens were randomly divided into @number@ groups according to the aging conditions ( n = @number@ ) : @number@
specimens were sections into beams and the μtbs was tested.
the chi-squared test was used to compare the distribution of failure modes ( p < @number@ ) .
results : aging conditions and adhesives significantly affected μtbs ( p < @number@ ) .
the co group showed no difference between materials and had highest μtbs.
after ws , the self-etch adhesive showed higher μtbs than did the etchand- rinse adhesive.
ml resulted in lower μtbs for both adhesives.
materials ( p < @number@ ) and aging ( p < @number@ ) significantly influenced the distribution of failure modes.
sem analysis showed that specimens submitted to ws or ml showed features of degradation and fatigue at the fractured interface , depending on the adhesive.
introduction : ovarian fibroma is a benign stromal tumour composed of spindle / ovoid fibroblastic cells producing collagen.
approximally @percent@ of fibromas are densely cellular with small amount of collagen.
in these cases , if mild nuclear atypia is present , they are best addressed as cellular fibroma.
however cellular fibroma may show a greater mitotic activity and therefore they should be referred as mitotically active cellular fibromas.
mostly benign , it is necessary to differentiate them from malignant tumours such as fibrosarcomas.
results : we described the clinical , radiological and pathological characteristics of our case and we make a comparison of what previously described in literature.
discussion : the differential diagnosis among those entities is based on the microscopic features such as atypia and the number of mitoses.
in fact , the prognosis is not certain , due to the possible recurrence , especially if not completely excised.
the increase in air pollution over the years has had major effects on the human skin.
air pollutants damage the skin by inducing oxidative stress.
exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been associated with extrinsic skin aging and skin cancers.
cigarette smoke contributes to premature aging and an increase in the incidence of psoriasis , acne and skin cancers.
it is also implicated in allergic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and eczema.
polyaromatic hydrocarbons are associated with extrinsic skin aging , pigmentation , cancers and acneiform eruptions.
volatile organic compounds have been associated with atopic dermatitis.
given the increasing levels of air pollution and its detrimental effects on the skin , it is advisable to use strategies to decrease air pollution.
several factors can force retirees to go to paid work.
catastrophic health-care expenditure ( chce ) is one of the driving forces for retirees to go to paid work.
this cross-sectional study was based on @number@ iran retirees ' data.
xu method was used to calculate chce , and a logit model was estimated to show the association between chce and bridge employment.
other control variables were added to the model.
the findings showed that there was positive relationship between chce and bridge employment.
retirement pension had negative relationship with work after retirement.
prevalence of work after retirement was higher in people who lived in rural region and increased due to increase in household size.
the financial constraint was the main pushing factor for the retiree to go to paid work.
historical events and personal experiences have the potential to alter the way people age.
data collected between @number@ and @number@ revealed a significant increase in mean depressive symptoms.
compared with the incident depression group , those with remitted depression were less likely to report having lost a job or experienced a major illness.
attachment-based theories and related research illustrate that emotion regulation develops in the context of a secure relationship between a child and caregiver.
emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relation between betrayal trauma history and negative communication.
the clinical and developmental implications from these findings are discussed.
this study investigated the relationship between childhood misfortune and 10-year change in health and whether this relationship was mediated by the quality of social relations.
childhood misfortune was measured at time @number@ using indicators of financial strain , family structure , and abuse.
self-rated physical and mental health indicators were obtained at both occasions.
mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are responsible for the generation of most of the cell's energy.
mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cellular senescence in general and ovarian aging in particular.
a cross-sectional study was designed to assess age-related differences in activity of trunk extensors during forward bending and backward return.
sixty asymptomatic individuals were recruited to form five gender-balanced age groups between @number@ and @number@ years old.
participants completed two sets of trunk forward bending and backward return task using self-selected and fast motion paces.
the mean normalized and non-normalized emg activities of erector spinae during the entire task also were calculated.
there was no age-related difference in normalized lumbar flexion angles corresponding to different event times of erector spinae activity.
due to life-enhancing effects of antiretroviral therapy , hiv-positive persons have the potential for long life comparable to their uninfected peers.
older women ( age 50 + ) living with hiv ( owlh ) are often an under-recognized aging group.
we conducted a systematic review to examine psychosocial factors that impact how owlh live , cope , and age with hiv.
due to the scarcity of studies on each topic and inconclusive findings , no clear patterns of results emerged.
purpose : health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) after cancer diagnosis is prognostic for overall survival ( os ) .
however , no studies have assessed if hrqol before diagnosis is predictive for os.
the objective of this study was to determine the association between pre-lung cancer diagnosis hrqol and os.
methods : our prospective cohort study used surveillance , epidemiology , and end results linked to the medicare health outcomes survey.
we included @number@ individuals @number@ years or older diagnosed with incident lung cancer from @number@ to @number@
cox-proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between hrqol and os , adjusting for demographics , comorbid conditions , and clinical characteristics.
results : worse pre-diagnosis hrqol was significantly associated with greater risk of death across hrqol measures.
conclusion : this population-based study reinforces the importance of self-reported health status as a predictor for os.
routine hrqol screening may identify patients who could benefit from early interventions to improve hrqol.
future studies should explore associations between changes in hrqol before and after cancer diagnosis and os.
edoxaban has some peculiar pharmacological properties and outcome data.
p53 constitutes an extremely versatile molecule , primarily involved in sensing the variety of cellular stresses.
functional p53 utilizes a plethora of mechanisms to protect cell from deleterious repercussions of genotoxic insults , where senescence deserves special attention.
subsequently , we sought replication in a non-overlapping set of @number@ participants.
results : genome-wide methylation levels were measured in whole blood using the illumina methylation @number@ array.
associations between lipid levels and dna methylation beta values were examined using linear mixed-effect models.
all models were adjusted for sex , age , smoking , white blood cell proportions , array number , and position on array.
recent studies indicate that glucose deprivation can greatly enhance metformin-mediated inhibition of cell viability , but the molecular mechanism involved in this inhibition is unclear.
we studied @number@ healthy adults aged @number@ to @number@ years ( @percent@ women ) .
transfer function analysis was used to assess baroreflex sensitivity and dynamic cerebral autoregulation.
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured to assess central arterial stiffness.
baroreflex sensitivity was reduced , whereas dynamic cerebral autoregulation gain was elevated at rest in older adults.
multiple linear regression analysis indicated that systolic bp variability is correlated positively with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity independent of hr variability.
phosphatase and tensin homologue ( pten ) protein levels are critical for tumor suppression.
however , the search for a recurrent cancer-associated gene alteration that causes pten degradation has remained futile.
mechanistically , we find that the e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and ipo11 cargo , ube2e1 , is a limiting factor for pten degradation.
to examine various aspects , we performed individual region of interest ( roi ) analysis , as well as conventional random effect group analysis.
adults with asd showed no atypicalities in activation of the eba and ffa , whereas children with asd showed atypical activation in these regions.
specifically , a smaller percentage of children with asd showed face-sensitive activation of the ffa than td children.
moreover , the size of the eba was smaller in children with asd than in td children.
our results revealed atypicalities in both the ffa and eba in children with asd but not in adults with asd.
however , the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
the progress in this line of research is hindered due to the lack of appropriate in vitro models.
we showed that td caused a concentration- and duration-dependent death of icell neurons.
it establishes that the icell neurons are a novel tool to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms for td-induced neurodegeneration.
estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) may be associated with deceleration of cellular aging.
associations between telomeres , body composition , and physical performance were also examined.
eleven monozygotic twin pairs ( age @number@ ± @number@ years ) discordant for hrt were studied.
mean duration of hrt use was @number@ ± @number@ years in the user sister , while their co-twins had never used hrt.
ltl was measured by qpcr and smtls by southern blot.
body and muscle composition were estimated by bioimpedance and computed tomography , respectively.
physical performance was measured by jumping height and grip strength.
hrt users and non-users did not differ in ltl or mean or minimum smtl.
body composition and performance were better in users than non-users.
we found no associations between hrt use and telomere length.
this suggests that telomeres measured from different tissues may have different associations with measures of body composition.
decreases in life expectancy without type @number@ diabetes were more pronounced in women than in men.
accordingly , life expectancy with type @number@ diabetes increased in both women and in men.
the proportion of life expectancy without diabetes to total life expectancy decreased , indicating a similar development in both.
background : limited evidence exists to inform physical activity ( pa ) and sedentary behavior guidelines for older people , especially women.
rigorous evidence on the amounts , intensities , and movement patterns associated with better health in later life is needed.
non-hispanic black or hispanic / latina women comprise half of the cohort.
over @number@ months of calendar pages were returned by @number@ women , who reported @number@ falls.
telephone interviews were completed for @number@ women to ascertain the circumstances , injuries and medical care associated with falling.
clinical trials registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct00000611 .
registered @date@ .
aging leads to global changes in brain structure and cognitive performance , with reorganization of functional brain networks.
importantly , these age-related changes show higher inter-individual variability in older subjects.
to particularly address this variability is a challenge for studies on lifetime trajectories from early to late adulthood.
the executive , left and right frontoparietal resting-state ( rs ) networks showed age-related increases in rsfc.
however , older adults did not show changes in rsfc in the default mode network ( dmn ) .
furthermore , lower performance in working memory ( wm ) was associated with higher rsfc in the left frontoparietal rs network.
the results suggest age-related compensatory increases in rsfc which might help to maintain cognitive performance.
nevertheless , the negative correlation between rsfc and wm performance hints at limited cognitive reserve capacity in lower performing older adults.
people with down syndrome ( ds ) have a neurodevelopmentally distinct brain and invariably developed amyloid neuropathology by age @number@
this cross-sectional study aimed to provide a detailed account of ds brain morphology and the changes occuring with amyloid neuropathology.
age-matched controls ( n = @number@ ) underwent structural imaging.
group differences in deep gray matter volumetry and cortical thickness were studied.
care must be taken to avoid underestimating amyloid-associated morphologic changes in ds due to disproportionate size of some subcortical structures and thickness of the cortex.
however , little is known about how these changes reflect upon the dynamics of the underlying biological system.
the spring-hand system exhibits nonlinear dynamical behavior and here we characterize the dynamical behavior of the phase portraits using attractor reconstruction.
we used delayed embedding of the applied force to reconstruct its attractor.
objective : to determine whether compensatory saccade metrics observed in the video head impulse test , specifically saccade amplitude and latency , predict physical performance.
study design : cross-sectional analysis of the baltimore longitudinal study of aging , a prospective cohort study.
setting : national institute on aging intramural research program clinical research unit in baltimore , maryland.
patients : community-dwelling older adults.
intervention ( s ) : video head impulse testing was performed , and compensatory saccades and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex ( vor ) gain were measured.
main outcome measure ( s ) : compensatory saccade amplitude and latency , vor gain , and sppb performance.
in contrast , vor gain was not associated with any physical performance measure.
conclusion : we observed in a cohort of healthy older adults that compensatory saccade amplitude and latency were associated with tandem stance performance.
compensatory saccade metrics may provide insights into capturing the impact of vestibular loss on physical function in older adults.
patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) display a progeric vascular phenotype linked to apoptosis , cellular senescence and osteogenic transformation.
this has proven intractable to modelling appropriately in model organisms.
rack1 can shuttle proteins to their sites of action , facilitate cross-talk among distinct signaling pathways or recruit other signaling proteins into the complexes.
because of its importance , it is of extreme significance to understand the transcriptional mechanisms governing its expression.
the identification of regulatory elements in the promoter of rack1 shed some light on its transcriptional modulation in physiological and pathological context.
these and other informations suggest that a better understanding of rack1 transcriptional regulation is essential to unravel its role.
furthermore , the modulation of its expression in physiological or pathological conditions may be of interest in different context , such as aging and cancer.
a paucity of research exists to investigate whether the normal aging process influences the ability to adapt disparity vergence and phoria.
vergence eye movements and dissociated phoria were recorded from @number@ healthy subjects ( ages 20-70years ) using an objective eye movement tracking system.
four-degree vergence responses were modified using a double-step protocol.
dynamics of vergence were quantified via peak velocity.
the magnitude of phoria adaptation decreased as a function of age ( r = -0.33 ; p = 0.04 ) .
the ability to adapt vergence peak velocity and the rate of phoria adaptation showed no significant age-related influence ( p > 0.05 ) .
glycosylated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) was the outcome.
comparable to the effects of bmi , a @number@ standard deviation change in well-being was associated with a @percent@ change in hba1c.
conclusions : associations among psychological resources and glucoregulation were mixed.
the results emphasize the need for considering sociocultural contexts in which psychological resources are experienced in order to understand linkages to physical health.
( psycinfo database record objectives : disturbances in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are supposed to modulate activity of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
we hypothesised that the extent of hyp damage may determine severity of ms and may be associated with the disease evolution.
we suggested fatigue and depression may depend on the degree of damage of the area.
results : cho / cr and naa / cr ratios were decreased and glx / naa ratio increased in ms patients vs con.
glx / naa and glx / cr correlated with msss and fatigue score , and glx / cr with depressive score of ms patients.
in con , relationships between glx / cr and age , and glx / naa and fatigue score were inverse.
conclusion : our study provides the first evidence about significant hypothalamic alterations correlating with clinical outcomes of ms , using 1h-mrs.
aim : to compare the diagnostic validity of nia-aa criteria , for ad csf biomarkers , with our own new criteria.
materials and methods : between @number@ and @number@ @number@ patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) were included.
csf levels of aβ1-42 , t-tau , p-tau181 , and ratios of t-tau / aβ1-42 and p-tau181 / aβ1-42 were analyzed.
in our criteria , we considered @number@ or more abnormal variables indicative of a high likelihood of mci due to ad.
conclusion : the inclusion of the ratios in diagnostic criteria increases sensitivity and npv for the diagnosis of mci due to ad.
aim : mucormycosis is a fungal infection associated with high mortality.
until recently , the only licensed treatments were amphotericin b ( amb ) formulations.
isavuconazole ( isav ) is a new mucormycosis treatment.
a uk-based economic model explored treatment costs with isav versus liposomal amb followed by posaconazole.
materials & methods : as a matched case-control analysis showed similar efficacy for isav and amb , a cost-minimization approach was taken.
direct costs - drug acquisition , monitoring and administration , and hospitalization costs - were estimated from the national health service perspective.
conclusion : isav may reduce costs compared with standard mucormycosis therapy.
background : previous studies have shown that radiofrequency ( rf ) energy is safe and effective for improving skin laxity.
unlike monopolar and bipolar devices , little has been studied with the unipolar hand piece.
objectives : we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel fractional unipolar rf device on facial tightening.
punch biopsies ( @number@ mm ) were performed and a questionnaire was used to evaluate the patient's satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions.
results : fourteen subjects with mild to moderate age-related facial laxity were included in the study.
the mean age of the subjects was @number@ years ( range 32-80 ) .
@percent@ of the subjects showed significant improvement , @percent@ moderate improvement , and @percent@ slight improvement of facial laxity in their follow-up photos.
about @percent@ of the patients replied that they were either greatly satisfied or satisfied with the results at 3-months follow-up.
skin biopsies revealed an increase in collagen in the dermis.
of the subjects experienced any serious adverse events during or after the procedure.
conclusion : our findings suggest that fractional unipolar rf can be safely performed on the face and is effective in skin tightening.
it has a great advantage over other forms of rf by being entirely painless.
this document formulates expert opinion guidance for pragmatic managing , monitoring and reversing the anticoagulant effect of doacs in both chronic and emergency settings.
this study was designed to explore the impact of yoga and meditation based lifestyle intervention ( ymli ) on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals.
during this 12-week prospective , open-label , single arm exploratory study , @number@ apparently healthy individuals were enrolled to receive ymli.
in-ceram alumina ( ic ) , ips e.max press ( em ) and katana ( k ) ( n = 40 ) , were selected.
strength values increased with increasing core thickness for all ic , em and k regardless of aging.
results of this study concluded that strength was not significantly affected by aging.
different core thicknesses affected strength of the all-ceramic materials tested ( p < 0.05 ) .
the cpr duration was defined as the time from cpr initiation by ems providers to prehospital rosc.
the rate of 1-month cpc 1-2 was @percent@ ( @number@ , 650 / 35 , 709 ) .
the cpr duration increased with age ( p < 0.001 ) .
the mfi was developed using the canadian study of health and aging frailty index as a model.
rates of cdiv complications and 30-day mortality were analyzed based on mfi score using sas version @number@
results : a total of @number@ patients undergoing rarp were queried.
these odds were higher than the asa and charlson comorbidity index.
conclusion : increasing mfi scores are associated with worsening outcomes for patients undergoing rarp.
a combined mfi and asa variable can be used to predict 30-day mortality for rarp patients better than mfi or asa alone.
arc diagnoses during 2004-2012 were analyzed using latent class modeling adjusted for confounders.
results : the cohort consisted of @number@ t2d men with age @number@.6±5.8years , hba1c @number@.5±0.97% , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) metformin users.
four arc classes were identified.
' healthy class ' ( @percent@ ) : metformin reduced likelihoods of all arcs ( from @percent@ in dementia to @percent@ in cvd ) .
conclusions : metformin slowed arc development in old men with t2d , and these effects varied by arc phenotype.
interventions that bolster mitochondrial health and / or stimulate mitophagy may therefore forestall the neurodegenerative process in ad.
up to @number@ patients per @number@ @number@ population per year are reported to suffer from sepsis , severe sepsis , and septic shock.
mortality is up to @percent@ , depending on the precision of diagnostic criteria.
this results in more septic patients being admitted to intensive care units.
septic encephalopathy is a manifestation especially of severe sepsis and septic shock where the neurologist plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management.
it is well known that timely treatment of sepsis improves outcome and that septic encephalopathy may precede other signs and symptoms.
particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised patient , the brain may be the first organ to show signs of failure.
the neurologist diagnosing early septic encephalopathy may therefore contribute to the optimal management of septic patients.
services making use of information and communication technology ( ict ) are of potential interest to face the challenges of our aging society.
the current status of ict-supported services is described and examples of how these services can be implemented in everyday practice are given.
upcoming technical solutions and future directions are also addressed.
patient's satisfaction with ict-supported services is moderate to good.
actual use of patients is higher than those of professionals but very variable.
frequency of use is positively related to clinical outcome.
ict offers a variety of opportunities for the treatment and prevention of frailty and functional decline.
future challenges are related to the intelligence of the systems and making the technologies even more unobtrusive and intuitive.
migrant families undoubtedly face a special situation as values and expectations from the culture of origin and from the host cultural context might differ.
not much is known yet about how migrant families adapt their family cultures to the host cultural context.
we will illustrate our theoretical outline by presenting first results from the irma-study comparing luxembourgish and portuguese immigrant families living in luxembourg.
implications for the experience of ambivalence and conflicts as well as well-being of family members from both generations will be discussed.
methods : a total of @number@ chinese subjects with t2dm were included.
their egfr was calculated using the mdrd , ckd-epi , their respective modified equations for chinese , and the diabetes specific ckd-epi chinese t2dm equations.
multiple cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of egfr with all-cause mortality.
results : over a follow-up of @number@.7years , the incidence of all-cause mortality was @percent@ ( n = 867 ) .
few studies have examined the relationship between csf and structural biomarkers , and cognitive function in mci.
dynamic postural stability and movement variability was quantified via whole-body center of mass motion.
the onset of lead lower limb movement in relation to object movement onset was quantified as a measure of motor coordination.
older adults demonstrated similar levels of stability and variability as their younger counterparts , but at slower peak movement velocity and increased task duration.
furthermore , older adults demonstrated asymmetrical motor coordination between left and right task directions , while younger adults remained consistent regardless of task direction.
thus , older adults significantly modulated movement speed and motor coordination to maintain similar levels of stability and variability compared to their younger counterparts.
long-term consequences of anesthetic exposure in humans are not well understood.
it is possible that alterations in brain function occur beyond the initial anesthetic administration.
the potential of anesthetics to induce long-term alterations in brain function , particularly in vulnerable populations , warrants investigation.
objective : hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs-aging ) is a common cause of dementia in older adults.
we tested the variability in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) proteins associated with previously identified hs-aging risk single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) .
glycation may be a major mechanism behind age-related diseases.
saf was non-invasively determined using an autofluorescence spectrometer.
results : for ai@75 there was an effect of age ( p < 0.0001 ) , but not training ( p = 0.71 ) .
saf may in the future be a helpful tool to predict vascular and metabolic dysfunction ( early signs of aging and pathology ) .
surprisingly , endurance running only had modest effects on cardiovascular function compared to lean healthy controls.
hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) reside in specialized microenvironments known as niches.
the niche is essential to support hsc function and to maintain a correct balance between self-renewal and differentiation.
in addition to the role in maintaining hsc homeostasis , the niche has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of blood disorders including hematological malignancies.
in clinical practice , identifying positive and negative attitudes toward older patients is very important to improve quality of care provided to them.
the older people in acute care survey - united states ( opacs-us ) is an instrument measuring hospital nurses attitudes regarding older patients.
however , psychometrics have never been assessed.
furthermore , knowledge being related to attitude and behavior should also be measured complementing the opacs-us.
a multicenter cross sectional design was conducted.
nurses completed the opacs-us section a : practice experiences , b : general opinion and the kop-q online.
findings demonstrated that the opacs-us is a valid and reliable survey instrument that measures practice experiences and general opinion.
discussion : old age need not be burdensome to individuals or society.
there is strong evidence to support the management of many chronic diseases presenting in - or extending into - old age.
general practitioners ( gps ) will also need to adapt to the changing expectations of , and from , older patients across the upcoming generations.
among the major consequences are increased collagen degradation and reduced collagen synthesis.
previous reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of polyphenols for healthy skin.
passiflora tarminiana coppens & v.e. barney , a species of the passifloraceae family , is widely distributed in south america and is rich in flavonoids.
we examined the antioxidant and antiaging effects of the extract and fractions of p. tarminiana fruits.
the past decade has seen significant progress of regenerative medicine in china , the world's most populous developing country.
although regenerative medicine encompasses many components , tissue engineering and stem cell technology are generally considered the two key players.
where possible , we discuss the unique opportunities and challenges for advancement of regenerative medicine in china.
several wm multi-subject clustering methods have been proposed to study wm bundles.
however , the current methods are not sufficiently flexible to address all of these constraints.
specifically , we consider streamlines from different subjects as data streams , and each streamline is assigned to a mobile agent.
agents work together following flocking rules in order to form a flock.
3d-ssf is able to extract wm bundles at a population level , while considering wm variation across subjects and eliminating outlier streamlines.
many activities of daily living require moving both hands in an organized manner in space and time.
therefore , understanding the impact of aging on bimanual coordination is essential for prolonging functional independence and well-being in older adults.
here we investigated the behavioral and neural determinants of bimanual coordination in aging.
the studies surveyed in this review reveal that aging is associated with cortical hyper-activity ( but also subcortical hypo-activity ) during performance of bimanual tasks.
the mechanisms and triggers underlying these functional activation and connectivity changes remain to be investigated.
this requires further research investment into the detailed study of interactions between brain structure , function and connectivity.
this will also provide the foundation for interventional research programs towards preservation of brain health and behavioral performance by maximizing neuroplasticity potential in older adults.
optic flow provides visual self-motion information and is shown to modulate gait and provoke postural reactions.
in this study , we evaluated for reliance for self-motion perception with respect to the ground surface.
cop translation was more influenced by receding flow during qs and by approaching flow during sip.
in addition , old adults drifted forward while sip without any imposed visual stimulation.
approaching flow limited this natural drift and receding flow enhanced it , as indicated by the vsq.
glial cells play a critical role in neuronal support which includes the production and release of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) .
in this report we studied s1r-mediated bdnf release from human astrocytic glial cells.
astrocytes express the s1r , which mediates bdnf release when stimulated with the prototypical s1r agonists 4-ppbp and ( + ) -skf10047.
this effect could be antagonized by a selective concentration of the s1r antagonist bd1063.
haloperidol is known to have high affinity interactions with the s1r , yet it was unable to facilitate bdnf release.
neither 4-ppbp , nor either of the haloperidol metabolites affected the level of bdnf mrna as assessed by qpcr.
multilevel models evaluated within-person associations of daily experiences with sleep quality and duration.
analyses controlled for demographics , insomnia symptoms , the previous day's experiences and sleep measures , and additional day-level covariates.
results : daily positive experiences were associated with improved as well as disrupted subsequent sleep.
negative affect and stressors were unrelated to subsequent sleep.
conclusions : given the reciprocal relationships between sleep and daily experiences , efforts to improve well-being in daily life should reflect the importance of sleep.
in particular , the decisions lead to the choice of the adopted instruments , and the reasons for setting the relevant thresholds are explained.
in sprintt , the concept of physical frailty is translated with a short physical performance battery score of ≥3 and ≤9.
concurrently , sarcopenia is defined according to the recent definitions of low muscle mass proposed by the foundation for the national institutes of health-sarcopenia project.
we develop a discrete variant of a general model for adult mortality influenced by the delayed impact of early conditions on adult health and mortality.
we show that introducing delayed effects is equivalent to perturbing adult mortality patterns with a particular class of time- / age-varying frailty.
we emphasize two main results.
first , populations with delayed effects could experience unchanging or increasing adult mortality even when background mortality has been declining for long periods of time.
although this phenomenon also occurs in a regime with standard frailty , the distortions can be more severe under a regime with barker frailty.
as a consequence , conventional interpretations of the observed rates of adult mortality decline in societies that experience barker frailty may be inappropriate.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cynical distrust on mortality in middle-aged and aging men.
the analysis is based on kuopio ischemic heart disease study , follow-up from @number@ to @number@
sample consisted of @number@ men , aged 42-61 years at baseline.
data on mortality was provided by the national death registry , causes of death were classified by the national center of statistics of finland.
cynical distrust was measured at baseline using cynical distrust scale.
survival analyses were conducted using cox regression models.
the risk effects were more expressed after 12-20 years rather than in earlier or later follow-up.
to conclude , high cynical distrust associates with increased risk of cvd mortality in cvd-free men.
the associations with non-cvd mortality are weaker and not reach statistical significance.
the aim of this study was to better understand the cortical mechanisms underlying the interaction between pain and the motor system.
experimental pain was induced on @number@ young and healthy participants using capsaicin cream , applied on the middle volar part of the left forearm.
these participants further showed greater beta m1-cuneus connectivity than the other participants.
methods and results : outpatients with cardiac implantable electrical devices compatible with physical activity analysis with at least @number@ days of data were eligible.
among @number@ patients , study of osteoporotic fractures testing found @percent@ to be robust , @percent@ prefrail , and @percent@ frail.
frail patients were markedly more likely to have gait speeds < 0.8 m / s ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.79-33.3 ) .
conclusions : frailty and mobility limitation are common among cardiac implantable electrical device patients and are correlated to device-detected physical activity.
aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria.
however , the precise mechanisms by which aging promotes these mitochondrial alterations and the role of the latter in aging are still not fully understood.
mitochondrial dynamics is a key process regulating mitochondrial function and quality.
here , we review the link between alterations in mitochondrial dynamics , aging , and age-related impairment.
background : the proportion of older people among the general population has risen.
staphylococcus aureus ( sa ) constitutes a significant problem.
underlying disease and functional debility , predispose the older adult to staphylococcal carriage and infection , specially bloodstream infection and pneumonia.
methods : this is a retrospective cohort study of older patients with sa infections.
all age groups demonstrated increased mic90 values for glycopeptide and tigecycline.
the mic90 for tigecycline was the highest in the group aged > 90 years.
conclusions : mrsa constitutes a significant epidemiological problem in cases of hospital-treated pneumonia.
background : physical activity is one of the most important contributors to healthy aging.
public health strategies aiming to promote physical activity among older adults are increasingly being implemented.
however , little is known about their impact on social inequalities.
purpose of the study was to analyze whether and how studies of interventions consider effects on social inequalities in physical activity among older adults.
english and german language peer-reviewed journal articles published between @number@ and @number@ were included.
studies examining differential intervention effects by at least one progress-plus factor were quality assessed.
results were presented in narrative synthesis.
results : fifty-nine studies were included.
beside age and sex , @number@ studies used at least @number@ further progress-plus factor for the description of participants ' baseline characteristics.
when measuring intervention effects , @number@ studies considered progress-plus factors as control variables.
trial registration : prospero registration number : crd42015025066.
the number of deaths from liver cancer has not declined even following various therapies.
allium atroviolaceum , a plant of the genus allium has been used in folk medicine to protect against several diseases.
however , cytotoxicity and the anti-proliferative effect of allium atroviolaceum remain unclear.
this work aims to investigate the anticancer properties of allium atroviolaceum and the mechanism of action.
a microscopy study was undertaken to observe morphological changes of hepg2 cells after treatment and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were studied using flow cytometry.
the apoptosis mechanism of action was assessed by the level of caspase-3 activity and expression of apoptosis related genes , bcl-2 , cdk1 and p53.
the combination effect of the methanolic extract with doxorubicin was also investigated by determination of a combination index.
in addition , a combination of allium atroviolaceum and doxorubicin led to a significant synergistic effect.
three studies examined the self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory ( measured with subjective temporal distance of memories ) .
participants recalled a memory of an attained and a failed goal and rated the subjective distance between each memory and the present.
in both studies , feeling closer to success memories ( and far from failure ) led to enhanced mood.
in study @number@ state self-esteem was experimentally manipulated.
results are discussed in relation to the temporal self-appraisal theory.
objective : the world population is aging rapidly and the well-being of older people is of great interest.
therefore , this study investigates the determinants of life satisfaction among the oldest-old ( i.e. individuals aged @number@ or over ) in china.
materials and methods : we use the 2011 / 2012 chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey data ( n = @number@ ) for this paper.
results : our analysis confirms the significance of many factors affecting life satisfaction among the oldest-old in china.
this confirms the primacy of health as the determinant of well-being among the oldest-old.
conclusions : majority of the oldest-old in china rated their life satisfaction as good or very good.
our findings show that health and economic status are by far the most significant predictors of life satisfaction.
however , no studies have directly tested the relationship between physical activity behavior and pain modulatory function in older adults.
fifty-one older adults wore an accelerometer on the hip for @number@ days and completed the cpm and ts tests.
additionally , mvpa predicted pain facilitation on the ts test , with greater mvpa associated with less ts of pain.
these results suggest that different types of physical activity behavior may differentially impact pain inhibitory and facilitatory processes in older adults.
aging in place is a preferred and cost-effective living option for older adults.
research indicates that technology can assist with this goal.
information on consumer preferences will help in technology development to assist older adults to age in place.
the study aim was to explore the perceptions and preferences of older adults and their family members about a fall risk assessment system.
themes emerged in relation to preferences and expectations about the technology and how it fits into daily routines.
we were able to capture changes that occurred over time for older adult participants.
results indicated that there was acceptance of the technology as participants adapted to it.
two themes were present across the five points in time-safety and usefulness.
five stages of acceptance emerged from the data from preinstallation to @number@ years postinstallation.
identified themes , stages of acceptance , and design and development considerations are discussed.
human malignant mesothelioma ( mm ) is an aggressive cancer linked to asbestos and erionite exposure.
we previously reported that high-mobility group box-1 protein ( hmgb1 ) , a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern , drives mm development and sustains mm progression.
we found that ep impairs hmgb1 secretion by mm cells leading to reduced rage expression and nf-κb activation.
as a consequence , ep impaired cell motility , cell proliferation , and anchorage-independent growth of mm cells.
objective : describe social goods and services for which hospices assist patients and families and the resources hospices use to do so.
background : basic social supports and services not routinely covered by insurers may be needed by terminally ill patients and their families.
little is known about hospices ' provision of such social supports and services.
methods : a 2014-2015 cross-sectional survey of hospices nationwide.
participating hospices had been in operation for at least @number@ years and were located in any of the @number@ states or district of columbia.
hospices were surveyed about availability and sources of internal funds and referral to obtain basic social supports for patients.
descriptive statistics , bivariate analysis , and categorization were used to describe hospice practices.
results : over @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) reported internal funds covered services not reimbursed by insurers ; @percent@ used funds in last year.
discussion : hospices are using internal resources and accessing community resources to provide patients with basic social needs not routinely covered by insurance.
sox5 encodes a transcription factor that is expressed in multiple tissues including heart , lung and brain.
mutations in sox5 have been previously found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and developmental delay , intellectual disability and dysmorphic features.
silencing of sox5 in human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells resulted in a significant repression of wnt signaling activity and altered expression of wnt-related genes.
collectively , these findings indicate that sox5 is a novel candidate gene for load with an important role in neuronal function.
the genetic findings warrant further studies to identify and characterize sox5 variants that confer risk for ad , als and intellectual disability.
we studied their cortical tissues after ss31 treatment and determined that ss31 crosses the blood brain barrier and reaches mitochondrial sites of free radical production.
immunofluorescence analysis revealed reduced full-length mutant app and soluble / insoluble aβ levels in the ss31-treated app mice.
sandwich elisa assays revealed significantly reduced soluble aβ levels in the ss31-treated app mice relative to the untreated app mice.
mitochondrial function was maintained in the ss31-treated app mice over the @number@ weeks of ss31 treatment compared with mitochondrial function in the untreated app mice.
british columbia's health care system is facing challenges related to rural access to care and an ever increasing demand for services.
background context : the ability to adequately measure a phenomenon is critical to studying and understanding it.
conceptually sound , objective , precise measurements are needed to advance knowledge of disc degeneration and its causes , progression , and consequences.
study design : this is a measurement study using cross-sectional and longitudinal data.
patient sample : the subjects were @number@ men from @number@ to @number@ years of age at baseline.
repeated measurements were conducted on @number@ subjects to estimate intra- and inter-rater reliability.
one author ( tv ) has a patent interest in spin.
results : intra-rater and inter-rater measurements for spin yielded correlation coefficients of at least @number@
associations with age were clearly weaker for pfirrmann grade than for spin.
volumetric measures were obtained using a validated segmentation method.
next , amygdalar and hippocampal volumes were regressed against child behavior checklist anxious / depressed ( a / d ) scores.
age-by-a / d and sex-by-a / d interactions were tested.
results : analyses revealed age-related linear and quadratic volumetric change in the amygdalae and hippocampi , respectively.
a / d was positively associated with total amygdalar volume ( p = 0.045 ) , independent of age and sex.
age-by-a / d and sex-by-a / d interactions were not associated with amygdalar or hippocampal volume.
conclusions : results suggest that amygdalar structure is tied to a / d among typically developing youths , independent of age and sex.
developmental trajectories of amygdalar and hippocampal volume were not associated with subclinical anxiety.
taken together , increased amygdalar volume may serve as a significant marker of anxiety , regardless of developmental phase.
chronic psychosocial stress is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) and associated cognitive deficits.
substantial evidence demonstrates that failure of microglia to clear abnormally accumulating amyloid-beta ( aβ ) peptide contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in ad.
thus , inflammation-promoting chronic stress may create a vicious cycle of aggravated microglial dysfunction accompanied by increased aβ accumulation , collectively exacerbating neurodegeneration.
surprisingly , however , little is known about whether and how chronic stress contributes to microglia-mediated neuroinflammation that may underlie cognitive impairments in ad.
sociodemographics , medical conditions , and dietary and lifestyle habits were derived throughout standard procedures.
car use was recorded with a standard binary question.
a successful aging index ranging from 0-10 was used.
tamoxifen , a first generation serm , is used for treatment of er positive breast cancer.
raloxifene , a second generation serm , was used to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.
the third-generation serm bazedoxifene ( bza ) effectively prevents osteoporosis while preventing estrogenic stimulation of breast and uterus.
notably , bza combined with conjugated estrogens ( ce ) is a new menopausal treatment.
the menopausal state predisposes to metabolic syndrome and type @number@ diabetes , and therefore the effects of serms on metabolic homeostasis are gaining attention.
here , we summarize knowledge of serms ' impacts on metabolic , homeostasis , obesity and diabetes in rodent models and postmenopausal women.
specifically , we hypothesized that age-related deficits in neural synchrony and neuronal oscillatory activity occur independently in older adults and disrupt auditory temporal processing.
neural synchrony is largely dependent on phase locking within the central auditory pathway , beginning at the auditory nerve.
in contrast , the resonance characteristics of oscillatory activity are dependent on the integrity and structure of long range cortical connections.
these effects were driven , in large part , by associations in older adults.
these results reveal dissociable neural mechanisms associated with distinct underlying pathology that may differentially be present in older adults and contribute to auditory processing declines.
methods : we used the database \ "health and social support of elderly population in community \ ".
questionnaires were issued in @number@ covering @number@ districts in beijing.
a group of @number@ people over @number@ years in age were included in the study.
the respondents ' profile variables were organized in andersen's model and community healthcare resource factors were added.
a multinomial logistic model was applied to analyze the factors associated with the desired aging care models.
the regression result indicated that predisposing , enabling and community factors were significantly associated with the aging care model preference.
community facilities and services supporting elderly were found to be insufficient.
for china's future health system , efforts should be made to improve community capacity to provide integrated services to senior citizens.
background : deep mining of healthcare data has provided maps of comorbidity relationships between diseases.
in parallel , integrative multi-omics investigations have generated high-resolution molecular maps of putative relevance for understanding disease initiation and progression.
we integrated records from approximately @number@ m patients from the medicare database with disease-gene maps that we derived from several resources including a semantic-derived knowledge-base.
using rank-based statistics we not only recovered known comorbidities but also discovered a novel association between copd and digestive diseases.
conclusions : the developed framework provides novel insights in copd and especially copd co-morbidity associated mechanisms.
to determine differences between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the plasma metabolites in patients with impaired fasting glucose or type @number@ diabetes and healthy controls.
although genes of the insulin signaling pathway likely participate in ap , the insulin-regulated cellular correlates of ap have not been identified.
cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest induced by different types of cellular stresses.
the authors propose that this method is more sensitive and versatile than using sbb alone.
lipofuscin , a nondegradable oxidation product of lipids , proteins and metals , is found in senescent cells.
life span is determined by a complex sequence of events leading to organismal senescence , and ultimately death.
objective : to examine the use of antimuscarinics for treating urinary incontinence ( ui ) in older adults with varying levels of cognition.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : national alzheimer's coordinating center from @number@ through @number@
participants : community-dwelling men and women aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : clinicians and staff evaluated each participant's dementia status during annual in-person assessments.
participants or their informants reported all medications taken in the @number@ weeks before each study visit.
results : overall , @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) = @number@.9-5.5% ) of the cohort took a bladder antimuscarinic.
participants with impaired cognition were more likely to be taking an antimuscarinic than those with normal cognition.
of @number@ participants with dementia who took antimuscarinics , @percent@ ( @percent@ ci = 13-19% ) were simultaneously taking other medicines with anticholinergic properties.
conclusion : use of bladder antimuscarinics was more common in older adults with impaired cognition than in those with normal cognition.
a substantial proportion of cognitively impaired individuals who took antimuscarinics were simultaneously taking other anticholinergic medications.
these findings suggest a need to improve the treatment of ui in individuals with impaired cognition.
tia-1 ( t-cell restricted intracellular antigen-1 ) is an rna-binding protein involved in splicing and translational repression.
it mainly interacts with rna via its second and third rna recognition motifs ( rrms ) , with specificity for u-rich sequences directed by rrm2.
it has recently been shown that rrm3 also contributes to binding , with preferential binding for c-rich sequences.
interestingly , this binding depends on the presence of lys274 that is c-terminal to rrm3 and binding to equivalent dna sequences occurs with similar affinity.
background : age related decline in physical function is a significant concern affecting the quality of life of older individuals.
results : mean age at baseline was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) years and @percent@ were women.
conclusions : better overall cvh was protective against poor physical function in community-dwelling men and women aged @number@ years and older.
improving cvh may be instrumental in the prevention of poor physical function in older adults.
purpose : hypertension is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and stroke , and has a direct relationship with aging.
methods : the present quasiexperimental study was conducted on @number@ hypertensive elderly persons from qom , iran.
the questionnaire was completed by the participants before , immediately after , and @number@ months after the intervention.
therefore , it is recommended to consider the hbm to enhance self-care behaviors in the elderly.
background : the population is aging and multimorbidity is becoming a common problem in the elderly.
objective : to explore the effect of multimorbidity patterns on mortality for all causes at 3- and 5-year follow-up periods.
sociodemographic variables , sensory status , cardiovascular risk factors , comorbidity , and geriatric tests were analyzed.
multimorbidity patterns were defined as combinations of two or three of @number@ specific chronic conditions in the same individual.
results : of the total sample , the median and interquartile range value of conditions was @number@ ( 3-5 ) .
the most important predicting pattern for mortality was the combination of af , ckd , and visual impairment after @number@ years.
these findings suggest that a new approach is required to target multimorbidity in octogenarians.
rage is expressed on multiple cell types linked to tissue perturbation in these settings.
suggestive results from stage @number@ from novel loci were followed up using summarized results in the international genomics alzheimer's project gwas dataset.
furthermore , healthy dietary patterns , such as the mediterranean diet , have been linked to the frailty prevention.
in the present narrative review , we critically evaluate cross-sectional , prospective and intervention studies examining the relationship between diet and frailty development and prevention.
potential mechanisms linking nutrition and frailty as well as directions for future research are discussed.
background : fat infiltration within skeletal muscle is known as intramuscular fat ( imf ) , which increases with aging.
studies have assessed imf content , using the mid-thigh as a representative location.
however , three-dimensional imf distribution is not well understood.
results : imf csas along the length of the thigh were similar in both age groups.
background : self-care disability is dependence on others to conduct activities of daily living , such as bathing , eating and dressing.
among long-term care residents , self-care disability lowers quality of life and increases health care costs.
understanding the correlates of self-care disability in this population is critical to guide clinical care and ongoing research in geriatrics.
it also describes the proportion of variance in residents ' self-care disability that is explained by residents ' geriatric syndromes versus long-term care home characteristics.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study using a health administrative cohort of @number@ long-term care home residents residing in @number@ ontario long-term care homes.
differences in findings across strata of sex , age and cognitive status ( cognitively intact versus cognitively impaired ) were examined.
results : geriatric syndromes were much more strongly associated with self-care disability than chronic conditions in multivariable models.
the direction and size of some of these effects were different for cognitively impaired versus cognitively intact residents.
conclusion : differences in long-term care residents ' self-care disability are largely explained by prevalent geriatric syndromes.
after adjusting for resident characteristics , there is little variation in self-care disability associated with long-term care home characteristics.
context : ganoderma lucidum ( leyss : fr ) karst.
objective : the current study examines whether triterpenoids and polysaccharide-enriched g. lucidum ( gl ) influence antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy by suppressing oxidative stress.
the anthropometric analysis and biochemical assays , as well as abdominal ultrasonic examination were performed.
discussion and conclusion : the outcome of the present intervention demonstrated the antioxidation , anti-aging and hepatoprotective nature of gl by effectively curbing oxidative stress.
background : meaningful occupational engagement is essential for successful aging.
sensory-processing abilities that are known to deteriorate with age may reduce occupational engagement.
however , the relationship between sensory-processing abilities and occupational engagement among older persons in daily life is unknown.
purpose : this study examined the relationship between sensory-processing patterns and occupational engagement among older persons.
method : participants were @number@ people , ages @number@ to @number@ years , in good health , who lived in their homes.
all participants completed the adolescent / adult sensory profile and the activity card sort.
findings : better registration of sensory input and greater sensory seeking were related to greater occupational engagement.
implications : sensory-processing abilities among older persons and their relation to occupational engagement in various life settings should receive attention in research and practice.
occupational therapists should encourage older people to seek sensory input and provide them with rich sensory environments for enhancing meaningful engagement in real life.
background and aims : postmenopausal status is correlated with increased metabolic syndrome ( mets ) and cardiovascular risks.
however , the vital roles of age and mets-associated risk factors in sex-specific arterial stiffness remain unclear.
piecewise linear regression models were used to survey pre-defined ages associated with menopause and andropause in relation to arterial stiffness.
multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate independent determinants.
while menopause and andropause may both play a role , 50age was the most critical factor across gender.
the sex-specific differences in determinants of arterial stiffness may remind us of sex-specific targets for further interventional studies associated with arterial stiffness.
in this issue of neuron , tufail et al. present an underlying mechanism for microglia-mediated elimination of virally transduced cells in the central nervous system.
these findings could contribute to the development of improved gene therapies for various neurological disorders by exploring why microglia destroy viable cells following viral infection.
design : validation study.
setting : post ward-rehabilitation.
participants : geriatric patients ( n = 105 ) with dementia ( age @number@.7±5.9 , mmse score @number@ ) .
main outcome measures : psychometric quality of dt performance of different dt-tests.
analyses were performed for motor and cognitive performance , and relative dt costs ( dtcs ) .
perceived control is a key component of successful aging and may serve as a protective factor against age-related declines in central domains of functioning.
results revealed that perceived control is relatively stable in midlife , but starts to decline after midlife.
starting at @number@ perceived control declines an average of a quarter of a sd per @number@ years.
suffering from comorbidity and functional limitations were each associated with considerably lower perceived control.
surprisingly , less social support was associated with stronger perceived control.
overall we found little evidence for correlates of change in perceived control , with only the loneliness-control association becoming slightly weaker over time.
although baseline cognitive performance was related to control beliefs over time , the reverse was not supported.
the difference between younger and older adults ' rates of learning depended in part on initial wmc.
the stroop task was adopted to measure inhibition.
the results indicated that age differences in the stroop effect were influenced by visual function and cognitive load.
conversely , in the high cognitive load condition , we observed significant age differences in the stroop effect in both the nonnoise and noise conditions.
the additional cognitive load made the age differences in the stroop task reappear even when visual perceptual stress was equivalent.
these results demonstrate that visual function plays an important role in the aging of inhibition and its role is moderated by cognitive load.
importantly , the study was carried out in conditions optimal for dual-task performance and task automatization.
typical explanations of this effect suggest the cse is due to changes in levels of control across adjacent trials.
these results are interpreted as reflecting a pathway priming mechanism in the stroop task but a control adjustment process in simon and flanker.
( psycinfo database record objective : to examine the association between long-term metformin therapy and serum vitamin b12 monitoring.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : a single veterans affairs medical center ( vamc ) , 2002-2012.
results : only @percent@ of older adults with diabetes receiving metformin were tested for vitamin b12 status after long-term metformin prescription.
non-valvular atrial fibrillation ( nvaf ) significantly contributes to the burden of stroke , particularly in elderly patients.
treating the elderly patient with nvaf presents special challenges because of their heightened risk for both stroke and bleeding.
thus , conversations between clinicians and patients , as well as shared decision making , are important.
background : correct evaluation of orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) is crucial in geriatric practice , since oh is associated with mortality and morbidity.
results : the prevalence of oh during hut and ast was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
it might be important that the evaluation of oh by hut should be included in daily geriatric practice.
problem : the rate of rehospitalizations from snf within @number@ days of original discharge has increased within the last decade.
results : the most common facilitator was the incorporation of specialized staff.
the most cited barriers were quality improvement tracking and implementation.
more than other portions of the population , the elderly are most commonly affected by chronic diseases such as parkinson's disease.
however , what happens in practice falls short of what the brazilian constitution sets forth.
specifically , there is a clear contradiction between what the law recognizes as being a citizen's rights and the implementation of guidelines.
balance function was evaluated with the tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment ( poma ) , which includes balance and gait subscales.
activities of daily living ( adl ) , iadl , and the mmse were also measured.
fall incidents in last @number@ months , the use of walking aids , fear of falling , comorbidities , and polypharmacy were recorded.
diabetic complications were recorded , and hba1c , fpg , tc , tg , and ldl were measured in the patients of the dm group.
these findings can alert physicians to detect and intervene earlier on declining balance in older persons with dm.
we explore the effects of disability discrimination laws on hiring of older workers.
we similarly find no evidence of adverse effects of disability discrimination laws on hiring of disabled older workers.
using a dynamic panel data model , we then estimate short- and long-run effects of changes in health on wealth.
selective attrition due to death and institutionalization is substantial over @number@ years.
persistent disability is the dominant adverse outcome of initial disability shock.
overtime exits due to death become progressively more important ; @percent@ disabled at baseline are dead by wave @number@ compared to @percent@ for nondisabled.
disability status at baseline is associated with financial insecurity persisting to wave @number@ among survivors.
this article argues that wealth uncertainty influences when couples choose to retire.
using data from the health and retirement study , i show that wives delay retirement when their husbands retire following a job loss.
this effect is stronger when husbands are the primary earners , and couples are relatively poorer.
this provides evidence of intra-household insurance that mitigates the impact of an unexpected earnings shock.
i find that wives tend to delay retirement only until they become eligible for social security.
this suggests that social security benefits can relax households ' budget constraints and allow wives to join their husbands in retirement.
first , we estimate a set of options related to the duration of marriage required to receive divorced spouse and survivor benefits.
third , we estimate the effects of adjusting benefits to reflect the increasing differential life expectancy by lifetime earnings.
increasingly , older adults are unmarried , which could mean a larger share is at risk of economic disadvantage.
partnereds are disproportionately likely to receive social security and they enjoy relatively high social security benefits and very low poverty levels.
among singles , economic well-being varies by marital biography and gender.
gray divorced and never-married women face considerable economic insecurity.
by comparison , gray widoweds are the most advantaged singles.
an aging america presents challenges but also brings social and economic capital.
five-year delay in the full retirement age decreases federal spending by @percent@ , while 2-year delay in the early entitlement age increases it by @percent@.
early in the last century , it was commonplace for elderly women to live with their adult children.
over time , the prevalence of this type of living arrangement declined , as incomes increased.
we pay particular attention to the relationship between coresidence and indicators of parental and child needs.
our results suggest that for much of the life course , coresidence serves to benefit primarily the adult children rather than their older mother.
as workers near retirement , many experience a medical event that limits the ability to work.
moreover , these policies generally are not designed to encourage continuing work rather than premature retirement.
objectives chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has been identified as a significant risk factor for poor post-surgical outcomes.
patients with acute renal failure were excluded.
we subsequently compared procedure outcomes and hospital resource utilization in these patients.
results totally @number@ cea procedures were estimated : @number@ ( esrd ) ' @number@ ( ckd ) ' and @number@ ( nf ) .
mean age was @number@ years , @percent@ were males , and @percent@ were white.
the overall stroke rate was @number@.6% : @percent@ ( esrd ) , @percent@ ( ckd ) , and @percent@ ( nf ) .
comparing nf to ckd there was a significant difference : p < @number@
the greatest risks of postoperative stroke , respiratory , and cardiac complications were found in patients with ckd.
a diagnosis of esrd and ckd were both found to significantly increase hospital mortality , length of stay and cost.
childhood growth has been linked with bone properties in adulthood , whereas less is known about the contribution of early growth to bone fracture risk.
we investigated the association of body size at birth and childhood growth with hip fractures and pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis in older age.
in men , the risk of hip fractures was nonlinearly associated with childhood growth.
in men , growth was not associated with the risk of pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis.
aims : to evaluate a high-energy protocol with combined bipolar radiofrequency and infrared light energies for improvement in photoaged facial skin.
independent blinded assessment and investigator assessment were performed , using the fitzpatrick wrinkle and elastosis scale ( 0-9 ) and the global aesthetic improvement scale.
patients also completed a self-assessment questionnaire concerning satisfaction with the treatment.
similar results were reported by investigators.
patients tolerated the treatments well and were satisfied with the clinical results.
the results appear gradually over time and are maintained for at least @number@ months ' post-treatment.
skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity declines with age and negatively affects walking performance , but the mechanism for this association is not fully clear.
we tested the hypothesis that impaired oxidative capacity affects muscle performance and , through this mechanism , has a negative effect on walking speed.
evidence has suggested that ape1 missense mutants , as well as altered expression or localization of the protein , can contribute to disease manifestation.
environ.
mol.
mutagen.
58 : 84-98 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
background : autonomic nervous activity plays a critical role in the genesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( af , paf ) .
however , the role of autonomic nervous activity on af termination has not been elucidated.
heart rate variability ( hrv ) is widely used to evaluate autonomic nervous activity in humans.
the purpose of this study was to assess whether autonomic nervous activity assessed by hrv contributes to af termination.
conclusion : autonomic changes critically regulate termination of paf , which is modulated by aging.
ginkgo biloba extract ( gbe ) could be an effective mean to improve gait stability.
aims : this study investigated the effect of gbe on spatio-temporal gait parameters of mci patients while walking under single and dual-task conditions.
no significant changes , but gbe-associated numerical non-significant trends were found after 6-month treatment for dual-task-related gait velocity and stride time variability.
discussion : findings suggest that @number@ mg of gbe twice-daily for at least @number@ months may improve dual-task-related gait performance in patients with mci.
conclusions : the observed gait improvements add to the understanding of the self-reported unspecified improvements among mci patients when treated with standardised gbe.
heavy drinking in adults ages @number@ and over is strongly correlated with depression , anxiety , decreased social support , and poor health.
aims : to identify potential treatment needs of this population , a city-funded needs assessment was conducted.
measures used included the psychological general well-being schedule , the geriatric depression scale-15 , and the alcohol use disorders identification test ( audit ) .
results : alcohol or substance abuse was reported by over @percent@ of respondents , with @percent@ of respondents engaged in maladaptive alcohol use.
discussion : a substantial percentage of the sample reported alcohol and substance misuse.
alcohol use was predictive of depression , global psychological distress , and decreased quality of life.
conclusions : this needs assessment reinforces findings from previous studies and addresses the added dimension of examining this in an urban , lower socioeconomic population.
the identification of cost-effective interventions that improve the health status and prevent disability in old age is one of the most important public health challenges.
in advanced age , physical activity is also effective at mitigating sarcopenia , restoring robustness , and preventing / delaying the development of disability.
this compelling evidence has prompted the world health organization to recommend engaging in regular physical activity throughout one's life course.
the present review summarizes the available evidence in support of physical activity as a remedy against physical frailty and sarcopenia.
the relevant pathways through which the benefits of physical activity are conveyed are also discussed.
selecting an appropriate donor is vital to the success of fmt.
however , the relationship between age of donors and the efficacy of fmt has not been examined to date.
the study was conducted between @date@ and @date@ .
fecal samples were processed and analyzed using 16s rrna gene amplicon sequencing.
differences in relative abundance and diversity of the donor fecal microbiota were analyzed in donors above and below @number@ years of age.
effect of fecal microbiota from donors of different age groups on the efficacy of fmt was also evaluated.
results : twenty-eight healthy human subjects from ages 20-82 years were enrolled as donors for fmt.
all patients receiving fmt from their respective donors had resolution of rcdi symptoms and had a negative c. difficile toxin test 4-12 weeks after fmt.
however , ratio did not demonstrate a significant change between the two groups.
furthermore , microbial diversity did not change significantly with advancing age.
these changes do not seem to affect the clinical efficacy of fmt in rcdi patients over @number@ months.
purpose of review : there have been numerous published reports describing skeletal differences between males and females.
the goal of this report is to describe recent findings to help elucidate remaining questions.
recent findings : it is known that even in youth , there are sex differences in skeletal health.
one recent report suggests these differences are evident at @number@ years of age.
with the availability of newer imaging techniques , specifically hrpqct and microct-3d , micro-architectural differences related to sex-differences have been studied.
this has highlighted the importance of cortical porosity in describing possible sex differences in fracture risk.
here , we employed metabolomics to determine the serum metabolites in the baseline associated with an increased risk of pd.
methods : two hundred and nine elderly hip-fracture patients who had undergone hemiarthroplasty and had completed our assessments were selected.
fasting venous blood was collected at 7 : 00 on the morning of surgery and a serum sample bank was created for analysis.
on the first @number@ postoperative days , the patients were assessed twice daily using the confusion assessment method - chinese revision.
ultimately , @number@ patients were diagnosed with pd , who comprised the pd group.
meanwhile , @number@ matched non-pd patients were selected based on age , sex , and body mass index.
serum samples from the two groups were analyzed by gas mass spectrometry and acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
results : the demographic characteristics of the groups were matched.
four metabolites associated with an increased risk of pd were identified , including s-methylcysteine , linolenic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , and linoleic acid.
these metabolic abnormalities could possibly increase the fragility of the brain and then contribute to pd.
longitudinal data was acquired from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni ) study from phases go and @number@ ( 2009-2015 ) .
ef and mem composite scores were measured at baseline , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
as expected , lesser hippocampal volume and lesser fdg pet metabolism was associated with greater rates of ef and mem decline.
in adni-go / 2 participants , white matter integrity provided independent information about current executive function , but was not sensitive to future cognitive change.
this tissue damage is linked to cerebrovascular dysfunction and is associated with cognitive decline.
additionally , no prior study has described how regional wmsa volume scales with total global wmsa.
such information could be used in the creation of a pathologic ' staging ' of wmsa through a detailed regional characterization at the individual level.
a consistent spatial pattern of wmsa accumulation was observed with increasing quartile.
a clustering procedure was then used to distinguish regions based on patterns of scaling of regional wmsa to global wmsa.
three patterns were extracted that showed high , medium , and non-scaling with global wmsa.
regions in the high-scaling cluster included periventricular , caudal and rostral middle frontal , inferior and superior parietal , supramarginal , and precuneus white matter.
a data-driven staging procedure was then created based on patterns of wmsa scaling and specific regional cut-off values from the quartile analyses.
white matter staging could play an important role in a better understanding and the treatment of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging and dementia.
suffering related to dementia is multifaceted because cognitive and physical functioning slowly deteriorates.
advanced age and sex , two of the most prominent risk factors for dementia , are not modifiable.
lifestyle factors such as smoking , excessive alcohol use , and poor diet modulate susceptibility to dementia in both males and females.
depending on the subtype of dementia , the ratio of male to female prevalence differs.
for example , females are at greater risk of developing alzheimer disease dementia , whereas males are at greater risk of developing vascular dementia.
this review examines sex and gender differences in the development of dementia with the goal of highlighting factors that require further investigation.
considering sex as a biological variable in dementia research promises to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions.
contrary to popular belief , sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic and nongenomic receptors.
tp53 overexpression is indicative of somatic tp53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer.
we utilized a two-stage snp association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a tp53-dependent manner.
the snps were then tested for interaction with tumor tp53 status ( n = @number@ ) and anthracycline treatment ( n = @number@ ) .
although age-related hypertension is an established phenomenon , current treatments are only palliative but not curative.
thus , there is a critical need for a curative therapy against age-related hypertension , which could greatly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disorders.
we show that overexpression of human thioredoxin ( trx ) , a redox protein , in mice prevents age-related hypertension.
each clone is the progeny of a single b cell responding to ag , with diversified ig receptors.
these receptors can now be profiled on a large scale by next-generation sequencing.
such data provide a window into the microevolutionary dynamics that drive successful immune responses and the dysregulation that occurs with aging or disease.
clonal relationships are not directly measured , but they must be computationally inferred from these sequencing data.
although several hierarchical clustering-based methods have been proposed , they vary in distance and linkage methods and have not yet been rigorously compared.
surprisingly , distance metrics that incorporate the biases of somatic hypermutation do not outperform simple hamming distance.
objective : estimates of the prevalence of hypothyroidism in unselected populations date from the late 1990s.
design and methods : data were obtained from drug prescription and hospital discharge databases.
the average daily dose of thyroxine ( @number@ µg ) roughly corresponded to @number@ µg / kg.
conclusions : as compared with previous estimates , the prevalence of hypothyroidism rose by about @percent@ , driven mainly by non-iatrogenic forms.
the increase may be due to either population aging or improved diagnostic capability or both.
the frequent co-occurrence of hypothyroidism with other multiple chronic conditions characterizes it more as a comorbidity rather than an isolated chronic disease.
background : clinical guidelines recommend using predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ascvd ) risk to inform treatment decisions.
the objective was to compare the contribution of changes in modifiable risk factors versus aging to the development of high 10-year predicted ascvd risk.
we used the pooled cohort equations to calculate the incidence of high ( ≥7.5% ) 10-year predicted ascvd risk at visit @number@
the mean age at visit @number@ was @number@.2±9.5 years.
overall , @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @percent@ ) of participants developed high 10-year predicted ascvd risk.
among participants < 50 years , the contribution of increases in systolic blood pressure or antihypertensive medication initiation was similar to aging.
background : verbal fluency ( vf ) tasks are widely used in neuropsychological evaluations , as a measure of executive / semantic dysfunction.
results : mci group performed worse than controls in all vf tasks ( p < @number@ ) .
mci produced fewer words than controls in the second-half of the task for all categories ( p < @number@ ) .
background : with the aging of the population comes a greater need for geriatric and gerontology teaching.
however , there is currently a dearth of investigations on the impact of different educational methodologies for teaching in this area early in medical courses.
methods : an intervention-based study in education was conducted at the beginning of the first year of a medical course.
students submitted to educational strategies were compared against students with no intervention.
data were analysed using student's t , chi-squared or anova tests.
results : a total of @number@ students were assessed.
the \ "experiencing aging \ " intervention was associated with improvement in empathy but worsening of attitude.
conclusion : educational strategies can influence the attitudes and empathy of students , leading to different outcomes.
background : various factors including cardio-metabolic disorders are found to be correlated with frailty.
with the increase in age , older adults are likely to have elevated blood glucose level.
methods : at baseline total of @number@ subjects with a mean age of @number@ ( ±7.82 ) were included.
a total of @number@ older adults were followed up at @number@ months.
a frailty index ( fi ) with @number@ items was developed using rockwood's cumulative deficits method.
frailty index ≥0.25 was used as cut-off criteria for the diagnosis of frailty.
diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes was set according to the world health organization ( who ) criteria for fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) level.
and pre-diabetics had somewhat similar prevalence of @time@ % and slightly higher incidence of @percent@ for frailty than non-diabetic older adults.
the molecular mechanisms involved in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) -associated neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) remain poorly understood.
it has been recently reported that hiv-1 tat transactivation requires menin , suggesting that menin may be involved in hand pathogenesis.
but the role of menin is not clear.
background : declining muscle power during advancing age predicts falls and loss of independence.
high-intensity interval training ( hiit ) may improve muscle power , but remains largely unstudied in ageing participants.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is known to be closely associated with lifestyle and obesity and has a prevalence that increases with age.
the cutoffs identified could be used as a lifestyle-based risk index for dm.
maintaining an hlf to prevent dm is especially important for the elderly.
background : central nervous system ( cns ) infiltration by cd8 t cells is associated with neuroinflammation in many neurodegenerative diseases , including hiv-associated dementia.
however , the role of cd8 t cells in the cns during acute hiv infection ( ahi ) is unknown.
results : csf cd8 t cells were elevated in ahi compared with uninfected controls.
the frequency of activated csf cd8 t cells positively correlated to csf hiv rna and to markers of cns inflammation.
in contrast , activated csf cd8 t cells during chronic hiv infection were associated with markers of neurological injury and microglial activation.
conclusions : these results suggest that csf cd8 t cells in ahi expanding in the cns are functional and directed against hiv antigens.
these cells could thus play a beneficial role protective of injury seen in chronic hiv infection if combination antiretroviral therapy is initiated early.
the expression of long non-coding rnas ( lncrnas ) is dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
however , the functions and contributions of lncrnas remain largely unknown.
here , we identified a critical role of long intergenic non-protein coding rna @number@ ( linc00858 ) in nsclc.
ectopic expression of linc00858 in nsclc cells promoted cell proliferation and induced cell migration and invasion.
in nsclc patients , high expression of linc00858 closely correlated with tumor progression.
thus , targeting the cerna network involving linc00858 may be used as a treatment strategy against nsclc.
objective : to better understand the factors shaping eol care in nunavik to support the development of a sustainable model of care.
discussion : building a sustainable model of eol care requires respectful collaboration among governing structures , healthcare institutions , and community members.
it must centrally value local knowledge and initiatives.
furthermore , foods that are often high in sugar , such as processed foods , are typically lacking in nutrient quality.
data were compared with current united kingdom ( uk ) dietary reference value ( drv ) for fs via a t test.
furthermore , fs intake of the u18s was significantly lower than the u13 / 14s and u15 / 16s ( p < @number@ ) .
additionally , micronutrient reference intakes were generally met.
in conclusion , we provide novel data on dietary sugar , fibre , and micronutrient intake within elite youth soccer players.
practitioners should target improving player education around sugar and fibre consumption.
brain glucose uptake declines during aging and is significantly impaired in alzheimer's disease.
ketones are the main alternative brain fuel to glucose so they represent a potential approach to compensate for the brain glucose reduction.
this study aimed to evaluate the acute ketogenic effect of @number@ doses of caffeine ( @number@ @number@ mg / kg ) in @number@ healthy adults.
caffeine given at breakfast significantly stimulated ketone production in a dose-dependent manner ( @percent@ ; @percent@ ) and also raised plasma free fatty acids.
whether caffeine has long-term ketogenic effects or could enhance the ketogenic effect of medium chain triglycerides remains to be determined.
age-related cataractogenesis is associated with disulfide-linked high molecular weight ( hmw ) crystallin aggregates.
cell proteomics , @number@ 3211-23 ( @number@ ) ) .
by extrapolation , these findings may be of broader significance for age- and disease-related dysfunctions associated with oxidant stress.
the amyloid hypothesis suggests that beta-amyloid ( aβ ) deposition leads to alterations in neural function and ultimately to cognitive decline in alzheimer's disease.
however , factors that underlie aβ deposition are incompletely understood.
one proposed model suggests that synaptic activity leads to increased aβ deposition.
more specifically , hyperactivity in the hippocampus may be detrimental and could be one factor that drives aβ deposition.
we found that greater hippocampal activation at baseline was associated with increased aβ accumulation.
these findings support a model linking increased hippocampal activation to subsequent aβ deposition and cognitive decline.
this article analyses the extent to which frailty and dementia are better understood in the context of new forms of insecurity affecting the life course.
this large body of work has produced important insights but also contains numerous problems and weaknesses.
these changes have particular consequences for individual identities and social relations.
following this , the article considers studies of dementia and social class that focus on lay understandings and biographical accounts.
sociological insights in this field come from the view that dementia and social class are embedded in social relations.
thus , forms of distinction based on class relations may still play an important role in the lived experience of dementia.
accompanying the ageing of contemporary ageing societies is an increase in age associated morbidity , with dementia having an important impact.
specifically , we explore this dichotomy in the context of societal understandings and responses to dementia.
to alleviate the stress and restore homeostasis , the er activates a signaling network called the unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
the upr has three arms , which regulate protein synthesis and expression of many er chaperone and regulatory proteins.
however , the role of individual upr pathways in skeletal muscle has just begun to be investigated.
recent studies suggest that upr pathways play pivotal roles in muscle stem cell homeostasis , myogenic differentiation , and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle.
accumulating evidence also suggests that er stress may have important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies and genetic muscle disorders.
to learn more about their genetic ancestry , we analyzed @number@ modern and @number@ ancient mitogenomes from sardinia.
we observed that @percent@ of modern mitogenomes cluster into @number@ haplogroups that most likely arose in situ.
for each sardinian-specific haplogroup ( ssh ) , we also identified the upstream node in the phylogeny , from which non-sardinian mitogenomes radiate.
this provided minimum and maximum time estimates for the presence of each ssh on the island.
in agreement with demographic evidence , almost all sshs coalesce in the post-nuragic , nuragic and neolithic-copper age periods.
the evaluation of tmd signs and symptoms was performed using the fonseca anamnestic index ( iaf ) as to sociodemographic , systemic and otological factors.
the results were analyzed by correlating the study factors and the prevalence of tmd.
a @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) and a @percent@ significance level were established for all the tests used.
results : the results showed that @percent@ of the subjects presented some degree of tmd.
the prevalence of tmd was @percent@ among non-institutionalized elderly individuals and of @percent@ among institutionalized individuals.
conclusion : the prevalence of tmd was significant among the elderly population.
there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of tmd in institutionalized and non-institutionalized individuals.
age affects mortality rates from all diseases differently than it affects mortality rates from nonbiological causes.
materials and methods : nonbiological causes are excluded , and the category \ "all diseases \ " is studied.
it is analyzed in denmark , finland , norway , and sweden during the period 1994-2011 , and all possible models are screened.
age trajectories of mortality are analyzed separately : before the age category where mortality reaches its minimal value and after the age category.
results : resulting age trajectories from all diseases showed a strong minimum , which was hidden in total mortality.
the inverse proportion between mortality and age fitted in @number@ of @number@ cases before mortality minimum.
the mean age where mortality reached minimal value was @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval @number@ @date@ ) years.
the figures depict an age where the human population has a minimal risk of death from biological causes.
life expectancy should be determined by the two standard gompertz parameters and also by the single parameter in the model c / x.
all-disease mortality represents an alternative tool to study the impact of age.
all results are based on published data.
all patients with aki were followed up for @number@ days after aki diagnosis or until death.
survivors were divided into recovery and nonrecovery groups according to their rf @number@ days post-aki.
the median age of this population was @number@ years , with @percent@ being male.
the 90-day mortality rate was @percent@.
of the @number@ survivors , @number@ ( @percent@ ) recovered to their baseline egfr.
aki etiology , evaluated by peak serum creatinine ( scr ) level and the requirement for dialysis , was not associated with nonrenal recovery.
identifying risk factors may help to improve patient outcomes.
none : hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis.
patients outside clinical trials seldom benefit from evidence-based monitoring.
the objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of complying with hcc screening guidelines.
transition probabilities were derived mainly from two french cohorts , cirvir and changh.
costs were computed using french and u.s. tariffs.
effectiveness was measured in life years gained ( lyg ) .
an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( icer ) was calculated for a 10-year horizon and tested with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.
survival increased by @number@ years ( @number@ vs. @number@ years ) .
the icer was $ 1 , 754 per lyg in france and $ 32 , 415 per lyg in the united states.
the health gain resulted from earlier diagnosis and access to first-line curative treatments , among which rfa provided the best value for money.
( hepatology @number@ ; 65 : 1237-1248 ) .
objectives : there is limited research in cognition and its relationship to mortality after hip fracture among men compared to women.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : eight hospitals in baltimore , maryland.
participants : frequency matched @number@ male and @number@ female hip fracture patients , ages @number@ or older , living in the community before fracture.
results : men had more impaired cognitive scores on 3ms , mmse , hvot , and trails a ( p < @number@ ) at baseline.
men had higher 6-month mortality rates ( hr = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the highest mortality was among men with 3ms < 78 , with @percent@ dying within @number@ months.
the effects of cognition on mortality did not differ by sex.
sarcopenia encompasses the loss of muscle mass and strength / function during aging.
several methods are available for the estimation of muscle or lean body mass.
the gastrointestinal ( gi ) system is responsible for the digestion and absorption of ingested food and liquids.
gi diseases refer to diseases of the esophagus , stomach , small intestine , colon , and rectum.
many gi disorders are difficult to diagnose and their symptoms are not effectively managed.
thus , basic research is required to drive the development of novel therapeutics which are urgently needed.
aging , injuries , and diseases can be considered as the result of malfunctioning or damaged cells.
then the two types of psc can be differentiated , using standardized protocols , towards the cell type necessary for the regeneration.
in preliminary studies , antioxidant vitamins and amino acids with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties show potential to restore the anabolic response associated with protein ingestion.
this narrative review considers the key challenges facing healthcare professionals and policymakers responsible for providing care to populations in relation to bone health.
systematic approaches to case-finding individuals who are at high risk of sustaining fragility fractures are described.
approaches to deliver primary fracture prevention in a clinically effective and cost-effective manner are also explored.
public awareness of osteoporosis is low worldwide.
if older people are to be more pro-active in the management of their bone health , that needs to change.
effective disease awareness campaigns have been implemented in some countries but need to be undertaken in many more.
a multisector effort is also required to support patients and their clinicians to have meaningful discussions concerning the risk-benefit ratio of osteoporosis treatment.
with regard to prioritisation of fragility fracture prevention in national policy , there is much to be done.
in the developing world , robust epidemiological estimates of fracture incidence are required to inform policy development.
in model organisms , over @number@ genes have been shown to modulate aging , the collection of which we call the ' gerontome'.
although some individual aging-related genes have been the subject of intense scrutiny , their analysis as a whole has been limited.
in particular , the genetic interaction of aging and age-related pathologies remain a subject of debate.
in this work , we perform a systematic analysis of the gerontome across species , including human aging-related genes.
first , by classifying aging-related genes as pro- or anti-longevity , we define distinct pathways and genes that modulate aging in different ways.
sickness absence ( sa ) among pregnant women is high.
sa was measured as a ratio of days on sa divided by potential working days.
negative binomial regression was performed for individual and within-pair effects.
musculoskeletal pain , but not mental distress , was prospectively associated with overall sa during pregnancy in the adjusted individual-level analyses.
within-pair estimates were similar , suggesting little or no familial confounding.
sa during pregnancy seems partly to be associated with different factors than sa in general.
dysfunction of the intestinal barrier plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) and multiple organ failure.
compared to a negative control , @number@ h pre-incubation with @number@ mg ml brain network connectivity differs across individuals.
for example , older adults exhibit less segregated resting-state subnetworks relative to younger adults ( chan et al. , @number@ ) .
it has been hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity impact the recruitment of brain areas during task execution.
this \ "activation selectivity \ " was specific to those brain systems that were central to each of the tasks.
increasing age was accompanied by less differentiated network topology and a corresponding reduction in activation selectivity ( or differentiation ) across relevant network nodes.
the results provide evidence that connectional topology of brain areas quantified at rest relates to the functional activity of those areas during task.
a particular focus of these studies is group differences and identification of participants at risk of deteriorating to a worse diagnosis.
for this , statistical analysis using linear mixed-effects ( lme ) models are used to account for correlated observations from individuals measured over time.
a bayesian framework for lme models in ad is introduced in this paper to provide additional insight often not found in current lme volumetric analyses.
the application of a bayesian lme framework allows for additional information to be extracted from longitudinal studies.
this provides health professionals with valuable information of neurodegeneration stages , and a potential to provide a better understanding of disease pathology.
glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) is present in virtually every human cell type.
although the natural ligand of the glucocorticoid receptor , glucocorticoids ( gc ) represent only some of the multiple ligands for gr.
many xenobiotics , if inadequately metabolized by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and not wholly eliminated , could have deleterious toxic effects with potentially lethal consequences.
gr promiscuity and crosstalk with other signaling pathways is discussed , alongside novel roles for gr that include mood disorder and addiction.
no association for episodic memory impairment was found.
discussion : impairment in executive function is specifically and linearly associated with higher health care expenditures.
focusing on management strategies that address early losses in executive function may be effective in reducing costly services.
introduction : information on anticipated survival time after dementia diagnosis among racially / ethnically diverse patients is needed to plan for care and evaluate disparities.
kaplan-meier curves were estimated for survival after dementia diagnosis by race / ethnicity.
we contrasted mortality patterns among people with versus without dementia using cox proportional hazards models.
longer postdiagnosis survival among racial / ethnic minorities compared with whites persisted after adjustment for comorbidities.
racial / ethnic mortality inequalities among dementia patients mostly paralleled mortality inequalities among people without dementia.
discussion : survival after dementia diagnosis differs by race / ethnicity , with shortest survival among whites and longest among asian americans.
here we present the case of rg3487 , a molecule which induced fah and , later on , tumors in rats.
because the molecule was negative in genotoxicity assays it was classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen.
background : subjective reports of insomnia and hypersomnia are common in bipolar disorder ( bd ) .
it is unclear to what extent these relate to underlying circadian rhythm disturbance ( crd ) .
in this study we aimed to objectively assess sleep and circadian rhythm in a cohort of patients with bd compared to matched controls.
patients with abnormal sleep had lower 24-h melatonin secretion compared to controls and patients with normal sleep.
abnormal sleep / crd in bd was associated with impaired functioning and worse qol.
conclusions : bd is associated with high rates of abnormal sleep and crd.
the association between these disorders , mood and functioning , and the direction of causality , warrants further investigation.
patients were assessed with the camberwell assessment of need for the elderly / cane.
results : the majority of diagnoses were depression ( @percent@ ) , dementia ( @percent@ ) , and schizophrenia ( @percent@ ) .
these different perspectives are crucial when assessing and planning psychiatric and mental health services.
background : physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of chronic disease in canadian adults.
healthesteps™ participants are provided with in-person lifestyle coaching and access to ehealth technologies delivered in community-based primary care clinics and health care organizations.
there are @number@ phases of the healthesteps™ program , lasting @number@ months each.
the active phase consists of bi-monthly in-person coaching with access to a full suite of ehealth technology supports.
these results will inform future optimization and scaling up of the program into additional community-based primary care sites.
trial registration : nct02413385 ( clinicaltrials.gov ) .
date registered : @date@ .
lipid traits ( total , low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and triglycerides ) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
dna methylation is not only an inherited but also modifiable epigenetic mark that has been related to cardiovascular risk factors.
our aim was to identify loci showing differential dna methylation related to serum lipid levels.
blood dna methylation was assessed using the illumina human methylation @number@ beadchip.
in turn , srebf1 expression was directly associated with hdl cholesterol ( p-value = @number@ ) .
genetic variants in srebf1 , phospho1 , abcg1 and cpt1a were also associated with lipid profile.
in the current study , we investigated whether a partial reduction of drp1 protect neurons from phosphorylated tau-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in ad progression.
using biochemical and immunoblotting methods , mitochondrial function and phosphorylated tau were measured.
mitochondrial dysfunction was reduced in tauxdrp1 + / − mice relative to tau mice.
phosphorylated tau found to be reduced in tauxdrp1 + / − mice relative to tau mice.
findings of this study may have implications for the development of drp1 based therapeutics for patients with ad and other tauopathies.
hiv-infected adults ( ≥18 years ) who initiated art were observed for first ncd occurrence between @date@ and @date@ .
results : we included > 50000 persons with > 250000 person-years of follow-up.
median follow-up was @number@ ( interquartile range , @number@.4 8.1 ) years.
rates of first occurrence ( per @number@ person-years ) were @number@ for dm , @number@ for ckd , and @number@ for htn.
recent studies of factors contributing to α-synuclein toxicity and its disruption of downstream cellular pathways have expanded our understanding of disease pathogenesis in synucleinopathies.
finally , we summarize recent efforts toward the development of targeted therapies for pd and related synucleinopathies.
methods : a systematic search was conducted on medline , scopus and african index medicus.
we reviewed articles on sub-saharan african people living with hiv ( plhiv ) > 18 years old , published until @date@ .
results : of @number@ articles , @number@ were conducted in six african countries and included in this review.
five articles reported information on functional limitation and one on disability.
two of these five articles reported functional limitation ( low gait speed ) in plhiv.
disability was observed in @percent@ and @percent@ of plhiv living in rural and urban places , respectively.
two of three studies reporting grip strength reported lower grip strength ( nearly @number@ kg ) in plhiv in comparison with uninfected patients.
further studies are needed to depict this major public health challenge.
hrqol and several indicators of cardio-metabolic status and fitness were assessed.
improvements were maintained or continued ( eg , mental well-being ) overtime.
after the intervention , the intervention group exhibited better hrqol than the control group at each of the measurement phases.
between-group differences were also observed for some indicators of cardiovascular health and flexibility.
objective : to assess associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) and measures of brain health in a population-based sample of adults.
nafld was identified after exclusion of other causes of liver fat.
total tissue volume ( ttv ) and gray matter cerebral blood flow ( gm-cbf ) were estimated using 3t brain mr images.
results : nafld prevalence was @percent@.
bmi and vat attenuated this relationship , providing insight into the potential metabolic role of liver fat in brain health and disease.
organisms store energy from food and sunlight as an electrochemical gradient across the membranes of mitochondria , chloroplasts and bacteria.
this perspective describes how the proton gradient is formed.
the molecules that carry out these roles are complex , utilizing non-amino acid cofactors and earth-abundant metals.
however , these are also potential sources of high-energy toxic byproducts.
background and purpose : intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) volume , particularly if ≥30 ml , is a major determinant of poor outcome.
we used a multinational ich data registry to study the characteristics , course , and outcomes of supratentorial hematomas with volumes < 30 ml.
methods : basic characteristics , clinical and radiological course , and 30-day outcomes of these patients were recorded.
outcomes were categorized as early neurological deterioration ( end ) , hematoma expansion , glasgow outcome scale ( gos ) , and in-hospital death.
poor outcome was defined as composite of in-hospital death and severe disability ( gos ≤ @number@ ) .
comparison was conducted based on hemorrhage location.
logistic regression using dichotomized outcome scales was applied to determine predictors of poor outcome.
results : among @number@ cases of supratentorial ich with volumes < 30 ml , expansion and end rates were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
expansion rates did not differ according to ich location.
age , admission glasgow coma scale , intraventricular extension , and end were independently associated with poor outcome.
there was no difference in poor outcome rates between lobar and deep locations ( @percent@ versus @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : patients with supratentorial ich < 30 ml have high rates of poor outcome at @number@ days , regardless of location.
nearly @number@ in @number@ hematomas < 30 ml expands , leading to end or death.
this descriptive study piloted two different approaches to distribute narrative-based hiv educational videos.
in ltc facilities where external educators were provided , a larger proportion of staff watched the videos.
however , increases in staff comfort level providing care to plhiv were comparable between both groups.
surprisingly , he wrote the poem as a young man.
methods : in this qualitative study , we used a hermeneutic approach to interpret gerontion from a psychiatric perspective.
readers of the poem can simultaneously experience the suffering of an old man and the identity crisis of a young man.
the poem can thus further insight into the development of contempt and promote empathy and professionalism in dealing with states such as late-life depression.
consequently it is well suited for use in medical classes on these issues , particularly because it is much shorter than a novel or film.
the aging brain undergoes several anatomical changes that can be measured with magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
the results show that aging has a heterogenous effects across regions.
across the subcortical areas an increase of [ formula : see text ] values is observed , most likely indicating a loss of myelin.
aging also results in a location shift for a number of structures indicating the need for visualization of the anatomy of individual brains.
background : there is a growing interest in simple molecular biomarkers for biological aging.
notably , those cpgs that revealed significant association with life expectancy were overall rather hypomethylated upon aging.
our data suggest that particularly specific cpgs that become hypomethylated upon aging are indicative of biological aging.
osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disease featured by osteopenia and adipose accumulation in bone tissue.
moreover , the expression of anti-aging / senescence sirt1 was reported to decline along with aging.
therefore , we hypothesized that nlrp3 inflammasome activation promotes adipogenesis and repress osteogenesis in mscs via inhibiting sirt1 expression.
lps / pa treatment significantly increased nlrp3 expression , decreased sirt1 expression and promoted caspase-1 activity in mscs.
lps / pa treatment also boosted adipogenesis of mscs and suppressed osteogenesis.
moreover , inhibition of caspase-1 activity repressed adipogenic differentiation and partially improved osteogenic differentiation of mscs with lps / pa treatment.
thus , our understanding on early neuropathy in these diseases remains relatively limited.
the complicated nature of various neuropathic features manifested early in neurodegenerative diseases suggests the involvement of a system-wide transcriptional regulation and epigenetic control.
epigenetic alterations and consequent changes in the neuronal transcriptome are now begun to be extensively studied in various neurodegenerative diseases.
aging may enhance both oxidative stress and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem-cell ( msc ) differentiation into adipocytes.
that reduces osteoblastogenesis , thus favoring bone-mass loss and fracture , representing an important worldwide health-issue , mainly in countries with aging populations.
intake of antioxidant products may help to retain bone-mass density.
interestingly , a novel olive-pomace physical treatment to generate olive oil also yields by-products rich in functional antioxidants.
after treatment , serum from such women showed reduced both lipidic peroxidation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) .
besides , vitamin e and coenzyme q10 levels increased.
furthermore , culture medium containing @percent@ of such serum both increased osteoblastogenesis and reduced adipogenesis in human msc from bone marrow.
no changes in body weight , bmi or body fat percentage occurred as a result of the intervention in either group.
the results demonstrate that a relatively short-term bikram yoga practice might significantly improve vascular endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults.
method : thirty volunteers were randomized into two groups-pilates group ( pg ) and control group ( cg ) .
the pg exercises were performed twice weekly for @number@ weeks.
evaluations were performed pre and post-intervention , for isokinetic muscular strength of the elbow flexors and extensors and functionality of the upper limbs.
evolutionary algorithms constitute a family of search algorithms which base their operation on an analogy from the evolution of species in nature.
background knowledge on the concept of ageing , as this is defined scientifically for biological systems , is subsequently presented.
we systematically searched psycinfo , ovid and pubmed for studies evaluating dual task performances of children and adolescents < 18 years of age.
@number@ studies published in english from @number@ to @number@ were included.
a descriptive analysis was used for data extraction and charting.
by the time the process of oncogenesis has produced an advanced cancer , tumor cells have undergone extensive evolution.
yet with all of our current knowledge of tumor biology , the details of early oncogenesis have been difficult to observe and understand.
it is also becoming clear that somatic mutations , including those in known oncogenic drivers , are common in tissues starting at a young age.
these observations raise the question : how do we largely avoid cancer for most of our lives ?
here we propose that evolutionary forces can help explain this paradox.
as tissue integrity declines , it becomes less capable of supporting and maintaining resident stem cells.
the resulting oncogenic clonal expansions then increase the odds of further cancer progression.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : evolutionary principles - heterogeneity in cancer ? , edited by dr. robert a. gatenby.
an animal's size is central to its ecology , yet remarkably little is known about the selective pressures that drive this trait.
our results show that familiarity with the arboreal-like course allowed the athletes to substantially reduce their energy expenditure.
furthermore , athletes with larger arm spans and shorter legs were particularly adept at finding energetic savings.
however , the evidence for their effectiveness is contradictory and weakened by reliance on single-group designs and / or small samples.
additionally , older adults with multiple chronic conditions ( mcc ) are often excluded because of recruiting and retention challenges.
methods / design : the study will enroll @number@ participants in two canadian provinces , ontario and alberta.
participants will be randomly assigned to the control ( usual care ) or program study arm.
the 6-month program includes three in-home visits , monthly group sessions , monthly team meetings for providers , and nurse-led care coordination.
secondary client outcomes include changes in mental functioning , depressive symptoms , anxiety , and self-efficacy.
caregiver outcomes include health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms.
descriptive and qualitative data will be collected to examine implementation of the program and effects on interprofessional / team collaboration.
discussion : this study will provide evidence of the effectiveness of a community-based self-management program for a complex target population.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , identifier : nct02158741 .
registered on @date@ .
however , vascular risk factor control is frequently poor among stroke survivors , particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged blacks , latinos and other people of color.
participants are excluded if they do not speak english , spanish , cantonese , mandarin , or korean or if they are unable to consent.
the primary outcome is blood pressure ( bp ) control ( systolic bp < 130 mmhg ) at @number@ year.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct01763203 .
the drinking motives questionnaire measures motives for alcohol consumption on four subscales.
coping with negative affect and enhancement of positive affect have been shown to be associated with high levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems.
few studies exist concerning drinking motives among treatment-seeking patients.
there were @number@ treatment-seeking patients recruited from four addiction treatment clinics in sweden.
main drinking motives were identified.
a confirmatory factor analysis was run to confirm the factor structure of the shortened-form of the revised drinking motives questionnaire.
a logistic regression using the enter method was performed to investigate associations between predictors and alcohol use disorder identification test scores.
the results confirmed the four-factor structure reported in studies on non-treatment-seeking individuals.
coping was the most commonly expressed motive.
recent evidence has shown that dna replication stress is a major driver of genomic instability and tumorigenesis.
deregulation of mrrs following oncogene activation or loss-of-function of caretaker genes may be the cause of chromosomal aberrations that promote cancer initiation and progression.
all participants underwent collection of blood samples , neuropsychological assessment , and 3-t mri.
exposures : n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( nt-probnp ) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t ( hs-ctnt ) concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.
cardiac disease was defined as a history of atrial fibrillation , ischemic heart diseases , or congestive heart failure.
main outcomes and measures : the cmis were graded according to a previously validated protocol.
seventy participants ( @percent@ ) had cortical cmis ( median , @number@ range , 0-43 ) .
these associations persisted even after excluding patients with clinically manifest cardiac disease.
hence , cardiac dysfunction should be targeted as a potentially modifiable factor to prevent cmi-related brain injury.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
methods : participants were workers aged 50 + enrolled in the health and retirement study , @number@ to @number@
participants reported physical ability within three domains : physical effort , stooping / kneeling / crouching , and lifting.
to measure subjective job demand , participants rated their job's demands within domains.
we generated objective job demand measures through the occupational information network ( onet ) .
using poisson regression , we modeled the association between physical ability , job demand , and self-reported occupational injury.
a second model explored interaction between job demand and physical ability.
results : the injury rate was 22 / 1000 worker-years.
higher job demand was associated with increased injury risk.
within high job demands , lower physical ability was associated with increased injury risk.
conclusions : older workers whose physical abilities do not meet job demands face increased injury risk.
self-association of amyloidogenic proteins is the main pathological trigger in a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
these aggregates are deposited inside or outside the cell due to hereditary mutations , environmental exposures or even normal aging.
cumulative evidence indicates that the heat shock chaperone hsp70 possesses robust neuroprotection against various intracellular amyloids in drosophila and mouse models.
however , its protective role against extracellular amyloids was largely unknown as its presence outside the cells is very limited.
in this extra view article , we extend our analysis to other members of the heat shock protein family.
we created phic31-based transgenic lines for human hsp27 , hsp40 , hsp60 and hsp70 and compared their activities in parallel against extracellular aβ42.
strikingly , only secreted hsp70 exhibits robust protection against aβ42-triggered toxicity in the extracellular milieu.
the potential applications of this engineered chaperone are discussed.
however , cha found little or no mention of the needs of the elderly and their family caregivers.
this was surprising , given the rapid aging of the u.s. population , a population that is living longer with multiple chronic conditions.
cellular senescence contributes to organismal development , aging , and diverse pathologies , yet available assays to detect senescent cells remain unsatisfactory.
\ "cellular senescence \ " is a state in which cells undergo irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to a variety of cellular stresses.
once cells senesce , they are strongly resistant to any mitogens , including oncogenic stimuli.
therefore , cellular senescence has been assumed to be a potent anticancer mechanism.
although irreversible cell-cycle arrest is traditionally considered the major characteristic of senescent cells , recent studies have revealed some additional functions.
thus , sasps appear to be beneficial or deleterious , depending on the biological context.
here , we focus on and discuss the functional and regulatory network of sasps toward opening up new possibilities for controlling aging and aging-associated diseases.
delirium is a common problem associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality.
however , the brain dysfunction that leads some individuals to develop delirium in response to stressors is unclear.
based on this literature , we propose a conceptual model for delirium.
we propose that delirium results from a breakdown of brain function in individuals with impairments in brain connectivity and brain plasticity exposed to a stressor.
objective : to evaluate 12-month effectiveness and safety of vyc-17.5l for the treatment of moderate / severe nasolabial folds ( nlfs ) .
methods : subjects ≥18 years old with moderate / severe nlfs were recruited ( n = @number@ ) .
injected volume was aimed at achieving optimum correction ; top-up treatment was given at @number@ weeks if needed.
the primary endpoint was investigator-assessed change in nlf severity over @number@ months using the validated photonumeric nlf severity scale.
secondary endpoints included investigator- and subject-assessed satisfaction and safety.
adverse events judged to be more severe or prolonged than routinely observed were recorded.
results : sixty-five subjects completed study requirements.
mean volume injected was @number@ ± @number@ ml for both nlfs combined.
significant improvement was maintained in investigator-assessed nlf severity at @number@ months , and investigators and subjects reported high satisfaction with vyc-17.5l throughout the study.
conclusion : vyc-17.5l is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of moderate to severe nlfs for @number@ year.
the decline of tissue function in ageing is a consequence of many changes in the gene expression and other extrinsic factors.
however , the source regulator of time-lapse gene expression control still remains unknown.
here , we have reviewed microrna molecules related to the ageing of bones and studies that investigated age-related bone tissue gene expression.
the personalised diagnostic algorithms in the future should be therefore based on the combination of multiple biomarkers.
until now , little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of microrna expression and genes in ageing.
we have proposed a link between telomere length and gene expression profiles , however this now needs to be further investigated.
neurons are highly differentiated cells responsible for the conduction and transmission of information in the nervous system.
the proper function of a neuron relies on the compartmentalization of their intracellular domains.
differentiated neuroblastoma cells have been extensively used to study and understand the physiology and cell biology of neuronal cells.
most of the microtubule-promoting factors were up regulated during differentiation of n1e-115 cells , while microtubule-destabilizing proteins were down regulated.
we observed an increase in tubulin post-translational modifications related to microtubule stability.
as expected , db-camp increased pka- and epac-dependent signalling.
consistently , pharmacological modulation of epac activity instructed cell differentiation , number of neurites , and neurite length in n1e-115 cells.
moreover , disruption of the pka-akap interaction reduced these morphometric parameters.
interestingly , pka and epac act synergistically to induce neuronal differentiation in n1e-115.
late-onset asthma is common , associated with poor outcome , underdiagnosed and undertreated , possibly due to the modifying effect of ageing on disease expression.
elderly individuals , therefore , often require further objective tests , including bronchial challenge testing , to objectively confirm asthma.
if necessary , a trial of oral or inhaled corticosteroid might be necessary.
however , most recommendations are based on extrapolation from findings in younger patients.
comorbidities are very common in patients with late-onset asthma and need to be taken into account in the management of the disease.
future studies should focus on the development of evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and the pharmacological therapy of asthma in the elderly , including late-onset asthma.
none : obtaining vascular smooth muscle tissue with mature , functional elastic fibers is a key obstacle in tissue-engineered blood vessels.
poor elastin secretion and organization leads to a loss of specialization in contractile smooth muscle cells , resulting in over proliferation and graft failure.
we show that culturing under pulsatile flow resulted in organized and functional hipsc derived smooth muscle tissue.
immunohistochemistry analysis revealed hipsc-smooth muscle tissue with robust , well-organized cells and elastic fibers and the supporting microfibril proteins necessary for elastic fiber assembly.
statement of significance : obtaining robust , mature elastic fibers is a key obstacle in tissue-engineered blood vessels.
human induced-pluripotent stem cells have become of interest due to their ability to supplement tissue engineered scaffolds.
this study highlights an effective approach to engineering elastic functional vascular smooth muscle tissue for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
introduction : aging is associated with increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers and reduced muscle mass and strength.
we measured serum and mrna expression levels of inflammatory markers in pbmcs.
glycation reaction is a recognized mechanism related to chronological aging.
previous investigations in cutaneous biology have considered the effect of glycation on the dermal matrix molecules , involved in tissue stiffening during skin aging.
however , little is known about a possible direct effect of glycation upon cell differentiation.
no studies exist , however , evaluating the impact of this standardization on its predictive ability.
methods : data were taken from the toledo study for healthy aging , a population-based , community-dwelling study conducted on @number@ individuals over @number@
frailty prevalences were compared using chi-square statistic.
cox proportional hazard models and logistic regressions evaluated the predictive ability of both tools.
lastly , survival tests were applied.
furthermore s-fpc predicted death and hospitalization at shorter times than fpc ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : fpc should be standardized according to the characteristics of the population in order to improve its predictive ability.
among healthy older adults , lower receptor binding may be associated with slower processing speed.
multinomial processing tree ( mpt ) models are an effective way to estimate these conditional probabilities.
moreover , mpts make explicit the assumptions behind different ways to parameterise item and source memory.
objective : increasing evidence has suggested an association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk , although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent.
methods : pertinent studies were identified by searching pubmed and embase databases up to @date@ .
five out of six included studies were cross-sectional and one was a prospective cohort study.
they included @number@ participants from three different countries.
we extracted @number@ individuals in these studies for our meta-analysis.
despite sepsis being a life-threatening disease , targeted drugs that improve the therapy of affected patients are still lacking.
infants and adults differ in the maturity level of their immune system and this results in distinct reactions to gram-negative bacteria.
surprisingly , solid historical data reveal the epidemic is a creature of the last century.
that is , the disease was also rare in developed countries , until the 20th century.
it is disappointing that these historical and demographic facts have been ignored by the alzheimer's disease scientific community.
disappointing because these facts clearly point at an environmental change in the 20th century in developed countries as a major factor in causing the epidemic.
the two sources of copper-2 ingestion are drinking water and multimineral supplement pills containing copper.
the increase in copper plumbing use in developed countries parallels the increasing prevalence of alzheimer's disease.
it is relatively easy to avoid or greatly diminish copper-2 ingestion by not using copper containing supplement pills and testing drinking water for copper levels.
if the copper in water is too high , a simple device can be put on the tap to remove copper.
in addition to the copper-2 hypothesis , this review covers dietary changes that enhance the epidemic.
purpose of review : the role of bone-derived factors in regulation of skeletal muscle function is an important emerging aspect of research into bone-muscle crosstalk.
recent findings : recent research shows that bone-derived factors can lead to changes in the skeletal muscle.
the bone is a preferred site for breast cancer metastasis and leads to pathological bone loss.
osteolytic cancer in the bone leads to release of tgfβ from the bone via osteoclast-mediated bone destruction.
multiple points of potential therapeutic intervention are discussed.
congestive heart failure ( chf ) is one of the major causes of death and occurs in more than @number@ patients worldwide.
the incidence is expected to increase in parallel with the aging population.
most current therapies for chf are medications , and biventricular pacing implantation as appropriated by cardiologists , or surgical interventions.
the heart transplantation for indicated patients is still gold standard surgery although the 10-year survival rate is approximately @percent@ based on the worldwide data.
however , the cardiac transplantation remains epidemiologically insignificant because of donor pool limitations.
new strategies for treating chf are needed.
in addition to conventional cardiac surgery , surgical ventricular restoration was reported as a promising surgical therapy in 1990s.
in this review , the principles of posterior cardiac restoration therapy will be discussed.
an overview of posterior cardiac restoration , structure , and torsion are presented.
surgeons will be able to select several options of the treatment for chf by understanding the advantages and disadvantages of those surgical treatments.
this increase might represent a protective mechanism towards acute insults in aging subjects.
the subjects that underwent cct did not show an increase of bdnf after bed rest , and showed an anti-insular modification pattern in metabolism.
cct , acting as an external protective mechanism , seems to modify this standardized response , avoiding bdnf increase or possibly modifying its time course.
walking and running have been found to increase hip bone mass in postmenopausal women.
however , the optimal speed to trigger osteogenesis is still under debate because the exact loading during different speeds is poorly characterized.
comparison between same speeds in walking and running revealed that in contrast to young no additional hip loading is imposed during running in elderly.
the present study offers an insight into the differences in hip loading profile in postmenopausal women during walking and running at different speeds.
such information is crucial to medical experts that target site-specific bone loading through exercise in elderly populations in order to prevent hip bone loss.
both the ageing of the chinese population and elderly mobility impact on the chinese social infrastructure , triggering challenges to maintain elderly wellbeing.
qualitative methods including participant observation , non-participant observation , in-depth interviews , and mobile ethnography were used to collect data.
this revealed the heterogeneity of health conditions , and the constrained mobilities of seasonal retirees.
seasonal mobilities bring about difficulties for retirees particularly in terms of their efforts to reconstruct their previous life and self-continuities.
those with serious health problems have more limitations , sacrificing other aspects of wellbeing for physical health.
practical implications from state , destination , and individual levels to better facilitate seasonal mobility and promote wellbeing are provided.
design : cross-sectional examination of previous ce and past-month ptsd outcomes and depression in @number@ frs.
differences across occupational groups were also examined.
receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of ce indexes.
results : all indexes were significantly and differently associated with ptsd ; associations with depression were non-significant.
in general , the indexes showed poor to fair discrimination accuracy.
conclusions : work-related ce is specifically associated with ptsd.
focusing on the variety of exposures may be a simple and effective strategy to predict ptsd in frs.
it is widely accepted that the brain and the immune system continuously interact during normal as well as pathological functioning.
human aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation in both the immune and central nervous systems , thought to contribute to many age-related diseases.
this review of the current literature focuses first on the normal neuroimmune interactions occurring in the brain , which promote learning , memory and neuroplasticity.
we survey the major immunomodulators and neuroregulators in the aging brain and their highly tuned dynamic and reciprocal interactions.
embryonic development is critical for the final functionality and maintenance of the adult brain.
brain development is tightly regulated by intracellular and extracellular signaling.
lysine acetylation and deacetylation are posttranslational modifications that are able to link extracellular signals to intracellular responses.
a wealth of evidence indicates that lysine acetylation and deacetylation are critical for brain development and functionality.
indeed , mutations of the enzymes and cofactors responsible for these processes are often associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
hence , fluctuations in the balance between lysine acetylation and deacetylation contribute to the final shape and performance of the brain.
a period of post-learning sleep benefits memory consolidation compared with an equal-length wake interval.
however , whether this sleep-based memory consolidation changes as a function of age remains controversial.
our results showed a significant overall sleep-based beneficial effect in young adults but not in older adults.
however , further analyses suggested that the age differences were mainly manifested in sleep-based declarative memory consolidation but not in procedural memory consolidation.
we discussed the possible underlying mechanisms for the age-related degradation in sleep-based memory consolidation.
skin cancers are the most common cancers worldwide.
this article is part of a special issue entitled mitochondria in cancer , edited by giuseppe gasparre , rodrigue rossignol and pierre sonveaux.
methods : we used cross-sectional data ( aging , demographics , and memory study ) to estimate probabilities of experiencing outcomes by clinical features.
for those experiencing an outcome , we estimated effects of clinical features on the amount of the outcome.
results : no clinical feature predicted the probability of having out-of-pocket medical expenditures.
for those with medical expenditures , higher cognition and poorer function were associated with more spending.
poorer function predicted having out-of-pocket nh expenditures.
for those with nh expenditures , no clinical feature predicted the amount.
poorer function and a greater number of behavioral and psychological symptoms predicted the probability of receiving caregiving.
for those receiving care , poorer function was associated with more caregiving.
conclusions : clinical features differentially impact outcomes with poorer function associated with all types of costs and caregiving received.
our results revealed an impairment in the neurovascular coupling along aging in the 3xtg-ad mice which preceded obvious cognitive decline.
this impairment was characterized by diminished cbf changes in response to normal or even increased no signals and associated with markers of nitroxidative stress.
overall , this work supports cerebrovascular dysfunction as a fundamental underlying process in ad pathology.
a series of ureas was prepared by reacting mono- or di- isocyanates with 3-amino-1h-1 , 2 , 4-triazole derivatives.
yet , there are remarkable individual differences in brain health and memory performance among oa.
cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) is one individual difference factor that may attenuate brain aging , and thereby contribute to enhanced source memory in oa.
the lo-old , but not the hi-old , showed source memory performance decrements compared to the young.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons.
we have recently identified sod1 and fus mutations as the most common causes in a consecutive series of @number@ familial als pedigrees in japan.
known variants in ang , optn , setx , and tardbp were identified in @number@ patients.
a novel likely pathogenic homozygous variant in als2 was identified in @number@ patient.
these findings indicate considerable differences in the genetic variations associated with familial als across populations.
further genetic analyses and functional studies of novel variants are warranted.
paternal aging is associated with increased risk of genetic disease transmission to the offspring.
in this article we review the age-related genetic and genomic changes that occur in the male germ line.
purpose : thumb carpometacarpal ( cmc ) arthritis contributes considerably to functional disability in the aging adult united states ( us ) population.
owing to the increasing growth in this segment of our population , its burden on health care resources will increase in the future.
variations exist in the degree of complexity and cost among different surgical treatments.
furthermore , we used surgeons ' unique identifiers to examine how their practice preferences have changed over time.
ninety-five percent of surgeons performed only @number@ type of surgical procedure , and among those , @percent@ of surgeons performed only trapeziectomy with lrti.
compared with @number@ the odds of a patient undergoing thumb cmc arthrodesis or prosthetic arthroplasty slightly increased between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : the majority of hand surgeons in the us use trapeziectomy with lrti as the surgical treatment of choice for thumb cmc arthritis.
national comparative studies are still needed to examine the effectiveness of various surgical options for the treatment of thumb cmc joint arthritis.
type of study / level of evidence : prognostic ii.
purpose : the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting work participation in older workers.
results : seven electronic databases were searched from inception to @date@ .
evidence from @number@ studies were synthesized in @number@ different intervention categories : multi-component , exercise , medication and other interventions.
there was not enough evidence to recommend the other interventions.
we recommend that multi-component interventions could be considered for implementation by practitioners to help improve work participation in older workers.
however , the lack of evidence should not be considered , as absence of effect and practitioners should continue to be creative in developing solutions.
problem : senior farmers have a @number@.6-fold risk of fatal injury compared to their younger counterparts.
usual educational interventions have resulted in limited success in reducing injury.
method : an innovative strategy , didactic readers theater , was piloted.
farmers ' stories provided the foundation for the scripts.
the approach incorporated adult learning strategies based on ajzen's theory of planned behavior.
the intervention was marketed as a \ "dinner theater \ " to farm couples.
three short socio-novels ( plays ) were presented by local farmers who served as actors.
following each play participants completed a reaction form and participated in a short discussion about the play's content.
one week later a phone survey was completed that tapped further reaction to the content and behavior changes.
results : thirty-three farm household individuals ( including @number@ couples ) participated.
participants expressed favorable reaction to the intervention.
within one week post intervention , @percent@ had made safety changes and @percent@ were \ "thinking about / intending \ " to make changes.
discussion : the use of real stories contributed to the success of this intervention.
farmers identified with the stories and began to think and talk about the impact that aging exerts on their health and safety.
interaction among the group identified work modifications which empowered the farmers to make positive changes in their own work behavior.
summary : educational interventions with farmers have met with limited success in reducing farm-related injuries.
moreover , few interventions have utilized the family unit.
this novel program , incorporating local organizations and using limited financial resources , resulted in swift behavior changes.
practical applications : total worker health includes not only the worker , but also the family.
interventions that include family units should be considered when possible.
this format is effective , easily adapted to local issues , can be delivered using existing infrastructure , and is acceptable to the farm community.
it is currently being tested on a larger scale.
mitochondria have been in the focus of oxidative stress and aging research for decades due to their permanent production of ros during the oxidative phosphorylation.
in addition we used an aging model and lon protease deficient hela cells to investigate the influence of mitochondrial degradation processes on lipofuscin formation.
we were able to show that mitophagy is impaired in senescent cells resulting in an increased mitochondrial mass and superoxide formation.
in addition , the inhibition of mitochondrial fission leads to increased lipofuscin formation.
we showed that bmscs secrete soluble factors that protect aml cells from ara-c induced cytotoxicity.
reduction of cell proliferation was also observed with activation of akt and mtor-dependent cell survival pathways , which may also contribute to the tumor chemoprotection.
the two year overall survival rate was @percent@ versus @percent@ respectively ( p = 0.0001 ) .
the spalt-like transcription factor @number@ ( sall4 ) oncogene plays a central function in embryo-fetal development and is absent in differentiated tissues.
evidence suggests that it can be reactivated in several cancers worsening the prognosis.
we aimed at investigating the risk associated with sall4 reactivation for all-cause mortality and recurrence in cancer using the current literature.
a pubmed and scopus search until @date@ was performed , focusing on perspective studies reporting prognostic parameters in cancer data.
in addition , @number@ datasets of different cancer types from the cancer genome atlas were considered.
aging is associated with a decline in autophagy and a state of low-grade inflammation which further affects apoptosis and autophagy.
importantly , these alterations could reverse with regular physical activity.
tg performed an 8-week resistance training program , while cg followed their daily routines.
resistance exercise also induced a decrease in nlrp3 expression and in the caspase-1 / procaspase-1 ratio.
these data could have a significant impact in prevention and rehabilitation programs currently employed in elderly population.
age is a critical factor in the prevalence of tauopathies , including alzheimer's disease.
unlike samp8 mice , pr5 mice are characterized by a robust tau pathology particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus.
analysis of age-matched sapt mice revealed that pathological tau phosphorylation was increased in these brain regions compared to those in the parental pr5 strain.
we therefore conclude that accelerated aging exacerbates pathological tau phosphorylation , leading to changes in normal behaviour.
design : multi-ethnic cross-sectional observational study.
compared to we and ac men , sa men had higher levels of body fat , ir , comorbidities and diabetes.
lh levels were higher in sa than we men in age-adjusted and fully adjusted models.
conclusions : t and cft are lower in sa men than in we and ac men.
whether ethnic-specific reference ranges for t and cft might be appropriate in clinical practice requires further investigation.
fnih threshold for alm ( < @time@ kg ) emerges as a useful tool to capture women with damage of the muscle-bone unit.
a european guidance regarding most adapted evaluation instruments of frailty is currently under public consultation.
pharmaceutical industry developers consider both faces of the coin very relevant.
we agree with regulators that better characterization of subpopulations , not only in elderly patients , can improve the benefit risk ratio of medicines.
neither age , nor task-type , nor iq reduced the observed heterogeneity , suggesting that these were not crucial moderators within the current meta-analysis.
background : ptosis of the earlobe is a common consequence of ageing , defined as an unappealingly large free caudal segment of over @number@ mm.
it is therefore important to consider reduction as a complement to rhytidectomy in selected patients.
moreover , facelifting operations can result in disproportionate or poorly positioned earlobes.
the presented technique , on the other hand , is versatile and easy to use , as it follows general geometric principles.
methods : excision of the designed area results in an earlobe flap which can be rotated in the excision defect.
this results in ideal scar locations , situated at the sub-antitragal groove and at the cheek junction.
the technique is adjustable , to incorporate potential piercing holes.
results : this technique takes approximately @number@ minutes per earlobe to complete.
the resulting earlobes have undisturbed free borders.
no vascularization-related flap problems were noted.
conclusions : this technique is a viable method for reducing the earlobe with minimally visible scars.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
both thresholds were also obtained while varying the position of the flanker ( placed inside or outside of target , relative to fixation ) .
crowding thresholds were also estimated with spatial uncertainty ( jitter ) .
additionally , we included a visual search task comprising gabor stimuli to investigate whether performance is related to top-down attention.
crowding was not affected by spatial jitter of the stimuli.
neither crowding nor surround suppression was predicted by attentional efficiency measured in the visual search task.
there was also no significant correlation between crowding and surround suppression.
furthermore , strengths of crowding and surround suppression did not correlate with each other nor could they be predicted by efficiency of visual search.
methods : als researchers worldwide were invited to participate in a detailed online survey to determine their attitudes and practices relating to genetic testing.
results : responses from @number@ clinicians from @number@ different countries were analyzed.
the majority of respondents ( @percent@ ) do not consider that there is a consensus definition of familial als ( fals ) .
most respondents ( @percent@ ) offer genetic testing to patients they define as having fals and @percent@ to patients with sporadic als.
four main genes ( conclusions : there is a lack of consensus among clinicians as to the definition of fals.
systemic hypoxia is a physiological and pathophysiological stress that activates the sympathoadrenal system and , in young adults , leads to peripheral vasodilation.
this type of analysis is a powerful and non-invasive tool to probe anatomical changes associated with neurodevelopment , aging , disease or experience-induced plasticity.
however , these comparisons could suffer from biases arising from vascular and metabolic subject- or time-dependent differences.
metabolic changes could lead to differences in dissolved oxygen in brain tissue , leading to t1 shortening.
although psychophysical studies on age-related changes in pain perception have been conducted over more than @number@ years , meta-analyses are still missing.
pain threshold increases with age , which is indicated by a large effect size.
in contrast , pain tolerance thresholds did not show substantial age-related changes.
the increased nampt during osteoblast differentiation , the enzyme catalyzing nad resynthesis from nicotinamide was noted.
here we report the role of nampt in regulating osteoblast differentiation in primary mouse bm-mscs.
we found that nampt expression was progressively elevated during bm-mscs osteogenic differentiation.
in addition , declined osteoblastogenesis by nampt deficiency or addition of fk866 was related to lower intracellular nad concentration and decreased sirt1 activity.
new steroids , klyflaccisteroids k-m ( 1-3 ) , were isolated from a soft coral klyxum flaccidum.
their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.
klyflaccisteroid k ( @number@ ) is the unique @number@ , 11-secosteroid with a @number@ , 8-epidioxy-9-ene functional group.
klyflaccisteroid l ( @number@ ) has an unusual 11-norsteroid skeleton and is the first example of 11-oxasteroid isolated from natural sources.
cytotoxicity assay showed that @number@ and @number@ possessed moderate to weak cytotoxicity against these cancer cells.
no results : the study population included @number@ participants.
these statements are largely based on traditional ecg patterns and have not considered computerized measurements.
objective : to define the normal limits for q wave measurements from the digitally recorded ecgs of healthy young athletes.
anova analyses were performed to determine differences these parameters among all groups.
a positive ecg was defined by our stanford computerized criteria as exceeding the 99th percentile for q wave area in @number@ or more leads.
proportions testing was used to compare the seattle conference q wave criteria with our data-driven criteria.
results : @number@ athletes in total were screened.
significant differences in q wave amplitude , duration and area were identified both by sex and level of participation.
conclusion : computer analysis of athletes ' ecgs should be included in future studies that have greater numbers , more diversity and adequate end points.
research demonstrates that transgender and nonconforming ( tgnc ) elders face social isolation and discrimination in policies and practices in mental and health care settings.
the purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with practical input about therapeutic issues and interventions for use with tgnc elders.
a case vignette describes the challenges and rewards of therapy with an elder trans woman.
her story illustrates the complex interplay between age , life phase , and sociocultural and historical contexts.
recommendations regarding research , practice , and advocacy are offered.
there are normal changes to sleep architecture throughout the lifespan.
there is not , however , a decreased need for sleep and sleep disturbance is not an inherent part of the aging process.
it is also associated with morbidity and mortality.
objectives : the present study examined the association between anorexia of aging and physical frailty among older people.
study design : an observational , cross-sectional cohort design was used with a sample of @number@ elderly japanese citizens living in a community setting.
participants were grouped as non-frail , pre-frail , and frail , and categorized as anorexic or not using questionnaire cutoff scores.
conclusions : anorexia of aging is importantly associated with frailty and the following frailty components : slowness , exhaustion , and weight loss.
future research should prospectively examine frailty's causal connection with anorexia of aging.
growth in the demand for health workers will be highest among upper middle-income countries , driven by economic and population growth and aging.
this results in the largest predicted shortages which may fuel global competition for skilled health workers.
middle-income countries will face workforce shortages because their demand will exceed supply.
background : initiatives to accelerate the adoption and implementation of evidence-based practices benefit from an association with influential individuals and organizations.
when opinion leaders advocate or adopt a best practice , others adopt too , resulting in diffusion.
methods : we conducted a sociometric survey of senior leaders in @number@ long-term care facilities operating in @number@ of canada's @number@ provinces and territories.
we used an integrated knowledge translation approach to involve knowledge users in planning and administering the survey and in analyzing and interpreting the results.
results : a single advice-seeking network appears to span the nation.
proximity exhibits a strong effect on network structure , with provincial inter-organizational networks having more connections and thus a denser structure than interpersonal networks.
a good deal of influence in the canadian long-term care sector rests with professionals such as provincial health administrators not employed in long-term care facilities.
conclusions : the canadian long-term care sector is tied together through informal advice-seeking relationships that have given rise to an emergent network structure.
we conclude that informal relational pathways hold promise for helping to transform the canadian long-term care sector.
evidence is lacking about the effect of thyroid hormone treatment.
we describe the protocol of a large randomised controlled trial ( rct ) of levothyroxine treatment for sch.
patients are monitored for specific adverse events of interest including incident atrial fibrillation , heart failure and bone fracture.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01660126 ; registered @date@ .
study design cross-sectional study.
background muscle support for the trunk is provided by the multifidi , erector spinae , psoas , and quadratus lumborum.
trunk muscle characteristics may be altered with aging and / or chronic lbp.
to date , most trunk muscle research has been conducted among younger adults.
methods one hundred two older adults with ( n = @number@ ) and without ( n = @number@ ) chronic lbp were included.
cross-sectional area ( csa ) measurements were taken by tracing inside the fascial borders on magnetic resonance images.
pixel intensity summaries were obtained to compute muscle-to-fat indices and relative muscle csa , that is , csa void of fat.
right / left averages for levels l2 through l5 were determined.
however , the underlying mechanisms still need elucidation.
dysregulated micrornas ( mirnas ; post-transcriptional regulators ) in adipose tissue may present an important link.
results : the intervention led to upregulation of mir-29a-3p and mir-29a-5p and downregulation of mir-20b-5p.
the mrna and protein expression of predicted targets was not significantly affected by the intervention.
however , negative correlations between mir-20b-5p and the protein levels of its predicted target , acyl-coa synthetase long-chain family member @number@ were observed.
several other mirna-target relationships correlated negatively , indicating possible mirna regulation , including mir-29a-3p and lipoprotein lipase mrna levels.
proteins involved in lipolysis were not affected by the intervention.
conclusions : weight loss influenced several mirnas , some of which were negatively correlated with predicted targets.
these dysregulated mirnas may affect adipocytokine signaling and forkhead box protein o signaling.
rats are a commonly used model for aging studies , and a frailty assessment tool for rats would be of considerable value.
there has been a recent focus on the development of preclinical models of frailty in mice.
a mouse clinical frailty index ( fi ) was developed based on clinical frailty assessment tools.
this fi measures the accumulation of clinically evident health-related deficits in mice.
this paper aimed to develop a rat clinical fi.
a fi comprised of @number@ health-related deficits was developed from a review of the literature and consultation with a veterinarian.
deficits were scored @number@ if absent , @number@ if mild , or @number@ if severe.
a fi score was determined for each rat every 3-4 months , and for the older group mortality was assessed up to @number@ months.
mean fi scores significantly increased at each time point for the older rats.
the rat clinical fi has significant value for use in aging and interventional studies.
background : skeletal muscle insulin resistance and reduced mitochondrial capacity have both been reported to be affected by aging.
results : rd improved similarly ( @percent@ ± @percent@ , p < @number@ ) with both weight loss and exercise.
cigarette smoking is a leading modifiable cause of death worldwide.
we hypothesized that cigarette smoking induces extensive transcriptomic changes that lead to target-organ damage and smoking-related diseases.
gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of smoking-related genes for activation of platelets and lymphocytes , immune response , and apoptosis.
by linking differential gene expression with smoking-related disease phenotypes , we demonstrated that stroke and pulmonary function show enrichment for smoking-related gene expression signatures.
our transcriptomic study provides potential insights into the effects of cigarette smoking on gene expression in whole blood and their relations to smoking-related diseases.
the results of such analyses may highlight attractive targets for treating or preventing smoking-related health effects.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease , characterised by progressive failure of the neuromuscular system.
a ( g4c2 ) n repeat expansion in c9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of als and frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) .
the expression of the ( g4c2 ) 102 repeat produces rna foci and also undergoes ran translation.
in addition , the expression of the ( g4c2 ) 102 repeat shows cellular toxicity.
furthermore , partial knockdown of pten rescues the toxicity observed in the nsc34 ( g4c2 ) 102 cellular gain-of-toxic function model of c9orf72-als.
our data indicate that pten may provide a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate toxic effects of the ( g4c2 ) n repeat.
purpose of review : cardioembolic stroke is common and disproportionately more disabling than nonembolic mechanisms of stroke.
its incidence is expected to rise because of the age-related incidence of atrial fibrillation and an aging population.
this article summarizes the different causes of cardioembolism and outlines current management guidelines.
atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke , and anticoagulation is usually recommended.
new data support the importance of prolonged cardiac monitoring for diagnosing occult atrial fibrillation.
background : vyc-15l ( juvéderm volbella xc ) is a nonanimal crosslinked hyaluronic acid ( ha ) gel with lidocaine.
subjects were followed for @number@ year.
the primary effectiveness end point was noninferiority of vyc-15l versus nasha by mean change in lfs score from baseline to month @number@
results : the primary end point was met.
at month @number@ lfs responder rates were @percent@ for vyc-15l versus @percent@ for nasha.
lfs responder rates exceeded @percent@ through @number@ year with vyc-15l.
perioral lines severity improved for @percent@ and @percent@ of vyc-15l subjects at month @number@ and year @number@ respectively.
at month @number@ @percent@ and @percent@ of subjects reported improvement in face-q satisfaction with lips and satisfaction with lip lines , respectively.
severe injection site responses were reported less frequently with vyc-15l than nasha.
conclusion : vyc-15l was safe and effective for lip and perioral enhancement , with treatment effects lasting through @number@ year.
detailed analysis of the fancd2 gene structure indicated a proximal and distal polyadenylation site ( pas ) , associated with @date@ and @date@ transcripts accordingly.
conversely , the opposite occurred in the proximal pas region.
attention-prioritization was examined in prioritizing walking ( pw ) and prioritizing counting ( pc ) dt conditions.
all dt conditions showed a benefit ( dtb ) for cognitive outcomes with trade-off cost to gait.
the findings suggest that increased cognitive load during a gait and cognitive dt produces more pronounced gait measures of attention-prioritization in cognitively healthy older adults.
a cognitive load effect was also observed in the cognitive outcomes , with unexpected results.
however , clinical studies and insights from model organisms have identified major roadblocks that normal aging processes impose on tissue regeneration.
a defining characteristic of diverse stem cell populations is their distinct metabolic state , although how these states change during adult hippocampal neurogenesis is unclear.
recently in neuron , beckervordersandforth et al.
( @number@ ) report that adult neurogenesis requires mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and that disrupting these pathways induces premature aging phenotypes.
in contrast , in myofibroblastic hscs in fibrotic liver , many mmp genes are silenced into an epigenetically nonpermissive state.
the mechanism by which the three-dimensional extracellular matrix confers the mmp genes into an epigenetically permissive state has not been well characterized.
conversely , along with hsc trans-differentiation , ctsh and ctsl were progressively down-regulated , whereas hdac4 was concurrently stabilized.
the inhibition of cysteine cathepsins by specific proteinase inhibitors or chloroquine , which raises cellular ph , restored hdac4.
recombinant ctsh could break down hdac4 in the transfected cells and in vitro at acidic ph.
in human cirrhotic liver , activated hscs express high levels of class iia hdacs but little ctsh.
this information is of national importance because of the aging infrastructure of american cities and the likelihood of similar problems in other locations.
one of the little known ironies in the field of prison health is the notion that prison may actually have health-stabilizing effects for some groups.
this study contributes to this line of inquiry by examining a variety of physical and mental health indicators among an older cohort of prisoners.
furthermore , this study's focus on race addresses a notable gap in the growing literature on older prisoner health.
univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to quantify racial differences with respect to self-reported stress after adjusting for potential confounders.
results suggest that black men who are older and incarcerated appear to be more resilient than white men who are older.
an association was found between race and self-reported stress though not statistically significant.
health status is a significant predictor of self-reported stress in univariate and multivariate analyses.
having ever committed a violent offense and having received mental health services ( in and out patient ) are statistically associated with self-reported stress.
future research is needed to address factors that stabilize health and reduce stress among a racially diverse , aging prison population.
veterans also completed the 2-item patient health questionnaire ( phq-2 ) , a validated depression screening instrument frequently used in primary care settings.
data were collected from @date@ to @date@ .
primary reported barriers to mental health treatment included scheduling / availability , travel time and transportation , and discomfort with group settings.
conclusions : results of this study suggest there may be a need to better engage older hiv + veterans in depression-related treatment.
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene has been consistently shown to modulate the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
a large sample of healthy adolescents ( n = @number@ ) was also used to compared hippocampal volumes between apoe groups.
subjects had undergone a magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scan and apoe genotyping.
hippocampal volumes were processed using freesurfer.
moreover , ad and mci ɛ4 carriers possessed the smallest hippocampal volumes and control ɛ2 carriers possessed the largest hippocampal volumes.
however , we found no hippocampal volume differences between apoe groups in healthy 14-year-old adolescents.
we applied propensity score matching ( psm ) to minimize confounding biases in the comparison between eoad and load.
we conducted psm to reduce the bias due to confounding variables related to survival in patients with ad.
the risks of mortality associated with eoad and load were evaluated by cox proportional hazard analyses , controlling for relevant covariates.
results : after propensity score matching , @number@ subjects with eoad and @number@ subjects with load were selected for further analysis.
the results support the assumption that eoad takes a more malignant course than load.
background : aerobic training has some benefits for delaying the onset or progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
little is known about the implication of the brain's two main fuels , glucose and ketones ( acetoacetate ) , associated with thesebenefits.
objective : to determine whether aerobic exercise training modifies brain energy metabolism in mild ad.
average total distance and treadmill speed were @number@ km / week and @number@ km / h , respectively.
plasma acetoacetate concentration and the blood-to-brain acetoacetate influx rate constant were also increased by 2-3-fold ( all p≤0.03 ) .
cmrglu was unchanged after walking ( @number@.0±0.1 μmol / 100 g / min ; p = @number@ ) .
there was a tendency toward improvement in the stroop-color naming test ( @percent@ completion time , p = @number@ ) .
performance on the trail making a & b tests was also directly related to plasma acetoacetate and cmracac ( all p≤0.01 ) .
different in-situ gel formulations of cur were prepared using @percent@ of pluronic f127 , and @percent@ of carbopol p934.
the formulations were evaluated regarding gelation temperature , ph , viscosity , syringeability study , in-vitro release and chemical stability of cur.
the effect of aging of gel formulations for 3months in refrigerator was investigated.
the formulations showed accepted gelation temperature ranging from @number@ to @number@ °c and all had ph value of @number@
the viscosity of the formulations at @number@ °c ranged from @number@ @number@ to @number@ @number@ cp.
all formulations were easily syringeable through @number@ gauge needle at cold temperature.
curcumin stability during the release study was maintained.
selected formulations delivered into periodontal pocket evaluated clinically showed to be effective.
this indicates that curcumin in this novel drug delivery system is an excellent candidate for periodontal disease treatment.
background : in the aging society , there is a growing number of patients with advanced degenerative disease of the spine.
these patients frequently require surgical treatment.
this paper aims to analyse the reasons for failure of surgery for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine.
the reasons for failure of the surgery were analysed in detail based on history , physical examination , imaging studies and surgery reports.
results : surgery was performed in @number@ patients , of whom @number@ patients had been previously operated on.
the most frequent reasons for revision surgery of the same motor segment were recurrent disc herniation , inadequate decompression and inappropriate surgical technique.
conclusions : use of implants and spinal fusion is always associated with a risk of complications and is frequently independent of the surgeon.
@number@
in order to reduce the rate of revision surgeries , it is important to perform complete decompression and select an adequate surgical technique.
background : aging is a complex process relating multi-scale omics data.
finding key age markers in normal tissues could help to provide reliable aging predictions in human.
furthermore , we have performed a serious of network analyses , such as the ppi network , cross-tissue networks and pathway interaction networks.
conclusion : our results find important coordinated aging patterns between different tissues.
background : pooled library screen analysis using shrnas or crispr-cas9 hold great promise to genome-wide functional studies.
while pooled library screens are effective tools , erroneous barcodes can potentially be generated during the production of many barcodes.
however , no current tools can distinguish erroneous barcodes from pcr or sequencing errors in a data preprocessing step.
results : we developed the barcas program , a specialized program for the mapping and analysis of multiplexed barcode sequencing ( barcode-seq ) data.
barcas provides three functions for quality control ( qc ) of a barcode library and distinguishes erroneous barcodes from pcr or sequencing errors.
it also provides useful functions for data analysis and visualization.
cognitive decline and carotid artery atheroma are common at older ages.
transfersomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique , using soy phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate , combined with high-pressure homogenization.
the composition of the transfersomes was statistically optimized by design of experiments using box-behnken design with four factors at three levels.
ftir and dsc showed no interaction between egcg and the selected excipients.
xrd results revealed no form conversion of egcg in its transfersomal form.
the optimized transfersomes were found to increase the cell viability and reduce the lipid peroxidation , intracellular ros and expression of mmps in hacat cells.
the optimized transfersomal formulation of egcg and ha exhibited considerably higher skin permeation and deposition of egcg than that observed with plain egcg.
the use of pims was measured based on @number@ beers criteria , @number@ ags beers criteria and the eu ( @number@ ) -pim list.
the prevalence was measured as the percentage of patients with at least @number@ pim during 1-year period.
multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pim prescription.
polypharmacy and increasing age had increased the risk of pim use.
benzodiazepines were the most commonly prescribed pims according to all criteria.
research on sarcopenia prevention and treatment is developing quickly , but many questions are still unanswered.
the core of the sarcopenia condition involves quantitative and qualitative losses of skeletal muscle.
these two dimensions should therefore be considered when designing and testing preventive and therapeutic interventions.
such a conceptualization might eventually encourage key stakeholders to combine their efforts in approaching the sarcopenia condition.
in italy , as in the rest of the world , several validation studies of moca have been carried out.
this study compared , for the first time in italy , a sample of people with probable alzheimer's disease ( ad ) with healthy counterparts.
all the comparisons were carried out according to roc statistics.
optimal cutoff for a diagnosis of probable ad was a moca score ≤14.
optimal cutoff for the discrimination of probable cognitive impairment was a moca score ≤17 ( associated to mmse cutoff of @number@ ) .
characteristics of population might explain these results.
frailty and sarcopenia are important concepts in the quest to prevent physical dependence , as geriatrics are shifting towards identifications of early stages of disability.
definitions of both sarcopenia and frailty are still developing , and both concepts clearly overlap in their physical aspects.
malnutrition ( both undernutrition and obesity ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of frailty and sarcopenia.
this brief review explores the role of energy and protein intake and other key nutrients on muscle function.
nutrition may be a key element of multimodal interventions for frailty and sarcopenia.
physical frailty ( pf ) and sarcopenia are major health issues in geriatric populations , given their high prevalence and association with several adverse outcomes.
nevertheless , the lack of an univocal operational definition for the two conditions has so far hampered their clinical implementation.
a novel approach for biomarker identification and validation , based on multivariate methodologies , is also discussed.
this strategy relies on the multidimensional modeling of complementary biomarkers to cope with the phenotypical and pathophysiological complexity of pf and sarcopenia.
the exploration of frailty as a pre-disability geriatric condition represents one of the most promising research arenas of modern medicine.
unfortunately , the lack of consensus around a single operational definition has limited the clinical implementation of frailty in clinical practice.
in these last years , growing attention ( even beyond the traditional boundaries of geriatric medicine ) has been given to physical performance measures.
the strong construct of physical performance measures also makes them particularly suitable for the assessment of the frailty status.
the translation of the frailty concept by means of physical performance measures implicitly represents an attempt to go beyond traditional paradigms.
ageing is the primary risk factor for cognitive deterioration.
cbf regulation associated with cerebral metabolism thus likely plays an important role in the preservation of cognitive function.
however , in some specific conditions ( e.g. during exercise ) , change in cbf does not synchronize with that of cerebral metabolism.
our recent study demonstrated that cognitive function was more strongly affected by changes in cerebral metabolism than by changes in cbf during exercise.
therefore , it remains unclear how an alteration in cbf or its regulation affects cognitive function.
few predictors of uptake or adherence to online interventions have been consistently identified , particularly in individuals with cancer.
methods : participants were adults with cancer treated with curative intent.
adherence was assessed by login frequency , duration and activity level ; analyses examined demographic , medical and psychological predictors of uptake and adherence.
results : the study enrolled @number@ adults ( aged 26-94 years ) undergoing active treatment for cancer of any type.
adherence was predicted by older age and control-group allocation.
baseline distress levels did not predict adherence.
high adherers to the full intervention had better emotion regulation and quality of life than low adherers.
conclusions : uptake of online intervention varies according to age , gender and cancer type.
while uptake was higher amongst younger individuals , once enrolled , older individuals were more likely to adhere to online interventions for cancer-related distress.
purpose : loneliness and depression are associated , in particular in older adults.
less is known about the role of social networks in this relationship.
the present study analyzes the influence of social networks in the relationship between loneliness and depression in the older adult population in spain.
methods : a population-representative sample of @number@ adults aged @number@ years and over from spain was analyzed.
loneliness was assessed by means of the three-item ucla loneliness scale.
social network characteristics were measured using the berkman-syme social network index.
major depression in the previous @number@ months was assessed with the composite international diagnostic interview ( cidi ) .
logistic regression models were used to analyze the survey data.
among people feeling lonely , those with depression were more frequently married and had a small social network.
among those not feeling lonely , depression was associated with being previously married.
conclusion : the type and size of social networks have a role in the relationship between loneliness and depression.
introduction : this case study aims to make an assessment of environmental health nuisances in textile industry in the democratic republic of congo.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study.
out of @number@ workers selected using systematic sampling , @number@ workers were enrolled in the study.
@number@ workstations were subjected to measurements in order to determine the level of noise , lighting and heat.
data were collected from company documents , by means of a direct-question interview focusing on socio professional informations and through measurements.
descriptive analysis was used for sociodemographic and professional data and analytical approach was used for the measurements.
results : in the company studied @percent@ of employees were workers.
weaving department included almost @percent@ of workers.
the majority of employees worked as part of a three shift ( @percent@ ) .
the study population was predominantly male ( @percent@ ) , aging ( @percent@ ) over @number@ years and educated ( @percent@ ) .
in the company studied , only @percent@ of workstations met the noise standards and @percent@ of workstations met the lighting standards.
@percent@ of workstations didn't meet the heat standards for heavy work.
these results are a plea for the development of appropriate preventive measures.
they should be confronted with other more detailed studies in this work environment.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years participated in this study.
we first measured the fusion limits in these participants using two 3d stereoscopic images.
we then measured the expansion of the fusion limit by inserting a middle image in a region located equally parallax from the two images.
results : the results showed that the fusion limits were significantly expanded ( p < 0.01 ) after inserting the middle image.
conclusions : insertion of middle images with parallax can extend the fusion limit.
this method was shown to be an effective for viewing 3d stereoscopic images without causing discomfort.
background : we are now facing rapid population aging in japan , which will affect the actual situation of cardiovascular diseases.
objective oxidative stress is associated with the progression of chronic liver disease.
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is also an oxidative stress-related disease.
however , the oxidative / anti-oxidative balance has not been fully characterized in nafld.
the @number@ nafld patients included patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver ( nafl ; n = 14 ) and nash ( n = 44 ) .
the correlations among such factors as rom , oxy , oxidative index , and clinical characteristics were investigated.
oxy positively correlated with the platelet counts , albumin , and creatinine levels , while negatively correlating with age.
however , it improved after treatment intervention.
the oxidative index positively correlated with bmi , crp , and hba1c.
the nash-hcc patients exhibited a lower oxy than the nash patients , probably due to the effects of aging.
the nash-hcc patients tended to be older and exhibited a diminished anti-oxidative function.
the kras gtpase plays a critical role in the control of cellular growth.
the activity of kras is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( gefs ) , gtpase-activating proteins ( gaps ) , and also post-translational modification.
we find that lysine @number@ is important for gef recognition , because mutations at this position impaired gef-mediated nucleotide exchange.
methods and results : we included @number@ adults ( aged ≥20 ) from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2002.
ltl was assayed from whole blood using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method relative to standard reference dna.
multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between cvh and log-transformed ltl.
conclusions : the findings suggest that less-than-ideal cvh is associated with shorter ltl , but this association varies by sex and race / ethnicity.
future longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the association between cvh and ltl.
background and objectives : higher levels of inflammatory markers have been associated with renal outcomes in diabetic populations.
after a median of @number@ years , @number@ persons were included in the renal iohexol-clearance survey follow-up study.
gfr was measured using iohexol clearance at baseline and follow-up.
calcific aortic valve disease ( cavd ) is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disorder accounting for a rising economic and social burden on aging populations.
in spite of continuing study on the pathophysiology of disease , there remain no medical therapies to prevent the progression of cavd.
biomarkers have been studied extensively in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease , with success as additive for clinical and scientific purposes.
in recent years , new percutaneous therapies have been developed to complement current established treatments for acute / decompensated and chronic hf and minimize risks.
to date , only the last has been proved effective in a randomized study.
therefore , thorough research is still needed in this dynamic and promising field.
approximately two-thirds of anemia in american elderly is caused by chronic inflammation or is unexplained.
a potential contributing factor may include air pollution exposures , which have been shown to increase systemic inflammation and affect erythropoiesis.
few studies , however , have investigated the associations of air pollution on hemoglobin levels and anemia.
if causal , these associations could indicate that chronic air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for anemia in older adults.
thirty-five sex-biased genes were identified ( p < @number@ ) .
the results presented provide important insights into hepatic physiology and function , especially drug metabolism , with respect to sex and age.
variants in the ric3 gene have recently been suggested as a novel cause of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
herein , the entire ric3 gene was sequenced in a french-canadian and french sample series of @number@ pd patients and @number@ unaffected controls.
the effect of single variants and the combined effect of variants were calculated.
a total of @number@ common and rare variants were identified in patients and controls.
our results do not support a role for ric3 mutations as a common cause of pd in the french-canadian and french populations.
however , the neurobiology of this secreted glycoprotein remains unclear.
here , we report the identification of @number@ pedigrees of southern italian extraction in whom ftd segregates with autosomal dominant inheritance patterns.
this mutation was previously described in @number@ sporadic cases but was never associated with familial cases.
haploinsufficiency was revealed by both quantitative real-time pcr of the gene and protein analyses.
these findings provide further support for a previously proposed role for the grn gene in the genetic etiology of ftd and its phenotypic variability.
background : skin changes caused by aging increase the risk of skin damages , such as pressure ulcers , during hospitalization of elderly patients.
there is few information about the cost of wound treatment in brazil.
conversely , skin and wound problems are highly reported among hospitalized elderly patients and caregivers.
the purpose is to analyze the socio-demographic and clinical profile associated with skin and wound care in hospitalized elderly.
methods : this is a prospective observational study.
the sample consisted of @number@ patients , aged @number@ years or more , randomly selected in three hospitals in rio de janeiro , brazil.
data extraction from nursing records of the sample , using cross mapping with nursing interventions classification.
data synthesis supported by sas @number@ ( sas institute , inc.
cary north carolina ) in association with spss version @number@ and statistics analysis.
results : the findings were : age standard deviation @number@ with minimum as @number@ and maximum as @number@ years old.
prevalence of women and married seniors.
high prevalence of long-term hospitalization.
there were @number@ nursing interventions in the nursing records and seventeen of them related to skin and wound care.
they were described in @number@ nursing activities , present during @number@ evaluations and repeated @number@ times.
background : augmented arginase-ii ( arg-ii ) is implicated in endothelial senescence and inflammation through a mutual positive regulatory circuit with s6k1.
all the effects of arg-i were inhibited by the anti-oxidant n-acetylcysteine ( nac ) .
conclusions : our study demonstrates that arg-i promotes endothelial senescence and inflammatory responses through enos-uncoupling unrelated to activation of the s6k1 pathway.
mitochondria play a key role in common neurodegenerative diseases and contain their own genome : mtdna.
with this approach , we found a surprisingly high frequency of heteroplasmic mtdna variants in @percent@ of subjects.
however , we found no evidence of an association between rare inherited variants of mtdna or mtdna heteroplasmy and disease.
in contrast , we observed a reduction in the amount of mtdna copy in both ad and cjd.
these pathways are involved in the development and progression of b cell lymphoma.
we aimed to explore the expression pattern and functional mechanism of klotho in diffuse large b cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) .
methods : immunohistochemistry ( ihc ) and western blotting were performed to detect the expression level of klotho in dlbcl patients and cell lines.
tumor suppressive effect of klotho was determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies.
signaling pathway activity was assessed by western blotting.
results : remarkable lower expression levels of klotho were observed in dlbcl patients and cell lines.
enforced expression of klotho could significantly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in dlbcl.
moreover , xenograft model treated with either klotho overexpression vector or recombinant human klotho administration presented restrained tumor growth and lower ki67 staining.
conclusions : our findings establish that klotho performs as a tumor suppressor and modulator of igf-1r signaling in dlbcl.
targeting klotho may provide novel strategies for future therapeutic intervention.
the aim was to examine trend in msk as underlying cause of death in @number@ countries across globe during 1986-2011.
methods : data on mortality were collected from the who mortality database and population data were obtained from the united nations.
annual sex-specific age-standardized mortality rates ( asmr ) were calculated by means of direct standardization using the who world standard population.
we applied joinpoint regression analysis for trend analysis.
between-country disparities were examined using between-country variance and gini coefficient.
the changes in number of msk deaths between @number@ and @number@ were decomposed using two counterfactual scenarios.
results : the number of msk deaths increased by @percent@ between @number@ and @number@ mainly due to population aging.
in both sexes , asmr declined during 1986-1997 , then increased during 1997-2001 and again declined over 2001-2011.
despite decline over time , there were substantial between-country disparities in msk mortality and its temporal trend.
conclusions : we found substantial variations in msk mortality and its trends between countries , regions and also between sex and age groups.
promoted awareness and better management of msk might partly explain reduction in msk mortality , but variations across countries warrant further investigations.
furthermore , we administered to explore its reliability and validity in the present population.
chinese version of cd-risc was used to assess the resilience of the study participants.
conclusions : the measure of resilience is useful in screening high-risk employees who are vulnerable to stress.
optimal and tailored interventions can be further applied to avoid potential adverse events in this population.
longitudinal research should be required to determine whether aging and long-term health events can change the nature of resilience.
fecal immunochemical tests ( fits ) for hemoglobin are increasingly recommended and used in colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening.
we aimed to provide a detailed assessment of the sensitivity of fit according to type and subsite of neoplasms in a true screening setting.
subsite specific sensitivity for various types of colorectal neoplasms was derived by comparing fit results with findings at screening colonoscopy.
the most advanced finding at colonoscopy was crc , advanced adenoma , and nonadvanced adenoma in @number@ @number@ and @number@ cases , respectively.
by contrast , fit sensitivity was uniformly excellent for crc and uniformly poor for nonadvanced adenomas , regardless of their location.
several compounds inhibiting 11β-hsd1 at nanomolar concentrations were identified.
compounds 2b , 3e , 7b and 12e were shown to selectively inhibit 11β-hsd1 over 11β-hsd2 , 17β-hsd1 and 17β-hsd2.
these inhibitors also potently inhibited 11β-hsd1 activity in intact hek-293 cells expressing the recombinant enzyme and in intact primary human keratinocytes expressing endogenous 11β-hsd1.
moreover , compounds 2b , 3e and 12e were tested for their activity in human skin biopsies.
they were able to prevent , at least in part , both the cortisone- and the uv-mediated decreases in collagen content.
thus , inhibition of 11β-hsd1 by these compounds can be further investigated to delay or prevent uv-mediated skin damage and skin aging.
background : an impaired hbsag-secretion can increase hbv oncogenic-properties.
here , we investigate genetic-determinants in hbsag correlated with hbv-induced hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , and their impact on hbsag-secretion and cell-proliferation.
the impact of mutations on hbsag-secretion was assessed by measuring the ratio [ secreted / intracellular hbsag ] until day @number@ post-transfection.
the impact of mutations on cell-cycle advancement was assessed by flow-cytometry.
both mutations reside in trans-membrane c-terminal domain critical for hbsag-secretion.
conclusions : specific mutations in hbsag c-terminus significantly correlate with hbv-induced hcc.
they hamper hbsag-secretion and are associated with increased cellular proliferation , supporting their involvement in hcc-development.
life tables and population data were also obtained for each country.
lifetime risk of thr was calculated for @number@ and @number@ using registry , life table , and population data.
in @number@ lifetime risk of thr was as high as @number@ in @number@ women in norway , and @number@ in @number@ men in finland.
females consistently demonstrated the highest lifetime risk of thr at both time points.
these multinational risk estimates can inform resource planning for oa service delivery.
design : observational.
setting : urban academic hospital that serves as a safety net for urban and rural populations with low resources and serves central and northern alabama.
participants : individuals with chf or copd hospitalized from home ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : the life-space assessment ( lsa ) measures mobility by asking about movement in situations ranging from within one's dwelling to beyond one's town.
lsa scores below @number@ correspond to \ "restricted life-space. \ "
baseline lsa scores before admission were measured during an index hospitalization ; follow-up lsa scores were determined over the telephone at @number@ days.
participant characteristics were examined according to baseline restricted life-space using the chi-square test and student's t-test.
each characteristic's association with restricted life-space was estimated uisng logistic regression.
results : of the participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as having baseline restricted life-space.
in the baseline unrestricted life-space group , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) had restricted life-space at 90-day follow-up.
conclusion : baseline restricted life-space was associated with greater risk of hospital readmission within @number@ days after hospital discharge.
these findings suggest a need to customize the management of individuals hospitalized with chf or copd based on baseline life-space level.
setting : veterans affairs medical center , durham , north carolina.
participants : male veterans aged ≥70 years ( n = @number@ ) .
each participant's primary care physician provided initial endorsement of the intervention , followed by monthly automated telephone messages tailored to the patient.
individualized progress reports were mailed quarterly.
measurements : intervention costs were assessed.
health care resource use and costs were estimated from enrollment through one year follow-up.
the incremental cost of achieving clinically significant changes in major trial endpoints was calculated.
results : the total direct cost of the intervention per participant was $ 459 , @percent@ of which was counselor effort.
with overhead , program cost totaled $ 696 per participant.
objectives : to examine 6-month change in life-space mobility as a predictor of subsequent 6-month mortality in community-dwelling older adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : community-dwelling older adults from five alabama counties in the university of alabama at birmingham ( uab ) study of aging.
measurements : mortality data were determined from informant contacts and confirmed using the national death index and social security death index.
life-space was measured at each interview using the uab life-space assessment , a validated instrument for assessing community mobility.
eleven thousand eight hundred seventeen 6-month life-space change scores were calculated over @number@ years of follow-up.
generalized linear mixed models were used to test predictors of mortality at subsequent 6-month intervals.
results : three hundred fifty-four deaths occurred within @number@ months of two sequential life-space assessments.
life-space assessment may assist clinicians in identifying older adults at risk of short-term mortality.
background : frail older adults are heavy users of health and social care.
all models were adjusted for baseline sex , education , wealth , cohabitation , smoking , and alcohol consumption.
conclusion : healthy non-frail older adults require higher intensities of physical activity for continued improvement in frailty trajectories.
the question of which factors drive human eating and nutrition is a key issue in many branches of science.
the done framework was created by an interdisciplinary workgroup in a multiphase , multimethod process.
modifiability , relationship strength , and population-level effect of the determinants were rated to identify areas of priority for research and interventions.
external experts positively evaluated the usefulness , comprehensiveness , and quality of the done framework.
an approach to continue updating the framework with the help of experts was piloted.
the dynamic nature of the framework allows it to evolve as experts can continually add new determinants and ratings.
we anticipate this framework will be useful for research prioritization and intervention development.
background : due to the aging of the population , society includes a growing proportion of older individuals prone to chronic morbidity.
materials and methods : baseline data from the ' lifelines cohort study ' collected between @number@ and @number@ in the netherlands were used.
results : irrespective of having chronic morbidity , having a partner was associated with better mental health when partners shared a home.
individuals with single and especially multiple chronic morbidity had impaired role functioning.
having a partner mitigated the adverse effects of multimorbidity on role functioning , but only in individuals who shared a home with their partner.
non-partnered individuals with multimorbidity and those not sharing a home with their partner demonstrated impaired role functioning.
conclusions : the results demonstrate that multimorbidity negatively affects role functioning , but not the mental health , of middle-aged and older individuals.
sharing a home with a partner can mitigate these adverse effects , while other combinations of relationship status and living arrangement do not.
offering intervention to those individuals most vulnerable to impaired functioning may relieve some of the increasing pressure on the health care system.
background : increasing evidence links postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) to surgery and anesthesia.
pocd is recognized as an important neuropsychological adverse outcome in surgical patients , particularly the elderly.
methods : study subjects were patients ≥65 years of age scheduled for major noncardiac surgery.
cognitive function was assessed before and @number@ week after surgery.
pocd was diagnosed if a decline of > 1 standard deviation of z-scores was present in ≥2 variables of the test battery.
the biomarkers of brain injury neuron-specific enolase and s100β protein , age , and level of education were included in secondary multivariable logistic regression analyses.
results : of the @number@ patients who completed the study , @number@ ( @percent@ ) presented with pocd @number@ week after surgery.
drawing upon a number of established ethical approaches , we examine whether geographic differences in access to livers are inherently unethical.
although our analysis does not indicate how ethically distribute livers , but it suggests that this be done with consideration for population-based health measures.
our previous studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell ( msc ) monolayer sheet transplantation on allograft repair.
a limiting factor in their application is the loss of msc multi-potency as a result of high density sheet culture-induced senescence.
in the study reported in this article , we tested whether notch activation could be used to prevent or delay sheet culture-induced cell aging.
our results showed that , during in vitro long-term ( 5-day ) cell sheet culture , mscs progressively lose their progenitor characteristics.
importantly , knockdown of notch target gene hes1 totally blocked the inhibition effect of jagged1 on cellular senescence.
contemporary state-of-the-art healthcare facilities are incorporating technology into their building design to improve communication and patient care.
however , technological innovations may also have unintended consequences.
this study seeks to better understand how technology influences interprofessional communication within a hospital setting based in the united states.
nine focus groups were conducted including a range of healthcare professions.
all focus groups were recorded , transcribed , and coded to identify themes.
different charting approaches resulted in barriers to communication between specialties and reduced confidence that other practitioners had received one's notes.
limitations in technology-including limited computer availability , documentation complexity , and sluggish sign-in processes-also were identified as barriers to effective and timely communication between practitioners.
more recent research has shown a trend toward incorporating stress management as a component of workplace wellness programs.
( psycinfo database record background : bioactive peptides have beneficial effects on the skin.
objective : we investigated to evaluate the effect of acetyl hexapeptide-3 and tripeptide-10 citrulline and the possible synergism between these two peptides.
conclusion : our results confirm the antiwrinkle activity of acetyl hexapeptide-3.
a significant decrease in tewl with acetyl hexapeptide-3 treatment is observed.
we provided clinical evidence for the antiwrinkle efficacy of tripeptide-10 citrulline and possibly tewl.
the underlying mechanism by which these two peptides can act synergistically was not clear in this study.
saprochaete and geotrichum spp. are rare emerging fungi causing invasive fungal diseases in immunosuppressed patients and scarce evidence is available for treatment decisions.
methods : all eyes underwent swept source optical coherence tomography ( oct ) , and choroidal images were binarized into blood vessels lumen and stroma.
transforming growth factor-β ( tgfβ ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is important in the regulation of joint homeostasis and disease.
tgfβ signalling is induced by loading and has an important function in maintaining the differentiated phenotype of articular chondrocytes.
therefore , we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between these two polymorphisms and hepatitis virus-related hcc risk.
we performed a systematical search in embase , pubmed , web of science , cnki and wanfang databases as of @date@ , @number@
finally , we assessed @number@ studies involving @number@ cases and @number@ controls.
subgroup analyses showed decreased risk in chinese , hbv- and hcv-related hcc.
further , large-scale studies including other races are required to confirm these findings.
the molecular mechanisms leading to and responsible for age-related , sporadic alzheimer's disease ( ad ) remain largely unknown.
hcy is sensed by a constitutive protein complex composed of leucyl-trna-synthetase and folliculin , which regulates mtor tethering to lysosomal membranes.
formation of these protein aggregates leads to ad-like neurodegeneration.
this pathology can be prevented by inhibition of mtorc1 or by induction of autophagy.
data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
results : of @number@ clinicians in carra , @number@ completed surveys ( @percent@ ) , predominantly attending pediatric rheumatologists.
diagnoses of rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis and persistent oligoarthritis made respondents less likely and more likely , respectively , to withdraw jia medications.
three-quarters of respondents waited for 6-12 months of inactive disease before stopping methotrexate ( mtx ) or biologics , but preferences varied.
for children receiving combination mtx-biologic therapy , @percent@ of respondents preferred stopping mtx first.
conclusion : considerable variability exists among pediatric rheumatology clinicians regarding when and how to withdraw medications for children with clinically inactive jia.
more research is needed to identify the most effective approaches to withdraw medications and predictors of outcomes.
renal fibrosis contributes to declining renal function in the elderly.
what is unclear however , is whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) contributes to this age-related renal fibrosis.
high glucose was used to induce premature senescence and emt in human primary proximal tubular cells ( ptcs ) in vitro.
to test the role of ampk-mtor signaling , sirna was used to deplete ampk.
cellular senescence and ampk-mtor signaling markers associated with emt were detected.
cr or crms treatment alleviated age-related emt in aging kidneys , which was accompanied by activation of ampk-mtor signaling.
high glucose induced premature senescence and emt in ptcs in vitro , which was accompanied by down-regulation of ampk / mtor signaling.
crms alleviated high glucose-induced senescence and emt via stimulation of ampk / mtor signaling.
activation of ampk / mtor signaling protected ptcs from high glucose-induced emt and cellular senescence.
short-term regimens of cr and crms alleviated age-related emt via ampk-mtor signaling , suggesting a potential approach to reducing renal fibrosis during aging.
fused in sarcoma ( fus ) and splicing factor , proline- and glutamine-rich ( sfpq ) are rna binding proteins that regulate rna metabolism.
normalization of this increased ratio by 4r-t-specific silencing results in recovery of the normal phenotype.
study design : data were reviewed from consecutive patients who had laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer staging in @number@ italian centers.
subjects were stratified according to whether a uterine manipulator was used during surgery ; if so , the type of manipulator was identified.
multivariable analysis to correct for possible confounders and propensity score that matched the minimize selection bias were utilized.
the primary outcome was the risk of disease recurrence.
results : we included @number@ patients : @number@ patients in the manipulator group and @number@ patients in the no manipulator group.
positive lymph nodes and myometrial invasion of > 50% were associated independently with the risk of recurrence after adjustment for possible confounders.
disease-free , disease-specific , and overall survivals were similar between groups.
propensity-matched analysis confirmed these findings.
the site of recurrence was comparable between groups.
various risk factors are demonstrated to be responsible for its pathogenesis , such as aging , light exposure , and smoking.
objectives : chronic stress from experiencing discrimination can lead to long-term changes in psychological and physiologic responses , including shorter leukocyte telomere length.
we examined the association between leukocyte telomere length and variations in the association by race or type of discrimination.
we examined major lifetime unfair treatment and everyday discrimination.
coarsened exact matching matched exposed and unexposed participants on several sociodemographic factors.
coarsened exact matching creates analytic weights for the matched data sets.
we applied weighted linear regression to the matched data sets.
all analyses were stratified by race.
matching on potential mediators generally decreased the effect estimate among black people.
conclusions : experiencing everyday discrimination was associated with shortened telomere length among older black adults.
further research is needed to understand the adverse physiologic effects of discrimination to create effective interventions.
objective : to provide an evaluative overview of the life and contributions of raja parasuraman.
our present exposition articulates and recounts his many contributions to our science and to science in general beyond the confines of our own discipline.
methods : this study is part of a prospective one-year study conducted on hypertension management in a population aged @number@ to @number@ years.
data on age , sex , blood pressure and blood test results were collected at baseline.
cardiovascular risk was based on the cardiovascular risk prediction model for populations in asia.
a threshold of @percent@ was applied to differentiate between adherence and non-adherence.
in-depth interviews were conducted among @number@ subjects , including subjects classified as adherent and as non-adherent.
results : among @number@ patients analyzed , @percent@ of the patients were adherent.
qualitative investigation revealed discrepancies in classification of adherence and non-adherence based on quantitative analysis and interviews.
each one-year increase in age resulted in patients being @number@ times more likely to be compliant ( @percent@ ci : @number@ to @number@ ) .
awareness of complications related to hypertension was given as the main reason for adherence to therapy.
conclusions : medication adherence rate was relatively low among hypertensive subjects.
height is a highly heritable , classic polygenic trait with approximately @number@ common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far.
method : : a people-centered care partnership model was developed on the basis of qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature and assessment of @number@ related projects.
results : : people-centered care starts when community members and healthcare providers foreground health and social issues among community members and families.
background : vitamin d is essential for maintaining bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis , and prevents falls and fractures in older adults.
mexico is undergoing an epidemiologic and demographic transition with increasing obesity rates.
serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were used to define vitamin d status , and were categorized into tertiles.
body mass index measures were used to categorize older adults into under / normal weight , overweight , and obese groups.
multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship , adjusting for potential confounders.
results : approximately @percent@ and @percent@ of older mexican adults were either overweight or obese , respectively.
conclusion : overweight / obesity was found to be significantly associated with low concentrations of serum 25 ( oh ) in older mexican adults.
with technological innovation , comprehensive dietary intake data can be collected in a wide range of studies and settings.
the automated self-administered 24-hour ( asa24 ) dietary assessment tool is a web-based system that guides respondents through 24-h recalls.
themes emerged across studies regarding receptivity to completing asa24 , user experiences with the interface , and practical considerations for different populations.
overall , we found high acceptance of asa24 among these diverse samples.
however , the asa24 interface was not intuitive for some participants , particularly young children and older adults.
as well , technological challenges were encountered.
lessons gleaned can inform the effective use of technology-enabled dietary assessment tools in research.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) is a chronic age-related lung disease with high mortality that is characterized by abnormal scarring of the lung parenchyma.
there has been a recent attempt to define the age-associated changes predisposing individuals to develop ipf.
therapeutic approaches that target aging processes may be beneficial for halting the progression of disease and improving quality of life in ipf patients.
circadian rhythms play an influential role in nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior in the vast majority of species on earth.
depressive symptoms were assessed with the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ( ces-d ) six times from 1995 / 1996 to 2011 / 2012.
the previous and current trends in facial crease classification are also discussed.
a figure illustrating the above facial creases is included as reference.
twenty-five untrained men and forty-seven untrained women aged @number@ ( range : 67-93 ) years were recruited.
the remaining twenty-one were allocated to a control group ( cg ) .
trg trained for @number@ hour twice a week for @number@ weeks.
no differences between changes in tg and rg were found over the intervention period , neither in physical function tests nor psychological questionnaires.
in conclusion , both team training and resistance training improved physical function , psychological well-being , and quality of life.
however , team sport training motivated the participants more by intrinsic factors than resistance training.
the development of mobility disability , an early event in the disablement process , precedes and predicts more severe forms of inability.
its prevention is , therefore , critical to impede the transition to overt disability.
the findings are also projected to pave the way for major investments in the field of disability prevention in old age.
the current healthcare systems are built around the traditional paradigm of patients suffering from a single acute illness.
the sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people : multicomponent intervention strategies ( sprintt ) is the obvious result of these strategies.
the aim was to undertake a systematic review of the existing research literature on dysmobility syndrome.
key characteristics of identified studies were extracted and summarized.
results : the systematic review identified five papers ( three cross-sectional , one case control , and one longitudinal study ) .
no intervention studies were identified.
prevalence of dysmobility syndrome varied between studies ( 22%-34% in three of the studies ) .
background : urinary tract infection ( uti ) is a common complication among patients with hip fractures.
receiving an indwelling urinary catheter is a risk factor for developing utis.
treatment of symptomatic utis with antibiotics is expensive and can result in the development of antimicrobial resistance.
cranberries are thought to prevent uti.
there is no previous research on this potential effect in patients with hip fracture who receive urinary catheters.
design : this study employed a randomized , placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
urine cultures were obtained at admission , @number@ and @number@ days postoperatively.
in addition , euro qual five dimensions assessments were performed and patients were screened for uti symptoms.
individuals age > 65 years old are the fastest expanding population demographic throughout the developed world.
consequently , more aged patients than before are receiving diagnoses of impaired renal function and histologic changes in the kidneys.
we also discuss the potential for additional study to increase understanding of the aged kidney and lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
background : to avoid symptoms , patients with copd may reduce the amount of activities of daily living ( adl ) .
methods : the londrina adl protocol was created based on activities included in previous studies aimed at investigating outcomes from adl.
activities were included in the protocol because they could represent other activities of similar patterns and because they could be actually performed , not simulated.
transcripts were analyzed thematically.
however , some felt constrained by slow recuperation and overwhelmed by unexpected comorbidities , medication-related side effects , and health decline.
optimizing nutrition in combination with exercise is considered an established , effective ergogenic practice for athletic performance.
cognitive control includes higher-level cognitive processes used to evaluate environmental conflict.
youth displayed larger crn and n2 , attenuated pe , and significantly worse task performance than younger adults.
thus , cognitive control processing appears to reach peak performance and efficiency in younger adulthood , marked by improved task performance with less neural activation.
we thus aimed to meta-analytically evaluate the evidence of frailty and pre-frailty as risk factors for cvd.
two reviewers selected all studies comparing data about cvd prevalence or incidence rates between frail / pre-frail vs. robust.
eighteen cohorts with a total of @number@ participants were meta-analyzed.
using estimates from @number@ cross-sectional cohorts , both frailty and pre-frailty were associated with higher odds of cvd than robust participants.
longitudinal data were obtained from @number@ prospective cohort studies.
indeed , higher brain signal variability has been associated with better cognitive performance in young adults compared to children and elderly adults.
functional connectivity , a very common approach in resting-state fmri analysis , is scaled for variance.
thus , alterations might be confounded or driven by bold signal variance alterations.
chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ( 22q11.2ds ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with a vast cognitive and clinical phenotype.
to date , several resting-state fmri studies reported altered functional connectivity in 22q11.2ds , however bold signal variance has not yet been analyzed.
positive connectivity of the pcc within the default mode network as well as negative connectivity towards the frontoparietal network were weaker in patients with 22q11.2ds.
we furthermore showed that lower functional connectivity of the pcc was not driven by higher bold signal variability.
our results confirm the strong implication of bold variance in aging and give an initial insight in its relationship with functional connectivity in the dmn.
extensive pulmonary function testing was performed in all subjects.
results : higher age was associated with a lower awt pi10 ( b = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
current-smokers had a higher awt pi10 than never-smokers ( mean @number@ mm versus @number@ mm , p = @number@ ) .
higher awt pi10 was associated with a lower fev conclusions : awt decreases with higher age , possibly reflecting structural changes of the airways.
additionally , current-smokers have a higher awt , possibly due to remodeling or inflammation.
finally , higher awt is associated with a lower level of pulmonary function , even in this population of healthy subjects.
trial registration : this study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with number nct00848406 on @date@ .
background : muscle co-activation plays an important role in enhancing joint stability for movement regulation during motor learning activities.
in normal aging , greater muscle co-activation is induced during gait in elderly adults.
this study investigated age-related changes in muscle co-activation and spatio-temporal parameters during gait and identified the relationship between muscle co-activation and gait speed.
all participants underwent locomotion analysis using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and 12-channel dynamic electromyography.
results : the elderly adults showed significantly higher co-activation than the young and middle-aged adults during gait ( p < @number@ ) .
in contrast , elderly adults showed significantly lower trunk co-activation than the young and middle-aged adults ( p < @number@ ) .
muscle co-activation was significantly correlated with gait speed by aging.
muscle co-activation of the trunk showed a significant positive correlation with gait speed based on age.
however , muscle co-activation of the lower extremity showed a significant negative correlation with gait speed based on age.
conclusion : this finding demonstrated that less muscle co-activation of the trunk was related to locomotive instability in elderly adults.
therefore , clarification of the relationship between trunk co-activation and locomotor instability will be helpful for developing optimal rehabilitation of elderly people to prevent fall.
older chinese people are facing diverse choices of long-term care ( ltc ) modes.
methods : questionnaire data were collected from @number@ participants in four chinese cities in @number@
multinomial logistic regression was adopted to explore the influencing factors of ltc needs.
participants choosing home-and-community-based care were regarded as the reference group.
gender- and age-related differences in the determinants of ltc needs were observed.
current health and social services are not addressing the complex needs of this group or their family caregivers.
a better understanding of the experience of mcc from multiple perspectives is needed to improve the approach to care for this vulnerable group.
however , the experience of mcc has not been explored with a broad sample of community-living older adults , family caregivers and healthcare providers.
healthcare providers represented various disciplines and settings.
interview transcripts were analyzed using thorne's interpretive description approach.
healthcare for mcc was experienced as piecemeal and fragmented with little focus on the person and family as a whole.
stroke is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options.
cell therapy has emerged as an experimental stroke treatment.
ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in nontransplant stroke rats revealed typical bbb pathology.
near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in ecs and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted stroke rats.
equally notable , we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells.
robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hbmepcs likely abrogated stroke-altered vasculature.
preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell-based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in bbb repair for stroke.
stem cells @number@ ; 35 : 1246-1258.
ageing is associated with changes in the peripheral t cell immune system , which can be influenced significantly by latent cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection.
in the human study , rate of mp visualization by pcle was evaluated as the primary outcome.
we also evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of mp visualization by pcle , using pathological presence / absence of mp as the gold standard.
results : we confirmed the dye affinity of cv to mp in all tested models.
a ganglion was detected by pcle in @number@ cases ( @date@ , @percent@ ) .
conclusions : this study demonstrated the technical feasibility of visualizing the mp in real time by cv-assisted pcle ( umin-ctr number , umin000015056 ) .
japan's population is aging more rapidly than that of any other country.
frailty has recently been recognized as an important priority.
a total of @number@ studies were identified in the systematic search , of which five studies were included in this review.
a significant degree of heterogeneity was observed.
there was no evidence of publication bias.
pooled prevalence of frailty was @percent@ for women and @percent@ for men.
this review showed an overall pooled prevalence of frailty among japanese community-dwelling older people of @percent@.
these findings provide important basic information for all parties involved in japanese frailty research.
background : missing values are commonly encountered on the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , particularly when administered to frail older people.
this presents challenges for mmse scoring in research settings.
we sought to describe missingness in mmses administered in long-term-care facilities ( ltcf ) and to compare and contrast approaches to dealing with missing items.
methods : as part of the care and construction project in nova scotia , canada , ltcf residents completed an mmse.
results : the mmse was administered to @number@ residents living in @number@ ltcf.
the sample was predominately female ( @percent@ ) , and @percent@ of participants were aged > 85 years.
at least one item was missing from @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the mmses.
we present suggestions for dealing with missing mmse data based on the extent of missingness and the goal of analyses.
on the other hand , no significant correlation was observed between the magnitudes of visual speech effects and psychophysical responses.
background : vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) -targeting drugs normalise the tumour vasculature and improve access for chemotherapy.
when such damage is prolonged or not repairable , senescence , apoptosis or autophagy is induced.
rad9 is another protein critical for the response of cells to dna damage , and can also selectively regulate gene transcription.
neil1 is also regulated by rad9 through a similar dna sequence , though not yet directly verified as a bonafide p53 response element.
these findings suggest a novel pathway whereby p53 and rad9 control the ddr through a shared mechanism involving an overlapping network of downstream target genes.
new information on infectious diseases in older adults has become available in the past @number@ years.
objectives : to investigate whether higher serum β design : cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective cohort.
setting : population-based cohort study in tokyo , japan.
measurements : the primary predictor was b2m level.
outcomes were prevalent and incident frailty during the 4-year follow-up period.
adjusted odds ratios for the main confounders were obtained using logistic regression.
discrete-time cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of developing frailty.
in the multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders , no significant association was noted between the highest b2m quartile and incident frailty.
approximately @percent@ of americans consume less than the ear for magnesium , and some age groups consume substantially less.
what is needed is an evidenced-based serum magnesium reference interval that reflects optimal health and the current food environment and population.
evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests a critical role of hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus ( ifg ) in associative relative to item encoding.
here , we investigated similarities and differences in functional brain correlates for associative and item memory as a function of encoding instruction.
participants received either incidental ( animacy judgments ) or intentional encoding instructions while fmri was employed during the encoding of associations and items.
in a subsequent recognition task , memory performance of participants receiving intentional encoding instructions was higher compared with those receiving incidental encoding instructions.
furthermore , participants remembered more items than associations , regardless of encoding instruction.
furthermore , greater activity in the left anterior hippocampus and left ifg was observed during intentional associative compared with item encoding.
the same regions were related to subsequent memory of intentionally encoded associations and were thus task relevant.
similarly , connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to the right superior temporal lobe and ifg was uniquely linked to subsequent memory of intentionally encoded associations.
our study demonstrates the differential involvement of anterior hippocampus in intentional relative to incidental associative encoding.
this finding likely reflects that the intent to remember triggers a specific binding process accomplished by this region.
recent data indicate that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with disturbances of the circadian rhythm in patients.
the experiments we carried out in human primary skin fibroblasts.
this cell line was previously shown to exhibit circadian rhythms of clock genes.
moreover , the basic clock properties of these peripheral cells closely mimic those measured physiologically and behaviorally in human and do not change during aging.
in total , our new findings may help to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ad-related circadian alterations.
however , current precision genomic imaging methods are hampered by the lack of fluorescent probes with high specificity and signal-to-noise contrast.
we find that conventional transcription activator-like effectors ( tales ) tend to form protein aggregates , thereby compromising their performance in imaging applications.
through screening , we found that fusing thioredoxin with tales prevented aggregate formation , unlocking the full power of tale-based genomic imaging.
importantly , we identified attrition of ribosomal dna repeats as a molecular marker for human aging.
our study establishes a simple and robust imaging method for precisely monitoring chromatin dynamics in vitro and in vivo.
a positive reaction to mmps was shown as different brown staining intensity in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes / tumor cells.
in the foci of actinic keratosis , the expression of mmp-1 was observed in @percent@ of cases and that of mmp-9 was seen in @percent@.
in basal cell carcinoma , the expression of mmp-1 and mmp-9 was detected in all investigated samples.
minimal mmp-1 and mmp-9 expression was recorded even in grades iii-iv photoaging and in the foci of actinic keratosis.
intense mmp-1 and mmp-9 expression was detected in malignant skin epithelial neoplasms as different clinicomorphological types of basal cell carcinoma.
the @number@ women with abdominal obesity were conventionally divided into @number@ groups : @number@ ) @number@ with pcos and @number@ ) @number@ without this condition.
morphometric parameters , the indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism , and the levels of hormones , including amh , were studied.
results : the patients with pcos had statistically significantly elevated amh levels ( @time@ ±2.63 ng / ml ; p < 0.0001 ) .
background the abnormal activity of sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) is closely related to the aging of vascular endothelial cells.
as a bioactive molecule , allicin has antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and lipid-regulating mechanisms.
however , few reports about the relationship of allicin and sirt1 have been published.
material and methods huvec were exposed to h2o2 to establish the aging model.
the expression of protein and rna were detected by western blot and reverse polymerase chain reaction.
the 3- ( @number@ , 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl ) -2 , 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( mtt ) assay was used to assess cell viability.
sirt1 enzyme activity assay was used to analyze enzymatic activity.
reactive oxygen species was detected by dichlorofluorescein diacetate ( dcfh-da ) .
cell aging was detected by senescence β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) staining.
moreover , h2o2 also promoted huvec aging.
these effects were significantly alleviated by @number@ ng / ml allicin co-treatment.
furthermore , the anti-aging effects of allicin were abolished by the sirt1 inhibitor nicotinamide ( nam ) .
conclusions overall , the results demonstrated that allicin protects huvecs from h2o2-induced oxidative stress and aging via the activation of sirt1.
methods : a markov model was designed to simulate a cohort of @number@ vte patients receiving either apixaban or lmwh / vka.
transition probabilities , costs , and utilities were obtained from the amplify trial and other literature.
in the univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses ( psas ) the robustness of the results was tested , and various additional scenario analyses were conducted.
in the univariate sensitivity analysis the model appeared to be robust.
the scenario of 18-month treatment duration was the only scenario not indicating cost-savings with an icer of €425 / qaly.
implications : in acute anticoagulation use apixaban was found to be cost-saving.
a longer anticoagulation period ( @number@ months ) resulted in a higher difference in drug costs , indicating a higher icer.
the cost-effectiveness of long-term or life-long use should be examined in future research.
this study explores how and why abuse and neglect occurs in geriatric institutions and presents practical prevention measures.
exploratory qualitative interviews were carried out with purposive sample of @number@ nursing staff members.
they were recruited from different institutions caring for older patients in the north-western region of switzerland.
these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.
participating nursing staff members reported several factors pertaining to the care provider , the older patient , and the institution that precipitated abuse and neglect.
they mentioned different solutions that could help them address their responsibilities in a reasonable manner.
an increasing evidence base suggests that low bone mineral density ( bmd ) and fractures are associated with cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the evidence of low bmd and fractures as risk factors for future cvd.
twenty-eight studies ( @number@ regarding bmd and @number@ fractures ) followed a total of @number@ participants for a median of @number@ years.
low tolerability potentially reduces persistence and adherence , while inducing switching between medications.
comparisons of these utilization measures contribute to knowledge of the relative tolerability of these medications.
aim : the aim was to compare persistence , adherence , and switching between donepezil , galantamine , oral rivastigmine , and rivastigmine patch.
methods : a population-based cohort study , using british columbia claims data ( 2009-2013 ) , assessed chei new users aged @number@ and older.
we conducted survival analysis to compare persistence and poisson regression to estimate switching rates.
good adherence , defined as a medication possession ratio of ≥80% , was modeled using log-binomial regression.
analyses were adjusted using propensity scores.
conclusions : based on estimates of persistence , adherence , and switching , galantamine was the best tolerated chei and rivastigmine the least.
introduction : extensive clinical research has consistently shown statins lower the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.
some studies also suggest statins increase the risk of new-onset diabetes.
research to date has rarely included elderly women , hence little is known about the risk of diabetes after statin exposure in this population.
objectives : our objectives were to evaluate and estimate the risk of new-onset diabetes associated with statin exposure in a cohort of elderly australian women.
participants included @number@ australian women born between @number@ and @number@ alive at @date@ , free of diabetes , and eligible for data linkage.
statin exposure was ascertained based on prescriptions dispensed between @date@ and @date@ .
this equates to a number needed to harm ( nnh ) of @number@ ( @percent@ ci 62-1079 ) for @number@ years of exposure to statins.
conclusion : the dose-response for statins on new onset of diabetes suggests elderly women should not be exposed to higher doses of statins.
objective : cholecystolithiasis is a common disease in the elderly patient.
the routine therapy is open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
in the previous study , we designed a minimally invasive cholecystolithotomy based on percutaneous cholecystostomy combined with a choledochoscope ( pcclc ) under local anesthesia.
however , the pre- and postoperational gallbladder ejection fraction was not significantly different.
first , restricted by the diameter of the drainage tube , the pcclc should be used only for small gallstones in high-risk surgical patients.
fracture liaison services ( flss ) with varying models of care are in place to take responsibility for this investigative and treatment process.
this review aims to describe outcomes for patients with osteoporotic fragility fractures as part of flss.
the most intensive service that includes identification , assessment and treatment of patients appears to deliver the best outcomes.
in response to this evidence , key organizations and stakeholders have published guidance and framework to ensure that best practice in flss is delivered.
background : with longer lifespan there is a need for maintaining optimal quality of life and health in older age.
skeletal muscle strength deteriorates in older age.
this deterioration is also observed within masticatory muscles.
surface electromyography was performed to evaluate masticatory muscles activity.
we examined associations of bmi with healthy and chronic disease-free life expectancy in four european cohort studies.
methods : data were drawn from repeated waves of cohort studies in england , finland , france and sweden.
no consistent differences were observed between cohorts.
mechanisms leading to the impairment of microcirculation in diabetes are multiple and still largely unclear.
however , a dysregulated vascular regeneration appears to play a key role.
the total phenolic content and individual phenolics in rpp were determined.
results showed that the total phenolic content of rpp was @number@ mg gallic acid equivalents ( gae ) / g extract.
the content of geranin ( @number@ mg / g extract ) was the highest among those of the @number@ identified phenolic compounds.
delayed cutaneous wound healing is implicated in many conditions such as diabetes , aging , stress and alcohol consumption.
however , the effects of cell-free extract of atscs ( atsc-ex ) containing secretome on wound healing process have not been investigated.
in this study , atsc-ex was topically applied on the cutaneous wound and healing speed was examined.
atsc-ex augmented hdf proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and migration ability was enhanced by extract treatment.
representative ecm proteins , collagen type i and matrix metalloproteinase-1 , are significantly up-regulated by treatment of atsc-ex.
our results suggest that the atsc-ex have improving effect of wound healing and can be the potential therapeutic candidate for cutaneous wound healing.
main outcome measures : difference in normalized muscle activation between high-speed yoga and standard-speed yoga.
there was no significant interaction between speed×phase ; however , greater normalized muscle activity was seen for highspeed yoga across the entire session.
therefore , the transition speed and associated number of poses should be considered when targeting specific improvements in performance.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a major cause of central vision loss in persons over 55years of age in developed countries.
amd is a complex disease in which genetic , environmental and inflammatory factors influence its onset and progression.
genetic studies of amd patients confirmed that genetic variants affecting the alternative complement pathway have a major influence on amd risk.
design : secondary analysis of a randomized , controlled , parallel-group trial.
setting : home-based rehabilitation ; measurements in university laboratory.
participants : community-dwelling people ( n = 81 ) aged ≥60 years recovering from a hip fracture.
three pa categories were defined : inactivity , light pa , and moderate to heavy pa.
physical function was assessed using the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) at baseline.
the effects of the intervention were analyzed with generalized estimating equations.
the benefit was particularly evident among the participants with a baseline sppb score of ≥7 ( interaction p < .001 ) .
conclusions : the 12-month individualized multicomponent rehabilitation program increased pa among older patients with hip fracture.
the increase was found to be maintained at the 1-year follow-up.
late-life depression ( lld ) is thought to be multifactorial in etiology , including a significant genetic component.
while a number of candidate gene studies have been carried out , results remain inconclusive.
a total of @number@ candidate gene studies examining @number@ polymorphisms in @number@ genes as well as a genome-wide association study ( gwas ) were included.
meta-analyses were conducted for four polymorphisms using random effects models , of which three ( apoe , bdnf , slc6a4 ) were associated with lld.
these genes are implicated in hippocampal plasticity and stress reactivity , suggesting that dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to lld.
despite using a large sample , the only gwas published to date identified only one genome-wide significant locus in the 5q21 region.
in the future , larger genetic studies specifically examining lld , including non-hypothesis-driven gwas , are required to further identify genetic determinants of lld.
background : whole-exome sequencing ( wes ) has been successful in identifying genes that cause familial parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
however , until now this approach has not been deployed to study large cohorts of unrelated participants.
to discover rare pd susceptibility variants , we performed wes in @number@ unrelated cases and @number@ control participants.
results : assuming autosomal recessive inheritance , we identify @number@ genes that have homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in pd cases.
definitive replication and confirmation of these findings were hindered by potential heterogeneity and by the rarity of the implicated alleles.
we therefore looked for potential genetic interactions with established pd mechanisms.
following rnai-mediated knockdown , @number@ of the genes modulated mitochondrial dynamics in human neuronal cultures and four candidates enhanced α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in drosophila.
conclusions : by integrating human genetic and functional evidence , we identify several pd susceptibility gene candidates for further investigation.
our approach highlights a powerful experimental strategy with broad applicability for future studies of disorders with complex genetic etiologies.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins.
in this study , we focused on the unclarified issue of whether the neurotoxicity of aβ oligomers is a reversible process.
aβ-o treatment resulted in activation of caspase-3 and eif2α , effects that were considerably attenuated following aβ-o removal.
immunocytochemical analyses revealed that aβ-o induced aberrant phosphorylation and caspase-mediated cleavage of tau , both of which were mostly reversed by aβ-o removal.
furthermore , aβ-o caused intraneuronal dislocation of β-catenin protein and a reduction in its levels , and these alterations were partially reversed upon aβ-o withdrawal.
the dislocation of β-catenin appeared to reflect synaptic disorganization.
these findings indicate that removal of extracellular aβ-o can fully or partially reverse aβ-o-induced neurotoxic alterations in our neuron model.
objectives : recent literature suggests reduced benefits associated with high intensity ( hit ) and or sustained intensity exercise training ( sit ) .
retrospective and observational data were collected from direct professional and personal contact with the @number@ men in the running club.
conclusion : the benefits of exercise for reducing risk of chronic disease , including cvd , are well known.
whether these benefits extend to the more intense and prolonged exercise associated with marathon running is unclear.
whether this is due to self-selection or predisposition is not well understood but merits further study.
our health and care services face a number of challenges in @number@
people are living longer and the population is ageing.
while this is to be celebrated , older people are more likely to develop healthcare conditions that can restrict their lives and independence.
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) occurs more frequently in older people.
for those nursing older people in a variety of settings , knowledge of vte prevention , diagnosis and treatment is essential.
this article discusses simple , practical measures that can be used to reduce the risk of vte , including good hydration and promotion of mobilisation.
it also discusses how a vte forms , the signs and symptoms , and the methods used to diagnose and treat vte.
in recent years new drugs have been licensed to treat patients with vte called direct oral anticoagulants.
this article explores recent evidence and important considerations for their use in treatment of vte.
aims : acquired hearing loss is a worldwide epidemic that affects all ages.
it is multifactorial in etiology with poorly characterized molecular mechanisms.
mitochondria are critical components in hearing.
innovation : currently , no molecular mechanisms linked to metabolic arhl have been identified.
we established pathological and molecular mechanisms that link the disease to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 489-509.
the eye is a sensitive organ with complex optical system involves in the perception of light.
although it has several protective mechanisms by itself , various physiological and metabolic disorders are detrimental to the proper functioning of the visual system.
grape juice has long been used worldwide for its potent medicinal values including ocular promotion.
bioactivities of grape products are highly attributed to the presence of health promoting phytochemicals in them.
however , only limited number of studies has been conducted so far focusing the ocular promoting activity of grape polyphenols.
however , little is known about the longitudinal outcome of incident mci as predicted by late-life ( aged ≥70 years ) mentally stimulating activities.
participants @number@ years or older who were cognitively normal at baseline were followed up to the outcome of incident mci.
the study dates were @date@ to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : at baseline , participants provided information about mentally stimulating activities within @number@ year before enrollment into the study.
neurocognitive assessment was conducted at baseline , with evaluations at 15-month intervals.
cognitive diagnosis was made by an expert consensus panel based on published criteria.
the associations may vary by apoe ε4 carrier status.
background : hospice care is most appropriate when a patient no longer benefits from curative treatment and has limited life expectancy.
objective : to describe the home hospice patients at hca hospice care ( hhc ) singapore from @number@ to @number@
description of home care patients in terms of their sociodemographic profile and diagnosis at admission.
we reviewed the electronic medical records of patients admitted into hhc from @number@ to @number@
of the @number@ patients in the entire samples , @percent@ were males , @percent@ were married , and @percent@ were chinese.
among noncancer patients , renal failure ( @percent@ ) was the most common diagnosis.
this also helps to plan and develop similar services in other parts of the world.
in multivariable analyses , glycaemic status was not independently associated with four-frequency or high-frequency average hearing loss.
conclusions : there was progressively increasing mid-range hearing loss with worsening glucose tolerance in younger individuals , suggesting dysglycaemia-associated early-onset presbycusis.
alcoholic liver disease ( ald ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
ald refers to a number of symptoms / deficits that contribute to liver injury.
these include steatosis , inflammation , fibrosis and cirrhosis , which , when taken together , sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression.
the pathogenesis of ald , influenced by host and environmental factors , is currentlyonly partially understood.
this review aimsto introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol-mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
twenty patients with moderate-severe hip oa ( grade ii-iv according to kellgren-lawrence score ) were enrolled in the study group.
the measures were repeated at three and six months.
we may infer that both ha preparations work synergically , enhancing their positive activities.
increasingly complex pathophysiological mechanisms have been discovered in recent years with evidence of new molecules involved in the development of ckd - mbd.
combining gm and wm volumes , svm analysis showed @percent@ accuracy to distinguish ftld-tau and ftld-tdp pathologies across variants.
interpretation : each ppa clinical variant is associated with a typical and most frequent cognitive , neuroimaging , and neuropathological profile.
specific clinical and early anatomical features may suggest rare and atypical pathological diagnosis in vivo.
ann neurol @number@ ; 81 : 430-443.
we studied a possible role of mindy in human hepatic fat metabolism.
in nonhuman primates , a 2-year high-fat , high-sucrose diet increased hepatic mindy expression.
liver microarray analysis showed that high mindy expression was associated with pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and immunological processes.
interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) was identified as a regulator of mindy by binding to its cognate receptor.
in contrast , deletion of mindy completely prevented the stimulating effect of il-6 on citrate uptake and reduced hepatic lipogenesis.
these data show that mindy is increased in liver of obese humans and nonhuman primates with nalfd.
moreover , our data identify mindy as a target gene of il-6 and determine novel functions of il-6 through mindy.
conclusion : targeting human mindy may have therapeutic potential in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
german clinical trials register : drks00005450.
( hepatology @number@ ; 66 : 616-630 ) .
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) is the most frequent metabolic disorder in pregnancy.
women with a gdm history are at increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between several genes involved in the metabolic pathway of insulin and environmental factors.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical parameters in gdm and variants in genes involved with nutrients and metabolism.
several variants currently , the rate of aging is increasing rapidly and the number of elderly patients in hospitals is rising in japan.
under such circumstances , we established an emergency care unit for the elderly at our hospital in @date@ to provide acute healthcare of the community.
our unit has been active in providing treatment for acute diseases in elderly individuals in the community.
from january to @date@ , we examined treatment policies for colon cancer at our hospital.
we hereby report specific cases of colon cancer treatment policies for elderly patients at our hospital , together with a discussion of the literature.
this study aims to clarify the effects of the eol care bonus in promoting eol care in nursing homes.
a longitudinal observational study using a questionnaire was conducted.
we invited @number@ nursing homes in kanagawa prefecture in japan , a region with a rapidly aging population , to participate in the study.
the outcome was the number of residents dying in nursing homes from @number@ to @number@
a total of @number@ nursing home facilities responded ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : highly fluctuating impairment of diastolic function relative to arterial elasticity may predispose elderly women to pulmonary edema.
nadph can either act as a co-enzyme to produce gsh or a substrate of nadph oxidase ( nox ) to generate ros.
this study was designed to elucidate the effects of co-treatment with nadph and nox inhibitor apocynin on ischemia / reperfusion-induced brain inflammation and neuronal injury.
the results showed that both nadph and apocynin markedly attenuated ischemia / reperfusion-induced increases in the levels of nox2 , nox4 and ros.
moreover , all these effects were greatly amplified by combination of nadph and apocynin.
both nadph and apocynin significantly reduced infarct volume , improved post-stroke survival , and recovery of neurological functions in mouse model of stroke.
consistently , the combination of nadph and apocynin produced greater beneficial effects in against ischemic brain damage.
interactions between the immune and endocrine systems are not well studied in marsupials and monotremes.
thymus involution provides a direct link between the endocrine and immune systems and warrants further study in marsupials and monotremes.
the thymus is a primary immune tissue which is essential for overall immune function.
whilst the organ is large in juvenile animals , it begins to involute around puberty due to the suppressive effects of sex steroids.
thymus involution has a significant effect on the immune system , as it signals the onset of immune aging and decline in function.
the output of naïve t lymphocytes by the thymus decreases , increasing susceptibility of aged individuals to infection and cancers.
in addition , the schwann cell origin of dftd may enable tumours to respond to sex hormones , as occurs in similar cancers in humans.
there are no disease-altering therapies for dry amd , which is characterized by accumulation of subretinal drusen deposits and complement-driven inflammation.
thus , targeting nam-regulated pathways is a promising avenue for developing therapeutics to combat amd.
homozygous smn1 loss causes spinal muscular atrophy ( sma ) , the most common lethal genetic childhood motor neuron disease.
smn1 encodes smn , a ubiquitous housekeeping protein , which makes the primarily motor neuron-specific phenotype rather unexpected.
sma-affected individuals harbor low smn expression from one to six smn2 copies , which is insufficient to functionally compensate for smn1 loss.
the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) has led to a substantial change in the clinical population of hiv-positive patients receiving care.
we describe the temporal trends in the demographic and clinical characteristics of hiv-positive patients initiating art in 2003-13 within an asian regional cohort.
all hiv-positive adult patients that initiated art between @number@ and @number@ were included.
a total of @number@ @number@ patients were included in the analysis.
patients in active follow-up increased from @number@ patients at four sites in @number@ to @number@ patients at eight sites in @number@
concurrently , cd4 monitoring has remained stable in recent years , whereas hiv viral load monitoring , although varied among the sites , is increasing.
there have been substantial changes in the clinical and demographic characteristics of hiv-positive patients receiving art in asia.
mitochondria are not only atp producing organelles , but they play pivotal roles in apoptosis , neurodegeneration , cancer and aging.
in order to ensure proper cell functioning a continous communication between cell nucleus and mitochondria must be maintained.
this review presents novel developments in the field of nucleo-mitochondrial communications.
mechanisms of these processes and their significance for cellular homeostasis are poorly known and present an important challenge for molecular biology.
aging is one of the most extensively studied biological process and yet still some of its aspects remain elusive.
this work summarizes the information about ampk participation in the aging process.
anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery can be a devastating adverse event.
a protocol for this meta-analysis has been registered on prospero ( crd42016050934 ) .
the initial search yielded @number@ potentially relevant articles.
mmas included @number@ men ( aged 40-70 years ) and reported a @percent@ incidence of some degree of ed.
the unique mechanism of action and high efficacy of pde5 inhibitors has generated immense interest among researchers dealing with sexual dysfunction.
time domain and spectral analysis of heart rate variability ( hrv ) quantified autonomic cardiac regulation.
results : natural logarithm ( ln ) transformation was applied to all hrv parameters.
diastolic bp ( dbp ) decreased significantly in both groups ( 2tg : p < 0.001 ; 3tg : p < 0.001 ) .
both groups showed significant improvements in six-minute walk distance ( 2tg : p = 0.003 , 3tg : p = 0.001 ) .
conclusions : a combined exercise programme resulted in improved dbp and crf irrespective of training two or three 60min sessions / week.
nanostructured lipid carriers ( nlc ) are well-known systems that show effectiveness to improve skin hydration , being suggested for cosmetic and dermatological use.
nonetheless , nlc dispersions present low viscosity , which is non-attractive for cutaneous application.
to circumvent this drawback , the dispersions can be gelled or incorporated in semisolid systems , increasing the final formulation consistency.
design : a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective cohort studies were conducted.
study appraisal included a thorough risk of bias assessment.
data synthesis followed a random-effects model.
data sources : the included studies were retrieved from the databases medline and isi web of knowledge.
additionally , the authors checked the references of the included studies for further relevant literature.
the outcome had to address all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events.
studies that examined polypharmacy or specific drugs were excluded.
results : at first , @number@ studies were included in a meta-analysis.
the association of pim with overall mortality was not statistically significant ( risk ratio ; @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ @number@.95-1.35 ) .
however , the majority of studies showed a high risk of specific forms of bias.
these biases can be excluded by applying a new user design.
it ascertains that adverse events occurring early in therapy are recorded.
only one study focused on cardiovascular events and found no statistically significant association.
however , the study was not conducted with a new user design.
physicians should therefore avoid prescribing pim for older adults whenever feasible.
further new user design studies are required for cardiovascular outcomes and to compare the predictive value of different pim criteria for mortality.
background : cognitive impairment is common in patients treated with hemodialysis.
the trajectory of cognitive function and risk factors for cognitive decline remain uncertain in this population.
study design : longitudinal cohort.
setting & participants : @number@ prevalent hemodialysis patients.
outcomes : cognitive function as determined by a comprehensive neurocognitive battery , administered at baseline and yearly when possible.
results : mean age was @number@ years ; @percent@ were men , @percent@ were black , and @percent@ had at least a high school education.
linear mixed models and joint models , which accounted for competing risks from death , dropout , or kidney transplantation , showed nearly identical results.
conclusions : prevalent hemodialysis patients demonstrate significant cognitive decline , particularly within tests of executive function.
older age was the only statistically significant risk factor for steeper cognitive decline , which may have important clinical consequences for patient management and education.
future studies should evaluate strategies to maintain or improve cognitive function.
hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs-aging ) is a common neurodegenerative condition associated with dementia.
genetic data were obtained from the alzheimer's disease genetics consortium , linked to autopsy-derived neuropathological outcomes from the national alzheimer's coordinating center.
of the @number@ subjects included in the study , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were identified as an hs-aging case.
the significant gene-based association between the abcc9 gene and hs-aging appeared to be driven by a region in which a significant haplotype-based association was found.
we tested this haplotype as an expression quantitative trait locus using @number@ different public-access brain gene expression databases.
the hs-aging pathology protective abcc9 haplotype was associated with decreased abcc9 expression , indicating a possible toxic gain of function.
the incidence is estimated to 3-4 for @number@ aberrant placental ageing is implicated in a high percentage of birth complications , stillbirths and neonatal deaths.
background and aim : health status is an independent predictor of mortality , morbidity and functioning in older people.
methods : using computerized randomly selection , a representative sample of @number@ 75-year-olds living in tehran ( 2007-2008 ) , iran , was included.
participants answered questions regarding indicators of hs , ses and also pa and i through interviews.
both measurement and conceptual models of our hypotheses were tested using mplus @number@
objective : to evaluate the feasibility and short- and long-term effects of two 10-wk structured ergometer-cycling programs among elderly in assisted-living residences.
intervention : three-weekly progressive ergometer-cycling sessions for @number@ weeks.
results : @number@ participants were analyzed post-intervention , @number@ at follow-up.
adherence was higher in strict than aut during the intervention ( p = 0.001 ) , but not during follow-up.
compared with con , both programs showed positive short- and long-term effects on moderate-intensity pa ( p = 0.034 ) .
with regard to strength , functional performance and well-being , no time-by-group interaction effects were found.
conclusion : both interventions were feasible and equally effective to increase long-term engagement in pa , irrespective of the type of supervision.
when adherence is high , positive effects on strength , performance and well-being can be expected.
a subtype of microglia is defined by the morphological appearance of the cells as rod shaped.
little is known about this intriguing cell type , as there are only a few case reports describing rod-shaped microglia in the neuropathological literature.
we hypothesized that aging could be a defining feature in the occurrence of rod-shaped microglia.
the presence or absence of rod-shaped microglia was scored on iba1 immunohistochemically stained slides for the hippocampus and cortex.
we found that age was one of the strongest determinants for the presence of rod-shaped microglia in the hippocampus and the cortex.
we found no association with the presence of rod-shaped microglia and a self-reported history of a tbi.
recent studies have reported several genetic , health , and aging interaction effects in predicting cognitive performance and change.
the polymorphisms were apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) , ( comt ) , and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) .
first , apoe ε4 + carriers had poorer ef performance and steeper 9-year decline.
speakers respond automatically and rapidly to compensate for brief perturbations of pitch in their auditory feedback.
cortical regions involved in the pitch reflex phenomenon are highly vulnerable targets of network disruption in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we examined the pitch reflex in ad patients ( n = @number@ ) compared to an age-matched control group ( n = @number@ ) .
we measured the degree of behavioral compensation ( peak compensation ) and the extent of the adaptive response ( pitch-response persistence ) .
healthy-controls reached a peak compensation of @number@ ± @number@ cents , and demonstrated a sustained compensation at @number@ ± @number@ cents.
the degree of increased peak compensation predicted executive dysfunction , while the degree of impaired pitch-response persistence predicted memory dysfunction , in ad patients.
background : trauma and depression have each been associated with neurocognitive alterations , but their combined effect on neurocognition is unclear.
methods : @number@ adults aged 30-89 were divided into groups based on their current depression and trauma history.
resulting ns were @number@ d + t + , @number@ d + t- , @number@ d-t + , and @number@ d-t-.
results : multivariable linear regressions adjusting for age revealed that trauma , regardless of depression , is associated with worse verbal-lmr performance.
this trauma association was driven by verbal list and prose passages learning and memory , but not recognition memory.
age-stratified ( < 60 versus ≥60 years ) regressions revealed the trauma association was only significant for older adults.
no main or interactive effects for depression were observed.
conclusions : trauma , regardless of depression , is associated with worse verbal learning and memory , but not recognition performance.
these results suggest that trauma exposure may negatively impact neurocognition.
increasingly , primary care collaborative memory clinics ( pccmcs ) are being established to build capacity for person-centred dementia care.
this paper reflects on the significance of pccmcs within the system of care for older adults , supported with data from ongoing evaluation studies.
results highlight timelier access to assessment with a high proportion of patients being managed in primary care within a person-centred approach to care.
sensory decline is viewed as an inevitable consequence of the ageing process.
however , reports of declines have not been a consistent finding across the sensory systems.
findings for the somatosensory system ( mechanoreception , warming and cooling thermoreception and pain ) are less conclusive.
background : sense of self-worth influences the health status of the elderly and may be associated with mortality.
methods : a total of @number@ persons older than @number@ years of age were recruited at a community health centre.
characteristics of the most recent fall were obtained through detailed interviews with study participants.
the falls efficacy scale was used to quantify fear of falling.
results : frequency of falling was @percent@.
falls occurred most often while walking ( @percent@ ) .
one-half of fallers ( @percent@ ) sustained an injury.
head haematomas and soft tissues contusions were the most common consequences of falls.
the average falls efficacy scale score was significantly higher in fallers ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the frequency of falls among older people was similar to those in other populations.
these results could be used to help select older persons who should be enrolled in fall prevention programmes.
what is the central question of this study ?
this study aimed to determine the effect of ageing on cardiorespiratory and tissue oxygenation responses to hypoxia during maximal incremental exercise.
what is the main finding and its importance ?
older healthy subjects had preserved hypoxic cardiorespiratory and tissue oxygenation responses at rest and during moderate exercise.
at maximal exercise , they had a reduced hypoxic ventilatory response but similar maximal power output reduction compared with young individuals.
this study assessed the effects of ageing on cardiorespiratory and tissue oxygenation responses to hypoxia both at rest and during incremental maximal exercise.
cardiorespiratory responses , prefrontal cortex and quadriceps tissue oxygenation ( near-infrared spectroscopy ) were measured during exercise as well as during hypercapnia at rest.
evs transport cellular materials in many physiologic processes , including differentiation , stem cell homeostasis , immune responses , and neuronal signaling.
evs are also increasingly recognized as having a direct role in pathologies such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
accordingly , evs have been the focus of intense investigation as biomarkers of disease , prognostic indicators , and even therapeutic tools.
to illustrate the interest in ev biology , we discuss ev rnas in cancer and neurodegeneration , two major age-associated disease processes.
wires rna @number@ 8 : e1413. doi : @number@.1002 / wrna.1413 for further resources related to this article , please visit the wires website.
however , differences in gait may not be salient enough in the early stages of dementia to be detected by actigraphy.
more research comparing different methods to measure gait in early stages of dementia under different dual task conditions is neccessary.
msdk increased serum p1np levels and reduced bone turnover ( ctx : p1np ) .
psychometric analyses indicated that mood and sleep quality improved for the msdk group.
in layered osteoblasts , msdk also decreased expression of the metabolic proteins pparγ ( pparg ) and glut4 ( slc2a4 ) .
in adipose-derived human mscs , msdk induced osteoblastogenesis.
there is therefore great interest in developing non-invasive metrics for estimating brain cmrglu.
we investigated this relation in two distinct cognitively healthy populations separated by age ( @number@ young adults and @number@ older adults ) .
overall , we found that both regionally and across participants , reho strongly correlated with cmrglu in healthy young and older adults.
moreover , reho demonstrated the same age-related differences as cmrglu throughout all cortical regions , particularly in the default network and frontal areas.
in this context , new antioxidants preventing such effects may have a relevant role as modulators of cell homeostasis and as therapeutic agents.
sarcopenia is a catabolic pathway common of the aging process and also associated with chd.
in the elderly , both changes occur concurrently and it remains unclear the relative contribution on chd risk.
odds ratio ( or ) was calculated by multivariate regression models using coronary calcium score ( ccs ) categories and fmd as dependent variables.
adjustment for potential confounders was done.
surprisingly , the excess of fatty mass seems not to be related to atherosclerotic burden in very elderly individuals.
background : studies on life-space ( ls ) and its determinants have previously been limited to community-dwelling subjects but are lacking in institutionalized older persons.
measures of physical , psychosocial , cognitive , socio-demographic , and environmental factors were assessed via established motor performance tests , interviews , and proxy-reports.
ls was significantly increased during institutional routines ( mealtimes ) as compared to the rest of the day.
conclusions : the sensor-based ls assessment provided new , objective insights into ls of institutionalized persons living in nursing homes.
trial registration : current controlled trials isrctn96090441 ( retrospectively registered ) .
we newly synthesized six 2-methyl-2- ( o-tolyloxy ) propanoic acid derivatives based on the structure of a well-known ppar pan agonist , bezafibrate.
of six compounds , mhy2013 was screened as the strongest activator of three ppar subtypes based on protein docking simulation and luciferase assays.
furthermore , mhy2013 markedly increased serum levels of insulin-sensitizing hormones including fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf21 ) and adiponectin.
we therefore investigated associations between lower limb co-contraction and gait characteristics under normal and dual task conditions in healthy older adults ( @number@.4±5.9years ) .
we hypothesized that greater co-contraction is associated with slower gait speed during dual task conditions that stress executive and attentional abilities.
a large part of this decline is caused by the deterioration of tissue stem cell function.
understanding the mechanisms that drive stem cell aging and how to counteract them is a critical step for enhancing tissue repair and maintenance during aging.
this review focuses on the interaction between chromatin and metabolism in the regulation of tissue stem cells during aging.
we also discuss how these mechanisms integrate environmental stimuli such as nutrient stress to regulate stem cell function.
finally , this review examines new perspectives for regeneration , rejuvenation , and treatment of age-related decline of stem cell function.
objective : to assess the effect of age on pre- and post-conization hpv genotype distribution.
results : there were @number@ patients included.
crowding was also measured in young and age-matched controls at the same retinal locations , using a fixation-contingent display paradigm to allow unlimited stimulus duration.
with objects , the critical spacing of crowding for amd participants was not substantially different from controls.
however , baseline contrast energy thresholds in the noncrowded condition were four times that of the controls.
crowding further exacerbated deficits in contrast sensitivity to three times the normal crowding-induced contrast energy threshold elevation.
these findings indicate that contrast-sensitivity deficit is a major limiting factor of object recognition for individuals with amd , in addition to crowding.
focusing on this more tractable deficit of amd may lead to more effective remediation and technological assistance.
perceptual functions change with age , particularly motion perception.
with regard to healthy aging , previous studies mostly measured motion coherence thresholds for coarse motion direction discrimination along cardinal axes of motion.
in a second step , we determined participants ' motion coherence thresholds for vertical and horizontal coarse motion direction discrimination.
older adults performed as well as younger adults for discriminating motion away from vertical.
surprisingly , performance for discriminating motion away from horizontal was strongly decreased.
to date , no large scale , systematic description of the blood serum proteome has been performed in inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) patients.
by using microarray technology , a more complete description of the blood proteome of ibd patients is feasible.
it may help to achieve a better understanding of the disease.
materials and methods : mrna levels of 5ht receptors in min6 cells were quantified by rt qpcr.
results : we found that mrna levels of most 5ht receptors were either very low or undetectable in min6 cells.
by contrast , htr2b mrna was present at moderate levels in these cells.
preincubation ( @number@ h ) of min6 cells with 5ht or bw723c86 reduced gsis and the effect of 5ht was prevented by sb204741.
preincubation with bw723c86 increased pgc1α and ppary mrna and protein levels and decreased mitochondrial respiration and atp content in min6 cells.
differences in muscle activation and kinematics between cable-based and selectorized weight training.
fifteen individuals ( @number@ men , @number@ women ; mean age ± sd , @time@ ± @number@ years ) participated.
machine order was randomized.
greater range of motion ( rom ) favoring the cable machine was also evident ( p < @number@ ) .
many sms have s / r beliefs that could increase vulnerability to mi.
method : unilateral leg press resistance exercise was conducted daily during the hospital period.
activity level was measured using activpal accelerometers , and crp levels were obtained from blood samples.
lean mass at the midthigh region of the trained leg increased by @percent@ ± @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) after the intervention period.
leg extension power increased significantly in both legs ( p < @number@ ) , with no difference observed between legs.
there were no changes in maximal voluntary contraction or functional performance.
nearly two-thirds of homebound and over half of semi-homebound older adults with clinically significant depressive symptoms also had significant anxiety symptoms.
some differences in the risk factor profile emerged between the homebound and the semi-homebound populations.
alleviating the burden of depression in the semi-homebound population may focus on early prevention that considers the diversity of this population.
testing older adults in the morning generally improves behavioral performance relative to afternoon testing.
morning testing is also associated with brain activity similar to that of young adults.
we used nodes from the automated anatomical labeling atlas to construct participant-specific correlation matrices of fmri data obtained during 1-back tasks with interference and rest.
we computed pairwise group differences for key graph metrics , including small-worldness and modularity.
we found that older adults tested in the morning and young adults did not differ on any graph metric.
both of these groups differed from older adults tested in the afternoon during the tasks-but not rest.
specifically , the latter group had lower modularity and small-worldness ( indices of more efficient network organization ) .
across all groups , higher modularity and small-worldness strongly correlated with reduced distractibility on an implicit priming task.
increasingly , tod is seen as important for interpreting and reproducing neuroimaging results.
our study emphasizes how tod affects brain network organization and executive control in older adults.
middle-aged , working- and middle-class people in urban northern thailand are using demographic categories to imagine their future identities as ' senior citizens'.
herpes zoster ( hz ) results from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus latent in the sensory ganglia when cell-mediated immunity is altered.
it is a frequent condition in older adults , leading to undesirable adverse outcomes.
both hz and post-herpetic neuralgia may impact the quality of life , functional status , mental health , and social interaction in older adults.
clinical trials have demonstrated that the vaccine decreases the incidence of hz and post-herpetic neuralgia by up to @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
when treating older adults with multi-morbidity , practitioners should consider starting low-dose drugs so they can look for potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions.
the present study was aimed at identifying genetic modifiers modulating aao in a large cohort of italian ftd patients.
we conducted an association analysis on @number@ ftd patients , belonging to @number@ italian centers , and for whom aao was available.
population structure was evaluated by principal component analysis to infer continuous axes of genetic variation , and single linear regression models were applied.
a genetic score ( gs ) was calculated on the basis of suggestive single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) found by association analyses.
an increase of the gs was associated with a decrease of the aao.
our data indicate that there is indeed a genetic component that underpins and modulates up to @percent@ of variability of aao in italian ftd.
future studies on genetic modifiers in ftd are warranted.
piceatannol delayed the age-related decline of pumping rate and locomotive activity , and protected the worms from heat and oxidative stress.
this study further indicated that lifespan extension and enhanced stress resistance induced by piceatannol requires daf-16.
the global obesity epidemic enhanced contemporary interest in adipose tissue biology.
their distribution was recognized to be a major determinant of metabolic risk.
unlike vat , sat showed some protective endocrine and inflammatory features that might explain the occurrence of obese but metabolically healthy persons.
the unique developmental gene expression signature , angiogenesis , and adipogenic potential of sat determines its growth ability under the positive energy balance.
the overflow hypothesis suggested that when sat is unable to expand sufficiently , fat overflows towards metabolically adverse ectopic depots.
besides white adipose tissue , recent studies found important brown adipose tissue activity responsible for thermogenesis and energy dissipation in adults as well.
sat is prone to \ "browning \ " - the appearance of particular beige adipocytes that contribute to its favorable metabolic effects.
the popular approach considering sat mainly as the subject of cosmetic procedures for improving the appearance of body contours should be avoided.
complex heterogeneity of obesity revealed that a tissue of an extreme plasticity and rich interactions with vital functions of the body lies under the surface.
therapeutic manipulations to preserve and enhance healthier fat in order to correct obesity-related metabolic disorders seem to be a relevant but still unexplored opportunity.
psychiatric comorbidities are common in people living with hiv ( plwh ) and adversely affect life satisfaction , treatment adherence and disease progression.
participants completed a standardized neuropsychological battery and were assigned cognitive diagnoses using frascati criteria.
we captured psychiatric symptom burden using the geriatric depression scale ( gds ) and proxy-informed neuropsychiatric inventory-questionnaire ( npi-q ) .
our findings showed similarities in hand and non-hand groups on both npi-q ( items and clusters ) and gds scores.
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) plays a significant role in tubulointerstitial fibrosis , which is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy.
thus , identifying the mechanisms of emt activation could be meaningful.
to further explore the roles of mir-30c in emt and tubulointerstitial fibrosis , recombinant adeno-associated viral vector was applied to manipulate the expression of mir-30c.
in vivo study showed that overexpression of mir-30c suppressed emt , attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced proteinuria , serum creatinine , and bun levels.
in addition , snail1 was identified as a direct target of mir-30c by ago2 co-immunoprecipitation , luciferase reporter , and western blot assays.
downregulating snail1 by sirna reduced high glucose-induced emt in hk2 cells , and mir-30c mimicked the effects.
these results suggest a protective role of mir-30c against diabetic nephropathy by suppressing emt via inhibiting snail1-tgf-β1 pathway.
objectives : most people deal with intrusive life events such as cancer and the care trajectory together with their intimate partners.
to our knowledge , no research has studied the involvement of the partner in the decision-making process regarding breast reconstruction ( br ) after cancer.
we conducted semidirective interviews , and a general inductive approach was chosen to capture the representations of the couples.
the duration of their intimate relationship was on average @number@ years ( sd = @number@ minimum = @number@ maximum = @number@ ) .
the analysis revealed @number@ major themes.
the two most salient ones were ' external influence ' and ' implication of the partner'.
the exploration of the subthemes revealed that the decision-making process is often reported as an interrelated experience by the couples and as a dyadic stressor.
the partner's role is depicted as consultative and mostly supportive.
conclusion : these results provide new insights on the involvement of the partner in decision-making.
thus , it now seems crucial to develop a prospective study , which will help understand the progression of the decision-making process over time.
statement of contribution what is already known on this subject ?
most people deal with intrusive life events such as cancer and the care trajectory together with their intimate partners.
shared decision-making between patients and physicians is now the ' gold standard ' in western europe and the united states.
what does this study add ?
provides a qualitative insight on the specific nature of heterosexual couples ' representations regarding the decision-making process for breast reconstruction after cancer.
reveals that the decision-making process is often reported as an interrelated experience by the couples and as a dyadic stressor.
underlines the consultative function of partners with women engaged in breast reconstruction.
polysomnographic recordings of @number@ untreated patients and @number@ age-matched normal controls were analysed.
all movements were detected and classified into three categories , separated by intervals of < 10 , 10-90 or > 90 s.
the number of movements included in each category was significantly higher in patients than in controls.
the time structure features of the three categories of movements considered in this study were found to be clearly different.
the gl was defined as a vertical line drawn through the centre of vertical pressure measured by the force plate.
the mean offset of centre of the acoustic meati from the gl was @number@ cm.
the sagittal alignment changed to lordosis at the level of l2.
the hip axis ( ha ) was @number@ cm anterior to the gl.
the knee joint was @number@ cm posterior and the ankle joint was @number@ cm posterior to the gl.
the l5- and cbs-offset in subjects in their 50s and 60s were also significantly posterior to those in subjects in their 30s.
ha was never posterior to the gl.
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is associated with increased vascular calcification , although the rate of progress of calcification is uncertain.
the aim of the study was to evaluate the progression of and the predictors for calcification in different vascular beds over @number@ years.
calcification of the coronary and carotid artery and the aorta was assessed by multi-detector computed tomography.
the 10-year predicted coronary cs was based on the mathematical formula derived by the heinz nixdorf recall study.
a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ female ) had a follow-up scan after @number@ ± @number@ years.
age and systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) were independently associated with calcification progression in all vascular beds.
importantly , the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary cs was significantly higher than that predicted.
in patients with ra , calcification in all vascular beds significantly increased over @number@ years and was independently associated with age and sbp.
importantly , the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary cs progression was significantly higher than that predicted.
stem cells have recently been shown to play important roles in wound healing.
the aim of this study was to investigate the role of dermal cd271 + cells in wound healing.
delayed wound healing was observed in 24-week-old mice.
this study also investigated dermal cd271 + cells in patients with chronic skin ulcers.
dermal cd271 + cells in patients were significantly reduced compared with in healthy controls.
thus , dermal cd271 + cells are closely associated with wound healing.
aging is associated with systemic inflammation and cellular apoptosis accelerating physiological dysfunctions.
whether physically active way of life affects these associations is unclear.
methods : this prospective , cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with ee by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between @date@ and @date@ at @number@ japanese hospitals.
logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios ( aor ) and 95%ci for the association with complicated ee.
of them , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ee complications.
conclusion : aging and severe ee were common associated factors , although there were more associated factors in esophageal strictures than esophageal ulcer bleeding.
this study was conducted among all subjects ( n = 160 ) aged @number@ years and older who lived in two nursing homes of japan.
seventy five residents ( @percent@ ) were identified as affected by coexisting severe frailty and malnutrition.
after a 12-month follow-up period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) residents died.
obesity and its related metabolic disorders are closely correlated with gut dysbiosis.
montmorillonite is a common medicine used to treat diarrhea.
we have previously found that dietary lipid adsorbent-montmorillonite ( dla-m ) has an unexpected role in preventing obesity.
the aim of this study was to further investigate whether dla-m regulates intestinal absorption and gut microbiota to prevent obesity-related metabolic disorders.
here , we show that dla-m absorbs free fatty acids ( ffa ) and endotoxins in vitro and in vivo.
the chh disease phenotype has some overlap with dyskeratosis congenita , a well-known \ "telomere disorder. \ "
objective : we sought to determine whether a telomere phenotype is present in immune cells from patients with chh and explore mechanisms underlying these observations.
results : lymphocyte cultures from patients with chh display growth defects in vitro , which is consistent with an immune deficiency cellular phenotype.
here we show that telomere length and telomerase activity are impaired in primary lymphocyte subsets from patients with chh.
notably , telomerase activity is affected in a gene dose-dependent manner when comparing heterozygote rmrp carriers with patients with chh.
telomerase deficiency in patients with chh is not mediated by abnormal telomerase gene transcript levels relative to those of endogenous genes.
conclusion : these findings suggest that telomere deficiency is implicated in the chh disease phenotype through an as yet unidentified mechanism.
sorting out the indications and timing for @number@ pneumococcal serotypes and @number@ pneumococcal serotypes administration is complex and presents a significant challenge to healthcare providers.
design : cross-sectional data from the sixth wave of the chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey ( clhls ) conducted in @number@
setting : community-based setting in longevity areas in china.
participants : a total of @number@ chinese elderly aged @number@ years and older were included in the sample.
cognitive function was assessed via a validated mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
in the logistic models , u-shaped associations remained for sbp , dbp , and map but not pp.
conclusion : a u-shaped association between blood pressure and cognitive function in an elderly chinese population was found.
recognition of these instances is important in identifying the high-risk population for cognitive impairment and to individualize blood pressure management for cognitive impairment prevention.
institutionalization is generally a consequence of functional decline driven by physical limitations , cognitive impairments , and / or loss of social supports.
at this stage , intervention to reverse functional losses is often too late.
to be more effective , geriatric medicine must evolve to intervene at an earlier stage of the disability process.
the present article reports the main results of the task force discussions to generate a new paradigm.
mutations resulting in haploinsufficiency of progranulin ( pgrn ) cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tdp-43-positive inclusions ( ftld-tdp ) , a devastating neurodegenerative disease.
accumulating evidence suggest a crucial role of progranulin in maintaining proper lysosomal function during aging.
increased levels of tmem106b alter lysosomal morphology and interfere with lysosomal degradation.
however , how progranulin and tmem106b interact to regulate lysosomal function and frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) disease progression is still unclear.
here we report that progranulin deficiency leads to increased tmem106b protein levels in the mouse cortex with aging.
using this system , we show that expression of nanog fortified the actin cytoskeleton and restored contractile function that was impaired in senescent mscs.
nanog increased the expression of smooth muscle α-actin ( acta2 ) as well as the contractile force generated by cells in three-dimensional microtissues.
interestingly , nanog worked together with transforming growth factor-beta1 to further enhance the contractility of senescent microtissues.
the effect of nanog on contractile function was sustained for about @number@ days after termination of its expression.
our results show that nanog could reverse the effects of stem cell senescence and restore the myogenic differentiation potential of senescent mscs.
these findings may enable development of novel strategies to restore the function of senescent cardiovascular and other smc-containing tissues.
background : the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) is associated with cognitive impairment , and loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in old age.
older black adults with hiv may be at particular risk of loneliness due to stigma and lack of social resources.
additional work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction.
telomere length has garnered interest due to the potential role it may play as a biomarker for the cellular aging process.
telomere measurements obtained from blood-derived dna are often used in epidemiological studies.
however , the invasive nature of blood draws severely limits sample collection , particularly with children.
buccal cells are commonly sampled for dna isolation and thus may present a non-invasive alternative for telomere measurement.
buccal and leukocyte derived dna obtained from samples collected at the same time period were analyzed for telomere repeat mass ( trm ) .
trm was measured in buccal-derived dna samples from individuals for whom previous trm data from blood samples existed.
trm measurement was performed by qpcr and was normalized to the single copy 36b4 gene relative to a reference dna sample ( k562 ) .
correlations between trm from blood and buccal dna were obtained and also between the same blood dna samples measured in separate laboratories.
using the classical twin design , trm heritability was estimated ( n = @number@ mz = @number@ dz = @number@ ) .
sex and age effects were observed within the buccal samples as is the norm within blood-derived dna.
the buccal , blood-1 , and blood-2 measurements generated heritability estimates of @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
stably expressed genes ( segs ) whose expression varies within a narrow range may be involved in core cellular processes necessary for basic functions.
a-type lamins , the intermediate filament proteins participating in nuclear structure and function , are encoded by lmna.
lmna mutations can lead to laminopathies such as lipodystrophies , premature aging syndromes ( progeria ) and muscular dystrophies.
in culture , the patient's skin fibroblasts entered prematurely into senescence , and some nuclei showed a lamina honeycomb pattern.
the mutant la triggered a frequent and severe nuclear dysmorphy that occurred independently of prelamin a processing , as well as increased histone h3k9 acetylation.
nuclear dysmorphy was not significantly improved when transfected cells were treated with drugs disrupting microtubules or actin filaments or modifying the global histone acetylation pattern.
the sample in this study was @number@ residents who were older than @number@ years and who resided in gangwon province , south korea.
objective : to investigate the correlation between patient-dependent variables and dimensional variations of the maxillary sinus.
recorded patient-dependent variables were age , gender , and edentulism status.
results : total maxillary sinus volume was significantly smaller in completely and partially edentulous patients than in dentate subjects.
this finding was influenced by age , as older patients exhibited less volume , regardless of gender and edentulism status.
age showed an indirect correlation with the distance to the meatus , the sinus volume , and the mediolateral dimensions.
additionally , the prevalence of accessory meatus in this population was @percent@.
conclusions : the dimensions of the maxillary sinus are influenced by age and edentulism status being reduced by aging and tooth loss.
background : the relationship between aging in the vestibular system and aging in the cochlea is a topic of ongoing investigation.
methods : vestibular ganglion cells , spiral ganglion cells , and cochlear hair cells were counted in specimens from individuals with presbycusis and normal hearing.
these were taken from within a large collection of processed human temporal bones.
correlations between histopathology and hearing phenotype were investigated.
superior vestibular ganglion cells were more negatively correlated with age than inferior ganglion cells.
no difference in vestibular ganglion cells was noted based on sex.
however , these correlations do not appear to be unique in individuals with presbycusis as compared with those with normal hearing.
despite recent developments and new treatments in ophthalmology there is nothing available to cure retinal degenerations like retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) yet.
basically , this subretinal active implant transforms the incoming light into electric pulses to stimulate the remaining cells of the retina.
the functional time of such devices is a crucial aspect.
in this paper the laboratory and clinical reliability of the two active subretinal implants alpha ims and alpha ams is presented.
the dna damage response ( ddr ) arrests cell cycle progression until dna lesions , like dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) , are repaired.
such detection may be biased , as some factors and their modifications may not reflect physical dna damage.
the dependency on ddr markers of dsb detection tools has left questions unanswered.
others have proposed that these peculiar ddr foci might not be sites of damaged dna per se but instead stable chromatin modifications , termed dna-scars.
detection is enhanced by pla with a partner ddr marker at the dsb.
we validated di-pla by demonstrating its ability to detect dsbs induced by various genotoxic insults in cultured cells and tissues.
cellular senescence is a state of stable proliferation arrest of cells.
this suggests the hypothesis that senescence of cells within joint tissues may play a pathological role in the causation of oa.
in analyses of aki and related outcomes , results were mostly consistent between the previously published and the mdcr replication analyses.
patient and hospital demographics were also analyzed.
results : a national estimate of @number@ phf discharges was identified over the time period.
the rsa regression model showed that by the year @number@ phf treated with rsa will increase @percent@ from @number@
conclusion : overall , there was a growth in proximal humerus fractures treated in an inpatient setting in the united states.
rsa had the greatest proportional increase over time , but only accounted for less than @percent@ of total interventions.
the other aim was to explore the correlation between post-cas hypotension within @number@ h and long-term bp reductions after cas.
materials and methods : patients with severe carotid stenosis were recruited either in the cas group or in the medication group.
bps and the number of classes of antihypertensive agents were recorded at baseline , @number@ and @number@ months.
extra bp information was collected at @number@ h , @number@ days , and @number@ month after cas.
results : in total , @number@ members in the cas group and @number@ members in the medication group were recruited.
furthermore , sbp reductions @number@ h post-cas may predict the sbp reductions @number@ year post-cas.
both groups were followed up for @number@ years after falls.
fall prevention programs should be adjusted for difference in place of residence.
chinese prescription kangen-karyu , comprised of six crude drugs , has received much attention due to its numerous biological activities.
the present study reports therapeutic evidence for kangen-karyu from pre-clinical animal experiments related to human diseases.
kangen-karyu showed beneficial effects on type @number@ diabetes and related complications through the suppression of protein expression related to advanced glycation endproducts and oxidative stress.
in addition , kangen-karyu showed neuroprotective effects by attenuating the spatial memory impairment and neuronal death induced by diabetes.
kangen-karyu counteracted oxidative stress and ameliorated tissue damage possibly associated with aging.
these findings provide scientific evidence to explain the efficacy of kangen-karyu based on its underlying therapeutic effects.
bone destruction occurs in aging and numerous diseases , including osteoporosis and cancer.
genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of ron kinase blocked cancer-mediated bone destruction and osteoporosis in several mouse models.
this study investigates to what extent phvs are provided to patients with characteristics of frailty.
the association between @number@ different frailty characteristics and the receipt of a phv was assessed through logistic regression.
a phv was closely associated with the patient's number of frailty characteristics.
phvs are also more often provided to patients listed with a gp who has an overall high tendency to conduct these visits.
objective : aortic stiffness is an important predictor of future morbidity and mortality.
diabetes is associated with increased aortic stiffness , but the importance of nondiabetic glucometabolic status for accelerated aortic stiffening is unclear.
design : qualitative content analysis was conducted on patients ' written responses to the question of what they thought had caused their pmr.
all data were coded and emergent categories of causal beliefs identified.
setting : community patients receiving primary care at general practitioner ( gp ) practices across england.
participants : participants were recruited from a primary care pmr inception cohort ( n = 654 ) .
between @date@ and @date@ gps referred @number@ people with a new pmr diagnosis in the past @number@ years into the study.
patients were mailed a baseline self-completion questionnaire , which included the question , ' what do you think caused your pmr ? '.
responses to this question form the data set for the present study.
results : @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients gave a possible cause for their pmr , while @number@ ( @percent@ ) respondents wrote ' no idea'.
common attributions include ageing ( @number@ @percent@ ) , medication ( @number@ @percent@ ) and personal stress ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
@number@ respondents ( @percent@ ) thought their pmr was as a result of another medical condition.
understanding these patient beliefs may impact on treatment adherence and patient outcome.
the pathophysiology of eed remains poorly understood.
methods : we measured serum metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in @number@ children , aged 12-59months , from rural malawi.
gut permeability was assessed by the dual-sugar absorption test.
findings : @percent@ of children had eed.
the small sample sizes of some previous eqtl studies have limited their statistical power.
of previously published significant gwas snps , @percent@ are identified to be significant eqtls in our study.
some trans-eqtls point toward novel mechanistic explanations for the association of the snp with the gwas-related phenotype.
we also identify @number@ distinct blocks or clusters of trans-eqtls , each targeting the expression of sets of six to @number@ distinct trans-egenes.
ten of these sets of target genes are significantly enriched for microrna targets ( fdr < @percent@ ) .
many of these clusters are associated in gwas with multiple phenotypes.
conclusions : these findings provide insights into the molecular regulatory patterns involved in human physiology and pathophysiology.
background : occupations , including physical activity , are a strong determinant of health.
however , mobility limitations can restrict opportunities to perform these occupations , which may affect quality of life.
some people will turn to adapted sports to meet their need to be involved in occupations.
little is known , however , about how participation in adapted sports affects the quality of life of people with mobility limitations.
this study thus aimed to explore the influence of adapted sports on quality of life in adult wheelchair users.
methods : a mixed-method sequential explanatory design was used , including a quantitative and a qualitative component with a clinical research design.
their scores were compared to those obtained by people of similar age without limitations ( general population ) .
ten of the wheelchair users also participated in individual semi-structured interviews exploring their perceptions regarding how sports-related experiences affected their quality of life.
some contextual factors , such as resources and the accessibility of organizations and training facilities , are important and contributed indirectly to quality of life.
negative aspects , such as performance-related stress and injury , also have an effect.
conclusions : people with mobility limitations playing adapted sports and people without limitations have a similar quality of life.
however , participants stated that this involvement , especially at higher levels , had a negative impact on their social life.
methods : we searched ovid medline , embase , cochrane library , web of science , cinahl , psycinfo , and sociological abstracts.
specifically excluded were studies of psychotropic medications such as antidepressants , benzodiazepines , anxiolytics , hypnotics , mood stabilizers , and stimulants.
all study designs were considered , though reviews , editorials , letters to the editor and opinion pieces were excluded.
an expert consultant panel was consulted to categorize facility characteristics into domains and determine possible etiologies of apm use based upon each characteristic.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generated during ultraviolet ( uv ) light exposure can induce skin damage and aging.
antioxidants can provide protection against oxidative injury to skin via \ "quenching \ " ros.
pistachio antioxidants preserved overall skin thickness and organization , as well as fibroblast morphology , in hse exposed to uva irradiation.
however , this protection was not substantiated by the analysis of the proliferation of keratinocytes and apoptosis of fibroblasts.
additional studies are warranted to elucidate the basis of these discordant results and extend research into the potential role of pistachio bioactives promoting skin health.
background : older hip fracture patients have a high probability of falling again after a fall incident.
risk factors for postoperative falls among older hip fracture patients in taiwan remain to be confirmed.
design : secondary analysis.
methods : data collected from control groups of two clinical trials conducted during 2001-2004 and during 2005-2009 were selected.
overall , @number@ older adults who underwent hip fracture surgery were assessed at predischarge and postdischarge.
participant data were collected through home visits.
advanced age and more severe depressive symptoms were the crucial predictor for multiple falls.
engagement in activities of daily living was the crucial predictor for falls during the first to second postoperative years among older hip fracture patients.
early postoperative lower extremity muscular endurance rehabilitation must be provided.
whether the inhibition of this pathway is truly responsible for the anti-diabetic and cancer effects of the drug in mammals remains to be established.
we found no immediate telomere shortening in adolescents with as.
longitudinal observations are required to determine if tl is affected by as.
in healthy organisms the metabolism of the trace element zinc is well balanced.
if this balance becomes destroyed the free zinc level might increase and cause toxic effects.
the present study demonstrates that under definite conditions zinc ions are able to inhibit the atpase activity of neuron-specific kif5a ( kinesin-1 ) .
correspondingly , the motility activity of kif5a also decreased.
the inhibition rates have been found to depend on the magnesium ion concentration.
lowering the magnesium concentration weakens the inhibition.
in addition , also decreases of temperature or increasing the atp concentration result in reduced inhibition.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are cellular , short , non-coding ribonucleotides acting as endogenous posttranscriptional repressors following incorporation in the rna-induced silencing complex.
here , the aim was to review the knowledge of mirna expression and action in the islet of langerhans.
it is clear that mirnas regulate pancreatic islet development , maturation , and function in vivo.
moreover , processing of mirnas appears to be altered by obesity , diabetes , and aging.
studies of human type @number@ diabetic islets underline that these mirna families could have important roles also in human type @number@ diabetes.
furthermore , there is a genuine gap of knowledge regarding mirna expression and function in pancreatic alpha cells.
progress in this area would be enhanced by improved in vitro alpha cell models and better tools for islet cell sorting.
background : degenerative arthritis is a common and serious chronic illness that impacts the quality of life of older adults.
therefore , hip replacement surgery should be considered and effective nursing care should be provided to improve the recovery of older adults.
design : a prospective randomized control trial.
methods : a trial was conducted from @date@ - @date@ in two hospitals in northern taiwan.
@number@ participants were random assigned to either the education empowerment group or in the comparison group.
the researchers collected baseline data at admission and outcomes on the day of discharge , one month after and three months after the discharge.
participants in both groups significantly improved on activities of daily life , mobility and quality of life over the course of the interventions.
conclusion : this education empowerment intervention was very effective in enhancing participants ' outcomes.
moreover , involving both older adults and their caregivers for the participation this program is recommended for a greater impact.
in the united states ( us ) , cardiovascular ( cv ) disease accounts for nearly @percent@ of national health care expenses.
hypertension is a major risk factor for cv disease and mortality.
we conducted a comprehensive search using pubmed and google scholar to identify us-based studies published prior to @date@ , @number@
we identified eight publications for cv disease risk , which provided @number@ female and @number@ male effect size ( es ) observations.
we also identified twelve publications for cv mortality , which provided @number@ female and @number@ male es estimates.
heterogeneity was moderate but significant.
there was no significant sex difference in cv mortality.
methods : a prospective study was carried out on @number@ patients.
all patients were operated on by the senior surgeon ( m.p.c. ) .
patient questionnaires were used to assess their levels of satisfaction.
results : patient satisfaction was extremely high following both techniques.
prolonged edema was the main complication and was considerably more frequent in the patients undergoing complete neck undermining.
conclusions : the 1-year patient satisfaction ratings were higher for those treated with the lateral skin-platysma displacement technique.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
none : the study of the health status in long-living individuals ( llis ) may help identifying health-span and life-span determinants.
thus , we tested the association of controls : only background : clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients.
recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy.
actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against c. difficile toxins a and b , respectively.
the primary end point was recurrent infection ( new episode after initial clinical cure ) within @number@ weeks after infusion in the modified intention-to-treat population.
the rates of adverse events were similar among these groups ; the most common events were diarrhea and nausea.
the addition of actoxumab did not improve efficacy.
( funded by merck ; modify i and modify ii clinicaltrials.gov numbers , nct01241552 and nct01513239 . ) .
this study is a case series conducted between @date@ and @date@ with the use of semi-cross-linked ha to correct tear trough deformity.
the filler was administered in the preperiosteal tissues.
the study involved case note review and a patient satisfaction survey.
a total of @number@ eyes of @number@ patients were treated by @number@ physicians , with a mean follow-up of @number@ weeks.
patients were mainly female ( @percent@ ) , and middle-aged ( mean age @number@ years old ) .
the injection procedure was performed without local anesthetic for @percent@ of the patients.
no serious adverse event was recorded.
very few transitional blue discolorations ( @percent@ ) were observed.
no patient required dissolution with hyaluronidase.
according to our satisfaction survey , all patients had cosmetic improvement.
most patients ( @percent@ ) described marked or moderate satisfaction with the treatment.
at one month , @percent@ requested additional hyaluronic acid gel for a touch-up injection.
this case series confirms the effective use of a semi-cross-linked ha gel in tear trough rejuvenation.
it has excellent patient tolerability , minimal complications , and excellent patient satisfaction.
objective : hospitalization is a major risk for older adults ; therefore , it is crucial to provide the appropriate treatment during hospitalization.
this study examined hospitalized older adults ' perceptions regarding three groups of treatment providers : nursing staff , family members , migrant home care workers.
method : qualitative interviews were conducted with @number@ hospitalized older adults.
data were gathered by in-depth interviews.
content analysis included open coding , axial coding and integration of the main findings using constant comparisons.
results : three themes emerged : ( @number@ ) ' what is my worth ? '
this theme was focused on the participants ' perceptions of themselves as helpless and dependent on others.
( @number@ ) ' what would i do without them ? '
this theme referred to the perception of the migrant home care workers and nursing staff as essential.
it meant immense gratitude , but also a sense of dependency on paid caregivers.
( @number@ ) ' they have their own busy life. '
this theme concerned participants ' low treatment expectations from their family members due to their perception of their family members as having multiple obligations.
conclusion : hospitalized older adults prefer to turn to paid caregivers rather than to their families.
this condition is commonly associated with ptt dysfunction or rupture , which can have an arthritic or a traumatic etiology.
materials and methods : in this review , we analyzed anatomy , pathophysiology and existing classifications of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
results : anatomical features , and in particular vascularization , expose ptt to major degenerative disorders until rupture.
conclusions : ptt low blood supply causes a dysfunction resulting in an abnormal loading of the foot's medial structures.
this may be the reason why ptt dysfunction leads to an acquired flatfoot deformity.
conversely , flatfoot deformity may be a predisposing factor for the onset of ptt dysfunction.
doctors are neither more nor less susceptible than the general population to the effects of ageing.
the relevance of deterioration with age depends on the nature of the work undertaken.
reduced muscle strength and visual and auditory deterioration can compromise clinical ability.
accumulation of chronic disease further reduces capacity.
cognitive decline is of particular importance , as good medical care requires considerable cognitive function.
patient safety is paramount , yet older doctors are an important part of the medical workforce and their value should be recognised.
changes in patient case mix , work place support systems and individual adjustments can assist safe practice.
deterioration in health should be acknowledged and requires proactive management.
current methods of ensuring competence are inadequate for supporting ageing doctors.
a new initiative is recommended comprising collaboration between regulators , colleges and employing institutions to support the ageing doctor in providing safe and effective practice.
however , except insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors , the functions of membrane receptors in animal lifespan modulation have not been well appreciated.
introduction : management of patients with poor bone stock remains difficult due to the risks of mechanical complications such as screws pullouts.
the aim of this study was to report our experience with cemented percutaneous screws in the management of patients with a poor bone stock.
methods : thirty-five patients were included in this retrospective study.
in each case , a percutaneous osteosynthesis using cemented screws was performed.
indications were osteoporotic fractures , metastasis or fractures on ankylosing spine.
evaluation of patients was based on pre and postoperative ct-scans associated with clinical follow-up with a minimum of @number@ months.
results : eleven men and @number@ women with a mean age of @number@ years [ 60-87 ] were included in the study.
most of the fractures were located between t10 and l2 and a long construct was performed in @number@ cases.
percutaneous kyphoplasty was added in @number@ cases and a complementary anterior approach in @number@ cases.
average operative time was 86minutes [ 61-110 ] and blood loss was estimated as minor in all the cases.
in the entire series , average volume of cement injected was @number@ cc / screw.
one patient underwent a major complication with a vascular leakage responsible for a cement pulmonary embolism.
with a @number@ months average follow-up [ 6-20 ] , no cases of infection or mechanical complication was reported.
conclusion : minimal invasive spinal techniques are greatly adapted to the management of fragile patients.
the use of percutaneous cemented screws is , in our experience , a valuable alternative for spinal fixation in patients with poor bone stock.
this technique allows a good bony fixation with a low rate of complications.
however , rigorous preoperative planning is necessary in order to avoid complications.
increasing evidence shows physical activity to be associated with improved colorectal cancer ( crc ) prognosis.
cancer recurrence , vital status and cause of death were documented over a median follow-up time of @number@ years.
associations between lifetime and latest prediagnostic leisure time physical activity and overall , crc-specific , recurrence-free and disease-free survival were evaluated with cox regression.
the relationship is likely confounded by smoking , complicating the interpretation of previous studies.
analyses by histologic sub-type were included.
associations by type of alcohol consumed ( wine , beer and liquor ) were also investigated.
inverse associations were found for consumption of wine and liquor , but not beer.
confounding in relation to the non-drinker reference category may be of particular importance.
subsequent dramatic headlines and media stories have called into question the integrity of researchers and clinicians and undermined public faith in medical research.
background : data on the prevalence of fecal incontinence in elderly patients admitted to outpatient clinics in turkey are scarce.
aims : the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of fecal incontinence and the associated risk factors in the elderly outpatients.
methods : patients @number@ years and older admitted to a geriatrics outpatient clinic between @date@ and @date@ were included.
fi assessment was based on the fecal incontinence severity index ( fisi ) .
the prevalence of fi was @percent@ ( @percent@ female , @percent@ male ) .
ui was @percent@.
co-occurrence of fi and ui was @percent@.
according to the fisi , the most frequent type of defecation was liquid stool ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : in both genders , urinary incontinence and polypharmacy seem to be the most important risk factors for fecal incontinence.
fecal incontinence should be questioned in detail and evaluated using fisi in elderly outpatients.
sufficient cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) and venous drainage are critical for normal brain function , and their alterations can affect brain aging.
however , to date , most studies focused on arterial cbf ( inflow ) with little attention paid to the age differences in venous outflow.
lower age-related cbf rate was unrelated to brain volume and was observed only in val homozygotes of comtval158met.
background : in hospitalised older adults , cognitive impairments are common and may be associated with functional outcomes.
our aim was to systematically review this association.
method : we systematically searched medline , cinahl , amed and psycinfo from inception to @date@ .
non-english language studies were filtered out at search stage.
all types of studies were considered for inclusion except reviews , conference abstracts , dissertations and case studies.
setting : acute hospital ( excluding critical care and subacute or intermediate care ) .
outcome of interest : change in a measure of physical function or disability between pre-admission or admission , and discharge or post-discharge.
this review was registered on prospero ( crd42016035978 ) .
results : the search returned @number@ unique articles , of which @number@ met inclusion criteria.
twenty-six studies ( @number@ participants ) were suitable for the quantitative synthesis.
conclusion : cognitive impairments seem associated with functional decline in hospitalised older people.
causality cannot be inferred , and limitations include low quality of studies and possible confounding.
this article reviews the basic recording methods , scoring rules , and computer-based programs for plms.
methods : routine clinical and demographic data were extracted from a live dental patient management system in a state-funded facility using novel methods.
additionally , multilevel modelling was used to establish the isolated influence of area of residence on treatments.
results : data on @number@ dental patients extracted comprised of @number@ treatment procedures delivered across @number@ courses of care.
implications of this research include the importance of making provision for our aging population and ensuring that preventative care is available to all.
background : hypertension is related with cognitive decline in the elderly.
the frontal-parietal executive system plays an important role in cognitive aging and is also vulnerable to damage in elderly patients with hypertension.
methods : we address this issue by comparing hypertension and control-performers in a functional mri study.
twenty-eight hypertensive patients and @number@ elderly controls were tested with n-back task with two load levels.
results : the hypertensive patients exhibited worse executive and memory abilities than control subjects.
thus , more regions of diminished activation were observed in the frontal and parietal regions with increasing task difficulty.
more importantly , we found that lower activation in changed frontal and parietal regions was associated with worse cognitive function in high loads.
conclusion : the results demonstrate the relationship between cognitive function and frontoparietal functional activation in hypertension and their relevance to cognitive aging risk.
our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cognitive decline in hypertension and highlight the importance of brain protection in hypertension.
genome instability has long been implicated as a salient causal factor in aging and age-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
however , the molecular mechanisms associated with genome instability remain unclear.
clinical studies suggest that the increase in expression of mtbp leads to reduction in survival of breast cancer patients.
the cell cycle and chronological aging networks of proteins in budding yeast were reconstructed.
furthermore , through meta-analysis of cell cycle and chronological aging-associated transcriptome datasets , we constructed coexpression networks and identified coexpressed gene clusters.
loss of cardiac macroautophagy / autophagy impairs heart function , and evidence accumulates that an increased autophagic flux may protect against cardiovascular disease.
dietary spermidine elicits cardioprotective effects in aged mice through enhancing cardiac autophagy and mitophagy.
in salt-sensitive rats , spermidine supplementation also delays the development of hypertensive heart disease , coinciding with reduced arterial blood pressure.
the high blood pressure-lowering effect likely results from improved global arginine bioavailability and protection from hypertension-associated renal damage.
the polyamine spermidine is naturally present in human diets , though to a varying amount depending on food type and preparation.
in humans , high dietary spermidine intake correlates with reduced blood pressure and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and related death.
altogether , spermidine represents a cardio- and vascular-protective autophagy inducer that can be readily integrated in common diets.
wrnip1 interacts with wrn helicase , which is defective in the premature aging disease werner syndrome.
wrnip1 belongs to the aaa + atpase family and is conserved from escherichia coli to human.
the protein contains an ubiquitin-binding zinc finger ( ubz ) domain at the n terminus and an atpase domain in the middle region.
mgs1 , the yeast homolog of wrnip1 , may act downstream of ubiquitylation of pcna to mobilize dna polymerase δ.
here , we first describe the functions of mgs1 in dna transaction.
we then describe various features of wrnip1 and discuss its possible roles based on recent studies of the function of wrnip1.
mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress responses , and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to carcinogenesis , aging , and neurologic disease.
in contrast , long-term fr had no effect on the mitochondrial activity in nscs.
this cell type showed efficient dna repair , no mitochondrial damage , and resistance to long-term fr.
consequently , cellular senescence was induced by high doses of sr in differentiated cells.
the global burden of cancer continues to increase largely with the aging and growth of the world population.
the purpose of the present work was to find new anticancer molecules from a natural source.
according to the committee for advanced therapies , amniotic stem cells were classified as an advanced therapy medicinal product.
the placenta used in the study was sourced during a cesarean section.
the remnants of the amnion preparation were placed in a sterile container and transferred to a class b environment , where the primary cultures began.
the highest average number of cells was obtained by tissue homogenization and culture growth on the amniogrow medium.
the isolation of the pure monoculture should be performed using the antibodies against cd105.
significant differences were found in the number and viability of cells that were transferred as a full sheet , depending on the transfer method.
to sum up , amniotic cells are a promising source in the treatment of burns and can be used as a hospital exemption.
purpose : the use of radiation , especially ionizing radiation ( ir ) , is currently attracting great attention in the field of medical sciences.
however , it should be mentioned that ir has both beneficial and harmful effects in biological systems.
this review aims to focus on ir-mediated physiological events in a mechanistic way.
materials and methods : evidence from the databases , mainly from pubmed and science direct were considered.
results : ir directly and / or with their lyses products ( indirect ) causes oxidative stresses to biological systems.
these activities may be localized and systematic.
otherwise , ir-induced non- / multi-targeted effects are also evident.
ir in diagnosis and cancer radiotherapy is well-known.
these may allow cellular ruin even at low ir levels.
conclusion : dependent on the dose , duration of action and quality , ir plays diverse roles in biological systems.
healthy brain development involves changes in brain structure and function that are believed to support cognitive maturation.
however , understanding how structural changes such as grey matter thinning relate to functional changes is challenging.
we found that decompositions of cbf , gmv and falff all included components for which scores were significantly associated with age.
gmv , cbf and falff additionally showed components accounting for 3-5% of variability with significant age associations.
however , these patterns were relatively spatially independent , with small-to-moderate overlap between modalities.
these spatially independent effects of age suggest that the parallel decline observed in global gmv and cbf may not reflect spatially synchronized processes.
hum brain mapp 38 : 2398-2407 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
metformin has been widely used for over @number@ decades.
new preparations have been developed for possible enhancement of efficiency , tolerability , and pleiotropic nonglycemic effects.
extended-release metformin has contributed to adherence and improved gastrointestinal tolerability.
metformin is also known to have numerous nonglycemic effects.
results of the uk prospective diabetes study indicate improvements in cardiovascular outcome and reduced total mortality independent of glycemic control.
anticancer effects of metformin have been discussed and many clinical trials are on-going.
metformin is noted for its beneficial effects on lifespan extension and on disorders due to increased insulin resistance.
further investigations , including randomized control trials in nondiabetic individuals , are required to demonstrate the nonglycemic effects of metformin.
recent findings : ev research is a new and quickly developing field.
aneurysms are characterized by structural deterioration of the vascular wall leading to progressive dilatation and , potentially , rupture of the aorta.
while aortic aneurysms often remain clinically silent , the morbidity and mortality associated with aneurysm expansion and rupture are considerable.
this review will examine the relationship between heritable genetic and epigenetic influences on thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and rupture.
background : histological evidence suggests that pathology in parkinson's disease ( pd ) goes beyond nigrostriatal degeneration and also affects the cerebral cortex.
quantitative mri ( qmri ) techniques allow the assessment of changes in brain tissue composition.
however , the development and pattern of disease-related cortical changes have not yet been demonstrated in pd with qmri methods.
the aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal cortical microstructural changes in pd with quantitative t1 relaxometry.
data from two healthy subjects had to be excluded due to mri artifacts.
surface-based analysis of cortical t1 values was performed with the freesurfer toolbox.
therefore , cortical t1 might be a promising additional imaging marker for future longitudinal pd studies.
the biological mechanisms underlying cortical t1 reductions remain to be further elucidated.
neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations , but also their life spans.
all forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the elderly.
oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are highlighted as a central feature of brain degenerative diseases.
in traditional medicine , a large number of medicinal plants have been used to treat the symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases.
extensive studies scientifically validated the beneficial effect of natural products against neurodegenerative diseases using suitable animal models.
while there is much extant literature on its quantification and correlation to comorbidities , a quantitative gold standard for analyses in this regard remains undefined.
herein , we hypothesize that rigorously quantifying entire radiodensitometric distributions elicits more muscle quality information than average values reported in extant methods.
the method was then employed with a tha cohort to assess pre- and postsurgical differences in their healthy and operative legs.
results from the initial representative models elicited high degrees of correlation to hu distributions , and regression parameters highlighted physiologically evident differences between subjects.
furthermore , results from the tha cohort echoed physiological justification and indicated significant improvements in muscle quality in both legs following surgery.
altogether , these results highlight the utility of novel parameters from entire hu distributions that could provide insight into the optimal quantification of muscle degeneration.
patients and methods : \ "hidden elderly \ " is a term used to describe older adults who are socially isolated and refuse social participation.
this pilot randomized controlled trial recruited @number@ older adults aged @number@ or above who did not engage in any social activity.
they were randomized into tai chi qigong ( n = 24 ) and standard care control ( n = 24 ) groups.
the former group underwent a three-month program of two 60-minute sessions each week , with the socially active volunteers paired up with them during practice.
standard care included regular home visits by social workers.
primary outcomes were assessed by means of the lubben social network and de jong gieveld loneliness scales , and by a revised social support questionnaire.
data was collected at baseline , and at three and six months thereafter.
results : the generalized estimating equations model revealed general improvement in outcomes among participants on the tai chi qigong program.
its potential benefits in improving social and psychological health suggest the need for a full-scale randomized controlled trial to reveal its empirical effects.
however , the scientific literature shows mainly the theoretical information about their mutual connections.
bioelectrical activity of pfm was recorded using a surface electromyographic instrument in the supine position.
results of the values obtained in a , b , and c positions were compared using a one-way analysis of variance.
therefore , the supine position can be recommended for the diagnosis and therapy of weakened pfm.
background : potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) should be avoided by the aged population.
the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pims among lebanese aged outpatients using beers criteria of @number@
methods : this cross-sectional observational study was conducted among aged outpatients of different accredited community pharmacies across lebanon.
data were collected through a validated questionnaire.
the beers criteria of @number@ were used to evaluate pims.
the association between pims used and independent variables were analyzed by logistic regression.
the differences between pims use according to beers criteria @number@ and @number@ were calculated using chi-squared and mcnemar's tests.
results : a total of @number@ outpatients were analyzed.
we identified @number@ ( @percent@ ) out of @number@ patients taking pims.
the leading classes of medications identified to cause pims were those acting on the central nervous system ( @percent@ ) .
the factors associated with pims use were age , osteoporosis , alzheimer / dementia , diabetes , and alcohol consumption.
education of health care providers and medication review should be considered to improve medication safety of older adults.
purpose : the aim is to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of chinese herbal formula erxian decoction ( exd ) for treating osteoporosis.
materials and methods : six databases were searched from inception through @date@ , without language restriction.
all randomized controlled trials of exd for osteoporosis were included.
study selection , data extraction , quality assessment , and data analyses were conducted according to cochrane standards.
results : eight trials including @number@ patients investigated the effects of exd in the treatment of osteoporosis.
the methodological quality of the included trials was generally low.
however , the evidence remains weak.
more rigorously designed and measured , randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled trials with larger sample size are needed to verify the current conclusions.
etheno ( ε ) dna base adducts are highly mutagenic lesions produced endogenously via reactions with lipid peroxidation ( lpo ) products.
cancer-promoting conditions , such as inflammation , can induce persistent oxidative stress and increased lpo , resulting in the accumulation of ε-adducts in different tissues.
notably , this blockage is exacerbated in cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum patient-derived lymphoblastoid and fibroblast cells.
parallel rna-seq expression analysis of the plasmid reporter identifies novel transcriptional mutagenesis properties of εc.
objective : to examine the accuracy of individual fried frailty phenotype measures in identifying the fried frailty phenotype in primary care.
design : retrospective chart review.
setting : a community-based primary care practice in kitchener , ont.
participants : a total of @number@ patients @number@ years of age and older who underwent frailty screening.
sensitivity , specificity , accuracy , and precision were calculated for single-trait and dual-trait markers.
results : complete frailty screening data were available for @number@ patients.
the overall prevalence of frailty based on the presence of @number@ or more frailty criteria was @percent@.
the overall prevalence of individual fried frailty phenotype markers ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
the positive predictive value of the single-item criteria in predicting the fried frailty phenotype ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
when gait speed and hand-grip strength were combined as a dual measure , the positive predictive value increased to @percent@.
conclusion : there is a need for frailty measures that are psychometrically sound and feasible to administer in primary care.
assessing both measures is feasible within primary care.
design : qualitative , multiple-case study design using semistructured interviews.
participants : purposeful sampling of @number@ family physicians in solo and small and large group practices within the @number@ models of phc.
methods : a multiple-case study approach was used.
semistructured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using within- and cross-case analysis.
physicians relied on home-care case managers to help make linkages to csss.
physicians recommended the development of an easily searchable , online database containing available csss.
conclusion : this study shows the importance of interprofessional teamwork in primary care settings to facilitate linkages of older patients to csss.
the study also provides insight into the strategies physicians use to link older persons to csss and their recommendations for change.
this understanding can be used to develop resources and approaches to better support physicians in making appropriate linkages to csss.
design : a scoping review of the literature and qualitative research methodology ( focus groups and structured interviews ) .
setting : edmonton , alta.
participants : nine fps , who practised in various settings , who chose to attend a focus group on dmcas.
conclusion : this pilot study has helped to inform ways to better train and support fps in conducting dmcas.
family physicians are well positioned , with proper training , to effectively conduct dmcas.
to engage fps in the process , however , the barriers should be addressed.
objective : to provide primary care physicians with an approach to driving safety concerns when older persons present with memory difficulties.
main message : one of the most challenging aspects of dementia care is the assessment of driving safety.
sensitive communication and a person-centred approach are essential.
conclusion : primary care physicians must consider many factors when determining if cognitive concerns might affect driving safety in older drivers.
while gait variability may reflect subtle changes due to aging or cognitive impairment ( ci ) , associated brain characteristics remain unclear.
we summarize structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with gait variability in older adults with and without ci and dementia.
we identified @number@ eligible studies ; all were cross-sectional ; few examined multiple brain areas.
in older adults , temporal gait variability was associated with structural differences in medial areas important for lower limb coordination and balance.
in ci or dementia , some associations were found in primary motor cortex , hippocampus , prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.
in older adults , gait variability may be associated with areas important for sensorimotor integration and coordination.
to comprehend the neural basis of gait variability with aging and ci , longitudinal studies of multiple brain areas are needed.
however , it is unclear how far such associations are due to incipient neurodegenerative pathology in the samples investigated.
using a complex reaction time ( rt ) task , greater iiv and mean-rt were related to a higher wmh burden in the frontal lobe.
critically , significant associations remained having taken future dementia into account suggesting that they were not explained by incipient dementia.
additionally , independent measures of executive function accounted for the association between rt metrics and whm.
mitochondria are cytosolic organelles essential for generating energy and maintaining cell homeostasis.
despite their critical function , the handful of proteins expressed by the mitochondrial genome is insufficient to maintain mitochondrial structure or activity.
however , there is growing evidence that mammalian mitochondria can also import cytosolic noncoding rna via poorly understood processes.
[ bmb reports @number@ 50 ( @number@ ) : 164-174 ] .
background : the risk of herpes zoster ( hz ) increases with age and various studies have also demonstrated an increasing hz incidence globally.
simultaneously , the global trend of an aging population has placed a greater burden on the healthcare system.
this study aims to estimate the potential burden of hz over time accounting for the increasing trends of both hz incidence and global aging.
methods : a recent systematic review on hz incidence identified studies that evaluated the temporal effects of hz incidence.
data from the identified studies were extracted to estimate the trend of hz incidence in the ≥65-year-old age cohort.
the incidence rates were estimated up to the year @number@ using two scenarios : a linear extrapolation and a last observation carried forward.
three countries were chosen to perform the analysis on : australia , japan and the united states.
in the us alone , the estimated annual cost of hz-related cases in the ≥65 age cohort is approximately @number@ billion us $ in @number@
the mechanistic cause of this observation is not well established.
intraocular center surround contrast suppression was increased in older adults compared to younger adults ; however , interocular suppression was similar in both groups.
our results indicate that aging differentially affects distinct forms of suppression arising at various levels of the visual pathway.
older adults are known to perform more poorly on measures of the functional field of view ( ffov ) than younger adults.
specific contributions by poor bottom-up and or top-down control of visual attention to the reduced ffov of older adults were investigated.
older adults made more errors in all conditions.
the effect of age was independent of the contrast of the peripheral target or distractors.
the performance cost of including the central task was measured and found to be negligible for younger adults.
whereas sestrin ablation resulted in broad reconstitution of immune function in stressed t cells , inhibition of individual mapks allowed only partial functional recovery.
correspondingly , sestrin deficiency or simultaneous inhibition of all three mapks enhanced vaccine responsiveness in old mice.
thus , disruption of smac provides a foundation for rejuvenating immunity during aging.
although the impact of reduced rbcls on anemia is recognized , it is still a subject that is not well researched.
the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between rbcls and inflammatory biomarkers in chronic hd patients.
design , setting , participants , and measurements : rbcls was calculated from alveolar carbon monoxide concentrations measured by gas chromatography.
interleukins ( il ) il-6 , il-18 , il-10 , and high sensitivity c-reactive protein were measured using bead-based multiplex assay.
measurements were carried out at baseline and during follow-up.
the associations between rbcls and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using linear mixed effects models.
results : rbcls measurements were available for @number@ hd patients.
in @number@ patients , rbcls was measured once , while in @number@ patients , up to @number@ repeated rbcls measurements were available.
rbcls was @number@ ± @number@ days ( range @number@.7-115.8 days ) .
no association was found between rbcls and any of the inflammatory biomarkers.
conclusion : our study suggests that inflammation pathways reported by these biomarkers only have a limited role in causing premature rbc death.
the positive correlation with uric acid and bun warrants further studies.
critically ill cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury ( aki ) are associated with high mortality rates.
parameters included in this model were analysed by cox regression.
recently , robotic technology , especially socially assistive robotics has been investigated to address the physical , cognitive , and social needs of older adults.
most system to date have predominantly focused on one-on-one human robot interaction ( hri ) .
in this paper , we present a multi-user engagement-based robotic coach system architecture ( rocare ) .
the present study proposes to investigate age-related episodic memory impairment in encoding.
we collected erps in young and old participants performing a word-encoding task.
for subsequently remembered words , young adults had greater activity at the left and anterior electrode sites , whereas old adults had greater posterior activity.
performance correlated positively with central sites in young adults but with left parietal hemisphere activity in old adults.
old adults had increased activity in the right posterior parietal region for forgotten words in the gamma band.
these findings indicate that encoding impairment with age may be associated with dysfunctional gamma oscillatory activity across a widespread network of left cortical regions.
minimum-toe-clearance ( mtc ) above the walking surface is a critical representation of toe-trajectory control due to its association with tripping risk.
toe position-time coordinates were acquired using a @number@ dimensional motion capture system.
outcome measures were glasgow outcome scale extended ( gose ; disability ) , sf-12 ( hrqol ) .
mixed linear model analyses were performed.
in geriatric patients this improvement was relevant for hrqol only.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is associated with the accelerated aging of the lung.
therefore , we aimed to examine whether the clinical condition of copd patients is reflected in plasma klotho concentration.
blood samples were taken from @number@ stable copd patients.
plasma klotho concentration was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
coefficient of variation of klotho measurements was @percent@ between day @number@ and day @number@
plasma klotho concentration can be reliably measured in stable copd ; however , its levels are not correlated with clinical parameters of patients.
despite functional improvement , klotho level remains unchanged during the rehabilitation program.
however , older diabetes mellitus patients are very heterogeneous in their clinical characteristics , diabetes mellitus-related complications and age at disease onset.
this study aimed to evaluate the all-cause mortality rates and adverse health outcomes among older adults with new-onset diabetes mellitus through a nationwide population-based study.
design : a retrospective cohort study.
setting : 2001-2011 data of the national health insurance database.
population : nationally representative sample of taiwanese adults aged @number@ years and older with propensity score-matched controls.
main outcome measures : all-cause mortality and adverse health outcomes.
results : during the study period , @percent@ of patients in the diabetes mellitus cohort and @percent@ in the non-diabetes mellitus cohort died.
conclusions : new-onset diabetes in older adults is associated with an increased risk of mortality , and hypoglycemia is an important marker of this association.
background : urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition in the elderly that is the spontaneous leakage of urine.
it is an age-related problem and increases especially in people aged above @number@ years.
it can cause many psychological , behavioral , biological , economic and social effects.
the treatment of urinary incontinence can reduce morbidity and mortality.
methods : the study was on @number@ non-institutionalized malaysian elderly.
the hierarchy logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of independent variables for urinary incontinence among respondents.
results : the findings indicated that approximately @percent@ of subjects had urinary incontinence.
conclusions : constipation increased the risk of urinary incontinence in subjects , and increase in dietary monounsaturated fat and plasma triglyceride levels decreased the risk.
objective : to determine the socio-demographic and health factors associated with a biomedical phenotype of successful aging ( sa ) among mexican community-dwelling elderly.
measurements : sa was operationalized in accordance with the phenotype proposed by rowe and kahn.
univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out in order to identify the correlates of sa.
results : the phenotype of sa was present in @percent@ of participants.
the only variable positively associated with sa was good self-perceived health-status ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : although age is not modifiable , several other factors associated with sa are.
also , enhancing factors positively associated to it might play a role in improving wellbeing.
background : frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes , but its association with hospital healthcare costs has not been analyzed.
the main objective was to estimate the adjusted annual costs and use of hospital healthcare resources in frail older adults compared to non frail ones.
design : fradea study.
mean follow-up @number@ days ( sd @number@ ) .
setting : albacete city , spain.
participants : @number@ adults ≥70 years.
outcome data were collected from minimum data set of the complejo hospitalario universitario albacete.
the cost base year was @number@
logistic regression and two-part models were used to analyze the association between frailty and the use of healthcare resources.
generalized linear models were applied to estimate the impact of frailty and comorbidity on the healthcare costs.
results : the average cost associated with the use of health resources was @number@ , 922€ / year.
@percent@ of the total health cost was associated with hospital admission cost , @percent@ with specialist visits cost and @percent@ with emergency visits cost.
frailty and comorbidity were the most important factors associated with the use of hospital healthcare resources.
conclusion : frailty and comorbidity are meaningful and complementary associated with increased hospital healthcare resources use , and related costs.
objective : to assess the predictive value of gait speed for early death in older outpatients with cancer.
design : prospective bicentric observational cohort study.
setting : the physical frailty in elder cancer patients ( pf-ec ) study ( france ) .
participants : one hundred and ninety outpatients with cancer during the first @number@ months of follow up in the pf-ec study.
a cox proportional-hazard regression model was performed in non-survivors for clinical factors from the cga , along with c reactive protein ( crp ) .
two models were created to assess gs alone and from inclusion in the sppb.
results : the mean age was @number@ years , and @percent@ of the participants were men.
death occurred in @percent@ ( n = 22 ) of the participants within the @number@ month follow up period.
of these participants , @percent@ had solid cancers , and @percent@ had a metastatic disease.
cancer site and extension were not significantly associated with early death.
gs alone < @number@ m / s is at least as efficacious as the sppb in predicting this outcome.
gs alone could be used routinely as a marker of early death to adapt oncologic therapeutics.
further studies are needed to validate these preliminary data.
we examine the association between handrail use to climb stairs at increasing ages , and long term survival.
mortality data were collected from age 70-90.
handrail use was associated throughout follow-up with a consistent pattern of negative demographic , functional and medical parameters.
objective : studies in rodents and humans have indicated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 pufa ) may reduce weight.
the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate evidence for the efficacy of n-3 pufa in managing overweight and obesity.
methods : we performed a systematic search of pubmed , embase , and cochrane central register of controlled trials until @date@ .
two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of studies and assessed the reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) .
results : a total of @number@ rcts involving @number@ participants were included in this meta-analysis.
given the small number and poor quality of rcts included in the meta-analysis , these results are inconclusive.
a large-scale , well-designed rct is needed to further address this issue.
background : moderate calorie-restricted diets and exercise training prevent loss of lean mass and cardiovascular risk.
objective : we compared the effects of acute and chronic soccer training plus calorie-restricted diet on protein catabolism and cardiovascular risk markers in t2d.
the 40-min soccer sessions were held @number@ times per week for @number@ weeks.
results : nineteen participants attended @percent@ of scheduled soccer sessions , and none suffered any injuries.
the sdg group showed higher levels of growth hormone ( gh ) , free fatty acids and ammonia compared with dg.
after the last training session , an increase in igf-1 / igfbp-3 and attenuation in ammonia levels were suggestive of lower muscle protein catabolism.
design : intervention study with one treatment group ( no control group ) .
dietary assessment was done before and at the end of a 10-day intervention.
setting : two care facilities in gelderland , the netherlands : a residential care home and a rehabilitation center.
participants : @number@ elderly subjects ( @number@ women , @number@ men ; mean age @number@.0±9.4 years ) .
energy and macronutrient intake was calculated using the @number@ dutch food composition database.
changes in protein intake were evaluated using paired t-tests.
this increase is comparable to protein provided by one standard portion of ons.
the intake of energy and other macronutrients did not change significantly.
protein intake significantly increased during breakfast ( @number@ g ) and during the evening ( @number@ g ) .
conclusion : including familiar protein enriched foods and drinks in the menu helped to meet protein recommendations in institutionalized elderly.
design : data from a cluster-randomized clinical trial and a cohort study.
setting : general practices in the netherlands.
participants : @number@ trial participants and @number@ participants of the cohort study with a mean age of @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years.
the mdc was estimated using sem , based on a test-retest study ( 2-week interval ) and on the anchor-based method.
results : anchor-based mics of the katz-adl index score were @number@ points , while distributional mics ranged from @number@ to @number@ points.
similarly , anchor-based mics of the lawton iadl scale were between @number@ and @number@ points and distributional mics ranged from @number@ to @number@ points.
the mdc varies by sample size.
for the mic to exceed the mdc at least @number@ patients are needed.
conclusion : the mic of both the katz-adl index and the lawton iadl scale lie around half a point.
the certainty of this conclusion is reduced by the variation across calculational methods.
background : depression is prevalent among patients with late life neurocognitive disorders but its role as an independent risk factor is not established.
we aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression and the incidence of mild neurocognitive disorders ( ncd ) in a chinese population.
methods : we analyzed data from @number@ community-living chinese elderly in the singapore longitudinal aging study ( slas ) cohort.
all subjects were cognitively normal at baseline based on their performance on the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
depression was defined as total score of @number@ or more on the 15-item geriatric depression scale.
incident cases of mild ncd were ascertained at follow up after an average of @number@ moths ( range : 10-62 ) .
odds ratios ( or ) of associations were calculated in logistic regression models that adjusted for potential confounders.
results : a total of @number@ mild ncd cases were identified.
the interaction between depression and apoe genotype was not statistically significant.
conclusion : depressive symptom was independently associated with increased risk of mild ncd among chinese elderly.
effective management of late life depression may potentially reduce incident cases of ncd in the population.
methods : the integrative review was conducted using pubmed , cinahl , web of science , psycinfo , and proquest dissertations and theses.
from the total @number@ articles retrieved , review of titles and key words were conducted.
following the initial review , @number@ articles did not meet the inclusion criteria for association of frailty and cognition.
weak grip was predictive for changes in executive function ( β - @number@ p = 0.008 ) .
results call attention to inconsistencies in reporting of reliability , validity , and heterogeneity in the measurements and operational definition for cognitive frailty.
design : population-based longitudinal study.
setting : a subset of the melbourne collaborative cohort study ( mccs ) .
participants : @number@ community-dwelling adults ( @percent@ female ) aged @number@ ± @number@ years at baseline.
measurements : dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline ( 1990-1994 ) and follow-up ( 2010-2011 ) .
aac was evaluated by radiography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) at follow-up.
changes in ahei-2010 over @number@ years were not associated with aac severity.
objective : prevention of frail skin is important in older people because frail skin is associated with a risk of injury in this population.
in this study , we investigated the association of nutritional status and habitual dietary intake with skin conditions in community-dwelling older people.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : three community settings in japan from autumn to winter.
participants : older people aged ≥65 years without care-need certification ( n = 118 ) .
measurements : malnutrition and obesity were evaluated to assess the nutritional status.
nutrient and food group intakes per @number@ kcal were evaluated using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire.
dietary patterns based on food groups were evaluated by principal component analysis.
multiple linear regression analysis was performed with adjustment for confounders.
results : the mean ( standard deviation ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years , and @percent@ of participants were female.
a higher intake of plant fat ( p = 0.018 ) was associated with a lower srrc score.
higher intakes of α-tocopherol ( p = 0.050 ) and vitamin c ( p = 0.017 ) were associated with increased dermal intensity.
a body mass index ≥25 ( p = 0.016 ) was associated with decreased dermal intensity.
a dietary pattern characterized by higher vegetable and fruit intake was associated with a better skin condition.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community.
participants : @number@ fit older women attending a biweekly mild fitness program.
measurements : dietary habits was investigated through a 3-day record questionnaire.
serum 25 ( oh ) d and intact parathormone ( pth ) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and by a 2-step immunoradiometric assay , respectively.
bmd and body composition were estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with fan-beam technology.
dietary vitamin d intake was not associated to any of these outcomes.
conclusion : fat mass has a greater influence on serum 25 ( oh ) d than dietary vitamin d intake.
cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
here we report the extensive molecular characterization of @number@ primary cervical cancers , one of the largest comprehensive genomic studies of cervical cancer to date.
we observed notable apobec mutagenesis patterns and identified shkbp1 , erbb3 , casp8 , hla-a and tgfbr2 as novel significantly mutated genes in cervical cancer.
integrative clustering of @number@ samples identified keratin-low squamous , keratin-high squamous and adenocarcinoma-rich subgroups.
these molecular analyses reveal new potential therapeutic targets for cervical cancers.
muscle function decline is a commonly observed process that occurs with aging.
low muscle function , an essential component of sarcopenia , is associated with negative outcomes , including falls , fractures , and dependency.
although many tools have been developed and are used to assess muscle function in older adults , most have important limitations.
it can also assess balance by measuring sway of the center of pressure.
older adults can safely perform muscle mechanography measurements.
further research is needed to determine whether muscle mechanography can predict outcomes such as falls , fractures , and mortality.
[ res gerontol nurs.
@number@ 10 ( @number@ ) : 17-24. ] .
design : longitudinal study , part of the sabe study ( health , wellbeing and aging ) .
we used poisson regression to evaluate the association between obesity and disability incidence , adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors including bmi.
setting : são paulo , brazil.
subjects : older adults ( n @number@ ) who were independent in adl in @number@
in @number@ @number@ of these were located and re-interviewed.
results : the crude disability incidence ( at least one adl ) was 27·1 / 1000 person-years in the period.
this pattern was observed in all bmi levels.
objective : natural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide.
this project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to society and to build elderly leadership and community capacity for future crises.
our surveys included questions assessing participation levels in ibasho , demographic characteristics , efficacy , social networks , and a sense of belonging.
moving away from an emphasis on investing in physical infrastructure , we believe that disaster risk reduction strategies should center on social infrastructure.
( disaster med public health preparedness.
@number@ ; 11 : 120-126 ) .
while scholars and policymakers have investigated the causes and consequences of low fertility , they have neglected a related issue : advanced parental age.
this is an important issue because advanced parental age adversely affects babies in the short and long run.
south korea recently topped the list of low-fertility countries , and so this study examined the trends in parental age in this country.
at every stage , age increased rapidly for both parents.
the corresponding figures for mothers increased from @percent@ to @percent@ - more than double.
potential parents and policymakers can use this information to time births more appropriately , thereby reducing risks to babies and mothers.
what is known and objective : there are few studies examining both drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in older adults.
therefore , the objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults.
results : over one-third of participants had at least one type of interaction.
approximately one quarter ( 25·1% ) had evidence of had one or more drug-drug interactions.
additionally , 16·0% had a potential drug-disease interaction with 3·7% participants having one involving non-prescription medications.
the most common drug-disease interaction was aspirin / nsaid use in those with history of peptic ulcer disease without gastroprotection.
over one-third ( 34·0% ) had at least one type of drug interaction.
longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the impact of drug interactions on health-related outcomes.
objective : to examine the possible influence of cognitive ability and education at age @number@ or @number@ on number of teeth at age @number@
setting : community-dwelling population in copenhagen , denmark.
participants : men and women born in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : cognitive ability was assessed using the wechsler adult intelligence scale at age @number@ or @number@
a global cognitive ability measure was used as a continuous measure and according to tertile.
information on education was gathered using a questionnaire at age @number@ or @number@
baseline covariates were smoking , alcohol , sex , and income.
results : logistic regression analyses revealed that greater cognitive ability and educational attainment had a protective effect against risk of tooth loss.
the associations were significant and persisted after adjusting for confounders and a two-way interaction between cognitive ability and education.
conclusion : higher education level and cognitive ability measured at age @number@ or @number@ were associated with having more teeth at age @number@
conclusions : this cohort study showed that 6-year cs organismal aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the onset of degenerative conditions and cancer.
one of the key drivers of aging is cellular senescence , a state of irreversible growth arrest induced by many pro-tumorigenic stresses.
pericytes are widely believed to function as mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) , multipotent tissue-resident progenitors with great potential for regenerative medicine.
cultured pericytes isolated from distinct tissues can differentiate into multiple cell types in vitro or following transplantation in vivo.
however , the cell fate plasticity of endogenous pericytes in vivo remains unclear.
here , we show that the transcription factor tbx18 selectively marks pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in multiple organs of adult mouse.
fluorescence-activated cell sorting ( facs ) -purified tbx18-expressing cells behaved as mscs in vitro.
age-related differences in cognitive agility vary greatly between individuals and cognitive functions.
however , although convenient in its simplicity , the resting state is essentially an unconstrained paradigm with minimal experimental control.
while group classification using resting-state data was highly above chance ( approx.
the medial entorhinal cortex ( mec ) contains specialized neurons called grid cells that form part of the spatial navigation system.
overt tau pathology in the aged mice was accompanied by spatial memory deficits.
background : few studies describe oral anticoagulant ( oac ) prescription practices in very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
factors associated with oac prescription were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model with backward elimination of variables least associated with oac use.
most patients were treated with oacs in both age groups.
conclusions : the current use of oac in european af patients was satisfactorily high in octogenarians , suggesting reasonable implementation of current guidelines.
interestingly , patients with poor quality of life were less often anticoagulated.
this may warrant further studies.
mutations in mtdna lead to muscular and neurological diseases and are linked to aging.
the most frequent aberrancy is the \ "common deletion \ " that involves a @number@ , 977-bp region flanked by 13-bp repeats.
to investigate the basis of this deletion , we developed a single-molecule mtdna combing method.
the analysis of replicating mtdna molecules provided in vivo evidence in support of the asymmetric mode of replication.
interestingly , this process was mediated by the mitochondrial replisome independent of canonical dsb repair.
altogether , our data underscore a unique replication-dependent repair pathway that leads to the mitochondrial common deletion.
results : results also indicated that age , iss and gsc score have an effect on the gose score.
however , this effect only becomes significant as the ptt value reaches @number@ and above.
conclusion : age and injury severity rather than antithrombotic agent intake are associated with adverse acute outcome such as gose in hospitalized elderly tbi patients.
cytotoxic cd8 t lymphocytes that are present in tumors and capable of recognizing tumor epitopes are nevertheless generally important in eliciting tumor rejection.
ny-eso-1 is a major target of cd8 objective : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is considered an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia.
the objective of this study is to determine which operationalization of the mci criteria is most accurate at predicting dementia.
design : six-year longitudinal study , part of the sydney memory and ageing study.
setting : community-based.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling dementia-free adults between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
persons from a non-english speaking background were excluded.
the accuracy of each algorithm to predict progression to dementia over @number@ years was examined for @number@ individuals.
results : baseline mci prevalence varied between @percent@ and @percent@ and dementia conversion between @percent@ and @percent@ across different algorithms.
the predictive accuracy for progression to dementia was poor.
the highest accuracy was achieved based on objective cognitive impairment alone.
inclusion of subjective cognitive decline or mild functional impairment did not improve dementia prediction accuracy.
conclusions : not mci , but objective cognitive impairment alone , is the best predictor for progression to dementia in a community sample.
nevertheless , clinical assessment procedures need to be refined to improve the identification of pre-dementia individuals.
telomere length is an important indicator of proliferative cell history and potential.
decreasing telomere length in the cells of an immune system can indicate immune aging in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases.
while this entity is frequently overlooked , there is often an underlying cause that is correctable.
the current state of knowledge is summarized and open questions and emerging fields of research are discussed.
recent findings : it is expected that climate change will lead to higher global average surface temperatures and more extreme climatic conditions.
previous studies have shown that non-optimal temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality , specifically in elderly people.
understanding the health impacts associated with changes in thermal conditions requires multidisciplinary approaches.
background : behavioral and psychological symptoms are widely accepted as accelerator factors in progression to dementia.
although alexithymia is closely related to normal aging process and poor neurocognitive performance , alexithymia has not been included in these symptoms yet.
aims : here , we aimed to investigate alexithymia features in people with prominent clinical memory complaints.
all participants were assessed with 20-item toronto alexithymia scale.
the alexithymia features in patients with mild alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment did not significantly differ ( p > @number@ for all ) .
discussion : people who have objective cognitive decline seem to have more alexithymia features than people with subjective cognitive decline.
moreover , alexithymia features seem to be similar in people mild alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment.
conclusion : alexithymia might be an important searching domain of behavioral-psychological symptoms in people with cognitive problems beyond aging.
methods : this cross-sectional study included @number@ older adults aged 60-79 years old.
hrqol was assessed using the sf-36 questionnaire.
functional fitness was assessed using the senior fitness test.
physical activity was measured via the baecke questionnaire.
demographic information , mental and health features were obtained through questionnaires.
the positive relation of hrqol with physical activity was significantly higher in old-old compared to young-old adults.
conclusion : this data suggest that body composition , functional fitness , psycho-social factors , and falls are important correlates of hrqol in old age.
similarly , allostatic load ( al ) , the ' wear and tear ' of chronic stress , is associated with inadequate hpa axis activity.
we examined whether pb levels would be associated with altered diurnal cortisol profile , as a primary mediator of al , during aging.
pb levels were measured from blood samples ( bpb ) of @number@ brazilian individuals ( @number@ women ) , between @number@ and @number@ years old.
six neuroendocrine , metabolic , and anthropometric biomarkers were analyzed and values were transformed into an al index using clinical reference cut-offs.
salivary samples were collected at home over @number@ days at awakening , 30-min after waking , afternoon , and evening periods to determine cortisol levels.
accuracy of prediction and applicability are required of an optimal set of commonly assessed biomarkers to provide information on the health status.
however , the narrow therapeutic dose-range of quercetin has been a point of concern since previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin induces cytotoxicity in vitro.
quercetin is metabolized to quercetin glucuronates such as quercetin-3-o-glucuronide ( q3ga ) , primarily detected in the plasma and the brain.
here , we examined whether and how quercetin or q3ga regulates neural stem cells ( nscs ) in vivo and in vitro.
however , quercetin decreased the viability of human embryonic nscs in culture , accompanied by decreased akt phosphorylation and increased cleavage of caspase-3 and parp.
in contrast , q3ga increased brdu-positive cell proliferation , akt phosphorylation , and cyclin d1 expression.
pi3k / akt inhibitor ly294002 reversed q3ga-induced akt phosphorylation and cyclin d1 expression , thereby reducing q3ga-induced proliferation.
furthermore , q3ga increased the protein secretion of bdnf and its blockade using anti-bdnf antibody reversed q3ga-induced proliferation.
under differentiation state , q3ga promotes nsc migration , along with increased mrna expression of cxcr4.
moreover , q3ga significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of akt phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus and ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairments.
this study provides a novel mechanism for the positive effects of q3ga on neurogenesis and suggests its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
the effect of this highly branched microstructure on the local mechanical properties is investigated by means of numerical simulations.
however , this effect is reduced by the presence of peritubular dentin surrounding the tubules.
the porosity was also quantified using the cslm data and compared to this derived from sem imaging.
a gradient in the branching density was observed from the dej towards the pulp , independently of the anatomical location.
finally , our analysis of the tubular network structure provides valuable data to improve current numerical models.
aging and many disease conditions , most notably diabetes , are associated with the accumulation of non-enzymatic cross-links in the bone matrix.
reactive persulfide species such as cysteine persulfides and polysulfides that are endogenously produced in cells are likely to be involved in 8-nitro-cgmp metabolism.
these new aspects of redox biology may stimulate innovative and multidisciplinary research in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
sunlight , specifically uvb and uva , triggers various types of dna damage.
this process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species , which may indirectly cause dna damage.
despite many decades of investigation , the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear.
however , human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight.
these systems include antioxidants , that protect dna , and mechanisms of dna damage repair and tolerance.
genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes.
this raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced dna damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging.
erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human body and their function of oxygen transport is pivotal to human physiology.
however , being enucleated , they are often referred to as a sac of molecules and their cellularity is challenged.
interestingly , their programmed death stands a testimony to their cell-hood.
they are capable of self-execution after a defined life span by both cell-specific mechanism and that resembling the cytoplasmic events in apoptosis of nucleated cells.
since the execution process lacks the nuclear and mitochondrial events in apoptosis , it has been referred to as quasi-apoptosis or eryptosis.
several studies on molecular mechanisms underlying death of erythrocytes have been reported.
the data has generated a non-cohesive sketch of the process.
aging-associated alterations in composition , diversity and functional features of intestinal microbiota are well-described in the modern literature.
background : parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder for which old age is the best known risk.
the proportion of elderly in the world is increasing , resulting in larger pool of people at risk for parkinson's disease.
several other neurodegenerative disorders also produce parkinson syndrome.
distinguishing between those variants is only possible with pathological examination of brain.
no autopsy confirmed study of @number@ years and older onset in parkinsonism cases has been reported.
clinical features of different ps variants , response to treatment and progression of disease in this age group remain to be determined.
methods : patients evaluated at movement disorders clinic saskatchewan are offered a choice of autopsy at no cost.
the brain is studied by board certified neuropathologist.
results : thirty cases with clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism ( onset ≥80 years ) came to autopsy.
twenty-one ( @percent@ ) had parkinson's disease alone and two ( @percent@ ) had an additional movement disorder.
the progression of parkinson's disease was accelerated , and dementia evolved earlier than reported in the younger onset cases.
most cases that tolerated an adequate dose improved on levodopa.
conclusion : parkinson's disease is the most common variant in the octogenarian population.
most patients benefit from levodopa , and should be tried on the drug when diagnosis of parkinsonism is made.
background : the developing fetus and pregnant woman can be exposed to a variety of environmental chemicals that may adversely affect their health.
moreover , environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with different social determinants , including socioeconomic status ( ses ) and demographic indicators.
results : we found these indicators to be significantly associated with many of the chemicals measured in maternal blood and urine.
conclusion : our results demonstrated that inequitable distribution of exposure to chemicals among populations within a country can occur.
design : prospective population-based cohort.
setting : inhabitants of ommoord , rotterdam , the netherlands.
participants : a total of @number@ men and @number@ women , mean ( standard deviation ) age @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
sex-specific change in the mean has was computed for the age categories of 65-69 , 70-74 , 75-79 , 80-84 , and ≥85 years.
the association between has and mortality was assessed with cox proportional hazards models.
results : mean follow-up was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
men had poorer scores in the chronic disease domain than women.
however , women had poorer mental health , worse physical function , more pain , and lower quality of life compared with men.
the mean ( standard deviation ) has was @number@ ( @number@ ) in men and @number@ ( @number@ ) in women.
mean has was higher in men than in women for all age categories.
conclusions : levels of has were lower in women compared with men , in all age categories.
the has declined with increasing age for both sexes , albeit slightly steeper in women.
the has was strongly associated with mortality in both sexes.
a better understanding of population healthy aging and sex differences in this regard could aid to implement strategies for sustainable healthcare in aging populations.
at the time of marketing authorisation ( ma ) these criteria are reassessed to ensure they are still met.
the comp has noted discordance between the prevalence of certain haematological malignancies at the time of orphan designation and at the time of marketing authorisation.
the review used submissions as well as recent publications and results from external and ema databases.
among these modifying enzymes , sirtuins , a class iii histone deacetylase ( hdac ) enzymes , are of particular importance.
sirtuins regulate the cell cycle , dna repair , cell survival , and apoptosis , thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells.
sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis.
the pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole.
thus , much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and / or activity of sirtuins.
numerous findings report a rise in activity , especially on sirt1 , in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment.
this contrasts , however , with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells.
circadian rhythms orchestrate biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms to respond the day / night cycle.
in mammals , nearly all cells hold self-sustained circadian clocks meanwhile couple the intrinsic rhythms to systemic changes in a hierarchical manner.
notably , a number of studies have linked longevity nutrient sensing pathways in modulating circadian clocks.
therapeutic strategies that bridge the nutrient sensing pathways and circadian clock might be rational designs to defy aging.
the extended model was adopted to include the measurement of the exposure of interest throughout the follow-up period and not only at baseline.
adjustment variables included sociodemographic characteristics , health status , and use of health care services and medications.
a level of significance of @percent@ was adopted for all analyses.
results : the prevalence of pim use was @percent@ ( 95%ci @number@.4-58.6 ) .
among the pim groups analyzed , antipsychotics were the most strongly associated with mortality ( hr = @number@ 95%ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : the study revealed a high prevalence of pim use among the community-based aged population.
it also identified pim use as a predictor for mortality in this group of individuals.
this indicates the need for selection of safer drug therapy alternatives in this patient group.
design : pooled data analyses of three prospective population-based cohorts , the blue mountains eye study , beaver dam eye study and rotterdam study.
methods : retinal photography and interview with comprehensive questionnaires were conducted at each visit of three studies.
amd was assessed following the modified wisconsin amd grading protocol.
progression to bilateral any ( early and late ) or late amd was assessed among participants with unilateral involvement only.
factors associated with the progression were assessed using logistic regression models while simultaneously adjusting for other significant risk factors.
results : in any 5-year duration , 19-28% of unilateral any amd cases became bilateral and 27-68% of unilateral late amd became bilateral.
known amd risk factors , including smoking , are significantly associated with the progression to bilateral involvement.
thus , we investigated this association in community-derived populations.
lower physical qol was observed even in individuals with borderline low abi ( @number@ to @number@ n = 426 ) .
conclusions : low abi ( even borderline ) was independently associated with poor qol , especially for physical components , in community-dwelling older adults.
csm treatment increased mao-b activity , ros levels and il-8 release in aecs.
pretreatment with mao-b selective inhibitor selegiline reversed the csm-induced changes in mao-b activity , ros levels and il-8 release in a dose-dependent manner.
our study demonstrated that in aecs , inhibition of mao-b using selegiline reversed the csm-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
these data may provide a novel strategy for therapy in copd.
the posterior scleral cup of @number@ eyes from @number@ human donors was mounted onto a custom inflation chamber.
the shg volumes were analyzed by the fast-fourier iterative digital volume correlation ( dvc ) algorithm for the three dimensional ( 3d ) displacement field.
the elliptical shape of the lc was also predictive of the biaxial strain ratio.
mechanical characterization of the lc is challenging because of the complex 3d shape and inaccessibility of the tissue.
we present a new method using digital volume correlation to map the 3d displacement and strain fields in the lc under inflation.
we report for the first time significant regional variations in the strains that are consistent with the pattern of optic nerve damage in early glaucoma.
thus regional strain variations may be predictive of the progression of axonal damage in glaucoma.
rage is important in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
the aim of this study is to investigate the pathogenesis mechanisms and explore as a new potential therapeutic targets for dc.
this study exhibited a direct inhibition interaction between ar and inos in hlecs.
methods : data from the global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women ( glow ) 3-year hamilton cohort were used for this study.
we used the multivariable cox regression model to identify the updated weighting for components in the original pf model.
the goodness of fit and discrimination were assessed for model performances.
results : there were @number@ women included for analyses ( mean age : @number@ years ) .
the modified pf model could capture and categorize the future risk of mof more accurately than the original model.
significant relationship between risks of mof , falls , and death and the modified pf model was found.
compared with the original model , the modified pf model was a better fit to the data and with improved predictive accuracy.
more evidence is needed to validate the modified pf model and support its application in geriatric practice.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : the nurses ' health study , a cohort of registered nurses residing in @number@ us states.
dash adherence for each individual was based on scoring of intakes of @number@ nutrient or food components.
measurements : long-term dash adherence was calculated as the average dash adherence score from up to @number@ repeated measures of diet.
these differences were equivalent to being @number@ year younger in age.
adherence to the dash score was not associated with change in cognitive function over @number@ years.
background : the world's population aged @number@ and over will more than triple from @number@ million to @number@ billion between the years @number@ to @number@
this demographic change has significant impact on health , social , and economic sectors.
the need to ensure that research into older peoples ' health is effectively translated to policy is immediate.
objective : the purpose of this paper is to present a proposed framework to support evidence informed policymaking in ageing and health.
methods : we undertook a two stage process to develop the framework.
we ( a ) conducted a review of the literature , and ( b ) convened an expert panel to provide feedback.
results : numerous frameworks have been proposed yet the majority do not address all the barriers.
a four-step implementation process is proposed.
discussion : this paper offers an approach to knowledge translation within the field of ageing and health.
the framework and proposed implementation could be used to conceptualize and implement evidence-informed policymaking.
the present study aimed to evaluate chchd2 and chchd10 coding variants in italian patients with pd.
all the coding regions and flanking intronic splice sites of chchd2 and chchd10 were sequenced.
of our @number@ pd cases carried chchd2 mutations , whereas @number@ sporadic pd patient showed the pro34ser substitution in chchd10.
our data suggest that chchd2 and chcdh10 mutations are not a relevant cause of pd in italian population.
study design : we retrospectively reviewed the charts of women with oab who were evaluated between @number@ and @number@ in our urogynecology unit.
in a previous study , these were defined as vascular risk factors.
cases were excluded for insufficient data , diabetes mellitus with dysregulated blood glucose , or prolapse greater than 1cm to avoid confusing bladder outlet obstruction.
we included @number@ eligible cases in this study.
independent sample t-test and chi-square tests were performed for analyses.
results : among the participants ( n = 167 ) , @percent@ had at least one vascular risk factor.
those who were at risk were facing significantly more wet-type oab ( p = 0.003 ) and nocturia ( p = 0.023 ) .
conclusion : our findings suggest that aging and atherosclerosis may be associated with severe oab and poorer qol.
nocturia and related parameters of poor quality can be explained by impaired bladder neck perfusion.
future trials need to assess vascular and molecular changes in women with oab.
acquired aplastic anaemia ( aa ) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure disorder inextricably linked to clonal haematopoiesis.
the majority of aa patients have somatic mutations and / or structural chromosomal abnormalities detected as early as at diagnosis.
in contrast to other conditions linked to clonal haematopoiesis , the clonal signature of aa reflects its immune pathophysiology.
using both hapmap and 1000g imputation we performed a meta-analysis of @number@ studies comprising the same @number@ individuals.
we identified six additional signals using 1000g imputation , while @number@ loci were associated using both hapmap and 1000g imputation.
one locus identified using hapmap imputation was not significant using 1000g imputation.
more generally , our results provide insights that are applicable to the implementation of other dense reference panels that are under development.
context : many medical schools have initiated care internships to familiarize their students with older persons and to instil a professional attitude.
changes in image were investigated as mean differences of the total and concept scores.
these patterns were irrespective of the student's gender and previous contact experience.
to date , studies of the 9p21.3 variants on cad risk mainly focus on the non-coding region of anril.
however , the biological significance of the variants on anril promoter and exons is still unknown.
unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that two snps in anril exons , rs10965215 and rs10738605 , were significantly associated with mi risk.
further studies revealed that anril transcript eu741058.1 expression levels of rs10965215 and rs10738605 risk genotypes were borderline lower than those of protective genotypes.
background and objectives : smoking is known to increase biological age.
however , whether this process is reversible through smoking cessation is not known.
in this pilot study , we attempt to determine whether smoking cessation reduces biological age.
scientific significance : successful smoking cessation makes patients appear biologically younger than they were at baseline , and to do so quite rapidly.
in today's youth driven society , our observations may serve as a powerful impetus for some to quit smoking.
( am j addict @number@ ; 26 : 129-135 ) .
the anti-diabetic activity of ginger powder ( chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem around the world.
because the kidney plays a role in reducing glycative stress , renal dysfunction results in increased glycative stress.
objectives : vascular deterioration is suggested to occur earlier in black than white populations , thereby increasing their risk for developing hypertension.
despite higher pentosidine in black boys ( p = @number@ ) , arterial stiffness indices did not correlate with pentosidine in any group.
this phenotype underlines the increasing trend of early-onset vascular aging among black populations.
difficult participant recruitment is a consistent barrier to successful medical research.
potential participant registries represent an increasingly common intervention to overcome this barrier.
a variety of models for registries exist , but few data are available to instruct their design and implementation.
to provide such data , we surveyed @number@ cognitively normal research participants enrolled in a longitudinal study of aging and dementia.
seventy-four ( @percent@ ) individuals participated in the study.
most ( @percent@ , ci : @number@ @number@ ) participants were likely to enroll in a registry.
investigators operating registries may need to offer particular assurances about data security to maximize registry enrollment but also must carefully manage participant expectations.
there is a growing recognition of sex differences in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
women retain this advantage in amci despite reduced hippocampal volume and temporal lobe glucose metabolism.
in the overall group , sex by cortical aβ interaction was significant for delayed recall only.
thus , women maintain a verbal memory advantage over men in amci despite similar levels of ad pathology.
in spite of the consistent benefits for hiv-1 infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy , a complete immune reconstitution is usually not achieved.
actually , antiretroviral therapy may be frequently accompanied by immunological unresponsiveness , persistent inflammatory conditions and inefficient cytotoxic t-cell response.
this review reports the present knowledge on the in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the use of thymosin alpha @number@ in hiv-1 infection.
recent findings and future perspectives of therapeutic intervention are discussed.
the biological consequences of cellular senescence and immortalization in aging and cancer are in conflict.
organisms have developed common cellular signaling pathways and surveillance mechanisms to control the processing of aging against tumorigenesis.
the imbalance of any signals involved in this process may result in either premature aging or tumorigenesis and reduce the life span of the organism.
in contrast , the balance between aging and tumorigenesis at a higher level ( homeostatic-balance ) may benefit the organism with tumor-free longevity.
j. cell.
biochem.
118 : 2581-2586 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
it causes alterations in the dermal connective tissue and gene expression , inflammation , photoaging , and dna damage.
aims : therefore , the harmful effects of uva and strategies to reduce it have been consistently investigated.
23-hydroxytormentic acid ( 23-hta ) has been demonstrated to improve drug-induced nephrotoxicity and exhibit several free radical scavenging effects with other molecules.
the mrna levels of antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
a senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) staining kit was used to assess senescent cells.
results : 23-hta showed antioxidant capacity mediated by ros scavenging and regulation of antioxidant-related gene expression.
conclusion : in conclusion , 23-hta protects against and attenuates uva-induced oxidative stress in nhdfs likely via the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like @number@ signaling pathway.
clinicopathological features and pathogenesis of esophageal small-cell carcinoma remain unclear.
we hypothesized common cellular origin and pathogenesis in small-cell carcinoma of esophagus and lung associated with sox2 overexpression and loss of rb1.
esophageal small-cell carcinoma expressed higher levels of glandular markers and lower levels of squamous-basal markers than poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
no significant differences were observed in immunohistochemistry profiles between small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and the lung.
the immunohistochemistry profiles of small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and the lung are highly similar.
the loss of rb1 function is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of both neoplasms.
bivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between physical and cognitive function.
meanwhile , near visual acuity and cognition also showed unique environmental correlation , r e = @number@ [ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ] .
we found no significantly genetic correlation for cognition with handgrip strength , ftsst , near visual acuity , and number of teeth lost.
cognitive function was genetically related to pulmonary function.
the ftsst and cognition shared almost the same common environmental factors but only part of the unique environmental factors , both with negative correlation.
in contrast , near visual acuity and cognition may positively share part of the unique environmental factors.
data were analyzed by fitting univariate and bivariate twin models to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on these measures of physical function.
heritability was moderate for fev1 , handgrip , and ftsst ( 55-60% ) but insignificant for fvc.
only fvc showed moderate control , with shared environmental factors accounting for about @percent@ of the total variance.
in contrast , all measures of pulmonary function and muscle strength showed modest influences from the unique environment ( 40-50% ) .
fev1 and fvc were genetically and environmentally correlated.
pulmonary function and ftsst may share similar sets of genes but in the negative direction.
pulmonary function and muscle strength may have a shared environmental background.
results : an involvement of caspase-3 / keratin-18 pathway and serine / threonine kinase aurora a / mdm2 pathway was shared between rs and sips.
in sips , aurora-b signaling is deprioritized , and the synthetic branches of cholesterol metabolism are upregulated , rather than downregulated.
moreover , in sips , proteasome / ubiquitin ligase pathways of protein degradation dominate the regulatory landscape.
the latter supports the hypothesis that senescence-specific de-repression of spp1 aids in sips-dependent stromal activation.
conclusions : reanalysis of previously published experimental data is cost-effective approach for extraction of additional insignts into the functioning of biological systems.
we studied @number@ subjects with biomarker-supported probable ad ( low csf aβ multiple stressors affect developing and adult organisms , thereby partly structuring their phenotypes.
determining how stressors influence health , well-being , and longevity in human and nonhuman primate populations are major foci within biological anthropology.
following allostasis theory , allostatic load represents accumulated physiological and somatic damage secondary to stressors and senescent processes experienced over the lifespan.
alis estimate this wear-and-tear using a composite of biomarkers representing neuroendocrine , cardiovascular , metabolic , and immune systems.
alis also may be applied to similar stress-related research areas among nonhuman primates.
studies in cancer models suggest that sunitinib might also modulate autophagy , which is dysregulated in our models of tat-induced neurotoxicity.
in vivo , sunitinib treatment restored lc3-ii , p62 , and endophilin b1 ( endob1 ) levels in doxycycline-induced tat transgenic mice.
moreover , in these animals , sunitinib reduced the hyperactivation of cdk5 , tau hyperphosphorylation , and p35 cleavage to p25.
restoration of cdk5 and autophagy were associated with reduced neurodegeneration and behavioral alterations.
we conclude that sunitinib might ameliorate tat-mediated autophagy alterations and may decrease neurodegeneration in aging patients with hand.
the major risk factor of copd , which has been proven in many studies , is the exposure to cigarette smoke.
however , it is 15-20% of all smokers who develop copd.
this is why we should recognize the pathobiology of copd as involving a complex interaction between several factors , including genetic vulnerability.
oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is recognized as one of the significant factors in copd pathogenesis.
numerous exogenous and endogenous sources of ros are present in pathobiology of copd.
one of endogenous sources of ros is mitochondria.
with the coexistence with impaired antioxidant defence , all these issues lead to oxidative and carbonyl stress.
both of these states play a significant role in pathobiology of copd and may account for development of major comorbidities of this disease.
this systematic review evaluates whether recruitment efficiency and rates have increased in acute stroke trials from @number@ to @number@
these trials were compared to a previously published data set of trials conducted from @number@ to @number@
ckd appears to be a condition of soluble klotho deficiency.
we assayed serum soluble brown adipose tissue ( bat ) provides a means of nonshivering thermogenesis.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community-dwelling adults aged @number@ years or older , rotterdam , the netherlands.
results : for partnered participants , greater positive affect and life satisfaction was associated with more sexual activity and physical tenderness.
although ces-d was negatively associated with sexual behaviour within partnered older adults , there was no association between the negative affect sub-scale and sexual behaviour.
the relations were independent of depressive symptoms , physical health and chronic disease status and were observed for both sexes at all older ages.
for unpartnered participants , greater life satisfaction and was associated with more physical tenderness.
there was low prevalence of sexual behaviour in unpartnered participants , limiting further stratification.
conclusion : greater ppwb was associated with more sexual behaviour in partnered , community-dwelling older adults.
limited conclusions can be drawn for unpartnered older adults as their sexual behaviour was infrequent.
population ageing poses many challenges.
recurrent readmission to hospital by frail older people places a strain on health systems and the individual.
during follow-up calls , many patients reported feelings of loneliness and social isolation post-discharge.
it was also found that patients may not be aware of support services available in the community.
telephone follow-up calls after discharge is a potentially cost-effective strategy to identify these patients and potentially provide comfort and timely referrals where needed.
additionally , it was questioned whether the subjective evaluation of the time one has left to live affects this relationship.
participants completed a phone-questionnaire on , subjective nearness-to-death , and will-to-live.
the findings emphasize that perceptions regarding one's future perspective may affect the quality of the relationship between and will-to-live.
theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
complement is the backbone of our innate immune system.
it is of ancient evolutionary origin , being traced back to horseshoe crabs @number@ million years ago.
it consists today of more than @number@ proteins which must work together like clockwork to distinguish friend from foe.
self-attack by the complement system can occur whenever it fails to do so.
this failure has been reported to occur in an estimated @number@ human diseases.
a significant number of these are chronic degenerative neurological disorders.
in some , there is overwhelming evidence that complement self-attack causes the disease.
in many others , it is considered only to contribute to the overall pathology.
finding effective therapeutic agents should be a high priority for medical research.
to date , the monoclonal antibody eculizumab is the only approved agent.
structural measures of the hippocampus have been linked to a variety of memory processes and also to broader cognitive abilities.
however , a comprehensive analysis of multidomain cognitive associations with hippocampal deformations among a large group of cognitively normal older adults is currently lacking.
with aging , both ivds and eps undergo degeneration.
there is currently a lack of validated histologic grading schemes for cervical spine degeneration.
study design : a histological study on degenerative changes in cervical ivds and eps was conducted.
the ivds were carefully excised along with eps and then sectioned to obtain midsagittal samples for macroscopic examination according to a five-grade classification system.
the samples were further dissected , fixed , and stained for histological examination according to hds.
results : thirty c4-c5 ivds and thirty c5-c6 ivds were macroscopically examined for degeneration.
the averaged thompson's grade was found to be @number@.9±1.3.
the mean hds for ivds was @number@.1±5.8 and for ep was @number@.2±5.2.
the interrater reliability estimates indicated excellent reliability ( κ values > 0.81 , percentage agreement @number@.1%-96.1% ) .
spearman's rank correlation coefficients for ivd and ep scores showed good consistency in predicting macroscopic degeneration.
conclusions : the hds was confirmed to be as accurate in predicting the degree of degeneration in the cervical spine as in the lumbar region.
to our best knowledge , this is the first reported and validated histological classification system intended for assessing histological degeneration in the cervical spine.
therefore , hds can be recommended for academic and pathologic purposes in cervical disc degeneration.
d. chrysotoxum lindl is widely known for medicinal values in traditional chinese medicine as it possesses anti-inflammatory , anti-hyperglycemic induction , antitumor and antioxidant properties.
study aim : to characterize the interaction between gigantol extracted from d. chrysotoxum lindl and the ar gene , and determine gigantol's efficacy against cataractogenesis.
materials and methods : human lens epithelial cells ( hlecs ) were induced by glucose as the model group.
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( rt-pcr ) was used to assess ar gene expression.
the binding constant was determined by uv-visible.
results : gigantol depressed ar gene expression in hlecs.
these findings provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the use of dendrobium for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) -specific cd4 + and cd8 + t cells are key to successful viral clearance in hcv disease.
accumulation of exhausted hcv-specific t cells during chronic infection results in considerable loss of protective functional immune responses.
the role of t-cell exhaustion in chronic hcv disease remains poorly understood.
hcv peptide-stimulated cd4 + and cd8 + t cells of chronic hcv ( chc ) patients showed significant increase of ctla-4.
chronic hcv infection results in functional exhaustion of cd4 + and cd8 + t cells likely contributing to viral persistence.
it is recommended that , when developing these tools , teams involve people who may ultimately use them.
however , there is little empirical evidence about how best to undertake this involvement , particularly for specific populations of users such as vulnerable populations.
two independent analysts thematically coded transcribed interviews.
results : out of a total of @number@ decision aid development projects , @number@ ( @percent@ ) specifically involved members of vulnerable populations.
in interviews , all developers highlighted the importance , value and challenges of involving potential users.
partnering with community-based organizations may facilitate relationships of trust and may also provide a non-threatening and accessible location for research activities.
some of these practices may require additional time or resources.
to address health inequities , researchers , communities and funders may need to increase awareness of these approaches and plan accordingly.
background : adiposity indicators can be used as predictors of cardiovascular risk in the elderly.
we evaluated the performance of adiposity indicators of ms prediction in the elderly.
methods : a cross-sectional study with @number@ elderly people of both genders.
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( auc ) , sensitivity ( sens ) and specificity ( spec ) .
results : the wc , whtr , and lap indicators showed the highest auc , with values greater than @number@
therefore , they are effective in ms assessment in the elderly and during follow-up for individual and collective clinical practice.
however , the molecular mechanism underlying tax-induced ikk activation is controversial and not fully understood.
mass spectrometric analyses revealed that both lys63-linked and met1-linked polyubiquitin chains are associated with the ikk complex.
expression levels of camp and cgmp were assessed , and related signaling pathways were detected by western blot , immunohistochemistry and rt-pcr.
our experiment results showed erectile function of the awtr group and atgrh group was lower compared with those of other two groups.
also , expression levels of camp and cgmp were significantly lower than those of other two groups.
our finding revealed hklk1 played a protective role in age-related ed.
there is currently enormous interest in studying the role of the microbiome in health and disease.
microbiome's role is increasingly being applied to respiratory diseases , in particular copd , asthma , cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.
there are issues that are particular to the asia-pacific region involving diet and prevalence of specific respiratory diseases.
each of these issues is further complicated by the effects of ageing.
here we review the current understanding and progression in these areas.
design : prospective follow-up of an age-homogenous representative community-dwelling cohort ( born 1920-21 ) in the jerusalem longitudinal cohort study ( 1990-2015 ) .
setting : home-based assessment.
hgs did not predict subsequent cognitive decline.
objectives : to investigate whether genetic variations on the estrogen metabolic pathway would be associated with risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : individuals were recruited at the memory clinic , queen mary hospital , hong kong.
participants : chinese individuals with ( n = @number@ ) and without ( n = @number@ ) ad.
stratifying subjects according to apoe ε4 status , their genetic effects continued to be significant in the apoe ε4-negative subgroup.
associations between cyp11a1 polymorphisms ( rs2279357 , rs2073475 ) and risk of ad were detected in women but not men.
chronic subdural haematoma ( csdh ) , one of the most common neurosurgical entities , occurs typically in elderly patients.
the incidence is expected to double by the year @number@ owing to the continuous aging of the population.
surgery is usually the treatment of choice , but conservative treatment may be a good alternative in some situations.
we provide a systematic review of studies analysing the conservative treatment options and the natural history of csdh.
of @number@ articles screened , @number@ were included in this systematic review.
studies evaluating the natural history and conservative treatment modalities of csdh remain sparse and are predominantly of low level of evidence.
the natural history of csdh remains unclear and is analysed only in case reports or very small case series.
angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors were evaluated only as adjuvant therapy to surgery , and their effect on the rate of recurrence remains debatable.
mannitol showed promising results in small retrospective series and might be a valid treatment modality ( type c recommendation ) .
however , the long treatment duration is a major drawback.
in conclusion , our knowledge of the conservative treatment modalities for csdh is sparse and based on small case series and low grade evidence.
however , some treatment modalities seem promising even in symptomatic patients with large haematomas.
randomised controlled trials are currently underway , and will hopefully provide us with good evidence for or against the conservative treat-ment of csdh.
robust scientific evidence demonstrates that senes-cence induction in cancer works as a potent weapon to eradicate tumorigenesis.
however , recent advances suggest that if senescent tumour cells are not cleared from the tumours , they may promote tumour progression and metastasis.
in our opinion , these approaches may avoid potential negative effects of pro-senescence therapies and may also enhance the efficacy of cur-rently available immunotherapies.
purpose : clinical next-generation sequencing ( cngs ) is introducing new opportunities and challenges into the practice of medicine.
simultaneously , these technologies are generating uncertainties of an unprecedented scale that laboratories , clinicians , and patients are required to address and manage.
we describe in this report the conceptual design of a new taxonomy of uncertainties around the use of cngs in health care.
in parallel , we developed an interactive website to disseminate the cngs taxonomy to researchers and engage them in its continued refinement.
results : the proposed taxonomy divides uncertainty along three axes-source , issue , and locus-and further discriminates the uncertainties into five layers with multiple domains.
to date , mtorc1's and plk1's functions are mostly studied separately , and reports on their mutual crosstalk are scarce.
here , we identify plk1 as a physical mtorc1 interactor in human cancer cells.
plk1 inhibition enhances mtorc1 activity under nutrient sufficiency and in starved cells , and plk1 directly phosphorylates the mtorc1 component rptor / raptor in vitro.
plk1 and mtorc1 reside together at lysosomes , the subcellular site where mtorc1 is active.
plk1-mtorc1 binding is enhanced by amino acid starvation , a condition known to increase autophagy.
mtorc1 inhibition is an important step in autophagy activation.
in summary , plk1 inhibits mtorc1 and thereby positively contributes to autophagy.
purpose of review : innovations in agriculture and medicine as well as industrial and domestic technologies are essential for the growing and aging global population.
these advances generally require the use of novel natural or synthetic chemical agents with the potential to affect human health.
we make general recommendations about improved methodological approaches toward identification and regulation of chemicals that are gerontogenic to the brain.
arf / p53 pathway protects the cells against dna damage induced by acute stress.
this characteristic is the responsible for its tumor suppressor activity.
moreover , it regulates the chronic type of stress associated with aging.
this is the basis of its anti-aging activity.
indeed , increased gene dosage of arf / p53 displays elongated longevity and delayed aging.
however , p53 can also promote aging if constitutively activated.
in this context , p53 reduces tissue regeneration , which correlates with premature exhaustion of stem cells.
we discuss here the current evidence linking the arf / p53 pathway to the processes of aging and cancer through stem cell regulation.
an organism's well-being is facilitated by numerous molecular and biochemical pathways that ensure homeostasis within cells and tissues.
nutrient sensing pathways that maintain glucose homeostasis in body are involved in regulation of aging.
insulin / insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) signalling ( iis ) pathway was the first nutrient sensing pathway discovered to affect the aging process.
this pathway is highly conserved and the most studied among different organisms.
epigenetic machineries that include dna and histone modifying enzymes and various non-coding rnas have been identified as important contributors to nutrition-related longevity and aging control.
in this report , we present the homology and differences in iis pathway of various organisms including worm , fly , rodent and human.
enhanced study of the role of iis pathway and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate aging may facilitate progressive prevention and treatment of human age-related diseases.
our aim was to examine the clinical relevance of white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) in hiv.
we compared wmh volumes between hiv + and hiv- groups in cross-sectional and multiple time-point analyses.
we also assessed correlations between wmh volumes and cardiovascular , hiv severity , cognitive scores , and diffusion tensor imaging variables.
serostatus groups had similar amount of wmh volume growth over time.
greater wmh volume was associated with poorer brain integrity measured from diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) in the corpus callosum and sagittal stratum.
in this group of hiv + individuals over @number@ wmh burden was associated with cardiovascular risk and both worse diffusion mri and cognition.
the median total burden did not differ by serostatus ; however , a subset of hiv + individuals had high wmh burden.
additionally , studies in low- and middle-income countries are needed.
skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function , enabling locomotion and respiration.
muscle loss occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases ( cachexia ) and normal aging ( sarcopenia ) .
sarcopenia and cachectic muscles have been demonstrated to be abundant in myostatin-linked molecules.
nf-κb signaling is activated in cachectic , but not in sarcopenic , muscle.
recent studies have indicated the age-related defect of autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle , whereas autophagic activation occurs in cachectic muscle.
this review provides recent research advances dealing with molecular mediators modulating muscle mass in both sarcopenia and cachexia.
the compliance of large elastic arteries in the cardiothoracic circulation declines , whereas sympathetic nervous system activity increases markedly with advancing age in adult humans.
statistically correcting for sympathetic nerve activity abolished the age-related difference in arterial compliance ( p = 0.35 ) .
methods : four hundred sixty-three non-hispanic white individuals exceeding quality control criteria were included from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni-1 ) cohort.
association of plasma tau with genetic polymorphisms was performed with a linear regression model.
we found that human cdc45 forms a complex with the single-stranded dna ( ssdna ) binding protein rpa.
moreover , it actively loads rpa onto nascent ssdna.
real-time analysis of rpa-ssdna binding demonstrated that cdc45 catalytically loaded rpa onto ssdna.
this placement reaction required physical contacts of cdc45 with the rpa70a subdomain.
we propose that a cdc45-mediated loading guarantees a seamless deposition of rpa on newly emerging ssdna at the nascent replication fork.
these multicellular interactions are initiated by insoluble tangles of phosphorylated tau protein and plaques of amyloid peptides.
long interspersed element @number@ ( l1 ) is the only currently active autonomous retroelement in the human genome.
the retrotransposition process is dependent upon the orf2 protein ( orf2p ) .
however , it is unknown whether most of the protein is important for retrotransposition.
in particular , other than the cys motif , the c terminus of the protein has not been intensely examined in the context of retrotransposition.
using evolutionary analysis and the alu retrotransposition assay , we sought to identify additional amino acids in the c terminus important for retrotransposition.
here , we demonstrate that gal4-tagged and untagged c-terminally truncated orf2p fragments possess residual potential to drive alu retrotransposition.
additionally , our data support that orf2p amino acids @number@ and 1250- @date@ be involved in the reported orf1p-mediated increase in orf2p-driven alu retrotransposition.
objectives : it is known that self-reported health ( srh ) declines with increasing age and that comorbidity increases with age.
the hypothesis is that ageing and / or the increased age-related burden of pathology explains the declining srh.
setting : the tromsø study ( ts ) is a cohort study using a survey approach with repeated physical examinations.
it was conducted in the municipality of tromsø , norway , from @number@ to @number@
participants : a total of @number@ @number@ women and @number@ @number@ men participated.
primary and secondary outcome measures : srh is the outcome of interest.
we calculated and compared the effect sizes of age , comorbidity and mental health symptoms using multimediator analysis based on ols regression.
results : ageing had a negative impact on srh , but the total effect of age decreased from @number@ to @number@
the direct effect of age represented @percent@ of the total effect in @number@ and decreased to @percent@ in @number@
physical illness emerged as an increasingly important factor and increased its influence from @percent@ to @percent@ of the total effect.
conclusions : the results suggest that the effect on srh of mental health symptoms caused by physical illness is an increasing public health problem.
here we report the results of those experiments.
however , our efforts to replicate this experiment were confounded because spontaneous regression of tumors occurred in several of the mice.
additionally , the excised tumors were scored for inflammatory cell infiltrates.
furthermore , we observed neutrophilic infiltration was slightly increased in anti-cd47 treated tumors compared to igg control.
finally , we report a meta-analysis of the result.
background : noninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce.
cognitive event-related potentials ( erps ) measure synchronized synaptic neural activity associated with a cognitive event.
loss of synapses is a hallmark of the neuropathology of early alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
scalp electroencephalography , memory accuracy , and reaction times were measured.
results : whereas memory performance separated the ad group from the others , the performance of nc and subjects with amci was similar.
in contrast , left frontal cognitive erp patterns differentiated subjects with amci from nc.
the accuracy of discriminating amci from nc was @percent@ by using left frontal match / nonmatch effect combined with nonmatch reaction time.
background : inflammatory processes play a pivotal role in the degenerative process of alzheimer's disease.
in this study , we investigated whether this functional polymorphism mediates the brain networks in patients with alzheimer's disease.
neurobehavioral scores were used as the major outcome factors for clinical correlations.
the covariance strength showing c-carriers > tt-carriers was the entorhinal-cingulum axis.
depending on the specific c-511 t genotype , different network clusters could predict the cognitive tests.
less often discussed is specifically how end-of-life care can and should be provided , by whom , and with what resources.
one strategy incorporates prisoner volunteers into end-of-life services within a peer-care program.
it was followed by a technical feasibility analysis leading to an iterative process of prototype development , sensor integration , and testing.
background : social network research has become central to studies of health and aging.
its results may yield public health insights that are actionable and improve the quality of life of older adults.
we conducted individual interviews in participants ' homes from @number@ until @number@
only @percent@ of the participants could name @number@ close network members , and @percent@ could name @number@ members.
their network composition was more heavily kin oriented ( @percent@ ) .
relationships with network members differed according to the older adults ' sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
subgroup variations included the likelihood of discussing health-related issues with network members.
conclusion : this study highlights the dynamic nature of social networks in later-life chinese immigrants.
for healthcare practitioners , developing cost-effective strategies that can mobilize social network support remains a critical undertaking in health intervention.
longitudinal studies are needed to examine the causal impact of social networks on various domains of health.
skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly.
sarcopenia is characterized by structural , biochemical , molecular and functional muscle changes.
an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic intracellular signaling pathways and an increase in oxidative stress both play important roles in muscle abnormalities.
we developed a culturing system , based on a papain-aided procedure , for resected adult human brain tissue removed during neurosurgery.
using deep sequencing , we detected over @number@ expressed genes , including hundreds of cell-type-enriched mrnas , lncrnas and pri-mirnas.
we describe cell-type- and patient-specific transcriptional hierarchies.
single-cell transcriptomics on cultured live adult patient derived cells is a prime example of the promise of personalized precision medicine.
because these cells derive from subjects ranging in age into their sixties , this system permits human aging studies previously possible only in rodent systems.
objective : analyze the use of antihypertensives among seniors and the association with socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics.
results : we observed increased proportion of use of antihypertensive , from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ reaching @percent@ in @number@
use of antihypertensives showed positive association with females , higher age group , black skin color , overweight , and smoking history.
objetivo : analisar o uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos em idosos e a associação com características socioeconômicas e comportamentais.
resultados : foi observado aumento da proporção do uso de anti-hipertensivo , de @percent@ em @number@ para @percent@ em @number@ chegando à @percent@ em @number@
o uso de anti-hipertensivos apresentou associação positiva com sexo feminino , maior faixa etária , cor da pele preta , sobrepeso e histórico de tabagismo.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) is an important nerve growth factor linked with development and neural plasticity.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the bdnf val66met polymorphism on memory performance in a sample of elderly adults.
methods : : eighty-seven subjects aged > @number@ years were recruited using a community-based convenience sampling strategy in porto alegre , brazil.
however , we found no significant differences in ivr between the two groups ( p = @number@ ) .
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a considerable health problem worldwide.
it is known to be associated with certain occupational risk factors.
we examined the prevalence rate of oa by occupational cluster.
data were collected from the korea national health and nutrition examination surveys ( 2010-2013 ) .
the total number of unweighted sample size was @number@ participants : @number@ men and @number@ women , and oa prevalence was @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
oa patients were defined as participants with knee / hip joint pain and radiographic change of knee / hip joint.
however , the relationship between oxidative dna damage and age in humans is unclear.
methods : sixty right ventricular outflow myocardial tissue specimens were obtained from ventricular septal defect infant patients during routine congenital cardiac surgery.
each tissue specimen was subjected to dna extraction , rna extraction , and immunofluorescence.
in addition , wheat germ agglutinin-staining indicated that the average size of cardiomyocytes increased with age.
conclusions : oxidative dna damage of cardiomyocytes was not correlated positively with age in human beings.
oxidative dna damage is unable to fully explain the reduced proliferation of human cardiomyocytes.
individuals spent on average @percent@ of daytime at home , @percent@ at work , and @percent@ at school.
we found that the heterogeneous nature of home contacts is critical for an epidemic transmission chain.
monitoring these processes is critical to realistically predict the effects of interventions on infectious diseases dynamics.
however , in many lmics , infectious diseases are still prevalent resulting in a \ "double burden \ " of disease.
with increased life expectancy and longevity with hiv , older adults may particularly be at risk of this double burden.
here we describe the relative contributions of infections and ncds to hospital admissions and mortality , according to age , in malawi's largest hospital.
diagnoses were classified as infections or ncds and analysed according to age and gender.
findings : @number@ records were analysed.
overall , infectious diseases , particularly those associated with hiv , were the leading cause of admission.
however , in adults ≥55 years , ncds were the commonest diagnoses.
in adults < 55 years @percent@ of deaths were due to infections whereas in adults ≥55 years @percent@ of deaths were due to ncds.
hiv was an underlying factor in the majority of adults with infections and was also present in @percent@ of those with ncds.
these findings highlight the need for further health sector shifts to address the double burden of infectious and ncds , particularly in the ageing population.
effective strategies to prevent and treat ad remain elusive despite major efforts to understand its basic biology and clinical pathophysiology.
resveratrol ( rsv ) is well known for its anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties.
however , resveratrol is insoluble in water and has stability issues.
hence , we propose the use of a multifunctional dendrimer to solve the solubility and stability issues of resveratrol.
a dendrimer-resveratrol complex was prepared , optimized and tested for solubility enhancement , stability in solution and cream dosage forms.
we have also developed a high performance liquid chromatography method to measure the resveratrol within the final product.
pamam dendrimers increased the solubility and stability of resveratrol in water and semisolid dosage forms.
additionally , we have shown that the dendrimer helped to increase overall rsv loading and skin penetration of resveratrol.
the dendrimer-rsv formulation was successfully scaled up towards commercialization.
dendrimer with rsv has led to an innovation in anti-aging cream and solutions that could be commercially marketed.
dendrimer-rsv complex could also be added to other product forms for additional purposes and applications.
interactions between neural and muscle cells that contain dysfunctional mitochondria exacerbate sarcopenia.
preventing sarcopenia will require identifying mitochondrial sources of dysfunction that are reversible.
the new concept of social health suggested by huber and colleagues seems helpful to make such a shift.
lysosomal storage disorders ( lds ) comprise a group of rare multisystemic diseases resulting from inherited gene mutations that impair lysosomal homeostasis.
given the systemic nature of enzyme deficiency , we hypothesized that the stem cell compartment of gd and fd patients might be also affected.
education interventions that stimulate complementary feeding practices can improve the nutritional status of children and may protect against future chronic diseases.
fieldworkers blinded to assignment assessed socio-demographic , dietary and anthropometric data during follow-up at ages @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
insulin resistance was highly correlated , however , with increases in bmi between birth and @number@ years of age.
background : meropenem is used for the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections ( lrtis ) caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli.
the latter received meropenem according to a regimen decided by the attending physician.
the sg received individualized meropenem therapy with a dosing strategy based on software developed from a meropenem population pk / pd model.
the primary endpoint was clinical response to meropenem therapy.
secondary endpoints were the amount of antibiotics used and bacteriologic response.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients achieved clinical success.
prevalence of clinical success was significantly higher in the sg than in the cg ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
there were no significant differences between the groups in these parameters.
clinicaltrials.gov registration number nct01944319.
recently , mirnas with functions associated with aging or aging-related diseases have been studied.
in addition , the potential application of mirnas to clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed.
there was evidence that pws and pws + s ingestion promoted greater changes in ree responses.
however , the scores in the pws + s treatment did not exceed pla or pws responses at any data point.
no statistically significant differences were observed among treatments in total bench press lifting volume , leg press lifting volume or wac sprint performance.
the addition of @number@ mg of trial registration : this trial ( nct02952014 ) was retrospectively registered on @date@ .
however , there was no evidence that pws + s promoted greater overall training adaptations compared to the pws group.
however , these effects were similar to pla responses after 8-weeks of supplementation and inclusion of synephrine did not promote additive benefits.
trial registration : this trial ( nct02999581 ) was retrospectively registered on @date@ .
background : reablement is a rehabilitation intervention for community-dwelling older adults , which has recently been implemented in several countries.
its purpose is to improve functional ability in daily occupations ( everyday activities ) perceived as important by the older person.
performance and satisfaction with performance in everyday life are the major outcomes of reablement.
however , the evidence base concerning which factors predict better outcomes and who receives the greatest benefit in reablement is lacking.
in addition , having anxiety / depression was a predictor of poorer copm-p outcomes.
conclusion : the results indicate that diagnosis , functional level , sex and motivation are significant predictors of outcomes following reablement.
background : prevention strategies for pressure ulcer formation remain critical in patients with an advanced illness.
we analyzed factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers in patients hospitalized in a palliative care ward setting.
results : patients were hospitalized for mean of @number@.8±31.4 days ( 1-310 days , median @number@ days ) .
a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died in the ward and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were discharged.
genomic sequencing provides a powerful diagnostic modality for patients who manifest symptoms of monogenic disease and an opportunity to detect health conditions before their development.
however , many technical , clinical , ethical , and societal challenges should be addressed before such technology is widely deployed in pediatric practice.
the aging process is driven at the cellular level by random molecular damage that slowly accumulates with age.
although cells possess mechanisms to repair or remove damage , they are not @percent@ efficient and their efficiency declines with age.
there are many molecular mechanisms involved and exogenous factors such as stress also contribute to the aging process.
as many different mechanisms are involved , a wide range of models have been developed.
we conclude by discussing the opportunities and challenges for future modelling in this field.
how the epidermal microenvironment controls melanomagenesis remains poorly understood.
in this study , we identify an unexpected non-cell autonomous role of epidermal polarity proteins , molecular determinants of cytoarchitecture , in malignant melanoma.
kc-specific par3 loss up-regulates surface p-cadherin that is essential to promote mc proliferation and phenotypic switch toward dedifferentiation.
collectively , our data show that reduced kc par3 function fosters a permissive p-cadherin-dependent niche for mc transformation , invasion , and metastasis.
transforming growth factor β ( tgf-β ) and related ligands have potent effects on an enormous diversity of biological functions in all animals examined.
because of the strong conservation of tgf-β family ligand functions and signaling mechanisms , studies from multiple animal systems have yielded complementary and synergistic insights.
methods : a cohort of @number@ normotensive and @number@ untreated hypertensive participants with baseline abpm was drawn from a community-based survey.
bpv was assessed by the read-to-read average real variability of the 24-hour sbp and dbp ( arvs and arvd , respectively ) .
addition of 24-hour sbp to the arv models only slightly improved variance explained by the models ( r2 = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusions : arvd was associated with fewer hemodynamic variables than to 24-hour sbp.
among those hemodynamic variables wave reflection but not arterial stiffness had the dominant independent association with arv.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly.
with an increasingly aged population worldwide , the need for the prevention of amd is rising.
multiple studies investigating amd with the use of animal models and cell culture have identified oxidative stress-related retinal damage as an important contributing factor.
the areds2 follow-up study , designed to improve upon the earlier formulation , tested the addition of lutein , zeaxanthin , and ω-3 fatty acids.
burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification , including diet.
this review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging and in improving the prognosis in cases of age-related diseases.
methods : a cross-sectional design of finnish caregivers ( n = 1117 ) .
results : three factors were identified ; cronbach's alpha was @number@.83-0.86 for negative impact and @number@.77-0.78 for quality of support , indicating good internal consistency.
the third factor , positive value , was less consistent across the age groups ( α < 0.66 ) .
conclusions : the cope index is a valid and reliable screening tool to measure negative impact and quality of support of caregivers of disabled people.
further research is needed to develop the cope index to more precisely measure positive value of the caregiving process.
we examine the capacity for older adults living in the community to live well with or without chronic disease as they age.
there was increasing proportion of older adults not living well with chronic disease as they aged.
however , it was the state of not living well that reflected the most substantial vulnerability for mortality , not chronic disease.
medical care at the end of life can be expensive , and is an urgent socioeconomic issue for aging societies.
however medical costs of physician-led home visits care have not been well studied.
results : thirty four patients died at home under zaitaku care , and @number@ patients died in the hospital during this period.
the average daily cost of care during the last @number@ days did not differ significantly between the two groups.
for long term care , medical costs for zaitaku care was @percent@ less than for hospitalization at the end of life.
the mode of action of these small molecules has not as yet been fully elucidated at the molecular level.
however , based on all available data , compounds from these classes appear to act on mts in a potentially unique manner.
further characterization of these molecules may have important ramifications for drug discovery , especially in the area of cns diseases.
an innovative clinical model , the dedicated education unit ( deu ) , has been used globally with positive results.
current literature , including a systematic review , is analyzed and rated for quality.
synthesis of findings show the deu clinical model may increase student interest and knowledge of ltc nursing through collaboration with the practicing ltc nurse.
more longitudinal studies are needed to determine the success of the deu model as a long-term solution to this clinical problem.
[ journal of gerontological nursing , @number@ ( @number@ ) , 23-29. ] .
introduction : hyperpigmentation is a primary concern for many cosmetic patients because of its high rate of occurrence and significant impact on perceived age.
comparisons were determined by both physician assessment and subject self-assessment at baseline , @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks.
discussion : physician assessment showed equal or superior average improvement in all measured categories with no statistically significant difference between the two sides.
subject self-assessment , however , showed a significant and growing preference toward the investigated jm product over the course of the study.
overall , the results of this study show the jm product to be equivalent if not superior to @percent@ hydroquinone for results and patient satisfaction.
j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1571-1577.
the authors present a reproducible and effective technique utilizing poly-l-lactic acid for panfacial revolumization.
the variable dilution ratios , reconstitution times , injection techniques and rates of nodule formation with poly-l-lactic acid can be intimidating to even experienced injectors.
j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1550-1556.
this paper aims to review articles related to facial fillers in the periorbital area , forehead , and temple.
anatomy , anatomical changes with aging , techniques of rejuvenation and facial harmonization with fillers are reviewed.
j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1524-1531.
some important recent clinical studies point to new treatments and add to the existing body of research on corneobiology.
@number@ ; 15 ( suppl @number@ ) : s91-94 < / em > .
keratoacanthoma ( ka ) is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma whose development has been linked to excessive sun exposure , immunosuppression , and trauma.
given the rapidly expanding therapeutic armamentarium for anti-aging modalities in dermatology , reports of ka secondary to invasive cosmetic procedures are on the rise.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1453-1455. < / em > .
the bene ts of monotherapy with hydroquinone for melasma and retinoids for photodamaged skin is well established.
by week @number@ signi cant reduction in coarse wrinkles was evident.
for the remaining attribute , coarse wrinkling , approximately @percent@ of the panel showed improvement.
the regimen produced an average of \ "marked improvement \ " in melasma severity ( 51-75% improvement ) .
results of tolerance evaluations documented overall treatment mildness for a majority of the study participants.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1435-1441. < / em > .
study : @number@ healthy female patients ( 40-70 years of age ) were treated with a picosecond pulsed alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens.
all hand subjects and chest subjects showed improvement in all @number@ areas which were found to be statistically signi cant.
no adverse events occurred in either study group.
the laser was well tolerated by all patients with no adverse effects.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1398-1401. < / em > .
in this study , we evaluated the application of the 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array for facial photoaging in chinese.
each subject received a series of four treatment sessions on the right side of the face at two-week intervals.
the left side of the face served as the control side.
adverse events and discomfort associated with the treatment were also assessed.
no changes were observed on the control side.
treatment results improved gradually throughout the treatment program and continued to the two-month follow up.
moderate pain and transient erythema were observed as the two main discomforts associated with the treatment.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1390-1396. < / em > .
for the ssr facial sides subjects followed two morning-evening regimens.
on the nfl sides subjects were treated @number@ times with the 1927-nm laser at 4-week intervals.
results : the ssr and nfl treatments provided comparable results for each skin attribute.
improvement from baseline was signi - cant in both treatment programs for each skin attribute.
the greatest 3-month improvement for both programs was in hyperpigmen- tation.
for global photoaging and ne lines and wrinkles , positive responses were slightly greater in the nfl than in the ssr facial sides.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1366-1372. < / em > .
we sought to clarify the im- mediate effects of heating and understand the thermal and short term clinical difference when using these optics.
results : there were no immediate differences or a signi cant temperature rise with different passing techniques using the at or the fractional optic.
however , after treatments a signi cant temperature elevation over @number@ hours with manageable erythema was noted with the fractional optic.
only faint redness was appreciated with the at optic.
conclusion : the different passing methods with these optics did not result in a significant thermal change.
however , the fractional optic produces a localized area of epidermal necrosis which results in a significant clinical and a delayed thermal effect.
with multiple treatments over time , collagen , elastic tissue , and mucin is produced resulting in improvement of acne scars and photo-damaged skin.
this process suggests that a well-placed epidermal injury can stimulate an inflammatory cascade with dermal remodeling. < em > j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1347-1352. < / em > .
recent appreciation of the multifactorial pathophysiology of skin aging has led to increased use of parallel treatment regimens.
while sst and nafl proved equally safe , sst was associated with signi cantly lower pain scores in all three treatment sessions.
both treatment regimens yielded signi cant improvements in wrinkle / elastosis scores , which were maintained throughout the @number@ months of follow up.
physician-evaluated skin tone and patient ratings of skin texture and overall improvement of the sst-treated side were consistently higher than the contralateral nafl-treated side.
histological analysis suggested a broader effect , alongside sparing of the outermost epidermal layer with the sst versus nafl treatment.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1335-1342. < / em > .
recent developments in fractionated light therapy have allowed for pdt with dark intervals and two-fold illumination schemes to increase cellular damage and apoptosis.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1324-1328. < / em > .
a newly designed insulated microneedle system delivers a signi cant coagulative thermal injury into the dermis while sparing the epidermis from rf injury.
thirty- ve healthy subjects from seven aesthetic practices were evaluated , and data from each were incorporated in this case report.
the subjects received a single treatment using settings that delivered the highest rf energies suggested from the new recommended protocols.
the depth of thermal delivery was adjusted before each pass and all subjects received a minimum of two to three passes to the treated areas.
before and after photographs along with adverse effects were recorded.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1308-1312. < / em > .
given the trend toward safer , less invasive treatments preferred by those patients reticent to undergo more invasive procedures , viable alternatives have been sought.
results : no major adverse events were recorded.
treatment was safe and tolerable for all subjects.
@number@ ; 15 ( @number@ ) : 1302-1305. < / em > .
caha hyperdilution takes advantage of its skin-tightening properties without a volumizing effect.
objective : to evaluate the collagen- and elastin-stimulating effects of diluted caha in subjects with skin laxity in the neck and décolletage.
subjects also received deep subdermal injection of caha ( ~0.1 ml ) of the same dilution in the peri-auricular area for skin biopsy.
biopsy tissue was obtained at baseline , @number@ months , and @number@ months for immunohistochemical evaluation of neocollagenesis.
changes to skin mechanical properties were measured by ultrasound scanning and cutometry.
subject and investigator satisfaction was evaluated using the global aesthetic improvement scale.
immunohistochemical data correlated with improvements in skin elasticity and pliability evaluated by cutometry , and with ultrasound-assessed increases in dermal thickness.
subject and investigator satisfaction was high , and the procedure was well tolerated.
conclusions : injection of diluted caha is very effective for skin tightening of the neck and décolletage. < em > j drugs dermatol.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 68-74. < / em > .
growth factors are a new category of ingredient found in modern cosmeceutical formulations.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 30-34. < / em > .
it typically occurs on areas of chronic uv exposure , including the face , ears , and neck.
results : significant improvements in facial appearance could be observed as early as @number@ weeks , with continued improvement over the duration of the study.
there were no adverse events reported that were related to study product and reports of cutaneous tolerability issues were rare.
@number@ ; 16 ( @number@ ) : 23-28. < / em > .
of the soldiers who were not overweight or obese at accession , @number@ were eventually diagnosed as overweight or obese.
bmi in early adulthood has important implications for cardiometabolic health , even within young , physically active populations.
the aim of this study was to investigate the association of early sub-clinical cognitive decline with cbf.
materials and methods : the study participants were recruited from a cohort of danish men born in @number@
participants underwent supplementary cognitive testing , blood sampling and mri including measurements of regional and global cbf.
results : regional cbf was lower in group b than in group a in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the precuneus.
no influence of group on global cbf was observed.
objectives : this study assesses nonintentional injury deaths of older farmers and the causal agents associated with these fatalities in australia ( 2001-2015 ) .
it also explores approaches based on the hierarchy of risk controls to reduce fatalities and injuries in this cohort.
methods : data on farm-related incidents were sourced from the national coroners information system ( ncis ) for the study period and coded.
rates were calculated and regression analyses completed to assess trends over time.
the annual mean was @number@ cases ( sd = @number@ ) and the average rate 36 / 100 , 000.
trend analysis revealed a nonstatistically significant ( p < @number@ ) increase in cases over the period.
farm vehicles and machinery were responsible for almost two thirds of the fatal cases.
conclusion : nonintentional fatality rates for older farmers have remained relatively unchanged for a significant period in australia.
development of functional limitations , resulting from improper maintenance and restoration of various organ systems , ultimately leads to reduced health and independence.
skeletal muscle is an organ system that , when challenged , is often injured in response to varying stimuli.
purpose : to study binocular and accommodative characteristics and their associations with age and gender in an iranian young adult population.
methods : in this cross-sectional study , multistage cluster sampling was done from the students of mashhad university of medical sciences.
near and distance fusional vergence reserves were measured using prism bar , and near associated phoria was assessed using the mallett unit.
results : the mean age of the participants was @number@.5±4.4 years ( range : 18-35 years ) .
conclusion : studied indices in this study significantly differ from available guidelines and these differences must be considered when making diagnostic or therapeutic decisions.
certain indices can be affected by age and gender.
using independent component analysis network maps derived from normal young subjects to extract all individual functional connectivities provides significant correlations with clinical evaluations.
synaptic dysfunction is a well-documented manifestation in animal models of alzheimer's disease pathology.
in this context , numerous studies have documented reduction in the functionality of synapses in various models.
the present study therefore investigates functional deficiency in the inhibitory system as complementary to the identified alterations in the glutamate excitatory pathway in ad.
we report changes in synaptic function in aged appps1 mice not observable in the younger cohort.
these changes in synaptic function are furthermore accompanied by alteration in the gabaergic neurotransmission.
physical activity ( pa ) and vitamin d are thought to affect colorectal cancer prognosis.
this study aimed to explore the in-depth clinical reasoning of nonoccupational therapists using algo to pinpoint the items leading to disagreements regarding recommendations.
a multiple-case study was conducted with eight nonoccupational therapists trained to use algo and filmed while using it with six standardized clients.
explicitation interviews were conducted for the conflicting recommendations.
identifying the key reasoning skills to develop in algo users has led to three recommendations to enhance standardization with seniors.
urinary incontinence is a widespread problem for women , with stress urinary incontinence ( sui ) being the most common type.
more recent publications , systematic reviews , and meta-analyses were given preference.
the aging population will increase the demand for care of women with sui.
behavioral modifications are considered first line therapy.
for surgical treatment , bulking agents are a minimally invasive option with adequate short term cure rates.
both midurethral slings and pubovaginal slings have reported high rates of short and long term success and patient satisfaction.
retropubic suspension and artificial urinary sphincter are also treatment options in appropriately selected patients.
the ultimate treatment decision will rely on an informed conversation between the physician and patient.
background : pregnancy weight gain is believed to contribute to female overweight and obesity.
however , most studies do not account for the changes in body weight expected to occur as women age.
we examined the long-term weight trajectory of childbearing women relative to weight progression that could be expected in the absence of pregnancy.
we predicted the corresponding aging-progressed weights using a weight-for-age equation adjusted for sociodemographic variables.
nonparametric mixed effects models estimated the average maternal weight trajectory and the corresponding aging-related progression through @number@ years after birth.
conclusion : pregnancy weight gain did not contribute to the aging-related trend , but lifestyle changes of parenthood may later exacerbate the long-term trend.
dna methylation has been acknowledged as one of the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression and genomic functions.
alteration of the dna methylation level has been linked to modification of the disease progression and instability regulation of certain disease-causing repeats in neurodegenerative diseases.
we found that the methylation levels in the atxn3 promoter were significantly higher in sca3 / mjd patients relative to the controls.
in addition , the first cpg island of the atxn3 promoter served as the main regulation region of dna methylation.
mitochondria were first postulated to contribute to aging more than @number@ years ago.
this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the formation of mtdna mutations and their impact on mitochondrial function.
we also critically discuss proposed pathways interlinked with mammalian mtdna mutations and suggest future research strategies to elucidate the role of mtdna mutations in aging.
background the fastest growing segment of the population is those age ≥80 who have the highest stroke incidence.
risk factor management is complicated by polypharmacy-related adverse events.
methods leisure time physical activity was assessed by a validated questionnaire and our primary exposure was physical inactivity ( pi ) .
participants were followed annually for incident stroke.
results the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were ≥80 at enrolment.
pi was common in the cohort ( @percent@ ) .
over a median of @number@ years , we found @number@ strokes.
we found a significant interaction of age ≥80 on the risk of stroke with pi ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion physical inactivity is a treatable risk factor for stroke among those older than age @number@
improving activity may reduce the risk of stroke in this segment of the population.
as this large surgical procedure induces muscle protein loss , a preserved anabolic response to nutrition is warranted for optimal recovery.
this indicates that the acute anabolic potential to conventional feeding is maintained in non-cachectic early stage breast cancer after major surgery.
aim : there have been no previous studies of quality of life ( qol ) in older adults in macao.
this study aimed to examine qol in relation to the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adults aged ≥50 years in macao.
methods : a sample of @number@ subjects ( @number@ living in the community , @number@ living in nursing homes ) was interviewed using standardized instruments.
basic sociodemographic and clinical data including qol were collected.
result : there were no significant differences between the community and nursing home groups in any of the qol domains.
their qol was more strongly related to severe depressive symptoms , major medical conditions , and insomnia.
it is well known that the quantity and quality of physiological sleep changes across age.
however , so far the effect of age on sleep microstructure has been mostly addressed in small samples.
the first author wore an actimeter continuously for more than three decades , starting in @number@ at the age of @number@ years.
until @date@ analysis was performed on a 15-min time base , and subsequently on a 2-min time base.
the timing of night-time sleep was determined from the cessation and re-occurrence of daytime-level activity.
sleep duration declined from an initial @number@ to @number@ h in @number@
the declining trend was reversed upon retirement , whereas the variance of sleep duration declined throughout the recording period.
before retirement , a dominant 7-day rhythm of sleep duration as well as an annual periodicity was revealed by spectral analysis.
these variations were attenuated or vanished during the years after retirement.
we demonstrate the feasibility of continuous long-term motor activity recordings to study age-related variations of the rest-activity cycle.
here we show that the embeddedness in a professional environment imparts a temporal structure to sleep duration.
background : hip fractures are associated with diminished quality of life and survival especially amongst the elderly.
objective : all-cause mortality after hip fracture was investigated to assess its magnitude.
we obtained the effect estimates through a random-effects meta-analysis.
purpose : the quality of drug therapy is an important issue for nursing homes.
methods : this is a cross-sectional study that included @number@ nursing homes across france.
factors associated with excessive polypharmacy ( ≥10 different drugs ) and pims according to the laroche list were studied using multilevel regression models.
according to the laroche list , @percent@ of residents ( n = @number@ ) received at least one pim.
conclusions : this study shows that polypharmacy and pims remain highly prevalent among nursing home residents.
main pims concerned psychotropic and anticholinergic medications.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder.
there is no test for its definitive diagnosis in routine clinical practice.
the hallmarks of an ad brain include plaques comprising of extracellular beta-amyloid ( aβ ) protein aggregates and intracellular hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles of tau.
both these approaches have limitations that are expensive , invasive or time consuming and thus preclude them from screening at-risk population.
recent studies have demonstrated the presence of aβ plaques in the eyes of ad subjects , which is positively associated with their brain aβ burden.
thus ocular biomarkers point to a potential avenue for an earlier , relatively low-cost diagnosis in order for therapeutic interventions to be effective.
finally , we focus on the need to characterize ad-specific retinal aβ to differentiate aβ found in some eye diseases.
background delayed cerebral ischemia ( dci ) is one of the main causes of poor outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
the early identification of dci by noninvasive imaging modalities would provide valuable information of therapeutic intervention for improving the patient outcomes.
material and methods clinical data from @number@ sah patients who underwent surgical clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms were reviewed retrospectively.
99mtc-hmpao spect images were visually and semiquantitatively analyzed on days @number@ and @number@ after sah.
results in all cases , the areas of hypoperfusion were found in the middle cerebral artery territories.
univariate analysis revealed that the hyperperfusion on day @number@ had a significant relationship with functional outcome at @number@ months ( p = 0.04 ) .
background : advanced age is related to left ventricular ( lv ) remodeling.
we sought to investigate the relationships between aging , elevated hemodynamic load , cardiac mechanics , and lv remodeling in an elderly community-based population.
lv global longitudinal strain , global circumferential strain , and torsion indices were analyzed using 3-dimensional echocardiography.
in addition , greater concentricity was associated with decreased global longitudinal strain and greater torsion in multivariable models ( all p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : in an asymptomatic , senescent community-dwelling population , we observed a distinct , sex-specific pattern of cardiac remodeling.
the aim of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of feedback processing in risky dm.
the analysis was focused on the feedback-related negativity ( frn ) and p3 , two erp components that represent different stages of feedback processing.
furthermore , the difference in the p3 amplitude evoked by positive and negative feedback was significantly correlated with age.
therefore , an analysis of consequent repeats of the same experiments in the same biological conditions yields the whole degenerate manifold of possible gompertz parameters.
the best fit parameters in this case turn out to be related by a form of sm correlation.
in fact , the problem persists even beyond the simple gompertz mortality law.
kinetic signals were collected via a force platform under each foot.
changes in ml control strategies over time suggests that fatigue could affect prolonged stooping more so than crouching or standing.
yet , there is little in the literature on the management and outcome of these fractures.
the primary aim of this study was to describe the outcome following open , ankle fragility fracture.
our secondary aim was to identify potential factors that improved outcome.
methods : all consecutive , low energy open ankle fractures treated at a level i trauma centre over a five-year period were included.
the method of fracture fixation , soft tissue closure , patient demographics , complications and mortality were recorded.
functional outcome was assessed using the enneking scoring system.
the one-year mortality was @percent@.
the mean enneking score , measuring functional outcome , was @number@ out of @number@ ( sd : @number@ range : 16-40 ) .
evidence supporting germline mediated epigenetic inheritance of environmentally induced traits has increasingly emerged over the past several years.
complex processes involving gene expression and epigenetic regulation are considered to perpetuate across generations.
despite violating a century-old view in biology , this communication seems to play a role in transmission of environmental effects across generations.
cumulatively , these new observations provide a basis to integrate epigenetic inheritance.
with significant implications in health , disease and ageing , the latter appears poised to revolutionize biology.
the populations of light-demanding trees that dominate the canopy of central african forests are now aging.
here , we show that the lack of regeneration of these populations began ca.
@number@ ya ( around @number@ ) after major anthropogenic disturbances ceased.
since @number@ less itinerancy and disturbance in the forest has occurred because the colonial administrations concentrated people and villages along the primary communication axes.
local populations formerly gardened the forest by creating scattered openings , which were sufficiently large for the establishment of light-demanding trees.
currently , common logging operations do not create suitable openings for the regeneration of these species , whereas deforestation degrades landscapes.
the conclusions of this sobering analysis present challenges to current silvicultural practices and to those of the future.
this study aims to construct an aging score from age-related diseases and to perform longitudinal analyses to examine the association between personal income and aging.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects drawn from a community with @number@ residents in northern taiwan were examined.
personal income and aging-related diseases were measured from the national health insurance database during 1997-2010.
multiple linear regression and stratified analyses were used.
in stratified analyses , moreover , subjects with low personal income tended to have higher aging scores across different anthropometric groups.
the economic inequity causes difference in aging process , which deserves for future interventions.
low-grade , chronic inflammation has been associated with many diseases of aging , but the mechanisms responsible for producing this inflammation remain unclear.
adenine and n historically , the medical subspecialties have not focused on the needs of older adults.
they have engaged several subspecialties , which have followed parallel paths in integrating geriatrics and aging research.
regular exercise is promoted as a therapeutic strategy for age-associated endothelial dysfunction.
improvements in endothelial function are observed with endurance exercise in older men , but are diminished or absent in older women.
the exact nature of pain ( amount or severity ) associated with in depression in the elderly population has not been studied extensively yet.
symptomatic depression was identified a score of @number@ or higher on the 10-item center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale.
the results indicated a significant association between the number of sites and severity of pain and the prevalence of depression in the korean elderly.
noncommunicable diseases have been established as a clear threat , not only to human health but also to the development and economic growth.
claiming @percent@ of all deaths , these diseases are currently the main murderer worldwide.
cognitive training may stimulate neuroplasticity thereby increasing cognitive and brain reserve.
we searched pubmed , google scholar and each program's website for relevant studies reporting the effects of computerized cognitive training on cognitively healthy older adults.
programs with clinical studies were subsequently classified as possessing level i , ii or iii evidence.
out of @number@ identified programs , @number@ programs were investigated in @number@ studies including follow-ups.
two programs were identified as possessing level i evidence , three programs demonstrated level ii evidence and an additional two programs demonstrated level iii evidence.
overall , studies showed generally high methodological quality ( average pedro score = @number@ ) .
floor-sitting is culturally relevant to the indian context.
for inter-rater reliability of the fmap , two raters analyzed the performance of a random sample of @number@ participants.
an almost perfect inter-rater agreeability ( κ ≥ @number@ ) was obtained for the fmap.
cross-legged sitting was the most preferred ( @percent@ ) floor-sitting position.
the activity facilitated the use of optimal movement strategies in young and older adults.
the activity significantly increased time taken to rise from floor-sitting ( p = @number@ ) .
the study establishes the influence of age and activity on performance of floor-sitting.
older adults use lower developmental movement patterns that may be a \ "normal \ " adaptation to age-related sensorimotor changes.
reduced physical activity levels and exercise intolerance increase muscle loss and decrease quality of life in both the aging and heart failure populations.
the available data on the effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia in different patient groups are heterogeneous.
india , along with the rest of the world , is aging rapidly , but more so.
polypharmacy is growing in canada , along with adverse drug events and drug-related costs.
caden will deploy multiple levels of action across multiple stakeholder groups simultaneously in an ecological approach to health system change.
caden proposes a unique model that might be applied both in national settings and for different transformational challenges in health care.
specimens were evaluated at @number@ h , after application of the surface sealant fortify plus , and after thermocycling.
data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance ( anova ) and a posthoc bonferroni test ( p < 0.05 ) .
surface roughness values of g aenial posterior and filtek ultimate universal restorative increased significantly after surface sealant application.
loss of photoreceptors is a common endpoint in degenerative retinal diseases.
transplanted cells are able to differentiate into mature photoreceptors expressing various opsins and can functionally integrate into congenitally blind mice.
background : same day discharge after pci is becoming more and more appealing and patient's selection criteria are being formulated.
methods : a retrospective analysis was performed in all pci procedures from @date@ until @date@ .
patients were discharged the same day ( sdd group ) or had at least one overnight stay ( non-sdd group ) .
the decision of sdd or not was on treating physician discretion.
we evaluated predictors of sdd decision by a logistic regression analysis.
conclusion : in retrospect , both procedural and demographic details play a crucial role in patient selection for same day discharge post coronary percutaneous intervention.
progressive neurovasculopathy in children with sickle cell disease ( scd ) results in decreased cognitive function and quality of life ( qol ) .
hematopoietic cell transplantation ( hct ) is believed to halt progression of neurovasculopathy.
patients were divided into wmh severity tertiles based on pretransplantation wmh volumes.
mri and wmh were assessed @number@ to @number@ years after hct.
mri / mra and wmh volume were stable or slightly better in @number@ of @number@ patients.
by parent- and self-report , post-hct qol improved for children in the lowest wmh tertile significantly more than in the other groups.
little is known about whether this impairment arises early or late in the time course between healthy aging and ad.
we also used a divided attention condition in older adults as a possible model for the deficits observed in mci patients.
dividing attention during encoding disproportionately reduced memory for backgrounds ( versus items ) relative to a full attention condition.
participants performing in the lower half on the divided attention task qualitatively and quantitatively mirrored the results in mci patients.
exploratory analyses comparing lower- and higher-performing mci patients showed that only higher-performing mci patients had the characteristic scene memory pattern observed in healthy older adults.
physical activity has been shown to ameliorate dopaminergic degeneration in non-human animal models.
however , the effects of regular physical activity on normal age-related changes in dopamine function in humans are unknown.
empirical evidence of the limits of the rationalistic models are presented next.
i close the paper by discussing the implications for aging research.
the present work explores the application of information theoretical measures , such as entropy and normalized mutual information , for research of biomarkers of aging.
here we illustrate those capabilities utilizing a dataset on heart disease , including diagnostic parameters routinely available to physicians.
the present data illustrated that younger subjects suffering from heart disease showed characteristics of people of higher age ( higher physiological age ) .
however , 24-h measurements may be variable due to critical illness related factors and a circadian rhythm could be present.
no evident circadian rhythm was present.
the pattern and overall 24-h level of whole body protein balance differed per individual.
this should be kept in mind when performing stable isotope studies in this population.
there was no apparent circadian rhythm.
clinical trial register : nct01511354 on clinicaltrials.gov.
information seeking was assessed with the use of an item asking caregivers if they ever looked for caregiving-related information.
results : out of @number@ caregivers interviewed , @percent@ reported helping to keep track of care recipients ' medications and @percent@ assisting with injecting medications.
approximately @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of caregivers reported seeking information to help them care for their care recipients.
caregivers sought information primarily on their own either through online resources or asking friends or relatives ( @percent@ ) .
sixty-four percent also sought information from medical providers or social workers.
caregivers helping with injecting medications were less likely to seek information ( odds ratio @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
the lack of validation studies of previous results prompted us to replicate this finding in a comprehensive series of patients and controls.
we applied droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in csf specimens from @number@ patients representing the ad spectrum and @number@ neurologically healthy controls.
we found a wide range of mtdna copies , which resulted in a high degree of overlap between groups.
mtdna was highly stable with low analytical variability.
in conclusion , mtdna levels in csf show a high interindividual variability , with great overlap within phenotypes and presents low sensitivity for ad.
microrna-132 is markedly downregulated in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and related tauopathies , and its levels are closely associated with tau pathology in ad.
whether and how mir-132 contributes to pathology in these neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear.
this , in turn , increases tau phosphorylation at disease associated ser396 , ser404 , and ser202 sites , and impairs neural viability.
there is marked variability in both onset and rate of episodic-memory decline in aging.
structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the extent of age-related brain changes varies markedly across individuals.
past studies of whether regional atrophy accounts for episodic-memory decline in aging have yielded inconclusive findings.
here we related 15-year changes in episodic memory to 4-year changes in cortical and subcortical gray matter volume and in white-matter connectivity and lesions.
significant negative change over time was observed for all cognitive and brain measures.
a robust brain-cognition change-change association was observed for episodic-memory decline and atrophy in the hippocampus.
thus , these longitudinal findings highlight medial-temporal lobe system integrity as particularly crucial for maintaining episodic-memory functioning in older age.
objective : the self-management of well-being ( smw ) group intervention for older women was implemented in health and social care.
our aim was to assess whether effects of the smw intervention were comparable with the original randomized controlled trial ( rct ) .
furthermore , we investigated threats to effectiveness , such as participant adherence , group reached , and program fidelity.
methods : in the implementation study ( imp ) @number@ and rct @number@ women participated.
we compared scores on self-management ability and well-being of the imp and rct.
for adherence , drop-out rates and session attendance were compared.
regarding reach , we compared participants ' baseline characteristics.
professionals completed questions regarding program fidelity.
results : no significant differences were found on effect outcomes and adherence between imp and rct ( all p≥0.135 ) .
intervention effect sizes were equal ( @number@.47-0.59 ) .
imp participants were significantly less lonely and more likely to be married , but had lower well-being.
most professionals followed the protocol , with only minimal deviations.
practice implications : the smw group intervention can be transferred to health and social care without loss of effectiveness.
implementation at a larger scale is warranted.
introduction : dna methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism in brain aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the newly discovered 5-hydroxymethylcytosine mediates dna demethylation , is highly abundant in the brain , and is dynamically regulated by life experiences.
however , little is known about its genome-wide patterns and potential role in ad.
results : we identified @number@ dhmrs significantly associated with neuritic plaques and @number@ dhmrs associated with neurofibrillary tangles.
dna hydroxymethylation in gene bodies was predominantly positively correlated with cis-acting gene expression.
moreover , genes showing differential hydroxymethylation were significantly enriched in neurobiological processes and clustered in functional gene ontology categories.
discussion : our results reveal a critical role of dna hydroxymethylation in ad pathology and provide mechanistic insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ad.
sod1 , tardbp , optn , tbk1 , and nek1 were sequenced in @number@ cases and @number@ controls.
loss-of-function variants were found in tbk1 in @number@ cases and no controls and , separately , in nek1 in @number@ cases and no controls.
our study examined the relationship between habitual high levels of vigorous physical activity on large and small artery compliance via radial artery pulse wave analysis.
this study suggests that aging may be associated with declines in large and small artery compliance that can be attenuated by habitual vigorous activity.
the conventional thinking was that hsc aging could not be reverted by therapeutic intervention.
this paradigm has started to shift dramatically , primarily because hallmarks of aged hscs have been successfully reverted by distinct experimental approaches by multiple laboratories.
cancer results from multistep pathogenesis , yet the pre-malignant states that precede the development of many hematologic malignancies have been difficult to identify.
these somatic mutations drive the expansion from a single founding cell to a detectable hematopoietic clone.
indeed , clonal hematopoiesis is associated not only with increased risk of hematologic malignancy , but also with cardiovascular disease and overall mortality.
here we review rapid advances in the genetic understanding of clonal hematopoiesis and nascent evidence implicating clonal hematopoiesis in malignant and non-malignant age-related disease.
aging has a broad impact on the function of the human hematopoietic system.
this review will focus primarily on the effect of aging on the human hematopoietic stem cell ( hsc ) population.
with age , even though human hscs increase in number , they have decreased self-renewal capacity and reconstitution potential upon transplantation.
as a population , human hscs become more myeloid-biased in their differentiation potential.
this is likely due to the human hsc population becoming more clonal with age , selecting for myeloid-biased hsc clones.
the selection of these aged human hsc clones may be in part due to changes in the aging bone marrow microenvironment.
these changes in t- and b-cell composition and function are core manifestations of immune aging.
the hematopoietic system has the remarkable ability to provide a lifelong supply of mature cells that make up the entire blood and immune system.
however , similar to other adult stem cell niches , the hematopoietic system is vulnerable to the detrimental effects of aging.
this is a substantial health concern as the trend for population aging continues to increase.
identifying mechanisms that underlie hematopoietic aging is vital for understanding hematopoietic-related diseases.
in this review , we first discuss the cellular hierarchy of the hematopoietic system and the components that make up the surrounding hematopoietic niche.
we end by discussing the exciting new concept of possibly reversing the hsc aging process along with outstanding questions that remain to be answered.
to achieve a lifespan beyond the longevity of individual cell types , tissue-specific stem cells sustain these tissues throughout the life of a human.
for example , the lifespan of erythrocytes is about @number@ days and adults make about two million new erythrocytes every second.
a small pool of hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) in the bone marrow is responsible for the lifetime maintenance of these populations.
however , there are changes that occur within the hsc pool during aging.
biologically , these changes manifest as blunted immune responses , decreased bone marrow cellularity , and increased risk of myeloid diseases.
understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction of aging hscs is an important focus of biomedical research.
with advances in modern health care , the average age of the general population is ever increasing.
dna damage accumulation has been widely associated with aging in differentiated cell types.
background : global population aging will result in increasing rates of cognitive decline and dementia.
thus , effective , low-cost , and low side-effect interventions for the treatment and prevention of cognitive decline are urgently needed.
our study is the first to investigate the effects of kundalini yoga ( ky ) training on mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
results : at baseline , @number@ participants had no significant baseline group differences in clinical or demographic characteristics.
only the ky group showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms and resilience at week @number@
conclusion : ky group showed short- and long-term improvements in executive functioning as compared to met , and broader effects on depressed mood and resilience.
this observation should be confirmed in future clinical trials of yoga intervention for treatment and prevention of cognitive decline ( nct01983930 ) .
in particular , h oxidative stress alters physiological function in most biological tissues and can lead to cell death.
despite these implications , the molecular regulation of rpe oxidative stress under normal and pathological conditions remains largely unknown.
a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in regulating rpe and photoreceptors oxidative stress response is greatly needed.
young ( @number@ months ) and aged ( @number@ months ) dj-1 knockout ( dj-1 ko ) and age-matched wild-type mice were examined.
in both group of aged mice , scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ( slo ) showed the presence of a few autofluorescent foci.
the @number@ month-old dj-1 ko retinas were also characterized by a noticeable increase in rpe fluorescence to wild-type.
optical coherence tomography ( oct ) imaging demonstrated that all retinal layers were present in the eyes of both dj-1 ko groups.
erg comparisons showed that older dj-1 ko mice had reduced sensitivity under dark- and light-adapted conditions compared to age-matched control.
histologically , the rpe contained prominent vacuoles in young dj-1 ko group with the appearance of enlarged irregularly shaped rpe cells in the older group.
these were also evident in oct and in whole mount rpe / choroid preparations labeled with phalloidin.
photoreceptors in the older dj-1 ko mice displayed decreased immunoreactivity to rhodopsin and localized reduction in cone markers compared to the wild-type control group.
these results demonstrate that dj-1 ko mice display progressive signs of retinal / rpe degeneration in association with higher levels of oxidative stress markers.
collectively this analysis indicates that dj-1 plays an important role in protecting photoreceptors and rpe from oxidative damage during aging.
neurosci biobehav rev xxx-xxx , @number@.- childhood adversity is among the most potent risk factors for developing mood and anxiety disorders later in life.
therefore , understanding how stress during childhood shapes and rewires the brain may optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
to this end , animal models of stress exposure in rodents during their post-weaning and pre-pubertal life phase have been developed.
while many regionally diverse molecular and electrophysiological changes are observed , not all of them correlate with juvenile stress-induced behavioral disturbances.
it rather seems that certain juvenile stress-induced alterations reflect the system's attempts to maintain homeostasis and thus promote stress resilience.
lens epithelial cell apoptosis is regarded as the common molecular basis of the initiation and subsequent progression of cataract.
moreover , we revealed that the down regulation of the gja3 gene was associated with h2o2-induced lens epithelial cells apoptosis.
over-expression of gja3 gene restrained the lens epithelial cells apoptosis induced by h2o2.
the in vivo results indicated that down-regulation of gja3 in lens epithelial cells was associated with age-related cataract genesis.
data from this study established the association of gja3 down regulation with lens epithelial cells apoptosis and age-related cataract genesis.
nafld increases the risk for cholesterol gallstone disease by unclear mechanisms.
we studied the relationship between hif1a and gallstone formation associated with liver steatosis.
livers and biliary tissues were analyzed by histology , quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction , immunohistochemistry , and immunoblots.
we measured concentrations of bile acid , cholesterol , and phospholipid in bile and rates of bile flow.
primary hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were isolated and analyzed.
hif1a was knocked down in hepa1-6 cells with small interfering rnas.
liver biopsy samples from patients with nafld , with or without gallstones , were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
only @percent@ of the ih-hifko mice developed cholesterol gallstones.
in ih-hifko mice , the biliary lipid concentration was reduced by @percent@ , compared with control mice , and bile flow was increased by @percent@.
we observed increased water secretion from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi to mediate these effects , resulting in suppression of cholelithogenesis.
hepatic expression of aquaporin @number@ ( aqp8 ) protein was @number@.5-fold higher in ih-hifko mice than in control mice.
this promotes cholesterol gallstone formation.
livers from patients with nafld and gallstones express higher levels of hif1a than livers from patients with nafld without gallstones.
from the @number@ species identified , @number@ were distinguished in the fl20 , @number@ in ol20 , @number@ in fl82 and @number@ in ol82.
the present findings are of major value for further clinical studies carried out using orbitrap ms in order to correlate gangliosides with cns disorders.
posttranslational protein modifications are playing crucial roles in essential cellular mechanisms.
sumoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification of specific target proteins by the attachment of a small ubiquitin-like protein.
although the mechanism of conjugation of sumo to proteins is analogous to ubiquitination , it requires its own , specific set of enzymes.
the consequences of sumoylation are widely variable , depending on the physiological state of the cell and the attached sumo isoform.
accumulating recent findings have revealed a prominent role of sumoylation in molecular pathways that govern senescence and ageing.
acquisition of the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria was a critical event in eukaryote evolution.
mitochondria offered an unparalleled source of metabolic energy through oxidative phosphorylation and allowed the development of multicellular life.
hence , the ' contract of endosymbiosis ' represents a compromise between the possibilities and perils of multicellular life.
this important property makes ucps an ancient partner in the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells.
efforts are underway to explore the therapeutic opportunities stemming from the intriguing relationship of ucps and cancer.
this article is part of a special issue entitled mitochondria in cancer , edited by giuseppe gasparre , rodrigue rossignol and pierre sonveaux.
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is an increasingly recognized comorbidity that can both accelerate tb disease and complicate its treatment.
two authors will independently collect detailed information using structured data abstraction form.
thus , undertaking integrated multifaceted approach is remarkably necessary for reducing the burden of dm and successful tb treatment outcome.
systematic review registration : prospero crd42016045692 .
the objective of this study , therefore , was to estimate the economic burden of family caregiving for the elderly in southern ghana.
a simple random sample of @number@ respondents representative of the support group members completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
costs were assessed over a 1-month period.
intangible costs were assessed using the 12-item zarit burden interview ( zbi ) tool and the financial cost dimension of the cost of care index.
results : the estimated average cost of caregiving per month was us $ 186.18 , @percent@ of which was direct cost.
further , about @percent@ of the family caregivers reported a high level of financial stress as a result of caregiving for their elderly relative.
nuclear pore complexes ( npcs ) , are large multiprotein channels that penetrate the nuclear envelope connecting the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
here , we will describe the recent findings about the role of these structures in the regulation of gene expression.
this limitation has by many experts been attributed to limitations in cognitive resources.
nearly all studies of dual task performance in pd employ walking or balance-based motor tasks , which are commonly impaired in pd.
these tasks can be performed using a combination of one or two executive function tasks.
persons with pd exhibited impairments compared to healthy participants in select tasks ( i.e. , 0-back , 2-back and operation span ) .
only one measure , 2-back , showed a speed-accuracy trade-off in the dual task.
hepatocyte transplantation is an alternative to whole liver transplantation.
yet , efficient liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes is low in livers of old animals.
this restraint might be because of the poor proliferative capacity of aged donor hepatocytes or the regenerative impairment of the recipient livers.
the age-dependent liver repopulation by transplanted wild-type hepatocytes was investigated in juvenile and senescent rats deficient in dipeptidyl-peptidase iv.
repopulation was quantified by flow cytometry and histochemical estimation of dipeptidyl-peptidase iv enzyme activity of donor cells in the negative host liver.
as a potential pathway involved , expression of cell cycle proteins was assessed.
irrespective of the age of the donor hepatocytes , large cell clusters appeared in juvenile , but only small clusters in senescent host livers.
because juvenile and senescent donor hepatocytes were likewise functional , host-derived factor ( s ) impaired senescent host liver repopulation.
growth hormone levels were significantly higher in juvenile than in senescent rats , suggesting that growth hormone might promote host liver repopulation.
short-term growth hormone substitution might improve liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes , thus augmenting the therapeutic benefit of clinical hepatocyte transplantation in older patients.
epigenetic drift and age-related methylation have both been used in the literature to describe changes in dna methylation that occurs with aging.
results : depression groups displayed different patterns and levels of health care engagement.
the diag-sympt group displayed the highest \ "difficulty in adhering to treatments. \ "
diag-nosympt group displayed the lowest \ "not using preventive care. \ "
the nodiag-sympt group reported the highest \ "not using preventive care \ " and \ "not seeking care when needed. \ "
the nodiag-nosympt group had the lowest \ "not seeking care when needed \ " and \ "difficulty in adhering to treatments. \ "
implications : depression diagnosis and symptomatology are jointly associated with health care engagement among lgbt older adults.
interventions aiming to promote health care engagement among this population should simultaneously consider both depression diagnosis and symptomatology.
although drinking tends to decline with age in the general population , we know little about lgb older adults ' drinking.
multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of past-month high-risk alcohol consumption.
prevention and intervention with this population should take into account gender differences and sexual minority-specific risk factors.
with future waves of data , we will be able to examine lgb older adults ' drinking trajectories over time.
latent profile analyses were conducted to identify clusters of social network ties based on @number@ indicators.
multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association between social network types and mental health.
results : we found five social network types.
the friend-centered / restricted ( @percent@ ) and diverse / no children network types ( @percent@ ) were the most prevalent.
the least prevalent type was the fully restricted network type ( @percent@ ) .
implications : unique social network types ( diverse / no children and friend-centered / restricted ) emerge among lgbt older adults.
moreover , individuals with fully restricted social networks are at particular risk due to heightened health needs and limited social resources.
this study highlights the importance of understanding heterogeneous social relations and developing tailored interventions to promote social connectedness and mental health in lgbt older adults.
results : identity affirmation positively predicted social resources and mental health , and social resources positively predicted mental health.
mental health was associated with better health behaviors , which in turn predicted positive physical health outcomes.
implications : although a health disparate population , good health among lgbt older adults appears to be attained via multiple resilience and risk pathways.
in this article , we examine relationships between prior military service , identity stigma , and mental health among transgender older adults.
results : identity stigma was significantly related with higher depressive symptomatology and lower psychological hrqol.
having a history of prior military service significantly predicted lower depressive symptomatology and higher psychological hrqol.
the relationships between psychological hrqol , identity stigma , and prior military service were largely explained by depressive symptomatology.
prior military service significantly attenuated the relationship between identity stigma and depressive symptomatology.
directions for future research are discussed.
results : we found @percent@ were legally married , and @percent@ unmarried partnered ; one-half were single.
those single reported poorer health and fewer resources than legally married and unmarried partnered.
among women , being legally married was associated with more lgbt microaggressions.
purpose of the study : adults with hiv infection are living into old age.
it is critical we investigate positive constructs such as resilience and mastery to determine factors associated with psychological well-being.
results : resilience and mastery were independently associated with psychological health-related quality of life.
in multivariate analysis , adjusting for demographic characteristics , previous diagnosis of depression was negatively associated with resilience.
time since hiv diagnosis was positively associated with mastery whereas victimization was negatively associated with mastery.
social support and community engagement were positively associated with both resilience and mastery.
implications : individual and structural-environmental characteristics contributed to resilience and mastery.
these findings can be used to develop interventions incorporating an increased understanding of factors that are associated with both resilience and mastery.
design and methods : we utilized weighted survey data from aging with pride : national health , aging , and sexuality / gender study.
african americans had higher lifetime lgbt-related discrimination , which was linked to a decrease in their physical and psychological hrqol.
african americans and hispanics had higher spirituality , which was associated with an increase in psychological hrqol.
purpose of the study : life events are associated with the health and well-being of older adults.
using latent profile analysis ( lpa ) , clusters of life events were identified and associations between life event clusters were tested.
results : on average , lgbt older adults first disclosed their identities in their 20s ; many experienced job-related discrimination.
more had been in opposite-sex marriage than in same-sex marriage.
implications : historical and environmental contexts frame normative and non-normative life events.
although persistent pain predicts similar risk , it is seldom considered in frailty measurement.
this article evaluated the construct and predictive validity of including persistent pain in phenotypic frailty measurement.
methods : frailty and persistent pain were operationalized using data from the health and retirement study ( 2006-2012 waves ) .
results : in latent class models , persistent pain occurred with other frailty components in patterns consistent with a medical syndrome.
conclusions : findings support consideration of persistent pain as a component of the frailty phenotype.
persistent pain assessment may provide an expedient method to enhance frailty measurement and improve prediction of adverse outcomes.
yet most human aging research examines older adults , many with chronic disease , and little is known about aging in healthy young humans.
this article puts forward a research agenda to fill the knowledge gap concerning lifelong causes of aging.
sunitinib is an antiangiogenic therapy given as a first-line treatment for renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) .
while treatment improves progression-free survival , most patients relapse.
correspondingly , partially distinct distributions of autoradiographic labelling of alzheimer's disease slices with 11c-pbb3 and 18f-av-1451 were noted.
this was in line with moderate 11c-pbb3 versus faint 18f-av-1451 autoradiographic labelling of these tissues.
our data indicate distinct selectivity of pbb3 compared to av-1451 for diverse tau fibril strains.
this highlights the more robust ability of pbb3 to capture wide-range tau pathologies.
purpose : white matter development during childhood and adolescence is characterised by increasing white matter coherence and organisation.
an roc analysis was also performed to assess the ability of each metric to classify older and younger participants.
importantly , ndi is more sensitive to such developmental changes compared to commonly used dti metrics.
this knowledge provides justification for implementing noddi metrics in developmental studies.
these results suggest that positive childhood experiences are associated with ideal cardiovascular health in midlife.
hericium erinaceus ( bull. )
however , the events which lead to the induction of chronoinflammaging in ad are yet to be clarified.
it has been proposed that the recognition of endogenous ligands by pathogen recognition receptors ( prrs ) may be involved in the induction of chronoinflammaging.
toll like receptors ( tlrs ) are a family of prrs which recognize endogenous damage associated molecular patterns ( damps ) and subsequently induce inflammation.
therefore , tlrs are worthy of investigation to elucidate their roles in chronoinflammaging associated ad.
this review article explores the main roles played by tlr2 in the pathogenesis of chronoinflammaging in patients suffering from ad.
background : locomotive disorders are one of the main causative pathologies for the condition requiring assistance on activities of daily living ( adl ) .
motor function was assessed by one-leg standing time with eyes open , leg extension power and grip power.
we assessed adl disability using the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale ( glfs-25 ) , and psychological concerns by three self-reported questions.
we constructed two models and tested fitness of the models to the data using a structural equation modeling ( sem ) .
these fit indices indicated a good fit of the model @number@ and inadequate fit of model @number@ to the data.
conclusion : decline of motor function contributed toward psychological concerns via adl disability in elderly people with locomotive disorders.
methods and procedures : twenty young children with disabilities , aged 1-3 years , were recruited.
the control group ( n = 10 ) received conventional therapy alone.
assessments included the chinese version of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory and the parenting stress index.
future studies should include a larger sample size to detect any differences between roc training and conventional therapy.
results : vd was reported in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients while cp was detected in @percent@ patients.
adding cp to the vd definition leaded to higher vd prevalence ( @percent@ ) .
during a median [ iqr ] follow-up time of 36months , @number@ ( @percent@ ) stroke / tia events were recorded.
pocket size imaging device ( psid ) has a potential value as a screening tool , because of its possible use in several clinical settings.
methods : consecutive patients , referring for a cv assessment in a @number@ months period , were screened.
aa was visualized by subcostal view in longitudinal and transverse plans in order to determine the greatest anterior-posterior diameter.
after excluding @number@ patients with aa aneurysm , @number@ outpatients were enrolled.
standard echocardiography operators were blinded on psid exam and viceversa.
aa was larger in patients with coronary artery disease ( cad ) ( p < @number@ ) .
aa diameter is greater in men and strongly influenced by aging and overweight.
cad may be also associated to increased aa diameter.
background : community-dwelling consumers of healthcare are increasing , many aging with life-limiting conditions and deteriorating cognition.
however , few have had advance care planning discussions or completed documentation to ensure future care preferences are acted upon.
data was analysed using an inductive and comparative approach.
sampling was both convenience and purposive.
results : eight focus groups were attended by a homogenous sample of @number@ older people and @number@ offspring / caregivers , with @percent@ born overseas.
advance care planning was supported and welcomed , x advance care planning literacy was evident.
difficulties planning for hypothetical health events and socio-cultural attitudes thwarting death-related discussions were emphasised.
occasional offspring / caregivers with previous substitute decision maker experience reported distress related to their decisions.
this contrasts with how community dwelling older people and offspring / caregivers conceive future care decisions over time.
development and integration of strategies to support older people's decision-making when in the ' grey zone' , with fluctuating cognitive capacities , needs further consideration.
findings support an advance care planning model with conversations occurring at key points across a person's lifespan.
background : around @percent@ of the population will experience herpes zoster ( hz ) , @percent@ of whom develop postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) .
together , these illnesses produce a significant economic burden to the healthcare system.
conclusion : a significant increase in annual number of hz cases was observed , driven largely by demographic factors.
a @percent@ increase in the aa-incidence reveals changes in hz rates beyond those expected by population shifts.
however , the decrease in hospitalization rates slowed over the last half of the study , settling at @percent@ in the last @number@ study years.
the likely future of hz burden is one of rising costs , primarily driven by the demographic shifts of an increasing and aging population.
the analysis examined the effect of adl hierarchy scale , cps , joint motion and comorbidities on ui.
women ≥65 years were included ( n = @number@ @date@ to @date@ ) at the time of admission to a nursing home.
statistical analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.
for cps , the or for ui from \ "borderline intact \ " to \ "very severe impairment \ " was @number@ - @number@
conclusion : the study indicated that impairment in adl performance is strongly associated with ui , more than cps performance and comorbidities.
multiple factors are proposed to influence food intake , yet our understanding of these diverse factors and their interactions are limited.
data were collected from @number@ participants residing in @number@ ltc homes in four canadian provinces by trained researchers.
function , cognition , depression and pain were assessed using interrai ltcf with selected items completed by researchers with care staff.
care staff completed a standardized person-directed care questionnaire.
researchers assessed dining rooms for physical and psychosocial aspects that could influence food intake.
proportions of residents at risk of inadequate diets will also be determined.
identification of factors that are independently associated with food intake will help to develop effective interventions that support food intake.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov id : nct02800291 , retrospectively registered @date@ .
recent years of scientific research have brought up different theories that attempt to explain the aging process.
so far , there is no single theory that fully explains all facets of aging.
the damage accumulation theory is one of the most accepted theories due to the large body of evidence found over the years.
damage accumulation is thought to be driven , among others , by oxidative stress.
if oxidative stress persists , cellular senescence is a likely outcome and an important hallmark of aging.
therefore , it becomes crucial to understand how senescent cells function and how they contribute to the aging process.
lamin a is a nuclear intermediate filament protein with important structural and regulatory roles in most differentiated mammalian cells.
excessive accumulation of its precursor prelamin a or the mutant form called ' progerin ' causes premature aging syndromes.
this knowledge is essential for developing effective therapies to treat progeria and may help identify new mechanisms underlying normal aging.
objective : to estimate the incidence of psychotic symptoms in alzheimer's disease.
psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease behavioral rating scale every @number@ months.
one- , 3- and 5-year cumulative incidences of psychosis were calculated.
psychosis incidence was related to cognitive status at all time points.
however , the incidence rate reached a plateau during the disease course.
conclusions : psychosis in alzheimer's disease has been associated with a number of adverse clinical outcomes.
we provide estimates of the risk of psychosis onset within clinically defined subgroups of individuals , a tool clinicians can use in treatment planning.
most childhood cancer survivors need life-long care with specialized late-effects surveillance and screening.
as these children age into adulthood , it is imperative to continue their survivor-focused care.
to do so , health care systems must be prepared to care for this growing and aging population.
informal caregivers play an increasingly important role in caring for aging americans.
this article examines policy makers ' success at updating seven major policies to address caregiver needs.
it draws on an original data set of legislation in this area introduced between @number@ and @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
for over four decades , the program of all-inclusive care for the elderly ( pace ) has been operated by nonprofit organizations.
research has demonstrated that nonprofit pace provides quality , cost-effective community-based care to older adults who would otherwise require a nursing home level of care.
in @number@ a study was conducted to evaluate how pace operates under for-profit versus nonprofit status.
the results were presented to congress which , in turn , authorized for-profit pace providers.
there have been a few descriptive studies in aged rodents about transcriptome changes in the hippocampus , most of them in males.
old rats displayed significant deficits in spatial memory.
in the hippocampus , there was a dramatic reduction in neurogenesis , whereas reactive microglial infiltrates revealed an inflammatory hippocampal state in the senile rats.
hippocampal rna-sequencing showed that @number@ genes are differentially expressed in the senile rats , most of them being downregulated.
enrichment analysis showed that the pathways overrepresented in the senile rats matched those of an exacerbated inflammatory environment , reinforcing our morphologic findings.
we conclude that age-related hippocampal deficits in female rats share commonalities between human and rodents.
however , the particular mechanisms by which memory impairment occurs in lld are currently unknown.
the extent of the latter increase was correlated with symptom severity.
these results shed light on a novel mechanistic account for amygdala-hippocampal network changes and concurrent alterations in emotional episodic memory in lld.
the impact of adult bone traits on changes in bone structure and mass during aging is not well understood.
we analyzed hip dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry images acquired longitudinally over @number@ years for @number@ midlife women transitioning through menopause.
sixty-eight subjects were selected from the osteoarthritis initiative ( oai ) control and incidence cohorts.
decision-making for these particularly vulnerable patients is a common and vexing concern for healthcare providers and hospital ethics committees.
interviews found that all participants encountered adults who are incapacitated and without surrogates.
tendon-derived stem cells ( tdscs ) are multipotent adult stem cells with potential applications in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair.
however , cellular characteristics change during in vitro passaging.
therefore , elucidation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tendon aging will be essential for the development of tdsc-based therapies.
tgfβ2 was found to downregulate the expression of the cited2 gene and knockdown of cited2 abolished the effect of tgfβ2 on tdsc proliferation and senescence.
our findings may aid the development of cell-based therapies for tendon repair.
we and others have previously shown that testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) results in sustained weight loss in the majority of middle-aged hypogonadal men.
previously , however , a small proportion failed to lose at least @percent@ of their baseline weight.
the reason for this is not yet understood.
methods : thirty ( @number@ ) apparently healthy men and newly diagnosed bph patients were recruited from the ghana police hospital.
non-parametric analyses were employed. p < @number@ was considered significant.
results : aed was significantly higher in controls compared to the bph patients.
estradiol was significantly higher in bph ( p = @number@ ) .
age correlated negatively with t , while a negative correlation was observed between tipss and 3β-diol and akric1.
also , prostate volume correlated negatively with ft.tpsa correlated positively with e2 and aromatase activity ( e2 / t ) and negatively with ft.
on multiple linear regression , dht and 3β-diol remained independent predictors for tipss and ft for tpsa.
conclusion : estrogens and androstanediols seem to play a role in bph development.
the management of prostate cancer in the elderly is a major public health concern in most countries.
currently , most prostate cancers are diagnosed in elderly males.
the elderly population is very heterogeneous.
cga is the best tool for determining the health status of an older patient.
the accurate and precise estimation of liver volume is therefore essential.
missing body size parameters were estimated using simulations from the simcyp simulator @date@ for an age and ethnically appropriate population.
non-linear mixed effect modelling was undertaken in phoenix @number@ ( certara ) utilizing backward deletion and forward inclusion of covariates from fully parameterized models.
existing liver volume models based on body surface area ( bsa ) and body weight and height were implemented for comparison.
by genetic approach , we demonstrated that loss of plekho1 in osteoblasts could promote the smad-dependent bmp signaling and alleviated the age-related bone formation reduction.
in addition , osteoblast-specific smad1 overexpression had beneficial effect on bone formation during aging , which could be counteracted after overexpressing plekho1 within osteoblasts.
by pharmacological approach , we showed that osteoblast-targeted plekho1 sirna treatment could enhance smad-dependent bmp signaling and promote bone formation in aging rodents.
morphometry is quantified globally by the volumetric measurement and locally by the vertexwise surface areas.
a subdivision of the corpus callosum in both hemispheres revealed that the ad pathology primarily affects the body and splenium of the corpus callosum.
validation analyses and two multiple comparison correction strategies are provided.
hum brain mapp 38 : 1875-1893 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
background : serial chest ct is the standard of care to establish treatment success in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( ipa ) .
data are lacking how response should be defined.
methods : digital ct images from a clinical trial on treatment of ipa were re-evaluated and compared with available biomarkers.
total volume of pneumonia was added up after manual measurement of each lesion , followed by statistical analysis.
results : one-hundred and ninety ct scans and @number@ follow-up datasets from @number@ patients were available for analysis.
thirty-one were neutropenic.
baseline galactomannan ( or @number@ 95%ci : @date@ @number@ ) and lesion volume ( or @number@ 95%ci : @number@.73- @time@ ) were predictive of death.
the predictive value exceeded all other biomarkers.
further ct follow-up after response at day @number@ was of low additional value.
our understanding of b cells as merely antibody producers is slowly changing.
these pathogenic and suppressive functions are not static and appear to be regulated by the nature and strength of inflammation.
dengue virus , primarily transmitted by the aedes aegypti ( l. ) mosquito , has rapidly expanded in geographic extent over the past several decades.
in some areas , however , dengue fever has not emerged despite established ae. aegypti populations.
the reasons for this are unclear and have sometimes been attributed to socio-economic differences.
larval and pupal abundance was greater in nogales , and adult density was only higher in hermosillo during september.
population age structure , however , was consistently older in hermosillo.
results : the overall success rate of device implantation was @percent@ ( @number@ surgical conversions immediately ) .
there were no severe complications , i.e. aortic regurgitation , malignant arrhythmias , haemolysis or device dislocation.
conclusions : perventricular device closure of pmvsds appears safe and effective with symmetric and asymmetric occluders.
high-intensity resistance exercise ( rex ) training increases physical capacity , in part , by improving muscle cell size and function.
participants were @number@ deceased persons from two clinical-pathologic studies.
with the exception of microinfarcts and arteriolar sclerosis , all neuropathologies were associated with the cognitive trajectory.
however , the nature of their associations varied.
by contrast , atherosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology were associated with a lower level of cognition but their effects were relatively stable over time.
these results suggest that age-related neuropathologies are differentially related to late life cognitive trajectories.
whereas some contribute to progressive cognitive deterioration , others lower the level of cognition but exert relatively stable effects over time.
purpose : the aging population is at risk of common eye diseases , and routine eye examinations are recommended to prevent visual impairment.
a new method of eye-care delivery that mitigates distance barriers and improves access was developed to improve screening for potentially blinding conditions.
design : with tecs , a trained ophthalmology technician is stationed in a primary care clinic away from the main hospital.
the ophthalmology technician follows a detailed protocol that collects information about the patient's eyes.
the information then is interpreted remotely.
patients with possible abnormal findings are scheduled for a face-to-face examination in the eye clinic.
participants : any patient with no known ocular disease who desires a routine eye screening examination is eligible.
methods : technology-based eye care services was established in @number@ primary care clinics in georgia surrounding the atlanta veterans affairs hospital.
results : care was rendered to @number@ patients over the first @number@ months of tecs.
the program has been met with high patient satisfaction ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
eyeglass remake rate was @percent@.
abnormal findings were noted in @percent@ of patients and there was > 90% agreement between the tecs reading and the face-to-face findings of the physician.
conclusions : the early experience with tecs has been promising.
tele-ophthalmology has the potential to improve operational efficiency , reduce cost , and significantly improve access to care.
although further study is necessary , tecs shows potential to help prevent avoidable vision loss.
background : with aging of the population , the numbers of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft have been increasing.
however , the details of clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft are poorly understood.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft and radiographic findings.
methods : two hundred seventeen patients with single-level osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft were examined.
clinical symptoms were evaluated using numerical rating scale for back pain and the oswestry disability index for physical disability.
the presence of delayed neurologic deficit was also detected.
correlations between clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft and radiographic findings were investigated.
results : mean numerical rating scale and oswestry disability index were @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
delayed neurologic deficit occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
numerical rating scale and oswestry disability index were statistically correlated with vertebral instability but not with local kyphotic angle and presence of posterior wall fracture.
local kyphotic angle was not correlated with delayed neurologic deficit.
conclusions : vertebral instability is a factor causing symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft.
in addition , vertebral instability may be the predominant cause of delayed neurologic deficit.
biochemical analysis revealed that the amyloid consisted mainly of variant ttr in intraocular tissues with a percentage > @percent@.
on the contrary in the extraocular muscles , wild-type ttr was the main component of the amyloid with a percentage of ∼70%.
diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive imaging method that has been increasingly used in neuroscience imaging over the last decade.
partial volume effects ( pves ) exist in sampling signal for many physical and actual reasons , which lead to inaccurate fiber imaging.
we overcome the influence of pves by separating isotropic signal from diffusion-weighted signal , which can provide more accurate estimation of fiber orientations.
we then put forward a new index piso , which is a part of fodf to quantify white and gray matter.
the patterns of association between age and suicide rate vary by country , subpopulation and gender , and over time.
rates and age patterns differed markedly , as did gender patterns except in hong kong.
in @date@ , male suicide rates in australia and us were represented by upward-sloping graphs , whereas in japan the pattern was bimodal.
by 1979-83 , male patterns in australia and us were bimodal , but japan's was trimodal , including a middle-age peak reached in 1994-98.
suicide rates of men aged 45-64 in australia and us also fell , though by 2009-13 the us rate had risen again.
in hong kong , suicide rates of young men have increased.
greater understanding of their impact on age patterns of suicide can result in potential preventive solutions.
embryo implantation is the crucial step for a successful pregnancy.
diverse factors , including adhesion molecules , growth factors , and cytokines are important for embryo implantation through improving endometrial receptivity.
benzoic acid ( ba ) , a component of various plants , has been shown to have antifungal and antioxidant effects.
however , the effect of ba on embryo implantation remains unknown.
furthermore , in vivo study using a mifepristone-induced implantation failure model showed that ba definitely improves the numbers of implantation embryos.
however , the lack of appropriate measures available to neuropsychologists poses a challenge for the direct assessment of these skills.
this study sought to explore age-related changes in mr using an innovative visual tool and examine the developmental sensitivity of the task.
the findings also provide evidence of the potential of the so-moral as a developmentally appropriate measure of mr throughout childhood and adolescence.
hur influences gene expression programs and hence cellular phenotypes by binding to hundreds of coding and noncoding linear rnas.
however , whether hur binds to circular rnas ( circrnas ) and impacts on their function is unknown.
here , we have identified en masse circrnas binding hur in human cervical carcinoma hela cells.
one of the most prominent hur target circrnas was hsa circ 0031288 , renamed circpabpn1 as it arises from the pabpn1 pre-mrna.
further analysis revealed that hur did not influence circpabpn1 abundance ; interestingly , however , high levels of circpabpn1 suppressed hur binding to pabpn1 mrna.
evaluation of pabpn1 mrna polysomes indicated that pabpn1 translation was modulated positively by hur and hence negatively by circpabpn1.
purpose : trypan blue ( tb ) is used for visualization of the endothelium-descemet membrane graft during descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty ( dmek ) .
however , tb is assumed to have a dose-dependent toxic effect on the corneal endothelium.
results : staining of endothelium-descemet membrane with lz / bb was faint but sufficient.
cct decreased from @number@ ± @number@ μm preoperatively to @number@ ± @number@ μm ( p < @number@ ) at @number@ months.
conclusions : lz / bb-based dyes are suitable for dmek with outcomes comparable to tb.
however , available formulas result in faint staining , discouraging their routine use in donors with assumed difficult preparation.
a surrogate approach was exploited to test the significance of the computed quantities.
main results : trends of the genuine information transfer with age , already present in literature , were here confirmed.
results : a multiple regression analysis found chronological age , intelligence , and ses to be predictive of performance on the sopt.
furthermore , five-year olds performed better than three- and four-year olds in the task.
a difference between children in private and public kindergartens also emerged.
conclusion : taken together , this study provides initial normative and validation data for the sopt , but further validation studies are needed.
background : - the elderly population faces many difficulties as a result of the aging process.
conceptualize and evaluate their life quality is a challenge , being hard to characterize the impact on daily activities and on functional capacity.
the stroke is one of the most disabling neurological diseases , becoming a public health problem.
objective : - characterize the life quality of the elderly swallowing affected by stroke.
it was applied the quality of life swallowing protocol.
the data were statistically analyzed , by means of anova tests , spearman correlation , t test , with significance level of @percent@.
conclusion : - elderly affected by stroke that present dysphagia has low scores in quality of life related to swallowing.
it is an acknowledged fact that health benefits are derived from fruit- and vegetables-enriched diets.
a total of @number@ medical teachers received the survey , and @number@ responded.
the response rate is @percent@.
data were analysed through descriptive calculations , and answers to open-ended questions were coded using content analysis.
regarding preparedness to teach a diverse classroom , @percent@ felt somewhat or very prepared to engage and motivate all students.
about @percent@ were interested in receiving training on cultural competence.
this creates an opportunity to implement cultural competence in the medical curriculum , training of teachers and strengthening the diversity sensitivity of the organisation.
prostate cancer is a serious oncological disease in males.
there has been a significant escalation in the incidence of this malignancy in the czech republic and in developed countries of europe recently.
conversely , in countries with an altered health system , a minor increase in new cases of this disease is recorded.
the possible contribution of physical and chemical carcinogens associated with environmental pollution and negative lifestyle changes should not be forgotten either.
the mortality rate for prostate cancer remains stable , with a slight decline in recent years.
the article provides an overview of trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the czech republic and europe.
the data on the effects of aerobic training on plasma antioxidant vitamins are conflicting.
additionally , most studies focus on the oxidative profiles of professional athletes , but limited information is available for amateur athlete populations.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity exercise on antioxidant vitamins in non-professional runners with varying levels of aerobic power.
eighty-one male runners underwent an incremental test to exhaustion.
aims : clonidine is used for sedation in the paediatric intensive care unit.
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ecmo ) provides temporary support if respiratory and cardiac function is threatened.
ecmo influences the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
clonidine during paediatric ecmo cannot be effectively titrated as pk data are lacking.
methods : all children below the age of @number@ years who received clonidine during ecmo were eligible.
the clonidine clearance rate was two-fold that measured in patients not on ecmo.
the use of diuretics was associated with a lower clearance.
the volume of distribution increased by @percent@ during ecmo support.
conclusion : our findings suggest that a higher dose of clonidine may be needed during ecmo.
real-world evidence on adherence to glp-1ras in elderly or disabled patients is limited.
included patients were between the ages of @number@ and @number@ and were continuously enrolled for @number@ months pre- and post-index.
medication adherence was examined during the post-index period using proportion of days covered ( pdc ) ≥80% and ≥90%.
further research is needed to validate these findings in other t2d patient populations.
funding : astrazeneca pharmaceuticals.
at these conditions , the competitive side hydrolysis of vfa was @number@.7-fold minimized.
the study sample included @number@ clients receiving community based home care and their family caregivers in korea.
descriptive statistics , χ² test , t-test , and heckman selection model analysis were conducted using sas @number@
level of caregiver distress was also significantly associated with days of nurse visits ( β = -.66 , p = .028 ) .
our objective was to systematically assess the contribution of genetic variation to gait speed in older individuals.
we followed our initial discoveries with network and eqtl analysis of candidate signals in tissues.
the meta-analysis resulted in a list of @number@ suggestive genome wide significant snps in or near @number@ genes.
further interrogation with pathway analysis placed gait speed as a polygenic complex trait in five major networks.
rapamycin slows organismal aging and delays age-related diseases , extending lifespan in numerous species.
in cells , rapamycin and other rapalogs such as everolimus suppress geroconversion from quiescence to senescence.
rapamycin inhibits some , but not all , activities of mtor.
recently we and others demonstrated that pan-mtor inhibitors , known also as dual mtorc1 / c2 inhibitors , suppress senescent phenotype.
as a continuation of these studies , here we investigated in detail a panel of pan-mtor inhibitors , to determine their optimal gerosuppressive concentrations.
these agents decreased senescence-associated hypertrophy with ic50s : @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ nm , respectively.
preservation of rpp by pan-mtor inhibitors was associated with inhibition of the ps6k / ps6 axis.
inhibition of rapamycin-insensitive functions of mtor further contributed to anti-hypertrophic and cytostatic effects.
torin @number@ and pp242 were more \ "rapamycin-like \ " than torin @number@ and azd8055.
we suggest that , at doses lower than anti-cancer concentrations , pan-mtor inhibitors can be developed as anti-aging drugs.
neurocysticercosis ( ncc ) has been associated with hippocampal atrophy , but the prevalence and pathogenic mechanisms implicated in this relationship are unknown.
the prevalence of hippocampal atrophy was compared between cases and control subjects by the use of the mcnemar's test for correlated proportions.
seventy-five individuals with calcified ncc and their matched control subjects were included in the analysis.
this study confirms an association between ncc and hippocampal atrophy , and shows that this association is stronger in older age groups.
this suggests that ncc-related hippocampal atrophy takes a long time to develop.
older adults exhibit altered activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles during goal-directed movements compared with young adults.
the purpose of this study , therefore , was to determine whether the motor plan differs for young and older adults.
from those @number@ trials we selected @number@ trials in each of @number@ movement end-point categories ( fast , accurate , and slow ) .
we investigated age-associated differences in the motor plan by quantifying the individual activity and coordination of the agonist and antagonist muscles.
in addition , the coordination of the agonist and antagonist muscles ( ta and sol ) was different between the two age groups.
linear , multilevel , and logistic models compared individual resources at baseline as independent , cumulative , and binary predictors of outcomes @number@ years later.
for experienced well-being , individual resources were most important at midlife and for groups with lower education.
discussion : a cumulative index allows for gradations in resources that can be compensated for by external factors such as person-environment congruence.
this index could guide policy and interventions to enhance resources in vulnerable subgroups and diminish inequalities in successful aging outcomes.
background : the number of people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is increasing substantially.
methods : a systematic review of studies involving the use of motion-based technology for human participants living with dementia or mci was conducted.
results : a total of @number@ articles met the inclusion criteria.
conclusions : the findings of this review confirm the potential of motion-based technology to improve the lives of people living with dementia or mci.
the use of this technology also spans across several contexts including cognitive , physical , and leisure ; all of which support multidimensional well-being.
the literature provides evidence that people living with dementia or mci can learn how to use this technology and that they enjoy doing so.
future research should address the appropriate introduction , teaching , and support required for people living with dementia or mci to use the motion-based technology.
in addition , it is recommended that the diverse needs of these specific end-users be considered in the design and development of this technology.
the integrative symposium investigated different aspects of alcohol-induced liver disease ( ald ) as well as non-alcohol-induced liver disease ( nafld ) and possible repair.
the present review includes pre-clinical , translational and clinical research that characterizes ald and nafld.
genetic polymorphisms of ethanol metabolizing enzymes and cytochrome p450 ( cyp ) 2e1 activation may change the severity of ash and nash.
other risk factors such as its co-morbidities with chronic viral hepatitis in the presence or absence of human deficiency virus were discussed.
dysregulation of metabolism , as a result of ethanol exposure , in the intestine leads to colon carcinogenesis.
the hepatotoxic effects of ethanol undermine the contribution of malnutrition to the liver injury.
dietary interventions such as micro and macronutrients , as well as changes to the microbiota have been suggested.
the clinical aspects of nash , as part of the metabolic syndrome in the aging population , have been presented.
the symposium addressed mechanisms and biomarkers of alcohol induced damage to different organs , as well as the role of the microbiome in this dialog.
the microbiota regulates and acts as a key element in harmonizing immune responses at intestinal mucosal surfaces.
it is known that microbiota is an inducer of proinflammatory t helper @number@ cells and regulatory t cells in the intestine.
the signals at the sites of inflammation mediate recruitment and differentiation in order to remove inflammatory inducers and promote tissue homeostasis restoration.
the change in the intestinal microbiota also influences the change in obesity and regresses the liver steatosis.
evidence on the positive role of moderate alcohol consumption on heart and metabolic diseases as well on reducing steatosis have been looked up.
moreover nutrition as a therapeutic intervention in alcoholic liver disease has been discussed.
in addition to the original data , we searched the literature ( 2008-2016 ) for the latest publication on the described subjects.
in order to obtain the updated data we used the usual engines ( pub med and google scholar ) .
the intention of the eighth symposia was to advance the international profile of the biological research on alcoholism.
we also wish to further our mission of leading the forum to progress the science and practice of translational research in alcoholism.
however , we do not know what impact driving anxiety has on health and well-being , especially among older drivers.
the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of driving anxiety on young older adults ' health and well-being.
method : data were taken from a longitudinal study of health and aging that included @number@ young older adults aged 55-70 years.
the outcome measures were mental and physical health ( sf-12 ) and quality of life ( whoqol-8 ) .
conclusion : further research is needed to investigate whether driving anxiety contributes to premature driving cessation.
microtubule associated protein tau ( tau ) deposition is associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed tauopathies.
methods : a prospective study of adult pneumonia was conducted to investigate the incidence of rp and potential risk factors.
patients were followed for one-year to evaluate the recurrence of pneumonia and characteristics associated with rp.
cox proportional hazards models were constructed to compute adjusted hazard ratios ( ahr ) and ascertain risk factors significantly associated with rp.
the detection of p. aeruginosa was significantly associated with rp even after adjusting for chronic pulmonary diseases ( ahr = @number@ ) .
conclusions : recurrent pneumonia constitutes a considerable proportion of the pneumonia burden in japan.
background : control beliefs are important psychological factors that likely contribute to heterogeneity in health outcomes for older adults.
we evaluated whether control beliefs are associated with risk for 4-year mortality , after accounting for established \ "classic \ " biomedical risk factors.
we also determined if an enhanced risk model with control beliefs improved identification of individuals with low vs. high mortality risk.
we assessed baseline perceived global control ( measured as @number@ dimensions- \ "constraints \ " and \ "mastery \ " ) , and health-specific control.
higher perceived mastery scores were not consistently associated with decreased risk.
conclusion : control beliefs were significantly associated with risk for 4-year mortality ; accounting for these factors improved identification of low-risk individuals.
more work is needed to determine how assessment of control beliefs could enable targeting of clinical interventions to support at-risk older adults.
background : expenditure on medications for highly prevalent chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus ( dm ) can result in financial impoverishment.
people in developing countries and in low socioeconomic status groups are particularly vulnerable.
china and india currently hold the world's two largest dm populations.
both countries are ageing and undergoing rapid economic development , urbanisation and social change.
this paper assesses the determinants of dm medication use and catastrophic expenditure on medications in older adults with dm in china and india.
results : prevalence of dm medication use was @percent@ in china and @percent@ in india.
women were more likely to use dm medications in china ( or = @number@ ) .
respondents in poorer wealth quintiles in china were more likely to use dm medications whereas the reverse was true in india.
almost @percent@ of people with dm in china experienced catastrophic healthcare expenditure on medications compared with @percent@ in india.
conclusions : the country comparison reflects major public policy differences underpinned by divergent political and ideological frameworks.
the dm epidemic poses huge public health challenges for china and india.
cox proportional hazard regression was applied to model the risk of cognitive decline.
after stratifying by gender and age , this effect remained significant among females and young elders ≤80 years.
smart multifunctional materials can play a constructive role in addressing some very important aging-related issues.
aging affects the ability of older adults to continue to live safely and economically in their own residences for as long as possible.
thus , brief descriptions of various currently available multifunctional smart materials and their possible applications to aging-related problems are presented.
pluripotent stem cells ( pscs ) offer unprecedented opportunities for disease modeling and personalized medicine.
however , psc-derived cells exhibit fetal-like characteristics and remain immature in a dish.
this has emerged as a major obstacle for their application for late-onset diseases.
we previously showed that there is a neonatal arrest of long-term cultured psc-derived cardiomyocytes ( psc-cms ) .
here , we demonstrate that psc-cms mature into adult cms when transplanted into neonatal hearts.
psc-cms became similar to adult cms in morphology , structure , and function within a month of transplantation into rats.
the similarity was further supported by single-cell rna-sequencing analysis.
moreover , this in vivo maturation allowed patient-derived psc-cms to reveal the disease phenotype of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy , which manifests predominantly in adults.
this study lays a foundation for understanding human cm maturation and pathogenesis and can be instrumental in psc-based modeling of adult heart diseases.
here , we extensively characterized aging-altered gene expression changes across ten human brain regions from @number@ individuals ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
in line with these changes , high-resolution immunohistochemistry demonstrated decreased numbers of oligodendrocytes and of neuronal subpopulations in the aging brain cortex.
however , the precise temporal and spatial dynamics of the microglial population are unknown.
our results reveal that the microglial population is constantly and rapidly remodeled , expanding our understanding of its role in the maintenance of brain homeostasis.
most of these cases are not associated with traditional risk factors for ckd , such as aging , diabetes mellitus , and hypertension.
the clinical working group from slanh was put in charge of finding a consensus definition of a confirmed clinical case of ckdnt.
the resulting definition establishes mandatory criteria and exclusion criteria necessary for classifying a case of ckdnt.
the definition includes a combination of universally accepted definitions of ckd and the main clinical manifestations of ckdnt.
based on the best available evidence , the clinical working group also formulated general recommendations about clinical management that apply to any patient with ckdnt.
however , this specific disease is not associated with traditional causes of ckd , such as aging , diabetes , or hypertension.
rather , this disease is a chronic interstitial nephritis termed chronic kidney disease of nontraditional etiology ( ckdnt ) .
this condition has been identified in certain agricultural communities , predominantly among male farmworkers.
a probable case of ckdnt is defined as a suspect case with the same findings confirmed three or more months later.
telomeres are located at each end of eukaryotic chromosomes.
their functional role is genomic stability maintenance.
the protective role of telomeres depends on various factors , including number of nucleotides repeats , telomere-binding proteins , and telomerase activity.
while the prevalence of acute rejection is constantly decreasing , prevention of transplanted organ long-term function loss is still challenging.
it has been demonstrated that post-transplant stressors accelerate aging of the allografts manifested through telomere shortening.
the aim of this paper was to evaluate the importance of telomere length assessment for prediction of organ transplantation outcome.
literature review included the @number@ most important studies regarding linkage between allograft function and telomere erosion , including @number@ of our own reports.
telomere length assessment is useful to predict organ transplantation outcome.
the importance of telomere length as a prediction marker depends on the analyzed material.
to obtain reliable results , both graft cells ( donor material ) and lymphocytes ( recipient material ) should be examined.
large-scale clinical studies regarding telomere length measurement , including genome wide association analysis introducing relevant genetic factors , are needed for the future.
folate and the other b-vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism are associated with cognition in ageing but the evidence is not entirely clear.
participants ( aged 60-88 years ; the increased life expectancy and the expansion of the elderly population are stimulating research into aging.
aging may be viewed as a multifactorial process that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors , which include lifestyle.
human molecular processes are influenced by physiological pathways as well as exogenous factors , which include the diet.
the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology has unique strength to investigate the effects of dietary and lifestyle exposure on clinical outcomes.
objectives : to update histological data on crown initiation and completion ages in southern africans.
crown completion ages for southern africans were calculated in two ways.
discussion : this study documents variation in initiation ages , particularly for later-initiating tooth types.
it upholds the use of previously published histological aging charts for lehs on anterior teeth.
these earlier ages reduce differences between modern humans and fossil hominins for these developmental events in second and third molars.
participants were followed up for one year , with monitoring at 3- , 6- , 9- and 12-months.
participants received an initial vd ( ergocalciferol ; oral solution @number@ @number@ iu / 1.5 ml ) , and followed a vd treatment regime thereafter.
results : patients ' mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
external monitoring instruments included the brief medication questionnaire ( bmq ) and the visual remaining pill count.
the state of the prostate gland and the lower urinary tract was monitored using questionnaires i-pss , oab awareness tool , uroflowmetry and voiding diaries.
these data confirm high validity of the masri.
cancer cells are optimised for growth and survival via an ability to outcompete normal cells in their microenvironment.
many of these advantageous cellular adaptations are promoted by the pathophysiological hypoxia that arises in solid tumours due to incomplete vascularisation.
one found an improvement in adherence but not health outcomes.
among the reminder / simplification studies , both studies reported improvements in adherence without a significant impact on related health outcomes.
future patient-centered and multidisciplinary interventions should be developed and tested using evidence-based principles to improve medication adherence and health outcomes in older adults.
depression in the context of dementia is common and contributes to poorer outcomes in individuals and those who care for them.
non-pharmacological treatments are the preferred initial approach to managing these symptoms but data in support of these are scarce.
this review aims to provide a concise overview of pharmacological treatments for depression in dementia.
antidepressants are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for clinically significant depression in the general population but evidence to support their use in dementia is mixed.
trials of antidepressants should generally be reserved for individuals with depression where the symptoms are distressing and surpass the threshold for major depression.
similarly , antipsychotics and mood stabilizers have no proven efficacy for depression and the risk of adverse effects seems to outweigh any potential benefit.
pain can be a frequent problem in dementia and may have significant effects on behavior and mood.
preliminary evidence supports a role of adequate analgesia in improving mood in people with dementia.
small heat shock proteins ( shsps ) are gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis across species , preserving proteome integrity under stressful conditions.
nonetheless , recent evidence suggests that shsps are more than molecular chaperones with merely auxiliary role.
background : glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is usually diagnosed in higher age groups.
the goal was to survey how patient age influences the development of glaucoma.
results : the prevalence of glaucoma rises with age.
aging processes of the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral outflow pathway lead to a rise in the intraocular pressure.
chronically elevated intraocular pressure leads to remodelling of the lamina cribrosa and narrowing of its pores through which ganglion cell axons leave the eye.
age-dependent glia cell , mitochondria and immune system alterations are discussed to influence glaucoma.
patient age and further age-related nonophthalmological systemic diseases also influence adherence and persistence to the prescribed therapy.
conclusions : aging is an important risk factor for developing glaucoma and is a main factor which influences therapy and course of the disease.
at this point in time it remains unclear to which extent additional factors determine the development of glaucoma.
traumatic brain injuries ( tbis ) are generally recognized to affect episodic memory.
however , less is known regarding how external force altered the way functionally connected brain structures of the episodic memory system interact.
results presented that tbi induced increased bilateral and decreased ipsilateral effective connectivity in the episodic memory network in comparison with that of normal controls.
our findings also suggested that the pattern of brain network changes in tbi survivors presented similar functional consequences to normal aging.
previous studies in mice and humans suggested that ghrd has protective effects against age-related diseases , including cancer and diabetes.
whereas ghrd mice show improved age-dependent cognitive performance , the effect of ghrd on human cognition remains unknown.
using mri , we compared brain structure , function , and connectivity between @number@ people with ghrd and @number@ unaffected relatives.
we assessed differences in white matter microstructural integrity , hippocampal volume , subregional volumes , and cortical thickness and surface area of selected regions.
we also evaluated brain activity at rest and during a hippocampal-dependent pattern separation task.
they had lower mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum and the anterior thalamic tracts.
the ghrd group showed enhanced cognitive performance and greater task-related activation in frontal , parietal , and hippocampal regions compared with controls.
furthermore , they had greater functional synchronicity of activity between the precuneus and the rest of the default mode network at rest.
further investigation may lead to improved understanding of underlying mechanisms and could contribute to the identification of treatments for age-related cognitive deficits.
background : identifying novel risk markers in cardiovascular patients remains a research priority.
longer follow-up generally is considered favorable in such studies , but associations of interest may become attenuated with increasing follow-up.
this issue has not been adequately addressed in the context of patient cohorts.
the current study analyzed the extent and mechanisms of attenuating associations in a cardiovascular patient cohort.
power analyses showed that the relationship of follow-up duration and statistical power can be counterintuitive in the presence of realistic amounts of attenuation.
conclusions : the attenuation of estimates of association in patient cohorts is a much more substantial and complex issue than currently appreciated.
objectives : to examine how information and communication technology ( ict ) access and use are conceptually incorporated in the successful aging @number@ framework.
weighted logistic regression analyses were performed.
results : findings revealed that men were more likely to access and use ict than women.
ict access was positively associated with all types of women's social engagement , but only with men's informal social participation.
information technology ( it ) use for health matters was positively associated with formal social participation for women and with informal social participation for men.
it use for personal tasks was negatively associated with formal social participation for older adults.
communication technology use was positively associated with formal and informal social participation for women and men.
discussion : this study supports the expansion of the successful aging model by incorporating ict access and use.
further , it assists in the identification of specific technologies that promote active engagement in later life for women and men.
genome-wide association studies have identified novel risk variants for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
among these , a gene carrying one of the highest risks for ad is picalm.
the picalm rs3851179 a allele is thought to have a protective effect , whereas the g allele appears to confer risk for ad.
the influence of the picalm genotype on brain function in nondemented subjects remains largely unknown.
beta power elevation in resting-state electroencephalography has previously been linked to cortical disinhibition and hyperexcitability.
\ "stereotype threat \ " is often thought of as a singular construct , with moderators and mechanisms that are stable across groups and domains.
however , this is not always true.
to illustrate this , the current review focuses on the stereotype threat that older adults face about their cognitive abilities.
drawing upon the multithreat framework , i first provide evidence that this is a self-concept threat and not a group-reputation threat.
because of age-related improvements in emotion-regulation abilities , stereotype threat does not seem to reduce older adults ' executive-control resources.
it will also shed light on why certain stereotype threat effects \ "fail to replicate \ " across domains or groups.
no prior work has examined this in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
serum igf-1 levels were assessed at baseline via fasted blood draw.
the johnson-neyman technique determined whether baseline igf-1 levels moderated the relationship between changes in aerobic endurance ( δ2mst ) and cognition ( δ3ms ) .
conclusion : the relationship between cognitive and aerobic endurance change varies as a function of igf-1 in persons with mci.
additional work is needed to clarify the mechanisms of these findings.
patients with bipolar disorder ( bd ) are at high risk for developing cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) during aging process.
however , investigations are lacking regarding the risk factors for cvds specific to bd patients.
clinical data were obtained by retrospectively reviewing the medical record.
iron is a trace metal , key for the development of living organisms.
its absorption process is complex and highly regulated at the transcriptional , translational and systemic levels.
this is the first report of short-term studies for this system.
a non-linear behavior in the apical uptake dynamics was observed , which does not follow the classic saturation dynamics of traditional biochemical models.
we propose a method for developing mathematical models for complex systems , based on a genetic programming algorithm.
we developed a model for the iron uptake system with a higher predictive capacity than classic biochemical models.
this general method holds great potential for application to the elucidation of biological mechanisms and their key components in other complex systems.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the potential association between intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and attention deficits in the offspring.
conclusions : exposure to maternal type @number@ diabetes did not seem to increase the risk of attention deficits in the adolescent offspring.
however , a higher self-reported use of adhd medication in the exposed group could suggest a difference in attention not revealed by the applied test.
percutaneous vertebroplasty ( pvp ) or balloon kyphoplasty ( bkp ) as minimally invasive techniques are new treatments that are widely used for painful ovcfs.
however , an increase in new vertebral compression fractures at non-treated levels following augmentation is of concern.
methods : detailed searches of a number of online databases comparing operative and non-operative groups were performed.
we included randomized controlled trials , clinical controlled trials , and prospective clinical studies to provide available data.
results : we evaluated @number@ studies encompassing @number@ patients in total , including @number@ who underwent operation with polymethylmethacrylateand @number@ who received non-operative treatments.
limitation : all studies we screened were published online except for unpublished articles.
background : in clinical practice , laboratory results are often important for making diagnostic , therapeutic , and prognostic decisions.
interpreting individual results relies on accurate reference intervals and decision limits.
despite the considerable amount of resources in clinical medicine spent on elderly patients , accurate reference intervals for the elderly are rarely available.
methods / design : the seniorlab study is an observational , prospective cohort study.
more than @number@ laboratory parameters were measured , and a biobank was set up.
the study participants are followed up every @number@ to @number@ years for quality of life , morbidity , and mortality.
the primary aim is to evaluate different laboratory parameters at age-related reference intervals.
discussion : to obtain better grounds to justify clinical decisions , specific reference intervals for laboratory parameters of the elderly are needed.
reference intervals are obtained from healthy individuals.
reference intervals obtained from such individuals cannot be considered representative for seniors in a status of age-specific normal health.
trial registration : the present study was registered under international standard randomized controlled trial number registry : isrctn53778569.
it is often argued that declining health in elderly people makes death more salient and threatening.
low health was associated with enhanced fear of death for participants who received only little social support.
within the cell , several mechanisms exist to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) .
one of the primary mechanisms is the unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
in this review , we primarily focus on the latest signal webs and regulation mechanisms of the upr.
the relationships among er stress , apoptosis , and cancer are also discussed.
under er stress , misfolded proteins interact with bip , resulting in the release of bip from the sensors.
subsequently , the three sensors dimerize and autophosphorylate to promote the signal cascades of er stress.
a moderate upr functions as a pro-survival signal to return the cell to its state of homeostasis.
to enhance the effects of pdt , it is essential to inhibit the wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway involved in emt progression.
combined with wnt-1 sirna , peg-pei-ce6 nanoparticle mediated pdt inhibited cell growth and enhanced the cancer cell killing effect remarkably.
our results show the promise of combination therapy of peg-pei-ce6 nanoparticles for delivery of wnt-1 sirna along with pdt in the treatment of oral cancer.
in vivo analyses were performed for mechanical properties such as isokinetic performance , isometric torque , and power.
specific force and maximum shortening velocity ( vo ) were measured with single muscle fibres.
early warning deterioration is a relevant issue in this setting.
unfortunately , a suitable prognostic score has not been identified , yet.
aim : to explore the ability of modified early warning score ( mews ) to predict the in-hospital mortality in septic patients admitted to mws.
design : secondary analysis of a multicentric prospective study.
methods : consecutive septic patients with positive blood culture admitted to @number@ italian mws were included.
baseline characteristics , clinics , isolates , rate of transfer to icu , mews was collected on admission according to the study protocol.
the accuracy of mews in predicting the in-hospital mortality was assessed with the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves.
results : in total @number@ patients were included in this analysis.
median mews was ( range 0-11 ) .
in-hospital mortality was @percent@ and transfer to icu @percent@.
the auc of mews in predicting in-hospital mortality was @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : our findings do not seem to support the use of mews to predict the in-hospital mortality risk of sepsis in mws.
design and methods : a systematic search of nine databases identified @number@ articles published from @number@ to late @number@
results : fifteen studies were included and used the photovoice method , global positioning system tracking plus interview , or go-along interviews.
most included articles provided sufficient detail about data collection methods , yet limited detail about methodologies supporting the study designs and / or data analysis.
implications : approaches that combine participatory geospatial and qualitative methods are beginning to emerge in the aging literature.
stress and depression are associated with an acceleration of brain and bodily aging ; effects which have been attributed to chronic elevations of glucocorticoids.
we also hypothesized that older individuals would be more sensitive to this effect and that the chronic cort administration would exacerbate age-related memory decline.
to our knowledge , this is the first demonstration that chronic stress-associated levels of cort can reduce nucleic acid damage from oxidation.
these findings contradict the notion of elevated cort as a mediator of the accelerated aging observed in stress and depression.
recent studies reveal 2-aminoadipic acid ( 2-aaa ) is both elevated in subjects at risk for diabetes and mechanistically linked to glucose homeostasis.
prior studies also suggest enrichment of protein-bound 2-aaa as an oxidative post-translational modification of lysyl residues in tissues associated with degenerative diseases of aging.
we further observed @number@ previously described missense variants ( p.pro34ser , p.pro80leu , and p.pro96thr ) that were also present in the matched control series.
how old is too old to be a father ?
at some point , does one simply become too old to be a father ?
as with so many other aspects of family building , assisted reproductive technologies have transformed the possibilities for-and spawned heated debates about-maternal age.
much attention has been given to this contentious topic for potential mothers , with many programs putting age-related limitations in place for their female patients.
this article considers whether there should also be limits-and how we should approach that question-for men who require and seek medical assistance to become fathers.
macroautophagy is a lysosomal catabolic process that maintains the homeostasis of eukaryotic cells , tissues , and organisms.
macroautophagy plays important physiological roles during development and aging processes and also contributes to immune responses.
the process of macroautophagy is compromised in diseases , such as cancer , neurodegenerative disorders , and diabetes.
objectives : little is known about the very long-term cognitive outcome in patients with childhood-onset epilepsy.
methods : the sample consisted of @number@ participants with childhood-onset epilepsy and @number@ age-matched healthy controls aged 48-63 years.
thirty-six epilepsy participants were in remission and @number@ continued to have seizures.
they exhibited worse performances across measures of language and semantic function , and visuomotor function compared to participants with remitted epilepsy and healthy controls.
conclusions : our results showed that the distinction of continued versus discontinued seizures was critical for determining long-term cognitive outcome in childhood-onset epilepsy.
few participants in remission exhibited marked cognitive impairment compared to age-matched peers.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 332-340 ) .
data for fracture incidence , bone metabolism biomarkers , and adverse events were also extracted and analysed.
thirteen rcts met the eligibility criteria.
pooled effect sizes suggested no significant gh effect on bmd.
pooled effect sizes were largest , but nonsignificant , when compared to placebo.
gh had a significant effect on several bone metabolism biomarkers.
a significantly higher rate of adverse events was observed in the gh groups.
meta-analysis of rcts suggests that gh treatment for persons with or at risk for developing osteoporosis results in very small , nonsignificant increases in bmd.
background : older adults are encouraged by many organizations to engage in advance care planning in the event of decisional incapacity.
planning for future health care often involves anticipating health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) in states of reduced cognitive functioning.
no study has yet examined whether anticipated hrqol is stable over time.
the accuracy with which significant others can predict how an older adult envisions hrqol in a future state of cognitive impairment is also unknown.
methods : results are based on hrqol ratings made on a 5-point likert scale by @number@ community-based elder-proxy dyads on three occasions.
data were analyzed using both traditional approaches ( e.g. , intraclass correlation coefficients , bland-altman plots ) and the theory of generalizability.
across health states , ratings over time or within elder-proxy dyads were no more than one category apart in over @percent@ of cases.
future studies should investigate whether these two groups of individuals share the views of the patient and the designated proxy on anticipated hrqol.
background : brain metastasis ( bm ) is a poor prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
the efficacy was evaluated with pearson chi-square or fisher's exact tests , log-rank test and cox proportional hazards model.
qol was assessed by the functional assessment of cancer treatment-lung ( fact-l ) chinese version @number@ questionnaire.
the median pfs of rct arm was significantly longer than that of rt arm ( @number@ vs. @number@ months , p = @number@ ) .
multivariate analysis indicated that tmz was a significant factor for pfs.
statistically significant differences on ncf and qol were observed between crt and rt arms at @number@ months.
rct showed a trend of toxicities increase compared with rt , however , the toxicities were tolerable and manageable.
although no remarkable difference on median os was found , adding tmz could prevent ncf and qol from worsening.
the side effects increased by adding tmz , but the difference was not statistical significance and toxicities were well tolerated.
background : self-perceived uselessness is associated with poor health and high mortality among older adults in china.
however , it is unclear which demographic , psychosocial , behavioral and health factors are associated with self-perceived uselessness.
multinomial logistic regression models with low frequency as the reference category were employed to identify rehab risk factors associated with self-perceived uselessness.
more environmental family / social support was associated with lower rrr of high frequency of self-perceived uselessness.
cultural factors such as coresidence with children and intergenerational transfer were associated with reduced rrr of high frequency of self-perceived uselessness.
indicators of poor health status such as disability and loneliness were associated with greater rrr of high or moderate frequency of self-perceived uselessness.
conclusions : self-perceived uselessness was associated with a wide range of factors in the rehab framework.
the findings could have important implications for china to develop and target community health programs to improve self-perceived usefulness among older adults.
background : older inpatients are at risk of hospital-associated geriatric syndromes including delirium , functional decline , incontinence , falls and pressure injuries.
these contribute to longer hospital stays , loss of independence , and death.
effective interventions to reduce geriatric syndromes remain poorly implemented due to their complexity , and require an organised approach to change care practices and systems.
this study will test effectiveness of implementing eat walk engage using a multi-site cluster randomised trial to inform transferability of this intervention.
methods : a hybrid study design will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation strategy of eat walk engage in a real-world setting.
intervention wards will be supported to develop and implement locally tailored strategies to enhance early mobility , nutrition , and meaningful activities.
patient outcomes and process measures before and after intervention will be compared between intervention and control wards.
primary outcomes are any hospital-associated geriatric syndrome ( delirium , functional decline , falls , pressure injuries , new incontinence ) and length of stay.
secondary outcomes include discharge destination ; 30-day mortality , function and quality of life ; @number@ month readmissions ; and cost-effectiveness.
process measures including patient interviews , activity mapping and mealtime audits will inform interventions in each site and measure improvement progress.
factors influencing the trajectory of implementation success will be monitored on implementation wards.
trial registration : actrn12615000879561 registered prospectively 21 / 8 / 2015.
the immune system is a critical component in defense against viral , bacterial , parasitic , and fungal diseases.
immunological variation can impact defense mechanisms , however.
two factors in particular that can influence immune function are the single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) and aging.
age-related alterations to the immune system have also been studied and documented.
the mechanism of these differences due to either genetics or age is not known but can be investigated in strain- and age-specific infectious disease models.
background / aims nursing homes are complex healthcare systems serving an increasingly sick population.
nursing homes must engage patients in advance care planning , but do so inconsistently.
video decision support tools improved advance care planning in small randomized controlled trials.
pragmatic trials are increasingly employed in health services research , although not commonly in the nursing home setting to which they are well-suited.
over an 18-month implementation period , intervention facilities were instructed to offer the advance care planning video program to all patients.
control facilities employed usual advance care planning practices.
patient characteristics and outcomes were ascertained from medicare claims , minimum data set assessments , and facility electronic medical record data.
intervention adherence was measured using a video status report embedded into electronic medical record systems.
the primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations / person-day alive among long-stay patients with advanced dementia or cardiopulmonary disease.
strong endorsement from corporate leadership made randomization prior to recruitment feasible with @percent@ participation of facilities randomized to the intervention arm.
intervention training and implementation were initiated on @date@ using corporate infrastructures for new program roll-out guided by standardized training elements designed by the research team.
video status reports in facilities ' electronic medical records permitted \ "real-time \ " adherence monitoring and corrective actions.
the centers for medicare and medicaid services virtual research data center allowed for rapid outcomes ascertainment.
conclusion we must rigorously evaluate interventions to deliver more patient-focused care to an increasingly frail nursing home population.
video decision support is a practical approach to improve advance care planning.
retinal structure was not significantly associated with verbal or visual memory consolidation performances ( ps > @number@ ) .
retinal structure was associated with mtl volumes , but not memory performances , in otherwise neurologically normal older adults.
given that mtl atrophy is a neuropathological hallmark of ad , retinal integrity may be an early marker of ongoing ad-related brain health.
it has also been postulated to be an important mechanism for functional cellular diversity , including the brain.
a total of @number@ women with and without osteoporotic fracture seen at the philippine orthopedic center were included.
the variant calling was based on the gatk best practice workflow and annotated using annovar tool.
a total of @number@ unique variants in the whole 101-kb vdr gene were identified.
one disease-associated enhancer showed statistically significant association to low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin d levels ( pearson chi-square p-value = 0.009 ) .
the transcription factor binding site prediction program promo predicted the disruption of three transcription factor binding sites in this enhancer region.
such information will also provide the additional guidance necessary toward a personalized nutritional advice to reach sufficient vitamin d status.
objective : to meta-analytically examine the trends and correlates of antipsychotic use in youth with mood disorders.
random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted.
data abstraction : two independent investigators abstracted data on study , patient , and treatment characteristics.
results : forty-one studies were meta-analyzed ( n = @number@ mean ± sd age = @number@ ± @number@ years , males = @percent@ ) .
statistical analysis and association between biostrumental and biochemical data were investigated.
all mutations were de novo where parental dna was available.
biochemical tests and in vivo assays in xenopus laevis embryos suggest that these mutations may behave as gain-of-function alleles.
this finding is in contrast to the loss-of-function mutations in smchd1 that have been associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ( fshd ) type @number@
frailty was defined as ⩾3 of the following conditions : low muscle mass , low energy expenditure , slow running and weakness.
the prevalence of frailty was significantly higher among the hr nbl survivors @date@ ( @percent@ ) than among the controls ( @percent@ ) .
thirteen ( @percent@ ) of the survivors reported significant physical health limitations in vigorous activities , as opposed to none of the controls.
the hr nbl survivors had significantly shorter telomere length and higher serum levels of high sensitivity c-reactive protein than did the controls.
frail health and poor physical functioning are prevalent among hr nbl survivors and suggest premature aging.
in contrast with most developed countries , mortality due to ischemic heart disease ( ihd ) continues to rise in china.
region-specific data on annual ihd mortality among adults aged @number@ to @number@ years and corresponding population statistics were collected.
we then tested for age , period , and cohort effects using the intrinsic estimator approach.
our results indicated that ihd mortality in china increased significantly over the three decades studied.
the age , period , and cohort effects on mortality in china were generally comparable between urban and rural populations.
the results suggest that population aging is a major driver behind the rapid rise in ihd mortality.
increased exposure to air pollution may also have played a role in driving the period effect.
our study focuses on the role of perk- and ire-1-induced arms of upr in life-or-death decision.
here we confirm that silencing of perk extends autophagy-dependent survival , whereas the ire-1-controlled apoptosis inducer is downregulated during er stress.
we also claim that the proper order of surviving and self-killing mechanisms is controlled by a positive feedback loop between perk and ire-1 branches.
our model claims that the two arms of upr accomplish an altered upregulation of autophagy and apoptosis inducers during er stress.
in study @number@ all age groups demonstrated rif in conditions where output interference was promoted.
conclusions : the findings suggest that inhibitory functioning remains intact in older adults under the age of @number@ years.
these two issues may partly explain the previous inconclusive findings regarding inhibitory deficits in normal aging.
there were no differences between the positive and negative word choices of the younger and older adults in the priming group.
conclusion : the positivity effect worked by choosing positive stimuli rather than avoiding negative stimuli.
additional evidence for the efficacy of the cr program was found by comparing responses on a sri of cognitive ability between the two groups.
none : background / study context : reports of age-related differences on motion discrimination tasks have produced inconsistent findings concerning the influence of sex.
in addition , the influence of these manipulations on groups aged under and over @number@ years was explored.
in experiment @number@ coherent motion and relative motion displacement thresholds were obtained.
in experiment @number@ coherent motion thresholds were obtained for stimuli containing either @number@ or @number@ dots.
results : in experiment @number@ the older group had significantly higher thresholds on the relative motion displacement and coherent motion tasks than a younger group.
no differences in motion sensitivity were found in the older groups aged under or over @number@ years.
women regardless of age group had significantly higher thresholds than men on both tasks.
in the younger group , women had higher coherence thresholds than men with presentation of @number@ but not @number@ dots.
conclusion : difficulties with noise exclusion failed to explain the sex differences found.
in addition to age , developmental history and sex may provide further predictors in older individuals of decline on measures of motion discrimination.
due to increases in attentional requirements of upright stance in older adults , it is unclear if similar benefits would be observed in this population.
a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures on condition was performed for each postural control measure.
future studies should investigate a variety of cognitive tasks to determine the degree of postural improvement that can be observed in older adults.
introduction : androgen-deprivation therapy ( adt ) is recognized to be the preferred first-line treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
however , the risk-benefit ratio of adt remains poorly defined and the relationship between androgen depletion and dementia is not clear.
aim : to investigate the risk of developing alzheimer's disease ( ad ) in patients undergoing adt for prostate cancer.
methods : data from @number@ @number@ prostate cancer patients were collected from the longitudinal health insurance database of taiwan.
conclusions : the present results suggest that adt use is associated with an increased risk of developing ad.
we present a case report of an atypical giant pituitary adenoma secreting follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) .
a 55-year-old patient presented for erectile dysfunction , loss of libido and fatigue.
the biochemical evaluation showed very high fsh serum levels in the presence of central hypogonadism.
neither testicular enlargement nor increased sperm count was observed , thus a secretion of fsh with reduced biological activity was supposed.
the histological examination after neuro-surgery showed an atypical pituitary adenoma with fsh-positive cells.
thus , we hypothesized a concomitant primary testicular insufficiency.
hypophysectomized patients may represent a good model to assess both pharmacodynamics and effective dose of lh and hcg in the male.
design : the data were collected in direct interviews.
the sample ( n = @number@ ) consisted of @number@ women and @number@ men age 18-60 years.
the research tool was a questionnaire divided into @number@ sections.
the first one included quality attributes.
the second one included healthful properties , functional components , and carriers.
the third one concerned the motives for purchasing functional food and included the consequences and values.
in the fourth section the participants were asked about gender , age , and education.
results : gender , age , and education differentiated the criteria influencing the decision to purchase functional food.
clear differences between men and women appear in the field of functional components , which are significantly more important for women than for men.
gender , age , and education essentially differentiate the preferences for base product ( carrier ) .
young men prefer meat products in the role of functional carriers.
in turn , women and older men prefer cereal products as basic functional carriers.
young consumers are more open to high-technology food processing.
motivations are differentiated by age and gender.
women and older men are more interested in health safety and are more responsible for their health.
among young men , lower self-esteem can be found.
sociodemographic factors differentiate the motivations for consumption of functional food.
therefore , there is great interest in understanding mitochondrial metabolism and the complex relationship it has with other cellular processes.
a large number of studies on mitochondrial metabolism have been conducted in the last @number@ years , taking a broad range of approaches.
these tools have allowed the large number of studies that have shaped our current understanding of mitochondrial metabolism.
objective : to study the age and sex influence on bone and blood lead concentrations in a cohort of the general population living in toronto.
approach : a main results : no significant sex differences were observed in any of the age categories.
participants older than @number@ years of age demonstrated the highest concentrations of pb in their blood , tibia , and calcaneus bones.
significance : in most of the previous publications , uncertainty was not considered in the regression model of bone pb and age.
however , in this paper , we adjusted the bone pb values for the uncertainty level.
this had a significant influence in regression models of bone pb and thus we recommend that uncertainty be considered in future studies.
participation in cognitive activities ( e.g. reading ) and non-exercise physical activity ( e.g. housework ) was assessed by a self-reported scale.
results : during a five-year follow-up , @number@ participants developed incident cognitive impairment.
conclusions : late-life leisure activities protect against cognitive impairment among elderly chinese people , and the protective effects are more profound for educated elderly.
education level is a potentially protective factor explaining these differences , but results on its effects on vci are inconclusive.
methods : first , we performed a meta-analysis on formal education and vci , identifying @number@ studies ( n = 7770 ) .
the total sample consisted of @number@ young-stroke patients with a mean age at follow-up @number@ ( sd = 10.3 ) .
age and education-adjusted expected scores were computed using @number@ matched stroke-free controls.
below-average performance in the attention domain was more frequent for low-education patients ( χ2 ( @number@ ) = 9.8 ; p < .05 ) .
conclusions : while education level was found to be related to post-stroke vci in previous research , the effects were small.
further analysis in a large stroke cohort showed that these education effects were fully mediated by age , even in relatively young stroke patients.
education level in and of itself does not appear to be a valid indicator of cognitive reserve.
multi-indicator methods may be more valid , but have not been studied in relation to vci.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 223-238 ) .
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
current avenues of ad research focus on pre-symptomatic biomarkers that will assist with early diagnosis of ad.
conclusion : the current results indicate that sensitivity to white matter microstructure is a promising avenue for ad biomarker research.
additional longitudinal studies on both white and grey matter are warranted to further evaluate potential clinical utility.
little is known about how lesbians and gay men perceive the turning points that define their life trajectories.
the most common turning points identified were relationship and occupation related.
lesbians more frequently identified the break-up of a relationship and occupational and educational related experiences as turning points.
gay men more commonly indicated that the beginning of a relationship and hiv / aids related experiences were turning points.
the turning points were analyzed according to principles of the life course theory and narrative analysis.
while mechanisms are complex , these conditions are often accompanied by elevated angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) .
distinct stem cell ang ii receptor subtypes are critical for regulation of muscle regeneration.
in ischemic mouse congestive heart failure model skeletal muscle wasting and attenuated muscle regeneration are ang ii dependent.
these data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays a critical role in mechanisms underlying cachexia in chronic disease states.
purpose : evaluate brain iron accumulation in alcohol use disorder ( aud ) patients compared to controls using quantitative susceptibility mapping ( qsm ) .
methods : qsm was performed retrospectively by using phase images from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) .
@number@ male aud patients and @number@ matched healthy controls were examined.
average susceptibility values from each region were compared between the patients and controls.
the relationship between age and susceptibility was also explored.
aud did not significantly modulate the rate of susceptibility increase with age in our data.
conclusion : retrospective qsm computed from standard fmri datasets provides new opportunities for brain iron studies in psychiatry.
substantially elevated brain iron was found in aud subjects in the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus.
this was the first human aud brain iron study and the first retrospective clinical fmri qsm study.
design : retrospective cohort study ( canadian task force classification ii-2 ) .
there were no between-group differences in pathological features , except for myometrial invasion and the rate of positive pelvic lymph nodes.
therefore , we obtained a higher number of early stages in the mis group ( p < @number@ ) .
progression-free and overall survival were not significantly different in the @number@ groups.
when managed by an expert surgeon , a high-risk histological subtype should not be considered a contraindication for mis.
further prospectively randomized studies are needed to definitively evaluate the safety and feasibility of mis in early-stage type ii endometrial cancer.
aging is accompanied by a general decline in the physiological functions of the body with the deteriorating organ systems.
brain is no exception to this and deficits in cognitive functions are quite common in advanced aging.
though a variety of age-related alterations are observed in the structure and function throughout the brain , certain regions show selective vulnerability.
mounting evidences from behavioral settings suggest that stc could be a physiological phenomenon.
such an understanding is also crucial for designing interventions and preventive measures for successful brain aging.
skin changes have been described in myotonic dystrophy type @number@ ( dm1 ) .
however , whether and in which way skin is a target of specific disease alterations in dm1 and dm2 has not been yet clarified.
this study aims to explore cutaneous features of dm1 and dm2 patients.
skin examination was performed in @number@ dm1 , @number@ dm2 , and @number@ control , unselected patients by means of dermoscopy.
skin examination is highly informative in these patients and reveals features suggestive of premature aging and impaired vitamin d homeostasis.
multivariable linear regressions were conducted to assess associations between pfass and neuropsychological test scores.
mediation analyses were performed in a subset of @number@ participants for whom information was available on both pfass and ths.
we calculated th-mediated , non-th mediated , and total effects of pfass on neuropsychological test scores.
higher pfoa was associated with better performance in tasks of the california verbal learning test and the wisconsin card sorting test.
higher pfos was associated with improved performance in a wechsler memory scale subtest and block design subtest ( bdt ) total scores.
there was no evidence of mediation by ths for pfoa-neuropsychological function associations.
however , t4 and ft4 partially mediated the protective effect of pfos on bdt total scores.
our findings do not suggest that pfass are associated with poor neuropsychological function.
whole-genome and exome sequence data can be cost-effectively generated for the detection of rare-variant ( rv ) associations in families.
moreover , some family-based designs are robust to confounding due to population admixture or substructure.
we developed a rv extension of the generalized disequilibrium test ( gdt ) to analyze sequence data obtained from nuclear and extended families.
the rv-gdt has increased power by efficiently incorporating information beyond first-degree relatives and allows for the inclusion of covariates.
it is more powerful than existing family-based rv association methods , particularly for the analysis of extended pedigrees and pedigrees with missing data.
we analyzed whole-genome sequence data from families affected by alzheimer disease to illustrate the application of the rv-gdt.
objectives : to evaluate the impact of patient age on hospital resource use and treatment costs of acute abdominal pain ( aap ) .
all ct group patients underwent abdominal ct whereas in the sip group , imaging was based on the clinical assessment.
the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( icer ) and bootstrapped cost-effectiveness acceptability curve ( ceac ) were estimated for routine ct.
the proportion of patients with non-specific abdominal pain was significantly lower in patients ≥65years than in their younger counterparts ( p = 0.04 ) .
conclusion : treatment costs of aap increase in parallel with aging , and the costs are generally higher with routine ct compared to selective imaging.
the probability of obtaining a specific diagnosis of aap increases with aging.
if obtaining a specific diagnosis is deemed crucial , then routine ct is more cost-effective in patients over @number@ years compared to younger patients.
considering the diagnostic challenges of aap in the elderly , liberal ct use can be advocated in this patient group.
therefore there is still a need for new and effective oral agents in the combination therapy of lipid disorders.
expert opinion : etc-1002 is a novel oral lipid-lowering therapy.
adverse effects of current lipid-lowering agents can be dose-limiting , and combination approaches to lipid-lowering may often be utilized for optimal cv risk reduction.
because of this , new lipid-modulating drugs are urgently required.
etc-1002 has a unique mechanism of action ( adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase inhibition ) .
over the past three decades , the prevalence of diabetes has increased four-fold.
coupled with the global obesity epidemic and aging of the world's population , a perfect metabolic storm is brewing.
the influence of menopause and exogenous estrogen and progestogens must be included in this equation.
in this review , criteria for diagnosing diabetes and recommendations for screening are described.
evidence-based strategies to prevent diabetes in midlife women are highlighted.
vasohibin-2 ( vash2 ) is a homolog of vash1 , an endothelium-derived angiogenesis inhibitor.
vasohibin-2 is mainly expressed in cancer cells , and has been implicated in the progression of cancer by inducing angiogenesis and tumor growth.
although vash2 has been recently reported to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) , its precise roles are obscure.
decreased expression of vash2 in ovarian cancer cells significantly repressed the expression of tgf-β type i receptor , namely activin receptor-like kinase @number@
transforming growth factor-β1-induced phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 was markedly decreased in vash2 knockdown cells while the expression of smad2 and smad3 was unchanged.
accordingly , the responses to tgf-β1 shown by promoter assay and plasminogen activator inhibitor type @number@ expression were significantly attenuated in vash2 knockdown cells.
these results indicate that vash2 played a significant role in the emt by modulating the tgf-β signaling.
we propose that vash2 would be a novel molecular target for the prevention of emt in cancers.
stem cell therapy for stroke has advanced from the laboratory to the clinic , but remains as an experimental treatment.
safety of the stem cell therapy can be declared from these clinical trials , but efficacy warrants further investigations.
patients and methods : a total of @number@ patients with pt1-t2 , pn0-n1 invasive breast carcinoma treated from @number@ to @number@ were retrospectively evaluated.
patients underwent conservative surgery followed by whole-breast radiotherapy.
clavicular region irradiation was not performed.
results : with a median follow-up of @number@ years , locoregional recurrence rate was @percent@ ( nodal recurrence = 1.06% ) .
changes of intima media thickness , inflammatory and endothelial adhesion biomarkers levels , veterans aging cohort study index and framingham risk score were evaluated.
results : at baseline @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients showed pathological ultrasonographic findings.
after @number@ weeks , two patients showed an amelioration of intima media thickness.
of the remaining patients with plaques , four showed a reduction of the previously diagnosed plaque ; no patients worsened.
our sub-study included @number@ randomly selected men and @number@ women aged 61-75 years.
crf was assessed as peak oxygen consumption ( vo2peak ) measured in a maximal exercise test on cycle ergometer.
brain structural imaging was performed using a @number@.5-t scanner.
in women , no associations were found between vo2peak and brain volumes.
conclusion : crf is associated with cortical gm and total gm volumes in elderly men at increased risk for ad , but not in women.
for that , we have resorted to a high-throughput proteomic approach based on isobaric labeling , liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
the alterations undergone by the mitochondrial proteome revealed aging- and t2dm-specific hallmarks.
selenoprotein p ( selenop ) is a liver-derived transporter of selenium ( se ) in blood , and a meaningful biomarker of se status.
se is an essential trace element for the biosynthesis of enzymatically-active selenoproteins , protecting the organism from oxidative damage.
the usage of uncalibrated assays hinders the comparability of selenop concentrations and their pathophysiological interpretation across different clinical studies.
on this account , we established a new sandwich selenop-elisa and calibrated against a standard reference material ( srm1950 ) .
the elisa displays a wide working range ( @number@.6-538.4µg / l ) , high accuracy ( @percent@ ) and good precision ( @percent@ ) .
selenop was affinity-purified and its se content was determined from a subset of samples.
the se content of isolated selenop was independent of sex and age ( mean±sd : @number@.4±0.5 ) .
the se content of circulating selenop differs between individuals and may provide some important diagnostic information on se metabolism and status.
selective violation of expectations can add to aesthetic response but radical or frequent violations are likely to be disliked or not comprehended.
older and younger adults listened to melodies that had expected or unexpected ending notes , according to western music theory.
ratings of goodness-of-fit were similar in the groups , as was erp response to the note onset ( n1 ) .
lateralization patterns also differed.
twenty-nine of them ( @percent@ ) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
the multivariate cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent prognostic factors associated with dfs and os.
the 5-year dfs and os rates were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
endothelial dysfunction caused by endothelial cells senescence and chronic inflammation is tightly linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
nlrp3 ( nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing3 ) inflammasome plays a central role in inflammatory response that is associated with diverse inflammatory diseases.
this study explores the effects and possible mechanisms of nlrp3 inflammasome in endothelial cells senescence.
results show an increment of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin ( il ) -1β secretion and caspase-1 activation during the senescence of endothelial cells induced by bleomycin.
moreover , secreted il-1β promoted endothelial cells senescence through up-regulation of p53 / p21 protein expression.
nlrp3 inflammasome was found to mediate il-1β secretion through the production of ros ( reactive oxygen species ) during the senescence of endothelial cells.
furthermore , the association of txnip ( thioredoxin-interacting protein ) with nlrp3 induced by ros promoted nlrp3 inflammasome activation in senescent endothelial cells.
none : tendons transmit muscle-generated force through an extracellular matrix of aligned collagen fibrils.
a key element in this structure-function relationship is the collagen fibril length.
during embryogenesis short fibrils are produced but they grow rapidly with maturation.
there is some controversy regarding fibril length in adult tendon , with mechanical data generally supporting discontinuity while structural investigations favor continuity.
this study initially set out to trace the full length of individual fibrils in adult human tendons , using serial block face-scanning electron microscopy.
but even with this advanced technique the required length could not be covered.
instead a statistical approach was used on a large volume of fibrils in shorter image stacks.
only a single end was observed after tracking @number@.5mm of combined fibril lengths , in support of fibril continuity.
in light of these results , possible mechanisms that could reconcile the opposing findings on fibril continuity are discussed.
connective tissues provide mechanical strength and one of the most demanding tissues in this regard are tendons , which transmit the forces generated by muscles.
this in turn is important for understanding the repair processes after such damage occurs.
currently the issue of fibril length is contentious , but this study provides evidence that the fibrils are extremely long and likely continuous.
twenty-four younger adults ( 20-30years ) and @number@ older adults ( 61-76years ) participated in this study.
participants performed a stop-signal task , which included a choice rt block , global stop-signal block , and stimulus-selective stop-signal block.
we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the wrn gene was associated with risk of ischemic vascular disease in the general population.
of these , @number@ developed ischemic vascular disease during follow-up.
results : a total of @number@ non-synonymous variants were identified in the cchs.
conclusions : this study suggests that common genetic variation in wrn is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the general population.
context : families of persons with dementia continue to report unmet needs during end of life ( eol ) .
design : a systematic review of databases and gray literature was conducted for recent cpgs.
guidelines meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation ii instrument.
quality cpgs were analyzed through organizational template analysis using illness domains described by the \ "canadian hospice palliative care association model. \ "
the study protocol is registered at prospero ( crd @number@ ) .
results : eleven cpgs were selected and analyzed from @number@ citations.
nine guidelines demonstrated the maximum level of content regarding physical , psychological , and social care.
conversely , spiritual care was either absent ( three ) or minimal ( three ) in cpgs.
six cpgs did not address loss or grief , and seven cpgs did not address or had minimal content regarding eol care.
conclusions : the lack of content surrounding grief represents a gap for this population at high risk for complicated grief and chronic sorrow.
results of this review require attention by cpg developers and researchers to develop evidence-based recommendations surrounding spiritual care , eol , and grief.
objective : this study investigates the independent and combined potential of slowed gait speed and slowed processing speed as predictors of adverse health outcomes.
the role of depressive symptoms in these associations is also investigated.
also , time to pcd , falls , and mortality were assessed.
cox ( for pcd and mortality ) and stratified cox ( for falls ) regression models were used.
each association remained significant after adjusting for the other slowing symptom.
slowed processing speed only predicted falls in the presence of slowed gait ( interaction ) .
a slowing sum score that combines both slowing symptoms predicted all three outcomes.
the associations were not influenced by depressive symptoms.
a reduction in executive function ( ef ) performance is a major factor associated with the loss of functional independence among older adults.
as indicated by lin's concordance reliability ( pc = 0.82 ) between testing days was high and was supported by a cronbach's alpha of @number@
bland-altman analyses also demonstrated good agreement between the testing days with a small mean difference @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) .
fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were acquired using a high-resolution 3-dimensional ( 3-d ) sequence that reduced partial volume effects seen with slice-based techniques.
conclusions : wmhs are usefully divided into dwmh and pwmh regions because they demonstrate differential effects.
3-d regional wmh volume is a potentially valuable marker for cvd based on associations with cortical cbf and wm cbf.
peroxisomes carry out many key functions related to lipid and reactive oxygen species ( ros ) metabolism.
here , we review recent developments in understanding the pathophysiological implications of peroxisomal dysfunctions outside the context of inherited peroxisomal disorders.
although age-associated changes in kidney glomerular architecture have been described in mice and man , the mechanisms are unknown.
it is unclear if these changes can be prevented or even reversed by systemic therapies administered at advanced age.
baseline ( 24-month-old ) mice were randomized to receive @number@ weeks of ss-31 , or saline , and killed at @number@ months of age.
ss-31 treatment improved age-related mitochondrial morphology and glomerulosclerosis.
assessment of glomeruli revealed that ss-31 reduced senescence ( p16 , ) and increased the density of parietal epithelial cells.
however , ss-31 treatment reduced markers of parietal epithelial cell activation ( collagen iv , perk1 / 2 , and α-smooth muscle actin ) .
ss-31 did not impact podocyte density , but it reduced markers of podocyte injury ( desmin ) and improved cytoskeletal integrity ( synaptopodin ) .
this was accompanied by higher glomerular endothelial cell density ( cd31 ) .
this systemic pharmacological intervention in old-aged animals limits glomerulosclerosis and senescence , reduces parietal epithelial cell activation , and improves podocyte and endothelial cell integrity.
age determination from images can be of vital importance , particularly in cases involving suspected child sexual abuse ( csa ) .
an online questionnaire consisting of @number@ juvenile face images was created using surveymonkey®.
the overall results suggested poor accuracy for visual age estimation of juvenile faces.
the age , sex , occupation and number of children of the participants did not affect the ability to estimate age from facial images.
similarly , the sex and age of the juvenile faces did not appear to affect the accuracy of age estimation.
this study suggests that the accuracy of juvenile age estimation from the face alone is poor using simple visual assessment of images.
objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-y survival of elderly patients with cancer and the association between undernutrition and mortality.
methods : this was a cohort study with elderly patients ages ≥65 y admitted between september and @date@ .
vital status was determined from the medical records or public records office.
overall survival was estimated using the kaplan-meier method.
cox regression was performed to estimate unadjusted hazard ratios.
variables with p < @number@ by univariate analysis were selected for multivariate analysis.
p < @number@ was considered statistically significant.
the mortality rate was @percent@ after @number@ mo.
one-year mortality was higher among the undernourished patients , followed by patients at risk for undernutrition.
conclusion : the results showed that the mna-sf can be a useful tool in identifying elderly patients at higher risk for 1-y mortality.
the number of causal errors was higher in healthy older adults compared to ad patients but affective content attenuated the effect.
causal errors increased in ad patients when stories included affective ( positive or negative ) outcomes.
in addition , negative content produced a larger number of errors than positive content across groups.
this data confirms that although memory processing is poorer in ad , it is sensitive to affective content.
some of these functional abnormalities can be explained by aberrant dna damage response and chromosomal instability.
due to the presence of mitochondrial disturbances , a-t , bs and nbs may be considered mitochondrial diseases.
excess activity of antioxidant enzymes and an insufficient amount of low molecular weight antioxidants indicate new pharmacological strategies for patients suffering from the aforementioned diseases.
therefore , it is necessary to conduct experimental studies in a human model.
white matter lesions play a role in cognitive decline and dementia.
one presumed pathway is through disconnection of functional networks.
little is known about location-specific effects of lesions on functional connectivity.
this study examined location-specific effects within anatomically-defined white matter tracts in @number@ participants of the rotterdam study , aged 50-95.
tracts were delineated from diffusion magnetic resonance images using probabilistic tractography.
lesions were segmented on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images.
indirect connectivity analyses revealed that tract-specific functional connectivity is affected by lesions in several tracts simultaneously.
these results suggest that local white matter lesions can decrease tract-specific functional connectivity , both in direct and indirect connections.
male university students ( n = @number@ ) with body mass index of ≥27 were enrolled.
levels of physical activity were significantly higher in this group.
conclusions : the addition of financial incentives to smartcare was effective in increasing physical activity and reducing obesity.
it has been shown that nabs regulate immune system , and can be changed during the individual's life.
whereas a large number of igm and igg nabs have a key role in tissue homeostasis , while others modulate cellular and enzyme properties.
kawasaki disease is a multisystemic vasculitis that can result in coronary artery lesions.
coronary artery involvement is the most important complication of kawasaki disease and may cause significant coronary stenosis resulting in ischemic heart disease.
the introduction of intravenous immunoglobulin decreases the incidence of coronary artery lesions to less than @percent@.
the etiopathogenesis of this disease remains unclear.
several lines of evidence suggest that an interplay between a microbial infection and a genetic predisposition could take place in the development of the disease.
cosmeceuticals are intermediate products between prescription medications and cosmetics , available to consumers over the counter.
these products are popular and may be used without the direct supervision of a dermatologist , creating a practice gap in educating patients.
herein , a variety of cosmeceuticals are discussed , including retinoids , niacinamide , and glycolic acid.
the evidence for and against cosmeceutical use in patients with acne is reviewed.
in neurodegenerative diseases activation of immune cells is thought to play a major role.
microglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system.
when encountering disease related stimuli microglia adopt an activated phenotype that typically includes a rounded morphology.
the exact role of microglia or other potentially infiltrating myeloid cells in different brain diseases is not fully understood.
methods : surface light scattering was reproduced experimentally by acceleratedly aging @number@ intraocular lenses by @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years each.
light scattering from both iol surfaces was measured using scheimpflug photography.
the influences on the retina image were examined using a hartmann-shack aberrometer ( wavelength : @number@ nm ) .
the contrast and difference from the point spread function of the central centroids were evaluated.
conclusion : this experimental study using aged iols demonstrated that surface light scattering does not influence paraxial forward scattering.
objective : to comprehensively assess neurobiological effects of the protective apoe2 allele in the aged brain using a cross-sectional multimodal neuroimaging approach.
additional models examined genotype-specific effects of age on the imaging markers.
concerns regarding resource expenditures have been expressed about the @number@ nia-aa sponsored guidelines for neuropathologic assessment of alzheimer disease ( ad ) and related dementias.
the condensed protocol consolidates the same @number@ regions into @number@ tissue cassettes at ∼75% lower cost.
three neuropathologists at @number@ sites performed blinded evaluations of these cases.
lesion specificity was similar between original and condensed protocols.
specificity for caa was decreased using the condensed protocol when compared with the original protocol.
diabetes mellitus increasingly afflicts our aging and dysmetabolic population.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus and the antecedent metabolic syndrome represent the vast majority of the disease burden-increasingly prevalent in children and older adults.
however , type @number@ diabetes mellitus is also advancing in preadolescent children.
as such , a crushing wave of cardiometabolic disease burden now faces our society.
preclinical models of these dysmetabolic settings have provided insights into the pathobiology of arterial calcification.
recent studies implicate the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in contributing to the phenotypic drift of mineralizing vascular progenitors.
current study evaluated the association of within-normal-range serum sodium with cardiovascular risk factors.
furthermore , elevated sodium promoted lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes , suggesting direct causative effects on lipid metabolism.
conclusions : serum sodium concentration is a cardiovascular risk factor even within the normal reference range.
acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) is a devastating critical illness disproportionately affecting the elderly population , with both higher incidence and mortality.
the integrity of the lung endothelial cell ( ec ) monolayer is critical for preservation of lung function.
however , mechanisms mediating ec barrier regulation in the context of aging remain unclear.
we evaluated the role of aging in human lung ec barrier regulation utilizing a cellular model of replicative senescence.
senescent ec populations were defined by increases in β-galactosidase activity and p16 levels.
in response to lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) challenge , senescent ecs demonstrate exacerbated permeability responses compared with control \ "young \ " ecs.
however , senescent ecs demonstrated deficient nox4 ubiquitination , resulting in sustained expression of nox4 and alterations in cellular redox homeostasis.
pharmacological inhibition of nox4 in senescent ecs reduced lps-induced alterations in permeability.
the present study attempts to uncover this paradoxical association between ua and cognitive impairment in elderly.
@number@ elderly patients were retrospectively evaluated and included in the study.
participants underwent determination of circulating ua levels and comprehensive geriatric assessment.
a serum ua concentration≥7.0mg / dl in males and ≥5.7mg / dl in females were considered hyperuricemia.
the mean age of patients was @number@.72±8.76years.
the prevalence of hyperuricemia was @percent@.
objectives : there are no evidenced-based rehabilitative guidelines for postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) patients.
this qualitative study provides evidence on the acceptability of an effective postsurgical exercise intervention targeting the self-management of cancer-related fatigue to fill this gap.
data sources : qualitative perspective of @number@ individuals randomized to a 6-week exercise program following hospital discharge post-thoracotomy for nsclc.
conclusion : postsurgical nsclc participants found this rehabilitative exercise intervention highly acceptable because it removed traditional barriers to exercise.
indices of pain ( threshold , tolerance , intensity , unpleasantness , facial expressions ) and facial expressions of emotion were analyzed.
facial expressions of pain and happiness were more prominent when a family member was present.
in the presence of a stranger , pain was reported as less unpleasant and facial expressions of fear were more frequent.
in examining sex differences , male participants reported higher pain tolerance and female participants displayed more prominent facial expressions of pain.
results show that the presence of others influences the experience and expression of pain in older persons.
perspective : we showed that the presence of others influences the experience and expression of pain in older adults.
the presence of a family member increases nonverbal pain expressiveness whereas the presence of a stranger results in decreased self-reported pain unpleasantness.
the data were collected in 2011-2015 and analyzed in 2015-2016.
for all metrics , classification accuracy within @number@ quartile was > 90%.
conclusions : these data provide reassurance that a 7-day accelerometer-assessment protocol provides a reproducible ( and practical ) measure of physical activity and sedentary time.
for the past few years , the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) for the treatment of several pathologies has been investigated.
fifteen healthy volunteers participated per group.
no significant differences were found between the three conditions for the young group with regard to accuracy and vocal reaction times.
in contrast , in the elderly group , real stimulation improved performance compared to sham but bihemispheric tdcs was more efficient than unilateral stimulation.
these results suggest that bihemispheric stimulation is more effective in improving language learning but this effect is age-dependent.
the hypothesis is advanced that cortical changes in the course of aging might differentially impact on tdcs efficacy on behavioral performance.
these data may also have implications for treatment of stroke patients with language impairment.
however , the underlying mechanisms remain to be established.
the in vitro experiments showed that ob-plasma significantly impaired endothelial insulin-stimulated no production and bioavailability compared to ctrl-plasma.
in parallel , in huvecs ob-plasma increased grp78 and activated perk , eif2α , ikbα and atf6 ( all er stress markers ) .
moreover , ob-plasma increased nf-κb activation and its nuclear translocation.
notably , all these effects proved to be significantly restored by using pba and tudca , known er stress inhibitors.
background : physical activity ( pa ) levels of older adults living in a care setting are known to be very low.
this is a significant health ( care ) problem , as regular pa has many health benefits also at advanced age.
research on automatic processes underlying pa behaviour in physically inactive older adults is yet non-existing.
since people are unconsciously influenced by people around them ( i.e. by ' social norms' ) automatic processes could be used to promote pa.
methods : forty-seven care clients met the inclusion criteria.
participants were debriefed later.
results : mean age was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ range 80-95 ) and @percent@ of the participants were male.
at baseline , there were no significant differences in self-rated health and pa between the experimental and control group.
results indicated that implicit descriptive norm information was associated with implicit pa intention ( p = @number@ fisher's exact test ) .
no significant effects were found on explicit intention.
blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) dysfunction might be an important component of many neurodegenerative disorders.
in this study , we investigated its role in dementia using large clinical cohorts.
however , this measure was not changed during preclinical or prodromal alzheimer's disease and was not associated with amyloid positron emission tomography or apoe genotype.
in healthy elderly , high body mass index and waist-hip ratio predicted increased qalb @number@ years later.
in summary , bbb permeability is increased in major dementia disorders but does not relate to amyloid pathology or apoe genotype.
instead , bbb impairment may be associated with diabetes and brain microvascular damage.
this review describes the recent molecular advances that have been uncovered in normal and diseased mammalian cells.
lacrimal gland function has been shown to decrease with aging , a known potent risk factor for dry eye.
we have previously found that orally administrated royal jelly ( rj ) restored tear secretion in a rat model of dry eye.
methods and findings : we examined the effects of rj oral administration on dry eye in this prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study.
adverse events were reported via medical interviews.
in the rj group , tear volume significantly increased after intervention ( p = @number@ ) .
no adverse events were reported.
we also investigated the effect of rj ( @number@ mg / kg per day ) administration using a mouse model of dry eye.
orally repeated administration of rj preserved tear secretion , potentially through direct activation of the secretory function of the lacrimal glands.
conclusion : our results suggest that rj improves tear volume in patients with dry eye.
trial registration : registered no. the university hospital medical information network in japan ( umin000014446 ) .
background : alu element instability could contribute to gene function variance in aging , and may partly explain variation in human lifespan.
design : preliminary cohort study.
although there have been previous studies on lf hypertrophy , its pathomechanism remains unclear.
the purpose of this study is to establish a relevant mouse model of lf hypertrophy and to examine disease-related factors.
first , we focused on mechanical stress and developed a loading device for applying consecutive mechanical flexion-extension stress to the mouse lf.
we therefore examined the influence of infiltrating macrophages on lf hypertrophy.
aim : modern office workers are often impacted by chronic neck / shoulder pain.
most of the previous studies which investigated the relationship of the occupational factors and musculoskeletal symptoms had adopted questionnaire survey.
in this study the microcirculatory characteristics and perceived symptoms in neck / shoulder region were compared among office workers with sedentary lifestyle.
methods : thirty-seven female office workers were recruited in this study.
a chinese version of the standardized nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire ( nmq ) were also administered to collect the information of perceived neck / shoulder symptoms.
correlations between the perfusion characteristics and the individual / occupational factors were analyzed using the spearman test.
results : there were @percent@ participants reported neck or shoulder pain symptoms.
and there was a @percent@ reduction in the mmbf value of the workers from age of @number@ to @number@
the duration of shoulder pain showed a moderately negative correlation with pmbf values ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : in this study , the ldf method was used for the first time in the workplace in taiwan.
it was demonstrated that the mmbf in shoulder region were affected by aging effect and towards lower value at higher pain level.
impaired microcirculation caused by age effect , when coupled with sedentary lifestyle , was found to be more likely to evoke ischemia shoulder pain.
further studies are needed to assess current indicator , pp value , and the underlying mechanism of pain caused by sedentary lifestyle.
blinded reviewers interpreted ca to determine the ira and cmr to determine the location of infarction on a 17-segment model.
in patients with multiple infarcts on cmr , acuity was determined with t2-weighted imaging and / or evidence of microvascular obstruction.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were found to have a mismatch between the ira identified on cmr and ca.
in @date@ cases , there were multiple infarcts noted on cmr.
conclusions : in this select population of patients , the identification of the ira by ca was incorrect in @percent@ of patients presenting with stemi.
four patients with a mismatch had an acute infarction in more than one coronary artery territory on cmr.
the role of cmr in patients presenting with stemi with multi-vessel disease on ca deserves further investigation.
we assessed the cross-sectional relationship between hiv serostatus , age , thigh muscle attenuation , and thigh muscle cross-sectional area ( csa ) .
these findings suggest that lower muscle quality among hiv-infected persons may be a risk factor for impairments in physical function with aging.
however , resources are limited and health-care budgets are finite.
methods : an electronic search of @number@ online databases ( embase , medline , and healthstar ) was conducted to identify eligible studies.
the reference lists of identified articles were then screened.
all studies evaluating outcomes following outpatient tha , tka , or uka were included.
non-comparative studies were assessed for quality with use of the effective public health practice project ( ephpp ) quality assessment instrument.
results : the electronic literature search yielded @number@ articles.
following a review of the titles , abstracts and reference lists , @number@ articles remained and were assessed for eligibility.
of those , @number@ articles ( ≈79 , 500 patients ) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.
studies assessing satisfaction illustrated a high level of satisfaction for the majority of patients.
the average age of the patients in the tha studies ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
the tka and uka studies included an older population , with mean ages ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
the majority of the included studies included a larger percentage of males as compared with females.
of the @number@ included studies , @number@ were cohort studies with a control group and @number@ were case series.
all @number@ cohort studies indicated that the complication rates and clinical outcomes were similar between the inpatient and outpatient groups.
furthermore , the @number@ studies that involved an economic analysis indicated that outpatient arthroplasty is financially advantageous.
conclusions : in selected patients , outpatient tha , tka , and uka can be performed safely and effectively.
the included studies lacked sufficient internal validity , sample size , methodological consistency , and standardization of protocols and outcomes.
level of evidence : therapeutic level iv.
see instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
objectives : to investigate whether markers of obstructive sleep apnea severity are associated with gray matter changes among middle-aged and older individuals.
methods : seventy-one subjects ( ages , 55-76 yr ; apnea-hypopnea index , @date@ @number@ events / h ) were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.
measurements and main results : subjects had few symptoms , that is , sleepiness , depression , anxiety , and cognitive deficits.
although no association was found with voxel-based morphometry , freesurfer revealed increased gray matter with obstructive sleep apnea.
respiratory disturbances positively correlated with right amygdala volume , and more severe sleep fragmentation was associated with increased thickness of the right inferior frontal gyrus.
conclusions : gray matter hypertrophy and thickening were associated with hypoxemia , respiratory disturbances , and sleep fragmentation.
she was noted as having a 1-week history of vision loss in her left eye , along with a 2-month history of a nonspecific headache.
visual acuity was 20 / 32 in her left eye and 20 / 20 in her right eye.
angiographically , hyperfluorescent round leakage points confirmed the presence of five saccular rams.
surprisingly , computed tomography angiography completed based on the recommendation of neurology department identified three saccular cas.
aging , hypertension , and female preponderance are the common risk factors for both rams and cas.
accordingly , rams and cas may exist simultaneously in hypertensive patients.
[ ophthalmic surg lasers imaging retina.
@number@ ; 48 : 79-82. ] .
the capacity for recovery may be negatively impacted by advancing age but can be boosted by interventions such as diet restriction and exercise.
progressive neurodegenerative diseases like alzheimer's disease ( ad ) or parkinson's disease ( pd ) are an increasing threat to human health worldwide.
therefore , the simple but well-established drosophila model-system provides an alternative for investigating the molecular pathways that are affected in these diseases.
besides behavioral deficits , neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by histological phenotypes such as neuronal death and axonopathy.
neurodegeneration is then assessed by measuring the size and / or number of vacuoles that have developed in the fly brain.
longitudinal study of the heartbeat in small animals contributes to understanding structural and functional changes during heart development.
optical coherence microscopy ( ocm ) has been demonstrated to be capable of imaging small animal hearts with high spatial resolution and ultrahigh imaging speed.
the high image contrast and noninvasive properties make ocm ideal for performing longitudinal studies without requiring tissue dissections or staining.
the protocol here would provide an effective method to perform a wide range of studies to understand the mechanisms of cardiac diseases in humans.
methods : this retrospective study included @number@ eyes of @number@ patients with ded.
the densities of corneal endothelial cells and subbasal nerves were measured in both visits and compared with @number@ eyes of @number@ normal age-matched controls.
the endothelial cell loss showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the initial subbasal nerve density ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : patients with ded have an accelerated corneal endothelial cell loss compared with that reported in the literature for normal aging.
those with lower subbasal nerve density , in particular , are at a higher risk for endothelial cell loss over time.
background : few studies have examined the associations among family , friend , and coworker social support for physical activity.
it is important to know the sources of social support that facilitate and promote physical activity among fulltime working adults.
the intervention for the worksite study was booster breaks ( a physical activity routine of @number@ minutes ) practiced daily to break-up prolonged sitting time.
descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were conducted using spss version @number@
conclusions : coworker social support is an important correlate of physical activity and should be incorporated in workplace health promotion programs.
background : the aging of the workforce poses new challenges for maintaining work ability.
this report will focus on the employees ' physical capacity during a nine-month program.
submaximal aerobic capacity was tested by a calibrated cycle ergometer with a commercial program ( aino fitware pro , helsinki , finland ) .
musculoskeletal tests assessed muscle strength , balance and mobility.
results : during the 9-month follow-up of the rehabilitation program , the employees ' physical capacity was improved.
the follow-up test scores from a total of @number@ employees were significantly higher in the submaximal aerobic capacity test ( p < @number@ ) .
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure.
most ad cases are sporadic where age represents the greatest risk factor.
lack of understanding of the disease mechanism hinders the development of efficacious therapeutic approaches.
oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in the progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including ad.
while mounting evidence implicates ros in the ad etiology , clinical trials with antioxidant therapies have not produced consistent results.
there exist several dozen lines of transgenic mice that express human amyloid-β protein precursor ( aβpp ) with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) -linked mutations.
here , we provide a direct quantitative comparison of amyloid plaque burdens and plaque sizes in four lines of aβpp transgenic mice.
plaque-size distributions changed across the lifespan in a line- and region-dependent manner.
we also compared the dense-core plaque burdens in the mice to those measured in a set of pathologically-confirmed ad cases from the nun study.
cortical plaque burdens in tg2576 , appsweps1δe9 , and 5xfad mice eventually far exceeded those measured in the human cohort.
objective : to develop an instrument based on istaart-aa mbi criteria.
methods : eighteen subject matter experts participated in development using a modified delphi process.
instrument language was developed a priori to pertain to non-demented functionally independent older adults.
conclusion : the mbi-c provides the first measure specifically developed to assess the mbi construct as explicitly described in the criteria.
its utility lies in mbi case detection , and monitoring the emergence of mbi symptoms and domains over time.
studies are required to determine the prognostic value of mbi for dementia development , and for predicting different dementia subtypes.
this article reviews the multidisciplinary social science literature assessing the social consequences of medical treatment for male sexual dysfunction.
the cd36 scavenger receptor binds several ligands and mediates ligand uptake and ligand-dependent signal transduction and gene expression , events that may involve cd36 internalization.
similar to that , inhibition of selective lipid transport of the sr-bi scavenger receptor resulted mainly in reduction of αtp and not αt uptake.
interestingly , αtp and epc-k1 also reduced the neutral lipid content of thp-1 cells and the phagocytosis of fluorescent staphylococcus aureus bioparticles.
j. cell.
biochem.
118 : 1855-1867 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
objective : to investigate the impact of hearing aid ( ha ) and cochlear implant ( ci ) use on loneliness in adults.
study design : prospective observational cohort study.
the most substantial increases were observed in individuals with the lowest baseline scores.
conclusion : treatment of hearing loss with cis results in a significant reduction in loneliness symptoms.
this improvement was not observed with has.
level of evidence : 2b.
laryngoscope , 127 : 1885-1889 , @number@
in addition , the effect of carrying an ε4 allele on individual cognitive domains was assessed in separate meta-analyses.
results : the average effect size of apoe ε4 status was non-significant across cognitive domains.
further consideration of genotype effects indicates preclinical effects of apoe ε4 may be observable in memory and executive functioning.
conclusions : the cognitive profile of apoe ε4 carriers at mid-age remains elusive.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 239-253 ) .
background : while the impact of copd in western-europe is known , data from eastern-europe is scarce.
patient characteristics , treatment , quality-of-life , healthcare resource use , and costs were systematically assessed.
results : a total of @number@ copd patients were enrolled.
approximately @percent@ were male , @percent@ had occupational risk factors , @percent@ had severe and @percent@ had very severe copd.
annual per-patient costs of healthcare utilization were €579.
yearly pharmacotherapy costs were €693.
indirect costs ( reduced and lost work productivity ) outnumbered direct costs three times.
conclusions : bulgaria has relatively high percentages of ( very ) severe copd patients , resulting in considerable socio-economic burden.
high smoking rates , occupational risk factors , air pollution , and a differential health system may be related to this finding.
eastern-european copd strategies should focus on prevention , risk-factor awareness , and early detection.
because people age differently , age is not a sufficient marker of susceptibility to disabilities , morbidities , and mortality.
background : pancreatic cancer is a disease of older adults , who may present with limited physiologic reserve.
the authors hypothesized that a frailty index can predict postoperative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( pd ) .
methods : all patients who underwent pd were identified in the 2005-2012 nsqip participant use file.
an mfi score of @number@ or higher was defined as a high mfi.
uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate postoperative outcomes.
results : this study enrolled @number@ patients ( age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ female ) who underwent pd.
of these patients , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) had a high mfi ( > 0.27 ) .
increasing mfi was associated with higher prevalence of postoperative morbidity ( p < @number@ ) and 30-days mortality ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : high mfi is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality after pd and can aid in preoperative risk stratification.
knowing the biological age of the neonates enables us to evaluate and better understand the health and maturity comprehensively.
however , because of dearth of biomarkers , it is difficult to quantify the neonatal biological age.
we observed that the methylation age at birth was independent of the infant's sex but was significantly influenced by race.
hypertension is a major health problem with great consequences for public health.
despite its role as the primary cause of significant morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease , the pathogenesis of essential hypertension remains largely unknown.
over the last several decades , the understanding of the brain's role in the development of hypertension has dramatically increased.
the time taken to walk was measured.
all participants completed the korean mini-mental state examination , which was validated in the korean language , to assess cognitive function.
additionally , the participants completed a polysomnography test to ascertain osa ( defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥15 ) .
multivariable linear regression models were utilised to test the associations.
our aim was to assess the relationship between sua and measures of ef in a cohort of elderly community-dwellers.
cardiovascular risk factors , serum hormonal and metabolic mediators , and body composition were considered as potential confounders.
advances in retinal imaging may provide new and potentially important insights into cerebrovascular neurodegenerative processes in addition to what is currently possible with neuro-imaging.
in this review , we present an overview of the current literature on the application of retinal imaging in the study of dementia and stroke.
interestingly , the neurobiological relevance of the relevant parameter at the individual level describes specific differences associated with aging.
in this context , notably the classifier includes a sub-population of patients with minimal cognitive impairment into the pathological domain.
conclusion : our classifier offers promising features for an accessible biomarker that predicts the risk of conversion to alzheimer's disease.
data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni ) database ( adni.loni.usc.edu ) .
a complete listing of adni investigators can be found at : @url@ to apply / adni acknowledgement list.pdf.
the analysis of time-series examinations in a linear mixed effects model allowed the discrimination of population-based aging processes from individual determinants.
the variability potential of a phenotype , on the background of the same genotype , is termed \ "phenotypic plasticity \ ".
this is considered by some scientists as a more important evolutionary procedure than mutation based natural selection.
in this review , i discuss the fact that micrornas have the potential to determine significantly the spectrum of phenotypic plasticity by regulating translation rate.
micrornas constitute a complicate network that can adjust at a variety of external environmental stimuli.
they can also rebalance genome's function after genomic duplication events.
despite this , phenotypic plasticity is not limitless.
modern way of human life is pushing our physiology at its limits.
on the other site , old people have dysregulated microrna levels , this reducing their potential for plastic phenotypes.
can we intervene correcting this dysregulation ?
the system is very complicate and our knowledge is incomplete.
the genetic contribution to the variation in skin aging in non-caucasian populations is poorly understood.
methods : we collected skin aging and genotype data in @number@ female han chinese from the taizhou cohort.
we evaluated skin aging by the validated skin aging score scinexa™.
confounding factors were assessed through a questionnaire.
we obtained the genotype data for @number@ candidate snps and for a further @number@ snps from @number@ related candidate genes.
associations were tested by linear and logistic regression analyses and adjusted for potential confounders.
results : our candidate study found a significant association between snp rs2066853 in exon @number@ of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene ahr and crow's feet.
conclusions : our results identified genetic risk factors for signs of skin aging ( pigmentation , wrinkles or laxity ) in han chinese.
we also found that the manifestation of skin aging is further modified by anatomical site.
it is a common site of cancer , and unlike other glands , it typically enlarges in aging men.
in flies , the male accessory glands make many major seminal fluid components.
a key protein , sex peptide , is not conserved in vertebrates but plays a central role in mediating long-term effects on females after mating.
although postmitotic , one epithelial cell type in the accessory glands , the secondary cell , continues to grow in adults.
it secretes microvesicles called exosomes from the endosomal multivesicular body , which , after mating , fuse with sperm.
they also appear to affect female postmating behavior.
remarkably , the human prostate epithelium also secretes exosomes , which fuse to sperm in vitro to modulate their activity.
exosomes from prostate and other cancer cells are increasingly proposed to play fundamental roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis.
cscs may derive from a few tumor-initiating cells , which are either transformed normal stem cells or reprogrammed differentiated cells after acquiring initial cancer-causing mutations.
cscs and normal stem cells share some properties , but cscs differ from normal stem cells in their tumorigenic ability.
notably , cscs are usually resistant to chemo- and radiation therapies.
despite the apparent roles of cscs in human cancers , the biology underlying their behaviors remains poorly understood.
over the past few years , studies in drosophila have significantly contributed to this new frontier of cancer research.
however , none of these factors can independently predict disease with significant precision.
the number of people diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases has increased noteworthy in the last @number@ years.
epigenetic modifications include dna methylation , histone modifications , and small and long noncoding rnas.
study design : longitudinal random effects modelling.
methods : we used six waves of the biennial english longitudinal study of ageing spanning 2002-2012.
models were adjusted for health , employment and wealth.
results were significant in fully adjusted models for those deteriorating from optimal to suboptimal vision levels.
conclusions : preventing deterioration in vision is the best means of ensuring well-being is not negatively affected by changes to sight.
in addition , ensuring vision problems are corrected where possible may lead to improvements in well-being.
background : cell therapy for intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency ( isd ) in women has been moderately effective , and improvements are needed.
to improve treatment efficacy , it is important to better understand determinates of cell efficacy in the different patient cohorts.
autologous skeletal muscle precursor cells ( skmpcs , @number@ million ) were injected into the urinary sphincter @number@ weeks after a surgically induced isd procedure.
consideration of , and alternatives for , these patient cohorts should be considered.
background : the african , caribbean and black communities have been found to be reluctant to participate in health research in north america.
this is partly attributed to historical experiences as well as their cultural beliefs.
study design : qualitative study involving in-depth interviews.
women's recommendations to facilitate successful recruitment included giving incentives to participants , and employing a recruiter who was trustworthy , informed , and culturally sensitive.
backgrounds : selenium ( se ) as one of the essential trace elements for human plays an important role in the oxidation reduction system.
but the high toxicity of se limits its application.
the antioxidant tests of the dpph , abts , and lipid peroxide models showed that these cs-senps could scavenge free radicals at different levels.
such effects were more evident in viscera than in skin.
all cs-senps could penetrate the tissues and perform their antioxidant effects , especially the cs ( l ) -senps in mice models.
what's more , the antioxidant capacities of cs-senps were more evident in viscera than in skin.
the correlations of genotypes with metabolic risks were then determined.
multiple regression analysis displayed that the tc level of lg reversely associated with bdnf val66met genotype.
background : many studies have been conducted to quantitatively estimate biological age using measurable biomarkers.
a validation study using cohort data found biological age to be a superior index for disease-related mortality than chronological age.
methods : the data consists of @number@ cases of death from @number@ koreans at 20-93 years old , surveyed from @number@ to @number@
biological ages were computed using @number@ biomarkers measured in general health check-ups using an algorithm based on principal component analysis.
the influence of biological age on future mortality was analyzed using cox proportional hazards regression considering gender , chronological age , and event type.
results : in the living subjects , the average biological age was almost the same as the average chronological age.
the death rate significantly increased as biological age became larger than chronological age ( linear trend test , p value < @number@ ) .
this benefit covers frequent , brief , clinic visits designed to address older adult obesity.
discussion : we describe the challenges in the implementation and delivery into real-world settings.
however , studies based on mutual body odor aversion are rather inconclusive.
we therefore investigated whether children's reports of individuals smelling good or bad differed as a function of age and pubertal status.
further , in both girls and boys alike , children with higher puberty scores were more likely to name children than adults.
age affects the human taste system at peripheral and central levels.
little is known about how age , metabolic syndrome , and hunger state interact to influence how the brain processes information about taste.
we scanned young and elderly adults , half with risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome twice : once fasted overnight and once after a preload.
functional magnetic resonance imaging data indicated significant effects of age as well as interactive effects with metabolic syndrome and hunger condition.
many persons misidentify the quality of taste stimuli , a phenomenon termed \ "taste confusion. \ "
confusions for sweet were < 1%.
asymmetries were common ( e.g. , bitter-sour confusions were less frequent than sour-bitter confusions ) .
women had fewer salty-bitter confusions than did men ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
overall , ptc tasters had fewer confusions than non-tasters except for salty-bitter confusions.
confusions typically increased monotonically with age.
previous head trauma was associated with higher bitter-salty and salty-bitter confusions relative to those of some other etiologies.
methods : the ny state cancer registry and statewide planning and research cooperative system identified stage i-iii colon cancer resections ( 2004-2011 ) .
results : among @number@ @number@ patients surviving > 30 days , 1-year mortality was @percent@.
older age groups had higher complication rates , and older age and complications were independently associated with 1-year mortality ( p < 0.0001 ) .
methods : @number@ elderly patients with type 2dm , were enrolled in this prospective and observational study.
after comprehensive geriatric assessment , the patients were divided into either sitagliptin or non-sitagliptin group.
results : a total of @number@ patients who completed the study ( @number@ with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) ) were re-evaluated 6months later.
however , the number of patients that required reduced insulin dose was significantly higher in the sitagliptin group ( p = 0.01 ) .
further randomized controlled trials are needed to support these results.
to this end , hmscs were administered intravenously to appps1 transgenic mice that normally develop cerebral aβ.
furthermore , @number@ weeks of hmsc treatment significantly reduced cerebral aβ plaques and neuroinflammation in appps1 mice , without increasing cerebral amyloid angiopathy or microhemorrhages.
purpose : this study sought to investigate the interaction of speech movement execution with higher order lexical parameters.
the authors examined how lexical characteristics affect speech output in individuals with parkinson's disease ( pd ) and healthy control ( hc ) speakers.
method : twenty speakers with pd and @number@ healthy speakers read sentences with target words that varied in word frequency and neighborhood density.
the formant transitions ( f2 slopes ) of the diphthongs in the target words were compared across lexical categories between pd and hc groups.
results : both groups of speakers produced steeper f2 slopes for the diphthongs in less frequent words and words from sparse neighborhoods.
the magnitude of the increase in f2 slopes was significantly less in the pd than hc group.
the lexical effect on the f2 slope differed among the diphthongs and between the @number@ groups.
conclusions : pd and healthy speakers varied their acoustic output on the basis of word frequency and neighborhood density.
f2 slope variations can be traced to higher level lexical differences.
this lexical effect on articulation , however , appears to be constrained by pd.
chronic joint pain is a widespread problem that frequently occurs with aging and trauma.
pain occurs most often in synovial joints , the body's load bearing joints.
in some cases , pain circuitry is permanently changed , which may be a potential mechanism for sustained joint pain.
however , it is most likely that alterations in both the joint microenvironment and the central nervous system ( cns ) contribute to chronic pain.
as such , the challenge of treating joint pain and degeneration is temporally and spatially complicated.
this review summarizes anatomy , physiology , and pathophysiology of these joints and the sensory pain relays.
initiators of joint pain are discussed in the context of clinical challenges including the diagnosis and treatment of pain.
dementia is a major concern among growing chronic diseases in the aging society and its association with polypharmacy has not been adequately assessed.
the objective of this study was to determine the association between polypharmacy and dementia through multiple statistical approaches.
interactions between polypharmacy ( an average use of ≥5 prescription drugs daily ) and comorbidities or potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) were tested.
in the multiple regression analysis , most cases exhibited increasing ors for dementia with increasing polypharmacy levels.
polypharmacy increases the risk of pim administration , and as some pims may have cognition-impairing effects , prolonged polypharmacy may result in dementia.
therefore , efforts are needed to limit or decrease the prescription of medications that have been associated with risk of dementia in the elderly.
faster head growth from @number@ to @number@ mo was associated with less internalizing problems ; otherwise we found no consistent associations with mental health outcomes.
despite improved clinical outcomes of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma , a certain proportion of patients still develop a primary refractory disease.
to overcome these lymphomas that are intractable to existing treatment strategies , the tumor microenvironment has been identified as a potential therapeutic target.
here we describe our search for effective drugs for primary refractory lymphoma cells with myc rearrangement.
through the drug screening of @number@ known compounds , we identified a unique compound , emetine.
this compound was effective against lymphoma cells with myc rearrangement from two different patients that were co-cultured with cancer associated fibroblasts.
emetine induced the death of these cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of @number@ nm and @number@ nm , respectively.
emetine also induced cell death in other primary refractory lymphoma cells with myc rearrangement.
hypoxia and extracellular acidosis are pathophysiological hallmarks of aggressive solid tumors.
initially , we established nhe1-ko ls174 cells with inducible ca9 knockdown.
while increased sensitivity to acidosis for cell survival in 2-dimensions was not observed , clonogenic proliferation and 3-dimensional spheroid growth in particular were greatly reduced.
to avoid potential confounding variables with use of tetracycline-inducible ca9 knockdown , we established ca9-ko and nhe1 / ca9-dko cells.
nhe1-ko abolished recovery from nh4cl pre-pulse cellular acid loading while both nhe1 and ca9 knockout reduced resting phi.
nhe1-ko significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation both in normoxia and hypoxia while ca9-ko dramatically reduced growth in hypoxic conditions.
tumor xenografts revealed substantial reductions in tumor growth for both nhe1-ko and ca9-ko.
overall , these genomic knockout results strengthen the pursuit of targeting tumor cell ph regulation as an effective anti-cancer strategy.
qol was assessed with the eortc qlq-c30.
detriments in qol persisted during the observation period and affected particularly cancer survivors at younger ages ( < 50 years ) .
non-significant aggravations in qol with longer time since diagnosis were observed in very young and very old cancer survivors.
conclusions : detriments in health-related quality of life persist over more than a decade and affect predominantly younger patients.
improvements both in early and long-term follow-up care of cancer survivors seem warranted.
we examined the distribution of variable number of tandem repeats ( vntrs ) and conducted polymorphic analysis of the entire region of slc6a3.
these vntr polymorphisms may be useful markers for paternity mapping and dna fingerprinting.
furthermore , we also conducted a case-control study between the controls and essential hypertensive cases.
these results revealed the genetic association between slc6a3 and hypertension , and the specific vntr alleles of slc6a3 may be a risk factor for hypertension.
cellular maturity has implications for the effectiveness of host response to bacterial or viral infection and / or tissue injury.
thus , the ability to accurately assess cellular maturity and health is important to fully understand immune status and function.
cellular senescence refers to the irreversible growth arrest of normally dividing cells in response to various types of stress.
strong mitogenic signaling , such as oncogene activation , also drives cells into a senescent state.
clearance of senescent cells that accumulate with age improves health span , implicating cellular senescence as a contributing factor to the aging process.
thus , there is a need for methods to identify and quantify cellular senescence , both in cultured cells and in vivo.
aberrant sumoylation of protein ( s ) in response to oxidative stress or during aging is known to be involved in etiopathogenesis of many diseases.
upon oxidative stress , peroxiredoxin ( prdx ) @number@ is aberrantly sumoylated by sumo1 , resulting in loss of functions and cell death.
we identified lysines ( k ) @number@ and @number@ as the major sumo1 conjugation sites in prdx6.
to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for epilepsy during ms. pubmed , google scholar , and scopus databases were searched.
articles published in english ( 1986-2016 ) were included.
nine studies were included ( @number@ retrospective cohort and @number@ case-control ) enrolling @number@ ms patients ( @number@ with epilepsy ; @percent@ ) .
studies about risk factors for epilepsy during ms are heterogeneous.
compared to ms patients without seizures , patients with epilepsy have an earlier ms onset and a higher edss score after similar disease duration.
clinical form of ms and sex do not predict the appearance of seizures.
there are recent reports of hybrid tissue-fabric materials with good performance-high biocompatibility and high mechanical strength.
in this study , we demonstrate the capability of a hybrid material as a long-term filter for blood proteins.
polyester fabrics were implanted into rats to fabricate hybrid tissue-fabric material sheets.
the hybrid materials comprised biological tissue grown on the fabric.
the materials were extracted from the rat's body , approximately @number@ days post-implantation.
the tissues were decellularized to prevent immunological rejection.
an antithrombogenicity test was performed by dropping blood onto the hybrid material surface.
the hybrid material showed lesser blood coagulation than polysulfone and cellulose.
blood plasma was filtered using the hybrid material to evaluate the protein removal percentage and the lifetime of the hybrid material in vitro.
the hybrid material showed a comparable performance to conventional filters for protein removal.
moreover , the hybrid material could work as a protein filter for @number@ month , which is six times the lifetime of polysulfone.
the objective is to estimate average global and regional percentage brain volume loss per year ( bvl / year ) of the physiologically ageing brain.
two independent , cross-sectional single scanner cohorts of healthy subjects were included.
the first cohort ( n = @number@ ) was acquired at the medical prevention center ( mpch ) in hamburg , germany.
the second cohort ( n = @number@ ) was taken from the open access series of imaging studies ( oasis ) .
a non-parametric technique was applied to fit the resulting age-volume data.
for each age , the bvl / year was derived from the age-volume curves.
the resulting bvl / year curves were compared between the two cohorts.
physiological bvl / year rates were remarkably consistent between the two cohorts and independent from the scanner applied.
average bvl / year was clearly age and compartment dependent.
it leads to unspecific symptoms and neurological deficits and is usually treated surgically.
burr hole trepanation and twist drill craniostomy have become the therapeutic standards with craniotomy being rarely used for recurrent cases.
controlled trials need to be carried out to determine whether pharmacological therapies can also be beneficial in addition to surgical treatment.
colorectal carcinoma is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide.
the treatment of elderly and mostly polymorbid patients is an outstanding challenge in view of the demographic change with a continuously aging community.
multivariate analysis revealed age ≥80 years , higher asa status and emergency operations as independent risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality.
with respect to the localization of colorectal cancer a shift to the right has been observed with increasing patient age.
whether minimally invasive surgical techniques can reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients requires further evaluation.
nevertheless , a reduction of both was reported without compromising the oncological result.
elderly patients require individualized treatment modalities , which take the extent of comorbidities and personal environment into consideration.
im characterizes masking effects caused by irrelevant information from competing speakers.
this work investigates an approach to assess im based on the oldenburg sentence test ( olsa ) .
furthermore , the influence of interaural time differences ( itd ) and aging effects on im are considered.
materials and methods : im was measured by superimposing two sentences from the olsa.
the beginning of the target sentence was indicated by the keyword \ "stefan \ ".
to segregate between target and masker sentences , itds from @number@ to @number@ µs were included.
the participants were asked to selectively attend to the target sentence and repeat back the spoken words.
potential factors associated with speech recognition results were assessed by an auditory measure of temporal fine structure and a neuropsychological profile.
@number@ normal-hearing listeners between @number@ and @number@ years of age participated in the study.
results : despite the clinically normal-hearing participants , the analysis showed a significant relationship between speech recognition outcome and pure-tone thresholds.
all participants benefited from small itds between the target and masker sentence with regard to the unmasking of im.
the magnitude of unmasking could not be explained by any of the factors assessed in this study.
error analysis and the comparison to the literature reveal that the olsa could be a useful tool to assess im.
conclusion : speech audiometric assessment of im is of high relevance with regard to everyday communication situations.
due to its structure , the olsa seems to be a useful tool for determining im.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted with @number@ outpatients aged @number@ years or older with copd.
test-retest reliability and internal consistency were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) and cronbach's coefficient α , respectively.
background : hospitals are currently admitting an increasing number of older people , and more than one-third could have an underlying mental health problem.
the existing older adult mental health ( oamh ) liaison service was increasingly unable to meet the escalating needs of older and frail patients.
frailty status ( frailty index , fi ) was measured by an index ( rockwood index ) of accumulated deficits.
the outcomes were compared with the previous oamh liaison service data over the same period a year earlier.
results : the new rapid assessment interface and discharge service assessed @number@ patients compared to @number@ by the previous liaison team over the 4-month period.
alterations of the structure and / or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases.
we previously demonstrated that changes in n-glycans alter aβ production.
in the present study , we focused on the relationship between alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and o-glycan , another type of glycan.
the udp-n-acetylgalactosamine : polypeptide ( galnac-t ) family functions in the first step of mucin-type o-glycan synthesis.
three of these galnac-ts ( galnac-t1 , galnac-t4 and galnac-t6 ) were transfected into hek293t cells to examine their impact on aβ production.
transfection of galnac-t6 significantly reduced both aβ1-40 and aβ1-42 generation , but galnac-t1 and galnac-t4 only reduced aβ1-40 generation.
the expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells , but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered.
these data suggest that excess o-glycosylation on app by galnac-t6 inhibits aβ production.
mutations in spartan are associated with early onset hepatocellular carcinoma and progeroid features.
here , we reveal the role of human spartan in facilitating replication of dna-protein crosslink-containing dna.
we found that purified spartan has a dna-dependent protease activity degrading certain proteins bound to dna.
finally , epistasis analysis mapped these spartan functions to the rad6-rad18 dna damage tolerance pathway.
historical , environmental , and cultural contexts intersect with aging , sexuality , and gender across communities and generations.
by probing the intersection of age , sexuality , and gender , my analysis is informed by both personal and professional experiences.
my life was thrust into a paradox : my relationship was defined by a world that refused to recognize it.
although gerontology as a discipline has historically silenced the lives of marginalized older adults , it has much to learn from these communities.
this effect was half the size of the largest covariate effect ( i.e. , age ) .
cross-sectional associations between medi and baseline mri measures in @number@ participants were not significant.
targeted analyses of meat and fish consumption did not replicate previous associations with total brain volume or total gray matter volume.
conclusions : lower adherence to the medi in an older scottish cohort is predictive of total brain atrophy over a 3-year interval.
pearson partial correlations between body composition measures and metabolites were adjusted for age , study site , and smoking.
gaussian graphical models of metabolites found that @number@ lipid metabolites clustered into a single network.
groups of five amino acids , three plasmalogens , and two carnitines were also observed.
findings confirm prior reports of associations between amino acids , lean mass , and fat mass in addition to associations not previously reported.
future studies should consider whether these metabolites are relevant for metabolic disease processes.
four processes are identified , which illustrate how access to financial and social resources may lead to opportunities and constraints in experiences of care.
findings underscore the emotional and practical challenges that older people may encounter vis-à-vis policy discourses that encourage family responsibility for care.
implications for policy and practice are discussed.
the results indicate that age has a negative impact on the laboratory time-based task and a positive impact on the naturalistic task.
the mediation analysis shows that inhibition and flexibility operate as a mediator in the negative relationship between age and the laboratory time-based task.
overall , these results seem to suggest that different cognitive processes underlie the performance on naturalistic and on laboratory time-based tasks.
future studies should confirm these results.
to date , attention to the environmental production of disability among older adults with age-related vision loss ( arvl ) has been limited.
this critical ethnographic study aimed to reveal the ways in which environmental barriers produced and perpetuated disability for @number@ older adults with arvl.
findings revealed how disability is shaped for older adults with arvl when they encounter environmental features that are embedded within an ageist and disablist society.
these findings are illustrated via presenting analysis of three commonly discussed activities : shopping , eating , and community mobility.
family caregivers are an integral and increasingly overburdened part of the health care system.
there is a gap between what research evidence shows is beneficial to caregivers and what is actually provided.
a two-day meeting was attended by @number@ individuals.
the age of the best marathon performance has been well investigated for flat city marathon running , but not for mountain marathon running.
race times were slower in the mountain compared to the city marathon.
metformin now has a variety of clinical applications in pediatrics , and its potential clinical uses continue to expand.
finally , we examine the existing state of monitoring for metformin efficacy and side effects and discuss prospective future clinical uses.
indeed , older adults with impaired cognitive control networks tend to demonstrate poor response to a majority of existing depression interventions.
results : evo participants demonstrated similar improvements in mood and self-reported function after @number@ weeks of treatment to pst participants.
individuals assigned to evo demonstrated @percent@ adherence.
conclusions : this study provides preliminary findings that this therapeutic video game targeting cognitive control deficits may be an efficacious lld intervention.
future research is needed to confirm these findings.
health and social care settings worldwide need to sustainably improve the quality of relationships across communities or ' whole systems'.
this research informs the development of a relational framework based on stakeholder perspectives.
the first view ' altogether now ' prioritises compassionate engagement.
second , ' respect is a two-way street ' emphasises the need for reciprocal respect and recognition of history.
the factor labelled ' free spirits ' posits the dominant view of freedom.
participants were @number@ healthy adults , distributed continuously across @number@ to @number@ years of age.
frontoparietal regions of interest ( rois ) were defined from resting-state scans obtained prior to task-related fmri.
the search target was defined by a conjunction of color and orientation.
each display contained one item that was larger than the others ( i.e. , a size singleton ) but was not informative regarding target identity.
frontoparietal fmri activation related to target detection was constant as a function of age , as was the reduction in activation associated with salient targets.
further , the age-related differences in left fef activation were a consequence of decreasing resting-state functional connectivity in visual sensory regions.
hum brain mapp 38 : 2128-2149 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
however , only a minority of cirrhotic patients develop hcc.
as a control group , we followed cirrhotic patients ( n = @number@ ) remaining tumor-free over a similar time frame.
the arithmetic mean height as a roughness parameter and the void volume of the surface profile were calculated.
results : age and site had a significant effect on roughness.
differentiation between sites progressed with age , whereas roughness increased significantly with age for the dorsal hand and nose but not for the other sites.
the void volume was smaller than the volume corresponding to the typically recommended amount of sunscreen application except for the cases of largest roughness.
conclusions : different site-age combinations show significant variation of skin surface roughness.
the application of sunscreen may in some instances need to be adjusted to take into account the increased roughness of highly sun-exposed anatomical sites.
we also review the current trend in preoperative nutrition away from preoperative fasting and towards carbohydrate loading.
deposition of ubiquitin conjugates on inclusion bodies composed of protein aggregates is a definitive cytopathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
histone ubiquitination plays major roles in chromatin regulation and dna repair.
interestingly ubiquitin depletion , histone de-ubiquitination and impaired dna damage response are not restricted to polyq aggregates and are associated with artificial aggregating luciferase mutants.
the longevity of brain neurons depends on their capacity to respond to and repair extensive ongoing dna damage.
impaired dna damage response , even modest one , could thus lead to premature neuron aging and mortality.
many people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) do not know that they are infected.
it is important for infected persons to get tested for hiv in order to be diagnosed and medically treated.
hiv has no known cure , but it can be controlled and sometimes prevented with proper medical care.
social marketing interventions , along with audience segmenting are explained.
further ideas about how social workers can participate in these interprofessional social marketing campaigns are provided.
the biological age ( ba ) equation is a prediction model that utilizes an algorithm to combine various biological markers of ageing.
the principal component analysis ( pca ) is applied as one of the common and frequently used methods in the construction of the ba formula.
compared with other methods , pca has its own study procedures and features.
gene expression is known to be a stochastic phenomenon.
curiously , their secretion shows parallel and severe age-related reductions.
the results showed that both hormones caused clear improvements in both tasks.
long interspersed elements @number@ ( l1 ) are active mobile elements that constitute almost @percent@ of the human genome.
our previous data demonstrated that the endonuclease complex ercc1-xpf , which cleaves a @number@ dna flap structure , limits l1 retrotransposition.
core proteins of the ner pathway , xpd and xpa , and the lesion binding protein , xpc , are involved in limiting l1 retrotransposition.
we sampled @number@ chicago healthy aging study participants who underwent a dedicated carotid mri assessment for lipid-rich necrotic core ( lrnc ) plaque.
we measured hdl particle size , hdl particle number , and ldl particle number with nmr spectroscopy , as well as hdl efflux capacity.
we quantified the associations between hdl particle size and hdl efflux using adjusted linear regression models.
hdl efflux capacity was directly associated with large ( β = @number@ matrix gla protein ( mgp ) is a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification.
the ability of mgp to inhibit calcification requires the activity of a vitamin k-dependent enzyme , which mediates mgp carboxylation.
cases had higher plasma levels of uncarboxylated mgp ( ucmgp ) and carboxylated mgp ( cmgp ) than controls.
however , no universal criteria have been agreed upon to readily identify patients who are likely to benefit from cga.
evidence from randomized controlled trials and large systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggested that the healthcare setting may modify the effectiveness of cga programs.
home cga programs and cga performed in the hospital were shown to be consistently beneficial for several health outcomes.
in contrast , the data are conflicting for posthospital discharge cga programs , outpatient cga consultation , and cga-based inpatient geriatric consultation services.
ninety-five per cent were retained in the study at the six-month follow-up , and @number@ per cent at @number@ months.
the self-reported adherence rate to exercise at @number@ months was @number@ per cent.
the main reason for continued exercise participation was to maintain health ( @percent@ ) .
reasons for nonadherence were illness ( @percent@ ) and lack of motivation ( @percent@ ) .
results identify factors associated with positive behaviour change that health promoters can utilize when targeting the older adult population.
the gfal project results can serve as a model for sustainable , community-based older-adult exercise programs.
this was not the case.
results from the qualitative analysis highlight key areas that contributed to job satisfaction.
this study aims to disentangle the relationships of menopausal status and chronological aging with cvd risk factors in the largest study population to date.
methods : in this cross-sectional study , cvd risk factors were compared between women with a different menopausal status within the same yearly age strata.
the study population comprised female participants of the baseline visit of the population-based lifelines cohort study.
a total of @number@ women , aged between @number@ and @number@ years , was included.
of them , @number@ women were considered to be premenopausal , @number@ were perimenopausal , @number@ were naturally postmenopausal , and @number@ were surgically postmenopausal.
systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were @number@ and @number@ mmhg higher , respectively.
systolic blood pressure levels were up to @number@ mmhg lower in naturally post- compared to premenopausal women at all ages between @number@ and @number@ years.
effective interventions should be determined to provide an approach solving the problem and improving the situation.
methods : recruitment was performed between @date@ and @date@ .
all participants met the inclusion criteria for depression , which were defined by the geriatric depression scale ( gds-15 ) .
from march to may of @number@ participants in the intervention group underwent a 2-month mutual recovery program intervention.
the intervention included seven 90-min , weekly sessions that were based on a standardized self-designed schedule.
finally , a total of @number@ participants who completed all the sessions and the three measurements entered the final analysis.
mixed-model repeated measures anovas were performed to estimate the intervention effects.
conclusions : the mutual recovery program could be a creative and effective approach to improve mental health in older community-dwelling adults with depressive symptom.
background : menopause is the onset of aging in women.
during this process , some women experience physical changes that may impact upon their psychological and social status , also affecting their quality of life.
methods : we carried out a cross-sectional study with101 premenopausal and @number@ postmenopausal women from mexico city.
as markers of oxidative stress we measured plasma lipoperoxide levels , erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities , and total antioxidant status.
zung self-rating anxiety and zung self-rating depression scales scores also contribute to increase lipoperoxides levels , but not significant.
conclusion : our findings suggest that oxidative stress is increased in postmenopausal women with psychological disturbances and low quality of life.
background : in view of age-related brain changes , identifying factors that are associated with healthy aging are of great interest.
based on a high-density electroencephalographic measurement one year after training , we calculated graph-theoretical measures representing the efficiency of functional brain networks.
these brain areas corresponded to the multi-domain task demands.
furthermore , mean connectivity of this network correlated positively with performance across both the multi-domain and the visuomotor group.
conclusions : taken together , our study shows expertise-dependent differences in task-related functional brain networks.
these network differences were evident even a year after the acquisition of the different expertise levels.
hence , the current findings can foster understanding of how expertise is positively associated with brain functioning during aging.
however , it is still controversial how the infections play a role in neurological diseases progression.
infections in central nervous system may lead multiple damages in infected and neighboring cells.
these effects may act in combination with other factors , like aging , metabolic diseases and the genetic makeup of the host.
we will focus in this review on the possible link between neurodegeneration and infections particularly chlamydophila pneumoniae , borrelia burgdorferi , mycoplasma etc.
objective : the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the impact on participation and autonomy ( ipa ) questionnaire.
the finnish version of ipa ( ipafin ) was translated into finnish using the protocol for linguistic validation for patient-reported outcomes instruments.
a confirmatory factor analysis ( cfa ) was used to confirm the four factor structure of the ipafin.
the work and educational opportunities domain was excluded from analysis , because it was only applicable to @number@ persons.
internal consistency was investigated by calculating cronbach's alpha.
there was no difference in the models for females and males.
cronbach's alpha for the domains ranged between @number@ and @number@ indicating good homogeneity.
conclusions : the construct validity and reliability of the ipafin is acceptable.
falling is also associated with increased morbidity , mortality , nursing home admission , and medical costs.
guidelines for the prevention of falls were first developed by the korean association of internal medicine and the korean geriatrics society.
because falls are the result of various factors , the guidelines include a multidimensional assessment and multimodal strategy.
the guidelines were developed for primary physicians as well as patients and the general population.
they provide detailed recommendations and concrete measures to assess risk and prevent falls among older people.
background and objectives : aging and malnutrition are known to influence immune functions.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of aging and malnutrition to innate immune functions in tube-fed bedridden patients.
we evaluated associations of age and nutritional variables with natural-killer cell activity , neutrophilphagocytic activity , and neutrophil-sterilizing activity.
neutrophil-phagocytic and neutrophil-sterilizing activities were not associated with any variables.
methods and study design : one hundred patients who had been on maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this study.
the general characteristics , laboratory test results and gnri of the patients at baseline were recorded.
the healthcare costs and quality-of-life scores were determined at the follow-up examination.
and a lower gnri at baseline was associated with increased future medication costs and worse health in hemodialysis patients.
two ubiquitous features of the aging brain are the intracellular accumulation of aggregated proteins and inflammation.
the consequence is the increased risk of old , age-associated , neurodegenerative diseases.
background : the relationship between the olfactory system and emotional processing is an area of growing interest in schizophrenia research.
however , the relationship between endorphins and dopaminergic transmission has not been fully explored.
methods : odor identification performance and valence interaction was evaluated among @number@ schizophrenic patients and @number@ controls.
schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale ( panss ) .
all study participants were subjected to the university of pennsylvania smell identification test ( upsit ) , blood β-endorphin ( be ) and cgrp measurement.
individuals with predominant negative symptoms and higher be concentrations are most able to identify negative odors.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common form of degenerative joint disease.
aging process is supposed to be a leading predictor for developing oa.
different cellular signaling mechanisms are involved process of aging that induces age-related changes in chondrocytes.
ros leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and chondrocyte death , which contributes to the development of oa.
antioxidant supplementation is probably the best way to prevent or delay the age-related oa.
some therapeutic agents like histone deacetylase inhibitors and anti-mir34a agents have been reported to be effective against age-related oa.
however , further research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these alternative treatment strategies in clinical trials using controlled and prospective studies.
more importantly , we found high correlations between younger and older adults , showing that our data are generalizable across different ages.
however , despite this across-ages accord , we obtained age-related differences on three affective dimensions for a great number of words.
background : chronic pain is common in multimorbid patients.
however , little is known about the implications of chronic pain and analgesic treatment on multimorbid patients.
this study aimed to assess chronic pain therapy with regard to the interaction potential in a sample of inpatients with multiple chronic conditions.
data were extracted from the electronic health records and reviewed.
we identified @number@ hospitalizations of patients with chronic pain and analyzed their combinations of chronic conditions ( multimorbidity ) .
we then classified all analgesic prescriptions according to the world health organization ( who ) analgesic ladder.
chronic pain was present in @percent@ of patients with multimorbidity.
on average , patients with chronic pain were aged @number@ years and had a mean number of @number@ diagnoses.
hypertension was the most common chronic condition.
chronic back pain was the most common painful condition.
almost @percent@ of patients were exposed to polypharmacotherapy.
of the chronic pain patients , @percent@ received opioids for moderate to severe pain , @percent@ received coanalgesics.
we identified @number@ potential drug-drug interactions , with @percent@ classified between analgesics ( without coanalgesics ) .
drug-multimorbidity interactions are not sufficiently investigated and understood.
today , the scientific literature is scarce for chronic pain in combination with multiple coexisting medical conditions and medication regimens.
our work may provide useful information to enable further investigations in multimorbidity research within the scope of potential interactions and chronic pain.
although cross-sectional studies suggest that cognitive aging starts in midlife , few longitudinal studies have documented within-individual declines in cognitive performance before the seventh decade.
learning from repeat testing , or practice effects , can mask the decline in younger cohorts.
in women , the menopause transition also affects test performance and can confound estimates of underlying decline.
we used data from a longitudinal observational study in @number@ participants from the study of women's health across the nation.
outcomes examined were scores on annual tests of processing speed , verbal episodic memory ( immediate and delayed ) , and working memory.
to reduce the impact of practice effects and of the menopause transition , we used the third cognition testing visit as the baseline.
there were @number@ cognition assessments with median follow-up time of @number@ years.
our results provide strong , longitudinal evidence of cognitive aging in midlife women , with substantial within-woman declines in processing speed and memory.
further research is needed to identify factors that influence decline rates and to develop interventions that slow cognitive aging.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a widespread condition in the global population and is more common in the elderly.
thyroid-stimulating hormone ( tsh ) level increases with aging , and hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in ckd patients.
however , the relationship between low thyroid function and mortality in ckd patients is unclear.
therefore , we conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the relationship between tsh elevation and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with ckd.
this retrospective cohort study included individuals ≥65 years old with ckd ( n = @number@ ) in taipei city.
health examination data from @number@ to @number@ were provided by the taipei databank for public health analysis.
we found a significant association between tsh elevation and all-cause mortality in this cohort of elderly persons with ckd.
objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the level and predictors of work disability in different age groups.
using negative binomial regression , we obtained both relative risk estimates and absolute rates , that is , days of work disability per person-year.
aging employees with a low education and chronic somatic disease had the highest levels of musculoskeletal disorder related work disability.
conclusions : the predictors of work disability vary by age and diagnosis.
these results help target age-specific measures for the prevention of permanent work disability.
objective : the aim of this study was to describe physiological load and psychological stress of finnish firefighters during a 24-hour work shift.
methods : r-r intervals were recorded during 24-hour work shifts.
short-time fourier transform was used to analyze heart rate variability during shifts.
mean vo2 was @number@ ± @number@ ( % of vo2max ) and vo2peak @number@ ± @number@ ( % of vo2max ) .
conclusions : physiological load and psychological stress were temporarily high , even in young , fit firefighters.
as the relative work load may increase and recovery processes slow down among aging employees , fatigue may occur unless work arrangements are well-designed.
objective : the aim of this work was to evaluate the time course of changes in strength and functional performance in elderly hospitalized medical patients.
functional performance was measured with de morton mobility index ( demmi ) test and a 30-second chair stand test ( 30-s cst ) .
muscular strength was measured with handgrip strength.
activity level was determined with accelerometry ( activpal ) .
the demmi test and the 30-s cst seem to be complementary to each other when evaluating functional changes in a geriatric hospital population.
physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
aging of the immune system may result in decreasing efficacy of vaccination , especially for adults aged above 65-70 y.
methods : a total of @number@ cases were divided into @number@ groups randomly , received pvrv under the zagreb and essen regimens respectively.
results : @number@ blood samples were obtained.
two groups showed similar immunogenicity , the neutralizing antibody titer of all subjects at d14 and d42 showed > 0.5 iu / ml.
under the same regimen , subjects ≥65 y had lower gmc than those who < 65 years from d7 to d365 within @number@ groups.
people ≥65 y showed reduced immune response to both regimens.
more aes for the zagreb regimen were observed within the first @number@ hours , especially for male and people < @number@ y.
the key safety endpoint was type @number@ @number@ or @number@ bleeding according to the barc criteria.
of @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were elderly and had a higher risk of adverse events compared with younger patients.
however , measures of absolute risk difference indicated a less favourable safety profile of prolonged dapt for older rather than younger patients.
eras program applied to colorectal laparoscopic surgery is well known to reduce hospitalization improving short terms outcomes and minimizing the surgical stress response.
however its effectiveness in elderly population is yet to be demonstrated.
surgical stress parameters were collected preoperatively , @number@ @number@ and @number@ days after surgery.
nutritional parameters were collected preoperatively , @number@ and @number@ days after surgery.
short term outcomes were also prospectively assessed.
il-6 levels were lower in the eg on @number@ @number@ and @number@ days post-operatively ( p @number@ ) .
il-6 levels in the enhanced group returned to pre operative level @number@ days after surgery.
c-reactive protein level was lower in the enhanced group on day @number@ @number@ and @number@ ( p @number@ ) .
there was no difference in cortisol and prolactin levels between groups.
prealbumin serum level was higher on day @number@ ( p @number@ ) compared to standard group.
postoperative outcomes in terms of normal bowel function and length of hospital stay were significantly improved in the eras group.
introduction : we compared the region-specific neuromuscular activation and muscle morphology along the rectus femoris ( rf ) muscle between young and elderly.
muscle thickness was also compared among the regions.
a difference in the region-specific muscle thickness was observed between the young and elderly.
conclusion : these findings suggest that functional role and muscle morphology are regionally affected by aging along the rf muscle.
muscle nerve 56 : 982-986 , @number@
background : intestinal behcet's disease ( bd ) is a specific subtype of bd.
effective drug therapy for intestinal bd remains elusive.
aims : to investigate long-term outcomes and identify predictors of sustained response in intestinal bd patients receiving infliximab ( ifx ) treatment.
methods : the medical records were reviewed of patients received ifx from @date@ to @date@ .
the cumulative probabilities of sustained response were calculated using the kaplan-meier.
predictor factors for sustained response were accessed by receiver operating characteristic curve.
results : totally , @number@ active intestinal bd patients were enrolled.
sustained responses were observed in @number@ patients , after a median follow-up duration @number@ months ( interquartile range 9-37 ) .
the mucosal healing ( mh ) rate at week @number@ was @percent@.
kaplan-meier estimated patients with achievement of clinical and biological responses at week @number@ or mh was likely to remain sustained clinical response.
conclusions : ifx is effective and safe for induction and maintenance therapy in chinese patients with moderate-to-severe active intestinal bd.
early achievement of clinical response and mucosal healing might associate long-term response.
a lower crp level seems to be associated with a more benign clinical course.
results : of @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed ad dementia and @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed mild cognitive impairment.
a cognitive change point occurred between @number@ and @number@ years before the clinical diagnosis of ad dementia.
aas without cognitive impairment had a lower average baseline of cognition than eas , but the slopes of cognitive decline were similar.
conclusions : a prominent change to a steeper slope of cognitive decline occurs between @number@ and @number@ years prior to the diagnosis of ad dementia.
the slope of cognitive decline after the change point is steeper among eas than aas.
background : it is a well-described clinical phenomenon that females live longer than males , yet tend to experience greater levels of co-morbidity and disability.
this systematic review aimed to determine whether this ageing paradox is demonstrated when the frailty index ( fi ) is used to measure frailty.
methods : medline , embase and cinahl databases were searched for observational studies that measured fi and mortality in community-dwellers over 65years of age.
this finding was consistent across individual studies.
recent electrophysiological work has evinced a capacity for plasticity in subcortical auditory nuclei in human listeners.
similar plastic effects have been measured in cortically-generated auditory potentials but it is unclear how the two interact.
single-channel electroencephalographic data were recorded from each subject using a vertical montage referenced to the right earlobe.
the seap method offers a new approach for measuring the dynamic encoding of acoustic features at multiple levels of the auditory pathway.
age-related changes in neuroplasticity may be central to the cognitive decline associated with healthy ageing.
these results support the rodent literature indicating an age-related shift in threshold for ltp , but a relative preservation of the threshold for ltd.
autophagy is a cellular homeostatic process whereby damaged proteins and organelles are encapsulated into double membrane vesicles , called autophagosomes , for lysosomal digestion.
beclin1 plays a key role in the initial steps of autophagosome formation.
we found that overexpression of beclin @number@ in hela cells leads to autophagosome formation as shown by intracellular autophagosomal marker lc3-ii staining.
expression of beclin1 reduced telomerase activity for about @number@ fold compared with the control while it did not affect tert expression level.
the results of cell cycle analysis indicated that the cell cycle and proliferation progressed normally up to 48h post-transfection.
methods : @number@ nhs hospitals were analysed by data envelopment analysis for overall , technical and scale efficiency , and malmquist index.
the robustness of the analysis is contrasted with alternative input-output models.
a fixed effects multilevel cross-sectional linear model was used to analyse the explanatory efficiency variables.
results : the average rate of overall technical efficiency ( ote ) was @number@ in @number@ there was considerable variability by region.
malmquist index ( 2010-2012 ) is @number@
a @percent@ variability in ote is attributable to the region in question.
the number of residents showed a statistically significant relationship.
vascular aging may be responsible for the high residual lifetime risk for hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly individuals.
because central bp is strongly linearly associated with age , it can be regarded as an integrated marker for vascular aging.
central bp can be measured noninvasively using various techniques , including the convenient cuff-based oscillometric central bp monitors.
noninvasive central bp is likely better than the conventional brachial bp in association with target organ damages and long term cardiovascular outcomes.
vascular aging-related hypertension is expected to become the dominant phenotype in many countries , especially in the asian regions.
future randomized control trials are required to support that the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular aging-related hypertension is best managed with the central bp strategy.
methods : this is a randomization trial.
all patients received supportive care measurements and atropinization.
each enrolled patient was treated with @number@ gm pam intravenously as the loading dose.
the levels of the serum buche and red blood cells acetylcholinesterase and the serum pam levels were also measured.
results : forty-six organophosphate poisoning patients were enrolled in this study.
there were @number@ patients in the control group and @number@ patients in the experimental group.
the rbc acetylcholinesterase level was elevated in the experimental group but was not in the control group.
the experimental group did not exhibit a higher pam blood level than did the control group.
conclusion : the use of pam can be guided by patient severity.
thus , may help to improve the outcomes of organophosphate poisoning patients.
objective : chronic conditions often require multiple medication intake.
however , past research has focused on assessing overall adherence or adherence to a single index medication only.
design : eighty-four patients with multimorbidity and multiple-medication regimens completed three monthly panel questionnaires.
a randomly assigned subsample additionally completed a 30-day daily diary.
we further assessed the medication adherence report scale ( mars ) , and a subsample of participants were randomised to electronic adherence monitoring.
results : the nar-m indicated m = @percent@ adherence at time @number@ ( sd = @percent@ ) .
future studies may use these measures to investigate within-person and between-medication differences in adherence.
the role of exercise interventions on old adults ' gait mechanics that underlie training-induced improvements in gait velocity is unclear.
we examined the effects of lower extremity power training and detraining on old adults ' gait kinetics.
we measured isokinetic knee extensor and plantarflexor power and measured hip , knee and ankle kinetics at habitual , fast and standardized walking speeds.
aging is tightly associated with redox events.
the free radical theory of aging indicates that redox imbalance may be an important factor in the aging process.
in response to paraquat stress , young individuals generated more ros and activated signaling pathways including p-erk , p-akt and p-ampkα / β.
moreover , young individuals also demonstrated a better ability to degrade damaged proteins by up-regulating the expression of chaperones and improving proteasome activity.
the decay of rrc is the substantive characteristic of aging , which gives a new understand of the redox theory of aging.
this study aimed to assess the benefit of adding physical function evaluations and interventions to routine elderly health examination.
this is a quasi-experimental controlled trial.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) persons in the experiment group and @number@ ( @percent@ ) in the control group completed the study.
the maintenance of cellular proteostasis is dependent on molecular chaperones and protein degradation pathways.
the co-factor chip ( c-terminus of hsp70-inteacting protein , stub1 ) ubiquitinates chaperone substrates and directs proteins to the cellular degradation systems.
the activity of chip is regulated by two co-chaperones , bag2 and hspbp1 , which are potent inhibitors of the e3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
here , we examined the functional correlation of hsp72 , chip , and bag2 , employing human primary fibroblasts.
aging is associated with a decline in proteostasis and we observed increased protein levels of chip as well as bag2 in senescent cells.
interestingly , the ubiquitination of hsp72 was strongly reduced during aging , which revealed that bag2 functionally counteracted the increased levels of chip.
interestingly , hspbp1 protein levels were down-regulated during aging.
serum igf-i was determined by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay.
study design : cross-sectional study.
method : sleep disturbance was assessed with the jenkins sleep scale.
active and sedentary behaviors were recorded by standardized questionnaires.
hrqol was assessed with the euroqol-5d.
anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques.
body fat was measured using bioelectrical impedance.
physical fitness was evaluated by a set of eight tests.
presence of insomnia was inversely associated with physical fitness.
women without sleep disturbance showed better hrqol.
conclusion : sleep disturbance was associated with central obesity , lower physical fitness and reduced hrqol.
interventions involving weight management and improvement of physical fitness may contribute to better sleep quality in older women.
dysphagia is commonly associated with the outcomes of neurodegenerative diseases such as sca6.
however , abnormalities in the pharyngeal phase in sca6 were indistinguishable from those in sca3 , with no explainable reason.
to determine the reason , we repeatedly performed videofluoroscopic examinations ( vf ) in @number@ patients with sca6.
this finding surprisingly indicated that patients who had shorter repeats and thereby later onset and potentially better prognoses were at risk for dysphagia-associated problems.
ischemic changes , homozygous mutation , and diabetes mellitus as well as aging might have contributed to the observed progressive dysphagia.
we found that conventionally monitored somatosensory evoked potentials at least partly reflected progressive dysphagia.
analyses were performed longitudinally in @number@ plwha , before and about 6-12 months after cart initiation.
dementia and cognitive impairment have become the major concerns worldwide due to a significantly aging population , increasing life span and lack of effective pharmacotherapy.
two polyphenol extracts derived from roots of cervical cancer is a serious public-health problem in asian countries.
however , comprehensive immunogenicity and safety information for asian populations is lacking.
we searched four electronic databases including pubmed , embase , cochrane library , and clinicaltrials.gov.
we identified two quadrivalent-vaccine studies and eight bivalent-vaccine studies conducted in asian countries.
for asian populations , hpv vaccines enhance the level of hpv16- and hpv18-specific antibodies for both uninfected and infected individuals.
also , the risk of adverse events related to vaccination are acceptable.
memantine is a symptomatic treatment that partially prevents cognitive decline in alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
the neuroprotective effects of memantine and vitamin d may potentiate each other , with benefits for cognition.
the 6-month cognitive change was examined with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) score in the @number@ groups according to the use of memantine.
age , gender , body mass index , iadl score , gds score , and use of pchychoactive drugs were measured at baseline.
we found that participants using memantine had a lower mmse score at m0 compared to those without memantine ( p = 0.006 ) .
after @number@ months of follow-up , there was a memantine-related improvement of the mmse score only in the participants with vdd-m6.
this was significant in group @number@ with no vdd-m0 ( p = 0.039 ) , but not in group @number@ who already had vdd-m0.
in conclusion , the use of memantine was associated with improved cognitive performance after @number@ months of treatment in the presence of vdd at m6.
aging is accompanied by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
this may be due to reduced differentiation capacity or deficiency in dna damage repair ( ddr ) factors.
subjects underwent standardized history and examination , including demographics and assessment of pelvic floor function and sexual function using validated quality-of-life instruments.
the physical examination included body mass index , pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurements , and pelvic muscle strength ( oxford scale ) .
proportional odds regression analysis tested patient characteristics , pfd , and other determinants of sexual dysfunction as predictors of sexual function.
most subjects ( @percent@ ) had a sexual partner and most ( @percent@ ) reported recent sexual intercourse.
participants reported a low level of sexual desire and sexual enjoyment and moderate levels of sexual arousal and orgasm.
when stratified by sexual enjoyment , @percent@ enjoyed sex and this group had lower pfdi and pfiq scores , reflecting less quality-of-life burden.
pelvic organ prolapse , obstructed defecation , and fecal incontinence were associated with not enjoying sex.
this study investigated whether bd patients with vr demonstrate stronger apparent age-related decline in inhibitory performance and processing speed ( ps ) .
methods : a full medical history was obtained for @number@ euthymic bd and @number@ healthy comparison ( hc ) individuals.
vr positive ( vrpos ) and vr negative ( vrneg ) groups were created based on the presence of one or more vr factors.
the same was not true for ps.
conclusion : bd patients with vr may also be at risk for greater decline in inhibitory performance , but not ps , with age.
longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the contributions of vr to cognitive decline among older bd patients.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most common chronic joint disorder and its prevalence increases rapidly during midlife.
complex interactions of genetic alterations , sex hormone deficit , and aging with mechanical factors and systemic inflammation-associated metabolic syndrome lead to joint damage.
moreover , oa often coexists with other morbidities in the same patient , which in turn condition the oa process.
an esceo-eugms ( european union geriatric medicine society ) working group has recently suggested possible patient profiles in oa.
further research in this field is warranted.
type @number@ diabetes is a global epidemic , and the prevalence and incidence of type @number@ diabetes are increasing.
the negative effects of diabetes on kidneys , nerves , and vessels are well established.
in this review , we summarize the available literature on how women with diabetes experience ovarian aging , from menarche to menopause.
studies of women with type @number@ diabetes are inconsistent but suggest increased anovulation and earlier menopause.
differences in reproductive aging between women with type @number@ and type @number@ diabetes raise questions about potential differences in the mechanisms contributing to ovarian aging.
although there is shared glycemic dysregulation , fundamental differences in insulin presence and processing distinguish the two diseases.
this review suggests that insulin , age at diagnosis , and weight play a role in ovarian dysfunction.
more long-term studies are needed to evaluate the multitude of factors that may disrupt hypothalamic , pituitary , and ovarian function in women with diabetes.
inflammatory cytokines have been shown to prompt muscle wasting , ultimately stimulating protein catabolism and suppressing muscle synthesis.
however , the possible association between inflammatory parameters and sarcopenia is poorly understood.
out of @number@ initial hits , @number@ studies with a total of @number@ participants ( @number@ with sarcopenia and @number@ without ) were meta-analyzed.
recently , the spotlights have turned to senescent cells as being a culprit for aging.
can these cells be therapeutically eliminated ?
when so ?
and is this even safe ?
recent developments in the tool box to study senescence have made it possible to begin addressing these questions.
this review argues that to fulfill this niche , cell-penetrating peptides may provide promising therapeutics.
as a candidate approach , the author also highlights the potential of targeting individual foxo signaling pathways to combat senescence and stimulate tissue rejuventaion.
diabetes mellitus and cancer are two growing health problems.
patients with diabetes experience a roughly 20-25% higher cancer incidence compared to individuals without diabetes , and it depends on cancer site.
moreover , patients with diabetes who further develop cancer have increased early and late mortality in comparison with cancer patients without diabetes.
prediabetes and metabolic syndrome are also related to an increased risk of developing and die from cancer.
it becomes crucial to define the right orientation of the associations between diabetes and cancer in order to identify the modifiable pathogenic mechanisms.
the clepsydra of foods may help choose foods associated with healthy benefit while avoiding foods associated with harm , including cancer.
aging of the periocular area involves changes of the skin , muscle , fat , and bones.
facial fillers can be helpful in minimizing these changes by restoring youthful fullness to periocular areas that have undergone volume loss or loss of support.
physicians should understand the complicated anatomy surrounding the eyes , both to understand the aging process and to minimize treatment complications.
facial rejuvenation , particularly lip augmentation , has gained widespread popularity.
an appreciation of perioral anatomy as well as the structural characteristics that define the aging face is critical to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
although techniques and technology evolve continuously , hyaluronic acid ( ha ) dermal fillers continue to dominate aesthetic practice.
a combination approach including neurotoxin and volume restoration demonstrates superior results in select settings.
aseptic loosening at alloy-cement interfaces constitutes a main failure mechanism of cemented total hip replacements ( thr ) .
the increase in central and peripheral fatigue was greater ( p⩽0.01 ) in the young adults vs the older adults.
sex differences ( p = 0.002 ) regarding mvc were attributed to the greater ( p < 0.01 ) peripheral fatigue of males vs females.
the recovery rate of mvc was greater ( p < 0.001 ) in the young adults vs the older adults , with no sex effect.
the recovery of mvc was correlated with the car in older adults ( p = 0.001 ) .
the impaired recovery from fatigue in older adults relied more on the recovery of central factors.
ethnopharmacological relevance : postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common bone disease worldwide.
information concerning the effects of herbal medicines on mesenchymal cell osteogenesis and senescence remains lacking.
finally , the cumulative growth curve and senescence of the hmscs were evaluated in order to assess the aging process.
results : l. chuanxiong increased osteogenic activity in hmscs and up-regulated bmp-2 and runx2 gene expression via the activation of smad @date@ and erk signaling.
furthermore dhjst also showed a trend towards promoting the same effects in the same system.
in the absence of dexamethasone , dhjst did activate smad @date@ and erk signaling and hence increased runx2 protein expression in hmscs.
in addition , both dhjst and l. chuanxiong delayed the hmscs aging process by decreasing cell senescence.
conclusions : we concluded that dhjst and its active component l. chuanxiong are able to promote osteogenic activity and decrease hmscs senescence as cells age.
background : adipose-derived mesenchymalstromal cells ( asc ) are currently tested in regenerative medicine to promote tissue reconstruction after injury.
regardingautologous purpose , the possible loss of therapeutic function and cell properties during aging have been questioned in adults.
to date no reliable information is available concerning asc from pediatric patients and a better knowledge is required for clinical applications.
asc were then tested in a mouse model of limb ischemia.
results : cells from the stromal vascular fraction ( svf ) and subsequent cultured asc were prepared.
only a greater amount in svf cell number and asc proliferative rate were found.
cell phenotype , colony formingunit-fibroblast ( cfu-f ) content , immunomodulation effect and adipogenic , osteoblastic and angiogenic potentials were not significantly different.
baseline magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) was used to evaluate brain morphology.
the initial @number@ weeks of antidepressant treatment were part of the dotcode trial.
there was no significant association between osa and hippocampal or entorhinal cortex volumes in our sample , even after controlling for intracranial volume.
conclusions : osa is associated with impaired verbal episodic memory and microvascular damage in older adults with depression and cognitive impairment.
one possibility is that by contributing to cerebral microvascular damage , osa may exacerbate progressive memory decline.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is a health problem of great concern to both the public and medical authorities.
introduction : progressive bulbar motor neuropathy is primarily caused by bulbar-onset als.
hereditary amyloidosis type iv also presents with a bulbar neuropathy that mimics motor neuron disease.
the disease is prevalent in finland only and is not commonly included in the differential diagnosis of als.
methods : we studied @number@ members of a family in which some had bulbar motor neuropathy , and we performed exome sequencing.
results : five affected family members were found to have a d187y substitution in the gsn gene known to cause hereditary amyloidosis type iv.
conclusions : this american family presented with progressive bulbar neuropathy due to a gelsolin mutation not found in finland.
hereditary amyloidosis type iv presents with bulbar motor neuropathy and not with peripheral neuropathy as occurs with common forms of amyloidosis.
this report demonstrates the power of exome sequencing to determine the cause of rare hereditary diseases with incomplete or atypical phenotypes.
muscle nerve 56 : 1001-1005 , @number@
objectives : to estimate outcomes according to attained blood pressure ( bp ) in the oldest adults treated for hypertension in routine family practice.
design : cohort analysis of primary care inpatient and death certificate data for individuals with hypertension.
setting : primary care practices in england ( clinical practice research datalink ) .
measurements : outcomes were mortality , cardiovascular events , and fragility fractures.
systolic bp ( sbp ) was grouped in 10-mmhg increments from less than @number@ to @number@ mmhg or more ( reference 145-154 mmhg ) .
this difference in mortality was consistent over short- and long-term follow-up ; adjusting for diastolic bp did not change the risk.
incident heart failure rates were higher in those with sbp less than @number@ mmhg than in the reference group.
although important confounders were accounted for , observational studies cannot exclude residual confounding.
this study examined whether stereotype-inconsistent information interacts with implicit theories of ability to affect handgrip strength in older adults.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : department of veterans affairs national healthcare system.
measurements : the onset of dementia was defined according to international classification of diseases , ninth revision , code.
results : the average chads2 score was @number@ ± @number@
after a diagnosis of dementia , @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) persisted on warfarin therapy.
conclusion : discontinuing warfarin after a diagnosis of dementia is associated with a significant increase in stroke and mortality.
setting : large academic hospital.
participants : patients ≥70 years old without delirium at hospital admission who were at intermediate-to-high risk of developing delirium and received usual care only.
results : among @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed incident delirium.
additional efforts to prevent potential downstream mediators through which delirium increases mortality may help to improve outcomes among hospitalized older adults.
differences in brain volumes have commonly been reported in older adults with both subthreshold and major depression.
few studies have examined the association between specific symptom dimensions of depression and brain volumes.
the relationship between higher depressed mood subscale scores and larger volumes in the left inferior temporal lobe withstood monte-carlo correction for multiple comparisons.
macrophages were previously implicated in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration ( nvamd ) .
to address these issues , we evaluated macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes of nvamd patients and age-matched controls.
these findings implicate activated human macrophages , particularly m ( ifnγ and lps ) macrophages from nvamd patients , in nvamd.
further research is required to determine whether activated macrophages can serve as therapeutic targets in nvamd.
spatial navigation ( sn ) impairment is present early in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
subset ( n = @number@ ) had automated hippocampal volumetry.
after adjustment for age , gender , and education , right hippocampal volume explained @percent@ of the variance in allocentric navigation in amci group.
in conclusion , spatial navigation , a known cognitive marker of early ad , may be distinguished from other cognitive functions.
therefore , its assessment along with other major cognitive functions may be highly beneficial in terms of obtaining a comprehensive neuropsychological profile.
here , we show that atherogenic response is among the most regulated processes in ppi-treated hcaecs.
anthropometry , blood pressure ( bp ) measurement and fasting blood-tests ( glucose , lipids ) were performed according to standard protocols.
aging was negatively associated with mho and positively with muno prevalence.
gender was registered as determinant only of muno probability.
no dramatic differences in lifestyle risk factors between @number@ bmi groups ( lean , overweight , obese ) were found out.
conclusion : half of obese russian inhabitants are metabolically healthy.
at the same time , metabolic abnormalities were detected in one third of non-obese participants with a shift to male gender.
one important process in liver cancer growth and progression is angiogenesis.
mscs ( mesenchymal stem cells ) can infiltrate into tumor tissue and function as the efficient transgene delivery mediator.
here , we engineered murine mscs to express sflt1 and examined the anti-tumor effect of msc- sflt1 in combination with continues low-dose doxorubicin treatment.
we found that this combination therapy significantly inhibited liver cancer cells proliferation.
above all , hepg2 xenografts treated with this combination therapy went into remission.
it is of note that this inhibition effect was not p53 binding and by increasing caspase8.
the etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial and underlying mechanisms are currently not fully elucidated.
physical exercise is known to have beneficial effects on muscle trophism and force production.
cumulative incidence of neurologic health conditions was reported.
cox regression models provided hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @percent@ cis.
cross-sectional outcomes were assessed using generalized linear models.
conclusions : adult survivors of childhood medulloblastoma / pnet demonstrate pronounced risk for hearing impairment , stroke , lower educational attainment , and social independence.
interventions to support survivors should be a high priority.
we aim to identify genetic loci that modify the association between tca use and rr and qt intervals.
here , we show that top3β is also the most abundant mrna-binding topoisomerase in cells.
olfaction was measured as odor identification ( oi ) with the 12-item cross cultural smell identification test in year @number@
we assessed dementia risk associated with oi score ( by tertile ) using cox proportional hazards models.
all analyses were stratified by race.
results : poorer oi in older adults without dementia was associated with increased risk of dementia.
there was no interaction between oi and apoe ε4 and risk of dementia.
however , related statistical methods for testing snp-snp interactions are underdeveloped.
results : we propose the snp interaction pattern identifier ( sipi ) , which tests @number@ biologically meaningful interaction patterns for a binary outcome.
sipi takes non-hierarchical models , inheritance modes and mode coding direction into consideration.
a similar match for external validation of snp-snp interaction studies is suggested.
we demonstrated that sipi not only searches for more meaningful interaction patterns but can also overcome the unstable nature of interaction patterns.
availability and implementation : the sipi software is freely available at @url@ .
contact : @email@
supplementary information : supplementary data are available at bioinformatics online.
aging is an unavoidable process characterized by gradual failure of homeostasis that constitutes a critical risk factor for several age-related disorders.
it has been unveiled that manipulation of various key pathways may decelerate the aging progression and the triggering of age-related diseases.
this flavonolignan is well-known for its anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties , among others.
we reveal that these dhs a / b outcomes are fgt-1 and daf-16 dependent.
outcomes of interest were exercise and leisure walking , walking for errands , and moderate-intensity gardening.
neighborhood compactness was assessed objectively using geographic information systems via a subsequent grant ( @date@ ) .
pa increased weekly exercise and leisure walking relative to control , irrespective of neighborhood compactness.
structured pa may help older adults maintain or increase such routine activities over time.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier = nct01072500.
human telomerase is constituted by two components : the telomerase reverse transcriptase ( tert ) and the telomerase rna component ( terc ) .
the three terc single nucleotide polymorphisms are in strict linkage disequilibrium and their genotype combinations influenced the age at ad onset ( aao ) .
cams expression persists in the adult brain particularly in structures undergoing postnatal neurogenesis and involved in synaptic plasticity and memory as the hippocampus.
systemic hemodynamic parameters during tasks as well as cognitive scores had no correlation with cerebrovascular measurements ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : age and gender do not have major influence on the @number@ major cerebrovascular regulation mechanisms.
being independent of age and cognitive status , neurovascular stress tests seem adequate for studying several cerebrovascular conditions affecting the aging brain.
the efficacy of sunscreens can be measured by different methods , involving in vitro , ex vivo , or in vivo techniques.
there is a need for a worldwide standardization of these methods to avoid misunderstanding and confusion among sunscreen users.
sunscreens also prevent photoimmunosuppression and signs of photoaging.
continued efforts in public education on the proper application of sunscreens and the practice of photoprotection in general are needed.
improved education on appropriate photoprotection in children is vital.
avoidance of the use of tanning beds is an important component of education for teenagers.
ultraviolet radiation exposure induces dna damage and photoaging in all skin types , including people of color.
the extent of such damage is inversely related to constitutive skin pigmentation.
it is clear that additional research is needed on optimal levels of protection against ultraviolet radiation for people of color.
tea is characterized by recurring amnestic seizures and is commonly associated with persistent interictal memory deficits.
despite reports of changes in smell , olfactory ability has not been objectively assessed in this group.
the aim of this study was to measure olfactory ability in patients with tea and explore whether olfactory symptoms relate to other clinical variables.
methods : fifty-five participants with tea were recruited from the impairment of memory in epilepsy project database.
the presence of olfactory symptoms was obtained via case notes and clinical interview.
participants completed questionnaires to evaluate their olfaction and memory function subjectively.
olfactory ability was measured using the university of pennsylvania smell identification test ( upsit ) .
tea participants ' performance was compared to @number@ matched healthy control participants.
results : olfactory hallucinations were reported in @percent@ of patients with tea.
a significant reduction in smell identification ( upsit ) was found between patients with tea and healthy controls ( p < 0.001 ) .
epilepsy variables , including history of olfactory hallucinations , were not predictive of olfactory ability.
patients reported ongoing memory difficulties and performed below normative values on objective tests.
while no correlation was found between objective measures of memory and olfactory performance , subjective complaints of route finding difficulty was associated with upsit score.
conclusions : impairments in odor identification are common in patients with tea and exceed changes that occur in normal aging.
olfactory hallucinations occurs in approximately half of patients with tea , but do not always coincide with reduced sense of smell.
olfactory impairment and interictal memory problems both occur frequently in tea but are not closely associated.
in the context of aging , this theory raises interesting questions , given that the motivations of older adults differ from those of younger adults.
this suggests that the phasic release of ne in response to threatening stimuli may be diminished in older adults.
a behavioral index of attentional alerting served as a marker of phasic arousal.
for younger adults , this marker correlated with the effect of both gain and loss incentives on performance.
for older adults , in contrast , the correlation between phasic arousal and incentive sensitivity held for gain incentives only.
these findings suggest that the enlistment of phasic ne activity may be specific to approach-oriented motivation in older adults.
however , exactly how simultaneous tasks affect the kinematics of walking remains unclear.
in the present study , gait kinematic properties of older fallers and non-fallers were compared under cognitive and motor dual-task conditions.
in addition , functional balance was evaluated by means of the balance evaluation - systems test ( bestest ) .
two-way repeated-measures anovas revealed significant main effects of walking conditions.
however , no significant main effects of group ( fallers vs. non-fallers ) and no significant interaction effects between group and walking condition were observed.
the bestest revealed that functional balance in fallers was worse than in non-fallers.
we herein propose modifications to improve the performance of prs.
we introduce threshold-dependent winner's-curse adjustments for marginal association coefficients that are used to weight the single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in prs.
we applied our methods to gwas summary-level data of @number@ complex diseases.
background : liver fibrosis was viewed as a reversible process.
the activation of hepatic stellate cells ( hscs ) is a key event in the process of liver fibrosis.
the induction of senescence of hscs would accelerate the clearance of the activated hscs.
methodology / principal findings : human hepatic stellate cell line , lx-2 cells , were cultured and stimulated with sea.
western blot and cellular immunofluorescence analysis were performed to determine the expression of senescence-associated protein , such as p27 , skp2 and foxo3a.
besides , rna interfering was applied to knockdown the expression of related protein.
the senescence of hscs was determined by senescence-associated β-gal staining.
we found that sea increased the expression of p27 protein , whereas it inhibited the expression of skp2 and foxo3a.
knockdown of p27 as well as overexpression of skp2 both suppressed the sea-induced senescence of hscs.
in addition , the nuclear translocation of foxo3a from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was induced by sea stimulation.
conclusions / significance : the present study demonstrates that sea promotes hscs senescence through the foxo3a / skp2 / p27 pathway.
results : enrolled participants had a median age of @number@ years ( range 23-73 ) .
there were no significant associations between p16ink4a expression and cytokines.
results of the elastic net regression showed weak relationships between il-1ra and ftc-triphosphate and deoxyadenosine triphosphate exposures , and mip-1β , age and tfv-diphosphate exposures.
conclusions : in this clinical evaluation , we found no relationships between p16ink4a expression and cytokines , or cytokines and intracellular nucleotide concentrations.
based on the spectrofluorescence study , the alterations in metoprolol binding affinity to the specific sites that increase the toxicity of the drug were investigated.
this review focuses on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells ( msc ) , bone formation and turn-over in good and ill skeletal fates.
the interacting molecular pathways which control bone remodeling in physiological conditions during a lifelong process are described.
then , alterations of the molecular pathways regulating osteogenesis are addressed.
mutations affecting the expression of key genes involved in the control of bone development occur in several heritable bone disorders.
the involvement of abnormal msc differentiation in cancer is then discussed.
finally , a brief overview of clinical applications of mscs in bone regeneration and repair is presented.
depression severely affects older adults in the united states.
as part of the social environment , significant social support was suggested to ameliorate depression among older adults.
we investigate how varying forms of social support moderate depressive symptomatology among older adults with multiple chronic conditions ( mcc ) .
data were analyzed using a sample of @number@ adults , aged @number@ years or older , from the 2006-2012 health and retirement study.
varying forms of social support played different moderating roles in depressive symptomatology among older adults with mcc.
positive spousal support significantly weakened the deleterious effect of mcc on depression.
conversely , all negative social support from spouse , children , other family , and friends significantly strengthened the deleterious effect of mcc on depression.
minimizing negative social support and maximizing positive spousal support can reduce depression caused by mcc and lead to successful aging among older adults.
background : cancer and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are common diseases of aging and share many risk factors.
surprisingly , however , epidemiologic data from several recent independent cohort studies suggest that there may be an inverse association between these diseases.
objective : to determine the relationship between history of cancer and odds of dementia proximate to death and neuropathological indices of ad.
the results remained significant after adjusting for multiple risk factors including age , sex , race , education , and presence of an apoeɛ4 allele.
conclusions : cancer survivors have reduced odds of developing ad and a lower burden of neurofibrillary tangle deposition.
by using a murine alzheimer's disease model , we investigated a potential influence of disease-associated changes on gastrointestinal properties.
human aβpp was not only expressed within the brain of these mice but also in gut tissue.
analysis of fecal proteins revealed a reduced trypsin amount in the 5xfad model mice as compared to the wild type.
in addition , we observed changes in fecal microbiota composition along with age.
diagnostic accuracy was improved compared to a previous study using data from only one administration of the exercise.
the results of the present study suggest that remote mci detection through vr applications can be feasible.
none : hepatic fibrosis is a global health problem currently without effective therapeutic approaches.
( hepatology @number@ ; 65 : 694-709 ) .
reduced igf signaling has been associated with increased lifespan and healthspan.
therefore , inhibition of papp-a represents a novel approach to indirectly decrease the availability of bioactive igf.
here , we will review data in support of papp-a as a therapeutic target to promote healthy longevity.
ageing of the innate and adaptive immune system , collectively termed immune senescence , is a complex process.
so far , however , it has been used sparingly to study immune ageing.
here we review the limited literature on homeostatic innate immune cell trafficking in ageing in the absence of chronic inflammation.
we also review our own recent data on trafficking of innate immune subsets between primary and secondary lymphoid organs in heterochronic parabiosis.
the huge equation has been recently described and validated in spain for screening ckd without taking into account the patient's gfr value.
this equation is based on patient's hematocrit , plasma urea levels and gender.
the present study documented that the huge equation had and acceptable performance for screening ckd in elderly argentine patients.
interaction effects of as , cd and pb on their respective bioaccessibility in co-contaminated soils were reported.
in addition , the influence of aging time ( up to @number@ days ) on potential interactions was also investigated.
experiments were carried out by spiking four diverse soils with single , binary or ternary mixtures of as , cd and pb.
soils were measured for bioaccessibility at different aging periods.
results demonstrate that bioaccessibility of as , cd and pb reached a steady state after soils were aged for @number@ days.
even the seemingly simple task of transporting a cup of coffee without spilling creates complex interaction forces that humans need to compensate for.
predicting the behavior of an underactuated object with nonlinear fluid dynamics based on an internal model appears daunting.
hence , this research tests the hypothesis that humans learn strategies that make interactions predictable and robust to inaccuracies in neural representations of object dynamics.
to gain insight into human control strategies , we operationalize predictability and robustness to permit quantitative theory-based assessment.
three studies are reviewed that show how with practice subjects develop movement strategies that are predictable and robust.
alternative criteria , common for free movement , such as maximization of smoothness and minimization of force , do not account for the observed data.
also , ctcae characterization does not routinely integrate detailed patient-reported and medical outcomes data available from clinically assessed cohorts.
before each record , he performed an incremental test on a cycling ergometer.
methods : medline , embase , cinahl , and cochrane databases were searched.
random-effects and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model meta-analyses were used to analyze the data.
results : seven hundred ninety-four articles were identified , and @number@ ( @number@ fetuses at risk for coa ) articles were included.
mean mitral valve diameter conclusions : the detection rate of coa may improve when a multiple-criteria prediction model is adopted.
further large multicenter studies sharing the same imaging protocols are needed to develop objective models for risk assessment in these fetuses.
the age-associated decline of adult stem cell function contributes to the physiological failure of homeostasis during aging.
the proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of proteostasis and its failure is associated with various biological phenomena including senescence and aging.
although stem cell biology has attracted intense attention , the role of proteasome in stemness and its age-dependent deterioration remains largely unclear.
additionally , we show that senescence and the concomitant failure of proteostasis negatively affects stemness.
remarkably , the loss of proliferative capacity and stemness of hmscs can be counteracted through proteasome activation.
a firm understanding of the mechanisms regulating proteostasis in stem cells will pave the way to innovative stem cell-based interventions to improve healthspan and lifespan.
extrinsic ( photo ) aging accelerates chronologically aging in the skin due to cumulative uv irradiation.
despite recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast aging , age-related changes of the skin barrier function have been understudied.
in contrast , the constantly increasing subpopulation of aged patients causes a clinical need for effective and safe ( dermatological ) treatment.
herein , we reconstructed human epidermis from uvb-irradiated keratinocytes ( uvb-rhe ) .
uvb-irradiated keratinocytes show higher activity of senescence associated β-galactosidase , less cell proliferation , and reduced viability.
higher amounts of β-galactosidase are also detectable in uvb-rhe.
moreover , uvb-rhe release more interleukin-1α and @number@ into the culture medium and present altered differentiation with a thinner stratum corneum compared to normal rhe.
taken together , uvb-rhe emulate hallmarks of skin aging and might contribute to an improved non-clinical development of medicinal or cosmetic products.
in conclusion , we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting brain ir in ad and the main strategies to pursue this goal.
by the time they reach retirement , individuals are typically highly experienced in sourcing food products and they have strong familiarity with food retailing environments.
the aim was to provide insights of relevance to the development of future efforts to optimise seniors ' food shopping experiences and nutrition-related outcomes.
interviews were conducted with @number@ western australians aged @number@ + years to discuss food shopping in the context of their day-to-day lives.
the sample was comprised mainly of women ( n = @number@ ) and the average age was @number@ years.
in general , food shopping was perceived to be a manageable but mundane part of life.
nadph oxidase ( nox ) generates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and has been suggested to mediate cell proliferation in some cancers.
immunostaining of clinical samples indicated that nox5 was overexpressed in @percent@ of breast ductal carcinoma samples.
nox5-l depletion consistently suppressed cell proliferation , invasion , and migration in vitro.
antibody-mediated neutralization of nox5-l attenuated tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model.
promoter analysis revealed that nox5-l expression is regulated by stat5a in breast cancer cells.
although sleep has been shown to be altered in mci and ad , little is known about sleep in scd.
methods : seventy cognitively normal community-dwelling participants were classified as scd ( @number@ ) or controls ( @number@ ) using the subjective cognitive decline questionnaire.
sleep was assessed using actigraphy and diaries.
freesurfer was used for performing medial temporal lobes ( mtls ) and brain cortical parcellation of 3t magnetic resonance images.
multiple regression models were used to assess the presence of sleep , mtl , or regional cortical differences between groups.
results : objective sleep was disrupted in scd participants , which showed increased nighttime wakefulness and reduced sleep efficiency.
no group differences emerged in subjective sleep or magnetic resonance imaging outcomes.
discussion : objective sleep resulted disrupted in community-dwelling scd , without any subjective sleep or cortical change.
sleep assessment / intervention in scd might help prevent / delay ad onset.
recent advantages in the anatomical understanding of the face have turned the focus toward the subcutaneous and deep facial fat compartments.
during facial aging , these fat-filled compartments undergo substantial changes along with other structures in the face.
these various fat types differ in the size of the adipocytes and the collagenous composition of their extracellular matrix and thus in their mechanical properties.
suture threads are a minimally invasive surgical technique for facial rejuvenation.
for correction of the aging face , surgeons are devising more procedures with fewer incisions and shorter postoperative recovery periods.
many of these procedures use absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures in the dermis and subcutis to lift lax skin.
many techniques have been presented over recent decades to address the neck contour in facial cosmetic surgery.
despite advances , limitations remain when dealing with the obtuse cervicomental angle.
the authors describe a technique for improving the obtuse cervicomental angle.
submental muscular medialization and suspension is a simple yet highly effective surgical technique that can result in dramatic and enduring improvement in the cervicomental angle.
one of the first signs of aging belongs to the upper third of the face.
at the same time , the height and shape of the eyebrows are key points of the periorbital aesthetics.
a \ "tired \ " or \ "sad \ " look implies that the complex eyebrow-upper eyelid are showing one or more of these signs.
twenty-five patients who fulfilled the criteria for the study were analyzed for brow-position changes in height and shape.
all the patients were treated by the senior authors using the technique described.
this particular surgical technique has shown the advantage of being minimally invasive and effective.
careful analysis of the patient should be made to decide both the technique and the changes desired by the patient and the surgeon.
the authors believe the technique described is another option for approaching and fixating the eyebrow.
however , much of the work to date suffers from four limitations.
first , none of the u.s.-based studies examine the association at the national level.
third , no u.s. study has longitudinally examined cognitive health trajectories.
we also explored potential mediators including neighborhood socioeconomic status , perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived neighborhood physical disorder.
neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , composed of hyperphosphorylated tau , are a key pathologic feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
tau phosphorylation is under the control of multiple kinases and phosphatases , including fyn.
previously , our group found an association between @number@ regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fyn gene with increased tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
in this study , we hypothesized that fyn expression in the brain is influenced by ad status and genetic content.
functional motor declines that often occur with advancing age-including reduced efficacy to learn new skills-can have a substantial impact on the quality of life.
participants completed the t25fwt and , after a rest , they then hopped using both feet @number@ times along the walkway.
all patients previously tested negative for pathogenic brca1 and brca2 mutations.
all data collection occurred between @date@ , and @date@ .
data analysis was performed from @date@ , to @date@ .
positive associations were stratified by age at onset and cancer family history.
no significant association was detected for unselected oc cases ( or , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.57-5.08 ; p = @number@ ) .
larger studies are required to determine age-dependent disease risks for bc and to assess a potential role of fancm mutations in oc pathogenesis.
objective : genotyping for cyp2d6 has the potential to predict differences in metabolism of nortriptyline.
this information could optimize pharmacotherapy.
we determined the costs and effects of routine genotyping for old aged dutch depressed inpatients.
methods : with a decision-tree , we modelled the first @number@ weeks of nortriptyline therapy.
direct costs of genotyping , hospitalization , therapeutic drug monitoring and drugs were included.
based on genotype , patients could be correctly , sub- , or supratherapeutically dosed.
improvement from sub- or supratherapeutically dosed patients to correctly dosed patients was simulated , assuming that genotyping would prevent under- or overdosing of patients.
in the base case , this improvement was assumed to be @percent@.
a probabilistic sensitivity analysis ( psa ) was performed to determine uncertainty around the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( icer ) .
to reach a €50 @number@ per qaly cut-off , genotyping costs should be decreased towards €40 per test.
at genotyping test costs < €35 per test , genotyping was dominant.
at test costs of €17 per test there was a @percent@ probability that genotyping was cost-effective at €50 @number@ per qaly.
lamins help maintain the shape and stability of the nuclear envelope in addition to regulating dna replication , dna transcription , proliferation and differentiation.
the accumulation of progerin in hgps nuclei causes numerous morphological and functional changes that lead to premature cellular senescence.
rapamycin is an obvious candidate for the treatment of hgps disease but is difficult to utilize clinically.
our findings suggest that future therapeutic strategies should identify new drug combinations and treatment regimens that target all the dysfunctional hallmarks that characterize hgps cells.
muscle architecture is an important component to typical musculoskeletal models.
previous studies of human muscle architecture have focused on a single joint , two adjacent joints , or an entire limb.
to date , no study has presented muscle architecture for the upper and lower limbs of a single cadaver.
additionally , muscle architectural parameters from elderly cadavers are lacking , making it difficult to accurately model elderly populations.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to present muscle architecture of the upper and lower limbs of a @number@ year old female cadaver.
data from this complete cadaver are presented in table format.
additionally , an elderly individual can be modeled which will provide insight into muscle function as we age.
background : benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common progressive disease in aging men , which leads to a significant impact on daily lives of patients.
continuous bladder irrigation ( cbi ) is a supplementary option for preventing the adverse events following transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) .
conclusion : the study suggests that the automatic regulating device applied with wireless sensor for cbi is safe and effective for patients after turp.
however , studies with a large population of patients and a long-term follow-up should be conducted to validate our findings.
allscripts home care and lifestream software was used to query data from patient records.
rehospitalization rates were analyzed using cochran-mantel-haenszel tests.
results : a total of @number@ of the @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were rehospitalized during their home health 60-day episode of care.
this percentage includes all-cause rehospitalizations.
conclusions : there was no statistically significant difference between the @number@ groups for all-cause rehospitalization rates.
further prospective research is required to determine best practices and multidisciplinary protocols to further reduce rehospitalization rates in this population.
unbound drug is the pharmacodynamically relevant concentration.
we identified an androgen-dependent lncrna , potef-as1 , whose expression was regulated by androgen receptor in two androgen-dependent cells by using directional rna sequencing analysis.
potef-as1 promoted cell growth , repressed genes related to the toll-like receptor signaling and apoptosis pathways , and inhibited apoptosis in docetaxel-treated lncap cells.
these findings suggest that potef-as1 would play a key role in the progression of prostate cancer by repressing toll-like receptor signaling.
the amyloid β ( aβ ) protein is a major component of senile plaques , one of the neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease.
amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein ( app ) by β- and γ-secretases leads to production of aβ.
app contains tandem triple repeats of the gxxxg motif in its extracellular juxtamembrane and transmembrane regions.
therefore , the relationship between the gxxxg motifs , substrate dimerization , and γ-secretase-dependent cleavage sites remains unclear.
surprisingly , alanine substitutions in the motif failed to alter c99 dimerization in detergent soluble state.
our data suggest that the gxxxg motif is crucial for aβ production , but not for c99 dimerization.
gingival recession is the main causal factor of root caries and dentine hypersensitivity.
in addition to the reduction in the volume of pulp chamber , changes to the dental pulp also include dental pulp calcifications.
therefore , regular oral examinations coupled with early preventive measures should aim at maintaining oral health until old age.
design : prospective cohort.
setting : one tertiary care medical center and eight postacute care sites.
participants : hospital-based providers ( hospitalists , geriatricians , pharmacists , social workers , medical trainees , and subspecialists ) and postacute care clinicians.
intervention : all patients discharged to eight postacute care sites were discussed in a weekly videoconference.
they had an average hospital length of stay of @number@ days.
postacute care providers felt that the videoconference enhanced communication and provided much-needed access to information and hospital staff.
of the @number@ pharmacy discrepancies identified , @percent@ involved an omission of a medication.
conclusion : as increasing numbers of older adults are discharged to postacute care facilities , they face high-risk care transitions.
extension for community healthcare outcomes-care transitions ( echo-ct ) facilitates interdisciplinary communication between hospital and postacute care providers , who normally have minimal interaction.
preliminary data suggests that echo-ct may improve the transitions of care processes between these sites.
in this project we found that the patient's age determines the frequency of intraperitoneal metastases of ovarian cancer.
the panel of mediators of the pro-cancerous activity of senescent hpmcs appeared to be cancer cell line-specific.
the growth of tumors in a mouse peritoneal cavity was intensified when the cancer cells were co-injected together with senescent hpmcs.
this effect was reversible when the senescence of hpmcs was slowed down by the neutralization of p38 mapk.
purpose : to examine the associations of nerve fiber layer ( nfl ) thickness with other ocular characteristics in older adults.
self-reported histories of glaucoma and the use of drops to lower eye pressure were obtained at follow-up examinations ( 2014-2016 ) .
results : nfl thickness measured on octs varied by location around the optic nerve.
age was associated with mean nfl thickness.
mean nfl was thinnest in eyes with larger cup / disc ( c / d ) ratios.
horizontal hemifield defects or other optic nerve-field defects were associated with thinner nfl.
nfl in persons who reported taking eye drops for high intraocular pressure was thinner compared to those not taking drops.
conclusion : retinal nfl thickness was associated with a new history of self-reported glaucoma @number@ years later.
presents an obituary for james e.
\ "jim \ " birren , who passed away on @date@ , at the age of @number@
a pioneer in aging research , jim is considered by many to be the father of modern gerontological psychology.
( psycinfo database record tumor-derived gangliosides in the tumor microenvironment are involved in the malignant progression of cancer.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of gangliosides shed from tumors on macrophage phenotype remain unknown.
we found that gm1 bound to macrophage mannose receptor ( mmr / cd206 ) and common gamma chain ( γc ) .
interestingly , gm1-stimulated macrophages secreted monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( mcp-1 / ccl2 ) through a cd206 / γc / stat6-mediated signaling pathway and induced angiogenesis.
moreover , the angiogenic effect of gm1-treated macrophages was diminished by rs102895 , an mcp-1 receptor ( ccr2 ) antagonist.
from these results we suggest that tumor-shed ganglioside is a secretory factor regulating the phenotype of macrophages and consequently enhancing angiogenesis.
methods : secondary analyses were conducted on an existing dataset from a study of adults with hf.
descriptive statistics , univariate analyses , binary and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors and explore factors related to ui absorbent products use.
mediation analysis was also performed.
results : one hundred women had ui and information about absorbent products use.
one-third reported that their ui started before their hf diagnosis.
eighty-two women reported using absorbent products.
there are two members of the vasohibin ( vash ) family , vash1 and vash2.
vash1 is expressed mainly in endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis , whereas vash2 is expressed mainly in cancer cells to stimulate tumor growth.
the aim of the present study was to establish neutralizing monoclonal antibody ( mab ) against human vash2 and apply it as an anti-cancer treatment.
we previously raised mab against several synthetic peptides of hvash1 , and found that one of them exhibited neutralizing activity against hvash1.
because of the similarity in the amino acid sequences between vash1 and vash2 , we hypothesized that they shared the bioactive center.
when we mutated four amino acids within the region , the mutant vash2 lost its pro-angiogenic activity.
in terms of anti-tumor activity , @number@ mg / kg of clone @number@ was equivalent to @number@ mg / kg of bevacizmab.
from these results , we propose the targeting of human vash2 with neutralizing mab as a new strategy for cancer treatment.
defects of genome maintenance may causally contribute to aging.
however , survival of the nth1δ rad16δ double mutant was significantly reduced after entry into the stationary phase.
deletion of rad16 in an ap endonuclease mutant apn2δ also accelerated chronological aging.
these results indicate that ber and ner synergistically contribute to genome maintenance in non-dividing cells.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) accumulated in cells during the stationary phase , and nth1δ rad16δ cells produced more ros than wt cells.
high mutation frequencies and nuclear dna fragmentation were observed in nth1δ rad16δ stationary-phase cells concurrent with apoptotic-like cell death.
calorie restriction significantly reduced the level of ros in the stationary phase and extended the cls of nth1δ rad16δ cells.
therefore , ros production critically affects the survival of the dna repair mutant during chronological aging.
insomnia disorder is associated with both subjective and objective daytime impairments.
in particular , cognitive impairments are frequently reported.
however , little is known about the effects of this pathology on perceptual processes.
in this study we aim at evaluating the effect of insomnia disorder on visual processing by employing a visual search paradigm.
twenty-three patients with insomnia disorder and @number@ healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects participated in the study.
target's salience and distractors ' numerosity were manipulated , while accuracy and reaction times were recorded as dependent variables.
the results mainly confirmed the typical effects of a visual search task.
an overall delay in performing the task was observed for patients with insomnia disorder.
however , little is known about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on different diffusivity indices among late middle-aged adults.
all four diffusivity indices had high heritability at the global level ( 72%-80% ) .
despite the narrow age range of this community-based sample , age was correlated with all four diffusivity indices at the global level.
future studies could aim to discover the particular set of genes that underlie the significant heritability of white matter microstructure.
hum brain mapp 38 : 2026-2036 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in teaching hospital-kurunegala during @number@ to @number@
based on the pattern of the presence of gray hair in different body sites , six stages of gray hair were computed.
our findings demonstrate the value of information of appearance of gray hair for age estimation in the field of forensic science.
background : less downtime following esthetic interventions leads to the popularity of injectable solutions for facial rejuvenation treatments.
surgical interventions for esthetic purposes are usually associated with higher complication rates and longer recovery times when compared to less invasive treatments.
here we present for the first time a minimally invasive surgical technique for a simultaneous mid-face and eyebrow lift using one small temporal incision.
materials and methods : we prospectively studied patients who underwent facial rejuvenation using a minimal undermining suspension technique ( must ) in an outpatient setting.
postoperatively , surgical complications were classified according to the clavien-dindo classification.
preoperatively and at 12-month post-intervention , patient-reported outcomes were described using the face-q questionnaire.
pre- and postoperative pictures were compared using merz aesthetic scales.
results : fifty-five patients ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) with a mean age of @number@ years were studied.
no displacements of the palpebral rim or injuries to the facial nerve were observed.
recovery time was in average @number@ days and no long-term complications were seen.
both , the face-q and the merz aesthetic scales showed significant improvements at 12-month post-surgery ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the must can be used as a minimal invasive procedure for facial rejuvenation with a short downtime and low complication rate.
the discreet temporal access and the must dissector allowed a safe dissection of anatomical tissue planes to perform safely a mid-face and eyebrow lift.
further studies are warranted to prove long-term outcomes.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
background : fractional lasers were introduced to provide increased safety , while maintaining high efficacy and patient satisfaction.
patients were categorized by fitzpatrick skin type ( i-iv ) to determine whether skin type was related to the frequency of complications.
results : seven hundred thirty patients underwent procedures using fractional lasers in our center.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
background : injection-related pain of dermal fillers is a consistent and bothersome problem for patients undergoing soft tissue augmentation.
reducing the pain could improve overall patient satisfaction.
for split-face study , ha idf plus was injected to one side of nlf , and ha idf was injected to the other side.
the first evaluation variable was the injection site pain measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale ( vas ) .
the second evaluation variables included the global aesthetic improvement scale , wrinkle severity rating scale , and adverse events.
the two fillers were not significantly different in safety profile or wrinkle correction during the follow-up visit.
conclusions : ha idf plus significantly reduced the injection-related pain during nlfs correction compared with ha idf without altering clinical outcomes or safety.
both ha idf plus and ha idf were considerably tolerated and most adverse reactions were mild and transient.
level of evidence i : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
in this model , the eye fissure represents a painting , and the most peripheral shadows around it represent the frame of this painting.
the narrower the frame , the more aesthetically pleasing and youthful the gaze appears.
materials and method : this study included a literature review of the features that make the gaze appear attractive.
photographs of models with attractive gazes were examined , and old photographs of patients were compared to recent photographs.
the frame ratio was defined by anthropometric measurements of modern portraits of twenty consecutive miss world winners.
results : the frame height inversely correlated with attractiveness in modern female portrait photographs.
the eye fissure frame ratio of modern idealized female portraits was similar to that of beautiful female portraits idealized by classical artists.
in contrast , the eye fissure frames of classical artists ' mothers ' portraits were significantly wider than those of beautiful younger women.
level of evidence iii : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
none : soft tissue filler injections are the second most common non-surgical procedure performed by the plastic surgeon.
level of evidence v : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
according to the peak and decline model divergent thinking declines at a specific age ( in or after middle age ) .
however , if divergent thinking declines steadily in aging still has to be clarified.
interestingly , all components were found to be preserved after declining.
these results support the idea that divergent thinking does not decline steadily in the elderly.
impaired cognitive function is increasingly recognized in copd.
yet , the prevalence of cognitive impairment in specific cognitive domains in copd has been poorly studied.
the aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to compare the prevalence of domain-specific cognitive impairment between patients with copd and non-copd controls.
a neuropsychological assessment was administered in @number@ stable copd patients and @number@ non-copd controls with comparable smoking status , age , and level of education.
six core tests from the maastricht aging study were used to assess general cognitive impairment.
early nc and delayed nc were defined as ncs performed before and @number@ days after the day of aki diagnosis , respectively.
multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding and selection bias.
results : in total , @number@ patients were included for the final analysis , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were evaluated by nephrologists.
the 90-day mortality rate was @percent@ , and dialysis was required in @percent@ of patients ( 9 / 623 ) .
the nc was delayed ( > 48 h ) in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) ( median time to consultation , @number@ days ) .
the median aki diagnosis time , presence of oliguria , uric acid level , and a more severe aki stage were associated with delayed consultation.
an earlier nc may not be associated with improved 90-day survival.
design : this is a clinical , prospective , randomized , controlled , one-center intervention study.
setting : this study was conducted in a large county hospital in western sweden.
participants : the study included @number@ frail elderly patients , aged ≥75 years , in need of acute in-hospital treatment.
the patients were allocated to the intervention group ( n = 206 ) or control group ( n = 202 ) .
mean age of the patients was @number@ years , and @percent@ were female.
intervention : this organizational form of care is characterized by a structured , systematic interdisciplinary cga-based care at an acute elderly care unit.
secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality , rehospitalizations , and hospital care costs.
we examined whether cumulative average and longitudinal changes in these biomarkers were associated with subsequent mi risk.
results : during @number@ years of follow-up ( 2006-2012 ) , we documented @number@ incident mi cases.
longitudinal increase in hs-crp was also associated with a higher risk of mi.
methods : we performed structural brain mri and dce-mri in @number@ patients with clinically overt csvd and @number@ age- and sex-matched controls.
using the patlak pharmacokinetic model , we calculated the leakage rate.
the mean leakage rate and relative leakage volume were calculated using noise-corrected histogram analysis.
no significant difference was found for leakage rate in any of the tissue regions.
conclusion : we demonstrated a larger tissue volume with subtle bbb leakage in patients with csvd than in controls.
this was shown in the nawm , wmh , and cgm , supporting the generalized nature of csvd.
influenza virus rna-dependent rna polymerase consists of three viral protein subunits : pa , pb1 , and pb2.
furthermore , by combining computational modeling and the bilc reporter assay , we identified several novel small-molecule compounds that selectively inhibited pb1-pb2 interaction.
function of one such lead compound was confirmed by its activity in suppressing influenza virus replication.
the mammalian intestinal mucosa exhibits a spectrum of responses after acute injury and repairs itself rapidly to restore the epithelial integrity.
with this rapidly growing vulnerable population , it becomes imperative to identify enhanced and novel preparedness strategies and measures.
in nearly every major disaster , elderly populations have suffered disproportionate morbidity and mortality.
this is often due to elderly evacuees getting overlooked in the chaos of an initial response.
instituting measures to rapidly recognize this population in a crowd during an evacuation will reduce their risk.
the pink vests quickly alert disaster rescue and response workers of ltc residents with special needs.
( disaster med public health preparedness.
@number@ @time@ @number@ ) .
background : many kidney-tonifying chinese herbal medicines exert effects on anti-aging by comprehensive interactions of multiple targets.
however , the interactions of multi-targets targeted by effective ingredients of kidney-tonifying chinese herbal medicines are unknown.
methods : kidney-tonifying chinese medicines with anti-aging effects were screened from the chinese pharmacopoeia and the literatures.
target proteins of these herbal medicines were obtained from bioinformatics databases.
target pairs with high correlation related to anti-aging were also discovered by data mining algorithm.
and regulatory networks of targets were built based on the target pairs.
results : twenty-eight kidney-tonifying herbal medicines with anti-aging effects and @number@ related target proteins were collected.
target pairs and regulatory networks of targets could reflect more potential interactions between targets and comprehensive effects on anti-aging.
compared with the existing researches , it was found that the kidney-tonifying herbal medicines may exert anti-aging effects in multiple pathways in this study.
aging is identified by a progressive decline of physiological integrity leading to age-related degenerative diseases , but its causes is unclear.
human dental pulp stem cells ( hdpscs ) has a remarkable rejuvenated capacity that relies on its resident stem cells.
however , because of the lack of proper senescence models , exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms has been hindered.
taken together , the cellular model have important implications for understanding the molecular exploration of dental pulp stem cells senescence and aging.
in univariate logistic regression analysis , tc diagnosis was associated with inadequate levels of vitamin d ( p = .047 ) .
vitamin d levels were lower when follow-up was > @number@ years , albeit this difference was not statistically significant ( p = .074 ) .
long-term ( especially > @number@ years ) tc survivors may have difficulty maintaining optimal vitamin d levels.
larger studies are needed to better characterize vitamin d status and possible correlations with premature hormonal aging reported in long-term tc survivors.
osteopontin ( spp1 , a secreted phosphoprotein @number@ ) is primarily involved in immune responses , tissue remodelling and biomineralization.
however , it is also overexpressed in many cancers and regulates tumour progression by increasing migration , invasion and cancer stem cell self-renewal.
mechanisms of spp1 overexpression in gliomas are poorly understood.
we demonstrate overexpression of two out of five spp1 isoforms in glioblastoma ( gbm ) and differential isoform expression in glioma cell lines.
gli1 knockdown reduced spp1 mrna and protein levels in glioma cells.
gli1 and @date@ are known regulators of stem cell pluripotency.
gbms contain rare cells that express stem cell markers and display ability to self-renew.
we reveal that spp1 is overexpressed in glioma initiating cells defined by high rhodamine @number@ efflux , sphere forming capacity and stemness marker expression.
forced differentiation of human glioma spheres reduced spp1 expression.
knockdown of spp1 , gli1 or cd44 with sirnas diminished sphere formation.
c6 glioma cells stably depleted of spp1 displayed reduced sphere forming capacity and downregulated stemness marker expression.
overexpression of the wild type spp1 , but not spp1 lacking a cd44 binding domain , rescued cell ability to form spheres.
purpose of review : cancer , aging , and cognition form a complicated interface that can challenge patients , caretakers , and healthcare professionals.
as a result , older cancer patients can experience increased morbidity and mortality.
objective : to determine if antidepressant drug usage is associated with cognitive impairment or dementia , including alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
an initial screen by abstracts and titles was performed , and relevant full articles were then reviewed and assessed for their methodologic quality.
crude effect estimates were extracted from the included articles and a pooled estimate was obtained using a random effects model.
results : five articles were selected from an initial pool of @number@ articles.
age was identified as a likely modifier of the association between antidepressant use and some form of cognitive impairment or ad / dementia.
conclusions : antidepressant drug usage is associated with ad / dementia and this is particularly evident if usage begins before age @number@
this association may arise due to confounding by depression or depression severity.
however , biological mechanisms potentially linking antidepressant exposure to dementia have been described , so an etiological effect of antidepressants is possible.
with this confirmation that an association exists , clarification of underlying etiologic pathways requires urgent attention.
objectives : to evaluate the relationship between gait speed , recall memory , and mortality.
design : a cohort study ( last follow-up @date@ ) .
setting : tuscany , italy.
participants were a mean ( sd ) age of @number@ ( @number@ ) years , and @percent@ women.
measurements : all-cause mortality.
results : there were @number@ deaths and the overall @number@ person-year death rate was @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.37-4.22 ) .
conclusion : in older persons , gait speed and recall memory are independent predictors of expected survival.
information on memory function might better stratify mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed.
the paper reviews human mastication , focusing on its age-related changes.
the first part describes mastication adaptation in young healthy individuals.
adaptation to obtain a food bolus ready to be swallowed relies on variations in number of cycles , muscle strength and volume of emitted saliva.
as a result , the food bolus displays granulometric and rheological properties , the values of which are maintained within the adaptive range of deglutition.
the second part concerns healthy ageing.
some mastication parameters are slightly modified by age , but ageing itself does not impair mastication , as the adaptation possibilities remain operant.
the third part reports on very aged subjects , who display frequent systemic or local diseases.
the resulting impaired function increases the risk of aspiration and choking.
lastly , the consequences for eating behaviour and nutrition are evoked.
materials and methods : for this observational study , we selected individuals from the general population of ohasama , a rural japanese community.
results : during the follow-up , @percent@ reported declines in higher level functional capacity.
conclusion : silent cerebrovascular lesions are associated with future risk of decline in higher level functional capacity.
appropriate management of health risk factors to prevent silent cerebrovascular lesions may prevent higher level functional decline in the elderly population.
background / purpose : cushing's disease ( cd ) is the most common cause of endogenous cushing's syndrome.
transsphenoidal surgery ( tss ) is the first choice of treatment.
predicting prognosis after treatment can benefit further strategies of management , but currently there is no convenient predictor.
this study aims to investigate characteristic changes after treatment and to identify potential prognostic predictors.
methods : we retrospectively studied the records of cd patients presenting to the national taiwan university hospital , taipei , taiwan between @number@ and @number@
they were categorized according to treatment response.
clinical features and examination findings were compared between groups.
results : forty-one patients with cd were included.
the follow-up time was @number@.26-19.3 years.
the time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was @number@.1-120.0 months.
the initial remission rate of cd after the first treatment was @percent@.
higher acth levels before treatment predicted a recurrence of cd.
these are potentially simple and practical predictors of prognosis.
context : kidney , prostate , and bladder cancers increase with age and are influenced partly by modifiable risk factors.
urological cancer rates may increase substantially amid a growing , aging population.
evidence acquisition : cancer mortality data were derived from global vital registries.
incidence data from cancer registries were transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality incidence ratios.
these sources served as input data for an ensemble modeling approach to estimate bladder , prostate , and kidney cancer mortality.
cause-specific mortality estimates were transformed into incidence estimates using mortality incidence ratios.
evidence synthesis : in @number@ @number@ million kidney , bladder , and prostate cancers cases occurred worldwide , increasing @number@.5-fold since @number@
mortality increased @number@.6-fold between @number@ and @number@
eight-two percent of new cases in @number@ occurred in individuals aged @number@ yr and older.
men from developed countries had the highest age-standardized death rates among all three cancers.
smoking-attributable kidney cancer deaths decreased while obesity-related deaths rose , most prominently in women from developing countries.
smoking-related bladder cancer deaths increased among women from developed countries and decreased among men.
conclusions : urologic cancer burden has increased globally amid population growth and aging.
high income countries face the highest incidence and death rates ; however , obesity-attributed kidney cancer deaths are increasing in developing countries.
efforts to expand the global oncologic workforce and reduce preventable factors may lessen cancer disparities in developing countries.
more new cancer cases and deaths occur in developed countries compared with developing countries.
in addition to preventive efforts , healthcare systems must emphasize training of a urologic oncology workforce.
the p.s85c matr3 variant was previously associated to a different phenotype , namely a distal myopathy associated with dysphagia and dysphonia.
here , we assessed the contribution of matr3 variants in a cohort of @number@ italian als patients.
of our patients showed signs of myopathy at electrophysiological examination.
muscle biopsy , performed in @number@ patients , showed neurogenic changes and normal nuclear staining with anti-matrin @number@ antibody.
our results confirm that matr3 variants are associated with als and suggest that they are more frequent in italian als patients.
further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenic significance of identified variants in sporadic and familial als.
the senescence programme is implicated in diverse biological processes , including embryogenesis , tissue regeneration and repair , tumorigenesis , and ageing.
two main classes of senescent cells have been identified : acute and chronic senescent cells.
senescent cells have been identified in many tissues and organs , including the kidney.
here , we discuss the emerging roles of senescent cells in renal development , homeostasis , and pathology.
this study investigated the autonomic and haemodynamic responses to different aerobic exercise loads , with and without blood flow restriction ( bfr ) .
finally , future directions for policy , research , and practice are proposed in order to increase chinese elders ' civic engagement.
in this study , the composition of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions was analyzed by uplc-esi-ms / ms in @number@ volunteers.
these results provide a link among the mediterranean dietary pattern , the bioactive compounds of the diet , and the fecal metabolic phenolic profile.
in addition , this pilot study should allow for the exploration of potential interactions between qol , socioeconomic , health and oral health variables.
the oral health status of participants was assessed by clinical examination.
socio-demographic , environmental and general health status were evaluated during the medical interview.
health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) and oral health-related quality of life ( ohrqol ) were measured with the eq-5d and ohip-14 questionnaires.
statistical analyses comprised pearson's c2 test , wilcoxon test , linear regression model for statistical analysis and different multivariate linear regression analyses.
differences between polish and german populations were observed.
conclusions : the study design proved to be feasible for a senior population.
the overall gqol question , eq-5d and ohip-14 were regarded as appropriate instruments.
subjective and objective ( oral ) health measures showed differences between germany and poland.
for methodological reasons , these differences are not generalizable , but of value for study hypotheses in larger samples.
sixty-one percent of all participants stated that the elderly are needed in society.
conclusions : perceptions of elderly people by the seniors are different , complex and multidimensional.
the perception of elderly people to society can variously affect ( positively or negatively ) quality of life in this age group.
there is a need to integrate seniors with younger generations in order to eliminate the stereotypes prevailing in society about older people.
this review will explore the clinical and pathological findings of the various forms of creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) .
the earliest pathological symptom observed by he staining in the cerebral cortex is spongiform change.
this spongiform change begins several months before clinical onset , and is followed by gliosis.
subsequently , neuropil rarefaction appears , followed by neuron loss.
in latvia , only limited research targeting the health and home situation of very old people is available.
longitudinal data from those involved on both data collection occasions ( n = @number@ ) was used.
at the nine-year follow-up , participants were between @number@ and @number@ years of age , still living in their own homes.
the results show that not only health aspects varied along the ageing process , objective and perceived aspects of home also changed.
life satisfaction increased over the years even though objective health factors decreased.
none : vitamin d deficiency was common in older adults from a country with adequate sun exposure.
the variables associated with this deficiency provide insight into the next steps needed to characterize older adults with this deficiency and to treat it accordingly.
purpose : the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with vitamin d deficiency among mexican older adults.
methods : this was a secondary analysis of the last wave of the mexican health and aging study.
vitamin d levels along with other biomarkers were obtained from a sub-sample of mexican adults older than @number@ years.
prevalence was described by sex and age group , and a multivariate analysis was performed to test the factors associated with this condition.
results : data from @number@ adults over the age of @number@ years were analyzed.
in total , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) presented with vitamin d deficiency , @percent@ of whom were women.
hayflick ( plos genet 3 ( @number@ ) : 2351-2354 , @number@ ) described six universal characteristics of aging that focus upon post-reproductive molecular entropy.
they both apply the financing mode of individual premiums plus government's subsidies , and the voluntary enrollment.
results : there is indeed some adverse selection in the urbmi and the ncms.
age influences enrollment greater than health status.
the older the insured are , the larger the enrollment rates are.
with the increasing of governments ' subsidies , the proportion of individual's premiums should also be increased.
background : obese men commonly have reductions in circulating testosterone and report symptoms consistent with androgen deficiency.
we hypothesized that testosterone treatment improves constitutional and sexual symptoms over and above the effects of weight loss alone.
methods : we conducted a pre-specified analysis of a randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial at a tertiary referral center.
about @number@ obese men ( body mass index ( bmi ) ⩾30 kg m results : eighty-two men completed the study.
this corresponds to improvements of @percent@ and @percent@ from baseline scores of @number@ and @number@ respectively , with higher scores denoting more severe symptoms.
men with erectile dysfunction ( iief-5⩽20 ) had improved erectile function with testosterone treatment.
i studied patients who had received end-of-life care at our clinic and investigated integrated community care based on these experiences.
atotal of @number@ patients received end-of-life care at our clinic from october of @number@ to december of @number@
this was believed to be the effect of the aging population rate continuing to increase each year in akita city.
understanding of home healthcare is still insufficient not only among patients ' families but even among healthcare professionals as well.
however , now that extensive home care collaboration networks have been formed , provision of end-of-life care at hospitals may be showing a declining trend.
according to the report , there were over @number@ excess beds throughout japan with akita prefecture having approximately @number@ extra beds.
therefore , there is a need to further improve and strengthen the integrated community care system.
the aging society has arrived , and home care options are being promoted.
this paper explores a patient appropriate for level-3 care with brain hemorrhage and paralysis of the left half of the body.
this patient required supportive and adaptive devices , a cane for walking , and constant observation.
in consideration of the wishes of the patient and his family , he was allowed to go home.
objective : alkaptonuria ( aku ) is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting from a single enzyme deficiency in tyrosine metabolism.
as a result , homogentisic acid cannot be metabolized , causing systemic increases.
over time , homogentisic acid polymerizes and deposits in collagenous tissues , leading to ochronosis.
typically , this occurs in joint cartilages , leading to an early onset , rapidly progressing osteoarthropathy.
the aim of this study was to examine tissue turnover in cartilage affected by ochronosis and its role in disease initiation and progression.
we measured cartilage concentrations ( normalized to dry weight ) of racemized aspartate , gag , comp and deamidated comp ( d-comp ) .
unpaired aku , oa and non-oa samples were compared by non-parametric mann-whitney u test.
racemized asx ( aspartate and asparagine ) was significantly enriched in aku cartilage compared with in oa cartilage.
compared with oa and non-oa , aku cartilage demonstrates a very low turnover state and has low levels of extractable matrix proteins.
the additional antithrombotic properties displayed by ticagrelor may explain its greater efficacy in reducing thrombotic events in clinical trials.
these findings may provide the basis for new indications for ticagrelor.
the genetic landscape of classical myeloproliferative neoplasm ( mpn ) is in large part elucidated.
the mpn-restricted driver mutations , including those in in glaucoma , lowered intraocular pressure ( iop ) confers neuroprotection.
elevated iop characterizes glaucoma and arises from impaired aqueous humor ( ah ) outflow.
increased resistance in the trabecular meshwork ( tm ) , a filter-like structure essential to regulate ah outflow , may result in the impaired outflow.
flow through the 360° circumference of tm structures may be non-uniform , divided into high and low flow regions , termed as segmental.
from the cce , ah enters a deep scleral plexus ( dsp ) of vessels that typically run parallel to sc.
however , the molecular mechanisms that maintain homeostatic properties of endothelial cells along the pathways are not well understood.
how these molecular events change during aging and in glaucoma pathology remain unresolved.
background : cross-sectional research suggests social capital has negative consequences for problem drinking behaviors.
previous studies have suggested psychosocial resources , including perceived control , may buffer this association.
little research has examined whether such relationships persist longitudinally.
fixed effects models assessed whether social capital and perceived control were related to changes in problem drinking.
perceived control moderated the positive association of network capital with binge drinking ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.87-0.96 ) .
methods : a total of @number@ patients underwent flair , 3d-tof-mra and gd-3dbb with a @number@.5-t scanner.
the degree and distribution of the arterial wall enhancement on gd-3dbb was assessed.
in addition , @number@ intrapetrous icas ( @percent@ ) showed strong enhancement.
purpose : the present study aimed to investigate the association between hypertension and physical / functional capacities in community-dwelling older females.
normotensive older females showed a higher performance in the one-leg stand test and six-minute walk test compared with hypertensive older females.
however , the multivariate regression analysis indicated that performance in the six-minute walk test was the only factor associated with hypertension.
however , hypertension was not associated with poor physical and functional capacity.
skeletal muscle shows high plasticity in response to external demand.
this review focuses on redox regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration.
an overview of the basics of ros / rns and antioxidant chemistry and biology occurring in skeletal muscle is first provided.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 276-310.
the minor allele frequency ( maf ) of rs662 was significantly higher in the longevity group than in the two control groups.
the levels of hdl-c in the longevity group were different among the three genotypes ( p < 0.05 ) .
serum lipid parameters were correlated with several environmental factors , including age , gender , dbp , sbp , and bmi.
the association of pon1 rs662 polymorphism and serum lipid levels was different among the three groups.
conclusions pon1 polymorphism might be one of the genetic factors of longevity in the bama zhuang population.
the pon1 rs662 snp ( single nucleotide polymorphism ) was associated with serum hdl-c levels in the longevity group.
learning objectives : after studying this article , the participants should be able to : @number@
describe pertinent surgical anatomy relevant to safe and effective face-lifting techniques.
@number@
identify key aspects of facial aging.
@number@
incorporate risk-reduction strategies during preoperative assessment.
@number@
tailor their approach to face lifting based on patient anatomy.
@number@
identify and treat complications after face-lift surgery.
@number@
incorporate use of valid patient outcomes assessment tools in their practice to facilitate standardized outcomes reporting in the face-lift literature.
standard face-lifting techniques are described , along with the authors ' preferred approach , supplemented by video demonstration of the high-superficial musculoaponeurotic system technique.
complications , along with their prevention and treatment , are reviewed.
currently available comparative studies of face-lifting outcomes consider surgeon opinion and postoperative complications rates.
after excluding @number@ duplicate titles , @number@ abstracts and @number@ full papers were reviewed.
among these @number@ papers , @number@ were excluded and @number@ were added.
the platysma ascended upward and medially ( @percent@ ) or ascended from the clavicle to the face ( @percent@ ) .
the most common action of the platysma was drawing the lips inferiorly ( @percent@ ) or posteriorly ( @percent@ ) .
the health economic consequences associated with the choice of second-line treatment in older patients were assessed using the core diabetes model.
objective : the notion that artistic capability increases with dementia is both novel and largely unsupported by available literature.
fractal analysis has been used to determine the authenticity of major works of art.
can age-indexed variations in the fractal dimension of the works of artists anticipate specific cognitive deteriorations ?
conclusions : these findings are of importance for two reasons.
our work adds to studies that demonstrate that fractal analysis has the potential to determine the provenance of paintings.
the present study uses an ecological momentary assessment design to examine how timing of daily stressors relates to age differences in negative emotional responses.
participants ( n = @number@ aged 25-65 ) completed mobile surveys up to @number@ times daily for @number@ days.
they reported current mood and stressor exposure , as well as how long ago the stressor occurred.
as expected , no age differences were observed in current negative affect ( na ) for stressors which occurred in the previous 0-10 min.
the present findings are consistent with savi's predictions and advance understanding age differences in the time course relating everyday stressors to emotional responses.
( psycinfo database record families in taiwan are considered central in caring for frail older people.
however , rapid social changes are reshaping taiwanese family values and structures.
in this study , we explored the challenges of intergenerational families in caring for frail older people in taiwan.
using a multiple-case study , @number@ participants representing @number@ families comprising three or more generations participated in individual , semistructured interviews.
a grounded theory technique was used for the data analysis.
intergenerational caregiving for frail older people has become a challenge for policies aimed at keeping the aging population in the community.
the objective was to analyze primary and secondary interventions carried out in individuals diagnosed with femur fragility fracture at teruel in @number@
methods : descriptive retrospective study.
student's t-test and anova were used for quantitative variables by categories and regression for linear relationships.
results : @number@ patients were included.
there was a previous history of hip fracture in @percent@ , and one or more vertebral fractures in @percent@.
frax® tool was not used in any case.
@percent@ of patients had been treated with calcium prior to fracture , @percent@ with vitamin d , and @percent@ of them with antiosteoporotic drugs.
only @percent@ were treated for secondary prevention after discharge.
at the end of follow-up , @percent@ of hip fractured patients had died.
median survivorship of deceased patients was @number@ days.
@percent@ of exitus were caused by cardiovascular disease , @percent@ by infection and @percent@ by neoplasms.
conclusions : primary pharmacologic prevention and assessment of osteoporosis or risk of fracture are unfrequent in our health district..
data sources : eight electronic databases were searched from inception to @date@ , and extensive hand-searching was conducted.
studies had to report an underpinning theory and measure at least one adherence and one clinical / humanistic outcome.
the theory coding scheme ( tcs ) was used to assess the extent of theory use.
the extent of theory use and intervention effectiveness in terms of adherence and clinical / humanistic outcomes varied across studies.
no study made optimal use of theory as recommended in the tcs.
further primary research involving theory as a central component of intervention development is required.
the review findings will help inform the design of future theory-based adherence interventions.
purpose : adequate conservative management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures remains important in an aging population.
methods : we performed a research of multiple databases and present important studies in this narrative review.
results : the pertinent literature remains scarce and of mixed quality.
however , trends are shown to support early mobilization , less rigid bracing and pharmaceutical secondary prevention.
conclusion : there is insufficient data to recommend the optimal conservative management for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
however , the exact molecular function of p53 remains to be clearly defined.
we demonstrated a requirement of nuclear p53 s-nitrosylation in inducing a nitric oxide / pgc-1α-mediated antioxidant pathway in skeletal muscle.
this suggests that the internet is an important social and health activity that contributes to lowering suicidal ideation in older adults.
objective : pathomechanisms of sedentary behaviour ( sb ) are unclear.
we conducted a systematic review to investigate the associations between sb and various biomarkers in older adults.
methodological quality was appraised with the casp tool.
the protocol was pre-specified ( prospero crd42015023731 ) .
results : @number@ abstracts were retrieved , @number@ full text articles further explored , from which @number@ were excluded.
in the final sample ( @number@ articles ) a total of @number@ biomarkers were detected.
some inflammation markers were identified such as interleukin-6 , c-reactive protein or tumor necrosis factor alpha.
there was a lack of renal , muscle or bone biomarkers.
conclusion : most studied biomarkers associated with sb were of cardiovascular or metabolic origin.
there is a suggestion of a negative impact of sb on biomarkers but still a paucity of high quality investigations exist.
longitudinal studies with objectively measured sb are needed to further elucidate the pathophysiological pathways and possible associations of unexplored biomarkers.
demographic aging is a worldwide phenomenon , cognitive and behavioral impairment is becoming global burden of nerve damage.
however , the effect of pharmacological treatment is not satisfying.
a comprehensive literature search was performed on pubmed , embase and the cochrane library from inception to @date@ .
studies based on any type of dementia patient were combined and analyzed by subgroup.
no evidence of publication bias was found based on begg's and egger's test.
the meta-analysis confirmed that the baseline differences between the two groups were balanced.
the meta-regression may have identified the causes of heterogeneity as the intervention method , comparator and trial design.
music therapy was effective when patients received interactive therapy with a compared group.
this study is registered with prospero , number crd42016036153.
aging , both of individuals and populations , presents challenges and opportunities.
in contrast to current approaches , caring for elderly individuals in their homes based on a digital technology infrastructure could be effective and cost-saving.
background : more attention and understanding of the health and participation problems of adults with early and later onset disabilities in the netherlands is needed.
methods : participants were recruited in the netherlands through newsletters and social media to participate in a web-based questionnaire.
the questionnaire assessed background characteristics , ( change in ) health / participation problems , and unmet needs.
spearman's rho was used to examine the relationships with time of onset.
in @percent@ of the respondents with early-onset disability fatigue , pain and depressive feelings co-occurred.
early-onset disability correlated with joint deformities , pain and anxiety.
participation problems included loss of income and fewer social activities.
early-onset correlated with the need for more information about diagnosis and prognosis.
conclusions : people aged over @number@ years with long-term disability have significant and increasing health and participation problems.
adults with early-onset disability are more likely to have health or participation problems than adults with late-onset disability.
background : skill-related fitness ( srf ) is a component of physical fitness related to sports or occupational performance.
adolescents with intellectual disability ( id ) can take advantage of srf for enhancing work performance and enjoying participation with peers in leisure activities.
however , few studies have examined the benefits of exercise on srf in adolescents with id.
objective : this study synthesized the results from the reviewed studies and determined whether exercise training improves srf in adolescents with id.
methods : we searched ten electronic databases and used the physiotherapy evidence database ( pedro ) scale to assess the methodological quality of included studies.
eighteen studies met inclusion criteria for systematic review , of which @number@ for further meta-analyses.
results : nine meta-analyses were conducted in this study.
conclusions : we found only a limited number of studies exhibiting high quality evidence and were being included in the meta-analyses.
therefore , the results of our systematic review and meta-analyses should be interpreted with caution.
introduction : recent literature proposes that amyloid β ( aβ ) and phosphorylated tau ( p-tau ) synergism accelerates biomarker abnormalities in controls.
yet , it remains to be answered whether this synergism is the driving force behind alzheimer disease ( ad ) dementia.
methods : we performed a population-based cohort study to compare mortality in os and ss twins.
we included @number@ live-born danish twins from @number@ to @number@ identified through the danish twin registry and performed piecewise stratified cox regression and log-binomial regression.
results : among @number@ deaths , we found significantly higher mortality for twin boys than for twin girls.
the body of evidence on older adults ' sexual health is beginning to grow.
however , it remains an under-researched area particularly within the social sciences.
hiv testing and screening programmes and safer sex initiatives often exclude older sexually active wlhiv.
in uganda , wlhiv reported lower rates of sexual activity and rated sex as less important than men.
the reluctance to acknowledge sexual bereavement may create \ "disenfranchised grief \ " leaving the bereaved unsupported in coping with this aspect of mourning.
an even higher percentage would want friends to initiate the topic.
yet , @percent@ of participants report it would not occur to them to initiate a discussion with a widowed friend about the friend's loss.
disenfranchised grief can have negative emotional and physical consequences.
this paper suggests a role for friends and professionals in addressing this neglected issue.
background : a number of studies have associated depression with a high mortality risk.
we examined how different survey- and register-based measures of depression were associated with 7-year mortality in a cohort of middle-aged danish men.
methods : the study was based on @number@ men born in @number@
information on mortality and cause of death was retrieved from registers for the period between @number@ and @number@
setting : baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) with @number@ to @number@ years of follow-up.
analyses were performed using classification and regression tree analysis , cohen's kappa , and cox models.
results : cutpoints derived from weak conclusion : the alm objectives : to investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty.
design : longitudinal , observational cohort study.
setting : saarland , germany.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling adults aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
measurements : frailty was assessed according to the frailty phenotype , described by fried et al.
polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy were defined as the concomitant use of five or more and @number@ or more drugs , respectively.
additionally , cubic splines were used to assess dose-response associations.
results : polypharmacy was reported in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) , and hyperpolypharmacy in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of participants.
furthermore , there was a moderate exposure-response relationship between the number of medicines and prevalent as well as incident frailty.
conclusion : our study showed that polypharmacy is associated with frailty.
further research should address the potential benefit of reducing of inappropriate polypharmacy and better pharmacotherapeutic management for preventing medication-associated frailty.
positron emission tomography ( pet ) is a powerful analytical tool for in vivo molecular imaging of the human brain.
ann neurol @number@ ; 81 : 171-180.
data were thematically coded and synthesised to identify underlying rationales and challenges encountered when involving professionals with ethnic minority backgrounds in interventions for ethnic minorities.
however , implementation created challenges , because the professional identity of the pharmacists reduced their options for serving as peers with the same ethnic background.
furthermore , issues related to organisational difficulties and overcoming language barriers in the intervention impacted on the potential of involving professionals with ethnic minority backgrounds.
according to terror management theory , awareness of death affects diverse aspects of human thought and behavior.
studies have shown that older and younger adults differ in how they respond to reminders of their mortality.
the present study investigated one hypothesized explanation for these findings : age-related differences in the tendency to make correspondent inferences.
the correspondence bias was assessed in younger and older samples after death-related , negative , or neutral primes.
younger adults displayed increased correspondent inferences following mortality primes , whereas older adults ' inferences were not affected by the reminder of death.
as in prior research , age differences were evident in control conditions ; however , age differences were eliminated in the death condition.
older adults are prescribed sedative-hypnotic medications at higher rates than younger adults.
these are not recommended for older adults due to risk of sedation , cognitive impairment , and falls.
this study examined the frequency and predictors of sedative-hypnotic medication use among older adults screening positive for anxiety.
depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with sedative-hypnotic use than insomnia or worry.
major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder , but not gad , predicted sedative-hypnotic use.
other medications and treatments are more appropriate and efficacious for depression , anxiety , and insomnia in this population.
in this study , we examined personality traits of older adults and their emotional experiences associated with engaging in specific leisure activities.
neuroticism was related to lower swb and fewer positively experienced activities.
among multiple hypotheses which have been proposed in the pathogenesis of vitiligo , autoimmunity and oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in melanocytes remain most widely accepted.
macroautophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway which widely exists in eukaryotic cells.
autophagy participates in the oxidative stress response in many cells , which plays a protective role in preventing damage caused by oxidative stress.
impairment of autophagy might disrupt the antioxidant defense system which renders melanocytes to oxidative insults.
these findings provide supportive evidence to explore new ideas of the pathogenesis of vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
many thousands of circular rnas ( circrnas ) have recently been identified in metazoan genomes by transcriptome-wide sequencing.
most circrnas are generated by back-splicing events from exons of protein-coding genes.
a great deal of progress has recently been made in understanding the genome-wide expression patterns , biogenesis , and regulation of circrnas.
to date , however , few functions of circrnas have been identified.
circrnas are preferentially expressed in neural tissues and some are found at synapses , suggesting possible functions in the nervous system.
several circrnas have been shown to function as microrna \ "sponges \ " to counteract microrna mediated repression of mrna.
new functions for circrnas are arising , including protein sequestration , transcriptional regulation , and potential functions in cancer.
physical activity may play an important role in maximizing bone mass during adolescence to young adulthood and may have long-lasting benefits on bone health.
high-impact weight-bearing exercise during youth may provide lifelong benefits in terms of bone mineral content , structure and strength , and consequently reduce fracture risk.
weight-bearing exercise in youth affects bone , and these effects may be preserved as bmc , geometric and structural advantages even after @number@ years.
weight-bearing exercise has several benefit , including improved blood and synovial fluid circulation in a given joint.
consistent moderate activities facilitate cycles of anabolism and catabolism.
mechanical stresses are crucial for the maintenance of the morphologic and functional integrity of articular cartilage.
healthy cartilage is exposed by hydrostatic pressure and tensile strain , when cartilage degeneration develops , abnormal cartilage is exposed by shear stress.
moderate ( physiological ) exercise is characterized by a range of equilibrium between matrix anabolic and catabolic processes , or anabolism beyond catabolism.
joints are susceptible to insufficient or excessive activities , leading to joint degeneration.
joint diseases resulting from insufficient or excessive activities are new and major challenging issues with our aging population.
resistance training has been known to be effective to maintain and improve bone mineral density ( bmd ) and bone strength.
resistance training in combination with other types of exercise might be effective for maintaining bmd in patients with osteoporosis.
resistance training improves a decrease in bmd through an enhancement of bone formation and a suppression of bone resorption.
many factors or phenomena are known to contribute to proceed sarcopenia.
in the aged skeletal muscle tissue , the number of satellite cells or motor neurons decrease and the function of the neuro-muscular junction declines.
oxidative stress and chronic inflammation increase as aging which relate with sarcopenia.
inflammatory cytokines , such il-6 , tnf-α , il-5 play the roles muscle protein breakdown is up regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
oxidative stress influences mitochondrial dysfunction or induces apoptosis.
exercise and sports activities can afford mechanical stimuli to the bone and joint tissues which are required to maintain the tissue properties.
on the other hand , excessive mechanical load involved in exercise and sports activities can be harmful potentially causing overuse injuries of the musculoskeletal tissues.
especially , safety margin for the amount of acceptable mechanical stress is narrow in the elderly due to preexisting musculoskeletal problems.
in addition , several trials with the exercise intervention indicated improvement in motor function , suggesting exercises could prevent the locomotive syndrome.
in future , prevalence of exercise habits may lead to decrease the prevalence of locomotive syndrome , resulting in elongation of the healthy life span.
due to the advent of antiretroviral therapy hiv is no longer a terminal disease and the hiv infected patients are becoming increasingly older.
while this is a major success , with increasing age comes an increased risk for disease.
the age-related comorbidities that hiv infected patients experience suggest that they suffer from accelerated aging.
this review summarizes the current knowledge of senescence induction in response to these stressors and their relation to the comorbidities in hiv patients.
cellular senescence may be a possible therapeutic target for these comorbidities.
circadian rhythms optimize physiology and health by temporally coordinating cellular function , tissue function , and behavior.
these endogenous rhythms dampen with age and thus compromise temporal coordination.
feeding-fasting patterns are an external cue that profoundly influence the robustness of daily biological rhythms.
erratic eating patterns can disrupt the temporal coordination of metabolism and physiology leading to chronic diseases that are also characteristic of aging.
introduction : the presence of cerebrovascular pathology may increase the risk of clinical diagnosis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
results : the coexistence of lacunes and large infarcts results in higher likelihood of clinical diagnosis of ad only when ad pathology burden is low.
discussion : our results reinforce the diagnostic importance of ad pathology in clinical ad.
further harmonization of assessment approaches for vascular pathologies is required.
we therefore examined the association between vancomycin mic and outcome considering various potential confounders.
antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by etest , broth microdilution ( bmd ) and vitek @number@
bacterial genotypes were determined by spa typing.
results : ninety-one mrsa bsi episodes were included , of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) were caused by spa types t003 , t032 and t045.
high vancomycin mics were seen only if using etest but not confirmed using standard reference bmd.
conclusions : vancomycin mics may vary dependent on testing methodologies and local mrsa epidemiology.
the patients ' underlying disease and individual comorbidities rather than elevated vancomycin mics determine adverse clinical outcomes in mrsa bsi.
routine etest mic testing of mrsa isolates is of limited value for treatment decisions.
background : the pathogenesis of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans ( aca ) is not well understood.
methods : the age of @number@ aca patients was compared with that of patients with other manifestations of lyme borreliosis.
the location of the aca lesion on the body was compared with that of erythema migrans ( em ) .
results : patients diagnosed with aca were on average @number@ years older than patients with em ( p < 0.001 ) .
aca patients were also significantly older than patients with lyme neuroborreliosis or lyme arthritis ( p < 0.001 ) .
the average delay in diagnosis of aca was @number@ years ( range @date@ years ) .
conclusions : aca is more likely to be diagnosed in older individuals than any other manifestation of lyme borreliosis.
aca is more likely than em to be localized anatomically to the extremities.
we investigated a cag trinucleotide repeat expansion in the atxn2 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
here , we focused on the effects of cr at the functional network level.
we assessed in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) whether higher cr moderates the association between low internetwork cross-talk on memory performance.
the dmn-dan anti-correlation was numerically but not significantly lower in amci compared to hc.
however , in amci , lower anterior dmn-dan anti-correlation was associated with lower memory performance.
in conclusion , lower dan-dmn cross-talk is associated with lower memory in amci , where such effects are buffered by higher cr.
design : cross-sectional study using baseline ( 2013-2015 ) data from the ongoing falls in glaucoma study ( figs ) .
participants : one-hundred seventy-four of @number@ ( @percent@ ) figs participants agreeing to the home assessment.
methods : participants ' homes were assessed using the home environment assessment for the visually impaired ( heavi ) .
a single evaluator assessed up to @number@ potential hazards in @number@ home regions.
main outcome measures : total number of home hazards.
only @percent@ of graded rooms had adequate lighting.
further work should investigate whether addressing home hazards is an effective intervention for preventing falls in this high-risk group.
genome-wide association studies ( gwass ) have identified loci for erythrocyte traits in primarily european ancestry populations.
we identified seven loci for erythrocyte traits including a locus ( rbpms / gtf2e2 ) associated with mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume.
statistical fine-mapping at this locus pointed to rbpms at this locus and excluded nearby gtf2e2.
our findings show the utility of trans-ethnic gwass for discovery and characterization of genetic loci influencing hematologic traits.
background : at present , the influence of age on hemodynamic function is largely unknown.
participants were all deemed healthy by medical history , echocardiography , exercise test , spirometry , blood tests , and electrocardiogram.
participants had hemodynamic parameters measured using right heart catheterization during rest , passive leg raise , and incremental exercise.
results : during rest , all hemodynamic parameters were similar between age groups , apart from blood pressure.
all indexed hemodynamic measures were similar between sexes.
conclusions : cardiac aging was progressive without sex differences in healthy participants.
the hemodynamic reference values obtained suggest that the diagnostic threshold for abnormal filling pressure should be individually determined according to age of the patient.
the vertical platform acceleration ( peak values of maximal displacement from equilibrium ) was quantified during each vibration exercise using an accelerometer.
additionally , training intensity can be increased by increasing the vertical acceleration load.
background : clinicians frequently experience difficulty in eliciting the reflexes of elderly patients using standard methods due to paratonia / frontal rigidity.
if reflexes are incorrectly thought to be absent , important diagnostic errors may be made.
neurologists use alternative methods when technical difficulties require them , but these are not widely used by non-neurologists.
results : @number@ patients were assessed.
the consultant found that in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) all three knee reflex methods examined produced similar results.
for the ankle reflex all four reflex methods examined produced similar results in only @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
supplementing standard methods with alternative methods reduced these error rates to @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
cubans are living longer and the country has a very low birthrate.
these two factors combined have reduced the proportion of the population in the work force.
this adversely affects the economy.
many older persons have become critical of the reforms over time.
policy makers need to address the impact the reforms are having on older cubans and consider them as active participants in economic reform.
two case studies illustrate the impact of the economic reforms on older persons.
methods : the present study included @number@ patients who underwent either surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 1-year postoperative echocardiography.
a complex interplay of genetic , environmental , hormonal , and behavioral factors affect skeletal development , several of which are associated with childhood fractures.
limitations of imaging modalities , short duration of follow-up in longitudinal studies , and differences among cohorts examined may all contribute to conflicting results.
nonetheless , a linear relationship between increasing adiposity and skeletal development seems unlikely.
fat mass may confer advantages to the developing cortical and trabecular bone compartments , provided that gains in fat mass are not excessive.
however , when fat mass accumulation reaches excessive levels , unfavorable metabolic changes may impede skeletal development.
changes in the relationship between fat and bone also appear to be age and sex dependent.
clearly , more work is needed to better understand the controversial impact of fat and obesity on skeletal development and fracture risk during childhood.
neurexins ( nrxns ) are presynaptic terminal proteins and candidate neurodevelopmental disorder susceptibility genes ; mutations presumably upset synaptic stabilization and function.
however , the levels of expression were not identical ; nrxn1 increased with age and nrxn2 levels were consistently higher than for nrxn3.
immunohistochemistry for each nrxn also revealed different expression patterns at this stage of development.
with the expanding use of engineered nanoparticles ( nps ) , development of a high-throughput , sensitive method for evaluating np safety is important.
in this study , we developed cell-based biosensors to efficiently and conveniently monitor np toxicity.
after optimizing flow cytometric analysis , these dual-fluorescence cell-based biosensors were capable of accurately and rapidly detecting np toxicity.
these results indicated that these novel dual-fluorescence biosensors can be applied to accurately and sensitively monitor np toxicity.
these parp-mediated processes impact on higher order metabolic regulation that modulates lipid metabolism , circadian oscillations and insulin secretion and signaling.
older people are particularly exposed to stressful events , known to activate the axis resulting in increased cortisol levels.
high cortisol has been associated with deleterious effects on cognition.
we hypothesized that stressful life events could increase cortisol secretion leading to cognitive impairment.
a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from colaus / psycolaus , a longitudinal population-based study among lausanne residents.
salivary cortisol samples were obtained from @number@ nondemented subjects aged at least @number@
a neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive performance and determine the clinical dementia rating sum of boxes ( cdrsob ) .
lifetime life events and their subjective impact were assessed using a validated questionnaire.
these findings do not support the hypothesis that stressful life events increase cortisol secretion leading to cognitive impairment.
to explain the pleiotropic effects of resveratrol , the molecular targets of this compound have to be identified on the cellular level.
resveratrol induces intracellular signal transduction pathways which ultimately lead to changes in the gene expression pattern of the cells.
following activation , these transcription factors induce transcription of delayed response genes.
the gene products of these delayed response genes are ultimately responsible for the changes in the biochemistry and physiology of resveratrol-treated cells.
the activation of stimulus-responsive transcription factors may explain many of the intracellular activities of resveratrol.
however , results obtained in vitro may not easily be transferred to in vivo systems.
methods : we prospectively collected @number@ consecutive patients subjected to mechanical thrombectomy for proximal occlusion of the anterior circulation during a period of @number@ months.
we analyzed favorable outcome , successful and futile recanalization , neurological improvement , in-hospital complications , and mortality in both groups.
overall , successful recanalization rates were @percent@ and futile recanalization reached @percent@ without statistically significant differences between both groups.
elderly patients presented more in-hospital complications ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) and higher mortality rates ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
multiple studies have found neurofunctional changes in normal aging in a context of selective attention.
furthermore , many articles report intrahemispheric alteration in functional networks.
however , little is known about age-related changes within the ventral attention network ( van ) , which underlies selective attention.
the aim of this study is to examine age-related changes within the van , focusing on connectivity between its regions.
we identified the van independently for both groups using spatial independent component analysis.
three main findings emerged : first , younger adults were faster and more accurate on the task.
older adults also had more connectivity between anterior and posterior regions than younger adults.
thus , this study shows that intrahemispheric neurofunctional changes in aging also affect the van.
reconfiguring existing research paradigms , we review the concept of ' degeneracy' , which has divergent popular and technical definitions.
the technical meaning of degeneracy refers to the structural diversity underlying functional plasticity.
degeneracy is a distributed system property that can be observed within individual brains or across different brains.
degeneracy is a valuable epistemological tool that can transformatively enhance scientific models of bodily ageing.
we propose that movement science is one of the first areas that can productively integrate degeneracy into models of bodily ageing.
we also propose model organisms such as eusocial honey bees in which degeneracy can be studied at the molecular and cellular level.
results : there were @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) with low abi ≤0.90 and @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants with borderline low abi @number@.91-1.00.
clinical attention to pad as a potential contributor to poor physical function is warranted in community-dwelling older adults.
women continue to be more likely to practice in academic centers , be pediatric cardiologists , and have a noninvasive subspecialty.
men and women reported similar , high levels of career satisfaction , with women reporting higher satisfaction currently.
however , two-thirds of women continue to experience discrimination , nearly @number@ times the rate in men.
personal life choices continue to differ substantially for men and women in cardiology , although differences have diminished.
use of verbal mediators was more likely for the more concrete person sources for which source memory was generally better.
implications of these findings , especially for neuropsychological studies on source monitoring , are discussed.
we verified if vascular risk factors or depressive symptoms could modify this predictive role.
design : longitudinal population-based study with @number@.5- and 7-year of median follow-up.
setting : eight italian municipalities included in the italian longitudinal study on aging.
measurements : incidence of dementia , its subtypes , and all-cause mortality.
vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms did not have any effect modifier on the relationship between reversible cognitive frailty and incident dementia and all-cause mortality.
conclusions : a model of reversible cognitive frailty was a short- and long-term predictor of all-cause mortality and overall dementia , particularly vad.
the absence of vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms did not modify the predictive role of reversible cognitive frailty on these outcomes.
various structurally diverse stimulators activate the nlrp3 inflammasome through different signaling pathways.
ugu induced ca autophagy allows cells fundamental adaptations to metabolic needs and to stress.
using autophagic bulk degradation cells can clear crosslinked macromolecules and damaged organelles that arise under redox stress.
accumulation of such debris results in cellular dysfunction and is observed in aged tissue and senescent cells.
conversely , promising anti-aging strategies aim at inhibiting the mtor pathway and thereby activating autophagy , to counteract aging associated damage.
atg7 deficient kc displayed increased prostanoid signaling and a pro- mitotic gene expression signature as compared to the wt.
after exposure to pq , both wt and ko cells showed an inflammatory and stress-related transcriptomic response.
however , the atg7 deficient cells additionally showed drastic dna damage- and cell cycle arrest signaling.
indeed , dna fragmentation and -oxidation were strongly increased in the stressed atg7 deficient cells upon pq stress but also after oxidizing ultraviolet a irradiation.
atg7 deficiency significantly affected expression of lipid metabolic genes.
therefore we performed lipid profiling of keratinocytes which demonstrated a major dysregulation of cellular lipid metabolism.
we found accumulation of autophagy agonisitic free fatty acids , whereas triglyceride levels were strongly decreased.
materials and methods : the study included @number@ older ( mean age 67±5.9years ) and @number@ younger ( @number@.1±1.8years ) women.
the results were compared using two-way analysis of variance.
in contrast , age exerts only a slight effect on the mechanical properties of both muscles during transition from lying to sitting position.
ages are therefore accepted biomarkers for aging , diabetes , and several degenerative diseases.
due to the warburg effect and increased oxidative stress , cancer cells frequently accumulate significant amounts of ages.
as the accumulation of ages may reflect the metabolic state and receptor signaling , we evaluated the potential prognostic and predictive value of this biomarker.
a negative correlation was found for grade iii carcinomas and triple-negative cases.
cml is a therefore a potentially predictive marker for the treatment of breast cancer patients with tamoxifen or chemotherapy.
sarcopenia is a major public health issue.
age- and gender-specific population projections were retrieved until @number@ from the eurostat online database ( @number@ european countries ) .
the reported prevalence estimates were interpolated between @number@ and @number@ years.
interpolated age- and gender-specific estimates of sarcopenia prevalence were then applied to population projections until @number@
this corresponds to an overall prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly rising from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
as medical technology continues to improve , more people will live longer lives with multiple chronic illnesses with increasing cumulative debilitation , including cognitive dysfunction.
combined with the aging of society in most developed countries , an ever-growing number of patients will require surrogate decision-makers.
i employ this theoretical approach to argue that the loose criteria by which we authorize surrogates ' generally unchallenged power should be reconsidered.
methods : sixty-two paediatric patients with a history of hus were included in this study.
medical data of the acute hus episode were retrieved retrospectively from hospital records.
data on the clinical course at study investigation were assessed by clinical examination and laboratory evaluation.
hrqol and psychological adjustment data were measured by standardised , parent- and self-reported questionnaires.
in the school-age children , self- and proxy-reported hrqol was well within or even above the norms , while increased total behavioural problems were found.
the school-age children reported no increased depression scores.
also none of the children met the criteria for full or partial hus-associated posttraumatic stress disorder.
chronic hepatitis b ( chb ) treatment aims at long-term suppression of hbv replication and improvement in clinical outcomes.
fifty-one hbeag negative patients were enrolled.
histology was available for @number@ patients and data of liver stiffness ( ls ) for @number@ patients at baseline.
serum quantification of hbsag and hbvdna was obtained regularly during the follow-up.
in @number@ and @number@ patients , a paired histology and ls were available at the end of lam-adv treatment , respectively.
histology improved in patients with paired biopsy , but tissue hbsag was present in all but one patient after @number@ months of therapy.
tdf maintained biochemical and virological response throughout the follow-up.
renal impairment during lam-adv therapy improved on shifting to tdf ; only in @number@ cases was a second shift to entecavir needed.
in several species caloric restriction ( cr ) extends life span.
this review paper seeks to characterize the downstream effects of er-α in the hypothalamus and limbic system that affect normal endocrine functioning.
our findings suggested that depletion of nrf2 promoted both mrna expression and activity of mmp-1 in the uva-irradiated hacat cells.
treatment of nrf2 knocked-down hacat cells with mapk inhibitors significantly suppressed uva-induced mmp-1 and ap-1 activities.
in conclusion , nrf2 could influence uva-mediated mmp-1 upregulation through the mapk / ap-1 signaling cascades.
hpd and sfn may therefore represent promising antiphotoaging candidates.
objectives : prior work has examined the shape of the income-mortality association , but work has not compared gradients between countries.
context and time differentials in shape imply that the relationship between income and mortality is not fixed.
setting : population-based cohort study of denmark , finland , norway and sweden.
we then examined the household size equivalised disposable income at the baseline year in relation to the rate of mortality in the following @number@ years.
from the 1990s to 2000s mortality dropped , but generally more so in the upper part of the income distribution than in the lower part.
as a consequence , the shape of the income gradient in mortality changed.
the shift in the shape of the association was similar in all @number@ countries.
neuroinflammation is a major hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , which is currently untreatable.
we found that extracellular ppia is a mediator of neuroinflammation in als.
it is a major inducer of matrix metalloproteinase @number@ and is selectively toxic for motor neurons.
high levels of ppia were found in the csf of sod1 advancing age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( mmp-9 ) is secreted by macrophages and robustly increases in the left ventricle ( lv ) with age.
the present study investigated the effect of mmp-9 overexpression in macrophages on cardiac aging.
age group was the predictor variable in this study.
results : patients in group a showed substantially more comorbidities as reflected in significantly higher mcs and asa scores ( p < @number@ ) .
study criteria yielded a final sample of @number@ women with @number@ observations.
main outcome measures : bmi.
results : age at first birth exhibited a significant association with bmi.
the association of age at first birth with bmi was greatest for women age @number@ and younger.
conclusion : young maternal age at first birth might be associated with increased bmi.
therefore , klotho protein could be considered as a protective factor against changes caused by altered monocytes in epithelial cells.
the brain and eye share a common embryological origin and numerous similarities exist between the small vessels of the retina and brain.
modern imaging equipment can facilitate precise measurement and monitoring of vascular features.
this camera circumvented the practical limitations of conducting retinal photography in the stroke ward setting.
summary background data : large volume prbc transfusions are associated with multiple adverse clinical sequelae , including lung inflammation.
microparticles are formed in stored prbcs over time and have been shown to contribute to lung inflammation after transfusion.
results : acid sphingomyelinase activity in prbcs was associated with the formation of ceramide and the release of microparticles.
treatment of prbcs with amitriptyline inhibited acid sphingomyelinase activity , ceramide accumulation , and microparticle production during prbc storage.
transfusion of aged prbcs or microparticles isolated from aged blood into mice caused lung inflammation.
this was attenuated after transfusion of prbcs treated with amitriptyline or from acid mice.
conclusions : acid sphingomyelinase inhibition in stored prbcs offers a novel mechanism for improving the quality of stored blood.
deregulated proliferation is key to tumor progression.
we also discuss specific strategies for involving caregivers.
ageing and physiological functions of the human body are inversely proportional to each other.
the gut microbiota and host immune system co-evolve from infants to the elderly.
ageing is accompanied by a decline in gut microbial diversity , immunity and metabolism , which increases susceptibility to infections.
any compositional change in the gut is directly linked to gastrointestinal disorders , obesity and metabolic diseases.
increase in opportunistic pathogen invasion in the gut like clostridium difficile leading to c. difficile infection is more common in the elderly population.
frequent hospitalisation and high prevalence of nosocomial infections with the ageing is also well documented.
long-term utilisation of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is being followed in order to control these infections.
nosocomial infections and antibiotic therapy in combination or alone is leading to gastroenteritis followed by clostridium associated diarrhoea or antibiotic associated diarrhoea.
above all , use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is highly debated all over the world due to growing antimicrobial resistance.
the use of narrow spectrum antibiotics could be helpful to some extent.
dietary supplementation of probiotics with prebiotics ( synbiotics ) or without prebiotics has improved gut commensal diversity and regulated the immune system.
the recent emergence of faecal microbiota transplantation has played an important role in treating recurrent clostridium associated diarrhoea.
this review focuses on various therapeutic interventions for gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal diseases in the elderly.
the possible mechanism for antimicrobial resistance and mechanism of action of probiotics are also discussed in detail.
investigating the interactions of rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) with rnas is a complex task for molecular and computational biologists.
we review the different software tools and databases available to analyze the most widely used clip methods , hits-clip , par-clip , and iclip.
wires rna @number@ 8 : e1404. doi : @number@.1002 / wrna.1404 for further resources related to this article , please visit the wires website.
design : randomized , controlled trial.
setting : academic medical center.
participants : dyads ( n = @number@ ) of distressed informal dementia caregivers and care recipients.
both groups received @number@ telephone contacts from a master's-level therapist over @number@ months.
ts provided supportive therapeutic strategies.
results : intervention groups did not differ in demographic characteristics , use of support services , or use of healthcare resources at baseline.
caregivers who received the fitt-c used community support services at end of treatment significantly more than those receiving ts ( p = @number@ ) .
care recipient use of community or medical resources did not differ according to group.
conclusion : an entirely telephone-delivered intervention was effective in increasing caregiver engagement in community resources and reducing caregiver use of hospital-based healthcare resources.
results highlight the potential effect of fitt-c on healthcare use.
objectives : evidence suggests vitamin d deficiency is associated with developing frailty.
however , cardiometabolic factors are related to both conditions and may confound and / or mediate the vitamin d-frailty association.
design : prospective longitudinal cohort study ( @number@ visits from 1994-2008 ) .
setting : baltimore , maryland.
participants : three hundred sixty-nine women from the women's health and aging study ii aged 70-79 years , free of frailty at baseline.
cardiometabolic diseases were ascertained at baseline.
analyses included cox regression models adjusted for key covariates.
future studies should explore mechanisms to explain this relationship.
the epidemiology of valvular heart disease has significantly changed in the past few decades with aging as one of the main contributing factors.
the use of bioresorbable scaffolds is speculated to be one factor affecting these valves ' failure.
we have previously developed a non-degradable superelastic nitinol mesh scaffold concept that can be used for heart valve tissue engineering applications.
the biologic response of hydroxyapatite needs to be fully understood for its use to be confidently recommended.
materials and methods : samples of ' living ' hydroxyapatite from the anterior maxilla , zygoma , and mandible of @number@ patients were analyzed.
these were obtained during revision procedures performed between @number@ months and @number@ years following original placement on the facial skeleton.
the collagen mass also contained fine elastin , fibroblasts , lymphocytes , occasional granulomas , and vessels.
by @number@ years , a new compact bone containing osteoblasts and osteocytes was present in all specimens in the deep ( osseous ) aspect.
bone progressively replaced the original collagen between the granules with a sharply defined transition at the interface.
this integrates the implant with the host bone which stabilizes the implant position and shape initially and in long term.
no level assigned : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
early-onset alzheimer's disease ( eoad ) has distinct clinical characteristics in comparison to late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
the genetic contribution is suggested to be more potent in eoad.
however , the frequency of causative mutations in eoad could be variable depending on studies.
moreover , no mutation screening study has been performed yet employing large population in korea.
this rate is much lower than in other countries and is even comparable to the frequency of load patients in our country.
of these patients , @number@ underwent metatarsal head-resurfacing hemiarthroplasty ( group i ) and @number@ underwent tjr ( group ii ) .
results : metatarsal head resurfacing was performed on @number@ patients.
two patients underwent bilateral procedures , yielding a total of @number@ cases in group i. tjr was performed on @number@ patients in group ii.
significant improvements were evident in the aofas scores , and the vas scores decreased , in both groups.
no significant difference was evident between groups i and ii.
the training program for both experimental groups included exercises that required high-speed concentric muscle actions.
results : no baseline differences were observed among groups.
practical methods to define genotypes will be increasingly important and non-invasive nanotechnologies are needed to detect molecular changes that predate histopathology.
methods : this is not a review nor meant to be comprehensive.
specific topics have been selected to illustrate the principles of important paradigm shifts that will influence the future of ophthalmic diagnostics.
it is our impression that future evaluation of vision will go beyond visual acuity to assess ocular health in terms of psychophysical function.
the definition of disease will incorporate genotype into what has historically been a phenotype-centric discipline.
non-invasive nanotechnologies will enable a paradigm shift from disease detection on a cellular level to a sub-cellular molecular level.
advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of eye diseases will enable better characterization of ocular health and disease.
non-invasive nanotechnologies can assess molecular changes in the lens , vitreous , and macula that predate visible pathology.
oxygen metabolism and circulatory physiology are measurable indices of ocular health that can detect variations of physiology and early disease.
conclusions : this overview of paradigm shifts in ophthalmology suggests that the future will see significant improvements in ophthalmic diagnostics.
the selected topics illustrate the principles of these paradigm shifts and should serve as a guide to further research and development.
indeed , successful implementation of these paradigm shifts in ophthalmology may provide useful guidance for similar developments in all of healthcare.
objectives : microvascular changes may represent an underlying mechanism through which overweight contributes to cardiovascular disease development.
in addition , boys with high zfmi had also a lower crae to crve ratio ( β = -0.26 , p = 0.03 ) .
no associations were seen with the crae , or between zbmi or zwc and the retinal microvasculature.
additionally , garlic can be used to retrieve potential disease-causative genetic variants overlapping regulatory sequences of interest.
self-reported olfactory function has poor sensitivity ( i.e. , people with measured olfactory dysfunction are unlikely to accurately report it ) .
we aimed to identify factors associated with lack of awareness of smell dysfunction.
self-reported olfaction was assessed with a 5-point likert scale.
therefore , clinicians should objectively test patients.
individuals who lack awareness of their olfactory dysfunction have poor cognitive outcomes and should receive additional clinical scrutiny.
expansion of neoplastic lesions generates the initial signal that instigates the creation of a tumor niche.
nontransformed cell types within the microenvironment continuously coevolve with tumor cells to promote tumorigenesis.
we found that lung cancer growth depends on short-distance cues produced by the cancer niche in a p38-dependent manner.
therefore , the aim was to establish for the first time collaborative recommendations for these patients.
@number@ recommendations were formulated based on evidence from the literature and after discussion and consensus building in the group.
the recommendations included appropriate medical and surgical perioperative care , which requires , especially in the elderly , a multidisciplinary approach including orthogeriatric care.
a coordinator should setup a process for the systematic investigations for future fracture risk in all elderly patients with a recent fracture.
high-risk patients should have appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment to decrease the risk of subsequent fracture.
the appropriate expression of complex sets of genes is needed for oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
in spite of the basic role of noncoding rnas in the regulation of gene expression , few studies have analyzed their role in human oocytes.
introduction : alzheimer's disease and related diseases ( adrd ) are associated with a caregiver burden that increases with the progression of the disease.
psychosocial interventions reported a moderate improvement on caregivers ' burden.
patients with adrd and their older caregivers are also exposed to a higher risk of developing drug-related problems.
methods : the pharmaid study is a 18-month randomized controlled trial that started in @date@ .
this paper describes the study protocol.
three parallel groups will compare a control group with two experimental groups : psychosocial intervention and integrated pharmaceutical care at a psychosocial intervention.
the main outcome is the caregiver's burden assessed by the zarit burden index at @number@ @number@ and 18months.
the results will inform policymakers on strategies to implement in the near future.
trial registration number : [ clinicaltrials.gov : nct02802371 ] registered in @date@ .
this cochlear synaptopathy can be \ "hidden \ " because this synaptic loss can occur without permanent hearing threshold shifts.
this new discovery of synaptic loss opens doors to new research directions.
here , we review a number of recent studies and make suggestions in two critical future research directions.
second , in human studies , the data supporting cochlear synaptopathy are indirect although rapid progress has been made.
this new approach may provide a direct link between cochlear synaptopathy and perceptual difficulties.
objective : to describe functional goals and factors associated with goal attainment among low-income older adults with disabilities living in the community.
design : secondary analysis.
setting : participants ' homes.
interventions : a 5-month , home-based , person-directed , structured program delivered by an interprofessional team : occupational therapist , registered nurse , and handyman.
main outcome measures : process of occupational therapist goal setting and attainment at the final occupational therapist visit.
participants attained @percent@ ( n = 535 ) of goals.
functional impairment due to als was evaluated using the als-functional rating scale-revised ( als-frs ) and the als severity scale ( alsss ) .
of the leg plms parameters were different between the als patients and controls.
the rem atonia index was significantly decreased in the als patients , and the number of chin movements / hour tended to increase.
aging is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic factors , nutrition , and lifestyle.
according to mitochondrial theory of aging , mitochondrial dysfunction is widely considered a major contributor to age-related processes.
mitochondria are both the main source and targets of detrimental reactions initiated in association with age-dependent deterioration of the cellular functions.
we used data from @number@ european cohorts from the escape study.
baseline neural factors , such as properties of brain networks , may predict training outcomes and can be used to improve the effectiveness of interventions.
more broadly , these findings also suggest that properties of brain networks may capture individual differences in learning and neuroplasticity.
trail registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct # 00977418.
we validated our approach using model fit indices and comparing baseline mobility-related factors between trajectories.
results : model fit indices confirmed that the optimal number of trajectories were between @number@ and @number@
mobility-related factors varied across trajectories with the most unfavorable values in poor mobility trajectories and the most favorable in high mobility trajectories.
this mechanism results in an aging process in the chess game-line choice as the database grows.
objectives : to examine the relationship between key functional impairments , co-morbid conditions and driving performance in a sample of cognitively normal older adults.
design : prospective observational study.
setting : the knight alzheimer's disease research center , washington university at st. louis.
methods : a cross-sectional study was performed in @number@ vertically hiv-infected patients.
bmd was measured by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry at lumbar spine.
height adjustment of bmd z score was performed using height-for-age z score.
t-cell immune activation and senescence were analyzed in a subgroup of @number@ patients by flow cytometry.
results : median age was @number@ years , @percent@ were caucasian , @percent@ received antiretroviral therapy and @percent@ had undetectable viral load.
low bmd ( bmd z score ≤ @number@ ) was present in @percent@ of cases , but after height adjustment in @percent@ of cases.
no association was found between height-adjusted bmd z score and t-cell activation or senescence.
conclusions : the prevalence of low bmd in vertically hiv-infected patients was low after height adjustment.
nadir cd4 , but not t-cell activation or senescence , was an independent predictor for low bmd.
the pharmacological properties of glucocorticoids are useful to counteract some pathogenetic mechanisms of tendinopathies.
however , several experimental studies suggest that the direct action of glucocorticoids on tendons is detrimental.
loss of collagen organization , impaired viability of fibroblasts , depletion of stem cells pool , and reduced mechanical properties have been observed.
despite reports from numerous big cohorts , no single adult life factor , including smoking , accounts for this accelerated decline.
antenatal adverse events can operate by causing structural changes in the developing lung , causing low birth weight and prematurity and altered immunological responses.
also important are mode of delivery , early microbiological exposures , and multiple early atopic sensitizations.
early bronchial hyperresponsiveness , before any evidence of airway inflammation , is associated with adverse respiratory outcomes.
alveolar development is now believed to continue throughout somatic growth and is adversely impacted by early tobacco smoke exposure.
genetic factors are also important , with genes important in lung development and early wheezing also being implicated in copd.
findings in the last decade have placed the mtor pathway in a new context as an important , conserved mediator of the aging process.
however , this may not be the entire story , because mtor is also implicated in a large number of diseases not linked to aging.
telomerase mutation carriers with emphysema report a family history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , and both lung phenotypes show autosomal dominant inheritance within families.
the data so far point to a strong gene-environment interaction that determines the lung disease type.
in animal models , telomere dysfunction causes alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence , which is sufficient to drive lung remodeling and recruit inflammation.
here , we review the implications of these discoveries for understanding emphysema biology as well as for patient care.
the hallmarks of ipf are aberrant activation of alveolar epithelial cells and accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts along with excessive production of extracellular matrix.
also , aging seems to confer a profibrotic phenotype upon fibroblasts and to increase the severity of the fibrogenic response in non-ipf fibrotic lung disorders.
despite increasing interest the last years , the choroid plexus still is a relatively understudied tissue in neuroscience.
the choroid plexus contains fenestrated capillaries surrounded by tightly connected choroid plexus epithelial cells that form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
cellular senescence is a cell fate decision and stress response that entails a permanent arrest of cell proliferation coupled to a complex secretory phenotype.
senescent cells increase in number with age in most , if not all , mammalian tissues , including the airways and lungs.
the senescence response is a double-edged sword.
the proliferative arrest suppresses the development of cancer by preventing the propagation of stressed or damaged cells that are at risk for neoplastic transformation.
however , this arrest can also curtail the proliferation of stem or progenitor cells and thus hamper tissue repair and regeneration.
similarly , the secretory phenotype can promote wound healing by transiently providing growth factors and the initial inflammatory stimulus that is required for tissue repair.
the next challenge will be to develop interventions and supplements that can abrogate the deleterious effects of senescent cells while preserving their beneficial effects.
aging is one of the most important risk factors for most chronic diseases.
aging is a progressive degeneration of the tissues that has a negative impact on the structure and function of vital organs.
the lung ages , resulting in decreased function and reduced capacity to respond to environmental stresses and injury.
the prevalence of copd is two to three times higher in people over the age of @number@ years than in younger age groups.
indeed , copd has been considered a condition of accelerated lung aging.
several mechanisms associated with aging are present in the lungs of patients with copd.
understanding the mechanism of age-related changes in copd may identify novel therapies for this condition.
many acute and chronic lung diseases could benefit from improved regeneration therapy.
the impact of such memory systems on lung regeneration is currently unknown.
importantly , conditioning steps may be needed to reverse exposure memory and enable effective regeneration.
beginning with the sixth decade of life , the human immune system undergoes dramatic aging-related changes , which continuously progress to a state of immunosenescence.
the aging immune system loses the ability to protect against infections and cancer and fails to support appropriate wound healing.
vaccine responses are typically impaired in older individuals.
immune system aging functions as an accelerator for other age-related pathologies.
ra t cells have several hallmarks of cellular aging ; most importantly , they accumulate damaged dna.
immune aging in ra t cells is also associated with metabolic reprogramming ; specifically , with reduced glycolytic flux and diminished atp production.
chronic energy stress affects the longevity and the functional differentiation of older t cells.
altered metabolic patterns provide opportunities to therapeutically target the immune aging process through metabolic interference.
current therapies are largely symptomatic , and novel therapeutic approaches are needed.
purpose : preference-based generic measures are gaining increased use in mobility research to assess health-related quality of life and wellbeing.
hence , we examined the responsiveness of these two measures among individuals at risk of mobility impairment among adults aged ≥70 years.
both measures were responsive to falls that occurred during the first @number@ months of the study ( p < @number@ ) .
these effects appeared to be amplified among individuals identified as having mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) at baseline ( p < @number@ ) .
the vectors were transfected into porcine fibroblasts then ca-klotho and tet-klotho cell lines were established.
the ca-klotho cell line was subjected to real-time pcr and showed positively changed expression of genes related to aging and cell survival.
in conclusion , we established hklotho overexpression and tet-inducible hklotho overexpression cell lines and porcine embryos cloned from these cell lines.
these studies have used either old / similar / new or old / new test formats.
we also tested the hypothesis that age-related impairments on the mst could be modeled within a global matching computational framework.
we also discuss the ability of global matching models to account for findings in other studies that have used variants on mnemonic similarity tasks.
a gradual decline of oxygen and glucose supply to the brain during aging or hypoxia was manifested as a contributing factor to hypometabolism.
the brain regions susceptible to hypometabolism are the hippocampus , entorhinal cortex and cognition-associated neocortical regions like parietal , temporal and frontal cortex.
in ad patients , the brain regions with hypometabolism can trigger overexpression of amyloid precursor protein and decrease the clearance of aβ.
aβ and hypoxia can evoke inflammation , oxidative stress and finally neuronal cell death.
this review article discusses the possible role of hif-1α as a neuroprotector in ad and the future perspectives.
as many as @number@ different loci have already been mapped.
we recruited @number@ mcph families in pakistan and could identify the genetic cause of the disease in @number@ of them.
the @number@ mcph1 mutations were homozygous microdeletions of @number@ and @number@ bp , respectively , for which we were able to map the exact breakpoints.
we also identified four known mutations - three in aspm and one in wdr62.
the latter was initially deemed to be a missense mutation but we demonstrate here that it affects splicing.
designing effective interventions to promote medication adherence in this patient group is therefore important.
data were collected at baseline ; @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after intervention.
survival status was followed up at @number@ months.
multi-level regressions and survival analyses for hazard ratio ( hr ) were used for analyses.
hr in the exp group compared with the tau group was @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
qol and survival rates increased as a function of better medication adherence.
clinicaltrials.gov nct02109523.
the proportion of men receiving non-surgical cosmetic procedures has risen substantially in recent years.
various physiologic , anatomic , and motivational considerations differentiate the treatments for male and female patients.
nevertheless , research regarding approaches to the male cosmetic patient is scarce.
important sex-specific factors associated with each of these procedures should be considered to best serve the male cosmetic patient.
purpose : we explored changes in muscle interactions during healthy aging as a window into neural control strategies of postural preparation to action / perturbation.
methods : young and elderly subjects were required to make a step in response to support surface perturbations.
surface muscle activity of @number@ leg and trunk muscles was analyzed to identify sets of @number@ muscle modes ( m-modes ) .
linear combinations of m-modes and their relationship to changes in the cop displacement in the anterior-posterior direction were then determined.
uncontrolled manifold analysis was performed to determine variance components in the m-mode space and indices of m-mode synergy stabilizing cop displacement.
results : prior to the step initiation , the older subjects showed strong synergies that stabilized cop displacement to forward perturbation of the support surface.
however , the synergy indices were significantly lower than those of the young subjects during preparation for making a step.
they may lead to excessive muscle co-contractions and low stability of cop displacement.
autosomal recessive primary microcephaly ( mcph ) is characterized by a substantial reduction in brain size but with normal architecture.
it is often linked to mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins ; however , their role in brain size regulation is not completely understood.
cdk5rap2 is a component of the pericentriolar material important for the microtubule-organizing function of the centrosome.
patient-derived primary fibroblasts had strongly decreased cdk5rap2 amounts , showed centrosomal and nuclear abnormalities and exhibited changes in cell size and migration.
we further identified an interaction of cdk5rap2 with the hippo pathway components mst1 kinase and the transcriptional regulator taz.
this finding potentially provides a mechanism through which the hippo pathway with its roles in the regulation of centrosome number is linked to the centrosome.
in the patient fibroblasts , we observed higher levels of taz and yap.
background : due to current demographic trends , the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia is expected to increase considerably.
for potential new therapies it is important to identify patients at risk as early as possible.
currently , there is no population-based screening.
therefore , identification of biomarkers that will help screen the population at risk is urgently needed.
thus , a literature review on retinal pathology in neurodegenerative diseases was performed.
relevant publications were selected and summarized qualitatively.
pathological changes in macular volume , optic nerve fiber layer thickness and the ganglion cell complex were observed.
however , based on available evidence , no ocular biomarkers for neurodegeneration which could be integrated in routine clinical diagnostics have been identified.
we performed the t1w / t2w analysis in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
we applied [ reactive oxygen species ( ros ) play a major role in both chronological aging and photoaging.
ros induce skin aging through their damaging effect on cellular constituents.
however , the origins of ros have not been fully elucidated.
we investigated that ros generation of replicative senescent fibroblasts is generated by the modulation of phosphatidylinositol @number@ , 5-triphosphate ( pip3 ) metabolism.
increased ros production was blocked by inhibition of pi3k or protein kinase c ( pkc ) or by nadph oxidase activating in replicative senescent cells.
these data indicate that the signal pathway to ros generation in replicative aged skin cells can be stimulated by reduced pten level.
this study aims to provide a clinically driven comprehensive list of chronic conditions to be included when measuring multimorbidity.
chronic icd-10 codes were subsequently grouped into broader categories according to clinical criteria.
after applying this definition in relation to populations of older adults , @number@ chronic icd-10 codes were identified and grouped into @number@ chronic disease categories.
in snac-k , @percent@ had ≥2 of these @number@ disease categories , @percent@ had ≥3 , and @percent@ had ≥4.
once validated , it may enable the advancement and evolution of conceptual and theoretical aspects of multimorbidity that will eventually lead to better care.
biological aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation level.
this chronic phenomenon has been named \ "inflamm-aging \ " and is a highly significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the older persons.
dna methylation is an epigenetic process involved in development , aging , and cancer.
here , we discuss the biology of dnmt3a and its role in controlling hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions.
in addition , we review how mutant dnmt3a may contribute to leukemogenesis and the clinical relevance of dnmt3a mutations in hematologic cancers.
however , apoe4-driven functional differences within olfactory processing regions have yet to be examined.
decreased proteolytic clearance of soluble amyloid β ( aβ ) in microglia affects aβ accumulation on alzheimer's disease progression.
however , the potential molecular mechanism by which microglial aβ uptake is regulated remains unclear.
we also identified a mir-124 binding site in the @number@'-utr of rfx1 mrna and a rfx1 binding site in the first intron of apoe gene.
furthermore , interfering this signaling pathway by knocking down rfx1 significantly improved aβ uptake in bv2 cells.
we examined the influence of age on associations between affective states , social support , and alcohol use by age cohorts.
we recruited @number@ older black adults living with hiv from the southeastern united states in @number@ and @number@
participants completed questionnaires assessing demographics , psychological function , and substance use.
hierarchical regression analyses assessed the relationship between psychosocial factors and alcohol use in a 50- to 59-year-old group , and a 60-years-and-older age group.
background : the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) is a well-established tool to assess lower extremity physical performance status.
its predictive ability for all-cause mortality has been sparsely reported , but with conflicting results in different subsets of participants.
the aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis investigating the relationship between sppb score and all-cause mortality.
twenty-four articles were selected from available evidence.
results : standardized data were obtained for @number@ studies ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
random effects meta-regression showed that or for all-cause mortality with sppb values 7-9 was higher in the younger population , diabetics , and men.
conclusions : an sppb score lower than @number@ is predictive of all-cause mortality.
the systematic implementation of the sppb in clinical practice settings may provide useful prognostic information about the risk of all-cause mortality.
the study protocol was published on prospero ( crd42015024916 ) .
different forms of gbs have been described having diagnostic confirmation of a previous infection with the zikv virus.
although we do not have enough evidence that elderly people are a particularly susceptible population to developing gbs following zikv infection , this is plausible.
we should consider this possibility , particularly taking into account that aging subjects are more susceptible to infections.
telomere and telomerase have recently been explored as anti-aging and anti-cancer drug targets with only limited success.
the β-galactosidase reporter staining assay showed that the effect of tsy-1 on telomerase activity correlates with cell senescence.
in the present study , we examined the expression and roles of phosphorylated nestin in pancreatic cancer cells.
nestin phosphorylation at threonines @number@ ( thr315 ) and @number@ ( thr1299 ) was observed during mitosis in human pancreatic cancer cells.
nestin phosphorylation was positively correlated with a cell proliferation marker , mib-1 expression in human pancreatic cancer samples.
transfecting mia paca-2 cells with wild-type nestin or with nestin mutated at thr315 increased migration and invasion.
in contrast , transfection with nestin mutated at both phosphorylation sites ( thr315 and thr1299 ) did not enhance cell migration or invasion.
in an intra-splenic xenograft experiment using mia paca-2 cells , tumors expressing the nestin double mutant formed fewer liver metastases than tumors expressing wild-type nestin.
inhibiting nestin phosphorylation at these two sites may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
our aim was to assess both their relation with rrd features and their influence on the posttreatment outcome.
methods : thirty-three eyes of @number@ rrd patients scheduled for scleral buckle surgery were enrolled in the study.
undiluted subretinal fluid samples were collected during surgery and analyzed via magnetic bead-based immunoassay.
all patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation at baseline and at each follow-up visit ( months @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) .
conclusions : signal-transduction proteins and early apoptosis proteins are associated with different clinical features and postsurgery outcomes.
it is important to investigate the irregularities in aging-associated changes in bone , between men and women for bone strength and osteoporosis.
panoramic radiographs of @number@ subjects ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) aged between @number@ to @number@ years were used.
study subjects were grouped into six 10-years age groups.
the mean age of women ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) was significantly higher than that of men ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the mcw of men and women ( @number@.17mm and @number@.91mm , respectively , p < @number@ ) was strongly associated with age and mci.
in men aged over @number@ years , only mcw was significantly associated ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the fd measures revealed relatively higher association with age among women than men , but not as strong as mcw.
methods : data were collected from @number@ to @number@ from @number@ highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced hiv infected and @number@ uninfected women.
cox proportional hazards regression evaluated predictors of first hospitalization over @number@ years.
conclusions : psychosocial and clinical factors were associated with risk of hospitalization independently of the vacs index score.
additional research on contextual and psychosocial influences on health outcomes among women is needed.
we obtained dna methylation profiles in whole blood samples by illumina humanmethylation450 beadchip and calculated the fi according to the method of mitnitski and rockwood.
mixed linear regression models were implemented to assess the associations between smoking indicators and the fi.
nine of them survived in the validation phase and were designated as frailty-associated loci.
a smoking index ( si ) based on the @number@ loci manifested a monotonic association with the fi.
in conclusion , this study suggested that epigenetic alterations could play a role in smoking-associated development of frailty.
the identified cpg sites have the potential to be prognostic biomarkers of frailty and frailty-related health outcomes.
our findings and the underlying mechanisms should be followed up in further , preferably longitudinal studies.
data on @number@ elderly from two waves of the population and household survey , epifloripa idoso , were analyzed.
the average qol score in the sample was @number@ ( 95%ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
to remain living with family had a negative effect on qol score for the elderly.
we report a case of purple urine bag syndrome , associated to streptococcus agalactiae urinary tract infection , progressing to septic shock and death.
we investigated the association of arrhythmia episodes with spatial and temporal variation in temperature.
we also evaluated the association btween monitored ambient temperature ( central ) and the same outcome.
this longitudinal analysis included @number@ older men participating in the va normative aging study.
the outcome was defined as having or not ve episodes during a study visit.
we also examined effect modification by personal characteristics , confounding by air pollution , and the exposure-response function.
the odds associated with 1°c increase in central temperature was @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
the exposure-response function was nonlinear for averages of temperature , presenting a j-shaped pattern , suggesting greater risk at lower and higher temperatures.
increased warm temperature and decreased cold temperature may increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
aim : the optimal treatment for elderly glioblastoma patients is unclear.
we conducted a retrospective review of the california cancer registry to examine treatment patterns and survival by age.
methods : we identified @number@ adult patients from the california cancer registry with glioblastoma.
we compared the extent of resection , treatment type and modality.
results : elderly patients had the greatest overall survival ( os ) with combined surgery , radiation and chemotherapy.
however , they were more likely to undergo biopsy and less likely to receive combined radiation and chemotherapy than patients < 70.
conclusion : os was maximized in elderly patients who were able to get some surgical resection and undergo combined radiation and chemotherapy.
os survival in some elderly patients may be improved by more extensive therapy.
both sui and pop are prevalent medical conditions , affecting 15-17% and 3-6% of women respectively.
additionally , we will review re-operation rates , trends in management , and future care needs.
introduction : the cognitive reserve theory may contribute to explain cognitive performance differences among individuals with similar cognitive decline and among healthy ones.
however , more psychometric analysis are needed to guarantee the usage of tests for assessing cognitive reserve.
results : the exploratory factor analysis using esem revealed that the data fitted the proposed model.
conclusion : the crs seemed to be set under the hypothetical theoretical model , and the scores might be interpreted by the norms showed.
this study provided guarantees for the usage of the crs in research.
es lo que han hecho martínez carrión y cols. , con el trabajo que aparece en este número de nutrición hospitalaria.
objectives / hypothesis : to measure odor detection thresholds and associated nasal and behavioral factors in an older adult population.
study design : cross-sectional cohort study.
older participants were significantly more likely to have lower ( worse ) odt scores than younger participants ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no significant differences in mean odt scores between men and women.
cognitive impairment was also associated with poor performance , whereas a history of allergies or a deviated septum was associated with better performance.
conclusions : odor detection threshold scores were worse in older age groups but similar between men and women in this large population of older adults.
regular exercise was associated with better odor detection thresholds , adding to the evidence that decline in olfactory function with age may be partly preventable.
level of evidence : 3b.
laryngoscope , 127 : 1257-1262 , @number@
design : randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study.
setting : odense androgen study-the effect of testim and training in hypogonadal men.
testosterone treatment did not have any significant effect on plasma levels of fgf23 or soluble klotho.
the reduction in phosphate levels was inversely associated with bioavailable testosterone.
methods : data from the prospective criteria to assess appropriate medication use among elderly complex patients ( crime ) cohort were used.
sensitivity and specificity were calculated for a cut-off point of @number@
there were sex-specific and age-specific differences in these diseases.
just less than half ( @percent@ ) the study population suffered from two or more chronic diseases.
hypertension patients were more likely to suffer from obesity , diabetes , dyslipidemia , and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases , but not osteoporosis.
the most common combination of multiple diseases was hypertension with dyslipidemia ( @percent@ ) or diabetes ( @percent@ ) .
we examined the risk factors for serious infections in biologics-treated elderly ra patients.
we then found that prednisolone doses alone were significantly associated with serious infections in biologics-treated elderly ra patients.
furthermore , we found that prednisolone at 1-4 mg / day was associated with serious infections in biologics-treated patients , but not non-biologic dmard-treated patients.
on the other hand , prednisolone at greater than @number@ mg / day was associated with serious infections in both biologics-treated and non-biologics-treated patients.
this phenomenon is known as bilateral deficit.
the seemingly similar developments have been observed with different experimental protocols in the different age groups , respectively.
reaction times and the resulting bilateral deficit , as well as reaction time variability were analyzed.
as expected , reaction times were different for the young adults between the uni- and the bimanual task.
children and older adults performed both conditions with similar reaction times.
however , a difference in the direction of the %bilateral deficit occurred between the two age groups.
the findings demonstrated an absence of the bilateral deficit for children , but not for younger and older adults.
the management of major orthopedic surgery in the elderly prototypically reflects the perioperative risks of geriatric , often very frail patients reflecting an aging population.
accordingly , specific influencing factors relevant for perioperative management can be increasingly more identified.
this short review summarizes the current state of knowledge to provide an overview and rationale for clinical decision making.
bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) derived phase angle ( pa ) reflects cell membrane integrity and function.
therefore , we aimed to evaluate associations among frailty , visceral fat depots and pa in patients with symptomatic severe as.
frailty was defined according the fried et al. scale criteria and the body fat distribution was determined by multidetector computed tomography and by bia.
results : of the fifty-five included patients , @number@ were frail ( @percent@ ) .
moreover , frailty and eatvi are associated with impaired cell membrane integrity and function assessed by pa.
objective : the relationship between body composition and mortality in frail older people is unclear.
design : prospective study with up to @number@ years of follow up.
setting : community dwelling older ( ≥65 ) women.
measurements : frailty was determined using modified fried's criteria.
dynamics of more than @percent@ in lean mass were not associated with mortality.
conclusion : low body fat or a pronounced decline in adiposity is associated with increased risks of mortality in frail older women.
these results indicate a need to re-evaluate healthy weight in persons with frailty. .
background : transcatheter aortic-valve implantation ( tavi ) has been shown to improve survival and quality of life in patients with severe aortic stenosis.
however , one-third of patients have poor outcome as death , functional decline or quality of life ( qol ) decline.
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , we did a prospective and multicenter study including patients ≥ @number@ years old referred for tavi.
association between qol decline and baseline characteristics including cardiac and geriatric factors was analysed by logistic regression models.
results : mean age of the @number@ patients studied was @number@ years old and @percent@ were men.
conclusion : the mental qol significantly decreased and patients with preoperative depressive symptoms had mental qol improvement at six months.
researches are needed to confirm that mental qol of patients with depressive symptoms can be improved by tavi.
the strategic implementation plan of the european innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing ( eip on aha ) proposed six action groups.
after almost three years of activity , many achievements have been obtained through commitments or collaborative work of the action groups.
the paper presents the methodology and current status of the task force on eip on aha synergies.
the outcomes and impact of synergies are using the monitoring and assessment framework for the eip on aha ( mafeip ) .
methods : electronic search for articles on affs and bisphosphonates published in english was performed.
most cases of affs occurred in older people aged @number@ years and above.
varying postoperative and functional outcomes have been reported but differences in study population , management approaches and endpoints may account for these variations.
for incomplete affs , prophylactic surgical intervention is potentially beneficial.
design : randomized clinical trial with two intervention groups and one control group , and monitoring on readmission at @number@ and @number@ days after discharge.
setting : intervention in the participants ' homes after discharge from hospital.
exclusion : nursing home residents and patients with terminal illnesses or cognitive impairment.
the counselling was either in-person at the patient's homes , or over the telephone.
all patients received a diet plan on discharge.
the control group received standard care , but no follow-up after discharge.
measurements : information on readmissions to hospital and mortality at @number@ and @number@ days after discharge was obtained from electronic patient records.
intention-to-treat ( itt ) and per-protocol ( pp ) analyses were carried out.
the mean age of the participants was @number@ years.
conclusion : an individualized nutritional follow-up performed as home visits seems to reduce readmission to hospital @number@ and @number@ days after discharge.
intervention by telephone consultations may also prevent readmission , but only among participants who receive the full intervention.
exercise training consisted of @number@ session / week of resistance training on pulley machines.
however , total ( p = 0.04 ) and appendicular ( p = 0.02 ) lbm decreased in the hp group only.
design : the study used a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled design.
setting : the study took part in a laboratory setting.
participants : twenty-four male and female healthy participants , aged @number@.0±5.8 years.
intervention : the non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks.
similarly , this immobilisation model had no impact on the assessed blood flow characteristics.
all parameters had returned to baseline values at the re-mobilisation phase of the study.
conclusion : overall , at the current doses , neither ω-3 nor vitamin d supplementation significantly attenuated declines in torque associated with immobilisation.
objectives : muscle size decreases in response to short-term limb immobilisation.
this study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators ( eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin d ) would attenuate immobilisation-induced changes in muscle characteristics.
design : the study used a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled design.
setting : the study took part in a laboratory setting.
participants : twenty-four male and female healthy participants , aged @number@.0±5.8 years.
intervention : the non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks.
the ω-3 supplementation group demonstrated a non-significant attenuation of the decrease in dxa quantified lean mass observed in the placebo group.
all parameters had returned to baseline values at the re-mobilisation phase of the study.
conclusion : overall , at the current doses , ω-3 and vitamin d supplementation only attenuated one of the changes associated with non-injurious limb immobilisation.
background : dietary supplement use is common in older adults.
there has been limited research in people attending memory clinics.
objectives : to explore the use of dietary supplements in older people attending australian memory clinics.
design : cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the prospective research in memory clinics ( prime ) study.
participants : community-dwelling older people who attended nine memory clinics and had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or dementia.
non-prescribed supplement was defined as a supplement that is not usually prescribed by a medical practitioner.
polypharmacy was defined as use of five or more medications.
results : @number@ patients , mean age @number@ years , were included.
dietary supplements were used by @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) used two or more.
non-prescribed supplements were used by @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
potential drug-supplement interactions were identified in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
supplement users had increased prevalence of polypharmacy compared to non-users ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : dietary supplements , including non-prescribed supplements , were commonly used by people attending memory clinics.
supplement use increased the prevalence of polypharmacy and resulted in potential supplement-drug interactions.
further research is required to assess the clinical outcomes of supplement use.
objective : this paper describes the trajectories of nutritional status and cognitive impairment and their correlation among older taiwanese over @number@ year after hip-fracture surgery.
measurements : nutritional status was assessed by the mini nutritional assessment before and @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ months after hospital discharge.
cognitive function was measured by the mini-mental state examination before surgery , at hospital discharge , @number@ and @number@ months after discharge.
results : nutritional status in general improved significantly , particularly during the first @number@ months after discharge.
trajectories of nutritional status were significantly associated with cognitive-function trajectories.
conclusion : a good nutritional-status trajectory after hip fracture was associated with better cognitive function.
objective : the use of tube feeding for elderly patients with poor nutritional intake is a ubiquitous method of feeding.
this systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to compare nutritional benefits of enteral feeding versus oral feeding in long-term care facilities.
participants : eight articles , with @number@ participants were included in meta-analysis and @number@ articles were included in systematic review.
measurements : the three investigators extracted and appraised data using the same study design , baseline characteristics , and outcomes , independently.
results : following a systematic review , @number@ articles out of @number@ original research articles were selected for this analysis.
conclusions : the results show that tube feeding does not increase patients ' nutrients absorption to improve nutritional status.
instead , these results indicate that oral feeding is better regarding some nutritional biochemical parameters.
aim : this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly individuals living alone and with their families.
the data were gathered from a survey , using face-to-face interviews.
the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) was used in evaluating each individual's nutrition.
results : the rate of malnutrition in the study population was @percent@ while the malnutrition risk was @percent@.
the rate of malnutrition in the individuals living alone was found to be higher than that of those living with their families.
malnutrition rates were higher in individuals living alone.
raising the awareness of elderly people and their families regarding the need to improve and maintain nutrition would be beneficial.
objectives : study formal and informal care of community-living older people in the swedish national study of aging and care ( snac ) .
design : cross-sectional , population based cohort.
setting : three areas in sweden : municipality of nordanstig , stockholm and skåne county.
participants : @number@ persons ≥72 years.
measurements : patterns and amounts of informal and formal care by cognition and area of residence.
results : @percent@ received no care ; @percent@ formal care ; and @percent@ informal care ( @percent@ received both ) .
users of informal care received @number@ hours of informal care / month in small municipalities , @number@ in mid-size municipalities and @number@ in urban areas.
individuals with cognitive impairment received @number@ hours of informal care / month , @number@ times more than people with no / slight impairment.
corresponding figures for formal care users were @number@ hours in small municipalities , @number@ in mid-size municipalities and @number@ in urban areas.
conclusions : more informal than formal care was provided.
informal care is more frequent in small municipalities than urban areas and for those with than without cognitive impairment.
objectives : to examine associations of dietary variety with changes in lean mass and physical performance during a 4-year period in an elderly japanese population.
design : four-year prospective study.
setting : the hatoyama cohort study and kusatsu longitudinal study , japan.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling japanese aged @number@ years or older.
measurements : dietary variety was assessed using a 10-item food frequency questionnaire.
associations of dietary variety with the outcome measures were examined by logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders.
dietary variety was not significantly associated with changes in lean body mass or appendicular lean mass.
design : a cross-sectional study based on a quota sample.
generalised linear mixed model and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data.
setting : elderly centres and community centres in hong kong.
participants : sixty hypertensive older people , @number@ non-hypertensive older people and @number@ non-hypertensive young people were recruited from june to @date@ .
measurements : the tastiness score and the willingness score were the primary outcome measures.
the chinese health literacy scale for low salt consumption - hong kong population ( chlsalt-hk ) was also assessed.
for bread , there was insignificant difference in willingness rating to consume low-sodium option ( p = 0.375 ) .
there is room for reducing the sodium content of soup , while the sodium in bread should be reduced progressively.
improving the taste of low-sodium food may help to promote reduction in dietary sodium intake.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a joint pathology characterized by progressive cartilage degradation.
medical care is mainly based on alleviating pain symptoms.
however , the relative contribution of apoptosis per se in oa pathogenesis appears complex to evaluate.
apoptosis , chondroptosis , necrosis , and autophagic cell death are described in this review.
finally , we have considered whether interfering in chondrocyte apoptosis or promoting autophagy could constitute therapeutic strategies to impede oa progression.
individuals under chronic psychological stress can be difficult to identify clinically.
there is often no outwardly visible phenotype.
functional hypothalamic amenorrhea , a phenotypically recognizable form of stress , is due to stress-induced suppression of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
reversal of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea includes restoration of ovulatory ovarian function and fertility and amelioration of hypercortisolism and hypothyroidism.
taken together , recovery from functional hypothalamic amenorrhea putatively offers neuroprotection and ameliorates stress-induced premature brain aging and possibly syndromic alzheimer's disease.
amenorrhea may be viewed as a sentinel indicator of stress.
hypothalamic hypogonadism is less clinically evident in men and the diagnosis is difficult to establish.
body posture and activity are important indices for assessing health and quality of life , especially for elderly people.
therefore , an easily wearable device or instrumented garment would be valuable for monitoring elderly people's postures and activities to facilitate healthy aging.
in particular , such devices should be accepted by elderly people so that they are willing to wear it all the time.
this paper presents the design and development of a novel , textile-based , intelligent wearable vest for real-time posture monitoring and emergency warnings.
the usability of the system was verified using a technology acceptance model-based study of @number@ elderly people.
globally , pneumonia is a serious public health concern and a major cause of mortality and morbidity.
furthermore , broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies are sometimes given until microbiological results are available and de-escalation cannot be performed quickly.
this review provides an overview of microbial etiology , resistance patterns , epidemiology and microbial diagnosis of pneumonia.
background : italy is particularly concerned by population ageing.
the costs for society are substantial.
the pda collects information about participation in society and employment , independent living , health conditions , safety and living environment.
indicator values are used to obtain population health profiles and to compare different lhus ' profiles within the same region or between different regions.
background : cured meat intake-a recent carcinogenic factor-may increase the risk of copd , but its association with asthma remains unknown.
we investigated the association between cured meat intake and worsening asthma symptoms in adults , and the role of bmi as a potential mediator.
this research extends the effect of diet on asthma in adults.
background : many infants born prematurely experience growth failure following delivery , with subsequent catch-up growth.
traditionally catch-up was thought to be complete in the first few years of life.
methodology : this uk based prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited @number@ preterm children born at a tertiary neonatal unit during @number@ and @number@ matched controls.
growth parameters have been assessed annually until the completion of growth.
catch-up growth however , continued throughout the whole of childhood.
the aging process and menopausal transition are important factors in sexual dysfunction of menopausal women.
no neuroimaging study has assessed the age- and menopause-related changes on brain activation areas associated with sexual arousal in menopausal women.
thirty volunteers consisting of @number@ premenopausal and @number@ menopausal women underwent the fmri.
for the activation condition , volunteers viewed sexually arousing visual stimulation.
signal changes in the amygdala while viewing erotic video were positively correlated with estrogen levels in the two groups.
these findings might help elucidate the neural mechanisms associated with sexual dysfunction in menopausal women.
recent population studies suggest an intriguing inverse relationship between several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases , including alzheimer's disease.
the alzheimer's association and the alzheimer's drug discovery foundation convened a one-day workshop to delve into this discussion.
workshop participants outlined research focus areas , potential collaborations , and partnerships for future action.
the demographic and operative variables and postoperative medical and surgical complications were analyzed.
sixty-four of the @number@ procedures encountered at least one complication.
medical complications were observed in @number@ cases and were predominantly pulmonary , whereas surgical complications occurred in @number@ cases in addition to one perioperative death.
successful free tissue transfer was achieved in @number@ of the @number@ flaps.
there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications between patients aged 70-79 years and those aged ≥80 years.
anesthetic time was a statistically significant predictor of postoperative medical complications ( odds ratio @number@ @percent@ confidence interval @number@.117-1.663 , p = @number@ ) .
preoperative comorbidity status , graded according to the ace-27 index , was a statistically significant predictor of flap recipient site complications.
free tissue transfer may be performed in aging patients with a high degree of technical success and low operative mortality.
chronological age alone should not be used as a criterion when evaluating a patient for free tissue transfer.
the patient's premorbid status should be carefully assessed.
to minimize postoperative medical complications , duration of general anesthesia should be kept to a minimum.
there was an association between tau and causes of death ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no associations between beta-amyloid , alpha-synuclein , or tdp-43 and causes of death.
tau deposition in the brain may have a relationship with systemic causes of death , including cancer , in the cognitively normal elderly.
in order to implement appropriate interventions , it is important to understand the symptoms in more detail.
despite the availability of bpsd assessment tools , it is unknown what the current practice of monitoring of bpsd in racfs.
we sought to investigate the current bpsd assessment tools being used in racfs and explore different stakeholders ' views on current practices.
a cross-sectional convenience sample of @number@ clinicians were identified and administered a questionnaire.
old age psychiatrists , aged psychiatry clinicians , behavior management teams and racf staff completed the questionnaires.
racf staff stated the major barrier to assessment of bpsd was lack of time.
alternate methods of assessing bpsd which consider preferences from clinicians and racf staff should be further investigated.
modern technology which can allow \ "real time \ " assessment may be a solution.
background : previous studies have thoroughly investigated the prevalence and risk factors for completed suicide.
in marked contrast is the lack of a better understanding of attempted suicide in the elderly.
the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly and examine the associated factors.
methods : using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach , a cross-sectional survey of @number@ elderly house-dwelling residents was conducted in shanghai , china.
results : the two-week prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly was @percent@.
in the multivariate analysis , sad and fear symptoms were significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of attempted suicide in the elderly.
elderly individuals with certain mental symptoms should be targeted for suicide prevention and provided with timely mental health support.
a significant decrease in total fat mass was observed in experimental groups.
there were no changes in total lean mass and total bone mineral density in both groups.
wbvg and mtg showed significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60° / s and at 270° / s.
mtg showed a significant increase in strength for dorsiflexion at 60° / s.
with respect to eversion and inversion , wbvg and mtg improved strength at 60° / s.
twenty-four weeks of whole body vibration or mts result in positive modifications in total fat mass.
these trainings are effective in improving knee extension and stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint strength.
neurotransmission by biogenic monoamines is important for brain function.
biogenic amine turnover employs the enzymes and monoamine oxidase in neuronal and glial cells.
inhibition of these enzymes elevates biogenic amine levels in the synaptic cleft.
subtype selectivity of inhibition is lost during long-term use of ' selective ' monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
areas covered : this narrative review discusses use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the context with chronic neurodegeneration.
expert opinion : antidepressant drugs increase synaptic concentrations of biogenic amines.
in the aging brain , then one of the two enzymes involved in degrading synaptic amines , catechol-o-methyl transferase , increasingly catalyzes methylation processes.
therefore , metabolism by monoamine oxidase plays an incremental , predominant role in biogenic amine turnover , leading to greater oxidative stress.
in patients with chronic neurodegenerative disorders , symptoms , such as depression and apathy , are often treated with drugs that elevate biogenic amine levels.
we propose that antidepressant therapy should be initiated first with monoamine oxidase inhibitors only.
if adequate clinical response is not achieved , only then they should be supplemented with a further antidepressant.
proteomic approaches are unequivocally powerful tools that may provide deeper understanding into the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiovascular disease and improve its management.
to summarize the recent progress in the field , a literature search was conducted in pubmed and web of science.
as a result , @number@ studies from pubmed and @number@ studies from web of science were retrieved.
findings from original research articles using proteomics technologies for the discovery of biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in human are summarized in this review.
the uptake and metabolism of iodide by thyrocytes is crucial to proper thyroid function.
we sought to learn how an abnormal concentration of iodide within thyrocyte can have significant effects on the thyroid , specifically the surrounding vascular network.
insufficient levels of iodide can lead to increased expression or activity of several pathways , including vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) .
the vegf protein fuel vessel growth ( angiogenesis ) and therefore enhances the nutrients available to surrounding cells.
alternatively , normal / surplus iodide levels can have inhibitory effects on angiogenesis.
photograph analyses were performed by @number@ blinded evaluators.
results : classification of nasolabial and periorbital wrinkles did not show any significant difference between groups.
rlg presented better results than cg on follow-up ( p = @number@ es = @number@ ) .
conclusion : nasolabial folds and periorbital wrinkles did not change throughout the study ; however , some aesthetic improvement was observed.
lllt did not potentiate rf treatment.
sirt7 has been shown to be important for ribosome biogenesis and transcriptional regulation.
sirt7 knockout mice exhibit complications associated with fatty liver and increased aging in hematopoietic stem cells.
however , the molecular basis for its biological function remains unclear , in part due to the lack of efficient enzymatic activity in vitro.
truncation and mutagenesis studies revealed residues at both the amino and carboxyl termini of sirt7 that are involved in rna-binding and important for activity.
rna ( rip-seq ) identified ribosomal rna ( rrna ) as the predominant rna binding partner of sirt7.
the associated rna was able to effectively activate the deacetylase and defatty-acylase activities of sirt7.
these findings provide important insights into the biological functions of sirt7 , as well as an improved platform to develop sirt7 modulators.
the intervertebral disc ( ivd ) is a joint unique in structure and functions.
lying between adjacent vertebrae , it provides both the primary support and the elasticity required for the spine to move stably.
various aspects of the ivd have long been studied by researchers seeking a better understanding of its dynamics , aging , and subsequent disorders.
in this article , we review the surgical anatomy , imaging modalities , and molecular biology of the lumbar ivd.
clin.
anat.
30 : 251-266 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
studies across neurological traits have shown that younger-onset cases have an increased genetic burden.
methods : we used a three-stage age-at-onset informed gwas to identify novel genetic variants associated with stroke.
associations of the locus with expression of zcchc14 and dna methylation suggest the locus acts through changes to regulatory elements.
ann neurol @number@ ; 81 : 383-394.
interprofessional education ( ipe ) for healthcare professionals is important in japan because of its rapidly aging population and increasingly complex healthcare needs.
however , no tools have been validated in the japanese context to evaluate healthcare professionals ' attitudes towards , or readiness for , ipe.
we followed a guideline for cross-cultural adaptation and subsequently conducted factor analysis with @number@ responses from over @number@ professions.
face and content validity was confirmed through the translation process.
we obtained four factors with good internal consistency ( cronbach's alpha > @number@ ) .
these results were similar to those of the original uk study , apart from one factor being divided into two different factors in this study.
efficient osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) would have the clinical application potential in treating multiple osteal disorders.
bone morphogenetic protein @number@ ( bmp9 ) , a potent osteogenic factor , can up-regulate fshβ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( mefs ) .
however , it is unclear , whether extrapituitary fshβ affects bmp9-induced osteogenesis in mefs.
in this study , we investigated the role of fshβ in bmp9-induced osteogenesis in mefs.
an adenylate cyclase inhibitor obviously suppressed alp and bmp / smad signal transduction induced by bmp9 or the combination of bmp9 and fshβ in mefs.
j. cell.
biochem.
118 : 1792-1802 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
design : retrospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis.
setting : texas , new mexico , colorado , arizona , and california.
participants : hispanic established populations for the epidemiologic study of the elderly ( h-epese ) participants ( n = @number@ ) .
candidate risk factors included demographic characteristics , measures of social engagement , self-reported health conditions , ability to perform daily activities , and physical activity.
conclusion : the maden was able to predict dementia in a population of older mexican-american adults with moderate accuracy.
objective : research on the impact of natural disasters on the mental health of older adults finds both vulnerabilities and resilience.
older adults with significant anxiety or depressive symptoms were offered short-term psychotherapy.
social service referrals were made directly to community agencies.
all smart-mh activities were offered in spanish , russian , mandarin / cantonese , and english.
results : across the full sample , @percent@ of participants screened positive for depression.
hurricane sandy stressors predicted increased odds of depression , including storm injury , post-storm crime , and the total count of stressors.
( disaster med public health preparedness.
@number@ ; 11 : 97-109 ) .
multiple loss-of-function mutations in triad3 ( a.k.a.
triad3a is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes and facilitates the ubiquitination of its target for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ups ) .
the synaptic deficits due to the loss of endogenous triad3a could not be rescued by triad3a harboring ghs-associated missense mutations.
moreover , we demonstrate that the loss of endogenous triad3a in the mouse hippocampal ca1 region led to deficits in spatial learning and memory.
finally , we show that these missense mutations abolished the interaction of triad3a with arc , disrupting arc ubiquitination , and consequently arc degradation.
we also assessed liver function in @number@ age-mismatched recipients.
aims : the purpose of this study was to explore clinical markers reflecting developmental changes in drug clearance by preterm infants.
methods : preterm infants administered aminophylline or theophylline to treat apnoea of prematurity were enrolled in this study.
cyp1a2 1c and cyp1a2 1f genotypes were analyzed.
multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between theophylline clearance and the clinical characteristics of preterm infants.
results : a total of @number@ samples from @number@ preterm infants were analyzed.
a strong association between the serum trough and urine theophylline concentrations was found ( p < @number@ ) .
the bone marrow ( bm ) plays a key role in the long-term maintenance of immunological memory.
we now show that the expression of molecules involved in the maintenance of immunological memory in the human bm changes with age.
while il-15 , which protects potentially harmful cd8 background : there has been concern about the growing off-label use of testosterone.
understanding the context within which testosterone is prescribed may contribute to interventions to improve prescribing.
objective : to evaluate patient characteristics associated with receipt of testosterone.
design : cross-sectional.
main measures : conditions and medications associated with testosterone prescription.
among patients without a diagnosed disorder of hypogonadism , the use of opioids and obesity were the strongest predictors of testosterone prescription.
interventions should aim to increase the proportion of testosterone recipients who have a valid indication.
a life course approach to ageing relies on maintaining participation rates in national birth cohorts and other long-term longitudinal studies.
overall participation and home visit participation remained high ( @number@ and @percent@ , respectively ) and there were no gender differences.
participation was higher in those with higher levels of prior contact and lower in those with the poorest health status.
activities that fostered study engagement were associated with increased home visit participation.
these findings inform strategies to maintain participation in life course studies.
heart failure is a global disease with increasing prevalence due to an aging worldwide population with increasing co-morbidities.
despite several therapeutic options available to treat hfref , morbidity and mortality remain high.
importantly , no approved therapies are available to treat hfpef.
this paper will briefly summarize the burden of disease , hf classification and definitions and the landmark clinical trials in both hfref and hfpef.
this study aimed to compare positive mental health between elderly and young earthquake survivors.
method : data for this study , consisting of @number@ earthquake survivors , were obtained from a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in iran , @number@
the long-term effect of earthquake was assessed using the mental health continuum-short form questionnaire.
a one-way multivariate analysis of covariance ( mancova ) using spss ( version @number@ ) was used in data analysis.
the polish versions of the tilburg frailty indicator ( tfi ) for frailty assessment and 8-item morisky medication adherence scale for adherence assessment were used.
higher level of frailty among elderly patients can be considered as a determinant of lower adherence.
however , social support and knowledge about complications of untreated hypertension are the most important independent determinants of adherence to pharmacological treatment.
brain mris were obtained shortly after visit @number@ in @number@ participants ( @percent@ women , @percent@ aa ) .
adiposity-by-age interactions were examined.
wc increases were not associated with mri outcomes.
higher arterial stiffness is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic events.
we observed @number@ hf events ( @number@ hfpef and @number@ hfref events ) over @number@ years of follow-up.
results showing the same trend were found for all ms components except glucose concentration.
homa-ir did not mediate the association between ox-ldl and ms components.
this study found higher ox-ldl concentrations were associated with ms and its components independently of central obesity and insulin resistance.
methods : peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) were obtained from bd patients with active ileocecal ulcers or from healthy donors.
expression levels of four mirnas were studied using real-time pcr.
the levels of mrnas of ho-1 , bach1 , and cd14 were measured by qrt-pcr.
serum levels of cytokines were analyzed by elisa.
results : among four mirnas , only levels of mir-196a2 were significantly decreased from bd patients with active ileocecal ulcers as compared with healthy controls.
moreover , level of mrna ho-1 expression in pbmcs from patients with bd was reduced.
no significant difference on bach1 and cd14 mrna levels was observed.
levels of ifn-γ , il-17 , il-10 , il-1β , and tnf-α were higher in patients with active intestinal bd than those in healthy controls.
conclusion : the present results suggest that mir-196a2 expression is decreased in active intestinal bd patients.
down regulated mir-196a2 may be involved in intestinal bd pathogenesis by targeting bach1 / ho-1.
consequently , pro-inflammatory cytokines are closely implicated in the evolution of intestinal bd.
background : use of chemotherapy near the end of life in patients with metastatic cancer is often ineffective and toxic.
data about the factors associated with its use remain scarce , especially in europe.
methods : nationwide , register-based study including all hospitalized patients aged ≥20 years who died from metastatic solid tumors in france between @number@ and @number@
results : a total of @number@ @number@ hospitalized patients who died from metastatic cancer were included.
during the last month before death , @percent@ received chemotherapy ( including @percent@ during the last @number@ weeks ) .
finally , high-volume centers and hospitals without palliative care units reported greater-than-average rates of chemotherapy near the end of life.
we found no evident pattern between the expected chemosensitivity of different cancers and the probability for patients to receive chemotherapy close to death.
methods : a randomized , multicenter clinical trial was carried out.
counseling on pa and the mediterranean diet was given to both groups.
no differences in increase of activity were found between the two groups.
counseling accompanied by printed materials appears to be effective in improving adherence to the mediterranean diet , although the app does not increase adherence.
clinicaltrial : clinicaltrials.gov nct02016014 ; @url@ ( archived by webcite at @url@
the heart and the kidney are of utmost importance for the maintenance of cardiovascular ( cv ) homeostasis.
in healthy subjects , hemodynamic changes in either organ may affect hemodynamics of the other organ.
this interaction is fine-tuned by neurohumoral activity , including atrial natriuretic peptides , renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and sympathetic activity.
all of these factors contribute to a high prevalence of coexistent cv and kidney disease , especially in the elderly.
thus , coexistence of cv and kidney disease complicates diagnosis , propagates pathophysiology , adversely affects prognosis , and hinders management.
mitochondria play an essential role in ageing and longevity.
during ageing , a general deregulation of metabolism occurs , affecting molecular , cellular and physiological activities in the organism.
dysfunction of mitochondria has been associated with ageing and age-related diseases indicating their importance in the maintenance of cell homeostasis.
three major nutritional sensors , mtor , ampk and sirtuins are involved in the control of mitochondrial physiology.
these nutritional sensors control mitochondrial biogenesis , dynamics by regulating fusion and fission processes , and turnover through mito- and autophagy.
mitochondria is also affected by sexual hormones that suffer drastic changes during ageing.
in this article , the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in ageing and age-dependent fat accumulation is revised.
design : cross-sectional survey study.
interventions : not applicable.
hibernation is a state of reduced metabolic activity used by some animals to survive in harsh environmental conditions.
data from over half century ago in animal models suggest indeed that radiation effects are reduced during hibernation.
we will review the mechanisms of increased radioprotection in hibernation , and discuss possible impact on human space exploration.
nono / p54nrb and psf are multifunctional hnrnps typically found as a complex exclusively within the nuclei of all mammalian cells.
we demonstrate here that either increase or reduction of expression of either factor results in cellular senescence.
this is accompanied by prototypic cell cycle checkpoint activation and chromatin condensation.
these observations identify yet another role for these multifunctional factors and provide a hitherto unprecedented mechanism for cellular senescence and nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking.
protein aggregation increases with age in normal tissues , and with pathology and age in alzheimer's hippocampus and mouse cardiac muscle.
we now ask whether human skeletal muscle accumulates aggregates with age.
detergent-insoluble protein aggregates were isolated from cancer-associated fibroblasts ( caf ) remain a poorly characterized , heterogeneous cell population.
three imus placed on the 5th lumbar vertebra , 7th cervical vertebra and the back of the head recorded the acceleration of the upper body.
a selection of upper body variables sensitive to impaired upper body control in pd and four acceleration realignment methods were compared.
therefore , it's strongly recommend that researchers consider and report their realignment methods when assessing upper body variables during gait.
results : from @number@ references screened , @number@ studies were eligible for inclusion.
assembled evidence suggested that improving family planning interventions is cost effective in a variety of l-mics as measured against accepted international cost effectiveness benchmarks.
the major drivers of cost effectiveness were cost of increasing coverage , effectiveness of the interventions and country-specific factors.
conclusion : improving family planning interventions in low and middle income countries appears to be cost-effective.
we collected environmental data of daily temperature , available from collaborative public and governmental institutions.
results to date confirm only a few gene variants associated with longevity , while others show inconsistent results.
we found a continuous pattern of increase from 18-75 , however frequency of allele @number@ carriers decreased in our oldest age groups.
possible role of gene-environment interaction effects driven by historical events are discussed.
in accordance with previous findings , we observed association preferentially in females ( p = @number@ ) .
dysregulated wnt signalling is associated with human infertility and testicular cancer.
however , the role of wnt signalling in male germ cells remains poorly understood.
in this study , we first confirmed the activity of wnt signalling in mouse , dog and human testes.
to determine the physiological importance of the wnt pathway , we developed a mouse model with germ cell-specific constitutive activation of βcatenin.
in young mutants , similar to controls , germ cell development was normal.
however , with age , mutant testes showed defective spermatogenesis , progressive germ cell loss , and flawed meiotic entry of spermatogonial cells.
flow sorting confirmed reduced germ cell populations at the leptotene / zygotene stages of meiosis in mutant group.
using thymidine analogues-based dna double labelling technique , we further established decline in germ cell proliferation and differentiation.
overactivation of wnt / βcatenin signalling in a spermatogonial cell line resulted in reduced cell proliferation , viability and colony formation.
rna sequencing analysis of testes revealed significant alterations in the non-coding regions of mutant mouse genome.
one of the novel non-coding rnas was switched on in mutant testes compared to controls.
qpcr analysis confirmed upregulation of this unique non-coding rna in mutant testis.
in summary , our results highlight the significance of wnt signalling in male germ cells.
objective : to evaluate the effects of testosterone replacement on corrected qt interval ( qtcf ) in two randomized controlled trials.
interventions : participants were randomized to either placebo or testosterone gel for @number@ weeks ( tap ) or @number@ months ( teaam ) .
outcomes : difference in change in the qtcf between testosterone and placebo groups was assessed in each trial.
association of changes in testosterone levels with changes in qtcf was analyzed in men assigned to the testosterone group of each trial.
results : mean total testosterone levels increased in the testosterone group of both trials.
conclusion : testosterone replacement attenuated the age-related increase in qtcf duration in men.
the clinical implications of these findings require further investigation.
the fallopian tube epithelium ( fte ) is one of the progenitor populations for high-grade serous ovarian cancer ( hgsc ) .
loss of pax2 is the earliest known molecular aberration in the fte occurring in serous carcinogenesis followed by a mutation in p53.
pathological studies report consistent loss of pax2 in benign lesions as well as serous tumors.
a serially passaged model was generated to investigate the role of aging , but was also insufficient to drive tumorigenesis.
these models recapitulate early benign lesions and suggest that a latency period exists between loss of pax2 , p53 mutation and tumor formation.
stathmin and fut8 were identified as downstream targets regulated by loss of pax2 and mutation of p53 in moe cells.
re-expression of pax2 in pax2-null human hgsc cells reduced cell survival via apoptosis.
we tested both healthy younger and older adults in a 3-day training session using an orientation discrimination task.
a matching-to-sample psychophysical method was used to measure improvements in orientation discrimination thresholds and reaction times ( rts ) .
results showed that both younger and older adults improved discrimination thresholds and rts with similar learning rates and magnitudes.
( psycinfo database record objectives : to examine the association between hearing impairment and incident frailty in older adults.
design : cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with 4-year follow-up using data from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
setting : community.
participants : community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ and older with data on hearing and frailty status ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : hearing impairment was defined as poor self-reported hearing.
participants who were not frail at baseline were followed for incident prefrailty and frailty.
participants who were prefrail at baseline were followed for incident frailty.
objectives : the association between weight change and cognition is controversial.
we examined the association between 20-year weight change and cognitive function in late life.
design : cohort study.
setting : study of osteoporotic fractures ( sof ) .
measurements : study of osteoporotic fractures participants had body weight measured repeatedly over @number@ years ( mean @number@ weights ) .
results : women with greater rate of weight loss over @number@ years had increased chance of developing mci or dementia.
in base models , variability in weight was significant.
the estimate was attenuated after full adjustment ( or = @number@ [ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ] ) .
the presence of an abrupt weight decline was not associated with mci / dementia.
objectives : to systematically review clinical outcomes associated with medication regimen complexity in older people.
setting : hospitals , home , and long-term care.
measurements : quality assessment was conducted using an adapted version of the joanna briggs institute critical appraisal tool.
results : sixteen observational studies met the inclusion criteria.
regimen complexity was associated with medication nonadherence ( @date@ studies ) and higher rates of hospitalization ( @date@ studies ) .
one study found that participants with less-complex medication administration were more likely to stop medications when feeling worse.
conclusion : research into whether medication regimen complexity is associated with nonadherence and hospitalization has produced inconsistent results.
objectives : to determine the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in older people across generations.
design : two prospective cohort studies ( personnes agées quid ( paquid ) , aging multidisciplinary investigation ( ami ) ) .
setting : baseline data from two subsamples of older farmers in southwestern france.
crude and standardized prevalences ( using paquid age-sex structure ) and @percent@ confidence intervals were calculated , and logistic regression was used to explore confounding.
the health burden of osteoporosis in men is expected to increase with an aging population and increasing life expectancy.
both hip and vertebral fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in men.
clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of several treatment options available for men with osteoporosis.
moreover , clinical interventions to improve physical performance could also reduce the risk of future fractures.
bone glues often suffer from low adhesion to bone under wet conditions.
biodegradable ceramic fillers are added to adjust the paste workability.
old adults also performed tests of balance and walking endurance.
old adults had greater variability of peak velocity during the knee extensor , but not during the elbow flexor fatiguing task.
the health status of older people is frequently complicated by one or more chronic diseases.
some conditions might have a different meaning in certain groups of elderly subjects , like in frail people or older patients with heart failure.
cut-off values defining these conditions may require adjustment in such groups.
therefore , different cut-off values may be needed in some groups of older subjects.
the pathophysiological mechanisms for these paradoxical situations need to be understood in at least two different ways , causal and non-causal.
haemoglobin concentration may need a different cut-off in heart failure for a reason other than paradox.
namely , underlying iron deficiency itself , both in those with or without anaemia , can have effects on symptoms and quality of life.
further studies will be needed for re-defining cut-off values in heart failure and maybe in the other chronic illnesses.
background : heart failure ( hf ) is the most common diagnosis in hospitalized patients older than @number@ years of age.
although these patients often need specialist-directed palliative care , < 10% ever receive these services.
this may be due to a lack of evidence examining the benefits of palliative care for these patients.
results : of the journals reviewed , fewer than @percent@ of their publications related to palliative care.
less than @percent@ of hf-related sessions in conference proceedings mentioned palliative care.
of the nih's $ 45 billion directed to hf research , only $ 14 million ( @percent@ ) was spent on palliative care research.
without these improvements , the ability to deliver high-quality specialist palliative care to patients with hf and their families will remain severely limited.
aging is associated with reductions in gray matter volume and cortical thickness.
one factor that may play a role in mitigating age-associated brain decline is cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) .
cognitive status was operationalized with the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) scale.
gepci quantitative metrics characterizing tissue cellular integrity in the hippocampus demonstrated much stronger correlations with psychometric tests than the hippocampal atrophy.
importantly , gepci-determined changes in the hippocampal tissue cellular integrity were detected even in the hippocampal areas not affected by the atrophy.
there is information indicating that the variations induced by the menstrual cycle may influence the capacity of young women to respond to stress.
the second objective was to investigate the consequences of behavior on the self-regulatory systems.
no differences in heart rate reactivity between three groups were found.
in post-menopausal women , behaviors that reflect active coping strategies were related to better autonomic regulation.
by contrast , in pre-menopausal women , cortisol changes seemed to be modulated by passive and reactive behaviors such as submission and assertion.
these results emphasize the importance of considering age and hormonal status in coping processes , including reactivity and recovery from stressful situations.
invasive aspergillosis ( ia ) is a serious hazard to high-risk haematological patients.
there are increasing reports of azole-resistant aspergillus spp.
this study assessed the epidemiology of ia and azole-resistant aspergillus spp. in patients with acute leukaemia in germany.
a prospective multicentre cohort study was performed in german haematology / oncology centres.
cases were documented into a web-based case report form , and centres provided data on standards regarding prophylactic and diagnostic measures.
clinical isolates were screened centrally for azole resistance and , if applicable , underlying resistance mechanisms were analysed.
the incidence of ia was @percent@ among @number@ aml patients and @percent@ among @number@ all patients.
mortality at day @number@ was @percent@ ( 49 / 145 ) and attributable mortality was @percent@ ( 39 / 145 ) .
a total of @number@ clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates were collected during the study period.
two episodes of azole-resistant ia ( @percent@ ) were caused by a tr / l98h mutation in the cyp51a gene.
with only two cases of ia due to azole-resistant a. fumigatus , a change of antifungal treatment practices in germany does not appear warranted currently.
functional studies in fibroblasts from affected subjects showed both an apparently complete loss of mdh2 levels and mdh2 enzymatic activity close to null.
lentiviral complementation with wild-type mdh2 cdna restored mdh2 levels and mitochondrial mdh activity.
additionally , introduction of the three missense mutations from the affected subjects into saccharomyces cerevisiae provided functional evidence to support their pathogenicity.
disruption of the krebs cycle is a hallmark of cancer , and mdh2 has been recently identified as a novel pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma susceptibility gene.
we show that loss-of-function mutations in mdh2 are also associated with severe neurological clinical presentations in children.
the blood-brain barrier is an interface between the circulation and brain.
the coordinated function of different cell types and the regulated expression of molecular systems make possible the functionality of blood-brain barrier.
although the physiological aging is accompanied by morphological changes , the dysfunction of membrane transporters could also lead to neurodegenerative disorders.
structure , function and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the possibilities to cross it , are presented.
orv.
hetil. , @number@ 157 ( @number@ ) , 2019-2027.
a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents can induce dna damage and lead to genomic instability.
ros can also lead to lipid peroxidation , whose byproducts can also react with dna to produce exocyclic dna lesions.
dbs offers many advantages as a sample format including easy sample collection and cheap sample shipment.
hemoglobin adducts have been recognized as a suitable biomarker for monitoring chemical exposure.
however , the stability of these oxidation-induced modifications of hemoglobin remains unknown and whether they can be formed artifactually during storage of dbs.
to answer these questions , globin extracted from the dbs cards was analyzed , and the stability of the modifications was evaluated.
therefore , it is feasible and convenient to analyze these hemoglobin modifications from dbss in studies involving large populations.
all men received once-daily tadalafil @number@ mg or placebo.
the efficacy outcome was international prostate symptom score ( ipss ) .
all analyses were intention-to-treat.
changes from baseline to efficacy endpoint and differences in changes between treatment groups were estimated as least-squares means using analysis of covariance models.
tadalafil was not statistically significantly better than placebo in men aged ≥75 years , but effect size varied between studies.
maintenance of efficacy with tadalafil was observed across age groups.
long-term tadalafil safety data did not reveal clinically relevant differences between age groups.
limitations include exclusion of men with serious co-existing conditions and limited sample sizes of men aged ≥75 years.
the older age group had more concomitant diseases and used more drugs , which may have reduced efficacy.
the small sample size precluded uni- / multivariate analyses to assess plausible interference from confounding factors.
tadalafil had a reassuring safety profile and no evidence of increased cardiovascular aes in aging men.
the biomechanical response of the human aorta varies with axial location , but little is known about the respective variation of residual strains.
the present study provides opening angle and residual strain data throughout the course and around the circumference of the aorta harvested during autopsy.
the variation of curvature and of external but not internal residual stretch resembled that of opening angle.
extensive residual stress and wall thickness differences were evidenced among quadrants , with the more pre-stressed being also the thicker quadrants.
by contrast , curvature decreased with aging in relation to the smaller percentwise opening angle differences.
pain is common in older adults , is frequently experienced as stressful , and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
a high allostatic load is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
pain severity , based on the average intensity of frequent pain , was hypothesized to be positively associated with al.
four formulations of al were investigated.
cross-sectional data from wave @number@ ( 2008-2009 ) of the english longitudinal study of aging ( elsa ) were analyzed.
severe pain was associated with greater al defined by all four formulations.
findings indicate a positive relationship between pain severity and al.
further investigation is needed to determine if there is a specific al signature for pain that differs from other health conditions.
objective : to examine the expected public health impact , budget impact , and incremental cost-effectiveness of qiv versus tiv in the united states.
our models were informed by published data from the united states on influenza complication probabilities and relevant costs.
the incremental vaccine price of qiv as compared with that of tiv was set at us $ 5.40 per dose.
the net societal budget impact would be us $ 5.8 billion and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio us $ 27 , 411 / qaly gained.
conclusions : introducing qiv into the us immunization program may prevent a substantial number of hospitalizations and deaths.
qiv is also expected to be a cost-effective alternative option to tiv.
these associations suggest that αβ deposition is not a benign process.
the combination of aβ and tau imaging studies would likely help elucidate the relationship or interplay between the two pathologic hallmarks of the disease.
background : physicians face the challenge of individualizing aesthetic treatments in order to match the aesthetic needs of patients with their expectations.
methods : a review of the design and content of the grs and its use as part of the wider galderma harmony program.
results : the grs is used in ~500 clinics around the world.
in a small survey , physicians who have used the grs report that it has changed the way that patients are assessed and treated.
while no patient survey was conducted , anecdotal evidence suggests that patients are satisfied with the grs procedure and the outcomes of treatment.
autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival.
dysregulation has been linked to the development of various human diseases , including neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis , infection , and aging.
besides , many viruses hijack the autophagosomal pathway to support their life cycle.
the hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) , a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide , has been described to induce autophagy.
the autophagosomal pathway can be further activated in response to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
hcv impairs the nrf2 / are-dependent induction of ros-detoxifying enzymes by a so far unprecedented mechanism.
moreover , autophagy is functionally connected to the endocytic pathway as components of the endosomal trafficking are involved in the maturation of autophagosomes.
the release of hcv particles is still not fully understood.
recent studies suggest an involvement of exosomes that originate from the endosomal pathway in viral release.
in line with this , it is tempting to speculate whether hcv-dependent elevated ros levels induce autophagy to support exosome-mediated release of viral particles.
background : training programs directed to improve neuromuscular and musculoskeletal function of the legs are scarce with respect to older osteoporotic patients.
here we report on the training-related effects on neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors.
patients and methods : twenty-seven patients with an age of at least @number@ years were enrolled and randomized into control and intervention group.
the latter received supervised modified step aerobics training ( twice weekly , @number@ h per session ) over a period of @number@ months.
these changes were most probably due to neural and muscular adaptations.
conclusion : it is worthwhile to investigate efficacy of this training program in a large randomized trial.
however , a detailed neuromuscular assessment appears feasible only in a subset of participants.
patients with the main clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) manifest varying degrees of brain atrophy beyond that of normal aging.
assessment of atrophy helps to distinguish clinically and cognitively deteriorating patients and predicts those who will have a less-favorable clinical outcome over the long term.
atrophy can be measured from brain mri scans , and many technological improvements have been made over the last few years.
despite this , the measurement of atrophy in routine clinical practice remains an unmet need.
important physiologic factors that affect brain volume measures are also considered.
objective : to examine whether long-term measures of cortisol predict alzheimer disease ( ad ) risk.
method : we used a prospective longitudinal design to examine whether cortisol dysregulation was related to ad risk.
participants were from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging ( blsa ) and submitted multiple 24-hour urine samples over an average interval of @time@ .
urinary free cortisol ( ufc ) and creatinine ( cr ) were measured , and a ufc / cr ratio was calculated to standardize ufc.
cox regression was used to assess whether ufc / cr measures predicted ad risk.
elevated ufc / cr level and elevated ufc / cr variability were related to a @number@.31- and @number@.38-times increase in ad risk , respectively.
objectives : we explore the culturally specific meaning of successful aging in singapore , an ethnically diverse city-state in asia.
we aim to investigate lay perceptions of successful aging among the elderly individuals in singapore and further examine variations of these perceptions.
methods : we applied a mixed-method research design.
firstly , we conducted qualitative interviews with @number@ elderly respondents , generating @number@ main subjective components of successful aging.
we used the regression models and latent class analysis to analyze the correlatives of successful aging and to classify the elderly individuals by perception types.
results : among @number@ components of successful aging , those related to self-sufficiency received the highest acknowledgment among the elderly individuals in singapore.
at least half of them simultaneously highlighted independence from family and dependence on family.
malays and indians in singapore valued more of the roles of spouse and children in successful aging , as compared with chinese.
the latent class analysis classified four groups of the elderly individuals according to their lay views on successful aging.
these lay perceptions also significantly varied among these elderly individuals.
glucagon levels are classically suppressed after glucose challenge.
it is still not clear as to whether a lack of suppression contributes to hyperglycemia and thus to the development of diabetes.
glucagon levels were measured during ogtt in a total of @number@ individuals without diabetes in three large european cohorts.
longitudinal changes in glucagon suppression were investigated in @number@ participants undergoing a lifestyle intervention.
deep fat compartments and facial bones lose volume during the natural aging process.
for the most natural-looking results , deep volumetric injections at strategic sites are therefore preferred.
supraperiosteal placement is performed with a sharp needle or a non-traumatic cannula.
a secondary objective was to analyze the safety profiles of both injection techniques.
results : the non-traumatic cannula technique resulted in product being confined to the deep anatomic layers.
in contrast , with the sharp needle technique , material was placed in multiple anatomic layers , from the periosteum to more superficial skin layers.
for both techniques results were consistent for all facial sites.
conclusions : although direct extrapolation from cadavers to the in vivo situation cannot be made , cannulae showed more precision in placement of product.
in particular , it is not known whether inhibition of pcsk9 has any effects on very low-density lipoprotein or intermediate-density lipoprotein ( idl ) metabolism.
inhibition of pcsk9 also results in reductions of plasma lipoprotein ( a ) levels.
methods : eighteen ( @number@ f , @number@ mol / l ) participants completed a placebo-controlled , 2-period study.
they received @number@ doses of placebo , @number@ weeks apart , followed by @number@ doses of @number@ mg of alirocumab , @number@ weeks apart.
in @number@ participants , postprandial triglycerides and apob48 levels were measured.
results : alirocumab reduced ultracentrifugally isolated ldl-c by @percent@ , ldl-apob by @percent@ , and plasma lp ( a ) by @percent@.
the fall in ldl-apob was caused by an @percent@ increase in ldl-apob fcr and a @percent@ reduction in ldl-apob pr.
the latter was due to a @percent@ increase in idl-apob fcr coupled with a @percent@ decrease in conversion of idl to ldl.
the fcr of apo ( a ) tended to increase ( @percent@ ) without any change in apo ( a ) pr.
alirocumab had no effects on fcrs or prs of very low-density lipoproteins-apob and very low-density lipoproteins triglycerides or on postprandial plasma triglycerides or apob48 concentrations.
conclusions : alirocumab decreased ldl-c and ldl-apob by increasing idl- and ldl-apob fcrs and decreasing ldl-apob pr.
these results are consistent with increases in ldl receptors available to clear idl and ldl from blood during pcsk9 inhibition.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct01959971.
linear ablation lesions are created within the mitral isthmus for the invasive treatment of left atrial arrhythmias.
however , the anatomy of this region is not fully understood.
two hundred autopsied , non-atrial fibrillation hearts ( @percent@ deriving from females ) whose donors were a mean of @number@.6±17.6years old were investigated.
we macroscopically assessed the anatomy of the postero-inferior area of the lateral left atrial wall.
the laa isthmus was longer in hearts with a common left pulmonary vein ( p = .037 ) .
in @percent@ of all cases the area between the right and left mitral isthmus lines was completely smooth.
the laa isthmus line was smooth in @percent@ of all cases , with only small crevices in the remaining @percent@.
in conclusion , regardless of the anatomical variants of the left-sided pulmonary veins , the mitral isthmus area is quite uniform in size.
the laa isthmus is considerably shorter than the mitral isthmus.
the mitral isthmus line has many unwanted structures that may entrap the catheter , which is not the case for the laa isthmus.
we proposed the laa isthmus line for potential clinical use.
background : the aging process affects the skin , muscle , and fat of the eyes in a different manner.
their individual rejuvenation would require specific surgical treatments according to their particular demands.
results : the mean age of the @number@ patients was @number@ years.
from the estimated linear mixed model , we observed a significant effect of the presence of the flap ( p-value < @number@ ) .
all the patients treated with the orbicularis oculi flap ( group a ) showed a cranial movement of the lower eyelid , although only minimally.
all the patients treated without the muscle flap ( group b ) showed a caudal movement of the lower eyelid.
in total , @percent@ of the eyes in group b showed a positive variation of > 10%.
conclusion : the study suggests that the anchorage of the orbicularis muscle flap to the upper orbital rim reinforces the lower eyelid's anterior lamellae.
this guideline shall help physicians to advise and treat patients exposed indoors to mold.
in comparison to other environmental allergens , the sensitizing potential of molds is estimated to be low.
recent studies show a prevalence of sensitization of 3-10% in the total population of europe.
the evidence for associations to mucous membrane irritation and atopic eczema ( manifestation , progression , exacerbation ) is classified as limited or suspected.
the risk of infections from indoor molds is low for healthy individuals.
only molds that are capable to form toxins can cause intoxications.
the environmental and growth conditions and especially the substrate determine whether toxin formation occurs , but indoor air concentrations are always very low.
in the case of indoor moisture / mold damages , everyone can be affected by odor effects and / or impairment of well-being.
predisposing factors for odor effects can be given by genetic and hormonal influences , imprinting , context and adaptation effects.
predisposing factors for impairment of well-being are environmental concerns , anxieties , conditioning and attributions as well as a variety of diseases.
for the treatment of mold infections , it is referred to the awmf guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillus infections.
regarding mycotoxins , there are currently no validated test methods that could be used in clinical diagnostics.
from the perspective of preventive medicine , it is important that mold damages cannot be tolerated in indoor environments.
a novel peptide-mediated sirna transfection approach was used to inhibit nox4 expression with minimal cellular toxicity.
sex differences and the differences in the method of categorizing depressive symptoms may contribute to the inconsistencies.
ninety women and @number@ men developed amci during follow-up.
conclusion : results indicate that mild depressive symptoms in men and moderate / severe symptoms in women may represent a marker for future cognitive impairment.
methods : we conducted a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study with a societal perspective.
by far the most important cost item is the cost of institutional care : about @percent@ of the costs.
conclusions : the societal costs of dementia are very high.
the cost per person with dementia has decreased somewhat , mainly because of de-institutionalisation.
the majority of the costs occur in the social care sector , but the costing of informal care is crucial for the cost estimates.
homologous recombination ( hr ) is necessary to counteract dna replication stress.
common fragile site ( cfs ) loci are particularly sensitive to replication stress and undergo pathological rearrangements in tumors.
at these loci , replication stress frequently activates dna repair synthesis in mitosis.
this mitotic dna synthesis , termed midas , requires the mus81-eme1 endonuclease and a non-catalytic subunit of the pol-delta complex , pold3.
here , we examine the contribution of hr factors in promoting midas in human cells.
we report that rad51 and brca2 are dispensable for midas but are required to counteract replication stress at cfs loci during s-phase.
in contrast , midas is rad52 dependent , and rad52 is required for the timely recruitment of mus81 and pold3 to cfss in early mitosis.
our results provide further mechanistic insight into midas and define a specific function for human rad52.
furthermore , selective inhibition of midas may comprise a potential therapeutic strategy to sensitize cancer cells undergoing replicative stress.
aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases.
similarly , expression of oskm in vivo improves recovery from metabolic disease and muscle injury in older wild-type mice.
the amelioration of age-associated phenotypes by epigenetic remodeling during cellular reprogramming highlights the role of epigenetic dysregulation as a driver of mammalian aging.
establishing in vivo platforms to modulate age-associated epigenetic marks may provide further insights into the biology of aging.
metformin has utility in cancer prevention and treatment , though the mechanisms for these effects remain elusive.
we demonstrate that biguanides inhibit growth by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory capacity , which restrains transit of the raga-ragc gtpase heterodimer through the npc.
nuclear exclusion renders ragc incapable of gaining the gdp-bound state necessary to stimulate mtorc1.
biguanide-induced inactivation of mtorc1 subsequently inhibits growth through transcriptional induction of acad10.
this ancient metformin response pathway is conserved from worms to humans.
this pathway provides a unified mechanism by which metformin kills cancer cells and extends lifespan , and illuminates potential cancer targets.
paperclip.
down syndrome is caused by partial or complete triplication of genes located on chromosome @number@
its incidence increases dramatically with the age of women.
a literature review is provided here.
background : aging and increasing comorbidity is changing the end-of-life experience of people living with hiv ( plhiv ) in the developed world.
we identified plhiv using a validated algorithm.
results : we observed @number@ eligible deaths , @number@ of whom had hiv.
greater involvement of community-based palliative care may improve the dying experience for this complex population.
however , this regimen is laborious , requiring trained personnel to open / close the chest tube @number@ times daily for @number@ days.
we present our observational data using a simplified regimen of coadministered tpa / dnase.
patient demographics , pleural fluid , radiologic and treatment characteristics , and outcomes were collected.
data are presented as proportions and percentages.
our primary outcome was successful treatment without need of surgery and discharge home alive.
secondary outcomes were dose and length of treatment and hospital stay , treatment complications , and 90-day mortality.
results : the study included @number@ patients.
all pleural effusions were loculated , @percent@ macroscopically purulent , @percent@ had a positive organism in gram stain , and @percent@ were culture positive.
overall , @percent@ were successfully treated without need for surgery.
treatment failures occurred in 15% : 3 / 39 ( @percent@ ) received surgery ; 3 / 39 ( @percent@ ) died.
only @number@ ( @percent@ ) complication of hemorrhagic pleural effusion resolved after discontinuation of intrapleural treatment.
conclusions : our study shows intrapleural coadministration of tpa / dnase was effective and safe in management of cpee.
general purpose : to provide an overview of the assessment and management of risk factors for falls in older adults.
learning objectives / outcomes : after participating in this educational activity , the participant should be better able to : 1.
outline the components of an evidence-based falls assessment and identify risk factors for falls.2.
specify strategies to reduce falls in older adults , especially as related to maintaining skin integrity.
abstract : older adult patients may present to skin and wound care clinicians with skin injuries as a result of falls.
in addition , chronic wounds associated with the patient's conditions may also increase his / her falls risk.
hence , appropriate assessment and management of the risk of falls in older adult patients are key elements of patient-centered care.
behaviorally , all participants responded faster and more accurately during the rhyme task compared to the semantic task.
moreover , older adults demonstrated higher response accuracy than younger adults during the semantic task.
these results suggest that at lower levels of task difficulty , older and younger adults engaged similar neural networks that benefited behavioral performance.
autophagy is a catabolic pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of cellular components.
proteins , lipids , and even whole organelles are engulfed in autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosome for elimination.
autophagy occurs in all cells and tissues , and it is regulated by the atg genes.
research has only begun to examine the role of autophagy in the visual system.
at the same time , an oral glucose tolerance test was administered.
there was no significant effect on acute bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of major phytochemicals.
background : suicidal ideation ( si ) and attempts are increased in huntington's disease ( hd ) , making risk factor assessment a priority.
methods : behavioral and neurological data were collected from subjects in an observational study.
subject characteristics were calculated by cag status and si.
logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics.
separate logistic regressions were used to compare si and non-si subjects.
impulsivity , assessed in a subgroup of subjects , was also associated with si ( p = @number@ ) .
hopelessness and anxiety remained significant in combined model ( p < @number@ p < @number@ respectively ) even when motor score was included.
conclusions : behavioral symptoms were significantly higher in those reporting si.
hopelessness and anxiety showed a particularly strong association with si.
risk identification could assist in assessment of suicidality in this group.
the overlapping strategy analysis was used to maximize the sample size and to provide age- and education-adjusted normative data using a logistic regression analysis.
results : internal consistency was @number@
convergent validity with the free and cued selective reminding test was moderate.
lassi-l raw scores were correlated with age and years of education , but not gender.
the area under the curve for discriminating between healthy controls and amci was @number@ and between healthy controls and mild ad was @number@
lassi-l sub-scores representing maximum storage capacity , recovery from proactive interference , and delayed recall yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy.
conclusions : the lassi-l is a reliable and valid test for the diagnosis of amci and mild ad.
the age and education influences on the performance of the test and normative data are provided.
lassi-l merits further studies to evaluate its ability to detect preclinical ad and predict progression to amci and early dementia.
the clinical phenotype was typical for ds and his intellectual disability was mild in severity.
no dementia was detected on neurological examinations.
on pib-pet scans , the patient with pt21 had lower pib standard uptake values than controls with typical ds or sporadic ad.
plasma aβ42 was lower than values for demented or non-demented adults with ds.
neuropathological findings showed only a single neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary degeneration consistent with normal aging but not ad.
cardiovascular risk factors , aging and dementia ( caide ) is a finnish population-based study.
information on type of ht was only available from 1995-1998 ( prescription register ) .
cognition was assessed in @number@ and 2005-2008.
into the early 20th century , erotic age orientation remained bound up with the classification and emancipation of what here was demarcated as urningsliebe.
ulrichs's pioneering and shifting comments on age eventually fed into his legal model of consenting adults in private.
however , the role of hmscs in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still unclear.
therefore , we aimed to characterize the genome-wide methylation and gene expression signatures and the differentiation capacity of hmscs from patients with hip fractures.
we obtained hmscs from the femoral heads of women undergoing hip replacement due to hip fractures and controls with hip osteoarthritis.
dna methylation was explored with the infinium 450k bead array.
transcriptome analysis was done by rna sequencing.
the genomic analyses revealed that most differentially methylated loci were situated in genomic regions with enhancer activity , distant from gene bodies and promoters.
also , they showed some signs of accelerated methylation aging.
objectives : the implementation of new health services is a complex process.
anticipated and experienced factors influencing the implementation , and the efficacy of the implementation process , were investigated.
findings were compared with previous research in the netherlands.
method : a qualitative multiple case study design was applied.
results : overall , few differences between countries were founded.
general barriers were : competition with existing care and welfare organizations and scarce funding.
some countries experienced improved collaborations , others had difficulties finding a socially integrated location for mcsp.
the step-by-step implementation method proved efficacious.
the aging process is associated with a decline in mitochondrial functions.
mitochondria dysfunction is involved in initiation and progression of many health problems including neuromuscular , metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
it is well known that endurance exercise improves mitochondrial function , especially in the elderly.
however , recent studies have demonstrated that resistance training lead also to substantial increases in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.
the independent variable was the number of chronic-use medicines taken by older adults , linked to eight chronic diseases investigated.
a multivariable analysis identified risk factors for polypharmacy.
results : prevalence of at least one chronic-use medicines among older adults was @percent@.
of the total number of older adults , @percent@ used at least five medications ( polypharmacy ) .
conclusions : older adults with specific diseases have risk factors for polypharmacy modifiable by actions aimed at the rational use of medicines.
a variável independente foi o número de medicamentos de uso crônico por idosos , vinculados às oito doenças crônicas investigadas.
uma análise multivariável identificou os fatores de risco para polifarmácia.
resultados : a prevalência de pelo menos um medicamento de uso crônico entre idosos foi de @percent@.
do total de idosos , @percent@ utilizavam pelo menos cinco medicamentos ( polifarmácia ) .
conclusões : idosos com doenças específicas têm fatores de risco para polifarmácia modificáveis por ações que visem o uso racional de medicamentos.
fibroblasts participate in the wound repair process through proliferation and migration as well as the synthesis of factors growth and extracellular matrix molecules.
however , cell aging and the individual himself can lead to reduction of cell functions and consequently , the ability of tissue repair.
gingival fibroblasts were isolated from six patients ( 3y ; and 3e ) and seeded in complete culture medium ( dmem ) .
data were analyzed by kruskal-wallis and the mann-whitney u tests ( a = @number@ ) .
for y cells , reduced collagen synthesis was observed at @number@ h.
no difference was observed in ros production for both cells after tnf-a exposure.
however , both cultures showed increased production of no and ccl5 in the presence of tnf-a.
functional differences and distinct responsiveness to tnf-a were observed according to patient's age.
findings were reviewed , thoroughly examined and , finally , summarized herein.
conversely , t supplementation has been suggested for depressive syndrome in young and ageing men.
to date , no clinical data have been carried out on cognitive dysfunctions employing the quoted patents in men.
in spite of the pivotal role of p53 during aging process , the knowledge of mir-194's contribution to cellular senescence is limited.
we herein sought to explore the role of mir-194 in the replicative senescence and stress-induced senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
this study aimed to assess the effect of inclusion of a pharmacist on a physician-led ward round on potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalized elderly patients.
data were collected over @number@ months pre- and post-introduction of a pharmacist to a physician-led ward round.
demographic and clinical data , including total number of medications and stopp / start criteria met , were collected.
the mean number of stopp / start criteria at each time-point was compared for pre- and post-introduction of a pharmacist using a mann-whitney u-test.
the mean number of criteria for each time-point within each group was compared using a paired student's t-test.
results and discussion : the demographic characteristics of the participants in the pre- and post-intervention groups were similar.
background : hospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities ( snfs ) are common.
previous research has not examined how assessments of avoidable readmissions differ between hospital and snf perspectives.
objectives : to determine the percentage of readmissions from post-acute care that are considered potentially avoidable from hospital and snf perspectives.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : one academic medical center and @number@ snfs.
participants : we included patients from a quality improvement trial aimed at reducing hospital readmissions among patients discharged to snfs.
rcas reported avoidability and factors contributing to readmissions.
results : the 30-day unplanned readmission rate to the index hospital from snfs was @percent@ ( @number@ hospital readmissions of @number@ discharges ) .
of the readmissions , @number@ had rca from both the hospital and snf.
the percentage of readmissions rated as potentially avoidable was @percent@ and @percent@ according to hospital and snf staff , respectively.
hospital and snf ratings of potential avoidability agreed for @percent@ ( @number@ of the @number@ readmissions ) , but readmission factors varied between settings.
diagnostic problems and improved management of changes in conditions were the most common avoidable readmission factors by hospitals and snfs , respectively.
conclusion : a substantial percentage of hospital readmissions from snfs are rated as potentially avoidable.
the ratings and factors underlying avoidability differ between hospital and snf staff.
these data support the need for joint accountability and collaboration for future readmission reduction efforts between hospitals and their snf partners.
background : the anatomy of the substantia nigra on conventional mri is controversial.
even using histological techniques it is difficult to delineate with certainty from surrounding structures.
subsequently brains were cut and stained with luxol fast blue , perls stain , and immunohistochemistry for substance p and calbindin.
once the anatomy was defined on histology the dimensions and volume of the substantia nigra were determined on high field magnetic resonance images.
results : the anterior border of the substantia nigra was defined by the crus cerebri.
in the medial half it was less distinct due to the deposition of iron and the interdigitation of white matter and the substantia nigra.
the posterior border was flanked by white matter bridging the red nucleus and substantia nigra and seen as hypointense on spin-echo magnetic resonance images.
within the substantia nigra high signal structures corresponded to confirmed nigrosomes.
these were still evident in parkinson's disease but not in progressive supranuclear palsy.
the volume and dimensions of the substantia nigra were similar in parkinson's disease and controls , but reduced in progressive supranuclear palsy.
all subjects were performed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning.
the alff method was applied to evaluate spontaneous brain activity.
the relationships between the alff signal values in different brain regions and clinical features in mb patients were investigated using correlation analysis.
however , there was no linear correlation between the mean alff signal values in brain regions and clinical manifestations in mb patients.
meanwhile , these brain activity changes might be used as a useful clinical indicator for mb.
during aging , uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation in the uterus results in endometrial hyperplasia and / or cancer development.
the mtor signaling pathway is one of the major regulators of aging as suppression of this pathway prolongs lifespan in model organisms.
genetic alterations in this pathway via mutations and / or amplifications are often encountered in endometrial cancers.
however , the exact contribution of mtor signaling and uterine aging to endometrial pathologies is currently unclear.
this study examined the role of mtor signaling in uterine aging and its implications in the development of endometrial hyperplasia.
the hyperplastic endometrium of both postmenopausal women and aged mice exhibited elevated mtor activity as seen with increased expression of the ps6 protein.
analysis of uteri from pten heterozygous and pten overexpressing mice further confirmed that over-activation of mtor signaling leads to endometrial hyperplasia.
pharmacological inhibition of mtor signaling using rapamycin treatment suppressed endometrial hyperplasia in aged mice.
furthermore , treatment with mtor inhibitors reduced colony size and proliferation of a pten negative endometrial cancer cell line in 3d culture.
collectively , this study suggests that hyperactivation of the mtor pathway is involved in the development of endometrial hyperplasia in aged women and mice.
two decades of epidemiological research shows that silent cerebrovascular disease is common and is associated with future risk for stroke and dementia.
it is the most common incidental finding on brain scans.
there were no randomized controlled trials targeted specifically to participants with silent cerebrovascular disease to prevent stroke.
primary stroke prevention is indicated in patients with silent brain infarcts , white matter hyperintensities , or microbleeds.
uvb wavelengths of light induce the formation of photoproducts in dna that are potentially mutagenic if not properly removed by the nucleotide excision repair machinery.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a well-known age-related disease.
however , much less recognized has been the aging associated pathogenesis of this disorder.
senescent cells acquire a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
many genotoxic chemotherapies target proliferating cells nonspecifically , often with adverse reactions.
in accord with prior work , we show that several chemotherapeutic drugs induce senescence of primary murine and human cells.
these findings suggest that senescent cells can cause certain chemotherapy side effects , providing a new target to reduce the toxicity of anticancer treatments.
significance : many genotoxic chemotherapies have debilitating side effects and also induce cellular senescence in normal tissues.
the senescent cells remain chronically present where they can promote local and systemic inflammation that causes or exacerbates many side effects of the chemotherapy.
cancer discov ; 7 ( @number@ ) ; 165-76. ©2016 aacr.this article is highlighted in the in this issue feature , p. @number@
critically , older adults who maintained negative modulation to difficulty showed higher task accuracy.
further , individuals who showed greater coupling between positive and negative modulation performed better on a fluid reasoning task.
here we introduce a multivariate framework for characterising longitudinal changes in structural mri using dynamical systems.
structural brain states follow intrinsic dynamics according to a linear system with additional inputs accounting for potential driving forces of brain development.
because effects of developmental factors might be region-specific , the sensitivity of each roi to contributions of each factor is explicitly modelled.
this approach accounts for repeated measures in typical mri studies of development and aging.
model inversion and posterior distributions are obtained using earlier established variational methods enabling bayesian evidence-based comparisons between various models of structural change.
in particular , we model volumetric changes in @number@ bilateral rois , which cover large portions of cortical and subcortical gray matter.
human neurons are functional throughout a healthy adult lifespan , yet the mechanisms that maintain function and protect against neurodegenerative processes during aging are unknown.
here we show that protein oxidative and glycoxidative damage significantly increases during human brain aging , with a breakpoint at @number@ years old.
this trajectory is coincident with a decrease in the content of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex i-iv.
substantial variability is associated with laboratory measurement of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25 ( oh ) d ] .
the resulting chaos impedes development of consensus 25 ( oh ) d values to define stages of vitamin d status.
importantly , vdsp developed protocols for standardizing 25 ( oh ) d values from prior research based on availability of stored serum samples.
these examples underscore the challenges ( perhaps impossibility ) of developing vitamin d guidelines using unstandardized 25 ( oh ) d data.
retrospective 25 ( oh ) d standardization can be applied to old studies where stored serum samples exist.
subsequent work could focus on defining inadequacy.
finally , examples reported here highlight the importance of suspending publication of meta-analyses based on unstandardized 25 ( oh ) d results.
we hypothesized that sarcopenia , as measured by preoperative computerized tomography ( ct ) scan , predicts mortality and morbidity in emergent laparotomy.
the influence of this total psoas area ( tpa ) on postoperative morbidity and mortality was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis.
results : of @number@ surgeries , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had appropriate preoperative ct scans.
because tpa is readily available at no additional risk or cost , it is a convenient additional tool for preoperative risk assessment and counseling.
background : great heterogeneity exists in survival and the interval between onset of motor symptoms and dementia symptoms across synucleinopathies.
we aimed to identify genetic and pathological markers that have the strongest association with these features of clinical heterogeneity in synucleinopathies.
these samples were graded on an ordinal scale and genotyped for variants associated with synucleinopathies.
funding : us national institutes of health ( national institute on aging and national institute of neurological disorders and stroke ) .
as average life expectancy increases there is a greater focus on health-span and , in particular , how to treat or prevent chronic age-associated diseases.
molecular technologies and machine-learning methods have already yielded diagnostics that help guide cancer treatment and cardiovascular procedures.
introduction : no data are available for normative values of cutaneous threshold and spatial discrimination in the feet.
we developed clinically applicable reference values in relation to the nerve distributions of the feet.
methods : we determined foot sensation in @number@ healthy individuals.
results : there was a significant age-dependent increase in s1pd , s2pd , and m2pd values ( p < @number@ ) .
no significant differences were found between both feet.
s1pd values differed up to @number@ g between genders.
there were no significant differences between genders for s2pd and m2pd measurements.
m2pd values were generally lower than s2pd values.
muscle nerve 56 : 399-407 , @number@
viscolin , an extract of viscum coloratum , has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against harmful stimuli.
furthermore , viscolin pre-treatment significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia of an endothelial-denuded femoral artery in vivo.
taken together , viscolin attenuated pdgf-bb-induced hasmc proliferation in vitro and reduced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo.
thus , viscolin may represent a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
hypertensive disorder can cause cardiac deformities.
elastic characteristic parameters , like young's modulus of elasticity ( e ) derived from a traditional cylindrical model , increase significantly with aging.
however , the geometric and component changes of aging hearts because of chronic hypertension remain unknown.
to better describe the effects , we propose an elliptical elastic and mathematical model to evaluate myocardial stiffness.
we found different directions of cardiac remodeling with normotensive and hypertensive loads.
different from the longitudinal and circumferential strain , e and poisson's ratio ( υ ) are values that directly present the rigidity of myocardium.
telomerase is expressed in early human development and then becomes silenced in most normal tissues.
the change in epigenetic status correlates with altered expression of tert and genes near to tert , indicating a change in chromatin.
an increase in septicemia visit rate after @number@ was observed in all age groups.
an apc model indicated a reversal increasing period effect , which increased prominently from @number@ to @number@ in both males and females.
the age effect showed an increasing trend.
the cohort effect tended to show a slight oscillation from @number@ to @number@
furthermore , it is well known that aging is a relevant risk variable for infectious diseases.
the present study concludes that the aged population exhibited a strong increasing future trend for septicemia-related ed visit rates.
background : near-falls are a frequent , but not commonly studied , occurrence in the elderly black population and may be related to prospective falls.
the number of near-falls during the past year was self-reported using the elderly falls screening test.
the rapid assessment of physical activity was used to assess aerobic and anaerobic activity levels.
backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors of near-falls.
results : a total of @number@ elderly black adults took part in the study.
prevalence of occasional or frequent near-falls was @percent@.
this article provides an overview of social , biological , psychological , and cultural factors that contribute to african american women's health.
attention is directed to cultural factors that are both protective and risky for african american women's health.
this article addresses this need and offers recommendations for translating science in this area into meaningful population level impact.
intercoder reliability was moderately high for both percent agreement and cronbach's kappa.
a similar positive pattern of results was obtained for the analysis of coder drift.
participants were instructed to first relive a personal memory that was characterized by either anger or sadness and to subsequently think aloud about this memory.
( psycinfo database record we examined framing effects on exploratory decision-making.
we conducted a qualitative study on retirement preparedness among middle-aged and older low-income hispanics in los angeles.
data were derived from four focus groups conducted in the greater los angeles area.
findings demonstrate how behavioral and cultural factors-family experiences , religiosity , and denial of retirement-explain the lack of savings and preparedness for retirement.
findings also indicate that the majority of participants want to be economically independent and to keep working until they are unable to do so.
participants helped their parents financially but did not feel comfortable asking their own children for help.
instead , participants placed their survival in retirement \ "in god's hands. \ "
results : results showed a significant three-way interaction effect among exergaming , play type , and age group on older adults ' psychosocial well-being.
there was a significant decline in social anxiousness and an increase in sociability for young-old participants playing with youths.
the sociability improved significantly for old-old participants playing with their peers.
there was also a significant decrease in loneliness after exergaming , but little differences were found across different play types or age groups.
asd , however , is not confined to child and adult psychiatry.
according to the experts , older patients with asd , form a specific group in psychiatry.
being old or having alcohol use disorders are two unfavorable conditions for receiving help or optimal care.
when these two conditions are associated , professionals are even less attracted to work with old alcoholics.
a double analysis of the collected speech was manually performed , then computerized by the alceste® software.
this qualitative research , may have indirectly selected the most favorable agents concerned by the issue : those who agreed to answer.
despite all these negative precedents , care is possible and develops itself in daily practice.
the concept of social cognition refers to a set of skills and to emotional and social experiences regulating relationships between individuals.
this concept is appropriate in order to help us to explain individual human behaviours and behaviours in groups.
social cognition involves social knowledge , perception and processing of social cues , and the representation of mental states.
the concept of social cognition thus refers to a multitude of skills.
this paper stops on several of them , namely theory of mind , empathy , moral reasoning , emotional processing and emotional regulation.
we propose a conceptual approach to each of these skills also stopping on their cerebral underpinnings.
we also make an inventory of knowledge about the effects of age and neurodegenerative diseases on social cognition.
the positive effects of these games have also been demonstrated on physical health ( e.g. improvement of balance and gait ) .
video gamed-based interventions may also alleviate mood or behavioral disorders , and increase interactions with friends , family , caregivers or other patients.
the epileptic syndromes , notably the temporal lobe epilepsy , frequently include memory disturbances.
these memory disturbances may occur during seizures , i.e. ictal memory disturbances , or between seizures , i.e. interictal memory disturbances.
two atypical clinical epileptic syndromes should be pointed out in the elderly : the transient epileptic amnesia and the epileptic pseudodementia.
both represent potentially reversible memory disturbances and have a treatment based on antiepileptic drugs.
transient epileptic amnesia ( tea ) is a subtype of medial temporal lobe epilepsy with late onset.
tea is characterized by recurrent episodes of acute transient amnesia lasting less than one hour.
the main differential diagnosis is transient global amnesia ( tga ) .
conversely to tga , tea have a shorter duration , is recurrent but have a clear-cut response to antiepileptic drugs.
interictal memory disturbances consist of autobiographic memory disorders and long term forgetting.
epileptic pseudodementia is a pure disturbance of verbal episodic memory , stable over time.
it is due to very frequent and recurrent subtle temporal lobe seizures.
response to antiepileptic drugs is less evident.
changes in body composition , including a decrease in muscle and bone mass , accompany aging.
analyse the influence of lean mass on bone mineral density , related to physical activity , in elderly women.
@number@ women were included in this study via an osteoporosis consultation.
body composition and bone mineral density ( bmd ) measurements were performed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry methodology ( dxa ) .
the bmd was measured at the femoral neck.
each participant had a physical activity test to respond and had to perform handgrip , a four meter walk and one leg balance.
bone mineral density was signicantly associated to lean mass and one leg balance.
thus , drug dosage may require adjustment for the pediatric population to ensure the desired therapeutic outcome and to avoid side-effects.
although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the effects of age on intestinal physiology and function , significant knowledge gaps remain.
this review details the current knowledge related to developmental changes determining intestinal drug absorption and pre-systemic metabolism.
supporting experimental approaches as well as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling are also discussed together with their limitations and challenges.
copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
the comprehensive detection and delineation of these ptms is critical for drug target discovery and validation.
lysine-directed ptms including ubiquitylation , acetylation , and methylation play key regulatory roles with respect to the rates of tau turnover and aggregation.
ms-based analytical approaches have been used to gain insight into the tau lysine-directed ptm signature that is most closely associated with neurofibrillary lesion formation.
genome and epigenome editing technologies can be applied to many aspects of aging research and offer the potential to develop novel therapeutics against age-related diseases.
there is robust evidence linking interindividual differences in positive affect ( pa ) with adaptive psychological and physical health outcomes.
pa level refers to the average level of positive feelings.
in contrast , pa dynamics refer to short-term changes in pa that unfold over time.
none : hydrocephalus is a brain disorder derived from csf accumulation due to defects in csf clearance.
snx27 is a trafficking component required for normal brain function and was shown previously to suppress γ-secretase-dependent amyloid precursor protein and notch cleavage.
however , it was unclear how snx27-dependent γ-secretase inhibition could contribute to brain development and pathophysiology.
here , we describe and characterize an snx27-deleted mouse model for the ependymal layer defects of deciliation and hydrocephalus.
snx27 deficiency results in reductions in ependymal cells and cilia density , as well as severe postnatal hydrocephalus.
together , these results suggest that snx27 is essential for ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis , and its deletion can promote hydrocephalus pathogenesis.
in addition , we find that γ-secretase / notch modulation may be a candidate drug target in snx27-associated hydrocephalus such as that observed in ds.
als-like phenotypes in animal models are highly dependent on transgene dosage.
contrary to previous transgenic models , we have recapitulated als-like phenotypes without overexpression of the mutant protein.
the mutation retaining enzymatic activity ( g37r ) was phenotypically indistinguishable from controls.
we conclude that the drosophila knock-in model captures important aspects of human sod1-based als and provides a powerful and useful tool for further genetic studies.
method : the lothian birth cohort @number@ is a longitudinal study of cognitive aging.
participants were born in @number@ and most completed a mental ability test at the age of @number@ years.
we also know much more now than we did @number@ years ago about the underlying neural mechanisms of these changes.
lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments ( ifs ) with important roles in most nuclear activities , including nuclear organization and cell-cycle progression.
mutations in human lamins cause over @number@ different diseases , termed laminopathies.
mutations in lamins are also associated with the metabolic syndrome ( ms ) .
in addition , treating hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) cells with the mtor inhibitor rapamycin improves their fate.
in this review , we will discuss the ways by which lamin genes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism.
age dominates as a risk factor for human atherosclerosis , yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
in particular , we explored postural sway on a ship at sea when older adults looked at the horizon or at nearby targets.
we found that looking at the horizon significantly affected the multifractality of standing body , but did not systematically influence the spatial magnitude of sway.
we discuss the results in terms of age-related changes in the perception and control of dynamic body orientation.
background : changes in knee kinematics have been identified in the early stages of osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
principal component analysis was used to characterize and statistically compare the patterns of knee joint movement and their relationships in walking.
conclusions : it appears there are changes in knee kinematics that occur with aging.
the kinematic differences were identified for middle-aged as well as older adults suggesting midlife changes in neuromuscular physiology or behavior may have important consequences.
these kinematic measures offer the potential to identify early markers for the risk of developing knee oa with aging.
objectives : to examine the associations between absolute and relative handgrip strength ( hgs ) and physical performance.
maximum voluntary hgs was measured for the dominant hand.
physical performance was also assessed using the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
purpose : long-term cognitive impairment is a common and important problem in survivors of critical illness.
materials and methods : eligible patients met @number@ criteria.
first , they had a formal cognitive evaluation by the mayo clinic study of aging.
second , they were hospitalized in intensive care unit at our institution between @number@ and @number@
the \ "criterion standard \ " for diagnosis was formal cognitive evaluation supplemented by input from an expert neurologist.
using all available emr data , we developed and improved our algorithms in the derivation cohort and validated them in the independent validation cohort.
the automated electronic search algorithm for cognitive impairment was @percent@ sensitive and @percent@ specific.
the search algorithms for dementia achieved respective sensitivity and specificity of @percent@ and @percent@.
emr search algorithms significantly outperformed international classification of diseases codes.
context : chronic psychological stress has been associated with shorter telomeres , but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
one possibility is that the neuroendocrine responses to stress exposure are involved.
objective : to test the hypothesis that greater cortisol responsivity to acute stressors predicts more rapid telomere attrition.
design : we measured salivary cortisol responses to @number@ challenging behavioral tasks.
leukocyte telomere length was measured at the time of mental stress testing and @number@ years later.
participants : we studied @number@ initially healthy men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years.
main outcome measure : leukocyte telomere length.
the association was maintained after additional control for cardiovascular risk factors ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the difference between cortisol responders and nonresponders was equivalent to approximately @number@ years in aging.
conclusions : these findings suggest that cortisol responsivity may mediate , in part , the relationship between psychological stress and cellular aging.
rate and speed of recovery were assessed in the younger and older groups.
all the patients were also asked to fill in a specific questionnaire ( beta face scale ) .
objective : participation in the labour force with a hearing impairment presents a number of challenges.
this study describes how canadian newspapers represent workers with hearing loss.
design : taking a critical framing theory approach , thematic analysis was performed through coding relevant articles , abstracting and hierarchically categorising themes.
study sample : seven english-language canadian newspapers were searched for publications between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : the dominant framing portrays individual workers as ingenious , determined , and successful.
negative framings were predominantly generalisations to these workers as a group.
finally , we review therapeutic opportunities targeting the rage axis as a means to mitigate chronic diseases.
an aberrant oxygen environment at birth increases the severity of respiratory viral infections later in life through poorly understood mechanisms.
this was not seen in infected siblings birthed into room air.
we reported it to improve life history traits and to suppress neurodegeneration as well as induced apoptosis in drosophila.
the present study examines responses of drosophila reared on ar-supplemented food to crowding , thermal or oxidative stresses.
wild-type larvae / flies reared on ar-supplemented food survived the various cell stresses much better than those reared on control food.
therefore , besides the known anti-oxidant activity of phyllanthus emblica fruits , dietary ar also enhances cellular levels of hsp27.
the resulting better homeostasis improves life span and quality of organism's life.
prostate cancer is the most common form of non-dermatological cancer among us men , with an increasing incidence due to the aging population.
patients diagnosed with clinically localized disease identified as intermediate or high-risk are often treated by radical prostatectomy.
approximately @percent@ of these patients will suffer recurrence after surgery.
identifying patients likely to experience recurrence after radical prostatectomy would lead to improved clinical outcomes , as these patients could receive adjuvant radiotherapy.
crgs are a group of genes downstream of cooperating oncogenic mutations previously identified in a colon cancer model that are critical to the cancer phenotype.
disease-free survival times between the cohort of prostate cancers predicted to recur and predicted not to recur differed significantly ( p = @number@.38x10-6 ) .
therefore , this test allows us to accurately identify prostate cancer patients likely to experience future recurrent disease immediately following removal of the primary tumor.
the relationships between metabolite ratios and cognitive performance were analysed using spearman correlation coefficients.
results : for nec and nyc groups , glx / cr and gaba + / cr ratios were lower in nec in acc and rhp.
there was no significant decrease for gaba + / cr ratio.
purpose : cervical pain is very frequent in the general population.
in clinical practice , plain x-ray and , in selected cases , computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging , are performed.
however , the feasibility and utility of ultrasound examination have been poorly investigated.
aim of the present study was to evaluate whether ultrasound could be useful in the diagnosis of localized cervical pain.
methods : subjects suffering from posterior cervical pain without irradiation to surrounding tissues were enrolled.
results : the anatomic structures of the neck district were visualized in 124 / 127 enrolled patients and pathological features were observed in @number@
significant ultrasound differences were registered between the patients with traumatic and atraumatic onset of neck pain.
doppler ultrasound has been extensively used in detecting reno-vascular diseases , showing to be a non-invasive , safe , low cost and repeatable tool.
in addition a rri > 0.74 can predict the onset of aki in septic patients.
the mann-whitney test , analysis of variance ( anova ) , and bonferroni tests were performed for statistical analysis at @number@ level of significance.
debris scores were higher ( @percent@ increase ) on the upper tubes when compared with the lower ones , with no statistical difference.
mean frictional force ranged from @number@ to @number@ n according to the mouth quadrant , but the difference between groups was also not significant.
the influence of site specificity on the amount of debris and on frictional forces of the first molar tubes could not be demonstrated.
clinical significance : molar tubes should be cleaned , before and during sliding mechanics , in order to minimize friction.
method : internal consistency was assessed by the cronbach's α coefficient and inter-item correlations.
test-retest was carried out to test the instrument's stability.
an exploratory factor analysis with the principal components extraction method and oblimin rotation was performed to evaluate construct validity.
pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to explore associations between the scores on the hcs and cognitive function.
the mean age was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) and @number@ of the participants were women.
the cronbach's α of the hcs was @number@ and test-retest reliability was r = 0.71.
however , a forced 3-factor structure explained @percent@ of the variance.
objectives : to investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) and self-reported sleep duration.
participants : a total of @number@ @number@ individuals were selected for the analyses.
interventions : ra.
primary and secondary outcome measures : sleep duration.
conclusions : individuals with ra may be at a higher risk for sleep disturbances compared with individuals without ra.
background : facial rejuvenation in patients younger than @number@ years of age has experienced an unprecedented growth with multimodality nonsurgical and less invasive rhytidectomy techniques.
objectives : to analyze the nonsurgical treatment habits of patients prior to undergoing rhytidectomy at < 50 years of age.
results : one hundred and fifty-seven patients were surveyed.
patients had nonsurgical rejuvenation starting at an average age of @number@ years and rhytidectomy at an average age of @number@ years.
thirty-two percent of responders had injectable treatments prior to their facelift , reporting a mean of @number@ rounds of injectable treatments prior to pursuing rhytidectomy.
average expenditure on nonsurgical treatments prior to rhytidectomy was $ 7000 cumulatively.
fifty-nine percent of patients who went on to rhytidectomy did not report regret over this cost expenditure.
conclusions : patients undergoing rhytidectomy < 50 years old begin less invasive facial rejuvenation treatments at an even earlier age.
rhytidectomy surgeons should incorporate nonsurgical techniques into their practice to best serve the needs of the modern aging face patient.
participants : @number@ men and women aged @number@ years or older ( mean @number@ standard deviation @number@ ) at recruitment.
@number@ deaths were recorded during follow-up.
mortality was inversely associated with the number of occasions on which participants reported high enjoyment of life.
conclusions : this is an observational study , so causal conclusions cannot be drawn.
the wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway plays an essential role in osteoblast biology.
sclerostin is a soluble antagonist of wnt / β-catenin signaling secreted primarily by osteocytes.
current evidence indicates that sclerostin likely functions as a local / paracrine regulator of bone metabolism rather than as an endocrine hormone.
nonetheless , circulating sclerostin levels in humans often reflect changes in the bone microenvironment , although there may be exceptions to this observation.
in both rodents and humans , parathyroid hormone provided either intermittently or continuously suppresses sclerostin levels.
likewise , most evidence from both human and animal studies supports a suppressive effect of estrogen on sclerostin levels.
background : b cells undergo maturation and class-switching in response to antigen exposure and t-cell help.
early b-cell differentiation has not been defined in patients with early-onset atopic dermatitis ( ad ) .
objective : we sought to define the frequency of b-cell subsets associated with progressive b-cell maturation and ige class-switching.
serum total and allergen-specific ige ( sige ) levels were measured by using immunocap.
results : compared with adults , children showed t-cell predominance in the skin.
circulating cd19 conclusions : peripheral b and t cells are altered in pediatric patients with early ad , but t cells predominate in skin lesions.
perceptions and experiences of chronic pain in older adults have not been fully explored.
this study aimed to explore experiences and perceptions of life with chronic pain among older japanese adults in the community.
the grounded theory approach was used to identify a process model of older people's perceptions and experiences of living with chronic pain.
twenty-four people were recruited via snowball sampling.
ten participants had suffered from pain for @number@ years or more.
data were collected through semistructured , individual interviews.
responses were transcribed verbatim , coded , and clustered.
categories were integrated using the constant comparison method.
a core category-motivating oneself to resist being controlled by chronic pain-emerged from the analysis of experiences among participants with chronic pain.
flare-up pain was commonly experienced , and immobility and suffering led older adults to adopt several strategies to live with their pain.
in phase @number@ older participants adopted several strategies , such as \ "letting sleeping dogs lie \ " and \ "cutting corners. \ "
their perceptions of and behaviors toward pain were often influenced by perceptions of their aging bodies.
faculty to teach and mentor doctoral nursing students are and will continue to be in short supply.
coupled with ever-increasing resource-constricted educational environments , doctoral programs are challenged to provide high-quality education with limited resources.
the nursing education exchange ( nexus ) is a viable solution to help meet that challenge.
nexus has continued to grow since its inception in @number@
in @number@ the number of nexus schools reached @number@ with @number@ schools offering both doctor of philosophy and doctor of nursing practice courses.
currently , nexus offers over @number@ courses , organized into @number@ clusters such as gerontology and chronic illness.
recently , a collaboration between the national hartford centers of gerontological nursing excellence and nexus was formalized.
this collaboration prepares faculty to address an aging population.
human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors , but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts.
we conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of @number@ twin cohorts including @number@ complete twin pairs born 1886-1994.
background : postponing parenthood has steadily increased during the past decades in western countries.
this trend has affected the size of families in the direction of fewer children born per couple.
hence , understanding the circumstances and reflections that influence the decision is greatly needed and little is known about potential gender difference influencing the choice.
the aim was to investigate attitudes towards parenthood , intentions for childbirth and knowledge about fertility issues among men and women.
the participation rate was @percent@ , and @number@ completed the questionnaire.
knowledge about fertility issues was similar between genders including poor knowledge about the age-related decline in female fertility.
for both genders the most important prerequisite for parenthood was having a partner to share responsibility with.
perceived or experienced life changes related to parenthood were generally positive such as personal development.
conclusion : the majority of respondents wished to have children , but many desired to have these after the biological decline in female fertility.
the moderate knowledge level among both genders uncovered in this study is of concern.
future research should address the potential link between fertility knowledge and planning of parenthood.
we may benefit from intervention studies examining the effect of routine preconception care.
as a new hormone , betatrophin has gained attention as a potential new target to combat insulin resistance ( ir ) and diabetes.
thirty-two patients with pcos as well as fifty-three control subjects were enrolled after obtaining informed written consent.
clinical and biochemical parameters of all subjects were determined.
plasma adiponectin , glp-1 and betatrophin levels were measured by elisa.
plasma betatrophin levels were significantly increased in lean patients with pcos compared with lean and obese controls.
multiple regression analysis showed that homa-ir was an independent factor influencing serum betatrophin levels.
dynamics of symptoms and indicators in each group were evaluated in comparison with their data at the beginning and end of the study.
tt could be considered to be a useful tool in bph treatment.
measurements were compared at baseline and at follow-up.
linear mixed model analysis was used to measure the effect of age on rnfl thickness measurements over the @number@ years.
results : mean rnfl thickness was @number@ ± @number@ µm in @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ µm in @number@
this age-related variation should be taken into account in rnfl thickness measurements when evaluating patients for diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma.
pathophysiological mechanisms underlying alzheimer's disease ( ad ) remain insufficiently documented for the identification of accurate diagnostic markers and purposeful target discovery and development.
expert opinion : aging nhps are not complete phenocopies of human ad.
conceivably , no other species or experimental model will ever develop the full spectrum of ad-typical alterations.
nevertheless , partial - and even negative - models can increase knowledge of disease mechanisms.
modeling complex brain disorders should not be based on a single model or species.
aims : reactive oxygen species ( ros ) play a pivotal role in different pathologic conditions , including ischemia , diabetes , and aging.
we previously showed that ros enhance mir-200c expression , causing endothelial cell ( ec ) apoptosis and senescence.
moreover , the role of mir-200c on ros modulation was also investigated.
foxo1 acetylation inhibited its transcriptional activity on target genes , that is , sirt1 and the ros scavengers , catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase.
in all cases , mir-200c was higher versus control and its targets , that is , sirt1 , enos , and foxo1 , were downmodulated.
in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model , anti-mir-200c treatment rescued these targets and improved limb perfusion.
innovation and conclusion : mir-200c disrupts sirt1 / foxo1 / enos regulatory loop.
this event promotes ros production and decreases no , contributing to endothelial dysfunction under conditions of increased oxidative stress such as aging and ischemia.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 328-344.
community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
aging population , dense urbanization , and poor access to health care make the asia-pacific region vulnerable to cap.
the high incidence of cap poses a significant health and economic burden in this region.
method : groups of patients with amci and cognitively healthy control participants ( n = @number@ each ) provided short spoken and written language samples.
two samples were elicited for each modality , @number@ describing recent events and @number@ describing childhood memories.
series of neuropsychological tests were administered.
the groups were compared using t-tests and the relations between measures using correlation coefficients.
pd in these samples was related to verbal fluency and education but not to working memory.
pd in written samples did not differ between participants with amci and control participants.
conclusions : pd in spoken language reflects the cognitive decline in people with amci , but the effect is relatively mild.
the results support the existing findings that pd is related to verbal fluency.
protein translational machinery is an important component of the proteostasis network that maintains cellular proteostasis and regulates aging and other cellular processes.
ample evidence indicates that inhibition of translation initiation factor activities enhances stress resistance in model organisms.
reduced eif5b expression may disrupt proteostasis and trigger cellular processes associated with stress responses.
in this study , the physiological effects of altered eif5b expression were examined in 293t and hepg2 cells.
proteomic analysis showed that eif5b knockdown resulted in upregulation of @number@ proteins and downregulation of @number@ proteins compared with control cells.
the differentially expressed proteins were associated with diverse cellular processes including amino acid metabolism , rna processing and protein metabolism , and dna synthesis.
autonomous downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ( mapk ) signaling pathway was identified as confirmed by western blotting and qpcr.
taken together , these results suggest that eif5b silencing provides a negative feedback to deactivate mapk signaling , leading to reduced cell growth.
these findings provide a useful resource to further biological exploration of the functions of protein synthesis in regulation of proteostasis and stress responses.
theories of embodied cognition propose that perception is shaped by sensory stimuli and by the actions of the organism.
in a longitudinal study , participants trained with this belt for seven weeks in natural environment.
the fmri results suggest that training entails activity in sensory as well as higher motor centers and brain areas known to be involved in navigation.
thus , our data on physiological processes and subjective experiences are compatible with the hypothesis that new sensorimotor contingencies can be acquired using sensory augmentation.
prions are infectious proteins that cause a group of fatal transmissible diseases in animals and humans.
the scrapie isoform ( prp as the immune-competent cells of the brain , microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function.
they invade the brain early in development , transform into a highly ramified phenotype , and constantly screen their environment.
microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or change in brain homeostasis.
this activation process is highly diverse and depends on the context and type of the stressor or pathology.
they are the professional phagocytes of the brain and help orchestrate the immunological response by interacting with infiltrating immune cells.
we describe here the diversity of microglia phenotypes and their responses in health , aging , and disease.
we also review the current literature about the impact of lifestyle on microglia responses and discuss treatment options that modulate microglial phenotypes.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is regarded as a disease of accelerated lung aging.
many of these pathways are driven by chronic exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress.
there is also a reduction in antiaging molecules , such as sirtuins and klotho , which further accelerate the aging process.
copd is associated with several comorbidities ( multimorbidity ) , such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases , that share the same pathways of accelerated aging.
understanding these mechanisms has helped identify several novel therapeutic targets , and several drugs and dietary interventions are now in development to treat multimorbidity.
mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathology of parkinson's disease , an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder.
pink1 is a mitochondrial kinase that is involved in mitrochondrial quality control and promotes cell survival.
pink1 has been shown to protect against neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress.
accordingly , pink1 deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as well as increased oxidative cellular stress and subsequent neuronal cell death.
in addition , several mitochondrial chaperone proteins have been shown to be substrates of the pink1 kinase.
particular attention will be given to the molecular mechanisms proposed to explain the effects of natural compounds and / or food ingredients against oxidative stress.
knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular protection could be critical for developing treatments to prevent and control excessive progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
expansion of mesenchymal stromal / stem cells ( mscs ) used in clinical practices may be associated with accumulation of genetic instability.
understanding temporal and mechanistic aspects of this process is important for improving stem cell therapy protocols.
we found that γh2ax foci numbers increased in cells of late passages , with a sharp increase at passage 16-18.
keloids and hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative disorders ( fpds ) of the skin that result from abnormal healing of injured or irritated skin.
they can be called pathological or inflammatory scars.
common causes are trauma , burn , surgery , vaccination , skin piercing , folliculitis , acne , and herpes zoster infection.
scar severity is also shaped by interactions between these local factors and genetic and systemic factors such as hypertension and sex hormones.
notably , to evaluate scar severity , the japan scar workshop ( jsw ) has established the jsw scar scale.
the continued presence of these factors prolongs the influx of inflammatory cells and factors , thereby leading to fibroblast dysfunction.
at present , keloids are classified as strongly inflammatory scars , while hypertrophic scars are considered to be mildly inflammatory scars.
we therefore suggest that these pathological scars should be classified on the basis of the factor that causes the endothelial dysfunction.
objective : the aim was to investigate the influence of environmental exposures on hearing loss in a twin cohort.
study sample : male twins born 1914-1958 , representing an unscreened population , were tested for hearing loss at two occasions , @number@ years apart.
design : clinical audiometry and a questionnaire were performed at both time points in this longitudinal study.
noise and solvent exposure were assessed using occupational work codes and a job exposure matrix.
results : age affected all outcome measures.
lifetime occupational noise exposure was a risk factor especially for the low-frequency hearing threshold pta4.
firearm use was a statistically significant risk factor for all outcome measures.
conclusions : pre-existing hearing loss can increase the risk of hearing impairment due to occupational noise exposure.
however , limited information is known about the neuropsychological functioning of adults with chd.
this study screened neuropsychological abilities and explored group differences related to cardiac disease severity and neurological risk factors in adults with chd.
design : participants completed brief neuropsychological testing.
information about neurobehavioral and psychological symptoms , employment , education , and disability were also collected from the patient and a family member.
results : forty-eight participants with adult chd completed neuropsychological testing.
visuospatial skills and working memory were worse than expected compared to the typical population.
those with more severe heart disease were more likely to be unemployed and to receive disability benefits , but educational attainment did not differ.
those who received disability performed worse on tasks of executive functioning.
conclusions : findings suggest concerns about neuropsychological functioning that need to be more comprehensively assessed in adults with chd.
depressive symptoms are associated with increases in pain and functional limitations in knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
the aim was to determine whether depressive symptoms are also associated with greater structural knee oa progression.
four years of annual radiographic and clinical assessments from the osteoarthritis initiative were analyzed.
the center for epidemiological studies depression scale was used to identify depressive symptoms ( threshold = ≥16 ) at the baseline visit.
propensity scores were used to match participants with and without baseline depressive symptoms on multiple potential confounders.
mixed effect models were used to examine structural progression between depressed and non-depressed participants with definitive radiographic knee oa.
the findings provide no evidence that depressive symptoms have a detectable effect on changes in radiographic disease severity in knee oa.
for decades , electroencephalography ( eeg ) has been a useful tool for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying human psychological processes.
however , the amount of time needed to gather eeg data means that most laboratory studies use relatively small sample sizes.
we found that eeg power changed as a function of age , and that the age-related changes depended on sex and frequency band.
we found an overall age-related shift in band power from lower to higher frequencies , especially for females.
we also found a gradual , year-by-year slowing of the peak α frequency with increasing age.
finally , our analysis of α asymmetry revealed greater relative right frontal activity.
our results replicate several previous age- and sex-related findings and show how some previously observed changes during childhood extend throughout the lifespan.
we discuss our findings in terms of their relevance to attentional processes and brain-based models of emotional well-being and aging.
objectives : successful aging continues to be applied in a variety of contexts and is defined using a number of different constructs.
although previous reviews highlight the multidimensionality of successful aging , a few have focused exclusively on non-biomedical factors , as was done here.
results : seventy-two articles were reviewed.
thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria.
discussion : successful aging is a complex process best described using a multidimensional model.
the purpose of this article was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pae on luts related to bph.
materials and methods : a literature review was performed to identify all published articles of pae for bph.
the sources included medline , embase and cochrane library from @number@ to @number@
a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
the outcome measurements were combined by calculating the mean difference with @percent@ confidence interval.
statistical analysis was carried out using review manager @number@
results : twelve studies involving @number@ participants were included.
studies with large number of cases and longer follow-up time are needed to validate our results.
this study aimed to manage some lower gi-nms in a group of patients with pd.
a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ males , @number@ females ; mean age @number@.05±2.09 years ) were randomly selected for this study.
patients were confirmed to have pd ( modified hoehn-yars scale : @number@.075±0.4 ) who had undergone levodopa or dopamine agonist treatment.
laboratory studies , abdominal ultrasound , and upper and lower digestive endoscopies were performed to rule out organic issues.
all patients increased their water intake to @number@ l / d and alimentary fiber to 20-25 g / d.
twenty patients received trimebutine @number@ mg three times daily half an hour before meals.
however , evidence on the association between sua and arterial stiffness is limited to contradicting cross-sectional studies.
rationale : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is a biological marker of aging , and shorter ltl is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
reduced regenerative capacity has been proposed as a mechanism.
bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells are involved in tissue repair and regeneration.
objective : main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between ltl and progenitor cells and their impact on adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
circulating progenitor cells were enumerated by flow cytometry.
our results suggest that both biological aging and reduced regenerative capacity contribute to cardiovascular events , independent of conventional risk factors.
background : the success of behavioural interventions to optimize cardiovascular health is dependent on adequate cognitive functioning beginning in early life.
in this study we aimed to systematically review studies that examined associations between childhood cognition and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) events in adulthood.
literature was retrieved from embase , medline , psycinfo , and cinahl.
results : five longitudinal studies that examined links between childhood cognition and cvd in adulthood were included.
conclusions : lower childhood iq is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in adulthood , even after adjustment for confounding variables.
future research should examine the behavioural mechanisms by which these risks are mediated to optimize cardiovascular health.
crf was quantified as maximal metabolic equivalents and classified as low , moderate , and high based on traditional acls cut points.
gallbladder disease was defined as physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease.
the association was consistent across age , history of diabetes mellitus , and physical inactivity subgroups.
conclusions : crf is inversely related to the prevalence of gallbladder disease among relatively healthy men and women in the acls cohort.
cognitive assessment with virtual reality ( vr ) may have superior ecological validity for older adults compared to traditional pencil-and-paper cognitive assessment.
however , few studies have reported the development of vr tasks.
the tasks were prepared based on theoretical and clinical backgrounds.
we had @number@ non-expert judges identify virtual visual stimuli and three-dimensional scenarios , and five expert judges assisted with content analysis and developing instructions.
finally , six older persons participated in three pilot studies and thirty older persons participated in the preliminary study to identify construct validity evidence.
data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and partial correlation.
target stimuli and three-dimensional scenarios were judged adequate and the content analysis demonstrated that eco-vr evaluates temporo-spatial orientation , memory , language and executive functioning.
we made significant changes to the instructions after the pilot studies to increase comprehensibility and reduce the completion time.
the eco-vr demonstrated feasibility for cognitive assessment in older adults , as well as content and construct validity evidences.
background : chronic low-grade inflammation reflects a subclinical immune response implicated in the pathogenesis of complex diseases.
identifying genetic loci where dna methylation is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation may reveal novel pathways or therapeutic targets for inflammation.
design : prevalence , sensitivity and specificity of chinese version of hhie-s were calculated.
factors that had impact on hhie-s were analysed.
study sample : five hundred and seventy mandarin speaking participants , aged from @number@ to @number@ years were included.
they were tested with pure tone audiometry and chinese version of hhie-s.
results : the prevalence of hearing handicap was @percent@.
they are thought to contribute to cancer , aging , and neurodegenerative diseases.
it has been proposed that dna-protein cross-links formed in cells are subject to proteolytic degradation to the corresponding dna-peptide cross-links ( dpcs ) .
following transfection in human embryonic kidney cells ( hek 293t ) , progeny plasmids were recovered and sequenced.
translesion synthesis ( tls ) past dpc was @percent@ compared to that of the unmodified control.
regarding the kidney , clinical / pathological characteristics in ckd patients also coincide with those in the aging kidney.
these findings suggest common mechanisms in the development of both ckd and aging.
in addition , it is recognized that tgf-β1 plays a central role in the development of renal fibrosis.
however , tgf-β1 has also been reported to decrease expression of klotho protein.
in this report , we provide an interpretation of our new treatment strategy which involves controlling histone methylation.
cellular senescence is a multifactorial phenomenon of growth arrest and distorted function , which has been recognized as a contributor to aging.
at the same time , the participation of il-6 / il-8 ratio was determined.
our results showed that not all the eps increased mcf-7 proliferation.
however , there was an interesting relationship between il-6 and il-8 concentrations , when the il-6 was higher than il-8.
similar results were found with sasp from sips-wi-38 on the mcf-7 proliferation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurotoxic aβ in the brain parenchyma.
hypoxia caused by microvascular changes and disturbed capillary flows could stimulate this build-up of ad-specific proteins in the brain.
vascular flow disturbances were quantified using a parametric model and mapped to the mid-cortical surface for group-wise statistical analysis.
notably , rth was positively correlated with white matter hyperintensities and positively correlated with symptom severity in the patient cohort.
these correlations extended over large parts of the temporal , parietal , and frontal cortices.
e200k is the most common mutation worldwide , is associated with gjcd , and was the most common in the ucsf cohort.
among the gss-associated mutations , p102l is the most commonly reported and was also the most common at ucsf.
however , much less research has examined the inverse relationship-the contribution of chronic diseases and their treatments to the progression of aging-related phenotypes.
objectives : to ascertain whether a safe-transportation program can change driving exposure while maintaining community participation of older drivers.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : northwest sydney.
participants : drivers aged @number@ and older ( mean @number@ ± @number@ ) ( n = @number@ ) .
intervention : intervention group participated in an individualized , one-on-one safe-transportation program adapted from the knowledge enhances your safety curriculum.
a registered occupational therapist delivered the intervention in two sessions held approximately @number@ month apart.
measurements : an in-vehicle monitoring device hardwired into participants ' vehicles measured driving exposure.
community participation was measured using the keele assessment of participation.
a staging algorithm based on the precaution adoption process model measured behavior change toward increased and sustained driving self-regulation.
main outcomes were distance driven per week over @number@ months and community participation.
secondary outcomes were behavior change , depressive symptoms , and alternate transportation use.
results : participants were randomized after baseline assessment-190 each to the intervention and control groups.
one hundred eighty-three of @number@ completed the intervention and @number@ of @number@ completed the study.
at @number@ months , use of alternate transportation was similar ( between-group difference @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.4-1.6 , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : an individualized safe-transportation program can promote behavior change but did not translate to significant differences in weekly mileage after @number@ months.
longer follow-up may detect changes over time.
design : cross-sectional study based on the @number@ national health interview survey.
setting : united states.
measurements : weighted percentages were used to describe sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of the study population.
results : cancer survivors and those without a cancer diagnosis had similarly low rates of adherence to pa guidelines according to age group.
in unadjusted analyses , the age effect was statistically significant in long-term cancer survivors only.
approximately @percent@ of older cancer survivors met aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines , compared with @percent@ of middle-aged cancer survivors ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : adherence to the recommended levels of leisure-time aerobic and muscle-strengthening pa is lower in older than middle-aged cancer survivors in the united states.
greater efforts must be made to encourage and support pa participation in this population.
objectives : to examine dose / response relationships between habitual physical activity and bone health in the elderly.
design : longitudinal.
setting : community of nakanojo.
participants : community-living japanese aged @number@ to @number@ ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
measurements : daily 24-h pedometer / accelerometer data were collected continuously for @number@ years.
a quantitative calcaneal osteosonic index ( osi ) was determined annually.
purpose : a self-paced maximal exercise protocol has demonstrated higher [ formula : see text ] values when compared against traditional tests.
methods : forty-four participants ( @number@ young ; @number@ old ) completed both protocols in a randomised , counter-balanced , crossover design.
background : significantly increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney ( ckd ) disease cannot be explained by traditional risk factors.
recent studies revealed that the quality of hdl and ldl cholesterol may be more important than their serum levels.
methods : this study included @number@ esrd patients undergoing dialysis and @number@ healthy volunteers.
ldl and hdl subfractions were analysed in serum with the use of lipoprint system.
all patients had intima-media thickness ( imt ) measured.
conclusions : this study revealed that esrd influenced hdl subfractions.
in hd patients , large hdl subfractions are more abundant while small hdl fraction is more frequent in healthy persons.
it failed to show the influence of end-stage disease on ldl subfraction levels.
shift in hdl subfractions might be responsible for the increased risk of atherosclerosis in ckd patients.
aim of the review to identify studies assessing the elderly's functional ability to manage their own medication.
the final search query was run in medline / pubmed , cinahl plus , isi web of science and scopus.
the whole process was developed according to the prisma statement.
results the search retrieved @number@ records.
in each screening stage , the selection criteria were applied to eliminate records where at least one of the exclusion criteria was verified.
at the end of this selection , we obtained a total of @number@ papers ( @number@ studies ) .
the results allow the conclusion to be drawn that studies use several different instruments , most of them not validated.
the authors agree that medication management abilities decrease as cognitive impairment increases , even if a lot of studies assess only the physical dimension.
drugs was the instrument most often used.
conclusion older adults ' ability to manage their medication should be assessed using tools specifically built and validate for the purpose.
drugs ( which uses the real regimen taken by the elderly ) was the most widely used assessment instrument in the screened studies.
most studies on sensory extinction have focused on selected patients with subacute and chronic right hemisphere lesions.
in studies conducted on acute stroke patients , risk factors and time course were not evaluated.
our aim was to determine the prevalence , risk factors , and time course of sensory extinction in the acute stroke setting.
tests were repeated at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days after initial examination.
a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between sensory extinction and demographic and clinical risk factors.
seventy-three patients ( @percent@ women ) were recruited : @number@ with ischemic stroke and nine with haemorrhagic stroke.
the overall prevalence of all subtypes of sensory extinction was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
tactile extinction was the most frequent subtype with a prevalence of @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
no extinction was found beyond @number@ days after the first examination.
the insula , the putamen , and the pallidum were the brain regions most frequently involved in patients with sensory extinction.
extinction is a rare and transient phenomenon in patients with minor stroke.
the presence of pvn and lesion volume ≥2 ml are independent predictors of sensory extinction in acute stroke.
carbohydrates are essential nutrients that are used as a primary source of energy.
these include the insulin / insulin-like growth factor-1 , sterol-regulatory element-binding protein , and amp-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
we also discuss the effects of various carbohydrates and carbohydrate-derived metabolites on aging in model organisms and cultured mammalian cells.
finally , we discuss how dietary carbohydrates influence health and aging in humans.
the new template includes the majority of the fornix from the hippocampal formation to the subcallosal region and the thalamus / hypothalamus.
however , the impact of nordic walking training on sarcopenia-related parameters in women with low bone mass remains unknown.
materials and methods : the participants were @number@ women , aged 63-79 years , with osteopenia or osteoporosis.
skeletal muscle mass and other body composition factors were measured with octapolar bioimpedance inbody @number@ analyser.
knee extensor and flexor isometric muscle strength were measured using biodex system @number@ pro™ dynamometers.
this study also used a saehan digital hand dynamometer to measure handgrip muscle strength.
the timed up-and-go test was used to measure functional mobility , and the 6-minute walk test was used to measure functional performance.
this finding could be applied in clinical practice for intervention programs in women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
in addition , demographic parameters such as age , sex , chronic diseases , permanent medications , level of dependency and cognitive state were recorded.
in the intervention homes , education for caregivers was provided and ultrasound baths for denture cleaning were implemented.
additionally , multivariate models were compiled for each dental index to evaluate possible confounders.
from a clinical standpoint , it is noteworthy that the respective interventions can be easily implemented in everyday care routine.
resveratrol ( rsv ) , a phytoalexin , has shown to prevent endothelial dysfunction and reduce diabetic vascular complications and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
akt-ser473 phosphorylation , enos-ser1177 phosphorylation , and pten protein levels in the cells were detected using western blot.
to explore the impact of age on ipsc quality , we produced ipscs from blood cells of @number@ donors aged 21-100.
we find that ipscs from older donors retain an epigenetic signature of age , which can be reduced through passaging.
clonal expansion via reprogramming also enables the discovery of somatic mutations present in individual donor cells , which are missed by bulk sequencing methods.
unexpectedly , elderly donors ( > 90 yrs ) harbor fewer mutations than predicted , likely due to a contracted blood progenitor pool.
these studies establish that donor age is associated with an increased risk of abnormalities in ipscs and will inform clinical development of reprogramming technology.
the sinoatrial node ( san ) is the primary pacemaker of the heart and controls heart rate throughout life.
the purpose of the study was to determine factors related to ddt performance in a large cohort spanning the adult age range.
the free and right ear-directed recall ddts were administered using @number@ sets of triple-digit pairs with a @number@ db hl presentation level.
demographic information was self-reported.
general linear models were fit and multiple linear regression was performed.
results : the mean total free recall ddt score was @percent@ ( range = @number@ to @percent@ ) .
less than @percent@ of the participants had a total free recall score below @percent@ correct.
these @number@ factors were independently and significantly related to performance and accounted for @percent@ of the total variability in free recall scores.
conclusions : substantial variation in the total free recall ddt scores but very little variation in the right ear-directed recall ddt scores was observed.
background : ischemic arterial strokes of the ophthalmic artery and its branches and posterior cerebral artery are common causes of visual disability.
etiologies of stroke affecting the retina , optic nerve , optic radiation , and visual cortex overlap with other types of ischemic strokes.
stenosis of the internal carotid is the most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion ( crao ) .
one-fourth of patients with crao have cerebral strokes.
we report recent developments in the acute treatment and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke of relevance to clinicians who encounter patients with acute vision loss.
paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( af ) is a major cause of cryptogenic stroke with incidence expected to rise with the aging population.
since @number@ prolonged 30-day cardiac monitoring has been recommended as a part of transient ischemic attack and stroke workup in patients with cryptogenic stroke.
even longer term monitoring of @number@ months to @number@ year with external and implantable loop recorders improves rates of diagnosing af.
conclusions : endovascular therapy is now standard of care for eligible patients with anterior large vessel occlusions.
prolonged cardiac monitoring is recommended for patients with cryptogenic stroke.
the novel anticoagulants are an alternative to warfarin in patients with af.
purpose of review : calcium crystals exist in both pathological and normal articular cartilage.
the prevalence of these crystals dramatically increases with age , and crystals are typically found in osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial fluid.
relatively few studies have examined the effects of crystals on cartilage biomechanics or chondrocyte mechanotransduction.
the purpose of this review is to describe how crystals could influence cartilage biomechanics and mechanotransduction in osteoarthritis.
recent findings : crystals are found in both loaded and unloaded regions of articular cartilage.
exogenous crystals , in combination with joint motion , result in substantial joint inflammation.
articular cartilage vesicles promote crystal formation , and these vesicles are found near the periphery of chondrocytes.
this stiffness imbalance may cause crystal-induced dysregulation of chondrocyte mechanotransduction promoting both aging and osteoarthritis chondrocyte phenotypes.
future studies should focus on understanding the mechanical properties of joint crystals and developing methods to understand how crystals affect chondrocyte mechanotransduction.
it has been well established that nuclear factor kappa-b ( nf-κb ) activation is important for tumor cell growth and survival.
rela / p65 and p50 are the most common nf-kb subunits and involved in the classical nf-kb pathway.
however , the prognostic and biological significance of rela / p65 is equivocal in the field.
this study extends prior work to include all plwh and examines associations between aids , cd4 count , and age at cancer diagnosis.
we used statistical weights to adjust for population differences.
we also compared median age at cancer diagnosis by aids status and cd4 count.
conclusions : among plwh , most cancers are not diagnosed at younger ages.
in the current study , we collected observational data to investigate predictors of the quality of grandmother-grandchild interactions in zambia.
data were collected from @number@ grandmothers and their @number@ to 27-month-old infant grandchildren.
the results revealed that grandmothers with fewer children and those who enjoyed the grandparenting tasks more were more sensitive in their interactions with their grandchildren.
unexpectedly , parenting beliefs favoring sensitive parenting predicted lower observed sensitivity in grandmothers.
further , grandmothers with a more individualistic cultural orientation were more intrusive toward their grandchildren.
the results underscore the importance of time and emotional resources as predictors of sensitive parenting among grandmothers.
this study experimentally examined the affective and social consequences of emotion regulation in men and women from young adulthood to old age.
participants were instructed to reappraise , suppress , or given no instructions while recalling a negative memory about their romantic relationship.
participants were @number@ adults in a trinidadian lifespan sample.
engaging in suppression resulted in higher relationship satisfaction , particularly for women , whereas engaging in reappraisal reduced negative affect for middle-aged versus younger adults.
regardless of instructions , older adults experienced higher relationship satisfaction , higher positive and lower negative affect than younger aged adults.
neuroinflammation plays a key role in many neurodegenerative disorders , including postoperative cognitive decline ( pocd ) .
we hypothesize that down-regulation of pparγ is linked to neuroinflammation and the subsequent cognitive deficits observed in an animal model of pocd.
as expected , the pparγ agonist pioglitazone attenuated the surgery-induced inflammatory changes and rescued the associated cognitive impairment.
lower clustering values and lower degree values were specifically associated with worse mini-mental state examination scores and lower performance on the neuropsychological tests.
gm showed disease-specific alterations , when comparing bvftd with ad patients , and these alterations were associated with cognitive deficits.
acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by scaly eczematous dermatosis accompanied by alopecia and diarrhea.
various mutations in the slc39a4 gene ( zip4 ) , which encodes a zinc transporter , are responsible for this disorder.
however , the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of zip4 in the pathogenesis of this condition has yet to be established.
in this study , we report the role of zip4 in human epidermis.
zip4 is predominantly expressed in human keratinocytes , and its expression is dramatically reduced on epidermal differentiation.
abnormal lipoprotein profiles are associated with breast cancer progression.
however , the mechanisms linking abnormal lipoprotein levels to breast cancer progression , especially metastasis , remain unclear.
herein , we found that l1 and l5 subfractions of ldl and vldl , but not hdl , enhanced breast cancer cell viability.
l1 , l5 , and vldl also increased the in vitro tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in anchorage-independent soft agar assay.
l1 , l5 , and vldl increased akt ser473 phosphorylation and promoted cell migration , which were reversed by the pi3k / akt inhibitor wortmannin.
however , only vldl reduced anchorage-dependent cell death and promoted lung metastasis in nude mice.
it has been well established that the volume of several subcortical structures decreases in relation to age.
the structural complexity of ventricular structures was not more strongly related to age than volume.
these results demonstrate that considering shape-related characteristics improves sensitivity to detect age-related differences in subcortical structures.
redox reactions play a key role in maintaining essential biological processes.
deviations in redox pathways result in the development of various pathologies at cellular and organismal levels.
until recently , studies on transformations in the intracellular redox state have been significantly hampered in living systems.
the genetically encoded indicators , based on fluorescent proteins , have provided new opportunities in biomedical research.
in this review , we summarize information about all genetically encoded redox indicators developed to date.
one chapter is devoted to the important discoveries that have been made by using genetically encoded redox indicators.
disruption of the tumor-suppressive p53 network is a key event in human malignancies , including primary liver cancer.
this p53-mediated repression of gmps could be validated by immunoblotting in sk-hep1 , hepg2 , and huh6 cells.
moreover , we found gmps transcriptionally repressed in a p21-dependent manner and its repression maintained in the context of p53-mediated cellular senescence.
more important , direct knockdown of gmps by rna interference resulted in reduced cell viability and was sufficient to trigger cellular senescence.
prevention strategies are often developed from an understanding of disease pathobiology , but models of biological success may provide additional useful insights.
the @number@ metabolites are components of key metabolic pathways regulating oxidative stress , inflammation , and nitric oxide bioavailability.
these pathways may be targeted to promote successful cognitive aging.
the tank-binding kinase @number@ ( tbk1 ) gene has recently been identified as a novel causative gene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
tbk1 sequences were analyzed in @number@ consecutive patients with sals using either multigene panel or exome sequencing.
one frameshift ( c.1414dela ) and @number@ missense variants of uncertain significance in tbk1 were found in @number@ patients each.
in vitro functional studies revealed that the c.1414dela ( p.ile472serfs 8 ) variant was associated with reduced mrna expression of tbk1.
moreover , protein expression of this variant in patient-derived fibroblasts disrupted binding to autophagy adapter proteins and inhibited the function of tbk1 in hek293t cells.
in contrast , the @number@ other missense variants of uncertain significance showed normal mrna expression and no abnormalities in protein function.
in conclusion , pathogenic variants in tbk1 are rare but could be responsible for sals in a small number of korean patients.
the bmt group trained one-on-one , 3× / wk for @number@ weeks on a balance obstacle course.
the bmt + c group trained one-on-one , 3× / week for @number@ weeks on a balance obstacle course while completing cognitive tasks.
participants were instructed to stand as still as possible while verbally responding as fast as possible to the auditory cues.
no differences in postural sway or rt emerged between the bmt and bmt + c groups.
conclusion : both training groups improved rt after the interventions and sustained these improvements over @number@ weeks , but showed no reductions in postural sway.
multi-task balance training likely results in reduced attention demand.
citrulline has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts beneficial effects on various impaired functions in aging.
however , there are few data on citrulline action on immune function in aged populations.
nitric oxide ( no ) and tumor necrosis factor α ( tnfα ) production were measured in both in vivo and in vitro studies.
of the transductional pathways explored seem to be involved.
the pleiotropic effects of citrulline in aging could be due , at least in part , to the anti-inflammatory effect of citrulline.
none : traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a widespread cause of neurologic disability , with > 70% of cases being mild in severity.
magnetic resonance imaging provides objective biomarkers in the diagnosis of brain injury by detecting brain lesions resulting from trauma.
@percent@ of tbi subjects were classified as mild.
this younger group , which contained few age-related lesions , also demonstrated that subcortical lesions on flair are more specific for tbi than deeper lesions.
herpes simplex virus @number@ has to overcome skin or mucosa barriers to infect its human host.
the impact of the various barrier functions on successful viral invasion is not known.
on ex vivo infection of murine skin , we observed efficient invasion only via the basal epidermal layer when the dermis was removed.
here , we investigated how wounding and intercellular junction formation control successful viral entry.
after wounding of skin samples or removal of the stratum corneum , infected cells were rarely detected.
when we infected human skin equivalents , we observed entry only into unstratified keratinocytes or after wounding of fully stratified cultures.
reduced infection of keratinocytes after calcium-induced stratification confirmed the impact of junction formation.
to assess the effect of functional tight junctions , stratified cultures of polarity regulator partitioning-defective-3- or e-cadherin-deficient keratinocytes were infected.
the study was run in a sample of older adults aged 55-87 , taking advantage of the high amount of hippocampal variability present in aging.
we replicated the functional reactivation of sts during the preview period , specific to scenes previously paired with faces.
crucially , we also found that this phenomenon is correlated with structural hippocampus integrity.
both sts reactivation and hippocampal structure predicted subsequent recognition performance.
abnormal articulation rate is a frequent symptom in neurogenic speech disorders.
however , theoretical arguments and behavioral observations in populations with disordered speech indicate that different oral motor behaviors may be governed by distinct mechanisms.
@number@ patients with neurological movement disorders of different origins and @number@ neurologically healthy subjects participated in the study.
the main analyses involved a multiple single-case method , by which we tested for differences among each patient's performance rates on the three task types.
the findings can be interpreted as reflecting major differences in task demands and underlying control mechanisms.
the validity of diagnostic indices for speech obtained from speech-like or nonspeech tasks must thus be called into question.
the effects of age and gender on the regional distribution of those properties were examined.
tissue properties did not differ ( p > 0.05 ) between the left and right ureter.
numerous studies have found both common and rare genetic variants in the complement pathway to play a role in the pathogenesis of amd.
finally , we discuss the relevance of this work in light of ongoing clinical trials that study the effectiveness of complement inhibitors against amd.
aging involves a progressive decline of metabolic function and an increased incidence of late-onset degenerative disorders and cancer.
to a large extent , these processes are influenced by alterations affecting the integrity of genome architecture and , ultimately , its phenotypic expression.
despite the progress made towards establishing causal links between genomic and epigenomic changes and aging , mechanisms underlying metabolic dysregulation and age-related phenotypes remain obscure.
here , we present a model linking genome-wide changes and their age-related phenotypic consequences via the alteration of macromolecular complexes and cellular networks.
background : previous studies have examined an association between sleep duration and hypertension , but the conclusions remain inconsistent.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study in a community-based rural elderly population of beijing , china.
a total of @number@ participants ( @number@ male and @number@ female ) completed the survey.
sleep duration was assessed in a face-to-face interview and was self-reported.
multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between gender-specific sleep duration and hypertension prevalence.
background : we currently have an incomplete understanding of which postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) are associated with long-term death.
the purpose of this study was to find the associations between complications and attributable death.
an individual's age and hazard of dying from each complication were then used to calculate years of life lost to each complication.
at a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had died.
postoperative complications occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
prevention and treatment of these complications may improve mortality rates after cardiac operations.
women are inundated with advertisements for products promising younger-looking , healthier skin.
the truth is that many of these products can be expensive and produce results that do not live up to the claims.
health care providers can educate women about proven best practices and how to evaluate products ' claims of benefits.
none
objectives : discrepant findings of age-related effects between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on executive function ( ef ) have been described across different studies.
measures of inhibition , switching , and combined inhibition and switching were analyzed.
conclusions : the present study on middle-aged to older individuals showed age-related decline in inhibition and switching abilities.
this decline was retained even when basic cwit conditions , processing speed , attrition , gender , and education were controlled.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 90-97 ) .
background : depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome ( ms ) .
we examined whether metabolic dysregulation predicted the 2-year course of clinical depression.
severity of depression was assessed with the inventory of depressive symptomatology ( ids ) at 6-month intervals.
metabolic syndrome was defined according the national cholesterol education programme ( ncep-atp iii ) .
ms was not associated with ids sum score.
conclusions : metabolic dysregulation predicts a poor course of late-life depression.
our findings seem to be driven by abdominal obesity ( as indicated by the waist circumference ) and hdl cholesterol dysregulation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) transgenic mice have been used as a standard ad model for basic mechanistic studies and drug discovery.
finally , we will discuss a potential impact of the human 3d human neural cell culture models on the ad drug-development process.
these revolutionary 3d culture models of ad will contribute to accelerate the discovery of novel ad drugs.
the objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale ( swls ) in a representative sample of mexican adults.
the scale's reliability ( internal consistency ) was analysed using cronbach's alpha and inter-item correlations.
an exploratory factor analysis was also performed.
known-groups validity was evaluated comparing good-health and bad-health participants.
results : the analysis of the scale's reliability showed good internal consistency ( α = @number@ ) .
the exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of a unique factor structure that explained @percent@ of the variance.
there was significant difference in life satisfaction between the good- and bad-health groups.
conclusions : results show good internal consistency and construct validity of the swls.
these results are comparable with results from previous studies.
background : strong evidence implicates inflammation in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease but less is known about peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) .
our objective was to test the hypothesis that a composite index of inflammatory burden is associated with pad.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of a randomly-selected group of @number@ community-dwelling men in the mros cohort recruited between @number@ and @number@
results : overall , @percent@ of men had abi < 0.9.
these significant effects persisted after additional mv adjustment for smoking except for crp.
after smoking adjustment the linear trend was borderline statistically significant ( p trend = @number@ ) .
conclusion : inflammatory burden is associated with prevalent pad , an association similar to aging @number@ years.
the inflammatory effects of smoking contributes to the underlying association between inflammation and pad.
so , too , is the leadership of hospice and palliative care social workers within ipe and ipp.
generating evidence regarding best practices that can prepare social work professionals for collaborative practice is essential.
lessons learned from practice experiences of social workers working in hospice and palliative care can inform educational efforts of all professionals.
the emergence of interprofessional education and competencies is a development that is relevant to social work practice in this field.
opportunities for hospice and palliative social workers to demonstrate leadership in ipe and ipp are presented in this article.
lack of teamwork in cancer care can result in serious clinical errors , fragmentation of care , and poor quality of care.
many oncology team members , highly skilled in clinical care , are not trained to work effectively as members of a care team.
statistically significant correlations were intra-nurse coordinator relational coordination indices and two patient perception of care factors ( information and education and patient's preferences ) .
all other nurse coordinator intra-role as well as inter-role correlations were also positively correlated , although not statistically significant.
results : six papers were identified reporting the use of @number@ different interventions with people with dementia.
qualitative studies ( four ) showed a benefit of the use of technologies to foster social participation in people with dementia.
at the same time , barriers to a widespread use of these technologies in this population were identified.
a quantitative study and a mixed-method study with quantitative outcomes showed that ict-based interventions promote more social behaviours than non-technology-based interventions.
however , specific outcome measures to assess social health and social participation are needed.
the study of patients with mci has led to spectacular advances in understanding the prodrome of the disease.
recent studies have also examined compensatory processes that take place during the early phase of the disease.
functional magnetic resonance imagery indicates that the brain is more active in persons with mci than in normal people.
some researchers have interpreted this hyperactivity as playing a compensatory role.
intervention studies have relied on cognitive training programs to promote adaptation and compensatory plasticity processes.
these studies have shown that the memory and well-being of people with mci could be improved by such programs.
they have also revealed changes in the level of cerebral activation among persons with mci who received this type of intervention.
testosterone deficiency ( td ) is defined as a serum level less than @number@ ng / dl on a morning total testosterone test.
it is estimated that more than one-third of men @number@ years and older have testosterone deficiency.
these conditions have a direct relationship with cardiometabolic parameters , including insulin resistance , hypertension , hyperlipidemia , and endothelial dysfunction in aging men.
no single sign or symptom defines td.
controversy exists relative to the benefits versus risks of testosterone replacement therapy in men with testicular hypogonadism.
background : disability in activities of daily living is a growing concern among older populations all over the world.
methods : total @number@ aged @number@ years and over participated in a baseline study.
@number@ of them participated in the prospective cohort study conducted in the city of pune , india.
an interview and functional assessment using a questionnaire and pune-faat tool was carried out in 2013-14.
binary logistic regression was used to obtain the factors that increased the odds of having adl disability at follow-up.
results : the mean age of the study population was @number@.73±5.48years.
squatting , walking and climbing functions were affected significantly.
total @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) reported difficulties and / or disability in performing activities of daily living ( adl ) at follow-up.
apart from this , self-rated health and self-reported depression were associated with limitations in adl.
conclusion : hospitalization and being female appeared to be the most significant risk factors for disability in urban older adults in india.
rehabilitation services after hospitalization , physical exercise , effective control on chronic illness , and social participation to reduce loneliness is recommended.
many epidemiological and clinical studies use accelerometry to objectively measure physical activity using the activity counts , vector magnitude , or number of steps.
these measures use just a fraction of the information in the raw accelerometry data as they are typically summarized at the minute level.
we explore the sensitivity of our approach to on-body placement of the accelerometer by comparing hip , left and right wrist placements.
we also show that ad and pd have a statistically significant association with the gait speed and sit-to-stand test performance.
with population aging now a global phenomenon , the health of older adults is becoming an increasingly important issue.
data from the korean social life , health , and aging project were analyzed.
multivariate regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between the identified social network types and self-rated health and depression.
the model-based clustering analysis revealed that social networks clustered into five types : diverse , family , congregant , congregant-restricted , and restricted.
in addition , our analysis identified unique social network types related to religious activities.
in summary , we developed a comprehensive social network typology for older korean adults.
objective : compared with older adults , emerging adults ( 18-29 years old ) entering treatment typically have less severe alcohol use consequences.
yet , this has seldom been examined empirically.
results : during treatment , compared with older adults , emerging adults reported more ddd but similar pda.
alcohol use disorder ( aud ) is a common , under-recognized , and under-treated health concern in older adults.
furthermore , the lack of consistent use of evidence-based , age-specific screening instruments to identify those at risk is another significant obstacle to successful treatment.
purpose : this study examined the potential roles of phonological sensitivity and processing speed in age-related declines of verbal working memory.
method : twenty younger and @number@ older adults with age-normal hearing participated.
two measures of verbal working memory were collected : digit span and serial recall of words.
processing speed was indexed using response times during those tasks.
three other measures were also obtained , assessing phonological awareness , processing , and recoding.
results : forward and reverse digit spans were similar across groups.
accuracy on the serial recall task was poorer for older than for younger adults , and response times were slower.
when response time served as a covariate , the age effect for accuracy was reduced.
phonological capacities were equivalent across age groups , so we were unable to account for differences across age groups in verbal working memory.
nonetheless , when outcomes for only older adults were considered , phonological awareness and processing speed explained significant proportions of variance in serial recall accuracy.
conclusion : slowing in processing abilities accounts for the primary trajectory of age-related declines in verbal working memory.
however , individual differences in phonological capacities explain variability among individual older adults.
many research , notably that of gene cohen ( @number@ ) , have shown positive impact of artistic activities for seniors.
in @number@ in quebec city , three professional painters have created a none lucrative organization called les pinceaux d'or ( the golden brushes ) .
its mission is to create a positive experience of painting learning in elderly needing persons.
the organization operates in long-term health-care facilities or in low-income housings and day centers.
it offers free painting courses to elderly persons referred by local community health centers or community organizations as seniors with psychosocial needs.
the only condition for participation is to be a person able to hold a brush.
participants averaged @number@ years old , and four of them are over hundred ( one person was @number@ years old ) .
second , we suggest that the process of healthy aging involves an adjustment of personal development that should never stop.
this study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the association of common genetic variants in foxo3 with human longevity in a chinese population.
eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in foxo3 were successfully genotyped in @number@ unrelated long-lived individuals and @number@ younger controls.
no nominally significant effects were found.
however , none of the associated snps and haplotype remained significant after bonferroni correction.
of these associations passed bonferroni correction.
bonferroni correction is very stringent for association studies.
we therefore believe the effects of these nominally significant variants on human longevity will be confirmed by future studies.
twenty-eight compounds , which have not been described before in bartlett pears or in fermented pear mash , were identified.
a bout of unilateral rex was performed during the placebo and leu treatments.
ingested results : leucinemia was higher with leu treatment than with placebo treatment ( p < @number@ ) .
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct02371278.
objectives : to examine caregiver factors associated with unmet needs for care of older adults.
design : population-based surveys of caregivers and older adult care recipients in the united states in @number@
setting : @number@ national health and aging trends study and national study of caregiving.
participants : family caregivers ( n = @number@ ) of community-dwelling older adults with disabilities ( n = @number@ ) .
caregiver reported sociodemographic characteristics , caregiving intensity and tasks performed , health , and psychosocial effects.
younger caregivers , caregiving sons , caregivers not living with care recipients , and having supplemental paid caregivers were associated with more unmet needs.
conclusion : unmet adl needs are prevalent among older adults with family caregivers.
clinicians caring for disabled older adults should assess their unmet needs and the capacity of caregivers to address them.
leucine supplementation has grown in popularity due to the discovery of its anabolic effects on cell signaling and protein synthesis in muscle.
however , aging has been repeatedly shown to be associated with resistance of muscle to the anabolic effects of feeding.
leucine supplementation has been proposed as a possible strategy because of its regulatory role on protein homeostasis.
indeed , it acts independently of growth factors and leads to enhanced cap-dependent mrna translation initiation and increased protein synthesis.
this may stem from specific age-related impairment of muscle signaling and from decreased nutrient and growth factor delivery to the muscle.
background : previous studies have shown an inconsistent relation between habitual beverage consumption and insulin resistance and prediabetes.
higher ssb intake was also associated with a greater increase in homa-ir ( p-trend = @number@ ) .
these associations were similar after additional adjustment for change in bmi.
subjects included @number@ controls , @number@ mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , and @number@ ad subjects with serial volumetric @number@.5-t mri.
in this protocol we explain how to use the genenetwork web service , a powerful and free online resource for systems genetics.
it is important to assess whether ffr is effective and safe in patients , especially elderly chinese patients , with nstemi.
patients and methods : this prospective randomized controlled study included @number@ patients with nstemi older than @number@ years.
results : the mean age of the patients was 70±3.6 years , and @percent@ were men.
background : rheumatic diseases , irrespective of etiology and clinical course , influence different areas of a patient's life.
adapting to disability and limitations caused by an illness is very difficult for many patients.
the main goal of a therapeutic procedure should be improvement of health-related quality of life ( qol ) .
results : the average age of patients with oa was @number@ ( ±15.87 ) years and patients with ra was @number@ ( ±14.87 ) years.
overall the qol in both study groups was of medium level.
overall qol in terms of mental functioning in both rheumatic diseases was assessed at a higher level than in the area of physical functioning.
person-centered dementia care is widely accepted as a value-based commitment to supporting people with dementia and is a guiding principle in care services.
policy ambitions to put people at the center of their own care are being developed internationally.
moreover , our pdss significantly improved endothelial cell viability , compared to glucose-based pdss and basal condition.
none : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are used as pain killers during periods of unloading caused by traumatic occurrences or diseases.
this indicates an importance of mechanical loading for maintenance of tendon collagen turnover.
however , reduced collagen production induced by short-term unloading may only marginally affect tendon mechanical properties in elderly individuals.
mitochondria are essential organelles whose biogenesis , structure , and function are regulated by many signaling pathways.
we present evidence that , in hippocampal neurons , activation of the sonic hedgehog ( shh ) signaling pathway affects multiple aspects of mitochondria.
mitochondrial mass was increased significantly in neurons treated with shh.
mitochondria from shh-treated neurons were more electron-dense , as revealed by electron microscopy , and had higher membrane potential and respiratory activity.
collectively our data suggest a link between shh pathway activity and the physiological properties of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons.
remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema ( rs3pe ) syndrome mainly affects elderly men and responds well to steroids.
since this syndrome can resemble other diseases , its diagnosis is a significant challenge.
the first study screened the psychometric properties of a battery of neuropsychological tests in order to identify those with optimal properties to evaluate cognitive aging.
the second study used the selected tests to compare baseline performance within 5-year age bands from @number@ to @number@
no , or only small , age effects were observed for working memory , phonemic fluency , learning of visual information , and reaction time.
background : cytokine production and oxidative stress generated by ultraviolet radiation b ( uvb ) skin exposure are main factors of skin photoaging.
interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) produced by irradiated keratinocytes is proposed to have a role in metalloproteinases ( mmps ) expression activation in dermal fibroblasts.
objectives : we examined the effect of triolein treatment of uvb-irradiated keratinocytes on mmp1 ( interstitial collagenase ) expression response of dermal fibroblasts.
we assayed uvb-irradiated keratinocytes soluble signals , mainly il-6 and reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
methods : il-6 expression and ros generation were assayed in uvb-irradiated keratinocytes.
mmp1 mrna expression response was assayed in fibroblasts grown in keratinocytes conditioned medium.
we evaluated the effect of treating keratinocytes with triolein on il-6 expression and ros generation in keratinocytes , and mmp1 expression in fibroblasts.
results : the irradiation of epidermal cells with sublethal uvb doses increased il-6 expression and ros generation.
conditioned culture medium collected from keratinocytes was used to culture dermal fibroblasts.
mmp1 mrna expression increase was observed in fibroblasts cultured in medium collected from uvb-irradiated keratinocytes.
triolein treatment reduced the il-6 expression and ros generation in keratinocytes and this effect was reflected in downregulation of mmp1 expression in fibroblasts.
conclusions : triolein reduces both the expression of il-6 and ros generation in irradiated keratinocytes.
it seems to exert an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effect on irradiated keratinocytes that in turn reduces mmp1 expression in dermal fibroblasts.
collectively , these results indicate that triolein could act as a photoprotective agent.
it is also timely to consider the service provision changes that will increasingly be needed to effectively manage the needs of the aging population.
positive results led to approval of nibs for some of these conditions by the food and drug administration in the usa.
although after-effects are mostly short lived , complex neurobiological mechanisms related to changes in synaptic excitability bear the potential to further induce therapy-relevant lasting changes.
controversy and context : two words that exemplified this year's international society for experimental hematology meeting.
major questions discussed included the \ "when , where , and how \ " of hematopoietic emergence , bone marrow residence , and disease origination.
this meeting summary covers some of the conference highlights.
adni-3 , which began on @date@ , is a 5-year renewal of the current adni-2 study.
a systems biology / pathway approach will be used to identify genetic factors for subject selection / enrichment.
amyloid positron emission tomography scanning will be standardized using the centiloid method.
the brain health registry will help recruit subjects and monitor subject cognition.
results : multimodal analyses will provide insight into ad pathophysiology and disease progression.
discussion : adni-3 will aim to inform ad treatment trials and facilitate development of ad disease-modifying treatments.
abnormally elevated hippocampal caspase-6 ( casp6 ) activity is intimately associated with age-related cognitive impairment in humans and in mice.
the reason for the high vulnerability of entorhinal cortex neurons to neurofibrillary tangle pathology and casp6 activity is unknown.
co-localization of casp6 activity , phf-1 and β-amyloid was detected mostly in the anterior olfactory nucleus ( aon ) of the olfactory bulb.
aon tau∆casp6 levels correlated with entorhinal cortex casp6 activity and phf-1 levels.
nevertheless , aon casp6 activity reflects that of the entorhinal cortex.
furthermore , ankle plantar flexion rom and knee extension strength were significant explanatory variables for the @number@ m gait test and tugt.
however , ankle dorsiflexion rom was a significant explanatory variable for frt alone.
background : often preventive measures are not accessed by the people who were intended to be reached.
the study examines how older men and women would prefer to be addressed for health and prevention programs.
the study focused on the participants ' knowledge about health and disease prevention and how they preferred to be approached and addressed.
videos of the focus groups were recorded and analysed using mind mapping techniques.
interviews were digitally recorded , transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative content analysis.
results : a gender-specific approach profile was observed.
men were more likely to favor competitive and exercise-oriented activities , and they associated healthy aging with mobility and physical activity.
the \ "older seniors \ " ( 76 + ) were ambivalent towards certain wordings referring to aging.
conclusions : our results suggest that gender-specific needs must be considered in order to motivate older adults to participate in preventive services.
age-specific characteristics seem to be less relevant.
it is more important to pay attention to factors that vary according to the individual state of health and life situation of the potential participants.
however , no definitive candidate causes have been identified.
the present study evaluated whether certain serum parameters predict cd.
conclusions : the current study results suggest that the a / g ratio is related to cognitive decline and may reflect homeostatic alterations.
design : an integrative literature review was completed using garrard's ( @number@ ) matrix method.
data sources : articles were identified through the electronic database search engines of cinahl , pub med , and academic search complete.
only peer reviewed research articles from @number@ to @number@ were reviewed.
review methods : a review matrix was created to abstract information from @number@ studies so that synthesis could occur.
information in the columns of the review matrix was used to compare the studies.
preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses ( prisma ) @number@ item check list was used to help with reporting the findings.
studies were graded using the american association of critical care nurses ' ( aacn ) level of evidence.
conclusions : several gaps exist in the literature.
further research including longitudinal studies and large scale , multi-site samples would add to the existing knowledge.
memory deterioration is the earliest and most devastating cognitive deficit in normal aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
some older adults , known as \ "supernormals \ " , maintain excellent memory.
all of these fc were significantly related to memory and global cognition in all participants.
supernormals had less amyloid deposition than other groups.
relationships between global cognition and fc were stronger among amyloid positive participants.
relationships between memory and fc remained regardless of amyloid level.
this revealed how cc-related neural function participates in cognitive maintenance in the presence of amyloid deposition , potentially explaining excellent cognitive function among supernormals.
purpose : the research aim was to identify demographic characteristics , chronic diseases , and unhealthy behaviors predicting ill health retirement in south korea.
the cox proportional hazard model was used to examine demographic and clinical characteristics ' effects on ill health retirement.
lost years of working life expectancy were calculated for demographic and clinical characteristics.
the average reduction in working life expectancy was @number@ years.
we used propensity score matching to reduce the confounding bias between the groups.
femur fracture is an emerging public health concern in aging societies , owing to the substantially high morbidity and mortality.
during @number@ to @number@ femur fractures were newly diagnosed in @number@ patients among @number@ enrollees.
the genetic variation between each individual may be responsible for interindividual differences.
the ( comt ) gene has been a candidate gene for bd.
in the current study , we investigated whether the comt val158met polymorphism predicts treatment response to vpa + add-on dm and to vpa + placebo.
the hamilton depression rating scale and young mania rating scale were used to evaluate clinical response during weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
the genotypes of the comt val158met polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction plus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
to adjust for within-subject dependence over repeated assessments , multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equation methods was used.
purpose : to evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring the lacrimal sac fossa length using orbital computed tomography in normal koreans.
additionally , the mid-point thickness and maximum thickness of the maxillary bone were measured.
finally , the authors also evaluated the relationship between nasal bone height and maxillary bone thickness in the lacrimal sac fossa.
nasal bone height and maxillary bone thickness were also not significantly related.
conclusion : in comprising the lacrimal sac fossa , the maxillary bone accounted for a bigger proportion than the lacrimal bone.
male maxillary bone thickness was greater than female thickness.
the authors also observed that maxillary bone thickness increased toward the upper areas of the lacrimal sac fossa and with increasing subject age.
understanding the form and variation of a normal lacrimal sac fossa is helpful for preparing for a successful osteotomy with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
methods : this register-based study included @number@ patients from the swedish national quality register for ect.
associations between patient characteristics and treatment factors were examined using logistic regression.
results : subjective memory worsening was experienced in @percent@.
patients with less subjective memory disturbances before ect had a greater risk of smw.
patients in remission after ect had a lower risk of smw.
conclusions : subjective memory worsening is reported by a minority of patients.
however , young women are at risk of experiencing smw.
ultrabrief pulse width stimulus could be considered for patients treated with unilateral electrode placement who experience smw.
the study aimed to assess a possibility of premature cardiac aging in sa and ac subjects.
methods and results : we studied @number@ subjects : @number@ sa and @number@ ac subjects.
all participants underwent detailed echocardiography , including lv ejection fraction , average septal-lateral e / e' , and lv mass index ( lvmi ) .
neurological examination revealed severe dementia , frontal signs , and exaggerated bilateral tendon reflexes.
periodic sharp-wave complexes were not observed on the electroencephalogram.
brain diffusion mri did not reveal abnormal changes.
this study aimed at the assessment of the validity and reliability of the self-made questionnaire on knowledge and attitude of general practitioners about andropause.
method : this is a descriptive study done on @number@ general physicians working in public and private sectors.
in order to determine the content and face validity of the questionnaire , judgments of experts were used.
cronbach's coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire.
spss @number@ ( spss inc , chicago , il ) was used to analyze the data.
results : content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts.
chondrocyte proliferation , differentiation , and apoptosis are important steps for endochondral ossification.
a reason contributing to this may be the additional modulation by obesity.
moreover , tcf7l2-rs7903146 is one of the most influential variants in t2d-genetic risk scores ( grs ) .
therefore , to increase the predictive value ( pv ) of grs it is necessary to first see whether the included polymorphisms have heterogeneous effects.
we studied @number@ predimed participants at baseline and longitudinally ( @number@ years maximum follow-up ) .
obesity significantly interacted with the tcf7l2-rs7903146 on t2d prevalence , associations being greater in non-obese subjects.
previous studies indicated that because of its reconstructive nature , autobiographical memory ( am ) is subject to a range of distortions.
one distortion involves the erroneous incorporation of features from one episodic memory into another , forming what are known as memory conjunction errors.
we investigated the impact of aging on vulnerability to am conjunction errors , and explored potential cognitive processes underlying the formation of these errors.
an imagination recombination paradigm was used to elicit am conjunction errors in young and older adults.
participants also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests targeting relational memory and inhibition ability.
consistent with findings using laboratory stimuli , older adults were more susceptible to am conjunction errors than younger adults.
however , older adults were not differentially vulnerable to the inflating effects of imagination.
individual variation in am conjunction error vulnerability was attributable to inhibitory capacity.
an inability to suppress the cumulative familiarity of individual am details appears to contribute to the heightened formation of am conjunction errors with age.
we asked participants of different ages to choose among electrical shocks that varied in timing and intensity.
we also assessed affective responses as a potential mechanism behind age effects and considered other potential covariates.
in study @number@ the choice task involved real outcomes and the sample consisted of younger and older adults.
in study @number@ the choice task was hypothetical and the sample was an adult life span sample.
across both studies , there was no evidence of age differences in the preferred timing of shocks.
instead , dread-sensitive choices were associated with higher conscientiousness.
age effects in dread-sensitive choices remained nonsignificant even after controlling for a range of age-associated covariates.
we discuss possible explanations for the lack of age effects and consider implications for applied and clinical settings.
( psycinfo database record there is evidence for differential stability in personality trait differences , even over decades.
the authors used data from a sample of the scottish mental survey , @number@ to study personality stability from childhood to older age.
the 6-day sample ( n = @number@ ) were rated on six personality characteristics by their teachers at around age @number@
in @number@ the authors traced as many of these participants as possible and invited them to take part in a follow-up study.
each set of @number@ ratings was reduced to the same single underlying factor , denoted dependability , a trait comparable to conscientiousness.
the cross-sectional and longitudinal findings converged on the idea that affect-whether positive or negative , global or experiential-decreases as a function of age and time.
in contrast , life satisfaction appears to remain consistent , or perhaps decline across midlife before rebounding in old age.
however , the potential mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.
we investigate @number@ potential mediational pathways through which social activity may relate to cognitive performance.
using data from the victoria longitudinal study , we tested @number@ cognitive outcomes : fluency , episodic memory , reasoning , and vocabulary.
three important findings emerged.
first , the association between social activity and all @number@ domains of cognitive function was significantly mediated by cognitive activity at the within-person level.
second , we observed a significant indirect effect of social activity on all domains of cognitive function through cognitive activity at the between-person level.
third , we found a within-person indirect relationship of social activity with episodic memory performance through physical activity.
for these older adults , engagement in social activities was related to participation in everyday cognitive activities and in turn to better cognitive performance.
all objective measures exhibited a significant mean-level decline across @number@ years , whereas most subjective indicators did not reveal significant mean-level changes.
interindividual variation in intraindividual change patterns was considerable in most domains.
our findings suggest that there is a somewhat paradoxical pattern of discrepant late-life change trends in subjective versus objective indicators of health and functioning.
for ward patients , a β-lactam with a macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone alone should be given to cover typical and atypical pathogens.
for icu patients , a β-lactam with either a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone should be given.
other regimens are indicated if methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus or pseudomonas aeruginosa is a concern.
we compared performance and clinical applicability of brcapro version @number@ vs version @number@ in order to assess diagnostic accuracy of updated version.
in our study , cagene @number@ was more sensitive than cagene @number@ although the latter showed a higher specificity.
both brcapro versions better discriminate brca1 than brca2 mutations.
therefore , we conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative urban area of beijing , china.
a two-stage stratified clustering sampling method was performed , and @number@ female participants aged ⩾60 years were included in the analysis.
the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in passive smokers ( @percent@ ) than in non-passive smokers ( @percent@ ) .
furthermore , a dose-response association was observed between the amount and frequency of passive cigarette smoking and the control rate of hypertension.
additional randomized controlled trials and large prospective studies are still required to determine the relationship between passive smoking and hypertension among the chinese elderly.
reporter analysis revealed that circpvt1 decreased the cellular pool of available let-7 , and antagonizing endogenous let-7 triggered cell proliferation.
importantly , silencing circpvt1 promoted cell senescence and reversed the proliferative phenotype observed after let-7 function was impaired.
our findings indicate that the sac-rna circpvt1 , elevated in dividing cells and reduced in senescent cells , sequesters let-7 to enable a proliferative phenotype.
however , substantial variability characterizes age-related effects on the brain so that some older individuals evince clear neurocognitive declines whereas others are spared.
moreover , the functional correlates of normative individual differences in older-adult value-based decision making remain unclear.
across trials that varied in evs , participants decided to accept or decline the offered stakes to maximize total accumulated points.
risk preference also modulated striatal responses during feedback with risk-takers showing more positive responses to gains compared with risk-averters.
significance statement : frontal , striatal , and medial temporal functions implicated in value-based decision processing of rewards and costs undergo substantial age-related changes.
however , age effects on brain function and cognition differ across individuals.
how this normative variation relates to older-adult value-based decision making is unclear.
we found that although the ability make optimal decisions declines with age , there is still much individual variability in how this deterioration occurs.
objective : to determine whether brain activity over the prefrontal cortex measured in real time during walking predicts falls in high-functioning older adults.
method : we examined166 older persons ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) enrolled in a prospective aging study.
high-functioning status defined as the absence of dementia or disability with normal gait diagnosed by study clinicians.
incident falls were prospectively assessed over a 50-month study period.
results : over a mean follow-up of @number@ ± @number@ months , @number@ falls occurred.
the results remained robust after accounting for multiple confounders and for cognitive status , slow gait , previous falls , and frailty.
conclusions : prefrontal brain activity levels while performing a cognitively demanding walking condition predicted falls in high-functioning seniors.
these findings implicate neurobiological processes early in the pathogenesis of falls.
what is known already : semen quality is an established predictor of men's somatic health.
index cases included a clinic-referred sample of @number@ @number@ men who underwent sa and had adequate familial and follow-up data in the updb.
a total of @number@ @number@ siblings and @number@ @number@ aunts / uncles were used to investigate the familial aggregation of childhood mortality.
the main outcome was childhood mortality in fdr and sdr of men with sa and their matched controls.
all-cause and cause-specific cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between semen quality and childhood mortality in family members.
cause-specific models were considered for cancer and cm.
in addition , care is needed when interpreting our results , as we do not have semen measures on our sample of fertile men.
second , we were unable to include potential confounders such as medical comorbidities , smoking status , or environmental exposures.
lastly , we do not know the proportion of female partners with diagnosed infertility.
we chose not to subcategorize each infertile male by infertile diagnosis because our goal was to understand how semen parameters influenced familial childhood mortality.
wider implications of the findings : we are not the first study to show a relationship between fertility and cms.
we encourage further research in order to confirm a relationship between semen quality and increased risk for cm.
authors have no competing interests to disclose.
trial registration number : not applicable.
advancing age is associated with progressive declines in physiological function that lead to overt chronic disease , frailty , and eventual mortality.
these processes synergistically promote chronic sterile inflammation , insulin resistance , and lipid redistribution away from subcutaneous adipose tissue.
without intervention , these effects contribute to age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction , physical limitations , and frailty.
circulating microrna ( c-mirna ) have the potential to function as novel noninvasive markers of the underlying physiological state of skeletal muscle.
primary findings were that fasting c-mirna expression profiles were significantly predictive of aging , with mir-19b-3p , mir-206 , and mir-486 distinguishing between age groups.
background : the identification of novel rehabilitative impairments that are risk factors for mobility limitations may improve their prevention and treatment among older adults.
we tested the hypothesis that impaired rhythmic interlimb ankle and shoulder coordination are risk factors for subsequent mobility limitations among older adults.
participants performed antiphase coordination of the right and left ankles or shoulders while paced by an auditory metronome.
similar results were found in unadjusted analyses.
conclusions : the results support our hypothesis that impaired interlimb ankle and shoulder coordination are risk factors for the development of mobility limitations.
future work is needed to further examine the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying this relationship and to test whether enhancing coordination alters mobility limitations.
objective : to test the hypothesis that urinary incontinence ( ui ) is associated with incident parkinsonism in older adults.
methods : we used data from @number@ older persons without dementia.
assessment included baseline self-report ui and annual structured exam which assessed parkinsonian signs , motor performances , cognitive function , and self-report disabilities.
in decedents , regression models were used to examine if ui proximate to death was related to postmortem indices of neuropathologies.
results : at baseline , more than @percent@ of participants reported some degree of ui.
conclusion : ui in older adults is associated with incident parkinsonism and may identify older adults at risk for accumulating pd brain pathology.
fragmentation ( fission ) of mitochondria , occurring in response to oxidative challenge , leads to heterogeneity in the mitochondrial population.
fidelity of this process is the basis of mitochondrial homeostasis , which is disrupted in pathological conditions and aging.
the asymmetry of the mitochondrial fission is similar to that of their evolutionary ancestors , bacteria , which also undergo an aging process.
mitochondrial aging captures the essence of the systemic aging which must be analyzed.
we assume that the mitochondrial aging mechanism is similar to the mechanism of aging of the immune system which we discuss in detail.
objectives : discussions of student debt often overlook the debt parents take on to pay for their children's education.
we identify characteristics of parents with child-related educational debt among the late baby boom cohort.
method : data come from the national longitudinal survey of youth @number@ a nationally representative sample of individuals born between @number@ and @number@
craggit models estimated ( a ) having any child-related educational debt and ( b ) the amount of debt owed among debtors.
among debtors , high-income parents had more debt than low-income parents.
discussion : our findings suggest concerns about the student debt crisis should extend to aging parents.
results : in the sample , @percent@ were nonsuccessful agers , @percent@ rsa-only , @percent@ ssa-only , and @percent@ successful agers.
female gender and older age were associated with lower likelihood of rsa-only and both-sa relative to non-sa , but with greater likelihood of ssa-only.
good socioeconomic conditions and social networks were associated with greater likelihood of ssa-only and both-sa relative to non-sa or rsa-only.
satisfaction with life domains was robustly and positively associated with good successful aging outcomes.
discussion : researcher-defined successful aging and self-rated successful aging are different measures with distinct social correlates.
subtypes of concordance and discordance provide a more holistic biopsychosocial conceptualization of successful aging.
results : each measure of diastolic function was robustly associated with n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and incident hf or death.
tdi e ' was nonlinearly associated with incident hf or death , with inflection points for risk supportive of aric-based limits.
we replicate these findings in the copenhagen city heart study.
conclusions : our findings suggest that left ventricular longitudinal relaxation velocity declines as a part of healthy aging and is largely prognostically benign.
the use of age-based normative values when considering an elderly population improves the risk discrimination of diastolic measures for incident hf or death.
ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
here , we combined computational modeling with quantitative mouse and patient data to investigate whether substrate competition affects pathway robustness in mfao disorders.
model simulations predicted that mcad deficiency would have no effect on the pathway flux at low concentrations of the mfao substrate palmitoyl-coa.
however , high concentrations of palmitoyl-coa would induce a decline in flux and an accumulation of intermediate metabolites.
we proved computationally that the predicted overload behavior was due to substrate competition in the pathway.
the patient-specific computational models allowed us to predict the severity of the disease phenotype , providing a proof of principle for the systems medicine approach.
( mch ) -expressing neurons ( mch neurons ) in the lateral hypothalamus ( lh ) are critical regulators of energy and glucose homeostasis.
here , we demonstrate that insulin increases the excitability of these neurons in control mice.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease of the elderly , and despite major advances in treatment , remains incurable.
the cancer registry of norway has registered data on patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia since @number@
we aimed to analyze trends in incidence and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in norway.
we identified @number@ patients reported with chronic lymphocytic leukemia to the registry between @number@ and @number@
we gathered information on sex , age at diagnosis , date of death and basis for diagnosis.
the age-standardized incidence increased from @number@.6 / 100.000 person-years in @number@ to @number@.1 / 100 , 000 person-years in @number@
men were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than women.
immunophenotyping has become the most important diagnostic method after @number@
median observed survival increased from @number@ years in 1952-1963 to @number@ years in 2003-2012.
five- and 10-year age-standardized net survival increased throughout the whole period across age groups and reached @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
median observed survival was significantly shorter in men than in women in 1993-2002 ( @number@ vs. @number@ years , p < @number@ ) .
despite an aging norwegian population , chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) patients become younger at diagnosis.
a fourfold increase in incidence , a prolonged survival , and major changes in diagnostic methods in norway were observed.
background : few studies have explored the risk factors of sarcopenia in certain cohorts.
the objective of this study was to examine the incidence of sarcopenia and associated factors over a 1-year period in an elderly chinese suburban population.
sarcopenia was defined according to the asian working group for sarcopenia ( awgs ) criteria.
sarcopenia incidence was documented after one year of follow-up , and correlated with several possible factors.
results : at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the initial @number@ participants had sarcopenia.
the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ after one year.
between baseline and 1-year follow-up , @number@ of the participants without sarcopenia at baseline had developed sarcopenia.
incidence was also higher among women.
conclusions : we found sarcopenia incidence increased with age , and women were more likely to have sarcopenia.
a higher bmi is also associated with a lower incidence of sarcopenia.
maintaining a healthy weight could be beneficial in the prevention of sarcopenia.
design : a cross-sectional study aimed at verifying the possibilities of using diagnostic tools for sarcopenia.
results : the results from the irt model showed that these four methods indicate strong unidimensionality so that they measure the same latent variable.
objectives : the ageing population implicates an increasing numbers of older adults attending emergency departments ( ed ) .
design : within three years , @number@ patient contacts were made in our ed.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) were older than @number@ years , in whom we analyzed the impact of renal function on various outcome parameters.
furthermore , this patient group was compared to the patients < @number@ years.
adapted strategies in eds to adjust diagnostic and treatment strategies for this population are thus warranted.
design : multi-center , cross sectional observational study.
setting : residential aged care facilities.
measurements : data was collected from a stratified sample of @number@ residential aged care facilities in each state and territory in australia.
facilities that employed a dietitian were more likely to use a validated nutrition screening tool ( p < @number@ ) .
this study highlights the need for greater dietetic advocacy in using validated nutrition screening tools to ensure malnutrition is identified.
low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) has been suggested as biomarker of frailty in literature.
study design : cross-sectional.
objectives : to explore the association of 25 ( oh ) d concentrations with the frailty phenotype and its criteria.
methods : @number@ subjects referred by their general practitioner to a geriatric frailty clinic were assessed between @date@ and @date@ .
receivers operating curves were established in order to explore the existence of a possible threshold of vitamin d levels highly predictive of frailty.
results : two hundred forty-one ( @percent@ ) participants had 25 ( oh ) d levels lower than @number@ ng / ml.
no significant association was reported between 25 ( oh ) d levels and frailty.
information and communication technologies ( ict ) are promising for the long-term care of older and frequently frail people.
these innovations can improve health outcomes , quality of life and efficiency of care processes , while supporting independent living.
however , they may be disruptive innovations.
as all european member states are facing an increasing complexity of health and social care , good practices in ict should be identified and evaluated.
the three projects described in this paper provide a unique pan-european research field to further study implementation efforts and outcomes of new technologies.
definition of easily transferable , high level pathways with solid evidence-base ; @number@
change management in implementing ict enabled integrated care ; @number@
evaluation and data collection methodologies based on existing experience with mast and medal methodologies ; and @number@
construction of new models for delivery of health and social care.
design : randomized block design and cross-sectional study.
setting : hill's pet nutrition , inc. dog colony.
geriatric dogs were compared before and after the feeding trial with mature adult dogs.
geriatric dogs consuming all three foods increased ( p < 0.001 ) gfr over time ; group averages ranged from @date@ @percent@.
feeding functional foods did not alter body weight , but increased ( p < 0.001 ) serum protein concentration ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : supplementation with functional food bioactives can temporarily reverse the age-associated decline in renal function and serum total protein.
design : population-based longitudinal study.
setting : the singapore longitudinal aging study ( slas ) .
participants : @number@ community-living chinese elderly who were cognitively intact at baseline.
odds ratio ( or ) of association were calculated in logistic regression models that adjusted for potential confounders.
results : a total of @number@ incident ncd cases were identified from the cohort.
tea intake was associated with lower risk of incident ncd , independent of other risk factors.
using consistent non-tea consumers as the reference , only consistent tea consumers had reduced risk of ncd ( or = 0.39 ) .
conclusion : regular tea consumption was associated with lower risk of neurocognitive disorders among chinese elderly.
gender and genetic factors could possibly modulate this association.
objective : we examined the associations of handgrip strength , upper arm circumference , and waist circumference with dementia among singapore older adults.
design : cross-sectional epidemiological study.
setting : residential homes , day care centres , nursing homes and institutions.
measurements : socio-demographic correlates , dietary habits , health behaviours , grip strength , upper arm circumference , and waist circumference were collected.
grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer with the dominant hand.
dementia was diagnosed using the 10 / 66 dementia diagnostic criteria.
after adjusting for all factors , grip strength remained significantly associated with dementia ( p < 0.0001 ) .
upper arm circumference was associated with dementia ( p < 0.0001 ) but this association was only significant in the univariate analysis.
waist circumference was not significantly associated with dementia.
conclusions : lower grip strength was independently associated with dementia in the older adult population in singapore.
dietary patterns that include saturated fats and meat products are potential risk factors for the progression of peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) .
this study explored whether there is a relationship between food insecurity and pad among a national sample of older adults.
design : we conducted a cross-sectional data analysis using data from the 1999-2004 national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) .
food security was assessed using the us household food security survey module.
bivariate analyses were conducted using the rao-scott chi-square test to examine associations between pad and sociodemographic variables.
results : compared to older adults who are food secure , those who are food insecure have an increased risk for pad.
food insecurity is associated with peripheral arterial disease among older adults ( adults adjusted odds ratio , @number@ [ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : older adults with peripheral arterial disease are experiencing food insecurity.
the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between selenium level and hypertension in a rural elderly chinese cohort.
design : a longitudinal study was implemented and data were analyzed using logistic regression models and cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders.
the associations between selenium level and prevalent hypertension at baseline and between selenium and incident hypertension were examined.
setting : community-based setting in four rural areas in china.
subjects : a total of @number@ elderly aged @number@ years and over ( mean @number@.9±5.6 years ) participated in this study.
measurements : nail selenium levels were measured in all subjects at baseline.
blood pressure measures and self-reported hypertension history were collected at baseline , @number@ years and @number@ years later.
results : the rate of baseline hypertension was @percent@ in this cohort and the mean nail selenium level is @number@.413±0.183μg / g.
multi-covariate adjusted cross-sectional analyses indicated that higher selenium level was associated with higher blood pressure measures at baseline and higher rates of hypertension.
for the @number@ participants with normal blood pressure at baseline , @number@ had developed hypertension during follow-up.
conclusions : our findings suggest that high selenium may play a harmful role in the development of hypertension.
future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate a plausible biological mechanism.
design : cross sectional study.
setting : northern italy.
participants : @number@ healthy subjects ( @number@ women / 43 men ; mean age : @number@.2±19.8 years ) were examined.
olfactory sensitivity has been assessed by «sniffin ' sticks».
four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in regions of interest were genotyped.
factor analysis and multivariate regression were performed for scaling food preferences and screening prognostic factors , respectively.
regarding number of drugs taken , there is a significant negative effect on smell perception ( p < 0.001 ) .
variation in taste receptor genes can give rise to differential perception of sweet , acid and bitter tastes.
no effect of gender and smoking was observed.
an active ageing assessment questionnaire and whoqol-bref - quality of life assessment were applied.
this practice had a positive result , producing changes in the quality of life of the elderly , particularly in the psychological domain.
background / aims : aging is associated with renal function decline and elderly patients are more vulnerable to acute kidney injury ( aki ) .
methods : in a retrospective analysis all patients with aki admitted to a tertiary care nephrology department ( n = 424 ) were included.
individuals were stratified by age ( ≤80 years , > 80 years ) .
results : the distribution of aki causes was different between the age groups.
circulatory aki was the most important cause in both groups ; however , septic or toxic aki contributed relevantly in younger patients.
while mortality tended to be higher in the older population , none of the secondary analyses indicated worse outcome for the older patients.
conclusion : the prognosis of aki in elderly patients is not necessarily worse than in middle aged individuals.
nevertheless , older patients may be particularly vulnerable to circulatory or ischemic insults of the kidneys.
community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) refers to pneumonia unrelated to hospitals or extended-care facilities.
logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.
the adjusted model included variables selected by backward elimination with a cut off of < @number@
no association was observed for other comorbidities such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease ( copd ) or heart conditions in the adjusted model.
offering both pneumococcal and influenza vaccination to the elderly may improve 30-day mortality in patients with cap.
loss of skeletal muscle mass and function results in loss of mobility for elderly patients.
novel therapies that can protect and / or restore muscle function during aging would have profound effects on the quality of life for this population.
however , conflicting data has been recently published that casts doubt on these assertions.
gdf11 impaired the recovery of skeletal muscle function in older rats after injury.
a total of @number@ men ( age 18-92 years old ) were included.
we applied multiple regression analyses to estimate the correlation between tpv growth rate and age.
the tpv growth rate was correlated negatively with baseline tpv ( r = -0.32 , p < 0.001 ) .
proteomic changes responsible for the impaired successful pregnancy outcome after ivf with aged blastocysts have not been yet evaluated.
interestingly , the identified proteins are mainly involved in processes aimed at fine tuning embryo implantation and development.
background : newly established blood dna methylation markers that are strongly associated with smoking might open new avenues for lung cancer ( lc ) screening.
we aimed to assess the performance of the top hits from previous epigenome-wide association studies in prediction of lc incidence.
here , we show that trf2 directly binds sirt6 in a dna independent manner and that this interaction is increased upon replication stress.
knockdown of sirt6 up-regulates trf2 protein levels and counteracts its down-regulation during dna damage response , leading to cell survival.
finally , we report an inverse correlation between sirt6 and trf2 protein expression levels in a cohort of colon rectal cancer patients.
to evaluate the current status of medical treatment for loh in japan , the first nationwide survey were performed.
a total of @number@ questionnaires answered by urologists in high-volume facilities were analyzed.
the median numbers of patients with hypogonadism-related symptoms per month were @number@
aging male symptom score , international index of erectile function , and international prostate symptom score questionnaires were widely used for questionnaires.
the diagnostic criteria for loh varied.
among the patients who presented with hypogonadism-related symptoms , the mean proportion of patients undergoing treatment for loh was @percent@.
in japan , loh was treated not only with testosterone enanthate injections or testosterone ointment but also with kampo medicine.
in many facilities , loh treatment effectiveness was assessed after a 3-month period.
efficacy was assessed in different ways.
treatment effectiveness rate ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
the duration of loh treatment was not fixed and was established individually by both the patient and treating physician.
this study showed that the real clinical practices for loh are very diverse , and a general consensus is needed.
central ( aortic ) blood pressure , arterial stiffness , and sympathetic nerve activity increase with age in women.
we studied @number@ young premenopausal ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) and @number@ older postmenopausal ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) women.
using multicolor lineage-tracing and organoid-formation assays , we identified the presence of a progenitor-like acinar cell subpopulation.
these cells have long-term self-renewal capacity , albeit in a unipotent fashion.
we further demonstrate that binuclear acinar cells are terminally differentiated acinar cells.
transcriptome analysis of single acinar cells revealed the existence of a minor population of cells expressing progenitor markers.
interestingly , a gain of the identified markers accompanied by a transient gain of proliferation was observed following chemically induced pancreatitis.
while several compounds exhibited strong activities in individual assays , compound @number@ emerged as a promising multi-target lead for the further structure-activity relationship studies.
these age and lifestyle-related metabolic diseases are often accompanied by insulin and leptin resistance , as well as aberrant amylin production and signaling.
many of these alterations in hormone production and signaling are directly influenced by an increase in both oxidative stress and inflammation.
importantly , changes in hormone production and signaling have direct effects on brain function and the development of age-related neurologic disorders.
future investigations targeting the long-term effects of insulin and leptin treatment may reveal evidence to reduce risk of cognitive decline and alzheimer disease.
fourteen healthy young men performed four to six constant-power-output trials on a cycle ergometer to the limit of tolerance.
critical intensity was calculated via a linear model and subsequently validated.
lactate was measured at baseline and at @number@ min from exercise onset.
delta lactate was the difference between these measures.
based on individual trials , we obtained the delta lactate-% validated critical intensity relationship and thereafter an estimate of critical intensity was computed.
validated and estimated critical intensity were compared by effects sizes , paired-sample t-test and bland-altman analysis.
as balance decreases during the process of aging , knee proprioception has a critical role in body balance and daily activities.
exergaming has shown to be a potentially effective and more enjoyable form of exercise delivery.
a biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure knee joint position sense before and after the exercise program.
conclusion : the results from this study indicate that exergame intervention can enhance knee proprioception in elderly men.
objective : studies examining depressive symptoms and negative mood across the postmenopause are lacking , particularly those that examine prevalence in early and late postmenopause.
this study examines negative mood and depressive occurrence in the menopausal stages to provide a better understanding of prevalence of mood disturbance during this period.
methods : this study was a longitudinal assessment of variables drawn from an epidemiological prospective study of women's healthy aging.
depressive symptoms were assessed using the centre for epidemiological studies depression scale administered at three time points for @number@ years.
results : women's experience of negative mood and depressive symptoms was highest during the menopausal transition and lowest in the late postmenopause.
when controlling for age , there was no difference found between the early and late postmenopause stage mean scores.
objective : maternal age at birth of last child has been associated with maternal longevity.
methods : a nested case control study was conducted using data from the long life family study.
results : age at birth of the last child was significantly associated with leukocyte telomere length.
objective : hiv-positive individuals are at higher risk than healthy persons for aging-related diseases , including myocardial infarction and non-aids defining cancers.
design : peripheral blood samples were collected from @number@ art-naive , hiv-positive , and @number@ hiv-negative male participants , matched by age and race.
blood samples were collected from hiv-positive participants 7-11 years after art initiation.
methods : we compared dnam age between hiv-positive and hiv-negative groups at baseline and between hiv-positive patients at baseline and follow-up.
we also performed an epigenome-wide analysis to identify cpg methylation sites associated with hiv infection.
conclusion : art treatment-naive hiv-positive individuals have significantly older dnam age compared to hiv-negative individuals in the veterans aging cohort study cohort.
longitudinal changes in dnam age are highly variable across individuals after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
accumulation of oxidized proteins is a hallmark of cellular and organismal aging.
adult muscle stem cell ( or satellite cell ) replication and differentiation is compromised with age contributing to sarcopenia.
however , the molecular events related to satellite cell dysfunction during aging are not completely understood.
in the present study we have addressed the potential impact of oxidatively modified proteins on the altered metabolism of senescent human satellite cells.
inactivation of the proteasome appeared to be a likely contributor to the accumulation of such damaged proteins.
metabolic and functional analyses revealed an impaired glucose metabolism in senescent cells.
a metabolic shift leading to increased mobilization of non-carbohydrate substrates such as branched chain amino acids or long chain fatty acids was observed.
increased levels of acyl-carnitines indicated an increased turnover of storage and membrane lipids for energy production.
taken together , these results support a link between oxidative protein modifications and the altered cellular metabolism associated with the senescent phenotype of human myoblasts.
age , depressive symptoms , gender and the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele are independently associated with δ.
@number@ serum proteins were recognized as partial mediators of age's association with δ.
nine other δ-related proteins were not confirmed by this ethnicity adjusted analysis.
our findings suggest that age's association with the disabling fraction of cognitive performance is partially mediated by serum proteins , somatomedins and hormones.
those proteins may offer targets for the specific treatment of age-related effects on dementia severity and conversion risk.
cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that is the causative process of aging.
pten is the major regulator of the pi3k / akt / mtor pathway and loss of pten promotes a senescence response termed pics.
here we report a novel-screening assay , for the identification of compounds that block different types of senescence response.
dna strand breaks triggers a set of highly orchestrated signaling events known as the dna damage response ( ddr ) , which coordinates dna repair.
however , whether the accumulation of dna damage with age is a result of decreased repair capacity , remains to be determined.
functional analysis identified p53 as the most overrepresented pathway that is specifically enhanced and prolonged in 6-month-old mice.
ischemic stroke is associated with aging.
the difference between biological age and actual chronological age would indicate an individual's level of aging.
our aim was to determine the biological age of ischemic stroke patients and compare their aging with controls of the same chronological age.
objectives : we hypothesized greater frailty would be associated with subsequent mortality , disability , and cognitive impairment , regardless of age.
half of those with clinical frailty ( i.e. , clinical frailty scale score ≥5 ) were younger than @number@ years old.
clinical frailty scale scores were not associated with disability in basic activities of daily living or with cognition.
conclusions : frailty is common in critically ill adults aged @number@ years and older and is independently associated with increased mortality and greater disability.
future studies should explore routine screening for clinical frailty in critically ill patients of all ages.
interventions to reduce mortality and disability among patients with heightened vulnerability should be developed and tested.
clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct @number@ and nct @number@ ) .
patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , a common dementia among the aging population , often also suffer from depression.
this comorbidity is poorly understood.
this mutation consists of three adenosine inserts , introducing nine amino acids , including two glutamines into the mutant protein , herein called cpe-qq.
expression of cpe-qq in neuro2a cells demonstrated that it was not secreted , but accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and was subsequently degraded by proteasomes.
expression of cpe-qq in rat hippocampal neurons resulted in cell death , through increased er stress and decreased expression of pro-survival protein , bcl-2.
transgenic mice expressing cpe-qq did not show any difference in the processing enzyme activity of cpe compared with wild-type mice.
cognitive behavioral group therapy ( cbgt ) has in general positive effects on symptoms , distress and avoidance in sad.
prior studies found increased cortical volumes and decreased fractional anisotropy ( fa ) in sad compared with healthy controls ( hcs ) .
thirty-three participants diagnosed with sad attended in a 10-week cbgt and were scanned before and after therapy.
diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed a significant increase in fa in bilateral uncinate fasciculus and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
network-based statistics revealed a significant increase of structural connectivity in a frontolimbic network.
no partial correlations with treatment success have been found in wm analyses.
the treatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type-a ( bont-a ) is a staple for aesthetic providers who specialize in facial rejuvenation.
clinical efforts are currently underway to substantiate upper facial injections ( the corrugator muscles are the target muscles ) of bont-a as an antidepression therapy.
dermal filler and neurotoxin treatments around the periorbital area are assessed when addressing the early signs of aging.
we investigated the relationship between ultrafine particles and particulate matter ( pm ) and daily mortality in eight european urban areas.
we applied city-specific time-series poisson regression models and pooled them with random-effects meta-analysis.
a similar pattern was found for cause-specific mortality.
estimates decreased after adjustment for fine particles ( pm2.5 ) or nitrogen dioxide ( no2 ) .
the stronger association found between particle number concentration and mortality in the warmer season ( @percent@ increase ) became null after adjustment for other pollutants.
conclusions : we found weak evidence of an association between daily ultrafine particles and mortality.
further studies are required with standardized protocols for ultrafine particle data collection in multiple european cities over extended study periods.
studies testing the effectiveness of gnrh antagonists in controlled ovarian stimulation ( cos ) for intrauterine insemination ( iui ) have provided controversial results.
patients started cos with human menopausal gonadotropin ( hmg ) on day three of the menstrual cycle.
these results suggest that adding a reduced dose of gnrh antagonist to the cos for iui cycles significantly improves the outcome of the procedure.
the study cohort consisted of @number@ children aged from @number@ to @number@ years and @number@ aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
in all cases , secondary causes of mn , including infections , autoimmune diseases , and others , were ruled out.
objectives : using ct to describe normal aortic-arch morphology and its changes with age and sex.
methods : @number@ ct scans were studied.
the average men's arch also had a more acute angle at the apex ( @number@.7° vs @number@.7° p < @number@ ) .
neither morphology nor age influenced the winding angle around the mediastinum.
the ascending aorta was the only curvilinear length unaffected by age , whereas the supra-aortic trunks parted from each other.
purpose : metabolic disorders , including mets , obesity , and lipid disorders , may be related to genetic factors.
metabolic disorders are associated with decreased ts levels in aging men.
lipid profile , including tch , ldl , hdl , and tg , was evaluated by spectrophotometric method.
anthropometric measurements concerned wc and blood pressure.
mets was diagnosed according to the criteria of the idf.
the clock-in-the-box ( cib ) is a rapidly administered cognitive screening measure which has been previously validated with cognitive screening and neuropsychological assessments.
the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the predictive validity of the cib for discharge location among a sample of older medical inpatients.
these participants completed the cib , the montreal cognitive assessment , and self-report measures of daily functioning.
results : the participants were older ( mean @number@.5±9.5 years ) and predominantly male ( @percent@ ) .
aim : denture-related stomatitis is a disorder that often affects denture wearers.
yeast samples were taken as a smear from the palate.
the data were collected from @date@ to @date@ .
methods : the study was conducted in an ambulatory university setting.
however , protein-enriched supplements did not increase effects of wb-ems alone.
genome-wide association studies have identified > 50 common variants associated with kidney function , but these variants do not fully explain the variation in egfr.
the national danish registry of medicinal products statistics was used to identify all claimed prescriptions for glaucoma medication and antihypertensive drugs.
furthermore , our data confirm the well-known positive association between age and glaucoma.
to investigate the causal effect of antihypertensive treatment on the onset of treatment for glaucoma , we used a regression discontinuity study design.
this analysis provides our main finding , namely that prescription of antihypertensive medication leads to a significant reduction in the risk of developing glaucoma.
the complexity of central breathing disturbances during sleep has become increasingly obvious.
as yet , there is insufficient knowledge on the clinical features , pathophysiological background and consecutive algorithms for stepped-care treatment.
these statements report the results of an european respiratory society task force addressing actual diagnostic and therapeutic standards.
the statements are based on a systematic review of the literature and a systematic two-step decision process.
although the task force does not make recommendations , it describes its current practice of treatment of csa in heart failure and hypoventilation.
the proband possessed an intermediate phenotype.
deep sequencing of dna from the proband's blood revealed @percent@ c.1968 + 2t > c mutation , and @percent@ c.1968 + 2t > a mutation.
altered cell-cycle activity has been reported in flt3-itd-positive aml ; however , the mechanisms by which this oncogene influences cell-cycle activity remained so far elusive.
materials and methods : a phospho-kinomic screen was used to identify downstream effectors of flt3-itd.
validation and functional characterization was performed by western blotting , cell-cycle analysis and apoptosis assays.
results : we identified aberrant phosphorylation of cdc25c-t48 in flt3-itd mutated cells.
forced expression of cdc25c affected cell-cycle progression but did not affect sensitivity to cellular stress.
conclusion : depending on the oncogenic background , cdc25c may reveal protective or oncogenic functions.
our results identify cdc25c as a downstream target of the mutated tyrosine kinase flt3-itd affecting cell-cycle regulation in a model of aml.
thus , there is only limited information available for possible varying silencer activities amongst different hnrnp proteins and composition changes within possible hnrnp complex assemblies.
in this study , we identified the glycine-rich domain ( grd ) of hnrnp proteins as a unifying feature in splice site repression.
we also show that all four hnrnp d isoforms can act as genuine splicing repressors when bound to exonic positions.
the presence of an extended grd , however , seemed to potentiate the hnrnp d silencer activity of isoforms p42 and p45.
however , whether arthroplasty is associated with lower mortality and complication rates in non-displaced or mildly displaced pffs is unknown.
hypothesis : arthroplasty and internal fixation produce similar outcomes in non-displaced fractures of patients older than @number@ years with pffs.
independent risk factors were sought by multivariate analysis.
we included @number@ females and @number@ males with a mean age of 87±4years.
arthroplasty was performed in @number@ patients and internal fixation in @number@ patients with non-displaced intra-capsular pffs.
results : mortality after @number@ months was @percent@ overall , with no significant difference between the two groups.
complications occurred in @percent@ of patients.
surgical site infections were seen in @percent@ of patients , all of whom had had arthroplasty.
blood loss was significantly greater with arthroplasty ( 311±197ml versus 201±165ml , p < 0.0002 ) .
dependency worsened in @percent@ of patients , and @percent@ of patients lost self-sufficiency.
discussion : neither treatment method was associated with decreased mortality or better function after intra-capsular pffs in patients older than @number@ years.
early mortality rates were consistent with previous reports.
conclusion : internal fixation remains warranted in patients older than @number@ years with non-displaced intra-capsular pffs.
level of evidence : iii , prospective case-control study.
head motion reduces data quality of neuroimaging data.
in three functional magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) experiments we demonstrate that people make less head movements under task than resting-state conditions.
in experiment @number@ we observed less head motion during a memory encoding task than during the resting-state condition.
in the healthy controls , we found more head motion in men than in women and more motion with increasing age.
therefore , we conducted experiment @number@ in which we collected several task and resting-state fmri runs with an acquisition order counter-balanced.
the results of experiment @number@ show again less head motion during several task conditions than during rest.
these finding may inform the choice of functional runs when studying difficult-to-scan populations , such as children or certain patient populations.
myotonic dystrophy type @number@ ( dm1 ) is an inherited neuromuscular disease with multisystemic involvement including the central nervous system.
the evolution of the cognitive profile is a matter of debate , whether an eventual decline could be global or process-specific.
a significant worsening over time was observed for verbal memory , visual attention , and processing speed.
the progression in cognitive scores correlated with age and disease duration , but not with nctg , muscular impairment nor education at baseline.
intellectual functioning remained stable.
the rate of decline was higher among the late-onset phenotype than in the adult phenotype.
globally , results suggest an early and accelerated normal ageing process.
this longitudinal study was based on the largest sample and the longest time period studied to date.
these findings are highly relevant for clinical practice and genetic counselling.
we report a patient with gne myopathy with a homozygous mutation ( c.1505-4g > a ) in gne gene.
the patient recognized progressive weakness of extremities at age @number@
neurological examination at age @number@ revealed severe weakness and atrophy in the tibialis anterior muscles and distal predominant moderate weakness in the extremities.
granuloma formation has never been reported in patients with gne myopathy.
we presume that aggregation of abnormal proteins and autophagy dysregulation in the myocytes of gne myopathy could induce granuloma formation.
background : it seems that gene-environment interaction play most important role in multiple sclerosis development.
increasing the incidence and prevalence of ms during the recent decades in the low prevalence area such as iran is explained better by environment factors.
environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis ( the ' envims-q' ) is a 6-page self-administered questionnaire for case control studies.
methods : this questionnaire translated literally and in culturally relevant form , then content validation process was done by three groups ' experts.
finally , we analyzed repeatability of the answers within a @number@ weeks interval.
results : relevancy and clarity indexes of all items were more than @percent@.
scale relevancy index equaled @percent@ and scale clarity index equaled @percent@.
repeatability of most items was acceptable.
the patients ' edss and nrs scores were @number@.77±2.14 ( range : 1-7.5 ) and @number@.88±11.99 ( range : 42-94 ) respectively.
erps were recorded using the auditory \ "odd-ball \ " paradigm.
t1 and t2 lesions were automatically segmented using an edge-finding tool and total lesion volumes were calculated.
statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression , principal component ( pca ) and discriminant analysis.
results : t1 lesion load emerged as the most significant predictor of p300 and n200 latency.
the rest of the endogenous erps parameters ( p300 amplitude , n200 amplitude ) were not significantly correlated with the mri variables.
pca of pooled neuroradiological and neurophysiological markers suggested that four components accounted for @percent@ of the total variability.
discriminant analysis based on erp & mri markers classified correctly @percent@ of patients in rr , pp and sp subgroups.
conclusion : t1 lesion load is the most significant mri correlate of auditory erps in ms patients.
methods : eighty patients were examined monthly with sdmt for @number@.2±8.4 months.
after @number@.0±8.1 months , sdmt was also performed with a rearranged key in @number@ cases.
results of sdmts with the rearranged and previous regular key were compared.
we also explored if natalizumab applied before regular monthly sdmt may influence practice effect and cognition.
results : sdmt performance improved by @number@ points / test during the first six months and by @number@ points / test thereafter.
rearranging the symbols of the key after @number@.0±8.1 months returned sdmt scores to baseline indicating a practice effect.
practice effect is less pronounced in patients with advanced disease.
@number@ respondents gave usable data ; those data were analyzed via a structural equation model.
however , they feel that the current level of service does not provide reassurance.
the level of service is behind people's expectations.
background : numerous studies suggesting the relation between self-rated health ( srh ) and depression have been reported using different measures.
then , the combined effect of srh-global and srh-age on depressive symptoms was further investigated.
methods : data from the korean longitudinal study of ageing ( klosa ) from @number@ to @number@ were analyzed.
we divided the srh-global and srh-age into three levels-high , middle , and low-and combined each into nine new categories ( srh-combi ) .
the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale-10 korean edition was used as the dependent variable.
results : a total of @number@ participant were enrolled at baseline.
individuals with lower srhs-age compared to srh-global tended to be more vulnerable to depressive symptoms.
the authors sought to measure whether these changes in individuals with schizophrenia remain stable , are accelerated , or are diminished with age.
polynomial regression was used to model the influence of age on gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy at a whole-brain and voxel level.
between-group differences in gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy were regionally localized across the lifespan using permutation testing and cluster-based inference.
the inferred rate of gray matter volume loss was significantly accelerated in schizophrenia up to middle age and plateaued thereafter.
however , the literature is mostly deficient of evidence provided by italian mediterranean islands that more closely adhered to the originally described lifestyles.
anthropometric measurements will be collected.
the main outcomes included depression , quality of life , and , after the follow-up period , also cardiovascular disease and cancer.
facial aging is a complex biological process that affects the skin and superficial musculoaponeurotic system ( smas ) .
all patients completed the study and no complications were noted.
data presented herein confirm the safety and efficacy of recosma treatment for facial rejuvenation.
importance : cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide.
current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning.
cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled mi ratios.
to calculate cancer prevalence , mi ratios were used to model survival.
to calculate ylds , prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights.
the ylls were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy.
dalys were estimated as the sum of ylds and ylls.
a sociodemographic index ( sdi ) was created for each location based on income per capita , educational attainment , and fertility.
countries were categorized by sdi quintiles to summarize results.
findings : in @number@ there were @number@ million cancer cases worldwide and @number@ million deaths.
for men , the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer ( @number@ million cases ) .
for women , the most common cancer was breast cancer ( @number@ million cases ) .
breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and dalys for women ( @number@ @number@ deaths and @number@ million dalys ) .
overall , cancer caused @number@ million dalys worldwide in @number@ for both sexes combined.
between @number@ and @number@ age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in @number@ of @number@ countries or territories.
age-standardized death rates ( asdrs ) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in @number@ of @number@ countries or territories.
countries with an increase in the asdr due to all cancers were largely located on the african continent.
the number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer , stomach cancer , and chronic myeloid leukemia , although these results were not statistically significant.
appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention , early diagnosis , and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer.
the gbd @number@ study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer.
importance : the market for nonsurgical , energy-based facial rejuvenation techniques has increased exponentially since lasers were first used for skin rejuvenation in @number@
findings : three broad categories of technology are leading non-energy-based rejuvenation technology : lasers , light therapy , and non-laser-based thermal tightening devices.
laser light therapy has continued to diversify with the use of ablative and nonablative resurfacing technologies , fractionated lasers , and their combined use.
light therapy has developed for use in combination with other technologies or stand alone.
conclusions and relevance : improvements in safety and efficacy for energy-based treatment have expanded the patient base considering these therapies viable options.
none : growing evidence suggests that regular moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with an attenuation of leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) shortening.
however , more controversy exists regarding higher exercise loads such as those imposed by elite-sport participation.
conclusions : the results suggest that young elite athletes have longer telomeres than their inactive peers.
further research might assess the ltl of elite athletes of varying ages compared with both age-matched active and inactive individuals.
variation in body fat distribution contributes to the metabolic sequelae of obesity.
the genetic determinants of body fat distribution are poorly understood.
given the high levels of inflammatory parameters found in depressed elderly patients , the \ "inflammaging \ " hypothesis is gaining strength.
as insufficient research has been conducted in this field , further prospective studies are clearly warranted.
implementation of the affordable care act ( @number@ ) enabled more than @number@ million people to have new access to primary care services.
on the basis of current utilization patterns , demand for primary care providers is expected to grow more rapidly than physician supply.
this imbalance is expected to worsen , as the aging population requires more health care resources.
in addition , more patients are requiring critical care services and physician numbers are not keeping with this growing need.
restrictions on resident physician practice hours have impacted inpatient care as well.
currently , @number@ states and the district of columbia have adopted fpa for nps , with @number@ more states planning legislation in @number@
allowing fpa and prescriptive authority ( pa ) enables nps to become more efficient and effective patient care team members.
however , physician resistance to fpa and pa presents barriers to implementation.
delivery of high-quality , efficient care by qualified providers is essential for the success of any health care system.
the healthcare provider landscape is rapidly changing.
this has led to an increased utilization of advanced clinical practitioners ( acps ) .
carolinas healthcare system developed a 3-pronged approach to this opportunity.
the development of a center for advanced practice was explored and implemented.
this center serves as a 2-way conduit of information and ideas between system administrators and providers.
it also serves as a central source of regulatory and practice information for administrators and providers.
this program's clinical tracks and curriculum are described.
episodic memory enables the detailed and vivid recall of past events , including target and wider contextual information.
in this paper , we investigated whether / how encoding intentionality affects the retention of target and contextual episodic information from a novel experience.
the probing of contextual information came as a surprise for all participants.
participants also performed several measures of episodic and nonepisodic cognition from which common episodic and nonepisodic factors were extracted.
memory for target ( www ) and contextual information was superior in the intentional group compared with the incidental group.
memory for target and contextual information was unrelated to factors of nonepisodic cognition , irrespective of encoding intentionality.
in addition , memory for target information was unrelated to factors of episodic cognition.
this hypothesis remains to be tested.
we found that verbalizing sequence-congruent information during learning is a powerful tool to generate explicit knowledge and it is especially helpful for younger adults.
our results show that verbalizing during learning slows down reaction times ( rts ) but does not influence the amount of implicit learning.
especially older adults were not able to overcome the cost of the dual-task situation.
design : prospective community-dwelling observational cohort study ( health , aging , and body composition study ) .
participants : women initially aged @number@ to @number@ recruited from pittsburgh , pennsylvania , and memphis , tennessee ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : urinary incontinence was assessed using structured questionnaires.
body mass index ( bmi ) , grip strength , quadriceps torque , and walking speed were assessed using physical examination and performance testing.
appendicular lean body mass ( alm ) and whole-body fat mass were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
conclusion : in women aged @number@ and older , changes in body composition and grip strength were associated with changes in sui frequency over time.
in contrast , changes in these factors did not influence uui.
findings suggest that optimization of body composition and muscle strength is more likely to modify risk of sui than of uui in older women.
patients with skin of color have similar skin care needs as lighter-skin patients.
in patients with ethnic skin ( ie , skin of color ) , energy devices are used more cautiously to avoid adverse events.
the most common and concerning adverse event is postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
lower fluence , longer pulse durations , and careful device selection can mitigate the risk of scarring and pigmentary abnormality.
modified treatment approaches can allow physicians to safely treat patients with skin of color with energy devices.
despite extensive treatment options in patients with skin of color , there is a paucity of well-designed studies performed on this patient population.
an overview and evaluation of the research of combination therapy in skin of color is presented.
this pilot study examined changes in physical activity and function among older adults moving from community dwellings to retirement living.
physical activity was assessed using an actigraph ( gt3x + ) activity monitor ; physical activity by type was reported with the champs activity questionnaire.
physical function was assessed using the senior fitness test.
objectively monitored total physical activity decreased after the transition to retirement living ( p = @number@ ) .
endurance and strength also improved ( p < @number@ and p < @number@ ) .
pilot results indicate that possible physical benefits accrue from retirement living , although efforts to reduce sedentary time are needed.
our study objective was to formulate recommendations on implementing hf care processes in ltc.
this article presents the results of the third phase , which consisted of a series of interdisciplinary workshops.
we developed @number@ recommendations.
key elements of these recommendations focus on improving interprofessional communication and improving hf-related knowledge among all ltc stakeholders.
engaging frontline staff , including personal support workers , was stated as an essential component of all recommendations.
the present study concerns the relation of mental and bodily characteristics to one another during ageing.
the ' common cause ' theory of ageing proposes that declines are shared across multiple , seemingly-disparate functions , including both physical and intellectual abilities.
objectives : abnormally high glucose levels ( dysglycemia ) increase with age.
epidemiological studies suggest that dysglycemia is a risk factor for cognitive impairment but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear.
we also assessed the relation between dysglycemia and cognitive performance.
design : cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study.
setting : northern manhattan ( washington heights , hamilton heights , and inwood ) .
participants : medicare recipients @number@ years and older.
measurements : dysglycemia categories were based on hba1c or history of type @number@ diabetes ( diabetes ) .
the population is aging , and breast cancer incidence increases with age , peaking between the ages of @number@ and @number@
to inform decision-making , tools are available to estimate life expectancy and to educate older women about the benefits and harms of mammography screening.
guides are also available to help clinicians discuss stopping screening with older women with less than a 10-year life expectancy.
ideally , screening decisions would consider an older woman's life expectancy , breast cancer risk , and her values and preferences.
the novel lipidomic biomarkers are reviewed in an effort to underline their role in diagnosis , in prognostic characterization and in prediction of therapeutic outcomes.
a lipidomic investigation through mass spectrometry highlights new insights on molecular mechanisms underlying cancer disease.
this new understanding will promote clinical applications in drug discovery and personalized therapy.
the index date for each patient was the later of the date hiv care began or @date@ .
we excluded patients with less than @number@ years ' follow-up , prevalent diagnoses of lung cancer , or incomplete laboratory data.
findings : we identified @number@ cases of incident lung cancer in @number@ @number@ participants with hiv.
these findings could be used to target lung-cancer prevention measures to high-risk groups.
funding : us national institutes of health.
multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic and caregiving variables with caregiver involvement in three medication management activities.
results : approximately two-thirds of family caregivers ( n = @number@ ) were involved in one or more medication management activities.
conclusions : different demographic and caregiving factors were associated with caregiver involvement in various medication management activities.
recurring factors included race / ethnicity , certain care-recipient disease states , and caregiver involvement in iadls and medically-related activities.
mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of multiple metabolic complications.
physical activity is known to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle , counteracting age-related decline in muscle function and protecting against metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
exercise differentially modulated respiratory complexes.
complex i was the most upregulated complex and not stoichiometrically associated to the other complexes.
in contrast to the other complexes , complex i was almost exclusively found assembled in supercomplexes in muscle mitochondria.
overall , supercomplex content was increased after exercise.
prefrailty was defined by the presence of one or two criteria among the fried criteria.
bilingualism as a component of cognitive reserve has been claimed to delay the onset of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , its effect on cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) ad-biomarkers has not been investigated.
we assessed cognitive performance and csf ad-biomarkers , and potential moderation effect of bilingualism on the association between age , csf ad-biomarkers , and cognition.
cognitively healthy middle-aged participants classified as monolinguals ( n = @number@ n
background : polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drugs have been associated with negative outcomes in older adults which might be reduced by pharmacist interventions.
methods : a monocentric , prospective controlled trial was undertaken at the geriatric wards of a large university hospital.
the primary outcome was the composite endpoint of drug discontinuation and dose reduction of drugs taken on admission.
no signal of harm was seen , and a significant improvement of qol and less ed visits without hospitalization were observed.
conclusions : the combined intervention safely reduced drug use in very old inpatients and outperformed usual geriatric care.
an increased qol was seen , as well as a trend towards less ed visits.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01513265.
nadph oxidases ( noxs ) represent one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species in the vascular district.
reactive oxygen species are responsible for vascular damage that leads to several cardiovascular pathological conditions.
of note , the inhibition of nox2 has been found to be protective for cardiovascular homeostasis.
it has been thought that for scientific acceptance of a parameter , its psychometric properties such as reliability , validity and responsiveness have critical roles.
twenty older adults participated in the study.
subjects began stepping over the force platform in response to an auditory stimulus.
ten trials were collected in one session.
exoskeletons that assist walking have the potential to restore walking capacity by reducing the metabolic cost of walking.
however , it is unclear if current exoskeletons can reduce energy cost in elderly.
she has been observed for over @number@ years , as she repeatedly refused reoperation.
background : maintenance of lean muscle mass and related strength is associated with lower risk for numerous chronic diseases of aging in women.
design : we performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort.
main outcome measures : our study measured percent lean mass , percent fat mass , and lean body mass index.
likelihood ratio tests and stratified analysis were used to investigate physical activity and body mass index as potential effect modifiers.
importantly , those that also engage in physical activity have the highest lean mass across body mass index categories.
objective : the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dynapenia and metabolic risk factors in obese and nonobese older adults.
additionally , ndyn-o demonstrated higher diastolic blood pressure compared with dyn-o ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ p ≤ @number@ ) .
no significant differences were found across dynapenia and obesity status for all other metabolic components ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusion : nonobese dynapenic older adults had fewer metabolic disease risk factors than nonobese and nondynapenic older adults.
moreover , among obese older adults , dynapenia was associated with lower risk of meeting mets criteria for waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure.
additionally , the presence of dynapenia did not increase cardiometabolic disease risk in either obese or nonobese older adults.
objectives : declining muscle mass and function are hallmarks of the aging process.
the preservation of muscle trophism may protect against various negative health outcomes.
age- and sex-specific curves of muscle mass , strength , and function , using data from a large sample of community-dwelling people , are necessary.
muscle mass was estimated by using mid-arm muscle circumference ( mamc ) and calf circumference of the dominant side.
muscle strength and function were assessed through handgrip strength testing and repeated chair stand test , respectively.
cross-sectional inspection suggests that both calf circumference and mamc decline nonlinearly with age and the rate of decline varies by gender.
the main effect of the age category was observed in muscle strength and physical performance parameters.
muscle strength declined significantly after @number@ years of age , both in men and women ( p < @number@ ) .
in particular , the analyses of trajectories of muscle parameters may help identify cutoffs for the estimation of risk of adverse events.
objectives : falls are highly prevalent in individuals with cognitive decline.
design : multicenter cross-sectional study.
setting : \ "gait , cognition & decline \ " ( good ) initiative.
measurements : falls history was collected retrospectively at baseline in each study.
gait speed and stride time variability were recorded at usual walking pace with the gaitrite system.
results : the prevalence of individuals who fall was @percent@ in ad and @percent@ in non-ad ; whereas it was @percent@ in chis.
only mild and moderate non-ad dementia were associated with an increased risk for falls in comparison with chi.
conclusions : these findings suggest that non-ad , but not ad dementia , is associated with increased falls in comparison with chis.
gomisin n ( gn ) is a phytochemical derived from schisandra chinensis.
it has been reported to exert a protective effect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress.
however , the detailed mechanism by which gn inhibits hepatic steatosis remains to be elucidated.
furthermore , in vivo protective effects of gn against hepatic steatosis were assessed in high-fat diet ( hfd ) -induced obese mice.
gn stimulated the phosphorylation of ampk , acetyl-coa carboxylase ( acc ) , and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c ( srebp1c ) in hepg2 cells.
it decreased the expression of lipogenesis genes , but increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes.
however , preincubation with compound c , an ampk inhibitor , prevented gn-mediated effects.
administration of gn to hfd-induced obese mice decreased hfd-induced liver weight , hepatic tg accumulation , and cytoplasmic lipid droplet.
these findings demonstrate that gn activates the ampk pathway and ameliorates hfd-induced hepatic steatosis.
introduction : tobacco use remains a leading modifiable cause of cancer incidence and premature mortality in the u.s. and globally.
despite increasing life expectancy worldwide , less is known about the effects of cigarette smoking on older populations.
this study sought to determine the effects of smoking on mortality in older age.
participants completed a questionnaire detailing their smoking use in 2004-2005 , and were followed for mortality through @date@ .
analyses were conducted between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : as among younger people , lifetime cigarette smoking history is a key determinant of mortality after age @number@ years.
cannabinoid receptors ( cbr ) , including cb1 and cb2 have been therapeutic targets for a number of conditions.
recently , splice variants of the cb1r have been identified in humans.
sickle cell disease ( scd ) is an inherited haemoglobin disorder , associated with recurrent painful episodes , ongoing haemolytic anaemia and progressive multi-organ damage.
until the early 1990s , survival beyond the fourth decade for a patient with scd was considered unusual and prompted case reports.
nowadays , in countries with developed health care systems , more than @number@ percent of newborns with scd survive into adulthood.
nevertheless , their life expectancy is still shortened by more than two decades compared to the general population.
limited data on health care issues of older adults with scd poses multiple challenges to patients , their families and health care providers.
in this review , we will address and discuss acute and chronic complications of scd with a special focus on the older adult.
many forensic str kits are currently available in the market.
the ampflstr® identifiler® plus kit , which targets @number@ strs , is commonly used worldwide.
the thai forensic dna community is built around it in terms of instrument , databases , and interpretation.
qiagen's idplex plus kit targets the same loci , but the pcr cycling time is shorter by about 90min.
a direct comparison that assesses forensic parameters and applicability to casework between the two kits has never been carried out.
the results demonstrate that both kits are statistically similar in performance.
idplex plus gave higher peak heights in sensitivity test and tolerated inhibitors better , but had slightly worse inter-locus balances and stutter ratios.
however , these differences were not practically significant , as seen by the resulting profiles of the casework samples ( p = 0.601 ) .
the performance on low-template samples also was not different.
having more kits available worldwide by different companies could help bring the technology to different forensic laboratories and the justice system as a whole.
methods : the offspring of @number@ pregnant women ( @number@ non-diabetic controls , @number@ with diet- or insulin-controlled gdm ) were recruited before delivery.
cord blood was collected.
after lipid extraction , pl , ce , tg and nefa were separated by thin layer chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography.
we investigated relationships between outdoor air pollution and pterygium in korean adults.
this study includes @number@ adults in population-based cross-sectional data using the korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2008-2011.
pterygium was assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy.
associations of multiple air pollutants with pterygium or pterygium recurrence after surgery were examined using multivariate logistic models , after adjusting for several covariates.
distributed lag models were additionally used for estimating cumulative effects of air pollution on pterygium.
of air pollution factors was significantly associated with pterygium or pterygium recurrence ( each p > @number@ ) .
male sex and myopia were negatively associated with pterygium recurrence ( each p < @number@ ) .
however , studies comparing llr with orl in elderly patients are limited.
the purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of llr versus olr for hcc in elderly patients.
demographic data , operative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.
results : demographic and tumor characteristics of laparoscopic and olrs were similar.
there were also no significant differences in operating room time.
there were no significant differences in major complication rates or 90-day mortality.
discussion : llr is safe and feasible as olr for treatment of hcc in selected elderly patients.
the berg balance scale ( bbs ) has been the main instrument used to evaluate balance impairment.
the purpose of this study is to investigate reliability and validity of the persian translation of bbs in parkinson disease.
methods : one hundred pd patients ( with mean age of @number@ ± @time@ years ) were included.
interrater reliability was measured with the kappa statistics and interclass correlation coefficients.
the mean of kappa coefficient between two examiners was @number@ which was between @number@ and @number@ for various items.
the total score recorded by both examiners , interclass correlation coefficient , was @number@ which is excellent.
cronbach's alpha for iranian version of bbs was @number@ which shows the excellent reliability of the questionnaire ( @number@.62-0.9 for all items ) .
conclusion : the persian version of the bbs has excellent interrater reliability and internal consistency for the assessment of pd patients.
recent studies suggest that allergic rhinitis is highly prevalent in the elderly population , but is underdiagnosed and undertreated.
the main management trend for allergic rhinitis in elderly patients is the same as the trend in young patients.
second-generation antihistamines and nasal glucocorticosteroids are also the first-line therapies in seniors.
in conclusion , undertreatment of allergic rhinitis in the elderly is a reality.
pharmacological treatment is quite similar in both older and younger patients with allergic rhinitis.
the care of the older person with hip fracture is complicated by their comorbid condition , limited physiological reserve , cognitive impairment and frailty.
existing literature has reported on the suboptimal treatment of pain in this orthogeriatric cohort.
with recent advancements in medical care , a number of options have emerged as alternatives to conservative systemic analgesia.
systemic analgesia , such as opioids , can lead to untoward side effects , especially in this particular group of patients.
hence , peripheral nerve blocks , epidural analgesia and regional anaesthesia have emerged as options in the delivery of adequate pain relief in hip fractures.
besides that , there is ongoing debate regarding the appropriate anaesthesia technique for surgical repair of the fractured hip.
fingertips wrinkle due to long exposure to water.
the biological reason for this morphological change is unclear and still not fully understood.
in reality , contraction of the lower layers of the skin and swelling of the upper layers will happen simultaneously.
however , the relative importance of these two mechanisms to drive fingertip wrinkling also remains unclear.
this latter results indicates that the collaborative effect of both hypothesis are needed to induce wrinkles in the fingertips.
dysphagia in elderly patients has a major effect on nutrition and quality of life ( qol ) .
this study assessed the manometric diagnoses of elderly patients with dysphagia compared with diagnoses in younger counterparts.
participants included @number@ consecutive patients examined for dysphagia from @number@ to @number@
the three groups were compared in regard to symptoms , esophageal motility , and health-related qol ( hrqol ) .
symptoms rated ≥4 points on the likert scale were defined as significant.
manometric diagnoses were generally similar across the three groups.
ineffective esophageal motility was more prevalent in groups a and c than in group b , although the difference was not statistically significant.
no significant differences in manometric parameters or hrqol were detected among the three groups.
despite differences in symptom patterns , broad manometric diagnoses and impairment of hrqol in elderly patients with dysphagia are similar to those in younger counterparts.
accumulating evidence indicates that senescent cells play an important role in many age-associated diseases.
recently , we discovered abt-263 , a potent and highly selective senolytic agent , by screening a library of rationally-selected compounds.
with this screening approach , we also identified a second senolytic agent called piperlongumine ( pl ) .
pl is a natural product that is reported to have many pharmacological effects , including anti-tumor activity.
we employ both continuous and categorical measures of age to test for a potential moderating effect.
overall findings based on linear regression analyses reveal that the mental distress resulting from the perception of physically deteriorating neighborhood declines with age.
although research has found that sexual activity declines with age , most of this literature examines people in long-term marriages.
little is known about the initiation of new sexual relationships in later life.
in-depth interviews with @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ years were conducted to examine their personal and collective narratives regarding sexuality in later life.
in contrast to common perceptions , none of the participants felt that aging had negatively impacted their own sexuality.
for many , this was a time in their lives when they were experiencing renewed sexual desire and enjoyment.
the discussion focuses on understanding women's sexual relationships and behaviors within the context of their cohort and lives.
a survey was conducted with @number@ ugandans aged @number@ and older , living with and without hiv.
we use ordinal logistic regression to identify independent factors associated tslv.
objectives : the effects of age-related hearing loss are severe.
early detection is essential for maximum benefit.
however , most hearing-impaired adults delay obtaining treatment.
the purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of application-based hearing screening in an elderly population.
methods : the uhear application was downloaded to an ipad.
application-based hearing screening was performed in a non-soundproofed quiet room , and subsequently all participants underwent full diagnostic audiometry in a soundproof booth.
results : sixty patients were recruited and completed both tests.
significant differences were observed between the hearing results obtained with the application and the standard audiogram at all frequencies and in both ears.
conclusions : the uhear application is inaccurate in assessing hearing thresholds for screening in the elderly.
however , when site-specifically corrected , the uhear application may be used as a screening tool for hearing loss in an elderly population.
once localized to membranes , lrrk2 then influences downstream events , evidenced by changes in the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
introduction : physical and cognitive function decline with age , accelerating during the 6th decade.
moreover , the impact of muscle strength training on cognitive function and brain structure remains speculative.
methods and analysis : the study includes @number@ home-dwelling men and women ( 62-70 years ) .
results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals , in phd theses and at public meetings.
the study is approved by the regional ethical committee ( capital region , copenhagen , denmark , number h-3-2014-017 ) .
trial registration number : nct02123641.
the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is very heterogeneous.
therefore , a plethora of prognostic factors has been identified to allow a better prediction of the individual prognosis of a given patient.
the clinical staging systems by rai and binet have been the backbone of clinical management for several decades.
using this knowledge , several scores have been created to improve predicting overall survival and / or treatment-free survival.
these prognostic scores were developed in the era of chemotherpay / chemoimmunotherapy.
therefore , they now need to be tested with novel agents.
hematopoietic cell transplantation ( hct ) remains a cornerstone of treatment of many hematologic malignancies but transplant-associated morbidity and mortality limit application to older patients.
ga incorporates measures of comorbidity , function , nutrition , social support , and other health-related domains to better describe physiologic age.
ultimately , incorporation of physiologic age can improve estimates of nondisease life expectancy , prognostic survival after hct , and inform hct candidacy.
future research on the optimal tools to characterize physiologic age and appropriate interventions in the context of transplant are needed.
the advent of molecular genetic testing panels in hematology clinical practice has complicated the evaluation of older patients with unexplained anemia.
this approach presents logistic problems and limits the possibilities for remote assessment , an important issue for these patients.
this study evaluated the feasibility of using a computer-based assessment battery , including simulations of everyday activities.
the battery was compared to in-person standard assessments of cognition and fc with respect to baseline convergence and sensitivity to group differences.
the sample included @number@ older adult patients with schizophrenia and @number@ older adult healthy controls that were administered the battery at two time points.
the results indicated that the battery was sensitive to group differences in fc.
our results show that it is feasible to use technology-based assessment protocols with older adults and patients with schizophrenia.
objectives : to compare energy expenditure and volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during a high-speed yoga and a standard-speed yoga program.
design : randomized repeated measures controlled trial.
setting : a laboratory of neuromuscular research and active aging.
interventions : sun-salutation b was performed , for eight minutes , at a high speed versus and a standard-speed separately while oxygen consumption was recorded.
caloric expenditure was calculated using volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
main outcome measures : difference in energy expenditure ( kcal ) of hsy and ssy.
significant differences were also seen between high-speed and standard-speed yoga for volume of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced.
conclusions : high-speed yoga results in a significantly greater caloric expenditure than standard-speed yoga.
high-speed yoga may be an effective alternative program for those targeting cardiometabolic markers.
background : exercising , including dancing , has been recommended to improve cardiovascular health of older people.
study selection : rcts and nrcts comparing elderly before and after dance interventions with non-exercising controls and / or practitioners of other types of exercise.
two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies.
results : a total of @number@ articles were retrieved , @number@ full texts were assessed for eligibility , and @number@ articles met the inclusion criteria.
pooled mean differences between intervention and control were calculated by random-effects model.
drawing on adorno's essay on beethoven's late style , said also focuses on the aesthetic aspects of lateness.
aging studies and postcolonial studies belong together in a rather fundamental way , given that they share profound theoretical roots and far-reaching critical perspectives.
these texts have had a decisive influence on both aging studies and postcolonial studies.
additional sources of interest are the phenomenology of responsibility by emmanuel lévinas and works on absurdity and rebellion by albert camus.
we might similarly ask \ "can the old speak ? \ "
postcolonial discourse tells us that this is not quite as easy as some versions of so-called \ "happy gerontology \ " proclaim.
the concepts of ' house ' and ' home ' are compelling and contradictory.
they are compelling because they elicit the desired sentiments of permanence , feeling ' at home' , and maintaining continuity in one's life.
in our conclusion , we draw attention to inequalities and the need for a life course perspective to ground future thinking.
our conceptual discussion is based on insights gained from a 3-year project on older homelessness in montreal , canada.
objective : ' community livability ' is a widely used term that is still under-conceptualized.
the purpose of the project was to theorize key dynamics of livability for older adults who are aging in place in their homes and communities.
methods : twelve community-dwelling adults ( 70 + ) were recruited in a multiple-case study design.
interviews and naturalistic observations were used over the course of 6months.
we used grounded theory analysis.
we identify three core processes of livability including enacting an ideology of aging , building social infrastructure , and negotiating daily participation.
these three processes unfolded in varied ways , yet closely shaped-and were shaped by-the older adults ' participation in their necessary and chosen daily activities.
discussion : community livability is a process that varies considerably from the current conceptualizations.
understanding and expanding livability considerations will have positive implications for older adults ' well-being while aging in community settings.
the proponents prioritise ideas of intergenerational justice and meritocratic justice based on individual performance , and underline pension-related interest oppositions between age groups and cohorts.
by contrast , opponents and sceptics tend to focus on needs-based justice and social inequalities within age groups.
concomitantly , the actors have different ideas on how a flexible transition to retirement could be organised , with country differences being more pronounced here.
despite long-term , conceptually and theoretically refined discussions , the phenomenon of ageism still remains empirically under-developed.
it also underlines that adopting a gender and context sensitive approach into ageism opens up promising avenues for further conceptual development.
aim of study : negotiations about problem definitions are a crucial part of psychotherapeutic and counselling work.
the data consist of telephone conversations between a psychotherapist and people seeking help for their life difficulties on a swedish radio programme.
this paper is based on an ethnographic fieldwork aimed at exploring ethnographically how vulnerability in old age is perceived and experienced in contemporary denmark.
this essay proposes drawing on homi k. bhabha's concept of colonial mimicry to theorize the young-old's imitation of midlife.
aging in place is desirable from the perspective of older adults and policy makers alike.
however , the meaning of ' place ' for adults experiencing homelessness has been largely overlooked.
when it comes to old age , we are witnessing almost revolutionary changes at the present time.
after decades of ignorance and lack of public interest , old age has fundamentally been re-negotiated.
in this paper , i will present a reading of senior life through the lens of postcolonial theory.
in fact the intersection of aging and disability has been largely underexplored in both social gerontology and disability studies.
method : this critical ethnography engaged ten older adults aging with vision loss in narrative interviews , participant observation sessions , and semi-structured in-depth interviews.
abdomino-pelvic magnetic resonance showed a @number@ × @number@ × @number@ cm subcutaneous solid mass involving the rectus abdominis muscle.
pelvic organs appeared normal , while right external iliac lymph nodes appeared enlarged ( maximum diameter = @number@ mm ) .
the muscular gap was repaired employing a gore-tex mesh while the external covering was made by a pedicled perforator fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap.
final diagnosis was clear cell endometrial adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis foci within the caesarean section scar.
pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes were metastatic.
the anti-aging effect of c. fistula flower extract on human skin fibroblast was investigated.
methods : the butanolic extraction of c. fistula flowers was completed and the active compounds were classified.
the cytotoxicity of fibroblasts was evaluated by srb assay for the purposes of selecting non-toxic doses for further experiments.
the collagen and hyaluronic acid ( ha ) synthesis was then measured using the collagen kit and elisa , respectively.
moreover , the enzyme activity , including collagenase , matrixmelloproteinase-2 ( mmp-2 ) and tyrosinase , were also evaluated.
aging is intrinsically associated with a progressive decline in muscle strength and mass , and aerobic capacity.
this contributes to reduced mobility and impaired quality of life ( qol ) among seniors.
regular physical activity , and more particularly aerobic training ( at ) , has demonstrated benefits on adults ' health.
a comprehensive , systematic database search for manuscripts was performed.
two reviewers independently assessed interventional studies for potential inclusion.
cardiovascular , metabolic , functional , cognitive , and qol outcomes were targeted.
fifty-three studies were included totalling @number@ seniors aged @number@ years and over.
for qol results showed a significant but slighter improvement.
participants received 60-min individualized training sessions , @number@ times a week for @number@ weeks.
a nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of @number@ reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants.
three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed.
this is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
these studies are usually based on self-reported hearing difficulties , which are potentially endogenous to labor supply.
we use unique representative data collected in the spring of @number@ through in-home interviews.
the data contains self-reported functional and clinically-measured hearing ability for a representative sample of the danish population aged 50-64.
we estimate the causal effect of hearing loss on early retirement via disability benefits , taking into account the endogeneity of functional hearing.
we use hearing aids as an instrument for functional hearing.
however , relative to the baseline the effect is larger for men ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , respectively ) .
availability of assistive devices in the workplace decreases the likelihood of receiving disability benefits , whereas informing an employer about hearing problems increases this likelihood.
objective : our study aimed to investigate the association between maternal-perceived psychological stress and fetal telomere length.
methods : we recruited women in labor upon hospital delivery admission.
we collected umbilical cord blood samples ( n = @number@ ) and isolated genomic dna from cord blood leukocytes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
we used a ratio of relative telomere length derived by telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio ( t / s ratio ) .
we applied analysis of variance and bootstrapping statistical procedures.
the m-aaa protease preserves proteostasis of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
while essential functions of the m-aaa protease for neuronal survival have been established , its role in adult glial cells remains enigmatic.
understanding the molecular underpinnings of how pnns are altered in normal physiology and disease will offer insights into new treatment approaches for these diseases.
the development of visual function takes place over many months or years in primate infants.
visual sensitivity is very poor near birth and improves over different times courses for different visual functions.
the neural mechanisms that underlie these processes are not well understood despite many decades of research.
abnormal visual experience during the sensitive period can lead to amblyopia , a developmental disorder of vision affecting ∼3% of children.
this review provides a historical perspective on research into visual development and the disorder amblyopia.
introduction : babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease ( tbd ) caused by babesia microti , an intracellular parasite of red blood cells.
currently , it is the highest ranked pathogen transmitted by blood transfusion.
most healthy individuals infected with b. microti are asymptomatic , but may be at risk for chronic infection.
similar to lyme disease transmitted by borrelia burgdorferi , b. microti is spread by ixodes scapularis ticks.
the rate of coinfection with these tbds in humans is unclear as most studies have focused their prevalence in ticks or rodent reservoirs.
results : overall , @percent@ of the serum samples tested were positive for igm and igg antibodies against b. microti , suggesting exposure to tbd.
in contrast , the lyme disease-negative control group had only @percent@ of samples seropositive for b. microti.
background : obesity and insulin resistance are associated with neuropathology and cognitive decline in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
autotaxin may be a novel biomarker of dysmetabolism and ad.
statistical analyses were conducted using spss software.
multinomial regression analyses tested if higher autotaxin was associated with higher relative risk for mci or ad diagnosis , compared to the cn group.
linear mixed model analyses were used to regress autotaxin against mri , fdg-pet , and cognitive outcomes.
spearman correlations were used to associate autotaxin and csf biomarkers due to non-normality.
freesurfer @number@ derived mean cortical thickness in medial temporal lobe and prefrontal regions of interest.
results : autotaxin levels were significantly higher in mci and ad.
each point increase in log-based autotaxin corresponded to a @number@ to @number@ times higher likelihood of having mci and ad , respectively.
conclusions : these results are comparable to previous reports using insulin resistance.
csf autotaxin may be a useful dysmetabolism biomarker for examining ad outcomes and risk.
the observed trajectory of [ 18f ] -fdg alterations deviated from our proposed hypothesis of gradual decreases with worsening amyloidosis.
moreover , [ 18f ] -fdg uptake did not correlate to measures of ex vivo amyloid burden.
our findings suggest that while amyloid-β is sufficient to induce hypometabolism , these pathologies are not linked in a dose-dependent manner in tastpm mice.
results : we included @number@ patients ( 86±6 years ) : @number@ dp , @number@ ndp , and @number@ csnd.
@percent@ of population was walking after @number@ months ( @percent@ with assistance ) : no difference was found between the three groups.
conclusion : in a dedicated geriatric care pathway , dp and csnd undergoing hip surgery have the same 6-month mortality and walking ability as ndp.
it is , however , unclear whether cognitive training within a multiple-modality program elicits an additive benefit to executive / cognitive processes.
notably , pre- and post-intervention executive control was examined via the antisaccade task ( i.e. , eye movement mirror-symmetrical to a target ) .
thus , multi-modality exercise training improved executive performance in persons with a scc independent of mind-motor training.
accordingly , we propose that multiple-modality training provides a sufficient intervention to improve executive control in persons with a scc.
background : many older people worry about cognitive decline.
objective : to develop and validate online and telephone-based automated self-tests of cognitive function.
the ability of these self-tests to accurately distinguish mci and dementia from scd was examined with roc curves.
convergent validity was examined by calculating rank correlations between the self-tests and neuropsychological tests.
the auc of the mmse was @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.74-0.89 ) .
by contrast , the telephone self-test had lower diagnostic accuracy ( auc = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.64-0.86 ) .
both self-tests had good convergent validity as demonstrated by moderate to strong rank correlations with neuropsychological tests.
conclusion : we demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy and convergent validity for the online self-test of cognitive function.
it is therefore a promising tool in the screening for mci and dementia.
genetics and lifestyle independently determine dementia risk , but the interaction is unclear.
physical exercise moderated the relationship between genotype and dementia ( p < @number@ ) .
given that most individuals are not at genetic risk , physical exercise may be an effective strategy for preventing dementia.
aim : to study the impact of aging on dna methylation and mrna expression in human liver.
experimental procedures : we analysed genome-wide dna methylation and gene expression in human liver samples using illumina 450k and humanht12 expression beadchip arrays.
we identified @number@ genes whose liver expression also correlated with age.
conclusions : we identified age-associated dna methylation and expression changes in human liver that are partly reflected by epigenetic alterations in blood.
an important line of postgenomic research seeks to understand how genetic factors can influence epigenetic patterning.
here we review epigenetic effects of chromosomal aneuploidies , focusing on findings in down syndrome ( ds , trisomy @number@ ) .
methods : pd subjects were identified from the arizona study of aging and neurodegenerative disorders database ( stn-dbs = @number@ non-dbs = @number@ ) .
no differences in substantia nigra pigmented neuron loss scores were found.
results : lrrk2 levels were increased in cases with restricted lewy bodies , with a @percent@ increase measured in the substantia nigra.
in clinical parkinson's disease , levels of lrrk2 negatively correlated to disease duration and were comparable with controls.
lrrk2 phosphorylation , however , particularly at serine @number@ was reduced with clinical parkinson's disease with a @percent@ reduction measured in the substantia nigra.
conclusions : our data show that lrrk2 phosphorylation is reduced with clinical pd , whereas lrrk2 expression is increased in early potential prodromal stages.
ganoderma lucidum is a well-known representative of mushrooms that have been used in traditional chinese medicine for centuries.
new discoveries related to this medicinal mushroom and its biological properties are frequently reported.
however , only recently have scientists started to pay special attention to g. lucidum spores.
this is in part because of the recent development of methods for breaking the spore wall and extracting biocompounds from the spore.
this review therefore describes the main advances in techniques for breaking the spore wall and extracting biocompounds from the spore.
a loss of cartilage function and quality is also seen with increasing age.
at the recent aarhus regenerative orthopaedics symposium ( aros ) @number@ regenerative challenges in an ageing population were discussed by clinicians and basic scientists.
a group of clinicians was given the task of discussing the role of tissue engineering in the treatment of degenerative cartilage lesions in ageing patients.
the study illuminated the np experience in caring for the older adult while addressing the complexities of medication management through narrative stories in practice.
methods : nps self-identifying as caring for older adults were interviewed ( n = 15 ) .
narrative inquiry and the three-dimensional narrative inquiry space were used to guide the researcher during data collection and analysis.
conclusions : three common themes emerged from the narratives.
these themes illuminated the complexities nps face in managing patients with multiple comorbidities , taking multiple medications , and seeing multiple providers.
radiofrequency ( rf ) and light-emitting diodes ( leds ) are widely used , clinically proven technologies for skin rejuvenation.
study design : thirty-three subjects performed @number@ treatment sessions every other day , over @number@ weeks on the periorbital areas.
in addition , two maintenance treatments were conducted @number@ and @number@ months following treatment end.
each subject served as his / her own control , comparing results before treatment , and @number@ months following treatment end.
results : thirty subjects completed the study.
a blinded , independent photographs assessment of three dermatologists demonstrated an average reduction of @number@ fitzpatrick scores ( p < @number@ ) .
analysis revealed improvement ( downgrade of at least @number@ score ) in almost all subjects.
no unexpected adverse events were reported.
post-treatment erythema was seen in all subjects and disappeared within @number@ h.
in some subjects , post-treatment edema was detected and resolved within @number@ h.
high satisfaction with the device operation , ease of treatments , safety , and wrinkle reduction was reported.
objectives : klotho deficiency has been previously linked to aging-like phenotypes such as osteoporosis , cognitive impairment , and sarcopenia.
low serum klotho was shown to be related to grip strength and disability.
nonetheless , no previous study has explored the association between serum klotho and fractures.
design : the health , aging , and body composition ( health abc ) study is a longitudinal cohort study of @number@ community-dwelling older adults.
setting : us clinical centers.
measurements : percent annualized bmd change and fracture risk were compared across klotho quartiles.
a poisson distribution was used to calculate age-adjusted fracture incidence rates , and cox proportional hazards models for multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios.
results : the annualized percent changes in hip , femoral neck , and vertebral bmd were similar across klotho quartiles.
participants experienced @number@ nonspine fractures , @number@ hip fractures , and @number@ vertebral fractures.
the incidence rate ( ir ) of nonspine fractures was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
the most frequent site was hip ( ir = @number@ per @number@ person-years ) and the ir of vertebral fractures was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
design : qualitative cross-sectional study.
setting : community.
participants : thirty-one veterans age @number@ years and older and their surrogates.
they were asked about barriers to and facilitators of acp engagement.
when they did not agree about engagement , they each provided their perspective on what they believed had or had not occurred.
results : many of the same barriers to and facilitators of engagement were discussed by both patients and surrogates.
for some dyads , participation in the study prompted additional communication , resulting in a better shared understanding of acp engagement.
conclusion : surrogates can both impede and facilitate engagement in acp , and they can hold different perceptions from patients regarding this engagement.
background : producing youthful facial appearance by face-lifting often comes along with an undesired loss of patient's individual phenotype.
methods : the technique reported here preserves most retaining ligaments.
they serve to fix the facial soft tissue mass in loco.
with the possible exception of the zygomatic-cutaneous ligament , they are only carefully distended.
the smas intersegmental connections and the zygomatic smas border are preserved to retain effective points of facial tissue fixture.
aging-associated thinning and lengthening of the lower eyelid are reduced by midfacial-submalar preparation ( aston @number@ ) .
subplatysmal preparation and disconnection of the cranial-platysmal border permits optimal modeling of neck structure.
in addition , undesired outcomes of facelift surgery and common risks of facelift surgery are circumvented.
background : the physiological aging of the eye is associated with loss of visual function.
age-related changes of the eye can result in ophthalmological diseases.
the aim of this article is to display morphological , histological and molecular biological alterations of the aging eye.
the most important results related to morphological , histological and molecular biological changes are summarized.
in addition to negligible clinical signs of the aging eye , there are clinically relevant changes which can develop into pathological ophthalmological diseases.
these transitions from age-related alterations to relevant ophthalmological diseases , e. g. age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are continuous.
conclusion : an understanding of aging could provide predictive factors to detect the conversion of physiological aging into pathological conditions.
the derivation of physiological markers or new approaches to detection and treatment of disease-related entities associated with the risk factor aging are desirable.
translational approaches in clinical and basic science are necessary to provide new therapeutic options for relevant ophthalmological diseases in the future.
inhalation of the isoflurane anesthetic leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
therefore , the present study was designed to investigate the role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling in isoflurane-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in aged rats.
the results indicate that isoflurane induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and activated can , which subsequently lead to the putative activation of nf-κb.
in addition , can and nf-κb inhibition attenuated isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive impairment.
these protein factors may therefore present promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of pocd.
advanced bladder cancer is treated mainly with gemcitabine and cisplatin , but most patients eventually become resistance.
androgen receptor ( ar ) signaling has been implicated in bladder cancer as well as other types of cancer including prostate cancer.
first of all , we established gemcitabine-resistant t24 cells ( t24gr ) from t24 bladder cancer cells and performed gene expression profiling.
microarray analysis revealed upregulation of ar expression in t24gr cells compared with t24 cells.
the copy number of ar gene in t24gr cells determined by pcr was twice as many as that of t24 cells.
ar silencing by sirna transfection resulted in inhibition of proliferation of t24gr cells.
cell culture in charcoal-stripped serum and treatment with enzalutamide inhibited growth of t24gr cells , which was accompanied by cell cycle arrest.
ar transcriptional activity was found to be reduced in t24gr cells by enzalutamide treatment.
lastly , enzalutamide also inhibited cell proliferation of htb5 bladder cancer cells that express ar and possess intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine.
our results suggest that enzalutamide may have the potential to treat patients with advanced gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer with increased ar expression.
hematopoietic-specific microrna-142 is a critical regulator of various blood cell lineages , but its role in erythrocytes is unexplored.
herein , we characterize the impact of microrna-142 on erythrocyte physiology and molecular cell biology , using a mouse loss-of-function allele.
the analyses presented reveal previously unappreciated functions of microrna-142 and contribute to an emerging view of small rnas as key players in erythropoiesis.
the genetic basis controlling language development remains elusive.
previous studies of the ( comt ) val158met genotype and cognition have focused on prefrontally guided executive functions involving dopamine.
however , comt may further influence posterior cortical regions implicated in language perception.
we investigated whether comt influences language ability and cortical language processing involving the posterior language regions in @number@ children aged 6-10 years.
we assessed language ability using a language test and cortical responses recorded during language processing using a word repetition task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
the comt genotype had significant effects on language performance and processing.
both genotype groups exhibited equal language performance at approximately @number@ years of age.
val homozygotes exhibited significantly less cortical activation compared with met carriers during word processing , particularly at older ages.
these findings regarding dopamine transmission efficacy may be explained by a hypothetical inverted u-shaped curve.
objective : lineage-negative bone marrow cells ( lin- bmcs ) are enriched in endothelial progenitor cells and mediate vascular repair.
aging-associated senescence and apoptosis result in reduced number and functionality of lin- bmcs , impairing their prorepair capacity.
the molecular mechanisms underlying lin- bmc senescence and apoptosis are poorly understood.
micrornas ( mirnas ) regulate many important biological processes.
the identification of mirna-mrna networks that modulate the health and functionality of lin- bmcs is a critical step in understanding the process of vascular repair.
changes of the level and activity of several enzymes removing exocyclic adducts from the dna was reported during carcinogenesis.
in addition , adducts of lpo products to proteins was reported during aging and age-related diseases.
the paper summarizes pathways for exocyclic adducts removal and describes how proteins involved in repair of these adducts can modify pathological states of the organism.
ros alter signaling pathways and constitute potential therapeutic targets to limit oxidative damaging effects in aging-associated diseases.
parathyroid hormone receptors ( pthr ) are widely expressed and pth is the only anabolic therapy for osteoporosis.
the effects of oxidative stress on pthr signaling and trafficking have not been elucidated.
pthr internalization and recycling were measured in hek-293 cells stably transfected with ha-pthr.
pth increased camp production , erk phosphorylation , and elevated intracellular calcium.
objectives : due to increasing aging , the epidemiology of vhd may have changed in china.
this study aimed to provide contemporary information on the prevalence , distribution patterns , and etiology of severe vhd in china.
methods : this was a retrospective survey at second affiliated hospital of zhejiang university , which included all consecutive patients between @number@ and @number@
results : in all , @number@ patients were enrolled.
severe mr and as prevalence rates increased strikingly with age.
aortic valve calcification was the predominant as etiology , and its prevalence greatly increased with age.
in severe ar , rheumatic fever was the most common etiology in patients below @number@ in those above @number@ etiology was mostly degenerative.
in severe primary mr , mitral valve prolapse was the most common cause.
prevalence of secondary mr increased with age , from @percent@ in 18-44years old to @percent@ in individuals ≥75.
young adults present mainly with primary mr , while secondary mr is more common in elderly ones.
background : palliative care competencies in surgical training are recognized to improve the care of surgical patients with advanced or life-threatening illnesses.
formal programs to teach these competencies are lacking.
the study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of a unique surgical palliative care immersion training program.
objective and self-assessments were performed at baseline , immediately post training and 5-months after training.
for all pre-test , post-test comparisons on likert scale , wilcoxon signed rank test was used.
for aggregate scores a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used.
results : forty of the forty-eight residents ( @percent@ ) completed the learner's needs assessment survey.
thirty-four ( @percent@ ) of the forty-eight residents in the residency program participated in the spcit.
significant improvement was noted in objective assessment of post-test aggregate scores ( mean difference @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.52-3.77 , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the newly developed spcit program drastically improves knowledge , attitudes and perceived skills of general surgery residents.
similar training can be implemented in other surgical residency programs.
methods : the authors examined myocardial function in a retrospective cross-sectional study from a cohort of ad patients and age-matched controls.
imaging and proteomics approaches were used to identify and quantify aβ deposits in ad heart and brain specimens compared with controls.
cell shortening and calcium transients were measured on isolated adult cardiomyocytes.
results : echocardiographic measurements of myocardial function suggest that patients with ad present with an anticipated diastolic dysfunction.
ad and hf are both debilitating and life-threatening conditions , affecting enormous patient populations.
in this study , we investigated sleep alterations , the factors involved , and the role of cortisol in sleep-related problems in institutionalised individuals.
plasma cortisol was measured in the morning and determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy , along with other blood analytical parameters.
conclusion : sleep disorders are common in institutionalised older individuals and are not related to sleep duration or decreased by ingestion of hypnotic medications.
acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) in dermal fibroblasts has been postulated to promote skin cancer progression in elderly individuals.
the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored.
using transwell® migration assays , we show that chemerin enhances the chemotaxis of different cscc cell lines.
notably , the chemerin receptor ccrl2 is remarkably upregulated in cscc cell lines and human patient biopsies.
silencing chemerin in senescent fibroblasts or the ccrl2 and gpr1 receptors in the scl-1 cscc cell line abrogates the chemerin-mediated chemotaxis.
these findings might have implications for targeted therapeutic interventions in elderly patients.
hence , it is yet unclear whether brca1 / 2 mutation carriers may indeed be at risk of a reduced reproductive lifespan.
study design , size , duration : a multicenter , cross-sectional study was performed between @date@ and @date@ in @number@ women.
a cross-sectional assessment was performed by measuring serum amh levels and filling out a questionnaire.
multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age , current smoking and current hormonal contraceptive use were performed on log-transformed serum amh levels.
two hundred and fifty-five women were available for analyses ; @number@ brca1 / 2 mutation carriers and @number@ proven non-carriers.
limitations , reasons for caution : participants were relatively young.
power was insufficient to analyze brca1 and brca2 mutation carriers separately.
ron j. van golde has received unrestricted research grants from ferring and merck serono , outside the submitted work.
frank j.m. broekmans is a member of the external advisory board for merck serono ( the netherlands ) , outside the submitted work.
trial registration number : ntr no.
@number@
background : mobility limitation is highly prevalent among older adults and is central to the loss of functional independence.
dynamic isokinetic muscle fatigue testing may reveal increased vulnerability to disability and mortality beyond strength testing.
isokinetic quadriceps work and fatigue index was determined over @number@ repetitions and compared with isometric quadriceps maximum torque.
work was normalized to leg lean mass accounting for gender-specific differences ( specific work ) .
the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.
results : there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) occurrences of incident psll and @number@ ( @percent@ ) deaths during median follow-up of @number@ years.
after adjustment , lower isokinetic work was associated with significantly greater risks of psll and mortality across the full measured range.
lower isometric strength was associated with psll , but not mortality.
fatigue index was not associated with psll or mortality.
rationale : menopause is associated with changes in sex hormones , which affect immunity , inflammation , and osteoporosis and may impair lung function.
lung function decline has not previously been investigated in relation to menopause.
we measured follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and added information on menstrual patterns to determine menopausal status using latent class analysis.
measurements and main results : menopausal status was associated with accelerated lung function decline.
clinicians should be aware that respiratory health often deteriorates during reproductive aging.
aging is the major risk factor for both the development of chronic diseases and loss of functional capacity.
ion conduction mechanisms of ion channels are a long-standing conundrum.
this approach effectively revealed the ion conduction mechanisms and their dependence on the conditions , i.e. , ion concentration and membrane voltage.
here , we present an easy-to-use computational toolkit for ion-binding state analysis , called ibisa tools.
this toolkit consists of a c + + program and a series of python and r scripts.
from the trajectory file of md simulations and a structure file , users can generate several images and statistics of ion conduction processes.
as a tutorial , a trajectory of a @number@ ns md simulation of the kv1.2 channel is also distributed with the toolkit.
users can trace the entire process of ion-binding state analysis step by step.
the novel method for analysis of ion conduction mechanisms of ion channels can be easily used by means of ibisa tools.
this software is distributed under an open source license at the following url : @url@
the maintenance of chronic immune activation due to leishmaniasis or even due to microbial translocation is associated with immunosenescence and may contribute to frequent relapses.
the patients were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) and secondary prophylaxis after vl therapy.
during active vl , the two groups were similar in all immunological parameters , including the parasite load.
the viral load remained low , without correlation with the activation.
the two groups showed elevated but similar percentages of senescent t cells.
these findings suggest a decreased ability of the r group to downmodulate immune activation compared to the nr group.
such functional impairment of the effector response may be a useful indicator for predicting clinical prognosis and recommending starting or stopping secondary prophylaxis.
we examined the item characteristics , the factor structure , and the concurrent validity of a trait measure of psychobiosocial states.
the concurrent validity of the pbs-st scale scores were also examined in comparison with two sport-specific emotion-related measures and a general measure of affect.
results of study @number@ provided evidence of substantial measurement and structural invariance of all dimensions across samples.
the low association of the pbs-st scale with other measures suggests that the scale taps unique constructs.
findings of the two studies offer initial validity evidence for a sport-specific tool to measure psychobiosocial states.
in this study , we explore the potential connection ( s ) between h3k9me3 loss and the impaired ddr in hgps.
we find that the intensities of gammah2ax foci appear significantly weaker in the g0 / g1 phase hgps cells compared to control cells.
this reduction is associated with a delay in the recruitment of essential ddr factors.
aging is associated with sarcopenia , which is a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function.
furthermore , peak flow as a function of respiratory muscle force was assessed.
the majority of cilia are formed and maintained by the highly conserved process of intraflagellar transport ( ift ) .
mutations in ift genes lead to ciliary structural defects and systemic disorders termed ciliopathies.
age-dependent restoration of cilia morphology occurs in structurally diverse cilia types and requires ift.
in recent years there has been an exponential increase of fillers use in aesthetic medicine.
the great number of fillers on the market is composed of a large heterogenic number of biomaterials.
the aim of this review was to provide an overview and a classification of the filling materials that are most commonly used.
a synthesis of the literature concerning fillers and related side effects was also reported.
the law decree no.
@number@ of @number@ converted in the law no.
with respect to their degradation , filler materials may be classified as temporary ( degradable ) , semi-permanent and permanent ( not degradable ) .
the temporary fillers such as hyaluronic acid and collagen are completely degraded by the surrounding tissue in a few months.
the permanent fillers , such as the ones derived from silicon oil and minerals are not biodegradable and may cause serious and irreversible side effects.
transforming growth factor beta ( tgfβ ) signaling in breast cancer is selectively associated with pulmonary metastasis.
however , the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
bcl-3 expression was significantly associated with metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients.
bcl-3 deletion inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro , as well as breast cancer lung metastasis in vivo.
bcl-3 was required for the expression of downstream tgfβ signaling genes that are involved in breast cancer lung metastasis.
bcl-3 knockdown enhanced the degradation of smad3 but not smad2 following tgfβ treatment.
bcl-3 could bind to smad3 and prevent the ubiquitination and degradation of smad3 protein.
these results indicate that bcl-3 serves as a promising target to prevent breast tumor lung metastasis.
the active form stimulates the keap1 / nrf2 transcriptional pathway and thus production of phase @number@ antioxidant enzymes.
we used both in vitro and in vivo models.
for in vitro studies , we evaluated protective effects of ca on primary neurons exposed to oligomeric aβ.
we treated these mice trans-nasally with ca twice weekly for @number@ months.
subsequently , we performed neurobehavioral tests and quantitative immunohistochemistry to assess effects on ad-related phenotypes , including learning and memory , and synaptic damage.
in vitro , ca reduced dendritic spine loss in rat neurons exposed to oligomeric aβ.
in vivo , ca treatment of happ-j20 mice improved learning and memory in the morris water maze test.
histologically , ca increased dendritic and synaptic markers , and decreased astrogliosis , aβ plaque number , and phospho-tau staining in the hippocampus.
background : networks of family and friends are a source of support and are generally associated with higher life satisfaction values among older adults.
on the other hand , older adults who are satisfied with their life may be more able to develop and maintain a wider social network.
for this reason , the causal link between size and composition of the social networks and satisfaction with life is yet to be explored.
moreover , we also investigate the patterns of this relation between different european countries.
however , the positive relationship between network size and life satisfaction is consistent across countries.
conclusions : apparently , a larger personal network is important for older adults ( 50 + ) to be more satisfied with life.
our results suggest that this relation is particularly positive if the network is comprised of family members.
recent studies suggest that some ka patients engage in medical tourism and receive medical care in their home country.
the impact of medical tourism on crc screening is unknown.
methods : this is a community-based , cross-sectional study involving self-administered questionnaires conducted from @date@ to @date@ .
data was collected on @number@ ka patients , ages 50-75 , residing in the seattle metropolitan area.
predictor variables are socio-demographics , health factors , acculturation , knowledge , financial concerns for medical care costs , and medical tourism.
results : in multi-variate modeling , medical tourism was significantly related to being up-to-date with crc screening.
conclusions : this study identifies the impact of medical tourism on crc screening and characteristics of ka patients who report engaging in medical tourism.
trial registration : not applicable.
electroencephalographic spectral analysis was performed using the c3 / a2 channel.
sop-2 also showed less theta and alpha activity.
conversely , sigma and beta activity were more represented during soremp compared with the nocturnal rem period in patients with nt1.
the mediterranean diet is currently considered a functional diet with an increasing amount of scientific evidence that supports its beneficial effects in human health.
background : social capital is an economical idea that refers to connections between individuals and entities that can be economically valuable.
material and methods : chen’s personal social capital scale was applied to @number@ women aged between @number@ and @number@ years during @number@
cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was calculated.
results : the cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was @number@
the average score for social capital was @number@ points of a maximum of @number@
bridging capital scores had the higher disparity , specifically in participation in community organizations and the representation of their interest in them.
bonding capital decreased along with a higher age of interviewed women ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
higher territorial roots were associated with a lower perception of social community resource availability ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the social capital scores in these women were low.
their better support networks were close relationships and relatives.
the sensation of solitude increased with age.
this experiment examined the impact of context expectation on prospective memory ( pm ) performance among older and younger adults.
participants responded to pm target words embedded in an ongoing lexical decision task ( ldt ) .
older and younger adults performed similarly on the pm task.
participants ' ldt response latencies were used to assess cost of the pm task to the ongoing task.
latencies were discernibly longer in the ldt block where the pm targets were expected compared to the block where they were not expected.
there are few long-term nationally representative studies of all-cause mortality among those infected with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) .
there were @number@ deaths over a median follow-up of @number@ years.
all-cause mrr was stratified by sex , age and race / ethnicity.
racial disparity was seen in the all-cause mortality as mexican americans with chronic hcv had approximately seven times higher mortality rate than hcv-negative individuals.
this suggests that these at-risk individuals should be targeted for hcv screening and treatment , given the availability of new highly effective hcv therapies.
background : although there is no agreement on a definition of elderly , commonly an age cutoff of ≥65 or @number@ years is used.
nowadays most of malignancies requiring surgical treatment are diagnosed in old population.
comorbidities and frailty represent well-known problems during and after surgery in elderly patients.
robot-assisted surgery is a recent improvement of conventional minimally invasive surgery.
aims : we provided a complete review of old and very old patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery for oncologic and general surgery interventions.
patients and methods : a retrospective review of all patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery in our general surgery unit from @date@ to @date@ was conducted.
male were @percent@.
the mean age was @number@ years ( 18-89 ) .
patients aged ≥65 years represented @percent@ and ≥80 years @percent@.
overall conversion rate was of @percent@ , most in the group 65-79 years ( @percent@ of all conversions ) .
the more frequent diseases treated were colorectal surgery @percent@ , followed by hepatobilopancreatic surgery @percent@ , upper gastro-intestinal @percent@ , and others @percent@.
discussion : robot-assisted surgery is a safe and effective technique in aging patient population too.
there was no increased risk of death or morbidity compared to younger patients in the three groups examined.
a higher conversion rate was observed in our experience for patients aged 65-79.
prolonged operative time and in any cases steep positions ( trendelenburg ) have not represented a problem for the majority of patients.
heart failure places an enormous burden on health and economic systems worldwide.
it is a complex disease that is profoundly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
neither the molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure nor effective prevention strategies are fully understood.
heart failure in drosophila , as in humans , can be classified into dilated cardiomyopathies and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies.
critically , many genes and cellular pathways directing heart development and function are evolutionarily conserved from drosophila to humans.
moreover , the fly model presents opportunities for innovative studies that cannot currently be pursued in the mammalian heart because of technical limitations.
aberrant α-synuclein ( α-syn ) accumulation has been shown to impair mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential ( mmp ) .
however , the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
we examined @number@ participants aged ≥50 years from a subsample of the mexican health and aging study.
fourteen percent reported arthritis , and @percent@ had vitamin d insufficiency.
the arthritis only group was three times more likely to report upper-lower extremity functional limitations and adl disability.
the vitamin d insufficiency only group was not significantly associated with functional limitations nor adl disability.
arthritis and vitamin d insufficiency increased the risk of adl disability in this population.
of the study subjects , @number@ had csa proven and @number@ were non-csa.
conclusions : aldh2 2synergistically exacerbates ts risk for csa , probably through aldehydes.
background : the size of the rapidly exchanging pool of body zinc has been suggested as having potential utility as a biomarker of zinc status.
knowledge of the relations of exchangeable zinc pool ( ezp ) size to relevant variables is necessary to adequately evaluate its use as a biomarker.
objective : we used regression analysis to investigate associations of ezp with age , sex , body size , and zinc nutrition variables.
linear regression analyses were performed separately on data from adults and children.
results : in children , ezp was most strongly associated with weight ( r = @number@ ) .
in contrast , ezp in adults varied with several factors , including absorbed zinc , and was statistically smaller in zinc-deprived individuals.
additional data are needed to reach a definitive conclusion.
none : the ability to navigate through space involves complex interactions between multiple brain systems.
although it is clear that spatial navigation is impaired during aging , the networks responsible for these altered behaviors are not well understood.
this is the first study to examine whole-brain network activity in young or old nonhuman primates while they actively or passively traversed an environment.
none : during the first months of life , human infants process phonemic elements from all languages similarly.
however , by @number@ months of age , as language-specific phonemic maps are established , infants respond preferentially to their native language.
this process , known as perceptual narrowing , supports neural representation and thus efficient processing of the distinctive phonemes within the sound environment.
time-frequency analyses conducted at source level found variations in both θ and γ ranges across age.
significance statement : during early language acquisition , typically developing infants gradually construct phonemic maps of their native language in auditory cortex.
this perceptual narrowing occurs at the expense of the ability to process non-native phonemes.
however , the neural mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood.
understanding the normative neural mechanisms that support early language acquisition is crucial to understanding and perhaps ameliorating developmental language disorders.
whether or not mitophagy depends on prior mitochondrial fragmentation by the canonical mitochondrial division machinery is controversial.
in this issue , yamashita et al.
( @number@
background : agonistic angiotensin ii type @number@ receptor autoantibodies ( at1raabs ) have not been associated with functional measures or risk for adverse health outcomes.
at1raabs could be used to stratify patient risk and to identify patients who can benefit from angiotensin receptor blocker treatment.
a group from chicago ( n = 60 ) was used for validation of associations and to explore the impact of angiotensin receptor blocker treatment.
results : the baltimore group had @number@ subjects with falls , @number@ frail subjects , and @number@ deaths.
the chicago group had @number@ subjects with falls and @number@ deaths.
conclusions : in older individuals , higher at1raab levels were associated with inflammation , hypertension , and adverse outcomes.
angiotensin receptor blocker treatment may blunt the harm associated with high levels of at1raab.
this article outlines the design of this ongoing prospective nested cohort study.
the south african cohort consisted of randomly selected households ( n = 4030 ) across the country.
spot and 24-hour urine samples are collected in a random subsample ( n = 1200 ) and sodium , potassium , creatinine and iodine analysed.
salt behaviour and sociodemographic data are captured using face-to-face interviews , alongside blood pressure and anthropometric measures.
all living beings are programmed to death due to aging and age-related processes.
aging is a normal process of every living species.
while all cells are inevitably progressing towards death , many disease processes accelerate the aging process , leading to senescence.
healthy aging can delay onset of all age-related diseases.
genetics and epigenetics are reported to play large roles in accelerating and / or delaying the onset of age-related diseases.
cellular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases are not completely understood.
however , recent molecular biology discoveries have revealed that micrornas ( mirnas ) are potential sensors of aging and cellular senescence.
the purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in mirnas and their involvement in cellular changes in aging and senescence.
our article discusses the current understanding of cellular senescence , its interplay with mirnas regulation , and how they both contribute to disease processes.
stages were characterized using empirically defined methods.
methods : a total of @number@ cognitively normal alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and florbetapir pet scan.
conclusions : substantial amyloid accumulation in cortical areas has already occurred before one meets criteria for a clinical diagnosis.
findings support the utility of our novel method for staging preclinical ad.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 978-990 ) .
objectives : white matter ( wm ) integrity within the mesial temporal lobe ( mtl ) is important for episodic memory ( em ) functioning.
both ε4 status and dti correlated with change in immediate recall.
conclusions : longitudinal em changes in cognitively intact , healthy elders can be predicted by disruption of the mtl wm microstructure.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 1005-1015 ) .
the shown trends have contributed to intergenerational discordance in the perception of familial values , which is important in addressing the psychological well-being of parents.
this study aimed to investigate the association between the marital status of offspring aged @number@ years and over and the depression levels of parents.
methods : data were from the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) , 2006-2012.
a total of @number@ individuals with at least two offspring aged @number@ years and over were included.
subgroup analysis was performed based on offspring education level.
in the subgroup analysis , these higher depression score effects were largely limited to parents with high school graduate offspring.
background : both physical frailty and cognitive impairment predict death , but the joint effect of these two factors is uncertain.
methods : an analysis of an existing prospective cohort study of @number@ community living older adults followed over a five-year time frame.
age , gender , and education were self-reported.
cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the outcome of time to death.
adjusted for age , gender , and education , the hr ( @percent@ ci ) was @number@ ( @number@
conclusions : both frailty and cognitive impairment are predictors of mortality and the effect is cumulative.
there was no interaction in this effect.
brain imaging data were used to model passage of biomarkers across the blood-brain barrier.
background : in mammals , the igf-1 pathway affects the phenotype of aging.
functional studies revealed that mir-96 and mir-182 interacted with human igf-1r mrna , and that mir-145 and mir-132 interacted with human foxo1 mrna.
background : reduced muscular strength in the old age is strongly related to activity impairment and mortality.
however , studies evaluating the gender-specific association between muscularity and mortality among older adults are lacking.
methods : data used in this study derived from the cooperative health research in the region of augsburg ( kora ) -age study.
the present analysis includes @number@ individuals ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ sd years ) followed up over @number@ years.
handgrip strength was measured using the jamar dynamometer.
a cox proportional hazard model was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios of mortality with @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) for handgrip strength.
results : during the follow-up period , @number@ men ( @percent@ ) and @number@ women ( @percent@ ) died.
low handgrip strength was significantly associated with all-cause mortality among older men and women from the general population after controlling for significant confounders.
the association between muscular strength and all-cause mortality tended to be stronger in women.
it seems to be particularly important for the weakest to enhance their levels of muscular strength in order to reduce the risk of dying early.
respondents also wore a step pedometer over @number@ consecutive days to estimate average daily steps.
background : sex and age strongly influence the pathophysiology of human lungs , but scarce information is available about their effects on pulmonary gene expression.
methods : we followed a discovery-validation strategy to identify sex- and age-related transcriptional differences in lung.
conclusions : gene expression in non-tumor lung tissue is modulated by both sex and age.
her-2 positive tumors are among the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and are frequently associated with metastasis and poor outcome.
using histological and immunohistological analysis of whole mammary glands at different stages of development , we detected no significant changes between normal and gal-7-deficient mice.
these data suggest that gal-7 could potentiate the phenotype of her-2 positive primary breast cancer.
background : depression in persons with physical disabilities may be more common than in the general population.
conclusion : this study reaffirmed that disability is the risk factor of depression , using longitudinal data.
in addition , female gender is the effect modifier rather than the risk factor.
the effect of gender in the non-disability group , mostly composed of older persons , is limited.
on the contrary , the female disability group showed more depressive symptoms than the male disability group.
the gender difference in the disability group and the role of culture on these differences need further research.
to date , there are no approved therapeutics for ga treatment ; however , several are in clinical trials.
this review focuses on the pathophysiology of ga , particularly the role of complement cascade dysregulation and emerging therapies targeting the complement cascade.
methods : primary literature search on pubmed for ga , complement cascade in age-related macular degeneration.
clinicaltrials.gov was searched for natural history studies in ga and clinical trials of drugs targeting the complement cascade for ga.
complement inhibition has been identified as a key candidate for therapeutic intervention , and drugs targeting the complement pathway are currently in clinical trials.
conclusion : the complement cascade is a strategic target for ga therapy.
further research , including on natural history and genetics , is crucial to expand the understanding of ga pathophysiology and identify effective therapeutic targets.
widespread use of electronic health records ( ehrs ) among all provider types is foundational to delivery system transformation.
three in @number@ nurse practitioners used ehrs in @number@ ( @percent@ ) , and @percent@ of nonusers planned to adopt within @number@ months.
practice setting , younger age , and colocation with physicians were associated with ehr use.
in hospitals and in settings without on-site physicians , ehr use lagged in rural areas.
implementation assistance should be targeted to nonadopters , particularly those who never or infrequently work alongside physicians and those in rural hospitals.
sustained technical assistance with using ehrs for performance improvement and care coordination is also needed.
rab1a expression is associated with malignant phenotypes in several human tumors ; however , the role of rab1a in lung cancer is still unclear.
in this study , we attempted to establish the role of rab1a in major human lung cancer subtypes.
the effect of rab1a expression on multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways was also examined.
rab1a knockdown had no effect on mtor signaling or cell growth.
these data suggested that rab1a may be involved in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer in an mtor- and mapk-independent manner.
acto-myosin contractility in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts leads to assembly of the tumor extracellular matrix.
the pro-inflammatory cytokine lif governs fibroblast activation in cancer by regulating the myosin light chain @number@ activity.
so far , however , how lif mediates cytoskeleton contractility remains unknown.
we demonstrate that the membrane-bound icam-1 isoform is necessary and sufficient to promote inflammation-dependent extracellular matrix contraction , which favors cancer cell invasion.
indeed , icam-1 mediates generation of acto-myosin contractility downstream of the src kinases in stromal fibroblasts.
moreover , acto-myosin contractility regulates icam-1 expression by establishing a positive feedback signaling.
thus , targeting stromal icam-1 might constitute a possible therapeutic mean to counteract tumor cell invasion and dissemination.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) manifests with acute and chronic cell death pathways leading to initial impacted injury and subsequent neurodegeneration.
fortunately , neuroinflammation also provides an opportunity for therapeutic interventions.
as far as regulation of energy balance is concerned there is recent evidence that ee rather than body weight is under tight control.
biologically , ee is maintained within a narrow physiological range.
an ee-set point has been proposed as the width between the upper and lower boundaries of the individual ee range.
there is a moderate heritability of ee , which is independent of the heritability of ffm.
in future , metabolic phenotyping should focus on the ee-ffm relationship rather than on ee-values alone.
therefore , we investigated ff hdl particle components as predictors of embryo quality during ivf.
concentrations of @number@ non-cholesterol hdl particle components and @number@ hdl-cholesterol ( hdl-c ) particle size subfractions were determined.
embryo quality was assessed for embryo cell number , embryo fragmentation , and embryo symmetry.
multivariable poisson regression with a sandwich variance estimator was used to evaluate associations between hdl particle components and embryo quality , adjusted for covariates.
higher concentrations of hdl-c subfractions in the large and medium particle size ranges were associated with poorer embryo quality.
the nitric oxide ( no ) pathway is a key regulator in the cardiovascular system and modulates vascular tone and myocardial performance.
therefore , the no-cgmp pathway is a treatment target in heart failure.
more recently , novel classes of drugs were discovered which enhance cgmp production by targeting the no receptor soluble guanylate cyclase ( sgc ) .
preclinical data will be reviewed and summarized , and available clinical data with riociguat and vericiguat , novel direct sgc stimulators , will be presented.
vericiguat is currently being studied in a phase iii clinical program for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ( hfref ) .
purpose : f-fdopa is a highly sensitive and specific radiopharmaceutical for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma ( ppgl ) imaging.
no difference was observed for lat1 / lat2 mrna levels.
trained community health workers delivered the 10-week programs.
both groups experienced improvements.
these community-based programs showed similar improvements in preventive health , mobility and arthritis outcomes.
japanese health system has been evaluated to be the closest to the ideal universal health coverage ( uhc ) in the world.
\ "ideal uhc \ " is to ensure that all people could obtain the health services they need without suffering any financial hardship.
many countries that have public health insurance system like japan have introduced health technology assessment ( hta ) for pricing and reimbursement decision.
japan has decided to implement hta and the provisional phase has started this year.
the use of health-economic data is different between japan and uk.
for instance , health-economic data is used only for pricing in japan , although it is also used for reimbursement in the uk.
hta implementation in japan has been criticized , saying that it might prohibit patients ' access to medical treatments.
however , the hta is the solution of rising national burden of medical costs.
it could benefit to sustainable uhc , and therefore , it could ensure patients ' access to essential medicines.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) is an age-related multifactorial disease featuring non-uniform lung fibrosis.
the decisive cellular events at early stages of ipf are poorly understood.
while the involvement of club cells in ipf pathogenesis is unclear , their migration has been associated with lung fibrosis.
cldn10-positive cells in ipf lungs displayed marked pleomorphism and were found in varied arrangements , suggesting their phenoconversion.
these results were corroborated by immunogold labeling for cldn10.
thus , our new findings open the possibility for club cell-targeted therapy to become a strategic option for the treatment of ipf.
dietary restriction ( dr ) regimens have been shown to extend health span and lifespan in many animal models including primates.
identifying biomarkers predictive of clinical benefits of treatment is one of the primary goals of precision medicine.
to monitor the clinical outcomes of dr interventions in humans , several biomarkers are commonly adopted.
however , a validated link between the behaviors of such biomarkers and dr effects is lacking at present time.
we found that dr is effective in reducing total and visceral adipose mass and improving inflammatory cytokines profile and adiponectin / leptin ratio.
collectively , we developed a useful platform to evaluate the human responses to dietary regimens low in calories.
chronological age is not a good indicator of how each individual ages and thus how to maintain good health.
the aim was to identify and validate several immune cell function parameters as markers of biological age.
adult , mature , elderly and long-lived human volunteers were used.
the chemotaxis , phagocytosis , natural killer activity and lymphoproliferation in neutrophils and lymphocytes of peripheral blood were analyzed.
the results showed that the evolution of these functions was similar in humans and mice , with a decrease in old subjects.
however , the long-lived individuals maintained values similar to those in adults.
thus , the parameters studied are good markers of the rate of aging , allowing the determination of biological age.
traits that facilitate competition for reproductive resources or that influence mate choice generally have a heightened sensitivity to stressors.
they have evolved to signal resilience to infectious disease and nutritional and social stressors , and they are compromised by exposure to man-made toxins.
i provide a review of these dynamics and illustrate associated vulnerabilities in nonhuman species.
background : effective communication between residents with dementia and care providers in long-term care homes ( ltchs ) is essential to resident-centered care.
pre- and postintervention scores were compared to evaluate the effects of the intervention.
a total of @number@ residents and @number@ care providers in an ltch participated in the feasibility study.
results : the rate of care providers ' adherence to the communication plans was @percent@.
postintervention , residents experienced a significant increase in overall qol.
care providers had significant improvement in mood and perceived reduced burden.
augmentation is a common complication , with prevalence rates of nearly @percent@ , and is a common cause of treatment failure.
furthermore , augmentation occurs almost exclusively during treatment with dopaminergic drugs.
due to its frequency , there is a strong clinical need for treatment alternatives to dopaminergic drugs.
people with disabilities are often marginalized through their lack of access to a range of services and opportunities.
assistive products can help people overcome impairments and barriers enabling them to be active , participating and productive members of society.
this paper illustrates how the achievement of each of the @number@ sdgs can be facilitated by the use of assistive products.
without promoting the availability of assistive products the sdgs cannot be achieved equitably.
we highlight how assistive products can be considered as both a mediator and a moderator of sdg achievement.
background : the lao people's democratic republic is facing a critical shortage and maldistribution of health workers.
strengthening of the health workforce has been adopted as one of the five priorities of the national health sector strategy ( 2013-2025 ) .
this study aims to identify , explore , and better understand the key challenges for strengthening the laotian health workforce.
methods : this study applied exploratory and descriptive qualitative methods and adapted a working life-span framework.
twenty-three key stakeholders with particular insights into the current situation of the health workforce were purposively recruited for in-depth interviews.
important policy documents were also collected from key informants during the interviews.
thematic analysis was employed for the textual data using maxqda @number@
these problems are interrelated , both in how the issues arise and in the effect they have on one another.
it is also essential to take the laotian-specific context into consideration during intervention development and implementation.
furthermore , the government should acknowledge the inadequate health management capacity and invest to improve human resource management capacity at all levels.
lipid accumulation product ( lap ) is an index used for evaluating lipid overaccumulation in adults.
after @number@ d of aging , @number@.5-cm-thick steaks were cut , consecutively cut steaks were paired for consumer evaluation.
consumer panelists ( = @number@ ) evaluated samples for tenderness , juiciness , flavor liking , and overall liking.
additionally , consumers rated each palatability trait as either acceptable or unacceptable.
samples were fed in @number@ rounds on the same day : blind and informed testing.
in the first round , blind testing , consumers were served @number@ sample from each treatment , with no product information provided.
in the second round , consumers were informed of the brand or quality grade prior to sampling.
however , ratings for choice and select samples were unaffected ( > @number@ ) when brand was disclosed.
conversely , there was no difference ( > @number@ ) in the percentage of choice and select samples rated as acceptable for all palatability traits.
frequencies , distribution , interaction of genes , and correlation with infertility and ivf outcome of clinical pregnancy were analyzed.
the data support c allele as a protective factor for ivf pregnancy outcome.
further researches should be focused on the mechanism of these associations.
this may be due in part to the relationship of ltl with other biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease risk.
we also examine whether these associations differed systematically by age , race / ethnicity , gender , education , and income.
these associations were 10%-15% greater without controlling for leukocyte cell types.
there were very few differences in the associations by age , race / ethnicity , gender , education , or income.
our findings are relevant to the relationships between these cardiovascular biomarkers in the general population but not to cardiovascular disease as a clinical outcome.
conclusions : ltl is most strongly associated with adiposity , but is also associated with biomarkers across several physiological systems.
our results are consistent with ltl being a biomarker of cardiovascular aging through established physiological mechanisms.
however , the molecular links between proangiogenic signals and downstream gene expression remain unclear.
here , we identify mef2 transcription factors as crucial regulators of sprouting angiogenesis directly downstream from vegfa.
objectives : a virtual-reality training program has been developed to help older pedestrians make safer street-crossing decisions in two-way traffic situations.
the aim was to develop a small-scale affordable and transportable simulation device that allowed transferring effects to a full-scale device involving actual walking.
thereafter , the @number@ older trained and untrained participants took part in a @number@.5-h post-test phase again with both devices.
results : pre-test phase results suggested significant differences between both devices in the group of older participants only.
unlike younger participants , older participants accepted more often to cross and had more collisions on the small-scale simulation device than on the full-scale one.
quercetin ( qe ) plays an important role in inflammation , antibacterial , anticancer , and aging.
however , qe has extremely low water solubility , which is a major challenge in drug absorption.
in this study , we described a simple method for synthesis of qe / cdse / zns nanoparticles ( qcz nps ) .
the qcz nps had an average diameter of 10nm and prominent yellow emission under uv irradiation.
we investigated the antibacterial activity of qcz nps against drug-resistant escherichia coli ( e. coli ) and bacillus subtilis ( b. subtilis ) in vitro.
results showed that qcz nps had considerably more effective antibacterial activities than qe or cdse nanoparticles ( cdse nps ) .
antibacterial experiment results showed that qcz nps acted against e. coli and b. subtilis by disrupting the bacterial cell wall and membrane.
in vivo study , the qcz nps could cure inflammation and lesion which caused by e. coli.
cdse nps loaded with qe , these qcz nps exhibited excellent antibacterial ( e. coli and b. subtilis ) and anticancer ( bgc-823 ) activities.
purpose of study : dementia affects more than @number@ million americans , and is a leading cause of death.
family members of nursing home ( nh ) residents with advanced dementia report difficulty making decisions about care toward the end of life.
design and methods : this qualitative study was conducted as part of the goals of care clinical trial.
semi-structured interviews were analyzed using a qualitative description approach.
results : family members ' experience of decision making and death differed based on the presence or absence of trusting relationships with nh staff.
family members who reported trust described a positive end-of-life experience and less need for prescribed goals of care discussions.
in the absence of trust , family members reported that goals of care discussions were ignored by staff or created confusion.
objectives : to examine the effect of hospital readmission on functional recovery after elective surgery in older adults.
design : prospective cohort of individuals aged @number@ and older undergoing elective surgery , enrolled from @date@ to @date@ .
setting : two academic medical centers.
measurements : readmission was assessed in multiple interviews with participants and family members over @number@ months and validated against medical record review.
results : two hundred fifty-five ( @percent@ ) participants experienced @number@ readmissions.
readmissions were associated with delays in functional recovery in all measures of physical function.
degree of functional impairment increased progressively with number of readmissions.
conclusion : readmission after elective surgery may contribute to delays in functional recovery and persistent functional deficits in older adults.
qualitative interviews with @number@ adna vd-hcbs personnel across the country were transcribed , coded , and analyzed.
results suggest that the majority of adna personnel interviewed perceive the collaboration experience to be positive.
findings have implications for other interagency partnerships formed to deliver services to vulnerable veterans.
b vitamins may lower the risk of dementia , yet epidemiological findings , mostly from countries with folic acid fortification , have remained inconsistent.
we evaluated in a large french cohort of older persons the associations between dietary b vitamins and long-term incident dementia.
background : the median age of the single adult homeless population is @number@ and rising.
homeless individuals have a higher prevalence of substance use disorders than the general population.
however , little is known about substance use in older homeless adults.
history of psychiatric hospitalization was associated with moderate or greater illicit drug symptoms ( adjusted odds ratio [ aor ] = @number@ @number@.0-3.6 ) .
the presence of major depressive symptoms was associated with moderate or greater severity alcohol symptoms ( aor = @number@ @number@.1-3.0 ) .
conclusions : in this sample of older homeless adults , substance use is common.
people with intellectual disabilities are living longer and often experience declining mobility.
methods : cross-sectional analyses were conducted in @number@ non-institutionalized older adults ( @number@ males ) .
physical independence was assessed with a 12-item composite physical function scale.
logistic regression was used to estimate the odds-ratio ( or ) for being at risk for losing physical independence.
results : approximately @percent@ of the participants were at risk for losing physical independence at @number@ years of age.
background : serum vitamin d levels have been reported to be associated with individual components of body composition.
however , the relationship between serum vitamin d and combined indices of adverse body composition is largely unknown.
this cross-sectional study examined the association between serum vitamin d and osteosarcopenic obesity in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults.
serum vitamin d levels were determined by radioimmunoassay , and body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : only @number@ + sed and @number@ + pf displayed significantly lower overall and type iia fibre sizes vs. ya.
@number@ + sed displayed a lower type iia fibre proportion vs. ya.
ma-sed and @number@ + sed displayed a higher hybrid type iia / iix fibre proportion vs. ya.
sedentary and pre-frail , but not active , men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. ya.
@number@ + sed , but not @number@ + act , displayed a higher lipid content in type i fibres vs. ya.
they also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype , mitochondrial content , and lipid accumulation.
no skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre-frailty was observed.
materials and methods : data were collected from four groups of ten participants each.
this was true in each group.
conclusion : at reduced snrs , cues from dbm enabled the listener to repeat the heard vcv syllables.
noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) contribute to a significant amount of disability and death in the world.
this study tested the hypothesis that inflammation and oxidative stress determined carotid imt in patients with osa.
alzheimer's disease is characterized by an upregulation of the 5-lipoxygenase ( 5lo ) , whose promoter is regulated by methylation.
however , whether hcy activates 5lo enzymatic pathway by influencing the methylation status of its promoter remains unknown.
we evaluated psychotropic medication use ( antidepressant , antipsychotic , anxiolytic , sedative , or hypnotic ) in participants aged @number@ years or older.
conclusion : older women with ad are more likely to use psychotropic medications than older men , regardless of study population and country.
approaches to mitigate psychotropic medication use need to consider different prescribing habits observed in older women vs. men with ad.
aims : the aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided ijv cvp placement in elderly oncologic patients.
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ elderly oncological patients underwent right ijv cvp placement under ultrasound-guidance.
the length of catheter introduction ranged from @number@ to @number@ cm.
intraoperative fluoroscopy ( if ) was always performed intraoperatively.
chest x-ray ( cxr ) was always performed @number@ min after the end of the procedure.
results : the morbidity rate was @percent@ ; two arterial punctures were reported with one self-limiting hematoma.
two patients ( @percent@ ) had catheter misplacements , recognized by intraoperative if.
no patients ( @percent@ ) experienced pneumothorax ( pnx ) , confirmed at cxr.
patients were all discharged at maximum @number@ h from the procedure.
discussion : the risk of catheter misplacement , pnx , and arterial / nerve puncture remains present with this technique.
lower rates of catheter misplacement have been reported after right ijv puncture , probably for its straight vertical course.
our results are in accordance with literature ( @number@ counter-lateral subclavian vein and @number@ counter-lateral internal jugular vein misplacements ) .
all misplacements were detected intraoperatively.
the pnx rates after cannulation of the ijv vary between @number@ and @percent@.
we had no pnx occurrence.
conclusion : ultrasonography ( us ) has improved safety and effectiveness of port system placements.
while routine post-procedural cxr seems avoidable , if should be considered mandatory.
this study examines age-related differences in inhibitory control as measured by stop-signal performance.
the participants were @number@ adults aged 20-30 years and @number@ older adults aged 61-76 years.
the decreased reactive inhibitory control might result from speed-accuracy tradeoffs.
conversely , no age-related decline in proactive inhibitory control was observed.
for older adults , the p3 peak amplitude at the fz site was significantly correlated with the rt of proactive inhibitory control.
this shows that larger rt differences were associated with larger reductions in p3 peak amplitudes in the stop-signal blocks relative to the pure choice blocks.
these results appear to support age-related compensation hypotheses.
ulcerative colitis ( uc ) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with continuous or recurrent symptoms.
a 42-year-old male patient with intermittent diarrhea accompanied by bloody mucopurulent stools was admitted to our hospital.
the diagnosis of uc was confirmed by a combination of laboratory examination , colonoscopy , and histological assay.
the patient developed herpes zoster in the hospital , which challenged traditional treatments.
therefore , we performed an autologous bone marrow cells to modulate the immune system with his permission.
autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected and injected locally into the bowel mucosa , and subsequently injected systemically through a peripheral vein.
after the patient underwent auto bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantations twice , the patient's symptoms were alleviated.
furthermore , he recovered from hematochezia , and his hypersensitive c reactive protein decreased.
colonoscopy results showed reduced lesions and decreased areas with bleeding and edema in the sigmoid colon and rectum.
no recurrence occurred in the subsequent two years , but long-time monitoring is still necessary for the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer.
purpose : familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type @number@ ( fhl3 ) is a genetic disorder that results in immune dysregulation.
it requires prompt and accurate diagnosis.
a natural killer ( nk ) cell degranulation assay is often used to screen for fhl3 patients.
the results were confirmed by genetic analysis.
results : the freshly isolated nk cell degranulation assay detected fhl3 patients with high sensitivity ( @percent@ ) but low specificity ( @percent@ ) .
the il-2-stimulated nk cell assay had improved specificity , but @number@ out of the @number@ non-fhl3 patients still showed degranulation below the threshold level.
dissemination of these programs to rural communities remains limited.
therefore a strong need exists to identify strategies that facilitate program implementation and sustainability.
multiple sources of data ( interviews , documents , reports , surveys ) from each site informed the analysis.
readiness to implement evidence-based programs as low at baseline as all site leaders described needing to secure additional resources for program implementation.
cnvs constitute a prevalent source of genomic variations and substantially participate in each individual's genomic makeup and phenotypic outcome.
in this review , we will discuss literature and bioinformatic data describing the involvement of cnvs on pd pathobiology.
none : studies suggest that both pre- and postnatal factors are predictors of age of attaining milestones in infancy.
however , no studies evaluate the comparative strength of these predictors and the amount of the variance in development they explain.
mothers of @number@ children of the copenhagen perinatal cohort ( 1959-61 ) recorded @number@ developmental milestones prospectively during the child's first year of life.
variables within the domain of pregnancy and delivery explained the largest proportion of variance in milestone attainment compared to the other domains.
age of onset in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) exerts an influence on the course of disease.
such information can be used for benchmarking and to identify gaps in diabetes detection and management.
of those with diagnosed type @number@ approximately @number@ million ( @percent@ ) received diabetes medication-ranging from @percent@ in new jersey to @percent@ in utah.
suboptimal percentages had claims indicating recommended exams were performed.
conclusions : this study highlights the large number of insured adults with undiagnosed type @number@ diabetes by insurance type and state.
furthermore , this study sheds light on other gaps in diabetes care quality among patients with diagnosed diabetes and corresponding poorly controlled diabetes.
these findings underscore the need for improvements in data collection and diabetes screening and management , along with policies that support these improvements.
background : frailty is a biological syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors due to decline in multiple physiological systems.
amino acid deficiency , including l-carnitine , has been proposed to be associated with its pathophysiology.
nevertheless , the efficacy of l-carnitine supplementation on frailty status has not been documented.
different motion parameters were compared in order to define a specifically designed protocol for seniors.
participants with better results in the crs test were younger and presented higher levels of physical activity and functional fitness.
however , in clinical settings , physicians and surgeons who treat such patients have few available options.
we sought to further explore the safety and effectiveness of teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis in japanese patients with severe stages of ckd.
patients received subcutaneous teriparatide @number@ μg daily for up to @number@ months.
safety profiles were assessed by physician-reported adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) .
a total of @number@ patients with severe stages of ckd ( stage @number@ n = 30 ; stage @number@ n = 3 ) were included.
all patients were female , and @percent@ had a history of previous fracture.
no serious adrs were recorded ; a total of @number@ adrs were recorded for @number@ of @number@ patients.
increases in bmd and p1np levels were observed both overall and in most individual patients.
new fractures occurred in @number@ patient with stage @number@ ckd , but not in patients with stage @number@ ckd.
repair of damaged dna is critical for maintenance of genetic information.
here , we identify rnf126 as a ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to dsbs and ubiquitylates ku80 , with ube2d3 serving as an e2 enzyme.
knockdown of rnf126 prevented ku70 / 80 dissociation from dsbs and inhibited break repair.
two surrogate peptides per protein were selected for the quantification of ces1 and ces2 protein abundance.
purified ces1 and ces2 protein standards were used as calibrators , and the heavy labeled peptides were used as the internal standards.
ces1 protein abundance in liver cytosol also showed age-dependent maturation.
oseltamivir carboxylase activity was correlated with protein abundance in pediatric and adult liver microsomes.
methods and objectives : small swiss villages with low migration rates will be selected for this study.
@number@ villages ( cama / lostallo ) have already been selected as initial study sites.
all residents ( age ≥6 years , no upper age limit ) are eligible.
the target enrolment number per village is @number@
follow-up examinations ( identical to baseline ) will be performed after @number@ and @number@ years , and in 10-year intervals thereafter.
the major objective is to assess , and observe change in , health status over time in a prospective manner.
ethics and dissemination : the ethics committee of nordwest-und zentralschweiz approved this study ( eknz 2014-209 ) .
it is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( nct02282748 ) .
findings will be disseminated through scientific articles / presentations and public events.
cognitive challenges , such as concurrent cognitive demands or prior cognitive fatigue , have shown to adversely impact neuromuscular fatigue , specifically in younger adults.
whether these relationships are similar for the aging population remains unclear.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different cognitive challenges on handgrip fatigue with aging.
the exercise required them to grip intermittently at @percent@ maximum handgrip strength until voluntary exhaustion.
this was also accompanied with a decrease in force steadiness.
no endurance differences between age groups were found during the control and cognitive fatigue condition.
objective : to compare berg balance scale ( bbs ) rating using videos with differing transmission characteristics with direct in-person rating.
setting : medical center.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcomes measures : ability to rate the bbs in person and using videos with differing bandwidths and frame rates in frontal and lateral views.
interrater reliability for the high-definition videos was @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval , .94-.97 ) .
study design : cross-sectional study.
methods : one hundred fifty-two healthy subjects between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years were included in this cross-sectional study.
finger thickness , especially in nondominant hands , should be taken into account while evaluating fdt scores because of its negative effect on dexterity.
level of evidence : level @number@
conclusion : this study provides insights beyond publicly available documents to explore the processes that underlie simple statements of health system objectives.
in this study , we investigate the validity of a summary measure of weight history.
logistic regression was used to assess similarity between the measures in predicting prevalent conditions.
results : the correlation coefficient between recalled and calculated max weight in the overall sample was @number@
recalled max bmi value was within three bmi units of the calculated value @percent@ of the time.
in multivariate analyses , the two bmi measures similarly predicted disease prevalence across a number of chronic conditions.
methods : the participants were @number@ individuals ( age range 60-81years ) and followed for 10years and tested six times.
personality was assessed by the japanese version of neo five factor inventory at baseline.
cognitive function was assessed by the japanese version of mini mental state examination ( mmse ) at all visits.
post hoc analyses were performed for mild cognitive deficits , baseline mmse score≥24 and ≤27 , to estimate the or and ci for mmse score≤23.
relationships between other personality traits and the decline in mmse score were not significant.
conclusions : higher openness to experience was associated with a reduction in risk for cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.
higher conscientiousness might also predict lower risk for severe cognitive decline , especially for individuals with mild cognitive deficits.
background : among older people in developed countries , social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance.
such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the community level.
however , a means of measuring community confidence in these measures has not been established.
methods : the cses is a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of bandura's self-efficacy theory.
construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis.
internal consistency was calculated using cronbach's alpha.
results : in total , @number@ and @number@ valid responses were received in the gen and cvol groups , respectively.
cronbach's alpha for the entire cses was @number@ and for the subscales was @number@ and higher.
conclusions : the cses demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing a community's self-efficacy to aid in its preventing social isolation among older people.
the scale is potentially useful for promoting health policies , practices , and interventions within communities.
this may help prevent social isolation among older people and contribute to overall well-being in aging societies in japan and abroad.
background : critically ill patients frequently suffer muscle weakness whilst in critical care.
ultrasound can reliably track loss of muscle size , but also quantifies the arrangement of the muscle fascicles , known as the muscle architecture.
elbow flexor compartment , medial head of gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscle were investigated.
in the lower limb , we determined the pennation angle to derive the fascicle length.
we found no changes to the size of the elbow flexor compartment over @number@ days of admission.
in the gastrocnemius , there were no significant changes to muscle thickness or pennation angle over @number@ or @number@ days.
loss of muscle on day @number@ was related to decreases in pennation angle.
discussion : muscle loss in critically ill patients preferentially affects the lower limb , possibly due to the lower limb becoming prone to disuse atrophy.
it is hypothesised that weakness in the lower limb occurs through loss of force generation via a reduced pennation angle.
methods : a randomized controlled trial with blinded assessors and intention-to-treat analysis will be undertaken.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02295527 .
background : aging raises wide-ranging issues within social , economic , welfare , and health care systems.
outcome measures were degree of satisfaction with health , economic status , housing , neighbor relationships , and family relationships.
gee models were used to investigate changes in satisfaction within each of the five domains.
the majority had a spouse ( @percent@ ) and lived in a rural area ( @percent@ ) .
analysis showed that physical and mental health were consistently and significantly associated with satisfaction in each of the domains after adjusting for potential confounders.
female and rural residents reported greater economic satisfaction compared to male and urban residents.
financial stress index value was found to be a significant predictor of satisfaction with family relationships.
while most studies focus on overall life satisfaction , considering life satisfaction as multidimensional is essential to gaining a complete picture.
aim : to determine whether dynamic dna methylation changes in the human placenta can be used to predict gestational age.
results & conclusion : we developed an accurate tool for predicting gestational age of placentas using @number@ cpg sites.
there was a higher predicted gestational age for placentas from early onset preeclampsia cases , but not term preeclampsia , compared with their chronological age.
therefore , early onset preeclampsia is associated with placental aging.
gestational age acceleration prediction from dna methylation array data may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of pregnancy disorders.
obesity symbolizes a major public health problem.
overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction.
the adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ , whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions.
recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity.
in the us , diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer.
currently , the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide.
the bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer.
objective : as endometrioma frequently recurs after conservative surgery , long-term postoperative medical treatment for the prevention of recurrence is necessary.
however , it has not been elucidated whether long-term postoperative medical treatment is crucial to all patients until menopause.
thereupon , this study was conducted to evaluate the age-related recurrence patterns after conservative surgery for endometrioma.
ultrasonography was used during the follow-up period to detect endometrioma recurrence.
patients were classified into two groups according to the use of postoperative medications.
the first group was observation only , while the second received gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists followed by cyclic oral contraceptives.
subgroup analysis was performed according to the age between the two groups.
results : the median follow-up duration after surgery was @number@ months ( range 6-159 months ) for all patients.
however , there were no differences within the group of postoperative medical treatment.
conclusions : our preliminary results demonstrate that the risk of endometrioma recurrence decreases with age.
after the age of forty , the recurrence rate does not differ according to the use of postoperative medication.
based on our results , postoperative medical treatment may be individualized according to the patient's age at the time of surgery.
further studies are needed to identify patients who may benefit from postoperative medication.
chromosomal instability ( cin ) , the persistent inability of a cell to faithfully segregate its genome , is a feature of many cancer cells.
importance : in advanced dementia , goals of care decisions are challenging and medical care is often more intensive than desired.
resident-family dyads were the primary unit of analysis , and all analyses used intention-to-treat assignment.
results : residents ' mean age was @number@ years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were african american , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
family ratings of treatment consistent with preferences , symptom management , and quality of care did not differ.
survival at @number@ months was unaffected ( adjusted hazard ratio [ ahr ] , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.54-1.08 ; p = @number@ ) .
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01565642.
postmortem tissue and clinical data were provided by the oregon health and science university layton aging and alzheimer disease center and oregon brain bank.
forty-eight patient samples ( @number@ young , @number@ aged , and @number@ with ad ) underwent histological analysis.
sixty patient samples underwent western blot analysis ( @number@ young , @number@ aged , and @number@ with ad ) .
main outcomes and measures : expression of aqp4 protein , aqp4 immunoreactivity , and perivascular aqp4 localization in the frontal cortex were evaluated.
results : expression of aqp4 was associated with advancing age among all individuals ( r2 = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : in this study , altered aqp4 expression was associated with aging brains.
introduction : physical activity ( pa ) is beneficial for general health.
as a result , adults around the world are recommended to undertake regular pa of either absolute or relative intensity.
traditionally , adherence to pa recommendation is assessed by accelerometers that record absolute intensity thresholds.
the aim of the present study was to compare the adherence to the pa recommendation using both absolute and relative thresholds.
additionally , we aimed to report the reference values for overall pa in a large sample of norwegian older adults.
methods : pa was assessed for @number@ days using the actigraph gt3x + accelerometer in @number@ older adults ( @number@ females ) aged 70-77 years.
overall pa was measured as counts per minute ( cpm ) and steps.
absolute and relative moderate-to-vigorous pa ( mvpa ) thresholds were applied to quantify adherence to pa recommendation.
the relative mvpa thresholds were developed specifically for the generation @number@ population sample.
crf was directly measured as peak oxygen uptake ( vo2peak ) .
results : proportions meeting pa recommendation were @percent@ and @percent@ when utilizing absolute and relative mvpa , respectively.
more females met the relative pa recommendation compared to males.
overall pa was higher among the youngest age group.
older adults with medium- and high levels of crf were more physically active , compared to those with the lowest levels of crf.
conclusion : this is the first study to compare adherence to pa recommendation , using absolute and relative intensity thresholds among older adults.
background : direct antiviral agent ( daa ) has been the standard of care for patients with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection.
methods : we report a hcv-1b patient who received only @number@ days of prod treatment.
results : the patient early terminated treatment due to dengue fever but eventually achieved svr12.
it may attribute to low baseline viral loads and extraordinarily rapid suppression of hcv after treatment day1.
conclusions : the finding may shed light for possible response-guided-therapy for so-called ultra-super-responders in the daa era.
whether the dengue virus , the flaviviridae family as with hcv , enhanced the hcv clearance remains unclear and needs further exploration.
multiple sclerosis is among the most serious inflammatory demyelinating diseases ( idd ) .
idd , deemed to be a kind of autoimmune diseases , may involve il23a in the pathogenesis.
the aim of this work was to validate the hypothesized involvement of il-23a and its receptor in idd.
little is known about how this trajectory compares with natural aging among peers of the same age without cancer.
this longitudinal study investigated proinflammatory cytokines and comorbidity development over time among breast cancer survivors and a noncancer control group.
results there were no baseline differences in comorbidities or cytokines between survivors and the control group.
over time , breast cancer survivors had significantly higher tumor necrosis factor-α and il-6 compared with the control group.
conclusion survivors who had multimodal treatment had higher cytokines and comorbidities , suggestive of accelerated aging.
comorbidities were related to inflammation in this sample , which could increase the likelihood of premature mortality.
characterizing the nature of linguistic representations and how they emerge during early development is a central goal in the cognitive science of language.
one area in which this development plays out is in the acquisition of between co-occurring elements in a word , phrase , or sentence.
these dependencies often involve multiple levels of representation and abstraction , built up as infants gain experience with their native language.
these findings highlight the importance of studying language acquisition at close time intervals over a substantial age range.
( psycinfo database record photoplethysmographic imaging ( ppgi ) is a widefield noncontact biophotonic technology able to remotely monitor cardiovascular function over anatomical areas.
here , we developed a continuous probabilistic pulsatility model for importance-weighted blood pulse waveform extraction.
using time-synchronized ground-truth blood pulse waveforms , spatial correlation priors were computed and projected into a coaligned importance-weighted cartesian space.
a modified parzen rosenblatt kernel density estimation method was used to compute the continuous resolution-agnostic probabilistic pulsatility model.
the model identified locations that consistently exhibited pulsatility across the sample.
background : alzheimer disease results in progressive functional decline , leading to loss of independence.
objective : to determine whether collaborative care plus @number@ years of home-based occupational therapy delays functional decline.
design : randomized , controlled clinical trial.
( clinicaltrials.gov : nct01314950 ) .
setting : urban public health system.
patients : @number@ community-dwelling participants with alzheimer disease and their informal caregivers.
intervention : all participants received collaborative care for dementia.
patients in the intervention group also received in-home occupational therapy delivered in @number@ sessions over @number@ years.
the intervention group received a median of @number@ home visits from the study occupational therapists.
in both groups , adcs adl scores declined over @number@ months.
we also could not definitively demonstrate between-group differences in mean sppb or spsm values.
limitation : the results of this trial are indeterminate and do not rule out potential clinically important effects of the intervention.
this trial underscores the burden undertaken by caregivers as they provide care for family members with alzheimer disease and the difficulty in slowing functional decline.
primary funding source : national institute on aging.
clarifying current and future population trends in dementia prevalence and risk has important implications for patients , families , and government programs.
objective : to compare the prevalence of dementia in the united states in @number@ and @number@
logistic regression was used to identify socioeconomic and health variables associated with change in dementia prevalence between @number@ and @number@
conclusions and relevance : the prevalence of dementia in the united states declined significantly between @number@ and @number@
importance : measurement of ganglion cell complex ( gcc ) thickness may be more sensitive than current methods for glaucoma diagnosis and research.
however , little is known about the factors influencing gcc thickness in the general population.
objectives : to investigate the heritability of and factors associated with gcc thickness in a healthy aging population.
heritability analyses were conducted in @number@ twins ( @number@ monozygous and @number@ dizygous pairs ) .
association analyses were performed using univariable and multivariable stepwise linear regression models , taking family structure into account.
heritability analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood structural equation twin modeling.
estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease formula.
ganglion cell complex thickness was not associated with sex , intraocular pressure , or diabetes.
conclusions and relevance : ganglion cell complex thickness appears to be highly heritable and further genetic analysis may help identify new biological pathways for glaucoma.
replication of their results is required , as is further research to explain the association between renal function and gcc thickness.
objective : to validate an objective evaluation method that can be used to define the perception of facial age in scientific studies.
when evaluating the photographs , @number@ plastic surgeons wrote down the perceived age of each patient.
three evaluators were randomly chosen for further statistical analysis in an attempt to make the assessment technique more practical.
exposures : usual aging process.
main outcomes and measures : estimated mean age and chronological age.
no significant differences were observed between photographs @number@ and @number@ for any of the evaluators.
a significant difference in the mean ages was not observed when comparing evaluators.
for photograph @number@ ( evaluated by only @number@ evaluators ) , the difference was @number@ years ( p = @number@ ) .
for photograph @number@ the difference was @number@ years ( p = @number@ ) .
the difference between the mean perceived age for the @number@ evaluators and the chronological age was only @number@ years ( < 10 months ) .
this article is important to facial plastic surgeons because it reveals how the results of rejuvenation procedures can be assessed.
level of evidence : na.
we undertook a study to determine the influence of these factors , and to explore pathologist's characteristics associated with the direction of diagnosis.
to meet our objective , we designed a cross-sectional survey study of pathologists ' clinical practices and perceptions.
pathologists were recruited from diverse practices in @number@ states in the united states.
we enrolled @number@ pathologist participants whose practice included the interpretation of msls.
nicaragua is a very low-income country entering a period of rapid aging with limited geriatric training for health care professionals.
the social positioning and treatment of persons with dementia reflects dominant biomedical discourses of progressive and inevitable loss of insight , capacity , and personality.
proponents of person-centred care , by contrast , suggest that such loss can be mitigated within environments that preserve rather than undermine personhood.
in formal organisational settings , person-centred approaches place particular responsibility on ' empowered ' direct-care staff to translate these principles into practice.
these staff provide the majority of hands-on care , but with limited training , recognition , or remuneration.
objectives : to determine the longitudinal development of drug use in very old adults.
design : longitudinal cohort study with waves in @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
setting : nationwide study in denmark.
participants : all living danes born in @number@ were approached in @number@ @number@ responded at baseline.
measurements : self-reported use of regularly taken drugs.
persons leaving the study prematurely had higher baseline values and a steeper increase in their annual use of drugs.
women used more drugs than men at all waves.
conclusion : in this first longitudinal study of drug use in nonagenarians , individuals used an increasing number of drugs as they aged.
this increase is difficult to detect in cross-sectional analyses of the population-level mean.
more efforts to understand what is reasonable prescribing at these older ages are needed.
large-scale initiatives to expand evidence-based practices are often poorly implemented and rarely endure.
additional key factors were lack of local community supports as a barrier and leadership and structured workflow as facilitators.
the actions of the learning community's leadership , state governments , and local programs together may have contributed to the high sustainment rate.
cognitive decline impacts older adults , particularly their independence.
decline or no decline on the cognitive performance scale was the dependent variable.
engaging in physical activity , formal exercise , and specific recreational activities had a favorable effect on short-term cognitive decline.
involvement with computers , crossword puzzles , handicrafts , and formal education courses also were protective factors.
the physical and intellectual domains of wellness are prominent aspects in protection from cognitive decline.
inherent in these two domains are mutable factors suitable for targeted efforts to promote older adult health and well-being.
the new icd-10-cm ( m62.84 ) code for sarcopenia represents a major step forward in recognizing sarcopenia as a disease.
this should lead to an increase in availability of diagnostic tools and the enthusiasm for pharmacological companies to develop drugs for sarcopenia.
the relationship between serum uric acid ( sua ) and cognitive function is contradictory.
this study assessed the association between sua and cognitive impairment in @number@ community-dwelling subjects aged ≥55years living in beijing , china.
among the @number@ persons with valid mmse scores , the prevalence of cognitive impairment was @percent@.
a multivariate logistic regression model including demographic , clinical and genetic parameters was performed to assess the relationship between sua and cognitive impairment.
in this baseline cross-sectional population-based sample , high levels of sua were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment.
articles were acquired from a systematic search of major databases from inception till 01 / 2016.
twenty studies ( @number@ longitudinal studies = 551 participants ; @number@ rcts = 328 treated vs. @number@ controls ) were included.
in conclusion , intentional weight loss in obese / overweight people is associated with improvements in performance across various cognitive domains.
future adequately powered rcts are required to confirm / refute these findings.
the genetic material of all organisms is susceptible to modification.
we then investigated the mutations in notch3 using direct sequencing within the region of intron-exon boundaries in exons 2-24 of notch3.
our findings expand the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.
objective : hearing loss is a commonly unmet need among adults with dementia that may exacerbate common dementia-related behavioral symptoms.
accessing traditional audiology services for hearing loss is a challenge because of high cost and time commitment.
to improve accessibility and affordability of hearing treatment for persons with dementia , there is a need for unique service delivery models.
the purpose of this study is to test a novel hearing intervention for persons with dementia and family caregivers delivered in outpatient settings.
methods : the memory-hears pilot study delivered a 2-hour in-person intervention in an outpatient setting.
a trained interventionist provided hearing screening , communication strategies , and provision of and instruction using a simple over-the-counter amplification device.
caregivers ( n = @number@ ) responded to questionnaires related to depression , neuropsychiatric symptoms , and caregiver burden at baseline and 1-month postintervention.
results : overall , caregivers believed the intervention was beneficial , and most participants with dementia wore the amplification device daily.
for the depression and neuropsychiatric outcome measures , participants with high symptom burden at baseline showed improvement at 1-month postintervention.
the intervention had no effect on caregiver burden.
conclusion : the memory-hears intervention is a low-cost , low-risk , nonpharmacologic approach to addressing hearing loss and behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia.
improved communication has the potential to reduce symptom burden and improve quality of life.
objective : social capital , the collective resources of groups including perceptions of trust and reciprocity , is recognized as an important contributor to suicide.
we examined the association of individual- and community-level social capital with suicidal ideation after adjusting for social support among older adults living in the community.
the final analysis included @number@ participants.
the outcome variable was suicidal ideation.
multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle result in overweight or obesity defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.
according to the who , the worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled between @number@ and @number@
obesity is usually accompanied by an increased muscle mass.
however , loss of muscle mass or function can also occur , which is associated with poor prognosis and termed ' sarcopenic obesity'.
therefore , treatment recommendations may need to be individualized and adapted to co-morbidities.
rods are selectively impaired in aging and many disorders of the retina , notably age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
it is not known for certain whether the age-related deficit is a pan-retinal effect or if there are localised regions of impaired rod function.
to address this important issue a dual arc stimulus was developed that samples sensitivity recovery in two retinal locations.
methods : arc-shaped stimuli were presented on a black crt screen at two locations , in the inferior visual field.
following a bleach , which was localised to the stimuli , recovery of sensitivity was measured using a modified method of adjustment technique.
neutral density filters were used to extend the luminance range of the crt.
sensitivity recovery functions were fitted by non-linear regression to a seven-parameter model.
results : pairs of sensitivity recovery functions were generated from the stimuli.
the cone phases of these functions were identical.
the difference between the two was the same for the two groups.
the α point was reached slightly earlier for the young observers and with the outer stimulus but neither of these effects reached statistical significance.
the β point occurred earlier for the outer stimuli and this effect was statistically significant only for the older group.
conclusions : the method places minimal demands on observers.
none : cancer and its treatment are frequently associated with cancer-related cognitive impairment ( crci ) .
measures included a validated computerized evaluation of domain-specific cognitive functioning and a 17-plex panel of plasma cytokines.
linear mixed-effects models were applied to test the relationships of clinical variables and cytokine concentrations to each cognitive domain.
there were multiple relationships among cytokines and cognition , which varied over time.
at baseline , elevated concentrations of g-csf and reduced concentrations of il-17 were associated with faster psychomotor speed.
six months after chemotherapy initiation and at the one-year point , there were multiple , significant relationships among cytokines and multiple cognitive.
mcp-1 was inversely associated with psychomotor speed and complex attention and higher levels of mip-1β were related to better complex attention.
conclusion : levels and patterns of cytokines changed over time and demonstrated associations with domain-specific cognitive functioning that varied over time.
background : recently , corrective fusion surgery for patients with adult spinal deformity ( asd ) has become common in japan.
this study aimed to clarify the status of surgeries for asd in japan , focusing on perioperative complications.
a nationwide multicenter survey gathering information on surgically treated asd patients was conducted by the committee for adult spinal deformity of the japanese scoliosis society.
methods : this study was a review of retrospectively collected data from @number@ spine scoliosis centers belonging to the japanese scoliosis society.
patients who underwent corrective fusion surgery for asd between @number@ and @number@ were included.
demographics , comorbidities , surgical data , and complications were investigated.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( mean age , @number@ years ) were included in this study.
of these , @number@ patients were aged less than @number@ years and @number@ patients were aged @number@ years or greater.
the age distribution had two peaks , in the third and eighth decades.
the iatrogenic deformity and reoperation rates were both less than @percent@.
the mean operation time and estimated blood loss were @number@ min and @number@ ml , respectively.
major perioperative complications occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
efforts to reduce perioperative complications are therefore imperative , especially for elderly asd patients in our aging society.
methods : using data from the madiabetes study we conducted a retrospective case record form based study without controls.
we included outpatients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
information was obtained from computerized clinical records and by telephone survey.
the main dependent variables were influenza vaccination uptake in the year @number@ and the reason for receiving or refusing vaccination.
results : overall , @percent@ had received the influenza vaccine in @number@
a higher mean glycated haemoglobin value in @number@ was associated with a reduced probability of vaccination.
most patients ( @percent@ ) agreed to be vaccinated following their physician's advice because of their age or their chronic conditions.
conclusions : the uptake of influenza vaccination among diabetic patients in the present study was below desirable levels.
the main barrier to vaccination was lack of knowledge regarding the need for and risks and advantages of influenza vaccination.
healthcare professionals should educate and encourage influenza vaccination among people with diabetes.
each standard rule has been classified with a level of evidence.
at the end of the paper , appendix @number@ provides algorithms to aid implementation of these new standards in software tools.
there are also new options defining clm associated with respiratory events.
finally , special considerations for pediatric studies are provided.
there is a new criterion for the morphology of lm that applies only to computerized lm detection to better match expert visual detection.
available automatic scoring programs will incorporate all the new rules so that the new standards should reduce technician burden for scoring plms.
background : aging is often associated with various underlying comorbidities that warrant the use of multiple medications.
various interventions , including medication reviews , to optimize pharmacotherapy in older people residing in aged care facilities have been described and evaluated.
previous systematic reviews support the positive impact of various medication-related interventions but are not conclusive because of several factors.
extraction of articles and quality assessment of included articles were performed independently by @number@ authors.
data on interventions and outcomes were extracted from the included studies.
the sign checklist for observational studies and the cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in rcts were applied.
outcomes assessed were related to medications , reviews , and adverse events.
results : because of the heterogeneity of the measurements , it was deemed inappropriate to conduct a meta-analysis and thus a narrative approach was employed.
twenty-two studies ( @number@ observational studies and @number@ controlled trials ) were included from @number@ evaluated references.
of the @number@ trials , @number@ studies reported findings of pharmacist-led medication reviews and @number@ reported findings of multidisciplinary team-based reviews.
similarly , @number@ studies employed prescription reviews , whereas @number@ studies employed clinical medication reviews.
the majority of the recommendations put forward by the pharmacist or a multidisciplinary team were accepted by physicians.
however , robust conclusions cannot be drawn because of significant heterogeneity in measurements and potential risk for biases.
epigenetic modifications to cytosine are known to alter transcriptional states and deregulate gene expression in cancer , embryonic development , and most recently in neurodegeneration.
objectives : to evaluate the association , if any , between masticatory dysfunction ( md ) and mortality in older adults.
design : the invecchiare in chianti ( inchianti ) study , a cohort study with 9-year follow-up.
setting : tuscany , italy.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : md was self-reported ; cox regression was used to assess the association between self-reported md and 9-year all-cause mortality.
this association was also evaluated after stratifying according to use of dentures.
analyses were adjusted for potential confounders , including demographic characteristics , lifestyle habits , comorbidities , nutrient intake , medications , and objective parameters.
results : four hundred five ( @percent@ ) participants reported md.
over the 9-year follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects died.
conclusion : self-reported md , chiefly when due to uncorrected edentulism , is associated with 9-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling elderly adults.
further studies are needed to evaluate whether the timely correction of md using adequate dentures can increase the survival of older adults.
smoking is a potential risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.
to date , no study has examined the association between smoking and cognitive decline in men living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
data from @number@ older hiv-seropositive and hiv-seronegative men who have sex with men from the multicenter aids cohort study were examined.
all participants had information on smoking history collected before age @number@ years and at least @number@ years of follow-up after age @number@
smoking history was categorized as never smoker , former smoker , and current smoker and cumulative pack years was calculated.
there were no significant differences in the rates of neurological decline among never smokers , former smokers , and current smokers.
findings were similar among hiv-seropositive participants.
to optimize healthy aging , interventions for smoking cessation should be tailored to men who have sex with men.
the endothelium of liver sinusoids in relation to the endothelium of other blood vessels has specific antigen expression similar to the endothelium of lymphatic vessels.
the endothelium of sinusoids and lymphatic vessels express lyve-1 , and the endothelium of lymphatic vessels express lyve-1 and d2-40 but not cd34.
similarity between the sinusoidal and lymphatic endothelium includes the fact that both types are lyve-1 positive and cd34 negative.
both hiv and antiretroviral therapy could induce vascular aging with unclear mechanisms.
in cultured ecs , mir-34a expression was significantly increased by hiv-tat protein and by the antiretroviral agents , lopinavir / ritonavir.
both hiv-tat protein and antiretroviral agents could induce ec senescence , which was inhibited by mir-34a inhibition.
in contrast , ec senescence was exacerbated by mir-34a overexpression.
in addition , the vascular ecs isolated from mir-34a knockout mice were resistant to hiv and antiretroviral agents-mediated senescence.
the study has demonstrated that mir-34a is a common link in both hiv and antiretroviral therapy-mediated vascular aging.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most frequent joint disorder and one of the leading cause of disability.
during a long time , it was considered as the consequence of aging and mechanical stress on cartilage.
in the past year , type @number@ diabetes has been described in two meta-analyzes as an independent risk factor for oa.
in vivo models of diabetes corroborated epidemiological studies.
alterations of brain network activity are observable in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) together with the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment , before overt pathology.
however , in humans as well in ad mouse models , identification of early biomarkers of network dysfunction is still at its beginning.
from a frequency-domain analysis , we uncovered network hyper-synchronicity as early as @number@ months , when intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta was also observable.
in the study presented here , we hypothesize that dnamage in blood is associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive abilities in middle-aged individuals.
in @number@ monozygotic twins , we investigated the association of dnamage , difference between dnamage and chronological age and age acceleration with cognition.
despite using a powerful paired twin design , we found no evidence for association of blood dnamage with cognitive abilities.
this observation was confirmed in unpaired analyses , where dnamage initially correlated with cognitive abilities , until adjusting for chronological age.
overall , our study shows that for middle-aged individuals dnamage calculated in blood does not correlate with cognitive abilities.
the signaling networks that drive the aging process , associated functional deterioration , and pathologies has captured the scientific community's attention for decades.
cellular senescence has evolved to restrict tumor progression but the accompanying senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) promotes pathogenic pathways.
here , we review known biological theories of aging and how ros mechanistically control senescence and the aging process.
we also describe the redox-regulated signaling networks controlling the sasp and its important role in driving age-related diseases.
finally , we discuss progress in designing therapeutic strategies that manipulate the cellular redox environment to restrict age-associated pathology.
the keap1-nrf2-are antioxidant system is a principal means by which cells respond to oxidative and xenobiotic stresses.
methods : cross-sectional analyses of the \ "life-space mobility in old age \ " cohort including @number@ community-dwelling 75-90-year-old of central finland.
environmental barriers at entrances and in exterior surroundings were objectively registered ( housing enabler screening tool ) and divided into tertiles.
participants with limitations in lower extremity performance were more susceptible to these environmental barriers.
objectively recorded environmental barriers in the exterior surroundings did not compromise out-of-home mobility.
conclusion : entrance-related environmental barriers may hinder community-dwelling older people to move out-of-home daily especially when their functional capacity is compromised.
potentially , reducing entrance-related barriers may help to prevent confinement to the home.
ageing is a leading risk factor for many debilitating diseases.
while age-related diseases have been the subject of over a century of intense investigation , until recently , physiological ageing was considered unavoidable.
pharmacological and genetic studies have since shown that ageing is a malleable process and that its abrogation can prevent its associated diseases.
this review summarises a sample of the most promising efforts to deliver the products of ageing research to the clinic.
furthermore , ongoing research has sought reliable biomarkers of ageing that will accelerate the development of such therapeutics.
thus , for both medical and socioeconomic reasons , it is imperative that ageing is made to yield to intervention.
however , the potential endothelial cell-derived factors that mediate this effect are still unknown.
furthermore , we found that a receptor tyrosin kinase ( rtk ) was involved in eccm-induced β-catenin-dependent transcription.
adrenocortical cells treated with bfgf showed a significant greater level of bfgf mrna.
in addition , huvecs secrete bfgf in a density-dependent manner.
in conclusion , the data suggest that endothelial cells regulate β-catenin activity in adrenocortical cells also via secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor.
background : reports of subjective sleep quality are frequently collected in research and clinical practice.
it is unclear , however , how well polysomnographic measures of sleep correlate with subjective reports of prior-night sleep quality in elderly men and women.
furthermore , the relative importance of various polysomnographic , demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting subjective sleep quality is not known.
questionnaires concerning demographics and psychological characteristics were also collected prior to the overnight recording and entered into multivariable models.
results : thirty-eight sleep , demographic and clinical correlates of sleep quality were considered.
together , these multivariable models explained only 11-17% of the variance in predicting subjective sleep quality.
objective sleep efficiency emerged as the strongest correlate of subjective sleep quality across all models , and across both sexes.
greater total sleep time and sleep stage transitions were also significant objective correlates of subjective sleep quality.
the amount of slow wave sleep obtained was not determined to be important.
conclusions : overall , the commonly obtained measures of sleep contributed little to subjective ratings of prior-night sleep quality.
however , the potential to form cold-induced beige adipocytes declines with age.
this creates a clinical roadblock to potential therapeutic use in older individuals , who constitute a large percentage of the obesity epidemic.
here we show that aging murine and human beige progenitor cells display a cellular aging , senescence-like phenotype that accounts for their age-dependent failure.
persons with multiple sclerosis ( pwms ) have high fall risk due to altered balance.
in the ml direction , ms2 had a higher mos than hc ( p < 0.001 ) at heel strike only.
compared to hc , pwms walk slower which increases their ap mos.
in the ml direction , slow walking causes lower mos at midstance , so pwms increase their mos by taking wider steps.
methods : following prisma guidelines a systematic review of epidemiological observational studies and clinical trials was undertaken.
inclusion criteria included all english language publications in the databases pubmed and scopus , through to the end of @date@ .
results : evidence from prospective and case-control studies suggested that increased blood levels of tocotrienols were associated with favorable cognitive function outcomes.
a clinical trial of tocotrienol supplementation for @number@ months suggested a beneficial effect of intake on dna damage rates , but only in elderly people.
conclusions : research in middle-aged and elderly humans suggests that tocotrienols have a potential beneficial anti-ageing action with respect to cognitive impairment and dna damage.
clinical trials are required to elucidate these effects.
study design : this study was a longitudinal assessment of variables drawn from an epidemiological prospective study of women's healthy ageing.
scores were analysed using general linear mixed models.
main outcome measures : negative mood scores derived from the affectometer @number@ were assessed at @number@ time points spanning @number@ years.
depressive symptom scores were assessed using the centre for epidemiological studies depression scale ( cesd ) , administered in @number@ @number@ and @number@
results : mean negative mood scores reduced significantly between @number@ and @number@ as did mean cesd scores between @number@ and @number@
mean negative mood scores reduced by @number@ for each year of increasing age.
for depressive symptoms , a reduction in mean score of @number@ was found for each year of increase in age.
conclusion : depressive symptom scores and negative mood scores decreased significantly over time.
the extension of life expectancy is a global phenomenon.
the growth in the ageing population has created a new health scenario in which there is a higher prevalence of frailty and multimorbidity.
the attention received by both conditions derives from their strong association with disability , hospitalization , and death.
the aim of the present paper is to conceptualize and differentiate these terms and to discuss their interrelations.
we conclude that , yet related , they represent two different clinical conditions.
background : benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in residential aged care facilities ( racfs ) for their sedative and anxiolytic effects.
the objective of this study was to investigate the association between benzodiazepine use and sleep quality in residents of racfs.
methods : a cross-sectional study involving @number@ participants was conducted in six australian racfs.
night-time sleep quality , day-time drowsiness and day-time napping behavior were assessed using a validated questionnaire.
covariates included pain , dementia severity , depression , insomnia and other sedative use.
no benzodiazepine category was associated with day-time drowsiness.
conclusions : the association between benzodiazepine use and sleep quality is dependent on the half-life and prescribing pattern of the benzodiazepine.
short-acting prn benzodiazepines were associated with lower night time sleep quality and longer day-time napping compared to long-acting regular benzodiazepines.
longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these findings reflect channeling of short-acting agents to residents at higher risk of sleep disorders.
a large number of terpenoids exhibit potential geroprotector and anti-cancer properties.
we used early passaged and senescent none-immortalized fibroblasts as cellular aging models.
it was revealed that in normal fibroblasts , terpenes induced genes of stress response , apoptosis regulation and tissue regeneration.
the restoration of the expression level of some prolongevity genes after fir extract treatment was shown in old cells.
thus , the study demonstrates the potential anti-aging and anti-cancer effects of abisil on senescent and cancer cell lines.
the u.s. united network for organ sharing ( unos ) thoracic and liver databases were queried for cardiac and chd diagnoses , from inception-2014.
conclusions : survival of chd patients undergoing chlt is no different than in non-chd , encouraging consideration of chlt when clinically appropriate.
short-term mortality is higher in chd ( vs. non-chd ) patients undergoing oht , regardless of prior cardiac surgery status.
modifications to chd classification within unos would help better understand chd chlt and oht outcomes.
design : cross-sectional correlational study.
setting : multiple communities.
participants : a total of @number@ individuals aged @number@ years or older.
measurements : physical function was assessed using grip strength and gait speed.
engagement in pa , ma and sa was obtained from self-report questionnaires.
sa didn't differ across classes.
conclusion : combined physical and mental activity engagement was associated with better physical function , especially in gait speed.
future interventional research should investigate the combination of both physical and cognitive training to prevent decline of physical function in older adults.
subjective well-being is measured by happiness and life satisfaction , and leisure participation is examined by the type and diversity of leisure activities.
among them , social activities and performing-arts activities have the most relevance to subjective well-being.
females are more likely to engage in social and performing-arts activities whereas males are more likely to engage in detachment-recovery and aesthetic activities.
performing-arts activities promote subjective well-being only for females.
social activities are beneficial for both gender groups , but more so for males than for females.
conclusions : leisure participation is positively related to subjective well-being among elderly chinese , and thus could play a critical role in promoting healthy aging.
the major gender differences as observed suggest the need to further explore gender-specific barriers in leisure participation.
the lc-ms / ms conditions in the presence of sodium , and the extraction method using methanol protein precipitation were optimized.
under the optimal condition , pls was detected at femtomole levels.
the recoveries of pls from human plasma were nearly @percent@ , and matrix effects were not observed.
the novel method enabled determination of each pls species in human plasma at the concentrations of @date@ .6μm.
then the pc-pls and pe-pls species in the plasma of both healthy subjects and patients with alzheimer's disease were quantitated.
the method developed herein represents a powerful tool for analyzing pls , which may provide a better understanding of their physiological roles in vivo.
this review first describes microglial origins and function in the normal central nervous system ( cns ) , and the changes that occur during aging.
we thus propose that the functions of human microglia evolve during both healthy and pathological aging.
aging-associated dysfunction of microglia comprises phenotypes resembling cellular senescence , which could contribute to cognitive impairments observed in various neurodegenerative diseases.
in addition , microglia seems to develop characteristics that could be related to cellular senescence post-hiv-1 infection and after exposure to hiv-1 viral proteins.
glia @number@ ; 65 : 431-446.
aims : to evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of the application of robotic surgery in elderly patients affected by colorectal diseases.
we performed @number@ right colectomies , @number@ left colectomies , @number@ rectal resections.
mean asa score was significantly higher in the elderly group.
age alone has not to be considered as exclusion criteria for robotic approach.
failure of medical treatments leads to surgery in patients with persistent symptoms and radiographic signs of crs.
aims : defining the effects of topic alpha-tocopherol acetate administration on nasal mucosa healing after endoscopic sinus surgery in crs of elderly patients.
methods : in this study were included @number@ patients , mean age @number@ who underwent fess because affected by crs not responsive to medical treatments.
after surgical treatment , we distinguish two groups basing on local nasal therapy.
results : we investigated , in the postoperative time , the role of alpha-tocopherol acetate compared to gomenol oil.
follow-up was performed at 7-15 days and 1-3 months after surgery.
we evaluated mucosal restoration using rhinoscopy sum score and quality of life using nasal six items symptom questionnaire.
we observed a faster healing time and less recurrence of complications in patients who underwent topic treatment with alpha-tocopherol acetate.
discussion : in our research , we observed that alpha-tocopherol acetate has no contraindications and side effects.
asthma and copd remain two diseases of the respiratory tract with unmet medical needs.
ethnopharmacological relevance : perilla frutescens ( l. )
britt.
( lamiaceae ) is a traditional herb that is consumed in east asian countries as a traditional medicine.
this traditional herb has been documented for centuries to treat various diseases such as depression , allergies , inflammation and asthma.
however , the effect of perilla frutescens on skin has not been characterized well.
materials and methods : human dermal fibroblasts and skh-1 hairless mice were irradiated with uv and treated with ple.
protein and mrna levels of various target molecules were analyzed by western blotting and quantitative rt-pcr , respectively.
histological changes of mouse skin were analyzed by h & e staining.
this inhibitory effects of ple on mmp-1 and mmp-3 were mediated by reduction of ros generation and ap-1 dna binding activity induced by uv.
furthermore , ple promoted type i procollagen production irrespective of uv irradiation.
in the uv-irradiated animal model , ple significantly reduced epidermal skin thickness and mmp-13 expression induced by uv.
conclusion : our results demonstrate that ple has the protective effect against uv-induced dermal matrix damage.
therefore , we suggest that ple can be a potential agent for prevention of skin aging.
methods : we performed secondary analyses of @number@ healthcare utilization project national ed sample from @number@ admissions to u.s. eds linked to injured elderly patients.
results : pd admissions had @percent@ increased adjusted prevalence of bone fracture.
no association of pd with in-hospital death was noted.
the prevalence of aortic valve stenosis ( as ) is increasing in the aging society.
research and development related to tavr require testing these devices in the calcified heart valves that closely mimic a native calcific valve.
however , no animal model of as has yet been available.
to solve this limitation , for the first time , we developed a novel polymeric valve whose leaflets possess calcium hydroxyapatite inclusions immersed in them.
this study reports the characteristics and feasibility of these valves.
the valves were tested in a heart flow simulator , and were studied using echocardiography.
our results showed high echogenicity of the polymeric valve , that was correlated to the severity of the calcification.
aortic valve area of the polymeric valves was measured , and the severity of stenosis was defined according to the clinical guidelines.
background : it is widely assumed that poor health lowers life satisfaction when ageing.
yet , research suggests this relationship is not straightforward.
this study investigated how older people evaluate their life when facing disease and disabilities.
those with severe cognitive dysfunction were excluded ( n = @number@ ) .
comorbidities , physical performance , cognitive function , functional status , residual lifespan , depressive symptoms and experienced loneliness were measured during home visits.
life satisfaction was self-reported with cantril's ladder.
all analyses were performed using regression analysis.
results : participants reported high life satisfaction ( median @number@ out of @number@ points ) despite having representative levels of disease and disability.
comorbidity , low cognitive function , and residual lifespan as markers of health were not associated with life satisfaction.
conclusion : poor physical health was hardly related to lower life satisfaction , whereas poor mental health was strongly related to lower life satisfaction.
odontoid fractures are the most common cervical fracture type among the elderly population.
several treatment options exist for these patients , ranging from immobilization with a semirigid orthosis to surgical arthrodesis.
introduction : frailty is one of the most important concerns regarding our aging population.
evidence grows that the syndrome is linked to several important health outcomes.
methods : this review and meta-analysis assembles prospective studies regarding the relation between frailty and any potential health outcome.
frailty instruments were subdivided into frailty concepts , so as to make comprehensive comparisons.
method : @number@ patients ≥60 years of age were recruited from @number@ gp clinics within singapore.
trained research personnel administered the ad8 to informants.
patients of the present study were compared against a random sample of @number@ patients selected from polyclinics.
therefore , patients attending polyclinics were found to have higher ad8 scores compared with patients in gp clinics ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : compared with gp clinics , polyclinics may be more suited to provide case-finding services for the detection of ci in primary health care.
however , the utility of the japanese equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) in cancer patients has not yet been evaluated.
methods : egfr , 24-h ccr , and cg were calculated in @number@ patients with thoracic malignancies.
conclusions : egfr is likely to overestimate the renal function of elderly cancer patients.
a modified equation for evaluating the renal function of japanese older patients might be needed.
aging is associated with impairments in homeostasis.
although aging and senescence are not equivalent , the number of senescent cells increases with aging.
cellular senescence plays important roles in tissue repair or remodeling , as well as embryonic development.
autophagy is a process of lysosomal self-degradation that maintains a homeostatic balance between the synthesis , degradation , and recycling of cellular proteins.
autophagy diminishes with aging ; additionally , accelerated aging can be attributed to reduced autophagy.
the possible participation of autophagy in the pathogenic sequence of copd has been extensively explored.
furthermore , advanced age is one of the most important risk factors for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) .
telomere shortening is found in blood leukocytes and alveolar epithelial cells from patients with ipf.
accelerated senescence of epithelial cells plays a role in ipf pathogenesis by perpetuating abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
insufficient autophagy may be an underlying mechanism of accelerated epithelial cell senescence and myofibroblast differentiation in ipf.
over the last @number@ decades human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection has become a chronic disease requiring long-term management.
aging , antiretroviral therapy , chronic inflammation , and several other factors contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients infected with hiv.
cardiovascular screening , prevention , and risk factor management are important factors in the management of patients infected with hiv worldwide.
dry eye and dry mouth symptoms are each reported by up to @percent@ of persons more than @number@ years of age , particularly in women.
medication side effects are the most common contributing factors.
the evaluation of these symptoms requires measures of ocular and oral dryness.
sjögren syndrome is the prototypic disease associated with dryness of the eyes and mouth and predominantly affects women in their perimenopausal and postmenopausal years.
musculoskeletal problems are the most frequently reported complaints among older adults living in the community.
sarcopenia represents a loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals.
despite its clinical importance , sarcopenia remains under-recognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice.
this is , in part , due to a lack of available diagnostic testing and uniform diagnostic criteria.
the management of sarcopenia is primarily focused on physical therapy for muscle strengthening and gait training.
there are no pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sarcopenia.
the incidence and prevalence of rheumatologic conditions are increasing and the rheumatology workforce must be aware of aging-specific issues.
this article reviews specific barriers to understanding the biology of aging and aging-related mechanisms that may underlie development of rheumatologic diseases in older adults.
it summarizes gaps in the assessment , outcomes measurement , and treatment of these diseases in this unique population.
we analyzed factors associated with these transitions , including the use of cigars and smokeless tobacco ( slt ) .
setting : united states.
the model controlled for socio-demographic factors and the use of cigars and slt.
findings : of the adults in our sample , @percent@ were non-daily smokers at baseline.
those who have suffered a concussion , otherwise known as a mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ) , often complain of lingering memory problems.
however , there is little evidence in the behavioral literature reliably demonstrating memory deficits.
we first investigated whether there were observable episodic and autobiographical memory impairments associated with mtbi within an otherwise healthy young group.
lastly , we conducted an exploratory analysis to test whether having suffered an mtbi might exacerbate age-related cognitive decline.
results showed the expected age-related decline in episodic memory performance , coupled with a relative preservation of semantic memory in older adults.
importantly , this pattern was also present in younger adults with a history of remote mtbi.
no differences were observed across older adult groups based on mtbi status.
a growing number of studies have found a link between outdoor air pollution and cognitive function among older adults.
methods : @number@ dlb and @number@ ad patients , and @number@ healthy elderly participants were studied.
patients were evaluated for global cognitive impairment , extrapyramidal signs , fluctuations of attention , and behavioral disorders.
results : patients were matched for age , gender , and disease severity.
discussion : rbd and daytime fluctuations of attention may coexist in dlb and even reciprocally potentiate each other.
the softer silicones , which swelled the most , had lower υ values than harder silicones.
whole-body vibration ( wbv ) training in elderly may improve muscle strength , muscle power and postural control.
the present study aimed to determine the effects of wbv training on hrqol in elderly women.
discrepancies among studies may be partly attributed to methodological differences , but the existence of publication bias in previous studies cannot be discarded.
background : facial skin pores ( fsp ) are common and benign signs that generate frequent esthetic concerns or complaints.
despite their worldwide prevalence , related literature remains scarce.
methods : dermascore + results : although the size and density of fsp are not affected by aging , their shape becomes elongated.
a few tested make up products show variable effects that closely correlate with visual assessments made by trained estheticians.
proximal challenges define three mortality partitions : juvenile and adult extrinsic mortalities and intrinsic adult mortality.
model parameters , generated from swedish mortality data ( 1751-2010 ) , exhibit biologically meaningful correspondences to economic , health and cause-of-death patterns.
ablative fractional lasers were introduced for treating facial rhytides.
few studies have compared fractional co cells change gene expression when they differentiate into different cell lineages.
cells also change their gene expression profiles to adapt to altering milieus.
response to mechanical stimulus , including blood pressure regulation as a typical example , is essential for cardiovascular homeostasis.
recent studies have revealed that sensitivity of baroreceptor reflex is impaired in metabolic syndrome and aging.
moreover , it is suggested that the baroreceptor reflex is involved in long term blood pressure regulation.
this review introduces the mechanism of mechanotransduction in the baroreceptor reflex.
our findings provide insight into the direct biological effects of social inequality on immune function , thus improving our understanding of social gradients in health.
disruptions of normal circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are consequences of aging and can profoundly affect health.
due to the world-wide aging population , there is a need for specialist neurological knowledge , treatment and care.
stroke treatment is effective in reducing mortality and disability , but it is still not available in many areas of the world.
all neurological on-site services and the telemedical network were successfully established within a short time.
after setup , @number@ inpatients and @number@ outpatients with stroke and stroke mimics were treated.
all evidence-based stroke treatments including thrombolysis and hemicraniectomy could be performed.
it is possible to establish evidence-based modern stroke treatment within a short time period by a transcontinental on-site and telemedical cooperation.
age-dependent collapse of lipid homeostasis results in spillover of lipids and excessive fat deposition in nonadipose tissues.
ectopic fat contributes to lipotoxicity and has been implicated in the development of a metabolic syndrome that increases risk of age-associated diseases.
however , the molecular mechanisms coupling ectopic fat accumulation with aging remain obscure.
none : why the cohort was set up ? : constances is a general-purpose cohort with a focus on occupational and environmental factors.
a biobank will be set up.
the follow-up includes an yearly self-administered questionnaire , a periodic visit to an hsc and linkage to social and national health administrative databases.
main types of data collected : data collected for participants include social and demographic characteristics , socioeconomic status , life events and behaviours.
data access : inclusions begun at the end of @number@ and more than @number@ @number@ participants were already included by @date@ .
several projects on occupational and environmental risks already applied to a public call for nested research projects.
cells are under constant assault from reactive oxygen species that occur endogenously or arise from environmental agents.
the cellular consequences and metabolism of oxidatively damaged dna can be quite complex with a number of dna metabolic proteins and pathways involved.
many of the responses to oxidative stress involve a specialized class of enzymes known as helicases , the topic of this review.
helicases are molecular motors that convert the energy of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwinding of structured polynucleic acids.
of these , sex differences have been the most frequently studied , and most of the literature describes greater pain sensitivity for women.
the other @number@ factors have been less frequently evaluated , and current literature is not definitive.
women were significantly more pain-sensitive than men for @number@ of @number@ measures.
race / ethnicity differences varied across groups and pain assessment type.
no pain threshold measure showed significant racial differences , whereas several suprathreshold pain measures did.
this suggests that racial differences are not related to tissue characteristics or inherent nociceptor sensitivity.
data used are from the @number@ to @number@ national health interview survey on @number@ adults who completed the adult functioning and disability supplement.
participants with severe pain were identified using a validated pain severity coding system imbedded in the national health interview survey adult functioning and disability supplement.
it was estimated that @percent@ of us military veterans reported pain in the previous @number@ months , with @percent@ classified as having severe pain.
compared with veterans , fewer nonveterans reported any pain ( @percent@ ) or severe pain ( @percent@ ) .
additional assistance may be necessary to help veterans cope with their pain.
aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system.
cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide.
the role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor , which has an even more important role in the geriatric population.
among products where melatonin has been identified include wine , olive oil , tomato , beer , and others.
background : it is evidently shown that colour has physical , psychological and sociological effects on human beings.
there are many studies showing the effects of colours on brain activity.
colour preferences may change from childhood to adulthood and are significantly different in various age groups.
methods : @number@ adults and @number@ children were included in the study.
three transparent cups were filled with water , two of which were coloured green / pink rinsing by dissolving a tablet in the water.
cups were placed near the dental unit.
during dental treatment sessions , patients were told to rinse their mouth with whichever cup they preferred.
preferred colour of cup , gender and age of patient , number of sessions were recorded.
data were statistically analysed by spss @number@ programme and chi-square tests.
results : half of all cases preferred water.
in adults , while females statistically significantly preferred water , males chose cups with coloured contents ( p < 0.01 ) .
male adults preferred more than one rinsing solution in a dental treatment session.
children mostly preferred water.
even if adults preferred cups with coloured contents in multi-dental treatment sessions , children regularly preferred water ( p < 0.001 ) .
female and male children mostly preferred water as a rinsing solution.
water was the most often choice for all patients.
both patients ' gender and colours of cups affected choices made by adults and children.
material was tissue of the pituitary gland of the @number@ male cadavers.
tissue slices were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal anti-lh antibody and polyclonal anti-s100 antibody for the detection of lh and fs cells , respectively.
digital images of the stained slices were afterwards morphometrically analyzed by imagej.
results of the morphometric analysis showed significant increase of the fs cells volume density in cases older than @number@ years.
volume density of the lh cells did not significantly change , whereas their area significantly increased with age.
nucleocytoplasmic ratio of the lh cells gradually decreased and became significant after the age of @number@
finally , volume density of the fs cell significantly correlated with lh cells area and nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
from all above cited , we concluded that in men , density and size of the fs cells increase with age.
long-term hypertrophy of the lh cells results in their functional decline after the age of @number@
strong correlation between fs cells and lh cells morphometric parameters might point to age-related interaction between these two cell groups.
significant hemodynamic changes ensue with aging , leading to an ever-growing epidemic of hypertension.
alterations in central arterial properties play a major role in these hemodynamic changes.
however , the trajectories of pwv and pp diverge with advancing age.
this article hopes to provide a general overview that stimulates interest , better understanding , and continued joint commitment to the important subject of hypertension.
background : soil-transmitted helminth ( sth ) infection peaks during childhood and varies by sex.
methods : kato-katz fecal smears were examined for parasite presence and infection intensity.
results : significant age and regional differences in ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection were detected.
overall , infants / children and juveniles / adolescents displayed higher parasite loads than adults.
cc females exhibited higher a. lumbricoides loads than uv females , while the opposite pattern was observed for t. trichiura infection in males.
conclusions : regional infection patterns varied by sex and parasite species , perhaps due to mi-linked environmental and lifestyle changes.
studies relating differential methylation with intermediate phenotypes and disease endpoints may be useful in identifying additional candidate genes and mechanisms involved in disease.
these sites were enriched in regulatory regions of the genome.
genes annotated to cpg sites showed enrichment in annotation clusters relating to phospho-metabolism and proteins with pleckstrin domains.
we investigated the contribution of oxidative stress-associated cpgs to development of cardiometabolic disease.
background : presenteeism is a growing problem in developed countries mostly due to an aging workforce.
the economic costs related to presenteeism exceed those of absenteeism and employer health costs.
employers are implementing workplace health promotion and wellness programs to improve health among workers and reduce presenteeism.
how best to design , integrate and deliver these programs are unknown.
methods : we partnered with a large international financial services company and used a qualitative synthesis based on an intervention mapping methodology.
this was then systematically operationalized into a program using discussion groups and consensus among experts and stakeholders.
results : the top health problem impacting our workplace partner was mental health.
depression and stress were the first and second highest cause of productivity loss respectively.
a multi-pronged program with detailed action steps was developed and directed at key stakeholders and health conditions.
conclusions : in general , intervention mapping was a useful method to develop a workplace health promotion and wellness program aimed at reducing presenteeism.
the methodology provided a step-by-step process to unravel a complex problem.
the process compelled participants to think critically , collaboratively and in nontraditional ways.
background : longer life expectancy is associated with an increasing prevalence of kidney disease.
aging itself may cause renal damage , but the spectrum of kidney disorders that affect elderly patients is diverse.
all kidney biopsies studied were examined at medical university of warsaw in years 2009-14.
conclusions : proteinuria , a dominating manifestation in elderly patients subjected to kidney biopsy was most commonly related to glomerulopathies.
the relatively high prevalence of potentially curative kidney diseases in elderly individuals implicates the importance of renal biopsy in these patients.
background : cognitive decline is frequently observed in elderly patients after major surgery.
the pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) remains unclear.
the aim of our investigation is to identify potential associations between brain volume change and pocd in elderly patients undergoing major surgery.
methods : this is a prospective observational cohort study approved by the regional ethics board.
thirty volunteers will be included as matched nonsurgical controls.
the primary endpoint of the study is the change in hippocampal volume over time in patients with and without pocd.
the secondary endpoint is the correlation between the change in cerebral volume and cognitive function.
we will follow the strobe guidelines for reporting the results of observational studies.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct02045004 .
registered @date@ .
kofam.ch snctp000001751.
registered @date@ ( retrospectively registered ) .
aim : whole-blood dna methylation depends on the underlying leukocyte composition and confounding hereby is a major concern in epigenome-wide association studies.
cell counts are often missing or may not be feasible.
computational approaches estimate leukocyte composition from dna methylation based on reference datasets of purified leukocytes.
we explored the possibility to train such a model on whole-blood dna methylation and cell counts without the need for purification.
conclusion : our model provided precise estimates for the common cell types.
aims : risk models that use a single aortic diameter threshold have failed to successfully predict acute type b aortic dissection ( tbad ) .
we sought to identify meaningful age-indexed anatomical variables to predict tbad risk.
in the presence of tbad , true and total artery lumen morphology were assessed.
a stepwise logistic model was built to predict tbad risk.
initial covariates included age , gender , body mass index and all anatomic variables not directly related to the dissected segment.
patient risk factors did not differ between groups.
most aortic anatomical variables were age-dependent.
aortic size was larger in every segment of the dissected with respect to non-dissected aortas ( p < 0.001 ) .
in dissected aortas , the true lumen volume was correlated to age ( r = 0.72 ) .
conclusions : tbad probability increases with a larger aortic arch diameter and a longer thoracic aorta , whereas threshold values increase with age.
the aortic morphology was age-dependent.
after dissection , true lumen volume correlated to age.
the use of threshold values indexed to age should be encouraged to better prevent and eventually treat tbad.
introduction : circadian alterations are prevalent in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and may contribute to cognitive impairment , behavioral symptoms , and neurodegeneration.
we hypothesized that aberrant dna methylation may affect circadian rhythms in ad.
results : dna methylation modulated rhythmic expression of clock genes in cultured fibroblasts.
moreover , rhythmic methylation of bmal1 was altered in ad brains and fibroblasts and correlated with transcription cycles.
discussion : our results indicate that cycles of dna methylation contribute to the regulation of bmal1 rhythms in the brain.
hence , aberrant epigenetic patterns may be linked to circadian alterations in ad.
multiple population studies have reported a positive correlation between higher levels of physical activity ( pa ) and longer lifespan.
it has been generally accepted that it occurs due to pa having a direct effect on longevity.
however , this idea is negated by experiments on animal models and an observational study on a twin cohort published recently by karvinen et al.
the intriguing lack of differences in lifespan in such pairs implies that pa is not an important life prolonging factor.
this discovery casts doubt on the validity of pa recommendations found in numerous medical guidelines.
nevertheless , the mentioned results apply only to the plain pa - longevity relation.
they do not consider health benefits of pa , for which solid evidence exists.
in particular , pa clearly reduces the risk of obesity-related diseases.
cardiac fibrogenesis is a common pathophysiological process seen during chronic and stress-induced accelerated cardiac aging.
in this minireview , we focus on five major epigenetic regulators and discuss their central role in cardiac fibrogenesis.
additionally , we compare and contrast the epigenetic regulation of hypertension-induced reactive fibrogenesis and myocardial infarction-induced reparative or replacement cardiac fibrogenesis.
as micrornas-one of the major epigenetic regulators-circulate in plasma , we also advocate their potential diagnostic role in cardiac fibrosis.
j. cell.
physiol.
232 : 1941-1956 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting / participants : @number@ community-dwelling , undernourished men and women aged > 65 years from south australia , victoria and new south wales.
measurements : frailty was operationalized using three frailty indices ( fi-lab , fi-self-report , fi-combined ) and the frailty phenotype.
participants at the intervention group were @number@ times more likely to improve their fi-combined score at both time points compared to the placebo group.
conclusion : a testosterone and a high calorie nutritional supplement intervention did not improve the frailty levels of under-nourished older people.
studies suggest frailty occurs earlier in hiv-infected individuals , but data in postmenopausal hiv-infected women are lacking.
we assessed the prevalence of frailty and association with anthropometric measures in hiv-infected and uninfected postmenopausal women.
multivariable logistic regression evaluated frailty risk factors.
the study was conducted at columbia university medical center between @number@ and @number@
the participants were @number@ hiv-infected and @number@ uninfected hispanic and african american postmenopausal women.
the study compared prevalence and predictors of frailty in hiv-infected and uninfected postmenopausal women.
prevalence of frailty tended to be higher among hiv-infected than uninfected controls ( @percent@ vs @percent@ p = 0.07 ) .
surprisingly , among hiv-infected women , total body fat , not lean mass , was associated with frailty in multivariate analysis.
the région languedoc roussillon is the umbrella organisation for an interconnected and integrated project on active and healthy ageing ( aha ) .
it is a reference site of the eip on aha.
the three years of macvia-lr activities are reported in this paper.
actigraphic monitoring is integrated with the facilities ' social alarm system.
bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied.
in longitudinal case analysis , sleep and activity patterns were found to be associated with local weather variables.
however , variance between individuals was large in this dataset which decreases the reliability of the results.
the study team performed a thorough search of the literature using six online databases.
this literature search limited included studies to randomized controlled trials which implemented a structured physical activity intervention for middle- and older-aged adults diagnosed with cancer.
studies were also required include at least one objective measure of physical function as a dependent outcome.
this literature search yielded thirty-eight studies.
a large number of published trials also suggest that exercise is effective in decreasing fatigue.
however , a lack of trials investigating outcomes in older populations ( ≥ @number@ years ) was noted in this review.
the results of this review suggest that a structured exercise program may be physically beneficial for middle-aged to older cancer survivors.
particularly , such interventions could preserve the functional status of cancer patients and , consequently , improve their long-term health outcomes.
future implications include further investigation into strictly older cancer patient populations , as outcomes related to exercise might differ between older and middle-aged adults.
objective : to evaluate the prevalence of frailty and the associated multimorbidity and functional impairments among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people in taiwan.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : communities in i-lan county of taiwan.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling people aged @number@ years and older.
intervention : none.
the prevalence of frailty was @percent@ in this study , while pre-frailty was @percent@ and @percent@ of all participants were robust.
conclusions : frailty was not simply a geriatric syndrome , but the combination of multiple geriatric syndromes.
rapamycin , an mtor inhibitor affects senescence through suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
we studied the safety and feasibility of low-dose rapamycin and its effect on sasp and frailty in elderly undergoing cardiac rehabilitation ( cr ) .
median age was @number@.9±7.5 years and @number@ were men.
serum interleukin-6 decreased ( @number@ vs @number@ pg / ml ) and mmp-3 ( @number@ vs @number@ ng / ml ) increased.
cellular senescence-associated beta galactosidase activity ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = 0.18 ) tended to decrease.
we observed some correlation between some senescence markers and physical performance but no improvement in frailty with rapamycin was noted.
( nct01649960 ) .
it also occurs as a consequence of disuse and an age-related loss of muscle mass and strength ( sarcopenia ) .
indeed , such measures have already been used successfully in a number of trials aimed at preventing disability in older adults.
systemic loss of neutral sphingomyelinase ( smpd3 ) in mice leads to a novel form of systemic , juvenile hypoplasia ( dwarfism ) .
here we describe the unprecedented role of smpd3.
cer and dag , two fusogenic intermediates , modify the membrane lipid bilayer for the initiation of vesicle formation and transport.
dysproteostasis , unfolded protein response , endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis perturb the golgi secretory pathway in the smpd3- / - mouse.
secretion of extracellular matrix proteins is arrested in chondrocytes and causes skeletal malformation and chondrodysplasia.
similarly , retarded secretion of proteo-hormones in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons leads to hypothalamus induced combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
epigenetic drift-induced abnormal changes during aging are scantily repaired by epigenetic modulators.
this inflexibility in the aged epigenome may lead to an age-related decline in phenotypic plasticity at the cellular and molecular levels due to epigenetic drift.
cut-offs on the asq-3 at @number@ months were estimated by receiver operating characteristic curves.
results : sixty ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) failed in any domain of the asq-3 and bayley-iii ( < 70 ) respectively.
optimal referral asq-3 score at @number@ months to achieve @percent@ npv was @number@
clinicians can be assured of normal motor development at @number@ months using the asq-3 , but should continue to screen children on other domains.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cocoa-intake frequency on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women.
these intake regimens were maintained in both groups for @number@ weeks.
carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and femoral-ankle pulse-wave velocity were measured in both groups at baseline and again at the end of the 12-week study period.
pretest and posttest assessments were performed after the theoretical-practical intervention.
mean differences and size effects were calculated for estimating the effect of the program.
results : at the end of the study , participants showed improvements in the active aging outcome measures.
no effects were observed in physical activity , frequency of social relationships , and subjective health.
conclusion : findings show that the vital aging program in face-to-face and combined versions encourages active aging in mexican older persons.
none : lineage development is a stepwise process , governed by stage-specific regulatory factors and associated markers.
astrocytes are one of the principle cell types in the cns and the stages associated with their development remain very poorly defined.
significance statement : astrocytes play a central role in cns function and associated diseases.
yet the mechanisms that control their development remain poorly defined.
using the developing mouse spinal cord as a model system , we identify molecular changes that occur in developing astrocytes.
these studies identify distinct stages of astrocyte lineage development and highlight the parallels between astrocyte development and their reactive counterparts associated with injury.
background / aim the \ "asphalt identikit \ " theory suggests that driving cessation inevitably leads to feelings of incompetence and dependency.
this article challenges this proposition by investigating the driving-related possible selves of british older adults living in west london.
discussion driving cessation is not a dreaded possible self for all older adults.
older adults may use a variety of identity maintenance processes to retain their positive sense of self.
background : telomere length and telomere shortening are associated with age-related health outcomes.
only a few studies have been able to longitudinally report on factors that are associated with changes in telomere length in an aging population.
objective : we studied the longitudinal relation between telomere length , the change in telomere length , and circulating amino acids.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) was measured with the use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
of the studied amino acids , the strongest inverse association was observed between the phenylalanine concentration that was measured @number@ y earlier and the ltl.
conclusions : the serum phenylalanine concentration is associated with telomere length and , therefore , potentially with the aging process.
because the associations reported are observational , no conclusions can be made regarding causality.
our findings support the hypothesis that cellular pathways that regulate aging are sex specific.
statement of problem : yttria-stabilized zirconia used for the fabrication of crowns and fixed prostheses may require intraoral adjustments after placement and cementation.
grinding and polishing methods may result in changes in the surface characteristics of zirconia.
all tests were carried out in triplicate.
the specimens were polished depending on the polishing regimen , while the control was left untreated.
the wear on antagonist steatite balls was also measured after mastication simulation.
statistical analysis was performed using 1-way anova and the tukey post hoc test to perform multiple comparison tests ( α = .05 ) .
the deposition of aluminum when using shofu abrasives and nickel in intensiv was demonstrated.
phase changes were observed on the zirconia surface with formation of the monoclinic phase in all polishing methods.
specimen aging enhanced the surface phase changes and also induced compressive stresses in zirconia polished with intensiv.
the different polishing protocols did not affect the wear to the antagonist ( p > .05 ) .
conclusions : polishing zirconia increased surface roughness and led to surface phase changes , but wear to the antagonist was not affected.
background : medical progress and the lifestyle modification have prolonged life expectancy , despite the development of chronic diseases.
it has been shown that the extent and diversity of informal tasks may jeopardize the physical , mental and social wellbeing of caregivers.
patients must be at least @number@ years old and living in the region of burgundy-franche-comte ( france ) .
qualitative approaches aimed at studying the caregiver / patient relationship , and situations leading to breakdown of the caregiver relationship will be also undertaken.
in addition , the randomized interventional trial will explore the relevance of the implementation of a supportive intervention by a social worker to help caregivers.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02626377 .
retrospectively registered on @date@ .
protocol date / version : @date@ / version @number@
background : at present , the exact mechanism of postoperative delirium has not been elucidated.
the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and to explore possible related factors.
methods : this is a retrospective study.
we used @number@ patients who had undergone orthopedic surgery between @date@ and @date@ .
among the @number@ patients , @number@ developed postoperative delirium ( an incidence of @percent@ ) .
to investigate the influences of different electrolytes disorders for postoperative delirium , the chi-square test was used.
there were statistically significant differences between the delirium group and the non-delirium group in the incidences of the sodium and calcium disorders.
conclusions : aging and postoperative electrolyte disorders ( hyponatremia and hypocalcemia ) are risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries.
background : bilingualism may protect against cognitive aging and delay the onset of dementia.
however , studies comparing monolinguals and bilinguals on such metrics have produced inconsistent results complicated by confounding variables and methodological concerns.
group differences on the 3ms were driven by language / executive and language / praxis factors.
within the bilingual group , neither language of testing nor degree of bilingualism was significantly associated with 3ms or verbal memory scores.
the effects of bilingualism should be considered when cognitively screening is performed in aging immigrant populations.
the location of epileptic foci is variable , as is etiology.
younger patients are more likely to have posterior foci than older ones.
as opposed to female oogonia , the male germ cells undergo hundreds of cell divisions during the fertile years.
in addition to replication errors , dna replication fidelity and inefficient dna repair machinery in the spermatogonia also contribute to the mutagenic load.
the gene expression profile of the study subjects was determined with humanht- @date@ expression beadchip from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
we used spearman's rank correlation to look for the associations of gene expression with paternal age at conception.
associated transcripts were further analyzed with gorilla and ipa to determine enriched cellular processes and pathways.
pac was associated with the expression levels of @number@ transcripts in nonagenarian subjects.
these transcripts belonged to the process of mitochondrial translational termination and the canonical pathway of mitochondrial dysfunction , more specifically of oxidative phosphorylation.
the observed systematic down-regulation of several mitochondrial respiratory chain components implies compromised function in oxidative phosphorylation and thus in the production of chemical energy.
we evaluated whether chronic low-calorie sweetener use is a risk factor for abdominal obesity.
at baseline , @number@ were low-calorie sweetener non-users ( @percent@ men ) and @number@ participants were low-calorie sweetener users ( @percent@ men ) .
time-varying low-calorie sweetener use was operationalized as the proportion of visits since baseline at which low-calorie sweetener use was reported.
individual differences in brain functional networks may be related to complex personal identifiers , including health , age , and ability.
here , we apply hypergraph analysis , a method from dynamic network theory , to quantify individual differences in brain functional dynamics.
using a summary metric derived from the hypergraph formalism-hypergraph cardinality-we investigate individual variations in two separate , complementary data sets.
the first data set ( \ "multi-task \ " ) consists of @number@ individuals engaging in four consecutive cognitive tasks.
with the increased age range in the age-memory data set , the correlation between hypergraph cardinality and age correspondence becomes significant.
the right to leisure is recognized as a human right under the @number@ united nations universal declaration of human rights.
the actual meaning and material content of this human right is subject to debate.
methodologically , this study textually analyzed @number@ different international older persons ' human rights documents.
the findings reveal that in the majority of these documents there is no reference to the right to leisure.
in the remaining documents , the right to leisure is mostly referred to indirectly or in a narrow legal construction.
medicare part d has been successful in providing affordable prescription drug coverage with relatively high levels of beneficiary reported satisfaction.
we use nationally representative survey data to examine whether racial / ethnic disparities exist in reported part d satisfaction and plan evaluations.
the progression of facial shape with aging is the subject of various theories and assumptions but remains poorly understood.
the authors have used the unique capabilities of the three-dimensional camera to average the faces of large numbers of subjects to understand this complex process.
what the authors present here is a technique of analysis rather than detailed results.
though plans to eliminate malaria from the island of hispaniola have recently received much attention , arbovirus surveillance continues to be largely neglected in haiti.
these findings highlight the large burden of disease from denv and the need for enhanced arbovirus surveillance and implementation of vector control strategies throughout haiti.
hypothesis : most golfers successfully return to sport after lumbar fusion surgery.
study design : case series.
level of evidence : level @number@
patients completed a specifically designed golf survey.
surveys were mailed , given during follow-up clinic , or answered during telephone contact.
the average age of golfers was @number@ years ( range , 32-79 years ) .
in @percent@ of golfers , preoperative back and / or leg pain significantly affected their ability to play golf.
within @number@ year from surgery , @percent@ of patients returned to practice and @percent@ returned to course play.
only @percent@ of patients stated that continued back / leg pain limited their play.
twenty-five patients ( @percent@ ) were able to play the same amount of golf or more than before fusion surgery.
of those providing handicaps , @number@ ( @percent@ ) reported the same or an improved handicap.
conclusion : more than @percent@ of golfers return to on-course play within @number@ year of lumbar fusion surgery.
the majority of golfers can return to preoperative levels in terms of performance ( handicap ) and frequency of play.
data derived from the first and second waves of the daily diary study of the national survey of midlife in the united states.
participants completed telephone interviews about their experiences across eight consecutive days.
findings showed a significant interaction effect of retirement transition and age on daily stressors.
gender did not significantly moderate the associations between retirement transition and daily experiences.
altruism is typically associated with traits or behaviors that benefit the population as a whole , but are costly to the individual.
we propose that , when the environment is rapidly changing , senescence ( age-related deterioration ) can be altruistic.
moreover , as in many situations where other cooperative behavior arises , senescence can be stabilized in a structured population.
task-switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults.
seventy cognitively intact adults ( 43-87 years ) completed a cued-trials task switching paradigm.
microstructural white matter measures were derived using diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) analyses on the diffusion-weighted imaging ( dwi ) sequence.
rad mediated the relationship between age and task switching performance.
variability in error and rt mixing cost were associated with rad in global white matter and in frontoparietal white matter tracts , respectively.
hum brain mapp 38 : 1588-1603 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
vasohibins ( vash1 and vash2 ) are recently identified regulators of angiogenesis and cancer cell functions.
however , the precise mechanism of svbp-dependent ups is poorly understood.
the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglion contains somas of neurons that innervate the cornea.
icns project for several millimeters within the corneal epithelium without schwann cell support.
here , we present evidence for the hypothesis that corneal epithelial cells function as glial cells to support the icns.
corneal epithelial cells activate in response to injury via mechanisms similar to those induced in schwann cells during wallerian degeneration.
corneal epithelial cells phagocytize distal axon fragments within hours of icn crush wounds.
during aging , the proteins , lipids , and mitochondria within the icns become damaged in a process exacerbated by uv light.
we propose that icns shed their aged and damaged termini and continuously elongate to maintain their density.
glia @number@ ; 65 : 851-863.
scope : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is an important biomarker of aging.
this study examined whether inflammatory potential of diet , as measured by the dietary inflammatory index methods and results : data came from nhanes 1999-2002.
ltl and crp were assayed from leukocyte dna and serum specimens , respectively.
the dii was calculated from food intakes assessed using 24-h dietary recalls and expressed per @number@ calories consumed.
associations were examined using survey-based multivariable linear regression for log-transformed ltl.
this study also provided a successful construct validation of the dii using crp in a nationally representative sample.
these results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet-associated inflammation determines ltl.
we aimed to describe anatomical variations in axillary vessels found in our institutional experience.
patients and methods : a prospective 3-year study was conducted in our institution from @date@ to @date@ .
sixty-one consecutive axillary lymph node dissections ( alnds ) were performed in @number@ patients who underwent surgery for stage ii and iii invasive breast cancer.
anatomical details of axillary vascular anatomy and its variations have been evaluated , described and stored in a prospective database.
results : sixty-one alnds have been performed in the study period.
the anatomy of lateral thoracic vein , angular vein and axillary vein was studied and compared with standard anatomical description.
eighteen percentage of venous variations were found out of the @number@ dissection performed.
conclusions : vascular anatomy of axilla is complex and variable.
a better knowledge of all possible variations might be helpful in preventing injuries during alnd.
however , studies comparing ldp with odp in elderly patients are limited.
the purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of these two several approaches in elderly patients.
demographic data , operative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.
results : demographic and tumor characteristics of laparoscopic and odp were similar.
there were also no significant differences in operating room time.
patients undergoing ldp had lower blood loss , first flatus time , diet start time and postoperative hospital stay.
there were no significant differences in complication rates or 90-day mortality.
discussion : ldp is safe and feasible as odp in selected elderly patients.
elderly patients have unique characteristics that make dosing vancomycin a challenge for clinicians , such as increased volume of distribution and decreased renal function.
a comprehensive literature search yielded @number@ studies that met the inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis.
no single test differed significantly across the ad and dlb groups.
for the ad and pathology free comparison , results indicated that that ad was associated with poorer performance on the memory and language domains.
with respect to specific cognitive tests , ad produced lower scores on list learning tests , category fluency , and the digit symbol substitution test.
the limited number of studies meeting inclusion criteria warrants formulation of guidelines for reporting in clinico-pathological studies ; suggested guidelines are provided.
transcellular propagation of tau aggregates may underlie the progression of pathology in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other tauopathies.
in a tauopathy mouse model , we have detected seeding activity far in advance of histopathological changes.
it remains unknown whether individuals with ad also develop seeding activity prior to accumulation of phospho-tau.
seeding activity correlated positively with braak stage and negatively with mmse.
our results are consistent with early transcellular propagation of tau seeds that triggers subsequent development of neuropathology.
the fret-based seeding assay may also complement standard neuropathological classification of tauopathies.
we identified predictors for hr of patients aged > 85 years admitted to the icu after surgery.
methods : retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted at a university hospital.
perioperative data and outcome were assessed and compared.
multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors.
results : the average age of patients was @number@ years.
hr occurred in @percent@ of patients , and mortality was @percent@.
the hr group had higher preoperative albumin level than did the non-hr group.
more patients in the non-hr group experienced hip surgery than in the hr group ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
apache ii score was higher ( p < @number@ ) in the non-hr group.
in multivariate analysis , preoperative albumin , hip surgery , and apache ii score were independent predictors of hr.
each slide was presented on the left side of the participant once the first step was initiated.
the slides did not affect the base of support , step length , step velocity and time of double support.
advancing age influenced the subjective impact of the slides and gait characteristics , but did not modulate medio-lateral shifts.
the data extend evidence of fast , emotional modulation of stepping , with theoretical and applied consequences.
pyropia yezoensis ( p. yezoensis ) is a marine algae that exhibits antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , antitumor and anti-aging activities.
using mts assay , we found that pyp1-5 did not affect cell viability.
moreover , we confirmed that pyp1-5 increased type @number@ collagen expression using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) , western blot analysis and quantitative pcr.
in addition , we identified changes in various enzymes , as well as the mechanisms behind the pyp1-5-induced collagen synthesis.
pyp1-5 decreased the mmp-1 protein and mrna levels , and increased the timp-1 and timp-2 protein and mrna levels.
furthermore , pyp1-5 upregulated transcription factor specificity protein @number@ ( sp1 ) expression , which is reportedly involved in type @number@ collagen expression.
these findings indicate that pyp1-5 activates the tgf-β / smad signaling pathway , which subsequently induces collagen synthesis in hs27 cells.
venous thrombosis ( vt ) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide.
complications from vt and pulmonary embolism are the leading cause of lost disability-adjusted life years.
knowledge of these mechanisms may yield new therapeutic targets.
characterisation of mechanisms that mediate vt formation and stability , particularly in aging , are needed to advance understanding of vt.
purpose : the effects of lumbosacral and spinal orthoses on low back pain and gait are not exactly clear.
therefore , we aimed to determine the efficacy of this trunk orthosis during level walking in healthy elderly subjects.
kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system , and erector spinae activity was recorded by electromyography.
self-reported iadls were assessed at baseline and follow-up.
mobility was assessed by the 6-minute walk test.
gender-specific associations between fatigue and iadl-limitations and mobility were estimated by multivariable logistic and linear regression models.
results : a total of @percent@ of males and @percent@ of females were fatigued.
background : china has a large and aging population.
the need for physicians with training in clinical neurosciences will grow.
there is little known regarding the factors that lead physicians in china to pursue careers in clinical neurosciences.
the objective of this study was to garner a clearer understanding of factors that influence physicians to pursue careers in neurosurgery and neurology in china.
methods : we surveyed attendees at a national neuroscience conference on the factors that influence their pursuit of careers in clinical neurosciences.
responses were quantified on a likert scale.
one-way analysis of variance was used to compare different groups of respondents.
results : factors associated with the intellectual elements of the specialties were rated most highly.
differences were noted between respondents , with trainees rating lifestyle-related factors more highly compared with attending physicians.
conclusions : the intellectual challenges are important factors for physicians in china influencing the pursuit of careers in the clinical neurosciences.
this finding echoes results found elsewhere in the world.
however , differences with trainees elsewhere in the world emerge when evaluating additional factors influencing trainees pursuing careers in the clinical neurosciences.
trainees in china rate educational experiences and mentorship more highly , whereas u.s. trainees rate altruistic goals more highly.
this study provides a clearer understanding of factors influencing career choice among clinical neuroscientists in china.
unhealthy alcohol use is common among hiv-positive patients , yet effective evidence-based treatments are rarely provided in clinical settings providing hiv care.
further , given patient variability in response to initial treatments , stepped care approaches may be beneficial.
for those with at-risk drinking or mald , integrated stepped care starts with a one session brief intervention and follow-up 2-week telephone booster.
for those with aud , integrated stepped care begins with apm.
results from the step trials should inform future research and the implementation of interventions to address unhealthy alcohol use among hiv-positive individuals.
immunosenescence is thought to result from cellular aging and to reflect exposure to environmental stressors and antigens , including cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) .
in addition to gray matter dysfunction , the plasticity and repair capacity of white matter also decrease with aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
aging not only renders patients more susceptible to these disorders , but also attenuates their self-repair capabilities.
in addition , low drug responsiveness and intolerable side effects are major challenges in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases.
thus , stem cell therapies-characterized by cellular plasticity and the ability to self-renew-may be a promising strategy for aging-related brain disorders.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is characterized by a central vision loss.
luminance contrast of scenes was equalized between stimuli using a root-mean square ( rms ) contrast normalization.
in experiment @number@ we applied an rms contrast of @number@ corresponding to the mean contrast of hsf scenes in natural conditions.
in experiment @number@ we manipulated four levels of linearly-increasing rms contrasts ( @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) for hsf scenes only.
performances improved as contrast increased in hsf scenes.
controls were not differentially affected by the spatial frequency content of scenes.
overall , results suggest that lsf processing is well preserved in amd patients and allows efficient scene categorization in their parafoveal residual vision.
the hsf processing deficit could be partially restored by enhancing luminance contrast.
processing differences between monolinguals and bilinguals were identified for each task , although the locus differed across the tasks.
language group differences were most clear in the stroop task , with bilinguals showing superior performance both behaviourally and electrophysiologically.
ethnopharmacology relevance : oldenlandia diffusa ( od ) has long been known as an apoptotic inducer in breast tumors in ethnomedicine.
additionally , transwell migration , invasion and transcriptional activity were assessed.
results of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for translocation of nf-κb and p-erk and p-p38 were also checked.
finally , apoptotic signals including processed caspase-8 , caspase-7 , poly adp-ribose polymerase , bax and bcl-2 were examined.
results : mod and bod specifically inhibited pma-induced mmp-9 expression as well as invasive and migration potential via icam-1.
the inhibitory activity was also based on the suppressed transcriptional activity in mcf-7 breast cancer cells.
objectives : antibiotic stewardship has been called for across all sites of health care , including nursing homes ( nhs ) .
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : thirty-one nhs in southeastern united states.
measurements : chart data from a random sample of @number@ antibiotic prescriptions for sstis were abstracted.
audits also collected the name , route , and duration of the associated antibiotic.
analyses calculated the types of diagnoses and evaluated associations between published criteria and prescribing.
doxycycline was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic.
these findings indicate that sstis present various opportunities to improve antibiotic stewardship.
conclusions : the present study further informs our understanding of the disparate functional neuroanatomy of recency memory and recognition memory in ad.
the correlates of recognition memory included the medial temporal lobe and ofc , replicating prior studies.
erectile dysfunction and low sexual desire are multifactorial diseases.
the decrease in testosterone levels is one of the causes , but the effect of estradiol is not well known.
moreover , study has shown that the testosterone / estradiol ratio has more influence over sexuality than does estradiol alone.
the aim of the study was to determine whether the balance between testosterone and estradiol has any relation to some aspects of sexual function.
it was an ambispective study of @number@ patients with urological problems unrelated to sexuality.
they underwent a detailed history and hormone study including total , free , bioavailable testosterone and estradiol.
they completed the sexual health inventory for men and questions @number@ and @number@ of the iief15 were used to assess impairment in sexual desire.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
age , free and biodisponible testosteron were the only variables with a positive linear association with erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire.
age was the only independent variable for both , erectile dysfunction and sexual desire , in the multiple linear regression.
there was no association between a testosterone / estradiol imbalance and an alteration in erectile function and sexual desire.
consequently , in the clinical study of these patients , it is not necessary to request estradiol in the laboratory analyses.
fractionated irradiation also reduces neurogenesis.
furthermore , irradiation induces hippocampal neuronal loss in ca1 and ca3 areas , neuroinflammation and reduces gliogenesis.
the hippocampal neurovascular niche and the total number of microvessels are also changed after radiation exposures.
each or combination of these pathological changes may cause cognitive impairment and aging.
interestingly , acute irradiation of aged brain with a certain amount of radiation has also been reported to induce brain hormesis or neurogenesis.
investigation focusing on radiation-induced changes of critical brain development events may reveal many previously unknown adverse effects.
association between hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular ( cv ) disease is still controversial.
treatment was switched after 8-week washout.
clinical evaluation and vascular tests were assessed at baseline and after intervention.
objective : to compare the risk of jaw osteonecrosis after intravenous ( iv ) bisphosphonate administered to patients with cancer vs patients without cancer.
probable jaw osteonecrosis was estimated with an algorithm including diagnoses , surgical procedures , and imaging studies.
a non-iv bisphosphonate comparison group included patients prescribed an oral bisphosphonate for @number@ days or less.
the lower rate of jaw osteonecrosis in patients without cancer was also confirmed in a number of sensitivity analyses.
one of the strategic objectives of the 2011-2020 global vaccine action plan is for the benefits of immunisation to be equitably extended to all people.
many people with chronic medical conditions or who are immunocompromised due to disease or aging are also under-vaccinated.
in most other countries , rates are far lower.
there is also evidence that healthcare providers ' attitudes towards vaccination are among the most important influences on the decision to vaccinate.
hence , there has been some skepticism as to whether telomere length may be helpful in estimating cancer risk.
for melanoma , however , results have been fairly consistent showing that longer telomeres are associated with an increased risk.
this link was first discovered because of a link between longer telomeres and a high number of naevi.
in contrast , for cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas , the relationship is reversed with higher risk in individuals with shorter telomeres.
this manuscript will address the evidence for links between telomere biology , skin phenotypes and cancer risk.
results : the illiterate participants had poorer performance than the educated participants.
the performance of the two educated groups was similar on all versions of the bnt.
a higher number of correct responses were observed on the adapted bnt than on the original bnt in all three education groups.
conclusions : the adapted bnt appears to be the most suitable for use in the low-educated brazilian population.
modulations of angiogenesis may influence cancer rates.
we also wanted to investigate whether cancer morbidity among hht patients differs from that among controls.
results : we included all hht patients in the county of fyn , denmark , prevalent as of @date@ in total @number@ hht patients.
the controls were defined at start of follow-up in @number@
information on lifestyle factors was not available.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) hht patients and @number@ ( @percent@ ) controls passed away during follow-up.
the survival curves were evenly distributed showing similar survival rates in the two groups.
cancer diagnoses had been registered in the follow-up period in @number@ ( @percent@ ) hht patients and in @number@ ( @percent@ ) controls.
conclusion : the mortality was not increased among danish hht patients compared to controls.
this study is based on a clinical unselected series of hht patients with the whole spectrum of severity , independent of need for medical care.
our data also suggest that hht patients to a lesser degree than the background population are affected by cancer.
background : the ad etiology is yet not properly known.
interactions among environmental factors , multiple susceptibility genes and aging , contribute to ad.
this study investigates the factors that play role in causing ad and how changes in cellular pathways contribute to ad.
in cancer , these responses are upregulated and maintained.
evolutionarily conserved responses and maintenance mechanisms such as foxo are impaired in ad.
this study may contribute in developing new potential diagnostic tests , interventions and treatments.
background : the analysis of dna methylation is a key component in the development of personalized treatment approaches.
it is as easy to apply to a sample of beta values as beta regression and m-value regression.
attaining optimal glycemic targets in patients with type @number@ diabetes is often hard and compromised by the shortcomings of the several treatments.
areas covered : when glycemic levels are not adequately controlled , an association of glp-1 receptor agonists and insulin therapy can be adopted.
six studies compared glp-1 receptor agonists with short acting insulin as a treatment strategy to intensify basal insulin therapy.
in this perspective , the health of older plwha must be viewed through a lens of power and strength rather than one of deficit.
over @percent@ of adults with hiv exhibit some form of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder , ranging from mild asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment to hiv-associated dementia.
fortunately , as noted in the geriatric literature , cognitive training strategies have been shown to improve targeted neurocognitive domains and everyday functioning.
implications for practice and research are provided.
social networks of older adults with hiv have been characterized as fragile , with a greater reliance on friends as compared to family.
data were obtained from research on older adults with hiv ( n = @number@ ) .
participants were @number@ years and older , hiv positive , and diverse in terms of race / ethnicity , gender , and sexual orientation.
cluster analysis identified isolated , friend-centered , and integrated social network types.
those with isolated network types will likely need to access a high volume of community-based services as they age as they lack informal support resources.
stigma is then placed in a historical context of hiv and aids , and events exacerbating hiv stigma are discussed.
stigma management strategies are outlined and finally , implications of working with older adults related to hiv stigma are provided.
people aging with hiv present a unique challenge for providers.
consequently , hiv providers are tasked with managing multiple age-related illnesses , within service networks that are historically not designed to care for aging patients.
the result is an emerging , vulnerable population , and the question is how to best care for them.
as part of the answer , we offer examples of how providers can use geriatric principles to improve the care of aging hiv-infected patients.
lastly , we identify aging-specific guidelines and service integration as important areas for future endeavors.
persons surviving to older ages with hiv / aids often face an accelerated aging accompanied by increased comorbidity and decline in health and function.
anatomical and physiological changes related to the aging process make people vulnerable to physical and cognitive impairments.
in old age , quality of life depends mainly on avoidance and management of age-associated diseases rather than chronological parameters.
interventions to manage chronic conditions associated with aging may have a significant impact on quality of life in older persons with hiv infection.
in this chapter , we will review the challenge of polypharmacy and suggest ways of minimizing drug-drug interactions.
adherence to medication schedules and possible future alternative drug delivery systems will also be presented.
with effective antiretroviral therapy , hiv has become a chronic disease , and life expectancy among hiv-infected persons is approaching that of hiv-uninfected persons.
these comorbid diseases tend to cluster in a single person , leading to multimorbidity and polypharmacy.
emerging evidence suggests that multimorbidity among hiv-infected persons results in functional decline , reduced quality of life , and increased mortality.
in this review , we examine the epidemiology , risk factors , etiologies , and potential consequences of multimorbidity in aging hiv-infected persons.
with aggressive risk factor management for comorbidities and less toxic antiretroviral medications , the burden of multimorbidity in hiv-infected persons can be reduced.
hiv infection may potentiate specific biomarkers that influence the development of premature clinical indices commonly associated with aging.
therefore , predicting mortality outcomes in people living with hiv is extremely important as this population ages.
measures that incorporate specific biomarkers related to hiv infection , designed to predict mortality outcomes in individuals with hiv , are also discussed.
aging is a complex biological process that leads to several physiological changes.
among these changes , the most striking are those involving the innate and adaptive parts of the immune system.
immunosenescence , concomitantly with inflamm-aging , is considered as the leading cause of age-related diseases including cardiovascular , neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases , and cancer.
hiv infection , once considered a unique deadly infectious disease , has now become a chronic disease with efficacious highly active antiretroviral therapy.
this signifies that the treatment transforms hiv infection from a chronic infection to a chronic inflammatory disease.
most people with hiv infection become aged , and older adults have been contracting hiv infection.
future studies are needed to effectively answer this question for the better care of hiv-infected elderly patients.
at this juncture , conclusions should be tentative.
certainly , biological processes that correlate with aging occur earlier in the older adult hiv population.
clinical manifestations of these biological processes are age-associated illnesses occurring in greater numbers ( multimorbidity ) , but they are not accelerated.
specifically cardiovascular disease , certain cancers , and renal disease are more common with other comorbidities less certain.
management of this elevated risk for developing multimorbidity is a major concern for patients and their health care teams.
the medical system must respond to the evolving needs of this aging and growing older adult population who will dominate the epidemic.
adopting a more holistic approach to their health care management is needed to achieve optimal health and well-being in the hiv-infected older adult.
geriatric care principles best embody this approach.
this introduction serves to foreground current patterns associated with hiv and aging , globally.
we highlight key trends by world health organization sub-region , and identify gaps in existing knowledge.
results : cfpwv increased in esrd patients compared to control subjects.
the cfpwv-age relationship was found to have a steeper increase in esrd patients.
the highest cfpwv and eva values were observed in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
regression analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of the eva in hd patients on a 5-year follow-up.
conclusion : patients in esrd showed higher levels of eva. cfpwv and eva differed in esrd patients depending on their renal failure etiology.
chp showed an eva reduction after a 5-year follow-up period.
in particular , we show that the model of heterogeneous population fits mortality data better than other commonly used mortality models.
this was demonstrated using cohort data taken for the entire lifespan as well as for only old ages.
also , we show that the model can reproduce seemingly contradicting observations in late-life mortality dynamics.
we hypothesized that voluntary aerobic exercise would increase arterial resilience in old mice.
here , associations between postural performance and corticosubcortical brain regions were examined in young and older adults using multiple structural imaging and linear mixed models.
in addition , the brainstem mediated the effect of age on postural control , underscoring the brainstem's fundamental role in aging.
methods and results : a total of @number@ apparently healthy people ( women : 155 , men : 1220 ) , aged 18-70years were enrolled.
the subjects were divided into three age groups : group @date@ -30years ; group @date@ -50years ; group @date@ -70years.
first , the influence of age on anp and bnp levels was examined.
second , sex differences in anp and bnp levels due to age were examined.
anp level was higher in women than that in men in all age groups.
bnp level was higher in women than that in men in groups i and ii.
multivariate analysis indicated that both anp and bnp levels were influenced by age , hemoglobin level , and platelet counts.
background : associations between inherited mitochondrial disease and cardiac conduction have been previously described.
our aim was to determine if ecg-derived qrs duration is associated with ucp2 dd genotype in a cross-sectional australian aging rural population.
methods : a retrospective study design utilizing a rural health diabetic screening clinic data-base containing observational data from @date@ to @date@ .
inclusion criteria included were having ecg parameters such as qrs duration measures and a dna sample within the same subject.
genomic dna was extracted and subjects were genotyped for the 45-bp i / d polymorphism in the @number@'-untranslated region of ucp2.
results : @number@ individuals were available for analysis.
for other ecg parameters ; mean pq duration , qtc across ucp2 genotypes was not significant ( p = ns ) .
qtc using a cut-off > 440ms in contingency table analysis revealed no significant differences across ucp2 i / d genotypes.
mean qt dispersion ( qtd ) was paradoxically less in the ucp2 dd genotype compared to ucp2 ii subgroup ( p = 0.034 ) .
discussion : we have demonstrated an association between increasing ecg-derived qrs duration > 140ms and the ucp2 dd polymorphism.
the lack of association with ecg derived qtd and ucp2 dd may suggest that gene-related qrs duration prolongation is independent of cardiac hypertrophy.
lung tissue remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is characterized by airway wall thickening and / or emphysema.
therefore , we hypothesized that tnf-α induces jnk-dependent epithelial plasticity , which contributes to lung matrix remodeling.
concurrently , the expression of the epithelial markers , e-cadherin and keratin @number@ and @number@ was attenuated.
a pharmacological inhibitor of jnk attenuated this phenotypic shift in vitro , demonstrating involvement of jnk signaling in this process.
interestingly , activation of jnk signaling was also clearly present in lungs of spc-tnf-α mice and patients with copd.
depressive symptomatology was measured using the 8-item center for epidemiological studies-depression ( ces-d ) scale.
social support was assessed by marital status and frequency of contact with friends , relatives or children.
there was a strong inverse dose-response association between wealth and depressive symptoms among all participants with disability.
this study shows a clear wealth gradient in disability among older english adults , especially for those with elevated depressive symptoms.
the outcome of aki needing crrt in elderly patients is known to be poor.
this study was aimed to evaluate this issue.
methods : this study was a single-center , retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent crrt from @date@ to @date@ .
the short- and long-term mortality rates for each age cohort were compared.
results : a total of @number@ patients met the inclusion criteria.
the short-term mortality rate was @percent@ in the entire cohort.
conclusion : compared with the middle-aged cohort , the middle-old and the old-old cohort showed an increased short-term and long-term mortality rate.
however , in the young-old cohort , neither the short-term nor the long-term mortality rate was increased.
we previously reported that app undergoes palmitoylation at two cysteine residues ( cys186 and cys187 ) in the e1-ectodomain.
8-10% of total app is palmitoylated in vitro and in vivo.
palmitoylated app ( palapp ) shows greater preference for β-cleavage than total app in detergent resistant lipid rafts.
protein palmitoylation is known to promote protein dimerization.
here we report that over @percent@ of palapp is dimerized while only ~20% of total app forms dimers.
palapp-dimers are predominantly cis-oriented while total app dimerizes in both cis- and trans-orientation.
palapp forms dimers @number@.5-times more efficiently than total app.
overexpression of the palmitoylating enzymes dhhc7 and dhhc21 that increase palapp levels and aβ release , also increased app dimerization in cells.
conversely , inhibition of app palmitoylation by pharmacological inhibitors reduced app-dimerization in coimmunoprecipitation and flim / fret assays.
most importantly , generation of sappβ-sappβ dimers is dependent on app-palmitoylation while total sappβ generation is not.
background / objectives : predictors of healthy aging have not been well-studied using longitudinal data with demographic , clinical , subclinical , and genetic information.
the objective was to identify predictors of poor health outcome at @number@ years of follow-up in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( mesa ) .
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : population-based sample from @number@ u.s. communities.
participants : @number@ participants in the mesa study.
models were weighted to account for selective attrition.
introduction : to compare the 12-month choroidal thickness ( ct ) change between alzheimer disease ( ad ) patients and normal subjects.
ct was measured manually using the caliper tool of the optical coherence tomography device.
discussion : ct in patients with ad showed a rate of thinning greater than what could be expected during the natural course of aging.
objective : this study aimed to investigate whether information on cortical and trabecular bone predict fracture risk independently of abmd and clinical risk factors.
incident fractures ( @number@ men ) were x-ray verified.
associations were evaluated using cox regression.
conclusion : hr-pqct measurement of cortical area and mass might add clinically useful information for the evaluation of fracture risk.
a further \ "one-stitch \ " of anchorage to the deep temporal fascia is required to hold tissues.
by a minimal surgical access , we get a suitable cheek lift with the improvement of nose-labial folds , mandibular edge and neck contour.
seven of the patients had a previous facelift.
@number@ out of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had concomitant eyelid surgery and @number@ ( @percent@ ) neck contouring procedure.
acquired data on the aesthetic result were statistically evaluated using student t-test.
this is a study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the new-lift technique for facial rejuvenation.
based on the results of our study , the new-lift is a very effective surgery for rejuvenation of the face with mild to moderate aging.
all patients healed uneventfully without any major postoperative problems.
design : longitudinal cohort study using proportional hazards models to predict long-term nursing home residence and subdistribution models with death as a competing risk.
setting : community-based prospective cohort study.
measurements : gait speed was measured on a straight 6-m course and averaged over two trials.
long-term nursing home residence was defined using a validated algorithm based on medicare part b claims for nursing home-related care.
results : participants were followed until long-term nursing home residence , disenrollment from medicare plan , death , or @date@ .
associations were attenuated in subdistribution models ( ahr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @date@ ) but remained statistically significant.
ignoring the competing mortality risk may overestimate long-term care needs and costs.
the purpose of this study was to synthesize internal consistency ( cronbach's alpha ) and test-retest reliability for the ams scale and its three subscales.
methods : of the @number@ studies reviewed , @number@ provided alpha coefficients which were then used in the meta-analyses of internal consistency.
seven of the @number@ included studies provided test-retest coefficients , and these were used in the meta-analyses of test-retest reliability.
there was significant heterogeneity among the included studies.
conclusions : the ams scale and the three subscales had fairly good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
future psychometric studies of the ams scale should report important characteristics of the participants , details of item scores , and test-retest reliability.
we studied the relationship of ah lesions to findings and outcomes in @number@ indication biopsies taken @number@ days to @number@ years after transplant.
prevalence of ah lesions increased with time of biopsy after transplant ( txbx ) .
neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue.
because of their high energy requirements , neurons are especially vulnerable to injury and death from dysfunctional mitochondria.
widespread damage to mitochondria causes cells to die because they can no longer produce enough energy.
several lines of pathological and physiological evidence reveal that impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics play crucial roles in aging and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
background : due to population aging , an increasing number of elderly patients with diabetes use insulin.
it is therefore important to investigate the characteristics of new insulins in this population.
faster-acting insulin aspart ( faster aspart ) is insulin aspart ( iasp ) in a new formulation with faster absorption.
this study investigated the pharmacological properties of faster aspart in elderly subjects with type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t1dm ) .
results : the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic time profiles were left-shifted for faster aspart versus iasp.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02003677.
two hundred sixty-six fnc samples from @number@ bc patients have been reviewed.
the target anatomical sites were @number@ breast including @number@ ipsilateral and @number@ contralateral breast lesions and @number@ extra-mammary nodules.
extra-mammary lesions included lymph nodes , thyroidal nodules , soft tissue lesions , ( subcutaneous and sub-scars ) , salivary glands and deep located masses.
diagnostic distribution of the breast lesions was as follows : @number@ positive , @number@ indeterminate / suspicious , @number@ negative and @number@ inadequate.
positive cases included @number@ ipsilateral and @number@ contralateral bc , @number@ bc in different quadrants from those of onset of the first bc.
sensitivity , specificity and accuracy have been @number@ @number@ and 90 & , respectively.
fnc , in a correct setting , is a reliable and effective method for the follow-up management of bc patients.
respiratory patterns of @number@ patients were grouped based on the combination of the regularity of amplitude , period , and baseline positions.
visual grading was done by inspecting the shape of diagram and classified into two states : regular and irregular.
a large body of evidence suggests that inflammation is closely associated with ad pathogenesis and may be a promising target pathway for such interventions.
however , little is known about the association between systemic inflammation and preclinical ad pathophysiology.
these findings were replicated in the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging ( adni ) study.
a2m gene and protein expression in the brain were significantly associated with gene and protein expression levels of calcineurin.
analyzing this trajectory is crucial for understanding biological and sociocultural processes that determine the span of life.
here we reveal a fundamental regularity.
our findings cast fresh light on primate evolution and human history , opening directions for research on inequality , sociality , and aging.
objective : ibs is a common gut disorder of uncertain pathogenesis.
among other factors , genetics and certain foods are proposed to contribute.
older studies examining acute urea infusion suggested that urea was well-tolerated at levels 8-10× above normal values.
urea induces apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as endothelial dysfunction , thus directly promoting cardiovascular disease.
further , urea stimulates oxidative stress and dysfunction in adipocytes , leading to insulin resistance.
carbamylation has been linked with renal fibrosis , atherosclerosis and anaemia.
in summary , urea is a re-emerging dark force in ckd pathophysiology.
trials examining low protein diet to minimize accumulation of urea and other toxins suggest a clinical benefit in terms of slowing progression of ckd.
background : the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals is heritable and associated with elevated risk of developing clinical coronary heart disease.
we sought to identify genetic variants in protein-coding regions associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease.
participants were genotyped for @number@ @number@ dna sequence variants ( @number@ @number@ in exons ) across the genome.
a meta-analysis of exome-wide association studies was performed across cohorts for cac and carotid intima-media thickness.
apoe ε2 represents the first significant association for multiple subclinical atherosclerosis traits across multiple ethnicities , as well as clinical coronary heart disease.
there is increasing evidence that essential tremor ( et ) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with nonmotor features including cognitive deficits and sleep problems.
we are unaware of a study that has examined sleep deficits in et across the full spectrum of cognitive presentations.
psqi scores did not significantly differ across the three et cognitive groups ( p = 0.22 ) .
we examined sleep dysfunction across the cognitive spectrum in et.
we demonstrate for the first time that excessive daytime sleepiness is greater in et-mci than et-nc.
the cytotoxicity of dna-protein crosslinks ( dpcs ) is largely ascribed to their ability to block the progression of dna replication.
here , we characterize sprtn as a specialized dna-dependent and dna replication-coupled metalloprotease for dpc repair.
sprtn cleaves various dna binding substrates during s-phase progression and thus protects proliferative cells from dpc toxicity.
we propose that sprtn protease represents a specialized dna replication-coupled dpc repair pathway essential for dna replication progression and genome stability.
defective sprtn-dependent clearance of dpcs is the molecular mechanism underlying rjals , and dpcs are contributing to accelerated aging and cancer.
covalent dna-protein crosslinks ( dpcs ) are toxic dna lesions that interfere with essential chromatin transactions , such as replication and transcription.
little was known about dpc-specific repair mechanisms until the recent identification of a dpc-processing protease in yeast.
the existence of a dpc protease in higher eukaryotes is inferred from data in xenopus laevis egg extracts , but its identity remains elusive.
here we identify the metalloprotease sprtn as the dpc protease acting in metazoans.
loss of sprtn results in failure to repair dpcs and hypersensitivity to dpc-inducing agents.
sprtn accomplishes dpc processing through a unique dna-induced protease activity , which is controlled by several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms.
our data also provide a molecular explanation on how sprtn deficiency causes the premature aging and cancer predisposition disorder ruijs-aalfs syndrome.
it offers a summary of key personal characteristics , providing perspective on an individual's life course.
there have been multiple attempts to measure frailty , some focusing on physiologic losses , others on specific diseases , disabilities or health deficits.
recently , multidimensional approaches to measuring frailty have included cognition , mood and social components.
methods : a secondary analysis design was used to develop the home care frailty scale.
the data set consisted of client level home care data from service agencies around the world.
the baseline sample included @number@ assessments while the 6-month follow-up sample of persons still being served by the home care agencies consisted of @number@ assessments.
multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data.
results : the resulting home care frailty scale consisted of a final set of @number@ items.
the items fall across @number@ categories of function , movement , cognition and communication , social life , nutrition , and clinical symptoms.
conclusions : the interrai home care frailty scale is based on a strong conceptual foundation and in our analysis , performed as expected.
strikingly , these effects were only in younger t carriers ( < 50 years ) , where aging quells the effects of these genetic factors.
this suggests gch1 variants affect early pd risk through altered dopamine uptake , and aging alters how genetic factors contribute to disease development.
future studies should investigate how aging modifies genotypes ' contributions on pd risk and sequelae.
perceptual-motor calibration has been described as a mapping between perception and action , which is relevant to distinguish possible from impossible opportunities for action.
a systematic search of seven databases was conducted to identify literature concerning changes in calibration in response to changes in action capabilities.
twenty-three papers satisfied the inclusion criteria.
calibration can take more time when the perceptual-motor information that is available is less relevant.
the current study identified a number of limitations in the field of perceptual-motor research.
blood-based biomarkers have significant advantages of being time- and cost-efficient as well as reduced invasiveness and increased patient acceptance.
here we reviewed the recent literature on blood-based biomarkers in ad to provide a current state of the art.
key resources are provided.
background : obesity is one of the major public health challenges worldwide.
it involves numerous endocrine disorders as etiological factors or as complications.
aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce abnormalities of the hpa axis.
thus , the question arises whether obesity is correlated with peripheral indicators of hpa function in adult populations.
data sources : @number@ records were identified through searching of pubmed , embase and cochrane library database.
altogether @number@ articles were suitable for analyses.
statistical methods : we used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the dersimonian and laird weighting methods.
i-squared indicator and q test were performed to assess heterogeneity.
meta-regression was applied to explore the effect of bmi and age on morning blood and urinary free cortisol levels.
to assess publication bias egger's test was used.
results : obesity did not show any correlation with the studied peripheral cortisol values.
on the other hand , peripheral cortisol levels declined with aging within the obese , but not in the non-obese groups.
there is clear and consistent evidence that regular physical activity is an important component of healthy lifestyles and fundamental to promoting health and preventing disease.
despite the known benefits of physical activity participation , many people in the united states remain inactive.
many health-related outcomes follow a pattern that is similar to physical activity participation.
in the @number@ survey , all responded except nicaragua , for which information was provided by national society presidents in adjacent countries.
results : the data from @number@ societies contained in panlar consist of @number@ adult and @number@ pediatric rheumatologists serving @number@ million people.
the number of training programs also varies widely , with some countries having no indigenous programs.
the distribution of rheumatologists is mainly in the large cities , particularly in the smaller countries.
pediatric rheumatologists have dramatically increased in number in @number@ but @percent@ reside in @number@ countries.
this remains an underserved area in most countries.
conclusions : the rheumatology workforce in the americas has improved between @number@ and @number@ especially in the number of pediatric rheumatologists.
acute lymphoblast leukemia ( all ) is characterized by overproduction of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow.
all is most common in the childhood and has high ( > 80% ) cure rate.
in contrast , acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) has far greater mortality rate than the all and is most commonly affecting older adults.
however , aml is a leading cause of childhood cancer mortality.
ltl ( t / s ratio ) was quantified by qpcr.
results showed that individuals with a higher level of depressive symptoms had shorter ltl.
our analyses revealed significantly larger gray matter volumes in females compared with males for ba @number@ and ba @number@ bilaterally.
however , there was a lack of significant sex differences in ba 44 / 45 asymmetry.
ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the united states.
it is known that males and females respond differently to stroke.
depending on age , the incidence , prevalence , mortality rate , and disability outcome of stroke differ between the sexes.
females generally have strokes at older ages than males and , therefore , have a worse stroke outcome.
there are also major differences in how the sexes respond to stroke at the cellular level.
immune response is a critical factor in determining the progress of neurodegeneration after stroke and is fundamentally different for males and females.
this mini-review examines sex differences in the immune response to experimental stroke and its implications for therapy development. © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
a better understanding of how such stress affects the body and mind could contribute to the development of more effective clinical interventions and prevention practices.
a comparable alternative task may expand options for examining acute stress in a controlled laboratory setting.
the i-ssst is similar to the tsst but with a new twist : public singing.
results indicated that men and women reported similarly high levels of subjective stress in response to both tasks.
however , men and women demonstrated different cortisol responses ; men showed a robust response to both tasks , and women displayed a lesser response.
furthermore , this nascent examination of the i-ssst suggests a possible alternative for inducing stress in the laboratory. © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the factors underlying the sex differences in ad are not well understood.
this review emphasizes the contributions of sex steroid hormones to the relationship between sex and ad.
in men , estrogens do not exhibit age-related reduction and are not significantly associated with ad risk.
rather , normal age-related depletions of testosterone in plasma and brain predict enhanced vulnerability to ad.
aging diminishes the activational effects of sex hormones in sex-specific manners , which is hypothesized to contribute to the relationship between aging and ad.
sex steroid hormones may also drive sex differences in ad through their organizational effects during developmental sexual differentiation of the brain.
specifically , sex hormone actions during early development may confer inherent vulnerability of the female brain to development of ad in advanced age.
brain imaging techniques have advanced rapidly in recent years , yielding detailed structural and functional maps of the living brain.
we also describe sex-related findings from the enigma consortium , and ongoing efforts to better understand sex differences in brain circuitry. © @number@ the authors.
journal of neuroscience research published by wiley periodicals , inc.
the male preponderance in autism prevalence has brought together the disparate topics of sex / gender and autism research.
two directions of neuroimaging studies on the relationships between sex / gender and autism may inform male-specific risk mechanisms and female-specific protective mechanisms of autism.
first , we review how sex / gender moderates autism-related brain changes and how this informs general models of autism etiology.
better-powered human neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain characteristics of autism are qualitatively , rather than simply quantitatively , different between males and females.
however , age and comorbidities might substantially moderate the pattern of differences.
future animal work needs to investigate sex differences in rodent mutants modeling autism-relevant genes and environmental exposures.
combining animal and human work links up the causal chain from etiological factors , brain and physical development , to phenotypes.
these together help delineate the different roles of sex and gender in relation to risk vs. protective mechanisms. © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
during the course of serious discussion , an unexpected interruption may induce forgetting of the original topic of a conversation.
sex , age , and sex hormone levels may affect frequency and extension of forgetting.
in a list-method directed forgetting paradigm , subjects have to learn two word lists.
after learning list @number@ subjects receive either a forget or a remember list @number@ cue.
however , forget-cued postmenopausal women showed reduced list @number@ forgetting but enhanced list @number@ retention.
remember-cued naturally cycling women recalled more list @number@ items than oral contraceptive users , young men , and postmenopausal women.
in forget-cued follicular women , salivary progesterone correlated positively with recalled list @number@ items.
salivary 17β-estradiol did not correlate with recalled list @number@ or list @number@ items in either remember- or forget-cued young women.
however , salivary 17β-estradiol correlated with item recall in remember-cued postmenopausal women.
objectives : to determine the relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics , life-space mobility , and incident falls in community-dwelling older adults.
design : prospective , observational cohort study with a baseline in-home assessment and 6-month telephone follow-up.
setting : central alabama.
participants : community-dwelling adults aged @number@ and older recruited from a random sample of medicare beneficiaries ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a composite index derived from baseline neighborhood-level residential census tract socioeconomic variables.
each 10-point decrement in life-space ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.0-1.3 ) was associated with a higher risk of falls.
conclusion : greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with greater risk of falls.
life-space also contributes separately to fall risk.
neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics should also be an important consideration when identifying vulnerable populations that may benefit the most from fall prevention programs.
analysis of @number@ cancer genomes uncovered several pan-cancer candidate genes , including irs4 , smarca1 and tert.
we demonstrate that irs4 overexpression in lung cancer is associated with recurrent deletions in cis , and we present evidence supporting a tumor-promoting role.
we additionally pursued cancer-type-specific analyses and uncovered igf2 as a target for enhancer hijacking in colorectal cancer.
our framework enables systematic inference of cre rearrangements mediating dysregulation in cancer.
the aal technologies are designed to meet the needs of the aging population in order to maintain their independence as long as possible.
advances in networking , sensors , and embedded devices have made it possible to monitor and provide assistance to people in their homes.
indoor environments are characterized by several pollutant sources.
five smaller scale sensors of natural parameters ( air temperature , moistness , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , and glow ) were utilized.
different sensors can be included to check for particular contamination.
the results reveal that the system can give a viable indoor air quality appraisal in order to anticipate technical interventions for improving indoor air quality.
indeed indoor air quality might be distinctively contrasted with what is normal for a quality living environment.
in most modern societies , the relationship that many individuals have with food has fundamentally changed from previous generations.
people have shifted away from viewing food as primarily sustenance , and rather now seek out foods based on pure palatability or specific nutrition.
however , it is far from clear what optimal nutrition is for the general population or specific individuals.
for each dimension also influencing factors , effective interventions and knowledge gaps were inventoried.
after a consensus meeting , the operationalizations of the dimensions were reviewed by the european working group of people with dementia ( ewgpwd ) .
recommendations are made for research and practice.
involving them in sdm is an important way of promoting social health.
however , including families and dementia residents in decision-making can be challenging for care staff working in nursing homes.
methods : focus group interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals who , after being trained , applied the sdm framework.
content analysis was used to analyze the data.
we found @number@ themes and @number@ categories.
within these themes , facilitators and barriers were identified.
family attitudes towards sdm could be both.
the main difference between countries concerned the residents ' cognitive status that influenced their degree of involvement.
aging with hiv poses unique and complex challenges , including avoidance of neurocognitive disorder.
our objective here is to identify the prevalence and predictors of successful cognitive aging ( sca ) in a sample of older adults with hiv.
one hundred three hiv-infected individuals aged @number@ and older were recruited from the modena hiv metabolic clinic in italy.
participants were treated with combination antiretroviral therapy for at least @number@ year and had suppressed plasma hiv viral load.
a frailty index was calculated as the number of deficits present out of @number@ health variables.
sca was identified in @percent@ of participants.
frailty is associated with the likelihood of sca in people living with hiv.
this defines an opportunity to apply knowledge from geriatric population research to people aging with hiv to better appreciate the complexity of their health status.
these profiles were compared with regard to quality of life ( carerqol score ) , depressive symptoms ( hads-d score ) and perseverance time.
conclusion : differences exist between types of caregivers that explain variability in quality of life , depressive symptoms and perseverance time.
our findings may give direction for tailored interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia , which may improve social health and reduce health care costs.
design : a cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study of older adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
setting : rotman research institute , baycrest health sciences.
participants : thirty older adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
a composite index of cardiovascular risk , the framingham general cardiovascular risk profile , showed no associations with task performance or task-related dmn suppression.
these findings were independent of white matter burden and cerebrovascular reactivity and thus cannot be accounted for by individual differences in neurovascular health.
the relations between the framingham general cardiovascular risk profile , cognitive task performance , and dmn function require further study.
objectives : to determine the cross-sectional association between cerebral amyloid-beta ( aβ ) deposition and gait.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : population-based cohort study in olmsted county , mn.
participants with a history of stroke , alcoholism , parkinson's disease , subdural hematoma , traumatic brain injury , or normal pressure hydrocephalus were excluded.
in sex-stratified analyses , the association between higher pib-pet suvr across all rois and measures of gait was only present among women.
longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether aβ predicts gait decline in both women and men.
conclusions : our analysis suggest that obesity is strongly correlated with temporary employment.
maybe the way out this pathway to obesity in the future might be working better , choosing organizational flexibility rather than fixed term.
int j occup med environ health @number@ ; 29 ( @number@ ) : 903-914.
the integrity of these neural regions are affected in aging and neurodegenerative conditions.
two specific predictions follow from these neuroanatomical arrangements-namely , that olfaction would be associated with value-based decision making and with emotional memory.
the participants completed detailed tests of olfaction , value-based decision making , emotional memory , and general cognitive ability.
results : olfactory functioning was significantly associated with emotional and nonemotional memory.
the association was especially strong and consistent for memory recall with olfaction , explaining as much as @percent@ additional variance over and above general cognition.
olfactory functioning was not strongly or consistently associated with decision making over and above general cognition.
conclusion : olfaction is a strong predictor of memory recall.
these findings may contribute to a better understanding of olfaction and specific cognitive domains known to be affected by aging and implicated in neurodegenerative disease.
the purpose of the current study was to validate the proposed latent structure of the acs psychometric battery.
measurement invariance was investigated as a function of family history of ad and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) status.
results : this study confirmed a priori hypotheses of @number@ latent cognitive domains in a unique longitudinal sample of cognitively normal adults.
in addition , there was evidence of a similar factor structure for family history and apoe status groups.
during this period , participation increased in women and men.
women and men improved race times across years in all age groups.
women were slower in age groups 25-29 to 70-74 years.
in age groups 75-79 and 85-89 years , however , race times were similar for both women and men.
sex difference in performance remained unchanged across years.
for athletes and coaches , an increase in participation and a continuous improvement in performance can be expected in these age group athletes.
patients with cavd need to cope with a deteriorating quality of life and valve replacement is the only effective clinical option for the patients.
therefore , early pharmacotherapy is of great significance in prevention or slow-down of the progression of cavd.
histopathologic studies have revealed that inflammation , disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and dyslipidemia are involved in the process of cavd.
clinical trials of cavd pharmacotherapy have been carried out based on those histopathologic studies.
statin , renin-angiotensin inhibitors and anti-osteoporosis drug are well studied in recent years.
this article reviews the recent research progress of the pharmacotherapy for cavd.
the probability of finding disease modifiers is enhanced in individuals with extreme hd phenotypes.
retrospective data were available from @number@ healthy controls and @number@ hd participants with cag repeats ≥40 , and a total of about @number@ visits.
more than @percent@ of hd participants had an extreme tms phenotype for at least one visit.
in contrast , only about @percent@ of participants were consistent tms extremes at two or more visits.
data from healthy controls revealed an upper cut-off of @number@ for the tms representing the extreme of motor ratings for a normal aging population.
in hd , boundaries of motor age-at-onset based on diagnostic confidence or derived from the tms data cut-off in controls were similar.
objective : to explore the relationship between resilience and rehabilitation outcomes in older orthopaedic patients.
methods : geriatric rehabilitation patients admitted to a general metropolitan hospital following a fracture were interviewed face-to-face.
results : a total of @number@ patient interviews were used in data analysis.
resilience scores varied from 49-92 , with an average of @number@ representing overall high resilience compared to general population samples.
resilience scores as measured by the cd-risc did not correlate with functional improvements during rehabilitation postfracture.
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection is one of the main causes of hcc.
in particular , the presence of pre-s2 deletion mutants is an important risk factor associated with cirrhosis and hcc.
striking degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) was present in the mouse livers at an early stage ( @number@ months old ) .
together , these ultrastructural aberrations and metabolic disturbance all seem to contribute to the molecular pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis present in the alb-preδs2 mice.
these findings may contribute to the development of therapies for the liver disorders and hcc associated with pre-s2 deletion mutations among hbv carriers.
copyright © @number@ pathological society of great britain and ireland.
published by john wiley & sons , ltd.
there is a paucity of research available on the effect of mindfulness on cognitive function.
we found that the results from the pilot study were suggestive but inconclusive , and thus , merit further investigation.
the current study investigates cognitive processes as reflected in late auditory-evoked potentials as a function of longitudinal auditory learning.
this suggests that future studies should focus on the potential benefits of cognitive processes in auditory training.
embryonic stem cells ( escs ) are fast proliferating cells capable of differentiating into all somatic cell types.
in somatic cells , it is well documented that p53 is rapidly activated upon dna damage to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis.
in mouse escs , p53 can also be functionally activated , but the precise biological consequences are not well characterized.
neither p53 nor its target gene p73 was required for g2 / m arrest.
instead , p53 and p73 were fully responsible for apoptosis. p53 and p73 were also required for differentiation-induced apoptosis in mouse escs.
in addition , doxorubicin treatment induced the expression of retinoblastoma protein in a p53-dependent manner.
therefore , both p53 and p73 are critical in apoptosis induced by dna damage and differentiation.
uhs is characterized by dry , frizzy , spangly , and often fair hair that is resistant to being combed flat.
until now , both simplex and familial uhs-affected case subjects with autosomal-dominant as well as -recessive inheritance have been reported.
however , none of these case subjects were linked to a molecular genetic cause.
scanning electron microscopy observations revealed morphological alterations in hair coat of padi3 knockout mice.
all together , these findings elucidate the molecular genetic causes of uhs and shed light on its pathophysiology and hair physiology in general.
are they so different compared to teenagers ?
do they have their own specificities ?
thus , we will be able to study more accurately the experience of young adults facing cancer and the associated psychological side effects.
based on this analysis , we will present the issues which seemed to be specific in the psychological support of young adults and their relatives.
accumulating evidence indicates many brain functions are mediated by epigenetic regulation of neural genes , and their dysregulations result in neuronal disorders.
animal models , brain samples from patients , and the development of diverse analytical methods have broadened our understanding of epigenetic regulation in the brain.
diverse and specific epigenetic changes are suggested to correlate with neuronal development , learning and memory , aging and age-related neuronal diseases.
[ bmb reports @number@ 49 ( @number@ ) : 671-680 ] .
accumulation of tissue macrophages is a significant characteristic of disease-associated chronic inflammation , and facilitates the progression of disease pathology.
however , the functional roles of these bone marrow-derived macrophages ( bmdms ) in aging are unclear.
we found that age-related dysregulation of bmdms is associated with abnormal overexpression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10.
bmdm dysregulation in aging impairs the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in b-cell maturation and activation.
therefore , cd14 may represent a promising target for preventing bmdm dysregulation , and macrophage accumulation may provide diagnostic and therapeutic clues.
[ bmb reports @number@ 50 ( @number@ ) : 43-48 ] .
dha is a key nutritional n-3 pufa and needs to be supplied by the human diet.
dha is found in significant amounts in the retinal and neuronal cell membranes due to its high fluidity.
indeed , dha is selectively concentrated in the synaptic and retinal membranes.
dha is deemed to display anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of cvd.
consumption of larger amounts of dha appears to reduce the risk of depression , bipolar disorder , schizophrenia and mood disorders.
a reduced level of dha is associated with cognitive decline during ageing.
different mechanisms for this fundamental dha role have been put forward.
namely , neuroprotectin d1 , a dha derivative , may support brain cell survival and repair through neurotrophic , anti-apoptotic , and anti-inflammatory signalling.
utility scores were calculated using uk time trade-off utility weights.
covariates included age and socioeconomic status.
progressive accumulation of alzheimer's disease-related pathology is associated with cognitive dysfunction.
differences in cognitive reserve may contribute to individual differences in cognitive function in the presence of comparable neuropathology.
the protective effects of cognitive reserve could contribute differentially in early versus late stages of the disease.
each complexin appeared to be dysregulated at a different braak stage.
inhibitory complexin-i explained @percent@ of the variance in global cognition in braak @date@ , while excitatory complexin-ii explained @percent@ of the variance in braak v-vi.
moreover , complexin levels showed distinct patterns of change related to memory challenges in a rat model , supporting the functional specificity of these proteins.
bibliographies of publications identified were also reviewed.
data synthesis : three of the @number@ studies demonstrated a treatment interaction between arms2 and cfh genotypes and a differential response to supplements.
the fourth study documented an interaction for the cfh genotype only.
reported response interactions included attenuated response , no response , and good response , whereas a subset showed increased progression of amd.
conversely , one study reported no interactions between cfh and arms2 risk alleles and response to supplements.
conclusions : the weight of the evidence supports using genetic testing to guide selection of ocular vitamin use.
this study aims to determine both independent and combined effect of pigd and fof to falls in older adults without dementia.
results : one hundred sixty-nine participants ( @percent@ ) had an incident fall over a mean follow-up of @number@.1±12.2months.
pigd was present in @percent@ and fof in @percent@ of the participants.
cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy is a growing problem.
in recent years , an increasing number of new drugs with targeted action have been designed.
these molecules , such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors , can cause different type of toxicities compared to traditional chemotherapy.
however , they can also cause cardiac complications such as heart failure , arterial hypertension , qt interval prolongation and arrhythmias.
background : depression in late life is an important public health problem in developing countries.
it is timely to investigate stability and transition patterns of depressive symptom subtypes.
methods : longitudinal data were used from the china health and retirement longitudinal study ( charls ) .
a total of @number@ women and @number@ men aged 60-96 years were recruited.
limitations : the limitations of the present study were inherent limitation in the lta model and some small proportion of transitions.
conclusions : this study demonstrated a transition pattern in older adult depression within a person-centered approach.
differential treatment effects were found across baseline depression class , suggesting the benefit for tailored intervention programs to improve depression outcomes among older adults.
results : asm alternative splicing events occurred significantly less frequently in mdd patients compared to healthy subjects.
this effect was more pronounced when healthy male volunteers were treated with the fiasmas fluoxetine or paroxetine , in contrast to a placebo group.
limitations : patients were treated with different antidepressant drugs , depending on individual parameters and disease courses.
the key lipid-lowering target is to achieve guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) levels , usually by using statins.
however , concerns about possible adverse effects , including neurocognitive disorders , were issued by the food and drug administration ( fda ) .
the current disputable evidence does not allow definite conclusions as to whether statins contribute to , or cause , clinically meaningful cognitive impairment.
some evidence indicates a high rate of memory loss , while other evidence suggests a benefit in dementia prevention.
this debate should not discourage appropriate statin and other lipid-lowering drug administration.
however , prescribers should be aware of such potential drug-related side effects.
prospective controlled studies comparing the short- and long-term effects of different statins on cognitive function are warranted.
the effects of intensive ldl-c lowering on neurocognition might be attributed to an off-target effect.
it is also possible that pre-existing pathology and vascular risk may already be present outweighing any effect related to lipids.
gender , genetic , ldl-c-related genotypes and aging-related changes should also be considered.
future research on lipid-lowering drugs and cognition is needed ; careful study design and analysis will be critical.
by using a co-culture system of keratinocytes / sebocytes , we found that cs exposure induced a srb1 protein loss without affecting sebocytes viability.
the decrease of srb1 levels was a consequence of srb1 / hne adducts formation that leads to srb1 ubiquitination and degradation.
moreover , the cs-induced loss of srb1 induced an alteration of sebocytes lipid content , also demonstrated by cholesterol quantification in srb1 sirna experiments.
in conclusion , exposure to cs , induced srb1 post-translational modifications in sebocytes and this might affect sebocytes / skin functionality.
white matter ( wm ) occupies a large volume of the human cerebrum and is mainly composed of myelinated axons and myelin-producing glial cells.
the myelinated axons within wm are the structural foundation for efficient neurotransmission between cortical and subcortical areas.
similar to neuron-enriched gray matter areas , wm undergoes a series of changes during the process of aging.
wm malfunction can induce serious neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments.
thus , age-related changes in wm may contribute to the functional decline observed in the elderly.
in addition , aged wm becomes more susceptible to neurological disorders , such as stroke , traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , and neurodegeneration.
in this review , we summarize the structural and functional alterations of wm in natural aging and speculate on the underlying mechanisms.
background : health disparities begin early in life and persist across the life course.
despite current efforts , black women exhibit greater risk for pregnancy complications and negative perinatal outcomes compared with white women.
the placenta , which is a complex multi-tissue organ , serves as the primary transducer of bidirectional information between the mother and fetus.
cellular senescence and telomere dynamics are linked to the molecular mechanisms that are associated with the onset of labor and parturition.
further , racial differences in telomere length are found in a range of different peripheral tissues.
objective : this study examined whether telomere length measured in @number@ distinct fetally derived tissues were significantly different between black and white women.
telomere length was determined with the use of monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in each placental tissue.
demographic and pregnancy-related data were also collected.
descriptive statistics characterized the sample overall and among black and white women separately.
the overall impact of race was assessed by multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models that included empirically relevant covariates.
results : telomere length was correlated significantly across all placental tissues.
controlling for relevant maternal and infant characteristics strengthened the significance of the observed racial differences ( β = -0.12 ; p = .02 ) .
conclusion : these findings provide the first evidence of racial differences in placental telomere length.
telomere length was significantly shorter in placental samples from black mothers compared with white mothers.
our results suggest that racial differences in cellular aging in the placenta contribute to the earliest roots of health disparities.
previous findings indicate age-related differences in frontal-amygdala connectivity during emotional processing.
however , direct evidence for age differences in brain functional activation and connectivity during emotional processing and concomitant behavioral implications is lacking.
participants completed an emotional wm task in which they were asked to attend to emotional targets and ignore irrelevant distractors.
despite an overall reduction in accuracy for older relative to younger adults , no behavioral age effect was observed as a function of emotional valence.
older adults , on the other hand , engaged two distinct networks for encoding of positive and negative targets.
the engagement of amygdala functional network also contributed to higher memory performance and faster response times in older adults.
objective : precise data are lacking concerning laparoscopic sacropexy in the elderly population.
study design : retrospective review of data on patients who underwent laparoscopic sacropexy in two tertiary centers.
peri- and postoperative complications were recorded and described using the iuga classification.
results : among the @number@ women studied , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were aged @number@ or more.
no laparotomy conversion was required in either group.
conclusions : our findings suggest that laparoscopic sacropexy is a valid option in elderly women presenting with genital prolapse.
we describe the diagnoses , clinical characteristics , and outcomes of patients who were elderly at the time of ild diagnosis.
methods : among subjects from a prospective cohort study of ild , elderly was defined as age ≥ @number@ years.
diagnoses were derived from a multidisciplinary review.
differences between elderly and nonelderly groups were determined using the χ results : of the @number@ subjects enrolled , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were elderly.
the majority of elderly subjects were white men.
most elderly subjects ( @percent@ ) with unclassifiable ild had an imaging pattern inconsistent with usual interstitial pneumonia ( uip ) .
conclusions : although ipf was the single most common diagnosis , the majority of elderly subjects had non-ipf ild.
our findings highlight the need for every patient with new-onset ild , regardless of age , to be surveyed for exposures and findings of ctd.
unclassifiable ild was common among the elderly , but for most , the radiographic pattern was inconsistent with uip.
previous studies yielded evidence for an interaction between age and valence in numerous cognitive processes.
but , to date , no research has been conducted in the field of motor skills.
in this study , we examined the age-related differences in the organization of an emotionally goal-directed locomotion task.
kinematic and ground reaction forces were recorded.
the main findings indicated that older adults ' response times ( rts ) did not differ across the valence picture.
slingshot-1 ( ssh1 ) is a protein phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates and activates cofilin , an f-actin-severing protein.
ssh1 binds to and co-localizes with f-actin , and the cofilin-phosphatase activity of ssh1 is markedly increased by binding to f-actin.
ssh1 also contains a dek-c domain in the n-terminal region.
furthermore , mutation at arg-96 abrogated the cofilin-phosphatase activity of ssh1 in the presence of f-actin.
these results suggest that the n-terminal ph-like domain plays a critical role in f-actin binding and f-actin-mediated activation of the cofilin-phosphatase activity of ssh1.
shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis.
in addition , nutrient restriction is implicated in decreasing cancer initiation and progression.
given the phenotypic changes associated with nutrient restriction , we hypothesized significant protein expression alterations must be associated with caloric restriction.
to compare the molecular and phenotypic changes caused by glucose restriction and fetal bovine serum restriction there is need for an efficient model system.
flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and autophagy levels in the spheroids under nutrient restriction.
isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine differential protein abundances between the nutrient restriction conditions.
we identified specific proteins that have implications in cancer progression and metastasis that are differentially regulated by restriction of either glucose or serum.
the results indicate nutrient restriction causes lower apoptotic and higher autophagy rates in hct @number@ spheroids.
in addition , proteins shown to be differentially regulated by both glucose and serum restriction were similarly regulated.
the possible role of brain natriuretic peptide in the pathophysiology of accelerated malignant hypertension was discussed and a review of the literature was completed.
osteoporosis and overweight / obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens.
aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion , lean mass and bone mass , and an increase in fat accumulation.
nowadays , it is well established that ot plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism.
of note , ot and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity.
in this review , we will discuss findings regarding the ot effects on bone and fat mass.
aim : to describe a research protocol designed to promote nutritional self-care in older people.
method : sequential explanatory mixed method design.
the study will enroll @number@ people aged @number@ years and over.
using the quantitative study results , the qualitative study phase will be conducted by interviews in sub-groups of older people.
in a third phase , the quantitative and qualitative study results will be integrated.
quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data will be analyzed through content analysis.
results : the study will provide new knowledge on nutritional self-care in home-dwelling older adults and the factors promoting nutritional self-care.
conclusions : nutritional self-care promotion is of pivotal importance for the nursing care provided to home-dwelling older people.
educational programs aimed at the maintenance of proper nutrition in the older adults may reduce malnutrition and the related diseases.
nutrition educational programs should be based on knowledge derived from research to tailor individualized nutritional interventions and to realize effective educational programs.
less is known about the utility of this approach in populations at different latitudes , and whether it relates to skin cancer risk.
odds ratios ( or ) for scc associated with degree of photoaging were estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusted for potentially confounding factors.
limitations : there was limited statistical power , particularly for subgroup analyses.
conclusion : our findings provide further evidence of microtopography as an independent , objective indicator of risk of scc.
methods : a total of @number@ female participants were invited to rate how much they liked four different cosmetic creams applied to their forearms.
the creams were based on the same base formula but differed with respect to the texture.
first of all , the participants were tested for their tactile sensitivity and perception.
furthermore , the participants rated the creams with respect to the acceptance , the subjective skin feeling after application and performed paired-comparison tests.
analyses of variance and regression analyses were applied to the data.
results : in general , participants liked quasi-rich creams less than quasi-light creams.
in contrast , this subjective skin feeling after application in participants at age @number@ and older did not differ much.
conclusion : age and tactile perceptual abilities have additive effects on the acceptance of creams with different textures when applied to the forearm.
nasopharyngeal cancer ( npc ) incidence varies widely across geographic regions and ethnic groups.
we conducted a large-scale migrant cohort study to assess origin and migrant generation as predictors of npc , controlling for possible confounders.
cox proportional hazards were used to model time to event.
during @number@ million person-years of follow-up , @number@ incident cases were identified.
with goal-directed treatment , a treatment goal would first be established and choice of treatment determined by the probability of achieving that goal.
using these data , a decision would be made to stop , continue , or change therapy.
some of these approaches can now be applied to clinical practice.
age is a major determinant of ms progression onset and disability.
several lines of evidence suggest that an interaction between ms and svd may influence ms-related neurodegeneration.
therapeutic agents targeting the microvasculature and the neurovascular unit may impact both svd and ms and may benefit patients with dual pathology.
an account of work performed at the una laboratories since @number@ on the detection and description of interlaminar glial processes , is presented.
the term interlaminar was coined to differentiate these processes from the classical astroglial stellate , intralaminar ones.
such account grew to the point of inspiring , on speculative grounds , possible roles in the organization of the cerebral cortex.
their ontogenetic development , phylogenetic evolution and aging changes are described.
older adults living with hiv ( oalwh ) comprise a growing population with a range of complex and interconnecting medical and psychosocial needs.
in both bivariate and multivariable contexts , the number of comorbid conditions was associated with reduced quality of life.
depression and substance use were also negatively associated with quality of life.
chd and its risk factors ( lifestyle-related risk factors , diabetes , hypertension and cholesterol ) were assessed at baseline.
group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify clusters of individuals with a similar pattern of psychological distress over time.
conclusion : chd , smoking and obesity may have a role in the development of long-lasting psychological distress from midlife to old age.
maintaining functional protein homeostasis ( proteostasis ) is a constant challenge in the face of limited protein-folding capacity , environmental threats , and aging.
proteostasis collapse can lead to the development of diseases known as proteinopathies.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) has become an important tool in the early detection of age-related and neuropathological brain changes.
for instance , variability in cortical md may reflect morphological variability more commonly measured by cortical thickness.
differences among individuals in cortical md may also arise from breakdowns in myelinated fibers running through the cortical mantle.
data from the 1999-2002 nhanes were used ( n = 2 , 097 ; 60 + yrs ) , with mortality follow-up through @number@
cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test ( dsst ) .
further , @number@ groups were created based on cvd risk and cognitive function.
an inverse relationship was observed where those with more cvd risk factors had a lower ( worse ) cognitive function score.
compared to those in group @number@ only those in group @number@ and @number@ had an increase mortality risk.
none : the elderly population is increasing worldwide , associated with an increase in diseases related to aging , such as hip fractures.
these patients are sometimes treated with clopidogrel.
systematic review of the literature : level of evidence iv.
cognitive control , the ability to limit attention to goal-relevant information , aids performance on a wide range of laboratory tasks.
however , there are many day-to-day functions which require little to no control and others which even benefit from reduced control.
we review behavioral and neuroimaging evidence demonstrating that reduced control can enhance the performance of both older and , under some circumstances , younger adults.
cognitive control is thus a double-edged sword - aiding performance on some tasks when fully engaged , and many others when less engaged.
aims : the sporadic and late-onset form of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) constitutes the most common form of dementia.
this work demonstrates the development of a significant ad-like neuropathology due to these metabolic alterations.
the analyses were carried out in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus using a thioflavin-s stain and immunofluorescence assays.
results : the most significant finding of the present research was that hfd induced the deposition of the βa peptide.
in addition , the results show that there were also dysregulations in normal autophagy and apoptosis , mechanisms related to βa formation.
caveolin-3 is a muscle-specific membrane protein that localizes to the sarcolemma and t-tubule system.
caveolin-3 is needed for muscle repair and skeletal muscle development.
the objective of this study was to compare caveolin-3 expression in myasthenia gravis ( mg ) and control muscles.
caveolin-3 was abnormally expressed in the mg muscle membrane , with partial loss of expression and overexpression in @date@ and @date@ patients , respectively.
methylthioninium chloride has previously shown potential efficacy as monotherapy in patients with alzheimer's disease.
we aimed to determine whether lmtm was safe and effective in modifying disease progression in patients with mild to moderate alzheimer's disease.
participants , their study partners ( generally carers ) , and all assessors were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study.
this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( nct01689246 ) and the european union clinical trials registry ( 2012-002866-11 ) .
gastrointestinal and urinary effects were the most common adverse events with both high doses of lmtm , and the most common causes for discontinuation.
non-clinically significant dose-dependent reductions in haemoglobin concentrations were the most common laboratory abnormality.
amyloid-related imaging abnormalities were noted in less than @percent@ ( 8 / 885 ) of participants.
findings from a recently completed 18-month trial of patients with mild alzheimer's disease will be reported soon.
funding : taurx therapeutics.
background : mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 ) contribute to both familial and idiopathic forms of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
neuroinflammation is a key event in neurodegeneration and aging , and there is mounting evidence of lrrk2 involvement in inflammatory pathways.
conclusions : altogether , our results show that lrrk2 mutations affect α-synuclein regulation and impair nf-κb canonical signaling in ipsc-derived neurons.
tnfα modulated α-synuclein proteostasis but was not modified by the lrrk2 mutations in this paradigm.
these results strengthen the link between lrrk2 and the innate immunity system underscoring the involvement of inflammatory pathways in the neurodegenerative process in pd.
background : prognostic value of immune cells is not clear in testicular germ cell tumors ( tgcts ) .
we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in tgcts.
methods : a total of @number@ patients who underwent orchiectomy for tgct were investigated for cd66b positive tumor-infiltrating neutrophils ( cd66b + tins ) .
immmunostaining for cd66b was performed in @number@ sections as described.
clinicopathological parameters as well as cancer specific survival and overall survival were assessed for correlation with cd66b + tin density.
it was also significantly associated with cancer-specific and overall survival ( logrank p = @number@ and p = @number@ respectively ) .
multivariate analysis showed that increased cd66b + tin was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : increased cd66b + tin was significantly associated with presence of metastasis , s stage , and nonseminomatous germ cell tumor diagnosis.
it was also an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with tgct.
background : fatigue is reported as one of the most disabling symptoms and is common among persons living with late effects of polio.
therefore , the aim of this study was to explore possible factors associated with fatigue among persons with late effects of polio in sweden.
methods : this retrospective registry study consisted of @number@ persons with late effects of polio living in sweden.
fatigue was measured with the multidimensional fatigue inventory ( mfi-20 ) scale , swedish version.
conclusions : fatigue could partly be explained by the extent of using mobility assistive devices and age.
healthcare professionals should provide and demonstrate the importance of assistive devices to ensure management of fatigue in persons living with late effects of polio.
purpose : this study evaluated the effect of ltd on four types of zirconia dental implants at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years of artificial aging.
the impact of aging on t-m transformation and micro crack formation was measured.
at @number@ hours , micro cracks remained shallow ( @number@ µm ) .
at @number@ hours , type b implant presented micro cracks ( @number@ µm ) and grain transformation ( @number@ µm ) .
at @number@ hours , these features remained superficial at @number@ and @number@ µm , respectively.
type c implant presented surface micro cracks of @number@ µm at @number@ hours.
the depth of t-m transformation slightly increased to @number@ µm.
at @number@ hours , number of micro cracks increased at the surface to an average depth of @number@ µm.
depth of t-m transformation increased to an average of @number@ µm.
at @number@ hours , micro cracks remained superficial ( @number@ µm ) for type d implant and depth of t-m transformation increased to @number@ µm.
conclusion : depth of grain transformation remained within 1-4 µm from the surface.
the effect of aging was minimal for all zirconia implants.
we describe the development of australia's first age-specific early intervention protocol.
methods : through examining effective overseas older adult-specific interventions , in addition to other relevant literature , an early intervention protocol was developed.
conclusion : the owl protocol has been successfully implemented in a service , and preliminary data warrant a clinical trial of the intervention.
australian health-care providers should consider the owl protocol as a simple method to reduce the risk from alcohol consumption among older adults.
the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy for effectiveness of type a botulinum toxin intradermal injection for facial rejuvenation.
forty female subjects were randomly divided into two groups : bonta group and control group.
subjects receiving one session of treatment and evaluations were conducted at baseline , four weeks , and twelve weeks after treatment.
no significant difference was found among erythema and melanin index at baseline , four , and twelve weeks after treatment among the two major groups.
in conclusion , intradermal bonta injection can be considered as an effective method for facial rejuvenation.
background and purpose : proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) are indicators of renal function.
whether proteinuria better predicts outcome than egfr in stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis ( ivt ) remains to be determined.
patients with coexistent proteinuria and reduced egfr were at the highest risk of poor outcome and death.
changes in microglia function are involved in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) for which ageing is the major risk factor.
microglial cell processes were reduced in length , showed less branching and reduced arborized area with aging ( case range 52-98 years ) .
this occurred during normal ageing and without microglia dystrophy or changes in cell density.
there was a larger reduction in process length and arborized area in ad compared to aged-matched control microglia.
in ad cases , on average , 49%-64% of microglia had discontinuous and / or punctate iba1 labeled processes instead of continuous iba1 distribution.
up to @percent@ of aged-matched control microglia displayed discontinuous or punctate features.
there was no change in the density of microglial cell bodies in gray matter during ageing or ad.
this demonstrates that human microglia show progressive cell process retraction without cell loss during ageing.
additional changes in microglia occur with ad including iba1 protein puncta and discontinuity.
we suggest that reduced microglial arborized area may be an aging-related correlate of ad in humans.
because of the many extant and highly discrepant segmentation protocols , comparing results across studies is difficult.
in this commentary we discuss the goals for this protocol and the associated key challenges involved in its development.
the commentary outlines these key challenges , as well as the proposed solution of each , with concrete examples from our working plan.
reson.
imaging @number@ ; 46 : 61-70.
they underwent comprehensive mri examination at @number@.0t.
lv / rv morphology and function were evaluated by steady-state free-procession ( ssfp ) sequence.
parameters were analyzed according to a standard postprocessing protocol.
lvef was lower in males than in females ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ respectively ) .
conclusion : these data suggest that sex and age affect ventricular parameters in healthy han chinese subjects without cardiovascular disease or risk factors.
level of evidence : @number@ technical efficacy : stage @number@ j. magn.
reson.
imaging @number@ ; 45 : 1684-1692.
until now , little is known about microglia biology in humans in part due to the lack of microglia-specific markers.
many studies have provided evidence that il-3 plays an important role in cell survival.
our results suggest a molecular mechanism that involves signaling pathways mediated by pi-3k / akt and erk.
altogether , these findings show an important role for il-3 in supporting the viability of non-hematopoietic systems.
j. cell.
biochem.
118 : 1330-1340 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
background : disinfectant use among healthcare workers has been associated with respiratory disorders , especially asthma.
we aimed to describe disinfectants used by u.s. nurses , and to investigate qualitative and quantitative differences according to workplace characteristics and region.
methods : disinfectant use was assessed by questionnaire in @number@ nurses.
hospital characteristics were obtained from the american hospital association database.
spray use was lower in the west than in the northeast ( @number@ [ @number@.58-0.97 ] ) .
conclusion : disinfectant use was more common among nurses working in smaller hospitals , possibly because they perform more diverse tasks.
variations in spray use by hospital size and region suggest additional targets for future efforts to prevent occupational asthma.
am.
j. ind.
med.
60 : 131-140 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
method : an observational study was conducted in an outpatient setting in ontario , canada.
fatigue was measured using the fatigue impact and severity self-assessment ( fissa ) questionnaire.
habitual physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometry.
body mass index ( bmi ) and waist circumference were reported as measures of body composition.
interpretation : health care providers should consider the importance of weight management and physical activity to prevent and treat fatigue in this population.
objectives : to assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) and coronary artery calcium ( cac ) .
design : cross-sectional.
setting : established population-based cohort in reykjavik , iceland.
participants : women ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) who had completed questionnaires on hrt use ( n = @number@ ) .
results : eight hundred seventy-two ( @percent@ ) participants had used hrt , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were current users.
this association was evident in all age categories.
when hrt had been used for longer than @number@ years , median cac level was less than @percent@ of that observed in never users.
the lowest cac was observed in those who started hrt within @number@ years after menopause.
the prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups.
conclusion : a strong association was found between long-term hrt use and low cac.
the negative association between duration of hrt and cac was evident in all age groups of older women.
design : single-blind randomized clinical trial.
setting : eight post-acute care ( pac ) facilities.
participants : community-dwelling older adults with dementia and delirium ( n = @number@ ) .
intervention : research staff provided cognitively stimulating activities daily for up to @number@ days.
measurements : primary outcomes were delirium duration ( confusion assessment method ) and delirium severity ( delirium rating scale ) .
secondary outcomes were cognitive function ( digits forward , montreal cognitive assessment , clox ) and physical function ( barthel index ) .
after adjusting for baseline constructional praxis , the group comparison was no longer significant.
conclusion : cognitively stimulating activities did not improve delirium but improved executive function and reduced length of stay.
resolution of delirium may require more-intense nonpharmacological management when the individual has dementia.
objectives : to investigate frailty state transitions in a cohort of older italian adults to identify factors exacerbating or improving frailty conditions.
design : population-based longitudinal study with mean follow-up of @number@ years.
setting : community.
participants : individuals enrolled in the progetto veneto anziani ( pro.v.a. )
( n = @number@ n = @number@ male , n = @number@ female ; mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) .
anthropometric , socioeconomic , and clinical characteristics were assessed at baseline in a personal interview and clinical examination using validated scales and medical history.
conversely , overweight , low to moderate drinking , high educational level , and living alone were associated with decreasing frailty.
design : three longitudinal , population-based cohort studies.
setting : newcastle-upon-tyne , united kingdom ; leiden , the netherlands ; and lakes and bay of plenty district health board areas , new zealand.
measurements : fsrp , caide risk score , oxi-inflammatory load , fsrp incorporating oxi-inflammatory load , and caide risk score incorporating oxi-inflammatory load.
oxi-inflammatory load could be calculated only in the newcastle 85 + and the leiden 85-plus studies.
measures of global cognitive function were available for all three data sets.
domain-specific measures were available for the newcastle 85 + and the leiden 85-plus studies.
conclusion : adding oxi-inflammatory load to cardiovascular risk scores may be useful for determining risk of cognitive impairment in very old adults.
objectives : to determine the effectiveness of vitamin d supplementation in preventing decline in physical function in older men.
design : randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial.
setting : single-center study conducted at a veterans affairs healthcare system.
intervention : daily capsule containing cholecalciferol @number@ iu daily or placebo for @number@ months.
measurements : main outcomes were sppb score and gait speed.
at study end , improvements in sppb score and gait speed were not significantly greater in men receiving cholecalciferol than in those receiving placebo.
no differences were found in adverse events or numbers of falls.
these data do not support prescribing vitamin d supplements to older sedentary men to prevent physical function decline.
groups @number@ and @number@ simulated a situation with a compromised implant position that required an angulated ( 15-degree ) abutment.
lithium disilicate ( ips e.max press , ivoclar vivadent ) three-unit fdps were fabricated and cemented using self-adhesive resin cement.
fracture resistances were determined for all the samples that survived aging.
kruskal-wallis analysis of variance and mann-whitney u tests were performed to test for differences in fracture strength values at a @percent@ significance level.
results : all samples subjected to tcml survived without mechanical failure.
this difference in load-bearing capacity was not statistically significant ( p > @number@ ) .
myostatin ( mstn ) and α-actinin-3 ( actn3 ) genes are potentially associated with preservation of muscle mass and oxidative capacity , respectively.
no definite conclusions can be inferred in relation to el owing to its lack of association with both rs1815739 and rs1805086.
examine body composition changes across the lifespan of hiv-infected compared to uninfected adults.
longitudinal study of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) -treated hiv-infected and uninfected participants from the multicenter aids cohort study and women's interagency hiv study.
black race and hispanic ethnicity were associated with greater bmi and wc.
the worldwide prevalence and incidence of diabetes and obesity are increasing in pandemic proportions.
this is particularly relevant for china , where an extremely large population is growing , aging , and urbanizing.
examination surveys were conducted every @number@ years in @number@ and @number@
there were @number@ incident cases of ifg and @number@ incident cases of diabetes.
in ckd , dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia are also more prominent than other subtypes.
explanations are directed toward traditional and nontraditional vascular factors , which may also explain or mediate the association between ckd and type of cognitive impairment.
moreover , ppars distribution were also followed in situ in adult mouse brains.
background : systematic review evidence has shown that step training reduces the number of falls in older people by half.
this study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a bespoke kinect stepping exergame in an unsupervised home-based setting.
the stepping game comprised rapid stepping , attention , and response inhibition.
participants were recommended to exercise unsupervised at home for a minimum of three 20-minute sessions per week over the 12-week study period.
results : ten participants ( @percent@ ) completed the trial and reassessments.
a median @number@ 20-minute sessions were completed and no adverse events were reported.
there were also nonsignificant , but meaningful , improvements for the letter-digit ( @percent@ ) and stroop tests ( @percent@ ) .
the home-based step training program could therefore be included in exercise programs designed to prevent falls.
multivariable and propensity models adjusted for confounding.
stent type may influence the benefit of prolonged dapt. © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
the prevalence of urinary incontinence ( ui ) increases with age and can negatively affect quality of life.
however , relatively few older people with ui seek treatment.
the aim of this study was to explore the views of older people with ui on the process of seeking help.
participants took part in semi-structured interviews , which were transcribed and underwent thematic content analysis.
greater awareness that ui is a treatable condition and not a normal part of ageing is needed in the population and among health professionals.
comprehensive geriatric assessment appeared an important trigger for referral and treatment in our participants.
screening questions by healthcare professionals could be a means to identify , assess and treat older people with ui.
methods : the study cohort consisted of individuals , ≥65 years in @number@ residing in the region västra götaland during 2005-2010.
for @number@ @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) with such treatment , no underlying rationale was found.
conclusions : long-term use of ppi occurs in one out of nine individuals in the older population.
for four out of ten of these , no reason for ppi use can be identified.
nursing home residence , female sex , and greater number of drugs predict non-rational long-term use of ppi. © @number@ the authors.
pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety published by john wiley & sons ltd.
red blood cell volume ( rbcv ) is a main determinant of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy individuals.
however , it remains controversial to what extent exercise training ( ext ) enhances rbcv.
therefore , we sought to systematically review and determine the effect of ext on rbcv in healthy individuals across all ages.
a meta-analysis was performed to determine the mean difference ( md ) in rbcv between post- and pre-ext measurements.
exercise training programs primarily consisted in lower limb endurance training interventions ( mean duration = @number@ weeks ) .
latanoprost was first developed for use in glaucoma therapy as an ocular hypotensive agent targeting the prostaglandin f2α ( fp ) receptor.
subsequently , latanoprost showed a neuroprotective effect , an additional pharmacological action.
however , the function of klotho in eyes including retina is still poorly understood.
here , we show that klotho is a key factor underlying the neuroprotective effect of latanoprost during post-axotomy retinal ganglion cell ( rgc ) degeneration.
furthermore , an organic anion transporting polypeptide 2b1 inhibitor suppressed latanoprost acid-mediated klotho shedding ex vivo , whereas an fp receptor antagonist did not.
switched and igm memory b cells execute different and noninterchangeable functions.
innate igm memory b cells , the largest pool in infants , are generated in the spleen by a germinal center-independent mechanism.
with age , if the spleen is present and germinal centers are functional , innate igm memory b cells are remodelled and accumulate somatic mutations.
the third type of igm memory b cell is a by-product of the germinal center reaction.
our data suggest that the b-cell memory developmental program is implemented during the first 5-6 years of life.
the conference also promoted networking among developing researchers , leaders in the field of scr and aging , and national institutes of health program personnel.
the prevalence of psychotropic drugs usage is growing in the general population.
moreover , patients with dyspeptic symptoms are increasingly referred to the use of psychiatric and antianxiety drugs in addition to the primary medical treatment.
information regarding any taken medications including psychiatric and antianxiety drugs was collected.
in contrast , place of residence did not increase the consumption of psychotropic drugs.
the influence of marriage and widowhood disappeared after adjusting for all covariates.our study confirmed the frequent use of psychotropic medications with uninvestigated dyspepsia.
however , the pattern of consumption was different for antianxiety and psychiatric drugs.
this meta-analysis aims to consolidate previously published data to identify the risk factors most likely leading to tic.
results : data were collected from @number@ articles , capturing @number@ patients.
conclusion : cardiac performance should be closely monitored in women treated with trastuzumab.
recognizing potential risk factors along with careful attention to symptoms / lvef measurements could minimize the occurrence of tic in this population.
background : different characteristics of foot morphology are commonly accompanied by altering lower extremity biomechanical characteristics and foot function.
clarifying what factors affect foot morphology is helpful in understanding the basis of foot deformity and foot dysfunction.
methods : one hundred and eighty adults without exercise habit were included in this cross-sectional study.
participants were categorized by gender , age , bmi , and left and right foot respectively to compare foot morphology differences.
the characteristics of foot morphology were measured using a 3d foot scanner.
results : compared with females , males had longer , larger and higher feet.
in terms of age differences , older adults had shorter and stiffer feet.
regarding bilateral asymmetry , the right foot had a higher foot than the left foot.
multiple linear regression models indicated that gender , age and bmi significantly affected length and girth parameters of foot together.
bmi has an impact on both arch height and stiffness.
besides , bilateral asymmetry affects values of height parameters of foot and arch.
a qualitative interview study with family caregivers and an additional focus group was conducted.
data were analyzed using the principles of grounded theory.
age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) , also known as presbycusis , is one of the most prevalent chronic degenerative conditions.
it is characterized by a decline in auditory function.
arhl is caused by the interaction of multiple factors , including cochlear aging , environment , genetic predisposition , and health comorbidities.
the research to date suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dna deletion ( mtdna ) play a major role in pathophysiology of arhl.
all available clinical trials , including animal and human studies , in english language that examined the protective effects of antioxidants against arhl were reviewed.
high-quality clinical trials are needed to investigate if arhl can be delayed or prevented in humans.
however , it seems that targeting several cell-death pathways is better than targeting the only oxidative stress pathway.
objective : hypothesis - differences in age dependent levels of hpa components.
design : cross-sectional comparison of general medical and opioid dependent patients ( odp , gmp ) .
setting - primary care.
patients - @number@ gmc , @number@ odp.
ages @number@.92 + 1.95 @date@ .12 + 0.62 years ( p - n.s. ) and @percent@ @date@ @percent@ male ( p < 0.0001 ) .
intervention ( s ) - measurement acth , cortisol and their ratio ( acr ) .
main outcome measure ( s ) - pre-planned analysis acr.
secondary outcomes : impact of immune and metabolic markers.
results : acth / cortisol was a negative biomarker for age in female patients.
multiple regression of acr against age , status , alt , crp , and globulins confirmed many significant interactions.
dementias are one of the most serious health and socioeconomic issues.
purpose : this study was done to investigate factors influencing successful aging in middle-aged women.
methods : a convenience sample of @number@ middle-aged women was selected from the community.
results : results of regression analysis showed that significant factors influencing successful aging were post-traumatic growth and social support.
this regression model explained @percent@ of the variance in successful aging.
conclusion : findings show that the concept ' post-traumatic growth ' is an important factor influencing successful aging in middle-aged women.
in addition , social support from friends / co-workers had greater influence on successful aging than social support from family.
although this applies to multiple organ systems , the current review focuses on the male reproductive system.
the emphasis is on key age-related characteristics that influence the interpretation of tissue changes by the toxicologic pathologist.
human exome sequencing has dramatically increased the rate of identification of disease-associated polymorphisms.
however , examining the functional consequences of those variants has created an analytic bottleneck.
this approach may prove generally useful for modeling phenotypic consequences of candidate human pathogenic mutations in conserved signaling and developmental pathways.
methods : @number@ monozygotic and dizygotic finnish twin sisters ( age @number@.4±3.4 years ) were included.
relative ltl was determined from peripheral blood dna by qpcr.
lung function measures of fev1 , fvc , fev1 / fvc , and pef were derived from spirometry.
genetic modeling was performed with mplus statistical software.
for fev1 , fvc , and pef , the corresponding estimates were 65%-67% for additive genetic and 33%-35% for unique environmental factors.
across the sample , the phenotypic correlation between ltl and fev1 was modest ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : both ltl and lung function variables are moderately to highly genetically determined.
the associations between ltl and the lung function variables were weak.
future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
analyses of years since cessation , smoking duration , and pack-years of smoking all support the hypothesis that increased cigarette use shortens tl.
our results provide a potential explanation for the inconsistent associations between smoking and tl reported in previous cross-sectional studies.
time-varying associations should be considered in future studies of smoking behavior , tl , aging , and disease risk.
in young men there is an inverse relationship between msna and cardiac output where high msna is compensated for by low cardiac output.
this inverse relationship is not seen in older men.
we propose that these changes with age and menopausal status are major contributing factors in the increased prevalence of hypertension in older women.
background : natural compounds in grapes such as resveratrol are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
some studies have shown a potential role for grapes or wine in slowing cognitive decline and other effects of aging.
however , well-controlled experimental data obtained in human subjects are still in need of further development.
here we aimed to systematically assess effects of grapes on regional cerebral metabolism.
methods : ten subjects with mild decline in cognition ( mean , @number@.2±4.7years ; @percent@ female ) were included in this analysis.
participants were randomized into an active grape formulation arm or a placebo arm which consumed a formulation free of polyphenols for six months.
cognitive performance was measured through neuropsychological assessments performed at baseline and 6months after initiation of therapy.
no significant differences were seen in scores on the neuropsychological battery of tests between the two groups.
this suggests a protective effect of grapes against early pathologic metabolic decline.
proglucagon-derived peptides , especially glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) and its long-acting mimetics , have exhibited neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke.
several of these peptides are in clinical trials for stroke.
oxyntomodulin ( oxm ) is a proglucagon-derived peptide that co-activates the glp-1 receptor ( glp-1r ) and the glucagon receptor ( gcgr ) .
the neuroprotective action of oxm , however , has not been thoroughly investigated.
in this study , the neuroprotective effect of oxm was first examined in human neuroblastoma ( sh-sy5y ) cells and rat primary cortical neurons.
glp-1r and gcgr antagonists , and inhibitors of various signaling pathways were used in cell culture to characterize the mechanisms of action of oxm.
we found that oxm dose- and time-dependently increased cell viability and protected cells from glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress.
these neuroprotective actions of oxm were mainly mediated through the glp-1r.
oxm induced intracellular camp production and activated camp-response element-binding protein ( creb ) .
furthermore , inhibition of the pka and mapk pathways , but not inhibition of the pi3k pathway , significantly attenuated the oxm neuroprotective actions.
intracerebroventricular administration of oxm significantly reduced cerebral infarct size and improved locomotor activities in mcao stroke rats.
therefore , we conclude that oxm is neuroprotective against ischemic brain injury.
the mechanisms of action involve induction of intracellular camp , activation of pka and mapk pathways and phosphorylation of creb.
many of such nonexponentially degraded ( ned ) proteins are components of macromolecular complexes.
this may explain why , in cases of trisomy , the effect of overexpression can be attenuated.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : we included @number@ older adults ( @number@ with lld and @number@ comparison participants ) in this study.
measurement : a panel of @number@ sasp-related proteins was extracted from a previous multiplex protein panel performed in these participants.
we conducted a principal component analysis to create the sasp index based on individual weights of each of protein.
these results suggest that individuals with lld display enhanced aging-related molecular patterns that are associated with higher medical comorbidity and worse cognitive function.
introduction : data on the association between exercise capacity and risk for heart failure ( hf ) in older adults are limited.
this cohort was initiated in 1997-1998 and exercise capacity was evaluated with a long-distance corridor walk test ( ldcw ) at baseline and year @number@
outcomes were collected in 2007-2008 and initial analysis performed in @number@
the corresponding 10-year mortality was @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@.
in adjusted models , ldcw performance variables were associated mainly with mortality.
only 20-meter walking speed and resting heart rate retained prognostic value for hf.
longitudinal changes in ldcw did not predict subsequent incident hf or mortality.
conclusions : completing an ldcw is strongly associated with lower 10-year mortality and hf risk in older adults.
therefore , walking capacity may serve as an early risk marker.
introduction : volume restoration is not a new concept in facial rejuvenation.
the deep fat compartments would appear to be more greatly subjected to age-related volumetric deflation.
however , this view lacks scientific evidence.
materials and methods : a cadaveric anatomical study was performed by dissection of superficial and deep facial fat compartment of @number@ body.
the studied compartments were identified by methylene blue injection and were weighed.
no statistically significant difference as concerns the mean weight of the superficial compartments ( @number@.93g vs @number@.73g ) .
thus to obtain natural-looking results in facial rejuvenation , the volumetric restoration of these deep compartments should be considered a priority.
methods : retrospective cohort study of @number@ paediatric patients being followed for pcnst in a single referral oncological centre.
the young brain is probably more susceptible to radiation-induced late cerebrovascular injury.
diffuse small vessel disease and ceiling effect may account for the low topographic concordance we found.
the clinical implications of fhd lesions in this specific population are yet to be clarified.
the authors sought to determine which neuropsychiatric symptoms predict relapse.
as reported previously , discontinuation of risperidone was associated with a two- to fourfold increased risk of relapse over 16-32 weeks.
this effect was present for the subgroup with auditory hallucinations , but not the subgroup with visual hallucinations.
this group difference remained significant for severe ( @percent@ ) compared with mild ( @percent@ ) hallucinations.
npi domain scores after the initial open-treatment phase were not associated with relapse.
for patients with hallucinations , particularly auditory hallucinations , antipsychotic discontinuation should be approached cautiously because of high relapse risk.
background : to analyse the differences in the self-estimate of life quality depending on the ageing type - passive , active.
subjects and methods : life-quality linked to health was measured with an sf-36 survey , which gives multi-dimensional criteria of health and life-quality.
@number@ examinees in total , aged from @number@ to @number@ were included in the research.
divided by sex , in the research participated @number@ women and @number@ men.
statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics , hi-square test , spearman's correlation coefficient , and mann-whitney u test.
results : in all dimensions of health , examinees from the category active ageing achieve higher scores , which indicates better health and better functioning.
with the hi-square test , it was determined that there are differences between the groups.
the pathophysiology of frailty is multifactorial and associated with comorbidities.
testosterone is implicated in regulating metabolic functions , maintenance of muscle and bone , and inhibition of adipogenesis.
testosterone treatment in frail older men with limited mobility and with testosterone deficiency improved insulin resistance , glucose metabolism , and body composition.
these changes contribute to better physical function and improved quality of life.
such an approach may reduce disability and the risk of hospitalization and increase functional independence and quality of life.
medical innovations have created a future of survivorship for many groups of people with a variety of conditions that were previously untreatable or untreated.
specifically , we examine how childhood identities were shaped in three settings ; home , hospital and school.
aims : exercise training ( et ) has been variably associated with body composition changes among persons with type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) .
the degree to which these changes are related to hyperglycemia remains unclear.
this was a post hoc single arm intervention study of participants who completed the exercise intervention ( n = 50 ) .
participants were aged 40-65years and had t2dm that was not treated with insulin.
body composition was assessed by dexa.
there was an increase in % total lbm ( @number@.4±1.9% ) and decrease in % total body fat mass ( @number@.5±2.0% ) after et.
conclusions : our data demonstrate that muscle gains and fat loss after et are positively related to baseline hyperglycemia.
further studies are needed to characterize differences in metabolic response following et among persons with diabetes.
multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate age and gender-related differences in fatal intersection crash risk , controlling for covariates.
an induced exposure analysis was conducted to calculate crash involvement ratios ( cirs ) for all two-vehicle fatal intersection crashes.
older and younger drivers were compared with respect to the presence of factors related to intersection crashes using a multivariate poisson regression model.
by age @number@ fatal intersection crash risk for all drivers was almost doubled.
we aimed to investigate and compare regional neuromuscular activation patterns along the rf muscle between the young and elderly during the stair walking.
fourteen young men ( age : @number@.4±1.0years ) and @number@ elderly men ( age : @number@.8±5.9years ) performed the stair ascent and descent.
fifteen trials of three steps were performed for both stair ascent and descent.
cla was significantly moved along the muscle during the stair ascent and descent in both young and elderly ( p < 0.05 ) .
these results suggest that the regional neuromuscular activation within the rf muscle is affected by aging during the stair walking.
the intraorbital fat protrusion in the lower eyelids occurs as an aging process , and the protruded fat is routinely removed during aesthetic surgeries.
the morphological properties of orbital adipocytes were assessed and the fat cell size displayed a decreasing trend with advancing age.
oascs were isolated from the fat samples , expanded in vitro and cultured under appropriate inducive conditions.
our data suggested that using autologous oascs from elderly patients for potential therapeutic purposes might be restricted.
the wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders associated with olfactory dysfunction suggests different , potentially overlapping , underlying pathophysiologies.
olfactory dysfunction in carriers does not appear to be allele specific , but is strongly age-dependent and precedes symptomatic onset.
severe olfactory dysfunction , however , is not a fully penetrant trait at the time of symptom onset.
irreproducibility in odor identification appears to be a non-disease-specific , general feature of olfactory dysfunction that is accelerated or accentuated in neurodegenerative disease.
it may reflect a fundamental organizational principle of the olfactory system , which is more \ "error-prone \ " than other sensory systems.
objectives : to examine associations of maternal age at childbirth and parity with survival to age @number@ years ( longevity ) .
we adjusted associations with longevity for demographic , lifestyle , reproductive , and health-related characteristics.
among parous women , the relationship between parity and longevity was significant among white but not black women.
white women with @number@ to @number@ term pregnancies compared with @number@ term pregnancy had higher odds of longevity.
conclusions : reproductive events were associated with longevity among women.
future studies are needed to determine whether factors such as socioeconomic status explain associations between reproductive events and longevity.
reactive control refers to the expression and suppression of responses and proactive control refers to the adjustment of response to previous situations.
we also identified consistent and inconsistent attendees of the booster break sessions.
results : we obtained data from @number@ participants ( mean age , @number@ y ; @percent@ racial / ethnic minority ) .
usual-break participants significantly increased their body mass index , whereas booster break participants maintained body mass index status during the @number@ months.
introduction : heart disease and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death in the united states.
we predicted that cancer would become the leading cause of death around @number@ although sex-specific crossover years varied.
if current trends continue , cancer will become the leading cause of death by @number@
from there , the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression.
the major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux , due to the dynamic nature of autophagy.
thus , it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle.
in this review , we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy , and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle.
it has been considered that the elderly have clinical manifestations different from the ones observed in middle-age adults during an injury event.
this hypothesis has not been extensively explored in sepsis and bacterial infections.
the aim of this study is to assess the impact on cancer recurrence of a failed laparoscopic attempt.
data were pooled by fixed or random effect modeling , according to the presence of heterogeneity.
primary outcomes were local recurrence ( lr ) and distance recurrence ( dr ) .
results : seven studies involving @number@ patients ( completed lcr , n @number@ and cos , n @number@ ) were included.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of cerebral microbleeds is the most reliable option for clinical diagnosis of suspected caa.
little evidence has been established pertaining to the time course of recurrent caa-related microbleeds or larger hemorrhages.
the identification of reliable diagnostic biomarkers in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is an ongoing topic.
here , we could demonstrate the expression of mdh1 in neurons as well as in the neuropil.
its levels are lower in scjd brains than in control brains.
prior to use in therapy , extensive expansion is required.
further qpcr verification showed that the expression of mir-1915-3p , mir-1207 , mir-3665 , and mir-762 correlated with the expansion time at passage @number@
previously described bm-msc-specific mirna fingerprints were also detected but these remained unchanged during expansion.
the role of this cluster in msc functionality is worth future studies since it links expansion , aging and immune system together.
skeletal muscle is a highly regenerative tissue , but muscle repair potential is increasingly compromised with advancing age.
in this study , we demonstrate that increased nf-κb activity in aged muscle fibers contributes to diminished myogenic potential of their associated satellite cells.
we further examine the impact of genetic modulation of nf-κb signaling in muscle satellite cells or myofibers on recovery after damage.
these studies reveal that nf-κb activity in differentiated myofibers is sufficient to drive dysfunction of muscle regenerative cells via cell-non-autonomous mechanisms.
inhibition of nf-κb , or its downstream target phospholipase a2 , in myofibers rescued muscle regenerative potential in aged muscle.
moreover , systemic administration of sodium salicylate , an fda-approved nf-κb inhibitor , decreased inflammatory gene expression and improved repair in aged muscle.
in this study , @number@ television advertisements from hong kong , japan , and south korea were analyzed to determine their representations of older people.
the other variables investigated ( i.e. , setting and product categories ) led to no conclusive findings for the three societies.
in short , our study , employing ethnolinguistic vitality theory to analyze television advertisements , demonstrates how east asian societies greatly marginalize older people.
potential effects of such representations are discussed using social cognitive theory and cultivation theory.
we examine each perspective's predictions using data from the first wave of midlife in the united states ( 1995-1996 ; midus ) .
our study provides an organizational framework of theoretical perspectives that can guide further examinations of variation in aging experiences by sexual minority status.
research on new casinos typically focuses upon their impact on the community , rather than on specific at-risk groups.
the subjects then had their dlpfc gaba content measured by single-voxel proton magnetic spectroscopy.
furthermore , this finding suggests that efforts to preserve or increase brain gaba levels could be fruitful in remediating wm-related deficits associated with neuropsychiatric conditions.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : south korea.
main outcome measures : bmi.
results : bmi among the employed was higher than among the unemployed for those under @number@
in terms of gender , employed men reported higher bmi than their unemployed counterparts , whereas employed women reported lower bmi than did unemployed women.
conclusions : employment status showed varying impacts on obesity by age and gender.
on entry into residential care , they exhibit greater frailty in terms of activities of daily living , cognition , aggression , and incontinence.
attention is drawn to the public and private services , hospitalization patterns , and substantial communication gaps experienced by our moms and families.
implications : a life-course perspective , and qualitative and quantitative data facilitate understanding the care journeys-health and service trajectories of older women with dementia.
choice of solution : geriatric order sets incorporating @number@ beers guidelines and including geriatric prescribing advice and prepopulated order options were developed.
evaluation : facilitators and barriers to order sets use at the two sites were evaluated.
all providers were asked about order set ' use ' and ' usefulness'.
users ( n = @number@ ) were asked about ' usability'.
provider ' autonomy' , ' comfort ' level with existing tools , and ' learning curve ' were stated as barriers to use.
background : resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults , but responses are attenuated compared with younger people.
data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women.
to our knowledge , this possibility has not been investigated in men.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct02843009.
background : frailty is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures.
less is known , however , about the association between frailty and bone health.
methods : men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers in eight european centres for participation in the european male aging study.
frailty was defined based on an adaptation of fried's phenotype criteria and a frailty index ( fi ) was constructed.
results : in total , @number@ subjects contributed data to the analysis.
similar results were seen using the fi after categorisation into ' high' , ' medium ' and ' low ' levels of frailty.
when analysed as a continuous variable , higher fi was linked with lower sos , bua and qui ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : optimisation of bone health as well as prevention of falls should be considered as strategies to reduce fractures in frail older people.
human nf155-based elisa clearly distinguished between anti-nf155 antibody-positive and -negative sera.
fifteen cidp patients ( @percent@ ) were igg4 anti-human nf155 antibody-positive , which were confirmed by western blot , cell-based assay and immunohistochemical study.
of disease controls or healthy subjects had positive results.
clinical presentation of igg4 anti-nf155 antibody-positive patients was consistent with those in previous reports.
this elisa combined with determination of the igg4 subclass is useful in screening for anti-nf155 antibodies.
ruijs-aalfs syndrome is a segmental progeroid syndrome resulting from mutations in the
background : globally , suicide rates increase with age , being highest in older adults.
methods : the queensland suicide register was utilized for the analysis.
annual suicide rates were calculated by gender and age group , and odds ratios with @percent@ confidence intervals were examined.
there were no significant changes in time trends for older adults in 2002-2012.
suicide methods differed between gender and age groups.
somatic illness , bereavement , and attention to suicide in the media were more common among older adults than middle-age adults.
older females were particularly more likely to pay attention to suicide in the media.
preventing suicide in older adults would therefore require holistic and comprehensive approaches.
background : the factors influencing successful aging ( sa ) are of great interest in an aging society.
methods : data were extracted from the population-based cross-sectional nord-trøndelag health study ( hunt3 2006-2008 ) .
individuals aged 70-89 years with complete datasets for the three components were included ( n = @number@ of @number@ @percent@ ) .
of the respondents , @percent@ were women.
univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze possible correlates of sa.
the most demanding criterion was high function , closely followed by absence of disease , while approximately two-thirds were actively engaged in life.
the relative change with age was largest for the high cognitive and physical function component and smallest for active engagement with life.
conclusions : the prevalence of sa in this study ( @percent@ ) is comparable to previous studies.
it may be possible to increase the prevalence by intervention directed toward more exercise , non-smoking , and better satisfaction with life.
background : leading theories about the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia focus on central nervous dysregulation or sensitization , which can cause altered perception.
there is growing evidence that fibromyalgia involves altered perception not only of pain , but also other sensory stimuli.
in addition , we studied persons with other musculoskeletal pain than fibromyalgia and persons who did not have any musculoskeletal pain.
respondents with other musculoskeletal pain problems than fibromyalgia were divided into two groups with respectively localized and widespread musculoskeletal pain.
data were analyzed with logistic regression models adjusting for age , education , anxiety , depression and hearing thresholds.
conclusions : our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that fibromyalgia is related to a general dysregulation of the central nervous system.
the same might also be the case for other local and , in particular , other widespread , musculoskeletal pain.
this study examined for which aspects of motor sequencing performance these relationships hold.
action learning and motor control accuracy are uniquely associated with ef for older adults only , and only if the sequences are complex.
component processes do not fully account for the unique relationships between motor sequencing and ef in older adults.
the majority of the patients reported are pediatric or young adults , and long-term studies able to define the prognosis of the disease are lacking.
our dataset , interactive figures , and software for computing cev with flow cytometry data provide a resource for exploring cev functions.
we aimed to investigate whether urinary neopterin levels are associated with cognitive function in people with down syndrome ( ds ) .
methods : out of @number@ adults with ds who originally participated in a longitudinal study , @number@ were followed up at @number@ years.
learning how to gain rewards ( approach learning ) and avoid punishments ( avoidance learning ) is fundamental for everyday life.
moreover , little is known about the computational mechanisms mediating differences in learning styles.
these data suggest that learning different types of information depend on associated reward values and internal motivational drives , possibly determined by personality traits.
background : veterans are prone to bone-related illnesses due to multiple risk factors such as prior injuries.
the aim of this study was to compare trends in osteoporosis preventive practices between veteran and nonveteran older adults.
data were analyzed using descriptive statistics , parametric statistics , and content analysis.
findings : overall , mhv participants were younger and included more men than sn participants.
more mhv participants discussed pain and disability as barriers to bone health behaviors and fear of deteriorating health as motivators.
in addition , more mhv participants found that participating in the original study was helpful for changing health behaviors.
background : the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele and stroke increase the risk of cognitive decline.
however , the association of the apoe ε4 allele before and after stroke is not well understood.
results : in our sample , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had incident stroke.
the apoe ε4 allele , cognitive function , and incident stroke were associated with mortality.
the werner syndrome protein ( wrn ) suppresses the loss of telomeres replicated by lagging-strand synthesis by a yet to be defined mechanism.
these findings define a biochemical context for the physiological role of wrn in maintaining genetic stability.
objective : to evaluate skin laxity effects of microneedle fractional radiofrequency induced thermal lesions in different dermal layers.
skin laxity changes were evaluated objectively ( digital images , @number@ independent experts ) and subjectively ( patients ' satisfaction numerical rating ) .
results : @number@ of @number@ subjects completed a course of @number@ treatments and a 1-year follow-up.
effects on infraorbital rhytides were only slightly better ( p = .3531 ) .
conclusion : mfrs is an effective method to improve skin laxity.
thermal lesion approach seems to provide better outcomes when applied to deep dermal layers.
it is necessary to consider the skin thickness of different facial regions when choosing the treatment depth.
our purpose is to review fracture liaison service ( fls ) models and to evaluate national and international experiences in secondary fracture prevention.
references were included from 2001-2015.
we subsequently performed reference searches of retrieved articles and available literature was reviewed.
results : the efficacy of secondary fracture prevention programs correlates strongly with their intensity.
type a fls models are most successful in initiating diagnostic and treatment plans for fragility fracture patients.
adoption of fls programs improves care by lowering mortality and refracture rates while also lowering healthcare costs.
these programs are simple , targeted , high-yield and have the potential to protect our most vulnerable patients.
objective : late-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( loh ) is a complex , heterogeneous entity.
whenever treatment is indicated , the endocrine literature has recommend testosterone replacement.
we present our experience with clomiphene citrate treatment in patients with loh and a review of the literature.
data were retrieved from the patients ' electronic medical records.
clomiphene was initially prescribed at doses between @number@ mg @number@ times a week and @number@ mg / day.
mean basal luteinizing hormone ( lh ) increased from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ nmol / l ( p < .0001 ) .
mean basal follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) increased from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ nmol / l ( p = @number@ ) .
twelve ( @percent@ ) patients reported improvement in symptoms.
side effects included transient nipple tenderness in @number@ patient.
conclusion : available data suggest that clomiphene is an efficient and convenient alternative to testosterone replacement therapy in a substantial subset of patients with loh.
additional long-term controlled studies should further establish the role of clomiphene in loh.
abbreviations : fsh = follicle-stimulating hormone lh = luteinizing hormone loh = late-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
objective : to assess the impact of disability and social determinants of health on condition-specific readmissions beyond current risk adjustment.
multilevel logistic regression models assessed the impact of disability and selected social determinants of health on readmission beyond current risk adjustment.
main measures : outcomes measured were readmissions ≤30 days after hospitalizations for pneumonia , heart failure , or acute myocardial infarction.
it is therefore important that policymakers and care professionals know how much support this population needs in their daily life.
daily functioning was operationalized as basic and instrumental activities of daily living ( adl and iadl ) and mobility.
fifty-five percent of the total group declined in adl , @number@ % in iadl , and @number@ % in mobility.
thirty-nine percent of the participants with mild id declined in adl , @number@ % in iadl , and @number@ % in mobility.
poor daily functioning and mobility was a risk factor for all-cause mortality.
this epidemiological study shows a clear decline in the daily functioning of older adults with intellectual disabilities over a 3-year follow-up period.
care providers should be aware of this decline and focus on maintaining as much independence as possible.
an active cognitive lifestyle has been suggested to have a protective role in the long-term maintenance of cognition.
amongst healthy older adults , more managerial or supervisory experiences in midlife are linked to a slower hippocampal atrophy rate in late life.
all participants underwent neuropsychological testing , structural and resting-state functional mri.
group comparisons were performed on hippocampal volume , morphology , hippocampal seed-based functional connectivity , memory and executive function and self-ratings of memory proficiency.
hme was linked to better memory function ( p = @number@ ) , mediated by larger hippocampal volume ( p = @number@ ) .
more specifically , deformation analysis found hme had relatively more volume in the ca1 sub-region of the hippocampus ( p < @number@ ) .
finally , hierarchical regression modelling substantiated this double dissociation.
none : this paper charted the cognitive and behavioural profiles from toddlerhood to middle childhood in @number@ children diagnosed with asd at 24-months.
seventy-three percent of children continued to meet ados cut-off at school age.
conclusion : diagnoses at 24-months , appear to be reliable and stable.
extensive studies have revealed critical roles of activated mapks in the processes of cardiac injury and heart failure and many other cardiovascular diseases.
recently , emerging evidence suggests that mapks also promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias.
none : bpc @number@ a pentadecapeptide with extensive healing effects , has recently been suggested to contribute to angiogenesis.
however , the underlying mechanism is not yet clear.
the present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect and pro-angiogenic mechanism of bpc @number@
in vitro study using human vascular endothelial cells further confirmed the increased mrna and protein expressions of vegfr2 but not vegf-a by bpc @number@
bpc @number@ time dependently activated the vegfr2-akt-enos signaling pathway which could also be suppressed by dynasore.
the increase of endothelial tube formation induced by bpc @number@ was also inhibited by dynasore.
bpc @number@ promotes angiogenesis in cam assay and tube formation assay.
bpc @number@ accelerates the blood flow recovery and vessel number in rats with hind limb ischemia.
bpc @number@ up-regulates vegfr2 expression in rats with hind limb ischemia and endothelial cell culture.
bpc @number@ promotes vegfr2 internalization in association with vegfr2-akt-enos activation.
key message : bpc @number@ promotes angiogenesis in cam assay and tube formation assay.
bpc @number@ accelerates the blood flow recovery and vessel number in rats with hind limb ischemia.
bpc @number@ up-regulates vegfr2 expression in rats with hind limb ischemia and endothelial cell culture.
bpc @number@ promotes vegfr2 internalization in association with vegfr2-akt-enos activation.
this paper presents a comparative evaluation of methods for automated voxel-based spatial mapping in diffusion tensor imaging studies.
such methods are an essential step in computational pipelines and provide anatomically comparable measurements across a population in atlas-based studies.
the methods were evaluated with respect to scan-rescan reliability and an application to normal aging.
the methods included voxel-based analysis with and without smoothing , two types of region-based analysis , and combinations thereof with skeletonization.
the templates included a study-specific template created with dti-tk and the iit template serving as a standard template.
scan-rescan reliability was assessed using the coefficient of variation ( cv ) and intraclass correlation ( icc ) in eight subjects with three scans each.
this cross-sectional study included @number@ individuals between @number@ to @number@ years old who were physically healthy and cognitively intact.
t1-weighted 3t mri scans were used to evaluate gray matter cortical thickness.
the markers were clustered into five factors , and factor scores were related to cortical thickness by general linear model.
an association between the increasing cholesterol and greater thickness in frontoparietal and occipital areas was also noted.
associations persisted independently of age , presence of cardiovascular risk factors and apoe gene status.
these findings may provide information on distinct mechanisms of inter-individual cortical variation as well as factors contributing to trajectories of cortical thinning with advancing age.
objectives : point-of-care cardiac troponin testing with adequate analytical performances has the potential to improve chest pain patients flow in the emergency department.
we present the analytical evaluation of the newly developed philips minicare ctni point-of-care immunoassay.
design & methods : li-heparin whole blood and plasma were used to perform analytical studies.
the sample type comparison study was performed at @number@ different hospitals.
cross-reactivity and interferences were minimal and no high-dose hook was observed.
the method comparison between minicare ctni and beckman coulter access , accutni + 3 demonstrated a correlation coefficient of @number@ with a slope of @number@
the 99th percentile url of a healthy population was calculated to be 43ng / l with no significant difference between genders or sample types.
mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the loss of muscle featuring both aging and cancer cachexia ( cc ) .
whether mitochondrial quality control ( mqc ) is altered in skeletal myocytes of old patients with cc is unclear.
the present investigation therefore sought to preliminarily characterize mqc pathways in muscle of old gastric cancer patients with cachexia.
the study followed a case-control cross-sectional design.
the mitofusin @number@ expression was reduced in cancer patients compared with controls , independent of cc.
fission protein @number@ was instead up-regulated in cc patients relative to the other groups.
the mitophagy regulators pten-induced putative kinase @number@ and parkin were both down-regulated in cancer patients compared with controls.
further investigations are needed to corroborate these preliminary findings and determine whether mqc pathways may become target for future interventions.
behavioral findings suggest an inverted u-shaped pattern of prospective memory development across the lifespan.
a key mechanism underlying this development is the ability to detect cues.
behavioral results supported the pattern of an inverted u-shape with a pronounced prospective memory decrease in old adults.
no such specific modulation was evident in old adults for the early n1 component but only at the later p3b component.
adolescents showed differential modulations of the amplitude also for irrelevant information at the p3b , suggesting less efficient processing.
in terms of conceptual implications , present findings underline the importance of cue detection for prospective remembering and reveal different developmental trajectories for cue detection.
background : no previous reports to date have characterized the national profiles of bone sarcoma overall.
methods : we identified @number@ patients with bone sarcomas using the bstt registry during 2006-2012.
we extracted the data regarding patient demographics , treatment , and prognosis at the last follow-up for each patient.
results : there was a slight male preponderance.
the most frequent tumor locations were the lower extremity ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) and the trunk ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) .
somatic rearranged during transfection ( ret ) mutations are reported in 40-50% of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma ( smtc ) patients with prognostic significance.
we collected data from seven smtc patients from the years @number@ to @number@ and analyzed their clinic-pathological features up to @number@
all patients were still alive to follow up for 11∼18 years.
tumor dnas were extracted to assess exons 10-11 and 13-16 , and the intron-exon boundaries of the ret gene.
the small cohort demonstrated a relatively good outcome of smtc patients to survive > 10 years.
background : genome-wide gene expression profiling of mammalian cells is becoming a staple of many published biomedical and biological research studies.
such data is deposited into data repositories such as the gene expression omnibus ( geo ) for potential reuse.
however , these repositories currently do not provide simple interfaces to systematically analyze collections of related studies.
in a second case study , we collected @number@ signatures from treatment of human cells with dexamethasone , a glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) agonist.
our analysis confirms consensus gr target genes and predicts potential drug mimickers.
conclusions : gen3va can be used to identify , aggregate , and analyze themed collections of gene expression signatures from diverse but related studies.
gen3va is an open-source web-based system that is freely available at : @url@ .
this type of brain injury is very complex and is divided into two major components.
the first component , a primary injury , occurs at the time of impact and is the result of the mechanical insult itself.
this primary injury is thought to be irreversible and resistant to most treatments.
this injury appears to be amenable to treatment.
because of diverse pharmaceutical interactions , combinations of different drugs do not work well in concert and result in adverse physiological conditions.
research has begun to investigate the possibility of using natural compounds as a therapeutic intervention following tbi.
these compounds normally have very low toxicity and have reduced interactions with other pharmaceuticals.
in addition , many natural compounds have the potential to target numerous different components of the secondary injury.
here , we review @number@ different plant-derived natural compounds , phytochemicals , which have been investigated in experimental animal models of tbi.
some of these phytochemicals appear to have potential as possible therapeutic interventions to offset key components of the secondary injury cascade.
background : previous research has revealed the existence of gender differences in sleep patterns among older adults from various ethnic groups.
data on how gender affects the sleep patterns of taiwanese are limited.
methods : a mixed method design was used.
women had more negative perceptions about aging ( e.g. , feelings of powerlessness ) and more sleep complaints than men.
conclusions / implications for practice : negative perceptions about aging are associated with reports of poor sleep quality.
there are gendered differences in perceptions about aging and appraisals of sleep.
as the process of aging and patterns of sleep change over time , longitudinal research designs are recommended for future studies.
background : most senior veterans who live in veterans ' homes in taiwan are single and have few intimate , interpersonal relationships.
methods : a cross-sectional design was used , and @number@ senior male veterans were convenience sampled from three veterans ' homes in southern taiwan.
three structured questionnaires were used in this study : personal characteristics questionnaire , interpersonal intimacy scale , and purpose in life test.
disseminated fusariosis is a rare disease , and data are scant in pediatric patients.
in the fungiscope registry , we identified @number@ children with disseminated fusariosis between @number@ and @number@
our analysis of the largest pediatric case series reported to date adds pediatric-specific experience to the management of this opportunistic infection in children.
this study was designed to investigate the antioxidant ability of geb and its antiaging effect on human dermal fibroblast cells ( hdf ) .
the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of geb were @number@ and @number@ mg / g dry weight ( dw ) , respectively.
the ergothioneine content of geb was @number@ mg / ml dw.
the dpph and abts radical scavenging activities of geb at @number@ and @number@ mg / ml approximately ranged between @percent@ and @percent@.
the superoxide dismutase activity of geb at @number@ and @number@ mg / ml was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
geb increased procollagen type @number@ ( pc1 ) production and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) production and elastase-1 activity in uva-irradiated hdf.
pc1 messenger rna ( mrna ) levels decreased upon uva irradiation , but recovered in response to high doses of geb in hdf.
on the contrary , geb significantly decreased mmp-1 and elastase-1 mrna levels , which were markedly induced in uva-irradiated hdf.
colorectal cancer ( crc ) organoids can be derived from almost all crc patients and therefore capture the genetic diversity of this disease.
the belgian law has addressed assisted suicide as an option in case of unbearable psychic suffering with no future prospective.
might they be discriminated as non pathological in assessing patients ' competence and how ?
discussion : the slippery slopes is even more upsetting when dealing with elderly affected by chronic disability.
some body of evidence justified suicide in elderly as the final auto determination to preserve the person's dignity , and quality of life.
the growing scenario of economic shortages in heath care system seems to further legalize the social prejudice and the ageistic discrimination towards elderly with disability.
study design : cross-sectional study.
setting : a regional sci outpatient center in sweden.
mean age was @number@.7±9.4 years , and mean time since injury was @number@.3±9.2 years.
regardless of duration of sci , all @number@ participated in dressing , bathing and leisure activities.
women reported better health than men.
additionally , a need to save strength / energy was also a reason for not participating in the activities.
perceived future support and concerns in relation to personal assistance , assistive devices and rehabilitation was also reported.
conclusion : increasing secondary health complications and a need to save strength / energy influenced participation in activities.
laws and / or governmental policies regarding personal assistance and assistive devices did not always support participation in activities.
interventions should aim to create a balance among activities in everyday life.
as people grow older , speech perception difficulties become highly prevalent , especially in noisy listening situations.
in order to develop effective rehabilitation strategies , it is indispensable to know how these different degrading factors act upon speech perception.
this implies disentangling effects of hearing impairment versus age and examining the interplay between both factors in different background noises of everyday settings.
all participants were screened for ( mild ) cognitive impairment.
the impact of hearing impairment is as detrimental for young and middle-aged as it is for older adults.
when the background noise becomes cognitively more demanding , there is a larger decline in speech perception , due to age or hearing impairment.
hearing impairment seems to be the main factor underlying speech perception problems in background noises that cause energetic masking.
we suggest that the degrading effect of age is mediated by deficiencies in temporal processing and central executive functions.
additionally , twincretin is shown to improve upon the neurotrophic effects of single incretin receptor agonists in these same cells.
background : bone metastases are a frequent complication of advanced oncologic disease.
pain associated to bone metastasis is a major cause of morbidity in cancer patients , especially in elderly.
methods : @number@ patients over the age of @number@ were enrolled in @number@ year time for a multicentre retrospective observational study.
patients were treated with palliative purposes for painful bone metastases.
results : pain intensity difference ( pid ) was found in @percent@ of patients.
reported pid was statistically significant for p < @number@
pain intensity measured by a point numeric rating scale was statistically significant reduced for p < @number@ by one-fraction regimen compared to other two regimens.
radiation therapy provides significant pain relief of symptomatic bone metastases , but appropriate radiotherapy scheduled is needed in order to get significant response to treatment.
multidisciplinary approach is warranted to value the balance between the therapeutic objectives and the patient quality of life.
rarely , patients present severe bowel obstruction , perforation or severe bleeding.
the radical resection with complete removal of the tumour remains the main therapeutic approach.
we performed a local resection in patients with suspected gist admitted for emergency treatment for gi bleeding.
cases : we present three cases of patients admitted for gi bleeding.
the cause could be a gist bleeding.
in all cases , local resection was performed without a pancreaticoduodenectomy.
histological examination on surgical preparations showed that in two cases it was a gist and in one case , it was a leiomyoma.
wide resections are not needed ; it is important to remove completely the disease.
this is also because non-malignant tumours may present as gists and in these cases it is not recommended to run a pd.
conclusion : the treatment of choice for duodenal gists is complete surgical resection with negative resection margins.
when the papilla or the periampullary region is involved we choose to perform pancreaticoduodenectomy ; otherwise it is better to perform a local resection.
in fact , local resection has lower morbidity and mortality , with a comparable outcome.
previous studies have identified a number of factors that contribute to improved cognitive function , and to memory function specifically , in cognitively normal individuals.
the current study thus investigated whether the self-reported frequency of sexual intercourse was related to memory function in healthy female college students.
results showed that frequency of pvi was positively associated with memory scores for abstract words , but not faces.
taken together , these results suggest that pvi may indeed have beneficial effects on memory function in healthy young women.
recently , the dimensional apathy scale ( das ) was developed to assess apathy as multifaceted construct , independent of physical disability.
we developed the italian version of the dimensional apathy scale ( i-das ) and explored its psychometric properties in a sample of @number@ healthy individuals.
participants also completed apathy evaluation scale , beck depression inventory-ii and addenbrooke's cognitive examination-revised.
the i-das showed high internal consistency , good convergent and divergent validity.
the i-das had a three-factor structure , such as the original scale.
the i-das scored was significantly correlated with individuals ' education , but not with age or gender.
we , therefore , computed correction factor for education and provided percentile distribution of the adjusted scores to identify individuals with high levels of apathy.
the i-das showed good psychometric properties and can be a valid and reliable tool to assess multidimensional apathy.
introduction : working memory ( wm ) is a multi-component model that among others involves the two processes of filtering and storage.
methods : we designed a new paradigm that strictly controlled for perceptual load by presenting the same number of stimuli in each of three conditions.
in the younger group , filtering involved the bilateral insulae , the right occipital cortex , the right brainstem , and the right cerebellum.
in the elder group , filtering was associated with the bilateral insulae , right precuneus , and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
conclusions : in general , elder participants recruited more brain regions in comparison to younger participants to reach similar accuracy levels.
furthermore , in elder participants one brain region emerged in both contrasts , namely the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
hence , elder participants seem to routinely recruit this brain region in demanding tasks , irrespective of whether filtering or storing is challenged.
introduction : multiple object tracking ( mot ) is a powerful paradigm for measuring sustained attention.
conclusion : using mot as means for measuring attentional performance , we have demonstrated an age-related attentional decline.
network-level analysis revealed age-related alterations in network recruitment consisting of diminished activations of dan and diminished deactivations of dmn in older relative to younger adults.
methods : data presented in this review were collected from both research and review articles concerning ophthalmology and pharmacology.
results : the results of the studies analyzed in this review are not unambiguous.
moreover , the studies are not homogenous.
it may increase the risk of amd , but it can also reduce the risk of life-threatening conditions.
the authors suggest that in order to avoid possible risks of amd development , people who frequently take asa should have their vision checked regularly.
introduction : although testosterone deficiency has a well-known association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , the threshold remains to be determined.
aim : to investigate whether there is a discriminatory testosterone level below which the cvd risk increases.
methods : the study included @number@ men @number@ to @number@ years old who underwent a general health checkup.
aging symptoms and sexual function were evaluated with the aging males ' symptom scale.
main outcome measures : locally weighted regression was performed to determine the testosterone threshold for framingham cvd risk and increased hscrp.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the mean total testosterone level was @number@ ± @number@ ng / dl.
the mean 10-year framingham cvd risk was @number@ ± @percent@ , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had increased hscrp.
men with sexual dysfunction ( poor sexual performance , decreased morning erection , and loss of libido ) had significantly greater cvd risk.
a similar pattern and threshold were identified in the analyses of the relation between testosterone and hscrp.
poor sexual performance , decreased morning erection , and loss of libido had an impact on the testosterone threshold for cvd risk.
the threshold level was higher in men with sexual dysfunction.
further study is required to evaluate the validity of these testosterone thresholds for cvd risk.
we retrospectively explored national data in thailand for reimbursement of all se in elderly patients admitted in the fiscal year 2004-2012.
there were @number@ se in elderly patients.
the national incidence of se was highest at @number@.78patients / 100 , 000 / year in @number@
the average age was @number@.02years and most were males ( @number@ patients ; @percent@ ) .
at discharge , @percent@ of patients had improved and in-hospital mortality rate was @percent@.
in conclusion , the number of cases of se in elderly patients in thailand has been increasing annually.
increasing age was associated with poor outcome in admitted elderly se patients.
the intellectual autonomy of elderly people must be preserved.
this concerns all their senses and more widely the feeling of being alive and being connected to others.
elderly people must have control over their own lives up until the end and we must open ourselves up and accept them in their entirety.
paulette guinchard-kunstler has worked at the highest level to raise awareness of this issue.
an interview with a woman with strong convictions.
methods : this study was exploratory and used mixed methods.
personal emergency response calls were pre-classified according to call model categories identified qualitatively from response call transcripts.
results : emergency medical response services were the preferred response for the majority of medium and high risk calls for both caller types.
older adult callers mainly requested non-emergency medical service responders during medium risk situations.
average call taker response time was calculated using the number-of-speaker-turns and time-in-seconds measures.
care providers and older adults used different conversational strategies when responding to call takers.
the words ' ambulance ' and ' paramedic ' may hold different latent connotations for different callers.
background : hepatitis c virus infection and interferon treatment are often associated with anxiety , depressive symptoms and poor health-related quality of life.
conclusions : the supplementation with silybin-vitamin e -phospholipids complex increased work ability and reduced depression and anxiety in patients treated with peg-ifn and rbv.
trial registration : nct01957319 , first received : @date@ .
last updated : @date@ ( retrospectively registered ) .
semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ family members who had recently been involved in a nursing home to hospital transfer decision.
multiple sub-themes were also identified.
successful execution of motor tasks requires an integration of the perception of one's physical abilities and the perception of the task itself.
we aimed to directly quantify the degree to which older adults misjudge their actual gait ability.
twenty-seven older adults participated and were instructed to walk on a narrow path projected on a treadmill.
we determined their actual ability as the probability of stepping inside the path over a range of path widths and speeds.
better abilities appeared not associated with better judgment.
the present study examined the relationship between executive function ( ef ) and fine motor control in young and older healthy adults.
fine motor control was assessed using @number@ subtests of the purdue pegboard ( unimanual , bimanual , sequencing ) .
for the younger adults , there were no significant correlations between measures of ef and fine motor control.
for the older adults , all efs significantly correlated with all measures of fine motor control.
three separate regressions examined whether planning , swm and set-shifting independently predicted unimanual , bimanual , and sequencing scores for the older adults.
planning was the primary predictor of performance on all three purdue subtests.
planning remained a significant predictor of unimanual performance in the older age group , but not bimanual or sequencing performance.
the findings are discussed in terms of compensation theory , whereby planning is a key compensatory resource for fine motor control in older adults.
importance : the accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid and tau proteins into plaques and tangles is a central feature of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
objective : to assess associations between hallmark ad pathology and novel quantitative neuroimaging markers while being sensitive to white matter myelin content.
we measured whole-brain longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates as well as the myelin water fraction from each of these individuals.
quantitative relaxometry measures were negatively associated with levels of csf biomarkers across brain white matter and in areas preferentially affected in ad.
data analysis was performed from @date@ , to @date@ .
cognition and apoe ε4 carrier status influence the association between aβ and gait speed in elderly individuals without dementia.
presence of ≥2 pain-associated conditions was significantly associated with @number@ of the @number@ pain quality descriptors.
neuropathic descriptors were associated with the greatest number of pain-associated conditions including osteoarthritis of the hand and knee.
strong associations were observed between pain quality and measures of pain severity , interference , and distribution ( p < @number@ ) .
findings from this study indicate that older adults have multiple pain-associated conditions that likely reflect multiple physiological mechanisms for pain.
linking pain qualities with other associated pain characteristics serve to develop a multidimensional approach to geriatric pain assessment.
future research is needed to investigate the physiological mechanisms responsible for the variability in pain qualities endorsed by older adults.
national costs and lost gdp resulting from missing workers due to back problems were also projected.
we projected that @number@ people have lost plys due to back problems in @number@ increasing to @number@ in @number@ ( @percent@ increase ) .
spermidine feeding failed to provide cardioprotection in mice that lack the autophagy-related protein atg5 in cardiomyocytes.
our results suggest a new and feasible strategy for protection against cardiovascular disease.
management of injuries in this subset of patients is expanding well beyond sustaining a patient's ability to perform activities of daily living.
in fact , many older individuals increasingly expect to maintain reasonably high activity levels throughout their lifespan as well as after musculoskeletal injury.
the goal of orthopaedic care in the elderly patient is shifting from simple pain relief toward return to athletic activity.
in pediatric patients , musculoskeletal overuse injuries are common clinical complaints.
recently , the number of youth who are engaged in formal competition has increased.
a national council of youth sports survey found that @number@ million children aged @number@ to @number@ yr participate in some form of organized athletics.
this article will focus on potential risk factors for overuse injuries , including those that are intrinsic and extrinsic in youth athletes.
this is troubling , given the health disparities among incarcerated populations.
however , to date little research has focused on the practice or promotion of health self-management among current and former incarcerated populations.
this study investigates whether older workers have adapted their preferred retirement age to the pension reforms aimed at extending working life.
this finding supports recent concerns regarding the reemergence of social inequality in the retirement process.
we investigated whether the processing-speed hypothesis in aging also explains the unique contribution that cps may have to ef deficits in cvd patients.
structural equation models were used to measure the indirect associations between cvd and @number@ ef task outcomes through a cps factor.
competing indirect links were assessed using the product-of-coefficients ( α β ) approach with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.
results : cvd was significantly , negatively related to cps ( β = @number@ @percent@ ci [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
cps was significantly , positively related to an ef composite score ( β = @number@ @percent@ ci [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
cvd was significantly , negatively related to the ef composite score ( β = @number@ @percent@ ci [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
the indirect links from cvd to the individual measures of the ef composite score via cps were all significant.
cvd most adversely affected tasks of cognitive flexibility and inhibition indirectly through cps.
conclusion : with the present study , we have demonstrated that the processing-speed hypothesis in aging extends to older adult patients with cvd.
reduced cps significantly underlies the link between cvd status and poorer ef.
the beverages did not alter performance parameters during maximal exercise.
supplementation protects against oxidative damage although it enhances nitrative damage in young athletes.
the beverages enhance the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after exercise in young athletes.
we attempted to identify parameters correlated with shim score and to determine the factors affecting cardiovascular risk based on hs-crp levels.
a spearman rank correlation test revealed that age , ams score , ipss and hs-crp levels were significantly correlated with shim score.
age-adjusted analysis revealed that hs-crp and ipss were the independent factors affecting shim score ( r = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
seventeen patients belonged to the moderate to high risk group for cardiovascular disease , whereas the remaining @number@ belonged to the low risk group.
age , ft value and shim score showed significant differences between the two groups.
a multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that shim score was an independent factor affecting cardiovascular risk ( or : @number@ 95%ci : @number@.637-0.995 ) .
methods : the study included @number@ patients aged @number@ ± @number@ with diagnosed af.
a standard statistical comparison and multiple regression analysis using the stepwise method were performed.
results : in patients with af , frailty was @number@ ± @number@ ( tfi ) .
frailty syndrome was diagnosed in @percent@ of the af patients who had a score of @number@ ± @number@
a higher level of ehra score was connected with a smaller degree of the acceptance of the illness p = @number@
conclusions : there is a relationship between the presence of frailty syndrome and the intensity of the symptoms and the acceptance of af.
age and the ehra score permitted higher levels of frailty syndrome to be predicted.
four members of the pax family , pax2 , pax4 , pax6 and pax8 are known to be expressed in the pancreas.
areas covered : in this review , we summarize the ongoing research related to pancreatic pax genes in diabetes mellitus and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
finally , we describe human studies associating variants on pancreatic-expressed pax genes with pancreatic diseases.
acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit , common among adolescents , which may be extended to adulthood.
the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hormonal disorders in women with acne resistance to conventional therapy.
the subjects were non-responsive to classic dermatological treatment or had clinical manifestation of hyperandrogenism.
for statistical analysis we used stata @number@ software.
no statistically significant differences were found for estradiol ( p = 0.588 ) and cortisol ( p = 0.182 ) levels.
in conclusion , refractory acne can be the first sign of systemic illness including polycystic ovary syndrome.
thus , for a correct therapeutic approach it is necessary to interpret the clinical and biochemical elements in correlation with the medical history.
it has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer.
however , the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability.
hs-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent fashion.
flow cytometric analysis revealed that hs-1793 induced g2 / m arrest in the cell cycle progression in hct116 cells.
furthermore , hs-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects than resveratrol in hct116 cells.
in addition , hs-1793 suppressed akt and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase / akt inhibitor ly294002 was found to enhance its induction of apoptosis.
thus , these findings suggest that hs-1793 have potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human colon cancer.
ginger extract is used as an analeptic in herbal medicine and has been reported to exert antioxidant effects.
the aim of this study was to evaluate whether ginger and its pungent constituents modulate these channels and exert antioxidant effects.
in particular , [ @number@ ] -shogaol markedly and dose-dependently inhibited trpc5 currents with an ic50 of value of ~18.3 µm.
furthermore , the strong dose-dependent activation of trpa1 currents by [ @number@ ] -shogaol was abolished by a-967079 ( a selective trpa1 inhibitor ) .
however , ginger extract and its pungent constituents had no effect on trpm7 currents.
pruritus occurs frequently in the elderly population , but it has not been fully defined and its precise prevalence is unknown.
putative causes of pruritus are numerous and patients ' quality of life can be greatly reduced.
in the absence of any specific cause , a diagnosis of senile pruritus is proposed , suggesting that itch is secondary to ageing.
however , the relationship of pruritus with skin ageing and / or neuronal ageing and / or immune ageing is poorly understood.
many treatments have been reported , but are poorly effective.
this paper reviews the literature on senile pruritus , in order to improve understanding of this condition and to enable improved diagnosis and treatment.
the maximal vertical loss in micrometers was determined with profilometer.
introduction of mouthwash instead of water or ethanol solution resulted in a significant reduction in the coefficient of friction.
methods : eighty mesial-occlusal-distal dental cavities were restored with four direct nanohybrid composite materials and with four nano- and micro-hybrid lab-fabricated resin composite inlays.
results : all the dental restorative resin based composites used in this investigation displayed different cyclic wear patterns after undergoing mechanical loading.
only two of direct nanohybrid resin composites performed better after two aging methods.
methods : @number@ senior female residents of l.a. helc nursing home in cracow , poland , were examined.
considering the age , @number@ groups were distinguished : group i - women at the age 71- @number@ and group ii - women aged 81-87.
their balance was assessed with stabilographic platform cq stab 2p.
measurements of the body stability were made in free standing position , with eyes open and eyes closed.
comparison of selected indicators of stability between the groups of the women was made with the mann-whitney u test.
to assess the significance of differences between the results obtained in the test with eyes open and without visual control the wilcoxon test was used.
in the test without the visual control both groups showed statistically significant deterioration in most indicators of stability.
here we investigate transcriptomic changes associated with this impaired adaptive response.
in non-loaded aged bones , down-regulated genes are enriched for mapk , wnt and cell cycle components , including e2f1.
e2f1 is the transcription factor most closely associated with genes down-regulated by ageing and is down-regulated at the protein level in osteocytes.
genes up-regulated in aged bone are enriched for carbohydrate metabolism , tnfα and tgfβ superfamily components.
loading stimulates rapid and sustained transcriptional responses in both age groups.
networks of inter-related transcription factors regulated by e2f1 are loading-responsive in both age groups.
loading regulates genes involved in similar signalling cascades in both age groups , but these responses are more sustained in the young than aged.
autophagy-lysosomal degradation of htt aggregates may protect the neurons in hd.
hd patients eventually manifest parkinsonian-like symptoms , which underlie defects in the dopaminergic system.
da toxicity is mediated by ros production ( mainly anion superoxide ) that elicits a block in the formation of autophagosomes.
the present findings suggest that da-induced impairment of autophagy underlies the parkinsonism in hd patients.
cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of many dangerous parasitic diseases.
it remains a serious public health problem not only in souf oasis , but also in algeria and all developing countries.
in addition , males are more prone to this disease than females ( @percent@ and @percent@ respectively ) .
furthermore , more than @percent@ of all cases ( @number@ cases ) , were record just in one year in @number@
the authors compared cytokine levels , examined demographic and clinical associations , and adjusted for relevant variables with linear models.
results : individuals with schizophrenia had higher levels of tnf-α and il-6 but not ifn-γ than hcs.
age was not related to cytokine levels , and age relationships did not differ between diagnostic groups.
women had higher levels of il-6.
tnf-α and il-6 levels were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms , and adjustment for depression reduced the group effect for both.
within the hcs , tnf-α levels were associated with physical comorbidity and body mass index.
il-6 levels were significantly correlated with body mass index and within schizophrenia patients , with worse mental and physical well-being.
accounting for physical morbidity and mental well-being reduced group differences in tnf-α and il-6 levels , respectively.
worse positive symptoms were associated with higher il-6 levels.
conclusion : higher tnf-α and il-6 levels in schizophrenia patients were associated with depression , physical comorbidity , and mental well-being.
further longitudinal studies are warranted to assess inflammation as a potential treatment target for a subgroup of schizophrenia.
red blood cell storage lesion ( rsl ) is a multifaceted biological phenomenon.
it refers to deterioration in rbc quality that is characterized by lethal and sub-lethal , reversible and irreversible defects.
rsl is influenced by prestorage variables and it might be associated with variable clinical outcomes.
moreover , screening tools for the early detection of good or poor \ "storers \ " and donors have been developed.
in the light of new perspectives , storage time is not the touchstone to rule on the quality of a packed rbc unit.
finally , although each unit of rbcs is probably unique , a metabolic signature of rsl across storage variables might exist.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the most common form of degenerative parkinsonism with a prevalence of @percent@ of those older than @number@ years.
pd is characterized by the combination of slowness of movement ( bradykinesia ) , muscular rigidity , resting tremor , and postural instability.
no mutations in chchd2 were found in our @number@ pd patients.
this result suggests that chchd2 mutations might not be the common cause of pd in south italy.
researching genetic factors involved in parkinson's disease ( pd ) is crucial to increase our knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorder.
a missense mutation has recently been reported within chchd2 , a gene newly associated with autosomal dominant pd.
subsequent studies in different ethnic populations have not reached any conclusive result about the role of chchd2 in pd.
we studied all @number@ exons of chchd2 and their exon-intron boundary regions.
four variants were observed in non-coding regions.
no significant differences were observed in the allele frequencies of these variants between patients and controls.
thus , our study suggests that chchd2 is probably not involved in the etiopathogenesis of pd in our population.
background : in contrast with most developed countries , mortality from acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) continues to rise in china.
we examined secular trends and age , period , and cohort effects in mortality from ami in china from @number@ to @number@
we then conducted an age-period-cohort analysis using the intrinsic estimator approach.
results : there was an upward trend in ami mortality in both urban and rural populations that accelerated from @number@ onwards.
ami mortality increased @number@.6-fold from @number@ to @number@
the net age effect on ami mortality increased exponentially.
there was a v-shaped trend in the net period effect between @number@ and @number@
the sharp increase in ami mortality since @number@ is primarily attributable to population aging and the rise in ami deaths among younger generations.
introduction : atypical femoral fractures ( affs ) are rare but a serious complication associated with prolonged use of bisphosphonates.
however little is known about clinical outcomes of affs.
baseline characteristics of both groups were compared.
the primary outcomes evaluated were level of independence in mobility at discharge and @number@ months after surgery.
results : ten patients ( mean age : @number@ years ) with affs were compared with @number@ matched tffs.
patients with affs were predominantly female ( @percent@ ) and @percent@ had been taking oral bisphosphonate.
nine of the affs had their fractures fixed with an intramedullary ( im ) nail.
only one aff patient treated with plate and screws required surgical revision , compared with none in the tff group.
secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.
conclusion : recovery of mobility and reoperation rates after surgery of patients with affs were favourable and did not differ significantly from tffs.
further consideration should be given to using im fixation in the management of affs in older people.
background : the review of methodological problems ( confounding factors ) of gait analysis in intervention studies with seniors is underrepresented.
the sem and cr results as presented in table @number@ support these findings for some of the parameters.
discussion : plantar pressure values were influenced by gait velocity but less by age and gender.
for dt walking the differences between preferred and fixed gait speed have to be controlled to assign the dt effects.
conclusion : effects of intervention studies should be carefully interpreted regarding the absolute reproducibility.
individuals with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) may be at higher risk of adverse drug events associated with pims ( such as falls ) .
pim use was defined according to finnish criteria.
results : subjects without ad initiated pims more frequently than those with ad ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , respectively ; p < @number@ ) .
the most common pims were muscle relaxants and urinary antispasmodics.
older individuals ( aged ≥75 years ) were less likely to initiate pims.
in the ad group , women were less likely to initiate pims than men.
more comorbidities were associated with pim initiation , especially in the non-ad group.
the use of opioids or psychotropic medicines was associated with pim initiation in both cohorts.
regional differences between university hospital districts were observed.
conclusion : pim initiation was dependent on patient characteristics and possibly also some healthcare system-related factors such as differing regional treatment practices.
subjective closeness and frequency of contact with extended family and friends and negative family interaction were examined in relation to lifetime suicide ideation and attempts.
results : subjective closeness to family and frequency of contact with friends were negatively associated with suicide ideation and attempts.
subjective closeness to friends and negative family interaction were positively associated with suicide ideation and attempts.
significant interactions between social support and negative interaction showed that social support buffers against the harmful effects of negative interaction on suicidality.
conclusions : findings are discussed in relation to the functions of positive and negative social ties in suicidality.
study design : this was a prospective evaluation of @number@ postmenopausal women consecutively recruited from the database of three different investigators.
student's t-test and chi-squared test were used for data analysis as appropriate.
the improvement of related symptoms was significant in all groups at 12-month follow-up.
study design : postmenopausal women with dyspareunia were enrolled in this study.
adverse events were recorded.
a total of @number@ women were included.
of the @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed the 12-week treatment period , and four dropped out for vestibular burning.
dyspareunia improved or was cured ( score ≤1 ) by week @number@ in @percent@ of patients.
the patients also showed a statistically significant reduction in vestibular atrophy and cotton swab test at the end of treatment.
conclusions : application of @percent@ estriol gel to the vulvar vestibule is effective in correcting menopausal coital pain.
this suggests that reduction in sensory vestibular innervation sensitivity is likely to play a pivotal role in the relief of dyspareunia.
as the pre-dementia phase of alzheimer disease , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) involves the onset and development of cognitive impairments.
opioid receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of learning and cognition.
our study focused on the association of oprk1 and oprm1 methylation with mci in xinjiang uygur and han populations.
dna methylation was measured using bisulphite pyrosequencing method.
our results indicated oprk1 was significantly hypermethylated in xinjiang han mci females.
meanwhile , oprm1 cpg1 hypermethylation and cpg2-4 hypomethylation were associated with mci risk in xinjiang uygur and han , respectively.
dual-luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that promoter fragments of oprk1 and oprm1 were able to upregulate gene expression.
in summary , our findings provided novel aspects of oprk1 and oprm1 methylation in xinjiang uygur and han populations.
this helps to explain the hearing-in-noise difficulties often seen in the aging and hearing impaired population.
significant main effects of noise type , snr , and group were found.
interaction effects revealed that the snr effect varies as a function of noise type and is most systematic for continuous noise.
effects of age and hearing loss were limited to caep latency and were differentially modulated by energetic and informational-like masking.
it is clear that the spectrotemporal characteristics of signals and noises play an important role in determining the morphology of neural responses.
effective psychiatric treatments ameliorate excessive anxiety and induce neuroplasticity immediately after the intervention , indicating that emotional components in the human brain are rapidly adaptable.
still , the interplay between structural and functional neuroplasticity is poorly understood , and studies of treatment-induced long-term neuroplasticity are rare.
functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging ( using 3t mri ) was performed in @number@ subjects with social anxiety disorder on @number@ occasions over 1year.
at 1-year follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects were classified as cgi-i responders.
in contrast to previous short-term effects , altered bold activations to self-referential criticism did not separate responder groups at follow-up.
the relevance , validity , and utilization of cognitive frailty , however , is presently unclear.
design : longitudinal study.
setting : population-based cohort ( singapore longitudinal ageing study , slas ) .
participants : two thousand three hundred seventy-five chinese singaporeans aged @number@ and above without dementia and degenerative disorders.
the estimated prevalence of physical frailty with cognitive impairment was @percent@ , and physical pre-frailty with cognitive impairment was @percent@.
this study examined whether geriatric syndromes and their cumulative effects are associated with risks of mortality in community-dwelling older adults.
methods : data were collected from the taiwan longitudinal study in aging in @number@ and the participant survival status was followed until @date@ .
a total of @number@ participants aged ≥65 years were included in this retrospective cohort study ; @number@ died during follow-up.
results : the prevalence of geriatric syndromes increased with age.
geriatric syndromes , such as underweight , functional disability , and depressive condition , contributed to the risk of mortality.
the identification of geriatric syndromes might help to improve comprehensive care for community-dwelling older adults.
mutations in snca are rare causes of familial parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we have previously described a novel p.ala53glu mutation in @number@ finnish families.
only one new individual with the p.ala53glu mutation was identified , confirming that this mutation is a rare cause of pd in the finnish population.
the results show that patients with the p.ala53glu mutation share a haplotype spanning a minimum of @number@ mb suggesting a common founder.
loss of function mutations in rab39b were recently linked to x-linked recessive early-onset parkinsonism with variable degrees of intellectual dysfunction.
postmortem examination of the brain biopsy from a patient carrying the gene deletion revealed widespread α-synuclein pathology.
however , subsequent analyses reported conflict results to replicate the role of rab39b mutations in patients with early-onset parkinsonism.
adult hippocampal neurogenesis involves proliferation , survival , differentiation and integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing neuronal networks.
there is a growing body of evidence that cns resident as well as peripheral immune cells participate in regulating hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
microglial and neuronal crosstalk is mediated in part by cx3cl1 / cx3cr1 signaling and a disruption in this pathway has been associated with impaired neurogenesis.
it has been also reported that microglial neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects in adult neurogenesis occur in a context-dependent manner.
apart from microglia other brain resident and peripheral immune cells including pericytes , perivascular macrophages , mast cells and t-cells also modulate this phenomenon.
it is worth mentioning that under some physiological circumstances such as normal aging there is a significant decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis.
a role for innate and adaptive immune system in adult neurogenesis has been also reported during aging.
here , we review the current evidence regarding neuro-immune interactions in the regulation of neurogenesis under distinct conditions , including aging.
these findings suggest increasing cgg repeat and fmr1 mrna levels have neurotoxic effects on cerebellar regions underlying anticipatory postural responses during stepping.
cerebellar postural changes may be predictive of the increased risk of falls in older pm males.
results : people who used failure words more frequently exhibited shorter subsequent life spans , and this relationship remained significant when controlling for birth year.
furthermore , study @number@ implicated behavioral factors.
for example , the failure / longevity relationship was numerically stronger among people whose causes of death appeared to be preventable rather than non-preventable.
we excluded all articles lacking of surgical cohort and those with main interest in conservative treatment.
of @number@ articles identified , @number@ satisfied selection criteria and were included in our analysis.
results : overall , these studies involved @number@ patients undergoing palliative surgery for mbo caused by pc.
the median age was @number@ ( range 19-93 ) .
relief of symptoms was achieved in @number@.5-100% of cases.
postoperative morbidity ranged between @number@ and @percent@.
mortality was high ( 6-22% ) .
the median survival was longer in surgical patients than in those receiving conservative therapy ( 8-34 vs 4-5 weeks ) .
factors associated with surgery failure were poor performance status , diffuse carcinomatosis , previous radiotherapy , and obstruction of small bowel.
old age was significantly associated with a poor prognosis upon univariate analysis , while this association vanished upon multivariate analysis.
conclusions : surgical palliation can provide relief of obstructive symptoms as well as improved survival in well-selected patients , even if elderly.
background : primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease , and its incidence increases with age.
aims : our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the impact of age on patient outcomes following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
mean postoperative stay was similar between groups ; no major complications and no cases of mortality occurred.
discussion : multiglandular disease is more common in older patients than younger individuals , and minimally invasive approaches are less used in this patient group.
increased surgical risk and paucity of symptoms in these patients sometimes result in a delay in surgical treatment.
conclusions : parathyroidectomy is a safe and effective procedure to perform in elderly patients.
multiglandular disease was found to be more prevalent in older patients , but minimally invasive parathyroidectomy can be performed safely.
surgeons should consider parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism regardless of age.
introduction : colon cancer therapy is primarily surgical.
advanced age does not represent a contraindication to surgery.
materials and methods : we surgically treated @number@ patients for colorectal cancer , aged over @number@
the examined subjects were compromised for various reasons.
we have evaluated the different influences of risk factors in elective and urgency operation.
discussion : several studies have shown that age alone is not a significant prognostic factor in survival after colonic surgery.
the assessment of general conditions in elderly patients , as demonstrated by the literature , is a fundamental moment in the management of colorectal cancer.
conclusions : the surgical choice should be made case by case ( custom-made ) , not based on age only.
aims : anterior mesh rectopexy is a novel surgical technique for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse , a common disorder in female elderly patients.
aim of the study was to evaluate functional outcomes after ventral mesh rectopexy and conventional suture rectopexy.
patients and methods : forty patients have been enrolled in this prospective study.
postoperative outcomes were evaluated through clinical questionnaires , a rigid rectosigmoidoscopy and a defecography , @number@ year after surgery.
better functional results have been achieved compared with conventional suture technique with a trend toward a lower recurrence rate.
background : incisional hernia in aged patients represents a challenge even for experienced surgeons.
the results of a fixation-free incisional hernia repair carried out in elderly patients using a tentacle-shaped implant are reported herewith.
methods : a tentacle-shaped flat mesh with a large central body and integrated arms was used to repair incisional hernia in @number@ elderly patients.
the mesh was placed fixation-free and secured in place through the friction exerted by the tentacles.
all tentacle straps were positioned with a special passer needle.
implant placement was preperitoneal in @number@ patients and retromuscular sublay in five.
results : in a follow-up of @number@ to @number@ months ( mean @number@ months ) , four seromas occurred.
postoperative fast track helped avoid the typical complications affecting this patient subset.
no infection , hematoma , chronic pain , mesh dislocation or recurrence have been reported to date.
discussion : the tentacle strap system allowed for reduced skin incision thus minimizing surgical trauma and ensuring easier and faster implant placement.
conclusion : the tentacle arms of the implant ensured mesh stability and broad defect overlap.
besides a very low complication rate , none of the typical postoperative complications of aged patients occurred.
aim : this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mucosectomy in elderly patients considering the predictive value of submucosal infiltration.
a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ males ( @number@ % ) ; age range = 44-86 ; mean age = @number@ ) were enrolled.
patients were divided in two groups considering @number@ years as cutoff to individuate the elderly patients.
results : emr was performed in @number@ lesions : @number@ were performed en bloc and @number@ by piecemeal technique.
the mean size of the resected specimens was @number@ mm ( range 8-80 mm ) .
the rate of complete resection was @number@ % , incomplete @number@ % , not estimable @number@ %.
ten patients underwent surgery because of an incomplete resection and / or histological evaluation.
conclusions : colon emr is safe and effective in elderly patients.
endoscopy is still helped in the correct indication for surgery in high-risk surgical patients.
background : pancreatic fistula ( pf ) after pancreatoduodenectomy ( pd ) represents the major source of morbidity.
derivative procedures are preferred by pancreatic surgeons , but the optimal management of remnant pancreatic stump remains controversial.
results : a soft pancreatic parenchyma with a not-dilated duct ( diameter < 3 mm ) was reported in all the @number@ patients.
conclusions : prospective randomized controlled trial to better evaluate pf risk factors is needed.
background : breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst elderly women and the main cause of mortality.
a specific management for elderly woman is not clear because clinical trials are usually not customized for this subset of patients.
discussion : the treatment of breast cancer is not standardized in the elderly.
the optimal management in this population often requires complex multidisciplinary supportive care due to multiple comorbidities to optimize their cancer care.
furthermore , they should be extensively investigated through randomized clinical trials.
the rise in human life expectancy has involved declines in intrinsic and extrinsic mortality processes associated , respectively , with senescence and environmental challenges.
to better understand the factors driving this rise , we apply a two-process vitality model to data from the human mortality database.
model parameters yield intrinsic and extrinsic cumulative survival curves from which we derive intrinsic and extrinsic expected life spans ( els ) .
the pooled sample comprised of @number@ individuals.
in most countries hiv prevalence in adults aged @number@ years and above is higher than in the total population.
we further show that over the past decade hiv prevalence has increased in older age groups , while it has decreased in younger ones.
we argue that future dhs and other population-based hiv surveys should offer hiv testing to all adults without age limits.
methods : three hundred and thirty-eight healthy subjects ( @number@ men ; @number@ women ) with no corneal disease underwent an exhaustive ocular examination.
corneal densitometry was expressed in standardized grayscale units ( gsu ) .
results : the mean corneal densitometry over the total area was @time@ ± @number@ gsu.
the pearson correlation coefficient for total densitometry was r = @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
neither mean keratometry nor spherical equivalent was correlated with corneal densitometry in any zone of the cornea ( p > @number@ ) .
corneal densitometry increases with age , but corneal keratometry and refractive parameters do not affect light scattering in the human cornea.
logistic regression analysis is used to analyze the data.
it also finds that some motivations are associated with lower risk of problem gambling.
the findings of this study have implications related to gambling availability within an aging population.
the morphological and biochemical changes in the aging brain are the subjects of many extended research projects worldwide for a long time.
immune aging occurs in the elderly and in autoimmune diseases.
recently , igd study question : are telomere length and telomerase activity associated with biochemical primary ovarian insufficiency ( poi ) ?
summary answer : shortened telomere length and diminished telomerase activity were associated with biochemical poi.
what is known already : poi is a result of pathological reproductive aging and encompasses occult , biochemical and overt stages.
studies have indicated telomere length as a biomarker for biological aging.
the relative telomerase activity ( rta ) in granulosa cells was detected using a modified quantitative-telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay.
wider implications of the findings : these findings suggest that telomere length and telomerase activity may be considered as indicators for progression of ovarian decline.
the authors have no potential conflict of interest to declare.
background : pain has been suggested to act as a stressor during aging , potentially accelerating declines in health and functioning.
our objective was to examine the longitudinal association between self-reported pain and the development , or worsening , of frailty among older men and women.
data from waves @number@ and @number@ of elsa were used in this study with @number@ years of follow-up.
socioeconomic status ( ses ) was assessed using information about the current / most recent occupation and also net wealth.
a frailty index ( fi ) was generated , with the presence of frailty defined as an fi > 0.35.
among those without frailty at wave @number@ the association between pain at wave @number@ and frailty at wave @number@ was examined using logistic regression.
we investigated whether pain predicted change in fi between waves @number@ and @number@ using a negative binomial regression model.
for both models adjustments were made for age , gender , lifestyle factors , depressive symptoms , and socioeconomic factors.
results : at wave @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) men and @number@ ( @percent@ ) women reported they often experienced moderate or severe pain.
of the @number@ participants who were nonfrail at wave @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) were frail by wave @number@
this association persisted after further adjustment for either occupational class and / or net wealth level.
there was no evidence that the association between pain and frailty was influenced by gender.
conclusion : pain is associated with an increased risk and intensity of frailty in older men and women.
socioeconomic factors contribute to the occurrence of frailty ; though in our study do not explain the relationship between pain and frailty.
none : local heating of an extremity increases blood flow and vascular shear stress throughout the arterial tree.
the effect of acute limb heating on dilator function within the atherosclerotic prone vasculature of the lower limbs of aged adults is unknown.
taken together , these data suggest that acute lower limb heating improves both macro- and microvascular dilator function in an age dependent manner.
these findings provide evidence for a potential therapeutic use of chronic lower limb heating to improve vascular health in primary aging and various disease conditions.
none : the development of pain is common in midlife , resulting in increased health care utilization and costs.
we conducted analyses on a community-based , longitudinal cohort of women enrolled in the study of women's health across the nation.
the primary exposure was time to / from the fmp.
we performed within-person trajectory analyses using piecewise regression following nonparametric modeling of functional forms.
mean bodily pain score at the time of the fmp was @number@
perspective : this article shows that bodily pain increases during the transmenopause and then diminishes during postmenopause.
these differences may reflect differences in underlying mechanisms of pain in the @number@ periods.
although mean changes were small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful , the magnitude of change varied across subgroups of women.
t2 of the deep and superficial femorotibial cartilages was determined in @number@ femorotibial subregions , using a multi-echo spin-echo ( mese ) mri sequence.
however , no relevant sex- or age-dependence of cartilage t2 was observed between age 45-78 years.
we hypothesize that patient demographic factors assessable by the clinician at fracture presentation can predict nonunion.
methods : a prospective cohort study design was used to examine ~2.5 million medicare patients nationwide.
a stepwise regression analysis was used which dropped variables from analysis if they did not contribute sufficient explanatory power.
results : overall , @number@ medicare patients had @number@ fractures and @percent@ of fractures were nonunion.
patients with healed fracture ( age @number@.0±12.7sd ) were older ( p < 0.0001 ) than patients with nonunion ( age @number@.2±13.4sd ) .
patients with fracture in @number@ of @number@ bones were significantly more likely to die within one year of fracture ( p < 0.0001 ) .
stepwise regression yielded a predictive nonunion model with @number@ significant explanatory variables ( all , p≤0.003 ) .
strength of this model was assessed using an area under the curve ( auc ) calculation , and out-of-sample auc = 0.710.
conclusions : a logistic model predicted nonunion with reasonable accuracy ( auc = 0.725 ) .
within the medicare population , nonunion patients were younger than patients who healed normally.
nonunion prediction requires knowledge of @number@ patient variables but predictive accuracy is currently comparable to the framingham cardiovascular risk prediction.
the variability of force is indicative of the biological variability inherent in the human motor system.
previous literature showed inconsistent findings of the effect of age on the variability of force and hence a systematic review was performed.
twenty studies were included in this systematic review , of which twelve provided sufficient data to determine effect sizes for the effect of age.
after determining the pooled effect size , the effect of sample size on dichotomized effect sizes ( significant vs. non-significant ) was determined.
new technologies allow the non-invasive assessement of various biomechanical and biological aspects of arterial ageing.
puberty is a critical period of development during which sexual maturity is attained.
it is also a critical period for brain reorganization and it is vulnerable to exposure to certain environmental factors.
exposure to stress during this period can cause enduring neural and behavioral alterations.
the present review examines the enduring effect of exposure to lps and poly ( i : c ) during the pubertal period.
age and sex differences in acute response to lps are discussed as possible mechanisms of vulnerability to adverse effects.
moreover , this review suggests new research directions to improve our understanding of the vulnerability of the pubertal period to immunological stressors.
we then explore biological hypotheses as well as many mathematical models in the literature that attempt to explain these patterns.
a general modeling framework is presented which is general enough to model most of observed behaviors.
it is our belief that this model has sufficient flexibility to be adapted to new information as it is discovered.
as one application of this framework , we give a model for the effect of aging on the process of carcinogenesis.
background : physical impairments and activity restrictions cause significant morbidity after surgery for sarcoma.
results : eighteen articles were included.
surgery had a significant impact on outcomes ( p < @number@ ) .
few studies investigated reliability ( n = @number@ ) and sensitivity to change ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : there is a deficit of studies quantifying balance , gait and pa in patients with lower extremity sarcoma.
studies did not use consistent , valid and reliable instruments.
there is an urgent need to develop novel objective measures of physical functioning in this patient group to encourage evidence-based clinical care.
we applied a novel , automated method for measurement of hippocampal subfields and extrahippocampal mtl cortical regions.
in general , patterns of atrophy in the pseudolongitudinal analysis largely recapitulated braak staging of nfts within the mtl.
a subset of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) occurrence shows autosomal dominant , familial inheritance patterns.
the average age at onset of this family was @number@ years.
the f388l mutation locates adjacent to the critical catalytic aspartate site ( d385 ) of ps1.
our results identify a novel pathogenic ps1 f388l mutation in a chinese fad family.
methods : the study was performed in @number@ community residents ( @number@ women , aged ≥65years ) who participated in the shanghai heart health study.
demographic , laboratory and echocardiographic data were obtained to analyze correlates of lvdd and hfpef using univariate and multivariate logistic analysis.
hfpef prevalence was @percent@ ( 35 / 1274 ) , and increased with aging in the whole cohort.
conclusions : lvdd is common in this community elderly population , and hfpef is also not rare.
different factors played roles in different stages of hfpef.
future studies are warranted to explore the predictors of lvdd and hfpef in the community elderly.
background : knowledge of individual-level trajectories of health services consumption ( hsc ) at end-of-life ( eol ) is scarce.
such research is needed for understanding and planning health expenditures.
objective : to explore individual-level eol trajectories in the israeli population.
this approach differs from past studies which aggregated across populations or disease groups.
design : hsc per quarter was calculated for each individual.
trajectory-types of hsc were described through k-means cluster analysis.
extraction methods : data were extracted from computerized hmo files.
hsc was computed as a standardized function of hmo costs for each individual.
results : in both samples , low hsc trajectories were the most common.
in contrast , the most common trajectory among the living was a flat low hsc.
clusters differed significantly by sex , disease status , and age.
however , hiv remains complex , presenting unique characteristics distinguishing it from other long-term conditions ( ltcs ) .
our aim in this qualitative descriptive study was to identify and explore these features in the context of ltcs.
a focus group ( fg ) method was used to gather the views and experiences of multi-professional hiv specialists who worked in north west england.
twenty-four staff participated in fgs ( n = @number@ ) , which were audio recorded , manually transcribed , and thematically analyzed.
we concluded that these distinguishing features hindered full recognition and acceptance of hiv as an ltc.
background : in changing higher education environments , medical educators are increasingly challenged to prepare new doctors to care for ageing populations.
oxidatively modified proteins nearly always have altered structure and function.
this technique nearly always employs mass spectrometry as the major platform to achieve the goals of identifying the target proteins.
once identified , oxidatively modified proteins can be placed in specific molecular pathways to provide insights into protein oxidation and human disease.
both original research and review articles are included in this forum on redox proteomics.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 277-279.
few published reports examine the development of holistic face processing across the lifespan such that face-specific processes are adequately differentiated from general developmental effects.
young adults showed large composite effects for faces , but none for watches.
in contrast , older adults and children showed composite effects for both faces and watches , although the effects for faces were larger.
the study also underscores the importance of including comparable complex objects when investigating face processing across the lifespan.
background : negative self-perceptions of aging among older adults have been associated with higher mortality in developed countries.
however , it is unclear whether an association exists in developing countries where living to older age is more selective.
these associations were only slightly attenuated when covariates were adjusted , but non-significant once baseline health was further controlled for.
the association was only slightly diminished-and many remained statistically significant-with further adjustments for psychological disposition and baseline health.
conclusions : self-perceived uselessness is associated with higher mortality risks in older adults in china.
the association is stronger in men than in women and persists at very old ages.
background : schizophrenia is linked with early medical comorbidity and mortality.
one putative marker of biological aging is leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) , which typically shortens with age.
no significant overall effect of diagnosis on the rate of decline was detected.
discussion : gender , not the diagnosis of schizophrenia , was the major factor involved with ltl shortening across the age range studied.
we discuss the constraints of a cross-sectional design and other methodological issues , and indicate future directions.
understanding the impact of schizophrenia on biological aging will require separate evaluations in men and women.
objective : low hemoglobin negatively affects health in the elderly , but research about the association with risk for depression is limited.
we investigated the association between baseline hemoglobin concentrations and incident depression in a cohort of nondepressed elderly individuals.
the association between baseline hemoglobin and depression was assessed with adjusted cox regression analyses.
moreover , hemoglobin concentration was measured at follow-up , and changes in concentration from baseline to follow-up were investigated.
depression was defined by a score of ≥ @date@ on the validated geriatric depression scale and confirmed by psychogeriatric specialists.
conclusions : low baseline hemoglobin strongly predicted incident depression in older men , but not in women.​.
background : as kidney and brain functions decline with aging , chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and dementia are becoming increasing health burdens worldwide.
among the risk factors for cognitive impairment , ckd is increasingly recognized.
the precise impact of ckd on the development of cognitive impairment is poorly understood.
results : kidney function , vascular risk factors and cognitive performance were highly stable both in ckd and control patients.
in multivariable regression analyses , high age ( β = @number@ 95%ci = @number@ to @number@ p = @number@ ) predicted decrease in cognitive performance.
conclusions : in this well-defined cohort receiving state-of-the-art therapy , cognitive performance did not decrease over @number@ years.
our data emphasize the aspect of risk factor control , suggesting that dedicated medical care might prevent cognitive decline in ckd patients.
in multiple studies dna methylation has proven to be an accurate biomarker of age.
to develop these biomarkers , the methylation of multiple cpg sites is typically linearly combined to predict chronological age.
by contrast , in this study we apply the universal pacemaker ( upm ) model to investigate changes in dna methylation during aging.
the upm was initially developed to study rate acceleration / deceleration in sequence evolution.
the decision is made by comparing two competing likelihood based models , the molecular clock ( mc ) and upm.
we first tested our algorithm on simulated data to elucidate the factors affecting the identification of the pacemaker model.
based on these results , we applied our method to dna methylation data from human blood from individuals of various ages.
the pacemaker results also suggest a decay in the rate of change in dna methylation with age.
design : this is a cross-sectional observational study of cognitive activities and neurocognitive function.
conclusion : greater frequency of cognitive activity is associated with better neurocognitive function in older persons with hiv , particularly older blacks.
longitudinal studies are needed to assess the relation of cognitive activity to change in neurocognitive function in older persons with hiv.
purpose : astrocytes perform a plethora of important functions in the central nervous system ( cns ) and are involved in cocaine-evoked synaptic plasticity.
results : cocaine at @number@ and @number@ μm significantly increased human astrocyte proliferation.
gene expression profiling revealed the jnk map kinase pathway as a driver of cell proliferation affected by cocaine in human astrocytes.
further experiments showed that cocaine-induced jnk activation induced up-regulation of cyclin a2 , leading to enhanced proliferation of human astrocytes.
conclusion : cocaine-induced abnormal increases in the number of astrocytes may cause disruption in neuron-glia signaling and contribute to synaptic impairment in the cns.
understanding the mechanisms of cocaine's effects on human astrocytes may help to reveal the involvement of glial cells in addictive behaviors.
neuropathological changes associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) precede symptom onset by more than a decade.
possession of an apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset ad.
few studies , however , have examined long-term , longitudinal , anatomical brain changes comparing healthy ɛ4 + and ɛ4- individuals.
cognitively intact participants , ages 65-85 at study entry , underwent repeat anatomical mri scans on three occasions : baseline , @number@ and @number@ years.
results indicated no between-group volumetric differences at baseline.
greater loss in grey matter volumes in ɛ4 + participants were accompanied by greater increases in lateral , third , and fourth ventricular volumes.
rate of change in white matter volumes did not differentiate the groups.
this is in contrast to what is observed in healthy middle-aged and older aerobic exercise-trained men.
the need for an increased role of social workers in community development interventions is explored and strategies are suggested.
in addition , women completed a visual tracking task during which heart rate variability and attentional capacity were assessed.
results : multilevel mixed modeling analyses revealed that greater ea predicted greater suppression and avoidance only among women with higher attentional capacity.
similarly , greater ea predicted greater use of suppression , but only among women with greater vagal flexibility.
conclusion : childhood adversity may predispose individuals with high neurobiological sensitivity to a lifetime of maladaptive coping.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of electronic data from the prospective modena hiv metabolic clinic cohort study.
we included the last clinical observation for each patient from @date@ to @date@ .
polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications ( excluding art ) .
multi-morbidity was classified as the presence of two or more non-infectious comorbidities.
factors associated with different art regimens were analysed using multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses with multi-tablet three-drug regimens as the reference.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ females ) were included in the analysis.
this association was not found comparing multi-tablet three-drug regimens and less-drug regimens.
conclusions : single-tablet regimens are less likely to be prescribed in patients with polypharmacy.
single-tablet regimens are perceived to be less flexible in patients with multi-morbidity and at higher risk of drug-drug interaction.
methods : this qualitative description explored the perceptions of physical activity among older adults living in two rural communities in the canadian province of saskatchewan.
semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ adults aged 69-94.
using content analysis techniques , transcribed interview data were coded and categorized.
the most common perceived environmental barrier to engaging in physical activity was the fear of falling , particularly on the ice during the winter months.
method : the study sample comprised @number@ community-dwelling older adults aged ⩾65 years from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
results : poorer delayed recall performance at baseline predicted a steeper increase in depressed affect over time.
steeper decline in processing speed correlated with a steeper increase in somatic symptoms of depression over time.
somatic symptoms of depression increased concurrently with declining processing speed , which may reflect common neurodegenerative processes.
our findings do not support the hypothesis that depression symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline in the general population.
these findings have potential implications for the treatment of late-life depression and for the prognosis of cognitive outcomes.
the accumulation of cerebral amyloid βpeptide ( aβ ) is a key precipitating factor for neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
some of these changes in the enzyme properties are due to their reduced expression and / or structural modification by reactive oxygen species.
the aim of this study is to highlight in vivo anatomical and functional changes in early stages of pvd allowing the correct treatment.
modern techniques using fourier spectral analysis of the reflected light enhance axial resolution to 5-10 μm , almost matching classic histological sections.
integrating these sections , oct can reconstruct three-dimensional tissue anatomy.
full-field electroretinogram ( erg ) evaluates the function of the entire retina evoked by a flash light.
the cone response of full-field erg is a marker of retinal damage in macular pathology due to pvd.
conclusions : correct understanding of vitreoretinal anatomic and functional changes due to posterior vitreous detachment is essential for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
with the rise of aging population , clinical concern and research attention has shifted towards neuroimaging of dementia.
however , fewer studies have comparatively studied the angiogenic efficacy of mscs derived from different tissues sources.
here , we evaluated whether the in-situ environment would affect the angiogenic potential of mscs.
then we comparatively studied their endothelial differentiation capabilities and paracrine actions side by side in vitro.
results : our data showed that umscs and pmscs fitted well with the minimum standard of mscs as well as bmscs and amscs.
besides , several angiogenic genes were upregulated in bmscs and pmscs in comparison with amscs and umscs.
moreover , enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay further confirmed that bmscs secreted much more vegf , and pmscs secreted much more hgf and pge2.
our study suggested that mscs derived from bone marrow and placental chorionic villi might be preferred in clinical application for therapeutic angiogenesis.
background : chiroptera , the bats , are the only order of mammals capable of true self-powered flight.
little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving their extended longevity particularly at the levels of gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation.
results : we identified @number@ mirna gene candidates from bats , of which @number@ unique mature mirna were obtained.
additionally , a genome-wide comparison of mrna transcriptomes across species also revealed specific gene expression patterns in bats.
@number@ up-regulated genes were enriched mainly in mitotic cell cycle and dna repair mechanisms , while @number@ down-regulated genes were involved primarily in mitochondrial activity.
background : heart failure ( hf ) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in south korea.
with the rapidly aging population in the country , the prevalence of hf and its associated costs are expected to rise continuously.
this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and economic burden of hf in order to understand its impact on our society.
methods : a prevalence-based , cost-of-illness study was conducted using the @number@ health insurance review and assessment service-national patients sample ( hira-nps ) data.
subgroup analyses were conducted by age group , history of hf hospitalization , and type of universal health security program enrolled in.
results : a total of @number@ adults were identified to have hf in @number@
the estimated prevalence rate of hf was @number@ persons per @number@ adults.
an effective disease management protocol should be employed to target this patient group.
background : mucormycosis has emerged as a rare but frequently fatal invasive fungal disease.
current knowledge on paediatric mucormycosis is based on case reports and small series reported over several decades.
contemporary data on a large cohort of patients is lacking.
methods : two large international registries ( zygomyco.net and fungiscope™ ) were searched for mucormycosis cases in ≤19 year-old patients.
cases enrolled between @number@ and @number@ were extracted , and dual entries in the two databases merged.
epidemiology , clinical characteristics , diagnostic procedures , therapeutic management and final outcome were recorded and analysed with spss @date@ .
median age was @number@ years [ interquartile range ( iqr ) @number@ ] with a slight predominance ( @number@ % ) of females.
neutropenia was recorded in @number@ % of the patients.
disseminated infection was present in @number@ %.
mucormycosis diagnosis was based on several combinations of methods ; culture combined with histology was performed in @number@ cases ( @number@ % ) .
fungal isolates included rhizopus spp.
( @number@ % ) , lichtheimia spp.
( @number@ % ) , mucor spp.
( @number@ % ) , cunninghamella bertholletiae ( @number@ % ) and unspecified ( @number@ % ) .
surgery alone was performed in @number@ % , and combined with antifungal therapy in @number@ %.
crude mortality at last contact of follow-up was @number@ %.
outcome is improved when active antifungal therapy and surgery are combined.
none : how does the robust control of walking and balance break down during a fall ?
we found that subjects who fell recruited fewer muscle synergies than those who recovered , suggesting a smaller motor repertoire.
therefore , the ability to coordinate muscle activity around the knee in a timely manner may be critical to avoiding falls from slips.
these results are the first step in determining the causation of falls from the perspective of muscle coordination.
they suggest that there may be a neuromuscular basis for falls that could provide new insights into treatment and prevention.
further research comparing the muscle coordination and mechanics of falls and recoveries within subjects is necessary to establish the neuromuscular causation of falls.
previous work has focused on muscle coordination during successful balance recoveries or the kinematics and kinetics of falls.
none : schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder manifested in early adulthood.
( disc1 ) is a susceptible gene for schizophrenia ( hodgkinson et al.
@number@ millar et al.
@number@ st clair et al.
@number@ ) implicated in neuronal development , brain maturation , and neuroplasticity ( brandon and sawa @number@ chubb et al.
@number@ ) .
interestingly , caveolin-1 ( cav-1 ) , a cholesterol binding and scaffolding protein , regulates neuronal signal transduction and promotes neuroplasticity.
in this study we examined the role of cav-1 in mediating disc1 expression in neurons in vitro and the hippocampus in vivo.
similarly , syncav1-transfected differentiated human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells ( hipscs ) exhibited increased expression of disc1 and markers of synaptic plasticity.
conversely , hippocampi from cav-1 knockout ( ko ) exhibited decreased expression of disc1 and proteins involved in synaptic plasticity.
furthermore , we found that cav-1 coimmunoprecipitated with disc1 in brain tissue.
these findings suggest an important role by which neuron-targeted cav-1 regulates disc1 neurobiology with implications for synaptic plasticity.
therefore , syncav1 might be a potential therapeutic target for restoring neuronal function in schizophrenia.
new & noteworthy : the present study is the first to demonstrate that caveolin-1 can regulate disc1 expression in neuronal models.
these findings justify further investigation regarding the modulatory role by caveolin on synaptic function and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia.
background : thyroid disease and hyperparathyroidism are the most common endocrine disorders.
enrolled patients were divided into two study groups of patients affected by hyperparathyroidism with or without a concomitant thyroid disease.
the group , who underwent parathyroidectomy associated with thyroidectomy , had no greater complications than the group receiving only parathyroidectomy.
conclusions : thyroid disease must be excluded in patients affected by hyperparathyroidism.
despite dtc patients have a favorable prognosis , aggressive disease is more frequently observed in the elderly showing a higher disease-specific mortality.
this implies a careful evaluation of thyroid nodules in this group of patients in order to exclude malignancy.
here , we will attempt to review new molecular approaches , which are currently being exploited in order to ameliorate the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
methods : the registry consisted of data from @number@ patients treated with coronary interventions using either des-i or des-ii stents.
for our study , we defined patients ≥70 years of age as elderly.
we evaluated any major adverse cardiac and cerebral events ( macce ) at 12-month follow-up.
results : coronary angiography revealed a higher incidence of multivessel coronary artery disease in this elderly patient population.
elderly patients experienced more in-hospital bleeding complications requiring blood transfusion ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
resuscitated cardiac arrests ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) were observed more often in this elderly patients during hospitalization.
the composite in-hospital macce rates did not differ statistically between both groups ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
the use of new-generation des reduced the risk of mi in the elderly population.
we already described an alternative technique of temporary percutaneous ileostomy ( tpi ) , which can be removed without surgery.
aims : we analyse the outcomes and the costs of the tpi in protecting low colorectal anastomosis in elderly , compared to the cli.
sixty-one out of @number@ patients were older than @number@ @number@ underwent faecal diversion by tpi and @number@ by cli.
results : the two groups resulted homogenous about age , sex , operative time , short-term post-operative complications.
of the patients reported anastomotic leakage.
the hospital stay and the cost for the first surgical procedure did not show statistically significant differences between tpi and cli.
conclusion : the tpi not only improved the post-operative outcome of the patients , but also allowed a remarkable saving for the national health system.
telomere length ( tl ) is associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases.
terminal restriction fragment analysis was additionally performed in a subsample to obtain absolute tl in base pairs.
tl measurements across panels were standardized by z-transformation.
a smoking index based on the seven loci showed monotonic associations with tl , cumulative smoking exposure and time after smoking cessation.
in conclusion , our study supports suggestions that epigenetic alterations could play a role in smoking-associated disproportionate aging as reflected by tl.
recent gwas and network analyses have also implicated cbp as the most connected gene in protein-protein interactions in human type @number@ diabetes.
the present studies address mechanisms mediating the role of cbp in diabetes by inhibiting hypothalamic cbp using a cre-lox strategy.
inhibition of hypothalamic cbp results in profound obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis , increased food intake , and decreased body temperature.
methods : we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study which included @number@ ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) older korean adults aged ≥65 years.
both the lowest quintile for each parameter ( ethnic-specific cutoff ) and fnih-recommended values were used as cutoffs.
results : forty men ( @percent@ ) and @number@ women ( @percent@ ) died during 6-year follow-up.
the deceased subjects were older and had lower asm , handgrip strength , and walking velocity.
however , these significant associations were not observed in women.
in terms of cutoffs of each parameter , using the lowest quintile showed better predictive values in mortality than using the fnih-recommended values.
moreover , new muscle mass index , asm / bmi , provided better prognostic values than asm / height2 in all associations.
conclusions : new sarcopenia definition by fnih was better able to predict 6-year mortality among korean men.
moreover , ethnic-specific cutoffs , the lowest quintile for each parameter , predicted the higher risk of mortality than the fnih-recommended values.
gaining insights into genetic predisposition to age-related diseases and lifespan is a challenging task complicated by the elusive role of evolution in these phenotypes.
to gain more insights , we combined methods of genome-wide and candidate-gene studies.
genome-wide scan in the atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) study ( n = @number@ ) was used to pre-select promising loci.
we leveraged the analyses of pleiotropy , age-related heterogeneity , and causal inferences.
this allele also significantly influences each of two diseases , diabetes and cancer , in antagonistic fashion in different populations.
combined significance of the pleiotropic effects was p = @number@.6×10-21.
causal mediation analyses show that endophenotypes explained only small fractions of these effects.
this locus harbors an evolutionary conserved gene-desert region with non-coding intergenic sequences likely involved in regulation of protein-coding flanking genes zeb2 and acvr2a.
this region is intensively studied for mutations causing severe developmental / genetic disorders.
our analyses indicate a promising target region for interventions aimed to reduce risks of many major human diseases and mortality.
treatment modalities include extra cranial , transcranial , or combined craniofacial approaches.
the combined approach is considered the best treatment choice.
methods : twelve patients with fmec aging from @number@ months to @number@ years were treated by single-stage combined craniofacial approach between @date@ and @date@ .
they were followed up for evaluation of outcome and detection of complications.
results : seven patients ( @percent@ ) were males and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were females.
eight patients ( @percent@ ) were less than @number@ years while @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were between @number@ and @number@ years.
excision of the mass with dural repair , craniofacial reconstruction , and medial canthopexy were done for all patients.
venticuloperitoneal shunt was done before correction of fmec in one patient ( @percent@ ) .
the follow-up period ranged from @number@ to @number@ months with mean @number@ months.
the esthetic results were satisfactory in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
ugly facial scars were recorded in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : early surgical management for fmec is advisable to avoid deleterious effects on facial growth.
meticulous perioperative care is important for successful surgery.
the authors recommend combined craniofacial approach to achieve good outcome and decrease the incidence of complications.
several large cohort studies have disclosed the trajectories of sex steroids changes overtime in men and their clinical significance.
at present , the biochemical finding of t deficiency alone is not sufficient for diagnosing hypogonadism in older men.
asthma in the elderly ( > 65 yr old ) is common and associated with higher morbidity and mortality than asthma in younger patients.
the poor outcomes in this group are due , in part , to underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
there are a variety of factors related to aging itself that affect the presentation of asthma in the elderly and influence diagnosis and management.
structural changes in the aging lung superimposed on structural changes due to asthma itself can worsen the disease and physiologic function.
changes in the aging immune system influence the cellular composition and function in asthmatic airways.
these processes and differences from younger individuals with asthma are not well understood.
future efforts to understand asthma in the elderly must include geriatric-specific methodology to diagnose , characterize , monitor , and treat their disease.
indicators of social isolation were combined into scales assessing social disconnectedness and perceived isolation.
we tested the hypothesized model of social isolation , including both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation , after sci using structural equation modeling.
perceived isolation was significantly related with social disconnectedness ( standardized coefficient [ r ] = @number@ ) .
several exogenous factors were significantly related to social disconnectedness and perceived isolation.
older participants were more likely to report lower levels of perceived isolation.
time since injury demonstrated an inverse relationship with both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation.
higher level and severity of injury were associated with higher levels of social disconnectedness.
conclusion : our study establishes a stable model of social isolation to guide future research exploring the effect of social isolation on health after sci.
( psycinfo database record in @number@ experiments , we examined reliance on age stereotypes when reconstructing the sources of statements.
two sources presented statements ( half typical for a young adult , half for an old adult ) .
afterward , the sources ' ages-23 and @number@ years-were revealed and participants completed a source-monitoring task requiring attribution of statements to the sources.
thereby , people retrospectively described the sources as having made more statements that fit with stereotypes about their age group than they had truly made.
furthermore , older adults with better source memory were less biased than those with poorer source memory.
similarly , younger adults ' age-stereotype reliance was larger when source memory was impaired in experiment @number@
it is unknown if habitual attention , involving incidental probabilistic learning , is preserved in older adults.
here we isolated habitual attention from context processing in young and older adults.
in addition , habitual attention was strongly viewer-centered in both young and older adults.
the demonstration of preserved viewer-centered habitual attention in older adults suggests that it may be used to counter declines in controlled attention.
this , in turn , suggests the importance , for older adults , of maintaining habit-related spatial arrangements.
in addition , this ability seems to share unique variance with reasoning.
linear mixed-effects models revealed transfer effects on spatial episodic memory and reasoning that were still observed @number@ months after training.
these findings showed older adults ' impaired ability to use controlled retrieval to avoid proactive and retroactive interference.
in study @number@ we replicated these age differences in a dual-list paradigm with semantically associated lists.
in study @number@ we found that older adults ' broader retrieval initiation generalized when they were given twice the encoding time compared with study @number@
overall , these findings demonstrate adult age differences in the controlled retrieval of temporal context in hierarchically structured events.
here , age differences in this discrimination process were assessed by manipulating the overlap between cues present at encoding and retrieval orthogonally with cue-target distinctiveness.
in experiment @number@ age-group differences in associative memory were left to vary and retrieval efficiency was assessed through accuracy.
both experiments showed age-invariance in memory-as-discrimination : cues increasing encoding-retrieval match did not benefit memory unless they also improved discrimination between the target and competitors.
it is not clear whether these results generalize to other types of rewards.
to investigate this , we examined adult age differences in @number@ healthy participants aged @number@ to @number@
these findings suggest that older adults may be more motivated than young adults to obtain social and health rewards immediately and with certainty.
we showed members of a national u.s. life-span panel a hypothetical scenario about a failing plan that was halfway complete.
second , older age was associated with greater willingness to cancel the failing plan across all @number@ groups.
third , we found that introspection processes helped to explain the effectiveness of the interventions.
fourth , we found that introspection processes were related to age differences in decisions.
older people were less likely to mention future-oriented thoughts of eventual success associated with greater willingness to continue the failing plan.
we discuss factors to consider when designing interventions for reducing sunk-cost bias.
( psycinfo database record psychological theories of aging highlight the importance of social context.
aging meta-perceptions are differentiated into the cognitive and affective components of ageism.
however , less work examines within-person soc variation.
this study examined whether variation over @number@ days in everyday soc was associated with happiness in a sample of @number@ adults ages 22-94.
age differences in this relationship , the moderating effects of health , and lagged effects were also examined.
on days in which middle-age and older adults and individuals with lower health used more soc , they also reported greater happiness.
lagged effects indicated lower happiness led to greater subsequent soc usage.
( psycinfo database record engagement in cognitively demanding activities has a positive impact on cognitive health in older adults.
previous work , however , has suggested that the costs associated with engagement increase in later life and influence motivation.
we examined how subjective perceptions of these costs varied with age and influenced task engagement.
we tested @number@ older ( ages 65-84 ) and @number@ younger ( 20-42 ) adults on a working memory task.
systolic blood pressure responsivity ( sbp-r ; reflective of effort ) and subjective perceptions of task difficulty were assessed.
more important , this impact was specific to subjective perceptions of cognitive costs.
a second purpose was to determine whether negative emotions mediate the hypothesized link between risky family processes and diminished telomere length.
method : participants were @number@ adolescents ( age @number@ years at the first assessment ) and their primary caregivers.
we present a cohort-sequential latent growth model assessing patterns of mean-level change due to both aging and cohort effects.
extraversion decreased as people aged , with the most pronounced declines occurring in young adulthood , and then again in old age.
agreeableness , indexed with a measure focusing on empathy , decreased in young adulthood and remained relatively unchanged thereafter.
conscientiousness increased among young adults then leveled off and remained fairly consistent for the rest of the adult life span.
neuroticism and openness to experience decreased as people aged.
honesty-humility showed a pronounced and consistent increase across the adult life span.
these analyses of large-scale longitudinal national probability panel data indicate that different dimensions of personality follow distinct developmental processes throughout adulthood.
the mann-whitney u test was used to analyze sex-related differences in the number of medications used among age-stratified subgroups.
the self-reported prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the average number of medications per subject was @number@ and it was higher in women ( @number@ ) than in men ( @number@ ) .
a total of @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) reported using ≥5 medications.
only @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) reported not using any medication.
according to the beers criteria , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the medications were potentially inappropriate.
conclusions. : the use of inappropriate medications is a major problem among older adults in bogota.
although most individuals experiencing cognitive impairment ( ci ) reside with a caregiver , an estimated @number@ live alone.
such individuals may have an increased risk for injury to self or others through self-neglect as a result of the ci symptoms.
by using the national health & aging trends study data set , the researchers explored the characteristics to describe this population.
further , the majority of persons living alone with ci relied on adult children and paid professionals as the primary care providers.
indeed , factors in the circulation have been shown to modulate ageing and to rejuvenate numerous organs , including the brain.
parkinson's disease is a debilitating , age-associated movement disorder.
advances in genetics and experimental model systems have illuminated an important role for defects in intracellular transport pathways to lysosomes.
the accumulation of altered proteins and damaged mitochondria , particularly at axon terminals , ultimately might overwhelm the capacity of intracellular disposal mechanisms.
cell-extrinsic mechanisms , including inflammation and prion-like spreading , are proposed to have both protective and deleterious functions in parkinson's disease.
results : performance on the ravlt trial @number@ and af were very similar to comparable groups studied previously ; clsa sample sizes were far larger.
within the clsa tracking cohort , main effects of age and language were observed for all cognitive measures except ravlt delayed recall.
interaction effects ( language × age ) were observed for af.
conclusion : this preliminary examination of the clsa tracking cognitive measures lends support to their use in large studies of aging.
it also correlates with depression and dementia , and can contribute to considerable caregiver stress and burnout.
while symptoms can be relieved by decreasing doses or number of anti-pd medications , this may lead to an unacceptable worsening of motor function.
of these , clozapine is effective but is associated with a poor side-effect profile and the necessity for frequent blood draws.
clinicians prefer quetiapine for its theoretically better safety profile , although there is no evidence for efficacy in treating psychosis.
all atypical antipsychotics are associated with increased mortality in this patient population.
cholinesterase inhibitors can ameliorate psychosis symptoms.
however , most initiatives aimed at reducing the use of these medications have overlooked assisted living ( al ) settings.
research nurses completed comprehensive resident assessments at baseline ( 2006-2007 ) .
facility-level factors were assessed using standardized administrator interviews.
generalized linear models were used to estimate odds ratios for associations , accounting for clustering by facility.
prevalence of potentially inappropriate use was similar in al and ltc ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
background : the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) is still a common objective of electrocardiography ( ecg ) in clinical practice.
ecg indices for detection of lvh have insufficient predictive values in geriatric subjects and should therefore not be used clinically for this purpose.
background : secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly fragile patients presents clinical difficulties due to severity of symptoms and related comorbidity.
the optimal surgical approach for this group of patients is still debated.
aim : the aim of the study was to define the optimal technique of parathyroidectomy in elderly patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
methods : retrospective analysis in a series of @number@ patients including @number@ elderly individuals at a single institution was carried out.
postoperative parathyroid hormone decrease , surgical complications and symptoms control were analyzed for all patients in relation to the types of parathyroidectomy performed.
results : in elderly patients , total parathyroidectomy was the most used approach.
subtotal parathyroidectomy was mostly reserved for younger patients suitable for kidney transplantation.
no elderly patients treated with total parathyroidectomy were autotransplanted.
no significant difference in surgical complications was observed between younger and elderly patients and considering the different procedures.
adequate symptom control after surgery was achieved in almost @percent@ of patients.
a limited rate of recurrence requiring repeat surgery was observed only after subtotal parathyroidectomy.
background : diverticular disease of the colon also affects older people.
generally , older patients with diverticulitis may be regarded as too risky to undergo surgery.
patients and method : we hospitalized in urgency @number@ patients , aged over @number@ for sigmoid diverticulitis.
laparoscopic peritoneal lavage was made in urgency in five cases.
results : the mean age of the sample was @number@
thirty-one patients underwent surgery , and five patients were treated in urgency with laparoscopic peritoneal lavage.
perioperative mortality was zero.
of the patients who underwent laparoscopic peritoneal lavage showed recurrent disease.
conclusion : diagnostic laparoscopy can be useful in elderly patient , since these patients may benefit from a more conservative surgical strategy.
the selection of patients to be subjected to laparoscopic lavage must be very rigorous.
the intention of surgery in all cases was curative resection with ileo-colic anastomosis.
comparative statistical analysis was performed.
results : acute bowel obstruction was the major complication of crc that led to an emergency hemicolectomy.
postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were in total @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
all the deaths happened in poland.
of the pt , @percent@ had morbidity in poland and @percent@ in italy.
the mean age of the pt with complications in poland and in italy was @number@ and @number@ years , respectively.
conclusion : we observed that particularly lethal combination is older age , perforation with peritonitis and advanced stage of the cancer.
results : thirty-four of these patients had at least one occluded artery , and @number@ % of them had at least one hospital admission.
background : perianal fistula is a complex and frequent disease.
at present , no treatment nor technique has shown an absolute superiority in terms of efficacy and recurrence rate.
the technique has to be chosen considering the balance between faecal continence preservation and disease eradication.
rarely concomitant perianal abscess and fistula are treated at the same time , and often time to complete recovery is long.
aging is a complex process not only influenced by inherited but also by several environmental factors.
it is characterized by a progressive loss of function in multiple tissues , which leads to an increased probability of death.
understanding of individual pathogenesis and introduction of preventive measurements require objective assessment , i.e. , the administration of biomarkers.
because of the complexity of skin aging , the exact definition of biomarkers is a major research challenge.
in this article , we summarize the basic knowledge involving skin aging and its biomarkers.
a prospective cohort study was conducted on @number@ chc patients with svr.
before anti-hcv therapy , g1 patients had a higher hcv rna level than g2 patients.
viral clearance in chc patients pan-genotypically restored fuel utilization by decelerating the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
following improvement in liver function , the urea , nitric oxide , methionine , and polyamine cycles were accelerated.
the cardiometabolic risk attenuated , but the augmented kynurenine pathway activity could increase the oncogenesis risk.
the trends in neurotransmitter formation differed between g1 and g2 patients after svr.
the impact of type @number@ diabetes on ageing societies is great and populations across the globe are becoming more diverse.
we explored the evidence about diabetes care for older people with south asian ethnicity to understand the contexts and mechanisms behind interventions to reduce inequalities.
dementia is a great challenge to public health in cuba due to its impact on society and families.
cuba's national intervention strategy for alzheimer disease and dementia syndromes is designed to address this challenge.
a set of indicators has been developed to evaluate strategy implementation.
keywords dementia , alzheimer disease , aging , national health programs , social stigma , primary prevention , health promotion , civil rights , cuba.
we performed oxygen plasma treatment on reduced graphene oxide ( rgo ) to improve its surface reactivity with respect to biomolecular interactions.
this phenomenon was also confirmed by pretreating the rgo surfaces with a blocking agent and subsequently subjecting them to antibody immobilization.
background : renal impairment is a major risk factor for mortality in various populations.
participants were patients enrolled in the respective cohorts and trials.
the primary outcome was cvm.
results : all formulas were strongly and independently associated with cvm.
the population of older people with id is growing , but knowledge about their use of healthcare is limited.
participants were divided into age groups of 5-year intervals.
data regarding in- and outpatient care were collected from the swedish national patient register.
decreasing patterns were seen with age ; with lower risks in the id group for the oldest age groups.
this was most evident in planned somatic in- and outpatient care.
conclusions : compared with the general population , people with id show higher healthcare utilisation in younger age groups.
healthcare utilisation decreases with age , and in old age , fewer people with id use healthcare compared with the general population.
the barriers to accessing planned healthcare for older people with id need more investigation.
method : the procedure used in the present study combined the ami and ai into one study session.
we compared the performance of @number@ patients with korsakoff's syndrome and @number@ healthy controls.
first , participants were asked to recall knowledge from different life periods.
second , participants were asked to recall memories from five life periods.
thirdly , participants were asked to rate their subjective experience of each event recalled on a 5-point scale.
finally , we analyzed the findings in terms of all the memories recalled versus the first memory from each life-period only.
results : both the ami and the ai showed a temporally graded retrograde amnesia in the korsakoff patients for personal semantic and episodic autobiographical memories.
the pattern of amnesia in korsakoff patients was not affected by examining only one event per life-period.
subjective ratings of recalled memories were largely comparable between the groups.
conclusions : the findings were generally consistent across the ami and ai.
varying the number of events did not affect the pattern of the gradient.
hence , the temporal gradient in korsakoff patients is not an artefact of either the ami or the ai method.
these two competing risk analyses were used to calculate absolute risks of labor force exit among welfare state regimes in europe.
both models produced similar absolute risks.
conclusions workers with poor health are more likely to leave the labor force than workers with good health.
the absolute risks of early retirement and becoming economically inactive were lowest in countries with a scandinavian welfare state regime.
for disability benefit and unemployment , absolute risks were lowest in southern european welfare state regimes.
these conditions are also related pathologically through multiple interacting mechanisms.
the hallmark pathology of ad consists of pathological aggregates of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptides and tau proteins.
the pathology of tbi is complex and dependent on injury severity , age-at-injury , and length of time between injury and neuropathological evaluation.
from a therapeutic perspective , we emphasize that in the fields of tbi- and aging-related neurodegeneration protective strategies should include preservation of neurovascular function.
however , such choices may not always be obvious.
which has the biggest impact ?
a large change to a small number of individuals , or a small change to a large number of individuals ?
the challenge is identifying the issues that have the greatest impact on the population so potential interventions can be prioritised.
the work deficit scores showed that those removed for behavioural issues had a greater impact on the overall workforce than those removed for health reasons.
additionally trends over time illustrated the positive influence of interventions guide dogs have made to improve their workforce.
information highlighted by these scores is pertinent to the effort of guide dogs to ensure partnerships are lasting.
the main objective of this study was to perform an unbiased , whole transcriptome search for genes that associate with intrinsic skin youthfulness.
skin youthfulness was defined as the top @percent@ of individuals whose assessed skin aging features were most discrepant with their chronological ages.
skin biopsies from sun-protected inner arm were subjected to @number@'-end sequencing for expression quantification , with results verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
gene set analysis was performed using genomica open-access software.
these results are a valuable resource from which multiple future studies may be undertaken to better understand the mechanisms that promote skin youthfulness in humans.
e-type cyclins ( cyclins e1 and e2 ) are components of the cell cycle machinery that has been conserved from yeast to humans.
the major function of e-type cyclins is to drive cell division.
it is unknown whether in addition to their ' core ' cell cycle functions , e-type cyclins also perform unique tissue-specific roles.
here , we applied high-throughput mass spectrometric analyses of mouse organs to define the repertoire of cyclin e protein partners in vivo.
we found that cyclin e interacts with distinct sets of proteins in different compartments.
among cyclin e interactors we identified several novel tissue-specific substrates of cyclin e-cdk2 kinase.
in proliferating compartments , cyclin e-cdk2 phosphorylates lin proteins within the dream complex.
in the testes , cyclin e-cdk2 phosphorylates mybl1 and dmrtc2 , two meiotic transcription factors that represent key regulators of spermatogenesis.
we also used quantitative proteomics to demonstrate re-wiring of the cyclin e interactome upon ablation of cdk2.
this approach can be used to study how protein interactome changes during development or in any pathological state such as aging or cancer.
older adults are a special patient population who require attention to a variety of issues and considerations related to infusion therapy.
the need to alter practice approaches includes vascular access techniques and the administration of intravenous medications , fluids , and blood components.
in addition , older adults will manifest very different signs and symptoms related to development of an infection in the body.
cigarette smoking has been associated with multiple negative effects on human skin.
long-term physiological effects of cigarette smoke are through chronic and not acute exposure.
molecular alterations due to chronic exposure to cigarette smoke remain unclear.
the defense of a democratic and sustainable system reveals the importance of understanding how changes in healthcare take place.
the current article aims to contribute to the understanding of innovation in healthcare services.
a defesa de um sistema democrático e sustentável evidencia a importância de entender como são estabelecidos os processos relacionados às mudanças na saúde.
neste cenário , o presente artigo visa aprofundar o entendimento sobre inovação nos serviços de saúde.
the aging process involves an inherent decrease in physiological abilities.
the handgrip test ( ht ) and the 6-minute walk test ( 6mwt ) are used to assess physical fitness in the elderly.
the t-test and the pearson coefficient of correlation were used for statistical analysis , with a significance level of p < @number@
the muscle strength , in septuagenarians , and cardiorespiratory capacity , in septuagenarians and octogenarians contributes significantly to the self-perception of physical health.
neglect , abuse and violence against older women has not been a prominent focus of elder abuse research.
examples of research from brazil and portugal are reviewed and discussed.
the renal microvasculature is targeted during aging , sometimes producing chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
overdiagnosis of ckd in older persons is concerning.
to prevent it , a new concept of \ "healthy aging \ " is arising from a healthy renal donor study.
in all cases , the 3d images proved that arteriosclerotic changes in large proximal interlobular arteries did not directly induce distal arterial change or glomerulosclerosis.
the nephrosclerotic patient showed severe hyalinosis with luminal narrowing of small arteries directly inducing glomerulosclerosis.
thus , we successfully visualized healthy aged kidneys on 3d images and confirmed the underlying pathology.
this method has the ability to investigate renal microcirculatory damage during healthy aging.
aim : to identify family physicians ' perception of the primary care collaborative memory clinic ( pccmc ) care model.
conclusion : pccmcs provide a significant opportunity for supporting physicians to manage the care of persons with dementia within primary care practice.
polypharmacy has , however , been associated with increased healthcare costs , adverse drug events , and drug interactions.
the current study evaluates the potential medication cost savings of adding personalized pharmacogenetic information to traditional medication management strategies.
furthermore , long-term outcome remains poor and there is much debate on whether to operate or not in elderly patients.
these figures were more pronounced for tumor stages iia and iib.
aim : the management of severely agitated elderly patients is not easy , and limited guidelines are available to assist practitioners.
our aims were to describe the patient population referred for art calls , reasons for and interventions during art calls , and complications following them.
demographic and clinical data were collected.
results : of @number@ elderly patients with art calls , @number@ had repeat art calls.
thirty-one patients ( @percent@ ) had underlying dementia , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were agitated at the time of admission.
the main reasons for art calls were wandering and physical aggression.
complications were documented in @percent@ of cases where sedation was used.
we recommend the development of guidelines on the management of behavioral emergency in the elderly patients , including de-escalation strategies and standardized psychotropic guidelines.
design : retrospective chart review.
setting : public hospital system.
participants : patients enrolled in the abc medical home program between @date@ and @date@ .
hb concentration was measured on a daily basis before the surgery.
patients were grouped according to the type of fracture ( intracapsular and extracapsular ) for calculation of the total blood loss ( tbl ) .
all data analyses were done by spss version @number@ software.
amyloid-β-peptide ( aβ ) is considered to be the toxic species in ad and causes cell death in the affected areas of patient's brain.
insulin-like growth factor @number@ ( igf-1 ) has been reported to attenuate aβ toxicity in neuronal cells.
however , the molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective function of igf-1 remain largely unknown.
in the present study , we for the first time demonstrated that igf-1 protects against aβ-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of puma expression and bax activation.
in addition , igf-1 inhibited the translocation of bax to the mitochondria induced by aβ.
our findings may provide new insights into molecular mechanisms mediated by igf-1 in cell survival against aβ-induced apoptosis.
soft-tissue calcification is associated with aging , common conditions such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia , and with certain genetic disorders.
abcc6 is an efflux transporter primarily expressed in liver facilitating the release of adenosine triphosphate from hepatocytes.
within the liver vasculature , adenosine triphosphate is converted into pyrophosphate , a major inhibitor of ectopic calcification.
most mutations in abcc6 are missense , and many preserve transport activity but are retained intracellularly.
we have previously shown that the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate ( 4-pba ) promotes the maturation of abcc6 mutants to the plasma membrane.
in a humanized mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum , we investigated whether 4-pba treatments could rescue the calcification inhibition potential of selected abcc6 mutants.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : local community.
interventions : not applicable.
stepwise multiple regression models were used to determine the proportion of variance in burst characteristics explained by clinical measures of physical function in pd.
speech understanding in the presence of concurring sound is a major challenge especially for older persons.
in particular , conversational turn-takings usually result in switch costs , as indicated by declined speech perception after changes in the relevant target talker.
informative cues resulted in increased performance after a spatial change in target talker compared to uninformative cues , not indicating the future target position.
especially the older participants benefited from knowing the future target position in advance , indicated by reduced response times after informative cues.
thus , knowing where to listen has the potential to compensate for age-related decline in attentional switching in a highly variable cocktail-party environment.
results revealed that age moderated the relation between pain catastrophizing and pain interference , with the strength of these effects declining with age.
the effect of pain catastrophizing on pain interference was strongest in adolescents and relatively weak in all @number@ other groups.
emotional distress was the strongest predictor of pain interference for children , whereas pain intensity was the strongest predictor for both adult groups.
pain catastrophizing was found to predict pain intensity and , although age was a significant moderator , statistical findings were weak.
developmental considerations and clinical implications regarding the utility of the construct of pain catastrophizing across age groups are discussed.
qol , ranging from @number@ to @number@ was assessed with the whoqol-age.
multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed.
results : higher levels of cr were associated with higher qol , after controlling for potential confounders ( coef.
@number@ @percent@ ci = 0.36 , @number@ ) .
discussion : cr is associated with higher qol in older adults.
objectives : neuroticism is a broad construct that conveys a predisposition to experience psychological distress and negative mood states.
vulnerability to stress ( vs ) is one neuroticism trait that has been linked to worse mood and cognitive outcomes in older adults.
participants were followed upwards of @number@ years.
setting : ncode operates in a naturalistic treatment milieu.
participants : @number@ participants aged @number@ and older with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
measurements : treatment response was assessed at least every @number@ months and more often if clinically needed.
participants also completed the neo personality inventory-revised ( neo pi-r ) and an annual cognitive examination.
neuroticism traits from the neo pi-r included anxiety , depression , anger-hostility , self-consciousness , impulsivity , and vs.
results : higher neuroticism traits of vs , impulsivity , anger-hostility , and anxiety were associated with worse treatment response over time.
high vs was the only neuroticism trait significantly associated with cognitive functioning.
high vs negatively influenced the rate of global cognitive decline over time.
conclusions : individual personality traits within the neuroticism dimension are associated with treatment resistance and cognitive impairment in lld.
it remains to be seen whether these individual traits are associated with different neurobiological substrates and clinical characteristics of lld.
circulating tumor dna ( ctdna ) containing mutations can be identified in the plasma of cancer patients during the course of the disease.
as a non-invasive \ "liquid biopsies \ " , ctdna is a potential surrogate for the entire tumor genome.
the use of ctdna might help to determine the disease prognosis , monitor disease progression , monitor the molecular resistance and monitor the tumor heterogeneity.
background : behavior , while complex and dynamic , is among the most diverse , derived , and rapidly evolving traits in animals.
however , unlike other rapidly evolving functional systems such as sperm-egg interactions and immune defense , the genetic basis of rapid behavioral change remains elusive.
in mammals and invertebrates , neurogenic genes harbor larger protein-coding regions and possess a richer regulatory repertoire of mirna targets and transcription factor binding sites.
such functional divergence has important implications in promoting behavioral isolation across short- and long-term timescales.
due to genome-scaled polygenic adaptation , the large target effect also contributes to our inability to identify adapted behavioral candidate genes.
background : a large proportion of european children , adults and older adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity ( pa ) .
priority for research was also assessed for each cluster.
overall , @number@ factors were rated as the most impactful on pa behaviours across the life course and being the most modifiable.
they were mostly situated in the ' intra-personal context and wellbeing ' cluster.
furthermore , @number@ of them were rated as top priority for research.
background : the prevalence of trauma-related psychiatric disorders is high among refugees.
despite this , little is known about the effect of pharmacological treatment for this patient group.
methods : the study was a randomised pragmatic trial comparing venlafaxine and sertraline in combination with psychotherapy and social counselling.
ptsd symptoms were measured on the harvard trauma questionnaire - part iv , which was the primary outcome measure.
of these , @number@ patients were eligible for intention-to-treat analyses.
small but significant pre-treatment to post-treatment differences were found on the harvard trauma questionnaire and a number of other ratings in both groups.
on the primary outcome measure , no difference was found in treatment effect between the sertraline and venlafaxine group.
a significant group difference was found in favour of sertraline on the sheehan disability scale.
conclusion : sertraline had a slightly better outcome than venlafaxine on some of the secondary outcome measures , but not on the primary outcome measure.
furthermore , a higher percentage of dropouts was found in the venlafaxine group compared to the sertraline group.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01569685 .
registration date : 28 / @date@ .
natural lung aging is marked by molecular changes that occur during development , maturation , and late-life decline.
in this review , we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations.
autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digestion pathway for maintenance of homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions.
autophagy plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases , such as aging-related diseases , autoimmune diseases , cardiovascular diseases , and cancers.
of special note is that accumulating data suggest an intimate relationship between autophagy and ovarian carcinoma.
autophagy is well identified to act as either as a tumor-suppressor or as a tumor-promoter in ovarian carcinoma.
the exact function of autophagy in ovarian carcinoma is highly dependent on the circumstances of cancer including hypoxic , nutrient-deficient , chemotherapy and so on.
however , the mechanism underlying autophagy associated with ovarian carcinoma remains elusive , the precise role of autophagy in ovarian carcinoma also remains undetermined.
in this review , we tried to sum up and discuss recent research achievements of autophagy in ovarian cancer.
moreover , waves of novel therapies ways for ovarian carcinoma based on the functions of autophagy were collected.
the overall decrease in proteolytic activity in aging can promote and accelerate protein accumulation and metabolic disturbances.
to investigate the role of mtor , the protein itself and its target proteins p70s6 kinase and 4e-bp1 were quantified.
significant increased mtor protein levels were determined in old tissue and cells.
determination of phosphorylated and basal amount of both proteins suggested higher mtor activity in old murine tissue and senescent human fibroblasts.
besides the reduced levels of atgs , mtor can additionally reduce ma , promoting further acceleration of protein accumulation and metabolic disturbances during aging.
a working group , the subjective cognitive decline initiative ( scd-i ) , published scd research criteria in the context of preclinical ad.
to successfully apply them , a number of issues regarding assessment and implementation of scd needed to be addressed.
methods : members of the scd-i met to identify and agree on topics relevant to scd criteria operationalization in research settings.
initial ideas and recommendations were discussed with other scd-i working group members and modified accordingly.
results : topics included scd inclusion and exclusion criteria , together with the informant's role in defining scd presence and the impact of demographic factors.
the extent to which wmh location relates to cognitive performance has received less attention , but is likely to be functionally important.
we examined the relation between wmh location and cognition in a memory clinic cohort of patients with sporadic svd.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with svd were recruited from memory clinics.
memory was significantly associated with wmh volume in the forceps minor , independent of total wmh volume.
an independent assumption-free voxel-wise analysis identified strategic voxels in these same tracts.
transient ischemic attack ( tia ) is a neurologic deficit resulting from focal ischemia in the brain , spinal cord , or retina.
historically , the definition included symptom resolution within @number@ hours.
subtle changes in memory , attention , and problem-solving abilities may negatively influence an individual's ability to adopt positive health behaviors.
definitions of tia are reviewed , and the importance of neuropsychological evaluation and neuroimaging correlates of tia in establishing a positive diagnosis will be discussed.
functional neuroimaging studies have shown age-related differences in brain activation and connectivity patterns for emotional memory.
the behavioral analyses showed a positivity bias , that is , a preference for positive words , in recognition memory.
no statistically significant associations emerged between fa and memory for negative or neutral words.
this likely reflects the complex interplay between the mnemonic positivity bias , structural wm integrity , and functional brain compensatory mechanisms in older age.
also , the unexpected directionality of the results indicates that the wm microstructural correlates of emotional memory show unique characteristics in normal older individuals.
peak o2 uptake ( v˙o2peak ) and hrpeak were determined by a maximal exercise stress test using a bicycle ergometer.
carotid baroreceptor reflex ( cbr ) control of hr and mean arterial pressure ( map ) were assessed by a neck pressure-neck suction protocol.
cumulative stress index was increased from @number@ ± @number@ mm hg·min pretraining to @number@ ± @number@ mm hg·min posttraining ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : aerobic exercise training improved the aerobic fitness and ot in elderly subjects.
they underwent clinical and cognitive testing and hormonal assessments of menopause status.
multivariate general linear models for multiple memory outcomes were used to test hypotheses controlling for potential confounders.
episodic memory , executive function , semantic processing , and estimated verbal intelligence were assessed.
impacts of sex and reproductive stage on performance were tested.
initial learning and memory retrieval were particularly vulnerable , whereas memory consolidation and storage were preserved.
findings underscore the significance of the decline in ovarian estradiol production in midlife and its role in shaping memory function.
participants were followed from date of blood draw for biomarker assays ( baseline ) until death or @date@ .
analyses included ordered logistic regression and cox proportional hazards regression.
results : during @number@ years ( median ) , @number@ deaths occurred.
mortality risk increased with increasing quartiles of il-6 , scd14 , and d-dimer regardless of hiv status.
conclusions : hiv infection is associated with elevated il-6 , scd14 , and d-dimer , which are in turn associated with mortality.
baseline measures of these biomarkers partially mediate excess mortality risk among hiv + versus uninfected people.
mannose binding lectin ( mbl ) plays important role in the innate immunity of human.
mutations in the mbl2 gene can significantly change the serum level of mbl , and consequently alter the susceptibility and progression of infectious disease.
however , the association between the mbl2 profile and the hbv mutation and quasispecies complexity has not yet been reported.
findings from focus group and key informant interviews highlight features of lgbtq senior center experiences that can significantly improve members ' quality of life.
these include providing family , acceptance and a home , which can have an impact on outlook and outcomes.
moreover , findings suggest the need for re-thinking hetero-normative definitions of \ "community \ " in the context of lgbtq aging.
older adults who live in residential neighborhoods adjacent to college and university campuses have a unique experience that makes them vulnerable to marginalization and displacement.
based on this , we suggested that spp1 expression may reflect the functional or structural specialization of highly developed corticospinal systems.
although a small number of spp1-positive pyramidal neurons were observed in s1 , the number was smaller than that in m1.
in the cervical segment of the spinal cord , spp1 was principally expressed in choline motor neurons in lamina ix.
we also examined spp1 expression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.
spp1 expression was especially reduced in surviving large neurons in both m1 and the spinal cord of als patients.
we found that individuals who were disadvantaged in childhood were more likely to have their first child as teenagers or in early young adulthood.
for women only , an early transition to parenthood partially explained the association between childhood disadvantage and onset of heart problems.
these factors partially accounted for the association between early parenthood and onset of heart problems in later life.
our findings underscore the significance of the timing of the transition to parenthood in specifying the associations between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems.
various factors are involved , including low adult ses , psychological distress , and unhealthy lifestyles.
we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the association between low 25 ( oh ) d level and frailty.
studies were reviewed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses ( prisma ) guidelines.
a total of seven studies ( @number@ participants ) were eligible in our study.
the prevalence of frailty ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
the sample comprised @number@ older adults who were interviewed in @number@ and re-interviewed in the following waves.
cross-tabulations were run to show the rise in chronic disease and disability with age.
results : the prevalence of chronic diseases rose sharply with age.
cardiovascular diseases were the most common.
neurological disorder and cancer were less common , but had the most debilitating effects on patients.
overall , @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ of the respondents were disabled by cardiovascular , musculoskeletal and sensorial diseases , respectively.
conclusion : the rapid rise in chronic diseases has resulted in an increased burden of disability among the oldest old in china.
there is a need to improve health care systems for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
background : the mechanism for hypercoagulability in malignancy is not entirely understood.
methods : we compared @number@ pvt patients with @number@ healthy subjects and @number@ hcc patients.
the predictive value test of serum lipoprotein ( a ) on pvt was @number@ and on hcc was @number@
the odds ratio of lipoprotein ( a ) was @number@ on pvt and @number@ on hcc.
so we assume a role of lipoprotein ( a ) as predictor of venous thromboembolism in neoplastic patients.
we report on the mechanism by which hscs attain cycling quiescence by addressing a role for inducible cyclic amp early repressor ( icer ) .
icer negatively transcriptional regulators of camp activators such as crem and creb.
these activators can be induced by hematopoietic stimulators such as cytokines.
purpose : we tested whether higher baseline psychological well-being predicted higher levels of physical activity over time.
methods : prospective data were from the english longitudinal study of aging , a nationally representative sample of english adults over the age of @number@
our sample included @number@ adults who were assessed up to six times across an average of @number@ years.
findings were maintained after adjusting for baseline health status and depression.
background : hypertension in elderly patients is one of the main problems in cardiovascular diseases.
the older group represented @percent@ of the whole studied population and @percent@ of them were dialyzed.
the two groups of different ages were also divided into dialysis and nondialysis subgroups.
the serum renalase , dopamine , and norepinephrine concentration together with blood pressure value and echocardiography were assessed.
thus , renalase appears to be the possible new marker of these indications in this special population.
participants and methods : a total of @number@ participants older than @number@ years underwent physical examinations and laboratory analyses following standardized protocol.
there was no other association of these biomarkers with ir , mets , and diabetes risk after full adjustment.
the ethical , logistical , and biological complications of working with an older population of people inherently limits clinical studies of frailty.
the recent development of animal models of frailty , and tools for assessing frailty in animal models provides an invaluable opportunity for frailty research.
finally , this review discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of translating research findings from animals to humans.
all patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment.
the pattern of consumption of various nutrients was analyzed in detail.
results : the differences in cognitive functioning observed between the groups were related to specific nutrient intake , as was handgrip strength to some extent.
conclusion : the incidence of falls and poor quality of life may be partially associated with the presence of depression.
particular nutrients should be translated into dietary patterns which allow the individual patient to address these nutrient deficiencies.
background : little is known about the sex-specific differences in left ventricular ( lv ) diastolic dysfunction ( dd ) predictors.
all patients were subjected to detailed echocardiography , vascular ultrasound , and high-resolution echotracking ( etracking ) of carotid arteries.
recent studies have pointed to protein s-nitrosylation as a critical regulator of cellular redox homeostasis.
our findings therefore suggest that srxn1 may represent a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders such as pd that involve nitrosative / oxidative stress.
bruton's tyrosine kinase ( btk ) is a member of the tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases involved in b-cell and myeloid cell signaling.
small molecule inhibitors of btk are being investigated for treatment of several hematologic cancers and autoimmune diseases.
similar findings were not observed in mice or dogs at much higher exposures.
this suggests that gdc-0853 could exacerbate a background finding in younger animals.
there were no changes in other common serum biomarkers assessing endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function.
additionally , these lesions were not readily detectable via doppler ultrasound , computed tomography , or magnetic resonance imaging.
aortic stiffness , a cardiovascular risk factor , depends on the operating mean arterial pressure ( map ) .
the impact of aortic stiffness on cardiovascular outcomes is proposed to be mediated by the attenuation or the reversal of the arterial stiffness gradient.
we hypothesized that arterial stiffness gradient is less influenced by changes in map.
we aimed to study the relationship between map and aortic stiffness , brachial stiffness , and arterial stiffness gradient.
most smokers smoke their first cigarette in early adolescence.
this study aims to evaluate its effectiveness regarding smoking prevalence and students ' attitudes towards smoking.
the study groups consist of randomised schools receiving the smokerface poster campaign and control schools with comparable baseline data ( no intervention ) .
results will be disseminated at conferences , in peer-reviewed journals , on our websites and throughout the multinational education against tobacco network.
trial registration number : nct02544360 , pre-results.
objectives : many reports exist of the cardiovascular toxicity of smoked cannabis but none of arterial stiffness measures or vascular age ( va ) .
in view of its diverse toxicology , the possibility that cannabis-exposed patients may be ageing more quickly requires investigation.
design : cross-sectional and longitudinal , observational.
prospective.
setting : single primary care addiction clinic in brisbane , australia.
participants : @number@ cannabis-only smokers , @number@ tobacco-only smokers , @number@ tobacco and cannabis smokers and @number@ non-smokers.
exclusions : known cardiovascular disease or therapy or acute exposure to alcohol , amphetamine , heroin or methadone.
intervention : radial arterial pulse wave tonometry ( atcor , sphygmocor , sydney ) performed opportunistically and sequentially on patients between @number@ and @number@
main outcome measure : algorithmically calculated va.
secondary outcomes : other central haemodynamic variables.
results : differences between group chronological ages ( ca , @number@.47±0.48 to @number@.36±2.44 , mean±sem ) were controlled with linear regression.
between-group sex differences were controlled by single-sex analysis.
mean cannabis exposure among patients was @number@.67±7.16 g-years.
the effect size in males was @percent@.
a dose-response relationship was demonstrated with lifetime exposure ( p < 0.002 ) additional to that of tobacco and opioids.
in both sexes , the effect of cannabis was robust to adjustment and was unrelated to its acute effects.
significant power interactions between cannabis exposure and the square and cube of ca were demonstrated ( from p < 0.002 ) .
cannabis use is associated with an acceleration of the cardiovascular age , which is a powerful surrogate for the organismal-biological age.
this likely underlies and bi-directionally interacts with its diverse toxicological profile and is of considerable public health and regulatory importance.
ovarian aging is associated with gradual follicular loss by atresia / apoptosis.
women with endometriosis and pcos have lower antioxidant production capacity that may contribute to abnormal follicular development and infertility.
implantation rate decreases and miscarriage rate increases with advancing maternal age.
the oocyte must be the locus of reproductive aging because donation of oocytes from younger to older women abrogates the effects of aging on fecundity.
nuclear transfer experiments in a mouse model of reproductive aging show that the reproductive aging phenotype segregates with the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm.
we have proposed telomere attrition as a parsimonious way to explain these diverse effects of aging on oocyte function.
telomeres are repetitive sequences of dna and associated proteins , which form a loop ( t loop ) at chromosome ends.
telomeres prevent the blunt end of dna from triggering a dna damage response.
previously , we showed that experimental telomere shortening phenocopies reproductive aging in mice.
telomere shortening causes reduced synapsis and chiasma , chromosome fusions , embryo arrest and fragmentation , and abnormal meiotic spindles.
telomere length of polar bodies predicts the fragmentation of human embryos.
telomerase , the reverse transcriptase capable of reconstituting shortened telomeres , is only minimally active in oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
alternative lengthening of telomere takes place even in telomerase-null mice.
this mechanism of telomere elongation previously had been found only in cancer cells lacking telomerase activity.
we propose that alt elongates telomeres across generations but does so at the cost of extensive genomic instability in preimplantation embryos.
background : microparticles ( mps ) have emerged as a surrogate marker of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.
methods : primary porcine coronary ecs were isolated from the left circumflex coronary artery.
ex vivo , the prosenescent effect of circulating mps from acs patients was evidenced only under conditions of low shear stress.
depletion of endothelial-derived mps from acs patients reduced the induction of senescence.
these mps exhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and upregulated at1 receptors and angiotensin-converting enzyme in p1 ecs.
losartan , an at1 receptor antagonist , and inhibitors of either mitogen-activated protein kinases or phosphoinositide 3-kinase prevented the mp-induced endothelial senescence.
background : about half of colorectal patients are diagnosed less than @number@ years of age and they have a relatively high cure rate.
however , little is known about their employment and related risk factors.
the aim of the current study was to clarify the association between colorectal cancer ( crc ) and subsequent risk of being unemployed.
results : the final study population included @number@ colorectal patients and @number@ healthy controls.
higher risk was seen among rectal cancer patients and among patients aged ≤50 years old at the time of cancer diagnosis.
conclusions : crc patients are at increased long-term risk for unemployment , especially among rectal cancer and younger patients.
the clinical ramifications of our findings emphasise the importance of an accurate evaluation and attention to unemployment status during the care of these patients.
methods : in this case-control study a total @number@ subjects were included.
seronegative control subjects were age- and sex-matched with the art naive patients and the two other groups.
carbonyl protein was determined by the method described in levine et al.
dna damage marker 8-oh-dg was determined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine stressxpress ela kit by stressmarq biosciences.
larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in hiv / aids patients.
this study evaluates rates of diagnosis of each proposed criteria set in a clinical sample of bereaved individuals participating in clinical research.
rates of diagnosis were determined for proposed pcbd , pgd and cg criteria.
of the three proposed criteria identified any cases in the bereaved comparison group.
use of cg criteria or a similar algorithm appears to be warranted.
the etiology of sibm is still unknown ; however , genetic factors , aging , lifestyles , and environmental factors may be involved.
the purpose of this study is to elucidate the cross-sectional profile of patients affected by sibm in japan.
methods : we surveyed patient data for @number@ cases diagnosed at a number of centers across japan.
we also issued a questionnaire for @number@ patients and direct caregivers to further elucidate the natural history of the disease.
results : the mean age at the onset was @number@ ± @number@ years.
@number@ % described the psychological / mental aspect of the disease.
the most popular primary caregiver was the patient's spouse and @number@ % patients mentioned that they were having problems managing the finances.
conclusions : through these surveys , we described the cross-sectional profiles of sibm in japan.
many patients described psychological / mental and financial anxiety because of the aged profile of sibm patients.
the profiles of sibm patients are similar to those in western countries.
background : older adults with hearing difficulties face problems of communication which may lead to underuse of health services.
methods : data on persons aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) drawn from a population-based study , health @number@ were analyzed.
hearing loss was determined with screening audiometry ( n = @number@ ) .
multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.
self-reported hearing difficulty was also associated with higher odds for mental health service use ( or = @number@ @number@ % ci @number@.2-3.5 ) .
hearing was not associated with use of the other health services studied , except presenting for a hearing test.
conclusions : older adults with hearing loss or self-reported hearing difficulty are as likely to use most health services as those without hearing loss.
however , self-reported hearing difficulty is associated with experiencing unmet health care needs.
adequate health services should be ensured for older adults with hearing difficulties.
background : negative views towards ageing and older adults may be a reason why nurses do not choose to work in gerontological nursing.
studying in another cultural context can challenge these views.
the objective was to explore nursing students ' views on ageing and older adults before and after a gerontology course held abroad.
professional healthcare , besides family was seen as potential caregivers in old age.
conclusions : studying gerontology abroad can widen views towards ageing and older adults , inspiring nurses to work in gerontological nursing.
purpose : to describe the cumulative 6-year incidence of visual impairment ( vi ) and blindness in an adult kenyan population.
the nakuru posterior segment eye disease study is a population-based sample of @number@ participants aged ≥50 years , enrolled in 2007-2008.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were reexamined in 2013-2014.
cumulative incidence of vi and blindness , and factors associated with these outcomes , were estimated.
inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for nonparticipation.
results : visual acuity measurements were available for @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants.
incidence of vi increased strongly with older age , and independently with being diabetic.
there are an estimated @number@ new cases of vi per year in people aged ≥50 years per @number@ people , of whom @number@ are blind.
conclusions : the incidence of vi and blindness in this older kenyan population was considerably higher than in comparable studies worldwide.
a continued effort to strengthen the eye health system is necessary to support the growing unmet need in an aging and growing population.
purpose of review : to review the associations among age-related cataract , frailty , and frailty outcomes ( e.g. , disabilities ) .
the proportion of patients suffering from cataracts and frailty is expected to increase , as are age-related diseases.
summary : reports regarding the relationship between frailty , visual impairment , cataract , and cataract surgery are limited , but gradually increasing.
further research is expected to clarify the mechanism of visual function or the impact of restored vision on frailty.
evidence for the effect of cataract on frailty and frailty outcomes after restoring vision by cataract surgery remains limited.
objective : to understand the influence on metabolic changes of diet and sns during @number@ hours of overfeeding.
results : ee decreased with fasting ( @percent@ ± @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) and increased with overfeeding.
approximately @percent@ of macronutrient oxidation was determined by diet and @percent@ by intrinsic factors ( p < @number@ ) .
only urinary epinephrine differed between fasting and overfeeding diets ( δ = @number@ ± @number@ µg / 24h ; p < @number@ ) .
during fasting , higher urinary epinephrine concentrations correlated with smaller reductions in ee ( ρ = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : independent from dietary macronutrient proportions , there is a strong individual contribution to fuel preference that remains consistent across diets.
higher urinary epinephrine levels may reflect the importance of epinephrine in maintaining ee during fasting.
methods : fifty mcgp were enrolled , @number@ patients with dry eye , and @number@ healthy subjects served as controls.
in vivo confocal microscopy evaluated the limbal and central dc density , the dcs morphology and distribution.
relationships among dc density , osdi score , and corneal staining were analyzed.
dendritic cells were significantly higher at limbus than at central cornea in both groups.
dendritic cell density was higher in glaucoma groups and ded than in controls ( p < @number@ ) .
group @number@ and ded presented dc density significantly higher compared with group @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
in group @number@ dc density was higher in patients taking preserved drugs than in those taking preservative-free drugs ( p < @number@ ) .
dendritic cell density was higher in ded than in group @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
dendritic cell density significantly correlated with corneal staining and osdi ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : dendritic cells increase in the entire cornea of mcgp , with a higher density at limbus.
these modifications may take part in the induction of the glaucoma-related ocular surface disease.
scai undergoes prominent enrichment at dsb sites through dual mechanisms involving 53bp1-dependent recruitment to dsb-surrounding chromatin and 53bp1-independent accumulation at resected dsbs.
cells lacking scai display reduced dsb repair capacity , hypersensitivity to dsb-inflicting agents and genome instability.
we demonstrate that scai is a mediator of 53bp1-dependent repair of dsbs , facilitating atm kinase signalling at dsbs in repressive chromatin environments.
design : a cross-sectional study of two groups of hiv-infected participants at baseline and follow-up timepoints.
measured parameters were analyzed at each timepoint.
analyses employed mann-whitney tests and spearman correlations.
results : baseline median ykl-40 was higher in chi than ahi ( @number@ versus @number@ ng / l ; p = @number@ ) .
many environmental agents affect the development of male germ cells at different stages.
this suggests that the p53 gene ( tp53 ) is important for apoptosis regulation during spermatogenesis , and may be associated with male infertility.
approximately @percent@ of male infertility is idiopathic.
the trp53 gene is involved in meiosis in male rats and mice suggesting that the p53 plays a critical role in spermatogenesis.
med pr @number@ ; 67 ( @number@ ) : 691-700.
dna breaks activate the dna damage response and , if left unrepaired , trigger cellular senescence.
telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from persistent dna damage response activation.
whether protection can be enhanced to counteract the age-dependent decline in telomere integrity is a challenging question.
telomeric repeat-containing rna ( terra ) , which is transcribed from telomeres , emerged as important player in telomere integrity.
however , how human telomere transcription is regulated is still largely unknown.
we identify nuclear respiratory factor @number@ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α as regulators of human telomere transcription.
cycling endurance exercise , which is associated with ampk activation , increased terra levels in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from @number@ healthy young volunteers.
the data support the idea that exercise may protect against aging.
skin senescence is induced by various factors including intrinsic aging and extrinsic aging.
the current study compared the expression of micrornas in young facial skin and senescent facial skin , and this study identified skin aging-related micrornas.
according to the results from a microrna pcr array , mir-124 was the microrna that increased the most in senescent skin compared to young skin.
real-time pcr with a greater number of samples indicated that the increase in mir-124 levels in senescent facial skin was statistically significant.
the morphology of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes ( nheks ) transfected with a mir-124 mimic changed to an enlarged and irregular shape.
the expression of mir-124 increased in uvb-irradiated nheks compared to controls in a dose-dependent manner.
expression of mir-124 in a431 , a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) cell line , decreased significantly compared to that in nheks.
the current results indicated that mir-124 increases as a result of cell senescence and that it decreases during tumorigenesis.
hd is a devastating autosomal dominant disease with no disease-modifying treatments.
pridopidine , a postulated \ "dopamine stabilizer \ " , has been shown to improve motor symptoms in clinical trials of hd.
however , the target ( s ) and mechanism of action of pridopidine remain to be fully elucidated.
s1r is an endoplasmic reticulum - ( er ) resident transmembrane protein and is regulated by er calcium homeostasis , which is perturbed in hd.
consistent with er calcium dysregulation , we observed striatal upregulation of s1r in aged yac128 transgenic hd mice and hd patients.
we previously demonstrated that dendritic msn spines are lost in aged corticostriatal co-cultures from yac128 mice.
we report here that pridopidine and the chemically similar s1r agonist 3-ppp prevent msn spine loss in aging yac128 co-cultures.
spine protection was blocked by neuronal deletion of s1r.
in an attempt to describe the nature of ageing in diverse organisms , the intimate links between the origins of life and ageing are examined.
the manifestation of these alterations relies on the balance between their production and cellular renewal.
therapeutic angiogenesis is a relatively new medical strategy in the field of cardiovascular diseases.
the initial enthusiasm generated by preclinical studies has been tempered by the modest success of clinical trials assessing therapeutic angiogenesis.
similarly , proangiogenic cell therapy has so far not maintained the original promises.
intriguingly , the current trend is to consider regeneration as a prerogative of the youngest organism.
consequentially , the embryonic and foetal models are attracting much attention for clinical translation into corrective modalities in the adulthood.
background : the modifiable factors associated with blood pressure variability ( bpv ) are still being established and their clinical relevance is poorly understood.
systolic and diastolic bpv was calculated using the coefficient of variation ( cv ) and standard deviation method.
generalized linear models assessed the association between gad and depression with bpv over an 8year period.
the association between gad and longer term bpv was consistent when analyzing morning and evening hbpm measures of bpv.
there was no association between diastolic bpv over 8years with gad or depression.
conclusions : gad but not depression was associated with increased systolic bpv over an 8year period controlling for hbpm.
gad has clinical relevance for control of systolic bpv in elderly participants.
stroke frequently results in motor impairment.
of particular potential is the combination of mi with neurofeedback ( nf ) .
however , mi nf protocols have been largely optimized only in younger healthy adults , although strokes occur more frequently in older adults.
during mi , erd% and hbr concentration were less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults.
the lateralization-by-age interaction was not significant for movement execution.
moreover , eeg-based nf was related to an increase in task-specific activity when compared to the absence of feedback in both older and younger adults.
finally , significant modulation correlations were found between erd% and hemodynamic measures despite the absence of significant amplitude correlations.
overall , the findings suggest a complex relationship between age and movement-related activity in electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures.
our results emphasize that the age of the actual end-user should be taken into account when designing neurorehabilitation protocols.
mutations in tmem230 have recently been associated to parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
however , data presented herein is not sufficient to support the role of any of these variants in pd pathology.
further evaluation of genetic data from different populations is needed to understand the genetic role of tmem230 in pd etiology.
objective : older adults commonly involve family ( broadly defined ) in their care.
results : family companions predominantly facilitated doctor and patient information exchange.
more than half of companion communication behaviors were directed at improving doctor understanding of the patient.
companions were rated as more helpful by patients who preferred active involvement of family in medical decision-making.
this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mci and oxidative stress biomarkers in osahs.
methods : a total of @number@ middle-aged patients with moderate-to-severe osahs were included.
ima might be a new useful biomarker correlated with mild cognitive impairment of the patients.
none : the aim of this study is to determine changes in sedentary behaviour in response to extensive aerobic exercise training.
participants included adults who self-selected to run a marathon.
models were fitted with multiple imputation data using the stata mi module.
random intercept generalized least squares ( gls ) regression models were used to determine change in sedentary behaviour with seven waves of repeated measures.
results : twenty-three individuals ( mean ± s falls on stairs are a major hazard for older adults.
visual decline in normal ageing can affect step-climbing ability , altering gait and reducing toe clearance.
here we show that a loss of fine-grained visual information associated with age can affect the perception of surface undulations in patterned surfaces.
methods : we used data from the first to fourth wave of the korean longitudinal study of aging.
using the first wave as a baseline , the data included @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and older with at least one living child.
qol and hrqol were measured using a visual analogue scale developed by the korean labor institute that bears similarity to the eq-vas.
a generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association between living arrangements and qol / hrqol.
these associations were particularly strong for women and individuals in the lowest equivalent household income group.
background : having longer lived parents has been shown to be an important predictor of health trajectories and life span.
as such , parental life span is an important phenotype that may uncover genes that affect longevity.
methods : a genome-wide association study of parental life span in participants of european and african ancestry from the health and retirement study was conducted.
this association was not replicated in an independent sample from the inchianti and framingham heart study.
conclusions : a promising genetic signal for parental life span was identified but was not replicated in independent samples.
background : age-related mobility limitations are debilitating and common.
cerebral white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) and conditions affecting other systems are known contributors , but have been studied in isolation.
results : gait speed was fastest in those with -wmh / -oc and slowest for those with + wmh / + oc.
gait speed was similar for either wmh or one of the oc ( p range : .07-.9 ) , except for bmi.
those with a high bmi had slower gait speed than those with wmh ( p = @number@ ) .
declines in gait speed over @number@ years were similar for all groups.
conclusions : cerebral wmh should be considered along with conditions affecting mobility from other systems when considering risk and treatment for mobility limitations.
background : sarcopenia , a gradual loss of muscle mass and function , has been associated with poor health outcomes.
its correlation with another age-related degenerative process , impaired cognition , remains uncertain.
this meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment.
methods : pubmed and scopus were searched for observational studies that investigated the association between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction.
participants ' demographics and measurements , definition of sarcopenia , and tools for evaluating cognitive function were retrieved.
the correlations between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were expressed as crude and adjusted odds ratios with @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
results : seven cross-sectional studies comprising @number@ participants were included.
the crude and adjusted odds ratios were @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@.297-3.728 ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@.210-4.168 ) , respectively.
conclusions : sarcopenia was independently associated with cognitive impairment.
future cohort studies are warranted to clarify the causal correlation.
the inclusion of relevant biomarkers and functional measurements is also recommended to elucidate the underlying biological mechanism.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : ambulatory patients with hf were recruited at charité medical school , campus virchow-klinikum , berlin , germany.
measurements : the appendicular skeletal muscle mass of the arms and the legs combined was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dexa ) .
all patients underwent a 6-minute walk test and spiroergometry testing.
forearm and leg blood flow were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography.
peak blood flow was assessed after a period of ischemia in the limbs to test endothelial function.
results : sarcopenia was identified in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
lower vasodilatation had a negative impact on exercise capacity , particularly prevalent in patients with sarcopenia.
vasomotion ( rhythmic changes in arteriolar diameter ) is believed to enhance tissue perfusion at low oxygenation levels.
we hypothesized that slow breathing and vasomotion may correlate temporally ( \ "coupling \ " ) , especially at low oxygenation levels.
the coupling was expressed by cross-correlation calculated in 1-min time windows.
sensitivity analyses were specifically targeted at the characteristics of the type-specific hpv test in the screening practice and vaccine efficacy.
a probabilistic sensitivity analysis ( psa ) was performed to quantify the level of uncertainty of the results found in the base case.
alterations of mirna expression have been associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
to characterize the ad mirna signature , we examined genome-wide mirna and mrna expression patterns in the temporal cortex of ad and control samples.
we validated our mirna results by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) in independent prefrontal cortex.
furthermore , we separated gray and white matter brain sections to identify the cellular origin of the altered mirna expression.
we observed genome-wide downregulation of hsa-mir-132-3p and hsa-mir-212-3p in ad with a stronger decrease in gray matter ad samples.
we further identified @number@ differently expressed transcripts achieving genome-wide levels of significance.
significantly deregulated mirnas and mrnas were correlated and examined for potential binding sites ( in silico ) .
autosomal dominant familial alzheimer's disease accounts for @percent@ of all alzheimer's disease.
a familial alzheimer's disease chinese family , with @number@ affected family members , underwent psen1 screening in @number@ affected family members.
a heterozygous novel missense mutation in the psen1 gene c.1156t > a , altering phenylalanine to isoleucine at codon @number@ was identified.
the elderly population is rapidly increasing in number.
therefore , geriatric trauma is becoming more prevalent.
identification of the shock state related to cardiac dysfunction and targeted assessment of perfusion and resuscitation are important when managing elderly patients.
finally , management of cardiac dysfunction in the trauma patient includes an appreciation of the inherent effects of trauma on cardiac function.
the advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) are the consequence of non-enzymatic reactions between lipid and protein with several oxidants in the aging process.
the receptor for ages ( rages ) has been implicated in the lung fibrotic process and the alveolar homeostasis.
however , this age-rage aging pathway has been under-explored in ipf.
methods : lung samples from @number@ ipf and @number@ control patients were obtained through surgical lung biopsy.
differences in ages and rage expression between both groups were evaluated by rt-pcr , western blot and immunohistochemistry.
the effect of ages on cell viability of primary lung fibrotic fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells was assessed.
cell transformation of fibrotic fibroblasts cultured into glycated matrices was evaluated in different experimental conditions.
results : our study demonstrates an increase of ages together with a decrease of rages in ipf lungs , compared with control samples.
two specific ages involved in aging , pentosidine and nε-carboxymethyl lysine , were significantly increased in ipf samples.
in addition , in vitro cultures showed that the effect of ages on cell viability was different for aecs and fibrotic fibroblasts.
ages decreased cell viability in aecs , even at low concentration , while fibroblast viability was less affected.
furthermore , fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation could be enhanced by ecm glycation.
recently , high-through put analysis reveals that ewsat1 is also highly expressed in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( npc ) .
however , whether the aberrant expression of ewsat1 in npc is corrected with malignancy or prognosis has not been expounded.
ewsat1 over-expression facilitated , while ewsat1 silencing impaired cell growth in npc.
sleep is necessary for the optimal consolidation of procedural learning , and in particular , for motor sequential skills.
age-related changes in spindles may be responsible for impaired motor sequence learning consolidation , but the morphological basis for this deficit is unknown.
in this way , spindles can serve as a biological marker for structural brain changes and the related memory deficits in older adults.
the prevalence of hypertension increases with age making it a significant health concern for older persons.
there appear to be considerable differences between guidelines in terms of the guidance given to clinicians.
osteoporosis is still a serious issue in healthcare , and will continue to increase due to the aging and growth of the population.
early diagnosis is the key to successfully treating many diseases.
the earlier the osteoporosis is diagnosed , the more quickly people can take action to stop bone deterioration.
methods : a total of @number@ participants were included in this study ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
a tendency towards significance was identified for the ankle plantar flexors ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
hip extensors peak torque was the only significant neuromuscular parameter included in the linear regression analysis ( p < @number@ ) .
changes in mitochondrial capacity and quality play a critical role in skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction.
this reduced mitochondrial quality with age is also likely to sensitize skeletal muscle mitochondria to elevated angiotensin or beta-adrenergic signaling associated with heart failure.
this synergy between aging and heart failure could further disrupt cell energy and redox homeostasis and contribute to exercise intolerance in this patient population.
we report evidence of a novel pathogenetic mechanism in which thyroid hormone dysregulation contributes to dementia in elderly persons.
two single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) on chromosome 12p12 were the initial foci of our study : rs704180 and rs73069071.
these snps were identified by separate research groups as risk alleles for non-alzheimer's neurodegeneration.
the rs73069071 risk genotype was also associated with altered expression of a nearby astrocyte-expressed gene , slco1c1.
this is informative biologically , because the slco1c1 protein transports thyroid hormone into astrocytes from blood.
no change was detected in the serum levels of thyroid hormone ( t3 or t4 ) in a subsample of hs cases prior to death.
resilience metrics were defined at baseline by examining the residuals when regressing brain aging outcomes ( hippocampal volume and cognition ) on csf biomarkers.
a positive residual reflected better outcomes than expected for a given level of pathology ( high resilience ) .
objectives : bisexual older adults are a growing yet largely invisible , underserved , and understudied population.
utilizing the health equity promotion model , we examined hypothesized mechanisms accounting for health disparities between bisexual older adults and lesbian and gay older adults.
results : bisexual older adults reported significantly poorer health compared with lesbian and gay older adults.
indirect effects involving sexual identity factors , social resources , and ses explained the association between bisexual identity and poorer health.
a potentially protective pathway was also identified wherein bisexuals had larger social networks after adjusting for other factors.
interventions taking into account older bisexuals ' unique risk and protective factors may be helpful in reducing health inequities.
objective : it is known that continuous glucose monitoring ( cgm ) systems can lower mean glucose compared with episodic self-monitoring of blood glucose.
implantable cgm systems may provide additional benefits.
participants used the cgm system at home and in the clinic.
secondary end points included clarke error grid analysis and alarm performance.
the primary safety outcome was device-related serious adverse events.
this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct02154126.
results : the mard value against reference glucose values > 4.2 mmol / l was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
no device-related serious adverse events occurred during the study.
objective : to describe , from the staff perspective , positive / negative experiences related to caring for dying residents.
methods : qualitative analysis using survey data from staff working in @number@ indiana nursing homes.
results : a total of @number@ frontline staff who provide nursing , nurse aide , and social work services responded to open-ended prompts.
study data included responses to open-ended prompts asking participants to describe one positive experience and one negative experience caring for a dying patient.
a thematic content analysis was conducted using the constant-comparative method.
cost data were obtained from the organization for economic cooperation and development and the world bank.
logit regressions were used to assess the impact of diabetes , comorbidities , and functional status on the frequency of nursing home admission.
etiologic fractions were calculated to obtain the nursing home costs attributable to diabetes and its clinical and functional complications.
results : diabetes is a predictor for institutionalization.
moreover , this relationship between diabetes , function , and cost was age-dependent , increasing as people get older.
diabetes-related complications accounted for one-third of these costs ( us $ 4 ) and , of these , @percent@ resulted from functional impairment.
conclusions : diabetes is associated with higher risk of institutionalization even after adjusting for complications.
among them , functional impairment explains the major part of the association between diabetes and nursing home admission and leads to increasing costs.
we sequenced all exons and exon-intron boundaries of tmem230 in chinese han population including @number@ patients with pd and @number@ healthy control individuals.
as a result , we did not detect any pathogenic mutation of tmem230 in @number@ probands with familial pd or @number@ sporadic pd patients.
these results suggested that tmem230 mutation may not be a common genetic factor for chinese familial and sporadic pd patients.
the apoe ε4 allele is neither a risk factor for rbd nor it is associated with conversion from rbd to dlb or other synucleinopathies.
frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases displaying high clinical , pathologic , and genetic heterogeneity.
several autosomal dominant progranulin ( grn ) mutations have been reported , accounting for 5%-10% of ftld cases worldwide.
we observed shared alleles among @number@ patients for @number@ consecutive short tandem repeat markers spanning a @number@ mb region.
therefore , also with this particular mutation , the elevated clinical variability described among grn-mutated ftld cases is confirmed.
moreover , this is the first study reporting the likely existence of a founder effect for c157kfsx97 mutation in southern italy.
whether chchd2 gene mutations are involved in both of these diseases remains unclear.
we sequenced chchd2 gene in @number@ familial et patients , @number@ autosomal dominant parkinson's disease patients , and @number@ normal controls.
no pathogenic mutations were found , suggesting that chchd2 gene may not play a major role in our familial chinese han et and pd patients.
both groups participated in @number@ weeks of exercise , @number@ times / week for @number@ h.
the pg also showed significant improvement in the activities-specific balance confidence scale ( mean difference = @time@ , p = @number@ ) .
the purpose of this study was to compare the comfortable pace gait kinematics of older at practitioners with those of healthy , age-matched controls.
participants were six licensed at practitioners and seven healthy age-matched controls between the ages of 61-76.
during the swing phase , the at practitioners had significantly increased hip and knee flexion and a trend toward significantly increased dorsiflexion.
the findings suggest that the older at practitioners walked with gait patterns more similar to those found in the literature for younger adults.
this phenomenological study aimed to identify and describe the general meaning structure of the experience of well-being after retirement.
we interviewed nine retirees about their lived experiences with well-being and analysed the data with giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method.
we discuss these findings in relation to relevant literature of successful aging , the perception of time , eudaimonic and hedonic well-being and generativity.
more specifically , the progressive accumulation of variations in mtdna of post-mitotic tissues represents a major contributing factor to both physiological and pathological phenotypes.
here , we analyzed gene expression profiles of monocytes from symptomatic achf patients ( nyha class iii-iv ) before and after pharmacological treatment with cd.
in monocyte tnf-alpha-stimulated there is a down-regulation of the phosphatase shp-1 which induces a significant activation of tak-1 / ikk / nf-kb signaling.
telomeres and mitochondria are known to deteriorate over time.
telomere shortening is associated with aging , early senescence , and premature cell death.
this finding has a great potential in the present era of anti-amyloid agents for the treatment of ad.
accordingly , a few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of antioxidants on visual and cognitive performance in patients presenting both disorders.
in this review , we summarize the pathophysiological and clinical evidence of the relationship between these two age-related disorders.
considering the increasing prevalence of both conditions along with the aging of the population , further investigations of this important issue are highly needed.
verbal communication in a \ "cocktail-party situation \ " is a major challenge for the auditory system.
in particular , changes in target speaker usually result in declined speech perception.
here , we investigated whether speech cues indicating a subsequent change in target speaker reduce the costs of switching in younger and older adults.
changes in target speaker were either unpredictable or semantically cued by a word within the target stream.
cued changes resulted in a less decreased performance than uncued changes in both age groups.
thus , both younger and older listeners used semantic cues to prepare changes in speaker setting.
in this study , the age-related differences in the timing aspect of lumbopelvic rhythm were investigated using the continuous relative phase method.
marp and dp were determined for trunk forward bending and backward return tasks with self-selected slow and fast paces.
differences in susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases are determined by variability in immune responses.
additionally , annual seasonality is found to be an important environmental factor influencing cytokine production.
alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations partially mediate the seasonality of cytokine responses , whereas the effect of vitamin d levels is limited.
the complete dataset has been made publicly available as a comprehensive resource for future studies.
paperclip.
this study examines whether working conditions at the end of workers ' careers impact health and contribute to health disparities across occupations.
results reveal a strong relationship between positive aspects of the psychosocial work environment and improved self-reported health status , blood pressure , and cognitive function.
however , there is little evidence to suggest that working conditions shape observed health disparities between occupations in the years leading up to retirement.
human pluripotent stem cells ( hpscs ) provide a model to study early neural development , model pathological processes , and develop therapeutics.
the generation of functionally specialized neural subtypes from hpscs relies on fundamental developmental principles learned from animal studies.
manipulation of these principles enables production of highly enriched neural types with functional attributes that resemble those in the brain.
myeloid malignancies often arise from an aging hematopoietic system and are currently incurable due to therapy-resistant , disease-reinitiating leukemic stem cells.
in this issue of cell stem cell , crews et al.
( @number@ ) report rna splice isoform signatures unique to patient-derived leukemic stem cells that constitute a therapeutic achilles ' heel of myeloid leukemia.
background : work-life balance is a priority of eu policies but at the same time demographic change affects the labour market.
employers have to deal with the ageing of their employees and adjust human resource management to maintain their competitiveness.
methods : the article is based on the results of surveys conducted among @number@ employees of the sme sector from finland , lithuania and sweden.
after losing peripheral vestibular function , some patients show better dva performance than others , suggesting good compensatory mechanisms.
it seems possible that compensatory covert saccades could be responsible for improved dva.
objective : to investigate vor gain and compensatory saccades with vhit and compare them to the dva of patients with unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy.
methods : vor gain deficit and compensatory saccades were measured with vhit.
dva was then assessed.
vhit was analyzed for percentage of covert saccades and for cumulative overt saccade amplitude.
twenty-four patients with unilateral vestibular deficit were included.
a control group of @number@ healthy subjects provided normal data.
conclusion : compensatory covert saccades seen in vhit correlate with improved performance of dva-testing in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss.
background : whether life course anthropometric indices relate to cognitive function in midlife remains insufficiently explored.
rarely was socioeconomic position ( sep ) adequately accounted for.
methods : weight and height were measured from age @number@ across a 33-year follow-up.
@number@ individuals completed a neurotrax computerized cognitive assessment at ages 48-52.
life course sep was assessed by multiple methods.
the associations of bmi and height with global cognition and its five component domains were assessed by multiple regression.
the associations with higher adolescent and midlife bmi were both restricted to those with low childhood sep ( p < @number@ for interaction ) .
conclusion : an adverse association of higher bmi with cognitive function began in adolescence and was restricted to low childhood sep.
taller stature in both sexes and late growth in women were associated with better midlife cognitive performance.
the discovery of extracellular micrornas ( mirnas ) in csf raises the possibility that mirna may serve as novel biomarkers of ad.
objective : investigate mirnas in csf obtained from living donors as biomarkers for ad.
methods : we profiled mirnas in csf from @number@ ad patients and @number@ controls using taqman® arrays.
replicate studies performed on a subset of @number@ of the original csf samples verified @number@ high confidence mirnas.
the influence of apoe genotype on mirna biomarker performance was also evaluated.
results : we discovered @number@ mirnas that discriminate ad from control csf.
@number@ of these retested in replicate studies verified differential expression between ad and controls.
stringent statistical analysis also identified these @number@ mirnas , and @number@ additional mirna candidates.
top-performing linear combinations of @number@ and @number@ mirnas have auc of @number@.80-0.82.
addition of apoe genotype to the model improved performance , i.e. , auc of @number@ mirna plus apoe4 improves to @number@
conclusions : csf mirnas can discriminate ad from controls.
combining mirnas improves sensitivity and specificity of biomarker performance , and adding apoe genotype improves classification.
background : reduced availability of nitric oxide leads to dysfunction of endothelium which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
the skin laser doppler flux was measured in the microvessels before and after the ingestion of l-arginine ( @number@ g ) .
the endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed by acetylcholine iontophoresis and the endothelium-independent vasodilation by sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis.
in addition , we measured endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in @number@ healthy subjects divided into four age groups.
there were no differences in the endothelium-independent vasodilation after ingestion of l-arginine.
with aging endothelium-independent vasodilation decreased while endothelium-dependent vasodilation remained mainly unchanged.
conclusion : obtained results demonstrated that a single dose of l-arginine influences endothelium-dependent vasodilation predominantly in young , trained individuals.
recql4 , one of the @number@ human recq helicases , is a key mediator of genomic stability and its deficiency can cause premature aging phenotypes.
furthermore , we found that knockout of recql4 destabilized pink1.
in addition , recql4 knockout cells were more susceptible to apoptosis under mitochondrial stress than the control cells.
in conclusion , our findings indicated a novel role of recql4 in the regulation of autophagy / mitophagy in u2os cells.
autophagy is a cellular mechanism implicated in the pathology of parkinson's disease.
the proteins atg6 ( beclin @number@ ) and pi3k59f are involved in autophagosome formation , a key step in the initiation of autophagy.
decreased longevity coupled with an age-dependent loss of climbing ability was observed.
in addition , we investigated the roles of these genes in the well-studied α-synuclein-induced drosophila model of parkinson's disease.
in this context , lowered expression of atg6 or pi3k59f in ddc-gal4-expressing neurons results in decreased longevity and associated age-dependent loss of locomotor ability.
introduction : little research has been done on elderly adults from an optimistic perspective.
what is it like to be a happy elderly person who is moving toward death ?
how can we approach their health promotion ?
this study aimed at exploring ways of being happy in older adults in chile.
methods : we used a phenomenological approach , using martin heidegger’s philosophical frame.
participants were chosen after applying the lyubomirski scale – those who fell into the “happy” category were invited to a semi-structured interview.
ape1 levels in sera of @number@ healthy donors were also determined as control.
conclusions : our studies indicate that ape1 is a biomarker for predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in nsclc.
we examine to what extent clients of community care in europe ( n = @number@ ) complete such activities despite their cognitive problems.
we focus on mildly and moderately impaired people , aged 65 + years.
methods : data were collected using the interrai hc-assessment in ibenc-project.
results : about @percent@ of home care clients in europe suffer from mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.
their relatively independent coping with requirements of routine activities is strongly determined by overall cognitive performance.
specific memory functions seem unimportant , except for procedural memory.
it is striking that all clients , and particularly those with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment , interact mostly with close relatives and friends.
mild-to-moderate cognitive limitations do not hinder clients from coping semi-independently with routine requirements.
eye-gaze direction plays a fundamental role in the perception of facial features and particularly the processing of emotional facial expressions.
yet , the neural underpinnings of the integration of eye gaze and emotional facial cues are not well understood.
the primary aim of this study was to delineate the functional networks that subserve the recognition of emotional expressions as a function of eye gaze.
the results showed that recognition of happy expressions , irrespective of eye-gaze direction , engaged the critical nodes of the default mode network.
functional connectivity analysis further showed gaze-dependent engagement of a large-scale network connected to bilateral amygdala during the recognition of angry expressions.
these findings have implications for psychiatric disorders , such as post-traumatic stress disorder , which are characterized by aberrant limbic connectivity.
few studies have examined cancer-related risk factors in relation to ses across the lifecourse in low to middle income countries.
overall , @percent@ of women had no formal education , @percent@ had mothers with no formal education and @percent@ of women had low lifecourse ses.
treatment guidelines generally recommend careful assessment and non-pharmacological treatment approaches for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
however , the inappropriate use of psychoactive drugs in patients with dementia in nursing homes is still prevalent.
just as in mammals , however , the regulatory realm of ampk function extends beyond metabolic rates and lipid metabolism.
indeed , experiments using drosophila have shown that ampk may exert protective effects with regard to life span and neurodegeneration.
this chapter addresses a few of the research areas in which drosophila has been used to elucidate the physiological functions of ampk.
this emergent epidemic represents the next great challenge for biomedical science and public health.
senescence is a cellular process that is thought to have prognostic and therapeutic relevance in conditions such as cancer , aging , and fibrosis.
however , current protocols for identifying senescent cells in vitro and in vivo have several drawbacks.
most markers used lack sufficient specificity and false positives and negatives in common.
in addition , classical staining techniques often require lengthy protocols and do not offer objective quantification.
recently , several novel markers of senescence associated with the plasma membrane have been identified.
this method has the advantage of being fast and allowing quantitation.
furthermore , its specificity is increased using several markers simultaneously.
the use of high-throughput technology allows us to obtain visual and quantitative data on a large number of samples quickly and easily.
not only is this an invaluable tool for conducting large-scale rnai or compound screenings , but also allows rapid validation of candidates of interest.
this approach can be also used to screen for sirna able to perturb the expression of sasp components during ois.
therefore a reliable model of cellular senescence remains an indispensable tool for the investigation of senescence-associated changes and human disease.
here we describe a model of ht1080 fibrosarcoma cells with an inducible senescence phenotype.
these cells are equipped with the lac repressor and exogenous p21 under the control of a lac repressor regulated promoter.
palliative care is essential for patient-centered care of the older cancer patients.
the diversity of this population in terms of life expectancy , treatment tolerance , function , disability , and social support mandates personalized treatment plans.
the assessment of physiologic age is currently based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) .
goal setting in older patients may be complicated by communication difficulties related to hearing , cognition , expectation , and culture.
cancer-related pain is a major hindrance to the maintenance of functional independence and fatigue is harbinger of disability and death.
the article explores the assessment and the management of the most common and debilitating symptoms in older cancer patients.
lower laef was associated with older age , higher transmitral e / a ratio and higher nt-probnp.
peak vo2 and ve / vco2 slope were not associated with left atrial structure or function.
further research to explore the relevance of left atrial structure and function in hf-pef is warranted.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by damage of motor neurons.
recent reports indicate that inflammatory responses occurring within the central nervous system contribute to the pathogenesis of als.
this study validated the genes that are associated with tlr and nlr signaling pathways from different types of patient-derived cells.
not only fibroblasts but also induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) and neural rosettes from the same origins showed similar expression patterns.
tollip expression was downregulated in als cells under conditions of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide.
moreover , changes of tollip expression might be associated with progression of als.
this study evaluated an online tool to assist in this decision process.
methods : a prototype decision aid was studied in a two-part survey that collected data from participants before and after they examined the decision aid.
both surveys had multiple-choice options and opportunities for open-ended responses , yielding quantitative and qualitative information.
the responses before and after use of the aid were compared for each participant.
results : a total of @number@ individuals completed both surveys.
suggestions for improvements were noted and incorporated into the online tool.
background : previous studies have shown adverse effects of cpg island methylator phenotype ( cimp ) on colorectal cancer ( crc ) prognosis.
however , sample sizes were often limited and only few studies were able to adjust for relevant molecular features associated with cimp.
the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cimp on crc survival in a large population-based study with comprehensive adjustment.
methods : the cimp status and other molecular tumour features were analysed in @number@ crc patients diagnosed between @number@ and @number@
detailed information were obtained from standardised personal interviews and medical records.
during follow-up ( median : @number@ years ) , we assessed vital status , cause of death and therapy details.
similar benefit of chemotherapy was found for crc outcomes in both the cimp-low / negative group and the cimp-high group.
conclusions : cpg island methylator phenotype was not associated with crc prognosis after adjusting for other important clinical factors and associated mutations.
background : prior studies suggest being overweight may be protective against poor functional outcomes in older adults.
gait speed was measured at visit @number@ ( \ "late-life \ " , aged ≥65 years , n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : being overweight in older age was not protective of mobility function.
maintaining a normal bmi in mid- and late-life may help preserve late-life mobility.
background : among older adults , both olfaction and motor function predict future cognitive decline and dementia , suggesting potential shared causal pathways.
however , it is not known whether olfactory and motor function are independently related in late life.
we used multiple linear regression to test whether olfaction-motor associations were independent of cognition and depressive symptoms.
longitudinal studies are needed to determine if olfactory performance predicts future mobility and functional decline.
background : the increasing prevalence of alzheimer's dementia ( ad ) has shifted the burden of management towards primary care ( pc ) .
our aim is to compare diagnostic process and management of ad in pc and specialist care ( sc ) .
design : cross-sectional study.
subjects : a total of , @number@ patients diagnosed with ad registered 2011-14 in svedem , the swedish dementia registry.
methods : descriptive statistics are shown.
results : a total of , @number@ ( @percent@ ) ad patients from sc and @number@ ( @percent@ ) from pc.
in both , @percent@ of patients were women.
fewer diagnostic tests were performed in pc and diagnostic time was shorter.
basic testing was less likely to be complete in pc.
the greatest differences were found for neuroimaging ( @percent@ in pc vs. @percent@ in sc ) and clock tests ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
these differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for mmse and demographic characteristics.
conclusion : primary and specialist ad patients differ in background characteristics , and this can influence diagnostic work-up and treatment.
pc excels in restriction of antipsychotic use.
use of head ct and clock test in pc are areas for improvement in sweden.
background : physical performance is a key factor that determines how older people cope with daily tasks and maintain independency.
there is strong evidence suggesting that physical activity ( pa ) is important in maintaining physical performance in old age.
however , most studies have been done using self-reported pa.
our aim was to explore the association between objectively measured pa and physical performance in old age.
methods : we studied @number@ participants ( mean age @number@ years , sd @number@ ) from the helsinki birth cohort study.
physical performance was assessed with the senior fitness test ( sft ) and pa with a multisensory activity monitor sensewear pro @number@ armband.
there were no significant differences between men and women.
conclusions : volume of objectively measured pa among older people was positively associated with the physical performance measured with a validated fitness test battery.
background : risk factors for late-life depression have been studied in high-income countries , but there have been no longitudinal studies from middle-income countries.
methods : creles contains baseline interviews in @number@ ( n = 2827 ) with follow-up interviews in @number@ and @number@
participants self-reported antidepressant use and chronic health conditions.
we examined correlates of newly screened depression and new antidepressant use among participants not depressed or not using antidepressants in the previous study wave.
we used generalized estimating equations to estimate the association among variables.
results : increases in disability were associated with newly screening for mild and severe depression.
new medical conditions and recent widowhood were associated with newly screening for severe depression.
recent widowhood was also associated with new use of antidepressant medication.
conclusions : risk factors for late-life depression in costa rica are similar to risk factors in high-income countries.
methods : this study enrolled @number@ empty-nest elderly as the study respondents.
conclusions : the resilience status of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories.
each category had different characteristics of demographic information.
objectives : impulsivity is a construct that is strongly associated with gambling disorder ( gd ) .
method : the final sample consisted of @number@ consecutive participants.
however , no sex differences were found for the assessed impulsivity dimensions.
lack of perseverance was positively associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and harm avoidance trait , and negatively related to persistence and self-directedness traits.
humans in modern societies typically consume food at least three times daily , while laboratory animals are fed ad libitum.
pf also promotes stem cell-based regeneration as well as long-lasting metabolic effects.
identifying the brain sources of neural activation during processing of emotional information remains a very challenging task.
in this work , we investigated the response to different emotional stimuli and the effect of age on the neuronal activation.
brain source localization was utilized to study the modulations in the early n170 event-related-potential component.
the results revealed alterations in the amplitude of n170 and the localization of areas with maximum neural activation.
furthermore , age-induced differences are shown in the topographic maps and the neural activation for both emotional stimuli.
overall , aging appeared to affect the limbic area and its implication to emotional processing.
this study used a correlational approach to clarify the mechanisms involved in modulation coding.
amplitude-modulation ( am ) and frequency-modulation ( fm ) detection thresholds ( amdts and fmdts , respectively ) were assessed for @number@ normal-hearing listeners.
in order to increase between-listeners variability in peripheral coding , participants with a wide range of age ( 20-70 years ) were included.
amdts and fmdts were measured at a 5-hz rate , using a 500-hz sinusoidal carrier.
fmdts were also measured in the presence of an interfering am to discourage the use of temporal-envelope cues.
the results showed that amdts were significantly correlated with fmdts , but not with fmdts measured with interfering am.
fmdts with and without interfering am were significantly correlated with each other.
the analyses also showed that age was correlated with fmdts only.
however , no significant difference was found when comparing the various correlations with age.
hence , the effects of age on modulation sensitivity remain unclear.
assessing older adults with the current tests raises concerns because these measures may not be adequately normed for this age group.
malingering , factitious disorders , and somatoform disorders are discussed due to health-related issues of normal aging.
these topics complicate the assessment procedure and need consideration because they may affect the claimant's performance or symptom presentation.
although claims of posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) are common in civil litigation cases , it can be additionally complex in older adults.
the evaluator needs to weigh not only factors related to the normal biological process of aging but also those that are attendant with the litigation.
methods : european society hypertension guidelines were used as a 5-stage risk score.
age- and cohort-matching was done between @number@ untreated subjects with wch and @number@ normotensive control subjects.
the hr was not significant for @number@ participants with low-risk wch and age-matched low-risk normotensive subjects.
conclusions : wce size is related to aging , not to cvd risk.
cvd risk in most persons with wch is comparable to age- and risk-adjusted normotensive control subjects.
dementia is a syndrome associated with a wide range of clinical features including progressive cognitive decline and patient inability to self-care.
in this review , only spontaneous protein modifications such as deamidation , oxidation , nitration glycation and carbamylation are reviewed and discussed.
none : the presence of only small amounts of misfolded protein is an indication of a healthy proteome.
maintaining proteome health , or more specifically , \ "proteostasis , \ " is the purview of the \ "proteostasis network. \ "
this network must respond to constant fluctuations in the amount of destabilized proteins caused by errors in protein synthesis and exposure to acute proteotoxic conditions.
aging is associated with a gradual increase in damaged and misfolded protein , which places additional stress on the machinery of the proteostasis network.
therefore , subtle changes in the folding environment that occur during aging can significantly impact the health of the proteome.
reviewers : this article was reviewed by luigi bubacco , patrick lewis and xavier roucou.
background : to evaluate a potential correlation between flexural strength and indirect tensile strength in assessing the mechanical strength of resin composite cements.
specimens were either auto-polymerized or dual-cured ( except p21 ) and stored in water at @number@ °c for @number@ day prior to measurement.
in the indirect tensile strength test differences in auto-polymerized and dual-cured specimens were only detected for rxu and dcm.
a general non-linear correlation was found between flexural and indirect tensile strength values.
however , strength values of auto-polymerized and dual-cured specimens did not generally correlate.
conclusions : flexural strength and indirect tensile strength of resin composite cements are correlated.
at high strength values the indirect tensile test is less sensitive than the flexural test.
the results suggest that the indirect tensile test may only be recommended as a screening test especially for low or medium strength resin composite cements.
background : the use of ( frids ) has been associated with increased risk of falls and associated injuries.
hrqol was measured at baseline and at @number@ months follow-up using the euroqol-5d and short form-12 version @number@
the change in scores between the control and intervention groups were compared using a two-way analysis of variance.
results : we included @number@ older persons who visited an emergency department because of a fall.
the mean cost of the frids intervention was €120 per patient.
however , the withdrawal of frids reduced medication costs with a mean of €38 per participant.
the change in the short form-12 physical component summary and mental component summary scores did not differ significantly between the two groups.
so far , no biological explanation has been suggested for the positive effect of delivering sons later in life.
silent mating type information regulation @number@ homolog @number@ ( sirt1 ) , a nad-dependent deacetylase , mediates cellular processes involved in gene silencing and aging.
the rosiglitazone-mediated increase in sirt1 stability is accompanied by upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase ( mkp ) -7 , a jnk-specific phosphatase.
these effects are significantly influenced by ablation or ectopic expression of pparγ , indicating that pparγ is directly involved in the regulation of sirt1 stability.
furthermore , gain of mkp-7 function mimicked the effect of rosiglitazone on lps-induced destabilization and ubiquitination of sirt1.
these results indicate that pparγ-dependent upregulation of mkp-7 improves the stability of sirt1 by inactivating jnk during inflammatory responses of lps-activated macrophages.
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells ( trems ) receptors constitute a family modulators in human innate immunity system that encode by a gene cluster.
rare variants in trem2 were reported to be associated with significant alzheimer's disease ( ad ) risk.
however , inconsistent results were also reported in some studies of non-european descents.
in this review , we converged the data of genetic and clinical investigations to identify the clearer role of trems in ad.
here , comprehensively analyze of multidisciplinary fields highlights the contribution of trems locus to ad development.
one minute epoch data was used to perform sax , which converted accelerometry time series data into four activity levels.
intelligent icons of normalized activity transition prevalence , a visual representation of time-series data , were examined among those who self-reported mobility difficulty.
those reporting higher mobility difficulty tended to be older , female , less educated , not married , and smokers.
using sax-derived intelligent icons , those with no difficulty showed high variations of transitions across all activity levels.
with higher difficulty , the variations in transitions were lower and constricted around low activity level transitions.
in summary , this analysis showed apparent differences in stratified activity patterns even when traditional regression analyses on volumetric accelerometer data yielded null results.
endothelial cells ( ec ) respond to injury by releasing numerous factors , including von willebrand factor ( vwf ) .
the genetic , pharmacological , physiological , and pathological aspects related to adamts13 / vwf have been extensively investigated.
context : skeletal muscle protein synthesis is highly responsive to food intake.
it has been suggested that the postprandial increase in circulating insulin modulates the muscle protein synthetic response to feeding.
multiple studies have indicated a strong correlation between these two diseases.
amylin oligomerization in the brain appears to be a novel risk factor for developing ad.
this study investigated the validity and reliability of the microsoft kinect @date@ as a potential inexpensive gait analysis tool.
strains were identified by phoenix100 system , 16s rrna sequencing , and two maldi-tof ms platforms ( bruker biotyper , vitek ms ) .
antibiotic resistance was determined both phenotypically and genotypically , and clonality was assessed by pfge.
most of strains ( @percent@ ) were isolated from urine , and diabetes was the most common underlying disease ( @percent@ ) .
although both maldi-tof ms systems correctly identified isolates to the species level , only bruker biotyper accurately identified to the subspecies level.
erythromycin-resistant strains ( @percent@ ) were also clindamycin-resistant and positive for erm ( b ) .
strains resistant to tetracycline ( @percent@ ) were also resistant to erythromycin.
pfge showed high genetic variability identifying @number@ different pulsotypes , most of which single.
regular physical activity is effective as prevention and treatment for different chronic conditions related to the ageing processes.
g6pd deficiency has been the most pervasive inherited disorder in the world since having been discovered.
g6pd has an antioxidant role by functioning as a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( nadph ) provider to reduce excessive oxidative stress.
hence , g6pd also has a pro-oxidant role.
research in the past has focused on the enhanced susceptibility of g6pd-deficient cells or individuals to oxidative challenge.
the cytoregulatory role of g6pd has largely been overlooked.
recently , new cellular / physiologic roles of g6pd have been discovered.
g6pd may play an important role in embryogenesis as g6pd-knockdown mouse cannot produce offspring and g6pd-deficient c. elegans with defective egg production and hatching.
hypertension ( i.e. , outcome ) was identified by self-report.
the independent variables were body mass index ( bmi≥27kg / m results : the results showed sex differences in all study characteristics.
whtr was the indicator most strongly associated with hypertension ( or = 2.97 ; @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
for men , only bmi and the combined indicators were associated with hypertension.
combined measures of bmi + whtr showed a stronger association with the outcome ( or = 2.68 ; ic95% @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusion : the associated indicators differed between the sexes.
the combination of bmi + wc and bmi + whtr using current cut-off points may provide an improved measure of hypertension risk.
an infrequently studied question is how diverse combinations of built environment ( be ) features relate to physical activity ( pa ) for older adults.
latent profile analyses ( lpas ) were estimated from these gis-based measures.
analyses were conducted in 2014-2015.
results : of the tweets , @percent@ occurred before the mammogram compared to @percent@ that occurred afterward ( remainder of tweets indeterminate ) .
of the tweets , @percent@ contained humor , of which @percent@ related to compression.
social media thus warrants further evaluation as a potential tool to help foster greater adherence to screening guidelines.
in this article , we argue for a reorientation of palliative care to explicitly integrate the premises of health equity.
context : the currently applied reference ranges for thyroid function are under debate.
design and setting : we identified studies through a systematic literature search and the thyroid studies collaboration , a collaboration of prospective cohort studies.
design : this was a prospective observational cohort study.
interventions : prior to iva treatment , all patients received routine hormonal treatments with no follicle development.
we removed one ovary from patients with poi and treated them with akt stimulators.
we improved upon early procedures by grafting back fresh tissues using a simplified protocol.
for two patients showing no spontaneous follicle growth , human menopausal gonadotropin treatment induced follicle growth at 6-8 months after grafting.
after vitro fertilization of oocyte retrieved , four early embryos were derived.
following embryo transfer , one patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy baby boy , with three other embryos under cryopreservation.
conclusion : iva technology can effectively activate residual follicles in some patients with poi and allow them to conceive their own genetic offspring.
iva may also be useful for treating patients with ovarian dysfunction including aging women and cancer survivors.
to cope with immune responses , tumour cells implement elaborate strategies such as adaptive resistance and induction of t-cell exhaustion.
t-cell exhaustion has been identified as a state of hyporesponsiveness that arises under continuous antigenic stimulus.
nevertheless , contribution of co-stimulatory molecules to t-cell exhaustion in cancer remains to be better defined.
they are considered a new class of endocrine regulators with promising potential as biomarkers.
objective : evaluation of circulating mirna signatures in male and female subjects with idiopathic and postmenopausal osteoporotic low-traumatic fractures.
a set of @number@ mirnas was consistently regulated in all three subgroups.
the @number@ remaining mirnas showed area under the curve values between @number@ and @number@
therefore mirnas might be directly linked to bone tissue homeostasis.
objective : this study sought to examine associations between sal-t and health-related factors in men and women age 18-74 years.
design and setting : morning saliva samples were obtained from participants in a cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the general british population ( natsal-3 ) .
self-reported health and lifestyle questions were administered as part of a wider sexual health interview.
participants : study participants included @number@ men and @number@ women.
methods : sal-t was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.
linear regression was used to examine associations between health factors and mean sal-t.
the decline in sal-t with increasing age remained after adjustment for health-related factors.
our results demonstrate the potential of sal-t as a convenient measure of tissue androgen exposure for population research.
this tracking and balance task is made progressively more difficult by increasing the disk's overall excursion amplitude.
tracking and com response delays remained constant , however , at @number@ s and @number@ s , respectively.
we also performed detailed spectral analyses of group-representative response data for each of the five overall excursion amplitudes.
we found that for frequencies less than @number@ hz , rmse generally decreased , while rmse normalized to disk motion amplitude generally increased.
rmsd , on the other hand , decreased monotonically.
these findings quantitatively characterize the amplitude- and frequency-dependent nature of young healthy tracking and balance in this task.
this makes a comprehensive quantification of young healthy balance performance possible.
the results of such analyses could be used in work space design and in fall-prevention instructional materials , for both the home and work place.
materials and methods : we designed a questionnaire with @number@ items representing @number@ themes that emerged from prior in-depth interviews with icu patients and families.
after pilot testing , items with minimal variability were eliminated.
the resulting 21-item questionnaire was administered to patients and families in @number@ adult icus.
psychometric analyses were conducted.
results : fifty-seven questionnaires were completed.
factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional scale consisting of @number@ items with an α of @number@ and an eigen value of @number@
factor loadings ranged from @number@ to @number@ and item-test correlations ranged from @number@ to @number@
the mean total score was @number@ out of a maximum of @number@
scores were lower for surgical than medical or disease-specific icus.
conclusions : the \ "icu-respect \ " index demonstrates high reliability and concurrent validity in icu patients and families.
future research should validate this index in other icu settings , assess its predictive validity , and evaluate different methods for maximizing response rate.
objective : to assess the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in young men with suspected pais in relation to the results of ar analysis.
of the cohort , @number@ men ( @percent@ ) had @number@ different ar mutations reported.
all cases with an ar mutation had gynecomastia , compared to @percent@ of those without an ar mutation.
of the six men who had a mastectomy , five ( @percent@ ) had an ar mutation.
routine genetic analysis of ar to confirm pais informs long-term prognosis and management.
long-wavelength solar uv radiation is implicated in photodamage to the human eye.
these reactions may contribute to the formation of lens cataracts in humans.
rates of these surgeries in north america are growing , coinciding with increasing obesity and an aging population.
we reviewed all ssis within @number@ days of surgical procedures between @date@ , and @date@ .
results : there were @number@ ssi cases reviewed.
rates of ssi ( per @number@ procedures ) were @number@ and @number@ for hip and knee arthroplasties , respectively.
seventy-nine percent of infections occurred within @number@ days postoperatively.
stratified by time to infection , larger proportions of knee ssis occurred after @number@ days versus hip ssi.
colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) was associated with subsequent infection ( odds ratio , @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.2-154.2 ) .
we have identified important characteristics that may be helpful for determining optimal prevention strategies.
decolonization techniques may decrease subsequent mrsa ssi in colonized patients.
we quantify the impact of these factors on the number of persons with symptomatic knee oa in the early decades of the 21st century.
incorporating contemporary obesity rates and population estimates , we calculated the number of persons living with symptomatic knee oa.
results : we estimate that approximately @number@ million persons had symptomatic knee oa , with advanced oa comprising more than half of those cases.
this includes more than @number@ million persons of racial / ethnic minorities ( african american , hispanic , and other ) .
conclusion : more than half of all persons with symptomatic knee oa are younger than @number@ years of age.
these data emphasize the need for the deployment of innovative prevention and treatment strategies for knee oa , especially among younger persons.
human psychometric intelligence can predict a number of important social and academic outcomes.
here , we review the representative environmental factors known to affect human intellectual development during each developmental stage.
in conclusion , environmental factors that affect children's intellectual development lead to three patterns of brain structural change.
the first is global change in the brain structure , observed more often in the earlier phase of development.
these changes may underlie the alterations in children's intellectual development that is induced by environmental factors.
survey measures included baseline emotional support , fatalism , and acceptance and emotional well-being @number@ months later.
generalized linear models estimated direct effects of emotional support on emotional well-being and indirect effects through fatalism and acceptance.
results : mean age was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) years ; most women had low education and acculturation levels.
in multivariable models , emotional support was associated with emotional well-being ( b = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : emotional support may increase well-being among spanish-speaking latina cancer survivors by reducing cancer fatalism.copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
despite its prevalence , there is currently no universally adopted definition of sarcopenia.
in addition to low muscle mass measurements , recent research has recognized the importance of muscle strength and physical performance.
aging induces changes in body composition , such as an increase in visceral fat and reduced muscle mass.
recently , the new concept of sarcopenic obesity has emerged , reflecting a combination of sarcopenia and obesity.
the rapidly increasing prevalence and serious consequences of sarcopenic obesity are recognized as a critical public health risk in the aging society.
sarcopenia and obesity share several pathophysiological mechanisms , and they may potentiate each other.
the present paper reviews the definitions and techniques used to measure sarcopenia , as well as the health outcomes of sarcopenic obesity.
it also highlights the role of diminished muscle mass and strength in cardiometabolic disease mortality.
additional research may be needed to promote the identification and management of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly population.
introduction : the development of functional limitations among adults aged @number@ or older has profound effects on individual and population resources.
improved understanding of the relationship between functional limitations and co-occurring chronic diseases ( multimorbidity ) is an emerging area of interest.
results : the prevalence of multimorbidity in this population was @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval [ ci ] , 65%-68% ) .
these findings underscore the importance of addressing age and sex differences when formulating prevention strategies.
methods : this is achieved by a two-stage process.
in the second stage , a bayesian inference method is used to select attributes from which a predictive model is built.
there are @number@ people living with parkinson's in the uk.
the condition is particularly prevalent among older people , and the ageing uk population means this number is expected to rise.
the gut microbiota is the assembly of microorganisms living in our intestine and their genomes are known as the microbiome.
the correct composition and functionality of this microbiome is essential for maintaining a \ "healthy status. \ "
objective : decompose cognitive change into influences unique to particular cognitive domains , and influences shared across different cognitive domains.
longitudinal change was assessed by the ( t2 - t1 ) difference between scores on the @number@ occasions.
( psycinfo database record physical and imagined movements show similar behavioral constraints and neurophysiological activation patterns.
an inhibition mechanism is thought to suppress overt movement during motor imagery , but it does not effectively suppress autonomic or postural adjustments.
inhibitory processes and postural stability both deteriorate with age.
thus , older people's balance is potentially vulnerable to interference from postural adjustments induced by thoughts about past or future actions.
here , young and older adults stood upright and executed or imagined manual reaching movements.
reported arm movement time ( mt ) of all participants increased with target distance.
older participants reported longer mt than young participants when executing arm movements , but not when imagining them.
in contrast , young adults ' ap sway increased during imagery relative to their baseline.
a similar tendency to reduce sway in the ml direction was also observed in older adults during imagery in a challenging stance.
these results suggest that postural response during manual motor imagery reverses direction with age.
motor imagery and action planning are ubiquitous tasks , and older people are likely to spend more time engaged in them.
it can also be argued that these performance profiles mirror and provide an insight into the trajectory of the physiology of the human ageing process.
exercising at levels below the set point will result in ageing being contaminated by the unpredictable and pathological effects of inactivity.
exercise above this threshold stimulates adaptations towards maximising athletic performance , but is unlikely to have further beneficial effects on health.
thus the decades-long , controlled diminution in athletic performance , should not be seen as a disease process.
the ageing process is separate from , and independent of , exercise-mediated processes that maintain or adapt physiological function.
whether an understanding of these mechanisms will also help uncover mechanisms underpinning the ageing process itself is open to question.
however , any model which does not take into account the effects of activity will not adequately describe the inherent ageing process.
finding possible interventions to age-associated disorders therefore have wide ranging implications.
a number of genetically defined accelerated aging diseases have been characterized that can aid in our understanding of aging.
interestingly , all these diseases are associated with defects in the maintenance of our genome.
emerging evidence has linked this organelle to aging and finding mitochondrial dysfunction in accelerated aging disorders thereby strengthens the mitochondrial theory of aging.
this theory states that an accumulation of damage to the mitochondria may underlie the process of aging.
indeed , it appears that some accelerated aging disorders that show neurodegeneration also have mitochondrial dysfunction.
the mitochondrial alterations may be secondary to defects in nuclear dna repair.
these changes may be caused by activation of @number@ ( parp1 ) , an enzyme that responds to dna damage.
upon activation parp1 utilizes key metabolites that attenuate pathways that are normally protective for the cell.
residents of canada's rural and remote communities know the challenges associated with accessing consistent healthcare.
jurisdictions interested in attempting their own telehealth program will be interested in the challenges and successes identified during the process.
although the project was successful , further studies are needed to determine if similar findings could be expected in other communities and populations.
throughout the world , people are living longer , and chronic and degenerative diseases are on the rise ( bloom et al.
@number@ national institute on aging and who @number@ yach et al.
@number@ ) .
these factors place great demands on healthcare systems and threaten sustainability.
fundamental changes are needed to improve health outcomes and reduce costs.
changes that affect desired outcomes include aligning and understanding stakeholders ' motivations and behaviours as well as gaps in key processes.
through that understanding , when desired outcomes are not achieved , we can answer why.
a system perspective provides insight into what changes to make , and system maps are critical tools to help gain that system perspective.
canada's health and its care are evolving.
stakeholders are , however , somewhat pessimistic and many sense complete rebuilding , or major changes , may be necessary.
another example in which high levels of support may not necessarily translate into priority implementation of promising interventions is the realm of patient-centred care.
the public and all professionals report a very high level of general support for care provided in a caring and respectful manner.
however , while the public rank it second in implementation priority , following timely access , the majority of professionals rank it only fourth.
in summary , canadians are at a healthcare crossroads.
population health is decreasing , chronic diseases are increasing and desire for timely access to patient-centred , team-delivered and technology-supported care remain top concerns.
and there is concordance around the leadership best suited to lead innovation.
things can be better.
breast cancer is often studied in young women ; however , much investigation remains to be done on breast cancer in our expanding elderly population.
diagnostic and management strategies applicable to younger patients cannot be empirically used to manage older breast cancer patients.
lack of evidence-based data continues to be the major impediment toward delivery of personalized cancer care to elderly breast cancer patients.
continuing efforts for enrolling elderly breast cancer patients in contemporary clinical trials , and thus improving age-appropriate care , are emphasized.
an important trigger for anti- or pro-apoptotic cell responses are different forms of stress including hypoxia , energy deprivation , dna damage or inflammation.
anti-apoptotic strategies cover a broad range of approaches.
aging-associated cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) have some risk factors that are closely related to oxidative stress.
estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism.
background : mortality in children with severe acute malnutrition ( sam ) remains high despite standardized rehabilitation protocols.
two forms of sam are classically distinguished : kwashiorkor and marasmus.
children with kwashiorkor have nutritional edema and metabolic disturbances , including hypoalbuminemia and hepatic steatosis , whereas marasmus is characterized by severe wasting.
the metabolic changes underlying these phenotypes have been poorly characterized , and whether homeostasis is achieved during hospital stay is unclear.
serum from patients with sam was obtained at hospital admission and @number@ d after nutritional stabilization and from community controls.
several phosphatidylcholines and some acylcarnitines also differed.
patients with sam had profiles that were profoundly different from those of stunted and nonstunted controls , even after clinical stabilization.
amino acids and biogenic amines generally improved with nutritional rehabilitation , but most sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines did not.
conclusions : children with kwashiorkor were metabolically distinct from those with marasmus , and were more prone to severe metabolic disruptions.
children with sam showed metabolic profiles that were profoundly different from stunted and nonstunted controls , even after clinical stabilization.
therefore , metabolic recovery in children with sam likely extends beyond discharge , which may explain the poor long-term outcomes in these children.
this trial was registered at isrctn.org as isrctn13916953.
none : aging is accompanied by profound changes in the brain's dopamine system that affect cognitive function.
evidence of powerful individual differences in cognitive aging has sharpened focus on identifying biological factors underlying relative preservation versus vulnerability to decline.
dopamine represents a key target in these efforts.
alterations of dopamine receptors and dopamine synthesis are seen in aging , with receptors generally showing reduction and synthesis demonstrating increases.
combining in vivo pet imaging of dopamine synthesis capacity , fmri , and a sensitive measure of cognitive flexibility , we reveal three core findings.
first , we find evidence supporting older adults ' capacity to upregulate dopamine synthesis.
second , we define relationships between dopamine , cognition , and frontoparietal activity in young adults indicating high levels of synthesis capacity are optimal.
third , we demonstrate alteration of these relationships in older adults , suggesting neurochemical modulation of cognitive flexibility changes with age.
wg definitions focus on the principal components of the wgs and their proportions , whereas wg-food definitions describe the quantity of wgs present in food.
this article summarizes the main opportunities and challenges that were identified during the meeting for defining wgs and wg foods internationally.
aspects of existentialism relevant to existence and death anxiety ( da ) are discussed.
the attempted separation of da from object anxiety is a significant difficulty.
the correlations among age , gender , and da are variable.
furthermore , methodological and linguistic problems in da research are considered.
the article suggests qualitative methodologies as an interpersonal means of exploring da within the contexts of psychotherapy and counselling.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and positron emission tomography ( pet ) provide structural and functional information.
diffusion mri adds another dimension by showing graded damage to white matter , making it more sensitive to white matter injury than flair.
regions of neuroinflammatory disruption of the blood-brain barrier with increased permeability can be quantified and visualized with dynamic contrast-enhanced mri.
pet shows metabolism of glucose and accumulation of amyloid and tau , which is useful in showing abnormal metabolism in alzheimer's disease.
excellent anatomical detail can be observed with @number@.0-tesla mri.
imaging is the optimal method to follow the effect of treatments since changes in mri scans are seen prior to those in cognition.
this review describes the role of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.
in a cross-sectional study , persons with sci ( n = @number@ time since injury of ≥10 years ) were tested.
thirty-nine percent of the participants had mets.
in a multivariate logistic regression analyses and after performing a backward regression analysis , only age and education were significant determinants of the mets.
a 10-year increase in age leads to a @number@ times more chance to have the mets.
furthermore , people with a low education will multiply the relative risk of mets compared with people with high education by almost @number@
with and without correcting for confounders , no significant relationship was found between pasipd or peak aerobic capacity and the mets.
older people and those with a lower education level are most at risk for the mets.
physical activity and peak aerobic fitness were not related to the mets in this group with a long-standing sci.
due to functionally distinct cell-mediated immunity , newborns and infants are highly susceptible to infection with intracellular pathogens.
combination adjuvantation systems may provide enhanced immune activation but have typically been developed without regard to the age of the target population.
we posited that distinct combinations of tlras and c-type lectin receptor agonists may enhance th1 responses of newborn dcs.
however , increased life expectancy with hiv introduces the added complication of age-related cognitive decline.
aging with hiv has been associated with poorer cognitive outcomes compared to hiv-negative adults.
aim : age is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury ( aki ) .
the causes and outcomes of aki in children , middle-aged , and older patients are different.
the objective of this country-based study was to identify the characteristics and mortality factors for aki in different age groups in china.
the identification criteria for aki included the @number@ kdigo aki definition and an expanded criterion.
results : the country-based survey included @number@ aki patients ( 7604 / 374 , 286 , @percent@ ) .
the proportions of aki in the four age groups were @time@ % , @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : the characteristics and mortality factors for aki vary by age in china.
elderly patients were the primary population with aki , and the most common type of aki was pre-renal aki.
special caution should be taken to the old population in hospitalized patients to prevent the pre-renal aki.
design : retrospective cross-sectional analysis.
participants : all ed visits of individuals aged @number@ and older.
measurements : the primary outcome was elder abuse defined according to international classification of diseases , ninth revision , clinical modification diagnosis codes.
the proportion of visits with elder abuse was estimated using survey weights.
odds ratios ( ors ) were calculated to identify demographic characteristics and common ed diagnoses associated with elder abuse.
results : in @number@ neds contained information on @number@ ed visits of older adults , representing an estimated @number@ ed visits.
neglect and physical abuse were the most common types diagnosed , accounting for @percent@ and @percent@ of cases , respectively.
in the @number@ nhamcs dataset , no cases of elder abuse were recorded for the @number@ older adult ed visits.
efforts to improve the identification of elder abuse in eds may be warranted.
body composition and muscle function have important implications for falls and fractures in older adults.
participants were contacted every @number@ months for @number@ ± @number@ years to ascertain incident falls and fractures , the latter being confirmed by radiographic reports.
sarcopenic obese men did not have significantly different total hip bmd over @number@ years compared with non-sarcopenic non-obese men ( p > @number@ ) .
although dystrophin-negative mdx mouse models have classically been used to study dmd , phenotypes appear mild compared to patients.
as a result , characterization of muscle pathology , especially in the heart , has proven difficult.
inflammation , regeneration and fibrosis are observed at the whole organ level , both in dystrophin-negative and dystrophin-positive portions of the chimeric tissues.
skeletal and cardiac muscle function are also decreased to mdx levels.
chimeric mice lack typical compensatory utrophin upregulation , and show pathological remodeling of connexin-43.
in addition , dystrophin-negative and dystrophin-positive isolated cardiomyocytes show augmented calcium response to mechanical stress , similar to mdx cells.
these global effects highlight a novel role of mdx escs in triggering muscular dystrophy even when only low amounts are present.
stem cells @number@ ; 35 : 597-610.
the present review summarizes the knowledge about a protein-interaction network , which includes proteins with significant functions in the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
tppii and sirt6 directly affect glucose metabolism which drive malignant growth.
in addition , sirt6 activators are attractive candidates for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) due to the protection effect of sirt6 overexpression from dna damage.
an association of the partial portion of cellular cd147 to γ-secretase further supports the functional relation to ad pathology.
they demonstrate similar effects on the length of life span , premature aging , and lipid metabolism.
the presented protein-interaction network is relevant to the discoveries of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis , aging , and neurodegeneration.
recent studies suggest that adaptive immunity is necessary , but not sufficient , for host defense against mycobacteria.
heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) has been recognized as a critical modulator of granuloma formation and programmed cell death in mycobacterial infections.
lower ponderal index ( pi ) was associated with a higher rate of chd-related hospital in-patient care during the time period.
we observed a linear increase in chd-related hospital in-patient care costs across pi groups.
as part of the chronic disease paradigm now widely used for hiv in sub-saharan africa , antiretroviral treatment programs emphasize self-care.
in the informal settlements of mombasa , kenya , the management of stress-associated with economic precariousness-plays a significant role in self-care practices and ideologies.
based on ethnographic fieldwork , we examine how local narratives of stress and self-care intertwine with social responsibilities of older hiv-positive people.
the physical reality of living with hiv thus shapes relational networks , making self-care a social practice.
aims : to explore nurses ' perspectives on how leaders influence function-focused care , defined as care that preserves and restores older people's functional abilities.
background : hospitalised older people are at risk of functional decline.
although leaders have the potential to influence function-focused care , few studies have explored nurses ' perspectives on how leaders influence function-focused care.
methods : thirteen focus groups were held with @number@ acute care nurses.
semi-structured questions prompted discussion on nurses ' perspectives , needs and strategies to meet their needs.
data were thematically analysed.
conclusions : leaders should connect with practice to devise age-sensitive efficiency initiatives that support function-focused care.
nurses need support from leaders in four areas to provide function-focused care to older people in the current hospital context.
implications : the findings provide direction on how leaders can facilitate function-focused care in the current health-care environment emphasising system efficiency.
even without significant aortic valve stenosis , aortic sclerosis is associated with a @percent@ increased risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
to date , there is no pharmacological treatment available to reverse or hinder the progression of cavd.
several studies have suggested that other vasoactive hormones , including endothelin and apelin systems are also associated with development of as.
key messages vasoactive factors are involved in the progression of calcific aortic valve disease.
endothelin and renin-angiotensin systems seem to be most prominent targets for therapeutic interventions in the view of valvular pathogenesis.
circulating vasoactive factors may provide targets for diagnostic tools of calcified aortic valve disease.
however , until now there has been only one attempt to define se in the international literature ( @number@ ) .
despite these merits , we argue that this definition of se has some serious omissions that are important in capturing se comprehensively.
introduction se is a topic of vital importance to individual employees , organizations and society alike.
it generally refers to employees ' capacities to function in work throughout their working life.
for individuals , work provides meaning , financial security as well as social contacts.
organizations need productive employees to survive.
this definition is accompanied by an equally recent operationalization of se as a set of capabilities ( @number@ ) .
as mentioned , the present paper provides a critical reflection on van der klink et al's aforementioned definition of se ( @number@ ) .
merits van der klink et al's definition of se ( @number@ ) has three important merits.
first , se is seen as a multidimensional construct.
moreover , the individual's health and well-being as well as attitudinal and motivational aspects are included in the definition as well.
this acknowledgement of the multidimensionality of se is favorable , as it illustrates the complexity of the construct and of what constitutes functioning in work.
the icf underlines the multifaceted and complex nature of functioning in which disease , environmental factors , and personal factors play a role.
as such , the definition describes an equal responsibility for employee and employer to maintain the employee's ability to work.
this is essential as \ "sustainable \ " necessarily implies a time dimension.
need for further development despite the aforementioned merits , there are important needs for improvement of van der klink et al's definition of se.
first , it is not immediately clear from the definition what particular element ( s ) of the work situation constitute ( s ) se.
more clarity on this issue is needed.
second , the definition seems to treat se as a characteristic of both the job and the individual at the same time.
instead , employability is a characteristic of the individual alone.
for an adequate definition of se , it is essential to disentangle these relationships between causes ( employment ) and effects ( employability ) .
this is problematic , as before such claims can be made , such relationships need to be tested with se as criterion.
this is , however , impossible within the approach van der klink et al provides.
( @number@ ) , as se is equated with its predictor ( s ) .
therefore , similar to the first conceptual issue , it seems unlikely that the capability set adequately reflects se.
fourth , the definition by van der klink et al ( @number@ ) suggests that se only applies to individuals who are employed.
however , individuals who are not currently working can still be highly employable and even sustainably so , but just be between jobs.
it is therefore not required for individuals to be enabled by their employer to be sustainably employable.
moreover , future approaches to se should define the concept in such a way that it is applicable to every individual regardless of employment status.
the definition rightfully acknowledges the longitudinal dimension of se , but its operationalization focuses solely on achieving value.
although achieving value at work may be an important predictor of se , a complete operationalization and definition should include its longitudinal nature as well.
outlook in conclusion , while van der klink et al's definition of se ( @number@ ) does have strong merits , it requires further improvement.
these guidelines should not only enable the development of an appropriate definition of se but also a conceptually sound way of measuring the construct.
however , due to its downregulated expression with aging , rgn is also known as senescence marker protein-30.
the rgn protein is an x-chromosome gene product , whose transcription is regulated by a myriad of hormonal and non-hormonal factors.
rgn has been shown to have antioxidant properties by its activity reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and increasing the antioxidant defenses.
the role of rgn suppressing cell proliferation is associated with the regulation of expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
it results clear that all the existent knowledge implicates rgn in the control of the main biological processes actually recognized as the hallmarks of cancer.
resting-state functional magnetic resonance image is a useful technique for investigating brain functional connectivity at rest.
both methods have wide applications for low signal-to-noise ratio data.
results from our simulation studies show that the thresholds chosen by the proposed stability criteria outperform the bonferroni threshold.
copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
accentuated kyphosis is associated with adverse health outcomes , including falls and fractures.
low bone density is a risk factor for hyperkyphosis , and each vertebral fracture adds roughly 4° to forward spine curvature.
we , therefore , hypothesized that low bioavailable estradiol and high shbg would be associated with worse kyphosis.
to test this hypothesis , we examined the cross-sectional associations between individual bioavailable sex hormones and shbg with radiographically assessed kyphosis.
modified cobb angle of kyphosis , calculated from t4 through t12 , was assessed from supine lateral spine radiographs.
serum total estradiol and total testosterone were measured by mass spectrometry , and bioavailable sex steroids were calculated from mass action equations.
logistic models demonstrated similar findings.
although associated with bone loss , we did not demonstrate that low bioavailable estradiol translates into worse kyphosis in older men.
high shbg is associated with bone loss and vertebral fractures.
our results suggest that high shbg may also be a risk factor for hyperkyphosis. © @number@ american society for bone and mineral research.
in patients receiving permanent cardiac electrical stimulation , a high burden of apical right ventricular pacing is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure.
despite the large body of electrocardiographic , echocardiographic , and pathological data , mechanisms underlying this serious complication are not fully understood.
even in healthy subjects , the heart ages along with other organs of the body.
a prominent change is progressive left ventricular ( lv ) diastolic dysfunction , even though lv mass increases slightly during aging.
accordingly , assessment of lv dysfunction can be employed as a surrogate marker of cardiac age.
the clinical factors that may accelerate the cardiac aging process include visceral obesity , diabetes mellitus , dyslipidemia , and hypertension.
furthermore , age-related lv dysfunction has been shown to be one of the main risk factors for future heart failure.
consequently , assessment of lv diastolic function is necessary for both preventing cardiac events and assessing cardiac age.
echocardiography provides a noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function.
this review describes how to assess cardiac aging using echocardiography , and how to interpret the clinical relevance of the findings.
to determine performance differences associated with normal aging , we test older and younger adults in a dynamic control task.
the task involves the control of a single output variable over time via multiple and uncertain input controls.
model-based analysis demonstrates a unique performance signature profile associated with normal aging.
whether older adults can compensate for their associative memory deficit by using memory strategies efficiently might depend on their general cognitive abilities.
this study examined the moderating role of an iq estimate on the beneficial effects of strategy instructions.
these results highlight the importance of the role of iq in compensating for the aging-related memory decline.
however , how inflammatory gene signatures and crel / p63 / p73 targets are comodulated genome wide is unclear.
function of the binding activity was confirmed using tp53- , ap-1- and nf-κb-specific res or p21 , serpine1 and il-6 promoter luciferase reporter activities.
concurrently , tnf-α regulated a broad gene network with cobinding activities for crel , δnp63α and tap73 observed upon array profiling and reverse transcription-pcr.
overlapping target gene signatures were observed in squamous cancer subsets and in inflamed skin of transgenic mice overexpressing δnp63α.
paradigm inferred pathway analysis revealed the network connection of tp63 and nf-κb complexes through an ap-1 hub , further supporting our findings.
aging is accompanied by declines in both working memory and long-term episodic memory processes.
experiment @number@ revealed an age-related intra-item binding deficit for surface features under no concurrent load but not when articulatory suppression was required.
in contrast , in experiments @number@ and @number@ we observed an age-related item-context binding deficit regardless of the level of concurrent load.
( psycinfo database record interacting with older adults can trigger a number of stereotypes.
negative stereotypes tend to dominate , but a persistent positive perception of aging in the popular psyche is that age brings wisdom.
despite this common belief , previous research suggests that the relationship between age and wisdom is weak and inconsistent.
several aspects of wisdom were judged , including those related to cognitive skills , and those related to socioemotional aspects of wisdom.
we examined the impact on ratings of speaker and rater characteristics , as well as the interaction of these characteristics with the dimension being rated.
implications for understanding age-related stereotypes and conceptions of wisdom are discussed.
behavioral dysexecutive disorders are highly prevalent in patients with neurological diseases but cannot be explained by cognitive dysexecutive impairments.
in fact , the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
given that socioemotional functioning underlies appropriate behavior , socioemotional impairments may contribute to the appearance of behavioral disorders.
to investigate this issue , we performed a transnosological study.
as was seen for cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive impairments , the prevalence of socioemotional impairments varied according to the diagnosis.
these results strongly suggest that some dysexecutive behavioral disorders are the outward signs of an underlying impairment in socioemotional processes.
a decline in navigational abilities is a consistent feature of aging.
although many studies focused on recall of navigational information , the impact of time and type of learning on recall has received little attention.
we submitted older adults and young participants to an extensive training of an ecological environment , from both route and survey perspectives.
then , we tested participants ' learning using from both route and survey perspectives.
although older adults benefit from the extensive training , they did not reach the same performance of the young participants.
despite this main effect of age , the effect of the type of learning was the same in the two groups.
congruence between type of learning and recall led to better performance in both groups.
we discuss these findings in the light of cognitive models of human navigation and aging.
useful suggestions about how these findings may inform a specific cognitive intervention in older adults are also provided.
the present work examines how bilinguals perceive second language ( l2 ) accented speech and where accommodation to dialectal variation takes place.
l1 and aoa effects were more readily overcome in semantic processing ; accented variants regularly created priming effects in the different groups of bilinguals.
( psycinfo database record young individuals better memorize initially seen faces with emotional rather than neutral expressions.
healthy older participants and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients show better memory for faces with positive expressions.
the socioemotional selectivity theory postulates that this positivity effect in memory reflects a general age-related preference for positive stimuli , subserving emotion regulation.
another explanation might be that older participants use compensatory strategies , often considering happy faces as previously seen.
the question about the existence of this effect in tasks not permitting such compensatory strategies is still open.
thus , we compared the performance of healthy participants and ad patients for positive , neutral , and negative faces in such tasks.
our results suggest that the positivity effect in memory is not entirely due to the sense of familiarity for smiling faces.
when young adults re-tell a story , they naturally produce more concise but sufficiently informative narratives.
the repeated narratives of elderly adults , on the other hand , tend towards prolixity.
participants then re-told this narrative as a text message.
background : nursing home residing older adults often experience fear of sickness or death , functional impairment and pain.
it is difficult for these older adults to maintain a physically active lifestyle and to keep a positive outlook on life.
data on anthropometric measures , fitness performance , as well as quality of life and attitudes to aging survey data were collected.
due to low attendance rate @number@ subjects were excluded from the analyses.
statistical analysis included paired samples t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance.
results : both intervention groups significantly improved their social participation , and their upper- and lower-body strength scores.
also , subjects in the mental group showed improvement in agility fitness test and certain survey scales.
no positive changes were detected in attitude towards aging and body composition measures in any groups.
the post-hoc results suggest that mental group improved significantly more than the control group.
students in an undergraduate applied research in aging class learned about qualitative research methods by analyzing previously collected narratives.
the interviews were with @number@ participants who were national experts in senior transportation in the united states.
the purpose of the study was to explore the specialized supportive mobility needs of community-residing older adults.
the policy goal of the study was to expand the discussion on levels of assistance needed in senior transportation.
the educational goal of the study was to expose undergraduate students to qualitative research methods , having them analyze transcripts and audio recordings.
when that ability is compromised , the informal network of family and friends may not be a sustainable transportation option.
an important subtheme that emerged was the connection of community mobility to health care outcomes.
the development of empathy and positive attitudes are essential elements of professional education.
this study explored the nature of empathy and its association with attitudes about , and exposure to older patients in a sample of dental students.
higher empathy scores were related to the asd subscale attitude of acceptability of aging and to greater exposure to older adults outside of clinical practice.
there were no demographic predictors of higher empathy scores.
the deteriorating ability to communicate has a negative impact on quality of life in the aging population.
cochlear implantation is increasingly used to treat hearing impairment and to restore the ability to communicate.
we observed that the health-related quality of life and auditory performance increased significantly after cochlear implantation for the study cohort.
after implantation , tinnitus-related distress declined significantly for the group.
epigenetics is the study of heritable and non-heritable genetic coding that is additive to information contained within classical dna base pair sequences.
differential methylation has a fundamental role in the development and outcome of malignancies , chronic and degenerative diseases and aging.
this review focuses on cancers of the lower genital tract , for which the most epigenetic information exists.
methylation of human genes is strongly associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( cin ) and cancer.
elevated methylation of the hpv16 l1 and l2 open reading frames , in particular , is associated with cin2 , cin3 and invasive cancer.
dna methylation testing is better than hpv genotyping triage and is competitive with or complementary to other approaches such as cytology and p16 staining.
genome-wide studies are underway to systematically expand methylation classifier panels and find the best combinations of biomarkers.
methylation testing is likely to show big improvements in performance in the next @number@ years.
data analysis was performed for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the outcomes for the different treatment groups.
each group demonstrated improvement after auditory rehabilitation or training on short- and long-term memory tasks , level of depression and cognitive status scores.
cognitive impairment and dementia are characterized by a progressive and devastating reduction in most cognitive abilities , functional independence , and social relationships.
dementia represents a substantial financial burden on society , one that is comparable to the financial burden of heart disease and cancer.
design : twenty-five-year population-based cohort study.
setting : kungsholmen cohort , stockholm , sweden.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
individuals with multiple adverse alleles had @percent@ higher mortality rate than those with none.
we hypothesized that loneliness might occur in association with elevated cortical amyloid burden , an in vivo research biomarker of ad.
objective : to determine whether cortical amyloid burden is associated with greater loneliness in cognitively normal older adults.
design , setting , and participants : cross-sectional analyses using data from the harvard aging brain study of @number@ cognitively normal , community-dwelling participants.
results : the @number@ participants included @number@ women and @number@ men with a mean ( sd ) age of @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
furthermore , the association of high amyloid burden and loneliness was stronger in apoeε4 carriers than in noncarriers.
under the auditory-ignore ( visual-attend ) task , participants ignored auditory stimuli and responded to rare target letters under low and high load.
under the auditory-attend task , participants ignored visual stimuli and responded to rare target tones.
results confirmed an age-associated increase in n1 amplitude to auditory stimuli under the auditory-ignore but not auditory-attend task.
contrary to predictions , ec did not modulate the n1 response.
the load effect was the opposite of expectation : the n1 to task-irrelevant auditory events was smaller under high load.
cranial mri was conducted using a @number@ t unit.
white matter ( wm ) lesion volumes and total brain , gray matter , and wm volumes were computed.
an ses composite was derived from education and poverty status.
aa participants with low ses exhibited significantly greater wm lesion volumes than white participants with low ses.
white participants with higher ses had greater brain volumes than all other groups ( albeit within normal range ) .
conclusions : low ses was associated with greater wm pathology-a marker for increased stroke risk-in aas.
higher ses was associated with greater total brain volume-a putative global indicator of brain health and predictor of mortality-in whites.
unfortunately , not all home healthcare agencies ( hha ) are accredited by the joint commissions.
high fidelity of genome duplication is ensured by cooperation of polymerase proofreading and mismatch repair ( mmr ) activities.
here , we show that human mismatch recognizing proteins muts homolog @number@ ( msh2 ) and msh6 copurify and interact with replicative pol α.
this enzyme also is the replicative primase and replicates dna with poor fidelity.
we show that msh2 associates with known human replication origins with different dynamics than dna polymerase ( pol α ) .
taken together , we show that human pol α interacts with msh2-msh6 complex and propose that this interaction occurs during the mismatch repair reaction.
background : this study was aimed toward discerning depressive symptom trajectories associated with different chronic conditions and toward finding modifiable factors associated with those trajectories.
methods : data were drawn from the 1996-2007 taiwan longitudinal study on aging.
nine chronic conditions were selected , and mood trajectories were measured with the center of epidemiological studies-depression scale.
cumulative psychological burden over time was significant for participants with hypertension , diabetes , heart diseases , or arthritis.
however , these effects disappeared after controlling for comorbidities and physical limitations.
conclusions : findings from this study provide information in addressing psychological burden at different times for different conditions.
snake venoms are natural sources of biologically active molecules that are able to act selectively and specifically on different cellular targets , modulating physiological functions.
the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries have recognized the huge potential of these privileged frameworks and believe them to be a promising alternative to contemporary drugs.
hypertension was evaluated through both office and ambulatory blood pressure ( bp ) measurements.
ambulatory bp patterns showed higher nocturnal bp among patients with long-lasting disease.
in conclusion , ambulatory bp monitoring improves the detection of hypertension by @percent@ in pd , compared with office evaluation.
the likelihood of having hypertension does not decrease during the pd course ; rather , bp pattern shifts towards nocturnal hypertension.
methods : this is a secondary analysis of the multisite , randomized trial advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly.
participants completed memory , reasoning , and speed of processing tests.
baseline sociodemographic , health , and chronic disease measures were included as covariates in analyses.
the training effect on the reasoning and speed of processing outcomes did not differ by bmi status.
the growing need to better understand both aging and neurodegenerative processes has led to the development of simple eukaryotic models amenable for mechanistic studies.
moreover , yeast offers several methodological advantages allowing a rapid and relatively easy way of establishing gene-protein-function associations.
background : hepatitis d virus ( hdv ) infection affects 15-20 million individuals worldwide and causes severely progressive hepatitis.
it is unknown to what extent cellular immune responses contribute to liver disease and control of viral replication in hdv infection.
methods : immune cell frequencies and phenotypes were determined in @number@ hdv-infected patients , @number@ individuals with hepatitis b virus monoinfection and @number@ healthy controls.
t-cell proliferative and cytokine-producing capacities were analyzed by stimulation with overlapping peptides spanning the large hdv antigen.
results : immune cell frequencies and phenotypes did not vary between the groups.
this could be restored by blocking inhibitory pathways and , in particular , by supplementing with il-12.
patients with gout were indexed at first gout diagnosis or prescription over the study period @date@ , to @date@ .
gout-free patients with no gout diagnosis within history were matched ( up to 5 : 1 ) to each patient with gout.
linked medical records were analyzed until end of study , death , or ohip ineligibility.
bang and tsiatis adjusted healthcare costs and resource use were compared using bootstrap p-values and @percent@ ci.
results : a total of @number@ patients with gout and @number@ gout-free patients were included in the study.
baseline comorbidities were similar between groups except for renal disease.
similar trends were observed in all individual healthcare component cost and use metrics.
conclusion : following onset of gout , patients in ontario incur significantly greater healthcare costs and resource use compared to matched gout-free patients.
alternative gout management strategies should be investigated to reduce the incremental burden of gout borne by the ontario healthcare system.
objectives : having a role model of successful aging may contribute to views on aging.
this article investigated the nature and correlates of young , middle-aged , and older adults ' successful aging role models.
open-ended answers were coded for recurring themes.
views on aging and attitudes toward own aging were assessed with questionnaires.
results : eighty-five percent of participants indicated at least one role model.
most mentioned role models from their family , including parents and grandparents.
role models were gender matched.
most frequent reasons for model choices were health , activities , and social resources.
participants with family role models had less negative views on aging.
furthermore , the effect of reasons on attitudes toward own aging was mediated by negative views on aging.
discussion : young , middle-aged , and older adults have role models for successful aging.
links between role model features and views on aging suggest that role models may be useful in promoting successful aging.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) mainly affects older people : the median age at diagnosis is > @number@ years.
elderly patients with cll are heterogeneous with regard both to the biology of their disease and aging.
following the diagnosis of cll in an elderly individual , careful risk assessment is essential when treatment options are evaluated.
comorbidity scoring and geriatric assessment tools are helpful in achieving such multidimensional evaluation in a systematic manner.
the introduction of new drugs including novel monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors offers enhanced opportunities for the treatment of elderly patients with cll.
this position paper of a task force of the international society of geriatric oncology ( siog ) reviews currently available evidence relevant to such patients.
background : communication problems between family surrogates and intensive care unit ( icu ) clinicians have been documented , but few interventions are effective.
nurses have the potential to play an expanded role in icu communication and decision making.
methods : an interprofessional team developed the fn protocol.
results : twenty-six surrogate / patient pairs ( @number@ per study arm ) were enrolled.
surrogates randomized to the intervention had contact with the fn on @percent@ or more of eligible patient days.
all surrogates agreed that they would recom mend the fn to other families.
open-ended comments from both surrogates and clinicians were uniformly positive.
a larger randomized controlled trial is needed to demonstrate impact on important outcomes , such as surrogates ' well-being and decision quality.
this observational study aimed to establishing a relationship between lipid peroxidation and endometriosis in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
the endometriosis diagnosis was confirmed by videolaparoscopy and the controlled ovarian stimulation protocol was similar to all patients.
follicular fluid ( ff ) lipid peroxidation levels were determined through the quantification of malondialdehyde.
peroxidation levels in the endometriosis group were significantly higher when compared to controls.
the moving average showed a decrease of mda levels in the endometriosis group with increasing female age.
in conclusion , endometriosis is associated with increased ff oxidative stress ( os ) in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) .
also , increasing age is associated with a decrease in severity of the oxidative status , but a decreased chance of pregnancy.
cockayne syndrome is a neurodegenerative accelerated aging disorder caused by mutations in the csa or csb genes.
although the pathogenesis of cockayne syndrome has remained elusive , recent work implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the disease progression.
indeed , inhibition of ribosomal dna transcription leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in a number of cell lines.
human cystatin c ( hcc ) is a small protein belonging to the cystatin family of papain-like cysteine proteinase inhibitors.
we review the recent literature concerning structural aspects of hcc related to disease.
we focus on the mechanisms of hcc dimerization , oligomerization , and amyloid formation.
for hcc , this includes cerebral amyloid angiopathy , as well as a disorder resulting in reduced male fertility.
in parallel , improvements in the quality control of breast cancer care have been established in specialized breast care units.
patients and methods : this study analyzed chemotherapy usage in patients with ebc treated at the heidelberg university breast unit between @date@ and @date@ .
the chemotherapy usage declined from @number@ % in @number@ to @number@ % in @number@ of the cohort.
further , the proportion of nact raised from @number@ to @number@ % irrespective of tumor subtype.
the greatest effect was observed in her2 + breast cancer with an increase in patients achieving pcr from @number@ to @number@ %.
conclusions : the results mirror the refined indication for chemotherapy in ebc and its preferred usage as nact in germany.
the increase in pcr rate over time suggests improvement in outcome accomplished by a multidisciplinary decision-making process and stringent measures for quality control.
only speed of processing showed an aging-related decline , while other cognitive domains were relatively maintained.
faster decline in global cognition was associated with total cerebral , hippocampal and gray matter volume losses over time.
faster total cerebral atrophy and white matter atrophy ( frontal and parietal regions ) was associated with faster decline in verbal memory.
hippocampal atrophy and ventricular expansion were both associated with greater decline in verbal memory and executive function.
our findings provide a benchmark for research on brain structural and cognitive changes with aging in east asians.
inorganic nitrate is converted into no via a 2-step reduction process and may be an effective nutritional intervention to modify vascular and metabolic functions.
resting blood pressure ( bp ) , endothelial function , and blood biomarkers were measured for @number@ h postintervention.
results : inorganic nitrate supplementation did not affect plasma glucose ( p = @number@ ) or insulin ( p = @number@ ) responses.
plasma cyclic gmp , icam-3 , and thrombomodulin concentrations differed between young and old participants ( p < @number@ ) .
inorganic nitrate supplementation did not improve bp or endothelial function.
conclusions : oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate did not improve glucose and insulin responses but reduced oxidative stress in old individuals during acute hyperglycemia.
this trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as isrctn42776917.
splines were used to graphically present behavior-mortality relation.
results : over a mean of @number@ y , @number@ deaths occurred.
there was no association with mortality for sedentary time or light or moderate-to-vigorous activity in highly active adults.
conclusions : health promotion efforts for physical activity have mostly focused on moderate-to-vigorous activity.
however , our findings derived from accelerometer-based measurements suggest that increasing light-intensity activity and reducing sedentary time are also important , particularly for inactive adults.
we aimed to assess qol during adt using two validated questionnaires and determine contributing factors.
design : prospective controlled study.
generalized linear models determined the mean adjusted difference ( mad ) ( @percent@ confidence interval ) between groups during follow-up.
total ams score increased [ mad 9·35 ( 5·65 , 13·07 ) , p < 0·001 ] , reflecting worse qol.
both sf-12 and ams changes were greater than reported minimum clinically important differences.
decrements were related to an increase in hot flushes ( p = 0·016 ) but not haemoglobin decrease ( p = 0·46 ) .
design : amed was evaluated through a validated mediterranean diet score categorized into quintiles.
an adjusted logistic regression analysis , taking as reference those in the @number@ highest quintiles of the amed score , confirmed these findings.
conclusion : higher amed is associated with better qol and decreased pain , disability , and depressive symptoms.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00080171.
methods : facial signs ( structural and pigmentation-related ) were scored in blind by a panel of @number@ experts from photographs taken under standard conditions.
scorings were performed under specific scales as established by a previously published referential skin aging atlas , volume @number@ asian type.
some changes are of a low or subtle extent , whereas some others show significant amplitudes.
the latter comprise eight signs , among the @number@ that became , far above scoring threshold , indeed affected during this 6-month period.
the observed changes in six of these eight signs , in majority related to pigmentation , appeared efficiently alleviated in the photo-protected group.
conclusion : the shift from winter to summer exposure is confirmed in altering some facial pigmented signs among chinese women.
such changes appear much alleviated by a daily strong photo-protective regimen.
background : latin america has experienced increases in obesity.
little is known about the role of early life factors on body mass index ( bmi ) gain over the life course.
sex-specific bmi latent class trajectories were derived from @number@ possible measures of height and weight from @number@ to @number@
higher childhood household ses was associated with increased odds of high bmi latent class membership relative to the poorest households.
the pathways through which this operates still need to be explored.
data were analyzed from @date@ , to @date@ .
adjusted hazard ratios ( arhs ) of short-term suicide after hospital discharge were also estimated by cox proportional hazards regression models.
information on suicide as a cause of death was obtained from the national death index.
the review will specifically focus on emerging research identifying neural , cognitive , and social markers of declining financial decision-making capacity in older adults.
we will highlight how these findings are opening avenues for early detection and new interventions to reduce exploitation risk.
the vasodilatory response to passive leg movement ( plm ) appears to provide a novel , noninvasive assessment of vascular function.
however , plm has yet to be compared with the established noninvasive assessment of vascular health , flow-mediated dilation ( fmd ) .
given the relative ease of plm implementation , these data have important positive implications for plm as a clinical vascular health assessment.
bcx supplementation was given daily to the mice starting @number@ weeks prior to the injection of nnk and continued @number@ weeks after nnk injection.
bcx significantly reduced the multiplicity of the nnk-induced lung tumor by @percent@ to @percent@ compared with the nnk-treated mice without bcx supplementation.
the activities of bcx were significantly attenuated by activators of α7-nachr / pi3k signaling or by overexpression of constitutively active pi3k.
therefore , bcx can be used as a chemopreventive agent or a chemotherapeutic compound against lung cancer.
cancer prev res ; 9 ( @number@ ) ; 875-86. ©2016 aacr.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a major health problem worldwide.
in addition to its high mortality ( 35-40% ) , survivors are left with cognitive , behavioral , and communicative disabilities.
although in the guide reference is frequently made to medical schools , the concept is equally applicable to all forms of education allied to healthcare.
sarpogrelate is an antiplatelet agent widely used to treat arterial occlusive diseases.
evaluation of platelet aggregation is essential to monitor therapeutic effects of sarpogrelate.
currently , no molecular signatures are available to evaluate platelet aggregation.
our proteomic approach provided a protein profile predictive of therapeutic effects of sarpogrelate.
response of the ues to injury , reflux , and surgical interventions is reported.
direct surgical treatment of cricopharyngeus noncompliance with or without diverticuli continues to show benefit and long-term results support a sustained improvement in three-quarters of patients.
summary : ues and cricopharyngeus function is complex and dynamic.
it is affected by internal signals such as posture and constitution of refluxate , aging , and interventions particularly radiation and surgery.
clear understanding of the triggers and responses of the ues will enable clinicians to choose the correct therapy for their dysphagic patients.
the precise role of age-related muscle anabolic resistance in the progression of sarcopenia and functional decline in older individuals is unclear.
each study arm was synthesized and reported as providing sufficient or insufficient \ "evidence of age-related muscle anabolic resistance \ ".
when exercise and amino acid-based nutrition were combined , only @number@ of the @number@ study arms provided sufficient evidence of age-related muscle anabolic resistance.
our results highlight that optimization of exercise and amino acid-based nutrition is sufficient to induce a comparable mps response between young and older individuals.
background : aging is characterized by a state of chronic , low-grade inflammation that impairs vascular function.
acute inflammation causes additional decrements in vascular function , but these responses are not uniform in older compared with younger adults.
we sought to determine if older adults with low levels of baseline inflammation respond to acute inflammation in a manner similar to younger adults.
conclusion : aging , not age-related chronic , low-grade inflammation , determines the vascular responses to acute inflammation.
background : the strongest known risk factor for endometrial cancer is obesity.
causality of bmi for endometrial cancer was assessed using mendelian randomization , with bmiwgrs as instrumental variable.
impact : the causal association between bmi snps and endometrial cancer has possible implications for endometrial cancer risk modeling.
cancer epidemiol biomarkers prev ; 25 ( @number@ ) ; @date@ . ©2016 aacr.
the inflammatory tissue microenvironment that promotes the development of breast cancer is not fully understood.
here we report a role for elevated il30 in supporting the breast cancer cell viability and invasive migration.
il30 was absent in normal mammary ducts , ductules , and acini of histologically normal breast and scanty in the few stromal infiltrating leukocytes.
the composition of the gut metabolome can be captured by measuring metabolite levels in the feces.
however , there are little data describing the effect of fecal sample collection methods on metabolomic measures.
results : intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) estimating technical reproducibility were high for replicate samples for each collection method.
similarly , spearman correlation coefficients ( r conclusions : metabolomic measurements appear reproducible and stable in fecal samples collected with @percent@ ethanol or fobt.
concordance with the \ "gold standard \ " is highest with @percent@ ethanol and acceptable with fobt.
impact : future epidemiologic studies should collect feces using @percent@ ethanol or fobt if interested in studying fecal metabolomics.
cancer epidemiol biomarkers prev ; 25 ( @number@ ) ; 1483-90. ©2016 aacr.
we hypothesized that excessive planar division of undifferentiated germ cells promotes their self-renewal and tgct development.
however , our results obtained from mouse models and seminoma patients demonstrated the opposite.
mechanistically , rhamm expression is regulated by the testis-specific polyadenylation protein cfim25 , which is downregulated in the human seminomas.
furthermore , they suggested rhamm loss-of-function and spindle misorientation as an initiating event underlying both hypofertility and tgct initiation.
these findings identify spindle-associated rhamm as an intrinsic regulator of male germ cell fate and as a gatekeeper preventing initiation of tgcts.
cancer res ; 76 ( @number@ ) ; 6382-95. ©2016 aacr.
skeletal muscle is endowed with a remarkable capacity for regeneration , primarily due to the reserve pool of muscle resident satellite cells.
the satellite cell is the physiologically quiescent muscle stem cell that resides beneath the basal lamina and adjacent to the sarcolemma.
introduction : cognitive deterioration and reductions of bone health coincide with increasing age.
we examine the relationship between bone composition and plasma markers of bone remodelling with measures of cognitive performance in healthy adults.
whole body bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
further work should address possible mechanistic interpretations in humans.
bace-1 levels also were a mean of 7-fold higher in ades than in ndes from cultured rat type-specific neural cells.
abundant proteins of the aβ42 peptide-generating system in ades may sustain levels in neurons.
dysfunction of homologous recombination is a common denominator of changes associated with breast cancer-predisposing mutations.
in parallel , we investigated dna lesion processing by quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of histone h2ax phosphorylated on ser139 focus after radiomimetic treatment.
results : analysis of data on erythrocyte ageing patterns revealed that @number@ separate rbc turnover mechanisms seem to be present.
we calculated the mean red blood cell ( rbc ) life span within individuals to lie between @number@ and @number@ days.
average rbc life span is @number@ ± @number@ days.
of hba1c change toward treatment goal value , @percent@ is reached in about @number@ days.
the authors investigated the relative effectiveness of different attentional focus instructions on motor learning in primary school children.
in addition , we explored whether the effect of attentional focus on motor learning was influenced by children's age and verbal working memory capacity.
novice 8-9-year old children ( n = @number@ ) and 11-12-year-old children ( n = @number@ ) practiced a golf putting task.
children's verbal working memory capacity was assessed with the automated working memory assessment.
this effect was similar across age groups.
in conclusion , primary school children's motor learning is enhanced by external focus instructions compared to internal focus instructions.
the purported modulatory roles of children's working memory , attentional capacity , or focus preferences require further investigation.
gait speed is typically reduced when individuals simultaneously perform other tasks.
however , the impact of dual tasking on kinetic and kinematic gait parameters is unclear because these vary with gait speed.
the objective of this study was to identify whether dual tasking impacts gait in healthy adults when speed is constant.
twenty-two healthy adults dialed a cell phone during treadmill walking at a self-selected speed while kinetic , kinematic , and spatial parameters were recorded.
dual tasking appears to influence kinematic gait variables in a manner consistent with promotion of stability.
each test group consisted of @number@ participants.
methods : a simple visual reaction test ( svrt ) tool was used to measure reaction times.
the stisim drive m100 driving simulator was used to assess driving parameters.
conclusions : differences exist in driving patterns of older and younger drivers as measured by reaction times and driving simulator outcomes.
these results are the first to compare these @number@ specific adult age groups ' driving performance as measured by a standardized driving simulator scenario.
identifying these differences is essential in addressing them and preventing future traffic injuries.
using relative concentrations , the total of all fatty acids is summed to @percent@ and thus the values of individual fatty acid are not independent.
this has led to debate , along with the suggestion to use absolute concentrations of fatty acids.
we aimed to examine the relationship between relative ( weight percentage ) and absolute ( mg / l ) concentrations of individual circulating plfas.
methods : relative and absolute concentrations of @number@ circulating plfas were measured by gas chromatography in samples from @number@ diverse populations.
correlations between the relative and absolute concentrations for each fatty acid were used to measure agreement.
unadjusted correlations and correlations adjusting absolute plfa concentrations for total cholesterol were calculated.
across the @number@ studies , @number@ of the @number@ analyzed plfas had unadjusted correlations > @number@ and @number@ had adjusted correlations > @number@
because both concentrations could be obtained simultaneously from the same laboratory assay , use of both metrics is warranted to better understand plfa-disease relationships.
logistic , linear , and censored regression models were used to assess the associations between ltpa / opa earlier in life and subsequent physical functioning.
with advancing age , skeletal muscle function declines as a result of strength loss.
two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included literature independently.
we excluded studies that did not use @number@ world health organization criteria for diabetes.
results : our search returned @number@ studies , @number@ of which satisfied the inclusion criteria.
the included studies had a total of @number@ participants , in which @number@ cases of type @number@ diabetes mellitus were recorded.
the overall prevalence ( @percent@ ) has been increasing since the 1970s , and it increased rapidly with age.
the prevalence of the 65-74 years group was as high as @percent@.
meanwhile , the prevalence among men / women and urban / rural areas was significantly different.
in addition , the prevalence in each geographic area were estimated and mapped , which showed a large imbalance in the map.
conclusions : our analysis suggested that type @number@ diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in china.
these results underscore the urgent need for the government to vigorously strengthen the management of diabetes prevention and control.
many studies have demonstrated that exposure to excess fluoride was associated with a variety of diseases.
little is known about the variation of testosterone ( t ) levels caused by fluoride exposure.
a cross-sectional study was conducted in a county of henan province , china , including high fluoride exposure from drinking water villages and control villages.
levels of t and abp in serum were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay ( clia ) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) respectively.
no significant differences were observed in serum abp levels in all male farmers between the two groups with different fluoride exposure.
these results supported that excess fluoride exposure decreased serum t levels of male farmers with age-specificity.
objective : to identify prognostic markers associated with poor recovery from mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ) in older adults.
setting : three ontario emergency departments.
participants : forty-nine participants aged @number@ years and older that visited an emergency department for mtbi.
design : pilot prospective cohort study.
predictors were measured at baseline.
conclusion : recovery after mtbi in older adults may be associated more with psychosocial than with biomedical or injury-related factors.
urine samples from children with liver and kidney disease and urinary tract infection were excluded.
in contrast , it decreased to < 0.30 , the lowest , at 1-2 years old.
this suggests that abcc2 activity is correlated with corrected gestational age and is highest at 1-2 years old.
background : aging is a multifactorial process characterized by organ loss of function and degeneration , but the mechanisms involved remain elusive.
additionally , a concomitant and dramatic loss of medullary and cortical cells is observed in old animals.
moreover , the cell loss potentially induced by mitochondrial dysfunction could explain the decline in adrenal hormonal and steroidal secretion during aging.
this bioheat transfer model is validated , capable to predict cardiovascular functions and thermal responses under varying environmental conditions.
our results demonstrate that the cardiovascular disease-induced reduction in cardiac output and skin blood flow causes extra elevation in core temperature during hyperthermic challenges.
copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
purpose : age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) commonly causes blindness in the elderly.
yet , it is untreatable in the large fraction of all amd patients that develop the early dry form.
stiffness of ec was measured by atomic force microscopy indentation while rho gtpase activity was quantified by rho g-lisa assay.
importantly , inhibition of rho activity in senescent ecs significantly reduced cell stiffness and mac-induced lysis.
future studies are needed to validate these findings in appropriate animal models so new therapeutic targets can be identified for treatment of dry amd.
although amyloid pet has clearly demonstrated analytical validity , its clinical utility is debated.
participants underwent routine clinical and instrumental diagnostic assessment.
a prescan diagnosis was made , diagnostic confidence was estimated , and drug treatment was provided.
physicians were asked to review the diagnosis , diagnostic confidence , and treatment after the scan.
the study was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : primary outcomes were prescan to postscan changes of diagnosis , diagnostic confidence , and treatment.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were male ; mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
the effect on health outcomes , such as morbidity and mortality , remains to be assessed.
we evaluated whether vascular remodeling is present in physiological aging and whether hypertension accelerates the aging process for vascular function and structure.
small arteries from @number@ essential hypertensive patients ( ht ) and @number@ normotensive individuals ( nt ) were dissected after subcutaneous biopsy.
endothelium-dependent vasodilation ( pressurized myograph ) was assessed by acetylcholine , repeated under the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor n-nitro-l-arginine methylester or the antioxidant tempol.
structure was evaluated by media-lumen ratio ( m / l ) .
intravascular oxidative generation and collagen deposition were assessed.
in nt , tempol enhanced endothelial function in the oldest subgroup ; in ht , the potentiating effect started earlier.
ht showed an increased m / l ( p < 0.001 ) versus control.
in both groups , m / l was directly related to age ( p < 0.0001 ) .
m / l was greater in ht , starting from @number@ to @number@ years range.
a significant age-hypertension interaction occurred ( p = 0.0009 ) .
in nt , intravascular superoxide emerged in the oldest subgroup , whereas it appeared earlier among ht.
among nt , aged group displayed an increment of collagen fibers versus young group.
in ht , collagen deposition was already evident in youngest , with a further enhancement in the aged group.
in small arteries , ageing shows a eutrophic vascular remodeling and a reduced nitric oxide availability.
oxidative stress and fibrosis emerge in advanced age.
in ht , nitric oxide availability is early reduced , but the progression rate with age is similar.
structural alterations include wide collagen deposition and intravascular reactive oxygen species , and the progression rate with age is steeper.
additional controlling for vascular risk and protective factors , wml , and apoe status did not modify the results.
high total cholesterol and low vitamin b12 and folate levels increased the adverse effect of hcy on egocentric and mixed navigation.
wml did not explain the association between plasma hcy level and navigation performance.
conclusion : elevated plasma hcy level may affect real-space navigation performance above and beyond vascular brain changes.
this association may be magnified in the presence of high total cholesterol and low folate or vitamin b12 levels.
attention to the level of plasma hcy may be a viable intervention strategy to prevent decline in spatial navigation in non-demented older adults.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) commonly accompanies cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) .
objective : we aimed to reveal associations between caa-related brain microbleeds and cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) markers in ad patients.
the result remained unchanged after adjustment for age , sex , apolipoprotein e e4 presence , and leukoaraiosis.
background : increased stride time variability has been associated with memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment.
subjective memory impairment ( smi ) is considered the earliest clinical stage of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the association between increased stride time variability and smi has not been reported.
the coefficient of variation ( cov ) of stride time and walking speed were recorded under usual condition and while counting backwards.
thus , gait variability under dual-task in individuals with smi expressed by their relatives can be a potential biomarker of ad.
here , we review common patterns of reproduction , focusing on the relationships between reproductive performance , survival and parity in females.
observations in a range of species show that performance between sequential reproductive events can decline , remain consistent or increase.
finally , we make recommendations for designing future studies.
we encourage investigators to carefully consider additional or alternative measures of bioenergetic function in studies of life-history trade-offs.
more careful consideration of the life-history context and bioenergetic variables will improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the life-history patterns of animals.
design : mcm8 , mcm9 , and genes encoding ddr proteins that have been implicated in reproductive aging were sequenced among poi participants.
setting : academic research institution.
participants : all were diagnosed with poi prior to age @number@ years and presented with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
interventions : none.
results : mcm8 was sequenced in @number@ poi participants , whereas mcm9 was sequenced in @number@ participants.
biallelic damaging heterozygous variants in both mcm8 and mcm9 were identified in @number@ participant.
background : recently , the efficacy of autologous plasma filler for the reduction of facial wrinkles has been demonstrated.
objective : the aim of our study is to validate the efficacy and safety of autologous plasma filler in treating nasolabial fold wrinkles.
material and methods : twenty korean patients with moderate-to-severe nasolabial fold wrinkles were enrolled.
the patients were treated with one session of autologous plasma filler.
the wrinkle improvement effects were evaluated at 1-week , 4-week , 8-week , and 12-week after the treatment.
three assessment methods were applied.
first , two independent dermatologists assessed cosmetic results using a 5-point wrinkle assessment scale.
second , global aesthetic improvement score was used for assessment of the final cosmetic results.
third , patient satisfaction was surveyed.
also , the adverse effects associated to treatment were observed.
results : mean age of the patients was @number@ years.
the patients ' average global aesthetic improvement score also indicated better cosmetic outcomes.
background : physician orders for life-sustaining treatment ( polst ) forms are used to document patient treatment preferences as medical orders.
prior research demonstrates that use of polst alters medical treatments in a way that is consistent with the polst orders.
however , there are minimal data about the quality of polst decisions , including whether they reflect the current preferences of well-informed patients.
objective : evaluate the quality of polst decisions.
design : chart abstraction ; interviews.
subjects : nursing home residents and healthcare agents of incapacitated nursing home residents ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : characteristics of the polst conversation were assessed.
brief vignettes were used to assess knowledge about how polst orders guide medical treatment.
current treatment preferences were elicited and compared with the patient's polst orders to assess discordance.
results : a majority ( @percent@ ) of participants recognized the polst form.
conclusions : discordance between current preferences and polst orders is complex.
interventions are needed to support high-quality polst decisions that are informed and concordant with current preferences.
purpose : to examine an association between the overactive bladder symptom score ( oabss ) and neuropsychological parameters.
moreover , we investigate the factors that affect each item in the questionnaire.
lower urinary tract symptom ( luts ) was assessed using oabss and voiding diary.
it was found that oabss had a very high correlation with aging ( r = 0.75 ; p < 0.001 ) .
however , no significant correlation was found between the changes in oabss scores and those in other neuropsychological parameters.
conclusions : oabss is a useful tool in assessing ad patients with luts.
there was a consistent positive association between oabss severity , including urgency incontinence , and cdr scores.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : two tertiary hospitals in boston , massachusetts.
measurements : preoperative evaluation included assessment of frailty using the fp and fi.
results : frailty was highly prevalent ( fp , @percent@ ; fi , @percent@ ) .
there was moderate concordance between the fp and fi ( κ = @number@ @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) @number@.36-0.49 ) .
the other outcomes were not significantly associated with frailty status.
conclusion : fp and fi predict postoperative outcomes after major elective orthopedic surgery and should be considered for preoperative risk stratification.
objectives : the causes of death in dementia are not established , particularly in rarer dementias.
the aim of this study is to calculate risk of death from specific causes for a broader spectrum of dementia diagnoses.
design : cohort study.
setting : swedish dementia registry ( svedem ) , 2007-2012.
participants : individuals with incident dementia registered in svedem ( n = @number@ ) ; median follow-up @number@ days.
observed deaths were @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
measurements : information on number of deaths and causes of mortality was obtained from death certificates.
odds ratios for the presence of dementia on death certificates were calculated.
results : the most frequent underlying cause of death in this cohort was cardiovascular ( @percent@ ) , followed by dementia ( @percent@ ) .
dementia and cardiovascular causes appeared as main or contributory causes on @percent@ of certificates , followed by respiratory ( @percent@ ) .
dementia was mentioned less in vascular dementia ( vad ; @percent@ ) .
conclusion : dementia is underreported on death certificates as main and contributory causes.
individuals with lbd had a higher risk of respiratory death than those with ad.
design : secondary analysis based on data collected during preadvise.
measurements : participants were interviewed at baseline for sleep apnea.
the memory impairment screen ( mis ) was administered to each participant annually.
subjects who failed this initial screen were tested with secondary screening tests.
medical history and medication use were determined , and the ad8 dementia screening instrument was used.
results : the effect of self-reported sleep apnea on dementia risk depended on apoe ɛ4 status.
conclusion : sleep apnea may increase risk of dementia in the absence of apoe ɛ4.
this may help inform prevention strategies for dementia or ad in older men with sleep apnea.
registration : preadvise is registered at clinicaltrials.gov : nct00040378.
objectives : to identify clinical correlates of person-centered fall risk awareness and their validity for predicting falls.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : community.
participants : ambulatory community-dwelling older adults without dementia ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ @percent@ female ) .
incident falls were recorded over study follow-up.
there was only fair correlation ( κ = @number@ ) between responses on the two questions.
prior falls and depressive symptoms were associated with positive responses on both fall risk awareness questions.
age and other established fall risk factors were not associated with responses on either fall risk awareness question.
the fall risk awareness questionnaire did not predict incident falls or injurious falls.
conclusion : fall risk awareness is low in older adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : mayo clinic study of aging ( olmsted county , mn ) .
participants : cognitively normal elderly adults ( n = @number@ median age @number@ @percent@ female ) .
measurements : light , moderate , and vigorous physical activities in mid- and late life were assessed using a validated questionnaire.
an expert consensus panel measured mci based on published criteria.
the association between moderate activity and incident mci was not significant ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.67-1.09 ) .
a synergistic interaction was also observed between mid- and late-life activity in reducing risk of incident mci.
furthermore , apoe ε4 carriers who did not exercise had a higher risk of incident mci than noncarriers who reported physical activity.
conclusion : physical activity reduced the risk of incident mci.
exercising in mid- and late life had an additive synergistic interaction in reducing the risk of mci.
objectives : to examine whether number of remaining teeth and regular dental care affect incident functional disability in elderly japanese adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : tsurugaya district , sendai , japan.
participants : community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
oral health was assessed according to number of remaining teeth and presence or absence of regular dental care.
conclusion : tooth loss was associated with greater risk of functional disability in community-dwelling elderly japanese.
regular dental care might moderate the risk of functional disability in elderly individuals with missing teeth.
this study aims to evaluate perioral aging process in the male population to compare quality and quantity of the observed changes to the female population.
the integral role of the endothelium during the coordination of blood flow throughout vascular resistance networks has been recognized for several decades now.
here we report evidence to show that ar is a key mediator of inflammatory signals in escc cancer progression.
high ar expression was associated with poor overall survival in tobacco-using escc patients but not in escc patients not using tobacco.
a gain and loss of ar function enhanced and repressed escc cell growth , respectively , by altering cell cycle progression.
array assays revealed that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 ( il6 ) is a prominent ar target gene in escc.
moreover , high expression levels of both ar and il6 in human escc predict poor clinical outcome in tobacco users.
together , these data establish that ar promotes escc growth and is associated with poor patient prognosis.
copyright © @number@ pathological society of great britain and ireland.
published by john wiley & sons , ltd.
this translocation causes the expression of a deregulated bcr / abl fusion oncogene and , interestingly , is detectable in healthy individuals.
the model parameters have been estimated by regression from the observed cml incidence curves.
our models also estimate the increased radiation-associated mutation rate at a younger age in atomic bomb survivors.
although this work focuses on cml , the modelling approach can be applied to all types of leukemia and lymphoma.
aim : to investigate the relationship of the ovarian reserve to the levels of adipokines and sex hormones in reproductive-aged women with abdominal obesity.
a control group consisted of @number@ women aged 18-45 years with a bmi of less than @number@ kg / m2.
anthropometric and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic parameters and the levels of sex hormones , anti-müllerian hormone , resistin , and adiponectin were investigated.
to determine the functional age of an individual , a quantitative system for the assessment of aging status was developed in the present study.
a total of @number@ subjects were selected randomly from patients undergoing physical examination.
the index of organic mild impairment ( iomi ) and iomi corrected for age ( comi ) were calculated.
about @percent@ of < 30-year-old subjects were healthy.
these data suggest that organs and systems reflect the aging status of an individual and may be a useful tool for evaluating health status.
purpose : osteoporotic hip fractures represent a particularly high burden in morbidity- , mortality- and health care-related costs.
amongst them , preventive surgical intervention needs to be considered.
this paper represents a summary of the discussions.
however , efficacy of these various measures to reduce hip fractures is at most @percent@ and may need months or years before becoming effective.
conclusion : preventive surgical intervention needs to be appraised for osteoporotic patients at imminent and / or at very high risk of hip fracture.
objective : breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women , particularly among older women.
this illness along with its treatment has a great impact on a woman's subjective opinion of her quality of life and functioning in everyday life.
the aim of this research was to assess the quality of life in women undergoing radiotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
patients and methods : the research was carried out in @number@ patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy in the oncological center in bydgoszcz , poland.
statistical analyses were conducted using statistica , version @number@
results : patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy rated their quality of life with an average of @number@ points.
older patients above @number@ years of age also displayed significantly higher hrqol ( @number@ points ) .
a lower level of fatigue was noticed among patients ≤50 years and ≥71 years of age.
education and marital status also had an important impact on hrqol.
educated women with a good financial situation had a significantly higher hrqol , compared to those with a lower education and in poor living conditions.
conclusion : hrqol and state of fatigue in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy depended upon their age.
both were high among women aged @number@ years and above , while younger patients ( 51-70 years of age ) had slightly lower values.
results suggest that sociodemographic factors influence the conditions of life of women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer in a significant way.
overall , patients tolerated this type of treatment well.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , the most common form of senile dementia , is a genetically complex disorder.
furthermore , the number is growing as the elderly population increases.
thus , this study aims to explore the predictors of quality of life among hospitalized geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus upon discharge in malaysia.
methods : a total of @number@ hospitalized geriatric patients aged @number@ years and older were selected using convenience sampling method in a cross-sectional study.
sociodemographic data and medical history were obtained from the medical records.
questionnaires were used during the in-person semistructured interviews , which were conducted in the wards.
linear regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of each domain of quality of life.
the brazilian recombinant hepatitis b vaccine ( vrhb-ib ) is based on the expression of the recombinant antigen in hansenula polymorpha yeast cells.
currently , data on the immunogenicity of this vaccine in older adults are nonexistent.
this study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of vrhb-ib in adults over @number@ years of age.
of these , @number@ accepted the first dose of the vaccine and @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed the vaccination schedule.
multivariate analysis revealed that individuals ≥ @number@ years of age responded significantly less well to vaccination than younger adults.
also , a greater proportion of male nonresponders was observed ( versus women ; p = @number@ ) .
these results point to the need for better evaluation of the immunogenicity of vrhb-ib in older adults.
successful reproduction is the result of a myriad interactions in which the ovary and the ovarian follicular reserve play a fundamental role.
therefore , the period just prior to menopause , also known as the subfertile period , is important.
the possibility of modulating the follicular pool and the health of follicles during this period to improve fertility is worth exploring.
we have developed an animal model to study the ovarian ageing process during this subfertile period to understand the mechanisms responsible for reproductive senescence.
in the rat model , we have shown that the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating the follicular development during ovarian ageing.
a second pubmed search identified articles that were cross-referenced under non-infectious or infectious , and search terms relating to social variables.
the abstracts of all articles were read , classified and examined to identify patterns over time.
results : findings suggest that infectious disease research publications that explicitly or implicitly incorporate social epidemiological approaches have stagnated in recent years.
the framework of social epidemiology provides infectious disease researchers with such a perspective and research opportunity.
educational attainment is associated with many health outcomes , including longevity.
it is also known to be substantially heritable.
we did so by using cohort members ' polygenic profile score for education to predict their parents ' longevity.
methods : the sample included @number@ middle-aged and older african americans examined in wave @number@ of the african american health ( aah ) study.
conclusion : neighborhood conditions appear to have significant , complex associations with psychosocial factors among middle-aged and older african americans.
physical activity in later years of life is not only essential to healthy aging and independent functioning , but it also helps prevent chronic diseases.
we aimed this cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of physical activity and associated factors among rural elderly thais.
we conducted this study on a sample of @number@ elderly in @number@ rural districts of phranakornsiayutthaya province in thailand.
the mean age of participants were @number@.5±6 years and @percent@ of them did not perform physical activity.
prevalence of vigorous and moderate intensity physical activity was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
about @percent@ elderly used any active transport and spent @number@ hours on sedentary activities , daily.
our study concluded that almost half of the rural thai elderly were physically inactive.
also male and wealthy elderly were less likely to be engaged in physical activity.
log-linear regressions were adjusted for a priori selected covariates to determine differences by frailty and hiv status.
conclusions : frailty among hiv-infected men was associated with increased inflammation and lower hormone levels , independent of comorbid conditions.
interventions targeting these pathways should be evaluated to determine the impact on prevention or reversal of frailty among hiv-infected men.
proposed pathogenic variants were confirmed by sanger sequencing or array comparative genomic hybridization.
the p.l83q ( human p.l71q ) failed to localize to the mitochondria.
conclusions : our findings reveal for the first time the role of the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase in human disease.
loss of mip function results in a syndrome which consists of lvnc , dd , seizures , hypotonia , and cataracts.
our approach highlights the power of data exchange and the importance of an interrelationship between clinical and research efforts for disease gene discovery.
objective it is generally accepted that cerebrospinal fluid shunts fail most frequently in the first years of life.
methods the authors analyzed data from their institutional spina bifida research database including all patients with mmc and shunted hydrocephalus.
for the entire population , the number of shunt revisions in each year of life was determined.
four hundred seventeen patients had had a csf shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus and thus are included in this analysis.
there were @number@ shunt revisions in the 1st year of life , which represents a rate of @number@ revisions per patient in that year.
the rate of shunt revision per patient-year initially decreased as age increased , except for an increase in revision frequency in the early teen years.
shunt revisions continued to occur as late as @number@ years of age.
a persistent risk of shunt failure was observed well into adult life.
these findings underscore the importance of routine follow-up of all mmc patients with shunted hydrocephalus and will aid in counseling patients and families.
objective the introduction of ventriculoperitoneal shunts changed the way hydrocephalus was treated.
the authors conducted a study to find out the different causes of late shunt failures in their institution.
methods a 10-year retrospective study of all the patients who were treated in the authors ' hospital between @number@ and @number@ was conducted.
late shunt failures included those in patients who had to undergo shunt revision more than @number@ years after their initial shunt insertion.
results forty-six patients in the authors ' institution experienced @number@ late shunt failures in the last @number@ years.
their ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years ( @time@ ± @number@ years [ mean ± sd ] ) .
the time it took for the shunts to fail was between @number@ and @number@ years ( mean @time@ ± @number@ years ) .
postoperative follow-up for the patients ranged from @number@ to @number@ months ( mean @number@ ± @number@ months ) .
conclusions late shunt failure is caused by the effects of aging on the shunt , and the complications are different from early shunt failure.
a large proportion are complications associated with shunt calcification.
the authors advocate a long follow-up for pediatric patients with shunts in situ to monitor them for various causes of late shunt failure.
purpose : no studies quantify the labor market disparities between nurses with and without activity difficulties ( physical impairment or disability ) .
znf216 gene has been identified as one of immediate early genes ( iegs ) induced by rtks.
overexpression of znf216 protein sensitizes @number@ cell line to tnf-α induced apoptosis.
however , znf216 overexpression has been reported in medulloblastomas and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
thus , the role of this protein is still not clearly understood.
in this study , the inverse correlation between egfr and znf216 expression was confirmed in various human cancer cell lines differently expressing egfr.
a similar trend was observed in a431 cells endogenously expressing the egfr and transfected with znf216.
the increased levels of pegfr and znf216 in the nuclear fraction of nih3t3-egfr / znf216 cells were paralleled by increased levels of phospho-mapk and phospho-akt.
it is unknown whether similar changes occur in cardiac muscle.
in the current study , we investigate whether oral sodium nitrate treatment will improve myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina.
the intestinal microbiota is essential for nutrient acquisition , immune development , and exclusion of invading pathogens.
decades of carriage studies in children have demonstrated that microbe-microbe competition and collusion occurs in the urt.
diagnosis-stratified analyses revealed that this interaction was driven by the amci group ( p values = @number@ ) .
the interaction was not significant in control and ad dementia groups.
conclusions : women show better verbal memory than men in amci despite similar levels of brain hypometabolism.
this issue is clinically important because verbal memory scores are used in diagnosing amci and ad dementia.
follow-up was at least @number@ months.
doac was started early in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
we observed one ich ( @number@.3% / y ) and @number@ recurrent ais ( @number@.7% / y ) .
the ich occurred in a patient taking vka.
among all patients receiving anticoagulation , the rate of recurrent events was @number@ times higher than the rate of ich.
background : danon disease is an x-linked disorder that leads to fatal cardiomyopathy caused by a deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 ( lamp2 ) .
in vitro , ipsc-cms from these patients reproduced the histological features and autophagy failure of danon disease.
it outlines the aging trends in both countries and assesses the level of training for those who provide care in a variety of fields.
both countries are aging , but the programs for gerontological training are quite different in the two countries , reflecting underlying cultural values.
as an increasingly global village , the ability to share and learn is more easily achievable.
sweden and the united states have much to learn from each other in terms of appropriately educating and training those who support our older people.
we calculated age-specific incidence rates with the person-year method in 5-year bands.
we estimated the sex- and index-age-specific lifetime risk of incident diabetes , after adjusting for the competing risk of death.
results : the cohort included @number@ @number@ first nations and @number@ @number@ @number@ non-first nations people aged @number@ years or older.
the risk was higher among first nations people than among non-first nations people for all index ages and for both sexes.
among non-first nations people , men had a higher lifetime risk of diabetes than women across all index ages.
in contrast , among first nations people , women had a higher lifetime risk than men across all index ages.
these population-based estimates may help health care planners and decision-makers set priorities and increase public awareness and interest in the prevention of diabetes.
there is considerable uncertainty as to which model is most cost-effective and should therefore be mandated.
the base-case population consisted of men and women aged @number@ years with a hip fracture.
the risk and costs of hip and non-hip fractures were derived from large primary and hospital care data sets in the uk.
utilities were informed by a meta-regression of @number@ studies.
for women aged @number@ years , the og-led service was the most cost-effective at £22 , 709 / qaly.
a long-standing quest is to define the mechanisms responsible for the mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged mitochondria that occur during aging.
indeed , those defects are considered major contributors to the aging process.
we have analyzed the effect of aging on the muscle expression of mfn2 and the impact of mfn2 ablation on muscle function.
older versus younger patients had more comorbidities.
cardiovascular deaths accounted for a greater proportion of deaths in the youngest versus oldest quartile ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
cabg added to med has a consistent beneficial effect on cardiovascular mortality regardless of age.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct00023595.
cisplatin is the most potent and widespread used chemotherapy drug for lung cancer treatment.
however , the development of resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle in clinical therapy.
consistently , silencing of mir-33b-3p in the cisplatin-resistant a549 / ddp cells evidently sensitized the cells to cisplatin.
in aggregate , our results suggested that mir-33b-3p modulated the cisplatin sensitivity of cancer cells might probably through impairing the dna damage response.
and the knowledge of the drug resistance conferred by mir-33b-3p has great clinical implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapies for treating lung cancers.
to date , the players mediating this crosstalk have been elusive.
of @number@ ring e3 ligases examined computationally , our model predicted @number@ ei24 targets.
those targets are primarily involved in transcription , proteolysis , cellular bioenergetics , and apoptosis and regulated by tp53 and mtor signaling.
collectively , our work demonstrates that ei24 is an essential player in ups-autophagy crosstalk via degradation of ring e3 ligases.
these results indicate a paradigm shift regarding the fate of e3 ligases.
the changes of these senescence associated markers suggested that hfs , but not has , could ameliorate replicative senescence of hamsc in vitro.
in nude mice , hfs pretreatment restored the osteogenic ability of senescent hamsc.
tumor xenograft model revealed that hfs did not promote tumor growth.
autophagy is a fundamental biologic process that fulfills general and specialized roles in cytoplasmic homeostasis.
the cell-autonomous antimicrobial functions of autophagy have been established in the macrophage.
these cells and other leukocytes continue to be the cells of choice in studying autophagy in immunity and inflammation.
this review uses several model examples that will be of interest to leukocyte and cell biologists alike.
in humans , aging is associated with telomere shortening and increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury.
telomerase is essential to maintain telomere length.
the fourth generation mice with telomerase deletion have progressive shortening of telomeres.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) has been linked with vascular pathology and is a common complication of renal transplantation.
we addressed whether cmv seropositivity influences vascular pathology several years after transplant.
other measures of the burden of cmv are being tested as cmv prophylaxis is feasible as an approach to reduce vascular disease.
j. med.
virol.
89 : 177-181 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
objective : adults with serious mental illness are disproportionately affected by general medical comorbidity , earlier onset of disease , and premature mortality.
integrated self-management interventions have been developed to address both general medical and psychiatric illnesses.
this systematic review examined evidence about the effect of self-management interventions that target both general medical and psychiatric illnesses and evaluated the potential for implementation.
studies evaluating integrated general medical and psychiatric self-management interventions for adults with schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorders and general medical comorbidity were included.
factors identified that may deter implementation included operating costs , impractical length , and workforce requirements.
conclusions : integrated general medical and psychiatric illness self-management interventions appear feasible and acceptable , with high potential for clinical effectiveness.
however , implementation factors were rarely considered in intervention development , which may contribute to limited uptake and reach in real-world settings.
background : among nondiabetic individuals , higher fasting blood glucose ( fbg ) independently predicts diabetes risk , cardiovascular disease , and dementia.
ambient pm2.5 ( particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ @number@ μm ) is an emerging determinant of glucose dysregulation.
pm2.5 effects and mechanisms are understudied among nondiabetic individuals.
we fitted covariate-adjusted regression models accounting for repeated measures.
pm2.5 was negatively correlated with icam-1 methylation ( p = @number@ ) , but not with other genes.
mediation analysis estimated that icam-1 methylation mediated @percent@ of the association of 28-day pm2.5 with fbg.
conclusions : among nondiabetics , short- and medium-term pm2.5 were associated with higher fbg.
mediation analysis indicated that part of this association was mediated by icam-1 promoter methylation.
@number@
particulate air pollution and fasting blood glucose in nondiabetic individuals : associations and epigenetic mediation in the normative aging study , 2000-2011.
environ health perspect 124 : 1715-1721 ; @url@
background : exceptional aging , defined as reaching age @number@ years , shows geographic inequalities that may depend on local environmental conditions.
links between particulate pollution-a well-recognized environmental risk factor-and exceptional aging have not been investigated.
these associations were nearly linear , were stable to model specification , and were detectable below the annual pm2.5 national standard.
exceptional aging was also associated with obesity rates and median income.
conclusions : communities with the most exceptional aging have low ambient air pollution and low rates of smoking , poverty , and obesity.
improvements in these determinants may contribute to increasing exceptional aging.
citation : baccarelli aa , hales n , burnett rt , jerrett m , mix c , dockery dw , pope ca iii.
@number@
particulate air pollution , exceptional aging , and rates of centenarians : a nationwide analysis of the united states , 1980-2010.
environ health perspect 124 : 1744-1750 ; @url@
background : walking is a complex motor task that requires an integrated coordination of the trunk , lower limb , and upper limb movements.
previously , few studies have investigated the activation pattern of trunk muscles during walking.
however , the mechanisms by how aging affects the recruitment of trunk muscles during walking remain unclear.
objective : the present study aimed to compare the activation of trunk and lower limb muscles during walking in younger and older women.
an ageing population is a typical feature of many developed countries across the world.
analyzed from a biomedical and philosophical point of view , this phenomenon is also a potential risk factor for social sustainability of communities.
the association between ageing and cancer seems to be more than apparent.
therefore , the further increase of epidemic-like incidence of malignant tumors in a population can be expected in the near future.
elderly people usually suffer from age-dependent diseases , and such polymorbidity can seriously affect the treatment of malignant tumors.
such an impending situation may be associated with multiple medical , social and economic issues.
this article summarizes data about the possible molecular mechanism influencing rapid spreading of tumors in the elderly population.
reduction of the activity of dna repair machinery is a likely genetic cause.
besides this , even epigenetic mechanisms can influence this process.
unlike other life domains , sexual quality of life ( sqol ) has a negative relationship with age.
repeated measures linear mixed-effects models showed that age was the most robust time-related predictor of declining sqol.
when partnership characteristics were included in the model , age was no longer related to sqol.
we summarize these findings as sexual wisdom.
the early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis can be difficult.
delay in diagnosis leads to increase in the area of necrosis with a resulting increase in cosmetic deformity and life-threatening complication.
saline solution was used as irrigation to treat the patients with acute necrotizing fasciitis.
difficulties in managing this condition with nf extent to deep anterior mediastinum is related to clavicle osteotomy or thoracotomy need with high surgical risks.
in our technique , by gentle suction in anterior mediastinum , necrotic tissue resection was possible without any osteotomy need.
multidisciplinary approach is paramount for proper treatment of this disease.
the elderly population is rapidly growing and particularly diverse.
ageing leads to reduced organ function and a decline in physiologic reserve.
elderly patients are characterised by great inter-individual variability in physiological function with a high prevalence of chronic disease.
in general , older patients have a higher risk of postoperative adverse outcomes , and frailty is a very important risk factor.
this review article aims to provide a practical guide to anaesthetic management of the elderly surgical patient.
to optimise care , clinicians should be familiar with the typical physiologic changes related to ageing and the implications for anaesthetic management.
all anaesthetic techniques , methods and agents can be applied , if tailored to the patient's physiologic and pathologic changes.
to reduce the risk of circulatory collapse , the clinician should carefully titrate anaesthetics and await the response with patience.
perioperative neuromuscular monitoring is therefore strongly recommended.
methods : ten children with ds and eight healthy control subjects were included in the study.
several biological findings have been associated with age-related disorders , including increased oxidative stress , inflammation , and telomere shortening.
the objective of this study was to compare telomere length among participants with bd at early and late stages and age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
methods : : twenty-six euthymic subjects with bd and @number@ healthy controls were recruited.
genomic dna was extracted from peripheral blood and mean telomere length was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
the sample size prevented additional subgroup analyses , including potential effects of medication , smoking status , and lifestyle.
automated image processing included an intra-subject registration of all time points and an inter-subjects registration to a brain atlas.
a mixed effects model framework was used to determine the degree to which dti changes differed in pd relative to changes in healthy subjects.
significant dti changes were also tested for correlations with changes in clinical measures , dopaminergic imaging and csf biomarkers in pd patients.
increased dti rates in the thalamus correlated with progressive decline in global cognition in pd.
the results suggest that higher rates of regional microstructural degeneration are potential markers of pd progression.
however , very few genetic loci have been identified , and the underlying mechanisms of afb and neb are poorly understood.
we report a large genome-wide association study of both sexes including @number@ individuals for afb and @number@ individuals for neb.
design this was a parallel , two-arm , single-centre trial.
few studies have provided detailed evaluations of the diet of childhood cancer survivors.
the healthy eating index-2010 ( hei-2010 ) was calculated to quantify diet quality.
cancer diagnosis and treatment exposure were abstracted from medical records.
differences in hei-2010 by patient characteristics and treatment exposure were examined by using ancova.
results : the mean ± sd hei-2010 in childhood cancer survivors was @number@ ± @number@ of a maximum score of @number@
conclusions : long-term childhood cancer survivors have poor adherence to the @number@ dietary guidelines for americans.
findings reinforce the need to incorporate nutrition into cancer care to improve diet quality and to reduce morbidities.
background : previous work demonstrated that a soy-dairy protein blend ( pb ) prolongs hyperaminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis in young adults after resistance exercise.
objective : we investigated the effect of pb in older adults.
methods : this double-blind , randomized controlled trial studied men 55-75 y of age.
blood and muscle amino acid concentrations and basal and postexercise muscle protein turnover were measured by using stable isotopic methods.
muscle mtorc1 signaling was assessed by immunoblotting.
results : both groups increased amino acid concentrations ( p < @number@ ) and mtorc1 signaling after protein ingestion ( p < @number@ ) .
within-group percentage of change differences were not different between groups for fsr , fbr , or net balance ( p ≥ @number@ ) .
these data add new evidence for the use of whey or soy-dairy pbs as targeted nutritional interventions to counteract sarcopenia.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01847261.
however , it is unknown how neural development of these regions relates to the development of face-perception abilities.
since similar faces generate lower responses than dissimilar faces due to fmri adaptation , this design objectively evaluates neural sensitivity to face identity across development.
additionally , a subset of subjects participated in a behavioral experiment to assess perceptual discriminability of face identity.
in contrast , perceptual discriminability is not correlated with the amplitude of response in face-selective regions or of responses of object-selective regions.
these data suggest that developmental increases in neural sensitivity to face identity in face-selective regions improve perceptual discriminability of faces.
significance statement : face perception , which is critical for daily social interactions , develops from childhood to adulthood.
however , it is unknown what developmental changes in the brain lead to improved performance.
thus , our results suggest that developmental increases in face-selective regions ' sensitivity to face identity improve perceptual discrimination of faces.
oligogenic inheritance implies a role for several genetic factors in disease etiology.
carriers of additional mendelian gene variants have younger ages at onset ( aao ) .
this study highlights the potential genetic complexity of mendelian pd.
in the future this may be relevant to genetic testing and counselling of patients with pd and their families.
objective : the prevalence of diabetes in the eastern mediterranean region ( emr ) is among the highest in the world.
we used findings from the global burden of disease @number@ study to calculate the burden of diabetes in the emr.
a systematic analysis was performed on mortality and morbidity data to estimate prevalence , deaths , and disability-adjusted life years ( dalys ) .
in @number@ hfpg accounted for @percent@ ( @percent@ ui : @number@.4-5.3 ) of dalys from all causes.
conclusions : our findings show that diabetes causes a major burden in the emr , which is increasing.
aging and population growth do not fully explain this increase in the diabetes burden.
through longitudinal modeling , we describe the relationship of hba results : the median number of lipid assessments was @number@ ( range 2-39 ) .
the study of preclinical cases is valuable to gain insights into early pathological features of corticobasal degeneration and its progression.
three preclinical corticobasal degeneration cases and six age-matched end-stage corticobasal degeneration cases were included in this study.
tau immunohistochemistry performed in @number@ brain regions and quantitative assessment of regional tau load using image analysis were performed.
an anterior-to-posterior tau load ratio in the frontal cortex in preclinical cases was 12-fold greater than in end-stage corticobasal degeneration cases.
diverse pathological features have been identified , and their disease relevance remains much debated.
here , we describe two illuminating patients with frontotemporal dementia due to the c9orf72 repeat expansion.
these findings suggest that c9orf72-specific phenomena may impact brain structure and function and emerge before first symptoms and tdp-43 aggregation.
niid has been considered to be a heterogeneous disease because of the highly variable clinical manifestations , and ante-mortem diagnosis has been difficult.
in this study , we studied @number@ cases of adult-onset niid and described their clinical and pathological features.
muscle weakness and sensory disturbance were also observed.
in familial cases with more than @number@ years of onset age , dementia was most prominent ( @percent@ ) .
elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein and abnormal nerve conduction were frequently observed in both sporadic and familial niid cases.
all of the dementia dominant cases presented with this type of leukoencephalopathy on head magnetic resonance imaging.
both sporadic and familial niid cases presented with a decline in mini-mental state examination and frontal assessment battery scores.
based on these clinicopathological features , we proposed a diagnosis flow chart of adult-onset niid.
our study suggested that the prevalence rate of adult-onset niid may be higher than previously thought , and that niid may be underdiagnosed.
we should take niid into account for differential diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy and neuropathy.
summary : mathematical models and their simulation are increasingly used to gain insights into cellular pathways and regulatory networks.
dynamics of regulatory factors can be modeled using boolean networks ( bns ) , among others.
text-based representations of models are precise descriptions , but hard to understand and interpret.
visibool aims at providing a graphical way of modeling and simulating networks.
in order to address the challenges of clear design and a user-friendly graphical user interface ( gui ) , visibool implements visual representations of bns.
additionally temporal extensions of the bns for the modeling of regulatory time delays are incorporated.
the gui of visibool allows to model , organize , simulate and visualize bns as well as corresponding simulation results such as attractors.
attractor searches are performed in parallel to the modeling process.
hence , changes in the network behavior are visualized at the same time.
availability and implementation : visibool ( java @number@ ) is freely available at @url@ .
contact : @email@
background and purpose : visualization of pathogenic protein aggregates is crucial to elucidate pathomechanisms and to make an accurate diagnosis in many neurodegenerative conditions.
aggregates of the microtubule-binding protein , tau , are one of the most important pathogenic molecules in neurodegenerative disorders.
progressive supranuclear palsy ( psp ) is characterized by the deposition of tau proteins in some specific area such as the basal ganglia and brainstem.
funders granting money to research institutions increasingly express interest into how their financial resources are used and look for successful translation in clinical practice.
an inordinately high amount of time and money is thus spent on research that does not always have the required human impact.
potential reasons for these problems are numerous.
although research misconduct occurs and contributes to this shortcoming , it is not the only important factor.
frequently , basic science results turn out to be irreproducible.
further confounding problems include an insufficient transferability of animal to human physiology , as well as intersubject group variability , for example , sexual dimorphisms.
here , we will review how the journal of neurochemistry can contribute to increasing the value of preclinical and translational research.
despite a vast amount of very promising basic research findings , these failed to successfully translate into the clinical practice so far.
we will also explain measures the journal of neurochemistry have implemented to overcome these issues and weaknesses in preclinical research.
this article is part of the 60th anniversary special issue.
background : in this study , we examined epidemiological aspects of dynamic changes in incidences of laryngeal cancer in male and female populations in kazakhstan.
materials and methods : primary data were for registered patients with malignant laryngeal tumors in the whole country during the period of 1999-2014.
evaluation of changes in laryngeal cancer incidence in the population of kazakhstan was performed using component analysis.
conclusions : this investigation was the first epidemiological study of dynamics of laryngeal cancer by component analysis in the population of kazakhstan.
implementation of the results of the study is recommended in management of anti-cancer activities for laryngeal cancer.
background : cancer is a major health problem due to the aging population with increasing deaths.
family functioning is affected by cancer diagnosis and treatment.
to analyze the data spss- @number@ software was used for descriptive and analytical statistics.
significance level was defined p < 0.05.
only in problem-solving item do these families experience more difficulty.
background : frailty has become a high-priority issue in cardiovascular medicine because of the aging of cardiovascular patients.
simple and reproducible tools to assess frailty in elderly patients are clearly on demand.
their application may help physicians in the selection of invasive and medical treatments and in the timing and modality of the follow-up.
methods : the fraser program is a multicenter prospective study involving @number@ italian cardiology units.
the fraser program enrolls only patients aged ≥70 years.
the core of the fraser program includes patients admitted to hospital for acs.
the aims are ( @number@ ) to describe sppb distribution before hospital discharge and ( @number@ ) to investigate the prognostic role of sppb score.
the primary outcome is a composite of 1-year all-cause mortality and hospital readmission for any cause.
according to a @number@ national survey , @number@ % of adults in china have diabetes , affecting @number@ million individuals.
collectively , these secular changes have created an obesogenic environment that can unmask diabetes in subjects with a genetic predisposition.
the growing prevalence of maternal obesity , gestational diabetes , childhood obesity , and early-onset disease can lead to premature morbidity and mortality.
purpose : revealing the relationship between mobility impairment and life satisfaction can help to propose effective interventions to secure mobility and life satisfaction.
however , the relationship remains unclear and lacks quantitative evidence in china.
this study therefore assesses the association of mobility impairment , social engagement , and life satisfaction among the older population in china.
methods : based on the sample of china health and retirement longitudinal survey database in @number@ a structural equation modeling is established.
the sample size is @number@ with @percent@ with mobility impairment.
social engagement is positively related to life satisfaction ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
moreover , the relationships have some differences for the seniors with different sociodemographic characteristics and living in different residential areas.
conclusions : as seniors get older , they tend to have more severe mobility impairment and participate less in social activities.
those with higher mobility impairment are more likely to report lower life satisfaction partly because they usually participate less in social activities.
background older non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) patients under erlotinib are reported to experience more acute toxicity.
we hypothesized that modifications in erlotinib pharmacokinetics might explain this observation.
methods a monocentric prospective clinico-pharmacological study included stage iiib / iv nsclc consecutive pts. treated with erlotinib.
the plasma concentration of erlotinib ( ce ) was measured at steady state on day @number@
results a total of @number@ pts. were analyzed.
median age was @number@ years ( 31-83 ) , @number@ % were female.
at day @number@ ce increased with age.
reduced lean body mass over @number@ years ( median @number@ kg versus @number@ kg ) might account for these differences.
finally , the risk of early erlotinib discontinuation was increased by @number@ in older pts.
( @number@ % vs @number@ % or @number@ @number@ % ci [ @number@ @number@ ] p = @number@ ) .
conclusion the risk of overexposure to erlotinib increases with age.
reduced lean body mass may explain erlotinib pharmacokinetics and excessive acute toxicity in the elderly.
objective : this study examined age group differences in the rates of depression diagnosis and treatment using a national probability sample.
study design descriptive , cross-sectional.
background age-related muscle atrophy is common in lower-limb muscles.
we therefore speculated that foot muscles may also diminish with age.
however , there is a paucity of literature characterizing foot muscle strength and morphology , and any relationship between these @number@ in older people.
objective to compare the strength and size of the toe flexor muscles of older adults relative to their younger counterparts.
toe strength was assessed using a pressure platform.
correlations between strength and size of the toe flexor muscles of the pooled group ( n = @number@ ) were also calculated.
hallux and toe flexor strength values were strongly correlated with the size of the intrinsic toe flexor muscles.
conclusion the smaller foot muscles appear to be affected by sarcopenia in older adults.
this could contribute to reduced toe flexion force production and may affect the ability of older people to walk safely.
interventions aimed at reversing foot muscle atrophy in older people require further investigation.
j orthop sports phys ther @number@ ; 46 ( @number@ ) : 1065-1070.
epub @date@ . doi : 10.2519 / jospt.2016.6597.
background : phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) may be a marker of health state.
we could not define an acceptable phase angle cutoff for individual prediction of mortality ( lk ) , based on sensibility and specificity values.
human dna is the main unit that shapes human characteristics and features such as behavior.
thus , it is expected that changes in dna ( dna mutation ) influence human characteristics and features.
face is one of the human features which is unique and also dependent on his gen.
in this paper , for the first time we analyze the variations of human dna and face simultaneously.
we do this job by analyzing the fractal dimension of dna walk and face during human aging.
the results of this study show the human dna and face get more complex by aging.
these complexities are mapped on fractal exponents of dna walk and human face.
the identified proteins interacting with the fra16d fragment included some known cfs stabilizers , thereby validating this screening approach.
functional experiments revealed defective checkpoint signaling and escape of dna replication intermediates into mitosis and the next generation of xpc-depleted cells exposed to rs.
lrrk2 can function as a protein kinase and mutations lead to increased kinase activity.
to explore the function of lrrk2 variants in vivo , we performed mass spectrometry and quantified @number@ proteins in the fly brain.
the direct phosphorylation of human synaptojanin-1 by r1441c hlrrk2 could further be confirmed by in vitro kinase assays.
a protein-protein interaction screen in the fly brain confirms that lrrk2 robustly interacts with numerous sv proteins , including synaptojanin-1 and endophilina.
our proteomic , phosphoproteomic and interactome study in the drosophila brain provides a systematic analyses of r1441c hlrrk2-induced pathobiological mechanisms in this model.
a widely accepted dogma is that about 15-20% of cardiac output is received by the brain in healthy adults under resting conditions.
ssna was normalized to , and expressed as , a percentage of baseline.
reflex vasodilation was attenuated in older adults ( p < @number@ ) .
no targeted therapy is available against this subtype of cancer owing to a lack of validated molecular targets.
direct inhibition of the oncogenic transcriptional activity of myc has been challenging to achieve.
pim1 expression was higher in tn tumors than in rp tumors and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with hormone- and her2-negative tumors.
our findings warrant clinical evaluation of pim kinase inhibitors in patients with tn tumors that have elevated myc expression.
purpose : this study investigated the influence of several methodological details on the shear bond strength ( sbs ) testing of pit and fissure sealants.
the following variables were considered : type of enamel surfaces , prismatic vs aprismatic enamel , etching time , and aging and shearing procedures.
after following each protocol , sbs was determined using a universal testing machine , followed by failure mode analysis.
data were analysed using mann-whitney u-tests and regression analyses.
results : in the aprismatic enamel group , the longer etching time resulted in slightly , not statistically significantly higher sbs.
when aging sealants on aprismatic enamel with different procedures , significantly lower sbs was found for @number@ thermocycles.
failure mode analysis showed adhesive failures to be predominant.
simple linear regression revealed that all of the included factors significantly influenced sbs.
conclusion : enamel grinding , aging method , and type of enamel surface significantly influenced the sbs.
intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development , and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life.
it is highly heritable , but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined.
in a genome-wide association study of @number@ adults , we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals.
four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature , but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height.
all three programs have fewer than @number@ years of history.
these three countries differ in society types based on the proportion of older adults , rate of population aging , and population size.
however , in terms of gerontological education , they seem to share great commonalities.
background : romosozumab , a monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin , increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption.
methods : we enrolled @number@ postmenopausal women who had a t score of @number@ to @number@ at the total hip or femoral neck.
the coprimary end points were the cumulative incidences of new vertebral fractures at @number@ months and @number@ months.
secondary end points included clinical ( a composite of nonvertebral and symptomatic vertebral ) and nonvertebral fractures.
adverse events , including instances of hyperostosis , cardiovascular events , osteoarthritis , and cancer , appeared to be balanced between the groups.
one atypical femoral fracture and two cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were observed in the romosozumab group.
the lower risk of clinical fracture that was seen with romosozumab was evident at @number@ year.
( funded by amgen and ucb pharma ; frame clinicaltrials.gov number , nct01575834 . ) .
osteocalcin ( oc ) is a vitamin k-dependent protein synthesized during bone formation.
ucoc decreases in response to vitamin k supplementation.
the electrocardiographic qrs duration , a measure of ventricular depolarization and conduction , is associated with cardiovascular mortality.
data sources : medline and embase ( without language restrictions ) , from their inception to @date@ .
data extraction : @number@ reviewers independently extracted study data and assessed study quality.
data synthesis : mobility , disability , and nutrition were frequently assessed domains of frailty in both types of procedures.
in patients undergoing major procedures ( n = @number@ @number@ @number@ studies ) , @number@ frailty instruments were evaluated.
there was moderate-quality evidence to assess mobility or disability and very-low- to low-quality evidence for using a multicomponent instrument to predict mortality or macces.
no studies examined functional status.
in patients undergoing minimally invasive procedures ( n = @number@ @number@ studies ) , @number@ frailty instruments were evaluated.
there was moderate- to high-quality evidence for assessing mobility to predict mortality or functional status.
several multicomponent instruments predicted mortality , functional status , or macces , but the quality of evidence was low to moderate.
multicomponent instruments that measure different frailty domains seemed to outperform single-component ones.
limitation : heterogeneity of frailty assessment , limited generalizability of multicomponent frailty instruments , few validated frailty instruments , and potential publication bias.
primary funding source : national institute on aging and national heart , lung , and blood institute.
we and others have focused on clarifying the age-related changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo.
further , there is emerging evidence that various muscles may be affected differently by age-related changes in physical activity and movement patterns.
in this review , we will focus on age-related changes in oxidative capacity and flux measured in vivo in human skeletal muscle.
dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease worldwide.
it is caused by dengue viruses ( denv ) and the mosquito aedes aegypti is its primary vector.
we demonstrated that genetic variation among mosquitoes contributes significantly to transmission potential and length of eip.
we reveal that shorter eip is genetically correlated with reduced mosquito lifespan , highlighting negative life-history consequences for virus-infected mosquitoes.
this work highlights the capacity for local genetic variation in mosquito populations to evolve and to dramatically affect the nature of human outbreaks.
it also provides the impetus for isolating mosquito genes that determine eip.
more broadly , our dual experimental approach offers new opportunities for studying the evolutionary potential of transmission traits in other vector / pathogen systems.
the aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of commercial video games ( vgs ) in physical rehabilitation of motor functions.
the search was limited to peer-reviewed english journals.
the beginning of the search time frame was not restricted and the end of the search time frame was @date@ .
only randomized controlled trial , cohort , and observational studies evaluating the effect of vgs on physical rehabilitation were included in the review.
a total of @number@ abstracts were screened , @number@ were fully reviewed , and @number@ papers were eventually included.
the following information was extracted from the selected studies : device type , number and type of patients , intervention , and main outcomes.
there was large variability in the protocols used ( e.g. number of sessions , intervention duration , outcome measures , and sample size ) .
the results of this review show that in most cases , the introduction of vg training in physical rehabilitation offered similar results as conventional therapy.
therefore , vgs could be added as an adjunct treatment in rehabilitation for various pathologies to stimulate patient motivation.
vgs could also be used at home to maintain rehabilitation benefits.
older adults with serious mental illness ( smi ) are an understudied population with complex care needs and high rates of obesity / overweight.
little is known about the experiences of older adults with smi with weight management.
physical health concerns were highly prevalent in both groups.
weight management interventions for this population should take a multifaceted approach.
we examined quadratic relations of cholesterol to performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
method : participants were @number@ older adults ( @percent@ men , ages 54-83 ) free of major medical , neurologic , and psychiatric disease.
measures of fasting plasma total and high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol were assayed , and ldl cholesterol was calculated.
participants completed neuropsychological measures of attention , executive function , memory , visuospatial judgment , and manual speed and dexterity.
high and low total and ldl cholesterol may confer both risk and benefit for suboptimal cognitive function at different ages.
hippocampal volume has been suggested as the primary neuronal correlate of delayed primacy recall in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
here , we studied the association of hippocampal volume with primacy recall in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) .
primacy and recency performance were measured during learning and delayed recall.
hippocampal volumes were automatically determined from structural mri scans.
we conducted regression analyses with bilateral hippocampal volumes as predictors and serial position indices as outcomes.
primacy performance during learning was associated with the right inferior and middle temporal gyrus as well as the right inferior parietal cortex and supramerginal gyrus.
during delayed recall , primacy performance was related to the bilateral supramarginal gyri.
conclusions : our findings suggest a reduced primacy effect in amci already during learning , contrasting previous findings in normal cognitive aging.
this might indicate impaired encoding and consolidation processes at an early stage of episodic memory acquisition.
decomposition-enhanced spike-triggered averaging was used to collect surface and intramuscular electromyography signals during dorsiflexion at ∼25% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction.
near fiber ( nf ) mu potential analysis was used to assess neuromuscular transmission stability.
future studies may identify the concomitant roles genetics and exercise play in neuroprotection.
there is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and spinal cord.
inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are generally referred to as ' neuroinflammatory'.
aspects of neuroinflammation vary within the context of disease , injury , infection , or stress.
microglia , innate immune cells of the cns , play key roles in mediating these neuroinflammatory responses.
because the connotation of neuroinflammation is inherently negative and maladaptive , the majority of research focus is on the pathological aspects of neuroinflammation.
there are , however , several degrees of neuroinflammatory responses , some of which are positive.
in many circumstances including cns injury , there is a balance of inflammatory and intrinsic repair processes that influences functional recovery.
in addition , there are several other examples where communication between the brain and immune system involves neuroinflammatory processes that are beneficial and adaptive.
this article is part of the 60th anniversary supplemental issue.
' metabolism ' refers to the vast collection of chemical processes that occur within a living organism.
this review operationally refers to this type of metabolism as ' energy metabolism ' or ' bioenergetics. '
a bench-to-bedside biomedical research process is discussed that moves through conceptual , basic , translational , and clinical levels.
for example , herein a case was made that bioenergetics is a valid alzheimer's disease therapeutic target.
following this , a fundamental strategy for manipulating bioenergetics was defined , potential implications studied , and the approach extended to the clinical arena.
this article is part of the 60th anniversary special issue.
aside from its roles in as a classical neurotransmitter involved in regulation of behavior , noradrenaline ( na ) has other functions in the cns.
this includes restricting the development of neuroinflammatory activation , providing neurotrophic support to neurons , and providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress.
lc damage is present in ad , multiple sclerosis , and a large number of other diseases and conditions.
the classical neurotransmitter noradrenaline ( na ) has critical roles in modulating behaviors including those involved in sleep , anxiety , and depression.
this article is part of the 60th anniversary special issue.
dementia has emerged as a major societal issue because of the worldwide aging population and the absence of any effective treatment.
dna methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that evidently plays a role in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
folate acts through one-carbon metabolism to support the methylation of multiple substrates including dna.
we aimed to test the hypothesis that folic acid supplementation alters dna methylation profiles in ad models.
mouse neuro-2a cells expressing human app695 ( n2a-app cells ) were incubated with folic acid ( @date@ μmol / l ) .
ad transgenic mice were fed either folate-deficient or control diets and gavaged daily with water or folic acid ( @number@ μg / kg ) .
gene methylation profiles were determined by methylated dna immunoprecipitation-dna microarray ( medip-chip ) .
folic acid up-regulated dna methylation levels in n2a-app cells and ad transgenic mouse brains.
in conclusion , these results revealed a role for folic acid in the jak-stat and ltd signaling pathways which may be relevant to ad pathogenesis.
this novel finding may stimulate reinvestigation of folic acid supplementation as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for ad.
accordingly , ank1 polymorphisms might contribute to late-onset ad ( load ) risk.
one polymorphism rs515071 was identified to be a potential risk factor for type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) .
in conclusion , our findings demonstrate that rs515071 in ank1 is a novel genetic risk for load susceptibility in han chinese.
a total of @number@ chinese children and adolescents between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years were recruited from southern china.
body composition was measured by dxa ( lunar prodigy ) to acquire total body and total body less head ( tblh ) measures.
lmi was calculated as the lm ( kg ) divided by the height in meters squared.
strong sex gaps were observed after age @number@ in total body lmi and appendicular lmi ( p < @number@ ) .
lm and lmi values continued to increase for boys up to age @number@ compared to girls who plateaued after age @number@
the appendicular lmi was more strongly associated with total body bmc and tblh bmc than was total body lmi.
the correlations between the bmc values and the lm measures were stronger than the fat mass results.
we also present sex-specific percentile curves for lm-age and lmi-age relationships , which could be useful for identifying the lm deficits in this population.
several studies have demonstrated that pparγ activation is involved in the immunostimulation of amyloid-β precursor protein processing by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) .
the present study found that tripchlorolide ( t epigenetic modulation is found to get involved in multiple neurobehavioral processes.
together , these findings suggest that the inheritance of phenotypic traits through male germ-line epigenome may represent the unique manner of adaptation during evolution.
hence , more attention should be paid to the paternal health , given its equivalently important role in affecting neurobehaviors of descendants.
dietary patterns and some dietary components have been linked with dementia.
we therefore performed a meta-analysis of available studies to determine whether there is an association between diet and risk of dementia.
we included eligible articles and estimated risk ratio ( rr ) with @number@ % confidence intervals ( @number@ % cis ) .
finally , there were @number@ trials that met the inclusion standard.
low levels of vitamin d were associated with cognitive decline.
the effect of fish , vegetables , fruits , and alcohol needs further investigation.
the findings will be of great significance to guide people to prevent dementia.
interdisciplinary approaches combining genetics , molecular and cell biology , and laboratory animal science have revealed some of its potential molecular mechanisms.
our review summarizes the latest new findings of ftld and challenges in ftld therapy.
here , we demonstrate that in addition to its anti-apoptotic function , sappα has effects on neuronal proteostasis under conditions of proteasomal stress.
in analogy , sappα was able to inhibit mg132-induced bag3 expression in primary hippocampal neurons.
in conclusion , we demonstrate that modulation of proteostasis is a distinct biological function of sappα and does not require surface-bound holo-app.
our data shed new light on the physiological functions of app and the interplay between app processing and proteostasis during brain aging.
the main goal of this study was to investigate whether brain insulin infusions improve spatial memory in aged and young rats.
the animals were then assessed for spatial memory using a morris water maze.
insulin increased memory performance in young rats , but not in aged rats.
thus , we searched for cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this distinct memory response.
in contrast , young rats showed insulin-mediated trkb / bdnf response , which paralleled with improved memory performance.
centenarians not only enjoy an extraordinary aging , but also show a compression of morbidity.
sub-network analysis led us to identify bcl-xl as an important gene up-regulated in centenarians.
it is involved in the control of apoptosis , cellular damage protection and also in modulation of immune response , all associated to healthy aging.
indeed , centenarians display lower plasma cytochrome c levels , higher mitochondrial membrane potential and also less cellular damage accumulation than septuagenarians.
leukocyte chemotaxis and nk cell activity are significantly impaired in septuagenarians compared with young people whereas centenarians maintain them.
the participants were recruited randomly from all administrative regions of poland by a three-stage , proportional , stratified-by-age group selection process.
we showed that presence any of the analyzed conditions significantly increased the risk for co-occurrence of other examined weaknesses.
we concluded that the majority of the old people living in the community present various clinical conditions that prompt disability.
sirtuin6 ( sirt6 ) has been implicated as a key factor in aging and aging-related diseases.
however , the role of sirt6 in cellular senescence has not been fully understood.
further information and enquiries can be made to [ sagesurvey@who.int ] or the corresponding author.
the data resource will continue to be updated with data across additional waves of these surveys and new waves.
previous epidemiological studies have shown that methylglyoxal ( mgo ) levels are highly regulated in diabetic cardiovascular diseases.
we have also previously reported that mgo mediates er stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
therefore , we hypothesized that apc protects against mgo-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the inhibition of er stress.
our results showed that apc inhibited mgo-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and er stress-related gene expression.
here , we review the latest research on the development of aβ modulators for neuroprotection in ad.
we also review the use of molecular inhibitors as therapeutic targets in ad.
short-term disuse and subsequent recovery affect whole muscle and single myofiber contractile function in young and old.
in old , myosin content decreased more ( p < 0.05 ) in mhc 2a vs @number@ fibers.
changes in myosin content appear to occur independently of age , while influenced by fiber type ( mhc isoform ) in young but not old.
the investigators interpreted this result as reflecting the ability of l1 listeners to rapidly segregate the target words from a masker.
results show that thresholds were higher for the two l2s groups than for the l1s.
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) neurofilament light ( nfl ) is a marker of axonal degeneration.
we included @number@ participants in a 2-year longitudinal study with baseline csf measures and @number@ magnetic resonance images.
eighty-eight participants had full data available.
a subgroup of @number@ participants with very low ad risk was also studied.
nfl predicted hippocampal atrophy rate independently of age , β-amyloid 1-42 , and p-tau.
developmental , clinical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.
background and aims : we aimed to identify clusters of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) components , risky for extremely high intima-media thickness.
this is corroborated in mice ( mtdna deletions @number@ vs @number@ pg / ml , p < @number@ ) .
overall specificities of fgf21 and gdf15 to find patients with mitochondrial myopathy were @percent@ vs @percent@ , and sensitivities @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
however , gdf15 was increased also in a wide range of nonmitochondrial conditions.
however , normal s-fgf21 does not exclude structural respiratory chain complex or assembly factor defects , important to acknowledge in diagnostics.
the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is highly dependent on apolipoprotein-e ( apoe ) genotype.
the method utilizes an antibody-free enrichment step and isotope-labeled physiologically relevant lipoprotein particle standards produced by immortalized astrocytes.
we applied this method to a cohort of well characterized clinical samples and observed the following findings.
we did , however , observe an age-related increase in both apoe isoforms.
in contrast to normal aging , the presence of amyloid increased apoe3 , whereas apoe4 was unchanged or decreased.
importantly , for heterozygotes , the apoe4 / apoe3 isoform ratio was increased in the cns , although the reverse was true in the periphery.
finally , csf apoe levels , but not plasma apoe levels , correlated with csf β-amyloid levels.
collectively , these findings support the hypothesis that cns and peripheral apoe are separate pools and differentially regulated.
background : it is unknown whether dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly.
we analyzed wcrf / aicr recommendations in cohorts of european and u.s. adults ages @number@ years and above.
methods : individual participant data meta-analysis included @number@ participants ( @percent@ women ) , from seven prospective cohort studies , free from cancer at enrollment.
cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the diet score and cancer risks.
adjusted , cohort-specific hrs were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
results : after a median follow-up of @number@ to @number@ years across cohorts , @number@ cancer cases were identified.
conclusions : adherence to wcrf / aicr dietary recommendations is associated with lower risk of cancer among older adults.
impact : dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly.
cancer epidemiol biomarkers prev ; 26 ( @number@ ) ; 136-44. ©2016 aacr.
background : deciding about undergoing prenatal screening is difficult , as it entails risks , potential loss and regrets , and challenges to personal values.
we also added health literacy variables to explore their influence on pregnant women's intention.
methods : we conducted a survey of pregnant women in the province of quebec ( canada ) using a web panel.
eligible women watched a video depicting the behavior of interest before completing a web-based questionnaire.
we performed descriptive , bivariate , and ordinal logistic regression analyses.
health literacy did not add to the predictive power of our model ( p values range .43-.92 ) .
however , interventions on moral norms related to the use of da should be treated with caution.
further studies that include populations with low health literacy are needed before decisive claims can be made.
introduction : high blood glucose levels may be responsible for the increased risk for dementia in diabetic patients.
methods : a secondary data analysis merging electronic medical records ( emrs ) with data collected from the indianapolis-ibadan dementia project ( iidp ) .
of the enrolled @number@ african americans , @number@ were identified in the emr.
study endpoints were dementia , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , or normal cognition.
repeated serum glucose measurements were used as the outcome variables.
they also had significantly higher glucose levels up to @number@ years before the dementia diagnosis ( p = @number@ ) .
results : the microarray data revealed significant down regulation in oxphos genes in ad , particularly those encoded in the nucleus.
in contrast , there was up regulation of the same gene ( s ) in mci subjects compared to ad and nd cases.
no significant differences were observed in mtdna genes identified in the array between ad , nd , and mci subjects except one mt-nd6.
discussion : our findings suggest that restoration of the expression of nuclear-encoded oxphos genes in aging could be a viable strategy for blunting ad progression.
these alterations likely impact the processing and trafficking of proteins , which might contribute to neuronal dysfunction in ad.
instead , it combines all age-related diseases and their preclinical forms , in addition to other pathological changes.
we present @number@ cases of early-onset alzheimer's disease due to a novel n135y mutation in psen1.
the proband presented with memory and other cognitive symptoms at age @number@
amyloid- and fdg-pet scans showed typical results of alzheimer's disease.
by history , the proband's father had developed cognitive symptoms at age @number@ and died at age @number@
neuropathological evaluation confirmed alzheimer's disease , with moderate to severe amyloid angiopathy.
skeletal muscle showed type @number@ fiber-predominant atrophy with pale central clearing.
genetic testing of the proband revealed an n135y missense mutation in psen1.
this mutation was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico analysis.
neurodegenerative diseases are a very diverse group of disorders but they share some common mechanisms such as abnormally misfolded proteins with prion-like propagation and aggregation.
creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) is the most prevalent prion disease in humans.
in the sporadic form of cjd the only known risk factor is the codon @number@ polymorphism.
recent reports suggested that α-synuclein in multiple system atrophy ( msa ) has similar pathogenic mechanisms as the prion protein.
here we present @number@ italian family with msa and prion disease.
we then analyzed codon @number@ polymorphism by sanger sequencing and compared with previously published results in sporadic cjd.
our data show that the homozygous state of position @number@ in the prnp is not a risk factor for msa.
no other variants in the prnp gene were associated with increased risk for msa.
osteoporosis is a major medical burden and its impact is expected to increase in our aging society.
it is associated with low bone density and microstructural deterioration.
treatments are available , but the critical factor is to define individuals at risk from osteoporotic fractures.
@number@ patients were excluded because of the weaning failure during t-tube trial.
the patients who had optimum weaning criteria after the t-tube trial of 30minutes were extubated.
the patients were kept on vm for 1hour to observe the hemodynamic and respiratory stability.
the length of stay in the icu was also significantly shorter in niv group ( @number@.2±4.9 vs. @number@.7±7.7 days ) .
we recommend the use of nimv in such patients to avoid unexpected ventilator failure.
however , our knowledge of p-mapt neuropathology in the fornix is limited.
our cross-sectional autopsy findings indicate that the fornix is involved by p-mapt neuropathology secondary to hippocampal involvement by ad neuropathology.
an association with the female partner's tendency to reappraise with fewer symptoms in the male partner at risk for adjustment disorder could also be observed.
hyperactive ras signaling has strong oncogenic effects causing several different forms of cancer.
hyperactivity is frequently induced by mutations within ras itself , which account for up to @percent@ of all human cancers.
the in vivo significance of this oncogenic switch is highlighted by demonstrating cpi-17's involvement in human melanoma pathogenesis.
long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with age-related diseases.
we explored the association between accelerated biological aging and air pollution , a potential mechanism linking air pollution and health.
we also investigated sex-specific associations between air pollution and biological aging , given the published association between sex and aging measures.
we replicated this inverse bc-teloaa association in the normative aging study , a male cohort based in the usa.
a multiple phenotype analysis in kora f4 combining all aging measures showed that bc and pm10 were broadly associated with biological aging in men.
thus , we conclude that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with biological aging measures , potentially in a sex-specific manner.
however , many of the associations were relatively weak and further replication of overall and sex-specific associations is warranted.
there are significant inter-individual differences in the levels of gene expression.
through modulation of gene expression , cis-acting variants represent an important source of phenotypic variation.
consequently , cis-regulatory snps associated with differential allelic expression are functional candidates for further investigation as disease-causing variants.
the associations were evaluated with overall breast cancer risk and with estrogen receptor negative and positive disease.
background : glutamate receptor @number@ metabotropic ( grm4 ) expression is increased in the brain of patients with depression.
the poorly conserved mir-1202 is downregulated in depression and is negatively correlated with grm4.
a variation located at the @number@ utr of the grm4 gene may influence the interaction between mir-1202 and grm4.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects comprising @number@ patients with mdd and @number@ healthy controls were included in our study.
the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2229901 was genotyped using pcr-rflp method.
allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the two groups using chi-square test and logistic regression models.
the impact of rs2229901 on grm4 / mir-1202 hybrid stability and local grm4-3 ' utr secondary structure were assessed using rnasnp program.
the g-allele was more prevalent among patients with mdd.
the rs2229901 variant was predicted to be structure-disruptive.
limitations : the relatively small sample size and lack of functional experiments are the major limitations of this study.
conclusion : our results suggest that rs2229901 is associated with mdd risk.
this variant probably impacts the interaction between grm4 and mir-1202.
functional studies are needed to clarify the possible mechanisms by which rs2229901 influences mdd risk.
it is now possible to estimate an \ "aggregate \ " g-ratio in vivo using mri.
thirty-eight healthy participants , aged between @number@ and @number@ were recruited.
whole-brain g-ratio maps were computed and analyzed voxel-wise.
median tract g-ratio values were also extracted.
no significant effect of gender was found , whereas age was found to be significantly associated with the g-ratio within the white matter.
testosterone ( t ) replacement is being increasingly offered to older men with age-related decline in testosterone levels.
what is known already : amh and afc have proved to be reliable predictors of ovarian ageing.
in women , amh declines with age and data suggest a relationship with remaining reproductive lifespan and age at menopause.
oc may alter parameters related to ovarian reserve assessment but the extent of the reduction is uncertain.
participants / materials , setting , methods : the fac clinic was initiated to provide individual fertility assessment and counselling.
all women were examined on a random cycle day by a fertility specialist.
consultation included ; transvaginal ultrasound ( afc , ovarian volume , pathology ) , a full reproductive history and amh measurement.
women were grouped into non-users and users of oc ( all combinations of estrogen-progestin products and the contraceptive vaginal ring ) .
non-users included women with an intrauterine device ( iud ) or no hormonal contraception.
main results and the role of chance : of the @number@ women , @number@ ( @percent@ ) used oc.
the two groups ( oc users versus non-users ) were comparable regarding age , bmi , smoking and maternal age at menopause.
limitations , reason for caution : the study population comprised women attending the fac clinic.
recruitment was based on self-referral , which could imply a potential selection bias.
ovarian reserve was examined at a random cycle day.
however , both amh and afc can be assessed independently of the menstrual cycle.
the accuracy in predicting residual reproductive lifespan is still needed in both users and non-users of oc.
the most evident reduction occurs in the antral follicles of 5-7 and 8-10 mm with the highest number of amh secreting granulosa cells.
study funding / competing interests : the fac clinic was established in @number@ as part of the reprohigh collaboration.
this study received funding through the capital region research fund and by eu-regional funding.
there are no competing interests.
trial registration number : the biobank connected to fac clinic is approved by the scientific ethical committee ( h-1-2011-081 ) .
design : longitudinal cohort study ( invecchiare in chianti study ) .
setting : community.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older at baseline followed for an average of @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : multimorbidity was measured as number of diagnosed diseases.
loss of weight was defined as decrease over time in bmi of at least @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) per year.
age , sex , and education were covariates.
in nonobese participants , changes in weight had no effect on changes in multimorbidity over time.
sensitivity analyses confirmed that one specific disease did not drive the association and that competing mortality did not bias the association.
conclusion : loss of weight in obese older persons is a strong biomarker of impending expansion of multimorbidity.
older obese individuals who lose weight should receive thoughtful medical attention.
background : the caliper program has previously reported a comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for @number@ biochemical and immunochemical markers.
here , covariate-stratified reference intervals were determined for a number of special assays not previously reported.
age and gender partitions were statistically determined , outliers removed and reference intervals calculated using csli c28-a3 guidelines.
results : many analytes showed dynamic changes in concentration requiring at least @number@ age partitions.
cholinesterase , cholinesterase-dibucaine number , and immunoglobulin e required only @number@ age partitions and α-1-antitrypsin required only one.
anti-ccp and anti-tpo levels were below the detection limit of the assay.
some analytes including insulin and dhea-s required additional gender partitions for specific age groups.
conclusions : complex profiles were observed for endocrine and special chemistry markers , requiring establishment of age- and gender-specific reference intervals.
participants in the control group were carried out daily walking for @number@ min.
pre- and post-intervention testing was carried out to assess sleep quality , fatigue , functional mobility and gait performance in these participants.
the bqg showing gait function increased in the gait speed ( m / s ; p = @number@ ) .
however , this was not the case for the control group , which remained at the same level as pretest performance.
conclusions : bqg improved the gait performance , functional mobility and sleep quality in older adults with pd at the 6-month follow up.
it is as an alternative home exercise program for older adults in rehabilitation for pd.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 16 : 911-919.
as pleiotropic hormones , vasoinhibins act in multiple target organs and tissues.
this axis is designated as the prolactin / vasoinhibin axis.
disturbances of the prolactin / vasoinhibin axis are associated with the pathogenesis of retinal and cardiac diseases and with diseases occurring during pregnancy.
new phylogenetical , physiological , and clinical implications are discussed.
muscle measures were standardized and analyzed in multivariate linear regression models , stratified by age.
adjustment models included age , body composition , c-reactive protein and lifestyle factors.
in old participants , serum albumin was not associated with any of the muscle measures.
methods : an exploratory qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was carried out and data were collected from @number@ young adults recruited through purposive sampling.
the participants had to have a close relative who was caring for an elderly family member with dementia.
a content analysis approach was used for the verbatim transcription.
results : the findings showed that caring for a relative with dementia was perceived as a time-consuming , exhausting and long-term task.
the participants experienced stress and strain , although they were not the primary caregivers.
despite their negative perceptions of the task , they were willing to take on the responsibility of becoming a primary caregiver in the future.
however , they intended to seek assistance in meeting their caregiving roles and responsibilities.
seeing how their close relative cared for a dependent older adult led them to reflect on what they would become in the future.
conclusion : young adults are the caregivers of tomorrow.
knowing their perspective on caregiving is important if health professionals are to help them evolve into a caregiving role.
it has implications for realizing the goal of aging in place.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 16 : 873-879.
in the unique microenvironment of the dental pulp , the triad of tissue engineering would require infection control , biomaterials , and stem cells.
although revascularization is successful in resolving apical periodontitis , multiple studies suggest that it alone does not support pulp-dentin regeneration.
allotransplantation of mscs may alleviate some of these obstacles , although the long-term stability of mscs and efficacy in pulp-dentin regeneration demand further investigation.
these cells may be useful for patients who lack tissue sources for endogenous mscs.
background : greater ambulatory blood pressure variability ( abpv ) is associated with end-organ damage and increased mortality.
age-related changes in the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems make age-associated increases in abpv likely.
cross-sectional studies support this hypothesis , showing greater abpv among older compared to younger adults.
the only longitudinal study to examine changes in abpv , however , found abpv decreased over @number@ years follow-up.
this unexpected observation probably reflected the highly selected nature of the study participants.
methods : in this longitudinal study , we assessed changes in abpv over @number@ years in a community-cohort of older people.
in addition , we examined the extent to which abpv was predicted by demographics , cardiovascular risk factors , and medication.
abpv was calculated using sd and coefficient of variation ( cv ) .
three time periods were examined : daytime , nighttime , and @number@ hours.
mean bp did not change.
abpv may therefore be an additional target for treatment in older people.
future studies should examine what degree of abpv is harmful and if control of abpv reduces adverse outcome.
background : the left atrial appendage ( laa ) is considered the most frequent site of intracardiac thrombus formation.
however , variations in normal in vivo anatomy and function according to age and gender remain largely unknown.
methods : three-dimensional ( 3d ) cardiac reconstructions of the laa were performed from ct scans of @number@ consecutive patients.
relationship with age was assessed for each parameter.
results : we found that men had longer and wider laas.
the ivolmin and ivolmax increased by @number@ and @number@ ml per decade , respectively , while laaef decreased by @percent@ per decade in both sexes.
conclusions : although laa volumes increase , laaef decreases with age in both sexes.
the study examines the effects of ethnic clusters and independent living arrangements on adaptation of elderly immigrants from the former soviet union.
the multigenerational living arrangements were compared with independent living in a dispersed ethnic community and in an ethnic cluster of public housing.
the residents of the ethnic clusters of public housing reported poorer health , were more reliant on government resources , and experienced greater acculturative hassles.
in contrast , the multigenerational living arrangements were related to greater social support from extended family and higher extended family satisfaction.
while , the independent living in the dispersed ethnic community was associated with smaller american social networks and higher levels of cultural alienation.
novel long-acting factor proteins are being licensed to extend fviii and fix half-life , thereby reducing infusion frequency and potentially bleed frequency and associated morbidity.
lipofuscin is highly fluorescent material , formed in several tissues but best studied in the eye.
the compound is known to accumulate in the rpe with age and was the first identified compound extracted from lipofuscin.
our studies have correlated the distribution of lipofuscin and a2e across the human and mouse rpe.
lipofuscin fluorescence was imaged in the rpe from human donors of various ages and from assorted mouse models.
the spatial distribution of a2e was determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization imaging mass spectrometry on both flat-mounted and transversally sectioned rpe tissue.
our data support the clinical observations in humans of strong rpe fluorescence , increasing with age , in the central area of the rpe.
interestingly , in all the mouse models , a2e distribution and lipofuscin fluorescence correlate well.
lens opacities or cataract ( s ) represent a universally important cause of visual impairment and blindness.
typically , cataract is acquired with aging as a complex disorder involving environmental and genetic risk factors.
these distinct adaptations have provided a rich source of scientific discovery ranging from biochemistry and genetics to optics and physics.
dermal filler injection is a cornerstone of facial rejuvenation procedures.
background : the classification of rhinitis in adults is missing in epidemiological studies.
objective : to identify phenotypes of adult rhinitis using an unsupervised approach ( data-driven ) compared with a classical hypothesis-driven approach.
methods : @number@ adults of the french epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma ( egea ) were studied.
allergic sensitization was defined by at least one positive skin prick test to @number@ aeroallergens.
the highest rate of polysensitization ( @percent@ ) was found in participants with comorbid asthma and allergic rhinitis.
these clusters could be easily rebuilt using a small number of variables.
the basis for pathogenesis is unknown.
following an overnight fast , patients swallowed the sb-vce with a glass of water.
sitt were calculated from the first duodenal image to the first cecal image.
this study showed that the sb-vce provides accurate and reliable measurements of sitt under real-life conditions.
a large inter-individual variability in sitt was observed , with times ranging from @number@ to @number@ min.
this variability can have implications on drug absorption and bioavailability.
the median sitt were @number@ min for females and @number@ min for males.
no correlation was found between age and sitt ( pearson correlation coefficient @number@ ) .
results : the application of an age-dependent d-dimer cut-off showed a now negative test-result in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
the proportion was @percent@ ( @number@ of @number@ ) in patients aged over @number@
of these @number@ cases was diagnosed with pe in ctpa , the false-negative rate was @percent@.
in this study , we manipulated stress levels in 7-8- and 12-14-year-olds and then exposed them to negative , neutral , and positive word lists.
shortly afterward , we tested their recognition memory for the words and false memory for non-presented but related words.
adolescents in the high-stress condition were more accurate than those in the low-stress condition , while children's accuracy did not differ across stress conditions.
context : an impaired muscle protein synthetic response to feeding likely contributes to muscle loss with aging.
there are few data available on the effect of the macronutrient composition of clinical supplements on the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response in older subjects.
stable isotope tracer methodology was applied to assess the basal as well as the postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in the three groups.
postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates were higher in the pro-en vs en group ( p = @number@ ) .
bacteria encoding the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene ( blandm-1 ) are regarded as superbugs for their resistance to multiple antibiotics.
plasmids encoding blandm-1 have been observed to be spreading among gram-negative bacteria around the world.
previous studies have demonstrated that multiple modifications of blandm-1-harboring plasmids might contribute to the spread of the gene.
although strains du1301 , du7433 , and previously published strain du43320 carried unrelated plasmids , their transconjugants exhibited similar antimicrobial resistance profiles.
transconjugants lacked the resistance to aztreonam , ciprofloxacin , gentamicin , tetracycline , and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole when compared with the corresponding clinical isolates.
control measures should be strictly enforced whenever increasing incidences of epidemiological unrelated strains were identified.
background : dementia is one of the most common diseases of aging and leads to an increased need for care.
caregivers ' attitudes about aggression can influence their interaction with people with dementia.
in switzerland , the mapdaq has been translated into a german version ( mapdaq-g ) , but not yet tested for its validity and reliability.
aim : therefore the present study examined the content and face validity , comprehensibility and interpretability of mapdaq-g in a swiss context.
methods : the review was based on expert surveys and interviews with caregivers in nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals.
@number@ items have been adapted and further validated by @number@ nurses.
finally , apart from two items , the mapdaq-g is understood by nurses and can be interpreted consistently.
the mapdaq-g should be statistically tested for validity and reliability using a larger sample.
the chronological age of an individual animal predicts many of its biological characteristics , and these in turn influence population-level ecological processes.
animal age information can therefore be valuable in ecological research , but many species have no external features that allow age to be reliably determined.
molecular age biomarkers provide a potential solution to this problem.
research in this area of molecular ecology has so far focused on a limited range of age biomarkers.
there is clear potential to apply these marker types more widely in ecological studies.
for many species , these new approaches will produce age estimates where this was previously impractical.
we also examined the current trends in surgical treatment for these disorders and discuss future care needs.
recent findings : approximately , one quarter of all women suffer from at least one or more pfds.
urinary incontinence represents the most common pfd with an estimated prevalence of 15-17% , whereas fecal incontinence affects , approximately , @percent@ of adult women.
pop is more difficult to assess with prevalence estimates ranging from @number@ to @percent@.
surgery for pfds is common as @percent@ of women undergo stress urinary incontinence or pop surgery over their lifetime.
summary : pfds are a significant public health issue and they negatively impact the lives of millions of adult women.
bone quality is a multifactorial entity including bone structural and material compositional properties.
background : chronic inflammation and oxidative stress might be considered the key mechanisms of aging.
insulin resistance ( ir ) is a phenomenon related to inflammatory and oxidative stress.
methods : the study group included @number@ subjects , mean age @number@ ±13.3 years , free of known cardiovascular diseases and regular drug consumption.
c-f pwv was measured with the help of sphygmocor.
sas @number@ was used for statistical analysis.
homa-ir seems to have a stronger influence than sbp on arterial stiffness.
in all subjects , age , homa-ir , ltl , and sbp predicted @percent@ of the variance in c-f pwv.
ltl was inversely associated with homa-ir ( p = @number@ ) and age ( p = @number@ ) .
in all subjects , homa-ir , age , sex , and sbp predicted @percent@ of the variance in ltl.
research in telomere biology may reveal new ways of estimating cardiovascular aging and risk.
objective : effective strategies are needed to encourage smoking cessation for smokers without an intention to quit.
we systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether smoking reduction therapy can increase the long-term cessation rates of smokers without an intention to quit.
the primary outcome was the cessation rate at the longest follow-up period.
a random effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risks ( rrs ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
results : fourteen trials with a total of @number@ smokers were included.
in a subgroup of smokers who received varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy ( nrt ) , the differences were also statistically significant.
this suggests the safety of using nrt.
insufficient evidence is available to test the efficacy of reduction behavioural support in promoting long-term cessation among this population.
conclusions : the present meta-analysis indicated the efficacy of nrt- and varenicline-assisted reduction to achieve complete cessation among smokers without an intention to quit.
further evidence is needed to assess the efficacy and safety of reduction behavioural support and bupropion.
on the other hand , the benefits on health of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables are well described.
in addition , using western blot , we investigated whether the inhibition was due to the interference on activation of nf-κb.
the current results suggest that tomatoes and ferulic acid may contribute to prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.
background : unnecessary intervention and overtreatment of indolent disease are common challenges in clinical management of prostate cancer.
improved tools to distinguish lethal from indolent disease are critical.
top findings were assessed for replication in a norwegian cohort ( conor ) .
results : we observed no significant association between genetic variants and prostate cancer survival.
conclusions : common genetic variants with large impact on prostate cancer survival were not observed in this study.
impact : future studies should be designed for identification of rare variants with large effect sizes or common variants with small effect sizes.
klotho counteracts vascular calcification and diverse age-related disorders.
klotho-hypomorphic mice ( kl / kl ) suffer from severe vascular calcification and rapid aging.
as precipitation of calcium and phosphate is fostered by alkaline ph , extracellular acidosis could counteract tissue calcification.
in order to induce acidosis , acetazolamide was added to drinking water ( @number@ g / l ) of kl / kl and wild-type mice.
in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells , acidotic environment prevented phosphate-induced alkaline phosphatase mrna expression.
the present study reveals a completely novel effect of acetazolamide , i.e. , interference with osteoinductive signaling and tissue calcification in kl / kl mice.
key messages : klotho deficient ( kl / kl ) mice suffer from hyperphosphatemia with dramatic tissue calcification.
acetazolamide ( acm ) treatment partially reversed the growth deficit of kl / kl mice.
in kl / kl mice , acm reversed tissue calcification despite continued hyperphosphatemia.
acm tripled the life span of kl / kl mice.
in human aortic smooth muscle cells , low extracellular ph prevented osteogenic signaling.
maximal strength and endurance were assessed and correlated with intramuscular variables.
the older cohort consumed significantly less ( p < @number@ ) dietary protein when compared to the young cohort.
conclusion : these results expand upon previous observations indicative of age-related reductions in intramuscular [ atp ] and dietary protein intake.
the present study examined whether this age-related pattern differs between educational groups.
method : longitudinal data of adults aged @number@ years and older of the german ageing survey was used ( n = @number@ ) .
results : physical conditions were a stronger predictor in lower than in higher educated individuals while the association did not change with age.
in contrast , positive affect and life satisfaction only gained in importance with advancing age for higher educated individuals.
objectives : older inmates are the fastest growing segment of the prison population ; however , the reasons for this are not well understood.
one explanation is that the general population is aging , driving prison age distributions to change.
method : we identify the impact of population aging using simulation methods that explain prison growth as the combination of criminal justice processes.
we argue that prediction-based modeling of prison growth should more seriously consider the impacts and consequences of demographic shifts among older prisoner populations.
we also examine the role of living arrangements in well-being differentials across regions.
results : intergenerational coresidence significantly increases the psychological well-being of the older adults in vietnam.
the findings point to the need for attention to the mental health of elderly parents left behind in less economically developed regions.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) disproportionally affects women and men.
the female susceptibility for ad has been largely associated with the loss of ovarian sex hormones during menopause.
erβ genetic polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive impairment and increased risk for ad predominantly in women.
introduction : this study aims to evaluate the impact of iron deposition during aging on the measurement of water diffusion in the brain.
the phase changes in these regions were used to estimate local iron concentration.
pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the age dependence of dti metrics and iron concentration.
multiple linear regression models were then built to examine the independent effect of age and iron deposition on dti metrics.
in the frontal white matter , increase in iron level was also associated with a decrease in md and an increase in fa.
moreover , radial diffusivity was more reduced than axial diffusivity as local iron concentration increased.
conclusion : iron deposition in the brain during aging decreases water diffusion and increases the degree of anisotropy.
caution is needed when using dti metrics for diagnosis of various neurological diseases involving abnormal iron deposition.
more than @number@ million americans provide care to a family member ; roughly two thirds are women providing care to aging mothers.
a systematic appraisal of peer-reviewed , english language research was conducted.
nineteen articles met criteria.
when relationship quality is positive , mother-daughter dyads enjoy rewards and mutuality , even when conflict occurs.
daughters grow more emotionally committed to mothers ' over the care trajectory , despite increasing demands.
daughters ' commitment deepens as mothers physically decline , and mothers remain engaged , emotional partners.
when relationship quality is ambivalent or negative , burden , conflict , and blame conspire , creating a destructive cycle.
the three sm pillars are highly interconnected , and their balancing is crucial.
a paradigmatic example of unifying bio-medical theory is the concept of inflammaging.
also , a unified model of structural changes in a normally aging brain is still lacking.
the present study investigated age-related structural brain changes in gray matter from young to early middle-age adulthood for males and females.
magnetic resonance images of @number@ normal and healthy participants between the ages of 21-45 years were acquired.
changes in gray matter were assessed using voxel-based morphometry and gray matter volumetric analysis.
however , its imperfect sensitivity and specificity have highlighted the need to improve the analysis of mri data.
overall , hippocampal subfield analysis has proven to be a promising technique in the study of ad.
however , it is not clear if long-term tactile training might prevent this age-dependent decline.
we evaluated sensibility of the hand in @number@ surgeons aged between @number@ and @number@ years who perform microsurgical operations , thereby undergoing regular tactile training.
this study demonstrates that long-term tactile training might prevent the known age-dependent decline of the sensibility of the hand.
many agonists showed only ( weak ) partial agonism regarding βarr recruitment.
the analysis of antagonists revealed no significant effects on βarr recruitment.
several agonists showed preference for activation of gαs gtpase relative to βarr recruitment , and no βarr-biased ligand was identified.
traditional assays for the measurement of elastin and fibrillin-1 , such as western blotting , luna staining and immunostaining , are relatively complex and time-consuming.
thus , a relatively simple assay system that also provides rational results is urgently needed.
we used this system to assess anti-aging compounds.
complex diseases are major contributors to human mortality in old age.
here we argue that trade-off-like and conditional effects of genes can play central role in this phenomenon and in determining longevity.
factors that may increase risk of a major disease but attenuate manifestation of physical senescence are also discussed.
this balance may change with age , internal and external environments , and depend on genetic surrounding.
we emphasize importance of considering such effects in both aging research and disease prevention.
subjects / methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling men and women aged 65-87 years were randomly assigned to two groups.
repeated-measures analysis of variance verified a significant time by group interaction ( p = 0.038 ) .
conclusions : these results suggest that dietary supplementation of hmb , glutamine and arginine may favorably affect vascular endothelial function in older adults.
additional studies are needed to elucidate whether reduced inflammation or other mechanisms may underlie the benefits of supplementation.
both cec and epc are thought to represent potential biomarkers in several clinical conditions involving endothelial turnover / remodeling.
healthy walking is characterized by pronounced arm swing and axial rotation.
sixty healthy adults between the ages of 30-77 were included in this study designed to address this gap.
lightweight body fixed sensors were placed on each wrist and lower back.
as expected , older adults walked slower ( p = @number@ ) and with increased stride variability ( p = @number@ ) .
arm swing amplitude decreased with age under all conditions ( p = @number@ ) .
in the oldest group , arm swing decreased during dual task and increased during the fast walking condition ( p < 0.0001 ) .
follow-up work is needed to examine if these effects contribute to reduced stability in aging.
chronic exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids has been linked to age-related cognitive decline and may play a role in alzheimer's disease.
in the brain , 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type @number@ ( 11β-hsd1 ) amplifies intracellular glucocorticoid levels.
chronic treatment of young tg2576 mice with ue2316 for up to @number@ months prevented cognitive decline but did not prevent aβ plaque formation.
background : placebo responses raise significant challenges for the design of clinical trials.
we report changes in agitation outcomes in the placebo arm of a recent trial of citalopram for agitation in alzheimer's disease ( citad ) .
methods : in the citad study , all participants and caregivers received a psychosocial intervention and @number@ were assigned to placebo for nine weeks.
continuous outcomes were analyzed with mixed-effects modeling and dichotomous outcomes with logistic regression.
the proportion of cgi-c agitation responders ranged from @number@ to @percent@ and was significantly different from zero.
mmse improved from @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) and adls similarly improved.
most of the improvement was observed by three weeks and was sustained through nine weeks.
the major predictor of improvement in each agitation measure was a higher baseline score in that measure.
this paper examines late life suicidal behavior within the context of lifespan developmental theory.
methods : this paper presents a conceptual framework for using lifespan developmental theory to better understand late life suicidal behavior.
results : we argue that the motivational theory of lifespan development , which focuses on control , is particularly relevant to late life suicide.
objective : to test the effects of oral supplementation with nutrients on cognitive function.
all participants were also given varying combinations of vitamins c , e , beta carotene , and zinc.
main outcomes and measures : the main outcome was the yearly change in composite scores determined from a battery of cognitive function tests from baseline.
the composite score provided an overall score for the battery , ranging from @number@ to @number@ with higher scores representing better function.
the mean ( sd ) age of the participants was @number@ ( @number@ ) years and @percent@ were women.
there were no statistically significant differences in change of scores for participants randomized to receive supplements vs those who were not.
analyses were also conducted to assess for potential interactions between lcpufas and lutein / zeaxanthin and none were found to be significant.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00345176.
importance : epidemiological evidence suggests that physical activity benefits cognition , but results from randomized trials are limited and mixed.
participants were sedentary adults aged @number@ to @number@ years who were at risk for mobility disability but able to walk @number@ m.
tertiary outcomes included global and executive cognitive function and incident mci or dementia at @number@ months.
no differences for any other cognitive or composite measures were observed.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01072500.
we performed a proteomics study to identify novel signaling molecules organizing the vsmc hyperplasia.
importantly , olr1 and pdgfrβ were associated in close proximity in the plasma membrane.
stress-related exhaustion has been linked to a pattern of selective cognitive impairments , mainly affecting executive functioning , attention and episodic memory.
little is known about potential treatments of these cognitive deficits.
results showed pronounced training-related improvements on the criterion updating task ( p < @number@ ) .
these findings suggest that process-based cognitive training may be a viable method to address the cognitive impairments associated with ed.
the initiation and progression of many human diseases are mediated by a complex interplay of genetic , epigenetic , and environmental factors.
in recent years , peroxisomes have emerged as important intracellular hubs for redox- , lipid- , inflammatory- , and nucleic acid-mediated signaling pathways.
in this review , we focus on how nature and nurture modulate peroxisome biogenesis and function in mammalian cells.
first , we review emerging evidence that changes in peroxisome activity can be linked to the epigenetic regulation of cell function.
next , we outline how defects in peroxisome biogenesis may directly impact cellular pathways involved in the development of disease.
in addition , we discuss how changes in the cellular microenvironment can modulate peroxisome biogenesis and function.
cognitive accuracy rate for children and adults was similar for both postures ; however , response latency was greater for children than adults.
adults and children showed evidence of articulated segmental control during gait.
absolute gait velocity ( m / s ) was significantly slower for children ; however , there was no effect of age on step length.
children @number@ years old can perform a simultaneous motor and cognitive task but their performance strategies do not yet match young adults.
we tested a model in which rfl and mil protect against suicide ideation , controlling for demographic and clinical factors.
results : rfl-oa scores explained significant variance in suicide ideation , controlling for age , sex , depressive symptom severity , and loneliness.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with essential hypertension were enrolled to receive a daily dose of @number@ mg irbesartan for @number@ days.
pretreatment baseline blood pressure ( bp ) and posttreatment bp on the 28th day were measured.
plasma irbesartan concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid
the kcnj11 i337v gene polymorphism was determined using high-throughput taqman technology.
results : the hapmap data in the han chinese population showed that the i337v was used as a representative for @number@ common functional polymorphisms.
our results showed that the association of antihypertensive response to irbesartan and the kcnj11 genetic variant in the total sample was not significant.
background and purpose : iron chelation therapy is emerging as a novel neuroprotective strategy.
the mechanisms of neuroprotection are diverse and include both neuronal and vascular pathways.
cerebrovascular function was assessed using the transcranial doppler ultrasound.
vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin serum protein assays were conducted using the meso scale discovery platform.
conclusions : deferoxamine infusion improved cerebrovascular function , particularly in older individuals.
the temporal association between improved cerebrovascular function and increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin concentrations is supportive of shared hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1-regulated pathways.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct013655104.
multiple studies have demonstrated that telomere length predicts mortality and that telomeres shorten with age.
although rarely acknowledged these associations do not dictate causality.
i review telomerase knockout and overexpression studies and find little support that telomeres cause aging.
in addition , the causality hypothesis assumes that there is a critical telomere length at which senescence is induced.
this generates the prediction that variance in telomere length decreases with age.
in contrast , using meta-analysis of human data , i find no such decline.
inferring the causal involvement of telomeres in aging from current knowledge is therefore speculative and could hinder scientific progress.
china is encountering formidable healthcare challenges brought about by the problem of aging.
by @number@ there will be @number@ million chinese citizens aged 65 + , @number@ million of whom will be 80 + .
the challenges of geriatric care demand prompt attention by proposing strategies for improvement in several key areas.
major diseases of the elderly that need more attention include chronic non-communicable diseases and mental health disorders.
we propose ideas for preparation of the impending aging burden and the creation of a nurturing environment conducive to healthy aging in china.
cockayne syndrome ( cs ) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by small stature , intellectual disability , and accelerated pathologic aging.
the interval between initial administration and death was @number@ to @number@ days.
two of these patients also experienced acute neurologic deficit.
both hepatotoxicity and acute neurologic deficit have been reported previously as extremely rare adverse events after metronidazole administration.
however , we have not identified any patients with cs who have received metronidazole without serious adverse effects.
we recommend that a diagnosis of cs be considered an absolute contraindication to the use of metronidazole.
facial aging is a major indication for minimal invasive esthetic procedures.
dermal fillers are a cornerstone in the approach for facial sculpturing.
but where to start ?
our concept is midfacial volume restoration in first place.
this will result in a healthy and youthful appearance creating a facial v-shape.
but midfacial filler injection does not only improve the malar area.
it has also beneficial effects on neighboring esthetic units.
we report on such improvements in periocular and nasolabial region , upper lips and perioral tissue , and the jaw line and discuss anatomical background.
we hypothesize that midfacial deep filler injections also may activate subdermal white adipose tissue stem cells contributing to longer lasting rejuvenation.
we report a diagnostically challenging case of a 64-year-old man with a history of remote head trauma who developed mild behavioral changes and dyscalculia.
he was diagnosed with clinical alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , with additional features consistent with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.
consistent with the diagnosis of alzheimer's pathology , positron emission tomography ( pet ) with pittsburgh compound b suggested the presence of beta-amyloid.
fluorodeoxyglucose pet demonstrated hypometabolism in bilateral frontal and temporoparietal cortices.
bilateral caudate , thalamus , hippocampi , and cerebellum were prominently atrophied.
unexpectedly , a pathologic hexanucleotide repeat expansion in c9orf72 was identified in this patient.
these @number@ variants are identified to be associated with increased risk of als in european-descended populations by genome-wide association studies.
both rs34517613 and rs3849942 showed no evidence of association in chinese.
these loci are not risk factors for sporadic als and parkinson's disease in the western han chinese population.
background : technology plays a major role in enhancing quality of life and everyday competence in old age.
mechanic and pragmatic cognitive functions are known to serve as resources when using technology in everyday life.
not much is known about the differential role of mechanic and pragmatic cognitive functions when moderating reduced technology ownership in old age.
objective : in this research , we explored whether perceptual speed or verbal fluency is more important for buffering age differences in technology ownership.
we investigate possible moderation effects of cognitive functions relative to demographic characteristics , socioeconomic status , and household composition variables.
conclusions : mechanic and pragmatic cognitive functions may serve differently as moderators of the relation between age and technology ownership.
our findings suggest that perceptual speed was more important for buffering age differences in technology ownership than verbal fluency.
such findings underscore the relevance of information processing for the ownership of technological devices in late life.
so the aim of the study was to evaluate biventricular myocardial function in cirrhotic patients and its alteration with or without liver transplantation.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with cirrhosis ( age 55±7 years , male @percent@ ) were recruited.
conventional and 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was performed to determine the presence of lv and rv ( biventricular ) dysfunction.
for comparison , @number@ matched control subjects were included.
follow-up echocardiography was performed in @number@ patients following ltx and in @number@ patients who did not undergo ltx.
results : patients with cirrhosis had biventricular dilatation , increased lv mass , impaired lv diastolic function , and biventricular systolic strain compared with controls.
conclusions : the present study demonstrates that patients with cirrhosis had biventricular dilatation and impaired biventricular systolic strain compared with controls.
following ltx , biventricular dilatation reduced and biventricular systolic strain improved.
in contrast , patients who did not undergo ltx experienced a further increase in lv mass.
lead malfunction is a common problem in implantable cardiac device patients and is expected to increase with the aging of leads.
shear wave velocity and elastic modulus were measured at the proximal , middle and distal areas of the patellar tendon.
reliability was excellent at the middle area and fair to good at both ends.
swe may be valuable in detecting aging tendons before visible abnormalities are observed on b-mode ultrasonography.
the bioavailability of free lutein and plga-np lutein in rats was assessed by determining plasma pharmacokinetics and deposition in selected tissues.
lutein uptake and secretion was also assessed in caco-2 cells.
in comparison with micellized lutein , plga-np lutein improved the cmax in rat plasma by @number@.6-fold and in selected tissues by ⩾ @number@.8-fold.
in conclusion , delivery of lutein with polymeric np may be an approach to improve the bioavailability of lutein in vivo.
objectives : mental health care for older people is primarily delivered in the community and is largely dependent on informal carers.
mental health policy encourages partnerships between carers and service providers to facilitate service access , coordination and positive experience of care.
this paper explores rural carers ' experiences of accessing care from a range of services for older people with mental health problems.
interviews explored their journeys to and through mental health , aged care , primary care and social care services.
framework analysis was used to explore carers ' experiences and perceptions of care with a focus on access enablers and barriers.
results : carers had a significant role in navigating services and operationalising care for their relative.
enablers to accessing care included carer knowledge and workers actively involving carers in planning.
barriers included carer mental health literacy , consumer and carer readiness for services , and worker misinterpretation of confidentiality and privacy laws.
conclusion : carers should be considered key partners in mental health care planning that crosses service sectors.
background and objective : laser non-ablative fractional treatment ( naft ) is an important part of armamentarium of modern dermatology.
recently , such treatments have become available in at-home setting due to advent of self-application naft devices.
safety and clinical efficacy of naft are well established in multiple studies.
less information is available on morphological and functional changes in tissue occurring as a result of naft.
polarization-enhanced multispectral wide-field imaging device allows for in vivo real time visualization of dermal structures.
the objective of this study is to use this imaging modality to monitor early effects of the home-use naft on collagen networks.
subjects were asked to use the highest device setting.
cross-polarized @number@ nm wide-field images were acquired from peri-orbital areas before and two weeks after the onset of the treatment regimen.
wide-field images were normalized and thresholded to a level of @percent@ brightness to emphasize collagen structure.
collagen content was quantitatively determined from thresholded collagen images.
improvement in collagen content at two weeks of daily treatments was assessed.
results : eight subjects ( age 24-53 years ) completed the study.
cross-polarized @number@ nm wide-field images clearly delineated collagen networks.
quantitative assessment of collagen images revealed statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) improvement of collagen content at a time point of two weeks.
seven out of eight subjects showed varying degree of improvement.
the increase of collagen content in responders ranged from 1-26% , with the mean improvement of @percent@.
subjects in their early 40s showed the best improvement in comparison to younger and older age groups.
conclusions : polarization-enhanced multispectral wide-field reflectance imaging method is a suitable technique for noninvasive in vivo assessment of dermal structures.
age estimation based on racemization of aspartic acid residues ( aar ) in permanent proteins has been established in forensic medicine for years.
we examined the suitability of total tissue samples of human sclera for the estimation of age at death.
sixty-five samples of scleral tissue were analyzed.
the samples were hydrolyzed and after derivatization , the extent of aspartic acid racemization was determined by gas chromatography.
the degree of aar increased with age.
in samples from younger individuals , the correlation of age and d-aspartic acid content was closer than in samples from older individuals.
the age-dependent racemization in total tissue samples proves that permanent or at least long-living proteins are present in scleral tissue.
the correlation of aar in human sclera and age at death is close enough to serve as basis for age estimation.
nevertheless , the approach may serve as a valuable alternative or addition in exceptional cases.
introduction : in the past , elderly patients with upper gi cancers were excluded from surgery or multimodal treatment only due to their advanced age.
in an aging society this way of patient selection seems to be questionable.
patients and methods : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ patients underwent resection of esophageal or gastric cancer at the university of heidelberg.
statistical analyses were made retrospectively on a prospective database.
female patients had a longer survival than men over the age of @number@ ( @number@ vs. @number@ months , p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : an exclusion from surgical therapy due to advanced age in general seems not to be justified.
no survival benefit for neoadjuvant treatment in patients over @number@ years was found , while women survived longer than men.
however , the decision concerning a ( radio ) chemotherapy should be made individually in each patient.
background : many patients with dementia live in the community and depend on a family member for assistance.
taking care of non-self-sufficient people such as those with dementia causes distress.
finally , caregivers needing higher levels of familial and / or social support had also higher levels of distress.
ophthalmic physiol opt @number@ 8 : 153-164 ) .
only limited progress has been made in understanding the role of mfs in accommodation control.
widowhood is included as a stressful life experience that may introduce an additional nonshared source of variability in ces-d scores.
genetic effects and nonshared environmental effects are primary sources of stability of late life depressive symptoms without evidence of underlying rge processes.
additionally , widowhood explained stable differences in ces-d scores between twins within a family up to @number@ years after spousal loss.
testosterone deficiency can occur in males of all ages.
in adult males , it is induced by endogenous testosterone decline through aging and other modifiable factors.
recent publications suggested the importance of the magnitude of longitudinal decline of testosterone from baseline.
recent reports suggested the importance of modifiable factors in the testosterone decline in addition to aging.
therefore , it might be responsible for the prevention of testosterone deficiency symptoms to maintain testosterone secretion taking account of the modifiable factors.
the present article reviews the literature , and introduces contemporary perspectives and management of testosterone deficiency.
ipf is a fibrotic disease and , most frequently found in an aged population.
finally , the possibility of targeting mirnas as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of ipf is discussed.
the star protein predominantly regulates steroid biosynthesis in steroidogenic tissues.
an oligonucleotide probe encompassing an lxr-rxr / rar motif bound to adrenocortical and epidermal keratinocyte nuclear proteins in emsas.
chip studies revealed association of rarα and rxrα with the star proximal promoter.
decline in executive functioning ( ef ) is a hallmark of cognitive aging.
we have previously reported that faster vagal recovery from cognitive challenge is associated with better ef.
cardiac vagal control was measured as high-frequency heart rate variability.
vagal recovery moderated the association between age and ef ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
in contrast , among younger ( aged 35-54 ) and middle-aged ( aged 55-64 ) participants , vagal recovery was not associated with ef.
we conclude that faster vagal recovery from cognitive challenge is associated with reduced deficits in ef among older , but not younger individuals.
background : infarcts in the brain can be divided into larger cortical and smaller deep lacunar infarcts.
the pathogenesis differs between these two types of infarctions.
results : lacunar infarcts were found in @percent@ and cortical infarcts in 5·9% of the subjects.
edv and fmd were both significantly related to the occurrence of cortical , but not lacunar infarcts.
auditory deprivation and the restoration of hearing via a cochlear implant ( ci ) can induce functional plasticity in auditory cortical areas.
how these plastic changes affect the ability to integrate combined auditory ( a ) and visual ( v ) information is not yet well understood.
young and elderly ci users and age-matched nh listeners performed a speeded response task on basic auditory , visual and audio-visual stimuli.
moreover , in all four groups , we found evidence for audio-visual integration.
these results indicate that the combination of aging , sensory deprivation and ci facilitates the coupling between the auditory and the visual modality.
background : serum levels of zinc and copper have been proposed to associate with sleep duration.
mechanisms , such as inflammatory processes , have been suggested to relate this association.
however , earlier studies have been conducted in small sample sizes.
human studies investigating the suggested associations while controlling for potential confounding factors are lacking.
methods : population-based data consisted of @number@ men ( aged 42-60 years ) from eastern finland.
the participants reported an estimate of their sleep duration.
the serum levels of zinc ( s-zn ) , copper ( s-cu ) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hs-crp ) were measured.
analysis of covariance was used for multivariate analyses.
results : s-zn levels and zn / cu ratio were lowest in ≤6h sleep.
s-cu levels were highest in ≥10h sleep.
elevated levels ( > 3.0mmol / l ) of hs-crp were observed in ≤6h and ≥10h sleep.
the association with s-cu remained statistically significant following further adjustment for hs-crp in the same model.
conclusions : our data suggests an association between s-cu and sleep duration in ageing men.
elevated inflammation ( measured as serum hs-crp ) does not explain this relationship.
mechanisms underlying the relationship require further investigation , as s-cu may contribute to sleep regulation through pro-oxidative processes and copper-dependent n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity.
background : current swiss politics concerning age and ageing are orientated towards the principle \ "out-patient before in-patient \ ".
as part of new regulations , in @number@ all communities were required to set up information offices to answer questions about out-patient and in-patient care.
objectives : the aim of this qualitative study was to analyse in which form and under which conditions such information offices are run.
methods : a qualitative study was conducted which consisted of semistructured interviews with managers of information offices.
they were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
on the other hand the results illustrate that in organisational respects the situation is highly heterogeneous and unregulated.
design and methods : a descriptive pilot study from a convenience sample of @number@ psychiatric patients aged 18-59.
subject's level of comfort was measured with kolcaba's verbal rating scale ( vrs ) .
warmed blankets are not routinely offered to patients in the psychiatric setting.
the use of warmed blankets may increase patient comfort.
background : population aging is a global phenomenon whose main consequence is the increase of chronic degenerative diseases , including dementia.
participants were interviewed , went through examination , and had blood samples taken.
results : age and apoe showed significant differences among the groups , while sex and lipid profile did not.
with an aging population it is expected that the prevalence of ak will further increase.
ak can progress to nonmelanoma skin cancer ( nmsc ) and is a public health concern.
while cosmetic sunscreen products form an essential element of sun protection strategies , they are not adequate when damage has already been inflicted.
newly developed products of the medical device category offer dna repair function paired with high sun protection factor ( spf ) uv protection.
an adjuvant treatment algorithm for various risk levels of ak was developed.
for patients with low and moderate risk , sunscreen only is recommended.
the notion of the heterogeneity of aging goes along with the awareness that every person experiences aging differently.
one construct frequently used in this context is subjective age , that is , how old or young a person feels.
however , less is known about the antecedents of subjective age and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between feeling younger and positive developmental outcomes.
objective : this study assessed whether physical function can indicate a risk of decline in higher-level functional capacity.
methods : data were derived from the national institute for longevity sciences-longitudinal study of aging.
baseline physical function examination included grip strength , comfortable gait speed , and sway area with eyes open.
a decline in higher-level functional capacity was defined as a ≥2-point decrease in the tmig-ic score after @number@ years.
results : subjects with decreased tmig-ic scores included @number@ ( @percent@ ) men and @number@ ( @percent@ ) women.
grip strength was not associated with tmig-ic score decline.
of the physical performance measures affected tmig-ic score declines in men.
traditional linear regression models assume a constant relationship between brain structure and cognition over time.
contrastingly , gmv values of the left putamen and middle occipital gyrus were more strongly correlated with ps after 70years.
skeletal muscle atrophy is a consequence of several physiological and pathophysiological conditions including muscle disuse , aging and diseases such as cancer and heart failure.
in each of these conditions , the predominant mechanism contributing to the loss of skeletal muscle mass is increased protein turnover.
two important mechanisms which regulate protein stability and degradation are lysine acetylation and ubiquitination , respectively.
however our understanding of the skeletal muscle proteins regulated through acetylation and ubiquitination during muscle atrophy is limited.
to induce progressive , physiologically relevant , muscle atrophy , rats were cast immobilized for @number@ @number@ @number@ or @number@ days and muscles harvested.
the education in palliative and end-of-life care ( epec ) program has been one model of training clinicians in primary palliative care skills.
in our second @number@ years of development and dissemination , we have focused on adapting epec to different specialties.
objective : our aim was to describe the development of epec adaptations and document the dissemination of our curriculum.
methods : the study design was a survey of epec trainers and documentation of other dissemination efforts via literature and internet searches.
our subjects were all epec trainers and end-learners of our curriculum.
we measured dissemination and teaching efforts by our trainers and evidence of epec use via literature and epec's searches.
through the efforts of these trainers and our online dissemination , more than @number@ reported end-learners have been taught parts of the epec curriculum.
the tm acts as a molecular sieve , providing resistance to aqueous outflow , which is responsible for regulating intraocular pressure ( iop ) .
if the tm is damaged , aqueous outflow is impaired , iop increases and glaucoma can manifest.
myocilin accumulation is observed in approximately 70-80% of all glaucoma cases suggesting that environmental or other genetic factors may also promote myocilin toxicity.
for example , simply preventing myocilin glycosylation is sufficient to promote its abnormal accretion.
these myocilin amyloids are unique as there are no other known pathogenic proteins that accumulate within the er of tm cells and cause toxicity.
neuropathology data are available for the subset of participants who died.
the study was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ ; analysis was performed from @date@ , to @date@ .
the distributions of scores for these measures were the primary outcomes.
additional studies are needed to better understand and provide treatment for patients with this unexpectedly common cliniconeuropathologic condition.
data synthesis : multimethod consensus-building approach by content leaders and content experts of the ons research agenda project team .
in addition , four cross-cutting themes were identified : biomarkers , bioinformatics , comparative effectiveness research , and dissemination and implementation science.
methods : the german chronic kidney disease ( gckd ) study is an ongoing prospective cohort study including patients with ckd of moderate severity.
rtl was measured by qpcr in @number@ out of @number@ gckd patients at baseline.
results : rtl was distributed in the cohort with a mean ± sd of @number@ ± @number@
cvd was present in @number@ patients.
conclusions : in the presence of ckd there is a significant association between shorter rtl and cvd manifestations.
rtl appears to be a marker reflecting changes in homeostasis associated with ckd that may contribute to the excess cvd risk.
our study provides additional evidence for the idea that views on aging shape development , identifying age-related provision making as an important mediating process.
in contrast , rawson and touron ( @number@ ) demonstrated a relatively rapid shift to memory-based processing in the context of a reading task.
the current research extended beyond this initial study to provide more definitive evidence for relative preservation of memory-based automaticity in reading tasks for older adults.
stories were repeated across practice blocks , and then the noun phrases were presented in novel sentence frames in a transfer task.
most important , both age groups showed strong evidence for memory-based processing of the noun phrases in the transfer task.
fillers are known to be associated with a number of side effects , one of the most severe being skin necrosis.
the most vulnerable areas are those that are supplied by a single arterial branch ; for example , the glabellar and nasolabial folds are susceptible.
both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to health.
this chapter builds on others in this volume , in which a deficit accumulation approach to frailty has been described.
the concept of social vulnerability is presented.
second , we explore autonomy and identify the tension between meaningful self-determination and prevailing ethical and legal norms associated with informed choice.
the increasing prevalence of frailty within the aging population poses challenges to current models of chronic disease management and end-of-life care delivery.
as frailty progresses , individuals face an increasing frequency of acute health issues requiring medical attention.
this chapter reviews the history of palliative care and the elements of frailty that require the modification of current models of palliative care.
in addition , tools and models for recognition of end of life in frailty and considerations for symptom management are introduced.
frailty represents a state of heightened vulnerability.
mobility impairment contributes to the construct of frailty and channels adverse events.
while mobility disorder is universal at a high burden of frailty , neither mobility nor balance dysfunction is sufficient to fully define frailty.
frailty represents proximity to complex system failure , with higher-order disturbance , such as mobility and balance disturbance , as a consequence.
clinical measurement of mobility and balance should be prioritized.
specific mobility and balance interventions reduce falls risk.
however , patients with dementia walk too fast for their level of frailty , creating an ethical dimension to rehabilitation and risk.
overall , there is no need for reduced mobility to reinforce the frailty stereotype ; both are potentially modifiable and amenable to intervention strategies.
this chapter considers the pragmatic integration of frailty in primary care.
the latter are often in need of a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) .
cga can have important positive impacts on the health of older people , but it is labor-intensive and costly.
therefore , patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes should have higher priority to publicly funded cga services.
a number of frailty assessment tools have been recommended for use in primary care.
some randomized controlled trials have shown that frailty screening in primary care , with subsequent cga and intervention , can prevent adverse outcomes.
however , this result has not been obtained with every screening tool , and comparative trials are ongoing.
meanwhile , primary care commissioners in the uk are establishing new frailty care pathways and developing frailty registers in primary care.
the previous chapter focused on the conceptualization and operationalization of the deficit accumulation and phenotypic approaches to the description of frailty.
the purpose of this chapter is to summarize some studies that compared these most commonly used frailty definitions.
of the many theoretical definitions of frailty , two are commonly employed : the physical frailty / phenotypic approach and the deficit accumulation approach.
the purpose of this chapter is to discuss how frailty is conceptualized and operationalized based on these two approaches.
from the moment of birth , the human body plays host to a rich diversity of microbes.
as our understanding of the microbiome advances , it is evident that these microbial populations participate in a multitude of symbiotic associations with us.
however , the link between the microbiome and frailty is as yet mostly unexplored.
although women live longer lives than men , they tend to have poorer health status.
here , we review the biological and socio-behavioral factors that may contribute to this sex-frailty paradox.
the conceptual framework that frailty is a product of the environment and the recovery rate provides a new understanding of women's frailty burden.
perhaps deterministic characteristics omitted in current deficit counts , such as reduced emotional adaptability , are more prevalent in men.
alternatively , different limits may result from quantitative evolutionary design , such as a fitness-frailty pleiotropy in men or fertility-frailty pleiotropy in women.
the engineering principle of safety factors ( maximal capacity divided by routine functioning ) may also be informative.
frailty is a still-evolving concept of a complex phenomenon.
there are several algorithms and strategies for assessing frailty syndrome , but currently , no universally accepted definition or measurement protocol has been determined.
consequently , the biological cause ( s ) of frailty are also poorly defined.
this chapter will describe the immune / inflammatory alterations found in frailty and their putative causal relationships with this state.
cells age in association with deficit accumulation via mechanisms that are far from fully defined.
even so , how deficits might scale up from the subcellular level to give rise to clinically evident age-related changes can be investigated.
some recent evidence favors the latter hypothesis , but determining the best approach to study how deficits scale remains a key goal for understanding aging.
in consequence , approaching the problem of frailty as one of the scaling of subcellular deficits has implications for understanding aging.
mathematical modeling offers useful possibilities in clarifying the extent to which different clinical scales measure different phenomena.
even so , to be useful , mathematical modelling must be clinically coherent in addition to mathematically sound.
in this regard , queuing appears to offer some potential for investigating how deficits originate and accumulate.
importance : observational studies indicate that lower blood pressure ( bp ) increases risk for cognitive decline in elderly individuals.
older persons are at risk for impaired cerebral autoregulation ; lowering their bp may compromise cerebral blood flow and cognitive function.
objective : to assess whether discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment in older persons with mild cognitive deficits improves cognitive , psychological , and general daily functioning.
intention-to-treat analyses were performed from @date@ through @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : change in the overall cognition compound score.
adverse events were equally distributed.
trial registration : trialregister.nl identifier : ntr2829.
a total of @number@ records ( @number@ subjects ; age range 30-92 years ) of creatinine clearance and relevant demographic data were used.
on average , four samples per subject were collected for up to @number@ days ( mean : @number@ days ) .
a simple linear regression and random coefficient models were selected for cs and lt analyses , respectively.
the incidence of dementia and obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) increases with age.
late-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease of the elderly characterized by amyloid β ( aβ ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
the disease involves widespread synaptic loss in the neocortex and the hippocampus.
rodent and clinical studies suggest that osa impairs the structural integrity of several brain regions , including the medial temporal lobe.
indeed , hypoxia , hypertension , hypoperfusion , endothelial dysfunction , inflammation , and oxidative stress noted in osa patients also occur in ad patients.
this review highlights pathological commonality , showing that osa upregulates aβ , tau hyperphosphorylation , and synaptic dysfunction.
indeed , osa and hypertension trigger hypoperfusion and hypometabolism of brain regions , including cortex and hippocampus.
several studies show that hypertension-driven brain damage and pathogenic mechanisms lead to an aβ increase.
the pathophysiological mechanism by which osa enhances hypertension may be linked to sympathoexcitation , oxidative stress , and endothelial dysfunction.
strong pathophysiological similarities that exist between osa and ad are underscored here.
for example , the hippocampus is negatively impacted in both osa and ad.
osa promotes hippocampal atrophy , which is associated with memory impairment.
cognitive impairment , even in the absence of manifest dementia , is an important independent predictor of mortality.
however , several pathophysiological mechanisms in osa are reversible with appropriate therapy.
objectives : to estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) deficiency and its determinants among older adults in ecuador.
logistic regression models were used to evaluate demographic characteristics associated with 25 ( oh ) d deficiency.
the present findings may assist public health authorities to implement policies of vitamin d supplementation among older adults at risk for this condition.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly.
furthermore , ad has provided the most positive indication to support the fact that inflammation contributes to neurodegenerative disease.
it is hypothesised that early prevention or management of inflammation could delay the onset or reduce the symptoms of ad.
dha supplementation can reduce markers of inflammation.
longer term trials with long chain omega-3 supplementation in early stage ad are warranted.
we also highlight the importance of overall quality and composition of the diet to protect against ad and dementia.
oxidative stress is believed to greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases , including neurodegeneration.
impairment of mitochondrial energy production and increased mitochondrial oxidative damage are considered early pathological events that lead to neurodegeneration.
manganese superoxide dismutase ( mn-sod , sod2 ) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide.
b-sod2 ( - / - ) showed perinatal death , along with severe growth retardation.
interestingly , these mice exhibited spongiform neurodegeneration in motor cortex , hippocampus , and brainstem , accompanied by gliosis.
background : the number of elderly patients with asthma has been increasing in japan.
treatment for these patients should be provided based on the condition of individual patients.
this study was performed to clarify the relationship between inhalation procedure and sex difference in elderly patients with asthma.
conclusion : our results suggest that elderly female patients with asthma have less understanding of inhaled steroid therapy , compared to elderly male patients.
therefore , it is particularly important to confirm that the correct inhalation procedure is used by elderly female patients with asthma.
purpose : to examine the effects of resistance training ( rt ) on metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in postmenopausal women.
dominant knee extension strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer before and after the intervention.
moreover , all volunteers had blood samples collected for lipid profile , glycemic control , and c-reactive protein analyses.
waist circumference and arterial blood pressure were also measured at baseline and after the training period.
student's t-tests for paired samples and repeated measures anova were used to compare dependent variables , and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
results : isokinetic muscle strength significantly increased ( p < 0.01 ) with training.
it was observed that waist circumference as well as total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased with training ( p < 0.01 ) .
blood glucose , basal insulin , and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were also significantly reduced ( p < 0.01 ) .
no significant alterations were observed for resting blood pressure , triglycerides , or c-reactive protein.
these findings highlight this mode of exercise as an important component of public health promotion programs for aged women.
rt improves isokinetic strength and metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in postmenopausal women.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ patients ( aged > 60 years ) were enrolled in the study.
pain intensity was evaluated with the numeric rating scale ( nrs ) .
also , the @number@ cst results were significantly higher in younger oa patients ( p < 0.05 ) .
subjects older than @number@ years had a significantly worse adl score ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 ) .
pain complaints were reported significantly more frequently by women than men ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : elderly population with oa is at an elevated risk of falling , which increases with progressing age , pain , and muscle weakness.
it seems prudent to identify individuals at a high risk of falling and to propose an adequate treatment for them.
wound-related pain is often associated with skin ulcers and negatively impacts both the patient's quality of life and , indirectly , wound healing.
pain management is an ongoing issue in the elderly , and remains underestimated and under-treated in this fragile population.
recent guidelines suggest the use of opioids as the frontline treatment of moderate and severe pain in nononcological pain in the elderly.
however , due to the concerns of adverse reactions , drug interactions , and addiction , clinicians frequently hesitate to prescribe opioids.
this case report describes an elderly diabetic patient with multiple ulcers of the lower limbs suffering wound-related pain.
our case provides anecdotal evidence , supported by other studies , to justify future , larger studies on chronic pain using this therapy.
background : geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture ( fnf ) have unacceptably high rates of postoperative complications and mortality.
the electronic database at the chinese people's liberation army general hospital includes discharge records for all patients treated in the hospital.
results : two hundred and fifty-eight patients were identified for analysis.
the mean patient age was @number@ years , and @percent@ of the patients were women.
more patients with dementia or delirium were given pnb.
no statistically significant differences were found between groups for other comorbidities or intraoperative parameters.
the most common complications were acute cardiovascular events ( @percent@ ) , electrolyte disturbances ( @percent@ ) , and hypoxemia ( @percent@ ) .
patients who received pnb had more postoperative delirium ( p = 0.027 ) .
there were fewer admissions to intensive care ( p = 0.024 ) in the epidural anesthesia group.
conclusion : pnb was not associated with lower mortality or lower cardiovascular complication rates when compared with epidural anesthesia in elderly patients with fnf.
objective : within-person variability in cognitive performance is related to neurological integrity , but the association with functional abilities is less clear.
method : participants were @number@ community-dwelling adults , age @number@ or older.
cognitive dispersion was calculated by measuring within-person variability in cognitive domains , established through principal components analysis.
path analysis was used to determine the independent contribution of cognitive dispersion to functional ability , mediated by multitasking.
conclusion : these results suggest that cognitive dispersion between domains may be a useful indicator of multitasking and daily living skills among older adults.
visual short-term memory ( vstm ) is a vital cognitive ability , connecting visual input with conscious awareness.
vstm performance declines with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) amnesia.
many studies have shown that providing a spatial retrospective cue ( \ "retrocue \ " ) improves vstm capacity estimates for healthy young adults.
however , one study has demonstrated that older adults are unable to use a retrocue to inhibit irrelevant items from memory.
it is unknown whether patients with mci and mtl amnesia will be able to use a retrocue to benefit their memory.
consistent with previous findings , young adults showed a retrocue benefit , whereas healthy older adults did not.
we speculate that the patients were able to use the spatial information from the retrocue to reduce interference and facilitate binding items to their locations.
according to recent studies , stem cells are found in various tissues in our bodies.
it has been reported that stem cells can reside in the skin tissues , including the epidermis , dermis , hair follicles and subcutaneous tissues.
homeostasis of the skin is maintained because these stem cells collaborate with each other to form new cells.
the study revealed that the number of cd271 ( + ) cells in the epidermis and dermis decreased with aging.
it is possible that such an age-related decrease in stem cells causes impaired regenerative ability and is associated with various skin diseases.
in conclusion , aa efficiently protected human chondrocytes against damage induced by h2o2 by regulating multiple regulatory pathways.
octogenarians living in the community are the fastest-growing demographic in canada.
simultaneously , they have the highest prevalence of falls and nine times greater risk of injury due to a fall.
to understand how to improve the safety of octogenarians ' aging-in-place , a systems approach is essential.
understanding how societal factors interact and affect the older adult can help care custodians identify and remove safety deficiencies that bring about falls.
the purpose of this study was to identify system-wide factors contributing to falls in community-dwelling octogenarians.
eight falls were investigated using the systemic falls investigative method.
participants ranged in age from 83-90 years.
this qualitative study provides systemic insights into how and why falls occur in community-dwelling octogenarians.
lat describes an intimate relationship wherein partners maintain separate households.
this study investigated the characteristics of care arrangements in older long-term lat couples and elicited personal comments about intra-couple care.
however , for those lat partners already confronted with illness in their current relationship , all provided care to the partner in need.
the minority of lat partners who would not exchange care reciprocally are more likely to give as opposed to receive care.
demographic and social trends lead to a variety of micro-level and internal structural contexts that influence caregiving in families with older members.
yet the conventional nuclear family model is increasingly uncommon as new , pluralistic models of family life are emerging in contemporary society.
the majority of elder care is provided by relatives , albeit with varying patterns of involvement and responsibility across family structures.
the people's republic of china has the largest population of older persons of any country in the world.
it is a nation that has experienced enormous economic , social , and demographic changes over the past three and a half decades.
however , over this time , the family's ability to support its older members has been considerably altered and arguably weakened.
our study's premise was that normative care beliefs can inform the current care policy debate.
we also assessed how these care ideals have shifted in the early twenty-first century.
between @number@ and @number@ there has been a shift away from warm-modern care ideals and towards cold-modern care ideals.
this is remarkable , because dutch policy makers have increasingly encouraged family members to take on an active role in caring for dependent relatives.
background : although physical inactivity is a major public health problem , the causative factors for physical inactivity per se are poorly understood.
physical activity was assessed with a questionnaire consisting of @number@ components ( leisure-time , work , and sport activities ) .
the degree of apathetic behavior was negatively associated with sport activity in female subjects and positively associated with tv watching in male subjects.
even a minor level of apathy without major depression would have a significant impact on activities of daily living and quality of life.
dementia is receiving increasing attention from governments and politicians.
findings from four of the five studies showed non-significant changes in overall dementia occurrence.
the studies estimating incidence done in stockholm and rotterdam reported non-significant reductions.
this evidence suggests that attention to optimum health early in life might benefit cognitive health late in life.
each has their place , but upstream primary prevention has the largest effect on reduction of later dementia occurrence and disability.
in particular , rates of cognitive disorders and late-life affective disorders are expected to increase.
clearly innovative prevention and treatment strategies are needed.
this article reviews the latest promising clinical advances that hold promise for assisting the prevention and treatment of depression , cognitive decline , and dementia.
to examine specifically whether cellular ageing , as measured by leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) , is correlated with the presence of endocrine disturbance.
design : a cross-sectional retrospective substudy of an ongoing prospective cohort study.
statistical analysis included univariable followed by multivariable poisson regression and step-wise reduction to refine the multivariable model.
results : prevalence of any endocrine abnormality was @percent@ ( dyslipidaemia @percent@ , glucose intolerance / t2dm @percent@ , thyroid disorders @percent@ ) .
ltl was not associated with number or type of endocrine abnormalities in this study.
conclusion : further studies examining the relationship between duration and extent of exposure to hiv viraemia in relation to developing abnormal endocrine function are warranted.
context : the international cohort of hemodialysis patients is aging and increasing in number.
nephrologists have a therapeutic relationship with their patients that may span decades.
often overlooked components of chronic disease management include symptom control and assessment of health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) .
methods : a prospective cross-sectional observational study of hemodialysis patients was conducted in ireland and england during @number@ and @number@
two validated clinical tools were used to determine hrqol and symptom burden.
demographic and clinical data were examined , and regression analysis was used to determine associations with hrqol scores.
specifically , @percent@ of patients reported pain ( @percent@ confidence interval 61%-67% ) and @percent@ reported weakness ( @percent@ confidence interval 75%-81% ) .
a total of @number@ percent of patients reported between six and @number@ symptoms in the week preceding the survey.
hrqol was significantly and independently associated with poor mobility and pain and remained significant after adjusting for variations in clinical characteristics.
being listed on a transplant wait-list register was positively associated with hrqol.
conclusion : these findings illustrate the high symptom burden and poor hrqol of the hemodialysis population.
context : there is controversy around the association between depressive symptoms and age in adult cancer patients.
methods : we retrospectively analyzed a database of @number@ cancer patients who were consecutively recruited in a previous multicenter cross-sectional study.
we analyzed this model for both the total sample and the subpopulation aged @number@ years or older.
younger cancer patients were vulnerable to depressive symptoms and should be monitored carefully.
further studies using more representative samples are needed to examine in detail the association between depressive symptoms and age in older cancer patients.
nutrition is vital for optimal growth and development of young children.
nutrition risk screening can facilitate early intervention when followed by nutritional assessment and treatment.
a need was identified for a similar questionnaire for toddlers ( aged 18-35 months ) .
the purpose was to develop a reliable and valid toddler nutristep.
toddler nutristep was developed in @number@ phases.
a draft questionnaire was refined with key intercept interviews of @number@ parents / caregivers ( phase b ) .
scores on the rd nutrition risk rating and the toddler nutristep were correlated ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the area under the roc curve for moderate and high rd risk ratings were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the toddler nutristep questionnaire is both reliable and valid for screening for nutritional risk in toddlers.
the genetics of aging is typically concerned with lifespan determination that is associated with alterations in expression levels or mutations of particular genes.
however , this gene has never been implicated in aging or lifespan regulation.
here we show that the bmk-1 gene is an important lifespan regulator in worms.
moreover , bmk-1 over-expression increases the level of hsp-16 and decreases ced-3 in c. elegans.
genetic epistasis analysis reveals that hsp-16 is essential for the lifespan extension by bmk-1.
tinnitus is a widespread auditory disorder affecting approximately 10-15% of the population , often with debilitating consequences.
specifically , we argue that damage to the auditory system generates an initial tinnitus signal , consistent with previous research.
thus , in chronic tinnitus , limbic-system damage and resulting inefficiency of auditory-limbic interactions prevents proper compensation of the tinnitus signal.
neuroimaging studies utilizing connectivity methods like resting-state fmri and diffusion mri continue to uncover tinnitus-related anomalies throughout auditory , limbic , and other brain systems.
however , directly assessing interactions between these brain regions and networks has proved to be more challenging.
objective : type @number@ narcolepsy / hypocretin deficiency is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness , sleep fragmentation , and cataplexy.
we hypothesized that abnormal sleep transitions other than soremps can be identified in type @number@ narcolepsy.
the first @number@ min of sleep were excluded when a nocturnal soremp was recorded.
f ( @number@ ) measures and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify specific ( ≥98% ) features.
a data set of @number@ patients and @number@ sex- and age-matched controls was used for the training.
a data set of @number@ cases and @number@ sleep-clinic patients was used for the validation.
sensitivity ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ , and it did not vary substantially with and without medication or a nocturnal soremp.
in patients taking antidepressants , nocturnal soremps occurred much less frequently ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : increased sleep-stage transitions notably from ≥2.5 min of w / n1 into rem are specifically diagnostic for narcolepsy independent of a nocturnal soremp.
introduction : the western population is ageing.
it is unknown whether age at diagnosis affects the severity of rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , we therefore performed the present study.
linear regression and multivariate normal regression models were used.
age correlated stronger with baseline erosion-scores compared to joint space narrowing ( jsn ) -scores ( r = 0.38 versus @number@ ) .
symptom duration , acpa , sjc and crp did not mediate the association of age with joint damage severity.
age was significantly associated with the mri-inflammation-score after adjusting for crp and sjc ( β = 1.018 , p = 0.027 ) .
with aging populations , european countries face difficult challenges.
although currently granted to @number@ million people , it is suspected that some of those eligible do not claim it presenting a non-take-up behavior.
the granting of apa is a decentralized process , with @number@ county councils ( cc ) managing it , with wide room for local interpretation.
we use a national health survey and administrative data in a multilevel model controlling for geographical , cultural and political differences between counties.
this pecuniary trade-off , revealed by our study , can have strong implications for the well-being of the elderly and their relatives.
pwb is considered a very important correlate of subjective well-being in people with excess weight.
few studies have analyzed the role of specific correlates of perceived well-being in the obese and overweight italian older population.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of perceived well-being in obese and overweight older adults.
occasionally , hs may be the only neuropathological change detected in older individuals with dementia and is known as pure hs.
in the majority of cases , hs occurs in the setting of other degenerative changes , usually alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in these cases , it is classified as combined hs.
background : depressive symptoms are common in older adults and associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment.
results : participants ' mean age was @number@ years , @percent@ were female , and @percent@ were non-hispanic white.
conclusions : increasing the total amount of leisure activity levels may help lower depressive symptoms in inactive older adults with cognitive complaints.
the aim of this study was to examine whether performance on phonemic and semantic fluency tasks follows similar lifespan trajectories.
data from @number@ hebrew-speakers aged 5-86 years were analyzed.
a significant interaction between task type and the curvilinear effect demonstrated differential lifespan patterns of performance on each task.
objective : polysomnographic ( psg ) studies in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are not conclusive and are limited only to conventional sleep parameters.
ad showed also decreased slow wave sleep ( sws ) relative to healthy elderly individuals.
mci nappers showed decreased nocturnal sws and a1 subtypes compared to non-nappers.
several correlations between sleep variables and neuropsychological tests were found.
conclusions : mci and ad subjects showed a decreased sleep instability correlated with their cognitive decline.
such a decrease may be considered as a potential biomarker of underlying neurodegeneration.
most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood , even if they are lost to injury or disease.
nevertheless , many questions remain regarding adult neurogenesis in other brain regions and particularly in humans , where standard birth-dating methods are not generally feasible.
exciting recent evidence indicates that calretinin-expressing interneurons are added to the adult human striatum at a substantial rate.
the studies published in english have been assessed , and the best and most recent evidence was included in the current study.
otu cluster analysis and venn diagram showed that the intestinal microbial community of gaotian villagers is different from that of control group.
remarkably , some special species , i.e. , methanobacterium , butyricimonas , deinococcus , and streptococcaceae , have been found in gaotian villagers.
further study should be focused on screening and functional evaluation of the special species in the long-life residents.
elevated glucocorticoid ( gc ) levels putatively damage specific brain regions , which in turn may accelerate cognitive ageing.
cortisol-wm relationships were modest , as was the degree to which wm structure attenuated cortisol-cognition associations ( < 15% ) .
these data support the hypothesis that gcs contribute to cognitive ageing differences from childhood to the early 70s , partly via brain wm structure.
method : a lexical task was conducted involving recognition and naming of famous people from photographs.
proportional semantic and phonological access measures were calculated.
phonological access and reaction time measures were significantly and positively correlated , and semantic access and reaction time were significantly and negatively correlated.
patterns of change must be replicated over longer periods of time.
data were analyzed using descriptive , comparative analysis , and binary logistic regression.
the @number@ patients ( mean age , @number@ ± @time@ ) were hospitalized for a mean of @time@ ± @time@ .
those patients had moderate risk score ( @number@ ± @number@ ) in the autar dvtras.
this study highlights evidence on the degree of dvt risk , risk factors , and impact of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopedic operations.
for evidence-based clinical practice , these high-level risk factors should be taken into account in the prevention of dvt in orthopedic patients.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by fibrillary aggregates of aβ peptide and tau protein.
the distribution of these pathological hallmarks throughout the brain is not random ; it follows a predictive pattern that is used for pathological staging.
the pattern of regional progression of neurofibrillary degeneration in ad to some extent inversely recapitulates ontogenetic and phylogenetic brain development.
these findings provide additional evidence that mosaic genomic heterogeneity may play a key role in ad pathology.
lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( lam ) is a rare , potentially fatal disease primarily affecting young women.
estrogens enhance cell proliferation and progression of the tumor.
we further examined the correlation among h scores of these markers using hierarchical clustering analysis.
afterward , subjects received an interference task ( watched a movie ) for @number@ min.
we tested retention by asking subjects to perform the sinusoidal task ( @number@ trials ) with and without visual feedback.
in experiment @number@ the movement error and variability were greater for older adults during the visual feedback trials when compared with young adults.
in contrast , during the no-vision trials , age-associated differences in movement error and variability were ameliorated.
short-term adaptations in learning the sinusoidal task were similar for young and older adults.
in experiment @number@ lower amount of visual feedback minimized the age-associated differences in movement variability for both the index finger and ankle movements.
making step adjustments is an essential component of walking.
however , the ability to make step adjustments may be compromised when the walker's attentional capacity is limited.
this study compared the effects of aging and dual tasking on step adjustments in response to stepping-target perturbations during visually cued treadmill walking.
in both groups , step adjustments were smaller than required.
for fw and bw shifts , older adults undershot more under dual-task conditions.
for these shifts , ard affected the age groups differentially.
for sw shifts , larger errors were found for older adults , dual tasking and the most difficult ard.
stroop task performance did not differ between groups in all conditions.
older adults have more difficulty than young adults to make corrective step adjustments while walking , especially under dual-tasking conditions.
background : fetal exposure to maternal smoking is associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in later life.
early microvasculature adaptations might be part of the underlying mechanisms for these associations.
aims : the aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on retinal vessel calibers in children.
study design : we performed a population-based prospective cohort study among @number@ school-age children.
maternal smoking patterns during pregnancy were assessed by questionnaires.
also , no dose-dependent associations of the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy with childhood retinal vessel calibers were present.
conclusion : maternal smoking during pregnancy did not influence childhood retinal arteriolar and venular calibers.
the mechanisms linking fetal smoke exposure with cardiovascular risk factors in later life may include other mechanisms than structural microvasculature adaptations.
bone metastasis is very common in prostate cancer ( pca ) and causes severe pain.
pc-3 is an androgen receptor ( ar ) -negative pca cell line with high metastatic potential established from pca bone metastasis.
migration and invasion of pc-3 and pc-3 ( ar ) cells were promoted by egf or igf-1 but were suppressed by casodex.
re-expression of ar reduced the activity of mmp-2 and mmp-9 in pc-3 cells.
our observations suggested that re-expressing ar suppresses migration and invasion of pc-3 cells via regulation of emt marker proteins and mmp activity.
background : functional independence with aging is an important goal for individuals and society.
simple prognostic indicators can inform health promotion and care planning , but evidence is limited by heterogeneity in measures of function.
results : participants with faster baseline gait had lower rates of incident disability.
results were similar for combined disability and mortality.
effects were largely consistent across subgroups based on age , gender , race , body mass index , prior hospitalization , and selected chronic conditions.
in the presence of multiple other risk factors for disability , gait speed significantly increased the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve.
therefore , the possibility of developing antiaging interventions for humans has gone from a dream to a reality.
also , a lower abundance of sirt3 , accompanied by an increase in acetylated skeletal muscle proteins , was observed in grandmothers.
however the conformational pattern of ligand receptor binding is unclear.
data shows that hemokinin-1 was unstructured in aqueous environment ; anionic detergent sds induces α-helix formation.
helical conformation is observed from residue k3-m11.
the conformational range of the peptide revealed by nmr studies has been analyzed in terms of characteristic secondary features.
observed conformational features have been compared to that of substance p potent nk1 agonist.
thus the report provides a structural insight to study hhk-1-nk1 interaction that is essential for hhk1 based signaling events.
ethno-pharmacological relevance : cyperus rotundus l.
unfortunately , this significant plant species has not been assessed under improved cultivation conditions with the aim of conservation in natural habitats and high quality.
the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of c. rotundus have supported its traditional as well as prospective uses as a valuable ayurvedic plant.
previous researches focuses on the phytochemistry , biological properties and clinical application of rhizomes and tubers of c. rotundus.
however , such studies on the other parts of this medicinally important plant are still quest to be investigate.
moreover , b cells with these general features are associated with viral infections and autoimmunity in both mice and humans.
in this article , we review current understanding of the characteristics , origins , and functions of these cells.
objectives : the high predictive validity of self-rated health ( srh ) is a major strength of this widely used population health measure.
recent studies , however , noted that the predictive validity varies across population subgroups.
the aim of this study is to examine respondents ' age as a moderator of srh predictive validity with respect to subsequent mortality risk.
discussion : the findings of declining predictive validity of srh across age imply that individuals may evaluate their health differently as they age.
the results also suggest caution in using srh to capture age-related health changes in the older population.
background : bdnf is known to induce neuroplasticity and low circulating levels have been related to neuronal loss in older persons.
these conflicting observations might reflect dose-and gender-specific differences.
serum was collected for bdnf assay at baseline and after @number@ weeks ( @number@ h-48 h after the last training ) .
no significant change was observed in high or low , neither in male nor female subjects.
training to volitional fatigue might be necessary to obtain optimal results.
additional studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms , as well as to confirm the observed gender difference.
objectives : age-at-menopause and leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) are both associated with biologic aging.
among mexican-americans , an increase of one standard deviation in ltl was associated with a @number@ year earlier menopause.
there was no significant association between ltl and age-at-menopause among non-hispanic black women.
conclusions : our main finding is evidence of a strong interaction by race / ethnicity in the association between ltl and age-at-menopause.
background : the hormone klotho , encoded by the gene klotho , is primarily expressed in the kidney and choroid plexus of the brain.
we assessed whether klotho concentrations measured at the 3-year visit related to cognition and cognitive decline.
conclusions : higher plasma klotho concentrations were associated with lower risk of meaningful decline and smaller average decline in mmse.
future studies should investigate mechanisms through which klotho may affect domain-specific cognitive changes.
background : frailty assessment provides a means of identifying older adults most vulnerable to adverse outcomes.
attention to frailty in clinical practice is more likely with better understanding of its prevalence and associations with patient characteristics.
we sought to provide national estimates of frailty in older people.
all measures drew on a 2-hour in-person interview.
weighted estimates of frailty prevalence were obtained.
independently of these characteristics , frailty prevalence varies substantially across geographic regions.
chronic disease and disability prevalence increase steeply with frailty.
among the frail , @percent@ were hospitalized in the previous year , compared to @percent@ of the prefrail and @percent@ of persons considered robust.
hip , back , and heart surgery in the last year were associated with frailty.
over half of frail persons had a fall in the previous year.
background : loss of muscle mass occurs with aging and in lower limbs it may be accelerated by foot problems.
a low arch was associated with a higher leg muscle mass in adjusted models for both men and women ( p < @number@ ) .
future longitudinal analyses are needed to explain the temporal relationship between these conditions and how they relate to other aspects of impairment and physical function.
the extragenital manifestation of chlamydia trachomatis infection frequently results in non-specific conjunctivitis among sexually active adults.
a total of @number@ conjunctival specimens were screened for c. trachomatis dna targeting the plasmid gene.
serovar determination of the c. trachomatis-positive specimens was carried out by an omp1 pcr-based rflp analysis method.
statistical analysis was done using a generalized linear model.
c. trachomatis was detected in @number@ cases ( @number@ % ) of adult conjunctivitis.
statistical analysis showed higher c. trachomatis prevalence in the younger age groups , and this peaked at younger age in women than in men.
the high prevalence of this pathogen found in ocular samples should alert ophthalmologists to focus on the role of c. trachomatis in adult conjunctivitis.
the serovar distribution indicated that ocular chlamydial infections usually have a genital source.
nevertheless , conjunctivitis might be the only sign of this sexually transmitted infection.
further comparative genotyping of c. trachomatis in ocular and genital specimens might give more detailed epidemiological information about the aetiology of the disease.
objective : to assess the burden and chemical and mineralogical composition of stent coating at both stent ends , with evaluation of associated risk factors.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ consecutive patients submitted to ureteral-stent removal were considered.
stents were previously positioned for both urolithiasis and during the management of other urologic diseases and / or procedures.
mean indwelling time was @number@ ± @number@ days.
analytical procedures : encrustations were submitted to chemical-mineralogical analysis as well as to their quantification.
the analytical solution obtained by acid attack was used to acquire information on calcium and magnesium content with atomic-absorption spectroscopy.
x-ray diffraction was used to determine the mineralogy of encrustations for a group of stent samples characterized by relatively high amounts of deposited material.
results : the composition of encrustations at the proximal coil reflected the composition of stones in patients with urolithiasis.
whewellite was the more common encrustant.
conclusion : the present study highlighted some variables related to stent encrustation and seems to be the first one analyzing separately the two coils.
our outcomes suggest that the so-obtained risk factors have to be considered when positioning a ureteral stent.
however , ics are widely used in up to @percent@ of copd patients , including those at low risk of exacerbations.
skin plays a protective role against the loss of water and external aggression , including mechanical stresses.
these crucial functions are ensured by different cutaneous layers , particularly the stratum corneum ( sc ) .
during aging , the human skin reveals some apparent modifications of functionalities such as a loss of elasticity.
raman and biometric data were then submitted to a partial least square ( pls ) -based data processing.
in addition , raman features sensitive to the elasticity and the fatigability of the sc were highlighted.
background : gastrointestinal complications from antibiotic use , including clostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) , can have significant morbidity , especially among older patients.
this descriptive study surveyed dentists to find out how they would respond to a patient with signs indicating potential cdi.
methods : a survey on prescribing medications for older patients was mailed to @number@ dentists in new jersey.
questions were asked regarding antibiotic selection , probiotic use , and approach to a patient scenario of diarrhea after antibiotic use.
results : respondents chose amoxicillin most frequently as an antibiotic , and clindamycin if penicillin allergy.
when informed their patients had diarrhea , @percent@ advised them to stop the antibiotic.
if the patient continued to have diarrhea on follow-up , @percent@ contacted the patient's physician.
most ( @percent@ ) do not prescribe probiotics prophylactically.
dentists may wish to learn more about benefits of probiotics.
aims : to assess the prevalence of fecal incontinence ( fi ) and associated factors in older adults.
a group of @number@ subjects were interviewed during the third wave of the sabe study performed in sao paulo , in @number@
the study included @percent@ females ; the mean age of the participants was @number@ years.
descriptive analysis and hierarchical logistic regression were performed.
results : the overall prevalence of fi was @percent@ , being @percent@ and @percent@ for males and females respectively.
among male subjects , the presence of malnutrition was associated with fi and thus presented a high relative risk index for its occurrence.
for the first time in literature , polypharmacy appeared as an associated factor for fi for female older adults.
neurourol.
urodynam.
35 : 959-964 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
the population attempting pregnancy and having babies is ageing.
the declining fertility potential and the late age of motherhood are increasing significantly the number of patients over forty consulting infertility specialists.
assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) cannot compensate the natural decline in fertility with age.
hence , @number@ years is the usual limit , but between @number@ and @number@ is art useful ?
the answer varies according to physicians , couples or society.
on medical level , the etiology of the infertility must be taken into account.
if there is an explanation to infertility ( male or tubal infertility ) art is better than abstention.
if the infertility is only due to age the question is raised.
in france , the reimbursement by the society of a technique with very low results is discussed.
however efficacy is not absolutely compulsory in medicine.
on the opposite to give false hopes may be discussed too.
to obtain a reasonable consensus is rather difficult.
objective : to examine the potential effectiveness of a television ( tv ) campaign to increase seasonal influenza vaccination among the elderly.
results : the hypothetical campaign cost was $ 5 , 960 , 000 ( in @number@ us dollars ) .
the estimated icer was $ @time@ ( @percent@ confidence interval $ @time@ - $ 39.37 ) per additionally vaccinated medicare elderly in a probabilistic analysis.
break-even analyses estimated the maximum acceptable campaign cost to be $ 14 , 870 , 000 , which was comparable to the benchmark icer.
background : arterial stiffness is an important marker of vascular aging that is increased in sedentary , obese older adults.
this pilot study determined the effects of rt with and without cr on arterial stiffness in overweight and obese older adults.
three indices of arterial stiffness were measured : brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity , large artery elasticity , and small artery elasticity.
within-group analyses showed that none of the arterial stiffness measures changed with rt or rt + cr.
our data suggest that reductions in waist circumference and blood pressure may promote improvements in elasticity.
clinical trials registration : trial number nct01049698.
a mixed linear model was used to investigate the association of abp with log-transformed cyp17a1 activities exploring effect modification by urinary sodium excretion.
ratio @number@ was not associated with abp.
cyp17a1 activities , assessed with ratio @number@ were lower in older participants.
conclusions : low apparent cyp17a1 activity ( assessed with ratio @number@ ) is associated with elevated daytime abp when salt intake is high.
cyp17a1 activity is heritable and diminished in the elderly.
these observations highlight the modifying effect of salt intake on the association of cyp17a1 with bp.
aging is the biggest risk factor for human disease and results in a wide range of aging pathologies.
these genetic manipulations also correlate with a delay in the onset of tissue and organismal dysfunction.
translational biogerontology will require incorporation of both therapeutic and pharmacological concepts.
objectives : to identify , critically appraise and synthesize qualitative evidence of self-care experiences in health promotion for home-dwelling elders.
design : a meta-synthesis was conducted following the joanna briggs institute guidelines and using qualitative assessment and review instrument software.
other articles were searched on scopus and web of knowledge.
the reference list of all the identified articles was also searched for additional studies.
studies published in english , italian , french , portuguese , and spanish were considered for inclusion in the review.
no studies were excluded due to methodological quality.
results : of the @number@ records identified , @number@ articles met the inclusion criteria.
most articles were conducted in scandinavian countries and used a phenomenological design.
most elders in the sample were middle-class , cognitively intact , independent , and in good health.
these self-care activities are directed toward holistic wellness , prevention and treatment of aging effects , obtaining a sense of satisfaction , and self-realization.
conclusions : this meta-synthesis presents the perspectives of home-dwelling old people on health-promoting self-care experiences.
such information can help healthcare professionals to maintain long-term autonomy of elders in self-care and to promote healthy aging.
further qualitative research describing self-care experiences of home-dwelling elders from different cultures , education levels , and social backgrounds is needed.
this review introduces the concept of culture-sensitive health communication.
the basic premise is that congruency between the recipient's cultural characteristics and the respective message will increase the communication's effectiveness.
to achieve effective health communication in varying cultural contexts , an empirically and theoretically based understanding of culture will be indispensable.
finally , we propose an agenda both for science and for practice to advance and apply the evidence base for culture-sensitive health communication.
this calls for more interdisciplinary research between science and practice but also between scientific disciplines and between basic and applied research.
walking speed is a key vital sign in older people.
these associations were partly accounted for by depressive symptoms , disease burden , physical activity , cognition , body mass index , and smoking.
life expectancy has increased in many countries as a result the world's population is aging.
the projections indicate that the proportion of the elderly in a few decades will increase significantly.
aging carries with it a series of physiological changes ; one of them is an imbalance in the hemostatic system.
also , platelet activity suggests a state of abnormal activation ( p-selectin , beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor ) .
in this review we will systematically examine the alterations in the hemostatic components that occur during aging.
therefore , understanding these hemostatic changes could contribute to developing strategies for the proper management of health in old age.
background : visuo-spatial and problem-solving abilities are commonly impaired in patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
conversely , subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) do not exhibit overt involvement of cognitive domains other than memory.
aim of the study : to describe the pattern of errors at rcpm in subjects suffering from ad as compared with that of amci.
methods : fifteen patients with ad , @number@ subjects with amci and @number@ healthy controls ( hc ) received the rcpm.
results : no difference approached significance between amci subjects and hc.
ad patients always exhibited a higher number of errors as compared with hc.
ad patients showed higher number of errors as compared with amci only on rp and ic errors.
in mammals , the small arf gtpase-activating protein ( smap ) subfamily of arf gtpase-activating proteins consists of closely related members , smap1 and smap2.
these factors reportedly exert distinct functions in membrane trafficking , as manifested by different phenotypes seen in single knockout mice.
the present study investigated whether smap proteins interact genetically.
thus , at least one smap gene , either smap1 or smap2 , is required for proper embryogenesis.
background : total sedentary time varies across population groups with important health consequences.
patterns of sedentary time accumulation may vary and have differential health risks.
linear mixed models were used to account for intra-person and site-level clustering.
variations by time of day , age and gender were explored.
women had more daily 1 + minute sedentary bouts than men ( @number@ vs. @number@ ) , indicating they break up sedentary time more often.
for men and women , a greater proportion of time was spent being sedentary during later hours of the day than earlier.
gender differences in intra-day sedentary time were observed during morning hours with women accumulating less sedentary time overall and having more 1 + minute bouts.
awareness of these patterns can help interventionists better target sedentary time and may aid in the identification of health risks associated with sedentary behavior.
future studies should investigate the impact of patterns of sedentary time on healthy aging , disease , and mortality.
purpose : evaporation of the tear film is heavily discussed as one core reason for dry eye disease ( ded ) .
subsequently , new artificial tear products are developed that specifically target this pathomechanism.
methods : thirty patients with hyperevaporative dry eye received f6h8 during a prospective , multicenter , observational 6-week study.
patients were advised to apply @number@ drop @number@ times daily in both eyes.
results : from the @number@ patients recruited , @number@ completed the trial per protocol.
four patients discontinued f6h8 and @number@ patient did not present for follow-up.
f6h8 treatment led to significant reduction of corneal staining and significant increase of schirmer i and tfbut.
in addition , osdi score dropped significantly from a mean of @number@ ( ± @number@ ) to @number@ ( ± @number@ ) .
visual acuity and ocular pressure did not change.
conclusions : this prospective observational study shows significant beneficial effects in patients suffering from evaporative ded , using f6h8 in all the relevant parameters tested.
overall , f6h8 ( novatears ) seems to be safe and effective in treating mild to moderate hyperevaporative ded.
the os pubis is one of the most widely used areas of the skeleton for age estimation.
this study identifies patterns of growth and maturation in the pubic symphysis to derive more precise age estimates for individuals under @number@ years of age.
emphasis is placed on young adults to provide more informative descriptions of epiphyseal changes associated with the final phases of skeletal maturation before degeneration commences.
age-related traits at locations with ontogenetic and biomechanical relevance were broken into components and scored.
transition analysis was applied to elucidate the transition ages between the morphological states of each component.
the categorical scores and transition analysis ages were subjected to multinomial logistic regression and decision tree analysis to derive accurate age interval estimates.
results of these analyses were used to construct a decision tree-style flow chart for practitioner use.
design : 3-cross sectional studies in @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
setting : beijing , china.
participants : a group of @number@ @number@ and @number@ elderly residents aged ≥60 years were included this study in @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
intervention : none.
measurements : statistical sampling techniques included cluster , stratification , and random selection.
trained staff used a comprehensive geriatric assessment questionnaire and a standard survey instrument to complete the assessments.
this suggests that effective public measures need to be developed to improve the prevention and control of hypertension.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders widely occurring among the elderly.
the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of this disease are still unknown.
in ad , in addition to brain , a number of peripheral tissues and cells are affected , including erythrocytes.
these oxidative disturbances are also accompanied by reductions in atp levels , adenine nucleotide pool size and adenylate energy charge.
caspase-3 and calpain activities in age-matched controls and ad patients were about three times those of young adult controls.
@number@ , 3-diphosphoglycerate levels were significantly decreased in ad patients.
taken together these data suggest that ad patients are associated with chronic disturbance of @number@ , 3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in erythrocytes.
these defects may play a central role in pathophysiological processes predisposing elderly subjects to dementia.
forty-five ( @number@ ) subjects stood on a compliant surface with their eyes closed and were instructed to maintain a stable upright stance.
measures of stability of the head , trunk , and whole body were quantified in ml , ap and combined apml directions.
in general , there was no significant difference between estimates of perceptual and body motion thresholds.
information on antidepressant use and incident dementia during follow-up was retrieved from electronic medical records.
in addition , ssris users had significantly higher dementia risk than non-users with severe depression ( hr = 2.26 , p = 0.0005 ) .
future research is needed to confirm our results in other populations and to explore potential mechanism underlying the observed association.
the temporal resolution of erps provided an opportunity to address this issue.
temporospatial principal component analysis ( pca ) was used to identify underlying components that may be obscured by overlapping erp waveforms.
pca identified six anterior factors peaking between ∼140 ms and @number@ ms , and four posterior factors peaking between ∼300 ms and @number@ ms.
the increase in anterior processing began as early as middle-age , was sustained throughout old age , and appeared to be linear in nature.
in contrast , age-related decreases in posterior activity manifest during operations involved in stimulus categorization , post-decision monitoring , and preparation for an upcoming event.
insights into genetic origin of diseases and related traits could substantially impact strategies for improving human health.
the results of genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) are often positioned as discoveries of unconditional risk alleles of complex health traits.
we re-analyzed the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with total cholesterol ( tc ) in a large-scale gwas meta-analysis.
we focused on three generations of genotyped participants of the framingham heart study ( fhs ) .
the sample size and procedure-therapeutic issues play , at most , a minor role in this clustering.
an important result was clustering of significant associations with the strongest effects in the youngest , or 3rd generation , cohort.
the analyses of genetic effects in age-matched samples suggest a role of environmental and age-related mechanisms in the associations of different snps with tc.
analysis of the literature supports systemic roles for genes for these snps beyond those related to lipid metabolism.
thus ros generation in neural tissues is a hallmark feature of numerous forms of neural diseases.
during aging , multiple changes involving physical , chemical , and biochemical processes occur from the molecular to the morphological levels in neural tissues.
purpose : this study examined the effects of matrix solutions and aging methods on the bond strength between resin composite and human dentin.
materials and methods : crown segments of @number@ human non-carious molars were bonded using simulated pulpal pressure at @number@ cm water pressure.
each solution was left on the acid-etched dentin for @number@ min.
adper single bond @number@ and resin composite ( filtek z350 xt ) were applied to all specimens.
specimens were sectioned into sticks and subjected to microtensile testing.
bond strength data were analyzed by two-factor anova followed by a post-hoc tukey's test ( α = 0.05 ) .
results : for the factor \ "solution \ " , there was no significant difference among the groups ( p = 0.32 ) .
nevertheless , these solutions have no adverse effect on adhesion to tooth structure.
results : surface treatments significantly influenced the μsbs ( p < 0.001 ) .
the cement containing amorphous calcium phosphate ( aegis ) did not bond to zirconia surfaces.
the etched surfaces were silanized and resin cement was applied.
micromorphogical analysis of the treated surfaces was also performed ( atomic force and scanning electron microscopy ) .
one-way anova and tukey's tests were applied for data analysis.
results : uc had the highest contact angle ( @number@.4° ) , whereas hf10 showed the lowest contact angle ( @number@.5° ) .
conclusion : when etched with @percent@ , @percent@ , or @percent@ hydrofluoric acid , the ceramic tested showed stable resin adhesion after long-term aging.
to determine nl , bonded sticks from each experimental condition were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by sem.
data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure anova and tukey's test ( α = 0.05 ) .
specimens stored in pa and dw showed bond strengths significantly reduced after one and six months , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) .
no degradation of the resin-dentin bond strengths was observed for specimens stored in mo ( p > 0.05 ) .
nanoleakage increased for all groups except mo after storage.
the hypertrophic response to resistance training is generally attenuated with aging ; yet the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are largely unknown.
rl tended to increase protein components of the 40s ribosomal subunit in y only ( ≈ + 20-25% ; p ≤ @number@ ) .
this study aims to describe prevalence and risk factors of aii in a community and a clinic-based population.
subjects from both studies underwent similar clinical and neuropsychological assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging.
prevalence of aii from these studies was determined.
subsequently , risk factors of aii were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.
there was no association of aii with hypertension , diabetes mellitus , or hyperlipidemia.
conclusions : aii are more likely to be present in those with cognitive impairment.
the association between aii and cerebral microbleeds may indicate cerebral vasculopathy , independent of traditional vascular risk factors.
however , aging-in-place is not always a choice.
recently , the dutch government tightened the criteria for older adults to be admitted in a nursing home.
the ' dwelling check ' was developed as a ' basic ' check on the possibility for aging-in-place.
a pilot study was conducted to assess the added value of the dwelling check for older adults.
during this pilot study the occupants of over @number@ dwellings were interviewed by @number@ building services contractors using the dwelling check.
based on these interviews a personal advice was written.
after which the interviewees were asked to evaluate this service , comprising the interview and written advice.
the dwelling check contributed most to the awareness of and interest in possible alterations for aging-in-place.
in a few cases the decision ( @percent@ ) or even action ( @percent@ ) was taken to make alterations.
overall the dwelling check was rated @number@ out of @number@ by the interviewees and may therefore be considered of added value.
for older persons , everyday mobility is an important aspect of living an independent and self-determined life.
especially with increasing age most of the everyday ways in urban areas are covered by foot.
the more severe is the fact that older pedestrians are among the most vulnerable road users.
this is the starting point of the research group fans aiming for developing a pedestrian assistance system for older road users.
therefore , it is necessary to understand the difficulties older pedestrians encounter.
currently , two focus groups have been carried out that have been analyzed according to hägerstand's and gidden's considerations.
hereinafter , the category system that has been derived from the theoretical considerations will be presented and an outlook will be given.
we reflect on our experiences in two projects in which we developed interoperable telemedicine applications for the aging population.
while technically data exchange could be implemented technically , uptake was impeded by a lack of working procedures.
ambient assisted living ( aal ) is a growing field resulting from aging populations in the majority of the well-developed regions of the world.
aal technologies aim at supporting independent living at home and therefore , include a wide variety of innovations.
however , even though aal technologies are on the rise , the acceptance of them among the elderly population is still low.
in order to elaborate acceptance criteria , the state of the art on opinions and perceptions of elderly people about aal technologies , is summarized.
a total of eleven acceptance criteria are excerpted from this and a diagram is created to show their connections.
the bed is intended both for elderly and persons with a disability.
to support user centred development of life support robots the ulceat method was developed.
by means of the ulceat method the target users and the use environment were re-established in an earlier study.
method : the validity of the method is tested by re-evaluating the development of rb in retrospect.
six participants used the first prototype of rb ( rb1 ) and eight participants used the second prototype of rb ( rb2 ) .
results : the results indicated that the functionality was improved owing to the end-user evaluations.
therefore , we confirmed the content validity of the proposed ulceat method.
conclusion : in this study we confirmed the validation of the ulceat methodology by applying it in retrospect to rb using development process.
this method will be used for the development of life-support robots and prototype assistive technologies.
according to the literature , ageing causes declines in sensory , perceptual , motor and cognitive abilities.
the combination of reduced vision , hearing , memory and mobility contributes to isolation and depression.
we argue that memory games have potential for enhancing the cognitive ability of the elderly and improving their life quality.
in our earlier research , we designed tangible tabletop games to help the elderly remember and talk about the past.
ageing is an important factor that affects visual functioning.
in the netherlands the average age in healthcare facilities is on increase.
the current study is a preliminary literature review regarding the influence of light on the visual functioning of the aging workforce and their related tasks.
in the last twenty years most developed countries face dramatic demographic changes , and predominantly the rapid aging of their population.
the robot will possess motion control capabilities to move inside the house of each patient and alert in case that emergency events occur.
the robot will allow the care provider to communicate remotely with the patient using audio and video equipment installed on the robot.
frequent upper body bending is associated with low back pain ( lbp ) .
aging significantly reduced lumbar lordosis by @number@.2° and sacrum orientation by @number@.6° during standing in all subjects.
with aging , the lumbar rof decreased by @number@.7° , whereas the pelvic rof compensated for this effect and increased by @number@.0°.
the l / p ratio decreased from @number@ to @number@ with age ; however , this decrease was only significant in men.
gender affected sacrum orientation in standing and in flexion as well as the l / p ratio.
this study demonstrated the effects of age and gender on lordosis , sacrum orientation and lumbopelvic rhythm.
these findings are of importance for the individual prevention of lbp , and provide a baseline for differentiating symptomatic from asymptomatic age- and gender-matched subjects.
tdp-43 is a key disease protein for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but how it drives motor neuron degeneration remains unresolved.
background / objective : advanced pd is often associated with cognitive impairment and frequent falls.
we describe a suggestive case report of pd associated with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and falls.
the aim of our study was to test alteration in balance potentially related to use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ( achei ) .
we address this hypothesis after keeping the patient in stable dosage of dopamine agonist.
the diagnosis of pd was also confirmed by spect with datscan , after ct-brain exclusion of potential other causes of the symptoms.
we also recorded gait parameters using an accelerometer , while balance and stability were assessed by stabilometric platform with open and closed eyes.
we repeated cognitive and motor tests and gait and balance evaluation after stable dosage of dopamine agonist before and after introduction of achei.
background : physical decline and high rates of inactivity lead to an increased risk of falling in the intellectual disability ( id ) population.
methods : residents of a german residential facility for people with id were asked to take part.
the ' timed up and go' , ' 30-second chair stand' , ' handgrip ' and ' romberg balance test ' were all performed.
mainly moderate to excellent icc values were found for all tests for the full sample and in all groups ( @number@.59-0.97 ) .
different sem values were found for full sample and sub-groups.
the sem is most important for interpreting the real effects of an intervention.
further analyses will be required to gain more information about the sem in different age groups or id-level groups.
background : the aetiology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is believed to involve environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility.
the aim of our present systematic review and meta-analysis was to roundly evaluate the association between ad and its modifiable risk factors.
methods : we systematically searched pubmed and the cochrane database of systematic reviews from inception to @date@ , and the references of retrieved relevant articles.
we included prospective cohort studies and retrospective case-control studies.
results : @number@ articles were identified of which @number@ with @number@ factors met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.
we identified no evidence suggestive of significant association with occupational exposures.
conclusions : effective interventions in diet , medications , biochemical exposures , psychological condition , pre-existing disease and lifestyle may decrease new incidence of ad.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is associated with structural , electrical , and contractile remodeling of the atria.
development and progression of atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of structural remodeling in af and is considered the substrate for af perpetuation.
in contrast , experimental and clinical data on the effect of ventricular fibrotic processes in the pathogenesis of af and its complications are controversial.
ventricular fibrosis seems to contribute to abnormalities in cardiac relaxation and contractility and to the development of heart failure , a common finding in af.
purpose : pilocytic astrocytoma ( pa ) is a world health organization grade i neoplasm that generally follows a benign course.
however , in some patients , pa exhibits an aggressive clinical course.
here , we examined the clinical course of pediatric and adult pas with progression at a single institution.
methods : between @number@ and @number@ @number@ patients with pa were treated.
we analyzed and compared tumor location , extent of tumor resection , adjuvant treatment , and clinical course in all patients.
immediate postoperative adjuvant treatment was carried out in @number@ patients.
tumor progression was detected in @number@ patients at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years after treatment , respectively , without significant symptoms.
immediate adjuvant treatment was carried out in @number@ patients.
progression was detected in @number@ patients at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years after treatment , respectively , with progressive neurologic symptoms.
there was one case of disease-related mortality during follow-up among the adult patients.
conclusion : most of the pa cases evaluated in this study were benign.
however , tumor progression in adult pas followed a more aggressive clinical course than those in pediatric pas.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the relationship between bsp and csp measured after exercise.
subjects exercised according to the bruce protocol , to achieve @number@ % of their age-predicted maximum heart rate or until the appearance of exercise-associated symptoms.
bsp and pr immediately after exercise were not significantly different among the groups ( p = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
csp in the older age group was significantly higher than that in the younger age group ( p < @number@ ) .
despite similar bsps in all age groups after exercise , csp was higher in the older age group.
therefore , older subjects have a higher csp after exercise , which is not readily assessed by conventional measurements of bsp.
objective : interleukin ( il ) @number@ receptor subunit α regulates lymphocyte activation , which plays an important role in atherosclerosis.
the most significant single-nucleotide polymorphism was rs7911500 ( p = 1.31×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
the ea meta-analysis results were highly consistent with chs-only results.
no single-nucleotide polymorphisms reached statistical significance in the aas.
conclusions : these results support a role for sil-2rα in atherosclerosis and provide evidence for multiple-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms at chromosome 10p15-14.
background : emergency department ( ed ) visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions ( acscs ) are common among older adults.
the high-intensity telemedicine model of care has been proposed as an innovative approach to expand access to acute illness care , thereby preventing ed visits.
methods : we performed a prospective cohort study at a primary care geriatrics practice that provides care to @number@ slcs.
six slcs selected as intervention facilities , with the remaining slcs serving as controls.
consenting practice patients at intervention facilities could have patient-to-provider , real-time , or store-and-forward high-intensity telemedicine services to diagnose and treat illnesses.
results : during the study period , control participants had @number@ ed visits for acscs , for a rate of @number@ visits / person-year.
this hypometabolic state is manifested by lowered neuronal glucose uptake , metabolic shift in the astrocytes , and alternations in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function.
these mitochondrion-related disorders in peripheral tissues can impact on brain functions through metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory signals.
hence , it would be critical to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.
we report toxicity and efficacy of the study treatment.
grade 3-5 neutropenia and infection were observed in @percent@ and @percent@ of patients , respectively.
response was seen in @percent@ ( @percent@ complete remissions ) .
median event-free and overall survival was @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
no differences in outcome were found for patients treated with versus without darbepoetin alfa.
inflammation is an adaptive response of the immune system to noxious insults to maintain homeostasis and restore functionality.
the retina is considered an immune-privileged tissue as a result of its unique anatomic and physiologic properties.
during aging , the retina suffers from a low-grade chronic oxidative insult , which sustains for decades and increases in level with advancing age.
as a result , the retinal innate-immune system , particularly microglia and the complement system , undergoes low levels of activation ( parainflammation ) .
in many cases , this parainflammatory response can maintain homeostasis in the healthy aging eye.
however , in patients with age-related macular degeneration , this parainflammatory response becomes dysregulated and contributes to macular damage.
factors contributing to the dysregulation of age-related retinal parainflammation include genetic predisposition , environmental risk factors , and old age.
regulation of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) is important for many physiological processes involving cancers , inflammation , tissue remodeling and skin aging.
in addition , the expression pattern of mir-526b and mmp1 mrna showed reverse relation between adult dermal and neonatal fibroblasts.
we show for the first time that mir-526b , an mirna belonging to c19mc , can target the 377-383 region of the mmp1 @number@ utr.
although gsk-3β inhibitors have been investigated as anticancer reagents , precise biological mechanisms remain to be determined.
in this study , we investigated the anticancer effects of gsk-3β inhibitors on cancer cell lines and observed centrosome dysregulation which resulted in abnormal mitosis.
mitotic checkpoints sensed the mitotic abnormalities and induced apoptosis.
for cells that were inherently resistant to apoptosis , cell death distinct from apoptosis was induced.
this suggested that mitotic catastrophe was an alternative mechanism in cells resistant to apoptosis.
although the role of gsk-3β in centrosomes has not yet been clarified , phosphorylated gsk-3β was localised in centrosomes.
from these data , gsk-3β seems to regulate centrosome function.
this detailed analysis detected signatures for purifying selection on regulatory elements as well as coding regions.
we also catalogue structural variants , including @number@ million insertions and deletions , and @number@ genic copy-number variants.
the 1kjpn was effective for imputing genotypes of the japanese population genome wide.
brain derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) plays an important role in neuronal development and plasticity.
the aim of this study was to explore the association between bdnf promoter methylation and mci in the xinjiang uygur and han populations.
methods : a dna methylation assay using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology was performed on @number@ uygur and @number@ han chinese individuals from xinjiang province , china.
further gender-based subgroup analyses did not find any significant results ( p > 0.05 ) .
conclusion : our results indicate that different levels of bdnf methylation may be present in different populations and environments.
this study also provides further information regarding the relationship between bdnf methylation levels and mci in xinjiang uygur and han ethnic groups.
frailty is a condition of vulnerability that carries an increased risk of poor outcome in elder adults.
several clinical features were evaluated and their possible association with mn frequency was tested.
criteria proposed by fried were used to identify frail subjects.
overall , @number@ elder adults entered the study , @number@ of them ( @percent@ ) frail.
the presence of genomic instability in the ageing process and in most chronic diseases , demands further investigation on this issue.
introduction : addressing chronic disease burden requires the creation of collaborative networks to promote systemic changes and engage stakeholders.
although many such networks exist , they are rarely assessed with tools that account for their complexity.
we computed network-level measures such as density , number of components , and centralization to assess the cohesiveness of the network.
results : sixty-three respondents completed the survey ( response rate , @percent@ ) .
mentorship and collaboration ties were present both within and across boundaries of han member organizations.
a community advisory board was convened to guide establishment of the biobank and identify key deliverables from the research project and for the community.
the goals of earlier diagnosis and individualized treatment of bipolar disorder were endorsed.
this paper provides a systematic review of current research findings using exergaming as a treatment for improving cognition and dual-task function in older adults.
a literature search was conducted to collect exergaming intervention studies that were either randomized controlled or uncontrolled studies.
current evidence supports that exergaming improves cognitive function and dual-task function , which potentially leads to fall prevention.
further studies should include traditional exercise as a control group to identify these potential , additional benefits.
background : the typical changes to hair associated with ageing are greying , thinning , dryness and brittleness.
research on the influence of ageing on hair properties will enable a detailed understanding of the natural ageing process.
methods : the studies were carried out using an sem ( scanning electron microscope ) , a triboindenter and an artificial finger.
three characteristic features of tactile perception that could reflect the perceptual dimensions of the fineness , roughness and slipperiness of hair were extracted.
the influences of ageing on the diameter , surface topography , nanomechanical properties and tactile perception of hair were determined.
results : in the three age group hair samples , the children's group hair samples have the smallest diameter.
the hair cuticles in the children and young adult groups were relatively complete and less damaged than in the elderly group.
the hardness and elastic modulus of the young adult group's hair samples were higher than those in the elderly and children's groups.
for all groups , loss modulus e \ " was smaller than storage modulus e'.
ageing decreased the tactile perception of hair.
conclusion : ageing influences the diameter , surface topography , hardness , loss modulus , storage modulus and tactile perception of human hair.
while considerable research has targeted physical performance in older adults , less is known about the ability to rise from the floor among community-dwelling elders.
forty-eight subjects ( @percent@ ) demonstrated an initial roll with asymmetrical squat sequence when rising to stand.
forty-eight percent of the variance in rise time ( p < @number@ ) was attributed to tug velocity.
findings serve to enhance both functional performance assessment and floor rise interventions.
a minimum level of activity likely to improve sleep outcomes among older people has not previously been explored.
these results are consistent with the conclusion that current physical activity guidelines can support sleep quality in older adults.
we examined whether women who had regular jobs throughout life performed better cognitively than older adult housewives.
the sample comprised @number@ older adult brazilian women , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of whom had performed lifelong jobs.
based on our findings we suggest occupation of greater complexity is associated with better cognitive performance in women later in life.
objective : masticatory function is an important factor for preservation of general health.
this study was conducted to investigate the masticatory function and its determinants among a large sample of iranian adults.
methods : in a cross-sectional study among @number@ adults , masticatory function was investigated using a validated questionnaire.
lca and latent class regression ( lcr ) were applied to identify classes of masticatory function and its potential determinants , respectively.
in addition , multigroup lca was conducted based on gender and age categories.
results : in total , @time@ % and @percent@ of participants had poor and moderate masticatory function , respectively.
conclusion : the prevalence of poor masticatory function is high among iranian adults.
aging , male gender , low levels of physical activity , and smoking were found to be associated with poor masticatory function.
linear regression analysis was used to estimate the cross-sectional relationship among cortisol levels , brain volumes , and cognitive functioning , adjusting for covariates.
the smaller volumes were observed in all brain regions , but were significantly smaller in gray matter than in white matter regions.
poorer cognitive functioning across all domains was also associated with higher evening cortisol.
understanding these differential associations may aid in developing strategies to reduce the effects of axis dysfunction on late-life cognitive impairment.
thus all partners and structures involved in normal and abnormal telomere maintenance , protection and lengthening can be considered as potential anti-cancer therapeutic targets.
overall , the correlations to aix were better than to pwv , with correlations coefficients > 0.70 for eei , ai and b / a.
considering the level of repeatability and the correlations to tonometry , the overall best dpa parameters were eei , ai and b / a.
the two pansystolic time parameters , ejection time compensated ( etc ) by dpa and lvet by tonometry , showed a significant but weak correlation.
the only global parameter , ai , showed a high repeatability and the overall best correlations with aix and pwv.
results : the results confirmed previous works showing a detrimental effect of age on visuomotor learning.
however , when the effect of aging was controlled , the only significant correlation remaining was between the reversal adaptation magnitude and spatial working memory.
discussion : these results suggest that spatial working memory decline across aging could contribute to age-dependent deterioration in both visuomotor learning processes.
however , spatial working memory integrity seems to affect strategic learning decline even after controlling for aging.
physical performance was assessed with the short physical performance battery and self-reported mobility disability was evaluated at the 3- , 6- and 9-year follow-up.
mortality follow-up was assessed until the end of @number@
purpose : metabotropic glutamate receptor type @number@ ( mglur5 ) is a g protein-coupled receptor that has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological diseases.
the radiopharmaceutical [ ( @number@ ) c ] abp688 allows for in vivo quantification of mglur5 availability using positron emission tomography ( pet ) .
we developed an advanced partial volume correction ( pvc ) method using surface-based analysis in order to accurately estimate the regional variation of radioactivity.
bpnd was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model , with the cerebellum as the reference region.
surface-based and volume-based analyses were performed for @number@ cortical and subcortical regions of interest per hemisphere.
results : we found the highest [ ( @number@ ) c ] abp688 bpnd in the lateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices.
no sex effect was observed.
in this review we examine these diseases , some caused by mutations in the lmna gene , and their skin disease features.
background : the aim of this study is to report the 6-year incidence of age-related cataract in a population-based study.
design : the design used is a population-based cohort study.
subjects with glaucoma and corneal or retinal diseases were excluded.
main outcome measures : six-year incidence of visually significant cataract and associated risk factors data were collected.
incidence was higher in the rural cohort as compared with the urban cohort ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : a significant proportion of the population developed visually significant age-related cataract at @number@ years.
incident visually significant cataract was significantly greater for the rural cohort between @number@ and @number@ years old.
background : the st. george's respiratory questionnaire ( sgrq ) was a widely used tool to assess disease impact on patients with obstructive airways disease.
the psychometric properties of the sgrq were examined using rasch model analysis with a mixed rating scale and partial credit mode by winsteps software.
the level of matching between the item's difficulty and person's ability was analyzed by item-person targeting as well as ceiling and floor effects.
item-person maps were also examined for checking the location of the item's difficulty and person's measures along the same scale.
finally , the differential item functioning ( dif ) was examined to measure group equivalence associated with age and disease's severity.
results : each of the three domains ( symptom , activity , impact ) of the sgrq was found to be unidimensionality.
the person separation index ranged from @number@ ( symptom domain ) to @number@ ( activity domain ) .
there was a good targeting for the sgrq domains , except the impact domain ( @number@ ) .
the percentage of ceiling and floor effects were below @percent@ , except the ceiling effect in the impact domain ( @percent@ ) .
from item-person maps , gaps of location of item corresponded to patient's ability were identified.
the results have also showed that many items in sgrq revealed age or severity related dif.
conclusions : except the symptom domain of sgrq , the others have a reliabile internal consistency and a good hierarchical structure.
the results of rasch model analysis can highlight aspects for scale improvement , such as gap , duplicate items or scale responses.
there was some age or severity related dif indicating somewhat unstable across different characteristics of group.
irb no. : dmr94-irb-179.
unlabelled : early numerical proficiency lays the foundation for acquiring quantitative skills essential in today's technological society.
identification of cognitive and brain markers associated with long-term growth of children's basic numerical computation abilities is therefore of utmost importance.
previous attempts to relate brain structure and function to numerical competency have focused on behavioral measures from a single time point.
thus , little is known about the brain predictors of individual differences in growth trajectories of numerical abilities.
vtoc connectivity with posterior parietal , anterior temporal , and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices emerged as the most extensive network predicting individual gains in numerical abilities.
crucially , behavioral measures of mathematics , iq , working memory , and reading did not predict children's gains in numerical abilities.
significance statement : children show substantial individual differences in math abilities and ease of math learning.
early numerical abilities provide the foundation for future academic and professional success in an increasingly technological society.
understanding the early identification of poor math skills has therefore taken on great significance.
such electronic technologies could potentially benefit the growing population of patients with multiple chronic conditions ( mcc ) .
objective : our aim was to explore the perspectives of individuals with mcc using a semistructured interview study.
data were analyzed using grounded theory and thematic analysis.
recruitment and analysis took place iteratively until thematic saturation was reached.
results : interviews were conducted with @number@ patients and @number@ health care providers.
protein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in young and older people.
protein is the most satiating of the macronutrients in young.
it is not known how the effects of oral protein ingestion on energy intake , appetite , and gastric emptying are modified by age.
energy intake was suppressed by the protein compared with control ( p = @number@ ) .
appetite decreased in young , while it increased in older ( p < @number@ ) .
aims / hypothesis : biological ageing of the immune system , or immunosenescence , predicts poor health and increased mortality.
this study explored associations between glucose dysregulation and markers of immunosenescence in cmv ( + ) and cmv ( - ) individuals.
self-report and physical examination assessed anthropometric , sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
elevated em t cells were also positively associated with total cholesterol ( b = @number@ p < @number@ ) after applying similar adjustments.
no associations were observed in cmv ( - ) individuals.
however , senescence also contributes to the decline associated to aging and the development of several diseases.
nevertheless , over time , and particularly during old age , sasp might stimulate proliferation and premalignant cell transformation.
the multifunctional roles of sasp would depend on the cell type and their physiological nature.
recent evidence shows that iron induces the endocytosis of the iron transporter dimetal transporter @number@ ( dmt1 ) during intestinal absorption.
in this work , we investigated the participation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in the establishment of this response.
the initial decrease in dmt1 levels in the apical membrane induced by iron was followed at later times by increased levels of dmt1.
preincubation with the antioxidant n-acetyl-l-cysteine ( nac ) resulted in increased dmt1 at the apical membrane before and after addition of iron.
similarly , preincubation with the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide ( dmso ) resulted in the enhanced presence of dmt1 at the apical membrane.
the decrease of dmt1 levels at the apical membrane induced by iron was associated with decreased iron uptake rates.
a kinetic mathematical model based on operational rate constants of dmt1 endocytosis and exocytosis is proposed.
the model qualitatively captures the experimental observations and accurately describes the effect of iron , nac , and dmso on the apical distribution of dmt1.
background : adult t-cell leukemia ( atl ) is caused by human t-cell leukemia virus type @number@ ( htlv-1 ) infection.
however , there are no therapies to prevent atl development in high-risk asymptomatic carriers.
results : our data show that tarc-pe38 efficiently killed htlv-1-infected cell lines.
it also shrank htlv-1-associated solid tumors in an infected-cell-engrafted mouse model.
importantly , tarc-pe38 significantly reduced the pvls in pbmcs obtained from asymptomatic carriers.
we show that the cytotoxicity of tarc-pe38 is mediated by the expression of the proprotein convertase , furin.
objectives : to examine body mass index ( bmi ) trajectories with change in lean mass and physical function in old age.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : health , aging and body composition study.
measurements : a group-based trajectory model was used to determine bmi trajectories , the path a person's bmi followed over @number@ years.
multivariable linear regression was used to determine associations between trajectories and relative change in lean mass and physical function.
results : four bmi trajectories were identified for men and four for women.
although all demonstrated a decline in bmi , the rate of decline differed according to trajectory for women only.
no other associations were observed.
objectives : to determine whether infectious burden ( ib ) is associated with worse performance and decline on a battery of neuropsychological tests.
design : prospective cohort study ( northern manhattan study ( nomas ) ) .
setting : community.
measurements : samples used for ib data were collected at baseline.
two waves of neurocognitive assessments occurred during follow-up.
participants underwent a neuropsychological battery and had repeated testing ( mean time span @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the ibi was associated with cognitive decline in the memory domain , adjusting for demographic and vascular risk factors ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : a quantitative stroke risk-weighted measure of ib explained variability in baseline executive function performance and associated with decline in memory.
past exposure to common infections may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and warrants further study.
centenarians represent a rapidly growing population.
blood tests were performed on @number@ subjects of whom @number@ also had extended biomarker assessment.
as a reference group @number@ @number@ ± @number@.0-year old healthy subjects ( @number@ women , @number@ men ) were recruited.
the centenarians received follow-up phone calls.
fifty-two centenarians ( @number@ % ) survived ≥360 days.
our results indicate that functional measures , inflammatory markers , and endothelin-1 are predictors of 360-day survival in centenarians.
mitochondrial-derived peptides ( mdp ) are encoded by functional short open reading frames in the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) .
these include humanin , and the recently discovered mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12s rrna-c ( mots-c ) .
the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients is influenced by differences in their immune status.
an evaluation of immunocompetence before therapy may help to predict therapeutic success and guide the selection of appropriate regimens.
there are few studies directly comparing the comprehensive neuropathology of amnestic ( amci ) and nonamnestic ( namci ) mci.
results : thirty four subjects with amci and @number@ namci met study criteria.
subjects with amci were older at death ( @number@ vs. @number@ years of age , p = @number@ ) .
after adjusting for age at death , the only significant difference was greater densities of temporal lobe nfts within the amci group.
other regional pathology scores for plaques , nfts , and lbs were similar between groups.
conclusions : no single pathologic entity strongly dichotomized mci groups , perhaps due to the pathologic heterogeneity found within both entities.
however , these data suggest the possibility for namci to have a propensity for increased lbs and amci for increased nfts in select anatomic regions.
the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status ( rbans ) has become a popular cognitive screening instrument , particularly in elderly patients.
however , regression-based normative formulae that simultaneously correct for all demographic variables may be more sensitive for detecting late life cognitive decline.
using data from the prior studies , linear regression was used to generate such formulae in the indexes and subtests of the rbans.
results indicated that ∼11% of the variance of index scores was accounted for by these demographic variables , and @percent@ of variance in subtest scores.
normative data adjusted for age were reported in american healthy individuals older than @number@
we aimed to report the psychometric characteristics of a spanish version of fname ( s-fname ) when administered to spanish-speaking people.
we sought to investigate convergent validity of s-fname with another memory measure and to identify which demographic characteristics might be associated with performance on s-fname.
we administered the s-fname to @number@ literate , cognitively normal , spanish individuals older than @number@ years from the memory clinic fundació ace.
construct validity of s-fname showed @number@ components : face-name and face-occupation.
a significant correlation between s-fname and word list from the wms-iii supported convergent validity.
the s-fname was also associated with age and gender.
thus , we provide normative data for age and gender.
the klotho gene , identified as an ' aging suppressor ' gene , encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein.
the extracellular domain of klotho is cleaved and released in the blood stream , where it may function as a vasculoprotective hormone.
we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum klotho levels and early atherosclerotic predictors , including eft , fmd and cimt in healthy adults.
fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study , consisting of @number@ males and @number@ females with median age of @number@ years.
they were free of known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
serum klotho levels were determined by the elisa method.
eft was measured by transthoracic echocardiography , and cimt and fmd were measured with standard procedures.
thus , the low serum klotho levels were associated with increased eft and cimt and with the decreased fmd in the study population.
we propose that the lower serum klotho level is a newly identified predictor of atherosclerosis.
purpose : to investigated the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane ( erm ) .
results : erms were observed in @number@ eyes ( @percent@ ) and @number@ eyes ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed as idiopathic erm.
idiopathic erm was significantly associated with age , but not with gender , best-corrected visual acuity after cataract surgery or diabetes.
only @number@ percent of idiopathic erm patients had subjective symptoms detected by the amsler chart.
conclusions : the prevalence of erm was @percent@ and of idiopathic erm @percent@.
the most prevalent risk factor of idiopathic erm was aging.
background : to compare life span of persons with and without ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pes ) .
methods : the study is based on an epidemiological survey conducted in sør-trøndelag county , norway , in 1985-86.
all inhabitants over @number@ years of age ( @number@ individuals ) were invited.
mortality information was obtained from the norwegian institute of public health in @number@ by which time @percent@ of the participants were deceased.
results : when adjusting for age and gender , life span was not statistically different in persons with and without pes.
following the diagnosis of pes , patients ' survival was up to , and beyond , @number@ years.
the present study supports the notion that systemic pes is not a life-threatening condition.
er positive tumors scored by citizen scientists were associated with survival in a similar way to that scored by trained pathologists.
interpretation : crowdsourcing of the general public to classify cancer pathology data for research is viable , engages the public and provides accurate er data.
crowdsourced classification of research data may offer a valid solution to problems of throughput requiring human input.
background : accelerated telomere shortening may cause cancer via chromosomal instability , making it a potentially useful biomarker.
however , publications on blood telomere length ( btl ) and cancer are inconsistent.
we prospectively examined btl measures over time and cancer incidence.
methods : we included @number@ normative aging study participants with 1-4 btl measurements from @number@ to @number@
interpretation : age-related btl attrition was faster in cancer cases but their age-adjusted btl attrition began decelerating as diagnosis approached.
this may explain prior inconsistencies and help develop btl as a cancer detection biomarker.
surrogates of whole-brain white matter ( wm ) networks reconstructed using diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) are novel markers of structural brain connectivity.
global connectivity of networks has been found impaired in clinical alzheimer's disease ( ad ) compared to cognitively healthy aging.
we hypothesized that network alterations are detectable already in preclinical ad and investigated major global wm network properties.
other structural markers of neurodegeneration typically affected in prodromal ad but seeming largely unimpaired in preclinical ad were also examined.
wm networks were reconstructed from dti using tractography and graph theory.
additionally , we measured surrogates of global wm integrity ( fractional anisotropy , mean diffusivity , volume ) .
we found an increase of shortest path length and a decrease of global efficiency in preclinical ad.
these results remained largely unchanged when controlling for wm integrity.
in contrast , neither markers of neurodegeneration nor wm integrity were altered in preclinical ad subjects.
our results suggest an impairment of wm networks in preclinical ad that is detectable while other structural imaging markers do not yet indicate incipient neurodegeneration.
moreover , these findings are specific to wm networks and cannot be explained by other surrogates of global wm integrity.
cell-to-cell variability in receptor expression leads to the formation of complex nk cell repertoires.
this process is completed in young adults , and in the majority of individuals , kir / nkg2a repertoires remain remarkably stable until old age.
we introduce statistical methods for predicting the types of human activity at sub-second resolution using triaxial accelerometry data.
the major innovation is that we use labeled activity data from some subjects to predict the activity labels of other subjects.
to achieve this , we normalize the data across subjects by matching the standing up and lying down portions of triaxial accelerometry data.
we also normalize the data at the device level to ensure that the magnitude of the signal at rest is similar across devices.
prediction results based on other people's labeled dictionaries of activity performed almost as well as those obtained using their own labeled dictionaries.
these findings indicate that prediction of activity types for data collected during natural activities of daily living may actually be possible.
objective : to know the prevalence and etiology of oral and maxillofacial trauma in elders.
methods : analytical quantitative cross-sectional study conducted at a public trauma hospital located in fortaleza-ceará , brazil.
the study population comprised patients with trauma who were hospitalized from april to @date@ .
of these patients , patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma were chosen to be included in the research.
results : of the @number@ elderly hospitalized with trauma , @number@ had oral and maxillofacial trauma , with a prevalence of @percent@.
in this group , the age ranged from @number@ to @number@ years , with a mean age of @number@ years ( sd± @number@ ) .
the main causes of trauma were physical aggression , traffic accidents , falls and domestic accidents.
conclusion : medication underuse was associated with frailty and adverse non-cardiovascular clinical outcomes.
this may suggest that cardiovascular drugs were withheld because of serious co-morbidity or that concurrent illness can preclude benefit from cardiovascular prevention.
in the latter case , adapted prescribing criteria should be developed and evaluated in those patients.
visual analysis of real-life scenes starts with the parallel extraction of different visual elementary features at different spatial frequencies.
the present fmri study investigates the effect of age on the spatial frequency processing in scenes.
young and elderly participants performed a categorization task ( indoor vs. outdoor ) on lsf and hsf scenes.
behavioral results revealed performance degradation for elderly participants only when categorizing hsf scenes.
comparison between groups revealed greater activation of the right inferior occipital gyrus in young participants than in elderly participants for hsf.
activation of temporo-parietal regions was greater in elderly participants irrespective of spatial frequencies.
age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength are risk factors for sarcopenia , osteoporosis , falls , fractures , frailty , and mortality.
we compared our findings with those of age and protein intake.
endpoints were calculated by quintile of mg and adjusted for relevant confounders.
compared with protein , these positive associations were @number@ times greater for ffm% and @number@ times greater for lep.
no association was found between mg and grip strength.
our results suggest that dietary magnesium may aid conservation of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and power in women of all ages.
results : baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.
conclusions and relevance : the rate of major complications was significantly higher in canada following tka , but there was no significant difference following tha.
low vitamin e status has been linked to multiple health outcomes , including total mortality.
only @percent@ of the us population is clinically deficient.
the prevalence of inadequate vitamin e levels is significantly higher among non-users of dietary supplements.
with declining usage of vitamin e supplements , the population should be monitored for changes in vitamin e status and related health outcomes.
when hacat keratinocytes were exposed to rb3 prior to uv-b irradiation , rb3 exhibited suppressive activities on uv-b-induced ros , prommp-2 , and prommp-9 enhancements.
on the contrary , rb3 displayed enhancing activities on uv-b-reduced total gsh and sod activity levels.
rb3 could not interfere with cell viabilities in uv-b-irradiated hacat keratinocytes.
rb3 plays a protective role against uv-b-induced oxidative stress in human hacat keratinocytes , proposing its potential skin anti-photoaging properties.
subjects and methods : eighty-three high school students were enrolled in the study.
the game was designed and developed by a multidisciplinary team.
behavioral change theories were adopted to guide the design of the health messages.
participants were assessed about food frequency , healthy food knowledge , and the game's interest.
results : forty-seven subjects ( mean age , @number@.9±1.0 years ; @number@ percent males ) completed the study.
most of the participants found the game easy to use and clear in its content.
half of the participants found the game interesting.
conclusions : our study shows that \ "gustavo \ " is a promising tool for health education , in schools or in other environments.
limitations of the study and future directions are discussed.
setting : rotterdam ophthalmic institute , rotterdam , the netherlands.
design : review with retrospective cross-study analysis.
methods : a literature review was performed to identify relevant papers on straylight and pseudophakia with no patient comorbidities.
sixteen papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis.
the postoperative results were used to define the norm for straylight in pseudophakia.
straylight improvement after lens replacement was assessed by evaluation of preoperative and postoperative values.
the age effect was incorporated to determine a model for straylight improvement.
results : the mean postoperative straylight value derived from @number@ studies ( @number@ eyes ) was @number@ log units ± @number@ ( sd ) .
conclusion : a norm for straylight in the pseudophakic eye was developed that is considerably different from the previously published norm for the phakic eye.
the new pseudophakic norm can be used clinically to predict the straylight value after lens replacement and as a reference criterion for clinical studies.
no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
ovarian steroid cell tumors are very rare but potentially life-threatening neoplasms.
they represent less than @percent@ of all ovarian tumors , typically present in premenopausal women and frequently manifest with virilization.
signs of hyperandrogenism may appear in postmenopausal women due to tumorοus and non-tumorοus adrenal and ovarian causes as well due to the normal aging process.
in any case , steroid cell tumor should be suspected in postmenopausal women who present with rapid progressive androgen excess symptoms.
prostate cancer ( pca ) is a common illness for aging males.
lycopene has been identified as an antioxidant agent with potential anticancer properties.
studies investigating the relation between lycopene and pca risk have produced inconsistent results.
this study aims to determine dietary lycopene consumption / circulating concentration and any potential dose-response associations with the risk of pca.
the stata ( version @number@ ) was applied to process the dose-response meta-analysis.
the linear and nonlinear dose-response relations were evaluated with data from categories of lycopene consumption / circulating concentrations.
twenty-six studies were included with @number@ cases of pca reported from @number@ participants.
consistently , higher circulating lycopene levels significantly reduced the risk of pca.
in conclusion , our novel data demonstrates that higher lycopene consumption / circulating concentration is associated with a lower risk of pca.
mybpc1 missense mutations are linked to the development of distal arthrogryposis-1 ( da-1 ) .
although structure-function details for this myopathy are evolving , function is undoubtedly driven by sequence variations and post-translational modifications in smybp-c.
herein , we examined the phosphorylation profile of smybp-c in mouse and human fast-twitch skeletal muscles.
our results indicate both constitutive and differential phosphorylation of smybp-c in aged and diseased muscles.
dna damage causally contributes to aging and cancer.
congenital defects in nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) lead to distinct cancer-prone and premature aging syndromes.
the genetics of ner mutations have provided important insights into the distinct consequences of genome instability.
recent work in mice and c. elegans has shed new light on the mechanisms through which developing and aging animals respond to persistent dna damage.
longevity assurance mechanisms might thus delay dna damage-driven aging by raising the threshold when accumulating dna damage becomes detrimental for physiological tissue functioning.
declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength are major contributors to increased mortality , morbidity and reduced quality of life in older people.
recommended dietary allowances / intakes have failed to adequately consider the protein requirements of the elderly with respect to function.
the aim of this paper was to review definitions of optimal protein status and the evidence base for optimal dietary protein.
current recommended protein intakes for older people do not account for the compensatory loss of muscle mass that occurs on lower protein intakes.
older people have lower rates of protein synthesis and whole-body proteolysis in response to an anabolic stimulus ( food or resistance exercise ) .
recommendations for the level of adequate dietary intake of protein for older people should be informed by evidence derived from functional outcomes.
randomized controlled trials report a clear benefit of increased dietary protein on lean mass gain and leg strength , particularly when combined with resistance exercise.
epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases.
mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system have been described as two hallmarks of the ageing process.
additionally , both systems have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many age-related diseases , particularly neurodegenerative disorders , such as alzheimer's and parkinson's disease.
furthermore , we provide a hypothetical model for the heterogeneity described among individuals during ageing.
human ageing affects the immune system resulting in an overall decline in immunocompetence.
we studied age-related changes in dna methylation and gene expression in cd4 + and cd8 + t cells from younger and older individuals.
the majority of age-related hypermethylated sites were located at cpg islands of silent genes and enriched for repressive histone marks.
our results thus suggest the link between age-related epigenetic changes and impaired t cell function.
background and objectives : lifetime risk estimates of ckd can be used effectively in public education campaigns.
results : mean follow-up was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years.
of the study participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed the outcome and @number@ ( @percent@ ) died first.
risk was higher in individuals with a lower egfr , hypertension , and a higher body mass index.
estimates are lower than reported using single estimates of gfr , emphasizing the importance of confirming estimates of reduced gfr in studies of ckd.
objective : delirium superimposed on dementia is common and potentially distressing for patients , caregivers , and health care staff.
overall , at both t0 and t1 , the distress level was moderate among caregivers and mild among health care staff.
the qualitative evaluation identified important categories of caregivers ' and staff feelings related to the delirium experience.
conclusions : this study provides information on the implication of the experience of delirium on caregivers and staff.
the hippocampus is composed of distinct subfields : the four cornu ammonis areas ( ca1-ca4 ) , dentate gyrus ( dg ) , and subiculum.
however , the associations between age and subfield volumes across the entire lifespan are unknown.
the magnitude of age differences in volume varied among the regions.
combined ca1-2 volume evidenced a negative linear association with age.
in contrast , the associations between age and volumes of ca3-dg and the entorhinal cortex were negative in mid-childhood and attenuated in later adulthood.
volume of the subiculum was unrelated to age.
background : ageing is a multifaceted and inevitable process involving a decline in health and well-being that could be ameliorated by dietary modification.
we review and discuss the evidence for nutritional interventions that may support healthy ageing.
this could involve the judicious use of supplements alongside dietary advice.
additional research is needed to determine optimal nutrient doses , combinations and forms in relation to desired health outcomes.
soccer is the most popular sport in the world.
soccer players are at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impact when heading the ball.
whether this leads to long-term alterations of the brain's structure associated with cognitive decline remains unknown.
the aim of this study was to evaluate cortical thickness in former professional soccer players using high-resolution structural mr imaging.
fifteen male , age-matched former professional non-contact sport athletes ( mean age @number@ [ sd @number@ ] years ) served as controls.
group analyses of cortical thickness were performed using voxel-based statistics.
soccer players demonstrated greater cortical thinning with increasing age compared to controls in the right inferolateral-parietal , temporal , and occipital cortex.
cortical thinning was associated with lower cognitive performance as well as with estimated exposure to repetitive subconcussive head impact.
neurocognitive evaluation revealed decreased memory performance in the soccer players compared to controls.
objectives : to investigate the psychometric properties of the geriatric suicide ideation scale ( gsis ) among community-residing older adults.
results : the gsis demonstrated strong test-retest reliability and internal consistency.
gsis scores significantly differentiated between participants with as compared to those without a history of suicide behavior.
baseline gsis scores significantly predicted suicide ideation at a 2 + year follow-up assessment.
conclusion : findings suggest strong measurement characteristics for the gsis with community-residing older adults , including impressive consistency over time.
these results are consistent with research attesting to the empirical and pragmatic strengths of this measure.
these findings have implications for the monitoring of suicide risk when aiming to enhance mental health and well-being and prevent suicide in later life.
however , modern lifestyle and advances in technology have increased the percentage of individuals working in phases misaligned with natural circadian activity rhythms.
cognitive performance and memory are significantly diminished when occurring out of phase with natural circadian rhythms.
disruptions in circadian regulation can lead to impairment in the formation of memories and manifestation of other cognitive deficits.
the p16ink4a positive epidermal cells ( identified as primarily melanocytes ) were also significantly associated with more facial wrinkles and a higher perceived age.
the present study aims to evaluate the mutations in mtdna from dentin and pulp and their relation with age.
healthy erupted third molars were extracted from individuals from two spanish populations , aged 20-70.
a difference in mtdna damage between these two populations was also detected , indicating the role of ancestry as a component.
participants were aged 50-88 at the first of six waves of testing covering a 19-year follow-up period ; @percent@ participated in at least three waves.
results : model comparisons indicated dynamic coupling relationships between balance and fine motor factors and the speed cognitive factor.
decline in motor function precedes decline in performance on processing speed tasks , even though the motor function tasks were not timed.
results indicated possible bidirectional coupling between fine motor and speed.
monocytes are mediators of the inflammatory response and include three subsets : classical , intermediate , and nonclassical.
similar results were obtained both for the intermediate and nonclassical subsets and in vitro.
polyfunctionality was higher in the elderly adults.
the functionality ex vivo was strongly associated with soluble inflammatory markers.
the activation phenotype was independently associated with the anti-cytomegalovirus igg levels and with functional and cognitive decline.
these data demonstrate that monocytes are key cell candidates for the source of the high soluble inflammatory levels.
our findings suggest that cytomegalovirus infection might be a driving force in the activation of monocytes and is associated with the functional and cognitive decline.
this is contrary to case-control studies , and may introduce sample or ascertainment bias.
statistical efficiency is affected by ascertainment bias , and careful adjustment can lead to substantial improvements in statistical power.
with extensive simulation studies , we showed that the proposed method performed better than the existing methods , particularly for diseases with large heritability.
results : we applied the proposed method to the genome-wide association analysis of alzheimer's disease.
four significant associations with the proposed method were found.
conclusion : our significant findings illustrated the practical importance of this new analysis method.
objective : metabolically healthy obesity possibly reflects a transitional stage before the onset of metabolic dysfunction , but few studies have characterised this transition.
we examined the behavioural and biological characteristics of healthy obese adults that progressed to an unhealthy state over @number@ years follow-up.
methods : participants were @number@ men and women ( aged @number@.3±7.7 years , @percent@ men ) from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
obesity was defined as bmi ≥30 kg / m ( @number@ ) .
conclusion : these data show that a healthy obesity phenotype is relatively unstable.
transition to an unhealthy state is characterised by multiple biological changes that are not fully explained by lifestyle risk factors.
methods : this qualitative study examined perspectives of irb members in botswana about the collection and use of biospecimens in research.
forty-one irb members representing five committees in botswana participated in discussions groups in @date@ .
engagement with local stakeholders is needed to harmonize fundamentally different ways of understanding the human body and community identity with the aims of contemporary biomedicine.
background : recent studies suggest potential associations between childhood adversity and chronic inflammation at older ages.
results : participants from canadian cities have less adverse childhood conditions and better childhood self-reported health.
inflammation was lower in the canadian cities than in manizales and natal.
significant associations were found between hscrp and childhood social adversity in the canadian but not in the latin american samples.
no associations were observed between hscrp and childhood poor health or childhood economic adversity.
conclusions : inflammation was higher in older participants living in the latin american cities compared with their canadian counterparts.
selective survival could possibly explain the lack of association between social adversity and hscrp in the latin american samples.
background : traditionally , non-communicable diseases including musculoskeletal disorders have not been a priority in low-and-middle income countries.
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , the world health organization conducted a nationwide study on ageing ( sage ) and adult health in ghana.
the study employed a multistage cluster sampling strategy to identify participants by stratifying the population by age and setting.
a structured questionnaire was used for data collection.
a poisson regression model was fitted with robust error variance.
prevalence estimates took into account the complex survey design and sampling weights.
statistical significance was considered at p ≤ @number@ significance level.
statistical analysis was performed with stata version @number@
results : the prevalence rates of chronic back pain and chronic arthritis / joints pain were higher in women than men.
the overall crude prevalence's rates were @number@ and @percent@ for chronic back pain and chronic arthritis / joints pain respectively.
substantial differences existed between men and women in terms of socio-economic status , education level and occupational status.
residence ( rural and urban ) did not appear to influence the prevalence of chronic back pain and arthritis / joints pain.
thick and / or long synovial folds were often evident in the ct joint.
the synovial tissue usually contained cd68-positive macrophages , but the positive cells were often restricted to certain parts of the tissue.
factor viii-positive capillaries were present but few in number , and cd3- or igm-positive lymphocytes were absent in the synovial tissue.
degenerative changes in the joint cartilage , such as roughness or thinning , were often present , but no cartilage defects were evident.
background : sarcopenia has been accepted as a new geriatric syndrome , which will become a common and important public health challenge.
and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( aceis ) have been shown to improve exercise capacity in elderly without heart failure.
objectives : to evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( aceis ) on physical function in elderly.
data sources : the cochrane library , pubmed , embase and web of science were searched.
study appraisal and synthesis methods : risk of bias was systematically assessed by using the cochrane risk of bias tool.
limitations : there exists only @number@ rcts and the number of participants is limited.
pooling of data were from different trials including different participant characteristics.
and intervention is not strictly consistent.
the main aim in the treatment of orthogeriatric patients who suffered from a proximal femoral fracture is the preservation of function and independency.
given the high prevalence of comorbidities in these patients , interdisciplinary and interprofessional approaches are required.
the use of modern osteosynthesis procedures can provide an improved , individualized surgical treatment with early full weight bearing of the affected extremity.
another aspect is the accompanying geriatric treatment which is associated with a significant reduction of perioperative and postoperative complications.
in addition to acute treatment , the organization of secondary fracture prevention is a crucial pillar of treatment.
this article provides an overview of the essential elements of orthogeriatric trauma surgery in elderly patients following proximal femoral fractures.
a generalized linear model ( extended by generalized estimating equations ) was used to assess sex- and age-related differences.
results : mean hr at rest was higher in women than in men ( p = @number@ ) .
we found no significant impact of sex on orthostatic changes of hr and bp.
mean tpr during hut increased with age ( p = @number@ ) , particularly in older women.
during this past decade , the vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) pathway has been extensively studied.
the latter form of molecular regulation is probably the least studied.
recently a new level of complexity was added to the field of splicing of vegf pre-mrna.
this review focuses on the existence of the different alternative splice variants of vegf and the molecular mechanisms associated with their expression and function.
objective : the present study examined the effects of caregiving stress and ageing on neutrophil function in young and older individuals.
age- and gender-matched controls were also assessed.
overall , neutrophil function was preserved in caregivers with neutrophil phagocytosis compromised only in those with the highest levels of distress.
this suggests that , in future studies , more attention should be paid to individual differences among caregivers rather than caregiving status per se.
statement of contribution : what is already known on this subject ?
ageing is accompanied by the decrease in innate and adaptive immunity , termed immunosenescence.
caregiving stress has been shown to exert negative effect on immune function in both young and old.
what does this study add ?
the study examined effect of caregiving and ageing simultaneously in four groups of participants.
neutrophil function and stress hormone levels were preserved in the stressed in both age groups.
those with higher psychological morbidity had poorer neutrophil phagocytosis.
unlabelled : mesenchymal stromal cells ( mscs ) have been investigated as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases because of their immunomodulatory and reparative properties.
however , many basic questions concerning their mechanisms of action after systemic infusion remain unanswered.
both patients received 2×10 ( @number@ ) cells per kilogram , and each subsequently improved with resolution of respiratory , hemodynamic , and multiorgan failure.
some of these in vitro potency assessments correlated with , and were relevant to , the observed in vivo actions.
the findings also suggest , but do not prove , a beneficial effect of lung protective strategies using adoptively transferred mscs in ards.
appropriate randomized clinical trials are required to further assess any potential clinical efficacy and investigate the effects on in vivo inflammation.
these last two variables influenced the perception of quality of life directly , the former positively and the latter negatively.
the main outcome suggests that the perception of social support improves explicit memory and quality of life and reduces depression in active older adults.
the effect of aging on brain asymmetry was studied under consideration of possible confounding effects of known age-related decline in higher cognitive functioning.
laterality , reflected as right-ear preference for dichotic stimuli , was found to be increased in older age ( above @number@ years ) .
this effect was due to a reduced report of left-ear stimuli , while the report of right-ear stimuli stayed on comparable levels across all ages.
the edt group was also required to answer cognitively challenging questions while doing beginner-level square-stepping exercise ( i.e. , dual-task training ) .
conclusions : a 26-wk group-based exercise program combined with dual-task training improved gcf in community-dwelling older adults without dementia.
a strong relationship between igf-1 and thymic ouput was evidenced.
igf-1 , a mediator of growth hormone ( gh ) , was subsequently shown to induce interleukin-7 secretion in cultured primary human thymic epithelial cells.
we are exploring the stress hypothesis in which an acute stressor is used as the discriminator of frailty susceptibility.
gh can counteract the deleterious immunosuppressive effects of stress-induced steroids.
dysfunction in fast-spiking , pv + interneurons might set a low threshold for impairment of fast network oscillations and thus higher brain functions.
frequent attenders were defined as patients with four or more visits during the study period.
the majority of frequent attender visits were appropriate ( @percent@ ) , and of these , @percent@ resulted in admission.
this represents a significant economic burden on the health care system.
conclusions : ed frequent attenders in singapore were associated with higher age and presence of multiple comorbidities rather than with social causes of ed use.
even in integrated health systems , repeat ed visits are frequent and expensive , despite minimal social causes of acute care.
eds in aging populations must anticipate the influx of vulnerable , elderly patients and have in place interventional programs to care for them.
design : exploratory analysis from a cluster-randomized , investigator-masked , controlled trial.
the main outcome of this analysis is uncorrected visual acuity after @number@ months , adjusted for baseline acuity.
conclusion : we found no evidence that spectacles promote decline in uncorrected vision with aging among children.
basigin / cd147 / emmprin is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein strongly expressed in tumours.
basigin controls tumour metabolism , particularly glycolysis by facilitating lactic acid export through the two monocarboxylate transporters mct1 and hypoxia-inducible mct4.
however , before being recognized as a co-carrier of mcts , basigin was described as an inducer of extracellular matrix metalloproteases ( mmps ) .
however , this model has remained hypothetical since a direct link between basigin and mmps production has not yet been clearly established.
our findings do not support the notion that the pro-tumoural action of basigin is mediated via induction of mmps.
therefore , we propose that to date , the strongest pro-tumoural action of basigin is mediated through the control of fermentative glycolysis.
the source of this chronic inflammation is due to the repeated and progressive activation of immune cells.
we measured several characteristics of copd in young and old mice ( @number@ and @number@ months of age ) exposed to cs for @number@ months.
the skin is often viewed as a static barrier that protects the body from the outside world.
emphasis on studying the skin's architecture and biomechanics in the context of restoring skin movement and function is often ignored.
this focus provides an alternative perspective and approach to addressing skin pathologies and skin ageing.
models were constructed adding race , depression , abuse , smoking , substance use , transactional sex , and comorbidities to determine whether predictability improved.
population attributable fractions were calculated.
conclusions : both depression and transactional sex significantly improved the performance of the vacs index in predicting mortality among hiv-infected women.
our study sample consisted of @number@ subjects with csf multi-analyte panel data and mri at baseline downloaded from adni.
we found that several proteins ( primarily cga and fabp ) were related to either brain atrophy or csf biomarkers.
future studies are warranted to establish the validity of these proteins as prognostic factors for cognitive decline.
the subset of proteins included fabp , cga , mmp-2 , and ppp as strong predictors in the model.
our findings suggest that the marker of panel of proteins identified here may be important candidates for improving the earlier detection of ad.
further targeted proteomic and longitudinal studies would be required to validate these findings with more generalisability.
arc was recorded by locsⅲ classification system.
the prevalence of cortical , nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract were assessed separately for the risk factors and its association with outdoor activity.
results : of all @number@ eligible participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) adults were diagnosed with arc.
the prevalence rates of cortical , nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract per person were @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
adults with high myopia had a higher prevalence of nuclear cataract than adults without that ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.055-6.062 ) .
outdoor activity was an independent risk factor of cortical cataract ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.004-1.083 ) .
the risk of cortical cataract increased @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.4%-8.3% ) when outdoor activity time increased every one hour.
furthermore , the risk of cortical cataract increased @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.1%-2.0% ) when cumulative uv-b exposure time increased every one year.
conclusion : outdoor activity was an independent risk factor for cortical cataract , but was not risk factor for nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract.
the risk of cortical cataract increased @percent@ when outdoor activity time increased every one hour.
in addition , the risk of cortical cataract increased @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.1%-2.0% ) when cumulative uv-b exposure time increased every one year.
however , long-term risks of puva are premature skin aging and development of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
we therefore evaluated a device for targeted uv therapy , which reduces irradiation of unaffected skin in mf patients.
methods : ten patients with patch- or plaque-type mf affecting less than @percent@ body surface area were included in a prospective study.
a total of @number@ lesions were treated with cream puva using the digital phototherapy device skintrek ( ® ) pt3.
results : seven of ten patients showed response to treatment.
adverse events were rare and of mild severity.
conclusions : this study is the first prospective trial demonstrating efficacy and safety of cream puva in mf patients.
background : microglia are involved in immune surveillance in intact brains and become activated in response to inflammation and neurodegeneration.
microglia have different functions , neuroprotective or neurotoxic , according to aging in patients with pd.
the clinical effect of microglia in patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is poorly defined.
this prospective study was conducted to investigate the clinical effects of microglia according to the aging process in newly diagnosed ad.
methods : we examined @number@ patients with newly diagnosed ad and @number@ healthy controls , and the differences in hs-crp between these groups were investigated.
results : there was significantly higher serum high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hs-crp ) , levels in patients with ad compared with healthy controls.
a post-hoc analysis of the @number@ ad subgroups showed no significant differences in serum hs-crp level between each group.
to clarify the role of microglia and aging in the pathogenesis of ad , future longitudinal studies involving a large cohort are required.
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is the result of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) .
cf-related diabetes affects @percent@ of adult cf patients.
how cftr deficiency predisposes to diabetes is unknown.
we compared δf508 mutant mice with wild-type ( wt ) littermates.
twelve-week-old male δf508 mutants had lower body weight , improved oral glucose tolerance , and a trend toward higher insulin tolerance.
hyperglycemic clamps confirmed an increase in insulin sensitivity with normal β-cell function in 12- and 18-week-old δf508 mutants.
this was not associated with gross pancreatic pathology.
we successfully monitored systemic inflammation in various tissues of the hil6-bac-luc mice using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system.
moreover , the luc activities correlated well with the disease severity.
nrf2 is a master transcription factor that regulates antioxidative and detoxification enzyme genes.
upon eae induction , the nrf2-deficient mice crossed with the hil6-bac-luc mice exhibited enhanced neurological symptoms concomitantly with robust luciferase luminescence in the neuronal tissue.
the developmental regulation of globin gene expression has shaped research efforts to establish therapeutic modalities for individuals affected with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia.
in the perinatal period , fetal hemoglobin is synthesized at high levels followed by a decline to adult levels by one year of age.
major repressor proteins that silence γ-globin during development have been targeted for gene therapy in β-hemoglobinopathies patients.
in parallel effort , several classes of pharmacological agents that induce fetal hemoglobin expression through molecular and cell signaling mechanisms have been identified.
the study included healthy individuals of 20-90 years of age.
participants were divided into subgroups based on their decade of life , and into subgroups of ≥65 or < 65 years.
serum cytokine levels were assayed by elisa , and crp using an immunoturbidimetric method.
serum crp levels were within the normal range for all subgroups.
serum cytokine levels were low.
other measured parameters did not differ between groups.
serum levels of il-6 , crp , and tnf-r1 were greater in participants ≥65 than < 65 years of age.
healthy older people showed low serum levels of crp and pro-inflammatory cytokines , but higher than in younger population.
therefore , the adjustment of normal ranges in the elderly should be considered.
serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines elevated beyond normal ranges indicate particular diseases.
the severity and extension of white matter abnormalities were expressed in a computed score.
consecutive iq assessments were available in @number@ patients.
we analyzed intra- and interindividual white matter alterations variations and their relationship with quality of biochemical control and cognitive outcome.
age and quality of dietary control before or between subsequent examinations showed an independent cumulative effect on white matter alterations outcome.
no significant association was found between white matter alterations and cognitive outcome.
a remarkable interindividual variability was found and several patients disclosed incongruity between the trajectory of white matter alterations and biochemical control.
about @percent@ of white matter alterations variability remains unexplained by the disease-associated determinants.
retinal pigment epithelial cells as well as choroidal melanocytes ( cm ) possess melanin granules.
these obvious changes in the cm are likely to make the choroid prone to damage by visible light.
as endothelial dysfunction is associated with preeclampsia , we assessed retinal flicker response during pregnancy and postpartum.
women with normal pregnancy were matched for age , nulliparity , smoking , previous gestational hypertensive disorders , and family history of cardiovascular disease.
nonpregnant women were age-matched , nulliparous , nonsmoking , without family history of cardiovascular disease.
retinal vessel measurement using dynamic vessel analyzer consisted of 50-seconds baseline acquisition , followed by three 20-second flicker and 80-second relaxation periods.
flicker-induced dilatation was unchanged within the groups and throughout the study period.
mechanisms responsible for altered retinal flicker response in preeclampsia need to be clarified in further studies.
caring for older adults is a major function of emergency medical services ( ems ) .
traditional ems systems were designed to treat single acute conditions ; this approach contrasts with best practices for the care of frail older adults.
care might be improved by the early identification of those who are frail and at highest risk for adverse outcomes.
paramedics are well positioned to play an important role via a more thorough evaluation of frailty ( or vulnerability ) .
these findings may inform both pre-hospital and subsequent emergency department ( ed ) based decisions.
discerning between these groups is a challenge worthy of further inquiry.
paramedics are uniquely positioned to play a larger role in the care of our aging population.
improving paramedic education as it pertains to geriatrics is a critical next step.
the role of diet in extending lifespan and healthspan has been the subject of much research and debate.
our recent epidemiological and in vivo data suggest that carbohydrate quality can be a major determinant in prolonging eye health.
additionally , excessive carbohydrate intake can contribute to the exacerbation of many different diseases.
the metabolic diversity of the tissues that are affected by excessive carbohydrate intake suggests that dietary carbohydrate quality may affect cellular homeostasis.
background : increasing evidence shows that some cancers originate in utero.
results : a total of @number@ cancers were identified during 1943-2009.
no significant differences were observed between os and ss twins , neither for the sex-specific cancers nor for cancer at all sites.
furthermore , the study supports that twinning per se is not a risk factor of cancer.
an international expert panel was convened to deliberate the management of azole-resistant aspergillosis.
in culture-positive cases , in vitro susceptibility testing should always be performed if antifungal therapy is intended.
different patterns of resistance are seen , with multi-azole and pan-azole resistance more common than resistance to a single triazole.
in regions with environmental resistance rates of ≥10% , a voriconazole-echinocandin combination or l-amb were favoured as initial therapy.
intravenous therapy with either micafungin or l-amb given as either intermittent or continuous therapy was recommended for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis due to a pan-azole-resistant aspergillus.
the present study explores patterns of parity and disparity in the effect of filial responsibility on health-related evaluations and caregiving decisions.
participants who identified as white , black , hispanic , or asian / pacific islander read a vignette about an older man needing medical care.
a multigroup ( ethnicity ) path analysis was performed , and an intercept invariant multigroup model fits the data best.
the findings demonstrate that culture and ethnicity affect health evaluations and caregiving decision making.
background : the factorial survey ( fs ) method is increasingly used in the social sciences.
it is particularly suitable for studying decision situations that are difficult to assess empirically.
this article evaluates whether the fs method is suitable for studying decisions in gerontological research.
methods : the present article draws on data from the housing opportunities & mobility in the elderly study.
a total of @number@ respondents ( between @number@ and @number@ years ) were asked to make hypothetical relocation decisions.
results : no significant differences in response consistency were attributable to age , gender , education , or immigration background.
the personal relevance of the survey topic was positively related to response consistency in multiperson households.
these ipsc-mscs were capable of forming osteogenic structures in scaffolds and nanofibers.
methods : two ipsc-msc lines ( named as mrna-ipsc-msc-yl001 and lenti-ipsc-msc-a001 ) and one bm-msc line were used for the study.
a faster proliferative capability was seen in both ipsc-mscs lines compared to the bm-mscs.
the ipsc-mscs showed adequate capacity of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis compared to the bm-mscs , while less adipogenic potential was found in the ipsc-mscs.
conclusions : the mscs derived from human ipscs with our method have advanced proliferation capability and adequate osteogenic and chondrogenic properties compared to bm-mscs.
objective : the advantages of empowering direct care workers ( dcws ) within nursing homes ( nhs ) are well documented.
our objective is to identify factors that create dcw empowerment as this has not received adequate attention.
method : the data come from a larger study focused on the empowerment of dcws in nhs.
a self-administered instrument was completed by @number@ dcws within @number@ nhs in the north texas region.
cluster analysis and ordinary least squares ( ols ) regression were performed.
organizational characteristics of importance include linking wages to dcw performance and providing an accessible training program.
objective : delirium superimposed on dementia is common and is associated with adverse outcomes.
yet little is known about the patients ' personal delirium experiences.
we used quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the delirium superimposed on dementia experience among older patients.
methods : we conducted a prospective cohort study among patients with delirium superimposed on dementia who were admitted to a rehabilitation ward.
delirium was diagnosed using dsm-iv-tr criteria.
delirium severity and symptoms were evaluated with the delirium-o-meter ( d-o-m ) .
level of distress was measured with the delirium experience questionnaire.
results : of the @number@ patients included in the study , @percent@ had mild dementia ; @percent@ and @percent@ had moderate and severe dementia.
half of the patients had evidence of the full range of d-o-m delirium symptoms.
we evaluated @number@ patients at t0 and @number@ at t1.
patients reported high distress related to memories of anxiety / fear , delusions , restlessness , hypokinesia , and impaired orientation.
conclusions : the study provides novel information on the delirium experience in patients with dementia.
these findings are the key for health care providers to improve the everyday care of this important group of frail older patients.
the hippocampus is crucial for long-term episodic memory and learning.
it undergoes structural change in aging and is sensitive to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
mrs studies have seldom been performed in the hippocampus due to technical challenges.
high-quality spectra were obtained , which allowed a reliable quantification of @number@ metabolites including glutamate and glutamine.
reproducibility of mrs was evaluated with coefficient of variation , standard errors of measurement , and intraclass correlation coefficients.
all of these measures showed improvement with increased number of averages.
a reliable and reproducible neurochemical profile of the human hippocampus was obtained using mrs at @number@ t in a small hippocampal volume.
the most distinctive interaction effect of age and gender was found in me out of the four fcc measures.
lastly , hand and its related interactions were not found significant.
conclusion : normative fcc data were established for four age groups ( 20s~40s , 50s , 60s , and 70s ) and gender.
our methodology should be broadly applicable for epigenomic comparisons and provides a powerful new tool for studying chromatin state differences at the genome scale.
methods : data were derived from all available survey waves of the international tobacco control ( itc ) europe surveys ( 2003-2013 ) .
generalized estimating equation ( gee ) models were estimated for each country.
results : cigarette price was mentioned most often in all countries and across all waves as trigger for thinking about quitting.
the education and income differences did not change significantly over time for most policies and in most countries.
however , little is known about the underlying neuronal integrity of the semantic network in normal aging.
young and older healthy adults carried out a semantic judgment task while their cortical activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography ( meg ) .
purpose : does lumbar fusion lead to accelerated adjacent segment disc degeneration ( asdd ) or is it explained by genetics and aging ?
the influence of genetics on asdd remains to be explored.
this study assesses whether the disc space height adjacent to a fused segment is associated with candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) .
disc space height was measured using a validated computer-assisted distortion-compensated roentgen analysis technique and reported in standard deviations from normal values.
age ( p < @number@ ) and fusion ( p < @number@ ) were also significant variables in each analysis.
conclusions : age was the most significant determinant of adjacent segment disc space height followed by genetic factors , specifically inflammatory genes.
fusion explained a statistically significant but small proportion of the total variance.
much of the variance remained to be explained.
aims : type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) is associated with cognitive impairment.
we examined whether undiagnosed cognitive impairment in t2dm-patients is associated with a reduced health status and depressive symptoms.
questionnaires assessing health status ( sf-36 , eq-5d , eq-vas ) and depressive symptoms ( ces-d ) were filled out.
health status and depressive symptoms were compared between patients with and without cognitive impairment.
eq-5d index and eq-vas scores were significantly lower in patients with cognitive impairment.
depression ( ces-d≥16 ) occurred almost twice as often in patients with cognitive impairment ( rr @number@ 95%-ci : @number@.1-3.0 ) .
conclusions : undiagnosed cognitive impairment in t2dm-patients is associated with a reduced health status and more depressive symptoms.
detection of cognitive impairment in t2dm-patients identifies a vulnerable patient group that could benefit from tailored treatment and care.
alzheimer disease is a multifactorial pathology and the development of new multitarget neuroprotective drugs is promising and attractive.
kinetic studies for the @number@ most active compounds indicated that majority of them were mixed-type bche inhibitors.
the main specific protein-ligand interaction is π-π stacking of phenothiazine ring with indole group of trp82.
aging is the primary risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases.
in addition to age , genetic and environmental risk factors have also been associated with disease development.
the primary reactive insults associated with the aging process are a result of oxidative stress ( os ) and nitrosative stress ( ns ) .
a critical pathway in this regard is the nrf2 ( nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor @number@ ) - antioxidant response element ( are ) pathway.
this review will focus on the role of nrf2 in these diseases and the potential for nrf2 activation to attenuate disease progression.
recent studies have found that de novo mtdna mutations are suppressed in the female germ line ; despite this , mtdna heteroplasmy is remarkably common.
the majority of cancer incidences and deaths occur in the elderly.
elderly patients are a heterogeneous population in terms of physical reserve , comorbidity , polypharmacy , and other geriatric conditions.
the elderly has been under-represented in clinical trials of cancer therapy , even in the era of targeted therapy.
however , some toxicities are concerned in the elderly such as arterial thromboembolism associated with the use of bevacizumab and cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab.
this article reviews the available evidence on the efficiency and toxicity of targeted therapy for solid tumors in the elderly.
malignant neoplasm preferentially occurs in the elderly.
there are several characteristic features such as tumor location , histology , biological behavior and pathway of carcinogenesis in malignant neoplasms occurring in the elderly.
multiple cancers increase with aging.
thus , we need a specific strategy for treatment for malignant neoplasms in the elderly.
frailty is a condition associated with ageing , co-morbidity and disability.
frailty was an elusive concept earlier despite efforts at consensus.
the syndrome of frailty describes older people at a higher risk for adverse health outcomes such as illnesses , hospitalisations , disability and mortality.
it can be identified by a multi-domain assessment of function.
interventions aimed at causative factors may help prevent conversion of frailty into disability.
large healthcare interventions and pharmacological trials are in progress.
s' / l ' genotype was characterized by higher beta @number@ rhythm power in elderly compared with young women.
these results demonstrate the difference in the neurophysiological mechanisms of age-related changes in brain activity which are associated with the polymorphism of 5-httlpr.
unlabelled : aim.
a control group consisted of @number@ healthy volunteers matched to the study group patients for age and gender.
serum fgf-23 concentrations and blood pressure ( bp ) were measured in the all subjects.
vascular circulation , pulse wave velocity , cardiac and vascular calcifications , and vascular functional properties were estimated.
as ckd progressed , the serum concentrations of klotho and sclerostin were inversely correlated with the levels of phosphorus and parathyroid hormone.
the degree of blood pressure elevation correlated positively with serum fgf-23 concentrations and inversely with klotho levels.
there was no significant correlation of the level of sclerostin with the degree of bp increase.
the direct correlation between higher fgf-23 level and higher vlm is most pronounced in hypertensive patients.
there was a strong direct relationship between fgf-23 and klotho levels and a strong inverse relationship between sclerostin levels and pulse wave velocity.
lower klotho concentrations were associated with the detection rate of calcifications in the heart valves and large arteries ( the abdominal aorta ) .
the reduced serum levels of klotho and sclerostin were also correlated with concentric lv remodeling.
more experimental and clinical studies are required to clarify the role of sclerostin in ckd.
the article gives a broad overview of the factors of cancer , presents biopsychosocial model of development of oncological diseases.
the program of medical and psychosocial care to patients with cancer with positions of personalized medicine was proposed.
we conducted an electronic search until @date@ on many electronic databases including online registries of ongoing trials.
investigators extracted data on study characteristics , outcome measures , and methodological quality.
we found thirteen rcts lasting 16-60 weeks and involving @number@ patients assessed for the primary endpoint ( reduction of hba1c from baseline ) .
there is no clinically relevant difference in the efficacy of basal-bolus versus premixed insulin regimens for hba1c decrease in type @number@ diabetic patients.
these findings may be helpful to adapt treatment to individual patient needs.
objectives : to examine the association between self-reported memory failures and incident dementia in individuals aged @number@ and older.
design : longitudinal , community based.
setting : betula prospective cohort study , a population-based study in umeå , sweden.
participants : individuals with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ ( range 60-90 ) ( n = @number@ ) .
participant self-reports of complaints of poor memory by family and friends were evaluated.
dementia status was followed-up for @number@ to @number@ years.
results : over the study period , @number@ participants developed dementia ( @number@ with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) ) .
conclusion : self-reported memory failure predicted future dementia or ad independent of objective memory performance.
conclusion : these results show that acute l-arg supplementation provides no ergogenic effect on blood flow and muscle performance in older women.
klotho is an anti-aging factor mainly produced by renal tubular epithelial cells ( tec ) with pleiotropic functions.
klotho is down-regulated in acute kidney injury in native kidney ; however , the modulation of klotho in kidney transplantation has not been investigated.
complement inhibition by c1-inhibitor preserved klotho expression in vivo by abrogating nuclear factor kappa b ( nf-kb ) signaling.
in accordance , complement anaphylotoxin c5a led to a significant down-regulation of klotho in tec in vitro that was nf-kb mediated.
quantification of serum klotho after @number@ years from transplantation demonstrated significant lower levels in dgf patients.
our data demonstrated that complement might be pivotal in the down-regulation of klotho in iri leading to a permanent deficiency after years from transplantation.
purpose : aging has severe implications for tissue damage and is a major risk factor for disease.
however , the effects of aging on cardiac extracellular matrix ( ecm ) components in individuals free of cardiovascular disease are incompletely understood.
we aimed at the characterization of the effects of aging on major ecm proteins in the heart of men and women.
therapeutic agents that target ecm homeostasis represent promising prevention strategies.
brief nutrition screening tools are desired for research and practice.
inferences were consistent with associations between these construct variables and the full screen-ii.
implementing this strategy requires a better understanding of genetic and non-genetic connections among aging , health , and longevity.
we review progress and problems in research areas whose development may contribute to analyses of such connections.
the action of compound @number@ as a pparβ / δ agonist was determined by reporter gene assay , immunostaining , and western blotting.
the results show that @number@ presented a marked enhancement of both nuclear protein levels and activity of pparβ / δ in fibroblasts.
in addition , @number@ prevented downregulation of pparβ / δ activity in aged rat skin and uvb-induced fibroblasts.
furthermore , @number@ increased the expressions of col1a1 , col3a1 , and tgf-β1 in vivo and in a cell culture system.
therefore , the present study shows that compound @number@ prevents collagen degradation in aged rat skin and uvb-exposed fibroblasts through pparβ / δ activation.
the therapeutic and cosmetic applications of compound @number@ need further investigation.
aging and increased amyloid burden are major risk factors for cognitive diseases such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
effective therapies for these diseases are lacking.
the results showed that young adults outperformed older adults in all recall tasks.
overall , these findings suggest that verbal and visuo-spatial components of wm underpin the processing of environmental information in both young and older adults.
the results are discussed in terms of age-related differences and according to the spatial cognition framework.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : outpatient hospital-based milan geriatrics 75 + cohort study.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
all analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and presence of comorbidities.
each 10-mmhg higher sbp and dbp was associated with a @number@.26- and @number@.55-point higher mmse score , respectively.
conclusion : higher bp is associated with better cognitive function in the oldest old and in those with impaired functional status.
pten is one of the most frequently mutated tumour suppressors and reduction in pten protein stability also plays a role in tumorigenesis.
although several ubiquitin ligases for pten have been identified , the deubiquitylase for de-polyubiquitylation and stabilization of pten is less defined.
here , we report otud3 as a deubiquitylase of pten.
otud3 interacts with , de-polyubiquitylates and stabilizes pten.
depletion of otud3 leads to the activation of akt signalling , induction of cellular transformation and cancer metastasis.
otud3 transgenic mice exhibit higher levels of the pten protein and are less prone to tumorigenesis.
reduction of otud3 expression , concomitant with decreased pten abundance , correlates with human breast cancer progression.
furthermore , we identified loss-of-function otud3 mutations in human cancers , which either abolish otud3 catalytic activity or attenuate the interaction with pten.
these findings demonstrate that otud3 is an essential regulator of pten and that the otud3-pten signalling axis plays a critical role in tumour suppression.
context : α-klotho has emerged as a powerful regulator of the aging process.
objective : this is the first study to characterize systemwide tissue expression of transmembrane α-klotho in humans.
kidney tissues showed strong α-klotho expression , whereas liver did not reveal a detectable signal.
these results were next confirmed by western blotting of both whole tissues and primary cells.
control tasks did not predict either aspect of well-being in either member of the dyad.
taken together , these findings highlight ef-and not simply cognition in general-as a potential determinant of well-being in oneself and one's partner among aging couples.
the current study used this framework to investigate age differences in description-based and experience-based decision-making tasks.
description-based tasks emphasize deliberative processing by allowing decision makers to analyze explicit descriptions of choice-reward information.
however , deliberative capacities were not associated with performance on the igt for either older or younger adults.
prior training and cognitive ability may impact practice and interval effects on real-world tasks.
the step model demonstrated consistent positive practice effects , negative interval effects , and predicted covariate effects.
age negatively moderated the beneficial effects of practice.
expertise did not interact with practice or interval.
results indicated that practice and interval effects occur in simulated flight tasks.
however , processing speed and iiv may influence these effects , even among high-functioning adults.
results have implications for the design and assessment of training interventions targeted at middle-aged and older adults for complex real-world tasks.
previous studies have been inconsistent with regard to identifying the association of androgens , namely total testosterone , with depressive symptoms.
general linear ( for testosterone ) and a generalized negative-binomial model ( for depressive symptoms ) for repeated measures were used for analysis.
in the post menopause total testosterone levels were significantly higher in african americans compared to caucasians ( p = 0.012 ) .
the association between concurrent testosterone levels and high depressive symptoms ( ces-d ≥16 ) differed by race ( p = 0.008 ) .
conclusion : in our cohort , testosterone levels were low but progressively increased from premenopause through post menopause.
age estimation from dna methylation markers has seen an exponential growth of interest , not in the least from forensic scientists.
this data was subsequently used to compare prediction accuracy with both linear and non-linear regression models.
no difference in accuracy was observed for samples obtained either from living and deceased individuals or between the @number@ genders.
cross validation of the results obtained from blood samples demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of the assay.
design : prospective study with dental examinations approximately every @number@ years over @number@ years.
setting : veterans affairs dental longitudinal study in greater boston , massachusetts , area.
participants : men aged @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
dietary information was obtained from food frequency questionnaires.
root-adjci was lower with greater adherence to recommendations for vegetables and total grains and greater with greater sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption.
root caries incidence rate did not vary significantly between quartiles.
conclusion : a higher-quality diet may reduce root caries risk in older men.
sexual dysfunction in women is a common and often distressing problem that has a negative impact on quality of life and medication compliance.
the problem is often multifactorial , necessitating a multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment approach that addresses biological , psychological , sociocultural , and relational factors.
criteria for sexual interest / arousal disorder require the presence of at least three specific symptoms lasting for at least six months.
lifelong anorgasmia may suggest the patient is unfamiliar or uncomfortable with self-stimulation or sexual communication with her partner.
delayed or less intense orgasms may be a natural process of aging due to decreased genital blood flow and dulled genital sensations.
treatment depends on the etiology.
estrogen is effective for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
bupropion has been shown to improve the adverse sexual effects associated with antidepressant use ; however , data are limited.
psychotherapy or sex therapy is useful for management of the psychological , relational , and sociocultural factors impacting a woman's sexual function.
clinicians can address many of these issues in addition to providing education and validating women's sexual health concerns.
wave1 interacts and colocalizes with app in the golgi apparatus.
experimentally reducing wave1 in n2a cells decreased the budding of app-containing vesicles and reduced cell-surface app , thereby reducing the production of aβ.
wave1 downregulation was observed in mouse models of ad.
reduction of wasf1 gene expression dramatically reduced aβ levels and restored memory deficits in a mouse model of ad.
at present , animal models play a key role in exploring and screening novel drugs designed to treat ed.
univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently related to fnbmd.
background : the lateral geniculate nucleus ( lgn ) is a key relay center of the visual system.
because the lgn morphology is affected by different diseases , it is of interest to analyze its morphology by segmentation.
however , existing lgn segmentation methods are non-automatic , inefficient and prone to experimenters ' bias.
new method : to address these problems , we proposed an automatic lgn segmentation algorithm based on t1-weighted imaging.
first , the prior information of lgn was used to create a prior mask.
then region growing was applied to delineate lgn.
in addition , lgn asymmetry as well as lgn atrophy along with age is observed in normal controls.
the investigation of glaucoma effects on lgn volumes demonstrates that the bilateral lgn volumes shrink in patients.
comparison with existing methods : the automatic lgn segmentation is objective , efficient , valid and applicable.
conclusions : experiment results proved the validity and applicability of the algorithm.
our method will speed up the research on visual system and greatly enhance studies of different vision-related diseases.
melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and successful treatment of metastatic melanoma remains challenging.
thus , there is a need to identify new targets to improve treatment of metastatic melanoma.
to this extent , we searched for markers that are elevated in melanoma and are under regulation of potentially druggable enzymes.
here , we show that the pro-proliferative transcription factor foxm1 is elevated and activated in malignant melanoma.
foxm1 activity correlated with expression of the enzyme pin1 , which we found to be indicative of a poor prognosis.
in functional experiments , pin1 proved to be a main regulator of foxm1 activity through mek-dependent physical regulation during the cell cycle.
importantly , cell-permeable pin1-foxm1-blocking peptides repressed the proliferation of melanoma cells in freshly isolated human metastatic melanoma ex vivo and in patient-derived melanoids.
these proof-of-concept results provide a starting point for development of therapeutic pin1-foxm1 inhibitors to target metastatic melanoma.
sixty-seven cyclists with a mean age of @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) and extensive international experience participated in the study.
model @number@ pertained to stage @number@ whereas model @number@ used data from the final stage.
the final model @number@ revealed a different relationship between recovery-stress factors and performance.
results : four hundred and sixty one participants completed this study.
serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d were significantly increased in group c , but not changed in groups a and b at 24-month follow-up.
the participants in group c maintained the grip strength , while those in groups a and b exhibited decreased grip strength at 24-month follow-up.
the quality of life for the participants in groups b and c remained consistent , but that in group a was deteriorated at 24-month follow-up.
neither baseline levels nor slopes of il-6 were related to cognitive impairment or hippocampal volume.
two hundred eighty-four consecutive ad patients were enrolled.
for each patient , fcrp score was calculated.
we did a 1-year follow-up to quantify the cognitive decline by recording changes in the clinical dementia rating score.
our findings show that fcrp can predict the progression of deterioration in ad patients.
this was particularly evident in patients with major genetic and atherosclerotic risk factors.
as of yet , relatively little is known about the role that asymmetries in exemplar-specificity play at the level of explicit memory retrieval.
in an incidental study phase , pictures of familiar objects were presented centrally.
purpose : to investigate the relationship between maximal dynamic strength and site-specific muscle mass of the thigh and upper arm.
results : alm index was not significantly different between age groups , but a significantly smaller site-specific mth thigh ratio was found in the og.
separated by age groups only alm index was correlated with ke : kf 1-rm ratio for the og ( r = 0·780 ) .
however , maximal dynamic strength ratios appear to be less sensitive to differences in site-specific mth ratios.
patients receive dual antiplatelet therapy ( dapt ) for 6-12 months after drug-eluting stents ( des ) implantation.
the efficacy and safety of prolonged dapt has been questioned.
therefore , we performed a meta-analysis on randomised trials comparing different dapt durations.
literature was searched on trials comparing different dapt durations.
for inclusion , reports must report frequency of cardiovascular and bleeding events.
ten trials were included.
dapt beyond @number@ months does not appear to alter the risk of stroke.
reproductive ageing in women is characterized by a decline in both the quantity and quality of oocytes.
the mean global age at natural menopause ( anm ) appears robust , suggesting a distinct genetic control.
accordingly , a strong correlation in anm is observed between mothers and daughters.
few specific genetic determinants of anm have been identified.
substantial efforts have been made to predict anm by using anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) levels.
amh serum concentrations at reproductive age predict anm , but precision is currently limited.
early anm is associated with early preceding fertility loss , whereas late menopause is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality later in life.
menopause affects various women's health aspects , including bone density , breast , the cardiovascular system , mood / cognitive function and sexual well-being.
if the current trend of increasing human life expectancy persists , women will soon spend half their life postmenopause.
unfortunately , increased longevity does not coincide with an equal increase in years spend in good health.
future research should focus on determinants of long term health effects of anm , and efforts to improve women's postmenopausal health and quality of life.
introduction : sarcoidosis is a multi-organ system granulomatous disease of unknown origin with an incidence of 1-40 / 100 , 000.
though pulmonary manifestations are predominant , ocular sarcoidosis ( os ) affects 25-50% of patients with sarcoidosis and can lead to blindness.
methods : a retrospective , single-center chart review of sarcoidosis cases investigated variables associated with the development of os.
inclusion criteria were biopsy-proven sarcoidosis , disease duration greater than @number@ year , documented smoking status on chart review and documentation of sarcoid-related eye disease.
multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for os.
results : of @number@ charts reviewed , @number@ patients met inclusion criteria.
male sex was significantly higher in the os group ( @percent@ versus @percent@ , p = 0.009 ) .
median duration of sarcoidosis was higher in the os group ( @number@ versus @number@ years , p = 0.031 ) .
conclusion : to date , there are few dedicated investigations of risk factors for os , especially smoking.
this investigation identified male sex , age , and tobacco exposure as independent risk factors for os.
total body fat and water percentages were determined via bioimpedance at @number@ khz.
this study investigated the age-related changes in muscle quantity and quality in the trunk and limbs of women.
a total of @number@ females were divided into four age groups : young , middle-aged , young-old and old-old.
there is intense controversy over whether low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets are more efficacious for weight management.
using precise methodology , hall et al.
objective : to investigate whether having an offspring protects against or increases the risk of depressive disorders.
methods : data from the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) from @number@ and @number@ was assessed using longitudinal data analysis.
we have included @number@ research subjects at baseline and estimated the prevalence of depressive disorders for those with children.
fathers are at lower risk for depressive disorder than mothers , and the graph was u-shaped.
background : during organismal aging , human t-cells shift towards less functional phenotypes , often called senescent cells.
results : elderly persons presented significantly higher proportions not only of cd28-cd57 + , but also of cd28 + cd57 + cells.
design : single-blind , cluster randomized trial.
setting : mow , forsyth county , north carolina.
participants : community-dwelling homebound adults aged @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
falls were assessed using monthly fall calendars , and rate of falls was estimated using negative binomial generalized estimating equation models.
retention and adherence were high ( > 90% ) .
further research is needed to validate the reduction in falls from this type of intervention.
three-dimensional t1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in @number@ lld and @number@ matched hospital controls and processed using freesurfer.
general linear model analysis was used as a statistical approach.
lld group had thinning in the left parahippocampal , fusiform , and inferior-parietal cortex compared with controls.
age correlated with cortical thinning in controls but not in lld.
women in the lod groups had extensive cortical thinning in the lateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally compared with eod women.
absence of statistically significant changes observed in men should however be treated with caution because of the low number of men in the study.
lld is associated with cortical thinning , which is associated with age at depression onset , gender , and level of cognitive functioning.
antibody responses to the vaccine strains were lower in the aged.
expression of btla inversely correlated with age and appears to be linked to shifting the nature of the response from igm to igg.
high btla expression on mature b cells was linked to higher igg responses to the h1n1 virus.
materials and methods : the proposed model simulated the trabecular changes for an age span of 32-80 years.
quantitative comparison was conducted in terms of bmd and other morphometric indices.
then , two radiologists scored the simulated trabecular architectures using the age-matched radiographs.
this protocol was approved by the hospital institutional review board.
conclusion : the proposed model could reflect the targeted trabecular changes in proximal femur with age.
with further follow-up measurements , this research would contribute to the development of patient-specific models that assist radiologists in predicting skeletal integrity with aging.
materials and methods : we retrospectively reviewed for rilf @number@ consecutive hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) patients treated with sequential chemo-radiotherapy ( cht-rt ) .
left , right , total lung and heart dose-volume and dose-mass parameters along with clinical , disease and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed.
ntcp modeling by multivariate logistic regression analysis using bootstrapping was performed.
models were evaluated by spearman rs coefficient and roc area.
results : at a median time of 13months , @number@ out of @number@ analyzable patients ( @percent@ ) developed rilf after treatment.
a three-variable predictive model resulted to be optimal for rilf.
conclusion : cht-rt may cause lung injury in a small , but significant fraction of hl patients.
our results suggest that aging along with both heart and lung irradiation plays a fundamental role in the risk of developing rilf.
telomere shortening in the kidney explains the impaired regenerative capacity , but may not drive the ageing phenotype itself.
functional parameters declined and age-related morphological changes increased in late generation terc ( - / - ) mice and with further age.
podocyte loss was only seen in old g4 terc ( - / - ) .
both , young and old late generation terc ( - / - ) , showed increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
previously , reither et al.
( @number@ ) demonstrated that hierarchical age-period-cohort ( hapc ) models perform well when basic assumptions are satisfied.
( @number@ ) .
new studies are identifying bbb-specific transport pathways that tightly regulate the entry and exit of molecules to and from the brain.
they are revealing a highly plastic barrier in which dynamic changes in bbb components like paracellular tight junction complexes can contribute to bbb maintenance.
further studies that are adequately powered and well-designed are warranted in an attempt to establish a causal relationship between vitamin d and frailty.
granger causality ( gc ) was used for analyzing the causal relationships between the lfos observed in abp , oxy-hemoglobin , and hr.
the amplitudes of the lfos were generally higher in young adults than in the elderly and increased significantly only in the younger subjects after hut.
gcs in fi-3 oscillations were significantly higher in young subjects compared to older participants in the hut state.
these results indicate that aging dampens systemic and cerebral hemodynamic regulatory mechanisms , and the interrelationships between systemic and cerebral hemodynamics become weaker with age.
this progress , along with advances in biotechnology , has rendered possible the development of ever more sophisticated treatments employing novel mechanisms of action.
currently available combinations of estrogens with selective estrogen receptor modulators moderately increase bmd without causing the extra-skeletal adverse effects of each compound alone.
the cathepsin k inhibitor odanacatib has recently been shown to decrease vertebral , non-vertebral , and hip fracture rates and is nearing approval.
according to the latest demographic forecast in poland is observed the progressive aging of the population with growing population of perimenopausal women.
this is a special time in woman's life , in which there are many metabolic changes , neurovegetative symptoms and mental changes.
all of them are connected with decreased concentration of sex hormones.
very important in this period are health behaviors , including healthy lifestyle , regular exercises and proper diet.
highly effective in removing menopausal symptoms is hormone replacement therapy.
it also prevents the effects of metabolic disorders.
this therapy is primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis , depression , alzheimer's and parkinson's disease and urogenital atrophy.
it also has to delay the process of aging.
it is therefore important to establish priorities for action and individualized therapy , depending on the indications and contraindications for its use.
background valve-in-valve ( viv ) procedures for degenerated bioprostheses are an alternative for the standard of care in an aging population.
no published case series for different valve positions exist regarding suitability of the new edwards sapien @number@ ( edwards lifesciences co. )
thv for this purpose.
especially , the increased stent height compared with the xt and the newly added polyethylene terephthalate cuff is of potential concern in viv interventions.
herein , we report six cases of viv procedures with the edwards sapien @number@ thv with a focus on technical considerations.
methods and results between @date@ and @date@ , six viv procedures with the edwards sapien @number@ thv were performed.
four implants were done in aortic , one in mitral , and one in tricuspid position.
all procedures were performed successfully without any complications.
fluoroscopy and echocardiography confirmed an adequate position and function without any paravalvular or transvalvular leakage or elevated transvalvular gradients in any case.
conclusion preliminary experience suggests , viv procedures with the edwards sapien @number@ thv are safe and reliable.
this was even the case in a mildly undersized thv when compared with the internal diameter of the surgical bioprosthesis.
the central radiopaque positioning marker and the fine adjustment wheel allow for accurate positioning within degenerated bioprostheses.
the increased stent height , compared with the sapien xt , led to no complications , especially in mitral position.
in bioprostheses without any fluoroscopic landmarks , a balloon valvuloplasty may be necessary to identify the appropriate deployment position.
we sought to determine the prognostic role of the cardiotonic steroids marinobufagenin ( mbg ) in hf , particularly in relation to long-term outcomes.
methods and results : we first measured plasma mbg levels and performed comprehensive clinical , laboratory , and echocardiographic assessment in @number@ patients with hf.
all-cause mortality , cardiac transplantation , and hf hospitalization were tracked for @number@ years.
in our study cohort , median ( interquartile range ) mbg was @number@ ( 383-812 ) pm.
infusion of mbg seems to directly contribute to increased nitrative stress and cardiac fibrosis.
background : the incidence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) is rising in the aging patients with congenital heart defects ( chd ) .
however , studies reporting on af in patients with chd are scarce.
methods and results : patients ( n = 199 ) with @number@ different chd and documented af episodes were studied.
af developed at 49±17 years.
regular atrial tachycardia ( at ) coexisting with af occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ; @percent@ initially presented with regular at.
at the end of a follow-up period of @number@ ( 0-24 ) years , the ecg showed af in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : age at development of af in patients with chd is relatively young compared with the patients without chd.
coexistence of episodes of af and regular at occurred in a considerable number of patients ; most of them initially presented with regular at.
dna methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene expression in mammalian cells including t cells.
memory t cells are heterogeneous populations.
however , epigenetic mechanisms involved in defining such cellular traits are largely unknown.
altering the dna methylation status of the cx3cr1 gene promoter changed its activity and gene expression.
subjective memory complaints are very common among elderly.
they can be due to depression , cognitive decline , or be a part of normal aging process.
spirituality is another important dimension in elderly , and it is believed to help them cope with various adversities.
this study was done to find out whether any relation exists between these @number@ variables in elderly.
spirituality was the highest in controls , followed by mci group , and then depression group.
spirituality had a direct negative relationship with severity of depression , while relationship of spirituality with severity of cognitive decline was more complex.
relationship of spirituality with mental health status in elderly patients seemed bidirectional , that is , cause as well as effect relationship.
adult native speakers reported the age at which they had learned each word.
we present a comparison of the aoa ratings across all languages by contrasting them in pairs.
this comparison shows a consistency in the orders of ratings across the @number@ languages.
all @number@ words were judged as being acquired early ( mostly before the age of @number@ years ) .
aoa ratings were associated with the raters ' social or language status , but not with the raters ' age or education.
parents reported words as being learned earlier , and bilinguals reported learning them later.
estimations of the age at which children learn the words revealed significantly lower ratings of aoa.
finally , comparisons with previous aoa and mb-cdi norms support the validity of the present estimations.
our aoa ratings are available for research or other purposes.
background : in this aging society , attention has not been fully given to brain arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) in elderly patients.
this study sought to describe a single institution's experience treating arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) in elderly patients.
results : of the @number@ patients in our avm database , @number@ patients were over the age of @number@ at presentation.
forty-eight percent presented with hemorrhage.
risks of initial hemorrhage were history of hypertension , smaller avm size ( < 3 cm ) and exclusively deep venous drainage.
preoperative embolization was performed in @number@ % in the surgical group.
complete obliteration was achieved in @number@ % by microsurgery , @number@ % by embolization alone and @number@ % by srs.
good functional outcome ( modified rankin scale , mrs < 2 ) was achieved in @number@ % after a median follow-up of @number@ years.
posttreatment hemorrhage occurred in @number@ %.
avm-related death occurred in three patients ( @number@ by surgery and @number@ by observation ) .
conclusions : brain avms in elderly patients still pose a high risk of hemorrhage.
initial hemorrhage may be associated with a history of hypertension , avm size and exclusively deep venous drainage.
initial mrs score ≥2 , eloquent location and higher s-m grade may be associated with worsening functional status.
microsurgical resection can be safe and effective for selected patients.
preoperative embolization is helpful in patients with s-m grade iv-v avms.
for those with surgical contraindications , srs and observation are treatment alternatives.
this study investigated the association between pth and structural and functional changes of the heart and arterial wall in a cohort of very elderly individuals.
no difference was found between pth groups in flow- or nitrate-mediated brachial artery dilatation , coronary artery calcification , intima-media thickness , or arterial stiffness.
objectives : the effect of these structural changes on the mechanical properties of the sc has not been determined.
here we determine how several aspects of the sc's mechanical properties are dramatically degraded with age.
results : we found that the sc stiffens with age , indicating that the keratin fibers stiffen , similarly to collagen fibers in the dermis.
the cellular cohesion also increases with age , a result of the altered intercellular lipid structure.
the kinetics of water movement through the sc is also decreased.
purpose : childbearing delay contributes to the increase of subfertile couples that require assisted reproductive technology ( art ) .
subfertility relates with reproductive aging ( ra ) .
in vitro aging ( iva ) ( due to extended culture ) may also impair oocyte competence.
aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the oocyte ultrastructure after ra and iva.
cocs ( n = @number@ ) were studied by light and qualitative / morphometric transmission electron microscopy.
two-way anova , with age and culture as grouping factors , was applied for statistical analysis ( p < @number@ ) .
metaphase ii cumulus-free oocytes ( n = @number@ ) were selected for confocal microscopy observations.
these changes were significantly more evident in the ra oocytes submitted to iva.
ra oocytes also showed changes of the zona pellucida and occurrence of vacuoles after culture.
cumuli appeared re-compacted after culture , irrespective of the age of the patients.
these morphological results should be considered when applying art in aged patients , rescue icsi , or artificial oocyte activation.
background : interventions to promote physical activity ( pa ) among older adults can positively impact pa behaviour and other health outcomes.
measurement of pa must be valid and reliable ; however , the degree to which studies employ valid and reliable measures of pa is unclear.
in addition , the implications of these different measurement tools on study results were evaluated and discussed.
data describing measurement methods and properties were extracted and reviewed.
only @percent@ of measures had population-specific reliability and @percent@ had population-specific validity.
unlabelled : sarcopenia in older people is a major health issue and its early detection could help target interventions and improve health.
evidence suggests that poor muscle mass is associated with greater arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk.
arterial stiffness in turn is associated with smaller retinal artery width.
this study examined the association of muscle mass in older people with retinal vascular width , a non-invasive measure of vascular function.
methods : participants > 65 years were recruited to a cross-sectional study.
digital retinal images of both eyes were analysed using the vampire software suite.
central retinal artery and vein equivalents ( crve and crae ) were measured.
body composition was measured using dual energy x ray absorptimetry ( dxa ) .
appendicular skeletal muscle mass / height ( @number@ ) was calculated.
physical function was measured : 6-min walk distance , short physical performance battery , handgrip strength and quadriceps strength.
results : @number@ participants with mean age @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years were recruited.
@percent@ were female.
digital retinal images of sufficient quality for measuring crae and crve were available for 51 / 75 ( @percent@ ) of participants.
conclusion : larger muscle mass was significantly associated with smaller retinal artery size in older people.
this unexpected finding needs further investigation.
background : non-participation in epidemiological studies threatens the generalisability of findings.
objective : to investigate the change in non-participation between the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study ( cfas ) i and ii.
design : a comparison of two epidemiological studies of older people using identical methods.
setting : three geographical areas of the united kingdom.
subjects : older people aged @number@ years and over.
random samples were drawn from primary care lists.
we compared demographic factors associated with non-participation.
results : non-participation in cfas ii was higher than in cfas i ( @number@ versus @percent@ ) .
age was not associated with non-participation in either study ( cfas i , p = @number@ cfas ii , p = @number@ ) .
as communities become more diverse and older people have increasing commitments on their time , new ways to engage prospective participants are urgently needed.
to discover whether changes in foot morphology and pain tolerance may favor the use of inadequate footwear in old age.
only @percent@ checked their feet every day , @percent@ revealed symptoms of neuropathy and @percent@ used inadequate footwear on at least one foot.
in a bivariate analysis , no significant differences were observed.
distinct physical changes affect the feet in the elderly population.
decreased sensitivity and absence of regular foot checks can contribute to use of inadequate footwear.
recent data in mouse models suggest that cell death could provide a potent trigger of inflammation.
studies in mouse models showed that sensitization of keratinocytes to apoptosis or necroptosis triggered by tnf and other stimuli causes severe chronic inflammatory skin lesions.
methods : we performed a longitudinal analysis using data regarding @number@ individuals drawn from the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) .
similar trends were seen when education was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status.
therefore , in designing interventions , socioeconomic inequalities should be taken into account through the use of multi-dimensional measurement tools.
purpose : to investigate the influence of age on arterial stiffness and blood pressure after performing a resistance exercise bout.
in a randomized cross-over design , participants performed control and exercise conditions with at least @number@ days separating conditions.
however , central sbp did not significantly increase for any age group after exercise.
augmentation index significantly increased after exercise only in the yg ( @number@ ± @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
central pulse wave velocity did not significantly increase in any age group after exercise when compared to the control condition.
objective : to explore associations between older adults ' communicative difficulties , depressive symptoms , and e-mail and telephone use with adult children.
results : better vision and worse speech were associated with more frequent e-mail contact with the selected child.
worse hearing was associated with more depressive symptoms for participants with low e-mail use but not for those with average or high e-mail use.
telephone use was not associated with communicative difficulties or depressive symptoms.
the text-based format of e-mail might also help older adults mitigate hearing impairments and associated depressive symptoms.
when do infants start to understand that they can grasp an object by its handle when the interesting part is out of reach ?
in addition , they often did not look surprised in the trick condition.
eight- and 10-month-olds most often grasped the handle while looking at the ball , and showed clear surprise in the trick condition.
background : age-related cataracts , which probably form due to insolubilization of lens proteins , can lead to loss of vision.
although the exact reason is unknown , lens protein aggregation may be triggered by increases in ptms such as d-β- , l-β- and d-α-asp isomers.
we also summarize current data on the effect of asp isomerization on lens crystallins.
major conclusions : the new technique enabled the analysis of isomers of asp residues in lens proteins precisely and quickly.
an extensive proportion of asp isomerization was observed at all asp sites of crystallins in the insoluble fraction of aged lens.
in addition , d-amino acid substitutions in crystallin-mimic peptides showed altered structural formation and function.
this article is part of a special issue entitled crystallin biochemistry in health and disease.
correspondingly , only @number@ % of blindness and @number@ % of visual impairment were caused by dr in east asia.
interestingly , the presence , severity , and 10-year incidence of dr were additionally correlated with higher estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure and shorter ocular length.
higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure may lead to higher retinal vein pressure and subsequently higher retinal capillary blood pressure increasing fluid and blood extravasation.
shorter axial length or hyperopia may be associated with higher intraocular concentration of cytokines.
herein , we hypothesize that pyrroloquinoline quinone ( pqq ) can act as a sirt1 / sirt3 activator.
the purpose of this study was to develop and test a semantic differential scale of sexual attitudes for older people in korea.
the scale was based on items derived from a literature review and focus group interviews.
a methodological study was used to test the reliability and validity of the instrument.
a total of @number@ older men and women were recruited to complete the semantic differential scale.
fifteen pairs of adjective ratings were extracted through factor analysis.
total variance explained was @percent@.
to test for construct validity , group comparisons were implemented.
the total score of sexual attitudes showed significant differences depending on gender and availability of sexual activity.
cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was @number@
the findings of this study demonstrate that the semantic differential scale of sexual attitude is a reliable and valid instrument.
a prototypical case is discussed in detail and unaddressed aspects of proprioceptive inattention are discussed through findings from four additional cases.
one possible mechanism of the ageing heart is a cellular senescence.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is a marker of replicative ageing.
we hypothesized that age-related changes in lv myocardium are associated with telomere length.
all the participants underwent standardized transthoracic echocardiography using an available system ( ie33 ; philips ) .
the ltl was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
we determined the relative ratio of telomere repeat copy number ( t ) to single-copy gene copy number ( s ) .
there was a decrease in lv dimensions with advancing age ( p < 0.001 ) .
older subjects had impairment in lv relaxation.
there is no relation between the ltl and the structure of lv.
telomere attrition is associated with age-related lv diastolic dysfunction.
telomere length appears to be a biomarker of myocardial ageing.
in this study , @number@ hbv chronic carriers attending in @number@ the viral hepatitis ambulatory of chapecó , were investigated.
the majority of hbv / d isolates were closely related to d3 sequences.
at all , @number@ out of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients had at least one grandparent originating from italy.
the search was restricted for all english-language articles from @number@ to @date@ that implied technology-based interventions.
telephone or face-to-face counseling sessions were not of interest for this review.
results : four studies have assessed the primary outcome , two of which reported significant decreases in caregivers ' depressive symptoms.
only one study assessed caregivers ' preparedness and showed improved posttest scores.
furthermore , there is a need to incorporate a cost-benefit analysis in future studies.
objective : to examine whether religiousness mediates the relationship between sociodemographic factors , multimorbidity and health-related quality of life of older adults.
methods : this population-based cross-sectional study is part of the survey on health , well-being , and aging ( sabe ) .
the sample was composed by @number@ older adults from sao paulo , sp , southeastern brazil.
the independent variables were : age , education , family functioning and multimorbidity.
the outcome variable was health-related quality of life of older adults , measured by sf-12 ( physical and mental components ) .
the mediator variables were organizational , non-organizational and intrinsic religiousness.
results : higher levels of organizational and intrinsic religiousness were associated with better physical and mental components.
higher education , better family functioning and fewer diseases contributed directly to improved performance in physical and mental components , regardless of religiousness.
for men , intrinsic religiousness mediated the relationship between education and mental component ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
warnings about memory errors can reduce their incidence , although past work has largely focused on associative memory errors.
the current study sought to explore whether warnings could be tailored to specifically reduce false recall of categorical information in both younger and older populations.
in contrast , young adults ' memory errors did not differ for the warning versus no-warning groups.
recent research reveals an age-related increase in positive autobiographical memory retrieval using a number of positivity measures , including valence ratings and positive word use.
the current study examined the correspondence between valence ratings and emotional word use in young and older adults ' autobiographical memories.
positive word use in narratives was associated with valence ratings only in young adults ' narratives.
the results also point to a potential dissociation between age-related changes in subjective valence and in positive word use.
both forms of external interference have been shown to detrimentally impact the ability to maintain information in working memory ( wm ) .
emerging evidence suggests that these different types of external interference exert different effects on behavior and may be mediated by distinct neural mechanisms.
the measurement of lower back mobility is essential in the assessment of lower back pain including ankylosing spondylitis.
original schober's test ( ost ) and modified schober's test ( mst ) are popularly conducted in daily rheumatology and orthopedics clinical practices.
to our knowledge , this report is the only anthropometric reference study in a normal oriental population.
the male ost was significantly more than the female ost.
there was a good correlation between ost and mst in each of the three age groups of both sexes.
recently , it has shown that ros play a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species depending on their concentration in mscs.
various environmental stresses-induced excessive production of ros triggers cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation on mscs.
therapeutic mechanisms of mscs in the treatment of ards / copd were focused on cell engraftment and paracrine action.
however , ros-mediated therapeutic mechanisms of mscs still remain largely unknown.
here , we review the key factors associated with cell cycle and chromatin remodeling to accelerate or delay the msc aging process.
in addition , the enhanced ros production and its associated pathophysiological pathways will be discussed along with the msc senescence process.
resveratrol also possesses antioxidant , anti-coagulation and anti-aging properties , and it may control of cell cycle and apoptosis.
resveratrol has been shown to reduce organ damage following traumatic and shock-like states.
moreover , through anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant properties , the resveratrol is believed to protect organ function in trauma-hemorrhagic injury.
in this review , the organ-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in trauma-hemorrhagic injury will be discussed.
background : depression and disability are closely linked.
less is known regarding clinical and subclinical depressive symptoms over time and risk of disability and mortality.
depressive symptom trajectories were defined with group-based models.
disability ( @number@ consecutive reports of severe difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing @number@ steps ) and mortality were determined for @number@ subsequent years.
hazard ratios ( hrs ) were estimated using cox proportional hazards adjusted for covariates.
disability and mortality rates per @number@ person years were @number@ and @number@ in men and @number@ and @number@ in women.
background : we examined the relationships between objective and self-reported sedentary time and health indicators among older adults residing in retirement communities.
sedentary time was objectively measured with devices ( accelerometers ) and using self-reports.
outcomes assessed included emotional and cognitive health , physical function , and physical health ( eg , blood pressure ) .
linear mixed-effects models examined associations between sedentary behavior and outcomes adjusting for demographics and accelerometer physical activity.
tv viewing was positively related to 400-m walk time ( p < @number@ ) .
self-reported sedentary behavior was related to better performance on one cognitive task ( trails a ; p < @number@ ) .
few associations were observed with self-reported sedentary behavior measures.
background : sarcopenia is commonly defined as loss of muscle mass with limited muscle function or strength.
different cutpoints of low lean mass and slow gait speed have been proposed by different professional working groups.
we compared the performance of different cutpoints of low lean mass and slow gait speed in predicting death.
for slow gait speed , the cutpoints based on @number@ and @number@ m / s were evaluated.
a cox-proportional hazard regression model with adjustment for multiple confounding factors was used for the association analyses.
further studies validating the cutpoints are warranted before using them in clinical settings.
frailty in older adults : evidence for a phenotype.
j gerontol a biol sci med sci.
furthermore , the discriminative capacity of the instrument has been rarely investigated.
aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminative capacity of the fp and compare it with a modified version including only anamnestic information.
for incident disability , fp showed sensitivity = @number@ specificity = @number@ ppv = @number@ and npv = @number@
similarly , afp had sensitivity = @number@ specificity = @number@ ppv = @number@ and npv = @number@
consistent results were found for accelerated disability and mortality.
mediation analysis is a valuable approach to examine pathways in epidemiological research.
prospective cohort studies are often conducted to study biological mechanisms and often collect longitudinal measurements on each participant.
mediation formulae for longitudinal data have been developed.
we also expand our approach to settings with multiple mediators and derive the mediated effects , jointly through all mediators.
our method requires the absence of time-varying confounding with respect to the exposure and the mediator.
sleep is a restorative behavior essential for health.
poor sleep has been linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults ; however , we know little about the social processes that affect sleep.
we found that married older adults had better actigraph-estimated but not self-reported sleep characteristics than the unmarried.
age estimation of nonliving subjects plays a very important role in identifying human remains.
when adult remains are in question , this process becomes even more complex.
among the numerous dental methods that exist for adults aging , the evaluation of root translucency is one of the most useful.
the average age values calculated according to the three methods were compared with the values of known age.
age estimation based solely on the percentage of radicular dentinal translucency has been found to be more accurate when diseased teeth are involved.
we examined this relationship in older people with diabetes and compared the results to those currently used in clinical practice.
methods : data from three studies evaluating cgm in older adults ( ≥70 years of age ) , with stable glycaemic control were analyzed retrospectively.
conclusions : hba1c-derived eag values may not accurately reflect cgm-measured mean glucose or mage in older adults with diabetes.
wide glucose excursions should be considered and hba1c should be interpreted cautiously when making treatment changes based on hba1c.
a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for human astrovirus type @number@ ( hastv1 ) is examined.
aim : along with rapid aging , medical expenditure for older adults has been increasing in japan.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and long-term medical expenditure in elderly japanese.
methods : baseline health and periodontal examinations were carried out in @date@ .
multivariable analysis of the differences in medical expenditure among pisa quartiles was carried out using linear regression with robust standard errors.
participants in the fourth quartile had significantly higher total medical expenditure ( p < @number@ ) compared with the first quartile.
a trend was observed of higher inpatient and total medical expenditure with increasing pisa.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 16 : 856-864.
background : because of demographic changes of an aging society , palliative care is becoming increasingly important.
it is therefore necessary to evaluate preferences at the end of life at an early stage to meet the needs and requests of future patients.
materials and methods : as part of the international prisma project , a representative telephone survey was carried out in germany.
@number@ % wanted to make their own decisions with regard to end-of-life care , which was most important for people with higher education.
@number@ % wanted to predetermine decisions by means of an advance directive in case they are no longer able to make them at the time.
this was again more important for individuals with higher education and for older subjects ( ≥ @number@ years ) .
in particular , women did not want to die in a hospital.
the objective of this study was to investigate subjectively and objectively the efficacy of a single fractional nimnrf treatment.
the system platform ( 1mhz ) incorporated six independent phase controlled rf generators coupled to rf microneedles that induced skin remodeling via controlled dermal coagulation.
topical anesthetic cream was applied before the treatment.
monthly three-dimensional ( 3-d ) volumetric assessments were performed for @number@ months after treatment.
patients rated their satisfaction using a 5-point scale.
results : during the study patients showed significant skin tightening on the lower two-thirds of the face.
objective assessments with superimposed 3-d color images showed significant median volumetric reduction of @number@ ml at @number@ months post-treatment.
ninety percent of the patients were either \ "satisfied \ " or \ "very satisfied \ " with the treatment results.
the treatments were well tolerated with minimal discomfort.
complications included a slight burning sensation and mild erythema that were minor and transitory ; both resolved within @number@ hours.
side effects such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation , epidermal burns , and scar formation were not observed.
conclusion : the advantages of this nimnrf treatment for skin tightening are its long-lasting high efficacy as shown through 3-d volumetric assessments.
moreover , nimnrf produced minimal complications and downtime as well as few side effects.
this non-invasive novel fractional nimnrf approach provides safe and effective treatment of skin tightening in asian patients.
the plantar fat pad of the human foot is a specific tissue made up of adipose chambers enveloped by fibrous septa.
aging , pathology or trauma may affect its histo-morphological configuration and mechanical response.
numerical analyses are performed to identify the stress-strain behavior of the plantar fat pad considering healthy and degenerative configurations.
the results from meso-models are applied to identify the parameters of a phenomenological constitutive formulation that interprets the overall human fat pad tissue mechanics.
increasing evidence points to a role of altered microbiota on inflammation , obesity , and other chronic conditions.
as elderly move to long-term care facilities , they experience changes in gut bacteria that might exasperate the underlying conditions such as osteosarcopenic obesity.
these individuals have exponentially higher osteoporotic fracture rates and immobility impairments compared to independently living individuals.
this synthesis highlights a series of recent studies that has systematically interrogated age-related deficits in cold-induced skin vasoconstriction.
in response to cold stress , a reflex increase in sympathetic nervous system activity mediates reductions in skin blood flow.
state @number@ respiration was also measured.
exercise tolerance was assessed by knee extensor exercise ( ke ) time to fatigue.
background : major adverse cardiac events ( maces ) are important causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality for elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
treatment and control rates for coronary artery disease ( cad ) in chinese patients are poorer than rates in western countries.
however , no previous prospective study has focused on perioperative mace in this population.
our aim was to ascertain the incidence and risk factors associated with maces in chinese patients.
methods : consecutive cad patients , aged ≥60 years , who underwent non-cardiac surgery at five medical centers in china , were prospectively enrolled.
clinical variables , including electrocardiogram and troponin i levels , were evaluated to estimate maces.
mace independent risk factors were based on the andersen-gill multiplicative intensity model.
conclusions : the incidence of mace in chinese elderly patients with cad who underwent non-cardiac surgery was @percent@.
seven independent risk factors for a perioperative mace were identified.
preventing intraoperative hypoxemia and hypotension may reduce the occurrence of mace in these high risk patients.
the study included @number@ elderly subjects recruited from the university of california , san francisco memory and aging center.
subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment , fasting blood draw and brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
partial correlations and linear regression models were used to examine the homa-ir-executive function relationship.
these results suggest a greater level of peripheral insulin-resistance is associated with decreased cognitive control and working memory.
unlabelled : subclinical cardiac abnormalities represent predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in obese subjects.
the aim of this study was to evaluate early cardiac abnormalities in obese youth and the potential association with insulin resistance ( ir ) .
homeostasis model assessment of ir ( homa-ir ) was used as an ir index.
all the above parameters were significantly associated with bmi-sds ( p < @number@ ) .
what is known : left atrial and ventricular alterations have been reported in obese adults , and they represent predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease.
there is some evidence suggesting that obese children show increased left ventricular mass and also increased atrial size , although with conflicting results.
what is new : obese normotensive children showed a moderately increased atrial size , subtle alterations in left cardiac diastolic function , and ventricular mass.
an association between insulin resistance and left cardiac changes was found , although its mechanism remains to be determined.
the evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic-free radicals.
the other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution.
we also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles.
thus , we speculate that the melatonin-synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts , respectively.
melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage.
it , as well as its metabolites , is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species.
moreover , melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro-oxidative enzymes , leading to a reduction in oxidative damage.
the actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing / producing enzymes may be mediated by the keap1-nrf2-are pathway.
methods : our sample included @number@ orthodontic patients from whom we had access to annual lateral cephalometric radiographs and igf-1 measurements.
each subject was observed between @number@ and @number@ times , resulting in @number@ annual intervals from a total of @number@ observations.
conclusion : longitudinal changes in igf-1 levels can be used to predict a patient's vertical facial growth.
there was no significant correlation between changes in vertical facial development and a single cross-sectional igf-1 measurement.
organ size determination is one of the most intriguing unsolved mysteries in biology.
however , how robust yap activation is achieved during organ size control remains elusive.
inhibition of mir-130a reversed liver size enlargement induced by hippo pathway inactivation and blocked yap-induced tumorigenesis.
furthermore , the drosophila hippo pathway target bantam functionally mimics mir-130a by repressing the vgll4 homolog sdbp / tgi.
these findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved positive feedback mechanism underlying robustness of the hippo pathway in size control and tumorigenesis.
analyses uncovered differing threshold levels across emotions and sex of facial stimuli , ranging from @percent@ up to @percent@ intensities.
as part of any comprehensive social cognition test battery , this approach should allow for a rapid and sensitive assessment of potential fer deficits.
background : today , an increasing number of total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) procedures are being performed.
several factors may affect this phenomenon : some of these depend on the patient and others may depend on implant design and materials.
aims : the purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between periprosthetic bmd and the factors affecting osseointegration.
methods : we retrospectively analysed patients who underwent primary tha.
preoperatively , postoperatively , @number@ and @number@ months , @number@ year and @number@ years after implantation , dexa scans were performed around the femoral stem.
the patients were matched for diagnosis , sex , bmd of the lumbar spine and contralateral femur , body mass index and age.
results : one hundred and eight patients ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) with a mean age of @number@ years were studied.
different bmd changing patterns were observed and a greater bone resorption was noted in all the conditions associated with poor bone quality.
conclusions : at the present time , dexa is considered the most reliable tool for evaluating bone remodelling after tha.
results : the average annual canadian ms mortality rate , 1975-2009 was @number@.23 / 100 , 000.
five-year rates for 1975-79 , 1980-84 , 1985-89 , 1990-94 , 1995-99 , @date@ , @date@ were : @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@
trend analysis showed mortality rates over the entire @number@ years were stable ( average annual percent change of less than one percent ) .
the average annual 1975-2009 rates for females and males were @number@ and @number@
five-year female rates were always higher than males.
in contrast , there were decreases in all-cause mortality rates across each age group.
however ms patients remain disadvantaged relative to the general population and changes in age at death are not reflected in decreased mortality rates.
additionally , we used our model to investigate patients who had imaging scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit ( swedd ) .
all hosmer-lemeshow simulations suggested that when parsed into random subgroups , the subgroup data matched that of the overall cohort.
interpretation : our model provides a potential new approach to distinguish participants with parkinson's disease from controls.
if the model can also identify individuals with prodromal or preclinical parkinson's disease in prospective cohorts , it could facilitate identification of biomarkers and interventions.
funding : national institute on aging , national institute of neurological disorders and stroke , and the michael j fox foundation.
eccentric exercise has gained increasing attention as a suitable and promising intervention to delay or mitigate the known physical and physiological declines associated with aging.
determining the relative efficacy of eccentric exercise when compared with the more conventionally prescribed traditional resistance exercise will support evidence-based prescribing for the aging population.
thus , original research studies incorporating chronic eccentric exercise interventions in the older adult population were included in this review.
muscular strength was found to increase most consistently compared with results from traditional resistance exercise.
functional capacity and body composition showed significant improvements with eccentric endurance protocols , especially in older , frail or sedentary cohorts.
eccentric exercise causes little cardiovascular stress ; thus , it may not generate the overload required to elicit cardiovascular adaptations.
an anabolic state may be achievable following eccentric exercise , while improvements to insulin sensitivity have not been found.
finally , rating of perceived exertion during eccentric exercise was often significantly lower than during traditional resistance exercise.
overall , evidence supports the prescription of eccentric exercise for the majority of outcomes of interest in the diverse cohorts of the older adult population.
both basic and clinical evidence have demonstrated the crucial involvement of the star protein in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis.
multiple levels of regulation impinge on star action.
activation of the latter influences macrophage cholesterol efflux that is a key process in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) is a common cardiovascular disorder , with or without signs of underlying neurodegenerative disease.
its prevalence is age dependent , ranging from @percent@ in patients < 50 years of age to @percent@ in those > 70 years of age.
background : population ageing will lead to a leap in the dementia population in asia.
however , information about potentials for low-cost and low-risk interventions is limited.
design : a cross-sectional study.
a standardised lifestyle activity questionnaire exploring activities from four categories ( intellectual , physical , social and recreational ) was used to measure the pattern.
results : two thousand four hundred and four ( @number@ men ; @number@ women ) participants were recruited.
the mean age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
the same association was found in participants with no scd and had regular activities for over @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : intellectual activity and physical exercise were associated with better cognitive states in asian older adults.
community-based intervention may take considerations into specific types of activities to optimise cognition.
background : few comparisons exist of the quality of primary care provided by nurse practitioners ( nps ) versus physicians.
we compared the rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations among patients who received primary care from nps versus generalist physicians.
nonpooling propensity score matching substantially reduced the differences , but neither iv approach satisfactorily reduced the differences.
similar results were found using conditional logistic regression models with propensity methods.
we found smaller reductions in our analyses of \ "other hospitalizations \ " ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.95-0.98 ) .
both iv analyses showed associations between np care and lower potentially preventable hospitalizations , but only @number@ result was statistically significant.
purpose of review : cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide.
a large body of evidence illustrates the contribution of platelets to processes beyond their traditionally recognized role as mediators in thrombosis and hemostasis.
recent advances in molecular biology help to understand the complexity of atherosclerosis.
recent findings : this article outlines the role of platelets as modulators of immune responses in the context of atherosclerosis.
it provides a short overview of interactions between platelets and endothelial cells or immune cells via direct cell contact or soluble factors during atherogenesis.
we also focus on the relationship between platelets and the lipid metabolism highlighting potential consequences to atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.
summary : a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of platelet-related immune activity allows their utilization as powerful diagnostic tools or targets of therapeutic intervention.
those findings might help to develop new classes of drugs which may supplement or replace classical anticoagulants and help clinicians to tackle cvd more efficiently.
objectives : to examine the relationship between falls history , especially those with frequent recent falls , and future injurious falls.
diagnosis codes further informed the nature of the injuries.
results : persons with a high number of recent falls tended to be younger , and more likely to have parkinson's or multiple sclerosis.
injuries among those with multiple recent falls were more likely to be head injuries with an open wound.
background : patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery for intra-abdominal infection are at risk of invasive candidiasis ( ic ) and candidates for preemptive antifungal therapy.
an exploratory biomarker analysis was performed using logistic regression.
results : the full analysis set comprised @number@ placebo- and @number@ micafungin-treated patients.
there was no difference between the arms in median time to ic.
this may have been because the drug was administered too late to prevent ic coupled with an overall low number of ic events.
it does provide some support for using ßdg to identify patients at high risk of ic.
clinical trials registration : nct01122368.
however , a number of studies in the past few years have documented important functions for lncrnas in human diseases.
in this review , we summarize the current knowledge of lincrna-p21 , mainly focus on the known biological functions and its underlying mechanisms.
we found that there is a gradient in health status , physical and cognitive functioning , and health-care use and spending across settings.
minority elderly are overrepresented in facilities and underrepresented in alternative living settings.
study question : are differences in androgen levels among women with various forms of ovarian dysfunction associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities ?
what is known already : sex steroid hormones play important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) .
extremes of low as well as high androgen levels have been associated with increased cvd risk in both men and women.
participants / materials , setting , methods : measurements of serum testosterone , androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
adjustment for bmi attenuated the observed associations.
associations between fai and cardiometabolic features were the strongest in pcos women , even after adjustment for bmi.
due to the cross-sectional design of the current study , the potential associations between androgen levels and actual future cardiovascular events could not be assessed.
future research regarding the role of androgens in the development of cvd and potential modulatory effects of bmi is required.
study funding / competing interests : n.m.p.d. is supported by the dutch heart foundation ( grant number 2013t083 ) .
m.k. is supported by the axa research fund.
with regard to potential conflicts of interest , there is nothing further to disclose.
intentionally , groups were matched by age , aerobic capacity and in addition the control and post-obese groups also by bmi.
muscle biopsies were obtained from the m. deltoid and vastus lateralis.
pgc-1alpha , sirt1 and sirt3 protein expression was analyzed by western blot.
result : pgc-1alpha , sirt1 and sirt3 protein expression was similar regardless of the level of adiposity.
the study was conducted in baltimore , maryland , from @number@ to @number@
in phase @number@ @number@ individuals consumed a low-sodium diet for @number@ wk. participants were provided all foods , snacks , and calorie-containing drinks.
linear regression analyses were used to determine intervention effects on urinary sodium excretion.
conclusions : a multifactorial behavioral intervention emphasizing spices and herbs significantly reduced sodium intake.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01615159.
background : researchers have increasingly sought noninvasive methods to determine health and nutritional status in humans.
easy and painless to collect , human urine is a source of noninvasive biomarkers.
objective : we aimed to explore the relation between systemic oxidative stress biomarkers excreted in urine and urinary osmolality ( uosm ) .
design : the current trial was a descriptive , cross-sectional study.
we collected seventy-eight samples of 24-h urine in preschoolers who were attending daycare centers in the western highlands province of quetzaltenango , guatemala.
descriptive statistics and linear [ spearman rank-order ( rs ) ] and nonlinear ( goodness-of-fit ) correlations were performed.
results : twenty-four hour uvols ranged from @number@ to @number@ ml , whereas the uosm varied between @number@ and @number@ mosm / kg.
associations were weaker when they were analyzed as the total 24-h production.
thus , a relatively superior hydration status is associated with a quantitative reduction in urinary excretion of systemic oxidation products.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct02203890.
methods : this was a prospective study.
all the patients were female , aging from @number@ to @number@ years with a median of @number@ years.
breast specimen after surgery was prepared with part-mount sub-serial section , and residual tumors were microscopically outlined , scanned and registered by photoshop software.
the 3d model of pathological and mri residual tumors was reconstructed with 3d-doctor software.
background : impaired liver function in men can result in erectile dysfunction or hypogonadism or both.
we investigated whether living donor liver transplantation ( ldlt ) results in improvement in male sexual function.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with end-stage liver disease ( esld ) were included in this prospective , cross-sectional study.
patients with hypogonadism reported a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction after ldlt than patients without hypogonadism ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : ldlt results in improvement in erectile function.
in addition , improvement in erectile function is associated with self-reported absence of hypogonadism.
methods : a self-report survey was used to assess individuals ' personal characteristics , health knowledge , phr skills , and activities.
factors underlying respondents ' current phr-related activities were derived using principal component analysis ( pca ) .
internal consistency of the derived scale scores was assessed with cronbach's α.
in the hierarchical regression analyses , education and computer knowledge significantly increased the explanatory power of the models.
health knowledge ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) emerged as a positive predictor of phr collecting skills.
complications were identified in @number@ patients who were treated with @number@ rdps ( @number@ upper , @number@ lower ) .
the types and numbers of oral problems that were experienced were described based on ohip items with a score of @number@ and @number@
there was no significant difference between the baseline and 1- to 5-year follow-up examinations.
problems with eating and appearance registered at pre-treatment were improved at baseline and after 1-5 years.
problems with dentures that had been registered pre-treatment were improved at baseline but reoccurred after 1-5 years.
the two most frequent complications were ill-fitting rdps and inflammation of the oral mucosa , followed less frequently by fractures of the clasps.
treatment with rdps improved ohrqol , but denture-related problems partly remained , and new problems related to rdps occurred 1-5 years after treatment.
the two most frequent complications were ill-fitting rdps and inflammation of the oral mucosa.
these data are freely available to all researchers interested in pursuing pd research within the parkinson's progression marker initiative.
results : the parkinson's progression marker initiative represents a study population with low genetic heterogeneity.
we show the presence of six lrrk2 p.g2019s and nine gba p.n370s mutation carriers.
conclusions : the parkinson's progression marker initiative study and its genetic data are useful in studies of pd biomarkers.
the genetic architecture described here will be useful in the analysis of myriad biological and clinical traits within this study.
the objective of this study was to investigate anti-dementia drug use and its associations with nps.
results : the study population comprised @number@ persons.
their mean age was @number@ years and @percent@ were female.
dementia had been diagnosed in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) in home care and in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) in residential care.
anti-dementia drugs were used by @percent@ of patients with dementia.
hyperactivity symptoms were associated with combination therapy of this type ( or @number@ @percent@ cl @number@.36-2.34 ) .
conclusions : the use of anti-dementia drugs was common in both care settings.
the use of any anti-dementia drug or combination was associated with the mood and apathy subgroup.
the hyperactivity subgroup was associated with combination use of memantine and achei.
regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions.
results : the mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for lmics was @number@ % ( @number@ % ci , @number@ % - @number@ % ) .
in all countries , multimorbidity increased significantly with age.
a positive but non-linear relationship was found between country gdp and multimorbidity prevalence.
higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses.
conclusions : multimorbidity is a global phenomenon , not just affecting older adults in hics.
policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities , and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population.
micro-rnas ( mirnas ) are responsible for important and evolutionary-conserved regulatory functions in several cellular processes such as apoptosis , signalling , differentiation and proliferation.
there is a growing interest in understanding more clearly the mechanisms regulating activation and suppression of mirnas expression in benefit of health prevention advancement.
it is now acknowledged that physical activity represents one of the most effective preventive agents in chronic degenerative diseases.
indeed , a regular exercise exerts a great influence on several parameters and biological pathways , both at genomic and post-genomic levels.
recent works have highlighted the effects of structured physical activity on mirnas modulation.
modulation of mirnas , regulated by exercise in human skeletal muscle , depends on type , duration and intensity of an exercise performed.
carbonylation due to oxidation and glycation is an important biochemical cause of degenerative diseases and aging.
significance and validities of such ' life codes ' in biology beyond genomic and proteomic concepts has also been clarified.
blood sample was collected to obtain the lipid fractions , and the weight , height , waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured.
multiple linear regression was performed to identify independently associated factors with changes in each of the selected lipid fractions.
the consumption of alcoholic beverages and a higher waist-hip ratio remained independently associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein levels.
the increased waist circumference was independently associated with low values of the low-density lipoprotein levels.
the value of increased triglyceride was independently associated with higher waist-hip ratio , higher body mass index and smoking.
we sought to describe trends in cancer incidence in botswana during implementation of the first public art program in africa.
age-adjusted cancer incidence decreased in the hiv infected population by @percent@ per year ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @percent@ ) .
age-adjusted cancer incidence among individuals without hiv increased @percent@ per year ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @percent@ ) .
interpretation : expansion of art in botswana was associated with decreased age-specific cancer risk.
however , an expanding and aging population contributed to continued high numbers of incident cancers in the hiv population.
increased capacity for early detection and treatment of hiv-associated cancer needs to be a new priority for programs in africa.
there is much evidence about the hc ingestion positive effect over degenerative joint and bones diseases.
clinical studies show that hc continual ingestion helps to reduce and prevent joint pain , bone density loss and skin ageing.
no significant difference was found in iop measured with art.
ch and acv were significantly lower in he compared to hy.
there was no difference between the groups in cct , cc , al or crf.
no tonometry method was dependant on cct or cc.
in these homogeneous groups , tonometry methods were independent of cct and cc.
methods : forty-seven human subjects were examined and their medical history was explored.
wlr was calculated by the formula [ formula : see text ] .
arterio-venous ratio ( avr ) and microvascular abnormalities were attained by quantitative and qualitative assessment of fundus photographs.
influence of age , arterial hypertension , body mass index ( bmi ) and retinal microvascular abnormalities on the wlr was examined.
an age-adjusted wlr was created to test influences on wlr independently of age.
considering wlr and wcsa , a distinction between eutrophic and hypertrophic retinal remodeling processes was possible.
wlr correlated significantly with age ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
arterial hypertension and a higher bmi were significantly associated with an increased age-adjusted wlr.
wlr correlated significantly with the stage of microvascular abnormalities.
@number@ % of the hypertensive subjects and @number@ % of the normotensive subjects showed eutrophic remodeling , while hypertrophic remodeling was not detectable.
wlr correlated inversely with avr.
avr was independent of the arteriolar wall thickness , age and arterial hypertension.
conclusions : the technique of ao retinal imaging allows a direct measurement of the retinal vessel wall and lumen diameter with good intra-observer variability.
age , arterial hypertension and an elevated bmi level are significantly associated with an increased wlr.
the wall-to-lumen ratio measured by ao can be used to detect structural retinal microvascular alterations in an early stage of remodeling processes.
background / objective : despite the aging population , few studies have documented the treatment of geriatric psoriasis.
results : @number@ patients who underwent @number@ treatment courses were included in the study.
within the elderly cohort , there was no significant difference in efficacy of biologics versus conventional systemics at any time point.
within the elderly population , biologics may be a safer option than conventional systemic agents.
limited research exists on how these groups maintain family ties from afar including caring for aging parents.
this study explores the experiences and challenges that asian h1b workers face when providing care from a distance.
a total of @number@ chinese / taiwanese , korean , and indian h1b workers participated in in-depth qualitative interviews.
food insecurity is a pressing issue in the united states where one in six people suffer from hunger.
the older adult population faces unique challenges to receiving adequate nutrition.
the federal government currently employs four food and nutrition programs that target the senior population in an effort to address their specific needs.
the relative quantification of proteins using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry ( lc-ms ) has allowed researchers to compile lists of potential disease markers.
these complex quantitative workflows often include isobaric labeling of enzymatically-produced peptides to analyze their relative abundances across multiple samples in a single lc-ms run.
recent efforts by our lab have provided scientists with cost-effective alternatives to expensive commercial labels.
gene ontology ( go ) analysis of the differentiated proteins showed that many were involved in inflammatory responses and implicated in fibrosis.
we report that s100 proteins were reduced in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) .
s100a8 / 9 , which is important in epithelial barrier function , was particularly decreased in elderly patients with crs.
epithelial expression of s100a8 / 9 is partly regulated by the il-6 trans-signaling pathway.
age-related differences in the level of each protein were investigated.
this increase was blocked by sgp130.
restoration of barrier function by targeting sgp130 may be a novel treatment strategy.
of note , the fah superfamily includes many prokaryotic members with very distinct functions that lack homologs in eukaryotes.
a prokaryotic member of the fah superfamily , referred to as cg1458 , was shown to encode a soluble oxaloacetate decarboxylase ( odx ) .
based on sequence homologies to cg1458 , we recently identified human fah domain containing protein-1 ( fahd1 ) as the first eukaryotic oxaloacetate decarboxylase.
the physiological functions of odx in eukaryotes remain unclear.
here we have probed the function of fahd-1 , the nematode homolog of fahd1 , in the context of an intact organism.
together these data establish a role of fahd-1 to maintain mitochondrial function and consequently physical activity in nematodes.
environmental challenges such as a high fat diet during pregnancy can induce changes in offspring growth , metabolism and cardiovascular function.
however , challenges that are sustained over several generations can induce progressive compensatory metabolic adjustments in young adults.
it is not known if such effects persist during ageing.
we investigated whether diets with different fat and carbohydrate contents over three generations modifies markers of ageing.
female c57bl / 6 f0 mice were fed diets containing @percent@ or @percent@ fat ( w / w ) throughout pregnancy and lactation.
female offspring were fed the same diet as their dams until the f3 generation.
there was little effect of diet or generation on phenotypic markers in day @number@ adults.
fasting plasma glucose concentration was significantly increased with ageing in the @percent@ group in the f3 generation and in the @percent@ group in both generations.
there was a significant effect of diet and generation on ex-vivo vasoconstriction in ageing females.
differences in dietary fat may induce metabolic compensation in young adults that persist over three generations.
however , such compensatory effects decline during ageing.
one major aspect is the estimated higher treatment costs in the care of the elderly.
of a total of @number@ patients @number@ patients were over the age of @number@
their lengths of stay , mode of discharge and discharge management as well as costs and reimbursements according to the relevant diagnosis-related groups were analysed.
results : cases of elderly patients amounted to a stable @number@ % of all cases from @number@ until @number@
their mean length of stay was @number@ ( median , @number@ ) , range , 1-129 days.
the elderly patients had a patient clinical complexity level of mean @number@
the mean deficit was @number@ ( median : @number@ ) € per patient , range : - @number@ , 470-75 , 144 €.
the discharge management was significantly different in comparison to patients under the age of @number@ with respect to avoidance of discharge at the weekend.
conclusion : patients over the age of @number@ are a relevant group in surgery.
they have an increased perioperative risk , but patients should not be denied surgery solely because of their age.
the perioperative management of the elderly has to be of maximum standardised quality.
ablative skin rejuvenation therapies have limitations for asian people , including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and long down time.
non-ablative lasers are safer but have limited efficacy.
this study recruited @number@ subjects from six sites in china.
each subject received five treatment sessions during a period of @number@ days.
subjects were followed up at @number@ and @number@ months post last treatment.
both combination therapy and monotherapy resulted in significant improvements at the follow-up visits compared to baseline ( p < @number@ ) .
combination therapy showed significantly greater improvements compared to monotherapy at two follow-up visits ( p < @number@ ) .
combination therapy is a safe and more effective strategy than ipl monotherapy for skin rejuvenation in asian people.
background : despite wide-spread use of antihypertensives in older adults , the literature is unclear about their association with incident recurrent falls over time.
the main outcome was recurrent falls ( ≥2 ) in the ensuing @number@ months.
conclusions : antihypertensive use overall was not statistically significantly associated with recurrent falls after adjusting for important confounders.
loop diuretic use may be associated with recurrent falls and needs further study.
background : sleep and melatonin have been associated with healthy aging.
in this study , we examine the association between melatonin levels and sleep among older men.
methods : cross-sectional study of a community-dwelling cohort of @number@ men aged @number@ years or older recruited from six u.s. centers.
first morning void urine samples were collected to measure melatonin's major urinary metabolite , 6-sulfatoxymelatonin ( amt6s ) .
we also assessed objective and subjective sleep parameters.
conclusion : lower nocturnal melatonin levels were associated with worsened daytime sleepiness , sleep efficiency , and shorter sleep time in older men.
the role of circadian interventions , and whether melatonin levels are a modifiable risk factor for poor sleep in older men , warrants further study.
methods : in @number@ @number@ danish twin pairs ( n = @number@ ) aged 70 + years were photographed generating passport-type images.
the faces of the twins in these images were swapped creating two new images per twin pair ( @number@ images in total ) .
ten nurses rated the perceived age of the twin from the original and swapped facial images.
the survival of the twins was determined through to the end of @number@
conclusions : facial visual cues but not hair or clothing cues drive the link between perceived age and survival.
background : the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which has been linked with a decline in muscle mass.
methods : we analyzed cross-sectional data of @number@ ( @percent@ female ; 69±3.7 years ) old community-dwelling subjects of the berlin aging study ii.
methods : the effects of a multinutrient supplement on mobility and cognition were assessed in postmenopausal women ( 60-84 years ) .
compared with the placebo group , supplementation also resulted in significantly higher blood dha levels ( p < @number@ ) .
particular attention has been paid to age-related disorders because of the overlap of endocrine and neuronal dysfunction with aging.
sex hormones and aging have been also suggested to drive the incidence of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye and cataract.
hormone therapy has been approached in several clinical trials.
the discovery that the retina is another cns tissue synthesizing neurosteroids , among which neuroactive steroids , has favored these studies.
the first cholesterol-limiting step and the final aromatase-limiting step are discussed as possible check-points of retinal functional / dysfunctional e2.
these findings may provide a framework to support clinical studies , although further basic research is needed.
methods : data were obtained from an education program for enhancing cpap adherence.
men who were newly diagnosed of osa and cpap therapy naïve were recruited in a tertiary teaching hospital.
the median ( ir ) cpap daily usage was @number@.3 ( @number@ @number@ ) h / day.
however , negative emotion symptoms were not the mediators between cpap adherence and the intimate relationship.
conclusions : cpap therapy with good adherence is related directly and indirectly to a better intimate relationship with bed partner in men with osa.
it was possibly attributed to reduced daytime sleepiness and increased activity level.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia among older people.
hence an accurate and reliable diagnosis of mci can be very effective and helpful for early diagnosis of ad.
the proposed method uses pzms to extract discriminative information from the mr images of the ad , mci , and hc groups.
we worked with @number@ mris from the database of the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni @number@ @number@.5t ) .
the @number@ slice of @number@ mris used in this study included @number@ ad patients , @number@ mci patients , and @number@ hc individuals.
it is assumed that il- @date@ involve in the inflammation pathology of surrounding senile plaques in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients.
however , no significant association was observed between the ddx39b @number@ g / c polymorphism in the cases and controls.
furthermore , it is clarified that the protective effect of il-4 @number@ is independent from apoe protective genotypes.
accordingly , the il-4 @number@ t allele may be applied as a protective marker in the development of load in iranian population.
every year , more and more patients fall into rare or extreme categories of breast cancer-young , elderly , pregnant , or male.
contributing factors may be improved risk assessment and screening techniques ( especially of dense breast tissue ) , delayed childbearing , and the aging population.
these patients can challenge usual medical decision making because of their unique situation.
background : psychosocial stress has been associated with an increased risk for mental and somatic health problems across the life span.
some studies in younger adults linked this to accelerated cellular aging , indexed by shortened telomere length ( tl ) .
in older adults , the impact of psychosocial stress on tl may be different due to the lifetime exposure to competing causes of tl-shortening.
only having experienced any childhood adverse event was weakly but significantly negatively associated with tl.
conclusions : our findings did not consistently confirm our hypothesis that psychosocial stress is associated with shorter tl in older adults.
healthy survivorship or other tl-damaging factors such as somatic health problems seem to dominate a potential effect of psychosocial stress on tl in older adults.
to quantify the perinatal outcome and neurological morbidity in triplet pregnancies complicated by ttts , which were treated with fetoscopic laser surgery.
search strategy : medline , embase , cinahl and cochrane were searched.
selection criteria : the outcomes observed were : fetal and perinatal survival , preterm birth and abnormal neurological outcome.
data collection and analysis : two authors reviewed all abstracts independently.
meta-analyses of proportions were used to combine data.
finally , the incidence of abnormal neurological outcomes ranged from @number@ to @percent@ in dcta and from @number@ to @percent@ in mcta triplets.
conclusions : both dtca and mcta triplet pregnancies affected by ttts are at high risk of adverse perinatal outcome.
tweetable abstract : both dtca and mcta triplet pregnancies affected by ttts are at high risk of adverse perinatal outcome.
background : chronic inflammation plays a key role in cancer etiology.
dna methylation modification , one of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression , is considered a hallmark of cancer.
human and animal models have identified numerous links between dna methylation and inflammatory biomarkers.
our objective was to prospectively and longitudinally examine associations between methylation of four inflammatory genes and cancer risk.
we detected significant icam-1 hypermethylation in cancer cases ( p = @number@ ) @number@ to @number@ years prediagnosis.
conclusion : hypermethylation of ifn and icam- @date@ play important roles in early carcinogenesis , particularly that of prostate cancer.
impact : these methylation changes could inform the development of early detection biomarkers and potential treatments of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
box-cox analysis is a technique to increase the log-likelihood of linear relationships between variables by means of monotonic non-linear transformations.
global analyses revealed an increase in the average non-linearity from fractional anisotropy to radial diffusivity , axial diffusivity , and mean diffusivity.
the common model of demyelination-induced increase in radial diffusivity cannot directly explain these results.
individuals infected with hiv are living longer due to effective treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) .
despite these advances , hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) remain prevalent.
we did not identify differences in rs-fc within hiv-infected individuals by hand status.
our analysis identifies focal deficits in the sal network that may be mitigated with suppression of plasma virus.
however , these findings suggest that rs-fc may not be sensitive as a marker of hand among individuals with suppressed plasma viral loads.
frailty is increasingly relevant for clinicians to improve care for vulnerable older adults.
prominent frailty measures include the frailty phenotype and the frailty index.
the frailty phenotype is grounded in a theoretical construct hypothesized to have an underlying biological basis.
the frailty index describes frailty as a nonspecific age-associated vulnerability , reflected in an accumulation of medical , social , and functional deficits.
strengths include its ability to import clinical measures , interchangeable components , and its potential ability to identify latent risk factors.
why ivf pregnancy rates decline sharply after age @number@ is unknown.
upon in vitro culture , gcs were found to exhibit lower proliferation and increased apoptosis with aging.
while fsh supplementation stimulated gcs growth and prevented luteinization in vitro.
these observations demonstrate age-related functional declines in gcs , consistent with premature luteinization.
premature follicular luteinization appears to contribute to rapidly declining ivf pregnancy chances after age @number@ and can be avoided by earlier oocyte retrieval.
senescence is a phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline of body homeostasis.
premature senescence acts when the cellular system is not able to adequately respond to noxious stimuli by synthesis of stressor molecules.
therefore , sgk- @date@ represent a specific target to further develop novel therapeutic options against chronic diseases such as diabetes typical of aging.
sgk-1 has been also associated with cancer , neurodegenerative diseases , and cardiovascular disease , among other age-related diseases.
however , to date , the data available on sgk-1 and aging , are sparse , controversial , and only from c. elegans experimental models.
in this review we sought to discuss the possible implication of sgk-1 in mechanisms regulating senescence and age-related diseases.
moreover , we aimed to discuss and identify the possible role of sgk-1 as possible molecular target to counteract and prevent aging.
medical advancements have increased life expectancy but have consequently increased the incidence of age-related disease.
fasting or dietary restriction ( dr ) can help prevent these via anti-ageing effects ; however , these effects in neurons are less well characterized.
these mechanisms are extensively interlinked and point to an optimum range of calorie intake , above calorie deprivation and below burdensome calorie excess.
rather than developing pharmacological mimetics of dr , our focus should be on educating the public about dr in order to minimize age-related disease.
preventing fall-related injuries is becoming a priority as the world population ages.
this study's purpose was to examine the effect of aging on vertical postural control in the community-dwelling elderly.
thirty-six elderly individuals and twenty-two healthy young adults were asked to shift their centers of pressure ( cops ) as far as possible while standing.
the vertical position of the center of mass ( com ) was also measured to assess the change in vertical postural control.
the com position in the elderly group during the backward cop shift was also significantly lower than that in the young group.
knee and ankle joint movements differed between the two groups during the backward cop shift.
factor analysis indicated that dorsal and ventral muscle groups were involved in the cop shift.
specifically , the relationship between the biceps femoris muscle and the voluntary cop shift was reinforced in the elderly group.
these findings suggest that the vertical postural strategy changes in the elderly during the backward cop shift.
bone tissue engineering demands alternatives overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches in the context of a constantly aging global population.
microstructured and mechanically-tailored hydrogels supported the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells and led to higher osteopontin expression in comparison to their non-tailored counterparts.
data is emerging that galectin @number@ is elevated in many cancers including solid tumors and the cancers of the blood.
levels of galectin @number@ increase in the msc of aging mice and perhaps this contributes to the development of cancer in the elderly.
galectin @number@ modulates surface protein expression of a diverse set of glycoproteins including cd44 by regulating endocytosis of these proteins.
in addition , galectin @number@ binding to receptor kinases such as cd45 and the t cell receptor is critical in the regulation of their function.
in this review i will examine the various mechanisms how galectin @number@ supports chemoresistance and metastasis in solid tumors and in leukemia and lymphoma.
i will also discuss possible therapeutic strategies to target this galectin for cancer therapy.
outcomes : scd36 , total and regional fat mass were established by dual x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging.
data are presented as median ( quartiles ) .
kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney tests were performed on delta values at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
st + placebo did not change bioavailable testosterone and lean body mass.
fat mass measures significantly improved during st + placebo , st + tt , and tt vs. placebo.
this raises the hypothesis that low vitamin d is related to poor mental health.
subjects / methods : serum 25 ( oh ) d was measured in three danish population-based studies , including @number@ adults aged 18-64 years.
after @number@ years , @number@ participants were re-examined.
conclusions : our results suggest that low serum 25 ( oh ) d is not associated with self-reported symptoms / diagnosis of depression and anxiety.
here , we studied whether a difference in temporal agonist and antagonist muscle activation exists between young and older persons during an rt-test.
we studied mm.
rt was divided in pre-movement-time ( pmt , time for stimulus processing ) and movement-time ( mt , time for motor response completion ) .
muscle activation time @number@ ) following stimulus onset ( pmat ) and @number@ ) before movement onset ( mat ) was calculated.
we conclude that in older persons , besides the previously reported increased antagonist muscle co-activation , the muscle firing sequence is also profoundly altered.
this is characterized by a delayed muscle activation following stimulus onset , and a significantly earlier recruitment of the antagonist muscle before movement onset.
background and aims : previous studies have confirmed that chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) influences the cognitive function of adults.
however , few studies focused the relationships among the very old.
the purpose of this study was to determine whether ckd is associated with cognitive impairment among nonagenarians and centenarians in china.
method : this work was conducted as a cross-sectional study.
@number@ unrelated chinese nonagenarians and centenarians participated in the study.
the 30-item mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) was used to assess cognitive function.
estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation ( chinese version ) .
ckd was defined as egfr less than @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) .
results : the cohort was @number@ % female and mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
there were @number@ ( @number@ % ) and @number@ ( @number@ % ) prevalent cases of ckd and cognitive impairment , respectively.
when other disease-related variables were adjusted , the result remained substantially unchanged.
conclusion : among chinese nonagenarians and centenarians , ckd was not directly correlated with cognitive impairment.
background : with increasing life expectancy , fragility fractures of the pelvic ring ( ffp ) are becoming frequent.
usually , these fractures are underestimated and treatment is often conservative.
aims : to evaluate clinical and surgical outcomes of surgically treated patients with ffp.
methods : we retrospectively enrolled @number@ patients , in our trauma center , underwent surgery procedures for ffp between @number@ and @number@
results : at 6-month follow-up , @number@ patients resulted asymptomatic : able to maintain standing position and walk without crunches.
two patients were able to walk with one crunch.
the patient with history of previous acetabular fracture walks with two crunches and is still waiting for total hip arthroplasty.
discussion : the compromised health status and the diminished bone-healing capacity , in elderly , decrease chances for a good clinical outcome.
in literature , many authors suggest that mortality rate in patients with ffp is similar to those with hip fracture.
diagnosis of ffp is very important : these fractures are highly disabling in elderly and can lead to displacement and instability.
for these reasons , correct diagnosis and well-conduct preoperative plan are necessary to improve stability of fractures and support bone healing.
after diagnosis , an anti-osteoporotic treatment is indicated to improve bone quality and bone healing.
conclusions : our study shows encouraging results and demonstrates that minimally or less invasive osteosynthesis technique could lead to good outcome in these patients.
different moderators and mediators may affect the extent and nature of the relationship.
however , the literature on the specific mechanisms whereby ace affects suicidality in later life has not been well identified.
conclusion : aces have persistent and multifaceted effects on suicidality in late life.
this association is due to multi-varied pathways.
background : facial lines or wrinkles are among the most visible signs of aging , and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are becoming increasingly popular.
the flsq comprises baseline and follow-up versions and was field-tested with @number@ subjects in a us observational study designed to assess its psychometric performance.
results : in total , @number@ concepts were elicited during patient interviews.
following cognitive debriefing interviews , the flsq-baseline version included @number@ items and the follow-up version included @number@ items.
response rates for the flsq were @percent@ and @percent@ at baseline and follow-up , respectively ; no items had excessive missing data.
questionnaire scale scores were normally distributed.
most domain scores demonstrated good internal consistency reliability ( cronbach's α ≥ @number@ ) .
concurrent validity correlation coefficients of the flsq domain scores with the associated concurrent measures were acceptable ( range : r = @number@.40-0.70 ) .
six flsq items demonstrated reliability and validity as stand-alone items outside their domains.
conclusions : the flsq is a valid questionnaire for assessing treatment expectations , satisfaction , impact , and preference in adults with ufl.
patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment who attended for routine annual assessment were asked to participate in the study.
the naturalistic action test was carried out after the patient had completed their routine assessment in the clinic.
results : the area under the curve , auc ± se was @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ with @percent@ ci ( @number@.695-0.922 ) .
the difference was not related to age , sex , level of education or informant.
there was discrepancy in @number@ patients using the new cut-off point ( ≥11 for mild cognitive impairment vs ≤10 for dementia ) .
conclusion : the naturalistic action test is a useful tool that can increase diagnostic accuracy in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from early dementia.
the activity level of each child was characterised , with @percent@ reliability , by averaging their eight annual physical activity measures.
conclusions / interpretation : our finding that physical activity attenuates ir during mid-adolescence may be clinically important.
standardized methods for prescribing and monitoring exercise intensity are needed to advance exercise research in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
rpe and hr were assessed every @number@ min during each exercise session with @number@ data pairs.
pearson and spearman correlations and mixed models for correlated data were used for analysis.
the proportions of variance explained by rpe overall , rpe within participant , and rpe within session were only @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
we conclude that the modified 1-10 rpe scale did not show concurrent validity to hr , with large between-individual variability.
however , most of the studies have focused on adolescence and adulthood.
it is still uncertain whether cognitive biases are risk factors for late-life depression.
these results suggest that interpretive bias indicates vulnerability to late-life depression , but basic cognitive abilities may have no influence in this context.
we review findings from laboratory research on age differences in the effects of emotion on cognition.
particular attention is given to sadness leading to mood congruent memory and to anxiety leading to selective attention bias to threat.
pilot work suggests that the presence or absence of these effects may also predict responsiveness to treatment using cbt.
background : aerobic exercise training ( aet ) has been shown to provide health benefits in individuals with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
however , it is yet unknown to what extent aet also improves cognitive and procedural learning capacities , which ensure an optimal daily functioning.
exercise prescription started at @number@ min ( @number@ min / week up to @number@ min ) based on participant's maximal aerobic power.
results : the aet program was effective as indicated by significant improvement in aerobic capacity in all participants.
most importantly , aet improved inhibition but not flexibility , and motor learning skill , in both groups.
importance : testosterone use in older men is increasing , but its long-term effects on progression of atherosclerosis are unknown.
objective : to determine the effect of testosterone administration on subclinical atherosclerosis progression in older men with low or low-normal testosterone levels.
recruitment took place between @date@ and @date@ ; the last participant completed the study in @date@ .
the dose was adjusted to achieve testosterone levels between @number@ and @number@ ng / dl.
changes in intima-media thickness or calcium scores were not associated with change in testosterone levels among individuals assigned to receive testosterone.
sexual desire , erectile function , overall sexual function scores , partner intimacy , and health-related quality of life did not differ significantly between groups.
hematocrit and prostate-specific antigen levels increased more in testosterone group.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00287586.
our approach was applied to two distinct chronic patient management programs.
the results showed the commitment of elder patients and the contribution of mobilicare to the maintenance of a patient's health stability.
increasingly , interprofessional teams are responsible for providing integrated health care services.
effective teams , however , are not the result of chance but require careful planning and ongoing attention to team processes.
our participatory action project introduced mental health huddles to support staff in discussing and managing client-responsive behaviours in long-term care.
staff workers used huddles as a forum to stay informed , review work , problem solve , and develop person-centered action plans.
fifty-six huddles occurred over a 12-week period ; two to seven direct-care staff participated in each huddle.
focus groups indicated improved staff collaboration , teamwork , support , and communication when discussing specific responsive behaviours.
huddles provided ltc staff with the opportunity to collaborate and discuss strategies to optimize resident care.
further research on how huddles affect resident care outcomes is needed.
objectives : peroxiredoxin @number@ ( prx @number@ ) is a newly emerging antioxidant protein that has been studied in several human cancers.
however , there are no clinical data regarding the association of prx @number@ and prognosis in lung cancer.
the association between the degree of prx @number@ expression and several clinicopathologic parameters was then evaluated by statistical analyses.
in contrast , no meaningful relationship was observed between the level of prx @number@ expression and dfs in the adenocarcinoma subgroup.
conclusion : positive prx @number@ expression is significantly correlated with recurrence and shorter dfs in patients with early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma.
results : a total of @number@ patients met inclusion criteria , and approximately @percent@ were prescribed opioids.
prescribing rates for oxygen , short-acting β2-agonists , and short-acting anticholinergics were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
systemic and inhaled corticosteroids were prescribed at higher rates of @percent@ and @percent@ compared to long-acting bronchodilators.
discussion : medications used for copd exacerbation management were prescribed at higher rate than those used for maintenance treatment.
background : primary malignant brain tumors ( pmbts ) are devastating malignancies with poor prognosis.
optimizing psychosocial and supportive care is critical , especially in the later stages of disease.
results : of @number@ patients with pmbt followed to death in hospice care , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were enrolled within @number@ days of death.
conclusions : late hospice referral in pmbt is common.
study design : cross-sectional study.
method : ui was assessed using the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire short-form and a specific severity ui item.
anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques and equipment.
body fat percentage ( bf% ) was measured by bioelectrical impedance.
physical fitness ( pf ) was evaluated by a set of @number@ tests and a fitness index ( fi ) was calculated.
active and sedentary behaviors were recorded by standardized questionnaires.
results : ui was reported in @percent@ of the participants.
among all fitness capacities , upper body flexibility showed the closest relationship with ui.
mean sitting and walking time per day were @number@.3±1.4 and @number@.8±0.9 h / d , respectively.
conclusion : ui was associated with an excess of fat mass and poor pf , especially upper-body flexibility.
the fto rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped using dna samples collected at baseline and ltl was assessed at the 10-year follow-up period.
multiple linear regression analysis was used with adjustments for age , baseline body mass index , and other potential confounders.
no significant interaction between adiposity measures and the fto polymorphism in association with ltl was identified for either sex.
to study whether these differences precede cognitive decline in the elderly.
these differences preceded more extensive cognitive decline present at the age of @number@
this profile could be explained by changes in the frontal lobe and its connections , starting at middle-age.
background : recent studies have suggested that the age-personality relationship may be partly explained by age-related changes in response bias.
in the present study , we analysed how age affected social desirability and acquiescence , and how this effect impacted the age-aggression relationship.
method : we used the indirect-direct aggression questionnaire , which provides response bias and physical , verbal and indirect aggression scores independently of each other.
results : we found that social desirability and acquiescence increased by between one and two standard deviations between adulthood and old age.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) can present with distinct clinical variants.
common atrophy across variants was found in temporoparietal regions that comprise the posterior default mode network ( dmn ) .
at more advanced stages , atrophy patterns largely converged across ad variants.
these findings support a model in which neurodegeneration selectively targets both the dmn and syndrome-specific vulnerable networks at the earliest clinical stages of ad.
background : there is a growing awareness of the need to include the oldest age groups in the epidemiological monitoring of alcohol consumption.
the samples were nationally representative of the swedish population aged 77 + ( total n = @number@ ) .
two outcomes were studied using binary and ordered logistic regression ; use of alcohol and frequency of use among alcohol users.
when adjusted for health , none of these factors related to the survey design were significant.
moreover , the increase in alcohol use during the period was fully explained by cohort replacement.
this cohort effect was also at least partially confounded by survey design and health effects.
results were similar for both outcomes.
conclusions : survey non-participation in old age is likely to be associated with poor health and low alcohol consumption.
trends in alcohol consumption in old age are highly sensitive for cohort effects.
when analysing age-period-cohort effects , it is important to be aware of these health and design issues as they may lead to incorrect conclusions.
the contribution of deficient telomerase activity to age-related decline in osteoblast functions and bone formation is poorly studied.
here , we investigated the signaling pathways underlying the regulatory functions of telomerase in osteoblastic cells.
specifically , a significant increase in igf-induced akt phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity were observed in hmsc-tert.
enhanced alp activity was reduced in presence of igf1 receptor inhibitor : picropodophyllin.
igf1-induced osteoblast differentiation was also impaired in terc ( - / - ) msc.
background : research indicates that the so-called baby boomer generation ( the population born after world war ii ) exhibits worrying health trends.
objectives : the article approaches stress from a generational perspective asking : which are the stressors the baby boomer generation is facing ?
under which conditions and with which resources is exposure to stressors harmful to health ?
is there an accumulation of stress in later working life ?
the results for austrian participants are presented in this article.
macrophage dysfunction plays a pivotal role during neovascular proliferation in diseases of ageing including cancers , atherosclerosis and blinding eye disease.
in the eye , choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) causes blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
targeted inhibition of both il10 receptor-mediated signalling and stat3 activation in macrophages reverses the ageing phenotype.
in addition , adoptive transfer of stat3-deficient macrophages into eyes of old mice significantly reduces the amount of cnv.
systemic and cd163 ( + ) eye macrophages obtained from amd patients also demonstrate stat3 activation.
our studies demonstrate that impaired socs3 feedback leads to permissive il10 / stat3 signalling that promotes alternative macrophage activation and pathological neovascularization.
these findings have significant implications for our understanding of the pathobiology of age-associated diseases and may guide targeted immunotherapy.
purpose : to evaluate gluteus medius and minimus tendon pathology and muscle atrophy in older individuals using mri.
methods : a retrospective mri study of @number@ individuals was performed.
the inclusion criterion was age ≥50.
exclusion criteria were hip surgery , fracture , infection , tumor , or inadequate image quality.
greater trochanteric bursitis was graded none , mild , moderate , or severe.
gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , tensor fascia lata , and iliopsoas muscle atrophy was scored using a standard scale.
insertion site of tendinopathy and location of muscle atrophy were assessed.
descriptive and statistical analysis was performed.
there is an associated progression in atrophy of these muscles , which may be important in fall-related hip fractures.
despite these behavioral observations , the exact mechanisms underlying these neuroplastic phenomena remain obscure.
advanced processing techniques allow performing voxel-based analyses which are capable of detecting novel loci implicated in specific neuroplastic events beyond traditional regions-of-interest analyses.
objectives : to summarise the evidence about the efficacy of a mediterranean diet on the management of type @number@ diabetes and prediabetic states.
electronic searches were carried out up to @date@ .
a random-effect model was used to pool data.
participants : adults with or at risk for type @number@ diabetes.
interventions : dietary patterns that described themselves as using a ' mediterranean ' dietary pattern.
outcome measures : the outcomes were glycaemic control , cardiovascular risk factors and remission from the metabolic syndrome.
results : from @number@ studies , @number@ meta-analyses and @number@ rcts were eligible.
another ' de novo ' meta-analysis of two long-term rcts showed a @percent@ increased probability of remission from the metabolic syndrome.
@number@ meta-analyses demonstrated that higher adherence to the mediterranean diet reduced the risk of future diabetes by 19-23%.
transactive response dna binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) proteinopathy is the major hallmark of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
it is also present in a subset of alzheimer's disease cases.
recently , few reports showed tdp-43 changes in cognitively normal elderly.
in caucasians , tdp-43 proteinopathy independently correlate with cognitive decline.
cognitive reserve is influenced by demographic , environmental and genetic factors.
we investigated the relationships between demographic , clinical and neuropathological variables and tdp-43 proteinopathy in a large multiethnic sample of cognitively normal elderly.
these findings suggested that asian older adults may be protected from the clinical manifestation of brain tdp-43 proteinopathy.
future studies are needed to identify possible race-related protective factors against clinical expression of tdp-43 proteinopathies.
participants were presented with several tools assessing psychological well-being , lifestyle , social desirability , religiosity and subjective physical health.
a significant but moderate relationship was also found between psychological well-being , subjective physical health and religiosity , while controlling for social desirability.
conclusions : social desirability seems to contaminate the self-rating of psychological well-being in late adulthood.
a recent study in autopsy-confirmed parkinson's disease ( pd ) patients and controls revived the debate about the role of park10 in this disorder.
objectives : past work found that close adult attachment dimension scores predict caregiver preparedness.
theory and past research suggests filial obligation ( fo ) may mediate the relationship between attachment and caregiver preparedness.
the goal of this study was to test that hypothesis.
the mean participant age was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the primary finding is that fo mediates the relationship between close attachment style and caregiver preparedness among prospective caregivers.
objective : to identify the baseline motor characteristics of the patients who responded to @number@ prominent intervention programs.
design : observational cohort study.
setting : outpatient rehabilitation clinics.
participants : individuals with chronic stroke ( n = 174 ) .
interventions : participants received @number@ hours of constraint-induced movement therapy ( cimt ) , robot-assisted therapy , or mirror therapy ( mt ) .
main outcome measures : the primary outcome measure was the change score of the upper extremity fugl-meyer assessment ( ue-fma ) .
the potential predicting variables were baseline proximal , distal , and total ue-fma and action research arm test scores.
we combined polynomial regression analyses and the minimal clinically important difference to stratify the patients as responders and nonresponders for each intervention approach.
results : baseline proximal ue-fma scores significantly predicted clinically important improvement on the primary outcome measure after all @number@ interventions.
conclusions : this study could inform clinicians about the selection of suitable rehabilitation approaches to help patients achieve clinically meaningful improvement in upper extremity function.
however , no research has comprehensively examined the effects of overweight or obesity on the feet of individuals older than @number@ years of age.
therefore we investigated whether foot pain , foot structure , and / or foot function is affected by obesity in older adults.
obese participants were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of foot pain and scored significantly lower on the sf-36.
background : physical activity ( pa ) is an important factor to promote healthy ageing.
however , older adults are not physically active enough.
socio-ecological models suggest that weather conditions are determinants of pa and may bias relations between other environmental factors and pa.
this may especially be the case for the most vulnerable and inactive older persons.
purpose : to study the hour-to-hour relationships between weather factors and objectively measured walking and cycling in a sample of dutch older adults.
participants wore a gps logger for @number@ consecutive days.
multilevel linear regression models were fitted with minutes walked and minutes cycled as dependent variables and the weather variables as independent variables.
results : the time older adults walked increased with higher temperature , higher wind speed and the absence of rain.
the time cycled increased with higher temperature.
conclusions : this study improves the evidence of weather factors as a determinant for walking and cycling in older adults.
studies on the relation between environmental factors and pa should consider adjustment for weather factors.
despite evidence that many nursing home residents ' pain is poorly managed , reasons for this poor management remain unanswered.
outcomes included observed nurse pain assessment queries and resident reports of pain.
trained research assistants observed medication administration passes and performed participant interviews after each medication pass.
one month after intervention implementation , @number@ additional day of observations was conducted to determine data reliability.
notably @percent@ of this long-stay nh population only told the nurses about their pain symptoms when asked directly.
findings uncover that using specific pain order sets seems to improve the detection of pain , which should be a routine part of nursing assessment.
of these variables showed significant differences compared with a control group of @number@ fertile men.
on the other hand , the poor responders showed significant changes in these variables compared with matched pretreatment values.
however , in the remaining ≈29% with poor antibiotic responsiveness , a deterioration of all variables is observed.
the trajectory , or slope , of cognitive decline may provide differentiation of older adults with and without incipient neurodegenerative disease.
trajectory groups were compared on consensus diagnoses of dementia and structural mri measures of hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortical thickness.
decliners had more brain atrophy and higher rates of conversion to dementia.
this study highlights the heterogeneity in cognitive aging and provides evidence that most elderly maintain memory function as they age.
associations with dementia and imaging measures validate subgroups of older adults identified with gmm based on their memory trajectories.
future research should use these memory trajectory phenotypes to determine whether dementia risk and protective factors differ for individuals following different memory trajectories.
the presence of rbc autoantibodies has never been extensively investigated in hs.
western blot experiments showed that purified igg fraction from ms-dat-positive patients bind to α- and β-spectrin , band @number@ and band @number@
positive cases displayed increased reticulocytosis and slightly reduced hemoglobin ( hb ) values compared to negative ones.
conclusion : rbc autoantibodies were detected by ms-dat in more than a half of hs patients.
positive cases showed a more evident hemolytic pattern suggesting a pathogenic role of these autoantibodies in rbc opsonization and splenic removal.
participants listened to @number@ songs , viewed @number@ faces , and reported on memories that were evoked.
aging and autobiographical memory : dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval.
psychology and aging , @number@ 677-689 ] .
in support of our hypothesis , meams were more vivid than autobiographical memories evoked by faces.
additionally , we identified sex differences in memory vividness : for both stimulus categories , women retrieved more vivid memories than men.
the results show that music not only effectively evokes autobiographical memories , but that these memories are more vivid than those evoked by famous faces.
discrete quality markers have been linked to director of nursing ( don ) leadership behaviors.
however , the impact of don leadership across all measured areas of don jurisdiction has not been tested using comprehensive domains of quality deficiencies.
methodology : three thousand six hundred nine dons completed leadership and intent-to-quit surveys.
logistic regression procedures estimated associations between variables.
don quit intentions were aligned with higher odds of facility deficiencies across all domains.
the mechanism linking poor quality with high don quit intentions is an area for future research.
encouraging don use of complexity leadership approaches has the potential to improve a broad swath of quality outcomes.
rationale : the association between life course socioeconomic position ( sep ) and subclinical atherosclerosis is not consistent across studies.
socioeconomic adversities early in life are related to an increased probability of a low occupational grade and more stressful jobs in adulthood.
however , the role of job stress in explaining the life course social gradient in subclinical atherosclerosis is unknown.
methods : this study used baseline data ( 2008-2010 ) for @number@ current workers from elsa-brasil.
accumulation of risk across the life course was also evaluated.
job stress was assessed by the swedish demand-control-support questionnaire.
directed acyclic graph and linear regression models were used.
the simultaneous adjustment for all sep indicators showed that only adulthood sep continued to be associated with imt.
however , higher imt values were observed among men and women sequentially exposed to low sep in more than one period of life.
high-strain jobs and low job control were not associated with imt independent of sep.
all subjects were free of overt cardiovascular disease and were not taking hr-altering medications.
subjects were categorized into crf categories ( high , moderate , and low ) relative to age and gender normative classifications.
a general linear-model univariate analysis was performed to test the effect of crf on the decline in hrpeak with age.
the application of crf-specific hrpeak prediction equations should be used to improve interpretation of hrpeak from exercise tests.
unlabelled : running has high injury rates , especially among older runners.
most aging literature compares young with old runners without accounting for the progression of biomechanics throughout the lifespan.
purpose : this study aimed to identify the relations among age and selected running biomechanics throughout the range of 18-60 yr.
age-based regression equations and per-year reductions in all variables significantly related to age are reported.
conclusions : data support previous work showing lower grf , stride length , and velocity in old runners.
background : in guadeloupe , aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the only vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses.
for both diseases , vector control is the only tool for preventing epidemics since no vaccine or specific treatment is available.
however , to efficiently implement control of mosquitoes vectors , a reliable estimation of the transmission risks is necessary.
consequently the aged females will carry more infectious risks.
methodology / principal findings : larvae of ae. aegypti were collected in central guadeloupe and breed under laboratory conditions until adult emergence.
females were kept and fed individually and records of blood-feeding , egg-laying and survival were done daily.
some females were dissected at different physiological stages to observe the ovaries development.
however , for the same parity rates , the estimation of infective life expectation is very different between ae. aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
purpose : we assessed changes in the position of the lens with aging in a general population.
methods : the population-based central india eye and medical study included @number@ subjects.
as part of an ophthalmic examination , anterior segment length ( asl ) was measured sonographically and calculated as anterior chamber depth plus lens thickness.
subjects with nuclear cataract grades @number@ or more ( @percent@ of the sample ) were excluded.
we sought to investigate imaging correlates of incomplete cognitive recovery among individuals with chronic hiv.
myo-inositol ( mi ) was elevated in the frontal white matter ( fwm , p = @number@ ) .
n-acetylaspartate was elevated in the bg ( p = @number@ ) .
at @number@ months , we observed an increase in bg mi ( p = @number@ ) and in fgm ( p = @number@ ) .
compared to those with normal cognition , hand cases had higher fgm mi ( p = @number@ ) at baseline.
conclusions : cart started during chronic hiv is associated with reduced neuronal-glia and inflammatory markers.
alterations in cho are noted among individuals who remain impaired after @number@ months of cart.
poor balance control and increased fall risk have been reported in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( dpn ) .
traditional body sway measures are unable to describe underlying postural control mechanism.
dpn patients and healthy age-matched adults over @number@ years performed two 15-second romberg balance trials.
results suggest that in the lack of sensory feedback cueing , dpn participants were highly unstable compared to controls.
background and purpose : some prior studies have linked ambient temperature with risk of cerebrovascular events.
if causal , the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this putative association remain unknown.
temperature-related changes in cerebral vascular function may play a role , but this hypothesis has not been previously evaluated.
further adjustment for ozone and fine particulate matter ( pm2.5 ) did not materially alter the results.
changes in vascular function may partly underlie the observed associations between ambient temperature and risk of cerebrovascular events.
more research is needed to elucidate natural history and underlying pathomechanisms of the most common airway diseases , asthma and copd.
therefore , recently it has been hypothesized that copd begins in childhood.
thus , prospective investigation of lung function changes including novel scientific methodology has been advocated.
the austrian lead study has been initiated in the general population @number@ to investigate the natural history of obstructive airway diseases.
therefore , promoting appropriate physical activity among older adults in the community is essential to delaying the health implications of aging.
methods : a quasiexperimental design was used.
a convenience sample of @number@ participants from a community care station was recruited.
no significant differences were identified for the other indicators.
however , we recommend further testing the long-term effects of this program on a larger population.
down syndrome ( ds ) is characterized by genetic instability , neurodegeneration , and premature aging.
however , the molecular mechanisms leading to this phenotype are not yet well understood.
ddr with checkpoint activation was indicated by histone h2ax and chk2 protein phosphorylation , and by increased p53 protein levels.
these findings occurred in concomitance with increased levels of phosphorylated xrcc1 detected in ds cells.
these results indicate that ds cells exhibit a ber deficiency , which is associated with prolonged chromatin association of core ber factors.
materials and methods : sixty-four human third molars and four restorative systems were used.
both groups were tested using a microtensile method.
for the cross-sectional microhardness test , standardized class v cavities were prepared and filled with the different restorative systems.
after experiencing repeated thermocycling and being subjected to ph-cycling , the teeth were sectioned.
results : of the restorative systems showed decreased bond strength after storage for one year in artificial saliva.
no significant differences in microhardness were observed among the restorative materials on enamel and dentin.
conclusion : all the restorative systems evaluated presented stable bond strength after one year of storage.
the ph cycling caused a reduction in the superficial enamel microhardness close to the cavity wall.
in dentin , the demineralization affected the superficial and sub-surface areas.
light-chain amyloidosis is a relatively rare multisystem disorder.
the disease often is normally difficult to diagnose due to its broad range of characters without specific symptoms.
a 62-year-old male patient presented with heart failure after experiencing a long period of unexplained and untreated gastrointestinal symptoms.
clinical examination and laboratory findings indicated a systemic process with cardiac involvement.
echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced echogenicity and preserved ejection fraction.
rectum biopsy confirmed amyloid deposition.
the side effect of delayed diagnosis on prognosis and the appropriate diagnostic strategy has been discussed.
results : during follow-up ( median @number@ years ) , @number@ subjects developed t2dm.
parental history of diabetes was positively associated with t2dm incidence.
visceral leishmaniasis ( vl ) is among the seven global endemic diseases assigned a high priority by the world health organization.
in latin america , most cases occur in brazil.
as the growth of the elderly population accelerates in brazil , vl poses a greater challenge to public health.
the lethality rate was @percent@.
multivariate analysis revealed an association between death and time elapsed from symptom onset.
sixty adhd subjects were included into the study aging between @number@ and @number@ years.
levels of naa , creatine and choline in anterior cingulate cortex , cerebellum , striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
then , 10mg oral mph was given to the subjects and the same metabolite levels were measured after an interval of 30min.
changes of brain metabolite levels after mph were found not to be statistically significantly different between the subtypes.
the increase of choline levels after mph compared to the levels of choline before mph in striatum in the combined type patients were statistically significant.
no clear association was found between adhd subtypes and changes of brain metabolites with use of mph in adult adhd.
t lymphocytes are essential mediators of immunity that are produced by the thymus in proportion to its size.
the thymus atrophies rapidly with age , resulting in progressive diminution of new t cell production.
bipolar disorder ( bd ) has been associated with impairments in a range of cognitive domains including attention , verbal learning , and mental flexibility.
these deficits are increased during the acute phases of the illness and worsen over the course of bd.
this review will examine the literature in relation to potential mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in bd.
thirty-nine studies satisfied the criteria for consideration.
aging does not appear to affect cognitive functioning to a greater extent than in hc.
the decline in cognitive abilities over the course of the bd seems to be associated with the number of episodes and number of hospitalizations.
no meaningful interaction of age and bipolar disorder has been found in terms of cognitive decline.
future large-scale longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these findings and assist in the development of preventive interventions in vulnerable individuals.
dual-modal imaging techniques have gained intense attention for their potential role in the dawning era of tumor early accurate diagnosis.
chelate-free robust dual-modal imaging nanoprobes with high efficiency and low toxicity are of essential importance for tumor targeted dual-modal in vivo imaging.
it is still a crucial issue to endow cd-free dual-modal nanoprobes with bright fluorescence as well as high relaxivity.
the fluorescent properties of the gcis / zns bqds can be thoroughly optimized by varying reaction temperature , aging time , and zns coating.
the amount of gd precursor can be well-controlled to realize the optimized balance between the mr relaxivity and optical properties.
the obtained hydrophobic gcis / zns bqds were surface engineered into aqueous phase with pegylated dextran-stearyl acid polymeric lipid vesicles ( peg-ds plvs ) .
in vivo tumor-bearing animal experiments further verified gcis / zns@plvs could achieve tumor-targeted mr / fluorescence dual-modal imaging.
no toxicity was observed in the in vivo and ex vivo experiments.
the gcis / zns@plvs present great potential as bimodal imaging contrast agents for tumor diagnosis.
transitioning to adulthood is not without challenges.
the move away from family influence towards independence and self-determination is filled with uncertainty.
this study revealed transitioning goals and values , challenges encountered while transitioning , and key attributes of resilience that have aided in transitioning.
nurses care for individuals and are uniquely present to intervene throughout all stages of the transitioning process.
knowing which resilient attributes are most effective in facilitating transitioning would be especially useful in the development of preventative holistic patient-centered nursing interventions.
purpose : there are marked differences in facial skeletal characteristics between asian and caucasian.
however , ethnic differences in age-related facial skeletal changes have not yet been fully established.
materials and methods : the study included @number@ men ( aged 20-79 years ) and @number@ women ( aged 20-81 years ) .
axial ct images with a gantry tilt angle of @number@ were analyzed.
results : all @number@ midfacial angles in females and glabellar and maxillary angles in males showed statistically significant decreases with aging.
on the other hand , the orbital and pyriform widths did not show statistically significant changes with aging.
we investigated the utility of sulcal width measures in the diagnosis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
an automated method was used to calculate sulcal widths and hippocampal volumes ( hv ) .
in this region , diagnosis accuracy was better than the hv , especially at prodromal stage.
in load , hv provided the best discrimination power from age-matched controls.
in conclusion , sulcal width measures are better markers than the hv for identifying prodromal ad in patients aged < 65 years.
in contrast , in older patients , the risk of over-diagnosis from using only sulcal enlargement is important.
background : the independent and combined associations of muscle strength and obesity on the prevalence of type @number@ diabetes in japanese men remain unclear.
methods : hand grip strength was cross-sectionally evaluated between @number@ and @number@ to assess muscle strength in @number@ male workers aged @number@ to @number@ years.
weight and height were measured , and overweight / obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg / m ( @number@ ) .
results : in total , @number@ participants had type @number@ diabetes , and @number@ participants were overweight / obese.
background : cancer mortality is increasing with the aging of the population in japan.
cancer information obtained through feasible methods is therefore becoming the basis for planning effective cancer control programs.
there are three time-related factors affecting cancer mortality , of which the cohort effect is one.
past descriptive epidemiologic studies suggest that the cohort effect is not negligible in cancer mortality.
results : the proposed method was applied to liver and lung cancer mortality data on japanese men for illustration.
our method detected significant positive or negative cohort effects.
conclusions : cohort effects detected using the proposed method agree well with previous descriptive epidemiologic findings.
in addition , the proposed method is expected to be sensitive enough to detect smaller , previously undetected birth cohort effects.
current cell therapies , despite all of the progress in this field , still faces major ethical , technical and regulatory hurdles.
in @number@ charles winick proposed that addiction was a self-limiting process , whereby individuals stopped using substances once the stresses of life transitions ceased.
the present study explores winick's research in the context of an ageing population and older adult mental health services.
prevention in this sense meant enhancing the body's ability to cope with the environmental hazards of an already toxic world.
glucose levels , particularly hyperglycemia , are associated with the premature onset of age-related diseases including cvd.
a major challenge in the treatment of elderly patients with chronically elevated blood glucose is the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.
molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemia remain unclear , but are associated with premature onset of age-related-diseases.
here we report a mitochondrial metabolic profile assessing short-term ( up to six hours ) and longer-term ( 12-24h ) durations of low-glucose stress.
this effect appears , in part , to involve activation of the @number@ amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) .
genes involved in lipid metabolism have dominated genetic studies of ppl tg response.
methods : the goldn gwas discovery sample consisted of @number@ participants within families of european ancestry.
genotypes for @number@ variants were measured or imputed from hapmap.
replication of our top results was performed in the heredity and phenotype intervention ( hapi ) heart study ( n = @number@ ) .
meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies ( n = @number@ ) was performed on the top snps from goldn.
this association was attenuated upon additional adjustment for fasting tg.
conclusion : this is the first report of a genome-wide significant association with replication for a novel phenotype , namely ppl tg response.
future investigation into response phenotypes is warranted using pathway analyses , or newer genetic technologies such as metabolomics.
introduction : the status of dementia diagnosis and treatment of neurology outpatients in general hospitals in china remains unclear.
in stage @number@ we intervened based on drawbacks discovered in stage @number@ implementing a dementia initiative program.
in stage @number@ we reinvestigated the outpatients to determine the effects of intervention.
discussion : proper diagnosis and treatment are unavailable to many dementia patients because of a lack of dementia doctors and memory clinics in china.
introduction : vaccination is an effective preventive strategy against influenza.
however , current trivalent influenza vaccines ( tivs ) contain only one of the two influenza b lineages that circulate each year.
vaccine mismatches are frequent because predicting which one will predominate is difficult.
recently licensed quadrivalent influenza vaccines ( qivs ) containing the two b lineages should address this issue.
our study estimates their impact by assessing what would have been the us public health benefit of routinely vaccinating with qiv in 2000-2013.
age-structured population dynamics , vaccine efficacy ( ve ) per strain , and weekly ramp-up of vaccination coverage are modeled.
sensitivity analyses were performed on ve , duration of immunity , and levels of vaccine-induced cross-protection between b lineages.
method : data were drawn from the @number@ national intellectual disability database and the census in ireland.
a standardized mortality ratio ( smr ) was calculated , as well as average age at death.
ratios and differences were further examined for the influence of age , gender and level of intellectual disability.
there was little change in average age at death over @number@ years , and death was earlier the more severe the level of intellectual disability.
protein phosphorylation regulates a wide variety of cellular processes.
thus , we hypothesize that single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) that may modulate protein phosphorylation could affect osteoporosis risk.
in stage @number@ @number@ phossnps were meta-analyzed in @number@ individuals of various ancestries.
further studies will be required to determine the detailed and specific molecular effects of these bmd-associated non-synonymous variants.
objectives / hypothesis : age-related changes in laryngeal muscle structure and function may contribute to deficits in voice and swallowing observed in elderly people.
study design : randomized parallel group controlled trial.
myosin heavy chain isoform composition in the thyroarytenoid muscle was examined at the end of @number@ weeks.
results : significant age and treatment effects were found.
the young adult group had the greatest proportion of superfast-contracting mhciil isoform.
the treadmill running group had the lowest proportion of mhciil and the greatest proportion of mhciix isoforms.
level of evidence : na.
laryngoscope , 126 : 672-677 , @number@
mutations in aptx cause an inherited human disease syndrome characterized by early-onset progressive ataxia with ocular motor apraxia ( aoa1 ) .
aptx is found in the nuclei and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
depletion of aptx causes mitochondrial dysfunction and renders the mitochondrial genome , but not the nuclear genome susceptible to damage.
the biochemical processes that link aptx deficiency to mitochondrial dysfunction have not been well elucidated.
the aging of the population worldwide has sharply increased the number of post-menopausal osteoporosis patients.
bone fragility caused by osteoporosis often results in fractures ; therefore , controlling osteoporosis is crucial to prevent such injuries.
in menopausal conditions , however , estrogen deficiency allows hif1α protein to accumulate in osteoclasts , leading to osteoclast activation and bone loss.
osteoclast-specific conditional hif1α inactivation protects mice from estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclast activation and bone loss , as does systemic administration of a hif1α inhibitor.
therefore , hif1α represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent osteoclast activation and bone loss in post-menopausal patients.
non-communicable diseases ( ncds ) are a leading cause of death and disability , representing @percent@ of the total death number worldwide.
dna damage , mostly oxidative , plays a key role in the development of most common ncds.
the challenge of comorbidity and the potential offered by new systems approaches for introducing these biomarkers into the clinical decision process will be discussed.
mitochondria have a pivotal role in generating cellular oxidative stress , and mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several diseases.
skull deformation is believed to be a contributing factor to some types of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) .
understanding biomechanical contributors to skull deformation would provide further insight into the mechanism of head injury resulting from blunt trauma.
in particular , skull thickness is thought be a very important factor governing deformation of the skull and its propensity for fracture.
previously , age- and sex-based skull cortical thickness changes were difficult to evaluate based on the need for cadaveric skulls.
breast cancer is a hormone-dependent cancer and usually treated with endocrine therapy using aromatase inhibitors or anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen.
a majority of breast cancer , however , will often fail to respond to endocrine therapy.
in the present study , we explored mirnas associated with endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer.
notably , mir-21 was the most abundantly expressed mirna in mcf-7 cells and overexpressed in tamr and lted cells.
we found that mir-378a-3p expression was downregulated in tamr and lted cells as well as in clinical breast cancer tissues.
additionally , lower expression levels of mir-378a-3p were associated with poor prognosis for tamoxifen-treated patients with breast cancer.
golt1a was selected as one of the mir-378a-3p candidate target genes by in silico analysis.
golt1a was overexpressed in breast cancer specimens and golt1a-specific sirnas inhibited the growth of tamr cells.
low golt1a levels were correlated with better survival in patients with breast cancer.
these results suggest that mir-378a-3p-dependent golt1a expression contributes to the mechanisms underlying breast cancer endocrine resistance.
double-stranded rnas ( dsrnas ) can be generated at various conditions including virally infected cells or uv-damaged skin cells.
objective : we examined the effect of poly ( i : c ) on mmp-1 , @number@ and @number@ expressions in human skin fibroblasts.
then , we further explored the underlying signaling pathways involved in the processes.
protein and mrna levels of various target molecules were examined by western blotting and quantitative real-time pcr , respectively.
results : poly ( i : c ) induced mmp-1 , @number@ and @number@ expressions , which were dependent on tlr3.
falls are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults.
every year , an estimated 30-40% of patients over the age of @number@ will fall at least once.
falls lead to moderate to severe injuries , fear of falling , loss of independence and death in a third of those patients.
falls account for @number@ % of all fractures in the elderly.
these fractures are almost always due to low impact injuries in osteoporotic bones.
several organizations have recommended screening older patients to identify those with a high risk of falling and , or fractures.
the present review provides a brief summary and update of the relevant literature , summarizing screening tools and interventions to prevent falls and fractures.
the major risk factors identified are impaired balance and gait , polypharmacy , and history of previous falls.
other risk factors include advancing age , female gender , visual impairments , cognitive decline especially attention and executive dysfunction , and environmental factors.
recommendations for the clinician to screen and prevent falls in older patients are also summarized.
hippocampal circuits are among the best described networks in the mammalian brain , particularly with regard to the alterations that arise during normal aging.
another view has been relatively overlooked - namely that some of these changes arise in adaptive response to protect network function in aged animals.
this possibility leads to a rather different view on the biological variation of function in the brain of older individuals.
conceptually disentangling the initial age-related vulnerabilities from changes that result in adaptive response will be a major challenge for the future research on brain aging.
in recent years , evidence has emerged for a bidirectional relationship between sleep and neurological and psychiatric disorders.
first , sleep-wake disorders ( swds ) are very common and may be the first / main manifestation of underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders.
secondly , swds may represent an independent risk factor for neuropsychiatric morbidities.
thirdly , sleep-wake function ( swf ) may influence the course and outcome of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
inflammation is a double-edged sword with both detrimental and beneficial consequences.
understanding of the mechanisms of crosstalk between the inflammatory milieu and human adult mesenchymal stem cells is an important basis for clinical efforts.
our data suggest that replicative senescence might dramatically impede human mesenchymal stem cell ( msc ) function via global transcriptional deregulation in response to il-2.
within the aging population , there exists a subset of individuals termed masters athletes ( ma ) .
as masters-level competition increases in popularity , ma must find methods to enhance individual athletic performance.
longitudinal beta-alanine ( ba ) supplementation is suggested to enhance physical capability during exercise ; however , these effects have not been evaluated in ma.
twenty-two female ma ( age = @number@ ± @number@ ) participated in this double-blind design.
every @number@ days , subjects completed a cycling tte at @percent@ vo2max , and twc was calculated.
blood lactate was measured at baseline , immediate post , and 20-min post each tte.
no significant differences existed between groups for any variable at baseline ( p > @number@ ) .
no differences existed for variables during intermittent weeks.
in healthy cell , inappropriate accumulation of poor or damaged proteins is prevented by cellular quality control system.
autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system ( ups ) provides regular cytoprotection against proteotoxicity induced by abnormal or disruptive proteins.
e3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial components in this defense mechanism.
however , the detailed molecular pathomechanism of mgrn1 in cellular functions and diseases is not well known.
objectives : to examine the neural correlates of emotion processing in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia ( scz-tr ) .
similarly , neutral images prompted hyper-activations in the cingulate gyrus in scz-tr patients , relative to the two other groups.
conclusions : treatment resistance is associated with neuro-functional hyper-activations in schizophrenia patients during emotion processing.
this study aims to analyse the associations of smoking habits with ltl and rate of ltl change per year in older adults.
methods : ltl was measured by quantitative pcr at baseline in @number@ older adults , who were enrolled in a population-based cohort study in germany.
for longitudinal analyses , measurements were repeated in blood samples obtained at 8-year follow-up from @number@ participants.
terminal restriction fragment analysis was additionally performed in a sub-sample to obtain absolute ltl in base pairs.
multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate associations of smoking habits with baseline ltl and changes in ltl over time.
results : ltl was inversely associated with age ( r = -0.090 , p < 0.0001 ) .
women had longer ltl than men ( p < 0.0001 ) .
smoking was inversely associated with ltl.
on average , current smokers had @number@ base pairs ( bp ) shorter ltl compared to never smokers.
smoking intensity and pack-years of smoking were also inversely associated with ltl , and a positive association was observed with years since smoking cessation.
slower ltl attrition rates were observed in ever smokers over 8years of follow-up.
conclusions : our cross-sectional analysis supports suggestions that smoking might contribute to shortening of ltl but this relationship could not be shown longitudinally.
the overall rather small effect sizes observed for smoking-related variables suggest that ltl reflects smoking-related health hazards only to a very limited extent.
advancing age is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
the aetiology of several cardiovascular disorders is thought to involve impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.
coenzyme q10 ( coq10 ) acts as both an antioxidant and as an electron acceptor at the level of the mitochondria.
furthermore , in cardiac patients , plasma coq10 has been found to be an independent predictor of mortality.
coq10 as a therapy appears to be safe and well tolerated.
the aim of this study is to establish the age-related postural changes recorded by the computerized dynamic posturography.
we carried out a sensory organization test and limits of stability with the neurocom smart balance master ( ® ) posturography platform.
statistical analysis was undertaken using anova ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : age only affects the balance rate under more complex sensory conditions.
limits of stability get worse with age , namely after the age of 40-50 years.
the observation of increased hyperphosphorylated tau levels correlating with microglial activation in opiate abusers has been interpreted as predisposition to accelerated alzheimer disease-related changes.
the present study focused on evaluating additional neurodegeneration-related proteins , including α-synuclein and tdp-43 , and p62-positive deposits.
we confirm previous findings that heroin addiction associates with tau hyperphosphorylation in predilection brain areas for aging and alzheimer disease.
furthermore , we show that this occurs also in areas implicated in the molecular disturbances and in vivo neuronal networks related to heroin abuse.
there was , however , no presence of amyloid-beta deposits.
cognitive decline , especially the slowing of information processing speed , is associated with normal ageing.
this decline may be due to brain cortico-cortical disconnection caused by age-related white matter deterioration.
we investigate associations between older age brain white matter structure , several measures of information processing speed and childhood cognitive ability in @number@ subjects.
beyond @number@ years of age , men experience a decline in the production of testosterone , yet only a few develop late-onset hypogonadism.
the research involved @number@ men aged 50-75 years.
we calculated free androgen index ( fai ) .
the study showed no relationship between tt and ft and the concentrations of metals.
men with tt deficiency had significantly lower concentrations of mg and fe and increased mn.
men with ft deficiency had higher w and cr levels and lower fe.
toxic metals ( cd , pb ) seemed to negatively affect the level of bioavailable testosterone.
in persons not exposed to as , as does not contribute late-onset hypogonadism.
heavy metals ( pb , cd , hg and w ) may contribute to a lower concentration of dheas.
copper and selenium do not seem to play any significant role in the occurrence of tt deficiency in aging men.
we then determined whether the longevity-associated snps were correlated with metabolic parameters in the age group 64-85 years.
t1-11 [ n6- ( 4-hydroxybenzyl ) adenosine ] , isolated from a chinese medicinal herb gastordia elata , is an adenosine a2a receptor agonist.
sca3 and huntington's disease ( hd ) belong to a family of polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases.
t1-11 exerted a therapeutic effect on hd transgenic mouse by decreasing protein level of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin in the striatum.
daily oral administration of t1-11 or jmf1907 prevented neuronal death of pontine nuclei in the sca3 mouse with a dose-dependent manner.
oral application of t1-11 or jmf1907 reversed mutant ataxin-3-q79-induced cerebellar transcriptional repression in the sca3 transgenic mouse.
t1-11 or jmf1907 ameliorated the symptom of motor incoordination displayed by sca3 mouse.
oral administration of t1-11 or jmf1907 significantly decreased protein level of ataxin-3-q79ha in the pontine nuclei or cerebellum of sca3 mouse.
t1-11 or jmf1907 significantly augmented the chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome in the pontine nuclei or cerebellum of sca3 mouse.
methods : the data were derived from national registers and from samples of 75-year old living in denmark , sweden , and finland.
results : the proportion of survivors to age @number@ was markedly smaller among the finnish men and women than danish or swedish subjects.
univariate models revealed @number@ predictors of survival.
in the multivariate models , the significant predictors among men related to physical fitness , whereas among women they pertained to social activities and morbidity.
macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 ( mic-1 / gdf15 ) is a marker of inflammation that has been associated with atherosclerosis.
we have previously demonstrated its relationships with cognitive decline and cerebral gray matter volumes , suggesting its role as a biomarker of cognitive impairment.
we found that the mean fa values were negatively associated with mic-1 / gdf15 serum levels , after bonferroni correction.
whole brain wmh volumes , especially deep wmh volumes , showed a non-significant trend for a positive association with mic-1 / gdf15 serum levels.
the findings suggest that high serum mic-1 / gdf15 levels indicate reduced wm integrity and possibly greater wm pathology.
induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipsc ) and their differentiated derivatives offer a unique source of human primary cells for toxicity screens.
all compounds were tested over a 24-h period at @number@ and @number@ μm , in duplicate , with cytotoxicity measured using the mtt assay.
four compounds ( valinomycin , , deltamethrin , and triphenyl phosphate ) were cytotoxic in all four cell types.
retesting these compounds at @number@ @number@ and @number@ μm using the same exposure protocol yielded consistent results as compared with the primary screen.
finally , the cytotoxicity assay was simplified by measuring luciferase activity using lineage-specific luciferase reporter ipsc lines which were generated from the parental ipsc line.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : psc and the brain.
control patients received usual care , which may or may not have included alcohol counseling.
subjects : current drinkers 60years and older accessing primary care clinics around santa barbara , california ( n = 1049 ) .
measurements : data were collected from patients using baseline , 6- and 12-month mail surveys.
adjusted associations of treatment assignment with these outcomes were estimated using generalized least squares regressions with random provider effects.
aims / hypotheses : obesity is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity ( is ) and elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids ( bcaas ) .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bcaa metabolism and is in overweight ( ow ) individuals during exercise intervention.
ow-untrained then underwent a @number@ month aerobic and resistance exercise programme and repeated testing ( ow-trained ) .
results : is was higher in control vs ow-untrained and increased significantly following exercise.
plasma bcaas and leucine turnover ( relative to ffm ) were higher in ow-untrained vs control , but did not change on average with exercise.
despite this , within individuals , the decrease in molar sum of circulating bcaas was the best metabolic predictor of improvement in is.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01786941.
to assess for mediation , the statistical analyses were carried out following the procedure described by baron and kenny.
in this study , @number@ % of women with hip fracture presented a time to permitted load of ≥ @number@ days.
aim : to compare results of trastuzumab-emtansine ( t-dm1 ) treatment in our clinical practice with data from phase iii clinical trials.
overall , the response rate ( orr ) was @percent@ , disease control rate @percent@ and median progression-free survival ( pfs ) @number@ months.
orr and pfs were similar to the th3resa and emilia trials.
compared to the emilia study , we recorded higher rates of newly-diagnosed cerebral metastasis and cerebral progression in patients with stable peripheral metastases.
conclusion : t-dm1 is effective and well-tolerated even in intensively pre-treated patients.
this paper presents the preliminary results of a study aiming to elicit these needs.
with age the ability to understand speech in multitalker environments usually deteriorates.
the central auditory system has to perceptually segregate and group the acoustic input into sequences of distinct auditory objects.
the present study used electrophysiological measures to study effects of age on auditory stream segregation in a multitalker scenario.
younger and older adults were presented with streams of short speech stimuli.
moreover , the presence of a concurrent stream increased the mmn peak latency of the older group but not that of the younger group.
pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction are recognized pathophysiological features of the disease.
recently , the role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of neonatal ph has attracted much attention.
all patients were initially treated with gefitinib ( @number@ mg / day ) at seven institutions.
common adverse events included rash , diarrhea , and liver dysfunction.
gefitinib treatment was discontinued owing to adverse events of liver dysfunction in @number@ patients , drug-induced pneumonitis in @number@ and diarrhea in @number@
conclusion : first-line gefitinib could be a preferable standard treatment in elderly patients with advanced nsclc harboring sensitive egfr mutations.
we hypothesized that hemolysis could also occur due to intraventricular obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) .
methods and results : we measured erythrocyte creatine in @number@ hcm patients.
erythrocyte creatine levels ranged from @number@ to @number@.36μmol / g hemoglobin.
higher levels of erythrocyte creatine were associated with higher ivpg ( r = 0.437 , p < 0.001 ) .
if erythrocyte creatine levels are high ( ≥1.8μmol / g hemoglobin ) , subclinical hemolysis is considered to be present.
half of lvoto patients and no mvo patients showed high erythrocyte creatine levels.
although non-obstructive patients did not show significant intraventricular obstruction at rest , some showed high erythrocyte creatine levels.
when lvot-pg was measured during the strain phase of the valsalva maneuver in @number@ non-obstructive patients , @number@ of those @number@ patients showed lvoto.
background : age-related olfactory loss ( presbyosmia ) is a prevalent sensory impairment with a large public health impact.
in cross-sectional analyses , we found striking health disparities in olfactory function among older u.s. adults.
here , we report a 5-year follow-up to determine the magnitude of within-person olfactory decline.
odor identification was measured with a 5-item version of the sniffin ' sticks ( 0-5 correct ) .
fourteen hundred and thirty-six respondents provided olfaction data in both waves.
multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to model the association between change in olfactory performance and demographic , health , and psychosocial factors.
among those with perfect scores in wave @number@ african americans declined more rapidly than whites ( p = @number@ ) .
african americans are more likely to experience initial olfactory decline , consistent with an earlier onset of aging among this subgroup.
a model of accelerated aging has been proposed as a potential explanation to these epidemiological findings.
nevertheless , studies measuring telomere length ( tl ) in patients with bd compared to healthy controls have provided mixed results.
objective : to compare tl between bd patients and healthy controls , and to search for potential modep < rators for observed differences.
heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression and subgroup analysis.
results : seven studies met inclusion criteria ( n = 1115 ) .
there was no evidence for publication bias.
heterogeneity was high ( i ( @number@ ) = 89.65% ) .
however , more studies controlling for potential confounders are necessary.
methods : review of the literature.
it is crucial that age-specific treatment guidelines are developed to optimize the outcomes for senior trauma patients.
furthermore , early intensive monitoring , aggressive resuscitation , and time of surgical intervention are of upmost importance to reduce mortality.
permutation testing has been widely implemented in voxel-based morphometry ( vbm ) tools.
however , this type of non-parametric inference has yet to be thoroughly compared with traditional parametric inference in vbm studies of brain structure.
high resolution t1-weighted volume scans were acquired from @number@ healthy adults aged 25-64years.
the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and false discovery rate ( fdr ) was used to correct for multiple comparisons.
however , with @number@ permutations there were approximately @percent@ more statistically significant voxels ( n = 7117voxels ) than with ≥10000 permutations.
permutation testing inference may provide a more sensitive method than traditional parametric inference for identifying age-related differences in gray matter proportion.
purpose : little research has looked beyond individual factors to consider the influence of the neighborhood environment on cognitive function.
conclusions : these results highlight the role of neighborhood environments in buffering cognitive decline among older adults aging in place.
the fus protein is physiologically mainly located in the nucleus , while cytoplasmic fus aggregates are pathological hallmarks of fus-als.
we thereby showed that the severity of the underlying fus mutation determines the amount of cytoplasmic fus accumulation and cellular vulnerability to exogenous stress.
cytoplasmic fus inclusions formed spontaneously depending on both , severity of fus mutation and neuronal aging.
these aggregates showed typical characteristics of fus-als including methylated fus.
finally , neurodegeneration was not specific to layer v cortical neurons perfectly in line with the current model of disease spreading in als.
our study highlights the value and usefulness of patient-derived cell models in fus-als.
the csf biomarkers β-amyloid 1-42 , total tau , and phosphorylated tau at threonine @number@ were measured with commercially available assays.
biomarker values were trichotomized into positive for ad , negative , or borderline.
in @number@.3-52.9 % of patients with ad dementia , a typical csf profile for ad was detected.
here , a refined scheme covering all potential biomarker constellations is proposed.
normal and abnormal differences in sustained visual attention have long been of interest to scientists , educators , and clinicians.
still lacking , however , is a clear understanding of how sustained visual attention varies across the broad sweep of the human life span.
in the present study , we filled this gap in two ways.
first , using an unprecedentedly large @number@ , 430-person sample , we modeled age-related differences with substantially greater precision than have prior efforts.
we found that after the age of @number@ years , the strategy and ability trajectories saliently diverge.
strategy becomes monotonically more conservative with age , whereas ability peaks in the early 40s and is followed by a gradual decline in older adults.
these observed life-span trajectories for sustained attention are distinct from results of other life-span studies focusing on fluid and crystallized intelligence.
background and aim : acidosis is able to induce negative changes of different organs that increase progressively with aging.
at present it is not known whether the levels of lactate may differently influence the prognosis of younger and older patients.
for each patient , apache ii score , time of hospitalization and mortality , blood levels of lactate were collected.
these results confirm the experimental evidence showing acidosis has a greater effect of leading to organ failure and higher mortality with increasing age.
eukaryotic gene expression is tightly regulated post-transcriptionally by rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) and micrornas.
in turn , ago2-let-7 triggered target mrna decay.
our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which auf1 binding and transfer of microrna let-7 to ago2 facilitates let-7-elicited gene silencing.
background : achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative process of the tendon associated with diminished vascularity , microtrauma , and aging.
nonoperative treatments such as activity modification , immobilization , night splints , and physical therapy have good outcomes for the majority of patients.
however , there are cohorts of patients that remain symptomatic despite use of all nonoperative measures that eventually require surgical intervention.
the present study reports the preliminary short-term clinical outcomes of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ( lipus ) for treatment for achilles tendinopathy.
no other treatment modalities were used during the period of lipus stimulation.
all patients had serial clinical exams and evaluations with an average follow-up of @number@ months ( range , 6-50 months ) .
results : excellent clinical outcomes with complete resolution of pain and other symptoms were obtained in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
two patients ( @percent@ ) had good outcomes with mild tendon irritation and stiffness not requiring further intervention.
five patients ( @percent@ ) had minimal benefit with continued pain , swelling , and tenderness over the achilles and functional deficits.
no patients had worsening pain or progression of disability requiring surgery.
levels of evidence : therapeutic , level iv : case series.
methods / design : the study design is a 48-week randomised controlled trial consisting of a 24-week intervention with a 24-week follow-up.
the primary outcome measures will be muscle mass , size and strength and cognitive function.
trial registration : australian new zealand clinical trials registry : actrn12613001153707 .
date registered 16 ( th ) @date@ .
microphthalmos is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by reduced eye size and visual deficits of variable degree.
sporadic and hereditary microphthalmos have been associated with heterozygous mutations in genes fundamental for eye development.
yet , many cases are idiopathic or await the identification of molecular causes.
mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have shown great potential because they cross the mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer and eliminate ros at the heart of the source.
this literature review summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and their contribution to the body's antioxidant defense system.
purpose : periprosthetic fractures of the femur are increasing due to the increase of arthroplasties and the aging population.
they concern a population that is often elderly and with important comorbidities that complicate managing this already complex pathology.
usual complications of classic osteosynthesis are numerous , including infections and nonunions and the need for delayed weight bearing after surgery.
methods-results : the development of locking plates has allowed complication avoidance.
we propose a technical update on handling such fractures by using locking plates under minimally invasive surgery.
background : delirium is the most frequent complication among older people following hospitalisation.
delirium may be prevented in about one-third of patients using a multicomponent intervention.
however , in the united kingdom , the national health service has no routine delirium prevention care systems.
we have developed the prevention of delirium programme , a multicomponent delirium prevention intervention and implementation process.
we have successfully carried out a pilot study to test the feasibility and acceptability of implementation of the programme.
we are now undertaking preliminary testing of the programme.
patients will be eligible for the trial if they have been admitted to a participating ward and are aged @number@ years or over.
discussion : this feasibility study will be used to gather data to inform the design of a future definitive randomised controlled trial.
trial registration : isrctn01187372 .
registered @date@ .
the procedures of both memory tasks included encoding and memory test phases separated by a short delay.
the results of the word-stem completion task showed similar implicit memory in the three groups.
by contrast , explicit recognition of the three groups differed.
importantly , glycosylated hemoglobin levels were not related to performance on either implicit or explicit memory tasks.
these findings revealed a clear dissociation between explicit and implicit memory tasks in normal and pathological aging.
by contrast , the intact implicit memory of the two clinical groups could be used in rehabilitation.
we applied a willingness-to-pay threshold of $ 100 , 000 per quality-adjusted life-year ( qaly ) gained.
results : less intensive screening history , higher background risk for crc , and fewer comorbidities were associated with cost-effective screening at older ages.
sex and race had only a small effect on the appropriate age to stop screening.
crc screening could be more effective and cost effective if individual factors for each patient are considered.
simultaneous performance of a postural and a concurrent task is rather unproblematic as long as the postural task is executed in an automatic way.
however , in situations where postural control requires more central processing , cognitive resources may be exceeded by the addition of an attentionally demanding task.
this may lead to interference between the two tasks , manifested in a decreased performance in one or both tasks ( dual-task costs ) .
however , these changes in the ability of dual-tasking posture from childhood to old age have not yet been systematically reviewed.
seventy-nine studies met inclusion criteria.
for older adults , the expected increase in dual-task costs could be confirmed.
in contrast , in children there was only feeble evidence for a trend towards enlarged dual-task costs.
there is evidence that , in older adults , dual-task performance can be improved by training.
for the other age groups , these effects have yet to be investigated.
age plays a crucial role in the interplay between tumor and host , with additional impact due to irradiation.
proton irradiation of tumors induces biological modulations including inhibition of angiogenic and immune factors critical to ' hallmark ' processes impacting tumor development.
proton irradiation has also provided promising results for proton therapy in cancer due to targeting advantages.
non-invasive detection of colorectal cancer with blood-based markers is a critical clinical need.
here we describe a phased mass spectrometry-based approach for the discovery , screening , and validation of circulating protein biomarkers with diagnostic value.
initially , we profiled human primary tumor tissue epithelia and characterized about @number@ secreted and cell surface candidate glycoproteins.
these candidates were then screened in patient systemic circulation to identify detectable candidates in blood plasma.
the data were deployed to develop and evaluate a five-protein biomarker signature for colorectal cancer detection.
the current management of colorectal cancer ( crc ) would greatly benefit from non-invasive prognostic biomarkers indicative of clinicopathological tumor characteristics.
here , we employed targeted proteomic profiling of @number@ glycoprotein biomarker candidates across plasma samples of a well-annotated patient cohort with comprehensive crc characteristics.
clinical data included 8-year overall survival , tumor staging , histological grading , regional localization , and molecular tumor characteristics.
the acquired quantitative proteomic dataset was subjected to the development of biomarker signatures predicting prognostic clinical endpoints.
protein candidates were selected into the signatures based on significance testing and a stepwise protein selection , each within 10-fold cross-validation.
we further evaluated the performance of the signature on the mrna level and assessed its prognostic value in the context of previously published transcriptional signatures.
additional signatures predicting regional tumor localization and disease dissemination were also identified.
the integration of rich clinical data , quantitative proteomic technologies , and tailored computational modeling facilitated the characterization of these signatures in patient circulation.
these findings highlight the value of a simultaneous assessment of important prognostic disease characteristics within a single measurement.
the majority of studies to date have utilised aspatial methods to identify occ.
we map geographical concentrations by decade and contrast trends in age-adjusted incidence rates , comparing the results to an index of socioeconomic deprivation.
results : suburban cases were found to comprise a growing proportion of occ incidence.
in effect , occ concentrations have dispersed from dense urban cores to suburban neighbourhoods in recent decades.
significantly higher age-adjusted oral cancer incidence rates are observed in suburban neighbourhoods from @number@ to @number@ accompanied by rising socioeconomic deprivation in those areas.
the transport of pyruvate into mitochondria requires a specific carrier , the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier ( mpc ) .
the mpc represents a central node of carbon metabolism , and its activity is likely to play a key role in bioenergetics.
until now , investigation of the mpc activity has been limited.
we show that this low activity can be reversed by increasing the concentration of cytosolic pyruvate , thus increasing oxidative phosphorylation.
this biosensor represents a unique tool to investigate carbon metabolism and bioenergetics in various cell types.
faculty mentor assessments also showed significant improvement in most competencies.
additional benefits included ongoing access to mentorship and training , plus sustained engagement in local and statewide hiv care networks.
our intensive mentoring program model is replicable in other aids education and training centers and in other structured training programs.
in postmenopausal women , manually modified contours led to generally higher cortical bone properties when compared to the automated method.
second , it was to compare precision errors and bone outcomes obtained with both methods within and between groups.
cortical micro-architecture was determined using auto and mod contour methods.
cv%rms and lsc were calculated.
repeated measures and multivariate anova were used to compare mean cv% and bone outcomes between the methods within and between the groups.
significance was accepted at p < @number@
results : cv%rms ranged from @number@ to @number@ %.
within-group precision did not differ between evaluation methods.
young adults had better precision for cortical thickness ( @number@ % , mod ) and tibial cortical density ( @number@ % , auto ) .
conclusions : results suggest that auto and mod endocortical contour methods provide comparable repeatability.
the present study examines age differences in the memory benefits from group-referncing.
after a retention interval , participants completed a surprise recognition memory test.
the results indicate that group-referencing increased recognition memory performance compared to the familiarity judgements for both young and older groups.
however , the group-reference benefit is limited , emerging as smaller than the benefit from self-referencing.
the findings also highlight the need to examine the mechanisms of group-referencing that can lead to variability in the group-reference effect.
background : the failure to provide timely acute illness care can lead to adverse consequences or emergency department ( ed ) use.
we evaluated the effect on ed use of a high-intensity telemedicine program that provides acute illness care for senior living community ( slc ) residents.
materials and methods : we performed a prospective cohort study over @number@ years.
six slcs cared for by a primary care geriatrics practice were intervention facilities , with the remaining @number@ being controls.
consenting patients at intervention facilities could access telemedicine for acute illness care.
the primary outcome was the rate of ed use.
results : we enrolled @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects / proxies in the intervention group ; @number@ subjects served as controls.
primary care use and mortality were not significantly different.
conclusions : high-intensity telemedicine significantly reduced ed use among slc residents without increasing other utilization or mortality.
this alternative to traditional acute illness care can enhance access to acute illness care and should be integrated into population health programs.
physical activity is known to have beneficial effects on a host of factors related to physical and mental health , and positively affects postural control.
results indicated that only current activity promoted better postural control while former activity was ineffective.
this qualitative study was designed to examine the benefits of leisure to older korean women.
the findings of this study demonstrate that involvement in leisure activities offers substantial physical , psychological , and social benefits for older korean women.
background : cerebral white matter lesions ( wml ) have been found in normal aging , vascular disease and several neuropsychiatric conditions.
herein , we aimed to evaluate the associations between bipolar course of illness parameters and wml measured with volumetric analysis.
methods : an audit of routinely collected data regarding @number@ acute ect courses in @number@ public aged psychiatry services in victoria , australia.
results : patients given unilateral , bifrontal , and bitemporal treatments were similar with respect to personal , clinical , and treatment characteristics.
most treatments were administered in line with local clinical guidelines and were rated as effective.
psychiatrists preferred unilateral ect in the first instance with stimulus dosing based on patients ' seizure thresholds.
approximately a quarter of unilateral courses were switched later to bitemporal placement , most probably because of insufficient progress.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia , and there is currently no cure.
the \ "β-amyloid cascade hypothesis \ " of ad is the basis of current understanding of ad pathogenesis and drug discovery.
however , no ad models have fully validated this hypothesis.
these cells were able to recapitulate key events of ad pathology including β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
we will also share our perspective on the potential of dish models of neurodegenerative diseases for studying pathogenic cascades and therapeutic drug discovery.
objectives : physical activity-an important determinant of health and function in old age-may vary according to the life-space area reached.
our aim was to study how moving through greater life-space areas is associated with greater physical activity of community-dwelling older people.
the daily step count , and the time in moderate ( incl. walking ) and low activity and sedentary behavior were assessed.
differences in physical activity between days on which different life-space areas were reached were tested using generalized estimation equation models ( within-group comparison ) .
results : participants ' mean age was @number@.4±4.2 years and @percent@ were female.
only low activity time continued to increase when moving beyond the town.
conclusion : community-dwelling older people were more physically active on days when they moved through greater life-space areas.
this review discusses polymicrobial interactions with the host in both health and disease.
propofol , in contrast to isoflurane anesthesia , significantly increased ( p < @number@ ) anti-inflammatory / antioxidant plasma γ-tocopherol concentration in patients.
additionally , both types of anesthetics do not lead to oxidative dna damage in patients without comorbidities undergoing minimally invasive surgery.
older adults living in deprived areas are at risk of developing frailty and becoming care dependent.
the aim of this qualitative study is to explore how community-dwelling , older adults living in deprived neighbourhoods address ageing issues.
data were analysed using the constant comparative method.
our findings emphasise the resourcefulness of these older adults when coping with apparent adversities.
simultaneously , the findings convey deficits concerning knowledge about ageing and health.
perspectives on how older adults address ageing issues are important for developing leads for nursing practice.
nurses will be challenged to recognise the coping strategies of older adults , particularly considering their deficits in health knowledge.
the results of this study may serve as a basis for community nurses to manage care for older adults in deprived neighbourhoods.
body mass index ( bmi ) and mortality in old adults from the general population have been related in a u-shaped or j-shaped curve.
however , limited information is available for elderly nursing home populations , particularly about specific cause of death.
a systematic pubmed / embase / cinahl / scopus search until @date@ without language restrictions was conducted.
underweight was a risk factor for higher mortality caused by infections ( hr = @number@ [ @percent@ ci = @number@ @date@ ] ) .
rr results corroborated primary hr results , with additionally lower infection-related mortality in overweight and obese than in normal-weight individuals.
like in the general population , underweight is a risk factor for mortality in old nursing home residents.
however , uniquely , not only overweight but also obesity is protective , which has relevant nutritional goal implications in this population / setting.
objective : to examine whether the association between apoe and ps is mediated by white matter microstructure in very old persons without dementia.
method : participants were selected from the population-based snac-k study.
we used structural equation modeling to form seven latent white matter factors ( fa and md ) and one latent ps factor.
circadian rhythm dysfunction and cognitive decline , specifically memory loss , frequently accompany natural aging.
circadian rhythms and memory are intertwined , as circadian rhythms influence memory formation and recall in young and old rodents.
interestingly , epigenetic mechanisms , such as dna methylation and sirtuin1 ( sirt1 ) are necessary for both circadian rhythms and memory.
background : in vitro evidence suggests anti-estrogenic properties for retinol and carotenoids , supporting a chemo-preventive role of these phytochemicals in estrogen-dependent cancers.
methods : we examined @number@ women ≥ @number@ years from the inchianti study.
no association was found between retinol , total non-pro-vitamin a carotenoids , lutein , zeaxanthin , and lycopene , and e2 levels.
conclusions : in older women , β-carotene levels are independently and inversely associated with e2.
limited research has been conducted on healthcare-associated infective endocarditis ( haie ) , although it is of increasing importance.
a retrospective , consecutive case-series analysis was organized and performed during the 20-year study period in huashan hospital , shanghai , china.
it is noteworthy that the results were quite similar between the comparison of patients with nnhca-ie and those with ca-ie.
overall , in-hospital mortality was @percent@.
nosocomial ie patients had an @number@.3-fold and nnhca-ie patients had @number@.5-fold increase in the risk of mortality compared to ca-ie patients.
in conclusion , haie and nnhca-ie have important epidemiological and prognostic implications.
purpose : prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) is the most important marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer.
the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various urologic procedures in prostatic area on serum free and total psa levels.
blood samples were taken from each patient before procedure and at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ minutes after procedures.
there was no significant increase in total and free psa levels in the serum after dre and trus.
the mean differences were greater for free psa level in the serum for turp , trus-guided prostate biopsy , prostate massage , and rigid cystoscopy.
conclusion : total and free psa levels in the serum are altered by prostate massage , rigid cystoscopy , trus-guided prostate biopsy , and turp.
the psa rises were related to the stimulation strength of the procedures.
flow-mediated dilation ( fmd ) is a noninvasive technique used to measure conduit artery vascular function.
limited information is available on normative fmd values in healthy children and adolescents.
the objective of this study was to assess relationships between age and sex with fmd across childhood and adolescence.
sex differences in fmd and baseline artery diameter were assessed using mixed linear models.
there was a significant effect of age on fmd ( p = @number@ ) , with a reduction in fmd apparent postpuberty in males.
the use of age- and sex-specific fmd data may therefore not be pertinent in childhood and adolescence.
background and purpose : the arterial spin-labeling method for cbf assessment is widely available , but its accuracy is not fully established.
we investigated the accuracy of a whole-brain arterial spin-labeling technique for assessing the mean parenchymal cbf and the effect of aging in healthy volunteers.
phase-contrast mr imaging was used as the reference method.
arterial spin-labeling parenchymal cbf values were averaged over the whole brain to quantify the mean pcbf ( asl ) value.
results : pcbf ( asl ) correlated to pcbf ( pcmri ) ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the age-related decrease in parenchymal cbf was augmented in arterial spin-labeling compared with phase-contrast mr imaging.
we included patients with an ejection fraction ≤35% who received ( icd registry ) and who did not receive ( gwtg-hf ) an icd.
compared with patients with an icd , patients in the non-icd group were older and more likely to be female and white.
objective : to evaluate whether aligning the part d low-income subsidy and medicaid program enrollment pathways in @number@ increased medicaid participation among new medicare beneficiaries.
data sources : medicare enrollment records for years 2007-2011.
data extraction methods : we identified new medicare beneficiaries in the years 2008-2011 and their participation in medicaid based on medicare enrollment records.
there was no significant difference in the size of enrollment increases between states with and without concurrent limited medicaid eligibility expansions.
conclusions : our findings suggest that streamlining financial assistance programs may improve medicare beneficiaries ' access to benefits.
this study presents the first update of the cognitive performance scale ( cps ) in @number@ years.
secondary analysis of data from @number@ older adults from @number@ countries was completed.
examination of scale dimensions using older and new items was completed using a forward-entry stepwise regression.
the revised scale was validated by examining the scale's distribution with a self-reported dementia diagnosis , functional problems , living status , and distress measures.
cognitive performance scale @number@ extends the measurement metric from a range of @number@ to @number@ for the original cps , to @number@ to @number@
cognitive performance scale @number@ enables repeated assessments , sensitive to detect changes particularly in early levels of cognitive decline.
background : the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) is a very widely used test for mild cognitive impairment.
differing recommendations have been made regarding its utility in providing a profile of performance across several cognitive domains.
methods : a cross-sectional analysis of wave @number@ data from the irish longitudinal study on ageing was undertaken.
results : mean age was @number@ ( range @number@ to @number@ ) , @percent@ female.
the cfa provided evidence of adequate overall model fit for a previously proposed 6-factor model.
in contrast , efa yielded a 3-factor solution and test items cross-loaded onto a number of factors with no clear pattern of underlying cognitive domains.
the moca should not be viewed as a substitute for more in-depth neuropsychological assessment when domain-specific information is required.
this is true for high- as well as low- and middle-income countries.
as a result of this increased life expectancy , people living with hiv are now at risk of developing other chronic diseases associated with aging.
in low- and middle-income countries , @number@ large observational studies have recently reported clinical characteristics and outcomes in these patients.
hiv-associated heart failure remains a common cardiac diagnosis in people living with heart failure , yet a unifying set of diagnostic criteria is lacking.
treatment patterns for heart failure fall short of society guidelines.
the current study investigated the extent to which young and older adults are able to direct attention to distinct processes in mapping spelling onto sound.
both younger and older adults produced reduced word-frequency effects and lexicality effects in the regularization task compared to the normal pronunciation task.
mutations in vps35 ( park17 ) cause autosomal dominant , late onset parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we did not find evidence of dominant toxicity from any variant form including the pathogenic d620n mutation , even with aging.
this process is also promoted by two other pd-lined genes parkin ( park2 ) and pink1 ( park6 ) .
we demonstrate here that vps35 genetically interacts with parkin but interestingly not with pink1.
strikingly , vps35 overexpression is able to rescue several parkin-mutant phenotypes.
background : demand for aged care services continues to soar as a result of an aging population.
this increasing demand requires more residential aged care facilities and healthcare workforce.
however , the aged care sector is still in the early stages of adopting ict.
objective : the aim of this study was to identify the key issues that affect the adoption of ict in the aged care sector.
methods : a systematic literature review was undertaken and involved four steps.
the first two steps aimed to identify and select relevant articles.
data was then extracted from the selected articles and identified issues were analyzed and grouped into three major categories.
results : ict adoption issues were categorized into different perspectives , representing older people , health professionals and management.
our findings showed that all three groups were mostly concerned with issues around behavior , cost and lack of technical skills.
background : arsenic induces neural tube defects in many animal models.
additionally , studies have shown that mice with specific genetic defects in folate metabolism and transport are more susceptible to arsenic-induced neural tube defects.
we assessed participants for level of myelomeningocele , administered questionnaires , conducted biological and environmental sample collection , and performed genotyping.
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water.
candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified through review of the literature.
conclusion : our results support the hypothesis that environmental arsenic exposure increases the risk of myelomeningocele by means of interaction with folate metabolic pathways.
dualistic notions about gender and sexuality have permeated the field of couple and family therapy.
these binary constructions have been limiting for everyone , especially those who fall outside the male / female dichotomy.
this article examines the impact of these binary notions , especially on transgender and gender-creative individuals , couples , and families.
methods and results : a systematic search was conducted.
studies describing normal healthy subjects and observational studies that used control groups as a comparison were included.
data were combined using a random-effect model.
effects of demographic , clinical and equipment variables were assessed through meta-regression.
the search identified @number@ subjects form @number@ articles.
longitudinal strain ( ls ) normal mean values varied from @number@ to @number@ ( mean , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
radial strain ( rs ) normal mean values varied from @number@ to @number@ ( mean , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
meta-regression showed lv end diastolic diameter as a significant determinant of variation for ls.
longitudinal systolic strain rate ( lsrs ) was significantly determined by the age and rs by the type of vendor used.
conclusion : variations among different normal ranges were dependent on the vendor used , lv end-diastolic diameter and age.
objective : cognitive deficits are among the strongest predictors of function in individuals with schizophrenia.
this relationship continues to be strong as these individuals grow older into their eight decade.
cognitive remediation ( cr ) improves cognition in individuals with schizophrenia.
this study aims at assessing the feasibility and potential effect of cr in patients with schizophrenia @number@ years of age or older.
cr was provided in eight , 2-h weekly didactic sessions and online at-home exercises.
computerized drill and practice exercises were used with bridging to activities of daily life.
computer exercise selection and difficulty level parameters optimized adherence.
progression individually determined difficulty levels.
we modified computer laboratory ergonomics to accommodate mobility needs.
participants were assessed at baseline and end-of-study using clinical and cognitive assessments.
results : twenty-two participants enrolled : @number@ ( mean [ sd ] age : @number@ [ @number@ ] ) completed cr.
these means are over @number@ sd below the norms.
the change in global cognition was not statistically significant ( paired t ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : our pilot study suggests that cr is well tolerated by most older outpatients with schizophrenia.
future studies need to assess whether increasing the frequency or the number of cr sessions leads to significant improvement in cognition.
background : depression , if broadly defined , is the commonest late-life mental disorder.
morbidity accounts of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts were examined for a subsample that also underwent complete medical examination ( n = @number@ ) .
results : we selected for analyses the items that corresponded to dsm-iv criteria and constructed a dichotomous variable.
the prevalence was @percent@ , and most pronounced among the oldest women ( @percent@ ) .
the overall prevalence of suicidal thoughts was @percent@.
being a woman , illiterate or single were all risk factors for depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.
these associations remained unaccounted for by the social network and economic variables.
co-residing with a child and having a high quality of contact were protective of both depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.
conclusions : prevalence figures for depressive symptoms among elderly in rural bangladesh are high.
demographic , social network , and morbidity factors are independently associated with both depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.
this is the first study to report prevalence figures for depressive symptoms in this population.
purpose : we aimed to elucidate the associations among physical activity , sedentariness , and eds in middle-aged and older adults.
eds was defined as a score > 10 on the epworth sleepiness scale.
leisure-time physical activity and different types of sedentary behavior were assessed with the modifiable activity questionnaire.
the associations were examined with multivariable logistic regression models.
the association persisted in analyses restricted to individuals not taking sleep medication ( orq4 vs q1 = @number@ @number@ % ci = @number@.54-0.95 ) .
conclusions : the findings reinforce public health recommendations promoting behavior modification and specifically moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged and older adults.
sleep disturbances increase with increasing age in both males and females and become fairly common in the older community when compared to their younger counterparts.
even though these sleep disturbances increase with advancing age , there are nevertheless inherent differences in sleep disturbances between males and females.
they are also less likely to use antidepressants but will metabolize zolpidem @percent@ slower than men.
the primary microstructural unit of cortical bone , the secondary osteon or haversian system , is widely assumed to have a cylindrical shape.
it is generally accepted that osteons are roughly circular in cross-section and deviations from circularity have been attributed to deviations from longitudinal orientation.
to our knowledge this idealized geometric relationship , which assumes osteons are perfect cylinders , has not been rigorously explored.
the overall mean measure of on.aspr ( @number@ ) was @number@ ( @number@ aspect ratio ) .
mean osteon orientation was @number@.1° ( 90° being longitudinal ) .
this relation with age accounted for @percent@ of the variation of on.aspr ( @number@ ) .
the results revealed that osteons , on average , are not circular in cross-section and that 3d orientation cannot account for deviation from circular shape.
osteons thus are strictly speaking not cylinders , as they tend to have elliptical cross-sections.
we observed that osteons did become less elliptical in cross-section with age independent of orientation - suggesting this is a real change in morphology.
chronic inflammation is now recognized as a contributing factor to many age-associated diseases including metabolic disorders , arthritis , neurodegeneration , and cardiovascular disease.
due to the connection between chronic inflammation and these diseases , it is essential to understand underlying mechanisms behind this process.
in this review , factors that contribute to chronic inflammation are discussed.
drug development for psychiatric disorders has almost ground to a halt.
some newer drugs are better tolerated or safer than older ones , but none is more effective.
to promote the development of psychiatric drugs with greater efficacy , we need to improve the way we bring potentially beneficial drugs to market.
we need to acknowledge , as has been done in other specialties , that people differ in their response to drugs.
psychiatric drug research needs to be grounded in a better understanding of molecular brain mechanisms , neural circuits , and their relations to clinical disease.
with this understanding , drugs need to be more precisely directed at specific brain targets.
objective : telomeres are regions at the ends of chromosomes that maintain chromosomal structural integrity and genomic stability.
on average , african americans ( afam ) have longer ltl than whites , but the ltl-chd relationship in afam is unknown.
we investigated the relationship of ltl with chd and mortality among afam.
chd or mortality hazards ratios were estimated using race-stratified and risk factor-adjusted cox proportional hazards models.
shorter ltl was associated with older age , current smoking , and white race / ethnicity.
there was no association between chd and ltl in afam.
white women with shorter ltl had higher risks of mortality.
in contrast , shorter ltl was weakly associated with decreased mortality hazard in afam.
cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) , the deposition of amyloid-β in cerebrovascular walls , is the most common cause of lobar hemorrhagic stroke.
here , we extended these findings and evaluated mmp-9 expression in postmortem brain tissues of human caa cases.
mmp-9 colocalized with caa , correlated with the severity of the vascular pathology , and was detected in proximity to microbleeds.
we demonstrated that topical application of recombinant mmp-9 resulted in a time- and dose-dependent cerebral hemorrhage.
amyloid precursor protein mice with significant caa developed more extensive hemorrhages which also appeared sooner after exposure to mmp-9.
our data suggest an important role for mmp-9 in development of hemorrhages in the setting of caa.
inhibition of mmp- @date@ present a preventive strategy for caa-associated hemorrhage.
we here report synthesis for the first time of the acetyl salicylic acid dimer @number@'-methylenebis ( 2-acetoxybenzoic acid ) ( das ) .
das inhibits aberrant complement activation by selectively blocking factor d of the alternative complement pathway and c9 of the membrane attack complex.
we have previously identified aurin tricarboxylic and its oligomers as promising agents in this regard.
das is much more potent , inhibiting erythrocyte hemolysis by complement-activated serum with an ic50 in the 100-170 nanomolar range.
consequently , there is a high priority for the discovery and development of agents that can successfully treat such conditions.
das holds considerable promise for being such an agent.
cerebral activity was recorded using electroencephalograph in young and older individuals performing a spatial memory task that required the creation of cognitive maps.
power spectra were computed in the frontal and parietal regions and correlated with recognition performance.
we found that accuracy of cognitive mapping was positively correlated with left frontal theta activity during encoding in young adults but not in older individuals.
compared with young adults , older participants were impaired in the creation of cognitive maps and showed reduced theta and alpha activity at encoding.
these results suggest that encoding processes are impaired in older individual , which may explain age-related cognitive mapping deficits.
the underlying pathophysiological pathways of frailty are not known but the axis and heightened chronic systemic inflammation appear to be major contributors.
after correcting for multiple testing none of the associations remained significant.
conclusions : we provide potential evidence for the involvement of a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine gene ( tnf ) in the frailty phenotype.
the implication of this gene is further supported by association with the endophenotype biomarker results.
hypothesis : risk of stroke in hyperthyroidism-related af is the same as nonhyperthyroid counterparts.
methods : this was a single-center observational study of @number@ chinese patients with nonvalvular af from @date@ to @date@ .
patients with af diagnosed concomitantly with hyperthyroidism were identified.
primary and secondary endpoints were defined as hospitalization with ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in the first @number@ years.
patient characteristics , duration of af , and choice of antithrombotic therapy were recorded.
self-limiting af was defined as < 7 days ' duration.
results : out of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had concomitant hyperthyroidism and af at diagnosis.
ischemic stroke occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , and no patient developed hemorrhagic stroke.
patients with cha2 ds2 -vasc of @number@ did not develop stroke.
presence of hyperthyroidism did not confer additional risk of ischemic stroke compared with nonhyperthyroid af.
conclusions : patients with hyperthyroidism-related af are at high risk of stroke ( @percent@ per year ) .
warfarin confers stroke prevention in patients with cha2 ds2 -vasc ≥1 and non-self-limiting af.
overall stroke risk was lower in hyperthyroid non-self-limiting af patients compared with nonhyperthyroid counterparts.
method : the data were derived from a population-based cross-sectional study among community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ and older.
in addition to translating the djgls for these ethnic groups , several statistical analyses were performed to assess the scale's reliability and validity.
results : the djgls proved to be internally consistent and to have adequate convergent validity among all ethnic groups.
known groups validity was observed using functional limitations and subjective health as grouping variables.
fit of latent structural models varied between good and poor.
further research is needed to investigate ethnic differences in levels and determinants of loneliness.
age-related increase in frailty is accompanied by a fundamental shift in cellular iron homeostasis.
by promoting oxidative stress , the intracellular accumulation of non-heme iron outside of binding complexes contributes to chronic inflammation and interferes with normal brain metabolism.
in the absence of direct non-invasive biomarkers of brain oxidative stress , iron accumulation estimated in vivo may serve as its proxy indicator.
hence , developing reliable in vivo measurements of brain iron content via magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is of significant interest in human neuroscience.
less consistent are the findings that pertain to the relationship between elevated brain iron content and systemic indices of vascular and metabolic dysfunction.
only a handful of cross-sectional investigations have linked high iron content in various brain regions and poor performance on assorted cognitive tests.
the even fewer longitudinal studies indicate that iron accumulation may precede shrinkage of the basal ganglia and thus predict poor maintenance of cognitive functions.
dairy consumption has also been shown to promote fm loss in different subpopulations and to be positively associated with fat oxidation.
twenty-six older overweight sarcopenic men ( @number@ ± @number@ years old ) were recruited for the study.
body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry and ree by indirect calorimetry.
fasting glucose , insulin , leptin , inflammatory profile , and blood lipid profile were also measured.
significant decreases were observed with fm only in the dairy supplement group ; no changes were observed for any other variables.
more studies are warranted to explain this significant decrease in fm.
we examined whether there is an acute increased risk of falls in the days following a change to an antipsychotic or benzodiazepine drug prescription.
methods : we collected information on @number@ long-stay nursing home residents from two facilities who fell at least once between @date@ and @date@ .
psychotropic drug changes were ascertained from the facilities ' computerized medication administration log.
results : mean age was @number@ years , and @percent@ were female.
stopping a benzodiazepine was associated with a significantly reduced fall risk ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions : benzodiazepines pose an immediate threat to fall risk , whereas it is less clear if antipsychotics also pose an immediate risk.
nursing home staff should be particularly vigilant in the days following the new prescription for a benzodiazepine in an effort to prevent injury.
mcr subtypes were not mutually exclusive.
at baseline , mcrv was associated with deficits in attention and language as well as in overall cognitive status.
mcrswv was associated with deficits in all cognitive domains including memory.
obesity and sedentariness were risk factors of mcrv , mcrsl , and mcrsw.
conclusions : mcr subtypes based on individual gait parameters show commonalities and differences in cognitive profiles and risk factors.
future studies should investigate whether the mcr subtypes predict different subtypes of dementia.
eyebrows serve a key role in eye protection , communication , and self-expression.
trends in eyebrow grooming are constantly evolving , often requiring plucking , waxing , or laser hair removal to style.
when combined with the natural thinning of the brow with aging , the result can be a sparse or even absent eyebrow hair over time.
follicular unit transplantation provides a means of restoring eyebrow fullness and architecture.
with careful attention and augmentation of follicle transfer techniques , a natural end result is possible.
background : prescription is a complex challenge facing clinicians caring for elderly inpatients.
potentially inappropriate medication ( pim ) use frequently leads to adverse drug events and geriatric syndromes.
strategies to reduce pim use are thus urgently needed.
methods : the study was conducted in patients aged @number@ years or older admitted to a teaching hospital between april and @date@ .
results : the cas identified at least one alert in @number@ patient-days , i.e. , @percent@ of screened patient-days.
in @percent@ of those patient-days , at least one alert was judged to be clinically relevant.
the change rate was @percent@.
the most frequent changes were drug discontinuation ( @percent@ ) and dose reduction ( @percent@ ) .
the inpatient geriatric consultation team was involved in only @percent@ of the hospitalizations with at least one change in medication.
conclusion : the intervention model reduced high-risk medication use in older inpatients.
most of the vulnerable inpatients identified by cas alerts would not have otherwise had a geriatric medication review.
cadazolid , a novel antibiotic , exhibits potent in vitro activity against clostridium difficile , including the epidemic bi / nap1 / 027 strain.
secondary endpoints included recurrence rate , sustained clinical response ( clinical cure without recurrence ) , and time to diarrhea resolution.
of @number@ patients enrolled , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ received @number@ @number@ or @number@ mg cadazolid bid or @number@ mg vancomycin qid , respectively.
there was no evidence of a cadazolid dosage-dependent response.
each dosage of cadazolid resulted in a lower recurrence rate than with vancomycin ( @number@ to @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
consequently , higher sustained clinical response rates were observed with cadazolid ( @number@ to @percent@ ) than with vancomycin ( @percent@ ) .
the times to diarrhea resolution were similar for cadazolid and vancomycin.
cadazolid was well tolerated , with no safety signal observed.
the results of this phase @number@ study support further clinical development of cadazolid.
( this study has been registered in the united states at clinicaltrials.gov under registration no.
nct01222702 and in europe with the european medicines agency under registration no.
eudra-ct 2010-020941-29. ) .
skeletal muscle mass , function , and repair capacity all progressively decline with aging , restricting mobility , voluntary function , and quality of life.
in adult tissues , muscs are retained in a quiescent state until they are primed to regenerate damaged muscle through cycles of self-renewal divisions.
with aging , muscle tissue homeostasis is progressively disrupted and the ability of muscs to repair injured muscle markedly declines.
until recently , this decline has been largely attributed to extrinsic age-related alterations in the microenvironment to which muscs are exposed.
functional assays using ex vivo liver tissue sections demonstrate that klf11- / - mice display increased insulin sensitivity.
decline of cognitive function is a part of aging.
however , intensive cognitive training can improve important cognitive functions , such as attention and working memory.
in a randomized clinical trial with @number@ older adults , findings from log data analysis and questionnaires revealed a good use of the online platform.
communication or assistive features were not used often.
good usability ratings were given to the cognitive exercises.
subjective improvements of cognitive functions due to the training were reported.
the current article presents concrete requirements and recommendations for deploying cognitive training software in older adult residential homes.
the study adopted a qualitative approach in which the signs , meanings , and actions model was used in the data collection and analysis.
\ "to stay still or not to stay still \ " is the underlying question in functioning and disability in old age.
health teams need to interfere in this concept , providing care to older people during their recovery and until the end of life.
methods : eighty-three men with ed due to t2dm were included in the study.
the group @number@ ( n = @number@ ) patients received lifestyle modifications ( diet and exercise ) , and medical treatment for intensive glycemic control.
the changes in ed were compared between the two groups after three months of treatment.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ ( 26-75 ) years.
full data were available for @number@ participants.
the sdq is a reasonably accurate , rapid approach for ranking usual frequencies of selected nutrients and foods.
further testing is needed in a broader age range.
objectives : despite the increasing number of lesbian and gay older adults , research geared towards health and well-being of this population is limited.
many lesbian and gay seniors experience health disparities and are at risk for poor health outcomes.
the aims of this study were to gather in-depth information on the concerns of lesbian and gay elders with respect to aging and care needs.
method : the sample included @number@ gay men and lesbian women aged 50 + years.
data were gathered via focus groups and questionnaires.
conclusions : these findings suggest needed areas of support and programs for older gay men and lesbian women.
they also suggest that healthcare professionals might need more training regarding the particular needs and concerns of this community.
the loss of muscle mass and strength with aging , referred to as sarcopenia , is a prevalent condition among the elderly.
interestingly , sarcopenia has been associated to a deficit of sex hormones which decrease upon aging.
they are activated in response to stress , enabling them to guide skeletal muscle regeneration.
thus , these cells could be a key factor to overcome sarcopenia.
of importance , satellite cells are 17β-estradiol ( e2 ) and testosterone ( t ) targets.
in this review , we summarize potential mechanisms through which these hormones regulate satellite cells activation during skeletal muscle regeneration in the elderly.
the advance in its understanding will help to the development of potential therapeutic agents to alleviate and treat sarcopenia and other related myophaties.
efficient and regular performance of ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy continuously eliminate deleterious accumulation of nonnative protiens.
in cellular quality control system , e3 ubiquitin ligases are significant employees for defense mechanism against abnormal toxic proteins.
few findings indicate that lack of functions of e3 ubiquitin ligases can be a causative factor of neurodevelopmental disorders , neurodegeneration , cancer and ageing.
however , the detailed molecular pathomechanism implying e3 ubiquitin ligases in cellular functions in multifactorial disease conditions are not well understood.
circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) are in limited numbers and heterogeneous , making their detection , isolation , and enumeration a major challenge.
to overcome these difficulties , we developed a novel method to detect and enumerate ctcs with invasive property.
our assay consists of three simple steps : enrichment , matrigel invasion assay , and immunostaining.
we have validated this method using mouse xenograft tumor models and confirmed its utility in human cancer patients.
background : with the aging of our society , concerns about the quality of nursing homes have been increasing.
however , there is limited evidence about how nursing homes use this publicly disseminated performance information.
methodology : all @number@ medicare- and medicaid-certified nursing homes in indiana were surveyed between august and @date@ .
the response rate was approximately @percent@.
the survey data were compared with the nhc data to identify the gap.
ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted.
longer work experience and greater county occupancy rates were associated with a larger performance gap.
the major pathogenic mechanism of aids is the massive apoptotic destruction of the immunocompetent cells , including uninfected cells.
the simplification of this complex network paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate hiv-1 infection.
the aim of this study was to determine the universality and the clinical utility of ga in screening for diabetes mellitus.
fasting blood samples were obtained to measure hba1c , plasma glucose , serum ga , insulin , and measures of kidney and liver function.
the reference values for these parameters were determined.
data from patients with diabetes and non-diabetic controls were also compared.
the 95th percentile values for ga and hba1c in controls were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
our suggested ga and hba1c cut-points for prediabetes at the 75th percentile of the normal population would be @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : these data indicate that ga values can be used as a surrogate parameter for hba1c in screening for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.
time-based prospective memory ( tbpm ) is required when it is necessary to remember to perform an action at a specific future point in time.
this type of memory has been found to be particularly sensitive to ageing , probably because it requires a self-initiated response at a specific time.
the design allowed participants to monitor time by checking a clock whenever they decided.
participants also completed a classic time-production task and several executive tasks assessing inhibition , updating and shifting processes.
this could in turn be partially explained by age-related temporal deficits , as evidenced in the duration production task.
these findings suggest that studies designed to investigate the age effect in tbpm tasks should consider the contribution of temporal mechanisms.
skin represents an attractive target for dna vaccine delivery because of its natural richness in apcs , whose targeting may potentiate the effect of vaccination.
nevertheless , intramuscular electroporation is the most common delivery method for ectm vaccination.
intradermal electroporation ( ep ) vaccination resulted in transfection of different skin layers , as well as mononuclear cells.
additionally , we observed a marked recruitment of reactive infiltrates mainly 6-24 hours after treatment and inflammatory cells included cd11c ( + ) .
moreover , balb-neut mice displayed slow tumor growth as compared to control group ( p < @number@ ) .
our results identify intradermal ep vaccination as a promising method for delivering her2 / neu dna vaccine.
human adipose tissue is a great source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells ( hascs ) , which are recognized for their vast therapeutic applications.
their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages makes them a promising tool for cell-based therapies in different types of degenerative diseases.
thus it is crucial to evaluate age-related changes in hascs , as the elderly are a group that will benefit most from their considerable potential.
it also has been known that , during life , organisms accumulate oxidative damage that negatively affects cell metabolism.
taking this into consideration , we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide , reactive oxygen species , and superoxide dismutase activity.
we observed that ros and no increase with aging , while sod activity is significantly reduced.
moreover cells obtained from older patients displayed senescence associated features , for example , β-galactosidase activity , enlarged morphology , and p53 protein upregulation.
all of those characteristics seem to contribute to decreased proliferation potential of those cells.
prevalence of depression is between @percent@ and @percent@ in cvd patients.
pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions have long been studied , and in general are safe and somewhat efficacious in decreasing depressive symptoms in patients with cvd.
the impact on cardiac outcomes remains unclear.
great progress has been made in understanding potential mediators between major depressive disorder and cvd both health behaviors and shared biological risks such as inflammation.
despite mounting evidence for its efficacy and the increasing popularity , the safety of bfr exercise in relation to cardiac loads has not been established.
the aim of this study was to determine the response of central hemodynamics during the bfr exercise to assess its impact on cardiac load.
incident wave amplitude ( iwa ) and reflected wave amplitude ( rwa ) were obtained by the wave separation analysis.
significant effect of bfr was seen in iwa but not in rwa.
these findings suggest that even during slow-speed walking , leg bfr induces substantial hypertensive responses in the aorta.
however , this response could not be explained by the augmented wave reflection.
objective : our study's objective was to investigate the association between empirically derived dps in midlife and ha after @number@ y of follow-up.
results : a \ "western \ " and a \ "healthy \ " dp were identified.
after adjustment for a large number of potential confounders , there was no significant association between the western dp and ha.
making use of the findings of these studies , this article examines two problems concerning the effect of life extension on population size and welfare.
i argue that overpopulation is highly unlikely to result from technologies that slow ageing.
the upshot of these arguments is that the population problems discussed provide scant reason to oppose life extension by slowed ageing.
descriptive analysis , univariate analysis and estimates of multivariate models through logistic regression ( or , @percent@ ci ) were realized.
results : @number@ of the @number@ evaluated seniors were included in the present analysis.
the consumption of beer was associated with use of tobacco between women ; and with marital status and schooling between men.
the consumption of distilled beverages was associated with schooling and use of tobacco between women ; and age and use of tobacco in men.
daily or weekly use was associated with schooling and use of tobacco between women ; age and the use of tobacco between men.
similar associations related to frequent ( daily or weekly ) consumption were also identified.
significant differences in the profile of consumption were identified between men and women , with more abusive use among men.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 16 : 810-820.
the elderly are particularly susceptible to trauma , and their outcomes are frequently dismal.
such patients often have complicated clinical courses and ultimately die of infection and sepsis.
subsequent analysis with a murine trauma model also demonstrated that elderly mice had increased mortality after posttrauma pseudomonas pneumonia.
in addition , elderly people appeared unable to resolve their inflammatory response to severe injury effectively.
despite the benefits associated with caregiving , caregiver stress can lead to negative physical and mental health consequences , or \ "caregiver burden \ ".
methods : all data was obtained from the @number@ national study of caregiving ( nsoc ) .
sensitivity analysis was also conducted by repeating the efa on demographic subsets of caregivers.
reliability of each factor varied , and was strongest for the positive emotional domain for caregiver burden.
these domains were generally consistent across demographic subsets of informal caregivers.
outcomes : we evaluated self-reported cessation rates by day @number@ and after @number@ and @number@ months and stratified the two groups by education levels.
the results were opposite for the fcf group.
a stepwise logistic regression showed that education levels may play a role in various intervention methods.
being married and higher fagerström test scores were also predictors of cessation tendencies.
conclusions : education levels may affect the benefits of booster counselling sessions on smoking cessation among chinese smokers.
methods : this was a retrospective cohort study of patients with copd attending an outpatient pr program.
the efficacy of pr was defined as a 54-m increase in 6-min walk distance or a four-point decrease in st. george's respiratory questionnaire score.
patients were divided into two age groups according to the median age of @number@ years.
pr efficacy was not different between the elderly group and the younger group by either parameter.
a total of @percent@ of the patients had at least one chronic comorbidity.
hypertension was the most frequently reported comorbidity ( @percent@ ) .
of the individual comorbidities or indexes were correlated with the efficacy of pr.
multiple logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index was independently associated with the response to pr.
conclusions : pr is equally effective in elderly and younger patients with copd , with efficacy influenced by body mass index and anxiety.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 16 : 934-941.
to determine the biological role of these dgs , null animal models have been generated.
here , we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking neil2 ( nei-like @number@ ) .
however , middle-aged to old neil2-null mice show the accumulation of oxidative genomic damage , mostly in the transcribed regions.
this study provides the first in vivo evidence of genomic region-specific repair in mammals.
furthermore , telomere loss and genomic instability were observed at a higher frequency in embryonic fibroblasts from neil2-null mice than from the wt.
moreover , neil2-null mice are much more responsive to inflammatory agents than wt mice.
neil2 is thus likely to play an important role in long term genomic maintenance , particularly in long-lived mammals such as humans.
introduction : colorectal cancer ( crc ) is the third most common cancer in china.
the incidence of crc has been increasing in recent years.
the aim of this study was to explore the incidence trends and the age distribution of crc by subsite in guangzhou between @number@ and @number@
methods : a total of @number@ incident cases of crc between @number@ and @number@ from guangzhou cancer registry were identified.
crude incidence and age-standardized rates ( asrs ) , using the segi's world standard population , were calculated for crc and crc subsites.
the incidence trend was analyzed and the annual percentage change ( apc ) in incidence was calculated by using joinpoint software.
the asrs of crc incidence stabilized during the period of 2000-2011 for both males and females.
for females aged @number@ years and older , the crc incidence increased by @percent@ annually ( p = @number@ ) during 2000-2004.
the percentage of colon cancer in all crcs increased significantly for both males and females between the periods of 2000-2002 and 2010-2011.
conclusions : the crude incidence of crc increased significantly between @number@ and @number@ because of the aging , whereas the asrs kept stable.
the percentage of colon cancer in all crcs increased significantly.
further surveillance , research , and intervention are needed to identify the causes of these changes and to reduce the incidence and mortality of crc.
this study aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in the elderly.
relative risks ( rrs ) using a random effects model were calculated and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings.
results : eight studies ( n = @number@ ) were included in the meta-analysis.
the occurrence of myopathy , rhabdomyolysis and cognitive impairment was largely unreported in the included trials.
conclusions : from a risk-benefit perspective , there is a role of statins for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients.
further studies are needed to ascertain the benefits of statins on fatal mi , stroke and all-cause mortality.
however , the contribution of this marker to long-term outcome has not been assessed in patients with chronic coronary heart disease.
conclusions : low alt levels are associated with increased long-term mortality among middle-aged patients with stable coronary heart disease.
this association remained statistically significant after adjustment for other well-established risk factors for mortality in this population.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus is characterised by persistent thromboxane ( tx ) -dependent platelet activation , regardless of disease duration.
inter-individual heterogeneity is evident in aging ; education level is known to contribute for this heterogeneity.
on the other hand , education level , as measured by years of formal education , produced an opposite effect on the long-term.
these results demonstrate the increased brain efficiency in individuals with higher education level that may mitigate the impact of age on brain functional connectivity.
hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) are common disorders of aging men.
as the world population is aging these two diseases are becoming a significant public health problem worldwide.
approximately @percent@ of men treated for bph have coexisting hypertension.
it is reasonable to use α-adrenergic blockers as the treatment of choice for men with hypertension and bph.
results : twenty-four eyes of @number@ patients ( n = @number@ hiv-positive and @number@ hiv-negative ) were imaged with the adaptive optics camera.
conclusion : our present study shows that the cone photoreceptor density is significantly reduced in hiv retinae compared with age-matched controls.
hiv retinae also have increased macular retinal thickness that may be caused by inner retinal edema secondary to retinovascular disease in hiv.
in addition , it is not known whether the effects of pa on brain function differ or overlap with those of crf.
we modeled the relationships between crf , pa , and brain functional integrity using multivariate partial least squares analysis.
our results suggest that engaging in higher intensity pa may have protective effects on neural processing in aging.
finally , we demonstrated that older adults with greater overall wm microstructure were those showing more li-pa and mv-pa and greater sdbold.
we conclude that sdbold is a promising correlate of functional brain health in aging.
future analyses will evaluate whether sdbold is modifiable with interventions aimed to increase pa and crf in older adults.
middle age is associated with a pronounced decline in power and flexibility.
participants in each age group were randomly allocated to an intervention ( wbvt ) or control group.
the wbvt groups trained for @number@ weeks on a vibration platform , while the control groups performed identical exercises , with no vibration.
prior to , and after , the 5-week study vertical countermovement jump ( vcmj ) and range of motion ( rom ) performance were measured.
wbvt significantly ( p = @number@ ) improved vcmj performance when compared to the control groups.
this improvement was significantly ( p = @number@ ) greater in the middle-aged compared with the younger wbvt group.
wbvt significantly ( p = @number@ ) improved rom irrespective of age.
taken together , these results suggest that wbvt can off-set age related performance decrements , which has therapeutic implications for musculoskeletal aging.
therefore , wbvt could be undertaken to minimise age-related performance deterioration in middle-aged female populations.
demographic changes are associated with a steady increase of older patients with end-stage organ failure in need for transplantation.
as a result , the majority of transplant recipients are currently older than @number@ years , and organs from elderly donors are more frequently used.
these age-related changes impact older transplant candidates and may have significant implications for an age-adapted immunosuppression.
recommendations of maintenance and induction therapy may help to improve graft function and to design future clinical trials in the elderly.
hip pain is common in all age groups , and osteoarthritis of this joint is an increasingly recognized problem particularly in aging populations.
one of the primary goals in the diagnostic evaluation in patients with hip pain is to identify and correct pathologies that could progress to osteoarthritis.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) has become an important noninvasive method for characterizing hip anatomy and pathology in these patients.
in turn , these can allow quantitative assessment and enable imagers to more directly compare the findings of patients at earlier stages of disease.
it is important to understand the fundamental principles of various mri techniques and their limitations to know when these techniques can best be applied.
background : the unprecedented global growth in older adults merits high-quality gerontological nursing care.
methods : a two-week international service-learning project was undertaken by visiting sa and learning about their nursing system and care of older adults.
service-learning is an innovative teaching-learning-service method that provided reflective and hands-on experience of gerontological nursing.
this article provides a personal reflection of lessons learned about ageing and gerontological nursing during the service-learning project.
findings : care of older adults in sa is in many ways different from and similar to that in the usa.
consequently global nurses should recognise those differences and provide culturally appropriate care.
this service-learning experience also demonstrated the need for gerontological nursing education in sa.
based on this , recommendations on how to infuse and advance gerontological nursing education in sa are provided.
conclusion : caring for older adults in a global context requires knowledge and understanding of cultures and their values and practices.
with a growing population of diverse older adults , there is a need for incorporation.
the 3t mri using neuroquant has an increased resolution @number@ times that of @number@.5t mri.
a majority of these patients exhibited overlap in measured areas of atrophy and were cognitively impaired.
these results positively correlated with decreased p300 values and wms-iii ( wms-iii ) scores differentially across various brain loci.
aging and delayed p300 latency correlated with lower fa.
the correlation between working memory and reduced fa in frontal lobes is marginally significant ( p = 0.0787 ) .
in the centrum semiovale ( cs ) , reduced fa correlated with visual memory ( p = 0.0622 ) .
lower demyelination correlated with higher p300 amplitude ( p = 0.0002 ) .
compared to males , females have higher demyelination ( p = 0.0064 ) .
along these lines , the higher the p300 amplitude , the lower the bilateral atrophy ( p = 0.0165 ) .
hippocampal atrophy correlated with increased auditory memory and gender , especially in males ( p = 0.0087 ) .
central atrophy correlated with aging and immediate memory ( p = 0.0294 ) : the higher the immediate memory , the lower the central atrophy.
generally , the validation of brain atrophy by p300 and wms-iii could lead to cost-effective methods utilizable in primary care medicine following further confirmation.
jill turns @number@
should this change how she evaluates her life , and would a similar change occur when she turns @number@ ?
this study examines whether milestone birthdays change the way people evaluate their life.
we show that life outlook is impacted by this temporal landmark , which appears to punctuate people's mental maps of their life cycle.
correspondingly , they place less emphasis on daily emotional experiences.
while impairments in memory recall are apparent in aging , older adults show a remarkably preserved ability to selectively remember information deemed valuable.
thus , our data also show that age-related reductions in prestimulus activity do not always lead to inefficient performance.
oscillations are not driven by upstream metabolic fluctuations , but rather by autonomous ionic mechanisms , the details of which are unclear.
oscillations were closely coupled to exocytosis , indicated by coincident synaptophluorin fluorescence enhancement.
the l-type ca ( 2 + ) channel inhibitor isradipine did not inhibit oscillation-linked exocytosis.
testing one's memory of previously studied information reduces the rate of forgetting , compared to restudy.
in the present study , we investigated the effect of testing for these two recall types , using verbally encoded action phrases as learning materials.
however , noun-cued recall of verbs initiated more new subsequent learning during the first restudy , compared to verb-cued recall of nouns.
design : we analysed data concerning the gluteal adipose-tissue fatty acids ( analysed by gc ) from three studies.
setting : the island of crete ( rural areas and the city of heraklion ) .
these changes may reflect internal physiological processes due to diet change within these years and / or ageing.
frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly , increasing the risk of poor outcomes that include falls , incident disability , hospitalization , and mortality.
thus , a great need exists to characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately identify strategies that prevent , delay , and even reverse frailty.
electrophilic compounds have been shown to be activators of these transcription-mediated responses through s-alkylation of specific regulatory proteins.
this notion was based on the differential oxidation potentials of the isomers for the transformation of the hydroquinone to the active , electrophilic quinone species.
the redox potential was then compared with functional biological activity , and the para-hydroquinones demonstrated a superior neuroprotective profile.
a comprehensive understanding of the biogenesis of this phenomenon and mechanistic changes from oxidative pathways may provide novel information on completing the sundowning puzzle.
multivariable multilevel logistic regression was performed , controlling for personal socio-demographic and health characteristics and geographical area remoteness and socio-economic status.
conclusions : different approach among geographical areas and intervention programs for identified cultural groups and their providers are warranted to improve disparities in diabetes care.
introduction : this study was designed to identify predictors of pain and declines in function among elderly patients following a fall-related hip fracture.
of these , @number@ were randomly selected to complete an additional @number@ months of follow-up ( t2 ; n = @number@ ) .
potential predictors included sociodemographic variables , in-hospital and clinical pre- and post-fracture data , and activities of daily living at baseline and follow-up.
multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis.
conclusions : frailty before hip fracture is a predictor of greater post-fracture pain and deterioration in function.
given that exercise programs help prevent frailty , promoting exercise in elderly may improve the prognosis of hip fracture.
this study examines the relationships among depressive symptoms , transitions to widowhood , worsening health , and family support in japan over @number@ years.
the analyses focus on availability and receipt as the two primary dimensions of intergenerational support relationships.
this study examined the ways in which individuals over @number@ years old solved problems while volunteering in intensive humanitarian and disaster relief service.
thirty-seven men and women in the sample were sponsored by three religious organizations well known for providing humanitarian and disaster relief service.
semistructured interviews yielded data that were analyzed qualitatively , using mccracken's five-step process for analysis.
the volunteers ' sharing of knowledge , experience , and support with each other were also noticeable in their accounts of their service.
this sharing contributed strongly to their sense of emotional stability and effectiveness in solving problems.
cross-cultural studies of advertising representations of older people are relatively scarce.
the findings are discussed in relation to the stereotyping of older people and transformed into hypothetical statements to be modified in future research.
with china's gender imbalance and increasingly severe male marriage squeeze , patterns of intergenerational support in rural areas are likely to undergo significant change.
random-effect regression analysis shows that son's marital status has strong effects on financial support to and coresidence with parents.
parents ' support of sons , as well as the parents ' own needs and sons ' capabilities all affect the support provided by sons.
these results show that both theories of exchange and altruism are simultaneously relevant in the context of the marriage squeeze of contemporary rural china.
this analysis investigates to what extent the self-enhancement values in the schwartz taxonomy-achievement , power , and hedonism-can predict retirement behavior.
self-enhancement values were measured using the norwegian life course , generations and gender study beginning in @number@
statistical analysis was performed using discrete time proportional odds ( logistic regression ) duration models for each birthday.
the results show that two self-enhancement values , achievement and hedonism , discourage disability retirement but do not affect nondisability retirement.
the hedonism effect is partially associated with the fact that individuals holding hedonistic values are in good health.
it encompasses multiple subspecialties of geriatrics , anatomic pathology , molecular pathology , clinical pathology , and gerontology.
klotho deficient mice exhibit short lifespan and characteristics of aging and malnutrition , including decreased fat and muscle mass , osteopenia , and impaired fertility.
conclusions : klotho levels are low in the acute stage of an and increase with nutritional rehabilitation.
low klotho on admission may be secondary to low igf-1 levels and may contribute to the clinical manifestations of an.
the role of klotho in the pathophysiology of an and as a novel marker of disease severity should be further explored.
background : depression and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in old persons but are potentially reversible.
full recovery is the main goal in the treatment of depressive episodes.
however , observational studies on the course of dll are scarce.
the patients were evaluated with the madrs at admission to and discharge from hospital.
the mean , median , minimum and maximum values for days stayed in hospital were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
effect size ( es ) was calculated to determine which madrs symptoms changed most during the treatment.
remission ( madrs score ≤9 at discharge ) was experienced in @number@ ( @number@ % ) of the patients.
having a diagnosis of dementia was associated with a lower remission rate and less improvement in the madrs score during the treatment.
poorer physical health was associated with a lower response rate.
having experienced previous episode ( s ) of depression was associated with a lower remission rate.
clinicians should therefore pay close attention to these factors when evaluating treatment.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01952366.
too often , examples of aging or obsolete equipment , unit operations , processes , or entire facilities have been encountered.
regulatory hurdles of post-approval changes in the process may thwart companies ' efforts to implement new technologies.
as an example , some changes have required @number@ years to gain global approval.
this paper will address cases of aging processes and facilities aside from modernizing options.
cerebral β-amyloid ( aβ ) deposition and atrophy are central features of alzheimer disease.
we studied @number@ participants of the three-city-dijon cohort , aged 65-80 years.
plasma aβ measurement and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline and after a 4-year follow up.
total brain , gray matter , and hippocampal volume were estimated using voxel-based morphometry , and annualized change in brain volumes was calculated.
increased plasma aβ1-40 was associated with lower baseline hippocampal volume.
the hasc were intravenously injected into the tail vein of a pd mouse model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine.
consequently , the behavioral performances were significantly improved at @number@ weeks after the injection of hasc.
overall , this study underscores that intravenously transplanted hasc may have therapeutic potential for pd by recovering mitochondrial functions.
the common and specific involvement of brain networks in clinical variants of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is not well understood.
significant decreases in connectivity were found across ad variants compared with controls in the non-dmn networks.
within the dmn components , patients showed higher connectivity in the anterior dmn , in particular in logopenic aphasia.
no significant differences were found for the posterior and ventral dmn.
objective : elderly with several pathologies are usually treated with many drugs , and are exposed to a majored risk of drug-induced adverse effects.
this study assesses the conformity of prescriptions in elderly patients prior and after the distribution of the booklet.
the geriatric drug guidelines included a list of medicines suitable for the elderly ( conformity list ) and recommendations for prescription and monitoring.
data collection was conducted from medical records and interviews with coordinators doctors and nursing staff in nursing homes.
a @number@ items-quality score was calculated , ranging from @number@ ( lowest quality ) to @number@ ( highest quality ) .
median times of latest serum creatinine dosage were @number@ days ( prior ) and @number@ days ( after ) .
the median number of prescribed drugs was @number@ per resident during the two period of study.
the conformity rate of prescription was better prior the distribution of the guidelines , respectively @percent@ and @percent@ ( p < 10⁻³ ) .
the average formal quality score was better after the distribution of the booklet increasing form @number@ to @number@ points ( p < 10⁻⁴ ) .
for high risk inducing drugs , monitoring was prescribed in @percent@ ( prior ) and @percent@ ( after ) .
active ageing is one of the most important issues taken up by the who in regard to ageing societies.
aim : the sacral canal has been frequently used as \ "a passage \ " for minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for spinal diseases.
various anatomic measurements of the sacral hiatus , surrounding structures , and sacral canal were performed.
sacral curvature angle and lumbosacral lordotic angle were noted.
the anteroposterior ( ap ) diameter of the hiatus was less than @number@ mm in @percent@ of cases.
the shortest sacral canal ap diameter was commonly located at the s2 and s3 levels in @percent@ and @percent@ of cases , respectively.
the levels of maximum curvature were at s3 and s2 in @percent@ and @percent@ of cases , respectively.
median sacral curvature angles and lumbosacral lordotic angles were measured as 164° and 134° , respectively.
conclusion : sacral structures have morphometric variations.
understanding of the detailed anatomy may improve the reliability of interventional procedures.
circulating amylin oligomers that cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain may be an important contributor to diabetic cerebral injury and neurodegeneration.
moreover , increasing epidemiological studies indicate that there is a significant association between t2dm and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
amylin and β-amyloid ( aβ ) may share common pathophysiology and show strikingly similar neurotoxicity profiles in the brain.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is one of the most prevalent forms of joint disorder , associated with a tremendous socioeconomic burden worldwide.
oa-associated epigenetic aberrations have been noted at the level of dna methylation and histone modification in chondrocytes.
these epigenetic regulations are implicated in driving an imbalance between the expression of catabolic and anabolic factors , leading eventually to osteoarthritic cartilage destruction.
cellular senescence and metabolic abnormalities driven by oa-associated risk factors appear to accompany epigenetic drifts in chondrocytes.
notably , molecular events associated with metabolic disorders influence epigenetic regulation in chondrocytes , supporting the notion that oa is a metabolic disease.
here , we review accumulating evidence supporting a role for epigenetics in the regulation of cartilage homeostasis and oa pathogenesis.
background : vitamin-k antagonists ( vkas ) present an effective anticoagulant treatment in deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) .
however , the use of vkas is limited because of the risk of bleeding and the necessity of frequent and long-term laboratory monitoring.
objectives : to estimate resource utilization and costs of patients treated with the vkas acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon , for the indication dvt.
furthermore , a formal cost-effectiveness analysis of dabigatran compared to vkas for dvt treatment was performed , using these estimates.
a pooled analysis of data from re-cover and re-cover ii on dvt was used to reflect the probabilities for events in the cost-effectiveness model.
dutch costs , utilities and specific data on coagulation monitoring levels were incorporated in the model.
next to the base case analysis , univariate probabilistic sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed.
the probability that dabigatran is cost-effective at a conservative willingness-to pay threshold of €20 , 000 per qaly was @percent@.
sensitivity and scenario analyses also indicated cost savings or cost-effectiveness below this same threshold.
conclusions : total inr monitoring costs per patient were estimated at minimally €138.
cost savings or favorable cost-effectiveness were robust in sensitivity and scenario analyses.
these functions are predicted to be involved in regulation of spontaneous action potential ( ap ) generation of these cells.
we characterized the system rate-limiting biochemical reactions by integrating these experimentally derived data into a mechanistic-computational model.
model simulations predicted that phospholamban phosphorylation is a potent target of the increase in pka activity that links to increase in spontaneous ap firing rate.
thus ca ( 2 + ) -camp / pka-dependent phosphorylation limits the rate and magnitude of increase in spontaneous ap firing rate.
purpose of review : predicting fracture risk is a major challenge because it allows the prevention of major osteoporotic fracture in high-risk populations.
with the aging of the population , this matter will become of even greater importance.
in recent years , novel clinical , biochemical , and imaging tools have been developed to improve the assessment of fracture risk.
summary : dxa and clinical fracture risk prediction tools are preferential markers of fracture risk.
clinical fracture risk alone might be used if dxa facilities are unavailable.
the fracture risk assessment tool may be used in osteoporosis consultation in many countries.
other tools may be used soon after more studies are performed , particularly trabecular bone score , quantitative ultrasound , bone turnover markers.
specific factors for example falls , hip axis length , vertebral fracture assessment could be used in individual patients.
this may significantly improve the clinical decision-making.
next-generation sequencing technology allows simultaneous analysis of multiple susceptibility genes for clinical cancer genetics.
we conducted multiplex genetic testing of @number@ cancer susceptibility genes using the peripheral blood dna of the mother and all five daughters.
wrn frameshift mutation is considered a potential pathogenic variation according to the guidelines of the american college of medical genetics.
a novel wrn frameshift mutation ( p.n1370tfs 23 ) was identified in the three cancer patients and in the youngest unaffected daughter.
other rare non-synonymous germline mutations were also detected in dicer and elac2.
given its extensive use in clinical genetic screening , multiplex genetic testing is a promising tool in clinical cancer surveillance.
objective : to evaluate lactation duration in relation to subsequent atherosclerosis in women during midlife.
conclusion : shorter lactation duration is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis independent of prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and traditional risk factors.
the magnitude of differences in carotid artery intima-media thickness may represent greater vascular aging.
lactation may have long-term benefits that lower cardiovascular disease risk in women.
level of evidence : ii.
dry eye disorders are becoming more common due to many causes , including an aging population , increased pollution , and postrefractive surgery.
current treatments include artificial tears ; gels ; lubricants ; tear duct plugs ; and anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids , doxycycline , and cyclosporine.
for more severe forms of the disease , serum tears and scleral contact lenses are employed.
in human trials , it improves both the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe dry eye with effects lasting beyond the treatment period.
we will also speculate on additional mechanisms that might promote eye repair based on data from other tissue injury models.
such studies provide the rationale for use of tβ4 in other types of eye disorders beyond dry eye.
finally , we will identify the gaps in our knowledge and propose future research avenues.
posterior surface astigmatism and lens astigmatism were not age-dependent.
presence of grin did not alter significantly the magnitude or axis of the lens astigmatism.
the astigmatic angle of posterior surface , grin lens , and homogeneous refractive index lens did not change significantly with age.
conclusions : the axis of lens astigmatism is close to the astigmatic axis of the anterior lens surface.
age-related changes in lens astigmatism appear to be related to changes in the anterior lens astigmatism.
the influence of the grin on lens astigmatism and the astigmatic axis is minor.
context : liver enzyme serum levels within and just above the normal range are strong predictors of incident morbidity and mortality in the general population.
however , despite the close links between hepatic pathology and impaired bone health , the association of liver enzymes with osteoporosis has hardly been investigated.
design : this was an observational , cross-sectional study.
no association was found for aspartate transaminase.
purpose : threshold tracking is a new noninvasive approach for detecting axonal excitability changes in vivo.
they also examined whether age affects these indices.
methods : seventy normal subjects aged 22-70 years ( mean , @number@ ± @number@ years ) were recruited.
multiple excitability indices were measured in both motor and sensory axons from median and ulnar nerves.
excitability indices measured in the sensory axons of both nerves were not overtly different.
in r-square analysis , age had a homogeneous influence on sensory axon excitability but heterogeneous influence on motor axon excitability.
conclusions : the excitability indices may be interchangeable for sensory axons but not motor axons.
the authors therefore recommend recording motor axonal excitability in various muscle groups rather than a single muscle group.
purpose : wartime combat exposure is linked to a broad array of negative outcomes.
post-traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) and social support were examined as moderators between combat exposure and outcomes.
methods : data from the national comorbidity survey , baseline and 10-year follow-up , were utilized.
only men aged 50-65 at follow-up ( n = @number@ ) were included.
group differences between combat and non-combat men were examined.
however , combat-exposed men reported economic advantages , including higher personal earnings at follow-up.
mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for tissue health , and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to numerous diseases , including heart failure.
finally , we found that klf4 regulates autophagy flux through transcriptional regulation of a broad array of autophagy genes in cardiomyocytes.
collectively , these findings identify klf4 as a nodal transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
objective : as the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease , pre-hypertension and hypertension are important public health challenges.
few studies have focused on the trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension specifically for the aging population in china.
methods : we conducted two cross-sectional surveys of chinese adults aged ≥60 years in @number@ and @number@
results : the age- and sex-standardized prevalence of hypertension significantly increased from @percent@ to @percent@ from the @number@ to the @number@ survey.
conclusion : hypertension prevalence increased rapidly between the years surveyed.
although the awareness , treatment and control of hypertension improved significantly , the values of these variables remained low.
using the scale in relation to other psychometric and demographic measures provided three important , novel findings.
first , the frequency of involuntary and voluntary memories and future thoughts are similarly related to general measures of emotional distress.
this challenges the idea that the involuntary mode is uniquely associated with emotional distress.
thus , involuntary autobiographical remembering relates differently to aging than daydreaming and other forms of spontaneous and uncontrollable thoughts.
third , unlike involuntary autobiographical remembering , the frequency of future thoughts does decrease with age.
this finding underscores the need for examining past and future mental time travel in relation to aging and life span development.
aging occurs as a series of small steps , first causing cellular damage and then affecting tissues and organs.
this is also true in the brain.
frailty , a state of increased risk due to accelerated deficit accumulation , is robustly a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
community-based autopsy studies show that frail individuals have brains that show multiple deficits without necessarily demonstrating cognitive impairment.
this in turn makes additional damage more likely.
if true , this suggests that a life course approach to preventing cognitive impairment is desirable.
furthermore , conducting studies in highly selected , younger , healthier individuals to provide ' proof of concept ' information is now common.
we aimed to determine normal reference ranges for prostate volume ( pv ) and annual pv change rate in a korean nationwide screening population.
data from men who underwent a routine health check-up were collected from @number@ university hospitals.
the cohort comprised men aged ≥40 yr who had undergone @number@ or more serial transrectal ultrasonographies.
linear regression and mixed effects regression analyses were used to predict mean pv and longitudinal change in pv over time.
a total of @number@ men formed the study cohort.
age , body mass index ( bmi ) , and serum prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) level were found to be significant predictors of pv.
a predicted pv table , with a @percent@ confidence interval ( cis ) , was developed after adjusting for these @number@ variables.
annual pv change rate was @number@ ml / year ( @percent@ ci , @number@.47-0.55 ) .
predicted annual pv change rate differed depending on age , bmi , serum psa level and baseline pv.
our newly established reference ranges for pv and annual pv change rate will be valuable in interpreting pv data in korean men.
inadequate vitamin d status is highly prevalent in the korean population , especially among young adults.
nonetheless , correlates of suboptimal vitamin d levels in young adults are not well defined.
this study aimed to investigate potentially modifiable determinants of vitamin d levels in young adults in korea.
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25 ( oh ) d ] levels were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay.
anthropometric data were measured , and lifestyle , dietary , and sociodemographic factors were obtained through self-administered questionnaires.
general linear regression was used to assess correlates of serum 25 ( oh ) d levels.
in conclusion , many modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors were associated with low serum 25 ( oh ) d levels in korean young adults.
further studies on potential mechanisms of the correlates and optimal strategies to improve vitamin d status in this vulnerable subpopulation are warranted.
we set each quarter of a year as a time unit and compared ics prescription between before and after guideline dissemination.
a total of @number@ quarterly visits for asthma was observed.
the ics prescription rate before and after guideline dissemination was @percent@ and @percent@ respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
in the segmented regression , there was no significant guideline effect on overall ics prescription rate.
the domestic asthma clinical guideline have no significant effect on ics prescription , especially in primary clinics.
tissue homeostasis declines with age partly because stem / progenitor cells fail to self-renew or differentiate.
because mitochondrial damage can accelerate aging , we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction impairs stem cell renewal or function.
epidermal sod2 loss induced cellular senescence , which irreversibly arrested proliferation in a fraction of keratinocytes.
surprisingly , in young mice , sod2 deficiency accelerated wound closure , increasing epidermal differentiation and reepithelialization , despite the reduced proliferation.
in contrast , at older ages , sod2 deficiency delayed wound closure and reduced epidermal thickness , accompanied by epidermal stem cell exhaustion.
in young mice , sod2 deficiency accelerated epidermal thinning in response to the tumor promoter , phenocopying the reduced regeneration of older sod2-deficient skin.
the elimination was not associated with more hospital or skilled nursing facility admissions or with longer lengths-of-stay in a skilled nursing facility.
no variables entered the model for change in pwt.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00618670.
both phenomena are accelerated and exacerbated in patients with the most common age-related diseases ( ards ) , including cancer.
background : an increase in daily doses of protein and fiber for the elderly is relevant in preventing sarcopenia and preserving intestinal balance.
however , such intake of supplements is often compromised by the lack of adherence among the elderly.
method : an observational study was conducted in nursing homes on volunteers aged 70-90 years.
the compote was proposed as a lunchtime dessert every two days for a period of three consecutive weeks.
the other parameters did not change significantly.
objectives : to assess racial / ethnic disparities in pediatric utilization of community health centers ( chcs ) among a nationally representative sample.
negative binomial and logistic regression models assessed disparities in access to routine care , ambulatory service intensity , and hospital utilization.
results : racial / ethnic disparities were not present for well-child visits or dental checkups.
however , disparities in ambulatory care service intensity and hospital use were observed.
conclusions : study limitations included the cross-sectional study design , the self-reported data , and the age of the data.
future initiatives should address remaining challenges in ensuring access to care for all children in underserved communities.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a neurodegenerative disorder , whose cardinal pathology is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
current treatments for pd have side effects in the long term and do not halt disease progression or regenerate dopaminergic cell loss.
attempts to compensate neuronal cell loss by transplantation of dopamine-producing cells started more than @number@ years ago , leading to several clinical trials.
these trials showed safety and variable efficacy among patients.
in addition to variability in efficacy , several patients developed graft-induced dyskinesia.
nevertheless , they have provided a proof of concept that motor symptoms could be improved by cell transplantation.
cell transplantation in the brain presents several immunological challenges.
the adaptive immune response should be abolished to avoid graft rejection by the host.
in addition , the innate immune response will always be present after transplanting cells into the brain.
in this review , we analyze data on the functional effects of signals from the innate immune system on dopaminergic differentiation , survival and proliferation.
then , we discussed efforts on cell transplantation in animal models and pd patients , highlighting the immune response and the immunomodulatory treatment strategies performed.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : psc and the brain.
if untreated , ischaemic complications can be catastrophic for the patient , including blindness.
we review the current treatment paradigms for this condition , the mainstay of which is immediate high-dose glucocorticoid therapy with a gradual dose tapering.
the current understanding of the pathogenesis of gca is explored.
this has informed the identification of new potential targets and approaches to treatment.
blockade of interleukin ( il ) -6 ( tocilizumab ) and il-1 ( gevokizumab ) are being evaluated in phase iii clinical trials.
over the last @number@ years , the diagnosis small fiber neuropathy ( sfn ) has gained recognition worldwide.
patients often suffer from severe neuropathic pain that may be difficult to treat.
in this review , we highlight relevant pathophysiological aspects and discuss currently used therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain.
possible pitfalls in neuropathic pain treatment in the elderly will be underlined.
introduction : multiple factors may affect bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
our objective was to identify the correlates of age-related differences in bmd among men and women.
lean mass was the strongest independent factor associated with bmd at all sites among men and women.
conclusions : age-related decline in bmd is more pronounced in women than in men , but determinants of bmd are multiple and interrelated.
our study indicates that different factors may be important for bone health of men and women and at different ages.
here we test two overlooked sources of variation in @number@ european ancestry women : low-frequency protein-coding variants and x-chromosome variants.
highlighted genes implicate cellular energy homeostasis , post-transcriptional gene silencing and fatty-acid amide signalling.
methods : one hundred twenty ms cases ( @number@ tissue blocks ) were included.
plaque types were classified according to demyelinating activity based on stringent criteria.
early active , late active , smoldering , inactive , and shadow plaques were distinguished.
a total of @number@ ms white matter plaques were identified.
plaque type distribution was analyzed in relation to clinical data.
results : active plaques were most often found in early disease , whereas at later stages , smoldering , inactive , and shadow plaques predominated.
the presence of early active plaques rapidly declined with disease duration.
plaque type distribution differed significantly by clinical course.
the majority of plaques in acute monophasic and relapsing-remitting ms ( rrms ) were active.
men displayed a higher proportion of smoldering plaques.
interpretation : disease duration , clinical course , age , and gender contribute to the dynamic nature of white matter ms pathology.
active ms plaques predominate in acute and early rrms and are the likely substrate of clinical attacks.
progressive ms transitions to an accumulation of smoldering plaques characterized by microglial activation and slow expansion of pre-existing plaques.
whether current ms therapeutics impact this pathological driver of disease progression remains uncertain.
background : chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries ( lmics ) .
chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions , this is termed as ' multimorbidity'.
multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes , but limited research has been undertaken in lmics.
methods : data was obtained from the who's study on global ageing and adult health ( sage ) wave-1 ( 2007 / 10 ) .
associations with four health outcomes were examined , namely adl limitation , self-rated health , depression , and a quality of life index.
random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries.
results : the prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was @number@ % and @number@ % , respectively , in the pooled sample of six countries.
russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity ( @number@ % ) whereas china had the lowest ( @number@ % ) .
the likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status.
substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures.
the fses was evaluated in two studies of older israelis , aged 75 + years.
data were collected by structured home interviews.
exploratory factor analyses conducted in both studies clearly revealed two underlying factors : emotion self-efficacy and action self-efficacy.
confirmatory factor analyses resulted in acceptable model fit criteria.
the shortened final 13-item fses had good internal consistency and satisfactory criterion and convergent validity.
we propose that appropriate interventions can strengthen function self-efficacy , thus improving the well-being of elderly persons and their ability to cope with dhf.
aside from variation in the prion protein gene , genetic risk factors for sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease remain elusive.
our analysis indicates that inherited mitochondrial dna variation does not have a major role in the risk of developing the disorder.
this index reflects the subject's level of pathology and position along the ad continuum.
we also evaluated the associated impact of the apoe4 genotype.
the atrophy pattern associated with the ad-csf index was highly symmetrical and corresponded with the typical ad signature.
medial temporal structures showed different atrophy dynamics along the progression of the disease.
apoe4 carriers showed steeper hippocampal volume reductions with ad progression.
overall , the reported atrophy patterns are in close agreement with those mentioned in previous findings.
the variant also was related to longevity in the icelandic population.
however , because of the extreme rarity of a673t in non-nordic populations , the association with alzheimer's disease has not yet been formally replicated.
in conclusion , the a673t variant is rarer in danes than other nordic countries , thus precluding assessment of association with longevity or cognitive functioning.
data were obtained from the national alzheimer's coordinating center on autopsied subjects ( n = @number@ ) who died between @number@ and @number@
caa tended to co-occur with alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes but a minority of cases were discrepant.
in subjects without the apoe ε4 allele , caa severity was associated with lower cognition proximal to death , factoring in other pathologies.
the presence of caa in patients without alzheimer's disease may indicate a distinct cerebrovascular condition.
chromosomal telomere length shortens with repeated cell divisions.
human leukocyte dna telomere length ( ltl ) has been shown to shorten during aging.
ltl shortening has correlated with decreased longevity , dementia , and other age-associated processes.
because ltl varies widely between individuals in a given age group , it has been hypothesized to be a marker of biological aging.
however , the principal basis for the variation of human ltl has not been established , although various studies have reported heritability.
here , we use a family-based study of longevity to study heritability of ltl in @number@ individuals.
these results support a prominent genetic underpinning of ltl.
elucidation of such genetic bases may provide avenues for intervening in the aging process.
osteoporotic vertebral body fractures are an increasing clinical problem among the aging population.
additionally , the use of extended finite element modeling ( x-fem ) allows for a detailed analysis of crack initiation and propagation in various materials.
our aim was to study the feasibility of qct / x-fem analysis to predict fracture properties of vertebral bodies.
three cadaveric specimens were obtained , and the l3 vertebrae were excised.
the vertebrae were ct scanned to develop computational models and mechanically tested in compression to measure failure load , stiffness and to observe crack location.
one vertebra was used for calibration of the material properties from experimental results and ct gray-scale values.
the two additional specimens were used to assess the model prediction.
the predicted fracture patterns matched fairly well with the visually observed experimental cracks.
the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) plays an important role in cardiac development and function.
the current study aimed to determine the potential mechanism ( s ) by which mtor inhibition modulates cardiac proteasome.
concurrent with the reduction of the immunoproteasome , rapamycin reduced two important inflammatory response pathways , the nf-κb and stat3 signaling.
these data indicate that rapamycin indirectly modulated immunoproteasome through the suppression of inflammatory response pathways.
lastly , the role of the immunoproteasome during the development of cardiac hypertrophy was investigated.
conscientiousness remained uniquely related to every physical and mental health outcome.
optimism remained uniquely related to all health outcomes , except physical activity ( which was more highly related to conscientiousness and goal adjustment ) .
associations between goal adjustment and probable depression appeared to be explained by conscientiousness and optimism.
discussion : correlations among multiple aspects of personality may mask unique associations of specific personality aspects with successful aging.
this study investigated the effect of cordyceps sinensis oral liquid ( csol ) on the lifespan of drosophila melanogaster ( fruit fly ) .
following the lifelong treatment of fruit flies with csol , lifespan was examined.
the mrna levels of sod1 , sod2 and cat were quantified by qpcr.
hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) and paraquat were used to mimic the effects of damage caused by acute oxidative stress.
d-galactose was used to mimic chronic pathological aging.
csol significantly prolonged the lifespan of the fruit flies under physiological conditions.
the activity of sod1 and cat was upregulated , and lf accumulation was inhibited by csol.
csol had no effect on the transcriptional levels ( mrna ) of these enzymes.
the survival time of the fruit flies which were negatively affected by exposure to h2o2 or paraquat was significantly prolonged by csol.
csol may thus be explored as a novel agent for slowing the human aging process.
mets compromised mood , cognition and hippocampal structure with incremental risk applying to some but not all of these outcomes.
the broad spectrum of economic and cultural diversity in the u.s. population correlates with and affects the study of behavioral aspects of health.
purpose : numerous studies have examined the association of physical , behavioral and social factors with cognitive decline in older adults.
less attention has been placed on factors associated with long-term maintenance of intact cognition even into very old age.
a greater understanding of those factors can inform the development of activities for maintaining cognitive strength.
results : three distinct trajectories of cognitive change were identified and characterized as stable , slow decline and rapid decline.
conclusion : substantial heterogeneity exists in rates of cognitive decline among older mexican americans.
interventions targeting cognitive maintenance may benefit from increased focus on factors associated with continued social engagement.
alopecia impairs the physical and mental health of patients.
therefore , we hypothesized that ob / ob mice have abnormalities in hair cycle progression beyond @number@ weeks of age.
we examined 6- to 24-week-old ob / ob and 6- to 10-week-old normal mice.
after acclimation , the dorsal skin was harvested and the hair cycle phase was identified histologically and immunohistochemically.
normal mice showed catagen-telogen and telogen-anagen transitions at @number@ and 8-9 weeks old , respectively.
these results suggests that ob / ob mice are a possible model animal for telogen effluvium.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is a major public health issue in indigenous populations in the arctic.
these diseases have emerged concomitantly with profound social changes over the past @number@ years.
the aim of this study was to summarize the literature on cvd risk among arctic inuit.
literature on prevalence , incidence , and time trends for cvd and its risk factors in arctic inuit populations was reviewed.
most evidence supports a similar incidence of coronary heart disease and a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease among arctic inuit than seen in western populations.
new insight into the molecular mechanisms governing this metabolic reprogramming has implicated mammalian sirtuins as important regulators of cancer metabolism.
one of the most popular therapies is cognitive training , which includes pencil-and-paper puzzles , computerized games , or the combination of the two.
training is designed to have participants perform diverse exercises in one or more cognitive domains.
most clinical training trials indicate that well-organized tasks are clinically effective for cognitive improvement.
neural plasticity is a probable explanation for positive training effects.
studies on mice to uncover the cellular and molecular changes underlying neural connectivity have found effective changes in brain networks after learning or training.
rac1 and nmda receptors are thought to be involved in hippocampal neurogenesis , which is induced by learning.
here we review clinical trials of cognitive training , published during the last five years , and summarized some important characteristics of training tasks design.
the probable role of neuronal plasticity and molecular mechanisms in training effects also are discussed.
most importantly , we discuss key ways to modifying the design of tasks based on studies we review.
this review mainly identifies and discusses the reasons for positive training effects on cognition from clinical and neurophysiological perspectives.
based on the findings and their related mechanisms , further studies should design more effective and specific training tasks.
low molecular weight peptides derived from the breakdown of crystallins have been reported in adult human lenses.
the latter results have led to inferences that cognitive change does not begin until late middle age.
internal carotid artery stenosis accounts for about 7-10 % of ischemic strokes.
conventional risk factors such as aging , hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and smoking increase the risk for carotid atherosclerosis.
all patients with carotid stenosis should receive aggressive medical therapy.
carotid revascularization with either endarterectomy or stenting can benefit select patients with severe stenosis.
new clinical trials will examine the contemporary role of carotid revascularization relative to optimal medical therapy.
the phenomenon of skin aging includes thinning of skin losses of elasticity and moisture , pigmented spot formation , and wrinkle development.
topical use of anti-aging skin products is the most convenient and cheap way to achieve skin anti-aging effect.
methods : twenty-six female patients were included in our study with ages between @number@ and @number@
they were randomly assigned to two groups : the vehicle control group and the experimental group.
the experimental group applied a lycogen ( tm ) -containing skin care product via sonophoresis in the same time schedule.
for wrinkles , the experimental group had better results on weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
measured by texture , the experimental group had better results on weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
determined by pores , the experimental group had better results on weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
concerning red areas , the experimental group had better results on weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
overall , lycogen ( tm ) had proven effectiveness on anti-oxidation as patients who used the lycogen tm -containing product had better outcomes.
there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) that target the underlying inflammatory disease process.
current therapies with long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids fail to prevent either disease progression or mortality , as they do not suppress the underlying inflammation.
with better understanding of the inflammatory and destructive process in the pathophysiology of copd , several new therapeutic targets have been identified.
several mediator antagonists or inhibitors tested in copd have so far been disappointing.
a new promising approach is reversal of corticosteroid resistance through increasing histone deacetylase-2 activity.
this might be achieved by existing treatments such as theophylline , nortriptyline , and macrolides , or more selectively by pi3kinase-δ inhibitors.
other treatments in development target oxidative stress , the failure to resolve inflammation , aberrant repair mechanisms , and accelerated lung aging.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder of aging.
it is a multifactorial disease with several overlapping pathways.
therefore , successful therapy should target several pathological features simultaneously.
in this regard , cumulative data have demonstrated that polyphenols can display neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms.
our results showed that the formulation maf14001 can protect sk-n-sh cells against aβ-induced toxicity.
from @number@ µm , maf14001 protected sk-n-sh cells against aβ toxicity by preventing oxidative stress , mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.
furthermore , maf14001 might directly interact with aβ to prevent its aggregation process , a key process on aβ-induced oxidative stress.
indeed , in the presence of maf14001 , aβ was less susceptible to fibrillation.
finally , maf14001 decreased the tau phosphorylation ( ser-202 ) induced by aβ.
rural health centers and those in the south had lower behavioral health and enabling services staffing.
vitamin d3 and its derivates influence directly or indirectly almost all metabolic processes such as proliferation , differentiation , apoptosis , inflammatory processes and mutagenesis.
such multifactorial effects of vitamin d3 can be a profitable source of new therapeutic solutions for two radically divergent diseases , cancer and neurodegeneration.
interestingly , an unusual association seems to exist between the occurrence of these two pathological states , called \ "inverse comorbidity \ ".
to our knowledge , there are few publications analyzing the role of vitamin d3 in biological pathways existing in carcinogenic and neuropathological disorders.
three apoe measures were considered : ε2 , ε4 carriers versus noncarriers , and a three-category apoe measure.
delirium was determined using the confusion assessment method ( cam ) and chart review.
results : apoe ε2 and ε4 was present in @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , and postoperative delirium occurred in @percent@.
no association between apoe and delirium severity or number of delirium days was observed.
thus , an important genetic risk factor for alzheimer disease does not affect risk of delirium.
methods : the nyuci-ac was evaluated within a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
these findings lend additional support to the nyuci as an evidence-based approach to support family caregivers of persons with dementia.
background : public health initiatives world-wide recommend increasing physical activity ( pa ) to improve health.
however , the dose and the intensity of pa producing the most benefit are still debated.
actigraph accelerometer is widely used to objectively assess pa , and the raw data is given in counts per unit time.
count-thresholds for low , moderate and vigorous pa are mostly based on absolute intensity.
to resolve this issue , here we report relative actigraph intensity-thresholds for the elderly.
vm-and va-models were tested against each other to see which model predicts intensity of pa better.
results : vo2max and gender significantly affected number of cpm at different pa intensities ( p < @number@ ) .
therefore , intensity-thresholds were created for both men and women of ranging vo2max values ( low , medium , high ) .
vm-model was found to be a better predictor of pa-intensity than va-model ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : intensity-thresholds depend on vo2max , gender and actigraph-axis.
trial registration : ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02017847 , registered @number@
@date@ ) .
background : multiple sclerosis has been associated with progressive brain volume loss.
meta-analysis random-effects models were applied.
associations between brain volume change , changes in lesion volume and disease duration were examined in pre-specified meta-regression models.
results : we identified @number@ studies.
the annualized pbvc ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ per year.
unlabelled : we studied the ability of individuals with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) to process emotional facial expressions ( efes ) .
to date , no systematic study has addressed how variation in intensity affects recognition of the different type of efes in such subjects.
two features of the efes were contemplated , their valence ( operationalized in six basic emotions ) and five levels of intensity.
results : at all levels of intensity , elderly individuals with mci were significantly worse at identifying each efe than healthy subjects.
thus , the neurological substrates involved in emotional processing appear to be affected by mci.
background : there is an increasing number of older adults living with long-term musculoskeletal pain and related disabilities.
these problems are frequently unrecognized , underreported , and inadequately treated.
however , there is a complexity in providing care in this context.
ten health care providers ( nurse , physiotherapists , and occupational therapists ) were interviewed and data was analysed.
results : the health care professional's emotions fluctuated between powerlessness and meaningfulness.
a significant sense of powerlessness in the situation was experienced by the health care professionals.
dc-potential of the brain was performed in @number@ women 55-74 years old living in the circumpolar region.
study and analysis of the distribution level dc-potential brain mapping was carried out by the measured values of monopolar constant potentials.
the resulting distribution characteristics dc-potential compared with the average values for the corresponding normative age period.
the hormones used are estrogen and anti-androgen for mtof and testosterone for ftom persons.
the medication suppresses the endogenous sex-hormone production and brings about the desired features of the other sex.
while the recommended doses result in physiological hormone levels , higher doses do not hasten or increase the desired changes and are a health risk.
after the transition period , the follow up is referred to the person's home district.
the physical and psychological status and laboratory values are evaluated at the yearly follow-up doctor visits.
although the hormone doses are lowered and percutaneous administration route is favored upon aging , stopping the medication is not recommended.
their cumulative effects are , however , large.
only a small minority of people adhere well to all healthy living habits or even the healthiest ones.
consequently , the population attributable fractions of major public health problems due to unhealthy lifestyles are large.
erectile dysfunction is closely linked to the general state of both physical and psychological wellness.
also , the disease is more frequently found in men undergoing radiation therapy or surgery for prostate cancer.
psychological correlates include anxiety , depression and irritability.
despite a higher prevalence among older men , erectile dysfunction is not considered an inevitable part of aging.
due to polyetiology of the disease , sildenafil is regarded as the gold standard of treatment , and new high quality generic drugs are marketed.
the article covers the use of sildenafil in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system , diabetes , hypogonadism.
effectiveness of sildenafil in patients on chronic hemodialysis as well as in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy is discussed.
the issue of addiction to sildenafil is outlined.
in the modern medical era , more diverse and effective treatment options have translated to increased life expectancy.
however , the identities of specific factors mediating memory-enhancing effects of young blood and their mechanisms of action are enigmatic.
here we review brain rejuvenation studies in the broader context of systemic rejuvenation research.
we discuss putative mechanisms for blood-borne brain rejuvenation and suggest promising avenues for future research and development of therapies.
objective : to test the hypothesis that late-life depression is associated with dementia-related pathology.
a total of @number@ participants died and underwent a uniform neuropathologic examination.
of the other pathologic markers was related to either of the depression measures.
neither dementia nor antidepressant medication modified the relation of pathology to depression.
conclusion : the results do not support the hypothesis that major depression is associated with dementia-related pathology.
physical activity ( pa ) and cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) are associated with successful brain and cognitive aging.
however , little is known about the effects of pa , crf , and exercise on the brain in the oldest-old.
olga began training for competitions at age of @number@ and as of @date@ held over @number@ world records in her age category in track-and-field.
olga's fa in many normal-appearing wm regions , however , did not differ or was greater than in the reference sample.
in particular , fa in her genu corpus callosum was higher than any fa value observed in the reference sample.
we speculate that her relatively high fa may be related to both successful aging and the beneficial effects of exercise in old age.
objective : the objective was to evaluate the association of peripheral and central hearing abilities with cognitive function in older adults.
auditory abilities were measured with pure-tone audiometry , speech-in-noise perception , and discrimination thresholds for both static and dynamic spectral patterns.
cognitive performance was evaluated with a 12-test battery assessing episodic , semantic , and working memory , perceptual speed , and visuospatial abilities.
subsequent analysis indicated substantial shared variance among the covariates race and both measures of spectral-pattern discrimination in accounting for cognitive performance.
among cognitive measures , working memory and visuospatial abilities showed the strongest interrelationship to spectral-pattern discrimination performance.
evidence for the health-promoting effects of food rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 pufa ) is reviewed.
pork is an important meat source for humans.
fatty acid content and composition of english beef , lamb , and pork at retail.
meat sci.
44 : 443-458 ) .
transgenic pigs and plants show promise with high content of n-3 pufa and low ratio of n-6 / n-3 fatty acids in their tissues.
the approaches mentioned for decreasing n-6 / n-3 ratios have both advantages and disadvantages.
selected articles are critically reviewed and summarized.
klotho , an anti-aging gene , has recently been shown to contribute to human hepatic tumorigenesis.
in addition , it is known that wnt signaling is antagonized by the protein klotho.
patients with klotho-expressing tumors had longer survival periods than did those with klotho-negative tumors.
in contrast , activation of the wnt / β-catenin pathway was enhanced when klotho was silenced by inhibitory rnas.
our emphasis was on validating an index of allostasis.
we also examined the performance of self-report measures reflecting psychosocial and well-being constructs , given the prevalence of cognitive impairment in nursing homes.
results : our results supported both the psychometric stability of our self-report measures , and the preliminary validity of our index of allostasis.
each biomarker was associated with at least one other resilience resource , suggesting that our choice of biomarkers was appropriate.
racial disparities in cognitive outcomes may be partly explained by differences in locus of control.
african americans report more external locus of control than non-hispanic whites , and external locus of control is associated with poorer health and cognition.
the sample comprised @number@ ( @percent@ african american ) adults aged @number@ and older who participated in memory , reasoning , or speed training.
latent growth curve models evaluated predictors of 10-year cognitive trajectories separately by training group.
multiple group modeling examined associations between training gains and locus of control across racial groups.
compared to non-hispanic whites , african americans evidenced less improvement in memory and reasoning performance after training.
african americans reported more external locus of control , which was associated with smaller training gains.
external locus of control also had a stronger negative association with reasoning training gain for african americans than for whites.
no racial difference in training gain was identified for speed training.
future intervention research with african americans should test whether explicitly targeting external locus of control leads to greater cognitive improvement following cognitive training.
multiple group analysis was employed to examine the proposed model.
however , the association between community social capital and life satisfaction was statistically non-significant among the high family capital group.
community social capital can play a compensatory role in maintaining the mental health of older people.
it is particularly important for older adults who lack family support and / or suffer from social isolation and loneliness in local communities.
we present a mathematical ( ordered pull-through ; opt ) model of the cell-density profile for the mammalian lens epithelium together with new experimental data.
the model is based upon dimensionless parameters , an important criterion for inter-species comparisons where lens sizes can vary greatly ( e.g. bovine ( approx.
@number@ mm ) ; mouse ( approx.
@number@ mm ) ) and confirms that mammalian lenses scale with size.
best-fit values were determined for mouse , rat , rabbit , bovine and human lens epithelia.
the β / α ratio correlates with the measured fgf-2 gradient , a morphogen critical to lens cell survival , proliferation and differentiation.
as proliferation declines with age , the opt model predicted age-dependent changes in cell-density profiles , which we observed in mouse and human lenses.
experimental animal models improve our understanding of technical problems in peritoneal dialysis pd , and such studies contribute to solving crucial clinical problems.
we established an acute and chronic pd model in nonuremic and uremic rats.
changes of the peritoneal permeability seen during chronic pd in rats are comparable to results obtained in humans treated with pd.
effluent dialysate can be drained repeatedly to measure concentration of various bioactive molecules and to correlate the results with the peritoneal permeability.
additionally we can study in in vitro conditions properties of the effluent dialysate on cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells or fibroblasts.
we can evaluate acute and chronic effect of various additives to the dialysis fluid on function and permeability of the peritoneum.
results from such study are even more relevant to the clinical scenario when experiments are performed in uremic rats.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is an inflammatory syndrome that represents an increasing health problem , especially in the elderly population.
drug therapies are symptomatic and inadequate to contrast disease progression and mortality.
thus , there is an urgent need to clarify the molecular mechanisms responsible for this condition in order to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
recent evidence corroborating the statement of the \ "aging theory for copd \ " was also discussed.
introduction : repeatability and variability of the plantar pressure during walking are important components in the clinical assessment of the elderly.
however , there is a lack of information on the uniformity of plantar pressure patterns in the elderly.
objective : to analyze the repeatability and variability in plantar pressure considering mean , peak and asymmetries during aged gait.
data were compared between steps for each day and between different days.
results : mean and peak plantar pressure values were similar between the different days of evaluation.
asymmetry indexes were similar between the different days evaluated.
conclusion : plantar pressure presented a consistent pattern in the elderly.
however , the asymmetry indexes observed suggest that the elderly are exposed to repetitive asymmetric loading during locomotion.
such result requires further investigation , especially concerning the role of these asymmetries for development of articular injuries.
the useful field of view test ( ufov ) is often used as a behavioral assessment of age-related decline in visual perception and cognition.
poor performance may reflect slowed processing speed , difficulty dividing attention , and difficulty ignoring irrelevant information.
however , the underlying neural correlates of ufov performance have not been identified.
the relationship between older adults ' ufov performance and event-related potential ( erp ) components reflecting visual processing was examined.
better performance in all ufov subtests was associated with faster speed of processing , as reflected by decreases in p3b latency.
current evidence supports the hypothesis that the ufov recruits both early perceptual and later cognitive processing involved in attentional control.
the implications of these results are discussed.
associative memory refers to remembering the association between two items , such as a face and a name.
in this study , we measured the effects of tdcs on associative memory performance in healthy adults , using both recognition and recall tests.
however , the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of their performance on the recognition memory test.
epigenetics is , therefore , of considerable translational significance to the field of neuroprotection.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : neuroprotection.
in conclusion , rpi at the femoral neck discriminated fracture cases from controls independent of bmd and traditional risk factors but dependent on location.
advancements in diagnostic tools and curative-intent therapies have improved cancer-specific survival.
current approaches for evaluating anticancer therapy-induced injury have limitations , particularly lack of sensitivity for early detection of subclinical cardiac and cardiovascular dysfunction.
newer imaging modalities , functional capacity testing and blood biomarkers have the potential to improve early detection of cardiotoxicity and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
materials and methods : we recruited @number@ breastfeeding infants at a health clinic in metropolitan quetzaltenango , guatemala.
a previous-day recall was performed.
results : sixty nine mothers ( @percent@ ) reported offering items other than breastmilk.
bottles were used on the previous day by @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ mothers not offering exclusive breastfeeding.
conclusions : premature introduction of non-breastmilk items is commonly practiced in feeding guatemalan infants.
adherence to the internationally recognized guidelines for early infant feeding should be an intervention priority for this population.
neural oscillations in the theta band have repeatedly been implicated in successful memory encoding and retrieval.
several recent studies have shown that memory retrieval can be facilitated by reactivating memories during their consolidation during sleep.
however , it is still unknown whether reactivation during sleep also enhances subsequent retrieval-related neural oscillations.
we have recently demonstrated that foreign vocabulary cues presented during sleep improve later recall of the associated translations.
here , we examined the effect of cueing foreign vocabulary during sleep on oscillatory activity during subsequent recognition testing after sleep.
collagen xxviii is the last discovered member of the collagen superfamily and thus has been only sparsely investigated.
we studied collagen xxviii in zebrafish to gain insight into its structure , evolution and expression.
in contrast to human and mouse , the zebrafish genome contains four collagen xxviii genes , col28a1a and -b , and col28a2a and -b.
sequence analysis revealed conservation of domain structure and the unique imperfections in the triple helical domain.
two major forms of collagen xxviii were identified , col28a1b in adult and col28a2a in 3-5dpf zebrafish.
composite agarose / polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that both these chains mainly form dimers of trimers , although col28a1b appears to be more polydisperse.
homodimers are abundant , although it is possible that complexes consisting of col28a2a and col28a1a or -a2b occur.
peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed that the c-terminal kunitz domain is often proteolytically processed.
in contrast to murine collagen xxviii , the zebrafish orthologs are widely expressed and not only present in the nervous system.
they are differentially expressed in the liver , thymus , muscle , intestine and skin.
altogether our results point to a unique nature of collagen xxviii within the collagen family.
positive affect and optimism play an important role in healthy ageing and are associated with improved physical and cognitive health outcomes.
this study investigated whether it is possible to boost positive affect and associated positive biases in this age group using cognitive training.
the effect of computerised imagery-based cognitive bias modification on positive affect , vividness of positive prospective imagery and interpretation biases in older adults was measured.
@number@ older adults received @number@ weeks ( @number@ sessions ) of imagery cognitive bias modification or a control condition.
they were assessed at baseline , post-training and at a one-month follow-up.
both groups reported decreased negative affect and trait anxiety , and increased optimism across the three assessments.
imagery cognitive bias modification significantly increased the vividness of positive prospective imagery post-training , compared with the control training.
contrary to our hypothesis , there was no difference between the training groups in negative interpretation bias.
future studies are needed to assess the longer-term consequences of such training and the impact on affect and wellbeing in more vulnerable groups.
background : brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( bapwv ) is inversely associated with cognitive function.
however , it is not known whether bapwv predicts cognitive decline ( cd ) in later life.
we examined whether or not bapwv is an independent risk marker of subsequent cd in a population of older japanese.
pulse wave velocity was determined using an automated waveform analyser.
cognition was assessed by the mmse , and cd was defined as a decrease of two points or more on the mmse.
results : during an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) developed cd.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brains exhibit plaques and tangles in association with inflammation.
the non-receptor tyrosine kinase abl is linked to neuro-inflammation in ad.
abl inhibition by nilotinib or bosutinib facilitates amyloid clearance and may decrease inflammation.
nilotinib decreased blood and brain cytokines and chemokines and increased cx3cl1.
bosutinib increased brain and blood il-10 and cx3cl1 , suggesting a protective role for soluble cx3cl1.
this review explores the effects of female reproductive hormones , estrogens and progestogens , with a focus on progesterone and allopregnanolone , on object memory.
progesterone and its metabolites , in particular allopregnanolone , exert various effects on both cognitive and non-mnemonic functions in females.
in this task there is little test-decay when different objects are used as targets and baseline valance for objects is controlled.
this allows repeated testing , within-subjects designs , and longitudinal assessments , which aid understanding of changes in hormonal milieu.
objects are not aversive or food-based , which are hormone-sensitive factors.
within this dynamic and changing environment , the ability to remain responsive to patient needs while managing these issues poses further challenges.
development or review of the model of care ( moc ) may provide a possible solution to support efficiencies in service provision.
generic and recurring foundational pillars include integrated care models , team functioning and communication , leadership , change management and lean thinking.
these foundational pillars should be incorporated into the development and application of moc in order to achieve desired outcomes.
however , sustainability requires continuous review to enable improvement and must be integrated into routine business.
moreover , successful review of moc requires collaboration and commitment by all stakeholders.
leaders are critical to motivating clinicians and stakeholders in the review process.
further , it is imperative that leaders engage stakeholders to commit to support the agreed strategies designed to provide efficient and comprehensive healthcare services.
redesign of moc can significantly improve patient care by applying the agreed strategies.
flexible spatial navigation , e.g. the ability to take novel shortcuts , is contingent upon accurate mental representations of environments-cognitive maps.
these cognitive maps critically depend on hippocampal place cells.
in rodents , place cells replay recently travelled routes , especially during periods of behavioural inactivity ( sleep / wakeful rest ) .
in humans , rest promotes the consolidation of specific experiences , but the effect of rest on the wider integration of memories remained unknown.
in the present study , we examined the hypothesis that cognitive map formation is supported by rest-related integration of new spatial memories.
forty young participants learned a route through a virtual environment before either resting wakefully or engaging in an unrelated perceptual task for @number@ min.
importantly , the benefit of rest could not be explained by active rehearsal , but can be attributed to the promotion of consolidation-related activity.
we believe that this protocol can aid researchers in the field to determine altered lipid patterns in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury.
increasing effort is expended towards dissecting and deciphering the molecular and genetic mechanisms of neurobiological and pathological functions of these brain-enriched mirnas.
diseases of aging are often complex and multifactorial , involving many genetic and life course modifiers.
systems biology is becoming an essential tool to investigate disease initiation and disease progression.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) can be used as a case study to investigate the application of systems biology to complex disease.
here we describe approaches to capturing biological data , representing data in terms of networks and interpreting their meaning in relation to the human population.
introduction : infertility affects both women and men in all the countries.
infertility often has profound long-term or short-term impacts on the people involved and puts them at risk of familial and social pressures.
methodology : of a total of @number@ patient files evaluated @number@ cases were flawless , of which the study factors were recorded.
these data were estimated by logit model.
after entering the data , model output was analyzed by using the stata software.
mcfadden analysis for goodness of fit was @number@
aging has been associated with a decline in relational memory , which is critically supported by the hippocampus.
participants completed four conditions of transitivity that varied in terms of the degree to which the stimuli and the relations among them were known pre-experimentally.
younger adults , older adults , and da performed similarly when the condition employed all pre-experimentally known , semantic , relations.
older adults and da were less accurate than younger adults when all to-be-learned relations were arbitrary.
da could not learn arbitrary relations nor use existing knowledge to support novel inferences.
longitudinal normative data obtained from a robust elderly sample ( i.e. , believed to be free from neurodegenerative disease ) are sparse.
participants were @number@ individuals who completed at least three annual evaluations at one of @number@ past and present alzheimer's disease centers throughout the united states.
all participants were diagnosed as cognitively normal at every study visit , which ranged from three to nine approximately annual evaluations.
in addition , the cumulative frequency distributions of raw score changes were examined to describe the base rates of test score changes.
baseline test score , age , education , and race were robust predictors of follow-up test scores across most tests.
a web-based calculator is provided to assist neuropsychologists with interpretation of longitudinal change.
spatial navigation requires a well-established network of brain regions , including the hippocampus , caudate nucleus , and retrosplenial cortex.
compared with controls , amci patients showed reduced activity in the hippocampus bilaterally , retrosplenial cortex , and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
reduced activation in key areas for successful navigation , as well as additional regions , was found alongside relatively normal task performance.
results also revealed increased activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in amci patients , which may reflect compensation for reduced activations elsewhere.
these data support suggestions that fmri spatial navigation tasks may be useful for staging of progression in mci.
the incidence of renal complications including kidney failure is on the rise.
moreover , with aging of the population and the high incidence of diabetes , hypertension and obesity , this trend may prevail.
an important cytoprotective enzyme that has been shown to improve renal function is heme-oxygenase ( ho ) .
ho is known to abate apoptosis and necrosis , and improves cell vitality , which in turn , may enhance tissue regeneration.
consistently , ho has been shown to restore tissue morphology by potentiating potentiate proteins of repair / regeneration and promoting neovascularization.
the formation of new tissue may replace damaged or dysfunctional tissue to preserve cellular integrity and function after injury.
thus , this review highlights the ho-adiponectin-atrial natriuretic peptide axis in renoprotection.
moderate exercise is an effective and economic way to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
the balanced cardiomyogenesis ( cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia ) and neo-angiogenesis are essential determinants for exercise-induced cardiac growth.
the formation of new cardiomyocytes in response to exercise suggests that exercise might be a useful tool to enhance cardiac regenerative capacity.
exercise also exerts its protective effects against cardiac aging and cardiac metabolic derangement.
moreover , growing evidence reveals the regulation of cardiac and circulating micrornas in response to exercise.
a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced cardioprotection will lead to the development of innovative pharmacotherapies for cardiac diseases.
in accordance , a decrease of the functional connectivity inside the default mode network was observed in the decliners.
our results highlight the central role of the posterior cingulate cortex in a slow but reliable memory decline in elderly.
because functional alterations of this region are currently described in alzheimer's disease , this functional signature could constitute a risk for alzheimer's disease.
introduction : sarcopenia is disproportionately present in older women with disability , and optimum treatment is not clear.
peak strength was assessed for leg press , chest press , triceps , knee extension , and knee flexion.
power was assessed for leg press and chest press.
physical function measures included static and dynamic balance , chair rise , stair climb , gait speed , and 6-min walk test.
body composition was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
background : transcriptomic studies hold great potential towards understanding the human aging process.
expression of several chromatin remodeler and transcriptional modifier genes strongly correlated with expression of oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal protein synthesis genes.
lastly , @number@ genes with age-associated expression were also associated ( fdr ≤ @number@ ) with pulse pressure independent of chronological age.
at the pathway level , a decline in ribosomal protein synthesis machinery gene expression with age was detectable in both cell types.
our findings also support cell-specific effects of age on gene expression , illustrating the importance of using purified cell samples for future transcriptomic studies.
longitudinal work is required to establish the relationship between identified age-associated genes / pathways and aging-related diseases.
the value of testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) for older men is currently a topic of intense debate.
while us testosterone prescriptions have tripled in the past decade ( @number@ ) , debate continues over the risks and benefits of trt.
trt is currently prescribed for older men with either low serum testosterone ( t ) or low t plus accompanying symptoms of hypogonadism.
the normal range for serum testosterone is @number@ to @number@ ng / dl.
serum t ≤ @number@ ng / dl is considered to be low , and t ≤ @number@ is considered to be frank hypogonadism.
most experts support trt for older men with frank hypogonadism and symptoms.
treatment for men who simply have low t remains somewhat controversial.
for example , doses of trt administered by im injection are typically higher than those administered transdermally , which results in greater musculoskeletal benefits.
importantly , trt does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
putative risks include edema and worsening of sleep apnea.
several recent reports have also indicated that trt may produce cardiovascular ( cv ) risks , while others report no risk or even benefit.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate ( tu ) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) by meta-analysis.
we evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the rveman5.
@number@ software.
results : totally , @number@ studies were included after screening , which involved @number@ @number@ cases.
conclusion : tu could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of loh patients without inducing serious adverse reactions.
modern experimental data about its osteogenic activity allow melatonin to be considered as potential drug for treating bone diseases.
the number of people with end stage kidney failure is increasing worldwide , mainly due to aging of the population.
hence the need for renal replacement therapy is continually expanding.
kidney transplantation , haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are currently the gold standard of renal replacement therapy.
these three techniques have all their specific advantages and shortcomings.
facing the high complication rate of actual techniques , an increasingly migrant population and the growing desire to respect the environment , alternatives are needed.
new techniques that might improve some of these points are in development and will be reviewed in this article.
the absence of a specific deficit of short term memory for conjunctions of surface features seems to distinguish cognitive ageing from alzheimer's disease.
the three most abundant proteins in mammalian endocytic ccvs are clathrin and the two cargo-selecting , clathrin adaptors , calm and ap2.
depletion of either adaptor , however , significantly inhibits endocytosis of transferrin and epidermal growth factor.
calm is thus a major factor in controlling ccv size and maturation and hence in determining the rates of endocytic cargo uptake.
early life exposures influence numerous social determinants of health , as distal causes or confounders of later health outcomes.
our results documented that internal consistency reliability was high for the subjective childhood neighborhood scales ( cronbach's α = 0.89 , @number@ ) .
comparison of subjective with objective childhood neighborhood measures found moderate associations in hypothesized directions.
associations with objective variables were strongest for neighborhood disorder ( rhos = .40 ) , as opposed to with social control or victimization.
associations between subjective neighborhood context in childhood versus adulthood were moderate and stronger for residentially-stable populations.
we lastly formally tested for , but found little evidence of , recall bias of the retrospective subjective reports of childhood context.
introduction : previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival.
these associations have not been widely replicated in further studies.
all associations that reached the nominal significance level of p value < 0.05 were included.
previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect.
results : fifty-six variants from @number@ previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis.
five variants reached nominal significance ( p < 0.05 ) in the pooled gwas data compared to @number@ expected under the null hypothesis.
seven additional variants were associated ( p < 0.05 ) with er-positive disease.
background : arterial calcification is a common event in cardiovascular pathogenesis.
osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) is the most important cytopathologic foundation of arterial calcification.
glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) exerts multiple cardioprotective actions beyond insulinotropic effects through glp-1 receptor ( glp-1r ) .
however , whether glp-1 regulates osteoblastic differentiation of vsmcs and associated molecular mechanisms has not been clarified.
methods : the human vsmc differentiation model was established by beta-glycerophosphate ( β-gp ) induction.
the mineralization was measured by alizarin red s staining.
protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by western blot or immunofluorescence.
glp-1r gene expression was silenced by sirna.
silencing of glp-1r gene expression by sirna significantly blocked the effects of liraglutide in alp protein expression and pi3k / akt phosphorylation.
glp-1 analogues may be potential agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
fertility is the first biological process to break down during aging , thereby making it a useful tool to understand fundamental processes of aging.
reproductive aging in females is associated with a loss of ovarian function characterised by a reduction in the number and quality of oocytes.
older adults have been reported to have a lower evaporative heat loss capacity than younger adults during exercise when full sweat evaporation is permitted.
local dry heat loss responses and cardiovascular strain were attenuated during the high condition in young compared to older ( p < @number@ ) .
high air velocity reduced the number of males surpassing the @number@.0°c tre threshold from @percent@ ( low ) to @percent@ ( high ) .
trained lay interviewers assessed mental disorders based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - 4th edition ( dsm-iv ) criteria.
physical conditions were based on self-reported diagnoses by health professionals.
past-year mental health service use was categorized into whether services were utilized in the general or specialty sectors.
results : adjusted logistic regressions indicated that there was no effect of anxiety among older adults with gastrointestinal disease on mental health service use.
conclusion : comorbidity between gastrointestinal conditions and anxiety was associated with unmet mental health service needs.
this may be conceptualized in the context overlapping symptomatology in gastrointestinal conditions and anxiety.
methods : study participants were @number@ male inmates in a maximum security prison.
participants completed measures of adverse childhood experiences related to death , trauma , and abuse , and depressive symptoms and quality of life.
data were analyzed using multiple mediation modeling.
results : men who reported having experienced adverse childhood experiences reported more depressive symptoms and lower quality of life than their counterparts.
however , the associations between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms were not explained by social support and coping.
conclusion : adverse childhood experiences are associated with deleterious mental health effects in later life.
social support and coping partially mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and quality of life.
the high prevalence of childhood trauma among aging prison inmates warrants attention to increasing social support mechanisms to improve mental health.
dabigatran and warfarin are oral anticoagulant drugs widely used for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
we demonstrated that dabigatran-associated gi hemorrhage was significantly increased in patients over the age of @number@ years.
the rors of dabigatran increased with increasing age , although aging had little effect on warfarin-associated gi hemorrhage.
the ror for anticoagulant-associated nervous system hemorrhage was not significantly affected by aging , as compared to gi hemorrhage.
our results indicate that the excretion of dabigatran may be affected by aging , as compared to warfarin , likely due to renal function decline.
our results emphasize the need for physicians to closely monitor gi bleeding in aging patients , because it is closely related to renal function deterioration.
the hospice palliative care act , amended on @date@ , legalizes the ce procedure in taiwan.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , the hospice palliative care team at a community hospital received @number@ consultations for ce.
eight cases were excluded because of non-qualification.
time to extubation using a cut-off at @number@ hours was assessed.
methods : we enrolled independent community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years.
physical performance , cognitive function , psychological function , and a dual-task test were assessed at baseline.
our dual-task test required the subjects to walk @number@ m while stepping over lines.
the intervals between the lines ranged from 50-100 cm and were unequal.
falls and fall-related injuries were measured over a 12-month follow-up period using monthly postal surveys.
results : ninety-two of @number@ subjects ( mean age , @number@.4±5.5 years ) completed the 12-month follow-up.
sixteen ( @percent@ ) of fallers had injurious falls or fell more than or equal to two times.
conclusion : our findings suggest that the dual-task method with an extended walking distance may be able to predict falls among community-dwelling older adults.
background : higher cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) is cross-sectionally associated with more conserved brain volume in older age , but longitudinal studies are rare.
this study examined whether higher midlife crf was prospectively associated with slower atrophy , which in turn was associated with higher late-life crf.
peak oxygen uptake on a treadmill yielded estimated midlife crf in @number@ and late-life crf in @number@ participants.
slower atrophy in middle frontal and angular gyri was associated with higher late-life crf , independent of crf at baseline magnetic resonance imaging.
conclusions : higher midlife crf may play a role in preserving middle and medial temporal volumes in late adulthood.
slower atrophy in middle frontal and angular gyri may predict late-life crf.
design : individual participant meta-analysis using data from @number@ cohorts participating in the chances consortium.
data were harmonised , analysed separately employing cox proportional hazard regression models , and combined by meta-analysis.
results : overall , @number@ participants aged @number@ and older were included in this study , of whom @number@ died from cardiovascular disease.
the excess risk in smokers increased with cigarette consumption in a dose-response manner , and decreased continuously with time since smoking cessation in former smokers.
relative risk estimates for acute coronary events and for stroke events were somewhat lower than for cardiovascular mortality , but patterns were similar.
ageing generally leads to impairments in cognitive function and the ability to execute and learn new movements.
a similar association between cerebellar integrity and function is true for cerebellar patients.
we set out to investigate the analogies between the pattern of cerebellar degeneration of a healthy ageing population and cerebellar patients.
we observed considerable overlap in regions with the strongest loss of cerebellar volume in the two datasets.
furthermore , we saw strong volumetric degeneration of functionally defined cerebellar regions associated with cerebral somatomotor function in both groups.
thus , these results may explain the specific symptomology associated with cerebellar degeneration in ageing and in cerebellar patients.
background : twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure ( bp ) patterns have been associated with diminished cognitive function in hypertensive and very elderly populations.
the relationship between ambulatory bp patterns and cognitive function in community-living older adults is unknown.
results : the mean age was @number@ years , @percent@ were female , and @percent@ were african-american.
conclusions : higher 24-hour dbp and greater nighttime systolic dipping were significantly associated with improved cognitive function.
future studies should examine whether low 24-hour dbp and lack of nighttime systolic dipping predict future cognitive impairment.
methods : between @number@ and @number@ we performed i-123 bmipp scintigraphy for patients with esophageal cancer before and six months after curative mediastinal rt.
single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) images of pre-rt and post-rt were registered into rt dose distributions.
the myocardium was contoured , and the regional rt dose was calculated.
normalization is required to compare pre- and post-rt spect images because the uptake pattern is changed due to the breathing level.
normalization was applied on the mean of spect counts in regions of the myocardium receiving less than @number@ gy.
relative values in each dose region ( interval of @number@ gy ) were calculated on the basis of this normalization for each patient.
the reduction in the percent of relative values was calculated.
results : five patients were enrolled in this study.
of the patients had a past history of cardiac disease.
the left ventricle was partially involved in rt fields in all patients.
the patients received rt with median total doses of 60-66 gy for the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes.
concomitant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin or nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil with rt was performed in @number@ patients.
all patients had reduced uptake corresponding to rt fields.
conclusions : dose-effect relations for myocardial metabolic disorders tended to be observed.
we may need to make an effort to reduce high-dose mediastinal rt to the myocardium in rt planning.
here we report that a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in slc29a1 ( rs45458701 ) is responsible for the at ( a- ) blood type.
background : monocytes and macrophages produce interleukin ( il ) -10 , an immunoregulatory cytokine and a potent therapeutic tool for immune disorders.
however , it has not been explored sufficiently how such a regulatory response could be exploited for anti-inflammation.
our objective is to find a potential way or condition for augmenting il-10 by monocytes / macrophages in vivo and in vitro.
this novel way of enhancing il-10 was mediated by activating-type fc receptors for igg.
conclusion : these findings indicate that the igg-bound platelet-induced conversion of monocytes to regulatory cells might provide a novel strategy for controlling inflammation.
we explored the trajectory of tb burden if the dots strategy is maintained or if new interventions are introduced using currently available and soon-to-be-available tools.
we also considered preventative therapy in latently infected elders , a strategy limited by resource constraints and the risk of adverse events.
tools that make preventative therapy more feasible on a large scale and in elders will help china achieve the global targets.
ageing is associated with functional , structural and mechanical changes in arteries that closely resemble the vascular alterations in hypertension.
arterial changes in young hypertensive patients mimic those in old normotensive individuals.
strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes could ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension.
an overview on the vascular biology of ageing and hypertension is presented and novel molecular mechanisms contributing to these processes are discussed.
the complex interaction between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation on the vasculature is highlighted.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : cv ageing.
in this study , we report normal reference ranges for doppler parameters obtained in a large group of healthy volunteers.
echocardiographic data were acquired using state-of-the-art cardiac ultrasound equipment following doppler acquisition and measurement protocols approved by the european association of cardiovascular imaging.
a comprehensive echocardiographic examination was obtained from all subjects following predefined protocols.
left ventricle s ' wave velocity was higher in men than in women.
e wave and e ' were higher in younger subjects and decreased progressively in the older ones.
e / e ' ratio increased with ageing.
conclusion : the norre study provides the reference values for the most useful doppler parameters in the evaluation of heart physiology.
project recovery counselor data were collected through a 22-item qualitative interview.
results : seven out of @number@ clients ( @percent@ ) endorsed the quantitative item measuring suicidal ideation.
counselor responses fell into @number@ major themes : assessment and action , client characteristics , services , counselor training and preparedness , and future directions.
aging represents per se a risk factor for ad.
cellular senescence and telomere shortening represent suitable and promising targets.
this review will focus on the linking mechanisms between cellular senescence , telomere shortening , and ad.
background : several studies have reported smaller hippocampal volume ( hcv ) in depression patients ; however , the temporality of the association remains unknown.
one proposed hypothesis is that depression may cause hcv loss.
this study evaluates whether previous depression and recent depressive symptoms are associated with hcv and hcv loss.
history of depression was associated with a @percent@ faster annual hcv loss in women ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ % ) .
more baseline depressive symptoms and worsening of these symptoms were also associated with accelerated hcv loss in women.
no associations were observed in men.
treatment for depression was associated with slower hcv loss in women and men.
peptides have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of frailty and cognitive decline.
weight loss is a major component of frailty.
similarly , peripheral peptides ( e.g. , ghrelin , glucagon-like peptide @number@ and cholecystokinin ) are modulators of memory.
a number of centrally acting neuropeptides have also been shown to modulate cognitive processes.
the resolution of the inflammatory response is highly regulated by the timely biosynthesis of a number of endogenous lipid mediators.
atl biosynthesis requires cyclooxygenase-2 acetylation by aspirin.
lx and atl exert potent bioactions on leukocytes , vascular and epithelial cells to stop inflammation and promote resolution.
they have shown to be beneficial in a broad spectrum of preclinical models of disease as well as in some clinical trials.
background : with an aging population and limited resources , the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing.
methods : a retrospective cohort study involving @number@ patients who entered the lcc at hull from @date@ to @date@ was conducted.
descriptive analysis based on baseline characteristics was performed and slope-estimated glomerular function rates ( egfr ) before and after entry to the lcc were calculated.
this aided survival analysis using quartiles and kaplan-meier.
slope egfrs before and after entry into the lcc showed that @percent@ of patients improved on entry into the lcc.
conclusions : the lcc impacts the rate of decline in egfr.
a rapidly declining egfr prior to entering the lcc was predictive of rrt requirement.
there was no significant impact on mortality.
sleep disorders are a pervasive problem throughout all patient populations but represent an especially important health problem for the elderly.
alterations in sleep architecture that occur as a part of normal aging will contribute to sleep problems as we grow older.
methods : this study was conducted during 2012-2014 in silver chain hospice care service in western australia.
this article reports on one part of a three-part evaluation of a stepped wedge cluster trial.
analyses of quantitative and qualitative data were undertaken.
integrating the carer support needs assessment tool in existing practice is fundamental to achieving better caregiver outcomes.
complications associated with diabetes can be prevented by early diagnostics.
the target population comprised 30-65 years old residents from the western suburbs of yasuj.
the high-risk participants were recognized according to the national diabetes prevention and control committee criteria and were introduced to an assigned laboratory.
blood samples were collected after 12-hour fasting for the measurement of total cholesterol , triglycerides and fasting glucose levels.
the statistical analysis was performed with the spss statistical package , using a logistic regression model.
out of @number@ individuals , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were with high-risk diabetes , @percent@ were female , and @percent@ were male.
this study suggests that diabetes is a common health problem in this area.
furthermore , considerable rate of newly-diagnosed diabetes signifies the importance of the screening programme.
increasing evidence suggests that free radical-mediated oxidation of biological substrates is a key feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
furthermore , multiple lpo biomarkers are elevated in readily accessible biological fluids throughout disease progression.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) play a key role in discovering genetic variations that may contribute towards disease vulnerability.
overall @number@ snps were analyzed , out of which @number@ returned regulomedb scores of 1-6.
most cancers rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate energy and metabolic intermediates.
to maintain a high glycolytic rate , cells must efficiently export lactic acid through the proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters ( mct1 / 4 ) .
these proteins were specifically upregulated in tumour tissues.
we then disrupted bsg in three nsclc cell lines ( a549 , h1975 and h292 ) via ' zinc-finger nucleases'.
both wild-type and bsg-null cells were extremely sensitive to the mitochondria inhibitor metformin / phenformin in normoxia.
our results demonstrate that inhibiting glycolysis by targeting lactic acid export sensitizes nsclc to phenformin.
arterial stiffness directly relates the detrimental effects of hypertension on peripheral organs with dire consequences for the extensive microvasculature structure of the kidneys and brain.
in this review , we discuss the evidence linking arterial stiffness , hypertension and brain structural abnormalities in older adults.
we queried whether pda cells can be reprogrammed to revert to their original quiescent acinar cell state by shifting key transcription programs.
methods : human pda cell lines were engineered to express an inducible form of the bhlh protein e47.
moreover , induction of e47 in human pda cells in vitro is sufficient to inhibit tumorigenesis.
moreover , bhlh activity is a critical node coordinately regulating human pda cell growth versus cell fate.
multivariate logistic regression models examine the demographic and economic situations of both older and younger cohorts that encourage or constrain intergenerational exchanges.
results confirm , as in many developing countries , a higher proportion of older barbadians receive rather than provide support.
gender differentiation in support transfers depends on the type of support examined and the living arrangements of parents and children.
these findings suggest some flexibility in gender systems with respect to intergenerational support within barbado.
during an inflammatory response , lymphocyte recruitment into tissue must be tightly controlled because dysregulated trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic disease.
expression of adiponectin receptors on b cells and adiponectin-induced pepitem secretion wanes with age , implying immune senescence of the pathway.
in both diseases , tonic inhibition of t cell trafficking across inflamed endothelium is lost.
control of patient t cell trafficking is re-established by treatment with exogenous pepitem.
the aim of this study was to determine whether the effects attributed to aging on cardiovagal and sural nerve function decline are associated.
multiple and simple linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between the variables.
results : there were significant linear relationships between sural snap amplitude and hrdb with age.
conclusion : cardiovagal function assessed by hrdb is associated with sural snap amplitude in healthy subjects.
age-related decline only partially explained the variability seen in the association.
other genetic and environmental factors may also play a role.
mixed emotions involve the co-occurrence of positive and negative affect , such that people feel happy and sad at the same time.
from these reports , @number@ different indices of mixed emotions were derived.
results indicated small , but robust , increases in mixed emotions with age.
linear age increases were consistently evident in both pats and atus , and replicated across the different indices of mixed emotions.
there was no significant evidence for curvilinear age trends in either study.
several sociodemographic factors that could plausibly explain age-differences in mixed emotions ( e.g. , retirement , disability ) did not alter the age-effects.
the present study adds to the growing literature documenting vital changes in the complexity of emotional experience over the life span.
these findings speak for multidirectional and context-dependent age differences in empathy.
research and theory suggest that emotional goals are increasingly prioritized with age.
related empirical work has shown that , compared with younger adults , older adults attend to and remember positive information more than negative information.
this age-related positivity effect has been eliminated in experiments that have explicitly demanded processing of both positive and negative information.
older participants whose health varied from poor to very good reviewed written material prior to making decisions about health related and non-health-related issues.
in contrast , positivity emerged regardless of health status for decisions that were unrelated to health.
across decision contexts , those individuals who focused more on positive information than negative information reported better postdecisional mood and greater decision satisfaction.
the authors investigated whether age differences in the recall of original judgments account for this difference.
these results support a recall-based explanation of age differences in hindsight bias.
recall of previously distracting words was age-equivalent in the indirect condition , but young adults recalled more distracting words in the direct condition.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances , appearance of lewy bodies and dopaminergic neuronal death.
the etiology of pd is unknown , although aging and neurotoxins are established risk factors.
gene mutations in several pd-related genes may affect up to @percent@ of the pd cases.
these gene mutations can cause either loss or gain of function in their respective proteins leading to autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant pd , respectively.
most of the identified genes play a role in mitochondrial activity and integrity , and this was demonstrated mostly in neuronal cells.
in this review , we aim to describe the link between pd-related genes , which are involved in mitochondrial function , and deleterious neuroinflammation.
methods : ethical approval was obtained for this retrospective study.
results : one hundred and sixty-five dpts were obtained from children with mongoloid skeletal pattern.
the ethnic composition was @number@ malays and @number@ chinese children ( willems dental age = @date@ @number@ years ) .
at age @number@ years and above , there was a significant tendency for mf to be located at the level of occlusal plane.
resident-to-resident elder mistreatment ( r-rem ) in nursing homes is frequent and leads to adverse outcomes.
nursing home staff responses may significantly mitigate r-rem's impact , but little is known about current practices.
the objective was to identify common staff responses to r-rem.
ninety-seven cnas ( @percent@ ) reported actions responding to r-rem incidents involving @number@ residents ( @percent@ ) , describing @number@ different responses.
less common were notifying a nurse ( @number@ ) or documenting in behavior log ( @number@ ) .
nursing home staff report many varied responses to r-rem , a common and dangerous occurrence.
cnas seldom documented behaviors or reported them to nurses.
telomere assumes intra-molecular g-quadruplex that is a significant drug target for inhibiting telomerase maintenance of telomeres in cancer.
metal cations have been recognized as playing important roles in stabilizing g-quadruplex , but their binding processes to human telomeric g-quadruplex remain uncharacterized.
to investigate the detailed binding procedures , molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on the hybrid [ @number@ + @number@ ] form-one human telomeric intra-molecular g-quadruplex.
we show here that the binding of a potassium ion to a g-tetrad core is mediated by two alternative pathways.
principal component analysis illustrated the dominant concerted motions of g-quadruplex occurred at the loop domains.
mm-pbsa calculations revealed that binding was energetically favorable and driven by the electrostatic interactions.
the lower binding site was found more constructive favorable for binding.
in vivo bone densitometry , mechanical and histomorphometric analyses revealed a mild osteoporotic phenotype in the flna-null 5-month and aging groups.
the wt and flna-ko bones did not appear to age differently.
however , the volumetric bone mineral density decrease associated with ovx in wt is absent in flna-ko-ovx groups.
additionally , flna-ko femora are tougher and more ductile than wt femora.
exploratory factor analyses were conducted on a random half of the staff data.
subsequently , confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for measurement equivalence across the three perspectives.
each factor had at least two items that were equivalent across all three perspectives , which suggests at least partial measurement equivalence.
background : evidence to guide primary prevention in adults aged @number@ years or older is limited.
objective : to project the population impact and cost-effectiveness of statin therapy in adults aged @number@ years or older.
design : forecasting study using the cardiovascular disease policy model , a markov model.
data sources : trial , cohort , and nationally representative data sources.
target population : u.s. adults aged @number@ to @number@ years.
time horizon : @number@ years.
perspective : health care system.
outcome measures : myocardial infarction ( mi ) , coronary heart disease ( chd ) death , disability-adjusted life-years , and costs.
if statins had no effect on functional limitation or cognitive impairment , all primary prevention strategies would prevent mis and chd deaths and be cost-effective.
results of sensitivity analysis : an increased relative risk for functional limitation or mild cognitive impairment of @number@ to @number@ could offset the cardiovascular benefits.
limitation : limited trial evidence targeting primary prevention in adults aged @number@ years or older.
improved data on the potential benefits and harms of statins are needed to inform decision making.
for patients with very mild alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , susceptibility to the imagination inflation effect could have significant functional consequences in daily life.
during the second session , participants imagined action statements from the first session , as well as new action statements.
during the recognition test , participants were asked to determine whether action statements were or were not performed during the first session.
objective : few studies have examined racial differences in potentially inappropriate medication use.
design : longitudinal.
setting : data from the health , aging , and body composition study ( years @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) .
participants : three thousand fifty-five community-dwelling older adults , both blacks and whites , at year @number@
main outcome measure : highly anticholinergic medication use per the @number@ american geriatrics society updated beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.
results : blacks represented @percent@ of the participants at year @number@
at year @number@ @percent@ of blacks used an anticholinergic medication compared with @percent@ of whites , and this difference persisted over the ensuing 10-year period.
diphenhydramine was the most common anticholinergic medication reported at baseline and year @number@ and meclizine at year @number@ for both races.
objective : to assess the effectiveness and safety of currently recommended vaccines in older adults.
data sources : pubmed was used to search for relevant articles.
study selection / sata extraction : articles were reviewed and selected considering relevance to the subject.
articles were then determined to be relevant or irrelevant based on their abstracts.
there are no recent published reviews that compile the efficacy and safety evidence for recommended immunizations in older people.
pharmacists are often asked questions about the efficacy and safety of these immunizations.
conclusion : overall , efficacy and safety profiles of currently recommended vaccines are positive in the older population.
the least-effective vaccine currently recommended is the varicella-zoster vaccine , with a @percent@ efficacy.
the vaccine with the highest rates of adverse events is the tetanus booster , with local pain and swelling at the injection site.
microglia contribute to development , homeostasis , and immunity of the cns.
individuals homozygous for inactivating mutations in trem2 exhibit demyelination of subcortical white matter and a lethal early onset dementia known as nasu-hakola disease.
how trem2 deficiency mediates demyelination and disease is unknown.
here , we addressed the basis for this genetic association using trem2 ( - / - ) mice.
moreover , myelin-associated lipids robustly triggered trem2 signaling in vitro , suggesting that trem2 may directly sense lipid components exposed during myelin damage.
we conclude that trem2 is required for promoting microglial expansion during aging and microglial response to insults of the white matter.
old-old adults ' pm accuracy was reduced relative to both young-old and younger adults.
prospective remembering incurred dual-task costs for all three groups.
analyses of reaction time data suggested that for both young-old and old-old , these costs were greater , implying differential resource allocation cost trade-offs.
meibomian gland loss in ocular gvhd was described as a mechanism contributing to dry eye and severe damage to the ocular surface.
the upper meibomian gland area ( umga ) was calculated and set in relation to the total tarsal area of the lid.
patients after asct without ocular gvhd had no significant difference in umga in comparison with controls.
in addition , the question has to be addressed whether meibomian gland loss could serve as a predictor for the development of ocular gvhd.
overall , infrared meibography should be included in routine examination of patients undergoing asct and during follow-up.
hypertension is a risk factor for wm lesion formation.
this study investigated whether la might be associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) pulsatility linked to arterial hypertension.
relevant information relating to cardiovascular risk factors was also collected.
these two factors appear to act independently of each other in a process that is independent of age.
this study sought to explore the relationship between anemia in children and levels of five minerals in blood.
a sample consisted of @number@ normal and @number@ anemic children paired by sex and age.
hematological parameters were assessed using the sysmex xs-800i hematology analyzer.
differences in these elements between the anemic and normal groups were compared by anova.
relationships between ca , zn , fe , cu , mg , and hb levels were tested by pearson's correlation analysis.
hemoglobin was inversely correlated with mg levels in the anemic group ( p < @number@ ) .
these results indicate that blood levels of mg and fe were correlated with anemic children aged @number@ months to @number@ years.
to prevent and treat anemia better , a combination of the levels of hb , mg , and fe in whole blood is required.
diverticulosis is the most common pathological finding in routine colonoscopy.
diverticular disease comprises both diverticulitis and diverticular hemorrhage.
this review examines the pathophysiological basis for disease including the importance of the elastin / collagen profile in diverticula formation.
it summarizes the latest epidemiological findings with an emphasis on age- and sex-related differences.
risk factors including obesity , medications , hereditary factors , and diet are critically reviewed with the most up-to-date evidence.
a detailed appraisal of therapeutic options is provided with special emphasis on 5-aminosalicylate , probiotics , mesalamine , percutaneous abscess drainage , and image-guided embolization.
the role of antibiotics and surgery is discussed and compared with guideline recommendations.
a more conservative approach , averting admission and even antibiotics , is explored.
throughout the review we focus on the older patient with diverticular disease.
objective : to assess the association between differences in thyroid function within the reference range and chd risk.
participants included @number@ individuals with serum thyrotropin levels of @number@ to @number@ miu / l and no previously known thyroid or cardiovascular disease at baseline.
exposures : thyroid function as expressed by serum thyrotropin levels at baseline.
results : among @number@ individuals , @number@ people ( @percent@ ) died of chd during @number@ person-years of follow-up.
subgroup analyses by sex and age group yielded similar results.
conclusions and relevance : thyrotropin levels within the reference range are not associated with risk of chd events or chd mortality.
this finding suggests that differences in thyroid function within the population reference range do not influence the risk of chd.
increased chd risk does not appear to be a reason for lowering the upper thyrotropin reference limit.
although the incidence of hip fractures is decreasing , the overall prevalence continues to increase because of an aging population.
people older than @number@ suffer fractures at a rate of @percent@ per year @percent@ per year for persons older than @number@
one in @number@ patients suffering a hip fracture will die within a year.
additionally , the emergency physician must consider entities such as avascular necrosis , compartment syndrome , and muscular disruption.
six measurements of the pharynx and two of larynx were performed.
bivariate statistical methods were used to analyse the effects of gender , age and height on these measurements.
multiple regression analysis was performed to understand the interactions of gender , height and age.
gender , height and age each had significant effects on certain values.
the volume of the larynx and hypopharynx was significantly affected by height and age.
the length of pharynx was associated with gender and age.
length of the vocal folds and distance from the valleculae to the vocal folds were significantly affected by gender ( p < @number@ ) .
these results suggest that age , gender and height have independent and interacting effects on the morphology of the pharynx and larynx.
three-dimensional imaging and morphometrics using 320-adct are powerful tools for efficiently and reliably observing and measuring the pharynx and larynx.
objective : to identify osteoarthritis ( oa ) progression-modulating pathways in articular cartilage and their respective regulatory epigenetic and genetic determinants in end-stage disease.
methods : transcriptional activity of cpg was assessed using gene expression data and dna methylation data for preserved and lesional articular cartilage samples.
disease-responsive transcriptionally active cpg were identified by means of differential methylation between preserved and lesional cartilage.
transcriptionally relevant genetic determinants were addressed by means of single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) proximal to the oa-responsive transcriptionally active cpg.
statistical analyses were corrected for age , sex , joint , and technical covariates.
a random effect was included to correct for possible correlations between paired samples.
enrichment for developmental and extracellular matrix maintenance pathways indicated possible reactivation of endochondral ossification.
finally , we observed @number@ and @number@ genes for which methylation and expression , respectively , were additionally affected by genetic variation.
therefore , transcriptionally active snps near these genes may serve as putative susceptibility alleles.
anthocyanins represent water-soluble flavonoid species , commonly found in higher plants , the richest plant source representing berries.
delphinol® significantly reduces oxidative stress ( oxidized ldl and f2-isoprostane ) and blood glucose in controlled clinical trials.
in human umbilical vein endothelium delphinidins concentration-dependently decrease intracellular oxygen radicals.
furthermore , delphinidins increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and decreases expression of vaso-constrictory endothelin-1.
delphinidins inhibit the expression of cell adhesion molecules icam and vcam , thus counteracting vascular inflammatory situations.
furthermore , delphinidins decrease platelet activity and may contribute to thrombosis prevention.
research on delphinidins showed improved endothelial function with elevated endothelial no generation , lowered platelet aggregability and anti-inflammatory vascular effects.
delphinidins dose-dependently inhibit nf-κb- , activator protein-1- as well as cox-2 expression in uv-exposed epidermis.
delphinidins may counteract skin-aging due to inhibition of uv-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase in fibroblasts.
future research on delphinol® and delphinidins may be expected to identify further health benefits.
the patient was a @number@ years old woman complaining of altered balance and low-back pain.
oms were delivered by a single practitioner.
the pain level was self-rated by using a visual borg scale.
the posture was monitored on a force platform.
postural parameters were deduced from the analysis of the centre of foot pressure ( cop ) displacement.
the statistical significance of the observed differences was established by using an scr-related effect size indicator ( i.e. taunovlap ) .
our results indicate that oms decrease the patient's pain , modify cop mean position and decreased the length and velocity of the cop displacement.
furthermore , modifications of the body oscillations were observed after oms.
this work indicates that oms can improve body balance and that scr allows the objective evaluation of the consequences of oms.
oestrogen replacement therapy resulted in increased survival by @percent@ in @number@ years.
it is concluded that hormone replacement therapy increases longevity.
introduction : dammarane triterpenoids , the main secondary metabolites of panax ginseng , are very important natural compounds with remarkable biological activity.
they could be isolated from the plants of panax or other genus , as well as through the modifications of certain natural products.
the scifinder and the world intellectual property organisation databases have been used as main sources for the search.
expert opinion : in the last decade , over @number@ patents concerning dammarane derivatives for pharmaceutical have been published.
rare plants , except for panax genus , which contain dammarane triterpenoids should be studied extensively.
in addition , more dammarane triterpenoids with good biological activity , especially the aglycones possessing novel side chain , should be prepared using chemical modification.
finally , pharmacological effects of dammarane triterpenoids should be further studied.
here we show a novel inhibition of pmca activity by tau which is concentration-dependent.
no significant changes in pmca expression and localization with aging or neuropathology were found.
these results point out a link between ca2 + -transporters , aging and neurodegeneration mediated by tau protein.
background : critical care nurses have an integral role in supporting older patients and families faced with palliative care and eol decision-making issues.
these contribute to increased hospitalizations and costs.
understanding the prevalent issues is needed to address patient needs at the end-of-life.
design : it is a mixed method study.
qualitative data were analyzed using dedoose software.
data clusters and patterns of co-occurring codes were explored through an iterative analysis process.
themes were examined across nurse demographics , institutional and unit characteristics.
conclusions : nurses ' descriptions highlight the need for increased communication , staff education and availability of palliative care services.
relevance to practice : palliative care and eol decision-making will remain a nursing priority as people age and require increased care.
progressive and insidious cognitive decline that interferes with daily life is the defining characteristic of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
characterizing cognitive decline in the preclinical phase of ad is critical for the development of early intervention strategies when disease-modifying therapies may be most effective.
most of the proposed statistical methodology for describing decline relies upon distributional assumptions that may not hold.
in this article , we introduce a quantile regression with a change-point model for longitudinal data of cognitive function in persons bound to develop ad.
a change-point in our model reflects the transition from the cognitive decline due to normal aging to the accelerated decline due to disease progression.
quantile regression avoids common distributional assumptions on cognitive outcomes and allows the covariate effects and the change-point to vary for different quantiles of the response.
a simulation study showed that the estimation and inferential procedures perform reasonably well in finite samples.
the practical use of our model was illustrated by an application to longitudinal episodic memory outcomes from two cohort studies of aging and ad.
the aim of this study was to explore the influence of disability on attempted suicide within this demographic.
method : a multi-stage cluster sample of @number@ residents aged @number@ or more was investigated from @number@ communities in shanghai , china.
disability was measured using the lawton instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) scale.
results : the prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly was @percent@.
therefore , elderly people with certain disabilities should be considered for suicide prevention interventions and should be supported in iadl as much as possible.
background : poor food intake is common in acute care patients and can exacerbate or develop into malnutrition , influencing both recovery and outcome.
yet , research on barriers and how they can be alleviated is lacking.
scores were created for barrier domains.
associations between these barriers and selected patient characteristics collected at admission or throughout the hospital stay and site characteristics were determined using bivariate analyses.
conclusions : the present study confirms that barriers to food intake are common in acute care hospitals.
this analysis also identifies that specific patient subgroups are more likely to experience food intake barriers.
since @number@ more than @number@ lung consultant physicians have been registered to specifically assess donor lungs and provide advice on intensive respiratory care to donors.
in this study , we retrospectively reviewed the efficacy of this system for lung transplantation opportunities and outcomes.
in conclusion , this system is effective in improving lung transplantation opportunities and outcomes.
the increasingly aging population in europe and worldwide brings up the need for the restructuring of healthcare.
technological advancements in electronic health can be a driving force for new health management models , especially in chronic care.
in this framework , an overview of the main technological axes and challenges around connected health technologies in chronic disease management are presented and discussed.
a central concept is personal health system for the patient / citizen and three main application areas are identified.
examples are illustrated in each case , while open issues and challenges for further research and development are pinpointed.
unlabelled : social engagement provides dynamic stimulation for older individuals that influences cognition.
grandparenting is an increasingly popular form of childcare that provides social activity for older adults.
individual test scores were combined using factor analysis into executive function and episodic memory scores.
social engagement comprises various aspects which need to be taken into consideration when studying cognition.
data continue to be added to the cimbi database and biobank.
both groups completed a similar questionnaire created to assess knowledge of ed.
participants were asked to estimate the prevalence of these conditions and to identify their source ( s ) of knowledge.
results : of @number@ respondents , @percent@ were female and @percent@ were male.
respondents underestimated the prevalence of these disorders and were significantly worse at estimating the prevalence of pfd than ed.
higher education level and increased age were associated with better knowledge of pfd and ed.
conclusions : despite high education levels , young adults in our study had a worse understanding of pop compared to ui or ed.
women knew more about ed than about pop , a condition that may affect them during their lifetime.
despite decades of research , mitochondrial epigenetics remains a controversial notion.
recent findings , however , indicate that dysfunctional mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) methylation could underlie aging and disease.
hemodialysis patients in japan are aging and thus more patients need support for attending hemodialysis facilities.
this study aimed to clarify how dialysis patients utilize the services covered by japan's public long-term care insurance ( ltci ) system.
among @number@ ltci users in niigata city , there were @number@ dialysis patients.
these care levels indicate difficulty in walking or maintaining a sitting posture without assistance.
these findings indicate that ltci services usable for dialysis patients were limited.
therefore , instead of merely subsidizing transportation expenses , transportation services must be improved.
methods : cases were identified by hospital medical record review , general practitioners and the local ms society.
results : the @number@ prevalence was @number@ per @number@ persons and the @number@ prevalence was @number@
the prevalence was higher among females and persons born in the isle of man at both time points.
the 2006-2011 incidence rate was @number@ per @number@ person-years , much higher among females and persons born in the isle of man.
the mortality rate over the study period was @number@ per @number@ person-years , this solely among persons born overseas.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin from the rhizome of curcuma longa on appoptosin-induced apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells.
methods : sh-sy5y cells were pretreated with curcumin , then transfected with appoptosin or vector.
the apoptotic cells were detected with annexin v staining analysis by flow cytometry.
the expression of cleaved caspase-3 , appoptosin , heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) was examined using western blotting.
intracellular level of ros was measured with dcfh-da staining by flow cytometry analysis.
treatment of sh-sy5y cells with curcumin ( @date@ μmol / l ) for @number@ h did not significantly affect their viability.
however , pretreatment with curcumin ( @date@ μmol / l ) dose-dependently attenuated all above-mentioned pathological changes in appoptosin-transfected sh-sy5y cells.
treatment of sh-sy5y cells with curcumin ( @date@ μmol / l ) for @number@ h did not significantly affect their viability.
however , pretreatment with curcumin ( @date@ μmol / l ) dose-dependently attenuated all above-mentioned pathological changes in appoptosin-transfected sh-sy5y cells.
thus , investigation of the brain in asd poses particular methodological challenges , which must be addressed to enable the comparison of results across studies.
novel analytical approaches are also being developed to facilitate the translation of findings from the research to the clinical setting.
in a recent study , we demonstrated that sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memories is preserved in older adults.
young and older adults learned a visuospatial task , and recall was probed after sleep or wake.
this was true for young and high performing older adults only.
low performing older adults did not receive a benefit of sleep on the visuospatial task.
we examined whether low incidence of specific cancers is a mechanism for familial clustering of longevity.
the offspring of the long-lived siblings were followed from @number@ to @number@
background : a growing number of positive airway pressure ( pap ) device users will develop physical / sensory impairments such as arthritis.
questionnaires to assess pap usability are unavailable ; therefore , we developed the usability of sleep apnea equipment-positive airway pressure ( use-pap ) questionnaire.
the items assessing machine control usability received the least favorable ratings.
twenty percent of respondents reported difficulty getting equipment ready for use , and @number@ percent had difficulty cleaning equipment.
the six multi-item scales had excellent internal consistency reliability ( alpha ≥0.84 ) and item-rest correlations ( ≥0.39 ) .
conclusions : this study provides initial support for the use-pap for measuring pap device usability.
studies that include large samples are needed to further evaluate the psychometric properties of the use-pap.
in addition , comparisons of use-pap responses with direct observations of pap-related tasks and objectively measured pap adherence are needed to fully evaluate the questionnaire.
changes in cellular senescence and the linked changes in telomere length might be potential markers of age-related sleep changes.
hence , it is inadequate to rely on a single index to facilitate the classification of nasolabial folds.
methods : a total of @number@ patients who sought facial rejuvenation treatment in shanghai 9th people's hospital were invited in this study.
we summarized the data , presented a classification scheme , and proposed a selection of treatment options.
conclusion : because different types of nasolabial folds require different treatments , it is crucial to accurately assess and correctly classify the conditions.
imaging analysis revealed that patients who exhibited disgusting behaviors had significantly less gray matter volume bilaterally in the ventral anterior insula.
a region of interest analysis restricted to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients alone confirmed this result.
moreover , impaired recognition of disgust was associated with decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral ventroanterior and ventral middle regions of the insula.
conclusions : these findings suggest that regulating disgusting behaviors and recognizing disgust in others involve two partially overlapping neural systems within the insula.
moreover , the ventral anterior insula is required for both processes.
background : severe aortic stenosis ( as ) is now predominantly a disease of the elderly , with significant mortality and morbidity.
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died.
overall survival rates at @number@ and @number@ years were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
of all deaths , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were cardiovascular-related and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were non-cardiovascular.
conclusions : among the one-third of severe as patients who died during follow-up , @percent@ of deaths were cardiovascular-related.
cardiovascular death may be the leading , but not the only , cause of death for contemporary severe as patients.
this ch2 domain contains a very crucial s36 residue which is phosphorylated in response to oxidative stress and plays a role in apoptosis.
whereas p52shc and p46shc are ubiquitously expressed , p66shc shows constrained expression.
it shows proto-oncogenic as well as pro-apoptotic properties.
this multitasking protein is involved in regulating different networks of cell signaling.
the slowing of information processing , a hallmark of cognitive aging , has several origins.
we did not find any significant correlations between behavioral and mo-vep measures.
here , we investigated the role of age in encoding and perceptual processing of stimulus onset visually evoked potentials ( so-veps ) .
twelve healthy adults ( age < 55years ) and @number@ elderly ( age > 55years ) performed a motion direction discrimination task during eeg recording.
prior to motion , the stimulus consisted of a static cloud of white dots on a black background.
as expected , so-veps evoked well defined p1 , n1 , and p2 components.
elderly participants as compared to young participants showed increased p1 amplitude while their p2 amplitude was reduced.
in addition elderly participants showed increased latencies for p1 and n1 components.
contrary to the findings with mo-veps , so-vep parameters were significant predictors of average response times and diffusion model parameters.
these so-called \ "poor-mobilizers \ " are difficult to be predicted , due to marked difference across previous heterogeneous studies.
to this purpose , @number@ patients enrolled in five consecutive italian clinical trials were retrospectively analysed.
all analysed parameters negatively influenced the procedure , but only age and haematological toxicity during induction maintained their significance at multivariate analysis.
this model was predictive for different probabilities of failure , suboptimal or optimal outcomes.
conclusions : we found that about one fifth of newly diagnosed mm fails to collect an adequate number of pbsc.
we characterized leukocyte and t lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry.
acs patients had significantly higher levels of nk cells and cd8 + t-cells ( p < @number@ ) .
acs was associated with high differentiation in cd4 + and cd8 + t-lymphocytes.
adventitial vv strongly correlated with its own cimt only in the left carotid artery.
importantly , the left carotid adventitial vv directly correlated with age.
background : recent studies with younger adults have shown that performance feedback can serve as a reward , and it elicits reward-related brain activations.
methods : we used event-related fmri in a choice reaction-time task and provided performance feedback after each trial.
results : although younger and older adults differed in task-related activation , they showed comparable reward-related activation.
positive performance feedback elicited the strongest striatal and amygdala activation , which was reflected behaviorally in slightly faster reaction times.
conclusions : these results suggest that performance feedback serves as a reward in both younger and older adults.
studies evaluating mip have noted its positive impact on financial protection , but find only a marginal impact on improved access.
approximately @number@ households were interviewed from each wave of both studies using a standardized survey questionnaire.
differences in health care utilization and expenditures between chronic and acute patients with and without mip insurance were evaluated , using coarsened exact matching techniques.
for patients with acute illnesses mip increased the odds ( or = @number@ ) that they would use health services.
this suggests that the mip did not adequately address the needs of the aging georgian population where chronic illnesses are prevalent.
increasing mip benefits , particularly for patients with chronic illnesses , should receive priority attention if universal coverage objectives are to be achieved.
the present study was designed to evaluate the apoptotic effect of scrt against human non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) a549 cells.
apoptosis was detected using @number@ , ( dapi ) staining , agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry.
the protein levels were determined by western blot analysis.
caspase activity was measured using a colorimetric assay.
results : scrt treatment resulted in significantly decreased a549 cell growth and viability by induction of apoptosis.
scrt also increased death receptor-associated ligands and enhanced the activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of its substrate bid.
however , the pan-caspases inhibitor significantly blocked the scrt-induced apoptosis , suggesting that it is a caspase-dependent pathway.
background : recent studies have indicated the predominance of toxoplasma gondii genotype chinese @number@ in animals in china.
however , little is known of the genetic features of the parasite in humans.
antibodies against t. gondii were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
blood samples were subsequently used for pcr assay to detect t. gondii dna ( gra6 ) .
samples from the patients were anonymous and only data with regard to age and gender was available at sample collection.
results : overall , @percent@ ( 85 / 1014 ) of the examined patients showed positive antibodies against t. gondii.
all samples with achieved pcr-rflp genotyping showed a common genetic character of type chinese @number@ ( toxodb # 9 ) .
conclusion : seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed individuals is rarely reported in china and we presented a positive rate of @percent@ in cancer patients.
toxoplasma genomic dna genotyping demonstrated a common genetic character of chinese @number@ indicating a possible pathogenic origin of animals in human infection.
introduction : the risk of tendon injury and disease increases significantly with increasing age.
rna sequence libraries were prepared following ribosomal rna depletion , and sequencing was undertaken by using the illumina hiseq @number@ platform.
expression levels among genes were compared by using fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped.
differentially expressed genes were defined by using benjamini-hochberg false discovery rate approach ( p < 0.05 , expression ratios @number@ log2 fold change ) .
alternative splicing of exon variants were also examined by using cufflinks.
the functional significance of genes that showed differential expression between young and old tendon was determined by using ingenuity pathway analysis.
of these , @number@ were at higher levels in older tendon and @number@ were at lower levels in older tendon.
the top networks for genes differentially expressed with tendon age were from cellular function , cellular growth , and cellular cycling pathways.
notable differential transcriptome changes were also observed in alternative splicing patterns.
several of the top gene ontology terms identified in downregulated isoforms in old tendon related to collagen and post-translational modification of collagen.
conclusions : this study demonstrates dynamic alterations in rna with age at numerous genomic levels , indicating changes in the regulation of transcriptional networks.
the results suggest that ageing is not primarily associated with loss of ability to synthesise matrix proteins and matrix-degrading enzymes.
in addition , we have identified non-coding rna genes and differentially expressed transcript isoforms of known matrix components with ageing which require further investigation.
in studies of immune aging , naive t cells frequently take center stage.
compartment shrinkage and clonal expansions are challenges for naive cd8 t cells.
in addition to population aspects , identification of potentially targetable cellular defects is receiving renewed interest.
maintaining quiescence and avoiding differentiation may be the ultimate challenge to maintain the functions unique for naive t cells.
objective : practical quality-of-life ( qol ) screening methods are needed to help focus clinical decision-making on what matters to individuals with disabilities.
approximately @percent@ of cases were repeated measures of the same individuals 3-5 yrs later.
functional levels , depression , and social interactions were assessed.
the single-item , subjective , seven-point kemp quality of life scale measured qol.
for each diagnostic group , kemp quality of life scale responses were divided into low , average , and high qol subgroups.
analysis of variance and tukey honestly significant difference tests compared clinical characteristics among these subgroups.
results : duration of disability varied among the four groups.
within each group , qol subgroups were similar in age , sex , and duration of disability.
in contrast , high mean qol was associated with higher social interaction ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the kemp quality of life scale relates significantly to clinically relevant variables in adults with impairments.
the scale's utility in direct clinical care merits further examination.
background : little is known about quality of life and work productivity in autoimmune bullous dermatoses ( aibds ) .
objective : to determine the impact of aibds on quality of life and work productivity.
methods : an observational cross-sectional study took place between february and @date@ at an aibd tertiary referral centre.
ninety-four patients were included.
all participants completed the dermatology life quality index and the work productivity and activity impairment-specific health problem questionnaires.
results : responders to treatment had less impairment ( p < .001 ) than nonresponders.
patients with severe aibd had significantly more impairment that those with mild ( p < .001 ) and moderate ( p = .002 ) aibd.
greater impairment was associated with higher percentage of work missed.
severely affected patients had worse impairment in all work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire domains.
conclusions : aibd has the potential to be a large burden on ability to work and quality of life.
larger studies are needed to clarify how these domains change over time and whether or not they improve with treatment.
spousal caregiving is associated with a @percent@ increase in the likelihood of experiencing difficulties in meeting basic expenses compared to other types of caregiving.
our findings suggest that spousal caregivers are particularly vulnerable because they have fewer resources to draw on for support and perform much more intensive care.
our results highlight the importance of developing appropriate policies and programs to support caregivers.
studies suggest that a large proportion of adults do not manage to save enough for retirement.
correlates of retirement saving behaviors have yet to be fully understood.
the goal of this study was to examine perceived financial preparedness for retirement and its correlates.
results indicated that only about @percent@ perceived themselves as financially prepared for retirement.
the main correlates of financial preparedness were financial knowledge and involvement in financial activities.
the results show that a large proportion of the israeli population feel underprepared for retirement.
those who perceive themselves as having high levels of financial knowledge are less predisposed to feel underprepared.
future research should examine the relationship between perceived financial preparedness and actual savings.
episodic memory regressed positively on leisure-time pa ( lpa ) and cognitive activity.
executive functions regressed positively on lpa and cognitive activity , but negatively on job-related pa ( jpa ) .
the interaction effect ( jpa × cognitive activity ) was nonsignificant.
community-dwelling participants are encouraged to engage in more lpa and cognitive activity to increase brain fitness.
further research may explore the distinctive effects of jpa.
background : global glomerulosclerosis is characteristic of chronic kidney disease and also occurs with normal aging.
our goal was to determine the upper limit of normal for number of globally sclerotic glomeruli.
methods : core-needle biopsies of the renal cortex were obtained at the time of living kidney transplantation at three centers between @number@ and @number@
the number of globally sclerotic glomeruli was averaged across two biopsy sections.
quantile regression was used to estimate the 95th percentile for globally sclerotic glomeruli as the upper reference limit.
a simplified model was used to estimate the 95th percentile for number of globally sclerotic glomeruli by total number of glomeruli and age.
hypertensive donors were more likely to have an abnormal number of globally sclerotic glomeruli ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
numbers of globally sclerotic glomeruli in a kidney biopsy that exceed these thresholds suggest chronic pathological injury in excess of that expected with normal aging.
background : available evidence suggests that young adults and seniors use different strategies to adjust for increasing body sway during quiet standing.
altered antagonist muscle co-activation and different ankle muscle coordination patterns may account for this finding.
consequently , we aimed at addressing whether aging leads to changes in neuromuscular coordination patterns as well as co-activation during quiet stance.
we additionally investigated whether a bout of high intensity interval training additionally alters these patterns.
the total center of pressure ( cop ) path length displacement served as standing balance performance outcome.
these patterns did not change after a high-intensity training session.
a moderate correlation between amplitude ratios of the ta-contribution and postural sway was observed for seniors during sleo ( r = @number@ ) .
ankle co-activation was twofold elevated in seniors compared to young adults during sleo ( p < @number@ ) .
these findings were also not affected by high intensity training.
conclusion : increased ankle co-activation in the anterior-posterior plane and inverted ankle muscle coordination pattern merely occurred during single-leg stance.
seniors with decreased postural control showed higher ta contributions during sleo.
these neuromuscular changes are not affected by acute intermittent high intensity aerobic exercise.
the associations of these conditions with socio-demographics , type @number@ diabetes mellitus and depression were also studied.
the work was carried out in @number@ latin american and caribbean ( lac ) cities in 1999-2000.
methods : a secondary analysis was conducted on the survey of health and well-being of elders ( sabe ) dataset.
the @number@ cities were buenos aires , bridgetown , são paulo , santiago , havana , mexico city and montevideo.
this survey did not employ any oral examinations.
descriptive statistics , chi-square and regression analysis were used to test for associations.
results : data for @number@ @number@ persons were analyzed.
females made up @percent@ of the population.
across the sabe population , between @percent@ ( mexico city ) to @percent@ ( santiago ) reported missing teeth , with an average of @percent@.
bridgetown , são paulo and mexico city demonstrated a statistically significant association between aging and tooth loss.
all the sabe cities except buenos aires demonstrated a statistically significant association between tooth loss and education.
conclusions : the prevalence of missing teeth , use of bridges and dentures and unmet dental needs were high in the sabe cities in 1999-2000.
in general across the sabe cities , the elderly with the most missing teeth were less educated or less likely to be a professional.
they tended to be not working and were receiving a pension.
additionally they were less likely to report their health as ' excellent' , were diabetic and were more likely to give responses suggestive of depression.
this research has generated large amounts of experimental data that is increasingly difficult to integrate and analyze with existing databases and domain knowledge.
hyque identified @number@ novel but well-supported candidate aging-related genes for further experimental validation.
conclusions : we use semantic technologies to discover candidate aging genes whose effects on lifespan are not yet well understood.
background : a diverse set of neurodegenerative disorders are caused by abnormal extensions of polyglutamine ( poly-q ) stretches in various , functionally unrelated proteins.
a common feature of these diseases is altered proteostasis.
autophagy induction is part of the endogenous response to poly-q protein expression.
however , if autophagy is not resolved properly , clearance of toxic proteins or aggregates cannot occur effectively.
likewise , excessive autophagy induction can cause autophagic stress and neurodegeneration.
the lipocalins apod , glial lazarillo ( glaz ) and neural lazarillo ( nlaz ) are neuroprotectors upon oxidative stress or aging.
in this work we test whether these lipocalins also protect against poly-q-triggered deterioration of protein quality control systems.
they are part of the endogenous transcriptional response to sca1 , and their effect is non-additive , suggesting participation in a similar mechanism.
glaz beneficial effects persist throughout aging , and appears when expressed by degenerating neurons or by retinal support and glial cells.
over-expression of glaz is able to reduce p62 and ubiquitinated proteins levels when rapamycin-dependent and sca1-dependent inductions of autophagy are combined.
in the absence of neurodegeneration , glaz loss-of-function increases atg8a / lc3 mrna and p62 protein levels without altering p62 mrna levels.
further glaz-dependent improvement is concealed.
conclusions : this work shows for the first time that a lipocalin rescues neurons from pathogenic sca1 degeneration by optimizing clearance of aggregation-prone proteins.
glaz modulates key autophagy genes and lipid-peroxide clearance responsive genes.
down-regulation of selective autophagy causes similar and non-additive rescuing effects.
we hypothesized that comprehensive national data on icu resources would permit a better understanding of regional differences in system capacity.
results : we identified @number@ hospitals with @number@ icu beds and @number@ mechanical ventilators for critically ill patients.
twenty-two hospitals had an icu that routinely cared for children ; @number@ had dedicated pediatric icus.
there was only moderate correlation between ventilation capacity and population size ( coefficient of determination ( r ( @number@ ) ) = @number@ ) .
background : there is a functional decline of endothelial- dependent vasodilatation in the aging process.
correlations and linear multiple regression ( lmr ) between %hyper , %nitro , microcirculatory parameters , oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were investigated.
results : svcam , se-selectin and oxldl were higher and rbcvmax / rbcvbaseline and %hyper lower in he , while %nitro and fcd remained unchanged.
fibrinogen , ldl-cholesterol , oxldl correlated negatively to %hyper while svcam correlated negatively to %hyper and rbcvmax / rbcvbaseline.
healthy aged women presented dilated capillaries with sustained perfusion and endothelial dysfunction with preserved vascular smooth muscle reactivity.
fibrinogen , ldl-cholesterol , oxidized-ldl and svcam correlated negatively to endothelial function but not to microcirculatory parameters.
oxidized-ldl and svcam could determine %hyper through lmr.
conclusion : oxidized-ldl and svcam might be used as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers for elderly with normal cardiovascular risk factors.
background : changes in dna methylation are among the mechanisms contributing to the ageing process.
the association between dna methylation changes and gene expression levels was also investigated in the same individuals.
results : we identified @number@ high-confidence ageing-associated cpg sites , @percent@ of which were hypermethylated in nonagenarians.
conversely , for the genes only a limited set of go terms and canonical pathways were identified.
among the @number@ cpg sites associated with ageing , methylation level of @number@ sites was also associated with gene expression levels.
these genes were enriched in go terms and canonical pathways associated with immune system functions , particularly phagocytosis.
conclusions : we find that certain ageing-associated immune-system impairments may be mediated via changes in dna methylation.
background : menopause is a natural phase in a woman's aging process , characterized by the cessation of menstruation.
women who are going through the menopause transition can experience physiological symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life.
concern about adverse effects of traditional hormone therapy often leads women to purchase over-the-counter ( otc ) natural health products ( nhps ) .
methods : edmonton stores belonging to each of nine canadian pharmacy chains were visited to identify nhps marketed for the relief of menopausal symptoms.
data were entered and analyzed using microsoft excel.
results : we identified @number@ otc nhp menopausal products , @number@ of which had health canada license numbers.
each product had a labeled contraindication for at least one specific condition.
costs per recommended daily dose ranged from $ 0.07 to a maximum of $ 2.50 ( cad $ ) .
conclusion : natural health products for menopausal symptoms are easily available to canadian women.
methods : we conducted a phase @number@ prospective , multicenter , randomized , double-blind feasibility trial.
participants received one @number@ ml intra-articular injection in the treatment knee and were evaluated at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks post-treatment.
safety was assessed from adverse events at all study visits.
results : adverse events were similar across treatment groups with the most common being arthralgia , joint swelling , back pain , and joint stiffness.
arthralgia was reported @number@ times with synvisc-one , @number@ with hydros , and @number@ with hydros-ta.
conclusions : a single injection of hydros or hydros-ta was well-tolerated and relieved pain associated with knee osteoarthritis over @number@ weeks.
data indicate that hydros-ta had a more rapid pain relief compared to hydros alone.
a phase @number@ trial is underway to confirm these preliminary results.
trial registration number : nct01134406.
a second electron reduces oxygen to hydroperoxyl radical , releasing atp from the active site.
background : uncertainty exists with regards to the extent of prevalence and health care use for musculoskeletal disorders in norway.
methods : we used three data-sources.
second , we used the norwegian patient registry ( npr ) to estimate the proportion of the population who used specialist health services in @number@
age- and sex-specific prevalence / utilization estimates for musculoskeletal disorders were calculated.
results : in @number@ @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women reported musculoskeletal disorders lasting for six months or more in the shlc.
primary health care services reimbursed for musculoskeletal disorders were used by @percent@ of women and @percent@ of men.
corresponding numbers for specialist services were @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women , where the majority was out-patient consultations.
low back and neck pain were the most common diagnoses both in the general population and as reason for health care utilization.
we found that musculoskeletal disorders increased with age , however our results showed no variation in prevalence of chronic disorders between @number@ and @number@
musculoskeletal disorders had considerable impact on the use of primary and specialist health services in norway.
the @number@ kda fk506-binding protein ( fk506bp12 ) , an immunosuppressor , modulates t cell activation via calcineurin inhibition.
western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis showed that pep-1-fk506bp12 efficiently penetrated chondrocytes and cartilage explants.
in the mouse model of carrageenan-induced paw arthritis , pep-1-fk506bp12 suppressed both carrageenan-induced mmp-13 production and paw inflammation.
pep-1-fk506bp12 may have therapeutic potential in the alleviation of oa progression.
background : the present study aimed at characterizing the effects of increasing ( relative ) force level and aging on isometric force control.
results : older adults were found to be weaker , more variable , and less efficient than young participants.
as a function of force level , efficiency followed an inverted-u shape in both groups , suggesting a similar organization of the force control system.
the time-frequency structure of force output fluctuations was only significantly affected by task conditions.
specifically , a narrower spectral distribution with more long-range correlations and an inverted-u pattern of complexity changes were observed with increasing force level.
although not significant older participants displayed on average a less complex behavior for low and intermediate force levels.
the changes in force signal's regularity presented a strong dependence on time-scales , which significantly interacted with age and condition.
an inverted-u profile was only observed for the time-scale relevant to the sensorimotor control process.
however , in both groups the peak was not aligned with the optimum of efficiency.
the measures of efficiency and variability ought to be considered as complementary since they convey specific information on the organization of control processes.
background : there are inequities in health status associated with ethnicity , which may limit older foreign-born persons ' ability to age optimally.
health promotion for older persons who have experienced migration is thus an area of public health importance.
methods / design : this study has a descriptive , analytical , and experimental design.
it is both a randomised controlled trial and an implementation study , containing the collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data.
the intervention comprises four group meetings ( 'senior meetings' ) and one follow-up home visit made by a multi-professional team.
for the randomised controlled trial , the plan is to recruit at least @number@ community-dwelling persons @number@ years or older from the target group.
additional persons from involved organisations will participate in the study of the implementation.
both the intervention effects in the target group ( outcome ) and the results of the implementation process ( output ) will be evaluated.
trial registration : the trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov @date@ , identifier : nct01841853.
background : essential tremor ( et ) , a highly-prevalent , progressive , aging-associated neurological disease , poses a significant public health challenge.
studies have not investigated the relationship between self-rated health and risk of et.
we determined whether baseline poor self-rated health was associated with increased risk of incident et.
methods : in this prospective , population-based study of people ≥65 years of age , subjects were evaluated at baseline and @number@ years later.
at baseline , subjects were asked to rate their health using a single-item health question.
results : the @number@ subjects had a median follow-up duration of @number@ years.
there were @number@ incident et cases.
conclusions : subjects rating their health as poor / very poor at baseline were at increased risk of incident et at follow-up.
premotor and / or early motor symptoms of et could negatively influence self-perceptions of health status.
results : taxonomy-based analysis showed that the relative abundance of firmicutes , tenericutes , and actinobacteria was significantly lower in lvc than in utc.
although most of the species detected in lvc were detected in utc , some bacteroides spp. and faecalibacterium spp. were detected only in lvc.
in addition , the fecal lipopolysaccharides ( lps ) content was significantly higher in utc than in lvc.
conclusions : these findings suggest that maintaining gut microbiota , including faecalibacterium spp.
ef402172 s and ef404388 s , as well as low lps levels may play an important role in preserving residents ' health in lvc.
purpose of review : ageing is accompanied by a reduction in circulating testosterone and progressive accumulation of medical morbidities.
there is an intense debate whether low testosterone contributes to ill-health as opposed to being a biomarker for its presence.
prescriptions for testosterone are rising on a background of concern over potential adverse effects.
this review examines evidence relating androgens to cardiovascular risk in older men.
however , randomized controlled trials of testosterone supplementation have been underpowered for the outcome of cardiovascular events.
recent meta-analyses have reached contrasting conclusions regarding cardiovascular adverse events associated with testosterone therapy.
retrospective studies of prescription databases have produced controversial and conflicting results.
pending such studies , testosterone therapy should be considered in androgen-deficient men , with evaluation of potential benefits and risks.
results : five eligible rcts , randomizing @number@ patients in total , were included.
all-cause mortality was similar across all mould-active agents.
conclusion : as expected , mould-active azoles prevented ifis , particularly invasive aspergillosis , more effectively than fluconazole in allohct recipients.
background : the avalanche of integromics and panomics approaches shifted the deciphering of aging mechanisms from single molecular entities to communities of them.
results : the meta-analysis provided @number@ consensus integromics modules across mouse datasets and revealed microrna relations with substantial collective action during aging.
three modules were reproducible , based on homology , when mapped against human-derived modules.
the respective homologs mainly represent nadh dehydrogenases , atp synthases , cytochrome oxidases , ras gtpases and ribosomal proteins.
moving forward , we determined its age-related neighborhood in which hcn3 , a known heart pacemaker channel , was included.
on the contrary , we suggest that mir-22 has not substantial impact on heart longevity as proposed recently.
conclusions : we revised several proteins and micrornas recently implicated in cardiac aging and proposed for the first time modules as signatures.
the integromics meta-analysis approach can serve as an efficient subvening signature tool for more-oriented better-designed experiments.
several plant extracts , including certain polyphenols , prime innate lymphocytes and enhance responses to secondary stimuli.
therefore , we examined oenothein b responsiveness in t cells from cord blood , young , and adult donors.
however , clear differences in induction of cytokine production by t cells were seen.
in t cells from human cord blood and bovine calves , oenothein b was unable to induce ifnγ production.
however , oenothein b induced ifnγ production by t cells from adult humans and cattle.
in addition , oenothein b induced gm-csf production by human adult t cells , but not cord blood t cells.
during adolescence , considerable social and biological changes occur that interact with functional brain maturation , some of which are sex-specific.
the amygdala has also been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders which display sex-specific features , most prominently observed during adolescence.
monte carlo simulation was implemented to correct for multiple comparisons ( threshold of @number@ contiguous voxels with a z-value ≥ @number@ ) .
fecal incontinence leads to a high economic burden to the healthcare system and is an important cause of institutionalization.
in addition , fecal incontinence is associated with shame , social isolation and reduced quality of life.
the importance of identifying treatable causes in the frail elderly is strongly emphasized.
it is recommended that an assessment of fecal incontinence should be implemented as part of an evaluation of older patients.
methods / design : the study is a two-armed , parallel cluster-randomized controlled trial.
primary outcome is the frequency of fecal incontinence among patients.
sample size calculations resulted in a need for a total sample of @number@ patients.
twenty nursing home units in one city in norway will be recruited and allocated to intervention or control by an independent statistician using computer-generated tables.
the intervention is a multifaceted educational program.
units in the control arm will provide care as usual.
the intervention period is @number@ months.
data will be collected at baseline , @number@ and @number@ months.
data will be analyzed using mixed effect models with the cluster treated as a random effect.
discussion : this study is the first randomized controlled trial specifically focusing on this neglected area.
the result of the study will give evidence for best practice for continence care in nursing homes , and organizational advice concerning implementation strategies.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct02183740 , registered @date@ .
background : the ability of older people to function independently is crucial as physical disability and functional limitation have profound impacts on health.
interventions that either delay the onset of frailty or attenuate its severity potentially have cascading benefits for older people , their families and society.
this study will be underpinned by the health belief model with an emphasis towards self-efficacy.
the intervention will comprise multicomponent group exercise sessions , nutrition education , oral care education and on-going support and counselling.
these will be complemented with a kit containing practical tips on exercise , nutrition and oral care after each session.
data will be collected over four time points ; at baseline , immediately post-intervention , 3-months and 6-months follow-up.
discussion : findings from this trial will potentially provide valuable evidence to improve physical function and maintain independence among older people from low-resource settings.
this will inform health policies and identify locally acceptable strategies to promote healthy aging , prevent and delay functional decline among older malaysian adults.
trial registration : isrctn22749696.
background : heart failure ( hf ) is one of the most debilitating chronic illnesses.
the prevalence is expected to increase due to aging population.
methods : the current study adopted the retrospective observational study design.
patients with significant valvular disorder were excluded.
each patient's medical record was reviewed for @number@ months after the date of admission.
heart failure related admissions , clinic visits , cardiovascular drugs , laboratory tests and diagnostic tests were documented.
costs and mlhfq scores in patients with or without hypertension , diabetes and renal impairment were compared.
results : a total of @number@ hfpef patients were included.
patients with diabetes or renal impairment were associated with a higher cost of hfpef management.
the mlhfq scores of the subjects improved significantly during the study period ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the cost of management of hfpef was enormous and further increased in the presence of comorbidities.
results : overall , the two dichotomies ( scales # 1 & # 2 ) showed the weakest construct validity with the health outcome variables.
conclusions : to properly represent multimorbidity , using dichotomous measures should be used with caution.
the rate of senescence can be inferred from the acceleration by which mortality rates increase over age.
such a senescence rate is generally estimated from parameters of a mathematical model fitted to these mortality rates.
however , such models have limitations and underlying assumptions.
notably , they do not fit mortality rates at young and old ages.
therefore , we developed a method to calculate senescence rates from the acceleration of mortality directly without modeling the mortality rates.
from age @number@ to @number@ senescence rates were comparable when calculated with or without a model.
however , when using non-modeled mortality rates , senescence rates were yielded at young and old ages that remained concealed when using modeled mortality rates.
at young ages senescence rates were negative , while senescence rates declined at old ages.
temporal trends in adherence and viral load suppression were examined by the patient's most frequently used haart regimen in the year.
results : a total of @number@ haart users contributed @number@ person-years of follow-up.
osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common in older age and associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
consequently , they are both attended by a considerable socioeconomic burden.
however , none of these have been universally accepted.
this has led to difficulties in accurately delineating the burden of disease , exploring geographic differences , and recruiting appropriate subjects to clinical trials.
there is also uncertainty about how improvement in sarcopenia should be measured in pharmaceutical trials.
it is imperative that a universal definition of sarcopenia is reached soon to facilitate greater progress in research into this debilitating condition.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "muscle bone interactions \ ".
background : aging is associated with loss of balance and activity in daily life.
it impacts postural control and increases the risk of falls.
methods : a randomized crossover pilot study with blinding of the participants.
feasibility outcomes included recruitment , compliance and safety.
puri and sen rank-order l statistics were used to analyse carry-over effects.
to analyse sr-wbv effects wilcoxon signed-ranked tests were used.
results : with good recruitment rate ( @percent@ ) and compliance ( attrition @percent@ ; adherence @percent@ ) rates the intervention was deemed feasible.
three participants dropped out , two due to knee pain and one for personal reasons.
conclusions : stochastic resonance training is feasible in untrained elderly resulting in good recruitment and compliance.
low volume sr-wbv exercises over @number@ training sessions with @number@ hz , noise @number@ seems a sufficient stimulus to improve etgug total time.
the stimulation did not elicit changes in other outcomes.
trial registration : this trial has been registered at the u.s. national institutes of health under clinicaltrials.gov : nct01045746.
background : patient age is one of many potential risk factors for fracture nonunion.
methods : the exogen bone healing system is a lipus device approved in @number@ to accelerate healing of fresh fracture.
after approval , the fda required a post-market registry to assess performance.
patient data collected from @date@ until @date@ were individually reviewed and validated by a registered nurse.
data were used to calculate two derived variables ; days to treatment ( dtt ) and days on treatment ( dot ) .
every validated fresh fracture patient with dtt , dot , and outcome is reported.
among treatment-compliant patients , hr was @percent@.
dtt was significantly shorter for patients who healed ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : comorbid conditions in conjunction with aging can reduce fracture hr.
patients with fracture who used lipus had a @percent@ hr , whereas the expected hr averages @percent@.
older patients ( ≥ @number@ ) with fracture risk factors treated with lipus exhibit similar heal rates to the population as a whole.
background : edentulism affects the quality of life and general health of an individual.
but in ageing individuals , it has been observed to have greater impact , manifesting in functional , psychological and social limitations.
with an increasing older adult population in ghana , its burden is likely to increase.
this study was thus carried out to explore the association between edentulism and quality of life among older ghanaian adults.
participants included a nationally representative sample of adult's aged @number@ years and older living in ghana.
to assess the association between edentulism and the independent variables , a bivariate analysis was carried out.
a poisson regression model was then performed , adjusting for age , sex , income , education and the diagnosis of a chronic disease condition.
a spearman's correlation analysis was also carried out between the single and multi item measure of quality of life to assess how well they correlate.
it , however , showed no association with happiness.
among edentulous respondents , females and those with no formal education reported significantly lower quality of life.
the whoqol correlated positively and strongly with the single-item measure.
more emphasis may thus need to be placed on the oral health of the aging population in ghana to avoid it.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' cv aging'.
clinical trial registration number : nct @number@
information on measured height and weight available in the two datasets was used to calculate body mass index ( bmi ) .
self-reported back pain occurring in the past @number@ days was the outcome.
multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between bmi and back pain.
results : the prevalence of back pain ranged from @percent@ ( china ) to @percent@ ( poland ) .
no significant associations were found in the other countries.
conclusions : the strength of the association between obesity and back pain may vary by country.
future studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to differences in the associations observed.
background : aging and sun exposure are the leading causes of skin cancer.
here , we directly ask whether dna methylation is altered following skin aging and / or chronic sun exposure in humans.
we replicate these findings using whole genome bisulfite sequencing , comparing epidermis from an additional set of younger and older subjects.
these blocks largely overlap known hypomethylated blocks in colon cancer and we observe that these same regions are similarly hypomethylated in squamous cell carcinoma samples.
conclusions : these data implicate large scale epigenomic change in mediating the effects of environmental damage with photo-aging.
this study evaluated the role of trem2 in load risk in african-american ( aa ) subjects.
we performed exonic sequencing and validation in two independent cohorts of > 800 subjects.
trem2 p.l211p resides within the cytoplasmic domain and p.w191x is a stop-gain mutation within the shorter trem- @date@ transcript.
methods : α random sample of @number@ children was extracted from a national database and matched with their mothers.
maternal age and alcohol consumption were not associated with the outcome ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusion : gwg , physical activity and smoking status during pregnancy were significantly associated with obesity for the offspring at the age of @number@
a similar pattern was evident within most strata of urologist characteristics , including academic affiliation.
background : microglia are considered the resident immune cells of the central nervous system ( cns ) .
a \ "classically \ " activated m1 phenotype is known to eradicate toxicity.
the transition to an \ "alternatively \ " activated m2 phenotype encompasses neuroprotection and repair.
methods : in vitro , exogenous il-4 was applied to bv2 microglial cell cultures to evaluate the temporal progression of microglial responses.
elisas quantified il-4 expression and aβ levels.
histological staining permitted quantification of microglial and astrocytic activity.
conclusions : in summary , this study offers insight into the therapeutic potential of microglial immune response in ad.
endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are early predictors of cvd.
endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery ultrasound and arterial stiffness via arterial tonometry.
the present results suggest a link between adherence to the dietary guidelines and favourable vascular health.
combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) has extended the longevity of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) -infected individuals.
however , this has resulted in greater awareness of age-associated diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .
we measured absolute telomere length ( atl ) in peripheral leukocytes from @number@ hiv-infected adults.
comparisons were made to @number@ hiv-uninfected individuals from a population-based sample.
multivariable regression models identified factors associated with shortened atl.
background : arsenic induces neural tube defects in several animal models , but its potential to cause neural tube defects in humans is unknown.
controls were selected from pregnancy registries in the same areas.
maternal arsenic exposure was estimated from drinking water samples taken from wells used during the first trimester of pregnancy.
results : fifty-seven cases of myelomeningocele were identified along with @number@ controls.
a significant interaction was observed between drinking water inorganic arsenic and periconceptional folic acid use.
no main effect of arsenic exposure on myelomeningocele risk was identified.
results suggest that environmental arsenic exposure reduces the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in preventing myelomeningocele.
multiple risk factors were also calculated by summing all these risk factors.
china , ghana and india had a higher prevalence of respondents with multiple risk factors than mexico , the russia federation and south africa.
the occurrence of three and four risk factors was more prevalent in mexico , the russia federation and south africa.
conclusion : there were substantial variations across countries and settings , even between upper-middle income countries and lower-middle income countries.
background : this study attempts to examine the impact of socioeconomic and medical conditions in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in ghana.
five separate models with varying input variables were estimated for each response variable.
ordered logits was estimated for self-rated health , and binary logits for functional limitation and healthcare utilization.
controlling for socioeconomic status substantially contributes significantly to utilization.
also , aged women experience worse health than men , as shown by functioning assessment , self-rated health , chronic conditions and functional limitations.
women have higher rates of healthcare utilization , as shown by significantly higher rates of hospitalization and outpatient encounters.
purpose : cataract is the world-leading cause of blindness.
these results were presented in an earlier plosone publication.
the objective of the study was to characterize the single-photon photobleaching action spectrum of the aged human lens in vitro.
methods : ninety-one human donor lenses were irradiated with continuous wave laser light at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ or @number@ nm.
photobleaching was monitored by photography and transmission measurements.
results : the action spectrum peaked at @number@ nm followed by , in order of decreasing effect , @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ nm.
younger and less absorbent lenses showed smaller changes than older and more absorbent lenses.
there was a dose-dependent increase in lens transmission with increasing laser irradiation.
conclusions : for a @number@ year old lens an effect corresponding to elimination of @number@ years or more of optical ageing was obtained.
the results may be used to guide experiments with two-photon bleaching.
carbon reduction at the household level is an integral part of carbon mitigation.
this study analyses the characteristics , effects , contributing factors and policies for urban household carbon emissions in the yangtze river delta of china.
primary data was collected through structured questionnaire surveys in three cities in the region nanjing , ningbo , and changzhou in @number@
the survey data was first used to estimate the magnitude of household carbon emissions in different urban contexts.
the average of urban household carbon emissions in the region was estimated to be @number@ tonnes co2 in @number@
micronutrients from the diet and gut microbiota are essential to human health and wellbeing.
these varied effects may be rationalized by an important , if ill-defined , contribution to protein translation or may manifest from other presently unidentified mechanisms.
despite the importance of this process , there is a lack of detailed structural information explaining the effects of deamidation on the structure of proteins.
deamidation was mimicked by site directed mutagenesis ; thus , three mutants of hstim ( n15d , n71d and n15d / n71d ) were characterized.
the results show that the n71d mutant resembles , structurally and functionally , the wild type enzyme.
in contrast , the n15d mutant displays all the detrimental effects related to deamidation.
the n15d / n71d mutant shows only minor additional effects when compared with the n15d mutation , supporting that deamidation of n71 induces negligible effects.
based on a phylogenetic analysis of tim sequences , we propose the conservation of this mechanism for mammalian tims.
background : improving the early detection of diabetic nephropathy remains a great challenge in disease management.
periostin is a marker of renal tubular injury and related to progressive kidney injury in animal models of chronic kidney disease.
the clinical implications of urinary periostin activities in patients with type @number@ diabetes have not been evaluated.
the excretion levels of urinary periostin were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
immunohistochemical periostin expression was determined in kidney tissues from overt diabetic nephropathy.
results : increased periostin expression in glomeruli and tubular epithelium in diabetic renal pathology was observed.
conclusion : the study indicates that increased urine periostin levels can be detected in patients with type @number@ diabetes before the onset of significant albuminuria.
background : the relationship between weight problems and depression has been the focus of many studies ; however , results from these studies vary.
methods : we used data from the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) .
of the @number@ respondents that participated in klosa in @number@ @number@ adults aged between @number@ and @number@ years were included in the final analysis.
the relationship between depression and obesity status was examined in both the full sample and in sub-samples stratified by gender.
the observed u-shaped association between obesity status and ces-d score was tested by regressing ces-d score on linear and quadratic terms of bmi scores.
this u-shaped association between ces-d and obesity status was confirmed by a model in which ces-d scores were regressed on bmi scores and other covariates.
conclusions : this study found a u-shaped association between bmi and levels of depressive symptoms among adults in korea overall and also within each gender.
specifically , the highest level of depressive symptoms was found among the underweight , followed by the severely obese and then the obese.
slightly different patterns between male and female adults were found regarding the weight status associated with the fewest depressive symptoms.
methods : a in padua ' public tertiary level centre was conducted.
a total of @number@ normo-ovulatory infertile women scheduled for their first fresh non-donor ivf / icsi treatment.
considering the pool of normoresponders , mcl was not correlated with pregnancy rate while a positive association was found with patients ' age.
background : younger and older generations may differ substantially in their lifetime smoking habits , which may result in generation-specific health challenges.
we aimed to quantify generation shifts in smoking over a period of @number@ years.
generation shifts were studied between 10-year generations ( age range : 20-100 years ) .
generation shifts were examined graphically and by using logistic random effect models for men and women.
the unfavourable generation shifts were mainly found among the lower educated.
conclusions : the future burden of disease due to smoking is expected to be reduced among men , but not yet among women.
educational differences in smoking-related health problems are expected to increase.
background : with infertility populations rapidly aging , treatments improving pregnancy chances assume increasing clinical importance.
dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) has been reported to improve pregnancy rates and lower miscarriage rates in women with diminished ovarian function.
results : patients in the dhea group had a significantly higher live birth rate compared with controls ( p < 0.05 ) .
conversely , miscarriage rate was higher for patients in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : dhea supplementation may significantly improve ivf outcomes in infertile women with advanced reproductive age and normal ovarian reserve.
postural control in certain situations depends on functioning of tactile or proprioceptive receptors and their respective dynamic integration.
loss of sensory functioning can lead to increased risk of falls in challenging postural tasks , especially in older adults.
balance performance was evaluated by computing an equilibrium score ( es ) and anterior-posterior sway path length ( applength ) .
for postural control evaluation , strategy scores and approximate entropy ( apen ) were computed.
repeated-measures anova , wilcoxon signed-rank tests , and mann-whitney u-tests were conducted for statistical analysis.
strategy scores differed between both age groups , whereas vibration only affected the older group ( p = @number@ ) .
background : the degree to which genetic or environmental factors are associated with early kidney damage among african americans ( aas ) is unknown.
high risk apol1 status was defined by @number@ copies of high-risk variants ; low risk if @number@ or @number@ copy.
income groups were dichotomized as < $ 14 , 000 / year ( lowest income group ) or ≥ $ 14 , 000 / year.
logistic regression models were adjusted for age , sex , and % european ancestry.
results : overall , participants ' mean age was @number@ years and @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) had high risk apol1 status.
mean egfr was @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) .
mildly reduced egfr was prevalent among @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
high-risk apol1 was not significantly associated with reduced egfr ( aor @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.9-2.5 ) .
among @number@ participants with acr data , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) had elevated acr.
compared to low-risk , persons with high-risk apol1 had higher odds of elevated acr ( aor @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.0-7.3 ) .
income was not significantly associated with elevated acr ( aor @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.7-4.5 ) .
there were no significant interactions between apol1 and income.
conclusions : both genetic and socioeconomic factors may be important determinants of early kidney damage among aas.
many aging theories and their related molecular mechanisms have been proposed.
among them , insulin / igf-1 plays a key and evolutionary conserved role.
interestingly , dietary interventions can modulate this pathway.
calorie restriction ( cr ) , intermittent fasting , and protein and amino acid restriction prolong the lifespan of mammals by igf-1 regulation.
however , some recent findings support the hypothesis that the long-term effects of diet also involve epigenetic mechanisms.
in this review , we describe the best characterized aging pathways and highlight the role of epigenetics in diet-mediated longevity.
cancer diagnosis and treatment may influence dietary intake.
the validity of using self-reported methods to quantify dietary intake has not been evaluated in childhood cancer survivors.
dietary underreporting , assessed by ( ei-tee ) / tee × @percent@ , was @percent@ for ffq and @percent@ for repeated 24hrs.
ffq significantly underestimates dietary intake and should not be used to assess the absolute intake of foods and nutrients in childhood cancer survivors.
background : in any aging society , the sociolegal construction of intergenerational relationships is of great importance.
method : a comparative case law methodology was used.
the texts of three different supreme court cases-in the united states , canada , and israel-were analyzed and compared.
findings : despite the different legal outcomes , all three court rulings reflect a disregard of known and relevant social gerontology theories of intergenerational relationships.
background : inflammation is linked to cognitive decline in midlife , but the neural basis for this link is unclear.
one possibility is that inflammation associates with adverse changes in brain morphology , which accelerates cognitive aging and later dementia risk.
clear evidence is lacking , however , regarding whether inflammation relates to cognition in midlife via changes in brain morphology.
accordingly , the current study examines whether associations of inflammation with cognitive function are mediated by variation in cortical gray matter volume among midlife adults.
all participants underwent structural neuroimaging to assess global and regional brain morphology and completed neuropsychological tests sensitive to early changes in cognitive function.
measurements of brain morphology ( regional tissue volumes and cortical thickness and surface area ) were derived using freesurfer.
exploratory analyses of body mass suggested that adiposity may be a source of the inflammation linking brain morphology to cognition.
conclusions : inflammation and adiposity might relate to cognitive decline via influences on brain morphology.
stem cells are unspecialized cells , which have the capacity to self-renew and generate differentiated cell types.
human cardiac progenitor cells ( hcpc ) improve heart function after autologous transfer in heart failure patients.
regenerative potential of hcpcs is severely limited with age , requiring genetic modification to enhance therapeutic potential.
mito-pim1 increases the proliferation rate by up-regulation of cell cycle modulators cyclin d , cdk4 , and phospho-rb.
targeted pim1 overexpression in hcpcs allows for selection of the desired phenotypic properties to overcome patient variability and improve specific stem cell characteristics.
background : with the aging of the population living with hiv , the absolute risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is increasing.
there is a need to further facilitate the identification of persons at elevated risk in routine practice.
cox regression models ( full and reduced ) were developed that predict the risk of a global cvd endpoint.
a total of @number@ cvd events occurred during @number@ person-years.
a reduced model omitted antiretroviral therapies.
the d : a : d models also more accurately predicted five-year cvd-risk for key prognostic subgroups.
the estimated cvd risk can be used to quantify risk and to guide preventive care.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified numerous loci associated with blood pressure ( bp ) .
the molecular mechanisms underlying bp regulation , however , remain unclear.
we investigated bp-associated molecular mechanisms by integrating bp gwas with whole blood mrna expression profiles in @number@ individuals , using network approaches.
bp transcriptomic signatures at the single-gene and the coexpression network module levels were identified.
four coexpression modules were identified as potentially causal based on genetic inference because expression-related snps for their corresponding genes demonstrated enrichment for bp gwas signals.
genes from the four modules were further projected onto predefined molecular interaction networks , revealing key drivers.
gene subnetworks entailing molecular interactions between key drivers and bp-related genes were uncovered.
as proof-of-concept , we validated sh2b3 , one of the top key drivers , using sh2b3 ( - / - ) mice.
our findings may help to identify novel targets for the prevention or treatment of hypertension.
several laboratories have described the existence of undifferentiated precursor cells that may act like stem cells in the ependyma of the rodent spinal cord.
the presented data suggest that the ependymal region is more likely to be reminiscent of a low-grade ependymoma.
purpose : the aim of this study was to determine if demodex infestation is more frequent in contact lens wearers than in nonwearers.
demodex was detected using in vivo confocal microscopy and conventional light microscopy.
conclusions : contact lens wearers harbor demodex as frequently as nonwearers and in higher numbers , which is best detected using in vivo confocal microscopy.
the significance of these findings is uncertain because no associations were found with any symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.
design : prevalence association study.
logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and @number@ % confidence intervals of chd according to fish or fish-liver oil exposure.
models were adjusted for age , education , concurrent diet and other known risk factors.
setting : the study was nested within the ages-reykjavik study , conducted in reykjavik , iceland.
dietary habits were assessed retrospectively using a validated ffq.
results : chd was identified in @number@ ( 7·9 % ) women.
conclusions : fish-liver oil consumption , from early life , may reduce the risk of chd in older women.
lifelong nutrition may be of importance in the prevention of chd in older women.
background : data are limited on the presence , distribution , and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged populations.
subclinical atherosclerosis was present in @percent@ of participants ( @percent@ of men , @percent@ of women ) .
intermediate and generalized atherosclerosis was identified in @percent@.
conclusions : subclinical atherosclerosis was highly prevalent in this middle-aged cohort , with nearly half of the participants classified as having intermediate or generalized disease.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : nct01410318.
defects in autophagy have implications for melanocyte survival and manifestations of skin pigmentary disorders.
zhang et al.
in this respect , nanoscience-based systems are expected to provide more efficient mitigation of oxidative stress.
a few insights into the role of antioxidants in mitigating oxidative stress caused by therapeutic compounds or drug carriers are also discussed.
expert opinion : several challenges must still be overcome in the development of 3d supramolecular assemblies to efficiently fight oxidative stress.
first , an improvement of the assemblies ' properties and stability in biological conditions has to be addressed.
third , comparative studies are necessary to evaluate these systems in a standardized manner both in vitro and in vivo.
we directly compared @number@ arterial spin-labeling techniques in healthy elderly controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
relative cerebral blood flow maps were calculated by using commercial software and standard parameters.
data analysis included spatial normalization of gray matter-corrected relative cbf maps , whole-brain average , and voxelwise comparison of both arterial spin-labeling sequences.
conclusions : overall , fair had higher estimated relative cbf and lower interindividual variability than picore.
in more detail , there were regional differences between both arterial spin-labeling sequences.
in summary , these results highlight the need to calibrate arterial spin-labeling sequences.
it was an analytical study.
data were collected by ellison & palutzian spiritual well-being index and short form quality of life ( sf-36 ) .
the mean score of quality of life was ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
the mean score of spiritual well-being was ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
there was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and quality of life ( p = @number@ ) .
according to positive correlation between spiritual well-being and quality-of-life scores , awareness of the importance of spiritual well-being in caring of these people is recommended.
fdh present a challenge due to the more lateral trajectory needed for their excision and thereby more muscle dissection and possibly facet resection.
forty patients , @number@ women and @number@ men with a mean age ± standard deviation of @number@ ± @number@ years , underwent mis for fdh.
data on length of hospital stay , body mass index and outcomes were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively.
average length of stay following surgery was @number@ ± @number@ days.
there was one wound infection and four unsatisfactory results.
using the macnab score , good to excellent results were achieved in @percent@ of the patients.
the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery ( cantab ) is a semiautomated computer interface for assessing cognitive function.
we examined whether cantab tests measured specific cognitive functions , using established neuropsychological tests as a reference point.
confirmatory factor analysis identified four factors : processing speed , verbal ability , episodic memory , and working memory.
however , cantab tests did not consistently load onto the cognitive domain factors derived from traditional measures of the same function.
these results indicate that five of the six cantab subtests examined did not load onto single cognitive functions.
implications : according to social capital theory , social networks provide a vehicle for social resources that can be beneficial for successful aging and well-being.
this study is a first step at understanding the correlates of social network size and diversity among lgbt older adults.
the gait variability index ( gvi ) , a composite measure of variability across several gait parameters , was previously developed to overcome this challenge.
the present study seeks to validate the use of gvi in the older adult population.
a retrospective analysis of gait and clinical data was conducted using data pooled from five prior studies.
the final data set included @number@ younger adults ( ya , age < 65 ) and @number@ older adults ( oa , age≥65 ) .
the gvi of oa ( @number@.92±8.75 ) was significantly lower compared to the gvi of ya ( @number@.79±7.99 ) .
furthermore , gvi was associated with mobility function , including walking speed and performance on the berg balance scale.
in humans , the developmental origins of interneurons in the third trimester of pregnancy and the timing of completion of interneuron neurogenesis have remained unknown.
the proliferation of these progenitors reduced as a function of gestational age , almost terminating by @number@ gw.
the data suggest that the mge and cge are the primary source of cortical interneurons.
moreover , their generation continues nearly to the end of pregnancy , which may predispose premature infants to neurobehavioral disorders.
the ability to encode and retrieve spatial and temporal contextual details of episodic memories ( context memory ) begins to decline at midlife.
participants were scanned while performing easy and hard versions of spatial and temporal context memory tasks.
scans were obtained at encoding and retrieval.
significant reductions in context memory retrieval accuracy were observed in ma , compared with ya.
furthermore , only in ya , increased encoding activity in ventrolateral pfc , and increased retrieval activity in occipital cortex , predicted increased retrieval accuracy.
in ma , increased retrieval activity in anterior pfc predicted increased retrieval accuracy.
these results suggest that there are changes in pfc contributions to context memory at midlife.
background : identification of novel biomarkers is needed to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure ( hf ) .
metabolic disturbance is remarkable in patients with hf.
objectives : this study sought to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of metabolomics in hf.
in the recovery group , the values of this panel significantly improved at @number@ and @number@ months.
to evaluate the prognostic values , events were defined as the combined endpoints of death or hf-related re-hospitalization.
these findings were corroborated in the validation study.
conclusions : metabolomics demonstrate powerful diagnostic value in estimating hf-related metabolic disturbance.
the profile of metabolites provides better prognostic value versus conventional biomarkers.
background : four previously reported studies have tested for association of blood proteins with neocortical amyloid-β burden ( nab ) .
the study considers candidate proteins seen in cohorts other than aibl and candidates previously discovered in the aibl cohort.
methods : our study used the somascan platform for protein quantification in blood serum.
linear and logistic regressions were used to model continuous nab and dichotomized nab respectively using single proteins as a predictor.
multiple protein models were built using stepwise regression techniques and support vectors machines.
age and apoeɛ4 carriage were used as covariates for all analysis.
results : of the @number@ proteins previously reported , @number@ aibl candidates and @number@ non-aibl candidates were available for testing.
of these candidates , pancreatic polypeptide ( ppy ) and igm showed a significant association with nab.
notably , igm was found to associate with continuous nab across cognitively normal control subjects.
conclusions : we have further demonstrated the association of ppy and igm with nab , despite technical differences between studies.
there are several reasons for a lack of significance for the other candidates including platform differences and the use of serum rather than plasma samples.
to investigate the possibility of technical differences causing lack of replication , further studies are required.
yet it is increasingly common for couples at advanced ages to conceive children.
as paternal age increases , it presents no absolute barrier to conception , but it does present greater risks and complications.
cerebral hcar1 is concentrated on the postsynaptic membranes of excitatory synapses and also is enriched at the blood-brain barrier.
in synaptic spines and in adipocytes , hcar1 immunoreactivity is also located on subplasmalemmal vesicular organelles , suggesting trafficking to and from the plasma membrane.
hcar1 may contribute to optimizing the camp concentration.
hcar1 could serve to ameliorate these conditions and might also act through downstream mechanisms other than camp.
lactate exits cells through monocarboxylate transporters in an equilibrating manner and through astrocyte anion channels activated by depolarization.
recent data also link bilirubin to other chronic diseases , including cancer and type @number@ diabetes mellitus , and to all-cause mortality.
the mechanistic background concerning how bilirubin and its metabolism may influence disease prevention and its clinical relevance is also discussed.
targeted therapy has become a powerful approach for cancer treatment.
better understanding of oncogenes as well as synthetic lethal interactions with oncogenes will lead to new strategies for tumor-specific treatment.
it is well known that mutant p53 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development.
thus , understanding the synthetic lethal relationship between p53 mutations and interacting genes in tumor is critical for the personalized treatments of p53 mutant tumors.
synthetic lethal genes to mutant p53 can be divided into cell cycle regulators and non-cell cycle regulators.
age-associated physical musculoskeletal alterations increase elder adults ' ( age @number@ and older ) risk for injury.
research has demonstrated that on-the-job injuries result in increased absenteeism , and fatalities are more common for the elder adult population.
purpose : there is scant empirical work exploring academic physicians ' psychosocial adjustment during late-career transitions or on the factors that influence their retirement decisions.
the authors examine these issues through the lens of sociopsychological identity theory , specifically examining how identity threat influences academic physicians ' decisions about retirement.
these identity challenges influenced decisions on whether to retire.
organizational and system support was perceived as wanting.
coping strategies included reimagining and revaluing various aspects of the self through assimilating new activities and reprioritizing others.
conclusions : identity-related struggles are a significant feature of academic physicians ' considerations about late-career transitions.
understanding these challenges , their antecedents , and their consequences can prepare faculty , and their institutions , to better manage late-career transitions.
individual- and institution-level implications are discussed.
background : midlife alcohol consumption ( beer , wine , and spirits ) was examined in relation to dementia incidence over @number@ years.
dementia was identified from the national patient and cause of death registries.
cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cluster-correlated data were used in cohort analyses.
conditional logistic regression ( dementia-discordant pairs ) and mixed effects models ( dementia-concordant pairs ) were used in twin analyses.
results : overall , nondrinkers did not differ from light drinkers in dementia risk.
conclusion : averaging more than @number@ grams of alcohol per day may increase risk of dementia.
alcohol from spirits appears particularly important for the increased dementia risk.
genetic and / or familial factors do not explain these associations.
alcohol use reduction may be a useful population-wide intervention strategy.
period analysis is increasingly used to derive up-to-date cancer survival estimates.
we used cancer registry data to simulate bias and dco proportions resulting from various patterns of underreporting of deceased cases.
we show results for six common cancers with very different prognosis and five different age groups.
bdnf is known to regulate sst expression ; however , the mechanisms underlying decreased expression of both genes are not understood.
dna methylation ( dnam ) is an attractive candidate mechanism.
an expanded set of bdnf- and gaba-related genes exhibited similar age-related changes in dnam and correlation with gene expression.
the survey consisted of self-reported information on impairments , disability , participation , demographics , personal and environmental factors.
we used multivariate stepwise least likelihood regression of ' a priori ' variables to determine predictive factors.
our findings may be applicable to others with chronic disabling conditions who contemplate the user-pay unregulated invasive procedures available to them.
background : disparities in access to kidney transplantation ( kt ) remain inadequately understood and addressed.
detailed descriptions of patient attitudes may provide insight into mechanisms of disparity.
females and older males tended to be more positive about dialysis experiences.
younger males expressed a lack of support from friends and family.
all participants shared feelings of being treated poorly by medical professionals and lacking information about renal disease and treatment options.
conclusions : these perceptions may contribute to disparities in access to kt , motivating granular studies based on the themes identified.
background : lifestyle factors represent prime targets for behaviour change interventions to promote healthy ageing and reduce dementia risk.
we evaluated a goal-setting intervention aimed at promoting increased cognitive and physical activity and improving mental and physical fitness , diet and health.
primary outcomes were engagement in physical and cognitive activity.
participants aged over @number@ living independently in the community were recruited through a community agewell centre.
participants and researchers were blinded to group assignment.
participants were reassessed after @number@ months.
results : seventy-five participants were randomised ( ic n = @number@ gs n = @number@ gm n = @number@ ) .
conclusions : a brief , low-cost goal-setting intervention is feasible and acceptable , and has the potential to achieve increased activity engagement.
trial registration : current controlled trials isrctn30080637.
we also tested whether changes in va mediated exercise effects on performance on various cognitive tasks.
sixty-eight physically inactive volunteers participated in exercise and tv-watching control conditions.
they completed the va subscale of the profile of mood states immediately before and @number@ min after the intervention in each condition.
they also performed the trail making test @number@ min after the intervention in each condition.
in addition , the mediational analyses revealed that changes in va fully mediated the effects of exercise on tmt-part a performance.
we investigate the impact of peer competition on longevity using a unique historical data set of @number@ prominent music composers born in the 19th century.
the negative externality of peer competition is experienced in all cities , fairly independent of their population size.
our results are reaffirmed using an instrumental variable approach and are consistent throughout a range of robustness tests.
in addition to the widely known economic benefits associated with competition , these findings suggest that significant negative welfare externalities exist as well.
although age-associated gene expression and methylation changes have been reported throughout the literature , the unifying epigenomic principles of aging remain poorly understood.
the prc2 signature was shown to be generally stable across cell types.
in contrast , agens were associated with the prc2 signature independently of the directionality of gene expression changes.
this narrative review focuses on the relationship between aging and sport participation , and the effect on both performance and recovery following an exercise bout.
currently , it appears that performance decrements are inevitable with age.
however , performance capacities can be maintained through systematic physical training.
background : decision boxes ( dboxes ) are two-page evidence summaries to prepare clinicians for shared decision making ( sdm ) .
we sought to assess the feasibility of a clustered randomized controlled trial ( rct ) to evaluate their impact.
after consultations , their patients rated their involvement in decision-making processes ( sdm-q-9 instrument ) .
we measured clinic and clinician recruitment rates , questionnaire completion rates , patient eligibility rates , and estimated the rct needed sample size.
of @number@ clinicians invited to the study , @number@ participated ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : clinicians ' recruitment and questionnaire completion rates support the feasibility of the planned rct.
the level of interest of participants for the dbox topics , and their level of satisfaction with the dboxes demonstrate the acceptability of the intervention.
processes to recruit clinics and patients should be optimized.
blood biomarkers for osteoporosis , as well as diurnal rhythms of cortisol levels were used as cognitive performance correlation parameters in linear multivariate regression analyses.
results : individuals with osteoporosis had poorer cognitive scores ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : patients with osteoporosis are prone to cognitive impairments especially declarative memory deficits.
background : heritability of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is estimated at @percent@ and genetic contributors have been widely sought.
taking a multi-locus approach may increase the ability to identify individuals at highest risk for any ad syndrome.
results : we confirmed apoe ε4 as a strong risk factor for ad.
in decision tree analyses , we found that apoe best differentiated cases from controls only in amnad but not atad.
background : in the modern society , aging had been a major problem.
people may rely on many medicines to delay it.
however , lots of medicines were chemosynthetic , and they would do a bad side-effect on human body.
microbial sources could be used as a potential means of producing natural antioxidants.
lentinus edodes , commercial obtained in daily life , had recently become more attractive in physiological research.
to investigate the bioconversion of zinc and the physiological effects of their complex ( mzps ) , the present studies were processed.
the zinc content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
the evaluation of monosaccharide compositions and proportions used gas chromatogram.
the analysis of molecular weight used hpgpc chromatogram.
the typical structure of polysaccharide was evaluated by ir spectrum.
the antioxidant activities in vitro measured through reducing power , the scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and @number@ , ( dpph ) radicals.
infrared spectrum analysis indicated that there were c-h , c = o and -ch2 bonds in mps and mzps.
mps also had the typical absorption of -nh3 ( + ) , -nh2 and -cooh.
because unmet needs often have negative consequences , it is increasingly important to identify factors associated with unmet needs.
methods : data from three waves ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) of the chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey ( clhls ) were analyzed.
significant factors among only rural residents were gender and cognitive function.
the heart is a very special organ in the body and has a high requirement for metabolism due to its constant workload.
as a consequence , to provide a consistent and sufficient energy a high steady-state demand of metabolism is required by the heart.
so it is no wonder that almost every heart disease is related to metabolic shift.
furthermore , aging is also found to be related to the reduction in mitochondrial function , insulin resistance , and dysregulated intracellular lipid metabolism.
background : physical activity affects physical and mental health , prevents disease , and improves quality of life.
however , physical activity also decreases with age in older persons , and is affected by adverse climatic periods.
conclusions : older persons should be supported in their attempts to go outdoors during midwinter.
they should be provided with intervention programs to increase their physical activity at home.
objective : to describe specific fundus features of a white population with the r1210c rare variant.
the presence of drusen in the extramacular regions ( extramacular drusen score ) , pigmentary abnormalities , and disease staging were also evaluated.
binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between rare variant status and ocular phenotypes.
results : images from a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ eyes ) , including @number@ patients with the rare variant , were analyzed.
drusen score covariates were associated with the r1210c rare variant.
better characterization of genetic profiles in age-related macular degeneration may be important for screening and future therapeutic strategies for this vision-threatening condition.
methods : we performed epidemiological , cytokine , and transcriptomic analyses on a prospective , multi-center cohort of @number@ severely injured patients.
however , aged patients had more comorbidities.
additionally , advanced age was an independent predictor of a complicated recovery and 28-day mortality.
later , these patients demonstrated gene expression changes consistent with simultaneous , persistent pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive states.
as the general population's age increases , it will be important to individualize prediction models and therapeutic targets to this high risk cohort.
in addition , we investigated the associations between certain gait parameters and a history of falls in study participants.
data on gait were collected on an electronic walkway on which participants walked at their usual pace.
a decreased walking speed was not associated with falls.
furthermore , stride length is a good indicator to differentiate fallers from non-fallers in older men from the general population.
a structured questionnaire was administered to @number@ italian outpatient hypertensive patients ( mean age , @number@.2±14.4 years ) .
overall , ≥10 recommended procedures were followed by @percent@ of the participants ; only @percent@ followed all recommendations.
less than @percent@ of the patients received some form of training by health professionals.
after multivariate analysis , patients receiving / reading instructions showed higher-quality hbpm ( p < .01 ) .
usual gait speed ( s ) to walk @number@ meters was stratified by sex and height into quartiles.
multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent effect of each factor associated with a slower usual gait speed.
when we consider the @percent@ slower , we can add the variables handgrip strength , and the presence of copd.
conclusions : gait speed is a clinical marker and an important measure of functional capacity among the elderly.
these results reinforce how important it is for the elderly to remain active and healthy.
methods : we studied @number@ patients with idc who had been treated with the therapy.
lvrr was defined as lv end-diastolic dimension ≤ @number@ mm and fractional shortening ≥ @percent@ at the last echocardiogram.
results : during a mean follow-up period of @number@ ± @number@ years , lvrr occurred in @percent@ ( 15 / 44 ) of the patients.
the presence of atrial fibrillation was @percent@ in patients with lvrr and @percent@ in those without ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : combined information on lv end-diastolic dimension and heart rhythm at diagnosis is useful in predicting future lvrr in patients with idc.
background : healthy aging includes physical , psychological , social , and spiritual well-being in later years.
the purpose of this study is to identify the psychosocial factors influencing healthy aging and examining their socio-demographic characteristics.
methods : @number@ korean adults aged between @number@ and @number@ years-old participated in the study.
self-reporting questionnaires were used , followed by descriptive statistics and multiple regressions as inferential statistical analyses.
results : there were significant differences between participants ' general characteristics : age , education , religion , housing , hobby , and economic status.
the factors influencing healthy aging were depression , leisure activities , perceived health status , ego integrity , and self-achievements.
these factors were able to explain @percent@.
conclusions : according to the results , depression is the factor with the greatest influence on healthy aging.
perceived health status , ego integrity , self-achievement , self-esteem , participation of leisure activities were also influential on healthy aging as beneficial factors.
we aimed to analyse horizontal equity in dmp enrolment among patients with coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
need-standardised dmp enrolment was predicted in multi-level logistic regression models.
education-related inequities in need-standardised dmp enrolment favoured groups with lower education , but hii estimates were not significant.
deprivation-related inequities among women significantly favoured groups with higher ses ( hii = @number@ [ @number@ ; @number@ ] .
no such deprivation-related inequities were seen among men ( hii = @number@ [ @number@ ; @number@ ] ) .
deprivation-related inequities across the whole population favoured groups with higher ses ( hii estimates not significant ) .
conclusion : need-standardised dmp enrolment was fairly equitable across educational levels.
deprivation-related inequities in dmp enrolment favoured women living in less deprived areas relative to those living in areas with higher deprivation.
further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to deprivation-related horizontal inequities in dmp enrolment among women.
mechanisms leading to ks testis degeneration are still not completely defined but considered to be mainly the result of germ cells loss.
results : the analysis found that , compared to controls , ks patients showed the differential up- and down-expression of @number@ and @number@ transcripts.
the large majority of the deregulated transcripts were expressed by sertoli cells ( scs ) and leydig cells ( lcs ) .
conclusions : taken together , present data highlight the modulation of hundreds of genes in the somatic components of ks patient testis.
the increased lcs steroidogenic function together with the impairment of inflammatory pathways and btb structure , result in increased apoptosis.
these findings may represent a critical roadmap for therapeutic intervention and prevention of ks-related testis failure.
one intervention option for management of the most severe to profound hearing loss in older adults is cochlear implantation.
we performed a review to determine the status of the literature on the potential influence of cochlear implantation on cognition in the older adult population.
methods : over @number@ articles related to cochlear implants , cognition , and older adults were reviewed.
results : out of @number@ studies selected , @number@ met inclusion criteria for the review.
the state of the current literature reveals a need for further clinical research on the impact of cochlear implantation on cognition in older adults.
a few studies of shbg in rats were reported , but systemic shbg studies in consideration of different organs and aging are currently missing.
the elisa assay of the sera also supported an increasing shbg level along with age.
it is widely regarded that chronic inflammation may be a common link in all these age-related diseases.
emerging evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 ( il-1 ) and il-18 show an age-dependent regulation implicating inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation in the aging process.
interestingly , reduction in nlrp3-mediated inflammation prevents age-related insulin resistance , bone loss , cognitive decline , and frailty.
we therefore conducted external quality monitoring for dried blood spot-based crp measurement for the indonesia family life survey and the longitudinal aging study in india.
age trajectories of total mortality represent an irreplaceable source of information about the relationship between mortality and age.
total mortality includes death from external causes.
age affects mortality from all diseases differently than it affects mortality from external causes.
this study examines mortality with external causes excluded.
the resulting category of all-diseases is examined as a helpful tool to better understand the relationship between mortality and age.
age trajectories of all-diseases mortality are studied in austria , the czech republic , hungary , poland , and slovakia.
resulting age trajectories of all-diseases mortality show a strong minimum that is hidden in all-causes mortality.
two deterministic models fit the resulting age trajectories of mortality on either side of the strong mortality minimum.
the inverse proportion between mortality and age is used from birth to the age when all-diseases mortality reaches the minimum value.
the gompertz relationship fits age trajectories of all-diseases mortality in @number@ out of @number@ cases.
when extended with a small quadratic element , the gompertz model is used to fit the remaining @number@ cases.
background : multiple chronic conditions and low skeletal muscle mass are common features of aging that are detrimental to physical performance.
this study evaluates the simultaneous impact of these conditions on physical performance in older adults.
methods : five studies from @number@ to @number@ were pooled to include @number@ adults aged ≥65 years with diagnosed chronic diseases measured by self-administered questionnaire.
chi-squared and logistic regression tests were applied for data analysis.
results : mean age of the study participants , of whom approximately @percent@ were men , was @number@ years.
the independent effect of low muscle mass was generally stronger than that of each disease.
conclusions : the combined association of chronic disease and low skeletal mass with physical performance was stronger than the effect of either factor alone.
background : the role of estrogens on moles biology remains undefined although estrogenic receptors have been found on melanocytes.
it has been postulated that supraphysiological estrogen levels could promote the progression of moles to melanoma.
the aim of this study is to assess whether cos for art may have an impact on mole structure and / or characteristics.
methods : women undergoing to art for various infertility conditions were included in the study.
personal and clinical data were collected.
dermatoscopic features and scores ( total dermoscopy score tds ) were statistically compared before cos and after a 6-month follow-up period.
statistical correlation was performed between estradiol , fsh blood levels and relative variation in moles dimensions.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included in the study.
one hundred and seventy-five melanocytic lesions from @number@ patients were evaluated at both time points.
moreover , the only statistically significant correlation with estradiol blood concentration on hcg administration day was found with one-axis dimensional variation.
conclusions : to our knowledge this is the first work to evaluate the effect of cos on moles.
the obtained results do not support a causal relation between the supraphysiological hormone levels stimulation and worsening of clinical and dermoscopical features of moles.
further study is needed to clarify whether estrogens plays a role in melanoma.
fournier gangrene ( fg ) is an infectious condition with fulminant evolution and is sometimes life-threatening.
here , we present the case of an immunocompromised 59-year-old male with surgical history of a pancreatic pseudocyst stented endoscopically.
fg that has spread to the male genital organs presents therapeutic challenges.
we assessed the impact of sarcopenia on impairment in both aspects of functionality and the relative contribution of its components , muscle mass and strength.
pre-sarcopenic participants were not different from controls.
the effect of sarcopenia on cognition is related to low muscle strength rather than low muscle mass.
conclusion : individuals with sarcopenia are not only more likely to have single but also to have dual impairment in cognitive and physical function.
interventions designed to prevent sarcopenia and improve muscle strength may help reduce the burden of cognitive and physical impairments of functionality in community-dwelling seniors.
background : the hospitalized elderly are at risk of functional decline.
we evaluated the effects and care costs of a specialized geriatric rehabilitation program aimed at preventing functional decline among at-risk hospitalized elderly.
methods : the prospective nonrandomized controlled trial reported here was performed in three hospitals in the netherlands.
one hospital implemented the prevention and reactivation care program ( precap ) , while two other hospitals providing usual care served as control settings.
we estimated costs per unit of care from hospital information systems and national data sources.
we used adjusted general linear mixed models to analyze functioning and hrqol.
analyses within the precap hospital comparing patients pre-and post-implementation of the precap showed no improvement over time in functioning , depression , and hrqol.
conclusion : we did not find any effect of the precap on adl and iadl.
further evaluations of integrated intervention programs to limit functional decline are therefore required.
this study examined how two domains of engagement-social network and activity participation-associate with objective and subjective cognitive function in later life.
specific consideration was given as to how these two spheres intersect in regard to recall and memory.
multivariate analyses revealed that activity participation yielded stronger positive associations with word recall and self-rated memory than social network alone.
however , the interactions indicate that this association lessened in strength for both the objective and subjective cognitive outcome measures as social network resources increased.
driving mobility ( frequency , exposure , and space ) was assessed over time.
results : no significant effects were found within the itt analyses.
however , number of spt sessions did affect driving mobility outcomes.
discussion : these results and prior research indicate that cognitive spt transfers to prolonged driving mobility among older adults.
future research should investigate the mechanisms behind transfer effects to real-world activities , such as driving.
men who responded were screened by telephone to ascertain eligibility.
of @number@ telephone screens , @percent@ were eligible for further screening.
their mean age was @number@ years and mean body mass index ( bmi ) was @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) .
mean ( standard deviation ) total t ( ng / dl ) was @number@ ( @number@ ) .
conclusion : despite the telephone screening to enrollment ratio of @number@ to @number@ we met the recruitment goals for each trial.
recruitment of symptomatic older men with low testosterone levels is difficult but feasible.
we were unable to detect significant differences between groups of practitioners and non-practitioners of exercise for this study.
furthermore , the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is also available for administration in adults and is recommended by the stiko for particular indications.
the advantage of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is the additional induction of a t-cell dependent immune response that leads to good immunogenicity despite immunosenescence.
for prevention of pneumonia in older adults the additional benefit of a concurrent application of influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine should be considered.
background : sarcopenia describes the age-associated loss of muscle mass , strength and function.
material and methods : this study included @number@ participants from the berlin aging study ii ( base-ii ) .
only @number@ % of the participants fulfilled all three criteria.
conclusion : in base-ii low skeletal muscle mass was much more frequent than reduced grip strength or poor function.
reduced strength and function were found to be associated with a greater impact on physical performance than reduced muscle mass.
low smi does not seem to be a prerequisite for low strength or limitations in mobility.
rationale : evidence suggests that depression is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with activation of inflammatory response system.
a few studies , however , have investigated the longitudinal relationship between raised inflammatory biomarkers and persistence of depressive symptoms.
we examined the temporal relationship between serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and persistence of depressive symptoms among older participants.
results : no cross-sectional association was found between il-6 , act and crp with depressive symptoms at baseline.
however , higher levels of il-6 and crp predicted depressive symptoms at 5-year follow-up.
adjustment for confounding variables had no impact on the observed associations.
conclusion : our data suggest that dysregulation of the inflammatory response system is associated with a more severe form of depression more likely to re-occur.
extracellular nucleotides acting through p2 receptors facilitate natriuresis.
furthermore , tg mice showed an attenuated fall in urine aldosterone with hsd.
several major sodium transporters or channel subunits were differentially expressed between the genotypes.
the na-k-2cl cotransporter ( nkcc2 ) was downregulated by hsd in wild-type mice , but it increased in tg mice.
there is a significant body of literature demonstrating that accelerometers placed at various locations on the body can provide the data necessary to recognize walking.
the wrist , however , is probably the most socially-acceptable location for a monitoring device.
accelerometer data were then analyzed using both frequency- and time-domain analyses.
frequency based analysis to characterize walking in the test set yielded results of @percent@ area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( auc ) .
using a time-series algorithm limited to features calculable on the wrist device , moreover , achieved an auc of @percent@.
these findings may enable improved gait monitoring and efforts in falls prevention.
data were obtained from @number@ adult ( 30-85 ) participants in the united states norming study for the nih toolbox.
self-efficacy , executive functioning , working memory , processing speed , episodic memory , and vocabulary were assessed with the nih toolbox.
higher education was associated with higher self-efficacy and better performance on all cognitive tests.
higher self-efficacy was associated with better set-switching and attention / inhibition.
significant self-efficacy by education interactions indicated that associations between self-efficacy and executive abilities were stronger for individuals with lower education.
specifically , individuals with low education but high self-efficacy performed similarly to individuals with high education.
this study provides evidence that self-efficacy beliefs buffer against the negative effects of low educational attainment on executive functioning.
these results have implications for future policy and / or intervention work aimed at reducing the deleterious effects of educational disadvantage on later cognitive health.
design : analyses of data from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
participant-reported physical activity data were collected in @number@ ( baseline ) , @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
participant age , sex , smoking , depressive symptoms , work status , wealth , and long-standing illness were recorded at baseline.
results : a total of @number@ participants ( mean age @number@ years ; @number@ male ) were included in the analyses.
there was reasonable stability in the physical activity measure over the @number@ time points ( cronbach's α @number@ ) .
there was an overall trend for increasing levels of inactivity and a reduction in vigorous activity.
those with greater wealth were @number@ times more likely to be persistently active.
conclusions : in the present analyses time spent in vigorous-intensity activity declined in later life.
a range of sociodemographic and biomedical factors were associated with being persistently active in older adults.
background : adipocytokines are bioactive molecules that are deeply involved in the occurrence of atherosclerosis , obesity , and autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
conversely , mean serum levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls ( p < @number@ ) .
this partial rebalancing seems to be mainly related to a reduction in proinflammatory adipocytokines , rather than an increase in anti-inflammatory adipocytokines.
lithium still retains its critical position in the treatment of bipolar disorder by virtue of its ability to prevent suicidal tendencies.
however , chronic use of lithium is often limited by the development of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ( ndi ) , a debilitating condition.
lithium-induced ndi is due to resistance of the kidney to arginine vasopressin ( avp ) , leading to polyuria , natriuresis and kaliuresis.
parallel in vitro studies showed that p2y12 receptor blockade by the reversible antagonist psb-0739 sensitizes cd to the action of avp.
thus , our studies unravelled the potential beneficial effects of targeting p2y2 or p2y12 receptors to counter avp resistance in lithium-induced ndi.
t1wi , t2wi and diffusion-weighted mr images ( dw mri ) were obtained and bilateral parotid , submandibular and sublingual glands segmented manually.
the volumes , t1wi , t2wi sis and adcs of three major salivary glands were measured.
and the relative sis ( rsis ) were assessed by comparing with cerebrospinal fluid.
significant differences existed between minority and middle age groups in all above-mentioned parameters ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : mri may be applied for studying the morphological and functional changes of normal major salivary glands with aging.
thus clinical rationales can be provided for assessing the subjects of any age during salivary gland imaging and aging-related researches.
because nhl is a heterogeneous condition , we also examined survival in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) .
results : survival was higher for patients with non-medicaid insurance compared with either uninsured patients or patients with medicaid.
conclusion : lack of insurance and medicaid only were associated with significantly lower survival for patients with nhl.
further evaluation of the reasons for this disparity and implementation of comprehensive coverage for medical care are urgently needed.
heart failure is a complex syndrome with a host of pathophysiological mechanisms in action.
inflammation , an integral component of homeostasis , is a complex tissue response to stressors that attempts to mitigate their effect and initiate healing.
inflammation plays a critical role in the development , course , severity and outcomes of hf.
the delicate balance of pro- and antiinflammatory processes can lead to beneficial or detrimental effects to the failing heart.
in this article , we review the evidence on inflammatory biomarkers and their potential role in prognosis and therapeutic decisions for patients with hf.
in this study , we present a novel method for the production and purification of an antagonist to human lif-r ( hla ) .
his-tagged hla was expressed in e. coli , and simple purification methods without any endopeptidase cleavage were designed.
in addition , we determined the optimal temperature conditions for enhancing the production of soluble hla.
finally , the bioactivity of his-tagged hla was examined using stat3 phosphorylation and receptivity of human endometrial ecc-1 cells.
our strategy provides a rapid and efficient method to produce biologically active recombinant hla.
blood samples were taken in the fasted state and for @number@ h post-ogtt.
further studies are needed to determine if accumulated and continuous exercise have different chronic effects on insulin sensitivity.
conclusion : health-related qol in older women with urinary incontinence was relatively low , while levels of stress and depression were high.
therefore , in order to improve qol and mental health in older women , the understanding and management of urinary incontinence interventions is required.
rationale : chronic lung diseases are associated with cardiovascular disease.
how these associations evolve from young adulthood forward is unknown.
understanding the preclinical history of these associations could inform prevention strategies for common heart-lung conditions.
objectives : to use the coronary artery risk development in young adults ( cardia ) study to explore the development of heart-lung interactions.
decline in fvc was associated with diastolic dysfunction ( odds ratio , @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.37-8.36 ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : patterns of loss of lung health are associated with specific cardiovascular phenotypes in middle age.
decline in fev1 / fvc ratio is associated with underfilling of the left heart and low cardiac output.
decline in fvc with preserved fev1 / fvc ratio is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction.
cardiopulmonary interactions apparent with common complex heart and lung diseases evolve concurrently from early adulthood forward.
objective : studies indicate a limited understanding of dementia and its associated symptoms , causes and consequences among south asian older adults.
as a consequence , fewer people from this ethnic group receive a diagnosis of dementia.
the emergent themes and perceptions were then added to the bemi-c through synthesis of findings.
all new themes emerged from the qualitative interviews , some of which were also found in the literature.
lysosomal-β-galactosidase ( glb1 ) hydrolyzes β-galactose from glycoconjugates and is the origin of senescence-associated β-gal activity ( sa-β-gal ) .
using a new glb1 antibody , senescence biology was investigated in prostate cancer ( pca ) tissues.
results : glb1 expression accumulates in replicative and induced senescence and correlates with senescent morphology and p16 ( cdkn2 ) expression.
increased glb1 stratifies better psa-free survival in intermediate grade pca ( @number@ ) .
tissues that elaborate higher glb1 display increased uniformity of expression.
conclusion : increased glb1 is a valuable marker in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ( ffpe ) tissues for the senescence-like phenotype and associates with improved cancer outcomes.
this protein addresses a lack of senescence markers and should be applicable to study the biologic role of senescence in other cancers.
counterintuitively , faster increases in human life expectancy could lead to slower population aging.
using this alternative interpretation , we show that faster increases in life expectancy would lead to slower population aging.
among other things , this finding affects the assessment of the speed at which countries will age.
physiological dysregulation may underlie aging and many chronic diseases , but is challenging to quantify because of the complexity of the underlying systems.
however , the sensitivity of dm to details of the calculation method has not yet been systematically assessed.
here , we address this question by validating the method on @number@ common clinical biomarkers from three longitudinal cohort studies and one cross-sectional survey.
we found age-related increases in the structural connectivity between the pfc and posterior brain regions.
such findings were partially mediated by age-related increases in the structural connectivity of the occipital lobe within the posterior brain.
objective : to determine dose-dependent effects of t administration on voice changes in women with low t levels.
total and free t levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis , respectively.
voice handicap was measured by self-report using a validated voice handicap index questionnaire at baseline and @number@ weeks after intervention.
functional voice testing was performed using the kay elemetrics-computer speech lab to determine voice frequency , volume , and harmonics.
results : forty-six women with evaluable voice data at baseline and after intervention were included in the analysis.
the five groups were similar at baseline.
no significant dose- or concentration-dependent changes in self-reported voice handicap index scores were observed.
these changes were seen despite the lack of self-reported changes in voice.
dermal and epidermal structures in human skin change during intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
we aimed to identify further parameters for the noninvasive measurement of skin aging of sun-exposed and sun-protected areas utilizing oct.
based on a literature review , seven parameters were inductively developed.
three independent raters assessed these parameters using four-point scales on images of female subjects of two age groups.
all items could be detected and quantified in our sample.
interrater agreement ranged between @percent@ and @percent@.
the purpose was to review the translucency of human teeth and related dental materials that should be considered for the development of esthetic restorative materials.
translucency is the relative amount of light transmission or diffuse reflection from a substrate surface through a turbid medium.
translucency influences the masking ability , color blending effect , and the degree of light curing through these materials.
regarding the translucency indices , transmission coefficient , translucency parameter , and contrast ratio have been used , and correlations among these indices were confirmed.
translucency of human enamel and dentine increases in direct proportion to the wavelength of incident light in the visible light range.
as for the translucency changes by aging , limited differences were reported in human dentine , while those for enamel proved to increase.
based on the translucency properties of human enamel and dentine , those of replacing restorative materials should be optimized for successful esthetic rehabilitation.
biomimetic simulation of the natural tooth microstructure might be a promising method.
gradual loss of tissue function ( or homeostasis ) is a natural process of aging and is believed to cause many age-associated diseases.
in human epidemiology studies , the low-grade and chronic systemic inflammation in elderly has been correlated with the development of aging related pathologies.
although it is suspected that tissue decline is related to systemic inflammation , the cause and consequence of these aging phenomena are poorly understood.
here we discuss the implications and remaining questions in light of our published findings and new observations.
the great recession has brought along a rearrangement of living patterns both in the u.s. and in europe.
this study seeks to identify the consequences of a change in intergenerational coresidence on the depression level of the elderly.
in contrast with previous literature , the present program evaluation setup accounts for non-random selection bias and heterogeneous treatment effects.
minimally invasive procedures are more acceptable in this population , since they reduce surgical morbidity and the risk of complications.
the aim of this article is to describe the indication , method , and clinical results of pcd.
method : a total of @number@ patients were treated with pcd in a tertiary care referral center over a 6-year period.
results : a total of @number@ discs in these @number@ patients were treated with pcd.
at 6-month follow-up , @percent@ of patients had a minimum 10-point reduction in their odi scores ( p < @number@ ) .
in turn , baseline physical impairment was only marginally associated with rate of cognitive decline across various cognitive domains.
working memory is a complex psychological construct referring to the temporary storage and active processing of information.
decreases in local efficiency during the working memory task were associated with better working memory performance in both age cohorts.
individual differences in local and global efficiency during resting-state sessions were not significant predictors of working memory performance.
these results are discussed in relation to recently developed models of age-related differences in working memory.
background : this study aimed to estimate coverage and identify factors associated to vaccination against influenza in the elderly population.
methods : the study design was cross-sectional and population based.
data was collected in @number@ by the health , well-being and aging study.
sample consisted of @number@ community-dwelling elderly , in são paulo , brazil.
association between vaccination and covariates was evaluated by means of prevalence ratios estimated by poisson regression models.
results : self-reported vaccination coverage was @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval : @number@.3-76.9 ) .
these covariates had already been reported to influence influenza vaccination of elders in previous years.
conclusion : previous knowledge already available on the main constraints to influenza vaccination has not allowed to remove them.
influenza campaigns should be strengthened to increase vaccination coverage , especially in the group more reticent to vaccination.
instructing healthcare providers to recommend vaccine uptake is an important piece of this puzzle.
participants learned to produce a coordination with a 90° relative phase relation between the dots.
learning rates for participants over @number@ were half those of younger participants.
the current work addressed this question.
one group trained with only haptic information and the other group with both haptic and visual information about relative phase.
both groups were tested in both information conditions at baseline and post-test.
objective : people aging with hiv might have different health conditions compared with people who seroconverted at older ages.
we compared estimates across both groups to a matched community-based cohort sampled from the general population.
patients were matched in a 1 : 3 ratio with controls from the cineca arno database.
mm was defined as the concurrent presence of > 2 nicm.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ were women.
this difference turned to be significant in patients above the age of @number@ years old ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : people aging with hiv display heterogeneous health conditions.
host factors and duration of hiv infection are associated with increased risk of mm compared to the general population.
circulatory levels of insulin-like growth factor ( igf-1 ) , glucose , and cortisol have been previously associated with facial aging.
however , as these serum measures are related , it is unclear whether their associations with skin aging occur independently from each other.
results remained similar when the serum measures were statistically adjusted for each other.
thus , the previously reported serum measures associate independently from each other with skin aging.
igf-1 is predominantly associated with perceived age by skin wrinkling , whereas cortisol and glucose also by other skin aging features.
background : there is consensus that dementia is the most burdensome disease for modern societies.
out of this , the cost borne by the public sector was €4 , 534 / yr.
out-of-pocket expenditure predominantly concerned the cost of private care workers.
the value of informal care peaked at €13 , 590 / yr.
socioeconomic factors do not influence ad public cost , but do affect the level of out-of-pocket expenditure.
conclusion : the burden of ad reflects the structure of italian welfare.
the families predominantly manage ad patients.
the public expenditure is mostly for drugs and cash-for-care benefits.
from a state perspective in the short term , the advantage of these care arrangements is clear , compared to the cost of residential care.
the study has been registered on the website www.clinicaltrials.org ( trial registration number : nct01700556 ) .
light microscope field co-ordinates enabled retm mapping and statistical testing relative to i ) sex , ii ) tissue sector and iii ) slicing plane.
in men retm populations were small and random while in women they were large and sector-specific.
comparative experimentation by marrow elution of an op animal model demonstrated \ "floating segments \ " as a possible outcome.
background : ( hhh ) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle.
hhh has a panethnic distribution , with a major prevalence in canada , italy and japan.
acute clinical signs include intermittent episodes of vomiting , confusion or coma and hepatitis-like attacks.
the diagnosis relies on clinical signs and the peculiar metabolic triad of hyperammonemia , hyperornithinemia , and urinary excretion of homocitrulline.
hhh syndrome enters in the differential diagnosis with other inherited or acquired conditions presenting with hyperammonemia.
methods : a systematic review of publications reporting patients with hhh syndrome was performed.
two common mutations , f188del and r179 account respectively for about @percent@ and @percent@ of patients with the hhh syndrome.
acute and chronic management consists in the control of hyperammonemia with protein-restricted diet supplemented with citrulline / arginine and ammonia scavengers.
prognosis of hhh syndrome is variable , ranging from a severe course with disabling manifestations to milder variants compatible with an almost normal life.
conclusions : this paper provides detailed information on the clinical , metabolic and genetic profiles of all hhh syndrome patients published to date.
the clinical phenotype is extremely variable and its severity does not correlate with the genotype or with recorded ammonium / ornithine plasma levels.
results : we observed that increasing age was associated with higher vd grades ( p < @number@ ) .
presence of cisterns correlated with higher vd grades ( p < @number@ ) .
all eyes with absence of pvf were found to have established cisterns.
purpose : to examine the effects of age and increased air velocity , during exercise in humid heat , on information processing and attention.
psychological sweating , or an increased sweat rate with the administration of the pasat , was observed in both age groups in the high condition.
world's aging population is rising and the elderly are increasingly isolated socially and geographically.
as a consequence , in many situations , they need assistance that is not granted in time.
to obtain these patterns , many variables are aggregated to ensure the alert system reliability and minimize eventual false positive alert situations.
this pattern recognition will further activate the adequate response.
the presented work is a proof of concept of knowledge extraction using the eservices platform information.
regardless of not using real data , this work proves to be an asset , achieving a good performance in preventing alert situations.
method : a total of @number@ young and @number@ older participants were included in the extension analysis.
participants performed task-switching as the activation task and were cued by the color of the stimulus for the task to be performed in each block.
to test for replication , two approaches were implemented.
results : both approaches showed successful replication in the new data set.
following an initial 6-week interval , all men were treated with 3-month injections of parenteral testosterone undecanoate for up to @number@ years.
results : over the @number@ years , there was a progressive decrease of body weight and waist circumference.
beneficial effects on lipids and other metabolic factors and on psychological and sexual functioning progressed over the first @number@ to @number@ months and were sustained.
rather than a deterioration , there was an improvement of urinary parameters.
prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen increased moderately.
hematocrit levels increased but remained within safe margins.
there were no indications that side effects were more severe in elderly men.
the effects on prostate and urinary function and hematocrit were within safe margins.
age itself need not be a contraindication to testosterone treatment of elderly men with loh.
lower urinary tract dysfunction-such as urinary incontinence ( ui ) , detrusor overactivity , and benign prostatic hyperplasia-is prevalent in elderly persons.
these conditions can interfere with daily life and normal functioning and lead to negative effects on health-related quality of life.
ui is one of the most common urologic conditions but is poorly understood elderly persons.
the overall prevalence of ui increases with age in both men and women.
elderly persons often neglect ui or dismiss it as part of the normal aging process.
however , ui can have significant negative effects on self-esteem and has been associated with increased rates of depression.
ui also affects quality of life and activities of daily living.
although ui is more common in elderly than in younger persons , it should not be considered a normal part of aging.
ui is abnormal at any age.
lambl's excrescences are mobile , thin , filiform structures that occur at sites of valve closure.
as a thin filamentous structure , a lambl's excrescence is better detected and characterized with transesophageal than with transthoracic echocardiography.
intracardiac oscillatory structures can also be seen as \ "tiger stripes \ " on spectral pulsed doppler echocardiographic recordings.
we discuss the possible correlation between these @number@ findings and review the available literature on lambl's excrescences and tiger stripes.
meta-analyses were conducted using stata @number@ software.
crude odds ratios ( ors ) and their corresponding @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) were calculated.
results : six independent case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis.
background : recent meta-analyses show strong evidence of associations among genetic variants in chrna5 on chromosome 15q25 , smoking quantity , and lung cancer.
this meta-analysis tests whether the chrna5 variant rs16969968 predicts age of smoking cessation and age of lung cancer diagnosis.
heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the cochran q test.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
conclusion : these data support the clinical significance of the chrna5 variant rs16969968.
it predicts delayed smoking cessation and an earlier age of lung cancer diagnosis in this meta-analysis.
methods : longitudinal data of smokers from two survey waves of the international tobacco control ( itc ) europe surveys were used.
in france and the uk , pictorial warning labels were implemented on the back of cigarette packages between the two survey waves.
in germany and the netherlands , the text warning labels did not change.
warning salience and cognitive responses decreased in germany and the netherlands , forgoing did not change in these countries and avoidance increased in germany.
in general , these changes in warning label responses did not differ by education.
the labels did not increase educational inequalities among continuing smokers.
with an open jaw posture , speed quotient decreased for females and open quotient increased for females but decreased for males.
community wayfinding becomes more challenging with age and decrements in functioning.
data collection included an interview , map-drawing task , and walk along a previously audited , prescribed route to identify key wayfinding strategies.
most participants sought information from other people as a primary method of route planning.
street signs and landmarks were overwhelming favorites as helpful wayfinding features.
when asked to recall the route following the walk , only half of participants gave completely correct directions.
findings reinforce the importance of landmarks and legible , systematic , and consistently available signage , as well as trustworthy person-to-person information sources.
findings also underscore the need for wayfinding research in diverse environments.
background : falls are a ' geriatric giant ' and are the third leading cause of chronic disability worldwide.
as the proportion of older adults increases , falls will place an increasing demand and cost on the health care system.
exercise can effectively and efficiently reduce falls.
specifically , the otago exercise program has demonstrated benefit and cost-effectiveness for the primary prevention of falls in four randomized trials of community-dwelling seniors.
participants randomized to the control group will continue to behave as they did prior to study enrolment.
the economic evaluation will examine the incremental costs and benefits generated by using the otago exercise program intervention versus the control.
discussion : the burden of falls is significant.
our innovation includes applying the intervention to a targeted high-risk population , aiming to provide the best value for money.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov protocol registration system : nct01029171 ; registered @date@ .
patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment.
thalamic connectivity defined regions ( cdrs ) were segmented based on their cortical connectivity using diffusion tractography-based parcellation.
between-group differences of cdrs and cortico-thalamic tracts dt mri indices were assessed.
a vertex analysis of thalamic shape was also performed.
a random forest analysis was run to identify the best imaging predictor of global cognitive impairment and deficits of specific cognitive domains.
twenty-two ( @percent@ ) ms patients were cognitively impaired ( ci ) .
they also experienced more pronounced atrophy in anterior thalamic regions and abnormal dt mri indices of all cortico-thalamic tracts.
damage of specific cortico-thalamic tracts explained global cognitive dysfunction and impairment of selected cognitive domains better than all other mri variables.
thalamic cdr dt mri abnormalities were correlated with abnormalities of the corresponding cortico-thalamic tracts.
results : no difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies was found between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ) .
however , c-allele and c-genotype ( tc and cc ) were significantly more frequent in the females of non-lg than were lg after sex stratification.
as the global population ages , older decision makers will be required to take greater responsibility for their own physical , psychological and financial well-being.
with this in mind , researchers have begun to examine the effects of ageing on decision making and associated neural circuits.
a new ' ' ( aim ) framework may help to clarify how affective and motivational circuits support decision making.
recent research has shed light on whether and how ageing influences these circuits , providing an interdisciplinary account of how ageing can alter decision making.
in this study , we aimed at determining the association between dietary patterns or consumption of specific foods and ltl in korean adults.
subject / methods : a total of @number@ middle-aged and older korean adults from a population-based cohort were included in the study.
dietary data were collected from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline ( @date@ to @date@ ) .
ltl was assessed using real-time pcr during the 10-year follow-up period ( @date@ to @date@ ) .
results : we identified two major factors and generated factor scores using factor analysis.
background : knee osteoarthritis is a major cause of disability in the aging population.
traditional chinese medicine approaches have been employed for thousands of years to relieve knee osteoarthritis pain.
the purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of jingui external lotion for the management of painful knee osteoarthritis in a short-term study.
methods / design : this trial is a randomized , controlled study.
in both groups , lotion fumigation and external washing of the patients ' knees will be administered twice a day for @number@ consecutive days.
in addition , micro-perfusion alteration in the patellar fat pad , femur and tibia subchondral bone will be assessed via dynamic contrast-enhanced mri.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : chictr-trc-14004727 ; @date@ .
background : immune function may influence the ability of older adults to maintain or improve muscle mass , strength , and function during aging.
thus , nutritional supplementation that supports the immune system could complement resistance exercise as an intervention for age-associated muscle loss.
analyses of the results for these objectives will determine the relationship between immune function and the training outcomes.
discussion : exercise has known effects on immune function.
however , the study will attempt to modulate immune function using a nutritional supplement and determine the effects on training outcomes.
the study will also examine post-training benefit retention , an important issue for older adults , usually omitted from exercise studies.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct02261961 , registration date @date@ , recruitment active.
background : the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) is widely used in schizophrenia , although normative data are lacking in this population.
this review and meta-regression analysis studies the effect of aging on mmse scores in schizophrenic patients.
methods : we entered the search terms schizophrenia and mmse in pubmed and psychinfo.
bibliographies of pertinent articles were also examined.
we included every study presenting the mmse scores in schizophrenic patients along with a corresponding mean age.
results : we identified @number@ articles ( n = @number@ ) published between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : subgroup analyses show different trajectories between institutionalized and outpatients with schizophrenia.
studies documenting the role of these variables would be useful.
background : as people live longer , their risk of disability increases.
disability affects quality of life and increases health and social care costs.
preventing or delaying disability is therefore an important objective , and identifying an effective intervention could improve the lives of many older people.
observational and interventional evidence suggests that physical activity may reduce the risk of age-related disability , as assessed by physical performance measures.
however it is unclear what approach is the most cost-effective intervention in changing long-term physical activity behaviour in older adults.
this pilot study tests the feasibility and acceptability of delivering this intervention to older adults.
methods / design : a randomised controlled trial ( rct ) design will be used in the pilot study.
sixty patients aged @number@ years and older will be recruited from primary care practices.
those randomised to the intervention arm will receive sessions with a trained physical activity facilitator , delivering an intervention based on self-determination theory.
control participants receive a booklet on healthy ageing.
the main outcomes of interest are recruitment , adherence , retention and acceptability.
a mixed-methods process evaluation will run alongside the rct.
discussion : the intervention , if effective , has the potential to reduce disability and improve quality of life in older adults.
trial registration : current controlled trials isrctn80470273 .
registered @date@ .
objectives : performance of methods used for molecular diagnostics must be closely controlled by regular analysis of internal quality controls.
however , conditioning , shipping and long lasting storage of nucleic acid controls remain problematic.
design & methods : dna samples were extracted from @number@ cell lines selected for giving specific amplifications with most biomed-2 pcr tubes.
rna samples were extracted from @number@ cell line mixtures expressing various bcr-abl1 transcript levels.
dna and rna were encapsulated by imagene and shipped at room temperature to participating laboratories.
biologists were asked to report quality data of recovered nucleic acids as well as pcr results.
results : encapsulated nucleic acids samples were easily and efficiently recovered from minicapsules.
the expected rearrangements at immunoglobulin , t-cell receptor and bcl2 loci were detected in dna samples by all laboratories.
quality of rna was consistent between laboratories and met the criteria requested for quantification of bcr-abl1 transcripts.
expression levels measured by the @number@ laboratories were within ±2 fold interval from the corresponding pre-encapsulation reference value.
moreover aging studies of encapsulated rna simulating up to @number@ years storage at room temperature show no bias in quantitative outcome.
this study aimed to investigate the safety of zolpidem administration in extremely old elderly.
results : the elderly and female patients were prescribed significantly lower doses of zolpidem than their counterparts.
adverse symptoms after the last prescription were reported by @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects.
the most common symptoms were impaired balance and / or falls ( @percent@ ) and morning drowsiness ( @percent@ ) .
for a century , nephrosclerosis was ascribed to nonmalignant hypertension and aging.
however , it was intuitively perceived that hypertension may follow rather than explain this nephrovasculopathy.
hypertensive nephrosclerosis was long considered a major cause of end-stage renal failure ( esrd ) .
this is especially true in blacks of african descent but not in other ethnic populations.
the term ' nephrosclerosis ' is still an easy way out to classify a patient with renal insufficiency.
metabolic derangements , such as obesity , oxidative stress , dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis may be considered confounding factors with regard to nephrosclerosis.
histomorphometric studies led to sorting out the lesions due to aging from those stemming from hypertension.
it appears that the control of hypertension is not credited with the expected benefit for slowing the decline of renal function.
background : traditionally , @number@ years ago , children born preterm often routinely received morphine , especially during mechanical ventilation.
objectives : we studied possible effects of prematurity , procedural pain and opioids in humans @number@ years later.
we hypothesized that these factors would negatively influence neurobiological , neuropsychological and sensory development later in life.
results : significant correlations ( coefficients @number@.60-0.85 ) of gestational age , number of painful procedures and morphine exposure with brain volumes were observed.
significant correlations between these factors and thermal sensitivity were not established.
neuropsychological outcome was significantly moderately correlated with morphine exposure in only two subtests , and children performed in general ' average ' by dutch norms.
future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
there is increasing evidence that bone and vascular calcification share common pathogenesis.
little is known about potential links between bone and valvular calcification.
the purpose of this study was to determine the association between spine bone mineral density ( bmd ) and vascular and valvular calcification.
participants included @number@ participants ( @number@ women , @number@ men ) in the framingham offspring study ( mean age @number@ years ) .
we observed no association between trabecular vbmd and avc or mvc in women or men.
finally , cortical vbmd was unrelated to vascular calcification and valvular calcification in women and men.
women and men with low spine vbmd have greater severity of vascular calcification , particularly at the abdominal aorta.
the purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of selected neuromuscular and biomechanical variables associated with balance recovery to the mrlm.
forward loss of balance was induced by releasing participants ( n = 117 community-dwelling older adults ) from a static forward lean angle.
participants were instructed to attempt to recover balance by taking a single step.
a scalable anatomical model consisting of @number@ degrees-of-freedom was used to compute kinematics and joint moments from motion capture and force plate data.
isometric muscle strength at the ankle , knee and hip joints was assessed using a dynamometer.
training programmes that specifically target these measures may be effective in improving balance recovery performance and thereby contribute to fall prevention amongst older adults.
elderly people usually have multiple chronic diseases concurrently.
however , studies of multimorbidity patterns over long time periods are scarce.
the data used in this study were from a nation-representative panel survey conducted in taiwan from @number@ to @number@
the multiple group-based trajectories analysis approach was applied to identify the trajectory groups.
related factors included age , level of education , physical functioning , depressive symptoms , and undergoing health examinations.
the multimorbidity trajectories affected later physical functioning , depressive symptoms , cognitive function , and life satisfaction.
multiple trajectories of multimorbidity show the patterns of health burden and risks to successful aging among the elderly over time.
period life expectancies are commonly used to compare populations , but these correspond to simple juxtapositions of current mortality levels.
this result is illustrated by a comparison of tcals for the us with those for denmark , japan , and other high-longevity countries.
specific cohorts that account for most of the disparity in mortality between the populations are identified.
objective : the study aim was to determine natural variability in somatosensation across age groups using brief measures.
method : participants included community-dwelling children and adults ( n = 367 , ages 3-85 yr ) across seven sites.
we tested haptic recognition , touch detection-discrimination , and proprioception using brief affordable measures as required by the nih toolbox.
results : accuracy improved from young children to young adults ; from young to older adults , the pattern reversed slightly.
we found significant differences between adults and older adults.
one proprioception test ( kinesthesia ; p = .003 ) showed gender differences ( females more accurate ) .
we provide expected score ranges for age groups as a basis for understanding age-related expectations for somatosensory perception.
conclusion : the age-related patterns of somatosensory perception from this study refine decision making about performance.
the term ' oral microbial homeostasis ' is used to describe the capacity of the oral ecosystem to maintain microbial community stability in health.
in this paper the allostasis principle is applied to the oral ecosystem.
the multidimensionality of the host factors contributing to allostasis in the oral cavity is illustrated with an example on changes occurring in puberty.
prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) favors multiple aspects of tumor development and immune evasion.
therefore , microsomal prostaglandin e synthase ( mpges-1 / -2 ) , is a potential target for cancer therapy.
we explored whether inhibiting mpges-1 in human and mouse models of breast cancer affects tumor-associated immunity.
a new model of breast tumor spheroid killing by human pbmcs was developed.
in this model , tumor killing required cd80 expression by tumor-associated phagocytes to trigger cytotoxic t cell activation.
genetic ablation of mpges-1 resulted in markedly reduced tumor growth in pymt mice.
macrophages of mpges-1 ( - / - ) pymt mice indeed expressed elevated levels of cd80 compared to their wildtype counterparts.
cd80 expression in tumor-spheroid infiltrating mpges-1 ( - / - ) macrophages translated into antigen-specific cytotoxic t cell activation.
in conclusion , mpges-1 inhibition elevates cd80 expression by tumor-associated phagocytes to restrict tumor growth.
we propose that mpges-1 inhibition in combination with immune cell activation might be part of a therapeutic strategy to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
phytochemicals are structurally diverse secondary metabolites synthesized by plants and also by non-pathogenic endophytic microorganisms living within plants.
in addition , many phytochemicals can extend longevity in heterotrophic organisms across phyla via evolutionarily conserved mechanisms.
in this review , we discuss such mechanisms.
we outline how structurally diverse phytochemicals modulate a complex network of signaling pathways that orchestrate a distinct set of longevity-defining cellular processes.
we outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in this vibrant and rapidly evolving field.
objective : it is not fully understood how subjective feelings of psychological distress prognosticate dementia.
our aim was to investigate the association between self-reported psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality.
they were followed for a period of @number@ years ( mean @number@ years ) .
the conor mental health index , a seven-item self-report scale was used.
a cut-off score equal to or above @number@ on the scale denoted psychological distress.
cox regression was used to assess the association between psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality.
results : total number of registered deaths was @number@ and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as cases of dementia-related mortality.
we found that @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) had psychological distress , of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had concomitant dementia-related mortality.
conclusion : our results indicate that psychological distress in elderly individuals is associated with increased risk of dementia-related mortality.
the potential of chitosan , chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives in prevention and treatment of age-related dysfunctions is reviewed and discussed in this paper.
the chitosan-based functional food also has been reviewed.
this qualitative study explores old age psychiatrists ' experience of and approach to working with patients at the eol.
method : australian old age psychiatrists were purposively sampled and interviewed in-depth.
data saturation was achieved after nine participant interviews.
verbatim transcripts were analysed for themes , which were independently verified.
results : two dichotomous overarching themes were identified.
conclusion : participants reported conflict because of the contradictory domains in which they work.
they were comfortable working with patients at the eol when death was expected , particularly in dementia.
this study has implications for models of care underpinning old age psychiatry.
an integrated person-centred model of care may provide a contextually appropriate approach for practice.
sociality permeates each of the fundamental motives of human existence and plays a critical role in evolutionary fitness across the lifespan.
gaps in this research are summarized with suggestions for future research.
methods : this was a prospective cohort study including @number@ @number@ admissions of patients with cancer from @number@ eortc centers.
incidence , clinical characteristics , and outcome of fungemia were analyzed.
favorable overall response was achieved in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients by week @number@
after @number@ weeks , the survival rate was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci , 59%-70% ) and was not significantly different between candida spp.
conclusions : fungemia , mostly due to candida spp. , was rare in cancer patients from eortc centers but was associated with substantial mortality.
antifungal prophylaxis and remission of cancer predicted better survival.
methods : cross-sectional clinical and us investigation of both knee joints during the @number@ follow-up of the prospective population-based bruneck study.
demographic variables , physical activity , comorbidities , medications , pain , and functional scales related to the knee joints were recorded.
us-assessed parameters were synovial hypertrophy , power doppler signal , joint effusion , cartilage abnormalities , osteophytes , enthesopathy and bursitis.
statistics included univariate and multivariate regression analysis.
both inflammatory and structural abnormalities were found in @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects.
inflammatory abnormalities were significantly associated with age in years , male gender , diabetes and the presence of knee joint symptoms.
conclusion : the present study showed a high prevalence of us inflammatory abnormalities in the knee joints of a normal aged population.
these data suggest a substantial contribution of inflammation in progressive impairment of joint function with age.
inflammatory bowel disease among the elderly is common , with growing incident and prevalence rates.
diagnosis may be difficult in older individuals , as multiple other common diseases can mimic ibd in this population.
the clinical manifestations in older-onset ibd are distinct , and patients tend to have less of a disease trajectory.
despite multiple effective medical and surgical treatment strategies for adults with crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis , efficacy studies typically have excluded older subjects.
zone of origin may have prognostic value or reflect distinct molecular subtypes ; however , it can be difficult to determine in practice.
our signature distinguished these two groups , with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
zone of origin may be important to consider in prostate tumor biomarker research.
human genetics is a powerful tool for discovering causal mediators of human disease and physiology.
genetic loci with multiple trait associations have also provided novel biological insights.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' si : cv aging'.
\ "inside every old person is a young person wondering what happened. \ "
so , what is aging ?
the cv cells generate an inflammatory defense in an attempt to limit the molecular disorder.
this age-associated molecular disorder-induced inflammation that accrues in the heart and arteries does not , itself , cause clinical signs or symptoms of cvd.
clinical signs and symptoms of these cvds begin to emerge , however , when the age-associated inflammation in the heart and arteries exceeds a threshold.
there is an urgency to incorporate the concept of cardiovascular aging as a disease into clinical medicine.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
objective : the objective of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ankle-brachial index ( abi ) and indicators of cognitive function.
design : randomized clinical trial ( lifestyle interventions and independence for elders trial ) .
setting : eight us academic centers.
participants : a total of @number@ adults ages 70-89 years , sedentary , without dementia , and with functional limitations.
measurements : baseline abi and interviewer- and computer-administered cognitive function assessments were obtained.
these assessments were used to compare a physical activity intervention with a health education control.
results : lower abi had a modest independent association with poorer cognitive functioning at baseline ( partial r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
across @number@ years , changes in abi were not associated with changes in cognitive function.
purpose : regular physical exercise is recommended for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
the aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness between older hypertensive and healthy females.
in the training groups , the subjects engaged in @number@ min of training twice a week for @number@ weeks.
each training program included recreational activities , six to eight resistance exercises for circuit training and chair-based exercise for the lower extremities.
conclusions : these data indicate that exercise training produces fewer improvements in arterial stiffness in older hypertensive females than in older healthy females.
replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from @number@ independent cohorts.
the variant is associated with expression of cadm2 in the cingulate cortex ( p-value = 4 × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
our findings suggest that genetic variation in the cadm2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
depression and cognitive impairment are both common disorders in elderly people and frequently occur together.
due to the presence of a common set of behavioral and cognitive symptoms , differential diagnosis may become arduous.
neuroimaging may offer a good tool during diagnosis.
we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis to compare gray matter changes in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and late-life depression ( lld ) .
ad and lld led to brain atrophy in networks only partially overlapping.
present results shed some light on neural underpinnings of ad and lld and provide new useful evidence for differential diagnosis.
degradation of the adhesive interface contributes to the failure of resin composite restorations.
the hydrophilicity of the dentin matrix during and after bonding procedures may result in an adhesive interface that is more prone to degradation over time.
the water-surface contact angle was assessed before and after chemical modification of the dentin matrix.
er of the adhesive , hybrid layer and underlying dentin was evaluated after 24h and @number@ months in artificial saliva.
the dentin hydrophilicity significantly decreased after application of the priming solutions.
aging significantly decreased er in the hybrid layer and underlying dentin of control groups.
er of ga groups remained stable over time at the hybrid layer and underlying dentin.
significant higher er was observed for pacs and edc / nhs groups at the hybrid layer after 24h.
the decreased hydrophilicity of the modified dentin matrix likely influence the immediate mechanical properties of the hybrid layer.
dentin biomodification prevented substantial aging at the hybrid layer and underlying dentin after @number@ months storage.
background / objectives : telomere shortening has an important role in cellular aging.
however , the impact of high sodium intake , an important risk factor of age-related diseases , on telomere shortening remains unknown.
dietary sodium intake was assessed by seven independent 24-h dietary recalls.
however , there was a significant interaction between sodium intake and obesity status ( p = 0.049 ) .
conclusions : higher dietary sodium intake is associated with shorter telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents.
a lower level of social engagement was also associated with a greater cognitive decline.
therefore , residents with dsi might cognitively benefit from interventions to improve involvement in social life at nursing homes.
background : @number@ lung transplantations were performed in germany in @number@
the main goals of lung transplantation are to prolong survival and improve the quality of life.
both of these goals can be reflected in a return to employment.
we report the first study of employment after lung transplantation in germany.
results : @percent@ of the patients were employed after lung transplantation.
the fiveyear follow-up data showed no difference in the overall survival rate of employed and unemployed patients.
conclusion : the rate of return to work after lung transplantation in germany is similar to the rates observed in other countries.
the findings of this study imply that employment improves the quality of life and does not endanger health.
thus , patients who have received lung transplants should be advised to return to work if possible.
given its importance in memory and dementia , the ability to selectively modulate gene expression or neuronal function in the ec is of widespread interest.
although the utility of this driver is contingent on its spatial specificity , no detailed neuroanatomical analysis of its expression has yet been conducted.
skeletal muscle has an outstanding regenerative capacity that relies on its resident stem cells ( satellite cells ) .
this capacity declines with aging , and recent discoveries have redefined our view of why this occurs.
implications for social work practice include exploring perceptions of family members regarding patterns and using the concept of ambivalence to normalize sibling relationships.
due to the unprecedented increase in the united states aging demographics , many more people are living longer and reaching older ages than ever before.
though still limited , the options to actively participate in their own deaths are growing.
reflective considerations are presented to guide practice vis-à-vis the changing landscape surrounding options in dying.
type @number@ diabetes is closely associated with our daily diets and has become a global health problem with an increasing number of patients.
however , rapid action of dietary vitamin d3 on the postprandial glucose profile has not been analyzed.
interestingly , there was also a significant increase in plasma glp-1 in these aged mice.
our results suggest that orally ingested dietary vitamin d3 in aged mice improves glucose metabolism as a glp-1 enhancer.
even lay persons know that a sedentary lifestyle is unhealthy.
still , the majority of people do not comply with current recommendations for physical activity.
the simple fact that prolonged sitting is associated with a shorter life span must be repeatedly discussed with our patients.
also pursued was the association with interstitial lung abnormalities.
materials and methods : we assessed @number@ participants in the fhs for paraseptal emphysema on chest ct.
the association between paraseptal emphysema and interstitial lung abnormalities was investigated.
the upper zone of the lungs was almost always involved.
there was a significant association between pure paraseptal emphysema and interstitial lung abnormalities ( p < 0.001 ) .
cigarette smoking , aging , and male gender were the factors associated with the presence of paraseptal emphysema.
significant association between paraseptal emphysema and interstitial lung abnormalities was observed.
unlabelled : major age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in australia and worldwide.
this study aimed to characterise differences in the resting platelet proteome and the platelet releasate of healthy children compared to healthy adults.
this study represents the setup of a procedure for the proteomic analysis of platelets from children.
differentially expressed platelet proteins were identified using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.
significant differences in the expression of nine proteins ( @percent@ ) in the resting platelet proteome were observed in children compared to adults.
identified proteins are involved in processes including tissue and organ development , cell proliferation regulation and angiogenesis.
our results provide novel insights into platelet physiology as well as growth , development and ageing in healthy individuals.
as the aged population continues to increase dramatically , so too will the financial strains associated with the long term care of the elderly population.
compared to adults , children have a significantly lower incidence of major diseases such as thromboembolic disease.
this suggests that children have a protective mechanism against the development of disease.
a well-defined example of how protein expression can change with age is that of the plasma proteome.
significant differences in the expression of numerous plasma proteins between healthy children and adults have been recently demonstrated.
interestingly , a large number of differentially expressed proteins were found to be of platelet origin.
this finding forms the basis for the current study , presenting as strong evidence for the age-specific differences of the platelet proteome.
context : vismia cauliflora a.c.sm.
[ hypericaceae ( clusiaceae ) ] is an amazonian plant traditionally used by indigenous population to treat dermatosis and inflammatory processes of the skin.
previous research on v. cauliflora extracts suggests its potential to neutralize cellular oxidative damages related to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
additionally , the potential of these extracts to inhibit oxidative damage in human erythrocytes was evaluated by monitoring its biomarkers of oxidative stress.
however , the maximum percentage of inhibition achieved against hydrogen peroxide was @percent@.
furthermore , only stem bark extract ( @number@ µg / ml ) was able to inhibit the depletion of glutathione ( @percent@ ) .
however , the findings in the general adult population are unclear.
since the level of total 25 ( oh ) d2 is low , only a minority of subjects had detectable 3-epi-25 ( oh ) d2.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) and bone mineral density ( bmd ) are associated with health and mortality.
ltl was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
the women completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire.
there were no statistically significant associations between bmd and ltl ( both logarithmically transformed ) with or without age adjustments.
this positive association was no longer apparent after adjusting for age.
as expected , age was statistically significantly associated with both telomere length and bmi adjusted bmd.
objective : to reveal the morphological features of the aorta in its dissection in persons of different age groups.
material and methods : the operative material obtained after resection of the aorta for its dissection was examined.
the fragments of the wall of the ascending aorta were fixed in @percent@ formalin solution immediately following its resection.
examinations were made by light and electron microscopy using special stains.
the signs of physiological or premature aging were assessed by elastic skeleton changes.
there was a deficiency of collagen and its impaired maturation in all the study cases of vascular aging in the presence of aortic dissection.
conclusion : quantitative and qualitative changes in the smooth muscle cells were due to both patient age and concomitant hypertension.
in young patients , aortic dissection was more frequently caused by a genetically determined disorder in the elastic skeleton in obvious substitutive sclerosis.
fibroblasts are cells of mesenchymal origin.
they are responsible for the production of most extracellular matrix in connective tissues and are essential for wound healing and repair.
in recent years , it has become clear that fibroblasts from different tissues have various distinct traits.
moreover , wounds in the oral cavity heal under very special environmental conditions compared with skin wounds.
here , we reviewed the current literature on the various interconnected functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts during the repair of oral wounds.
the medline database was searched with the following terms : ( gingival or mucoperiosteal ) and fibroblast and ( wound healing or repair ) .
the data gathered were used to compare oral fibroblasts with fibroblasts from other tissues in terms of their regulation and function during wound healing.
the current state of research indicates that oral fibroblasts possess unique characteristics and tightly controlled specific functions in wound healing and repair.
this information is essential for developing new strategies to control the intraoral wound-healing processes of the individual patient.
the majority of the patients with type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) show remission after roux-en-y gastric bypass ( rygb ) .
this is the result of increased postoperative insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretion.
the aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of the preoperative β-cell function in t2dm for the chance of remission after rygb.
postoperative first phase insulin secretion rate ( isr ) during the ivgtt and β-cell glucose sensitivity during the ogtt increased in t2dm.
postoperative insulin sensitivity and the disposition index ( di ) markedly increased in both groups.
remission of type @number@ diabetes was @number@ and @percent@ in t2dmhigh and t2dmlow , respectively.
postoperative postprandial glp-1 concentrations increased markedly , but did not differ between the groups.
our findings emphasize the importance of the preoperative of β-cell function for remission of diabetes after rygb.
context : the longitudinal relationship between declining levels of reproductive hormones and cognitive function remains unclear in older men.
objectives : the objective of this study was to examine the temporal relationship between changes in major reproductive hormone levels and cognitive decline over time.
dementia was diagnosed at baseline by clinical assessment and review by a specialist panel.
cognitive function was measured at all three assessments by the mini mental state examination.
results : of the baseline reproductive hormones predicted cognitive decline in men without dementia over @number@ years.
however , the change in serum hormones over time was associated with cognitive decline.
in univariate analysis , change in all the studied hormones , except for e2 , was significantly associated with cognitive decline.
importance : measures of neuronal loss are likely good surrogates for clinical and radiological disease progression in alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
visinin-like protein @number@ ( vilip-1 ) has demonstrated potential usefulness as a marker of neuronal injury in ad.
design , setting , and participants : longitudinal observational study of brain atrophy in participants with early ad and cognitively normal controls.
study participants had baseline csf biomarker measurements and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging assessments for a mean follow-up period of @number@ to @number@ years.
mixed linear models assessed the ability of standardized baseline csf biomarker measures to predict rates of whole-brain and regional atrophy over the follow-up period.
the setting was the charles f. and joanne knight alzheimer's disease research center , washington university school of medicine in st louis.
the study dates were @number@ to @number@
objective : menopausal status may increase cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk.
nitric oxide plays a role in the protection against cvd onset and progression but has not been studied around the time of menopause.
we investigated associations between serum nitric-oxide metabolite ( nox ) concentrations and menopausal status.
design : comparative case-control cross-sectional study.
setting : tehran lipid and glucose study , university center.
sample : sub-groups from a cohort of @number@ women , of whom @number@ met enrollment criteria.
main outcome measure : serum nitric oxide concentrations.
conclusion : menopausal status , by itself and not as a consequence of aging , is associated with increased serum nitric oxide concentrations.
identification of variables associated with menopausal cardiovascular consequences may be used to improve women's health after menopause.
panax ginseng and ginsenosides have promising properties in preventing skin aging.
our previous study demonstrated that enzyme-modified ginseng extract ( eg ) has inhibitory effects against ultraviolet b ( uvb ) radiation-induced skin aging.
compared to the placebo , eg significantly reduced the global photo-damage score.
no participants reported adverse reactions to treatment.
in conclusion , eg sufficiently suppressed eye wrinkle formation by decreasing various roughness measures on the basis of assessment with non-invasive devices.
we propose a new algorithm for the voxelwise analysis of orientation distribution functions between one image and a group of reference images.
it relies on a generic framework for the comparison of diffusion probabilities on the sphere , sampled from the underlying models.
we demonstrate the predictive value of odf-based scores for the early detection of lesions that will appear or heal.
objective : to investigate whether lifestyle and lipid factors predict new cmbs in relation to their anatomic location.
main outcomes and measures : incident cmbs detected on mris , which were further categorized as exclusively lobar or as deep.
modification of these risk factors could have the potential to prevent new-onset cmbs , particularly those occurring in a lobar location.
age-related decline in executive functions can be decisive in performing everyday tasks autonomously.
working memory ( wm ) is closely related to executive functions , and training of wm has yielded evidence toward cognitive plasticity in older adults.
the training effects often transfer to untrained tasks and functions.
these effects have mostly been shown in processes such as wm and attention , whereas studies investigating transfer to executive functions have been scarce.
we trained older adults aged 57-73 years in a wm training task that was reported to be effective in producing transfer in young adults.
the training intervention consisted of a dual n-back task including independently processed auditory and visual n-back tasks.
we investigated transfer to tasks engaging executive functions , and compared the effects in older adults to those reported in young adults.
we found that both training groups improved in the training task.
recent investigations support that an anti-aging protein , namely klotho , protects neurons against the oxidative stress and demyelination.
klotho concentration and tac were significantly lower in patients as compared to controls.
klotho values showed a significant negative correlation with expanded disability status scale ( edss ) .
moreover , a significantly positive correlation between tac levels and klotho concentrations was detected.
klotho may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ms , at least in part , through the regulation of redox system.
objective : knowledge of smoking change processes may be enhanced by identifying pathways to stable abstinence.
we sought to identify latent classes of smokers based on their day-to-day smoking status in the first weeks of a cessation attempt.
we examined treatment effects on class membership and compared classes on baseline individual differences and 6-month abstinence rates.
treatment and covariate relations with latent class membership were examined.
distal outcome analysis compared confirmed 6-month abstinence rates among the latent classes.
results : a 5-class solution was selected.
three-quarters of smokers were in stable smoking or abstinent classes , but @percent@ were in classes with unstable abstinence probabilities over time.
active treatment ( compared to placebo ) , and particularly the patch and lozenge combination , promoted early quitting.
tracking behavior early in a change attempt may identify prognostic patterns of change and facilitate adaptive treatment planning.
the men with ms showed statistically significant higher zn and lower mg concentrations.
those with diabetes had higher ca concentration and lower mg concentration.
cr and mn concentrations were significantly higher in obese men.
the participants with hypertension had lower mg concentration.
tungsten may contribute to lipid disorders.
magnesium appears to play the protective role in the occurrence of metabolic disorders.
a micro-costing approach combined with an online expert survey was applied to simulate a decision-making scenario taking place in germany.
the treatment alternatives providing the most advantageous cost / outcome combinations were identified according to the net benefit criterion.
uncertainties regarding model input parameters were incorporated via simple and probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on monte carlo simulation.
sensitivity analysis revealed considerable decision uncertainty corresponding to limited evidence about different treatment alternatives for peri-implantitis treatment.
conclusions : derivation of robust treatment recommendations for peri-implantitis requires more comprehensive and patient-centred evidence on peri-implantitis treatments.
we previously showed that this decline in proliferation is driven in part by postnatal down-regulation of a large set of growth-promoting genes in multiple organs.
we hypothesized that this growth-limiting genetic program is orchestrated by micrornas ( mirnas ) .
bioinformatic analysis identified target sequences of the mir-29 family of mirnas to be overrepresented in age-down-regulated genes.
we next focused on @number@ predicted mir-29 target genes ( igf1 , imp1 , and mest ) , all of which are growth-promoting.
a @number@'-untranslated region containing the predicted target sequences from each gene was placed individually in a luciferase reporter construct.
esophageal cancer represents one of the most aggressive digestive tumors , with a survival rate at @number@ years of only @percent@.
globally , during the last three decades , there has been an increasing incidence of the esophageal cancer , approx.
@number@ new esophageal cancers being currently diagnosed annually.
this represents the eighth leading cause of cancer incidence and the sixth leading cause of cancer death overall.
if we refer to the western europe countries and north america , we notice an increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma rate versus squamous cancer.
as for the asian region , referring in particular to china and japan , @number@ out of @number@ esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
although falls are a serious health risk for community-dwelling older adults , their ascertainment has been complicated by issues such as recall and reporting biases.
we examined a novel method , individualized tailored calendars , to accurately ascertain falls in older adults.
tailored calendar journal pages were used to document falls daily and returned by mail monthly.
participants received a us $ 5 gift card incentive for each month returned.
participants returned @number@ of @number@ calendar months over the 12-month follow-up for @percent@ compliance rate.
there were @number@ falls reported.
tailored calendar journals and incentives may be effective in ascertaining falls among community-dwelling older adults.
this tool could improve the accuracy of outcome measures for occupational therapy interventions.
a universal method for reproducibly directing stem cell differentiation remains a major challenge for clinical applications involving cell-based therapies.
the standard approach for chondrogenic induction by micromass pellet culture is highly susceptible to interdonor variability.
a novel method for the fabrication of condensation-like engineered microtissues ( emts ) that utilizes hydrophilic polysaccharides to induce cell aggregation is reported here.
mscs from aged donors that fail to differentiate in pellet culture are successfully induced to synthesize cartilage-specific matrix in emts under identical media conditions.
furthermore , the emt polysaccharides support the loading and release of the chondroinduction factor transforming growth factor β3 ( tgf-β3 ) .
tgf-β-loaded emts ( emt ( + tgf ) ) facilitate cartilaginous tissue formation during culture in media not supplemented with the growth factor.
advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle ( skm ) mass and function.
given the worldwide aging demographics , this is a major contributor to morbidity , escalating socio-economic costs and ultimately mortality.
this therefore provides a controversial paradigm in which reduced regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue with age potentially promotes longevity of the organism.
this review explores the chronology of microneedling methodologies , which has led to the emergence of mn devices , now extensively used in cosmeceutical applications.
recent developments in therapeutic molecule and peptide delivery to the skin via mn platforms are addressed and some commercially available mn devices are described.
bone has evolved to provide structural support to organisms , and therefore its mechanical properties are vital physiologically.
like many mineralized tissues , bone can resist deformation and fracture from the nature of its hierarchical structure , which spans molecular to macroscopic length-scales.
in fact , bone derives its fracture resistance with a multitude of deformation and toughening mechanisms that are active at most of these dimensions.
telomere length , a highly heritable trait , is longer in offspring of older fathers.
introduction : as a part of aging , hip fractures are becoming more common.
the connection between increased pain and a poor outcome has previously been shown.
therefore , even in prehospital situations , analgesic therapy appears to be reasonable.
we established a prospective study with @number@ patients to evaluate the patients ' pain levels during the prehospital phase of treatment and prehospital analgesic therapy.
analgesics given and the type of medical staff that was involved were documented.
pain was measured using the nrs upon initial contact of the medical staff and upon admission to our emergency department.
results : initial pain level evaluated by ems ( emergency medical service ) was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) .
twenty-two percent of the patients reported an nrs of @number@ as the highest value following their injury.
forty-three of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) received analgesics.
the mean initial pain score for those @number@ patients who did receive pain medication was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) .
however , this score dropped to a mean of @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) upon hospital arrival ( p < @number@ ) .
the patients who did not receive pain medication had an initial pain score of @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) .
upon admission to the hospital , this score decreased to a mean of @number@ ( sd = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : only a minority of patients with hip fractures received prehospital analgesia.
the administration of prehospital analgesia was associated with significant pain relief.
background : overexposure to solar radiation is a major contributor to skin cancer development and premature skin aging.
botanical extracts and vitamins may represent novel photoprotective agents.
objective : we sought to systemically review clinical evidence for the use of botanically derived agents and vitamins as photoprotective agents.
methods : we systematically searched embase and pubmed databases.
two independent reviewers reviewed abstracts for inclusion.
additional relevant studies were identified by a manual review of reference lists.
data from eligible studies were extracted independently and discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
results : a total of @number@ studies met inclusion criteria.
limited available evidence indicates that several botanical agents and vitamins in topical or oral forms may have promising photoprotective effects.
however , generalizability of results is limited by small sample sizes.
conclusion and relevance : botanical extracts and vitamins may add to the armamentarium of sun-protective agents.
additional high-quality trials are needed to strengthen support for their use.
although the study of body image has been dominated by a focus on negative aspects , recent research interest has turned towards positive body image.
in particular , the review focuses on research exploring age , culture , gender , and special populations.
cerebrospinal fluid ykl-40 has been described as a marker of glial inflammation.
we aimed to study the relationship between ykl-40 and brain structure and its interactions with core alzheimer's disease ( ad ) biomarkers.
subjects were classified as aβ42 + ( < 550 pg / ml ) or aβ42- ( > 550 pg / ml ) .
cth difference maps were derived from the interaction and correlation analyses in the whole sample and within clinical groups.
there was a strong correlation between ykl-40 and markers of neurodegeneration ( total tau and p-tau ) .
our results suggest that ykl-40 could track the inflammatory processes associated to tau-related neurodegeneration in the presence of the ad pathophysiological process.
aberrant expression and localization of ape1 in tumors are recurrent hallmarks of aggressiveness and resistance to therapy.
this protein-protein interaction modulates subcellular localization and endonuclease activity of ape1.
moreover , we reported a correlation between ape1 and npm1 expression levels in ovarian cancer , with npm1 overexpression being a marker of poor prognosis.
these observations suggest that tumors that display an augmented ape1 / npm1 association may exhibit increased aggressiveness and resistance.
we set up a chemiluminescence-based high-throughput screening assay in order to find small molecules able to interfere with the ape1 / npm1 interaction.
this screening led to the identification of a set of bioactive compounds that impair the ape1 / npm1 association in living cells.
interestingly , some of these molecules display anti-proliferative activity and sensitize cells to therapeutically relevant genotoxins.
aim : the evidence for self-management programmes in older adults varies in methodological approaches , and disease criteria.
using predetermined methodological criteria , we evaluated the effect of diabetes-specific self-management programme interventions in older adults.
conclusions : diabetes self-management programmes for older adults demonstrate a small reduction in hba ( 1c ) , lipids and blood pressure.
these findings may be of greater clinical relevance when offered in conjunction with other therapies.
alterations in metabolism influence lifespan in experimental models , but data in humans are lacking.
of the metabolites identified are associated with cancer risk.
however , the effect of age on default mode subnetworks has not been documented well , and age-related changes in many resting-state networks remain debatable.
the purpose of this study was to propose more precise results for these issues using a large sample size.
partial correlation was used to observe age-related correlations within and between resting-state networks.
results : in the default mode network , only the ventral subnetwork negatively correlated with age.
age-related decrease in functional connectivity was also noted in the auditory , right frontoparietal , sensorimotor , and visual medial networks.
further , some age-related increases and decreases were observed for between-network correlations.
understanding age-related network changes may provide solutions for the impact of population aging and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
objective : visceral white adipose tissue ( wat ) expansion and macrophage accumulation are associated with metabolic dysfunction.
visceral wat typically shows greater macrophage infiltration.
preadipocytes show varying proinflammatory expression profiles among wat depots.
the objective was to examine the secretomes and chemoattractive properties of preadipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous wat.
methods : a label-free quantitative proteomics approach was applied to study secretomes of subcutaneous and omental preadipocytes from obese subjects.
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and chemotaxis assays were used to confirm proinflammatory chemokine secretion between depots.
results : preadipocyte secretomes showed greater variation between depots than did intracellular protein expression.
chemokines were the most differentially secreted proteins.
omental preadipocytes induced chemoattraction of macrophages and monocytes.
neutralizing antibodies to the identified chemokines reduced macrophage / monocyte chemoattraction.
subcutaneous preadipocytes treated with interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) resembled omental preadipocytes in terms of chemokine secretion and macrophage / monocyte chemoattraction.
janus-activated kinase ( jak1 / 2 ) protein expression , which transduces il-6 signaling , was higher in omental than subcutaneous preadipocytes and wat.
inhibiting jak in omental preadipocytes decreased chemokine secretion and macrophage / monocyte chemoattraction to levels closer to that observed in subcutaneous preadipocytes.
25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) insufficiency is very common in many countries.
yet , the extent to which 25 ( oh ) d status affects cognitive performance remains unclear.
25 ( oh ) d concentrations were measured in plasma samples drawn in @date@ , using an electrochemoluminescent immunoassay.
cognitive factors were extracted via principal component analysis ( pca ) .
no association with either cognitive factor was found among better educated participants.
in conclusion , higher midlife 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were linked to better outcomes concerning short-term and working memory.
however , these results were specific to subjects with low education , suggesting a modifying effect of cognitive reserve.
clinical outcomes and histological analysis were performed.
a statistically significant increase in the epidermis and papillary dermis thickness was seen after prgf treatment ( p < @number@ ) .
skin thickening was observed in all patients studied , being more intense in the group of patients with photodamage ( p < @number@ ) .
the improvement score after prgf use was @number@ ( @date@ ) for the group of patients with signs of skin photodamage.
intradermal prgf infiltration appears to be an effective treatment for the photodamaged skin.
adper single bond @number@ was applied in all specimens and resin composite buildups were constructed with filtek z350.
specimens were sectioned in beams , which were tested ( μtbs ) immediately or after @number@ months of aging.
results : microtensile bond strength to eroded dentin was always significantly lower than that to normal dentin.
aging is associated with microstructural changes in brain tissue that can be visualized using diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) .
the most robust differences in md were between the 50-59 and 70 + age groups.
higher whole-brain gm md was associated with poorer rbans performance in the 60-69 age group.
objectives : hip fractures ( hfs ) in old age frequently cause severe functional impairment and deteriorating autonomy in everyday life.
many older patients with hfs are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
design : observational study with follow-up after @number@ months.
participants : geriatric patients aged ≥75 years with surgically repaired proximal femoral fracture.
measurements : prefracture nutritional status was determined by mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
comorbidities and complications during hospital stay were obtained from medical documentation.
results : of @number@ included patients , @percent@ were malnourished and @percent@ at risk of malnutrition before hf.
independent of nutritional status , after @number@ months @percent@ of participants had not regained their prefracture level of independence in adl.
according to analysis of covariance , the adl development over time until follow-up @number@ months after hospital discharge did not depend on nutritional status.
clinical course did not differ significantly between the groups with different nutritional status.
further studies with sufficient statistical power are needed to substantiate these inconclusive results.
objective : to examine the relationship between task switching and thought suppression in connection with frontal lobe epilepsy ( fle ) .
participants performed a task switching experiment where they switched between emotion and age categorizations among faces.
in addition , they completed a thought suppression questionnaire.
results : there were @number@ important results : ( i ) patients with fle showed weaker task switching abilities than healthy individuals.
this result can be seen in the context of social cognition deficits and poor inhibitory control in patients with fle.
in addition , larger switch costs reflected a binding effect with facial emotion as compared to age.
thought suppression was a significant predictor for switch costs.
high scores on thought suppression were correlated with task switching deficits.
conclusion : the results suggest that thought suppression causes significant cognitive decline.
background : important associations have been found between social relationships and various mental health outcomes.
however , limited data exists for these associations among older adults especially in terms of relationship quality in partnerships.
this study aimed to examine the associations of positive and negative partner interactions and social networks with depression , anxiety and suicidal ideation.
methods : nationally-representative , cross-sectional data of the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) was analyzed.
the analytical sample consisted of @number@ community dwelling adults aged > 50 years in spouse / partner relationships.
information on sociodemographics and social relationships were assessed using standard questions.
validated scales for depression and anxiety , and a single-item question for suicidal ideation were used to assess mental health outcomes.
multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between social relationships and depression , anxiety , and suicidal ideation.
higher levels of social integration were significantly associated with lower odds for depression.
limitations : given the cross-sectional nature of the research , no firm conclusions can be made in terms of directions of causality.
the present study examined the effects of seven years of rocket attacks fired toward the south of israel on adult participants of different ages.
data were obtained from a @number@ telephone survey using the random digit dialing method and including @number@ individuals ( @percent@ participation rate ) .
exposure to rockets , ptles , global distress , and post-traumatic symptomatology were assessed.
older age was associated with a higher level of pts symptoms.
higher ptle levels attenuated the association between age and pts symptoms.
our results suggest that age is a risk factor for developing pts symptoms under prolonged exposure to rocket attacks.
objective : to identify the socio-demographic , social connectedness , physical environment and physical and mental health-related factors associated with pa.
setting and participants : adults aged @number@ and over living in the community ( n = @number@ ) .
methods : this study used a cross-sectional design.
self-report , interview and physical assessment were the data collection methods used.
the international physical activity questionnaire ( short form ) measured pa in metabolic equivalents.
results : @percent@ of older people did not meet the recommended guidelines.
the regression model was significant , explaining @percent@ of the variance in pa ( f = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
they included modifiable variables , such as time spent sitting and mental health , which can be actively targeted in policy and practice.
they also included non-modifiable variables such as gender and age that can be addressed through increased awareness and targeted health promotion.
the network structure decreases flexibility from conception onward due to differentiation and cumulative responses to environment ( exposome ) .
background : the sweeping obesity epidemic could further increase the incidence of functional limitations in the u.s. rapidly aging population.
objective : to examine the relationship between body weight status and onset of functional limitations in u.s. middle-aged and older adults.
body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated from self-reported height / weight.
results : prior-wave body weight status prospectively predicted onset of functional limitation , and the relationship showed a u-shaped pattern.
for pm , lmf and gmf , the impact of obesity appeared more pronounced in women , whereas that of underweight more pronounced in men.
conclusions : proper weight management during aging is crucial in preventing functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults.
objective : vascular lesions seen through brain imaging as hyperintensities are associated with both depression and functional impairment in older adults.
design : secondary analysis of data collected through the neurocognitive outcomes of depression study.
analysis techniques included general linear mixed models examining trajectories of functional change predicted by lesion volume at baseline.
measurements : wmh volume was measured through analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data.
functional limitations included difficulties with basic activities of daily living tasks , instrumental activities of daily living tasks , and mobility.
background : current guidelines consider that bariatric surgery is relatively contraindicated in elderly adults ( aged≥60 years ) .
the primary objective was to compare weight change and the remission rate of co-morbidities in the @number@ groups after @number@ months of follow-up.
conclusion : results support the safety and efficacy of sg for morbid obesity in patients aged≥60 years.
accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau ( mapt ) is a central feature of a class of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies.
this reduction was found to be due to reduced proliferation and not because of enhanced apoptosis in the hippocampus.
at these same time points , htau mice also exhibited altered mapt phosphorylation with neurogenic precursors.
all subjects underwent dti , 18f 2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose , and ( @number@ ) c pittsburgh compound b positron emission tomography scans.
dlb is characterized by a loss of parietooccipital wm integrity , independent of concomitant ad-related β-amyloid load.
cortical glucose hypometabolism accompanies wm fa alterations with a concordant pattern of gray and wm involvement in the parietooccipital lobes in dlb.
moreover , the degree of chaperone decline corresponds with the severity of neurodegeneration.
our data indicate that the er chaperone grp78 may have therapeutic potential for preventing and / or slowing age-related neurodegeneration.
what is more , these biological effects can be seen as early as middle age.
objective : to determine how the degree of urbanization affects the prevalence of allergic sensitization and self-reported rhinitis symptoms in elderly community populations.
current rhinitis symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire.
sensitization to inhalant allergen was measured using skin prick tests for @number@ common allergens.
self-reported rhinoconjunctivitis also correlated with urbanization.
correlations between self-reported allergic conditions and urbanization remained statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression tests.
conclusion : the present analyses found significant correlations between degree of urbanization with self-reported rhinitis symptoms and sensitization to inhalant allergen in the elderly population.
these findings warrant further investigation of the roles that urban factors play in the development of elderly rhinitis and allergen sensitization.
17-beta-estradiol ( e2 ) facilitates long term-potentiation ( ltp ) and increases spine synapse density in hippocampal neurons of ovariectomized rodents.
consistent with these beneficial effects on the cellular level , e2 improves hippocampus-dependent memory.
a prominent approach to study e2 effects in rodents is the inhibition of its synthesis by letrozole , which reduces ltps and spine synapse density.
in particular , we employed various behavioral memory paradigms that allow the disentanglement of hippocampus-dependent and -independent memory.
with whole cell patch-clamp techniques , action potentials and slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium currents were recorded in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes , respectively.
and rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium currents were tested in herg-hek293 cells.
urocortin2 produced a time- and concentration-dependent prolongation of action potential duration.
the ec50 values of action potential duration and action potential duration at @percent@ of repolarization were @number@ and @number@.3nm respectively.
and urocortin2 caused reduction of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium currents in herg-hek293 cells.
in herg-hek293 cells , urocortin2 reduced rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current density which may contribute to action potential duration prolongation.
programmed cell death ( pcd ) pathways , including apoptosis and regulated necrosis , are required for normal cell turnover and tissue homeostasis.
mis-regulation of pcd is increasingly implicated in aging and aging-related disease.
during aging the cell turnover rate declines for several highly-mitotic tissues.
in contrast , cancer cells and senescent cells are resistant to pcd , enabling them to increase in abundance during aging.
pcd pathways limit life span in fungi , but whether pcd pathways normally limit adult metazoan life span is not yet clear.
pcd is regulated by a balance of negative and positive factors , including the mitochondria , which are particularly subject to aging-associated malfunction.
the macrostructure , microstructure , and neural connectivity of the thalamus changes across the adult lifespan.
the integrity of selective thalamic nuclei and projections decline with advancing age , particularly those in thalamofrontal , thalamoparietal , and thalamolimbic networks.
we analyzed data on @number@ male participants in the veterans aging cohort study-virtual cohort who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease.
conclusions : hiv infection is associated with an increased ischemic stroke risk among hiv-infected compared with demographically and behaviorally similar uninfected male veterans.
we investigated whether this phenotypic association arises from a shared genetic basis.
by conditioning on polymorphisms associated with the @number@ phenotypes , we identified @number@ loci associated with increased ad risk.
we also found that gene expression of hs3st1 and echdc3 was altered in ad brains compared with control brains.
conclusions : we demonstrate genetic overlap between ad , c-reactive protein , and plasma lipids.
conclusions : age-dependent microdamage ( mdx ) accumulates excessively in human perilabyrinthine bone , where the bone turnover is almost absent.
this may have pathological implications for bone-specific disorders such as otosclerosis.
the role of mdx accumulation is discussed from an osteodynamic perspective.
objectives : bone remodelling is highly inhibited within the otic capsule compared with the rest of the skeleton.
consequently excessive accumulation of age-dependent capsular mdx is expected.
this study describes the prevalence , size and topographical distribution of mdx in the human otic capsule.
methods : a total of @number@ undecalcified human temporal bones were examined.
bulk staining and the cutting-grinding technique were used to separate in vivo mdx from microcrack artefacts induced post mortem by the milling procedure.
quantitative data were obtained by fluorescence microscopy by counting and measuring and by the use of stereology.
results : microcracks accumulated continuously and extensively in the human otic capsule throughout life.
both the number and total length of mdx were higher close to the inner ear space as compared with the capsular periphery.
the mean length of the mdx remained constant with age.
there was no statistically significant sex difference.
subjective cognitive impairment ( sci ) is a clinical state characterized by subjective cognitive deficits without cognitive impairment.
we performed functional connectivity analysis for @number@ individuals with sci and @number@ individuals without sci.
to reveal the pathophysiological basis of the functional connectivity change , we performed magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging.
positron emission tomography-amyloid imaging was conducted in @number@ sci and @number@ nonsci subjects.
individuals with sci showed reduced functional connectivity in cortical midline structures.
reduction in white matter connections was related to reduced functional connectivity , but we found no amyloid deposition in individuals with sci.
we examined the influence of tomm40 \ "523 \ " polymorphism on spatial navigation and its brain structural correlates.
participants were apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε3 / ε3 homozygotes with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) .
the homozygotes were chosen because apoe ε3 / ε3 variant is considered \ "neutral \ " with respect to load risk.
neuropsychological examination and testing in real-space human analog of the morris water maze were administered.
both self-centered ( egocentric ) and world-centered ( allocentric ) spatial navigation was assessed.
brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed using freesurfer software.
this may reflect a specific role of tomm40 \ "523 \ " in the pathogenesis of load.
however , relationships between longitudinal changes in brain function , brain structure , and cognitive performance in older adults are less well understood.
here we present the results of a longitudinal , combined fmri-dti study in cognitive normal ( cn ) older adults.
we observed longitudinal fmri activation increases in bilateral regions of lateral frontal cortex at time point @number@
these fmri activation increases were associated with longitudinal declines in wm microstructure in a portion of the corpus callosum connecting the increasingly recruited frontal regions.
in addition , the fmri activation increase in the left vlpfc was associated with longitudinal increases in response latencies.
unlabelled : this study presents quantitative ultrasonography ( qus ) bone quality data for an underrepresented , south asian pediatric population from nepal.
data were collected as part of a longitudinal study of growth and development.
this study offers normative data and documents the effect of stunting , wasting , and underweight on the bone properties measured by qus.
methods : a cross-sectional study of @number@ children and adolescents aged 5-18 years from the jirel ethnic group in eastern nepal was performed.
the sunlight omnisense 7000p was used to assess bone quality of the distal @date@ radius and midshaft tibia.
who reference standards were used to assess growth disruptions of height , weight , and bmi.
results : qus bone quality data for an underrepresented , non-western pediatric population are presented for the radius and tibia.
a sizable portion of the study participants were classified as stunted , wasted , and / or underweight.
despite this prevalence of growth disruption in the study sample , bone quality data conform to other documented populations with less growth disruption.
the children and adolescents examined here represent normal growth and development for an underrepresented south asian population.
objective : to determine the factors that predict change in well-being over time in older men and women presenting to the falls prevention clinic.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : falls prevention clinic.
interventions : not applicable.
we constructed linear mixed models to determine whether baseline predictor variables were related to baseline well-being and / or changes in well-being over time.
in addition , we included interactions with sex to investigate the difference between men and women.
results : all @number@ predictors were associated with well-being at baseline ( p < .05 ) .
follow-up analyses suggested that better mobility was protective against decline in well-being in men but was generally unrelated to changes in well-being in women.
conclusions : we found that @number@ valid and reliable measures of mobility interacted with sex to predict changes in well-being over time.
the human mpv17-related mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome is an inherited autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the inner mitochondrial membrane protein mpv17.
although more than @number@ mpv17 gene mutations were shown to be associated with mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome , the function of mpv17 is still unknown.
mice deficient in mpv17 show signs of premature aging.
the channel was weakly cation-selective and showed several subconductance states.
voltage-dependent gating of the channel was regulated by redox conditions and ph and was affected also in mutants mimicking a phosphorylated state.
however , despite the elevated δψm , the mpv17-deficient mitochondria showed signs of accelerated fission.
together , these observations uncover the role of mpv17 as a δψm-modulating channel that apparently contributes to mitochondrial homeostasis under different conditions.
the impact of dietary factors on brain health and vulnerability to disease is increasingly appreciated.
the results of epidemiological studies , and intervention trials in animal models suggest that diets rich in phytochemicals can enhance neuroplasticity and resistance to neurodegeneration.
increased age , bmi and hba1c levels are risk factors for several non-communicable diseases.
however , the impact of these factors on the genome-wide dna methylation pattern in human adipose tissue remains unknown.
we also compared epigenetic signatures in adipose tissue and blood.
age was significantly associated with both altered dna methylation and expression of @number@ genes ( e.g. fhl2 , nox4 and plg ) .
the most significant association between age and adipose tissue dna methylation was found upstream of elovl2.
methylation at previously reported hif3a sites correlated significantly with bmi in females only.
pathway analyses demonstrated that methylation levels associated with age and bmi are overrepresented among genes involved in cancer , type @number@ diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
importantly , we demonstrate that epigenetic biomarkers in blood can mirror age-related epigenetic signatures in target tissues for metabolic diseases such as adipose tissue.
normal aging and ipd can be associated with a wm decline.
in ipd population , some studies reported similar swm and owm deficits ; others reported a greater swm than owm impairment.
we found that the two groups recruited a prevalent left frontoparietal network when performing the swm task and a bilateral network during owm task execution.
the overall brain activation in the ipd group was more extended as number of voxels with respect to ess , suggesting underlying compensatory mechanisms.
in conclusion , notwithstanding comparable wm performance , the two groups showed consistencies and differences in the wm activated networks.
the latter underline the compensatory processes of normal typical and pathological aging.
in germany there are @number@ million people with a migration background , one in five of the total population.
there are relatively few migrant mortality studies in germany , which is primarily due to the restricted quantity and quality of existing data.
the official migrant death statistics for germany suffer from incomplete migrant population stock data due to non-registered remigration events.
between @number@ and @number@ mortality risks of foreigners rose strongly due to the census corrections of the migrant population.
however , the risks for adults and pensioners still lie below the risks for germans in the same age groups.
the lower risks indicate a healthy-migrant-effect , whicht was primarily effective shortly after the immigration event.
analysis based on data from the statutory pension insurance ( grv ) shows higher migrant mortality risks in the age group from @number@ to @number@
their mortality risk , therefore , increased in the long-term perspective.
in the future the lack of data in the migrant population will again rise due to unregistered remigration.
alternative databases need to be used for migrant mortality analyses.
to establish a performance baseline , all participants were first pretested on a typical id = @number@ fitts task.
following practice , all participants were then posttested under the id = @number@ fitts conditions.
these enhancements included faster movement times , smaller dwell times , and more harmonic movements , all without decreases in movement accuracy.
these results replicate our previous findings with young adults and extend the finding to older adult participants.
the bone-targeting calcitonin analogues were also tested in a separate cohort of male rats developing adjuvant-induced arthritis.
adjuvant arthritis was developed in male rats by administering mycobacterium butyricum through tail base injection.
this identified two mutants with autosomal recessive forms of ec , and reduced lifespan , designated ecalc1 and ecalc2.
the gln203stop mutation , located in kl1 domain , was severely hypomorphic and led to a 17-fold reduction of renal kl expression.
purpose : a new literature has suggested that speech rate can influence the parsing of words quite strongly in speech.
results : there were no differences between younger and older adults in their use of the distal speech rate cue to word segmentation.
older adults ' difficulties with compressed speech may arise from problems broader than just speech rate alone.
the values derived were compared with threshold values , which differentiate between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic states ; age-stratified groups were also compared.
conclusions : using opportunistic ct scanning , this study demonstrates the relative frequency of osteoporosis in acute fractures of the cervical spine.
it also objectively correlates overall bmd with the known higher frequency of c-2 fractures in older patients.
relational complexity ( rc ) is a metric reflecting capacity limitation in relational processing.
it plays a crucial role in higher cognitive processes and is an endophenotype for several disorders.
however , the genetic underpinnings of complex relational processing have not been investigated.
these results indicate that genetic sources influencing relational processing are a key component of the genetic architecture of broader cognitive abilities.
longitudinal studies are recognized as contributing to understanding the complexity of aging and generating insights that cannot be gained using other research methods.
however , conducting longitudinal studies is recognized as challenging , especially among older adults.
methods of this specific longitudinal study are presented to provide background to the discussion.
the excision ratio between malignant and benign skin tumours should be optimized.
additionally , the incidence of cognitive decline at @number@ months after surgery was identified.
pocd and cognitive decline were assessed using the reliable change index utilizing the results of the control group.
results : preci was classified in @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ( @percent@ ci , @number@ to @percent@ ) .
patients with preci had a significantly increased incidence of pocd at @number@ days and @number@ months and cognitive decline at @number@ months.
conclusions : patients with preci have an increased incidence of pocd and cognitive decline.
preci is a good predictor of subsequent pocd and cognitive decline.
the incidence of cognitive decline after @number@ months in this group of patients is low.
aging is considered the major risk factor for cancer , one of the most important mortality causes in the western world.
inflammaging , a state of chronic , low-level systemic inflammation , is a pervasive feature of human aging.
thus , inflammaging is a strong candidate to connect age and cancer.
a corollary of this hypothesis is that interventions aiming to decrease inflammaging should protect against cancer , as well as most / all age-related diseases.
the mitochondrial theory of ageing proposes that accumulation of damage to mitochondrial function and dna mutation lead to ageing of humans and animals.
atrial fibrillation , the most common chronic cardiac arrhythmia , adversely affects the quality of life of millions of people.
the condition is frequently associated with advancing age , structural cardiac dysfunction , and preexisting comorbidities.
the most common complications , stroke and heart failure , result in significant morbidity and mortality.
given the aging of the u.s. population , the incidence of atrial fibrillation is expected to double within the next @number@ years.
our objective was to describe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) mortality rates in the chilean population over a 17-year period.
crude and standardized mortality rates by als were calculated at the nationwide level and by geographic zone.
a risk analysis was performed in successive cohorts from 1910-1919 to 1960-1969 , comparing mortality slopes.
als mortality rate has increased over time probably due to the aging of the population and decline in rates for competing causes of death.
materials and methods : the occlusal dentin surfaces of @number@ teeth were ground flat.
glass-ionomer cement was bonded to the surfaces either with or without polyalkenoic acid conditioning.
the teeth were sectioned into 1-mm2 stick-shaped specimens.
the microtensile bond strength ( μtbs ) was determined for each storage time.
results : there was no significant difference in μtbs to conditioned dentin ( p > @number@ ) .
the failures appeared to be of a mixed nature , although aging caused more areas of cohesive than adhesive failure in all groups.
tem observation showed a demineralized layer and an amorphous gel phase in the polyalkenoic acid conditioned group.
however , it remains unknown whether a causal relationship exists between ataxin-7 proteolysis and in vivo sca7 disease progression.
normal aging is associated with greater decline in associative memory relative to item memory due to impaired recollection.
familiarity may also contribute to associative recognition when stimuli are perceived as a ' unitized ' representation.
young and older adults performed an associative recognition task while electroencephalogram ( eeg ) was recorded.
behavioral results showed that age differences were smaller for recognition of compounds than for unrelated word pairs.
erp results indicated that only compounds evoked an early frontal old / new effect in older adults.
moreover , the early frontal old / new effect was positively correlated with associative discrimination accuracy.
these findings suggest that reduced age-related associative deficits under unitized condition may be associated with the presence of familiarity-based retrieval of compounds in older adults.
introduction : the feasibility and validity of brief computerized cognitive batteries at the population-level are unknown.
results : we obtained valid data on greater than @percent@ of participants on each test.
correlations between the cogstate and neuropsychological tests ranged from @number@ to @number@
although absolute differences between the pc and ipad were small and participants preferred the ipad , performance on the pc was faster.
participants performed faster on detection , one card learning , and one back at home compared with the clinic.
discussion : the computerized cogstate battery , especially the ipad , was feasible , acceptable , and valid in the population.
a neurologist reviewed provider-linked medical records to identify prevalent dementia ( review date = index ) .
costs for medical services / procedures 1-year pre-index ( excluding indirect and long-term care costs ) were estimated using line-item provider-linked administrative data.
we estimated contributions of care-delivery site and comorbid conditions ( including and excluding neuropsychiatric diagnoses ) to between-category cost differences.
hospital inpatient costs contributed @percent@ of total costs for prevalent dementia and accounted for differences between cn and both prevalent and newly discovered dementia.
ambulatory costs accounted for differences between cn and mci.
age- , sex- , education-adjusted differences reached significance for cn versus newly discovered and prevalent dementia and for mci versus prevalent dementia.
following the exclusion of neuropsychiatric diagnoses from comorbidity adjustment , between-category differences tended to revert to greater differences.
conclusions : cost estimates did not differ significantly between cn and mci.
substantial differences between mci and prevalent dementia reflected high inpatient costs for dementia and appear partly related to co-occurring mental disorders.
such comparisons can help inform models aimed at identifying where , when , and for which individuals proposed interventions might be cost-effective.
sleep deprivation ( sd ) leads to cardiovascular risk by disturbing autonomic nervous system ( ans ) .
whether sex or menstrual cycle influences cardiac ans interfered by sd remained unclear.
this investigation was to further clarify the effects of different menstrual phases on cardiac autonomic nervous activity disturbed by sd.
compared to ff , sd-triggered cardiac sympathetic activation is blunted in fl.
the study provides further insight into the physiology of acute sd in different sex and menstrual phases.
recent theories have proposed a metastructure that organizes related mental disorders into broad dimensions of psychopathology ( i.e. , internalizing and externalizing dimensions ) .
we next investigated patterns of disorder comorbidity for past-year psychiatric disorders and found that a liability model fit the data well.
methods : this is a cross-sectional population study of people aged @number@ years and over.
a total of @number@ respondents were interviewed at home in 2008-2010.
mortality data were documented after a mean follow-up period of @number@ years.
results : mean age of the population was @number@ + / - @number@ years , with @percent@ of women.
prevalence of frailty was @percent@.
polypharmacy ( 5-9 drugs ) was reported in @percent@ of the population , and excessive polypharmacy ( @number@ drugs or more ) in @percent@.
objectives : a better understanding of the essential components of frailty is important for future developments of management strategies.
design : cross-sectional , community-based study.
setting : two community-based social and clinical networks.
participants : one hundred twenty-four community-dwelling chinese near-centenarians and centenarians.
measurements : frailty was first assessed using a 32-item fi ( fi-32 ) .
results : mean age was @number@ ( standard deviation @number@ ) years , with a range from @number@ to @number@ and @percent@ were female.
overall , @percent@ of our participants were nonfrail , @percent@ were prefrail , and @percent@ were frail.
frailty according to fi-32 significantly predicted self-rated health and iadl dependency beyond the effect of age and gender.
inclusion of the new cmf into the regression models provided significant additional predictive power beyond fi-32 on self-rated health , but not iadl dependency.
statement of problem : a key factor of an implant-retained facial prosthesis is the success of the bonding between the substructure and the silicone elastomer.
little has been reported on the bonding of fiber reinforced composite ( frc ) to silicone elastomers.
experimental frc could be a solution for facial prostheses supported by light-activated aliphatic urethane acrylate , orthodontic acrylic resin , or commercially available frcs.
the specimens were tested in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of @number@ mm / min.
the mean value of the orthodontic acrylic resin subgroup peel bond strength was found to be statistically lower ( p < .05 ) .
shear forces predominantly exhibited cohesive failure ( @percent@ ) , whereas peel forces predominantly exhibited adhesive failure ( @percent@ ) .
the mean value of the 180-degree peel strength of the orthodontic acrylic resin group was found to be lower ( p < .05 ) .
newspaper health stories often originate with news releases from health organizations.
tailoring news releases to a particular mass media outlet increases the possibility that the release will result in a published story.
this study describes a 2-year effort to promote coverage of health through dissemination of localized health news releases to newspapers.
each newspaper received stories tailored to that community.
localized elements of stories included local headlines and local data.
we also examined which types of newspapers were most likely to publish health news stories.
newspapers in rural versus suburban and urban areas were more likely to publish health news stories , as were midsized newspapers.
in addition , rural newspapers were more likely than urban newspapers to publish stories about aging , specifically arthritis and heart disease.
what is the topic of this review ?
what advances does it highlight ?
our objective was to increase our understanding of the role of brain lipids in pathophysiology of aging and age-related cognitive impairment.
methods : levels of @number@ individual lipids , across @number@ lipid subclasses , were measured utilising a high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis platform.
the heart is the first organ formed during mammalian development.
a properly sized and functional heart is vital throughout the entire lifespan.
loss of cardiomyocytes because of injury or diseases leads to heart failure , which is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality.
unfortunately , regenerative potential of the adult heart is limited.
interestingly , research indicates a key role of this pathway in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
inactivation of the hippo pathway or activation of its downstream effector , the yes-associated protein transcription coactivator , improves cardiac regeneration.
in addition , yes-associated protein has been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte fate through multiple transcriptional mechanisms.
background : dual chamber pacing is known to have detrimental effect on cardiac performance and heart failure occurring eventually is associated with increased mortality.
experimental studies of pacing in dogs have shown contractile dyssynchrony leading to diffuse alterations in extracellular matrix.
the primary endpoint will be assessment of valsartan efficacy to prevent left ventricle remodeling during @number@ month follow-up.
clinicaltrials.org ( nct01805804 ) .
time- or age-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction is strongly associated with aging [ @number@ ] .
we also review recent data in support of and against the emerging role of the upr ( mt ) during aging and longevity.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : mitochondrial dysfunction in aging.
neuroplasticity can be conceptualized as an intrinsic property of the brain that enables modification of function and structure in response to environmental demands.
neuroplastic strengthening of synapses is believed to serve as a critical mechanism underlying learning , memory , and other cognitive functions.
ex vivo work investigating neuroplasticity has been done on hippocampal slices using high frequency stimulation.
however , in vivo neuroplasticity in humans has been difficult to demonstrate.
the current study investigated whether neuroplastic changes in the visual pathway can persist in older adults.
seventeen healthy subjects , @number@ years and older , were recruited from the community.
after 2min of rest , 1hz stimulation was repeated.
results showed that the amplitude of factors representing the early and late n1b component was substantially larger after tetanic stimulation.
background : awareness represents a major modulator for the uptake of preventive measures and healthy life-style choices.
women underestimate the role of cardiovascular diseases as causes of mortality , yet little information is available about their subjective risk awareness.
results : an expected linear increase with age was observed for hypertension , hyperlipidemia , obesity , and vascular compliance measured by pulse pressure.
knowledge about optimal values of selected cardiovascular risk factor indicators increased with age , but not the perception of the importance of age itself.
conclusions : less than half of the women in our study population correctly estimated their cardiovascular risk.
sumoylation is a posttranslational modification that regulates a wide spectrum of cellular activities.
cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure.
whether sumoylation , particularly sumo- @date@ conjugation , is involved in cardiomyopathy has not been investigated.
we further revealed that sumo-2 directly regulated apoptotic process by at least partially targeting calpain @number@ and its natural inhibitor calpastatin.
sumo conjugation to calpain @number@ promoted its enzymatic activity , and sumo attachment to calpastatin mainly promoted its turnover and altered its subcellular distribution.
thus , enhanced sumo-2 conjugation led to increased apoptosis and played a pathogenic role in the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
method : this is a cross-sectional study in @number@ physically-independent and apparently healthy older men and women subjects from a central region of mexico.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , anthropometry , resistance , reactance , and other independent predictive variables were assessed.
in the validation sample , the accuracy of the new and the published bia equations was tested by pure error.
in addition , bland and altman analysis tested the bias.
results : the selected model had a r ( @number@ ) of @number@ and a rmse of @number@ kg and fulfilled every regression assumption.
the predictive variables included were : ht ( @number@ ) / r , sex , and body weight.
the new bia equation showed a pe close to rmse of the estimate with no significant bias.
the published bia equations proved to be inaccurate and had significant bias.
conclusions : this new single-frequency bia-derived equation was precise , accurate and free of bias.
published bia equations to estimate asm should not be used indistinctly in other ethnic groups without validation.
there is widespread evidence of under-recruitment of older people to research studies , notably randomised controlled trials of interventions.
study exclusion criteria , ethical dilemmas , patient preference , risk of bias and challenges for treatment comparisons are particular problems faced by researchers.
relevant assents are obtained at baseline to enable future involvement in a range of potential trials.
currently , there is no cure for ad ; while current therapies may temporarily ameliorate symptoms , death usually occurs approximately @number@ years after diagnosis.
although h-1 parvovirus is used as an antitumor agent , not much is known about the relationship between its specific tropism and oncolytic activity.
we hypothesize that vp2 , a major capsid protein of h-1 virus , determines h-1-specific tropism.
to assess this , we constructed chimeric h-1 viruses expressing kilham rat virus ( krv ) capsid proteins , in their complete or partial forms.
however , the other chimeric h-1 viruses ( ch4 and ch5 ) expressing a partial krv vp2 domain induced cytolysis.
this might explain the precedence of h-1 vp2 protein over krv in determining oncolytic activity in human cancer cells.
taking these results together , we propose that the vp2 protein of oncolytic h-1 parvovirus determines its specific tropism in human cancer cells.
study question : does age of g-1 plus @date@ embryo culture medium affect ivf outcome ?
data analysis included linear regression and logistic regression on continuous and categorical outcomes , respectively.
this indicates a difference of @number@ g in birthweight of newborns for media with an age difference of @number@ days.
wider implications of the findings : age of g-1 plus @date@ medium used to culture human embryos affects birthweight of the respective newborn.
this could imply that the preimplantation embryo adapts to its in vitro environment with lasting in vivo consequences.
study funding / competing interests : no funding and no competing interests declared.
trial registration number : not applicable.
indeed , the slowing down of metabolism with age may result in lower uraemic toxin concentrations , hence reducing their toxic effects.
concentrations were compared after age stratification and were matched with patient and dialysis characteristics.
in haemodialysis patients , acid ( cmpf ) levels were markedly higher and bun and uric acid borderline lower in the older age-group.
all other solutes showed no difference.
no differences were found in non-dialysed ckd patients.
it was concluded that in this ckd population concentrations of uraemic toxins did not change substantially with calendar age.
all the data were analyzed statistically and compared with those in @number@
conclusions : the advanced schistosomiasis patents in shanggao county decreases with years and shows an aging trend.
some advanced schistosomiasis patients are worse ; therefore the chemotherapy and salvation work still should be strengthened.
purpose : the purpose of this article is to consider the implications of age-related cognitive decline for hearing health care.
method : recent research and current thinking about age-related declines in cognition and the links between auditory and cognitive aging are reviewed briefly.
implications of this research for improving prevention , assessment , and intervention in audiologic practice and for enhancing interprofessional teamwork are highlighted.
fortunately , we succeeded in identifying human skin fibroblast-derived elastase as a previously known enzyme , neprilysin or neutral endopeptidase ( nep ) .
direct uva exposure of human keratinocytes also stimulates the secretion of il-6 , il-8 and gm-csf but not of il-1 and endothelin-1.
the repetitive exposure of skin to ultraviolet b ( uvb ) preferentially elicits wrinkling while ultraviolet a ( uva ) predominantly elicits sagging.
japan is facing an unprecedented aging society.
in @number@ @percent@ of the total population in japan was @number@ years old and over.
under the budget limitations of social security , policies and frequent policy changes have created great uncertainty and concern for the elderly population.
given these circumstances , we conducted questionnaire surveys in @number@ to examine concerns in this age-group.
we received @number@ responses.
among those who responded , @number@ ( @percent@ ) respondents said that they had concerns.
we conducted a text analysis ( trend search-keyword associator @number@ ) and extracted the keywords from their responses.
in this study , many elderly people in japan are concerned about health-care expenditures , health-care systems , and health policies.
correct policy making and determination to eliminate the concerns from this vulnerable population in japan are necessary for healthy aging.
results : having lost a child , spouse or both child and spouse did not predict mortality risk.
an indirect link between bereavement and mortality was found showing for each year since loss the mortality risk decreased by about @percent@.
neuroticism , but not conscientiousness , was associated with mortality risk , with a small-effect size.
conclusions : the different bereavements did not predict mortality risk while an indirect link was found showing that mortality risk decreased with time.
methods : this is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of @number@ mg / d calcium supplementation to prevent bone loss.
subjects were @number@ white postmenopausal women age @number@ to @number@ years in good general health.
effects of supplementation on 1-year changes in 24h urine calcium concentration and urine volume were examined.
results : both treatment group and urine volume were strong independent predictors of urine calcium concentration ( p < @number@ ) .
among those with higher urine volumes , all placebo subjects and more than @percent@ of calcium supplemented subjects were at lowest risk.
data came from males and females aged 13-99 years who participated in the 2005-2010 national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) .
several well-performing clustering algorithms exist to infer topological network partitions.
however , due to respective technical idiosyncrasies they might produce dissimilar modular decompositions of a given network.
in this contribution , we aimed to analyze how alternative modular descriptions could condition the outcome of follow-up network biology analysis.
methodology : we considered a human protein interaction network and two paradigmatic cluster recognition algorithms , namely : the clauset-newman-moore and the infomap procedures.
we analyzed to what extent both methodologies yielded different results in terms of granularity and biological congruency.
mortality caused by acute cardiopulmonary disease is decreasing , and in many countries the population is aging rapidly.
yet , the life-years gained are often spent with multiple chronic and slowly progressive conditions , and this particularly applies to patients with cardiopulmonary disease.
this more or less reflects an \ "engine running out of fuel. \ "
this asks for a paradigm shift : away from single-disease-oriented patient management and toward patient-tailored multimorbidity medicine.
daily clinical practice is already recognizing this on a daily basis , yet clinical research and guidelines are still lagging behind.
thus , novel research approaches are needed to better guide evidence-based clinical practice.
hypertriglyceridemia ( htg ) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
we investigated alterations in plasma metabolites associated with borderline-to-moderate htg ( triglycerides ( tg ) 150-500 mg / dl ) .
we identified alterations in lysopcs , amides , and cis-4-octenedioic acid among non-diabetic and non-obese individuals with borderline-to-moderate htg.
these results provide novel insights into the metabolic alterations that occur in the early metabolic stages of htg.
this information may facilitate the design of early interventions to prevent disease progression.
objective : to investigate the association between self-reported supplementary calcium consumption and the prevalence of amd in a representative us sample.
participants were interviewed regarding use of dietary supplements and antacids during the 30-day period preceding enrollment.
self-reported supplementary intake of calcium was aggregated and divided into quintiles.
fundus photographs were graded for the presence or absence of amd.
information regarding demographics , comorbidities , and health-related behaviors was obtained via interview.
interventions : self-reported use of calcium supplements.
main outcomes and measures : presence or absence of amd by fundus photography.
results : a total of @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed with amd.
mean ages were @number@ years for those with amd and @number@ for those without amd.
a clear dose-response association between the quintiles of self-reported supplementary calcium intake and amd was not established.
the stronger association in older individuals may be due to relatively longer duration of calcium supplementation in older individuals.
background : biofeedback is a scarce , resource-intensive clinical therapy.
populations are aging and younger cohorts use technology in managing their health , affording fi self-management opportunities.
aim : does supplementary home-based biofeedback improve fi and quality of life ( qol ) ?
methods : seventy-five incontinent participants ( @number@ male ) , mean age @number@ years , consented to participate.
on completion of the study each perineometer exercise session was rated for technique by @number@ raters , blinded to the patient and order of sessions.
graphed perineometer sessions demonstrated high compliance and improvement in exercise technique.
perineometers provided reassurance , motivation , and an exercise reminder ensuring that confidence was achieved quickly.
conclusions : home biofeedback was acceptable and well tolerated by all users.
younger participants significantly benefited from using this technology.
objective : the objective was to determine the risk of stroke associated with subclinical hypothyroidism.
data sources and study selection : published prospective cohort studies were identified through a systematic search through @date@ without restrictions in several databases.
unpublished studies were identified through the thyroid studies collaboration.
we collected individual participant data on thyroid function and stroke outcome.
stratified by age , the hr for stroke events was @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) for individuals aged 18-49 years.
there was a pattern of increased risk of fatal stroke with higher tsh concentrations.
context : vitamin d is essential for bone health.
in addition , vitamin d has recently been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases.
to determine thresholds , spline curves were used.
visual inspection and the statistical best fit of the spline regression models were used together to estimate the best estimate of the thresholds.
conclusion : the results indicate that thresholds for serum 25 ( oh ) d may vary according to different outcomes and subgroups.
methods : a total of @number@ participants participated in the study ranging in age from @number@ to @number@
all were administered a syntactic-priming and a sentence-completion task under either canonical or noncanonical word-order conditions.
working-memory capacity partially accounted for age-related changes in sentence-production abilities.
design : a cross-sectional study that is a second follow-up to the isfahan cohort study ( ics ) .
measures and analysis : dietary intakes were collected using a 24-hour recall and @number@ food records.
distribution of vitamins intake was estimated using traditional and national cancer institute ( nci ) methods.
results : there were differences between values obtained from traditional and nci methods , particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the intake distribution.
high prevalence of inadequacies for vitamins a , d , e , b2 , b3 ( especially among females ) , and b9 was observed.
conclusion : imbalanced vitamin intake was observed in the middle-aged and elderly iranian population.
nutritional interventions particularly through population-based educational programs in order to improve diet variety and consume nutrient supplements may be necessary.
further , these drs have been hypothesized to put a constraint on the lifespan of mammals and are under a negative selection pressure.
using a compendium of @number@ mammalian mtdna , we re-examined the relationship between species lifespan and the mutagenicity of such drs.
contradicting the prevailing hypotheses , we found no significant evidence that long-lived mammals possess fewer mutagenic drs than short-lived mammals.
we postulated that higher adiponectin would be linked to increased risk for af in older adults in a u-shaped manner.
results : during median follow-up of @number@ years , there were @number@ incident af events.
adjusted cubic splines showed a positive and linear association between adiponectin and incident af.
additional adjustment for putative mediators , including subclinical cvd , diabetes , lipids and inflammation , did not significantly affect these estimates.
human oc was found to circulate in over a dozen truncated forms with each of these displaying anywhere from 0-3 gla residues.
the relative abundance of truncated forms was consistent and unaffected by vitamin k supplementation.
these findings unequivocally document that increased vitamin k intake reduces the uncarboxylated form of oc.
analyses similar to those described here will be useful to understand the functional significance of oc γ-carboxylation in human health and disease.
background : observational studies in older subjects have shown no or inverse associations between cholesterol levels and mortality.
in the current study , we used an ldl genetic risk score ( grs ) to overcome this problem.
methods : a weighted grs was created using @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ldl-c levels.
we assessed the association between the ldl grs and ldl-c levels , chronological age , familial longevity and mortality.
a large part of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding rnas.
long noncoding rnas ( lncrnas ) have emerged as critical epigenetic regulators of gene expression.
distinct molecular mechanisms allow lncrnas either to activate or to repress gene expression , thereby participating in the regulation of cellular and tissue function.
lncrnas , therefore , have important roles in healthy and diseased hearts , and might be targets for therapeutic intervention.
in this review , we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of lncrnas in cardiac development and ageing.
after describing the definition and classification of lncrnas , we present an overview of the mechanisms by which lncrnas regulate gene expression.
we emphasize the importance of chromatin remodelling in this regulation.
finally , we discuss the therapeutic and biomarker potential of lncrnas.
aortic distensibility ( ad ) decreases with age and increased aortic stiffness is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
the association of severe aortic stenosis ( as ) with ad in different aortic regions has not been evaluated.
elderly subjects with severe as and a cohort of patients without as of similar age were studied.
proximal aortic cross-sectional-area changes during the cardiac cycle were determined using retrospective-ecg-gating on 128-detector row computed-tomography.
using measurements , the ad at the ascending-aorta ( aa ) , proximal-descending-aorta ( pda ) and distal-descending-aorta ( dda ) was determined.
linear mixed effects modelling was used to determine the association of age and aortic stenosis on regional ad.
in patients without as , ad decreased with age in all aortic regions ( p < @number@ ) .
the aa in patients < 50 years were the most distensible compared to other aortic regions.
there is regional variation in aortic distensibility with aging.
patients with aortic stenosis demonstrated regional differences in aortic distensibility with lower distensibility demonstrated in the proximal ascending aorta compared to an age-matched cohort.
people smile in social interactions to convey different types of nonverbal communication.
however , smiling can potentially change the way a person is perceived along different facial dimensions , including perceived age.
it is commonly assumed that smiling faces are perceived as younger than faces carrying a neutral expression.
in the series of experiments reported here , i describe an unintuitive and robust effect in the opposite direction.
across different experimental conditions and stimulus sets , smiling faces were consistently perceived as older compared to neutral face photos of the same persons.
i suggest that this effect is due to observer failure to ignore smile-associated wrinkles , mainly along the region of the eyes.
human and mouse skin accumulate senescent cells in both the epidermis and dermis during aging.
when chronically present , senescent cells are thought to enhance the age-dependent deterioration of the skin during extrinsic and intrinsic aging.
however , when transiently present , senescent cells promote optimal wound healing.
the cumulative effects of cellular senescence and cell loss over time in various tissues and organs are considered major contributing factors to the ageing process.
these effects correlated with cr-mediated increases in sirt1 and decreases in p53 expression levels.
in addition , we show that manipulation of sirt1 levels by either over-expression or sirna-mediated knockdown resulted in delayed and accelerated cellular senescence , respectively.
such findings suggest that young and older adults may differentially access and / or weight different kinds of information in making vividness judgments.
we examined this idea using multivoxel pattern classification of fmri data to measure category representations while participants saw and remembered pictures of objects and scenes.
consistent with our hypothesis , there were age-related differences in how category representations related to the subjective sense of vividness.
during remembering , older adults ' vividness ratings were more related , relative to young adults' , to category representations in prefrontal cortex.
in contrast , young adults ' vividness ratings were more related , relative to older adults , to category representations in parietal cortex.
obesity , whose prevalence is increasing , is associated with poor functional status at older ages.
however , much of this evidence is cross-sectional with little known about longitudinal associations.
data were analyzed using regression models for repeated measures.
mean baseline ws was @number@ cm / s.
associations remained after adjustment for covariates.
in conclusion , obesity is associated with worse motor performances , a higher risk of disability , and faster motor decline.
our results underline the interest of repeated bmi and motor assessments to identify those at higher risk of disability.
background & objective : white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) contribute to aggravation of dementia or geriatric syndrome , thereby resulting in functional impairment.
this study aimed to examine the relationship between the severity of wmhs and los in patients with cognitive impairment.
methods : @number@ older adults with cognitive impairment were enrolled in this study.
we defined los as the total sum of days from @date@ to @date@ .
we conducted multinomial logistic regression to demonstrate the relationship between los and severity of pvwhms , dwhms , and overall wmhs , respectively.
results : the median los was @number@ days.
finally , severity of overall wmhs was independently associated with los , which was similar to the results of dwmhs.
conclusion : these findings would advocate for prevention of wmhs to stave off excess medical resource utilization in patients with cognitive impairment.
numerous observational and intervention-based human studies support the notion of a beneficial role for dietary flavonoids in human health.
despite these studies , it is not yet possible to make dietary recommendations with regard to the types and amounts of flavonoids to be consumed.
a need exists for guidelines that facilitate the design and reporting of flavonoid research.
adoption of this guidance will facilitate more accurate and interpretable research that will support the development of dietary recommendations regarding the intake of flavonoids.
objective : to determine risk and protective factors for mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) among persons @number@ years and older.
models were adjusted for sex and education , with age as the time variable.
conclusions : chronic disease burden increases risk of mci , whereas certain lifestyle factors reduce risk in persons @number@ years and older.
this implies that preventive strategies for mci may need to begin in midlife and should persist throughout late life.
the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of enteral nutrition in dementia.
the prevalence of dementia is predicted to rise worldwide partly due to an aging population.
people with dementia may experience both cognitive and physical complications that impact on their nutritional intake.
malnutrition and weight loss in dementia correlates with cognitive decline and the progress of the disease.
enteral nutrition in dementia has traditionally been discouraged , although further understanding of physical , nutritional and quality of life outcomes are required.
inclusion criteria included the following outcomes : mortality , aspiration pneumonia , pressure sores , nutritional parameters and quality of life.
each study included separate analysis for patients with a diagnosis of dementia and / or neurological disease.
retrospective and prospective observational studies were included.
no differences in mortality were found for patients with dementia , without dementia or other neurological disorders.
risk factors for poor survival included decreased or decreasing serum albumin levels , increasing age or over @number@ years and male gender.
evidence regarding pneumonia was limited , although did not impact on mortality.
no studies explored pressure sores or quality of life.
the development of associative memory during childhood may be influenced by metacognitive factors.
here , one aspect of metamemory function belief in strategy efficacy-was tested for a role in the effective use of encoding strategies.
independent of age , belief ratings identified two factors : \ "deep \ " and \ "shallow \ " encoding strategies.
belief ratings of deep encoding strategies increased with age and , critically , accounted for better associative recognition.
background : several studies have investigated the interaction between motivation and cognition in both young and older adults , but with inconsistent results.
a recent hypothesis suggests exploring the role of dopamine to study this interaction.
methods : @number@ young subjects , @number@ healthy old subjects , and @number@ parkinson's disease ( pd ) patients took part in this study.
the motivational simon task-a new paradigm in which rewards and punishments are delivered to promote fast and accurate responses-was employed.
the participants ' performance was evaluated by analysing their reaction times and accuracy , while employing a diffusion model analysis.
results : the employment of positive and negative feedback significantly modulated performance in a conflict task.
on the contrary , pd patients showed an absence of performance modulation in response to positive and negative feedback.
discussion and conclusions : in normal conditions , motivation interacts with cognitive control to modulate decisional aspects of a response in a conflict task.
the elderly modulate their performance in response to positive and negative feedback differently from young adults , showing a classical positivity effect.
background : this retrospective study documents the proportion of hand clinic patients presenting with palmar fibromatosis with and without contracture.
the percentage of asymptomatic patients with palmar fibromatosis was calculated.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ had palmar fibromatosis.
among all patients , @percent@ of male and @percent@ of female patients had palmar fibromatosis.
only @percent@ had contractures , while @percent@ had palmar fibromatosis without contracture.
among those who had contractures , @percent@ presented with a primary complaint of dupuytren's disease ( symptomatic contracture ) .
prevalence of palmar fibromatosis increased with increasing age.
conclusion : the findings demonstrate that dupuytren's palmar fibromatosis is common and often present without overt contractures.
this study explored effects of the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) on language in aging.
we tested @number@ english-speaking older adults aged 55-84 , free of stroke and dementia.
presence of mets was based on the harmonized criteria ( alberti et al. , @number@ ) .
language performance was assessed by measures of accuracy and reaction time on two tasks of lexical retrieval and two tasks of sentence processing.
reaction time was slightly faster on the test of embedded sentences among those with mets.
mets adversely affects the language performance of older adults , impairing accuracy of both lexical retrieval and sentence processing.
the unanticipated finding that persons with mets were faster in processing embedded sentences may represent an impairment of timing functions among older individuals with mets.
objective : despite improvements in pediatric brain tumor outcomes , the survivors of childhood brain tumor are burdened by multiple comorbidities.
this work reports on the relative survival ratios and excess mortality rate in children with astrocytic tumors over the past four decades.
we incorporated age group and year of diagnosis into the model to estimate these indices for the period of 1973-2010.
results : progressive decline in relative survival ratios was noted over time.
non-white children had lower survival rates than white children , and these survival patterns persisted over the four-decade span of the study.
fifty percent of non-white survivors were deceased @number@ years post diagnosis , compared to @number@ years in white survivors.
objective : to describe the associations between occupational exposures and age at natural menopause in the jinchuan cohort.
our final study population consisted of @number@ postmenopausal women.
the data used for this study were derived from the epidemiological survey and were self-reported.
anm was related to five commonly reported occupational exposures using bivariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regressions.
results : blue-collar workers have significantly earlier mean anm ( @number@ years ) than white-collar workers ( @number@ years ) .
sulfur dioxide exposure was found to be associated with earlier mean anm in blue-collar workers.
blue-collar workers had earlier mean anm than white-collar workers.
sulfur dioxide may be part of the reason that blue-collar workers experience earlier menopause than white-collar workers.
d2 / 3 receptor availability was quantified as binding potential using the simplified reference tissue model.
thalamic reliability was also very good , with var of @percent@ and icc of @number@
test-retest data for cortical areas showed good to moderate reproducibility ( @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
our results are in line with previous test-retest studies of [ ( @number@ ) c ] raclopride binding in the striatum.
we find substantial decoupling of mrna and protein expression levels in aging , but not in development.
these results indicate the potential importance of posttranscriptional regulation in modulating aging-dependent changes in humans and other species.
we modeled the relations between whole-gm sdbold with cognitive performance using multivariate partial least squares analysis.
we found that greater sdbold was associated with better fluid abilities and memory.
aging with intellectual disability has become an important topic in light of the significant increase in life expectancy of this population.
more specifically , the combination of gender , age , and intellectual disability raises unique social issues.
a phenomenological qualitative method was used in this study.
in-depth interviews were conducted with @number@ women with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability.
a meaningful aging process can be constructed within the context of gender and disability.
it was manifested in this study as a disability-neutral experience.
however , ageism and negative attitudes toward old age still need to be addressed.
design : descriptive , reliability study.
setting : university research laboratory.
main outcome measures : three examiners each used two hand placement techniques ( chin and head ) to elicit the horizontal vhit responses.
both the examiner and hand placement orders were counterbalanced to account for order and fatigue effects.
the outcome measures of interest were vhit gain and velocity.
results : a two-way between-subject factorial analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for hand placement technique and gain response.
mean values for vhit gain were higher for head technique.
significant main effects were observed for the velocity response for hand placement technique and age group.
mean velocity values were higher for chin technique and lower velocities were observed in the older age group.
intra- and inter-rater reliability scores were consistent for gain values ; however , poor to fair inter-rater reliability scores were observed for velocity values.
conclusion : it is suggested that clinical sites select one hand placement technique for the measure to provide consistency of protocol.
establishing clinical norms using the one selected method to verify reliability within and across clinicians is suggested before examination with a disordered population.
background : socioeconomic inequalities in mortality can be explained by different groups of risk factors.
however , little is known whether repeated measurement of risk factors can provide better explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in health.
socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were observed.
change in biomedical factors and employment did not amend the explanation.
further comparative research on the relative importance of explanatory pathways assessed over time is needed.
objectives : to assess the reliability and validity of the chinese version of aging perceptions questionnaire ( c-apq ) .
method : participants aged @number@ years and over were recruited from @date@ to @date@ .
the aging perceptions questionnaire was translated into chinese version professionally.
statistical package spss version @number@ and amos @number@ were used for the analysis.
results : the cronbach's α coefficient of the c-apq was @number@
the test-retest reliability was satisfactory , with all intraclass correlation coefficients greater than @number@
the overall content validity index was greater than @number@
at later stages , when clinical symptoms generally occur , nft involve widespread limbic and association cortices.
at this point in the disease , amyloid plaques are also abundantly distributed in the cortex.
results : we now directly test the hypothesis that cortical amyloid acts as an accelerant for spreading of tangles beyond the medial temporal lobe.
down's syndrome ( ds ) is characterized by a complex phenotype associated with chronic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
overexpression of genes on chromosome-21 is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of the major phenotypic features of ds , such as premature aging.
t21f had high sod1 expression and activity which led to an interenzymatic imbalance in the antioxidant defense system , accentuated with replicative senescence.
objective : controversy surrounds appropriate risk factor targets in older adults with diabetes.
we used poisson regression to obtain prevalence ratios ( prs ) .
a higher proportion of whites than blacks met targets , however defined.
results were similar but slightly attenuated using less stringent goals.
further study of determinants of these disparities is important.
however , several studies have shown that there may be a large variability in the gene expression levels of hkgs in various cell types.
the stability in gene expression profiles was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative pcr analysis.
in addition , the novel putative hkgs identified in this study can preferentially be used for normalization of gene expression data obtained from differentiating hpscs.
method : participants were from the nationally representative longitudinal health and retirement study.
a total of @number@ ( n = @number@ ) married and cohabitating couples completed psychosocial and biomeasure assessments in waves @number@ and @number@
analyses examined whether wave @number@ ( @number@ ) relationship quality and stress were associated with changes in blood pressure over time.
results : the effects of stress and negative relationship quality were dyadic and varied by gender.
husbands had increased blood pressure when wives reported greater stress , and this link was exacerbated by negative spousal relationship quality.
negative relationship quality predicted increased blood pressure when both members of the couple reported negative quality relations.
cd4 ( + ) regulatory t cells ( tregs ) are a distinct population of t cells involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens.
several studies have shown increased frequency and number of tregs in the elderly.
whether such an increase has any clinical relevance has not been addressed.
in line with previously published data , we observed higher proportions of tregs in the elderly.
expression of chemokine receptor @number@ ( ccr4 ) by tregs has been shown to characterize antigen-primed activated tregs with immediate suppressive function.
thus we further analyzed tregs expressing or lacking this chemokine receptor.
there were more ccr4 ( + ) and ccr4 ( - ) tregs in the elderly than the young.
objectives : to examine the association between sleep complaints , use of sleep-promoting medications , and persistent severe fatigue ( psf ) .
design : analysis of data from the national health aging trends study.
setting : contiguous united states.
participants : a representative sample of medicare beneficiaries aged @number@ and older.
the outcome of interest was psf ( fatigue that limits daily activities reported at baseline and 12-month follow-up ) .
conclusion : the results indicate greater risk of psf in older adults with difficulty staying asleep and those who use sleep-promoting medications.
these findings underscore the significance of sleep problems and present potential targets for interventional studies that aim to improve fatigue in older adults.
manipulation of the microbiota and microbiome of older adults holds promise as an innovative strategy to influence the development of comorbidities associated with aging.
a multisite quasi-experimental control group design with a connected qualitative component was used.
program sites included three naturally occurring retirement communities ( norcs ) and one senior center.
a baseline questionnaire was used to ascertain demographic characteristics and prior type and amount of contact with older adults.
the image of aging scale and likert-style questions to measure interest in working with older adults were the primary outcome measures.
written responses to program experiences were also collected.
analysis of covariance was used to compare changes in image of aging subscale scores from pre- to posttest.
nine of the @number@ students in the intervention group had a greater interest in working with seniors after the program.
research has suggested that functional abilities are compromised in mci , but the degree of impairment and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
the development of sensitive measures to assess subtle functional decline poses a major challenge for characterizing functional limitations in mci.
these studies highlight the promise of eye-tracking technology as a method to characterize subtle functional decline in mci.
however , to date no studies have examined visual behaviors during completion of naturalistic tasks in mci.
however , since its discovery , rsv has not infrequently been detected in adults.
reinfection occurs throughout life , with more severe disease occurring in older adults , immunocompromised patients , and those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease.
annual attack rates in the usa range from @number@ to @percent@ in community-dwelling older adults and 5-10% in older adults living in congregate settings.
lower respiratory tract disease is common and may result in respiratory failure ( 8-13% ) or death ( 2-5% ) .
at the present time , treatment is supportive.
effective antiviral agents for the treatment and vaccines for prevention of rsv remain a significant unmet medical need in the older adult population.
the guidelines for the management of urticaria in adults and children have been revised and updated recently.
chronic spontaneous urticaria ( csu ) can also be associated with internal , infectious , autoimmune , or neoplastic diseases.
it is therefore necessary to pay particular attention to these clinical issues through appropriate clinical examinations.
non-sedating new-generation antihistamines are the mainstay treatment of csu for the elderly.
similarly , there are no data regarding the actual safety profile of the new-generation antihistamines at higher doses than those recommended in elderly patients.
this study extends this literature by identifying specific executive function deficits underlying past and future thinking in ad.
ad patients showed similar autobiographical performances in past and future event generation , and so did control participants.
in each group , the similarity of past and future thinking was predicted by flexibility.
furthermore , ad patients with low flexibility showed higher similarity of past and future thinking than those with high flexibility.
these findings are interpreted in terms of involvement of the hippocampus and frontal lobes in future thinking.
recently , the inflammation induced after mechanical stress and the subsequent response of ligamentum flavum ( lf ) cells have been implicated in lfh pathology.
objective : to investigate the hypothesis that angiogenesis may be a critical link between hypertrophy and a series of stimulating events , including mechanical stress.
methods : lf from @number@ lumbar spinal canal stenosis ( lscs ) patients and @number@ non-lscs patients ( control group ) were collected during surgery.
patient demographic and radiographic data were obtained.
angiogenesis was also quantified by immunohistochemical detection of cd34-positive capillaries.
the correlations among clinical factors , including radiographic factors , angiogenic factors , and angiogenesis , were statistically analyzed.
results : the lscs group was older and exhibited a longer symptom duration , wider segmental motion , and thicker lf than the control group.
the lscs group showed significantly more cd34-positive capillaries than the control group ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the lscs group showed greater segmental motion , higher vegf concentrations , and more cd34-positive capillaries than the control group.
these data indicate that vegf-mediated angiogenesis following mechanical stress may be a critical step within the series of pathological events in lfh.
design : longitudinal , population-based cohort study.
setting : newcastle and north tyneside , united kingdom.
participants : community-dwelling and institutionalized men and women recruited through general practices ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : mets was defined according to the national cholesterol education program ( ncep ) adult treatment panel iii ( atp iii ) criteria.
results : mets was not associated with cognitive function at baseline or cognitive change over time.
lack of association was not because mets was predictive of subsequent mortality.
validation yielded an auc range of @number@.63-0.64.
age≥75 years alone yielded an auc range of @number@.56-0.57 and identified @percent@ at increased risk in the validation cohort.
this paper is a translated and adjusted version based on a publication in journal of clinical epidemiology , @number@ ( @number@ ) 1121-1130.
backgrounds : different and new approaches have been proposed to prevent the risk of falling of elderly people , particularly women.
cg subjects received a placebo vibratory stimulation.
all subjects were asked not to change their lifestyle during the study.
cg underwent sham vibratory treatment.
results : while cg did not show any statistically significant change of poma at t1 and t2 , vg revealed significant differences.
conclusions : the new protocol seems to be promising in reducing the risk of falling of elderly subjects.
data were obtained from a pharmacy provider for @number@ ltc homes in @number@ and @number@ homes in @number@
olfactory dysfunction can be an early sign of alzheimer's disease.
a total of three olfactory and @number@ neurocognitive tests were administered to @number@ healthy postmenopausal women with varied hrt histories.
serum levels of reproductive hormones were obtained for all subjects ; apoe-ε4 haplotype was determined for @number@ women.
national adult reading test and odor memory / discrimination test scores were positively influenced by hrt.
apoe-ε4 was associated with poorer odor threshold test scores.
these data suggest that hrt positively influences a limited number of olfactory and cognitive measures during menopause.
objective : to test the hypothesis that mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is associated with poorer financial and healthcare decision-making.
design : community-based epidemiological cohort study.
setting : communities throughout northeastern illinois.
participants : older persons without dementia from the rush memory and aging project ( n = @number@ ) .
this allowed for measurement of total decision-making and financial and healthcare decision-making.
regression models were used to examine whether mci was associated with a lower level of decision-making.
the effect of mci on total decision-making was equivalent to the effect of more than @number@ additional years of age.
additional models showed that , when considering multiple cognitive systems , perceptual speed accounted for the most variance in decision-making in participants with mci.
aging is a major risk factor for most chronic diseases.
recent findings : aging has been shown to not only enhance vulnerability to acute liver injury but also increase susceptibility of the fibrotic response.
summary : treatment of older patients with liver disease may require different or longer interventions.
transplantation of an older liver will be less tolerant of subsequent injury.
objective : in this study , we sought to explain the rapid musculoskeletal symptomatology increase in correction officers ( cos ) .
outcomes were regressed on demographics and biomechanical and psychosocial exposures.
results : cos reported significantly higher prevalence and intensity of le symptoms compared to the industrial workers.
in regression models , job tenure was a primary driver of co musculoskeletal outcomes.
manufacturing models were less explanatory.
tenure-related increases in psychosocial exposure levels may help explain the co symptom increase.
in automatic age estimation , privileged information is unavailable to test images.
to overcome this problem , we hypothesize that asymmetric information can be explored and exploited to improve the generalizability of the trained model.
reduced myb expression , previously linked to development of an et-like disease in model systems , associates with rs9376092 in normal myeloid cells.
these findings demonstrate that multiple germline variants predispose to mpn and link constitutional differences in myb expression to disease phenotype.
the effectiveness of nutritional interventions to prevent and maintain cognitive functioning in older adults has been gaining interest due to global population ageing.
studies that reported on the use of nutritional supplementations and / or populations with significant cognitive impairment were excluded.
seventeen eligible studies were included.
evidence supporting an association between higher protein and / or thiamine intakes and better cognitive function is weak.
there was no evidence to support the role of specific protein food sources , such as types of meat , on cognitive function.
some cross-sectional and case-control studies reported better cognition in those with higher dietary thiamine intakes , but the data remains inconclusive.
adequate protein and thiamine intake is more likely associated with achieving a good overall nutritional status which affects cognitive function rather than single nutrients.
the mosquito species aedes albopictus is a major vector of the human diseases dengue and chikungunya.
ae. albopictus is naturally double-infected with two wolbachia strains , walba and walbb.
younger age , smaller tumor size , and fewer baseline comorbidities predict better survival.
impacts of radio- and chemotherapy increased and impact of surgery decreased with more advanced cancer stages.
msm provides more realistic estimates of treatment effects than the ipw approach for time-independent treatment.
dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases , such as inflammatory bowel disease , obesity , cancer , and autism.
this review summarizes and discusses the roles and potential mechanisms of gut bacteria in human health and diseases.
in human lens proteins , advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) originate from the reaction of glycating agents , e.g. , vitamin c and glucose.
ages have been considered to play a significant role in lens aging and cataract formation.
although several ages have been detected in the human lens , the contribution of individual glycating agents to their formation remains unclear.
a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multimethod was developed that allowed us to quantitate @number@ protein modifications in normal and cataractous lenses , respectively.
among the @number@ modifications , ages from the amadori product ( derived from the reaction of glucose and lysine ) and methylglyoxal were dominant.
purpose : to explore the relationship between chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in a representative population of korean diabetic adults.
methods : we analyzed data from the korea national health and nutrition examination surveys ( 2008-2010 ) .
a total of @number@ individuals ( weighted frequency , @number@ ) aged @number@ and over who completed ophthalmologic and renal functional examinations were evaluated.
seven standard photographs from the early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study were obtained from each eye after pharmacological pupil dilatation.
vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy ( vtdr ) was defined as the presence of a clinically significant macular edema ( csme ) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
conclusions : our results show that ckd appears to be associated with dr and vtdr in a korean diabetic population.
in particular , proteinuria , not decreased egfr , is more significantly associated with dr or vtdr.
an increasing concern affecting a growing aging population is working memory ( wm ) decline.
consequently , there is great interest in improving or stabilizing wm , which drives expanded use of brain training exercises.
such regimens generally result in temporary wm benefits to the trained tasks but minimal transfer of benefit to untrained tasks.
pairing training with neurostimulation may stabilize or improve wm performance by enhancing plasticity and strengthening wm-related cortical networks.
we tested this possibility in healthy older adults.
after ten minutes of sham or active tdcs , participants performed verbal and visual wm training tasks.
the results demonstrated that all groups benefited from wm training , as expected.
however , at follow-up 1-month after training ended , only the participants in the active tdcs groups maintained significant improvement.
importantly , this pattern was observed for both trained and transfer tasks.
these results demonstrate that tdcs-linked wm training can provide long-term benefits in maintaining cognitive training benefits and extending them to untrained tasks.
background : understanding how urbanisation and rural-urban migration influence risk-factors for non-communicable disease ( ncd ) is crucial for developing effective preventative strategies globally.
methods : study participants were @number@ adults within the who study on global ageing and adult health ( sage ) , surveyed 2007-2010.
fully adjusted models included income quintile , marital status and education.
conclusion : migrants and urban dwellers had similar ncd risk-factor profiles.
these were not consistently worse than those seen in rural dwellers.
family caregiving towards the end-of-life entails considerable emotional , social , financial and physical costs for caregivers.
evidence suggests that good support can improve caregiver psychological outcomes.
a stepped wedge design was used to trial the csnat intervention in three bases of silver chain hospice care in western australia , 2012-14.
the intervention consisted of at least two visits from nurses ( 2-3 weeks apart ) to identify , review and address caregivers ' needs.
total recruitment was @number@
despite the challenges at the clinician , organisational and trial levels , the csnat intervention led to an improvement in caregiver strain.
social participation is a criterion for successful aging.
research has shown that social participation decreases in older adults.
using the social participation questionnaire , the relationship between social support and social participation was investigated in @number@ iranian older adults.
a correlation was found between social support and social participation of older adults.
older adult women were found to have less social support and social participation compared with men.
a contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes @number@ minutes of an organized learning activity.
this is a learner-based activity.
villanova university college of nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz.
a contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register , pay the registration fee , and complete the evaluation form online at @url@
to obtain contact hours you must : @number@
be sure to keep track of the amount of time ( number of minutes ) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz.
@number@
read and answer each question on the quiz.
after completing all of the questions , compare your answers to those provided within this issue.
if you have incorrect answers , return to the article for further study.
@number@
go to the villanova website listed above to register for contact hour credit.
once you complete the online evaluation , a certificate will be automatically generated.
this activity is valid for continuing education credit until @date@ .
contact hours this activity is co-provided by villanova university college of nursing and slack incorporated.
villanova university college of nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the american nurses credentialing center's commission on accreditation.
activity objective @number@
identify strategies and barriers for the recruitment and retention of older adults of racial and ethnic minorities in cognitive aging research.
disclosure statement neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.
the numbers of hispanic and african american older adults in the united states are expected to increase by @percent@ and more than @percent@ , respectively.
the current article explores strategies to improve participation in cognitive aging research by older adults , particularly minority older adults.
the cultural aspects of cognitive aging are examined , especially the role of stigma and stereotype threat.
the perceptions of cognitive aging of african american and hispanic older adults are also described.
specific strategies are presented that have been successfully implemented to improve recruitment and retention in research targeting minority older adults.
purpose : postvertebral augmentation vertebral compression fractures are common ; repeated vertebral augmentation is usually performed for prompt pain relief.
this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of repeat vertebral augmentation.
all patients who received vertebral augmentation for vertebral compression fractures were evaluated.
the collected data included patient characteristics ( demographics , comorbidities , and medication exposure ) and repeat vertebral augmentation.
kaplan-meier and stratified cox proportional hazard regressions were performed for analyses.
results : the overall incidence of repeat vertebral augmentation was @percent@ during the follow-up until @number@
conclusion : we conclude that the incidence of repeat vertebral augmentation is rather high.
an understanding of risk factors predicting repeat vertebral augmentation provides valuable basis to improve health care for geriatric populations.
the degree of writing disability and personal , spatial , and temporal orientation was compared in these two groups.
the initial cognition test was designated pq1.
the patients were examined on tests of letter-writing ability.
directly after the letter-writing , the list of @number@ questions presented in pq1 was presented again in a repeated procedure that was designated pq2.
the difference between these two measures ( pq1 - pq2 ) was designated dδ.
this test of letter-writing ability and cognitive performance was administered over @number@ days.
conclusion : our method can be used as part of neuropsychological tests to differentiate the diagnosis between ad and dlb.
background : dementia caregiving is often associated with increase in depressive symptoms and strained relationships.
the focus is on enhancing the competent use of coping skills via ba.
the program is delivered by telephone to increase accessibility and sustainability for caregivers.
senior citizens are trained as paraprofessionals to deliver the ba module to increase the potential for sustainability of the program.
methods and subjects : the study compared two telephone interventions using a 4-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial.
for the first @number@ weeks , all participants received the same psychoeducation program via telephone.
then for the following @number@ months , eight biweekly telephone follow-up calls were carried out.
for these eight follow-up calls , participants were randomized into either one of the two following groups with different conditions.
for the psychoeducation only ( psyed only ) group , participants received eight biweekly sessions of general discussion of psychoeducation and related information.
results : as compared to the group with psychoeducation and discussion , the group with enhanced ba had decreased levels of depressive symptoms.
the study had a low attrition rate.
conclusion : results suggested that competence-based training could be effectively administered through the telephone with the help of senior citizens trained and engaged as paraprofessionals.
results contribute to the present literature by offering some framework for developing effective , accessible , sustainable , and less costly interventions.
objective : sarcopenic obesity ( so ) is associated with poorer physical outcomes and functional status in the older adult.
a proinflammatory milieu associated with central obesity is postulated to enhance muscle catabolism.
methods : a total of @number@ community dwelling , well , older adults were recruited.
cross-sectional clinical data , physical performance , and muscle mass measurements were collected.
obesity and sarcopenia were defined using revised national cholesterol education program ( ncep ) obesity guidelines and those of the asian working group for sarcopenia.
serum levels of mcp-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
results : in all , @percent@ of subjects were normal , @percent@ sarcopenic , @percent@ obese , and @percent@ were so.
the mcp-1 levels were significantly different , with the highest levels found in so participants ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : significantly raised mcp-1 levels in obese and so subjects support the theory of chronic inflammation due to excess adiposity.
background : inadequate oxygenation may cause lesions and brain atrophy during aging.
studies show a positive association between pulmonary function and the cognitive performance of individuals from middle age on.
design : this was a randomized and controlled trial with three parallel groups.
results : no differences were observed for any of the blood parameters.
aerobic exercise and respiratory training were effective in improving the pulmonary parameters.
better cognitive performance was observed for the breathing group as regards abstraction and mental flexibility.
the walking group remained stable in the cognitive performance of most of the tests , except attention.
the control group presented worst performance in mental manipulation of information , abstraction , mental flexibility , and attention.
conclusion : our results showed that both the walking and breathing groups presented improvement of pulmonary function.
however , only the breathing group showed improved cognitive function ( abstraction , mental flexibility ) .
the improvement in cognitive functions cannot be explained by blood parameters , such as spo2 , erythrocytes , hemoglobin , and hematocrit.
brazil has an aging population , with an associated increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases.
postmenopausal osteoporosis is of particular concern because it leads to an increased risk of fractures , with subsequent negative impacts on health in older women.
smoking and alcohol use should also be addressed.
special attention should be given to interventions to reduce the risk of falls , especially among older women.
calcium intake should be encouraged , preferably through diet.
for women diagnosed with osteoporosis , some form of pharmacologic therapy should be initiated.
compliance with treatment should be monitored , and the treatment period should be individualized for each patient.
the regulatory process places a significant importance on japanese data collection regardless of data accumulation from other countries.
such a regulatory system has caused more than several years of approval delays compared to delays in other countries.
the problems surrounding pharmaceuticals are related to centralized , strict drug pricing control under the universal health coverage.
background : sports-associated sudden cardiac arrests ( scas ) occur mostly during middle age.
we sought to determine the burden , characteristics , and outcomes of sca during sports among middle-aged residents of a large us community.
survival to hospital discharge was higher for sports-associated sca ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ; p = 0.04 ) .
determining the risk of atrial fibrillation within the hypertensive population without ischemic vascular disease would aid in decision making on preventive approaches.
accordingly , we aimed to estimate the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in this population.
we included @number@ @number@ hypertensive patients , aged ≥55 years at the time of study entry.
individuals with previous atrial fibrillation , ischemic heart disease , stroke , and peripheral artery disease were excluded.
atrial fibrillation incidence was @number@ per @number@ person-years ( @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ @date@ ) .
the final model included age , weight , total cholesterol , heart failure , valvular heart disease , and antihypertensive treatment.
its concordance index ( standard error ) was @number@ ( @number@ ) and @number@ ( @number@ ) in the derivation and validation datasets , respectively.
the tool may help tailor individualized diagnostic and preventive care decisions.
this paper aims to review the state of knowledge on the biomolecular relationship between cellular senescence , ageing and cancer.
micrornas are emerging as pivotal players linking ageing and cancer.
micro-rna therapies for cancer are already being tested in clinical phase trials.
four main longevity indicators were calculated.
pearson's r and distributed lags time series analysis between longevity indicators and gdppc were conducted.
the distributions of the population over the age of @number@ and life expectancy are significantly affected by both contemporaneous and historical gdppc at provincial level.
conclusion : our results indicate a mixed distribution pattern of several longevity indexes and different relation to gdppc.
methods : the sample was @number@ dental panoramic radiographs of dental patients aged 3-16.
deciduous mandibular canine and molar roots were staged into levels of resorption ( one quarter , one half and three quarters ) .
reliability of root fractions was assessed using @number@ duplicate readings and calculated using kappa.
age was estimated using moorrees et al.
accuracy was defined as a difference not significant to zero ( p < 0.05 ) .
results : results show that assessment of levels of root resorption was excellent ( kappa @number@.88-0.94 ) .
some root fractions of molars estimated age accurately ; however , the standard deviation was more than @number@ years.
conclusion : fractions of deciduous root resorption can help to predict age.
the point of departure of this editorial is the fact that we all are engaged in self-rationing in our everyday lives.
we would like to spend more money on all sorts of nice things and devote more time to our cherished activities.
imposed rationing is characteristic of wartime governments , who seek to prevent the rich from gobbling up the resources left by the army.
while rationing has also been addressed by health economists , there are three puzzling observations.
third , they accept government-imposed rationing as inevitable in the case of health care , as though the self-rationing alternative was unavailable.
an attempt is made here to provide rational explanations for these puzzles.
hiv-infected patients present lower bmd than non-hiv infected individuals and a higher prevalence of osteopenia / osteoporosis.
in antiretroviral treatment ( art ) -naive patients , encoded hiv proteins represent pathogenic candidates.
they are released by infected cells within bm and can impact on neighbouring cells.
the antioxidant molecule n-acetyl- cysteine had no or minimal effects on tat- or nef-induced senescence.
tat but not nef induced an early increase in nf-κb activity and cytokine / chemokine secretion.
tat-induced effects were prevented by the nf-κb inhibitor parthenolide , indicating that tat triggered senescence via nf-κb activation leading to oxidative stress.
otherwise , nef- but not tat-treated cells displayed early inhibition of autophagy.
rapamycin , an autophagy inducer , reversed nef-induced senescence and oxidative stress.
moreover , tat + nef had cumulative effects.
finally , tat and / or nef decreased the msc potential of osteoblastic differentiation.
these results offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of decreased bmd in hiv-infected patients.
introduction : chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
approximately @percent@ of the smoking sample was former-smokers.
the development of age-related cataract ( arc ) is associated with dna damage of the lens epithelial cells ( lecs ) .
the expression levels of dna repair genes were evaluated by microarray analysis.
the results were further confirmed by qrt-pcr.
dna methylation of genes with altered expression was determined by bisulfite-specific ( bsp ) pcr.
the promoter region of the mgmt gene was hypermethylated in arc tissue compared to controls.
the data provide evidence that altered expression of dna repair genes is associated with pathogenesis of arc.
dna methylation of mgmt may regulate the expression of the gene and be involved in the development of arc.
objective : to examine whether a set of well-known predictors of mortality in younger elderly also maintain their importance in chinese oldest old group.
design : a cross-sectional study of @number@ inhabitants aged @number@ and older were conducted in the area of dujiangyan , china.
@number@ subjects participated and were followed up for vital status after @number@ months.
professional interviewers collected baseline data concerning socio-demographic characteristics , lifestyle habits , physical factors and geriatric assessment.
bivariate analysis was conducted between survivors and deceased.
cox regression models were used to evaluate predictors of mortality.
results : four hundred and thirty-six ( @percent@ ) of @number@ participants eligible for the analysis died during the @number@ months of follow-up period.
older age , comorbidity , lower mmse score , lower adl and iadl scores increased the risk of mortality in the study group.
aging is associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory challenge.
however , the effects of altered inflammatory response on the metabolic status of tissues or organs are not well documented.
this lipid accumulation in the liver was due to the dysregulation of pparα and srebp1c.
we also observed severe liver inflammation in aged rats as indicated by increased alt levels in serum and increased kupffer cells in the liver.
importantly , among many inflammation-associated factors , the aged rat liver showed chronically increased il-1β production.
increased levels of il-1β were caused by the upregulation of caspase-1 activity and inflammasome activation.
in vitro studies with hepg2 cells demonstrated that treatment with il-1β significantly induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through the regulation of pparα and srebp1c.
aged individuals ' declining ability to regulate gc levels may therefore impair their ability to cope with stress , as found in humans.
aged individuals were expected to exhibit elevated fgcm levels under energetically demanding conditions.
the age effect was significantly stronger in females , the longer-lived sex.
body mass of males but not females correlated positively with fgcm in the dry season.
age or body mass did not influence fgcm significantly in the rainy season.
the sex- and season-specific predictors of fgcm may reflect the differential investment of males and females into reproduction and longevity.
a review of prior research indicates contradictory aging patterns in gc regulation across and even within species.
the context of sampling may influence the likelihood of detecting senescent declines in gc functioning.
angular momentum of the body is a highly controlled quantity signifying stability , therefore , it is essential to understand its regulation during stair descent.
women produce higher normalized grf ( p = .031 ) during the double support phase.
the angular momentum changes show largest backward regulation for step @number@ and forward regulation for step @number@
this greater difference in overall change in the angular momentum in women may explain their increased risk of fall over the stairs.
changes in the abundance and post-translational modification of proteins and accumulation of some covalently modified proteins have been proposed to represent hallmarks of biological ageing.
background : the \ "optimal \ " extent of myocardial revascularization remains to be determined.
results : a total of @number@ studies were identified , including @number@ patients with @number@ ± @number@ years of follow-up.
the proportion of white matter in the brain has increased during evolution , and white matter comprises approximately half of the human brain.
its macroscopic as well as microscopic structures change during development , aging , and disease progression as well as following physical or mental training.
examples from multiple ischemic lesions caused by different disease processes affecting the cerebral arteries are presented for comparison.
such \ "thinking inside of the brain \ " may further expand our understanding of the brain to improve our clinical interpretations and treatments.
clinical symptoms and signs are important keys to detect cortical lesions of neurological disorders.
each disease presents with characteristic cortical lesions and distributions of abnormal inclusions.
in the cerebral cortices , neuronal and glial inclusions consist of abnormally aggregated proteins , such as tau or tdp-43 , which are disease-specific.
however , neurological disorders span across a wide spectrum and individual variations exist in within populations of the same disease.
therefore , knowledge about disease-specific pathologies may provide useful guidelines for differential diagnosis of cortical lesions occurring in neurological diseases.
in this study , housing satisfaction was considered to be an indicator of quality of life.
among the significant variables , health status was revealed to be the strongest factor in housing satisfaction.
housing satisfaction was discussed as potential indicators of quality of life.
aging products were analyzed by gc-ms.
structure determination of the products was performed by support of chemical ionization ms in positive and negative modes.
a fraction of the discovered compounds belongs to the group of fluorophosphates ( phosphorofluoridates ) which are in suspect of potential toxicity.
this is well known for relative derivatives , e.g. diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
another fraction of the identified compounds belongs to the group of trialkyl phosphates.
these compounds may provide a positive impact on the thermal and electrochemical performance of li-based batteries as repeatedly described in the literature.
this paper examines three possible justifications for original acmg recommendations to return incidental findings from whole exome or genome sequencing independent of patient preferences.
the third , grounded in analogous professional practices , might serve as a potential justification if several controversies can be avoided.
introduction : the relationship between fiber size and myonuclear content is poorly understood.
results : when comparing fibers of similar size , no effect of training or age was found for myonuclear domain.
a higher proportion of type ii fibers < 3 , 000 µm ( @number@ ) was observed in the old subjects.
conclusions : these findings suggest that age-related reductions in myonuclear domain size could be explained by the greater proportion of small fibers.
the data also highlight the usefulness of determining fiber-size-based clusters for gaining mechanistic insight into the relationship between skeletal muscle fiber size and myonuclear content.
telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be central to the cellular aging process.
the present study examined the association between mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) copy number and telomere length in a sample of medically healthy adults.
telomere length and mtdna copy number were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
with the aging us population , demographic shifts , and obesity epidemic , there is potential for further exacerbation of the current liver donor shortage.
we aimed to project the availability of liver grafts in the united states.
the projected adult population growth in the united states from @number@ to @number@ will be @percent@.
however , we project that there will be a @percent@ increase in the number of used liver grafts.
there is marked regional heterogeneity in liver donor growth.
overall population growth will outpace the growth of available donor organs and thus potentially exacerbate the existing liver graft shortage.
the projected growth in organs is highly heterogeneous across different united network for organ sharing regions.
focused strategies to increase the liver donor pool are warranted.
menopause is a relevant phase in a woman's reproductive life.
accurate estimation of the time of menopause could improve the preventive management of women's health.
reproductive hormones reflect the activity of follicle pools and provide information about ovarian aging.
anti-mu llerian hormone ( amh ) is secreted from small antral follicles and its level is correlated to the ovarian reserve.
amh declines with age , and data suggest that it can provide information on menopausal age and reproductive lifespan.
serum amh levels become low approximately @number@ years before the final menstrual period and are undetectable in postmenopausal women.
amh is an independent predictor of time to menopause.
amh coupled with age for menopause prediction provides stronger information than using age alone.
methods : thirty male sd rats were randomly and equally divided into control , model , and ea groups.
serum total testosterone ( tt ) and free testosterone ( ft ) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and its sulfate ester ( dheas ) are the most abundant steroids in humans , but their levels fall with age.
this decrease has been associated with several age related diseases such as falls , osteoporosis , depression , atherosclerosis and sexual disorders.
moreover , studies have shown positive effects of dhea administration on several of these disorders , with a satisfying safety profile.
longer studies in large populations should help to better define indications , treatment modalities and long-term treatment safety.
there is unequivocal evidence that alpha-synuclein plays a pivotal pathophysiological role in neurodegenerative diseases , and in particular in synucleinopathies.
these disorders present with a variable extent of cognitive impairment and alpha-synuclein is being explored as a biomarker in csf , blood serum and plasma.
to explore this hypothesis , we developed a highly specific elisa to measure alpha-synuclein.
in healthy males plasma alpha-synuclein levels correlated strongly with age , revealing much lower concentrations in older ( avg.
@number@ years ) compared to younger ( avg.
@number@ years ) individuals.
thus , alpha-synuclein may be a novel biomarker of aging , a factor that should be considered when analyzing its presence in biological specimens.
objective : the precuneus is @number@ of the major cortical hubs and plays an important role in normal aging and verbal fluency processing.
conclusion : spontaneous activity in the precuneus could predict individual differences in verbal fluency processing.
however , studies using stable ca isotopes have found that dietary protein increases ca absorption without increasing bone resorption.
design : this was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of protein supplementation daily for @number@ months.
setting : the study was conducted at two institutional research centers.
intervention : subjects were asked to incorporate either a 45-g whey protein or isocaloric maltodextrin supplement into their usual diet for @number@ months.
results : there were no significant differences between groups for changes in l-spine bmd ( primary outcome ) or the other skeletal sites of interest.
truncal lean mass was significantly higher in the protein group at @number@ months ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate at @number@ months.
background : under-eye bags are a common manifestation of age and a frequent complaint among patients who no longer feel youthful.
non-invasive topical agents are largely ineffective at reducing their appearance.
objective : we studied the ability of a topical serum containing epidermal growth factor ( egf ) to minimize the appearance of under-eye bags.
methods : a single-center clinical trial was performed on eighteen volunteer male and female patients with under-eye bags.
subjects applied egf serum to the infraorbital area twice daily for @number@ weeks.
at each visit , subjects were evaluated using clinical photography and written self-assessment.
at the trial's end , patients shared their final evaluation and perception of results with a questionnaire.
results : sixteen subjects completed the trial.
a reduction in average iga score was also significant ( p < @number@ ) .
average initial iga was @number@ ( sem = @number@ ) and average final iga was @number@ ( sem = @number@ ) .
all but two subjects reported improvement at the final visit.
improvement was quantified as 76-100% by two subjects , 50-75% by three subjects , and 25-49% by nine subjects.
eleven subjects classified their under-eye bags as milder at the end of the trial compared to the first visit.
seven subjects reported greater satisfaction with their overall facial appearance.
conclusion : our results offer evidence that topical egf can reduce the appearance of under-eye bags.
background : chronic exposure to the sun causes the skin to prematurely age.
photodamaged skin is characterized by progressive damage to the dermal extracellular matrix with loss of collagen and degradation of elastin.
clinical manifestations of such photoaged or photodamaged skin include wrinkles and irregular pigmentation.
various cosmetic treatments including topical retinoids , growth factors , and skin lighteners have shown some benefit.
salts of copper chlorophyllin complex are semi-synthetic naturally derived compounds with anti-oxidant and wound healing activity that has not been previously tested in photodamaged skin.
clinical assessments were performed at screening / baseline and at week @number@
standardized digital photographs were taken and self-assessment questionnaires were conducted.
results : ten subjects completed the 8-week study.
all clinical efficacy parameters showed statistically significant improvements over baseline at week @number@
the study product was well tolerated.
subject questionnaires showed the test product was highly rated.
introduction : first impressions are lasting , consequential and defined as the immediate judgment made of another from zero acquaintance.
multiple studies have reported the benefits of cosmetic make-up.
we set out to investigate the psychosocial and aesthetic effects of cosmetic make-up in order to better understand why women wear it.
materials and methods : twenty-seven women were recruited in order to examine the effects of cosmetic make-up on first impressions.
subjects wearing cosmetic make-up appeared @number@ years younger than those wearing no make-up.
and the control cosmetic make-up subjects on average projected a @percent@ better first impression than subjects wearing no make-up.
we objectively quantified and qualified the benefits of applying cosmetic make-up.
make-up can reduce the perceived age , improve the first impression projected and increase the self-esteem of those who apply it.
evaluation at day @number@ included standardized photographs and patient and investigator assessments.
post evaluation , xeo was administered at @number@ intramuscular injection sites with equal aliquots of @number@ units per @number@ ml.
photographs and assessments were repeated at days @number@ and @number@
results : response to treatment was defined as a @number@ or more point improvement in patient and investigator assessments.
at day @number@ @percent@ ( n = @number@ @number@ c. @date@ @number@ @number@ p < @number@ ) responded to treatment.
at day @number@ @percent@ ( n = 20 ; @percent@ c. @date@ @number@ @number@ p = @number@ ) responded to treatment.
the safety profile was similar to previously reported trials with bonta.
conclusion : the efficacy and safety of xeo among patients with skin types iv to vi is similar to that among persons with fairer skin.
worldwide air pollution is a major health concern.
there is accumulating scientific evidence that air pollution plays an important role in extrinsic aging.
this article invites the reader to consider pollution as a possible emerging etiologic agent for the development of melasma.
pollution may be a risk factor for melasma and other facial pigmentary dyschromias.
the pm increases the amount of ros that triggers the increase of metalloproteinases that leads to extrinsic aging , which includes skin pigmentation.
interestingly , these are also geographic regions with very heavy pollution.
india , south east asia , china , and united states lead the world in air pollution.
yet , this turning point was predicted a decade ago.
but what will cause human death , when aging will be abolished ?
previous studies have suggested that parental criticism leads to more somatic symptoms in adolescent children.
as such , it is impossible to understand the mechanisms that underlie this association.
findings showed that environmental influences account for the association between parental criticism and adolescent somatic symptoms.
this suggests that parents ' critical behaviors exert a direct environmental effect on somatic symptoms in adolescent children.
results support the use of intervention programs focused on parental criticism to help reduce adolescents ' somatic symptoms.
aim : sense of autonomy - the possibility to choose and decide - is one of the markers of positive and active aging.
results : as a result of an exploratory and confirmation factor analysis a one-factor tool with five items was built.
reliability coefficients of the scale measured with the internal consistency method and test-retest were ≥ @number@
negative correlations were found for negative emotions.
conclusions : the obtained results indicated very high reliability and accuracy for the polish adaptation of the spa.
the tool can be used as a predictor and / or indicator of successful aging and life quality of seniors.
verbal information is better retained when it is self-generated rather than when it is received passively.
the application of self-generation procedures has been found to improve memory in healthy elderly and in individuals with impaired cognition.
overall , the available studies support the notion that active participation in verbal encoding engages memory mechanisms that supplement those used during passive observation.
after fmri , recognition memory for the second word in each pair was evaluated outside of the scanner.
independent component analysis of fmri data identified task-related brain networks.
overall , memory performance on generated words decreased with age , but the benefit from self-generation remained consistently significant across ages.
this is also well replicated in animal studies where aging females are shown to have more extensive brain tissue loss as compared to adult females.
this review discusses key astrocytic responses to ischemia including , reactive gliosis , excitotoxicity , and neuroinflammation.
in light of the age and sex differences in stroke outcomes , this review highlights how aging and gonadal hormones influence these responses.
introduction : the aging population and the growing use of technology are two realities of modern society.
developing tools to support medication self-management to polymedicated elderly may contribute to increase their safety.
patients and methods : seven focal groups with @number@ patients from associations and health departments were conducted.
in such meetings , they received the applications and they were encouraged to use it.
then , a several group questions were asked them about their health status , how they managed their medication and their assessment about the applications.
results : most participants reported to use memory strategies to take correctly their medication.
they assessed positively the applications although some of them showed resistance to incorporate it in their daily routine.
the simple interface and ease of use were the characteristics of the applications most appreciated by patients.
when designing health applications is necessary to take into account the preferences of those who are targeted.
in multicellular organisms the proper system functionality is ensured by the balance between cell division , differentiation , senescence and death.
this balance is changed during aging.
immunosenescence plays a crucial role in aging and leads to the shrinkage of t cell repertoire and the propensity to apoptosis.
the elimination of expanded t cells at the end of immune response is crucial to maintain homeostasis and avoid any uncontrolled inflammation.
however , data collected so far are inconsistent and does not support this assumption.
the harvard aging brain study is sharing its data with the global research community.
to promote more extensive analyses , imaging data was designed to be compatible with other publicly available datasets.
a cloud-based system enables access to interested researchers with blinded data available contingent upon completion of a data usage agreement and administrative approval.
data collection is ongoing and currently in its fifth year.
concentration of endogenous dipeptide carnosine in human muscle tissue reaches tens of millimoles.
heire , effect of carnosine in cell cultures was studied.
the intrinsic aging process of the skin in unavoidable and depends on the passage of time per se.
photoaging is directly correlated to the quantity of uv rays received during the course of a lifetime.
topical photodynamic therapy is well-established procedure for the treatment of actinic keratoses , bowen disease and basal cell carcinomas.
photodynamic therapy is promising approach for treatment ofphotoinduced skin aging and takes place between ablative and non-ablative methods for skin rejuvenation.
effective improvement of photoaged skin , the possibility of repeated treatments and imitated side effects makes photodynamic therapy a promising procedure for skin rejuvenation.
objective : to investigate the effects of mesterolone on prostate in patients treated for aging male syndrome.
they were given mesterolone @number@ mg / day per oral for two months.
the change , however , was not statistically significant ( p < 0.098 ) .
mesterolone significantly improved aging male symptoms , international prostate symptom and prostate-related quality of life scores ( p < 0.001 ) .
these improvements though significant were independent of the changes in prostate volume.
it also improved lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate-related quality of life.
our findings indicate that hs3st2 centrally participates to the molecular mechanisms leading the abnormal phosphorylation of tau.
we propose hs3st2 as a novel therapeutic target for alzheimer's disease.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a constellation of cardiometabolic abnormalities that commonly occur together and increase risk for cardiovascular disease and type ii diabetes.
having mets , especially during middle-age , increases the risk for dementia in later life.
altered processing of food reward in the brain of obese individuals has been suggested to be a possible mechanism related to overeating.
participants with higher bmi had greater hypothalamic response during pleasantness evaluation of sucrose in the sated condition.
there is strong evidence demonstrating age-related differences in the acceptability of foods and beverages.
this novel work provides a foundation for understanding the underlying neural bases for differences in food acceptability between age groups.
adolescence and old age are unique periods of the lifespan characterized by differential sensitivity to the effects of alcohol.
adolescents and the elderly appear to be more vulnerable to many of alcohol's physiological and behavioral effects compared to adults.
specifically , previous research has shown adolescents to be more , less , and similarly sensitive to alcohol-induced cognitive deficits compared to adults.
these equivocal findings suggest that learning acquisition may be differentially affected by ethanol compared to memory , or that ethanol-induced cognitive deficits are task-dependent.
older rodents appear to be particularly vulnerable to the motor- and cognitive-impairing effects of acute alcohol relative to younger adults.
unfortunately , diagnostic measures and treatment options for alcohol dependence are rarely dedicated to adolescent and aging populations.
using brain magnetic resonance imaging , volume of wmh was measured @number@ times in an average of @number@ months apart.
after the second magnetic resonance imaging , occurrence of death was recorded during @number@ years of follow-up.
conversely , deep cortical wmh was only associated with cardiovascular mortality ( @number@.92-fold , @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
accelerated progression of wmh is linked with mortality risk in old age.
progression of periventricular wmh associates with noncardiovascular mortality , whereas progression of deep cortical wmh associates with cardiovascular mortality.
method : sample included @number@ community-dwelling elders ( @number@ women ; m age = @number@ years , sd = @number@ ) .
results : from exploratory factor analysis , two factors emerged , existential beliefs and perceived control , explaining @number@ % of the total variance.
both factors were positively related with meaning in life and life satisfaction and negatively related with depression ( p < @number@ ) .
the values obtained for internal consistency for the total scale and for each subscale were good ( α > @number@ ) .
conclusion : the portuguese version of positive vol scale represents a reliable and valid measure to capture the subjective experience of attachment to one's life.
future research is required to investigate vol predictors and the potential changes toward the end of the life span.
hearing impairment ( hi ) is prevalent , is modifiable , and has been associated with cognitive decline.
three cognitive tests were administered in 1990-1992 , 1996-1998 , and @number@ and a full neuropsychological battery was administered in @number@
hearing thresholds for pure tone frequencies of @number@.5-4 khz were averaged to obtain a pure tone average in the better-hearing ear.
estimated declines were greatest in participants who did not wear a hearing aid.
we , the co-authors , are from two different disciplines , namely renaissance and medieval literature , and social work and critical gerontology.
this study explored the sexual subjectivities of older australian women.
in this article we present findings from @number@ qualitative interviews with australian women aged 55-81 who were single at the time of interview.
we found that these women's sexual desire and sexual activity were fluid and diverse across their life course.
our findings indicate that these women's sexual subjectivities were shaped by dominant norms of ageing , sex , and gender.
at the same time , older women are challenging and resisting these norms , and beginning to renegotiate sexuality in later life.
the bodily experience of patients near end of life has been presented within sociological literature as largely undifferentiated.
the attempt of this paper is to overcome this gap by exploring how gender intersects with the loss of bodily autonomy experienced by hospice patients.
the study was conducted in two in-patient hospice units located near lisbon , the capital of portugal.
a total of ten terminally ill patients were interviewed , along with twenty family members and twenty members of hospice staff.
for the men in this study loss of bodily autonomy was a very dramatic experience as it contravened masculine norms.
this reflected feminine traits.
findings suggested that the loss of bodily autonomy is gendered in the sense that men and women experience it in dissimilar ways.
the study is a qualitative one , conducted on the basis of in-depth , semi-structured interviews with the mothers.
the data were analyzed using constant comparisons.
this paper presents the findings of a study that explored client engagement practice within a large australian service provider.
four major themes were identified.
reductionist assumptions contributed to routinized , task-based approaches to care , resulting in what careworkers termed \ "assembly line care. \ "
insufficient time and emphasis on the relational dimensions of care made it difficult to \ "treat residents as human beings. \ "
accountability , enacted as counting and documenting , led to an \ "avalanche of paperwork \ " that took time away from care.
finally , hierarchies of knowledge contributed to systemic exclusions and the perception that \ "careworkers ' don't have a voice. \ "
careworkers reported distress as a result of the tensions between the organization of work and the needs of relational care.
in this paper we draw attention to the positive and negative effects of a general imperative to contribute.
japan leads the global race for solutions to the increasing long-term care demand from an ageing population.
furthermore , more evaluation is required to obtain evidence to support financial feasibility and sustainability.
we conducted a qualitative interview study with people of different professions working with lonely elderly people.
the rationale of the study was to examine how these respondents explain loneliness among the elderly.
the present article focuses on the social explanations , i.e. explanations that identify causes of loneliness in the structure of modern society.
loneliness among the elderly is explained by the lack of gemeinschaft and its characteristics in contemporary society.
we summarized this view under the label the \ "lost gemeinschaft \ ".
floaters and flashes are most commonly symptoms of age-related degenerative changes in the vitreous body and posterior vitreous detachment.
the etiology and pathogenesis of floaters ' formation is still not well understood.
indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral indentation is needed in order to find possible retinal break ( s ) , on-time treatment and prevention of retinal detachment.
women generally spend the last third of their lifetime in menopause , after their reproductive years have ended.
during menopause , women experience a variety of predictable symptoms and conditions related to changes in sex hormone levels and aging.
the menopausal transition precedes menopause by several years and is usually characterized by irregularity of the menstrual cycle and by hot flashes and night sweats.
disruption of the short range order of proteins present in the ocular lens leads to cataract resulting in a loss of transparency.
human γ-crystallin ( hgc ) , a water soluble protein present in the lens is known to aggregate with aging.
the extent of oxidized trp ( n-formyl kynurenine ) in hgc due to cataract formation was determined , primarily using fluorescence spectroscopy.
the ability of ( - ) -epigallocatechin gallate ( egcg ) to retain its antioxidant effect even in the presence of h2o2 was investigated.
this was monitored by its ability to prevent the modification of intact trp residues in hgc ( c ) isolated from cataractous human eye lens.
significant trp fluorescence quenching occurs on interaction of the green tea component , egcg with hgc ( c ) accompanied by a red shift.
docking studies were employed to substantiate the experimental results.
objective : to determine whether leptin is related to all-cause and cardiovascular ( cv ) mortality in older adults.
we also determined whether leptin predicted mortality in patients with obesity.
sex-specific proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of leptin on all-cause and cv mortality.
conclusion : elevated leptin level is predictive of cv mortality only in men.
leptin may provide additional mortality discrimination in obese men.
however , few studies have investigated the epidemiology and progression time from transient to permanent psychiatric disorders for aipd and sipd patients.
the mean progression time of psychotic or affective transformation was @number@ to @number@ years.
unlabelled : the expression of claudin-4 , a protein involved in tight junction complexes , is widely dysregulated in epithelial malignancies.
a noncytotoxic c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin ( ccpe ) is a natural ligand for claudin-4.
here , we demonstrate whole-body quantitative spect imaging of preneoplastic breast cancer tissue using ( @number@ ) in-labeled ccpe.
the affinity of radiolabeled ccpe.gst for claudin-4 was confirmed using claudin-4-expressing mda-mb-468 and sq20b cells , compared with claudin-4-negative ht1080 cells.
no other significant differences were observed in any of the examined organs.
age-related microstructural differences have been detected using diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) .
although dti is sensitive to the effects of aging , it is not specific to any underlying biological mechanism , including demyelination.
combining multiexponential t2 relaxation ( met2 ) and multishell diffusion mri ( dmri ) techniques may elucidate such processes.
multishell dmri and met2 data were acquired from @number@ healthy participants aged 17-70 years.
dti and noddi revealed widespread increases in isotropic diffusivity with increasing age.
dki measures and neurite density correlated well with myelin water fraction and intracellular and extracellular water fraction.
dti estimates remain among the most sensitive markers for age-related alterations in white matter.
noddi , dki , and met2 indicate that the initial decrease in frontal fractional anisotropy may be due to increased axonal dispersion rather than demyelination.
background : anemia and frailty are both common in older people and are associated with adverse health outcomes.
there have been some cross-sectional studies of anemia and frailty but no longitudinal studies.
the objectives of this study were to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between anemia and frailty in older australian men.
the main outcome measurement was frailty , assessed using the cardiovascular health study method.
anemia was defined as a hemoglobin levels < 13.0 g / dl.
results : the prevalence of anemia was @percent@ at baseline , @percent@ at 2-year follow-up , and @percent@ at 5-year follow-up.
prevalence of frailty was @percent@ at baseline and @number@ % at both 2- and 5-year follow-up.
among men aged 70-74 at baseline , prevalence of frailty was @percent@ , but at 5-year follow-up the prevalence was @percent@.
generalized estimating equations time-lag models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between repeated measurements of hemoglobin and frailty.
conclusions : anemia was associated with frailty in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses , and anemia precedes frailty in men who were nonfrail at baseline.
low hemoglobin levels among patients may alert clinicians to the increased risk of frailty.
here we investigated whether this effect is similar in two groups of younger and older listeners with normal hearing.
results : amplitudes of the novelty p3 and a late positive potential ( lpp ) were significantly larger in younger compared to older participants.
novelty p3 amplitude increased with increasing task difficulty in both age groups , but the effect was more robust in younger listeners.
by contrast , lpp amplitude increases were observed only in older listeners.
outcomes included endothelial function , arterial stiffness , biomarkers , hrqol and markers of anxiety and depression.
results : sixteen htx recipients ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ male ) completed the study.
hiit increased vo ( 2peak ) more than con ( between-group difference , p < @number@ ) .
there were no between-group differences in any of the measures ( all p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : hiit and con are both well tolerated and induce similar improvements in physical components of hrqol and in markers of anxiety.
effects of either training modality on vascular function and biomarkers could not be confirmed.
however , there is a need for robust data concerning both the effectiveness and the cost of dispensing in-home telerehabilitation.
patients were recruited from eight hospitals in the province of quebec , canada.
the tele group intervention was delivered by videoconferencing over high-speed internet.
the visit group received the same intervention at home.
costs related to the delivery of the two services ( tele and visit ) were calculated.
student's t tests were used to compare costs per treatment between the two groups.
to take distance into account , the two treatment groups were compared within distance strata using two-way analyses of variance ( anovas ) .
under the controlled conditions of an rct , a favorable cost differential was observed when the patient was more than @number@ km from the provider.
stakeholders and program planners can use these data to guide decisions regarding introducing telerehabilitation as a new service in their clinic.
trial registration : international standard registered clinical study number ( isrctn ) : @number@ @url@ ( archived by webcite at @url@
arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality.
it increases with age and is accelerated by hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
in addition to the disease state , arterial stiffness increases from the proximal to the distal arterial compartments.
concurrent assessment of various vessels from the same subjects is unavailable in the literature.
ccas and bas of healthy adolescents were investigated.
this article documents , for the first time , a correlation between the cca and ba of the same subject , under the same conditions.
the results reported here can be seen as the first step toward mechanical mapping of the arterial tree.
bf atrophy in mci correlated with both impaired memory function and attentional control deficits , whereas hippocampus volume was more specifically associated with memory deficits.
the presence of cortical amyloid pathology , as assessed using av45-pet , did not significantly interact with the observed associations.
skin aging is a complex phenomenon in which several mechanisms operate simultaneously.
we firstly confirmed that long-term cultured skin equivalents are still morphologically consistent and functionally active even after @number@ days of culture.
epidermal differentiation markers loricrin , filaggrin , involucrin and transglutaminase , also strongly decreased.
ultrastructural analysis of basement membrane showed typical features of aged skin such as duplication of lamina densa and alterations of hemidesmosomes.
moreover , the expression of hyaluronan and its surface receptor cd44 drastically decreased as observed during chronological skin aging.
finally , we found that the level of p16ink4a expression significantly increased supporting cellular senescence process associated to our model.
in addition , our model provides a unique tool for identifying new targeted molecules intended at improving the appearance of aging skin.
method : a glaserian grounded theory design was used to conduct this retrospective study to yield a substantive middle-range theory.
the data source was semistructured interviews with @number@ family members of decedents who died @number@ to @number@ months prior to the study.
patient's near-death awareness preceded all other phases , if communicated by the decedent with their family.
then , family members iteratively moved through all the other key phases in the process until a time to let go became evident.
dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) are highly toxic lesions , which , if not properly repaired , can give rise to genomic instability.
objective : growing evidence suggests that angiogenesis might represent a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we investigated serum levels of vegf in ad patients with depression , ad patients without depression , and the controls , respectively.
the aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between vegf , depression , and cognitive impairment in ad.
results : serum vegf levels in ad patients with depression were significantly higher than ad patients without depression or the control.
a correlation was observed between vegf and scores on sgds-k , but no correlation was detected between vegf and mmse-kc scores.
conclusion : serum vegf levels in ad patients with depression were higher than those without depression.
depression might be associated with changes in serum levels of vegf in ad patients.
studies examining the relationship of myosteatosis and mortality among older individuals recruited without regard to their health status are sparse.
cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of mortality independent of potential confounders.
results : during a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants died.
no other measures of adiposity , including calf intermuscular fat , were associated with mortality.
conclusion : our study reveals an independent association between skeletal muscle density and mortality in a community-based sample of older , predominantly caucasian men.
background : frailty , an age-related state of increased vulnerability , is associated with a higher risk of multiple adverse events.
studies have suggested that the quality of dietary intake may affect the development of frailty.
methods : the invecchiare in chianti ( inchianti ) study is a prospective cohort study set in the chianti area ( italy ) .
we used data at baseline from @number@ participants aged @number@ years and older.
utp was determined using the folin-ciocalteu assay after solid-phase extraction.
dtp was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and our own polyphenol database.
the frailty , prefrailty , and nonfrailty states were defined according to the fried and colleagues ' criteria.
multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders were used to assess the relationship between polyphenols and frailty.
results : both dtp and utp concentrations progressively decrease from nonfrail to frail participants.
exhaustion and slowness were the only individual frailty criteria significantly associated with utp tertiles.
no significant association was observed between frailty and dtp , after adjustment for covariates.
conclusions : high concentrations of utp were associated with lower prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in an older community-dwelling population.
a polyphenol-rich diet may protect against frailty in older persons.
our findings should be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
whether this pathway is conserved in mammals remains unknown.
moreover , increased rrm2 gene dosage significantly extends the life span of atr mutant mice.
participants : @number@ @number@ individuals @number@ years and older.
the institutionalised and those with limited cognition were excluded.
interaction analysis showed that obese individuals in high-income countries were more likely to have adl limitations than those in low-income or middle-income countries.
in south africa , this may have been due to the exceptionally high prevalence of class iii obesity.
these findings underscore the importance of obesity prevention to reduce the disability burden among older adults.
method : focus groups , written surveys , and data recording sheets were used with nine older people and five physiotherapists.
focus groups were audio taped , transcribed , and coded independently by two researchers.
results : thematic content analysis was undertaken.
conclusion : the views of older people and physiotherapists were sought to understand the adoption of a previously successful home-based program for mild balance dysfunction.
understanding the unique context and circumstances for individuals and organizations will enhance adoption.
a secondary hypothesis was that ttc would improve cognition , self-reported health status , gait , and balance.
method : a total of @number@ individuals were randomly assigned to take part in mip + ttc or mip alone.
the ttc intervention consisted of twenty @number@ min sessions.
outcome measures were given at baseline , and after @number@ and @number@ weeks.
no preferential benefit was found for individuals in the mip + ttc group on cognition , gait , or balance measures.
conclusions : contrary to expectations , ttc exercise did not specifically improve cognition or physical mobility.
explanations for null findings are explored.
the study aim was to evaluate the implementation of group- and home-based exercise falls prevention programs delivered through community health agencies to community-dwelling older people.
interviews with program staff were guided by the diffusion of innovations theory.
highly consistent themes emerged for the two types of programs.
both had high overall compatibility , high relative advantage , good observability and high inherent trialability all factors known to strengthen implementation.
the level of complexity and low financial compatibility emerged as the strongest potential inhibitors to program implementation in the context examined.
risk aversion and temporal discounting are preferences that are strongly linked to sub-optimal financial and health decision making ability.
all underwent repeated annual cognitive evaluations using a detailed battery including @number@ tests.
impairment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive processes has been proposed to underlie age-related deficits in navigation.
animal studies suggest a differential role of hippocampal subfields in various aspects of navigation , but that hypothesis has not been tested in humans.
in this study , we examined the association between volume of hippocampal subfields and age differences in virtual spatial navigation.
the deficits were partially explained by greater complexity of older adults ' search paths.
larger cornu ammonis ( ca ) 1-2 volume was associated with faster distance shortening , but not in path complexity reduction.
age differences in regional volumes collectively accounted for @percent@ of the age-related variance in navigation learning.
independent of subfield volumes , advanced age was associated with poorer performance across all trials , even after reaching the asymptote.
thus , subiculum and ca1-2 volumes were associated with speed of acquisition , but not magnitude of gains in virtual maze navigation.
understanding the molecular basis of ageing remains a fundamental problem in biology.
in contrast , tes are effectively silenced in the germ line by the piwi-pirna system.
the piwi-pirna pathway also operates in tumorous cells and in somatic cells of certain organisms , including hydras , which likewise exhibit immortality.
however , in somatic cells lacking the piwi-pirna pathway , gradual chromatin decondensation increasingly allows the mobilisation of tes as the organism ages.
this can explain why the mortality rate rises exponentially throughout the adult life in most animal species , including humans.
akinetic crisis ( ac ) is akin to neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( nms ) and is the most severe and possibly lethal complication of parkinsonism.
diagnosis is today based only on clinical assessments yet is often marred by concomitant precipitating factors.
prospective cohort evaluation in @number@ patients.
in @number@ patients , affected by parkinson disease or lewy body dementia , the crisis was categorized as ac.
one was diagnosed as having nms because of exposure to risperidone.
in all fp / cit , spect was performed in the acute phase.
spect was repeated @number@ to @number@ months after the acute event in @number@ patients.
visual assessments and semiquantitative evaluations of binding potentials ( bps ) were used.
to exclude the interference of emergency treatments , fp / cit bp was also evaluated in @number@ patients currently treated with apomorphine.
the follow-up re-evaluation in surviving patients showed a recovery of values to the range expected for parkinsonisms of same disease duration.
no binding effects of apomorphine were observed.
by showing the outstanding binding reduction , presynaptic dopamine transporter ligand can provide instrumental evidence of ac in parkinsonism and nms.
beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone , a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues.
one such hormone , vitamin d , exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling , differentiation and development.
vitamin d also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones , potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , all data of patients admitted for more than @number@ hours were collected.
results : the icc method showed a staffing of @number@ nurses : a staff shortage of three nurse , if compared to the actual staff.
the icc method also demonstrate its strength as a useful tool to reorganize care.
conclusion : lgb could clearly be identified on qsm in the brain in vivo.
these patients were interviewed and re-examined @number@ to @number@ months after initial screening.
the main reasons for not accepting surgery were obtained using a questionnaire.
vision function and vision-related quality of life scores were assessed in those who received and did not receive surgery.
results : at the follow-up examination @number@ of the @number@ patients were available and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had undergone cataract surgery.
cost was cited by @number@ ( @percent@ ) subject as the main reason for not seeking surgery.
cost is not a determining factor as barrier to undergo surgery and patients with poorer education are less likely to undertake surgery.
however , studies addressing this tack at the molecular , cellular and behavioral level are limited.
furthermore , rgfp963 increased hippocampal spine density , while hdac3 inhibition was ineffective.
genome-wide gene expression analysis by rna sequencing indicated that rgfp963 and rgfp966 induce largely distinct transcriptional profiles in the dorsal hippocampus of mature mice.
the results of bioinformatic analyses were consistent with rgfp963 inducing a transcriptional program that enhances synaptic efficacy.
finally , rgfp963 , but not rgfp966 , rescued memory in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease.
autophagy was known to be associated with aging in addition to cancer and neurodegeneration.
the effects of scopoletin on autophagy and anti-aging were investigated in human lung fibroblast cell line , imr @number@
here we show that scopoletin induces autophagy.
it is also identified that the modulation of p53 by scopoletin are related to the induction of autophagy.
moreover , the level of sa-β-gal staining , an aging marker , is reduced by scopoletin.
furthermore , scopoletin enhances the level of transcription factors such as nrf-2and p-foxo1 related to anti-aging.
in addition , scopoletin modulates the reprogramming proteins.
therefore , these findings suggest that scopoletin could exert a positive effect on anti-aging related to autophagy through modulation of p53 in human lung fibroblasts.
purpose : the association between excess calcium intake and cardiovascular mortality has already been reported.
of the @number@ million people diagnosed with pleural effusion in the usa annually , ~178 @number@ undergo thoracentesis.
chart review was performed to obtain baseline characteristics.
the aetiology of the effusions was determined using standardised criteria.
mortality was determined at @number@ days and @number@ year.247 unilateral and @number@ bilateral thoracenteses were performed.
malignant effusion had the highest 30-day ( @percent@ ) and 1-year ( @percent@ ) mortality.
patients with malignant effusion had the highest mortality followed by multiple benign aetiologies , congestive heart failure and renal failure.
bilateral pleural effusion is distinctly associated with high mortality.
background : according to the aging in japan , surgery of lung cancer with cardiovascular disease is increasing.
among them , the merger of the heart and large blood vessel disease would be expected to be directly linked to the perioperative management.
among them , @number@ patients had more than one cardiovascular disease.
results : the median age was @number@ years old.
men are @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) .
@number@ cases ( @percent@ ) had smoking history.
anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy were preoperatively done in @percent@ of ihd cases , @percent@ of af cases.
thirty four% of ihd , @percent@ of vascular disease received the treatment other than medication.
video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed in @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) .
lobectomy , sublobectomy were performed for @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) , @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) , respectively.
postoperative complications were occurred in @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) .
two patients ( @percent@ ) died in hospital without discharge.
univariate analysis revealed tumor size , pstage , lymph node dissection , operation time or blood loss were correlated with postoperative complication.
conclusions : for the patients with cardiovascular disease , careful evaluation of surgical indication , perioperative management is required.
interruption of antiplatelet or anticoagulant oral agents in the perioperative period may increase the risk of coronary or cerebral events.
we retrospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes for lung cancer patients with ihd or af.
ihd , af and vasospastic angina ( vsa ) were complicated in @number@ @number@ and @number@ patients , respectively.
drugeluted and bare-metal stents had been placed in @number@ and @number@ patients.
oral agents were aspirin in @number@ patients , ticlopidine in @number@ patients , clopidogrel in @number@ patients and warfarin in @number@ patients.
these agents were stopped @number@ to @number@ days before surgery.
perioperative heparinization was performed in @number@ patients.
oral agents were restarted after confirmation of hemostasis and no need for further invasive treatment.
the surgical procedures were lobectomy in @number@ patients , segmentectomy in @number@ and partial resection in @number@
there were no hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications in a perioperative period except @number@ case of pulmonary hemorrhage and @number@ case of cerebral infarction.
no perioperative hospital death was documented.
short-term interruption of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs before lung cancer surgery and heparinization was acceptable from the view of perioperative outcomes.
lung cancer patients with cardiovascular complications often require antithrombotic therapy.
in this study , we discuss the present conditions and future problems associated with the perioperative management of such patients.
we examined @number@ lung cancer patients undergoing surgery who received antithrombotic therapy for cardiovascular complications.
twenty-one patients were administered unfractionated heparin in the perioperative period ( heparin group ) .
fifteen patients were not administered unfractionated heparin in the perioperative period ( no-heparin group ) .
however , @number@ serious cases of thromboembolism developed after surgery.
one was a case of pulmonary thromboembolism and the other was one of superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism.
these results suggest that the appropriate perioperative usage of heparin enables the standard surgical treatment of lung cancer patients with cardiovascular complications.
we recommend the use of low-molecular-weight heparin or low-dose unfractionated heparin as the antithrombotic agent after lung cancer surgery.
we performed a case-control study to investigate whether obesity early in adulthood affects risk , age of onset , or outcomes of patients with hcc.
multivariable logistic and cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent effects of early obesity on risk for hcc and patient outcomes , respectively.
bmi was calculated , and patients with a bmi of @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) or greater were considered obese.
results : obesity in early adulthood ( age , mid-20s to mid-40s ) is a significant risk factor for hcc.
each unit increase in bmi at early adulthood was associated with a @number@.89-month decrease in age at hcc diagnosis ( p < @number@ ) .
moreover , there was a synergistic interaction between obesity and hepatitis virus infection.
however , we found no effect of obesity on the overall survival of patients with hcc.
macroautophagy is a major intracellular degradation process recognized as playing a central role in cell survival and longevity.
this multistep process is extensively regulated at several levels , including post-translationally through the action of conserved longevity factors such as the nutrient sensor tor.
autophagy is increased in many long-lived model organisms and contributes significantly to their longevity.
in this review , we discuss recent progress in understanding the contribution of these transcription factors to macroautophagy regulation in the context of aging.
understanding the molecular regulation of macroautophagy in relation to aging may offer new avenues for the treatment of age-related diseases.
the present work aims to suggest a pragmatic approach to achieve reasonable accuracy for performing patient dose surveys in countries with limited resources.
data for @number@ patients were collected , in @number@ % of which data for weight were available.
comparison of results from different surveys should always be performed with caution , taking into consideration the way of grouping of paediatric patients.
dose results can be corrected for differences in patient weight / age group.
among the six identified terms in the literature , rra was selected.
the bmi and w / h ratio were calculated.
genotyping of the er-α polymorphism was performed using a polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes ( pcr-rflp ) .
the alleles of the xbai polymorphism were defined as a and g : heterozygote ag , wild type gg and homozygote aa.
the alleles of pvuii polymorphism were defined as t and c : heterozygote tc , homozygote tt , and wild type cc.
exposure to the nerve agent soman is difficult to treat due to the rapid dealkylation of the ( ache ) conjugate known as aging.
this combination was further tested in vivo.
catalytic scavenging of soman in mice improved the therapeutic outcome and resulted in the delayed onset of toxicity symptoms.
furthermore , in-depth proteomic profile of human glomerular sclerosis remains limited.
go annotation and ipa pathway analysis agree to these results.
furthermore , proteomic analysis also demonstrates remarkable increases of complement factor b in gs and tgf-ß1 in both gs and i-gs.
biological significance : this study provides in-depth quantitative proteomic profiles of human glomeruli with intermediate and advanced sclerotic lesions.
it reveals that the over-expression of alternative and terminal pathway components is significantly involved in human glomerulosclerosis seen in distinct renal diseases.
proteomic identification of the increased tgf-ß1 provides supporting evidence for the role of podocyte apoptosis leading to human glomerulosclerosis.
background : the phenomenon of aging is increasing worldwide.
various problems accompany it since aging makes the elderly undergo a decline in their natural functions.
as such , senility can present itself as a barrier for everyday activities.
objective : this article presents a research that deals with the study of collective residences for the elderly.
it seeks to identify configurations of these homes by seeking shortcomings and / or successful solutions.
methods : the ergonomic methodology for the built environment was applied.
the method of the approach is qualitative and consists of multi-case study.
results : through the methodological approach , conflicts in the environment created by missing or inadequate elements were identified.
also , the opinions and suggestions from the elderly were analyzed , which shows their perception of the environment in use.
thus it highlights the importance of there being future studies that are better targeted on designing environments for the elderly.
purpose : the objective of the study was to examine the association between @number@ physical diseases and death by suicide in older adults.
results : in all , @number@ older adults aged 65 + died by suicide during the follow-up of > 16 million person-years.
conclusions : multiple physical diseases were linked to increased risks of suicide in older adults.
increased attention to suicidal ideation and risk assessment might be warranted during the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
background : most developed countries have considered population ageing as one of the economic challenges that need to be overcome.
managing ageing has led to consideration of a number of policies where it is essential to increase the employment rate for older workers.
participants : @number@ workers from different sectors and socio-professional categories ( @percent@ men and @percent@ women ; @percent@ younger than @number@ years old ) .
methods : a quantitative overview was adopted with the use of logistic regression models.
the insat was used ( work and health questionnaire ) .
conclusions : working conditions have a great influence in the idea of inability to perform the same type of work at @number@
this notion does not only apply to older workers.
background : this study compares the health-related quality of life of spanish-born and latin american-born individuals settled in spain.
socio-demographic and psychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life are analyzed.
the medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey ( sf-36 ) was used to assess health-related quality of life.
socio-demographic , psychosocial , and specific migration data were also collected.
results : compared to spanish-born participants , latin american-born participants reported higher health-related quality of life in the physical functioning and vitality dimensions.
men with higher social support and a higher income reported significantly higher mental health.
when stratified by gender , data show that for men physical health was only positively associated with younger age.
for women , in addition to age , social support and marital status were significantly related.
both men and women with higher social support and income had significantly better mental health.
only the variable \ "exposure to political violence \ " was significantly associated with the mental health component ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the key factors to understanding hrqol among latin american-born immigrants settled in spain are age , sex and social support.
background and purpose : detection rates of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( af ) after acute ischemic stroke increase with duration of ecg monitoring.
to date , it is unknown which patient group may benefit most from intensive monitoring strategies.
therefore , we aimed to identify predictors of previously unknown af during in-hospital ecg monitoring.
methods : all consecutive patients with imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke admitted to our tertiary care hospital from @date@ to @date@ were registered prospectively.
patients received continuous bedside ecg monitoring for at least @number@ hours.
detection of previously unknown af during in-hospital ecg monitoring was obtained from medical records.
patients with af on admission ecg or known history of af were excluded from analysis.
patients with higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t or insular cortex involvement may be candidates for prolonged ecg monitoring.
we report the 2-year effects of a randomized controlled trial of an intergenerational social health promotion program on older men's and women's brain volumes.
clinical trial registration : nct0038.
to identify distinct antibody profiles among adults 50-to-74 years old using influenza a / h1n1 hi titers up to @number@ days after vaccination.
healthy subjects @number@ to @number@ years old received the 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
we measured venous samples from days @number@ @number@ and @number@ for hi and vna and b-cell elispots.
of the remaining @number@ subjects , only @number@ or @percent@ overall had at least a 4-fold increase by day @number@
of these @number@ @number@ waned at least 4-fold , and @number@ others 2-fold.
thus @percent@ of the subjects showed waning antibody titers by day @number@
more than half failed to respond at all.
the profiles populated by these subjects as defined by hi did not vary with age or gender.
the vna results mimicked the hi profiles , but the profiles for b-cell elispot did not.
hi titers at days @number@ @number@ and @number@ populate @number@ biologically plausible profiles.
limitations include lack of consensus for operationally defining waning as well as for the apparent ceiling.
furthermore , though well accepted as a marker for vaccine response , assigning thresholds with hi has limitations.
however , vna closely matches hi in populating these profiles.
background : vascular dementia ( vad ) is the second most common type of dementia.
so far , little is known about the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the risk of vad.
many candidate genetic polymorphisms have been examined in a large number of studies.
however , due to the conflicting results , the genetics of vad is still behind the shadow.
objective : we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on associations between genetic polymorphisms of any gene and vad to investigate the genetics of vad.
method : we sought the published studies of associations between any genetic polymorphism and vad and critically appraised them.
results : @number@ studies with @number@ cases and @number@ controls were included.
tested by random effect model and sensitivity analysis , the pooled results show nice robustness.
conclusions : our comprehensive meta-analysis highlighted the genetic contribution to sporadic vad.
degeneration of neural pathways regulating sleep-wake patterns and sleep architecture may contribute to sleep alterations.
thus , a close relationship between sleep disorders and ad has been largely hypothesized.
here , sleep alterations in ad and its pre-dementia stage , mild cognitive impairment , and their complex interactions are reviewed.
background : oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging and age-related diseases and plays a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction development.
moreover , we quantified levels of cellular senescence by senescence-associated β galactosidase ( sa-βgal ) assay.
in addition cellular senescence drastically increased in older cells compared with young cells both in presence and in the absence of oxidative stress.
conclusions : during their life , endothelial cells impair the ability to defend themselves from oxidative stress stimuli.
only older patients having a caregiver were analyzed ( @percent@ , n = @number@ ) .
medical conditions and a comprehensive geriatric assessment were recorded for each patient.
all caregivers were interviewed about their tasks and emotional impact using the short zarit burden inventory.
three months after , patients or their caregivers were called about the vital status , and eur of patients.
results : among the patients included , @percent@ had an eur and @percent@ of their caregivers reported a high level of burden.
eur was strongly associated with a high caregiver burden ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
no association was found for patient's medical or geriatric status.
conclusions : many hospital readmissions after an ed visit may be preventable by identifying caregiver's high burden.
reasons that lead to this high burden should be checked at the first visit.
studies of diffusion tensor imaging have focused mainly on the role of deep white matter tract microstructural abnormalities associated with aging and age-related cognitive decline.
however , the potential role of superficial white matter ( swm ) in aging and , by extension , cognitive-aging , is less clear.
swm was assessed via a combination of probabilistic tractography and tract-based spatial statistics ( tbss ) .
a widespread inverse relationship of fractional anisotropy ( fa ) values in swm with age was observed.
independent of deep white matter-fa , right frontal and right occipital swm-fa-mediated age effects on motor-speed and visuomotor-attention / processing speed , respectively.
altogether , our results indicate that swm-fa contributes uniquely to age-related cognitive performance , and should be considered as a novel biomarker of cognitive-aging.
a large field of research seeks to explore and understand the factors that may cause different rates of age-related cognitive decline within the general population.
however , the impact of experienced stress on the human aging process has remained an under-researched possibility.
behavioral performance was paired with electroencephalographic recordings to enable insight into the underlying neural processes impacted on by cumulative stress.
behavioral data indicated that a higher stress score among elderly participants related to impaired performance on both tasks.
findings provide evidence that cumulative experienced stress adversely affects cognitive aging.
the presence of dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs and attitudes at bedtime in asymptomatic , depressive , and anxious seniors was thus compared.
the second objective was to verify the relationships between various dysfunctional cognitions and mental disorders.
method : the sample in this study consisted of @number@ participants aged @number@ years and over , with a mean age of @number@ years.
they were recruited through a method of random generation of telephone numbers according to a sampling strategy based on geographic location.
results : depressive and anxious seniors adopt dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions in higher proportions than asymptomatic older persons.
purpose : chronic hip pain is a common symptom experienced by many people.
often , surgery is not an option for patients with multiple comorbidities , and conventional drugs either have many side effects or are ineffective.
pulsed radiofrequency ( prf ) is a new method in the treatment of pain.
we attempt to compare the efficacy of prf relative to conservative management for chronic hip pain.
fifteen patients received prf of the articular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves , and @number@ patients received conservative treatment.
results : at @number@ week , @number@ weeks , and @number@ weeks after treatment initiation , improvements in vas were significantly greater with prf.
improvements in ohs were significantly greater in the prf group at @number@ week , @number@ weeks , and @number@ weeks.
patients in the prf group also used less pain medications.
eight subjects in the conservative treatment group switched to the prf group after @number@ weeks , and six of them had > 50% improvement.
magnetic field therapy and physical activity have been proven as beneficial interventions for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
the session was performed three times per week for magnetic field and cwt groups , for @number@ weeks.
but magnetic field seems to have more beneficially and statistically significant effect than does cwt.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) is a β-herpesvirus present in a latent form in most people worldwide.
in immunosuppressed individuals , cmv can reactivate and cause serious clinical complications , but the effect of the latent state on healthy people remains elusive.
as expected , we found decreased responses to vaccination and an overall down-regulation of immune components in aged individuals regardless of cmv status.
design : this is a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials.
study selection : all randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studies on @number@ ml / day of cerebrolysin in mild-to-moderate ad were included.
results : there were @number@ eligible randomized controlled trials comparing cerebrolysin with placebo.
for all studies , either individual patient data and / or published data ( aggregate data ) were available.
the safety aspects of cerebrolysin were comparable to placebo.
conclusion : this meta-analysis provides evidence that cerebrolysin has an overall beneficial effect and a favorable benefit-risk ratio in patients with mild-to-moderate ad.
cerebrolysin as a therapeutic agent should be considered by clinicians seeking treatment options for mild-to-moderate ad.
the psychosomatic approach arose in antiquity as mankind looked for explanations for illness and death.
psychoanalytic theory was often utilized to explain many common diseases.
nevertheless emotional factors are still linked to disease states and morbidity ; for example , depression is a risk factor for mortality following myocardial infarction.
advances in neuroscience demonstrate that the reduction of telomere length by anxiety and stress leads to more rapid aging and potential disease vulnerability.
thus , neuroscientific probes may allow for the elucidation of psychosomatic mechanisms.
a comprehensive review of the literature was completed using medline and pubmed library databases.
this was supplemented with a manual search of selected journals and textbooks.
in all , @number@ articles were identified and @number@ met the inclusion criteria.
opacifiers , oil pigments and inorganic colourants may have a protective effect on colour stability of prostheses.
organic colourants , ultraviolet ( uv ) light , cleansing solutions , dust and aging can adversely affect colour stability of silicone prostheses.
there appears to be a need for a standardised test protocol for colour stability of maxillofacial materials.
colour degradation limits the useful lifespan of maxillofacial silicones.
background : unmet need for assistance with activities of daily living ( adls ) disability is associated with increased risk for future hospitalization.
only those who reported having one or more adl disabilities were included.
time to death within @number@ year after the community survey was determined from centers for medicare and medicaid services vital statistics records.
the community interviews provided demographic , health , and adl information.
overall , @percent@ reported unmet need for assistance for one or more adl disabilities.
the demographics of the world's population are changing , with many adults now surviving into their 80s.
orthopaedic surgery is expensive and will be carefully scrutinized in the u.s. under health-care reform.
it is possible that orthopaedic procedures may be among the most cost-effective medical treatments for the aging population.
for this reason , treatment for osteoarthritis , the costliest condition in the elderly population , has drawn great scrutiny from insurers and the government.
these studies have the power to establish new standards of care and prove the value of orthopaedic surgery.
blood is a tissue with high cellular turnover , and its production is a tightly orchestrated process that requires constant replenishment.
all mature blood cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) , which are the self-renewing units that sustain lifelong hematopoiesis.
short , intraweekly cycles of anti-hiv combinations have provided intermittent , effective therapy ( on @number@ patients ) ( @number@ ) .
both cell-activation markers on the surface of t lymphocytes and cell-bound hiv dna levels remained stable or declined.
cd4 / cd8 ratios rose to ≥1 in @percent@ of patients , whereas cd4 counts went ≥500 / µl in @percent@.
these values were previously @number@ and @percent@ , respectively , on @number@ days per week therapy.
at no risk of viral escape , maintenance therapy , @number@ days per week , would quasiuniversally offer @percent@ cuts off of current overprescriptions.
each wg was tasked with synthesizing a summary of the evidence for each of these topics and delineating the remaining gaps in our knowledge.
this review consists of a summary of the inspire workshop and the wg deliberations.
in most organisms , genome haploidization requires reciprocal dna exchanges ( crossovers ) between replicated parental homologs to form bivalent chromosomes.
these are resolved to their four constituent chromatids during two meiotic divisions.
in female mammals , bivalents are formed during fetal life and remain intact until shortly before ovulation.
bivalent chromosomes are stabilized by cohesion between sister chromatids , which is mediated by the cohesin complex.
in mouse oocytes , cohesin becomes depleted from chromosomes during female aging.
consistent with this , premature loss of centromeric cohesion is a major source of aneuploidy in oocytes from older women.
no similar study has been conducted in the world largest and rapidly ageing chinese population living under distinct environmental condition as the western populations.
objective : this study aims to explore the genetic and environmental impact on normal cognitive ageing in the chinese twins.
in contrast , all cognitive performances showed moderate to high influences by the unique environmental factors.
conclusions : genetic factor and common family environment have a limited contribution to cognitive function in the chinese adults.
individual unique environment is likely to play a major role in determining the levels of cognitive performance.
blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken at participants ' homes.
hypertension prevalence ranged from @percent@ in saint-hyacinthe to @percent@ in tirana.
diabetes and obesity were identified as risk factors in all cities.
awareness was positively associated with diabetes in kingston , manizales and natal.
control among treated hypertensive participants was low , especially in tirana and natal.
diabetes and physical inactivity were associated with poor hypertension control.
hypertension is common in the older populations of imias.
diabetes is strongly associated with hypertension prevalence , awareness and lack of control of hypertension.
the fact that awareness is not strongly associated with healthy behaviours suggests that antihypertensive medication is not accompanied by non-pharmacological therapies.
improved health behaviours could strengthen hypertension control.
efforts should be made to increase men's awareness of hypertension.
hypertension control in diabetic patients is a challenge.
we used data from participants of the rush memory and aging project.
brain mri was available in @number@ subjects without dementia or mci ( mean age @number@ education = @number@ years ; @number@ % women ) .
wmh and gray matter were automatically segmented , and the total wmh and gray matter volumes were measured.
both mri-derived measures were normalized by the intracranial volume.
cognitive data included composite measures of five different cognitive domains , based on @number@ individual tests.
larger total wmh volume was correlated with smaller total gray matter volume ( p < @number@ ) .
these results help elucidate the pathological processes leading to lower cognitive function in aging.
the term presbyphagia refers to all changes of swallowing physiology that are manifested with increasing age.
alterations in the pattern of deglutition that are part of healthy aging are called primary presbyphagia.
increasing age has an impact on each stage of deglutition.
sarcopenia , the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass , strength and quality associated with aging , interferes in particular with the oropharyngeal phase.
a decreased sensory feedback from the oropharyngeal mucosa leads to a delayed triggering of the swallowing reflex.
finally , a reduction in connective tissue elasticity and changes of the axial skeleton lead to various modifications of the swallowing pattern with advanced age.
exercise is a uniquely effective and pluripotent medicine against several noncommunicable diseases of westernised lifestyles , including protection against neurodegenerative disorders.
high-intensity interval exercise training ( hit ) is emerging as an effective alternative to current health-related exercise guidelines.
compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise training , hit confers equivalent if not indeed superior metabolic , cardiac , and systemic vascular adaptation.
however , no studies to date have examined the impact of hit on the cerebrovasculature and corresponding implications for cognitive function.
this review critiques the implications of hit for cerebrovascular function , with a focus on the mechanisms and translational impact for patient health and well-being.
it also introduces similarly novel interventions currently under investigation as alternative means of accelerating exercise-induced cerebrovascular adaptation.
from a clinical perspective , interventions that selectively target the aging brain have the potential to prevent stroke and associated neurovascular diseases.
moreover , because age is the most significant risk factor for cancer , the majority of cancer survivors are over @number@ years of age.
finally , cancer survivors often experience significant health issues for many years after the treatment has subsided.
for example , evidence is mixed as to whether changes in cognitive performance associated with normal aging are exacerbated by cancer survivorship status.
finally , we identify a number of areas where existing cognitive aging research can inform studies on cognitive performance following cancer treatment.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles ( nft ) .
the soluble aβ are known to be more neurotoxicthan fibrillar aβ species.
in this paper , we summarize the essential role of soluble aβ oligomers in ad and discuss therapeutic strategies that target soluble aβ oligomers.
background : inappropriate medications are often used in older adults despite their unfavourable risk-to-benefit profile.
objectives : to determine the prevalence of , and factors associated with , potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use in the older population.
descriptive analyses were used to examine the nature and extent of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use.
the most frequently used potentially inappropriate anticholinergics were cyclobenzaprine , promethazine , amitriptyline , hydroxyzine and dicyclomine.
conclusion : the study found that approximately one in ten older adults used potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medications.
several predisposing , enabling and need factors were associated with the use of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medications.
concerted efforts are needed to optimize potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use in older adults.
these findings will inform the development of future antimicrobial stewardship strategies ( ams ) in this setting.
the quality of the papers was assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme ( casp ) assessment tool for qualitative research.
thematic synthesis was used to integrate the emergent themes into an overall analytical theme.
results : the synthesis of eight qualitative studies indicated that health care professionals and administrators have identified factors that influence antibiotic prescribing in ltcfs.
the social factors underpinning the interaction between nurses , residents ' families and doctors also influence decision making around antibiotic prescribing.
conclusion : this review highlighted the key contextual challenges for ams in ltcfs.
these factors must be considered in order to ensure the feasibility and applicability of future ams interventions.
temperature is a basic and essential property of any physical system , including living systems.
here , we review the literature on how temperature affects longevity , ageing and life history traits.
many life-extending manipulations in rodents , such as caloric restriction , also decrease core body temperature.
an example is observed in humans : women appear to have a slightly higher body temperature and yet live longer than men.
our goal was to evolve the lar procedure to optimize its utility in clinical practice and translational research.
study design : prospective translational experiment.
setting : academic institution.
methods : the vfs were visualized bilaterally during supramaximal air stimulation through an endoscope.
results : the @number@ lar metrics are remarkably similar between healthy young humans and mice.
compared to control mice , aging mice have shorter glottic closure durations , whereas als-affected mice have shorter vf abduction phase durations.
conclusions : we have established a new lar protocol that permits quantification of novel lar metrics that are translatable between mice and humans.
using this protocol , we showed that vf adduction is impaired in primary aging mice , whereas vf abduction is impaired in als-affected mice.
these preliminary findings highlight the enhanced diagnostic potential of lar testing.
the purpose of this study was to assess perspectives among prefrail and frail , middle-aged and older homeless women.
design and sample : focus group methodology was conducted to assess perspectives among these homeless women ( n = 20 ) aged @number@ to @number@
measures : sociodemographic and frailty characteristics were assessed by structured instruments , along with mobility , assistive device use and falls.
results : the average age was @number@ the majority of the sample was african-american ( @percent@ ) .
in total , @percent@ reported living in a shelter for the last @number@ days , while @percent@ were unsheltered.
the majority of the sample reported walking independently ( @percent@ ) and not using an assistive device ( @percent@ ) .
over one third ( @percent@ ) fell in the last @number@ days and @percent@ fell in the last year.
conclusions : future research development and implications are discussed.
evidence suggests that healthy adults with elevated cortical aβ show differences in neural activity associated with memory encoding-specifically encoding of face stimuli.
here , we examined if aβ deposition in clinically normal adults was related to differences in neural activity in ventral visual cortex during face viewing.
our sample included @number@ high-aβ older adults , @number@ demographically matched low-aβ older adults , and @number@ young adults.
older adults with elevated aβ were characterized by decreased activity in left fusiform compared to aβ-negative older adults.
further , we found that the degree to which older adults expressed decreased fusiform activity was related to worse performance on tasks of processing speed.
the cardiac axis in a structurally normal heart is influenced by a number of factors.
a total of @number@ patients were included.
unfortunately , this trend will only increase given the growth of an aging population worldwide.
understanding its pathophysiology that begins with venous hemodynamic abnormalities and leads to inflammatory alterations with microcirculatory changes is critical to delivering effective curative therapy.
as such , the main component to treatment is reversing the underlying venous hypertension and pro-inflammatory milieu using compression treatment along with various adjuvant therapies.
given its impact , a comprehensive multi-pronged approach to care , treatment and prevention is required to reverse the increasing trend that is observed worldwide.
objective : here , we review the multitude of actions of foxo3 that are relevant to health , and thus healthy ageing and longevity.
methods : the study involved a literature search for articles retrieved from pubmed using foxo3 as keyword.
results : we review the molecular genetics of foxo3 in longevity , then current knowledge of foxo3 function relevant to ageing and lifespan.
other functions concern metabolism , cell cycle arrest , apoptosis , destruction of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species and proteostasis.
conclusions : the mechanism by which longevity-associated alleles of foxo3 reduce age-related mortality is currently of great clinical interest.
the prospect of optimizing foxo3 activity in humans to increase lifespan and reduce age-related diseases represents an exciting avenue of clinical investigation.
the global trend towards increased longevity has resulted in ageing populations and a rise in diseases or conditions that primarily affect older persons.
one such condition is osteoporosis ( fragile or porous bones ) , which causes an increased fracture risk.
vertebral and hip fractures lead to increased morbidity and mortality and result in enormous healthcare costs.
here , we review the evolution of the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and lysosome-dependent process for degrading and recycling cellular constituents.
autophagy is activated following an ischemic insult or preconditioning , but it may exert dual roles in cell death or survival during these two processes.
autophagy then interacts with apoptotic and necrotic signaling pathways to regulate cell death.
autophagy may also maintain cell function by removing protein aggregates or damaged mitochondria.
to date , the dual roles of autophagy in ischemia and preconditioning have not been fully clarified.
the purpose of the present review is to summarize the recent progress in the mechanisms underlying autophagy activation during ischemia and preconditioning.
a better understanding of the dual effects of autophagy in ischemia and preconditioning could help to develop new strategies for the preventive treatment of ischemia.
design : a prospective study in an otologically screened population.
study sample : data was collected from @number@ otologically-normal persons aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
inclusion criteria involved those listed in iso 389-1 ( @number@ ) and the @date@ ( @number@ ) .
suitability for inclusion was evaluated through interview , based on a questionnaire , and physical examination.
results : the hearing thresholds decreased slightly from @number@ to @number@ hz.
from @number@ hz onwards the thresholds increased ; this increase being more pronounced with increasing frequency and age.
no statistically significant sex differences were found.
the hearing threshold levels in the present study were higher ( poorer ) than the ones provided by iso @number@ ( @number@ ) .
cellular processes and homeostasis control in eukaryotic cells is achieved by the action of regulatory proteins such as protein kinase a ( pka ) .
pka regulators span multiple processes , including the antagonistic autophagy and methionine biosynthesis pathways.
the same etch-and-rinse adhesive system and composite resin were used for all groups ( n = 30 beams ) .
after the experimental period , the microtensile test was performed.
data were analyzed with anova followed by tukey test ( p < 0.05 ) .
werner syndrome ( ws ) is a rare inherited disease characterized by premature aging and increased propensity for cancer.
mutations in the wrn gene can be of several types , including nonsense mutations , leading to a truncated protein form.
we also observed increased wrn promoter methylation in the cells of patients and decreased messenger wrn rna ( wrn mrna ) expression.
a telephone-administered questionnaire obtained information on socio-economic , pre- and post-injury psychological and heath characteristics.
results : at baseline , there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants aged ≥65 and 18-64 years , respectively.
the average life expectancy and the proportion of the elderly in the western countries are increasing.
the care processes used for the elderly are known to differ between the care providers in sweden.
the patients are evaluated using validated risk assessment instruments , and the care is planned , executed , evaluated.
the registry helps the caregivers fulfill the preventive care according to the best available clinical knowledge and practice.
the registry also provides the government and health care politicians with data for setting aims for elderly care.
the registry is used in @percent@ of the municipalities and county councils throughout the country.
the total number of risk assessments completed from @number@ to @number@ exceeded @number@ @number@ @number@
methods : we reviewed all patients treated with gkrs for bm at our institution between @date@ and @date@ .
tumor response was assessed by reviewing follow-up brain imaging studies and classified according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.
local control per lesion and dosimetric prognostic factors for local control were assessed by univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression analyses.
results : of @number@ patients treated , @number@ had follow-up imaging available with a median follow-up of @number@ months.
three hundred seventy-three individual tumors were analyzed.
of these , @number@ showed a complete response , @number@ showed a partial response , @number@ remained stable , and @number@ developed local failure.
tumors with ei ≥1.6 mj·ml ( @number@ ) ·gy ( @number@ ) showed a higher rate of complete response.
local control rates at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
the following factors were associated with a greater rate of local control : maximum dose and mean dose.
conclusion : gkrs for bm results in a high rate of local control with an 11-month rate of @percent@.
a higher ei was not significantly associated with a higher rate of local control on multivariate analysis.
prescription dose was found to be the only significant predictor of local control on multivariate analysis.
objective : death of a parent in childhood can diminish both the nurturing that promotes healthy development , and household income.
regressions grouping and then separating women and men were compared.
results : approximately @percent@ of the @number@ participants had experienced early parental loss.
overall @percent@ rated their health as good however parental loss predicted poorer adult health , as did early hunger but not witnessing violence.
conclusion : parental loss should be considered as a potent adverse childhood experience with life-long consequences for health.
internet-based programs that promote healthy practices have also shown promise and , therefore , should be especially appropriate for workers aged @number@ years and older.
methods : the randomized controlled trial was conducted across multiple us offices of a large global information technology company.
use data included number of log-ins and number of pages accessed.
potential moderators from demographic characteristics and program dosage effects were assessed using multiple linear regression models.
additional analyses were conducted on complete ( nonimputed ) cases , excluding program participants who used the program for less than @number@ minutes.
moderator and dosage analyses of the dataset found no significant program effects.
moderator analysis of this dataset also found significant moderator effects of gender on multiple measures of exercise.
conclusions : a web-based health promotion program showed promise for making a significant contribution to the short-term dietary and exercise practices of older working adults.
gender effects suggest that the program effects on exercise are due mainly to improvements among women.
the aim of this study was to investigate differences in the brainstem volume and shape between patients with ad and elderly normal controls.
this study is the first to explore brainstem volume change and deformations in ad.
however , further longitudinal studies might be needed to confirm these findings.
objective : the objective of this article was to explore trends in licensing among babyboomer older drivers in the state of victoria , australia.
birth cohorts from @number@ to @number@ were defined in 10-year birth-year intervals.
population size was modeled using logistic regression.
license prevalence was modeled using a logit model.
results : the babyboomer cohort ( 1946-1965 ) in victoria is @number@ times larger than the cohort before them.
methods : we used mortality data from the global burden of disease study @number@ which includes data on @number@ countries grouped into @number@ world regions.
secular trends and correlations with changes in national income were examined.
only central and western europe had gains in cardiovascular health that were sufficient to offset these demographic forces.
( funded by the bill and melinda gates foundation and others. ) .
methods : an electronic search was conducted in @number@ databases ( medline , scopus , cinahl and sportdiscus ) .
estimates were pooled using a random-effect model ( dersimonian and laird method ) .
heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the cochran's chi-square test and quantified through an estimation of the i².
results : of the @number@ identified articles , @number@ met our eligibility criteria , with a large majority of uncontrolled studies ( @percent@ ) .
the meta-analysis based on uncontrolled studies showed significant heterogeneity among all included studies.
long-term interventions produced superior weight loss ( @number@ kg ) compared to short-term ( @number@ kg ) and intermediate-term ( @number@ kg ) interventions.
conclusions : lifestyle interventions incorporating a pa component can improve weight and various cardiometabolic risk factors in class ii and iii obese individuals.
however , further high quality trials are needed to confirm this evidence , especially beyond weight loss.
ever since we developed mitochondria to generate atp , eukaryotes required intimate mito-nuclear communication.
in addition , since reactive oxygen species are a cost of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation , this demands safeguards as protection from these harmful byproducts.
inhibition of nutrient-induced expression of caper arrests nutrient-dependent cell proliferation and atp generation and induces autophagy-mediated vacuolization.
nutrient signaling to caper induces mitochondrial transcription and glucose-dependent mitochondrial respiration via coactivation of nuclear receptor err-α-mediated gabpa transcription.
caper is also a coactivator for nf-κb that directly regulates c-myc to coordinate nuclear transcriptome responses to mitochondrial stress.
objective : diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) are at higher risk of poor outcome than are non-diabetic patients with acs.
methods : totally @number@ hong kong chinese with t2dm were recruited during 1994-1996 and followed up until @date@ .
we systematically analyzed sex-related acs incidence and acs-related mortality and risk factors with χ2-squared test , descriptive statistics and survival analysis.
results : regular follow-up was completed in @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) , with a median period of @time@ .
the occurrence of acs was recorded among @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) and acs-related death among @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
among acs patients , cumulative acs-related mortalities was similar between men and women ( log rank χ2 = 0.063 , p = 0.802 ) .
besides age and albuminuria , different profiles of risk factors accounted for the occurrence of acs between men and women.
conclusions : our findings demonstrated sex differences in acs incidence and risk factors , but not in acs-related mortality in chinese patients witht2dm.
where these devices fit in the physician practice and consumer routine can be confusing , as scientific studies may be weak or lacking.
the specifications , price , ease-of-use , maintenance , and technology can differ greatly between devices.
thus , the physician and consumer need to define exp.
cosmetic dermatology is continuing to see a dramatic increase in both procedures performed and technological advancements.
men's aesthetic dermatology is burgeoning with more men seeking cosmetic consultations and intervention.
cosmetic dermatology has moved beyond just applying the same techniques used for females onto males.
the use of our cosmetic toolbox can differ for men in terms of technique and dosage.
this article will review the state of men's aesthetic dermatology with.
the demand for noninvasive and minimally invasive skin-tightening procedures is rising within the aesthetic world.
through research studies , protocols are being optimized and clinical results are becoming more reliable.
botulinum toxins are among the most widely studied and versatile drugs in the medicinal market.
since their extraction from clostridium botulinum , they have been harnessed and incorporated into different formulations with varied properties and actions.
these products have been used to treat countless disorders such as musculoskeletal disorders , headaches , and eye disorders , among many others.
in the realm of aesthetic cutaneous medicine , the evolution and creativity in the use of botulinum toxins has been swift and ever changing.
all substrate specimens were ground flat using a diamond stone and were etched using scotchbond phosphoric acid etchant ( 3m espe ) .
additional specimens were made from the repair resin composite materials to study the cohesive strength.
specimens were sliced into sticks ( @number@ ± @number@ mm2 ) for microtensile bond strength testing ( μtbs ) .
modes of failure were determined.
we sought to characterize the influence of amiloride and gmq on the human gaba-a ρ1 receptors using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology.
the diuretic amiloride potentiated the human gaba-a ρ1 gaba-mediated current , whereas gmq antagonized the receptor.
in contrast , the mutation did not remove gmq antagonism but only changed the guanidine compound's potency within the human gaba-a ρ1 receptor.
background : performance-based and self-report instruments of physical function are frequently used and provide complementary information.
identifying older adults with a mismatch between actual and perceived function has utility in clinical settings and in the design of interventions.
one-week test-retest reliability of the vsppb was examined in @number@ participants.
the component scores of the sppb and vsppb were also moderately correlated ( all p values < .01 ) .
autophagy is an essential homeostatic process for degrading cellular cargo.
aging organelles and protein aggregates are degraded by the autophagosome-lysosome pathway , which is particularly crucial in neurons.
background : positive affect contributes to the healthy life style , which , in turn , explains life satisfaction and psychological well-being among the elderly.
existent literature has reinforced that physical activity participation influences development of positive affect for the elderly.
because of the increased life constraints and physical problems , however , maintenance of positive affect might be challenging for elderly people.
methods : data were drawn from a sample of the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe.
a total sample of @number@ males and @number@ females aged between @number@ and @number@ years from @number@ european countries was analyzed.
perception of life constraints , health problems , physical activity engagement and positive affect were measured by a structured questionnaire.
confirmatory factor analysis and a technique of structural equation modelling were employed using amos @number@ to examine the hypothesized relationships between study variables.
results : perceived life constraints and physical problems significantly affected the acquisition of positive affect among the elderly.
physical activity was found to have a significant path coefficient towards the measure of positive attitude and emotion.
physical activity was also a significant mediator between physical problems and positive affect.
conclusions : this study extended our understanding of how the perception of life constraints and health problems influence the elderly's daily experience.
study finding reinforced the goodness of physical activity participation to enhance positive affect among the elderly.
we should administer sustainable and evidence-based physical activity including interventions and infrastructure to improve positive affect and psychological well-bing among the elderly.
sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved nad ( + ) -dependent acetyl-lysine deacetylases that belong to class iii type histone deacetylases.
in humans , seven sirtuin isoforms ( sirt1 to sirt7 ) have been identified.
here we demonstrate that sirt1 , sirt2 , and sirt3 are expressed in enucleate platelets.
these changes were associated with increased phagocytic clearance of the platelets by macrophages.
administration of either sirtinol or ex-527 in mice led to a reduction in both platelet count and the number of reticulated platelets.
our results , for the first time , implicate sirtuins as a central player in the determination of platelet aging.
background : excess weight is a risk factor for numerous co-morbidities that predominantly occur in later life.
this study's purpose was to analyse the association between excess weight and health service use / costs in the older population in germany.
methods : this cross-sectional analysis used data of n = @number@ individuals aged 58-82 from a population-based prospective cohort study.
body mass index ( bmi ) and waist-to-height ratio ( whtr ) were calculated based on clinical examinations.
health service use was measured by a questionnaire for a 3-month period.
corresponding costs were calculated applying a societal perspective.
results : @percent@ of the sample were normal weight , @percent@ overweight , @percent@ obese class @number@ and @percent@ obese class ≥2 according to bmi.
in @percent@ , whtr was ≥0.6.
whtr ≥0.6 significantly increased outpatient costs by + 79€ and total costs by + 189€.
conclusions : excess weight is associated with increased service use and cost in elderly individuals , in particular in obese class ≥2 individuals.
we sought to determine whether older adult patients in our own clinic population were able to recall their drug regimens and medical conditions from memory.
each patient was asked to recall the number and names of their presently prescribed drugs and their associated medical conditions.
each patient was also administered a mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) cognitive screening test ( range 0-30 ) .
results : most patients were unable to recall their drug regimens or their medical conditions.
fewer than half ( @percent@ ) correctly recalled the number of drugs they were taking.
poor recall performance was evident even in high-cognitive ( mmse > 27 ) patients.
background : studies of cancer pain management in older people are lacking and more information is needed.
methods : a retrospective review of computerized charts was undertaken for advanced cancer patients in the home-care setting.
patients were divided into two groups : adults ( < 65 years , a ) , and aged ( ≥65 years , o ) .
results : a total of @number@ patients were available for analysis.
no differences in pain intensity were observed among age subgroups.
the o3 group presented a lower prevalence of btp in comparison with other groups.
significant changes in opioid doses were reported with an inverse relationship with age ( p = 0.0001 ) .
opioid switching was less frequently present in the older patients ( p < 0.005 ) .
the prevalence of btp was only shown to be lower in the oldest group ( o3 ) .
lateral rectus-superior rectus band degeneration with aging is the major cause of sagging eye syndrome , which usually presents with small-angle esotropia or hypotropia.
in contrast , heavy eye syndrome , also called myopic strabismus fixus , is characterized by profound esotropia and hypotropia with the eyeball fixed nasally.
we report the case of a 71-year-old man with sagging eye syndrome presenting with strabismus fixus and no myopia.
sleep is a fundamental physiological process , characterized by the activation of several cortical and subcortical neural networks.
sleep deprivation ( sd ) has becoming one of the most relevant health problem in modern societies.
all these alterations may predispose subjects with sd to an increased cardiovascular risk.
ten employees who had contact with the students , clients , and family were interviewed using a semistructured interview method.
the findings suggest a positive response to the presence of social work students in the enhancement of home healthcare and in this independent living environment.
aging is associated with many complex diseases.
reliable prediction of the aging process is important for assessing the risks of aging-associated diseases.
however , despite intense research , so far there is no reliable aging marker.
here we addressed this problem by examining whether human 3d facial imaging features could be used as reliable aging markers.
we collected > @number@ 3d human facial images and blood profiles well-distributed across ages of @number@ to @number@ years.
by analyzing the morphological profiles , we generated the first comprehensive map of the aging human facial phenome.
we identified quantitative facial features , such as eye slopes , highly associated with age.
using this predictor , we identified slow and fast agers that are significantly supported by levels of health indicators.
however , the significance of telomere shortening in age-associated decline of immune function is unknown.
monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells of both short and long telomere groups induced similar expansions of influenza m1-specific cd8 ( + ) t cells.
finally , m1-specific cd8 ( + ) t cells that underwent more expansions had significantly longer telomeres than cells with fewer divisions.
conclusions : telomere length is positively associated with a robust lymphocyte response , and telomere attrition may contribute to the age-associated decline of adaptive immunity.
background : the aging population is a globally recognized challenge for the health care service.
the growing number of older people will probably lead to increased demands for nurses working in elderly care.
clinical practice has been shown to have an impact on how student nurses perceive a particular field of nursing.
design : this was a cross-sectional study using the swedish version of the clinical learning environment and nurse teacher evaluation scale.
methods : consecutive sampling was performed over three semesters from @date@ to @date@ .
the survey was conducted with @number@ student nurses.
a chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the difference in age , gender and previous working experience between the two groups.
results : the analysis leaned towards an overall positive evaluation of the clinical learning environment with more positive values for students considering a career.
neither was any significant difference displayed between students , based on gender nor for previous work experience.
conclusion : age , gender and previous work experiences as health care assistants did not impact on students ' willingness to work in elderly care.
background : individuals typically self-identify symptoms of facial aging that lead them to seek facial aesthetic treatments.
no systematic data exist to describe preferences for facial areas requiring treatment.
methods : a total of @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ years considering aesthetic treatments participated in an online research survey using maximum difference scaling.
there was a strong correlation between the most bothersome facial area and the area first planned for treatment.
conclusion : this cross-sectional survey suggests that aesthetically oriented women have changing facial treatment preferences with age ; however , cfls are of most concern.
objective : to examine uniformity of ha structure , the effects of extrusion , and lidocaine dilution of @number@ commercially available ha soft-tissue fillers.
results : all has contained oxygen , carbon , and sodium , but with uneven distributions.
irregular particulate matter was present in res but bel and juv were largely particle free.
spacing was more uniform in bel than juv and juv was more uniform than res.
lidocaine had no apparent effect on morphology ; extrusion through a 30-g needle had no effect on ultrastructure.
lidocaine and extrusion through a 30-g needle exerted no influence on ha structure.
belotero balance shows consistency throughout the syringe and across manufactured lots.
background : dermal fillers are commonly injected in the lips for aesthetic treatment.
objective : to assess multiple measures of tolerability and lip function in a randomized controlled trial of sgp-ha ( without lidocaine ) for lip augmentation.
conclusion : lip augmentation with sgp-ha showed excellent safety with the assessments used in this study.
further study should be conducted to validate these assessments with the goal of developing a comprehensive scale for measuring potential functional complications and risks.
treatment success was an mlfs increase ≥1 point at week @number@
results : improving facial volume deficits with filler is linked mainly to gel viscoelasticity and cohesivity.
conclusion : selection of dermal filler with the right rheological properties is a key factor in achieving a natural-looking long-lasting desired aesthetic outcome.
background : whether oxytocin functions as a stress hormone in older age is unknown.
methods : non-fasting plasma oxytocin was measured from @number@ participants ( 65-90 years ) of the cross sectional kora-age study.
the psychological impact of an adverse life event was assessed based on the psychosocial stress questionnaire.
attachment style was determined by the relationship-specific attachment scales for adults.
adjusted least squares means of oxytocin were calculated.
oxytocin was positively associated with diminished stress among securely attached participant ( event with little suffering : β = 0.35.
se = 0.12 , great suffering : β = 0.15.
se = 0.14 , severe suffering : β = 0.03.
se = 0.12 ) .
the conditional role of attachment style in stress-induced endogenous oxytocin production is highlighted.
methods : the study included @number@ outpatients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
the mean age was @number@ years and the duration of dm was @number@ years.
the mean hemoglobin a1c was @percent@.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were given a diagnosis of gerd based on endoscopy.
patients with concurrent gerd were younger , had shorter duration of dm , and were taller and heavier.
interestingly , no difference in body mass index was observed.
older adults generated more words in the morning and younger adults more in the evening , corresponding with self-report peak tod.
older adults exhibited greater variability in switching in the evening than in the morning , whereas younger adults showed the opposite pattern.
one's memory for past test performance ( mpt ) is a key piece of information individuals use when deciding how to restudy material.
aging appears to spare the ability to access multiple cues when making jols.
dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition / exercise may contribute to sarcopenia ; however , these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations.
plasma insulinemia and eaa / aemia were markedly greater after wp than leaa ( p < @number@ ) .
aps increased similarly after wp and leaa.
older women remain subtly responsive to nutrition ± exercise.
intriguingly though , bolus wp offers no trophic advantage over leaa.
patients with significant facial atrophy and age-related loss of facial fat generally achieve suboptimal improvement from both surface treatments of facial skin and surgical lifts.
a series of candidates for the histone h3 peptide based lsd1-selective inhibitor were designed and synthesized.
truncation studies of peptide 1a revealed the significance of the peptide sequence length.
these findings will be useful for the further development of histone h3 peptide based lsd1-selective inhibitors.
background : by contrast with other southern european people , north portuguese population registers an especially high prevalence of hypertension and stroke incidence.
we designed a cohort study to identify individuals presenting accelerated and premature arterial aging in the portuguese population.
of the @number@ individuals enrolled , @number@ completed the evaluation.
conclusion : the population pwv values were higher than expected in a low cardiovascular risk area ( portugal ) .
high prevalence rates of eva and noteworthy large artery damage in young ages were found.
arterial stiffness may be a cause of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
we therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the association between stiffness , cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
studies on cognitive impairment could not be pooled due to large heterogeneity.
the present study supports the hypothesis that greater arterial stiffness is a contributor to microvascular brain disease.
background : young females exhibit lower cardiovascular event rates that young men , a pattern which is lost , or even reversed with advancing age.
no gender difference in pwv increase with age was observed ( p = @number@ ) .
early diagnosis is appropriate and important for developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder.
in many less developed countries , unfortunately , diagnosis of this disorder is delayed.
information obtained from the parents was compared with world health organization standards.
results indicate that participants ( male and female ) have significantly delayed age of acquisition of all three skills.
in total , @number@ individuals were recruited from @number@ to @number@ and followed until @number@
overall , @number@ subjects suffered a non-fatal or fatal stroke during @number@ person-years of follow-up.
time-window analyses did not reveal any clear induction-latency pattern.
two samples were recruited through child health centers in northern finland.
in the problem total scale , boys were scored higher than girls by mothers , but not by fathers , in both age groups.
also maternal internalizing problem scores were higher for boys than for girls among the toddlers.
however , significant differences between the maternal and paternal bitsea ratings were not found among the infants of either sex.
our findings highlight the importance of paying attention to probable sex differences when assessing and treating early social-emotional / behavior problems.
development of hand preferences for unimanual manipulation of objects was explored in @number@ infants ( @number@ males ) tested monthly from @number@ to @number@ months.
infants with a right and left hand preference for object acquisition develop a right and left ( respectively ) hand preference for unimanual manipulation.
gestures are the first forms of conventional communication that young children develop in order to intentionally convey a specific message.
however , at first , infants rarely communicate successfully with their gestures , prompting caregivers to interpret them.
we videotaped interactions from six caregiver-infant dyads playing with toys when infants were @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months old.
results revealed an association between infants ' increasing knowledge of object use and maternal interpretations of infants ' gestures as conveying a clear communicative function.
our findings emphasize the importance of shared knowledge in shaping infants ' emergent communicative skills.
it is known that the precursors for the bone-forming osteoblasts reside in the mesenchymal cell population in bone marrow.
secondary aims pertain to intervention impact on hrqol , physical function , and self-efficacy for managing fatigue.
the primary outcome is a comparison of the change in fatigue from baseline to @number@ months between intervention and control arms.
we will also compare changes in engagement in physical activity , hrqol , physical function , and self-efficacy.
trial registration : nct02191969.
intrinsic functional connectivity mri has become a widely used tool for measuring integrity in large-scale cortical networks.
factor scores derived from neuropsychological tests represented processing speed , executive function , and episodic memory.
all results controlled for data quality metrics , including motion.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) affects the region of the retina that is responsible for high-resolution vision.
it is a major cause of blindness in the aging population.
we demonstrate β2gpi in the retina and choroid of patients with amd.
free thiol β2gpi levels were significantly decreased in patients with late amd compared with early amd and healthy controls.
our observations lead to the hypothesis that free thiol β2gpi may protect against oxidative stress injury to rpe cells in the early stages of amd.
health care costs have increased due to population ageing.
with the netherlands facing a rapidly ageing population , such statements are well-received by policy makers.
unfortunately they reflect only part of the truth and are therefore misleading.
nevertheless , health care costs in the last years of life are still interesting , but for a different reason than is widely believed.
taking a lifetime perspective , these costs shed new light on solidarity in health care.
klotho is an anti-aging transmembrane protein , which can be shed and function as a hormone.
as this pathway is significant in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) we studied klotho expression and activity in this tumor.
reduced expression was associated with wild-type brca status.
klotho reduced eoc cell viability , enhanced cisplatin sensitivity , and reduced expression of mesenchymal markers.
finally , klotho inhibited igf-1 pathway activation and inhibited transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor.
as klotho is a hormone , treatment with klotho may serve as a novel treatment for eoc.
the underlying aetiology of sarcopenia appears multifaceted and not yet fully defined , but ultimately involves the gradual loss of muscle protein content over time.
the present evidence suggests that the loss of lean tissue in the elderly is exacerbated by low dietary protein intake.
previous work has confirmed evolutionary conservation of tass elements while many cases show only low tissue specificity of isoform ratios.
we pinpoint stochasticity and noise as important methodological issues for the dissection of tass isoform patterns.
this novel type of regulation affects not only multiple tass isoforms , but also other alternative splicing classes , in a concerted manner.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) determines gradual loss of cognition and memory function , eventually leading to clinical manifest dementia.
these therapies are not stopping the disease's progression , at their best they can only delay it.
accumulating evidence suggests that ad is associated with a microglial dysfunction.
microglia are resident immune cells that provide continuous surveillance within the brain.
when excessively activated , microglial response can also have detrimental effects via the exacerbation of inflammatory processes and release of neurotoxic substances.
recently , it was recognized that microglia express voltage-gated ion channels , in particularly voltage-gated sodium channels ( vgsc ) .
the success of vgsc treatment in ad was unexpectedly variable , ranging from very beneficial to plain detrimental.
this variability could not be satisfactorily explained solely by the neuronal effects.
over the last century , inuit have experienced rapid social changes that have greatly impacted their way of life , health , and intergenerational traditions.
although there is a growing body of research concerning inuit youth , relatively little is known about elderly inuit.
in an effort to bridge this knowledge gap , a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles was conducted.
this review identified a dearth of research on older inuit , and highlighted limitations in service provision to this primarily rural and isolated population.
implications for policy and practice and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
sixteen healthy young ( 22-28 years ; yf ) and @number@ healthy older ( 65-92 years ; of ) females participated in the study.
in elderly women , only tgf-βrι expression correlated negatively with mirna-21 expression in pbmcs ( ρ = -0.315 ; p = 0.004 ) .
the results suggest that age affects tgf-β signalling in leukocytes by altering the expression levels of its receptors.
these changes seem to occur independently of physical fitness of old women.
exercise and hypoxia paradoxically modulate vascular thrombotic risks.
the shedding of procoagulant-rich microparticles from monocytes may accelerate the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis.
following the 5-week intervention , het exhibited higher enhancements of peak work-rate and cardiopulmonary fitness than net did.
hence , we conclude that het is superior to net for enhancing aerobic capacity.
furthermore , het effectively suppresses procoagulant mdmp formation and monocyte-mediated tg under severe hypoxic stress , compared with net.
twelve interviews and two focus groups were conducted , audiotaped , transcribed and analyzed for content.
results : seventy personalized and @number@ collective participation needs were reported related to daily and social activities.
personalized needs concerned interpersonal relationships , general organization of activities , leisure , housing , fitness and nutrition.
collective needs related mainly to housing , general organization of activities and nutrition.
considering personalized and collective needs allowed identifying exclusive examples of each.
this exploratory study examined older rural women's health decision making.
thirty-three rural women were recruited to participate in semistructured qualitative interviews.
major themes emerged that focused on rural women's comments regarding their concerns about not worrying or bothering their children with personal health matters.
themes were discussed in the context of an ethic of care.
the number of midlife and older women with hiv / aids is high and increasing , especially among women of color.
women with higher levels of self-esteem exercised greater power in their relationships with their partner.
income and sexual decision-making power were statistically significant in predicting the use of condoms.
implications and recommendations for future hiv / aids research and intervention targeting midlife and older women are presented.
background : research has investigated the decrease in human skin sebum after the application of botulinum toxin.
the baseline and post-treatment sebum production was measured using a sebumeter.
results : treatment with btx-a exhibited significant sebum alteration at the injection site of both groups , with a sebum gradient surrounding the injection point.
the efficacy did not improve at higher injection doses , with the four-unit regimen generally not being more potent than the two-unit regimen.
conclusions : we determined that the sebum production has a positive correlation with the distance away from the injection point.
level of evidence : @number@ therapeutic.
@number@ subjects were selected from a large , prospective hospital-based study.
at baseline neurological examination , @number@ isnas were selected.
primitive reflexes were the most common isnas ( @percent@ ) , while dysphagia was the most rarely encountered ( @percent@ ) .
an increased risk of isnas was associated with lacunae and white matter hyperintensity in the parietal region.
isnas are not benign signs.
the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide across all age groups.
while most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a good prognosis , aggressive disease is more common in the elderly and disease-specific mortality is higher.
treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer include surgery , levothyroxine , radioactive iodine , external beam radiotherapy and kinase inhibitors.
rational and evidence-based management is particularly important in older individuals because they may experience greater toxicities from the therapeutic options.
background : both increased age and type @number@ diabetes mellitus are risk factors for developing bone fractures.
methods : we used patient data from a large commercial health insurer from 2002-2005.
multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios ( aor ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
conclusion : sulfonylureas are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in elderly men and women with type @number@ diabetes.
methods : a model-based economic evaluation ( decision tree ) using the us medicare perspective and a conservative annual temporal framework was conducted.
simulations were performed in a hypothetical cohort of medicare beneficiaries suffering from insomnia.
the main outcome measure was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year ( qaly ) gained.
sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the base-case analysis.
cbt had a @percent@ chance of being the dominant strategy , with results most sensitive to an older adult's baseline risk of falling.
public payers should reconsider reimbursement of sedative-hypnotic drugs as first-line treatment for insomnia in older adults.
additionally , reduced attentional capacity in spatial processing was investigated in normal aging.
these results might suggest a conceptual difference between unilateral and bilateral spatial processing with the latter depending on additional anatomical and functional brain resources.
we identify @number@ and @number@ rbps to be significantly associated with age and gender respectively.
experimental verification of several of the predicted associations in mice confirmed our findings.
our results suggest that a small fraction of the gender-associated rbps ( ~40% ) are expressed higher in males than females.
altogether , these observations show that several of these rbps are important and conserved regulators in maintaining liver function.
indeed , both age and gender-associated rbps in liver were found to show significantly higher clustering coefficients and network centrality measures compared to non-associated rbps.
mammalian cells have cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aminoacyl-trna synthetases ( arss ) that catalyze aminoacylation of trnas during protein synthesis.
however , there are lacks of data resources and analytical tools that can be used to examine disease associations of ars / aimps.
ida includes mrna expression , somatic mutation , copy number variation and phosphorylation data of ars / aimps and their interacting proteins in various cancers.
therefore , ida provides both comprehensive data resources and analytical tools for understanding potential roles of ars / aimps in cancers.
studies have shown that white matter ( wm ) volumetric reductions and overall degradation occur with aging.
nonetheless little is known about the wm alterations that may underlie different cognitive status in older individuals.
a battery of neurocognitive / psychological tests was administered to assess the cognitive performance.
poor performers showed a higher slope for the positive association between wmsa volume and age compared to good performers.
the pathogenesis of delirium and the mechanisms leading to these disabling consequences remain unclear.
we investigated the association of mri-derived quantitative measures of white-matter damage , global brain , and hippocampal volume with the incidence and severity of delirium.
these @number@ presurgical mri indices were tested as predictors of incidence and severity of subsequent delirium.
out of @number@ subjects , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed delirium.
we found no statistically significant differences in wmh , whole brain , or hippocampal volume between subjects with and without delirium.
in persons without dementia , preexisting cerebral wmhs , general and hippocampal atrophy may not predispose to postoperative delirium or worsen its severity.
aging is an inevitable and multifactorial biological process.
however , recent investigations have also suggested that free radicals can act as modulators of several signaling pathways such as those related to sirtuins.
endogenously-produced melatonin , a powerful free radical scavenger , declines with age and its loss contributes to degenerative conditions of aging.
herein , we present a case report of a 29-year-old female with kienbock's disease in whom the x-ray was negative and mri incorrect.
if potential treatments are to be developed to treat insulin resistance , then it is important to fully understand insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
background : epigenetics is the study of processes beyond dna sequence alteration producing heritable characteristics.
for example , dna methylation modifies gene expression without altering the nucleotide sequence.
a well-studied dna methylation-based phenomenon is genomic imprinting ( ie , genotype-independent parent-of-origin effects ) .
design : gene ontology ( ie , gene product elucidation ) / meta-analysis.
data sources : @number@ skeletal muscle and @number@ imprinted genes were subjected to g : profiler ontology analysis.
meta-analysis assessed exercise-associated dna methylation change.
data extraction : g : profiler found four muscle gene networks with imprinted loci.
meta-analysis identified @number@ articles ( @number@ genes / 1580 individuals ) associated with exercise.
age , method , sample size , sex and tissue variation could elevate effect size bias.
data synthesis : only skeletal muscle gene networks including imprinted genes were reported.
exercise-associated effect sizes were calculated by gene.
age , method , sample size , sex and tissue variation were moderators.
dna methylation decreased with exercise ( @percent@ of loci ) .
exercise-associated dna methylation change was stronger among older people ( ie , age accounted for @percent@ of the variation ) .
among older people , genes exhibiting dna methylation decreases were part of a microrna-regulated gene network functioning to suppress cancer.
conclusions : imprinted genes were identified in skeletal muscle gene networks and exercise-associated dna methylation change.
exercise-associated dna methylation modification could rewind the ' epigenetic clock ' as we age.
trial registration number : crd42014009800.
we used data from the healthy aging and intellectual disability study ( ha-id ) to measure frailty in people with id.
frailty was measured with an adapted version of the frailty index , consisting of @number@ health and age related deficits.
in the current article we provide an overview of the design of the frailty index and its relation with adverse health outcomes.
results show that people with id were earlier and more severely frail than people from the general population.
using a hypothetical model , we identify possible interventions to increase the healthy life years in people with id.
previous research has shown the vast mental and physical health benefits associated with yoga.
studies measuring mental health outcomes have shown decreases in anxiety , and increases in cognitive performance after yoga interventions.
similar studies have also shown cognitive advantages amongst yoga practitioners versus non-practitioners.
after a narrowed search through a set of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria , @number@ articles were used in this review.
it was concluded that breathing , meditation , and posture-based yoga increased overall brain wave activity.
increases in graygray matter along with increases in amygdala and frontal cortex activation were evident after a yoga intervention.
yoga practice may be an effective adjunctive treatment for a clinical and healthy aging population.
further research can examine the effects of specific branches of yoga on a designated clinical population.
overall , these findings suggest that age differentially affects neural processing related to cognitive control during semantic categorization.
for this reason there has been a resurgent interest in investigating the role of inflammation during tissue repair and regeneration.
remarkably , there have only been a handful of such studies using organisms with high regenerative capacity.
study design and methods : rbcs were processed and stored according to australian blood banking guidelines.
ps exposure was determined by annexin v binding and flow cytometry.
efficacy of p2x antagonists was assessed by flow cytometric measurements of atp-induced ethidium + uptake in rpmi @number@ cells.
osmotic fragility was assessed by lysis in hypotonic saline.
rbcs were fractionated by discontinuous density centrifugation.
results : atp ( @number@ mmol / l ) induced ps exposure on rbcs stored for less than @number@ week.
this process was near-completely inhibited by the p2x7 antagonists a438079 and az10606120 and the p2x1 / p2x7 antagonist mrs2159 but not the p2x1 antagonist nf499.
atp-induced ps exposure on rbcs was not dependent on k + , na + , or cl- fluxes.
atp did not alter the osmotic fragility of stored rbcs.
atp-induced ps exposure was similar between rbcs of different densities.
atp-induced ps exposure was also similar between rbcs stored for less than @number@ week or for @number@ weeks.
conclusion : the propensity of rbcs to undergo p2x7-mediated ps exposure does not alter during in vivo and ex vivo aging.
thus , p2x7 activation is unlikely to be involved in the removal of senescent rbcs or stored rbcs after transfusion.
although previous studies indicate that cognitive control of speech perception is subject to developmental changes , its exact developmental trajectory has not been described.
background : the increasing burden of pneumonia in adults is an emerging health issue in the era of global population aging.
methods : a multicenter prospective surveillance for cop was conducted from @date@ to @date@ in japan.
the cop burden was estimated based on the surveillance data and national statistics.
results : a total of @number@ cop episodes out of @number@ hospital visits were enrolled during the surveillance.
the estimated annual number of adult cop cases in the entire japanese population was @number@ and @percent@ were aged ≥ @number@ years.
conclusions : a substantial portion of the cop burden occurs among elderly members of the japanese adult population.
spirituality's influence on general well-being and its association with healthy ageing has been studied extensively.
however , a different perspective has to be brought in when dealing with spirituality issues of ageing muslims.
central to this perspective is the intertwining of religion and spirituality in islam.
this article will contribute to the understanding of the nature of islamic spirituality and its immense importance in the life of a practicing ageing muslim.
consequently , it will help care providers to include appropriate spiritual care in the care repertoire of a muslim care recipient.
not only challenges , but also the opportunities that old age provides for charting the spiritual journey have underpinned this model.
data were obtained from a large longitudinal cohort study of initially nondemented individuals recruited via primary care chart registries and followed at 18-month intervals.
binary logistic regression and ( roc ) curve analyses were conducted in order to assess diagnostic accuracy parameters for mmse and smmse scores.
cross-sectional differentiation between dementia-free and dementia patients yielded moderate to good results for mmse and smmse scores.
with regard to most diagnostic accuracy parameters , smmse scores did not outperform the mmse scores.
the current study provides first evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the smmse score in a sample of older primary care patients.
however , our findings do not confirm previous findings that the smmse is a more accurate screening instrument for dementia than the original mmse.
objective : to determine the association between csf and pet amyloid biomarkers ( cross-sectional and longitudinal measures ) and compare the cutoffs for these measures.
data were obtained from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative database.
main outcomes and measures : four different pet scans processing pipelines from @number@ different laboratories were compared.
the apoe genotype significantly modified the association between both biomarkers.
the pet cutoff values derived from an unsupervised classifier converged with previous pet cutoff values and the established csf aβ1-42 cutoff levels.
there was no association between longitudinal aβ1-42 levels and standardized uptake value ratios during follow-up.
our findings suggest that both biomarkers measure different aspects of ad aβ pathology.
importance : increased pulse pressure associated with age-related arterial stiffening increases risk for alzheimer dementia but the mechanism responsible for this association remains unclear.
participants have been followed up longitudinally since @number@
the last date of examination was @date@ .
clinical follow-up between @number@ and @number@ months tracked progression to dementia.
main outcomes and measures : regression and analysis of covariance analyses investigated relationships between pulse pressure and distinct cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles.
survival analysis examined the effect of baseline pulse pressure on progression to dementia.
covariates were age , sex , apolipoprotein e genotype , body mass index , vascular risk factors , and antihypertensive medication use.
diastolic pressure was reduced in young old participants with isolated phosphorylated tau elevation ( p = @number@ ) .
diastolic contributions to these biomarker associations were limited to young old participants whereas systolic contributions were found only in very old participants.
the emergent themes were used to inform the design of the educational program delivered to adolescents and evaluated in study @number@
a total of @number@ year-9 students were allocated to an intervention or control condition.
analyses indicated significant improvements in knowledge , attitudes , and social skills related to older people in the intervention group compared to the control group.
the findings from these studies provide a better understanding of what constitutes respect for older people , and a method for improving this in adolescents.
objective : to examine associations between menopausal status and physical performance in middle-aged women from the northeast region of brazil.
methods : cross-sectional study of women between @number@ to @number@ years old living in parnamirim.
women were recruited by advertisements in primary care neighborhood centers across the city.
physical performance was assessed by grip strength , gait speed and chair stands.
menopausal status was determined using the stages of reproductive aging workshop classification and women were classified in : premenopausal , perimenopausal or postmenopausal.
results : the premenopausal women were significantly stronger and performed better in chair stands than perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
gait speed did not vary significantly by menopausal status.
in multivariate analyses , menopausal status remained statistically significant only for grip strength.
generalizability of the pattern of findings was also investigated in @number@ samples from the general adult population.
age was negatively related to general mental ability , with older executives scoring lower than younger executives.
for specific ability components , the direction and magnitude of age differences depended on the specific ability in question.
older executives scored higher on verbal ability , a measure most often associated with crystallized intelligence.
this finding generalized across samples examined in this study.
other measures of inductive reasoning , such as raven's advanced progressive matrices , also showed similar age group mean differences across settings.
implications for employee selection and adverse impact on older job candidates are discussed.
socioeconomic disparities are associated with differences in cognitive development.
the extent to which this translates to disparities in brain structure is unclear.
income was logarithmically associated with brain surface area.
these data imply that income relates most strongly to brain structure among the most disadvantaged children.
eryptosis is triggered by a wide variety of xenobiotics.
it is inhibited by several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules including no and erythropoietin.
the susceptibility of erythrocytes to eryptosis increases with erythrocyte age.
phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes are further engulfed by phagocytosing cells and are thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood.
eryptosis eliminates infected or defective erythrocytes thus counteracting parasitemia in malaria and preventing detrimental hemolysis of defective cells.
excessive eryptosis , however , may lead to anemia and may interfere with microcirculation.
facilitating or inhibiting eryptosis may be a therapeutic option in those disorders.
we have developed a new \ "drug \ " and approach that appear to be effective in reducing arterial age.
this \ "drug \ " represents a low , subtherapeutic dose of statin and sartan and particularly their low-dose combination.
this new \ "drug \ " and approach both merit further investigation in order to confirm their antiaging efficacy.
the dermal filler princess volume is a highly cross-linked , viscoelastic hyaluronic acid injectable gel implant used for aesthetic treatment.
to evaluate the efficacy and safety of princess volume in the treatment of nasolabial folds , an open-label uncontrolled , multicenter study was conducted.
forty-eight subjects were recruited who had moderate to deep wrinkles , according to the modified fitzpatrick wrinkle scale ( mfws ) .
subjects received princess volume in both nasolabial folds at day @number@
adverse events and treatment site reactions were recorded.
among the @number@ subjects , @percent@ were female with a median age of @number@ years.
princess volume was well tolerated , and most adverse events were injection site reactions of mild to moderate severity.
subject satisfaction ( @percent@ ) , subject recommendation of the treatment ( @percent@ ) , and investigators gais scores ( @percent@ improvement ) were high.
high levels of cardiovascular fitness ( crf ) and physical activity ( pa ) are associated with decreased mortality and risk to develop metabolic diseases.
the independent contributions of crf and pa to metabolic disease risk factors are unknown.
in conclusion subjects with a high amount of pa have more positive metabolic health parameters independent of crf.
pa is thus a good marker against metabolic diseases.
smoking accounts for a large share of lung cancer.
f2rl3 methylation was recently identified as a biomarker closely reflecting both current and past smoking exposure.
we aimed to assess the associations of f2rl3 methylation with lung cancer incidence and mortality.
in a large population-based cohort study , f2rl3 methylation was measured in baseline blood samples of @number@ participants by massarray.
the ability of f2rl3 methylation to predict lung cancer was examined by harrell's c statistics.
combination of f2rl3 methylation and pack-years predicted lung cancer incidence with high accuracy ( optimism-corrected harrell's c statistics = @number@ for participants≥65 years ) .
these findings suggested that f2rl3 methylation is a very strong predictor of lung cancer risk and mortality , particularly at older age.
the potential implications of f2rl3 methylation for early detection , risk stratification and prevention of lung cancer warrant further exploration.
artesunate ( art ) has high prophylactic efficacy against schistosoma japonicum infections and has been used to treat and prevent schistosomiasis in china since @number@
however , the molecular mechanism of art's effects on s. japonicum remains unclear.
@number@ proteins were quantified on the basis of @number@ unique peptides.
quantitative real-time pcr of selected genes verified the proteomic data.
thirty-four of the proteins differentially expressed under art treatment encoded hypothetical , uncharacterized proteins with unknown functions.
purpose : ω3 and ω6 fatty acids ( fa ) may have divergent effects on the development of obesity.
body weight was updated at a total of six time points during follow-up.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and there is currently no efficient cure for this devastating disease.
cognitive stimulation can delay memory loss during aging and in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
in @number@ × tg-ad mice , training decreased the neuropathologies with transient amelioration of memory decline.
however , the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the learning-improved memory capacity are poorly understood.
finally , the training also significantly ameliorated ad-like tau and amyloid pathologies.
unlabelled : the role of socioeconomic status in hip fracture incidence is unclear.
educational level and marital status may contribute to hip fracture risk.
introduction : the evidence on the association between socioeconomic status and hip fracture incidence is limited and inconsistent.
we investigated the potential association of education and marital status with hip fracture incidence in older individuals from europe and usa.
information on education and marital status was harmonized across cohorts.
hip fractures were ascertained through telephone interviews / questionnaires or through record linkage with registries.
associations were assessed through cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for several factors.
summary estimates were derived using random effects models.
respective hrs were @number@ ( @number@ % ci @number@.82-1.13 ) for men and @number@ ( @number@ % ci @number@.65-0.85 ) for women.
there was no suggestion for heterogeneity across cohorts ( p heterogeneity > @number@ ) .
the significance of translational research was emphasized in clinical sessions by physicians.
a special session , \ "thinking about scientific philosophy , \ " featured presentations by distinguished scientists from japan and korea.
the next symposium is anticipated in @number@ in jeju , korea.
study design : cross-sectional study.
setting : population-based sample.
a complete evaluation was performed , including a systematic evaluation of the ua prior to conducting psg.
results : nine-hundred ninety-three ( @percent@ ) of the participants were seen by an ear , nose , and throat ( ent ) specialist.
no anatomical differences were observed in the facial skeleton.
conclusion : this is the first study in which a systematic evaluation of the ua was followed by a sleep study in a population-based sample.
mutyh-associated polyposis ( map ) is an adenomatous polyposis transmitted in an autosomal-recessive pattern , involving biallelic inactivation of the mutyh gene.
loss of a functional mutyh protein will result in the accumulation of g : t mismatched dna caused by oxidative damage.
although p.y179c and p.g396d are the two most prevalent mutyh variants , more than @number@ missense variants have been detected.
it is difficult to determine whether these variants are disease-causing mutations or single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
although the majority of variants exhibited intermediate complementation relative to the wild type , some variants severely interfered with this complementation.
however , some variants retained functioning similar to the wild type.
in silico predictions of functional effects demonstrated a good correlation.
structural prediction of mutyh based on the muty protein structure allowed us to interpret effects on the protein stability or catalytic activity.
these data will be useful for evaluating the functional consequences of missense mutyh variants detected in patients with suspected map.
here , we describe a 2-year-old patient with a previously undescribed phenotype including right ventricular cardiomyopathy , progeroid features , and premature death.
sequencing of lmna revealed a novel heterozygous de novo mutation p.l306r located in the α-helical rod domain of a-type lamins.
furthermore , the patient cells were more sensitive to double-strand dna breaks.
background and aim : syncope and related falls are one of the main causes and the predominant cause of hospitalization in elderly patients with dementia.
however , the diagnostic protocol for syncope is difficult to apply to patients with dementia.
here , we describe the protocol , its feasibility and the characteristics of the patients enrolled in the study.
a simplified protocol was applied in all patients.
selected patients underwent a second-level evaluation.
vascular dementia had been previously diagnosed in @percent@ of participants , alzheimer's disease in @percent@ and mixed forms in @percent@.
conclusion : elderly patients with dementia enrolled for suspected syncope and unexplained falls have high comorbidity and disability.
the clinical presentation is often atypical and the presence of unexplained falls is particularly frequent.
loss of bone and muscle with advancing age represent a huge threat to loss of independence in later life.
osteoporosis represents a major public health problem through its association with fragility fractures , primarily of the hip , spine and distal forearm.
sarcopenia , the age related loss of muscle mass and function , may add to fracture risk by increasing falls risk.
recent work has highlighted a possible role for the early environment.
mutations in human mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) can cause mitochondrial disease and have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders , cancer , diabetes and aging.
yet our progress toward delineating the precise contributions of mtdna mutations to these conditions is impeded by the limited availability of faithful transmitochondrial animal models.
here we report the generation of a human csb-knockout cell line.
we find that csb facilitates hr and represses nhej.
depletion of 53bp1 rescues the formation of brca1 damage foci in csb-knockout cells.
in addition , knockout of csb impairs the atm- and chk2-mediated dna damage responses , promoting a premature entry into mitosis.
furthermore , we show that csb accumulates at sites of dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) in a transcription-dependent manner.
the kinetics of dsb-induced chromatin association of csb is distinct from that of its uv-induced chromatin association.
these results reveal novel , important functions of csb in regulating the dna dsb repair pathway choice as well as g2 / m checkpoint activation.
background / aim : the definition of muscle atrophy ( pre-sarcopenia ) and its diagnostic criteria have not been well reported.
methods : we enrolled @number@ cld ( @number@ with naïve hepatocellular carcinoma ) and @number@ normal control subjects ( ncs ) .
elderly was defined as @number@ years or older.
clinical features were retrospectively evaluated.
conclusion : retrospective evaluate for pre-sarcopenia was easy to perform with ct findings.
nutrition and exercise instruction should be considered for early stage and even non-elderly cld as well as lc.
papillary renal cell carcinoma ( prcc ) is the second most frequent renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) after clear cell rcc.
in contrast to clear cell rcc , there is no consensual protocol using targeted therapy for metastatic prcc.
moreover , diagnosis of some prcc , especially prcc of type @number@ ( prcc2 ) may be challenging.
our aim was to identify molecular biomarkers that could be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of prcc.
we studied the clinical , histological , immunohistological , and comprehensive genetic features of a series of @number@ prcc including @number@ prcc1 and @number@ prcc2.
we aimed to determine whether prcc represents a unique entity or several diseases.
we demonstrate that prcc is a heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct evolution.
we identified variants of the met gene in three prcc1.
a mutation in the braf gene was also identified in one prcc1.
in addition , using next-generation sequencing ( ngs ) , we identified several variant genes.
genomic profiling completed by ngs allowed us to classify prcc2 in several groups and to identify novel mutations.
our findings provide novel information on the pathogenesis of prcc that allow insights for personalized treatment.
these neuropathological features and aberrant brain microrna ( mirna ) expression patterns have been implicated in the etiopathogeneses of various neurodevelopmental and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders.
objective : to correlate glial ho-1 overexpression with altered mirna patterns , which have been linked to the aforementioned \ "core \ " neuropathological features.
methods : mirna microchip assays were performed on hmox1- and sham-transfected primary rat astroglia and affected mirnas were further validated by qpcr.
search is a prerequisite for successful performance in a broad range of tasks ranging from making decisions between consumer goods to memory retrieval.
how does aging impact search processes in such disparate situations ?
luteinizing hormone ( lh ) is a pituitary heterodimeric glycoprotein essential in male and female reproduction.
v-lh was detected by genotyping of the underlying dna polymorphisms using pcr-rflp combined with resequencing of a random subset of subjects.
genetic associations were tested using linear regression under additive model and results were combined in meta-analysis.
no significant difference was detected between young men and infertility patients for the v-lh allele frequency ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , respectively ) .
additionally , a suggestive trend for association with reduced testicular volume was observed among young men , and with lower serum fsh among infertility patients.
the v-lh carrier status did not affect sperm parameters and other circulating reproductive hormones.
for the first time , we show a conclusive contribution of v-lh to the natural variance in male serum lh levels.
its downstream clinical consequences are still to be learned.
these changes in transcriptome profile might contribute to gdm-dependent alterations in cardiac morphogenesis and placental development.
aging is exemplified by progressive , deleterious changes that increase the probability of death.
however , while the effects of age are easy to recognize , identification of the processes involved has proved to be much more difficult.
somewhat surprisingly , research using the budding yeast has had a profound impact on our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in aging.
neurodegeneration in bipolar disorder ( bpd ) is poorly understood.
therefore , the current study was designed to assess the immunohistochemical changes in neurodegenerative markers in patients with bpd.
eleven consecutive autopsy cases diagnosed with bpd were analyzed.
age- and non-argyrophilic grains ( ags ) degeneration matched controls were selected for each case.
clinical information was retrospectively collected from medical charts.
all patients were men , and the average age of death was @number@ years.
all cases showed ags to various degrees.
the patients who died in / after their 70s demonstrated ags similar to controls , except for the patient with cbd.
our data provides potentiality that neurodegenerative diseases may be an underlying pathology in certain cases of bpd.
however , the role of sirt6 in chondrocytes has not been fully explored.
the purpose of this study was to examine the role of sirt6 in human chondrocytes by inhibiting sirt6 in vitro.
design : first , the localization of sirt6 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( pcna ) in human cartilages was examined by immunohistochemistry.
furthermore , to detect dna damage and telomere dysfunction , γh2ax foci and telomere dysfunction-induced foci ( tifs ) were examined using immunofluorescence microscopy.
the protein levels of two mediators for dna damage induced-senescence , p16 and p21 , were examined by western blotting.
results : immunohistochemical analysis showed sirt6 was preferentially expressed in the superficial zone chondrocytes and pcna-positive cluster-forming chondrocytes in the osteoarthritic cartilage tissue samples.
real-time pcr analysis showed that matrix metalloproteinase @number@ ( mmp-1 ) and mmp-13 mrna were significantly increased by sirt6 inhibition.
moreover , sirt6 inhibition significantly reduced proliferation and increased senescence associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) -positive chondrocytes ; it also led to increased p16 levels.
immunofluorescence microscopy showed that γh2ax foci and tifs were increased by sirt6 inhibition.
conclusion : depletion of sirt6 in human chondrocytes caused increased dna damage and telomere dysfunction , and subsequent premature senescence.
these findings suggest that sirt6 plays an important role in the regulation of senescence of human chondrocytes.
background : charleston harbor has elevated concentrations of pfas in dolphins , but local human exposure data are limited.
objectives : we sought to describe pfas serum concentrations ' temporal trends among gullah african american residents of coastal south carolina.
we also modeled population-level trends among the @number@ participants with any data using proportionate percentile models , accounting for clustering through robust standard errors.
in a post-hoc analysis we examined heterogeneity of temporal trends by age through mixed-effects models for the log-transformed pfas compounds.
results : population concentrations of pfos dropped approximately @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) percent each year over 2003-2013.
several other compounds including pfoa , pfhxs , and pfunda also showed a population-level decrease.
however , examination of individual trajectories suggested substantial heterogeneity.
post-hoc analyses indicated that pfas trajectories were heterogeneous by age.
conclusions : many pfas compounds are decreasing in a sample of gullah african americans from coastal south carolina.
there may be age differences in the elimination kinetics of pfass.
the possible role of age as a modifier of pfas serum trends merits further research.
we discuss the biomechanical basis for iop-driven changes in connective tissues , blood flow , and cellular responses.
the widely observed between-subject variability in cognitive responses to coffee may have a genetic basis.
we explored whether they are influenced by gene variants affecting adenosine metabolism or catecholamine receptors.
the protocol was repeated 24h later with the alternative preparation.
cognitive tasks were performed between 30min and 2h after caf or decaf administration.
each subject underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for 2h.
blood samples were collected for genetic evaluations and for plasma caffeine and catecholamines measures.
we also found , however , a great inter-individual variability in the cognitive performance responses to caffeine.
in conclusion , variability in the attentional response to coffee may be partly explained by genetic polymorphisms of adenosine and adrenergic receptors.
skin aging is the most apparent form of senescence and could reflect the aging of inner organs.
molecular changes involved in innate immunity signaling , tumorigenesis , and inflammation were studied.
protein levels were evaluated based on the immunohistochemistry of the skin of @number@ young and old individuals.
with the exception of interleukin-6 in the dermal tissue , no upregulation was detected in the aged group.
aging in rodents and men is associated with reduced serum levels of testosterone and leydig cell testosterone productions.
reduced steroidogenesis in the knockout mice was associated with reduced antioxidant capacity , and increased expression of protein nitrotyrosine residues , a marker of ros.
tspo is a drug- and cholesterol-binding protein found at particularly high levels in steroid synthesizing cells.
its aberrant expression has been linked to cancer , neurodegeneration , neuropsychiatric disorders and primary hypogonadism.
brain steroids serve as local regulators of neural development and excitability.
reduced levels of these steroids have been linked to depression , anxiety and neurodegeneration.
reduced serum testosterone is common among subfertile young men and aging men , and is associated with depression , metabolic syndrome and reduced sexual function.
although testosterone-replacement therapy is available , there are undesired side-effects.
tspo drug ligands have been proposed as therapeutic agents to regulate steroid levels in the brain and testis.
cognitive training has been shown to be effective in improving cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
however , data on factors that may influence training gains including sociodemographic variables such as sex or age is rare.
patients participated in a six-week multidomain cognitive training program including @number@ sessions each @number@ min twice weekly in mixed groups with both women and men.
various cognitive domains were assessed before and after the intervention.
in contrast , the overall analyses with the total sample did not reveal any significant within-subject effects time.
in conclusion , our results give preliminary evidence for stronger cognitive training improvements of female compared to male mci patients.
more generally , they emphasize the importance of sex-sensitive evaluations of cognitive training effects.
possible underlying mechanisms of the found sex differences are discussed and directions for future research are given.
to date two main aging vascular lesions have been reported in elderly human retinas : acellular capillaries and microaneurysms.
however , their exact mechanism of formation remains unclear.
uhrf1 is recruited to dna lesions in vivo and binds directly to icl-containing dna.
uhrf1-deficient cells display increased sensitivity to a variety of dna damages.
we found that loss of uhrf1 led to retarded lesion processing and reduced recruitment of icl repair nucleases to the site of dna damage.
uhrf1 interacts physically with both ercc1 and mus81 , two nucleases involved in the repair of icl lesions.
a plausible reason for this is the intrinsic multi-causal and multi-system nature of the ageing process.
the recently completed mark-age study was a large-scale integrated project supported by the european commission.
balance disequilibrium is a significant contributor to falls in the elderly.
the most common cause of balance dysfunction is loss of sensory cells from the vestibular sensory epithelia of the inner ear.
however , inaccessibility of inner ear tissue in humans severely restricts possibilities for experimental manipulation to develop therapies to ameliorate this loss.
we provide a structural and functional analysis of human vestibular sensory epithelia harvested at trans-labyrinthine surgery.
we demonstrate the viability of the tissue and labeling with specific markers of hair cell function and of ion homeostasis in the epithelium.
primary open-angle glaucoma ( poag ) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells ( rgcs ) .
why rgcs degenerate in low-pressure poag remains poorly understood.
to gain mechanistic insights , we developed a novel mouse model based on a mutation in human optineurin associated with hereditary , low-pressure poag.
this mouse improves the design and phenotype of currently available optineurin mice , which showed high global overexpression.
mouse visual function was determined using visual evoked potentials , which revealed specific visual impairment in contrast sensitivity.
the e50k optineurin transgenic mouse described here exhibited clinical features of poag and may be useful for mechanistic dissection of poag and therapeutic development.
objective : to better understand the impact of genetics on resilience and successful aging , we tested a model of successful aging.
method : this was a descriptive study with a single interview and blood draw done with residents in a continuing care retirement community.
five genes associated with resilience were included in the model.
the hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling.
results : a total of @number@ participants completed the survey.
two snps from slc6a4 ( rs25533 and rs1042173 ) and age were the only variables associated with physical resilience and explained @percent@ of the variance.
objective : this study sought to examine the risk factors associated with hypertension among the elderly in ghana.
we focused on the association between chronic diseases , socioeconomic factors , and being hypertensive.
results : elderly ghanaians who had been diagnosed with arthritis , angina , diabetes , and asthma were significantly more likely to be hypertensive.
additionally , those depressed were found to be @number@ times more likely to be hypertensive.
two major issues need to be addressed in applying semiconductor biosensors to detecting proteins in immunoassays.
therefore , these proteins do not contribute to the sensor's surface potential change.
second , these proteins carry a small charge and can be easily affected by the ph of the surrounding solution.
this study proposes a magnetic bead-based immunoassay using a secondary antibody to label negatively charged dna fragments for signal amplification.
in addition , a normal ion intensity buffer can be used without dilution for the proposed method.
by using a @number@ base pair dna label , the signal was @number@ times greater than that without labeling.
furthermore , this study integrates a semiconductor sensor with a microfluidic chip.
in practice , a protein biomarker in a urinary bladder cancer patient's urine was successfully measured using this technique.
this study provides a convenient and effective method to measure protein using a semiconductor sensor.
our population ( n = @number@ patients ) was divided into nlr quartiles.
higher nlr was associated with aging and established cv risk factors , previous percutaneous coronary revascularization , acute presentation , and more complex pharmacological therapy.
the nlr was directly related to the prevalence of cad ( p = @number@ ) and severe cad ( p < @number@ ) .
in patients undergoing coronary angiography , the nlr is independently associated with the prevalence and severity of cad.
administering exogenous t , known as t-replacement therapy ( trt ) , reverses many of the symptoms of low t levels.
therefore , the development of alternate therapies for treating hypogonadism would be highly desirable.
we review herein our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of t formation in hypogonadal testis.
the results demonstrate the possible wide applicability of uv-a sterilization.
this study demonstrates the potential of polyphenols for protecting both the viability of cells and their ability to proliferate from damage caused by uv-a-irradiation.
methods : a representative sample of the region population was selected using a double randomization design.
previously trained medical students carried out face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions.
results : in all , @number@ subjects were interviewed.
seventy-three percent reported at least @number@ correct warning sign of stroke , whereas only @percent@ reported @number@
the most frequently mentioned were sudden weakness , dizziness , and headache.
only @percent@ named at least @number@ correct risk factor for stroke.
smoking and hypertension were mainly named.
forty percent of the respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge of stroke.
illness perception was generally correct.
conclusions : basic knowledge of stroke is insufficient among the general population of extremadura.
there is a discrepancy between theoretical stroke knowledge and illness perception.
these findings have implications for public health initiatives for stroke.
screening tests for diabetes mellitus include fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) and glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) .
our objective was to evaluate the utility of plasma glycated albumin ( ga ) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
design and methods : a cross-sectional , community-based population study of @number@ non-diabetic japanese residents was conducted.
results : the ogtt results were used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using world health organization criteria.
using these cutoff levels , the sensitivity of ga at @percent@ for detecting diabetes was the same as that of hba1c.
however the specificity for ga for detecting diabetes was @percent@ , while for hba1c it was higher at @percent@.
conclusions : our results indicate that the measurement of glycated albumin may serve as a useful screening test for diabetes in a general japanese population.
the association between genotype , pd risk and phenotype was tested using multivariate regression models.
however , the risk allele for tremor in this gene has been associated with reduced rls risk.
moreover , this association did not replicate in tremor-dominant pd patients from new-york.
conclusion : rls genetic risk markers are not associated with increased pd risk or subtype in the current study.
methods : we conducted a retrospective analysis of ltrs in a single institution.
results : between @number@ and @number@ among @number@ male ltrs , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had pc.
the mean age at diagnosis was @number@ years , and the time lapse between liver transplantation and diagnosis was @number@ months.
the median initial prostate-specific antigen level was @number@.4ng / ml.
in total , @number@ patients underwent radical prostatectomy.
histological findings showed @number@ pt2 and @number@ pt3 cancers.
a patient showed invasion in the lymph nodes and was treated with hormonotherapy.
another patient had a biochemical recurrence at @number@ months and underwent salvage radiotherapy.
after @number@ months of follow-up , no other patients showed any recurrence.
there was @number@ patient with metastatic disease who received hormonotherapy and died @number@ months after diagnosis.
conclusion : our incidence of intermediate- and high-risk pcs in ltrs was slightly higher than in the general population.
in the absence of any recommendations , individual screening should be proposed to ltrs.
the treatment of choice remains surgery or radiotherapy to ensure a good carcinologic control.
vitrification is an attractive alternative cryopreservation approach.
thus , hesc-ips exhibit robust tolerance to exposure to vitrification solutions in relevant conditions.
advanced aging is accompanied by a decline in visuospatial attention.
previous neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated dysfunction in specific brain areas related to visuospatial attention.
however , it is still unclear how the functional connectivity between brain regions causes the decline of visuospatial attention.
moreover , the older adults exhibited weakened resting-state functional connectivity between the supplementary motor area and left anterior insular cortex.
pneumonia cases can vary in both severity and chest x-ray findings.
elevated c-reactive protein ( crp ) levels may be an indicator of disease severity.
in a clinical study that evaluated the efficacy of sitafloxacin , @number@ patients with cap had been previously enrolled.
in our study , @number@ patients with pneumococcal pneumonia were identified among these @number@ cap patients.
significant correlations were observed between the extent of chest x-ray infiltration and crp levels in both cap and pneumococcal pneumonia.
this methodology is based on matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization mass spectrometric imaging ( maldi-msi ) .
in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy ( in vivo rcm ) and echography were also used.
a methodology was developed with maldi-msi to map epidermis and dermis proteins.
then maldi-msi was used to study age modifications.
in vivo rcm and high-frequency ultrasounds were used to evaluate ecm and edj undulation modifications caused by aging.
anti-aging molecule evaluations were performed with a blend of palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that the selected proteins were found to be less abundant in aged group explants vs. young group except for decorin.
maldi-msi studies correlated the results obtained for decorin.
in vivo rcm measurements indicated a decrease of edj undulation depth with age and ecm modifications in the upper part of dermis.
echography demonstrated that the peptide blend reduced subepidermal low-echogenic band thickness and improved its density.
in vivo rcm studies indicated that the peptides improved the ecm structure vs. placebo.
this preliminary maldi-msi study raised some technical difficulties that were overcome.
further studies will be conducted to identify more proteins and to demonstrate the interest of this method for cosmetic evaluations.
human studies on how aging effects wound healing will always be the gold standard , but studies have ethical and practical hurdles.
choosing an animal model is dictated by costs and animal lifespan that preclude large animal use.
overall , wound closure , reepithelialization , and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased with aging across different strains of mice and rats.
from studies in new zealand white rabbits , we found that reepithelialization and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased overall with aging.
we investigated that the impact of living alone on institutionalization and mortality in a population-based cohort of elderly people.
methods : data originate from the swedish national study on aging and care-kungsholmen.
participants aged ≥66 years and living at home ( n = @number@ ) at baseline underwent interviews and clinical examination.
data on living arrangements were collected in interviews.
all participants were followed for @number@ years ; survival status and admission into institutions were tracked continuously through administrative registers from @number@ to @number@
data were analysed using cox proportional hazard models , competing risk regressions and laplace regressions with adjustment for potential confounders.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) lived alone at baseline.
during the follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were institutionalized.
conclusions : living alone is associated with elevated mortality , especially among men and an increased risk of institutionalization.
over a 6-year period , living alone was related to a half year reduction in survival among elderly people in sweden.
the mark-age project involves @number@ european countries and a total of @number@ research centres.
in such a study , standard operating procedures ( sops ) are an essential task , which are binding for all mark-age beneficiaries.
information from about @number@ standardised questions and about @number@ analysed biomarkers needed to be documented per individual.
on the one hand handling with such a vast amount of data necessitates the use of appropriate informatics tools and the establishment of a database.
such secrecy obligation implies a well-designed and secure system for data storage.
the role of autophagy in retinal ganglion cell ( rgc ) death is still controversial.
as a model of aging , we used senescence-accelerated mice to provide new insights.
infectious proteins ( prions ) are , ironically , defined by their resistance to proteolytic digestion.
diagnosis of prion disease typically relies upon immunodetection of pk-digested prp ( sc ) by western blot , elisa or immunohistochemical detection.
pk digestion has also been used to detect differences in prion strains.
thus , pk has been a crucial tool to detect and , thereby , control the spread of prions.
pk has also been used as a tool to probe the structure of prp ( sc ) .
mass spectrometry and antibodies have been used to identify pk cleavage sites in prp ( sc ) .
these results have been used to identify the more accessible , flexible stretches connecting the β-strand components in prp ( sc ) .
the pathogenesis of sepsis is highly complex.
it is principally attributable to dysregulation of the innate immune system.
in the present review , we highlight emerging evidence that supports the notion that extracellular damps act as crucial proinflammatory danger signals.
furthermore , we discuss the potential of a wide array of damps as therapeutic targets in sepsis.
aims : biologically active phenomena , triggered by atherogenesis and inflammation , lead to aortic valve ( av ) calcification.
lipids play an important role in activating the cell signaling leading to av bone deposition.
data synthesis : the role of elevated low density lipoproteins for the risk of both vascular atherosclerosis and as has been elucidated.
lipid disorders act synergistically with other risk factors to increase prevalence of calcific as.
encouraging results from animal studies indicate that physical activity may counteract the biological processes inducing av degeneration.
conclusions : this review indicates a robust interplay between lipids , inflammation , and calcific as.
background : light at visible spectrum has been associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.
methods : uva-induced metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) expression in dermal fibroblast was used as a model system for investigation.
pretreatment with potent antioxidant n-acetylcysteine produced similar effect , suggesting enhanced antioxidant capacity induced by @number@ nm photomodulation.
conclusion : our results provided possible mechanistic insights explaining the effect of visible light on treating clinical conditions associated with ros-mediated dysfunctions.
in the present study , we isolated a novel hemagglutinin from an edible legume and explored its growth-inhibitory effect on osteocarcinoma and liver cancer cells.
the hemagglutinating activity of this hemagglutinin was demonstrated to be ion dependent and stable over a wide range of temperature and ph values.
antiproliferative activity was observed in the tumor cell lines mg-63 and hepg2 but not in the normal cell line wrl @number@
osteocarcinoma cells treated with the hemagglutinin underwent obvious cell shrinkage , chromatin condensation , mitochondrial membrane depolarization , and apoptosis.
iga prig activity varies significantly more than igg prig activity and , besides , iga prig significantly less depends on age than igg prig.
presbycusis and presbystasis represent relevant problems of aging , caused by the increase in life expectancy in developed countries.
as such , it is advantageous to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of these age-related inner ear diseases.
the hypothesis that presbycusis and presbystasis have a genetic background was proposed some years ago.
the aim of this paper is to present an overview of the information available in the current medical literature on presbycusis and presbystasis.
the use of plga / ha with a rubber dam significantly improved the periodontal parameters in both smoking and non-smoking subjects.
this improvement was nevertheless lower in smokers than the non-smokers , confirming the negative impact of smoking on periodontal regeneration.
methods : @number@ out of @number@ patients participating in a previous multicenter clinical-mri study were enrolled ( @percent@ were lost at follow-up ) .
in particular , being srwl a memory test , both immediate recall and delayed recall were evaluated.
mcst scoring was calculated based on the number of categories , number of perseverative and non-perseverative errors.
conclusion : in our large ms cohort , focal wm damage appeared to be the most relevant predictor of the long-term cognitive outcome.
methods : a mixed-methods study used an interview-guided theory-based survey of professional women aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the tool summarized evidence to address their needs and enabled women to monitor actions taken.
acceptability and usability were reported descriptively.
preferred information sources included written information ( @percent@ ) , counseling ( @percent@ ) , and social networking websites ( @percent@ ) .
five professionals ( dietitian , personal trainer , occupational therapist , and two physicians ) had similar responses.
of @number@ women sent the tool , @number@ provided acceptability feedback.
most would tell others about it ( @percent@ ) .
the amount of information was rated as just right ( @percent@ ) , but the tool had limited space for responding ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : when making decisions about body weight management , women's needs were \ "getting information \ " and \ "getting support. \ "
the knowledge translation tool was acceptable and usable , but further evaluation is required.
participants were randomized to either ccbt ( n = @number@ ) or rcbt ( n = @number@ ) .
the intervention in both groups consisted of ten 50-minute sessions delivered remotely during @number@ weeks ( @percent@ by telephone ) .
response rates and remission rates were also similar.
these preliminary findings suggest that ccbt and rcbt are equivalent treatments of major depression in persons with chronic medical illness.
efficacy , as well as adherence , may be affected by client religiosity.
purpose : cerebral microvascular disease is associated with dementia.
differences in the topography of the retinal vascular network may be a marker for cerebrovascular disease.
we measured retinal vascular fractal dimension ( df ) as a potential marker of cerebral microvascular disease.
we examined the extent to which it contributes to differences in non-pathological cognitive ability in old age , after adjusting for childhood mental ability.
iq scores were available from childhood.
retinal vascular df was calculated with monofractal and multifractal analysis , performed on custom-written software.
multiple regression models were applied to determine associations between retinal vascular df and general cognitive ability ( g ) , processing speed , and memory.
results : only three out of @number@ comparisons ( two eyes × four df parameters × three cognitive measures ) were found to be significant.
this is little more than would be expected by chance.
no single association was verified by an equivalent association in the contralateral eye.
conclusions : the results show little evidence that fractal measures of retinal vascular differences are associated with non-pathological cognitive ageing.
reduced food intake , avoiding malnutrition , can ameliorate aging and aging-associated diseases in invertebrate model organisms , rodents , primates , and humans.
lowered intake of particular nutrients rather than of overall calories is also key , with protein and specific amino acids playing prominent roles.
nutritional modulation of the microbiome can also be important , and there are long-term , including inter-generational , effects of diet.
the notion of dietary balance is fundamental to health yet is not captured by focusing on the intake of energy or single nutrients.
advances in nutritional geometry have begun to unravel and integrate the interactive effects of multiple nutrients on health , lifespan , aging , and reproduction.
another pathway that was found bypassed 1-c metabolites ( hps → iron st → antiox ) .
purpose : aging is known to influence temporal processing , but its relationship to speech perception has not been clearly defined.
method : in experiment @number@ r-spin sentence lists were matched on context , target-word length , and median word segment length necessary for target recognition.
in experiment @number@ tgw recognition was assessed in quiet and in noise among adults of various ages with normal hearing to moderate hearing loss.
linear regression models of the minimum word duration necessary for correct identification and identification failure rates were developed.
age and hearing thresholds were modeled as continuous predictors with corrections for correlations among multiple measurements of the same participants.
conclusion : whereas hearing loss was strongly related to target-word recognition , the effect of aging was only weakly related to task performance.
these results have implications for the design and evaluation of studies of hearing and aging.
purpose : to examine the scope of the peer-reviewed literature on the use of commercially available video gaming in rehabilitation.
methods : five databases ( scopus , cochrane , psycinfo , pubmed and cinahl ) were searched for articles published between @date@ and @date@ .
the reference lists of selected articles were also reviewed to identify other relevant studies.
results : thirty articles met the inclusion criteria.
the nintendo wii was the most prevalent gaming system ( @percent@ or 27 / 30 studies ) used in the identified studies.
conclusion : video gaming in rehabilitation is widely used by clinicians.
there is a need for more robust clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of using video game systems as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation.
video gaming is becoming an increasingly popular adjunct to traditional therapy.
video gaming is most commonly used by physical therapists in a hospital setting for those with balance impairments.
video gaming has been shown to improve functional outcomes.
method : a cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the arise prototype against other has.
the time taken by participants to use each has was also collected.
time taken to use each has from fastest to slowest was : stairs , the arise , ramp , pl and stair glide.
conclusions : results from this study provide greater understanding of user perspectives of has.
there is no age at which ends the expression of sexuality and intimacy.
through education , quality of life and advances in medicine , the average life expectancy is still increasing.
hormonal changes and other physiological changes associated with aging affect sexual interest.
erectile dysfunction is a problem in men increasing with age.
there is no evidence that premature ejaculation is more common in older age.
cross-sectional studies showed no difference in sexual dysfunction between older and younger women.
age is not a barrier to sexually transmitted diseases.
the most common pathogenetic factors for male erectile dysfunction are vascular diseases.
in women , the most important symptoms of sexual dysfunction are lack of emotional wellbeing and a sense of intimacy during sexual intercourse.
the aim of this study is to provide an extended understanding of the influence of dccs on family caregivers ( fcs ) .
the quality of the studies was evaluated by the mixed-methods appraisal tool ( mmat ) .
the quality of the dcc influenced its use , and the fc's motivation to care for the pwd.
fc's gender , role , individual needs , pwd behavioural problems and need for assistance played an important role.
objectives : drug use is a modifiable risk factor for fall-related injuries in older people.
whereas the injurious effect of polypharmacy is established , that of low numbers of medications has not been fully ascertained.
neither do we know whether it is the number per se or the type of medications that actually matters.
we assessed this question for fall injuries leading to hospitalization.
design : national register-based , population-based , matched case-control study.
setting : community dwellers aged 65 + years living in sweden between @date@ and @date@ .
conclusion : in older people , not only large but also small numbers of medications may affect the risk for them to sustain injurious falls.
most molecular hallmarks of cellular senescence have been identified in studies of cells aged in vitro by driving them into replicative or stress-induced senescence.
comparatively , less is known about the characteristic features of cells that have aged in vivo.
formation of such foci was neither accompanied by increased dna double strand breaks , nor decreased cell viability , nor telomere shortening.
however , it was associated with the development of a secretory phenotype , indicating incipient cell senescence.
seventy of these proteins exhibited an age-dependent secretion pattern and were accordingly denoted ' skin aging-associated secreted proteins ( saasp ) '.
in conclusion , fibroblasts isolated from intrinsically aged skin exhibit some , but not all , molecular hallmarks of cellular senescence.
most importantly , they secrete a unique pattern of proteins that is distinct from the canonical sasp and might reflect specific processes of skin aging.
the prevalence of hiv ( human immunodeficiency virus ) associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of hiv-infected persons.
hiv infection , itself , as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications.
these comorbidities confound the diagnosis , assessment , and interventions for neurocognitive disorders.
purpose : a spontaneous frameshift mutation , c.3481delc , in the crb1 gene is the underlying cause of dysplasia and retinal degeneration in rd8 mice.
the rd8 mutation is found in c57bl / 6n but not in c57bl / 6j mouse sub-strains.
genotyping the mice for the rd8 ( del c at nt3481 in crb1 ) and ctrp5 s163r mutations was performed with allelic pcr or sequencing.
retinal morphology was studied with fundus imaging , histology , light microscopy , electron microscopy , and immunohistochemistry.
results : genotype analysis of the mice in l-ord mouse colony detected the rd8 mutation in the homozygous and heterozygous state.
further , the external limiting membrane was continuous in the ctrp5 + / - ; rd8 / rd8 and wtrd8 / rd8 mice.
unlike neurons , astrocytes are resistant to aβ cytotoxicity , which may , in part , be related to their greater reliance on glycolytic metabolism.
we further investigated age-dependent changes in pfkfb3 and astrocytes in ad transgenic mice ( tgcrnd8 ) that overexpress human aβ.
furthermore , pfkfb3 expression also demonstrated an increase in these mice , although at a later age ( @number@ months ) than gfap and aβ.
these studies shed light on the unique bioenergetic mechanisms within astrocytes that may contribute to the development of ad pathology.
the lack of a formal definition of human longevity continues to generate confusion about its genetic and nongenetic determinants.
these results emphasize the importance of consistently defining the longevity phenotype in terms of rarity of survival for appropriate comparisons across studies.
translational research for neurodegenerative disease depends intimately upon animal models.
remarkably , mouse models frequently upregulated stress response genes that were consistently downregulated in human diseases.
among potential alternate models of neurodegeneration , mouse prion disease outperformed all other disease-specific models.
relative to mouse models , mouse disease signatures demonstrated consistent trends toward preserved mitochondrial function protein catabolism , dna repair responses , and chromatin maintenance.
purpose : the national breast and cervical cancer early detection program through each state's administration serves millions of low-income and uninsured women aged 40-64.
results : under medicare , almost @number@ % of women with any bccp use were re-screened versus @number@ % of non-bccp users.
among black non-hispanics , the difference for any bccp user was @number@ % points and for regular users , @number@ % points.
a larger percentage of bccp users were diagnosed at in situ or localized disease stage than overall.
conclusions : the majority of women aging out of the ga bccp 2000-2005 had used the program to obtain regular mammography.
regular users of ga bccp continued to be screened within appropriate intervals once enrolled in medicare due perhaps to educational and support components of bccp.
skin age levels measured in biopsy specimens are associated with the development and progression of diabetic microangiopathy.
recently , accumulation levels of ages in the skin can be measured non-invasively by autofluorescence.
multidisciplinary approach for proximal femoral fracture was organized in the hospital.
inter and intra division obstacles were discussed.
after general consensus of the team was obtained , manuals and guidelines of the each division were prepared.
in addition to this , the electrical chart specific for the proximal femoral fracture was made which enables to eliminate in-hospital reference letters.
as the results , all patients were examined by internal medicine doctors at the time of admission.
average interval from the time of admission to surgery became @number@ days.
closer relationship with psychiatrist made early detection and treatment of delirium possible.
proximal femoral fracture in osteoporotic fracture is related to the life prognosis in the most severe.
many also report that has been reduced due to the spread of osteoporosis treatment in the world.
we also have investigated the secular trends in the hip fracture incidence from 1985-2010.
proximal femoral fracture has been increasing in @number@ and there are no reports that have decreased.
in japan , where an aging society is to continue in the future , we need urgent countermeasure.
the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) presents an increasing prevalence in elderly people.
a significant role in mets is played by the stress response and cortisol.
a novel therapeutic approach ( 11β-hsd1 inhibition ) is promising in treating the hpa axis hyperactivity in chronic diseases with mets.
conclusions : this study provides insights that a high pro-inflammatory status in sedentary obese elderly women might impair muscle strength and negatively affect fat-free mass.
thus , elderly women classified with high pro-inflammatory status for il-6 should receive further health care attention to prevent this deleterious condition.
causes of death for french olympic athletes and female elite athletes have not been studied.
hypothesis / purpose : we aimed to measure overall and disease-specific mortality of french female and male olympians compared with the french general population.
we hypothesize that olympians , both women and men , have lower mortality rates.
study design : cohort study ; level of evidence , @number@
causes of death were obtained via the national death registry from @number@ to @number@
overall and disease-specific mortalities of olympians were compared with those of the french general population through standardized mortality ratios ( smrs ) and @percent@ cis.
olympians ' observed and expected survivals were illustrated by kaplan-meier curves.
results : at the endpoint of the study , @number@ women and @number@ men had died.
the main causes of death in french olympians are neoplasms , cardiovascular diseases , and external causes.
middle-aged and elderly women constitute a large and growing proportion of the population.
currently , no framework for the concept of healthy menopause exists , despite its recognized importance.
circadian aging in humans is characterized by a phase advance , accompanied by rhythm fragmentation and flattening.
circadian system maturation was associated with an increase in amplitude and a reduction in skin temperature during sleep.
in summary , distal skin temperature pattern can be used as a robust variable to discern between different ages throughout the life.
previous studies have shown that humans are sensitive to statistical patterns indicating the likely locations , identities , and timings of visual targets.
in particular , we asked whether participants can use patterns arising from differential distributions of intertarget lags across trials to predict the arrival of t2.
experiments @number@ and @number@ showed that the aging condition yielded greater t2 accuracy at longer lags than did the nonaging condition.
in experiment @number@ we used a more sensitive response time measure to show faster t2 discrimination at shorter lags in the nonaging condition.
capsaicin is the major pungent component of the hot chili peppers of the genus capsicum , which are consumed worldwide as a food additive.
more recently , the selective action of capsaicin against cancer cells has been reported.
capsaicin was found to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of a wide range of cancer cells in vitro , whereas being inactive against normal cells.
capsaicin was unable to provoke apoptotic cell death when used up to @number@ μm concentrations.
capsaicin induced oxidative stress , but was ineffective in provoking the dissipation of the mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential.
a different magnitude of p53 binding protein @number@ ( 53bp1 ) recruitment contributed to diverse capsaicin-induced genotoxic effects in du145 and a549 cells.
capsaicin was also found to be a dna hypermethylating agent in a549 cells.
aging is associated with reduced tissue regenerative capacity.
recent studies support this idea.
in this review , we will summarize the current knowledge of the rejuvenating effect of pregnancy on the mother.
method : twenty-seven ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) community-dwelling older adults attended @number@ data collection events.
participants attended a presentation titled hearing health in older adults , which was delivered by a trained presenter in a peer-teaching-peer format.
following each presentation , a focus group discussion took place.
digital audio recordings , field notes , and memos of the discussions were used to create verbatim transcripts.
data were analyzed using qualitative description and thematic analysis techniques.
recent epidemiological studies from various countries point at the mounting incidence of cancer.
this continuous increase in the number of cancer cases will keep its pace in the future.
the lifetime risk of cancer for people born since @number@ is forecast to be more than @percent@.
design : systematic review of randomised clinical trials and pre-post intervention studies with meditative interventions for caregivers.
data sources : pubmed , embase , cinahl and psycinfo were searched up to @date@ .
of @number@ abstracts returned , @number@ studies were examined in full text with @number@ eligible for systematic review.
objective : the effect of different exercise programs on cervical flexor muscles dimensions in patients with chronic neck pain is yet to be demonstrated.
methods : following ethical approval , @number@ patients were randomly assigned into either a ccf group or a cf group.
patients in the ccf group were given ccf exercises and those in the cf group received cf exercises.
all patients received interventions for a period of ten weeks.
pain intensity and functional disability were assessed using numerical pain rate scale and neck disability index , respectively.
dimensions of longus colli ( lc ) and sternoclidomastoid ( scm ) muscles were measured using ultrasonography ( us ) .
all measurements were taken before and after interventions.
a statistically significant increase was found on scm thickness in the cf group.
following intervention , scm thickness measurement in the ccf group showed no significant changes.
statistically significant decrease on pain intensity and disability were also found in both groups.
psychosocial interventions have the potential to alleviate and prevent depression symptoms among older amd patients.
methods : we describe the protocol of the macular degeneration and aging study , a randomized clinical trial of a psychosocial preventive problem-solving intervention.
the intervention is aimed at enhancing well-being and future planning among older adults with macular degeneration by increasing preparation for future care.
results : adequate randomization and therapeutic fidelity were achieved.
current retention rates were acceptable , given the vulnerability of the population.
acceptability ( adherence and satisfaction ) was high.
little is known about the psychosocial factors that might impact the functioning ability of heterosexual men living with hiv.
study participants were primarily minority and low income.
sixty-four percent were african-american , @percent@ were single , and @percent@ were @number@ years of age or older.
the majority had long-term hiv ( lthiv ) , with an average duration of @number@ years since diagnosis.
age and duration of hiv diagnosis were not associated with physical and global functioning.
study findings have implications for developing interventions aimed at increasing and retaining functioning ability with the end goal of improving successful aging in this population.
objectives : prior integrative reminiscence interventions have had a limited focus on attachment themes.
the attachment-focused integrative reminiscence ( afir ) intervention differs from these in its central emphasis on attachment themes.
conclusion : integrative reminiscence interventions are cost effective , have rapid impact , and carry a certain appeal to older adults.
augmenting such interventions with a focus on attachment experiences may reduce perceived stress , an important health risk factor.
wider application of afirs may further reduce health disparities among us older adults.
objective : to identify early changes in brain structure and function that are associated with cardiovascular risk factors ( cvrf ) .
design : cross-sectional brain magnetic resonance i ( mri ) study.
setting : community based cohort in three u.s. sites.
total intracranial volume is tbv plus cerebral spinal fluid ( ticv ) .
a global cognitive function ( gcf ) score was derived from tests of speed , memory and executive function.
the gcs was lower as tbv decreased , awm increased , and wm-fa ( all p < 0.01 ) .
however , its contribution to breast cancer remains controversial.
this study investigated the role of yap in breast cancer cells under nutrient deprivation ( nd ) .
here , we show that yap knockdown sensitized mcf7 breast cancer cells to nutrient deprivation-induced apoptosis.
furthermore , in response to nd , yap increased the autolysosome degradation , thereby enhancing the cellular autophagic flux in breast cancer cells.
of note , autophagy is crucial for yap to protect mcf7 cells from apoptosis under nd conditions.
in addition , the tea domain ( tead ) family of growth-promoting transcription factors was indispensable for yap-mediated regulation of autophagy.
objectives : person-centered care ( pcc ) is an innovative approach which seeks to improve the quality of care services given to the care-dependent elderly.
at present there are no spanish language instruments for the evaluation of pcc delivered by elderly care services.
the aim of this work is the adaptation and validation of the person-centered care assessment tool ( p-cat ) for a spanish population.
the reliability and validity of the p-cat were analyzed , within the frameworks of classical test theory and item response theory models.
results : the spanish p-cat demonstrated good reliability , with an alpha coefficient of @number@ and a test-retest reliability coefficient of @number@
the factorial structure of the test is essentially one-dimensional and the item discrimination indices are high , with values between @number@ and @number@
music has implications for well-being and for therapy , notably for individuals living with dementia.
a number of excellent scales or questionnaires are now available to measure music engagement.
unlike these scales , the museq may be completed by either the participant or an informant.
method : study @number@ drew on a community-based sample of @number@ participants.
exploratory factor analysis revealed six interpretable factors , which formed the basis for construction of six subscales.
informants completed the museq , and the oa group also completed the self-report version of the museq.
both groups had an interview in which they described the place music had in their lives.
these interviews were scored by three independent raters.
results : the museq showed excellent internal consistency.
five of the factor-derived subscales showed good or excellent internal consistency.
museq scores were moderately correlated with a global rating of ' musicality ' and with music education.
there was strong agreement between self-report and informant-report data.
museq scores showed a significant positive relationship to independent ratings of music engagement.
conclusion : the museq provides a meaningful and reliable option for measuring music engagement among participants who are unable to complete a self-report questionnaire.
background : interest in 3d inertial motion tracking devices ( ahrs ) has been growing rapidly among the biomechanical community.
absolute accuracy was assessed by comparison of the ahrs orientation measurements to those of an optical gold standard.
relative accuracy was evaluated using the variation in relative orientation between modules during the trials.
findings : both absolute and relative accuracy decreased over time during 2mt.
all top ranking loci for urate effect differences between bmi categories were novel and most had small magnitude but opposite direction effects between strata.
finally , pathway analysis suggested a role for n-glycan biosynthesis as a prominent urate-associated pathway in the lean stratum.
these results illustrate a potentially powerful way to monitor changes occurring in obesogenic environment.
method : a prospective cohort / cross-sectional study was designed.
results : subjects ranged in age from @number@ to @number@ years , with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years.
the demtect® polish language version proved to be independent of age and education level.
conclusion : the polish language version of the demtect® scale is easy to administer.
background : the regenerative property of fat grafting has been described.
methods : this study was performed in six consecutive patients who were candidates for face lift and whose ages ranged between @number@ and @number@ years.
the patients underwent sampling of fat by liposuction from the abdominal region.
the injection of fat and its stromal vascular fraction or expanded mesenchymal stem cells was performed in the preauricular areas.
fragments of skin were removed before and @number@ months after each treatment and analyzed by optical and electron microscopy.
the ultrastructural examination showed a modified tridimensional architecture of the reticular dermis and the presence of a richer microvascular bed.
similar results following treatment with expanded mesenchymal stem cells were observed.
in this note we explain by an example what we understand by a balance situation and by a balance equation in terms of measures.
this is an area which potentially has important service implications.
method : a systematic literature search for qualitative research papers was undertaken in @date@ .
meta-synthesis was conducted on the data within the found papers.
ultimately , this review adds further weight to arguments to refocus dementia care on relationships in addition to individuals.
the intervention was composed of a 6-week program of combined activities including cognitive training , tai chi exercise , and group counseling.
intriguingly , the intervention-induced changes in the coherence of local spontaneous activity correlated with the improvements in individual cognitive performance.
a sheet of choroid plexus epithelial cells extends into each cerebral ventricle and secretes signaling factors into the csf.
we then show that molecular heterogeneity between telencephalic and hindbrain choroid plexi contributes to region-specific , age-dependent protein secretion in vitro.
transcriptome analysis of facs-purified choroid plexus epithelial cells also predicts their cell-type-specific secretome.
spatial domains with distinct protein expression profiles were observed within each choroid plexus.
we propose that regional differences between choroid plexi contribute to dynamic signaling gradients across the mammalian cerebroventricular system.
cochlear activity is regulated by the olivo-cochlear bundle , which originates from the brainstem and projects onto the hair cells and auditory nerve fibers.
the input of the efferent systems on hair cells occurs during development and persists in the adult cochlea.
in addition , efferent innervations undergo plasticity during pathological conditions such as noise-trauma or aging.
background : retinol is used to reduce symptoms of skin aging.
it affects surface lipids and increases skin regeneration ability.
the measurements were carried out before each of the @number@ retinol peel treatments applied at 3-week interval and @number@ weeks after the last treatment.
results : a statistically significant increase of lipid film in both u-zone and t-zone and on the neck was observed in the study group.
conclusion : retinol peel treatments can help to increase the amount of skin surface lipids in women during menopause.
four compounds have been isolated and purified by rigorous column chromatography.
this study is the first to report the isolation of acetoxyisovaleryl alkannin ( aan-ii ) from a. nobilis.
collagen-i , elastin and involucrin syntheses in human dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes were up regulated by aan-ii.
these results support the potential utility of alkannins as novel anti-ageing ingredients.
i also indicate how new insights into skin biology , disease , and aging may come from unexpected sources.
the aim of the present study was 2-fold.
first , two experiments were devised to further investigate secondary distinctiveness-based effects in relation to aging.
the results of experiment @number@ revealed that a repeated study-test procedure may to some extent facilitate the free recalling of bizarre images in older adults.
surprisingly , for both older adults and ad patients , results of experiment @number@ revealed a similar od effect across all study-test cycles.
the findings of both experiments were related to previous work suggesting that the bizarreness effect and the od effect are mediated by different processing.
rationale , aims and objectives : improving the possibilities for ageing persons to take control over their health is an increasingly important public health issue.
the specific feasibility objectives were to assess recruitment procedure , retention rates , study questionnaire administration and variability of collected data.
the data analysis was explorative and descriptive.
results : the results visualized structural and linguistic barriers to recruitment and study questionnaire administration , and describe strategies for how to bridge them.
retention rates and data variability were satisfying.
conclusions : calling for iterative and pragmatic programme design , the findings describe how to move towards a more inclusive health care environment.
method : in @number@ experiments , younger and older adults with normal hearing listened to and identified vocal emotions in the tess stimuli.
participants in both experiments completed audiometric testing ; participants in experiment @number@ also completed @number@ tests of suprathreshold auditory processing.
results : identification by both age groups was above chance for all emotions.
accuracy was lower for older adults in both experiments.
the pattern of results was similar across age groups and experiments.
these findings indicate that muscle weakness in old age stems in part from an impaired capacity for force production in the individual muscle fibres.
endogenous and maximal sr ca ( 2 + ) content were significantly smaller in both type i and type ii fibres in old subjects.
western blotting showed an increased proportion of type i fibres in old subjects , and increased amounts of calsequestrin-2 and calsequestrin-like protein.
aim : to develop a home nursing quality scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties.
method : this was a 3-year study.
content analysis was carried out and a pool of questionnaire items compiled.
the study population was the co-resident primary caregivers of home care nursing service users.
item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were carried out on data from @number@ self-administered questionnaires collected from @number@ selected home care organizations.
confirmatory factor analysis was then carried out on the scale , and the validity and reliability of the scale assessed.
results : the present study developed a reliable and valid home nursing quality scale from the perspective of users of home nursing services.
the scale comprised three factors : dependability , communication skills and service usefulness.
this scale is of practical value for the promotion of long-term community care aging in local policies.
conclusion : the scale is ready to be used to assess the quality of services provided by home care nursing organizations.
added bran and germ should be reported distinctly from whole grains.
of these measures , reporting whole-grain intake in grams is essential for future research work in the area.
improving reporting and estimation of whole-grain intake will enable easier comparison between different studies and lead to stronger meta-analyses in the future.
design : retrospective survival analysis with the application of the cox proportional hazards model.
setting : teaching geriatric unit.
participants : @number@ inpatients ( mean age @number@ @number@ ) discharged from geriatric ward during year @number@ without any exclusion criteria.
records on the dates of deaths were obtained from the provincial office of population register.
results : during the @number@.5-year follow-up @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients died.
conclusion : older age , worse iadl and cognitive functioning , and higher comorbidity were recognized as endangering one's long-term survival.
however , the particular nutritional status of the sarco-osteoporotic ( sop ) patients remains unknown.
the goal of this study was to obtain a comprehensive picture of nutritional status in sop patients.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : falls and fractures clinic , nepean hospital ( penrith , australia ) .
participants : @number@ subjects ( mean age = 79 , @percent@ female ) assessed between 2008-2013.
difference between groups was assessed with one-way anova and chi square analysis.
multivariable linear regression evaluated the association between the groups and measures of nutritional parameters.
mean age of the sop was @number@.4±7 years.
sop patients showed significantly higher prevalence of falls and fractures.
multivariate analysis showed that a mna score < 12 was independently associated with sop compared to normal when adjusted for age and gender.
therefore , nutritional assessment and early nutritional supplementation should be essential domains in this strategy.
socio-demographic determinants , co-morbidities , functional and cognitive evaluation , and incident mortality were taken into account.
results : mean age was @number@ ( sd ± @number@ ) years.
ws and tmt-a speed have very low concordance ( kappa coefficient = .05 ) .
the correlates of each measure were different : mostly clinical co-morbidities for ws , and mostly cognition and function for tmt-a speed.
however , tmt-a speed and ws are both independent predictors of death after seven years of follow-up.
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : a population-based study of very old people in northern sweden and western finland , living in institutional care or in the community.
participants : out of @number@ potential participants , @number@ were included ( mean age @number@.2±4.6 years ) .
measurements : nutritional status was assessed using bmi and mna and the association of those two variables with five-year mortality was analyzed.
thirteen percent were malnourished ( mna < 17 ) and @percent@ at risk of malnutrition ( mna 17-23.5 ) according to mna.
also , @percent@ of those with a mna score < 17 still had a bmi value ≥22.2 kg / m2.
a bmi value < 22.2 kg / m2 and a mna score < 17 were associated with lower survival.
the association with mortality seemed to be j-shaped for bmi , and linear for mna.
the association with mortality appeared to be j-shaped for bmi , and linear for mna.
design , setting , participants : this qualitative study comprised @number@ persons with ad and spousal caregivers of our trial.
our intervention during one year involved tailored nutritional guidance for these couples.
thematic content analysis served to analyse our data with the grounded theory approach.
home visits by the nutritionist were convenient and participants felt that someone cares.
group meetings which included protein-rich snacks strengthened the nutritional message by enabling discussions and socialising.
the oral nutritional supplements ( ons ) helped participants to regain their energy and to motivate them to exercise and make changes in their diets.
obstacles to making changes in diets included participants ' false ideas about nutrition , especially with regard to weight gain.
health problems and functional limitations hampered food management , and some families had inveterate eating habits.
the positive feedback from participants indicated the feasibility of our tailored nutritional guidance.
methods : in this long-term prospective cohort study , data were retrieved from the taiwan longitudinal study on aging.
this study was initiated from @number@ until @number@
the complete data from @number@ males and @number@ females aged ≥67 years were retrieved.
participants received financial , instrumental , and emotional support , and they actively provided instrumental and emotional support to others and involved in social engagement.
education attainment was divided into two levels : high and low.
the low education level included illiterate and elementary school.
the high education level included junior high school to senior high school and above college.
cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between providing or receiving social support on mortality with different educational levels.
most participants were low educational level including illiterate ( @percent@ ) and elementary school ( @percent@ ) .
participants with high educational level tend to be younger and more male significantly.
most participants received instrumental support from others ( @percent@ ) and also provided emotional support to others ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : providing instrumental social support to others confer benefits to the giver and prolong life expectancy among the elderly with low educational levels.
the secondary aim was to perform a selective subgroup analysis when possible differentiating between healthy and sarcopenic subjects.
moreover , biomarkers of glucose metabolism ( fasting glucose , fasting insulin , albumin , and homa index ) were extracted when possible.
data analysis was performed using the review manager @number@ software.
results : a total of @number@ studies enrolling @number@ subjects met the inclusion criteria.
all other parameters under investigation were not affected by leucine supplementation in a fashion significantly different from controls.
objectives : to investigate the association of dietary patterns with a 3-year incidence of depression among healthy older adults.
energy and macronutrient intakes were also analyzed as potential predictors of depression.
setting : cities of montréal , laval , and sherbrooke in quebec , ca.
results : @number@ people ( @percent@ women ) became depressed over the @number@ years.
no other dietary pattern was associated with the incidence of depression.
the highest tertile of energy intake was associated with lower depression incidence after controlling for all confounders ( or @number@ 95%ci @number@.34-0.87 ) .
conclusion : among healthy older adults , dietary patterns do not appear to be related to depression.
those who eat less , however , possibly reflecting declining health , are at higher risk of becoming depressed.
objective : the prevalence of subjective sleep and cognitive complaints increases with age.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the link between subjective cognitive and sleep complaints in a population aged @number@
design and setting : analysis of a cohort of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years old at time of inclusion.
methods : older people underwent a cognitive tests battery and a nocturnal polygraphy recording.
subjective cognitive difficulties were scored on the mcnair and kahn scale.
subjective sleep complaints were evaluated according to the st. mary's hospital sleep questionnaire and the epworth sleepiness scale score.
results : in a @number@ years old population , an association between subjective cognitive difficulties and poor sleep quality was observed.
similar significant association was demonstrated between subjective cognitive difficulties and daytime sleepiness ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : there was a significant association between subjective cognitive and sleep complaints , and daytime sleepiness in our population of older people.
however , there is little or no evidence for a direct association between dietary nutrients and brain biomarkers of ad.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : manhattan ( broader area ) .
measurements : dietary intake of @number@ nutrients associated with cognitive function and ad was assessed using the harvard / willet food frequency questionnaire.
principal component analysis was used to generate nutrient patterns ( np ) from the full nutrient panel.
statistical parametric mapping and voxel based morphometry were used to assess the associations of the identified nps with ad biomarkers.
results : of the participants were diabetics , smokers , or met criteria for obesity.
design : a cross-sectional population-based study.
setting : all territorial provinces in poland.
measurements : the nutritional status of participants was assessed through the mini nutritional assessment short form ( the revised mna-sf ) .
economic status of the respondents was determined on the basis of questions on how well they could manage their own budgets.
those who could afford only the cheapest food or clothes were considered the group of self-reported poverty.
results : frequency of malnutrition in the polsenior population accounted for @percent@ ( in @percent@ men and @percent@ women ; p < 0.001 ) .
the risk of malnutrition was present in @percent@ ( @percent@ men and @percent@ women ; p < 0.001 ) .
in our study female sex , older age , unmarried status , living in a rural area and self-reported poverty were independent correlates of malnutrition.
conclusions : our data showed high prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of its development among the community-dwelling elderly people in poland.
background : obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and its consequences , including accelerated ageing and mortality.
methodology : the sample included @number@ healthy sedentary males , scheduled for inguinal hernia surgery , aged @number@ to @number@ y.
muscle strength was not associated with any of the measured muscle metabolites or markers of os.
a multiple regression analysis accepted central abdominal fat and telomere length as significant predictors of cer ( r2 = @number@ ) .
design : prospective , secondary analysis from the incidence of pneumonia and related consequences in nursing home residents ( incur ) study with 1-year follow-up.
participants : a total of @number@ older persons ( women @percent@ ) living in @number@ french nursing homes.
measurements : at baseline , nutritional status was assessed with the mna-sf.
overall mortality rate was measured over a 12-month follow-up period after the baseline assessment visit.
cox proportional hazard models were performed to test the predictive capacity of the mna-sf score and its single components for mortality.
results : mean age of participants was @number@ ( standard deviation , sd @number@ ) years.
mean mna-sf score was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) .
after one year of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants had died.
age , female gender , baseline weight , bmi and mna-sf were significant predictors of mortality whereas no specific chronic disease was.
four individual items : weight loss , decrease in food intake , recent stress and bmi were independent predictors of mortality.
conclusions : the mna-sf appears to be an accurate predictor of one-year mortality in nursing home residents.
previous studies have found that poor dietary intake was common in elderly people living alone.
objective : to examine the differences in dietary intake by different living situations in elderly japanese people.
we analyzed the data of @number@ healthy residents in the town of ohasama aged @number@ years and over who had completed self-administered questionnaires.
methods : the dietary intake was measured using a validated 141-item food frequency questionnaire.
multiple regression models with robust ( white-corrected ) standard errors were individually fitted for nutrients and foods by living situation.
conversely , in men living alone the intake of fruits and vegetables was significantly lower.
the same information was obtained for @number@ spouses of tb-patients , and @number@ controls.
results : health-related costs were higher for cases throughout the period.
before diagnosis , cases posed € @number@ more health costs per year than controls.
excess health costs in the @number@ years around diagnosing and treating tb were € @number@
cases received an average excess public transfer income of € @number@ before vs. € @number@ after diagnosis.
average employment income deficiency was € @number@ before vs. € @number@ after diagnosis , but the increasing difference showed a linear shape throughout the period.
spouses also had lower income , more social transfer , and posed higher health-related costs than matched controls.
conclusion : we estimate the direct costs per tb patient to be €10 , 509.
background : few data exist on the ability of postmenopausal women to absorb calcium from diets habitually low in calcium.
fractional calcium absorption was measured using a triple stable calcium isotope method based on isotope recovery in a 28-h urine collection.
women received intravenous ⁴²ca with the first test meal.
furthermore , these data indicate that serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations may affect pth elevation in postmenopausal women with low calcium intakes.
at baseline , we measured waist circumference and assessed metabolic syndrome and diabetes according to established guidelines ( n = @number@ ) .
participants were classified as us-born or foreign-born based on self-reported birth country.
conclusions : intergenerational exposure to low education levels may increase central obesity and type @number@ diabetes differentially among us-born and foreign-born latinos.
aortic valve stenosis ( as ) increasingly afflicts our aging population.
however , the pathobiology of the disease is still poorly understood and there is no effective pharmacotherapy for treating those at risk for clinical progression.
the progression of as involves complex inflammatory and fibroproliferative processes that resemble to some extent atherosclerosis.
there is an extensive cross-talk between inflammation and coagulation in stenotic valve tissue which contributes to the calcification and mineralisation of the aortic valve leaflets.
this review summarises the available data on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in as with the emphasis on their interactions with inflammation and calcification.
methods : the study group consisted men with diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia.
the control group consisted patients recruited from basic health care units.
abdominal circumference , body weight and blood serum metabolic parameters were determined in the experimental and control groups.
we found no significant statistical relationship between body weight , abdominal circumference and concentration tag , hypertension in patients and controls.
conclusions : in the study presented in this article , statistically significant relationships between bph and the diagnostic parameters of the metabolic syndrome were demonstrated.
these results indicate to the necessity of the modification of the lifestyle , taking preventive measures in diabetes , and evaluation of lipid metabolism disorders.
currently , the developmental trajectories of neural circuits implicated in autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) are largely unknown.
the observed age-related changes of psts intrinsic functional connectivity ( ifc ) suggest that no single developmental pattern characterizes asd.
distinct developmental trajectories in different functional circuits in asd likely reflect differential age-related changes in the socio-cognitive processes they underlie.
increasing insight on these mechanisms is a critical step in the development of age-specific interventions in asd.
however , all these three notions can be disputed.
pathophysiology : most fracture patients have fallen , but actually do not have osteoporosis.
a high likelihood of falling , in turn , is attributable to an ageing-related decline in physical functioning and general frailty.
further , the antihip fracture efficacy shown in clinical trials is absent in real-life studies.
many drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis have also been associated with increased risks of serious adverse events.
material / methods : a literature search for srs with meta-analyses was performed in pubmed and cochrane library databases up to @date@ .
the reference lists of included articles were screened for further reviews.
the standards of evaluating rob in primary studies were evaluated by using a 14-item checklist based on the cochrane approach for evaluating rob.
standards in rob evaluations in cochrane and paper-based srs were compared using the fisher's exact test.
all searches , data extraction and evaluations were performed independently and in duplicate.
results : seventy srs were included ( @number@ paper-based and @number@ cochrane srs , respectively ) .
the median percentage of items addressed was @percent@ ( interquartile range 4-100% ) .
conclusions : the rob evaluation in primary studies currently included in srs with meta-analyses in periodontology and implant dentistry is not sufficiently comprehensive.
cochrane srs have more comprehensive rob evaluation than paper-based reviews.
the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between fas gene a-670g polymorphism and ad.
results : a total of @number@ cases and @number@ controls were included in the seven studies.
the meta-analyses results suggested no significant association between the a-670g polymorphism and ad in any genetic models.
when a subgroup analysis was conducted by ethnicity , the a-670g polymorphism was also not relevant to ad.
however , when stratified by age , the gg genotype increased the risk of early-onset ad.
we also found that the a-670g polymorphism was related to patients with ad who carried the apolipoprotein-e ε4 allele in three genetic models.
conclusions : to sum up , our data suggested that the fas gene a-670g polymorphism may not be associated with ad.
when a subgroup analysis was conducted by ethnicity , the a-670g polymorphism was also not related with ad in asian and caucasian population.
however , the fas-670 gg genotype may increase the risk of ad in the younger population ( age , ≤65 years ) .
background : italy is expected to experience the largest growth in persons ≥65 years ( > 20% by @number@ ) .
this demographic shift allows for geriatric research on predictive clinical and biological markers of outcomes related to frailty , re-hospitalization and mortality.
methods : report-age study is a large observational study on health conditions and outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients ( ≥65 years ) .
study collection began in @date@ .
data have been recorded regarding functional and clinical parameters before , during hospital admission and at discharge.
data collection for primary outcome analyses related to re-hospitalization and mortality is estimated for @date@ .
discussion : this study aims at collecting precise clinical data , comprehensive geriatric assessment , risk factors , and biological data from acute care patients.
data will also be used to identify mechanisms underlying frailty in this specific population.
conclusion : this study provides a descriptive epidemiological collection of the health conditions of older in-patients.
background : the asymptomatic carriers of the leucine rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 ) g2019s mutation represent a population at risk for developing pd.
the aim of this study was to assess differences in nonmotor symptoms between nonmanifesting carriers and noncarriers of the g2019s mutation.
methods : two hundred fifty-three subjects participated in this observational cross-sectional multicenter study.
standard questionnaires assessing anxiety , depression , cognition , smell , nonmotor symptoms , and rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep behavior were administered.
analyses were adjusted for age , sex , family relations , education , and site.
results : one hundred thirty-four carriers were identified.
carriers had higher nonmotor symptoms score on the nonmotor symptoms ( nms ) questionnaire ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in this cross-section study , carriers of the g2019s lrrk2 mutation endorsed subtle nonmotor symptoms.
whether these are early features of pd will require a longitudinal study. © @number@ international parkinson and movement disorder society.
other patients at risk undergo serum galactomannan testing three times weekly.
without lung infiltrates on ct , ipa is ruled out.
in lung infiltrates not suggestive for ipa mycological confirmation is pursued.
in patients without posaconazole prophylaxis empiric caspofungin will be considered.
ct findings typical for ipa prompt targeted treatment , and mycological confirmation.
bronchoalveolar lavage ( bal ) is most important for cultural identification and susceptibility testing , and facilitates diagnosing other pathogens.
bal performance is virtually independent of platelet counts.
if despite suggestive infiltrates bal does not yield the diagnosis , ct-guided biopsy follows as soon as platelet counts allow.
surgery can also be beneficial in diagnosis and treatment of ipa.
if the diagnosis of ipa is not established , mucormycosis is a valid concern.
in patients with breakthrough ipa during posaconazole prophylaxis liposomal amphotericin b is the drug of choice.
if no posaconazole prophylaxis was given , voriconazole is the treatment of choice for ipa.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to explore the network types of hcbs clients based on the structural characteristics of their social networks.
we also examined how the network types were associated with social isolation , relationship quality and loneliness.
hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify network types.
family members comprised almost half of participants ' social networks , and friends comprised less than one-third.
clients embedded in family , diverse and religious networks had significantly more positive relationships than clients embedded in restricted networks.
clients embedded in restricted networks had significantly higher social isolation scores and were lonelier than clients in diverse and family networks.
discussion : the findings suggest that hcbs clients ' isolation and loneliness are linked to the types of social networks in which they are embedded.
the findings also suggest that clients embedded in restricted networks are at high risk for negative outcomes.
during aging , increases in the number of senescent cells are seen in various tissues.
on the other hand , stem cells play crucial roles in tissue repair and homeostasis.
therefore , it is likely that stem cells give rise to new cells that replace senescent cells.
however , how stem cells contribute to homeostasis in the dermis has not been elucidated.
here , we investigated the effects of factors secreted from senescent fibroblasts on stem cells.
we found that senescent human dermal fibroblast ( hdf ) conditioned medium ( cm ) significantly enhanced stem cell migration compared with young hdf cm.
the senescent hdf cm strongly secreted chemokine ligand @number@ ( ccl2 ) .
objectives : this cross-sectional study examined whether spirituality moderates the association between depression symptom severity and meaning in life among treatment-seeking adults.
a significant negative association between depression symptom severity and meaning in life was observed at lower but not the highest levels of spirituality.
however , the extent to which prospective memory failures may influence quality of life in typically aging older adults is not well understood.
conversely , no significant associations were observed between prospective memory and quality of life in the @number@ participants without iadl problems.
prospective memory difficulties adversely impact quality of life in community-dwelling older adults who experience problems independently managing their instrumental activities of daily living.
background : despite improved survival , childhood cancer survivors experience significantly elevated risk of premature mortality and serious morbidity due to chronic health conditions.
poor diet quality can exacerbate chronic health conditions in the survivors but their nutritional intake has not been adequately studied.
dietary data were collected using repeated @number@ hr dietary recalls over a 1-year period , which were averaged to estimate habitual intake.
results : the mean hei-2010 in childhood cancer survivors was @number@ about @number@ percent of the maximum score.
for individual food groups and nutrients , survivors had a particularly poor adherence to green vegetables and beans , total vegetables , and whole fruits.
of the survivors met the guidelines for dietary fiber and potassium intake.
only @percent@ , @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ met the guidelines for vitamin d , sodium , calcium , and saturated fat intake.
conclusions : childhood cancer survivors , in particular long-term survivors , have a poor adherence to the us dietary guidelines.
the mammalian intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly self-renewing tissues in the body , and its integrity is preserved through strict regulation.
we show that celf1 competes with the rbp hur to modulate myc translation and regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
growth inhibition of the small intestinal mucosa by fasting in mice was associated with increased celf1 / myc mrna association and decreased myc expression.
hur interacted with the same myc @number@'-utr element , and increasing the levels of hur decreased celf1 binding to myc mrna.
in contrast , increasing the concentrations of celf1 inhibited formation of the [ hur / myc mrna ] complex.
depletion of cellular polyamines also increased celf1 and enhanced celf1 association with myc mrna , thus suppressing myc translation.
moreover , ectopic celf1 overexpression caused g1-phase growth arrest , whereas celf1 silencing promoted cell proliferation.
background : survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) have a significantly higher body mass index ( bmi ) than their peers.
procedure : we determined the growth patterns of patients with pediatric all during and after treatment through the conduct of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
a search of medline , scopus , and web of science was performed from its inception through @date@ .
the mean increase in bmi z-score during treatment in @number@ patients with pediatric all was @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
the mean increase in bmi z-score ranged between @number@ and @number@ beyond treatment completion.
subgroup analyses found unhealthy weight gain occurred regardless of patients ' receipt of cranial radiation therapy , sex , and , weight status at diagnosis.
conclusions : patients with pediatric all experience unhealthy weight gain early in treatment , and increases in weight are maintained beyond treatment completion.
preventing early onset of obesity is a priority for improving the care and outcomes for patients with pediatric all.
dofa was highest within the peripapillary sclera ( ppsclera ) , with relatively low values in the lamina cribrosa ( lc ) .
elderly ppsclera dofa was higher than that in young ppsclera ( p < @number@ ) , and generally higher than in glaucoma ppsclera.
in all lcs , a majority of fibres had preferential orientation horizontally across the nasal-temporal axis.
additionally , higher fibre alignment was observed in the glaucomatous inferior-temporal lc ( p < @number@ ) .
the differences between young and elderly onh fibre alignment within regions suggest that age-related microstructural changes occur within the structure.
although several hypotheses were suggested , yet unclear is the mechanistic link between these two phenomena.
recent advances : herein , we review the evidence for disturbances in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and the heart in the diabetic state.
also the mechanisms involved in improving mitochondrial function are considered and , whenever possible , human data is cited.
critical issues : reported evidence shows that interventions that improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function also improve insulin sensitivity in humans.
future directions : mitochondria and their functions can be targeted with the aim of improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and cardiac function.
however , human clinical intervention studies are needed to fully substantiate the potential of mitochondria as a target to prevent cardiometabolic disease.
the average error in midshaft cortical bone areas between the predicted geometries and the patient geometries was @percent@.
the average error in cortical bone area between the predicted geometries and a validation set of cadaver femur geometries across @number@ shaft locations was @percent@.
influencing some age-related conditions , such as frailty , may have an impact on the prevention of late-life cognitive disorders.
frailty reflects a nonspecific state of vulnerability and a multi-system physiological change with increased risk for adverse health outcomes in older age.
the mechanisms underlying the cognitive-frailty link are multi-factorial , and vascular , inflammatory , nutritional , and metabolic influences may be of major relevance.
these preventive trials and larger longitudinal population-based studies targeting cognitive outcomes could be useful in further understanding the cognitive-frailty interplay in older age.
polyphenols are the major components of many traditional herbal remedies , which exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-inflammation and antioxidant properties.
our results demonstrate that verbascoside increased the phosphorylation of shp-1 , by attenuating the activation of tak-1 / jnk / ap-1 signalling.
this leads to a reduction in the expression and activity of both cox and nos.
moreover , shp-1 depletion deletes verbascoside inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory molecules induced by lps.
aim : sarcopenia can cause varying physical function disorders , including dysphagia.
malnutrition , a potential result of dysphagia , can also cause sarcopenia.
the present study investigated the prevalence of dysphagia among patients with sarcopenia , and the association between the two conditions.
methods : we included @number@ older adults ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ; @percent@ men ) .
individuals who had a stroke or other diseases that could directly cause dysphagia were excluded.
results : the prevalences of sarcopenia and dysphagia were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for dysphagia among older individuals.
however , further studies are required to define causality.
alu elements and long interspersed element-1 ( line-1 or l1 ) are two major human intersperse repetitive sequences.
nevertheless , alu methylation levels also vary among young individuals.
here , we explored phenotypes at birth that are associated with alu methylation levels in young people.
catch-up growth ( cug ) was defined when weight during the first year was > 0.67 of the standard score , according to who data.
no association with line-1 methylation was identified.
results : statistically significant group-dependent regression was observed between vavg and h-index.
no other statistically significant group difference , correlation or group-dependent regression was observed.
conclusion : vavg , 6mwd , and tug correlated with laf reflex loop function observed among those with impaired functioning of the saf reflex loop.
this observation suggests that the laf reflex loop may be critical to the control of balance in those individuals suffering from small-fiber pn.
the size increase of skin epithelial cells during aging is well-known.
here we demonstrate that treatment of aging cells with cytochalasin b substantially decreases cell size.
this decrease was demonstrated on a mouse model and on human skin cells in vitro.
an average decrease in cell size of 56±16% resulted.
a cell strain obtained from a pool of @number@ human subjects was treated with cytochalasin b in vitro for @number@ hours.
these results may be important for understanding the aging processes , and for cosmetic treatment of aging skin.
cumulative evidence suggests that pew , muscle wasting and cachexia are common and strongly associated with mortality in ckd , which is reviewed here.
recent findings : the malnutrition-inflammation score ( kalantar score ) is among the comprehensive and outcome-predicting nutritional scoring tools.
the association of obesity with poor outcomes is attenuated across more advanced ckd stages and eventually reverses in the form of obesity paradox.
frailty is closely associated with pew , muscle wasting and cachexia.
muscle loss shows stronger associations with unfavorable outcomes than fat loss.
phosphorus burden may lead to poor outcomes.
the target serum bicarbonate concentration is normal range and at least @number@ meq / l for nondialysis-dependent and dialysis-dependent ckd patients , respectively.
a benefit of exercise is suggested but not yet conclusively proven.
summary : prevention and treatment of pew should involve individualized and integrated approaches to modulate identified risk factors and contributing comorbidities.
recent findings : specific muscle mass , strength and function cut-points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia have been identified.
men are a fast growing segment of the aesthetic industry.
a review was performed for publications on gender differences in facial anatomy , behavior , and the use of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures in men.
despite gender differences in facial anatomy and behavior , few studies have examined the role of gender in cosmetic procedures.
men require a unique injection technique with botulinum toxin and dermal fillers due to differences in facial anatomy.
advances in healthcare and in the quality of life significantly increase human life expectancy.
with the aging of populations , new un-faced challenges are brought to science.
the human body is naturally selected to be well-functioning until the age of reproduction to keep the species alive.
however , as the lifespan extends , unseen problems due to the body deterioration emerge.
there are several age-related diseases with no appropriate treatment ; therefore , the complex aging phenomena needs further understanding.
it is known that immunosenescence is highly correlated to the negative effects of aging.
in this work we advocate the use of simulation as a tool to assist the understanding of immune aging phenomena.
we address the following research questions : which simulation approach is more suitable for this problem ?
can these approaches be employed interchangeably ?
is there any benefit of using one approach compared to the other ?
the differences observed in the outcomes of both approaches are due to the probabilistic character of abms contrasted to sdms.
however , they do not interfere in the overall expected dynamics of the populations.
in this case , therefore , they can be employed interchangeably , with sdms being simpler to implement and taking less computational resources.
moreover , we aimed to describe cerebral ageing effects on mti parameters in an elderly cohort.
all subjects were included from the leiden longevity study and underwent @number@ tesla mti of the brain.
no differences in cortical and subcortical gray matter and white matter mti parameters were found between offspring and control subjects using histogram-based and voxel-wise analyses.
cortical gray matter and white matter mti parameters decreased with increasing chronological age ( all p < @number@ ) .
the action mechanisms of @number@ in human neutrophils were further investigated.
our results showed that compound @number@ did not alter fmlf-induced phosphorylation of src ( src family y416 ) .
notably , phosphorylation of akt ( s473 ) and mobilization of [ ca2 + ] i caused by fmlf was inhibited by compound @number@
further structural optimization of @number@ is ongoing.
to assess studies that evaluate the relation between serum thyrotropin concentration , very old subjects , and their events.
we searched the pubmed , scielo , and lilacs databases for articles published between @number@ and @number@
our search was restricted to studies involving humans aged @number@ years or older , and written in english , spanish , or portuguese.
thirteen studies were selected.
no significant increase in risk of cardiovascular events , coronary heart disease , or total mortality was observed.
elevated thyrotropin concentration was associated with longevity.
patients with treated hiv-1-infection experience earlier occurrence of aging-associated diseases , raising speculation that hiv-1-infection , or antiretroviral treatment , may accelerate aging.
we investigated whether hiv-1-infection would induce age-associated methylation changes.
each age group for each data set consisted of @number@ hiv-1-infected and @number@ age-matched hiv-1-uninfected samples for a total of @number@ samples.
older hiv-1 + individuals had a greater number of hypermethylated cpgs across me3 ( p = 0.015 ) .
the genes related to cpgs in me3 are enriched for polycomb group target genes known to be involved in cell renewal and aging.
since the first successful heart transplantation in @number@ significant improvements have been made regarding donor and recipient selection , surgical techniques , and postoperative care.
treatment for rejection largely depends on the type of rejection , the presence of hemodynamic compromise , and time after transplantation.
the limiting factor for long-term graft survival is allograft vasculopathy , an immune-mediated process causing diffuse narrowing of the coronary arteries.
objective : arthritis pain and depression are prevalent physical and psychological disorders in late life and co-occur frequently.
we explored the stability and covariation of arthritis pain and depressive symptoms.
we also addressed the influence of cognitive functioning and social support on the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older individuals.
using multilevel modeling , we modeled the individual differences as well as stability in arthritis pain and depressive symptoms simultaneously.
further , we tested the role of cognitive functioning and social support in the association between arthritis pain and depressive symptoms.
after controlling for arthritis pain , persons with higher social support and higher cognitive functioning reported lower levels of depressive symptoms.
discussion : findings suggest that fluctuations in pain and depressive symptoms are common for older adults.
objectives : there are many stereotypes about ageing and later life.
loneliness was reported by @percent@ of respondents at waves 3-6.
conclusions : stereotypes and expectations related to loneliness in the old age were significantly associated with reported loneliness @number@ years later.
interventions aimed at changing age-related stereotypes in population may have more impact on reducing loneliness than individually based services.
objectives : previous studies of older european populations have established that disability and morbidity vary with indicators of socio-economic position ( sep ) .
results : a total of @number@ studies were identified.
poorer sep was associated with poorer subjective health and well-being.
associations varied somewhat depending on the sep measure and subjective health and well-being outcome used.
associations tended to be weaker in the oldest age groups.
the patterns of associations by gender were not consistent and tended to diminish after adjusting for indicators of health and life circumstances.
physiologically , notch signal transduction plays a pivotal role in differentiation ; pathologically , notch signaling contributes to the development of cancer.
posttranslational modifications of the nicd are important for its transcriptional activity and protein turnover.
deregulation of notch signaling and stabilizing mutations of notch1 have been linked to leukemia development.
carm1 physically and functionally interacted with the nicd-coactivator complex and was found at gene enhancers in a notch-dependent manner.
mathematical modeling indicated that full but short and transient notch signaling required methylation of nicd.
human erythrocytes are highly specialized enucleate cells that are involved in providing efficient gas transport.
erythrocytes have been extensively studied both experimentally and by mathematical modeling in recent years.
however , understanding of how aggregation and deformability are regulated is limited.
these properties of the erythrocyte are essential for the physiological functioning of the cell.
in this work , we propose a novel mathematical model of the molecular system that controls the aggregation and deformability of the erythrocyte.
this model is based on the experimental results of previously published studies.
our model suggests fundamentally new mechanisms that regulate aggregation and deformability in a latch-like manner.
spatial reference frames are fundamental to represent the position of objects or places.
a spatial memory task requiring egocentric / allocentric verbal judgments about objects in peri- / extrapersonal space was used.
the egocentric component looked less affected by aging.
percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) is a common procedure to treat coronary artery stenoses.
several studies had demonstrated that pci does not reduce the risk of death or myocardial infarction when performed to patients with stable angina.
however it has been observed that most patients believe that pci will reduce their risk for death and myocardial infarction.
these findings suggest that an even greater effort at patient education is needed prior to elective pci to facilitate fully informed decision-making.
direct vagus nerve stimulation ( dvns ) is known to improve mood , epilepsy , and memory.
memory improvements have been observed in alzheimer's disease patients after long-term stimulation.
the potential of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation ( tvns ) , a noninvasive alternative to dvns , to alter memory performance remains unknown.
we aimed to investigate the effect of a single-session tvns on associative memory performance in healthy older individuals.
to investigate this , we performed a single-blind sham-controlled randomized crossover pilot study in healthy older individuals ( n = @number@ @percent@ female ) .
this effect was specific to the experimental task.
participants reported few side effects.
we conclude that tvns is a promising neuromodulatory technique to improve associative memory performance in older individuals , even after a single session.
the second part of the study was aimed at finding the patterns of everyday cognitive factors that best discriminate between the three groups.
we found that patients with dementia exhibited impairment in all cognitive abilities in both basic and instrumental activities.
finally , patients with mci also showed a generalized problem solving deficit that affected even badl.
method : the final sample included @number@ participants.
receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine which summary score best differentiated between the four cognitive states.
results : the summary score that provided equal weight to each subtest best differentiated between the four cognitive states.
objective : to characterize older adults in bogotá with high blood pressure and identify factors associated to this condition within this population.
we estimated the prevalence and used logistic regression models to identify factors associated to hypertension.
results : the overall prevalence for hypertension was @percent@.
most individuals received pharmacologic treatment ( @percent@ ) ; however , @percent@ of individuals had uncontrolled hypertension.
discussion : we found a high prevalence of hypertension in our cohort and found that comorbidities and poor self-rated health increase the odds of hypertension.
future studies need to tailor interventions for hypertension management in old age.
objective : depression is conceptualized as both a risk factor for and a consequence of elder abuse ; however , current research is equivocal.
this study examined associations between elder abuse and dimensions of depressive symptoms in older adults.
method : participants were @number@ older adults enrolled in thechicago health and aging project ( chap ) , a population-based study of older adults.
regression was used to determine the relationships between depressive symptoms , depression dimensions , and abuse variables.
results : depressive symptoms were consistently associated with elder abuse.
elder abuse subtypes and depression dimensions were differentially associated.
discussion : these findings highlight the importance of routine depression screening in older adults as a component of abuse prevention and intervention.
they also provide profiles of depressive symptoms that may more accurately characterize risk for specific types of abuse.
method : lep was measured in @number@ non-institutionalized participants with the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
discussion : increased lep was associated with slower rates of decline in physical and mental hrqol in older mexican americans.
method : data taken from the survey of the korean longitudinal study of aging in @number@ were analyzed.
multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with fear of falling and fear-induced activity restriction.
objective : to investigate the influence of social network characteristics on subjective well-being over @number@ years in a population sample of older adults.
in contrast , social network diversity was not independently related to future subjective well-being.
conclusion : different aspects of people's social networks may help sustain levels of subjective well-being in older age.
the role of close relationships and frequent contact in later life may be particularly important.
these results highlight the need for examining different aspects of social networks for promoting well-being of older people.
method : logistic regression models were used with data from the mexican health and nutrition survey , @number@
t.s. eliot once proposed that there were two sorts of problems in life.
how does one relate to it ? '
into this breach has developed an innovative and exciting movement in gerontology to provide a deeper and more comprehensive insight into the meaning of ageing.
as bones are levers for skeletal muscle to exert forces , both are complementary and essential for locomotion and individual autonomy.
in the past decades , the idea of a bone-muscle unit has emerged.
numerous studies have confirmed this hypothesis from in utero to aging works.
space flight , bed rest as well as osteoporosis and sarcopenia experimentations have allowed to accumulate considerable evidence.
mechanical loading is a key mechanism linking both tissues with a central promoting role of physical activity.
even though studies on the potential effects of bone on muscle metabolism are sparse , few osteokines have been identified.
cartilage and adipose tissue are also likely to participate to this control loop and should not be set aside.
the understanding of this system will enable to define new levers to prevent / treat sarcopenia and osteoporosis at the same time.
these strategies might include nutritional interventions and physical exercise.
thirty-nine unipolar depressed patients dosed using repeated dtm and @number@ matched patients treated with abm were compared.
both groups were similar regarding age , sex , psychotic features , mean baseline madrs , and median baseline mmse.
in this comparative cohort study , abm and dtm showed equal outcome for depression and cognition.
however , the median ect course duration in repeated dtm appeared longer.
additionally , higher age was associated with shorter ect courses regardless of the dosing method.
further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
the ageing process is characterized by deterioration of physiological function accompanied by frailty and ageing-associated diseases.
the most broadly and well-studied pathways influencing ageing are the insulin / insulin-like growth factor @number@ signaling pathway and the dietary restriction pathway.
recent studies in diverse organisms have also delineated emerging pathways , which collectively or independently contribute to ageing.
among them the networks , inextricably affect normal ageing by maintaining or restoring protein homeostasis to preserve proper cellular and organismal function.
life spans are increasing and research is showing more and more how important exercise is to successful aging.
genes which confer a relative longevity advantage may be regulated at the level of transcription or translation.
alternatively , pro-longevity genes may mediate their effects at the level of protein structure-functional relationships that are beneficially optimized in long-lived species.
longevity associated genes ( lags ) may be operationally defined as genes that confer beneficial effects and are relatively more conserved among long-lived species.
global and local protein sequence alignments of over @number@ genes across at least @number@ mammalian species were examined to identify lags.
several common categories of protein function were observed among genes ranked with the strongest associations with mls identified by all regression models.
these genes included those that function in the immune system , cell cycle regulation , and dna damage response.
oxidized ldl ( oxldl ) and nitric oxide ( no ) exert contradictory actions within the vascular endothelium microenvironment influencing key events in atherogenesis.
osteoclasts are cells derived from bone marrow macrophages and are important in regulating bone resorption during bone homeostasis.
understanding what drives osteoclast differentiation and activity is important when studying diseases characterized by heightened bone resorption relative to formation , such as osteoporosis.
however , there are still many unanswered questions that remain.
impaired work-mem and structural and functional abnormalities of the acc are reported in schizophrenia.
this study aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of work-mem dysfunction in schizophrenia by comparing metabolite concentrations across acc subregions.
naa and cr ratios did not correlate with myo-inositol , excluding gliosis as the underlying process.
subjects ' sex and age had no effects on these relationships.
the findings suggest that rostral acc energy hypo-metabolism , possibly arising from neurodevelopmental processes , is associated with working memory impairment in schizophrenia.
in addition , the study investigates the moderating influences of two variables : parents ' gender and stress from negative parenting experience.
method : the analyses utilize data from the national survey of midlife in the united states ( @number@ ) .
in contrast , there were no interaction effects of parenting status , age , and negative parenting experience among fathers.
background : it is important to understand the coping strategies that optimize or restrict participation or quality of life , especially for older adults.
method : a cross-sectional design was used with @number@ community-dwelling participants aged @number@ and older.
only a few moderately significant associations were found except for escape-avoidance coping strategies , which were significantly associated with lower participation and quality of life.
different individuals use these two strategies differently.
we found that high cognitive reflectivity was associated with greater regional gray matter density in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex.
our finding suggests that this area plays an important role in defining an individual's trait associated with reflectivity and impulsivity.
there has been growing concern about racial and ethnic disparities in completion rates of advance directives ( ads ) in community-dwelling older populations.
objective : early age at menopause is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease , stroke , osteoporosis , and all-cause mortality.
only current smoking of long duration ( > 26 y ) was associated with the timing of the menopausal transition.
conclusions : our data suggest that exposure to smoke both prenatally and around the time of menopause accelerates ovarian aging.
tauopathies are a group of disorders leading to cognitive and behavioral impairment in the aging population.
a number of transgenic models expressing wild-type and mutant forms of the 4r tau have been developed.
however , few models of three-repeat tau are available.
two lines expressing high ( line @number@ ) and low ( line @number@ ) levels of the three-repeat mutant tau were analyzed.
by western blot , using antibodies specific to three-repeat tau , line @number@ expressed 5-times more tau than line @number@
the higher-expressing mice displayed hyperactivity , memory deficits in the water maze and alterations in the round beam.
the behavioral deficits started at 6-8 months of age and were associated with a progressive increase in the accumulation of 3r tau.
aggregates in the granular cells had a globus appearance and mimic pick's-like inclusions.
there were abundant dystrophic neurites , astrogliosis and synapto-dendritic damage in the neocortex and hippocampus of the higher expresser line.
the hippocampal lesions were moderately argyrophilic and thioflavin-s negative.
by electron microscopy , discrete straight filament aggregates were detected in some neurons in the hippocampus.
recently , a human cell line , endoc-βh1 , was generated.
methods : cells were exposed to glucose and pyruvate.
metabolite levels , respiration and insulin secretion were examined in human islets.
respiration in endoc-βh1 cells was more similar to that in human islets than in ins-1 832 / 13 cells.
in biodemography , aging is typically measured and compared based on aging rates.
we argue that this approach may be misleading , because it confounds the time aspect with the mere change aspect of aging.
sci was assessed by a validated self-reported questionnaire.
data were available on @number@ participants ( @number@ women ; @number@ apoe ε4 carriers ; mean age , @number@ years ) .
the risk for sci was significantly higher among cases than controls , particularly for those @number@ years of age and older.
these findings should be considered preliminary until confirmed by a prospective cohort study.
ptss was measured with the ptss scale.
socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were used as potential determinants of ptss.
quality of life was measured with the euroqol-5d-3l ( eq-5d-3l ) eq-visual analog scale and the satisfaction with your life scale.
results : the six-month prevalence of ptss was @percent@.
ptss was associated with age , marital status , number of chronic disorders and the presence of an anxiety disorder.
ptss was also associated with the eq-5d-3l and the satisfaction with your life scale.
conclusion : ptss is prevalent in patients consulting in primary care practices.
government initiatives on ' timely diagnosis ' aim to improve the rate and quality of diagnosis for those with dementia.
this study seeks to improve the screening and diagnostic process by analysing communication between clinicians and patients during initial specialist clinic visits.
establishing differential conversational profiles could help the timely differential diagnosis of memory complaints.
method : this study is based on video- and audio recordings of @number@ initial consultations between neurologists and patients referred to a uk memory clinic.
conversation analysis was used to explore recurrent communicative practices associated with each diagnostic group.
objectives : the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the nasal cycle with age.
the approaches rely on propensity score-based adjustments , and we demonstrate that estimation of the propensity score must be adjusted to acknowledge the length-biased sampling.
large sample properties of the estimators are established and their small sample behavior is studied using simulations.
aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive decline of organ functions leading to an increased risk of age-associated diseases and death.
decades of intensive research have identified a range of molecular and biochemical pathways contributing to aging.
however , many aspects regarding the regulation and interplay of these pathways are insufficiently understood.
telomere dysfunction and genomic instability appear to be of critical importance for aging at a cellular level.
for example , age-related diseases and premature aging syndromes are frequently associated with telomere shortening.
telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stability.
recent studies suggest that micronutrients , such as vitamin d , folate and vitamin b12 , are involved in telomere biology and cellular aging.
in particular , vitamin d is important for a range of vital cellular processes including cellular differentiation , proliferation and apoptosis.
as human erythrocytes age during storage in blood banks they undergo many biochemical and structural changes , termed the red blood cell ' storage lesion'.
specifically , atp and ph levels decrease as metabolic end products , oxidative stress , cytokines , and cell-free hemoglobin increase.
also , membrane proteins and lipids undergo conformational and organizational changes that result in membrane loss , viscoelastic changes and microparticle formation.
this review summarizes current research detailing the known parts of the erythrocyte storage lesion and their physiologic consequences.
background : oral health has been found to be associated with cognitive function in basic research and epidemiology studies.
most of these studies had no comprehensive clinical diagnosis on cognitive function.
this study firstly reported the association between tooth loss and cognitive function among chinese older population.
methods : the study included @number@ community dwelling older adults aged @number@ or above from the shanghai aging study.
number of teeth missing was obtained from self-reporting questionnaire and confirmed by trained interviewers.
multivariate logistic regression model was applied to examine the association between number of teeth missing and cognitive function.
results : the study participants had an average of @number@ teeth lost.
conclusion : having over @number@ missing teeth was associated with severe cognitive impairment among chinese older adults.
poor oral health might be considered as a related factor of neurodegenerative symptom among older chinese population.
visual acuity , low luminance acuity , spatial contrast sensitivity and macular light sensitivity did not differ between normal eyes and early amd eyes.
the participants had a valid driving license and drove at least once a week.
after exposure to oscar , the majority of the participants confirmed that changes had occurred in at least one of their abilities.
moreover , half of the older drivers reported having started using @number@ or more compensatory strategies.
while promoting safe driving and the prevention of crashes and injuries , this intervention could ultimately help older adults maintain or increase their transportation mobility.
more studies are needed to further evaluate oscar and identify ways to improve its effectiveness.
this study aimed to further determine the treatment effects of the mt + mg approach on muscular properties , sensorimotor functions , and daily function.
design : this was a single-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study.
the intervention consisted of @number@ hrs / day , @number@ days / wk for @number@ wks.
primary outcomes were the fugl-meyer assessment and muscular properties ( muscle tone and stiffness ) .
secondary outcomes included measures of sensorimotor and daily functions.
results : compared with the mt and mt + sham groups , the mt + mg group demonstrated improved muscular properties.
the mt + mg and mt + sham groups showed greater improvement in manual dexterity and daily function than the mt group did.
no beneficial effects on the fugl-meyer assessment and other sensorimotor outcomes were found for the mt + mg group.
aging is associated with degenerative changes in articular surfaces leading to quantitative and qualitative impairment of joint motion.
two hundred and twenty individuals were enrolled in this study and divided into five groups according to age.
we observed that values of parameters vms , p1 , and p2 increase in accordance with the age , but h level decreases.
the most significant differences were achieved between the youngest and the oldest participants ' groups.
moreover , we show that parameters vms , p1 , and p2 positively correlate with age , contrary to negatively associated h parameter.
our results suggest that the impairment of joint motion is a result of age-related osteoarticular degenerative changes.
atp ( atp ) -binding cassette ( abc ) transporter superfamily members respond to stressors such as hypoxia , cytokine signaling , and aging.
methods : cell lysates of human tm cells , raw @number@ macrophages , and pc12 cells were subjected to western blot analysis.
the tm cells were positive for tlr4 , abcb1 , and cyp3a5 and were negative for the abcc1 transporter.
the medium was changed to @percent@ fbs @number@ h before treatment.
calcein acetyoxymethyl ester ( calcein am ; @number@ μm ) was added for @number@ min as the reporting molecule.
positive controls were @number@ μm verapamil and @number@ μm digoxin.
digoxin , an abcb1 activator , increased calcein efflux ( p < 0.001 ) .
lactate reduced abcb1 activity.
conclusions : tm cells are responsive to abcb1 inhibitors and activators.
abcb1 functional activity is affected by tlr4 agonists suggesting that modulation of tlr4 is important in abcb1 function.
the innate immune inflammatory response in the tm may play a role in the abcb1 detoxification of potentially harmful constituents in the aqueous humor.
purpose : the aim of the present investigation was to assess the role of aging on the contribution of diastolic function during metaboreflex activation.
methods : hemodynamic response to metaboreflex activation obtained by post-exercise muscle ischemia ( pemi ) was gathered in @number@ eg and @number@ healthy ctl.
subjects also performed a control exercise recovery ( cer ) test to compare data from the pemi test.
moreover , the mechanism by which this response was achieved was different between the two groups.
moreover , early filling peak velocities showed a higher response in the ctl than eg group.
conclusions : this study demonstrates that diastolic function is important for normal hemodynamic adjustment during the metaboreflex and to avoid excessive vasoconstriction.
this article argues that this development should prompt a new focus in medical care.
these questions touch on an even more profound question : how can successful aging be accomplished ?
that is , which factors and processes characterize successful aging both on a system and on a molecular level ?
thus , the crucial societal , scientific and medical challenges for western societies are to develop and implement measures of primary prevention of dysfunctional aging.
this article defines dysfunctional aging as a convergent downstream result of multiple interacting system processes.
each of these detrimental system processes must be targeted by specific measures of geriatric primary prevention.
this , in turn , implies that geriatrics does not start in the elderly or with the onset of particular geriatric disorders.
or , in a nutshell , geriatrics starts right in the middle of medical care.
background : slow walking with reduced body dynamics is a characteristic feature of locomotion in the elderly.
impaired mobility and falls associated with gait disorders significantly contribute to a reduced quality of life in the elderly.
objectives : a gait disorder is not an inevitable consequence of aging.
this article shows that it is worth recognizing specific deficits and differentiating specific aspects in multifactorial disorders because many causes can be well treated.
also provided are the bases for clinical classification and therapeutic principles.
methods : review of recent literature and clinical review based on own experience and own scientific results.
furthermore , a fear of falling also contributes to the gait disorder.
multimodal therapies are often necessary and the principles are presented.
conclusion : identification of deficits is a prerequisite for specific therapy.
purpose : the incidence of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has been steadily increasing worldwide.
ad is a serious disease that has both societal and economic impacts.
the greatest risk factor for ad is aging.
thus , because of the rapidly aging population in japan , the development of new , effective drugs for ad is urgently needed.
methods : public data , official documents , literature , and news releases were surveyed and discussed.
findings : compared with diabetes mellitus drugs , there is a lack of quantitative surrogate end points among ad drugs.
moreover , scientific initiatives to develop novel ad drugs are ongoing.
implications : the development of quantitative surrogate end points remains necessary to improve the development of ad drugs.
therefore , collaboration among industry , government , and academia should be encouraged.
these mediators maintain and propagate the senescence process to neighboring cells , and then recruit immune cells for clearing senescent cells.
these senescence-inflammatory effects also prevail within tumors , mediated by the senescent tumor cells and the senescent tumor stroma.
here , we review the course and impact of senescence-associated inflammatory responses in aging and cancer.
we propose that controlling senescence-associated inflammation by targeting specific inflammatory mediators may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in treatment of cancer and aging-related diseases.
it has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) gene insertion / deletion ( i / d ) polymorphisms are associated with human performance.
however , the relationships between ace polymorphisms and frailty are poorly understood.
therefore , we used a chinese community-dwelling cohort to examine these relationships.
participants and measurements : the participants were grouped into frail , pre-frail , and robust groups according to the revised fried frailty criteria.
frailty scores were obtained based on the number of frailty items present and used to evaluate the levels of frailty.
ace i / d polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction using specific primer.
telomeric repeat containing rnas ( terra ) are small rna molecules synthesized from telomeric regions which were previously considered as silent genomic domains.
telomerase is a rate limiting enzyme for cellular senescence , cancer and aging.
most of the studies deal with the manipulation of telomerase enzyme in cancer and aging either by synthetic oligonucleotide or by natural phytochemicals.
drugs specifically targeting terra molecules could modulate telomerase-mediated telomere lengthening.
thus , targeting terra-mediated regulation of telomerase would be a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer and age-associated diseases.
only little is known about the age-dependent changes of wrinkles on body sites.
methods : the skin on the knee of @number@ healthy korean female volunteers , divided into two groups young and old , were photographed.
we examined for any significant differences and the correlation of skin aging parameters with age and two different sites.
in addition , all the skin aging parameters on the knee were significantly correlated with crow's feet ( p < @number@ ) .
skin aging on the knee had the same tendency as the crow's feet.
conclusions : this study has shown the new grading criteria of wrinkles on the knee.
skin wrinkle and elasticity on the knee are age-dependent related and aging on the knee is highly related to crow's feet.
those parameters are using a quantitative method to evaluate body aging.
also , the knee is considered that it could be a suitable site to evaluate body aging.
background : tetracycline-containing triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative first-line therapy for h. pylori infection.
methods : helicobacter pylori-positive patients underwent a 10-day therapy randomized into four groups : group a received esomeprazole , amoxicillin , and dox-100 mg b.i.d.
( ead-200 ) and group d a quadruple therapy with esomeprazole , amoxicillin , dox-200 mg b.i.d. , and bismuth subcitrate ( eadb-200 ) .
success was accessed by ( @number@ ) c urea breath test @number@ months after the end of treatment.
the number of patients to be recruited for each group had to be at least @number@ subjects.
treatment success of @percent@ or less was considered unacceptable.
stopping rules therefore were anytime six failures had occurred.
results : in the ead-100 group and in ead-200 group , the recruitment was stopped at the 14th and 15th patient , respectively.
fifty-two patients entered in the eadb-100 group and @number@ in the eadb-200 group.
side effects were absent.
this regimen , however , deserves to be optimized in terms of duration and dose of dox.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons resulting in progressive paralysis.
gene expression studies of als only rarely identify the same gene pathways as gene association studies.
we hypothesized that analyzing tissues by matching on degree of disease severity would identify different patterns of gene expression from a traditional case-control comparison.
we analyzed gene expression changes in @number@ postmortem central nervous system regions , stratified by severity of motor neuron loss.
background : health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) levels and their determinants in those living in nursing homes are unclear.
large effect size associations between clinical variables and the different hrqol domains were looked for.
results : hrqol domains are impaired to variable degrees but with similar profiles depending on the cognitive performance level.
conclusion : hrqol dimensions are not all linearly associated with increasing cognitive impairment in nh patients.
longitudinal studies are required to determine how the different hrqol domains evolve over time in nh residents.
when defective or absent , werner syndrome protein ( wrn ) causes a genetic premature aging disorder called werner syndrome.
in addition , cells expressing low levels of wrn responded favorably to cisplatin , whereas cells expressing high levels responded poorly to cisplatin.
basic parameters of the naive antigen ( ag ) -specific t-cell repertoire in humans remain poorly defined.
systematic characterization of this ' ground state ' immunity in comparison with memory will allow a better understanding of clonal selection during immune challenge.
across the board , these precursor populations were phenotypically naive and occurred with hierarchical frequencies clustered by ag specificity.
collectively , these results provide new insights into the complex nature and dynamics of the naive t-cell compartment.
the neonatal line is usually the first accentuated incremental line visible on the enamel.
the prenatal environment significantly contributes to the width of the neonatal line , influencing the pace of reaching post-delivery homeostasis by the newborn's organism.
all teeth were sectioned in the labio-linqual plane using a diamond blade ( buechler isomet @number@ ) .
final specimens were observed with the microscope delta optical evolution @number@ at 10× and 40× magnifications.
for each tooth , linear measurements of the neonatal line width were performed on its labial surface at the three levels from the cemento-enamel junction.
in all analysed series , the neonatal line width was diversified depending on the child's age at death.
the value of spearman's rank correlation coefficient calculated for the correlation between the child's age at death and the neonatal line width was statistically significant.
a clear increase in the width of the neonatal line was thus observed along with a decrease in the child's age at death.
there is a broad consensus on the coupling of deteriorating gait and vestibular asymmetry , which has proved predictive of falls in the elderly.
to date , research on this coupling remains inconclusive and has not focused specifically on fallers.
we believe that the increased variability might stem from a strategic use of double support to re-stabilize from balance perturbations during gait.
to some extent , these results diverge from previous findings and need to be reassessed in future studies.
the focus was on the impact of specific comorbidities and radiologic data.
radiologic data were evaluated from the latest radiographs , and comorbidity data from patient records.
the primary outcome was a sum score indicating how many adls ( out of @number@ ) the patient was able to perform without difficulty.
the factors associated with adl performance were analyzed with adjustment for age , gender , charlson's comorbidity index and kellgren-lawrence score.
results : knee replacement resulted in improved performance in almost all the analyzed adl activities.
except for cardiac diseases , the effect of the analyzed comorbidities on adl performance was not significant.
older patients and women attained lower final functional ability than younger patients and men , but improved similarly.
in more progressed osteoarthritis , the final ability was lower , but the improvement gained was greater.
conclusions : comorbidity , age , or more progressed osteoarthritis should not be considered an impediment to knee replacement.
cardiac function and dysfunction exhibit striking time-of-day-dependent oscillations.
disturbances in both daily rhythms and sleep are associated with increased risk of heart disease , adverse cardiovascular events , and worsening outcomes.
background : due to demographic aging , an increasing number of revision arthroplasty procedures is expected during upcoming years.
the risk of periprosthetic infection has been reduced about @date@ by the use of silver surface coating.
improvements in stem design , cement technique , and the additional use of locking screws have minimized the risk of aseptic loosening.
improvements in material composition have reduced the risk of material failure.
the risk of hip dislocation could also be minimized by careful tissue preparation and appropriate suture technique.
conclusion : there is no need for the conservative use of megaprostheses in revision arthroplasty.
this differed from generalized effects of both agents on task specificity in the encoding phase.
the results demonstrate a link between aging , dopaminergic function and dedifferentiation in the hippocampus.
methods : the review followed prisma guidelines.
pubmed ( to @date@ ) was searched for longitudinal mri studies reporting hippocampal atrophy or volume change in cognitively healthy individuals.
titles were screened and non-english , duplicate or irrelevant entries were excluded.
remaining record abstracts were reviewed to identify studies for full text retrieval.
full text was retrieved and screened against inclusion / exclusion criteria.
bibliographies and previous reviews were examined to identify additional studies.
data were summarised using meta-analysis and age , segmentation technique and study type were tested as potential moderators using meta-regression.
it was hypothesised that population studies would produce higher atrophy rates than clinical observational studies.
mean total hippocampal atrophy for the entire sample was @percent@ per year ( @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
population studies were not associated with a significant effect on atrophy.
analyses of @number@ studies separately measuring left and right hippocampal atrophy ( n = 1142 ) provided little evidence of laterality effects.
while no study separately reported atrophy by gender , a number tested for gender effects and @number@ studies reported higher atrophy in males.
conclusions : hippocampal atrophy rates increase with age with the largest increases occurring from midlife onwards.
manual segmentation approaches result in higher measured atrophy rates.
despite the potential consequences , sci is often underreported and undetected.
application of the framework is further illustrated through the use of clinical examples.
comfortable walking speed ( cws ) is indicative of clinically relevant factors in the elderly , such as fall risk and mortality.
hence , the predictive value of cws may be expected to increase when assessed for walking in more realistic ( visually guided ) conditions.
we examined cws in young ( n = 18 ) and older ( n = 18 ) adults for both overground and treadmill walking.
overground cws was assessed using the 10-meter walk test with and without visual stepping targets.
pre-experimental measures were taken so that the average inter-stepping target distance could be adjusted for each belt speed based on each participant's self-selected gait characteristics.
results from the treadmill-walking task showed that the amount of variation in inter-stepping target distance did not differentially affect cws.
firm conclusions about whether mid-life or long-term statin use has an impact on cognitive decline and dementia remain elusive.
we summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) and observational studies , grouped according to study design.
we discuss the methods for each , and consider likely sources of bias , such as reverse causation and confounding.
hierarchical regression and structural equation models ( sem ) were used to analyze the data.
conclusions : these findings indicated that reading fluency and morphological awareness should be facilitated in the chinese instruction.
background : cardiometabolic risk factors and related cardiovascular diseases represent major threats to healthy aging.
objective : we aimed to estimate distribution , pharmacological treatment , and control of main cardiometabolic risk factors among older people.
cardiometabolic risk factors were defined following the most commonly used criteria.
prevalence was standardized using local census data.
the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes increased with age , whereas the prevalence of obesity and high cholesterol decreased with age.
forty-nine percent of older adults had two or more cardiometabolic risk factors ; @percent@ had three or more.
overall , @percent@ of people with hypertension , @percent@ with diabetes , and @percent@ with high cholesterol received pharmacological treatment.
appropriate management of cardiometabolic profiles among older people may help improve cardiovascular health and achieve healthy aging.
introduction : cushing's syndrome ( cs ) increases cardiovascular risk ( cvr ) and adipocytokine imbalance , associated with an increased inflammatory state.
telomere length ( tl ) shortening is a novel cvr marker , associated with inflammation biomarkers.
we hypothesized that inflammatory state and higher cvr in cs might be related to tl shortening , as observed in premature aging.
aim : to evaluate relationships between tl , cvr and inflammation markers in cs.
total white blood cell tl was measured by trf-southern technique.
clinical data and blood samples were collected ( lipids , adrenal function , glucose ) .
adiponectin , interleukin-6 ( il6 ) and c-reactive protein ( crp ) were available in a subgroup of patients ( n = 32 ) .
correlations between tl and clinical features were examined and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of tl.
results : dyslipidemic cs had shorter tl than non-dyslipidemic subjects ( 7328±1274 vs 7957±1137 bp , p < 0.05 ) .
age and dyslipidemia were independent negative predictors of tl.
increased lipids and a \ "low \ " grade inflammation may contribute to tl shortening and consequently to premature ageing and increased morbidity in cs.
at the age of @number@ years , we measured retinal arteriolar and venular calibers from digitized retinal photographs.
accelerated infant growth until @number@ months was associated with narrow retinal arteriolar caliber , especially among preterm-born children ( p < @number@ ) .
early growth measures were not associated with retinal venular caliber.
conclusion : preterm birth and accelerated infant growth are associated with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber in childhood.
whether these microvascular adaptations explain the well known associations of fetal and infant characteristics with cardiovascular disease in later life should be further studied.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects ( @number@ eyes ) were enrolled in this cross-section study.
these anterior ocular biometric parameters were correlated with increasing age ( p < 0.01 ) .
univariate regression analysis showed that greater ct was significantly associated with smaller iarea ( p = @number@ ) .
anticipated survival is one marker of perceived uncontrollable threats to health.
methods : data from waves @number@ and @number@ of the english longitudinal survey of ageing provided @number@ years of follow up.
perceptions of uncontrollable threats to health at baseline were measured using anticipated survival.
health behaviours considered were self-reported cigarette smoking , physical activity level , and frequency of alcohol consumption.
a wide range of socio-economic , demographic , and health variables were adjusted for.
there were no associations between anticipated survival and change in alcohol consumption.
conclusions : our hypotheses were partially confirmed , though associations were inconsistent across behaviours and absent for alcohol consumption.
individual assessments of uncontrollable threats to health may be an important determinant of smoking and physical activity.
we examined life expectancies with cognitive impairment ( cile ) and free of cognitive impairment ( cifle ) in seven developing lac countries.
the sullivan method was applied to estimate cile and cifle.
logistic regression was used to determine the effect of age , gender and education on cognitive outcome.
meta-regression models were fitted for all @number@ countries together to investigate the relationship between cifle and education in men and women at age @number@
tle for females at age @number@ was highest for chileans ( @number@ years ) and lowest for brazilians ( @number@ years ) .
cifle for men was greatest in cuba ( @number@ years ) and least in brazil ( @number@ years ) .
these differences did not appear to be explained by educational level ( men : p = @number@ women : p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : increasing age , female sex and low education were associated with higher ci in lac reflecting patterns found in other countries.
aim : this study sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of initial eus or mrcp in patients with suspected cbd stones.
a decision tree model was constructed and populated with probabilities , outcomes and cost data from published sources , including one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.
initial mrcp was the most cost-effective option with the highest monetary net benefit , and this result was not sensitive to model parameters.
conclusion : from the perspective of the uk nhs , mrcp was the most cost-effective test in the diagnosis of cbd stones.
cognition was similar in the randomization arms @number@ years after the intervention in @number@ participants , suggesting that the intervention did not benefit cognition.
using experience sampling , we quantified the incidence of am and pm in natural settings among various age groups.
individuals of all ages reported engaging in am approximately @percent@ of the time.
in contrast , whereas younger subjects recalled pms as often as they recalled ams , older subjects experienced pm twice as frequently.
am occurrence was positively correlated with pm occurrence , most strongly among younger individuals.
am and pm durations were also positively correlated and remarkably stable across age groups.
together , these data identify an age-associated shift in the temporal orientation of recollection and quantify the relationship between am and pm.
more broadly , this approach provides a quantitative foundation of am and pm occurrence , a crucial yet largely unexplored dimension of recollection.
how sociocultural contexts shape individual functioning is of prime interest for psychological inquiry.
secular increases favoring later-born cohorts in fluid intelligence measures are widely documented for young adults.
importance : facial erythema and telangiectasia are commonly associated with the erythematotelangiectatic subtype of rosacea ( etr ) .
objective : to demonstrate that etr and tp are distinct dermatologic disorders.
histologically , there was less evidence of photodamage in etr than in tp , which had wispy collagen and solar elastosis surrounding blood vessels.
meniscal damage or resection causes changes in knee mechanics during walking , resulting in altered cartilage loading.
because cartilage is mechanically sensitive , these loading changes can initiate a catabolic effect , culminating in tissue degeneration.
the evidence suggests that the addition of elevated inflammation at the time of meniscal damage or meniscectomy results in an accelerated progression toward cartilage degradation.
furthermore , the inflammation secondary to obesity and aging introduces an increased risk of developing oa following meniscal injury.
the single most important predictor of inappropriate prescribing and risk of adverse drug events in older patients is the number of prescribed drugs.
deprescribing is the process of tapering or stopping drugs , aimed at minimizing polypharmacy and improving patient outcomes.
evidence of efficacy for deprescribing is emerging from randomized trials and observational studies.
whereas patient and prescriber barriers to deprescribing exist , resources and strategies are available that facilitate deliberate yet judicious deprescribing and deserve wider application.
data are lacking regarding the risks and benefits of discontinuing statin therapy for patients with limited life expectancy.
objective : to evaluate the safety , clinical , and cost impact of discontinuing statin medications for patients in the palliative care setting.
design , setting , and participants : this was a multicenter , parallel-group , unblinded , pragmatic clinical trial.
participants were randomized to either discontinue or continue statin therapy and were monitored monthly for up to @number@ year.
the study was conducted from @date@ , to @date@ .
all analyses were performed using an intent-to-treat approach.
interventions : statin therapy was withdrawn from eligible patients who were randomized to the discontinuation group.
patients in the continuation group continued to receive statins.
mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years , @percent@ of the participants were cognitively impaired , and @percent@ had cancer.
total qol was better for the group discontinuing statin therapy ( mean mcgill qol score , @number@ vs @number@ p = .04 ) .
few participants experienced cardiovascular events ( @number@ in the discontinuation group vs @number@ in the continuation group ) .
mean cost savings were $ 3.37 per day and $ 716 per patient.
thoughtful patient-provider discussions regarding the uncertain benefit and potential decrement in qol associated with statin continuation in this setting are warranted.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01415934.
we included @number@ participants and administered the tmt ( tmt-a and tmt-b ) and the wechsler intelligence adult scale ( wais ) .
background : familial spastic paraplegia ( fsp ) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized primarily by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness.
more than @number@ disease loci have been described with different modes of inheritance.
further to this finding , here we describe the functional effect of this mutation.
results : overexpressing both wild-type and r268q pmca4 significantly reduced maximum calcium surge after kcl-induced depolarization as compared with vector control cells.
however , cells overexpressing mutant pmca4 protein demonstrated significantly higher level of calcium surge when compared with wild-type.
furthermore , the steady-state cytosolic calcium concentration in these mutant cells remained markedly higher than the wild-type after serca inhibition by thapsigargin.
conclusion : our result showed that p.r268q mutation in pmca4 resulted in functional changes in calcium homeostasis in human neuronal cells.
this suggests that calcium dysregulation may be associated with the pathogenesis of fsp.
background : greater educational attainment is associated with better neurocognitive health in older adults and is thought to reflect a measure of cognitive reserve.
in vivo neuroimaging tools have begun to identify the brain systems and networks potentially responsible for reserve.
using single voxel mr spectroscopy , we predicted that higher levels of education would moderate an age-related decline in naa in the frontal cortex.
conclusions : taken together , these results suggest that higher levels of education may attenuate an age-related reduction in neuronal viability in the frontal cortex.
over the past few decades , the longest extension in life expectancy in the world has been observed in japan.
however , the sophistication of medical care and the expansion of the aging society , leads to continuous increase in health-care costs.
aging is associated with increased production of pro-oxidants and accumulation of oxidative end products.
vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) has been characterized as a heparin binding angiogenic growth factor displaying high specificity for endothelial cells.
it is profoundly accumulated and co-localized with amyloid beta ( aβ ) plaques in the brain of alzheimer's disease patients.
developmentally , only expression of vegf mrna was increased with age in the entorhinal , and somatosensory cortex of wild type mice.
little is known regarding the processes governing typical development of these attention networks in the brain.
for the van nodes ( tpj and vfc ) , adults showed greater functional connectivity with regions within the network compared with children.
children showed greater functional connectivity between vfc and nodes of the salience network.
spinal cord regeneration is very inefficient in humans , causing paraplegia and quadriplegia.
here , we use xenopus laevis as a model organism to study spinal cord repair.
histological and functional analyses showed that larvae at pre-metamorphic stages restore anatomical continuity of the spinal cord and recover swimming after complete spinal cord transection.
these regenerative capabilities decrease with onset of metamorphosis.
the ability to study regenerative and non-regenerative stages in xenopus laevis makes it a unique model system to study regeneration.
we studied the response of sox2 ( / ) 3 expressing cells to spinal cord injury and their function in the regenerative process.
we found that cells expressing sox2 and / or sox3 are present in the ventricular zone of regenerative animals and decrease in non-regenerative froglets.
the in vivo imaging also demonstrated that sox2 ( / ) 3 ( + ) neural progenitor cells generate neurons in response to injury.
in contrast , these cells showed a delayed and very limited response in non-regenerative froglets.
sox2 knockdown and overexpression of a dominant negative form of sox2 disrupts locomotor and anatomical-histological recovery.
we also found that neurogenesis markers increase in response to injury in regenerative but not in non-regenerative animals.
background : fracture of the hip ( hf ) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals.
hf is an acute stress that triggers a state of inflammation which may affect immune responses and physical recovery.
methods : longitudinal study of the impact of hf on the functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmns ) in elderly subjects.
data were recorded prior to surgery , 6weeks and 6months later.
whereas fcγrii ( cd32 ) expression remained unchanged , fcγriii ( cd16 ) increased from low values before surgery to levels of controls 6months post-surgery.
this was also the case for the c5a complement receptor and cd11b.
tlr2 and tlr4 expressions were unchanged.
cytokine and chemokine secretions by stimulated pmn were altered.
tnfα and il-10 secretions were increased following hf but il-8 secretion was decreased.
impaired pmn functions prior to surgery were related to alterations in pi3k and nf-κb signaling pathways.
recovery of these functions paralleled increased pi3k activity , although superoxide production remained low.
sustained activation of the nf-κb pathway by tnfα has been reported to involve upregulation of ikkβ kinase activity.
the development of sensitivity to radial optic flow discrimination was investigated by measuring motion coherence thresholds ( mcts ) in school-aged children at two speeds.
a total of @number@ child observers aged 6-16years and @number@ young adult observers ( @number@.66 + / -2.74years ) participated.
adult observers also identified the direction of motion for translational ( rightward vs. leftward ) and rotational ( clockwise vs. anticlockwise ) patterns.
even at 16years mcts were higher than that for adults ( independent t-tests , p < 0.05 ) .
both children and adults had higher sensitivity at @number@.5° / s compared to @number@.6° / s ( paired t-tests , p < 0.05 ) .
sensitivity to radial optic flow is still immature at 16years of age , indicating late maturation of higher cortical areas.
the counseling interventions lasted for @number@ months and were complemented by nicotine patches.
incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per quitter and cost-utility ratios per qaly were calculated and presented in acceptability curves.
uncertainty was accounted for by sensitivity analysis.
results : using continued abstinence as the outcome measure showed that telephone counseling had the highest probability of being cost-effective.
face-to-to-face counseling was also more cost-effective than usual care.
no significant improvements and differences in qalys between the three conditions were found.
varying costs and effect estimations revealed that the results of the primary analyses were robust.
however , the lack of consensus concerning the willingness-to-pay per quitter impedes drawing firm conclusions.
moreover , studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to capture late relapses and possible differences in qalys.
in multicellular organisms , mtor regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients , growth factors and cellular energy conditions.
all these events are key players in age-related cognitive decline such as development of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
for instance , s-nitrosylation regulates enzymatic activity of target proteins via inhibition of active site cysteine residues or via allosteric regulation of protein structure.
in contrast , emerging evidence suggests that aging and disease-linked environmental risk factors exacerbate nitrosative stress via excessive production of no.
we also speculate that intervention to prevent these aberrant s-nitrosylation events may produce novel therapeutic agents to combat neurodegenerative diseases.
the paper expands on the vardis multiplicative censoring model ( vardi , @number@
multiplicative censoring , renewal processes , deconvolution and decreasing density : non-parametric estimation.
a formal test for checking the truncation time distribution is constructed based on the semiparametric likelihood ratio test statistic.
smooth test for goodness of fit.
skandinavisk aktuarietidskrift 20 : , 150-199 ) .
asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are established.
simulations are performed to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods.
background : portal hypertension , a major complication of hepatic fibrosis , can affect the stiffness of the spleen.
decreased heart rate variability and depression are both independent risk factors for cardiac mortality in clinical and non-clinical samples.
the sample included @number@ african americans with a mean age of @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) .
participants completed the beck depression inventory-ii ( bdi-ii ) and a 5-min resting baseline measurement of rsa was collected.
the bdi-ii total score was positively associated with rsa ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the somatic affective , was related to rsa ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) , but not the cognitive subscale.
many women now choose to develop their careers before having children.
in this article we review the diverse epidemiologic evidence for the link between fertility potential , age of menopause , and women's lifespan.
then we discuss the recent advances using genomic technology to better understand biological mechanisms driving this association.
at the genetic level , there are polymorphisms that may be driving both extended fertility and longevity.
by synthesizing results from diverse domains , we hope to provide a genomic-era conceptual framework in which this important connection can be investigated and understood.
these data suggest that fmr1 cgg repeats are not a genetic risk factor for et.
whole-brain network analyses remain the vanguard in neuroimaging research , coming to prominence within the last decade.
network science approaches have facilitated these analyses and allowed examining the brain as an integrated system.
however , statistical methods for modeling and comparing groups of networks have lagged behind.
fusing multivariate statistical approaches with network science presents the best path to develop these methods.
thus , they provide a comprehensive approach to studying system level brain properties to further our understanding of normal and abnormal brain function.
results were extended to the european early-onset dementia cohorts ( @number@ early-onset alzheimer's disease [ eoad ] patients and @number@ nonaffected individuals ) .
of the @number@ detected exonic variants in sqstm1 , the majority were rare ( n = @number@ ) .
objectives : the present study investigates age differences in the vulnerability to illusory correlations between fear-relevant stimuli and threatening information.
in a source monitoring test , participants were required to remember whether an animal was associated with poisonousness or nonpoisonousness.
illusory correlations were implicitly measured via a multinomial model.
one advantage of this approach is that memory and guessing processes can be assessed independently.
results : older adults showed evidence of illusory correlations in source guessing while younger adults did not ; instead they showed evidence of probability matching.
moreover , snake fear was associated with increased vulnerability to illusory correlations in older adults.
discussion : the findings confirm that older adults are more susceptible to fear-relevant illusory correlations than younger adults.
the ral guanosine triphosphatases ( gtpases ) , rala and ralb , are members of the ras superfamily of small gtpases.
recent evidence suggests that ral signalling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of human cancers.
this review summarizes recent advance in the investigation of ral gtpases.
intrafamilial associations of cardiometabolic risk factors are rarely studied and the few existing results are inconsistent.
results : bmi values and wc were stronger related in father-offspring than in mother-offspring pairs.
adjustment for potential confounders did not change these results.
conclusion : these results might be explained by gender-specific genetic factors as well as by early life programming.
through in-depth interviews with @number@ u.s.-based anti-aging clinicians and @number@ female anti-aging patients , we analyze attitudes towards bhrt.
we illustrate how these attitudes reveal broader contemporary values , discourses , and discomforts with menopause , aging , and biomedicine.
the attraction to and promise of bhrt is rooted in the idea that it is a \ "natural \ " therapy.
body composition , upper- and lower-limb strength level , and qol were assessed.
significant differences were found in bmi and %fat mass , between bbp and s with relation to ldr ( p < 0.001 ) .
additionally , the %fat mass is increased only in s group ( p < @number@ ) .
the cmj performance is significantly reduced only in s group ( @number@ m , p < 0.001 ) .
nevertheless , the ldr group showed similar values to s ones in muscle mass.
the regression analysis performed showed that the sedentary habit predicts the %fat mass and cmj performance.
objectives : to test the effectiveness of progressive resistance training , protein nutritional supplements and both interventions combined in the treatment of sarcopenia.
this exercise resulted in increased muscle mass and strength , and increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis and muscle fiber size.
nutritional supplements such as , leucine and essential amino acids produced gains in muscle mass.
all supplements increased strength , especially when combined with resistance exercise.
background : left ventricular ( lv ) contraction displaces the aortic annulus and produces a force that stretches the ascending aorta.
we hypothesized that aortic stiffening increases this previously ignored component of lv load and may contribute to hypertrophy.
conversely , aortic stretch-related work represents stored energy that may facilitate early diastolic filling.
aortic stiffness was evaluated as the product of young's modulus and aortic wall thickness.
force was computed from young's modulus and longitudinal aortic strain ; work was the integrated product of force and annulus displacement during systole.
lv mass and dynamic volume were measured using the area-length method.
filling was assessed from time-resolved lv volume curves.
conclusions : higher aortic stiffness was associated with higher lv mass , independently of pressure.
higher stretch-related work was associated with greater early diastolic filling in men only.
impaired diastolic recovery of energy stored by systolic proximal aortic stretch may contribute to increased susceptibility to diastolic dysfunction in women.
biotinidase deficiency ( bd ) , which is caused by btd genetic lesions , if untreated , can result in neurological and cutaneous manifestations.
biotin supplementation can improve or prevent symptoms.
we herewith present a family , which we studied at biochemical and molecular level , after identifying the proband through a newborn screening programme.
bioinformatic analysis allowed us to confirm the pathogenic role of the newly identified variant.
this is the first description of a patient with bd harbouring a variant whose origin is either de novo or the consequence of gonadal mosaicism.
the present study aimed at comparing the voice characteristics in sustained phonations of pd patients with an age-matched control group.
methods : the subjects were @number@ japanese pd patients ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) .
the control group consisted of @number@ age-matched normal japanese subjects ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) .
maximum phonation time was also assessed.
in both sexes , the pitch range was significantly narrower in the pd group than in the control group.
purpose : to characterize the voice of elderly people engaged in aerobics.
the spearman correlation test was used , with significance level of @percent@.
results : the association between auditory-perceptual assessment of voice and acoustic parameters was not statistically significant but showed less vocal quality deviations.
there was no correlation between time of aerobics and acoustic measures , but there was correlation of those measurements with age.
there was a significant negative correlation between minimum f0 with breathiness ; jitter measures with tension ; and soft phonation index with roughness and instability.
aim : to evaluate the contribution of multimorbidity to oxs in load and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
methods : serum hydroperoxides and multimorbidity ( cirs-ci scale ) were evaluated in @number@ controls , @number@ mci and @number@ load.
conclusions : multimorbidity is associated with systemic oxs but only in elderly people with either no or mild cognitive impairment.
although oxs is elevated in load patients , its association with multimorbidity seems to be negligible , confirming the existence of strong disease-specific pro-oxidant mechanisms.
purpose : urbanization may promote the rise of dual burdens of underweight and overweight in low- and middle-income countries.
we assessed underweight and overweight by urban residence across the lifespan in india.
in urban areas , the unhealthy weight burden was largely underweight in childhood and overweight in adulthood.
in rural areas , the unhealthy weight burden was largely underweight at all ages.
urban residents compared with rural residents were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be underweight at nearly all ages.
conclusions : combined unhealthy weight was comparable in urban and rural india.
although underweight continues to be the predominant nutritional problem , there is early evidence of an epidemiologic crossover from underweight to overweight.
as india experiences urbanization and population aging , low overweight and obesity may be short lived.
the presence of proinflammatory monocytes / macrophages ( cd14 + cd16 + ) has been documented in conditions of inflammation , such as atherosclerosis.
monocyte / macrophages were identified as cd14 + mononuclear cells and divided into subpopulations based on the co-expression of cd16.
we found no differences in the monocyte / macrophage content between men ( n = @number@ ) and women ( n = @number@ ) .
in addition , a strong correlation was found between the monocyte / macrophage content in fat and age only in older women.
therefore , proinflammatory monocytes / macrophages ( cd14 + cd16 + ) should be evaluated according to the sex and age.
ku also functions to prevent tumorigenesis and senescence since ku-deficient mice show increased cancer incidence and early onset of aging.
overall , ku function is critical to the maintenance of genomic integrity and to proper cellular and organismal development.
diastolic function get worse with increasing age.
aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic training on diastolic function with increasing age with speckle tracking echocardiography.
ag had better diastolic function than sg.
ag showed lower left ventricular twist than controls.
regular and aerobic training may minimize aging changes of diastolic function.
this training-effect may play a key role to preserve diastolic filling in older athletes.
efficient motor control requires motor planning.
however , less is known about age-related changes in motor planning.
we found that meps were less specifically facilitated during planning in older as compared to younger adults , as indicated by an age×condition×muscle interaction.
young participants showed significantly facilitated meps in the respective muscle needed for wrist flexion or extension.
by contrast meps in older participants were less specifically modulated.
carbamylation triggers structural and functional modifications of proteins , thus impairing their biological roles and their interactions with cells.
much experimental evidence in vitro has shown the potential deleterious effects of carbamylated proteins on cell and tissue functions.
recent clinical studies have confirmed the link between serum protein carbamylation and morbi-mortality in patients suffering from ckd or undergoing hemodialysis.
some cdps could be used as biomarkers in these pathologies.
statement of problem : because of the high mechanical strength of zirconium dioxide , the metal in fixed partial prostheses can now be replaced.
however , the material is susceptible to aging or hydrothermal degradation and to chipping of the feldspathic veneer.
material and methods : twenty-seven anterior partial fixed dental prostheses of @number@ to @number@ units were fabricated.
all participants were examined after @number@ month and @number@ months , then annually for @number@ years.
six partial fixed dental prostheses had complications : @number@ debonded , @number@ had chipping , and @number@ had periapical pathology.
all veneer porcelain fractures occurred in 6-unit fixed partial prostheses ( p = .002 ) .
the clinical success rate was @percent@ after the 7-year follow-up.
conclusions : the clinical behavior of partial fixed dental prostheses with a zirconium dioxide core in the anterior region provides an adequate medium-term survival rate.
the main cause of failure was secondary caries.
the most frequent complication was chipping , which was directly related to the number of units of the prosthesis.
background : overweight and obese older adults have high sedentary time.
an inclinometer ( activpal ) measured the primary outcomes , change in total sitting time and sit-to-stand transitions.
paired t tests examined pre-post test changes in sitting time , sit-to-stand transitions , and secondary outcomes.
accelerometer measured sedentary time , light-intensity , and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity improved ( all p values ≤ @number@ ) .
self-reported sitting time , gait speed , and depressive symptoms also improved ( all p values < @number@ ) .
effect sizes were small.
study satisfaction was high.
conclusions : reducing sitting time is feasible , and the intervention shows preliminary evidence of effectiveness among older adults with overweight and obesity.
randomized trials of sedentary behavior reduction in overweight and obese older adults , most of whom have multiple chronic conditions , may be promising.
of these @number@ sdhs , @number@ ( @percent@ ) required surgical drainage.
the incidence rate was @number@ sdhs per @number@ persons , and the age-standardized rate was @number@.1±4.74 sdhs per @number@ persons.
background and purpose : obesity and physical inactivity are independently associated with physical and functional limitations in older adults.
the current study examines the impact of physical activity on odds of physical and functional limitations in older adults with central and general obesity.
conclusions : physical activity is associated with significantly lower odds of physical and functional limitations in obese older adults regardless of how obesity is classified.
additional research is needed to determine whether physical activity moderates long-term physical and functional limitations.
a brief battery of neuropsychological measures was also administered to assess the convergent and discriminant validity of the fmri symbol search task.
predicted convergent and discriminant validity patterns of the fmri symbol search task were also observed.
results : of the @number@ participants included in the analysis , @percent@ were cmv + viremic ; @percent@ cmv + aviremic ; @percent@ cmv-naïve.
surprisingly , cmv status did not have a significant impact on longitudinal trends in cd8 + cd38 + hla-dr + %.
cmv status did not have a significant impact on any cd4 + t-cell subsets.
background : obesity is associated with increased mortality , and weight loss trials show rapid improvement in many mortality risk factors.
yet , observational studies typically associate weight loss with higher mortality risk.
weight loss interventions were all lifestyle-based.
relative risks ( rr ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) were estimated for each trial.
for trials reporting at least one death ( n = @number@ ) , a summary estimate was calculated using the mantel-haenszel method.
sensitivity analysis using sparse data methods included remaining trials.
results : trials enrolled @number@ participants ( @percent@ female , mean age at randomization = @number@ years ) .
a total of @number@ deaths were reported in weight loss groups and @number@ in non-weight loss groups.
the weight loss groups experienced a @percent@ lower all-cause mortality risk ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.73-1.00 ) .
conclusions : in obese adults , intentional weight loss may be associated with approximately a @percent@ reduction in all-cause mortality.
the mechanisms by which aging and other processes can affect the structure and function of brain networks are important to understanding normal age-related cognitive decline.
the effects of these processes on the function of distributed cognitive networks , however , are poorly understood.
we assessed cognitively healthy older adults with search tasks indexing processing speed and attentional control.
expanding upon previous research , older adults demonstrate activation across a frontal-parietal attentional control network.
further , greater white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with increased activation of a frontal network node independent of chronological age.
neurodegenerative process in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) has been proven to involve several cortical and subcortical brain regions within and beyond motor areas.
however , how als pathology spreads progressively during disease evolution is still unknown.
results : the structural equations model yielded acceptable results : χ² ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@
the home care worker plays a key role in ensuring the overall satisfaction in the caregiving triad.
severe cardiac sympathetic degeneration occurs in dlb , but not in ad , offering a potential system for a biological diagnostic marker.
three readers , unaware of the clinical diagnosis , classified the images as either normal or abnormal by visual inspection.
the heart-to-mediastinum ratios of 123i-mibg uptake were also calculated using an automated region-of-interest based system.
by visual assessment , the sensitivity and specificity were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the diagnostic accuracy is sufficiently high for this technique to be clinically useful in distinguishing dlb from ad , especially in patients with mild dementia.
method : from the @number@ national social life , health , and aging project , @number@ cases were examined.
falls were categorized into a binary variable , comparing zero falls with one or more falls.
an unadjusted model was run to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
this final adjusted binary logistic regression model was then used to examine the relationship between falls and the independent variables.
the relationship between depressive symptomology and anti-depressant prescription was also significantly associated with falls ( p = @number@ ) .
tick-transmitted spotted fever group rickettsiae ( sfgr ) are considered emerging disease pathogens in europe.
for this purpose , a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) test for all sfgr was used.
according to our results , all of germany can be considered as an endemic area for sfgr.
this should be taken into account when assessing the epidemiology of human rickettsioses and their impact on public health.
many important biological roles of glycoproteins are modulated by n-linked oligosaccharides.
n-glycome was evaluated in serum glycoproteins.
results : we found significant changes in n-glycan composition in the sera of t2dm patients.
importantly , they were equally reduced in diabetic patients with and without complications ( p < 0.001 ) compared with ctrs.
macro vascular-complications were found to be related with decreased levels of ng1 ( @number@ ) a2f.
conclusions : imbalance of glycosyltransferases , glycosidases and sugar nucleotide donor levels is able to cause the structural changes evidenced by our findings.
nonetheless , type of community of residence as well as individual and social resources contributed more to pts symptoms than did the participants ' age.
we evaluate those associations using the survey on assets and health dynamics among the oldest old ( ahead ) .
methods : eight waves of reinterviews ( 1995-2010 ) were linked to medicare claims for @number@ self-respondents yielding @number@ person-period observations.
gee negative binomial and logistic regression models were used.
results : better mental status was associated with more concordant reporting and less underreporting on disease history and the number of hospital episodes.
better mental status and delayed word recall were associated with more concordant reporting and less underreporting on health services use.
better delayed recall was significantly associated with less underreporting on the number of physician visits.
these associations were not appreciably altered by adjustment for demographic characteristics , socioeconomic status , self-rated health , or secular trends.
it is recognized that genetic factors contribute to human longevity.
however , the latter finds no support from recent genetic studies.
to test this hypothesis , we investigated the genome-wide methylation profile in @number@ chinese female centenarians and @number@ middle-aged controls using methyl-dna immunoprecipitation sequencing.
@number@ differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) were observed between both groups.
interestingly , genes with these dmrs were enriched in age-related diseases , including type-2 diabetes , cardiovascular disease , stroke and alzheimer's disease.
this pattern remains rather stable after including methylomes of two white individuals.
therefore , our study suggests that suppressing the disease-related genes via epigenetic modification is an important contributor to human longevity.
the variables associated with outcomes were analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
for the independent predictors identified by multivariate analysis , receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis was performed.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included in the study.
the patient mean age was @number@ years , @percent@ were female , and the mean lvef was @number@.25%±5.76%.
in the multivariate analysis , only copd infectious exacerbation was independently associated with prolonged hospitalization ( p = 0.003 ) .
the 1-year mortality rate was @percent@ , with no significant difference between cardiovascular ( @percent@ ) and noncardiovascular ( @percent@ ) deaths.
the most powerful predictors for outcomes are the severity of heart failure , the presence of comorbidities , and prolonged hospitalization at baseline.
several mechanisms could help to explain this proposed link ; however , our focus is on insulin resistance and deficiency.
based on those epidemiological data and basic research , it was recently proposed that ad can be considered as \ "type @number@ diabetes \ ".
special attention has been paid to determining whether antidiabetic agents might be effective in treating ad.
there has been much research both experimental and clinical on this topic.
although the results of these trials seem to be contradictory , this approach is also full of promise.
it is worth mentioning that the therapeutic effects of these drugs are influenced by the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) -ε4 genotype.
patients without the apoe-ε4 allele showed better treatment effects than those with this allele.
the heart is a muscle with high energy demands.
hence , most patients with mitochondrial disease produced by defects in the oxidative phosphorylation ( oxphos ) system are susceptible to cardiac involvement.
the presentation of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy includes hypertrophic , dilated and left ventricular noncompaction , but the molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac impairment are unknown.
cardiac-specific knockdown of scox reduces fly lifespan , and it severely compromises heart function and structure , producing dilated cardiomyopathy.
the major cardiac defects observed are produced by a significant increase in apoptosis , which is dp53-dependent.
genetic and molecular evidence strongly suggest that dp53 is directly involved in the development of the cardiomyopathy induced by scox deficiency.
superoxide and nitric oxide are generated by skeletal muscle , and these species are increased by contractile activity.
a failure of redox signaling occurs in muscle during aging and may contribute to the age-related loss of muscle fibers.
whether such changes in redox signaling reflect primary age-related changes or are secondary to the fundamental mechanisms is unclear.
purpose : visualization of the spatial distribution of neurofibrillary tangles would help in the diagnosis , prevention and treatment of dementia.
ten subjects underwent an additional [ ( @number@ ) c ] pib pet scan within @number@ weeks.
results : in post-mortem brain samples , thk-5117 bound selectively to neurofibrillary deposits , which differed from the binding target of pib.
compared with [ ( @number@ ) c ] pib , [ ( @number@ ) f ] thk-5117 retention was higher in the medial temporal cortex.
conclusion : these findings suggest that [ ( @number@ ) f ] thk-5117 provides regional information on neurofibrillary pathology in living subjects.
background : the world's population is aging , and the need for nurses is increasing.
working with older adults , however , has always been an unpopular career choice among student nurses.
it is important to understand student nurses ' motivation for choosing gerontological nursing as a career.
design : cross-sectional survey.
settings and participants : participants were last-semester student nurses from @number@ universities offering nursing undergraduate programs in shandong , china.
of the @number@ student nurses , @number@ completed the survey ( a response rate of @percent@ ) .
methods : the outcome variable was the motivation to choose gerontological nursing as a career.
this was measured using a motivation questionnaire that included expectancy and value subscales.
conclusions : it is imperative for nurse educators to improve the gerontological nursing clinical practice environment for student nurses.
moreover , cultivating student nurses ' positive attitudes about geriatrics and relieving anxiety about aging could be beneficial.
this paper examines whether maternity leave policies have an effect on women's mental health in older age.
deterioration of adult stem cells accounts for much of aging-associated compromised tissue maintenance.
how stem cells maintain metabolic homeostasis remains elusive.
sirt7 expression was reduced in aged hscs , and sirt7 up-regulation improved the regenerative capacity of aged hscs.
these findings define the deregulation of a upr ( mt ) -mediated metabolic checkpoint as a reversible contributing factor for hsc aging.
background : prospective memory refers to memory for future intentions and is a critical predictor of functional capacity in late adulthood.
for many other cognitive abilities , self- and informant-rated methods of assessment are routinely used to guide clinical decision-making.
however , little is known about the validity ( and consequently the clinical utility ) of subjective reports of prospective memory difficulties.
self-reported prospective memory was correlated with informant report only in the dementia group , not in the control or mci groups.
these data have potentially important implications for clinical practice.
by using a antibody , @number@ patients showed notable alterations of tdp-43 level in the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments.
patients with sod1 mutations revealed a significant reduction of tdp-43 in the nuclei without cytoplasmic mislocalization.
these changes were associated with the presence of truncated and phosphorylated tdp-43 species.
our results show that fibroblasts recapitulate some of hallmark tdp-43 abnormalities observed in neuronal cells.
the reduction of full-length tdp-43 level in mutant sod1 cells indicates that at least some sod1 mutations alter tdp-43 metabolism.
new brunswick is one of the provinces most affected by the aging of the population.
moreover , aging at home in francophone minority communities is a major challenge in rural areas.
the case study is the method of analysis that we have recommended.
our methodology is based on content analysis of @number@ semi-structured interviews with seniors and their children.
unlabelled : genetic skin diseases caused by mutations resulting in diminished protein synthesis could benefit from local substitution of the missing protein.
proteins , however , are excluded from topical applications due to their physicochemical properties.
skin penetration experiments demonstrated efficient intraepidermal protein delivery particularly in barrier deficient skin , penetration of the nanogels themselves was not detected.
in conclusion , thermoresponsive nanogels are promising topical delivery systems for biomacromolecules.
from the clinical editor : many skin disorders are characterized by an absence of a specific protein due to underlying gene mutation.
the results may have implication for nano-based local delivery of therapeutic agents in skin.
the locus coeruleus ( lc ) noradrenergic system regulates arousal and modulates attention through its extensive projections across the brain.
our results indicate that lc-mri contrast corresponds to the location of neuromelanin cells in lc ; these also correspond to norepinephrine neurons.
it thus appears as if individual differences in subjective memory assessments hardly reflect individual differences in memory in old age.
a shortcoming of cross-sectional studies , however , is that subjective assessments may rely on different individual standards , which are not taken into account.
one solution to this problem has been to investigate subjective and objective memory longitudinally , thereby focusing on individual differences in intraindividual changes.
these correlations are significantly stronger than at cross-section.
of these limited interventions , most were exercise interventions with only limited testing.
method : a prospective randomized control trial was conducted in six nursing homes in northern taiwan.
seventy-five elderly participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups : the comparison group , the cognitive-behavioural strategies with or without exercise group.
the incidences of falls , post intervention , in both experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the comparison group.
however , it remains unknown whether purpose in life protects against the risk of cerebral infarcts among community-dwelling older people.
we tested the hypothesis that greater purpose in life is associated with lower risk of cerebral infarcts.
methods : participants came from the rush memory and aging project.
each participant completed a standard measure of purpose in life.
uniform neuropathologic examination identified macroscopic infarcts and microinfarcts , blinded to clinical information.
association of purpose in life with cerebral infarcts was examined in ordinal logistic regression models using a semiquantitative outcome.
results : four hundred fifty-three participants were included in the analyses.
the mean score on the measure of purpose was @number@ ( sd , @number@ range , @number@.1-5.0 ) .
macroscopic infarcts were found in @number@ ( @percent@ ) people , and microinfarcts were found in @number@ ( @percent@ ) people.
the association with macroscopic infarcts was driven by lacunar infarcts , and was independent of cerebral atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis.
conclusions : purpose in life may affect risk for cerebral infarcts , specifically macroscopic lacunar infarcts.
collagen crosslinking is a posttranslational modification of collagen molecules and plays important roles in tissue differentiation and in the mechanical properties of collagenous tissue.
the crosslinking of collagen in the body can form via two mechanisms : one is enzymatic crosslinking and the other is nonenzymatic crosslinking.
lysyl hydroxylases and lysyl oxidases regulate tissue-specific crosslinking patterns and quantities.
enzymatic crosslinks initially form via immature divalent crosslinking , and a portion of them convert into mature trivalent forms such as pyridinoline and pyrrole crosslinks.
nonenzymatic crosslinks form as a result of reactions which create advanced glycation end products ( ages ) , such as pentosidine and glucosepane.
these types of crosslinks differ in terms of their mechanisms of formation and function.
this review focuses on the effects of collagen crosslinking on bone material properties in health and disease.
the enteric nervous system ( ens ) orchestrates a broad range of important gastrointestinal functions such as intestinal motility and gastric secretion.
the ens can be affected by environmental factors , diet and disease.
changes due to these alterations are often hard to evaluate in detail when whole gut samples are used.
analyses based on pure ens tissue can more effectively reflect the ongoing changes during pathological processes.
here , we present an optimized approach for the isolation of pure myenteric plexus ( mp ) from adult mouse and human.
to do so , muscle tissue was individually digested with a purified collagenase.
after incubation and a gentle mechanical disruption step , mp networks could be collected with anatomical integrity.
in a pilot experiment , the influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on human mp was analyzed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
the method also allows investigation of factors that are secreted by myenteric tissue in vitro.
sense of control is an important self-regulatory resource that drives cognitive and physical health over the lifespan.
we aimed to examine trajectories of change and shed light on relationships among subjective beliefs and indicators of memory and functional health.
memory comprised a recall composite.
functional health tapped mobility and disability.
latent growth curve models incorporated informative covariates ( baseline age , gender , self-rated health , education , and chronic conditions ) .
knowledge of memory tasks was linked to a significant memory decline.
beliefs about memory , health , and lifestyle were interrelated.
declines in remembering and health were also coupled ; moreover , changes in both were coupled with change in lifestyle control beliefs.
findings point to a system of coupled changes in memory and health in late life that is related to underlying beliefs about control over lifestyle.
we present a novel kernel regression framework for smoothing scalar surface data using the laplace-beltrami eigenfunctions.
the new kernel method is mathematically equivalent to isotropic heat diffusion , kernel smoothing and recently popular diffusion wavelets.
the numerical implementation is validated on a unit sphere using spherical harmonics.
purpose : many men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer experience hot flashes.
we also examined demographic , clinical and genetic predictors of the impact of androgen deprivation therapy on hot flash interference.
participants provided blood samples and completed the hot flash related daily interference scale at baseline as well as @number@ and @number@ months later.
results : androgen deprivation therapy recipients reported increasing hot flash interference with time relative to controls ( p < 0.001 ) .
using microrna array screen , we found the expression levels of @number@ unique mirnas in hyperplasic tissues.
among them , mir-200c expression substantially was down-regulated.
under basal conditions , we found that mir-200c inhibited the expression of klf4 and the sumo-conjugating enzyme ubc9.
histone deacetylases ( hdacs ) catalyze the removal of acetyl-groups from lysine residues within nucelosomal histone tails and thousands of non-histone proteins.
the @number@ mammalian hdacs are grouped into four classes.
potential for pharmacological hdac inhibition as a means of treating age-related cardiac dysfunction is also discussed.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : cv aging.
felix platter hospital , university center for medicine of aging , basel , switzerland ; there is a strong association between cognition and mobility.
older adults with gait deficits have an increased risk of developing cognitive deficits , even dementia.
cognitive deficits , on the other hand , are associated with worsening gait.
cognitive as well as mobility deficits are associated with an increased fall risk.
assessments of cognition , particularly the executive functions , and functional mobility should therefore be an integral part of every comprehensive geriatric assessment.
some quick screening tests for mobility disorders can be performed in a clinical praxis.
if those assessments provide pathological results , then consider patient referral for an in-depth gait analysis.
early detection permits timely implementation of targeted interventions to improve gait and brain function.
background : educational attainment may be an important determinant of life expectancy.
demographic and cardiovascular risk information was collected and participants were followed for health outcomes.
educational attainment was categorized as less than high school education , high school graduate , some college , or college graduate.
proportional hazards analysis was used to characterize survival by level of education.
results : educational attainment and follow-up data were available on @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the participants.
over @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ participants died.
there was a monotonically increasing risk of death with lower levels of educational attainment.
the same monotonic relationship held with adjustments for age , race , sex , cardiovascular risk factors , and health behaviors.
the unadjusted hazard ratio for those without a high school education in comparison with college graduates was @number@ ( @percent@ ci = @number@.64-3.18 ) .
although adjustment for income , health behaviors , and cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the relationship , the same consistent pattern was observed after adjustment.
the relationship between educational attainment and longevity was similar for black and white participants.
the monotonic relationship between educational attainment and longevity was observed for all age groups , except for those aged @number@ years or more.
conclusions : educational attainment is a significant predictor of longevity.
other factors including age , race , income , health behaviors , and cardiovascular risk factors only partially explain the relationship.
aging researchers have long been interested in understanding individuals ' subjective perceptions of their own memory functioning.
three major patterns of associations emerged with respect to predictors of subjective memory and subjective memory change.
for example , women performed better than men on the episodic memory test , but there were no gender differences in subjective memory.
also , older age was associated with steeper declines of memory performance but with less decline of subjective memory.
second , personality traits that predicted subjective memory intercepts did not predict subjective memory slopes.
objective : white matter diffusivity measures of the fornix change with aging , which likely relates to changes in memory and cognition in older adults.
subregional variations in forniceal diffusivity may exist , given its heterogeneous anatomy and connectivity ; however , these have not been closely examined in vivo.
methods : diffusion-weighted imaging and streamline tractography of the fornix were performed on @number@ healthy , right-handed females ( 23-66 years ) .
regression analysis was performed comparing diffusivities against age.
hippocampal and ventricular volumes were also compared.
results : diffusivity values revealed statistical changes with age in both midline and lateralized subregions.
there was no significant change in hippocampal volumes , suggesting that forniceal changes may precede hippocampal age-related changes.
conclusions : age-related changes in fornix diffusivity measures appear subregion dependent and asymmetrical.
specific subregion diffusivity measures may be a more sensitive aging marker than hippocampal volume change.
methods : the upsa-m was developed for an ipad platform.
results : the upsa-m was feasible for use among middle aged and older adults with schizophrenia with no prior history of tablet usage.
conclusions : the upsa-m performed just as well as the standard-of-practice version.
overall , the upsa-m appears to be a promising mobile tool to assess functional capacity.
coping with stress is fundamental for mental health , but understanding of the molecular neurobiology of stress is still in its infancy.
adult neurogenesis is well known to be regulated by stress , and conversely adult neurogenesis regulates stress responses.
this review discusses the pathways that are involved in this crosstalk and thus regulate this complex relationship between adult neurogenesis and stress.
subjective memory complaints are often used as diagnostic criteria for several neurocognitive disorders.
the four articles adopt cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies and offer key insights into the nature , correlates , and developmental trajectories of subjective memory.
in our editorial , we put these findings in perspective and discuss implications for research and practice.
design : a prospective , masked , observational cross-sectional study.
methods : setting : this study was performed at the kagoshima university hospital , japan.
the total cross-sectional choroidal area , luminal area , and stromal area of the choroid were measured.
main outcome measures : correlations between clinical factors and each choroidal structure and ratio of luminal / stromal areas were determined.
the correlations of each choroidal structure and the age , sex , axial length ( al ) , and refractive errors were calculated.
background & aims : the requirement of leucine and essential amino acids ( eaa ) to stimulate muscle protein synthesis increases with age.
to target muscle anabolism it is suggested that higher postprandial blood levels of leucine and eaa are needed in older people.
postprandial serum aa profiles were evaluated in twelve healthy , older subjects who participated in a randomized , controlled , single blind , cross-over study.
gastrointestinal behaviour was studied in vitro by looking at gastric coagulation and cumulative intestinal protein digestion over time.
similar effects were observed for the peak concentrations of eaa and total aa ( taa ) .
in vitro gastric coagulation was observed only for the casein protein supplements.
these differences appear to be mediated in part by the gastrointestinal behaviour of these products.
clinical trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov : nct02013466.
these undesirable effects can be minimized with avoidance of the sun , tanning salons , and smoking.
the topical application of prescription and non-prescription agents ( cosmeceuticals ) can provide additional benefits.
this study is a retrospective cohort study using a large electronic medical records system to collect and analyze surgical case data.
the sample population included adult patients undergoing nonambulatory nonobstetric surgery in a single institution over a 1-year period.
analyses of postoperative pain trajectories were performed using a linear mixed-effects model.
pain score observations ( @number@ ) from @number@ patients were included in the statistical analysis.
pain scores significantly decreased over time in all age groups , with a slightly more rapid decrease for younger patients.
our data support the important role of time after surgery in considering the influence of biopsychosocial and clinical factors on acute postoperative pain.
omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are precursors of bioactive lipid mediators posited to modulate both physical pain and psychological distress.
main exposure was 4-year time intervals over @number@ decades of observation ; main outcome was mortality from liver disease , hiv , and overdose.
results : although the hiv-related mortality rate exceeded that from liver-related conditions before @number@ liver disease subsequently surpassed hiv as a cause of death.
among @number@ deaths , @number@ ( @percent@ ) occurred within @number@ weeks after release from prison.
of these , only @number@ were caused by accidental poisoning ( likely drug overdose ) .
cardiovascular disease and cancer were the most frequent causes of death in this aging cohort.
conclusions : our study design deemphasized immediate deaths but highlighted long-term sequelae of exposure to viral hepatitis and alcohol.
treating hepatitis c and implementing interventions to manage alcohol use disorders may improve survival among prisoners in the southeast.
belmont report principles focus on the well-being of the research subject , yet community-engaged investigators often eschew the role of subject for that of participant.
we conducted semistructured interviews with @number@ community and academic investigators working on @number@ community-engaged studies.
interviews elicited perspectives on ethical priorities and ethical challenges.
however , novel aspects of the participant role were the source of most ethical challenges.
the canonical function of tert is the synthesis of telomeric dna repeats and the maintenance of telomere length.
recent studies suggest that adeno-associated virus ( aav ) -expressed tert in adult mice can increase life span and health span.
due to safety concerns , transient expression of tert mrna may be preferred for tissue engineering and adoptive stem cell therapy.
benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for anxiety , although use of this class of medications has been associated with dependency and cognitive changes.
benzodiazepines were classified as short- , intermediate- , and long-acting.
associations were calculated between each class of benzodiazepine and eight neuropsychological measures , using multiple regression analysis and controlling for demographic variables.
results showed different effects of the co-variates across the three drug classes , and short half-life benzodiazepines were not associated with any neuropsychological measure.
intermediate half-life and long half-life benzodiazepine use were each associated with two measures.
increased focus on specific domains of cognitive function is needed to improve our understanding of how benzodiazepine use influences cognition.
even though ocular adverse effects are not very frequent , some of them can lead to permanent ocular dysfunction and visual impairment.
professionals involved in cosmetic procedures should be aware of the risks.
however , genome-wide information about p53-target gene regulation has been derived mostly from acute genotoxic conditions.
compared to the classical ' acute ' p53 binding profile , ' chronic ' p53 peaks were closely associated with cpg-islands.
furthermore , the chronic cpg-island binding of p53 conferred distinct expression patterns between senescent and pro-apoptotic conditions.
our data reveal distinct phenotype associations of chronic p53 targets that underlie specific gene regulatory mechanisms.
studies have reported that older females have impaired heat loss responses during work in the heat compared to young females.
however , it remains unclear at what level of heat stress these differences occur.
exercise bouts were separated by @number@ min of recovery.
in contrast , no differences in he or ∆hb were observed during recovery ( p > 0.05 ) .
background : patterns of crow's feet lines ( cfls ) vary among individuals.
objective : to characterize distribution and predictors of cfl patterns.
relationships between cfl pattern and severity , age , gender , and subject-reported outcomes were explored.
lower fan was more common in males.
subjects with full fan at maximum smile were most dissatisfied with their appearance and perceived themselves to look older versus other patterns.
conclusion : baseline cfl severity , age , and gender may predict fan pattern.
patterns may progress with age from central to lower fan or full fan.
pattern heterogeneity of cfls suggests that tailored treatment may be warranted.
background : the lung age equations developed by the japanese respiratory society encounter several problems when being applied in a clinical setting.
methods : the participants had undergone medical check-ups at the center for preventive medicine of st luke's international hospital between @number@ and @number@
a total of @number@ japanese participants ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) were chosen for the discovery cohort.
the other independent @number@ individuals were selected for the validation cohort.
the original method of morris and temple was applied to the discovery cohort.
we will explore the benefits of such a system in avoiding the development and progression of malignancies , and in avoiding tissue exhaustion and failure.
in this study , we aimed to provide further evidence for these dissociations by using transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) .
participants underwent anodal ( 30min , @number@ ma , lppc ) and sham tdcs.
after the stimulation , we recorded their neural activity using eeg while the participants solved small and large arithmetic problems.
we found that the tdcs effects on performance and oscillatory activity critically depended on the problem size.
while anodal tdcs improved response latencies in large arithmetic problems , it decreased solution rates in small arithmetic problems.
likewise , the lower-alpha desynchronization in large problems increased , whereas the theta synchronization in small problems decreased.
this study investigated whether haematological markers differ between young and masters marathon participants , running at similar performance levels.
nine young ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and eight masters ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) runners participated.
race performance was standardised using the world masters association age grading performance tables.
total ck levels were elevated for all participants at all time points post-race ( p < @number@ ) .
in conclusion , masters runners demonstrated sustained ck-mb elevation , which may suggest greater cardiac stress.
however , future studies using additional cardiac markers should be completed to confirm these findings.
through its actions as component of the activating protein-1 ( ap-1 ) transcription factor , jund potently represses cell proliferation.
here we report a novel function of jund in the regulation of microrna expression in intestinal epithelial cells ( iecs ) .
ectopically expressed jund specifically increased the expression of primary and mature forms of mir-29b , whereas jund silencing inhibited mir-29b expression.
jund also enhanced formation of the drosha microprocessor complex , thus further promoting mir-29b biogenesis.
in addition , mir-29b silencing prevented jund-induced repression of iec proliferation.
objective : we sought to develop risk scores for the progression from cognitively normal ( cn ) to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
using baseline demographic and clinical variables in proportional hazards models , we derived scores that predicted the risk of progressing from cn to mci.
we evaluated the ability of these risk scores to classify participants for mci risk.
results : of @number@ cn participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed mci.
adding apoe ε4 carrier status improved the model ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : we have developed mci risk scores using variables easily assessable in the clinical setting and that may be useful in routine patient care.
because of variability among populations , validation in independent samples is required.
these models may be useful in identifying patients who might benefit from more expensive or invasive diagnostic testing , and can inform clinical trial design.
inclusion of biomarkers or other risk factors may further enhance the models.
methods : the lm immediate ( lm-i ) and lm delay ( lm-d ) free recall correct responses and related and unrelated errors were scored.
principal components analysis yielded a 3-factor solution : lm-i and lm-d correct responses , lm-i and lm-d-unrelated errors , and lm-i / -d-related errors.
results : increasing thv ( suggesting greater regional atrophy ) was associated with lower scores on the lm-correct responses factor.
extensive wmhiv was associated with higher scores on the lm-related errors factor.
conclusion : these results suggest that lm-correct responses could relate to emerging brain alterations.
longitudinal research might enhance the sensitivity of this test to identify preclinical impairment and persons at risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
dementia threatens the capacity to engage in activity , suggesting meaningful activity may be helpful for persons with dementia ( pwds ) .
this study explores the concept of meaningful activity , as defined by caregivers of pwds.
the themes are analyzed in terms of content , frequency , co-occurrence , and dementia severity.
caregivers emphasize the benefits of social connectedness , physical health , and mental stimulation.
activity is also viewed as respite , difficult , and has no meaning for care recipient.
the implications of activity for self- and social-identity in pwd and caregiver are discussed.
the benefits of activity varied by stage of disease.
this knowledge indicates areas for improved activity provision and health care support.
rationale : currently there is no consensus on protein requirements for obese older adults during weight loss.
here we explore the potential use of a new method for assessment of protein requirements based on changes in appendicular muscle mass during weight loss.
methods : @number@ obese older adults were subjected to @number@ wk weight loss program , including hypocaloric diet and resistance training.
for @number@ g / kg ffm this was @percent@ vs @percent@ ( p = @number@ ) .
trial registration : dutch trial register under number ntr2751.
in addition , in population-based studies , cannabinoids reduced dementia-related symptoms ( e.g. , behavioral disturbances ) .
the current article provides an overview of the potential of cannabinoids in the treatment of load and related neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people.
we also discuss the efficacy , safety , and pharmacokinetics of cannabinoid-based drugs in older people with dementia.
methods : this retrospective study included @number@ patients undergoing a fresh cycle of oocyte retrieval and day-3 embryo transfer.
based on the results of this study , maternal age is a critical factor for embryonic early-cleavage in agonist protocol but not in antagonist protocol.
however , embryo quality and pregnancy rate was not significantly different between early and late cleavage embryos in the gnrh antagonist group.
we also conclude that early cleavage of the zygote is not a reliable predictor for pregnancy potential using the gnrh antagonist protocol.
prostate cancer ( pca ) patients receiving the androgen ablation therapy ultimately develop recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) within 1-3 years.
cape treatment also inhibited soft agar colony formation and retarded nude mice xenograft growth of lncap 104-r1 cells.
cape treatment decreased skp2 and akt1 protein expression in lncap 104-r1 tumors as compared to control group.
overexpression of skp2 , or sirna knockdown of p21cip1 , p27kip1 , or p53 blocked suppressive effect of cape treatment.
co-treatment of cape with pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or bcl-2 inhibitor abt737 showed synergistic suppressive effects.
the frequency of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is increasing in sub-saharan africa , particularly as a consequence of population aging and the high prevalence of hypertension.
the aim of this descriptive study was to determine the cost of management of this disease in the cardiology department at university hospital of brazzaville.
the study included @number@ patients aged @number@ ± @number@ years ( range : @number@ to @number@ years ) .
among them , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were unemployed , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had no health insurance.
their average monthly salary was @number@ ± @number@ € ( range : @number@ to @number@ € ) .
the mean total cost of care was @number@ ± @number@ € ( range : @number@ to @number@ € ) .
but the overall cost of care was substantially higher than the patients ' mean salary ( p < 0.0001 ) .
this study illustrates the increasing healthcare costs related to the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in sub-saharan africa.
there is extensive literature on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of ginseng.
it has been shown to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation activity , and to reverse the effects of aging.
in this review , evidence of resveratrol's anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms are recapitulated.
altogether , the present findings suggest the anti-tumor potential of resveratrol against various types of cancers.
age has a clear impact on one's ability to make accurate goal-directed aiming movements.
older adults seem to plan slower and shorter-ranged initial pulses towards the target , and rely more on sensory feedback to ensure endpoint accuracy.
despite the fact that these age-related changes in manual aiming have been observed consistently , the underlying mechanism remains speculative.
results showed that older adults were physically able to produce fast primary submovements and that they demonstrated similar movement-programming capacities as young adults.
on the other hand , considerable evidence was found supporting a decreased visual feedback-processing efficiency and the implementation of a play-it-safe strategy in older age.
in conclusion , a combination of the latter two factors seems to underlie the age-related changes in manual aiming behaviour.
design : osteoporotic fractures were determined from medical records over 5-9 y of follow-up in men and women aged 66-96 y.
plasma phospholipid fatty acids were assessed by using gas chromatography.
fish-oil consumption was assessed by using validated questionnaires as never ( referent ) , less than daily , or daily.
daily fish-oil consumption in late life was associated with lower fracture risk in men ( hr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
daily fish-oil consumption in midlife was associated with lower fracture risk in women ( hr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : greater pufa concentrations may be associated with lower osteoporotic fracture risk in older adults , particularly in men.
critical time periods for n-3 fatty acid consumption may differ by sex.
this places a large burden on countries ' health and long-term care systems.
many behavioral changes and public policy responses to aging of the population have been implemented to cope with these challenges.
this approach reduces institutional care while supporting home- or community-based care and other services.
bioactive natural compounds from plant-derived sources have received substantial interest due to their potential therapeutic and preventive effects toward various human diseases.
dehydroglyasperin c ( dgc ) is a major isoflavone found in the root of licorice.
tpa-induced phosphorylation of p38 , jnk1 / 2 and akt was also suppressed by dgc.
kinase assay data revealed that dgc inhibited the kinase activity of mkk4 and pi3k and this outcome was due to direct physical binding with dgc.
notably , dgc bound directly to mkk4 and pi3k in an atp-competitive manner.
in this paper , i will argue that there is a deep connection between home-based care , technology , and the self.
protein glycosylation is the most common epiproteomic modification involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.
this model explains @percent@ of the variation in age , with a prediction error of @number@ years.
withania somnifera is one of the most valued plants and is extensively used in indian , unani , and african systems of traditional medicine.
the present review highlights some of the current developments and future prospects of biotechnological intervention in this important medicinal plant.
objectives : both physical functioning and cognitive abilities are important for well-being , not least in old age.
grip strength is often considered an indicator of general vitality and , as such , may predict cognitive functioning.
few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between grip strength and cognition , especially where specific cognitive abilities have been targeted.
we used a longitudinal follow-up of @number@ waves during @number@ years.
results : results supported a longitudinal influence of grip strength on changes in cognitive function.
grip strength performance was associated with change in the @number@ cognitive abilities after age @number@ years.
discussion : a rather stable connection was found between grip strength and cognitive abilities starting around @number@ years of age.
the starting period suggests that the association may be due to lifestyle changes , such as retirement , or to acceleration of the aging processes.
non-native protein conformers generated by mutation or chemical damage template aggregation of wild-type , undamaged polypeptides in diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to cancer.
we tested for such interactions in the natively monomeric human eye lens protein γd-crystallin , whose aggregation leads to cataract disease.
the oxidation-mimicking w42q mutant of γd-crystallin formed non-native polymers starting from a native-like state under physiological conditions.
aggregation occurred in the temperature range 35-45 °c , in which the mutant protein began to lose the native conformation of its n-terminal domain.
surprisingly , wild-type γd-crystallin promoted w42q polymerization in a catalytic manner , even at mutant concentrations too low for homogeneous nucleation to occur.
the presence of wild-type protein also downshifted the temperature range of w42q aggregation.
w42q aggregation required formation of a non-native intramolecular disulfide bond but not intermolecular cross-linking.
transient wt / w42q binding may catalyze this oxidative misfolding event in the mutant.
gaussian noise simultaneous maskers yield higher masked thresholds for pure tones than low-fluctuation noise simultaneous maskers for listeners with normal hearing.
higher masked thresholds were obtained for forward maskers with greater inherent envelope fluctuations for younger adults with normal hearing.
this increased effectiveness of highly fluctuating forward maskers was similar for older adults with normal and impaired hearing.
the risk of chronic diseases increases with age which may result in an increased need for pharmacological treatment : polypharmacy.
background and purpose : essential tremor ( et ) is amongst the most commonly encountered neurological disorders.
its hallmark feature is kinetic tremor.
however , other tremors may also occur in et patients , creating considerable diagnostic confusion amongst treating physicians.
hence , characterizing the prevalence and clinical accompaniments of these other tremors is of value.
rest tremor was evaluated in several positions ( seated , standing , lying down ) .
rest tremor was restricted to the arms and was not observed in the legs.
conclusions : rest tremor can be a common clinical feature of et.
its prevalence is highly dependent on the setting in which patients are evaluated , ranging from as low as @percent@ to nearly @percent@.
rest tremor seems to emerge as a clinical feature with advancing disease.
the anatomical substrates for this type of tremor remain unknown at present.
recently , studies using genetically modified mice have shown that the in vivo expression profile of the epo gene changes dramatically during development.
the first epo-producing cells emerge in the neural crest and neuroepithelium of mid-stage embryos and support primitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac.
subsequently , epo from the hepatocytes stimulates erythropoiesis in the fetal liver of later stage embryos in a paracrine manner.
in fact , erythroid lineage cells comprise the largest cell population in the fetal liver , and hepatocytes are distributed among the erythroid cell clusters.
adult erythropoiesis in the bone marrow requires epo that is secreted by renal epo-producing cells ( rep cells ) .
rep cells are widely distributed in the renal cortex and outer medulla.
all life forms are under constant assault , resulting in an accumulation of damage within each individual , in both somatic and germline cells.
collectively , these phenomena constitute aging and / or certain disease states.
nature has developed numerous mechanisms to counteract these problems , such as proofreading enzymes , ubiquitous antioxidants and apoptotic death of unfit cells.
however , none of these is completely effective.
nevertheless , germline dna appears to remain sufficiently pristine to maintain fairly stable phenotypes over many generations.
how do species avoid accumulating damage when composed of individuals that do ?
another major force appears to be evolutionary pressure ; individuals that best fit the environment out-reproduce those that fit less well.
to conclude , it appears that species do not age , even though they are composed of individuals whose somatic and germline cells have aged.
for tests that measured attention , reaction time during rvp and crt was slower ( p ≤ @number@ ) in the older group.
during heat stress , rvp reaction time improved ( p < @number@ ) in both groups.
heat stress had no effect ( p ≥ @number@ ) on rvp or crt accuracy in either group.
reaction time generally improved during heat stress , but there was no effect of heat stress on accuracy in either group.
these data indicate that moderate increases in body temperature during passive heat stress do not differentially compromise cognitive function in younger and older adults.
artificial intelligence ( ia ) is the subject of much research , but also many fantasies.
it aims to reproduce human intelligence in its learning capacity , knowledge storage and computation.
the first representations of knowledge in the ai's domain are largely based on model tests of semantic memory.
this one , as a component of long-term memory is the memory of words , ideas , concepts.
it is the only declarative memory system that resists so remarkably to the effects of age.
some dementias , like semantic dementia and alzheimer's disease , are linked to alteration of semantic memory.
prospective memory is a complex cognitive function requiring to remember a planned action.
for example , this function is particularly important for elderly people to remember taking medication at the appropriate time.
in the past decade , a significant improvement has been done in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension , a devastating disease.
background / purpose : perceived age may be a better predictor of mortality rate than chronological age.
we have demonstrated that perceived age was a significant biomarker for carotid atherosclerosis in japanese.
however , it remains to be determined which skin parameter is associated with atherosclerosis.
methods : facial photographs were taken under a shadowless lamp from three directions using a high-resolution digital camera.
carotid intima-media thickness ( imt ) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( bapwv ) were measured as indices for atherosclerosis.
stepwise regression analysis indicated that facial pigmentation was associated with carotid imt via visceral fat area.
conclusion : facial pigmentation may be a useful biomarker for carotid atherosclerosis in japanese women.
subjects performed a @number@ × 10rm leg press exercise protocol before and after @number@ weeks of hypertrophic resistance training.
endocrine responses in om were similar before and after training.
these findings suggest that , in general , ym demonstrate greater adaptability within the endocrine system compared with om.
however , adaptability in growth hormone response was associated with larger training-induced gains independent of age.
introduction : subjective memory complaints are common with aging.
past research demonstrates a positive association between dha plasma status / dietary intake and cognitive function.
a secondary objective was to systematically review / summarize the related observational epidemiologic literature.
studies of subjects free of neurologic disease at baseline , with or without mild memory complaints ( mmc ) , were included.
a priori sub-group analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of age at enrollment , dose level , and memory type tested.
results : episodic memory outcomes of adults with mmc were significantly ( p < .004 ) improved with dha / epa supplementation.
regardless of cognitive status at baseline , > @number@ g / day dha / epa improved episodic memory ( p < .04 ) .
semantic and working memory changes from baseline were significant with dha but no between group differences were detected.
observational studies support a beneficial association between intake / blood levels of dha / epa and memory function in older adults.
conclusion : dha , alone or combined with epa , contributes to improved memory function in older adults with mild memory complaints.
down syndrome ( ds ) is one of the most common aneuploidy.
in general population , its prevalence is 1 : 600-1 : 800 live births.
it is caused by a trisomy of chromosome @number@
ds is phenotypically manifested by premature aging , upward slant to the eyes , epicanthus , flattened face , and poor muscle tone.
since ds symptoms include premature aging , the shortening of telomeres might be one of the markers of cellular aging.
debridement is an important process to decrease risk of infection and promote healing.
negative pressure wound therapy ( npwt ) has also been used successfully for the treatment of wounds.
two groups were established comparing those who received npwt alone to those who received npwt plus cco.
the study sample included @number@ patients treated with npwt + cco and @number@ patients who received only npwt.
aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction.
controlling the rate of aging by clarifying the complex pathways has a significant clinical importance.
nowadays , sirtuins have become famous molecules for slowing aging and decreasing age-related disorders.
the oldest people carrying ag genotypes for rs7895833 have the highest sirt1 level suggesting an association between rs7895833 snp and lifespan longevity.
the enos protein level was significantly decreased in older people as compared to adults.
there was no significant difference in the enos level between older people and children.
it is also the first study presenting the association between sirt1 expression in older people and rs7895833 in sirt1 gene.
maintaining the correct folding of cellular proteins is essential for preserving cellular homeostasis.
protein dishomeostasis , aberrant protein folding , and protein aggregation are indeed involved in several diseases including cancer , aging-associated , and neurodegenerative disorders.
accumulation of protein aggregates can also be induced from a variety of stressful conditions , such as temperature increase or oxidative stress.
objective : the number of older adults with alcohol use disorder ( aud ) is expected to significantly increase in the coming years.
both aging and aud have been associated with compromised white matter microstructure , although the extent of combined aud and aging effects is unclear.
this study investigated interactions between aging and aud in cerebral white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) .
regions of interests were identified on tract-based spatial statistics images.
results : significant age × aud interactions were found across several prefrontal white matter regions ( r ( @number@ ) δ = 5%-9% ) .
this pattern remained after adjusting for lifetime history of drinking and recent drinking.
lifetime alcohol consumption negatively correlated with frontal white matter integrity in the aud group ( rs = @number@ - @number@ ) .
these reductions in frontal white matter integrity may contribute to reductions in processing speed.
rationale : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is often associated with age-related systemic abnormalities that adversely affect the prognosis.
whether these manifestations are linked to the lung alterations or are independent complications of smoking remains unclear.
methods : cross-sectional study in @number@ individuals ( @number@ with copd , @number@ smokers without copd , and @number@ nonsmokers without copd ) .
insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) and glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) were similar between control smokers and copd patients.
smokers did not differ from nonsmokers for any of these parameters.
however , smokers with normal spirometry but low kco had lower asmmi values compared to those with normal kco.
moreover , female smokers with low kco , had lower bmd and shorter tl compared to those with normal kco.
conclusions : aging-related abnormalities in patients with copd are also found in smokers with minor lung dysfunction manifesting as a kco decrease.
decreased kco might be useful , particularly among women , for identifying smokers at high risk for aging-related systemic manifestations and telomere shortening.
objective : the study aims to explore the patterns and changes of active and passive smoking in the elderly population.
results : a total of @number@ participants in @number@ and @number@ participants in @number@ completed the survey.
the main source of secondhand smoke switched from a spouse in @number@ to offspring in @number@
this trend was observed in both sexes.
conclusion : offspring became the main source of secondhand smoke for the elderly.
our findings demonstrated the importance of implementing smoking prevention programs , to educate older adults who live with a smoking spouse and / or offspring.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have uncovered numerous genetic variants ( snps ) that are associated with blood pressure ( bp ) .
we identified @number@ genes that were differentially expressed in relation to bp ( bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05 ) .
among these genes , fos and ptgs2 have been previously reported to be involved in bp-related processes ; the others are novel.
the top bp signature genes in aggregate explain 5%-9% of inter-individual variance in bp.
gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the bp-related global gene expression changes include genes involved in inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways.
our study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying bp regulation , and suggests novel transcriptomic markers for the treatment and prevention of hypertension.
the cerebellum plays important roles in motor coordination and learning.
however , motor learning has not been quantitatively evaluated clinically.
it thus remains unclear how motor learning is influenced by cerebellar diseases or aging , and is related with incoordination.
here , we present a new application for testing human cerebellum-dependent motor learning using prism adaptation.
in our paradigm , the participant wearing prism-equipped goggles touches their index finger to the target presented on a touchscreen in every trial.
we suggest that our paradigm of prism adaptation may allow us to quantitatively assess cerebellar motor learning in both normal and diseased conditions.
we hypothesize that oxygen users in the current era may be very different.
we examined trends and subject characteristics associated with oxygen therapy use from 2001-2010 in the united states.
methods : we examined medicare beneficiaries with copd who received oxygen from @number@ to @number@
primary outcome measures were factors associated with oxygen therapy and sustained oxygen therapy over the study period.
results : oxygen therapy increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p-value of trend < 0.001 ) .
sustained oxygen therapy use increased from @percent@ in @number@ peaked in @number@ to @percent@ and declined to @percent@ in @number@
the majority of subjects receiving oxygen therapy and sustained oxygen therapy were female.
besides gender , factors associated with any oxygen use or sustained oxygen therapy were non-hispanic white race , low socioeconomic status and ≥2 comorbidities.
conclusions : any oxygen use among fee-for service medicare beneficiaries with copd is high.
current users of oxygen are older females with multiple comorbidities.
decline in sustained oxygen therapy use after @date@ be related to reimbursement policy change.
objective : key components in the assessment of a child in the emergency department ( ed ) are their heart and respiratory rates.
in order to interpret these signs , practitioners must know what is normal for a particular age.
design : a retrospective cross-sectional study.
setting : the ed of the children's hospital at westmead , australia.
patients : afebrile , triage category @number@ ( low priority ) patients aged 0-15 years attending the ed.
interventions : centiles were developed using quantile regression analysis , with cubic b-splines to model the centiles.
main outcome measures : centile charts were compared with previous studies by concurrently plotting the estimates.
conclusions : clinicians should consider adopting these centiles when assessing acutely unwell children.
apls should review their normal values for respiratory rate in infants and teenagers.
dietary tfa was estimated among @number@ adults free of prevalent dm when dietary questionnaires were initially administered in @number@ or @number@
incident dm was defined through @number@ by medication use or blood glucose levels.
risks were assessed by cox proportional hazards.
results : in biomarker analyses , @number@ dm cases occurred during @number@ person-years.
in dietary analyses , @number@ dm cases occurred during @number@ person-years.
estimated dietary tfa was not significantly associated with dm.
these findings highlight the need for further observational , interventional , and experimental studies of the effects tfa on dm.
all subjects were assessed before and after the program on target variables related to the above domains of functioning.
significant changes in most of the examined variables documented the positive effects of the program.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) has been shown to be important for neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in nonhuman animals.
however , there have been mixed results regarding associations between either circulating bdnf or the bdnf val66met polymorphism with hippocampal volume and memory in humans.
sample sizes ranged from @number@ to @number@
there were no significant differences between bdnf met + and met- groups on either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort.
in addition , plasma bdnf was not significantly associated with either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort.
neither age , cognitive status , nor gender moderated any of the relationships.
inflammation in the aging brain increases risk for neurodegenerative disease.
in humans , the regulator of g-protein signaling-10 ( rgs10 ) locus has been associated with age-related maculopathy.
elevated oxidative stress levels may be one mechanism contributing to poor health outcomes.
financial strain and oxidative stress are each predictors of morbidity and mortality , but little research has investigated their relationship.
community-dwelling older adults ( n = @number@ ) from the women's health and aging studies i and ii were included in this cross-sectional analysis.
oxidative stress was measured using serum protein carbonyl concentrations.
linear regression was used to quantify the relationship between financial strain and oxidative stress.
high financial strain may be associated with increased oxidative stress , suggesting that oxidative stress could mediate associations between financial strain and poor health.
dually enrolled medicare-medicaid older adults are a vulnerable population.
this secondary analysis included @number@ black ( @percent@ ) and white ( @percent@ ) older medicare-medicaid enrollees.
using path analysis , we determined that race , neighborhood poverty , education , and income did not influence physical function or emotional well-being.
to achieve this , increased interventions will be required for a large number of sites and species.
these are arguably the most irreplaceable category of important biodiversity conservation sites.
protected area coverage of aze sites is a key indicator of progress towards target @number@ [ @number@ ] .
however , averting human-induced species extinctions within aze sites requires enhanced planning tools to increase the chances of success [ @number@ ] .
design : population-based cohort study.
participants : participants were @number@ community-dwelling men aged @number@ and older , followed for up to @number@ years.
measurements : participants completed an extensive questionnaire covering functional activities and illnesses.
frailty was assessed using the frail scale and a 32-item frailty index.
results : nonresponders at wave @number@ were more likely to have been frail at wave @number@
imputed estimates of frailty prevalence were @percent@ to @percent@ higher than those derived from the observed data.
conclusion : epidemiological surveys may substantially underestimate the levels of frailty among older people in the general population.
this selective nonresponse results in an overoptimistic view of aging populations , particularly for the very old.
objectives : several studies have highlighted a link between vascular alterations and cognitive decline.
those with a decrease in mmse of @number@ or more points between bl and 2y-fu were considered as \ "decliners. \ "
the cfpwv and ppa at baseline were assessed with an arterial tonometer.
logistic multivariate analysis also revealed that high cfpwv , low ppa , high hr , and low adls were all determinants of mmse decline.
these findings highlight the contribution of vascular determinants in cognitive decline even in this very old population.
purpose : we measured scleral thickness in eyes of chinese , and assessed interregional differences and associations with age and axial length.
the ratio of posterior scleral thickness to scleral thickness in the pars plana region decreased significantly with increasing axial length.
scleral thickness measurements were not significantly ( all p > @number@ ) associated with adult glaucoma.
the crier represented the novel integration of cognitive test performance and depression self-report information.
the sample included @number@ patients without dementia who could be identified as having demonstrated either valid or invalid responding , based on standardized criteria.
methods : a cross-sectional study was performed on @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ years in health checkup centers between @date@ and @date@ .
the 29-item menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire was used to assess vasomotor , psychosocial , physical , and sexual symptoms related to menopause.
the guidelines for the classification of reproductive aging stages proposed at the stages of reproductive aging workshop were used.
multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with severity of menopause symptoms.
results : among participants , @percent@ were premenopausal , @percent@ were perimenopausal , and @percent@ were postmenopausal.
although physical symptoms were the most severe menopause symptoms experienced by premenopausal and perimenopausal women , postmenopausal women reported sexual symptoms as the most bothersome.
the mean scores for each domain increased from the premenopausal period through the postmenopausal period ( p for trend < @number@ ) .
physically active women had fewer severe physical symptoms related to menopause than inactive women.
conclusions : postmenopausal women experience the most severe symptoms.
obesity and physical activity are the main modifiable factors associated with symptom severity.
further studies are needed to examine the effects of physical activity promotion and weight control interventions on preventing menopause symptoms in korean women.
objective : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a heterogeneous disorder with complex underlying neuropathology that is still not completely understood.
in addition , we explored the relationship between the identified cognitive subtypes , and their demographical and neurobiological characteristics.
methods : we performed lca based on neuropsychological test results of @number@ consecutive probable patients with ad dementia using mini-mental state examination as the covariate.
results : lca revealed eight clusters characterised by distinct cognitive profile and disease severity.
memory-impaired clusters-mild-memory ( mild-mem ) and moderate-memory ( mod-mem ) -included @percent@ of patients.
memory-spared clusters ( mild-vila ) , mild-executive ( mild-exe ) and moderate-visuospatial ( mod-visp ) -included @percent@ of patients.
memory-indifferent clusters mild-diffuse ( mild-diff ) , moderate-language ( mod-lan ) and severe-diffuse ( sev-diff ) -included @percent@ of patients.
cognitive clusters were associated with distinct demographical and neurobiological characteristics.
in particular , the memory-spared mod-visp cluster was associated with younger age , apoe e4 negative genotype and prominent atrophy of the posterior cortex.
conclusions : using lca , we identified eight distinct cognitive subtypes in a large sample of patients with ad dementia.
cognitive clusters were associated with distinct demographical and neurobiological characteristics.
immunosenescence refers to age-associated changes in the immune system , which may be associated with susceptibility to infections and their clinical complications.
the precise effects of aging on dcs in immunity to infections are not well understood.
for this purpose , dcs were generated with the use of peripheral blood monocytes from healthy young and aged subjects.
results : the phagocytosis of c. albicans is developed by dcs in tlr2- and tlr4-dependent way.
this mechanism is not affected by aging.
however , among these older populations , little is known about what factors influence their ehealth literacy and use of web @number@ for health information.
an independent samples t test compared ehealth literacy among users and non-users of web @number@ for health information.
conclusions : being younger and possessing more education was associated with greater ehealth literacy among baby boomers and older adults.
females and those highly educated , particularly at the post graduate level , reported greater use of web @number@ for health information.
articular cartilage is a unique biphasic material that supports a lifetime of compressive and shear forces across joints.
when articular cartilage deteriorates , whether due to injury , wear and tear or normal aging , osteoarthritis and resultant pain can ensue.
understanding the basic science of the structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage can help clinicians guide their patients to appropriate activity and loading choices.
women are living longer with hiv infection , but their life expectancy remains shorter than for women in the general population.
how best to manage the multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy that are common in individuals wtih hiv has not been studied.
this article explores areas where the primary care of women with hiv may differ from that of aging women in the general population.
we also discuss aspects of care that may not commonly be considered in those under the age of @number@ specifically multimorbidity and polypharmacy.
background : the american heart association recently defined cardiovascular health ( cvh ) to monitor it over time for all americans.
nationally representative prevalence estimates for children under @number@ years according to sex and race / ethnicity have not been reported.
methods and results : the study sample comprised @number@ children aged @number@ to @number@ years from @number@ to @number@ national health and nutrition examination surveys.
no children had ideal levels for either zero or all @number@ metrics.
ideal bmi was less frequent at ages @number@ to @number@ years than at ages @number@ to @number@ years ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
approximately @percent@ of children had intermediate or poor total cholesterol levels.
the dietary intake of diet score components was associated with bmi , which was associated with blood pressure and total cholesterol.
conclusions : ideal cvh status for bmi , total cholesterol , and blood pressure was prevalent in young children , whereas ideal diet was rare.
diet and bmi were important components to achieve ideal cvh metrics in children.
his lumbar spine radiography revealed enlargement and sclerosis of the spinous processes which was confirmed by computed tomography , suggesting baastrup's disease.
this condition is characterized by enlargement , close approximation and impingement of one spinous process on another ( \ "kissing spines \ " ) .
there are few studies on baastrup´s disease epidemiology and their results are inconsistent.
patients often complain of back pain , typically increased with extension and relieved by flexion.
radiographically , spinous process impingement leads to reactive sclerosis , enlargement , flattening , and remodeling of the involved vertebral spines.
physicians frequently miss it on radiographs due to lack of knowledge and overexposure of spinous processes in most x rays.
both conservative and surgical options are available for treatment.
iga nephropathy ( igan ) represents the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide with a prevalence of 25-50% among patients with primary glomerulopathies.
in ~5-10% of the patients the disease segregates with an autosomal dominant ( ad ) pattern.
we have studied a large sicilian family where igan segregates with an ad transmission.
to identify the causal gene , the exomes of two affected and one unaffected individual have been sequenced.
from the bioinformatics analysis a p. ( arg119trp ) variant in the spry2 gene was identified as the probable disease-causing mutation.
moreover , functional characterization of this variant showed that it is responsible for the inhibition of the mapk / erk1 / 2 pathway.
the number of male patients was still more than that of female patients , but more old aging patients were found.
the ascetic type and splenomegaly type of advanced schistosomiasis patients were the most.
the brain contains all that makes us human , but its complexity is the source of both inspiration and frailty.
aging population is increasingly in need of effective care and therapies for brain diseases , including stroke , parkinson's disease and alzheimer's disease.
neurotechnology is the emerging field that brings together the development of technologies to study the brain and devices that improve and repair brain function.
oxidative modifications in proteins have been traditionally considered as hallmarks of damage by oxidative stress and aging.
among the reversible modifications , the most relevant ones are those arising from cysteine oxidation.
this review is aimed at researchers interested on the biological consequences of oxidative stress , both at the level of signaling and toxicity.
here we are providing a concise overview on current mass-spectrometry-based methodologies to detect reversible cysteine oxidation and irreversible protein carbonyl formation in proteomes.
method : the study included a convenience sample of @number@ dyads of respondents.
the results and implications for further research and practice are discussed.
background and purpose : the measurement of cortical shrinkage is a candidate marker of disease progression in alzheimer's.
this study evaluated the performance of two pipelines : civet-clasp ( @date@ @number@ ) and freesurfer ( @date@ @number@ ) .
the vertex-by-vertex cross-algorithm comparison was made possible applying the 3d gradient vector flow ( gvf ) and closest point search ( cps ) techniques.
results : the cortical thickness measured with freesurfer was systematically lower by one third if compared to civet's.
cross-sectionally , freesurfer's effect size was significantly different in the posterior division of the temporal fusiform cortex.
both pipelines were weakly or mildly correlated with the mini mental state examination score ( mmse ) and the hippocampal volumetry.
civet differed significantly from freesurfer in large frontal , parietal , temporal and occipital regions ( p < 0.05 ) .
longitudinally , effect sizes were not significantly different in any of the @number@ rois tested.
both pipelines weakly correlated with mmse decay , showing no significant differences.
in a discriminant analysis with rois having effect size larger than @number@ both pipelines yielded no significant differences in the auc.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a complex multifactorial disorder with poorly characterized pathogenesis.
our results additionally implicate p53 and loss of acetylation homeostasis in the neurodegenerative process.
existing data on the association between being overweight and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk in adults are inconsistent.
we prospectively and longitudinally investigated the effects of weight on arterial stiffness and plasma metabolites in middle-aged subjects ( aged 40-55 years ) .
changes in metabolites by uplc-ltq-orbitrap mass spectrometry and changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( ba-pwv ) were examined.
our results indicate that the duration of overweight is an important aggravating factor for arterial stiffness , especially during middle age.
estimating the age of a human from the captured images of his / her face is a challenging problem.
in general , the existing approaches to this problem use appearance features only.
in this paper , we show that in addition to appearance information , facial dynamics can be leveraged in age estimation.
we propose a method to extract and use dynamic features for age estimation , using a person's smile.
our approach is tested on a large , gender-balanced database with @number@ subjects , with an age range between @number@ and @number@
state-of-the-art appearance-based age estimation methods from the literature are implemented as baseline.
we demonstrate that for each of these methods , the addition of the proposed dynamic features results in statistically significant improvement.
we further propose a novel hierarchical age estimation architecture based on adaptive age grouping.
we test our approach extensively , including an exploration of spontaneous versus posed smile dynamics , and gender-specific age estimation.
it also plays an important role in development and adult tissue homeostasis of different tissues , especially the central nervous system.
these distinct roles that sox2 plays involve delicate regulatory networks consisting of other master transcription factors , micrornas and signaling pathways.
additionally , the expression level of sox2 can also be modulated transcriptionally , translationally or post-translationally.
method : semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen teenagers.
post-viewing their photoaged facial image many teenagers reiterated their intentions to adopt ( when they remembered ) skin-protective measures.
however , photoaged photography did not alter other teenagers ' intention to tan.
new knowledge : teenagers who choose to continue to tan were aware of the long-term health risks associated with ultra-violet over-exposure.
however , their desire remained strong to emulate the media promoted image of bronzed youth being popular individuals.
indeed , the social benefits of being considered attractive to their peers became an attitudinal barrier to the teenagers ' adoption of skin-protective behaviours.
the diagnosis is complex and requires the integration of information obtained by clinical , laboratory testing , imaging and muscle biopsy.
they may be associated with endocrine disorders , including hypothyroidism , diabetes mellitus , hyperinsulinemia and growth hormone ( gh ) deficiency.
case report : we describe a case of five years old male with polymalformative syndrome with a systemic involvement.
at @number@ months of age , he was sent to metabolic consultation because of facial dysmorphy and short stature.
currently , the boy is under gh therapy with growth in the 5th percentile and coenzime q10.
discussion : mitochondrial biology is one of the fastest growing areas in genetics and medicine.
in mitochondrial disorders , short stature is a common symptom , but its underlying lesion , growth hormone deficiency , is rarely investigated.
importance : use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer.
participants were all of european descent.
exposures : genome-wide snp data and information on regular use of aspirin and / or nsaids and other risk factors.
main outcomes and measures : colorectal cancer.
validation of these findings in additional populations may facilitate targeted colorectal cancer prevention strategies.
higher levels of well-being are associated with longer life expectancies and better physical health.
previous studies suggest that processes involving the self and autobiographical memory are related to well-being , yet these relationships are poorly understood.
results showed that valence of semantic self-images , but not episodic autobiographical memories , was highly correlated with well-being , particularly in older adults.
in contrast , well-being in older adults was unrelated to performance across a range of standardised memory tasks.
these results highlight the role of semantic self-images in well-being , and have implications for the development of therapeutic interventions for well-being in aging.
the total intracranial volume and c3 vertebra dimensions showed the highest correlations with cord measures.
when used in multi-regression models , they reduced cord areas group variability by approximately a third.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : san antonio , texas , neighborhoods.
participants completed a mean of @number@ follow-up intervals , for @number@ total follow-up years.
in subanalyses stratified for selected covariates , δwc point estimates were consistently higher in ds users.
background : dyslipidemia is an important global health problem , particularly in the elderly population.
traditionally , the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in elderly people is considered a \ "natural condition. \ "
notably , subclinical hypothyroidism ( sch ) is one of the most important risk factors for dyslipidemia.
few studies have assessed whether sch plays a role in the increase in age-related dyslipidemia.
this study aimed to explore the association between sch and lipid profiles in different age groups.
methods : this was a large-scale , population-based , case-control study.
the population was derived from the reaction study conducted across china.
a total of @number@ individuals ( @number@ cases and @number@ controls ) aged @number@ years or older were enrolled in the final analyses.
the relationships between sch and serum lipid parameters in each age group were evaluated after adjustment for thyroid hormones and common confounding factors.
similarly , with each @number@ miu / l increase in tsh , the ldl-c level tended to show gradually greater increases as age increased.
conclusions : tsh exhibited a stronger effect on the tc and ldl-c level in moderately old subjects than in younger subjects.
sch might augment and worsen the effects of aging on serum lipid profiles.
recent studies suggest that cdc42 is a potent tumor suppressor in different tissues and is related to aging processes.
although dna damage is crucial in aging , a potential role for cdc42 in genotoxic stress remains to be explored.
our results show that cdc42 constitutive activation does not interfere with hela cell migration after uv radiation.
hela cells and mock clones , which express endogenous wild-type cdc42 and show normal activity , are more resistant to uv radiation.
of these effects are altered by pharmacological cdc42 inhibition.
health care decision makers are required to make planning decisions over a medium to long term planning horizon.
we find that age-only models contain significant omitted variable bias , and that the relationship between age and health varies significantly across birth cohorts.
chronic sickness has fallen across birth cohorts born between @number@ and @number@ particularly before birth year @number@
generational health improvements have mitigated the effects of population ageing , meaning that the population rate of sickness fell between @number@ and @number@
planning based only on age leads to overestimation of the population level of health care need if successive cohorts are becoming healthier.
many alternative approaches exist which allow planners to relax the assumption of a fixed relationship between age and health.
introduction and objective : modern medicine is still searching for the antecedents which will lead to successful aging.
the article discusses the self-perception of life satisfaction and health of senior citizens.
materials and method : the study included @number@ persons - @number@ men and @number@ women.
the age of the participants was in the range @number@ - @number@ years.
all participants were asked to fill the life satisfaction questionnaire ( fragebogen zur lebenszufriedenheit - flz ) .
the flz questionnaire assesses the global life satisfaction of a person and health domain separately.
results : the results show age-related differences in the evaluation of life satisfaction.
the significant differences in satisfaction from mental health occurred only for the elderly and participants aged 25-34 and 35-44.
conclusions : life satisfaction is associated with subjective health evaluations.
there are two domains ( mental health and performance ) that are positively evaluated by more than two-thirds of senior citizens.
the observed differences challenge stereotypes and prejudices relating to negative aging process.
senior citizens can improve their control beliefs and develop self-regulation and coping skills.
purpose : volunteering among older adults has received increasing attention from researchers , policy makers , and associations.
however , there remains a lack of knowledge in how volunteering is impacted by other activities in the lives of older adults.
in order to understand activity engagement in later life , insights into the extent to which activities compete with or complement each other are necessary.
methods : data for the present research were derived from the belgian aging studies ( n = @number@ ) .
the main objective is to uncover the activities that impede or stimulate actual volunteering and / or the likeliness to volunteer at an older age.
results : structural equation models indicate a strong positive correlation between altruistic types of activities and actual volunteering.
furthermore , older adults active in personal leisure activities are more drawn to be potential volunteers.
furthermore , a dramatic reduction of bace1 at mrna and protein levels was observed after galangin treatment.
we further investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms , such as histone acetylation and dna methylation , were involved in galangin-induced transcriptional regulation of bace1.
the above findings suggest a novel mechanism for polyphenols ' neuroprotective effect in neurodegeneration and galangin as a potential drug candidate for ad therapy.
background : research shows that lipid levels may be associated with cognitive function , particularly among women.
results : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) was associated with better ccs ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
adjusting for apoe4 yielded significance for high hdl-c and ccs ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : hdl-c was the main lipoprotein affecting cognitive function , with results somewhat more pronounced among women.
research should investigate the possibility of finding ways to boost hdl-c levels to potentially promote cognitive function.
methods : we studied @number@ older adults ( ≥ @number@ years ) who were dementia-free at baseline over a period of up to @number@ years.
to control for reverse causality and to identify potential long-term effects , we additionally performed analyses with delayed entry.
results : we identified @number@ incident cases of dementia ( @number@ with ad ) during follow-up.
the variable visiting / visits from friends was associated with reduced risk of all-cause dementia.
further , a higher value on the relationships index ( sum of all variables ) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause dementia and ad.
to evaluate the effect of rack1 pseudosubstrate on cytokine production and cd86 expression the whole blood assay was used.
rack1 pseudosubstrate alone induced il-6 , il-8 , and cd86 expression in both young and old donors , and ifn-γ in old donors.
background : high morale is defined as future-oriented optimism.
previous research suggests that a high morale independently predicts increased survival among old people , though very old people have not been specifically studied.
objective : to investigate whether high morale is associated with increased survival among very old people.
the 17-item philadelphia geriatric center morale scale ( pgcms ) was used to assess morale.
results : the 5-year survival rate was @percent@ for participants with low morale , @percent@ for moderate and @percent@ for those with high morale.
similar results were found after adjustment for age and gender.
there was a similar but non-significant pattern towards increased mortality in participants with moderate morale ( rr = @number@ p value = @number@ ) .
conclusion : high morale is independently associated with increased survival among very old people.
background : the aging of western populations is expected to result in increasing occurrence of aortic stenosis ( as ) , but data are limited.
recent studies have reported declining incidence and mortality for other major heart diseases.
we aimed to study temporal trends in the incidence and prognosis for as in sweden.
similar improvements were observed for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction.
findings were broadly consistent across subgroups.
postoperative mortality at @number@ days declined despite increased median age at diagnosis.
objectives : we investigated associations between positive marital quality and health among married persons aged @number@ or older and their spouses.
prior research using data from married individuals has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the association between positive marital quality and global health outcomes.
increases in positive marital quality were also linked with declines in functional limitations for middle-aged and older adults.
discussion : being perceived as a supportive spouse , as well as perceiving one's partner as such , has significant health implications.
overall , positive marital quality of both spouses contributes to health protection for middle-aged and older spouses.
the mini-review stemmed from a recent meeting on national aging research strategies in china discusses the components and challenges of aging research in china.
highlighted are the major efforts of a number of research teams , funding situations and outstanding examples of recent major research achievements.
finally , authors discuss potential targets and strategies of aging research in china.
background : aging is associated with muscle weakness and impairment in performing skilled motor tasks.
results : compared with the young , older individuals exhibited significantly weakened cmc at all force levels tested.
there was a proportional relationship between the cmc and ef force and high-positive correlation between the cmc and ef strength in both groups.
epigenetic inheritance refers to changes in gene expression that are heritable across generations but are not caused by changes in the dna sequence.
many environmental factors are now known to cause epigenetic changes , including the presence of pathogens , parasites , harmful chemicals and other stress factors.
there is increasing evidence that transcriptional reprogramming caused by epigenetic modifications can be passed from parents to offspring.
indeed , diseases such as cancer can occur in the offspring due to epigenetically-inherited gene expression profiles induced by stress experienced by the parent.
empirical studies to investigate the role of epigenetics in trans-generational gene regulation and disease require appropriate model organisms.
background : puberty and reproductive hormones have been identified as having a potential role in schizophrenia.
earlier reports have suggested associations between later age at puberty and schizophrenia in males.
similarly , associations have been reported between testosterone levels and psychotic symptoms.
in this report , we examined the association between age at puberty and prodromal symptoms of psychosis.
methods : @number@ child or adolescent family members of individuals with schizophrenia were interviewed using the scale of prodromal symptoms and the tanner maturational scale.
age at tanner pubertal stage was determined and regression analyses were used to explore associations between prodromal symptoms and age at puberty.
in females , the association was not statistically significant.
conclusions : our results suggest that delayed age at puberty may be associated with negative prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia in males.
our findings suggest that delayed age at puberty could potentially be a predictive biomarker for psychopathology in males at risk for schizophrenia.
background : recent genomewide association study meta-analyses have identified @number@ loci associated with risk of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we sought to investigate whether these genetic risk factors are associated with pd age at onset.
methods : genetic risk scores from these loci were calculated for @number@ cases.
linear regression tested associations between cumulative genetic risk and pd age at onset.
single standard deviation increase in genetic risk score is associated with @number@ d earlier age at onset.
highest genetic risk was found at @number@ to @number@ y , onset slightly below average age at onset ( aao ) .
conclusions : common genetic risk factors have a small but consistent association with aao in pd.
apoe ɛ4 , the most significant genetic risk factor for alzheimer disease ( ad ) , may mask effects of other loci.
conditional analysis revealed that rs2732703 accounted for association signals in the entire 100-kilobase region that includes mapt.
our apoe-stratified gwas is the first to show gws association for ad with snps in the chromosome 17q21.31 region.
oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy exerts its effects through generating dna damage.
hence , genetic variants in dna repair pathways could modulate treatment response.
single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snp ) associations with overall survival and recurrence-free survival were assessed using a cox regression model.
pathway analysis was performed using the gamma method.
our data show that genetic variants in the ner pathway are potentially predictive of treatment response to oxaliplatin.
methods : a total of @number@ dementia-free subjects aged @number@ to 80years in @number@ were followed up through @number@ without dementia occurrence.
we assessed cognitive function using the cognitive ability screening instrument ( casi ) .
using stepwise-like model selection procedure , we built mixed-effects models for initial cognition and longitudinal cognition.
results : initial casi scores for younger age and more years of formal education were higher than those for older and less education.
sex did not show a significant effect.
in the longitudinal analysis , cognitive decline became more rapid with increasing age.
sex and education did not modify the degree of deterioration with age.
casi scores were higher for younger cohorts and men due to differences in education levels.
conclusion : among dementia-free subjects , age is an important predictor of cognitive function level and cognitive decline.
education level affects cognitive function level , but did not affect cognitive decline.
the results have implications not only for elucidation of the aging process , but also for reference in dementia screening.
intervertebral disc ( ivd ) degeneration is a common degenerative disease , yet much is unknown about the mechanisms during its pathogenesis.
herein we investigated whether progranulin ( pgrn ) , a chondroprotective growth factor , is associated with ivd degeneration.
pgrn was detectable in both human and murine ivd.
the levels of pgrn were upregulated in murine ivd tissue during aging process.
moreover , pgrn knockout mice exhibited accelerated ivd matrix degeneration , abnormal bone formation and exaggerated bone resorption in vertebra with aging.
the acceleration of ivd degeneration observed in pgrn null mice was probably due to the enhanced activation of nf-κb signaling and β-catenin signaling.
conflict of interest : pwot is funded by a nonrestrictive research award from general mills inc.
the discussion is divided into @number@ sections.
aims : heart failure ( hf ) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries.
data on the epidemiology of hf are largely lacking for germany.
the study sample was not restricted to a specific age group.
one-year all-cause mortality in patients who received their first diagnosis of hf in hospital was analysed using kaplan-meier method and cox proportional hazard model.
case identification was based on confirmed outpatient diagnoses , main and secondary hospital discharge diagnoses as well as medications for hf.
results : the age- and sex-standardized incidence rate of hf was @number@ per @number@ person years.
age- and sex-standardized prevalence of hf was @percent@ in @number@ @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@
the 1-year all-cause mortality was @percent@ among patients who received their first hf diagnosis during a hospitalization in @number@
conclusion : our study revealed an incidence and prevalence of hf in germany which were largely comparable to those from other countries.
study design : an anatomic observational study.
methods : this study used @number@ cadaveric lumbar vertebrae from @number@ adult spines at the hamann-todd human osteological collection.
specimens were aged @number@ to @number@ years.
each vertebra was photographed in standardized positions and measured using imagej software.
direct measurements were made for the sp length , width , height , slope , and caudal morphology.
gender , race , and age were recorded and analyzed.
results : spinous process length was @number@.8±4.6 mm ( l5 ) to @number@.9±3.9 mm ( l3 ) .
effective length varied from @number@.5±2.6 mm ( l1 ) to @number@.6±3.3 mm ( l4 ) .
height was shortest at l5 ( @number@.2±2.7 mm ) .
caudal width was greater than the cranial width.
slope , caudal morphology , and radius measures showed large interspecimen variation.
slope at l5 was steeper than other levels ( @number@.7°±10.5° , p < .0001 ) .
most specimens demonstrated convex caudal morphology.
l4 had the highest proportion of convexity ( @percent@ ) .
l1 was the only level with predominantly concave morphology.
measurements for female sps were smaller , but the slope was steeper.
anatomic and effective sp lengths were longer for specimens from white individuals.
specimens from black individuals had larger width and height , as well as steeper slope.
black specimens had more convex morphology at l4 and l5.
with increasing age , the sp length , effective length , and width increased.
height increased with age only at l4 and l5.
slope and caudal radius of curvature decreased with age , and increasingly convex morphology was noted at most levels.
of particular importance is the recognition that l5 has relatively different morphology when compared with more cranial levels.
potentially important differences were noted comparing women with men , black with white , and aging populations.
unlabelled : nkx3.1 is a prostate-specific homeodomain protein and tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in the earliest phases of prostatic neoplasia.
nkx3.1 degradation is activated by phosphorylation at c-terminal serine residues that mediate ubiquitination and protein turnover.
because nkx3.1 is haploinsufficient , strategies to increase its protein stability could lead to new therapies.
here , a high-throughput screen was developed using an sirna library for kinases that mediate nkx3.1 degradation.
mechanistically , nkx3.1 and dyrk1b were shown to interact via the dyrk1b kinase domain.
in addition , an in vitro kinase assay showed that dyrk1b phosphorylated nkx3.1 at serine @number@ a residue critical for nkx3.1 steady-state turnover.
lastly , small-molecule inhibitors of dyrk1b prolonged nkx3.1 half-life.
thus , dyrk1b is a target for enzymatic inhibition in order to increase cellular nkx3.1.
implications : dyrk1b is a promising and novel kinase target for prostate cancer treatment mediated by enhancing nkx3.1 levels.
background : antiretroviral safety and efficacy and may differ in older versus younger hiv-infected patients.
on day @number@ intensive pk sampling was undertaken in a fasted state and ral plasma concentrations determined.
neurocognitive function was assessed at baseline and week @number@ using a neuropsychological battery.
conclusions : no significant changes in ral exposure associated with age were observed.
objective : total testosterone concentrations are influenced by sex hormone-binding globulin ( shbg ) concentrations , which are decreased by obesity and increased with ageing.
therefore , we sought to understand and compare the associations of ageing and obesity with shbg.
univariate and multivariate linear regression modelling of the associations between age and body mass index ( bmi ) and shbg was performed.
conclusions : we found that the association between obesity and lowered shbg is greater than the association of ageing with increased shbg.
these competing effects may impact total testosterone measurements for the diagnosis of low testosterone , particularly in obese men.
herein , a practical radiosynthesis of [ ( @number@ ) f ] cabs13 was achieved by radiofluorination followed by deprotection of an o-benzyloxymethyl group.
identification of more metabolically stable ( @number@ ) f-hydroxyquinolines that can be readily accessed by the radiochemical strategy presented herein is underway.
the requirement for alternative splicing during adipogenesis is poorly understood.
sam68 null preadipocytes were monitored for alternative splicing imbalances in components of the mtor signaling pathway.
herein , we report that sam68 regulates isoform expression of the ribosomal s6 kinase gene ( rps6kb1 ) .
sam68-deficient adipocytes express rps6kb1-002 and its encoded p31s6k1 protein , in contrast to wild-type adipocytes that do not express this isoform.
depletion of p31s6k1 with small interfering rnas ( sirnas ) partially restored adipogenesis of sam68-deficient preadipocytes.
the ectopic expression of p31s6k1 in wild-type 3t3-l1 cells resulted in adipogenesis differentiation defects , showing that p31s6k1 is an inhibitor of adipogenesis.
our findings indicate that sam68 is required to prevent the expression of p31s6k1 in adipocytes for adipogenesis to occur.
the segmentation method relies on a probabilistic atlas of the brainstem and its neighboring brain structures.
the resulting atlas can be used in a bayesian framework to segment the brainstem structures in novel scans.
thanks to the generative nature of the scheme , the segmentation method is robust to changes in mri contrast or acquisition hardware.
we also indirectly evaluate the algorithm with a experiment in which we study the atrophy of the brainstem in aging.
the results also demonstrate that the method can detect atrophy patterns in the brainstem structures that have been previously described in the literature.
finally , we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to detect differential effects of ad on the brainstem structures.
the method will be implemented as part of the popular neuroimaging package freesurfer.
background : sleep disturbance is a common complaint of patients with a rotator cuff tear.
inadequate and restless sleep , along with pain , is often a driving symptom for patients to proceed with rotator cuff repair.
hypothesis : sleep disturbance is prevalent in patients with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear , and sleep disturbance improves after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
study design : case series ; level of evidence , @number@
methods : a total of @number@ patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for full-thickness tears were enrolled in a prospective study.
patients were surveyed preoperatively and postoperatively at intervals of @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks.
demographic and surgical factors were also collected for analysis.
results : preoperative psqi scores indicative of sleep disturbance were reported in @percent@ of patients.
six months after surgery , only @percent@ of patients continued to have sleep disturbance.
multivariable linear regression of all surgical and demographic factors versus psqi was performed and demonstrated that preoperative and prolonged postoperative narcotic use negatively affected sleep.
conclusion : sleep disturbance is common in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.
after surgery , sleep disturbance improves to levels comparable with those of the general public.
preoperative and prolonged postoperative use of narcotic pain medication negatively affects sleep.
the use of attentional deployment tactics was associated with lower negative affect.
this study confirms results found in quantitative studies and uncovers new processes that promote emotion regulation.
background : despite the focus on facial photoaging ratings , there are few classifications developed for forearm skin aging assessment.
objective : to develop and validate a clinical scale for the evaluation of forearm skin aging.
methods : three clinical dermatology faculty members selected , discussed , and appraised the main signs of forearm photoaging.
retests were performed in @number@ days.
results : there was significant correlation between the selected variables and the subjective global aging scale.
inter- and intraobserver final scores showed high agreement.
conclusion : a validated clinical photoaging scale for forearms with internal consistency , reliability , and validity was developed.
gray matter loss in cortical regions is a normal ageing process for the healthy brain.
there have been few studies on the process of ageing of the brain in chronic neurological disorders.
the results indicate that in contrast to healthy subjects , migraineurs show a lack of thinning in the insula by age.
importance : typical cognitive aging may be defined as age-associated changes in cognitive performance in individuals who remain free of dementia.
ideally , the full adult age spectrum should be included to assess brain imaging findings associated with typical aging.
design , setting , and participants : cross-sectional observational study ( @date@ to @date@ ) at an academic medical center.
main outcomes and measures : memory , hva , and amyloid pet.
results : overall , memory worsened from age @number@ years through the 90s.
the hva worsened gradually from age @number@ years to the mid-60s and more steeply beyond that age.
the median amyloid pet was low until age @number@ years and increased thereafter.
memory was worse in men than in women overall ( p < @number@ ) and more specifically beyond age @number@ years.
the hva was lower in men than in women overall ( p < @number@ ) and more specifically beyond age @number@ years.
there was no sex difference in amyloid pet at any age.
within each sex , memory performance and hva were not different by apoe ε4 status at any age.
from age @number@ years onward , apoe ε4 carriers had significantly greater median amyloid pet than noncarriers.
conclusions and relevance : male sex is associated with worse memory and hva among cognitively normal individuals , while apoe ε4 is not.
in contrast , apoe ε4 is associated with greater amyloid pet ( from age @number@ years onward ) , while sex is not.
worsening memory and hva occur at earlier ages than abnormal amyloid pet.
therefore , neuropathological processes other than β-amyloidosis must underlie declines in brain structure and memory function in middle age.
objectives : depressive symptoms are common in older people ; most previous research on elderly depression focused on individual-level characteristics or neighborhood socioeconomic status.
modifiable neighborhood characteristics of older people dwelling in low-income communities are under-studied.
this study aims to identify potentially modifiable social and physical neighborhood characteristics that influence depressive symptoms independent of individual-level characteristics among older chinese.
method : data came from a cross-sectional survey conducted in four low-income public rental housing estates in hong kong in @number@
we interviewed a total of @number@ elderly residents.
results : at individual level , activities of daily living and income significantly predicted depressive symptoms.
receiving support from friends or neighbors is associated with fewer depressive symptoms.
however , participants who received organizational support had a @number@ points of increase on the 15-item geriatric depression scale ( gds-15 ) .
at-ease walkable proximity to medical facilities was positively associated with a better gds score.
conclusion : neighborhood support networks and perceived proximity by walk to community facilities contribute significantly to depressive symptoms among low-income elders.
programs and policies that facilitate neighborhood support and commuting or promote facility accessibility may help ameliorate depressive symptoms common among low-income elders.
objectives : self-rated health , as distinct from objective measures of health , is a clinically informative metric among older adults.
the purpose of our study was to examine the cognitive and psychosocial factors associated with self-rated health.
measures of executive function and self-rated health were assessed at baseline , and self-rated health was assessed at follow-up.
loneliness was also found to cross-sectionally predict self-rated health , although this relationship was not present at a longitudinal level.
conclusion : older adults ' self-rated health may be related to their executive functioning and to their loneliness.
self-rated health appeared to improve over time , and the extent of this improvement was also related to executive functioning at baseline.
hypertension and smoking are related with oxidative stress ( os ) , which in turn reports on cellular aging.
zinc is an essential element involved in an individual's physiology.
in a spanish sample with @number@ individuals , subjects aged 20-59 years were selected , whose zinc intake levels fell within the recommended limits.
these individuals were classified according to their smoking habits and hypertensive condition.
low zinc levels in serum were related with os and cellular aging and were , in turn , to be a risk factor for hypertension.
when looking at each quality of life's domain we found that women reported higher scores of autonomy compared to men.
data analysis included correlation and logistic regression analyses.
results : participants were highly adherent to their medications.
in post hoc analyses , personal control was inversely related to dichotomized medication adherence and necessity-concern differential was directly related to dichotomized medication adherence.
human genetic factors predispose to tuberculosis ( tb ) .
we studied @number@ million genetic variants in @number@ people with pulmonary tb and in @number@ healthy controls.
the asap1 protein is involved in actin and membrane remodeling and has been associated with podosomes.
the asap1-depleted dcs showed impaired matrix degradation and migration.
longitudinal structural models revealed that age-20 interaction quantity had a direct , unmediated effect on age-50 social and psychological outcomes.
the effects of age-20 interaction quality on midlife outcomes , on the other hand , were mediated by age-30 interaction quality.
the concentration of more than fifty metabolites in the lens cortex and nucleus has been determined.
the results obtained imply that the development of the age-related cataracts might originate from the metabolic dysfunction of the lens epithelial cells.
previous studies reported that characteristic lens opacities were present in alzheimer disease ( ad ) patients postmortem.
ad biomarker status was determined by positron emission tomography-pittsburgh compound b ( pet-pib ) imaging and cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) levels of aβ42.
twenty-seven participants had no biomarkers of alzheimer dementia and were cdr = @number@
fifteen participants had biomarkers indicating increased risk of ad , two of which were cdr = @number@
participants who were biomarker positive were older than those who were biomarker negative.
biomarker positive participants had more advanced cataracts and increased cortical light scattering , none of which reached statistical significance after adjustment for age.
we conclude that cataract grade or lens opacity is unlikely to provide a non-invasive measure of the risk of developing alzheimer dementia.
background : as our society ages , improving medical care for an older population will be crucial.
discrimination in healthcare may contribute to substandard experiences with the healthcare system , increasing the burden of poor health in older adults.
few studies have focused on the presence of healthcare discrimination and its effects on older adults.
objective : we aimed to examine the relationship between healthcare discrimination and new or worsened disability.
design : this was a longitudinal analysis of data from the nationally representative health and retirement study administered in @number@ with follow-up through @number@
outcome was self-report of new or worsened disability by @number@ ( difficulty or dependence in any of six activities of daily living ) .
key results : in all , @number@ % experienced discrimination infrequently and @number@ % frequently.
conclusions : one out of five adults over the age of @number@ years experiences discrimination in healthcare settings.
one in @number@ experience frequent healthcare discrimination , and this is associated with new or worsened disability by @number@ years.
future research should focus on the mechanisms by which healthcare discrimination influences disability in older adults to promote better health outcomes for an aging population.
dendritic cell ( dc ) vaccines induce t-cell responses in cancer patients.
however , there is a paucity of data regarding the role of dc vaccines in shaping natural killer ( nk ) cell responses.
here , we observe that nk cells are less activated following dc vaccination.
these results show that ltα , il-12 , and tgf-β are involved in the cross-talk between nk cells and dcs.
our findings have important implications for the development of dc-based vaccination strategies to potentiate nk-cell responses in patients with cancer.
cancer prevalance and incidence is increasing with aging of populations and age is a critical factor in decision-making for anti-cancer treatment.
however it is believed that chronological age is not enough to guide management in elderly cancer patients.
multidisciplinary evaluation and comprehensive geriatric assessment has gained importance regarding the treatment selection especially for definitive anti-cancer therapy recently.
bace1 activation is caused due to oxidative stresses and dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ups ) , which is linked to p53 inactivation.
as partial suppression of bace1 attenuates aβ generation and ad-related pathology , it might be an ideal target for ad treatment.
further , bace1 is a downstream target of p53 and overexpression of p53 decreases bace1 level.
we have thus discovered that chip regulates p53-mediated trans-repression of bace1 at both transcriptional and post-translational level.
we propose that a chip-bace1-p53 feedback loop might control app stabilization , which could further be utilized for new therapeutic intervention in ad.
evidence for spared musical memories in aging and ad is reviewed here.
new data involve the development of a musical engagement questionnaire especially designed for use with ad patients.
the questionnaire assesses behavioral responses to music and is answered by the care partner.
current results show that , despite cognitive loss , persons with mild to moderate ad preserve musical engagement and music seeking.
familiar music evokes personal autobiographical memories for healthy younger and older adults as well and for those with mild to moderate ad.
working with and through music as a resource may enhance social and communication functions.
producing and perceiving music engage a wide range of sensorimotor , cognitive , and emotional processes.
we then discuss the neural substrates underlying the entrainment of cognitive and motor processes by music and their relation to affective experience.
cognitive training , physical activity , and exercise have often been reported to improve cognitive performance in older adults.
results from cognitive training studies suggest that despite performance improvement in trained tasks , transfer effects appeared very limited.
physical exercise intervention studies generally found significant and large improvements in physical capacity , in some cognitive domains , and in quality of life.
the benefits seem to be equivalent between frail and nonfrail participants.
only studies published in peer-reviewed journals written in english language were considered.
a meta-analysis was performed and effect sizes ( es ) calculated.
results : @number@ studies were identified ( @number@ rcts and @number@ uncontrolled trials ) ; age ranged from @number@ to 80years.
in this context , physicians might include pet as a tool for exercise prescriptions for the elderly.
importantly , studies on dr promise to reveal novel strategies to prolong healthspan and prevent age-related disorders in human beings.
the present review focuses on the neuroprotective actions of dr as demonstrated by accumulating experimental and encouraging albeit still limited clinical and epidemiological data.
there is a demand for effective training methods that encourage exercise adherence during advancing age , particularly in sedentary populations.
motivation to exercise was measured at baseline and week @number@
a 60-day intervention study was conducted in which the participants took a low dose of a multivitamin and mineral supplement.
the aim of the study was to monitor oxidative stress and redox status of both young and old age groups.
in serum , the expected increase of the water-soluble vitamins folate and vitamin b12 was observed with a concomitant decrease in homocysteine.
serum biomarkers of oxidative stress , the reactive oxygen metabolites , of the antioxidant status , the biological antioxidant potential did not change.
it is concluded that a low-dosed multivitamin and -mineral supplementation have different effects on the redox status in young versus old.
it remained to explain why a low dose of a multivitamin and -mineral supplement cause increased oxidative stress.
understanding how to ' age longer and age well ' is a priority for people personally , for populations globally and for government policy.
nonagenarians are the oldest members of our societies and survivors of their generation.
approximately @number@ % of nonagenarians reach @number@ years and beyond in good condition and seem to have a combination of both age-span and health-span.
but what are the factors which help people reach their ninetieth birthday and beyond in good condition ?
however , the relevance of these peripheral measures for brain indices that are presumably more directly related to mdd pathophysiology is unknown.
we did not have specific hypotheses regarding the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocampal volume , due to conflicting reports in the published literature.
leukocyte telomere length was not significantly related to hippocampal volume in either group ( @number@ unmedicated mdd subjects and @number@ healthy controls ) .
when comparing motor performance of the dominant and nondominant hands , older adults tend to be less asymmetric compared to young adults.
this has suggested decreased motor lateralization and functional compensation within the aging brain.
the current study further addressed this question by testing whether motor asymmetry was reduced in a sample of @number@ healthy right-handed adults ages 65-89.
in the context of previous work , our findings suggest that the aging brain may also be characterized by additional measures besides chronological age.
the neuroinflammatory response , produced by these challenges results in increased and prolonged production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the otherwise healthy aged brain.
here we discuss the mechanisms by which long-lasting elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus produce memory impairments.
sensitized microglia are a primary source of this exaggerated neuroinflammatory response and appear to be a hallmark of the normal aging brain.
we end with a discussion of therapeutic approaches to prevent these deleterious effects.
neuroplasticity involves molecular and structural changes in central nervous system ( cns ) throughout life.
methods : data were obtained from the medical expenditure panel survey ( years 2004-2011 ) .
two-part generalized linear models were used to estimate and compare mental health service use among adults with and without a comorbid general medical illness.
results : mental health service use was more likely for older adults with comorbid general medical illness than for those without it.
once mental health services were accessed , no differences in mental health expenditures were found.
comorbid general medical illness increased the likelihood of mental health service use by older whites and latinos.
however , the presence of comorbidity did not affect racial-ethnic disparities in mental health service use.
since the population is aging with a greater life expectancy , it is crucial that these questions be answered.
although several studies of inpatient non-icu diabetes management have been published , few include older patients.
this review will examine available recommendations and explore those controversies regarding non-icu hospital management in this vulnerable patient population.
additional conditions that impact upon achieving glycemic control will also be discussed.
purposes : recognizing gender-specific behavioral risks of type @number@ diabetes is important in improving the disease associated health outcomes and healthcare service.
there are @number@ male cases and @number@ female cases individually matched with their nondiabetic controls on age.
odds ratios of type @number@ diabetes diagnoses are higher only among male cigarette smokers and heavy alcohol drinkers.
objective : to compare three commonly employed gait assessments - self-reported walking difficulties , clinical evaluation , and quantitative gait - to predict incident falls.
the association of these three gait assessment modes with incident falls was examined using cox proportional hazards models.
results : @percent@ of participants self-reported walking difficulties , @percent@ had slow gait , and @percent@ clinical gait abnormalities.
@percent@ had abnormalities on only one assessment , whereas only @percent@ had abnormalities on all three.
over a mean follow-up of @number@ months , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) fell.
objective : older veterans are the largest cohort served by the u.s. department of veterans affairs ( va ) .
design : va national administrative data set and pharmacy records.
setting : va healthcare system.
participants : the sample comprised @number@ veterans aged 50 + years who received a new diagnosis of ptsd between fiscal years 2008-2011.
results : the majority of older veterans with newly diagnosed ptsd received at least one follow-up mental health visit.
introduction : driving by the elderly is a growing reality , and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom.
but the driving quality can be affected by aging.
the participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments.
conclusions : since age influences driving , the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill.
a poor appetite in older adults is an important determinant of reduced food intake and undernutrition.
food preferences may influence food intake.
self-reported appetite in the past week was classified as ' good ' or ' poor ' using a validated instrument.
specific food preferences in participants with a poor appetite were identified by one-sample t-tests comparing frequencies to the expected value of @number@
preference differences between those with a good and a poor appetite were analyzed using glm adjusting for confounders.
in conclusion , older adults with a poor appetite may have specific food preferences.
their preference for variation differs from those with a good appetite.
background : gait impairment is common in parkinsonian syndromes but not specific to striatonigral dysfunction.
the relationship between the dopaminergic system and gait parameters is poorly understood.
finally , none of these parameters showed a significant association with voxelwise [ ( @number@ ) i ] fp-cit uptake.
however , data with longer follow-up in this age group are scarce.
data were collected prospectively in a single surgery university center ( paris , france ) .
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ op and @number@ yp underwent lrygb.
long-term trials are needed to better evaluate the benefit of bariatric surgery in aging obese patients.
methods : raw data were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database.
the degs were identified using limma package among the three groups.
gene ontology and kegg pathway analysis were carried out using david.
a protein-protein interaction ( ppi ) network of degs was constructed with string and then visualized with cytoscape.
results : a total of @number@ degs were screened , including @number@ up- and @number@ down-regulated genes.
compared with young and old controls , @number@ and @number@ genes were up-regulated in osteoporosis , respectively , and @number@ genes were shared.
conclusion : a number of degs and altered pathways were screened in osteoporosis.
our study provided insights into the role of aging in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and some degs might be potential biomarkers for osteoporosis.
materials and methods : sixty class ii cavities were prepared in extracted mandibular third molars , with margins extending @number@ mm below the cementum-enamel junction.
cavities were restored with composite resins in an \ "open sandwich \ " technique.
the samples were subjected to alternate aging in phosphate buffered saline and cyclic loading.
marginal adaptation was evaluated in terms of \ "continuous margin \ " at the gingival margin , using a low vacuum scanning electron microscope.
statistical analysis was done with two-way analysis of variance with holm-sidak's correction for multiple comparisons.
results : the glass ionomer group and biodentine group presented an overall @percent@ and @percent@ of continuous margins , with no difference between them.
mta plus showed least values of continuous margins.
granular deposits were seen over the surface of biodentine and mta plus.
clinical significance : contemporary calcium silicate materials can be used as dentin substitute materials in \ "open sandwich \ " class ii restorations.
we also noted the formation / disruption of cpgs ( tentative methylation sites of epigenetic ssnps ) .
all disease association studies involving ssnps are also reported.
only 21 / 670 coding snps , mostly epigenetic , reported in @number@ t2d-related genes , were found to be prominent coding synonymous.
no prominent ssnps have been recorded in three key t2d-related genes ( gcgr , ppargc1a , igf1 ) .
similarly , 20 / 366 coding synonymous were identified in nd related genes , mostly epigenetic.
meta-analysis showed that @number@ of the above prominent ssnps were previously investigated in association with various pathological conditions.
three out of four ssnps ( all epigenetic ) were associated with t2d and one with nds ( branch site ssnp ) .
five were associated with other or related pathological conditions.
methods and materials : one surface sealant and one composite resin ( shades a2-0 , a2 , and ye ) were tested.
specimens were carried out using layering with different shades of composite , and dental blocks ( dentin / enamel ) were obtained of human molars.
fluorescence intensity measurement performed using a spectrofluorophotometer , before and after storage in cola , orange juice , red wine , and distilled water.
data were subjected to analysis of variance and fisher's test ( α = @number@ ) .
results : initially , only a2-o + a2 layering showed fluorescence intensity statistically similar to the natural tooth.
overall , groups sealed showed the highest fluorescence intensity compared with unsealed groups.
the aging decreased the fluorescence intensity compared with initial values.
red wine showed the highest decrease on the fluorescence intensity.
conclusion : the fluorescence of composite restorations is dependent of the layering technique and is affected by the diet.
clinical significance : the staining solutions decreased the fluorescence intensity , even when the composite resins were sealed.
seniors vs. young participants showed longer reaction times and higher skin conductance response ( scr ) during swallowing.
we found a positive association of scr and fmri-activation only among seniors in areas processing sensorimotor performance , arousal and emotional perception.
the results indicate that the highly automated swallowing network retains its functionality with age.
the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of mutations in matr3 in a taiwanese als cohort of han chinese origin.
mutational analyses of matr3 were carried out by direct nucleotide sequencing in a cohort of @number@ unrelated patients with als.
we identified @number@ heterozygous missense mutation , p.ala72thr ( c.214g > a ) , in @number@ patient with bulbar-onset and apparently sporadic als.
the frequency of matr3 mutations in als patients in taiwan is , therefore , approximately @percent@ ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
this study reports a novel matr3 mutation and stresses on the importance to consider matr3 mutation as a possible etiology of als.
diffusion tensor imaging studies show age-related differences in cerebral white matter ( wm ) .
however , few have studied wm changes over time , and none evaluated individual differences in change across a wide age range.
fractional anisotropy ( fa ) , axial diffusivity , and radial diffusivity ( rd ) represented microstructural properties of normal-appearing wm within @number@ regions.
cross-sectional analyses revealed age-related differences in all wm indices across the regions.
in contrast , latent change score analyses showed longitudinal declines in axial diffusivity in association and projection fibers and increases in anterior commissural fibers.
fa and rd evidenced a less consistent pattern of change.
metabolic risk mediated the effects of age on fa and rd change in corpus callosum body and dorsal cingulum.
design : a descriptive , exploratory research with a convenience sample.
setting : a biomechanics laboratory of a tertiary university hospital.
methods : the subjects performed the wpr activity with @number@ inertial sensors attached on the thoracic spine and sacrum.
isokinetic truncal flexion and extension power were measured.
main outcome measures : at , kl , and lb were compared between the initial plank and maximal roll positions.
angular excursions were compared between males and females and between rolling sides , and tested for correlation with isokinetic truncal muscle power.
patterns and consistencies of the lumbar postural changes were determined.
lumbar postural changes of each patient were examined in the aspects of pattern and excursion , considering those from the healthy subjects as reference.
the excursions were not related to isokinetic truncal muscle power.
the @number@ lbp patients showed varied deviations in pattern and excursion from the average of the healthy subjects.
application of the evaluation on lbp patients revealed prominent deviations from the healthy postural changes , suggesting potential clinical applicability.
participants were @number@ community organizations and @number@ staff of community organizations in baltimore , maryland.
participant referral sources , eligibility , enrollment status , demographics , and loss to follow-up were tracked in a relational access database.
results : in total , @number@ referrals were received and @number@ socioeconomically , cognitively , and racially diverse community-dwelling persons with cognitive disorders were enrolled.
african american / black enrollees were most likely to come from community liaison organizations.
conclusion : a multipronged , adaptive approach led to the successful recruitment of diverse community-residing elders with memory impairment for an intervention trial.
background : modifiable vascular and lifestyle-related risk factors have been associated with dementia risk in observational studies.
methods : in a double-blind randomised controlled trial we enrolled individuals aged 60-77 years recruited from previous national surveys.
computer-generated allocation was done in blocks of four ( two individuals randomly allocated to each group ) at each site.
group allocation was not actively disclosed to participants and outcome assessors were masked to group allocation.
the primary outcome was change in cognition as measured through comprehensive neuropsychological test battery ( ntb ) z score.
analysis was by modified intention to treat ( all participants with at least one post-baseline observation ) .
this trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov , number nct01041989.
between-group difference in the change of ntb total score per year was 0·022 ( @percent@ ci 0·002-0·042 , p = 0·030 ) .
@number@ ( @percent@ ) individuals dropped out overall.
with advancing age , the functional reserve of many organs tends to decrease.
moreover , patients with kidney disease are often affected by comorbid processes and are prescribed multiple medications.
therefore , older patients with kidney disease are particularly susceptible to the risks of adverse drug reactions.
finally , many aged patients suffer from unintentional poor compliance.
the risks of overdosing and underdosing are outlined , and some recommendations to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions are provided.
cells respond to changes in their environment and in their intracellular milieu by altering specific pathways of protein synthesis and degradation.
autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins , damaged organelles , and subcellular structures.
alterations in autophagy play an important role in diseases including cancer , neurodegenerative diseases , aging , metabolic diseases , inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
autophagy may be both adaptive and beneficial for cell survival , or maladaptive and detrimental for the cell.
basal autophagy plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis whereas excessive autophagy may lead to autophagic cell death.
the point and counterpoint discussion highlights adaptive vs. maladaptive autophagy.
in this review , we discuss the molecular control of autophagy , focusing particularly on the regulation of physiologic vs. defective autophagy.
aim : the transgender community has long been marginalized in society.
as the world's population ages , gender-unbiased health services for this growing population , with age-related chronic illnesses , will be essential.
methods : a review of literature on transgender medicine on pubmed over the last five years was conducted.
results : existing statistics indicate that unacceptable bias and discrimination are occurring , making trans patients less likely to seek care.
there are emerging initiatives that address the transgender and gender non-conforming population.
these strict gender labels appear to preclude the institution of gender equal care.
care templates on gender equal patient encounters should be implemented to better address transgender health needs in a non-biased manner.
recent studies in older adults and people with pd suggest dance interventions provide various motor benefits.
the literature for dance in pd is growing , but many knowledge gaps remain , relative to what is known in older adults.
generally , a wide variety of dance styles have been investigated in older adults , while a more limited subset has been evaluated in pd.
measures vary widely across studies and a lack of standardized outcomes measures hinders cross-studies comparisons.
glycation is one of the major processes responsible for skin aging through induction of the detrimental formation of advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) .
we determined the optimal concentration of glyoxal to induce ages formation identified by carboxymethyl-lysin expression while keeping their toxic effects low.
moreover , it produced an epidermal differentiation defect evidenced by the lack of loricrin and filaggrin expression in the epidermis.
it is a unique tool to investigate the effects of glycation on skin and to screen new molecules that could prevent ages formation.
this study investigated the effects of dementia on standing postural adaptation during performance of a visual search task.
we recruited @number@ older adults with dementia and @number@ without dementia.
ap sway variability was significantly greater in those with dementia as compared to those without dementia , irrespective of task condition.
in contrast , postural adaptation to visual search was similar between groups in the ap direction.
as compared to those without dementia , those with dementia identified fewer letters on the visual task.
dementia reduces the capacity to perform a visual-based task while standing and thus , appears to disrupt this perception-action synergy.
both dietary conditions lasted @number@ weeks with a 2-week washout before crossing over into the alternate condition.
in the no dairy condition , brachial flow-mediated dilation was reduced ( @number@ ± @percent@ , p < @number@ vs. baseline ) .
clinical trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01577030.
introduction : hearing impairment ( hi ) affects an estimated @number@ million people worldwide , with @percent@ of these living in developing countries.
early intervention and support programmes can significantly reduce the negative effects of hi.
methods : data were collected through literature review and correspondence with service providers.
prevalence estimates were based on census data and previously published regional estimates.
estimated incidence of chronic otitis media in pacific island nations is 3-5 times greater than other australasian countries in children under @number@ years old.
permanent hi from otitis media is substantially more likely in children and adults in pacific island nations.
there is relatively little support for people with hi or ear disease in the pacific region.
an investment in initiatives to both identify and support people with hearing loss in the pacific is necessary.
design : randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial.
setting : los angeles community.
participants : a population-based sample of @number@ older adults with chronic and primary insomnia.
in addition , high risk grouping was classified if subjects exhibited @number@ or more biomarkers in the abnormal laboratory range.
the coenzyme bioavailability may be significantly affected by these reactions , with ensuing major impact on energy metabolism , cell survival , and aging.
here we review the current knowledge on the regulation of mammalian nad biosynthesis , with focus on the relevant rate-limiting enzymes.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : cofactor-dependent proteins : evolution , chemical diversity and bio-applications.
unlabelled : detrusor underactivity ( du ) is an increasingly recognised cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in both men and women.
there has been a lack of research into all aspects of this dysfunction , and as yet , no effective treatments exist.
du can be diagnosed at present only on the basis of an invasive urodynamic study.
patient summary : bladder underactivity is an underresearched but important cause of urinary symptoms in men and women.
cancer in the geriatric population is a growing problem.
malnutrition is common in cancer.
a number of factors increase the risk for malnutrition in older people with cancer , including chronic comorbid conditions and normal physiological changes of aging.
nurses have an important role in the nutritional support of older cancer patients.
this article identifies ways in which nurses can contribute to the nutritional support of older cancer patients and thus help mitigate the effects of malnutrition.
these data suggest that at1r activation contributes to the reflex vc response in aged but not young skin.
furthermore , the angiotensin ii component of the vc response appears to occur primarily through a rock-mediated mechanism.
objective : to examine the synergistic effect of interaction between perceived health and social activity on depressive symptoms.
a generalised linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate the association in a longitudinal data form.
depressive symptoms were measured using the center for epidemiological studies depression @number@ scale ( ces-d10 ) .
perceived health and level of social activity were categorical variables with three values.
participation in six social activities was assessed.
results : interactions between perceived health status and social activity were statistically significant for almost all social activity / perceived health combinations.
in addition , we performed stratified analyses by region : urban or rural.
we aimed to provide more detailed results on this association from a population-based patient cohort study.
follow-up included assessment of therapy details , recurrence , vital status , and cause of death.
information about molecular pathological subtypes of crc was available for @number@ patients.
cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios ( hrs ) and their @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
all statistical tests were two-sided.
among stage i and ii patients , statin use was associated with better recurrence-free but not with better crc-specific survival.
conclusions : statin use was not associated with reduced mortality among crc patients.
effects reported in previous studies might reflect incomplete control for stage at diagnosis and other factors associated with the use of statins.
understanding how and when cognitive change occurs over the life span is a prerequisite for understanding normal and abnormal development and aging.
here , we present convergent evidence from @number@ online participants and a comprehensive analysis of normative data from standardized iq and memory tests.
these findings motivate a nuanced theory of maturation and age-related decline , in which multiple , dissociable factors differentially affect different domains of cognition.
background : leucocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is a complex trait associated with ageing and longevity.
ltl dynamics are defined by ltl and its age-dependent attrition.
strong , but indirect evidence suggests that ltl at birth and its attrition during childhood largely explains interindividual ltl variation among adults.
a number of studies have estimated the heritability of ltl , but none has assessed the heritability of age-dependent ltl attrition.
heritability of age-dependent ltl attrition rate was estimated at @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
conclusions : this is the first study that estimated heritability of ltl and also its age-dependent attrition.
foot pressure increased in lesser toe ( lt ) right after crossing the obstacle ( p < 0.05 ) .
less evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of such exercises to improve metabolic risk factors for age related conditions.
this study aimed to compare the effects of mct and rt programs on metabolic health parameters in healthy elderly.
methods : twenty one and @number@ subjects completed a 12-week mct and rt program respectively.
circulating concentrations of epidermal growth factor increased significantly in the mct group from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ pg / ml.
no other biochemical parameter was significantly altered within either group.
the mct program improved results of functional tests including chair stand and habitual walking speed.
in this exploratory study , we examined the neural correlates of affective and cognitive empathy in older adults.
thirty older adults ( m = 79 years ) underwent fmri scanning and neuropsychological testing and completed a test of affective and cognitive empathy.
the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis exacerbate in the second half of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women when the serum estradiol level is elevated.
estradiol has been shown to inhibit th17 differentiation and production of antifungal il-17 cytokines.
however , little is known about the mechanisms.
in the present study , we used mouse splenocytes and found that estradiol inhibited th17 differentiation through downregulation of rorγt mrna and protein expression.
estradiol activated estrogen receptor ( er ) α to recruit repressor of estrogen receptor activity ( rea ) and form the erα / rea complex.
this complex bound to three estrogen response element ( ere ) half-sites on the rorγt promoter region to suppress rorγt expression.
estradiol induced rea mrna and protein expression in mouse splenocytes.
using rea small interfering rna to knock down rea expression enhanced rorγt expression and th17 differentiation.
alternatively , histone deacetylase @number@ and @number@ bound to the three ere half-sites , independent of estradiol.
histone deacetylase inhibitor ms-275 dose- and time-dependently increased rorγt expression and subsequently enhanced th17 differentiation.
this study suggests that the estradiol / erα / rea axis may be a feasible target in the management of recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
purpose : to analyze the influence of corneal thickness profile on posterior corneal astigmatism ( pa ) .
design : prospective , observational study.
methods : anterior and posterior corneal topography were evaluated using 3-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
main outcome measures : corneal thickness distribution and the difference between assumed and actual pa.
such discrepancy is more prominent in older patients.
background : return to productive employment is often an important milestone in the recovery and rehabilitation process after liver transplantation ( olt ) .
this literature review identifies factors associated with employment in patients who underwent olt.
methods : we searched pubmed for articles that addressed the various factors affecting employment after olt.
results : the studies demonstrated improvement in the quality of life and examined factors that predicted whether patients would return to work after olt.
demographic variable associated with posttransplant employment included young age , male sex , college degree , caucasian race , and pretransplant employment.
patients with alcohol-related liver disease had a significantly lower rate of employment than did those with other etiologies of liver disease.
recipients who were employed after transplantation had a significantly better posttransplant functional status than did those who were not employed.
conclusion : economic pressures are increasing the expectation that patients who undergo successful olt will return to work.
specific interventions for olt recipients should be designed to evaluate and change their health perceptions and encourage their return to work.
our recent work in mouse and guinea pig has challenged that view.
similarly , in age-related hearing loss , degeneration of cochlear synapses precedes both hair cell loss and threshold elevation.
this article is part of a special issue entitled < auditory synaptology > .
most rnas transcribed in mammalian cells lack protein-coding sequences.
among them is a vast family of long ( > 200 nt ) noncoding ( lnc ) rnas.
given the broad impact of lncrnas on gene regulation , there is escalating interest in elucidating the mechanisms that govern the steady-state levels of lncrnas.
in this review , we summarize our current knowledge of the factors and mechanisms that modulate mammalian lncrna stability.
notwithstanding , no correlation was found between telomerase activity and subtypes of rcc.
alt associated pml bodies containing pml protein was found in telomerase negative cases of rcc.
in conclusion , the telomerase activity and telomere length can be used as a diagnostic as well as a predictive marker in rcc.
here we address two reasons conventional spectral analyses may have led to inconsistent results.
second , conventional methods do not clearly differentiate power due to rhythmic versus non-rhythmic activity.
there was little theta-band activity meeting the bosc method's criteria , suggesting prior findings of theta power in healthy aging may reflect non-rhythmic signal.
in contrast , delta oscillations were present at higher levels than theta in both age groups.
background : air pollution has been related to mean changes in outcomes , including dna methylation.
however , mean regression analyses may not capture associations that occur primarily in the tails of the outcome distribution.
objectives : in this study , we examined whether the association between particulate air pollution and dna methylation differs across quantiles of the methylation distribution.
methods : we measured gene-specific blood dna methylation repeatedly in @number@ elderly men participating in the normative aging study ( 1999-2010 ) .
neurally mediated syncope ( nms ) patients suffer from sudden loss of consciousness , which is associated with a high rate of falls and hospitalization.
nms negatively impacts a subject's quality of life and is a growing cost issue in our aging society , as its incidence increases with age.
the proposed algorithm was evaluated in a population of @number@ subjects.
material was samples of hypophysis and psoas major muscle of @number@ cadavers of both genders , aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
adenohypophyseal and psoas major tissue sections were immunohistochemically processed and stained by anti-human growth hormone and anti-fast myosin antibodies , respectively.
morphometric analysis was performed by imagej.
results of morphometric analysis showed a significant increase in the somatotrope area , and significant decrease in somatotrope volume density and nucleocytoplasmic ratio with age.
cross-sectional areas of types @number@ and @number@ and volume density of type @number@ muscle fibers decreased significantly with age.
significant positive correlation was observed between the area of the somatotropes and volume density of type @number@ muscle fibers.
a significant negative correlation was detected between the nucleocytoplasmic ratio of the somatotropes and cross-sectional areas of types @number@ and @number@ muscle fibers.
one task assesses the preference using nine presentations of objects ; the other uses @number@ presentations.
the seven monthly assessments provided by the two tasks also were examined for latent classes in their developmental trajectories.
the two tasks were significantly different for both their identification of latent classes and their monthly classification of the infant's hand-use preference.
both tasks revealed that a large proportion of infants are still developing a hand-use preference during this age period.
recommendations are made for examining the development of hand-use preferences and their relation to the development of other neuropsychological functions.
recent findings : autophagy is directly involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass.
thus , excessive autophagy is associated with several diseases that cause muscle wasting , and it promotes the loss of muscle protein.
furthermore , compromised autophagy also leads to muscle atrophy.
in this regard , tp53inp2 activates autophagy in skeletal muscle , thus causing a reduction in muscle mass.
moreover , tp53inp2 gain of function enhances muscle wasting in a highly catabolic context such as in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
however , tp53inp2 is naturally repressed in human insulin resistance and in murine models of diabetes.
these observations suggest that tp53inp2 repression would reduce muscle atrophy under conditions that favor protein loss in skeletal muscle.
summary : to date , there is no effective treatment for muscle wasting.
thus , the identification of new putative pharmacological targets to effectively treat this devastating condition is crucial.
demographic characteristics , surgery-related factors , and results of comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) were all used to develop the prediction model.
method : age group differences and correlations with age were examined , as were associations among age , sensory processing , and cognition.
correlations of performance with age were also significant when analyses were restricted to just the young and middle-aged adults.
conclusion : middle-aged adults experienced declines in both sensory and cognitive processing.
results : the great majority of subjects had used a mobile phone ( @percent@ ) but few currently owned one ( @percent@ ) .
a total of @percent@ of participants reported being comfortable with mobile phones , but comfort was not associated with any cognitive or functional outcomes.
purpose : the purpose of this article is to introduce the special research forum on sensory-processing changes in middle-aged adults.
conclusion : deficits in both temporal envelope and temporal fine structure processing are evident during middle age even while audiometric hearing sensitivity remains normal.
background : standing balance is imperative for mobility and avoiding falls.
use of an excessive number of standing balance measures has limited the synthesis of balance intervention data and hampered consistent clinical practice.
objective : to develop recommendations for a core outcome set ( cos ) of standing balance measures for research and practice among adults.
consensus was sought over three rounds using pre-established criteria.
results : fifteen measures were excluded after the first round of scoring and a further @number@ after round two.
five measures were considered in round three.
limitations : inclusion of two measures in the cos may increase the feasibility of potential uptake , but poses challenges for data synthesis.
conclusions : the absence of a gold standard for measuring standing balance has contributed to the proliferation of outcome measures.
method : in this article , the author reports on both cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in listening comprehension.
these results are discussed with respect to possible compensatory factors that maintain listening comprehension despite impaired hearing and reduced cognitive capacities.
current methods of olfactory sensitivity testing are logistically challenging and therefore infeasible for use in in-home surveys and other field settings.
we validated our method via computer simulation together with a model estimated from @number@ normosmics.
our results replicate both the correlation between the two methods and their reliability as previously reported by studies using human subjects.
further simulations evaluated the reliability of different constant stimuli protocols , varying both the range of dilutions and number of stimuli ( 6-16 ) .
six appropriately chosen dilutions were sufficient for good reliability ( @number@ ) in normosmic subjects.
thus , testing with a fast , 6-item constant stimuli protocol is informative , and permits olfactory testing in previously inaccessible research settings.
method : the performance of middle-aged adults on laboratory-based speech understanding tasks was compared to that of younger and older adults.
results : decline in the ability to understand speech in complex listening environments can be demonstrated in midlife.
the specific auditory and cognitive contributors to these problems have yet to be established.
the nature and impact of these changes warrant further investigation.
this ability is found to be impaired in normal ageing.
our work aimed to link this deterioration to the decline in theory of mind.
they also performed the false-belief test addressing cognitive theory of mind and the reading the mind in the eyes test addressing affective theory of mind.
results showed significant deterioration in destination memory , cognitive theory of mind and affective theory of mind in the older adults.
the older adults ' performance on destination memory was significantly correlated with and predicted by their performance on cognitive theory of mind.
difficulties in the ability to interpret and predict others ' mental states are related to destination memory decline in older adults.
however , previous studies on grey matter abnormalities in relatives have produced inconsistent results.
results : we included @number@ siblings and @number@ controls in our study.
the results showed that siblings and controls did not differ significantly on grey matter volume or concentration.
furthermore , specifically selecting participants based on age , genetic loading or subclinical psychotic symptoms did not alter these findings.
limitations : the main limitation was that subdividing the sample resulted in smaller samples for the subanalyses.
furthermore , we used mri data from @number@ different scanner sites.
conclusion : these results indicate that grey matter measured through vbm might not be a suitable endophenotype for schizophrenia.
in this study , we assessed the association between plasma hsp 70 / 27 levels and cognitive decline.
conclusions : these findings suggest that the plasma hsp @number@ level may be related to cognitive decline in the elderly.
facial skin ageing is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms.
intrinsic ageing is highly related to chronological age.
age related skin changes can be measured using clinical and biophysical methods.
twenty-four female subjects of three age groups were enrolled.
pearson's correlations and linear regression models adjusted for age were calculated.
chronological age as surrogate marker for intrinsic ageing has the most important influence on most facial skin ageing signs.
changes in skin elasticity , wrinkling , sagging , and yellowness seem to be caused by additional extrinsic ageing.
the rt program comprised eight exercises in which the participants performed one set of 10-15 repetitions maximum for a period of @number@ weeks.
anthropometric , body-composition , and flexibility measurements were made at baseline and post-study.
the flexibility measurements were obtained by a fleximeter.
purpose : it is a known fact that age is a strong predictor of adverse events in acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) .
in this context , the main risk factor in elderly patients , ie , frailty syndrome , gains special importance.
the availability of tools to identify frail people is relevant for both research and clinical purposes.
the patients were admitted with acs.
st segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-st segment elevation myocardial infarction were defined by the presence of certain conditions in reference to the literature.
stronger correlations were observed for mental components and the mental scales turned out to be independently related to the tfi in a multidimensional analysis.
objective : non-valvular atrial fibrillation ( nvaf ) is one common arrhythmia in the elderly.
however , use of antithrombotic therapy in this population is not well known in the people's republic of china.
this study aimed at investigating antithrombotic therapy status in elderly patients with nvaf in our hospital.
methods : a cross-sectional study of consecutive geriatric patients aged ≥60 years with nvaf who discharged from our hospital between @date@ and @date@ were collected.
the proportion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( persistent or permanent ) patients were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : oat in elderly patients with nvaf in our hospital is underused , especially in those patients with higher risk of stroke.
the purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiological evidence underpinning the association between blood pressure and a range of conditions.
this review focuses on the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease.
in addition , global and regional trends in blood pressure levels and management of hypertension are reviewed.
objective : to help family physicians better recognize frailty and its implications for managing elderly patients.
sources of information : pubmed-medline was searched from @number@ to @number@
main message : frailty is common , particularly in elderly persons with complex chronic conditions such as heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
emerging evidence demonstrates the value of frailty as a predictor of adverse outcomes in older persons.
recognition of frailty might also help identify and optimize the management of coexisting conditions that might contribute to or be affected by frailty.
further research should be directed at identifying feasible and effective ways to appropriately assess and manage these vulnerable patients at the primary care level.
conclusion : despite its importance , little attention has been given to the concept of frailty in family medicine.
for primary care physicians , recognition of frailty might help them provide appropriate counseling to patients and family members about the risks of medical interventions.
this qualitative descriptive study explored np graduate perceptions on the adequacy of their education to prepare them to care for seniors.
methods : twenty-three graduates of np program options at two universities in the western u.s. participated in focus group discussions or interviews.
participants shared their perceptions of their np educational preparation and suggestions for enhancing gerontologic curriculum.
implications for practice : graduates identified a need for more educational content and clinical experiences specific to the care of older adults.
some suggested a postgraduate residency or mentoring option to assist np role transition and progression and limit role confusion.
methods : a sample of @number@ participants age @number@ to @number@ years without frailty or disability at baseline was followed for @number@ years.
results : during follow-up , @number@ participants developed cvd.
conclusions : our findings suggest that pre-frailty , which is potentially reversible , is independently associated with a higher risk of older adults developing cvd.
among the physical domains of pre-frailty , low gait speed seems to be the best predictor of future cvd.
group differences in ( @number@ ) c-pbr28 binding were compared using @number@ methods.
the suvr method is expected to improve subject tolerability by allowing shorter scanning time and not requiring arterial catheterization.
in addition , this ratio method allows smaller sample sizes for comparable statistical significance because of the relatively low variability of the ratio values.
of @number@ patients in the cohort , a total of @number@ met the criteria and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified in the low-cd4 group.
in beta band , decrease of connectivity upon eyes opening was more pronounced in younger than in older participants.
the overall number of nodes identified as hubs in posterior cortical regions decreased in older participants.
these findings show that normal aging mostly affects interactions in beta band , which are probably involved in attentional processes.
they were more likely to smoke , have lung and heart disease , and report fair or poor general health status.
among those reporting disability , mobile home dwellers had fewer bathroom safety modifications.
background : sirt1 , which belongs to the sirtuin family of nad-dependent enzymes , plays diverse roles in aging , metabolism , and disease biology.
it could regulate cell survival and has been shown to be a protective factor in heart function.
hence , we verified the mechanism by which sirt1 regulates doxorubicin induced cardiomyocyte injury in vivo and in vitro.
methods : we analyzed sirt1 expression in doxorubicin-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte injury model and adult mouse heart failure model.
sirt1 was over-expressed in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte by adenovirus mediated gene transfer.
sirt1 agonist resveratrol was used to treat the doxorubicin-induced heart failure mouse model.
results : sirt1 expression was down-regulated in doxorubicin induced cardiomocyte injury , accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
sirt1 over-expression reduced doxorubicin induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis with the attenuated ros production.
sirt1 also reduced cell apoptosis by inhibition of p38mapk phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation.
the sirt1 agonist resveratrol was able to prevent doxorubicin-induced heart function loss.
moreover , the sirt1 inhibitor niacinamide could reverse sirt1's protective effect in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
objective : clinical studies indicate increased risk for depression and anxiety among tinnitus patients.
however population data are scarce , and no studies have controlled for neuroticism.
design : we used the uk biobank resource.
study sample : @number@ @number@ participants answered hearing questions.
results : using generalized linear modelling , we examined associations between tinnitus ( mild to severe ) and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
conclusions : although it is not possible to determine whether tinnitus is a predisposing factor to depression , these results suggest an association.
we suggest further exploration to determine the clinical significance of this association.
likewise , with tinnitus patients , assessment for anxiety / depression should be considered.
the elevated cers6 activity resulted in accumulation of the pro-apoptotic c16 : @number@ ceramide , which facilitates the mitochondrial apoptosis in response to oxidative stress.
accordingly , inhibition of cers6 or its specific knockdown diminished the increased susceptibility of cox-deficient cells to oxidative stress.
our results provide new insights into how mitochondrial rc dysfunction mechanistically interferes with the apoptotic machinery.
there was a gradual increase in the wear rate below an oxidation index of @number@ and a drastic increase thereafter.
therefore , it was shown in a simulated environment that oxidation can have detrimental effects to the clinically relevant properties of irradiated and melted uhmwpes.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) and normal aging have been associated with changes in visual perception , including reliance on external cues to guide behavior.
this raises the question of the extent to which these groups use visual cues when disambiguating information.
the hypothesis was that the visual cues would help pd and nc to exert better control over bistable perception.
in the hold condition , the cue was either consistent or inconsistent with task instructions.
mean dominance durations ( time spent on each percept ) under passive viewing were comparable in pd and nc , and shorter in ya.
data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.
ga was conducted before ( @percent@ ) , during ( @percent@ ) , or after ( @percent@ ) treatment.
the dba / 2j strain is a model for early-onset , progressive hearing loss in humans , as confirmed in the present study.
therefore , our results suggested that frequency-specific qtls control early-onset hearing loss in dba / 2j mice.
thymic involution during aging is a major reason for the decreased production of naive t cells and reduced immunity.
specifically , the signaling mediated by cytokines and hormones secreted by tecs declines during aging.
many therapies based on the manipulation of growth factors and hormones have succeeded in partially recovering the lymphoid compartment and promoting thymic function.
however , considering that aging-induced thymic involution is multifactorial , the thymic reestablishment achieved with treatments that target isolated pathways is incomplete and transitory.
combined approaches targeting both tecs and lymphoid cells will provide a potentially more effective strategy for sustained rejuvenation of the thymus.
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) affects mainly women during their childbearing years.
as aging of childbirth advances in japan , women who plan pregnancy would increase after they developed ra.
recent findings showed that high disease activity of ra might impair fertility.
planning pregnancy is preferable after female patients achive and maintain low disease activity or remission of ra.
data of ra patients exposed tnf inhibitors during pregnancy has been accumulating in recent years.
these data suggest that increased risk of spontaneous abortion and congenital abnomalies has not been observed.
tnf inhibitors may be an useful tools for management of active ra resistant to conventional dmards in women who desire to bear children.
all individuals were seeking specialized evaluation because of memory complaints.
diagnoses were made by considering clinical , neuropsychological , and mri assessments collected by a multidisciplinary team of neurologists , neuropsychologists , and speech-language therapists.
a total of @number@ individuals were classified as clinical controls ; @number@ as mci patients ; and @number@ as having ad dementia.
all individuals in the ad group had a clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) ≤ @number@
results : immediate recall was only able to distinguish ad subjects from mci patients and clinical controls ( p > @number@ ) .
the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aging and acid reflux on esophageal motility.
lower esophageal sphincter pressure ( lesp ) , primary peristalsis ( pp ) , and secondary peristalsis ( sp ) were evaluated.
the primary purpose of this study was to examine age differences in processing strategies of emotionally difficult trade-off decisions.
in addition , the study tested the relevant contributions of the cognitive and emotional mechanisms to age differences in processing strategies.
mouselabweb software was used to trace participants ' processing strategies.
in the low-emotion condition , on the other hand , both younger and older adults preferred to use alternative-based processing strategies.
objectives : identifying factors associated with cognitive limitations among older adults has become a major public health objective.
the association between negative marital experiences and cognitive limitations is similar for men and women.
methods : twenty-three gps from england were interviewed by telephone.
data were analyzed by means of content analysis.
gps ' perceptions of dementia mapped onto current conceptualizations of stigma.
perceptions about dementia that were linked to their own existential anxiety and to a perceived similarity between people with dementia and themselves were particularly salient.
gps perceived dementia as a stigma which was gradually being overcome but that stigma still hindered timely diagnosis.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a complex , irreversible neurodegenerative disorder.
at present there are neither reliable markers to diagnose ad at an early stage nor therapy.
to investigate underlying disease mechanisms , induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) allow the generation of patient-derived neuronal cells in a dish.
we detected the expression of p-tau and gsk3b , a physiological kinase of tau , in neuronal cells derived from ad-ipscs.
treatment of neuronal cells differentiated from ad-ipscs with an inhibitor of γ-secretase resulted in the down-regulation of p-tau.
the neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model.
background and objectives : blood products have a vital role in saving many patients ' lives.
the aim of this study was to analyse blood donor return behaviour.
results : successful return to donation rated at 49·1% and the deferral rate was 13·3%.
there was a significant reverse relationship between the frequency of return to donation and the time interval between donations.
age , weight and job had a significant effect on the time intervals between donations.
conclusion : aging decreases the chances of return to donation and increases the time interval between donations.
there is a positive correlation between the frequency of donations in the first year and the total number of return to donations.
also , the shorter the time interval between donations is , the higher the frequency of donations.
the significant differences in these coefficients suggest the possibility of using the proposed method for the purpose of identification expertise.
the study revealed the significant difference between the number of the renal glomeruli in the subjects under and above @number@ year old.
the total number of acii sites in the analyzed fragments ranged from @number@ to @number@ for different genes.
no similar trend was found for other genes.
the chinese society is rapidly aging.
as a result , curbing the aging process and preventing cognitive decline associated with aging are increasingly important.
life-style change is a method that could achieve such a goal with relatively good reproducibility and low cost.
for future studies , improvement in the following aspects is needed : more rigorous study design and inclusion of multiple factors and their interaction.
evidence shows that aging is closely related to mitochondrial decay and redox imbalance.
therefore , mitochondrion may be the most important determinant of life span.
increasing evidence demonstrates that long-term aerobic exercise could prevent age-related diseases and improve life quality of aged people.
exercise may possibly stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and phase ii antioxidant defense system to regulate mitochondrial function and balance of redox system.
therefore , regular aerobic exercise may prevent age-related diseases , increase life quality and prolong life span through regulation of mitochondrial function and redox balance.
along with rapid advances in human genomics , policies governing genomic data and clinical technologies have proliferated.
stakeholder engagement is widely lauded as an important methodology for improving clinical , scientific , and public health policy decision making.
we focus on exemplars in biobanking and newborn screening to illustrate a variety of current stakeholder engagement in policy-making efforts.
each setting provides an important context for examining the methods of obtaining and integrating informed stakeholder voices into the policy-making process.
stakeholder engagement in genomics policy development is still at a nascent stage.
interviews were transcribed and analysed by a coding team , applying the concept of illness coherence from the common sense model of self-regulation.
results : the majority of participants relied on smbg to evaluate their self-management efforts.
purpose : older adults in prison present a significant health and human rights challenge for the criminal justice system.
to date , there is no known study that provides a comprehensive examination or portrait of older persons in prison.
the true grit program is presented as an example of a humanistic and holistic approach of such an approach.
the most common form of beec is isolated classic bladder exstrophy ( cbe ) .
here , an association was found with a region of approximately 220kb on chromosome 5q11.1.
this region harbors the isl1 ( isl lim homeobox @number@ ) gene.
multiple markers in this region showed evidence for association with cbe , including @number@ markers with genome-wide significance.
we then performed a meta-analysis using data from a previous gwas by our group of @number@ cbe patients and @number@ controls of european origin.
this meta-analysis also implicated the 5q11.1 locus in cbe risk.
no other locus in the meta-analysis achieved genome-wide significance.
we then performed murine expression analyses to follow up this finding.
here , isl1 expression was detected in the genital region within the critical time frame for human cbe development.
genital regions with isl1 expression included the peri-cloacal mesenchyme and the urorectal septum.
facial aging can create an appearance of volume loss and responds to volume enhancement in certain clinical scenarios.
actual fat loss is an illusion created by the inter-relationship of the different tissue types.
other than autologous fat and certain preformed implants , the collagen family products were the only food and drug administration approved soft tissue fillers.
facial volume loss has become widely accepted as one of the contributing factors in global facial aging.
although detractors of autologous fat transfer persist , facial autologous fat transfer has become widely utilized as one option for volume restoration.
various techniques in harvesting , processing , and injecting autologous fat have been debated at length without clear guidelines emerging to maximize outcomes.
this article aims to present one surgeon's experience in successful fat grafting philosophy and technique.
areas covered will include preparation , harvesting , processing , and injection techniques.
volume restoration has become a cornerstone in facial rejuvenation.
this article focuses on the aesthetic concepts of volume loss and how to restore volume to mimic nature.
the concept of evolving facial shape from a circle , to an upright triangle , to a square , to an inverted triangle is covered.
little model of the inverted egg shape is also proposed.
the benefit of restoring an outer facial frame , periorbital frame , and perioral frame is elaborated.
lip volumization is also briefly covered.
finally , understanding the role of highlights and shadows on the impact of aging is addressed.
the volumetric techniques of injectable fillers and autologous fat transfer are an important tool in the treatment of facial aging.
rapid widespread adoption has outpaced a sophisticated understanding of the goals of volume rejuvenation.
the development of shadows and shadow patterns are the fundamental changes that occur with volumetric facial aging.
a detailed examination of these shadows will lead to an understanding of how to apply volumetric techniques to create natural appearing results.
traditional views on facial aging and associated therapies focused on soft tissue descent and skin texture changes.
recently , revolumization for age-related lipoatrophy has become increasingly popular.
researchers are now reporting objective studies examining processes of structural and volumetric changes with age in increasing frequency as well.
to better understand and treat facial aging , the surgeon should review all available data.
presented here are current evidence-based studies regarding age-related changes in the facial skeleton and soft tissue envelope.
methods : we searched pubmed , embase , psycinfo , cinahl , web of science , medline , and the cochrane library.
results : of the @number@ references retrieved as a result of our search , six studies met inclusion criteria.
rates of patient-reported ad completion ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ , while ads were available to ed personnel for @percent@ to @percent@ of patients.
patients aged ≥65 years had ads @percent@ to @percent@ of the time.
conclusions : published rates of ad completion vary widely among patients presenting to u.s. eds.
patient sociodemographic and health status factors are associated with increased rates of ad completion , though rates are low for all populations.
background : increased epicardial fat volume ( efv ) has been shown to be associated with coronary atherosclerosis.
while it is postulated to be an independent risk factor , a possible mechanism is local or systemic inflammation.
we analyzed the relationship between coronary atherosclerosis , quantified by coronary calcium in ct , epicardial fat volume and systemic inflammation.
in @number@ patients follow-up data were obtained after @number@ ± @number@ years.
results : the @number@ patients had a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years , and @number@ % were males.
mean efv was @number@ ± @number@ ml.
median cac was @number@ ( iqr @number@ @number@ ) .
cac and efv showed a significant correlation ( ρ = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
efv and cac were significantly correlated with the traditional risk factors like age , male gender , diabetes , smoking and hypertension.
with regard to biomarkers , cac was significantly associated ( negatively ) to g-csf and il-13.
conclusion : epicardial fat volume and the baseline extent as well as progression of coronary atherosclerosis-measured by the calcium score-are significantly correlated.
while both baseline efv and cac displayed significant correlations with systemic inflammation markers , biomarkers were not predictive of the progression of cac or efv.
purpose : clinical studies have reported a correlation between pelvic ischemia and voiding dysfunction in elderly men.
we developed a rabbit model of chronic prostate ischemia by creating aorto-iliac arterial atherosclerosis.
markers of oxidative stress were examined by using fluorometric analysis and enzyme immunoassay.
prostate structure was examined by using masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) .
results : lipid peroxidation was found in smcs exposed to hypoxia and in all cell types exposed to oxidative stress.
we identified protein oxidation in ecs exposed to hypoxia and in all cell types exposed to oxidative stress.
markers indicating oxidative damage were present in chronically ischemic rabbit prostate tissue.
these reactions were associated with dna damage.
prostate ischemia resulted in epithelial atrophy , loss of smooth muscle , and diffuse fibrosis.
tem showed swollen mitochondria with degraded cristae , loss of membrane , loss of golgi bodies , degenerated nerves , and disrupted cell-to-cell junctions.
conclusions : human prostate cells exhibited differential reactions to hypoxia and oxidative stress with widespread dna damage.
structural modifications in ischemic prostate tissue were similar to those in cells exposed to oxidative stress.
structural changes due to ischemia and oxidative stress may contribute to prostatic noncompliance in aging men.
educational influence on cognitive performance has been extensively agreed in neuropsychology.
the wais-iii information subtest is proposed here to measure this influence at old age.
ninety-five older adults were divided according to their educational attainment and their information subtest score , and completed extensive neuropsychological assessment.
performance on the information subtest had a significant effect on all same cognitive functions as educational attainment , but also on additional domains.
moreover , cognitive performance on several tasks can be classified in three levels as a function of information score.
eleven motor performances were summarized into a previously described global motor score.
wmh volume was expressed as percent of intracranial volume.
terms for total daily physical activity and its interaction with wmh volume were then added to the model.
total daily activity modified the association between wmh and motor function ( p = @number@ ) .
wmh burden was not associated with motor function in persons with high activity ( 90th percentile ) .
conclusions : higher levels of physical activity may reduce the effect of wmh burden on motor function in healthy older adults.
the paper summarizes literature data on the importance of oxidative stress as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in alzheimer's disease.
the paper describes the main specific and nonspecific ways of reactive oxygen species generation in the course of the disease development.
the effect of reactive oxygen species generated by the functional activity of cells , i.e. apoptosis and mitotic cycle , is shown.
dentin in permanent teeth rarely undergoes resorption in development , homeostasis , or aging , in contrast to bone that undergoes periodic resorption / remodeling.
the authors hypothesized that cells in the mesenchymal compartment of dental pulp attenuate osteoclastogenesis.
strikingly , dpcs attenuated osteoclastogenesis when cocultured with primary splenocytes , whereas abcs slightly but significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis.
vitamin d3 significantly promoted rankl expression in abcs and opg in dpcs.
after @number@ wk , multiple dentin / root resorption lacunae were present in root dentin with robust rankl and opg expression.
their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis , x-ray diffraction , and density functional theory calculations.
this article is part of a special issue \ "estradiol and cognition \ ".
this review discusses the unique contribution of nonhuman primate research to our understanding of the neurocognitive effects of estrogens throughout the adult lifespan in females.
in addition , estrogens may also influence cognitive function indirectly , via the modulation of other systems that impact cognition.
we will focus on the effects of estrogens on sleep and emphasize the need for primate models to better understand these complex interactions.
continued research with nonhuman primates is essential for the development of therapies that are optimal for the maintenance of women's cognitive health throughout the lifespan.
cognitive rehabilitation and physical therapy are the mainstays of dementia treatment , although often ineffective because of the scarce collaboration of the patients.
however , emerging data suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment , mainly vad , in older people living independently.
background : andropause is a middle-age condition in which men experience changes in their physical , spiritual and emotional health.
the association between andropause and psychological symptoms such as depression are not very clear yet.
methods : a cross sectional study was conducted among @number@ old men.
multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between andropause symptoms and depression.
there was a strong correlation between the ams score and depression.
as a positive predictive factor , depression had the strongest association with ams.
discussion : our results show the need of screening for depression when evaluating andropause symptoms.
according to the latest recommendations , adults should exercise regularly at moderate intensity to improve aerobic fitness and body composition.
however , it is unknown whether aerobic exercise at submaximal intensity has detrimental effects on balance in older sedentary adults.
we used kinematic stabilometric parameters , recurrence quantification analysis ( rqa ) and the central tendency measure ( ctm ) .
we refer to the measures obtained through rqa and ctm methods by dynamical measures.
methods : this is a cross-sectional population-based study in an urban area with a population of over @number@
we sampled 1 / 100 of the elderly population.
frailty prevalence was assessed with a modified version of the ffi and frail scale.
nutritional status was assessed by mini nutritional assessment.
cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination.
depressive mood was assessed by gds.
functional capacity was assessed by the instrumental activities of daily living scale.
falls and fear of falling were noted.
uni- and multivariate analyses were done to determine associated factors for frailty.
coexisting associated factors related with frailty in both models were found as depressive mood , cognitive impairment , and malnutrition in multivariate analysis.
the cd33 single-nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) rs3865444 has been associated with the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we seek to evaluate the extent to which cd33 genetics in ad and aml can inform one another and advance human disease therapy.
we have previously shown that these snps are associated with skipping of cd33 exon @number@ in brain mrna.
each copy of the minor rs12459419t allele decreases prototypic full-length cd33 expression by ∼ @percent@ and decreases the ad odds ratio by ∼ @number@
these results suggest that cd33 antagonists may be useful in reducing ad risk.
cd33 inhibitors may include humanized cd33 antibodies such as lintuzumab which was safe but ineffective in aml clinical trials.
design : high-resolution ( 99m ) tc-hmpao spect imaging during wakeful rest.
setting : research sleep laboratory affiliated with a university hospital.
higher apnea , microarousal , and body mass indexes were correlated to increased rcbf in the basal ganglia , insula , and limbic system.
interestingly , osa severity , sleep fragmentation , and obesity correlated with increased perfusion in subcortical and medial cortical regions.
background : weight gain after antiretroviral therapy ( art ) initiation is common , but its implication for mortality is unknown.
we evaluated weight change in the first year after art initiation and its association with subsequent mortality.
we used multivariable cox models to assess mortality risk with adjustment for disease severity using the vacs index.
results : the sample consisted of @number@ men and @number@ women with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years.
weight gain after art initiation was associated with lower mortality among underweight and normal-weight patients.
baseline weight , cd4 cell count status , and hemoglobin level were strongly associated with weight gain.
risk for weight gain was higher among those with greater disease severity , regardless of weight at initiation.
conclusions : the survival benefits of weight gain after art initiation are dependent on starting bmi.
weight gain after art is associated with lower mortality for those who are not initially overweight.
we prospectively assessed long-term art effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging men with loh in japan.
the primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires.
there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events.
we hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.
differences in body composition are associated with increased disease risk in various stages of life.
the primary goal of this review is to determine if there are body composition methods that can accurately track body composition from infancy into adulthood.
interestingly , some of the identified recruiting steps take place in the nucleus.
finally , we suggest that u6 snrna copies can serve as markers of l1 retrotransposition dynamics in mammalian genomes.
homozygosity for the common nonsense polymorphism r577x in the α-actinin-3 gene ( actn3 ) causes complete α-actinin-3 deficiency in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers.
this study investigated whether the actn3 r577x polymorphism affects fitness status using a battery of tests in a large japanese cohort.
all subjects were divided into @number@ groups based on their age ( < 55 years and ≥55 years ) .
the actn3 r577x genotype accounted for @percent@ of the variability in the results of the chair stand test among men in the ≥55 age group.
no significant difference was noted for hand grip strength or 8-foot walking time.
thus , our results suggest that the actn3 r577x genotype is associated with lower-extremity muscle function in the japanese population.
purpose : the purpose was to determine if the airways and lungs grow disproportionately from pre- to post-puberty in boys and girls.
static pressure at @number@ % of fvc [ pst ( l ) 50 % ] was estimated based on age.
maturation status was determined via tanner stages.
fef50 and fvc significantly increased and dr decreased ( p < @number@ ) post-puberty for both sexes.
conclusions : these data suggest that dysanaptic growth occurs during puberty and that it is not different between boys and girls.
expression levels of genes encoding specific transcription factors and other functionally important proteins vary upon aging of pancreatic and bronchial epithelium cell cultures.
the peptides kedw and aedl tissue-specifically affect gene expression in pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures , respectively.
thus , stable changes in gene expression upon aging of cell cultures could be caused by changes in their promoter methylation patterns.
the promoter region of the foxa2 gene is completely unmethylated in bronchial cells irrespective of cell culture age and aedl action.
feedback-based learning declines with age.
the literature documents mixed results , due possibly to variability between studies in task design.
in the current series of studies , we investigated the influence of feedback valence on reinforcement learning in young and older adults.
in most experiments , older adults benefitted more from positive than negative feedback , but only with large feedback magnitudes.
positivity effects were pronounced for s-o learning , whereas s-r learning correlated with working-memory capacity in both age groups.
however , its effect on the anti-inflammatory activity in human dermal fibroblasts ( hdfs ) and the mechanism underlying this effect are unknown.
results : this study investigated the effects of ems on tnf-α-induced mmp-1 expression in hdfs.
our data show that ems inhibited tnf-α-induced mmp-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner.
interestingly , ems maintained iκb content without inhibiting the phosphorylation of mapks , which are well-established upstream kinases of nf-κb.
moreover , ems reduced the level of nuclear p65 protein in hdfs.
luciferase assay revealed that ems inhibits the transcriptional activity of nf-κb by stabilizing iκb.
our results show that ems exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting nf-κb-regulated genes such as il-1β and il-8.
moreover , ems effectively inhibited tnf-α-induced expression of mmp-1 via the nf-κb pathway.
conclusions : taken together , our data suggest that ems could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging treatment.
previous aging and cueing studies suggest that automatic orienting driven by peripheral cues is preserved with aging ; however , inconsistencies can be found.
square peripheral precues ( @number@ ms ) indicated likely target locations ( @percent@ valid ) across two or six locations ( set sizes ) .
these results suggest that attentional deficits from aging in peripheral cueing tasks may only arise as difficulty increases , such as larger set sizes.
heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) is a @number@ kda protein which catalyzes the breakdown of heme to free iron , carbon monoxide and biliverdin.
the hmox1 promoter contains numerous consensus sequences that render the gene exquisitely sensitive to induction by diverse pro-oxidant and inflammatory stimuli.
glial ho-1 expression may also impact neuroplasticity and cell survival by modulating brain sterol metabolism and the proteasomal degradation of neurotoxic proteins.
the first axis was associated with anemia , inflammation , and low levels of calcium and albumin.
integrated albunemia increases and accelerates with age in all populations , and predicts mortality and frailty but not chronic disease even after controlling for age.
this suggests a role in the aging process , though causality is not yet clear.
if this is correct , detection of this process has substantial implications for physiological organization more generally.
high blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor.
the prevalence of hypertension increases with aging.
as a consequence of changes in arterial wall that leads to arterial stiffness , the majority of elderly patients suffer isolated systolic hypertension.
the evidence strongly supports that hypertension in the elderly is associated with an increase in stroke risk and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
several trials have shown the benefits of treating hypertension in elderly patients.
however , most patients will need two or more drugs to reach the recommended goals.
calcium channel blockers have been shown to be effective in this condition in the elderly.
these drugs block l-type calcium channels , with the long-acting or latest generation dihydropyridines being the most effective of this group.
several studies , including syst-eur2 , nordil , and stop-2 , have demonstrated the effectiveness of these drugs in the geriatric patient.
the prescribing of long-acting calcium channel blocker drugs in a single dose is the most recommended.
data collected over a 30-year period have demonstrated the increasing prevalence of hypertension with age.
aging is an inevitable part of life and brings along two inconvenient events : physiologic decline and disease state.
high blood pressure ( hbp ) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , particularly in the elderly.
hypertension in the elderly patients represents a management dilemma to geriatric and cardiovascular specialists and other practitioners.
mitral regurgitation is one of the most prevalent valvular heart diseases and its prevalence is related to population aging.
elderly patients with age-associated co-morbidities have an increased risk for conventional mitral valve surgery.
transcatheter mitral valve repair has emerged as a feasible and safe alternative in patients with contraindications for surgery or high operative risk.
several transcatheter mitral repair technologies have been developed during the last decade.
not all technologies are suitable for all mitral anatomies and regurgitation mechanisms.
therefore , accurate evaluation of mitral valve anatomy and function are pivotal to the success of these therapies.
cardiac imaging plays a central role in selecting patients , guiding the procedure and evaluating the durability of the repair at follow-up.
recent findings : stem cells were long considered as a fountain of youth and were assumed to be equipped against any form of aging effect.
however , it is now clear that stem cells suffer the consequences of aging as well.
with the discovery that cardiac stem cells reside in the heart comes the question whether these cells are also impaired upon aging.
as cardiac stem cell properties are also altered with age , autologous stem cell-based therapy to treat heart failure will benefit from new improved strategies.
summary : with the goal to improve stem cell properties that are impaired upon aging , some strategies are highlighted.
post-menopause is the period of life where a deep decline occurs in circulating estrogen levels , inducing the appearance of psycho and somatic symptoms.
the diagnosis of menopause is established by the absence of menstruation for @number@ months or more.
it is generally accepted that the basal ganglia play an important role in interval timing that requires the measurement of temporal durations.
by contrast , the effect of aging was apparent in both conditions.
dynamic factors , such as increasing wealth or turning @number@ are associated with higher likelihood of ltci purchase.
the use of long-term care ( ltc ) is changing rapidly.
in the netherlands , rates of institutional ltc use are falling , whereas homecare use is growing.
are these changes attributable to declining disability rates , or has ltc use given disability changed ?
and have institutionalization rates fallen regardless of disability level , or has ltc use become better tailored to needs ?
elderly with mild disability are more likely to be treated at home than before , whereas severely disabled individuals continue to receive institutional ltc.
as a result , ltc use has become better tailored to the needs for such care.
objectives : the number of people who will require institutional care for dementia is rapidly rising.
this increase raises questions about how the workforce can meet the challenge of providing quality care.
a promising psychological concept that could improve staff and care recipient outcomes is staff sense of competence in their capacity to provide dementia care.
the purpose of this study was to elucidate the relative importance of staff factors associated with sense of competence.
method : sixty-one australian dementia care staff ( mostly nurses , @percent@ ; and allied health , @percent@ ) were recruited.
results : standard multiple regression revealed that @percent@ of the variance in sense of competence was explained by the combination of the four predictors.
attitudes and person-centred strategies each uniquely explained a moderate amount of variance , while training and knowledge were not significant predictors of sense of competence.
investing in strategies that address staff attitude and encourage person-centred care could influence sense of competence , and by extension , dementia care.
cartilage damage and / or aging effects can cause constant pain , which limits the patient's quality of life.
pellet size / shape was monitored with time.
overall , γ-pga improved chondrogenic differentiation of mscs , increasing ecm production earlier in culture.
it is proposed that γ-pga incorporation in novel biomaterials has a beneficial impact on future approaches for cartilage regeneration.
an aging population and epidemiological transition involves prolonged terminal illnesses and an increased demand for end-stage support in health services , mainly in hospitals.
changes in health care and government health policies may influence the death locations , making it possible to remain at home or in an institution.
an analysis was conducted into death locations in londrina in mortality information system ( sim ) considering the main causes and locations of death.
there was an increase of @percent@ in deaths among the population in general , though @percent@ for the population over @number@ years of age.
the predominance of hospital deaths was similar to other brazilian cities , albeit higher than in other countries.
objective : to estimate mortality rate by external causes in brazil.
the mortality rate reaches almost nine times higher among men comparably to women , being higher in north and northeast regions.
the risk is also higher among the youngest : @number@ for men and @number@ for women.
the main kind of death by external causes among men is aggressions , followed by transport accidents , the opposite of women.
ten frail aged adults ( frail group [ fg ] ) and ten young subjects ( young group [ yg ] ) performed the tug.
seven spatiotemporal parameters were extracted and compared between the two groups.
moreover , these parameters were plotted with tug test duration.
the trunk angle of the young subjects was more than two times higher than that of the fg.
as expected , the tug duration was higher in the fg than in yg.
trunk angles during both transfers were the most different parameters between the groups.
however , the bts trunk angle and sts ratio were more linked to functional capacities.
conclusion : there was a relationship between kinematic changes , representing the motor planning strategies , and physical frailty in these aged adults.
these changes should be taken into account in clinical practice.
background : sarcopenia , the decrease in muscle mass and function , may lead to various negative health outcomes in elderly.
the association among sarcopenia with adiposity and metabolic markers has rarely been studied in the elderly population , with controversial results.
the aim of this study is to evaluate this relationship in older subjects.
measurements of body composition were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
using canonical correlation analysis and structural equation modeling , an individual score of amp was created and correlated with rsmm.
results : the amp-rsmm correlation was equal to @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ to @number@ p < 0.001 ) .
hence , a negative association between sarcopenia severity and adiposity / metabolic biochemical markers was highlighted.
results shed light on the orientation and magnitude of adiposity and metabolic markers in preventing muscle mass loss.
there might be a protective effect of adiposity , compatible with the \ "obesity paradox. \ "
articular evaluation is part of physiotherapeutic assessment and helps in establishing a precise diagnosis and deciding appropriate therapy.
reference instruments are valid but not easy to use for some joints.
results : seventy-seven patients ( mean age @number@.5±6.4 years , sex ratio @number@ [ male / female ] ) were analyzed.
conclusion : this study shows the convenience of the mp-bv in terms of ease of use and of export of measured data.
however , this instrument seems less reliable and valuable compared to the reference instruments used to measure elbow range of motion in gerontology.
background : coronary spastic angina ( csa ) is a common disease among east asians , including japanese.
we examined whether csa is associated with the aldh2 2 genotype in japanese.
they were divided into csa ( @number@ patients ) and control groups ( @number@ patients ) .
aldh2 genotyping was performed by the direct application of the taqman polymerase chain reaction system on dried whole blood.
clinical and laboratory data were examined using conventional methods.
conclusions : east asian variant aldh2 2 genotypes and , hence , deficient aldh2 activity were associated with csa in japanese.
these data support further investigation of treatment targeting aldehydes for csa.
during the middle years of life , sleep becomes more fragile and its sensitivity to psychostimulants may increase.
this study evaluated the effects of @number@ mg and @number@ mg of caffeine on sleep in young and middle-aged adults.
compared to placebo , caffeine increased sleep latency , shortened total sleep duration and reduced sleep efficiency.
at the higher dose , these effects were more pronounced in middle-aged than in young adults.
there was no dose- or age-related modulation of the effects of caffeine on quantified electroencephalographic measures.
high plasma levels of apolipoprotein a-i ( apoa-i ) correlate with cardiovascular health , whereas dysfunctional apoa-i is a cause of atherosclerosis.
in the atherosclerotic plaques , amyloid deposition increases with aging.
notably , apoa-i is the main component of these amyloids.
recent studies identified high levels of oxidized lipid-free apoa-i in atherosclerotic plaques.
likely , myeloperoxidase ( mpo ) secreted by activated macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions is the promoter of such apoa-i oxidation.
both chemically and enzymatically oxidized apoa-i produced fibrillar amyloids after a few hours of incubation.
the amyloid fibrils were composed of full-length apoa-i with differential oxidation of the three methionines.
met to leu apoa-i variants were used to establish the predominant role of oxidation of met-86 and met-148 in the fibril formation process.
importantly , a small amount of preformed apoa-i fibrils was able to seed amyloid formation in oxidized apoa-i at ph @number@
thus , mpo-mediated oxidation may be implicated in the mechanism that leads to amyloid deposition in the atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
there is controversy as to whether maternal age exerts an influence on the contractility of human myometrium in pregnancy.
myometrial tissue specimens were obtained at cesarean delivery from @number@ women with maternal ages ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
the relationship between maternal age and individual parameters was evaluated using linear regression analysis.
the mean maximum amplitude values for spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ mn , respectively.
the mean contractile forces for spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ mn , respectively.
there was no variation in the proportion of biphasic or multiphasic contractions with maternal age.
these findings do not support the concept that there may be a biological basis for dysfunctional labor or increased cesarean delivery rates in older parturients.
objectives : stroke survivors experience poor oral health when discharged from the hospital to the community.
methods : a randomized controlled trial was conducted.
the data were analysed using mixed model anova to determine differences in the outcomes between the two groups.
results : the findings demonstrated that the intervention group had more knowledge ( t = @number@ p < @number@
background and aims : this paper aims to estimate if the education level modifies the association of income with disability prevalence in the elderly.
education can have a confounding effect on income or interact with it as a health determinant.
methods : the study is based on the survey on disability , personal autonomy and dependency situations ( spanish national statistics institute ) .
a bad adjustment of the model is detected and a scobit link is added , which helps to differentiate disabled and non-disabled individuals better.
results : people with difficulty in carrying out activities of daily living are much older , frequently women and with low education and income levels.
here , we demonstrate in detail the power of dna / rna chimera / agnc probes in detecting two human mirnas , let-7a and mir-200c.
the dna / rna chimera-based probes are highly efficient to determine the level of mirnas in several human cell lines.
knowing the characteristics of older injured workers may help in developing interventions to reduce the likelihood of work disability.
methods : in this cross-sectional study , alberta workers ' compensation claimants with subacute and chronic work-related musculoskeletal injuries were studied.
a wide range of demographic , employment , injury and clinical characteristics were investigated.
descriptive statistics were computed and compared between the age groups.
conclusions : injured workers past typical retirement age appeared to be a disadvantaged group with significant challenges from a vocational rehabilitation perspective.
they were less likely to have modified work options available or be offered rehabilitation , despite having more severe injuries.
although many patients with chronic diseases receive their medications from pharmacists , many community pharmacists have not changed their communication style with their patients.
empowerment is the basic idea that patient support is not widely known by pharmacists but the certified diabetes educator ( cde ) .
we started diabetes theater , a program for healthcare providers that includes short drama and discussion with attendees , in @number@
the concept of the program is empowerment for patients : a process to help patients make better healthcare decisions.
in this article , we discuss our forthcoming plans to spread these ideas of empowerment among pharmacists.
background : early-onset hearing loss is mostly of genetic origin.
the complexity of the hearing process is reflected by its extensive genetic heterogeneity , with probably many causative genes remaining to be identified.
here , we aimed at identifying the genetic basis for autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss ( adnshl ) in a large german family.
methods : a panel of @number@ known deafness genes was analyzed for mutations by next-generation sequencing ( ngs ) in the index patient.
we then conducted genome-wide linkage analysis , and whole-exome sequencing was carried out with samples of two patients.
expression of osbpl2 in the mouse cochlea was determined by immunohistochemistry.
because osbpl2 has been proposed as a target of mir-96 , we investigated homozygous mir96 mutant mice for its upregulation.
however , there is considerable intrafamilial variability.
in mice , osbpl2 was prominently expressed in stereocilia of cochlear outer and inner hair cells.
we found no significant osbpl2 upregulation at the mrna level in homozygous mir96 mutant mice.
conclusion : the function of osbpl2 in the hearing process remains to be determined.
our study and the recent description of another frameshift mutation in a chinese adnshl family identify osbpl2 as a novel gene for progressive deafness.
objectives : mthfr c677t and a1298c have been associated with the risk of preeclampsia ( pe ) , but with conflicting results.
we performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between mthfr polymorphisms and pe.
study design : an electronic search of pubmed and chinese biomedicine database was conducted to select studies for meta-analysis.
result : these studies evaluated @number@ cases and @number@ controls for mthfr c677t.
the overall results suggested that mthfr c677t was associated with the risk of pe.
a symmetric funnel plot , the egger's test ( p = @number@ ) suggested a lack of publication bias.
here , we show how the derived factors summarizing pathway expression can be used to analyze the relationships between expression , heritability , and aging.
we derived @number@ \ "pathway phenotypes \ " that summarized patterns of variation across @number@ kegg pathways ( five phenotypes per pathway ) .
these phenotypes are more heritable ( [ formula : see text ] ) than gene expression levels.
on average , expression levels of @percent@ of genes within these pathways are associated with age.
several significant pathways relate to metabolizing sugars and fatty acids ; others relate to insulin signaling.
these phenotypes could also be applied to discover associations with other environmental factors.
few details about the subcellular distribution of af organelles in amd are available.
methods : thirty-five rpe-bruch's membrane flatmounts from @number@ donors were prepared ( postmortem : ≤4 hours ) .
retinal pigment epithelium cytoskeleton was labeled with alexafluor647-phalloidin.
tissues were imaged on a spinning-disk fluorescence microscope and a high-resolution structured illumination microscope.
conclusions : we report an extensive and systematic en face analysis of lf / mlf-af in amd eyes.
redistribution and loss of af granules are among the earliest amd changes and could reduce fundus af signal attributable to rpe at these locations.
data can enhance the interpretation of clinical fundus-af and provide a basis for future quantitative studies.
however , the therapeutic use of stromal progenitors holds critical safety concerns due to their potential mm-supporting activity in vivo.
finally , both microarrays and elisa revealed different expression of several genes and soluble factors in uc-mscs as compared with other mscs.
virtually all devils were acid-phosphatase reactive but contained p62 immunoreactivity and periodic acid-schiff stained plaques.
compared to normal myofibers , bnip3 immunostaining in devilated myofibers was reduced , whilst map-lc3b was indifferent.
cleaved-caspase @number@ immunoreactivity was marginally elevated in devilated myofibers , but unaccompanied by nuclear dna fragmentation.
devilated myofibers were also identified in elderly rat ( @number@ month ) and cadaveric human ( @number@ years ) muscles.
tumor characteristics were collected from medical records.
vital status , recurrence and cause of death were documented for a median follow-up time of @number@ years.
using cox proportional hazards regression , associations between smoking characteristics and overall , crc-specific , non-crc related , recurrence-free and disease-free survival were evaluated.
the observed patterns support the existence of adverse effects of smoking on crc prognosis among nonmetastatic crc patients.
the potential to enhance prognosis of crc patients by promotion of smoking cessation , embedded in tertiary prevention programs warrants careful evaluation in future investigations.
background : the healthy aging index ( hai ) is a tool for measuring the extent of health and disease across multiple systems.
linkage results revealed significant evidence ( log-odds score = @number@ ) for a quantitative trait locus for mortality-optimized hai in women on chromosome 9p24-p23.
however , results of fine-mapping studies did not implicate any specific candidate genes within this region of interest.
conclusions : znf704 may be a potential candidate gene for studies of the genetic underpinnings of longevity.
glycitin is a soy isoflavone that exhibits antioxidant , antiallergic , and anti-osteoporosis activities.
we investigated the effects of glycitin on dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration.
treatment of primary dermal fibroblasts with glycitin increased cell proliferation and migration.
fibronectin was also increased by @percent@ after treatment.
phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 increased after @number@ h of glycitin treatment , and phosphorylation continued for @number@ h.
furthermore , the phosphorylated form of akt was increased in glycitin-treated cells after @number@ h and remained higher for @number@ h.
thus , glycitin treatment produces anti-aging effects including increased total collagen in the culture media , decreased elastase , and decreased β-galactosidase.
purpose : we evaluated mortality risk in relation to social vulnerability across levels of frailty among a cohort of older japanese-american men.
similarly , a social vulnerability index was created using @number@ self-reported social deficits.
similarly , for those considered at risk for frailty , each social deficit was associated with a @percent@ increased risk of mortality.
conclusions : for the fittest and at-risk haas participants , the accumulation of social deficits was associated with significant increases in mortality risk.
for frail individuals ( fi > @number@ ) , the estimation of mortality risk may depend more so on intrinsic factors related to their health.
background : delays in diagnosing dementia may lead to suboptimal care , yet around half of those with dementia are undiagnosed.
any strategy for case finding should be informed by understanding the characteristics of the undiagnosed population.
informants were asked whether the participant had ever received a doctor's diagnosis of dementia.
we used multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with informant report of a prior dementia diagnosis among those with a study diagnosis of dementia.
policymakers and clinicians should be mindful of the variation in diagnosis rates among subgroups of the population with dementia.
patients with phenylketonuria ( pku ) reportedly have decreased bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
secondary aims were to assess other bone status indicators including bone turnover markers ( btm ) and to define areas for future research.
included articles were compared between research teams and assessed for quality and risk of bias.
a total of @number@ unique articles were included ; @date@ articles reported bmd including a total of @number@ patients.
ten out of @number@ articles found bmd was significantly lower in patients with pku.
results from studies evaluating btm are inconclusive.
phenylalanine concentration , vitamin d , pth , and nutrient intake do not correlate with bmd or btm.
background : portal vein occlusion ( pvo ) is used to increase inadequate future liver remnant volume ( flrv ) .
impaired liver regeneration has been reported in aged animals.
this study was designed to evaluate the impact of patient age on hepatic regeneration.
methods : sixty patients aged ≥70 years were matched 1 : 1 with @number@ patients aged < 70 years.
matching criteria were sex , diabetes , cirrhosis , pre-pvo chemotherapy and bevacizumab administration , and jaundice.
mortality ( @number@ vs. @number@ % ) and major morbidity ( @number@ vs. @number@ % ) rates were similar.
conclusions : liver regeneration after pvo is not impaired by age.
nevertheless , liver resection in elderly patients is performed less often after pvo and carries a higher risk of liver failure.
glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is the most malignant primary brain tumor and more resistant to radiotherapy.
however , hetero-radiosensitivity occurs in different patients.
micrornas ( mirnas ) play important roles in the initiation and progression of a multitude of tumors.
expression profiles of mirnas in these two groups were determined by the method of microarray assay.
comparing with resistant patients , @number@ mirnas were significantly upregulated and @number@ mirnas were greatly downregulated in sensitive group.
among them , four mirnas were validated by quantitative rt-pcr.
our research will contribute to identifying clinical diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of gbm by postoperative radiotherapy.
the link between cancer , cardiovascular disease , and aging is well documented.
the pathogenesis of executive dysfunction in geriatric depression remains uncertain although causal bidirectional relationships with depression have been discussed.
previous studies have described a potential link with ' vascular depression'.
each participant underwent a full psychometric examination with standardised neuroimaging and clinical chemistry investigations.
participants were re-examined with the same protocol after exactly @number@ and @number@ months.
data refer to the individuals who completed the examination at baseline.
a significant influence of other vascular risk factors , such as lipids , diabetes , and smoking , on executive dysfunction was not observed.
a comparison of both lacunes and dwmh with respect to the tmt-b results showed no significant correlation.
our data do not support the notion that vascular pathogenesis might underlie executive dysfunction.
cortisol dysregulation has been proposed to be involved in depression.
( hpa ) axis dysregulation associated with major depressive disorder ( mdd ) was previously reported to be higher in the elderly.
furthermore , insulin resistance and the prevalence of type @number@ diabetes are known to increase with aging.
fifteen unmedicated mdd inpatients and @number@ age- and sex-matched healthy controls participated in this study.
in contrast , neither cortauc nor cortpeak correlated with homa-r in controls.
skeletal muscle is an integral body tissue playing key roles in strength , performance , physical function , and metabolic regulation.
it is essential for athletes to ensure that they have optimal amounts of muscle mass to ensure peak performance in their given sport.
protein quality is important to the gain and maintenance of muscle mass.
protein quality is a function of protein digestibility , amino acid content , and the resulting amino acid availability to support metabolic function.
consumption of whey protein has a robust ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis.
in fact , whey protein has been found to stimulate muscle protein synthesis to a greater degree than other proteins such as casein and soy.
purpose : skeletal muscles of older individuals have a larger amount of intramuscular adipose tissue ( intramat ) than those of younger individuals.
it is not understood how aging affects the intramat content of individual muscles of the thigh.
fasting blood samples were collected to measure plasma lipids , adiponectin , and hba1c levels.
results : intramat content in qf , hm , and ad for the older group was significantly higher than in the younger group.
conclusion : these results suggest that skeletal muscle size could be a major determinant of intramat content regardless of age.
functional brain imaging techniques appear ideally suited to explore the pathophysiology of freezing of gait ( fog ) .
several subcortical structures have been also involved in the etiology of fog , principally the caudate nucleus and the locomotor centers in the brainstem.
cognition is one of our most important attributes.
focused efforts at cognitive training / rehabilitation also appear potentially helpful but are best established for those with acquired brain injury.
there are , however , caveats to this assessment.
design : longitudinal postal survey.
the survey response rate was @percent@ at baseline and @percent@ at follow-up.
interventions : not applicable.
conclusions : the findings are consistent with a view of resilience as a protective factor that supports optimal functioning in people aging with disability.
background : no study has examined dopamine d₂ / ₃ receptor ( d₂ / ₃r ) availability in antipsychotic-free older patients with schizophrenia.
methods : we included patients with schizophrenia @number@ years or older who were antipsychotic-free for at least @number@ months.
results : ten patients participated ( antipsychotic-naive = 4 ) .
conclusion : the preliminary results suggest no differences in d₂ / ₃r availability between antipsychotic-free older patients with schizophrenia and controls.
background : previous studies have reported significant deficits in emotion recognition among individuals along the frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) spectrum.
methods : @number@ behavioral variant ftd and @number@ agrammatic variants of primary progressive aphasia patients were included.
the performance of these patients was compared to a group of @number@ patients with alzheimer's disease and @number@ healthy controls.
each subject was required to observe and evaluate affective pictures while autonomic parameters were recorded.
these patients showed significant changes in autonomic implicit response compared to the other groups.
the mismatch between explicit and implicit responsiveness to emotional cues was found both in behavioral variant ftd and in agrammatic variants of primary progressive aphasia.
emotional responsiveness was related to the severity of behavioral abnormalities as measured by the frontal behavioral inventory and associated with atrophy of the left putamen.
this mismatch between the two levels may help explain the general emotional behavior impairment found in these patients.
secondarily , it examined their potential involvement in mediating inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation , the hallmarks of high-risk atherosclerotic unstable plaques.
these innovative results suggest that , by accumulating in atherosclerotic plaques , the two oxidized lipids may contribute to plaque instability and rupture.
many countries in europe and the world have to cope with an aging population.
we employed the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy ( facit ) measurement system and the care dependency scale.
facit is a collection of hrqol questionnaires that assess multidimensional health status in people with various chronic illnesses.
thus , the facit variables are the most powerful indicators for care dependency.
the study provides healthcare professionals insight into improvement of quality of care in all three countries.
as part of this expansion , the va implemented a nationwide toll-free telephone caregiver support line ( csl ) .
the csl is a single point of entry system to link caregivers to national and local services to support care of a veteran.
we investigated compounds triggering vesiculation and compounds inhibiting vesiculation induced by ionomycin.
we identified @number@ lopac compounds , nine kinase inhibitors and one kinase activator which induced rbc shrinkage and vesiculation.
moreover , we demonstrated a link between casein kinase @number@ ( ck2 ) and rbc shrinkage via regulation of the gardos channel activity.
the 36-item short-form survey was administered to assess hrqol.
as expected , response times decreased and recall performance increased with age.
more importantly , the time needed for focus switching was longer in children than in adolescents and younger adults.
on the other hand , substitution of information and interference due to representational overlap were not affected by age.
these results suggest that age-related changes in focus switching might mediate developmental changes in wmu performance.
music is a way of expressing our feelings and emotions.
suitable music can positively affect people.
in this study , a brain computer interface-based smart multimedia controller was proposed to select music in different situations according to the user's physiological state.
the relationship between the user's state and music sorted by listener's preference was also examined in this study.
the experimental results show that real-time music biofeedback according a user's eeg feature may positively improve the user's attention state.
129s1 / svlmj mice were fed for @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days with either lmn or control diets.
the enzymes involved in catecholaminergic and cholinergic metabolism were determined by both immunohistological and western blot analyses.
noradrenalin , dopamine and other metabolites were quantified by hplc analysis.
theobromine , present in cocoa , the main lmn diet component , was analysed in parallel using sh-sy5y and pc12 cell lines.
an enhanced modulatory effect on both cholinergic and catecholaminergic transmissions was observed on @number@ day fed mice.
similar effect was observed with theobromine , besides its antioxidant capacity inducing sod-1 and gpx expression.
in patients with sad , regulation was stage- and region-dependent and not merely acceleration and exacerbation of mrna regulation with aging.
a familial behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia associated with astrocyte-predominant tauopathy is described in @number@ sisters born from consanguineous parents.
smaller amounts of abnormal tau were observed in neurons and rarely in oligodendrocytes.
there was decreased expression of glial glutamate transporter in the majority of tau-positive astrocytes.
analysis of the expression of mapt isoforms further revealed altered splicing and representation of tau isoforms involving exons @number@ @number@ and @number@
however , a novel rare heterozygous sequence variant ( p.q140h ) of uncertain significance was identified in fus in both siblings.
aims : the mechanisms underlying numerous biological roles of hydrogen sulfide ( h2s ) remain largely unknown.
we have previously reported an inhibitory role of h2s in the l-type calcium channels in cardiomyocytes.
this prompts us to examine the mechanisms underlying the potential regulation of h2s on the ion channels.
h2s broke the disulfide bridge between a pair of oxidized cysteine residues ; however , it did not modify single cysteine residues.
h2s extended action potential duration in epicardial myocytes and regularized fatal arrhythmia in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
however , h2s did not change the function of other ion channels , including ik1 and ina.
innovation and conclusion : h2s targets the cys320 / cys529 motif in kv4.2 to regulate the ito potassium channels.
h2s also shows a potent regularizing effect against fatal arrhythmia in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
background : increasing participant satisfaction with health interventions can improve compliance with recommended health behaviors and lead to better health outcomes.
however , factors that influence participant satisfaction have not been well studied in dermatology-specific behavioral health interventions.
methods : in a randomized controlled trial , participants were randomized 1 : 1 to view an appearance-based video or a health-based video.
after six weeks , participant satisfaction with the educational videos was assessed.
results : fifty high school students were enrolled and completed the study.
participant satisfaction ratings were assessed using a pre-tested 10-point assessment scale.
conclusions : adolescents rated the appearance-based video higher than the health-based video in terms of usefulness of educational content and message appeal.
the present study investigated the degree to which an infants ' use of simultaneous gesture-speech combinations during controlled social interactions predicts later language development.
each child's lexical and grammatical output was assessed at @number@ months of age through parental report.
results revealed a significant interaction between social condition and type of communicative production.
moreover , simultaneous pointing-speech combinations in the available condition at @number@ months positively correlated with lexical and grammatical development at @number@ months of age.
this strategy to successfully initiate and maintain joint attention is related to language development as it increases learning opportunities from social interactions.
objective : to review how disability can develop in older adults with critical illness and to explore ways to reduce long-term disability following critical illness.
we also reviewed the bibliographies of relevant citations to identify additional citations.
study selection : we identified @number@ studies evaluating disability outcomes in critically ill patients who were @number@ years and older.
data extraction : descriptive epidemiologic data on disability after critical illness.
incident dementia and less severe cognitive impairment were also highly prevalent.
vitamin b12 deficiency is common among the elderly.
diagnosis of vitamin b12 deficiency , however , is not straightforward as laboratory tests have certain limitations.
at present , there is no consensus or guideline for diagnosis of this deficiency.
treatment and replacement with oral vitamin b12 can be as effective as parenteral administration even in patients with pernicious anaemia.
vitamin b12 replacement is safe and without side-effects , but prompt treatment is required to reverse the damage before it becomes extensive or irreversible.
at present , there is no recommendation for mass screening for vitamin b12 in the elderly.
however , the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tool or gold standard test makes screening difficult to carry out.
several caregiver background characteristics were associated with care recipients ' depression and agitation , but not with other bpsd.
background : high variation in telomere length between individuals is already present before birth and is as wide among newborns as in adults.
environmental exposures likely have an impact on this observation , but remain largely unidentified.
next , we intend to unravel the nature-nurture contribution to placental telomere length by estimating the heritability of placental telomere length.
methods : we measured the telomere length in placental tissues of @number@ twins in the east flanders prospective twin survey.
maternal traffic exposure was determined using a geographic information system.
additionally , we estimated the relative importance of genetic and environmental sources of variance.
results : in this twin study , a variation in telomere length in the placental tissue was mainly determined by the common environment.
purpose : harmful alcohol consumption among the ageing population is an important public health issue.
very few studies ask drinkers why they change their consumption in later life.
we also examined whether the responses varied by age , sex and socio-economic position ( sep ) .
results : over half the study members reported a change in alcohol consumption over the past decade ( @percent@ decreased , @percent@ increased ) .
the most common reasons given for decreases were as a health precaution and fewer social occasions.
common reasons for increases were more social occasions and fewer responsibilities.
the lowest sep group was less likely to increase consumption compared to high sep ( rr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
women were more likely to increase consumption in response to stress / depression than men ( rr1.53 , @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : alcohol consumption in late life is not fixed.
reasons for change vary by age , sex and sep.
such information could be used to tailor intervention strategies to reduce harmful consumption.
nursing is the largest segment of the healthcare workforce , but over the next decade even more nurses will be required.
the current nursing workforce is aging , and large numbers of retirements are anticipated.
by @number@ the united states is expected to experience a nursing shortage ; in hawai'i this shortfall is forecast to be @number@ professional nurses.
currently there are nine nursing programs across the state in public and private universities and colleges.
these programs are partnering to implement the institute of medicine's recommendations for the future of nursing.
the hawai'i state center for nursing collects ongoing data on the nursing workforce to inform strategic planning.
current gaps in nursing specialty education include school health and mental health.
objective : this study examined associations of regional fat depots with all-cause mortality over @number@ years of follow-up.
methods : data were from @number@ men and @number@ women , aged 66-96 years in the ages-reykjavik study.
abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous fat and thigh intermuscular fat and subcutaneous fat were measured by ct.
conclusions : fat distribution is associated with mortality over @number@ years of follow-up independent of overall fatness.
the divergent mortality risks for visceral fat and subcutaneous fat in women suggest complex relationships between overall fatness and mortality.
background : studies suggest a higher prevalence of early retirement through disability among older people with lower educational attainment.
there have been no national studies in ireland on the factors that affect early withdrawal from the labour force through disability or long-term illness.
methods : we analysed the educational attainment of participants using the irish longitudinal study of ageing ( tilda ) .
the group of interest were those aged 50-75 who had retired early.
the sample was dichotomized on disability.
results : a total of @number@ of @number@ study subjects ( @percent@ ) retired early through disability.
comparison of those retired early with and without disability showed a significantly higher frequency of lower educational attainment both personally and for parents.
men with lower educational attainment and from a non-professional background were more likely to retire early through disability.
non-professional disabled respondents with less well-educated parents had lower educational attainment than non-disabled respondents.
conclusions : among tilda participants , educational attainment appears to influence early retirement through disability.
the sector of previous employment was also a significant factor.
behaviour , lifestyle and employment choice are influenced by educational level , which may affect cognitive ability to process health information.
factors affecting the education-disability relationship could include parental education , employment status and socio-economic characteristics.
in two studies , we tested whether apoe genotype affects memory for everyday activities.
all participants provided saliva samples for genetic analysis.
in both samples we found that , in older adults , apoe ε4 carriers demonstrated worse everyday memory performance than did ε4 noncarriers.
these everyday memory tasks measure genetically determined cognitive decline that can occur prior to a clinical diagnosis of dementia.
aims : non-response to population surveys is a common problem in epidemiological and public health research.
systematic non-response threatens the validity of results.
researchers rarely evaluate the magnitude of systematic non-response because of limited access to population data.
this study explores how well morbidity and mortality in postal survey respondents aged @number@ years and older represented that of the target population.
differences were analysed between the response group and the corresponding population in mortality , hospital admission , days spent in hospital and number of diagnoses.
finally , data were weighted for non-response to see if this improved generalizability.
results : non-response increased with age , and this increase was more pronounced among women than men.
significantly fewer women died in the response group than in the population as a whole.
in terms of mortality among men and in terms of hospitalizations for most age groups , the respondents represented the population fairly well.
non-response weighting adjustment did not improve generalizability.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
background : the measurement of neuropsychiatric symptoms ( nps ) in dementia is often based on caregiver report.
challenges associated with providing care may bias the caregiver's recognition and reporting of symptoms.
to evaluate whether disagreements were related to dementia severity , we repeated comparisons across levels defined by the clinical dementia rating.
there were fewer discrepancies in moderate or severe dementia.
the most consistent disagreements involved global ratings of depression where caregiver scores ranged from @number@ higher to @number@ lower than clinician rating.
conclusions : caregivers may have incomplete perception of patient nps mainly in mild dementia.
nps ratings might be confounded by cultural beliefs , sometimes leading caregiver to interpret symptoms as part of \ "normal \ " aging.
objective : this study aims to investigate the factors that discriminate different menopausal age groups.
a well-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on reproductive variables.
results : we applied discriminant function analysis to identify the factors associated with different ages at menopause.
conclusion : we concluded that reproductive factors discriminate the three different menopausal age groups for this study population.
increased fat mass and fat redistribution are commonly observed in aging populations worldwide.
the present findings depict the potential of fsh receptor-mediated lipodystrophy of adipose tissues in aging.
our results also reveal the mechanism of fat accumulation and redistribution during aging of males and females.
carotid artery lumen diameters by ultrasound and brachial artery blood pressures were measured at systole and diastole.
a higher dc indicates a more distensible vessel.
an androgenic internal milieu is associated with lesser carotid distensibility and diameter remodeling in women , but the opposite is true for men.
higher levels of estradiol are associated with smaller carotid diameters in both the sexes.
future longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to reveal the mechanism and clinical consequences of these associations.
telomeric repeat binding factor @number@ ( trf2 ) is essential for telomere maintenance and has been implicated in dna damage response and aging.
telomere dysfunction induced by trf2 inhibition can accelerate cellular senescence in human fibroblasts.
in particular , our data revealed that mir-23a could directly target the @number@ untranslated region ( @number@'utr ) of trf2.
background : the number of new world records has decreased substantially in most athletic events in recent years.
there has been enormous growth in participation at masters events , and older athletes have been competing at the highest levels with much younger athletes.
however , the progression of athletic performance over time has not been well investigated in masters athletes.
results : the improvements in fastest @number@ m running times over time were not significant.
however , all the masters age-group records improved significantly over time.
the general trends were similar for @number@ m middle-distance running and @number@ m freestyle swimming.
conclusions : while younger athletes ' performance has stagnated , masters athletes improved their athletic performance significantly and progressively over the years.
the magnitude of improvements was greater in older age groups gradually closing the gap in athletic performance between younger and older participants.
background : lung cancer has a commonly understood behavioral etiology.
thus , lung cancer patients are often blamed for their illness and may seek to avoid this blame by concealing their diagnosis from others.
this study sought to determine the prevalence of concealment and identify demographic , clinical , and psychosocial correlates of concealment among lung cancer patients.
clinical factors were assessed via a medical chart review.
results : thirty participants ( @percent@ ) reported concealing their diagnosis in the previous month , most frequently from casual friends and close friends.
reported reasons for concealment largely reflected concern for others.
thus , the easily available human skps ( hskps ) hold great promises in regenerative medicine.
however , long-term expansion is difficult for hskps in vitro.
we previously demonstrated that hskps senesced quickly under routine culture conditions.
we found that the senescence of hskps had a unique gene expression pattern that differs from reported typical senescence.
subsequent investigation ruled out the role of dna damage and classical p53 and p16 ( ink4a ) signaling in hskp senescence.
examination of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors revealed the involvement of p15 ( ink4b ) and p27 ( kip1 ) .
further exploration about upstream signals indicated the contribution of akt hypo-activity and foxo3 to hskp senescence.
the present study also points out a way to propagate hskps in vitro so as to fulfill their promises in regenerative medicine.
background : some effects of the red blood cell ( rbc ) storage lesion are well documented whereas others are not.
whether a period of room temperature hold ( rth ) during rbc production enhances the rbc storage lesion has remained controversial.
study design and methods : sagm-rbcs were prepared from mixed and split pairs ( n = @number@ ) of wb units.
rbcs prepared after a 24-h period of rth on day + 1 after collection ( rth-rbcs ) were compared with rc-rbcs.
all rbcs were stored at 4°c for @number@ days with assay of in vitro variables on days + 1 , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
haemolysis rate on day + 42 was higher in rth-rbcs than in rc-rbcs ( 0·52 ± 0·13 vs. 0·37 ± 0·12% ) .
the phosphatidylserine expression amounted to 0·25 ± 0·20% in rth-rbcs and 0·07 ± 0·12% in rc-rbcs.
haemoglobin modification was not different between both rbc groups.
rth-rbcs showed slightly higher mda concentration on days @number@ and @number@
conclusions : rc-rbcs and rth-rbcs show only small differences of classical in vitro parameters and no relevant differences in antioxidative metabolism and oxidative haemoglobin modification.
these findings do not explain the loss observed in in vivo survival studies with rbcs.
rationale : because of its rapidly-growing and aging populations , the global burden of stroke will be felt most strongly in asia.
data from asia are scarce.
even rarer are data from multiethnic populations.
methods and design : using a cold-pursuit design , potential subjects are identified from medical claims , hospital discharge summaries and death certificates.
standardized methods are used for case ascertainment and data recording by trained staff into standardized case report forms.
all ages and both genders are included.
study outcome : stroke incidence , subtypes and mortality will be calculated.
trend data will be obtained.
inter-ethnic differences will be explored.
discussion : the registry has many features of an ' ideal ' incidence study.
previously unavailable countrywide data on an asian population will be acquired.
the unique data on inter-ethnic differences will help fill knowledge gaps in stroke epidemiology.
background : the number of chronic musculoskeletal pain sites ( ncmsp ) is reportedly associated with risk of falls.
clarification of the effects of pain on dual-tasking performance is also important , given the strong link between falls and dual-tasking.
participants were assigned to three pain groups according to ncmsp.
basic physical performances and gait performances ( normal gait , fast gait , or dual-task gait ) were measured.
the ncmsp was not associated with any gait variables.
discussion : potential fall risk may be increased by ncmsp , even in older adults with nmf.
pain-related reduction in attention resources may not represent a risk factor for falls among older adults with nmf.
conclusions : the ncmsp represents a potential risk factor for falls in older adults with nmf.
wound healing slows with age , but the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood.
most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models , but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions.
to date , there has been no attempt to systematically assess the breadth of the problem in canada.
to address this gap , we undertook a scoping review to enhance understanding of resident-to-resident abuse in ltc homes.
a redacted canadian data set on resident-to-resident abuse is also reported on.
nine electronic literature databases were searched ; a total of @number@ abstracts were identified , but only @number@ satisfied the inclusion criteria.
the majority of records ( @percent@ ) were retrospective case studies , qualitative studies , and reviews / commentaries.
of these , only @number@ focused exclusively on resident-to-resident abuse.
the redacted canadian data set suggests resident-to-resident abuse makes up approximately one-third of reported abuse cases.
recommendations for future research , clinical practice , and policy are provided to raise awareness of this phenomenon to help decrease its incidence.
background : a computerized physician order entry ( cpoe ) system provides opportunity for real-time alerts to prescribers.
winthrop university hospital began using cpoe in @number@
objective : we sought to improve prescribing among older hospitalized patients by adding alerts to the cpoe system for potentially inappropriate medications.
methods : in @date@ , informational alerts were integrated into the cpoe system for selected high-risk medications : diphenhydramine , metoclopramide , and all antipsychotics.
prescribing patterns were evaluated through a pharmacy database of medication orders.
frequency of prescribing was adjusted for total discharges.
a comparison was made to ages 18-64 years , and comparing \ "as needed \ " vs standing orders.
there was no decrease in prescription rates for antipsychotics in older patients ( p = @number@ ) .
in the younger comparison group , no decreases in prescription rates for those drugs were observed.
objective : older adults often appraise and remember events less negatively than younger adults.
these tendencies may influence reports that rely more on nonexperiential , reconstructive processes.
results : across all negative affect measures , older age was related to lower levels of negative affect.
discussion : taking into account how emotion reports differ based on method provides a more realistic picture of emotional experience in adulthood.
findings suggest that age differences in emotional experiences vary based on whether questions ask about short versus longer time periods.
age advantages are most pronounced when people recall emotions across increasingly longer periods of time.
objectives : stereotype threat can impair older adults ' performance on clinical assessments for cognitive decline.
we examined why this occurs.
stereotype threat should be associated with poor performance when the assessment emphasizes gaining correct answers , but not when it emphasizes avoiding mistakes.
method : healthy older adults completed a series of mental status examinations.
half of the participants completed these examinations under stereotype threat about their cognitive abilities.
monetary incentives were also manipulated.
for half of the participants correct responding led to gains.
for the remaining participants incorrect responding / forgetting led to losses.
discussion : older adults respond to stereotype threat by becoming vigilant to avoid the losses that will make them their worst.
researchers and clinicians can capitalize on this motivational change to combat stereotype threat's negative effects.
by using a loss-avoidance frame , stereotype threat's negative effects can be attenuated or even eliminated.
objectives : lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary carotenoids that preferentially accumulate in the macular region of the retina.
together with meso-zeaxanthin , a conversion product of lutein in the macula , they form the macular pigment.
lutein is also the predominant carotenoid in human brain tissue and lutein status is associated with cognitive function in adults.
the study objective was to evaluate the relationship between retinal and brain lutein and zeaxanthin in humans.
decedents were men and women aged > 50 years who either had normal cognitive function or alzheimer's disease.
when analyzed separately , only retinal lutein ( plus meso-zeaxanthin ) , not zeaxanthin , was significantly related to lutein in the occipital cortex.
no correlations were observed with lutein and zeaxanthin in the hippocampus.
the attenuated cardiovascular adjustments in the aged could be due to lower increases in sympathetic nerve activity during heat stress.
we examined muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( msna ) and plasma catecholamine concentrations in healthy young and aged individuals during whole-body passive heat stress.
furthermore , the increase in these variables did not differ when a cold pressor test and lower body negative pressure were superimposed upon heating.
these findings suggest that attenuated cardiovascular adjustments to heat stress in healthy aged individuals are unlikely to be related to attenuated increases in sympathetic activity.
these results suggest that increases in sympathetic activity during heat stress are not attenuated in healthy aged humans.
quality of life ( qol ) of long-term care ( ltc ) facility residents is an important outcome of care.
a secondary purpose was to test the instrument's psychometric properties.
psychometric testing of the instrument supported its reliability and its convergent and content validity for assessing the residents ' qol.
residents gave lower ratings to other aspects such as autonomy , staff-resident bonding , and personal relationships.
the findings point to gaps between facility philosophies of care and their translation into a care environment where care is truly resident-directed.
moreover , the findings have potential implications for resident care planning , facility programming , social policy development , and future research.
objectives : to describe the interindividual variability in physical function responses to supervised resistance and aerobic exercise training interventions in older adults.
design : data analysis of two randomized , controlled exercise trials.
setting : community-based research centers.
results : on average , both exercise interventions significantly improved physical function.
only change in 400-m walk time with rt was related to exercise adherence ( correlation coefficient = -0.31 , p = .004 ) .
additional research is needed to identify factors that optimize responsiveness to exercise to maximize its functional benefits in older adults.
we assessed the associations of questionnaire-assessed and accelerometer-assessed physical activity with adiposity markers in older adults.
measurements : total physical activity was estimated using metabolic equivalent hours / week for the questionnaire and mean acceleration for the accelerometer.
time spent in moderate-and-vigorous physical activity ( mvpa ) was also assessed by questionnaire and accelerometer.
adiposity assessment included body mass index , waist circumference , and fat mass index.
fat mass index was calculated as fat mass / height² ( kg / m² ) , with fat mass estimated using bioimpedance.
results : greater total physical activity was associated with lower adiposity for all adiposity markers in a dose-response manner.
in men , the strength of this association was @number@ to @number@ times stronger with the accelerometer than with questionnaire data.
in women , it was @number@ to @number@ times stronger.
for mvpa , questionnaire data in men suggested no further benefit for adiposity markers past @number@ hour / week of activity.
key points : the reduction in skin blood flow during whole-body cooling is impaired in healthy older adults.
further , the reflex ssna response to a non-thermoregulatory stimulus was preserved in older adults during cooling.
we additionally show that cutaneous vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli is not reduced in older adults.
these results further our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying impaired thermal-cardiovascular integration in healthy ageing.
we hypothesized that in older adults whole-body cooling would elicit a blunted ssna response and cutaneous adrenergic responsiveness would be reduced.
cutaneous vascular conductance ( cvc = flux / mean arterial pressure ) was expressed as a change from baseline ( δcvcbase ) .
mental stress at tsk @number@.5°c further increased ssna in both groups.
while the ssna response to whole-body cooling is impaired with ageing , ssna can be further increased by a non-thermoregulatory stimulus.
design : cross-sectional survey data from the longitudinal chicago health and aging project.
setting : population-based study of three communities in the chicago area.
participants : african americans ( n = 2 , 284 ) and non-hispanic whites ( @number@ ) with a mean age of @number@
results : african americans reported substantially lower healthcare trust than non-hispanic whites ( p < .001 ) .
each of these variables was negatively associated with healthcare trust , and together these accounted for approximately @percent@ of racial differences in healthcare trust.
context : baby boomers are commonly believed to be healthier than the previous generation.
findings : srh worsened with increasing age in all cohorts.
cohort differences in srh were modest ( p = @number@ ) , but there was a significant period effect ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : we found no evidence to support the expectation that baby boomers will age more or less healthily than previous cohorts did.
period effects had a more profound effect than birth cohort effects.
an emerging aspect of neuronal-glial interactions is the connection glial cells have to synapses.
mounting research now suggests a far more intimate relationship than previously recognized.
emerging adulthood is a transitional period which has been examined in relatively few studies in southern european countries.
participants included @number@ young spanish people , aged 18-30 , who completed a questionnaire about their conceptions of adulthood.
important variations were observed in both the importance and achievement of criteria for adulthood according to gender and adult status.
the results likewise suggest there may be different psychosocial profiles associated with each adult status group.
the relevance of this classification to future research in the field of emerging adulthood is discussed.
this finding implies that the snp has strong pleiotropic effects on adiposity and adiposity-independent pathological pathways that leads to increased mortality.
in conclusion , this study does not support that the fto snp is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the adiposity phenotypes.
the expression of extracellular matrix ( ecm ) genes was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
furthermore , treatment with 4-hexyl-1 , 3-phenylenediol resulted in a twofold greater clinical improvement in overall photodamage compared with the vehicle group.
conclusions : inhibition of the proinflammatory nf-κb pathway resulted in increased expression of ecm proteins in vitro and significant clinical improvement in photodamaged skin.
dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is the most frequent cause of heart failure and the leading indication for heart transplantation.
here we show that epigenetic regulator and central transcriptional instructor in adult stem cells , bmi1 , protects against dcm by repressing cardiac senescence.
cardiac-specific bmi1 deletion induces the development of dcm , which progresses to lung congestion and heart failure.
in contrast , bmi1 overexpression in the heart protects from hypertrophic stimuli.
genetic reduction of p16 ( ink4a ) levels reverses the pathology of bmi1-deficient hearts.
in parabiosis assays , the paracrine senescence response underlying the dcm phenotype does not transmit to healthy mice.
as senescence is implicated in tissue repair and the loss of regenerative potential in aging tissues , these findings suggest a source for cardiac rejuvenation.
vietnam war veterans are a sometimes overlooked subgroup of the aging baby boomer generation.
forty years after the war ended , war veterans still seek out va or vet center counselors to assist with traumatic stress symptoms.
this pilot study juxtaposed life review within regular ptsd group counseling for @number@ vietnam veterans at a community-based vet center using a partial crossover design.
the life review and experiencing form ( lref ) structured the delivery of the life review component.
t-tests and repeated measures anova were used to examine depression and self-assessed wisdom outcomes using measures previously tested with older adults.
findings suggest that life review prior to ptsd group therapy has clinical benefits for reducing symptoms of depression and increasing self-assessed wisdom.
background : background noise has been found to negatively affect working memory.
numerous studies have also found that older adults perform more poorly on working memory tasks than young adults ( ya ) .
hearing status has often been a confounding factor in older individuals.
then , the participants listened to lists composed of five pairs of words in quiet and in 20-talker babble.
after the final word pair , the participants were cued with the first word of one of the previous five word pairs.
the participants were required to write down the second word of the pair.
the percent correct scores for each of the five serial positions were analyzed comparing the two listening conditions for ya and ma.
this omnibus repeated-measures anova was then followed up with separate repeated-measures anovas for the initial , middle , and final positions.
results : correct recall scores were lower for early positions compared with the latter positions , irrespective of listening condition.
for position @number@ ya-but not ma-performed significantly better in babble than in quiet.
for the middle positions ( positions @number@ and @number@ ) , ma performed significantly more poorly than the ya irrespective of listening condition.
for the final positions ( positions @number@ and @number@ ) , no age differences or effects of listening condition were found.
conclusions : the results indicate that both ya and ma have trouble recalling earlier pieces of information in quiet and in babble.
analyses were restricted to women of european ancestry.
one association appears to be driven by an amino acid substitution encoded in exo1.
this study provides a quantitative assessment of the changes in scleral stiffness and collagen fiber alignment associated with diabetes.
posterior scleral shells from five diabetic donors and seven non-diabetic donors were pressurized to @number@ mm hg.
three-dimensional surface displacements were calculated during inflation testing using digital image correlation ( dic ) .
after testing , each specimen was subjected to wide-angle x-ray scattering ( waxs ) measurements of its collagen organization.
specimen-specific finite element models of the posterior scleras were generated from the experimentally measured geometry.
older age was associated with a lower degree of fiber alignment and larger matrix stiffness for both diabetic and non-diabetic scleras.
the interaction between age and diabetes was not significant for all outcomes.
this study suggests that the age-related increase in scleral stiffness is accelerated in eyes with diabetes , which may have important implications in glaucoma.
nevertheless , a genetic diagnosis remains unavailable for many patients.
objective : to identify the genetic cause for a novel form of pure autosomal dominant hsp.
whole-exome sequencing was performed in @number@ patients from the same family and was integrated with linkage analysis.
five affected and @number@ unaffected participants from a 3-generation family with pure adult-onset autosomal dominant hsp of unknown genetic origin were included.
additionally , @number@ unrelated participants with pure hsp of unknown genetic cause were screened.
main outcome and measure : mutation in the neuronal isoform of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase ( cpt1c ) gene.
this variant strictly cosegregated with the disease phenotype and was absent in online single-nucleotide polymorphism databases and in @number@ additional exomes of control participants.
the association of the cpt1c mutation with changes in lipid droplet biogenesis supports a role for altered lipid-mediated signal transduction in hsp pathogenesis.
the study investigated differences in the five-factor model ( ffm ) domains and facets across adulthood.
the main questions were whether personality scales reflected coherent units of trait development and thereby coherent personality traits more generally.
for this , measurement invariance ( mi ) framework was used.
when items were residualized for their respective facets , @percent@ of them had significant ( p < @number@ ) residual age-correlations.
when facets were residualized for their domain scores , a majority had significant ( p < @number@ ) residual age-correlations.
we argue that manifestations of aetiologically coherent traits should show similar age group differences.
given this , the ffm domains and facets as embodied in the neo pi-3 do not reflect aetiologically coherent traits.
purpose : the purpose of this article is to improve quality in health care.
design / methodology / approach : this article developed the concepts of the health-care services in the form of a medical motorway.
findings : different conceptual approaches to providing efficiency of services whilst improving quality of patient care in the context of an ageing population are presented.
originality / value : personal viewpoint.
vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) has been implicated in staving off ad-related neurodegeneration.
design , setting , and participants : biomarker analysis using neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative.
vascular endothelial growth factor interacted with β-amyloid @number@ in predicting longitudinal memory decline ( t1618 = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : elevated cerebrospinal fluid vegf was associated with more optimal brain aging in vivo.
future work should evaluate the interaction between vegf expression in vitro and pathologic burden to address potential mechanisms.
context : circulating pth concentrations increase with age.
it is uncertain whether an age-related pth increase occurs independent of changes in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d , phosphate , renal function , and ionized calcium.
conclusion : pth concentrations increase with age , independent of 25-hydroxyvitamin d , ionized calcium , phosphate , and renal function.
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( bmscs ) exhibit an age-dependent reduction in osteogenesis that is accompanied by an increased propensity toward adipocyte differentiation.
this switch increases adipocyte numbers and decreases the number of osteoblasts , contributing to age-related bone loss.
here , we found that the level of microrna-188 ( mir-188 ) is markedly higher in bmscs from aged compared with young mice and humans.
compared with control mice , animals lacking mir-188 showed a substantial reduction of age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow.
we identified histone deacetylase @number@ ( hdac9 ) and rptor-independent companion of mtor complex @number@ ( rictor ) as the direct targets of mir-188.
notably , bmsc-specific inhibition of mir-188 by intra-bone marrow injection of aptamer-antagomir-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice.
we investigated how young and older adults differ in sensorimotor tasks.
results showed that the repertoire of strategies was significantly smaller in older than in young participants.
in addition , the frequency of use of the different strategies varied with participants ' age.
specifically , the most frequent strategies used by older participants included submovements , while those used by young participants did not include submovements.
the differences observed between young and older adults were independent of whether id was manipulated via target size or movement distance.
finally , age-related differences in strategy performance were found.
these results have important implications for furthering our understanding of aging effects in sensorimotor tasks.
they also illustrate the usefulness of a strategy approach in a domain where it had never been formally used before.
the implications for social work practice are discussed.
however , this conclusion lacks empirical confirmation.
hence , the aim of the present study was to examine possible age differences in the content of everyday pm intentions and their performance.
everyday pm was assessed in young and older adults using a diary approach.
results confirmed a general age benefit for real-life pm tasks.
importantly , this finding was qualified by revealing that the benefit only held true for specific types of intentions such as health and social intentions.
further , moderation analyses showed that the relationships between cognitive functioning and everyday pm were different for young and older adults.
furthermore , cognitive functioning predicts performance in the young , but not in the older adults.
humans spend approximately one-third of their lives asleep.
whether due to evolutionary or ontogenetic factors , sleep and psychiatric disorders change with age.
although the relationship between age-related sleep and psychiatric conditions is a common clinical observation , empirical investigations remain scarce.
thus , treating patients with symptoms of sleep disorders in the context of psychiatric conditions remains a challenge.
this article reviews the state-of-the-science of sleep disorders in the context of psychiatric conditions in late-life.
the proportion of cd28-cd57 + cells also remained higher among patients with cancer throughout the sampling duration.
conclusion : immunosenescence appeared to be pronounced in patients with breast cancer , with senescent cd8 + t-cells playing a role.
the normal condition was not restored after six months of chemotherapy.
dopamine ( da ) losses are associated with various aging-related cognitive deficits.
we quantified striatal and extrastriatal da d1 receptor density with [ ( @number@ ) c ] sch23390 and positron emission tomography in all participants.
we found that bold variability in a neocortical region was negatively related to age and positively related to swm performance.
gompertz's work played an important role in shaping the emerging statistical science that underpins the pricing of life insurance and annuities.
this commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal philosophical transactions of the royal society.
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ( hfpef ) is the most common form of heart failure ( hf ) in older adults.
the primary chronic symptom in patients with hfpef , even when well compensated , is severe exercise intolerance.
cardiac and peripheral functions contribute equally to exercise intolerance in hfpef , though the latter has been the focus of fewer studies.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is considered as the marker of biological aging and may be related to environmental factors.
the current study aimed to examine the relation between mediterranean-type diet and ltl.
we used a cross-sectional study of @number@ multi-ethnic community residents of new york aged @number@ years or older.
mediterranean-type diet ( medi ) was calculated from dietary information collected using a food frequency questionnaire.
we found that higher adherence to a medi was associated with longer ltl among whites but not among african americans and hispanics.
additionally , a diet high in vegetables but low in cereal , meat , and dairy might be associated with longer ltl among healthy elderly.
age-related loss of muscle bulk and strength ( sarcopenia ) is often cited as a potential mechanism underlying age-related changes in swallowing.
pixel-based measures of pharyngeal wall thickness and pharyngeal lumen area were completed using imagej and then converted to metric units.
measures of pharyngeal wall thickness and pharyngeal lumen area were compared between age groups with one-way anovas using sidak adjustments for post-hoc pairwise comparisons.
a significant main effect for age was observed across all variables whereby pharyngeal wall thickness decreased and pharyngeal lumen area increased with advancing age.
pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between 20s versus 70 + for all variables and 20s versus 60s for all variables except those measured at c2.
effect sizes ranged from @number@ to @number@
consistent with existing sacropenia literature , the pharyngeal muscles appear to atrophy with age and consequently , the size of the pharyngeal lumen increases.
methods : hyperplastic parathyroid glands ( n = @number@ ) were obtained from @number@ patients who received parathyroidectomy due to secondary renal hyperparathyroidism.
the expression of α-klotho and fgfr1 in the parathyroid tissue was detected using immunohistochemical staining.
results : the expression of α-klotho and fgfr1 was significantly reduced in the hyperplastic parathyroid tissue compared to that in the normal parathyroid tissue.
the expression of α-klotho decreased further with increasing parathyroid pathology.
a significant positive correlation was observed between α-klotho and fgfr1 ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the authors sought to describe current geriatric psychiatry teaching practices during the psychiatry clerkship.
methods : psychiatry clerkship directors at @number@ american medical schools were surveyed about didactic and clinical experiences of geriatric psychiatry.
results : sixty-two ( @number@ % ) of programs responded.
one fifth of programs lacked specific instruction in geriatric psychiatry.
programs were more likely to include instruction on dementia than late-life depression.
conclusions : current practices in some clerkships are inadequate to prepare medical students to care for older patients with psychiatric symptoms.
all subjects underwent a pupillometric measurement and performed the wechsler memory scale ( wms ) and mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
also , ham-d was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.
moreover , t1 was found to be significantly increased by @number@ % ( p < @number@ ) in ad patients compared to healthy subjects.
there was no significant difference between the two groups for ham-d.
of the indices that were studied vcmax and acmax are governed mainly by the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.
conclusions : the results of this study demonstrated that there is a correlation between cognitive tests and pupillometry in ad patients.
background : the shuttle walking test ( swt ) is a simple , widely used method for assessing endurance performance in the elderly.
despite widespread community use , its associated factors are unclear.
aims : we aim to identify previously undefined swt association factors in community-dwelling elderly people.
our findings may offer insight when considering the focus of community exercise programs among the elderly.
background : sit-to-stand ( sts ) movement is useful for evaluating lower limb muscle function , especially from force platforms.
results : most of the mechanical and temporal parameters were influenced by the sts condition ( p < @number@ ) .
three trials should be performed to reach high repeatability.
background : non-adherence to cardiovascular medications is a problem worldwide , even in australia , which has a socialized medical system , medicare.
objective : the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the burden of non-adherence to cardiovascular medications and factors thereof in australia.
data sources : pubmed , embase , cinahl , psycinfo , cochrane library databases were searched.
methods : a meta-analysis of prevalence of medication non-adherence using the double arcsine square root transformed proportion was undertaken.
studies were pooled in homogenous prevalence groups and factors that differed across groups were ascertained.
results : five studies , including eight datasets and @number@ subjects were analyzed.
conclusions : non-adherence to cardiovascular medications is a serious problem in the aging australian setting with an overall prevalence of between @number@ and @number@ %.
this is an area for further research.
generativity is an adult's concern for and commitment to promoting the well-being of future generations.
the psychological and cultural features of redemptive life stories are considered , as are the problems and potentialities of life-narrative research in psychological science.
research suggests that this increased risk is associated with declines in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity.
we examined whether a perceptual-learning task could be used to improve age-related declines in contrast sensitivity.
older adults performed as well after training as did college-age younger adults prior to training.
improvements transferred to performance for an untrained stimulus orientation and were not associated with changes in retinal illuminance.
improvements in far acuity in younger adults and in near acuity in older adults were also found.
these findings indicate that behavioral interventions can greatly improve visual performance for older adults.
practice guidelines are needed to inform clinicians and patients about safe and effective therapies.
recommendations were organized by outcome and graded based upon a modified version of the us preventive services task force grading system.
results : the search ( @date@ - @date@ ) identified @number@ articles , of which @number@ were eligible for analysis.
many interventions ( n = @number@ ) had weaker evidence of benefit ( grade c ) .
some interventions ( n = @number@ ) were deemed unlikely to provide any benefit ( grade d ) .
conclusions : specific integrative therapies can be recommended as evidence-based supportive care options during breast cancer treatment.
most integrative therapies require further investigation via well-designed controlled trials with meaningful outcomes.
during hdt , heart rate ( hr ) was reduced for -25° and -55° , and cardiac output was lower at -55° hdt.
mfv increased during -10° hdt , but not in the other conditions even though blood pressure at the middle cerebral artery ( bpmca ) increased.
on the transition to hut , hr increased only for -55° condition , but stroke volume and cardiac output transiently increased for -25° and -55°.
total peripheral resistance index decreased in proportion to the magnitude of hdt and recovered over the first @number@ s of hut.
mfv was significantly less in all hdt conditions compared with the control in the first 5-s period of hut , but it recovered quickly.
cellular senescence-inhibited gene ( csig ) protein significantly prolongs the progression of replicative senescence , but its role in tumorigenesis is unclear.
the tumorigenic ability of csig was confirmed in vivo in a mouse xenograft model.
our results showed that csig promoted the proliferation of hepg2 and smmc7721 cells in vivo.
biologically uncommon d-β-aspartic acid ( d-β-asp ) residues have been reported to accumulate in organs affected by age-related disorders.
in the present study , we investigated the localization of d-β-asp-containing proteins in cases of pterygium , one of the most prominent age-related ocular conditions.
immunohistochemical localization of d-β-asp-containing proteins was investigated in surgical specimens of pterygium from @number@ patients and control specimens from @number@ patients.
strong immunoreactivity to d-β-asp-containing proteins was observed in subepithelial elastotic lesions and surrounding collagenous lesions from all surgical specimens with pterygia.
in contrast , no immunoreactivity to d-β-asp-containing proteins was seen in pterygium-free specimens.
d-β-asp-containing proteins are produced in organs as they are affected by the aging process.
in addition , conversion of l- to d-aspartyl residues is accelerated by ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation.
since pterygia can form due to aging or uv exposure , it is reasonable to find d-β-asp-containing proteins in specimens with pterygia.
furthermore , since d-β-asp is a non-native amino acid , d-β-asp-containing proteins may be recognized as allogeneic antigens.
therefore , d-β-asp-containing proteins in pterygia may responsible for the fibrovascular changes seen in the disorder.
the molecular subtype of sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( scjd ) is an important prognostic marker for patient survival.
however , subtype determination is not possible during lifetime.
receiver operating characteristic analyses showed values of area under the curve of @number@.76-0.80 for the different genotypes indicating a good diagnostic validity of the test.
total tau can be used as a diagnostic test for the assessment of prion protein type when codon @number@ genotype is known.
it provides valuable information for physicians and next of kin about the further course of disease.
background : telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging.
childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening , and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders.
methods : two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews.
telomere length and mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) copy number were measured from leukocyte dna by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
a history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtdna copy numbers.
conclusions : this study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders.
we replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness.
finally , we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.
recent studies have reported that the myocardial triglyceride ( tg ) content is associated with aging , metabolic disorders and cardiac dysfunction.
however , the clinical usefulness of myocardial tg measurements in japanese subjects has not been fully investigated.
results : the mean myocardial tg content was @number@.85±0.40%.
in a multivariate analysis , the lvesv was found to be an independent factor of the myocardial tg content.
unlabelled : pain among older adults is common and generally associated with high levels of functional disability.
this suggests a moderator role of @number@ recently conceptualized functions of pss : perceived promotion of dependence versus autonomy.
this measure may contribute to future research on the role of close interpersonal contexts on the promotion of active aging among elders with chronic pain.
however , there is currently no consensus regarding how to assess or measure cognitive reserve.
we searched embase.com , medline ( ovidsp ) , the cochrane library , web of science , scopus , google scholar , and pubmed.
results : five systematic reviews were identified.
premorbid iq and socioeconomic status have not been investigated as thoroughly and showed inconsistent results.
conclusions : this review highlights the lack of consensus regarding a definition of cognitive reserve.
further research is required to clarify how the indicators already identified may provide cognitive reserve and offer a protective effect against dementia.
agreement on the indicators that constitute the cognitive reserve model is needed before testing possible interventions that may increase the reserve supply and improve cognition.
a variety of fascinating morphological patterns arise on surfaces of growing , developing or aging tissues , organs and microorganism colonies.
these patterns can be classified into creases , wrinkles , folds , period-doubles , ridges and delaminated-buckles according to their distinctive topographical characteristics.
however , a general model that accounts for the formation and evolution of these various surface-instability patterns still does not exist.
the predicted wavelengths and amplitudes of various instability patterns match well with our experimental data.
objectives : whilst a range of psychosocial interventions are used for people with dementia , there lacks evidence for the processes which underpin them.
systematic reviews focus on quantitative studies and there is a lack of qualitative reviews in the area.
method : a systematic literature search was conducted , identifying @number@ studies.
sixteen studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and assessed for quality using pre-specified criteria.
thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings.
results : there were @number@ descriptive themes.
study quality was adequate but variable.
conclusion : common processes may underlie different psychosocial interventions for dementia.
the synthesis of qualitative findings can offer insight into what makes interventions ' work ' and factors which may facilitate or impede their use.
the exit25 was the primary measure examined.
in addition , cutoff scores were recommended based on sensitivity and specificity of scores.
conclusion : a brief , eight-item version of the exit25 may be an effective and efficient screening for executive dysfunction among older adults.
objectives : our goal was to build a systemic model of chronic use among community-dwelling mature benzodiazepine ( bzd ) users.
bzds are commonly prescribed for symptoms of anxiety and / or insomnia despite their documented side effects over time.
we chose the grounded theory approach for our analysis.
family members should be involved in the weaning process and adoption of new life habits.
general practitioners should be better trained regarding geriatric psychosocial issues and offer alternatives to prescribe psychotropic drugs such as cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia.
also , as a society , we should reconsider the highly medicalized stance we take to compensate for age-related losses.
the influential role of the pharmaceutical industry in the process is discussed.
conclusion : we conclude that a predominantly biomedical perspective on human development diminishes patient-centered care within a socially contextualized , individual perspective.
background : sleep disturbance is associated with activation of systemic and cellular inflammation , as well as proinflammatory transcriptional profiles in circulating leukocytes.
whether treatments that target insomnia-related complaints might reverse these markers of inflammation in older adults with insomnia is not known.
in cbt-i and tcc , telis promoter-based bioinformatics analyses indicated reduced activity of nuclear factor-κb and ap-1.
the findings provide an evidence-based molecular framework to understand the potential salutary effects of insomnia treatment on inflammation , with implications for inflammatory disease risk.
we found that chloride concentration decreased with age in hepatic cytosol but increased in liver mitochondria.
little is known about the reaction of the posterior vaginal wall influenced by steroid receptor expression.
furthermore we examined the steroid receptor expression among untreated women in each period of life.
we compared @number@ premenopausal female corpses to @number@ postmenopausal female corpses and @number@ postmenopausal women undergoing posterior colporrhaphy to @number@ postmenopasusal female corpses.
this explains the fact that proliferation of the vaginal tissue is mediated by estrogen-receptor alpha and improves the condition for our prolapse surgery.
participation in intergenerational programs can have a positive impact on quality of life and well-being across age groups.
we sought to examine the characteristics , goals , and outcomes of intergenerational programs for persons with dementia and children or youth.
twenty-seven articles met criteria for review.
articles must have gathered information on program design , goals , outcomes , or participants ' perceptions.
overall , @number@ themes emerged : program design , outcomes for child or youth participants , and outcomes for persons with dementia.
music , arts-based , and narrative programs were most common.
outcomes include effects on perceptions of aging and dementia , behavior , mood , engagement and sense of self.
the relationship-based skill set and scope of social work practitioners provides opportunity for the development , facilitation , and evaluation of intergenerational programs.
the difficulties of establishing best practices due to methodological challenges and implications for further research are presented.
restricting to events > 2 mb in size , we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased.
emerging studies link vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular health to the prevalence and rates of progression in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
here , we examined the relationship among cerebral autoregulation , small vessel cerebrovascular disease , and amyloid deposition in @number@ non-demented older adults.
for the first time in humans , we demonstrate an interrelationship among ad pathology , small vessel cerebrovascular disease , and cerebral autoregulation.
vascular factors and ad pathology are not independent but rather appear to interact.
in human cells , sumo2 is predominantly conjugated to target proteins in response to cellular stress.
previous studies suggested that proteins conjugated to sumo2 , but not to sumo1 , could be regulated by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome system.
we identified subgroups of putative sumo2 targets that were either degraded or stabilized by epox upon sumo2 conjugation in response to replication stress.
in addition , we identified @number@ sumoylation sites in target proteins , of which @number@ are located in the proximity of phosphorylated residues.
the sample was then divided into two subsamples with a cut-off age of @number@ years.
results : as expected cds score was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the healthy control group.
conclusions : while in adults dp symptoms are frequently associated with mental disorders , in adolescents they could be considered as a quasi-physiological phenomenon.
the present study examined whether subjective age is associated with memory level and changes , as indexed by measures of immediate and delayed recall.
a complementary purpose was to test the mediating role of depressive symptoms and physical activity in the relation between subjective age and memory changes.
method : participants were drawn from three waves of the health and retirement study.
bootstrap procedures indicated that fewer depressive symptoms mediated these associations.
additional analyses revealed that memory level and change were unrelated to changes in subjective age.
conclusion : beyond chronological age , the subjective experience of age is associated with cognitive aging.
background : understanding factors promoting symptom severity is essential to developing innovative symptom management models.
multilevel modeling with an r program was used to test models accounting for hot flush severity.
results : hot flush severity persisted through the mt stages and peaked during the late mt stage , diminishing after the second year postmenopause.
in a model including only endocrine factors , hot flush severity was significantly associated with higher fsh and lower estrone levels.
an integrated model revealed dominant effects of late mt stage and early postmenopause , with anxiety contributing to hot flush severity.
background : the hormone klotho is encoded by aging-suppressor gene klotho and has multiple roles , including regulating mineral ( calcium and phosphate ) homeostasis.
vitamin d also regulates mineral homeostasis and upregulates klotho expression.
lower-extremity physical performance was measured using the short physical performance battery , a summary score of balance , chair stand ability , and walking speed.
conclusions : plasma klotho and 25 ( oh ) d both positively related to lower-extremity physical performance.
however , the findings did not support the hypothesis that klotho mediates the relation of 25 ( oh ) d with physical performance.
background : aging is associated with increased risk of reduced mobility.
however , data on muscle components in relation to subjective and objective indicators of disability is limited.
methods : data were from @number@ participants ( @percent@ men ) aged @number@.8±4.7 years from the ages-reykjavik study.
at baseline , maximal isometric thigh strength ( dynamometer chair ) , and midthigh muscle area and muscle fat infiltration were assessed with computed tomography.
usual @number@ m gait speed and mobility disability were assessed at baseline and after @number@.2±0.3 years.
incident mobility disability was defined as having much difficulty or unable to walk @number@ m or climb-up @number@ steps.
a decrease of ≥0.1 m / s in gait speed was considered clinically relevant.
results : greater strength and area were protective for mobility disability risk and gait speed decline.
conclusions : greater muscle strength and area were independently associated with 15-30% decreased risk of mobility disability in women and gait speed decline in men.
among women , greater muscle strength was also associated with lower risk of gait speed decline.
interventions aimed at maintaining muscle strength and area in old age might delay functional decline.
background : mobility is an essential aspect of everyday life and enables autonomy and participation.
random survival forest analysis was used to rank the candidate predictors by their importance.
conclusion : prevention of mobility loss with aging should focus on prevention and treatment of neuromuscular impairments.
increased dna and chromosomal damage are linked to aging and age-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases , diabetes or cancer.
supplementation with the vitamins b12 and folic acid could contribute to reduced chromosomal damage in institutionalized elderly.
movements are a major source of artifacts in functional near-infrared spectroscopy ( fnirs ) .
however , when the snr is high , it can lead to a reduction of signal amplitude.
this may occur because standardized scores inherently adapt to the noise level , independently of the shape of the distribution of the wavelet coefficients.
higher-order moments of the wavelet coefficient distribution may provide a more diagnostic index of wavelet distribution abnormality than its variance.
we tested kbwf by comparing it with other existing procedures , using simulated functional hemodynamic responses added to real resting-state fnirs recordings.
this is because : ( @number@ ) the procedure is iterative ; and ( @number@ ) kurtosis is more diagnostic than variance in identifying outliers.
however , kbwf does not eliminate slow components of artifacts whose duration is comparable to the total recording time.
failure to recall an item from memory can be accompanied by the subjective experience that the item is known but currently unavailable for report.
the feeling of knowing ( fok ) task allows measurement of the predictive accuracy of this reflective judgement.
fok judgements were made at each stage for all unrecalled responses , providing a measure of predictive accuracy for semantic and episodic knowledge.
background : multimorbidity is a huge burden to individuals and societies and more attention should be paid on its risk factors and prevention possibilities.
the surveys included anthropometric measurements , blood samples and structured questionnaire.
results : predisposing factors for multimorbidity among disease-free population were smoking , physical inactivity , and bmi.
among men also systolic blood pressure and low education predicted multimorbidity.
among men with dm at baseline , high blood pressure , physical inactivity , and smoking increased the likelihood of incident multimorbidity.
among women , significant predictors of multimorbidity were high bmi and smoking.
conclusion : several modifiable clinical and lifestyle risk factors were found to predict incident multimorbidity.
molecular hydrogen ( h2 ) was believed to be inert and nonfunctional in mammalian cells.
therefore , it should have no or little adverse effects.
h2 can be monitored with an h2-specific electrode or by gas chromatography.
h2 rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells to exhibit efficient effects.
thus , we proposed the potential of h2 for preventive and therapeutic applications.
moreover , by regulating gene expression , h2 functions as an anti-inflammatory , antiallergic , and antiapoptotic molecule , and stimulates energy metabolism.
in addition to growing evidence obtained by model animal experiments , extensive clinical examinations were performed or are under way.
since most drugs specifically act on their specific targets , h2 seems to differ from conventional pharmaceutical drugs.
owing to its great efficacy and lack of adverse effects , h2 has potential for clinical applications for many diseases.
genetic polymorphisms may affect human male fertility.
we conducted a case-control study to investigate this association in a chinese population and performed a meta-analysis in different populations to clarify this association.
meta-analysis was performed using the data from four currently available studies.
the data from our study were overlayed using the @date@ stata software package.
lamins are intermediate filament proteins that form a scaffold , termed nuclear lamina , at the nuclear periphery.
a small fraction of lamins also localize throughout the nucleoplasm.
we calculated the percentage of patients treated at each type of medical facility with different treatment modalities.
results : the study included @number@ patients.
in total , @percent@ patients were treated at designated regional cancer hospitals ( prefectural or local ) .
this percentage was the highest for lung cancer ( @percent@ ) and the lowest for colon cancer ( @percent@ ) .
colon and breast cancer patients treated at prefectural designated regional cancer hospitals or clinics were younger than those treated at other types of facilities.
conclusion : the distribution of facilities at which cancer patients received treatment differed significantly according to cancer site , treatment modality , and patient age.
design : prospective , observational study.
setting : medical icu at an urban , academic medical center.
of these , @number@ patients were intubated at some point in their medical icu stay , whereas @number@ were never intubated.
interventions : none.
cumulative dose of haloperidol among intubated patients did not change their already high likelihood of next-day delirium.
after adjustment for time-dependent confounding , the positive associations between indicators of intubation and of cognitive impairment and next-day delirium became stronger.
objective : to investigate the efficacy of gastroscopic treatment in the treatment of membranous duodenal stenosis.
all surgical procedures of balloon dilatation were performed under direct gastroscopic vision.
the septum in the membranous stenosis was gradually extended by increasing diameter of the balloon dilator.
the residual septum was removed by gastroscopic electrocauterization.
no complications such as bleeding , intestinal perforation , etc. , were observed.
postoperative radiography using iodine-based contrast media showed that the gastrointestinal tract was unobstructed.
during a follow-up period ranging from @number@ to 24months , all patients ate normally without vomiting and abdominal distension and grew normally.
conclusion : gastroscopic balloon dilatation is an effective method in the treatment of membranous duodenal stenosis in children.
for the patients with residual septum , they can be cured by using gastroscopic electrocauterization.
this mr-based prediction model has not yet been used to assess ligament degeneration in the aging human knee.
similar insignificant results were found for yield load and linear stiffness.
these restricted distributions may negatively affect the ability to detect a correlation when one exists.
further research is necessary to understand the relationship of mri variables and ligament degeneration.
methods : @number@ men and women from the uppsala birth cohort multigenerational study were followed for @number@ years.
information on school performance , formal education , and occupational attainment was collected prospectively from elementary school archives and population censuses.
dementia diagnosis was extracted from the two swedish registers.
discrete-time cox proportional hazard models were estimated.
results : dementia was diagnosed in @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) .
objective : subjective cognitive complaints in otherwise normal aging are common but may be associated with preclinical alzheimer disease in some individuals.
little is known about who is mostly likely to show associations between cognitive complaints and preclinical alzheimer pathology.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : clinical neuroimaging research center.
participants : community volunteer sample of @number@ healthy older adults , screened for normal cognition with comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.
measurements : subjective cognitive self-report measures included the memory functioning questionnaire ( mfq ) , cognitive failures questionnaire , and the subjective cognitive complaint scale.
personality was measured with the neo five factor inventory.
brain amyloid-β deposition was assessed with pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) -pet imaging.
neuroticism moderated this association such that only high neuroticism individuals showed the predicted pattern of high complaint-high amyloid-β association.
conclusion : evidence for association between subjective cognition and brain amyloid-β deposition in healthy older adults is demonstrable but measure-specific.
neuroticism may moderate the mfq-amyloid-β association such that it is observed in the context of higher trait neuroticism.
vascular calcification is a complication that also occurs during aging , in particular in association with atherosclerosis and t2dm.
recent studies provided compelling evidence that vascular calcification is associated with inflammatory status and is enhanced by inflammatory cytokines.
we investigated the effects of adt on serum ap2 and adiponectin in pca patients.
contrary to adiponectin , high serum ap2 levels were correlated with the late development of mets.
further studies are needed to investigate the future occurrence of metabolic diseases post-adt.
testosterone ( t ) is a biologically important androgen that demonstrates a widely-known natural decline with advancing age.
the use of salivary t ( sal-t ) , as a determinant of systemic t , has shown promising results in recent years.
however , the strength of the salivary-serum t relationship may be affected by measurement method and binding capacity with salivary proteins.
the potential influence exercise may impact on this relationship is unstudied in aging men.
in conclusion , poor levels of agreement existed between saliva and serum measurements of t in response to exercise amongst aging men.
results : the expression of ros in tissues and cells which under hypoxic condition was significantly increased.
@percent@ o2 promoted the proliferation.
the hif-1α , ar , vegf , and il-8 were upregulated under @percent@ o2.
after edaravone intervening , ros significantly decreased , hif-1α and vegf were downregulated , and cell proliferation declined.
conclusions : hypoxia stimulates the generation of ros , and the ros may play a key role in bph.
a total of @number@ subjects aged 40-74 who enrolled in the study in @date@ were asked about dietary and other lifestyle information at baseline.
adherence to the medi was evaluated by the mediterranean dietary score ( meddietscore ) .
a healthy lifestyle score was computed by assigning @number@ point each for a medium or high adherence to the meddietscore , non-smoking and physical activity.
cox models were used to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and healthy lifestyle scores and all-cause mortality , adjusting for potential confounders.
the final sample included @number@ subjects with complete data and without chronic disease at baseline.
during a median of 17·4 years of follow-up , @number@ people died.
each point increase in the meddietscore was associated with a significant @number@ % reduction of death risk.
subjects with @number@ @number@ or @number@ healthy lifestyle behaviours had a significantly @number@ @number@ and @number@ % reduced risk of death , respectively.
this reduction was even stronger when the healthy lifestyle behaviours were combined.
heberden nodes develop in the distal interphalangeal joints and typically present as a deformed and enlarged joint and can cause pain.
implant arthroplasty typically can improve pain but does not reliably improve range of motion , and complication and revision rates are substantial.
arthrodesis continues as a treatment for digital osteoarthritis , but the surgeon must balance the risks of complications with the benefits of improved patient outcomes.
the opposable thumb , which is critical for hand dexterity and strength , can be severely disabled by basal joint arthritis.
nonsurgical treatment may be beneficial , but surgical options , including arthroscopy , osteotomy , and arthroplasty , should be considered if nonsurgical management fails.
prosthetic arthroplasty has a historically poor record ; therefore , trapeziectomy remains the hallmark of current reconstructive techniques.
the management of periprosthetic fractures is an issue of increasing importance for orthopaedic surgeons.
fractures to the shoulder girdle are common injuries in an aging population.
many techniques and theories lie behind the treatment of such injuries.
background : suicidal ideation is more strongly associated with suicidal intent in later life , so risk factors may also differ by age.
we investigated whether the relationship between suicidal ideation and established correlates varied by age in a representative population.
we used mediation analyses to assess the extent to which other factors mediate the relationship between suicidal thoughts and age.
results : reports of previous-year suicidal thoughts decreased with age.
people who reported experiencing childhood abuse in all age groups reported more suicidal thoughts , suggesting abuse has lifelong negative effects on suicidal ideation.
limitations : the response rate was @percent@.
older people may be less likely to recall childhood abuse.
background : endovascular angioplasty and stent placement is currently the most frequent treatment for iliac artery occlusive disease.
however , despite a successful endovascular procedure , some patients do not experience symptomatic improvement and satisfaction with their care.
this study seeks to identify patient-related factors associated with lack of symptomatic improvement after endovascular iliac artery treatment in male veterans.
methods : retrospective review of patients treated with endovascular methods for iliac artery occlusive disease between @date@ and @date@ at va connecticut healthcare system.
symptomatic improvement on the first post-operative visit was evaluated , with bilateral treatments counted separately.
results : sixty-two patients had @number@ iliac arteries treated with angioplasty and stent placement.
forty-seven ( @number@ percent ) legs had critical limb ischemia , and @number@ ( @number@ percent ) had at least two-vessel distal runoff.
angiographic success was @number@ percent.
patient-reported symptomatic improvement at the first post-operative visit was @number@ percent ( 50 / 91 ) .
survival , primary and secondary patency , and freedom from restenosis were comparable between patients who reported symptomatic improvement and those who did not.
these patients may need more extensive infra-inguinal revascularization than isolated iliac angioplasty and stent placement , despite a preserved ankle-brachial index.
quality of life needs to be measured with formal instruments after iliac artery endovascular treatment , especially to determine long term outcomes.
mitochondria fulfill a number of biological functions which inherently depend on atp and o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 production.
both atp and o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 are generated by electron transfer reactions.
atp is the product of oxidative phosphorylation whereas o2 ( -• ) is generated by singlet electron reduction of di-oxygen ( o2 ) .
o2 ( -• ) is then rapidly dismutated by superoxide dismutase ( sod ) producing h2o2.
o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 were once viewed as unfortunately by-products of aerobic respiration.
this characterization is fitting considering over production of o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 by mitochondria is associated with range of pathological conditions and aging.
however , o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 are only dangerous in large quantities.
in addition , redox signaling mechanisms that control o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 genesis from these sites are discussed.
finally , the current methodologies utilized for measuring o2 ( -• ) / h2o2 in isolated mitochondria , cell culture and in vivo are reviewed.
background : igf1 is responsible for regulation of growth , metabolism and differentiation of human cells.
igfbp3 is the most abundant of the carrier proteins for igf1 in the blood.
igf1 / igfbp3 molar ratio is an indicator of igf1 bioavailability.
the group consisted of blood donors and patients undergoing regular preventive examinations.
the igf1 / igfbp3 ratio was also calculated.
subjects were divided into seven age-groups.
changes in the levels of observed analytes in each decade across the age spectrum were evaluated.
all statistical analyses were performed by sas @number@ ( statistical analysis software release @number@ sas institute inc. , cary , nc , usa ) .
the dynamics of the decline was different between males and females.
linear regression models with age as independent variable fitted by gender are displayed in fig. @number@
all medians and @number@.5th-97.5th percentiles were plotted by cubic spline.
igf1 was statistically significantly higher in males with p < 0.0001 ( wilcoxon test ) but decreased faster ( p = 0.0121 ) .
igfbp3 was statistically significantly higher in females with p = 0.0004 ( wilcoxon test ) but decreased faster ( p < 0.0001 ) .
previous studies have revealed increased perceptual surround suppression of contrast in older adults.
stimulus duration was 500ms.
the @percent@ centre , @percent@ surround condition was also presented for 100ms duration.
data was best fit by a model with both increased inhibitory and excitatory weightings in the older group.
aims : tendons are crucial for optimal muscle force transfer and subject to changes with aging which may impair functional ability of elderly individuals.
sonoelastography ( se ) is a new ultrasound-based imaging technique that provides information on elastic properties and stiffness of tissues.
the aim of our study was to investigate the age-related alterations in achilles tendons using se.
subjects with known history of metabolic or endocrine diseases , sports or traumatic injuries , peripheral vascular disorders were excluded.
both achilles tendons were scanned with a real-time se probe at a frequency of 6-15 mhz.
strains of achilles tendons ' proximal , middle and distal parts were assessed semi-quantitatively with comparing a reference tissue.
there was a significant correlation between age and stiffness of tendons assessed with strain indices.
mean pmt was @number@.98 + / -1.04 mm ( range , @number@.5-6.8 mm ) .
mean pd was @time@ + / -2.39 mm ( range , 10-18 mm ) .
age and weight were not significantly correlated with pr ( p > 0.05 ) .
conclusions : the pmt and pd are age dependent parameters.
for these four \ "roles \ " , we asked : does membership in a long-lived family protect against disease ?
analyses accounted for nesting within llfs families.
four diseases not strongly linked to mortality ( arthritis , cataract , osteoporosis , glaucoma ) were significantly more common for llfs probands.
conclusions : common , severe mortality-associated diseases are less prevalent among llfs probands and their offspring than in the general population of aging americans.
quality-of-life-limiting diseases such as arthritis and cataract are more prevalent , potentially through more diagnosing of milder forms in otherwise healthy and active individuals.
llfs spouses are also relatively healthy.
as the younger cohorts age into medicare and develop more conditions , it will be important to see whether these tentative findings strengthen.
understanding associations between circulating biomarkers and physical performance across the adult life span could aid in better describing mechanistic pathways leading to disability.
we hypothesized that high concentrations of circulating biomarkers would be associated with lower functioning across study populations representing the adult life span.
the data were from four intervention and two observational studies with ages ranging 22-89 years.
biomarkers assayed included inflammatory , coagulation , and endothelial function markers.
partialled ( by age , body mass index , race , and sex ) and weighted common correlations were calculated between biomarkers and physical performance.
homogeneity of the associations was also assessed.
all significant correlations were homogeneous across studies.
in summary , we observed consistent inverse associations between six circulating biomarkers and objective measures of physical performance.
methods : eighty patients with glaucoma and @number@ with dry eye were enrolled ; @number@ healthy subjects served as controls.
impression cytology was performed and samples stained with hla-dr and il6.
despite typical pov architecture was preserved , signs of inflammation were found in glaucoma groups.
further studies are required to determine if limbal changes affect stem cell viability.
we enrolled @number@ patients with childhood intellectual disability and young-onset parkinsonism ( ≤40 years at onset ) and @number@ patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
all @number@ patients had common clinical features.
pathogenic mutations in other nbia genes were not found.
we also screened @number@ patients with early-onset parkinsonism without intellectual disability and @number@ normal controls of japanese origin for wdr45 mutations.
had wdr45 mutations.
our data suggest a high frequency of beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration mutations in the japanese population.
background : tendon insertion pathologies such as enthesitis and apophysitis in children can result from trauma , overuse syndrome and arthritis.
knowledge of the us appearance of normal joints by age might aid diagnosis of pathologies.
materials and methods : this is a prospective cross-sectional study of @number@ healthy children.
children completed pain and function questionnaires and underwent a standardized joint examination by a pediatric rheumatologist.
the common extensor , common flexor , quadriceps , patellar and achilles tendons and plantar fascia insertions were evaluated with gray-scale and power doppler ultrasound.
the anterior elbow , suprapatellar and retrocalcaneal bursae were evaluated for fluid.
we measured the apophyseal cartilage thickness at the enthesis.
correlation analyses examined associations between age and tendon thickness.
we used anova , with location as a repeated measure , to test for gender differences in cartilage thickness.
results : children had a median age of @number@ years and @percent@ were boys.
all @number@ entheses appeared normal on gray-scale imaging.
there was a strong linear relationship between tendon thickness and age.
tendon vascularity was only present in young children ( group @number@ ) , in @date@ ( @percent@ ) quadriceps tendons.
suprapatellar bursal fluid < 3 mm was detected in 9 / 60 ( @percent@ ) knees.
tendon thickness has a linear relationship with age ; however cartilage thickness varies across sites and also differs as a function of gender.
the stress response elicited by preincubation with cs conferred a cytoprotective action against a following oxidant challenge with tert-butyl hydroperoxide , confirming its hormetic effect.
preincubation of normal fibroblasts with cs also protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced premature senescence.
furthermore , cultivation of middle passage normal human skin fibroblasts in the presence of cs ameliorated the physiological state of cells during replicative senescence.
background : population aging and the incremental use of high-tech instruments increase the demand for radiological examinations and treatments in medical services.
the exposure of radiologists and other medical workers to medical treatment radiation may thus be increased.
methods : research data were obtained from the 2000-2010 taiwan national health insurance research database.
these samples collected for this study were unbalanced panel data.
results : the average number of cancer hospitalizations for radiologists from @number@ to @number@ ranged between @number@ and @number@.26‰.
however , the average number of cancer hospitalizations for radiologists showed an annual decline from @number@ to @number@
conclusions : compared with family medicine physicians , radiologists had non significant higher risk of cancer hospitalizations.
the data period examined in this study was only @number@ years.
in vivo experiments were used in human and sprague-dawley rat teeth obtained from young and adult individuals.
aging- and autophagy-related molecules were determined by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
hdpcs were serially subcultured until spontaneously arrested for in vitro aging , and the replication deficiency adenovirus was introduced for pparγ overexpression.
in aged hdpcs , autophagy and intercellular adhesion molecule @number@ and vascular cell adhesion molecule @number@ were increased , while pparγ and ho-1 were decreased.
under stimulation with lipopolysaccharide , autophagy- and aging-related molecules were differentially expressed between young and aged cells.
pparγ induced ho-1 and autophagy molecules but reduced inflammatory molecules in aged cells.
in addition , pparγ activated strong mitochondrial activity and cell viability in aging cells.
inhibition of ho-1 by tin protoporphyrin ix exacerbated autophagy and mitochondrial activity as well as cell viability in young cells.
this study indicates that pparγ maintains pulp homeostasis through the regulation of autophagy molecules during the life span of hdpcs.
neuronal active caspase-6 ( casp6 ) is associated with alzheimer disease ( ad ) , cognitive impairment , and axonal degeneration.
caspase-1 ( casp1 ) can activate casp6 but the expression and functionality of casp1-activating inflammasomes has not been well-defined in human neurons.
nlrp1 neutralizing antibodies in a cell-free system , and nlrp1 sirnas in neurons hampered stress-induced casp1 activation.
nlrp1 and casp1 sirnas also abolished stress-induced casp6 activation in neurons.
these results indicated a novel stress-induced intraneuronal nlrp1 / casp1 / casp6 pathway.
nlrp1 immunopositive neurons were increased 25- to 30-fold in ad brains compared with non-ad brains.
nlrp1 immunoreactivity in these neurons co-localized with casp6 activity.
furthermore , the nlrp1 / casp1 / casp6 pathway increased amyloid beta peptide @number@ ratio in serum-deprived neurons.
however , there has been no study that examined whether japanese food in itself is effective for health maintenance.
therefore , we investigated in rats whether japanese food is beneficial to health maintenance compared with american food.
as a result , we revealed that modern japanese food is useful for health maintenance compared with modern american food.
we subsequently investigated the health benefits of japanese food from different eras.
the menus of japanese foods from @number@ different years , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ were prepared , cooked , and powderized.
each of the japanese foods was provided to mice.
we found that the japanese food from @number@ exhibited health benefits with respect to the stages of growth , adolescence , maturity and old age.
surprisingly , long-term intake of large amounts of fish oil shortened the lifespan of these mice.
by contrast , intake of small amounts of fish oil with antioxidants extended the lifespan.
we have searched for dietary factors that prevent brain senescence using a mouse model of age-related neurodegeneration ( samp10 ) .
this mouse line is suitable for studying brain senescence because brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction are observed with aging , similar to humans.
the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage are high in the brains of aged samp10.
we found that green tea catechin and β-cryptoxanthin in japanese mandarin oranges prevented brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction.
in addition , psychosocially chronically stressed mice exhibited a shortened life span and accelerated cognitive dysfunction.
these deficiencies were prevented by the ingestion of theanine , an amino acid in tea , under stressed conditions.
therefore , much focus is being placed on the effects of dietary phytochemicals on aging and stress response.
this paper reviews recent advances in the study of two major dietary phytochemicals , resveratrol and curcumin , on aging and stress response.
methods : participants were middle aged adults who resided in the community in three cities in korea.
hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether era would predict physical activity by controlling other factors.
results : the mean age of the participants was @number@.1±6.9 years.
the mean score for era ( possible range = 0 to @number@ ) was @number@.04± @time@ .
more than half of the participants ( @percent@ ) were not engaged in health promoting physical activity.
conclusion : the results demonstrate that individuals ' belief about aging has effects on physical activity in korean middle aged adults.
thus , nursing interventions which focused on era could help enhance physical activity in middle aged adults.
in this mini-review , we discuss recent progress in the use of antioxidants , anti-inflammatories and apoptosis inhibitors to enhance hair cell survival.
we conclude by clarifying the distinction between protection and rescue strategies and by highlighting important areas of future research.
inhibited ache can be reactivated by cleavage of the ser-phosphorus bond either spontaneously or through a reaction with nucleophilic agents , such as oximes.
at the same time , the inhibited ache adduct can lose part of the molecule by progressive dealkylation over time in a process called aging.
reactivation of the aged enzyme has not yet been demonstrated.
progressive reactivation was observed after flu-mps inhibition using oxime 2-pam.
however , no reactivation was observed after mipafox inhibition with 2-pam or the more potent oximes used.
the kinetic experiments showed no reactivation of activity.
we document here direct evidence for a phosphorylated hache refractory to oxime reactivation , although we observed no aging.
objective : instrumental conditioning of eeg activity ( eeg-ic ) is a promising method for improvement and rehabilitation of cognitive functions.
however , it has been found that even healthy adults are not always able to learn how to regulate their brain activity during eeg-ic.
a control group of n = 19 participants received gamma ( 40-43hz ) or sham eeg-ic.
rs-smr power in responders before start of isc was higher in widespread parieto-occipital areas than in non-responders.
conclusions : together , these findings indicate that rs-smr power is a specific and easy-to-measure predictor of later isc learning performance.
chromosome congression is the alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator , and is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation.
here we address this mechanism , focusing on the contribution of two mitotic motors , kid and cenp-e.
in cells depleted of hec1 , which is essential for end-on attachment , chromosomes show partial and transient congression.
this transient congression is further perturbed by co-depletion of kid , suggesting its role in chromosome congression.
our results may reflect the differential contributions of kid and cenp-e in chromosome congression in physiological conditions where stabilized microtubules are becoming increased.
she developed nausea and psychiatric symptoms , followed by fever and an acute progressive disturbance of consciousness.
the patient's drug-resistant status epilepticus markedly improved following second-line immunotherapy with rituximab and cyclophosphamide.
physicians should consider the early initiation of second-line therapy in certain cases of anti-nmdar encephalitis.
background : gal-3 is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis but is also increased with normal aging and renal dysfunction.
cardiac fibrosis may contribute to cardiac dysfunction , exercise intolerance , and congestion in hfpef.
analysis adjusted for age , sex , and / or cystatin-c levels.
results : gal-3 levels were associated with age and severity of renal dysfunction.
gal-3 did not identify patients who responded to phosphodiesterase type @number@ ( pde-5 ) inhibitors ( interaction p = @number@ ) .
there were no significant interaction or between-group differences and no significant changes in muscle cross-sectional area or health status were observed.
effect sizes for exercise and medication combined exceeded the effect sizes of either intervention in isolation.
objectives : to examine the association of employment status and characteristics with prevalent and incident memory complaints ( mc ) in 55-64-year-olds.
methods : subjects were participants of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
associations were adjusted for relevant covariates ( demographics , memory performance , physical health , mental health , personality traits ) .
logistic regression was applied.
data were weighed according to gender and age of the dutch population.
results : at baseline @percent@ reported mc.
at three-year follow-up , @percent@ had incident mc.
no associations were found between employment status and mc.
adjusted analysis revealed that individuals with high occupational cognitive demands were more likely to have prevalent mc.
conclusions : middle-aged workers are equally as likely to experience mc as non-working age-peers.
among workers , those with cognitively demanding work were more likely to experience mc , independent of memory performance.
memory decline due to ageing may be noticed sooner in 55-64-year-olds performing cognitively demanding work.
we used data from the @number@ behavioral risk factor surveillance system optional module on impact of cognitive impairment.
further understanding of the implications for long-term services and supports is needed.
these connections have been established primarily by phenotype-genotype association studies using apoe's three common genetic variants ( ε2 , ε3 , and ε4 ) .
one potential explanation for apoe's pleiotropic roles may lie in its unique epigenetic properties.
we close with a discussion of the prospective epigenetic implications of apoe in disease.
presenilins play essential roles in memory formation , synaptic function , and neuronal survival.
mutations in the presenilin-1 ( psen1 ) gene are the major cause of familial alzheimer's disease ( fad ) .
how psen1 mutations cause fad is unclear , and pathogenic mechanisms based on gain or loss of function have been proposed.
here , we generated psen1 knockin ( ki ) mice carrying the fad mutation l435f or c410y.
remarkably , ki mice homozygous for either mutation recapitulate the phenotypes of psen1 ( - / - ) mice.
neither mutation altered psen1 mrna expression , but both abolished γ-secretase activity.
heterozygosity for the ki mutation decreased production of aβ40 and aβ42 , increased the aβ42 / aβ40 ratio , and exacerbated aβ deposition.
furthermore , the l435f mutation impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory and causes age-dependent neurodegeneration in the aging cerebral cortex.
objective : to examine the relationships between smoking status and various domains of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly subjects.
results : all analyses were conducted separately by sex.
women never smokers exhibited significantly better scores than past and / or current smokers in some neurocognitive tests.
among men , never smokers had significantly higher scores , such as in the symbol digit substitution test.
multiple linear regression analysis showed that pack-years ( history of smoking ) were significantly associated with the symbol digit substitution test in men.
conclusions : smoking status may be associated with a decline in processing speed , and this decline varies by sex.
methods : we fit latent-class trajectory models of disablement using data from the health and retirement study.
among survivors ( ~20% of the sample ) , ttd is unknown , producing a missing-data problem.
we use an auxiliary regression equation to impute ttd and employ multiple imputation techniques to obtain final parameter estimates and standard errors.
results : our best-fitting model has @number@ latent classes.
we find gender , race , and educational differences in class-membership probabilities.
discussion : the model reveals a complex pattern of age- and time-dependent heterogeneity in late-life disablement.
the physiology of reproductive senescence in women is well understood , but the drivers of variation in senescence rates are less so.
evolutionary theory predicts that early-life investment in reproduction should be favoured by selection at the cost of reduced survival and faster reproductive senescence.
we tested this hypothesis using data collected from preindustrial finnish church records.
reproductive success increased up to age @number@ and was relatively stable until a decline from age @number@
however , women with higher elf experienced faster senescence in offspring survival.
despite these apparent costs , elf was under positive selection : individuals with higher elf had higher lifetime reproductive success.
the results are particularly significant given recent increases in maternal ages in many societies and the potential consequences for offspring health and fitness.
results : multilevel longitudinal models found that caregivers showed poorer well-being at @number@ months poststroke than controls on all measures except physical health qol.
for leisure satisfaction , differences were still significant at @number@ months poststroke.
caregiving effects were similar across race and sex.
caregiver leisure satisfaction was chronically lower than in noncaregivers.
intervention for stroke caregivers should recognize both the strains faced by caregivers and their capacity for successful coping over time.
experimental evidences now indicate that memory formation relies on the capacity of neuronal networks to manage long-term changes in synaptic communication.
these old animals do not develop oxidative stress suggesting that the d-serine-related pathway could be targeted by the age-related accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
astrocytic neuroprotective functions require energy , and therefore require a network of functional mitochondria.
disturbances to astrocytic mitochondrial homeostasis and their ability to produce atp can negatively impact neural function.
perturbations in astrocyte mitochondrial function may accrue as the result of physiological aging processes or as a consequence of neurotoxicant exposure.
hydrophobic environmental neurotoxicants , such as @number@ , 3-dinitrobenzene and α-chlorohydrin , cause regionally specific spongiform lesions mimicking energy deprivation syndromes.
astrocyte involvement includes mitochondrial damage that either precedes or is accompanied by neuronal damage.
similarly , environmental neurotoxicants that are implicated in the etiology of age-related neurodegenerative conditions cause regionally specific damage in the brain.
regional susceptibility to neuronal damage induced by aging by exposure to neurotoxicants may be a reflection of highly variable regional energy requirements.
this review identifies region-specific vulnerabilities in astrocyte mitochondria in examples of exposure to neurotoxicants and in age-related neurodegeneration.
methods : we examined relationships between serum ttr and a range of risk factors for mortality in @number@ free-living elderly women.
blood was drawn between breakfast and lunch.
results : ttr was correlated negatively with age ( r = -0.30 , p < 0.001 ) .
after controlling for age , ttr was negatively associated with log high-sensitivity crp ( hscrp ) and serum copper.
it was positively associated with albumin , serum iron and hemoglobin.
in addition , ttr was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and postprandial triglyceride ( tg ) .
the positive association of ttr with postprandial tg warrants further investigation.
conclusions / interpretation : the pancreas does not appear to be another target organ for abnormal endocrine function because of ectopic parenchymal fat storage.
no relationship was found between pancreatic adipose tissue infiltration and beta cell function , regardless of glucose tolerance status.
aim : to investigate the mechanical and chemical alterations of invisalign appliances after intraoral aging.
level of education and cognitive reserve assessment in neuropsychological testing deserve attention , as well as cultural , social , and economic aspects of caregiving.
assistive technologies for dementia care remain complex.
serious games are emerging as virtual educational and pleasurable tools , designed for individual and cooperative skill building.
dementia should remain presented as a stand-alone concept , distinct from frailty or loss of autonomy.
the basic science of sensory impairment and social engagement in people with dementia needs to be developed.
e-learning and serious games programs may enhance public and professional education.
faced with funding shortage , new professional dynamics and economic models may emerge through coordinated , flexible research networks.
psychosocial research could be viewed as an investment in quality of care , rather than an academic achievement in a few centers of excellence.
this would help provide a competitive advantage to the best operators.
dementia-friendly environments , culture , and domesticity are key factors for such interventions.
insulin resistance ( ir ) was associated with ci in the early cart era , when antiretroviral medications had greater mitochondrial and metabolic toxicity.
we sought to examine these relationships in the current cart era of reduced antiretroviral toxicities.
the mean ( standard deviation ( sd ) ) age of the sample was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
among all , the homeostasis model assessment ( homa ) of ir ranged from @number@ to @number@
these findings confirm associations between both ir and dm on some neuropsychological tests and identify an interaction between hiv status and ir.
complex frequency ratios , on the other hand , evoke feelings of tension or \ "dissonance \ ".
consonance and dissonance form the basis of harmony , a central component of western music.
compared with younger listeners , older listeners rated consonant chords as less pleasant and dissonant chords as more pleasant.
movement variability is often considered an unwanted byproduct of a noisy nervous system.
in healthy controls , reach variability increased as the probability of reward decreased.
control of variability depended on the history of past rewards , with the largest trial-to-trial changes occurring immediately after an unrewarded trial.
this was despite the fact that , after rewarded trials , reach variability in the patients was comparable to healthy controls.
in summary , we found that movement variability is partially a form of exploration driven by the recent history of rewards.
a word recognition in noise experiment was used to test the hypothesis that cingulo-opercular engagement provides performance benefit for older adults.
elevated cingulo-opercular activity was associated with an increased likelihood of correct recognition on the following trial independently of snr and performance on the preceding trial.
the cingulo-opercular effect increased for participants with the best overall performance.
these effects were lower for older adults compared with a younger , normal-hearing adult sample ( n = @number@ ) .
purpose : growing number of elderly lung cancer patients reflecting a lengthening life span has become a serious problem.
twenty-six patients ( @percent@ ) had major or minor postoperative morbidity , and one ( @percent@ ) died due to bronchopleural fistula.
overall-5-year survival rate was @percent@.
univariative and multivariative analysis using cox proportional hazard model revealed that male gender and non-adenocarcinoma histology were significant risk factors for poor prognosis.
conclusion : gender and histology should be taken into account in preoperative evaluation of indication for lung cancer in octogenarians.
the number of cells comprising biological structures represents fundamental information in basic anatomy , development , aging , drug tests , pathology and genetic manipulations.
we compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method and provide researchers with guidelines for choosing the best method for their particular needs.
tissue shrinkage is also not an issue , since the estimates provided are independent of tissue volume.
with aging , epidermal homeostasis and barrier function are disrupted.
in the present study , the same analysis was performed in aged skin in order to better understand the defects which occur with aging.
thirty healthy male volunteers ( @number@ ± @number@ years old ) were involved.
tape-strippings were carried out on the inner face of one forearm , the other unstripped forearm serving as control.
at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ h after stripping , tewl measurements were taken , and epidermis samples were collected.
total rna was extracted and analyzed using dermarray ( ® ) cdna microarrays.
the results highlighted that barrier function recovery and overall kinetics of gene expression were delayed following stripping in aged skin.
a total of @number@ genes were modulated in the young group.
in the aged group , @number@ genes were modulated , whose @number@ were also modulated in the young group.
only eight genes that were modulated in both groups were significantly differently modulated.
background : little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age.
in addition , ( @number@ ) h-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
neither variable was dependent on age.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct0036232.
background : nutritional assessment commonly includes multiple nutrition indicators ( nis ) .
to promote efficiency , a minimum set is needed for the diagnosis of malnutrition in the acute care setting.
participants were patients aged ≥18 y admitted to medical and surgical wards.
results : in total , @number@ patients had complete ni data and were available for analysis.
conclusions : sga , hgs , and food intake were independent predictors of outcomes for malnutrition.
this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct02351661.
the lung ages , like any other organ , with progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond to environmental stresses and injury.
understanding the mechanisms of accelerated ageing in copd may identify novel therapeutic approaches.
background : aortic valve calcification ( avc ) is a common progressive condition that involves several inflammatory and atherosclerotic mediators.
methods : a total of @number@ stable cad patients who underwent elective coronary intervention were enrolled in this clinical study.
high sensitive cardiac troponin t ( hs-ctnt ) was detected before and after the procedure.
pmi was defined as hs-ctnt after coronary intervention higher than 99th percentile upper reference limit ( url ) .
all patients underwent echocardiography to detect the occurrence of avc.
univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to analyze risk factors of pmi.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) were diagnosed with pmi after elective coronary intervention.
conclusion : avc significantly increased the risk of pmi after elective coronary intervention.
it could be one of the independent predictors for pmi in stable cad patients.
in light of this important role , the vascular endothelium is expected to have a self-defense system.
the unique features of vash1 are its anti-angiogenic activity and ability to promote the stress tolerance and survival of ecs.
this review summarizes current knowledge regarding vash1 in terms of its roles in maintaining vascular integrity and protecting the vasculature against various forms of stress.
staphylococcus aureus ( s. aureus ) is a prominent human and livestock pathogen investigated widely using omic technologies.
critically , due to availability , low visibility or scattered resources , robust network and statistical contextualisation of the resulting data is generally under-represented.
here , we present novel meta-analyses of freely-accessible molecular network and gene ontology annotation information resources for s. aureus omics data interpretation.
this paper describes some novel spatial tasks and questionnaires designed to assess spatial and orientation abilities.
the internal reliability of the new tasks and questionnaires was analyzed , as well as their relationship with the spatial and working memory tests.
multiple myeloma ( mm ) is a plasma cell neoplasm with a chronic disease course that primarily affects elderly individuals.
the introduction of novel agents such as thalidomide , lenalidomide and bortezomib has significantly improved the outcome for mm patients , including the elderly.
quality of life in mm is influenced by disease-related symptoms , treatment-related toxicity and treatment response.
in addition to conventional endpoints as response , quality of life should be carefully evaluated during each therapeutic phase.
moreover , elderly patients may sometimes prioritize maintaining quality of life above prolonging survival.
over the past @number@ years , the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection has fallen as standards of living improved.
a retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia from @number@ to @number@
h. pylori status was assessed by histology plus the rapid urease test or 13c-ubt.
gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated histologically.
data including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) use and the presence of peptic ulcers were collected.
the prevalence of h. pylori was calculated for each quartile and for each birth cohort from @number@ to @number@
@number@ records were retrieved for the analysis ( @percent@ women ) .
the overall prevalence of h. pylori infection was @percent@ ( m : @percent@ vs. f : @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of infection occurred over the 19-year observation period.
the birth cohort effect was evident in each category ( quartile ) reflecting the continuous decline in h. pylori acquisition.
the prevalence of gastric mucosal changes also declined despite aging.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms.
dementia is a frequent complication of idiopathic parkinsonism or pd , usually occurring later in the protracted course of the illness.
it is not yet clear if some genetic factors are either risk or protector for progression to dementia.
gba ( glucocerebrosidase ) is another accountable factor.
the field of stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising research area for brain repair.
optimizing the safety and efficacy of the therapy for clinical trials will require revisiting transplantation protocols.
the cell delivery route stands as a key translational item that warrants careful consideration in facilitating the success of stem cell therapy in the clinic.
intracerebral administration , compared to peripheral route , requires an invasive procedure to directly implant stem cells into injured brain.
methods and results : the present study retrospectively included a total of @number@ patients receiving successful slow-pathway rf ablation for typical slow-fast avnrt.
the overall procedure success rates were similar.
there was no significant difference between the @number@ groups in respect of the complications rates.
what leads a person to commit this final , desperate act , and how might we predict , intervene , and prevent suicide ?
the incidence of skin cancer continues to increase annually despite preventative measures.
the level of antioxidants contained in the majority of skin creams is not sufficient to majorly impact free radical damage.
sunscreens absorb only a portion of uv radiation and often are not photostable.
in this review article , we present the novel use of exogenous dna repair enzymes and describe their role in combating photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.
topical application of these enzymes serves to supplement intrinsic dna repair mechanisms.
the direct repair of dna damage by endogenous repair enzymes lessens rates of mutagenesis and strengthens the immune response to tumor cells.
however , these innate mechanisms are not @percent@ efficient.
the use of exogenous dna repair enzymes presents a novel way to supplement intrinsic mechanisms and improve their efficacy.
several dna repair enzymes critical to the prevention of cutaneous malignancies have been isolated and added to topical preparations designed for skin cancer prevention.
these dna repair enzymes maximize the rate of dna repair and provide a more efficient response to carcinogenesis.
in this evaluator-blind , placebo-controlled study , microinjections of stabilized hyaluronic acid ( ha ) gel for rejuvenation of aging hands were evaluated.
efficacy was evaluated by patients and investigators using the global aesthetic improvement scale ( gais ) .
self-assessment questionnaires , biomechanical measurements , and adverse events ( aes ) were analyzed.
thirty women ( mean age : @number@ years ) provided data up to m05.
mean patient scores at m01-m03 were significantly higher for ha gel than for saline ( p < 0.05 ) .
maximum roughness ( p < 0.05 ) and waviness ( p < 0.01 ) were significantly improved versus saline.
all aes were mild and anticipated , with no serious aes.
overall , ha gel injections were generally well tolerated and efficacious for rejuvenation of aging hands compared with saline.
sustained improvements at @number@ months compared with baseline indicate that efficacy could be maintained long term.
objective : this study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of @percent@ stabilized retinol on photodamaged skin during a one-year treatment.
methods : the investigation included two 52-week , double-blind , vehicle-controlled studies.
in the main study , @number@ subjects applied either a stabilized retinol formulation or its vehicle to the full face.
a second exploratory study evaluated histological / histochemical markers in @number@ subjects after @number@ weeks of either retinol or vehicle use on contralateral dorsal forearms.
results : the retinol group showed significant photodamage improvement over vehicle at all timepoints during the study.
onychomycosis is an often overlooked and / or undertreated disease.
some health care providers are unaware of the effective low-risk treatments currently available.
two topical onychomycosis treatments , efinaconazole @percent@ solution , and tavaborole @percent@ solution were recently approved by the fda.
this article reviews the state of knowledge and describes , briefly , these new treatment options.
strategies to enhance weight loss with a high fat-to-lean ratio in overweight / obese older adults are important since lean loss could exacerbate sarcopenia.
in skew myofibrillar fsr remained lower than eb ( p = @number@ ) and lower than bal ( p = @number@ ) .
fed-state sarcoplasmic protein fsr was reduced similarly in er and er + rt compared with eb ( p < @number@ ) in both groups.
combining rt with a bal protein distribution \ "rescued \ " the lower rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis during moderate er.
more than @number@ mutations in the gene encoding a-type lamins ( lmna ) cause progeria , a rare premature aging disorder.
however , the functional significance of these progeria-associated blebs remains unknown.
these structural defects are likely to contribute to gene expression changes reported in progeria and other types of laminopathies.
subjective age , or how young or old individuals experience themselves to be relative to their chronological age , is a crucial construct in gerontology.
telomere length was available for a subset of participants in the @number@ wave ( n = @number@ ) .
in contrast , blood pressure and telomere length were not related to subjective age.
studying ethnically diverse groups is important for furthering our understanding of biological mechanisms of disease that may vary across human populations.
we found a significant interaction effect of carrying apoe ε4 and being chinese.
after correction for multiple testing , the left cuneus remained significantly associated with the interaction effect ( pfwe = @number@ ) .
our study suggests there is a differential effect of apoe ε4 on brain volume in chinese versus white cognitively normal elderly adults.
mitochondria are known to be functional organelles , but their role as a signaling unit is increasingly being appreciated.
mots-c treatment in mice prevented age-dependent and high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance , as well as diet-induced obesity.
these results suggest that mitochondria may actively regulate metabolic homeostasis at the cellular and organismal level via peptides encoded within their genome.
mots-c , a mitochondrially encoded open reading frame-derived peptide recently discovered by lee et al.
@number@ ( this issue of cell metabolism ) promotes biosynthesis of an endogenous amp analog , aicar.
20gppd is the primary bioactive metabolite of rb1 , a major ginsenoside found in ginseng ( panax ginseng ) .
we sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the 20gppd-induced production of ha.
we found that 20gppd induced an increase in ha production by elevating hyaluronan synthase @number@ ( has2 ) expression in human keratinocytes.
the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( erk ) and akt was also enhanced by 20gppd in a dose-dependent manner.
the increased src phosphorylation was also confirmed following treatment with 20gppd in the human keratinocytes.
following pre-treatment with the src inhibitor , pp2 , both ha production and has2 expression were attenuated.
furthermore , the 20gppd-enhanced erk and akt signaling decreased following treatment with pp2.
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers.
most patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are thought to be in an early stage of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging reflects spontaneous brain activity and / or the endogenous / background neurophysiological process of the human brain.
regional homogeneity ( reho ) rapidly maps regional brain activity across the whole brain.
in the present study , we used the reho index to explore whole brain spontaneous activity pattern in mci.
impairments in the medial temporal gyrus and hippocampus may serve as important markers distinguishing mci from healthy aging.
moreover , the increased reho index observed in the postcentral and paracentral lobes might indicate compensation for the cognitive function losses in individuals with mci.
correlation study revealed moderate correlations between hsdi-derived parameters and conventional acoustic or aerodynamic parameters.
conclusions : the combination of multiple hsdi analysis methods was effective in documenting the characteristics of vocal fold vibrations in vfa.
the knowledge of general vibratory characteristics and gender difference is beneficial for the appropriate clinical care of vfa.
objectives : focal dystonia of the head and neck are associated with a loss of kinesthetic acuity at muscles distant from the dystonic sites.
that is , while the motor deficits in focal dystonia are confined , the associated somatosensory deficits are generalized.
second , @number@ of @number@ dystonia subjects ( @percent@ ) exhibited an ai for position sense above the control group maximum.
three sd subjects had a motion sense ai above the control group maximum.
conclusions : the results indicate that impaired limb proprioception is a common feature of sd.
like other forms of focal dystonia , spasmodic dystonia does affect the somatosensation of nondystonic muscle systems.
that is , sd is associated with a generalized somatosensory deficit.
micrornas ( mirnas ) have emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis.
several mirnas , which can function either as oncomirs or tumor suppressive mirs are deregulated in cancer cells.
the microrna-31 ( mir-31 ) has been shown to be overexpressed in metastatic breast cancer.
it promotes multiple oncogenic phenotypes , including proliferation , motility , and invasion of cancer cells.
the up-regulation of mir-31 was accompanied by repression of the polycomb group ( pcg ) protein bmi1 and induction of cellular senescence.
we further show that inhibition of mir-31 overcomes the senescence-inducing effect of hdaci , and restores expression of the pcg protein bmi1.
interestingly , bmi1 also acts as a repressor of mir-31 transcription , suggesting a cross-negative feedback loop between the expression of mir-31 and bmi1.
our data suggest that mir-31 is an important physiological target of hdaci , and that it is an important regulator of senescence relevant to cancer.
these studies further suggest that manipulation of mir-31 expression can be used to modulate senescence-related pathological conditions such as cancer , and the aging process.
methods : we conducted a population-based prospective study as a part of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
baseline cardiovascular risk factors were compared according to the development of mci or dementia during the study period.
results : at the baseline evaluation , @number@ subjects were cognitively normal and @number@ subjects had mci.
the progression group exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension and greater cimt compared with the nonprogression group.
the association between greater baseline cimt and the progression of cognitive impairment was maintained after adjustment for conventional baseline risk factors of cognitive impairment.
greater baseline cimt was also independently associated with the development of mci in the subjects whose baseline cognitive function was normal.
conclusions : greater baseline cimt was independently associated with the risk of cognitive impairment , such as mci and dementia in elderly subjects.
background : late-life depression and physical frailty are supposed to be reciprocally associated , however , longitudinal studies are lacking.
objectives : this study examines whether physical frailty predicts a higher incidence of depression , as well as a less favorable course of depression.
methods : a population-based cohort study of @number@ people aged @number@ years and over with follow-up measures at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
results : a total of @number@ out of @number@ ( @percent@ ) nondepressed persons developed depressed mood during follow-up.
of the @number@ persons with depressed mood at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) experienced remission during follow-up.
future studies into the pathophysiological mechanisms may guide the development of new treatment opportunities for these vulnerable patients.
background : pressure ulcers ( pus ) are more frequent in older patients , and the healing process is usually challenging.
objective : to summarize and critically appraise the evidence from srs of the primary studies on nonpharmacologic interventions to treat pus in older patients.
design : sr and meta-analysis of comparative studies.
methods : pubmed , cochrane database of systematic reviews , embase , and cinhal ( from inception to @date@ ) were searched.
a new search for updates in the cochrane database was launched in @date@ .
any primary study with experimental design was then identified and included.
interventions were identified and compared among different studies to explore the possibility of performing a meta-analysis , using complete ulcer healing as the outcome measure.
results : one hundred ten srs with @number@ primary studies satisfied the inclusion criteria.
electrotherapy showed some beneficial effect in the treatment of pus , although the quality of evidence is low.
this situation is especially alarming for interventions that are usually standard clinical practice ( repositioning , support surfaces ) .
although there is some evidence in younger populations and other types of ulcers , studies in older populations with pus using sound methodology are needed.
for both subjective and partially occluded contours , interpolation was affected more by support ratio than absolute size.
however , subjective contours were less precisely interpolated and their interpolation was affected more by support ratio than was the case for partial occlusion.
experiment @number@ used a subset of retinal size and support ratio levels in children and adults.
the behavioral symptoms are distressing to patients and their caregivers.
non-pharmacological management is important as no disease-specific pharmacological treatment for ftd is currently available.
the primary objective is to review the literature on non-pharmacological management for ftd and to propose directions for future research , with reference to findings.
a search was performed using pubmed , medline , and embase.
search terms included \ "frontotemporal dementia \ " , and words related to non-pharmacological management , and it identified a total of @number@ articles.
results revealed that very few randomized controlled trials exist on non-pharmacological management interventions for ftd.
these interventions have been proposed by literature based on clinical experience.
these limitations warrant well-designed large-scale research to examine effects of non-pharmacological interventions on behavioral symptoms of ftd.
the present study attempted to examine the relationships between family support , negative interaction , and psychological well-being in older thai parents.
methods : the sample included @number@ elderly parents aged @number@ years and older.
multiple regression models were employed to determine whether received support , anticipated support , and negative interaction influence older parents ' well-being.
however , psychological well-being was lower for those with more negative family interactions.
conclusion : the results suggest that filial piety and family solidarity should be considered when developing elder care policy and interventions to promote psychological well-being.
the @number@'-amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) , which is a sensor of cellular energy , regulates neuronal survival and energy homeostasis.
however , the roles of ampk in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are unclear.
in addition , the ampk-mediated inhibition of p-tau396 expression was attenuated by okadaic acid , a protein phosphatase 2a ( pp2a ) inhibitor.
introduction : suicide rates among middle-aged men and women in the u.s. have been increasing since @number@ with a sharp escalation since @number@
purpose : to examine whether suicides with circumstances related to economic crises increased disproportionately among the middle-aged between @number@ and @number@
suffocation is a suicide method that is highly lethal , requires relatively little planning , and is readily available.
efforts that target employers and workplaces as important stakeholders in the prevention of suicide and link the unemployed to mental health resources are warranted.
background : the nine-card sorting test provides valid and reliable scores when screening executive function , intelligence , and academic achievement.
it is also useful for detecting cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly and for assessing disease evolution and treatment effectiveness.
it deals with three non-verbal sorting principles , individually and in pairs.
the presence of risk in the ability to discover and organize visual logical stimuli is explored.
combinations in pairs ( double arrays ) were assessed ( range : 0-3 ) .
results : significant effects of age and education were observed , but no interactions among the demographic variables were seen.
differences between the second and third levels of education and between men and women were not significant.
this is advantageous for reporting risk.
of the whole sample , the 25th percentile ( score = @number@ ) represented a valid index for possible deficits.
ageing questions are highlighted.
the test is also fruitful for studies on visuospatial organization and its facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms.
experimental evidence shows that telomere shortening induces mitochondrial damage but so far studies in humans are scarce.
statistical mediation analysis was used to study intermediate mechanisms of the telomere-mitochondrial axis of ageing.
ltl correlated with leukocyte mtdna content in our studied elderly ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the other studied candidates showed significant correlations in the telomere-mitochondrial interactome but not independent from sirt1.
sirt1 gene expression was estimated to mediate @percent@ of the positive association between ltl and leukocyte mtdna content.
the key finding of our study was that sirt1 expression plays a pivotal role in the telomere-mitochondrial interactome.
objective : to explore what older people with sight impairment believe to be the causes of falls.
design : a qualitative design was used , incorporating focus groups and interviews in which participants discussed falls and falls prevention.
framework analysis was employed to identify themes arising from participants ' discussions of the causes of falls.
results : relevant data was available for @number@ alsa participants.
the prevalence of self-reported constipation increased from @percent@ in 1992-1993 to @percent@ in 2003-2004.
there was a corresponding increase in the prevalence of laxative use from @percent@ to @percent@ over the same period.
persistent chronic constipation occurred in @percent@ of the cohort.
the association between laxative use and self-reported constipation was poor and laxative use was associated with self-reported constipation in less than a third of cases.
the original pink-eyed dilution ( p ) on chromosome @number@ is a very old spontaneous mutation in mice.
the oculocutaneous albinism ii ( oca2 ) gene has previously been identified as the p gene.
our genetic linkage analysis suggests that the locus for the pink-eyed dilution phenotype of nct is tightly linked to the oca2 locus.
pcr cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that the nct mouse has a nonsense nucleotide substitution at exon @number@ of the oca2 gene.
rt-pcr analysis revealed that the oca2 transcripts were absent in the skin of nct mice , suggesting intervention of the nonsense-mediated mrna decay pathway.
collectively , the data in this study indicate that the nonsense nucleotide substitution in the oca2 gene underlies the oca2 ( p ) allele.
antiresorptives reduce the number of basic multicellular units ( bmus ) remodeling bone and reduce the volume of bone each bmu resorbs.
intermittent parathyroid hormone ( pth ) increases the volume of bone formed by existing bmus and those generated by pth administration.
pth also increases bone formation by stimulating the differentiation , maturation , and longevity of osteoblast lineage cells residing upon quiescent bone surfaces.
combined therapy remains a potentially valuable approach to therapy.
background : depression is common in older people in general hospital settings and associated with poor outcomes.
subsequently , participants completed the two depression screening questions and the 15-item version of the geriatric depression scale ( gds-15 ) .
the gds-15 optimal cut-off was @date@ with a sensitivity of @percent@ , specificity of @percent@ , ppv of @percent@ and npv of @percent@.
conclusion : the two depression questions perform well as an initial screening process for non-cognitively impaired older people in the acute medical setting.
the structure and function of pen-2 in vitro have been well defined.
however , little is known about the neuroanatomical distribution and expression of pen-2 in the central nervous system ( cns ) of ad model mice.
it is co-expressed with ps1 in specific neuronal cells in mouse brain.
pen-2 is distributed much more extensively than extracellular amyloid deposits , suggesting the importance of other factors in localized amyloid deposition.
pen-2 is localized predominantly in cell membrane and cytoplasma in adult ad mice , but only distributed at cell membrane in controls.
methods : @number@ untrained subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) first completed a 1-rm direct assessment with a horizontal leg press pre- and post-training.
the rpe was recorded immediately after the sets.
that rpe associated to its corresponding load was subjected to a linear regression analysis to extrapolate the maximal rpe score and its corresponding 1-rm.
importantly , this method allows to capture training-induced change in 1-rm , thus making possible assessing training's effectiveness and allowing its modification if necessary.
one ml saliva and @number@ ml whole blood were collected from each person.
an elisa kit was used to measure both the plasma and salivary lipofuscin levels.
conclusion : no gender-dependent differences were observed in either the salivary or plasma lipofuscin levels.
the salivary and plasma lipofuscin levels were positively correlated , and the age is positively correlated with lipofuscin content in saliva.
aim : to characterize the periprocedural course of patients with primary osteolysis syndrome undergoing procedures that require anesthesia care.
we reviewed demographic characteristics , comorbidities , and perioperative course of patients with different forms of primary osteolysis.
a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify reports describing the anesthetic management of patients with these conditions.
results : we identified @number@ patients with a primary osteolysis syndrome who received @number@ anesthetics.
the patients ' ages at the time of surgery ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
difficult airway management was a common finding.
on preoperative examination , difficulty with endotracheal intubation was predicted in @number@ of @number@ patients.
three patients had preexisting tracheostomies.
one patient required multiple awake fiberoptic intubations.
intraoperative complications were absent.
in the postoperative period , three patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation due to airway swelling , respiratory failure , and infection.
conclusions : airway management may be challenging in patients with primary osteolysis syndromes.
in all patients with primary osteolysis , a potential for pathologic fracture must be considered and careful intraoperative positioning is warranted.
stroke is a leading cause of mortality and severe long-term disability worldwide.
development of effective treatment or new therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke patients is therefore crucial.
ischemic stroke promotes neurogenesis by several growth factors including fgf-2 , igf-1 , bdnf , vegf and chemokines including sdf-1 , mcp-1.
stroke-induced angiogenesis is similarly regulated by many factors most notably , enos and cse , vegf / vegfr2 , and ang-1 / tie2.
important findings in the last decade have revealed that neurogenesis is not the stand-alone consideration in the fight for full functional recovery from stroke.
angiogenesis has been also shown to be critical in improving post-stroke neurological functional recovery.
more than that , recent evidence has shown a highly possible interplay or dependence between stroke-induced neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : cell interactions in stroke.
hip bmd was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) at all three time-points.
fracture data were collected at 4-monthly phone calls and verified radiographically.
statistical modeling was by general estimating equations and cox model regression.
serum t , dht , e2 , and e1 levels were not associated with incident fractures in univariate or multivariate-adjusted analyses.
in older men , lower serum shbg , fsh , and lh and higher e1 levels protected against loss of bmd without increasing fracture rate.
this means these reproductive variables may be considered as novel biomarkers of bone health during male aging.
lower muscle mass and strength are also associated with lower bone mineral density and greater risk for osteoporotic fractures.
unfortunately , there are no consensus diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.
consequently there is no guidance to help clinicians identify older adults with clinically meaningful low muscle mass or weakness.
women show higher vitamin c plasma concentrations than men , but the reasons for this observation still require elucidation.
fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin c were assessed by photometric detection in a cross-sectional study of @number@ women and eighty-nine men aged 62-92 years.
body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
vitamin c intake was assessed with a @number@ d estimated dietary record.
women showed higher vitamin c plasma concentrations than men ( @number@ @date@ μmol / l , p < 0·0001 ) .
during aging declining maximum force capacity with more or less unchanged fatigability is observed with the underlying mechanisms still not fully understood.
therefore , we compared morphology and function of skeletal muscles between different age groups.
in addition , t1-weighted mri data were acquired to determine muscle cross-sectional areas ( csa ) and to assess fat infiltration into muscle tissue.
changes of mfmri parameters were significantly associated with rpe in both cohorts.
these findings are ascribed to age-related changes of fiber type composition , fiber size and vascularity.
interestingly , post exercise f was negatively associated with fat infiltration with the latter being significantly higher in late-middle-aged subjects.
human serum albumin ( hsa ) , transporting protein , is exposed during its life to numerous factors that cause its functions become impaired.
one of the basic factors glycation of hsa occurs in diabetes and may affect hsa-drug binding.
the aim of the present work was to estimate how non-enzymatic glycation of human serum albumin altered its tertiary structure using fluorescence technique.
changes of the microenvironment around the tryptophan residue ( trp-214 ) of non-glycated and glycated proteins was investigated by the red-edge excitation shift method.
it indicates that the glycation products decreases the polarity microenvironment around the fluorophores.
analysis of red-edge excitation shift method showed that the red-shift for ghsa ( frc ) is higher than for hsa.
tns fluorescent measurement demonstrated the decrease of hydrophobicity in the glycated albumin.
the aim of this study is to compare italian single-centre mid-term outcome in prospective patients treated with lvad vs. htx.
patients that were treated with lvad had a worse risk profile in comparison with htx patients.
concordant data was observed at 2-year follow-up.
despite worse preoperative conditions , survival is not significantly lower after lvad than after htx at 2-year follow-up.
we assessed whether polymers of n-acetylglucosamine ( glcnac ) have any pathogenetic role in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
first , by using specific dyes , we found deposits of polymers of glcnac in sporadic but not in familial ad.
moreover , the exposure of organotypic hippocampal cultures to the same compounds led to synaptic impairment with decreased levels of syntaxin and synaptophysin.
in addition , acute hippocampal slices treated with glcnac / udp-glcnac showed a clear reduction of long-term potentiation of excitatory synapses.
taken together , our results indicate that both microglia and neurons produce glcnac polymers , which trigger neurotoxicity both directly and through microglia activation.
glcnac polymer-driven neurotoxicity offers novel pathogenic insights in sporadic ad and new therapeutic options.
objectives : genomic aneuploidy is a common cause of human genetic disorders.
individuals with aneuploidy tend to develop malignancies.
recent studies correlated aneuploidy with early aging , senescence and organ dysfunction.
this study investigated potential explanations for these increased risks by evaluating random aneuploidy and senescence rates in amniocytes from fetuses with aneuploidy.
senescence was evaluated by calculating the percentage of amniocytes with fragmented nuclei : senescence associated heterochromatin foci ( sahf ) , using dapi staining.
increased rates of amniocytes with sahfs were observed among the trisomy samples compared to the control group.
conclusions : higher incidence of random aneuploidy and senescence were observed in amniocytes from fetuses with trisomy.
these findings might explain the greater lifetime tendency to develop malignancies and diseases related to early aging in these individuals.
methods : we recruited @number@ healthy subjects.
we administered the neo five-factor inventory to assess personality factors.
magnetic resonance imaging was performed , and regional grey matter ( gm ) volumes were obtained.
we identified associations in the correlation analysis of age , cerebral gm volume , years of education , and the personality trait of openness.
path analysis was used to estimate the relationships among these factors.
ageing was related to a decrease in gm volume , which was in turn related to a decrease in the openness score.
older subjects generally had fewer years of education , which was related to a lower openness score.
aim : to examine the literature on the impact of the discharge experience of patients with dementia and their continuity of care.
also reviewed were department of health and ageing and alzheimer's australia research reports between @number@ and @number@
objective : to evaluate the utility of routine hormone evaluation in all men presenting for infertility by understanding the relationship between sperm concentration and hypoandrogenism.
methods : we performed a retrospective cross-sectional study between @date@ and @date@ at a tertiary referral center in utah.
ninety-four men presenting for infertility consecutively between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years were identified.
secondary outcomes included association of normospermia , oligozoospermia , or azoospermia with biochemical or clinical hypoandrogenism.
conclusion : hypoandrogenism is common among infertile men , and routine hormonal evaluation may identify hypoandrogenism in many infertile men with otherwise normal semen analysis.
sperm concentration ( normospermia , oligozoospermia , and azoospermia ) is not well associated with hypoandrogenism in infertile men.
the rate of muscle loss with aging is higher in men than women.
however , women have smaller muscles throughout the adult life.
protein content is a major determinant of skeletal muscle size.
however , there were no age or sex differences or interaction for muscle fsr ( p > 0.05 ) .
body mass index , fat free mass , or body fat was not a significant covariate and did not influence the results.
we conclude that age and sex do not influence basal muscle protein synthesis.
purpose : whether vitamin c is a protective factor for age-related cataract remains unclear.
thus , we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies of vitamin c and the risk of age-related cataract.
methods : pertinent studies were identified by searching in pubmed and in webscience.
the random effect model was used to combine the results.
meta-regression and subgroups analyses were used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity.
publication bias was estimated using egger's regression asymmetry test.
significant association of cataract risk with highest versus the lowest category of serum ascorbate was found in general [ @number@ ( @number@.564-0.879 ) ] .
inverse associations were also found between serum ascorbate and nuclear cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract.
conclusions : higher vitamin c intake and serum ascorbate might be inversely associated with risk of cataract.
vitamin c intake should be advocated for the primary prevention of cataract.
amyloid-β peptide aβ ( 25-35 ) was shown to cause lysis of rat erythrocytes of different ages.
the toxicity of aβ ( 25-35 ) positively correlated with both the erythrocyte age andthe peptide concentration.
the activity of glycolytic , antioxidant , and na + / k ( + ) -atpase enzymes decreased with erythrocyte aging in vivo.
although emotion regulation modulates the pain experience , inconsistencies have been identified regarding the impact of specific regulation strategies on pain.
upon arrival to the laboratory , participants completed the emotion regulation questionnaire , to quantify self-reported suppression and reappraisal tendencies.
subsequently , they completed a thermal pain threshold and tolerance task.
they were then provided with instructions to use , depending on their experimental condition , suppression , reappraisal , or monitoring strategies.
afterward , they were exposed to experimentally induced pain.
self-report measures of pain , anxiety , and tension were administered , and facial expressions , heart rate , and galvanic skin response were recorded.
reappraisal and suppression induction led to reductions in nonverbal and verbal indices of pain.
naturally occurring retirement community ( norc ) supportive service programs constitute one of the longest-standing models for age-friendly community initiatives.
this range and flexibility of benefits indicate the importance of more systematically characterizing the ways in which older adults are involved with norc programs.
for this purpose , we used data from in-depth interviews with @number@ residents across @number@ norc programs in new york city.
findings suggest the importance for outcomes research on norc programs and related models to consider subgroup differences by involvement.
background : disability , functionality , and morbidity are often used to describe the health of the elderly.
although particularly important when planning health and social services , knowledge about their distribution and aggregation at different ages is limited.
we aim to characterize the variation of health status in a 60 + old population using five indicators of health separately and in combination.
methods : @number@ adults 60 + living in sweden between @number@ and @number@ and participating at the snac-k population-based cohort study.
results : probability of multimorbidity and probability of slow gait speed were already above @percent@ and @percent@ among sexagenarians.
median mmse and median i-adl showed good performance range until age @number@ median p-adl was close to zero up to age @number@
thirty% of sexagenarians and @percent@ of septuagenarians had no morbidity and no impairment , @percent@ and @percent@ of them had no disability.
twenty-eight% of octogenarians had multimorbidity but only @percent@ had some i-adl disability.
among nonagenarians , @percent@ had severe disability and impaired functioning while @percent@ had multimorbidity and slow gait speed.
conclusions : age 80-85 is a transitional period when major health changes take place.
until age @number@ most people do not have functional impairment or disability , despite the presence of chronic disorders.
disability becomes common only after age @number@
this implies an increasing need of medical care after age @number@ whereas social care , including institutionalization , becomes a necessity only in nonagenarians.
reactivation of the varicella zoster virus ( vzv ) increases during aging.
the numbers of circulating ifn-γ-secreting vzv-specific cd4 ( + ) t cells are significantly decreased in old subjects.
the majority of t cells in the skin of both age groups expressed cd69 , a characteristic of skin-resident t cells.
therefore , vzv-specific cd4 ( + ) t cells in the skin of older individuals are functionally competent.
however , their activity may be restricted by multiple inhibitory influences in situ.
until recently , most studies on social capital and health have been cross-sectional making it difficult to draw causal conclusions.
two forms of structural social capital , i.e. informal socializing and social participation , were measured.
the results support that changes in access to structural social capital over time impact on srh.
gaining access to social participation was harmful for srh for women ( or @number@ 95%ci = @number@ @date@ ) .
dementia is among the most frequent causes of disability in the elderly.
up today , there are no effective therapies that allow to modify the disease course.
great efforts have been made in studying biological correlates of dementia.
a growing body of evidence is reporting that classical cardiovascular risk factors are potent predictors of several forms of dementia.
the association between blood pressure and dementia seems to be complex and far from being unidirectional.
both high and low blood pressure levels have been reported to be associated with impairment in cognitive function in older subjects.
future longitudinal studies are deemed necessary in order to obtain consistent results.
in general , the hypothesis of dementia prevention by risk factor control at a population level needs to be established.
background : research on aging has consistently demonstrated an increased chance of survival for older adults who are integrated into rich networks of social relationships.
theoretical explanations state that personal networks offer indirect psychosocial and direct physiological pathways.
we investigate whether effects on and pathways to mortality risk differ between functional and structural characteristics of the personal network.
the objective is to inquire which personal network characteristics are the best predictors of mortality risk after adjustment for mental , cognitive and physical health.
the sample included @number@ dutch respondents aged @number@ to @number@ at baseline in @number@ and six follow-ups covering a time span of twenty years.
statistical analyses comprised of cox proportional hazard regression models.
findings suggest differential effects of personal network characteristics on survival , with only small gender differences.
mortality risk was initially reduced by functional characteristics , but disappeared after full adjustment for the various health variables.
more research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms underlying these relations.
hearing loss , presbycusis , is one of the most common sensory declines in the ageing population.
the fmri showed only minimal activation in response to the @number@ khz stimulation , despite the fact that all subjects heard the stimulus.
both elderly groups showed greater activation in response to acoustical stimuli in the temporal lobes in comparison with young subjects.
no statistically significant differences in activation of the auditory cortex were found between the mp and ep groups.
serum cholesterol , both total and lipoprotein fractions , has been associated with mid- and late-life depression.
findings were compared by sex.
( hypothesis @number@ ) in addition , baseline depressive symptoms as predictors for longitudinal change in lipid profile trajectory were tested.
( hypothesis @number@ ) mixed-effects regression analyses stratified by sex was used.
in summary , atherogenic indices were directly linked to faster increase in depressive symptoms among women only.
more studies are needed to explain these sex-specific associations.
older adults with cognitive decline have reduced functional independence and quality of life , and are at greater risk for developing dementia.
therefore , identifying biomarkers that can be easily assessed within the clinical setting and predict cognitive decline is important.
early recognition of cognitive decline could promote timely implementation of preventive strategies.
each of these models was carefully tested with nested cross-validation.
results : our model with the six variables consistently selected in every cross-validation loop had a mean squared prediction error of @number@
this number was smaller than that of the full model ( @number@ ) and the model with baseline cognitive function ( @number@ ) .
our model explained @percent@ of the variance in cognitive function after one year.
these six physical function and health status measures can be easily implemented in a clinical setting.
however , longitudinal data on the association between csvd and depressive symptoms are scarce.
the authors investigated the association between csvd and incident depressive symptoms.
incident depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥6 on the 15-item geriatric depression scale and / or use of antidepressant medication.
results : depressive symptoms occurred in @percent@ of the participants.
results were qualitatively similar when change in the geriatric depression scale score over time was used as the outcome instead of incident depressive symptoms.
conclusions : most markers of progression of csvd over time and some markers of baseline csvd are associated with concurrently developing new depressive symptoms.
these findings support the vascular depression hypothesis.
human endogenous retroviruses ( hervs ) have been implicated in human physiology and in human pathology.
in addition , the transcriptional levels of herv-h , herv-k , and herv-w change significantly during the life span , albeit with distinct patterns.
our results , reinforce the hypothesis of a physiological correlation between hervs activity and the different stages of life in humans.
studies aiming at identifying the factors , which are responsible for these changes during the individual's life , are still needed.
purpose : many investigators have reported rising numbers of elderly patients admitted to the intensive care units ( icus ) .
materials and methods : a prospective cohort study in the icu of the university hospital center of tirana , albania , was conducted.
results : in this study , @number@ patients participated , of whom @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were aged ≥65 years.
the prevalence of malnutrition risk at the time of icu admission of the patients aged ≥65 years old was @percent@.
conclusion : malnutrition risk is highly prevalent among elderly icu patients , especially among severely ill patients with malignancy admitted to the emergency ward.
icu elderly patients at malnutrition risk will have higher complication and infection rates , longer duration of icu stay , and increased mortality.
methods : participants were @number@ finnish men and women born between @number@ and @number@ who participated in the helsinki birth cohort study.
they underwent the cerad-nb at a mean age of @number@ years.
among those with tertiary levels of education , late preterm birth was not associated with cerad-nb scores.
our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-related neurocognitive impairment , especially among those born late preterm.
the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mobility and plantarflexor muscle-tendon properties in healthy older adults.
plantarflexion strength ( p = @number@ ) and soleus fascicle length ( p = @number@ ) were independently associated with tug.
conclusions : plantarflexor muscle-tendon properties were associated with mobility in older adults independent of lower extremity lean mass , leg extension strength , or power.
plantarflexion strength was a stronger predictor of mobility than leg extension strength or power.
the novel finding of this study was that muscle architecture and tendon properties explained interindividual differences in mobility.
this study highlights the importance of the plantarflexors for mobility in older adults and provides understanding of possible mechanisms of age-related decline in mobility.
participants who reported a history of cancer or who had missing data were excluded , yielding @number@ subjects for analysis.
all analyses included fine adjustment for cigarette smoking.
fourteen of @number@ specific cancer sites showed a reduction in risk associated with increased adherence.
these data suggest that , after accounting for cigarette smoking , adherence to a set of healthy behaviors may have considerable health benefits.
background : recent evidence has indicated that flavanol consumption may have many health benefits in humans , including improved cognitive activities.
objective : the aim was to evaluate the effect of flavanol consumption on cognitive performance in cognitively intact elderly subjects.
results : the changes in mmse score in response to the @number@ different treatments were not different.
in contrast , there was a positive impact of the intervention on specific aspects of cognitive function.
changes in insulin resistance explained ∼17% of changes in composite z score ( partial r² = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
these data suggest that the habitual intake of flavanols can support healthy cognitive function with age.
furthermore , the effects of commonly consumed orange juice flavanones on cognitive function remain unexplored.
objective : we investigated whether @number@ wk of daily flavanone-rich orange juice consumption was beneficial for cognitive function in healthy older adults.
cognitive function , mood , and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and follow-up by using standardized validated tests.
results : global cognitive function was significantly better after 8-wk consumption of flavanone-rich juice than after 8-wk consumption of the low-flavanone control.
no significant effects on mood or blood pressure were observed.
conclusions : chronic daily consumption of flavanone-rich @percent@ orange juice over @number@ wk is beneficial for cognitive function in healthy older adults.
the potential for flavanone-rich foods and drinks to attenuate cognitive decline in aging and the mechanisms that underlie these effects should be investigated.
background : currently , early weight-loss predictions of long-term weight-loss success rely on fixed percent-weight-loss thresholds.
receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves , area under the curve ( auc ) , and thresholds were calculated for each model.
the models yielding the highest auc were retained as optimal.
for comparison with current practice , roc curves relying solely on percent weight loss were also calculated.
percent weight loss alone was not better at identifying true positives than random chance ( auc ≤0.50 ) .
conclusions : the newly derived models provide a personalized prediction of long-term success from early weight-loss variables.
the predictions improve on existing fixed percent-weight-loss thresholds.
future research is needed to explore model application for informing treatment approaches during early intervention.
idiopathic cd4 lymphopenia ( icl ) is a rare heterogeneous immunological syndrome of unclear etiology.
icl predisposes patients to severe opportunistic infections and frequently leads to poor vaccination effectiveness.
intrinsic t-cell defects were caused by increased expression of dual-specific phosphatase @number@ ( dusp4 ) .
conversely , repeated tcr stimulation led to defective signaling and dusp4 overexpression in control cd4 ( + ) t cells.
this was associated with gradual acquisition of a memory phenotype and was curtailed by dusp4 silencing.
these findings identify a premature t-cell senescence in icl that might be caused by chronic t-cell activation and a consequential dusp4-dependent dampening of tcr signaling.
we collected data from @number@ patients ( @number@.7±9.4 y.o. ) , none of them were seeking medical care due to sensory or balance decline.
during the first evaluation , they reported falls , replied to a questionnaire of symptoms related to balance and had a sensory evaluation.
the occurrence of falls was related to bmi , gender and age.
a total symptom score ≥4 allowed the classification of @percent@ of the patients with falls and @percent@ with no falls.
patients should be aware of this risk and receive counsel on modifiable risk factors.
deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis using [ ( @number@ ) h ] -thymidine and [ ( @number@ ) s ] -methionine incorporation were measured.
results : zn ( 2 + ) generated a bell-shaped concentration response , both regarding deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis in cultured bph smc.
this effect was even more pronounced after stimulation of lpa in combination with testosterone.
moreover , phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors , that is , sildenafil blocked lpa-stimulated bph smc proliferation.
this antiproliferative effect , was significantly potentiated by coincubation with zn ( 2 + ) in an additative manner.
trends for general memory , working memory , and spatial ability generally indicated stability , or small increases in heritability in mid-life.
equivocal results were found for executive function.
a second meta-analysis then considered the gap between twin-based versus snp-based heritability derived from population-based gwas studies.
specifically , we considered twin correlation ratios to agnostically re-evaluate biometrical models across age and by cognitive domain.
results modestly suggest that nonadditive genetic variance may become increasingly important with age , especially for verbal ability.
sensitivity to life course dynamics is crucial to understanding etiological contributions to adult cognitive performance and cognitive aging.
to optimize resource allocation , we aim to clarify the priorities of the functions of long-term care facilities from the viewpoint of future beneficiaries.
design : the present study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design.
setting / participants : we conducted a mail-in survey targeting @number@ adults aged 50-65 in @number@ cities in japan , and @number@ persons responded.
measurements : conjoint analysis was applied to measure participants ' preferences for long-term care facility services.
participants then completed @number@ or @number@ tasks to select suitable long-term care facilities for the person described.
necessity of relocation associated with medical deterioration was consistently given the greatest importance.
participants with experience as a family caregiver showed significantly greater preference for individualized care and communication.
conclusions : the option of avoiding relocation was highly valued by participants compared with private rooms and individualized care.
individualized care has been promoted by long-term care insurance policies , but further advances will require efforts to obtain the understanding of the insured.
aggregated alpha-synuclein inclusions are found where cell death occurs in several diseases , including parkinson's disease , dementia with lewy bodies , and multiple-system atrophy.
however , the relationship between inclusion formation and an individual cell's fate has been difficult to study with conventional techniques.
we developed a system that allows for in vivo imaging of the same neurons over months.
we show that intracerebral injection of preformed fibrils of recombinant alpha-synuclein can seed aggregation of transgenically expressed and endogenous alpha-synuclein in neurons.
somatic inclusions undergo a stage-like maturation , with progressive compaction coinciding with decreased soluble somatic and nuclear alpha-synuclein.
mature inclusions bear the post-translational hallmarks of human lewy pathology.
long-term imaging of inclusion-bearing neurons and neighboring neurons without inclusions demonstrates selective degeneration of inclusion-bearing cells.
clonal hemopoiesis driven by leukemia-associated gene mutations can occur without evidence of a blood disorder.
to investigate this phenomenon , we interrogated @number@ mutation hot spots in blood dna from @number@ individuals using ultra-deep sequencing.
dnmt3a-r882 mutations were most common and , although their prevalence increased with age , were found in individuals as young as @number@ years.
dna methylation of cytosine residues is a stable epigenetic alteration , beginning as early as foetal development in the uterus and continuously evolving throughout life.
dna methylation as well as other epigenetic modifications such as chromatin remodelling and histone modifications are indispensable in mammalian development.
methylation is to a large extent influenced by the ageing process , diets and lifestyle choices.
our understanding of this crucial modification may even contribute to the treatment and prevention of age-related illnesses in the very near future.
tdmrs have been useful in various applications , particularly medicine and forensic sciences.
new tdmrs in genes are being searched for consistently to serve as novel markers in forensic dna analysis.
methods : patients were identified from a tertiary center database that included all patients with ugib.
results : of @number@ patients with nvugib , @number@ % ( @number@ ) were taking at least one antithrombotic agent.
similarly , being on nonaspirin antiplatelets was protective against in-hospital mortality ( p = @number@ ) .
brinzolamide / brimonidine was generally well tolerated , with a tolerability profile that was consistent with its individual components and with no unexpected safety findings.
dietary supplement and placebo were administered @number@ times a day for @number@ weeks.
skin tester was used to analyze differences in facial skin parameters between patients affected by facial photoaging and healthy controls.
these findings coupled with a significant decrease in skin hydration , tonicity and elasticity and increased skin ph and sebum.
our findings suggest that viscoderm pearls is effective for treatment of facial photoaging but further studies in larger cohorts of patients are required.
the influence of age , sex and cmv-infection on t-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood remains incompletely understood.
reciprocally , older men had a higher proportion of late-differentiated , potentially \ "senescent \ " cd57 ( + ) t cells.
thus , t-cell senescence may be more pronounced in older men than women.
design : cross-sectional analytic study.
setting : day care centres.
participants : community-living patients with alzheimer's disease in early or moderate stage and their principal caregivers.
measurements : participants rated patients ' quality of life using demqol.
the discrepancy was assessed using the individual difference score and the residuals for each domain of demqol.
results : a total of @number@ subjects participated in the study ( @number@ patients with alzheimer's disease and their caregivers ) .
discrepancy measured by individual difference score was lower than that measured by the residuals.
burden and mood-related symptoms explained the positive differences and residuals , while pain , self-perceived depression and cognition determined the negative ones.
conclusions : differences exist between patients and caregivers ' perceptions about subjective states.
the evaluations of each informant seem to be influenced by their own emotional state and the inner experience of the effects of the disease.
however , little is known about compliance in the nh population.
design and setting : randomized , controlled trial in nursing homes.
measurements : ons intake was recorded daily and compliance calculated.
low and high compliance were defined as ≤ @percent@ and ≥ @percent@ of provided ons actually consumed , respectively.
associations between compliance and changes of nutritional parameters and residents ' characteristics were analysed.
results : compliance was high in @percent@ and low in @percent@ of the ig ( n = 42 ) .
significant differences and correlations were also identified for bmi , uac and mna-sf.
a higher compliance may be achieved by consideration of different residents ' characteristics.
background : postural control is an important aspect of physical functioning.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : department of geriatrics , university hospital of montpellier.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling women aged @number@ to @number@ recruited though public meetings aimed at promoting physical activity in postmenopausal women.
no significant difference in the cimse values was found between the two groups.
future work is needed to determine whether a decrease in postural sway complexity could predict future decline in physical function in these women.
the study aimed to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and discussed the applicability of different diagnostic criteria in chinese older adults.
@number@ chinese adults ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged 60-88 were recruited.
the prevalence of sarcopenia were calculated using different diagnostic criteria.
physical functioning was compared in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults.
if the awgs ( aisa working group on sarcopenia ) standard was applied , the prevalence was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
further studies are still needed to investigate appropriate diagnostic criterion of sarcopenia for chinese population.
there is a growing body of research and interest in the relationship between diet and cognitive function.
cognitive function itself may bias diet assessment methods , subsequently obscuring the evaluation of the nutrition-cognition relationship.
objectives : ( tpn ) can act as a bridge to enteral nutrition.
the current study aims to explore the outcomes of tpn use in older adults which are at present poorly defined.
design , setting and participants : data on @number@ patients who received tpn between january- @date@ were prospectively recorded and examined.
results : mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years ( @percent@ ≥ @number@ years ) .
in those ≥ @number@ years the indication was more often suspected ileus ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = 0.004 ) .
patients ≥ @number@ years developed hypertriglyceridaemia less frequently ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = 0.031 ) .
there was no difference in the duration of tpn administration , the rate of tpn line sepsis , serum electrolyte derangement or glycaemic control.
conclusions : these data suggest tpn use is safe in patients aged ≥ @number@ years and advanced age alone should not preclude tpn use.
method : a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to the meddiet at baseline.
the 10-point ( @number@ to @number@ ) meddiet score was used to categorize adherence to meddiet.
ancova models were used to assess the association between adherence to the meddiet and cognitive decline.
conclusion : a higher adherence to the meddiet might be associated with better cognitive function.
however , observed differences were of small magnitude and further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
objectives : the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guar gum on postprandial blood pressure in older people.
design : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over design.
setting : community senior centers in b city , south korea.
participants : twenty-two older female adults aged @number@ to @number@ with postprandial hypotension.
intervention : the participants were randomly assigned to guar gum ( semi-fluid food with @number@ gram ) or placebo intervention during the first treatment phase.
after a washout period of @number@ week , the two interventions were switched to the other in the second treatment phase.
conclusion : this findings show that guar gum could be effective on postprandial drops in blood pressure in older female adults.
objective : to examine the association between walnut consumption and measures of cognitive function in the us population.
setting : 1988-1994 and 1999-2002 rounds of the national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) .
population : representative weighted sample of us adults @number@ to @number@ years of age.
sdlt scores were also significantly lower by @number@.38s ( p = 0.05 ) .
similar results were obtained when tertiles of walnut consumption were examined in trend analyses.
significantly better outcomes were noted in all cognitive test scores among those with higher walnut consumption ( p < @number@ ) .
cognition is now considered a relevant domain of frailty.
disentangling the relationship between cognition and frailty may lead to new intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of both conditions.
both frailty and cognitive decline share common potential mechanisms.
dual tasking studies may be a useful way to explore and understand the relation between cognitive and physical frailty.
further studies are needed to elucidate this complex relation to improve the outcomes of frailty.
in recent years , the complex relationship between frailty and cognitive functioning has been increasingly investigated.
this novel construct has several elements of novelty and may delineate a promising target for preventive and therapeutic actions against age-related conditions.
in the present paper we discuss the main issues that are still limiting the clinical and research implementation of the cognitive frailty construct.
the aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake in elderly people in two types of living situations.
design : observational study , analysing prospective data.
setting : the dietary intake was studied in elderly people living at home or in nursing home , in different cities of sweden.
participants : a total of @number@ elderly people ( mean age @number@ ) participated in the observational study.
measurements : dietary intake was measured using weighed food records and food diaries , comparing females and males.
the observed dietary intake was related to recommended intake and lower intake level.
results : all dietary intake and patient characteristic variables showed large individual differences ( ranges ) .
a very low daily intake of energy ( < 20 kcal / kg body weight / day ) was observed in @percent@ of the participants.
for vitamin d and iron , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , had intakes below the lower intake level.
from a clinical perspective it is more important to consider the individual intake of energy , nutrients and water.
ageism is intrinsic in the realm of ' averageology'.
objectives : older adults often suffer from vitamin d deficiency and from the frailty syndrome charac-terized by different physical limitations , complicating independent everyday life.
design : cross-sectional population-based study.
participants who met 1-2 or ≥ @number@ of the @number@ criteria were classified as prefrail or frail , respectively.
total 25 ( oh ) d was measured in non-fasting serum samples with an enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay.
additional adjustment for potential mediators including pth only slightly attenuated these associations.
conclusion : subjects with 25 ( oh ) d serum levels ≥ @number@ ng / ml were less frequently prefrail or frail.
frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts disability , morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
poor nutritional status is one of the main risk factors for frailty.
macronutrients and micronutrients deficiencies are associated with frailty.
recent studies suggest that improving nutritional status for macronutrients and micronutrients may reduce the risk of frailty.
specific diets such as the mediterranean diet rich in anti-oxidants , is currently investigated in the prevention of frailty.
amyloid-β1-42 immunoreactivity was observed in the entire cholinergic neuronal population regardless of age or alzheimer's disease diagnosis.
immunoblot analysis with a panel of amyloid-β antibodies confirmed accumulation of high concentration of amyloid-β in basal forebrain early in adult life.
there was no age- or alzheimer-related alteration in total amyloid-β content within this region.
similarly , intermediate molecular weight oligomeric species displayed an increase in aged and alzheimer brains when compared with the young using two amyloid-β42 antibodies.
compared to cortical homogenates , small molecular weight oligomeric species were lower and intermediate species were enriched in basal forebrain in ageing and alzheimer's disease.
objective : age-related neurodegeneration may interfere with the ability to respond to cross-limb transfer , whereby bilateral performance improvements accompany unilateral practice.
we investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) would facilitate this phenomena in older adults.
methods : @number@ young and @number@ older adults underwent unilateral visuomotor tracking ( vt ) , with anodal or sham-tdcs over the ipsilateral motor cortex.
transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) assessed motor evoked potentials ( meps ) and short interval intracortical inhibition ( sici ) .
performance was quantified through a vt error.
variables were assessed bilaterally at baseline and post-intervention.
results : the trained limb improved performance , facilitated meps and released sici in both age groups.
in the untrained limb , vt improved in young for both sham and anodal-tdcs conditions , but only following anodal-tdcs for the older adults.
meps increased in all conditions , except the older adult's receiving sham.
sici was released in both tdcs conditions for young and old.
conclusion : following a vt task , older adults still display use-dependent plasticity.
significance : these findings provide clinical implications for conditions restricting the use of one limb , such as stroke.
defects in intercellular coupling in the heart play a key role in the initiation and persistence of malignant arrhythmias.
such disorders result from abnormal expression and distribution of connexins , the major constituents of cardiac gap junction channels.
the alterations of myocardial connexin are well established as a consistent feature of both human and animal heart disease and aging.
following these facts , the modulation of connexin mediated intercellular coupling is suggested as a new antiarrhythmic approach.
this review provides recent data supporting this concept.
it can be challenging for the development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
moreover , findings point out the implication of some endogenous compounds in protection from life-threatening arrhythmias via preservation of myocardial connexin.
worldwide populations are aging and countries have to prepare for the effects of demographic change in health care.
the project descriptions are based on relevant english publications , on-site visits and interviews with developers and users.
the projects are introduced in terms of their basic architecture and implementation , their present status and future objectives.
the incidence of glioblastoma increases with age , with a median age , at diagnosis , of @number@ years.
indeed , the optimization of standard of care of elderly glioblastoma patients in an aging population in western countries becomes crucial.
the age remains the main prognostic factor of glioblastoma.
survival among elderly patients is significantly less than among younger patients.
the median survival of elderly glioblastoma patients is generally inferior to @number@ months.
the balance between treatment efficacy and quality of life is a major focus because of the shorter life expectancy of patients.
the standard of care of glioblastoma in elderly patients remains controversial.
large optimal resection , when achievable , should be preferred to biopsy.
survival is longer after adjuvant radiotherapy , either normofractionated over 6-weeks course or hypofractionated over 3-weeks course , for patients with good clinical status.
hypofractionation is often preferred because of shorter procedure.
chemotherapy alone with temozolomide can be proposed to patients with methylated mgmt promoter.
a phase iii randomized study , testing short-course adjuvant radiotherapy with or without temozolomide in elderly patients with good clinical status , is ongoing.
multivariate pattern analysis and statistical machine learning techniques are attracting increasing interest from the neuroimaging community.
gp-lr models can be interpreted as a bayesian probabilistic analogue to kernel svm classifiers.
however , gp-lr methods confer a number of benefits over kernel svms.
additionally , if miss-classification costs are not symmetric , thresholds can be set to achieve either strong specificity or sensitivity scores.
since gp-lr models are bayesian , computationally expensive cross-validation hyper-parameter grid-search methods can be avoided.
all subjects underwent a mri examination at 3t to obtain a 7minute and 20second resting state scan.
both results are significant at the @percent@ level.
one or more of these symptoms will affect nearly all people with dementia over the course of their illness.
non-pharmacologic approaches should be used first line , although several exceptions are discussed.
non-pharmacologic approaches with the strongest evidence base involve family care giver interventions.
regarding pharmacologic treatments , antipsychotics have the strongest evidence base , although the risk to benefit ratio is a concern.
an approach to integrating non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments is described.
finally , the paradigm shift needed to fully institute tailored treatments for people and families dealing with these symptoms in the community is discussed.
however , the exact mechanisms driving insulin resistance have not been completely elucidated.
asymptomatic , never-smoker subjects considered free of relevant disease after spirometry and echocardiography underwent chest hrct.
three researchers reviewed every scan , noting the absence / presence and distribution of pre-specified parenchymal findings.
statistical comparisons between groups were performed using appropriate tests with the aid of software.
results : forty-seven older and @number@ younger subjects were included in this analysis.
a higher proportion of women and a longer history of urban dwelling were present in the older group.
parenchymal findings were more prevalent in the older group ( @number@ vs. @percent@ in the younger group ; p < @number@ ) .
in adults , dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) is the most abundant steroid found in serum and its levels fall with age.
it can be converted into androgens and estrogens by peripheral tissues.
thus it may be considered to be a pro-hormone.
many websites are promoting oral dhea as an anti-aging tonic and in some countries it is sold as a supplement.
recent clinical trials of oral dhea and reviews of those trials have failed to show any health benefits for postmenopausal women.
however , there may be a role for vaginal dhea.
one hundred older hiv + adults completed the international physical activity questionnaire , a neurocognitive battery , and iadl scale.
higher levels of moderate pa were associated with lower odds of nci ( p = @number@ ) , even when covariates were modeled.
the association between moderate pa and nci was driven by executive function ( p = @number@ ) .
follow-up analysis showed those with both nci and iadl dependence had lower moderate pa than those with neither ( p = @number@ ) .
visual assessment of buccal cell ck14 expression was carried out using immunofluorescence techniques.
in this paper , the definitions , criteria , pathologies , subtypes and genetic markers for the most common age-related major ncd subtypes are summarized.
biological fluid assessment represents a safer , cheaper and less invasive method compared to contrast imaging studies to predict ncd appearance.
the bereaved spouses were also compared with a group of married contemporaries ( n = @number@ ) regarding subjective health and depressive symptoms.
results : marital status and gender each have independent effects on subjective health and depressive symptoms.
the effects of widowhood on subjective health differed significantly at both time points.
widowed individuals in @number@ especially women , reported fewer social and financial difficulties than their counterparts in @number@
however , the effect of widowhood on depressive symptoms and psychological difficulties did not differ significantly across time points.
cationic liposomes are widely used as nanocarriers for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
the cationic components of liposomes can induce inflammatory responses.
this study examined the effect of cationic liposomes on human neutrophil activation.
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( ctab ) or soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate ( sme ) was incorporated into liposomes as the cationic additive.
the liposomes ' cytotoxicity and their induction of proinflammatory mediators , intracellular calcium , and neutrophil extracellular traps ( nets ) were investigated.
the interaction of the liposomes with the plasma membrane triggered the stimulation of neutrophils.
ctab liposomes induced complete leakage of lactate dehydrogenase ( ldh ) at all concentrations tested , whereas sme liposomes released ldh in a concentration-dependent manner.
ctab liposomes proved to more effectively activate neutrophils compared with sme liposomes , as indicated by increased superoxide anion and elastase levels.
calcium influx increased 9-fold after treatment with ctab liposomes.
this influx was not changed by sme liposomes compared with the untreated control.
scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) and immunofluorescence images indicated the presence of nets after treatment with cationic liposomes.
nets could be quickly formed , within minutes , after ctab liposomal treatment.
in contrast to this result , net formation was slowly and gradually increased by sme liposomes , within 4h.
based on the data presented here , it is important to consider the toxicity of cationic liposomes during administration in the body.
this is the first report providing evidence of net production induced by cationic liposomes.
postoperative cognitive impairment is a recognized clinical phenomenon.
previously , such clinical findings were called \ "adverse cerebral effects of anesthesia on old people \ ".
pocd is transient disturbance that can affect patients of any age but is more common in elderly people.
its relevance with the immediate post-operative phase was made clear.
the aging of the population and new developments in medicine both lead to the increasing number of elderly patietnts undergoing extensive surgery.
mechanism of pocd is considered to be due to the inflammatory response and ca2 + dysregulation of the brain.
for the diagnosis of pocd , pscychometric tests are applied.
risk factors for pocd are aging , extensive invasive operations , intra and postoperative complications , and anesthetics.
an increase in the reproductive potential and survival is accompanied by a transition from stable to oscillating population numbers.
however , the evolutionary growth of these parameters may be nonmonotonic and may fluctuate significantly.
in the case of antagonistic pleioptropy , an increase in one of these parameters usually leads to a predictable decrease in the other.
this , in turn , may even stabilize the numbers and genetic compositions of the age groups.
initial conditionsmay in some cases determine the genetic composition and pattern of population size dynamics.
the data suggest that the optimum activity of repair processes may favor longevity.
the problem requires further study.
thus , the demands on dysphagia practice are rising.
on the other hand , surgical treatment is expected of otolaryngologists in over half in the hospital group.
the home care clinic group indicated a demand of the swallowing function test in short-term admission or home practice.
we conclude that organized participation and leadership in this region are urgent tasks of otolaryngologist.
in the absence of regulation , there has been significant variation in the interpretation and implementation of these provisions among states.
nad is an essential metabolite that exists in nad ( + ) or nadh form in all living cells.
in this article , we characterize survivorship after medical treatment completion during the periods of reentry , early survivorship , and long-term survivorship.
global measures of trunk sway are traditionally used even though the trunk comprises a multiple number of segments.
the authors ' aim was to measure the seated sway of typically developing children using a multisegment approach.
twenty typically developing children divided into @number@ groups , older and younger than @number@ years old , participated in this study.
the children sat unsupported for @number@ s while their posture and sway were quantified using stereophotogrammetry.
the tendency in both age groups was to sit with a backward tilted pelvis and a kyphotic trunk.
the sitting position was most varied in the younger group.
marker sway amplitude and velocity in sitting were age dependent , with reduced sway amplitude and velocity with increased age for all segments.
anteroposterior intersegmental angular sway was not age dependent.
mediolateral marker sway and intersegmental angular sway showed a clearer age dependency.
background : the first generation of immigrants to belgium from turkey and northwest africa are aging and at risk for developing cancer.
family members play an important role in both illness and old age.
methods : a qualitative research design with elements of constructivist grounded theory was used.
twenty-eight loosely structured interviews were conducted.
three researchers were involved in data analysis ( researcher triangulation ) , and @number@ conversations took place with experts.
results : cancer appeared to be a family matter.
caregiving had a strong moral meaning for all participants , particularly for children providing care to a parent.
conclusions : despite shared values of the importance of family and family caregiving , concrete ideas about caregiving differed considerably.
the findings imply that shared cultural or religious normative values do not predict day-to-day care practices.
furthermore , individualized approaches to care appear to be essential , because concrete ideas about informal caregiving differ strongly despite shared values.
aesthetic providers need to be well versed in the anatomy and intricacies of the skin.
this foundational skin knowledge is critical in assessing clients ' aged skin during the aesthetic consultation.
a sound understanding of the skin is also a prerequisite to any facial rejuvenation procedure.
this article provides the aesthetic provider with the basics of skin anatomy and how the skin changes over time.
we used self-report data from six waves of the australian longitudinal study on women's health over @number@ years.
well-being of midage women with indicators of de needs to be supported by tailoring prevention and interventions activities specifically for this group.
the pattern matching rules for identifying age are explained and enacted following a discussion on how to minimise false positives.
an alternative explanation on the prevalence of hobbies is that the creative sector is overrepresented on twitter compared to @number@ census data.
serum anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) levels are regarded as an age-specific marker for predicting the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age.
we retrospectively analyzed the day @number@ serum hormone levels in @number@ patients ( age range : 20-50 yr ) between @date@ and @date@ .
we divided the patients into @number@ groups according to their age.
relation between serum amh level and lh / fsh ratio was analyzed statistically.
the serum amh level was inversely correlated with age ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
a significant negative correlation was found between serum lh / fsh ratio and age ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
individuals ' 10-yr cvd risk was determined using the framingham risk model.
the sarcopenic obese group had more participants ( @percent@ men , @percent@ women ) with a high risk of cvd ( ≥20% ) .
sarcopenic non-obese and non-sarcopenic obese subjects were not associated with an increased 10-yr cvd risk.
sarcopenic obesity , but not non-sarcopenic obesity , was closely associated with an increased cvd risk in korean adults.
among men who were tested , @percent@ did not meet endocrine society guidelines for low testosterone.
in the @number@ months after initiating treatment , @percent@ received a serum testosterone test and @percent@ received a psa test.
multivariable analyses showed that those seen by either an endocrinologist or urologist were more likely to receive appropriate tests.
conclusions : a substantial number of men prescribed testosterone therapy did not receive testosterone or psa testing before or after initiating treatment.
in addition , almost one out of five treated men had baseline serum testosterone values above the threshold defined as normal by the endocrine society.
for each topic , a brief overview is presented which summarizes the major points discussed by the group participants.
the focus of the discussions ranged from current research progress , challenges and opportunities , to future directions on these topics.
objectives : to analyze the effect of adenosine on detrusor smooth muscle contraction and to assess age-related changes of adenosine function.
quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to study adenosine receptor expression in rat and human detrusor specimens.
likewise , the relaxing effect of adenosine on precontracted detrusor muscle was also significantly more pronounced in young compared with older detrusor.
conclusions : adenosine powerfully counteracts contraction of detrusor smooth muscle , which is lost in the aging bladder.
this is paralleled by an age-dependent transcriptional downregulation of the low-affinity a2b receptor.
hence , this might be pathophysiologically relevant in conditions of raised adenosine concentrations , such as hyperactive bladder contractility.
few studies have investigated their association with subclinical coronary heart disease.
we sought to examine whether the @number@ aha cvh metrics were associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries.
diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
coronary artery calcium ( cac ) was measured by cardiac computed tomography.
we defined prevalent cac using an agatston score of 100 + and fitted generalized estimating equations to calculate prevalence odds ratios of cac.
results : mean age was @number@ years , and @percent@ were male.
the median number of ideal cvh metrics was @number@ and no participant met all @number@
there was a strong inverse relationship between number of ideal cvh metrics and prevalent cac.
conclusions : these data demonstrate a strong and graded inverse relationship between aha ideal cvh metrics and prevalent cac in adult men and women.
p53 is an important tumor suppressor that , upon activation , induces growth arrest and cell death.
mdm2 functionally inhibits p53 and targets the tumor suppressor protein for degradation.
in a genetic screen , we identified trim25 as a novel regulator of p53 and mdm2.
trim25 increased p53 and mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in @number@ s proteasomes.
trim25 co-precipitated with p53 and mdm2 and interfered with the association of p300 and mdm2 , a critical step for p53 polyubiquitination.
despite the increase in p53 levels , p53 activity was inhibited in the presence of trim25.
downregulation of trim25 resulted in an increased acetylation of p53 and p53-dependent cell death in hct116 cells.
upon genotoxic insults , trim25 dampened the p53-dependent dna damage response.
with age , structural and functional changes can be observed in human cornea.
some studies have shown a loss of corneal transparency and an increase in turbidity associated with aging.
these changes are caused by modifications in the composition and arrangement of extracellular matrix in the corneal stroma.
using this model , we have analyzed uva-induced transcriptomic and proteomic changes in corneal stroma.
the dysfunctions of adaptive b and t cells are well documented , but the effect of aging on innate immunity remains incompletely understood.
while the major monocyte and dendritic cell subsets did not change numerically with aging , activation of specific cell types was altered.
a load analysis is performed to compare the finite element results to empirical results from lens stretcher studies.
using the predicted geometrical changes , the optical response of the whole eye during accommodation was analysed by ray-tracing.
results : aspects of lens shape change relative to stretch were evaluated , including change in diameter , central thickness and accommodation.
the results are compared with those from in vitro studies.
the mathematical stretch-dependent model of accommodation presented may have utility in investigating lens behaviour at states other than the relaxed or fully accommodated states.
namibia introduced single-donor apheresis plt collections in @number@ to increase plt availability while reducing exposure to multiple donors via pooling.
this study describes the impact this transition had on plt availability and safety in namibia.
production costs and unit prices were analyzed.
by @number@ nambts issued @number@ single-donor plt doses per year , @percent@ of all plt units.
of @number@ single-donor apheresis donations between @number@ and @number@ none of the @number@ donors had a confirmed positive result for any pathogen.
unit prices paid for apheresis- and wb-derived plts increased by @number@ and @percent@ per year on average , respectively.
conclusion : namibia's plt transition shows that collections from repeat apheresis donors can reduce tti risk and production costs.
introduction : a change in vital capacity ( vc ) from standing to supine can be an index of diaphragm paralysis if it exceeds @percent@.
we aimed to verify whether the postural vc difference increases with age and reflects diaphragm weakness in dmd.
methods : vcs were measured in dmd.
postural vc difference and percentage were calculated from the vc data.
maximal inspiratory pressure ( mip ) and mip percentage were measured as an indirect index of diaphragm weakness.
results : a total of @number@ patients and @number@ measurements were collected.
mip and mip percentage decreased significantly with age ( p < @number@ for both ) .
estimated postural vc difference and percentage also decreased ( p < @number@ p = @number@ respectively ) .
age group comparisons showed a significant decrease in younger , but not older subjects.
simultaneous surface and needle-detected electromyographic ( emg ) signals were collected during voluntary contractions , and then analyzed using dqemg.
motor unit potential ( mup ) and nf mup parameters were analyzed.
nf jiggle was significantly higher in the ta compared to vm ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : healthy aging is associated with neuromuscular transmission instability ( increased nf jiggle ) and mu remodeling , which can be measured using dqemg.
significance : nf jiggle derived from dqemg can be a useful method of identifying neuromuscular dysfunction at various stages of mu remodeling and aging.
objective : novel countermeasures to increase healthcare expenditures should be explored in rapidly aging societies , including japan.
social support is a resource for the older people that effectively reduces psychological distress , with or without specialized health service provision.
the final sample size for the analysis was @number@ participants.
results : the prevalence was @percent@ for psychological distress and @percent@ for severe psychological distress among all participants.
these associations were comparable for men and women.
the association was clearer for severe psychological distress ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.43-0.61 ) .
conclusions : home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers are significantly associated with a lower risk of psychological distress among older people.
in functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) research one is typically interested in neural activity.
however , the blood-oxygenation level-dependent ( bold ) signal is a composite of both neural and vascular activity.
the resting-state fluctuation amplitude ( rsfa ) in the fmri signal ( rsfmri ) has been proposed as an index of vascular reactivity.
the rsfa is therefore a candidate for use in adjusting for age-related changes in vascular reactivity in fmri studies.
furthermore , the converse effects of ageing on the rsmeg variability were not mediated by vascular factors.
we then examined the effect of rsfa scaling of task-based bold in the sensorimotor task.
cognitively impaired and cognitively intact older adults seemingly differ regarding engagement in aspects of advance care plans ( acps ) .
they were less likely to have discussed preferences for end-of-life care ( or = @number@ ) .
these findings suggest that acps differ for cognitively impaired persons , indicating a need for further investigation.
this is a step towards understanding this complex process in a particularly vulnerable population.
methods : this 2008-2012 exploratory observational cohort study was conducted with community-dwelling women aged @number@ and over.
sixty six women ( @number@ per group ) , mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years , participated in the study.
a @number@ t mri examination was conducted under three conditions : rest , pfm mvc , and straining.
anova or kruskal-wallis tests ( data not normally distributed ) were conducted , with bonferroni correction , to compare anatomical measurements between groups.
there were no significant differences between groups on pfm mvc or straining.
conclusions : women with sui and mui symptoms present different morphological defects at rest.
these observations emphasize the need to tailor ui interventions to specific pelvic floor defects and ui type in older women.
patient summary : older women with ui demonstrate different problems with their pelvic organ support structures depending on the type of ui.
these new findings should be taken into consideration for future research into developing new treatment strategies for ui in older women.
neurourol.
urodynam.
35 : 515-521 , @number@ © @number@ wiley periodicals , inc.
as such , there are cases in which bold signals might be dissociated from neural activity , leading to misleading results.
we demonstrate that such an understanding is especially important under disease or resting conditions.
we also describe state-of-the-art acquisition and analytical techniques to reveal physiological information on the mechanisms underlying measured bold signals.
a total of @number@ participants responded to the survey.
the structural equation modelling method was used to evaluate the suitability of the stress process model and to test the hypotheses.
results : the stress model proved to be a good fit to the data.
the relationship of adult children with intellectual disability also transmitted the effect of establishment of permanency planning on caregiving satisfaction.
however , an indirect effect of an emotion-centred coping strategy was not shown.
@number@ , 5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2 ( 5h ) -furanone or sotolon is known to impart powerful notes to various alcoholic beverages.
no scientific paper describes how sotolon might be involved in the madeira off-flavor found in aged beers.
investigation of spiked beers led us to highlight the key role of pro-oxidants and acetaldehyde.
addition of ascorbic acid without sulfites should be avoided by brewers , as the former would intensify sotolon synthesis.
acetoin , a beer fermentation byproduct , also emerged as possible precursor in beer when combined with serine.
elective orthopedic surgeries of the bones and joints also represent some of most common forms of elective surgeries performed.
optimal repair of skeletal tissues is necessary for successful outcomes of these many different orthopedic surgical treatments.
the biological aspects of these models are contrasted and the types of research questions that may be addressed with these models are presented.
this article is based on ethnographic research of the new york museum of modern art's influential alzheimer's access program , meet me at moma.
these assumptions indicate a museological investment in the capacity and perceived interiority of all participants.
ultimately , the program authorizes a narrative of universal personhood that harmonizes with the museum's longstanding focus on temporal and aesthetic modernism.
is this new anti-ageing intervention pointing a way towards new treatments for age-related diseases ?
these reactions can lead to protein impairment by inducing non-enzymatic post-translational modifications such as protein oxidation and crosslinking.
identified gabrg2 variants were functionally assessed for protein stability , trafficking , postsynaptic clustering , and receptor function.
functional assessment showed reduced surface expression of p.g257r and decreased gaba-evoked currents for p.r323q.
the p.g257r mutation displayed diminished levels of palmitoylation , a post-translational modification crucial for trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane.
enzymatically raised palmitoylation levels restored the surface expression of the p.g257r variant γ2 subunit.
interpretation : the statistical association and the functional evidence suggest that mutations of the gabrg2 gene may increase the risk of re / are.
in spite of intensive study , there is still controversy about the free radical or oxidative stress theory of aging , particularly in mammals.
to critically test the role of oxidative stress on aging and investigate changes in redox-sensitive signaling pathways , further study is required.
methods : we conducted a nationwide study by using data from the taiwan longitudinal study on aging database.
a total of @number@ older adults were enrolled.
other characteristics were age , sex , marital status , education level , self-rated health , and chronic diseases.
conclusion : in addition to socio-demographic factors , cumulative effects of multiple geriatric syndromes might affect life satisfaction in the older adults.
further study of interventions for reducing geriatric syndromes to maintain life satisfaction is required.
mutations in chchd10 have recently been described as a cause of frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) comorbid with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
three apparently sporadic patients were found to carry c.100c > t ( p.pro34ser ) heterozygous variant in the exon @number@ of chchd10.
this mutation had been previously described in @number@ unrelated french patients with ftd-als.
however , our patients had a typical als , without evidence of ftd , cerebellar or extrapyramidal signs , or sensorineural deficits.
prion diseases are a diverse group of neurodegenerative conditions , caused by the templated misfolding of prion protein.
after correction for multiple testing , no statistically significant associations were found.
a uk blood service control sample showed a duplication cnv that overlapped prnp , but these were not found in prion disease.
a cell-based prion infection assay did not provide supportive evidence for a role for park2 in prion disease susceptibility.
music is a complex acoustic signal that relies on a number of different brain and cognitive processes to create the sensation of hearing.
however , changes in the processing of sounds may be an early , and possibly preclinical , feature of ad and other neurodegenerative diseases.
the chapter also reviews music interventions used for persons with neurodegenerative diseases.
presbycusis or age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) affects most elderly people.
it is characterized by reduced hearing thresholds and speech understanding with the well-known negative consequences for communication and quality of social life.
the hearing loss is connected to age-related histologic changes , as described and classified by schuknecht.
oxidative stress is caused by damaging factors like noise , infection , and other systemic factors.
all reparative mechanisms in acute and chronic cochlear damage attempt to reduce oxidative stress and to balance inner-ear homeostasis.
accurate clinical assessment of arhl starts with the differentiation between peripheral and central components.
treatment of the peripheral hearing loss often involves hearing aids , whereas auditory and psychologic training seems to be important in central auditory disturbance.
introduction : this study aimed at assessing the reliability and construct validity of the tci-140.
methodology : sample : @number@ italian participants.
exclusion criteria : psychiatric disorders.
@number@ subjects - longitudinal retest study.
four factors accounted for @percent@ of the variance for temperament subscale.
in the principal components analysis does not saturate all dimensions in its theoretical factor.
moreover tci-140 is a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principal dimensions of temperament and character.
rmds are applied to > 1 patient , and users reprocess them prior to repeat use.
therefore , reprocessing of rmds has become more difficult , and issues related to infection risk have become more prevalent.
methods : research was performed to compare differences in surface alterations between not-aged ( na ) samples and accelerated-aging ( aa ) samples.
na and aa samples were exposed to potential contaminants and treated with the same cleaning conditions.
then the residual contaminants were analyzed , and adhesion characteristics were investigated.
results : significant differences between the @number@ sample groups were observed in the pattern of physical surface alterations.
similar to the endoscope for clinical use , a deep crack was found in the surface of the aa sample.
according to the binding affinity test , highly likely potential contaminants were found more frequently on aa samples.
this methodology can be applied to various rmds , including endoscopes.
during the chronic phase , patients with residual dissection are challenged by the competing risks of reoperation or death.
open repair for chronic type-b dissection can be performed safely but is a relatively morbid operation.
for this reason , surgery is often postponed until patients develop very late complications.
the benefits and limitations of each therapy , and how and when to apply each in the setting of chronic distal dissection , are discussed.
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal predominance ( hmsn-p ) is a rare disease so far identified only in individuals of far east ancestry.
the very same mutation was reported as cause of hmsn-p during the course of the study.
phenotypic analysis in conjunction with genetic data revealed that the iranian patients were also affected with hmsn-p.
therefore , hmsn-p is not confined to the far east and may simply not have been diagnosed in other populations.
haplotype analysis suggests at least @number@ independent origins for mutated alleles that cause p.pro285leu.
the phenotypic data gathered included subjective , biochemical , nerve conduction , electromyography , and muscle magnetic resonance imaging data.
a number of small studies and anecdotal reports have been suggested that sports involving repeated head trauma may have long-term risks of neurodegenerative disease.
these neurodegenerative effects potentially include increased risks of impaired cognitive function and dementia , parkinson's disease , and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
many would argue for taking a precautionary approach and immediately banning or restricting sports such as boxing.
this study examined associations between mental disorders and alcohol use / nonuse patterns among individuals aged 65 + years.
methods : data came from the public use files of the @number@ to @number@ national survey on drug use and health.
alcohol use / nonuse groups were lifetime abstainers , ex-drinkers , bingers , and nonbingers.
to minimize selection biases resulting from a complex array of covariates , we implemented a generalized boosted model to generate propensity score weights on covariates.
then we employed logistic regression models with mental health outcomes as the dependent variables.
results : the four alcohol use / nonuse groups did not differ in past-year mde.
conclusions : while lifetime abstainers had significantly better lifetime mental health histories than nonbingers , ex-drinkers had worse past-year mental health status.
since lifetime abstainers and ex-drinkers have significantly different characteristics , researchers should distinguish between these groups.
nevertheless , music is unique in its powerful ability to elicit both memories and emotions.
liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog and recently started to be using as an incretin-based treatment for diabetes mellitus.
liraglutide causes some adverse affects including nausea , vomiting , acute nasopharyngitis and acute pancreatitis.
however , development of liraglutide-dependent cholelithiasis has not been reported in the literature.
a 75-year-old female patient had been diagnosed with type @number@ diabetes mellitus for @number@ years and she has been treated by liraglutide for @number@ months.
the patient was admitted to the emergency service due to sudden onset of abdominal pain.
after laboratory and imaging studies , she was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.
and then patient's oral intake was stopped , intravenous fluid and ceftriaxone @number@ g / day were started.
furthermore , liraglutide treatment discontinued and ursodeoxycholic acid ( udca ) was started to treat cholelithiasis.
during follow-up , abdominal pain completely relieved.
hepatobiliary ultrasonography in sixth month follow-up showed entirely regression of cholelithiasis.
any liraglutide-related cholelithiasis case has not been reported in the literature previously.
therefore , our case is the first case.
especially , elderly diabetic patients who are started to liraglutide treatment should be monitored closely for the formation of cholelithiasis.
udca treatment would be an alternative prior to surgical treatment for liraglutide-related cholelithiasis.
design : cross-sectional analyses of a longitudinal study.
setting : the helsinki businessmen study in finland.
from @number@ the men have been regularly sent mailed questionnaires and mortality has been retrieved from national registers.
in 2010 / 11 , a random subgroup men was clinically investigated and survivors with healthy and nonhealthy aging were compared.
results : by @number@ @number@ men of the baseline cohort had died , and @number@ men responded to the mailed survey.
@number@ ( @number@ % ) of those fulfilled the present aha criteria.
increasing number of criteria were negatively ( p < @number@ ) related to short-term mortality.
in @number@ a random sample of @number@ men were clinically investigated , @number@ of them with aha.
in recent years , h2s has been reported to exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological effects in biological systems.
for most of these molecules , little or no work has been conducted to determine their biological activity or possible therapeutic effects.
it is therefore not clear whether such molecules have therapeutic potential which highlights the need for further in vivo studies.
lifelong bilingualism is associated with the delayed diagnosis of dementia , suggesting bilingual experience is relevant to brain health in aging.
while the effects of bilingualism on cognitive functions across the lifespan are well documented , less is known about the neural substrates underlying differential behaviour.
as predicted , bilinguals exhibit greater frontal lobe white matter compared with monolinguals.
moreover , increasing age was related to decreasing temporal pole cortical thickness in the monolingual group , but no such relationship was observed for bilinguals.
these results underscore previous findings implicating an association between bilingualism and preserved frontal and temporal lobe function in aging.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : memory å.
ageing has pronounced effects on the immune system , including on innate immune cells.
in contrast , many endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns ( damps ) accumulate during ageing.
participants underwent quantitative sensory testing , including measures of pain sensitivity and facilitation at the knee , and pain inhibition.
outcomes were analyzed with multiple tobit hierarchical regression models , with adjustment for relevant covariates.
ethnicity and sex by sleep interactions were also entered into the models.
after covariate adjustment , main associations were not observed.
men and women who engaged in frequent arousal-associated sleep behaviors demonstrated higher and lower heat temporal summation , respectively.
non-hispanic whites with greater insomnia severity displayed lower pressure pain thresholds and pain inhibition.
perspective : this article presents the association between insomnia severity , maladaptive sleep behaviors , and experimentally induced pain responses among people with knee osteoarthritis.
disrupted sleep was associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity / race.
offering sleep interventions may help ameliorate pain , but treatment may need to be tailored by sex and ethnicity / race.
safety concerns together with aging of the driving population has prompted research into clinic-based driving assessments.
this study investigates the relationship between the drivesafe and driveaware assessments and restriction of driving.
community-dwelling adults aged more than @number@ ( n = @number@ ) were recruited in new south wales , australia.
questionnaires were administered to assess driving habits and functional assessments to assess driving-related function.
self-reported restriction was prevalent in this cross-sectional sample ( @percent@ ) and was related to drivesafe scores and personal circumstances but not driveaware scores.
awareness was associated with better performance on the tmt ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
this study examines elderly residential life in long-term care settings , focusing on the ways residents interact with their physical and social environments.
two major themes were identified.
the first theme of liminal life portrays the elders ' fears as they move through the stages of care.
the second theme of relational life describes the keys to successful transitions as experienced and told by the residents.
study implications are further discussed , including specific suggestions for social programs and revisions to the physical environments.
objective : to estimate the incidence of traffic accidents and find related factors among the older population.
and we used individuals aged @number@ years or above ( n = 210 , 914 ) .
risk of traffic accident was greater in employed men ( @number@ @number@.40-2.22 ) and women diagnosis with arthritis ( @number@ @number@ @date@ ) .
introduction : facial esthetics are important for self-esteem.
undesired submental fat ( smf ) deposits lead to an unappealing submental profile associated with aging and overweight.
compound atx-101 is a proprietary formulation of purified synthetic deoxycholic acid for pharmacological submental contouring.
data from clinical trials were analyzed for efficacy and safety.
methodology : published studies using pubmed ( © ) database @number@ - @number@ have been analyzed.
the terms ' deoxycholate' , ' deoxycholic acid' , ' atx-101 ' and ' injection lipolysis ' were used.
results : deoxycholic acid causes adipocyte breakdown and an inflammatory tissue reaction leading to fat cell reduction and limited fibrosis.
four large clinical phase iii trials demonstrated efficacy of atx-101 in reduction of smf measured by validated scales and objective measurements.
patients reported improved psychological features and feeling.
adverse effects were mild and temporary.
expert opinion : adipocytolysis of smf by atx-101 is an important step forward to the development of approved drugs for reduction of localized fat pads.
this could become a growing market.
older adults , even with clinically normal hearing sensitivity , often report difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise.
part of this difficulty may be related to age-related degradations in the neural representation of speech sounds , such as formant transitions.
eighteen adults ( ten younger , 22-24 years old , and nine older , 51-67 years old ) were tested.
ffrs were elicited by tonal sweeps in six conditions.
two directions of frequency change , rising or falling , were used for each of three rates of frequency change.
these results indicate that older adults , even with clinically-normal hearing sensitivity , have degraded phase-locked neural representations of dynamic frequency.
this study aimed at analyzing the relationships between chronic conditions , disability , and qol of older adults with multimorbidity in spain.
method : data on older adults aged @number@ years or more , with at least two chronic health conditions were drawn from three cohort studies.
sample size was @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
disability and qol measures varied according to the survey.
results : in older adults with multimorbidity , the most prevalent conditions were osteoarticular ( @number@.08-67.80% ) and hypertension ( @number@.64-60.03% ) .
conclusion : the presence of disability and diverse chronic conditions has a negative effect on qol of older adults affected by multimorbidity in spain.
dna and histone methylation are well characterized epigenetic marks that are altered during the aging process.
despite the large body of knowledge regarding age-dependent epigenetic changes , there are few reports related to this topic in the cardiovascular field.
this review summarizes age-dependent changes in dna and histone methylation with a specific focus on age-related cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) .
background & aims : we aimed to characterize age-related changes in the gastric mucosa and investigate the contribution of helicobacter pylori infection to these changes.
results : over a lifetime , the gastric mucosa became abnormal in @percent@ of subjects.
a higher proportion of people in areas with a high prevalence of h pylori infection acquired gastric abnormalities.
reactive gastropathy , which was detected in @percent@ of biopsies , increased with age and was the second most common factor of gastric pathology observed.
conclusions : on the basis of an analysis of biopsies collected by in the united states , gastric abnormalities increase with age.
most pathologic conditions detected by histologic analysis are caused by h pylori infection , but the causes of many others are unknown.
background : cognitive impairment is common among stroke survivors.
however , there is controversy on the role of the stroke itself or the associated subcortical damage in post-stroke cognitive decline.
cognitive performance was evaluated by the use of the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) .
results : out of @number@ persons aged ≥60 years , @number@ ( @number@ % ) were enrolled.
mri showed strokes in @number@ ( @number@ % ) and moderate-to-severe wmh in @number@ ( @number@ % ) cases.
mean moca score was @number@ ± @number@ in the entire population.
conclusions : interaction of age and diffuse subcortical damage are major determinants for poor cognitive performance among stroke patients.
background : condylar and somatic growth have similar growth curves.
incremental changes of three mandibular measurements from articulare and three from condylion were compared to statural growth changes separately.
based on the assumption that mandibular and somatic growth both follow a parallel line , a cf was postulated and checked for validity and reliability.
results : mandibular growth spurt could be observed in all six different mandibular measurements , but distances from condylion were more informative.
gonial measurements were not as indicative as symphyseal distances.
reliability , however , proved to be poor owing to heterogeneity of the sample.
when evaluating growth-related changes , condylion should be preferred as condylar reference , and symphyseal landmarks should be favoured over gonion.
in children , ph usually presents with a typical phenotype of disturbed body composition , accelerated biological maturity , and subtle immunological and metabolic abnormalities.
this stage of the disease is potentially reversible.
however , long-lasting over-activity of the sns and immuno-metabolic alterations usually lead to an irreversible stage of cardiovascular disease.
the associations and determinants of hypertensive organ damage , the principles of treatment , and the possibility of rejuvenation of the cardiovascular system are discussed.
purpose : to define the term complexity of care.
background : the aging population and lack of gerontological preparation in pre-licensure nursing programs are pressing issues.
integral to the framework is the concept of complexity of care.
method : rogers and knafl's evolutionary method of concept analysis was used.
conclusion : defining the concept of complexity of care will facilitate student understanding of the unique health care needs of older adults.
unlabelled : background / study context : destination memory , remembering the destination of the information that one tells , shows significant age-related decline.
in the present paper , the authors sought to determine whether destination memory can be improved in older adults using emotional stimuli.
this aim was motivated by findings showing better context memory for emotional than for neutral information in older adults.
on a later recognition test , participants were asked to associate each previously told fact with the face to whom it was told.
unlabelled : background / study context : cognitive abilities experience diverse age-related changes.
memory complaints are common in aging.
the practice of sports is known to benefit brain functioning , improving memory among other abilities.
introduction of virtual reality tasks makes it possible to easily assess cognitive functions such as spatial memory , a hippocampus-dependent cognitive ability.
results : the data showed that sportsmen outperformed sedentary participants.
in addition , there was also a significant effect of the factor age.
hence , older men ( 70-77 years old ) displayed a poorer performance in comparison with the other age groups.
conclusions : these results support the beneficial effect of habitual physical activity in spatial memory.
each outcome was recorded through a maximum of @number@ months or death.
results : the final cluster-defining variables were continuous measures of cognitive status and depressive symptoms , and dichotomous indicators of slow gait and exhaustion.
it was predicted that older adults would provide more differentiated assessments of the two targets than would younger adults.
as predicted , these differences were greater than differences between targets perceived by younger adults.
the interaction effect remained significant after statistically controlling for relevant variables , including education and gender.
future directions for research on perceptions of aging are suggested.
in an execution condition , participants were forced to repeat the same strategy or to switch to another strategy.
the age-related loss of power is a fact , but the characterization or the rate of muscle power loss remains an open issue.
methods : absolute male world records of @number@ events were collected along with world records of male masters categories.
throwing events are further normalized for the decreasing weight of the implements with the increasing age of the masters athletes.
results : most track and field events show a linear decline to @number@ years.
this analysis of muscle power decline is only partially in line with the results of works based on clinical tests.
a clarification of the reasons for such discrepancy may provide clinically significant information.
conclusion : human power decline in masters athletes was analyzed , adopting a coherent approach based on an extended database.
skeletal muscle power starts declining after the age of @number@ with slight variations depending on the events.
this conclusion is in line with only some of the previous studies.
the various trend lines point to @number@ at the age of @number@ years , which is in line with the present human survival age.
the study can be further developed with a suitable database for male and female masters performances to facilitate longitudinal studies , which are currently lacking.
materials and methods : ninety-six patients ( @number@ treatments ) had photodamage treated with field-directed ala-pdt from @number@ to @number@ in this single-center study.
outcome measures were obtained via telephone questionnaire and graded on a four-point scale.
results : there were no significant differences in patient-reported improvement in photodamage , overall skin quality , and postprocedure adverse events between treatment arms.
objectives : to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with initiation of selling sex as a minor.
methods : fsw completed a questionnaire that included a retrospective question regarding the age at which they started selling sex.
conclusions : a substantial proportion of fsw in burkina faso started selling sex as minors.
background : somatostatin ( sst ) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects.
our aims were to analyze and compare the sst expression during normal aging and colorectal carcinogenesis at mrna and protein levels.
sst expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsy samples ( n1 = @number@ n2 = @number@ n3 = @number@ ) .
the effect of octreotide on cell growth was tested on caco-2 cell line.
sst methylation percentage in biopsy samples ( n1 = @number@ n2 = @number@ n3 = @number@ ) was defined using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion.
results : in case of normal aging sst mrna expression did not alter , but decreased in cancer ( p < @number@ ) .
octreotide significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic caco-2 cells.
conclusions : in cancerous colonic mucosa the reduced sst production may contribute to the uncontrolled cell proliferation.
the inhibition of sst expression in crc can be epigenetically regulated by promoter hypermethylation.
skin aging is an inevitable biological phenomenon of human life.
advancing age brings changes to all components of the integumentary system with consequent signs on the skin.
skin aging is mainly due to intrinsic ( chronologic ) and extrinsic aging ( photo-aging ) .
photo-aging is a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet radiations.
despite variable economic conditions , the skin care market based on natural products continues to see strong growth.
in this context , the research of naturally occurring anti-aging agents is greatly expanding and in recent years numerous plant-derived products have been investigated.
this review article focuses on highlighting recent advances in current knowledge on anti-aging natural products grouped and presented according to their family origin.
plants from @number@ families were reviewed.
a variety of phytomolecules , derived in particular from polyphenols , triterpenes and sterols classes , demonstrated a promising activity.
extracts and pure compounds from fabaceae , asperaceae and zingiberaceae families have shown particular interest and appear most promising in the development of anti-aging products.
telomeric diseases are a group of rare progeroid genetic syndromes , presenting premature aging phenotypes , characterized for defects on telomere maintenance.
critically short telomeres activate a dna damage response that leads to the arrest of the cell cycle and resulting in cellular senescence or apoptosis.
furthermore , excessively short telomeres are prone to create telomeric fusions , causing genomic instability and malignant transformation.
despite the severity of these disorders , there is no curative treatment for any of them.
aim : mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have large regenerative potential to replace damaged cells from several tissues along the mesodermal lineage.
the potency of these cells promises to change the longer term prognosis for many degenerative conditions currently suffered by our aging population.
results : intriguingly , we have observed a relationship between nanotopography and piezo-stimulated mechanotransduction and possibly see evidence of two differing osteogenic mechanisms at work.
these data provide confidence in nanomechanotransduction for stem cell differentiation without dependence on soluble factors and complex chemistries.
data on processes of growth and maturing of children of younger school age , basic for formation of the person are generalised.
the factors of school limiting concerning formation of somatic and mental properties of schoolboys are surveyed.
signs of backlog and deformation of development of the nervous system , determining a disadaptation of the child are taped.
falls are a common problem in the elderly.
a common error in their management is that injury from the fall is treated , without finding its cause.
thus a proactive approach is important to screen for the likelihood of fall in the elderly.
fall assessment usually includes a focused history and a targeted examination.
timed up-and-go test can be performed quickly and is able to predict the likelihood of fall.
if possible , these are best implemented in the form of multifactorial intervention.
multifactorial intervention may also be useful in a hospital and residential care home setting.
use of physical restraints is not recommended for fall prevention.
vascular stiffness is a mechanical property of the vessel wall that affects blood pressure , permeability , and inflammation.
this response in turn affects endothelial cell contractility , which is an important property that regulates endothelial stiffness , permeability , and leukocyte-vessel wall interactions.
moreover , endothelial stiffening reduces nitric oxide production , which promotes smooth muscle cell contraction and vasoconstriction.
in fact , vessel wall stiffening , and microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction , precedes hypertension and thus underlies the development of vascular disease.
finally , we discuss recent findings that broaden therapeutic options for targeting this important mechanical signaling pathway in vascular pathogenesis.
college-educated and healthy encore adults-across age and gender divides-are more likely to exercise and watch less television.
marriage and caregiving encourage socializing and limit television watching , despite differential effects on physical activity and sleep.
aim : the aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors related with osteoporosis in women with spontaneous menopause.
results : among @number@ postmenopausal women , @number@ women were classified as normal , @number@ as osteopenic and @number@ as osteoporotic.
age is also an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
the objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of fi and associated factors in institutionalized elderly.
individuals over the age of @number@ were included in the study , while those hospitalized or in terminal phase were excluded.
fi was verified through the minimum data set ( mds ) @number@ which was also used to assess toileting programs.
the chi-square test and the linear chi-square test were performed for bivariate analysis , as well as logistic regression for multivariate analysis.
the final sample consisted of @number@ elderly , mostly females , with mean age of @number@ years.
the prevalence of fi was @percent@ ( ci @percent@ , @number@.39-48.15 ) .
incontinence control measures were applied only to @percent@ of the residents.
the final model revealed a statistically significant association between fi and functional and cognitive impairments.
with the exception of several items on perceived activation demands , paid work and volunteering were not significant longitudinal predictors of such demands.
in females , perceived activation demands increased the likelihood to work for pay a year later.
we conclude that the policy debate on active aging may benefit some older german adults but is of little consequence for most of them.
these findings have implications for public health policy implementation in an aging population.
background : exercise training is considered an effective strategy to improve metabolic disease.
despite this , less is known regarding exercise training in the prevention and susceptibility of ldl subfraction oxidation , particularly in an aged population.
the participants assigned to the exercise groups performed @number@ weeks of moderate intensity ( 55-65% vo2max ) exercise training.
moreover , α-tocopherol concentration was selectively lower in the aged exercise group , compared to the young exercise at baseline.
materials and methods : nine italian thrombosis centres utilising the zeus dosing algorithm were involved.
of @number@ patients in the oat maintenance phase , @number@ were older than @number@ years ( mean age @number@ years ) .
data for these @number@ patients managed with both modalities were analysed.
results : of the @number@ patients @number@ years of age or older , @number@ underwent oat for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
the ttr achieved with zeus was similar to that obtained with the parma algorithm.
people are generally lean during childhood and show more variability in body sizes and shapes later in life.
cortical development generally correlates with body growth.
however , in children cortical growth may be impaired with oversized body growth.
inverse correlations between body mass index ( bmi ) and brain volumes suggest that lean bodies may be associated with increased cortical volume.
no correlations were observed between higher bmi increases and cortical volumes.
this is the first longitudinal study showing positive effects of a lean body on cortical development in children.
objective : we examined the relationship of sleep duration with obesity and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling adults ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged ≥65 years were included in the analysis.
self-reported sleep duration and anthropometric data were collected.
skeletal muscle mass was estimated using the predicted equation from a bioelectrical impedance analysis measurement.
obesity and sarcopenia were defined according to the body mass index and the skeletal muscle mass index , respectively.
results : the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia exhibited a u shape in older adults.
older adults with a sleep duration < 6 h were more prone to obesity ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
after gender stratification , the association between obesity and short sleep duration was more robust in women.
conclusion : there were significant associations of sleep duration with either obesity or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
gender differences in these associations were also observed.
the rate of inflammation increases in elderly individuals , a phenomenon called inflammaging , and is associated with degenerative diseases.
however , the causes of inflammaging and the origin of the associated inflammatory mediators have remained enigmatic.
we show herein that there is a positive correlation between the number of sons born and c-reactive protein concentrations in 90-year-old women.
this association is influenced by hla genetics known to regulate the immune response against hy antigens.
hospital admissions are too brief for patients to regain necessary function.
research to examine therapy delivered within the home environment has the potential to expedite relearning of function and reduce health care expenditures.
three stakeholder symposiums identified barriers and supports to implementation.
clinical practice leaders were engaged as partners in the development of the intervention.
an online learning management system housed the resources to support therapist training.
therapist focus groups were conducted and stroke outcomes were used to assess patient response.
outcomes : eight therapists completed @number@ workshops and applied the home intervention in @number@ people with stroke.
a mentoring process for therapists included feedback from peers and experts after viewing treatment videos.
therapist response was determined from the focus groups ; patient response was measured by standardized assessments.
the therapists noted that the intervention was easier to implement with patients who were motivated and had minimal cognitive impairment.
discussion : the kta cycle provided a structure for the development of this evidence-based rehabilitation intervention , which was feasible to implement in the home.
further evaluation needs to be undertaken to assess the effectiveness of start.
maintenance of insulin sensitivity depends on functional mitochondrial networks , but is compromised by alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism during ageing.
conclusion : successful adaptation to spousal loss is primarily associated with high scores in psychological resilience and extraversion and low scores in neuroticism.
our results shed light on the variability in psychological adaptation and underline the important role of intrapersonal resources in facing spousal loss in old age.
chronic inflammation is recognized as a risk factor for the development of several malignancies.
the associated increased levels of aromatase in the breast provide a plausible mechanistic link between wat inflammation and estrogen-dependent breast cancers.
thus , breast wat inflammation could be relevant for explaining the high incidence of estrogen-dependent tumors with aging despite diminished circulating estrogen levels after menopause.
mean adipocyte size increased in association with cls-b ( p < @number@ ) .
breast wat inflammation , a process that can potentially be targeted , may help to explain the high incidence of estrogen-dependent tumors in postmenopausal women.
objective : positive self-perceptions of ageing are associated with better health ; however , little is known about the potentially underlying mechanisms.
participants provided information on self-perceptions of ageing , physical activity , self-rated health , number of chronic conditions and demographics ( t1 ) .
physical activity was reassessed six months later ( t2 ) and self-rated health after @number@ years ( t3 ) .
data were analysed using multiple regression and path analyses.
main outcome measures : self-rated health and physical activity.
results : more positive self-perceptions of ageing were related to better self-rated health over a @number@.5-year period controlling for confounding variables.
physical activity six months after t1 partially mediated this relationship.
this supports the hypothesis of a behavioural pathway in the self-perceptions of ageing health link.
the h3.3 histone variant has been a subject of increasing interest in the field of chromatin studies due to its two distinguishing features.
first , its incorporation into chromatin is replication independent unlike the replication-coupled deposition of its canonical counterparts h3. @date@ .
second , h3.3 has been consistently associated with an active state of chromatin.
implications for organismal aging are discussed.
the ability of @number@ younger and older adults to visually perceive exocentric distances was evaluated.
the observers judged the extent of fronto-parallel and in-depth spatial intervals at a variety of viewing distances from 50cm to @number@.3cm.
most of the observers perceived in-depth intervals to be significantly smaller than fronto-parallel intervals , a finding that is consistent with previous studies.
the precision of the observers ' judgments across repeated trials , however , was not affected by age.
the results demonstrate that increases in age can produce significant improvements in the visual ability to perceive the magnitude of exocentric distances.
do men die young and sick , or do women live long and healthy ?
by trying to explain the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy , both biological and environmental aspects are presently being addressed.
besides age-related changes , both the immune and the endocrine system exhibit significant sex-specific differences.
this review deals with the aging immune system and its interplay with sex steroid hormones.
among men , susceptibilities toward many infectious diseases and the corresponding mortality rates are higher.
responses to various types of vaccination are often higher among women thereby also mounting stronger humoral responses.
women appear immune-privileged.
however , levels of sex hormones change with age.
at menopause transition , dropping estradiol potentially enhances immunosenescence effects posing postmenopausal women at additional , yet specific risks.
conclusively during aging , interventions , which distinctively consider the changing level of individual hormones , shall provide potent options in maintaining optimal immune functions.
to test this , we increased serum anti-ceramide igg ( 2-fold ) by ceramide administration and analyzed amyloid plaque formation in 5xfad mice.
there were no differences in soluble or total amyloid-β levels.
however , females receiving ceramide had increased plaque burden ( number , area , and size ) compared to controls.
research findings underline an early vulnerability of the isodendritic core ( ic ) network to ad neurofibrillary lesions.
through their ascending projections to the cortex , the ic neurons regulate homeostasis and behavior by synthesizing aminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters.
therefore , the ic network represents a unique candidate for viable therapeutic intervention and should become a high priority for research in ad.
patients with mci did not differ from healthy aging on any measure of sleep-disordered breathing or sleep fragmentation.
in mci , processing speed was negatively correlated with greater sleep time spent below @percent@ oxygen saturation and a higher apnoea-hypopnea index.
in contrast , in the healthy aging , processing speed was negatively correlated with an increased oxygen desaturation index and the arousal index.
sleep-disordered breathing is evident in both healthy aging and mci with associated decrements in processing speed.
alzheimerś disease ( ad ) is a progressive irreversible neurological brain disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β , amyloid plaques , and neurofibrillary tangles.
inflammation and immune alterations have been linked to ad , suggesting that the peripheral immune system plays a role during the asymptomatic period of ad.
nk cells participate in innate immune surveillance against intracellular pathogens and malignancy but their role in ad remains controversial.
patients selected according to nincds-adrda criteria were classified using neuropsychological assessment tests.
functional assays revealed that nk cell killing activity and degranulation ( cd107 expression ) were unchanged in the three groups.
in contrast , expression of the cd95 receptor was increased in amci and mad.
granzyme b expression and cytokine production ( tnfα , ifnγ ) were increased in amci but not in mad.
ccl19- but not ccl21-dependent chemotaxis was decreased in amci and mad , despite the fact that ccr7 expression was increased in amci.
there are various definitions of biomarkers and also different classifications of the same.
exposure biomarkers ( dietary intake ) , biomarkers of effects and biomarkers of disease status can be determined from these samples.
in turn , exposure biomarkers can be temporarily categorized into markers of acute , medium term or chronic effects.
many difficulties arise in identifying good biomarkers.
we shall review the present situation of biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology as well as the future trends of the new omic biomarkers.
methods : the median age of the patients was @number@ years , and @number@ percent of the patients were women.
the median time since primary blepharoplasty was @number@ years ( range , @number@ to @number@ years ) .
at surgery , no additional skin was removed in @number@ percent , and the median amount excised in the remainder was only @number@ mm.
revision surgery was performed in @number@ percent , mainly for incomplete correction of asymmetry ( @number@ percent ) or ptosis ( @number@ percent ) .
nonsurgical complications were mainly ocular ( @number@ percent ) .
there were no cases of persistent postoperative lagophthalmos or dry eyes.
lipoinfiltration for volume contouring is another major advance.
conclusions : the postblepharoplasty look of patients undergoing secondary upper lid blepharoplasty differs from the lid appearance of patients presenting for primary blepharoplasty.
tarsal fixation and lipoinfiltration are major advances in secondary upper lid blepharoplasty.
background : botulinum toxin type a has been widely used to correct unwanted hyperfunctional facial lines.
most forms of botulinum toxin type a currently used require reconstitution , which is very inconvenient for users.
methods : a double-blind , randomized , active drug-controlled , phase iii study with @number@ enrolled subjects was performed.
the primary efficacy endpoint was the improvement rate at maximum frown at week @number@ by the investigators ' live assessment.
self-assessment and self-satisfaction with glabellar line improvement were also evaluated.
results : the improvement rate at maximum frown by live assessment was not significantly different between the mt10109l and botox groups.
there were no severe adverse events.
conclusions : the efficacy and safety of mt10109l were comparable to those of botox for the management of glabellar frown lines.
mt10109l provides greater convenience because it does not require dilution and has long-lasting effects.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , ii.
increased morbidity and mortality have been associated with extreme heat events , particularly in temperate climates.
few epidemiologic studies have considered the impact of extreme heat events on hospitalization rates in the pacific northwest region.
this study quantifies the historic ( may to @date@ @number@ ) heat-morbidity relationship in the most populous pacific northwest county , king county , washington.
this study demonstrates that heat , expressed as humidex , is associated with increased hospital admissions.
background : in nonsurgical facial rejuvenation , autologous fat and dermal fillers have become an effective method to achieve symmetry and balance of the midface.
nonsurgical techniques that target the dynamic anatomical relationships existing in the midface can improve rejuvenation outcomes in this commonly augmented region.
objectives : the authors described techniques for fat compartment and potential space volumization of the midface via a standardized and reproducible technique.
they placed emphasis on access to anatomical spaces and compartments within the midface.
specimens were dissected in a layered fashion to analyze relationships between the injected filler and midfacial anatomy.
we have described @number@ site-specific procedural techniques and created a video containing anatomical renderings of each targeted viaduct accompanied by technique demonstrations.
results : we found that beut techniques @number@ through @number@ can be performed through @number@ midfacial viaducts.
systematic assessment and site-specific nonsurgical rejuvenation of the midface may lead to increased safety , accuracy , and technique reproducibility in this commonly injected region.
wnt signaling has emerged in recent years as a major player in both nervous system development and adult synaptic plasticity.
impaired hippocampal wnt signaling is implicated in several of these conditions , however , little is known about how wnt signaling mediates hippocampal memory formation.
research nurses completed a standardized comprehensive assessment of residents and interviewed family caregivers at baseline ( 2006-2008 ) and @number@ year later.
standardized administrator interviews provided facility level data.
hospitalization was determined via linkage with the provincial inpatient discharge abstract database.
multivariable cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of hospitalization.
results : the cumulative annual incidence of hospitalization was @percent@ ( @number@.5%-42.7% ) for dal and @percent@ ( @number@.0%-12.6% ) for ltc residents with dementia.
conclusions : dal residents with dementia had a hospitalization rate almost 4-fold higher than ltc residents with dementia.
chair-rise time decreased by @number@ ± @number@ seconds ( range : @number@ to @number@ seconds ; p = @number@ ) from @number@ to @number@ weeks.
nonresponsiveness was not apparent in any subject , as a positive adaptive response on at least one training outcome was apparent in every subject.
the level of responsiveness was strongly affected by the duration of the exercise intervention , with more positive responses following more prolonged exercise training.
consequently , resistance-type exercise should be promoted without restriction to support healthy aging in the older population.
many consortia and international projects have investigated the human genetic variation of a large number of ethno-geographic groups.
however , populations with peculiar genetic features , such as the turkish population , are still absent in publically available datasets.
this approach showed significant differences between the turkish population and populations with non-european ancestries , as well as between turkish and northern european individuals.
vitamin d deficiency is associated with sarcopenia , which is characterized by the decrease in muscle mass and the muscle weakness.
clinical evidence showed the beneficial effects of vitamin d treatment on muscle mass and function in older people.
recent studies suggest that vitamin d is associated with the preservation of muscle function related to the interactions between bone and muscle.
children who are exposed to maternal diabetes in utero may be ' programmed ' for later development of obesity at a critical period of development.
a total of @number@ mother-child pairs were included in the present retrospective study.
eligible pregnant women underwent a standard @number@ g oral glucose tolerance test between @number@ and @number@ weeks ' gestation.
the result suggests that children exposed to gdm have higher adiposity ; prevention of childhood obesity needs to begin early in life for these children.
objective : to study the associations of pedestrian injuries with age , income and educational level in shanghai and to analyze the relative disease burden.
logistic regression model was used in the analyses.
results : the age group of 5-9 had the highest mortality and morbidity among children.
mortality increased obviously among those aged @number@ or above.
individuals with an educational level under the primary school and with the lower family average income were more likely to suffer pedestrian-related injuries.
conclusion : pedestrian-related injury has inverse association with victims ' income and educational level.
children of 5-9 years old and adults over @number@ with lower educational level and lower monthly income are the target persons to be intervened.
conclusions : modifiable dietary and lifestyle predictors of serum 25 ( oh ) d were identified in african americans.
apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in alzheimer's disease dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment and is associated with cortical atrophy in alzheimer's disease dementia.
this study investigated possible correlations between apathy and cortical atrophy in @number@ individuals with mild cognitive impairment and @number@ clinically normal elderly.
lower inferior temporal cortical thickness was predictive of greater apathy.
greater anterior cingulate cortical thickness was also predictive of greater apathy , suggesting an underlying reactive process.
cellular senescence contributes to tissue and organismal aging , tumor suppression and progress , tissue repair and regeneration , and age-related diseases.
thus , aging intervention might be beneficial for treatment and prevention of diverse age-related diseases.
compound @number@ also reduced sa-β-gal activity in huvecs under replicative senescence.
methods : the prospective study included @number@ stroke-free participants aged 42-81 years from the european prospective investigation into cancer-norfolk cohort.
participants reported sleep duration in 1998-2000 and 2002-2004 , and all stroke cases were recorded until @date@ .
results : after @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ cases of stroke occurred.
the association remained robust among those without preexisting diseases and those who reported sleeping well.
the association for short sleep was smaller ( and not statistically significant ) ( hr = @number@ [ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ] ) .
this study aimed to assess uptake and decision making for predictive genetic testing and the impact on psychological well-being.
twenty completed the follow-up post-test hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire including @number@ of the @number@ who had tested positive.
mean risk perception at baseline was @number@ %.
reasons for testing included planning for the future , relieving uncertainty , informing children and satisfying curiosity.
at baseline , one quarter of the participants had high levels of anxiety.
however , scores were normal one year following testing.
in this small cohort , one third of individuals at @number@ % risk chose pre-symptomatic testing.
although one quarter of those choosing testing had high anxiety at baseline , this was not evident at follow-up.
the purpose of this study was to compare spring-mass behavior between older and younger individuals at a range of hopping frequencies.
a total of @number@ elderly and @number@ young subjects performed in-place hopping in time with a metronome at frequencies of @number@ @number@ and @number@ hz.
the lower extremities of both groups behaved like a simple spring-mass system at all three hopping frequencies.
further , statistical analysis revealed the existence of a significant interaction between hopping frequency and age group on leg stiffness.
these results suggest that the sensitivity of leg stiffness to accommodate for variations in hopping frequency is likely to differ between elderly and young individuals.
klingberg ( trends cogn sci 14 : 317-324 , @number@ ) ] , thereby , however , confounding adaptivity and exposure to varying task difficulty.
despite large performance increases in the trained wm tasks , we observed neither transfer to untrained structurally dissimilar wm tasks nor far transfer to reasoning.
aseptic implant loosening due to inflammatory reactions to wear debris is the main reason for the revision of total knee replacements ( tkr ) .
hence , the decrease in polyethylene wear particle generation from the articulating surfaces is aimed at improving implant design and material.
for preclinical testing of new tkr systems standardized wear tests are required.
hence , severe test conditions are in demand for a better reproduction of the in vivo situation of tkr.
in the present article an overview of different experimental wear test scenarios considering clinically relevant polyethylene wear situations using severe test conditions is presented.
background & aims : the results of studies assessing relationships between vitamin e intake and status and lung function are conflicting.
alpha and δ-tocopherol were not associated with any lung function parameter.
serum levels of δ-tocopherol were also lower in participants with greater levels of smoking ( p = @number@ ) .
sirtinol is a known inhibitor of sirtuin proteins , a family of deacetylases involved in the pathophysiology of aging.
spectroscopic and structural data reveal that this compound is also an iron chelator forming high-spin ferric species in vitro and in cultured leukemia cells.
interactions with the highly regulated iron pool therefore contribute to its overall intracellular agenda.
glomerular kidney diseases are a major cause of end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
thus , it comes as wonderful news that glomerular research is advancing at a remarkable pace.
conventional lateral cephalograms for cephalometric analysis were scanned and analyzed by dolphin imaging software @number@
a confidence interval of @percent@ and level of significance of @percent@ were considered for all the tests performed.
these modifications must be taken into account when planning the treatment for younger patients , to minimize the modifications arising from the natural aging process.
nearly @number@ participants were presented with about @number@ word stimuli ( selected from a list of @number@ words ) in an adapted lexical decision task.
we identify age , education , and multilingualism as the most important factors influencing vocabulary size.
in addition , we show that corpus word frequency and prevalence are complementary measures of word occurrence covering a broad range of language experiences.
conclusion : the present study supports that there is an association between retirement age and age at onset of ad.
however , the strength of this association appears to be overestimated due to the selection bias.
moreover , the causality issue remains unresolved.
further prospective investigations are mandatory in order to correctly address this question.
background : falling is a common but devastating and costly problem of aging.
there is no consensus in the literature on whether the spatial and temporal gait parameters could identify elderly people at risk of recurrent falls.
objective : to determine whether spatiotemporal gait parameters could predict recurrent falls in elderly women.
method : one hundred and forty-eight elderly women ( 65-85 years ) participated in this study.
seven spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected with the gaitrite ( r ) system.
falls were recorded prospectively during @number@ months through biweekly phone contacts.
elderly women who reported two or more falls throughout the follow-up period were considered as recurrent fallers.
principal component analysis ( pca ) and discriminant analysis followed by biplot graph interpretation were applied to the gait parameters.
pca resulted in three components that explained @percent@ of data variance.
discriminant analysis showed that none of the components could significantly discriminate the groups.
however , visual inspection of the biplot showed a trend towards group separation in relation to gait velocity and stance time.
conclusions : the analyzed spatiotemporal gait parameters failed to predict recurrent falls in this sample.
the pca-biplot technique highlighted important trends or red flags that should be considered when evaluating recurrent falls in elderly females.
homocysteine elevation has emerged as a prothrombotic factor , influencing coagulative status and endothelial function and potentially modulating platelet aggregation.
aggregation tests were performed by multiple electrode aggregometry.
suboptimal platelet inhibition was defined as on-treatment aggregation above the lower limit of normality.
higher hcy is directly related with serum creatinine and uric acid ( p < @number@ ) .
suboptimal platelet inhibition was found in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) for asa and for adp antagonists in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
hcy levels significantly affected suboptimal response to asa , but not to adp-mediated aggregation.
conclusions : among patients with cad , elevated homocysteine is an independent predictor of suboptimal response to asa , but not to adp antagonists.
we examined the extent to which we mitigated community-defined timeliness risk factors for delayed follow-up , with a focus on spanish-speaking participants.
results : median follow-up time ( @number@ days for breast and @number@ days for cervical screening abnormalities ) compared favorably to external benchmarks.
conclusions : our successful replication and scaling of the pnrp navigation model to dupage county illustrates a promising approach for future navigator research.
nutritional practices develop over the life course.
developing healthy habits at an early age can contribute to combating increasing child obesity rates.
nbcc's garden program serves as a model in early childhood education and as a community-based intervention to improve family health and prevent child obesity.
the aim of the conference was to discuss the progress in the field of neurorecovery.
the conference brought together internationally renowned scientists and clinicians , who described the clinical and therapeutic relevance of translational research and its applications in neurorehabilitation.
recent studies have revealed an important role for ltbp-4 in elastogenesis.
we therefore inactivated both ltbp-4 isoforms in the mouse germline to model arcl1c.
overall , our results contribute to the current understanding of elastogenesis and provide an animal model of arcl1c.
objectives : nurses are at increased risk of occupational asthma , an observation that may be related to disinfectants exposure.
whether asthma history influences job type or job changes among nurses is unknown.
we investigated this issue in a large cohort of nurses.
methods : the nurses ' health study ii is a prospective study of us female nurses enrolled in @number@ ( ages 24-44 years ) .
job status and asthma were assessed in biennial ( 1989-2011 ) and asthma-specific questionnaires ( @number@ @number@ ) .
associations between asthma history at baseline ( diagnosis before @number@ n = 5311 ) and job type at baseline were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression.
the relations of asthma history and severity during follow-up to subsequent job changes were evaluated by cox models.
results : the analytic cohort included @number@ @number@ nurses.
conclusions : asthma history was associated with baseline job type and subsequent job changes among nurses.
this may partly reflect avoidance of tasks involving disinfectant use , and may introduce bias in cross-sectional studies on disinfectant exposure and asthma in nurses.
to further address this announcement , in @date@ , scientists with varying perspectives came together at georgetown university to discuss the following questions.
observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex.
all analyses were stratified by age ( cutoff @number@ years of age ) and sex.
in conclusion , this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
background : immunity to the antigenically diverse parasite plasmodium falciparum is acquired gradually after repeated exposure.
studies in areas of high malaria transmission have shown that asymptomatic individuals infected with multiclonal infections are at reduced risk of febrile malaria during follow-up.
polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein @number@ gene was performed on blood samples collected at @number@ cross-sectional surveys.
aims : ageing-related cardiac disorders such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation often present with intracellular calcium homeostasis dysfunction.
however , knowledge of the intrinsic effects of ageing on cellular calcium handling in the human heart is sparse.
therefore , this study aimed to analyse how ageing affects key mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium in human atrial myocytes.
protein levels were determined by western blot.
in contrast , ageing did not affect spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release.
whether this occurs among older adults ( > 60 years ) is currently unknown.
secondarily , we assessed if varying cognitive demand resulted in decreased steadiness and was explained by anxiety or cortisol levels.
results : fatigability was greater when high and low cd were performed during the fatiguing contraction for the women but not for the men.
steadiness decreased ( force fluctuations increased ) more during high cd than control.
elevated anxiety , mean arterial pressure , and salivary cortisol levels in both men and women did not explain the greater fatigability during high cd.
steadiness decreased in both sexes when high cd was imposed.
@number@ participants attended the tilda health centre for assessment.
retinal photographs were obtained in @number@ of these participants.
retinal grading was performed in a masked fashion using a modified version of the international classification and grading system for amd.
statistically significant associations with amd included increasing age and family history of the condition.
objective : the relationship between inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms has been reported inconsistently.
moreover , there were only a few studies conducted in an asian population.
the purpose of this study was to examine the association between c reactive protein ( crp ) and depressive symptoms in an elderly korean population.
as a marker of systemic inflammation , crp was measured.
depressive symptoms were measured with the center for epidemiologic studies depression ( ces-d ) scale.
multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between crp and depressive symptoms.
conclusions : our findings suggest that elevated crp levels are independently associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in elderly korean men.
this meta-analysis motivated the fda's draft guidance for using pcr as a surrogate endpoint in accelerated drug approval.
we address differences in the two trials that may account for discordant conclusions.
this underscores the importance of appropriately modeling the two endpoints when designing clinical trials.
the i-spy @date@ neoadjuvant trials exemplify this approach.
objective : we aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and adult onset asthma.
methods : asthma incidence was prospectively assessed in six european cohorts.
meta-analyses of cohort-specific logistic regression on asthma incidence were performed.
results : in this longitudinal analysis , asthma incidence was positively , but not significantly , associated with all exposure metrics , except for pmcoarse.
a nonsignificant negative association was estimated for pmcoarse ( adjusted or = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ per @number@ μg / m3 ) .
conclusions : results suggest a deleterious effect of ambient air pollution on asthma incidence in adults.
further research with improved personal-level exposure assessment ( vs. residential exposure assessment only ) and phenotypic characterization is needed.
female fertility declines with age.
university students are the group of people most likely to postpone parenthood , yet several international studies have shown that they overestimate their fertility.
our study has shown that new zealand university students overestimated the rates of pregnancy for both spontaneous natural and ivf pregnancies.
students are mainly aware of the availability of assisted reproductive technologies ( arts ) , but overestimate their effectiveness.
few students mentioned non-medical or well-being initiatives as measures to prolong parenthood.
background : no study has examined the longitudinal association between hand-grip strength and mental health , such as depressive symptoms.
objective : we investigated the relationship between baseline hand-grip strength and the risk of depressive symptoms.
design : a prospective cohort study.
results : the @number@ subjects had a mean age of @number@ years , @percent@ were women , and mean unadjusted hand-grip strength was @number@ kg.
various tissues in the human body , including cartilage , are known to calcify with aging.
in addition , using both p / m and t / m blocked the increase of cell media temperature induced by ir lamp.
dna replication is a tightly regulated process that initiates from multiple replication origins and leads to the faithful transmission of the genetic material.
for proper dna replication , the chromatin surrounding origins needs to be remodeled.
however , remarkably little is known on which epigenetic changes are required to allow the firing of replication origins.
here , we show that the histone demethylase kdm5c / jarid1c is required for proper dna replication at early origins.
fork activation and histone h4 acetylation , additional early events involved in dna replication , are not affected by jarid1c downregulation.
the sample consisted of @number@ dyads , caregiver-patient.
at baseline , a greater perception of the caregiver's burden was observed in the live-in caregivers.
a further increase in the total burden of the live-in caregivers was noticed at the 6-month follow-up.
the present paper confirms our hypothesis that live-in caregivers perceive a greater burden than nonlive-in , and this difference increases further after @number@ months.
the difference in involvement between live-in and nonlive-in caregivers could be the foundation to tailor more specific interventions.
the rate / quality of human aging and the development / progression of diseases depend on a complex interplay among genetics , epigenetics and environment.
in this scenario , mitochondrial function ( or dysfunction ) and mitochondrial dna have emerged as major players.
this is mainly due to their crucial role in energetic balance , in modulating epigenetic programs and in influencing cell stress response.
in addition , motor neuron counts and soma sizes were recorded.
there was minimal coexpression of p75ntr with atf3 , a marker for cell stress , but @percent@ coexpressed the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3.
furthermore , p75ntr re-expression occurs in larger alpha motor neurons that express cleaved caspsase-3 and are destined to die.
enzalutamide ( xtandi ( ® ) ) is an androgen receptor inhibitor that blocks several steps in the androgen receptor signalling pathway.
in addition , enzalutamide significantly delayed the need for chemotherapy and the decline in health-related quality of life versus placebo.
enzalutamide was generally well tolerated in chemotherapy-naïve men with metastatic crpc.
in conclusion , enzalutamide is a convenient , effective and well tolerated treatment for chemotherapy-naïve men with metastatic crpc who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic.
a central issue in olfaction concerns the characterization of loss of olfactory function : partial ( hyposmia ) or total ( anosmia ) .
this paper reports the application in a clinical setting of the european test of olfactory capabilities ( etoc ) , combining odor detection and identification.
the study included three phases.
in phase @number@ anosmics , hyposmics and controls were tested with the 16-items version of the etoc.
in phase @number@ a short version of the etoc was developed : patients with and controls without olfactory impairment were tested on a 6-items etoc.
in phase @number@ linear discriminant analysis ( lda ) of etoc scores classified patients and controls with @number@ % accuracy.
in phase @number@ lda provided @number@ % correct classification.
in conclusion , the etoc enables characterizing the prevalence of olfactory impairment in young subjects and in normal and pathological aging.
pubmed and the international association for dental research abstracts online were searched for laboratory studies on microtensile , macrotensile and macroshear bond strength tests.
the clinical outcome variables were retention loss , marginal discoloration , detectable margins , and a clinical index comprising the three parameters by weighing them.
linear mixed models which included a random study effect were calculated for both , the laboratory and the clinical studies.
results : thirty-two laboratory studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria comprising @number@ experiments.
of those , @number@ used the microtensile test evaluating @number@ adhesive systems ( as ) .
twenty-seven used the macrotensile test with @number@ as , and @number@ used the macroshear test with @number@ as.
for @number@ as the results from clinical studies were available.
the effect of the adhesive system was significant for microtensile and macroshear ( p < @number@ ) but not for macrotensile.
for the clinical trials , about @percent@ of the variability of retained restorations could be explained by the adhesive system.
however , no correlation between these tests and a retention loss or marginal integrity was shown.
the correlation improved when more studies were included compared to assessing only one study.
significance : the high variability of bond strength test results highlights the need to establish individual acceptance levels for a given test institute.
significance : the molecular mechanism of aging is still vigorously debated , although a general consensus exists that mitochondria are significantly involved in this process.
peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured between bm and as at increasing distance away from bmo.
models were adjusted for age , bmo area , and axial length in the regression analysis.
results from multivariate regression indicate that ed subjects had significantly lower pct compared to ad overall and in all quadrants and distances from bmo.
increasing age was also significantly associated with a lower pct in both ed and ad participants.
conclusions : peripapillary choroidal thickness varies with race and age , as individuals of ad have a thicker peripapillary choroid than those of ed.
( clinicaltrials.gov number , nct00221923. ) .
we examined the association between serum leptin levels and amd.
controls ( n = @number@ ) without amd were frequency matched for age , sex , and ethnicity.
serum leptin levels were measured using direct sandwich elisa.
in subgroup analyses , the inverse association between leptin and amd was significant in women , indian ethnicity , and ex-smokers.
conclusions : higher serum leptin levels were inversely associated with amd.
these findings , if confirmed in prospective studies , may provide insights into new pathogenic pathways and possibly therapeutic targets in amd.
results : approximately @percent@ of the men and @percent@ of the women who were normal weight according to bmi had excessive %bf.
greater android adiposity stores were robustly associated with ir or diabetes in all adults , independent of sb and activity.
conclusions : android adiposity and low moderate and vigorous pa are the strongest predictors of ir or diabetes among aging adults.
early identification of those at higher risk of dementia may play a part in secondary prevention and has received great clinical and research interest.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a construct originally proposed to identify those who fall between normal cognitive aging and dementia.
clinical and research utility and validity of mci are hotly debated.
this article aims to discuss whether these definitions provide clearer conceptualization of mci and to highlight implications for research.
individuals with hiv infection are living substantially longer on antiretroviral therapy , but hospitalization rates continue to be relatively high.
we do not know how overall or diagnosis-specific hospitalization rates compare between hiv-infected and uninfected individuals or what conditions may drive hospitalization trends.
hospitalization rates among united states veterans were calculated and stratified by hiv serostatus and principal diagnosis disease category.
because alcohol-related diagnoses ( ard ) appeared to have a disproportional effect , we further stratified our calculations by ard history.
a multivariable cox proportional hazards model was fitted to assess the relative risk of hospitalization controlling for demographic and other comorbidity variables.
from @number@ to @number@ @number@ hiv-infected and @number@ uninfected patients were followed for @number@ person-years.
overall hospitalization rates decreased among hiv-infected and uninfected patients.
still , hiv alone also conferred increased risk ( hr @number@ @number@ % ci @number@ @number@ ) .
while decreasing overall , risk of all-cause hospitalization remains higher among hiv-infected than uninfected individuals and is strongly influenced by the presence of an ard.
purpose : recognition of injury to the hyoid bone is intrinsic to post-mortem examination.
hyoid fractures are variably reported to occur in manual strangulation and during hanging.
hyoid variants were also documented.
sex differences were evident in adult hyoid bones and discriminant function analysis correctly confirmed sex in @percent@ of cases.
in the majority of cases the site of ligature was below the hyoid bone and in only one on the hyoid body.
it is established , that at children sensitivity to acute hypoxia above , than at teenagers , and at teenagers above , than at adults.
higher lability of mental processes , sympathetic activity , and personal anxiety are associated with choleric temperament.
there were revealed both : decrease and increase of some elements ' contents.
also were revealed the dynamics of mentioned elements contents in the hair of the same children in different years.
significant individual variability of the macro and trace elements ' status of children-northerners and some gender dependence were revealed.
epilepsy genes deliver critical insights into the molecular control of brain synchronization and are revolutionizing our understanding and treatment of the disease.
in sheer number , the tally of genes linked to seizures will likely match that of cancer and exceed it in biological diversity.
the proteins act within most intracellular compartments and span the molecular determinants of firing and wiring in the developing brain.
every facet of neurotransmission , from dendritic spine to exocytotic machinery , is in play , and defects of synaptic inhibition are over-represented.
the contributions of somatic mutations and noncoding micrornas are also being explored.
background and objectives : ckd is associated with mortality.
accurate prediction tools for mortality may guide clinical decision-making , particularly among elderly persons with ckd.
models were developed using cox regression and evaluated using c statistics.
the model performed fair in external validation ( c statistic = 0.69 ; @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ to @number@ ) .
secondary goals examined albuminuria , age , race , sex , and metformin prescription.
statistical analyses used linear mixed models adjusted for randomization levels.
preselected subgroup analyses of sex , race , age , and metformin were conducted.
there were no differences in hba1c , gfr , or albuminuria in the overall group.
because subanalyses revealed that sc may reduce hba1c and albuminuria in some patients with t2dm with dkd , further studies may be warranted.
background : obesity is a risk factor for decline in glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) .
one proposed mechanism leading to glomerulopathy is an increase in leptin levels.
however , the association between leptin and gfr has never been demonstrated.
the aim of this study is to verify whether higher levels of leptin are associated with longitudinal changes of estimated gfr ( egfr ) .
methods and findings : we selected @number@ participants in the inchianti study ( @number@ women ) .
we also compared the proportion of patients with rapid decline of renal function across tertiles of change in serum leptin between baseline and 6-years follow-up.
relative to baseline levels , the estimated change in egfr for unit-increase in log-leptin was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ - @number@ ) .
after stratification by sex , the results were confirmed in women only.
in women we also found an association between increasing leptin concentration over time and rapid decline of renal function.
the metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
the metabolic syndrome pandemic reflects poor cardiometabolic health due to sedentary lifestyles and excess caloric intake over the background of an aging population.
sirtuins are protein deacetylases that represent master regulators of senescence , metabolism , and substrate utilization.
gsis and gsms reduce aβ levels through very different mechanisms.
however , gsis , but not gsms , markedly increase the levels of app ctfs that are increasingly viewed as disrupting neuronal function.
here , we evaluated the effects of gsis and gsms on a number of neuronal phenotypes possibly relevant to their use in treatment of ad.
in contrast , treatment with a novel class of gsms had no significant effect on these measures.
physical and cognitive limitations often accompany aging , increasing the importance of a safe and supportive environment to help older adults maintain mobility.
neighborhood design and maintenance must be evaluated to promote physical activity , mobility , and safety.
safe routes uses a toolkit based on the 5-e model providing practical resources to guide stakeholders in meeting the needs of the community.
findings include the centers for disease control healthy aging research network audit tool assessment for environmental walkability factors.
results from street segment audits along with input from residents can be used to inform sound environmental policies.
the present legal definition of the term research creates problems with what can be considered for ethical vetting by the research ethical review board.
the relationship between dementia and cancer is complex.
these relationships persist despite correcting for reporting artifacts and survival bias.
several potential mechanisms have been proposed and warrant further investigation.
aging is a risk factor for both.
common environmental exposures , such as smoking , may play roles.
common mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and immunosenescence , and common risk factors such as diabetes and obesity , have been implicated.
shared genetic pathways are a major focus , particularly those favoring apoptosis and cell proliferation at opposite ends of the spectrum.
we aimed to explore the association between hs-ctnt levels and cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at-risk individuals.
their overall mean hs-ctnt level was @number@ ng / ml.
pre-delirium scores from past cognitive tests and best scores were imputed after admission.
forty-eight percent had prior dementia.
general medicine and geriatric medicine groups had similar outcomes.
in all the cases , endopat assessments were done at pre- and post-br immobilization as well as following @number@ days of ambulatory recovery.
additionally , there were no statistically significant differences between br14 and at @number@ days of follow-up ( rehabilitation program ) ( r28 ) .
our results show a trend of immobilization in older persons affecting the vasoconstrictory endothelial response.
finally , our results also show that endopat may be a useful noninvasive tool to assess the vascular reactivity.
purpose : to examine the association of cognitive function , age , and hearing loss with clinically assessed hearing aid benefit in older hearing-impaired persons.
a broad range of general cognitive functions such as attention , memory , and intelligence were determined using different neuropsychological tests.
thirty experienced older hearing aid users with typical age-related hearing impairment participated.
results : most of the benefit measures revealed that the participants obtained significant improvement with their hearing aids.
regression models showed a significant relationship between a fluid intelligence measure and objective hearing aid benefit.
when individual hearing thresholds were considered as an additional independent variable , hearing loss was the only significant contributor to the benefit models.
lower cognitive capacity - as determined by the fluid intelligence measure - was significantly associated with greater hearing loss.
subjective benefit could not be predicted by any of the variables considered.
conclusion : the present study does not give evidence that hearing aid benefit is critically associated with cognitive function in experienced hearing aid users.
however , it was found that lower fluid intelligence scores were related to higher hearing thresholds.
where possible , results were pooled and meta-analysis was conducted.
results : four articles ( three rct and one single-group pre- and post-test pilot study ) were included.
the study quality of the three rcts was high ; however , measurement outcomes , interventions , and follow-up time periods differed across studies.
only two other outcomes were reported in two or more of the studies ( step test and physiological profile assessment ) .
objective : italian road law limits driving while undergoing treatment with certain kinds of medication.
reference deciles were created for the test results obtained from a sample of @number@ italian subjects.
results lying within the first three deciles were considered as incompatible with safe driving capabilities.
only @percent@ of the subjects were able to perform all four tests correctly.
accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity may be beneficial in preserving cognition in late life.
this study examined the association between baseline and changes in physical activity and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people.
cognitive decline was defined by calculating the reliable change index using the mini-mental state examination.
physical activity levels were categorized as sedentary , low , or high.
changes in physical activity were classified as inactive , decreaser , increaser , or active.
logistic regression analysis of baseline and changes in physical activity with cognitive decline was performed.
compared with the sedentary group at baseline , both the low and high activity groups were less likely to experience cognitive decline.
older adults who remained active or increased activity over time had a reduced risk of cognitive decline.
engagement in physical activity in late life may have cognitive health benefits.
there is a growing emphasis on examining preclinical levels of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) -related pathology in the absence of cognitive impairment.
previous work examining biomarkers has focused almost exclusively on memory , although there is mounting evidence that attention also declines early in disease progression.
biomarkers included amyloid β42 , tau , and phosphorylated tau measured from cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography measures of amyloid deposition.
both tasks elicited widespread patterns of activation and deactivation associated with large task-level manipulations of attention.
importantly , results from both tasks indicated that higher levels of tau and phosphorylated tau pathologies were associated with block-level overactivations of attentional control areas.
this suggests early alteration in attentional control with rising levels of ad pathology.
background : little information is available on the effect of dementia on outcomes of elderly patients with hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease at the population level.
we collected patients ' data from the administrative database to compare clinical and medical economic outcomes of elderly patients with hemorrhagic peptic ulcers.
background : fragility fractures of the proximal humerus and distal radius can have a significant impact on the elderly population , both economically and physically.
limited data are available to demonstrate the functional and economic impact of upper extremity fragility fractures.
aims : to investigate the economic and social impact that proximal humerus fragility fractures may have on an older population.
patients were divided into two groups to show age impact ; group @number@ = 50-79 years old and group @number@ = @number@ years and older.
eighty-six charts were reviewed , @number@ for group @number@ and @number@ for group @number@
demographic , admission , inpatient , and discharge data were compared between groups.
results : a third of patients in each group had a previous fragility fracture.
inpatient length of stay was comparable between groups.
surgical treatment was used at a higher rate in the younger cohort ( p = @number@ ) .
approximate average hospital charges for an inpatient surgical treatment were about twice those of the non-surgically treated patients.
a complex interplay between multiple biological effects shapes the aging process.
surprisingly , specific dna regions show directional epigenetic changes in aged individuals suggesting the importance of these events for the aging process.
as the population of older latinos in the u.s. increases , availability of culturally adapted geriatric psychiatry services is becoming a growing concern.
this issue is exacerbated for rural latino populations.
patients ( n = @number@ ) received ip and tp testing @number@ weeks apart.
the order of ip and tp test administrations in individual subjects was determined randomly.
this study demonstrates feasibility and utility of neurocognitive testing in spanish using tp among older rural latinos.
highly selective α1a-receptor antagonists such as silodosin were developed specifically for the treatment of luts because non-selective antagonists were associated with cardiovascular adverse effects.
since α1a is predominantly expressed in the prostate , higher selectivity for α1a may account for lower blood pressure-related adverse effects.
silodosin is administered once daily and provides rapid improvements in the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe luts / bph in male patients.
unlike 5aris , α-blockers do not impair libido.
the original and best evidence for the existence of cscs came from advances in the field of haematological malignancies.
we present evidence from the scientific literature for age-related genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to cancer and discuss the main challenges in the field.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a neurological condition related to early stages of dementia including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
this study investigates the potential of measures of transfer entropy in scalp eeg for effectively discriminating between normal aging , mci , and ad participants.
resting eeg records from @number@ age-matched participants ( mean age @number@ years ) -15 normal controls , @number@ mci , and @number@ early ad-are examined.
the mean temporal delays corresponding to peaks in inter-regional transfer entropy are computed and used as features to discriminate between the three groups of participants.
three-way classification schemes based on binary support vector machine models demonstrate overall discrimination accuracies of @number@.7- @percent@ , depending on the protocol condition.
these results demonstrate the potential for eeg transfer entropy measures as biomarkers in identifying early mci and ad.
moreover , the analyses based on short data segments ( two minutes ) render the method practical for a primary care setting.
combination therapy has proven to be an effective strategy for treating many of the world's most intractable diseases.
with the emergence of experimental therapeutics targeting cd47 , a more thorough understanding of cd47 signal transduction is essential.
nevertheless , quantitative research has shown minimal increase in participation in activities that benefit overall health.
this study explored why people do or do not engage in activities following hip or knee tjr.
method : this was a longitudinal qualitative study.
sampling was guided by constructivist grounded theory and data collected using open-ended , semi-structured interviews.
participants were recruited using maximum variation sampling based on age , sex and joint replaced ( hip or knee ) .
data were analysed using a constant comparative approach and coded for thematic patterns and relationships from which overarching themes were constructed.
results : twenty-nine patients participated in interviews prior to , and @number@ and @number@ months post following tjr.
conclusion : findings suggest that multi-faceted experiences impact participation in activity following tjr.
these experiences include changes in identity and lifestyle that preclude a ' return to normal'.
there is an urgent need for supports to increase people's activity post-tjr in order to facilitate enhancement of post-surgery levels of engagement.
approaches that take into consideration more personalized interventions may be critical to promoting healthy aging in people with tjr.
the relationship between energy expenditure and energy intake throughout an individual's lifetime is far more complicated than previously thought.
hs was defined as severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal ca1 and / or subiculum.
the severity and distribution of tdp-43 were assessed , and other age-related pathologies were also documented.
results : hs was more common in those aged > 90 years ( @percent@ ) compared to younger subjects ( @percent@ ) .
hs cases commonly coexisted with tdp-43 pathology ( @percent@ ) , which was more severe ( p < @number@ ) in hs cases.
tdp-43 without hs was separately related to lower episodic memory.
interpretation : the combined roles of hs and tdp-43 pathology are significant factors underlying global cognitive impairment and probable ad in older subjects.
immune enhancement is desirable in situations where decreased immunity results in increased morbidity.
therefore , end-stage characteristics of emra cd8 ( + ) t cells are stringently controlled by distinct and reversible cell signaling events.
gene expression changes , including the increased expression of mmp1 and mmp3 , were observed using affymetrix genechip arrays and confirmed by qrt-pcr.
changes in mrna levels due to a single exposure were transient and decreased @number@ days after exposure.
the purpose of this study was to determine the key determinants of loneliness of older canadians.
data comprised a sample of @number@ respondents over age @number@ drawn from statistics canada's general social survey , cycle @number@
a striking feature of our findings is the relatively low scores on loneliness of older canadians compared to older adults in other countries.
i.i. mechnikov's hypothesis that the key to prolongation of life lies in the introduction of useful microflora to the gut was not proved.
any microflora needs nutrition and perceives the human body only as a nutrient substrate.
at the ultrastructural level it has been shown by the example of prostatitis and skin aging changes.
thus , the physiological process of macroorganism aging can be viewed as a consequence of its microbiological destruction.
we consider the regression or retrogenesis hypothesis , which argues that order of acquisition in development is reversed in neurodegeneration or pathology.
we investigate this hypothesis in a new study of language development , aging , and pathology.
aims : β-amyloid ( aβ ) plaques are a key feature of alzheimer's disease pathology but correlate poorly with dementia.
they are associated with astrocytes which may modulate the effect of aβ-deposition on the neuropil.
this study characterised the astrocyte response to aβ plaque subtypes , and investigated their association with cognitive impairment.
diffuse plaques with no astrogliosis in layer vi related to dementia status ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
background : personality disorder traits are relatively prevalent among older adults , and can be associated with complex and chronic difficulties , including suicide risk.
however , there is a lack of research regarding personality disorders and suicide ideation in older adults.
depressive symptoms and hopelessness may be important to the relation between personality disorders and suicide risk.
methods : the hypothesis was tested in a sample of @number@ older adults recruited from a primary care setting.
participants completed self-report questionnaires of personality traits , suicide ideation , depressive symptoms , hopelessness , perceived burdensomeness , and thwarted belongingness.
hopelessness did not act as a mediator.
clinicians should be aware of these issues when assessing and treating suicide risk among older adults.
we considered two groups of home care recipients : elderly individuals and intellectually disabled individuals.
physical disability and cognitive impairment are routinely registered for long-term care users through a standardised instrument that is used in all norwegian municipalities.
factor analysis was used to aggregate the individual items into composite variables that were included as need variables.
both physical disability and cognitive impairment were strong predictors of the amount of received care for both elderly and intellectually disabled individuals.
furthermore , we found a negative interaction effect between physical disability and cognitive impairment for elderly home care users.
the reduction in the amount of care for elderly individuals living with a cohabitant was substantially greater for males than for females.
for intellectually disabled individuals , receiving services involuntarily due to severe behavioural problems was a strong predictor of the amount of care received.
the suppleness of the dermis is affected by the formation of bridges between proteins and sugars ( maillard's reaction ) .
the accumulation of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) in skin plays a very important role in skin ageing.
therefore , natural compounds or extracts that possess antiglycation activities may have great anti-ageing potential.
in the present study , silybum marianum flower extract ( smfe ) was demonstrated to possess antiglycation activity.
we found that smfe inhibits glycation reaction between bsa and glucose.
in addition , antiglycation activity of smfe was confirmed in a human skin explants model.
smfe reduced nε- ( carboxymethyl ) lysine ( cml ) expression , whereas smfe stimulated fibrillin-1 expression compared to treatment with methyglyoxal.
an active ingredient contributing to the observed activities was identified as silibinin.
the antiglycation activity of silibinin was dose-dependent.
sirt1 exerts protective effects against endothelial cells dysfunction , inflammation and atherosclerosis , indicating an important role on myocardial infarction ( mi ) pathogenesis.
nonetheless , the effects of sirt1 variants on mi risk remain poorly understood.
here we aimed to investigate the influence of sirt1 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to mi.
further stratified analysis revealed a more significant association with mi risk among younger subjects ( ≤ @number@ years old ) .
however , we did not detect any association of rs3818292 and rs4746720 with mi risk.
our study provides the first evidence that the tagsnp rs7069102 and haplotype in sirt1 gene confer susceptibility to mi in the chinese han population.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : laboratory.
participants : male cyclists ( n = @number@ ) aged 21-54 years riding more than @number@ hours per week.
z-scores identified lumbar ( l1-l4 ) abmd as osteopenic ( @number@ < z-score < @number@ ) in trained cyclists ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
lumbar scans identified @number@ trained and @number@ recreational cyclists as osteopenic and @number@ trained cyclists as osteoporotic.
conclusions : areal bone mineral density is lower in trained male road cyclists compared with recreational , specifically at the hips.
lumbar abmd is low in both trained and recreational cyclists.
research is needed to determine the chronic effects of cycling on abmd and interventions that improve abmd in this population.
these findings support the view that verbal labeling can influence the regulation of behavior by selectively attracting attention to relevant information in a given task.
neighborhood context may influence health and health disparities.
however , most studies have been constrained by cross-sectional designs that limit causal inference due to failing to establish temporal order of exposure and disease.
after additional control for baseline al , this association was attenuated to marginal significance.
we found no significant association of nses with al.
longitudinal designs are an important tool to understand how neighborhood contexts influence health and health disparities.
however , few have examined the contribution of low-frequency coding variants on a genome-wide level.
objective : to identify low-frequency coding variants that affect susceptibility to ad , ftd , and psp.
an additional multiancestral replication cohort of @number@ patients with ad and @number@ controls without dementia was used to validate suggestive findings.
variant-level association testing and gene-based testing were performed.
main outcomes and measures : statistical association of genetic variants with clinical diagnosis of ad , ftd , and psp.
corroborating evidence from other exome array studies and gene expression data points toward potential involvement of these genes in the pathogenesis of ad.
conclusions and relevance : low-frequency coding variants with intermediate effect size may account for a significant fraction of the genetic susceptibility to ad and ftd.
two-photon polymerization ( 2pp ) is applied for the fabrication of 3-d zr-si scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
it is observed that the @number@ μm pore size zr-si scaffolds support the strongest matrix mineralization , as confirmed by calcium deposition.
presented results support the potential application of zr-si scaffolds for autologous bone tissue engineering.
with aging , women lose both lean mass and height.
because of this , many clinicians question whether bmi is an accurate predictor of obesity in aging women.
our objective is to determine whether bmi continues to correlate with %bf as women age.
methods : study participants were identified using data from five osteoporosis clinical trials , where healthy participants had full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans.
bmi was calculated using the actual height and the tallest height of each study participant. %bf was compared with bmi and stratified for age.
results : bmi calculated using the tallest height and bmi calculated using actual height both had strong correlations with %bf.
conclusions : surprisingly , the effects of changes in height and lean body mass balance each other out in bmi calculation.
there continues to be a strong correlation between bmi and %bf in adult women as they age.
aim of study : working in second half of life is individually and socially important.
sample results can be generalised ( men @percent@ , at least @number@ years old @percent@ , smallest / small enterprises @percent@ ) .
results : life satisfaction is similar to that of the german age cohort population.
in comparison to commercial and technical fields , physic and psychological complaints are lower and work pleasure is much higher.
health indicators are not dependent on enterprise structures , but on age and gender - on age partly non-linearly.
conclusion : our results indicate that working in older age can be a source of subjective health.
process of family business succession may effect health.
results might be applicable to other structurally similar agriculture regions and to craft sector.
they promote individual confrontation with and social debate on a positive image of old age and aging.
objective : to further evaluate the safety and effectiveness of mfu-v for improving lines and wrinkles of the décolleté in a larger patient population.
materials and methods : healthy women with moderate-to-severe décolleté skin lines and wrinkles were enrolled.
additional imaging for masked assessments and live assessments were completed at @number@ and @number@ days.
results : among the evaluable subjects , @number@ ( @percent@ ) demonstrated aesthetic improvement at @number@ days based on blinded assessments.
adverse events were generally mild.
conclusion : a single mfu-v treatment provided significant aesthetic improvement for moderate-to-severe décolleté lines and wrinkles for at least the 180-day duration of the study.
facial pigmented spots are a common skin aging feature , but genetic predisposition has yet to be thoroughly investigated.
finally , we explore how the already stressed aged brain psychologically and physiologically responds to external stressors.
background : impaired blood pressure regulation contributes to the development of diabetic complications.
the influence of systolic ( sbp ) vs.diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) is still controversial.
peripheral pulse pressure ( pp ) , the difference between sbp and dbp , is an indicator for arterial stiffness.
only little data are available for pp in children.
results : pp is increased in @percent@ ( 4th report ) or @percent@ ( kiggs ) of the patients , respectively.
the rate of increased pp remains stable between @number@ and @percent@ , irrespective of sex , age , and the control population.
hba1c is negligible negatively related to increased pp levels ( multiple linear regression ) .
elevated pp in children with t1dm may contribute to the high risk for early development of atherosclerosis.
premature ovarian failure ( pof ) is defined as lost ovarian functions before the age of @number@
4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide ( vcd ) was administered to rats for @number@ days to induce pof.
pla2g4a protein expression was examined by western blot , and pge2 , lh , fsh , and e2 serum levels were detected by elisa.
sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength.
this review included @number@ eligible studies.
given the detrimental effect of these metabolic abnormalities , a change in the lifestyle must be the cornerstone in the treatment of sarcopenia.
this was a 5-year follow-up survey of @number@ community-dwelling japanese individuals aged ≥40 years.
the salivary flow rate was evaluated at baseline and follow-up by collecting stimulated saliva.
data on demographic characteristics , use of medication , and general and oral health status were obtained at baseline.
the relationship between reduced salivary flow rate during the follow-up period and its predictors was evaluated after adjustment for confounding factors.
in a multivariate linear regression model , age and plaque score remained independently associated with the increased rate of reduced salivary flow.
these results suggest that aging and plaque score are important predictors of reduced salivary flow rate in japanese adults.
here , key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting enps are reviewed.
to date , few studies have tried to establish what changes the enps undergo when they are incorporated into , and released from , products.
most cvds increased the risk of death for stages i-iiib patients , but did not significantly impact survival of stage iv patients.
the presence of hyperlipidemia at baseline ( hr down to @number@ p < 0.05 ) was associated with better prognosis.
conclusion : cvds impact the survival of nsclc patients , particularly when multiple co-existing cvds are present ; the impacts vary by stage and treatment.
this data should be considered in improving cancer treatment selection process for such potentially challenging patients as the elderly nsclc patients with cvd comorbidities.
there is a high demand for facial aesthetic enhancement , and the periorbital region is one of the first areas to show signs of aging.
many nonsurgical therapies exist to tackle these problems.
these therapies are becoming more efficacious while reducing postprocedural recovery time.
the goal is to restore the natural youthful appearance rather than to create an effect that differs from the patient's appearance earlier in life.
eyelid care , and cosmetic dermatology in general , intends to restore balance and symmetry.
we discuss the initial consultation , relevant anatomy for the dermatologist , and medical , laser and cosmetic therapies.
binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between experiences of violence and gender , socioeconomic conditions , and social relations.
conclusions : gender and social relations are important determinants of experiencing violence in older adults.
the findings of this study demonstrate the importance of a gender-based approach to the study of dv in older adults.
objectives : functional neuroimaging and voxel-based morphometry studies have confirmed the important role of the cerebellum in motor behavior.
this study aims to quantify the relationship between cerebellar tissue volume and manual motor performance.
left and right cerebellar gmv and wmv , and m1v were obtained using freesurfer.
the following motor measures were obtained : grip force , tapping speed , bimanual visuomotor coordination , and manual dexterity.
conclusions : our results show that cerebellar gmv and wmv are differently associated with manual motor performance.
these associations partly overlap with the brain-behavior associations between m1 and manual motor performance.
the current study provides new insights in the role of the cerebellum in manual motor performance.
in consideration of the small effect sizes replication studies are needed to validate these results.
age is a major risk factor in age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) , but the underlying cause is unknown.
we find increased rho-associated kinase ( rock ) signaling and m2 characteristics in eyes of aged mice , revealing immune changes in aging.
rock isoforms determine macrophage polarization into m1 and m2 subtypes.
m2-like macrophages accumulated in amd , but not in normal eyes , suggesting that these macrophages may be linked to macular degeneration.
selective rock2 inhibition with a small molecule decreased m2-like macrophages and choroidal neovascularization.
rock2 inhibition upregulated m1 markers without affecting macrophage recruitment , underlining the plasticity of these macrophages.
these results reveal age-induced innate immune imbalance as underlying amd pathogenesis.
targeting macrophage plasticity opens up new possibilities for more effective amd treatment.
pediatric epstein-barr virus ( ebv ) -positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma ( ebv + dlbcl ) is a rare disease in nonimmunocompromised hosts.
six children presented with nodal disease , and @number@ presented with extranodal localization ( bone ) .
in all cases , the disease was at an advanced clinical stage ( iii / iv ) .
evidence of immunodeficiency ( evans syndrome and selective iga deficiency ) was observed in a single case.
chromosomal translocations involving bcl2 , myc , and igh genes were not observed.
igh monoclonality could be demonstrated in @number@ of @number@ investigated cases.
six cases of ebv-negative dlbcl ( @percent@ of nhl ) were present in the same series.
all had monomorphic histology with centroblastic / immunoblastic morphology ; @number@ cases were of gc type and @number@ of non-gc type.
our findings indicate that in iraq , dlbcls are @percent@ of nhls.
healthy aging is associated with a progressive decline across a range of cognitive functions.
an important factor underlying this decline may be the age-related impairment in stimulus-reward processing.
several studies have investigated age-related effects , but compared young versus old subjects.
we scanned @number@ healthy adults aged 40-70 years , using functional mri.
we adopted a simple reward task , which allowed separate evaluation of neural responses to reward anticipation and receipt.
the effect of reward on performance accuracy and speed was not related to age , indicating that all subjects could perform the task correctly.
we identified a whole-brain significant age-related decline of ventral striatum activation during reward anticipation as compared to neutral anticipation.
importantly , the specificity of this finding was underscored by the observation that there was no general decline in activation during anticipation.
activation in the ventral striatum increased with age during reward receipt as compared to receiving neutral outcome.
finally , activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during outcome was not affected by age.
our data demonstrate that the typical shift in striatal activation from reward receipt to reward anticipation in young adults disappears with healthy aging.
speed related profiles of peak hcfs and ground reaction forces ( grfs ) reveal a different progression of the two peaks during walking.
during running , peak hcf can be best predicted by hip adduction moment.
in this study , we have demonstrated the role of h. pylori in the activation of egfr via tak1-mediated phosphorylation of p38.
materials and methods : gastric epithelial ags or mkn-45 cells were co-cultured with wild-type or caga ( - ) h. pylori strains.
fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed to detect the internalization of egfr.
rnai experiments using sirna against tak1 and p38 pathways blocked the phosphorylation of serine residue.
immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that egfr was internalized in h. pylori-infected cells after egfr phosphorylation in a p38-dependent manner.
in contrast , pretreatment with gefitinib and anti-hb-egf antibody did not block both the phosphorylation and internalization of egfr.
conclusion : helicobacter pylori induces internalization of egfr via novel tak1-p38-serine activation pathway which is independent of hb-egf.
the interaction between tak1 and egfr in h. pylori-infected cells might open new dimensions in understanding h. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
there is much ambiguity regarding the term \ "nursing home \ " in the international literature.
the definition of a nursing home and the type of assistance provided in a nursing home is quite varied by country.
this study was designed to elucidate the roles using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with oral candidiasis.
subjects and methods : subjects tested were healthy volunteers and patients who visited dental clinical division of hokkaido university hospital.
functions of toll-like receptors @number@ and @number@ and the natural killer activity were significantly downregulated in patients with oral candidiasis compared with healthy volunteers.
a semiquantitative approach was used to score the staining extent of tissue slide.
expressions of muc2 and muc6 did not change significantly by h. pylori status.
some nuclear expressions of muc2 and muc6 were noted in children without intestinal metaplasia.
conclusions : muc5ac might be affected by chronic h. pylori infection.
objective : to evaluate whether age-related changes in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ( vemps ) differ by demographic and cardiovascular risk groups.
methods : participants in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging underwent cervical and ocular vemp testing.
vemp latency , amplitude , asymmetry ratios , and prevalence of absent responses were compared across demographic and cardiovascular risk groups.
black participants had better ovemp function ( shorter latency , increased amplitude , and decreased odds of absent responses ) relative to white participants.
the odds of absent responses were significantly higher in individuals age ⩾80 for ovemps , and age ⩾70 for cvemps.
cardiovascular risk factors had no association with vemp parameters.
conclusions : we confirmed age-related declines in otolith function , and observed a protective effect of black race on ovemp latency and amplitude.
significance : these results illustrate how measures of otolith function change with age in community-dwelling adults.
further investigations are needed to ascertain whether better otolith function in blacks might contribute to a lower risk of mobility disability and falls.
up to the present , most research and development in this area has been done in the laboratory with young healthy control subjects.
methods : sixteen eeg channels were recorded while people with als or healthy age-matched volunteers ( hvs ) used a p300-based bci.
each subject attended to a target item as the items in a 6×6 visual matrix flashed.
results : bci accuracy and communication rate did not differ significantly between als users and hvs.
the development of bcis for use by this population may begin with studies in hvs but also needs to include studies in people with als.
significance : p300-based bci performance in people severely disabled by als is similar to that of age-matched control subjects.
at the same time , their erp components differ to some degree from those of controls.
attention to these differences could contribute to the development of bcis useful to those with als and possibly to others with severe neuromuscular disabilities.
this study undertakes a survival analysis of elderly persons in china using chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey 2002-2008.
employing discrete-time multilevel models , we explored the effect of social support on the survival of elderly people in china.
specifically , living with a spouse , financial independence , perceiving care support from any resource is associated with higher survival rates for elderly people.
separate analysis focusing on urban elderly and rural elderly revealed broadly similar results.
those who cannot pay medical expenses are the least likely to survive.
mitochondria govern many metabolic processes.
in addition , mitochondria sense the status of metabolism and change their functions to regulate energy production , cell death , and thermogenesis.
recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial structural remodeling through division and fusion is critical to the organelle's function.
it has also become clear that abnormalities in mitochondrial division and fusion are linked to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
here , we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and their role in cellular and organismal metabolism.
in the united states alone , chronic wounds affect @number@ million patients.
thus , herbal therapy may be an alternative strategy for treatment of wounds.
education and cognitive leisure activities are major predictors featured in dementia studies.
however , the definition of cognitive leisure activities often has been inconsistent and diverse.
this study explored different domains of these activities and their moderating roles on the relationship between education and cognition.
method : a sample of @number@ participants aged @number@ or older was drawn from the national aging , demographics , and memory study.
exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess two domains from cognitive leisure activities : literacy and visuospatial activities.
multinomial logistic regression tested the main and moderating roles of each domain on cognition categorized as no impairment , cind , and dementia.
results : individuals with greater engagement in both literacy and visuospatial activities were more likely to have no cognitive impairment than cind.
individuals with greater engagement in literacy activities were less likely to have dementia compared to cind.
literacy activities and education years had a significant interaction effect.
individuals with higher education seem to benefit more by engaging in literacy activities , as evidenced by decreased odds of having dementia.
objective : worry is a hallmark feature of generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) .
however , age-related changes in symptom presentation raise questions about the clinical significance of these symptom clusters in later life.
the aim of this study was to explore the relative contribution of worry and physical symptom frequency to clinical significance associated with late-life gad.
results : consistent with previous findings , we observed reductions in worry frequency and increases in physical symptom frequency with increasing age of participants.
physical symptoms , but not worry symptoms , distinguished older adults with clinical and sub-threshold gad.
whereas physical symptom count was associated with distress , occupational , and functional disability , worry count was only associated with distress.
conclusions : among self-reported worriers , worry frequency provides limited clinical utility over and above physical symptom frequency.
these findings suggest that physical symptom frequency may become an increasingly important feature of gad in later life.
background : improving quality of care for people with dementia is a high priority.
considerable resources have been invested in financial incentives , guideline development , public awareness and educational programmes to promote earlier diagnosis and better management.
method : analysis of medical records of @number@ people with dementia recruited by @number@ family practices in nw london and surrounding counties.
results : practices invited @number@ people with dementia to participate , @number@ ( @percent@ ) agreed.
complete records were available for @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
the majority of records included reference to recommended blood tests , informant history and caregiver concerns.
documentation of discussions about signs and symptoms of dementia , treatment options , care , support , financial , legal and advocacy advice were uncommon.
there was no difference in documenting cognitive function tests.
immediate referral to specialists was more common in the recent study.
however , records did not suggest systematic dementia management.
inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein ( rb ) has a major role in the development of human malignancies.
mdmx , a homolog of mdm2 , also binds to and inhibits p53 transactivation activity , yet it does not possess intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity.
here , we show that mdmx binds to and promotes rb degradation in an mdm2-dependent manner.
specifically , the mdmx c-terminal ring domain binds to the rb c-pocket and enhances mdm2-rb interaction.
silencing mdmx induces rb accumulation , cell cycle arrest and senescence-like phenotypes , which are reverted by simultaneous rb knockdown.
furthermore , mdmx ablation leads to significant retardation of xenograft tumor growth , concomitant with rb accumulation.
these results demonstrate that mdmx exerts oncogenic activity via suppression of rb , and suggest that both mdm2 and mdmx could be chemotherapeutic targets.
we evaluated ltfu after the 22nd birthday for hiv-infected youth engaged in care.
ltfu was defined as having no primary hiv visits in the year after the 22nd birthday.
methods : all hiv-infected 21-year-olds engaged in care ( 2002-2011 ) at the hiv research network clinics were included.
we assessed the proportion ltfu and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics associated with ltfu after the 22nd birthday.
we compared ltfu at other age transitions during the adolescent / young adult years.
results : six hundred forty-seven 21-year-olds were engaged in care ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) were ltfu in the year after turning @number@ years.
ltfu was prevalent at each age transition , with factors associated with ltfu similar to that identified for 21-year-olds.
methods : we calculated the predictors of incidence of csds over @number@ years of follow-up by the cox proportional regression analysis.
depressive symptoms were evaluated by ghq-12 and scores of five or higher indicated csds.
results : the annualized incidence rate of clinically significant depressive symptoms was @number@ per @number@ person-year.
these findings provide a framework for the development of interventions to prevent the emergence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in the elderly.
background : studies investigating the association between hypercholesterolemia in the elderly and cognitive decline report discrepant outcomes.
we determined in a prospective population-based cohort ( nedices ) in elders whether hypercholesterolemia was associated with slower cognitive decline.
methods : participants were evaluated at baseline and @number@ years later.
baseline demographic variables were recorded.
hypercholesterolemia was defined by total cholesterol of > 200mg / dl or current use of lipid-lowering drugs.
at baseline and at follow-up , a 37-item version of the mini-mental state examination ( 37-mmse ) was administered.
the mean follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ years.
in analyses adjusted for baseline age and other potential confounders , this difference remained robust.
we also assessed the cognitive decline per unit time ( i.e. , the rate of cognitive decline ) .
conclusions : in this prospective population-based cohort study , cognitive test scores among hypercholesterolemic elders declined more slowly than observed in their non-hypercholesterolemic counterparts.
additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
objectives : traumatized parents may transmit anxieties of physical deterioration and demise to their offspring.
these anxieties can amplify negative perceptions of the aging process when the offspring enter old age.
results : latent profile analysis identified two profiles of parental holocaust-related communication : intrusive and informative.
offspring who reported intrusive parental communication about the holocaust perceived themselves as aging less successfully and were more anxious of aging and death than comparisons.
offspring who reported informative parental communication and comparisons did not differ in perceptions of aging.
conclusion : these findings allude to the possibility that secondary traumatization mold negative perceptions of the aging process among middle-aged offspring of traumatized parents.
although previous studies showed that testosterone deficiency is positively correlated with cognitive impairment and insulin-resistant obesity , several studies demonstrated contradictory findings.
controversial reports and the mechanistic insights regarding the roles of testosterone in insulin-resistant obesity and cognitive function are also presented and discussed.
the development of colonic diverticulosis is a common aging change in industrialized nations.
while most patients have asymptomatic diverticulosis , around one in five develops symptomatic diverticular disease.
this is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habit.
what determines the transition from asymptomatic diverticulosis to symptomatic diverticular disease is unclear but neuromuscular changes following acute diverticulitis may be responsible in some cases.
the severity of symptoms generated depends on cerebral pain processing which is influenced by psychosocial factors.
these are important considerations in deciding optimal patient management.
prior theories of the cause of diverticulosis suggested that constipation was an important cause , but new data challenge this and has provoked new ideas.
underlying mechanisms causing diverticulosis include weakening of the colonic wall and / or degenerative changes in the enteric nerves.
dietary induced changes in microbiota and the host inflammatory response may underlie the subsequent development of acute / chronic diverticulitis and its sequela.
identifying groups at risk for aging sexual stigma will help to focus interventions to reduce it.
an aging sexual stigma index was formulated from the attitudinal items of the aging sexual knowledge and attitudes scale.
results : this sample reported moderately permissive attitudes toward aging sexuality , indicating a low level of aging sexual stigma.
however , in order to more comprehensively assess aging sexual stigma , future research may benefit from measuring explicit and implicit aging sexual stigma beliefs.
there was no evidence of lagged / longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in older adults in treatment for mdd.
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most common urological diseases in aging men.
because of its long latency , bph is a good target for prevention.
the aim of the study has been to review the various options of treatment , currently available , in the field of phytotherapy.
watchful waiting , pharmacological therapy , and surgery are also helpful , depending on the severity of the disease.
objective : this study investigated the relationship between family caregivers ' mental health and postoperative recovery for elderly patients with hip fracture in taiwan.
methods : this study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up on @number@ family caregiver-patient dyads.
categories of caregiver mental-health trajectory groups were identified by latent-class finite-mixture modeling.
results : the patterns of family caregivers ' mental health best fit a three-group trajectory model ( poor , moderate , and good ) .
these patients were also less likely to be hospitalized , experienced less pain , and had better physical and mental health.
patients with caregivers in the \ "moderate \ " group likewise performed better than those in the \ "poor \ " group.
conclusion : during the first year following discharge , postoperative recovery of patients after hip fracture was associated with their family caregivers ' mental health.
when a family caregiver's mental health was \ "poor , \ " the patient recovering after hip-fracture surgery was more likely to recover poorly.
( r , r' ) [ ( r , r' ) -mnf ] is a highly-selective β2 adrenergic receptor ( β2-ar ) agonist.
activity of ( r , r' ) -mnf positively correlated with the β2-ar expression levels across tested cell lines.
( r , r' ) -mnf caused significant inhibition of cell growth in β2-ar-expressing cells as monitored by radiolabeled thymidine incorporation and xcelligence system.
protein synthesis was inhibited concomitantly both with increased eef2 phosphorylation and lower expression of tumor cell regulators , egf receptors , cyclin a and mmp-9.
age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle function leads to several inherited and acquired muscular disorders in elderly individuals.
the levels of micrornas ( mirnas ) could be altered during muscle maintenance and repair.
we therefore performed a comprehensive investigation for mirnas from five different periods of bovine skeletal muscle development using next-generation small rna sequencing.
in total , @number@ mirnas , including one putatively novel mirna , were identified.
thirty-six mirnas were differentially expressed between prenatal and postnatal stages of muscle development including several myomirs ( mir-1 , mir-206 and let-7 families ) .
compared with mirna expression between different muscle tissues , @number@ mirnas were up-regulated and @number@ mirnas were down-regulated in the muscle of postnatal stage.
in addition , a novel mirna was predicted and submitted to the mirbase database as bta-mir-10020.
a dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate that bta-mir-10020 directly targeted the @number@'-utr of the bovine angpt1 gene.
the overexpression of bta-mir-10020 significantly decreased the dsred fluorescence in the wild-type expression cassette compared to the mutant type.
using three computational approaches - miranda , pita and rnahybrid - these differentially expressed mirnas were also predicted to target @number@ bovine genes.
disease and biological function analyses and the kegg pathway analysis revealed that these targets were statistically enriched in functionality for muscle growth and disease.
early uptake of [ ( @number@ ) c ] -pittsburgh compound b ( epib , 0-6 minutes ) estimates cerebral blood flow.
we observed no difference in epib between pib-positive and -negative subjects and carriers and noncarriers.
mci had lower epib than hcs ( left pcc , left ifg , and left and right hipp ) .
lowest epib values were found in mci of @number@ years and older , who also displayed high cortical pib binding.
methods : this was a nationwide cross-sectional , register-based study across the whole of sweden in @number@
all individuals aged @number@ years and older were included ( n = @number@ @number@ @number@ both community-dwelling and institutionalized persons ) .
the main outcome was the potentially inappropriate drug use according to each set of criteria , separately and combined.
multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify individual factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate drugs.
overall , @percent@ of the older people were exposed to potentially inappropriate drug use by at least one of the five sets of criteria.
cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function , along with cellular and molecular changes.
these degenerative changes are intimately associated with quality control mechanisms.
these mechanisms include autophagy , ubiquitin-mediated turnover , apoptosis , mitochondrial quality control and cardiac matrix homeostasis.
finally , we discuss aging interventions that have been observed to impact cardiac health outcomes.
these include caloric restriction , rapamycin , resveratrol , gdf11 , mitochondrial antioxidants and cardiolipin-targeted therapeutics.
the wheelchair self-efficacy enhanced for use ( wheelseeu ) research program provides peer-led training that may positively influence wheelchair use while reducing clinician burden.
purpose : the purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of wheelseeu.
method : a randomized control trial ( rct ) recruits and randomly assigns @number@ mwc users ( 55 + years ) .
implications : wheelseeu provides an innovative approach for teaching wheelchair skills to an aging population that may improve wheelchair use and decrease clinician burden.
since rcts are expensive and challenging in rehabilitation , establishing feasibility prior to larger effectiveness trials is prudent.
most scientific literature reports that aging favors the development of cancers.
finally , during human senescence , the incidence declines for all cancers.
frequently , the progression of cancers is also slower in aged individuals.
there are several possible explanations for this decline at the tissue , cell , and molecular levels , which are described here in.
these questions need to be addressed before the origin of cancers can be understood.
as a consequence , pathological changes resulting in vascular injury ( e. g. atherosclerosis , age-related macular degeneration ) may be evolved.
all these facts indicate that age-related macular degeneration may be a vascular disease ( or part of a systemic vasculopathy ) .
objective : to examine the influences of sex , height , and age on spatiotemporal metrics during non-pathological gait over the course of adult aging.
future studies should examine these trends across the entire lifespan.
some studies have shown that one of the mechanisms underlying the association is that tbi may contribute to earlier onset of dementia.
the potential role of brain and cognitive reserve in traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is reviewed.
brain reserve capacity ( brc ) refers to preinjury quantitative measures such as brain size that relate to outcome.
cognitive reserve ( cr ) refers to how flexibly and efficiently the individual makes use of available brain resources.
the cr model suggests the brain actively attempts to cope with brain damage by using pre-existing cognitive processing approaches or by enlisting compensatory approaches.
these factors may be particularly relevant to the relationship of developing dementia in the individual who has sustained a tbi earlier in life.
one frequently used repetition priming task is word-stem completion priming.
furthermore , the change in priming across delays they displayed was not related to level of alerting or orienting.
however , impaired priming in patients with ad does not appear to be due to disruption of this neuromodulatory system.
the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of non-canonical egfr pathway in resistance mechanism against cisplatin treatment.
wild type and mutated ( exon @number@ deletion ) egfr-expressing cells responded similarly to cisplatin by showing mapk-mediated egfr phosphorylation.
many people accept the idea that time seems to pass more quickly as they get older , as if this is a psychological reality.
however , systematic investigations of differences in judgments of passage of time between young and elderly people are very rare and contradictory.
our esm study found no difference between the young and the old participants in the judgment of passage of present time.
this article is part of a special issue entitled brain lipids.
methods : one hundred forty cnas completed semistructured , in-person interviews concerning their experiences regarding resident death.
cnas who endorsed an eol care preference of wanting all possible treatments regardless of chances for recovery were likely to report lesser emotional preparedness.
more senior cnas , both in regard to age and tenure , reported greater preparedness levels.
aging is characterized by a profound remodeling of the epigenetic architecture in terms of dna methylation patterns.
to date the most effective tool to study genome wide dna methylation changes is infinium humanmethylation450 beadchip ( infinium 450k ) .
despite the wealth of tools for infinium 450k analysis , the identification of the most biologically relevant dna methylation changes is still challenging.
we successfully applied this analytical pipeline on @number@ independent infinium 450k datasets that investigated age-associated changes in blood dna methylation.
this family-based model allowed us to monitor possible confounding effects on dna methylation patterns deriving from genetic and environmental factors.
although differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) displayed a genome-wide distribution , they were enriched on chromosome @number@
moreover , genes involved in the regulation of chromatin structure ( prmd8 , kdm2b , tet1 ) showed altered methylation.
the data also showed that several pathways are affected in ds , including pi3k-akt signaling.
in conclusion , we identified an epigenetic signature of ds that sustains a link between developmental defects and disease phenotype , including segmental premature aging.
objective : adventitial collagen structure provides the aorta with tensile strength.
like other collagen-rich tissues , it can be affected by internal factors including aging and location.
we determined whether the structural characteristics of human aortic adventitial collagen change with aging , location , and aneurysm formation.
we then analyzed retardation as an anisotropic property of adventitial collagen by polarized light microscopy.
collagen fibers were thicker but sparser in the adventitia of aortas with aaa.
in addition , retardation was significantly reduced in abdominal aortas with aaa at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery.
conclusions : the basic structure of adventitial collagen fiber was maintained in abdominal aortas regardless of location or age.
cortical bone porosity is a major determinant of strength , stiffness , and fracture toughness of cortical tissue.
the goal of this work was to investigate changes in spatial distribution and microstructure of cortical porosity associated with aging in men and women.
females displayed greater age-related changes in porosity and pore number than males.
females and males displayed comparable small to non-significant changes with age in pore size.
intracortical pore distribution analysis may ultimately provide insight into both mechanisms of pore network expansion and biomechanical consequences of pore distribution.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : community.
interventions : the 6-month intervention , the home-based post-hip fracture rehabilitation , is a functionally oriented , home-based exercise program.
data were collected at baseline , postintervention ( 6mo ) , and follow-up ( 9mo ) .
main outcome measures : activity measure for post-acute care.
conclusions : self-efficacy may play a partial mediating role in the effect on some longer-term functional outcomes in the home-based post-hip fracture rehabilitation intervention.
the results suggest that program components that target self-efficacy should be incorporated in future hip fracture rehabilitation interventions.
age and sex of the targeted participants may also need to be considered when developing interventions.
osteoarthritis is a syndrome affecting a variety of patient profiles.
there are a number of profile candidates.
other biomechanical factors may also define profiles , such as joint malalignment , loss of meniscal function , and ligament injury.
early- and late-stage osteoarthritis appear as separate profiles , notably in terms of treatment response.
decisions on appropriate therapy should be made considering clinical presentation , underlying pathophysiology , and stage of disease.
identification of patient profiles may lead to more personalized healthcare , with more targeted treatment for osteoarthritis.
unlabelled : in aging , the bone marrow fills with fat and this may lead to higher fracture risk.
ckd patients have significantly higher bone marrow fat than healthy adults.
introduction : renal osteodystrophy leads to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with ckd.
mrs showed good reproducibility at all sites in subjects with ckd and controls , with a coefficient of reproducibilities ranging from @number@ to @number@ %.
conclusions : mrs is a useful and reproducible technique to study bone marrow fat in ckd.
patients with ckd have significantly higher bone marrow fat than healthy adults ; the relationship with bone changes requires further analyses.
participants completed four 6-min bouts of constant-load cycling at @percent@ ventilatory threshold for the determination of v̇o2 kinetics.
cardiac output ( inert-gas rebreathing ) was recorded at rest and @number@ and @number@ s during two additional bouts.
studies in simple model organisms demonstrate that pharmacological substances , genetic interventions and dietary restriction can slow down the process of aging.
this permanent growth arrest is called cellular senescence.
recent studies have demonstrated that senescent cells also accumulate in many tissues in vivo and contribute to age-related pathologies.
5-α reductase type @number@ ( srd5a2 ) is a critical enzyme for prostatic development and growth.
inhibition of srd5a2 by finasteride is used commonly for the management of urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia.
contrary to common belief , we have found that expression of srd5a2 is variable and absent in one third of benign adult prostates.
furthermore , we show that increasing age in mice and humans is associated with increased methylation of the srd5a2 promoter and concomitantly decreased protein expression.
therefore , expression of srd5a2 is not static and ubiquitous in benign adult prostate tissues.
methylation and expression of srd5a2 may be used as a gene signature to tailor therapies for more effective treatment of prostatic diseases.
despite extensive literature on falls among seniors , little is known about gender-specific risk factors.
logistic regression models were applied to investigate gender-specific associations between potential risk factors and falls.
higher physical activity levels were protective in both genders , and higher household income was protective in women.
gender should be considered when planning fall prevention strategies.
leydig cell testosterone ( t ) production is reduced with age , resulting in reduced serum t levels ( hypogonadism ) .
hypogonadism is estimated to affect about @number@ million american men , including both aged and young.
exogenous t administration is now used widely to elevate serum t levels in hypogonadal men and thus to treat symptoms of hypogonadism.
however , recent evidence suggests that men who take exogenous t may face increased risk of stroke , heart attack , and prostate tumorigenesis.
this makes exogenous t administration inappropriate for men who wish to father children.
dxa was used to estimate abdominal fat mass ( afm ) by placing the region of interest over the l1-l4 region of the spine.
outcomes were assessed by ancova , with bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons.
baseline afm values were used as the covariate.
these data suggested that hmb in combination with @number@ weeks of rt decreased afm in elderly men.
trends in lifetime smoking prevalence correlated negatively with both rectangularization and longevity extension , but more negatively with rectangularization.
for nonsmoking-related mortality , rectangularization among men did not accelerate around @number@
among women , the differences between all-cause mortality and nonsmoking-related mortality were small , but larger for rectangularization than for longevity extension.
rectangularization contributed less to the increase in life expectancy than longevity extension , especially for nonsmoking-related mortality among men.
conclusions : smoking affects rectangularization more than longevity extension , both among men and women.
the immune systems of men and women differ in significant ways , especially after puberty.
in particular , females are generally more prone to autoimmunity , but experience lower rates of infections and chronic inflammatory disease.
sex hormones , genes encoded on the sex chromosomes , and gender-specific behaviors likely contribute to these differences.
moreover , after the age of menopause , the incidence of chronic inflammatory disease in women approaches or exceeds that observed in males.
at the same time , the incidence of autoimmunity in post-menopausal women is decreased or equivalent to the rates observed in similarly-aged men.
additional studies addressing the influence of sex on the pathogenesis of chronic and autoimmune diseases in the aged are warranted.
micrornas are non-coding rnas with roles in many cellular processes.
tissue-specific mirna profiles associated with senescence have been described for several cell and tissue types.
micrornas were profiled in early and late passage primary lung and skin fibroblasts to identify commonly-deregulated mirnas.
57 / 178 and 26 / 492 micrornas were altered in late passage skin and lung cells respectively.
three mirnas ( mir-92a , mir-15b and mir-125a-3p ) were altered in both tissues.
zmpste24 and lhfpl2 demonstrated altered expression in late passage skin cells only ( p = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
lhfpl2 was also positively correlated with age in peripheral blood ( p value = @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
we find that the majority of senescence-associated mirnas demonstrate tissue-specific effects.
however , mirnas showing common effects across tissue types may represent those associated with core , rather than tissue-specific senescence processes.
cognitive complaints are common in the geriatric population.
several screening instruments are available to document objective impairments and guide further evaluation.
management goals for patients with cognitive impairment are focused on maintaining function and independence , providing caregiver support , and advance care planning.
there are currently no treatments to effectively prevent or treat dementia.
increasing appreciation of the heterogeneity of alzheimer disease may lead to novel treatment approaches.
geriatric assessment is an increasingly important area of outpatient medicine , given the unprecedented aging of the us population.
innovative models of care are emerging to improve quality of care and enhance cost savings for the geriatric patient.
methods : patients were included at diagnosis with mmse score between @number@ and @number@ and were naive of symptomatic treatment for ad.
c-reactive protein > 10 mg / l and any acute or chronic inflammation were considered as exclusion criteria.
cognitive assessment also included the adascog scale.
a subgroup of patients also underwent measures of these parameters in extracellular and intracellular compartments of pbmcs ( ancillary study ) .
results : one hundred and nine patients were included ; mean age @number@ ± @number@ years with @number@ patients in the ancillary study.
the mean values of il-1β , tnf-α , il-6 and ccl5 values were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ pg / ml , respectively.
no correlation between plasma cytokines or chemokine levels and cognitive scores was found.
in pbmcs , the levels of cytokines were detectable but did not either show any correlation with cognitive scores.
conclusion : our data indicate that at diagnosis , peripheral levels of cytokines and ccl5 display low values without any correlation with the cognitive status.
further results of our study will show if these circulating markers are related to the progression of ad.
gait disturbances in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) may lead to disability and falls.
rhythm is a temporal gait aspect that includes cadence and reflects how quickly steps are taken.
a lower forced expiratory volume in @number@ s was associated with worse rhythm and pace , including lower cadence and gait velocity , respectively.
importantly , fallers with copd had significantly worse rhythm than nonfallers with copd.
this study demonstrates that persons with copd exhibit worse rhythm , especially fallers with copd.
the degree of rhythm deterioration was associated with the degree of airflow limitation , symptoms and frequency of exacerbations.
purpose : the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between bmi and pa with hrql in younger and older canadian adults.
interactions between pa and age on the bmi and hrql relationship were assessed using general linear models and logistic regression.
older inactive underweight , normal weight , and overweight adults have lower odds of high hrql.
conclusion : pa was associated with higher hrql in younger adults.
in older adults , bmi and pa influenced hrql.
the literature has demonstrated that the continuity of diabetes care can lower medical service utilization and expenses.
this is a retrospective data collection with follow-up analysis and a nationwide population-based dataset in taiwan.
a total of @number@ newly diagnosed type @number@ diabetes mellitus patients during the period from @number@ to @number@ were followed up until @number@
the occurrence of diabetes-related complications and all-cause mortality were the primary outcomes of this study.
chi-square tests , anovas , and cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine the relationships between the predictors and medical outcomes.
the monotonic trend was sustained across different strata of age , gender , and disease complexity.
lower systemic blood flow may have implications for dementia among older adults.
over the median @number@.7-year follow-up period , @number@ participants developed dementia , including @number@ cases of ad.
conclusion : lower cardiac index is associated with an increased risk for the development of dementia and ad.
objectives : to present statewide representative findings on the prevalence of physical inactivity among older community residents , its correlates and associated health service use.
methods : a representative non-institutionalized random sample of @number@ individuals in rio grande do sul , brazil , aged ≥60 years , was interviewed face-to-face.
information was obtained on demographic characteristics , social resources , health conditions and behaviors , health service use , and physical inactivity.
controlled logistic regression was used to determine the association of physical inactivity with these characteristics.
results : overall , @percent@ reported no regular physical activity.
conclusions : physical inactivity is highly prevalent , particularly among afro -brazilians.
self-care may be neglected , resulting in hospitalization.
postoperative atrial fibrillation ( poaf ) , a common complication of cardiac surgery , contributes significantly to morbidity , mortality , and increasing healthcare costs.
thus , in a majority of patients , poaf becomes a manifestation of an underlying arrhythmogenic substrate that is unmasked after acute surgical stress.
little is known about the effectiveness of self-determination theory ( sdt ) , a representative motivational theory , on exercise domain in older adults.
exercise attendance rate was high ( @percent@ ) .
factors affecting exercise adherence were related to the sdt-based motivational strategies.
aromatase inhibitors are widely used in breast cancer and other endocrine conditions.
pet data were acquired over a 90-min period.
each subject had @number@ scans , @number@ per day separated by 2-6 wk , including brain and torso or pelvis scans.
young women were scanned at @number@ discrete phases of the menstrual cycle ( midcycle and late luteal ) .
men and postmenopausal women were also scanned after pretreatment with a clinical dose of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole.
organ and whole-body radiation exposures were calculated using olinda software.
results : liver uptake was higher than uptake in any other organ but was not blocked by pretreatment with letrozole.
mean suvs were higher in men than in women , and brain uptake was blocked by letrozole.
mean ovarian suvs ( @number@ ± @number@ ) were comparable to brain levels and higher than in any other organ.
conclusion : pet with ( @number@ ) c-vorozole is useful for assessing physiologic changes in estrogen synthesis capacity in the human body.
the medial temporal lobe is implicated as a key brain region involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and consequent memory loss.
we used task-free fmri with a focus on the medical temporal lobe , together with aβ pet imaging , in cognitively normal elderly human participants.
there was no concurrent association of cortical aβ load with cognitive performance or brain atrophy.
these findings suggest that dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe may represent a very early sign of preclinical ad and may predict future memory loss.
this study examined the prevalence , types , and perceived impact of intergenerational programs in schools.
programs involving senior volunteers assisting children , or children participating in activities with older people were considered.
of the schools reached , @percent@ reported intergenerational programming.
thirty-three schools in the tel-aviv region participated in the study.
data were collected from @number@ seniors , @number@ teachers , and @number@ coordinators.
assessments included program characteristics , program preparation , and perceived benefits and difficulties.
both programs were reported to have beneficial effects for seniors and to benefit children in the academic , social , and emotional domains.
however , programs appeared to attract different types of volunteers and different degrees of volunteer commitment.
our analysis offers lessons to other states shifting to mmltc.
approximately @percent@ of the participants were computer-users , and they had significantly lower levels of computer anxiety than non-users.
in addition , positive attitudes toward aging were found to reduce computer anxiety.
findings provide implications for developing computer training and education programs for the target population.
objective : it is unclear how brain growth with age affects electrode position in relation to target for children undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery.
we aimed to model projected change in the distance between the entry point of the electrode into the brain and target during growth to adulthood.
methods : modeling was performed using a neurodevelopmental magnetic resonance imaging database of age-specific templates in 6-month increments from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
euclidean geometry was used to calculate the distance between projected electrode entry and target with increasing age.
results : a projected increase in distance between entry point and target of 5-10 mm was found from age @number@ to @number@ years.
most change appeared to occur before @number@ years of age , after which minimal change in distance was found.
conclusions : electrodes inserted during deep brain stimulation surgery are tethered at the point of entry to the skull.
reengineering of electrode design could avoid reimplantation surgery in young children undergoing deep brain stimulation.
normal aging is associated with deficits in episodic memory processes.
however , the effects of aging on memory reconsolidation and its neural substrate remain largely unknown , and an animal model is lacking.
on day @number@ subjects were instructed ( humans ) or cued ( rats ) to recall set @number@
in both species , older subjects displayed a different pattern of results than young subjects.
in aged rats , there was no difference between conditions in the level of falsely recalled set @number@ items ( intrusions ) .
older humans in the no reminder condition made significantly more intrusions than those in the reminder condition.
follow-up control experiments in aged rats suggested that intrusions in older animals reflected general interference , independent of context manipulations.
we conclude that contextual reminders are not sufficient to trigger memory updating in aged rats or aged humans , unlike in younger individuals.
future studies using this animal model should further our understanding of the role of the hippocampus in memory maintenance and updating during normal aging.
background : the evidence suggesting that gait speed may represent a sensitive marker for cognitive decline in the elderly requires support from diverse racial groups.
objective : we investigated the relationship between gait speed and cognitive decline over @number@ years in a community dwelling sample of elderly africans.
gait speed was measured as the time taken to complete a @number@ or 4m distance at normal walking speed.
changes in tissue composition and cellular architecture have been associated with neurological disease , and these in turn can affect biomechanical properties.
natural biological factors such as aging and an individual's sex also affect underlying tissue biomechanics in different brain regions.
understanding the normal changes is necessary before determining the efficacy of stiffness imaging for neurological disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
the model predicted female occipital and temporal lobes to be @number@ kpa and @number@ kpa stiffer than males of the same age , respectively.
this study confirms that as the brain ages , there is softening ; however , the changes are dependent on region.
in addition , stiffness effects due to sex exist in the occipital and temporal lobes.
this review examines the redox-regulated mechanisms by which cells maintain a functional proteome during oxidative stress.
new members of this group include the cytosolic atpase get3 in yeast , the escherichia coli protein rida , and the mammalian protein α2-macroglobulin.
background : upon encountering older adults , individuals display varying degrees of prosocial attitudes and behaviors.
while some display compassion and empathy , others draw away and wish to maintain their distance from them.
we predicted that ageist attitudes would interfere with the ability to respond to them with compassion.
participants subsequently filled out scales assessing aging anxieties , and ageist and compassionate attitudes.
results : ageism was associated with reduced compassion toward the figures.
moreover , viewing incapacitated older adults led to increased concern toward them and perceived efficacy in helping them.
the effects of age and hearing loss on recognition of unaccented and accented words of varying syllable length were investigated.
lists of these words were presented in isolation and in sentence contexts to younger and older normal-hearing listeners and to older hearing-impaired listeners.
the general pattern of results suggests that hearing loss , age , and cognitive factors limit the ability to recognize spanish-accented speech.
age and hearing loss interacted with rate with smallest group differences observed at the lowest and highest interruption rates of @number@ and @number@ hz.
furthermore , intelligibility of dual-rate gated sentences was higher than single-rate gated sentences with the same proportion of retained speech.
with the rise of aging populations , new challenges for health care systems are emerging.
degenerative conditions of the central nervous system share a strikingly great deal of similarities , particularly the production and buildup of malfolded proteins.
as a result , stress pathways within the endoplasmic reticulum become activated , triggering widespread neuronal apoptosis.
new pharmacological compounds targeting this response are emerging as promising treatment strategies.
this review examines the current evidence for protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease states and discusses future mechanisms of therapeutically targeting the endoplasmic reticulum.
the myocardial hypoenhancement area in the delayed contrast-enhanced effect suggests microvascular obstruction.
the outcomes of patients with a hypoenhancement area detected by mdct have not been clear.
methods and results : in @number@ patients with acute myocardial infarction , mdct was performed immediately after primary pci.
we investigated the outcomes of the patients with hypoenhancement detected by mdct.
myocardial hypoenhancement was observed in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
we assessed the effects of aging in the transfer of motor learning in a sequential manual assembly task that is representative for real working conditions.
most likely , however , the sequence-specific transfer was an epiphenomenon of the comparatively low rate of learning among the middle-aged adults.
together this suggests that in the learning of sequential motor tasks the effects of age are more marked for retroactive transfer than for proactive transfer.
besides vertebrate models , drosophila models have been widely used to understand the complex events leading to ad in relation to aging.
the aim of this review is to describe the recent advances in modeling ad using fly and to emphasize some limits of these models.
in the present report , we extend previous findings in the 5xfad mouse model with regard to a characterization of behavioral deficits and neuropathological alterations.
at postnatal day sixteen , abundant aβpp was detected in subiculum and cortical pyramidal neurons.
from six weeks on , intraneuronal aβ could be detected which was much more abundant in homozygous mice.
the same gene-dosage effect was seen on memory and motor deficits.
therefore the aggravated spatial memory and spatial reference memory deficits of the homozygous mice correlated with the elevated soluble and insoluble aβ levels.
these advantages allow reducing the number of animals for alzheimer's disease research.
participants with gds > 10 were excluded.
general linear regression models evaluated the cross-sectional relations of gds to hv or fdg in separate backward elimination models.
predictors included gds total score , age , gender , premorbid intelligence , a binary amyloid variable and its interaction with gds.
principal component analyses of gds item scores revealed three factors ( the dysphoria , apathy-anhedonia , and anxiety-concentration factors ) .
in secondary analyses , gds total score was replaced with the three factor scores in repeated models.
amyloid was not a significant predictor in any model.
background : etiologic differences in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) subtypes may impact mortality.
objective : to assess the rate of death in mci overall , and by subtype , in the population-based mayo clinic study of aging.
methods : participants aged 70-89 years at enrollment were clinically evaluated at baseline and 15-month intervals to assess diagnoses of mci and dementia.
mortality in mci cases versus cognitively normal ( cn ) individuals was estimated using cox proportional hazards models.
conclusions : these findings suggest stronger impact of etiologic factors on namci mortality.
prevention of heart disease , exercise vigilance , may reduce mci mortality and delayed mci diagnosis in persons with higher education impacts mortality.
similarly , interviews with members of the research team highlighted the dual nature of their positions as researchers and as clinicians.
for both parties , this dual positioning shaped their investment in the project and valuing of its possible outcomes.
in their narratives , all parties shifted between these different relational positions as they managed hopes and expectations for the research project.
confirming the role of oxidants in numerous pathological conditions such as cancer , the antioxidants developed as therapeutics have been proven ineffective.
it is well established that melatonin ( mlt ) and its metabolites are able to function as endogenous free-radical scavengers and broadspectrum antioxidants.
purpose : to assess the changes in intraocular pressure ( iop ) with age in south korea.
methods : subjects aged 20-79 who had been receiving health examinations at a university hospital were enrolled.
they completed physical and ophthalmic examinations.
subjects with ocular disease that could possibly affect their iop were excluded.
results : of the @number@ @number@ subjects , @number@ @number@ participants were enrolled.
in a cross-sectional analysis , iop also showed a negative correlation in all age groups ( respectively , p < 0.001 ) .
in longitudinal analysis , negative trend was shown in the slope of tendency in total subjects.
with regard to systemic parameters , systolic blood pressure and heart rate were positively correlated with iop ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : iop was significantly decreased with age , although the amount of change was small.
in women and older age groups , iop was less decreased than that of men and young age groups.
in addition , iop was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and heart rate.
in controls , aging was associated with a decline of @number@.6%-4.6% per decade in striatal binding.
multiple extrastriatal regions also showed age-related declines.
female subjects had higher caudate nucleus binding compared with males with a similar near-significant difference in the right putamen.
women have higher caudate nucleus dopamine transporter binding compared with men in both normal and degenerated dopamine systems.
apoptosis and autophagy are two evolutionary conserved processes that exert a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
background and aims : there is no conclusive evidence that hospital fall prevention programs can reduce the number of falls.
we aimed to investigate the effect of a targeted individualized falls prevention program in a geriatric rehabilitation hospital.
methods : this was a two-stage cluster-controlled trial carried out in five geriatric rehabilitation wards.
participants were @number@ patients with mean age @number@ years.
the intervention was a two-phase targeted intervention falls prevention program.
patients with moderate risk received additionally orientation guidance , and mobility restriction.
patients determined as high risk were additionally placed under permanent personal supervision.
outcome measures were falls during hospital stay.
results : in both stages of the trial , intervention and control wards were almost similar at baseline for individual patient characteristics.
overall , @number@ falls occurred during the study.
conclusion : these results suggest that in a geriatric rehabilitation hospital a targeted individualized intervention falls prevention program is not effective in reducing falls.
the two most commonly employed frailty measures are the frailty phenotype and the frailty index.
the frailty phenotype was modified from a previously adapted version and a 46-item frailty index was created following a standard protocol.
the prevalence of frailty was @percent@ using the modified frailty phenotype and @percent@ using the frailty index.
the frailty index and the modified frailty phenotype each confirmed previously established characteristics of frailty scales.
the agreement between frailty and disability was high with each measure , suggesting that frailty is not simply a pre-disability stage.
sirtuins act either as accessory components or downstream factors of circadian oscillators , which are also under control by melatonin.
the results of longitudinal ( from @number@ to @number@ ) study of students are presented.
the largest seasonal changes were obtained in bfv in carotid arteries , the relative constancy in bfv in the basilar artery.
bfv rate variability identifies groups of children with varying degrees of \ "sensitivity \ " to the influence of seasonal factors.
the other reactions covered 4-18%.
that can be considered as elevated risks for dysadaptation in those individuals under extra functional exercises.
this gene encodes a key protein of cell response to dna damage an atm protein kinase.
normally , upon formation of dna double strand breaks atm is autophosphorylated and its active form phospho-atm ( p-atm ) appears.
conclusions : daily time spent being sedentary is positively associated with predicted 10-year hchd risk among mobility-limited older adults.
clinical trial registration url : www.clinicaltrials.gov unique identifier : nct01072500.
this article summarizes the discussion ; highlighting progress , challenges , and new directions in the area of perioperative neurotoxicity in our aging population.
background and purpose : physical activity has many benefits for older adults , but adherence is often low.
methods : this was a prospective , cross-sectional study.
the mean age of respondents was @number@ years and they were predominately female ( @percent@ ) .
more than half of respondents were whites ( @percent@ ) , and almost half were married ( @percent@ ) .
discrete event history models show that dropout was related positively to ethnicity ( whites were more likely to drop out ) and health-related barriers.
total barrier score and health barriers significantly predict a participant's dropping out , and white ethnicity is associated with a higher likelihood of dropping out.
conclusions : employing strategies that address health barriers to participation could improve attendance rates for group-based exercise programs.
it is important to identify factors associated with the development of ls.
physical performance measures such as walking speed and standing balance are highly predictive of subsequent disability and mortality in older adults.
however , there is little evidence about the relationship between physical performance measures and ls.
methods : participants were @number@ japanese women ( mean age = @number@ years ) .
locomotive syndrome was defined as a score of @number@ or more on the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale.
variables were compared between ls and non-ls groups.
results : fourteen participants ( @percent@ ) were classed as having ls.
unipedal stance time , normal @number@ mwt , and fast @number@ mwt were significantly different between the @number@ groups.
the ls group had a shorter unipedal stance time and a longer normal and fast @number@ mwt than the non-ls group.
conclusion : unipedal stance time was the physical performance measure that was most strongly associated with ls.
this measure may be useful for early detection of ls.
in mice , the overexpression of the kl gene extends the life span , whereas mutations to the kl gene shorten the life span.
recent evidence suggests that α-klotho suppresses the insulin and wnt signaling pathways , inhibits oxidative stress , and regulates phosphatase and calcium absorption.
this current understanding of the molecular biology of the α-klotho protein may offer new insights into its function and role in aging.
these locally generated particles , together with aging processes , dramatically affected aerosol composition producing internally mixed particles.
mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to age-associated muscle atrophy.
muscle biopsies were taken at rest and @number@ @number@ and @number@ h following leg press and knee extension exercise.
in conclusion , age did not influence the response of specific mitochondrial transcripts , proteins , and dna to a bout of re.
results : men outperformed never users in task switching and updating.
ht users outperformed never users in updating.
ht users outperformed never users and men in visual divided attention.
objective : to investigate the impact of 1-week ventilator circuit change on ventilator-associated pneumonia and its cost-effectiveness compared with a 2-day change.
design : an observational cohort study.
setting : a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in a university-affiliated teaching hospital in taiwan.
patients all neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit receiving invasive intubation for more than @number@ week from @date@ , through @date@ .
measurements and main results : a total of @number@ patients were maintained on mechanical ventilators for @number@ days.
the @number@ groups did not differ significantly in any demographic characteristics.
the durations of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay , and rates of bloodstream infection and mortality , were also comparable between the @number@ groups.
over the past decades cardiovascular disease management has been substantially improved by the increasing introduction of medical devices as prosthetic valves.
the yearly rate of infective endocarditis ( ie ) in patient with a prosthetic valve is approximately @number@ cases per @number@ patients.
the fatality rate of prosthetic valve endocarditis ( pve ) remains stable over the years , in part due to the aging of the population.
the diagnostic value of echocardiography in diagnosis is operator-dependent and its sensitivity can decrease in presence of intracardiac devices and valvular prosthesis.
several studies have been conducted in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of various nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosis of pve.
we performed a review of the literature to assess the available evidence on the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis of pve.
inflammation-mediated oncogenesis has been implicated in a variety of cancer types.
rheumatoid synovial tissues can be viewed as a tumor-like mass , consisting of hyperplastic fibroblast-like synoviocytes ( flss ) .
in this study , we identified plgf-1 and plgf-2 as the major plgf isoforms in ra-flss.
indeed , plgf-deficient ra-flss showed a decrease in cell proliferation , migration , and invasion , but an increase in apoptotic death in vitro.
plgf gene overexpression resulted in the opposite effects.
knockdown of plgf transcripts reduced ra-fls proliferation in a xenotransplantation model.
these results demonstrated how primary cells of mesenchymal origin acquired an aggressive and transformed phenotype.
plgf and its receptors thus offer new targets for anti-fls therapy.
trisomy @number@ ( t21 ) , down syndrome ( ds ) is the most common genetic cause of dementia and intellectual disability.
modeling ds is beginning to yield pharmaceutical therapeutic interventions for amelioration of intellectual disability , which are currently being tested in clinical trials.
new drugs could be identified and disease mechanisms better understood by establishment of well-controlled cell model systems.
finally , t21-derived neurons show significantly higher number of dna double-strand breaks than isogenic d21 controls.
our fully isogenic system therefore opens possibilities for modeling mechanisms of developmental , accelerated ageing , and neurodegenerative pathologies caused by t21.
context : a significant challenge facing health care is the ageing of the population , which calls for a major response in medical education.
there were two phases of data collection.
firstly , a maximum variation sample of @number@ students completed a worksheet , giving brief written answers on questions regarding their geriatric medicine clerkships.
secondly , focus group discussions were conducted with @number@ purposively sampled students.
we used template analysis , iteratively cycling between data collection and analysis , using a constant comparative process.
pressure towards population aging in the demographic pyramid is not only due to sociological / personal choices but also due to subfertility or infertility.
there are several chemicals and mixtures that impair male fertility.
removing error-adjacent responses reduced variability as measured by the coefficient of variation , but did so similarly for younger and older adults.
an ex-gaussian analysis revealed that removing the rts on error-adjacent trials reduced the length of the tails of distributions and the skewness of the distributions.
these properties were reduced more for older adults than for younger adults.
increasing vascular diameter and attenuated vascular elasticity may be reliable markers for atherosclerotic risk assessment.
however , previous measurements have been complex , operator-dependent or invasive.
the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of new automated oscillometric measurement of ea and v ( e ) .
sixteen volunteers ( age @number@.2±13.1 years ) underwent the oscillometric measurements and brachial ultrasound at rest and under nitroglycerin ( ntg ) administration.
oscillometric measurement was performed twice on different days.
the rest ea correlated with ultrasound-measured brachial artery area ( r = 0.77 , p < 0.001 ) .
v ( e ) was also decreased ( @number@.81±0.16 vs. @number@.65±0.11 mm hg / % , p < 0.001 ) after ntg.
cross-sectional vascular area calculated using this automated oscillometric measurement correlated with ultrasound measurement and showed good reproducibility.
to ensure consistent generation of high quality data , we incorporated a system suitability protocol ( ssp ) into our experimental design.
the ssp enabled real-time monitoring of lc-mrm-ms performance during assay development and implementation , facilitating early detection and correction of chromatographic and instrumental problems.
low to subnanogram / ml sensitivity for proteins in plasma was achieved by one-step immunoaffinity depletion of @number@ abundant plasma proteins prior to analysis.
median intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was < 20% , sufficient for most biological studies and candidate protein biomarker verification.
digestion recovery of peptides was assessed and quantitative accuracy improved using heavy-isotope-labeled versions of the proteins as internal standards.
chronic itch in the elderly is a common problem , with a significant impact on quality of life and sleep in elderly patients.
chronic itch may be attributable to several causes , including dry skin , immunosenescence and neural degeneration.
the use of polypharmacy may also cause itch , with or without a rash.
specifically , thiazides and calcium channel blockers have been known to cause itch in elderly patients.
management should be tailored according to the underlying dermatological or systemic aetiology of itch.
topical treatment is the mainstay of therapy , providing special emphasis on skin hydration and barrier repair.
activity rhythms were quantified calculating the fragmentation of the rhythm , stability of the rhythm over days , and timing of the rhythm.
total sleep time , sleep onset latency , and wake after sleep onset were also estimated with actigraphy.
depressive symptoms were assessed with the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale , persons with clinically relevant depressive symptoms were interviewed to diagnose dsm-iv-depressive disorder.
anxiety disorders were determined with the munich version of the composite international diagnostic interview.
conclusions : our study in middle-aged and elderly persons suggests that fragmentation of the 24-hr activity rhythm is associated with depression and anxiety.
moreover , this association also largely accounts for the effect of disturbed sleep on these psychiatric disorders.
objectives : older adults die by suicide at a higher rate than any other age group in nearly every country globally.
we compared the prevalence and prognosis of alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage according to these criteria.
outcome measures were the proportion of subjects with alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage and progression to alzheimer's disease-type dementia.
we performed survival analyses using cox proportional hazards models.
according to the international working group-1 criteria , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects had prodromal alzheimer's disease.
their 3-year progression rate to alzheimer's disease-type dementia was @percent@ compared to @percent@ for subjects without prodromal alzheimer's disease.
according to the international working group-2 criteria , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects had prodromal alzheimer's disease.
their 3-year progression rate to alzheimer's disease-type dementia was @percent@ compared to @percent@ for subjects without prodromal alzheimer's disease.
our findings support the use of the proposed research criteria to identify alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage.
background : high levels of prolonged grief symptoms ( pgs ) and posttraumatic stress symptoms ( pts ) are relatively common following bereavement.
the two types of bereavement complications share some but not all of the same features.
little research has studied which of the two precedes the other following the death of a loved one.
main outcome measures were inventory of complicated grief-revised and the harvard trauma questionnaire.
results : lower level mediation analyses were performed.
these results suggest that changes in pgs mediated changes in pts following spousal bereavement to a greater extent than vice versa.
conclusions : the findings in the present study indicate that changes in pgs may precede and potentially directly impact changes in pts following bereavement.
in recent years , the aging population has been growing , and the operative techniques and anesthetic methods have advanced.
with these developments and medical support , the number of operations on very elderly patients has been increasing.
we report the perioperative management of off-pump cabg for a 93-year-old man.
as part of the perioperative management , intraoperative cerebral circulatory management with attention to cerebral perfusion and prevention of postoperative delirium is crucial.
research was conducted in urban and rural areas of the city telavi in 2012-2013.
@number@ public school pupils aged 6-18 were studied ( 267-urban resident , 226-rural resident ) .
results are grouped separately for all ( @number@ ) aging clusters.
measurements were taken on the right arm , three times with @number@ minutes intervals.
both rural and urban area resident children's ( boys , girls ) sap / dap was evaluated.
data was processed statistically by \ "anova \ ".
to determine correlation between different study groups , parametric and nonparametric methods were used.significance was determined with @percent@ of variability.
@number@ ) bmi of the residents living in the rural areas is lower compeard to the residents living in the citie.
our findings are in line with the results obtained in iraq and russia.
we found that higher midlife bp and longer durations of htn predicted a higher rate of thinning in the right superior temporal gyrus.
methods : we studied @number@ consecutive post-myocardial infartion patients ( mean age @number@ years ) .
all patients began a 5-week cardiac rehabilitation supervised training.
results : we observed statistically significant improvement in exercise capacity ( from 423±94 to 496±13 m ; p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : the study suggest that a cardiac rehabilitation program in postmyocardial infarction improves exercise capacity , qol and autonomic modulation.
conditions associated with the aging process have been diagnosed more frequently among hiv-infected patients , particularly , cardiovascular diseases.
carotid intima-media thickness ( cimt ) was measured by ultrasonography , following the mannheim protocol.
linear regression and proportional odds models were used to compare groups and covariables in respect to cimt.
the best model was chosen with the adaptive lasso procedure.
results : a valid cimt exam was available for @number@ patients.
median cimt was significantly larger for men than women ( @number@.56mm vs. @number@.53mm ; p = @number@ overall = @number@.54mm ) .
this finding reinforces the need for thorough assessment of those risk factors in these patients to guarantee the incidence of cvd events remain under control.
recent studies have demonstrated that the dna methylome changes with age.
this epigenetic drift may have deep implications for cellular differentiation and disease development.
however , it remains unclear how much of this drift is functional or caused by underlying changes in cell subtype composition.
moreover , no study has yet comprehensively explored epigenetic drift at different genomic length scales and in relation to regulatory elements.
here we conduct an in-depth analysis of epigenetic drift in blood tissue.
we further find that drift has only a minimal impact on in-cis gene expression , acting primarily to stabilize pre-existing baseline expression levels.
specifically , we identify rest and regulatory factors of the histone methyltransferase mll complex , whose function may be disrupted in aging.
integration of illumina 450k with appropriate encode data may represent a fruitful approach to identify transcription factors with key roles in aging and disease.
additional mechanisms are thought to underlie cyanide-induced neuronal damage , including generation of reactive oxygen species.
this may account for the fact that antioxidants prevent some aspects of cyanide-induced neuronal damage.
ca crosses the blood-brain barrier to up-regulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes via activation of the nrf2 transcriptional pathway.
cyanide , a potential bioterrorist agent , can produce a chronic delayed-onset neurological syndrome that includes symptoms of parkinsonism.
carnosic acid is therefore a potential treatment for the toxic central nervous system ( cns ) effects of cyanide poisoning.
are , antioxidant responsive element ; nrf2 ( nfe2l2 , nuclear factor ( erythroid-derived @number@ ) -like @number@ ) .
the potent redox activity of copper is required for sustaining life.
mismanagement of its cellular pools , however , can result in oxidative stress and damage connected to aging , neurodegenerative diseases , and metabolic disorders.
therefore , copper homeostasis is tightly regulated by cells and tissues.
against this backdrop , we review advances in sensing labile copper pools and understanding their functions using synthetic fluorescent indicators.
this holistic approach will maximize the exciting opportunities for these and related chemical technologies in the study and discovery of novel biology of metals.
this paper represents data of long-term open prospective study.
the average age of patients was @number@ ± @number@ years.
anamnesis and the level of social adaptation were also assayed.
clinical estimation was done with the use of specially developed clinical psychopathological chart.
all the symptoms were divided into @number@ groups ( asthenic , psychovegetative , dysthymic , and cognitive symptom-complexes ) .
no pronounced signs of dementia were observed.
the control group included @number@ clean-up workers without mental disorders.
predomination of various exogenous factors before and after accident was noted.
therapy included different vasotropic remedies , as well as family therapy , art therapy , and cognitive training.
the possibilities of the reverse development of symptoms were statistically proved.
the results allow making a conclusion that these disorders could not be explained either by radiation effects or by ptsd but connected with cerebrovascular pathology.
successful human social interactions depend upon the transmission of verbal and non-verbal signals from one individual to another.
non-verbal social communication is realized through our ability to read and understand information present in other people's actions.
the main prediction of this framework is that action perception should be strongly correlated with parameters of action execution.
here , we demonstrate that subjects ' sensitivity to observed movement speeds is dependent upon how quickly they themselves executed the observed action.
the oxygen-limiting ( hypoxic ) microenvironment of tumors induces metabolic reprogramming and cell survival , but the underlying mechanisms involving mitochondria remain poorly understood.
in addition , we showed that truncation is associated with increased resistance to drug-induced apoptosis and is indicative of increased patient chemoresistance.
we now show that silencing of the tumor suppressor tp53 decreases truncation and increases drug-induced apoptosis.
we also show that tp53 regulates truncation through induction of the mitochondrial protein mieap.
since we found that the endolysosomal asparagine endopeptidase was responsible for truncation , we propose that it is a readout of microfusion in hypoxia.
we examined whether angiogenic factors during pregnancy also affect childhood retinal microvasculature in a population-based prospective cohort study among @number@ mothers and their children.
we measured maternal plgf and sflt-1 in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.
at the age of @number@ we measured childhood retinal arteriolar and venular calibers from digitized retinal photographs.
we observed that first trimester maternal plgf and sflt-1 levels were not associated with childhood retinal arteriolar caliber.
maternal plgf and sflt-1 levels in the first or second trimester were not associated with childhood retinal venular caliber.
further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term cardiovascular consequences.
typical aging is associated with diminished episodic memory performance.
this novel approach focuses on the ability to remember sequences of events , an important feature of episodic memory.
collectively , these findings provide unambiguous evidence that the capacity to remember sequences of events is fundamentally affected by typical aging.
several studies have evidenced that in aging , osteoblast functional activity is impaired : osteoblast proliferation is slower and matrix deposition is less efficient.
unlabelled : prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide.
genome-wide association studies have identified @number@ risk variants for prostate cancer , which can explain approximately @percent@ of the familial risk of the disease.
studies of mirnas and their interactions with snps could provide further insights into the mechanisms of prostate cancer risk.
cellular senescence can modulate various pathologies and is associated with irreparable dna double-strand breaks ( irrdsbs ) .
in contrast , tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme transcript levels were unchanged and their metabolites were depleted.
these results are surprising because glycolysis antagonizes senescence entry but are consistent with established senescent cells entering a state of low oxidative stress.
though imaging findings are well described on ct and radiographs , recognition on mri can be challenging.
we reviewed @number@ cases with radiologic or histologic confirmation of uncomplicated pd of the spine.
in most cases , mri showed a mixed pattern of increased / decreased t1 signal ( fine trabecular or coarse ) of the vertebral bodies.
there was also associated band-like decreased t1 and t2 signal of the endplates.
this correlates with the mixed osteolytic and blastic phase of the disease , the most common phase in the spine.
subtle or conspicuous \ "picture-frame \ " appearance may also be identified.
we identified a subtle diffuse decreased t1 and t2 bone marrow signal , not corresponding to sclerosis on ct or radiographs , in two cases.
we proposed this , as an earliest sign on mri , likely representing early fibro-vascular bone marrow transformation and to our knowledge not previously described.
less commonly , sclerotic pd was also found which is perhaps the most difficult to evaluate given its broad differential.
most cases of pd of the spine were overlooked or confused with other entities by the radiologists.
interpretation of mr images of the spine in the absence of prior imaging is not uncommon.
thus , recognition of mri manifestations is important to allow appropriate management , to avoid misinterpretations and in most cases to avoid biopsy.
background : goal directed fluid therapy ( gdft ) has been shown to improve outcomes in moderate to high-risk surgery.
methods : patients scheduled for elective moderate risk surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled.
colloid solutions were delivered by the closed-loop system for intravascular volume expansion using data from the nexfin™ monitor.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included in the study group.
all patients met the established criteria for delivery of gdft for greater than @percent@ of case time.
the median length of stay in the hospital was @number@ [ 3-6 ] days.
clinical trial registration : nct02020863.
mitochondria are the powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell through their use of oxidative phosphorylation to generate atp.
therefore , preventing mitochondrial dysfunction could be an effective therapeutic strategy against cellular degenerative processes.
cardiolipin abnormalities have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in a variety of pathological conditions and aging.
melatonin , the major secretory product of the pineal gland , is a well-known antioxidant agent and thus an effective protector of mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
in this article , mechanisms through which melatonin exerts its protective role in mitochondrial dysfunction and related disorders are reviewed.
since its first description over @number@ years ago , cellular senescence has gained increasing attention.
the number of research publications on cellular senescence last year alone is more than the number of publications in the decade in 1990s.
laboratories solely studying senescence , scientific conferences and organisations dedicated to field of cellular senescence are also on the rise.
these not only indicate the growing interest in this field but also highlight the importance of cellular senescence in cell biology from yeast to human.
cellular senescence is implicated in normal ageing , tumour suppression , tumourigenesis , chronic diseases and more recently , in embryogenesis.
thus , understanding senescence is crucial for the understanding of organismal biology.
depressive symptoms are common in older adults and are particularly prevalent in those with or at elevated risk for dementia.
although the heritability of depression is estimated to be substantial , single nucleotide polymorphism-based genome-wide association studies of depressive symptoms have had limited success.
in this study , we performed genome-wide gene- and pathway-based analyses of depressive symptom burden.
gene-based meta-analysis identified genome-wide significant associations ( angpt4 and fam110a , q-value = @number@ grm7-as3 and lrfn5 , q-value = @number@ ) .
grm7 , angpt4 , and lrfn5 have been previously implicated in psychiatric disorders , including the grm7 region displaying association with major depressive disorder.
in particular , the genes and pathways demonstrating association with depressive symptoms may be potential therapeutic targets for these symptoms in older adults.
the result was a single factor score reflecting arterial stiffness and reduced elasticity.
we used this factor score to predict white matter lesion volumes acquired via fluid attenuated inversion recovery ( flair ) magnetic resonance imaging.
after accounting for the vascular factor , systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were not significant predictors.
objectives : clinical predictors of falls in patients with parkinson disease ( pd ) are fairly inaccurate.
stabilometric measures appear useful in investigating the relationship between balance , sensory disturbance , and falls.
the aim of the study was to identify the best combination of clinical and stabilometric tests to predict falls prospectively.
materials & methods : fifty-three consecutive subjects with pd or parkinsonisms at risk of falls were included and followed for @number@ months.
variables from stabilometric platform underwent a principal component analysis.
results : seven patients were lost to follow up , leaving @number@ evaluable subjects.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were fallers and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were recurrent fallers.
conclusions : a combination of clinical and instrumental tools is useful to identify fallers in pd or parkinsonisms.
body sway velocity and ability to perform the activities of daily living are the best predictors of recurrent falls.
as such , considerable effort has been placed on initiatives that aid the early detection of cancer , as this may improve patient survival outcome.
setting : thirty-three community pharmacies in the north of england.
method : a prospective study from @date@ to @date@ .
each community pharmacy team was provided training in relation to alarm symptoms to ensure there was consistency in reporting.
deprivation tertiles for each community pharmacy were calculated using the imd @number@ deprivation index.
main outcome measure : frequency of patient reported alarm symptoms.
background : alterations in autonomic tone and / or sinus node dysfunction are common with aging.
af cases were identified during the yearly study electrocardiograms , participant history of a physician diagnosis , or by hospitalization data.
results : over a median follow-up of @number@ years , a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed af.
the results were consistent in subgroup analyses stratified by age , sex , race , and baseline cardiovascular disease.
conclusion : in the elderly , low heart rates are associated with an increased risk of af.
potentially , underlying alterations in autonomic tone and / or subclinical sinus node dysfunction manifested as slow heart rate predispose to af.
non-enzymatic protein glycosylation ( glycation ) contributes to many diseases and aging of organisms.
it can be expected that inhibition of glycation may prolong the lifespan.
nevertheless , available data allow to postulate that enrichment of diet in natural anti-glycating agents may attenuate glycation and , in consequence , ageing.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
ad is the most common cause of dementia worldwide , and its incidence is increasing in line with population aging.
the primary feature of ad is progressive cognitive decline , and severe ad is characterized by reduced communication skills and mobility.
however , successful treatment can substantially improve quality of life.
donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for use across the full spectrum of mild , moderate , and severe ad.
this review presents an overview of the evidence for donepezil across the spectrum of ad , with a focus on dose optimization for disease progression.
methods : the study was conducted on @number@ patients with primary diagnosis of stroke admitted for in-hospital rehabilitation.
at entry , the fugl-meyer scale was administered to assess motor function according to limb synergies.
pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between variables , and backward stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the outcome determinants.
final functional independence measure ( fim ) scores and length of in-hospital stay were the outcome measures.
conclusions : in stroke rehabilitation , the patients ' motor patterns according to the synergies strongly relate with functional outcomes and are important outcome predictors.
for some years there has been evidence at population level that prevention of end-stage kidney disease is feasible.
however , the number of people receiving renal replacement therapy is still rising as a consequence of population ageing.
with a greater focus on prevention through better screening and more active treatment , the number of people with end-stage kidney disease can be reduced.
there is also a need for better treatment of people diagnosed with chronic kidney damage.
methods : patients with bph on medical therapy of least @number@ months and up to @number@ months were interviewed.
nocturia episodes , co morbid illnesses , beverage intake frequency , medications and work history were documented.
body mass index ( bmi ) , waist circumference ( wc ) , prostate volume , and prostate specific antigen ( psa ) were recorded.
treatment failure is defined as persistent nocturia despite on medical therapy for bph.
results : in @number@ patients , the prevalence of nocturia was @percent@ while nocturia of @number@ or more was @percent@.
however , alleviation of bothersome symptoms is possible with the understanding of its patho-physiology and individual-based approach to treatment and expected outcome.
background : this cross-sectional study examined the associations of hormones and age with short-term memory and perceptual capacity in @number@ healthy asian men.
methods : the symbol digit and digit span tests from the swedish performance evaluation system were used to assess perceptual capacity and memory.
linear regression analyses with the stepwise method were carried out with the spss @number@ package.
higher insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 ( bp3 ) was associated with longer dspan.
high cortisol ( cor ) was associated with higher err , while high dhea / s was associated with shorter rt.
all other hormones from the adrenal , somatotrophic and gonadal were not significantly associated with cognition.
oxidative stress has serious damaging effects on the cellular contents : dna , rna , cellular proteins , and cellular organelles.
autophagy has a pivotal role in recycling these damaged non-functional organelles and misfolded or unfolded proteins.
background : osteoporosis is pathophysiologically related to trochanteric fractures , and this condition is more preventable by lifestyle modifications than cervical fractures.
we investigated whether older physicians , who are health-conscious people , are at a lower risk of hip fractures because of fewer trochanteric fractures.
all of the subjects were obtained from nhird with index dates from @date@ to @date@ .
cox proportional hazard and competing risk regression models were established to estimate the hazard ratio ( hr ) of hip fracture associated with older physicians.
the hrs estimated from the competing risk models remained unchanged.
conclusions : our findings indicated that health risk awareness may pose a significant preventive effect on trochanteric hip fractures.
huntington disease ( hd ) prevalence shows geographic variability and has been recently updated by taking into account the mutation diagnostic test.
in italy , the last epidemiological estimation was reported well before the htt gene discovery and the availability of the corresponding genetic test.
it reported a prevalence of affected subjects ranging between @number@ and @number@.8 / 100 , 000 in some restricted areas of northern italy.
ferritin is the main intracellular protein of iron storage with a central role in the regulation of iron metabolism and detoxification.
the disease progresses relentlessly , leading to dystonia , chorea , motor disability and neuropsychiatry features.
to this aim we studied an animal model expressing the pathogenic human ftl mutant 498instc under the phosphoglycerate kinase ( pgk ) promoter.
furthermore , one group of aged naïve subjects was challenged with two herbicides ( paraquat and maneb ) known to cause oxidative damage.
the treatment led to a paradoxical increase in behavioral activation in the transgenic mice , suggestive of altered functioning of the dopaminergic system.
these mice could be a powerful tool to study the neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to the disease and help developing specific therapeutic targets.
background : photo documentation has become increasing important in medicine , especially given the demand for cosmetic procedures.
methods : a prospective analysis comparing advanced photographic techniques including standard photography , polarized light photography , cross-polarized light photography and ultraviolet light passing photography.
results : @number@ subjects completed the study.
enhancement of these features made uv passing best for capturing photodamage.
cross-polarized photography was best for visualizing hyperpigmentation , but also heightened visualization of hypopigmentation and subsurface features such as vascularity.
parallel-polarized photography enhanced visualization of skin texture.
cardiologists often use combination therapies including serotoninergic agents , and should therefore consider the risk of serotoninergic adverse events caused by inappropriate drug interactions.
ss is often difficult to diagnose and may be life-threatening if not adequately managed.
methods : multivariable linear regressions were conducted using a representative sample of german employees born in @number@ and @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
results : soc was assessed to have an independent effect on work ability.
associations of job demands and control variables with work ability were more prominent.
the soc tended to enhance the positive association between decision authority and work ability.
workplace interventions should deal with job demands and control to maintain older employees ' work ability in times of working population shrinkage.
consistent with earlier research , the findings showed that younger adults can bypass when the second task has ideomotor-compatible stimuli and responses.
most strikingly , they demonstrated that bypass can also occur in older adults.
overall , the findings are inconsistent with any categorical claim that younger adults can bypass the dual-task bottleneck whereas older adults cannot.
the construct of ideomotor-compatible tasks may comprise @number@ quite different classes of experimental procedures.
aging is characterized by an increasing morbidity and functional decline that eventually results in the death of an organism.
although cellular models of human disease provide valuable mechanistic information , they are limited in that they may not replicate the in vivo biology.
almost all organisms age , and thus animal models can be useful for studying aging.
finally , we conclude by discussing the future of animal models in aging research.
in particular , focus will be placed on studies evaluating the abo phenotype in centenarians , the best human model of longevity.
heart disease remains the number one cause of death in developed countries.
as such , pscs represent an unprecedented unlimited ex vivo cell source.
methods : bonded dentin specimens were prepared using three different types of adhesive systems.
micro-tensile bond strength and degradation of collagen were tested before , and after @number@ month or @number@ months of aging in artificial saliva.
the relationship between micro-tensile bond strength and collagen degradation was analyzed by calculating their pearson's correlation coefficient.
the pearson's correlation coefficient was @number@ indicating that @percent@ of the aging-induced reduction in bond strength can be explained by the degradation of collagen.
the reduction of bond strength was accompanied by the degradation of collagen.
these results provide evidence for the causative relationship between the degradation of collagen and the deterioration of dentin-adhesive interface.
aim : the prevalence of endocrine abnormalities in two different cohorts from the general and the symptomatic populations of florence was compared.
however , only the second association retained statistical significance after adjusting for age.
compensated hypogonadism was more common in the emas cohort ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) .
no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of overt thyroid disorders was observed.
conversely , subclinical hyperthyroidism was more prevalent in the emas cohort ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
in contrast , the prevalence of overweight and obesity did not differ between the two groups.
our data suggest that these conditions could play a central role in determining consultation for ed.
objectives : community viral load ( cvl ) estimates vary based on analytic methods.
we created 6-month intervals including patients with at least one visit in the past @number@ years.
results : the clinical population size varied by definition , increasing from @number@ 000-19 @number@ patients in @number@ to @number@ 000-26 @number@ in @number@
the proportion of patients with suppressed hiv-1 rna increased over time.
over @percent@ of patients had no viral load measured in a given interval or the past @number@ years.
hsvl was underestimated when using only current data in each interval.
conclusions : the cvl concept can be applied to a health care system , providing a measure of health care quality.
like cvl , hsvl estimates depend on definitions of the clinical population and assumptions about missing data.
heat shock factor @number@ ( hsf1 ) is critical for defending cells from both acute and chronic stresses.
in aging cells , the dna binding activity of hsf1 deteriorates correlating with the onset of pathological events including neurodegeneration and heart disease.
in contrast , hdac1 inhibits hsf1 in a deacetylase-independent manner.
our results provide a mechanistic basis for the age-associated regulation of the hsr.
besides hsf1 , the deacetylases differentially modulate the activities of unrelated dna binding proteins.
taken together , our data further support the model that lysine deacetylases are selective regulators of dna binding proteins.
although traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) is widely used , its effect on health outcomes is not well understood.
tcm users were identified as participants who reported visiting a chinese medicine clinic in the year before each of the three interviews.
health outcomes included physical function , self-rated health , cognitive function , and depressive symptoms.
controlling for time-varying sociodemographic and health conditions , levels and rates of change in physical and cognitive function did not differ according to tcm use.
further research aimed at understanding the specific mechanisms by which tcm affects health outcomes is warranted.
human immunodeficiency virus- ( hiv- ) infected persons have a higher risk for acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) than hiv-uninfected persons.
earlier studies suggest that hiv viral load , cd4 + t-cell count , and antiretroviral therapy are associated with cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk.
whether cd8 + t-cell count is associated with cvd risk is not clear.
cd8 + t-cell counts may add additional ami risk stratification information beyond that provided by cd4 + t-cell counts alone.
objectives : depression in later life poses a grave challenge for the aging countries.
past studies on changes along geriatric trajectories in the association between social engagement and depression also remain inadequate.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : kashiwa-city , chiba-prefecture in japan.
participants : a total of @number@ community-dwelling older adults.
measurements : the 15-item geriatric depression scale was used to measure depressive symptoms.
results : social engagement was significantly associated with depressive symptoms.
younger and less mentally frail populations showed stronger associations.
conclusions : eating alone was a key risk factor for depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults.
the living arrangement in which they eat alone is important in identifying those with the greatest risk.
mental health management for older adults requires comprehensive assessment of their social relations that takes into account their companionship during mealtimes.
social preventive measures need to involve early interventions in order to augment their effectiveness against mental frailty.
objectives : patients with dementia experience a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
these symptoms often cause considerable distress to patients and caregivers , and often contribute to institutionalization.
the current study examined the prevalence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a large sample of patients with dementia attending memory clinics.
design : three-year nonprescriptive , observational study examining relationships between predictors and outcome variables in patients with dementia.
setting : nine memory clinics around australia.
participants : of @number@ patients recruited , @number@ patients had dementia at baseline.
analyses focused on the @number@ patients with dementia who completed the neuropsychiatric inventory on @number@ or more occasions.
results : overall levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms increased over the @number@ years.
depression , euphoria , night time behavior , and appetite did not significantly increase over this period.
severity of dementia , male sex , and frontotemporal dementia were associated with greater levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline.
more recently variants in coq2 have been linked to msa in the japanese population although this finding awaits replication.
nonetheless , significant positive associations with subsequent independent replication studies have been scarce.
electronic searches were carried out up to @date@ .
a random effect model was used to pool data.
a nomogram was used to represent results of the metaregression model.
participants : adults with type @number@ diabetes.
interventions : any dpp-4 inhibitor ( vildagliptin , sitagliptin , saxagliptin , linagliptin or alogliptin ) .
outcome measures : the hba1c response to each dpp-4 inhibitor within @number@ year of therapy.
results : we screened @number@ citations and reviewed @number@ articles reporting @number@ rcts with @number@ arms in @number@ @number@ participants.
there were @number@ arms with vildagliptin , @number@ with sitagliptin , @number@ with saxagliptin , @number@ with linagliptin and @number@ with alogliptin.
other factors , including age , previous diabetes drugs and duration of treatment added low predictive power ( < 1% ) .
the nomogram estimates the absolute hba1c reduction from baseline using the type of dpp-4 inhibitor , baseline values of hba1c and fasting glucose.
this shows that the recruitment of intracellular a2ar signaling in the hippocampus is sufficient to trigger memory dysfunction.
we investigated the genetic overlap between alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
study design : qualitative research.
visual impairment was defined by self-report.
data was analysed using a thematic analysis.
conclusions : recommendations for policy change need to be focused at the societal level.
however , studies investigating the effects of providing autonomy support during the learning process of older adults remain scarce.
the opportunity to choose when stop practicing facilitated motor performance and learning compared to the yoked condition.
background : previously , frailty indices were constructed using mostly subjective health measures.
the reporting error in this type of measure can have implications on the robustness of frailty findings.
objective : to examine whether frailty assessment differs when we construct frailty indices using solely self-reported or test-based health measures.
design : secondary analysis of data from the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) .
the 2-year follow-up outcomes examined were all-cause mortality , disability , hospitalisation and falls.
where available , self-reported and test-based measures should be combined when trying to identify levels of frailty.
isolated systolic hypertension is a major health burden that is expanding with the aging of our population.
this bidirectional relationship created a controversy in the field on whether arterial stiffness leads to hypertension or vice versa.
given the profound interdependency of arterial stiffness and blood pressure , this question seems intrinsically challenging , or probably naïve.
this homeostasis is disturbed by age-associated , minute alterations in aortic hemodynamic and mechanical properties that induce short- and long-term alterations in each other.
hence , it is impossible to detect an \ "initial insult \ " at an epidemiological level.
subsequently , aortic mechanical reserve is exhausted , and aortic remodeling with wall stiffening and dilatation ensue.
these two phenomena affect pulse pressure in opposite directions and different magnitudes.
healthy aging is associated with cognitive declines typically accompanied by increased task-related brain activity in comparison to younger counterparts.
whether this compensatory response persists or declines with the onset of cognitive impairment can only be addressed using a longitudinal design.
results indicated that the trajectory of change in brain activation while performing this semantic memory task differed between apoe ε4 carriers and non-carriers.
in contrast , the non-carriers demonstrated a gradual increase in activation over the 5-year period.
our fmri results could not be attributed to changes in task performance , group differences in cerebral perfusion , or regional cortical atrophy.
frailty was assessed using both the phenotypic ( fp ) and frailty index ( fi ) models.
oi was defined as reporting feeling dizzy , light headed or unsteady during this test.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) participants had oh and @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants had oi.
the prevalence oh in frail participants was @percent@ , compared to @percent@ in robust.
similarly the prevalence of oi was @percent@ in frail and @percent@ in robust participants.
in fully adjusted models oi remained related to slowness and low muscle strength and to higher fi scores.
these data suggest oi symptoms in older adults may reflect various important underlying health deficits , indicative of increasing levels of frailty.
further assessment of frailty in patients experiencing oi is a potential opportunity for early intervention to delay functional decline.
the h-reflex is dependently modulated during isometric and anisometric muscle actions.
however , the manner of the h-reflex modulation during dynamic muscle movements in relation to ageing is less stated in the literature.
this study was designed to investigate the effects of ageing on soleus ( sol ) h-reflex modulation during dynamic muscle actions.
the sol h-reflex was measured during passive and active shortening and lengthening muscle actions in a sitting position.
over-expression of snai2 in du145 cells substantiated its ability to regulate metastasis-suppressor , ned and pluripotency genes.
snai2 expression in selected pca cells , by regulating their self-renewal , ned and metastatic potential , endows them with highly malignant properties.
snai2 may thus constitute a key target for modern approaches to pca progression.
social isolation , loneliness , poor verbal communication , and cognitive reserve depletion might causally link arhi with cognitive impairment.
arhi is an important frailty marker , and several factors related to physical frailty could be associated with cognitive impairment.
such factors include inflammatory markers and vascular factors , which might also directly contribute to arhi.
deficits in both peripheral hearing and central auditory processing ( cap ) can contribute to arhi.
assessment of cap dysfunction in people with arhi might , therefore , aid identification of older individuals with increased risk of mci and ad.
objective : to identify barriers to sleep for intensive care unit ( icu ) patients.
design : a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.
subjects : nurses and physicians who had experience working the night shift.
interventions : none.
measurements and main results : multiple environmental barriers to sleep in the icu were identified when participants were directly asked about factors affecting sleep.
responses highlighted healthcare system-based barriers related to hospital / icu policy and workflow.
implicit barriers to sleep were found when participants responded to open-ended questions.
these barriers provide additional targets for intervention in studies designed to improve sleep in the icu.
method : all individuals were enrolled in the neurological disorders in central spain , a population-based epidemiological study in central spain.
they completed a detailed demographic survey and a short standardized neuropsychological battery assessing psychomotor speed , attention , language , and memory.
the word accentuation test ( wat ) was used as measure of oral reading ability.
the contribution of socioeconomic conditions was addressed by stratifying the sample into groups of high and low ses.
results : the wat showed a significant independent effect on cognitive scores , generally greater than that predicted by demographics.
the higher predictive power of oral word reading on cognitive scores compared to education was consistent across the three communities.
in contrast , the variance explained by wat was higher for verbal fluency and the trail-making test in areas with high ses.
conclusion : oral word-reading ability predicts cognitive performance better than years of education across individuals with different ses.
the influence of wat may be modulated by ses and cognitive task properties.
selective macroautophagy is an important protective mechanism against diverse cellular stresses.
in contrast to the well-characterized starvation-induced autophagy , the regulation of selective autophagy is largely unknown.
in drosophila , huntingtin genetically interacts with autophagy pathway components.
our data uncover an important physiological function of huntingtin and provide a missing link in the activation of selective macroautophagy in metazoans.
bhb levels are elevated by starvation , caloric restriction , high-intensity exercise , or the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet.
mechanistically , bhb inhibits the nlrp3 inflammasome by preventing k ( + ) efflux and reducing asc oligomerization and speck formation.
bhb reduces nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin ( il ) -1β and il-18 production in human monocytes.
our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of caloric restriction or ketogenic diets may be linked to bhb-mediated inhibition of the nlrp3 inflammasome.
traditional nucleic acids preservation methods rely on maintaining samples in cold environments , which are costly to operate and time sensitive.
recent work validated that using room temperature for the storage of nucleic acids is possible if the samples are completely protected from water and oxygen.
the importance of the in utero environment as a contributor to later life metabolic disease has been demonstrated in both human and animal studies.
adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( admscs ) have been reported to have therapeutic benefit in skin.
our findings identified that admscs reduce mmp-1 level in uv-irradiated hdfs and increase type @number@ procollagen in hdfs.
a dose-dependent increase in type @number@ procollagen was confirmed by admsc-conditioned medium.
collectively , admscs may contribute to anti-wrinkle effects in skin but further experiments are needed to identify the mechanism.
we used magnetofection ( mf ) to achieve high transfection efficiency into human mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) .
a custom-made magnet array , matching well-to-well to a 24-well plate , was generated and characterized.
theoretical predictions of magnetic force distribution within each well demonstrated that there was no magnetic field interference among magnets in adjacent wells.
indeed , mf-mediated nanog delivery increased proliferation and enhanced the differentiation of hhf-mscs into smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) .
previous studies have shown that contextual cues improve memory performance and reduce interference in younger adults.
participants completed a retroactive interference paradigm with or without contextual cues.
a systematic review using medline , embase , and pubmed was performed.
evidence suggests that ad evolves through distinct patterns of wm disruption , in which retrogenesis or , alternatively , the wallerian degeneration may prevail.
background : the populations of many developed countries have been aging in recent years , resulting in increasing numbers of elderly-related injuries.
conventionally regarded as minor , injuries from ground-level falls are now associated with a higher risk of death for elderly people.
conclusions : the effects of age and rts on inhospital mortality of patients after ground-level falls differed by sex.
to develop successful therapies that prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases requires an understanding of the upstream events.
both differentiation and inflammation involve drastic metabolic changes associated with alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that shift the balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
we validated the stated 99th percentile ( @number@ ng / l ) using a large population of healthy adults representative of the northern california population.
patients were selected based on pre-defined criteria extracted from a comprehensive electronic medical record.
99th percentiles were calculated based on age , sex , race and body mass index categories.
results : among @number@ tested subjects , the 99th percentile for all samples was @number@ ng / l.
sex and age-specific upper reference limits for ctni should be considered.
in this cohort , about half the findings above the 99th percentile were false positives.
avoiding reporting erroneous results requires implementation of quality indicators.
about @percent@ had full and @percent@ had partial ef at baseline.
ef was assessed on a physician-reported three-point scale.
poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess predictors of ed and kaplan-meier curves time to ed.
results : the median age was @number@ years and median fu @number@ years ( maximum @number@ years ) .
about @number@ patients had more than @number@ years of fu , and @percent@ had received @number@ months of androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) .
significant drop in ef was seen at @number@ weeks after pb , with gradual decline thereafter.
comparisons of the 5-year age-related and treatment-related ef decline show that @percent@ of the long-term ef decline is related to aging.
conclusion : more than @percent@ of young men have ef preserved @number@ years after pb.
age , adt , history of hypertension , and the natural decline in ef have negative impact on long-term ef after pb.
faced with this possibility , it seems appropriate to give thought to the public policies that should be adopted.
it is better to anticipate the various future scenarios than react to a reality which is a fait accompli.
until now , neither legal guidelines at state level nor those of international organisations which deal with bioethical issues have concerned themselves with this matter.
aging is a complex process that affects multiple organs.
modeling aging and age-related diseases in the lab is challenging because classical vertebrate models have relatively long lifespans.
here , we develop the first platform for rapid exploration of age-dependent traits and diseases in vertebrates , using the naturally short-lived african turquoise killifish.
we provide an integrative genomic and genome-editing toolkit in this organism using our de-novo-assembled genome and the crispr / cas9 technology.
we mutate many genes encompassing the hallmarks of aging , and for a subset , we produce stable lines within 2-3 months.
we further demonstrate the feasibility of creating specific genetic variants.
methods : clinical periodontal attachment loss was calculated to determine the progress of periodontitis.
alcohol consumption was measured at cchs follow-ups in 1981-1983 , 1991-1994 and 2001-2003 , using a standard questionnaire.
alcohol consumption was defined as light , moderate and heavy drinking and used individually for each follow-up.
the three follow-ups were summarized into long-term alcohol consumption.
conclusion : early consumption of alcohol may increase the odds of having periodontitis @number@ years later.
this chapter examines early cases of aphasia that include observations of the capacity to sing.
early ideas about the capacity to sing were provided by well-known neurologists , such as john hughlings jackson and adolf kussmaul.
the work of herbert spencer about the origins and function of music heavily influenced jackson and others in their thinking about aphasia.
this chapter examines connections between research in music , neurology , and psychology during the late-nineteenth century.
researchers in all three disciplines investigated how music is processed by the brain.
psychologists and comparative musicologists , such as carl stumpf , thought in terms of multiple levels of sensory processing and mental representation.
early thinking about music processing can be linked to the start of gestalt psychology.
neurologists such as august knoblauch also discussed multiple levels of music processing , basing speculation on ideas about language processing.
knoblauch and others attempted to localize music function in the brain.
other neurologists , such as john hughlings jackson , discussed a dissociation between music as an emotional system and language as an intellectual system.
richard wallaschek seems to have been the only one from the late-nineteenth century to synthesize ideas from musicology , psychology , and neurology.
understanding the history of this research sheds light on the development of all three disciplines-musicology , neurology , and psychology.
disruption of telomere maintenance pathways leads to accelerated entry into cellular senescence , a stable proliferative arrest that promotes aging-associated disorders in some mammals.
oxidative stress augmented the defects caused by stn1 knockdown leading to almost immediate cessation of cell proliferation.
in contrast , overexpression of htert suppressed some of the defects caused by hstn1 knockdown suggesting that telomerase can partially compensate for hstn1 loss.
this study investigates to what extent physical inactivity in older age is associated with reduced life expectancy among non-overweight and overweight / obese individuals.
population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate years of life lost due to physical inactivity.
physical inactivity was defined as not meeting the current uk physical activity guidelines for older adults.
not meeting physical activity guidelines was associated with reduced life expectancy that is larger among non-overweight individuals than among overweight / obese.
objective : personality disorders ( pds ) often remain unrecognized in older adults by doctors in general practice.
the sensitivity and specificity of the gps-pv were @number@ and @number@ respectively , with a cutoff score of ≥1.
raising the cutoff score to ≥2 , the sensitivity dropped to @number@ whereas the specificity rose to @number@
for the gps-iv , a cutoff score of ≥3 maximized the sensitivity ( @number@ ) and specificity ( @number@ ) .
conclusion : the diagnostic accuracy of the gps-iv was preferable to that of the gps-pv.
this is the first psychometric study to use the gps as an age-specific screening instrument for pds.
objectives : dementia is a progressive condition , affecting increasing numbers of people , characterised by cognitive decline.
the current systematic review aimed to evaluate research pertaining to the impact of arts and health interventions on cognition in people with dementia.
method : a literature search was conducted utilising psychinfo , cochrane reviews , web of science , medline and british humanities index databases.
seventeen studies were included in the review , including those related to literary , performing and visual arts.
conclusion : the existent literature suggests that arts activities are helpful interventions within dementia care.
the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cb ( level and change ) and smc over a 10-year span.
result : both the level of personal mastery and perceived constraints predicted smc.
long-term changes in perceived constraints , but not in personal mastery , also predicted smc.
no age difference was found for the effects of cb ( age × cb ) on smc.
with aging visual feedback becomes increasingly relevant in action control.
consequently , visual device and task characteristics should more and more affect tool use.
both display size and age affected pointing performance , but the two variables did not interact and aiming duration moderated both effects.
furthermore , task difficulty affected the pointing durations of middle-aged adults moreso than those of young adults.
again , aiming duration accounted for the variance in the data.
the onset of an age-related decline in aiming duration can be clearly located in middle adulthood.
thus , the fine psychomotor ability \ "aiming \ " is a moderator and predictor for age-related differences in pointing tasks.
the results support a user-specific design for small technical devices with touch interfaces.
the biomechanics literature contains many well-understood mechanisms behind typical fracture types that have important roles in treatment planning.
thus , a causal relationship between these drugs and atypical fracture has not been established.
this review examines the mechanisms behind the bone tissue damage that may produce the atypical fracture pattern observed increasingly with long-term bisphosphonate use.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is one of the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders.
the underlying mechanisms of the characteristic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra ( sn ) are still not fully understood.
we identified a total of @number@ differentially expressed proteins , including alphab-crystallin ( cryab ) .
both the levels and pattern of cryab expression in the sn were validated.
it was revealed that cryab was markedly upregulated in the sn of pd brain.
cryab expression was also upregulated in reactive astrocytes and microglia in a neurotoxin-induced mouse pd model.
moreover , we showed increased expression of cryab in cytoplasmic inclusions in a subset of glial cells in parkinsonian brain.
the cellular prion protein ( prp ( c ) ) is an ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein that is most abundant in the central nervous system.
it is thought to play a role in many cellular processes , including neuroprotection , but may also contribute to alzheimer's disease and some cancers.
objective : to analyze the relationship between st and clinical and demographic factors in a sample of patients treated with rul-ub ect.
methods : clinical , demographic and ect data from @number@ patients in ect research studies were examined.
seizure threshold was titrated at the first ect session.
medications taken at the time of st titration were documented.
the association between st and candidate predictor variables was examined with regression analysis.
results : multiple regression analyses showed that @percent@ of the variance in st ( p < @number@ ) could be predicted.
conclusions : empirical titration is recommended for accurate determination of st in patients receiving rul-ub ect.
novel findings of this study are that propofol anaesthesia resulted in higher st than thiopentone and concomitant treatment with lithium treatment lowered st.
hallux valgus ( hv ) related pain and disability remains a medical challenge to date.
we have evaluated the therapeutic effect of intramuscular botulinum toxin type a ( btx-a ) injection on painful hv in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
the secondary outcome measurement was the hv angle.
patients were assessed at baseline and at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after treatment.
the demographic data and measurements were comparable between the two groups at baseline ( p > 0.05 ) .
btx-a and ns reduced pain and disability one month after injection.
pain reduction induced by btx-a injection lasted for at least @number@ months while that induced by ns lasted for only @number@ month.
the results reflected that hv-related muscle injection of btx-a resulted in a marked reduction in pain for up to @number@ months.
objective : to describe the acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustment ( apa ) in healthy adults during standing forward reaching.
design : repeated-measures design subjects / patients : ten healthy subjects.
apas were recorded by electromyography ( emg ) , center of pressure ( cop ) , and kinematic measurements.
repeated measure anova was used to compare the changes of apa among the six blocks.
results : all subjects showed basic apa patterns in the beginning , such as posterior shift of cop and tibialis anterior firing first.
conclusions : the results suggested the acquisition process of apa could be observed after @number@ trials of practice.
further study will need to verify the optimal practice trials in different populations with movement disorders.
objective : rehabilitation has been reported to improve pain and disability for patients after lumbar surgery.
however , studies to investigate the rehabilitation intervention for lumbar decompression surgery during hospitalization are scarce.
the aim of this study was to examine outcomes of perioperative rehabilitation intervention for patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery ( lds ) .
the pg received rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization for lumbar decompression surgery.
two-way repeated measures anovas were used for statistical analysis.
results : a total of @number@ patients scheduled for decompression surgery for lumbar stenosis were enrolled into the study.
single-voxel mrs was performed in the l5 vertebral body of @number@ subjects ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) .
mrs measurements were performed at multiple tes.
the t2 -weighted fat fraction was calculated at each te.
in addition , a t2 correction was performed to obtain the pdff and the t2 value of water ( t2w ) was calculated.
the implications of the t2 correction were investigated by studying the age dependence of the t2 -weighted fat fractions and the pdff.
compared with the pdff , all t2 -weighted fat fractions significantly overestimated the fat fraction.
for women , a negative association between the t2 value of bone marrow water and pdff was found.
all three displayed a severely disturbed ossification of the skull and multiple fractures with prenatal onset.
the 7-year-old boy had short stature and craniofacial malformations including macrocephaly , midface hypoplasia , micrognathia , frontal bossing , and down-slanting palpebral fissures.
background & aims : risk for colorectal cancer ( crc ) can be greatly reduced through screening.
results : we identified a crc genetic risk score that independently predicted which patients in the training set would develop crc.
a model that included a genetic risk score better determined the recommended starting age for screening in subjects with and without family histories of crc.
similar trends were observed in women.
conclusions : by incorporating information on crc risk alleles , we created a model to determine the risk for crc more accurately.
this model might be used to develop screening and prevention strategies.
claims of accelerated or premature aging are frequently made.
however , the lack of standard criteria for measuring speed of aging makes such claims highly questionable.
however , a clinical phenotype of aging exists that is experienced by all living individuals and is pervasive across multiple physiologic systems.
the family cohort consisted of parents of age @number@ or above and their children ranging in age from @number@ to @number@
as a quantitative measure of healthy aging , we used a frailty index , called fi34 , based on @number@ health and function variables.
the linkage scan found a single significant linkage peak on chromosome @number@
these healthy-aging sites ( hass ) are located in intergenic regions at 12q13-14.
has-1 has been previously associated with multiple diseases , and an enhancer was recently mapped and experimentally validated within the site.
has-2 is a previously uncharacterized site possessing genomic features suggestive of enhancer activity.
has-3 contains features associated with polycomb repression.
the hass also contain variants associated with exceptional longevity , based on a separate analysis.
our results provide insight into functional genomic networks involving non-coding regulatory elements that are involved in healthy aging and longevity.
at baseline , clinical and demographic data were collected.
patients were then administered with peg-ifn / rbv therapy for @number@ weeks.
after a 24-week follow-up period , svr was evaluated.
also , increased glucose plasma level negatively correlated with svr ( aor = 0.98 , p = 0.066 ) .
use of peg-ifn / rbv with novel direct antiviral agents will likely be still maintained until less expensive and effective interferon-free strategies become available.
introduction : diabetes is an increasing problem among old people as well as being a contributing factor in their need for institutional care.
comorbidity and use of medication is often greater among people with than without diabetes.
the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in icelandic nursing homes over the period 2003-2012.
results : mean age from @number@ ( sd @number@ ) to @number@ years ( sd @number@ ) and women were @percent@ to @percent@.
number of residents with diabetes increased from @percent@ in the year @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p≤0 , 001 ) .
mean age of residents with diabetes in the year @number@ was @number@ compared to @number@ years for others.
residents with diabetes had more skin problems , used more medication , their cognitive performance was better and their involvement in activities greater.
they were more likely to have hypertension , arteriosclerotic heart disease , stroke , renal failure , manic depressive disorder , diabetic retinopathy or amputation.
they were however , less likely to have an anxiety disorder , alzheimer's disease or osteoporosis.
diabetes is an increasing problem in nursing homes and therefore an area where more knowledge among staff is needed.
pressure ulcer prevention is an important long-term care ( ltc ) quality indicator.
we , therefore , undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing braden scale predictive and concurrent validity within this context.
we searched the medline , embase , psychinfo and pubmed databases from 1985-2014 for studies containing the requisite information to analyze tool validity.
our initial search yielded @number@ articles.
eleven datasets emanating from nine published studies describing @number@ residents met all meta-analysis inclusion criteria and were analyzed using random effects models.
background : resilience has been identified as a personal construct that may contribute to the process of healthy ageing in older people.
to date , no measurement instrument has been tested to evaluate resilience in chinese older people.
aim : to examine the psychometric testing and clinical application of the chinese version of the resilience scale ( rs ) in chinese older people.
methods : a descriptive cross-sectional study design was used.
forward and backward translation procedures were used to obtain semantic equivalence of the original english version of the rs.
content validity was examined by identified experts , followed by exploratory factor analysis , item-to-total correlation , cronbach's α coefficients and test-retest reliability.
results : the 25-item chinese version of resilience scale ( rs-cn ) was fully completed by @number@ chinese older people.
cronbach's α for the total chinese version of the revised resilience scale was @number@ with a range of @number@.85-0.89 for the sub-scales.
item-to-total correlation coefficients ranged from @number@ to @number@ and items were excluded with item-to-total correlations coefficients lower than @number@
the test-retest reliability of the total scale was @number@ sub-scale test-retest reliability ranged from @number@ to @number@
the exploratory principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed rs-cn to have a four-factor structure.
conclusion : the rs-cn is a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of the concept of resilience in chinese older people.
the results of this study provide cross-cultural evidence for the potential application of this scale in chinese older people.
pressure ulcers ( pus ) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues , caused by sustained deformations and occur frequently in aged patients.
skin microtopography and stiffness affect the interaction of skin with contact surfaces contributing to pu development.
we simulated immobility in @number@ healthy females ( mean age @number@ years ) .
skin microtopography and stiffness were measured at the pu predilection sites before and after loading.
the structural \ "biological \ " elasticity of the skin decreased significantly at the upper back after loading , but remained unchanged at the heels.
all skin changes recovered after unloading.
results indicate that prolonged loading causes structural skin changes in humans in vivo in pu predilection sites.
the pathogenesis of pus is different at the heels , the sacral and upper back skin.
background : there have been many attempts to search for affordable and effective functional cosmetic ingredients , especially from natural sources.
methods : antioxidant effects of e-ap-sm2001 were determined by measuring free radical scavenging capacity and superoxide dismutase ( sod ) -like activity.
antiwrinkle effects were assessed through the inhibition of hyaluronidase , elastase , collagenase , and matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) -1.
whitening effects were measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay , and by melanin formation test in b16 / f10 melanoma cells.
skin moisturizing effects were detected by mouse skin water content test.
results : e-ap-sm2001 showed potent dpph radical scavenging activity and sod-like effects.
additionally , hyaluronidase , elastase , collagenase , and mmp-1 activities were significantly inhibited by e-ap-sm2001.
we also observed that e-ap-sm2001 effectively reduced melanin production by b16 / f10 melanoma cells and mushroom tyrosinase activities.
furthermore , significant increases in skin water content were detected in e-ap-sm2001- treated mouse skin , as compared with vehicle-treated control skin.
notably , a mask pack containing e-ap-sm2001 showed a > twofold more extensive moisturizing effect compared with one containing saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate.
conclusions : our results suggest that e-ap-sm2001 has adequate antiaging , antiwrinkle , and whitening benefits and skin moisturizing effect.
these effects involve reducing hyaluronidase , elastase , collagenase , and mmp-1 activities , as well as inhibition of melanin production and tyrosinase activities.
therefore , the antioxidant e-ap-sm2001 may serve as a predictable functional ingredient.
frailty is a state of vulnerability that involves an increased risk of adverse events and disability in older adults.
it is a condition with a complex etiology and pathophysiology.
moreover , these programs are valuable interventions in other frailty domains , such as falls and cognitive decline.
physical exercise , in the frail elderly , should be prescribed with a progressive individualized plan and just like other medical treatments.
this effect associated with older age was confirmed by propensity score matching ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.191-7.558 , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : although ecmo adversely impacted survival in a contemporary cohort of adult lung transplant recipients , the negative effect centered on older patients.
our study intent was to assess adolescent regional cerebral blood flow ( rcbf ) as it relates to current and future alcohol use.
the aim was to identify brain-based predictors for initiation of alcohol use and onset of future substance use disorders.
methods : quantitative rcbf was assessed in @number@ adolescents ( age 12-15 ) .
prospective behavioral assessments were conducted annually over a three-year follow-up period to characterize onset of alcohol initiation , future drinking patterns and use disorders.
comparisons amongst use groups ( i.e. , current- , future- , and non-alcohol using adolescents ) identified rcbf associated with initiation of alcohol use.
regression by future drinking patterns identified rcbf predictive of heavier drinking.
survival analysis determined whether or not baseline rcbf predicted later development of use disorders.
communication within these networks is mediated by white matter tracts and is particularly prominent in the frontal lobes for the control and integration of information.
however , the detailed mapping of frontal connections remains incomplete , albeit crucial to an increased understanding of these cognitive functions.
we dissected @number@ tracts including u-shaped fibers.
we further characterized these tracts by measuring their correlation with age and education level.
we reported age-related differences in the microstructural organization of several , specific frontal fiber tracts , but found no correlation with education level.
parents were equally active at both ages in trying to elicit children's help but used different strategies with younger and older toddlers.
with 18-month-olds they used more action-oriented approaches , whereas with 24-month-olds they increased their use of need-oriented approaches.
they also regulated the attention of younger toddlers more , and more often socially approved older toddlers ' helping.
background and aims : we investigated body composition in knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) patients and evaluated its relationship with clinical parameters and radiographic severity.
controls were selected among similar to demographic and hematologic characteristics of patients.
body compositions were assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) .
each patient was clinically evaluated by the western ontario and mcmaster university osteoarthritis index ( womac ) .
in addition , radiographic severity was classified according to kellgren-lawrence's criteria.
furthermore , fat mass and extracellular water levels were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : body composition assessed using bia might be associated with knee oa , and be a noninvasive tool for diagnosis of knee oa.
however , body composition may not be predictive of the progression of knee oa.
autologous bone grafting represents the standard of care for treating bone defects but this biomaterial is unreliable in older patients.
the efficacy of an autograft can be traced back to multipotent stem cells residing within the bone graft.
aging attenuates the viability and function of these stem cells , leading to inconsistent rates of bony union.
we show that age-related changes in autograft efficacy are caused by a loss in endogenous wnt signaling.
the bioengineered autograft exhibits significantly better survival in the hosting site.
mesenchymal and skeletal stem cell populations in the autograft are activated by l-wnt3a and mitotic activity and osteogenic differentiation are significantly enhanced.
in a spinal fusion model , aged autografts treated with l-wnt3a demonstrate superior bone forming capacity compared to the standard of care.
even though declines in sensorimotor performance during healthy aging have been documented extensively , its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.
the thalamus , putamen , caudate and pallidum of @number@ participants across the adult lifespan ( ages 20-79 years ) were automatically segmented.
results showed widespread age-related global and subregional atrophy , as well as some notable subregional expansion.
objective : pericardial fat may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) by increasing circulating levels of inflammation and hemostasis biomarkers.
incident cvd event was defined as any adjudicated cvd event.
conclusion : pericardial fat was associated with several inflammation and hemostasis biomarkers.
the association of pericardial fat with incident cvd events was independent of these biomarkers only among hispanic americans.
we explored the potential combined involvement of abo and ace variations in the genetic susceptibility of @number@ ad cases compared with @number@ nondemented elderly.
including the effects of abo haplotype did not provide any evidence for the genetic association of ace with ad.
exome sequencing revealed mutations in optn , spg11 , dj1 , plekhg5 , syne1 , trpm7 , and sqstm1 genes , many of them novel.
the spectrum of mutations reflect both the distinct genetic background and the heterogeneous nature of the turkish als population.
oocyte number and quality decrease with advancing age.
thus , fecundity decreases as age increases , with a more rapid decline after the mid-30s.
patients more than @number@ years old should receive prompt evaluation for causes of infertility after no more than @number@ months of attempted conception.
patients with abnormal tests of ovarian reserve have a poorer prognosis and may need more expedited and aggressive treatment.
although oocyte donation is the best method to overcome age-related infertility , other treatment options may help women proceed quicker toward pregnancy.
patients at an advanced age should be counseled and evaluated before undergoing infertility treatments.
aging usually decreases the ability to understand language under difficult listening conditions.
however , aging is also associated with increased between-subject variability.
the participants responded when prices of a target company exceeded specific values , while ignoring all other companies.
high-performing older adults differed in increased allocation of attention and inhibitory control ( indicated by a stronger p2-n2 complex ) from their low-performing counterparts.
the results are consistent with the idea of an adjustment of mental resources that could help compensating potential deficiencies in peripheral and central auditory processing.
social network types have been proved to have significant impacts on older population's health outcomes.
our results demonstrate that there are strong reciprocal associations between these two factors.
an evolutionary conserved response of cells to proteotoxic stress is the organized sequestration of misfolded proteins into subcellular deposition sites.
ipod is perivacuolar and predominantly sequesters amyloidogenic proteins.
the organized aggregation of misfolded proteins is proposed to serve several purposes collectively increasing cellular fitness and survival under proteotoxic stress.
regulated protein aggregation thus serves cytoprotective functions vital for the maintenance of cell integrity and survival even under adverse stress conditions and during aging.
although it is nearly @number@ years , since its first pathological identification , there is no effective cure against such aging-associated health concern.
representative examples included the new roles of osteocytes in bone homeostasis and endocrine functions.
additionally , the muscular and nervous system also seem to play a regulatory role in bone homeostasis.
after all , these new findings have paved novel directions in osteoporosis research.
we examined the contribution of age , body composition , and putative genetic sources to the interindividual variation of srage.
its plasma levels were measured in @number@ apparently healthy individuals from @number@ nuclear families.
statistical analysis revealed that all the aforementioned factors are statistically significantly associated with srage levels.
however , of special interest was the highly significant and previously not reported independent correlation with fat free mass ( p < 0.001 ) .
clearly , identifying the metabolic pathways and specific genetic factors is the next important stage in this research area.
objective : inflammatory processes are putative mechanisms underlying the detrimental health effects of sedentary behaviour but no long-term prospective data are available.
we examined the longitudinal association between tv viewing , physical activity and inflammatory markers over a 4-year follow-up period.
methods : participants were @number@ men and women ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
self-reported daily tv viewing was measured at baseline and @number@ years follow up.
conclusions : physical activity and sedentary behaviour have contrasting associations with markers of low grade inflammation over @number@ years of follow-up.
these behaviours may be important in influencing the pro-inflammatory state seen with ageing.
in this study we related these three dietary patterns to incident alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
discussion : high adherence to all three diets may reduce ad risk.
moderate adherence to the mind diet may also decrease ad risk.
manual muscle testing and computed tomography scan assessment of lean tissue are other tools that show promise in correlating functional and nutrition assessments.
functional assessment parameters may be least well correlated with nutrition status in older individuals.
results : significant worsening occurred in all age groups on all outcomes over time.
the older groups scored 2-3 , 2-5 , and 4-6 points better than the younger groups at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
there were similar differences across age groups for the mmse , but not for the cdr-sb.
the clinical interpretation of change on the adas-cog or mmse differs depending on age.
moreover , little is known regarding the ways in which the broader public views and enhances aging with dignity and independence with their older residents.
the findings invoke a new paradigm for community aging that highlights the unique contributions of older adults as a core social resource.
implications for mobilizing community action to promote aging with dignity and independence are discussed.
variations in sex hormones influence bone health in men.
aging in men is associated with a decrease in testosterone ( t ) levels.
we examined @number@ men aged 65-88 years and assessed total serum t concentrations.
total serum t < @number@ ng / dl was used as the threshold for biochemical t deficiency.
all measured bone parameters were higher in the normal serum t group ( p < @number@ ) .
multiple regression analysis revealed that serum t was an independent predictor of both qus at the calcaneus and phalangeal pbmd.
our data indicate that t is an independent determinant of qus at the os calcis and pbmd at the phalanges in elderly spanish men.
aging disrupts skin barrier function and induces xerosis accompanied by pruritus.
to date , the pathophysiology and mechanism of action of ape have not been elucidated.
untreated rats were used as a control ( no-treatment [ nt ] group ) .
induction of expression and secretion of ngfβ and elongation of c-fibers into the epidermis were found in the hypo group.
in contrast , secretion of ngfβ was significantly lower and elongation of c-fibers was not observed in the iso group.
these results suggest that hypo-osmotic shock-induced inflammatory reactions promote hypersensitivity to pruritus in skin with disrupted barrier function.
methods : the @number@ inhibitory functions were measured using a sequential flanker task.
in the access trials , flankers were either ahead of the current target or unrelated.
in the deletion trials , flankers were previous target items.
in the restraint trials , the flanker cues ( xxxx ) prompted the participants to withhold responses occasionally.
unflanked trials served as the baseline condition.
results : age-related differences in the magnitude of inhibition effects were largest in restraint , followed by deletion.
no age-related differences were observed in access.
background : the assessment of mobility is essential to both aging research and clinical geriatric practice.
the outcome of interest was the first occurrence of mmd or incident mmd.
conclusions : the mat-sf is a quick and efficient way of identifying older adults at risk for mmd.
background : irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is common with prevalence reported between @number@ and @number@ %.
ibs clusters in families but it is unknown whether this is explained by a common environment , genes , or both.
if early-life factors are important , ibs might be expected to demonstrate a birth cohort phenomenon.
aim : to investigate whether there is a birth cohort phenomenon for subjects with ibs.
birth cohorts were chosen a priori based on historical national trends in birth weights using 10-year increments.
results : a total of @number@ surveys were completed with an overall survey response rate of @number@ %.
the survey responders were between @number@ and @number@ years of age and @number@ % were female.
the overall prevalence of ibs was @number@ % ( @number@ % ci @date@ @number@ ) .
the univariate association of ibs with birth cohort was significant ( p < @number@ ) as was the association adjusted for age and gender.
conclusions : population-based data support a possible birth cohort phenomenon in ibs.
if correct , early-life risk factors likely play a key role in the development of ibs.
background : emergency room ( er ) visits and hospitalizations of elderly subjects with chronic comorbidities , often disabled , are increasing.
functional disability was defined as the dependence for two or more adls or iadls.
discussion : disability is associated with increased risk of er visits , but not of subsequent hospitalization in community-dwelling elderly , independent of clinical conditions.
dedicated studies are needed to evaluate the impact of social interventions for disabled elderly on er access rates.
unlabelled : due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities , artichoke ( cynara scolymus ) has been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases.
cynaropicrin ( cyn ) , a sesquiterpene lactone , is the major bioactive phytochemical in the artichoke ; however , its pharmacological mechanism remains unknown.
cyn also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin @number@ and tumor necrosis factor-α from uvb-treated keratinocytes.
our findings demonstrate that cyn is a potent activator of the ahr-nrf2-nqo1 pathway , and could therefore be applied to prevention of uvb-induced photo aging.
background : japan has the fastest aging society in the world.
older patients have a different stroke risk profile and different stroke features compared with younger patients.
furthermore , more severe symptoms on arrival and worse functional outcomes were observed with increasing age.
the frequency of hypertension increased with age , peaking in patients in their 70s , and decreasing slightly thereafter.
the frequency of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia peaked in patients in their 50s or 60s and gradually decreased thereafter.
conclusion : the findings of the present study suggest that in the currently aging society , cardioembolic stroke is the most important stroke subtype.
the roles of hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and hyperlipidemia are greatest in stroke patients in their 50s to 60s.
in older patients , the role of atrial fibrillation is more significant.
design : @number@ subjects aged 45-65 years with kellgren-lawrence scores @date@ in the study knee were selected.
to create a reference database , a logarithmic transformation was applied to the data to obtain the 5th-95th percentile values for t2.
results : significant differences in mean cartilage t2 values were observed between joint compartments.
while cartilage t2 values were weakly associated with age and gender , they had the highest correlations with bmi.
background : malnutrition is highly prevalent in the elderly.
it is related to biological , functional and psychosocial aging factors.
the objective was to investigate the association between family dysfunction ( fd ) and malnutrition in the elderly.
methods : cross sectional study.
we calculated odds ratio ( or ) with a @number@ % confidence interval ( ci ) .
the variables were compared using chi-square.
furthermore , these nanoparticles promote bone accretion in young mice in vivo.
we have now investigated the capacity of these nanoparticles to reverse bone loss in aged mice , a model of human senile osteoporosis.
aged mice received nanoparticles weekly and bone mineral density ( bmd ) , bone structure , and bone turnover were quantified.
our data revealed a significant increase in bmd , bone volume , and biochemical markers of bone formation.
biochemical and histological examinations failed to identify any abnormalities caused by nanoparticle administration.
our studies demonstrate that silica nanoparticles effectively blunt and reverse age-associated bone loss in mice by a mechanism involving promotion of bone formation.
the data suggest that osteogenic silica nanoparticles may be a safe and effective therapeutic for counteracting age-associated bone loss.
from the clinical editor : osteoporosis poses a significant problem in the society.
the results showed that intra-peritoneal injections of silica nanoparticles could increase bone mineral density , with little observed toxic side effects.
this novel method may prove important in future therapy for combating osteoporosis.
unlabelled : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a major cause of pain and disability in the us.
a problem with early intervention is that it is very difficult to detect oa before irreversible damage has already occurred.
this study characterizes a novel method of early oa detection in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis ( ptoa ) using fluorescent nanosomes.
in this investigation , knee injury was induced in mice by compressive loading.
nanosomes encapsulating fluorescent dye and conjugated to collagen type ii antibody were utilized to detect cartilage damage in vivo.
cartilage damage and oa progression were detected by the use of fluorescence-imaging ( ivis ) and histopathology.
histopathology analyses showed that mild osteoarthritic changes had occurred.
this corresponded with a higher fluorescence on ivis imaging due to more nanosome binding.
these results suggest that theragnostic nanosomes may be useful for detection of early ptoa as well as for targeted delivery of interventional agents.
from the clinical editor : with the aging population , osteoarthritis now poses a significant problem worldwide.
early detection may help slow the progression of the disease.
in this study , the authors described the use of fluorescent nanosomes to detect early cartilage damage in a mouse model of osteoarthritis.
this detection method may also prove to be useful for targeted delivery of drugs in the future.
our aging population is rapidly growing and accounts for @percent@ of critical care patients and @percent@ of medical-surgical patients in the hospital.
these acutely ill patients are challenging to frontline nurses because they frequently have multiple chronic conditions.
this article empowers frontline nurses to develop gerontological skills and meet the unique needs of our aging population.
the present experiment aimed to explore the interindividual variability in chemosensory abilities among the elderly population.
the chemosensory abilities of @number@ subjects , aged from @number@ to @number@ years , were evaluated.
the results revealed that @percent@ of the sample presented well-preserved chemosensory abilities , whereas @percent@ of the participants presented a moderate impairment.
factors that lead to increased dependence ( such as poor health ) also lead to an impairment in chemosensory performance.
background : low health literacy is common among aging patients and is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality.
we aimed to describe health literacy decline during aging and to investigate the roles of cognitive function and decline in determining health literacy decline.
methods : data were from @number@ non-cognitively impaired adults aged ≥ @number@ years in the english longitudinal study of ageing.
results : overall , @percent@ ( @number@ , 032 / 5 , 256 ) of participants declined in health literacy score over the follow-up.
conclusions : health literacy decline appeared to increase with age , and was associated with even subtle cognitive decline in older non-impaired adults.
striking social inequalities were evident , whereby men and those from minority and deprived backgrounds were particularly vulnerable to literacy decline.
health practitioners must be able to recognize limited health literacy to ensure that clinical demands match the literacy skills of diverse patients.
half of the words had a high nof and the other half had a low nof.
young adults ( @number@ years ) and older adults ( @number@ years ) performed a lexical decision task.
an interaction was found between age group and nof on word latencies.
more precisely , a facilitatory effect of nof was observed for the young adults , but not for the older ones.
these data are consistent with the assumption of an age-related decline in feedback activation from semantics to orthography.
increased brain iron levels may be a risk factor for age-related neurologic disorders.
little is known about factors other than age and sex potentially affecting brain iron concentration.
brain iron levels appear to be modulated by diet , with effects being highly dependent on gender.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving impaired cholinergic neurotransmission and dysregulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nachrs ) .
ly-6 / neurotoxin ( lynx ) proteins have been shown to modulate cognition and neural plasticity by binding to nachr subtypes and modulating their function.
hence , changes in nachr regulatory proteins such as lynx proteins could underlie the dysregulation of nachrs in ad.
we further showed that psca forms stable complexes with the α4 nachr subunit and decreases nicotine-induced extracellular-signal regulated kinase phosphorylation in pc12 cells.
in contrast , no changes in lypd6 levels were detected.
results suggest that a brief version of the gpg can be administered reliably and that this short form has high test-retest and interrater reliability.
number of perseverations was higher in individuals with ad as compared with oas.
finally , perseverations were associated with nonmemory indexes , thereby underscoring the nonverbal nature of this error in oas and individuals with ad.
its close proximity with the anterior incisors affects one's ability to place immediate implants in ideal position.
objective : to avoid causing complication , variations in their dimensions were studied.
material and methods : images of ninety mongoloids patients examined with i-cat cone beam computed tomography were included.
the sizes of the nasopalatine foramen , the incisive canal and foramen , and anterior maxillary bone thickness were measured.
the direction and course of the canals were assessed.
the incisive canal was @time@ long and @number@ mm wide.
the anterior maxillary bone has an average thickness of @number@ mm.
the dimensions of the incisive foramen and incisive canal , and anterior maxillary bone thickness demonstrated gender differences with males showing greater values.
the anterior maxillary bone thickness was affected by age but this difference was not observed in canal dimensions.
the majority of subjects have a funnel shape-like incisive canal with the broader opening located at its superior.
they seem to have a longer slanted-curve canal with one channel at its middle portion and a narrower incisive foramen opening than those reported elsewhere.
male generally had bigger ic and thicker anterior bone.
methods : this study assessed the effectiveness of the internet intervention ' mastery over dementia'.
in a rct , @number@ caregivers , of whom six were lost at baseline , were randomly assigned to two groups.
all data were collected via the internet , and an intention-to-treat analysis was carried out.
results : almost all caregivers were spouses or children ( in-law ) .
they were predominantly female and lived with the care recipient in the same household.
age of the caregivers varied from @number@ to @number@ years.
level of education varied from primary school to university , with almost half of them holding a bachelor's degree or higher.
effect sizes were moderate for symptoms of anxiety ( @number@ ) and small for depressive symptoms ( @number@ ) .
the findings are even more promising because future generations of family caregivers will be more familiar with the internet.
trial registration : dutch trial register ntr-2051 www.trialregister.nl / trialreg / admin / rctview.asp ? tc = 2051.
to better understand some aspects of bone matrix glycation , we used an in vitro glycation approach.
25-30 years of the natural in vivo glycation.
cortical and cancellous bones from human tibias were glycated in vitro using either glucose ( glucosylation ) or ribose ( ribosylation ) .
notably , glycation of cortical bone from older donors led to much higher ages levels as compared to young donors.
such efficient in vitro glycation of older cortical bone could result from aging-related increase in porosity caused by the loss of mineral content.
in addition , more pronounced glycation in vivo would be driven by elevated oxidation processes.
interestingly , the levels of pen formation differed pronouncedly between glucosylation and ribosylation.
ribosylation generated very high levels of pen ( approx.
6- vs. @number@.5-fold higher pen level than in glucosylated samples ) .
kinetic studies of ages and pen formation in human cortical and cancellous bone matrix confirmed higher accumulation of fluorescent crosslinks for ribosylation.
introduction : attendance at emergency departments and unplanned hospital readmissions are common for frail older patients after discharge from hospitals.
matched control patients were those recruited from the hospital providing usual care.
wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared the changes in the outcome variables between groups.
results : a total of @number@ patients in each of the two groups were recruited.
cancer is a major health problem that is widespread in elderly people.
paradoxically , older people suffering from cancer are often excluded from clinical trials and are undertreated when compared to younger patients.
one explanation for these observations is age stigma ( ie , stereotypes linked to age , and thus ageism ) .
these stigmas can result in deleterious consequences for elderly people's mental and physical health in \ "normal \ " aging.
what , then , is the impact in a pathological context , such as oncology ?
moreover , health care professionals ' attitudes can be tainted with ageism , thus leading to undesirable consequences for patients.
clinical examinations , physical tests and questionnaires will be administered to all participants at baseline , and after @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
participants will also be followed up by linking to health registries until year @number@
ethics and dissemination : the study has been conducted according to the spirit statement.
all participants signed a written consent form , and the study has been approved by the regional committee for medical research ethics , norway.
trial registration number : clinicaltrials.gov nct01666340.
dermal fibroblasts provide a paradigmatic model of cellular adaptation to long-term exogenous stress and ageing processes driven thereby.
here we addressed whether fibroblast ageing analysedex vivo entails genome instability.
dermal fibroblasts from human female donors aged 20-67 years were studied in primary culture at low population doubling.
under these conditions , the incidence of replicative senescence and rates of age-correlated telomere shortening were insignificant.
objective : serum insulin-like growth factor @number@ ( igf-1 ) concentration decreases , while the prevalence of depressive symptoms increases with advancing age.
although basic research indicates a link between low igf-1 concentration and depression , this has scarcely been investigated in humans.
this study investigates whether lower igf-1 concentrations are associated with prevalent and incident late-life depression over a 3-year period.
serum igf-1 concentration was determined at baseline.
associations were adjusted for relevant confounders.
results : serum igf-1 concentrations were within the normal range ( mean @number@ nmol / l , standard deviation @number@ nmol / l ) .
at three-year follow-up , in men , no significant prospective associations were detected.
conclusions : several associations , which differed across the genders , were observed between igf-1 and depression.
however , a more acute role of igf-1 in current depression , as indicated by the cross-sectional results , may be possible.
further studies are needed to elucidate the complex relation between igf-1 and late-life depression.
spontaneous coronary artery dissection ( scad ) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.
it occurs most commonly in otherwise healthy women during pregnancy or the postpartum period.
the true incidence of scad is underestimated , as most cases are diagnosed at autopsy.
the pathophysiology of scad is still not fully understood , and its management can be challenging.
the diagnosis was established by coronary artery angiography.
however , the patient died following cardiac tamponade.
this study highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and subsequent lifesaving treatment.
down syndrome ( ds ) entails an increased risk of many chronic diseases that are typically associated with older age.
the percentage of elderly persons is rapidly growing.
physical disability is one of the main age-related diseases which affect life quality.
therefore , the aim of this study was to investigate the status of aforementioned parameters in elderly physically disabled patients vs. healthy ones.
decrease in serum zn and se levels , low bmd , and increase in czr and oxidative stress were observed in physically disabled patients.
it seems that czr is more reliable parameter than the others to discriminate the physically disabled patients than the healthy persons.
it is generally considered that parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons.
isai consisted of 30- to 60-minute sessions for up to @number@ consecutive days.
there was no evidence of a significant treatment effect on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
conclusion : findings suggest that individualized social activities are a promising treatment for cognitively impaired geriatric inpatients.
previous studies showed that aged nk cells are less cytotoxic and exhibit impaired maturation compared to young nk cells.
we confirmed that aged mice have a significant decrease in the frequency of mature nk cells in all lymphoid organs.
impaired nk cell maturation in aged mice correlated with a reduced capacity to eliminate allogeneic and b16 tumor targets in vivo.
this could be explained by impaired degranulation , particularly by mature nk cells of aged mice.
mixed bm chimeras revealed that the nonhematopoietic environment was a key determinant of nk cell maturation and t-bet and eomes expression.
overall , our data suggest that the aged nonhematopoietic environment is responsible for the impaired maturation and function of nk cells.
defining these nonhematopoietic factors could have important implications for improving nk cell function in the elderly.
organisms have to cope with an unpredictable and dynamic environment.
it is crucial for any living being to respond to these changes by buffering the effects on cellular homeostasis.
failure to appropriately respond to stress can have severe consequences for health and survival.
eukaryotic cells possess several organelle-specific stress responses to cope with this challenge.
intriguingly , many of these effects seem to be controlled by only a subset of cells implying a systemic regulation in a cell non-autonomous manner.
methods : this was a prospective study.
pure-tone test and tympanometry were performed @number@ h before and @number@ week after gd administration.
no significant changes in pure-tone test or tympanometry were noted.
objective : previous research has revealed poor oral hygiene and health among older people suffering from dementia.
method : ninety-three older people living in four long-term care homes in south-western germany were included in this longitudinal cohort study.
differences between all target variables from baseline to follow-up , and between participants with and without dementia , were evaluated by bivariate and multivariate testing.
in participants without dementia , only for dhi ( p < @number@ ) a significant improvement was observed.
in multivariate analyses , the significant association could not be reproduced ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : use of ultrasonic baths can be a successful means for improving denture hygiene among older people in long-term care with and without dementia.
divergent evolution of mammals also led to extensive changes in gene expression within and between lineages.
these findings provide direct insights into how nature reversibly adjusts lifespan and other traits during adaptive radiation of lineages.
older adults have surprisingly high levels of well-being , which has been referred to as a paradox in the past.
improved emotion regulation has been suggested to underlie these high levels of well-being.
later life is also a period with enhanced exposure to critical life events , and this comes with risks.
during such times , and towards the end of life , emotional well-being may and eventually does decline.
we suggest that ambulatory assessment ( aa ) is ideally suited for the investigation of the above phenomena and for intervention purposes.
it thereby provides a basis for understanding competent emotion regulation , the well-being paradox , and emotionally critical periods.
such insights can be utilized to detect person-specific critical periods and for designing immediate person-specific interventions.
although this is still a vision , the benefits of such an approach seem invaluable.
purpose : to investigate the correlation between aqueous flare values and central visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) .
design : retrospective , observational case series.
methods : we retrospectively studied @number@ patients diagnosed with typical rp and @number@ control subjects.
aqueous flare values were measured by laser flare cell meter.
conclusions : aqueous flare is increased in rp patients and negatively correlates with central visual function.
these results suggest a close relationship between inflammation and central vision loss in rp.
lung cancer accounts for more cancer deaths than breast , prostate , colorectal and pancreatic cancer combined.
the utility of postmortem microbiology has continuously been a topic of controversy.
the present study describes a case of fatal sepsis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
postmortem culture and genotyping analyses allowed us to identify klebsiella pneumoniae as the cause of sepsis , revealing the inadequateness of antimicrobial therapy.
obesity is associated with both structural and functional changes of the central nervous system.
parameters of diffusivity and anisotropy are used to evaluate white matter and fibre integrity as well as axonal and myelin degeneration.
fractional anisotropy ( fa ) is the most commonly used parameter as it is the best estimate of fibre integrity.
the focus of this review was on the relationship between obesity and brain alterations assessed by dti.
furthermore , significant interactions were observed between bmi and age , pointing to accelerated ageing of white matter structure in obese.
the first-line treatment of hyperuricemia , which causes gout , is allopurinol.
the allopurinol response is highly variable , with many users failing to achieve target serum uric acid ( sua ) levels.
no genome-wide association study ( gwas ) has examined the genetic factors affecting allopurinol effectiveness.
isotopic uptake studies in cells demonstrated that bcrp transports allopurinol and genetic variants in abcg2 affect this transport.
collectively , this first gwas of allopurinol response demonstrates that abcg2 is a key determinant of response to the drug.
we conclude that chronic or discretionary exposure to ira could play a role that is more important than expected in premature skin aging.
zinc oxide nanoparticles ( zno nps ) potentially undergo physicochemical transformation in the environment , which may lead to unexpected environmental and health risks.
the \ "aging \ " process is essential for better understanding the toxicity and fate of nps in the environment.
however , the mutagenic effects of aged zno nps are still unexplored.
there is an evidence gap to ensuring safe / effective use of medicines in older adults.
generating clinical data in these patients poses ethical and operational challenges , yielding results that may not be generalizable to the overall population.
modeling and simulation ( m & s ) is proposed as a basis for assessing the impact of age-related changes and their clinical implications.
nontuberculous mycobacteria ( ntm ) are important emerging cystic fibrosis ( cf ) pathogens.
the development of a cf-specific approach to the diagnosis and treatment of ntm infection is a research priority for the cf community.
nevertheless , little is known about the changes that phospholipids undergo during normal adult aging.
this study examined changes in phospholipid composition in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over the adult life span.
these findings suggest a gradual change in membrane lipid composition over the adult life span.
hericium erinaceum is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely used in korea , japan , and china.
among the isolated compounds , ergosterol peroxide ( @number@ ) reduced senescence associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) activity increased in huvecs treated with adriamycin.
this paper therefore investigates the influence of overweight across the life course on levels of these markers at retirement age.
in addition , the fit of different life course models ( sensitive periods / accumulation ) were compared using partial f-tests.
conclusions : overweight across the life course has a cumulative influence on adipokines , inflammatory and possibly endothelial markers.
avoidance of overweight from adolescence onwards is likely important for cardiovascular disease prevention.
adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) therapies have been improved by pediatric-like approaches.
however , treatment failures and relapses are common and new markers are needed to identify patients with poor prognosis in prospective trials.
we found a significantly increased expression of p16 ( ink4a ) in bcp-alls with mll rearrangement.
enhanced p16 ( ink4a ) expression was only related to a significantly shorter dfs.
for these patients , our findings argue for the development of therapeutic strategies including the addition of new lymphocyte activation inhibitors to current treatments.
anaemia is a problem that affects almost @percent@ over @number@ years and @percent@ over @number@ years.
there is no physiological anaemia in the elderly.
any anaemia expresses the existence of a pathological process , regardless of its severity.
anaemia in the elderly is always associated with a poor prognosis that is in terms of mortality , morbidity and risk of fragility.
the diagnostic approach to anemia in the elderly is the same as in younger individual.
there are many causes of anaemia ; anaemia balance is a complex diagnostic process.
most anaemias are due to a deficiency , chronic inflammation or comorbidity.
however , in the elderly , the etiology of anaemia is often multifactorial.
in a number of cases remain unexplained anaemia.
in a number of cases , anemia remain unexplained.
in this review are provided summarized literature data on this matter.
accordingly , scale invariance can be a potential marker for health.
we found that limiting the amount of exercise , by removing the running wheels , leads to loss of scale-invariant properties in all age groups.
remarkably , in both young and old animals a lack of exercise reduced the scale invariance in activity fluctuations to the same level.
we next showed that scale invariance can be restored by returning the running wheels.
finally , our data showed that exercise had a stronger influence on scale invariance than the effect of age.
we identified @number@ heteroplasmies ( with an alternative allele frequency of at least @percent@ ) at @number@ positions across the mtdna genome.
all of these tissue-related and allele-related heteroplasmies show a significant age-related accumulation , suggesting positive selection for specific alleles at specific positions in specific tissues.
overall , our results provide compelling evidence for positive selection acting on some somatic mtdna mutations.
repertoire properties can now be studied at large-scale through next-generation sequencing of rearranged ig genes.
current v ( d ) j assignment methods work by aligning sequences to a database of known germline v ( d ) j segment alleles.
here we develop a tool for ig genotype elucidation via rep-seq ( tigger ) .
this information is then used to improve the initial v segment assignments from existing tools , like imgt / highv-quest.
the application of tigger to rep-seq data from seven subjects identified @number@ novel v segment alleles , including at least one in every subject examined.
these results reinforce the highly polymorphic nature of human ig v genes , and suggest that many novel alleles remain to be discovered.
the integration of tigger into rep-seq processing pipelines will increase the accuracy of v segment assignments , thus improving b-cell repertoire analyses.
second , the observed improvement in cv function is attributed both to a reduction in caa formation and a decrease in caa-induced vasomotor impairment.
third , anti-ros therapy attenuates caa-related microhemorrhage.
in total , these data indicate that ros are a key contributor to caa formation , caa-induced vessel dysfunction , and caa-related microhemorrhage.
thus , ros and , in particular , nadph oxidase-derived ros are a promising therapeutic target for patients with caa and ad.
scholars argue about whether age stereotypes ( beliefs about old people ) are becoming more negative or positive over time.
no previous study has systematically tested the trend of age stereotypes over more than @number@ years , due to lack of suitable data.
we hypothesized that age stereotypes have increased in negativity due , in part , to the increasing medicalization of aging.
this yielded @number@ collocates that were rated for negativity and medicalization.
we found that age stereotypes have become more negative in a linear way over @number@ years.
in @number@ age stereotypes switched from being positive to being negative.
in addition , support was found for two potential explanations.
the upward trajectory of age-stereotype negativity makes a case for remedial action on a societal level.
inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein ( rb ) has a key role in tumorigenesis.
it is well established that rb function is largely regulated by a dynamic balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
we further show that rb-mediated cell cycle arrest and rb-induced premature cellular senescence are effectively inhibited by pin1 expression.
in addition , dna damage induces rb dephosphorylation in a pp2a-dependent manner , and this process is inhibited by pin1.
furthermore , the overexpression of pin1 promotes rb hyperphosphorylation upon s-phase dna damage.
importantly , both the pin1 ww domain and isomerase activity are required for its effect on s-phase checkpoint.
moreover , the overexpression of pin1 is correlated with rb hyperphosphorylation in breast cancer biopsies.
there is mounting research to suggest that cognitive and motor expertise is more resistant to age-related decline than more general capacities.
participants performed basketball free throws and dart throws as a transfer task under standardized conditions.
motor performance ( accuracy ) and perceptual performance ( quiet eye ) were examined across the four groups.
there were significant differences between skill groups and age groups in throwing accuracy on both throwing tasks.
skilled players outperformed less skilled and medium-aged players outperformed older-aged players in basketball and dart throws.
there were no significant differences in quiet eye duration across the skill or age groups in either task.
objectives : multimorbidity , the presence of multiple chronic medical conditions , is particularly prevalent in older adults.
results : factor analysis indicated a one factor structure for disease count was tenable , although cancer did not appear to fit the model.
therefore , a count of the nine other diseases was used.
disease count was related to increased depressive symptoms , anxiety symptoms and negative affect and less positive affect.
all individual diseases including cancer were related to worse mental health as was having two or more conditions.
all the measures of multimorbidity and individual diseases were associated with the increased odds of activity limitations.
conclusions : results support a broader focus for older adults with multimorbidity that includes mental health needs.
head-roll velocity decreased in the blurred-vision condition and marginally increased with gvs in older but not in young participants.
head pitch increased , whereas head-roll velocity decreased in narrow-base walking.
trunk pitch , trunk-pitch velocity , and gait speed increased with gvs , whereas trunk-pitch velocity and gait speed decreased in narrow-base walking.
marginally increased head-roll velocity in the older participants possibly suggests decreased integrative ability of the central nervous system in elderly people.
the changes in head control during narrow-base walking may be an attempt to simplify the interpretation of the vestibular signal and increase otolith sensitivity.
the complexity of controlling the trunk in the mediolateral direction was suggested by different strategies used for trunk control in different conditions.
method : a mixed-methods study was conducted.
second , interviews were conducted with eight social workers and nurses to uncover their perceptions about ad and their burnout experience.
while cognitive illness representations were associated directly to burnout , the association between emotional representations and burnout was mediated by emotion-focused coping.
conclusions : ad illness representations may be a risk factor for developing burnout.
new directions for intervention programs , aiming to reduce burnout , should be examined.
folate is a vitamin that plays a role as a cofactor and coenzyme in many essential reactions.
these reactions are interrelated and any change in folate homeostasis could affect other reactions.
this has raised concern about the potential harmful effect of high folic acid intake and umfa on health conditions such as cognitive dysfunction and cancer.
the intestine , liver and kidneys each play essential roles in regulating body folate homeostasis.
cervical spondylosis can be identified in the majority of people older than @number@ years.
many people with cervical spondylosis or csm are asymptomatic.
after the surgery , she developed tetraplegia.
mri revealed spinal cord compression and injury.
main diagnoses , therapeutics interventions , and outcomes : acute cervical sci was diagnosed.
among the @number@ cases ( including ours ) published in the literature , most patients had cervical spondylosis and were senior men.
five patients had diabetes.
four patients had long-term hemodialysis.
seven patients had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery that requires prolonged operative time.
only @number@ patients had almost complete recovery.
most patients were disabled.
two patients required tracheostomy for long-term ventilator support.
two patients died.
surgeries requiring prolonged neck hyperextension put patients with cervical spondylosis at risk for sci.
failure to recognize the potential occurrence of iatrogenic sci might endanger patients ' lives.
five million americans require admission to icus annually owing to life-threatening illnesses.
this growing population threatens to overwhelm the current u.s. health care system , which lacks established clinical models for managing their care.
novel innovative models are urgently needed.
its mission is to maximize the cognitive , physical , and psychological recovery of icu survivors.
developed around the principles of implementation and complexity science , the ccrc opened in @number@ as a clinical center with a secondary research focus.
not surprisingly , nursing home residents most commonly expected nursing care ( @percent@ ) but @percent@ preferred care provided by family or friends and neighbors.
higher cognitive functioning , symptoms of depression , and living alone increased the willingness to obtain nursing care.
conclusion : older inhabitants of urban areas , rural areas , and those residing in institutions have different expectations for individual nursing care.
nearly @percent@ of seniors living in the community expect to obtain nursing care , while only @percent@ do not expect any social or nursing help.
support for families to take care of elderly relatives would appear to be essential for an effective nursing and social care system.
background : loss of mechanical tension appears to be the major factor underlying decreased collagen synthesis in aged skin.
furthermore , before and after the treatment , clinical evaluations and self-assessment questionnaire were done.
electron microscopy evaluations showed a clear dermal remodeling in relation with the activation of fibroblast activity.
conclusion : mécano-stimulation is a noninvasive and safe technique delivered by flaps microbeats at various frequencies , which can significantly improve the skin trophicity.
results observed with objective measurements , ie , in vitro assessments and electron microscopy , confirm the firming and restructuring effect clinically observed.
purpose : owing to the large aging population , a growing number of elderly patients are undergoing surgical treatment.
surgical procedures in elderly patients are associated with a higher risk of complications.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of urological surgeries in old patients.
methods : the authors carried out a retrospective study , evaluating results and early postoperative complications in patients aged @number@ years and older.
the cohort of patients included @number@ patients who underwent surgical procedures in the department of urology between @date@ and @date@ .
the average age of patients was @number@
the results and complications were categorized based on the type of surgery performed , and the dindo-clavien scale.
results : the median follow-up was @number@ months.
all surgeries for malignant tumors were performed successfully with no residual disease.
totally , @number@ ( @percent@ ) complications were recorded.
the most serious were as follows : one patient ( < 0.5% ) died ; and four ( < 2% ) patients underwent reoperation.
the most common complications involved infection , mainly sepsis and surgical site infections.
other complications included mild respiratory insufficiency , delirium , bleeding , etc.
conclusion : surgeries in elderly patients were effective and safe.
the cornerstone of safety is careful preparation and treatment of comorbidities.
complications occurred mainly as a result of emergency procedures during emergency procedures and in major surgeries such as cystectomy and nephrectomy.
the standard use of low molecular-weight heparin caused no incidence of thromboembolic disease.
genotyping of apoe was determined by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction.
results : apoe ε3ε4 and ε4ε4 genotypes increased ad risk with dosage effect.
however , neither ε2ε2 nor ε2ε4 affected ad risk.
further analysis did not show the dosage effect of ε4 pertinent to aao , though the aao of ε4ε4 patients decreased by @number@ years.
e2 did not affect the aao of ad.
aging is the principal demographic risk factor for alzheimer disease ( ad ) , the most common neurodegenerative disorder.
klotho is a key modulator of the aging process and , when overexpressed , extends mammalian lifespan , increases synaptic plasticity , and enhances cognition.
whether klotho can counteract deficits related to neurodegenerative diseases , such as ad , is unknown.
increasing klotho levels prevented depletion of nmda receptor ( nmdar ) subunits in the hippocampus and enhanced spatial learning and memory in happ mice.
bloom syndrome helicase ( blm ) has key roles in homologous recombination repair , telomere maintenance , and dna replication.
the clinicopathologic significance of blm in sporadic breast cancers is unknown.
blm protein level was evaluated in the nottingham tenovus series comprising @number@ breast tumors.
blm mrna overexpression was associated with poor breast cancer-specific survival ( bcss ; ps < @number@ ) .
at the protein level , altered subcellular localization with high cytoplasmic blm and low nuclear blm was linked to aggressive phenotypes.
in multivariate analysis , blm mrna and blm protein levels independently influenced bcss.
this is the first and the largest study to provide evidence that blm is a promising biomarker in breast cancer.
osteoporosis is increasingly recognised as a health threat in the ageing male.
risk factors for osteoporosis appear to have increased through time.
metacarpal cortical thickness is used as a measure of cortical bone status.
obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases.
this analysis identifies @number@ bmi-associated loci ( p < @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) , @number@ of which are novel.
five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals , and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes.
the @number@ loci account for ∼2.7% of bmi variation , and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for > 20% of bmi variation.
body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes , independent of overall adiposity.
the identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes.
pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis , angiogenesis , transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution , providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
this study explored whether physical activity and sleep , combined with the biomarker c-reactive protein , indexed positive health in older men.
many were former prisoners of war , with most remaining psychologically resilient and free of any psychiatric diagnoses.
activity and sleep were recorded through actigraphy in @number@ veterans ( @number@ resilient and @number@ nonresilient ) for @number@ days.
resilient men had higher physical activity , significantly lower c-reactive protein levels , and @number@ percent had lower cardiac-disease risk compared to nonresilient men.
sleep was adequate and not associated with c-reactive protein.
results suggest continued study is needed in actigraphy and c-reactive protein as means to index positive health.
baseline characteristics included age , sex , charlson comorbidity index ( cci ) , diagnosis , and interventions ( ercp or cholecystostomy ) at v1.
outcomes assessed over @number@ year were as follows : recurrence ( any er / admission visit following @date@ surgery , complications , and mortality.
a survival analysis using a cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess predictors of recurrence.
results : there were @number@ patients initially treated non-operatively at v1.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ were male , and the mean cci was @number@ ± @number@
at @date@ @percent@ had a diagnosis of biliary colic or cholecystitis , while @percent@ had a diagnosis of cholangitis , pancreatitis , or choledocholithiasis.
@percent@ underwent ercp or cholecystostomy.
excluding @number@ patients who died at @date@ @percent@ of patients had a recurrence over the study period.
among these , @percent@ had emergency surgery , @percent@ had complications , and @percent@ died.
median time to first recurrence was @number@ months ( range @number@ days-4.8 months ) .
intervention at @date@ was associated with a lower probability of recurrence ( hr @number@ ci [ @number@ @date@ ] ) .
conclusion : one-third of elderly patients will develop a recurrence following non-operative management of symptomatic biliary disease.
these recurrences are associated with significant rates of emergency surgery and morbidity.
percutaneous or endoscopic therapies may decrease the risk of recurrence.
this study evaluates health status among elderly residents in urban china and medical insurance schemes for them.
a total of @number@ urban elderly individuals aged @number@ years or above in @number@ cities were interviewed.
among different groups , the inpatient reimbursement rate ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ , and the outpatient reimbursement rate was between @percent@ and @percent@.
background : nurses have the key roles to detect delirium in hospitalized older patients but under-recognition of delirium among nurses is prevalent.
baseline characteristics were collected.
delirium was rated by a trained clinical researcher using the cam-icu.
demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the outcomes.
results : delirium occurred in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) .
nurses could not identify delirium in @number@ % of patients compared with researchers.
pre-existing dementia and depression were found in @number@ % of patients.
pneumonia or other causes of respiratory failure were the most common causes of admission to icu ( @number@ % ) .
discussion : under-recognition of delirium is a frequent issue.
new independent factors associated with under-recognition were identified.
awareness of delirium in the patients with these factors is recommended.
conclusions : this study supports the finding of high under-recognition rates of delirium among hospitalized older adults in icu.
patients with heart failure and receiving benzodiazepines were identified as barriers of recognition of delirium.
frailty has been defined as a geriatric syndrome that results in high vulnerability to health adverse outcomes.
this increased vulnerability state results from dysregulation of multiple physiological systems and its complex interactions.
thus , assessment of physiological systems integrity and of its dynamic interactions seems to be useful in the context of frailty management.
this study investigated the cardiac autonomic modulation by hrv analysis in community-dwelling elderly women classified as non-frail , pre-frail and frail.
hrv assessment was performed through linear and non-linear analysis of cardiac interval variability.
additionally , frail group had a decreased 2lv % pattern ( that reflects parasympathetic modulation ) in the symbolic analysis in comparison with non-frail group.
these findings suggest that frail elderly women present an autonomic imbalance characterized by a shift towards sympathetic predominance.
objectives : to assess the longitudinal relationship between visual acuity ( va ) and depressive symptoms ( dss ) among older adults.
presenting and best-corrected va was assessed using early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart.
dss were assessed using the severe depression subscale of general health questionnaire @number@
latent growth curve models estimated va and ds trajectories and age-adjusted associations between trajectories.
results : best-corrected logmar va worsened over time ( slope = @number@ intercept = @number@ both p < @number@ ) .
no change in ds over time was observed ( slope = @number@ p = @number@ intercept = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
however , a small change in ds was observed in participants who completed all rounds ( slope = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
baseline va levels correlated with baseline ds levels ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
baseline ds was associated with best-corrected va change ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
baseline best-corrected va was not associated with ds change ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
best-corrected va change was not significantly associated with ds change ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
inappropriate drug use is an important health problem in elderly persons.
this article describes the swedish indicators for quality of drug therapy in the elderly , introduced in @number@ and updated in @number@
these indicators were designed to be applied to people aged @number@ years and over , regardless of residence and other characteristics.
during the @number@ years since introduction , the swedish indicators have several applications.
the indicators have also been used in several pharmacoepidemiological studies.
since @number@ there have been signs of improvement of the quality of drug prescribing to elderly persons in sweden.
similarly , drug combinations that may cause ddis decreased by @number@ % and antipsychotics by @number@ %.
the indicators have likely contributed to this.
overactive bladder ( oab ) is a common condition , with prevalence rates increasing with advancing age.
the current mainstay of pharmacological therapy for oab is antimuscarinic agents.
until recently , few studies had specifically evaluated the efficacy and safety of antimuscarinics in the treatment of oab symptoms in elderly patients.
this review summarises available evidence from the medical literature on the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine in elderly patients with oab symptoms , including uui.
the data indicate that the efficacy of fesoterodine in elderly patients is comparable with that in younger patients.
the data support a favourable benefit-to-risk ratio for fesoterodine in elderly and medically complex vulnerable elderly patients with oab.
objective : to investigate the effects of vascular risk factors and apoe status on white matter microstructure , and subsequent cognitive decline among older people.
we collected data through interviews , clinical examinations , and laboratory tests.
we assessed global cognitive function with the mini-mental state examination at baseline and at 3- and / or 6-year follow-up.
we analyzed the data using multivariate linear regression and linear mixed models.
results : heavy alcohol consumption , hypertension , and diabetes were significantly associated with lower fa or higher md ( p < @number@ ) .
lower tertile of fa and upper tertile of md were significantly associated with faster mini-mental state examination decline.
conclusions : vascular risk factors are associated with reduced white matter integrity among older adults , which subsequently predicted faster cognitive decline.
the detrimental effects of vascular risk factors on white matter microstructure were exacerbated among apoe ε4 carriers.
no studies to date have assessed the potential associations of genetic variants in foxa3 with human metabolic outcomes.
10 / 66 and dsm-iv dementia diagnosis as established by the survey questionnaires was validated by comparing against a gold standard of clinical assessment.
results : a total of @number@ respondents completed the study giving a response rate of @percent@.
conclusion : the establishment of accurate data on the number of people with dementia is essential in the planning of services and initiatives.
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele and hypertension are two of the most prevalent risk factors for cognitive decline in later life.
here we investigate whether cognitive decline is affected by interaction between these two risk factors.
specifically , we examine whether apoe ε4 moderates the association between high blood pressure and cognition in later life.
blood pressure and apoe genotype were assessed at baseline.
blood pressure was measured categorically as ' hypertension ' and continuously as ' mean arterial pressure ' ( map ) .
however , its inclusion in the model did not increase the amount of outcome variation explained beyond that already explained by the effect of time.
in contrast , the apoe-map interaction had no effect on the rate of decline in any of these domains of cognitive performance.
these results provide tentative evidence that apoe genotype moderates the association between high blood pressure and cognitive decline in later life.
in an aging society , the number of people with dementia has increased.
since alzheimer's disease and a part of frontotemporal lober degeneration ( ftld-tau ) have abnormal tau pathology in brain , these are called tauopathy.
this study collated data of clinical trials that evaluated tau-based drugs to help development of agent for dementia drugs in future.
we discovered a novel tau aggregation inhibitor , and elucidated the inhibitory mechanism of the compound on tau aggregation.
these results suggest that tau aggregation is an important target for therapy of dementia.
the development of accurate diagnostic tests and treatment of dementia must be important issues in an aging society.
positron emission tomography ( pet ) to detect amyloid β was first developed in @number@ ( @number@ ) ) .
some laboratories recently developed pet tracers to detect tau pathologies in patients with ad ( @number@ ) ) .
in contrast , tau-targeted drugs have been developed and have entered clinical trials.
we expect strongly a therapeutic drug for dementia to be released in the near future.
benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy ( bafme ) is an adult onset , autosomal dominant disease characterized by cortical tremor and infrequent generalized seizures.
bafme was considered as non-progressive , but cortical tremor worsened in some of the aged patients.
we investigated the disease progression of bafme.
cortical tremor significantly worsened and amplitudes of giant somatosensory evoked potential significantly increased with age in bafme.
these findings suggest that a progressive increase of cortical hyperexcitability causes exaggeration of cortical tremor.
in addition , a higher degree of clinical anticipation was associated with maternal transmission than with paternal transmission.
as mentioned above , at least some part of the symptoms and pathophysiology progress with aging or over generation in bafme.
around a half of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patients suffer from cognitive impairment such as attention deficit.
sleep disturbance is common in patients with dementia.
diurnal change of serum melatonin level in alzheimer's disease showed decreased amplitude and shifted peak secretion.
age related sleep disturbances and sleep disorders due to the neurodegeneration including rem sleep behavior disorder also increase in dementia.
identifying and treating underlying sleep disorders along with therapeutic approach to circadian mechanism is effective.
treatment of circadian abnormality in dementia require light therapy and increased daytime activity.
use of oral melatonin is also effective for the improvement of nocturnal sleep.
treatment of sleep problems in dementia also contribute to the better management of dementia.
recently , neural oscillations , especially gamma oscillation ( > 30 hz ) has been paid attention in the systems neuroscience.
in monkey , neural oscillations are involved in either intrahemispheric or interhemispheric integrative brain function.
magnetoencephalography ( meg ) provides information on human brain functions with the excellent temporal ( ms ) and spatial ( mm ) resolution.
this technique allows us to identify when , where and how bran works.
here , i present the recent findings in our laboratory on the disruption of the neural network in human.
ticagrelor has a faster onset of action and provides greater inhibition of platelet aggregation than clopidogrel.
ticagrelor also reduced all-cause mortality relative to clopidogrel , although statistical significance of this was not confirmed in hierarchical testing.
benefit with ticagrelor was seen both in invasively and noninvasively managed patients.
ticagrelor was generally well tolerated and was not associated with an increased risk of major bleeding relative to clopidogrel.
however , the search for a discrete threshold may be futile given emerging evidence.
recent studies suggest that testosterone threshold varies by symptoms and among individuals.
in addition , thresholds may vary between young and old men.
therefore , initiation of treatment should rely more on symptoms and less on a discrete numerical threshold.
background : magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) studies show reduced cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
these subtle brain abnormalities may provide insight into illness mechanisms.
however , environmental and lifestyle-related factors , such as cigarette smoking , may contribute to brain structure changes.
cigarette smoking is highly prevalent in patients with severe mental illness.
methods : we examined mri scans from patients with schizophrenia , other psychotic disorders or bipolar disorder and healthy controls using freesurfer.
results : we included @number@ patients ( @percent@ smokers ) and @number@ controls ( @percent@ smokers ) in our study.
no dose-response relationship was found between amount of smoking and cortical thickness in these regions.
among patients , maps of thickness along the whole cortical surface revealed reduced insular thickness but no effects in other regions.
among healthy controls , similar analyses revealed increased age-related cortical thinning in the left occipital lobe among smokers compared with nonsmokers.
limitations : the causal direction could not be determined owing to the cross-sectional design and lack of detailed data on smoking addiction and smoking history.
conclusion : the effect of cigarette smoking should be considered in mri studies of patients with severe mental illness.
socioeconomic status is associated with health disparities , but underlying psychosocial mechanisms have not been fully identified.
dispositional optimism may be a psychosocial process linking socioeconomic status with health.
we hypothesized that lower optimism would be associated with greater social disadvantage and poorer social mobility.
we also investigated whether life satisfaction and positive affect showed similar patterns.
social disparities in optimism were evident.
findings were generally similar for satisfaction , but not positive affect.
greater optimism and satisfaction were also associated with educational achievement across generations.
optimism and life satisfaction are consistently linked with socioeconomic advantage and may be one conduit by which social disparities influence health.
one barrier to the expansion of geriatric health care providers is the limited desire of nursing students to work with older adults.
the purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using ethnodrama as an intervention to highlight late-life potential.
increasing discussion about late-life potential may alter the stigma associated with aging.
background : current dementia medications have small effect sizes , many adverse effects and do not change the disease course.
therefore , it is critically important to study alternative treatment strategies.
results were similar when within-group comparisons were made before and after cross-over.
larger randomized , controlled trials are warranted.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01371214.
this study examined whether beliefs about face recognition ability differentially influence memory retrieval in older compared to young adults.
participants evaluated their ability to recognise faces and were also given information about their ability to perceive and recognise faces.
following this information , face recognition accuracy for a set of previously studied faces was measured using a remember-know memory paradigm.
older adults rated their ability to recognise faces as poorer compared to young adults.
additionally , negative information about face recognition ability improved only older adults ' ability to recognise a previously seen face.
the role that older adults ' memory beliefs have in the meta-cognitive strategies they employ is discussed.
blood measure was recorded via a mercury column sphygmomanometer.
depression levels were assessed using the beck depression inventory-ia ( bdi ) scale.
demographics and risk factors were assessed.
result : the proportion of participants with undiagnosed depression was @percent@.
multivariable analyses demonstrated an increase in bdi scores with increased aging.
approximately a @number@ point increase in the bdi score was observed for each additional decade of aging in hypertensive patients.
screening programs in nepal may assist early intervention in hypertensive patients with sub clinical depression.
most studies on aging and marathon have analyzed elite marathoners , yet the latter only represent a very small fraction of all marathon participants.
in addition , analysis of variance or unpaired student t tests are frequently used to compare mean performance times across age groups.
in all , @number@ data points corresponding to @number@ different runners over @number@ race editions ( 1999-2011 ) were retrieved.
current data suggest that the biological differences between sexes allow men to have better marathon performance across most of the human life span.
objectives : the aim of this long-term retrospective study was to compare the clinical features of elderly and younger polymyositis patients.
correlation analysis was conducted between serum creatine kinase levels ( roughly estimate of disease state ) and the clinical features.
creatine kinase levels were negatively correlated with the age at diagnosis.
the optimum dose and frequency of pulse steroid therapy were significantly lower in elderly patients ( p = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
this may influence the choice of therapy , such as steroid dosage and the use of immunosuppressants.
the stratum corneum ( sc ) provides a permeability barrier that limits the inflow and outflow of water.
naturally , its functioning and structure also change dynamically in a depth-dependent manner.
there is no accurate standard reference range on its characteristics after surgeries for gastrointestinal or retroperitoneal tumors.
methods : this study enrolled @number@ chinese patients without postoperative complications after surgery for gastrointestinal or retroperitoneal tumors.
results : all patients had a median age ( range ) of @number@ ( 19-72 ) years , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were men.
patients and methods : there were @number@ patients ( ≥60 years ) with chf chosen as study subjects.
each one received an assessment of nt-probnp on serum.
the end point was all-cause mortality during a mean follow-up period of @number@ days.
during the follow-up period , @number@ deaths occurred.
nt-probnp and the shfs showed similar predictive capacities ( @number@ versus @number@ p = 0.105 ) .
the addition of nt-probnp to the shfs ( @number@ versus @number@ p = 0.168 ) generated marginal growth in the c-statistic.
nt-probnp was bound with the shfs ( r = 0.500 , p < 0.001 ) .
a novel model based on nt-probnp could offer help for risk stratification.
background : knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) is largely attributable to chronic excessive and aberrant joint loading.
methods : nine patients with unilateral medial knee oa resistant to nonsurgical therapy were treated with the kinespring system and followed for @number@ years.
this study investigated the clinical outcomes of and costs incurred by older patients with ami and metabolic syndrome ( ms ) in hospital.
the hypothesis could lead to developing new treatments for age-related illnesses and help humans to live longer.
this hypothesis has no previous documentation in scientific media and has no protocol.
scientists have presented evidence that systemic aging is influenced by peculiar molecules in the blood.
by inhibiting the production of arms , they could reduce age-related cognitive and physical declines.
a prospective \ "antiaging blood filtration column \ " ( aabfc ) is a nanotechnological device that would fulfill the central role in this approach.
an aabfc would set a near-youth homeostatic titer of arms in the blood.
in this regard , the aabfc immobilizes arms from the blood while blood passes through the column.
the aabfc harbors antibodies against arms.
arm antibodies would be conjugated irreversibly to arms on contact surfaces of the reaction platforms inside the aabfc till near-youth homeostasis is attained.
the treatment is performed with the aid of a blood-circulating pump.
here we present results of two integrated studies.
as expected , hfx demonstrated overt systemic and local muscle inflammation and hypermetabolism.
objective : to determine the postural strategies used to regain balance following a voluntary lateral step and compare these strategies between young and older adults.
balance post was divided into 10s intervals.
center of pressure displacement ( cop ) and velocity ( vcop ) in the anterio-posterior ( ap ) and ml directions were analyzed.
results : in both groups , cop and vcop in ap and ml increased in post1 compared to pre ( p < 0.001 ) .
dissimilar to young adults , vcop-post2 , post3 ml were larger than pre ( p = 0.01 ) in older adults.
in the ml direction , older adults took up to 30s to regain balance.
resistance toward cd95-mediated apoptosis is a hallmark of many different malignancies , as it is known from primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) cells.
previously , we could show that mir-138 and @number@ are downregulated in cll cells.
apts are the only enzymes known to promote depalmitoylation.
indeed , membrane proteins are significantly less palmitoylated in cll cells compared with normal b cells.
we identified apts to directly interact with cd95 to promote depalmitoylation , thus impairing apoptosis mediated through cd95.
the serum concentration of il-23 in gd patients was measured significantly higher than in health controls.
moreover in the subgroup analysis , higher concentrations of il-23 were identified in patients of older age ( ⩾40 years ) and female gender.
the distribution of rs11171806 genotype was also investigated in subgroups according to the age and gender.
the pathophysiological mechanism underlying hashimoto's thyroiditis ( ht ) is still unclear.
thyroglobulin antibody ( tgab ) and thyroid peroxidase antibody ( tpoab ) are diagnostic hallmarks of ht.
these igg antibodies regulate the balance of immunologic tolerance and autoimmunity via fcγ receptors ( fcγrs ) .
the aim of our study was to investigate the role of fcγrs in the pathogenesis of ht.
our study therefore provides evidence for fcγrs , especially fcγriib , being involved in the pathogenesis of ht.
these results suggest that novel ad genetic risk variants may contribute to structural brain aging in nondemented older community persons.
here , we studied brain oscillatory activity in healthy young and old adults during visual information maintenance in a delayed match-to-sample task.
lacking disconnection of this resting state network is predictive of aging-related short-term memory decline.
this is the first study to show the interaction between apoe and depression to be dependent on timing of depression onset.
no significant association was found between apoe or tomm40 genotypes and the risk of developing sibm.
the age of onset was delayed by @number@ years when the patients were also carriers of the apoe genotype ε3 / ε3.
in addition , males were likely to have a later age of onset than females.
for various therapeutic approaches , such as bone and cartilage repair , mscs are expected to replace the damaged tissues by direct differentiation.
in this review , we will introduce the characteristic and age-related changes of mscs.
results : part d narrowed racial / ethnic disparities in hospital utilization.
background : the wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role during cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiac remodeling and aging.
however , the role of wnt modulators in this process is unknown.
in this study , we examined the role of the wnt signaling inhibitor secreted frizzled-related protein-1 ( sfrp-1 ) in aged wild-type and sfrp-1-deficient mice.
conclusions : this study identifies a novel role of sfrp-1 in age-related cardiac deterioration and fibrosis.
this study was designed to investigate the luts after endocrine therapy and their effects on the quality of life in elderly patients with pc.
the qmax was @number@ ± @number@ ml / s , ruv measured by b-ultrasound was @number@ ± @number@ ml.
the more important is that the storage symptoms contribute significantly more effects on qol than the voiding symptoms ( p = 0.0032 ) .
background : the impact of patient age on the risks of death or rehospitalization after primary prevention implantable ( icd ) placement is uncertain.
median age at enrollment was @number@ ( interquartile range 53-70 ) years.
compared with their younger counterparts , older patients had a greater burden of comorbid illness.
sample sizes were limited among patients aged ≥75 years.
in adjusted bayesian-weibull modeling , point estimates indicate icd efficacy persists but is attenuated with increasing age.
there was evidence of an interaction between age and icd treatment on survival ( two-sided posterior tail probability of no interaction < 0.01 ) .
conclusions : in this analysis , the survival benefit of the icd exists but is attenuated with increasing age.
there was no evidence that age modifies the association between icd treatment and rehospitalization.
objectives : severe hypoglycemia is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in older persons with type @number@ diabetes.
the role of antidiabetic treatments on severe hypoglycemia is unknown in dementia.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : a total of @number@ nursing homes across italy.
participants : a total of @number@ patients with type @number@ diabetes ( dementia = @number@ no dementia = @number@ ) .
measurements : diagnosis of dementia before nursing home admission.
data were collected regarding functional status , glycemic control , antidiabetic treatments , comorbidities , and biochemical and clinical measurements.
logistic regression models with severe hypoglycemia as the dependent variable were used to test associations with antidiabetic agents.
severe hypoglycemia was more prevalent in patients with dementia ( @percent@ ) compared with patients without dementia ( @percent@ ) .
no correlations were found in patients without dementia.
conclusion : in older nursing home patients with type @number@ diabetes , severe hypoglycemia was significantly higher in dementia.
our findings suggest that sulphonylureas should be used with caution , whereas rapid- and long-acting insulin analogs seem safer.
objective : the main purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing pts to organize pa in ltcf for older adults.
as a frame the social-ecological model ( mcleroy ) was used , distinguishing factors at the intrapersonal , interpersonal , and community level.
results : in the qualitative component the pts reported @number@ motivators and @number@ barriers for organizing pa in ltcf.
seventy-five percent of the respondents believe that the who-guidelines are not feasible for ltcf-residents.
the social interaction among ltcf-residents ( @percent@ ) during pa was the strongest motivator on the interpersonal level.
barriers on the intra- and interpersonal level were of less influence.
conclusions : this study described different motivators and barriers for pts to organize pa in ltcfs.
the majority does not know the who guidelines regarding the amount of pa for adults aged @number@ and over.
although they agree that the guidelines are useful , they believe the guidelines are not feasible.
there is a need for a multifactorial strategy that acts on different determinants in order to stimulate pa in ltcf.
these patients display acenocoumarol dose requirement of ≤5.6 mg / week.
study objective : the trend in sleep duration in the united states population remains uncertain.
our objective was to examine changes in sleep duration from @number@ to @number@ among us adults.
design : trend analysis.
setting : civilian noninstitutional population of the united states.
participants : @number@ us adults aged ≥ @number@ y of the national health interview survey ( @number@ @number@ and 2004-2012 ) .
in @number@ approximately @number@ million us adults reported sleeping ≤ @number@ h.
conclusions : since @number@ age-adjusted mean sleep duration has decreased slightly and the percentage of adults sleeping ≤ @number@ h increased by @percent@.
since @number@ however , mean sleep duration and the percentage of adults sleeping ≤ @number@ h have changed little.
non-invasive in vivo neutron activation analysis ( naa ) was used to measure the fluorine concentration in @number@ people in hamilton , ontario , canada.
we compared the levels of fluorine observed in people between the two studies and found them to be comparable.
a discontinuity in the rate of increase in fluorine content with age was observed in women at around age @number@
finally , we also obtained twelve bone samples from cadavers ' skulls.
neutron activation analysis was used to determine the fluorine levels in these ex vivo samples.
we surveyed orotracheal intubation episodes after more than @number@ years from the initial surgery.
methods : seventy one patients underwent general anesthesia again after @number@ years in average.
change of orotracheal intubation difficulty was checked retrospectively.
the same anesthesiologist assessed @percent@ of cases.
results : intubation of @number@ patients became more difficult , in one patient it became easier , and in the remainder did not change.
there was no relation between the change in difficulty and presence or absence of maxillary incisor.
design : randomized controlled trial with repeated measures.
setting : research laboratory in a general hospital.
participants : individuals with sca ( n = 20 ) and without sca ( n = 20 ) .
interventions : a single 15-minute session of leg cycling and a 4-week cycling regimen.
the disynaptic reciprocal inhibition and d1 inhibition and international cooperative ataxia rating scale ( icars ) scores were evaluated in both groups after @number@ weeks.
conclusions : a 4-week cycling regimen can normalize the modulation of reciprocal inhibition and functional performance in individuals with sca.
these findings are applicable to the coordination training of patients.
this chest wall defect was ultimately repaired with a latissimus dorsi flap.
although mics has been described in women with breast implants , the documented experience remains limited.
from our literature review and experience , we recommend that the posterior capsule should remain intact.
if this is not possible , then the chest wall closure should be reinforced with either mesh , soft tissue , or both.
soft tissue options include the conversion from a subpectoral to a subglandular position to use the pectoralis major , or a latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
sick sinus syndrome remains a highly relevant clinical entity , being responsible for the implantation of the majority of electronic pacemakers worldwide.
it is an infinitely more complex disease than it was believed when first described in the mid part of the 20th century.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
introduction : as the elderly population in the united states continues to grow , issues related to maintenance of health become increasingly important.
physical activity has positive benefits for healthy aging.
running , a popular form of exercise , is associated with the risk of developing injury , especially in older runners.
purpose : this study aims to compare running mechanics and lower-extremity coordination variability in matched groups of healthy younger and healthy older runners.
knee , ankle , and hip joint angles and moments were determined.
discrete measures at foot strike ( maximum and minimum ) were determined and compared between groups.
results : knee and ankle joint angles were similar between groups ( p > @number@ ) .
older runners had smaller ankle plantarflexion moment ( p = @number@ ) and hip rotational moment ( p = @number@ ) than younger runners.
there were no between-group differences in any of the variability measures ( p > @number@ ) .
genomics and genetics have invaded all aspects of biology and medicine , opening uncharted territory for scientific exploration.
the definition of \ "gene \ " itself has become ambiguous , and the central dogma is continuously being revised and expanded.
computational biology and computational medicine are no longer intellectual domains of the chosen few.
in this review , we discuss ngs-based genome-wide approaches that can provide deeper insights into retinal development , aging and disease pathogenesis.
we first focus on gene regulatory networks ( grns ) that govern the differentiation of retinal photoreceptors and modulate adaptive response during aging.
then , we discuss ngs technology in the context of retinal disease and develop a vision for therapies based on network biology.
we should emphasize that basic strategies for network construction and analyses can be transported to any tissue or cell type.
aortic pwv was estimated ( aopwvestim ) from single-point radial waveforms , age , and sbp.
results : invasive and noninvasive transit times were strikingly similar ( median values @number@ versus @number@ ms ) .
aopwvestim differed from aopwvinv by no more than @number@ m / s across all age groups.
cfpwvcalip , measured in @number@ patients , underestimated aopwvinv in all ages.
conclusion : cfpwvsub , cfpwvdir0.8 , and aopwvestim are reasonable surrogates for aopwvinv.
aopwvinv predicts subclinical organ damage better than cfpwvs , and as good as aopwvestim.
methods : four hundred seven women underwent clinical evaluation , polysomnography , and biochemical analysis.
stages of reproductive aging were defined as premenopause , early postmenopause , and late postmenopause.
results : osas was more frequent in the postmenopausal groups , with @percent@ of women affected by severe osas belonging to the late postmenopause group.
for moderate to severe osas and severe osas , we found waist circumference and both postmenopause stages to be the main factors.
conclusions : osas is prevalent in postmenopausal women , especially in late postmenopause.
this study highlights the association between waist circumference , early postmenopause and late postmenopause , and severity of osas.
importance : telomeres protect chromosome ends and are markers of cellular aging and replicative capacity.
patients underwent hct between @number@ and @number@ in @number@ centers and were followed-up to @date@ .
pretransplant leukocyte telomere length in the recipients was not associated with posttransplant survival ( hr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.64-1.30 ) .
conclusions and relevance : longer donor leukocyte telomere length was associated with increased 5-year survival in patients who received hct for severe aplastic anemia.
patient leukocyte telomere length was not associated with survival.
the results of this observational study suggest that donor leukocyte telomere length may have a role in long-term posttransplant survival.
during follow-up , @number@ participants developed dementia ( @number@ with ad ) .
discussion : the findings underscore the usefulness of subjective memory assessment in combination with other factors in identifying individuals at risk for developing dementia.
with age , a decline in attention capacity may occur and this may impact driving performance especially while distracted.
in addition to these objective driving measures , subjective measures of workload and driving performance were also included.
in experiment @number@ crash occurrence increased with visual distraction and was negatively related to attention capacity.
despite the decrease of driving performance with distraction , participants estimated their driving performance during distraction as good.
these results imply that attention capacity is important for driving.
driver assessment and training programs might therefore focus on attention capacity.
imaging studies of ancient human mummies have demonstrated the presence of vascular calcification that is consistent with the presence of atherosclerosis.
these findings have stimulated interest in the underlying biological processes that might impart to humans an inherent predisposition to the development of atherosclerosis.
introduction : the cervical vertebrae maturation ( cvm ) method is used to determine the timing of treatment of class ii malocclusion.
methods : twenty-nine untreated girls with class ii malocclusion were identified among participants of the nijmegen growth study.
each girl had a series of cephalograms taken semi-annually from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
method error was evaluated with kappa statistics and bland-altman ( ba ) plots.
regression analysis was used to determine if cvm grade can predict the amount of facial growth.
results : the mean kappa for intra-rater agreement during grading with cvm was @number@ ( fair agreement ) .
ba plots demonstrated acceptable agreement for cephalometric measurements.
the regression analysis demonstrated that the only chronologic age was associated with the facial growth.
the cvm grade could not predict the change of cephalometric variables.
cr1 length polymorphism was assessed at protein and gene levels using western blot and high-resolution melting , respectively.
cr1 sites on erythrocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry.
cr1 gene analysis , spotting the rs6656401 and rs3818361 polymorphisms , was performed by pyrosequencing.
our data suggested the existence of silent cr1 alleles.
finally , rs6656401 and rs3818361 were strongly associated with cr1 length polymorphism ( p < @number@ ) .
however , cumulative and over time effects of these medical illnesses have not been systematically examined.
one hundred twenty-one cognitively normal old participants received comprehensive clinical evaluations and brain diffusion tensor imaging on @number@ occasions.
clinical history and medical treatment of diabetes , hypertension , and hyperlipidemia were assessed at both evaluations.
compared with individuals with no vrf , individuals with @number@ vrf did not exhibit significantly different change in fa.
however , those with ≥ @number@ vrfs had greater decrease in fa within multiple wm regions including the splenium of the corpus callosum.
the accumulation of vrf increasingly affected wm integrity , particularly in areas known to be injured in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
enzymes metabolising dicarbonyls , glyoxalase @number@ and aldoketo reductases , provide an efficient and stress-response enzyme defence against dicarbonyl stress.
dicarbonyl stress is produced by increased formation and / or decreased metabolism of dicarbonyl metabolites , and by exposure to exogenous dicarbonyls.
it contributes to ageing , disease and activity of cytototoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
purpose : age-based reduction of chemotherapy dose with the first cycle ( primary dose reduction , pdr ) is not routinely guideline recommended.
methods : we conducted a secondary analysis of a multi-institutional prospective cohort study of patients age ≥65 years treated with chemotherapy.
the dose and regimen were at the discretion of the treating oncologist.
increasing age was independently associated with pdr in both sub-groups.
there was no significant difference in the rates of grades 3-5 toxicity , dose reductions , or delays with pdr.
patients in the palliative sub-group treated with pdr had higher rates of hospitalization compared to those treated with standard doses.
conclusion : pdr is more common in the palliative setting , but is also utilized among patients treated with curative intent.
factors associated with pdr include age and comorbid conditions , but not kps.
management of bladder and bowel dysfunction in the elderly is currently far from ideal and also carries a significant financial burden.
understanding how these changes occur is thus a major priority in biogerontology.
the functions of the bladder and terminal bowel are regulated by complex neuronal networks.
in particular neurons of the spinal cord and peripheral ganglia play a key role in regulating micturition and defaecation reflexes as well as promoting continence.
in this review we discuss the evidence for ageing-induced neuronal dysfunction that might predispose to neurogenic forms of incontinence in the elderly.
cigarette smoking is associated with cognitive decline and dementia , but the extent of the association between smoking and structural brain changes remains unclear.
importantly , it is unknown whether smoking-related brain changes are reversible after smoking cessation.
multiple regression analyses were performed controlling for gender and exact age at scanning.
further , we tested associations between cortical thickness and number of years since last cigarette , while controlling for lifetime smoking.
there was a diffuse dose-dependent negative association between smoking and cortical thickness.
some negative dose-dependent cortical associations persisted after controlling for all covariates.
accounting for total amount of lifetime smoking , the cortex of subjects who stopped smoking seems to have partially recovered for each year without smoking.
however , it took ~25 years for complete cortical recovery in affected areas for those at the mean pack-years value in this sample.
although partial recovery appears possible , it can be a long process.
increasing evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal molecular-genetic studies suggests that effects of common genetic variations on cognitive functioning increase with aging.
this pattern suggests disproportionate impairments of neural processing among older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes.
in this issue , hammers et al. report the first longitudinal study of b-cell responses in pemphigus vulgaris.
in addition , the disappearance of anti-dsg3 b-cell clones in two patients during long-term rituximab-induced remission supports the therapeutic potential of rituximab.
with aging , customary gait patterns change and energetic efficiency declines , but the relationship between these alterations is not well understood.
slower gait speed and lower knee rom were correlates of knee pain and were found to mediate the association between age and oxygen consumption.
genetic variants of whole mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) that predispose to exceptional longevity need to be systematically identified and appraised.
we sequenced the entire mtdna genomes of the @number@ subjects using a next-generation platform and employed a complete mtdna phylogenetic analytical strategy.
additionally , for the first time , we identified several variants and new subhaplogroups related to exceptional longevity.
our results provide new clues for genetic mechanisms of longevity and shed light on strategies for evaluating rare mitochondrial variants that underlie complex traits.
reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency is characterised by spontaneous recovery of mitochondrial myopathy in infants.
we studied whether a physiological isoform switch of nuclear cytochrome c oxidase subunits contributes to the age-dependent manifestation and spontaneous recovery in reversible mitochondrial disease.
some nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase are present as tissue-specific isoforms.
isoforms of subunits cox6a and cox7a expressed in heart and skeletal muscle are different from isoforms expressed in the liver , kidney and brain.
we demonstrate a developmental isoform switch of cox6a and cox7a subunits in human and mouse skeletal muscle.
however , understanding developmental changes of the different cytochrome c oxidase isoforms may have implications for other mitochondrial diseases.
this article is part of a directed issue entitled : energy metabolism disorders and therapies.
mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles containing their own multi-copy genome.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) mutates much faster than nuclear dna.
we here discuss how the intricacies of mitochondrial homeostasis impinge on the intracellular propagation of mutant mtdna.
this article is part of a directed issue entitled : energy metabolism disorders and therapies.
sirtinol significantly inhibited the activity of hne from human neutrophils in response to various stimulators.
analysis of enzymatic activities showed that sirtinol inhibited hne activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
these results demonstrate that sirtinol does not affect neutrophil function and is an hne inhibitor.
our study indicates that sirtinol has anti-inflammatory effects through direct inhibition of hne activity and attenuates hne-induced and lps-mediated tissue or organ injury in vivo.
sirtinol is a novel hne inhibitor and may have the potential for clinical application in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
some modifications of the simple asexual penna model , enriched by epigenetic contributions , are presented.
epigenomes allow to introduce additional mechanism of gene activation or silencing without affecting the dna genome itself.
it may be either inherited or may reflect external , environmental factors.
in the presented model , information read from the introduced epigenome may alter gene expression that may be stopped or re-activated.
we concentrate on the influence of epigenetics on the age a distribution of genetic mortality m ( a ) .
a very simple model was used in this paper and many crucial mechanisms of biological aging were omitted.
therefore , further work based on a more realistic models is necessary.
the fall in testosterone levels with age appears to be a real phenomenon.
declining testicular function and hypothalamic dysregulation appear to be the mechanisms explaining the fall in testosterone levels with age.
the increased prevalence of obesity and chronic illness in ageing men both cause a large drop in testosterone levels independent of ageing.
age-related hypogonadism appears to be different to other ' classical ' causes of hypogonadism.
testosterone levels are not unequivocally low and associated symptoms are non-specific.
in frail older men with low testosterone levels , testosterone therapy appears to improve qol and physical function.
in less frail men , however , effects of testosterone therapy in the ageing male are small and / or inconsistent.
intracranial volume ( icv ) normalization of regional brain volumes ( v ) is common practice in volumetric studies of the aging brain.
a new method based on weighted icv matching is also presented.
the presented method allows good visualization of volume relation between gender groups.
a different gender dimorphism in volume was found depending on the normalization method used for both simulated and real data.
a suggested work-flow for selecting icv normalization method when investigating gender related differences in regional brain volume is presented.
little is known about the role of genetic influences on hearing when evaluated longitudinally.
the hearing thresholds at two time points were compared at each frequency and in two different frequency regions.
genetic analyses were based on structural equation models.
bivariate cholesky decomposition was used for longitudinal analysis.
results : the prevalence of hearing loss increased over time in better and worse ear.
the hearing threshold shift was more pronounced in the high-frequency region , especially at @number@ hz.
in contrast , environmental influences were of substantial importance ( 55%-88% ) for rate of change of the hearing threshold over the 18-year period.
recent evidence has indicated that neuronal activity related to reward anticipation benefits subsequent stimulus processing , but the effect of penalties remains largely unknown.
in sum , motivational valence and salience effects differentially modulated the temporal stages of context processing in younger and older adults.
aging is associated with many complex diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
recently , many age-related dna methylation biomarkers in peripheral whole blood have been identified.
these biomarkers may reflect dna methylation changes derived from changes in the number of a specific leukocyte cell type during aging.
objective : we previously reported that serum pcsk9 levels are higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women in a han chinese population.
whether this difference is related to estrogen has not been well-characterized.
this study aims to examine if the alteration in estrogen level is responsible for the changes of serum pcsk9 concentration.
anthropometric and biochemical examination of parameters such as estrogen and serum lipids was also performed for these individuals.
moreover , cell culture studies were carried out to examine if estrogen at physiological and non-physiological concentrations regulates hepatocyte pcsk9 expression.
results : serum pcsk9 concentrations were significantly increased with aging.
there was no significantly difference of pcsk9 levels between the lower and the upper estradiol ( e2 ) tertiles in the @number@ women.
there was either no significant difference in pcsk9 levels during the menstrual , ovulatory , luteal phases in the @number@ healthy fertile women.
cell culture studies showed that 17β-estradiol at physiological concentrations did not significantly alter pcsk9 expression in human hepatocytes.
conclusion : the serum pcsk9 levels were higher in postmenopausal women than those in pre-menopausal women.
the aging population is increasing dramatically.
aging-associated stress simultaneously drives proinflammatory remodeling , involving angiotensin ii and other factors , in both the heart and large arteries.
these age-related effects are the result of responses initiated by cardiovascular proinflammatory cells.
local proinflammatory signals are coupled between the heart and arteries due to common mechanical and humoral messengers within a closed circulating system.
pain is a highly prevalent and clinically important problem in the elderly.
the following review is intended to provide the practitioner with practical knowledge for safer and more effective treatment of pain.
in contrast , sex-related memory differences may be a better proxy.
since they arise developmentally , they are less likely to reflect environmental confounds.
women outperform men on verbal and men generally outperform women on visuospatial memory tasks.
furthermore , memory declines during the preclinical stage of ad , when it is clinically indistinguishable from normal aging.
to determine whether cr mitigates age-related memory decline , we examined the effects of gender and apoe genotype on longitudinal memory performances.
baseline sex associated differences were retained over time , but no sex differences in rate of decline were found for any measure in either cohort.
sex-based memory advantage does not mitigate age-related memory decline in either apoe ɛ4 carriers or non-carriers.
the present study investigated whether the analysis of saccadic eye movements could be used as a screening method for the assessment of driving ability.
the group of elderly drivers with suspected deficits in driving skills also underwent a medical examination and a practical on-road driving test.
the results of the saccadic eye tests of the different groups were compared.
conclusions : testing saccadic eye movements appears to be a promising and efficient method for screening large numbers of people such as elderly drivers.
this study indicated a link between antisaccade performance and the ability to drive.
hence , measuring saccadic eye movements should be considered as a tool for screening the fitness to drive.
in addition to extending the period covered by @number@ years , this study estimated the effect of design changes by model year and vehicle type.
the updated results indicate that the gradual increase would have continued through @number@ after which driver fatality rates again would have declined through @number@
overall , it is estimated that there were @number@ fewer driver deaths in @number@ than there would have been had vehicle designs not changed.
the risk of driver death in @number@ model passenger vehicles was @percent@ lower than that in @number@ models and about half that in @number@ models.
this investigation aimed to explicate this relationship , and hypothesized it would be mediated by executive functioning ( ef ) .
to best understand the relationship between cr and fa , we recruited and tested independent community-dwelling older adults ( oas ) .
bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions were completed to determine the association between cr and fa.
both individual cr measures and a composite cr score were used.
mediation analyses were completed to examine our hypothesis that ef would mediate the cr and fa relationship.
all measures of cr were positively related to and predictive of fa.
furthermore , the cr composite had a higher correlation ( r = @number@ ) and accounted for more variance than any of the independent proxies.
complete mediation was found between a cr composite and fa via an internally consistent d-kefs composite score ( cronbach's α = @number@ ) .
this suggests that as cr increases so does ef , which in turn improves fa.
thus , future investigations could determine the effect on fa in oas by improving ef.
the study aim was to determine the contribution of dementia related pathologies to the association of conscientiousness with late-life cognitive health.
at enrollment in @number@ longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort studies , @number@ older individuals without cognitive impairment completed a standard conscientiousness measure.
annually thereafter , they completed a battery of @number@ cognitive tests.
the relation of conscientiousness and the neuropathologic markers to cognitive decline was assessed in mixed-effects change point models to accommodate nonlinear cognitive decline.
in addition , the association of neocortical lewy bodies with terminal cognitive decline was attenuated in those with higher conscientiousness.
the results suggest that higher conscientiousness is protective of late-life cognitive health.
sixty-7 ( hc = @number@ , mci = @number@ ) had aβ scans available for analysis.
semistructured interviews were administered , transcribed , and meaningful phrases extracted from transcripts.
twelve themes were defined and compared across diagnostic status and aβ status.
conclusion : complaint themes in those with mci align with the mci symptom complex , particularly when accompanied with high aβ load.
healthy aβ + individuals acknowledged progressive memory change , suggesting they are aware of memory changes not yet detectable via neuropsychological measures.
depressive symptomatology associated with hc complaints , suggesting certain themes are affect-driven , while complaints in mci are associated with organically driven functional impairment.
qualitative analysis of smcs can inform the earliest clinical manifestations of alzheimer's disease.
our findings can inform diagnostic approaches to the clinical evaluation of memory complaints in the nondemented elderly.
the ageing of societies is a unique historical development of mankind.
today , such ageing is recognized as a threat for developed societies.
there is fear of increasing inequality in health and in access to health care.
apart from the costs of ageing and care , such fear creates intergenerational conflicts.
this paper explores what values are at stake when a society ages.
at issue here is the social position of the old citizens and the way in which they are regarded by their fellow citizens.
european welfare states were based on a balanced combination of three values : freedom , equality , and solidarity.
because these values are misbalanced now , equal accessibility of care and conditions for social participation are disappearing.
therefore , we shall have to think about new ways in which our societies can reaffirm basic human values.
objective : adults seeking services from the aging services provider network ( aspn ) are at risk for depression.
aspn clients also have high prevalence of both functional impairments and social morbidities.
study of the relationships between these factors may inform the development of interventions for depression in this service setting.
results : lower social support and greater functional impairment were associated with greater depressive symptoms.
at a high level of functional impairment , the inverse associations between indices of social support and depressive symptoms were attenuated.
methods : administrative health data from the home care sector were linked to hospital administrative data to carry out the analyses.
multivariable analyses were performed using sas.
results : hospital records of intentional self-harm ( ish ) were present in @number@ cases per @number@ home care clients.
protective effects were found for marital status and positive social relationships , yet these effects were more pronounced for men.
cognitive performance measures showed the odds of ish @number@ times higher for older adults with moderate to severe cognitive impairment.
conclusions : this study based on provincial data points to tangible areas for preventative assessment by frontline home care professionals.
of interest were the risk and protective factors that differed by sex.
osteoporosis is a chronic disease , carrying an elevated risk of fractures , morbidity , and death.
long-term treatment may be required , but the long-term risks with osteoporosis drugs remain incompletely understood.
it is difficult to devise goal-directed long-term strategies for managing osteoporosis without firm information about residual life expectancy in treated patients.
we conducted an observational study in danish national registries tracking prescriptions for osteoporosis drugs , comorbid conditions , and deaths.
we included @number@ patients and @number@ age- and sex-matched control subjects.
information on deaths until the end of @number@ was retrieved , providing a follow-up period of @number@ to @number@ years.
estimates in women were @number@ years and @number@ years , respectively.
this study shows an excess mortality in men and in women younger than @number@ years who are treated for osteoporosis compared with the background population.
this excess risk is more pronounced in the first few years on treatment.
skin aging is associated with changes in both the mechanical properties of the skin and extracellular matrix ( ecm ) components.
in this study , we investigated the relationships between mechanical property and aging biomarkers in passaged human dermal fibroblasts ( hdfs ) .
the stiffness of hdfs from passages 5-20 was assessed by atomic force microscopy.
the ecm components including collagen , elastin , and fibrillin-1 and that of signaling molecules ( sirts ) were determined from each passage of cells.
expression of all aging biomarkers , including pro-collagen i and vii , elastin , fibrillin-1 , and sirt1 and sirt6 , were down-regulated by passaging.
all biomarkers except elastin showed a strong correlation with the cellular stiffness of hdfs.
declining physical function is a major health problem for older adults as it is associated with multiple comorbidities and mortality.
exercise has been shown to improve physical function , though response to exercise is variable.
prior findings have also determined that interactions between antihypertensive medications and exercise may influence physical function above and beyond either factor alone.
we review the latest research on ras , exercise , and physical function for older adults.
objectives : to describe the sonoanatomy of paediatric lower-limb entheses according to age and gender.
we studied sites that most commonly involved entheses in spondyloarthritis.
ultrasound was used to obtain both transverse and longitudinal views of each enthesis.
results : at all sites on b-mode , cartilage and tendon thicknesses showed positive or negative correlations with age ( p < @number@ ) .
agreement between the two sides for discrete data was very good to excellent ( kappa , @number@.77-1 ) .
cartilage thickness at the various sites was significantly greater in boys than in girls ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
tendon thickness was not significantly influenced by gender.
blood vessels were seen within the cartilage with differences across age groups.
conclusions : this study provides the first data on normal entheseal sonoanatomy and vascularisation in children.
the association peak lies within and very close to the maximum linkage peaks of @number@ prior positive linkage studies defining the park10 locus.
conclusions : we confirm the association of a park10 haplotype with the risk of developing idiopathic pd.
furthermore , we significantly reduce the size of the park10 region.
of the candidate genes in the new park10 region have been previously implicated in the biology of pd , suggesting new areas of potential research.
this study strongly suggests that reducing pathologic heterogeneity may enhance the application of genetic association studies to pd.
we also examined the relationship between network connectivity , migraine frequency , and sensory sensitivity symptoms.
increased connectivity showed no clinical correlation with migraine frequency or sensory sensitivity.
background : photodynamic therapy ( pdt ) is a safe and effective treatment for actinic keratoses ( aks ) and photoactinic damage.
three elements are needed for pdt : a photosensitizer , oxygen , and a light source.
daylight pdt , using ambient visible light has been reported as safe , time- and cost-efficient , and more comfortable than with other light sources.
we report our experience with daylight pdt in @number@ patients.
material and methods : eighty patients with multiple actinic keratoses related to chronic photodamage underwent one or two sessions with daylight pdt.
anatomic locations treated included face , chest , arms , and legs.
aminolevulinic acid ( ala , levulan , kerastick dusa usa ) was applied one hour prior to light exposure.
thick actinic keratoses were gently curetted prior to ala application.
a chemical sunscreen was applied thirty minutes into the incubation and subsequently patients sat outside in the shade for @number@ hours.
the following day , patients applied a chemical sunscreen and went into either shaded or direct sunlight for 15-30 extra minutes depending on sensitivity.
significant pain associated with this second day exposure was an indication to return indoors immediately.
after the second exposure they were instructed to stay inside for the remainder of the @number@ hour post treatment period.
results : all patients tolerated the procedure well.
patients denied any pain during the first two and half hour exposure.
patients and physicians noted significant reduction in photoactinic damage and actinic keratoses.
patients appreciated the convenience of the treatment.
there were no significant adverse events , and no patients reported scarring.
patients reported significantly less pain than with conventional pdt and enjoyed the convenience of treatment generally in their backyard.
it was noted to be a safe procedure with no significant adverse events such as scarring.
additionally , the cost of the procedure was significantly reduced , with ala and its application being the only expenses.
introduction : iatrogenic bile duct injury is a serious complication of cholecystectomy.
the aim of this study was to assess predictors of bile duct injury using a national database.
methods : the nationwide inpatient sample ( 2010-2012 ) was queried for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
results : a total of @number@ patients had bile duct injury.
conclusion : our study finds a new association between obesity , aging , and bile duct injuries which has never been reported in literature before.
introduction : one out of three persons aged @number@ and older falls annually and @percent@ to @percent@ of falls result in injury.
methods : a third-party payer perspective was used to determine the costs and benefits of three effective fall interventions.
intervention effectiveness was based on randomized controlled trial results.
national data were used to estimate the average annual benefits from averting the direct medical costs of a fall.
the net benefit and roi were estimated for each of the interventions.
for otago delivered to persons aged @number@ and older , the net benefit was $ 429.18 and the roi was @percent@.
conclusions : all three fall interventions provided positive net benefits.
the rois showed that the benefits not only covered the implementation costs but also exceeded the expected direct program delivery costs.
these results can help health care funders and other community organizations select appropriate and effective fall interventions that also can provide positive returns on investment.
background : frontotemporal dementia is a highly heritable neurodegenerative disorder.
we calculated time to expected onset as the difference between age at assessment and mean age at onset within the family.
participants underwent a standardised clinical assessment and neuropsychological battery.
we did mri and generated cortical and subcortical volumes using a parcellation of the volumetric t1-weighted scan.
we analysed data from @number@ participants : @number@ mutation carriers ( @number@ symptomatic and @number@ asymptomatic ) and @number@ non-carriers.
these findings could help to define biomarkers that can stage presymptomatic disease and track disease progression , which will be important for future therapeutic trials.
funding : centres of excellence in neurodegeneration.
we show that young , healthy bone revealed the highest resistance to mechanical loading ( indentation ) along with higher mineralization and preserved osteocyte-lacunar characteristics.
but antiresorptive treatment led to fewer mineralized lacunae and fewer but larger osteons signifying rejuvenated bone.
clearly , antiresorptive treatment reflected favorable effects on the multifunctional osteocytic cells that are a prerequisite for bone's structural , metabolic and mechanosensory integrity.
highlights from the 15th international congress of twin studies are presented.
the congress was held @date@ @number@ @number@ in budapest , hungary.
liz and her co-twin , ann hunt , are listed in the @number@ guinness book of records as the longest separated twins in the world.
background and objectives : one in seven hiv-infected individuals is incarcerated each year.
results : among @number@ hiv-infected patients , @percent@ reported having a history of incarceration.
in multivariate analyses , a history of incarceration was associated with a higher vacs index score ( β @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.52-4.43 ) .
( am j addict @number@ ; 24 : 178-184 ) .
aga , due to dihydrotesterone , is treated by 5-α reductase inhibitors , androgen receptor blockers and atp-sensitive potassium channel-openers.
meanwhile , cia is treated by apoptosis inhibitors , cytokines and topical immunotherapy.
the discovery of epidermal stem cells in the hf has given new life to the search for a cure for baldness.
drug discovery efforts are being increasingly centered on these stem cells , boosting the hair cycle and reversing miniaturization of hf.
better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune attack in aa will yield new drugs.
new discoveries in hf neogenesis and low-level light therapy will undoubtedly have a role to play.
background : the relationship between adiponectin concentration and mortality is unclear.
we examined whether serum adiponectin concentration is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly asians.
the baseline serum total and high molecular weight adiponectin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
using cox regression , we determined the associations between serum adiponectin concentration and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for well-known cardiovascular risk factors.
results : over a mean follow-up time of @number@ years , @number@ individuals died , and @number@ deaths ( @percent@ ) were by cardiovascular disease.
we evaluated the effect modification by baseline body mass index ( bmi ) .
conclusions : higher serum adiponectin concentration was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly asian population.
our data supported the recent theory so called \ "adiponectin paradox \ ".
this relationship was strengthened when combined with low bmi.
we suggest that measurement of adiponectin concentration and bmi together could be an additional predictive marker of survival among elderly adults.
background : ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( abpm ) is recommended to assess hypertensive status in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
however , the difference in blood pressure ( bp ) based on clinic and ambulatory monitoring in ckd patients of different ages is not known.
methods : we recruited @number@ ckd patients admitted to our hospital division and referred with data in this cross-sectional study.
patients were divided into three groups : young , middle age and old.
inter-method agreement between clinic bp and abpm in different age groups was assessed using the kappa ( κ ) coefficient.
linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate renal and cardiovascular parameters.
age was the main factor determining the difference in clinic bp and abp by multiple linear regression analyses.
good-quality , long-term , large longitudinal trials are needed to validate the role of abpm for chinese ckd patients.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by early impairments in memory and progressive neurodegeneration.
disruption of synaptic plasticity processes that underlie learning and memory contribute partly to this pathophysiology.
accumulation of amyloid β ( aβ ) may contribute to synapse dysfunction and memory impairment in ad.
we found that t4 treatment significantly reduced cerebral aβ deposits and lowered aβ levels in brain homogenates.
as baby boomers age , social work leaders predict there will be a significant shortage of gerontological social workers to care for the older population.
research to explore this predicted shortage has focused on reasons why social work students do not appear interested in working with the older population.
competing norms and daughters-in-law also play important roles in the negotiation for parental help.
purpose : to discover how 90-91-year-olds see a good old age and identify the dimensions of good and successful aging that appear in their talk.
in the interviews the respondents were asked to give their opinions about a good old age and its constituents.
the answers were subjected to thematic analysis with an inductive approach.
but we were also able to identify new themes that have rarely been mentioned in previous studies of successful aging.
the respondents saw themselves as having a good old age.
implications : definitions of a good old age provided by the oldest old themselves give new insights into the concept of successful aging.
good health is important , but more in the sense of being pain-free than of being disease-free.
social and cognitive aspects seem to be more important than physical health.
this paper explores how popular newspapers and magazines in canada construct and portray later life sexuality within the context of online dating.
we retrieved @number@ newspaper and magazine articles about later life online dating that were published between @number@ and @number@
our thematic and discursive analyses of the articles generated six themes.
of @number@ articles , @percent@ idealized sexuality ( sexual attractiveness and optimal sexual engagement ) for older adults.
the articles portrayed sexual interests and functioning as declining in later life ( @percent@ ) more often than sustaining ( @percent@ ) .
approximately @percent@ of the articles suggested that older adults should explore new techniques to boost sexual pleasure , thereby medicalizing and ameliorating sexual decline.
objective : to assess the nature of beliefs and values among older adults with a focus on changes in worldview over time.
method : eighteen participants ( aged @number@ to @number@ ) were assigned to three age-stratified 90-minute focus groups.
each group of six addressed questions on the nature of their beliefs and values , and factors influencing these beliefs and values over time.
transcripts were coded using open , axial , and selective coding.
discussion : findings support a paradigmatic shift in worldview in old age heavily influenced by personal experiences.
though fundamental components of worldview remain remarkably stable , the expression of these elements is modified as individuals grow older.
this study explored how culture shapes relationships in aged care and the extent to which the residential aged care sector supports a cohesive multicultural workforce.
they used a range of coping strategies including ignoring , resilience and avoidance in such situations.
cald participants also reported prejudicial treatment from non-cald staff.
the provision and receipt of emotion work-defined as intentional activities done to promote another's emotional well-being-are central dimensions of marriage.
however , emotion work in response to physical health problems is a largely unexplored , yet likely important , aspect of the marital experience.
because physical health problems , emotion work , and marital dynamics are gendered , we consider how these processes differ for women and men.
we find that wives provide emotion work regardless of their own health status.
notions of traditional masculinity preclude some husbands from providing emotion work even when their wife is health-impaired.
women form a growing minority within the worldwide prison population and have special needs and distinct characteristics.
data collected from two prisons in switzerland housing women prisoners were studied.
additionally , five semi-structured interviews were conducted with efps.
prison administration and policy-makers need to be more sensitive to gender and age related issues in order to remedy these vulnerabilities.
background : although increasingly more lead extraction was performed for superfluous leads , the extraction of such leads remains controversial.
methods : four hundred eighty transvenous lead extraction procedures performed from @date@ through @date@ at mayo clinic ( rochester , minnesota ) were retrospectively reviewed.
of these , @number@ procedures were performed for superfluous functional or nonfunctional leads.
data were collected from electronic medical records and an institutional database of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.
forty-one percent of procedures were for lead malfunction.
the procedural complete-success rate was @percent@.
major complications occurred in @number@ patient ( @percent@ ) , who had a superior vena cava tear that required thoracotomy.
conclusion : transvenous extraction of superfluous leads is highly successful , with few procedural complications.
background : alcohol and cannabis are among the most widely used and abused drugs in industrialized societies.
methods : the sample comprised @number@ individuals ( @percent@ male , @percent@ white ) .
structural equation modeling was used to determine relations between auds and cuds across the three developmental periods , and to test for gender differences.
results : concurrent associations between aud and cud were significant.
both aud and cud in previous developmental periods significantly predicted the same substance disorders in subsequent periods.
cross-lagged paths from youth aud to young adult cud and youth cud to young adult aud were both significant.
however , only the cross-lagged path from youth cud to adult aud was significant.
the cross-lagged paths from young adult aud to adult cud and young adult cud to adult aud were both nonsignificant.
males and females were mostly similar with only three differences found between genders.
conclusions : comorbidity of auds and cuds was evident from youth through adulthood but the strength of the relationship lessened in adulthood.
temporal sequencing influences of auds and cuds on each other were similar in youth and adulthood but not young adulthood.
same substance stability was greatest in adulthood.
in general , there is an association between glutathione depletion and parkinson's or alzheimer's disease.
in addition , a significant decrease of glutathione transferase activity in selected areas of brain and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was found.
for some glutathione transferase genes there is also a correlation between polymorphisms and onset / outcome of neurodegenerative diseases.
background : difficulties with performance of functional activities may result from cognitive and / or physical impairments.
to date , there has not been a clear delineation of the physical and cognitive demands of activities of daily living.
objectives : to quantify the relative physical and cognitive demands required to complete typical functional activities in older adults.
design : expert panel survey.
setting : web-based platform.
methods : sum scores of expert ratings were calculated and then validated against objective data collected from a prospective longitudinal study.
this additional information may significantly influence decisions about rehabilitation , postacute care needs , treatment plans , and caregiver education.
aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in europe and north america and it is a real public health problem.
its prevalence increases with population aging.
symptomatic patients require surgery ( class i , level of evidence b ) .
it is therefore crucial to identify subgroups of patients at risk of pejorative progression in whom prophylactic surgery may be considered.
this article focuses on evaluating during exercise asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
somatic mutation is not evenly distributed and exhibits certain micro-sequence specificities.
t cell v genes are also skewed in targeting mutations but to a lesser extent and are lacking the codon usage bias observed in bcrs.
this suggests that the observed skew in t cell receptors is due to their amino acid usage , which is similar to that of bcrs.
the mutation targeting and the codon bias allow b cell cdrs to diversify by specifically accumulating nonconservative changes.
we counted the distribution of mutations to cdr in @number@ different human datasets.
finally , it appears that the mutation bias in v genes indeed relates to their long-term survival in actual human repertoires.
we observed that resting repertoires of b cells overexpressed v genes that were especially biased toward focused mutation and change in the cdr.
however , older patients did not retain this flexibility and were biased toward using only highly skewed v genes at all stages of their response.
particular attention is paid to relationships between reflex and escape responding and information on the pain sensitivity of normal human subjects or patients with pain.
numerous disparities between results for reflex and operant escape measures are described , but the results of operant testing are consistent with evidence from humans.
objective reasons are given for experimenters to choose between these and other methods of evaluating the nociceptive sensitivity of laboratory animals.
the overwhelming majority of sports-related sudden deaths occur among those older than @number@ years of age.
older athletes will approach clinical cardiologists for advice regarding their fitness for participation.
background : people who are physically active have at least a @percent@ lower risk of death during follow-up compared with those who are inactive.
however , the ideal dose of exercise for improving longevity is uncertain.
methods : as part of the copenhagen city heart study , @number@ healthy joggers and @number@ healthy nonjoggers have been prospectively followed up since @number@
cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with age as the underlying time scale and delayed entry.
the joggers were divided into light , moderate , and strenuous joggers.
however recent data have challenged this opinion.
the objective of this article was to determine not only cml content but also that of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ( hmf ) in raw and cooked butters.
the tests on fortified butter samples showed recovery values of @percent@ for cml and @percent@ for hmf.
the amounts of cml in raw and cooked butters were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ μg / g , respectively.
the level of hmf in cooked butters was @number@ ± @number@ μg / g.
no cml was detected in clarified butter , and no hmf was detected in raw and clarified butters.
the results indicate that the contribution of butter alone to the exposure to cml and hmf is very low.
in patients with chronic hf , prevalence of dm is @percent@ compared with @percent@ in those hospitalized with worsening hf.
these data support the need to re-evaluate the epidemiology , pathophysiology , and therapy of hf patients with concomitant dm.
this paper discusses the role of dm in hf patients and underscores the potential need for the development of targeted therapies.
human skin is largely composed of a collagen-rich connective tissue , which provides structural and functional support.
the collagen-rich connective tissue is produced , organized , and maintained by dermal fibroblasts.
during aging , dermal collagen fibrils undergo progressive loss and fragmentation , leading to thin and structurally weakened skin.
the frequency of cd11b ( + + ) neutrophils correlated with plasma tnf , and recombinant tnf elevated neutrophil cd11b ex vivo and in vivo.
furthermore , neutrophils from aged tnf-deficient mice expressed cd11b similar to young counterparts.
cell-surface tlr-9 expression , however , was unaltered on neutrophils from eld donors.
in summary , we provide novel evidence that products of age-related inflammation modulate neutrophil phenotype in vivo.
given this , anti-inflammatory therapies may prove beneficial in improving neutrophil functionality in the elderly.
variants were centric conventional molli , centric-paired conventional molli , linear 5b ( 3b ) 3b molli and spoiled gradient recalled echo molli.
contrast-to-noise , heart rate dependence and b1 + dependence were also evaluated.
results : a linear k-space trajectory was superior in vitro to centric and centric-paired trajectories.
the 5b ( 3b ) 3b molli scheme offered comparable native t1 measurement accuracy and precision to conventional molli , despite its shortened acquisition.
older cancer patients need to cope with two major stressful situations simultaneously - age-related stress and illness-related stress.
data were drawn from the two first waves of the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe.
five hundred ninety-eight participants reported that they were diagnosed with cancer or malignant tumours.
all participants completed self-report questionnaires tapping personal and medical data , qol and functional limitations.
by using a two-wave cross-lagged design , findings showed a reciprocal relationship between qol and functional limitations among older cancer patients.
this suggests that assessment of qol may be beneficial to clinicians in predicting deterioration in functional limitations among older patients receiving cancer treatment.
an if5 cdna was isolated by expression cloning from a mouse oocyte cdna library.
this gene is also termed btg4 or pc3b.
transiently expressed if5 / btg4 induced alkaline phosphatase activity in human embryonic kidney ( hek293t ) and 2t3 cells.
both protein and mrna levels of if5 / btg4 were reduced by aging when comparing 4-week-old mice with 48-week-old mice.
our findings suggest that if5 / btg4 may be an aging-related gene in epithelial cells.
in most cases , young women are affected , and an association of awp with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) has been surmised.
nutrition during critical periods of development is one of the pivotal factors in establishing a lifelong healthy metabolism.
moreover , it has been reported that chronic nutritional stress is associated with epigenetic alterations in mechanisms of gene regulation during pancreatic development and function.
such mechanisms include dna methylation as well as modifications of histones and micrornas ( mirnas ) .
besides , it has been found that this drug has anti-addictive effects.
materials and methods : heparinized human blood samples were incubated with ibogaine ( @number@ and @number@ μm ) at 37°c for 1h.
the stability of sod1 activity was further tested through in vitro incubation with h2o2 and scanning of its electrophoretic profiles.
membrane fluidity was determined using an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-labelling method.
ibogaine also increased sod1 activity in erythrocytes at both doses applied here.
overall , ibogaine acts as a pro-antioxidant by increasing activity of antioxidative enzymes and as an adaptagene in oxidative distress.
the aims of the study were to assess the change in nutritional status during hospitalization and determine if its decline is associated with prolonged los.
methods : this is a prospective cohort study conducted in @number@ canadian hospitals.
subjective global assessment ( sga ) and weight measurements were performed at admission and discharge.
patient information was collected at admission and extracted from the chart during hospitalization.
association between los and changes in sga or weight loss ≥5% was tested using multivariate cox ph approach.
results are expressed as hazard ratios ( hr ) and their @percent@ ci.
results : @number@ patients ( @percent@ male ) with a los > 7 days were analyzed.
patients ' median ( q1 , q3 ) age was @number@ years ( @number@ ) and los was @number@ days ( @number@ ) .
from admission to discharge , @percent@ remained well-nourished , @percent@ remained malnourished ( sga b or c ) , @percent@ deteriorated and @percent@ improved.
of the @number@ patients , @number@ had weight measurements at admission and discharge : @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ≥5% weight loss.
this suggests a role for nutrition care in reducing los.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder , typically causing dementia along aging.
growing evidence shows that ad targets cortical neuronal networks related to cognitive functions including episodic memory and visuospatial attention.
this is partially reflected by the abnormal mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization and coupling that generate resting state electroencephalographic ( eeg ) rhythms.
the cortical neural synchronization is typically indexed by eeg power density.
background : the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in delta event-related oscillations ( eros ) in younger and older healthy elderly subjects.
we hypothesized that delta eros were affected by age-related changes , which could be reflected in a visual oddball paradigm.
peak-to-peak amplitudes of delta ( @number@.5-3hz ) target ero responses during the post-stimulus 0-800ms time window were measured.
independent t-tests were applied for post-hoc analyses.
moreover , delta ero responses decreased in accordance with age.
based upon stress and coping theory , this study examined whether perceived family support protects the impact of negative emotional experience with dyslexia on self-esteem.
methods : adults aged @number@ years and older with diagnosed or self-reported dyslexia were participants in a web-based survey.
a total of @number@ individuals completed the survey.
these findings are from the @number@ participants who reported to be @number@ years or older.
completed measures include their perception of family support , emotional experience with dyslexia , self-esteem , and demographic variables.
results : preliminary analysis revealed that negative emotional experience with dyslexia negatively impacts self-esteem.
implications of these findings are discussed.
background : age is associated with outcomes in non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction ; however , less is known about rehospitalization or death among elderly survivors.
we aimed to evaluate mortality and cause-specific rehospitalization rates in this growing population of older adults with ischemic heart disease.
results : death at @number@ year increased markedly with age ( from @percent@ for 65-79 years to @percent@ for ≥90 years ) .
conclusions : evolving care delivery models should consider the high mortality in older adults after a non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
contrary to expectations , rehospitalization rates do not rise substantially with advancing age , and rehospitalization is often for noncardiac diagnoses.
this study examined the role of executive capacity ( ec ) and aging in multidimensional feature selection.
erps were recorded from healthy young and old adults of either high or average ec based on neuropsychological testing.
in contrast , average ec subjects exhaustively selected all features of a stimulus.
the self-terminating approach was associated with better task accuracy.
higher ec was also linked to stronger early selection of target letter-forms , but did not modulate the seemingly less demanding task of color selection.
we conclude that ec is a critical determinant of how multidimensional feature processing is carried out.
sleep quality markedly declines across the human lifespan.
in a placebo-controlled cross-over design , participants listened to hypnotic suggestions or a control tape before a midday nap while high density electroencephalography was recorded.
after the hypnotic suggestion , we observed a @percent@ increase in sws in females suggestible to hypnosis as compared to the control condition.
our results suggest that hypnotic suggestions might be a successful alternative for widely-used sleep-enhancing medication to extend sws and improve cognition in the elderly.
the same population of basse-normandie will get old in the @number@ years to come.
the impact of these demographic changes over the activity in the gynecology-obstetrics field is not clearly identified.
however , we predict a @percent@ diminution of the sterilizations by tubal implants.
globally , the activity in obstetrics and gynecology will remain constant with an insignificant augmentation of @number@ acts ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : in basse-normandie , the surgical activity in gynecology-obstetrics will moderately increase in the next @number@ years.
this constant activity signifies that there is no need to form more residents than the number of practitioner to retire.
objective : to evaluate the effect of diabetes by gender on the peak-risk of first-ever-ischemic stroke and its recurrence.
results : overall , diabetes increased the hr of first-ever ischemic stroke by about @percent@ in both genders.
conclusions : diabetes is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke although it declines with age though at lower rate among women than men.
the study of health behaviors and fostering health-behavior change is an important endeavor even in old age.
the aim of this viewpoint article is threefold.
first , we use a broad perspective for the definition of health behaviors to capture all relevant aspects of health-behavior change in older adults.
particularly , we suggest a distinction between proximal ( e.g. , physical activity ) and distal health behaviors ( e.g. , social participation ) .
second , we recommend a stronger orientation towards processes in order to study health behaviors and the design of health-behavior change interventions.
third , we review the advantages of a developmental perspective in health psychology.
future directions in the study of health behavior among older adults are discussed.
population studies have demonstrated that telomere length ( tl ) displays great diversity among different populations.
previously described controversial findings associated longevity with specific mitochondrial dna haplogroups ( hgs ) ( e.g. , j and u ) .
these observations may be influenced by population diversity , geographic location , and / or specific historic background.
the results show no significant correlation between tl , mitochondrial dna hgs and longevity.
a slight increase in frequency was observed among centenarians of hg h ; however , these findings were not statistically significant.
tl did not show any statically significant difference , only hg w had slightly longer telomeres among others.
excessive inflammation is a major cause of organ damage during sepsis.
the elderly are highly susceptible to sepsis-induced organ injury.
sirt1 expression is reduced during aging.
our results demonstrated that sirt1 deficiency led to severe lung inflammatory injury.
in summary , our results suggest that sirt1 suppresses acute lung inflammation during sepsis by controlling inflammasome activation pathway.
allostatic load ( al ) has been proposed as a general framework for understanding the cumulative effects of life stress on individuals.
despite growing interest in al , limited research has been conducted on aging samples.
the associations of al with cognitive abilities were not mediated by these brain volume measures.
al did not predict cognitive change from age @number@ to approximately age @number@
the findings suggest a link between al and later life brain health and cognitive functioning.
deep white matter hyperintensity ( dwmh ) and periventricular ( pv ) white matter lesion volumes are associated with age and subsequent stroke.
we studied age differences in these volumes accounting for collinearity and risk factors.
subjects were @number@ healthy family members of early-onset coronary artery disease patients.
using 3t magnetic resonance imaging , lesions were classified as dwmh or pv.
age association with lesion classification was analyzed using random effects tobit regression , adjusting for intracranial volume ( icv ) and risk factors.
subjects were @percent@ women , @percent@ african-american , mean age @number@ ± @number@ years.
pv , adjusted for dwmh and icv , was age associated ( p < @number@ ) .
we measured @number@ sorl1 snp alleles.
genotype-endophenotype associations were determined by linear regression analyses.
there was an association between rs2070045-g allele and increased csf-tau and more hippocampal atrophy.
additionally , haplotype-based analyses revealed an association between haplotype rs11218340-a / rs3824966-g / rs3824968-a and higher csf-tau and csf-tau phosphorylated at threonine @number@
african americans had significantly lower prevalence of incontinence and falls , but higher prevalence of dementia ; latinos had a lower prevalence of falls.
except for end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) , whites tended to have the highest rates of prevalent diabetic complications.
objective : to determine how older adult spouses react to their partners ' interpersonal suffering.
method : spouses of individuals with musculoskeletal pain were recorded describing their partners ' suffering while their blood pressure ( bp ) was monitored.
after the account , spouses described their distress.
speeches were transcribed and analyzed with linguistic inquiry and word count software and coded for interpersonal content.
multivariate regression analyses were conducted with interpersonal content variables predicting bp and distress.
exploratory qualitative analysis was conducted using atlas.ti to explore mechanisms behind quantitative results.
results : describing partners ' suffering as interpersonal and using social ( family ) words were associated with higher systolic bp reactivity.
husbands were more likely to describe partners ' suffering as interpersonal.
qualitative results suggested shared stressors and bereavement-related distress as potential mechanisms for heightened reactivity to interpersonal suffering.
discussion : spouses ' interpersonal suffering may negatively affect both men and women's cardiovascular health , and older husbands may be particularly affected.
background : the epidemiology of chronic pain with advancing age remains poorly established.
we present longitudinal data from age @number@ to @number@ years concerning chronic musculoskeletal / joint pain , abdominal pain , and headache.
setting : group training classes were held at a research center in itabashi ward , tokyo , japan.
participants : eighty-nine prefrail women aged @number@ years or older.
the e group exhibited a significantly increased handgrip strength at postintervention.
the positive effects , however , were not maintained at 6-month follow-up , but were reduced.
however , further studies are needed to examine approaches that facilitate maintenance of the improved outcomes by combined exercise training and nutritional intervention.
the observed neural characteristics of 5-repeat allele carriers may lead to an increased risk of adhd and behavioral deficits.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) -seropositivity has been shown to have a negative effect on influenza vaccine-specific antibody responses.
we also found that cmv-seropositivity is associated with increased levels of b cell-intrinsic inflammation and these both correlate with lower b cell function.
finally , cmv-seropositivity is associated with decreased percentages of individuals responding to the vaccine in both young and elderly individuals.
this study analyzes the relationship by examining the impact of health examination utilization on the utilizations of outpatient care and inpatient care.
data come from the @number@ national health interview survey and national health insurance research database.
a two-stage method is used in the estimation.
we found a negative relationship between the utilization of preventive care and hospitalization care in terms of length of stay and medical expenditures.
numerous activities require an individual to respond quickly to the correct stimulus.
children made less saccade errors compared to young adults , but they also exhibited longer response times in cued versus non-cued conditions.
in contrast , older adults showed faster responses in cued conditions but exhibited more errors.
the results indicate that young adults ( 18-25 years ) achieve an optimal balance between anticipation and execution.
in tauopathies , a neural microtubule-associated protein tau ( mapt ) is abnormally aggregated and forms neurofibrillary tangle.
therefore , inhibition of the tau aggregation is one of the key approaches for the treatment of these diseases.
here , we have identified a novel tau aggregation inhibitor , pe859.
these results suggest that pe859 is useful for the treatment of tauopathies.
transplantation of human neural stem / progenitor cells ( hnscs ) as a regenerative cell replacement therapy holds great promise.
however , the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
we , here , focused on the interaction between hnscs and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) in a co-culture model.
we also found that pbmcs , in turn , significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of hnscs.
our data suggest that hnscs cross-talk with immune cells.
as the selection of a medical modality is not completely independent , environmental and sociocultural contexts of ecological validity are desired.
the average division of tm / cam use was @number@ modalities in the null model and @number@ in the full model.
at the division level , tm / cam use was significantly related to aging population , employment status , and the number of medical institutions.
with a simultaneous evaluation of the individual-level and division-level influences , it was found that the average division of tm / cam use increased significantly.
the place of residence is an important predictor of tm / cam use.
their functions could vary depending on the pathophysiological state of the tissues.
background : we showed that obese insulin resistant postmenopausal women are characterized by higher lean body mass and elevated c-reactive protein.
interpretation of verbal fluency performances need to be tailored according to which verbal fluency variant and age group are used.
objectives : to identify abnormalities in high energy phosphate cerebral metabolism in euthymic bipolar disorder.
estimates of phosphocreatine ( pcr ) and adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) in homogeneous gray and white matter were obtained by tissue regression analysis.
additionally , age-corrected concentrations of pcr in gray matter were significantly elevated in bipolar subjects ( p = 0.0048 ) .
conclusions : our results suggest bioenergetic impairment related to mitochondrial function may be progressive in multi-episode bipolar subjects as they age.
as such , these results may be a potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of pd.
a large body of evidence supports a key role for telomere dysfunction in carcinogenesis due to the induction of chromosomal instability.
in comparison with normal ducts , telomere length was decreased in panin-1 , @number@ and @number@ and cancer.
furthermore , telomeres were shorter in cancer than in panin-1 and @number@
telomere length in cancer was not associated with histological type , lesion location , or cancer stage.
panins with or without cancer showed similar telomere lengths.
the incidences of atypical mitosis and anaphase bridges , which are morphological characteristics of chromosomal instability , were negatively correlated with telomere length.
our data strongly suggest that telomere shortening occurs in the early stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis and progresses with precancerous development.
telomere shortening and chromosomal instability in the duct epithelium might be associated with carcinogenesis of the pancreas.
determination of telomere length in pancreatic ductal lesions may be valuable for accurate detection and risk assessment of pancreatic cancer.
background : retinal microvascular signs may provide insights into the structure and function of small vessels that are associated with renal disease.
we examined the relationship of retinal microvascular signs with both prevalent and incident end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) in a multi-ethnic asian population.
retinopathy was graded using the modified airlie house classification system.
data on esrd was obtained by record linkage with the esrd cases registered by national registry of diseases office , singapore.
multi-variable adjusted regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of baseline retinal vascular parameters and prevalent and incident esrd.
results : at baseline , 21 ( @percent@ ) persons had prevalent esrd.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects developed esrd.
retinal arteriolar caliber , retinal venular caliber and retinal vascular fractal dimension were not associated with esrd.
little is known about how and why coping changes over time , nor about stability of coping strategies in persons with osteoarthritis.
method : in a cross-sectional study , @number@ older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee were assessed at baseline and two-years ' follow-up.
items from two coping scales were factor analyzed , and pearson's correlations and paired-samples t-tests assessed relative and absolute stability of the resultant coping strategies.
cfa assessed the stability of the factor structure itself.
ordinary least-squares regression analyses examined the impact of change in coping on well-being.
results : a five-factor coping solution emerged : stoicism , refocusing , problem-solving , wishful-thinking , and emotion-focused coping.
the factor structure showed stability over the two-year period.
absolute stability of strategies varied , indicating that change in coping styles was possible.
conclusion : changes in coping style predicts future well-being ; however , coping remains malleable with age and maladaptive strategies can be effectively targeted.
surgeons ' disagreement about ideal treatment for proximal humerus fractures ( phfs ) may reflect a difference in training.
we conducted a study to compare treatment decision-making by experienced shoulder and trauma fellowship trained surgeons.
two expert shoulder surgeons and @number@ expert trauma surgeons reviewed @number@ consecutive phfs surgically treated at another institution.
the scores were evaluated for interobserver reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients.
agreement on the final radiographic outcomes was more uniform and acceptable for both shoulder and trauma surgeons.
trauma surgeons agreed more with each other about treatment decisions than shoulder surgeons agreed with each other.
cobalamin ( vitamin b12 ) deficiency is a subtle progressive clinical disorder , affecting nearly @number@ in @number@ individuals > @number@ years old.
this deficiency is produced by age-related decreases in nutrient absorption , medications that interfere with vitamin b12 absorption , and other comorbidities.
a better understanding of genetic factors that contribute to cobalamin deficiency in the elderly would allow for targeted nursing care and preventive interventions.
these snps may modify the phenotype in older adults who are more likely to develop symptoms of vitamin b12 malabsorption.
results generally show stability in cognition , mood , and physical performance.
change in the mini-mental state examination at the first and second follow-ups ( mean = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) was negligible.
barriers to implementation of an intensive activities-focused intervention in rural communities are discussed.
objective : this single-centre cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the metabolic and gonadal risk factors of vascular diseases in elderly males.
methods : after screening , @number@ subjects aged 60-90 were found to be qualified.
r ( @number@ ) of logistic regression equation was used to estimate the goodness-of-fit of vascular diseases logistic regression models.
results : hypertension increased the risk of cardiovascular disease ( cavd ) in elderly men approximately 3-fold.
the number of metabolic diseases also correlated with incremental risks of cavd ; presence of one abnormality approximately increases the risk approximately @percent@.
c-peptide might be the underlying mechanism of the metabolic syndrome's effect on cevd.
c-peptide = @number@ u / l and fe ( @number@ ) = @number@ were the tangent points in receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analyses.
objectives : around @percent@ of diabetic men have lowered testosterone and symptoms of hypogonadism but the prevalence of hypogonadism among prediabetic men is unknown.
the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) in population of polish men with prediabetes.
methods : this study was performed in @number@ prediabetic men and in @number@ normoglycemic , control group.
prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose , impaired glucose tolerance and / or hba1c @number@.7-6.4%.
loh was defined as low libido , diminished frequency of morning erections and erectile dysfunctions in men with total testosterone < 12 nmol / l.
loh was diagnosed in @percent@ prediabetic men and in @percent@ control men.
there were negative relationships between calculated free testosterone ( cft ) and hba1c ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : in population of polish men with prediabetes we observed high prevalence of loh.
routine testosterone screening should be performed in all prediabetic men.
conclusion : the simultaneous presence of several good lifestyle habits increases the beneficial effect of reducing the risk of developing depressive symptoms in older adults.
thus , older adults are encouraged to have as many good lifestyle habits as possible to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
recently , the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing.
elimination of oxidized proteins is important to cells as accumulation of damaged proteins causes cellular dysfunction , disease , and aging.
abundant evidence shows that the 20s proteasome is largely responsible for degradation of oxidative proteins in both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent pathways.
however , the role of the regγ-proteasome in degrading oxidative proteins remains unclear.
we demonstrate that regγ-proteasome is essential for oxidative stress-induced rapid degradation of p21 and hcv proteins.
silencing regγ abrogated this response in multiple cell lines.
furthermore , pretreatment with proteasome inhibitor mg132 completely blunted oxidant-induced p21 degradation , indicating a proteasome-dependent action.
cellular oxidation promoted regγ-proteasome-dependent trypsin-like activity by enhancing the interaction between regγ and 20s proteasome.
antioxidant could counteract oxidation-induced protein degradation , indicating that regγ-proteasome activity may be regulated by redox state.
methods : electromyography ( emg ) signals of leg and trunk muscles were recorded.
results : the elderly were capable of stabilizing the copap coordinate based on co-varied involvement of the m-modes.
thus , we evaluated the add-on effect of cognitive rehabilitation on ad patients under donepezil treatment.
the present cognitive rehabilitation included physical therapy , occupational therapy and speech therapy for 1-2 h once or twice a week.
however , due to variability of baseline t2 values in volunteers , reference values need to be defined.
furthermore , intra- and interobserver variability were calculated using data from a large volunteer group.
methods : grase-derived multiecho images were analysed using dedicated software.
after sequence optimization , validation and sensitivity measurements were performed in muscle phantoms ex vivo and in vivo.
myocardial t2 values were analysed globally and according to the @number@ segment model.
strain-encoded ( senc ) imaging was additionally performed to investigate possible effects of myocardial strain on global or segmental t2 values.
besides that , t2 values reflected tissue water content.
while global t2 time significantly decreased towards the heart basis , female volunteers had significant higher t2 time irrespective of myocardial region.
we found no correlation of segmental t2 values with maximal systolic , diastolic strain or heart rate.
interestingly , volunteers´ age was significantly correlated to t2 time while that was not the case for other coincident cardiovascular risk factors.
conclusion : grase-derived t2 maps are highly reproducible.
however , female sex and aging with typical prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were accompanied by increased myocardial t2 values.
thus , sex and age must be considered as influence factors when using grase in a diagnostic manner.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate bone and muscle characteristics in children , adolescents , and young adults with mfs.
muscle mass was measured by dxa.
vitamin d deficiency ( < 50 nmol / l ) was found in about a quarter of patients.
serum vitamin d levels were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with lumbar spine areal and volumetric bmd.
in light of these results , we recommend that measurement of bone mineral status should be part of the longitudinal clinical investigation of mfs children.
experiencing a low socioeconomic status ( ses ) throughout the life course has been reported to be correlated with poor health outcomes.
several studies have suggested that income , wealth , and perceptions of economic status are associated with increased risk of death among elderly people.
few studies have investigated the association between lifetime ses and mortality among elderly adults.
the ses measures included in the analysis were annual income , the household wealth , and the self-perceived economic satisfaction.
a group-based trajectory modelling approach was employed to create ses trajectories.
cox proportional hazard models were employed to examine the association between ses trajectories and 8-year all-cause mortality ( 1999-2007 ) .
downward or upward mobility of income and wealth were associated with increased hazard of mortality.
however , decreased self-perceived economic satisfaction was not significantly associated with increased hazard of mortality.
retirement policies or strategies for maintaining and promoting favorable ses in early old age may benefit the health of elderly adults later in life.
amid growing concern about the graying population , an emerging theme in public health discourse is that of \ "successful aging. \ "
the effects of apolipoprotein e ( apo e ) polymorphism on mets are not well established.
mets was defined according to the american heart association-national heart , lung and blood institute-international diabetes federation-world health organization harmonized criteria.
results : our study population had a mean age ( standard deviation ) of @number@ ( @number@ ) years , and @percent@ had mets.
there was no association between the apo e genotypes and the mets.
recently , frailty has increasingly been recognized as a common and important hiv-associated non-aids ( hana ) condition.
background : the demographic structure of a country changes dramatically with increasing trends toward general population aging and declining birth rates.
of the total population , those aged ≥75 years accounted for @percent@ as of @number@ and this is expected to reach @percent@ in @number@
as the demographic structure changes , the disease structure changes , and therefore the medical care demand changes.
to accommodate the medical care demand changes , it is necessary to secure a system for providing medical care.
there are increasing needs for qol-emphasizing home-based care for patients in the intermediate stage after completion of acute stage treatment , or for end-of-life care.
it is also necessary to develop the organic cooperation with other medical and nursing care professionals , such as registered nurses and care workers.
( @number@ ) do the people understand the paradigm shift ?
various issues related to general population aging are posing serious problems , which require prompt resolution.
although we made a number of proposals at the 21st subcommittee for aging , the situation has not changed satisfactorily.
accordingly , the present proposals on specific solutions were designed.
efforts must be made to nurture locally wanted physicians through specific efforts concerning team-based medicine.
by establishing these centers , uniform accessibility for the quality of medical care for the elderly in each region is expected.
( abstract truncated ) .
results : care quality improved substantially over time in both arms.
discussion : dementia care quality improved regardless of how care management was delivered ; large differences in effectiveness or cost offsets were not detected.
scope : zinc deficiency results in immune dysfunction and promotes systemic inflammation.
the objective of this study was to examine the effects of zinc deficiency on cellular immune activation and epigenetic mechanisms that promote inflammation.
this work is potentially relevant to the aging population given that age-related immune defects , including chronic inflammation , coincide with declining zinc status.
a decreased zinc status in aged mice was similarly associated with increased icam1 and il6 gene expression.
conclusion : zinc deficiency induced inflammatory response in part by eliciting aberrant immune cell activation and altered promoter methylation.
our results suggested potential interactions between zinc status , epigenetics , and immune function , and how their dysregulation could contribute to chronic inflammation.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of death in the united states and aging is a major risk factor for cvd development.
one of the major age-related arterial phenotypes thought to be responsible for the development of cvd in older adults is endothelial dysfunction.
other potential mediators of this pro-inflammatory endothelial phenotype are increases in immune or senescent cells in the vasculature.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "si : cv aging \ ".
background : preventing falls is an international priority.
there is a need to synthesize the highest-quality falls prevention evidence in one place for clinicians.
sixteen meta-analyses , representing @number@ pooled analyses , were included.
data extraction : two authors independently extracted data.
data synthesis : data were narratively synthesized.
the methodological quality of the meta-analyses was moderate.
three meta-analyses defined a fall , and @number@ reported adverse events ( although minor ) .
there is consistent evidence that multifactorial interventions reduce falls ( @date@ , @percent@ reported significant reduction ) .
there is conflicting evidence regarding the influence of vitamin d supplementation ( @date@ , @percent@ reported significant reduction ) .
there may be some overlap among included meta-analyses.
conclusions : there is consistent evidence that exercise and individually tailored multifactorial interventions are effective in reducing falls in community-dwelling older adults.
mobility and function are important predictors of survival.
however , their combined impact on mortality in adults ≥65 years with heart failure ( hf ) is not well understood.
data on hf and mortality were collected through annual examinations or contact during the 10-year follow-up period.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ participants died during the follow-up period.
unlabelled : regional anesthesia has increasingly expanded its role in the perioperative care of patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.
the techniques utilized to achieve analgesia of the foot and ankle are diverse , multifaceted , and often incorporate ultrasound guidance.
this review highlights some of the most current developments in the expanding role of regional anesthesia in foot and ankle surgery.
levels of evidence : therapeutic , level ii.
this study quantified the association between pa and wm integrity in adults over @number@
the moderating effects of cardiometabolic conditions , physical functional limitations and wm hyperintensities were also examined , as they can affect pa and brain integrity.
clinical adjudication of cognitive status , prevalence of stroke and diabetes , systolic blood pressure , and gait speed were assessed at time of neuroimaging.
higher steps , aee and duration , but not intensity , were significantly associated with higher fa.
associations were localized in frontal and temporal areas.
moderating effects of cardiometabolic conditions , physical functional limitations , and wm hyperintensities were not significant.
neither fa nor pa was related to cognitive status.
studies of very old adults to quantify the role of pa in reducing dementia burden via wm integrity are warranted.
background : research illustrates cognitive deficits in children and younger adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) .
few studies have focused on the cognitive functioning in older adults.
this study investigates the association between adhd and cognitive functioning in older adults.
methods : data were collected in a cross-sectional side study of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
a diagnostic interview to diagnose adhd was administered among a subsample ( n = @number@ age 60-94 ) .
adhd symptoms and diagnosis were assessed with the diagnostic interview for adhd in adults ( diva ) @number@
cognitive functioning was assessed with tests in the domains of executive functioning , information processing speed , memory , and attention / working memory.
results : regression analyses indicate that adhd diagnosis and adhd severity were only negatively associated with cognitive functioning in the attention / working memory domain.
when adjusting for depression , these associations were no longer significant.
conclusion : the study shows that adhd in older adults is associated with lower cognitive functioning in the attention / working memory domain.
however , this was partly explained by depressive symptoms.
age-related decreases in skeletal muscle quantity , termed sarcopenia , have traditionally been blamed for these physical decrements.
however , recent evidence suggests that the quality of muscle tissue may be more functionally relevant than its quantity.
skeletal muscle displays a strong structure-function relationship by which several architectural characteristics factor into its functional capacity.
muscle qualitative features are described from the perspective of how physical exercise may improve muscle quality in older adults.
further , these two defects may be related , as enforcing autophagy in ccm3-deficient late passage cells increases c / ebpβ cytokine expression.
we evaluated associations of urine piiinp with ckd progression and incident esrd.
associations of urine piiinp with cardiovascular disease , heart failure , and death were evaluated as secondary end points.
higher urine piiinp level was also associated with incident esrd , but results were not significant in fully adjusted models.
these data suggest higher urine piiinp levels associate with ckd progression independently of egfr and acr in older individuals.
the outcome variable was the presence of difficulties while carrying out basic adl after @number@ years.
life and health span can be prolonged by calorie limitation or by pharmacologic agents that mimic the effects of caloric restriction.
autophagy ( \ "self-eating \ " ) constitutes one of the most spectacular yet subtly regulated phenomena in cell biology.
numerous attempts have been launched to identify specific inducers or inhibitors of autophagy and to use them for the therapeutic correction of its deregulation.
driven by promising preclinical results , several clinical trials are exploring autophagy as a therapeutic target.
background : insufficiency in vitamin d , a neurosteroid hormone , is associated with cognitive decline in older adults.
the impact on the subjective perception of cognitive decline has not yet been examined.
the objective of this cross-sectional hospital-based study was to determine whether vitamin d insufficiency was associated with subjective cognitive complaint amongst geriatric patients.
subjective cognitive complaint was examined using the memory complaint questionnaire ( mac-q ; score 0-30 , best ) .
mac-q score < 15 out of @number@ defined severe cognitive complaint.
conclusion : vitamin d insufficiency was associated with subjective cognitive complaint in the studied cohort of geriatric patients.
as the baby boom generation ages , policymakers are expressing concerns about rising costs , variation in home healthcare service use , and program integrity.
this article describes the initiative and invites readers to provide comments and suggestions.
to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in a sample of polish older adults.
the study was designed in a cross-sectional and observational manner.
visual impairment was defined as distance visual acuity < 20 / 40 in the worse-seeing eye.
visual impairment was found in @percent@ subjects in the worse-seeing eye.
no association was found between visual impairment and socioeconomic status of subjects.
noncorrectable visual impairment was found in @percent@ of subjects , including @percent@ of subjects with unilateral and @percent@ of subjects with bilateral visual impairment.
retinal diseases represented the major cause of noncorrectable visual impairment and accounted for more than half of causes of blindness.
provision of appropriate refractive correction improves visual acuity in @percent@ subjects presenting with visual impairment.
retinal diseases are a major cause of noncorrectable visual impairment and blindness in this older population.
by virtue of medical advances and an aging society , people have increased opportunities for healthcare exposure.
little is known about the impact of healthcare exposure on the clinical features and molecular typing of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus ( mssa ) bacteremia.
antibiotic susceptibilities and multilocus sequence typing of mssa isolates were also determined.
st188 ( @percent@ ) was the most common sequence type regardless of classification.
the proportions of osteoarticular infections among patients with both haco and ca bacteremia were higher than that of patients with ho bacteremia.
in conclusion , patients with haco bacteremia had different host factors compared with those with ca bacteremia.
infection foci varied with different onset settings.
overall , st188 was the most predominant sequence type.
onset settings were not independently associated with outcomes.
as the number of people older than @number@ years in the united states increases , the home care population will increase as well.
many of these patients will have several chronic diseases , including those related to vision loss.
home healthcare clinicians are in a position to promote patient safety by educating these patients about the devices available for those with decreased vision.
this article provides guidance on the most appropriate methods for communicating with patients who have limited vision.
the @number@ major causes of vision loss in this population are briefly reviewed.
low-vision aids are described and sources for these products are identified.
background : approximately @percent@ of patients exploring treatments for wrinkle reduction , have reservations about toxins.
therefore , a nonsurgical , minimally invasive , and toxin-free approach to eliminate facial hyperdynamic lines is desirable.
objective : to assess the clinical safety and effectiveness of focused cold therapy ( fct ) for the reduction of hyperdynamic forehead wrinkles.
methods : forty-one subjects received fct to temporal branches of the facial nerve.
a validated 5-point wrinkle scale and a 9-point global improvement scale were used to measure line severity.
results : five subjects received a lower treatment dose and were therefore excluded from analysis.
there were no serious adverse events.
conclusion : subjects treated for forehead wrinkles showed significant clinical improvement with high subject satisfaction and no serious adverse events.
focused cold therapy seems to be an effective , safe nontoxic alternative to popular wrinkle-reducing treatments.
we propose a human-derived neuro- / glial cell three-dimensional in vitro model to investigate the effects of microgravity on cell-cell interactions.
cell survival was maintained within all cell aggregates over @number@ weeks of culture.
background : there are limited data on patients aged > 75 years with myocardial infarction ( mi ) , especially those who are treated conservatively.
hypothesis : there are important differences in the clinical characteristics and outcome between elderly mi patients selected for invasive or conservative treatment strategy.
a higher proportion of patients in the cg had a history of heart failure and cerebrovascular disease.
our data suggest that the invasive treatment strategy is associated with better outcome.
several communication intervention studies have been conducted to improve communication between nursing home staff and nursing home residents with dementia.
these studies have shown that communication skills training can improve nursing aides ' communication with nursing home residents.
however , these studies tended to be time-consuming and fairly difficult to implement.
mixed anovas showed that , after training , nursing aides in the intervention group experienced less caregiver distress.
additionally , the number of short instructions and instances of positive speech increased.
respondents believed the most helpful treatments for depression were increasing physical activity , counseling , and antidepressant medication.
the primary study outcomes were change in ipss , bp , and heart rate from baseline.
secondary outcomes were change in ipss-quality of life score , maximum flow rate , average flow rate , voided volume , and post-voided volume.
in patients with uncontrolled or untreated hypertension , alfuzosin @number@ mg alone or combined with antihypertensive therapy significantly decreased systolic and diastolic bp.
conclusion : this study shows that alfuzosin @number@ mg is effective and well tolerated in patients with bph / luts with or without antihypertensive medications.
purpose : cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
among these diseases , heart failure ( hf ) and acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) are the most common causes of hospitalization.
therefore , readmission for hf and ami is receiving increasing attention.
methods : the search was carried out by querying an electronic database and hand searching.
a quality assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers.
the agreement was quantified by cohen's kappa statistic.
the outcomes of studies were categorized in the short-term and the long-term , according to the follow-up period of readmission.
a positive association was reported if an increase in the risk for readmission among disadvantaged patients was found.
a cumulative effect of socioeconomic factors was computed by considering the association for each study and the number of available studies.
results : a total of eleven articles were included in the review.
they were mainly published in the united states.
all the articles analyzed patients who were hospitalized for hf , and four of them also analyzed patients with ami.
seven studies ( @percent@ ) were found for the short-term outcome , and four studies ( @percent@ ) were found for the long-term outcome.
for the short-term outcome , race / ethnicity and marital status showed a positive cumulative effect on the risk for readmission.
regarding the educational level of a patient , no effect was found.
multidisciplinary hospital-based quality initiatives , disease management , and care transition programs are a priority for health care systems to achieve better coordination.
methods : this cross-sectional study included ten apparently healthy people who had been submitted to a protocol on a cycle ergometer for @number@ minutes.
autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis of hr variability ( hrv ) .
there is a vast amount of evidence from psychological studies that the amount of parent-child interaction affects the development of children's verbal skills and knowledge.
however , despite the vast amount of literature , brain structural development associated with the amount of parent-child interaction has never been investigated.
subsequent analyses revealed verbal parent-child interactions have similar effects on verbal comprehension scores and rgmd in the right stg in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
these findings indicate that parent-child interactions affect the right stg , which may be associated with verbal skills.
we coupled training with parietal , motor , or sham transcranial random noise stimulation , known for modulating neural activity.
numerosity discrimination improved after training and was maintained long term , especially in the training + parietal stimulation group , regardless of age.
each year , @number@ million people worldwide survive the neurologic injury associated with a stroke.
importantly , stroke survivors have more than twice the risk of subsequently developing dementia compared with people who have never had a stroke.
the link between stroke and the later development of dementia is not understood.
therefore , we tested the hypothesis that a b-lymphocyte response to stroke could contribute to the onset of dementia.
we discovered that , in mouse models , activated b-lymphocytes infiltrate infarcted tissue in the weeks after stroke.
b-lymphocytes undergo isotype switching , and igm , igg , and iga antibodies are found in the neuropil adjacent to the lesion.
concurrently , mice develop delayed deficits in ltp and cognition.
genetic deficiency , and the pharmacologic ablation of b-lymphocytes using an anti-cd20 antibody , prevents the appearance of delayed cognitive deficits.
methods : data came from @number@ autopsied participants without ftld in @number@ community-based studies of aging.
participants underwent uniform neuropathologic evaluations , including tdp-43 cytoplasmic inclusions.
we examined the association of tmem106b variants with a semiquantitative measure of tdp-43 pathology in a series of regression analysis.
we explored potential pathways by leveraging genetic , brain dna methylation , mirna , and transcriptomic data collected from this same group of participants.
results : tdp-43 pathology was identified in @percent@ of the participants.
the index single-nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) , rs1990622 ( a ) , was associated with more advanced tdp-43 pathology.
top hits from fine mapping of the locus were in linkage disequilibrium of the index snp.
grn expression was upregulated in rs1990622 ( aa / ag ) carriers , and was associated with more advanced tdp-43 pathology.
the tmem106b variants were associated with lower level of dna methylation in an active enhancer in grn.
conclusions : common variants in tmem106b serve as a distinct risk factor for tdp-43 pathology in older persons without ftld.
the role of grn expression and epigenetic mechanisms associating tmem106b in the accumulation of tdp-43 in older persons require further study.
neuropsychiatric symptoms were determined at baseline using the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire.
models were adjusted for sex , education , and medical comorbidity.
results : baseline agitation , nighttime behaviors , depression , and apathy significantly increased the risk of incident dementia.
anxiety , irritability , and appetite / eating were not associated with increased risk of incident dementia.
conclusions : among prevalent mci cases , baseline agitation , nighttime behaviors , depression , and apathy elevated the risk of incident dementia.
there was a synergistic interaction between depression or apathy and apoe ε4 in further elevating the risk of incident dementia.
altered expressed genes after ne treatment were identified and further confirmed by rt-qpcr , and by elisa for protein changes.
we further determined whether the observed ne effects on memory cd8 t cells are mediated by adrb2 using specific adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonists.
results : we found that memory ( tcm and tem ) cd8 t cells expressed a significantly higher level of adrb2 compared to naïve cells.
consequently , memory cd8 t cells were significantly more sensitive than naïve cells to ne induced changes in gene expressions in vitro.
the effects of ne on memory cd8 t cells were primarily mediated by adrb2 as confirmed by the adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonist assays.
finally , individuals with high serum levels of ne had similar elevated gene expressions observed in vitro compared to the low ne group.
the rate of skin aging , or that of tissue in general , is determined by a variable predominance of tissue degeneration over tissue regeneration.
this review discusses the role of oxidative events of tissue degeneration and aging in general , and for the skin in particular.
the mechanisms involved in intrinsic and extrinsic ( photo- ) aging are described.
also mitohormesis , an adaptive response , may arise in vivo to moderate ros levels , further complicating interpretation of in vivo results.
bombesin receptor subtype-3 ( brs-3 ) is an orphan g-protein-coupled receptor ( gpcr ) member of the bombesin receptor family.
several studies have suggested an association between obesity , alterations in glucose metabolism , diabetes and the brs-3 receptor.
in this study , we focused on patients simultaneously diagnosed with obesity and type @number@ diabetes ( ob / t2d ) .
this effect was less promiment than that attained with 10-8 m insulin ( @number@ ± @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
corneal inlays are a relatively new treatment modality that is effective at compensating for presbyopia.
the dimensions of these devices vary from @number@ to @number@ mm in diameter and @number@ to @number@ μm in thickness.
they are implanted in the anterior corneal stroma of the non-dominant eye , most commonly , in a femtosecond laser created corneal pocket.
this article reviews the literature on the efficacy and safety of corneal inlays.
objectives : controlling blood pressure is a key step in reducing cardiovascular mortality in older adults.
gender differences in patients ' attitudes after disease diagnosis and their management of the disease have been identified.
however , it is unclear whether gender differences exist in hypertension management among older adults.
we hypothesized that gender differences would exist among factors associated with hypertension diagnosis and control among community-dwelling , older adults.
multiple logistic regression was used to compare several variables between undiagnosed and diagnosed hypertension , and between uncontrolled and controlled hypertension.
results : diabetes was more prevalent in men and women who had uncontrolled hypertension than those with controlled hypertension or undiagnosed hypertension.
high body mass index was significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension only in men.
more highly educated women were more likely to have controlled hypertension than non-educated women ( or , @number@ p = 0.013 ) .
education-based health promotion strategies for hypertension control might be more effective in elderly women than in elderly men.
gender-specific approaches may be required to effectively control hypertension among older adults.
because south korea is rapidly becoming an aging population , this high elderly suicidal rate will only get worse.
even though the factors that affect elderly suicide are complicated , there has been little research into these influencing factors.
thus , this research uses the national survey data ( community health survey ) that was obtained in @number@
additionally , we analyze factors affecting elderly suicidal ideation and attempts as well as the paths of these effects.
methods : community health survey data obtained by the korea centers for disease control and prevention in @number@ was used for this study.
we additionally examined the factors that affect suicide with chi-squared tests , t-tests , pearson's correlation test , and path analysis.
results : depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are the only factors that directly affect suicidal attempts.
demographic , behavioral , and physical activity factors have indirect effects on suicidal attempts.
conclusions : depression has the strongest influence on suicidal ideation and attempts.
demographic , behavioral , and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts mostly through depressive symptoms.
this means that the elderly who do not have depression symptoms attempt suicide according to their own situations and characteristics.
joint modeling methods have become popular tools to link important features extracted from longitudinal data to a primary event.
we also consider both shared random effect and latent class ( lc ) approaches in the primary-outcome model to predict a binary outcome of interest.
under this setting , the lc model has a superior performance in within-sample prediction that cannot be duplicated when predicting new samples.
this is a unique feature of the lc approach that is new as far as we know to the existing literature.
testosterone has now become one of the most widely used medications throughout the world.
the rapid growth of the testosterone market in the past @number@ years is due to many factors.
we currently have a worldwide aging population.
method : vocal-fold vibrations were analyzed for @number@ children ( aged 5-11 years ) and @number@ adults ( aged 21-45 years ) without voice disorders.
values of normalized average closing velocity and speed quotient were higher in children compared to adult men.
conclusions : when compared to adult men , developing children typically have higher estimates of kinematic features related to normalized displacement and its derivatives.
in most cases , the kinematic features of children are closer to those of adult men than adult women.
we recently identified a novel susceptibility variant , rs865686 , for estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer at 9q31.2.
this snp is one of a cluster of highly correlated variants , including rs865686 , that spans ∼14.5 kb.
in vitro analyses indicate that rs10816625 and rs13294895 have allele-specific effects on enhancer activity and suggest chromatin interactions with the klf4 gene locus.
these results demonstrate the power of dense genotyping in large studies to identify independent susceptibility variants.
using clinical practice as the starting point , the goal was to reproduce the clinical diagnosis.
the diagnosis based on clinical criteria was used as reference standard , as it was the best available reference despite its known limitations.
for evaluation , a previously unseen test set was used consisting of @number@ t1-weighted mri scans with the diagnoses blinded.
fifteen research teams participated with a total of @number@ algorithms.
the best performing algorithm yielded an accuracy of @percent@ and an area under the curve ( auc ) of @percent@.
the challenge is open for new submissions via the web-based framework : @url@
population aging is the demographic phenomenon characterizing all countries in the world , and it is challenging the national infrastructures , in particular health systems.
therefore , if people age in better health , medical spending may be significantly reduced.
including hz vaccination in its citizens ' lifetime immunization calendar can reinforce europe's commitment toward active , healthy aging.
this paper outlines the consensus statement of a group of italian experts on hz.
we studied @number@ caucasian participants ( @number@ females ) aged 45-66years in the busselton healthy ageing study in western australia.
body composition and bmd of total body , lumbar spine , total hip and femoral neck were measured using dxa.
from generalized additive models , the positive relationships between bmi and bmd were weaker at high bmi , particularly at the spine and in males.
in the entire cohort , adjusting for relevant covariates , lm and fm were significant predictors of all bmd measures in both genders.
in addition to thousands of research papers related to resveratrol ( rsv ) , approximately @number@ review articles have been published.
earlier research tended to focus on pharmacological activities of rsv related to cardiovascular systems , inflammation , and carcinogenesis / cancer development.
herein , we primarily focus on the in vivo pharmacological effects of rsv reported over the past @number@ years ( 2009-2014 ) .
in addition , recent clinical intervention studies performed with resveratrol are summarized.
nevertheless , many positive indications have been reported with mammals , so it is reasonable to advocate for the conduct of more definitive clinical studies.
since the safety profile is pristine , an added advantage is the use of rsv as a dietary supplement.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : resveratrol : challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
background : fractional co2 -laser resurfacing is increasingly used for treating rhytides and photoaged skin because of its favorable benefit-risk ratio.
a key outcome measure and treatment goal in aesthetic laser therapy is patient satisfaction.
however , few data are available on patient-reported outcomes after fractional ablative skin-resurfacing.
methods : we investigated patient expectation and satisfaction using a 14-item questionnaire in @number@ female patients.
we assessed the skin-related quality of life and patient satisfaction with skin appearance.
we profilometrically measured wrinkle size in four facial areas before and three months after treatment and investigated correlations between wrinkle reduction and patient satisfaction.
results : the high patient expectations before treatment ( ceiling effect ) were actually slightly exceeded.
skin-related quality of life and patient satisfaction with skin appearance had significantly improved after the last treatment.
patient satisfaction with skin appearance was not correlated to the profilometrically measured reduction of wrinkle size of any facial area.
conclusions : our results show high patient satisfaction with ablative fractional skin resurfacing , also regarding improved self-esteem and self-satisfaction despite high pre-treatment expectations.
skin-specific quality of life had significantly improved.
thus , this treatment modality can be recommended for patients with photoaged skin wishing to improve skin appearance.
in contrast , reduction of fkbp51 renders cells more sensitive to mtorc2 inhibition.
these findings have implications for treating specific diseases , including neurodegeneration and cancer , as well as targeting aging in general.
methods : metalloproteinase- @date@ ( mmp- @date@ ) activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and gelatinase activity assay kit.
furthermore , the matrigel migration assay showed that sseo effectively reduced tnf-α-induced hasmc migration compared with that in the control group.
taken together , these results suggest that sseo has putative potential anti-atherosclerotic activity.
background : depression represents one of the most common psychiatric disorders among older adults.
married couples are affected frequently , and psychiatric problems usually affect marital satisfaction.
therefore , we investigate whether age differences between couples affect extent of depressive symptoms among older adults.
a generalized linear mixed model was used for the data analysis.
conclusions : age differences between husbands and wives impact their relationship , including any particular marital issues encountered.
similarity in oldest parturitions in humans and great apes suggests that we maintain ancestral rates of ovarian aging.
cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike.
based on globocan estimates , about @number@ million new cancer cases and @number@ million deaths occurred in @number@ worldwide.
other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males.
in less developed countries , liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death.
results : cumulative results of cbc and hba1c could be retrieved for @number@ outpatients aged @number@ years or older throughout the study period.
background : currently , there are no appropriate ris of blood cells available for the elderly in most clinical laboratories in china.
the aim of this study is to establish the ris of complete blood cell count for apparently healthy elderly people.
methods : blood specimens were collected from elderly residents by standard procedures.
complete blood counts were determined by sysmex xe-2100 analyzer.
the ris and @percent@ confidence intervals were calculated by the robust method recommended by clsi c28-a3 guideline.
conclusions : we established scientific and reasonable ris of blood cell analysis for the healthy elderly in our region.
these changes are reproducible and have already been described well.
however , they can lead to incorrect flagging when using automated hematology analyzers for complete blood counts and white blood cell differentials.
the aim of this study was to determine if those changes can be detected automatically and used to prevent false positive flagging.
methods : @number@ blood samples were aged under controlled conditions and the impact on the \ "aged sample \ " software was checked retrospectively.
the results were verified in a second retrospective study including @number@ routine samples.
falling is a major health-related risk among older adults due to injuries , disability , and even death.
although physical activity ( pa ) can prevent falls , most older adults are inactive due to limited motivation.
the participants were assessed using standardized scales.
based on the path analysis , the hypothesized framework fit the sample data.
subjective norm was mostly associated with the soc followed by attitude and perceived control.
the variance explained in the soc , pa , and falls risks were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
health promoters can use the proposed framework to promote pa and decrease falls risk.
using a representative sample of older adults living in detroit , this study examined the association between age-friendly environment factors and self-rated health.
moreover , individual-level income and education no longer predicted self-rated health once age-friendly environment factors were taken into account.
these findings highlight the need for more research documenting the effects of age-friendly environments , particularly across diverse contexts and populations.
for some it facilitates caregiving in the traditional , expected manner.
other caregivers disavow its current relevance.
we discuss these complex , multidimensional findings , the variation among caregivers , and present implications for practice , policy , and research.
primary barriers to participation related to staffing and perceived inability to recruit older adult participants meeting research criteria.
the primary facilitator was a desire to offer programs that were of interest and beneficial to seniors.
senior centers are interested in participating in research that provides benefit to older adults but may need assistance from researchers to overcome participation barriers.
they matched gender-typed objects to same-sex recipients , reproducing circumstances of possession and passing on expectations for gender identity.
these strategies economized a big task by shaping decisions about who should get what and who will do what.
in turn , these practices affirmed the gendered nature of possession and care work into another generation.
social integration is increasingly recognized as key to successful aging ; however , definitions and assessments vary greatly across gerontological studies.
this study describes the development of and provides preliminary evidence for the multidimensional social integration in later life scale ( sills ) .
factor analysis was used to determine a four-factor structure that included dimensions of frequency-social ties , frequency-social activities , satisfaction-social ties , and satisfaction-social activities.
the overall scale cronbach's α was @number@ ( subscales ranged from @number@ to @number@ ) , demonstrating good internal consistency.
preliminary results suggest that the sills has adequate concurrent and convergent validity.
widowhood is often associated with decreased mental health.
in developing countries with low institutional support , such as mexico , social integration can be particularly consequential for widowed older adults ' psychological well-being.
this study investigates the interplay among depressive symptoms , widowhood , gender , and social integration in a nationally representative sample of older mexicans.
the findings indicate that social integration can mitigate as well as exacerbate depressive symptomatology among older mexicans.
certain aspects of social integration can moderate marital status-gender differences in depressive symptoms among older mexicans.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of creative dance on physical fitness and life satisfaction in older women.
methods : a total of @number@ women ( 65-80 years old ) were randomized to either an experimental group or a control group.
the experimental group participated in a supervised creative dance program for @number@ weeks.
results : after the intervention , the experimental group had better physical fitness and life satisfaction when compared with the control group.
conclusion : creative dance has a positive effect in different dimensions of functioning and has the potential to contribute to healthy aging.
this could be related to the integrated mobilization of physical , cognitive , and social skills promoted by creative dance.
this article tests whether functional status is associated with likelihood of social contact among older adults.
functional status is measured using an index of activities of daily living ( adl ) and instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) .
results indicate that functional limitations have a broad impact on self-reported social contact among older adults.
functional assessment methods are an important element in multidimensional neuropsychological evaluations , particularly in older adults.
the adults and older adults functional assessment inventory is a new measure of basic and instrumental activities of daily living.
rasch model analyses were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the instrument in a sample of @number@ participants.
the original categories did not provide an optimal assessment of functional incapacity.
the scale was dichotomized to achieve a better reliability score and item fit.
the scores were able to discriminate between normal controls and clinical patients.
of the items showed differential item functioning associated with age , gender , or education.
the instrument is able to achieve measures of functional incapacity with the useful properties of the rasch model.
this article reports on the findings of a study that explored older lesbian and bisexual women's access to publicly funded home care in ontario.
recent health reforms have increasingly shifted the bulk of care of individuals from health care institutions to private homes and communities.
sixteen women participated in a qualitative case study with semistructured interviews.
iterative thematic analysis was used to analyze the data along with the use of a feminist political economy framework.
this study deepens existing knowledge by demonstrating how chronic illness and sexual minority status can further exacerbate the consequences of rationing public care.
adults with more social interactions used more propositions when talking to a child.
in addition , satisfaction with interactions was significantly positively related to task-tracking devices and negatively related to rapport-building devices by older adults.
these results suggest that audience design and social relations are worth further study in language maintenance in older age.
methods : we analyzed data from the @number@ and @number@ waves of the health and retirement study.
we estimated multinomial logistic models of the direction and linear regression models of the amounts of oop changes over survey periods.
results : financial-based factors were more strongly associated with the direction and magnitude of changing self-payments for dental care than were health factors.
the sensitivity to dental coverage changes should be considered as insurance and retirement policy reforms are deliberated.
social minorities ( racial , ethnic , cultural , and sexual minorities ) are at high risk for all three.
this study explores state-level diversity initiatives to welcome these social minorities in cmps.
a national survey was distributed to each state unit on aging , all but three states participated.
negative binomial regression results find state minority population percentage is a significant predictor of the number of diversity initiatives at cmps.
states with lgbt cmps reported the highest levels of racial / ethnic / cultural diversity initiatives and high levels of statewide lgbt protective policies.
recommendations are suggested that build upon the diversification success of states to further the mission of oaa in reaching high-risk older adults.
two-stage probit least squares models assess the impact of relocation on depression and whether social support influences this relationship.
our findings demonstrate that migrants have higher levels of depression than nonmigrants , after controlling for selection into migration and risk factors.
however , postmigration losses of emotional , instrumental , and financial support do not account for the gap in depression between migrants and nonmigrants.
levels of depression are similar between nonmigrants and migrants relocated for infrastructure projects , poverty alleviation , or disaster management.
only migrants relocated to conserve sensitive ecological areas have higher levels of depression than nonmigrants.
this suggests that project-induced displacement is not as detrimental for the mental health of seniors as previous studies demonstrate it is for younger people.
agency is an important factor in postmigration outcomes.
migrants who can self-determine their place of resettlement have more favorable outcomes than others.
we know much about caregiving women compared with caregiving men and caregiving spouses compared with caregiving adult children.
we know less about the intersections of relationship and gender.
this article explores this intersection through the well-being ( burden and self-esteem ) of caregivers to family members with dementia.
throughout british columbia , canada , @number@ caregivers were interviewed in person for on average , over 1½ hours.
the results reveal that daughters experience the highest burden but also the highest self-esteem , suggesting the role is less salient for their self-identities.
wives emerge as the most vulnerable of the four groups when both burden and self-esteem are considered.
multivariate analyses confirm the importance of caregiver , not patient , characteristics for burden and self-esteem.
this study examines the socioeconomic and psychosocial predictors of fbcp among older african american men ( aam ) .
methods : aam ( n = @number@ ) enrolled in medicare and participating in a longitudinal study on patient navigation were surveyed.
measures included three fbcp constructs , namely demographic items and physical and mental health variables.
binary logistic regression was performed.
as education increased , so did all three fbcp.
being downhearted was predictive of confused and helpless beliefs.
south africa's population is aging.
most of the older black south africans continue to live in extended household structures with children , grandchildren , and other kin.
they also constitute a source of income through a means-tested noncontributory state-funded pension available at age @number@
older persons , in general , live in large , complex , and multigenerational households.
this study goes beyond cross-sectional analyses by examining the predictors of nh residents ' qol on the facility level over time.
we examined change in six qol domains from @number@ to @number@ using random coefficient models.
eighty-one facilities improved across most domains and @number@ facilities declined.
understanding the predictors of facility qol over time can help identify facility characteristics most appropriate for targeting with policy and programmatic interventions.
having children contributes to the well-being of older men with a partner.
this study examined the effects of grandchild care on the cognitive functioning of korean grandmothers and the moderating role of education.
contrary to much of the current literature , grandchild care was found to be potentially beneficial for grandmothers.
for the entire sample , child care had instantaneous effects on grandmothers ' cognition , although there were no longitudinal effects.
for less educated grandmothers , child care did not have either immediate or lagged effects on cognition.
a large literature suggests that active social participation contributes to the well-being of older people.
japan provides a compelling context to test this hypothesis due to its rapidly growing elderly population and the phenomenal health of the population.
in particular , activities geared more toward self-development , such as postretirement employment and lifelong learning , are strongly associated with lower levels of mortality.
health disparities exist among sexual minority older adults.
this is the first population-based study to assess item nonresponse to sexual orientation measures by age and change over time.
we compare response rates and examine time trends in response patterns using adjusted logistic regressions.
among adults aged @number@ and older , the nonresponse rate on sexual orientation is lower than income.
while older adults show higher nonresponse rates on sexual orientation than younger adults , the nonresponse rates have significantly decreased over time.
by @number@ only @percent@ of older adults responded don't know / not sure , with @percent@ refusing to answer sexual orientation questions.
research reveals that older people do a significant amount of volunteer work.
moreover , a good deal of this volunteering takes place in religious institutions.
the purpose of this study is to examine how social factors in the church influence the decision to volunteer.
the analyses are conducted in two steps.
second , cross-sectional analyses from the same survey suggest that spiritual support is associated with volunteering in part because it promotes greater compassion.
however , the magnitude of the relationship between compassion and volunteering is fairly modest.
there is little knowledge on the relationships between neighborhood environments and trajectories of social engagement among physically and economically vulnerable older adults.
social withdrawal was defined as a decline in social engagement without distress while social isolation was defined as a decline in social engagement with distress.
the goal of this study was to investigate individual and contextual factors associated with dental care utilization by u.s. informal caregivers.
community characteristics were not correlated with caregivers ' use of dental care.
our findings suggest that better access to dental care could improve dental care utilization by caregivers.
this article analyzes the impact of marital status and spousal employment on the timing of retirement in germany and spain.
retirement behavior is examined by means of event-history models , with a competing risks framework being used to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary work-exit transitions.
to take account of the role of social policies , we adopt a comparative approach.
data are drawn from a @number@ special retirement module implemented analogously in national labor force surveys.
the results show that spousal labor market participation plays a large role in work-exit transitions , even when retirement is involuntary.
this finding questions the widespread belief that coretirement is exclusively due to preference for joint retirement shared among spouses.
moreover , widows and widowers tend to retire prematurely in germany , whereas no such effect could be found in spain.
this finding is explained by reference to specific economic incentives arising from national pension legislation.
results : age , functional limitation , the experience of discrimination , and self-esteem independently account for variation in perceived stigma.
moderation tests reveal that age is associated with a greater increase in stigma in the context of greater functional limitation and increases in limitation.
functional limitation and stressor exposure are also associated with declines in stigma in the context of greater mastery and self-esteem.
discussion : multiple processes bear on perceived stigma among people with chronic health conditions.
implications for stigma and stress research are discussed.
perceived social stress partially accounts for these associations.
these vulnerabilities should be the focus of intervention efforts to reduce stress and improve the emotional and psychological well-being of mexican-origin caregivers.
the recent recession constitutes one of the macro forces that may have influenced workers ' retirement plans.
debts , ability to reduce work hours , and firm unionization also influenced retirement plans.
findings suggest retirement planning education may be particularly important for workers without defined pensions , especially in times of economic volatility.
according to erik erikson's theory on the stages of human development , achieving wisdom later in life involves revisiting previous crises and renewing psychosocial accomplishments.
this article presents findings from two qualitative studies that demonstrate how older adults apply wisdom in new domains.
these findings highlight the importance of engaging older adults to repurpose their life skills and thus reapply wisdom to new areas of their lives.
implications for practice are discussed.
seven waves of data from the health and retirement study were analyzed for @number@ adult child caregivers using latent growth curve models.
adult child caregivers have distinct psychological and physical health trajectories that are related to their roles over time.
the importance of any given role varies by the type of health outcome and timing in the life course.
this article examines the distribution of wealth and then tests associations between elder abuse and wealth in rajshahi district of bangladesh.
data from @number@ respondents ( @number@ years old and over ) were collected in @date@ .
principal component analysis was used to construct a wealth index , and logistic regressions were performed to test the associations between wealth and elder abuse.
results reveal that about @percent@ of individuals from poor households face abuse of some kind , whereas only @percent@ of individuals from rich households do.
multilevel modeling results indicate that driving cessation reduced husbands ' productive and social engagement , and wives ' productive engagement.
spousal driving cessation reduced husbands ' likelihood of working or formal volunteering , and wives ' likelihood of working or informal volunteering.
the more time since spousal driving cessation , the less likely husbands were to work and the less likely wives were to formally volunteer.
multilevel multinomial logistic modeling was used to analyze the risk factors and changes of undermet needs over time.
the results show that the prevalence of slightly undermet needs decreased in urban china from @number@ to @number@
however , the prevalence of undermet needs remained high ; @percent@ or more for both rural and urban residents.
compared to @number@ the likelihood of having slightly undermet needs in @number@ significantly decreased by @percent@ among rural residents and @percent@ among urban residents.
we argue that more research is needed on negative family interactions and their implications for the mental health of older ethnic minorities.
we used the minimum data set @number@ records of @number@ residents in a nursing home from @date@ to @date@ .
descriptive statistics , independent t-test , chi-square , pearson correlations , and logistic regression were utilized in analysis.
late midlife physical health appeared to be a particularly salient mediator.
detection of elder abuse risk is a critical issue because a lot of cases remain hidden.
screening tools can be used to detect elder abuse.
however , few tools have been developed for use with caregivers.
the case was then used with @number@ primary caregivers.
validity and reliability were evaluated , as well as the factorial structure of the instrument.
this version showed good psychometric properties.
it was found to have strong internal consistency and split-half reliability as well as allowing for a good replication of the original factorial structure.
we found that the presence of health-related , but not social-related , possible selves was significantly associated with fewer reported depressive symptoms.
additionally , the presence of health-related fears was specifically linked to fewer reported depressive symptoms.
finally , the results may have implications for potential clinical interventions in addressing late-life depression.
few studies have explored older people's expected future quality of life ( qol ) , despite evidence that perceptions of one's future influence healthy aging.
research on this topic should embrace a range of potential influences , including perceptions of one's neighborhood and region.
this study examined expected qol in a random sample of the population of dalarna , a swedish region.
a self-completion questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics , current neighborhood and regional evaluations , self-evaluations , expectations for the future , and current and expected qol.
in total , @number@ people aged ≥65 years participated.
we conclude with perspectives for future research.
for these reasons , studying early retirement is highly relevant.
results show that the majority of teachers make use of early exit schemes.
this illustrates the existence of a widespread early exit culture among senior teachers in flanders.
methods : the participants come from the sixth wave of a nationwide survey of older adults ( n = @number@ ) .
in addition , the data indicate that older people with high hostility scores help others less often and are less grateful.
we investigate the effect of both policies on subjective well-being of the elderly.
we use regression methods for purposes of inferring program impacts.
we found no policy impacts on satisfaction with health conditions.
data from the women's health and aging study were used to test a model of factors explaining depressive symptomology.
results indicate that both husbands and wives who become adl caregivers have more follow-up depressive symptoms than noncaregivers.
furthermore , wives continuing as caregivers have more follow-up depressive symptoms than wives who do not provide care.
finally , the physical health of the spousal caregiver is related to depressive symptoms at follow-up.
we conclude with policy and practice implications of these three main findings.
we therefore examine whether the work exit probability of one spouse affects that of the other.
educational attainment , poor marital quality , and spouses ' health and care needs do not predict work exits.
surprisingly , no gender differences are observed.
research on larger survey samples to distinguish different work exit routes and reasons for spouses ' joint work exits appears warranted.
to account for cultural and welfare state characteristics , cross-national studies ought to be undertaken.
past studies have extensively examined factors associated with coping strategies that caregivers use to ameliorate distress or solve problems.
these findings indicate different factors contributing to caregivers ' use of different coping styles and suggest ways to better help caregivers.
hybrid multilevel models are used to analyze the change in parent-adult child contact over two waves of the national survey of families and households.
some patterns are stronger for daughters and biological children who tend to have stronger relationships with their parents.
working long hours may be related to obesity in older adults.
no studies have focused on older workers and long work hours , although the risk of obesity is high among this population group.
this study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between obesity and the older workforce.
panel data from the health and retirement study are examined using cox regression techniques.
traditional life-cycle models unambiguously suggest that the borrowing option makes people better off than not being able to borrow.
households consequently contribute more to their dc plans than they would absent the borrowing option.
previous research finds that the ability to borrow from a dc plan increases contemporaneous contributions , consistent with traditional models.
behavioral finance , in contrast , suggests that some workers may operate with nonlinear time discounting.
they plan on saving more in the future but change their mind and save less than initially planned as time passes.
these workers may enjoy higher lifetime utility if they have no loan option because dc plans serve as commitment devices for retirement saving.
the money cannot be used prior to retirement.
absent this commitment device , contributions may be lower for some households than would be the case without a dc loan option.
we study dc plan contributions for households with heterogeneous preferences about discounting.
current literature assessing the impact of chronic disease on leg power has not yet been comprehensively characterized.
importantly , individuals with these conditions have shown improved leg power with training.
methods : a search was performed using pubmed to identify original studies published in english from @date@ to @date@ .
studies concerning post-surgery rehabilitation , case studies , and articles that did not measure primary results were excluded.
these studies are limited , however , by the heterogeneity in study populations and a lack of standardized measurements of leg power.
introduction : cobalamin deficiency is frequent in elderly patients and the main aetiologies are food-cobalamin malabsorption and pernicious anaemia.
the aim of our retrospective study was to identify the causes and methods of management of cobalamin deficiency at nice geriatric university hospital.
methods : a retrospective monocentric study was conducted over @number@ months at nice geriatric hospital , which included patients with cobalamin deficiency having received supplementation.
the clinical and paraclinical data , etiological diagnosis , treatment and follow-up modalities were analyzed retrospectively.
results : we studied @number@ elderly patients whose median age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
concerning cobalamin therapy , @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) received oral therapy and @number@ ( @number@ % ) intramuscular therapy.
mainly oral cobalamin supplementation was used in our study with a significant increase in vitamin b12 levels.
an oral cobalamin regimen is proposed for elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency but with no severe neurological signs.
this article aims to summarize the discussions at the session for the benefit of a wider audience.
systemic vegf inhibition disrupts endothelial homeostasis and accelerates the atherogenesis , suggesting that these events contribute to the clinical cardiovascular adverse events of vegf-inhibiting therapies.
the follow up was @number@ months.
there were not statistically significant differences in parameters studied before and after treatment with both pegaptanib sodium and ranibizumab , except c-reactive protein.
however , after therapy was increased the crp and fibrinogen may mean that anti-vegf contribute an alteration of endothelial homeostasis in exudative amd.
unlabelled : few epidemiologic studies have specifically focused on very old community dwelling population with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
methods : observational study ( n = 1072 ) aged ≥ @number@ years old , recruited by general practitioners.
logistic models were used to analyze the determinants of anticoagulant prescription among age groups.
results : mean age was @number@ ( sd = 6.5 ) years and @percent@ were ≥ @number@ years.
rate-control drugs were more frequently used than rhythm-control drugs ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
hemorrhagic scores were independently associated with non-use of vka whereas thromboembolic scores were not associated with vka use.
design : cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample.
setting : non-institutionalized spanish elderly participating in the exernet multi-centre study.
participants : @number@ elderly subjects aged @number@ and older.
measurements : body weight , height and body mass index were evaluated in each subject.
body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance.
three tertiles were created for each test based on the calculated scores.
hrqol was assessed using the euroqol visual analogue scale.
results : participants with so showed lower physical fitness levels compared with normal subjects.
conclusions : higher levels of physical fitness were associated with a reduced risk of suffering so and better perceived health among elderly.
so elderly people have lower physical functional levels than healthy counterparts.
macronutrient and energy intakes were compared and data such as weight , height , diet type and medical history were obtained from medical records.
questionnaires were completed by nurses and volunteers in regards to their views and experiences with the program.
setting : hospital based.
results : eight patients ( 83±4.5 years ) participated in the study.
when volunteers were present at lunch , the average macronutrient and energy intakes increased , though not statistically significantly.
non-significant increases in macronutrients were also noted for the average daily intakes.
conclusion : although not statistically significant , energy and macronutrient intakes increased when volunteers were present.
we included randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) and non-rcts which compared peg with ng feeding in individuals with non-stroke dysphagia.
results : @number@ studies involving @number@ participants were included in the final analysis , including two randomized trials.
a well-designed and adequately powered rct , which includes carer strain and quality of life as outcome measures is therefore urgently needed.
setting : a general-population cohort in france.
participants : n = 2 , 817 individuals ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) included in both the su.vi.max and su.vi.max @number@ studies.
principal component analysis was used to derive specific cognitive scores.
a composite cognitive score was also computed.
body mass index ( bmi ) and waist circumference ( wc ) were measured @number@ years earlier ( @number@ ) .
associations between midlife adiposity and cognitive functioning were estimated through covariance analyses.
results : after adjustment for obesity-related cardio-metabolic parameters , higher bmi and larger wc at midlife predicted lower executive function.
for example , the adjusted mean difference ( @percent@ confidence interval ) for @number@ sd increase in wc was @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) .
obese participants in midlife showed an adjusted mean difference ( @percent@ confidence interval ) of @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) compared with non-obese.
further adjustment for midlife dietary patterns slightly attenuated these associations.
no relationships were observed with verbal memory or global cognitive function.
conclusion : midlife overall and abdominal adiposity were similarly associated with lower executive functioning scores.
dietary patterns may partly explain such a relationship , arguing for the importance of controlling for lifestyle confounders in future studies.
design , participants and setting : this cross-sectional nutrition study was carried out in @number@
the response rate of was @percent@.
of the respondents , only persons who had a diagnosis of dementia were included in this analysis ( n = 2379 ) .
measurements : the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) tool and a structured questionnaire were used in assessing the residents.
six dimensions of pwb were included in the questionnaire.
information was also retrieved from medical records.
results : of residents @percent@ were well-nourished and @percent@ malnourished according to the mna.
pwb was good in @percent@ ( score ≥ @number@ ) and poor in @percent@ ( score < @number@ ) of the residents.
mild cognitive impairment was more often associated with poor pwb , whereas moderate or severe impairment was more often associated with good pwb.
conclusion : nutritional status and nutritional care of residents with dementia were significantly associated with their psychological well-being.
the residents suffering from malnutrition had the poorest psychological well-being.
the present article aims to evaluate the outcomes of enteral nutrition for people with advanced dementia.
prospective and retrospective studies involving a control group were searched.
data were independently extracted and assessed by one reviewer and checked by a second.
searched outcomes included survival , clinical and nutritional parameters and complications.
most of the studies did not report any outcome of harm with enteral nutrition use in dementia patients compared with patients without dementia.
a study with a higher follow-up period demonstrated improvements in albumin , weight and chronic inflammation parameters.
it is not possible to affirm that tube feeding is harmful for dementia patients.
thus , an adequate follow-up by a multidisciplinary team may lower complications associated with this therapy and thus improve survival.
introduction : objectives : specific diets or lifestyles have an impact on cognitive function in previous studies.
the aim of this study was to explore the association of dietary and lifestyle patterns with mci among elderly people in beijing.
design : population-based and case-control design.
setting : the physical examination center in xuanwu hospital , capital medical university in beijing.
participants : a total of @number@ subjects , aged @number@ years old or above , with or without mci.
measurements : the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) was used to screen the subjects with mci.
binary multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between mci and these factors.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) represents an increasing worldwide healthcare epidemic.
no primary or secondary preventive treatments for ad have been approved.
epidemiological research , however , has provided evidence of specifically modifiable risk and protective factors.
among them are vascular , lifestyle and psychological risk factors that may act both independently and by potentiating each other.
these factors may be substantially impacted by single or multi-domain strategies to prevent or postpone the onset of ad-related pathophysiology.
researchers have recently started the european dementia prevention initiative ( edpi ) , an international consortium to improve strategies for preventing dementia.
as a result , a number of promising international prevention trials are currently ongoing.
in this review , we critically discuss the main paths to ad prevention through control of modifiable risk factors and lifestyle changes.
the primary outcome was consort @number@ reporting quality.
secondary outcomes were qualitative assessments of specific methodology problems.
results : @number@ rct studies met criteria for this review.
eight focused on physical activity , fourteen on cognitive interventions , and one on the effects of socialization.
most studies found a benefit with the intervention compared to control.
consort reporting quality of physical activity interventions was higher than that of cognitive interventions.
however , the heterogeneity of subjects identified as having mci and variability in interventions and outcomes continued to limit generalizability.
conclusions : the role for non-pharmacological interventions targeting mci is promising.
future studies of rcts for non-pharmacological interventions targeting mci related to ad may benefit by addressing design limitations.
we investigated the prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in a group of elderly women living in a region of brazil considered to be iodine-sufficient.
design and setting : cross-sectional study conducted in the public healthcare system of bauru , são paulo , brazil.
results : the average iodine intake of the group was @number@ ± @number@ μg.
twenty-nine patients ( @percent@ ) presented thyroid dysfunction : @number@ ( @percent@ ) had hypothyroidism , and two ( @percent@ ) had hyperthyroidism.
the average iodine intake of the patients with hypothyroidism and euthyroidism was @number@ μg and @number@ μg , respectively.
there were @number@ effective participants in the study.
design : dietary habits were evaluated by assessing the diversity of food that was consumed.
ses was evaluated by educational attainment and household income.
four dimensions of psychosocial mediators were assessed : control expectancy , self-efficacy , social influence , and social support.
indirect effects of ses through the mediators were evaluated by using a multiple mediator model.
results : the relationship between education and dietary habits was mediated by three variables excluding social support.
especially , social influence had the strongest mediating effect.
these three significant variables explained the majority of differences in dietary habits resulting from education.
the effects of household income were also similarly mediated by the identical variables.
conclusions : control expectancy , self-efficacy , and social influence mediate the relationship between ses and dietary habits.
folic acid can downregulate tau protein phosphorylation by inhibiting the demethylation reactions of pp2a.
high folic acid concentrations ( @number@ and @number@ μmol / l ) increased sam : sah ratios and cell viability.
our results suggest the significant association between certain aspects of social capital , at both the individual and the community level , and self-rated health.
a significant cross-level interaction effect between individual- and community-level social capital was also observed.
financial planning for retirement is a lifelong process constrained by financial literacy , resources , and competing demands for resources across the life course.
further , social structure shapes the availability of options for funding retirement.
the social and economic frameworks surrounding retirement planning are changing , and policy makers and researchers question whether retirement expectations have adapted.
the cluster analysis identified six distinct groups that hold very different expectations.
talking about sexual health can be a challenge for some older women.
this project was initiated to identify key factors that improve communication between aging women and their primary care providers.
a sample of women ( aged 60 + ) completed an online survey regarding their intent to communicate with a provider about sexual health.
data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
self-efficacy and perceived norms were the most important factors predicting intent to communicate for this sample of women.
intent did not vary with race , but mean scores of the predictors of intent varied for african american and white women.
results can guide practice and intervention with ethnically diverse older women who may be struggling to communicate about their sexual health concerns.
currently , @percent@ of adults over the age of @number@ have at least one chronic disease.
the chronic disease self-management program ( cdsmp ) focuses on increasing self-efficacy for managing chronic disease.
few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of cdsmp when offered by multiple agencies , as a collaborative effort , in community-based settings.
seven agencies delivered @number@ cdsmp workshops at @number@ sites from @date@ , to @date@ .
a total of @number@ participants were eligible for analysis.
participants completed surveys at baseline and week @number@ the end of instruction.
controlling for agency effect and general health at baseline , the general linear model was used to assess the significance of outcomes at @number@ weeks.
findings showed that cdsmp is an effective program at improving self-efficacy , increasing physical activity , and decreasing limitations.
linear regression revealed a moderate correlation between age and csid in connected speech.
specific bile acids are potent signaling molecules that modulate metabolic pathways affecting lipid , glucose and bile acid homeostasis , and the microbiota.
we have identified an fxr-regulated pathway upstream of a transcriptional repressor that controls multiple bile acid metabolism genes.
finally , we identify functional mafg response elements in bile acid metabolism genes using chip-seq analysis.
our studies identify a molecular mechanism for the complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis controlled by fxr.
across the @number@ years , these hospitalizations increased @percent@ for women , @percent@ for men ( both p < @number@ ) .
however , the average rate for diabetes fell @percent@ for women , @percent@ for men.
findings suggest an opportunity to improve access to primary health care , particularly for older women.
this is a longitudinal study with multiple cohorts , carried out in the city of são paulo , brazil , since @number@
follow-ups are conducted every five years when the new cohort is initiated.
data were collected by a structured questionnaire and clinical measurements taken by trained and calibrated examiners.
the baseline study included self-reported oral health measurements , and clinical oral health measures were introduced in @number@
objective : to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in elderly.
data were collected in household interviews.
the prevalence of depressive symptoms was assessed using the geriatric depression scale.
the analysis was performed using poisson regression with robust variance estimation.
results : the prevalence of depressive symptoms was @percent@ , with the @percent@ confidence interval @number@ - @number@
the majority of the sample consisted of women ( @percent@ ) .
age , marital status , education , self-reported hypertension and diabetes were not associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounders.
age discrimination is a common problem in organizations.
data stem from an online questionnaire completed by @number@ employees from different organizations in germany ( all @number@ years or older ) .
our results show that age discrimination is an antecedent for the desired retirement age.
it has a direct as well as an indirect ( via psychological empowerment ) effect on the desired retirement age.
research indicates that greater involvement in activities is essential for successful aging.
the purpose of the current study is to examine a construct that motivates involvement in activities-finding interests in life.
in the process , we also show how involvement in religion may help promote interests.
findings from a nationwide survey provide support for the key relationships described above.
a cross-sectional survey of low-income older korean immigrants who use adhc programs was conducted.
self-reported measures included sociocultural characteristics , acculturation , cognitive function , family network , utilization of adhc , and qol.
the study found that for qol , two variables had only direct effects : years in adhc and acculturation.
family network was directly associated with qol and indirectly associated with it through the variable \ "years in adhc. \ "
our findings indicate that a strong family network is positively associated with more years of attendance in adhc , and with higher qol scores.
of particular interest was that the positive impact of social support was most pronounced in the moderate health risk group.
objectives : this study examined the effects of retirement on self-rated health for married couples , using interdependence and social stratification theoretical frameworks.
method : dyadic multilevel modeling of data ( n = @number@ non-hispanic couples ) from @number@ to @number@ of the health and retirement survey.
in addition , the longer the husbands ( but not wives ) were retired , the worse was their srh.
spouse education moderated the relationship between years since spouse's retirement and srh for wives.
discussion : practitioners can use this information to help married couples through retirement planning and transitions.
linking household composition of older persons and material well-being is an important step toward understanding quality of life among elders in less developed settings.
the association is particularly important in sub-saharan africa , given the poverty in the region.
results indicate older-person-only households , and older persons with youth , have , generally , less wealth than households with other age compositions.
among older person households , those without offspring or grandchildren and skip-generation households fare worst in most countries.
findings highlight the importance of considering older persons households when assessing material well-being and chances of living in poverty in poor regions of the world.
automated segmentation with manual correction was used to derive retinal thickness values.
significant topographical variations in thickness of each of the retinal layers were also observed ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : small magnitude , statistically significant increases in total retinal thickness and retinal layer thickness occur from early childhood to adolescence.
the most prominent changes seem to occur in the outer retinal layers of the central fovea.
we examined baseline and new-onset diabetes and cognitive decline with joint longitudinal-survival models to account for death.
at baseline , @percent@ of participants had diabetes and @percent@ developed diabetes during the study.
during the study period , @percent@ of participants died.
cognitive decline and mortality were similar for those with new-onset diabetes and those without diabetes.
ignoring the impact of death yielded a @percent@ smaller estimate of the effect of baseline diabetes on cognitive decline.
analyses that overlook the association between cognitive decline and mortality may underestimate the effect of diabetes on cognitive aging.
subjective life expectancy is a powerful predictor of a variety of health and economic behaviors.
this research expands upon the life expectancy literature by examining the influence of familial health histories.
the relationship between the health experiences of second-degree relatives and subjective life expectancy is much less pronounced.
cross-sectional analyses were conducted on patient characteristics , diagnosis , procedures received , and triage status.
on average , elderly nh residents visited eds at a rate of @number@ visits per @number@ institutionalized persons.
nearly @percent@ of all ed visits had ambulatory care sensitive condition diagnoses.
previous studies suggested that adequate medical staffing and appropriate care in the nh could reduce ed visits and hospital admissions.
recent initiatives seek to reduce ed visits and hospitalizations by providing financial incentives to spur better coordination between nh and hospital.
the precautionary savings model predicts that households accumulate wealth to self-insure against unexpected declines in future income and unforeseen expenditures.
the goals of this study are twofold.
first , we investigate whether the near-elderly who face higher health risks save more.
second , we examine the factors that contribute to health risks that the near-elderly face.
we use data from the health and retirement study to construct two measures of health risks.
our results do not support the hypothesis that household savings increase with the health risks that they face.
lower earnings and high medical expenditures caused by current poor health status prevent households from accumulating savings for future health adversities.
objective : investigating the relation between social isolation and cognitive function will allow us to identify components to incorporate into cognitive interventions.
method : data were collected from @number@ appalachian older adults ( m = @number@ range 70-94 years ) .
overall cognitive functioning and specific cognitive domains were assessed from data of a self-assembled neuropsychological battery of frequently used tasks.
social isolation , social disconnectedness , and perceived isolation were measured from the lubben social network scale-6.
perceived isolation accounted for nearly double the amount of variance in overall cognitive functioning than social disconnectedness ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
discussion : findings suggest that social isolation is associated with poorer overall cognitive functioning and this remains true across varied cognitive domains.
there was no support for the hypothesis that impaired older adults who have more cognitive ability will have a higher rated quality of life.
these results should be considered in the development of programs for older adults.
regardless of impairment level , activity is paramount to maintaining quality of life.
aging is associated with oxidative stress-generated damage to dna and this could be related to metabolic disturbances.
the same tendency was observed for the level of hogg1-sensitive sites , whereas there was no association with the level of strand breaks.
in the group of men , there were significant positive associations between alcohol intake , hba1c and fpg-sensitive sites in multivariate analysis.
the levels of metabolic risk factors were positively associated with age , yet only few subjects fulfilled all metabolic syndrome criteria.
in summary , positive associations between age and levels of oxidatively damaged dna appeared mediated by age-related increases in metabolic risk factors.
these norms link physiological understanding with broader discourses of governmentality , including the professional project of geriatric medicine.
in particular , metaphorical representations in the discourses of frailty convey key cultural and clinical assumptions concerning both older bodies and old age more generally.
purpose : to determine whether people with age-related eye disease have lower cognitive scores than people with healthy vision.
controls , recruited from the same clinics , did not have significant vision loss.
cognitive status was measured using the mini-mental state exam blind version ( range , 0-22 ) which excludes eight items that rely on vision.
linear regression with bootstrapped standard errors was used to adjust for demographic and medical factors.
conclusions : people with vision loss due to three different age-related eye diseases had lower cognitive scores.
reasons for this should be explored using longitudinal studies and a full battery of cognitive tests that do not rely on vision.
thus , hne and pr3 inhibitors may prove to be targets for the generation of agents in the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory disease.
sivelestat is the only commercially available selective hne inhibitor.
therefore , sivelestat was chosen as the model structure in an attempt to obtain more potent anti-nsps agents.
the results of structure-activity relationships studies concluded that a hydroxyl oxime moiety plays an important role in ligand-enzyme affinity through hydrogen bonding.
as humans live longer , the precise modeling of mortality curves in very old age is becoming more important in aging research and public health.
here , we address a methodology that utilizes a modified stretched exponential survival function where a stretched exponent is relevant to heterogeneity in human populations.
this function allows better estimation of the maximum human lifespan by providing a good description of the mortality curves in very old age.
importantly analyzing the stretched exponents would help in evaluating the heterogeneity trends in human populations.
objective : to explore the associations between social networks , social contacts , and cognitive impairment in the very elderly aged 90-108 years.
methods : data were from subjects of the project of longevity and ageing in dujiangyan , china.
results : @number@ chinese nonagenarians and centenarians ( @percent@ women , mean age @number@ years ) were included.
the mean mmse score was @number@ ± @number@ ) .
the prevalence of cognitive impairment was @percent@.
the mean social contact score was @number@ ± @number@
our finding might add new information for social networks , social contacts , and cognitive research in the elderly.
prescribing for older adults represents a significant challenge as the uk population ages.
does this agent reflect the priorities of the patient ?
are there alternatives - with greater efficacy , effectiveness or tolerability - that might be considered ?
are the dose , frequency and formulation appropriate ?
how does this prescription relate to concurrent medication ?
we also describe current drug therapies in two disease states with a predilection for older adults : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and osteoporosis.
research to identify whether dizziness is a geriatric syndrome has largely overlooked often treatable vestibular causes.
sixteen ( @percent@ ) had benign paroxysmal positional vertigo , of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) had an additional peripheral vestibular impairment.
twenty-six ( @percent@ ) had other ( general medical / cardiac ) causes ; of these @number@ ( @percent@ ) also had vestibular causes.
polypharmacy , orthostatic hypotension , psychotropic drug use and anxiety were common contributory factors.
vestibular causes of dizziness contribute to a multifactorial geriatric syndrome.
all patients with dizziness and falls should have a vestibular assessment ( especially peripheral ) to improve quality of life and reduce falls.
all over europe , the provision of healthcare services is widely considered a primary duty of the government.
universal access to medical care can be considered a basic ingredient of the so-called \ "european social model. \ "
was the failure of state-controlled \ "adequate \ " healthcare totally unpredictable ?
these two \ "diagnoses before the illness \ " can help us in defining the challenges and the potential solutions that healthcare systems face today.
understanding the fatal conceits inherent in the very architecture of national health services can be the first step toward healing our healthcare systems.
however , little research has outlined to what extent relevant and irrelevant emotional stimuli bias the imbalance between affective processing and cognitive control.
furthermore , the difference between both attentional conditions for happy faces was larger in adolescents than adults.
results are discussed within the framework of theories of adolescent behaviour.
data on lifestyle behaviors were collected concomitantly between @date@ and @date@ .
a cluster analysis was conducted to identify profiles with similar hrf.
for comparisons between clusters , multivariate analyses of covariance were used to test the differences in lifestyle behaviors.
the participants in the robust clusters reported leading a physically active lifestyle and participants in the less robust cluster reported leading a sedentary lifestyle.
diagnoses were evenly distributed between clusters.
conclusions : the cluster analysis attributed some of the variability in cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents with complex conhd to lifestyle behaviors and physical activity.
profiling of hrf offers a valuable new option in the management of person-centered health promotion.
however , our understanding of educational differences in the control of diabetes and its impact on survival is limited.
this study investigated the associations among education , hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) , and subsequent mortality in adults with diabetes.
proportional hazard models were used to estimate educational differences in all-cause mortality by hba1c level with sequential adjustments for contributing risk factors.
about @percent@ to @percent@ of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis cases lead to the development of resistant hypertension and / or ischemic nephropathy.
the management of ischemic nephropathy may include medical therapy and / or revascularization.
in the past , revascularization required surgical bypass or endarterectomy , accompanied by the morbidity and mortality associated with a major surgical procedure.
during the last few decades , less invasive endovascular procedures such as percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty with stent placement have become available.
at the same time , new antihypertensive and cardiovascular drugs have been developed , which may preclude revascularization , at least in some cases.
the indications of each of these therapeutic options have changed over time.
there is evidence that revascularization brings no additional benefit , at least in low-risk and stable atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.
white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) are commonly seen in the brain of healthy elderly subjects and patients with several neurological and vascular disorders.
a truly reliable and fully automated method for quantitative assessment of wmh on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) has not yet been identified.
all these features should not exclude computational leanness and adaptability to available data.
it can reduce inflammation that increases with age and accompanies almost all age-related diseases.
it has been suggested that curcumin can play a beneficial role in the cardiovascular system.
it is believed that cellular senescence accompanies age-related changes in the cardiovascular system.
we observed characteristic senescence markers but the number of dna damage foci decreased.
surprisingly , in vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) activation of dna damage response pathway downstream of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated ( atm ) was observed.
atm silencing and the supplementation of antioxidants , n-acetyl-l-cysteine ( nac ) or trolox , did not reduce the number of senescent cells.
we postulate that an increase in the bioavailability of curcumin should be introduced very carefully considering senescence induction as a side effect.
here we examine the role of inflammation in mediating the relationship between multimorbidity and disability.
method : data are from the survey of mid-life in the united states ( midus ) , a national sample of middle-aged and older adults.
discussion : inflammation may be an important biological mechanism through which chronic medical conditions are linked to disability in later life.
method : a prospective study was conducted.
patients aged @number@ or older ( n = @number@ ) were prospectively recruited.
method : the sample consisted of @number@ medicare beneficiaries who reported having an ongoing relationship with a primary care physician.
we estimated ordinal and multinomial logistic regressions that controlled for health care utilization , current health , and recent family deaths.
results : less than @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) reported an end-of-life conversation with a physician during the course of routine care.
however , conversations were associated with greater trust in one's physician and higher rates of completion of facp.
discussion : findings support renewed efforts to reimburse physicians for discussing end of life with their medicare patients.
background : the overall age-standardized cancer incidence rate continues to decline whereas the number of cases diagnosed each year increases.
predicting cancer incidence can help to anticipate future resource needs , evaluate primary prevention strategies , and inform research.
the authors projected to @number@ nationwide age-standardized incidence rates and cases ( including the top @number@ cancers ) .
premature aging syndromes are rare genetic disorders mimicking clinical and molecular features of aging.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) was the first premature aging syndrome linked to lmna mutation and its molecular bases have been deeply investigated.
the purpose of this work was to characterize those transcripts in eight patients affected with hgp-like rare syndromes.
although many scholars have called for more collaboration between educators , researchers , and practitioners , these challenges can make collaboration difficult.
it has been difficult to identify genes affecting drug response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssris ) .
this study , embedded in the prospective rotterdam study , included all successfully genotyped participants with data on depressive symptoms ( ces-d scores ) .
we used repeated measurement models to test multiplicative interaction between genetic variants and use of ssris on repeated cesd scores.
besides a genome-wide analysis , we also performed an analysis which was restricted to genes related to the serotonergic signaling pathway.
a total of @number@ out of @number@ assessments of depressive symptoms in @number@ participants , use of an ssri was recorded.
after correction for multiple testing , no plausible loci were identified in the genome-wide analysis.
also , the widely replicated 102c > t polymorphism in the htr2a gene showed a statistically significant drug-gene interaction with ssri use.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : participants in the nurses ' health study and the health professionals follow-up study , united states.
participants : @number@ female nurses from @number@ to @number@ and @number@ men from @number@ to @number@ who completed biennial questionnaires.
main outcome measures : the primary outcome was the self report of newly diagnosed copd.
results : over the study period , @number@ cases of newly diagnosed copd occurred in women and @number@ in men.
similar findings were observed among ex-smokers and current smokers.
these findings support the importance of a healthy diet in multi-interventional programs to prevent copd.
background / aim : increasingly , health-care systems should promote seniors ' health and prevent disability.
despite this potential , little is known about current health promotion and prevention activities in occupational therapy community practice.
methods : secondary data analysis of a qualitative study was carried out using thematic saliency analysis.
eleven community occupational therapists working with seniors having disabilities were recruited in six community health settings in québec , canada.
observations of @number@ home visits , followed by @number@ semi-structured interviews , were conducted with occupational therapists.
results : most interventions involved optimising independence in personal care and mobility.
explicit health promotion interventions were limited and included enabling healthy lifestyles by increasing health literacy and empowerment.
meaningful activities ( leisure , community participation ) were not targeted.
conclusions : health promotion and prevention interventions are not intentionally integrated into community occupational therapy practice with seniors having disabilities.
as a result , seniors ' needs to engage in meaningful activities might remain unmet.
overcoming barriers to integrating health promotion and prevention in practice could help improve population health and wellbeing.
patterns of progressive cortical thinning in dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) remain poorly understood.
rates of temporal thinning in dlb were relatively preserved compared with ad.
there was no significant difference in subcortical atrophy and ventricular expansion between dlb and hc.
overall , ad and dlb are characterized by different spatiotemporal patterns of cortical thinning over time.
our findings warrant further consideration of longitudinal cortical thinning as a potential imaging marker to differentiate dlb from ad.
we studied @number@ pd patients without lids , @number@ pd patients with lids , and @number@ healthy control subjects.
levels of gp serotonin transporter binding correlated positively with severity of dyskinesias.
our findings indicate that lids in pd are associated with higher gp serotonergic function.
this increased serotonin function may result in further dysregulation of thalamocortical signals and so promote the expression of dyskinesias.
background : memory performance in older persons can reflect genetic influences on cognitive function and dementing processes.
we aimed to identify genetic contributions to verbal declarative memory in a community setting.
this association was stronger for paragraph than word list delayed recall and in the oldest persons.
a genetic score combining @number@ independent suggestive memory risk variants was associated with increasing alzheimer disease pathology in @number@ autopsy samples.
association of memory risk loci with gene expression in @number@ human hippocampus samples showed cis-associations with wdr48 and cldn5 , both related to ubiquitin metabolism.
diabetes and osteoporosis are both common diseases with increasing prevalences in the aging population.
there is increasing evidence corroborating an association between diabetes mellitus and bone.
a deterioration in bone microarchitecture and an inefficient distribution of bone mass with insufficiency of repair and adaptation mechanisms appear to be factors of relevance.
a highly complex and heterogeneous molecular pathophysiology underlies diabetes-related bone disease , involving hormonal , immune , and perhaps genetic pathways.
the detrimental effects of chronically elevated glucose levels on bone should be added to the more well-known complications of diabetes.
design : a qualitative descriptive study.
methods : ten participants ( age 65 + ) living at home were interviewed in the participants ' own homes.
latent content analysis was used.
findings : the assistance eases daily life with regard to practical matters and increases adherence to a medicine regimen.
there were mixed feelings about being dependent on assistance ; it interferes with self-sufficiency at a time of health transition.
participants were balancing empowerment and a dubious perception of the home care assistants ' knowledge of medicine and safety.
physicians ' and district nurses ' professional knowledge was a safety guarantee for the medicine process.
conclusions : assistance eases daily life and medicine regimen adherence.
dependence on assistance may affect self-sufficiency.
perceived safety varied relating to home care assistants ' knowledge of medicine.
relevance to clinical practice : a well-functioning medicine assistance is crucial to enable older people to remain at home.
a person-centred approach to health- and social care delivery is efficient and improve outcome for the recipient of care.
background : an ageing workforce combined with increasing health problems in ageing workers implies the importance of evidence-based interventions to enhance sustainable employability.
methods : this study was designed as a quasi-experimental trial with a one-year follow-up.
measurements were performed at baseline , three and twelve months.
the primary outcomes were work ability , vitality and productivity.
secondary outcomes were perceived fatigue , psychosocial work characteristics , work attitude , self-efficacy and work engagement.
results : analyses were performed on the @number@ workers in the intervention and @number@ workers from the business as usual group.
conclusion : the results of the problem-solving intervention showed no positive effects on the three outcome measures compared to business as usual.
however , effectiveness was shown on three of the secondary outcome measures , i.e. work attitude , self-efficacy and skill discretion.
we presume that the lack of positive effects on primary outcomes is due to programme failure and not to theory failure.
trial registration : the trial is registered with the dutch trial register under number ntr2270 .
however , few clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with both testosterone replacement and chronic pde5is.
methods : sixty patients were consecutively enrolled and followed for @number@ weeks.
results : total iief and ams scores were significantly improved during the @number@ weeks of treatment in both groups.
when iief scores were compared between the two groups , group ii showed better symptom scores than group i at weeks @number@ and @number@
a similar pattern was observed when comparing ams scores between the groups.
moreover , the improvement in erectile function was well maintained , even after the cessation of treatment.
reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) function has been suggested as a risk factor for late-life depression.
bdnf secretion is influenced by epigenetic ( dna promoter methylation ) and genetic ( val66met polymorphism ) profiles.
we investigated the independent and interactive effects of bdnf methylation and val66met polymorphism on late-life depression.
depression was determined using the geriatric mental state schedule , and depression severity was evaluated with the geriatric depression scale.
demographic and clinical covariates were obtained.
higher bdnf methylation was independently associated with the prevalence and incidence of depression and severe depressive symptoms.
no significant methylation-genotype interactions were found.
bdnf promoter methylation could be a proxy biomarker for depression late in life.
the sex difference in marathon performance increases with finishing place and age of the runner but whether this occurs among swimmers is unknown.
we also compared sex differences between freestyle swimming and marathon running.
the sex difference in swimming increased with world record place and age , but was less than for marathon running.
collectively , these results suggest more depth in women's swimming than marathon running.
background : identifying modifiable determinants of fat mass and muscle strength in older adults is important given their impact on physical functioning and health.
light intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior are potential determinants , but their relations to these outcomes are poorly understood.
time spent sedentary and in light intensity activity were assessed using an accelerometer worn for 3-7 days ( actigraph gt3x ) and by self-report.
associations between these exposures and measured bmi and grip strength were evaluated using linear regression.
results : greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were both associated with lower bmi.
this was evident using objective measures of lower-light intensity , and both objective and self-reported measures of higher-light intensity activity.
time spent watching television was positively associated with bmi , while reading and computer use were not.
conclusions : in this cross-sectional study , greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were associated with lower bmi.
however , longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to strengthen causal inferences.
design : prospective , observational , repeated measures investigation.
setting : community-based , multidisciplinary sports medicine clinic.
patients : thirty-one patients aged between @number@ and @number@ years , with a body mass index ≥25 kg / m and mild-to-moderate knee oa.
intervention : twelve-week lbpp-supported low-load treadmill walking regimen.
appropriate methods of statistical analysis were used to compare data from baseline and follow-up evaluation.
results : participants reported significant improvements in knee joint pain and function and demonstrated significant increases in thigh muscle strength about the degenerative knee.
objective : to determine the impact of self-reported marijuana use on the components of successful aging of hiv-infected persons.
methods : cross-sectional study of 45- to 65-year-old hiv-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy > 6 months with undetectable hiv-1 viral load.
successful aging was defined as absence of disease , adequate physical function , high quality of life ( qol ) , and social engagement.
results : @number@ of @number@ total subjects ( @percent@ ) reported rmu.
gender , race / ethnicity , physical outcomes , physical function , and disease burden were not significantly different.
patients reporting rmu demonstrated lower mental qol and increased odds of low social engagement and un- or under-employment compared with nonusers.
background : chronic inflammation and immune activation occur in both hiv infection and normal aging and are associated with inflammatory disease.
however , the degree to which hiv influences age-related innate immune changes , and the biomarkers which best reflect them , remains unclear.
we further identified cxcl10 as a robust soluble biomarker of monocyte activation , highlighting the potential utility of this chemokine as a prognostic marker.
context : cancer patients experience a broad range of physical and psychological symptoms as a result of their disease and its treatment.
on average , these patients report @number@ unrelieved and co-occurring symptoms.
methods : demographic , clinical , and symptom data from one australian and two u.s. studies were combined.
age , gender , education , cancer diagnosis , and presence of metastatic disease differentiated among the latent classes.
patients in the all high class had the worst qol scores.
conclusion : findings from this study confirm the large amount of interindividual variability in the symptom experience of oncology patients.
dilated pores can be an early sign of skin aging and are a significant cosmetic concern.
the 1410-nm wavelength is optimal for superficial dermal treatments up to @number@ μm deep.
fifteen patients with dilated facial pores underwent three laser treatments at 3-week intervals.
posttreatment skin responses and side effects were assessed at treatment and follow-up visits by study physicians.
clinical effectiveness of treatment was assessed by both study physicians and patients @number@ months after the final laser treatment using a quartile grading scale.
histological examination was performed using biopsy samples taken at baseline ( pretreatment ) and @number@ months after the last treatment.
this study showed that greater than @number@ % improvement in dilated pores was demonstrated in @number@ of @number@ patients after three sessions of laser treatments.
improvements in skin texture , tone , and smoothness were reported in all patients.
treatment was well tolerated in all patients , with no unanticipated side effects.
this study demonstrates that the 1410-nm fractional erbium fiber laser is effective and safe for treatment of dilated facial pores in fitzpatrick skin types iii-iv.
despite the significant overlap in immunological phenotypes between normal aging and hiv infection , the irp has never been evaluated in hiv-infected individuals.
in this pilot study we characterized immune changes associated with the irp in a sample of successfully treated hiv-infected subjects.
finally , hiv + irp + individuals had a significantly shorter mean lymphocyte telomere length than their non-irp counterparts ( p = @number@ ) .
the irp appears to identify a subset of treated hiv-infected individuals with a higher degree of immune senescence.
in skin , the relationship between intrinsic changes and keratinocyte function is not clearly understood.
in keeping with the latter observation , we noted that compared to non-senescent keratinocytes , senescent cells lacked sirt1.
this effect was abrogated by inhibition of ampk but not sirt1.
treatment of keratinocytes with resveratrol transactivated foxo3 and increased the expression of its target genes including catalase.
resveratrol's effects on both senescence and proliferation disappeared when foxo3 was knocked down.
objectives : whether and how patients should be told their dementia diagnosis , has been an area of much debate.
the limited previous research suggests that the absence of explicit terminology ( e.g. , use of the term alzheimer's ) is problematic.
this paper interrogates this assumption through a conversation analysis of british naturalistic memory clinic interaction.
method : this paper is based on video-recordings of communication within a uk memory clinic.
we examine whether long-term care ( ltc ) experience helps explain the low demand for long-term care insurance ( ltci ) .
we find parental use of a nursing home decreases expectations that one's children will provide informal care , consistent with the demonstration effect.
nursing home use by in-laws does not have the same impact , suggesting that individuals are responding to information gained about their own aging trajectory.
the estimated increase in purchase probability from experience with ltc is about half the previously estimated increase from tax policy-induced price decreases.
methods : in @number@ mci patients , followed to ascertain ad progression , markers were measured.
sensitivity and specificity , positive ( lr + ) and negative ( lr- ) likelihood ratios , and crude and adjusted hazard ratios were computed.
results : twenty-nine mci patients progressed and @number@ remained stable.
discussion : the best criteria combined amyloidosis and neurodegeneration biomarkers , whereas the individual biomarker with the best performance was fdg-pet.
tbi pathophysiology is complicated and can be distinguished by the initial primary injury and the subsequent secondary injury that ensues days after the trauma.
therapeutic opportunities for tbi remain very limited with patients subjected to surgery or rehabilitation therapy.
furthermore , their therapeutic limitations may be augmented when combination therapy is pursued instead of using a single agent.
peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained and the telomere restriction fragment ( trf ) length was assayed using a digoxigenin-labeled hybridization probe in southern blot assays.
laboratory assays of kidney function were also performed.
there was also a correlation between trf length and glomerular filtration rate ( r = -0.184 , p < 0.05 ) .
therefore , trf length is associated with kidney function and may serve as a marker of aging.
low bone volume and changes in bone quality or microarchitecture may predispose individuals to fragility fractures.
as the dominant component of the human skeleton , cortical bone plays a key role in protecting bones from fracture.
however , histological investigations of the underlying structural changes , which might predispose to fracture , have been largely limited to the cancellous bone.
the aim of this study was to investigate the age-association and regional differences of histomorphometric properties in the femoral neck cortical bone.
complete femoral neck images were scanned , and cortical bone boundaries were defined using our previously established method.
cortical bone histomorphometry was performed with low ( ×50 ) and high magnification ( ×100 ) .
both osteonal size and pores area were negatively associated with age.
the haversian canal area was higher in the infero-posterior area compared to the postero-superior area ( p = @number@ ) .
eroded endocortical perimeter ( e.pm / ec.pm ) correlated positively with superior cortical width.
this study describes the changes in cortical bone during ageing in healthy males.
further studies are needed to investigate whether these changes explain the increased susceptibility to femoral neck fractures.
background : previous studies have suggested that nut consumption is associated with beneficial cardiovascular outcomes.
however , limited data are available on the association between nut intake and all-cause mortality.
objective : our aim was to test the hypothesis that nut consumption is inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality.
we used cox regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hrs for death according to nut consumption.
in secondary analyses , we evaluated associations of nut consumption with cause-specific mortality.
results : during a mean follow-up of @number@ y , there were @number@ deaths.
the mean ( ±sd ) age at baseline was @number@ ± @number@ y.
in a secondary analysis , results were consistent for cardiovascular disease mortality but only suggestive and non-statistically significant for coronary artery disease and cancer mortality.
background : circulating trans fatty acids ( tfas ) , which cannot be synthesized by humans , are linked to adverse health outcomes.
objective : the objective was to elucidate novel biologic pathways that may influence circulating tfas by evaluating associations between common genetic variation and tfa biomarkers.
however , it is unclear whether chocolate consumption is associated with risk of dm.
objective : we tested the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is inversely associated with incident dm in the physicians ' health study ( phs ) .
design : we prospectively analyzed data on @number@ phs participants who were free of dm at baseline ( 1997-2001 ) .
chocolate consumption was obtained from a baseline food-frequency questionnaire.
incident dm was ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample by a review of medical records.
we used cox proportional hazards models to estimate hrs and @percent@ cis of dm.
results : the mean ( ±sd ) age at baseline was @number@ ± @number@ y.
during a mean follow up of @number@ y , @number@ men ( @percent@ ) developed dm.
in addition , both age and bmi modified the chocolate-dm relation ( p < @number@ each ) .
background : a reduction in key antioxidants such as glutathione has been noted in brain tissue undergoing oxidative stress in aging and neurodegeneration.
to date , no dietary factor has been linked to a higher glutathione concentration.
however , in an earlier pilot study , we showed evidence of a positive association between cerebral glutathione and dairy intake.
objective : we tested the hypothesis that dairy food consumption is associated with cerebral glutathione concentrations in older adults.
dairy intake was related to sex , fat-free mass , and daily intakes of energy , protein , and carbohydrates.
however , when these factors were controlled through a partial correlation , correlations between glutathione concentrations and dairy and milk servings remained significant.
conclusions : higher cerebral glutathione concentrations were associated with greater dairy consumption in older adults.
one possible explanation for this association is that dairy foods may serve as a good source of substrates for glutathione synthesis in the human brain.
however , their role in clinical practice is undefined.
we sought to investigate longitudinal changes in these indicators and their effects on clinical outcomes.
we analyzed the association between indicators and all-cause admission to hospital , fracture-specific admission to hospital and death using generalized estimating equations.
polypharmacy , potentially inappropriate medications and anticholinergic risk scale were each associated with an increased risk of admission to hospital , but not with death.
these indicators showed dose-response relations with admission to hospital , but not with death.
two reviewers performed screening and data abstraction.
results : the final search provided @number@ titles with abstracts.
further abstract screening yielded @number@ articles , out of which @number@ were found potentially appropriate to be included.
after full text evaluation , @number@ of these were eliminated.
the selection process resulted in the final sample of @number@ studies.
in total , @number@ different surface conditioning methods , mainly combinations of air-abrasion protocols and adhesive promoters ( primers or silanes ) , were investigated.
altogether , the use of @number@ types of cements and @number@ testing methods was reported.
while @number@ studies were performed without tc as aging , @number@ of them employed thermocycling at varying number of cycles.
conclusion : based on the results of this systematic review , increased adhesion could be expected after physicochemical conditioning of zirconia.
mdp-based resin cements tend to present higher results than those of other cements types when tested using macro- and microtensile tests.
adhesion studies on zirconia and reporting of data require more standardization.
furthermore , genome sequencing of mortalin from parkinson disease patients identified two missense mutants , r126w and p509s.
in the present study , we investigated the significance of these mutations in survival , proliferation , and oxidative stress tolerance in human cells.
genome maintenance ( gm ) is an essential defense system against aging and cancer , as both are characterized by increased genome instability.
gm genes appeared to be strongly conserved , with copy number variation in only four genes.
nmr , as well as human , was also found to have a lower rate of germline nucleotide substitution than the mouse.
abnormal changes in these layers have been implicated in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.
this information can be used to identify dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.
in this review , we describe the current status in our understanding of these transcriptomes through the use of high-throughput techniques.
however , recently e2 was shown to be synthesized by muscle and its systemic and intramuscular hormone levels are unequal.
isometric skeletal muscle strength was assessed by measuring knee extension strength.
explosive lower body muscle power was assessed as vertical jump height.
the models were adjusted for age , systemic e2 , and total body fat mass.
the statistics used took into account the lack of statistical independence of twin sisters.
furthermore , muscle cells were shown to take up and actively synthesize hormones.
present study suggests intramuscular sex steroids to associate with strength and power regulation in female muscle providing novel insight to the field of muscle aging.
aim : to describe the experience of family caregivers of terminally ill people of the carer support needs assessment tool intervention in home-based palliative care.
methods : this study was conducted during 2012-2014 in silver chain hospice care service in western australia.
this article reports on one part of a three-part evaluation of a stepped wedge cluster trial.
all @number@ family caregivers receiving the carer support needs assessment tool intervention provided feedback on their experiences via brief end-of-trial semi-structured telephone interviews.
data were subjected to a thematic analysis.
results : the overwhelming majority reported finding the carer support needs assessment tool assessment process straightforward and easy.
the carer support needs assessment tool provided a formal structure to facilitate discussions with family caregivers to enable needs to be addressed.
the force-generating capacity of the type i and iia myhc isoforms was , on the other hand , not affected by old age.
similar effects were also observed when the myosin molecules extracted from muscle fibers were exposed to oxidative stress.
hence , interventions that would specifically target these ptms are warranted to reverse myosin dysfunction in old age.
study design : cadaver study.
setting : universidade estadual paulista , botucatu medical school , são paulo state university ( unesp ) , brazil.
mid membranous vocal fold slides were subjected to immunohistochemical reactions.
results : there was an increase of collagen i and iii immunoexpression in the elderly larynges , in both layers.
collagens iv and v were immunoexpressed in the vessels endothelium of the lamina propria and in the basement membrane.
the immunoexpression of elastin decreased in the elderly larynges , in both lamina propria layers of the vocal folds.
conclusion : a clear increase of collagens i and iii and a decrease of elastic fibers were observed in the lamina propria of vocal folds.
the concentration of collagens iv and v was the same across age groups.
aging involves a deterioration of cell functions and changes that may predispose the cell to undergo an oncogenic transformation.
the carcinogenic risks following radiation exposure rise with age among adults.
as life expectancy increases and so it does the medical intervention , it is important to highlight the benefits of radiation protection in the elderly.
thus , a deep understanding of the mechanistic processes confining the threat of aging-related radiosensitivity is currently of foremost relevance.
lamins a / c have been implicated in dna damage response pathways.
we show that the dna repair protein 53bp1 is a lamin a / c binding protein.
in undamaged human dermal fibroblasts ( hdf ) , 53bp1 is a nucleoskeleton protein.
53bp1 binds to lamins a / c via its tudor domain , and this is abrogated by dna damage.
lamins a / c regulate 53bp1 levels and consequently lamin a / c-null hdf display a 53bp1 null-like phenotype.
low bone density is a growing concern in aging men with hemophilia and may result in high-morbidity fragility fractures.
in addition , an inverse association of joint score with bmd and failure load suggests the negative role of hemophilic arthropathy in bone density loss.
potential risk factors of bladder underactivity include : ageing , diabetes , neurogenic disease , cardiovascular disease , obstruction and psychological causes.
comprehensive diagnostic and detection techniques for an underactive detrusor are necessary.
to establish the diagnosis and follow up new treatments , useful urodynamic parameters and threshold values have to be determined.
ambulatory urodynamic techniques therefore have to be considered.
associations between changes in igf-i or ii and body composition outcomes were examined using conditional change linear regression models.
results : mean igf-i and igf-ii concentrations were lower at 60-64 than at @number@ years , by @percent@ for igf-i and by @percent@ for igf-ii.
larger declines in either igf-i or ii were associated with higher fat mass at 60-64 years.
conclusions : the findings suggest that igf-i and ii concentrations decline with age , and greater declines are associated with higher fat mass levels.
these results provide some evidence for the suggested roles of igf-i and ii in regulating fat mass but not lean mass in older age.
background : vitamin d insufficiency is associated with brain changes.
methods : seventy-five caucasian older community-dwellers ( mean , @number@ ± @number@ years ; 48%female ) received a blood test and brain mri.
conclusions : vitamin d insufficiency was associated with increased wma volume in the studied sample of older adults.
these findings may provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin d insufficiency.
use of the bacterium wolbachia is an innovative new strategy designed to break the cycle of dengue transmission.
however , although wolbachia shortens the lifespan , it also gives a breeding advantage which results in complex population dynamics.
this study focuses on the development of a mathematical model to quantify the effect on human dengue cases of introducing wolbachia into the mosquito population.
the analysis focuses on a single dengue outbreak typical of a region with a strong seasonally-varying mosquito population.
we found that a significant reduction in human dengue cases can be obtained provided that wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes persist when competing with mosquitoes without wolbachia.
furthermore , using the wolbachia strain wmel reduces the mosquito lifespan by at most @percent@ and allows them to persist in competition with non-wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes.
mosquitoes carrying the wmelpop strain , however , are not likely to persist as it reduces the mosquito lifespan by up to @percent@.
we modeled the thigh 3d geometry and compared dxa and computed tomography ( ct ) measures.
the fracture risk of men and women were calculated separately.
in women , alm / ht ( @number@ ) did not improve the model when subcutaneous fat was included.
objective : depression is an important health issue in cancer patients.
people use different coping strategies and health locus of control to manage stressful situations , which relate to different risks of depression.
coping strategies and health locus of control can be changed by cognitive behavioral interventions.
we also investigated how these factors interact.
we used the short version of the utrecht coping list , the multidimensional health locus of control scale , and the 15-item geriatric depression scale.
results : data were available from @number@ participants.
overall prevalence of depression was @percent@.
older cancer patients tended to use an avoiding coping strategy more frequently than middle-aged cancer patients.
this was associated with higher risk of depression.
especially in women using a seeking social support strategy , there was a lower risk of depression.
overall , the internal health locus of control was associated with higher and the external ' powerful others ' locus with lower risk of depression.
conclusions : older cancer patients strongly differ from middle-aged cancer patients , in particular with respect to coping.
interventions to prevent or alleviate depression should incorporate these differences.
background : limb injuries comprise 50-60% of u.s. service member's casualties of wars in afghanistan and iraq.
combat-related vascular injuries are present in @percent@ of this cohort , a rate @number@ times higher than in prior wars.
enrollment will begin @date@ and continue for @number@ years.
ppars and cognate ligands also regulate important cellular functions , including cell proliferation and differentiation , as well as inflammatory responses.
overall , however , selected pparγ modulators appear to act as hair growth inhibitors that reduce the proliferation and promote apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes.
we hypothesized that low levels of b12 would be associated with albuminuria in a population-based cohort.
logistic regression models were constructed to test the association between b12 and incident albuminuria and rkf.
the results were replicated in @number@ participants from nhanes 2003-2004.
results : baseline b12 levels ranged from 50-1690 pg / ml.
however after stratifying by median homocysteine levels , this relationship remained only in the higher homocysteine stratum.
in the nhanes cohort , elevated b12 was associated with rkf after full covariate adjustment ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
there was no association with albuminuria.
conclusion : in participants with high baseline homocysteine levels , increased plasma b12 was associated with rkf.
healthy aging is accompanied by neurobiological changes that affect the brain's functional organization and the individual's cognitive abilities.
general cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age.
we investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important , health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults.
a general cognitive function phenotype was tested for , and created in each cohort by principal component analysis.
we report one gene-based significant association with the hmgn1 gene located on chromosome @number@ ( p = 1 × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
these genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance.
it is widely accepted that abnormal accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) may promote atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis.
in the present study , vsmc response to curcumin treatment was evaluated.
the levels of p53 and p21 were elevated.
however , this was independent of dna dsbs.
curcumin caused inhibition of rdna transcription , which could be due to sirt7 downregulation , site-specific methylation of rna18s5 gene promoter or both.
curcumin-induced dna methyltransferase @number@ ( dnmt2 ) upregulation was also shown.
dnmt2-mediated rna methylation could promote rna stabilization upon curcumin treatment.
we believe that our results may contribute to better understanding of the biological and pharmacological effects of curcumin on the human cardiovascular system.
the limited lifetime of prosthetic devices made from first-generation nearly inert biomaterials requires new approaches to meet these two large needs.
innovative use of bioactive ceramics with genetic control of in situ tissue responses offers the potential to achieve both tissue regeneration and prevention.
clinical success of use of bioactive glass for bone regeneration is evidence that this concept works.
current medical models frequently overlook functional limitations and the home environment even though they partially determine healthcare usage and quality of life.
activity of daily living limitations improved in @percent@ of the first @number@ people who completed the intervention.
preliminary findings of this novel intervention may have implications for other older adults with functional limitations.
background : oral iron supplementation is used widely in older people despite observational studies suggesting it is ineffective.
objective : the aim of this systematic review was to determine if oral iron therapy is effective in elderly people with iron deficiency anaemia.
data sources : medline , embase and the cochrane library databases were searched from inception to @date@ .
titles and abstracts were reviewed and publications were screened by both authors independently to exclude articles that did not satisfy the inclusion criteria.
study appraisal and synthesis : risk of bias was systematically assessed independently by both authors using the cochrane risk of bias tool.
data on the increase in haemoglobin level after therapy was either collected from original publications or by contacting the corresponding authors.
length of hospitalisation , mortality and adverse effect data were also analysed.
there were no statistically significant differences in adverse effects , length of hospitalisation or mortality.
limitations : only one of the three studies was specific to older people and all studies involved patients in orthopaedic settings.
the mean age of participants was different , and the dosage and frequency of ferrous sulphate differed.
introduction : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the cause of more than two-thirds of all dementia cases.
objective : the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nsaids in the treatment of ad using a meta-analysis approach.
results : seven studies were finally included in the meta-analysis.
diclofenac / misoprostol , nimesulide , naproxen , rofecoxib , ibuprofen , indomethacin , tarenflurbil , and celecoxib were the nsaids used in these reports.
conclusion : current preliminary evidence suggests no beneficial effect of nsaids on cognition or overall ad severity.
thus , although more research is needed in the field , the evidence available does not support the use of nsaids for ad treatment.
t regulation of pde5 expression has been accepted as one of the major mechanisms controlling vasodilator mechanisms in penile tissue.
areas covered : we reviewed data regarding the use of t as a salvage therapy in pde5i nonresponders.
meta-analyses suggest that t treatment plus pde5i yielded more effective results in noncontrolled versus controlled studies.
we recommend t assay in all men with ed not responsive to pde5i.
before commencing t treatment , side effects and consequent higher mortality in older frail men have to be avoided.
objectives : to determine the initial efficacy of a mailed screening and brief intervention to reduce at-risk drinking in persons aged @number@ and older.
design : pilot randomized controlled trial.
setting : university of california at los angeles department of medicine community offices and primary care network.
measurements : alcohol-related assessments at baseline and @number@ months ; caret-assessed at-risk drinking , number of risks , and types of risks.
conclusion : a brief mailed intervention may be an effective approach to intervening with at-risk drinkers aged @number@ and older.
objectives : the search for anticataract drugs has been continuing for decades ; some treatments no longer exist but antioxidants are still of much interest.
with age , the human lens undergoes morphological , biochemical and physical changes leading to opacification.
surgical treatment is the only means of treating cataract ; this approach , however , has limitations and complications.
aging of the population is expected to further increase the prevalence of type @number@ diabetes , particularly in the age group over @number@
the research aim was to determine the overall morbidity trends in croatian elderly population.
the morbidity data recorded in family practice ( fp ) were extracted from croatian health service yearbooks for the years 1995-2012.
the most frequently registered diagnostic groups were cardiovascular and neoplasms , followed by the groups of endocrine , urogenital and musculoskeletal diseases.
the less frequently registered were the groups of infectious disease , injuries and ear diseases.
however , the situation is somewhat different when looking at the amount of the increase.
the z codes increased the most , followed by endocrine diseases and neoplasms.
again , the less pronounced increase was observed in the groups of respiratory diseases , musculoskeletal , infectious diseases and injuries.
the growing number of the older people and changing morbidity patterns will obviously influence both the entire society and the health care system.
a new clinical and cost effective models of practice would be needed as well as the different models of personnel training.
importance : myasthenia gravis is a chronic , autoimmune , neuromuscular disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of voluntary muscle groups.
although genetic factors are known to play a role in this neuroimmunological condition , the genetic etiology underlying myasthenia gravis is not well understood.
objective : to identify genetic variants that alter susceptibility to myasthenia gravis , we performed a genome-wide association study.
these samples were genotyped on illumina omniexpress single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays.
an independent cohort of @number@ italian cases and @number@ italian control individuals were used for replication.
a threshold p value of @number@.0×10 ( @number@ ) was set for genome-wide significance after bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
these findings replicated for ctla4 and hla-dqa1 in an independent cohort of italian cases and control individuals.
further analysis revealed distinct , but overlapping , disease-associated loci for early- and late-onset forms of myasthenia gravis.
conclusions and relevance : our genetic data provide insights into aberrant cellular mechanisms responsible for this prototypical autoimmune disorder.
evidence has begun to emerge for micrornas as regulators of synaptic signaling , specifically acting to control postsynaptic responsiveness during synaptic transmission.
genetic deletion of mir-1000 led to elevated apoptosis in the brain as a result of glutamatergic excitotoxicity.
the seed-similar mir-137 regulated vglut2 expression in mouse neurons.
these conserved mirnas share a neuroprotective function in the brains of flies and mice.
drosophila mir-1000 showed activity-dependent expression , which might serve as a mechanism to allow neuronal activity to fine-tune the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission.
during the 20th century , the average lifespan in the industrialized societies has enormously increased and it is still rising.
with the increase in the number of old people , a parallel increase in the number of the disabled elderly is postulated.
thus , the whole society might suffer from an imbalance between the productive segment of the society and a huge segment of helpless people.
moderation of the physiological processes , which enhance disability in aging , turns out to be a major concern in health research and clinical practice.
optimal micronutrient status would moderate the deterioration in brain integrity.
the capability of central nervous system ( cns ) cells to regenerate is most limited , because their repair is inhibited by anti-apoptotic molecules.
efficient autophagy is the major mechanism that moderates accumulation of aggregating compounds.
autophagy is probably a crucial and a major process in the preservation of brain integrity.
micronutrients ( vitamins , trace-elements and also antioxidants ) most likely affect brain integrity by normalizing efficient autophagy.
brain sensitivity to metabolic disorders is demonstrated by the effect of homocysteine on metabolic pathways , on brain integrity and on the cognitive capacity.
brain imaging might be used as a surrogate for detecting long-lasting low status of micronutrients.
comprehensive evaluation of brain scans concomitantly with blood micronutrient examinations may provide reliable criteria for the estimation of the optimal micronutrient intakes or blood concentrations.
according to many studies , a u-shaped curve prevails for the effect of serum calcidiol concentration on the relative risk of morbidity and mortality.
an increased relative risk of morbidity and mortality with lower serum calcidiol has been shown in almost all the studies.
a safe range of 20-40 ng / ml was identified for serum calcidiol.
most of the tolerable upper intake levels for the micronutrients , published by authorized institutions , were set without considering the long-term effects of overdosing.
excessive intake of almost all the micromutrients , particularly for a long period of time , produces adverse effects.
in most of the elderly people prevail an insufficient intake of one or more micronutruients.
importance : delirium , an acute disorder with high morbidity and mortality , is often preventable through multicomponent nonpharmacological strategies.
the efficacy of these strategies for preventing subsequent adverse outcomes has been limited to small studies to date.
objective : to evaluate available evidence on multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions in reducing incident delirium and preventing poor outcomes associated with delirium.
data sources : pubmed , google scholar , sciencedirect , and the cochrane database of systematic reviews from @date@ , to @date@ .
data extraction and synthesis : two experienced physician reviewers independently and blindly abstracted data on outcome measures using a standardized approach.
the reviewers conducted quality ratings based on the cochrane risk-of-bias criteria for each study.
main outcomes and measures : we identified @number@ interventional studies.
overall , @number@ studies demonstrated significant reductions in delirium incidence ( odds ratio [ or ] , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.38-0.58 ) .
four randomized or matched trials reduced delirium incidence by @percent@ ( or , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.42-0.76 ) .
this study evaluates the impact of brain gym ( bg ) training in active older adults.
the effects of the programs on the attention and memory functions were assessed by means of the symbol digit modality test.
the two-min step and the eight-foot up-and-go tests were used to evaluate their impact on fitness level.
no program had a significant influence on the participant's cognitive performance , while different effects on the sample ' fitness levels were observed.
whether bg is performed in isolation or combined with other exercise programs seems to have no influence on such effects.
results showed that the average score for the mfes , some parameters of blood chemistry , and joint rom were significantly improved after low-impact intervention.
the relationship between recent episodes of poor sleep and cognitive testing performance in healthy cognitively intact older adults is not well understood.
results showed that mildly disturbed sleep the week prior and month prior to cognitive testing was associated with reduced working memory on cognitive evaluation.
one night of mild sleep disturbance was not associated with decreased cognitive performance the next day.
sleep duration was unrelated to cognition.
we draw trajectories of life quality measured using casp-19 over eight years.
we refine these trajectories by jointly modelling attrition , since older people tend to leave longitudinal studies ( attrite ) not at random.
methods : growth curve models are applied to the english longitudinal study of ageing waves @number@ to @number@
then joint model is estimated where attrition is considered.
extensive predictors are entered including demographic attributes , social and economic status , health conditions , and behaviours.
results : strong non-linear age trajectory of life quality is revealed by the growth curve models where the peak is achieved in the late 60s.
then the joint model uncovers the peak somewhat later in time , and also reveals secular improvement in life quality experienced by recent cohorts.
sharp estimates for many predictors of higher levels of life quality are also found.
conclusion : for the first time , the trajectories of life quality in the third age are drawn and improvement across cohorts is demonstrated.
the contributions are estimated for predictors amenable to intervention such as social capital.
this can help in policy discussion on improving the lives of older people in the third age.
dancing is a complex sensorimotor activity involving physical and mental elements which have positive effects on cognitive functions and motor control.
the present randomized controlled trial aims to analyze the effects of a dancing program on the performance on a motor-cognitive dual task.
data of @number@ older adults , who were assigned to a dancing group or a health-related exercise group , are presented in the study.
in pretest and posttest , we assessed cognitive performance and variability of minimum foot clearance , stride time , and stride length while walking.
the data show that dancing improves minimum foot clearance variability and cognitive performance in a dual-task situation.
multi-task exercises ( like dancing ) might be a powerful tool to improve motor-cognitive dual-task performance.
methods : ninety-four individuals ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) were included.
physical activity was assessed with pedometers and accelerometers.
results : mean steps / day were @number@ ( 991-17 , 156 ) and @percent@ reported < @number@ steps / day.
no participants with < @number@ met the recommended level of physical activity.
apoptosis and senescence are two types of cellular response to damages that are altered in both cancer and aging , albeit through different mechanisms.
carcinogenesis is associated with a progressive reduction in the ability of the cells to trigger apoptosis and senescence.
here , we provide an overview of the roles of apoptosis and cellular senescence in cancer and aging.
aging is related to a progressive remodeling of the neuromuscular system , which includes muscle mass , strength , and power reductions.
these findings suggest that dance training was effective to change the lower limb muscle architecture in older female adults.
objective : the objective was to compare bicarbonate ( hco3 ) measured in arterialized venous blood samples to skeletal outcomes.
setting : the setting was a community-based observational cohort.
participants : a total of @number@ men and women age @number@ ± @number@ years participated.
intervention : arterialized venous blood was obtained at the year @number@ study visit and analyzed for ph and pco2.
hco3 was determined using the henderson-hasselbalch equation.
ongoing bone loss was linearly related to arterialized hco3 , even after adjustment for age and renal function.
method and materials : twenty healthy volunteers wore a specific appliance.
after @number@ days half of the samples were removed from the appliance.
posteriorly , after bacterial vital staining , samples were analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.
in the first volunteer , one of the disks was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope.
the same process was realized on the remaining disks after @number@ days.
results : the thicknesses of the pl-biofilm after @number@ and @number@ days were not significantly different.
conclusion : the pl-biofilm thickness remained practically constant , decreasing the bacterial vitality and increasing the covering grade over time.
regarding the structure , differences were principally bacterial disposition in the surface and bacterial shape.
despite the growing burden of cancer worldwide , it continues to receive low priority in africa , across the continent and specifically in sudan.
this is due to political unrest , limited health resources , and other pressing public health issues such as infectious diseases.
lack of awareness about the magnitude of the current and future cancer burden among policy makers play a major role as well.
although , the real scope of cancer in sudan is not known , the reported cases have increased from @number@ in 1967-6303 in @number@
according to globocan estimates , the top most common cancers in both sexes are breast , non-hodgkin lymphoma , leukemia , esophagus , and colorectum.
these changes are further exacerbated by the aging population and have made the country vulnerable to many diseases including cancer.
these reviews are meant to provide a better understanding and knowledge required to plan appropriate cancer-control and prevention strategies in the country.
the normal map that is extracted through shape from shading method is composed of face contour and skin fine-structure parts.
when the low-frequency component which is the result of the gaussian filter application is eliminated , we can get only skin fine-structure.
also , wrinkles on crow's feet measured by primos compact ( ® ) ( gfmesstechnik gmbh , germany ) reduced @percent@.
bilingualism has been associated with successful aging.
in this study , elderly bilingual and monolingual participants performed a visuospatial interference control task during functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) scanning.
the results showed equivalent performance on the simon task across groups but different underlying neural substrates in the two groups.
with incongruent trials , monolinguals activated the right middle frontal gyrus , whereas bilinguals relied upon the left inferior parietal lobule.
these results show that elderly bilinguals and monolinguals have equivalent interference control abilities , but relay on different neural substrates.
the classification accuracies of quantitative mri parameters and corresponding weighted image intensities were evaluated.
mri measurements used for classification were performed using a region-of-interest analysis which included superficial , deep , and full-thickness cartilage.
the best classifiers based on oarsi grade and score were t1- and t2-weighted image intensities , which yielded accuracies of @number@ and @number@ respectively.
classification accuracies using oarsi score-based group membership were generally higher when compared with grade-based group membership.
these findings suggest the benefit of incorporating quantitative mri acquisitions in a comprehensive clinical evaluation of oa.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to examine the association between social connections and happiness among members of the elder population of taiwan.
happiness was defined as a dichotomous variable.
we controlled for the variables demographics , physical and mental health , economic satisfaction , and lifestyle.
a generalized linear model ( glm ) was applied in the analysis.
results : happiness remained stable over time.
living arrangements , telephone contacts , providing social support , and receiving instrumental support were not significant.
what is the central question of this study ?
the effect of ageing on hyperthermia-induced changes in cardiac function is unknown.
what is the main finding and its importance ?
the effect of ageing on hyperthermia-induced changes in cardiac function is unknown.
this study tested the hypothesis that hyperthermia-induced changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function are attenuated in older adults when compared with young adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
subjects : about @number@ aged @number@ and older community residents in beijing metropolitan area , china.
measurements : cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
mets was defined by the @number@ harmonizing definition.
overnight-fasting blood samples were obtained to measure biochemistry indicators.
results : the prevalence of mets and mci was 59·1% and 15·9% , respectively.
the multivariate association only showed significant results among participants aged less than @number@ years old.
conclusions : mets is associated with worse cognitive function among younger elderly.
managing mets , as well as its components , may contribute to control cognitive decline and reduce related disease and social burden.
our aim was to investigate the association between vitamin d status and the future risk of mci and dementia in older adults.
design , setting and participants : we conducted a population-based prospective study as a part of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
four hundred and twelve elderly participants who completed evaluations of cognitive function and metabolic parameters in 2005-2006 and 2010-2011 were analysed.
major outcome measure : the rate of development of mci or dementia during the study period was compared according to baseline vitamin d status.
binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate any independent association between vitamin d status and the risks of mci or dementia.
among @number@ subjects who were normal at baseline , @number@ acquired mci and @number@ remained normal.
severe vitamin d deficiency was also independently associated with the development of mci when analyzing @number@ subjects whose baseline mmse scores were < 27.
design : community-based 8-year longitudinal study.
setting : clinical settings.
participants : individuals aged @number@ ± @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
brs was defined as being normal , moderate , or severe alteration at each evaluation.
on the basis of the longitudinal changes subjects were stratified as being stable , moderate or improved.
results : mean attentional , executive , and memory change z-scores were @number@ ± @number@ @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ respectively.
brs of @percent@ of the subjects remained unchanged , of @percent@ decreased , and of @percent@ improved.
no significant association was found between longitudinal change in brs and attentional and executive changes.
conclusion : in healthy elderly individuals , brs decrease was associated with a weak but significant decrease in memory function.
the long-term effect of brs on memory changes may suggest a role of the ans in cognitive decline.
accumulating evidence indicates that aging is associated with a chronic low-level inflammation , termed sterile-inflammation.
sterile-inflammation is a form of pathogen-free inflammation caused by mechanical trauma , ischemia , stress or environmental conditions such as ultra-violet radiation.
these damage-related stimuli induce the secretion of molecular agents collectively termed danger-associated molecular patterns ( damps ) .
these receptors initiate signal transduction pathways , which typically drive inflammation in response to microbe-associated molecular patterns ( mamps ) and / or damps.
background : baseline research on the toughness of egyptian goose meat is required.
results : no differences were found for any of the variables between genders.
the cathepsin b , b & l and h activity increased over the rigor period.
a number of small molecules with the ability to extend the lifespan of multiple organisms have recently been discovered.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : resveratrol : challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
we aimed to study the prognostic utility of age and pre-arrest comorbidities.
primary covariates included age , charlson comorbidity index ( cci ) , and a combined charlson-age index.
the primary dichotomized outcome was favorable neurological outcome ( cerebral performance category , 1-2 ) , evaluated by logistic regressions.
cci and combined charlson-age index significantly predicted outcome in the unadjusted , but not adjusted analysis.
conclusion : age , but not cci , was significantly associated with less favorable neurological outcomes in patients with ohca after adjusting important covariates.
age appears to be an independent predictor of prognosis rather than a marker for comorbidity.
the final hallmark of diminishing ovarian reserve is menopause , a state known to be inextricably linked to the deterioration of female cardiovascular health.
the menopausal transition is associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , irrespective of chronological age.
further research remains a prerequisite in order to further elucidate a possible common mechanism for ovarian and cardiovascular decline.
following this , amh may in the future play a role beyond the scope of female reproduction.
objective : while the benefits of hearing aids among older adults with presbycusis have been well documented , there is limited research on hearing-aid usage.
the aim of this review is to synthesize current evidence to identify the determinants of hearing-aid adoption and use among the elderly.
design : systematic review.
study sample : articles were identified through systematic searches in the web of science , medline , cinahl , and a manual search.
studies that explore the potential determinants of hearing-aid usage were to be included.
results : a total of twenty-two articles were reviewed.
the determinants identified in this review depicted the stage progression of the trans-theoretical model ( ttm ) in explaining an individual's readiness to hearing-aid usage.
differences among medical devices were found.
in particular , ha concentration seems to be inversely correlated to elastin gene activation.
regarding the neutrophil elastase gene , the two medical devices with the higher concentration of ha displayed the greater effect.
therefore , the explanation for the differences must be studied further with respect to elements that are distinctive for each device.
for the physician , it is important to choose which drugs or medical devices can be used and in what protocols.
the present study performed a comparison that can be useful in better addressing the skin improvement therapies for aging and in its prevention.
design : cohort study.
setting : community-dwelling older adults in the canadian province of manitoba sampled in @number@ and followed in @number@
participants : baseline sample of @number@ adults aged 65 + from a representative registry.
five years later , @number@ participants remained in the community and had no missing data.
measurements : the 3ms , age , gender , education , living arrangements , self-rated health , and depressive symptoms were self-reported.
functional status was assessed using the older americans resource survey , which was dichotomized into no / mild disability versus moderate / severe disability.
results : baseline 3ms score predicted baseline functional status.
this effect was a gradient across the entire 3ms score , extending into the normal range with no apparent threshold.
again , the risk of functional impairment at time @number@ was a gradient effect , extending into the normal range of baseline 3ms score.
conclusions : the 3ms predicts functional decline , and this effect is a gradient effect.
these results support the hypothesis that cognition is a continuum in risk.
however , how the chromatin is reorganized during sahf formation is poorly understood.
furthermore , heterochromatin formation in senescence appears to contrast with loss of heterochromatin in hutchinson-gilford progeria.
we mapped architectural changes in genome organization in cellular senescence using hi-c.
unexpectedly , we find a dramatic sequence- and lamin-dependent loss of local interactions in heterochromatin.
this change in local connectivity resolves the paradox of opposing chromatin changes in senescence and progeria.
in addition , we observe a senescence-specific spatial clustering of heterochromatic regions , suggesting a unique second step required for sahf formation.
eukaryotic gene expression is tightly regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by a host of noncoding ( nc ) rnas.
the best-studied class of short ncrnas , micrornas , mainly repress gene expression post-transcriptionally.
collectively , ncrnas affect a broad range of age-related physiologic deteriorations and pathologies , including reduced cardiovascular vigor and age-associated cardiovascular disease.
this review presents an update of our understanding of regulatory ncrnas contributing to cardiovascular health and disease as a function of advancing age.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "cv aging \ ".
age-associated cardiovascular diseases are at least partially ascribable to vascular cell senescence.
in both scenarios , mitochondria-derived ros are important players in senescence initiation.
we aimed to define whether a mtdna-transcribed long-non-coding-rna ( lncrna ) , asncmtrna-2 , has a role in vascular aging and senescence.
aortas of old mice , characterized by increased senescence , showed an increment in asncmtrna-2 expression.
surprisingly , asncmtrna-2 is not upregulated in two different ec sips scenarios , treated with h2o2 and uv.
the p16 gene displayed similar asncmtrna-2 expression patterns , suggesting a possible co-regulation of the two genes.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : mitochondria.
this article is one of a series , summarizing views expressed at the orthopaedic research society new frontiers in tendon research conference.
this particular article reviews the three workshops held under the \ "functional extracellular matrix \ " stream.
consequently , tendon adapts dynamically during development , aging , and injury.
the oocyte is the major determinant of embryo developmental competence in women.
unlike the paternal genome , the maternal genome carries a heavy footprint of parental aging.
indeed , age is the single best predictor of reproductive outcome in women , and the oocyte is the locus of reproductive aging in women.
morphological studies of the oocyte and its associated cumulus corona cells provide only marginal value in the assessment of embryo developmental potential.
a number of novel technologies , however , have improved the noninvasive assessment of oocyte quality.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a leading cause of human suffering and disability for which disease-modifying treatments are lacking.
oa occurs through complex and dynamic interplays between diverse factors over long periods of time.
to emphasize disease modification and prevention , we describe a multi-disciplinary systems-based approach encompassing biology , mechanics , and structure to define pre-osteoarthritic disease processes.
central to application of this model is the concept of \ "pre-osteoarthritis , \ " conditions where clinical oa has not yet developed.
rather , joint homeostasis has been compromised and there are potentially reversible markers for heightened oa risk.
indeed , a recently established field within biological ageing research , ' geroscience' , is focused on healthspan extension.
we propose that optimization of physiological function throughout the lifespan should be a major emphasis of any contemporary biomedical policy addressing global ageing.
the primary composite endpoint was cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infarction , and non-fatal stroke , which occurred in @number@ patients during follow-up.
however , this observation was not superior to age as defined by date of birth.
the neutral effect of rosuvastatin treatment on clinical outcomes was not modified by baseline telomere length.
tests included verbal associative and logical memory and memory in executive and object recognition domains.
we compared relationships of memory functions to each other and to other cognitive functions including psychomotor speed and verbal and spatial working memory.
verbal working memory was significantly more impaired in schizophrenia patients than in the healthy elderly.
verbal episodic memory impairment in schizophrenia may share common mechanisms with similar impairment in healthy aging.
impairment in verbal working memory in contrast may reflect mechanisms specific to schizophrenia.
study of verbal explicit memory impairment tapped by the nal index may advance understanding of abnormal hippocampus dependent mechanisms common to schizophrenia and aging.
here , we report for the first time the anti-pak1 activity of compounds derived from three distinct okinawa plants.
cucurbitacin i isolated from bitter gourd / melon also exhibited a moderate anti-pak1 activity.
hispidin , a metabolite of dk , strongly inhibited pak1 with the ic50 = @number@ μm.
inhibition of endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) within incompletely infiltrated hybrid layers can contribute to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds.
a significant decrease in the μtbs after @number@ months and @number@ yr was observed for the control group only.
no significant differences among groups were shown at @number@ h.
after @number@ months and @number@ yr , the control group demonstrated significantly lower μtbs than all treatment groups.
when applied for @number@ s , @percent@ bac inhibited total mmp activity by @percent@ , and @percent@ bac inhibited total mmp activity by @percent@.
both bac and mbac contributed to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds , probably because of their inhibitory properties of endogenous dentin proteinases.
background : depressive symptoms and depression are common in nursing home residents.
however , longitudinal studies of depression in nursing home residents are scarce and the sample sizes are small.
results : \ "irritability \ " was the most prevalent , incident and persistent csdd symptom.
this persisted after adjusting for the severity of dementia.
the severity of depression as measured by csdd decreased over @number@ months when adjusting for relevant resident variables.
poorer physical health , higher number of medications , more severe dementia and use of antidepressants were associated with higher depression score.
limitations : depression and dementia were not diagnosed according to standardized diagnostic criteria.
the use of csdd did not include a clinician׳s interview with the patient.
this could have implications for the generalization of the results.
as of yet , various parameters have been proposed but no gold standard exists.
methods : a total of @number@ participants from the berlin aging study ii were included.
alm index was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
limitations in physical performance were assessed via questionnaire and frailty status was defined according to the fried criteria.
in participants with low alm / height ( @number@ ) , no associations with physical limitations were found.
familial alzheimer's disease provides the opportunity to investigate brain changes even before the symptoms onset.
a subset of subjects was studied longitudinally @number@ and @number@ years after the first scan.
we found decreased cortical thickness ( cth ) and volume in cortical and subcortical structures in symptomatic mutation carriers , with progressive loss over time.
in amc , we found increased cth and volume in temporoparietal regions and in precuneus-posterior cingulate compared with controls at baseline.
these findings suggest that brain structure in presenilin @number@ mutation carriers follows nonlinear trajectories , with regional increases during the very early presymptomatic period.
initial neuroinflammation and / or accumulation of amyloid species followed by neurodegeneration , or congenital morphometric differences , may explain the observed features.
in general , sonography revealed that facet joints had a clear and smooth border.
there were no significant differences in width and height between the left and right facet joints at the same level by sonography.
facet joint width was independently influenced by age ( p < @number@ ) .
current therapies for non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) still fail to significantly increase its survival rate.
il-27's effects were tested on adenocarcinoma ( ac ) and squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) cell lines and xenograft models.
il-27receptor ( r ) expression was assessed in lung tissues from @number@ nsclc patients.
in vitro , il-27 was ineffective on cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis , but fostered cxcl3 / groγ / mip2β expression.
myeloablation of tumor-bearing hosts mostly abolished il-27's antitumor effects.
aging is associated with an increase in a chronic , low-grade inflammation.
this phenomenon , termed \ "inflammaging \ " is also a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
importantly , even after adjustment for age and bmi , many inflammatory markers continued to be associated to multi-morbidity.
these observations point at background inflammation as direct , age-independent contributor to an accumulation of the disease burden.
aging and inflammation are major contributing factors to the development and progression of arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases.
\ "inflammaging \ " refers to low-grade inflammation that occurs during physiological aging.
aging is inevitable but age-related diseases may be modifiable.
low functioning maoa genotypes have been reliably linked to increased reactive aggression , yet the psychological mechanisms of this effect remain largely unknown.
such maoa carriers may have higher negative urgency , which may in turn predict greater aggressive responses to provocation.
we replicated the effect of the low functioning maoa genotype on heightened aggression , which was mediated by greater negative urgency.
these results suggest that disrupted serotonergic systems predispose individuals towards aggressive behavior by increasing impulsive reactivity to negative affect.
new method : the proposed approach distinguishes itself from previous automatic sleep staging methods by using three specially designed feature groups.
the first feature group characterizes the waveform pattern of the eeg signal.
the remaining two feature groups are developed to resolve the difficulties caused by interpersonal eeg signal differences.
conclusions : with newly developed signal features , this study proposed and tested a single-channel eeg-based sws detection method.
the effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated by applying it to detect the sws of @number@ subjects.
our test results show that a low sws ratio and sleep apnea can degrade the performance of sws detection.
the results also show that a large and accurately staged sleep dataset is of great importance when developing automatic sleep staging methods.
in females , the 5xfad mice also showed @percent@ less total sleep than wt ( p < 0.01 ) .
however , the overall decrease in bout length suggests increased fragmentation and disruption in sleep consolidation that may be relevant to human sleep.
the 5xfad mice may serve as a useful model for testing therapeutic strategies to improve sleep consolidation in ad patients.
social organization correlates with longevity across animal taxa.
this correlation has been explained by selection for longevity by social evolution.
the reverse causality is also conceivable but has not been sufficiently considered.
individuals employed fixed strategies of cooperation or defection towards all neighbours in a basic prisoner's dilemma paradigm.
individuals aged and transitioned through different life history stages asynchronously without migration.
an individual's death triggered a reproductive event by one immediate neighbour.
the specific neighbour was chosen probabilistically according to the cumulative payoff from all local interactions.
our results revealed complex interactions among the effects of the three basic life history stages and the benefit to defect.
overall , a long post-reproductive stage promoted the evolution of cooperation , while a prolonged pre-reproductive stage has a negative effect.
in general , the total length of life also increased the probability of the evolution of cooperation.
we conclude that the causation of the empirically observed association of life expectancy and sociality may be more complex than previously realized.
recent research in chemotherapy has prioritized overcoming the multidrug resistance ( mdr ) of cancer cells.
free dox and liposomes without functionalization with as1411 ( plain liposomes ) were used as controls.
what is known already : both aged men and young asthenozoospermia patients have poor sperm quality.
the pate1 protein seems to mediate sperm-egg interactions ; however , the mechanisms are still unknown.
comparative sperm proteome analysis from the young fathers and aged fathers was performed to discover key proteins.
the target protein pate1 was chosen and validated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
quantitative assessment of sperm pate1 protein was performed on sperm from @number@ young fathers , @number@ aged fathers and @number@ young asthenozoospermia patients.
furthermore , an antibody against pate1 assay was used to test whether pate1 participated in sperm motility and penetration of zona-free hamster egg.
western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the confidence of proteomic data.
sperm immunofluorescence quantification experiments disclosed whether the aged men indeed shared the same pate1 defect with @number@ young asthenozoospermia patients.
the sperm motility test and penetration of zona-free hamster egg assay were performed for pate1.
antibody blocking revealed that pate1 was involved in sperm-egg penetration and sperm motility.
the data should greatly contribute to the development of molecular evaluation of sperm quality , and the diagnosis and treatment of asthenozoospermia.
study funding / competing interests : this work was supported by grants from the national natural science foundation of china ( no.
@number@ @number@ and @number@ ) and shandong provincial natural science foundation , china ( zr2013hq002 , zr2014hq068 ) .
the authors declare no competing financial interests.
objective : retirement confidence is a key social barometer.
method : this study links survey data on retirement planning with information on respondents ' own health histories and those of their parents.
results : retirement confidence is inversely related to parental history of cancer and cardiovascular disease but not to personal health history.
in contrast , retirement confidence is positively associated with both parents being deceased.
this arrestin-focused network is closely associated with transcriptional control of cell growth and development.
our demonstration of a conserved arrestin-dependent transcriptomic signature suggests a framework within which the in vivo outcomes of arrestin-biased signaling may be generalized.
a significant proportion of post-menopausal , patients treated with ai reports side-effects , especially bone pain.
in such patients , the difficulties to treat pain and to clearly identify its causes may lead to treatment discontinuation.
ageing is associated with physiological modifications that may impair drug pharmacokinetics ( pks ) .
socio-demographic , clinical and pain data and medication use were assessed at baseline for the association with falls in the following year.
falls were assessed retrospectively at each study visit.
logistic regression analyses were performed to identify fall predictors.
fall history was the strongest predictor in the three sub-cohorts.
background : an aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases have led to the increased use of medicines.
portugal is one of the european countries where more medicines are consumed and the associated expense is higher.
medicines are associated with enormous health benefits but also with the potential to cause illness and death.
in the u.s. , they represent the 4th-6th leading cause of death and have an estimated cost of @number@ billion dollars.
moreover , many of these drp can be avoided.
therefore , this population would be the one who would benefit most from the prevention , detection and control of drp.
the role of the pharmacist as an integral element of health care has been recognized by various international and european organizations.
objective : to evaluate the need for pharmaceutical care implementation in institutionalized , polymedicated elderly.
methods : descriptive observational cross-sectional study carried out in six portuguese nursing homes , selected by convenience , in november- @date@ .
all participants signed an informed consent form.
to identify drp , official drug information sources were consulted , and the stopp and start tool was used.
the atc , the icd-10 and the pcne classification @date@ classification systems were used for medicines , health problems and drp classifications , respectively.
for each medicine used , the cheapest equivalent available was also identified.
results : the sample included @number@ elderly ( @number@ % female , mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) .
on average , subjects presented a mean of @number@ ± @number@ health problems with diseases of the circulatory system being the most common.
the sample used a median of ten medicines per patient.
a total of @number@ drp ( median : @number@ drp / patient ) was found.
the most cost-effective proposal , would lead to a saving of < euro > @number@ , 950 / year in the studied sample.
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ascvd ) remains the leading cause of death , especially in older adults.
managing modifiable risk factors ( e.g. , hyperlipidemia , hypertension ) remains the primary approach to prevent ascvd events and ascvd-related mortality.
recent lipid guidelines have raised this concern , yet statin therapy is recommended in ' at risk ' older adults.
furthermore , non-statin therapies have been de-emphasized in recent clinical practice guidelines and remain understudied in the older adult population.
this is unfortunate given that older adults are less likely to tolerate moderate- to high-intensity statins.
non-statin therapies could be viable options in this population if more was understood about their ability to lower ascvd risk and safety profiles.
nevertheless , lipid-lowering agents remain an integral component of the overall strategy to reduce atherogenic burden in older adults.
forward reaching is an integral part of many essential daily activities.
it is often performed while standing quietly or after standing up from a seated position.
this study sought to determine how a preceding balance task and aging would affect the task performance and movement strategy.
twenty-two healthy young and @number@ older adults participated in this study and performed forward reaching under two task conditions.
in forward reach ( fr ) , reaching was performed during quiet standing.
in up-and-reach ( ur ) , subjects stood up from a seated position and then reached forward.
the location of the com , however , did not differ between the two task conditions.
older adults were found to significantly slow down their downward and forward com motions in ur but not young adults.
these findings showed that a preceding balance task increased the task demand and required modifications in the movement strategy.
for older adults , the impact of increased task demand was greater , and adopting a cautious strategy could help to complete the task safely.
the number of centenarians is projected to rise rapidly.
however , knowledge of evidence-based health care in this group is still poor.
hypertension is the most common condition that leads to multiple organ complications , disability , and premature death.
no guidelines for the management of high blood pressure ( bp ) in centenarians are available.
we have performed a cross-sectional study to characterize clinical and functional state of polish centenarians , with a special focus on bp.
the study comprised @number@ consecutive @number@ ± @number@ years old ( mean ± sd ) subjects ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) .
the assessment included structured interview , physical examination , geriatric functional assessment , resting electrocardiography , and blood and urine sampling.
the subjects were followed-up on the phone.
results suggest that mildly elevated blood pressure is a marker for better health status in polish centenarians.
given that patients with this disease exhibit osteoporosis , the present study aimed to determine whether the wrn gene contributes to the etiology of osteoporosis.
the results were validated in @number@ unrelated postmenopausal japanese women with osteoporosis and @number@ non-institutionalized , community-dwelling japanese adults.
west nile virus ( wnv ) is a mosquito-borne enveloped positive-strand rna virus that emerged in north america in @number@ in new york city.
over the past @number@ years , wnv has become established throughout the usa and has spread into canada , mexico and the caribbean.
cdc reports indicate > 41 , 000 clinical cases , including more than @number@ fatalities.
an estimated @number@ million people in the usa may have been infected to date.
infection with wnv is dependent on many factors including climate , mosquito habitats and immunologically naïve bird populations.
recent advances in technology now allow detailed analysis of complex immune interactions relevant to disease susceptibility.
we performed an ex-gaussian analysis on the resulting rts and report that aging bilinguals performed better than aging monolinguals on the flanker task.
bilingualism was overall associated with increased gm in the acc.
likewise , aging induced effects upon performance correlated only for monolinguals to decreased gray matter in the dlpfc.
this bias is ameliorated with age , with older adults displaying either no strongly lateralised bias , or a slight bias towards the right.
this may represent an age-related reduction of right hemispheric dominance and / or increased left hemispheric involvement.
we aimed to facilitate visual detection sensitivity in the contralateral visual field with both r-atdcs and l-atdcs relative to sham.
we found no differences in the effects of stimulation between young and older adults.
instead the effects of atdcs were state-dependent ( i.e. related to task performance at baseline ) .
conversely , good performers maintained sensitivity in both visual fields in response to r-atdcs , although this effect was small.
we highlight the importance of considering baseline task ability when designing tdcs experiments , particularly in older adults.
age-associated reduction in ankle proprioception was confirmed from two subtests of threshold and tracking separately for women and men.
unlabelled : non-linearity is a likely phenomenon in bone metabolism , but is often ignored in pertinent epidemiological studies.
using nhanes iii data on calcium intake and bone mineral density , the most important non-linear methods are introduced and discussed.
the results should motivate researchers to consider non-linearity in this field more frequently.
introduction : many relationships in bone metabolism and homeostasis are likely to follow non-linear patterns.
detailed dose-response analyses allowing for non-linear associations nonetheless remain scarce in this field.
results : the spline estimate suggested increasing bone mineral density up to a calcium intake of about @number@ g / day and a plateau thereafter.
sensitivity analyses suggested a less curved dose-response in women.
a gel mobility shift assay showed that oxidized pten migrated more rapidly than reduced pten on a non-reducing sds-page gel.
oxidized pten was reduced when treated with dithiothreitol.
supplementation of n-ethylmaleimide in the cell lysis buffer was critical for the apparent bands of oxidized and reduced pten.
these results show that the mobility shift assay is a convenient method to analyze the redox state of pten in cells.
orally administered medications may interact with various fruits , vegetables , herbal medicines , functional foods or dietary supplements.
specific clinical settings are also detailed , such as the ramadan or multiple medications especially in elderly patients.
infectious diseases are more prevalent in older people than in younger adults , and represent a major healthcare issue in older populations.
indeed , infections in the elderly are often associated with higher morbidity and mortality , and may present atypically.
a progressive impairment in the functional reserve of multiple organs may affect either pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics during aging.
changes in body composition occurring with advancing age , reduced liver mass and perfusion , and reduced renal excretion may affect either pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.
these issues need to be taken into account when prescribing antimicrobial agents to older complex patients taking multiple drugs.
interventions aimed at improving the appropriateness and safety of antimicrobial prescriptions have been proposed.
educational interventions targeting physicians may improve antimicrobial prescriptions.
aging is associated with increased arterial stiffness ( pulse wave velocity , pwv ) and muscle strength / mass loss.
exercise training alone is not always effective to improve pwv and lean mass ( lm ) in older women.
wbvt consisted of four leg exercises three times weekly.
wbvt + l-citrulline decreased cfpwv ( @number@ ± @number@ m / s , p < @number@ ) compared to both groups.
all interventions decreased fapwv ( p < @number@ ) similarly.
leg lm index increased ( @number@ ± @percent@ , p < @number@ ) after wbvt + l-citrulline compared with l-citrulline.
reductions in cfpwv were correlated with increases in leg lm index ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
myopia is absent in undisturbed hunter-gatherers but ubiquitous in modern populations.
the link between dietary phytochemicals and eye health is well established , although transition away from a wild diet has reduced phytochemical variety.
visual acuity was inversely related to age only in agrarians ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
damaged dna has a profound impact on mammalian health and overall survival.
therefore , understanding how cells respond to dna damage has become one of the most intense areas of biomedical research in the recent years.
for instance , why brca1 mutations preferentially lead to breast cancer whereas mutations compromising mismatch repair drive colon cancer is still not understood.
in this context , evaluating the specific physiological impact of mutations that compromise genome integrity has become crucial for a better dimensioning of our knowledge.
we sought to determine the impact of age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) on these measures of mobility.
methods : fifty-seven amd patients with bilateral , or severe unilateral , visual impairment were compared to @number@ controls with normal vision.
all study subjects were between the ages of @number@ and @number@
subjects wore accelerometers and cellular network-based tracking devices over @number@ days of normal activity.
conclusion : amd patients with poorer vision engage in significantly less physical activity and take fewer excursions away from the home.
further studies identifying the factors mediating the relationship between vision loss and mobility are needed to better understand how to improve mobility among amd patients.
purpose : to establish mice model with periodontitis by oral infection with porphyromonas gingivalis , simulating human periodontal disease.
methods : entity microscope was used to evaluate the extent of periodontal bone resorption.
h-e staining was used to observe infiltration of inflammatory cells in periodontal lesions.
trap staining was used to observe osteoclastes in alveolar bone.
the expression levels of tgf-β1 , il-10 , il-17a and rankl mrna in periodontal tissues were detected by real-time quantitative pcr.
spss @number@ software package was used for statistical analysis.
periodontal tissues had inflammatory cell infiltration , and deep periodontal pockets.
conclusions : the expression of inflammation mediator is abnormal in aged mice with more serious periodontal lesions than youth mice.
this was a focused ethnography using participant observation and semi-structured interviews.
additionally , public housing records , cognitive functioning , and general health status were assessed.
individual interviews were transcribed verbatim using a constant comparative analysis.
eight seniors participated in the study.
all participants experienced hfs challenges such as limited mobility and financial constraints.
participants ' general health and cognitive status additionally influenced their ability to maintain hfs.
hrt must be individualized and tailored according to symptoms and each woman's individual risk profile , her preferences and expectations.
estradiol ( e2 ) may also be associated with mets , but few studies have investigated this.
methods : three thousand three hundred sixty nine community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years were recruited for participation in emas.
mets was defined by the updated ncep atp iii criteria.
testosterone and e2 levels were measured by liquid and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry , respectively.
logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex steroids and incident mets.
results : one thousand six hundred fifty one men without mets at baseline were identified.
during follow-up , @number@ men developed incident mets , while @number@ men did not develop mets.
e2 was not associated with development of mets ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
a lower e2 / t ratio may be protective against developing mets.
we examined whether social priming of cognitive states affects the inhibitory process in elderly adults , as aging is related to deficits in inhibitory control.
after the manipulation , the simon task was performed again.
namely , the simon effect was only present after congruent but not after incongruent trials for the positive manipulation group.
no influence of manipulations was found in young adults.
these meaningful results were replicated in a second experiment and suggest a decrease in conflict interference resulting from positive cognitive state priming.
senescent cells develop a pro-inflammatory response termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
we herein demonstrated that the expression of sirtuin1 ( sirt1 ) was decreased and the expression of sasp components was reciprocally increased during cellular senescence.
sirt1 bound to the promoter regions of il-8 and il-6 , but dissociated from them during cellular senescence.
the acetylation of histone h3 ( k9 ) and h4 ( k16 ) of the il-8 and il-6 promoter regions gradually increased during cellular senescence.
in sirt1-depleted cells , the acetylation levels of these regions were already higher than those in control cells in the pre-senescent stage.
moreover , these acetylation levels in sirt1-depleted cells were significantly higher than those in control cells during cellular senescence.
these results suggest that sirt1 repressed the expression of sasp factors through the deacetylation of histones in their promoter regions.
we found that in both groups , beta power decreased during the motor task in the electrodes over the two primary sensorimotor areas.
as in previous studies with young subjects , the degree of beta power before target appearance correlated with reaction time.
the values of coherence during motor planning , instead , correlated with movement time , peak velocity and acceleration.
here , we show that reduced levels of the conserved rna methyltransferase nsun5 increase the lifespan and stress resistance in yeast , worms and flies.
rcm1 , the yeast homologue of nsun5 , methylates c2278 within a conserved region of 25s rrna.
here we show that over-expression of trip13 in human fibroblasts confers resistance to environmental stressors such as uv radiation and oxidative stress.
furthermore , pch-2 overexpression in c. elegans extends worm lifespan , and enhances worm survival in response to various stressors.
conversely , reducing pch-2 expression with rnai shortens worm lifespan.
these findings suggest a novel function of the pch-2 gene involved in lifespan determination.
autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process by which long-lived proteins and organelles are sequestered by autophagosomes and subsequently degraded by lysosomes for recycling.
autophagy is important for maintaining cardiac homeostasis and is a survival mechanism that is upregulated during stress or starvation.
accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated or reduced autophagy is associated with heart failure and aging.
thus , modulating autophagy represents an attractive future therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.
activation of autophagy is generally considered to be cardioprotective , whereas excessive autophagy can lead to cell death and cardiac atrophy.
it is important to understand how autophagy is regulated to identify ideal therapeutic targets for treating disease.
within endothelial and smooth muscle cells , diverse but important triggers that range from oxidized lipids to β-amyloid seem to stimulate autophagosome formation potently.
in addition , emerging evidence links autophagy to a wide array of vascular processes ranging from angiogenesis to calcification of the vessel wall.
alterations in autophagic flux are also increasingly being implicated in disease processes that include both atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension.
finally , recent insights point toward an important role of autophagy in the paracrine regulation of vasoactive substances from the endothelium.
autophagy is a reparative , life-sustaining process by which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and degraded on fusion with lysosomal compartments.
growing evidence reveals that basal autophagy is an essential in vivo process mediating proper vascular function.
basal autophagy is atheroprotective during early atherosclerosis but becomes dysfunctional in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
this finding highlights the need for pharmacological interventions with compounds that stimulate the prosurvival effects of autophagy in the vasculature.
background : bone marrow lesions ( bmls ) are considered as predictors of pain , disability , and structural progression of knee osteoarthritis.
the relationship between knee loading and bmls is not yet completely understood.
purpose : to summarize the available evidence regarding the relationship between joint loading and the prevalence and progression of bmls in the tibiofemoral joint.
study design : meta-analysis.
a methodological quality assessment was conducted , and a meta-analysis computing overall odds ratios ( ors ) was performed where possible.
results : a total of @number@ studies involving @number@ participants were included.
mechanical loading was categorized as body weight and composition , compartmental load , structural lesion , and physical activity.
contradictory results for the effect of physical activity on bmls were found.
conclusion : augmented compartmental loads and structural lesions increased the risk of the presence or progression of bmls.
body weight increased the risk for bmls to a lesser extent.
contradictory results for the effect of physical activity on bmls may be explained by a dose-response relationship , knee alignment , and structural lesions.
clinical relevance : it has been shown that unloading the knee temporarily may induce beneficial effects on osteoarthritis-related structural changes.
purpose of the study : caregivers of persons with dementia living at home adopt a variety of caregiving styles that vary in quality.
three styles of high-quality care and poor-quality care have been identified.
the outcomes , however , of varying styles of caregiving are unknown.
our purpose was to investigate the linkage of quality of care to long-term care placement and survival.
we used items from four existing scales and five new items to construct measures of high-quality and poor-quality care.
long-term care and survival were determined from two follow-ups.
cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relationship of quality of care to long-term care placement and survival.
results : poor quality of care increased the risk of long-term care placement , as expected , but high-quality care was not related to placement.
surprisingly , high-quality care increased the risk of death while poor-quality care decreased the risk.
implications : it is premature to recommend caregiver interventions based on our unexpected findings.
further studies are vital and should include care-recipient impairments and the quality of life of the person with dementia as additional outcomes.
introduction and hypothesis : pelvic floor disorders are becoming more prevalent in the elderly population.
since more patients are seeking definitive management for their prolapse , the number of elderly patients undergoing sacral colpopexies will likely increase.
during sacral colpopexies , the surgeon must carefully dissect in the presacral space and avoid vital structures.
in elderly patients the aorta potentially elongates and the vertebral body height decreases.
consequently , there is a potential for anatomical change of distance from the bifurcation of the aorta to the sacral promontory.
this study aimed to correlate the aorta-sacral promontory distance with age.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ computed tomography ( ct ) images of @number@ patients were reviewed in this retrospective study.
radiologists measured the aorta-sacral promontory distance on sagittal acquisition.
the corresponding demographic information of age , body mass index , and comorbidities was evaluated using univariate analysis and univariate linear regression.
results : the mean age was @number@ years , and bmi was @number@
the mean aorta-sacral promontory measurement based on the ct scan was @number@ mm.
conclusions : based on ct measurements , the aorta-sacral promontory distance is decreased in elderly and hypertensive patients.
heavier patients have an increased aorta-sacral promontory distance.
these potential anatomical variants should be considered before operating in the presacral space.
the effect of genetic / early-life factors is also unknown.
we used cohort and twin analyses of data with @number@ years of follow-up for stroke incidence to help address these gaps.
methods : all @number@ @number@ members of the population-based swedish twin registry born @number@ to @number@ with alcohol data aged ≤60 years were included.
the interaction of midlife alcohol consumption by age at stroke was evaluated in cox-regression and analyses of monozygotic twins were used.
results : altogether @percent@ participants developed stroke.
age increased stroke risk for nondrinkers ( p = 0.012 ) and decreased it for heavy drinkers ( p = 0.040 ) .
in analyses of monozygotic twin-pairs , heavy drinking shortened time to stroke by @number@ years ( p = 0.04 ) .
alcohol consumption should be considered an age-varying risk factor for stroke.
frpc are associated with negative consequences including physical , psychological , and social.
identifying factors associated with frpc could inform interventions to reduce these concerns.
methods : sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with frpc in community-dwelling older people ( cdop ) were reviewed.
four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature : good , moderate , tentative , and none.
results : evidence that anxiety predicted fof , bc , and oe was tentative.
moderate evidence was found for anxiety predicting fse.
good evidence was found for depression predicting fse.
moderate evidence was found for depression predicting both fof and bc.
no evidence was found for depression predicting oe.
tentative evidence was found for fse predicting depression.
good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life ( qol ) being predicted by fof and bc respectively.
tentative evidence was found for fse predicting qol.
moderate evidence was found for qol predicting both fse and bc.
no evidence was found for qol predicting fof.
good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance / restriction ( aa / ar ) being predicted by fof and fse respectively.
tentative evidence was found for bc and oe predicting aa / ar , as well as for aa / ar predicting fof.
moderate evidence for activity level ( al ) predicting fof was identified , however the evidence of this predicting fse and bc was tentative.
evidence for fof , fse , and bc predicting al was tentative as was evidence to suggest fof predicted coping.
conclusions : mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with frpcs.
future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts , use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.
very young mammals have an impressive cardiac regeneration capacity.
in contrast , cardiac regeneration is very limited in adult humans.
background : there is some debate over of the effect of aging on the ability to recognize previously processed information.
nevertheless , a more strict recently proposed measurement , the conditional probability for recall given recognition , yielded significant age differences in all instances.
background : tremor is one of the most common neurological signs , yet its etiology is poorly understood.
a tremor score was created based on an approach using hand-drawing samples.
alad genotype was dichotomized as alad-2 carriers or not.
we used linear regression adjusted for age , education , smoking , and alcohol intake to estimate the associations between lead biomarkers and tremor score.
age was the strongest predictor of tremor.
we did not see modification by alad or an association between bone lead and change in tremor score over time.
aim : to examine healthcare assistants ' ( hcas ) attitudes towards older people in long-term care settings and their knowledge of ageing.
method : a survey was conducted with a convenience sample of hcas in three long-term care settings in the republic of ireland.
results : overall , positive attitudes towards older people were found and there was a relationship between greater knowledge about ageing and more positive attitudes.
conclusion : health services face challenges as a result of changing population demographics and nursing shortages.
continuing education in practice is important and nurses should lead innovations in education for hcas.
background : considerable evidence indicates that diet is an important risk-modifying factor for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
evidence is also mounting that dietary advanced glycation end products ( ages ) are important risk factors for ad.
objective : this study strives to determine whether estimated dietary ages estimated from national diets and epidemiological studies are associated with increased ad incidence.
methods : we estimated values of dietary ages using values in a published paper.
the analysis used dietary age values from @number@ years before the ad prevalence data.
results : meat was always the food with the largest amount of ages.
other foods with significant ages included fish , cheese , vegetables , and vegetable oil.
high medi adherence results in lower meat and dairy intake , which possess high age content.
conclusion : dietary ages appear to be important risk factors for ad.
in addition , we evaluated differences based on age and gender.
the quantitated functional data of edv , esv , and ef using the qgspect software were assessed in the rest and stress studies.
also studied were differences between males and females.
conclusion : the study showed that ef as determined by the qgspect technique should be considered as gender-matched normative parameter.
current pharmacological therapies may cause serious adverse effects , are expensive , and fail to effectively improve pain and function.
finding new and effective non-pharmacological treatments for fibromyalgia patients is urgently needed.
this article describes the design and conduct of this trial.
we plan to recruit @number@ patients with fibromyalgia.
the study population consists of adults ≥21 years of age with fibromyalgia who meet american college of rheumatology @number@ and @number@ diagnostic criteria.
the primary outcome is the change in revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire total score from baseline to @number@ weeks.
the trial also explores multiple outcomes to elucidate the potential mechanisms of tai chi and aerobic exercise and the generalizability of these interventions across instructors.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01420640 , registered @date@ .
studies manipulating emotional valence in prospective memory ( pm ) have so far revealed inconsistent results.
findings suggest that emotional valence may have an influence on mnemonic processes at encoding rather than modifying cue detection in aging.
sarcopenia and osteoporosis are two sides of the same coin.
however , the current therapeutic approach to the prevention of minimal trauma fracture is unilateral and focuses solely on bone.
background : gait and cognition are closely associated.
older adults with gait deficits have an increased risk of developing cognitive deficits and cognitive deficits are associated with worsened gait.
both gait and cognitive impairments are risk factors for falls in older adults.
if one of the assessments presented provides abnormal results , patients should be referred to a gait specialist for an in-depth quantitative gait analysis.
conclusion : assessments of functional mobility , fall risk and cognition should be an integral part of every comprehensive geriatric assessment.
quantitative gait analysis allows not only the early detection of gait deficits and fall risk , but also of cognitive deficits.
early detection allows for timely implementation of targeted interventions to improve gait and / or cognition.
background : dna methylation levels change with age.
recent studies have identified biomarkers of chronological age based on dna methylation levels.
it is not yet known whether dna methylation age captures aspects of biological age.
results : here we test whether differences between people's chronological ages and estimated ages , dna methylation age , predict all-cause mortality in later life.
the difference between dna methylation age and chronological age ( δage ) was calculated in four longitudinal cohorts of older people.
meta-analysis of proportional hazards models from the four cohorts was used to determine the association between δage and mortality.
a 5-year higher δage is associated with a @percent@ higher mortality risk , adjusting for age and sex.
a pedigree-based heritability analysis of δage was conducted in a separate cohort.
the heritability of δage was @number@
increasing numbers of adults with intellectual disabilities ( id ) are living into old age.
it can also help in ruling out reversible conditions that may have similar presentation of symptoms typical for alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
dram1 ( dna damage-regulated autophagy modulator @number@ ) is a tp53 target gene that modulates autophagy and apoptosis.
we previously found that dram1 increased autophagy flux by promoting lysosomal acidification and protease activation.
however , the molecular mechanisms by which dram1 regulates apoptosis are not clearly defined.
here we report a novel pathway by which dram1 regulates apoptosis involving bax and lysosomes.
a549 or hela cells were treated with the mitochondrial complex ii inhibitor , 3-nitropropionic acid ( 3np ) , or an anticancer drug , doxorubicin.
changes in the protein and mrna levels of bax and dram1 and the role of dram1 in bax induction were determined.
the results showed that bax , a proapoptotic protein , was induced by dram1 in a transcription-independent manner.
bax was degraded by autophagy under basal conditions ; however , its degradation was inhibited when dram1 expression was induced.
there was a protein interaction between dram1 and bax and this interaction prolonged the half-life of bax.
bax mediated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c , activation of caspase-3 and cell death partially through the lysosome-cathepsin b-tbid pathway.
these results indicate that dram1 regulates apoptosis by inhibiting bax degradation.
in addition to mitochondria , lysosomes may also be involved in bax-initiated apoptosis.
background : ablative fractional skin resurfacing has become popular and proven to be useful in treating scars , photoaging and wrinkles.
although post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) is the most common complication especially in dark-skinned patients like asian.
several modalities have been used to overcome the pih.
objective : to determine the sensitization potential of sunscreen applied immediately after ablative fractional skin resurfacing.
material and methods : sixty volunteers were recruited.
all subjects were patch / photopatch tested for sensitization study by using modified human repeated insult patch test ( hript ) .
results : there were significantly higher sensitization rate of uv-filter , octocrylene and the sunscreen in resurfacing group than in non-resurfacing group.
conclusion : early application of sunscreen after ablative fractional skin resurfacing has increased the incidence of sensitization potential of sunscreen.
we compared impairment thresholds of 1-sd and @number@.5-sd to determine if different cut-offs differentially affect occurrence rates.
method : one hundred and eight participants who met general criteria for mci were included for the purposes of this study.
the general diagnosis of mci was based on criteria.
participants were further grouped into mci subtypes.
the stricter impairment threshold of @number@.5-sd resulted in fewer patients classified as having any of the three domain-specific subtypes.
when selecting impairment thresholds , one should consider the impact on the identification of mci subtypes and the probability of misdiagnoses.
objectives : little is known about how exposure to a combination of infectious and chronic conditions throughout the lifecourse could impact disability in old age.
methods : data comes from the mexican health and aging study ( mhas ) and the u.s. health and retirement study ( hrs ) .
estimated probabilities of 2-year transitions among disability states and mortality are presented for adults aged @number@ and older.
we discuss implications , possible explanations , and likely future scenarios.
there is a rapidly growing number of persons reaching extreme age limits.
indeed , the fastest growth is found in those over the age of @number@ years or octogenarians.
along with this continuous rise , there is a significant increase in type @number@ diabetes in this population.
indeed the principles of managing type @number@ diabetes are similar to younger patients.
the frailty syndrome is considered one of the most important limitations when treating octogenarians with type @number@ diabetes in polypharmacy.
however , the risk of hypoglycemia from some treatments may present the greatest significant barrier to optimal glycemic control for the very old.
determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors , this process is highly individualized and poorly reflected in chronologic age.
the heterogeneity and the complexity of the older old population represent the main challenge to the treatment of cancer in those patients.
there are many aspects that have to be assessed before treating an elderly patient , or before to choose the treatment itself.
pain is one of the most frequent reasons for consultations in general practice , presenting either alone or associated with some comorbidity.
in all care settings for older and oldest old patients , a gap exists between best-practice recommendations and current clinical practice.
conclusion : resilience may reduce the negative influence of life stress on physical , emotional , and functional / global well-being in oplwha.
interventions that build personal capacity , coping skills , and social support may contribute to better management of hiv / aids and increase hrqol.
study @number@ ( older adults only ) involved a low-cognitive demand session ( subtracting by 1s ) .
older adults had greater agonist emg activity with high-cognitive demand and women had greater coactivation than men ( p < @number@ ) .
these findings have implications for daily and work-related tasks that involve cognitive demand performed simultaneously during submaximal isometric contractions in an aging workforce.
methods : in-home interviews were conducted with @number@ participants aged @number@ and older who were completing an eligibility interview for a randomized control trial.
the inq was administered orally , as were measures of social support , death and suicide ideation , and meaning in life.
conclusion : the inq yields reliable and valid scores of thwarted belongingness and burdensomeness when administered orally using a shortened response scale with older adults.
these results help establish the measure as a valuable and practical tool for use in the field of late-life suicide prevention.
background : the population in japan is aging more rapidly than in any other country.
however , no studies have determined the characteristics of the large population of elderly patients with colorectal tumors.
therefore , we examined the clinicopathological and molecular features of these tumors in elderly patients.
methods : in total , @number@ colorectal tumors ( @number@ serrated lesions , @number@ non-serrated adenomas and @number@ colorectal cancers ) were acquired from patients.
in elderly patients , all ssas were located in the proximal colon ( particularly the cecum to ascending colon ) .
high mir-31 expression , mlh1 methylation and msi-high status were more frequently detected in ssas from elderly patients than in those from non-elderly patients.
conclusion : in elderly patients , all ssas were located in the proximal colon.
furthermore , cytological dysplasia and molecular alterations were more frequently detected in elderly patients with ssas than in non-elderly patients.
thus , careful colonoscopic examinations of the proximal colon are necessary for elderly patients because ssas in those patients may exhibit malignant potential.
it is crucial to understand how specific cognitive deficits underlie functional deficits to develop successful cognitive interventions.
this paper reviews the evidence of impairment in everyday functioning and in working , long-term and prospective memory in early dementia.
findings are evaluated with respect to the relationship between cognitive and functional impairments.
methods : from the literature searches , @number@ studies on everyday functioning and @number@ studies on memory were obtained.
studies were only included if patients had an official diagnosis and were in the early stages of dementia.
results : complex instrumental activities of daily living were subject to greater impairment than basic activities of daily living.
in particular , early dementia patients struggle with finance tasks ; a deficit linked to impaired working memory.
regarding cognition , long-term memory is the earliest form of memory to decline as is well recognised.
evidence also indicates deficits in working and prospective memory , with inconsistent evidence about impairments of the former.
a major limitation of the literature is a lack of studies assessing individual everyday activities and the associated error patterns that might occur.
moxibustion is a side-effect-free external therapy for relieving different clinical disorders.
this mitochondrial telomerase-mediated anti-aging may be a new target of moxibustion intervention for protecting cardiomyocytes from injury under exhaustive exercise condition.
the ethanol extract of tilia taquetii schneider leaves was investigated for its anti-wrinkle properties and for the relevant chemical constituents.
moreover , compound @number@ showed inhibition activity on elastase , a protease enzyme capable of degrading elastin.
these results suggest that the extract of t. taquetii containing the triterpenes @number@ and @number@ could be applied as anti-wrinkle ingredients in cosmetic preparations.
introduction : cognitive training ( ct ) has been reported to improve cognition in older adults.
interventions were conducted in 90-minute sessions twice weekly for @number@ weeks.
cognitive functions were assessed before and immediately after the interventions , and at 1-year follow-up.
post hoc analyses indicated that these latter domains were affected differentially by cpt and ct.
no significant between-subject effects were found.
conclusion : our results suggest that cpt might lead to stronger long-term effects on attention.
other domains were improved by both interventions , but no typical pattern could be identified.
possible underlying mechanisms are discussed , and directions for future research are suggested.
a preliminary investigation using structural brain imaging revealed a region of anterior cingulate cortex that was thicker in superagers compared with healthy 50- to 65-year-olds.
compared with other subject groups , superagers showed a lower frequency of alzheimer-type neurofibrillary tangles ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no differences in total neuronal size or count between subject groups.
we also determined the functional correlates of variations in gm microstructure by obtaining resting-state fmri and behavioral data.
neocortical odi outperformed cortical thickness and white matter fractional anisotropy for the prediction of chronological age in the same individuals.
frontal pole odi mediated the negative relationship of age with executive function , whereas hippocampal odi mediated the positive relationship of age with executive function.
adolescence is often described as a period of increased risk taking relative to both childhood and adulthood.
this inflection in risky choice behavior has been attributed to a neurobiological imbalance between earlier developing motivational systems and later developing top-down control regions.
yet few studies have decomposed risky choice to investigate the underlying mechanisms or tracked their differential developmental trajectory.
neurally , we observed an adolescent peak in risk-related activation in the anterior insula and dorsal medial pfc.
our results implicate adolescence as a developmental phase of increased neural risk sensitivity.
replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana.
groups were matched on a critical confounding variable , alcohol use , to a far greater degree than in previously published studies.
no statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest.
speech comprehension in multitalker situations is a notorious real-life challenge , particularly for older listeners.
younger listeners exploit stimulus-inherent acoustic detail , but are they also actively predicting upcoming information ?
and further , how do older listeners deal with acoustic and predictive information ?
electroencephalograms were recorded while humans listened to two spoken digits against a distracting talker and decided whether the second digit was smaller or larger.
acoustic detail ( temporal fine structure ) and predictiveness ( the degree to which the first digit predicted the second ) varied orthogonally.
for older compared with younger listeners , acoustic detail had a stronger impact on task performance and alpha power modulation.
this suggests that alpha dynamics plays an important role in the changes in listening behavior that occur with age.
apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) is the best-known susceptibility gene for ad.
rs405509 is a newly recognized ad-related polymorphism located in the apoe promoter region that can regulate the transcriptional activity of the apoe gene.
to date , it remains unknown whether and how this apoe promoter polymorphism affects the human brain in aging.
high-resolution structural mri was performed ; cortical thickness and surface area were analyzed separately.
designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs ( dreadds ) are novel and powerful tools to investigate discrete neuronal populations in the brain.
we have used dreadds to stimulate degenerating neurons in a down syndrome ( ds ) model , ts65dn mice.
individuals with ds develop alzheimer's disease ( ad ) neuropathology and have elevated risk for dementia starting in their 30s and 40s.
individuals with ds often exhibit working memory deficits coupled with degeneration of the locus coeruleus ( lc ) norepinephrine ( ne ) neurons.
previous studies have shown that lc-enhancing drugs can slow the progression of ad pathology , including amyloid aggregation , oxidative stress , and inflammation.
we have shown that lc degeneration in ts65dn mice leads to exaggerated memory loss and neuronal degeneration.
dreadd stimulation of lc-ne enhanced performance in a novel object recognition task and reduced hyperactivity in ts65dn mice , without significant behavioral effects in controls.
thus , ne stimulation may prevent memory loss in ts65dn mice , and may hold promise for treatment in individuals with ds and dementia.
background : primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) is often found on routine blood tests , at a relatively asymptomatic stage.
case presentation : we report the case of an elderly patient with symptomatic phpt and incidental pulmonary embolism.
he was treated with hydration , zoledronic acid , cinacalcet and high-dose unfractionated heparin.
a short-term treatment with beta-blockers was introduced for symptomatic relief.
conclusion : chronic hyperparathyroidism has been linked with increased all-cause mortality.
a functional chronic hypercortisolism could be established , enhancing phpt related disorders.
only parathyroid surgery has been demonstrated to cure phpt and complications related , showing similar outcome between older and younger patients.
however , the management of post-operative period should be more careful in fragile patients.
in particular , the early diagnosis and treatment of a transient post-operative thyrotoxicosis could improve recovery.
subjects with common variable immune deficiency may have mutations in transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor ( taci ) .
unlike the murine gene , human taci undergoes alternative messenger ( m ) rna splicing to produce isoforms with @number@ or @number@ ligand-binding domains.
because both isoforms are found in human b cells , we compared their functions in transduced murine b and human pre-b cells.
the short taci-transduced cells became larger and cd138 positive , demonstrated upregulated blimp1 and xbp1 mrna , and acquired the morphology of plasma cells.
in contrast , cells bearing the long isoform had significantly less blimp1 and xbp1 mrna and , for human pre-b cells , remained cd138 negative.
although the transcriptional controls for alternative splicing of isoforms remain unknown , differential signals via isoforms may control plasma-cell generation in humans.
research on dementia care continues to develop , yet little attention has been given to the dementia experience in rural , northern communities.
this study explored the dementia journey through the viewpoints of health service providers , caregivers , community members , and people living with dementia.
the findings highlight the complexity of dementia awareness and understanding.
practical service implications and the need for greater developments with respect to the awareness and understanding of dementia in rural , northern communities are discussed.
a cross-lagged panel design was applied with structural equation modeling.
the study sample included adult children aged @number@ or older with living parents or parents-in-law.
no reciprocal relationship was found between caregiving and labour force participation , but gender differences were evident.
women caregivers in @number@ were less likely to be working in @number@ whereas employment status was not related to subsequent caregiving.
in contrast , men working in @number@ were less likely to be caregiving in @number@ whereas caregiving was not related to subsequent employment status.
findings suggest that gender plays an important role in the relationship between caregiving and labour force participation.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) has been observed to be hereditable and correlated with longevity.
however , contrasting results have been reported in different populations on the value of ltl heritability and on how biology of telomeres influences longevity.
this suggests that the maintenance of these chromosomal structures may be critically important for preventing , or delaying , senescence and aging.
such a correlation was not observed in a population from northern italy that we used as an independent replication set.
cell replication and oxidative stress are factors contributing to erosion of telomeres responsible for maintaining genomic stability and cell replication capability.
in this study , the rate of telomere shortening in β-thalassemia / hbe patients was compared to the rate of telomere shortening in normal individuals.
telomere length was determined from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @number@ β-thalassemia / hbe patients and @number@ normal controls using flow-fish analysis.
additionally , reticulocyte count and oxidative stress were correlated with telomere length.
this indicates that increased oxidative stress and markedly enhanced erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia / hbe patients leads to accelerated telomere erosion in clinically severe patients.
fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type @number@ diabetes.
our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and t2d susceptibility.
this study aimed to examine the prevalence of lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities by recently updated menopausal stages in middle-aged women.
results : increased prevalence of lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities were observed across menopausal stages.
the aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the effect of wbv exposure alone on balance and functional mobility in older adults.
wbv-plus-exercise was only included if the control group performed the same exercises as the wbv group , but without vibration.
the methodological quality of studies was assessed using the pedro scale.
meta-analysis was performed if three or more studies measured the same outcome.
twenty rcts met the inclusion criteria.
eight rcts compared wbv-only with control and eight rcts compared wbv-plus-exercise with the same-exercise only group.
wbv improved other balance and mobility outcomes with inconsistent results.
although there is some evidence for an overall effect of wbv on selected balance and mobility measures , its impact remains inconclusive.
robust rcts examining wbv-only exposure on balance and functional mobility in older adults are warranted.
objectives : acute chest pain ( acp ) is a leading cause of hospital emergency unit consultation.
as there are various underlying conditions , ranging from musculoskeletal disorders to acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) , thorough clinical diagnostics are warranted.
reproducible cwt on palpation was the initial step and was recorded before further examinations were initiated.
the final diagnosis was adjudicated by a study-independent physician.
results : @number@ patients ( @percent@ male , median age @number@ years , iqr 34-66.5 years ) were included.
the prevalence of acs was @percent@.
however , acs and other diagnoses should be considered in patients with a negative cwt test.
trial registration number : clinicaltrial.gov : nct01724996.
background : in alzheimer's disease synapse loss precedes neuronal loss and correlates best with impaired memory formation.
however , the mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration in alzheimer's disease are not well known.
further , it is unclear why synapses in ad cerebellum are protected from degeneration.
results : using western blots and immunohistochemistry , we found that cspalpha expression is reduced in hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus in alzheimer's disease.
reduced cspalpha expression occurred before synaptophysin levels drop , suggesting that it contributes to the initial stages of synaptic degeneration.
surprisingly , we also found that cspalpha expression is upregulated in cerebellum in alzheimer's disease.
this cspalpha upregulation reached the same level as in young , healthy cerebellum.
in htau mice cspalpha expression was found to be elevated at times when neuronal loss did not occur.
conclusion : our findings provide evidence that the presynaptic vesicle protein cspalpha is a key player in synaptic degeneration and protection in alzheimer's disease.
in the forebrain cspalpha expression is reduced early in the disease and this may contribute to the initial stages of synaptic degeneration.
in the cerebellum cspalpha expression is upregulated to young , healthy levels and this may protect cerebellar synapses and neurons to survive.
accordingly , cspalpha upregulation also occurs in a mouse model of tauopathy only at time when neuronal loss does not take place.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is a rhythm disorder with rapidly increasing prevalence due to the aging of the population.
we coupled the fem to a circuit model to capture hemodynamic interactions between the atrium , pulmonary circulation , and left ventricle.
the normal model reproduced measured volumes within @number@ sd , as well as most metrics of regional mechanics.
however , only impaired ventricular relaxation could reproduce the increased reliance on active emptying we observed in these patients.
the resulting model provides new insight into the mechanics of af and a platform for exploring future therapies.
we addressed this question by comparing recollection-related cortical reinstatement in young and older adults.
at study , subjects viewed objects and concrete words , making @number@ of @number@ different semantic judgments depending on the study material.
test items were words that corresponded to studied words or the names of studied objects.
subjects indicated whether each test item was recollected , familiar , or novel.
the results of these analyses converged to suggest that reinstatement did not differ according to age.
thus , there was no evidence that specificity of recollected information was reduced in older individuals.
additionally , there were no age effects in the magnitude of recollection-related modulations in regional activity or in the neural correlates of post-retrieval monitoring.
taken together , the findings suggest that the neural mechanisms engaged during successful episodic retrieval can remain stable with advancing age.
the α5β1 integrin is a key fibronectin ( fn ) receptor that binds to rgd-containing peptides to mediate cell adhesion.
we previously reported that α5β1 integrin promotes osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal skeletal cells ( mscs ) , but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
biochemical analyses showed that peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming transiently increased pi3k / akt phosphorylation and promoted wnt / β-catenin transcriptional activity independently of rret.
consistently , pharmacological inhibition of pi3k activity reduced osteoblast differentiation and abolished wnt regulatory gene expression induced by α5β1 integrin priming.
aortic geometries were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging , and the aortic blood flow field was computed using computational fluid dynamics.
objectives : aspergillus fumigatus is the most common agent of invasive aspergillosis ( ia ) .
in recent years , resistance to triazoles , the mainstay of ia therapy , has emerged in different countries worldwide.
ia caused by azole-resistant a. fumigatus ( araf ) shows an exceedingly high mortality.
in this study , ia due to araf isolates in hsct recipients in germany was investigated.
methods : the epidemiology of azole resistance in ia was analysed in two german haematology departments.
between @number@ and @number@ @number@ patients received hsct in essen ( n = @number@ ) and cologne ( n = @number@ ) .
susceptibility testing of a. fumigatus isolates was performed by etest , followed by eucast broth microdilution testing if elevated mics were recorded.
in all araf isolates the cyp51a gene was sequenced and the genotype was determined by microsatellite typing using nine short tandem repeats.
results : in total , a. fumigatus was recovered from @number@ hsct recipients.
eight patients had azole-resistant ia after hsct , and seven of the cases were fatal ( @percent@ ) .
all except one patient received antifungal prophylaxis ( in five cases triazoles ) .
in one resistant isolate no cyp51a mutation was detected.
genotyping revealed genetic diversity within the german araf isolates and no clustering with resistant isolates from the netherlands , india and france.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia and exhibits a considerable level of heritability.
however , how and when the established genetic risk locus bin1 rs744373 confers risk to late-onset ad has yet to be determined.
dietary assessment in older adults can be challenging.
the objective of the present study was to assess the relative validity of the nana method for dietary assessment in older adults.
on a separate occasion , participants completed a @number@ d estimated food diary.
blood and @number@ h urine samples were also collected from seventy-six of the volunteers for the analysis of biomarkers of nutrient intake.
background and purpose : it is important for patients recovering from coronary artery bypass ( cab ) surgery to initiate and maintain recommended exercise guidelines.
subjects : participants were @number@ people aged @number@ and older , prospectively recruited from a u.s. hospital following cab surgery.
procedures : a qualitative description methodology was used to identify factors that influenced participants ' feelings about exercise and qol.
data were collected using phone interviews @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after surgery.
discussion and conclusion : motivating themes remained consistent across the time intervals but the number of responses regarding barriers to exercise increased over time.
a better understanding of the patient experience may help to promote exercise initiation and adherence following cab surgery.
results : over the past two decades , @number@ different bioactive polyphenols / phlorotannins have been isolated and studied from @number@ different brown algae.
discussion of the positive effect on the inhibition of enzymes metabolizing carbohydrates in both in vitro and in vivo experiments are included.
here we show that microglia constitute a barrier with profound impact on plaque composition and toxicity.
in ageing , microglia coverage is reduced leading to enlarged protofibrillar aβ42 hotspots and more severe neuritic dystrophy.
cx3cr1 gene deletion or anti-aβ immunotherapy causes expansion of microglia coverage and reduced neuritic dystrophy.
failure of the microglia barrier and the accumulation of neurotoxic protofibrillar aβ hotspots may constitute novel therapeutic and clinical imaging targets for ad.
the aim of this article was to explore age-related differences in the muscle modes ( m-modes ) during voluntary body sway ( vs ) .
m-modes were defined as trunk and leg muscles organized into groups with parallel scaling of muscle activation level within a group.
emg signals of @number@ postural muscles were recorded and analyzed.
principal component analysis ( pca ) was used to identify three m-modes within the space of integrated indices of muscle activity.
we are overwhelmed by warnings about inevitable geophysical and human problems.
earth is beset by escalating , manmade , environmental crises and our exploding population will eventually lack water , food and vital materials.
understanding consciousness , the brain , its aging and pathologies , and eliminating the propensity for human aggression are urgent challenges.
during 1958-2012 , nasa spent $ 800 billion.
in contrast , the annual cost of brain disease in the u.s. is $ 600 billion , more than cardiovascular disease and cancer combined.
we suggest that a massive switching of financial and human resources is required to explore the full potential of the human brain.
visiting mars can wait.
this article provides an overview of some of the assessment approaches that have been developed to assess this construct.
recent findings : a variety of well validated assessment approaches are now available.
the most frequently used methods index explicit emotion recognition and / or mental state attribution.
accordingly , a large number of measures are now available to quantify social cognitive function.
this review shows that many of these measures have good psychometric properties , and appear to have at least moderate sensitivity.
the results suggest that postural sway characteristics and the cortical and proprioceptive feedback were not limited when using the apparatus.
we also observed improvements in balance control and postural stability with @number@ wk of training with the apparatus.
methods : nt-probnp concentrations were measured at baseline and at 12-months follow-up in participants of cardiac rehabilitation ( median follow-up @number@ years ) .
results : among @number@ participants ( @percent@ men , mean age @number@ years ) there were @number@ adverse cardiovascular events.
elevated proteasome activity extends lifespan in model organisms such as yeast , worms and flies.
this pro-longevity effect might be mediated by improved protein homeostasis , as this protease is an integral module of the protein homeostasis network.
proteasomes also regulate cellular processes through temporal and spatial degradation of signaling pathway components.
proteasome-mediated lifespan extension activity was carbon-source dependent and cells with enhancement proteasome function exhibited increased respiratory activity and oxidative stress response.
these findings suggested that the pro-aging impact of proteasome upregulation might be related to changes in the metabolic state through a premature induction of respiration.
deletion of yeast ampk , snf1 , or its activator snf4 abrogated proteasome-mediated lifespan extension , supporting this hypothesis as the ampk pathway regulates metabolism.
increasing proteasome activity also resulted in partial relocation of mig1 from the nucleus to the mitochondria.
finally , compromised proteasome function blocks lifespan extension in both strains.
aβ is generated from amyloid-β precursor protein ( app ) through sequential cleavages first by β-secretase and then by γ-secretase.
inhibiting β-secretase activity is believed to be one of the most promising strategies for ad treatment.
together , our results indicate that miyabenol c is a prominent β-secretase inhibitor and lead compound for ad drug development.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) derived from glucose are implicated in osteoporosis and a number of diabetic complications.
our results for the first time show a significant , age-independent association between the levels of igf1 and ages.
based on these results we propose a model of igf1-based regulation of bone fracture.
current cardiovascular risk scores do not include obesity or fat distribution as independent factors , and may underestimate risk in obese individuals.
a number of issues need to be addressed before this approach is ready for translation into routine clinical practice.
methodologies for measurements of vascular markers need to be further standardized and less operator-dependent.
the utility of these nontraditional risk factors will also need to be proven in sufficiently large and properly designed interventional studies.
finally , current vascular measurements are still crude and may not be sufficient to cover the different aspects of eva in obesity.
context : it is unclear whether declining sexual function in older men is a cause or consequence of reduced androgen status.
objective : longitudinal associations were examined between reproductive hormones and sexual function in older men.
sexual functions ( erectile function , sexual activity , and sexual desire ) were self-reported via standardized questions.
however , the magnitude of the decrease in serum t was strikingly small ( < 10% ) .
similar associations were found for changes over @number@ years in serum t and decline in sexual desire , but not for erectile function.
the success of this approach hinges on the accuracy of rare variant imputation , which remains controversial.
the age-specific risk of prostate cancer among g84e mutation carriers was higher than among non-carriers.
results indicated that pkcf had antioxidative effect in vivo which significantly improved the activity of sod and t-aoc and decreased mda content.
to investigate the antitumor activity of pkcf , we used h22 cells , hela cells , and eca-109 cells with vero cells as control.
we also used fruit flies as a model for analyzing the anti-aging property of pkcf.
results showed that pkcf has antiaging effect on drosophila.
results of the present study demonstrated that pkcf could be a promising agent that may find applications in health care , medicine , and cosmetics.
the category-free net reclassification improvement from srcf was calculated at 15-year follow-up on cvd and all-cause mortality.
overall , @number@ individuals died from cvd.
comparable findings were found for all-cause mortality.
srcf might prove useful in improved risk stratification in primary prevention.
identifying modifiable factors that confer susceptibility is essential for intervention.
blood tlr2 methylation was analyzed using pyrosequencing.
daily flavonoid and methyl nutrients intakes were assessed through the food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) .
no significant effect of methyl nutrients on tlr2 methylation was observed.
conclusions : higher tlr2 methylation may confer susceptibility to adverse cardiac autonomic effects of pm2.5 exposure in older individuals.
higher flavonoid intake may attenuate these effects , possibly by decreasing tlr2 methylation.
background : advanced heart failure is linked with structural and functional alterations in the brain.
it is unclear whether a graded decrease in cardiac function puts older subjects at risk for brain aging.
we investigated the association between cardiac hemodynamics and features of brain aging in community-dwelling older subjects.
lower lvsv was associated with worse performance in processing speed ( p = 0.043 ) and executive function ( p < 0.001 ) .
lower co was associated with worse performance in processing speed ( p = 0.015 ) and executive function ( p = 0.003 ) .
conclusions : a graded decrease in cardiac functioning is associated with features of brain aging.
older persons with cardiac or cognitive signs and symptoms may have both cardiac and cerebral diseases and should be evaluated accordingly.
design and methods : a nationwide sample was analyzed , based on a questionnaire with @number@ individuals using elderly care services.
among the person-related factors , loneliness was the strongest predictor of satisfaction among older persons in nursing homes.
interestingly , a path analysis revealed that safeness and treatment function as mediators in linking loneliness to satisfaction.
design and methods : the nyuci-ac was evaluated within a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
participants completed comprehensive assessments at baseline and at 4-month intervals during the first year and every @number@ months thereafter.
the focus of the current analysis was on the effects of the nyuci-ac on change in primary subjective stress over @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
implications : the nyuci-ac offered adult child caregivers counseling and support that improved their ability to manage their reactions to disruptive behaviors.
this occurred despite the fact that other primary subjective stressors , such as role captivity and role overload , were not reduced.
screening and brief intervention ( sbi ) is increasingly available to older adults who engage in at-risk drinking.
introduction : non-pharmacological therapies for common chronic medical conditions in older patients are underused in clinical practice.
here , we examine the evidence that part has a pathogenic mechanism and a prognosis which differ from those of ad.
on the other hand , entorhinal-hippocampal tau pathology is an invariant feature of ad and is always associated with its development.
background : there is mixed evidence suggesting that air pollution may be associated with increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders.
we aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and non-specific perceived stress , often a precursor to development of affective psychiatric disorders.
at each visit , participants were administered the 14-item perceived stress scale ( pss ) , which quantifies stress experienced in the previous week.
scores ranged from 0-56 with higher scores indicating increased stress.
we also evaluated effect modification by season ( april-september and march-october for warm and cold season , respectively ) .
older adults may be vulnerable to frontal plane dynamic instability , which is of clinical significance.
for each walking trial , subjects performed a single laterally-directed step to a target on a force plate.
subjects were instructed to \ "perform the lateral step and keep walking forward \ ".
the peak hip abductor moment of the stepping limb was @percent@ larger by older adults compared to younger adults ( p < 0.001 ) .
older adults were also more stable than younger adults at all step targets ( p < 0.001 ) .
older adults executed the lateral step with slower forward-directed and lateral-directed velocity despite similar step widths.
age-related differences in hip abduction moments may reflect greater muscular effort by older adults to reduce the likelihood of becoming unstable.
however , age-related differences in this study could also reflect a compensatory strategy by older adults to ensure stability while performing this task.
both impairments contribute to the development of insulin resistance , obesity and chronic age-related diseases.
a physically active lifestyle keeps both the vasodilator response and microvascular density high.
the luminal diameter of a common terminal arteriole ( ta ) controls blood flow through up to @number@ capillaries belonging to a single mvu.
increases in plasma insulin and exercise / muscle contraction lead to recruitment of additional mvus.
insulin also increases arteriolar vasomotion.
background : lifestyle has been proven to have a dramatic effect on the risk of age-related diseases.
the association of lifestyle and facial ageing has been less well studied.
objectives : to identify lifestyle factors that associate with perceived facial age in white north european men and women.
smoking and sunbed use were associated more strongly with wrinkling in women than in men.
bmi , sun exposure and skincare were associated predominantly with perceived facial age via wrinkling , whereas oral care was associated via other facial features.
conclusions : although associative in nature , these results support the notion that lifestyle factors can have long-term beneficial effects on youthful looks.
we examined this issue in a large sample of right-handed healthy young adults.
our results revealed associations between higher vcdt and lower md in the bilateral globus pallidus.
these personality variables were also associated with vcdt.
the globus pallidus receives the dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra and plays a key role in motivation which is critically linked to dopamine.
these results suggested the md in the globus pallidus , underlie the association between vcdt and multiple personalities in tci including novelty seeking.
the thymus is the organ devoted to t-cell production.
the thymus undergoes multiple rounds of atrophy and redevelopment before degenerating with age in a process known as involution.
this process is poorly understood , despite the influence the phenomenon has on peripheral t-cell numbers.
here we have investigated the fvb / n mouse strain , which displays premature thymic involution.
we find multiple architectural and cellular features that precede thymic involution , including disruption of the epithelial-endothelial relationship and a progressive loss of pro-t cells.
the architectural features , reminiscent of the human thymus , are intrinsic to the nonhematopoietic compartment and are neither necessary nor sufficient for thymic involution.
by contrast , the loss of pro-t cells is intrinsic to the hematopoietic compartment , and is sufficient to drive premature involution.
objective : a challenge for implementing high bandwidth cortical brain-machine interface devices in patients is the limited functional lifespan of implanted recording electrodes.
development of implant technology currently requires extensive non-clinical testing to demonstrate device performance.
however , testing the durability of the implants in vivo is time-consuming and expensive.
validated in vitro methodologies may reduce the need for extensive testing in animal models.
approach : here we describe an in vitro platform for rapid evaluation of implant stability.
commercially available microelectrode arrays ( meas ) were placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide at @number@ °c for a period of @number@ days.
main results : raa produced a diverse range of effects on the structural integrity and electrochemical properties of electrodes.
all array types experienced impedance declines , consistent with published literature showing chronic ( > 30 days ) declines in array impedance in vivo.
impedance change was greatest at frequencies < 10 hz , and smallest at frequencies @number@ khz and above.
significance : ros , which are known to be present in vivo , can create structural damage and change electrical properties of meas.
broad-spectrum electrical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates increased sensitivity to electrode damage compared with single-frequency measurements.
raa can be a useful tool to simulate worst-case in vivo damage resulting from chronic electrode implantation , simplifying the device development lifecycle.
background : fibromyalgia is a condition which involves chronic pain.
methods : @number@ women ( @number@ in the fibromyalgia group and @number@ in the elderly group ) volunteered to participate in the study.
kinematics was performed using an optoelectronic system , and linear and angular kinematic variables were determined.
study design : a histological , biological , and immunohisto-chemical study of human lumbar ligamentum flavum.
objective : to analyze changes in the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum and clarify their etiology.
although previous studies have reported some factors related to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy , its etiology is still unclear.
the thickness of the ligamentum flavum was measured histologically.
the amounts of elastic fibers and proteoglycans were assessed by elastica-masson staining and alcian blue staining , respectively.
gene and protein expressions related to fibrosis , inflammation , and chondrogenesis were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
the total genes of the @number@ groups were compared by dna microarray analysis.
the gene expression related to chondrogenesis and proteoglycan synthesis was significantly higher in the lscs group.
there was no significant difference in the gene expression related to inflammation between the @number@ groups.
in addition , chondrogenesis and proteoglycan synthesis may have critical roles in the pathogenesis of the ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.
level of evidence : @number@
in healthy humans , lymphocyte populations are maintained at a relatively constant size throughout life , reflecting a balance between lymphocyte production and loss.
these fundamental insights will aid the interpretation of further research into aging and clinical conditions related to disturbed lymphocyte dynamics.
background : minimizing the impact of oxidation on polyethylene components is important for preserving their mechanical integrity while in vivo.
among the strategies to reduce oxidation in modern first-generation highly crosslinked polyethylenes ( hxlpes ) , postirradiation remelting was considered to afford the greatest stability.
however , recent studies have documented measurable oxidation in remelted hxlpe retrievals.
biologic prooxidants and physiologic loading have been proposed as potential mechanisms.
methods : remelted and annealed hxlpe prisms ( n = @number@ per test condition ) were tested in a wear simulator for @number@ cycles.
after wear testing , some samples were subjected to accelerated aging and then wear-tested again.
wear track volumes were characterized by confocal microscopy.
thin films ( 200-μm thick ) were microtomed from wear prisms and then used for fourier transform infrared spectroscopy oxidation and crystallinity assessments.
remelted hxlpe compression cylinders ( n = @number@ per test condition ) were subjected to fatigue experiments and similar oxidation characterization.
results : remelted hxlpe qualitatively showed low oxidation indices ( ≤ @number@ ) when subjected either to cyclic loading or aging alone.
however , oxidation levels almost doubled in near-surface regions when remelted hxlpe samples underwent consecutive cyclic loading , artificial aging , and cyclic loading steps.
the type of loading ( wear versus compression fatigue ) appeared to not affect the oxidation behavior in the studied conditions.
annealed hxlpe showed higher oxidation ( oxidation index > @number@ ) than remelted hxlpe and delamination wear.
no delamination wear was observed in remelted hxlpe in agreement with its comparatively low oxidation levels ( oxidation index < @number@ ) .
further studies of the effect of cyclic stress on oxidation of remelted hxlpe are needed.
clinical relevance : retrieval studies are warranted to determine the natural history of the in vivo oxidation and wear behavior of first-generation , remelted hxlpe.
prominent increase in cortical porosity began at the fifth decade but reached a plateau before the sixth decade.
trabecular bone loss was already evident in young adulthood and continued throughout life.
at both sites , cortical bone area , vbmd , and thickness showed significant quadratic association with age with significant decrease beginning after midlife.
in contrast , trabecular vbmd and microarchitecture showed linear association with age with significant deterioration observed throughout adulthood.
estimated age of peak was around age of @number@ for trabecular vbmd and microarchitecture and ct.po and age of @number@ for cortical vbmd and microarchitecture.
estimated stiffness and failure load peaked at mid-30s at the distal radius and at age @number@ at distal tibia.
conclusions : age-related differences in vbmd and microarchitecture in chinese women differed by bone compartments.
significant cortical bone loss occurred after midlife.
prominent increase in ct.po began at the fifth decade but appeared to be arrested before the sixth decade.
loss of trabecular bone was already evident in young adulthood and continued throughout life.
background : the authors evaluated their experience with facial rejuvenation in the massive weight loss patient.
methods : a retrospective chart review of the senior author's ( r.j.r ) face-lift patients was conducted.
data on patient age and body mass index , surgical techniques used ( when available ) , and intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected.
results : of the senior author's 25-year database of @number@ patients , @number@ were identified ( @number@ women and seven men ) .
nineteen patients had primary face lifts performed ; three patients were secondary cases.
average age at face lift was @number@ years ( range , @number@ to @number@ years ) .
body mass index at the time of surgery was @number@
there were no intraoperative complications.
postoperative complications included one hematoma that responded to drainage.
nineteen patients ( @number@ percent ) had volume loss in the midface and nasolabial groove regions.
the superficial musculoaponeurotic system ( smas ) was addressed in @number@ patients ( @number@ percent ) with a smasectomy.
fat augmentation was performed in all patients.
on average , almost twice as much fat was used ( @number@ ml versus @number@ ml in non-massive weight loss patients ) .
conclusions : in the massive weight loss population , there are common techniques that can enhance results.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
background : impaired renal function has been linked to cognitive impairment.
we assessed mid-life proteinuria and late-life cognitive function in elderly asian men.
methods : the honolulu heart program is a prospective study that began in @number@ with @number@ japanese-american men aged @number@ to @number@ years.
mid-life proteinuria was detected by urine dipstick in @number@ to @number@
the honolulu-asia aging study began @number@ years later , with cognitive assessment by the cognitive abilities screening instrument ( casi ) in @number@ men.
standard criteria were used to classify 8-year incident dementia and subtypes.
conclusion : mid-life proteinuria was an independent predictor for late-life incident all-cause dementia and cognitive decline over @number@ years.
scope : tissue concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular disease risk , and genetic variants are associated with circulating fatty acids concentrations.
whether dietary fatty acids interact with genetic variants to modify circulating omega-3 fatty acids is unclear.
we evaluated interactions between genetic variants and fatty acid intakes for circulating alpha-linoleic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , docosahexaenoic acid , and docosapentaenoic acid.
background : temporal lobe epilepsy ( tle ) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus.
understanding the mechanisms of neuron death is key to preventing the neurodegeneration associated with tle.
however , the involvement of neuronal loss to the epileptogenic process has yet to be fully determined.
to the best of our knowledge , there are no reported studies that performed detailed identification and validation of nlrp1 inflammasome during the epileptogenic process.
proinflammatory cytokines levels and hippocampal neuronal loss were evaluated after @number@ weeks of treatment in these nlrp1 or caspase-1 deficiency tle rats.
seps were recorded at the cz electrode with reference to fz.
all measurements were repeated three times with an interval of 3-5 weeks.
current perception thresholds ( cpt ) , sep latencies and amplitudes were analysed.
results were compared with a group of younger women published previously.
results : lut seps demonstrated two positive ( p1 , p2 ) and one negative peak ( n1 ) .
n1 latencies , except for the distal urethra , were significantly shorter than those in younger women.
conclusion : lut seps can be induced in middle-aged women with reliable n1 responses.
unexpectedly , n1 responses reveal a shortening with increasing age particularly when compared with younger women.
the concept of aging male is defined by an age in which might appear some clinical symptoms.
these symptoms , including erectile dysfunction ( ed ) , are sometimes similar to those met in the late onset hypogonadism.
simultaneously , cardiovascular diseases increase with age and are associated with ed.
the diagnosis of ed , associated or not with late onset hypogonadism , is mostly clinical.
its management will include pde-5 which are generally well tolerated.
early detection of late onset hypogonadism is recommended as testosterone substitution improves quality of life.
although testosterone substitution needs to be carefully monitored , there is no clear evidence of increased risk of prostate cancer or cardiovascular disease.
a substantial part of this historical increase is due to decreases in early life mortality.
our analysis is focused on writers and musicians from the 17th through the 21st centuries.
we suggest that this confirms that modern life span extension is driven by delay of death in older life rather than avoidance of premature death.
however , there is no consistent evidence of an increased protection against metabolic disorders and other ailments when comparing studies in laboratory animals and humans.
a number of extraneous and potential confounding variables can affect the outcome of clinical research.
to date , most of the studies that have investigated the effect of resveratrol administration on patient outcomes have been limited by their sample sizes.
we investigated whether serum fgf21 was predictive of the development of diabetic nephropathy.
method : baseline serum fgf21 levels were measured in @number@ chinese type @number@ diabetic subjects recruited from the hong kong west diabetes registry.
results : at baseline , serum fgf21 levels increased progressively with egfr category ( p for trend < .001 ) .
conclusions : elevated serum fgf21 levels may be a useful biomarker for predicting kidney disease progression , especially in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
background : no consensus exists about methods of measuring nursing home ( nh ) length-of-stay for medicare beneficiaries to identify long-stay and short-stay nh residents.
research design : we linked 2006-2009 mds assessments to medicare part a skilled nursing facility ( snf ) data.
this algorithm determined the daily nh stay evidence by mds and snf dates.
nh length-of-stay and characteristics were reported in the total , long-stay , and short-stay residents.
long-stay residents identified by the algorithm were compared with the nh evidence from mds-alone and medicare parts a and b data.
results : of @number@ residents identified by our algorithm , @percent@ were long stay.
purpose : this study assessed the effect of antioxidants vitamin c ( vit.
c ) , vitamin e ( vit.
materials and methods : human premolars were restored using antioxidant-doped adhesives.
the samples were stored for @number@ h in distilled water or @number@ months under simulated pulpal pressure.
teeth were cut into sticks and the microtensile bond strength ( μtbs ) to dentin was tested in a universal testing machine.
qualitative nanoleakage analysis was performed from a central stick of each restored tooth.
degree of conversion and rate of polymerization of adhesive systems were evaluated in triplicate using real-time ft-ir.
results : although the inclusion of the antioxidants negatively affected the μtbs over @number@ h , the antioxidant-doped adhesives maintained ( sb-vit.
c , sb-vit.
e , cse-vit.
c , eb-querc ) or increased ( sb-querc , cse-vit.
e , cse-querc , eb-vit.
e , and eb-vit.
c ) their μtbs during @number@ months of storage.
only the μtbs of adper single bond @number@ dropped significantly after @number@ months among the control groups.
c , which presented a remarkable decrease.
a lower degree of conversion was obtained with all antioxidants in sb and eb , except for the eb-vit.
e group.
similar degrees of conversion were attained in control and experimental groups for cse.
the rate of polymerization was reduced in antioxidant-doped adhesives.
we investigated the hypothesis that meal consumption may reduce tongue strength and endurance in older adults ( oas ) .
results : there was a statistically significant difference in both tongue pressure and the number of voluntary swallows between yas and oas.
peak tongue pressure was significantly lower in oas than yas both before and after meal consumption.
the initiation of swallowing was prolonged by both meal consumption and aging ; there was a significant interaction between these two factors.
conclusion : aging leads to declining tongue pressure and motor function of the lips.
background : there is growing evidence that cognitive training ( ct ) can improve the cognitive functioning of the elderly.
ct may be influenced by cultural and linguistic factors , but research examining ct programs has mostly been conducted on western populations.
methods : thirty-nine elderly participants were randomized into intervention ( n = 21 ) and wait-list control ( n = 18 ) arms.
at the end of the training , a usability and acceptability questionnaire was administered.
users were asked about any adverse events experienced after each session as a safety measure.
results : the training was deemed easily usable and acceptable by senior users.
overall , participants responded positively on the usability and acceptability questionnaire.
methods : prospective study involving @number@ hypertensive , community-dwelling older women with different metabolic disorders.
a short-term bp-lowering drug therapy was conducted according to current brazilian guidelines on hypertension , and basal cytokine levels were measured before and after intervention.
this study aimed at investigating how participants perceived this kind of initiative and how they reacted to different kinds of icts.
age of participants ranged from @number@ years to @number@ years , with a mean of @number@ years.
all of them had completed secondary education.
the analyses of the data were performed according to inductive thematic analysis.
results : four overarching themes emerged from the analysis.
the first concerned participants ' motivation for and assessment of the project.
the second theme identified the underlying factors of the \ "digital divide \ " between the younger and the older generations.
the third theme concerned the factors of technology adoption among older adults.
the fourth one identified participants ' attitudes toward assistive icts , designed specifically for older adults ( \ "gerontechnologies \ " ) .
discussions and conclusion : this project encouraging older adults to be informed about different kinds of icts was positively rated.
with regard to icts , participants perceived a digital divide.
the underlying factors are generation / cohort effects , cognitive and physical decline related to aging , and negative attitudes toward technologies.
however , more and more older adults adopt different kinds of icts in order to fit in with the society.
concerning assistive icts , they manifested a lack of perceived need and usefulness.
also , there was a negative image of end users of this kind of technologies.
the so-called gerontechnologies specifically targeting older adults contain stigmatizing symbolism that might prevent them from adopting them.
a number of genes associated with ltl have already been identified through genome-wide association studies.
the main aim of this study was to establish whether dcaf4 ( ddb1 and cul4-associated factor @number@ ) is associated with ltl.
conclusions : we uncovered a new locus associated with ltl in the general population.
we also provided preliminary findings that suggest a link of ltl through genetic mechanisms with uvr and melanoma in the general population.
background : vascular risk factors and lack of formal education may increase the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
methods : this door-to-door survey was performed by an arab-speaking team in wadi ara villages in israel.
all consenting residents aged ≥ @number@ years were interviewed for medical history and underwent neurological and cognitive examinations.
individuals were cognitively classified as normal ( cn ) , mci , ad , vascular dementia , or unclassifiable.
mci patients were re-examined at least one year later to determine conversion to ad.
the contributions of age , gender , school years , and vascular risk factors to the probability of conversion were estimated using logistic regression models.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had mci and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ad.
of the @number@ subjects with mci that were re-examined , @number@ converted to ad.
conversion risk from mci to ad could be estimated as a function of age , time interval between examinations , and hypertension.
static stabilometry and the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) test were performed.
the antero-posterior sway component was demonstrated to be the best predictor of the moca overall score.
isavuconazole is a novel broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent.
twenty-four patients were enrolled , and @number@ patients completed the study.
the loading and maintenance doses were doubled in the high-dose cohort ( n = @number@ ) .
the adverse events in five patients in the low-dose cohort and in eight patients in the high-dose cohort were considered to be drug related.
most were mild to moderate in severity , and the most common adverse events were headache and rash ( n = @number@ each ) .
of the @number@ patients who completed the study , @number@ were classified as a treatment success.
( this study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under registration number nct00413439. ) .
poorer health was associated with lower levels of sexual activity and a higher prevalence of problems with sexual functioning , particularly among men.
among men it was level of sexual desire ( @number@ % ) and erectile difficulties ( @number@ % ) .
while the likelihood of reporting sexual health concerns tended to decrease with age in women , the opposite was seen in men.
problems with sexual functioning were relatively common , but overall levels of sexual health concerns were much lower.
sexually active men reported higher levels of concern with their sexual health and sexual dissatisfaction than women at all ages.
as we age , movements become slower and inconsistent and require more attention.
these hallmarks of aging suggest a switch from predictive to reactive motor control.
the physical characteristics of typical liposomes and cpp-conjugated liposomes containing p. aviculare extract were evaluated.
the particle sizes of both liposomes were approximately @number@ nm.
whereas the zeta potential of typical liposomes was @number@ mv , that of cpp-conjugated liposomes was @number@ mv.
the loading efficiency of p. aviculare extract in both liposomes was calculated to be about @percent@.
fluorescent-labeled liposomes were prepared to evaluate cellular uptake and skin permeation efficiency.
using flow cytometry , we found that cpp-conjugated liposomes improved cellular uptake of the fluorescent dye as compared with the typical liposomes.
the improved cellular uptake and skin permeation of the cpp-conjugated liposomes were due to the cationic arginine-rich peptide.
in vivo studies also determined that the cpp-conjugated liposomes were more effective in depigmentation and anti-wrinkle studies than typical liposomes.
these results indicate that the cpp-conjugated liposomes could be effective for transdermal drug delivery of antioxidant and anti-aging therapeutics.
background : in hospitals , length of stay ( los ) is a priority but it may be prolonged by malnutrition.
this study seeks to determine the contributors to malnutrition at admission and evaluate its effect on los.
excluded were those admitted directly to the intensive care unit ; obstetric , psychiatry , or palliative wards ; or medical day units.
at admission , the main nutrition evaluation was subjective global assessment ( sga ) .
body mass index ( bmi ) and handgrip strength ( hgs ) were also performed to assess other aspects of nutrition.
additional information was collected from patients and charts review during hospitalization.
the median ( range ) los was @number@ ( 1-117 ) days.
other nutrition-related factors associated with prolonged los were lower hgs at admission , receiving nutrition support , and food intake < @percent@.
obesity was not a predictor.
conclusion : malnutrition at admission is prevalent and associated with prolonged los.
complex disease and age-related social factors are contributors.
objective : to evaluate the effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation in a community-based smoking-cessation-clinic ( scc ) in chinese smokers.
methods : a prospective observational study was conducted in beijing , china.
trained physician counselors provided free individual counseling and follow-up interviews with brief counseling for all the subjects.
@number@ subjects were additionally prescribed varenicline according to their own choice and reported data were compared to those without varenicline.
outcomes were self-reported , regarding the 7-day point prevalence on abstinence rate and continuous abstinence rates at @number@ @number@ and @number@ month follow-up periods.
varenicline also showed better outcomes at @number@ and @number@ month follow-up.
all models adjusted for sex , poor psychosocial health , education , marital status , and children in the household.
conclusions : developing an lli was associated with a cessation in alcohol consumption and a reduction in consumption to special occasion drinking from early adulthood.
persistent drinkers who drank at least till @number@ were the healthiest overall.
health selection is likely to influence nondrinking across the life course.
in addition , pd risk increased cumulatively with the increasing number of variants ( odds ratio for carrying @number@ variants , @number@ ) .
snps in these @number@ genes have a cumulative effect with pd.
cognitive decline is a burdensome extra-motor symptom associated with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
cognition and cognitive status for patient classification were assessed using detailed neuropsychological testing.
significantly , decreased ifc in pd-ci patients compared with control subjects was observed , predominantly between major nodes of the default mode network.
in conclusion , the increased ifc might be the initial manifestation of altered brain function preceding cognitive deficits.
hyperconnectivity could be an adaptive ( compensatory ) mechanism by recruiting additional resources to maintain normal cognitive performance.
as pd-related pathology progresses , functional disruptions within the default mode networks seem to be considerably associated with cognitive decline.
we investigate this using a neuroimaging model that predicts brain age in healthy individuals and then apply it to tbi patients.
this ageing model was then applied to test @number@ tbi patients and @number@ healthy controls to estimate brain age.
results : the initial model accurately predicted age in healthy individuals ( r = @number@ ) .
interpretation : tbi patients ' brains were estimated to be older than their chronological age.
this discrepancy increases with time since injury , suggesting that tbi accelerates the rate of brain atrophy.
mediation analyses controlling for contextual variables tested the explanatory role of optimism.
for both traits , optimism fully explained the associations with fsrh.
a number of studies have examined dietary patterns in various populations.
however , to study to what extent such patterns capture meaningful differences in consumption of foods is of interest.
diet was assessed by a 253-item ffq.
these @number@ food items were categorised into forty-six food groups , and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis.
overall , four dietary patterns were identified : the ' western' ; ' vegetarian' ; ' continental' ; ' high-protein'.
the ' continental ' dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein and α-carotene ( r ( adj ) = -0·13 ) .
no significant association between the ' high-protein ' dietary pattern scores and the plasma carotenoids was found.
despite great impact on daily living , women seem to be reluctant to seek help from professionals or talk about the problem.
method : seven women aged 60-65 living in the faroe islands were interviewed to elaborate on daily living with long-term ui.
the interview texts were analysed by means of discourse analysis.
results : three main themes emerged from the interviews.
conclusion : all the women used different cultural discourses to make meaning of ui and continuously negotiated these meanings.
background : a positive life orientation ( plo ) is important for staying healthy physically , mentally and functionally.
however , little is known about the factors connected with plo in home-dwelling older people , even though it is an important topic.
aim : the aim of this study was to identify factors connected with positive life orientation among home-dwelling older people.
methods : the data were collected in @number@ among all residents of turku , finland , born in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
follow-ups were conducted in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) , @number@ ( n = @number@ ) and @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
a multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate a model of factors that connected with plo.
results : several factors were significantly connected with plo at ages @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
for example , if 70-year-old respondents perceived themselves as being in better health than others of the same age , it improved their plo.
the various explanatory models explained between @number@ and @percent@ of the variance in outcomes.
these subjective experiences remained significant even when objective indicators such as medication use , the presence of diseases and functional capacity were taken into account.
objective : to discuss the early clinical results and risk factors of modified colonna capsular arthroplasty for young patients with unilateral hip dislocation.
results : all cases were followed up for 12-18 months , mean @number@ months.
the average hip rom decreased from 380° in average pre-surgery to 200° in average at last follow-up.
indexes increased at the last follow-up , showing no statistically difference.
vas and the satisfaction score were much better in patients < 16 years group compared with ≥ @number@ years group at last follow-up.
however , the cochlear orientation does not significantly change during postnatal development.
adjacent structures correlated with the cochlear position.
objective : to test whether the cochlear position and orientation , which are important in cochlea implant surgery , change during postnatal development.
methods : ct images of both ears of @number@ human subjects were studied.
there were no statistically significant differences in the angles between the central axis of the cochlea and these coordinate planes among age groups.
the sample consisted of @number@ layoff survivors and @number@ non-survivors ( employees whose organizations had not downsized ) .
among non-survivors , age effects were minimal.
recent studies have shown age-related deficits in learning subtle probabilistic sequential relationships.
however , virtually all sequence learning studies have displayed successive events one at a time.
here we used a modified triplets learning task to investigate if an age deficit occurs even when sequentially-presented predictive events remain in view simultaneously.
twelve young and @number@ old adults observed two cue events and responded to a target event on each of a series of trials.
all three events remained in view until the subject responded.
unbeknownst to participants , the first cue predicted one of four targets on @percent@ of the trials.
learning was indicated by faster and more accurate responding to these high-probability targets than to low-probability targets.
this article presents an emergent heuristic framework for the core environmental gerontology concept of \ "place. \ "
the efp will be argued to be a place theory which subsumes themes of emergent environmental gerontology theories within a developmental science perspective.
implications for theory , method and practice are discussed.
regulation of intracellular ros levels is critical since increases above normal concentrations lead to oxidative stress and dna damage.
this review summarizes work linking the ability to regulate intracellular ros to the hematopoietic stem cell phenotype , aging , and disease.
importance : in vivo imaging of brain β-amyloid , a hallmark of alzheimer disease , may assist in the clinical assessment of suspected alzheimer disease.
participants included terminally ill patients who were @number@ years or older with a life expectancy of less than @number@ year.
main outcomes and measures : sensitivity and specificity of flutemetamol injection labeled with radioactive fluorine @number@ positron emission tomography imaging for brain β-amyloid.
in patients who died , neuropathologically determined neuritic plaque levels were used to confirm scan interpretations and determine sensitivity and specificity.
imaging was performed a mean of @number@ months ( range , @number@ to @number@ months ) before death.
sensitivity without computed tomography was @percent@ to @percent@ ( median , @percent@ ) .
median specificity was @percent@ , with @number@ of @number@ of the readers having specificity greater than @percent@.
when scans were interpreted with computed tomography images , sensitivity and specificity improved for most readers but the differences were not significant.
the area under the receiver operating curve was @number@
there were no clinically meaningful findings in safety parameters.
in vivo detection of brain β-amyloid plaque density may increase diagnostic accuracy in cognitively impaired patients.
astrocytes express a variety of g protein-coupled receptors and might influence cognitive functions , such as learning and memory.
however , the roles of astrocytic gs-coupled receptors in cognitive function are not known.
we found that humans with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) had increased levels of the gs-coupled adenosine receptor a2a in astrocytes.
chemogenetic activation of astrocytic gs-coupled signaling reduced long-term memory in mice without affecting learning.
like humans with ad , aging mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein ( happ ) showed increased levels of astrocytic a2a receptors.
conditional genetic removal of these receptors enhanced memory in aging happ mice.
emotion often enhances memory for stimulus features , but the relationship between emotion and the binding of features in memory is unclear.
younger and older adults attempted to remember events in which a person performed a negative , positive or neutral action.
memory for the action was enhanced by emotion , but emotion did not enhance the ability of participants to remember which person performed which action.
importance : this study assesses factors associated with the most common adverse event following lumbar puncture.
objective : to identify factors associated with the risk , onset , and persistence of post-dural puncture headache ( pdph ) .
collection of up to @number@ ml of csf appears to be well tolerated and safe.
objective : telomere shortening , a biomarker of cellular aging , has been associated with aging-related diseases.
while psychological stress has been implicated in the process of telomere shortening , associations with activity of physiological stress systems have remained elusive.
we studied whether leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is associated with ( hpa ) axis responses to psychosocial stress in elderly adults.
only one non-linear association between ltl and plasma acth area under the curve increment was significant after adjustments for covariates and confounders.
this association did not survive correction for multiple testing.
conclusions : our findings suggest that ltl is not consistently associated with hpa axis activity during a standardized psychosocial stress test in elderly adults.
senior wellness fairs ( swfs ) offer a unique opportunity for community health promotion and interprofessional education ( ipe ) .
the authors describe and evaluate the impact of a 3-year , university-community swf collaboration on interprofessional competencies among students across multiple professional programs.
implications and suggestions for structuring learning opportunities that combine community health promotion practice and interprofessional learning are discussed.
genotype imputation is now routinely applied in genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) and meta-analyses.
we found that both reference panel and gwas chip density affect the imputation of low frequency and rare variants.
similarly , 1m chip array outperformed 610k and 317k.
however for very rare variants ( maf ≤ @percent@ ) , only 0-1% of the variants were well imputed.
we conclude that the imputation of low frequency and rare variants improves with larger reference panels and higher density of genome-wide genotyping arrays.
yet , despite a large reference panel size and dense genotyping density , very rare variants remain difficult to impute.
the survey assessed social networks , social support , and physical and mental health among older adults.
results : bootstrapping was used to examine mediation models.
objectives : suicide among older adults is a major public health problem in the usa.
results : correlational analyses revealed that simple relationships between pd scales with gsis subscales were generally stronger than with rfl subscales.
conclusion : these findings suggest that depressive pd features are strongly related to increased suicidal thinking and lowered resilience to suicide among older adults.
assessment of depressive pd features should also be especially included in the assessment of later-life suicidal risk.
the cga is universally accepted as the most appropriate instrument to analitically evaluate the age related problems of elderly patients.
the cga items are predictive of severe toxicity , however it is not clearly established which are the best performers and the best cut-offs points.
there are few prospective studies that evaluated the role of cga in treatment choice.
the first is a phase ii study in solid tumors , the second is a haematological trial on non hodgkin lymphoma.
the largest trial is a @number@ patients observational series that confirmed the role of cga in decision making.
the administration of cga is time consuming and consequently some screening tools were developed.
ves-13 is a @number@ items tool that explores prevalently the functional status and the self reported health status.
overcash et al. proposed an abbreviated form of cga using a reduced number of items of adl , iadl , mmse and gds.
there was a good correlation between complete and reduced scales ( coefficient of correlation @number@ ) .
g8 is a screening tool composed of @number@ questions that explore functional , cognitive and nutritional status.
the score with the best equilibrium between sensibility and specificity was @number@ ( sensibility @percent@ and specificity @percent@ ) .
based on these parameters a 0-2 score was developed.
another important indicator is the disease specific survival ( dss ) .
concerning the design of clinical trials , a possible strategy is to enrol elderly patients without upper age limit and to plan stratification.
little is known regarding how well psychosocial resources that promote well-being continue to correlate with affect into very late life.
a steeper decline in affect balance was evident over a time-to-death metric compared with chronological age.
within-person associations indicated that participants reported higher positivity on occasions when they were more socially active.
in addition , lower affect balance was associated with more frequent contact with children.
our results suggest that social engagement and satisfying relationships confer benefits for affective well-being that are retained into late life.
however , our findings do not provide evidence to indicate that social resources protect against terminal decline in well-being.
the analysis revealed a significant small-to-medium effect of abst ( d = @number@ ) and important moderators of the effect size.
the review raises important theoretical and methodological issues , and areas for future research.
previous research shows that the correlation between income and life satisfaction is small to medium in size.
we tested this hypothesis in @number@ nationally representative panel studies.
multilevel modeling techniques were used to test whether age moderated both the within- and between-person associations.
importantly , these effects were strongest for midlife individuals ( those in their 30s-50s ) as compared with individuals who were younger or older.
investigators used content analysis and quantization to examine the word association data and statistical tests to analyze the mental health subscale ( era-mhs ) .
findings were integrated and presented in a convergence code matrix.
findings have implications for geriatric mental health competencies of students in the health professions.
the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.
this might indicate a greater plaque accumulation in a clinical situation.
however , this result has to be investigated in vivo to understand its clinical relevance.
objective : prospective monitoring of posttraumatic amnesia ( pta ) is recommended following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) .
however , few studies have examined the typical order in which items recover on pta scales.
different methods have been used to define recovery , and the order reported is not consistent across the literature.
method : a retrospective analysis was conducted of @number@ patients with tbi who were administered the wptas during hospital admission.
however , the significance of differences between items and the order of recovery of categories depended on the criterion adopted.
considering the recovery of individual items is necessary to understand and account for individuals differences in the order of recovery.
the object of this study was to assess the effectiveness of amd documentation at a local veterans affairs medical center.
amd documentation was compared among three inpatient services : surgery , medicine , and psychiatry.
retrospective in nature , @number@ inpatient cases were compared.
results revealed that , overall , the rate of amd documentation was @percent@.
amd documentation on surgery was statistically more frequent ( @percent@ ) than for either medicine ( @percent@ ) or psychiatry ( @percent@ ) .
the difference between the numbers of days to amd documentation for all three services was not statistically significant.
while there was no statistically significant difference across gender , caucasians had amds documented more frequently than african americans ( p < @number@ ) .
logistic regression reveals that social worker and physician intervention , not patient-specific variables , are the primary predictors of amd incidence.
standardized exercise programs do not necessarily bring about the behavioral change that is necessary.
therefore , a patient-centered approach is needed.
methods : the coach2move strategy was developed on the basis of @number@ systematic literature studies and expert consultations.
multiple focus group meetings and a delphi procedure were organized to gain consensus on the coach2move strategy.
acceptability and potential effectiveness were studied in a pilot study with a pre- / postdesign in which @number@ physical therapists and @number@ patients participated.
to assess acceptability , patients were interviewed , discussion were held with the involved physical therapists was held , and health records were studied.
potential effectiveness was tested measuring the level of physical activity , frailty , quality of life , and mobility before and after treatment.
the pilot study showed high appraisal of the strategy by both physical therapists and patients.
moreover , a potential effect on the level of physical activity , frailty , quality of life , and mobility was observed.
in conclusion , the coach2move strategy can be considered acceptable in pt practice and showed potential benefits.
the results on the ( cost- ) effectiveness of this strategy based on a large , randomized , controlled trial are expected in @number@
sleep is implicated in cognitive functioning in young adults.
a provocative question for the field of cognitive aging is whether such changes in sleep physiology affect cognition ( e.g. , memory consolidation ) .
we review nearly a half century of research across seven diverse correlational and experimental domains that historically have had little crosstalk.
the software implementation finished one month ahead of schedule , and the software performed reliably.
the software , available commercially through rightcare solutions , was adopted by the health system and remains in use after @number@ months.
the d2s2 risk assessment tool can be installed easily in existing ehr systems.
future research will focus on how the tool influences discharge decision-making and how its accuracy can be improved in specific settings.
methods : the hypothesis starts from a new , biochemical view on evolution and the behavior of living matter.
according to this view , life is a fabric of chemical reactions that sustain each other.
reactants and energy support are needed for these reactions to take place in a cell.
in time , for species with evident aging , some reactions lose their specificity , which affects cell division and differentiation.
this , in turn , influences cell energy metabolism.
conclusions : this hypothesis explains phylogenetic differences related to lifespan and longevity , and body-size differences between species and within the same species.
the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is rapidly increasing in white populations , causing high morbidity and health-care costs.
few studies , however , have described the trends for scc , as population-based data with a long follow-up are limited.
data were retrieved from the cancer registry of norway.
age-adjusted scc incidence and mortality rates and 5-year relative survival ( in percent ) were calculated for 5-year calendar periods.
a joinpoint regression model identified the annual percentage change ( apc ) in rates over the 50-year period.
most striking increase was seen in the age group 70-79 , in face and head locations and among residents in southern norway.
scc mortality and survival rates remained relatively stable.
our findings underline an increasing need for scc treatment in norway , especially considering the aging population.
the findings also call for the creation of particular guidelines for primary prevention of scc.
we have used a mouse model with liver-specific defective cma to identify changes in proteostasis attributable to reduced cma activity in this organ with age.
we have found that other proteolytic systems compensate for cma loss in young mice which helps to preserve proteostasis.
it is hypothesized that rest allows for superior consolidation of new memories.
we investigated this question via a virtual reality route memory task.
healthy young participants learned two routes to a @percent@ criterion.
one route was followed by a 10-min rest and the other by a 10-min spot the difference game.
tests were repeated after @number@ days to determine any long-term effects.
no effect of rest was detected in the route memory or cognitive map tests , most likely due to ceiling and floor effects , respectively.
we therefore demonstrate that the benefit of rest extends to ( spatial ) associative and temporal order memory in humans.
chemokines play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response through a tightly controlled expression.
elevated levels of inflammatory chemokines commonly occur with aging but the mechanism underlying this age-associated change is not fully understood.
we observed that monocytes and naïve cd8 t cells expressed higher levels of ccl4 and exhibited an age-related increase in ccl4.
finally , we demonstrated that mir-125b action requires the ' seed ' sequence in @number@'utr of ccl4.
together these findings demonstrated that mir-125b is a negative regulator of ccl4 and its reduction is partially responsible for the age-related increase of ccl4.
lipoic acid ( la ) is an antioxidant able to produce its effects in aqueous or lipophilic environments.
lipoate is the conjugate base of lipoic acid , and the most prevalent form of la under physiological conditions.
la is also involved with anti-inflammatory action , independently of its antioxidant activity.
la was mainly tested in cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) , obesity , pain , inflammatory diseases and aging.
la uses in cvd and obesity , in humans , are controversial.
on the other hand , beneficial effects on inflammation and pain were observed.
la supplementation in animal models may prolong life , has neuroprotective effects and presents positive effects against cancer.
these results suggest the need for further clinical trials to guide health professionals regarding the safety of prescription of this supplement.
to determine the molecular etiology of this disease , we performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted sanger sequencing.
ifih1 has been linked to a number of autoimmune disorders , including aicardi-goutières syndrome.
immunohistochemistry demonstrated the localization of mda5 in all affected target tissues.
in vitro functional analysis revealed that the ifih1 c.2465g > a mutation enhanced mda5 function in interferon beta induction.
interferon signature genes were upregulated in sms individuals ' blood and dental cells.
our data identify a gain-of-function ifih1 mutation as causing sms and leading to early arterial calcification and dental inflammation and resorption.
liver failure ( lf ) continues to be a serious problem due to different underlying disorders.
not only hepatocytes but kupffer cells ( kcs ) and dendritic cells ( dcs ) are of importance in this instance.
we wanted to investigate the possible role of kcs and liver dcs in the development of liver injury in patients with liver failure.
liver specimens from @number@ patients who died after liver failure were examined for the presence and distribution of cd68-positive kcs and cd83-positive dcs by immunohistochemistry.
the distribution of the cd83-positive dc in the sinusoidal and the periportal spaces was not even.
while @percent@ of patients had a high sinusoidal density of cd83-positive cells , @percent@ demonstrated a high density of cd83-positive cells in the periportal tract.
the distribution and number of cd68-positive kc and cd83-positive dc reflect the progression of liver fibrosis leading to liver failure.
facial expressions convey emotions that form the foundation of interpersonal relationships , and many of these emotions promote and regulate our social linkages.
eventually , therapeutic implications for facial aging treatment will be addressed.
accelerometer outputs as peak loading ( g ) per activity were averaged.
anova , correlation analyses and bland-altman plots were computed to determine validity of accelerometers using grf.
background : with advancing age comes dramatic increase in the incidence of chronic diseases , disabilities , and mental problems.
this study was conducted to epidemiologically describe the health status of the elderly population of iran.
material and methods : people aged ≥60 were selected.
mini-nutritional assessment , activity of daily living , geriatric depression scale questionnaires were administered.
physical diseases and risk factors were also investigated.
for the purpose of this study , @number@ elderly individuals were randomly selected.
results : the mean age of sample was @number@.1±7.3 and @percent@ were illiterate.
from total , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had vision problems.
from @number@ individuals who used dentures , @number@ ( @percent@ ) wore the same first denture for over @number@ years , without being examined.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) of our seniors spent their free time alone at home.
@percent@ of women and @percent@ of men were dependent on others for at least one daily activity.
conclusion : the health status of the elderly in iran was similar to other countries in the world.
however there continues to be room for improvement.
stable fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated using high shear homogenization and ultrasonic dispersion technique.
an open trial was conducted using fullerene nanoemulsion on skin twice a day for @number@ days.
the mean collagen score significantly increased ( p < 0.05 ) from @number@.53±4.39 to @number@.69±5.46 with @percent@ increment at the end of the treatment.
hence , the fullerene nanoemulsion may assist in protecting collagen from breakdown with cosmeceutical benefit.
herein , we present a synopsis of the ups components and of their functional alterations during cellular senescence or in vivo aging.
we propose that mild ups activation in the young organism will , likely , promote antiaging effects and / or suppress age-related diseases.
neural data showed that as task difficulty increased , the amplitude of the parietal p3b component during the probe phase decreased and its latency increased.
these cr-related differences in neural efficiency may underlie reserve against neuropathology and age-related burden.
we demonstrate that abhd11os levels are markedly reduced in different mouse models of hd.
we performed in vivo experiments in mice using lentiviral vectors encoding either abhd11os or a small hairpin rna targeting abhd11os.
results show that abhd11os overexpression produces neuroprotection against an n-terminal fragment of mutant huntingtin , whereas abhd11os knockdown is protoxic.
these novel results indicate that the loss lncrna abhd11os likely contribute to striatal vulnerability in hd.
our study emphasizes that lncrna may play crucial roles in neurodegenerative diseases.
unlabelled : fracture risk is increased in type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) .
the effect of pre-diabetes and t2dm on bone macroarchitecture and strength has not been well investigated.
introduction : older men and women with t2dm are at increased risk for fracture despite normal bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
the discordance between bone quantity and skeletal fragility has driven investigation into additional determinants of fracture resistance in t2dm.
additionally , the effect of pre-diabetes on bone strength has not been well described.
sex-stratified analyses were conducted using adjusted stepwise regression models.
there was no significant association between glycemic status and hip geometry in men.
conclusions : in women only , both igt and t2dm were inversely associated with bone macroarchitecture and measures of bone mineralization and bending strength.
the same association between worsening glycemic status and bone strength was not observed in men.
these data suggest a differential effect of sex on hip geometry with evolving glucose intolerance.
telencephalic neurocircuitry that plays functional roles in spatial learning and memory includes hippocampus , dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex.
these and other phenomena of synaptic plasticity are probably crucial for the involvement of telencephalic neurocircuitry in spatial learning and memory.
further research emphasis on rodent telencephalic neurocircuitry could be relevant to more valid and reliable preclinical research on these most devastating brain disorders.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : brain and memory.
medical practice is often based on single disease guidelines derived from clinical trials that have not included frail older people or those with multiple morbidities.
the majority of adrs in older people are type a , potentially avoidable and associated with commonly prescribed medications.
several adrs are particularly associated with major adverse consequences in the elderly and their reduction is therefore a clinical priority.
falls are strongly associated with benzodiazepines , neuroleptics , antidepressants and antihypertensives.
there is good evidence for medication review as part of a multifactorial intervention to reduce falls risk in community dwelling elderly.
multiple medications also contribute to delirium , another multifactorial syndrome resulting in excess mortality particularly in frail older people.
clostridium difficile associated with use of broad spectrum antibiotics mainly affects frail older people and results in prolonged hospital stay with substantial morbidity and mortality.
antipsychotics increase the risk of stroke by more than three-fold in patients with dementia.
inappropriate prescribing can be reduced by adherence to prescribing guidelines , suitable monitoring and regular medication review.
given the heterogeneity within the older population , providing individualized care is pivotal to preventing adrs.
more than @number@ whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in @number@
the collective academic output of the bbdp is now described as the arizona study of aging and neurodegenerative disorders ( azsand ) .
most bbdp subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan phoenix , arizona.
specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with alzheimer's disease , parkinson's disease and cancer.
the median age at death is @number@
substantial funding has also been received from the michael j. fox foundation for parkinson's research.
the program has made rapid autopsy a priority , with a @number@.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection.
the median rna integrity number ( rin ) for frozen brain and body tissue is @number@ and @number@ respectively.
more than @number@ tissue requests have been served and currently about @number@ are served annually.
these requests have been made by more than @number@ investigators located in @number@ us states and @number@ countries.
tissue from the bbdp has contributed to more than @number@ publications and more than @number@ grant-funded projects.
background : colorectal cancer ( crc ) is the third most common diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women.
design : embase and pubmed-ncbi were searched for relevant articles up to @date@ that identified potential interactions between foods or dietary patterns and crc risk.
results : obesity increases the risk of crc by @percent@.
regular physical activity reduces this risk by @percent@.
crc risk derived from red meat intake is influenced by both total intake and its frequency.
fish consumption may decrease crc risk by @percent@ whereas garlic intake is not significantly associated with reduced crc risk.
moderate amounts of alcohol ( 25-30g / day ) increase crc risk.
nonetheless , epidemiological evidence in this regard is not conclusive so further research is warranted.
taken together these data strongly indicate that the presence of a basal level of telomere-associated ddr is a determinant of susceptibility to g4 stabilization.
a better knowledge of the genetics of aging will prove helpful in understanding the underlying biological processes.
here , we describe the whole genome sequences of @number@ female octogenarians.
we provide the repertoire of genomic variants that the @number@ octogenarians have in common.
we also describe the overlap with the previously reported genomes of @number@ supercentenarians individuals aged ≥110 years.
furthermore , there is no evidence for an accumulation of previously described variants promoting longevity in the @number@ octogenarians.
these findings suggest that genetic fitness , as currently defined , is not the sole factor enabling an increased life span.
we identified a number of healthy-cognitive-aging candidate genetic loci awaiting confirmation in larger studies.
it is often suggested that sleep-dependent consolidation of motor learning is impaired in older adults.
we show that , when tested with a classic sequence learning task , requiring individuated finger movements , older adults did not show sleep-dependent consolidation.
we suggest that age-related decline in fine motor dexterity may in part be responsible for the previously described deficit in sleep-dependent motor consolidation with aging.
hemoglobin and hematocrit are important determinants of blood viscosity and arterial oxygen content and may therefore influence cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) .
autophagy involves more than @number@ proteins and is regulated by nutrient availability , and various stress sensing signaling pathways.
this article provides an overview of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy , its role in health and diseases , and methods for its measurement.
osteoarticular infections ( oai ) , which are often associated with bacteraemia , seem to be increasing.
data were extracted from a prospective protocol of bacteraemia cases recorded.
trends in main findings were considered in five periods.
major antibiotic resistance patterns were studied.
patterns of oai were changing over time.
compared with younger patients , older adults ( ≥ @number@ years ) had more vom , prosthetic-joint infections and enterococcal oai.
there was a link between certain microorganisms with specific oai and age of patients.
over the past three decades , bacteraemic oai increased in association with aging and use of orthopaedic devices.
nosocomial and healthcare-related oai increased , with a rise in multidrug-resistant bacteria.
these trends should be considered when planning diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for oai.
ageism is one of the most socially condoned and institutionalized forms of prejudice in the united states.
older adults are discriminated against in employment , health care , and other domains.
exposure to unfavorable stereotypes adversely affects the attitudes , cognitions , and behavior of older adults.
recurrent experiences with negative stereotypes combined with discrimination may make ageism a chronic stressor in the lives of older adults.
the way stress influences physical health is gaining increasing support.
researchers have found empirical support for the weathering hypothesis as well as its theorized contribution to racial and ethnic health disparities.
i conclude with implications for practice in the helping professions and recommendations for future research.
ageism warrants greater recognition , social condemnation , and scientific study as a possible social determinant of chronic disease.
in patients with osa , the elderly group had a poorer sleep quality and more severe nocturnal oxygen desaturation than the younger group.
conclusion : stronger relation of ht and osa severity in younger patients should encourage us to screen osa in these patients at very young age.
increased osa severity without obesity in very old patients needs to be confirmed and further studied.
the tonsils provide defense of the upper aerodigestive tract against pathogens.
although long known to undergo functional changes with age , the precise changes occurring within tonsillar b cell populations remain undefined.
in the present study , we investigated age-related changes in palatine tonsillar b cell subsets and immunoglobulin ( ig ) isotypes.
tonsillar b cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry.
in addition , ig isotypes in tonsils preferentially switch from igm to iga as individuals age.
the association between speed of information processing and cognition has been extensively validated in normal aging and other neurocognitive disorders.
our aim was to determine whether such a relationship exists in stroke.
after adjusting for symbol digit modalities test score , all significant group differences in cognitive functioning disappeared.
however , group differences remained significant after controlling for the influence of other cognitive factors.
these findings suggest that decreased ps appears to underlie post-stroke cognitive dysfunction and may serve as a potential target for intervention.
this study measured listener sensitivity to increments of a target inter-onset interval ( ioi ) embedded within tone sequences that featured different rhythmic patterns.
the sequences consisted of six 50-ms 1000-hz tone bursts separated by silent intervals that were adjusted to create different timing patterns.
duration difference limens in milliseconds for increments of a single sequence ioi were measured adaptively by adjusting the duration of an inter-tone silent interval.
specific target iois within sequences differed across discrimination conditions.
listeners included younger normal-hearing adults and groups of older adults with and without hearing loss.
additionally , the specific influence of variable rhythmic grouping on temporal sensitivity was found to be greatest among older listeners.
two experiments examined how the different cues to gaze direction contribute to children's abilities to follow and make explicit judgements about gaze.
in experiment 1a , 2- and 3-year olds showed gaze-cued orienting of attention in response to unmanipulated and blurred faces , but not line-drawn faces.
adult participants showed cueing effects to line drawn faces as well as the other two types of face cue in experiment 1b.
all age groups performed above chance with unmanipulated images.
the ability to safely perform cognitive-motor dual-tasks is critical for independence of older adults.
we compared age-associated differences in global and segmental control during dual-task walking in sub-optimal sensory conditions.
gait speed decreased more in ya than oa during wt.
gait speed increased with gvs with normal vision but not bv.
step length considerably decreased with wt.
trunk roll significantly decreased only in oa with gvs in wt.
head roll significantly decreased with gvs regardless of age.
results indicate gvs-induced adaptations were dependent on available visual information.
ya reduced their gait speed more than oa to achieve a similar pace to safely perform wt.
gvs resulted in both age-groups to reduce head movement.
however , with the addition of wt during gvs , oa also stiffened their trunk.
therefore , with increased attentional demands healthy oa employed different compensatory strategies than ya to maintain postural control.
objectives : normal pressure hydrocephalus ( nph ) is a treatable neurological syndrome developing in the elderly.
it is characterized by balance impairment , urinary incontinence and dementia development caused by disorders in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) circulation.
the diagnosis can be easily mistaken for other neurodegenerative diseases , which are often accompanied by inflammation and the production of cytokines.
no significant changes were observed in the plasma.
the csf cytokines were one to three orders of magnitude higher compared to the plasma.
conclusion : csf can better show the neurodegenerative changes in the brain.
the cytokines il-1β , il-6 and il- @date@ be helpful in nph diagnostics.
accumulation of 7-ketocholesterol ( 7kch ) in tissues has been previously associated with various chronic aging diseases.
orally ingested 7kch is readily metabolized by the liver and does not pose a toxicity threat.
however , 7kch formed in situ , usually associated with lipoprotein deposits , can adversely affect surrounding tissues by causing inflammation and cytotoxicity.
inhibition of either one of these enzymes ablates 7kch-fatty acid ester ( 7kfae ) formation.
the 7kfaes are not toxic and do not induce inflammatory responses.
however , they can be unstable and re-release 7kch.
overexpression of soat1 reduced the 7kch-induced inflammatory response and provided some protection from cell death.
this effect is likely due to the increased conversion of 7kch to 7kfaes , which reduced the intracellular 7kch levels.
addition of hdl selectively increased the efflux of 7kfaes and enhanced the effect of soat1 overexpression.
our data suggests an additional function for hdl in aiding extra-hepatic tissues to eliminate 7kch by returning 7kfaes to the liver for bile acid formation.
it was also shown that cholesterol was to a large degree excluded from trapped lipid domains in cortical membranes.
it is evident that the rigidity of nuclear membranes was greater than that of cortical membranes for all age groups.
lymphatic contractile dysfunction is central to a number of pathologies that affect millions of people worldwide.
however , there has been a surge of recent research focusing on different mechanisms that underlie both physiological and pathophysiological aspects of lymphatic contractile function.
aging is the primary risk factor for numerous chronic , debilitating diseases.
these diseases impact quality of life of the elderly and consume a large portion of health care costs.
the cost of age-related diseases will only increase as the world's population continues to live longer.
thus it would be advantageous to consider aging itself as a therapeutic target , potentially stemming multiple age-related diseases simultaneously.
while logical , this is extremely challenging as the molecular mechanisms that drive aging are still unknown.
furthermore , clinical trials to treat aging are impractical.
even in preclinical models , testing interventions to extend healthspan in old age are lengthy and therefore costly.
one approach to expedite aging studies is to take advantage of mouse strains that are engineered to age rapidly.
these strains are genetically and phenotypically quite diverse.
additionally , careful identification of commonalities among the strains may lead to the identification of fundamental pathways of aging.
all of these pathways converge to lead to axon dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy.
these studies have shown axonal degeneration to occur through a programmed pathway of injury signaling and cytoskeletal degradation.
two-stage probit and least squares regression models assessed the impact of relocation on familial and nonfamilial emotional , instrumental , and financial support.
results : relocation was negatively associated with the number of social support resources that older adults perceived as being available.
discussion : relocation has negative implications for the number of social support resources perceived to be available by older adults in rural china.
china will need to come to terms with how to provide for the instrumental support needs of an aging society.
background : the dna methylation-based ' epigenetic clock ' correlates strongly with chronological age , but it is currently unclear what drives individual differences.
general cognitive ability , walking speed , lung function and grip strength were measured concurrently.
cross-sectional correlations between age acceleration and the fitness variables were calculated.
longitudinal change in the epigenetic clock estimates and the fitness variables were assessed via linear mixed models and latent growth curves.
epigenetic age acceleration at age @number@ was used as a predictor of longitudinal change in fitness.
epigenome-wide association studies ( ewass ) were conducted on the four fitness measures.
all of the fitness variables declined over time but age acceleration did not correlate with subsequent change over @number@ years.
there were no ewas hits for the fitness traits.
conclusions : markers of physical and mental fitness are associated with the epigenetic clock ( lower abilities associated with age acceleration ) .
however , age acceleration does not associate with decline in these measures , at least over a relatively short follow-up.
several recent lines of evidence are proving an important role for dopamine in the aging process and in the determination of life span.
components of the dopaminergic system may represent good candidates for longevity studies.
the same analyses gave non-significant results in females.
several studies already reported significant sex differences in dopamine metabolism and its related biological pathways.
thus , we can hypothesize that the slc6a3 / dat1 @number@ bp-vntr may affect life expectancy in a sex-specific way.
fibromyalgia is associated with physical disabilities in daily activities.
moreover , patients with fibromyalgia present similar levels of functional capacity and physical condition than elderly people.
the aim of this study was to analyse the evolution of strength and muscle mass in women with fibromyalgia along ageing.
a total sample of @number@ fibromyalgia patients and @number@ healthy control women were included in the study.
standardized field-based fitness tests were used to assess muscle strength ( 30-s chair stand , handgrip strength and arm curl tests ) .
as expected , handgrip strength test showed differences along ageing only in the fibromyalgia group ( p < @number@ ) .
recently , a new class of apc methods based on modern statistical knowledge has emerged , offering potential solutions.
they also present a series of simulation models that purportedly show how the hapc models estimated by reither et al.
( @number@ ) could have produced misleading results.
those are conditions under which apc models should never be used.
( @number@ ) and the results reported by bell and jones.
we also respond to critiques about model identification and theoretically-imposed constraints , finding little pragmatic support for such arguments.
we conclude by encouraging social scientists to move beyond the debates of the 1970s and toward a deeper appreciation for modern apc methodologies.
determination of variant pathogenicity represents a major challenge in the era of high-throughput sequencing.
erroneous categorization may result if variants affect genes that are in fact dispensable.
we demonstrate that this also applies to rare , apparently unambiguous truncating mutations of an established disease gene.
our findings indicate that normal development does not require the c-terminal sh3 domain.
this has far-reaching implications , considering that variants like p.glu984 identified by preconception screening ( 'kingsmore panel' ) do not necessarily indicate jbts carriership.
training requires large and representative data sets of segmented hippocampi.
this work aims to produce a set of harp labels for the proper training and certification of tracers and algorithms.
labels were validated as harp compliant through centralized quality check and correction.
volumes significantly correlated with atrophy severity at scheltens ' scale ( spearman's ρ = < -0.468 , p = < .0005 ) .
five subjects ( @percent@ ) presented with unusual anatomy.
conclusions : this work provides reference hippocampal labels for the training and certification of automated segmentation algorithms.
the publicly released labels will allow the widespread implementation of the standard segmentation protocol.
neuroglobin ( ngb ) is a recently discovered globin with preferential localization to neurons.
in addition , lipid and glycogen content was increased in ngb-overexpressing ht-22 cells.
ampk signaling was also inhibited in the brain and heart from ngb-overexpressing transgenic mice.
moreover , lipid and glycogen content was increased in hearts derived from ngb-overexpressing mice.
these findings suggest that ngb functions as a metabolic regulator and enhances cellular anabolism through the inhibition of ampk signaling.
therefore , reagents that selectively recognize different key morphologies of tau are needed to help define the role of tau in ad and related diseases.
we isolated @number@ different antibody fragments that bind oligomeric but not monomeric or fibrillar tau.
objectives : aging is associated with changes in resting energy expenditure ( ree ) and body composition.
we also examined whether the age-related decline in ree was explained by concomitant changes in body composition and lifestyle factors.
study design : cross-sectional.
main outcome measures : @number@ adult participants ( age range : 18-81 y ; men / women : 977 / 2465 ) were included.
the bmi range was @date@ @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) .
ree was measured by indirect calorimetry in fasting conditions and body composition by bioelectrical impedance.
regression models were used to evaluate age-related changes in ree in subjects stratified by sex and bmi.
models were adjusted for body composition ( fat mass , fat free mass ) , smoking , disease count and physical activity.
conclusions : sex and bmi influenced the rate and degree of the age-related decline in ree.
critical age windows have been identified for the onset of putative mechanisms of energy adaptation.
these findings require confirmation in prospective studies.
due to the cosmetic nature of such formulations , evidence of their clinical efficacy and mechanism of action is often limited.
of particular interest was how retrieval difficulty differed across young and older adults and across manipulations of lag ( exp.
@number@ ) and spacing ( exp.
@number@ ) .
across both experiments , the response latency results were overall consistent with an influence of desirable difficulty on retention.
the discussion focuses on the role of desirable difficulty during encoding in producing the benefits of lag , spacing , and testing.
objectives : to examine the relationship between depression and onset of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) among the us middle-aged and older adults.
a score of ≥3 on the 8-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to define clinically relevant depressive symptoms.
kaplan-meier estimator and cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association between baseline depressive symptoms and future cvd event.
subgroup analyses were conducted by sex and race / ethnicity.
a significant dose-response relationship was present between severity of depressive symptoms and elevated cvd risk.
therefore , it is important to understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this syndrome.
nevertheless , despite intensive effort to access the physiopathological pathways of the disease , it remains poorly understood.
it is important to compare the trajectories of respiratory diseases with those of other chronic diseases.
set in the context of inner-city toronto , canada , this article reports on the findings from qualitative interviews with @number@ formerly homeless older persons.
the qualitative findings also draw attention to the ongoing barriers to healthy aging that can be experienced among older persons with a history of homelessness.
current biochemical methods are not very efficient in identifying and differentiating large-scale prenylations in vivo or in vitro.
in this study , a simple and novel method for detection and distinction of large-scale prenylated peptides using mass spectrometry-cleavable approaches was developed.
the characteristic masses lost from the modified prenylated peptides distinguished the types of prenylation.
we also introduced epoxy groups in the prenylation sites of the proteins to make them more hydrophilic and enrichable from complex samples.
stability of the epoxide group was also studied under liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ( lc-ms ) conditions.
the proof-of-concept of this method was established using prenylated peptides which mimicked the prenyl motifs in the proteins.
in dentin bonding , contemporary dental adhesive systems rely on formation of the hybrid layer , a biocomposite containing dentin collagen and polymerized resin adhesive.
they are usually able to create at least reasonable integrity of the hybrid layer with high immediate bond strength.
however , loss of dentin-bonded interface integrity and bond strength is commonly seen after aging both in vitro and in vivo.
this is due to endogenous collagenolytic enzymes , matrix metalloproteinases , and cysteine cathepsins , responsible for the time-dependent loss of hybrid layer collagen.
in addition , the hydrophilic nature of adhesive systems creates problems that lead to suboptimal hybrid layers.
preservation of the collagen matrix integrity by inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is key to improving dentin bonding durability.
several approaches to retain the integrity of the hybrid layer and to improve the long-term dentin bond strength have been tested.
materials and methods : this is a cross sectional study performed with men between @number@ and @number@ years undergone to check-up.
results : a total of @number@ men with an average age of @number@ years completed the study.
most men were white and asymptomatic.
a total of @number@ men had psa between @number@ and @number@ ng / ml.
from these men @number@ were undergone to prostate biopsy.
the predictive positive value of biopsy was @percent@ ( 32 / 130 ) .
in the same way , @number@ patients had psa > @number@ ng / ml.
from these men , @number@ were undergone to prostate biopsy.
in this group , the predictive positive value of biopsy was @percent@ ( 32 / 100 ) .
conclusions : the psa level of brazilian men undergone to check up was low.
there was a positive correlation with aging , ipss and prostate size.
we find that the resulting fluctuating signal becomes dynamically complex.
when the shortcut and adaptability values increase , the complexity in the system dynamics becomes uncorrelated.
we observed a switch from frontal to temporo-parietal regions as words retrieval become more difficult over time.
endurance training increases peak fat oxidation ( pfo ) during exercise , but whether this is independent of changes in body weight is not known.
pfo and the exercise intensity at which this occurred ( fatmax ) were measured by a submaximal exercise test and calculated by polynomial regression.
in conclusion , endurance training per se increases pfo in moderately overweight men.
each follow-up day was classified by past-year cumulative duration of lithium use ( @number@ 1-60 , 61-300 and 301-365 days ) .
dementia diagnosis was the study outcome.
interventions were personalized and delivered in home for a minimum of @number@ weeks.
postintervention measures indicated the technology was easy to use , significantly facilitated meaningful and positive engagement , and simplified caregivers ' daily lives.
although intervention goals were met , caregivers had high expectations of their loved one's ability to regain independence.
care recipients used the system independently but were limited by cognitive and physical impairments.
we conclude the companion can help manage nps and offer caregiver respite at home.
these data provide important guidance for design and deployment of care technology for the home.
we examined these outcomes in patients managed with renal supportive care without dialysis ( rsc-nfd ) and those planned for or commencing dialysis.
a further @number@ patients commenced dialysis during this period without attending either clinic.
of the predialysis patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) commenced dialysis.
of the nondialysis patients , @percent@ had stable or improved symptoms over @number@ months and @percent@ had stable or improved qol.
utilizing the skills of palliative medicine helps provide reasonable symptom control and qol without dialysis.
background : although stroke is known to result in executive dysfunction , little is known about executive dysfunction as a risk factor for stroke.
in a cross-sectional analysis on csha-1 subjects , any association between stroke history and cognitive function was studied.
and , in a validation study csha-2 stroke-free subjects were followed to csha-3 to see if the prospective analyses findings could be replicated.
in the prospective and validation studies , stroke incidence was affected by neither executive nor memory scores.
conclusion : we found executive dysfunction to be a powerful stroke risk factor among cognitively normal subjects.
testing for executive dysfunction may help identify individuals at risk for stroke in time to prevent them.
in the amci group , higher scores on mmse , verbal and non-verbal memory and visuospatial tests were significantly related to better olfactory identification ability.
conversely , no cognitive measure was significantly related to olfactory performance in namci.
conclusion : olfactory identification is similarly impaired in amci and namci.
olfactory impairment is proportional to cognitive impairment in amci but not in namci.
older adults often show different functional activation patterns than younger adults in prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) when performing cognitive control tasks.
these differences include age-related increases in pfc activation magnitude and reorganized pfc functional connectivity ( fc ) patterns.
results indicated age-related increases both in pfc activation magnitudes and in pfc fc with inferotemporal ( it ) regions.
however , these age-related fmri increases were differentially associated with task performance.
our results suggest that age-related reductions in efficiency and successful compensation can co-exist in older adults in the context of the same task.
objective : examine the association between gait characteristics and walking speed decline in older adults.
usual walking speed was assessed over @number@ m at baseline and follow-up.
conclusion : a sizable proportion of healthy older adults experienced walking speed decline over an average of @number@ years.
longer stride and faster cadence were protective against meaningful decline in usual walking speed.
a total of @number@ women , @number@ with sarcopenia and @number@ without sarcopenia , were enrolled in the present study.
three-day dietary records were taken and adjustments for energy intake made.
the estimated average requirement ( ear ) method was adopted as a cut-off point for estimating the prevalence of inadequate intake.
serum total calcium , phosphorus , creatinine , intact pth , and 25 ( oh ) d were measured.
only @percent@ of the patients met the daily adequate intake for vitamin d and @percent@ met the daily adequate intake for calcium.
in ageing populations many patients have multiple diseases characterised by acceleration of the normal ageing process.
many of these pathways are driven by chronic oxidative stress.
there is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules , such as sirtuins and klotho , which further accelerates the ageing process.
thus , copd should be considered as a component of multimorbidity and common disease pathways , particularly accelerated ageing , should be targeted.
coordination as part of the stabilization process of joints is compromised in older adults.
we addressed changes in neuromuscular control and force output during a ballistic force production task influenced by different environmental dynamics.
electromyographic and dynamometric recordings were made and analyzed using the , assessment of peak emg-activity and peak force.
the ap group showed motor control strategies governed by prolonged trt in both conditions.
force measures showed reduced peak forces in ap accompanied by less loss of force between conditions compared to yp.
inter- and intramuscular coordination strategies differed between yp and ap reflected in changes in ccf and peak emg values.
we conclude that change in environmental dynamics is associated with specific adjustments of control properties of the motor system.
however , due to the nature of the task , our results do not allow a direct transfer to situations involving whole body balance.
aim : we investigated the effect of prebiotics on the immunological response after influenza vaccination in enterally fed elderly individuals.
the intervention group was given an enteral formula containing lactic acid bacteria-fermented milk products.
in addition , two different types of other prebiotics , galacto-oligosaccharide and bifidogenic growth stimulator , were also given.
the two prebiotics improved intestinal microbiota differently.
in a control group , a standard formula without prebiotics was given.
influenza vaccine was inoculated at week @number@
nutritional and biochemical indices , intestinal micro bacteria and immunological indices were analyzed.
although the count in group c decreased at week @number@ the count in group f increased.
conclusion : our findings suggest that prebiotics affect the intestinal microbiota and might maintain the antibody titers in elderly individuals.
methods : a cohort of @number@ hypertensive patients and @number@ normotensive individuals matched for age and gender were enrolled in this study.
blood pressure and age were closely related with aortic arterial stiffness.
compared with normotensive subjects , hypertensive subjects had higher carotid-femoral pwv and aix , and showed significantly lowered pp amplification ratio with age.
central pp was more strongly related to arterial stiffness and vascular damage markers than the other pressure indices.
multivariate analyses revealed that carotid-femoral pwv and aortic aix were strongly influenced by central pp but not by the mean blood pressure or brachial pp.
these findings support the use of central blood pressure as a treatment target in future trials.
introduction : there is a lack of data regarding the appropriateness of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches for right-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
material and methods : our surgery database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent right-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy with a retroperitoneal or transperitoneal approach since @number@
fifty-five patients were enrolled ( @number@ rla and @number@ tla ) .
patient characteristics , as well as operative and perioperative details , were compared between the two groups.
results : there was no difference in patient characteristics between the groups.
conclusions : right-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed safely and effectively via either rla or tla.
surgeons can adopt either approach with confidence depending on their preference if they are familiar with that approach.
background : flupirtine is a nonopioid , central analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties.
flupirtine-mr is an oral modified-release formulation with a @number@ mg fast-input and a @number@ mg portion with slow protracted release.
neither age nor renal function was a predominant factor of pharmacokinetic variability.
single and repeated doses of flupirtine-mr were very well tolerated.
aging is a process of progressive decline in physiological functions resulting in increased vulnerability to diseases and death.
aging results in increased rates of age related disorders like neurodegenerative diseases , cardiovascular diseases , diabetes , cancer , arthritis etc.
modulation of insulin signaling , protein aggregation , stress , free radical damage and inflammation are the major causes for deleterious changes resulting in aging.
many studies are being undertaken to find novel compounds which can improve a typical human life span and aid in healthy aging.
we investigated the potential of one such compound silymarin for its anti-aging effect.
silymarin is a flavanone derivative extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle silybum marianum.
it is widely used for the treatment of liver diseases in clinical practice.
we tested the anti-aging efficacy of silymarin using the caenorhabditis elegans model system.
cl4176 animals treated with silymarin showed delayed paralysis via enhancing resistance to oxidative stress.
these results suggested that silymarin is a potential hormetin for preventing aging and age-related diseases.
barthel score was reassessed at @number@ months.
ten-year mortality data were obtained through the national registry department.
of these , @percent@ sustained falls indoors , while @percent@ of falls occurred between @time@ @time@ .
conclusion : functional ability is significantly reduced at @number@ year after an initial presentation to the ed with a fall.
mortality is increased at @number@ and @number@ years in fallers who experienced indoor falls.
the excess mortality associated with hospital admission and lower disability scores is persistent at @number@ and @number@ years.
the results of the present study are invaluable in prognostication and healthcare decision-making for this group of frail older patients.
the research material consisted of models of @number@ men and @number@ women.
the parameters were measured with an electronic caliper.
repeated measurements of @number@ pairs of randomly selected models were taken to check the reliability of our results.
a significant decrease in intercuspid width , arch depth , and anterior space was observed in both arches of both genders.
the changes were generally greater during the first observation period , and there were no significant gender difference.
at t1 the men's arches were larger than those of the women.
background : little evidence is available on the effects of incident diabetes or diabetes duration on cognitive aging.
inverse probability weighting was used to account for selective attrition and time-varying confounding of incident diabetes.
conclusion : prevalent diabetes predicted lower cognition but not recent onset diabetes.
the concentration of the markers in the sample was based on physiological levels present in healthy adults.
these two markers were concerted in a biocatalytic cascade composed of two parallel subsystems , with each of them following the activity of one marker.
both markers have very distinct denaturation rates which would not allow them to be used in a single marker setup while still providing satisfactory results.
conclusions : working might be protective from a decline in badl only for men , but not for women.
regarding the difference of sex roles in conventional japanese society , working would be an effective solution especially for men to participate in social activities.
telomeres are gene sequences present at chromosomal ends and are responsible for maintaining genome integrity.
telomere length is maximum at birth and decreases progressively with advancing age and thus is considered as a biomarker of chronological aging.
thus , decrease in telomere length was found to be important in determining both , the variations in longevity and age-related diseases in an individual.
here a short description about telomere length variations and its association with human aging and age-related diseases is reviewed.
according to the amyloid hypothesis , amyloid β accumulates in brains with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and triggers cell death and memory deficit.
previously , we developed a rice aβ vaccine expressing aβ , which reduced brain aβ levels in the tg2576 mouse model of familial ad.
we used senescence-accelerated samp8 mice as a model of sporadic ad and investigated the relationship between aβ and oxidative stress.
insoluble aβ and 4-hydroxynonenal ( 4-hne ) levels tended to be reduced in samp8 mice-fed the rice aβ vaccine.
we attempted to clarify the relationship between oxidative stress and aβ in vitro.
addition of aβ peptide to the culture medium resulted in an increase in 4-hne levels in sh-sy5y cells.
these results indicate that aβ induces oxidative stress in cultured cells and in the mouse brain.
despite the absence of such risk factors , a spontaneous reactivation of hbv replication occurred in two elderly patients with resolved or occult hbv infection.
a 73-year-old male underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in @date@ , and was negative for hbsag but positive for anti-hbs.
the entire genomic sequence of hbv recovered from this patient revealed no mutations in the core promoter and precore regions that interfere with hbeag production.
a precore g1896a variant with high quasispecies diversity was recovered from the patient.
melatonin may reduce systemic inflammation through its direct and indirect antioxidative effect ; however , the associations of melatonin secretion with systemic inflammation remain unclear.
univariate models revealed that higher log-transformed ume levels were significantly associated with lower wbc and plt counts ( p = @number@ and @number@ ) .
in conclusion , melatonin secretion was significantly and inversely associated with wbc and plt counts in the general elderly population.
phlorizin is well known to inhibit sodium / glucose cotransporters in the kidney and intestine for the treatment of diabetes , obesity and stress hyperglycaemia.
however , the effects of phlorizin against ultraviolet b ( uvb ) irradiation and its molecular mechanism are still unknown.
we observed that phlorizin pretreatments inhibited hacat cell apoptosis and overproduction of ros induced by uvb.
the activation of p38 and jnk mitogen-activated protein kinases ( mapk ) after uvb irradiation was also inhibited by phlorizin.
it seemed that p38 and jnk mapk signal pathways are involved in the regulation of the protective function of phlorizin.
the survival of breast cancer patients is largely influenced by tumor characteristics , such as tnm stage , tumor grade and hormone receptor status.
however , there is growing evidence that inherited genetic variation might affect the disease prognosis and response to treatment.
several lines of evidence suggest that alleles influencing breast cancer risk might also be associated with breast cancer survival.
in silico , the c allele of lsp1-rs3817198 was predicted to increase expression of the tumor suppressor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1c ( cdkn1c ) .
post-mortem tissue analysis indicates bbb damage in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the timing of bbb breakdown remains , however , elusive.
video abstract : a leaky blood-brain barrier has long been implicated in cognitive dysfunction in aging and neurodegeneration , but reliable human data were lacking.
here , montagne et al.
( @number@ ) provide the first in vivo evidence of blood-brain barrier disruption in the aging hippocampus and in minimal cognitive impairment.
hierarchical logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of breast cancer screening participation.
findings indicate that satisfaction with aging and constraints were associated with a reduced likelihood of participating in breast cancer screening.
these findings suggest the continued importance to assess older women's attitudes when discussing preventive services.
aging is explored by multiple lines of research , in a pursuit of understanding this natural process.
the motor response is usually the main dependent variable in studies regarding physical or cognitive decline in aging.
it is therefore critical to understand how the motor function changes with age.
the changes that the skeletal muscle undergoes aging sarcopenia , alteration of fiber type distribution and also intimate metabolic transformations.
the neuromuscular junction suffers at cellular and molecular level , with possible implications of various cell components , mediators and oxidative stress.
motoneuron loss and change in their physiological properties accompany remodeling in the motor units.
the applicability of knowledge in this field lies in possible interventions intended to counteract these age-related losses.
background : understanding optimum function in patients with hf can help advanced practice nurses ( apns ) identify clinical signs of deterioration.
interpreting patient descriptions of signs and symptoms may be the first cues prior to diagnosis.
data source : literature searches included electronic scientific databases and a manual search.
literature from @number@ to @number@ was reviewed.
themes were searched for function.
the text was limited to english language peer-reviewed articles , resulting in @number@ articles and @number@ books in the analysis.
conclusion : a definition of optimum function was developed from a synthesis of the literature's common themes.
defining optimum function in patients with hf provides clarity of patient communication to and between apns.
the concept promotes patient-centered care , enabling goal adjustment by the patient and apn.
the concept analysis facilitates a deeper understanding of communication during the patient encounter.
to avoid over fitting , the training is based on the leave-one-out principle.
sugihara causality between the channels is described by a quality score based on comparison between the reconstructed signal and the original signal.
the quality scores are studied for their potential as biomarkers to distinguish between the different cognitive groups.
first , the dimension of the quality scores is reduced to two principal components.
then , a three-way classification based on the principal components is conducted.
this work presents a novel application of sugihara causality analysis to capture characteristic changes in eeg activity due to cognitive deficits.
the developed method has excellent potential as individualized biomarkers in the detection of pathophysiological changes in early-stage ad.
hippocampal volume was determined using previously established segmentation protocols.
saliva samples for cortisol assessment were collected at @number@ @number@ and @number@ min after awakening.
however , even when controlling for overall brain size , male patients showed smaller hv compared to female patients.
the car was significantly lower in male patients compared to male controls and female patients.
however the relationship between aβ burden and basal forebrain degeneration has not been extensively studied.
the basal forebrain volumes of ad and amci subjects were significantly reduced compared to those of control subjects.
therefore this study provides new evidence for a correlation between neocortical aβ accumulation and basal forebrain degeneration.
this report compares the effect of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles upon human neutrophils in the presence of cationic surfactants.
nanostructured lipid carriers and poly ( lactic-co-glycolic ) acid nanoparticles were manufactured as lipid and polymeric systems , respectively.
the nanoparticles showed a size of 170-225 nm.
incorporation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate , the cationic surfactant , converted zeta potential from a negative to a positive charge.
nanoparticles without cationic surfactants revealed a negligible change on immune and inflammatory responses.
cationic surfactants in both nanoparticulate and free forms induced cell death and the release of mediators.
lipid nanoparticles generally demonstrated a greater response compared to polymeric nanoparticles.
the neutrophil morphology observed by electron microscopy confirmed this trend.
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the coating material showed more significant activation of neutrophils than soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate.
confocal microscope imaging displayed a limited internalization of nanoparticles into neutrophils.
it is proposed that cationic nanoparticles interact with the cell membrane , triggering membrane disruption and the following ca ( 2 + ) influx.
the elevation of intracellular ca ( 2 + ) induces degranulation and oxidative stress.
the consequence of these effects is cytotoxicity and cell death.
caution should be taken when selecting feasible nanoparticulate formulations and cationic additives for consideration of applicability and toxicity.
materials and methods : a multisite cross-sectional study was carried out across four memory care practices in the greater indianapolis area.
blood samples and self-reported medication data were collected.
results : among the @number@ subjects enrolled , @percent@ were female and @percent@ were african american.
subjects had a mean age of @number@ years.
the population used a mean of eight medications per day ( prescription and nonprescription ) .
pharmacogenetic and drug-interaction data may help personalize ad therapy and increase adherence by improving tolerability.
we present three cases of green nails in elderly persons.
in the developed world , age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness in the elderly.
therefore , rpe replacement and microenvironmental regulation represent viable treatments for dry amd.
more importantly , clinical trials approved by the us government have shown promising prospects in rpe transplantation.
however , key issues such as implantation techniques , immune rejection , and xeno-free techniques are still needed to be further investigated.
this review will summarize recent advances in cell transplantation for dry amd.
the obstacles and prospects in this field will also be discussed.
method : cross-sectional analytical study with @number@ elderly women from a local community in the federal district , brazil.
pbf and fat-free mass ( ffm ) were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
the investigated inflammatory parameters were interleukin @number@ and c-reactive protein.
results : twenty-five percent of the elderly women were classified as normal weight , @percent@ overweight , and @percent@ obese by the bmi.
according to the pbf , @percent@ of the elderly women were classified as eutrophic , @percent@ overweight , and @percent@ obese.
conclusion : accurate identification of obesity , systemic inflammation , and atherogenic lipid profile is key to assessing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
introduction : physical rehabilitation is commonly used in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) to improve their health and alleviate the symptoms.
subjects participated in their respective interventions twice a week for @number@ weeks.
furthermore , the functional capacity of all three groups improved after the intervention.
conclusion : st and at in patients with pd are associated with improved outcomes in disease symptoms and functional capacity.
subjects with pd were grouped according to treatment ( dental prophylaxis , intensive treatment , and pd without treatment ) .
the irs of ami during the 10-year follow-up period were compared among groups.
results : the ir of ami among subjects without pd was @number@.19% / year.
conclusion : pd is associated with a higher risk of ami , which can be reduced by dental prophylaxis to maintain periodontal health.
optimal management of bc in the elderly is a real challenge and requires a multidisciplinary approach , mainly because the elderly population is heterogeneous.
in this review , we describe the various possibilities of treatment for localized or metastatic bc in an aging population.
finally , we attempt to put into perspective the necessary balance between the expected benefits and risks , especially in the adjuvant setting.
purpose : in recent years there has been a growing interest in nonsurgical procedures for facial rejuvenation.
hyaluronic acid is currently the most widely used dermal filler for the treatment of facial wrinkles.
however , new products with interesting features are being introduced into the market.
cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose is one of these and represents a new alternative for the correction of wrinkles and facial defects.
results : the study revealed effective and durable correction of nasolabial wrinkles for periods of 9-12 months.
conclusion : cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to the resorbable products currently on the market.
importance : with increasing age , the immune system undergoes drastic changes , and older individuals have declined resistance to infections.
vaccinations become less effective , and infection with influenza a virus in older individuals is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
here , we questioned whether t cell responses directed against the highly conserved hla-a2-restricted m158-66 peptide of iav evolves with increasing age.
detailed analyses of the va and vb tcr repertoires simultaneously showed a direct correlation between increasing age and narrowing of the tcr repertoire.
features of the tcrs indicated potentially enhanced cross-reactivity in all older donors.
in summary , t cell repertoire analysis in older individuals may be useful as one of the predictors of protection after vaccination.
thus , careful analyses of phenotypic features and transmission properties in atypical cases may be useful to distinguish acquired from sporadic cases of cjd.
objective : we sought to develop and validate a risk index for prospective cognitive decline in older adults based on blood-derived markers.
the outcome was person-specific cognitive slopes ( modified mini-mental state examination ) from @number@ years of follow-up.
a total of @number@ older adults comprised the development sample.
amyloid was measured on a subsample ( n = @number@ ) and was included only in a secondary index.
conclusions : a risk index based on @number@ blood-based markers was modestly able to predict cognitive decline over an 11-year follow-up.
further validation in other cohorts is necessary.
musicianship in early life is associated with pervasive changes in brain function and enhanced speech-language skills.
older musicians also showed a closer correspondence between neural activity and perceptual performance.
this suggests that musicianship strengthens brain-behavior coupling in the aging auditory system.
methods : the national hospital discharge database was analyzed in order to analyze hospitalizations related to cancer care in ≥75 years patients for year @number@
their respective share varied according to care.
total activity volume and number of health care facilities involved were highly variable in the different regions.
conclusion : these data would permit development of a national oncogeriatric policy through the action of regional oncogeriatric coordination units.
these units should prioritize training actions and good practice guidelines dissemination in health care institutions with a high activity volume in this domain.
purpose : as a cyclin-independent atypical cdk , the role of cdk5 in regulating cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unknown.
the subcellular translocation of cdk5 was monitored during gastric cancer cell proliferation.
the role of nuclear cdk5 in gastric cancer tumorigenic proliferation and ex vivo xenografts was explored.
treatment with the small molecule ns-0011 , which increases cdk5 accumulation in the nucleus , suppressed both cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumorigenesis.
we also compared the mcw of children with different types of oi regarding the number of pamidronate cycles and age at the beginning of treatment.
the control group had @number@ dprs from normal bmd children.
children with oi presented lower mean mcw values than did children with normal bmd at the beginning of treatment ( p < @number@ ) .
a linear model estimated the number of pamidronate cycles necessary to achieve mean mcw values equivalent to those of healthy children.
dprs could thus provide a way to identify cyclic pamidronate treatment outcomes in patients with oi.
findings are integrated to explain similarities and differences in older residents ' lived experience of rural and urban settings with regard to age-friendly foci.
with the growth of aging society , china has become the country of population with the highest incidence of diabetes in the world.
the refractory diabetic wound is the result of various endogenous and exogenous factors.
it is a quite complicated pathophysiologic event which lacks an effective and specific therapeutic method in clinic.
this article reviews basic theory of treating diabetic wound and the changes in microenvironment , and prompts many successful cases in curing refractory diabetic wounds.
patient satisfaction is an important factor for successful therapy.
many consensus reports have been published regarding correct treatment with botulinum toxin a ( btx-a ) .
the swiss group of esthetic dermatology and skincare ( sgeds ) pursued these questions in a two-day consensus meeting.
patients of aesthetic dermatology are healthy and therefore place higher demands in contrast to ill patients of medical dermatology.
this publication aims at finding ways to gain greater patient satisfaction in daily practice.
mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid ( afmscs ) are multipotent cells of great interest for regenerative medicine.
they did not show any significant differences in osteogenic , adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation.
twenty-five and eighteen protein spots were differentially expressed in hc1 and hc2 classes , respectively.
of these , @number@ from hc1 and @number@ from hc2 were identified by mass spectrometry.
this may be valuable information with a view to the therapeutic use of afmscs.
use of dual health systems has been associated with worse outcomes.
veterans with hiv may have different rates of medicare and medicaid enrollment and may be at greater risk of poor outcomes related to non-va use.
hiv infection was associated with lower odds of outside hospitalization ( or = @number@ [ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ] ) .
conclusions : veterans with hiv have higher rates of medicare and / or medicaid enrollment , but lower odds of non-va hospitalization.
the va integrated model of hiv care may discourage outside use among hiv-infected veterans.
this study was conducted using a questionnaire survey with one-to-one interviews during january and @date@ .
participants were @number@ elderly patients with cad.
data were analyzed using item analysis , factor analysis , criterion related validity , and internal consistency.
the scale had significantly positive correlation with the korean perceived stress scale ( kpss ) .
cronbach's alpha was @number@ and guttman split half coefficient was @number@
the outcome prevalence was calculated according sociodemographic , behavioral and health related variables.
crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using poisson regression.
the toxicity of carbon nanotubes ( cnts ) has received significant attention due to their usage in a wide range of commercial applications.
the transformation of cnts in the atmosphere , resulting in their functionalization , may significantly alter their toxicity.
the results indicate that the oxidation favors carboxylic acid functionalization , but significantly less than other studies performed under nonatmospheric conditions.
these results suggest that the effect of gas-particle partitioning of organics in the atmosphere on the toxicity of swcnts should be investigated further.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) dermal fillers are effective and safe for correction of facial rhytides.
four articles on the biological properties of this new @number@ mg / ml ha dermal filler were suitable for inclusion in this review.
we hope future research incorporates biological properties analysis of this ha dermal filler in clinical trials.
clinical evaluations for efficacy and tolerability , as well as standardized digital photographs were conducted at baseline and at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@
there were no significant differences in efficacy between ret and tret in these efficacy parameters.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers are widely used for restoring facial volume.
objective : a 24-week study evaluated clinical efficacy with ha.
revanesse® ultra ( prollenium ) , a ha dermal filler , was used.
subject satisfaction and comfort was evaluated using self-administered questionnaires at day @number@ and at week @number@
at screening they had a moderate ( mean @number@ sd ± @number@ ) wsrs score.
at week @number@ a market facial volume restoration was shown and no adverse events were reported.
all patients reported to be satisfied with the obtained results.
conclusion : good - excellent volume enhancement was noted almost immediately after the ha injections , improving patient reported quality of life aspects.
ha treatment was shown to be safe.
background : hyperpigmentation is a common concern and has many causes including lentigines and melasma.
currently available topical products for hyperpigmentation are limited by their potential for irritation , lack of demonstrated efficacy or regulatory concerns.
secondary objectives included an assessment of the product's effects on the appearance of rhytides and roughness.
seventy-four subjects completed all study visits.
blinded assessments of subjects were performed at each visit under ambient and wood's light.
tretinoin also improved facial hyperpigmentation versus placebo under wood's lamp ( p = @number@ ) .
the proprietary product was better tolerated than tretinoin , with fewer subject reported side effects.
conclusion : the investigational product was effective and may be better tolerated than tretinoin cream.
previous studies have shown that balance training is effective in improving physical function and decreasing risk of falls.
however , little attention has been given specifically to balance training in older adults with very poor balance.
after @number@ weeks of balance exercises , mean mxecomp improved ( p < @number@ ) from @percent@ to @percent@ in the exercise group.
these results indicated that balance training allows older adults with poor balance to improve dynamic balance ability and potentially reduce risk for falls.
introduction : radiofrequency has remained a staple procedure for the treatment of skin laxity as therapeutic heat thresholds effectively promote collagen remodeling.
nevertheless , comprehensive skin tightening involves both dermal and hypodermal collagen remodeling.
however , transcutaneous radiofrequency is unable to deliver consistent and measurable temperatures to the hypodermal layers.
methods : a retrospective analysis of @number@ patients was completed on patients having undergone thermitight for submental skin tightening.
treated sites included under-chin and under-chin and jowls.
the thermitight probe temperature was set between @number@ to @number@ °c and was maintained using the thermistor integrated electrode.
the probe was guided at a deliberate pace , treating a surface area of @number@ cm2 every two minutes.
the clinical endpoint was an epidermal temperature of @number@ °c. two blinded reviewers assessed photographs taken at baseline and @number@ days post-procedure.
they were randomly presented with a photograph and asked to rate the photograph using a @number@ skin laxity scale.
each blinded reviewer correctly categorized photographs as either being \ "baseline \ " or \ "post-procedure \ " @percent@ of the time.
no adverse events were reported.
discussion : these data demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the thermitight procedure for the treatment of skin laxity.
resveratrol is an effective anti-aging molecule with diverse biologic activity.
it functions as a dual antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals and increase intrinsic antioxidant capacity.
additionally resveratrol increases mitochondrial biogenesis and has anti-inflammatory , anti-diabetic , and anti-cancer activity.
ultrasound measurements in the periorbital area showed an average improvement of @percent@ in dermal thickness suggesting significant dermal remodeling.
these studies confirm that topical resveratrol , baicalin , and vitamin e are valuable ingredient that can be used for skin rejuvenation.
using @number@ national data , we investigate the relationship between social integration and health insurance for african american adults.
during the previous year @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women lacked continuous health insurance.
the effect of marital status , income , and employment on insurance coverage differed by age and gender.
additionally , frequency of church attendance was positively associated with continuous health insurance for women aged 51-64.
spiritual / religious identity was marginally associated with insurance status for men aged 36-50.
as provisions of the affordable care act take effect , implementation programs should expand enrollment efforts to include the conjugal unit and the church.
participants were provided with the tested device together with a user manual and treatment diary , to perform independent treatments at home for @number@ weeks.
independent control of rf polarity through each one of the @number@ electrodes allows significant reduction of energy flow through the epidermis with increased dermal penetration.
participants were instructed to perform at least @number@ treatments a week , for one month.
analysis of pre-and post treatment images was conducted by three uninvolved physicians experienced with the fitzpatrick wrinkle and elastosis scale.
participants were asked a series of questions designed to explore usability concerns and level of satisfaction regarding the device use and subjective efficacy.
results : altogether , @number@ subjects completed the study course and follow-up visits.
no unexpected adverse effects were detected or reported throughout the independent treatment.
all study participants did not experience any difficulties while operating the tested device for independent wrinkle reduction treatments.
results were found to be statistically significant.
the majority of study participants were very satisfied from the results of the independent treatment using the tested device for wrinkle reduction.
as the aging population in our society continues to grow , new technologies and procedures promising a more youthful appearance are continuously sought.
the utilization of radiofrequency technology remains a novel method for the treatment of many aesthetic and medical dermatological indications.
non-invasive treatments are ideal for busy patients seeking minimal recovery time and so called lunch-time procedures.
furthermore , new developments in treatment devices enhance efficacy while decreasing patient discomfort.
background and objectives : non-ablative fractional lasers cause little down-time , however , some patients want more noticeable results with fewer treatments.
the @number@ nm wavelength matches one of the water absorption peaks in the mid infrared band of electromagnetic energy.
the objective of this study was to characterize clinical efficacy using this technology to treat photodamaged skin in human subjects.
the fractional @number@ nm laser was comprised of a thulium rod pumped by a pulsed alexandrite laser.
contact skin cooling ( 5-20degc ) was provided via a sapphire window at the distal end of handpiece.
pulses from the dot handpieces were applied with @percent@ overlap.
the microspot size for the dot handpieces was ~ @number@.2-0.3 mm.
the two grid pattern handpieces included @number@ mm wide lines with @percent@ and @number@ mm wide lines with @percent@ coverage.
each subject received @number@ full-face treatments 4-6 weeks apart.
anesthesia was achieved by @percent@ lidocaine cream and a cold air chiller.
typical treatments were carried out with two passes.
photographs of each patient from prior to treatment , and @number@ months after treatment were analyzed by @number@ blinded physician raters.
a paired t-test was applied for each category comparing the pre treatment and 3-month post treatment results.
reductions in pigmentation , rhytides , and elastosis were statistically significant ( p≤ @number@ ) .
clinical downtime was 3-5 days.
pain was variable ( mean of @number@ @date@ ) and side effects included two cases of mild focal vesiculation.
no long-term side effects were noted.
histological analysis showed focal damage that extended about @number@ μm deep to the surface.
conclusion : the 1940nm thulium laser is safe , well tolerated , and results in reduced downtime compared to traditional resurfacing.
the study demonstrated that the @number@ nm thulium laser could achieve injury patterns capable of skin rejuvenation.
moreover , overexpression of sirt6 rescues the decline of ber in aged fibroblasts.
the aim of this article is to describe and understand the experience of aesthetic body changes in women between @number@ and @number@ years old.
to approach the issue , @number@ in-depth interviews were conducted in marseille in @number@
background : vitamin c is commonly used to treat aged skin.
we report findings about job placement and starting wages for hourly workers hired at a women's apparel retailer from @date@ to @date@ .
we examine competing hypotheses regarding the role of age in explaining women's job placement and starting wages.
overall , wage differences are largely explained by job quality.
corpora amylacea ( ca ) are glycoprotein-based depositions that accumulate in the normal aging brain or consecutively to different neuro-degenerative diseases.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate the three-dimensional morphology of these bodies in the brain in normal aging.
three-dimensional renderings have been obtained after aligning the serial sections , while high-resolution z-stacks have resulted after deconvolution on the thick sections.
there was a direct correlation between the diameter of the vessels and the number of associated cas.
the highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences.
we identify five novel genetic variants influencing the volumes of the putamen and caudate nucleus.
we also find stronger evidence for three loci with previously established influences on hippocampal volume and intracranial volume.
these variants show specific volumetric effects on brain structures rather than global effects across structures.
variants influencing putamen volume clustered near developmental genes that regulate apoptosis , axon guidance and vesicle transport.
context : as of @number@ @number@ million people worldwide were older than @number@ y , accounting for @percent@ of the population.
that number is expected to rise to @number@ billion by @number@ or to @percent@ of the overall population.
as a result , a growing need exists to understand the factors that promote mental and physical health in older populations.
that program was modified with examples and exercises targeted to an older population and evaluated in the current single-arm pilot study.
setting : the program took place at the massachusetts general hospital ( mgh ) .
participants : the 9-wk healthy aging mbi was developed for participants aged @number@ y and older.
fifty-one older adults from the surrounding community participated in the study's groups.
intervention : a new intervention group began the program every @number@ mo , with a maximum of @number@ individuals per group.
for each group , the mbi consisted of weekly 90-min sessions for @number@ consecutive wk , directed by a psychologist.
outcome measures : the research team chose to focus on @number@ psychological variables of interest for aging populations : morale and self-efficacy.
results : data from @number@ intervention groups were combined for the current analysis.
forty-six participants enrolled and completed questionnaires.
of those participants , @number@ attended at least @number@ of the @number@ sessions.
significant increases in self-efficacy and morale were observed for program completers.
further research is warranted to determine its effects on other psychosocial outcomes and health care utilization in aging populations.
our aim was to investigate how hf affects the functional properties of bm-mmsc.
the effect of culturing conditions on efficiency of bm-mmsc expansion was determined.
introduction : adaptive responses to exercise training ( et ) are crucial in maintaining physiologic homeostasis and health span.
methods : during the pubmed search , we selected studies that examined and compared et effects with and without administration of commonly used ao supplements.
relevant clinical studies have been few and have used inconsistent results and methodology ( types of compounds , combinations , and supplementation time ) .
after some decades of struggle , geriatrics and gerontology have become the legitimate sciences of aging.
today , their status is being questioned.
in its short history , anti-aging medicine has taken root as a medical practice that questions how to address biological aging.
in so doing , all medicine is questioned.
here , we explore in particular how this controversy is structured around the founding principles of the sciences of aging.
is there any basis for these questionings ?
how have they been treated by those who have received them ?
dual system theories suggest that behavioral control is parsed between a deliberative \ "model-based \ " and a more reflexive \ "model-free \ " system.
a balance of control exerted by these systems is thought to be related to dopamine neurotransmission.
thus , interindividual variability in ventral striatal presynaptic dopamine reflects a balance in the behavioral expression and the neural signatures of model-free and model-based control.
the cause for the accumulation and retention of molecules in the sub-rpe space , however , remains an enigma.
these spherules are distinct in form , placement , and staining from the well-known calcification of the elastin layer of the aging bruch's membrane.
secondary ion mass spectrometry ( sims ) imaging confirmed the presence of calcium phosphate in the spherules and identified cholesterol enrichment in their core.
hap spherules were also found outside the sub-rpe deposits , ready to bind proteins at the rpe / choroid interface.
the results did not vary for men and women or by self-employment status.
conclusions : job strain expressed mainly as low job control is linked to poorer episodic memory at retirement and more decline after retirement.
job characteristics appear to have implications for cognitive ageing independent of relevant confounds.
background and objectives : elevations in n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin t are associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes.
whether elevations in these cardiac biomarkers are associated with decline in kidney function was evaluated.
conclusions : elevated n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide and troponin t are associated with rapid decline of kidney function and incident ckd.
additional studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms that may explain this association.
objectives : recent studies have reported that hospitals have become a common place of death for nursing home residents.
design : a cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted in @number@
setting and participants : coordinating physicians in @number@ nursing homes in france.
measurements : a regression model was used to construct risk-adjusted rates of in-hospital deaths considering the facilities ' characteristics.
at the regional level , the outcome was defined as the difference between the observed rate of in-hospital deaths and the expected risk-adjusted rate.
results : among @number@ nursing home decedents , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) died in hospitals.
the characteristics of the facilities had a significant influence on the proportion of in-hospital deaths among the nursing home decedents.
objective : autophagy is a key pathway of cellular homeostasis for removing damaged macromolecules and organelles , including mitochondria.
recent studies indicate that activation of autophagy is defective in aging and osteoarthritis ( oa ) , contributing to cell death and tissue damage.
in addition , there is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in oa pathogenesis.
the objective of this study was to determine whether activation of autophagy protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes.
small interfering autophagy-related @number@ was used to evaluate the role of autophagy in mitochondrial dysfunction.
results : mitochondrial dysfunction was induced by treatment with oligomycin , which significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential ( δψm ) .
this was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and cell death.
autophagy activation , as reflected by lc3-ii , was decreased in a time-dependent manner.
to evaluate whether autophagy regulates mitochondrial function , chondrocytes were pretreated with rapamycin and torin @number@ before oligomycin.
autophagy activation significantly protected against mitochondrial dysfunction.
conversely , genetic inhibition of autophagy induced significant mitochondrial function defects.
conclusion : our data highlight the role of autophagy as a critical protective mechanism against mitochondrial dysfunction.
pharmacologic interventions that enhance autophagy may have chondroprotective activity in cartilage degenerative processes such as oa.
cerebral microinfarcts ( cmis ) are common neuropathologic findings in aging and dementia.
we explored the spectrum of cortical cmis that can be visualized with @number@ t magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
thirty-three coronal brain slices of @number@ individuals with neuropathologically confirmed dementia were subjected to a high-resolution postmortem @number@ t mri protocol.
first , we identified all visible small ( ⩽ @number@ mm ) intracortical and juxtacortical lesions on postmortem mri.
lesions were classified as cmi or noncmi based on histology , and their mr features were recorded.
thirty lesions were identified on the initial mri evaluation , of which twenty-three could be matched with histology.
histopathology classified @number@ lesions as cmis , all of which were located intracortically.
eleven mri identified lesions were not of ischemic nature and most commonly enlarged or atypically shaped perivascular spaces.
their mri features were similar to gliotic cmis with or without cavitation , but these ' cmi mimics ' were always located juxtacortically.
@number@ t postmortem mri distinguishes different histopathologic types of cortical cmis , with distinctive mr characteristics.
on the basis of our findings , we propose in vivo rating criteria for the detection of intracortical cmis.
findings : our findings revealed that our chosen approach was well accepted by the stakeholders.
for this , extra focus needs to be given to improving service and manpower development both during and after formal training.
finally , collaborative efforts with international medical institutions are recommended.
background : adequate and sufficient data on pain in nursing home residents is still lacking in austria.
this study intends to gather and increase available data on pain and pain assessment as well as identify potential improvement possibilities.
study participants and methods : using a cross-sectional design , @number@ residents from @number@ austrian nursing homes were recruited.
the selected homes were selected as a cluster sample from @number@ homes operated by one carrier.
pain assessment of cognitively intact as well as cognitively impaired residents was conducted using questionnaires , observation , and medical record examination.
results : pain prevalence was dependent on type of resident and ranged between @number@ and @number@ %.
sensitivity of the proxy assessment instruments varied between @number@ and @number@ %.
overall , @number@ % of residents with daily recurring pain have been pain sufferers for at least one year.
between @number@ and @number@ % do not disclose their pain or consider their pain as being a part of aging.
conclusion : our data on pain indicate a definite need for action.
accurately detecting pain requires reliable and resident-adapted means of assessment.
varying prevalence , specificity , and sensitivity numbers indicate the need for further research.
it outlines the aims of modern cataract surgery and discusses the main surgical approaches.
the concentration and activity of cxcl8 , cxcl1 , mmps , and activin a were measured using elisas and specific assays.
neutrophil chemotactic activity was evaluated using migration assays.
results : cyclic stretch significantly induced esc secretion of cxcl8 and cxcl1 and neutrophil chemotaxis.
stretch also increased mmp-1 , mmp-2 , and mmp-3 activity , activin a secretion , and activity in esc.
monitoring the element concentrations in the human body is of critical importance for health and longevity.
the concentrations of cr , fe , mn , and co were significantly increased in the lr group ( p < @number@ ) .
the values of fold change of cr , fe , mn , and co were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
these characteristic elements could provide an important material guarantee for health and longevity of elderly people in the lr.
background & aims : insulin resistance of protein metabolism occurs in obesity and type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) .
hyperaminoacidemia during a simulated fed steady-state clamp compensates for this resistance.
we tested whether decreasing protein intake affects the response to insulin with or without added amino acids , and if this response differs by sex.
results : initial negative nitrogen balance approached equilibrium by day @number@ but remained lower than with the @percent@ protein diet.
there were no sex differences in clamp responses with @percent@ protein.
purpose : this study examined subfoveal choroidal thickness ( sfct ) in eyes with cataracts.
enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography was applied for measurement of sfct.
using lens photographs , we graded cataracts by the age-related eye disease study system.
results : assessments of sfct and cataract were available for @number@ subjects.
conversely , the degree of nuclear cataract ( p = @number@ ) was not significantly associated with sfct after adjusting for age and sex.
bp was measured 6×.
the first bp reading was discarded , and the average of the remaining @number@ to @number@ bp readings was taken for analysis.
hypertension prevalence was @percent@ in @number@ to @number@ and @percent@ in @number@ to @number@
overall , bp control among all hypertensives increased from @percent@ to @percent@.
the aim of this study was to determine the course of thyroid function over @number@ years in a population with normal thyroid function.
similar results were found for ft4.
conclusion : in a population free of clinical thyroid disease , tsh and ft4 values rise over the years.
this increase occurs in all age groups , but depends mainly on the basal concentrations of tsh and ft4.
a common feature of these conditions is that they are generally associated with accelerated aging.
the mechanism behind these comorbidities is chronic excessive inflammation induced by hiv infection , which persists under antiretroviral therapy.
additionally , experimental conditions can be properly controlled during a shorter course of disease for siv infection.
methods : the clinical features , auxiliary examinations and diagnosis of a case with dlbcl were reported and the related literatures were reviewed.
results : a @number@ year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain on the left side for @number@ month.
the main symptoms of the patient were left side chest pain , with occasional cough.
chest ct scan showed left pleural effusion and pleural thickening.
thoracoscopy was performed and revealed multiple sizes of nodules on the visceral and parietal pleura.
pathology study confirmed the diagnosis of dlbcl.
the patient was treated with chop regimen @number@ times.
so far , there was no local recurrence.
a total of @number@ literatures were retrieved from wanfang data , cnki and pubmed , and they were all case reports.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients , aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
the main symptoms were chest pain and fever.
conclusions : primary pleural dlbcl is a rare disease.
it is easily to be misdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical and imaging manifestations.
the final diagnosis depends ultimately on pathological biopsy , and thoracoscopy is the most effective method to confirm dlbcl.
visual acuity was assessed and the condition of the lens and posterior pole examined by direct ophthalmoscopy.
cataract surgical coverage was calculated.
its quality , as well as the causes of visual acuity < 20 / 60 and the barriers to accessing surgical treatment were assessed.
results : a total of @number@ @number@ people were examined.
blindness prevalence was @percent@ ( confidence interval of 95% : @number@.5-2.5% ) .
the main causes of blindness were cataract ( @percent@ ) , glaucoma ( @percent@ ) and age-related macular degeneration ( @percent@ ) .
uncorrected refraction errors were the principal cause of moderate visual impairment ( @percent@ ) .
cataract surgical coverage was @percent@.
@percent@ of the eyes operated for cataracts achieved a visual acuity ≥ 20 / 60 with available correction.
the main barriers to cataract surgery were the high cost ( @percent@ ) and people being unaware that treatment was possible ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in peru is similar to that of other latin american countries.
background : a prospective study directed to musculoskeletal health in the manufacturing workforce.
results : changing economic conditions introduced barriers requiring recruiting a larger number of study sites.
study adherence was unexpectedly high.
coincident with their economic concerns , participants perceived an increase in workplace stress , but not physical demand.
new instruments were added to assess economic effects on retirement planning and the physical and emotional costs of caregiving responsibilities.
nevertheless , study size expectations were met through an adaptive approach that suggests a potential effect of the economy on health and well-being.
clinical and instrumental parameters were assessed at days @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
subject perception of the efficacy , tolerance and cosmeticity of the tested products were assessed at days @number@ @number@ and @number@
both products improved considerably wrinkles , mottled pigmentation , pores , and global photodamage.
no statistically significant differences were noted between retinol @number@.2% / lr2412 @percent@ cream and tretinoin @percent@ cream.
adverse effects were mostly graded mild.
overall , retinol @number@.2% / lr2412 @percent@ cream was better tolerated than tretinoin @percent@ cream.
at all visits , subject perception of the association of retinol @number@.2% / lr2412 @percent@ was either comparable to or better than tretinoin @percent@ cream.
conclusion : the treatment outcome of retinol @number@.2% / lr2412 @percent@ cream does not differ from the one of tretinoin @percent@ cream.
clinical results were not statistically different.
furthermore , retinol @number@.2% / lr2412 @percent@ cream is better tolerated and better perceived by women used to rejuvenation procedures.
endothelial cell inflammation and circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity were associated with exercise performance and microcirculation of the ischemic calf musculature during exercise.
methods : the analysis included @number@ pd cases and @number@ controls , all non-hispanic whites.
head injury was retrospectively asked , and genotyping was performed mainly as part of a previous gwas.
results : we found a positive association between head injury and pd risk.
we further found that the higher risk was largely attributed to head injuries before age @number@
no interaction was found with gwas tag snps at or near the mapt , snca , lrrk2 , and hla loci.
conclusion : our study suggests that head injury early in life may be an important risk factor for pd.
the potential interaction with rbms3 needs confirmation.
background : negative attitudes adversely impact on patient care and outcomes.
given the aging population in australia , it is inevitable that paramedic attendance to this demographic of patients will also rise.
it is therefore imperative that undergraduate paramedic attitudes towards elderly patients are investigated , along with pedagogical approaches to maintain or enhance them.
results : students showed improved attitudes toward the elderly across two of the three asd dimensions.
conclusion : students were presented with an opportunity to actively engage with independently living elderly patients.
the respondents completed measures of human values , drinking frequency and typical drinking quantity.
females ( @percent@ ) were more likely to report abstinence than males ( @percent@ ) .
males also reported a higher consumption level.
people aged 40-60 years were less likely to abstain from alcohol ( @percent@ ) than individuals aged @number@ years and above ( @percent@ ) .
unmarried individuals were more likely to report abstinence , but also reported somewhat higher consumption than married individuals.
achivement and hedonism values were associated with more alcohol consumption , whereas universialism , tradition , and conformity were related to lower alcohol consumption.
according to prominent theories of aging , the brain may reorganize to compensate for neural deterioration and prevent or offset cognitive decline.
a frequent and striking finding in functional imaging studies is that older adults recruit additional regions relative to young adults performing the same task.
we reevaluate current evidence for compensatory functional reorganization in the light of recent moves to address these challenges.
this study examines the complex role of family networks in shaping adult psychological well-being over time.
a sample of @number@ adults ( @percent@ white ; @percent@ black ) was drawn from the longitudinal social relations , age , and health study.
structural equation modeling indicated that among young and middle-aged adults , increasing family negativity was associated with increases in depressive symptoms over time.
these findings were moderated by family negativity.
noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) have become the major contributors to death and disability worldwide.
we have discussed how primary care can be redesigned to tackle the challenge of ncds in resource-constrained countries.
methods : ldl-c concentration was measured at baseline and all-cause mortality was calculated over a 3-year period.
multiple statistical models were used to adjust for demographic and biological covariates.
results : during three years of follow-up , @number@ of @number@ participants died , and the overall all-cause mortality was @percent@.
results of sensitivity analysis also showed a significant association between higher ldl-c and lower mortality risk.
conclusions : among the chinese oldest old , higher ldl-c level was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality.
our findings suggested the necessity of re-evaluating the optimal level of ldl-c among the oldest old.
following scanning , samples were stained for sgag with toluidine blue.
the x-ray attenuation and sgag optical density were calculated by image processing.
the correlation between x-ray attenuation and sgag optical density was then analyzed.
however , the deep layer showed no significant change with aging.
the sgag optical density showed a linear correlation ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) with the x-ray attenuation.
conclusion : the sgag content of hip joint cartilage varied with aging in elderly people.
the changes in superficial layer and middle layer were more evident than deep layer.
somewhat surprisingly , later-born cohorts showed , on average , a steeper decline than the earlier-born cohort.
gender and education only partially accounted for observed cohort trends.
men outperformed women in the @number@ and @number@ cohorts but no difference was found in the @number@ cohort.
more years of education was associated with improved performance in all three cohorts.
our findings confirm the presence of birth cohort effects also in old age but indicate a faster rate of decline in later-born samples.
potential explanations for these findings are discussed.
previous research has shown that drivers aged over @number@ years can improve their scores in video-based hazard perception tests following training interventions.
in order to examine the longer-term effects of hazard perception training , we recruited @number@ drivers aged @number@ and over.
they either received a 35-min hazard perception training intervention or a placebo intervention.
there was no significant decay in the training effect over this time period.
in addition , reduced affect complexity seems more likely from a theoretical point of view.
we tested this hypothesis with a study in which younger and older adults reported their momentary affect on @number@ days.
affect complexity was examined using clusterwise simultaneous component analysis based on covariance matrices to take into account differences in affect variability.
when affect variability was made comparable across age groups , affect complexity also became comparable across age groups.
it is interesting that individuals with the least complex structures had the highest levels of well-being.
we conclude that affective experiences are not only less variable in the majority of older adults , but also less complex.
implications for understanding emotions across the life span are discussed.
recent research with older adults has provided evidence suggesting both intact and deficient memory suppression.
the present studies seek to understand the conditions contributing to older adults ' ability to suppress memories voluntarily.
this study examined age-related differences in the ability to judge one's vocabulary.
older adults performed better and were more confident in their knowledge than were the other @number@ groups.
importantly , relative to young adults , older adults demonstrated better calibration both on item-by-item confidence judgments and on global estimates.
resolution , as defined by correlations between item-by-item performance and confidence judgments , was age-invariant.
we suggest that age-related accumulation of vocabulary is accompanied by enhanced perception of mastery in one's knowledge.
past studies have suggested that stroop interference increases with age ; however the robustness of this effect after controlling for processing speed has been questioned.
both working memory ( wm ) and the congruency of the immediately preceding trial have also been shown to moderate the magnitude of stroop interference.
specifically , interference is smaller both for individuals with higher working memory capacity and following an incongruent trial.
the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of rf treatments on body sculpting , as assessed by objective volumetric assessments.
materials and methods : twenty japanese patients were treated on requested body areas.
a monopolar 1-mhz rf device with uniform heating and perpendicular internal electric fields was used to achieve greater heating within the fat.
two treatments were performed @number@ weeks apart using a stamp method with 0-20% overlap.
super-imposable three-dimensional ( 3d ) photographs were taken at baseline and @number@ weeks post-second treatment.
patients rated their satisfaction using a 5-point scale.
results : objective assessments with super-imposable 3d color images showed statistically significant median volume reduction of @number@ ml after treatments.
eighty percent of the patients were either \ "satisfied \ " or \ "very satisfied \ " with the results.
no epidermal burns , sensory changes , and muscle contractions were observed.
conclusions : the uniform heating rf treatment is safe and effective for non-invasive body sculpting.
purpose : this study compared subjective and objective accommodative amplitudes to characterize changes from preschool to presbyopia.
subjective push-up amplitudes were the dioptric distance at which the target first blurred along a near-point rod.
these findings have important clinical implications for the management of uncorrected hyperopia.
incident af was identified by electrocardiograms during chs visits , hospital discharge diagnoses , and medicare files , including outpatient and physician claims diagnoses.
results : over median follow-up of @number@ years ( interquartile range @date@ @number@ ) , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) developed af.
adult cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a submaximal exercise test to estimate maximum oxygen consumption adjusted for body weight in milliliters / minute / kilogram.
finally , we examined possible mechanisms of neuroselection.
results : participants with better cardiorespiratory fitness had higher cognitive test scores at midlife.
however , fitness-associated advantages in cognitive functioning were already present in childhood.
after accounting for childhood baseline performance on the same cognitive tests , there was no association between cardiorespiratory fitness and midlife cognitive functioning.
socioeconomic and health advantages in childhood and healthier lifestyles during young adulthood explained most of the association between childhood cognitive functioning and adult cardiorespiratory fitness.
interpretation : we found no evidence for a neuroprotective effect of cardiorespiratory fitness as of midlife.
instead , children with better cognitive functioning are selecting healthier lives.
fitness interventions may enhance cognitive functioning.
however , observational and experimental studies testing neuroprotective effects of physical fitness should consider confounding by neuroselection.
the kidney disease outcomes quality initiative chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) classification was used to categorize patients ' egfr values.
results : median age was @number@ ( range : 34-88 ) years at onset of as.
overall , @percent@ ( 6 / 64 ) of patients had ckd at baseline.
median initial tumor size was @number@.1cm ( range : @number@.8-4.0 ) .
median charlson comorbidity index score was @number@ ( range : 0-8 ) .
median baseline scr was @number@.0mg / dl ( range : @number@.4-2.1 ) and median baseline egfr was @number@ ( range : @time@ @number@ ) .
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients experienced an upstaging in classification of ckd.
discussion : nearly two-thirds of patients on as experienced a decrease in egfr and nearly one-fourth had upstaging of ckd classification.
background : accurate measurement of the extent skin has aged is crucial for skin aging research.
results : the inter-rater reliability of the photonumeric grades was good to excellent ( intraclass correlation coefficients @number@.65-0.93 ) .
correlations were moderate to good for pigmented spots and telangiectasia ( ρ = @number@.60-0.75 ) .
however , its low bioavailability upon oral ingestion and lack of specificity may hamper the translation of the encouraging experimental data into human health benefits.
elevated plasma homocysteine ( hcy ) levels , also known as hyperhomocysteinemia ( hhcy ) , have been associated with cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.
hhcy has been attributed to deficiency of b vitamins which can adversely affect the brain and result in memory loss and poor attention power.
monitoring hcy levels and the use of vitamin supplementation to treat hhcy may therefore prove advantageous for the prevention and management of cognitive impairment.
cognitive function was also measured using attention span and immediate and delayed memory recall tests.
depression scores were obtained using the beck depression inventory-ii and functional impairment was assessed using the functional activities questionnaire ( faq ) score.
a positive correlation was also observed between hcy levels and faq scores , however this was not found to be significant.
the αbc protein is phosphorylated on three serine residues s59 , s45 , and s19 , and several functions of αbc are modulated by phosphorylation.
however , it is unknown whether the up-regulation of αbc is causative or protective for these pathological conditions.
the therapeutic potential of αbc alone or in combination with αa-crystallin has been reported.
the klotho protein deficiency is known to participate in premature aging.
as an aging suppressor , klotho is an important molecule in aging processes and its overexpression results in longevity.
due to many reasons , the insulin / insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) has been considered as a key pathway in aging research.
the klotho gene is closely related to this pathway.
the klotho gene encodes a transmembrane protein that after cleavage is also found as a secreted protein.
importantly , its overexpression suppresses insulin / igf-1 signaling and thus extends the lifespan.
the aim of this review is to summarize current literature that shows the involvement of klotho in the regulation of several intracellular pathways.
purpose of the study : to examine alternative means of mobility that nondriving older adults rely on and their impact on well-being.
results : a majority of nondrivers relied on their informal support system and / or paid assistance to drive them to places.
about half reported walking / using a wheelchair or scooter.
a significant proportion of never drivers also used public transportation and van / shuttle services , whereas a smaller proportion of ex-drivers used them.
changes in the morphology of dermal collagen may indicate aging or pathological processes.
at present , there is no technology for in vivo real-time assessment of collagen structures.
our goal was to introduce and validate polarization optical imaging for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of dermal collagen.
seventeen volunteers participated in the study.
cross-polarized @number@ nm images were acquired noninvasively from facial skin of the study subjects.
collagen content and intensity histogram were computed from the optical images.
quantitative results showed a decrease in the collagen content with increasing age of the subjects.
analysis of the collagen image histogram parameters demonstrated decreasing mean pixel value and increasing full width at half maximum ( fwhm ) with increasing age.
polarization optical imaging has the potential for rapid noninvasive in vivo evaluation of human dermis.
cross-polarized imaging at different wavelengths emphasizes different features of human skin.
( a ) skin photograph.
( b ) in vivo cross-polarized image at @number@ nm.
( c ) in vivo cross-polarized image at @number@ nm.
( d ) in vivo cross-polarized image at @number@ nm.
long-term consumption of fatty foods is associated with obesity , macrophage activation and inflammation , metabolic imbalance , and a reduced lifespan.
we took advantage of drosophila genetics to investigate the role of macrophages and the pathway ( s ) that govern their response to dietary stress.
drosophila macrophages produced the jak-stat-activating cytokine upd3 , in a scavenger-receptor ( crq ) and jnk-dependent manner.
nf-κb signaling made no contribution to the phenotype observed.
objective : polypharmacy is a common cause of xerostomia.
xerostomia was assessed by questioning participants.
results : a total of @percent@ of patients complained of xerostomia.
active principles in mouthwashes were mainly quaternary ammonium compounds ( @percent@ ) .
mouthwashes may disturb the healthy balance of the biofilm moisturizing the oral mucosa.
the biofilm contains mucins , salivary glycoproteins with oligosaccharides side chains able to sequester water and endogenous bacteria surrounded by a glycocalyx.
however , caregivers currently recommend such dental plaque control products to patients suffering from xerostomia in order to reduce the risk of caries and periodontitis.
conclusion : this study is the first report that use of antiseptic mouthwashes for more than @number@ weeks could worsen xerostomia in patients taking polypharmacy.
oral care protocols should avoid this iatrogenic practice , particularly when xerostomia alters the quality-of-life and worsens malnutrition.
appearance-based interventions have had some success in reducing smoking and sun exposure.
appearance may also motivate dietary behavior change if it was established that dietary improvement had a positive impact on appearance.
data from @number@ studies were extracted and assessed for quality using standardized tools.
nineteen studies were assessed as being of \ "positive \ " and @number@ of \ "neutral \ " quality.
the majority ( @number@ studies , @number@ participants ) evaluated the effect of dietary supplements on skin appearance among women.
only @number@ study examined the effect of actual food intake on appearance.
further studies are needed in representative populations that examine actual food intake on appearance , using validated tools in well-designed high-quality randomized control trials.
oxidative stress is thought to be one of the main mediators of neuronal damage in human neurodegenerative disease.
still , the dissection of causal relationships has turned out to be remarkably difficult.
most tissues showed relatively similar levels of protein oxidation.
however , human cortex was affected by severe membrane protein oxidation , while exhibiting lower than average cytoplasmic protein oxidation.
our results indicate that the aged human cortex is under steady pressure from specific and potentially detrimental membrane protein oxidation.
purpose : gastric emptying ( ge ) is often reported to be slower and more irregular in premature neonates than in older children and adults.
the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age and other covariates on the rate of ge.
a double weibull function was selected as a suitable model since it could account for the typical biphasic nature of ge.
results : age was not a significant covariate for ge but meal type was.
advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) accumulate during aging.
skin is the single organ of vitamin d synthesis , induced by ultraviolet b light.
clinical data on potential interactions between vitamin d3 deficiency and age accumulation are sparse.
vitamin d3 level averaged @number@ ± @number@ ng / ml.
the age-dependent rise in saf was steeper in smokers and in subjects presenting arterial hypertension.
no association between saf and hypovitaminosis d was revealed.
among smokers , an inverse relationship manifested between vitamin d3 and plasma age-associated fluorescence as well as soluble vascular adhesion protein-1.
our data suggest that in nondiabetic adults , hypovitaminosis d does not enhance toxicity and accumulation of ages.
only in smokers interactions are conceivable.
background : pressure ulcers still remain a significant problem in many healthcare settings.
poor knowledge and negative attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention could undesirably affect preventive care strategies.
objective : to assess both knowledge and attitudes among nursing students on pressure ulcer prevention evidence-based guidelines.
design : a multicenter cross-sectional survey was carried out from @date@ to @date@ .
settings : the study was carried out in seven italian nursing schools.
results : the overall knowledge and attitude scores were @percent@ ( @number@ @date@ ) and @percent@ ( @number@.9 / 52 ) , respectively.
we found a weak correlation between total knowledge scores and total attitude scores ( rho = 0.13 , p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : nursing students ' knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention was relatively low.
however , we observed an association between a high level of education / training experience and higher knowledge scores.
most of the participants showed high attitude scores.
these results suggest that positive attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention may contribute to the compliance with the guidelines in clinical practice.
introduction and objectives : there is wide recognition of the importance of healthy eating in cardiovascular health promotion.
methods : a cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data from @number@ participants of the aragon workers health study cohort.
standardized protocols were used to collect clinical and biochemistry data.
diet was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire , quantifying habitual intake over the past @number@ months.
the main dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis.
the association between adherence to dietary patterns and plasma lipid levels was assessed by linear and logistic regression.
based on this finding , nam is hypothesized to affect cellular senescence progression by keeping ros accumulation low.
we employed two different cellular models : mcf-7 cells undergoing senescence progression and human fibroblasts in a state of replicative senescence.
in both models , nam treatment substantially decreased ros levels.
in addition , nam attenuated the expression of the assessed senescence phenotypes , excluding irreversible growth arrest.
n-acetyl cysteine , a potent ros scavenger , did not have comparable effects in the tested cell types.
these data show that nam has potent antioxidative as well as anti-senescent effects.
moreover , these findings suggest that nam can reduce cellular deterioration caused by oxidative damage in postmitotic cells in vivo.
introduction : the worldwide population is aging , and several age-associated physiological and pathophysiological changes can affect drug disposition.
this is particularly important in view of the extensive medication prescribing and exposure in older adults.
expert opinion : a substantial amount of work has been conducted to address whether advancing age significantly affects drug disposition in humans.
despite significant advances in the field , particularly regarding drug metabolism and elimination , a number of issues remain unsolved.
this is possible today thanks to new imaging techniques enabling non-invasive diagnosis of adenomyosis.
the specificity and sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasound remain uncertain.
the traditionally accepted associations of adult adenomyosis , such as multiparity , a link to infertility and its effect on pregnancy are uncertain.
active adenomyosis has been found in pre- and peri-menopausal women and in postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen.
in conclusion , major diagnostic limitations and the systematic bias of hysterectomy make it difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing evidence.
in addition , no information is available on the natural history of adenomyosis and no study has systematically evaluated its existence in adolescents.
symptomatic androgen deficiency is common in patients taking opioid analgesics , as these drugs potently suppress the axis.
however , the efficacy of testosterone replacement in this setting remains unclear.
we conducted a randomized , double-blind , parallel placebo-controlled trial at an outpatient academic research center.
participants were randomly assigned to @number@ weeks of daily transdermal gel that contained @number@ g of testosterone or placebo.
primary outcomes were changes in self-reported clinical pain and objectively assessed pain sensitivity.
sexual function , quality of life , and body composition were also assessed.
the mean age was @number@ years.
of the @number@ randomized participants , @number@ had follow-up data on efficacy outcomes.
testosterone administration was also associated with an improvement in body composition.
there were no between-group differences in changes in self-reported pain.
studies have indicated that there may be a smoking-dependent association between skin wrinkling and airflow obstruction of the lung.
it was suggested that this association might be because of an underlying susceptibility in genes responsible for extracellular matrix ( ecm ) remodeling.
our purpose was to confirm the association between skin wrinkling and airflow obstruction and to identify genetic polymorphisms indicative of an underlying susceptibility.
this association was significant and independent of smoking or air pollution.
thus , skin and lung aging are linked in carriers of the 2g or 6a allele.
these alleles appear to be indicative of a common genetic susceptibility.
context : skeletal muscle from sedentary older adults exhibits reduced mitochondrial abundance and oxidative capacity.
intervention : thirty-four young and @number@ older adults were randomly assigned to @number@ weeks of et , rt , and control / ct.
control subjects completed @number@ weeks of no exercise ( control ) followed by @number@ weeks of ct.
body composition , skeletal muscle strength , and peak oxygen uptake were measured before and after the intervention.
vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained before and @number@ hours after the intervention.
mitochondrial physiology was evaluated by high-resolution respirometry and expression of mitochondrial proteins and transcription factors by quantitative pcr and immunoblotting.
results : et and ct significantly increased oxidative capacity and expression of mitochondrial proteins and transcription factors.
all training modalities improved body composition , cardiorespiratory fitness , and skeletal muscle strength.
ct induced the most robust improvements in mitochondria-related outcomes and physical characteristics despite lower training volumes for the et and rt components.
importantly , most of the adaptations to training occurred independent of age.
in conclusion , ct provides a robust exercise regimen to improve muscle mitochondrial outcomes and physical characteristics independent of age.
context : genetic factors contribute to the development of obesity.
objective : the aim of this study was to identify novel genes that regulate body fat mass.
the mean age ( mean ± sd ) of the subjects was @number@ ± @number@ years.
we also analyzed the fat-related phenotypes of a candidate gene in knockout mice.
a significant association was also found between slc25a24 snps and body mass index in the @number@ japanese postmenopausal women examined in the study.
the slc25a24 snps affected the mrna expression of slc25a24 in human preadipocytes.
compared with wild-type mice , slc25a24-ko mice had significantly lower body weights and white adipose tissue weights.
adipocyte differentiation was inhibited in slc25a24-ko adipose tissues and slc25a24-knockdown adipocytes.
conclusions : genetic analyses in human and mouse models revealed the importance of slc25a24 / slc25a24 in the regulation of body fat mass and adipogenesis.
the baseline visits occurred from @date@ through @date@ .
main outcomes and measures : we stratified all analyses by race.
we then conducted bivariate analyses and multivariable random forest and logistic regression analyses to explore factors predictive of cognitive resilience in apoe ε4 carriers.
neuropathic pain is one of the most difficult consequences of spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
participants underwent qst and a @number@ tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
after correcting for age , qst indicated significantly greater somatosensory function in the hnp group compared with the lnp group.
the present research investigates conditions which might contribute to older adults ' propensity to perform planned intentions under inappropriate conditions.
the results have important implications for the understanding of older adults ' pm commission errors and the processes involved in these errors.
chronic pain is associated with large societal costs , but few studies have investigated the total costs of chronic pain with respect to elderly subjects.
this study collected data from @number@ registers concerning health care , drugs , and municipal services and from @number@ surveys.
a postal questionnaire was used to collect data from a stratified sample of the population @number@ years and older in southeastern sweden.
the questionnaire addressed pain intensity and quality of life variables ( eq-5d ) .
a second postal questionnaire was used to collect data from relatives of the elderly patients suffering from chronic pain.
consumed resources increased with the severity of chronic pain.
clear differences in eq-5d were found with respect to the severity of pain.
background : little is known about factors that modify the effectiveness of exercise interventions in increasing exercise.
we aimed to identify moderators of the effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention in maintaining increased aerobic exercise among older individuals.
methods : the participants of a 4-year randomized controlled trial were a population sample of @number@ men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the aerobic exercise group included @number@ individuals and the control group included @number@ individuals who reported low aerobic exercise at baseline.
maintained increase in aerobic exercise was defined as at least 60-minute increase in moderate-to-heavy aerobic exercise per week from baseline to 2- and 4-year assessments.
conclusions : these findings help in more precise targeting of future exercise interventions among older individuals.
importance : additional information is needed about the role of dietary sodium on health outcomes in older adults.
exposures : dietary sodium intake at baseline was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.
main outcomes and measures : adjudicated death , incident cvd , and incident hf during @number@ follow-up years.
analysis of incident cvd was restricted to @number@ participants without prevalent cvd at baseline.
after @number@ years , @number@ participants had died , @number@ had developed cvd , and @number@ had developed hf.
indexing sodium intake for caloric intake and body mass index did not materially affect the results.
no consistent interactions with sex , race , or hypertensive status were observed for any outcome.
multidetector ct ( mdct ) gastrography has been regarded as a promising technique for the preoperative imaging of gastric cancer.
it has the ability to produce various three-dimensional ( 3d ) images.
using kaplan-meier analysis , retreatment-free survival rates by initial surgical procedure were compared.
types of surgical retreatment included autologous fascial sling ( @number@ ) , synthetic sling ( @number@ ) , and bulking agent ( @number@ ) .
not all women with rsui chose surgical retreatment.
aim : to investigate the associations between medication use and functional dependence in chinese older people living in a rural community.
functional status was categorized into no dependence , dependence only in instrumental adl and dependence in basic adl.
data were analyzed with multinomial logistic models controlling for potential confounders.
geriatr gerontol int @number@ 15 : 1242-1248.
nutrition across the lifespan encompasses both preventative and treatment options to maintain health and vitality.
two european union-funded research projects , full4health and satin , are adopting these complementary approaches.
cortical thickness and reho maps were calculated in @number@ unmedicated depressed patients and @number@ healthy controls.
regions with reduced cortical thickness defined the seeds for the subsequent functional connectivity ( fc ) analyses.
patients completed the response style questionnaire , which provided a measure of adaptive rumination associated with better response to psychotherapy.
the suacc clusters of increased reho and fc spatially overlapped.
in depressed patients , suacc reho scores positively correlated with pfc thickness and with fc strength.
moreover , stronger fronto-cingulate connectivity was related to higher levels of adaptive rumination.
bolstering the function of the suacc may represent a potential target for treatment.
bilingualism has been reported to delay the age of retrospective report of first symptom in dementia.
overall , bilingual dementia cases were significantly better educated than monolinguals , but u.s. born bilinguals and monolinguals did not differ significantly in education.
methods : nighty-seven normal subjects ( @number@ ears ) were recruited for conventional acs-ovemp and acs-cvemp examinations.
@number@ hz short tone burst was employed for examinations.
thresholds were identified and the parameters of the responses to 100db nhl were calculated and compared among groups.
spss @number@ software was used to analyze the date.
results : as the age growing , the response rate for ovemp decreased.
the thresholds elevated and the amplitudes decreased in both examinations with the age growing.
all patients were provided home-based pac , institution-based pac or conventional home care ( chc ) based on their capacity of family care resources.
functional status and survival status was followed for @number@ years.
results : overall , @number@ hip fracture patients ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ men ) were recruited for the present study.
during follow up , @percent@ ( 131 / 453 ) died within the mean of @number@ ± @number@ days.
objective : to evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behaviors among chinese floating population aged 18-59.
methods : data was from the chinese floating population chronic disease surveillance ( @number@ ) .
of the @number@ @number@ subjects aged 18-59 years old , information on frequency and duration of leisure activity was collected by face-to-face interview.
time spent on watching tv , reading , using computers or playing games after work was also calculated.
data showed that it was opposite among females ( p < @number@ ) .
physical activities increased in those with higher education for both males and females ( p < @number@ ) and showed significant differences on occupations.
conclusion : the percentage of taking part in moderate and vigorous activities among floating population was generally low.
prevention should target on floating population , especially on females , those with lower education or at older age.
groin hernias are very common , and surgical treatment is usually recommended.
in fact , hernia repair is the most common surgical procedure performed worldwide.
in countries such as the usa , china , and india , there may easily be over @number@ million repairs every year.
the need for this surgery has become an important socioeconomic problem and may affect health-care providers , especially in aging societies.
results : we received @number@ responses from the survey.
conclusion : approximately @percent@ of residents had the intention of using the health consultation services provided in the community.
the people who were more likely to use the services tended to have more intensive consultation support.
design : cohort study.
setting : population-based.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older n = @number@ ) without prevalent basic activity of daily living ( adl ) disability participating.
results : performance tests were reciprocally correlated at baseline.
of the @number@ baseline participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) died over the @number@ years.
conclusion : performance measures are independent predictors of relevant health outcomes , with the exception of falls.
objectives : to examine the association between neighborhood residence and frailty prevalence in older mexican americans ( mas ) .
design : cross-sectional , observational study.
setting : socioeconomically and ethnically diverse neighborhoods in san antonio , texas.
frailty was classified using the fried criteria.
frailty odds were estimated according to neighborhood using logistic regression , with the suburban neighborhood as the reference category.
covariates included age , sex , diseases , depressive symptoms , and cognitive function.
after adjustment for depression and cognition , this association was no longer significant.
diabetes mellitus and depression accounted for the higher odds of frailty in the barrio.
although odds of frailty in the transitional neighborhood were @number@ times as high as those in the suburbs , the difference was not statistically significant.
expert-developed search strategies were applied in nine electronic databases.
reference lists of included articles and literature reviews identified during the search were reviewed.
structured inclusion criteria were applied to screen @number@ titles and abstracts to identify @number@ qualitative studies published from @number@ to @date@ .
two independent reviewers appraised study quality.
participants : a combined sample of @number@ people with mild , moderate , and severe dementia.
measurements : the primary studies used interview and focus group methods.
findings from primary studies were synthesized using techniques of taxonomic analysis , constant comparison , and importing concepts.
results : four factors and the experience of connectedness or disconnectedness within each factor influenced quality of life according to people with dementia.
happiness and sadness were key outcomes of good and poor quality of life , respectively.
objectives : to compare the contributions of depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) severity to functional decline in individuals with coronary heart disease.
design : longitudinal.
setting : twelve outpatient clinics in the san francisco bay area.
participants : older adults ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ ) with stable coronary heart disease recruited between @date@ and @date@ .
difficulty performing activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living was assessed at baseline and annually for the next @number@ years.
covariates included demographic characteristics , comorbid conditions , cognitive function , social support , and health behaviors.
five years later , @number@ participants returned for follow-up assessments.
in @number@ participants who returned for follow-up , 5-year changes in depressive symptoms and exercise capacity were associated with 5-year changes in functional status.
angina pectoris frequency and lvef were not associated with functional decline or change in functional status , after adjusting for covariates and other predictors.
conclusion : in older adults with coronary heart disease , depressive symptoms and lower exercise capacity predicted functional decline over @number@ years.
in contrast , other traditional measures of cvd severity ( lvef and angina pectoris ) were not independently predictive of subsequent functional status.
these findings suggest that efforts to ameliorate depressive symptoms may be as important as treating cvd severity to enhance functional status.
accurate memory retrieval from partial or degraded input requires the reactivation of memory traces , a hippocampal mechanism termed pattern completion.
participants were required to identify previously learned scenes among new ones.
additionally , all stimuli were presented in gradually masked versions to alter stimulus completeness.
intriguingly , when novel scenes were shown , only the older adults showed an increased tendency to identify these as familiar scenes.
in line with theoretical models , we argue that this reflects an age-related bias towards pattern completion.
recently , studies using crystallography and computational chemistry have provided information on the structure and conformational changes related to hdac-mediated recognition events.
to determine whether self-reported functional losses are similar to those measured objectively and which best represent overall physical capacity.
design : experimental study , cross-sectional analysis.
setting : human performance laboratory , university setting.
conclusions : age-related functional deterioration was estimated precisely across both objective and self-reported outcomes.
furthermore , walking speed and tug time correlated most strongly with many of the outcomes highlighting their importance as global indicators of physical capacity.
background : interest in anti-aging approaches has grown significantly in recent years.
the most popular are the non invasive methods to decrease the signs of aging.
one such method is led-based therapy.
conclusion : these benefits may lead to reinforcement of the skin organization and structure.
this hypothesis will be checked in future clinical studies.
background : currently , there is an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the aging adult population.
to minimize adverse effects on glycemic control , prevention and management of general and oral complications in patients with diabetes are essential.
sixty-six patients with diabetes per health center were included.
at month @number@ the intervention group received individual lifestyle counseling and oral hygiene instruction.
the intervention group received booster education every visit by viewing a 15-minute educational video.
the control group received a routine program.
participants were assessed at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up for glycemic and periodontal status.
conclusion : the combination of lifestyle change and dental care in one program improved both glycemic and periodontal status in older patients with diabetes.
the rate of human schistosomiasis increased in al- baha province , saudi arabia in the last few years.
schistosomiasis infection rate was affected by host sex as males had higher infection rate than females.
age group of 15-44 showed the highest infection rate.
prevalence of schistosomiasis in saudi people was significantly higher than it was in non-saudi or immigrant ones.
thus , more attention should be paid to al-baha area in the future schistosome control programmes.
grey matter ( gm ) concentrations were determined using vbm.
voxel-based group differences were obtained using rminc.
bvftd patients showed widespread decrements in [ ( @number@ ) c ] abp688 bpnd throughout frontal , temporal and subcortical areas.
several regions were characterized only by decreased binding of [ ( @number@ ) c ] abp688.
the present findings represent the first in vivo report of decreased availability of mglur5 in bvftd.
the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in numerous individuals from the same family suggests a genetic cause for the disease.
other mutations ( terc , surfactant proteins genes ) are only rarely evidenced in adults.
patients with mutations involving the telomerase complex may present with pulmonary fibrosis , hematologic , cutaneous or liver diseases.
from a pathophysiological point of view , the function of the genes highlights the central role of alveolar epithelium and aging in fibrogenesis.
we sought to identify alcohol use trajectories and correlates of hazardous alcohol use among hiv-infected msm.
methods : sexually active , hiv-infected msm participating in the veterans aging cohort study were eligible for inclusion.
results : among @number@ participants , the mean age was @number@ ( sd = 9.2 ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were african american.
baseline hazardous alcohol use was reported by @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : more than @number@ in @number@ hiv-infected msm us veterans reported consistent , long-term hazardous alcohol use.
financial insecurity and concurrent substance use were predictors of consistently hazardous alcohol use , and may be modifiable targets for intervention.
the number of patients on antithrombotic treatment due to atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism is increasing fast due to an aging population.
a small percentage of the patients on dabigatran will experience serious bleeding or be in need of urgent surgery.
dabigatran prolonged clotting time 5-fold but reduced clot growth velocity only slightly.
apcc doubled initial clot growth velocity , although even more in the absence of dabigatran.
systematic evaluation of case reports , registries and , ultimately , randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate potential benefit for patients.
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in japan.
consequently , it has become increasingly important to establish an effective treatment regimen for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
standard first-line chemotherapy for younger patients with stage iv nsclc includes platinum-combination therapy.
however , two standard options are available for elderly patients with advanced nsclc.
the first is single agent chemotherapy , and the second is doublet chemotherapy.
treatment options should be tailored for elderly patients based on the comprehensive evaluation and the evidence from clinical trials for.
embryo donation and adoption are other alternatives that should be considered.
males had lower adjusted levels of mn and higher adjusted levels of se than females.
non-hispanic white ( nhw ) and nhb had lower levels of mn than hispanics ( hisp ) and nhas.
nhb and hisp had lower levels of se than nhw and nhas.
smoking negatively affected the adjusted levels of se among seniors aged ≥65 years but this was not observed in other age groups.
mn levels were not affected by smoking.
hip fracture risk increases dramatically with age , and @percent@ of fractures are due to falls.
soft tissue thickness was measured using ultrasound.
neither parameter associated with soft tissue thickness.
previous work demonstrated age-associated increases in the anterior p2 and age-related decreases in the anterior n2 in response to novel stimuli.
principal component analysis ( pca ) was used to determine if the inverse relationship between these components was due to their temporal and spatial overlap.
a pca factor representing the anterior n2 , sensitive to novelty , exhibited age-related amplitude decreases.
the late p2 and n2 to novels inversely correlated.
larger late p2 amplitude to novels was associated with better behavioral performance.
age-related differences in the anterior p2 and n2 to novel stimuli likely represent age-associated changes in independent cognitive operations.
currently , research groups label different subsets of structures and use different rules , landmarks , and cues to define their anatomical extents.
the resulting set of @number@ segmentations was analyzed in a common anatomical space to quantify similarity and identify areas of agreement.
group comparison results showed opposite profiles of sm activation for the two groups ; novices showed activation and the experts showed deactivation of the sm.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
thus , mtor becomes an important therapeutic target for ad.
however , no mtor inhibitor has yet been marketed to treat ad.
organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy ( opidn ) is a central and peripheral distal axonopathy characterized by ataxia and paralysis.
trichlorfon and acephate are two organophosphorus compounds ( ops ) used worldwide as insecticide and which cause serious effects to non-target species.
despite that , the neuropathic potential of these ops remains unclear.
trichlorfon and mipafox presented the lowest percentage of reactivation of inhibited nte and the lowest ratio ic50 nte / ic50 ache.
moreover , they caused inhibition and aging of at least @percent@ of the activity of nte at sub-lethal concentrations.
all these effects have been associated with induction of opidn.
when assayed at these concentrations , trichlorfon and mipafox reduced neurite outgrowth and increased intracellular calcium , events implicated in the development of opidn.
these findings suggest that trichlorfon is potentially neuropathic , whereas acephate is not.
in individuals with obesity , differences in fat distribution and at cellular composition may contribute to obesity related metabolic diseases.
we further asked whether at tl is related to age , anthropometric and metabolic traits.
tl was analyzed by quantitative pcr in total human genomic dna isolated from paired subcutaneous and visceral at of @number@ lean and @number@ obese individuals.
in subgroups , we analyzed tl in isolated small and large adipocytes and svf cells.
shorter tl in sat is entirely due to shorter tl in the svf compared to visceral at ( p < @number@ ) .
our data indicate that fat depot differences in tl mainly reflect shorter tl of svf cells.
however , the details of the cognitive dysfunction that occur in late-life ssd are still unknown.
results : patients with late-life ssd exhibited a lower mini-mental state examination total score and attention decline.
conclusions : our data suggest that different cognitive patterns may exist depending on disease severity , possibly indicating differences in pathogenesis.
astrocytes are fundamental for homoeostasis , defence and regeneration of the central nervous system.
loss of astroglial function and astroglial reactivity contributes to the aging of the brain and to neurodegenerative diseases.
changes in astroglia in aging and neurodegeneration are highly heterogeneous and region-specific.
at later stages of ad reactive astrocytes are associated with neurite plaques , the feature commonly found in animal models and in human diseased tissue.
in animal models of the ad reactive astrogliosis develops in some ( e.g. in the hippocampus ) but not in all regions of the brain.
for instance , in entorhinal and prefrontal cortices astrocytes do not mount gliotic response to emerging β-amyloid deposits.
these deficits in reactivity coincide with higher vulnerability of these regions to ad-type pathology.
twenty-six healthy elderly females leading a sedentary lifestyle were assigned to a ddr , brisk walking , or control group.
each participant performed a flanker task before and after the intervention.
these findings suggest that ddr intervention is as effective as that of brisk walking in improving inhibitory control for elderly people.
pin1 is a phosphorylation-dependent peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that plays a critical role in mediating protein conformational changes involved in signaling processes related to cell cycle control.
pin1 has also been implicated as being neuroprotective in aging-related neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease where pin1 activity is diminished.
notably , recent proteomic analysis of brain samples from patients with mild cognitive impairment revealed that pin1 is oxidized and also displays reduced activity.
this modification results in loss of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity.
notably , pin1 with cys113 substituted by aspartic acid retains activity and is no longer sensitive to oxidation.
structural studies by x-ray crystallography revealed increased electron density surrounding cys113 following hydrogen peroxide treatment.
whether maximal cardiac output ( qmax ) parallels this group-specific decline with age remains uncertain.
a meta-analysis was performed to determine the standardized mean difference ( smd ) in qmax between ea and age-matched untrained healthy subjects.
subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to study the influence of age and potential moderating factors.
results : eighteen studies were selected after systematic review , comprising @number@ ea and @number@ age-matched untrained subjects.
nine studies involved young ea ( mean age ≤40 years ) while nine studies involved master ea ( mean age > 55 years ) .
most macroscopic skeletal aging techniques used by forensic anthropologists have been developed and tested only on reference material from western populations.
this study examined the performance of six aging techniques on a known age sample of @number@ southeast asian individuals.
methods examined included the suchey-brooks method of aging the symphyseal face of the os pubis ( brooks and suchey , hum.
evol.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ ) , buckberry and chamberlain's , am.
j. phys. anthropol.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ and osborne et al.'s , j. forensic sci.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ revisions of the lovejoy et al. , am.
j. phys. anthropol.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ method of aging the auricular surface of the ilium , i̇şcan et al.'s , j. forensic sci.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ i̇şcan et al.'s , j. forensic sci.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ method of aging the sternal end of the fourth rib , and meindl and lovejoy's , am.
j. phys. anthropol.
@number@ ( @number@ ) @number@ methods for aging both lateral-anterior and vault sutures on the cranium.
combining age estimates from multiple indicators , specifically the pubic symphysis and one auricular surface method , was superior to individual methods.
frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a highly familial disease and the most common known genetic cause is the repeat expansion mutation in the gene c9orf72.
we have identified @number@ brothers with an expansion mutation in c9orf72 using southern blotting that is undetectable using repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction.
using an alternative method , we have identified missed expansion carriers in our cohort , and this number has increased by approximately @percent@.
this observation has important implications for patients undergoing genetic testing for c9orf72.
we aimed to investigate mutations and to characterize phenotypes in chinese eofad families.
two psen1 mutations ( p.r352c and p.m233l ) were identified in @number@ eofad families , respectively.
both mutations are predicted to be pathogenic.
our results showed that mutations in psen1 gene might be common in chinese eofad families.
an increase in dna content is associated with neuronal degeneration in alzheimer's disease but has not been evaluated in lewy body diseases.
an increase in neuronal dna content was observed in all the affected brain regions examined , although this change was related to different pathologies.
of note , increased neuronal dna content did not relate to the deposition of lewy bodies in any region examined.
these data support the concept that increased dna content increases neuronal susceptibility to degeneration and alzheimer pathologies.
background : consumer-driven homecare models support aging and disabled individuals to live independently through the services of homecare workers.
the survey asked about demographics and included measures to assess workplace violence , fear , stress , burnout , depression and sleep problems.
confidence in addressing workplace aggression buffered homecare workers against negative work and health outcomes.
background : elderly persons have the highest rates of tuberculosis ( tb ) in the united states compared to all other age groups.
a meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model along with log odds ratios and the chi-square test.
findings : thirty-eight studies ( @number@ participants ; @number@ cases of hepatotoxicity ) met the selection criteria.
interpretation : our analysis revealed that patients older than @number@ had significantly more risk of hepatotoxicity.
background : current data indicate that the size of high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) may be considered an important marker for cardiovascular disease risk.
both hdl size and volume were influenced by gender and varied according to age.
hdl-c was a major determinant of hdl size and volume , which were differently modulated in females and in males.
background : vitamin d co-regulates the synthesis of sex hormones in part by interaction with its nuclear receptor.
chaperone-mediated autophagy ( cma ) is a multistep process that involves selective degradation and digestion of a pool of soluble cytosolic proteins in lysosomes.
cma contributes to maintaining a functional proteome , through elimination of altered proteins , and participates in the cellular energetic balance through amino acid recycling.
here , we describe approaches used to study cma in different experimental models.
morbidity data were also obtained from the korean community health survey @number@
mortality data according to disease and life expectancy were retrieved from the korean statistical information service.
to predict future qaly loss , future population projection data from the korean statistical information service were used as substitutes for @number@ population size.
conclusions : hypertension , arthritis , and stroke are important in terms of total qaly loss , which will continuous to increase because of aging.
these results could be used to develop cost-effective interventions that reduce the burden of ncds.
our secondary objective was to investigate the beneficial effect of cognitive reserve on these interrelationships.
we used brain amyloid-β load measured using pittsburgh compound b positron emission tomography as a marker for amyloid pathology.
white matter hyperintensities and brain infarcts were measured using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging as a marker for vascular pathology.
we used a global cognitive z-score as a measure of cognition.
baseline cognitive performance was lower in older individuals , in males , those with lower education / occupation , and those on the amyloid pathway.
in those subjects with both vascular and amyloid pathologies , the effect of both pathologies on cognition was additive and not synergistic.
with the rate of aging rising each year , the number of patients with dementia increases.
hypothyroidism , normal pressure hydrocephalus , and depression also impair cognitive functions , and therefore these pathological conditions are easily mistaken for dementia.
methods that can easily distinguish between these diseases have been devised.
early and accurate diagnoses are very important for patients and their families as there are a number of diseases that can be treated.
one-third of the respondents expressed a desire to be at home.
furthermore , patients with dementia feel that the medication that will allow them to continue their lifestyle at home for long periods is limited.
home care for dementia is said to be more difficult than palliative care at home for patients with terminal cancer.
this paper reports on one case in which medication was not and could not be used because the symptoms were too severe.
socioeconomic resources , such as education , prevent disability but are not readily modifiable.
indirect effects were also found for street disorder with sppb scores ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
household disorder and street disorder partially accounted for educational disparities in physical capacity.
interventions and policies aiming to support aging in place should consider addressing household-level and street-level disorder.
background : the alarming prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction requires quantification of diastolic dysfunction ( ddf ) .
myocardial diastolic velocity e ' implies that age is the most important determinant.
according to this @percent@ reduction by annual physiologic aging , ddf was quantitated as e'-e ' norm.
compared to nondiabetics , d patients were older , had greater bmi , lower e' , more cardiovascular risk and greater ddf.
in nondiabetics , grading of ddf by e-e'norm correlated with grading by filling pressure e / e'.
neither left atrial size nor left ventricular mass had significant impact.
we aimed to validate this association in a population-based study conducted in rural ecuador.
pgc were noted in @percent@ versus @percent@ persons with and without stroke , respectively.
the csmp expressed in watts ( velocity × load ) for each repetition was assessed by a device that measures mean velocity.
conclusion : the threshold of csmp below which assistance is required to perform adl in community-dwelling older women was identified.
the first group of @number@ participants aged 60-75 years was recruited to measure their 1rm , 4-10rm , and 11-15rm of the three exercises.
the 1rm prediction equations were developed by multiple regression analyses.
a second group of participants with similar physical characteristics to the first group was used to evaluate the equations.
therefore , the equations can be used to predict 1rm from submaximal skeletal muscle strength accurately for older adults.
musculoskeletal metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis have become the major public health problems worldwide in our aging society.
pharmaceutical therapy is one of the approaches to prevent and treat related medical conditions.
most of the clinically used anti-osteoporotic drugs are administered systemically and have demonstrated some side effects in non-skeletal tissues.
linear mixed-models were fitted for continuous outcome variables and gee models with logit link function for binary outcome variables.
at baseline , over @percent@ of participants had timed up-and-go ( tug ) test times of @number@ s or more , which indicates below-normal performance.
on average , participants showed significant reductions in tug test scores at the postintervention ( @percent@ reduction , p < @number@ ) .
findings suggest that performance indicators can be objectively collected and integrated into evaluation designs of community-based , activity-rich lifestyle programs.
physical activity is predictive of better cognitive performance and lower risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the apolipoprotein e gene ( apoe ) is a susceptibility gene for ad with the e4 allele being associated with a greater risk of ad.
cross-sectional and prospective research shows that physical activity is predictive of better cognitive performance for those at greater genetic risk for ad.
however , the moderating role of apoe on the effects of a physical activity intervention on cognitive performance has not been examined.
the effectiveness of the recruitment strategies and the feasibility of recruiting apoe e4 carriers are discussed.
purpose : gait speed is related to physical function in older adults.
two stepwise regressions were used to find mgs predictors in two models : physical abilities and global.
kstrength60° , age , and level of physical activity explained @percent@ of mgs variance ( p < @number@ ) in the global model.
conclusions : regardless of the model , kstrength60° was the best predictor of mgs in rural female older adults.
future research should examine the generalization of these findings to rural male older adults.
methods : eleven patients with facial laxity were treated with ifus and evaluated before and after treatment.
mean age was @number@ years ( range , 35-64 years ) .
two available hand-pieces with different focal depths ( @number@ mm and @number@ mm ) were used with three to five passes 1-2 mm apart.
outcome assessment included photographic evaluation by two blinded investigators , skin biopsies before and two months after treatment , and patient satisfaction.
results : subjective and objective analyses showed @percent@ and @percent@ improvement at the two-month evaluation , respectively.
discussion and conclusions : intense focused ultrasound can be used as a non-invasive skin tightening technique in asian patients.
it induced collagen generation in the dermis and fat layers and was effective and safe in our study population.
rationale : survivors of acute lung injury ( ali ) require ongoing health care resources after hospital discharge.
the extent of such resource use , and associated costs , are not fully understood.
methods : multisite observational cohort study in @number@ intensive care units at four academic teaching hospitals evaluating @number@ two-year survivors of ali.
costs are reported in @number@ u.s. dollars.
hospital readmissions accounted for @percent@ of costs.
hospital readmissions represented @percent@ of total inpatient costs , and having medicare or medicaid before ali was associated with increased costs.
with the aging population and increasing comorbidity , these findings have important health policy implications for the care of critically ill patients.
in addition , a myriad of factors make determining their intake and status and investigating their discrete contributions to health particularly challenging.
this session summary captures the discussions and presentations that transpired during this session.
background : functional decline in stem cell-mediated regeneration contributes to aging associated with cellular senescence in c-kit + cardiac progenitor cells ( cpcs ) .
clinical implementation of cpc-based therapy in elderly patients would benefit tremendously from understanding molecular characteristics of senescence to antagonize aging.
nucleostemin ( ns ) is a nucleolar protein regulating stem cell proliferation and pluripotency.
objectives : this study sought to demonstrate that ns preserves characteristics associated with \ "stemness \ " in cpcs and antagonizes myocardial senescence and aging.
results : ns expression is decreased in ahcpcs relative to fhcpcs , correlating with lowered proliferation potential and shortened telomere length.
cpc senescence resulting from ns loss is partially p53 dependent and is rescued by concurrent silencing of p53.
mechanistically , ns induction correlates with pim-1 kinase-mediated stabilization of c-myc.
objectives : this study sought to determine whether the therapeutic effect of culture-expanded mscs persists , even in older subjects.
various cardiac imaging parameters , including absolute scar size , were compared at baseline and @number@ year post-tesi.
although there were significant reductions in absolute scar size from baseline to @number@ year post-tesi , the effect did not differ by age.
conclusions : msc therapy with tesi in icm patients improves 6mwd and mlhfq score and reduces myocardial infarction size.
importantly , older individuals did not have an impaired response to msc therapy.
however , there is a concern that inhibiting bace1 could also affect several physiological functions.
the lack of this modification directs bace1 to late endosomes / lysosomes where it is less colocalized with app , leading to accelerated lysosomal degradation.
considering that gnt-iii-deficient mice remain healthy , gnt-iii may be a novel and promising drug target for ad therapeutics.
both groups showed reduced connectivity in the parietal regions of the right working memory network compared with controls.
only dat showed reduced ventral default mode network connectivity compared with controls.
aphasia severity correlated with connectivity in the left working memory network within lvppa.
background : preventing and / or delaying cognitive impairment is a public health priority.
results : a search of five databases yielded @number@ documents published between @date@ and @date@ .
initial review of abstracts identified @number@ potentially eligible studies.
after full-article review , @number@ met inclusion criteria ; four additional articles identified in reference lists also met inclusion criteria.
conclusions : studies identified genetics and older age as key perceived risk factors more so than behaviors such as smoking.
results can inform national and international education efforts about ad and other dementias.
twenty-three children and adolescents who received an allogeneic hsct were recruited from a pediatric teaching institution in the southern united states.
demographic , diagnosis , and transplant information was obtained from the medical record.
no significant differences in hrqol scores were noted among demographic , diagnosis , or transplant factors.
feeling tired , sad , or worried or having insomnia at @number@ month post-hsct was negatively correlated to hrqol.
introduction : we examined whether statins are associated with better cerebral white ( wm ) and gray matter ( gm ) indices in community-dwelling elders.
results : there was no overall effect of statin exposure on cerebral structural indices.
the interaction between statin exposure and 3ms was significant for total-wmh and wm fa ( both p < @number@ ) but not gm md.
these differences were not significant in the two higher 3ms tertiles.
discussion : statins may benefit wm in older adults vulnerable to dementia.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) has been defined as a transitional state between normal aging and dementia.
in many cases , mci represents an early stage of developing cognitive impairment.
hence , we wondered to what extent specific bps are associated with cognitive decline in participants with mci or ad.
global cognitive performance , bps , and adl were assessed using validated clinical methods at baseline and at two-year follow-up.
moreover , specific changes in bps were associated with a rapid deterioration of the global cognitive level in mci patients.
conclusions : our findings confirm a higher variability of bps over time in the mci group than in ad patients.
regulated cell death has essential functions in development and in adult tissue homeostasis.
ripk1 has important kinase-dependent and scaffolding functions that inhibit or trigger necroptosis and apoptosis.
mouse-model studies have revealed important functions for necroptosis in inflammation and suggested that it could be implicated in the pathogenesis of many human inflammatory diseases.
we discuss the mechanisms regulating necroptosis and its potential role in inflammation and disease.
although the neural correlates that underlie abdominal pain have been investigated , so-called brain processes involved in modulating \ "gut feelings \ " remain unclear.
in the current study , we used electrointestinography ( eig ) to measure intestinal activity of healthy humans at rest.
correlations between the frequency powers of eig and fmri signals during 30min of rest were then examined to elucidate gut-brain interactions.
neural activity correlating with @number@.14- to @number@.21-hz eig ( suggested to reflect intestinal activity ) was observed in the right anterior and middle insula.
moreover , this eig frequency band correlated with anxiety scores along with resting-state functional connectivity between the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.
these findings suggest that the insular cortex could be the core region involved in central visceral processes associated with subjective feelings.
skeletal muscle specification and morphogenesis during early development are critical for normal physiology.
in addition to mediating locomotion , skeletal muscle is a secretory organ that contributes to metabolic homeostasis.
it is therefore of great interest to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate skeletal muscle development and adaptation.
muscle morphogenesis transforms short muscle precursor cells into long , multinucleate myotubes that anchor to tendons via the myotendinous junction.
this process requires carefully orchestrated interactions between cells and their extracellular matrix microenvironment.
objectives : feasibility and efficacy of computerized auditory cognitive training ( act ) was examined among patients with heart failure ( hf ) .
background : individuals with hf have four times increased risk of cognitive impairment , yet cognitive intervention studies are sparse.
methods : a pilot randomized controlled design was used.
results : the act group ( n = @number@ ) and control group ( n = @number@ ) had similar baseline characteristics.
seven participants ( @percent@ ) completed ≥ @number@ hours of act.
conclusion : results indicated act is feasible among persons with hf.
design : this was an observational , cross-sectional study.
contextual variables explained @percent@ of the variance in walking speed , and lifestyle / anthropometric variables explained an additional @percent@.
limitations : the study was conducted in a single geographic area and included only mexican american hispanic individuals.
evidence of third molars in the elders is limited.
earlier radiographic studies show rather few pathologic findings related to third molars.
recently , clinical studies have shown totally different numbers for pathology.
materials and methods : participants were drawn from the population-based helsinki aging study.
the study included panoramic radiographs of @number@ persons ( mean age @number@ years , sd ± @number@ years ) .
we examined the prevalence of third molars and associated pathology and used the chi-squared test to perform the statistical analysis.
results : of the whole group of elderly persons , @percent@ had at least one third molar.
the usual dental diseases , caries and periodontal pathology ( @number@ and @percent@ , respectively ) , were common in the third molars.
aims : tau is a microtubule-binding protein facilitating the stability of the cytoskeleton.
it is important for neurons as several neurodegenerative diseases involve hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau.
it is known that mutated tau p301l results in aggregation of tau proteins , leading to neuronal loss in the brain.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tau mutation on the retina using a transgenic tau p301l mouse model.
sections of retina tissue stained by hematoxylin and eosin ( h & e ) and immunohistochemistry were analyzed.
comparisons were made between the tau p301l mice and control mice , as well as between different age groups.
key findings : a significant decrease in the thickness of the inl in tau p301l mice was found when compared with that of control mice.
the effect was more pronounced in the peripheral area , and the effect increased with age.
regarding density of rgcs , tau p301l mice showed a similar age-related decline as in control mice.
furthermore , the rgcs from tau p301l mice increased in size with age , and the rgcs from control mice decreased in size with age.
significance : tau may be an age-independent factor of accelerated neurodegeneration , with effects differing by types of neurons and regions of the retina.
immunotherapy has become a crucial modality for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.
recently , two immune checkpoints , pd-1 and pd-l1 , have emerged as important targets for immunotherapy.
their antitumor efficacy has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most prevalent , severe , and disabling cause of dementia worldwide.
to date , ad therapy is primarily targeted toward palliative treatment of symptoms rather than prevention of disease progression.
so far , no pharmacologic interventions have changed the onset or progression of ad and their use is accompanied by side effects.
therefore , a promising alternative strategy is to maintain a healthy neuronal population in the aging brain for as long as possible.
one factor evidently important for neuronal health and function is the optimal supply of nutrients necessary for maintaining normal functioning of the brain.
despite being recognized as a nosocomial pathogen , the precise modes of transmission of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in health care settings are unknown.
this could help to identify preventative measures to be designed and implemented for decreasing the possibility of outbreaks and nosocomial infections.
application of the proteomic-based mass spectrometry by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight is also described.
improvements of typing methods already in use have to be achieved to facilitate s. maltophilia infection control at any level.
sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of lean skeletal muscle mass.
it is the result of multiple physiologic derangements , ultimately resulting in an insidious functional decline.
frailty , the clinical manifestation of sarcopenia and physical infirmity , is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population.
the underlying pathology results in a disruption of the individual's ability to tolerate internal and external stressors such as injury or illness.
the increasing prevalence of sarcopenia and critical illness in the elderly has resulted in a deadly intersection of disease processes.
furthermore , these underlying derangements are independently associated with an increased incidence of critical illness , resulting in a progressive downward spiral.
considerable evidence has been gathered supporting the role of aggressive nutrition support and physical therapy in improving outcomes.
background : measurement of intestinal permeability is important in several diseases but currently several methods are employed.
results : urinary mannitol exhibited significantly different kinetics than lactulose and sucralose which were similar to each other and varied little over the 24h.
no permeability differences were observed for renal function , age , race , sex , or bmi.
conclusions : our data do not support the use of the widely used l / m ratio as an accurate estimate of intestinal permeability.
this was also found to be true in a parkinson's disease model.
this leads to a wrinkled appearance through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β ( tgf-β ) / smad signaling.
uv irradiation increases type i collagen degradation through upregulating matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) expression.
astragaloside iv ( ast ) is one of the major active components extracted from astragalus membranaceus.
however , its multiple anti-photoaging effects remain to be elucidated.
in the present study , the effects of ast against collagen reduction in uv-induced skin aging in human skin fibroblasts were investigated.
uv irradiation inhibits type i collagen production by suppressing the tgf-β / smad signaling pathway and increasing col1 degradation by inducing mmp-1 expression.
objective : we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between vitamin e and age-related cataract ( arc ) .
design : the fixed- or random-effect model was selected based on heterogeneity.
meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity.
publication bias was evaluated using begg's test.
the dose-response relationship was assessed by a restricted cubic spline model.
setting : relevant studies were identified by a search of pubmed and the cochrane library to @date@ , without language restrictions.
subjects : studies involved samples of people of all ages.
supplemental vitamin e intake was non-significantly associated with arc risk ( relative risk = 0·92 ; @percent@ ci 0·78 , 1·07 ) .
the findings from dose-response analysis showed evidence of a non-linear association between dietary vitamin e intake and arc.
background : senile plaques in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are composed of amyloid-β ( aβ ) , especially n-truncated forms including aβ4-42.
these are thought to be neurotoxic.
this condition may be termed pathological ageing ( pa ) .
the full spectrum of aβ peptides was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
statistical analysis was performed using percentages and chi-square test.
results : the success rate of the root canal treatment was of @percent@.
the success rates of adequate and inadequate root canal treatment were not significantly different ( p > 0.05 ) .
apical periodontitis was found in @number@ ( @percent@ ) teeth treated for root canals.
conclusions : the technical quality of root canal filling performed by dental practitioners in a turkish subpopulation was consistent with a high prevalence of ap.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) and frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) are @number@ neurodegenerative diseases with differing cognitive and neuropathologic profiles.
although both diseases ultimately result in functional disability , differences in the profiles of everyday functioning between the @number@ groups have not been well characterized.
the present study examines potential differences in the types of everyday functional limitations present in these @number@ dementias.
the present study compared individuals with ad ( n = 240 ) or ftd ( n = 13 ) .
a total ecog score was used to represent global disability level.
the groups showed equivalent levels of global disability.
however , ad group exhibited worse everyday memory and everyday visuospatial abilities than the ftd group.
contrary to expectation , ftd was not more impaired in everyday executive abilities.
results remained similar when accounting for severity of cognitive impairment or disease duration.
findings suggest that a somewhat different pattern of everyday functional difficulties can be seen across dementia types.
the quality of life ( qol ) in older adults is largely determined by their functional status and health conditions.
in collecting data we used the barthel index and mos sf-36.
in the identification of levels of dependency results indicate us that @percent@ are independent and @percent@ are dependents , minimum being @percent@ total-dependent.
the results show us that , @percent@ of the subjects reported a score below @percent@ on average reported a qol of @number@ ± @percent@.
checking that are a positive correlation between the degree of dependence and the index of qol , especially in the physical component.
it is therefore important to promote healthy aging in an attempt to favor the preservation of autonomy and functional capacity of the elderly.
the relationship between aging and lung disease was discussed in several oral symposiums and poster sessions at the annual ats meeting.
the challenge remains to causally link the molecular and cellular changes of aging with age-related changes in lung physiology and disease susceptibility.
the purpose of this review is to stimulate further research to identify new strategies to prevent or treat age-related lung disease.
brain thiamine homeostasis has an important role in energy metabolism and displays reduced activity in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
thiamine deficiency ( td ) induces regionally specific neuronal death in the animal and human brains associated with a mild chronic impairment of oxidative metabolism.
these features make the td model amenable to investigate the cellular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
in this study , we used a mouse td model to assess the involvement of pkr in neuronal death and the molecular mechanisms of ad.
these effects are reversed by pkr downregulation ( using a specific inhibitor or in pkr knockout mice ) .
methods : this single-site , randomized , assessor-blinded , controlled trial was conducted from @number@ to @number@
seventy-three elderly patients with md , unipolar and bipolar , were treated with a course of formula-based bf ect or rul ect.
the 17-item hamilton rating scale for depression ( hrsd17 ) was used to measure efficacy.
safety was assessed with the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
at the end of the ect course , response rates for the bf and rul group were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
global cognitive function , as measured by the mmse , did not deteriorate in the two treatment groups.
limitations : the small number of subjects may have led to reduced power to detect real differences.
the mmse is not sufficient to ascertain the negative effect of ect on cognition.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01559324.
the progression of cardiovascular disease could be regarded as following atherosclerosis-related and age-related pathways.
the starting points for these pathways are different risk factors or aortic ageing but they conclude in the same way : end-stage heart disease.
together these interlinked pathways form the extended cardiovascular continuum.
cardiovascular protection with raas inhibitors varies ; different raas inhibitors offer different levels of protection.
similarly , calcium channel blockers ( ccbs ) also have clearly shown protective effect of cardiovascular system , especially as it regards cerebrovascular disease risk.
these antihypertensive agents have complementary vascular effects that enhance cardiovascular protection and reduce side-effects.
evidence from ascot shows that antihypertensive and vascular effects of amlodipine with and without perindopril have translated into real-life clinical benefits.
more people are living with hiv into midlife and older age.
this article presents the findings of a qualitative study developed to explore gay men's experience of aging with hiv.
multiple in-depth exploratory interviews were conducted with @number@ gay-identified men living with hiv / aids over an 18-month period.
this dynamic is referred to as \ "a shrinking kind of life , \ " an in-vivo code built from the participant's own words.
four themes from the research ( physical challenges , a magnitude of loss , internal changes , & stigma ) are discussed.
conclusions include recommendations for future research and implications for practice in the field.
dysphagia is a common clinical problem whose prevalence is increasing with the aging population in the united states.
dysphagia may be further classified as oropharyngeal or substernal , depending on the location of this sensation.
pathologic conditions of the oral cavity , pharynx , esophagus , and proximal stomach can manifest with dysphagia.
imaging remains the preferred method for evaluating patients with dysphagia , and dysphagia is an increasingly encountered indication for radiologic evaluation.
knowledge of the imaging spectrum of disease entities that may cause dysphagia and thorough radiologic assessment with a tailored approach may help avoid misdiagnosis.
intra-oocyte pi3k / mtor pathways have been indicated to play a central role on the activation of primordial follicles.
our results demonstrated the stimulators increased activation of primordial follicles and the production of progeny.
human ovarian cortex cubes were also treated with mtor or / and pi3k stimulators in vitro.
when they were used separately , both of them showed similar promotive effects on primordial follicles.
surprisingly , after joint-treatment with the @number@ kinds of stimulators together , synergistic effects on follicular development were observed.
this study aimed to clarify the efficacy , safety , and pharmacokinetics of piperacillin tazobactam ( pipc taz ) in late elderly japanese patients.
this is the first antimicrobial pilot study in late elderly patients with nursing and healthcare associated pneumonia.
after pipc taz administration , pipc concentrations in plasma were measured chromatographically and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated.
efficacy , safety , and bacteriological evaluations were also carried out.
the mean age was @number@ years old and most of the patients were late elderly.
serious nephrotoxicity was observed in @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) after administration of pipc taz.
in the pharmacokinetic parameters for pipc , total clearance was slightly lower in the nephrotoxicity group than in the non-nephrotoxicity group.
however , no significant difference was observed in plasma pipc levels between the @number@ groups.
aging is the predominant risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases.
one key phenotype as the brain ages is an aberrant innate immune response characterized by proinflammation.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying aging-associated proinflammation are poorly defined.
whether chronic inflammation plays a causal role in cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration has not been established.
here we report a mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and aging microglia and a causal role of aging microglia in neurodegenerative cognitive deficits.
interestingly , the selective activation of il-1β transcription by sirt1 deficiency is likely mediated through hypomethylating the specific cpg sites on il-1β proximal promoter.
in humans , hypomethylation of il-1β is strongly associated with chronological age and with elevated il-1β transcription.
our findings reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism in aging microglia that contributes to cognitive deficits in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
the fornix and hippocampus are critical to recollection in the healthy human brain.
fornix degeneration is a feature of aging and alzheimer's disease.
twenty-five human participants with mci and @number@ matched healthy volunteers underwent diffusion mri , behavioral assessment , and volumetric measurement of the basal forebrain.
the opposite trend was present for the left phc.
the realignment to phc was positively correlated with free recall but not non-memory measures , implying a reconfiguration that is beneficial to residual memory.
therefore , cholinergic systems appear to enable adaptation to injury even as they degenerate , which has implications for functional restoration.
background : cognitive performance changes with chronological aging.
methods : a total of @number@ ftd patients were enrolled consecutively from multi-center memory clinics using a nationwide ftd register.
neuropsychological scores that were detrended with the regression models and the behavioral symptoms of the eo-ftd and lo-ftd groups were compared.
lo-ftd ( @percent@ ) was more common than previously thought and the proportions of eo and lo groups differed across ftd subtypes.
eo-ftd patients had lower memory and frontal / executive scores and more prominent frontal / behavioral symptoms than lo-ftd patients.
conclusion : our study suggested that ftd could be heterogeneous with respect the age of symptom onset.
background : 18f-fdg-pet is defined as a biomarker of neuronal injury according to the revised national institute on aging alzheimer's association criteria.
methods : in total , @number@ patients with mci at @number@ participating institutions underwent clinical and neuropsychological examinations , mri , and 18f-fdg-pet at baseline.
the cases were visually classified into predefined dementia patterns by three experts.
anautomated analysis for 18f-fdg-pet was also performed to calculate the pet score.
subjects were followed periodically for @number@ years , and progression to dementia was evaluated.
results : in @percent@ of the patients with mci , progression of symptoms justified the clinical diagnosis of " probable ad".
the pet visual interpretation predicted conversion to ad during 3-year follow-up with an overall diagnostic accuracy of @percent@.
multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the pet score as the most significant predictive factor distinguishing ad converters from non-converters.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) affects almost @number@ million people worldwide.
one of the neuropathological features of ad is the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques , which are mainly composed of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptides.
these peptides derive from the amyloidogenic proteolytic processing of the amyloid-β protein precursor ( aβpp ) , through the sequential action of β- and γ-secretases.
however , aβpp can also be cleaved by a non-amyloidogenic pathway , involving an α-secretase , and in this case the aβ formation is precluded.
presenilin @number@ ( ps1 ) mutations are responsible for many early-onset familial ad ( fad ) cases.
the phenomenon of hippocampal long-term potentiation ( ltp ) is widely used in studies of memory formation and storage.
recent data revealed long-term ltp maintenance ( l-ltp ) is impaired in ps1-m146v knock-in ( ki ) fad mice.
this maintenance defect can be explained by an abnormal firing pattern during the consolidation phase of structural plasticity in ki neurons.
as a result , \ "consolidation \ " pattern of neuronal activity converted to \ "depotentiation \ " pattern of neuronal activity in ki neurons.
this proposed mechanism may be responsible for memory defects in ad but also for age-related memory decline.
objectives : to observe the natural time course of noncognitive symptoms before the onset of symptomatic alzheimer disease dementia.
conclusions : we found a significantly earlier presence of positive symptoms on the npi-q in cognitively normal patients who subsequently developed cdr @number@
among participants with no depression symptoms at baseline , results suggest that depressive symptoms may increase with aging regardless of incipient dementia.
such findings begin to delineate the noncognitive course of alzheimer disease dementia in the preclinical stages.
future research must further elucidate the correlation between noncognitive changes and distinct dementia subtypes.
vibrotactile feedback ( vtf ) has been shown to improve balance performance in healthy people and people with vestibular disorders in a single-task experimental condition.
older adults also did not benefit fully from using vtf in their first session.
the rts for the secondary cognitive tasks increased significantly while using the vtf in both younger and older adults.
older adults had a larger increase compared with younger adults , suggesting that greater attentional demands were required in older adults when using vtf information.
future training protocols for vtf should take into consideration the effect of aging.
background : the relationship between resting heart rate ( rhr ) and incident heart failure ( hf ) has been questioned.
mean age of participants was @number@ ( @number@ ) years and mean rhr was @number@ ( @number@ ) bpm.
baseline rhr was non-linearly associated with hf risk.
conclusions : there is a non-linear association between rhr and incident hf.
further research is needed to understand the physiologic foundations of this association.
despite the complexity , skin stem cell populations are well defined , experimentally tractable , and exhibit prominent daily cell proliferation cycles.
hair follicle stem cells also participate in recurrent , long-lasting cycles of regeneration : the hair growth cycles.
among other advantages of skin is a broad repertoire of available genetic tools enabling the creation of cell type-specific circadian mutants.
studies have already linked the circadian clock to the control of uvb-induced dna damage and skin cancers.
to that end , recent studies have already linked the circadian clock to psoriasis , one of the most common immune-mediated skin disorders.
skin also provides opportunities to interrogate the clock regulation of tissue metabolism in the context of stem cells and regeneration.
background : advanced glycation end products are involved in the vascular complications of diabetes , in chronic kidney disease , and in the aging process.
their accumulation in the elderly people , as reflected by skin autofluorescence ( saf ) , may be a marker of metabolic memory.
we aimed to examine the association of saf with glycemic and renal status @number@ years earlier in older persons.
fasting plasma glucose and serum creatinine were measured at baseline and at 10-year follow-up.
in @number@ participants , hba1c was available at these two times.
conclusions : saf reflects glycemic and renal status @number@ years before , supporting its value as a marker of metabolic memory in the elderly people.
it has been suggested that chronic dizziness in older people may constitute a multifactorial geriatric syndrome.
considering dizziness to be a geriatric syndrome with multiple contributory factors may provide additional leads for treatment.
a structured history , followed by physical examination and additional tests if necessary , can yield clues to factors that may contribute to dizziness.
to illustrate such a multifactorial approach , we present two patients with chronic dizziness.
in both cases , the general practitioner considered multifactorial dizziness with several treatable contributory factors.
by treating these contributory factors , the frequency of dizziness and dizziness-related impairment decreased temporarily in one patient and permanently in the other.
the autonomic nervous system is a key regulator of the cardiovascular system.
younger women generally have lower blood pressure and sympathetic activity than younger men.
however , both sexes show marked interindividual variability across age groups with significant overlap seen.
these major findings in humans are discussed in the context of differences in population-based trends in blood pressure and orthostatic intolerance.
to further investigate sgs1's regulation , we analyzed the subcellular localization of a fluorescent fusion of sgs1 upon dna damage.
demographic and lifestyle data were recorded based on physical examinations and questionnaires.
lens opacities were measured according to the lens opacities classification system iii ( locs iii ) .
mpod values were measured at 7° of eccentricity , using the one-wavelength reflectometry method ( visucam @number@ carl zeiss meditec ) .
mpod values were reported in parameters including ' max ' and ' mean ' optical density ( od ) .
the original mpod values without automated correction were used for analysis.
participants with no lens opacities had higher mpod values than those with moderate lens opacities ( p < @number@ ) .
the mpod values were not associated with sex , bmi or smoking status.
these results provide a reference value for future studies in the chinese population.
these results demonstrate that the adult brain is able to catabolize fatty acids for cellular energy production.
the future of genetic diagnostics will see a move toward massively parallel next-generation sequencing of a patient's dna.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is one of the diseases that would benefit from this prospect.
forty-three rare polymorphisms were detected in this cohort.
a third of these have already been reported with respect to als , leaving @number@ novel variants all open for further investigation.
this study highlights the potential benefits of next-generation sequencing as a reliable , cost and time efficient , diagnostic , and research tool for als.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a monumental public health crisis with no effective cure or treatment.
an alternative approach may be to target signaling events downstream of β-amyloid and even tau.
and now , there is mounting literature implicating rho-gtpase signaling in ad pathogenesis as well.
several of these have been linked to various aspects of ad , and each offers a novel potential therapeutic target for ad.
but significant interassay and interlaboratory variabilities hinder the widespread clinical applications of csf biomarkers.
the objective of this study was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of ad-csf-index in our local chinese patients with ad compared to nondemented controls.
a total of @number@ patients , which included @number@ patients with ad and @number@ nondemented controls , were recruited.
chinese patients with ad showed higher mean ad-csf-indices than nondemented controls ( ad = @number@.25-1.3 , normal = @number@.62-0.63 ; p < @number@ ) .
the ad-csf-indices have a high sensitivity and specificity of @percent@ to @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , in differentiating patients with ad from nondemented controls.
most importantly , our ad-csf-indices cutoff was highly similar to that reported in western studies.
background : sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are correlated in non-diseased populations , but their association in parkinson's disease ( pd ) is uncertain.
prior studies examining measures of cognition in relation to sleep have used either self-report or actigraphically measured sleep and have produced conflicting findings.
we hypothesized that poorer sleep would be related to relatively more impaired cognition.
scores for each domain from individual cognitive measures were converted to z-scores and then averaged to produce a composite score.
these results were independent from psychomotor speed.
there was a marginally significant positive correlation between the proportion of time spent in rem and immediate recall ability.
measures of sleep continuity and sleep apnea were unrelated to cognition in these patients.
whether treating this disorder of sleep results in improvement in cognition remains to be determined.
design : studies were identified by a professional research librarian and content experts.
setting : community dwelling.
participants : participants were diagnosed with dementia , severity ranging from mild to severe , and were recruited from health care and community agencies.
ten studies met all inclusion criteria.
results : of the @number@ studies included , most assessed health services use ( ie , hospitalizations ) as a secondary outcome.
conclusions : the majority of studies included hospitalizations as a secondary outcome.
only @number@ intervention was found to have an effect on hospitalizations.
future work would benefit from strategies specifically designed to reduce and prevent acute hospitalizations in persons with dementia.
hyaluronic acid ( ha ) is biocompatible , easy to use and reversible.
ha fillers are considered to be safe , although some complications can occur.
at this time , hyaluronidase is used off-label for correction.
a 41-year-old woman presented to our clinic for focal erythematous plaque on hyaluronidase injection site.
she got the injection for correction of ha filler excess.
the skin lesion continued for @number@ days.
histopathologic findings were nonspecific.
on intradermal skin test , allergic reaction to hyaluronidase were confirmed.
adverse effects of this hyaluronidase are uncommon with local injection site reactions most frequently reported.
allergy to hyaluronidase should be included in the differential diagnosis when focal erythema and swelling occur after hyaluronidase injection.
we assessed the association between hiv and incident ami within cvdrf strata.
veterans were followed from first clinical encounter on / after @date@ , until ami / death / last follow-up date ( @date@ ) .
statistics-cox models adjusted for demographics , comorbidity , and substance use.
results : of note , @number@ amis ( @percent@ hiv + ) occurred over @number@ years ( median ) .
prevalence of optimal cardiac health was < 2%.
optimal cvdrf profile was associated with the lowest adjusted ami rates.
compared with hiv- veterans , ami rates among hiv + veterans with similar cvdrf profiles were higher.
conclusions : the prevalence of optimal cardiac health is low in this cohort.
among those without major cvdrfs , hiv + veterans have twice the ami risk.
compared with hiv- veterans with high cvdrf burden , ami rates were still higher in hiv + veterans.
preventing / reducing cvdrf burden may reduce excess ami risk among hiv + people.
limited case management services were found.
barriers included limited time and resources , especially for senior centers and supportive housing.
results revealed a concern about the role , feasibility , and availability of case management for older adults within these settings.
for the past several decades , research in understanding the molecular basis of human aging has progressed significantly with the analysis of premature aging syndromes.
using geroscope pathway analysis and drug discovery platform we analyzed the activation states of @number@ major cellular signaling pathways.
this clearly indicates that hgps may truly represent accelerated aging , rather than being just a simulacrum.
our data also points to potential pathways that could be targeted to develop drugs and drug combinations for both hgps and normal aging.
objective : to determine whether the time course for the buildup of auditory stream segregation differs between younger and older adults.
a significant reduction in thresholds from the first to the last keyword was interpreted as indicating that stream segregation improved with time.
results : the buildup of stream segregation is slowed for both age groups when the masker is intact , colocated speech.
objectives : research has increasingly suggested a consistent relationship between peripheral hearing and selected measures of cognition in older adults.
however , other studies yield conflicting findings.
no study to date has examined the relationship between peripheral hearing and such an extensive array of cognitive measures.
inclusion criteria were minimal to include a sample of older adults with a wide range of sensory and cognitive abilities.
although evidence , including the present results , suggests a relationship between peripheral hearing and cognition , little is known about the underlying mechanisms.
examination of these mechanisms is a critical need to direct appropriate treatment.
the aim was to study if the chromosomal pattern in ts women changes over time.
dna probes specific for chromosomes x ( dxz1 ) and y ( dyz3 ) were used and > 100 cells were analyzed / patient.
this new finding might have relevance for the life expectancy in ts.
lower frequencies of slow oscillations of the posturographic signals can be removed using high-pass filtering.
this procedure releases postural reflexes possessing higher frequencies and lower amplitude range.
mutual dependence between the x and y components of posturographic signals was analyzed using principal component analysis ( pca ) .
the posturographic signals of old patients with idiopathic gait disturbance were compared with the control group of similar age and with younger patients.
the statistically significant differences in the mutual dependence between x and y components between the groups of patients were analyzed using manova.
a detailed post-hoc analysis is also presented.
the differences in the higher frequency range suggest the main disturbance to be connected with the spinal reflexes.
visual and vestibular support appear insufficient for postural stability control in the idiopathic gait disturbance group.
the results suggest that idiopathic gait disturbance is the final stage of the aging process of postural system.
purpose : persons with mild dementia experience multiple losses and manifest depressive symptoms.
this research study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a support group led by a social worker for chinese persons with mild dementia.
research methods : participants were randomly assigned to either a ten-session support group or a control group.
upon completion of the study , @number@ treatment group participants and @number@ control group participants completed all assessments.
conclusion : this present study supports the efficacy and effectiveness of the support group for persons with mild dementia in chinese society.
in particular , this present study shows that a support group can reduce depressive symptoms for participants.
purpose : lymphatics subserve many important functions in the human body including maintenance of fluid homeostasis , immune surveillance , and tumor metastasis.
our aim was to provide structural and phenotypic evidence of lymphatic-like structures in the human choroid , including details of its development.
phorbol ester ( pma or tpa ) , a tumor promoter , can cause either proliferation or cell cycle arrest , depending on cellular context.
for example , in skbr3 breast cancer cells , pma hyper-activates the mek / mapk pathway , thus inducing p21 and cell cycle arrest.
here we showed that pma-induced arrest was followed by conversion to cellular senescence ( geroconversion ) .
geroconversion was associated with active mtor and s6 kinase ( s6k ) .
rapamycin suppressed geroconversion , maintaining quiescence instead.
yet , t421 / s424 and s235 / 236 ( p-s6k and p-s6 , respectively ) phosphorylation became rapamycin-insensitive in the presence of pma.
either mek or mtor was sufficient to phosphorylate these pma-induced rapamycin-resistant sites because co-treatment with u0126 and rapamycin was required to abrogate them.
we next tested whether activation of rapamycin-insensitive pathways would shift quiescence towards senescence.
in ht-p21 cells , cell cycle arrest was caused by iptg-inducible p21 and was spontaneously followed by mtor-dependent geroconversion.
rapamycin suppressed geroconversion , whereas pma partially counteracted the effect of rapamycin , revealing the involvement of rapamycin-insensitive gerogenic pathways.
in normal rpe cells arrested by serum withdrawal , the mtor / ps6 pathway was inhibited and cells remained quiescent.
pma transiently activated mtor , enabling partial geroconversion.
we conclude that pma can initiate a senescent program by either inducing arrest or fostering geroconversion or both.
rapamycin can decrease gero-conversion by pma , without preventing pma-induced arrest.
the tumor promoter pma is a gero-promoter , which may be useful to study aging in mammals.
the chromosomal passenger complex ( cpc ) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell division.
therefore , inherited cpc variability could influence tumor development.
the present candidate gene approach investigates the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in genes encoding key cpc components and breast cancer risk.
possible associations were investigated in fixed-effects meta-analyses.
snps not directly genotyped were imputed based on @number@ genomes.
the data suggest that incenp in the cpc pathway contributes to er-negative breast cancer susceptibility in the european population.
background : physical inactivity accounts for @percent@ of all deaths worldwide and is among the top @number@ risk factors for global disease burden.
nearly half of people aged over @number@ years are inactive.
efforts to identify which factors influence physical activity behaviour are needed.
objective : to identify and synthesise the range of barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation.
methods : systematic review of qualitative studies on the perspectives of physical activity among people aged @number@ years and over.
medline , embase , cinahl , psychinfo and amed were searched.
independent raters assessed comprehensiveness of reporting of included studies.
thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data.
conclusions : some older people still believe that physical activity is unnecessary or even potentially harmful.
others recognise the benefits of physical activity , but report a range of barriers to physical activity participation.
this study analyzes the influence of a short aging on lees on the chemical and sensorial parameters of this young white wine.
mannoprotein content and the aromatic profile were determined and a sensorial analysis of the wines was conducted.
results showed that aging time was correlated with the concentration of some key aroma compounds and mannoproteins in albariño wines.
the best sensorial character was obtained in wines aged @number@ d on lees.
further aging times decreased the sensorial quality of albariño wine and modified its volatile profile and mannoprotein concentration.
background and purpose : white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) of presumed vascular origin increase the risk of stroke and dementia.
despite strong wmh heritability , few gene associations have been identified.
relevant experimental models may be informative.
we then attempted replication in @number@ subjects from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology ( charge ) .
we also tested the subjects from lbc1936 for previous genome-wide wmh associations found in subjects from charge.
gene set enrichment showed significant associations for downregulated spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat genes with wmh in humans.
if replicated further , they suggest a multifactorial nature for wmh and argue for more consideration of vascular contributions to dementia.
amyloid-β ( aβ ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are pathological indicators of ad.
the accumulation of aβ is considered the first step of ad pathophysiology.
compelling studies have supported the hypothesis that tbi accelerates the formation and accumulation of aβ.
the effects of mtbi on aβ accumulation remain uncertain because of a lack of mtbi pathology data.
all of them underwent mini-mental state examination , apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotyping , and amyloid-pet.
the results show an increase of amyloid accumulation and allele frequency of apoe4 in the mtbi patients with cognitive impairment.
apoe allele might play a role in the occurrence of cognitive impairment after mtbi.
the contribution of mtbi to the amyloid accumulation requires further study , and mtbi patients should be recruited for longitudinal research with repeated amyloid-pet studies.
the genetic influences on aging-related phenotypes , including cognition and depression , have been well confirmed in the western populations.
the sample consisted of @number@ twin pairs with a median age of @number@ years.
both univariate and multivariate twin models were fitted to the three phenotypes with full and nested models and compared to select the best fitting models.
univariate analysis showed moderate-to-high genetic influences with heritability @number@ for cognition and @number@ for memory.
the model also estimated weak but significant inverse genetic correlation for depression with cognition ( @number@ ) and memory ( @number@ ) .
no significant unique environmental correlation was found for depression with other two phenotypes.
the effects were more pronounced in adl and iadl disability scales in which qol moderated both linear and quadratic age-related changes.
conclusions : higher qol attenuates processes of functional decline in late adulthood.
the underlying hypothesis is that the imt may be an indirect index of vascular damage in persons with low levels of plasma antioxidants.
in conclusion , only vitamin c plasma levels appear to be selectively associated with the risk of increasing c-imt.
an adequate vitamin c status might be particularly important for protection against ad and other clinical manifestations of vascular and cognitive ageing.
evolutionary theory suggests that optimal virulence might increase if the mortality of the host ( from unrelated causes ) increases.
this proposed virulence shift might contribute to the death of old or seriously ill people even in the absence of apparent disease.
rare monogenic hyperchylomicronemia is caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins , including the lipoprotein lipase gene , lpl.
clinical hallmarks of this condition are eruptive xanthomas , recurrent pancreatitis and abdominal pain.
patients with lpl deficiency and severe or recurrent pancreatitis are eligible for the first gene therapy treatment approved by the european union.
therefore the precise molecular diagnosis of familial hyperchylomicronemia may affect treatment decisions.
we present a 57-year-old male patient with excessive hypertriglyceridemia despite intensive lipid-lowering therapy.
abdominal sonography showed signs of chronic pancreatitis.
the variants result in the amino-acid exchanges p. ( lys434asn ) and p. ( gly436arg ) .
no further relevant mutations were found by direct sequencing of the genes for apoa5 , apoc2 , lmf1 and gpihbp1.
the most physiological type of cell cycle arrest - namely , contact inhibition in dense culture - is the least densely studied.
despite cell cycle arrest , confluent cells do not become senescent.
we recently described that mtor ( target of rapamycin ) is inactive in contact-inhibited cells.
therefore , conversion from reversible arrest to senescence ( geroconversion ) is suppressed.
i this perspective , we further extended the gerosuppression model.
while causing senescence in regular cell density , etoposide failed to cause senescence in contact-inhibited cells.
a transient reactivation of mtor favored geroconversion in etoposide-treated confluent cells.
like p21 , p16 did not cause senescence in high cell density.
we discuss that suppression of geroconversion in confluent and contact-inhibited cultures mimics gerosuppression in the organism.
we examined associations between plasma phospholipid n-3 and n-6 pufas with risk of incident mobility disability and gait speed decline.
mobility disability and usual gait speed were assessed at baseline and after @number@ ± @number@ years.
logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between sex-specific s.d. increments in pufas with risk of incident mobility disability and gait speed decline.
odds ratios ( @percent@ confidence intervals ) adjusted for demographics , follow-up time , risk factors and serum vitamin d were reported.
there was no association between n-6 pufas and the risk of incident mobility disability or gait speed decline.
unscheduled homologous recombination ( hr ) can lead to genomic instability , which greatly increases the threat of neoplastic transformation in humans.
the f-box dna helicase @number@ ( fbh1 ) is a @number@'@number@ dna helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of hr.
here we report that the central player in hr , rad51 , is ubiquitylated by the scf ( fbh1 ) complex.
these effects are likely to be mediated by the enhanced nuclear matrix association of the ubiquitylation-resistant rad51.
these data are consistent with fbh1 acting as a negative regulator of rad51 function in human cells.
memory changes in preclinical alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are often characterized by heterogenous trajectories.
however , data regarding the nature and determinants of predominant trajectories of memory changes in preclinical ad are lacking.
due to an aging population , the incidence of dementia is steadily rising.
pathogenic massive hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in c9orf72 was detected in @percent@ of patients and was the most common cause of the disease.
overall , we genetically characterized @percent@ sporadic als patients.
some of the affected children exhibited mental retardation.
in particular , dpaa tends to persist in the brain for a long time , resulting in long-term impacts on the brain.
we believe that continuous monitoring of the dpaa-exposed people may promote the effect of carcinogen and accelerate brain aging.
codeine is widely used as an analgesic drug.
taking into account the high consumption of codeine , only few fatal adverse events have been published.
therefore , we reviewed the safety of codeine in adults.
in the vast majority of cases , codeine was used in combination with other drugs by drug-dependent individuals or with a suicidal intent.
only @number@ cases were found where ultra-rapid metabolizers experienced severe non-lethal adverse events.
this is far less than would be predicted from the number of cases reported in children.
by the same standards , there is no need for restrictions for adult use of codeine.
novel amine n-halamine copolymerized polystyrene ( anhcps ) nanostructures were controllably fabricated as potent antibiotics by using the surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization for killing pathogenic bacteria.
the morphology and size of the anhcps were well tailored by tuning reaction conditions such as monomer molar ratio , temperature , and copolymerization time.
antimicrobial results illustrated that the anhcps possessed superior antibacterial capability of killing pathogenic bacteria.
the destruction induced by the anhcps on bacterial surface structure was proven by using sem technique.
the effect of the oxidative chlorine content and morphology / size on the antimicrobial capability was constructed as well.
this special issue showcases research from around the world that takes a functional approach to autobiographical remembering.
in doing so , it inspires researchers to reach out to new populations.
this commentary begins with a brief history of the functional approach.
person-environment interactions , in this case how individuals use memory in their current cultural context , are at the core of that approach.
the organizational network changes in the human brain across the lifespan have been mapped using functional and structural connectivity data.
brain network changes provide valuable insights into the processes underlying senescence.
nonetheless , the altered network density in the elderly severely compromises the usefulness of network analysis to study the aging brain.
we successfully circumvented this problem by focusing on the critical structural network backbone , using a robust tree representation.
tree-based metrics were compared with classical network metrics.
in contrast to the tree-based metrics , classical metrics were highly influenced by age-related changes in network density.
abstract like most basic molecular mechanisms , programmed @number@ ribosomal frameshifting ( @number@ prf ) was first identified in viruses.
emerging research suggests that some human diseases are associated with global defects in @number@ prf.
these studies have amassed evidence for an evolutionarily conserved secretory program that regulates tissue homeostasis.
this program coordinates cell survival and proliferation during tissue regeneration and repair in young animals.
here , we review recent studies that shed light on the nature and regulation of this evolutionarily conserved secretory program.
the intricately interwoven role of detailed autobiographical memory in our daily lives and in our imaginative envisioning of the future is increasingly recognized.
both age groups rated recent memories as significantly less important and as less emotional than more temporally distant events.
our findings counter conceptions of older adults ' autobiographical memories as invariably less episodically rich than those of younger adults.
endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) plays a major role in regulating myocardial fibrosis in several pathological conditions , such as hypertension and diabetes.
aging is an independent risk factor for myocardial fibrosis.
we hypothesized that et-1 upregulation may be a basis of enhanced collagen synthesis in the senescent fibroblasts resulting in cardiac fibrosis with aging.
importantly , et-1 expression was markedly upregulated in p30 ( vs. p3 ) fibroblasts.
of note , estrogen receptor-α ( er-α ) , an important negative regulator of et-1 , was downregulated in p30 fibroblasts.
similar observations were made in the fibroblasts isolated from aged mice hearts.
et-1 upregulation with aging was also seen in ≈70-year old ( vs. ≈30-year old ) human heart sections.
further , treatment with synthetic et-1 enhanced fibronectin and collagen expression in p3 cardiac fibroblasts.
these observations in mice and human hearts suggest that aging-related cardiac fibrosis is , at least partially , dependent on the upregulation of et-1.
objectives : active ageing , considered from the perspective of participation in leisure activities , promotes life satisfaction and personal well-being.
methods : two samples of institutionalized people aged @number@ and over were analysed together : @number@ older adults without dementia and @number@ with dementia.
sociodemographic , economic , family and social network , and health and functioning variables were selected.
purpose : the number of elderly inpatients has been steadily increasing worldwide.
however , the ability to predict the degree of improvement of functional capacity after comprehensive examination of elderly inpatients is still lacking.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of improved functional outcome after rehabilitation of elderly inpatients.
functional independence measure ( fim ) scores were measured both at admission and discharge to calculate fim gain and efficiency.
of these patients , @number@ patients had oral examinations on admission.
the mann-whitney u-test or chi-square test was used for statistical analyses.
conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratio ( or ) and @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) .
cut-off values of fim scores to determine if elderly inpatients were able to return home after discharge were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve.
results : fim scores , including fim gain and efficiency , of elderly patients were significantly lower than those of middle-aged patients.
cognitive impairment and aspiration pneumonia , but not cerebrovascular disease , were also correlated with a reduced improvement of fim scores.
interestingly , fim scores were significantly lower in patients with both cerebrovascular disease and a loss of posterior occlusion.
conclusion : age and disorder of oral function may be significant predictors of improved functional capacity after rehabilitation for elderly inpatients.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : primary care clinics affiliated with a safety net urban health care system in indianapolis , indiana , usa.
analysis : psychometric validity and reliability of the self-report habc monitor.
conclusion : the self-report habc monitor demonstrates good reliability and validity as a clinically practical multidimensional tool for measuring symptoms.
the tool can be used along with its caregiver version to provide useful feedback ( via monitoring of symptoms ) for modifying care plans.
purpose : musculoskeletal conditions can impair people's ability to undertake physical activity as they age.
the survey included questions to capture the clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample.
it also comprised two open-ended questions requiring qualitative responses.
conclusion : it was clear from the breadth of the data that meaningful supports and interventions must be multidimensional.
it would appear that for such interventions to be effective , they should be flexible enough to address a variety of specific concerns.
purpose : the purpose of this study was to explore family caregivers ' role-implementation experiences at different stages of dementia.
results : family caregivers ' caregiving activities were related to patients ' stages of dementia.
for patients with mild dementia , caregivers provided more assistance in transportation and housekeeping.
in addition to these two activities , family caregivers of patients with moderate dementia provided more assistance with mobility and protection.
for patients with severe dementia , family caregivers provided more assistance with personal care , mobility and protection , transportation , and housekeeping.
overall , family caregivers reported having some preparation to provide care ; the most difficult caregiving activity was identified as managing behavioral problems.
metastatic colorectal cancer ( mcrc ) , like many cancers , is primarily a disease of elderly people.
despite this prevalence , such patients are often excluded from randomized trials or represent a minority of enrolled patients.
moreover , the criteria for establishing benefit or side effects of treatment strategies in this population are uncertain and not well recognized.
background : epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of interindividual lipid level variability and thus may contribute to the cardiovascular risk profile.
observed dna methylation changes were also further analyzed to examine their relationship with previous hospitalized myocardial infarction.
ten novel lipid-related cpg sites annotated to various genes including abcg1 , mir33b / srebf1 , and tnip1 were identified.
expression analysis revealed an association between abcg1 methylation and lipid levels that might be partly mediated by abcg1 expression.
inhibiting p27 protein degradation is an actively developing cancer therapy strategy.
although self-rated personality traits predict mortality risk , no study has examined whether one's friends can perceive personality characteristics that predict one's mortality risk.
in that study , @number@ participants were observed beginning in @number@ through @number@ when they were in their mid-20s , and continuing through @number@
male participants seen by their friends as more conscientious and open lived longer , whereas friend-rated emotional stability and agreeableness were protective for women.
disability in @number@ basic , instrumental , and mobility activities was assessed during monthly telephone interviews through @date@ .
median survival in hospice was only @number@ days and did not differ significantly by functional trajectory.
conclusions : the course of disability in the year before hospice differs greatly among older persons but is particularly poor among those with neurodegenerative disease.
mean age at diagnosis was @number@ ± @number@ ( men : @number@ ± @number@ women : @number@ ± @number@ ) .
a mean annual incidence of @number@ ms patients ≥ @number@ was observed.
conclusions : we observed an increased ms prevalence in the province of genoa , compared to @number@
in the absence of careful preparation , electrodes can drift from their original location over the course of a tdcs session.
objective : the current paper investigates the influence of electrode drift on distribution of electric fields generated by conventional tdcs.
based on these models , we extracted predicted current intensity from @number@ representative structures in the brain.
conclusions : drift in electrode position during a session of tdcs produces significant alteration in the intensity of stimulation delivered to the brain.
elimination of this source of variability will facilitate replication and interpretation of tdcs findings.
furthermore , measurement and statistically accounting for drift may prove important for better characterizing the effects of tdcs on the human brain and behavior.
the incidence of dementia and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) increases with age.
current evidence supports the role for both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis as a common pathophysiological ground for the heart-brain connection in ageing.
an accumulation of multiple vrfs , especially in middle age ( 40-59 years of age ) , can substantially increase dementia risk.
accordingly , strategies to promote cardiovascular health , especially if implemented from early life , might help to delay the onset of dementia.
in this review , we discuss the literature investigating the association of cardiovascular burden with cognitive decline and dementia over the life-course.
objectives : personality traits are associated with risk of dementia ; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning.
for each trait , the meta-analysis pooled results from up to @number@ prospective studies to examine personality and change in global cognition.
all traits were associated with subjective memory.
higher conscientiousness and lower extraversion were associated with better cognitive status and less decline.
the meta-analysis supported the association between neuroticism and conscientiousness and cognitive decline.
discussion : personality is associated with cognitive decline in older adults , with effects comparable to established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
objectives : we examined whether older adults use plausibility-checking strategies while verifying arithmetic problems.
we also tested trial-to-trial modulations of plausibility-checking strategies , and aging effects on these sequential modulations.
method : we asked young and older adults to verify arithmetic problems that violated or respected arithmetic rules ( i.e. , 5×16 = @number@
true / false ? ) .
results : both young and older adults solved problems violating parity rule and five rule more quickly than problems violating no rule.
these results suggest age invariance in using rule-violation checking strategies and a smaller , but still efficient , strategy combination in older adults.
finally , for young adults only , strategy combination was larger following problems violating rules than after problems respecting rules.
familiarity and recollection are two independent cognitive processes involved in recognition memory.
it is traditionally believed that both familiarity and recollection can support item recognition , whereas only recollection can support associative recognition.
the extent of engagement of familiarity and recollection processes during associative retrieval was estimated by using event-related potentials ( erps ) .
twenty participants studied compound words and unrelated word pairs during encoding.
these findings suggest that unitization enhances the contribution of both familiarity and recollection processes to associative recognition.
cycling cells use pin1 to help coordinate cell division.
it is over-expressed and / or activated by multiple mechanisms in many common human cancers , and acts on multiple signal pathways to promote tumorigenesis.
inhibition of pin1 in animal models has profound anti-tumor effects.
in contrast , pin1 is down-regulated or inactivated by multiple mechanisms in ad brains.
general significance : available studies on pin1 suggest that cancer and ad may share biological pathways that are deregulated in different directions.
pin1 biology opens exciting preventive and therapeutic horizons for both cancer and neurodegeneration.
this article is part of a special issue entitled proline-directed foldases : cell signaling catalysts and drug targets.
precipitation of proteins results in lens opacification , or cataract , the major blinding disease.
lysines on ubiquitin ( ub ) determine fates of ub-protein substrates.
information regarding ubiquitin proteasome systems ( upss ) , specifically of k6 in ubiquitin , is undeveloped.
we expressed in the lens a mutant ub containing a k6w substitution ( k6w-ub ) .
protein profiles of lenses that express wild-type ubiquitin ( wt-ub ) or k6w-ub differ by only ∼2%.
truncations can be cataractogenic.
additionally , we observed accumulation of gap junction connexin43 , and diminished connexin46 levels in vivo and in vitro.
the data show previously unidentified connections between ups and calpain-based degradative systems and advance our understanding of roles for ub k6 in eye development.
they also inform about new approaches to delay cataract and other protein precipitation diseases.
alterations of mitochondrial metabolism and genomic instability have been implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple tissues.
finally , p53 mutations correlated with alterations in etc subunit composition and activity in primary glioma-initiating neural stem cells.
this technique has also been gradually accepted as one of the palliative treatment options in patients with cutaneous tumors with risk factors for surgery.
we report three cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma that were treated with mohs ' chemosurgery for palliative purposes.
in case @number@ mohs ' chemosurgery could prevent rapid tumor growth and control the bleeding , exudation and offensive odor from ulcerated tumors.
the patient was able to live enjoyably at home with her family before she was transferred to a palliative care hospital.
in case @number@ remission of the tumor was achieved by concurrent treatment with local radiotherapy and mohs ' chemosurgery.
mohs ' chemosurgery for palliative purposes is not a radical treatment , but contributes to the patient's quality of life.
it has the possibility of becoming a radical treatment if eligible patients and concurrent treatment are carefully selected.
an increase in the number of skin cancer patients with risk factors for surgery has been predicted because of the progression of the aging society.
mohs ' chemosurgery may become one of the treatment options for such patients.
our data suggest that long-term cigarette smoking might be a strong risk factor for the development of multiple colorectal cancers in male lynch syndrome patients.
background : among indigenous mam-mayan women , breastfeeding practices may be intertwined with cultural influences during the early postpartum period.
methods : we recruited @number@ mother-infant dyads at infant age < @number@ days.
data on breastfeeding and cultural practices were collected via questionnaire.
infant length , weight , and head circumference were measured and z scores were calculated.
higher breastfeeding frequency was observed among mothers who spent more time in the temascal.
initiating early breastfeeding within @number@ hour postpartum was the sole infant feeding practice positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding and waz.
public health practitioners need to understand how local cultural practices influence early initiation of breastfeeding to promote adequate infant weight.
background : few studies on fall risk factors use long-recommended methods for analysis of recurrent events.
previous falls are the biggest risk factor for future falls , but few fall studies focus on the youngest-old.
aims : this study's objective was to apply cox regression for recurrent events to identify factors associated with injurious falls in the youngest-old.
exposure variable data were collected from baseline study visits and medical records.
analysis was conducted using time to event cox regression for recurrent events.
results : a majority ( @number@ % ) of injurious falls caused serious injuries such as fractures and open wounds.
conclusions : regression for recurrent events is feasible with typical falls ' study data.
the association of certain exposures with increased hazard of injurious falls begins earlier than previously studied.
different patterns of risk factors by age can provide insight into the progression of frailty.
tailored fall prevention screening and intervention may be of value in populations younger than those traditionally screened.
unlabelled : population aging is associated with a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions.
efforts to increase general health screenings and improve access to chronic condition management resources are hampered by a lack of disease and health awareness.
scope provided self-care education targeted at older people with low income and low education in order to improve health-related knowledge.
scope was also designed to provide information for policy makers on chronic disease burden and healthcare facility utilization among community-dwelling older adults.
trial registration number : nct01672177.
associations between specific red meat subtypes and risk of colorectal cancer ( crc ) have been investigated in a number of epidemiological studies.
however , no publication to date has summarised the overall epidemiological evidence.
pubmed and isi web of science were searched up until @date@ .
higher consumption of lamb was also associated with increased risk of crc ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ to @number@ ) .
no association was observed for pork ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ to @number@ ) , but some between study heterogeneity was observed.
no association was observed for poultry consumption and risk of colorectal adenomas or cancer.
this meta-analysis suggests that red meat subtypes differ in their association with crc and its sub sites.
further analysis of data from prospective cohort studies is warranted , especially regarding the role of pork.
objective : fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf23 ) is a phosphaturic agent involved in calcium-phosphate homeostasis.
recent findings show that iron deficiency and inflammation regulate fgf23 release and / or biodegradation.
the analysis was performed for all subjects and terciles of serum iron levels in relation to hs-crp were calculated.
results : the highest plasma cfgf23 and ifgf23 concentrations were found in subjects with the lowest serum iron levels ( p < 0.001 ) .
the effect of low grade inflammation was markedly weaker and affected only ifgf23 levels.
conclusions : low iron levels are associated with increased levels of both cfgf23 and ifgf23 , independent of low grade inflammation.
a similar analysis of cfgf23 and ifgf23 does not suggest enhanced biodegradation of ifgf23 induced by iron deficiency.
methods : a cross-sectional study of patients presenting to a single urban academic medical center between @date@ and @date@ .
new patients completed a self-administered intake form , including six brief sexual activity and function items.
these items , along with abstracted medical record data , were descriptively analyzed.
logistic regression was used to assess the association between sexual activity and function and disease status , adjusting for age.
results : median age was @number@ years ( range 18-91 , n = 499 ) ; more than half had a final diagnosis of cancer.
most patients completed all sex-related items on the intake form ; @percent@ answered at least one.
of these , @percent@ had physician documentation of the sexual problem.
eighteen women were referred for care.
providers reported no patient complaints about the inclusion of sexual items on the intake form.
conclusions : nearly all new patients presenting for gynecologic oncology consultation answered self-administered items to assess sexual activity and function.
further study is needed to determine the role of pre-treatment identification of sexual function concerns in improving sexual outcomes associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment.
context : older oncology patients have unique needs associated with the many physical , psychological , and social changes associated with the aging process.
the mechanisms underpinning and the impact of these changes are not well understood.
methods : symptom data from one australian study and two u.s. studies were combined to conduct this analysis.
a total of @number@ patients receiving active treatment were dichotomized into younger ( < 60 years ) and older ( ≥60 years ) groups.
results : in both groups , a seven-factor solution was selected.
four partially concordant symptom clusters emerged in both groups ( i.e. , mood / cognitive , malaise , body image , and genitourinary ) .
conclusion : the symptom clusters identified in older patients typically included a larger and more diverse range of physical and psychological symptoms.
differences also may be reflective of variations in treatment approaches between age groups.
findings highlight the need for better understanding of variation in treatment and symptom burden between younger and older adults with cancer.
non-enzymatic glycation and cross-linking of protein alter its structural integrity and function , contributing to the aging of macromolecules.
recently , dpp-4 has been shown to cleave multiple peptides , and blockade of dpp-4 could exert diverse biological actions in glp-1- or gip-independent manner.
however , whether tint reflects trec during prolonged , intense and continuous exercise when cold fluids are consumed is unknown.
therefore , we compared trec and tint during a half-marathon during which cold water was ingested to prevent bodyweight ( bw ) losses > 2%.
tint and trec were monitored throughout the tt.
hypohydration level , tt time and fluid intake were @number@ ± @percent@ bw , @number@ ± @number@ min and @number@ ± @number@ ml , respectively.
trec was systematically higher than tint by @number@ °c ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ °c ) .
nanoindentation testing and atomic force microscopy imaging were used to study the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the specimens.
mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction deteriorated more quickly than those in the transverse direction for the whole femoral head.
comparisons between layers showed a higher deterioration rate with aging in the anterior layer than in other layers.
additionally , p16 gene plays a critical role in controlling aging , regulating cellular senescence , detection and maintenance of dna damage.
the molecular mechanism behind these events involves p16-mediated signaling pathway ( or p16- rb pathway ) , the focus of our study.
in the present work , we employ reverse-engineering approach to construct the most detailed computational model of p16-mediated pathway in higher eukaryotes.
the quantitative model of p16-mediated pathway is created in a systematic manner in terms of petri net technologies.
background : although the association between lead and cardiovascular disease is well established , potential mechanisms are still poorly understood.
we investigated effect modification by vdr genetic polymorphisms in the association between cumulative lead exposure and pulse pressure , a marker of arterial stiffness.
tibia and patella bone lead levels were measured using k-x-ray fluorescence.
four single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in the vdr gene , bsm1 , taq1 , apa1 , and fok1 , were genotyped.
linear mixed effects models with random intercepts were implemented to take into account repeated measurements.
the observed interaction effect between bone lead and the bsm1 genotype persists over time during the follow-up.
similar results were observed in effect modification by taq1.
in the elderly , asthma remains a clinical challenge.
recognition , diagnosis and treatment are all complex.
influenced by processes , such as aging , the identification of an ' asthma microbiome ' presents a further challenge.
this editorial discusses aging and the ' asthma microbiome ' separately and then evaluates their potential relationship.
microbes are now linked to fundamental physiological processes , such as aging , based on data from invertebrate systems.
this study investigates differences in social support and nursing home admission by rurality of residence.
results suggest that social support has a similar association with nursing home entry for rural , suburban , and urban elders.
there are many different ways to protect skin against uv radiation's harmful effects.
based on their protection mechanism , the active molecules in sunscreens are broadly divided into inorganic and organic agents.
inorganic sunscreens reflect and scatter uv and visible radiation , while organic sunscreens absorb uv radiation and then re-emit energy as heat or light.
these synthetic molecules have limited concentration according to regulation concern.
several natural compounds with uv absorption property have been used to substitute for or to reduce the quantity of synthetic sunscreen agents.
compounds derived from natural sources have gained considerable attention for use in sunscreen products and have bolstered the market trend toward natural cosmetics.
this adds to the importance of there being a wide selection of active molecules in sunscreen formulations.
we examined whether levels of serum 25 ( oh ) d are associated with objective measures of sleep in older men.
setting and participants : cross-sectional study within a large cohort of community-dwelling older men , the mros study.
lower vitamin d levels were also associated with increased waso in age-adjusted , but not multivariable adjusted models.
these findings , if confirmed by others , suggest a potential role for vitamin d in maintaining healthy sleep.
setting : sleep research center.
arousal onsets preceded plms onset in @percent@ of pairs , while the opposite was true for the remaining @percent@ of pairs.
a significant correlation between plms duration and arousal duration was also found ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
setting : a university hospital in south korea.
participants : there were @number@ patients with acs who were consecutively recruited.
of @number@ patients with comorbid depressive disorders , @number@ were randomized to the trial.
measurements and results : sleep disturbance was evaluated by the leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire.
demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed , including cardiovascular risk factors , current cardiac status , and depressive symptoms.
depressive symptoms were most strongly and consistently associated with sleep disturbance.
in addition , older age , female sex , hypertension , and more severe acs status were associated with certain aspects of sleep disturbance.
escitalopram was significantly superior to placebo for improving sleep disturbance over the 24-w treatment period.
these effects were substantially explained by improvement in depressive symptoms.
conclusions : depression screening is indicated in patients with acute coronary syndrome with sleep disturbance.
successful treatment of depression has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these patients.
clinical trials information : clinicaltrial.gov identifier for the 24-w drug trial , nct00419471.
insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type @number@ diabetes.
skeletal muscle is the major storage site for glucose following a meal and as such has a key role in maintenance of blood glucose concentrations.
insulin resistance is characterised by impaired insulin-mediated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle.
obesity , insulin resistance and ageing are all associated with impaired microvascular responses to insulin in skeletal muscle.
impairments in insulin-mediated microvascular perfusion in muscle can directly cause insulin resistance , and this event can occur early in the aetiology of this condition.
the overweight group had more eating disordered behavior , more body dissatisfaction , and lower physical quality of life.
the increase of age predicted less disordered eating.
higher body satisfaction , less psychosocial discomfort , and a greater degree of sexual symptom discomfort predicted life satisfaction.
this uk-based qualitative study explored multiparous women's experiences of being \ "older \ " mothers.
sleep disturbances are common among older women ; however , little is known about sleep experiences among chronic benzodiazepine users.
the primary outcomes were volumetric bmd of the hip and spine measured by quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) and biochemical markers of bone turnover.
participants received daily calcium ( @number@ mg ) and vitamin d ( @number@ iu ) .
study platforms were activated using radio frequency id cards providing electronic adherence monitoring ; placebo platforms resembled the active platforms.
in total , @percent@ of participants in the active arm and @percent@ in the placebo arm completed @number@ months.
the beneficial effects of wbv observed in previous studies of younger women may not occur to the same extent in elderly individuals.
female genital cutting affects over @number@ million women worldwide.
prevalent in certain countries of africa and the middle east , the practice continues among immigrants to industrialized countries.
little is known about postmenopausal health in cut women.
the international community views this practice as a human rights violation.
in addition to genital health complications , the medical community must confront an understudied concern of what happens as this population ages.
these challenges must be addressed to provide optimal care to women affected by female genital cutting.
methods and results : the swedish heart failure registry ( rikssvikt ) and the swedish dementia registry ( svedem ) were record-linked.
associations between dementia disorders and hf types were assessed with multinomial logistic regression and survival was investigated with kaplan-meier analysis and multivariable cox regression.
we studied @number@ patients found in both registries ( @percent@ men , mean age @number@ years ) .
ejection fraction was preserved in @percent@ of patients , reduced in @percent@ , and missing in @percent@.
the proportions of dementia disorders were similar across hf types.
over a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @percent@ of patients survived @number@ year.
after adjustment for baseline covariates , neither hf types nor dementia disorders were independently associated with survival.
conclusions : heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was the most common hf type and vascular dementia was the most common dementia disorder.
the proportions of dementia disorders were similar across hf types.
neither hf types nor specific dementia disorders were associated with survival.
background : human hair cuticle is always exposed to various stresses and then gradually lost in daily life.
we previously reported that type l damage preferentially occurs in the case of japanese females in their 20s to 40s.
aims : this study aims to elucidate the age-dependent change of cuticle and its effect on hair properties.
results : it was revealed that the dominant damage pattern shifts from type l to e with aging.
furthermore , the cuticle becomes gradually less resistant to daily grooming stress.
the dominance of type e damage accelerates cuticle loss.
reduction of 18-mea on weathered hair is accelerated with aging on elder hair.
in this study , it was revealed that cuticle becomes more fragile and the hair surface properties deteriorate in the same age range.
methods : eighty-nine patients with mdd were administered paroxetine and completed the 6-week protocol.
demographic data and the madrs scores between the early response responders and the early response nonresponders and between the ner-rs and the ner-nrs were compared.
results : there was a significant difference in age between the ner-rs and the ner-nrs , with the ner-rs being younger than the ner-nrs.
the threshold for the response in the early responders was @number@ years old.
the area under the curve of the roc curve of the early responders was @number@
the threshold for the response of the nonearly responders was @number@ years old.
the area under the curve of the roc curve of the early responders was @number@
methods : a total of @number@ normal eyes ( @number@ eye per subject ) were imaged using cirrus , rtvue , and 3d-oct.
the correlations between these values and the axial length or age were evaluated using a partial correlation analysis.
these correlations were corrected using the axial length-related magnification effect.
results : all but the nasal quadrant cprnfl thicknesses and gcc thicknesses obtained using the @date@ instruments were significantly correlated with age.
the temporal quadrant cprnfl thickness measured using the @number@ instruments was positively correlated with the axial length.
the magnification correction made the most correlations positive.
conclusions : the average cprnfl and gcc thicknesses measured using these @number@ instruments decreased with age.
objective : to characterize and compare age-associated changes in brain imaging and fluid biomarkers in psen1 e280a mutation carriers and noncarriers.
age at onset of progressive biomarker changes that distinguish carriers from noncarriers was estimated using best-fitting regression models.
no age-associated findings were seen in plasma aβ1-42 or aβ1-40.
methods : a systematic review was carried out in accordance with prisma statement.
the search encompassed the medline and lilacs databases and was executed during @date@ using the keyword sarcopenia.
results : a total of @number@ studies were identified by the search strategy , and @number@ meet all inclusion criteria.
specifically for dual-x-ray absorptiometry , prevalence ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ in men and from @percent@ to @percent@ in women.
for bioelectrical impedance analysis , the range was from @percent@ to @percent@ in men and @percent@ to @percent@ in women.
regarding anthropometric and computed tomography , prevalence rates were , respectively , @percent@ and @percent@.
these factors should be considered in research designs to enable comparison and validation of results.
despite the limitations of most studies that indicated high prevalence rates , the results indicate the need for early detection of this syndrome.
age is the most important risk factor for metabolic alterations and cardiovascular accidents.
in such a milieu , heart and vessels develop a functional impairment leading to atherosclerosis , ischemia , heart insufficiency and failure.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
background : cancer is a disease that affects mostly older adults.
however , no systematic review of factors that influence an older cancer patient's decision to accept or decline cancer treatment has been conducted.
materials and methods : systematic review of the literature published between inception of the databases and @date@ .
ten databases were used.
results : of @number@ abstracts reviewed , a total of @number@ studies were included.
the majority focused on breast and prostate cancer treatment decisions and most studies used a qualitative design.
factors important for declining cancer treatment included concerns about the discomfort of the treatments , fear of side effects and transportation difficulties.
conclusion : although the reasons why older adults with cancer accepted or declined treatment varied considerably , the most consistent determinant was physician recommendation.
further studies using large , representative samples and exploring decision-making incorporating health literacy and comorbidity are needed.
sporadic inclusion body myositis ( sibm ) is the most frequently acquired myopathy in patients over @number@ years of age.
it is imperative that neurologists and rheumatologists recognize this disorder which may , through clinical and pathological similarities , mimic other myopathies , especially polymyositis.
whereas polymyositis responds to immunosuppressant drug therapy , sibm responds poorly , if at all.
we review here the pros and the cons for the respective hypotheses.
a possible scenario , which our experience leads us to favour , is that sibm may start with inflammation within muscle.
the rush of leukocytes attracted by chemokines and cytokines may induce fibre injury and hla-i overexpression.
human alpha-1 antitrypsin ( aat ) is an abundant serum protein present at a concentration of @number@.0-1.5 g l ( @number@ ) .
aat deficiency is a genetic disease that manifests with emphysema and liver cirrhosis due to the accumulation of a misfolded aat mutant in hepatocytes.
exposure to cigarette smoke and products of fossil fuel combustion aggravates aat deficiency and copd according to mechanisms that are not fully understood.
we studied aat protein derived from human blood using hplc , sds-page , and mass spectrometry.
these studies were aided by spectroscopic experiments on model peptides.
as a result , we identified three hydrolysis sites in aat.
the single c-terminal cleavage site is located before ser-285.
the n-terminal hydrolysis was more efficient than the c-terminal one , but both abolished the ability of aat to inhibit trypsin in an additive manner.
nickel ions bound to hydrolysis products demonstrated an ability to generate ros.
these results implicate ni ( ii ) exposure as a contributing factor in aat-related pathologies.
objective : to analyze the characteristics of acute occupational poisoning accidents reported in jiangsu province between @number@ to @number@
results : ( @number@ ) there were @number@ acute occupational poisoning accidents for @number@ years with @number@ workers poisoned and @number@ died.
the poisoning mortality rate was @percent@.
( @number@ ) the accidents occurred more frequently from march to august each year.
( @number@ ) asphyxiating gases , irritant gases and organic solvents are the main chemicals which caused these poisoning accidents.
( @number@ ) most of the cases come from the chemical industry and light industry .
they more occurred in men and presented the trend of aging.
( @number@ ) most of them are from the south of jiangsu and coastal areas.
new cases of acute occupational poisoning mainly concentrated in small businesses.
conclusion : strengthening the supervision on high incidence area and high-risk industry is the key point to reduce the incidence of acute occupational poisoning accident.
in addition , @percent@ was attributable to sex difference , but we found no detectable contribution of genetic factors to inter-individual variation in ict age.
conclusions : developmental plasticity impacts much of human growth.
the european male aging study has demonstrated that the hypogonadism of male aging is predominantly secondary.
theoretically with appropriate stimulation from the pituitary , the aging testis should be able to produce eugonadal levels of testosterone.
the strategies for the treatment of late onset hypogonadism ( loh ) have focused on replacement with exogenous testosterone versus restoration of endogenous production.
the purpose of this article is to review existing peer-reviewed literature supporting the concept of restoration of endogenous testosterone in the treatment of loh.
the major cause of the development of the sui is dysfunction of the urethral supporting tissues as a result of aging and childbirth.
the pcl beads were located stably at the applied urethra site ( urinary incontinent sd rat ) without migration to provide a passive bulking effect.
the differences between these techniques and the information they capture about swallowing have not previously been explored in a direct comparison.
during the experiment , @number@ participants ( ages 18-65 ) were asked to complete five saliva swallows in a neutral head position.
the resulting data was processed using previously designed techniques including wavelet denoising , spline filtering , and fuzzy means segmentation.
the pre-processed signals were then used to calculate @number@ time , frequency , and time-frequency domain features for each independent signal.
wilcoxon signed-rank and wilcoxon rank-sum tests were utilized to compare feature values across transducers and patient demographics , respectively.
however , a regression analysis showed that age accounted for an insignificant amount of variation in our signals.
conclusions : we conclude that swallowing accelerometry and swallowing sounds provide different information about deglutition despite utilizing similar transduction methods.
this contradicts past assumptions in the field and necessitates the development of separate analysis and processing techniques for swallowing sounds and vibrations.
mitochondria have been implicated in the ageing process and the lifespan modulation of model organisms.
since protein damage can impair mitochondrial function , mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance and elimination of oxidized protein.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases , the most common cause of dementia.
however , it is certain that ad is a kind of diseases resulting from multi-causes.
except for causes correlated with heredity , aging and life habits , environmental role is worth taking into consideration as well.
some metals , such as copper , aluminum , zinc and iron et al , can also have close relationship with ad.
now , we make an overview on the correlative researches in the field.
a promising strategy for enhancing care and self-management of chronic illness is an integrative , whole-person approach that recognizes and values well-being.
assessment tools are needed that will enable health care professionals to perceive patients as whole persons , with strengths as well as problems.
the omaha system assessment currently consists of identifying signs / symptoms for @number@ health concepts.
researchers mapped self-reported strengths phrases to omaha system concepts using existing narratives of @number@ older adults with 12-15 comorbid conditions.
results demonstrated the feasibility of describing strengths of patients with chronic illness.
exploratory analysis showed that there were 0-9 strengths per patient , with unique strengths profiles for @number@ of @number@ patients.
further research is needed to enhance the omaha system to formally represent strengths-based as well as a problem-focused perspectives.
hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the intrapersonal and interpersonal differences in bmi.
results : average bmi among older japanese was @time@ baseline and decreased with an accelerating rate over time.
in contrast , higher household income at baseline was associated with a higher level of bmi but similar rates of decline over time.
furthermore , we found no evidence for age variations in the ses-bmi linkage as predicted by prior investigators.
genetic variation is associated with differences in the function of the brain as well as its susceptibility to disease.
furthermore , among pd patients , h1 homozygotes have an accelerated progression to dementia.
we investigated the neurocognitive correlates of mapt haplotypes using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
behaviorally , h1 homozygosity was associated with impaired picture recognition memory in pd patients and control subjects.
these impairments in the h1 homozygotes were accompanied by an altered blood-oxygen level-dependent response in the medial temporal lobe during successful memory encoding.
additional age-related differences in blood-oxygen level-dependent response were observed in the medial temporal lobes of h1 homozygotes with pd.
decreased cerebral protein and activity levels of glutamine synthetase ( gs ) have been reported for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients.
using a recently established method , we quantified total gs levels in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) from ad patients and control subjects.
furthermore , we investigated if total gs levels in csf could differentiate ad from frontotemperal dementia and dementia with lewy bodies patients.
objective : depression is associated with poor quality of life , higher healthcare costs , and suicide.
older , especially minority , men suffer high rates of depression under-treatment.
illness attributes may influence depression under-treatment by shaping help-seeking and physician recognition in older and minority men.
improved understanding of depression attributes may help to close gaps in care for older men.
transcribed interviews were analyzed per established descriptive qualitative techniques.
results : twenty-one depression attributes were identified and @number@ were present in at least @percent@ of the interviews.
men often attributed their depression to stressors such as grief / loss and spousal conflicts , feelings of moral failure , and poor health.
although there were similarities in depression attributes between the groups , we found several differences in the frequency of certain attributes.
conclusion : similarities and differences in depression attributes between mexican-origin and white non-hispanic older men suggest the confluence of various sociocultural factors.
awareness of the variety of ways that older men understand depression can help clinicians identify and engage them in depression treatment.
background and aim : elderly patients are frequently affected by gallstone-related disease.
current guidelines support cholecystectomy after a first acute biliary complication.
in the aging , these recommendations are irregularly followed.
diagnosis and severity assessment were defined according to current guidelines.
harms , mortality , and cholecystectomy rates were evaluated.
baseline factors independently predicting cholecystectomy were identified.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included.
the median age was @number@ years , and @number@ % were women.
acute cholecystitis was present in @number@ % , acute pancreatitis in @number@ % , and acute cholangitis in @number@ %.
cholecystectomy was performed in @number@ %.
age , myocardial infarct , dementia , diabetes , nonmetastatic tumor , and severe liver disease were risk factors for not undergoing surgery.
complications related to hospital stay appeared in @number@ % of patients.
surgery , cholecystostomy , and ercp presented harms in 21-25 %.
overall mortality rate was @number@ % : @number@ % in acute cholangitis , @number@ % in acute cholecystitis , and @number@ % in acute pancreatitis.
mild cases presented a @number@ % mortality , while @number@ % of severe cases died.
after discharge , @number@ % of patients presented a new biliary complication , @number@ % of them severe.
conclusions : cholecystectomy should be recommended to elderly patients after a first acute biliary complication.
if not previously performed , ercp should be offered as an alternative when surgery is contraindicated or refused.
how these multi-factorial risks interact in individual patients remain poorly understood.
a total of @number@ subjects with parkinson's disease were enrolled in the study.
results : it was found that concurrent arm swing-stepping induced hesitation primarily in parkinson's disease patients with low fall-related self-efficacy and a fear of falling.
by contrast , concurrent arm swing-stepping led to limb incoordination in both patients and in healthy elderly controls.
the calculated specificity and sensitivity of the concurrent arm swing-stepping test was @number@ and @number@ % for hesitation and @number@ and @number@ % for incoordination.
@number@ children with dcd aged @number@ to @number@ years ( @number@ in each age group ) and @number@ td children participated in the study.
participants placed their forearms on a passive motion apparatus which extended the elbow joint at constant velocities between @number@ and @number@.35°s ( @number@ ) .
participants were required to concentrate on detection of passive arm motion and press a trigger held in their left hand once they sensed it.
the detection time was measured for each trial.
the dcd group was significantly less sensitive in detection of passive motion than td children.
further analysis of individual age groups revealed that kinesthetic sensitivity was worse in dcd than td children for age groups beyond six years of age.
our findings suggested that individual with dcd lag behind their td counterparts in kinesthetic sensitivity.
age-related dna damage has been regarded as one of the possible explanations of aging , and these age-related changes have been associated with lifestyle variables.
sixty-one healthy men ( @number@ to @number@ yrs ) were enrolled in this study.
fpg-sensitive sites , total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation ( mda ) were not statistically different between groups.
dna sbs and dna repair were positively correlated with age.
in conclusion these results suggest that dna sb damage increases with age but not fpg-sensitive sites.
moreover , base excision repair capacity increases with age without the increase of oxidative damage to dna.
the most predictable variables of dna sbs were the aerobic capacity and mda.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a most commonly multifactorial degenerative joint disease along with the aging population , particularly in postmenopausal women.
during the onset of oa , articular cartilage and subchondral bone act in concert as a functional unit.
further , chondroprotective effects of lubricin normalized bone remodeling in subchondral bone underneath.
three such factors are the challenges of physical exercise , food deprivation / fasting , and social / intellectual engagement.
therefore , this study sought to determine the contribution of no in the plm-induced lbf with age.
lbf was determined second-by-second by doppler ultrasound , and central hemodynamics were measured by finger photoplethysmography.
pin1 is oxidatively modified in human ad brains , but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms and pathological significance of such pin1 modification.
in this paper , our determination of crystal structures of oxidized pin1 reveals a series of pin1 oxidative modifications on cys113 in a sequential fashion.
cys113 oxidization is further confirmed by generating antibodies specifically recognizing oxidized cys113 of pin1.
moreover , redox regulation affects pin1 subcellular localization and pin1-mediated neuronal survival in response to hypoxia treatment.
importantly , cys113-oxidized pin1 is significantly increased in human ad brain comparing to age-matched controls.
these results suggest that preventing pin1 oxidization might help to reduce the risk of ad.
introduction : ultraviolet irradiation has deleterious effects on human skin , including tanning , sunburn , cancer and connective tissue degradation ( photoaging ) .
botanical antioxidants have been shown to be associated with reduced incidence of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging through their photoprotective profile.
we found @number@ patents , out of which @number@ were evaluated using inclusion criteria as application of natural products with photoprotective or photoaging application.
hip fracture is a common occurrence in the elderly.
however , simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures among the geriatric population ( those aged ≥65 years ) are rarely reported in the literature.
after a prompt evaluation of the patient , the ogu approach can achieve clinical stabilization prior to intervention.
we strongly suggest employing facilities with multidisciplinary teams for cases involving complex patients at short-term high risk for poor clinical outcomes.
indeed , the usual single-specialist model of care is gradually being abandoned worldwide.
background and aims : sarcopenia staging systems have been proposed , but little is known on their application in hip-fracture patients.
on the same day , we assessed grip strength with a handheld dynamometer.
functional autonomy was assessed by the barthel index.
gait speed was not considered , because of the recent hip fracture.
results : twenty-three ( @number@ % ) of the @number@ women fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for presarcopenia whereas @number@ ( @number@ % ) were sarcopenic.
conclusions : the prevalence of presarcopenia and sarcopenia was high in hip-fracture women.
presarcopenic women had higher ability to function in activities of daily living than sarcopenic women.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is characterized by progressive hypometabolism on [ ( @number@ ) f ] -fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( fdg-pet ) scans.
peripheral insulin resistance ( ir ) increases ad risk.
the homeostasis model assessment of ir ( homa-ir ) was used to measure ir.
for ad , higher homa-ir predicted lower fdg in all rois.
for mci-progressors , higher homa-ir predicted higher fdg in the mtl and hippocampus.
control regions showed no associations.
higher homa-ir predicted hypermetabolism in mci-progressors and hypometabolism in ad in medial temporal regions.
future longitudinal studies should examine the pathophysiologic significance of the shift from mtl hyper- to hypometabolism associated with ir.
leptin , an anorexigenic hormone in the hypothalamus , suppresses food intake and increases energy expenditure.
failure to respond to leptin will lead to obesity.
here , we discovered that nuclear receptor nur77 expression is lower in the hypothalamus of obese mice compared with normal mice.
nur77 deficiency compromises response to leptin in mice fed a high-fat diet.
severe leptin resistance in nur77 ko mice with increased appetite , lower energy expenditure , and hyperleptinemia contributes to aging-induced obesity.
our study opens a new avenue for regulating metabolism with nur77 as the positive modulator in the leptin-driven antiobesity in the hypothalamus.
background : age is considered a risk factor for manual handling-related injuries and older workers incur higher injury-related costs than younger co-workers.
this study investigated the differences between the kinematics and kinetics of repetitive lifting in two groups of handlers of different ages.
methods : fourteen younger ( mean @number@ yr ) and @number@ older ( mean @number@ yr ) males participated in the study.
participants repetitively lifted a box weighing @number@ kg at a frequency of @number@ lifts / min for a maximum of @number@ min.
muscle fatigue of the erector spinae was assessed using electromyography.
interpretation : older participants appeared to control the detrimental effects of fatigue associated with repetitive lifting and limit lumbar spine range of motion.
the higher rates of musculoskeletal injury among older workers may stem from a complex interaction of manual handling risk factors.
caveolin-1 ( cav-1 ) is one of the key molecules to modulate collagen metabolism in the skin.
next , we tested whether methyl-β-cyclodextrin ( mβcd ) as a chemical cav-1 inhibitor could be developed as a collagen-modulating agent in the skin.
in human dermal fibroblasts , mβcd treatment induced up-regulated col i and down-regulated cav-1 , supporting the results of mouse experiments.
iron can catalyze damaging free radical reactions.
with age , iron accumulates in brain frontal cortex regions and may contribute to the risk of ad.
in the present study , we also evaluated the age-related changes of dmt1 and fpn1 by using western blot and qpcr.
background : the effects of birth cohorts reflect the historical differences in physical and social environments.
data on tobacco consumption were self-reported and interviewees were then classified as never smokers , former smokers or current smokers.
linear model for categorical data was used to test differences on tobacco consumption between three birth elderly cohorts.
findings : men were more likely than women to be smokers.
being evangelical and having more schooling constituted protective factors against smoking.
background : the population of people with opioid use disorders ( oud ) is aging.
there has been little research on the effects of aging on mortality rates and causes of death in this group.
we also examined risk factors for specific causes of death in older adults with oud.
we then generated a cox regression model with specific causes of death treated as competing risks.
results : older adults with oud were more likely to die from any cause than younger adults with oud.
the drug-related mortality rate did not decline with age.
hiv-related and liver-related deaths were higher among older oud compared to same-age peers without oud.
there were very few clinically important predictors of specific causes of death.
conclusion : considerable drug-related mortality in people with oud suggests a need for greater access to overdose prevention and opioid substitution therapy across the lifespan.
elevated risk of liver-related death in older adults may be addressed through antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection.
there is an urgent need to explore models of care that address the complex health needs of older adults with oud.
therapeutic attempts to cure alzheimer's disease ( ad ) have failed , and new strategies are desperately needed.
disruption of these mechanisms in ad results in a reduction of creb activation with accompanying memory impairment.
thus , it is likely that strategies aimed at these mechanisms will lead to future therapies for ad.
this study aimed to develop and validate a polynesian version of the mmse ( mini-mental state examination ) .
this version was then applied to @number@ participants with alzheimer disease.
the control subjects were selected according to their age and educational level.
the variables gender and evaluation sites were checked.
cut-off scores taking into consideration these variables were defined.
the sensitivity and specificity values of the new cut-off scores were much greater than @number@
various global cut-off scores were also analyzed.
a general cut-off score ( ≤23 ) was defined and yielded @number@ % sensitivity and @number@ % specificity in detecting alzheimer disease.
in bacteria , oxaloacetate is subject to enzymatic decarboxylation ; however , oxaloacetate decarboxylases ( odx ) were so far not identified in eukaryotes.
based on molecular modeling and subsequent biochemical investigations , we identified fahd1 as a eukaryotic odx enzyme.
the results presented here indicate that dedicated oxaloacetate decarboxylases exist in eukaryotes.
ggt correlated with gpx , and with age , across all subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
ces-d scores correlated with csf hne levels only in control and hiv groups , but not in meth and hiv + meth groups.
hiv and meth use had an interactive effects on depressive symptoms , but did not show additive or interactive effects on oxidative stress.
this article explores loneliness and isolation in older lesbians , looking at the benefits offered by an over-55 fortnightly social group in yorkshire.
for many women , the group's exclusivity to older lesbians and bisexual women was deeply significant and influenced their decision to attend.
i assessed perceptions and fears around aging , preparation for later life , and end-of-life as well as numerous demographic and psycho-social variables.
despite the overall feeling that they have aged successfully , the respondent trans-lesbian population harbors significant fears about later life.
old lesbians of african descent have experienced racism , heterosexism , homophobia , and ageism.
this article explores the topics of aging , ageism , heterosexism , and minority stress among older african-american lesbians.
strong friendship bonds and social networking emerge as key features of old lesbian culture.
the spectral matters of illness , death , mourning , and widowhood inevitably culminate in an unhappy ending.
removed from a lesbian community context , intergenerational continuity vanishes and the old lesbian emerges as the cultural other.
ageist messages are everywhere.
lesbians of all ages must raise their awareness of the harm done by ageism and actively combat it.
this introduction begins with memories of homophobia the editors experienced to remind the reader of the general climate old lesbians faced in their younger years.
rationale for studying old lesbians and the relevance of the articles contained in this issue are described.
some different ways old lesbians identify that may affect policy decision and research analysis are included.
early significant research on the topic of old lesbians is noted and suggestions for future research studies are recommended.
background : loneliness and depression are very common in the aged population.
both have negative impacts on cognition in the elderly.
the present study aimed to investigate the effect of loneliness and depression on total as well as specific cognitive domains in cognitively normal male subjects.
depression was assessed by the geriatric depression scale-short form ( gds-sf ) and loneliness by ucla loneliness scales.
conclusions : our findings suggest that loneliness and depression may have negative impacts on global and specific domains of cognitive function in non-demented elderly males.
both loneliness and depression should be actively recognized earlier and appropriately treated because they are significant sources of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
the authors examined age-related differences in fine motor control during a bimanual coordination task.
thirty-four right-handed participants of three age groups ( young , early middle-aged , and late middle-aged ) practiced @number@ trials of the task.
late middle-aged participants demonstrated poorer performance than both other groups for all parameters.
all groups improved performance to a similar amount.
however , an age-related difference in acquisition strategy is visible.
late middle-aged participants seemed to have focused on improvement of force amplitude , whereas young and early middle-aged focused on timing.
hemispheric lateralization of movement control diminishes with age ; whether this is compensatory or maladaptive is debated.
increased intermanual transfer was demonstrated in older subjects during feedforward learning , with no difference between groups during feedback learning.
this finding is consistent with bilateral cortical activation being compensatory to maintain performance despite declining computational efficiency in neural networks.
we observed significant effects of apoe ε4 on aβ ( @number@ ) levels in both diagnostic groups by disease stage and region.
in contrast , we did not observe a significant effect of apoe ε4 on phf-τ levels by disease stage in any region.
objective : assess epidemiological data , trauma mechanism , injury characteristics in hyperostotic spines , and short-term outcome.
summary of background data : an increase in tlhis complicated by dish was observed.
in current literature , only case reports and small case series touch this topic.
methods : all patients with tlhis in the setting of dish between @date@ and @date@ were reviewed retrospectively.
statistical analysis was performed to assess factors related to trauma characteristics.
results : twenty patients with @number@ tlhis were analyzed.
twelve injuries involved the thoracic region ; @number@ the lumbar region ; and @number@ the thoracolumbar junction.
a total of @percent@ of injuries were due to high-energy impact.
the distribution of transdiscal and transosseous injuries was almost equal ( 13 / 10 ) .
post-traumatic neurological deficit was present in @percent@ patients.
neurological complications did not occur in low-energy injuries.
on average , spines were posteriorly stabilized over @number@ segments.
twenty percent of the patients died within @number@ months ( average age , @number@ ± @number@ yr , range , 76-88 yr ) .
conclusion : to our knowledge , this is the largest series of tlhis in dish-altered spines in literature.
the study helps to understand controversial findings in literature about morphological properties of tlhis in dish-affected spines.
surgeons should be aware of preexisting alterations in traumatized spines and the impact on therapeutic decisions.
objective : to determine associations between circulating markers of immune activation , immune cell senescence , and inflammation with hiv-associated abnormalities of pulmonary function.
design : hiv infection is an independent risk factor for abnormal pulmonary function.
methods : participants from an hiv-infected cohort ( n = @number@ ) completed pulmonary function testing ( pft ) .
regression models adjusting for clinical risk factors were constructed to examine relationships between biomarkers and pft outcomes.
shortening of pbmc telomere length correlated with airflow obstruction and diffusing impairment.
paradoxically , circulating senescent cd57 ( + ) / cd28 ( null ) cd8 ( + ) t cells were associated with better pft outcomes.
conclusion : circulating t cells expressing markers of activation and inflammatory cytokine levels are independently correlated with pft abnormalities in hiv-infected persons.
overall telomere shortening was also associated with pulmonary dysfunction.
further studies are needed to differentiate and characterize functional subsets of local pulmonary and circulating t-cell populations in hiv-associated pulmonary dysfunction.
the astute practitioner will screen for depression in this population and appropriately treat to improve chronic illness management and quality of life in older adults.
inflammation is a normal host defense reaction to infections and tissue injury.
in the present study , we examined immunoexpression of proteins participating in the above-mentioned mechanisms , in the brain of patients with viral meningoencephalitis.
the results showed that depending on the period of the disease , the process of inflammation is deregulated in different ways.
a biokinetic model for strontium in humans is necessary for quantification of internal doses due to strontium radioisotopes.
the sr-age model has a similar structure to the icrp model for the alkaline earth elements.
the sr-age model can be used for dose assessment in epidemiological studies of general populations exposed to ingested strontium radioisotopes.
objectives : this systematic review examined empirical evidence of the effects of relaxation interventions on anxiety and depression among older adults.
method : a comprehensive literature search identified studies that satisfied the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria.
three reviewers selected studies , extracted data , and appraised the methodological quality.
we then computed hedges ' effect sizes and used these to represent the effects of intervention.
results : our findings suggested that older adults who received relaxation interventions experienced greater reductions in depression and anxiety than controls in most studies.
progressive muscle relaxation training , music intervention , and yoga had the strongest intervention effects on depression.
music intervention , yoga , and combined relaxation training most effectively reduced anxiety symptoms among older adults.
furthermore , the impact of some relaxation interventions remained in effect for between @number@ and @number@ weeks after the interventions.
conclusion : this systematic review supported the positive effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults.
this is the first study to examine changes in objectively measured pa and cognition over time in hf.
at baseline , hf patients spent an average of @number@ ( sd @number@ ) minutes per day sedentary.
steps per day declined from baseline to the 12-week follow-up ; there was also a trend for declines in moderate-vigorous pa.
conclusions : reductions in daily pa predicted acute decline in attention / executive function in hf , but not of memory or language.
modifications to daily pa may attenuate cognitive decline , and prospective studies are needed to test this possibility.
background : limited health literacy is associated with worse physical function in cross-sectional studies.
we aimed to determine if health literacy is a risk factor for decline in physical function among older adults.
results : nearly half of the sample ( @percent@ ) had either marginal ( @percent@ ) or low health literacy ( @percent@ ) .
entering cognitive abilities to these models did not substantially attenuate effect sizes.
health literacy attenuated the relationship between black race and decline in physical function by @percent@.
conclusions : lower health literacy increases the risk of exhibiting faster physical decline over time among older adults.
strategies that reduce literacy disparities should be designed and evaluated.
this review focuses on the pharmacological treatment of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and disorders in older adults with id.
older adults with id often present with medical co-morbidities and mental health issues.
however , older adults with id are also at risk of polypharmacy , and older age is a risk factor for development of side effects.
the use of psychotropic drugs for older individuals with id and behavioral problems remains controversial , particularly in those with dementia.
background : published guidelines for treatment of type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) agree on initial pharmacotherapy.
however , few specific recommendations on second-line agents are provided.
mapd members between @number@ and @number@ years old identified as having t2dm between @number@ and @number@ were eligible for inclusion.
a 12-month baseline period before the first hba1c value ( index date ) was evaluated for demographic and clinical differences.
antidiabetic therapy was evaluated for @number@ months post-index.
metformin and sulfonylureas were the oral antidiabetics ( oads ) most frequently used as monotherapy.
the majority of patients on combination therapy were on two or more oads and higher injectable use was observed in the severely uncontrolled cohort.
metformin was included in > 60% of the combination regimens with metformin + sulfonylurea being the most common.
conclusion : this study suggests suboptimal treatment of those not in glycemic control ( hba1c ≥ @percent@ , @number@ mmol / mol ) .
many patients classified as severely uncontrolled based on hba1c received only monotherapy.
opportunities exist for treatment modification within this population to achieve tighter glycemic control.
background : despite mounting evidence that principles of palliative care are appropriate in care for individuals with dementia they are often not applied.
they are applicable early in the course of illness when the person can still make end-of-life decisions.
the care should include keeping people with dementia involved in meaningful activities which decrease or eliminate behavioral symptoms of dementia.
living , not just existing , with a dementing illness involves encouraging the person to continue to be involved in meaningful activities.
medical interventions should be compatible with goals of care and balance benefits and burdens for each intervention taking into consideration severity of dementia.
national blood use patterns in sub-saharan africa are poorly described.
variables included blood component type , recipient age and sex , and diagnosis.
diagnoses reported by clinicians were reclassified into international statistical classification of diseases , 10th revision categories.
multiple imputation methods were used to complete a data set missing age , sex or diagnosis data.
descriptive analyses were conducted to describe indications for transfusions and use of red blood cells ( rbcs ) , platelets , and plasma.
a total of @number@ records accounting for @number@ blood component units were analyzed.
the median age of namibian transfusion recipients was @number@ years ( sd , ±19 ) .
a total of @number@ rbc units were issued in namibia during the study period.
red blood cells transfused for \ "unspecified anemia \ " accounted for the single largest category of blood issued ( @number@ units ) .
of the overall total , @percent@ were for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ( d50-d89 ) .
during the study period , @number@ units of fresh-frozen plasma were issued.
nearly one-quarter of these units ( @percent@ ) were issued for gastrointestinal ( k20-k93 ) diagnoses.
malignant neoplasms ( c00-c97 ) accounted for @percent@ of @number@ platelet units issued.
however , better documentation of the indications for transfusion is needed to confirm these observations.
changing patterns of health care will result in changing demands for blood components.
improved methods to evaluate blood use patterns in sub-saharan africa may help set realistic national blood collection goals.
aim : the use of fluoride-releasing materials could be compromised due to aging and might also be influenced by other ordinary sources of fluoride.
methods : a clinical study was performed in two phases of @number@ days each.
integrated demineralization was determined by cross-sectional microhardness at both margins of the restoration : enamel and dentin.
results : for enamel , higher demineralization around the composite restorations was observed , regardless of dentifrice or aging.
for dentin , higher demineralization was observed around the aged composite restorations regardless of the dentifrice type used.
plasticity of inhibition in older adults : retest practice and transfer effects.
thirty-three older adults returned for the 1-year follow-up session , and @number@ of them returned for the 3-year follow-up session.
results : the results revealed maintenance of the training-induced inhibition gains at both follow-up sessions.
furthermore , performance at the @number@ follow-up sessions was better ( i.e. , reduced stroop ratio interference score ) than baseline level.
discussion : the findings demonstrate the durability of inhibition training gains in older adults for up to a 3-year period.
research has not examined how frequently such behaviors occur and what factors are associated with these behaviors.
methods : middle-aged adults and parents ( n = @number@ dyads ) reported the prevalence of parental behaviors attributed to stubbornness.
results : over @percent@ of children and @percent@ of parents reported parents acting in ways attributed to stubbornness at least sometimes.
children reported higher levels of parental stubbornness than parents self-reported.
children's perceptions of occurrence were related to parent disability and relationship characteristics , while parents ' self-reports were associated with their own personalities.
discrepancies in reports between parents and children were associated with child and parent characteristics.
findings suggest a need for intervention to increase understanding within families.
treatment with each of @number@ gsk3β inhibitors or small hairpin rna knockdown of gsk3β abolished fibril formation and prevented cell death.
ser ( @number@ ) mutations did not affect fibril formation , indicating an unprimed mechanism of thr ( @number@ ) phosphorylation.
glucosamine ( gluc ) is a drug used as an anti-inflammatory in moderate forms of knee arthrosis.
an unexpected effect on cultured dermal fibroblasts , during an experimental study on the gene activation in aesthetic bio-stimulation , was observed.
the results have potential application in orthopaedic medical therapy.
fibroblast primary cultures were carried out , seeding cells on a layer of gluc or pdrn alone or in combination for @number@ h.
real time-pcr was performed to investigate several gene expressions.
mmp13 is present in osteoarthritic cartilage and this enzyme plays a significant role in cartilage collagen degradation.
igf1 is involved in growth and development and is successfully used in tissue-engineering for cartilage repair.
based on the reported data , we infer that the association of gluc and pdrn has a potential application in cartilage therapy.
additional basic science and clinical studies are needed to confirm this preliminary report.
cutaneous angiomyolipoma ( amp ) of the ear is an extremely rare benign mesenchymal tumour.
there were no clinical signs of the tuberous sclerosis complex ( tbc ) or renal aml.
a surgical excision was performed with an excellent therapeutic result.
atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and hyperlipidaemia is one of the main risk factors for aging , hypertension and diabetes.
in addition , mast cells participate in lipid retention and vascular cell remodeling , and are mediators of innate and adaptive immunity during atherosclerosis.
the participation of mast cells in atherosclerosis is still an enigma and it may be of therapeutic interest to clarify this process.
until recently , however , little was known about the ' landscape ' of the human brain methylome.
here we assay @number@ million cpgs in each of @number@ brain samples representing different individuals and brain regions.
the cerebellum was a consistent outlier compared to all other regions , and showed over @number@ @number@ differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) .
unexpectedly , the sequence characteristics of hypo- and hypermethylated domains in cerebellum were distinct.
in contrast , very few dmrs distinguished regions of the cortex , limbic system and brain stem.
inter-individual dmrs were readily detectable in these regions.
this finding suggests that dna sequence composition , not developmental status , is the principal determinant of the human brain dna methylome.
methods : we included cp patients who had undergone whole-spine radiography more than twice and were followed for at least @number@ year.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ radiographs ) were included in this study.
there was no significant annual change in scoliosis cobb , thoracic kyphosis , and lumbar lordosis angles in the gmfcs level i-ii and iii groups.
in the gmfcs level iv-v group , there was an annual increase of @number@.4° in the scoliosis cobb angle ( p = @number@ ) .
the thoracic kyphosis angle increased by @number@.2° ( p = @number@ ) annually in the gmfcs level iv-v group.
apical vertebral translation increased by @number@ mm ( p = @number@ ) annually in the gmfcs level iv-v group.
progression of coronal and sagittal balance and pelvic obliquity with aging were not statistically significant.
conclusions : the scoliosis cobb angle , thoracic kyphosis angle , and apical vertebral translation in the gmfcs level iv-v cp patients progressed with age.
these findings can predict radiographic progression of scoliosis in cp patients.
neurofibrillary-tangle tau pathology tends to be closer to the gray matter-white matter boundary , whereas aβ is dispersed throughout the width of the cortical ribbon.
results : on average , tau-positive voxels were closer to the white matter than were aβ-positive voxels.
the differential laminar pattern was validated through postmortem examination.
conclusion : within cortical lamina , distance measures may be of value in testing pet tracers for their anatomic selectivity.
this study examines facial tissue depth in canadian mi'kmaq adults.
using ultrasound , measurements were taken at @number@ landmarks on the faces of @number@ individuals aged 18-75 years old.
the relationships between tissue thickness , age , and sex were investigated.
a positive linear trend exists between tissue thickness and age for mi'kmaq males and females at multiple landmarks.
significant differences were shown in facial tissue depth between mi'kmaq and white americans and mi'kmaq and african americans.
these data can assist in 3-d facial reconstructions and aid in establishing the identity of unknown mi'kmaq individuals.
in the elderly assessment of renal function by glomerular filtration rate estimation is crucial for diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic purposes.
our aim is to illustrate the different formulas available and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
adiponectin , an adipocyte-derived protein , exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects on the vascular endothelium.
recently adiponectin protein has been reported in murine vascular endothelial cells , however , whether adiponectin is present in human vascular endothelial cells remains unexplored.
vascular endothelial cell adiponectin was not related with circulating adiponectin ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , higher endothelial cell adiponectin levels are associated with higher vascular endothelial function , independent of circulating adiponectin levels in older adults.
autophagy is a cellular recycling program that retards ageing by efficiently eliminating damaged and potentially harmful organelles and intracellular protein aggregates.
here , we show that the abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine ( pe ) positively regulates autophagy.
methods : immunohistochemistry for cd44s , cd44v3 and cd44v6 was retrospectively performed on formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded breast cancer tissue samples.
results : tumour tissue samples from @number@ patients with breast cancer were included.
there was a significant relationship between cd44s positivity and tumour diameter and lymph node involvement.
cd44v6 positivity was significantly associated with tumour-node-metastasis ( tnm ) stage and lymph node involvement.
point-process linear models of stride intervals have been recently proven to provide a unique characterization of human gait dynamics through instantaneous time domain features.
middle-aged people have shown a high fall incidence and degeneration in gait stability , while few studies concern that.
there was no significant difference in the above two parameters of gait stability between middle-aged and older subjects ( p > 0.050 ) .
results illustrated that middle-aged subjects showed similar degenerated pattern in gait stability as the older ones in ml direction.
it's necessary for us to develop early interventions for middle-aged adults to prevent falls during walking.
although there are a small number of attempts to assess the skin aging , they identify only one of the previously classified skin aging groups.
the methods used to achieve it are also based generally on highly expensive measurement devices.
this work therefore proposes novel low-cost skin aging assessment apparatus by using light back-scatter intensity level of red , blue , green and infrared bands.
this is further enhanced by using a machine learning method to accurately predict actual skin age.
arterial spin labeling ( asl ) is an fmri method that provides absolute measurement of cbf non-invasively and with higher spatial resolution than non-mri methods.
however , application of asl in older populations is hampered by partial volume effects ( pve ) and tissue dependent changes in cbf.
results showed that : ( @number@ ) for all noise levels , the snr of ts-asl was higher.
( @number@ ) in contrast to conventional asl , which was substantially affected by brain atrophy , ts-asl was virtually independent of it.
humans are living longer but morbidity has also increased ; threatening to create a serious global burden.
our approach is to monitor gait for early warning signs of morbidity.
using body-worn accelerometers , we developed several novel camera-less methods to analyze head and pelvis movements while walking.
the new gait parameters were compared to accidental falls , mental state and co-morbidities.
our findings agree with research from other groups ; changes in human gait reflect changes to well-being.
we observed ; different aspects of gait reflected different functional outcomes.
the new gait parameters therefore may be complementary to existing methods and may have potential as biomarkers for specific disorders.
however , further research is required to validate our observations , and establish clinical utility.
palliative care needs are growing with the aging population.
ambient sensors offer patients comfortable and discreet point-of-care monitoring.
in this study , two palliative care participants were monitored in a sensorized bed.
motion monitoring by a two-tier gross and fine movement detector provided accurate detection and classification of movement , compared to annotations by an observer.
however , ascribing the motion to the patient rather than caregivers or visitors would require supplemental sensors.
motion was indicative of pain , with @percent@ of time spent moving while in pain versus @percent@ while not noted as in pain.
the age-related impairment is an increasing problem due to the aging suffered by the population , especially in developed countries.
in this regard , a neurofeedback training ( nft ) tool using motor imagery-based bci , was developed.
training consists on imagery motor exercises combined with memory and logical relation tasks.
in order to assess the effectiveness of the application @number@ subjects , older than @number@ years old , took part in this study.
results show a significant improvement of three cognitive features after performing the nft : visual perception , expressive speech , and immediate memory.
motor control deficits during aging have been well-documented.
various causes of neuromotor decline , including both peripheral and central neurological deficits , have been hypothesized.
here , we use a model of closed-loop sensorimotor control to examine the functional causes of motor control deficits during aging.
we found that visual response delay and visual noise increased with age , while reliance on visual feedback , especially during compensatory tracking decreased.
increases in visual noise were also positively correlated with increases in movement error during a reach and hold task.
the results suggest an increase in noise within the visuomotor control system may contribute to the decline in motor performance during early aging.
it is known that standing induces orthostatic stress on the cardiovascular system.
our previous works have presented that the postural control during standing and cardiovascular changes are related to each other in the health young individuals.
however , it remains to be checked if such a relationship is present in the elderly individuals as well.
application of wavelet transform coherence method provided time frequency distribution of the coherence between the two signals.
high coherence ( > threshold ) was observed between the two signals suggesting a strong relationship.
additionally , a frequency dependent behavior was observed between the two signals.
the results from this study present strong evidence that there is a change in the relationship between the two signals with aging.
neurally medicated syncope ( nms ) patients suffer from sudden loss of consciousness , which is associated with a high rate of falls and hospitalization.
a new physiological index ( μ ( pa ) ) is proposed to represent the autonomic nervous system ( ans ) function.
the discrimination ability and the reproducibility of μ ( pa ) have been compared with other traditional ans indices.
the discrimination ability and the reproducibility were evaluated by cohen's d between young and elderly groups and by the interclass correlation coefficient , respectively.
therefore , it suggests that μ ( pa ) is associated with the decrease in the ans function accompanied by aging.
moreover , it showed that the discrimination ability and the reproducibility of the proposed index are comparable or larger than those of traditional indices.
several technologies entered our homes to change our lives.
the icts in homes can now help prolonge our longevity.
among various methods for analyzing physiological signals , sample entropy ( se ) is commonly used to quantify the degree of regularity of time series.
however , we found that for temporally correlated data , se value depends on the sampling rate.
when data are oversampled , se may give misleading results.
the lag could be chosen as the first minimum of the auto mutual information function.
we tested the performance of modified se using simulated signals and sbf data.
the results showed that modified se is able to quantify the degree of regularity of the signals regardless of sampling rate.
these results suggest that modified se may be useful in the study of sbf dynamics.
with a globally aging population , the burden of care of cognitively impaired older adults is becoming increasingly concerning.
instances of alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are becoming ever more frequent.
earlier detection of cognitive impairment offers significant benefits , but remains difficult to do in practice.
micrornas play an important role in regulation of gene expression , but still detection of their targets remains a challenge.
in this work we present a supervised regulatory network inference method with aim to identify potential target genes ( mrnas ) of micrornas.
briefly , the proposed method exploiting mrna and microrna expression trains random forests on known interactions and subsequently it is able to predict novel ones.
in parallel , we incorporate different available data sources , such as gene ontology and proteinprotein interactions , to deliver biologically consistent results.
application in both benchmark data and an experiment studying aging showed robust performance.
microdots are bright , 1-2um features of the cornea.
confocal images of the stroma show these microdots mixed with larger keratocyte cells.
this paper presents a method for detecting microdots using a two-step filtering scheme that separates the keratocyte cells and the microdots.
keratocyte cell locations are then used to eliminate falsely detected microdots.
results are compared to ground truth based on a grading scale from 0-5.
two graders were given a set of @number@ images to grade using a gui that included sample images for each of the six grades.
the two graders had a correlation of @number@ with each other.
the algorithm had a correlation of @number@ with the average of graders and @number@ with each of the graders individually.
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ( hpv ) is an important physiological response that optimizes the ventilation / perfusion ratio.
chronic hypoxia causes vascular remodeling , which is central to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension ( hph ) .
here , we investigate the role of notch signaling in hpv and hypoxia-induced enhancement of soce.
we examined soce in human pasmcs exposed to hypoxia and pulmonary arterial pressure in mice using the isolated perfused / ventilated lung method.
wild-type and canonical transient receptor potential ( trpc ) 6 ( - / - ) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce hph.
inhibition of notch signaling with a γ-secretase inhibitor attenuates hypoxia-enhanced soce in pasmcs and hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary arterial pressure.
our results demonstrate that hypoxia activates notch signaling and up-regulates trpc6 channels.
additionally , treatment with a notch ligand can mimic hypoxic responses.
finally , inhibition of trpc6 , either pharmacologically or genetically , attenuates hpv , hypoxia-enhanced soce , and the development of hph.
these results demonstrate that hypoxia-induced activation of notch signaling mediates hpv and the development of hph via functional activation and up-regulation of trpc6 channels.
targeting notch regulation of trpc6 will be beneficial in the development of novel therapies for pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxia.
however , whether higher order cognition might in fact lead to a more resilient brain has not been quantitatively demonstrated yet.
there is , however , a lack of clinical practice guidelines about how to respond to these situations.
after eliminating duplicate entries , the medical articles that remained were screened to narrow the sets of articles to those that met specific criteria.
lower respiratory tract infections ( lrtis ) are a major cause of morbidity in children.
dna methylation provides a mechanism for transmitting environmental effects on the genome , but its potential role in lrtis is not well studied.
cases were identified as children who developed ≥2 episodes of physician-recorded lrtis during the first year of life and controls as children who had none.
adjustment for gestational age in the replication set had no influence on the results.
objective : to investigate whether otolith function ( saccular and utricular ) is associated with walking performance.
study design : cross-sectional analysis of observational data collected in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
setting : national institute on aging intramural research program clinical research unit at harbor hospital , baltimore , maryland.
patients : community-dwelling participants.
intervention ( s ) : cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ( vemps ) were used to assess saccular and utricular function , respectively.
greater cervical vemp latency was associated with slower usual , rapid , and narrow gait speed in women but faster rapid gait speed in men.
neither the amplitude nor latency of ocular vemp was associated with gait speed in men or women.
conclusion : these findings suggest that age-related slowing of gait speed is in part mediated by the decreased magnitude of saccular response associated with age.
the sex-related differential association between saccular response latency and gait speed requires further study.
purpose of review : to review the current evidence in diagnosing olfactory disorders and suggest an algorithmic approach to patients with relevant complaints.
recent findings : new literature suggests that the incidence of olfactory loss increases with age.
age-associated olfactory loss is often multifactorial and requires careful history and physical exam.
prediction of olfactory improvement in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) is difficult with variable results from different studies.
olfactory training is suggested to be an emerging modality in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss.
summary : there is no standard treatment for olfactory loss.
each patient must be approached individually based on the suspected cause.
patients with crs may require medical management and surgical treatment for alleviation of their olfactory dysfunction.
blood was collected for analysis of 25 ( oh ) d by high-performance liquid chromatography.
participants provided self-report regarding knee oa pain and underwent a lower extremity functional performance test.
it may be that the pleiotropic role of biologically active 25 ( oh ) d influences pain and pain processing through peripheral and central mechanisms.
hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) are responsible for the continuous regeneration of all types of blood cells , including themselves.
to ensure the functional and genomic integrity of blood tissue , a network of regulatory pathways tightly controls the proliferative status of hscs.
nevertheless , normal hsc aging is associated with a noticeable decline in regenerative potential and possible changes in other functions.
myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) is an age-associated hematopoietic malignancy , characterized by abnormal blood cell maturation and a high propensity for leukemic transformation.
it is furthermore thought to originate in a hsc and to be associated with the accrual of multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations.
this raises the question whether mds is , in part , related to an inability to adequately cope with dna damage.
here we discuss the various components of the cellular response to dna damage.
since the final decades of the last century , twin studies have made a remarkable contribution to the genetics of human complex traits and diseases.
epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the expression of genes and can be influenced by both the quality and quantity of diet.
regulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to have notable influences on the formation and progression of various neoplasms.
caloric restriction ( cr ) can also play a crucial role in aging and cancer.
reductions in caloric intake have been shown to increase both the life- and health-span in a variety of animal models.
moreover , restriction of glucose has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
a diet rich in compounds such as genistein , sfn and egcg can positively modulate the epigenome and lead to many health benefits.
also , reducing the quantity of calories and glucose in the diet can confer an increased health-span , including reduced cancer incidence.
background : few facelift methods are designed specifically for asian patients.
because of their characteristic thick skin and flat , wide facial geometry , satisfactory facelift results can be difficult to achieve in these patients.
methods : fifty-three patients underwent this facelift procedure.
the indication for surgery was typical sagging of the face associated with aging ; the relative contraindications were previous facelift and severe facial atrophy.
results : mean patient age was @number@ years.
patients received follow-up for a mean of @number@ months.
in all cases , improvement was seen in soft-tissue sagging of the midface and lower face.
one patient experienced unilateral temporal nerve injury , @number@ experienced hematoma , and @number@ had wound dehiscence.
conclusions : understanding surgical anatomy including facial layers , spaces , and retaining ligaments is crucial for stable application of facelift techniques in asian patients.
we used electroencephalography and evaluated resting-state intracranial functional connectivity between the left arc and dlpfc in a sample of musicians with and without ap.
results demonstrate significantly increased left-hemispheric theta phase synchronization in ap compared with non-ap musicians.
within the ap group , this specific electrophysiological marker was predictive of absolute-hearing behavior and explained ∼30% of variance.
age-associated decline in organ function governs life span.
we determined the effect of aging on lung function and cellular / molecular changes of 8- to 32-month old mice.
the excess of matrix proteins deposition was associated modestly with the activation of myofibroblasts and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway.
together these data indicate that cellular senescence significantly contributes to the extracellular matrix changes associated with aging in a mtor 1-dependent mechanism.
we attempted to compare the effectiveness of hiv treatment delivered at community versus hospital care settings.
multivariate mixed effects logistic regression controlling for potential confounding variables was applied to account for clustering effects of study sites.
conclusion : antiretroviral therapy can be delivered effectively through community-based treatment settings.
premature senescence is an important event during diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) progression.
similarly , these phenomena were also observed in cultured mouse rtecs following age treatment.
interestingly , age-induced p16 expression and premature senescence were successfully attenuated by er stress inhibitor and atf4 gene silencing.
moreover , age-induced premature senescence was mimicked by er stress inducers and atf4 overexpression , while suppressed by p16 gene silencing.
in addition , er stress inducers can augment atf4 expression.
therefore , our results demonstrate that the er stress-regulated atf4 / p16 pathway is involved in the premature senescence of rtecs during dn progression.
there is a relationship between high levels of inflammatory markers and low adhesion to the practice of physical activity in the older population.
training lasted @number@ weeks , with sessions held three times a week.
blood samples were collected before training and @number@ h after completion of the @number@ sessions for the determination of serum il-6 and tnf-α levels.
body mass index was obtained before and after @number@ weeks.
concluding , both types of training were effective in reducing bmi values in hypertensive older subjects.
aerobic exercise produced the reduction of plasma il-6 levels.
as the population steadily ages , dementia , in all its forms , remains a great societal challenge.
yet , our knowledge of their etiology remains rather limited.
moreover , we discuss the overlap in major underlying pathologies of dementia derived from their genetic associations.
precise reversions of the mutation lead to the restoration of the lifespan specific to control females.
in mutant unmated females , increased lifespan was associated with elevated locomotion at older ages , indicating slowed aging.
in mutant mated females , reproduction was decreased compared to controls , indicating a lack of tradeoff between this trait and lifespan.
the amount of shuttle craft transcript appeared to be substantially decreased in mutant embryos.
we hypothesize that this \ "carry-over \ " effect might be the result of transcription regulation in embryos.
objective : to recognize relationship of protein related neurodegeneration abnormal aggregation in the aged brains with their cognitive and motor functions.
in addition , aβ positive cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) , neuritic plaques and various ubiquitin positive structures were also observed.
the relationship of these protein abnormal depositions in the aged brains with cognitive and motor functions were analyzed.
there were @number@ cases with α-synuclein positive lewy bodies in the brainstem , and all of these cases presented parkinsonian motor dysfunction.
@number@ cases with ubiquitin positive structures were found.
vascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
vascular repair , essential for tissue maintenance , is critically reduced during vascular disease and aging.
efficient vascular repair requires functional adult stem cells unimpaired by aging or mutation.
progerin expression affects tissues rich in cells that can be derived from marrow stromal cells ( mscs.
studies using various msc subpopulations and models have led to discrepant results.
one potential treatment , farnesyltransferase inhibitor , ameliorates some of these effects.
in the elderly , major complaints include dizziness and an increasing number of falls , possibly related to an altered processing of vestibular sensory input.
in this study , we therefore investigate age-related changes induced by processing of vestibular sensory stimulation.
we tested for age-associated changes unrelated to vestibular processing , using a motor paradigm , voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging.
this allows us to control for general age-related modifications , possibly originating from vascular , atrophic or structural connectivity changes.
age-correlated decreases of functional connectivity and increases of bold signal variability were associated with multisensory vestibular networks.
in contrast , no age-related functional connectivity changes were detected in somatosensory networks or during the motor paradigm.
the functional connectivity decrease was not due to structural changes but to a decrease in response amplitude.
in aged ipscs we have also found an altered expression of genes relevant to mitochondria biogenesis.
our work suggests to deepen the understanding of the ipscs biology before considering their use in clinical applications.
background : elderly people , particularly those with dementia , are sensitive to adverse anticholinergic drug effects.
anticholinergic load was determined for each patient using the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) .
approximately @percent@ of the dementia group and @percent@ of the non-dementia group were receiving at least one anticholinergic drug.
conclusions : there is considerable scope for the improvement of prescribing practices in the elderly , and particularly those with dementia.
importantly , level @number@ anticholinergics have been identified as major contributors to the anticholinergic load in people with dementia.
longitudinal studies are required to determine the effects of increased and decreased anticholinergic load on cognitive function and other clinical outcomes for people with dementia.
however , literature on neuromuscular activation and associated spine and hip kinematics in older individuals is sparse.
the associated lumbar extensor muscle activity was derived from measurements at standing , half , and maximum flexion positions.
statistical calculations were performed using a permutation anova with bootstrap confidence intervals.
older males displayed smaller gross trunk range of motion from standing to maximum flexion than any other group.
measurement results from healthy young and middle age individuals should not be used for the assessment of individuals older than @number@ years of age.
group ii was stimulated according to the international standard protocol via rhtsh injections for two consecutive days.
day @number@ tsh was found to be influenced by gfr ( group ii ) .
conclusion : age and anthropometric parameters have significant independent influence on tsh concentrations after rhtsh injection in both groups.
anthropometric parameters ( bsa , lbm ) and demographic parameters ( female gender ) show strong influence on tsh concentrations.
further research should be conducted to examine the influence of body compartments on tsh levels through measuring total body water.
purpose : measurement of diurnal choroidal thickness in healthy eyes to investigate thickness variations.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy eyes in @number@ subjects were examined at @number@ predefined times within @number@ h.
for statistical analyses the mean value was calculated.
results : the mean choroidal thickness was @number@ ± @number@ µm.
choroidal thickness changes from baseline ranged between - @number@ µm and + @number@ µm.
due to the large diversity in the individual diurnal fluctuations , a significant diurnal variation of choroidal thickness was not observed.
there was a significant negative correlation between age and choroidal thickness.
conclusions : in this study a significant diurnal variation of choroidal thickness was not observed.
patient age correlated negatively with choroidal thickness.
with the aging of the population worldwide , osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are becoming a serious health care issue in the western world.
although less frequent than in women , osteoporosis in men is a relatively common problem.
hip and vertebral fractures are particularly relevant , being associated with significant mortality and disability.
however , the key question is whether men are expected to respond differently to osteoporosis therapies than women.
in conclusion , sufficient data exist to support the use of these pharmacological agents in men with primary osteoporosis.
further rcts are warranted to establish their long-term efficacy and safety.
the medical research council ( mrc ) provides a framework for a systematic step-wise approach to the evaluation of complex interventions.
this study describes the development phase of the individual cognitive stimulation therapy ( icst ) for dementia trial , within this framework.
finally , phase ii field testing of the intervention was carried out.
a phase iii rct is currently being conducted to determine the effectiveness of icst.
background : prostatic enlargement is a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in men in nigeria.
malignant enlargements must be differentiated from benign enlargements for adequate treatment of each patient.
methods : the case notes of patients attended to from @date@ to @date@ were analyzed.
results : the relationship between age , findings on digital rectal examination , serum tpsa , abdominopelvic ultrasonography report , and histology are compared.
conclusion : in nigerian patients with symptomatic prostate enlargement , serum tpsa should be seen as a continuum with increasing risk of prostate malignancy.
clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed and compared.
conclusion : results suggest that early-stage copd may have an impact on the lv diastolic function.
severe copd mainly affected right ventricular function.
in hospitalized elderly patients with copd , lv diastolic dysfunction should be taken into account together with right ventricular function.
introduction : fibromyalgia syndrome ( fms ) is a multi-factorial disease involving physiological as well as psychological factors.
the aim of the study was to investigate a multidisciplinary inpatient treatment with emphasis on hyperthermia therapy by patients with widespread pain.
materials and methods : the study involved @number@ patients suffering from severely progressive fms.
a convenience sample and a prospective cohort design were used.
the patients were treated in an acute hospital focusing on rheumatologic pain therapy and multidisciplinary complementary medicine.
one patient group was treated with inclusion of hyperthermia therapy and the other group without.
the therapy density ( number of performed therapies per patient ) was determined for every patient.
functional capacity improved for the cg and the hg.
on discharge , there was a significant difference between the two groups ( functional capacity , p = 0.039 ) .
the inpatient therapy of patients with severely progressive fibromyalgia is characterized by a high frequency of therapy input.
conclusion : fms , especially with severe progression and a high degree of chronification , demands a multidisciplinary approach.
in addition to the use of complementary medical procedures , integration of hyperthermia in the treatment process is a useful option.
the assessment of health-related quality of life was also performed.
patients and methods : the research subjects were patients attending the clinic of geriatrics : @number@ women and @number@ men ; @number@ persons in total.
results : the results showed that the majority of respondents achieved high and medium levels of functional capability.
the general deficit in fulfilling the needs of the patients was low.
conclusion : good daily functioning of elderly patients significantly depended on their intellectual and mental efficiency.
elderly patients require a comprehensive , holistic approach to a variety of problems that occur with aging.
background : n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( nt-probnp ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac insufficiency , which possibly leads to heart failure.
however , the relationship between resting heart rate and nt-probnp is unclear.
objective : this study focuses on this relativity between resting heart rate and plasma nt-probnp levels in a surveyed community-based population.
the present study aims to examine the unique contribution of food insufficiency in childhood to dementia in old age.
the geriatric mental state-automated geriatric examination for computer assisted taxonomy was used to measure dementia.
it is , therefore , suggested that older adults with childhood food insufficiency might be targeted for programs designed to prevent dementia.
objective : the recognition of the limits between normal and pathological aging is essential to start preventive actions.
cluster and discriminant analysis were applied to all neuropsychological test results to distinguish possible subgroups inside each age group.
results : significant differences in the performance of aged and young adults were detected in both language and visuospatial memory tests.
methods : thirty elderly individuals affected by stroke in chronic phase participated.
nearly @percent@ of americans will have an operation after the age of @number@ years.
a brief overview of the literature on anesthetic techniques that may influence geriatric-related syndromes is also presented.
purpose : chronic pain is highly prevalent in older adults.
increasing evidence indicates strong opioids as a valid option for chronic pain management in geriatrics.
the aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of low-dose oral prolonged-release oxycodone-naloxone ( oxn-pr ) in patients aged ≥70 years.
methods : this open-label prospective study assessed older patients naïve to strong opioids presenting with moderate-to-severe chronic pain.
patients were prescribed oxn-pr at an initial dose of @date@ mg / day for @number@ days.
in case of insufficient analgesia , the initial daily dose could be increased gradually.
changes in cognitive state , daily functioning , quality of life , constipation , and other adverse events were assessed.
results : of @number@ patients enrolled ( mean @number@.7±6.2 years [ range 70-92 years ] ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed the 28-day observation.
oxn-pr was also associated with significant improvement in daily functioning ( barthel index from @number@.3±14.1 to @number@.3±14.3 ; p < 0.01 ) .
no changes were observed in cognitive status and bowel function.
oxn-pr was well tolerated ; only one patient ( @percent@ ) prematurely withdrew from treatment , due to drowsiness.
in this study , we tested whether repeated doses of hucb mncs would be more beneficial than a single dose of cells.
an additional control group of wild-type mice was also used.
these data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of hucb mncs can be enhanced by repeated cell administrations.
demographic and clinical data were obtained at baseline , and social support measures were administered at baseline and at @number@ weeks.
statistical analysis was carried out using general linear mixed models , taking into account variances associated with time of assessments and with patients.
participants completed approximately @percent@ of the daily measurements requested.
over the past several decades , the world and most countries have undergone unprecedented demographic change.
this paper summarizes past trends and projections in fertility and population.
these trends have important implications for human welfare and are of interest to policy makers.
the conclusion comments briefly on policy options to address these adverse trends.
objective : the longitudinal trajectories that individuals may take from a state of normal cognition to hiv-associated dementia are unknown.
mmtms allow the data to identify canonical pathways and to model the effects of risk factors on an individual's ' closeness ' to these trajectories.
cognitive function may be influenced by education , socioeconomic status , sex , and health status.
furthermore , aging interacts with these factors to influence cognition and dementia risk in late life.
factors that may increase or decrease successful cognitive aging are of critical importance , particularly if they are modifiable.
the purpose of this study was to determine if economic status in late life is associated with cognition independent of socioeconomic status in early life.
our findings suggest that current economic status is independently associated with cognitive function in adults over age @number@ years.
proteins and amino acids are widely considered to be subcomponents in nutritional support.
understanding the optimal amount of protein intake during nutritional support is therefore fundamental to appropriate clinical care.
although the body adapts in some ways to starvation , metabolic stress in patients causes increased protein turnover and loss of lean body mass.
studies identifying optimal dosing for proteins and amino acids are not currently available.
we discuss the challenges physicians face in administering the optimal amount of protein and amino acids.
we present protein-related nutrition concepts , including adaptation to starvation and stress , anabolic resistance , and potential adverse effects of amino acid provision.
we describe the methods for assessment of protein status , and outcomes related to protein nutritional support for critically ill patients.
additional research is urgently needed to address these issues.
background : the role of eating frequency on relative weight in childhood is not well understood.
methods : eating frequency , the average number of reported daily eating occasions , was assessed using two weekday 24-h diet recalls.
bmiz was measured at baseline , @number@ months and @number@ year in @number@ urban schoolchildren , ages 9-15 years.
multiple linear regression models were used.
this relationship was no longer statistically significant at @number@ year ( regression coefficient = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : the findings suggest that the relationship of eating frequency with bmiz differs from that of change in bmiz.
controlled trials are needed to further clarify this relationship.
the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) is estimated to live over @number@ years and is possibly the longest-living mammal.
these animals should possess protective molecular adaptations relevant to age-related diseases , particularly cancer.
here , we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the bowhead whale genome and two transcriptomes from different populations.
our analysis identifies genes under positive selection and bowhead-specific mutations in genes linked to cancer and aging.
in addition , we identify gene gain and loss involving genes associated with dna repair , cell-cycle regulation , cancer , and aging.
our results expand our understanding of the evolution of mammalian longevity and suggest possible players involved in adaptive genetic changes conferring cancer resistance.
we also found potentially relevant changes in genes related to additional processes , including thermoregulation , sensory perception , dietary adaptations , and immune response.
our data are made available online ( @url@ to facilitate research in this long-lived species.
screening for hla-b5701 to avoid abacavir hypersensitivity reactions has become a routine part of clinical care , and has markedly improved drug safety.
summary : pharmacogenetic knowledge has already had considerable impact on antiretroviral prescribing.
this could be due to a variety of confounding genetic and lifestyle factors , and in particular to ill-defined and low levels of physical activity.
significant associations between age and function were observed for many functions.
the data suggest that the relationship between human ageing and physiological function is highly individualistic and modified by inactivity.
this is probably due to a number of confounding factors , particularly in studies of a cross-sectional nature.
significant associations between age and function were observed for many functions.
to promote continuity of care for these persons after moving to a nursing home , a transfer intervention was developed.
the aim of this explorative study was to evaluate this intervention and its implementation.
method : a qualitative explorative study design was used.
data were collected in @number@ and @number@
the timing of the intervention could be improved by scheduling it immediately after the move.
it is well-known that aging is the most risk factor for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
recent studies have demonstrated that human telomerase is associated with pathological mechanisms of ad.
the β-sheet structures were essential for aβ-induced telomerase inhibition.
we also identified that intracellular aβ localized at telomere , and induced cell senescence and telomere shortening.
our work may offer a new clue to a better understanding of aging and ad.
background : dermal fillers have continuingly been under development to increase safety , efficacy , and longevity.
efficacy was evaluated based on the wrinkle severity rating scale and global aesthetic improvement scale.
both products were found to be equally safe and well tolerated.
conclusion : our results suggest that pcl-based dermal fillers offer longer-lasting performance over nasha-based dermal fillers in nlfs treatment.
age-dependent tissue decline and increased cancer incidence are widely accepted to be rate-limited by the accumulation of somatic mutations over time.
our results are also consistent with evolutionary models of aging and thus oppose both somatic mutation-centric paradigms of carcinogenesis and tissue functional decline.
in total , we demonstrate that aging directly promotes hsc fitness decline and somatic evolution via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms.
organic anion-transporting polypeptide ( oatp ) 1b1 , oatp1b3 , and oatp2b1 transporters play an important role in hepatic drug disposition.
recently , an increasing number of studies have reported proteomic expression data for oatp transporters.
however , systematic analysis and understanding of the actual differences in oatp expression between liver tissue and commonly used cellular systems is lacking.
the rank order in average expression in liver tissue and cellular systems was oatp1b1 > oatp1b3 ≈ oatp2b1.
a significant weak correlation was noted between oatp1b1 abundance and age of human donors , whereas expression of the oatps investigated was independent of sex.
implications of the current analysis on the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of transporter-mediated drug disposition using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are discussed.
this model is then validated against the large population-based prospective maastricht aging study dataset.
the system ( raas ) is an enzymatic cascade functioning in a paracrine and autocrine fashion.
in animals and humans , raas intrinsic to tissues modulates food intake , metabolic rate , adiposity , insulin sensitivity , and insulin secretion.
a large array of observations shows that dysregulation of raas in the metabolic syndrome favors type @number@ diabetes.
these drugs interrupt the negative feedback loop of ang ii on the raas cascade , which results in increased production of angiotensins.
in addition , they change the tissue expression of raas components.
therefore , the concept of a dual axis of raas regarding glucose homeostasis has emerged.
the raas deleterious axis increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and raises oxidative stress , exacerbating the insulin resistance and decreasing insulin secretion.
the beneficial axis promotes adipogenesis , blocks the production of inflammatory cytokines , and lowers oxidative stress , thereby improving insulin sensitivity and secretion.
currently , drugs targeting raas are not given for the purpose of preventing diabetes in humans.
high-resolution phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging can now assess flow in proximal and distal cerebral arteries.
forty-nine healthy young ( mean @number@ years ) and @number@ elderly ( mean @number@ years ) individuals were included.
blood flow rate ( bfr ) in @number@ intra- and extracerebral arteries was measured.
total cerebral blood flow was defined as bfr in the internal carotid plus vertebral arteries and mean cerebral perfusion as tcbf / brain volume.
carotid / vertebral distribution was 72% / 28% and was not related to age , sex , or brain volume.
deviating distributions were observed in subjects with ' fetal ' pca.
blood flow rate in cerebral arteries decreased with increasing age ( p < 0.05 ) but not in extracerebral arteries.
telomere shortening occurs with human aging in many organs and tissues and is accelerated by rapid cell turnover and oxidative injury.
gastric biopsies were obtained from @number@ cancer-free subjects including @number@ chronic nsaid users and @number@ nonusers.
relative telomere length in genomic dna was measured by real-time pcr.
h. pylori infection status , histological severity of gastritis , and serum pepsinogens ( pgs ) were also investigated.
e-cadherin ( cdh1 ) methylation status was determined by methylation-specific pcr ( msp ) .
in h. pylori-negative subjects , nsaid users presented significantly shorter telomere length than nonusers ( p = @number@ ) .
shorter telomere length was observed in duodenal and gastric ulcer patients compared with non-ulcer subjects among nsaid users.
telomere shortening is closely associated with severity of h. pylori-induced gastritis and cdh1 methylation status.
also , telomere shortening is accelerated by nsaid usage especially in h. pylori-negative subjects.
the average salt intake in the netherlands is well above the nationally recommended maximum intake of @number@ grams per day.
this strategy would not only be beneficial for improved blood pressure control but would also contribute to the general prevention of non-communicable diseases.
even at cbl levels ⩾800 pg / ml , mma values were increased in @percent@ of elderly subjects with at least one oxidant risk.
hcys values were also higher in both age groups when at least two oxidant risks were present.
thus , current approaches to recognizing and managing this disorder may be inadequate.
neurotrophins are important neurotrophic factors involved in the survival , differentiation and function of a wide variety of neuron populations.
this suggests that the balance between the levels of proneurotrophin and neurotrophin must be tightly controlled.
once cleaved , p75ntricd recruits two intracellular interactors , nrif and traf6 , which allows nrif phosphorylation by jnk.
the phosphorylated form of nrif then translocates to the nucleus and induces the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins.
some of these functions undergo daily variations , such as temperature or water loss , suggesting the presence of time-keeping mechanisms.
together , these findings demonstrate that skin contains a self-sustained circadian clock undergoing age-dependent changes.
as a result peripheral cytokines penetrate into the brain where they begin to perform new functions.
knee pain is a frequent complaint in ambulatory practice.
because of its complexity , the knee is prone to trauma , arthritis and the impact of aging.
in most cases the clinical examination can identify the type of pathology.
conservative treatment is beneficial in most cases and physiotherapy a major component of the prognosis.
methods : our population is represented by a cohort of @number@ patients undergoing coronary angiography.
elderly were defined according to age ≥ @number@ years.
mpv was measured at admission.
results : a total of @number@ out of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were ≥ @number@ years old.
this study analyzed the household data collected in face-to-face interviews from january to march of @number@ in six major indian cities.
it was revealed that widow discrimination does not prevail across the nation.
previous studies indicated that blind and visually impaired people are a group with greater risk of falls.
postmenopausal changes significantly decrease physical efficiency and impair the body's mechanisms for maintaining postural stability.
in addition , the frequency of falls among women is much higher than in men.
visually impaired women from group e showed a lower level of postural stability measured with eo compared to the healthy women.
thus far it is not well understood why adhd and depression are so strongly interrelated.
one factor that may play a role in older adults with adhd is an increased risk of experiencing adverse life events.
methods : six year follow-up data were used from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
to diagnose adhd , the diva @number@ a diagnostic interview was administered among a subsample ( n = 230 , age 60-94 ) .
in addition to the adhd diagnosis , the associations between the number of adhd symptoms , depressive symptoms and adverse life events were examined.
data were analyzed by means of logistic and linear regression analyses.
results : compared to older adults without adhd , those with adhd reported more serious conflicts.
the risk of depression in older adults with adhd was partly explained by serious conflicts.
furthermore , the association between adhd severity and depression was stronger in those who experienced serious conflicts and those who experienced more adverse life events.
conclusions : having conflicts with others and accumulation of adverse life events over time partly explained the association between adhd and depression.
better and earlier treatment of adhd may prevent the development of depression in the presence of life events associated with adhd.
in this study , we evaluated the effect of precueing characteristics of an impending perturbation to upright stance on reactive responses of distal leg muscles.
directions of the supporting platform rotation were randomized across trials.
those effects were similar between age groups.
our findings suggest that awareness of the perturbation time favored shorter response latencies in both the young and older individuals.
the first part of the study examined what the relatedness needs korean elderly have in close relationships ( spouse , children , friends ) are.
the most salient needs were \ "love and care \ " for spouse and \ "contact and often meeting \ " for children and friends.
regression analyses showed that the difference between expectation and satisfaction of relatedness needs for spouse and children significantly predicted subjective well-being and depression.
finally , gender differences are discussed in terms of the patriarchal culture of korean society.
the frequency of trips outdoors is a strong indicator of older adults ' physical activity levels.
interview transcripts were analyzed through directed and summative content analysis employing the ecological model framework.
some personal-level determinants ( age-related barriers ) and environment-level factors ( car dependence , bus services ) were shared across samples.
urban participants used and valued recreational facilities , but rural participants did not report them as important in determining trips outdoors.
strategies to improve public transport and minimize age-related barriers may translate from urban to rural contexts.
however , social and / or physical environment interventions could be more effective if they were rural-grounded , not urban-translated.
these long-lived bms permit the rapid regrowth of tumour vasculature upon treatment cessation and promote resistance to vegf-targeting drugs.
previous attempts at removing bms have failed.
angiopoietin-2 ( ang2 ) is a vascular destabilizing factor that antagonises normalisation.
results : dual targeting of vegf and ang2 achieved effective normalisation at only one-tenth of the dose required with bevacizumab alone.
conclusions : dual targeting of vegf and ang2 can potentiate the effectiveness of vegf inhibitors and avoid the formation of empty bms.
we studied a sample of @number@ women between @number@ and @number@ years old.
of @number@ participants assessed ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ female ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed the six-month intervention.
twenty six percent of participants regained balance performance within normal limits similar to those achieved in the previous rct.
successful results from a previous rct were able to be translated into community settings , with a similar magnitude of effect on balance and mobility.
professionals mainly recognized the societal impacts of counteraction of aging , prevention of disease and social justice.
the ' soft ' sides of these impacts were hardly mentioned.
this is important as they can co-shape the societal impacts during the developmental process of technologies and thereby stimulate responsible innovation.
hermeneutic phenomenology underpinned the study's interpretive research approach.
in-depth , semistructured interviews were conducted in two sessions with nine postmenopausal women.
the participants were asked to draw a picture about their lived experiences of urinary incontinence in a self-portrait.
discussion of these themes was presented , and practice and research implications were suggested.
objectives : to compare muscle strength and physical performance among subjects with and without sarcopenia of different definitions.
design : a population-based cross-sectional study.
participants : @number@ community residents aged @number@ years or older.
methods : sarcopenia was defined according to the european working group of sarcopenia in older people consensus criteria.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measured lean soft tissue mass.
sarcopenic participants with low height-adjusted or weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index ( smi ) were classified as having h-sarcopenia or w-sarcopenia , respectively.
combined sarcopenia ( c-sarcopenia ) was defined as having either h- or w-sarcopenia.
the strength of five muscle groups was measured.
participants with c-sarcopenia had poorer performance in all physical performance tests , whereas h-sarcopenia and w-sarcopenia were associated with poor performance in four tests.
conclusion : subjects with h- and w-sarcopenia differ significantly in terms of obesity indicators.
combining height- and weight-adjusted smis can be a feasible method to define sarcopenia.
some age-related neurodegenerative diseases have an etiology that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
we found that impaired mitochondria in ipf and aging lungs were associated with low expression of pten-induced putative kinase @number@ ( pink1 ) .
knockdown of pink1 expression in lung epithelial cells resulted in mitochondria depolarization and expression of profibrotic factors.
moreover , young pink1-deficient mice developed similarly dysmorphic , dysfunctional mitochondria in the aeciis and were vulnerable to apoptosis and development of lung fibrosis.
our data indicate that pink1 deficiency results in swollen , dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy , and promotes fibrosis in the aging lung.
evidence-based recommendations for interventions to reduce fall risk in older adults with visual impairment are lacking.
participants were assigned to tango or fallproof to complete twenty , 90-min lessons within @number@ weeks.
participants underwent assessment of balance , dual-tasking , endurance , gait , and vision-related qol.
the balance reactions of participants in both groups improved ( p < @number@ ) .
endurance , cognitive dual-tasking , and vision-related qol may have improved more for tango than fallproof.
group differences and gains were maintained across time.
relative to younger adults , older adults exhibited reductions in wm capacity and in mpfc-dlpfc anticorrelations.
within younger adults , greater mpfc-dlpfc anticorrelation at rest correlated with greater wm capacity.
the epigenome , consisting of chromatin and its modifications , acts as a link between the inherited genome and the changes imposed by the environment.
aim : to investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( ceus ) findings in portal venous system aneurysms ( pvsas ) .
three ultrasound centers were involved ( chieti , italy , bad mergentheim , germany , and cluj-napoca , romania ) .
the examinations were performed using multifrequency transducers and low mechanical index.
results : after contrast agent injection , all pvsas were not enhanced in the arterial phase ( starting 8-22 s ) .
ceus also improved the delineation of the lumen , and was reliable in showing its patency degree and integrity of walls.
conclusion : in our case series , we found that ceus could be useful in the assessment and follow-up of a pvsa.
further studies are needed to validate its diagnostic accuracy.
osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and represents one of the most common diseases worldwide.
in the late stages of the disease , surgical interventions are often necessary to partially restore joint function.
we describe different in vitro and in vivo systems that can be used to study molecules , pathways and cells that are involved in osteoarthritis.
with worldwide expansion of the aging population , research on age-related pathologies is receiving growing interest.
nearly every aspect of skin biology is affected by aging.
the self-renewing capability of the epidermis , which provides vital barrier function , is diminished with age.
vital thermoregulation function of eccrine sweat glands is also altered with age.
aging also affects wound repair , pigmentation , innervation , immunity , vasculature , and subcutaneous fat homeostasis.
altogether , age-related alterations of skin lead to age-related skin fragility and diseases.
we performed whole-exome sequencing ( wes ) in two affected individuals from the 2p23-p16-linked macom family , which includes @number@ affected individuals in @number@ generations.
quantitative pcr ( qpcr ) analysis confirmed the deletion , which was present in @number@ affected individuals.
split-read analysis of wes data followed by breakpoint pcr and sanger sequencing determined both breakpoints flanked by a 4-bp microhomology ( cttg ) .
in the mouse , crim1 is a growth-factor-binding protein with pleiotropic roles in the development of multiple organs , including the eye.
taken together , these findings identify crim1 as the causative gene for macom syndrome and emphasize the importance of crim1 in eye development.
for older americans , accessing high-quality care can be a challenge.
for those in rural communities , it's even harder.
transmission of dengue virus ( denv ) from mosquito to human is dependent upon the survival of the mosquito beyond the virus extrinsic incubation period.
previous studies report conflicting results of the effects of denv on aedes aegypti survival.
subgroup analysis also did not reveal serotype-dependent differences in survival , nor a relationship between survival and human plasma viremia levels.
these results suggest that denv infection adds minimal cost to ae. aegypti , an important finding when parameterizing the vector competence of this mosquito.
rna polymerase iii ( pol iii ) synthesizes trnas and other small noncoding rnas to regulate protein synthesis.
whole-exome sequencing revealed biallelic missense alterations of brf1 in three families.
brf1 associates with bdp1 and tbp to form the transcription factor iiib ( tfiiib ) , which recruits pol iii to target genes.
we show that disease-causing mutations reduce brf1 occupancy at trna target genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae and impair cell growth.
moreover , brf1 mutations reduce pol iii-related transcription activity in vitro.
even with advancements in pre- and post-harvest food safety , shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli ( stec ) still present challenges to human health.
since cattle are the primary reservoir for stec , lowering the prevalence of this pathogen in farm animals may reduce stec outbreaks in humans.
during the first year of sample collection , heifers had significantly lower stec prevalence than cows ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
the results from this study indicate that animal age is a significant factor that influences the prevalence of stec in cattle.
background : borderline personality disorder ( bpd ) is a chronic condition with a strong impact on patients ' affective , cognitive and social functioning.
neuroimaging techniques offer invaluable tools to understand the biological substrate of the disease.
a few restricted regions of higher density were detected in the right hemisphere.
all regions remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons via permutation testing.
treatment of widespread actinic keratoses ( aks ) and extensive photodamage is a challenge.
with ablative laser systems , the superficial layers of the skin are ablated , including epidermal and superficial dermal actinic damage.
re-epithelialization occurs from uninvolved skin and keratinocytes from follicles.
when using a co2 laser , additional cosmetic improvements are a result of removal and tightening of the photodamaged collagen in the superficial dermis.
the most important risks of this treatment are scarring and dyspigmentation.
this treatment may be combined with topical agents.
existing evidence suggests that both ablative laser resurfacing and fractional laser treatments are effective in reducing aks and photodamage.
although these treatment modalities are widely used and clinical experiences are positive , large comparative studies are remarkably scarce.
still , laser resurfacing has a place in the ( field ) treatment of widespread aks and extensive photodamage.
aims : to assess and compare nutritional status and functional capacity of elderly goers of groups for guided physical activity or for guided recreational activities.
methods : cross-sectional study with @number@ elderly ( @number@ years old or more ) of coexistence groups ( for physical or recreational activities ) .
nutritional status was assessed by the mini nutritional assessment and body mass index.
the study was approved by research ethics committee.
results : were enrolled @number@ elderly in recreational group and @number@ in physical activity group.
most of the sample ( @percent@ ) were female.
the mean age was @number@ years old.
when assessed by mini nutritional assessment , @percent@ was classified as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition , with no difference between groups.
calf circumference was also greater in physical activity group.
muscle strength's mean was @number@ ( iqr : @number@ @number@ ) kg , with significantly higher values among men.
there was no significant variation between age , nutritional status or between groups.
conclusions : this study presented as its main findings that most seniors showed no nutritional risk , with high prevalence of overweight.
introduction : the feeding behavior establishes a relation of humans with food , includes food habits that could be involved with oxidative stress.
method : study observational , descriptive , cross-sectional of @number@ adults with @number@ to @number@ years , was used a instrument of feeding behavior.
the questionnaire were related to indicators of oxidative stress.
were used descriptive statistics , frequency distribution and analysis of covariance with adjustment variables , was considered significant p < 0.05.
this suggests to analyze demographic and socio-cultural aspects of region and besides analyzing the consumption and metabolic markers related to food.
retinoic acid ( ra ) signalling has a central role during vertebrate development.
ra was first implicated in signalling on the basis of its teratogenic effects on limb development.
genetic studies later revealed that endogenous ra promotes forelimb initiation by repressing fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf8 ) .
insights into ra function in the limb serve as a paradigm for understanding how ra regulates other developmental processes.
monoacylglycerol lipase ( magl ) represents a primary degradation enzyme of the endogenous cannabinoid ( ecb ) , 2-arachidonoyglycerol ( 2-ag ) .
this study reports a potent covalent magl inhibitor , sar127303.
the compound behaves as a selective and competitive inhibitor of mouse and human magl , which potently elevates hippocampal levels of 2-ag in mice.
in vivo , sar127303 produces antinociceptive effects in assays of inflammatory and visceral pain.
in addition , the drug alters learning performance in several assays related to episodic , working and spatial memory.
however , the observation that 2-ag hydrolysis blockade alters learning and memory performance , suggests that such drugs may have limited value as therapeutic agents.
design : matched case-control comparison.
setting : academic biomedical imaging laboratory.
measurements : a cross-sectional pqct scan of the non-dominant lower leg was acquired to determine muscle density and area.
basic functional mobility ( timed up and go test [ tug ] ) and sf36 health status were also measured.
muscle area and tug did not differ between fallers and non-fallers.
conclusions : muscle density may serve as a physiological marker in the assessment of lower leg muscular health and fall risk in community-dwelling elderly women.
these results are limited to our study population who were mostly caucasian.
prospective studies are required for verification.
design : a v-shaped performance evaluation matrix is applied to identify the top ten practices that are important but not easy to use or implement.
quality function deployment ( qfd ) is then utilized to find key factors to improve the implementation of the top ten tools.
setting and participants : the questionnaires were sent to the nursing staff and administrators in a hospital through e-mail and posts.
a total of @number@ copies were distributed and @number@ copies were valid.
measurements : the importance , easiness , and achievement ( i.e. , implementation level ) of @number@ quality management practices were used.
design , setting : a one year follow-up project among danish nursing home residents.
participants : a total of @number@ nursing home resident living in @number@ nursing homes.
the difference in mortality between those who died versus survivors was assessed by means of fishers exact test.
results : almost half experienced a loss of weight during the follow-up period.
conclusion : a high percentage of old nursing home residents suffer from weight loss and this is associated with several potentially modifiable nutritional risk factors.
increased combined efforts from all levels of care and wider ranged multidisciplinary nutritional support need to be implemented.
regular routines for assessing weight loss and the potentially modifiable nutritional risk factors cannot be stressed enough.
design : two-arm , single-blind , randomized , controlled trial.
setting : wake forest school of medicine , winston-salem nc @number@ usa.
additional endpoints of feasibility ( accrual , participation , retention , compliance , and safety ) are reported.
although nearly all measures of global and regional body composition were significantly reduced following the 12-week intervention , differences were not observed between groups.
objectives : osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by impaired bone turnover and compromised bone strength , thereby predisposing to increased risk of fracture.
primary endpoints consisted of evaluation of bone turnover markers.
secondary endpoints included bmd measurements and blood lipid profiles.
simultaneously , bmd decreased in the placebo group , while remaining stable in the treatment group.
in addition , improved lipid profiles were observed , with significant decrease in total- and ldl-cholesterol in the treatment group.
moreover , the improved blood lipid profiles suggest additional health benefits associated to the intake of the olive polyphenol extract.
objectives : studies on implementation techniques that focus on nutrition in the setting of elderly care are scarce.
design : a controlled study with baseline and follow-up measurements.
setting : four nhs.
participants : a total of @number@ nh residents.
the eovs performed at the other nhs consisted of one session of three hours of lectures about the guidelines.
both interventions targeted a team of the unit manager , the head nurse , and 5-10 of the care staff.
results : after a median of @number@ months , nutritional parameters ( mna-sf and bmi ) remained unchanged in both groups.
multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the intervention group assignment ( ef ) was independently from other potentially related factors associated with less cognitive decline.
animal studies have found evidence of relationships between dietary iron , calorie and cholesterol intake and brain iron accumulation.
results : overall , @percent@ of the sample that had valid mri ( n = 676 ) had brain ids.
the median total volume of ids was 40mm3 , inter-quartile range ( iqr ) = 196.
basal ganglia ids ( median = 35 , iqr = 159.5 mm3 ) , were found in @percent@ of the sample.
iron , calorie or cholesterol intake were not directly associated with brain ids.
however , caloric intake was associated with ferritin , an iron storage protein ( p = 0.01 ) .
further work is required to corroborate our findings on other samples and investigate the underlying mechanisms of brain iron accumulation.
the brain is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the body.
it has evolved intricate metabolic networks to fulfill this need and utilizes a variety of substrates to generate atp , the universal energy currency.
any disruption in the supply of energy results in various abnormalities including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , a condition with markedly diminished cognitive ability.
astrocytes are an important participant in maintaining the cerebral atp budget.
this leads to globular , glycolytic , lipogenic and atp-deficient astrocytes , cerebral characteristics common in ad patients.
the reversal of these perturbations by such natural metabolites as pyruvate , α-ketoglutarate , acetoacetate and l-carnitine provides valuable therapeutic cues against ad.
cognitive impairments are often related to aging and micronutrient deficiencies.
in this review , we report and discuss the role of micronutrients in cognitive impairment in relation to genomic stability in an aging population.
telomere integrity will also be discussed in relation to aging and cognitive impairment , as well as , the micronutrients related to these events.
micronutrient deficiencies and aging process can lead to genomic instability.
then , the mci group was divided into an amnestic mci ( a-mci ) and a multidomain mci ( md-mci ) group.
all subjects were administered a comprehensive health history to calculate their fsrp score and a thorough neuropsychological assessment of four cognitive domains.
blood samples from all subjects were collected to measure the nutrient biomarkers.
in the a-mci group , only dha concentrations and the ratio of n3 / n6 were significantly lower.
however , we found no evidence that fsrp is an early biomarker of mci.
background : preserving cognitive function is an important public health issue.
we investigated whether dietary pattern associates with cognitive function in middle-age.
further adjustment for physical activity , smoking , education , and body mass index attenuated the association slightly.
diet score at y0 and increase in diet score over @number@ years were also positively associated with each cognitive test.
conclusions : a higher quality dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive function @number@ years and even @number@ years later in apparently healthy middle-aged adults.
objective : few data is available on the nutritional status of old chinese.
the present study aimed to describe the nutritional status and clinical correlates for malnutrition risk in the older people.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : hospital- and community-based older people were recruited in the region of chongqing , china.
participants : @number@ individuals aged @number@ years old or over between @date@ and @date@ .
measurements : comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed and nutritional status was assessed by the mini nutritional assessment short form ( mna-sf ) .
results : the mean age was @number@.1±8.0 years and @percent@ were men.
prevalence of malnutrition and risk for malnutrition were @percent@ and @number@ % , respectively.
several factors increased poor nutrition independently including self-rated health , comorbidity , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , gastrointestinal disease and cognitive impairment.
fish decreased the risk of poor nutrition.
conclusions : the prevalence was relatively low in older people of chongqing , southwest china.
poor nutrition was found to be increased due to the common health problems.
thus the patients with these problems should pay more attention on nutritional status.
the older people should often have fish because of their nutritional benefit.
tricep skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold calliper.
wc , hs , and hs-based ratios ( hs / wt and hs / ffm ) were also associated with independence in iadl.
conclusion : obese very old women have a high wc but their hs is relatively low in relation to their wt and ffm.
these parameters are better than bmi for predicting physical function and independent daily living.
objectives : midlife to older rural women with prehypertension are at increased risk for hypertension and its impact on cardiovascular health with advancing age.
design : survey of baseline dietary intake data of women and comparison to standard recommendations.
setting : rural midwestern united states.
participants : @number@ rural women , age 40-69 , with prehypertension who volunteered for lifestyle modification to reduce blood pressure.
mineral intakes were calculated and compared to recommended standards.
top ten foods contributing to each mineral were identified.
mean intakes of calcium , magnesium and potassium were all below recommended levels and sodium intakes were above recommendation.
conclusion : midlife to older rural us women with prehypertension were eating some of the foods that would help them meet mineral recommendations.
objectives : the relationship between obesity and grip strength , a key indicator of sarcopenia , has been inconsistently reported.
design : cross-sectional study.
grip strength also increased weakly with increasing wc.
abdominal fat is the most metabolically active adipose tissue and this provides a clue to potential mechanisms underlying relationships between fat and skeletal muscle.
additionally , it reinforces the recommendation to measure wc in clinical practice , especially when bmi is below obese ranges.
identifying sensitive diagnostic biomarkers of responsiveness to rt may inform the design of a more efficient exercise regimen to improve muscle strength in older adults.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are small non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression.
mirnas differentially responded to rt ; muscle mir-133b decreased , while all plasma mirnas tended to increase.
older patients with haemophilia ( pwh ) face many challenges related not only to haemophilia but also to general comorbidities associated with ageing.
this article discusses the clinical experience published about the high prevalence of diseases in older pwh.
these conditions are managed in the general population by healthcare workers with little training in haemophilia.
haemophilic arthropathy is common in elderly pwh.
many pwh above this age thus have limitations in their activities of daily life.
cardiovascular diseases have become increasingly common in the growing , ageing cohort of pwh.
lifestyle issues such as sexual dysfunction may be exacerbated by the medical issues and psychological problems associated with haemophilia.
hepatitis c virus is a leading problem in pwh.
coinfection with hiv accelerates the progression to end-stage liver disease.
acute and chronic renal failure is more common in adult pwh than in general population.
other comorbidities are reviewed.
of the dropout mirnas , we found that mir-574-3p expression was downregulated in clinical breast cancer tissues as compared with their paired adjacent tissues.
in addition , anti-mir-574-3p reversed tamoxifen-mediated suppression of mcf-7 cell growth.
interestingly , loss and gain of mir-574-3p function in mcf-7 cells causes cltc to be upregulated and downregulated , respectively.
these results suggest that functional screening mediated by mirna libraries can provide new insights into the genes essential for tamoxifen response in breast cancer.
the field of redox proteomics focuses to a large extent on analyzing cysteine oxidation in proteins under different experimental conditions and states of diseases.
the aim of this study was to evaluate age-related morphological canal changes in mesial root canals of mandibular first molars of known ages.
fifty-six specimens were selected for this study and distributed into the following four age groups ( n.
the specimens were in perfect condition because after extraction they were carefully cleaned , sterilized , identified and stored in water.
after that , a clearing technique was performed to illustrate root canal anatomy.
digitalized images of all samples were obtained by use of a stereomicroscope.
canals were noticeably simpler in older adults : they were sharply defined and narrow , sometimes too narrow.
calcification nuclei were not found and there were only a few remains of internuclear spaces.
the canal system appeared cleaner , clearer and more sharply defined than in the other age groups.
it may be concluded that there is a correlation between aging and morphological changes in the mesial root canals of mandibular first molars.
ethnopharmacological relevance : several species from the genus hippocampus have been widely used as a traditional medicine or invigorant with long history in china.
five species of them have been recorded in chinese pharmacopoeia with name hippocampus ( chinese name haima [ symbol : see text ] ) .
this review focuses on the traditional medicinal uses of hippocampus species , as well as the phytochemical , pharmacological and toxicological studies on this genus.
results : a survey of literature revealed that the major chemical constituents of hippocampus are sterides , essential amino acids , fatty acids and microelements.
the most important function of hippocampus in tcm is invigorating kidney-yang.
this literature analysis of traditional medicinal uses and experimental chemical and pharmacological data of hippocampus provide a scientific basis for future research.
conclusions : hippocampus is a promising traditional medicine and holds great potential for being exploited as healthy products and drugs.
aquaculture and substitutes of hippocampus are valid approaches to protect hippocampus form being endangered species.
vegf inhibitors are a current pharmacological tumoral strategy.
specific variations of vegf genes have been demonstrated to be genetic determinants for susceptibility , outcome and therapy response , especially for the solid tumors.
although hiv and aging are two well-established medical and economic domains , their intersection represents an emerging area of study.
older adults with hiv , who sill comprise @percent@ of the us hiv-infected population by @number@ are disadvantaged as evidenced by disproportionately poorer health outcomes.
this paper establishes the sources of health disparities for hispanics with hiv compared to a match group of non-hispanics with hiv.
the oda analyses shows that hispanics on average have higher levels of declining health and increased depression attributable to the discrimination factor.
background : a close relationship between aging , inflammation , and prostate cancer is widely accepted.
however , the contribution of il-17 to age-related prostate tumorigenesis remains unclear.
the aim of this study was to investigate the role of age-related il-17 dysregulation in prostate tumorigenesis.
results : t-lymphocyte-secreted il-17 from aging-mimic mice induced nf-κb activity and target gene expression in lncap and rwpe-1 cells.
it also promoted proliferation of these cells.
conclusion : aging-mimic t cell mice produce increased levels of il-17 , which stimulates the pro-inflammatory nf-κb pathway in prostate epithelial cells.
nf-κb increases inflammation , carcinogenesis and metastatic potential in the prostate.
stratified random sampling procedures were used to select provider types across five geographic regions in ohio.
data were collected from administrative staff.
findings indicated that annual direct service worker turnover did not significantly vary by provider type ( mean = @percent@ ) .
predictors of turnover related to job burnout , negative social support , and region.
policymakers can promote practices to lower direct service worker turnover such as addressing burnout and increasing support.
the maintenance of the genome is of pivotal importance for the functional integrity of cells and tissues.
the gradual accumulation of dna damage is thought to contribute to the functional decline of tissues and organs with ageing.
defects in multiple genome maintenance systems cause human disorders characterized by cancer susceptibility , developmental failure , and premature ageing.
the complex pathological consequences of genome instability are insufficiently explained by cell-autonomous dna damage responses ( ddr ) alone.
quality control pathways play an important role in dna repair and cellular ddr pathways.
recent years have revealed non-cell autonomous effects of dna damage that impact the physiological adaptations during ageing.
we will discuss the role of quality assurance pathways in cell-autonomous and systemic responses to genome instability.
background and objectives : older women rarely receive post-mastectomy breast reconstruction ( pmbr ) .
methods : women with ajcc stage @date@ breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy were surveyed.
patient-reported outcomes were measured using the duke health profile and the breast-q.
results : the survey response rate was @percent@.
conclusions : older women who undergo pmbr have better breast-related qol outcomes than those who do not.
moreover , the outcomes of pmbr in older women are similar to those seen in younger women.
when appropriate , older women should be encouraged to consider pmbr.
objectives : during the aging process , there is a progressive deficit in the encoding of new information and its retrieval.
different strategies are used in order to maintain , optimize or diminish these deficits in people with and without dementia.
additionally , we aim to identify the most effective form of presenting the related items.
method : pairs of stimuli were shown to healthy elderly people and to patients with moderate and mild alzheimer's disease.
the encoding conditions were as follows : word / word , picture / picture , picture / word , and word / picture.
in this way , the encoding and retrieval deficit can be reduced in these people.
introduction : behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia ( bpsd ) are the principal sources of stress in caregivers.
method : the participants were @number@ family caregivers of people with dementia.
we assessed the frequency and caregiver distress associated with three dimensions of bpsd ( depressive , disruptive and memory problems ) .
no differences in the effects of self-efficacy were found for distress levels of caregivers who dealt with low frequency of bpsd.
also , we did not find a moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relation between the frequency of memory problems and caregivers ' distress.
objective : the association between exposure to stressful life events ( sles ) and late-life depression is well-documented.
however , the role of resilience as a buffer against the adverse mental health effects of sles in late life has not been convincingly demonstrated.
in this paper , the moderating effect of resilience in the relationship between sles and depressive symptomatology in older chinese adults is investigated.
there was a significant interaction of resilience and number of sles on depressive symptomatology ( p = @number@ ) .
there is growing evidence for alterations in iron homeostasis during aging that are exacerbated in neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease.
deferiprone is a blood brain barrier permeable , low molecular weight iron chelator that has been used for many years to treat systemic iron disease.
in addition , we show that both deferiprone and the derivatives modulate several distinct signaling pathways associated with neuroprotection.
these results strongly suggest that these compounds have significant potential for the treatment of cns diseases.
objective : to investigate the frequency and type of criminal behavior among patients with a diagnosed dementing disorder.
patient notes containing specific keywords denoting criminal behavior were reviewed.
data were stratified by criminal behavior type and diagnostic groups.
main outcomes and measures : frequencies of criminal behavior and χ² statistics were calculated.
results : of the @number@ patients studied , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had a history of criminal behavior that emerged during their illness.
the appearance of new-onset criminal behavior in an adult should elicit a search for frontal and anterior temporal brain disease and for dementing disorders.
results : emotional complexity was unrelated to age , but negatively related to feeling closer to death.
moreover , emotional complexity was negatively related to psychological distress among those feeling closer to death.
conclusion : results suggest that when death is perceived to be nearer , emotional complexity is hampered , yet becomes relevant in buffering psychological distress.
objective : the present study examined the impact of bp from childhood to mid-adulthood on retinal microvascular architecture.
measures of retinal microvasculature architecture measured in adulthood included diameters , tortuosity , lengths , and ldr.
conclusions : high bp in childhood and increased bp from childhood to adulthood impacts on retinal microvascular architecture in mid-adulthood.
methods : the study sample consisted of adults from the framingham offspring cohort ( n = @number@ ) .
from @number@ to @number@ @number@ incident doctor-diagnosed obesity-related cancers were identified.
multivariable cox regression models were used to estimate associations between the computed score , its components , and subcomponents in relation to obesity-related cancer risk.
ct was measured from the outer limit of the retinal pigment epithelium to the inner surface of the sclera.
results : the study enrolled @number@ patients , with at least @number@ in each decade between @number@ and @number@ years old.
mean axial length was @number@ mm.
mean heidelberg subfoveal ct was @number@ µm.
the correlation between heidelberg and zeiss subfoveal ct measurements was strong ( r = @number@ ) and significant ( p < @number@ ) .
mean subfoveal ct was @number@ µm thinner by heidelberg versus cirrus ( p < @number@ ) .
increasing axial length demonstrated a negative correlation with ct , decreasing @number@ µm for each mm of axial length.
sarcopenia , the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength , is a phenomenon characterizing human aging whose etiology is still not clear.
imtg accumulate in form of lipid droplets decorated by proteins such as perilipins ( plins ) .
in skeletal muscle the most abundant are plin2 and plin5.
these latter are characterized by a condition of chronic physical inactivity.
plin2 expression resulted higher in old age for both hd and llmi patients , while plin5 slightly decreased only in llmi patients.
an increase in plin2 and a concomitant decrease of plin5 was also observed when we considered animal model of disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
method : a longitudinal , analytic and prospective study was implemented in @number@ residential care homes for seniors.
data were collected using a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire , the rikli and jones senior fitness test , handgrip dynamometry and bioelectric impedance.
the portuguese version of the falls efficacy scale was used for measure fear of falling.
results : fifty-one institutionalized elderly ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) were included.
in average falls occurred @number@ times.
were observed a decrease of self-efficacy to prevent falling , and falls prevalence was @percent@.
data don't highlight significant changes in body composition , however , tend to a muscle mass and bone mineral mass reduction.
prostate cancer ( pca ) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of male cancer death in western nations.
thus , new treatment modalities are urgently needed.
however , the identity of the nox enzyme ( s ) involved in prostate carcinogenesis remains largely unknown.
analysis of radical prostatectomy tissue samples and benign and malignant prostate epithelial cell lines identified nox5 as an abundantly expressed nox isoform.
similar effects were observed upon ros ablation via the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine confirming ros as the mediators.
in addition , nox5 silencing increased apoptosis of pc-3 cells.
concomitantly , protein kinase c zeta ( pkcζ ) protein levels and c-jun n-terminal kinase ( jnk ) phosphorylation were reduced.
moreover , the effect of nox5 knockdown on pc-3 cell proliferation could be mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of jnk.
collectively , these data indicate that nox5 is expressed at functionally relevant levels in the human prostate and clinical pca.
molecular carcinogenesis published by wiley periodicals , inc.
however , there is debate about independent or interactive effects of ɛ4 on aβ-related memory decline in healthy older adults.
cognition was measured using the computerized cogstate brief battery at baseline , 18- , 36- , and 54-month follow-ups.
mini mental state examination and clinical dementia rating scales were also administered at baseline and each follow-up timepoint.
a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in parkinson's disease ( pd ) has identified the rs12456492 variant in rit2 as a new susceptibility loci.
in total , @number@ subjects comprising @number@ pd patients and @number@ control subjects were genotyped.
this study replicates the association between rs12456492 variant and risk of developing pd in a han chinese population.
we measured the t1ρ and t2 values ( ms ) in the regions of interest set on the full-thickness patella cartilage.
then , we analyzed the relationship between the t1ρ and t2 values and the degree of patella cartilage degeneration.
results : there were no significant differences in age among the four groups.
we used whole-exome sequencing to identify variants other than apoe associated with the rate of hippocampal atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
rest is a master regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation that has not been previously implicated in alzheimer's disease.
objectives : exploratory pilot study to determine the correlation between postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms and vaginal cytokine levels.
methods : postmenopausal women ( n = @number@ ) not using menopausal hormone therapy and presenting with or without symptoms of vulvovaginal irritation were screened.
each participant underwent a vaginal examination and screening for vaginitis.
a cervicovaginal lavage ( cvl ) with sterile saline and a peripheral blood sample were obtained.
main outcome measures were assessed by luminex® x-map method on the bio-plex® platform.
cervicovaginal cytokines were adjusted to total protein concentration [ pg / mcg protein ] .
results : twenty-six postmenopausal women were enrolled ( symptomatic : n = @number@ asymptomatic : n = @number@ ) .
conclusions : postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms did not correlate with vaginal inflammatory marker.
there was no difference in serum or cvl cytokines between symptomatic and asymptomatic postmenopasual women.
vaginal symptoms after menopause are not related to the vaginal cytokine changes associated with loss of estrogen.
their results demonstrated that the relationship between confidence and error correction was stronger for younger adults compared with older adults.
overall , confidence was related to error correction for younger adults , but this relationship was much smaller for older adults.
however , prior knowledge was strongly related to error correction for both younger and older adults.
confidence alone played little unique role in error correction after controlling for the role of prior knowledge.
the data showed a gradual increase in the mean age of workers , especially among subjects with restrictions / requirements regarding their job title.
if no preventive / corrective measures are taken , the socio-economnic situation will get worse with economic and social damages.
the concept of stressful cognitive dysfunction , which is under consideration in this review , allows picking out several therapeutic targets.
the cns differs from other organs due to several peculiarities that affect local immune surveillance.
the stress of different origin increases the serum cytokine levels and disrupts bbb.
as a result peripheral cytokines penetrate into the brain where they begin to perform new functions.
in addition owing to bbb disruption dendritic cells and t cells also penetrate into the brain where they take up a perivascular position.
the changes observed in stressed subject may accumulate during repeated episodes of stress forming a picture typical of the aging brain.
moreover long-term stress as well as physiological aging result in hormonal and immunological disturbances including axis depletion , regulatory t-cell accumulation and dehydroepiandrosterone decrease.
many systems essential to ontogenesis become inappropriate in later life , leading to the ageing of cells and loss of regenerative capacity.
ageing tissues are thus increasingly susceptible to chronic diseases associated with ageing.
upon statistical analysis , the elimination of these diseases would bring about only approximately @number@ additional years to the life expectancy.
the structure of the eye and the currently available methods of ophthalmic surgery enable the development work on stem cell transplantations and their clinical implementation.
for example the frequency of occurrence of age-related macular degeneration will increase significantly with the ageing population.
stem cell transplantations are therefore expected to be of considerable significance in the future treatment of ocular diseases.
clearly the farthest advance has been achieved with treatments developed for diseases of the cornea and the retina.
the regeneration of human tissues requires actively dividing tissue-specific stem cells.
these cells are maintained and functionally regulated by a specific microenvironment , the stem cell niche.
the niche provides protection and produces signals that guide stem cell division and differentiation.
problem : ghana's population is ageing.
approach : we applied who's knowledge translation framework on ageing and health to assist evidence based policy-making in ghana.
second , we gathered evidence on effective health systems interventions in low- middle- and high-income countries.
third , key stakeholders were engaged in a policy dialogue.
fourth , policy briefs were developed and presented to the ghana health services.
local setting : ghana has a well-structured health system that can adapt to meet the health care needs of older people.
relevant changes : six problems were selected as priorities , however after the policy dialogue , only five were agreed as priorities by the stakeholders.
the key stakeholders drafted evidence-based policy recommendations that were used to develop policy briefs.
the briefs were presented to the ghana health service in @number@
lessons learnt : the framework can be used to build local capacity on evidence-informed policy-making.
however , knowledge translation tools need further development to be used in low-income countries and in the field of ageing.
the terms and language of the tools need to be adapted to local contexts.
evidence for health system interventions on ageing populations is very limited , particularly for low- and middle-income settings.
triple logistic modeling of longitudinal data was performed to determine patterns of peripubertal and pubertal growth.
results : hydrocortisone dose was similar between subtypes and during all growth periods.
simple-virilizing boys ( p < @number@ ) and girls ( p < @number@ ) were diagnosed later than their salt-wasting counterparts.
bone age at pubertal onset sds was advanced for all patients , but more so for boys and girls with simple-virilizing.
although all patients had reduced final adult height sds , this was more pronounced in patients with salt-wasting.
one major pathologic hallmark and trigger of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is overproduction and accumulation of β-amyloid ( aβ ) species in the brain.
aβ is derived from β-amyloid precursor protein ( app ) through sequential cleavages by β- and γ-secretases.
abnormal copper homeostasis also contributes to ad pathogenesis.
herein , we further found that overexpression of cuta increases intracellular copper level , whereas copper treatments promote cuta expression.
we also confirmed that copper treatments promote app expression and aβ secretion.
on the other hand , cuta overexpression ameliorated copper-induced aβ secretion but had no effect on app expression.
moreover , we found that aβ treatments can reduce both cuta and copper levels in mouse primary neurons.
consistently , both cuta and copper levels were decreased in the hippocampus of app / ps1 ad mouse brain.
education involves learning new information and acquiring cognitive skills.
these require various cognitive processes including learning , memory , and language.
further , graphical theoretical analysis using rcmrglcs was applied to examine differences in the functional network properties of the brain.
this may be one of the brain's mechanisms mediating the reserve effects found in people with higher education.
processing of interleukin rnas must be tightly controlled during the immune response.
tat-activating regulatory dna-binding protein-43 ( tdp-43 ) acts as an insac scaffold that selectively associates with il-6 and il-10 rnas in a sequence-specific manner.
tdp-43 also recruits key spliceosomal components from cajal bodies.
lps induces posttranslational modifications of tdp-43 ; in particular , tdp-43 ubiquitination provides a driving force for insac formation.
collectively , our findings highlight the importance of tdp-43-mediated insac biogenesis in immune regulation.
study selection : eligible studies were published placebo-controlled double-blind rcts published in english.
data extraction : two reviewers independently selected studies , determined study quality and extracted outcome and descriptive data.
data synthesis : of the @number@ identified studies , seven rcts including @number@ men were eligible for the meta-analysis.
additional studies are needed to determine whether hormonal interventions are warranted in selected men with t2d and / or the metabolic syndrome.
to clarify this , we investigated @number@ participants of the styjobs / edecta cohort ( nct00482924 ) , with ages between @number@ and @number@ years.
the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance ( homa ) was also measured.
juveniles with mets displayed unchanged levels of vitd as compared to overweight / obese juveniles without mets.
although imt was significantly increased in both juvenile and adult overweight / obese subjects , vitd and imt levels were not correlated.
in conclusion , although metabolic and inflammatory symptoms of obesity are displayed in juveniles , their vitd levels are unaffected.
herein , we review the molecular pathways that underlie cellular senescence and how it contributes towards tumour suppression.
ageing impairs the muscle anabolic effect of food intake , which may explain muscle loss and an increased risk of sarcopenia.
ageing is also associated with low grade inflammation ( lgi ) , which has been negatively correlated with muscle mass and strength.
in rodents , the muscle anabolic resistance observed during ageing and sarcopenia has been ascribed to the development of the lgi.
we aimed to investigate this relationship in humans.
we studied protein metabolism and physical fitness in healthy elderly volunteers with slight chronic c-reactive protein.
body composition , short performance battery test , aerobic fitness and muscle strength were assessed.
the anabolic effect of food intake was measured by studying the volunteers both at the post-absorptive and post-prandial states.
however , crp + presented a reduction of physical fitness , increased abdominal fat mass and post-prandial insulin resistance.
we propose that a broader picture of lgi ( notably with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines ) is required to impact muscle metabolism and mass.
however , an isolated chronic crp elevation could predict a decrease in aerobic fitness and insulin resistance installation in elderly individuals.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : university of pittsburgh , pittsburgh , pennsylvania.
measurements : the scale development sample and blsa participants self-administered an initial 26-item perceived fatigability scale.
results : principal components analysis with varimax rotation reduced the 26-item scale to the 10-item pfs.
the pfs showed strong internal consistency ( cronbach's alpha @number@ ) and excellent test-retest reliability ( intraclass correlation @number@ ) .
several studies have shown that acute stress affects working memory ( wm ) in young adults , but the effect in older people is understudied.
this study provides further evidence that older people may be less sensitive to stress and stress-induced cortisol response effects on memory processes.
this article reviews the important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of pids in adults versus children.
background : the association of genetic polymorphisms of klotho gene with aging has not been thoroughly examined.
previous studies showed that longevity in the uygurs was considerably greater than in kazaks in xinjiang.
this study aimed to investigate the difference of renal function and klotho gene polymorphisms between kazak and uygur normal populations in xinjiang , china.
material / methods : a total of @number@ uygur and @number@ kazak clinically normal subjects were included in this study.
four single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( rs1207568 , rs564481 , rs9527025 , and rs9536314 ) of the klotho gene were genotyped using the abi snapshot method.
estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) was calculated according to the chinese simplified mdrd equation.
in cc genotype of rs564481 , serum creatinine was significantly higher in kazaks compared with uygurs ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : significant differences in klotho gene rs9527025 and rs9536314 polymorphisms were found between the uygur and kazak populations.
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( abpm ) is central in the management of hypertension.
factors related to bp , such as body mass index ( bmi ) , may differently affect particular aspects of 24-hour abpm profiles.
the authors evaluated the association between bmi and aspects of abpm together with their associations with cardiac remodeling in @number@ patients.
the clinical relevance of these findings was supported by the positive significant correlations of bmi-related bps with left ventricular mass and atrial diameter.
the p66shc gene has emerged as a novel gerontogene affecting health and life during aging.
up to now , oxidative stress has been recognized to be involved in human diseases such as high cholesterol , diabetes , and cardiovascular diseases.
further study on the role of p66shc will facilitate the research of novel disease-targetted drugs and slow down or cure age-related pathologies.
introduction : delirium is common in critically ill patients and impact in-hospital mortality in patients with pneumonia.
the primary endpoint was mortality at one-year follow-up.
secondary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.
results : a total of @number@ patients were enrolled ( @number@ % males ; median age @number@ years ) .
at least one delirium symptom was detected in @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) during hospitalization.
seventy-one patients ( @number@ % ) died during the one-year follow-up.
conclusions : delirium symptoms are independent predictors of one-year mortality in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia.
further studies should confirm our results using prospective methods of collecting data.
tdp-43 pathology is a disease hallmark that characterizes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld-tdp ) .
although a critical role for tdp-43 as an rna-binding protein has emerged , the regulation of tdp-43 function is poorly understood.
here , we identify lysine acetylation as a novel post-translational modification controlling tdp-43 function and aggregation.
thus , modulating tdp-43 acetylation represents a plausible strategy to fine-tune tdp-43 activity , which could provide new therapeutic avenues for tdp-43 proteinopathies.
background : to examine whether offspring improve or reduce quality of life ( qol ) among cancer patients and survivors.
materials and methods : we used data from the korean longitudinal study of aging ( klosa ) from @number@ to @number@
there were @number@ research subjects in our study : @number@ cancer patients and survivors and @number@ controls matched using propensity scores.
background : punica granatum ( family : lythraceae ) is mainly found in iran , which is considered to be its primary centre of origin.
studies on pomegranate peel have revealed antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , anti- angiogenesis activities , with prevention of premature aging and reducing inflammation.
docking was then further employed using autodock pyrx and validated through discovery studio for studying molecular interactions.
conclusion : the identified targets now need to be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies.
rassf1a , regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor , is frequently silenced and inactivated by methylation of its promoter region in many human tumors.
however , the association between rassf1a promoter methylation and lung cancer risk remains unclear.
to provide a more reliable estimate we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the potential role of rassf1a promoter methylation in lung carcinogenesis.
according to the selection standard , @number@ articles were identified and analysised by stata @number@ software.
a chi-square-based q test and sensitivity analyses were performed to test between-study heterogeneity and the contributions of single studies to the final results , respectively.
funnel plots were carried out to evaluate publication bias.
background : in most countries , red blood cells ( rbcs ) can be stored up to @number@ days before transfusion.
however , observational studies have suggested that storage duration might be associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
while clinical trials are under way , impaired metabolism has been documented in rbcs stored in several additive solutions ( ass ) .
rbc extracts and supernatants were assayed using a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography separations coupled online with mass spectrometry detection metabolomics workflow.
results : blood bank storage significantly affects metabolic profiles of rbc extracts and supernatants by day @number@
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging of the skin , bones , heart , and blood vessels.
metabolic investigations showed transient methylmalonic aciduria , and genetic testing of the peripheral blood identified the c.1824c > t heterozygous lmna mutation.
the present case is reported because of its rarity.
the association cortex of the superior temporal gyrus ( stg ) is implicated in complex social and linguistic functions.
second , we use the optical fractionator to estimate pyramidal neuron number and the nucleator for pyramidal somal and nuclear volume.
we also investigated the influence of age and sex on these parameters , as well as set a typically developing baseline for future comparisons.
we found no correlation with age and neuron number.
in contrast , pyramidal somal and nuclear volume were both negatively correlated and linearly associated with age in regression analyses.
we found no significant sex differences.
both measures are critical variables in the study of developmental neuropathology.
the advantage of the ex vivo operation made it possible to perform safe and definitive cancer resection without massive bleeding.
the patient returned to normal life with minimum loss of pulmonary reserve and no recurrence of lung cancer for @number@ months.
a critical question is whether the policy lacuna reflects a dearth of research evidence or a faulty translation of existing knowledge.
a reading of the current research landscape and literature , summarised in this paper , strongly suggests it is the former.
to be sure , sexuality in old age is a burgeoning field of scientific inquiry.
background : antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccines are defective during older age and human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection.
the effect of hiv on immune function in aging is relatively unknown.
a subgroup of vaccine nonresponders were compared to responders and found to have reduced frequencies of memory b cells and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells after vaccination.
frequencies of peripheral t-follicular helper ( ptfh ) cells correlated with memory b-cell function and influenza a ( h1n1 ) antibody titers.
serologic and immunologic deficits were most frequent in older hiv-infected participants.
conclusions : immune activation associated with hiv infection and impaired ptfh function heighten deficiencies in antibody responses to influenza vaccine in older individuals.
strategies to reduce immune activation or augment ptfh function may enhance antibody responses in the aging hiv-infected population.
introduction : dual task ( dt ) training is becoming prominent in fall prevention.
however , dt training should include task-managing strategies like task switching or task prioritization to be beneficial to improve gait performance under dt conditions.
the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a task managing training on gait stability.
gait parameters like step length , step width , gait line , maximum forces and gait variability were compared.
results : the training group improved their gait performance under st and dt conditions as revealed by significant group × time interaction effects.
discussion and conclusions : the training successfully improved gait performance and therefore might be a promising approach to prevent falls.
additional fall prevention studies should focus on motor-cognitive performance and reinforce outcomes of task managing strategies.
design : cross-sectional study.
main outcome measures : epiretinal membranes , vmt , macular cysts , pvcs , lmhs , ftmhs , and visual impairment.
the prevalence of macular cysts , lmhs , and erms was higher in eyes with a history of cataract surgery.
macular cysts , erms , and ftmhs were associated with visual impairment.
conclusions : epiretinal membranes are associated with macular cysts , pvcs , lmhs , vmt , and visual impairment.
thus , base rates of healthy individuals ' low scores are required to more accurately interpret neuropsychological results.
results indicate that high percentages of one or more \ "abnormal \ " scores were obtained , irrespective of the cut-off criterion.
for example , @percent@ of the normative sample obtained one or more scores at or below the 10th percentile.
these findings illustrate the importance of considering the prevalence of low scores in healthy individuals.
introduction : the most common reconstruction materials for orbital floor fractures are pds ( polydioxanone ) foil and titanium meshes.
these materials have advantages and disadvantages.
therefore , new materials are needed to improve surgical outcomes.
conclusion : the tested materials showed sufficient puncture strength for orbital floor reconstruction in mint condition.
moreover , after artificial aging , the creos and biogide membranes showed sufficient resistance , while smartbrane showed equivocal data after eight weeks.
therefore , collagen membranes have adequate properties for further in vivo investigations for orbital floor reconstructions.
objectives : aging , as a stage of development is marked by major changes to which the subject must adapt.
instrumental reminiscence is based on recalling times one coped with stressful circumstances , and analyzing what it took to adapt in those situations.
the program was developed over @number@ sessions of @number@ min.
accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in protein synthesis are not merely a corollary but rather a critical factor for the progression of ageing.
genome instability represents a primary hallmark of aging and cancer.
consistently , both enzymatic families have been linked to mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis in mice and humans.
moreover , parp1 hypomorphy is associated with a higher risk for certain types of cancer.
on a molecular level , recql helicases and parp1 are involved in the control of dna repair , telomere maintenance , and replicative stress.
furthermore , a profound body of evidence revealed that the cooperative function of recqls and parp1 represents an important factor for maintaining genome integrity.
mitochondria to nucleus signaling has been the most extensively studied mode of inter-organelle communication.
the finding that this pathway compensates for mitochondrial dysfunction to extend the replicative lifespan of yeast cells has generated additional impetus for its study.
in this capacity , the retrograde response may cooperate with other , related mitochondria to nucleus signaling pathways.
the exciting realization that the retrograde response is embedded in the network of cellular quality control processes has emerged over the past few years.
most strikingly , it is closely integrated with autophagy and the selective brand of this quality control process , mitophagy.
this coordination depends on tor , and it engages ceramide / sphingolipid signaling.
the yeast lag1 ceramide synthase gene was the first longevity gene cloned as such , and its orthologs hyl-1 and hyl-2 determine worm lifespan.
thus , the involvement of ceramide signaling in quality control gives these findings cellular context.
frailty is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome.
cognitive frailty has been considered as a subtype of frailty.
in this study , we refine the definition of cognitive frailty based on existing reports about frailty and the latest progress in cognition research.
we obtain evidence from the literature regarding the role of pre-physical frailty in pathological aging.
we propose that cognitive impairment of cognitive frailty results from physical or pre-physical frailty and comprises two subtypes : the reversible and the potentially reversible.
reversible cognitive impairment is indicated by subjective cognitive decline ( scd ) and / or positive fluid and imaging biomarkers of amyloid-β accumulation and neurodegeneration.
potentially reversible cognitive impairment is mci ( cdr = 0.5 ) .
based on the severity of cognitive impairment , it is possible to determine the primary and secondary preventative measures for cognitive frailty.
design : retrospective cohort study conducted using the department of veterans affairs ( va ) national patient care database ( 2000-2011 ) .
setting : va medical centers in the united states.
participants : a total of @number@ veterans @number@ years and older without cardiovascular disease at study baseline ( 2000-2003 ) .
results : @percent@ of veterans ( n = @number@ ) had a baseline diagnosis of ptsd.
conclusions : findings highlight the longitudinal impact of ptsd on increasing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in older adults.
alcoholism has always been a major public health concern in taiwan , especially in the aboriginal communities.
since @number@ we have been following up on the mental health conditions of four major aboriginal peoples of taiwan.
we profiled the dna methylation changes in the blood samples collected at phases @number@ and @number@
enrichment analyses have identified several biological processes related to immune system responses and aging in the control group.
the methylation levels of six genes were found to correlate with alcohol consumption.
given the limited sample size , our approach uncovered genes and disease pathways associated with chronic alcohol consumption at the epigenetic level.
the results offer a preliminary methylome map that enhances our understanding of alcohol-induced damages and offers new targets for alcohol injury research.
patients were classified at the time of echocardiography into four filling patterns : normal , abnormal relaxation , pseudonormal , and restrictive filling.
skin is frequently exposed to a variety of environmental and chemical agents that accelerate ageing.
to counter this , an exogenous supply of anti-oxidants , is required since the endogenous anti-oxidant system cannot alone suffice the need.
bio-prospecting of natural resources for anti-oxidants has hence been intensified.
immense research is being carried out to identify potential plants with potent anti-oxidant activity against skin ageing.
this review summarizes the major factors responsible for premature skin ageing and the plants being targeted to lessen the impact of those.
objectives : in current society , an increasing population of older adults and a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in late life is noticeable.
a possible protective resource is ' meaning in life'.
first , cluster analyses examined potential meaning in life-profiles.
second , analyses of variance tested associations between these distinct profiles and depressive symptoms.
residential older adults within the high presence high search cluster scored in-between the two other clusters for depressive symptoms.
however , community-dwelling older adults within this cluster reported similar levels of depressive symptoms as the high presence low search group.
conclusion : similar meaning in life-profiles were detected in residential as well as community-dwelling older adults.
our purpose was to test the multi-action plan model assumptions in which athletes ' psychophysiological patterns differ among optimal and suboptimal performance experiences.
nine professional drivers competing in premier race categories ( e.g. formula @number@ porsche gt3 cup challenge ) completed the study.
time marks , gathered at three standardised sectors , served as the performance variable.
the a1gp racing simulator ( allinsport , modena ) established a realistic race platform.
specifically , the barcelona track was chosen because of its inherently difficult nature characterised by intermittent deceleration points.
limitations and future research avenues are discussed.
action- ( e.g. attentional control ) and emotion ( e.g. biofeedback training ) -centred applied sport psychology implications are advanced.
in the first experiment , performance with the game controller was associated with fewer tracking errors.
objectives : incidences of overactive bladder ( oab ) and cognitive dysfunction increase with aging.
treatment of oab with antimuscarinic agents may result in cognitive decline , especially in patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
methods : this non-interventional prospective observational study was conducted in a geriatric medicine outpatient clinic.
overall , @number@ oab patients were enrolled.
patients were followed up in five groups : oxybutynin , darifenacin , tolterodine , trospium , and control groups.
follow-up visits were done at second , third , and sixth months.
comprehensive geriatric assessment , cognitive and mood assessment , qol scales ( iiq-7 , udi-6 ) were performed.
results : mean age of the patients was @number@ ± @number@
of the @number@ patients , @percent@ were female , @percent@ benefited from the treatment , and @percent@ discontinued the medication.
discontinuation rate and frequency of side effects were more frequent in the oxybutynin group.
mini mental state examination scores did not decline after treatment , even in ad patients.
geriatric depression scale scores , activities of daily living scores , and qol scores significantly improved after treatment.
conclusion : antimuscarinic agents are effective in oab treatment.
they have a positive impact on daily life activities , depression , and qol indices.
furthermore , they do not have a negative effect on cognitive function in older adults with or without ad.
current health psychological theories and research mainly cover improvement of health , recovery from illness or maintenance of health.
all of these models explicitly comprise stabilisation as an important process of successful , healthy ageing.
so far , however , the empirical research examining these models does not take stabilisation into account.
implications for research methods and practise of health stabilisation are discussed.
objectives : to investigate associations between dementia-attitudes and help-seeking intentions.
whilst only @percent@ indicated they would seek help from no-one , @percent@ would delay seeking help.
in response to scenario @number@ personal avoidance and fear of labelling were associated with intentions to delay help-seeking.
fear of both labelling and discrimination were associated with intentions to seek help from no-one.
fear of labelling was also associated with an intention to delay proxy help-seeking.
static mechanical compression tests were performed on the materials , as well as fatigue tests to assess their static and dynamic mechanical behaviors , respectively.
for the second , a sinusoidal load was applied with an appropriate range of deformation for each material.
all the tested materials have strong viscoelastic behavior , showing a linear response for small deformations , followed by a nonlinear behavior for higher deformation.
the silicone elastomer displays a continuous increase of rigidity along the @number@ days of storage , being the most sensitive to aging affects.
it also exhibits the lowest stiffness value , being suitable for uses that require maximum comfort.
all materials demonstrate chemical and structural stability under service simulated conditions.
mammalian tor ( mtor ) signaling controls growth , metabolism and energy homeostasis in a cell autonomous manner.
it is thus not surprising that mtor signaling mediates aging and is often deregulated in metabolic disorders , such as obesity , diabetes and cancer.
this review discusses the regulation of cellular and whole body energy metabolism by mtor , with particular focus on the non-cell autonomous function of mtor.
this assumption is based on biochemical evidence of activation of anabolic metabolism , with enhanced pentose phosphate shunt ( ppp ) and nucleotide biosynthesis.
here , while we confirm that tap73 expression enhances anabolism , we also substantiate its role in inhibiting proliferation and promoting cell death.
objective : to assess the influence of sensory information on static body balance of elderly individuals with vestibular disorders.
methods : cross-sectional study of elderly individuals with vestibular disorders.
the clinical test of sensory interaction and balance and posturography integrated with virtual reality ( balance rehabilitation unit ) were used.
posturography parameters analyzed included center of pressure and velocity of body sway.
results : @number@ individuals with mean age of @number@ were assessed.
worst performance was observed in the clinical test of sensory interaction and balance condition of visual dome-unstable surface.
worse performances were observed in conditions firm surface-closed eyes , firm surface-vertical optokinetic stimulus , f-visual-vestibular interaction , and unstable surface-closed eyes.
we report precision and sensitivity as measures of effectiveness.
results : keyword searches in bibliographic databases yielded high average precision ( @percent@ ) but low average sensitivity ( @percent@ ) .
pubmed was the most precise , followed closely by scopus and wos.
the google scholar keyword search had low precision ( @percent@ ) but provided the highest sensitivity ( @percent@ ) .
keyword searches provide a quick way of finding some but not all relevant articles.
goals , time , and resources should dictate the combination of which methods and databases are used.
thus , it has been postulated that this gene plays specific roles in pathogenesis of pd.
associations between snca mutations and other lewy body disorders , such as dementia with lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy , are also mentioned.
we believe it is promising to target snca for developing novel therapeutic strategies for parkinsonism.
more than @percent@ of study participants were still in the moderate to high cardiovascular risk range based on crp values at year @number@
objectives : to estimate the prevalence and identify the predictors of depression among community-dwelling korean american elderly ( kae ) .
design : a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey using a two-step sampling strategy to obtain a representative community sample.
participants : community-dwelling first-generation kae ( n = @number@ mean age ± sd : @number@ ± @number@ years ; female : @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the authors ' findings reveal a high prevalence of depression among kae and a low level of mental health service utilization.
this change brings important social , healthcare and economic consequences that call for a reorganization of patient care.
some of the more common chronic diseases are respiratory.
in copd , this integrated approach has been effective in reducing exacerbations , improving quality of life , and even reducing costs.
this study examined certified nursing assistants ' ( cnas ) experiences of nursing home practices following resident death.
participants were @number@ cnas who had experienced recent resident death.
the facilities ' practice of filling the bed quickly was most often experienced as negative.
responses to body removal and staff notification varied , but negative experiences were reported by a substantial minority.
being notified prior to returning to work was associated with a more positive experience.
learning about the death by walking into a room to find the bed empty or already filled was the most negative experience.
study findings suggest that more mindful approaches to the transitions related to resident deaths would be valued by cnas and could improve their work experience.
background : loneliness is a significant concern among the elderly , particularly in societies with rapid growth in aging populations.
loneliness may influence cognitive function , but the exact nature of the association between loneliness and cognitive function is poorly understood.
the purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current findings on the association between loneliness and cognitive function in older adults.
method : a comprehensive , electronic review of the literature was performed.
the total number of studies included in this systematic review was ten.
however , some initial correlations were not significant after controlling for a wide range of demographic and psychosocial risk factors thought to influence loneliness.
conclusions : greater loneliness is associated with lower cognitive function.
although preliminary evidence is promising , additional studies are necessary to determine the causality and biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function.
findings should be verified in culturally diverse populations in different ages and settings using biobehavioral approaches.
immune impairment and high circulating level of pro-inflammatory cytokines are landmarks of human aging.
however , the molecular basis of immune dys-regulation and the source of inflammatory markers remain unclear.
this increase of nf-κb -associated transcription includes transcripts for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as il-1 and chemokines such as ccl2 and cxcl10.
our observations provide direct evidence that dys-regulated basal nf-κb activity may contribute to the mild pro-inflammatory state of aging.
the pace at which science continues to advance is astonishing.
from cosmology , microprocessors , structural engineering , and dna sequencing our lives are continually affected by science-based technology.
however , progress in treating human ailments , especially age-related conditions such as cancer and alzheimer's disease , moves at a relative snail's pace.
here we discuss one aspect of drug development rodent models and propose an alternative approach to discovery research rooted in evolutionary experimentation.
our goal is to accelerate the conversation around how we can move towards more translative preclinical work.
human lifespan is determined greatly by genetic factors and some investigations have identified putative genes implicated in human longevity.
although some genetic loci have been associated with longevity , most of them are difficult to replicate due to ethnic differences.
data were analyzed using continuous wavelet analysis to assess temporal intensity distribution across eight frequency bands.
significant differences occurred due to speed for all muscles ( p < .0001 ) .
intensity increased across repetitions plateauing earlier for the vasti than rf during cs.
regardless of the machine , intensity levels peaked between the 25-53 hz and 46-82 hz ( 2nd and 3rd wavelets ) bands.
the results indicate that when the objective is increasing power through isoinertial training , p machines at hs appear to be the most effective alternative.
growing evidence shows that leucine regulates protein and lipid metabolism in animals.
the plasticity model predicts that respiratory complexes exist and function both as single complexes and as supercomplexes.
the advantages of this system is an electron transport train which is able to adapt to changes in its environment.
three secretases ( β- , γ- , and α-secretase ) are proteases that control the production of aβ from amyloid precursor protein.
additionally , aβ-degrading peptidases located in lipid rafts , such as neprilysin , appear to play a role in aβ catabolism.
furthermore , the significance of lipid rafts in aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity is briefly summarized.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting an increasing number of people worldwide with the aging society.
although the etiology of pd remains largely unknown , it is now clear that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
recently , several causative genes have been identified in mendelian forms of pd.
mitochondria are central players in the regulation of cell homeostasis.
in the central nervous system , senescence and neurodegeneration occur as a consequence of mitochondrial oxidative insults and impaired electron transfer.
the accumulation of several oxidation products in neurons during aging prompts the idea that consumption of antioxidant compounds may delay neurodegenerative processes.
in this review , the focus will be placed on the effects of green tea catechins in neuronal mitochondria.
accumulated evidence thus far seems to indicate that catechins help prevent neurodegeneration and delay brain function decline.
classic textbook depictions of mitochondria portray these organelles to be static bean-shaped structures.
however the mitochondrial population is quite heterogeneous , and can form small individual organelles or extended reticula throughout muscle.
this morphological plasticity is controlled by fission and opposing fusion events.
the contribution of these aldehydes to ecm modification is not known.
mitochondria are important intracellular organelles that produce energy for cellular development , differentiation , and growth.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) presents a 10- to 20-fold higher susceptibility to genetic mutations owing to the lack of introns and histone proteins.
under conditions of chronic inflammation and excess stress , increased ros production can overwhelm the antioxidant system , resulting in mtdna damage.
background : genes involved in the igf-1 aging pathways in the human ovary can be considered strong candidates for predictors of the natural menopause timing.
this study evaluates the association between a cytosine-adenine ( ca ) microsatellite polymorphism in the igf1 gene promoter p1 and age at natural menopause.
this relationship remained statistically significant after controlling for other menopause confounders in multivariate modelling.
herein , we update our knowledge on the main pharmacological activities and possible molecular targets of lbps.
several clinical studies in healthy subjects show that consumption of wolfberry juice improves general wellbeing and immune functions.
lbps are reported to have antioxidative and antiaging properties in different models.
lbps show antitumor activities against various types of cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in nude mice through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
lbps may potentiate the efficacy of lymphokine activated killer / interleukin-2 combination therapy in cancer patients.
lbps exhibit significant hypoglycemic effects and insulin-sensitizing activity by increasing glucose metabolism and insulin secretion and promoting pancreatic β-cell proliferation.
they protect retinal ganglion cells in experimental models of glaucoma.
lbps protect the liver from injuries due to exposure to toxic chemicals or other insults.
they also show potent immunoenhancing activities in vitro and in vivo.
furthermore , lbps protect against neuronal injury and loss induced by β-amyloid peptide , glutamate excitotoxicity , ischemic / reperfusion , and other neurotoxic insults.
lbps ameliorate the symptoms of mice with alzheimer's disease and enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone , improving learning and memory abilities.
they reduce irradiation- or chemotherapy-induced organ toxicities.
moreover , lbps exhibit hypolipidemic , cardioprotective , antiviral , and antiinflammatory activities.
glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( gsk-3 ) is one of the few signaling molecules that regulate a truly astonishing number of critical intracellular signaling pathways.
furthermore , a recent clinical trial has validated the feasibility of targeting gsk-3 with small molecule inhibitors for human diseases.
the recent emergence of gsk-3β as a regulator of myocardial fibrosis will also be discussed.
we will summarize these recent results and offer explanations , whenever possible , and hypotheses when not.
for these studies we will rely heavily on our models and those of others to reconcile some of the apparent inconsistencies in the literature.
mitochondrial diseases often exhibit tissue-specific pathologies , but this phenomenon is poorly understood.
here we present regulation of mitochondrial translation by the mitochondrial translation optimization factor @number@ mto1 , as a novel player in this scenario.
we demonstrate that mto1 mediates trna modification and controls mitochondrial translation rate in a highly tissue-specific manner associated with tissue-specific oxphos defects.
in our mouse model , mto1-related oxphos deficiency can be bypassed by feeding a ketogenic diet.
this therapeutic intervention is independent of the mto1-mediated trna modification and involves balancing of mitochondrial and cellular secondary stress responses.
our results thereby establish mammalian mto1 as a novel factor in the tissue-specific regulation of oxphos and fine tuning of mitochondrial translation accuracy.
charcot-marie-tooth disease ( cmt ) is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder with a prevalence of @number@ in @number@ people worldwide.
patients suffer from degeneration of the peripheral nerves that control sensory information of the foot / leg and hand / arm.
multiple mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide gene , nefl , cause cmt2e.
in contrast , nefl ( n98s / + ) mice had a noticeable tremor , and most animals showed a hindlimb clasping phenotype.
abnormal processes were observed as early as post-natal day @number@
background : vulnerability is an important concept in nursing and nursing ethics.
vulnerability and ageing have generally been associated with frailty , which gives a limited view of both vulnerability and ageing.
objective : the aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of vulnerability to older persons themselves.
research design : a qualitative design based on interpretive description was adopted.
the data were collected by interviews that were analysed by qualitative content analysis as interplay between analysis , interpretation and meaning construction.
participants and research context : in total , @number@ older persons aged 70-96 years were interviewed , @number@ men and @number@ women.
some of the participants lived in their own homes , some in service houses and some in nursing homes.
ethical considerations : the ethical principles of informed consent , confidentiality and non-identification were respected.
findings : the core meaning was a deeper sense of vulnerability as you grow old.
discussion and conclusion : the themes include frailty and threats to the dignity of older persons and also capacity to feel and develop.
the results showed that although the frailty perspective dominated , vulnerability also had positive meanings for the older persons.
methods : a series of @number@ subjects with autopsy-proven dlb was studied.
dlb pathologic diagnosis was made according to consensus criteria , using α-synuclein immunostaining for lewy body identification. β-amyloid immunostaining was used for quantifying β-amyloid deposits.
the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease criteria and braak stage were applied for semiquantitative grading of neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
adolescence is the time of peak onset for many anxiety disorders , particularly social anxiety disorder.
however , few studies examined the anticipation of peer interactions , a key component in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders.
youth completed the chatroom task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.
patterns of neural activation were assessed in anxious and non-anxious youth as they were cued to anticipate social feedback from peers.
objectives : conventionally , existing information on elder abuse has been institution based , professionally driven , and in high-income countries.
this study addresses the prevailing gap in knowledge through direct consultation of older persons in the community about their perceptions of elder abuse.
data were transcribed and analyzed based on emergent themes.
discussion : our study revealed a high level of awareness and experience of elder abuse among the participants in both communities.
effective social welfare and health services aided by targeted government policies are needed to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
objectives : examines combinations of professionals visited for a serious personal problem.
latent class analysis was used to identify groups of respondents based on types of professionals visited.
multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with group membership.
results : classes included health provider plus clergy , physician plus mental health provider , and limited provider use.
whites were more likely than african americans to fall into the health provider plus clergy and physician plus mental health provider classes.
discussion : most respondents were in the limited provider use class suggesting that for many problems , minimal professional help is utilized.
physicians and clergy were important across all three classes.
we explore the role of dna damage processing in the progression of cognitive decline by creating a new mouse model.
our findings demonstrate that a modest decrement in base excision repair capacity can render the brain more vulnerable to ad-related molecular and cellular alterations.
total sperm count , progressive motility , and sperm dna fragmentation were analyzed in sperm , and metabolic assays were performed on blood.
clinical trial registration number : nct01093378.
it was shown that the glandular acini contained thin , elongated cells and cuboidal cells between the mucocytes surrounded by the myoepithelial cells.
around the acini , the myofibroblasts were found.
the number of fibroblasts and lymphocytes in glandular stroma increased with age.
the number of plasma cells was increased with age in the stroma of the glands of the upper part of the esophagus.
small excretory ducts were arranged in groups , often surrounded by the clusters of lymphoid cells.
the number of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts around the large excretory ducts was found to increase with age.
the purpose of this work was to examine the dependence of human cerebellar mass and its age dynamics on the body length and body-build type.
the length of the body , the transverse diameter of the chest and the cerebellar mass were measured.
somatotype was determined by the rees-eysenck index.
age affected cerebellar mass in men ( r = @number@ ) more , than in women ( r = @number@ ) .
in women , the stable period was observed until approximately @number@ years.
the cerebellar mass was related to the body length ( r = @number@ for men and r = @number@ for women ) .
conversely , after reading the print-based materials , the older adults felt more empowered to continue drive.
future interdisciplinary work such as this may enhance our capabilities to understand more about the processes involved in influencing change in attitudes and behaviors.
hence , the role for rehabilitation in the context of hiv , aging and comorbidities is emerging.
our aim was to establish a framework of research priorities in hiv , disability and rehabilitation.
we conducted a multi-stakeholder consultation to identify current and emerging issues in hiv , disability and rehabilitation.
data were collated and analyzed using content analytical techniques.
results : ninety-two participants attended the forum from canada , united kingdom ( uk ) , ireland and the united states.
the framework includes methodological considerations and environmental and personal contextual factors ( or lenses ) through which to approach research in the field.
knowledge translation should be implemented throughout the development and application of research knowledge to inform hiv clinical practice , programming and policy.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified a variety of gene regions associated with elevated plasma fibrinogen concentrations.
however , little is yet known about how associations between environmental factors and fibrinogen might be modified by genetic variation.
the present study included @number@ subjects of european ancestry from @number@ studies.
genome-wide interaction analyses were performed separately in each study for about @number@ million single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) across the @number@ autosomal chromosomes.
interaction estimates were meta-analysed using a fixed-effects model.
no genome-wide significant interaction with smoking status , alcohol consumption or bmi was observed in the meta-analyses.
further studies are needed to yield deeper insight in the interplay between environmental factors and gene variants on the regulation of fibrinogen concentrations.
the ability to recognize speech in noise was measured twice with the online national hearing test , a digit-triplet speech-in-noise test.
in noise ( srtn ) scores were calculated , corresponding to @percent@ speech intelligibility.
unaided srtn scores obtained with the same transducer ( headphones or loudspeakers ) at both test moments were included.
changes in srtn were calculated as a raw shift ( t1 - t0 ) and an adjusted shift for regression towards the mean.
paired t tests and multivariable linear regression analyses were applied.
gender , educational level , and the number of chronic conditions were not associated with a change in srtn over time.
this rather small numeric change might represent a relevant impact on an individual's ability to understand speech in everyday life.
the aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the typical aging process in adults with down syndrome , focusing on its variability.
the sample comprised @number@ adults with down syndrome who were free of dementia.
ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
each participant was assessed on cognitive functioning and social adaptation , and was checked for the presence of psychopathological disorders.
however , overweight or obese women were more likely to have a breast self-exam and a pap smear.
background : ethnic disparities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are widely documented in the literature.
methods : a systematic literature search was conducted yielding studies comparing tonic hrv in aas and european americans.
these disparities underscore the need for continued research addressing socioethnic cardiovascular differences and the biobehavioral mechanisms involved.
methods : twenty community-dwelling older adults ( @number@ ± @number@ ) volunteered to have their muscular power assessed during repeated sit-to-stand ( sts ) tasks.
each participant performed @number@ sts with @number@ s rest between trials.
cronbach's alpha for tendo muscular power for repeated trials was @number@
conclusions : tendo is a simple field method of determining muscular power among older adults and validation is essential.
results from this investigation support tendo as a valid and reliable method for determining muscular power during a sts task among older adults.
clinicians may use this tool to evaluate and assess progress in older adults ' power and physical functioning.
introduction : excess intakes of energy , sodium , saturated fat , and trans fat are associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic syndrome.
trends in fast-food restaurant portion sizes can inform policy decisions.
we examined the variability of popular food items in @number@ fast-food restaurants in the united states by portion size during the past @number@ years.
methods : items from @number@ national fast-food chains were selected : french fries , cheeseburgers , grilled chicken sandwich , and regular cola.
data on energy , sodium , saturated fat , and trans fat content were collated from @number@ through @number@ using an archival website.
absolute differences were modest.
the saturated and trans fat content , post-2009 , was modest for french fries.
introduction : intakes of sodium , saturated fat , and trans fat remain high despite recommendations to limit these nutrients for cardiometabolic risk reduction.
a major contributor to intake of these nutrients is foods prepared outside the home , particularly from fast-food restaurants.
we used an archival website to obtain data on sodium , saturated fat , and trans fat content for these items from @number@ through @number@
the amount of each nutrient per @number@ kcal was calculated to determine whether there were trends in product reformulation.
results : sodium content per @number@ kcal differed widely among the @number@ chains by food item , precluding generalizations across chains.
in contrast , there was a sharp decline in saturated and trans fat content of large french fries per @number@ kcal.
additional research is needed regarding the direct and indirect costs and benefits of volunteer support services for vulnerable older adults and their families.
objective of program : to train physicians wishing to provide coe services.
there is a longitudinal clinic component and a research project requirement.
the program is designed to cover the @number@ core competencies in the can meds-family medicine roles.
these physicians require alternative funding and a departmental home within a university if they are to provide an academic service.
experimental studies to evaluate the predictions of the amyloid cascade model are being continually retuned to accommodate conflicts of the predictions with empirical data.
clinical trials of treatments for ad based on anti-amyloid therapy have been unsuccessful.
in this article , we review the anomalies of the amyloid model and the theoretical and empirical support for the entropic selection theory.
we also discuss the new therapeutic strategies based on natural selection which the model proposes.
the cell proliferation index , cell number index , expression of caspases and apoptosis-associated proteins and cell morphology were measured.
background : oxidative stress activates endothelial innate immunity and disrupts endothelial functions , including endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide bioavailability.
in endothelial cell-specific srebp2 transgenic mice , locked nucleic acid-modified antisense mir-92a attenuates inflammasome , improves vasodilation , and ameliorates angiotensin ii-induced and aging-related atherogenesis.
conclusions : our findings suggest that exacerbates endothelial dysfunction during oxidative stress.
identification of this mechanism may help in the diagnosis or treatment of disorders associated with oxidative stress , innate immune activation , and endothelial dysfunction.
as with other federal agencies , fda is required to assess the costs and benefits of its significant regulatory actions.
participants underwent cardiac mri including tissue tagging and 31p spectroscopy and exercise testing with noninvasive central hemodynamic measurements.
during follow-up ( 1981-2013 ) , @number@ participants died ( median age at death , @number@ years ) .
neither dietary nor supplemental intake of vitamin a or vitamin c nor supplemental intake of vitamin e was significantly associated with mortality after multivariate adjustment.
a compendium that summarizes previous findings of cohort studies evaluating vitamin intake and mortality is provided.
few attempts have been made to develop an olfactory test that captures episodic retention of olfactory information.
participants were presented with @number@ common odors with intentional encoding instructions that were followed by a yes-no recognition test.
after recognition completion , participants were asked to identify all odors by means of free or cued identification.
a retest of the odor memory test ( sniffin ' tom = test of odor memory ) took place @number@ days later.
the results revealed satisfactory test-retest reliability ( @number@ ) of odor recognition memory.
both recognition and identification performance were negatively affected by age and more pronounced among the cognitively impaired.
the aesthetic experience , in particular the experience of beauty in the visual arts , should have neural correlates in the human brain.
a week later , all subjects expressed a preference rate on reproductions of the same works presented in the gallery.
caregivers performed at ceiling in the memory task.
both patients and caregivers assigned higher preference ratings for representational than for abstract works and preference consistency was comparable in representational and abstract works.
plasma hcy levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline and after @number@ weeks of treatment.
genotyping of the mthfr c677t polymorphism was performed by taqman probe technique.
results : there was no significant change in hcy level after benazepril treatment for @number@ weeks ( p = @number@ ) .
strikingly , we found no significant effect modification by the mthfr c677t polymorphism on the hcy changes after benazepril treatment.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia and represents one of the highest unmet needs in medicine today.
drug development efforts for ad have been encumbered by largely unsuccessful clinical trials in the last decade.
more systematic , multidisciplinary approaches will further facilitate drug repositioning for ad.
this review will summarize several notable strategies and representative examples of drug repositioning for ad.
background : carboxytherapy ( ca ) refers to the cutaneous and subcutaneous administration of co ( @number@ ) for therapeutic purposes.
radiofrequency ( rf ) is a method that uses electric current for heating layers of the skin.
both techniques are indicated for the treatment of skin laxity.
objective : the aim of this study was to compare the effects of ca and rf on human skin.
in the infra-umbilical region , ca was performed on the right and rf was performed on the left side.
untreated skin was used as a control.
the sample collection period lasted @number@ days.
rf was carried out at a temperature higher than 40°c on the epidermis for @number@ min.
results : ca and rf led to collagen remodeling ; however , this result was more evident and lasted longer with rf.
with ca an increase in elastic fibers was observed , whereas with rf no alteration was observed.
conclusion : our results suggest that rf is more efficient than ca in stimulating collagen synthesis.
poorer neuropsychological function is associated with increased medical burden ( mb ) and the use of more anticholinergic medications.
however , the interaction between mb and anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ab ) on neuropsychological performance is unknown.
participants with more mb demonstrated poorer performance irrespective of their level of ab.
these results indicate that mb effects may be overshadowed by anticholinergic effects in older patients.
older individuals often experience declines in cognitive function after events ( e.g. infection , or injury ) that trigger activation of the immune system.
this exaggerated inflammatory response can compromise processes critical for optimal cognitive functioning.
this review will focus on the impact of dysregulated production of il-1β on hippocampus dependent-memory systems and associated synaptic plasticity processes.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' neuroimmunology and synaptic function'.
social engagement is a lifestyle factor that has received much attention in preventative research.
numerous studies in the current literature have argued the importance of social engagement in ageing , particularly for cognitive health.
one key example of social engagement in later life is the role of a grandparent.
this role promotes a socially active lifestyle that may be beneficial to cognitive ageing.
the age-dependent nutritional status and resting metabolism in overweight and obese children have been examined.
the study included @number@ children of @date@ years old.
anthropometry , bioelectric impedance analysis and indirect respiratory calorimetry were performed ; lipid and carbohydrate parameters were measured.
the mean hdl level in the 1st and 2nd groups was significantly higher , and triglycerides lower than in the 3rd group.
the correlation of hdl level and breastfeeding duration ( r1 = @number@ p < @number@ ) was found in the 1st group of children.
prevalence of hyperuricemia increased from @percent@ in the 1st group to @percent@ in the 2nd and @percent@ in the 3rd group.
the mean level of carbohydrate oxidation rate in the 3rd group of children was lower than normal value ( p < @number@ ) .
resting energy expenditure was lower in the 2nd and 3rd groups of children.
despite the significant improvement in the treatment of patients with chf , mortality in recent years has improved slightly.
the primary treatment method for chronic heart failure is pharmacotherapy , but it has limitations.
the existing data encourages to look for new treatment methods for chf , replacing or enhancing traditional ones while constituting a low nuisance for patients.
participation in the program was associated with a reduction in shelter use and jail stays during the two years after program entry.
using a mixed-methods methodological approach , the proposed study examines the associations between economic well-being and independent living experiences in foster youth.
qualitative data were collected via focus groups with aged-out foster youth ( n = 15 ) .
results provide important insights on youth's economic well-being , financial literacy , individual experiences regarding aging out of foster care and independent living.
research suggests that youth aging out of foster care may be at higher risk of experiencing homelessness than other youth.
among this already at-risk population there may be certain characteristics that further exacerbate the risk.
the article presents the results of the study of self-assessment of quality of life of older kazakhstan citizens.
the differences between the self-assessment of quality of life of older people living in institutional care in the hospital and outside the hospital are discussed.
many studies indicate essential nature of food in maintaining health.
an important factor is the consumption of a variety of essential elements , in particular vitamins.
the aim was to determine the relationship of vitamin b12 levels in serum with metabolic parameters and the possibility of correction using gerodietetic meat pate.
a total of @number@ older people ( 60-80 years ) were surveyed.
we also measured changes in these parameters under the influence of eating gerodietetic meat pate.
the content of vitamin b12 in the blood of the elderly has been closely linked to metabolic indicators and body mass.
ethnic differences were found in sbp and dbp levels ( p < 0 , 001 ) .
all patients were divided into three age subgroups.
all patients underwent clinical-neurological examination , laboratory tests , high resolution b-mode ultrasound examination , mri.
cognitive functions were assessed by mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
a direct significant correlation between blood pressure level and a total score of mmse was revealed in senile patients.
the duration of hypertension significantly influenced on the severity of cognitive impairment in patients of middle and old age.
the influence of leptin level on cognitive function in patients with the metabolic syndrome increases with age.
these tests were : sensory organization test , motor control test , rhythmic weight shift.
the goal is to track changes in psychophysiological characteristics of cognitive functions associated with the transition of the elderly in the senile.
@number@ elderly people with a mean age of @number@ , 5±1 , 7 years were surveyed.
after @number@ years remaining @number@ people were re-examined.
moreover , patients with nuclear cataract had the domination of parasympathetic nervous system and another character of dystrophic changes.
the review describes neuro-immuno-endocrine signal molecules expression in human endometrial cells in the normal conditions , in the pathology and during aging.
changes of this molecules expression level are the base of the social significant diseases as endometriosis , endometrial cancer and infertility.
the results of evaluation of gene expression , gata-3 in lymphocytes showed the increased expression of gata-3 in elderly people in comparison with the young.
women demonstrated higher expression of gata-3 in compare with men.
study of il-2p showed reduced levels of expression in aged humans compared to young.
tvh21 expression level showed a reduction expression in both men and women.
the human environment is subjected to changes due to anthropogenic activity.
it will change in future as well.
to survive , the human population should genetically be reorganized according to these changes.
this requires an alternation of generations.
the mechanism of senescence is not atavism from which we should escape but the achievement of evolution without which the humanity cannot exist.
the review of the peptides used in dermatocosmetology is represented.
questions of forms of application , biological availability , reliability of the rendered anti-aging effects are considered.
human skin structures stained positively for angiomotin or endostatin were studied by indirect immunohistochemical method.
blood vessels stained positively for angiomotin were detected in skin samples in all ages.
age-dependent decrease in the content of angiomotin in blood vessels of the dermis was detected.
most prominent decrease in angiomotin content in dermal blood vessels was found in 61-85 years age-group.
endostatin positive blood vessels were also detected in skin samples of all ages.
however , the intensity of staining for endostatin in dermal blood vessels was increased during aging.
it can be proposed that changes in the content of angiomotin and endostatin yield a negative impact on angiogenesis in human skin during aging.
the aim of this work was the study of indicators of memory and intellectual activity among the elderly with different reading productivity.
pathology of the musculoskeletal system is widespread in the population and is one of the most common diseases of patients in older age groups.
the most significant of them are osteoporosis , osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.
all three components separately , of course , lead to lower quality of life.
osteoarthritis , osteoporosis , and sarcopenia , and especially their combination lead to hypomobility.
hypomobility under the influence of external factors is one of the leading syndromes potentiating aggravation processes senile asthenia.
thus , the mechanism of re-entry is triggered , and a vicious circle leading to fatal medical-social and social consequences.
clear age and gender differences related both to the content of atherogenic fractions of lipids in the blood , and types of dyslipidemia were revealed.
the serum hormone levels were studied among middle and gerontic aged residents of arkhangelsk by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay.
there was a statistical tendency of decrease in the level of testosterone in gerontic aged women compared to middle aged.
regardless of gender the lowering of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate content was observed in gerontic aged residents compared to middle aged.
serum cortisol , insulin , estradiol , growth hormone had no significant age and sex differences in the present groups.
the number of correlations was greater among the gerontic aged people in comparison with the middle aged , especially among women.
in this review , we discuss clinical features of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly.
the article describes the current diagnosis and treatment modalities of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the older age group.
we did a review of the literature data of main russian publications and databases pubmed / medline for the last @number@ years.
in the present article we examine the physiology of secretion of pineal hormone melatonin and its role in the vital processes of the body.
the article presents research data on the effectiveness of the drug melatonin in the climacteric syndrome.
remain unclear issues in the application of drugs melatonin at various complications of pregnancy and gynecological diseases.
long-term use of melatonin is still open in climacteric syndrome.
we investigated the age dynamics of proteomic profile of urine in @number@ healthy men aged @number@ to @number@ years.
a special sample preparation was performed , followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
a total of @number@ proteins were identified.
according to the tiger database , a tissue origin was established for @number@ proteins and identified @number@ processes in which they participate.
on the base of our investigation we can make resume about functional role of hassall corpuscles.
central ( hypogonadotropic ) hypogonadism in women could also be a cause of persistent amenorrhea and hypoestrogenemia.
the aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms of premature aging in women of young age with central hypogonadism.
the central female hypogonadism is a model of premature aging.
the article represents evidence about structures , properties and functions of adhesion molecule jam-a / 1 belonging to jam subfamily.
this protein plays an important role in epithelial tight junction formation and immune function.
current article focuses on the role of jam-a protein in pathogenesis associated to ageing : atherosclerosis , apoplexy , thrombosis , hypertension , ophthalmological pathology.
we propose short peptides lys-glu , lys-glu-asp , and ala-glu-asp-gly could influence on f11r gene expression that leads to recovery of jam-a synthesis in cells.
structural acoustical attributes of music defining its treatment effect , are described with the comparison of aspects of rock music and of classical music.
the article also considers the prospects for using of music in the treatment and prevention of age-associated diseases.
senior and senile age is characterized by psychological , social and somatic heterogeneity of patients.
testing of this grading was made on the basis of the scientific and methodological gerontological center.
modern terminology on active and healthy aging used in scientific and project activities is discussed.
there have been analyzed the who conception on active aging , which has no precise universally agreed definition , its main determinants.
the approach to implement the policy of active and healthy longevity as a valuable asset of the modern society is underlined.
the article discusses the role of a number of social factors to identify trends.
the aim of the article is to work out the simple approach for matching of the ages of the human and mammalian.
the choice of the events is reduced to the claim of being observable.
the matching ( and proper concordance ) are useful for the choice of the individual regimens of medical treatment.
regional peculiarities in distribution of incidence of different variants of aging rates have been revealed.
in moscow men and women , the delayed variant of development of age involution changes is the most widespread.
in the second part , a number of prospective aging indicators that take account of remaining life expectancy , will be studied.
the analysis also includes the consideration of gender imbalance of aging indicators.
accelerating of population aging in saint-petersburg and russia leads to a new demographic situation requiring a number of economic and socially oriented measures.
evidence suggests that the relationship between blood pressure and dementia risk varies between younger and older samples within the elderly population.
results : results demonstrated a similar negative relationship between map and cbf across both age groups.
however , very-old participants exhibited elevated cvri and reduced cbf compared to young-old participants in regions implicated in ad and cerebral small vessel disease.
furthermore , significant age by cvri interactions revealed that elevated cvri in the thalamus was inversely related to verbal fluency performance in the very-old group.
method : the sample included @number@ israeli firefighters who took active part in extinguishing the @number@ mount carmel forest fire.
limitation : the study design was cross-sectional and therefore precluded any causal inferences.
conclusions : the findings lend additional support to the holistic model and help to understand how subjective well-being and mil correlate with adaptation to stress.
background : cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in advanced age.
method : patients in phase iii of cardiac rehabilitation were divided into high and low cardiovascular fitness groups based on their predicted peak vo2.
cognition was assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests examining memory , attention , visual spatial function , executive function and global cognitive score.
results : the two groups were similar on reported physical activity and on the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
limitation : due to the small sample size no differentiation was made among the various cvd conditions.
conclusion : higher cardiovascular fitness of cvd patients is associated with superior cognition - predominantly in attention and executive functioning.
bone mineral density ( bmd ) is affected by lean body mass and body weight to various degrees in the course of aging.
the attempt of this study is to determine the optimal time to begin prevention of osteoporosis.
subtotal bmd was calculated by subtracting head bmd from total bmd along with whole body measurement.
lean body mass appears to provide the best prediction of subsequent development of osteoporosis.
background : previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors.
although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem , few studies have examined such effects.
however , we do not find a strong association between the type of health insurance and health behavior.
we also find that better perceived health insurance coverage is associated with a healthier lifestyle which is not compatible with an ex-ante moral hazard interpretation.
our results provide input to target policies towards elderly individuals in need of lifestyle change.
however , further research should be done to identify the causal effect of health insurance on health-related behavior.
conclusion : violation of tissue renewal is a major cause of carcinogenesis in people older than @number@ years old.
search for scientific information on the relation fatty liver with the development of atherosclerotic lesions of arteries.
menopause is an inevitable component of ageing and encompasses the loss of ovarian reproductive function , either occurring spontaneously or secondary to other conditions.
it is not yet possible to accurately predict the onset of menopause , especially early menopause , to give women improved control of their fertility.
the individual experience of the menopause transition varies widely.
important influential factors include the age at which menopause occurs , personal health and wellbeing , and each woman's environment and culture.
management options range from lifestyle assessment and intervention through to hormonal and non-hormonal pharmacotherapy , each of which has specific benefits and risks.
for an illustrated summary of this primer , visit : @url@
kidney diseases , with some exceptions , are diseases of the elderly.
during last century mortality due to infections and injuries has gradually decreased and a longer life expectancy increased a rate of chronic diseases.
diabetes , hypertension and atherosclerosis have become most common causes of kidney diseases.
a gradual nephrons loss in aging kidneys causes them more susceptible to acute injury as well as fastens the progression of their chronic disease.
this leads to the rapid increase in the incidence of kidney diseases with aging.
the study comprised @number@ women aged @number@ years.
the characteristics of the nutritional status of women were established on the basis of anthropometric measurements.
data were analyzed with statistica @number@ software.
the level of significance for all analyses was p < @number@
results : studies have shown that polish centenarian women are characterised by a specific physique and android obesity.
such programmes can serve to ensure the quality of life of long-lived seniors.
introduction : minimally invasive procedures in carotid endarterectomy are currently preferred.
smaller skin incisions ( transverse or longitudinal ) and the mapping of carotid artery bifurcation with doppler ultrasound are promoted.
there is a lack of papers about cosmetic effects and patients ' preferences.
the aim of this study was to qualify natural skin wrinkles as potential anatomical markers of carotid artery bifurcation and scar camouflage.
material and methods : @number@ patients underwent carotid endarterectomy in 2013-2014 in the vascular surgery department of the pomeranian medical university in szczecin.
the positions of wrinkles were compared with the anatomical location of carotid artery bifurcation with the use of doppler - duplex ultrasound.
patients ' preferences and cosmetic effect were also assessed.
results : @percent@ of patients declared the cosmetic effect important.
nevertheless , every patient preferred a transverse incision along a wrinkle line.
the wound scar was invisible in @percent@ of cases 3-6 months after surgery.
wrinkles were close , within @number@ centimeter , to carotid artery bifurcation in @percent@ of cases.
it was mainly 4-5 cm from the angle of the mandible.
using ultrasound before surgery allows the planning of the optimal incision in @percent@ of cases.
the somatotyping was performed according to i.b. galant-v.p. chtetzov-b.a. ni kitiuk scheme.
it was found that among the women of mature age studied , mesoplastic ( @percent@ ) and stenoplastici ( @percent@ ) somatotypes were dominant.
the least frequently encountered were the representatives of asthenic ( @percent@ ) and athletic ( @percent@ ) somatic types.
women of different somatotypes vary significantly in height and weight and other anthropometric parameters.
objective : key modalities of integrative medicine known to rejuvenate the mind and body are meditation , yoga , and controlled diet.
a total of @number@ people were enrolled in the study ; @number@ men and @number@ women ( aged 18-90 ) randomly assigned for the study.
results : telomerase activity was greater in retreat participants at the end of the mbt retreat.
about @percent@ of people showed more than one-fold increase of telomerase activity after our mbt program.
furthermore , about @percent@ of people showed more pronounced fold increase ( 2-fold ) in telomerase activity after the mbt.
in addition , a substantial percentage of people ( about @percent@ ) exhibited increased stem cell counts after the mbt.
one of the major causes of reduced vision over the age of @number@ is age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
although such a common pathology , there are no current guidelines for the first-line treatment of dry amd.
the preliminary results indicate a promising therapeutic regime for dry amd and perhaps for other types of retinopathies as well.
age related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than @number@ years of age.
it is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make life style choices that may reduce the risk of disease.
this review discusses the role of genetics , sunlight , diet , cardiovascular factors , smoking , and alcohol as possible risk factors for amd.
whether the risk of amd is increased by exposure to sunlight , cardiovascular risk factors , and diet is more controversial.
smoking is the risk factor most consistently associated with amd.
current smokers are exposed to a two to three times higher risk of amd than non-smokers and the risk increases with intensity of smoking.
moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to increase the risk of amd.
optometrists as front-line informers and educators of ocular health play a significant role in increasing public awareness of the risks of amd.
demodex are cosmopolitan mites occurring in many species of mammals.
two morphologically distinct demodex species parasitize on humans : demodexfolliculorum ( simon , @number@ ) and demodex brevis ( akbulatova , @number@ ) .
until recently , these species have been regarded as commensals ; now they are considered as parasitic organisms.
infection with demodex happens through direct contact with infected bed linen , towels , creams and other cosmetics.
this complexity has determined currently functioning division of aging theories into evolutionary and mechanistic.
first group aims at answering the question \ "why do we age ? \ " and determining a biological purpose of this process.
the aim of this paper was to collect and present the most important theories of aging , pointing if possible on reciprocal relationships between them.
resveratrol ( ) is a natural phytoalexin known for its cardioprotective , neuroprotective , anti-inflammatory , anti-cancer and anti-aging properties.
unfortunately , low bioavailability and rapid degradation to less active metabolites limit the use of this compound in a practical medicine.
aim of this study was to assesses the extent of differences between cells from donor with adenomyosis and cells from healthy donor.
was established that compared lines had morphology like fibroblasts , were differentiated in adipocytes , were expressed mesenchymal markers and didn't expressed haematopoietic markers.
cytogenetic analysis of differentially stained metaphase chromosomes on g-banding ( passage 6-7 ) showed that healthy donor's cells had predominantly normal karyotype.
the cellular line from a patient with diagnosis of \ "adenomyosis \ " had a lot of cells with changes in karyotype's structure.
these changes were related with aneuploidy of cellular population and the presence non-random chromosomal breaks , often in chromosomes @number@ and @number@
analysis of this data allows the cells from adenomyosis characterized physiological stability in culture and karyotypic instability with non-random involvement certain chromosomal set.
the cellular line obtained from donor with adenomyosis showed signs destabilization of he genome , typical for cell transformation.
division of adenomyosis cells to the 26th passage is stopped and these cells entered into a phase of replicative aging.
based on this , we can conclude that founded karyotype's hanges do not lead to transformation and immortalization of cells in vitro.
new nonimmortalized fibroblast-like cell line sc6-msc has been obtained from a line of human embryonic stem cells ( esc ) sc6.
numerical and structural karyotypic analysis has shown hypodiploidy karyotypic : @number@ @date@ in this line.
the growth curves showed active proliferation for 8-10 passages with a consequent gradual decrease of proliferative activity , which ended to 20th passage.
to determine the line's status , the analysis of the surface markers by flow cytometry was carried out.
the directed osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of line sc6-msc has shown.
however , no directed adipogenic differentiation of this line has been found.
macrophage coordinates functioning of immune system , participates in tumor growth progression.
the process of inflammation consists of two stages.
cytotoxical potential of immunocompetent cells will be realized in the first stage , to avoid a bacterial infection.
the second stage of inflammatory process is associated with reparation and regeneration.
during inflammation , according it stages , macrophages change functional state , switching from cytotoxical m1 to m2 , that associated with reparation.
we suppose , that rapamysin , a suppressor of mtor , causes completely different effects on tumor associated macrophages and cells of microglia.
rapamycin transforms tissue macrophages into m1 phenotype , promoting the tumor regression.
there are two viewpoints concerning cardiac regeneration.
one assumes that the myocardium of an adult human heart has a weak regenerative capacity.
according to another , myocardium can renew at a high rate due to the presence of resident stem cells.
there were no cells with an intermediate volume between amplifying and mature myocytes.
most of the myocyte population was represented by mononucleate cells with tetraploid nuclei ( @percent@ ) .
proportion of myocytes of different ploidy classes did not change in the interval from @number@ to @number@ years.
our results strongly suggest that stem cells of the heart are not involved in the regeneration of human myocardium during aging.
the function of the aging heart is mostly compensated by the hypertrophy of the remaining myocytes.
the aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence and intranuclear distribution of marinesco bodies in substantia nigra neurons of the human brain.
marinesco bodies were found in 1-2% of the substantia nigra neurons , but not in adjacent brain areas.
most marinesco bodies exhibited ubiquitin expression.
a trend was found for the increased incidence of marinesco bodies in human substantia nigra neurons with age.
introduction : due to aging of the general population , prevalence of benign prostatic enlargement is increasing.
symptoms of bpe may vary between the patients.
aim of the study was to analyze and compare the usefulness of combination drugs therapy and monotherapy after a trial period of six months.
methods : out of @number@ male patients aged @number@ years and above diagnosed with bpe , @number@ were included in the study.
patients were randomized using computer generated random number table.
of which , @number@ patients received combination therapy with tamsulosin plus finasteride and @number@ patients received monotherapy with tamsulosin once daily at bed time.
results : the baseline demographic variables were comparable in both groups.
conclusions : the combination therapy is effective in decreasing the irritative and obstructive symptoms in patients with bpe than monotherapy.
conclusion : alcohol abuse is a significant risk factor for population health of arkhangelsk city.
the structure of mortality of patients under dispensary supervision is characterized by the considerable prevalence of conditions that are potentially avertible.
normal ageing is often accompanied by loss of appetite and decrease in food intake.
weight loss of senescence is called anorexia of ageing.
as an outstanding scientist and physician of traditional persian medicine , avicenna has introduced an unconventional approach to seniors.
he also believed that the elderly should consider special schemes in order to maintain their health.
these schemes include consideration of nutrition , mental states , sleep , bathing , and physical activities , and even choosing some appropriate hobbies.
the elderly should consume foods and fruits with laxative and stool-softening properties to prevent constipation.
moreover , they should maintain their vital force and avoid any activities that tax the body.
furthermore , considering the principles of hifz-al-sehah can help secure long and healthy lives for the elderly.
objective : to improve the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer and preneoplastic changes of gastroduodenal transition.
video endoscopy equipment company \ "olympus \ " ( japan ) , morphological methods and the determination of helicobacter pylori ( hp ) were used.
the number of folds decreases with age.
frequency of preneoplastic changes increases with age.
the individual differences of the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal transition are identified.
some endoscopic changes requiring biopsy and morphological studies are revealed.
design : cross-sectional descriptive study.
subjects and setting : potential participants were randomly selected from an electronic database of @number@ persons with ostomies.
potential respondents were contacted by e-mail and provided with an electronic nontransferable secured link to the survey.
two thousand three hundred twenty-nine participants completed the survey for a response rate of @percent@ and a margin of error of @percent@.
study respondents were geographically distributed throughout the united states , representing all @number@ states.
instrument : health-related quality of life was evaluated using the sf36v2 survey instrument.
results : the data presented a broad profile of the adult ostomy population in the united states.
conclusion : study findings suggest that the ostomy population demonstrates successful aging similar to the us general population.
design : a cross-sectional , epidemiological study.
study sample : a total number of @number@ people ( @number@ women , @number@ men ) were recruited from three age cohorts.
the study sample was representative of the general population.
all participants answered a diet history and were tested with pure-tone audiometry.
eleven categories of food consumption were related to pure-tone averages of low-mid frequency hearing , and high frequency hearing.
results : two consistent correlations between diet and hearing were observed.
one was a correlation between good hearing and a high consumption of fish in the male group.
conclusions : the study indicates that diet is important for aural health in aging.
other correlations , e.g. between high consumption of antioxidants , were not demonstrated here , but cannot be excluded.
objective : the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between occupational exposures and hearing among elderly latino americans.
study sample : a total of @number@ older adults were included.
results : a majority of participants ( @percent@ ) reported occupational exposures to loud noise and / or ototoxic chemicals.
about @percent@ and over @percent@ showed hearing loss at low and high frequencies , respectively.
conclusion : lifelong occupational exposure to loud noise and / or ototoxic chemicals was significantly associated with hearing loss among elderly latino americans.
background : although hearing loss may be caused by various factors , it is also a natural phenomenon associated with the aging process.
methods : this study included @number@ individuals who underwent health screening examinations from @number@ to @number@
the degree of hearing loss ranged from mild to severe.
aging and dm were correlated with the prevalence of hearing loss ( p < 0.05 ) .
there was no statistically significant association between hearing loss and hypertension after adjusting for age and dm.
conclusions : the prevalence of hearing loss increases with age and the presence of dm.
hearing loss was greatest at high frequencies.
in all age groups , mild hearing loss was the most common form of hearing loss.
the lumbar lordosis for standing and the range of motion for maximal upper body flexion ( rof ) and extension ( roe ) were determined.
locally , these decreases mostly occurred in the middle part of the lordosis and less towards the lumbo-sacral and thoraco-lumbar transitions.
the sex only affected the roe.
conclusions : during aging , the lower lumbar spine retains its lordosis and mobility , whereas the middle part flattens and becomes less mobile.
photoreceptor outer segments with stacks of membranous discs containing the phototransduction machinery are continuously renewed in the retina.
spent pos are eliminated daily by rpe cells.
rodent , porcine / bovine and human rpe cells recognize pos from various species in a similar manner.
this protocol takes advantage of the characteristic of photopigments that display an orange color when kept in the dark.
under dim red light , retinae are collected in a buffer from opened eyecups cut in halves.
the retinal cell suspension is homogenized , filtered and loaded onto a continuous sucrose gradient.
after centrifugation , pos are located in a discrete band in the upper part of the gradient that has a characteristic orange color.
pos are then collected , spun , resuspended sequentially in wash buffers , counted and aliquoted.
pos obtained this way can be used for phagocytosis assays and analysis of protein activation , localization or interaction at various times after pos challenge.
alternatively , pos can be labeled with fluorophores , e.g. , fitc , before aliquoting for subsequent fluorescence quantification of pos binding or engulfment.
however , the relationship between sex hormones and age-related alterations in older men is not clear.
design : cross-sectional study of baseline measures in the ttrials.
setting : the study was conducted at @number@ sites in the united states.
interventions : none.
main outcome measures : question @number@ of psychosocial daily questionnaire ( pdq-q4 ) , the facit-fatigue scale , and the 6-minute walk test.
of these hormones was significantly associated within or across trials with facit-fatigue , phq-9 depression or physical function-10 scores , or gait speed.
context : the impact of older age and duration of diabetes mellitus on macrovascular complications is unclear.
mortality from mi was increased for diabetes duration up to @number@ years , while stroke-specific mortality increased progressively with diabetes duration.
prior mi or stroke predicted increased risk of subsequent events peaking after 10-20 years.
diabetes is a duration-dependent risk factor for cardiovascular events which influences outcomes differently from prior vascular disease.
the purpose of this research was to investigate the mechanisms of antiplatelet action of cyperus digitatus.
the antiplatelet action of c. digitatus was studied on platelet function : secretion , adhesion , aggregation , and scd40l release.
at the same concentration , cda significantly decreased scd40l levels.
the mechanism of antiplatelet action of cda could be by nf-κb inhibition and that is camp independent.
in conclusion , c. digitatus extract may serve as a new source of antiplatelet agents for food and nutraceutical applications.
background : incobotulinumtoxina improves the appearance of facial rhytides and the aging neck.
objective : to investigate the efficacy , safety , and subject satisfaction of incobotulinumtoxina for platysmal band treatment.
incobotulinumtoxina ( @number@ u ) was administered to each band.
assessments , using the 5-point scale , occurred at @number@ posttreatment visits over @number@ months.
adverse events were recorded and subjects self-assessed the appearance of their platysmal bands versus baseline.
the change from baseline in the mean score was significant at each time point , including the final visit ( weeks 20-21 ) .
response rates were higher at maximum tension than at rest.
the peak effect occurred later at rest than at maximum tension.
no serious adverse event occurred.
conclusion : incobotulinumtoxina is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for platysmal bands , with a rapid onset and long duration of effect.
background : botulinum toxin type a ( bont a ) for the treatment of facial wrinkles is delivered through local injection.
we previously demonstrated that topical surface application of bont a has negligible cutaneous bioavailability and is not effective in treating wrinkles.
objective : to determine the effect of bont a solution applied topically on the skin surface immediately after ablative fractional co2 laser treatment.
methods : we conducted a randomized controlled trial for patients with periorbital wrinkles ( crow's feet ) ( n = @number@ ) .
pretreatment assessment was performed , and at @number@ and @number@ weeks after treatment.
background : although millions of aesthetic procedures are performed annually , few patient-reported outcome ( pro ) measures have been used in this setting.
patient-reported outcome measures were analyzed by subgroups ( age , gender , and baseline cfl severity ) .
subject satisfaction with appearance was also analyzed.
overall , subjects were satisfied with their appearance.
conclusion : subjects experienced significant improvements in perceived appearance , attractiveness , tiredness , age , and satisfaction versus placebo.
subjects treated for cfl and gl experienced even greater effects.
background : various preparations of botulinum toxin type a ( btx-a ) are used to reduces glabellar ( frown ) lines.
however , dose-related safety and efficacy of intramuscular injections of a widely used , locally produced btx-a in china has not been established.
outcomes were recorded before treatment and after @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days , including glabellar line severity at maximum contraction and relaxation.
results : significantly greater improvement was observed in both hbtx-a groups in comparison with the placebo group ( p < @number@ ) .
better efficacy was obtained in the high-dose treatment group.
more participants developed adverse events after treatment with hbtx-a doses , than with the placebo ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : twenty-unit hbtx-a provided optimal improvement in glabellar lines , and its use might minimize injection frequency while maintaining acceptable safety.
background : rt002 is a new injectable bonta product.
this formulation limits the spread of bonta , potentially permitting safe administration of larger doses and possibly extending its duration of action.
objective : this phase @date@ clinical study was designed to establish the safety of rt002 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines.
materials and methods : subjects were randomized into four groups ( n = 12 / group ) .
cohorts 1-3 received escalating doses of rt002 ranging from half the equivalent dose of approved toxins up to twice the current dose levels.
the safety of each dose was confirmed prior to administering the next dose.
subjects in cohort @number@ were treated with the highest dose and observed for @number@ weeks or until glss returned to baseline.
results : all doses of rt002 were well-tolerated.
common aes were headache and mild injection site reactions.
at week @number@ all doses of rt002 were highly effective at maximum frown.
cohort @number@ achieved @number@ month median duration.
at @number@ months , @percent@ of subjects maintained a ≥1-point improvement in investigator glss and @percent@ maintained wss of or mild.
study limitations include an open-label design and modest number of subjects.
conclusion : rt002 is a safe and effective bonta product with an extended duration of action.
background : botulinum toxin a products have been used in aesthetics for more than @number@ years.
objective : to compare incobotulinumtoxina with onabotulinumtoxina in the treatment of crow's feet.
the treatment applied to each side of the face was reversed in cycle @number@
pooled data confirmed these results.
background : botulinum toxins are used for facial rejuvenation.
objective : to investigate the efficacy , patient satisfaction , and skin physiology after incobotulinumtoxina treatment of the upper face.
materials and methods : thirty women aged @number@ to @number@ were enrolled in this single-center prospective 16-week study.
responder rates ( for each region ) and mean wrinkle scores ( whole upper face ) were calculated.
treatment satisfaction was self-assessed by questionnaire.
transepidermal water loss ( tewl ) , stratum corneum hydration , and skin ph were measured to assess skin barrier function.
results : wrinkle severity decreased rapidly after treatment.
responder rates generally peaked at days @number@ to @number@
at @number@ days , mean scores remained significantly lower than baseline ( p < @number@ ) .
transepidermal water loss decreased significantly throughout ( p < @number@ ) , and stratum corneum hydration increased.
no treatment-related adverse events occurred.
conclusion : incobotulinumtoxina rapidly improved wrinkle severity , and improvements were maintained for up to @number@ days.
increased stratum corneum hydration and reduced tewl may improve skin quality.
incobotulinumtoxina was well tolerated and improved patients ' self-perception.
it includes a review of the relevant literature and pointers to the future.
objective : to provide readers with a history of the cosmetic use of bonta and future directions.
methods : this article is written from the authors ' experience.
results : the readers will be aware of the results of the interaction with bonta.
conclusion : botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for some cosmetic problems.
side effects are minimal and short lived.
the future of this therapeutic modality continues to be exciting.
background : despite extensive clinical experience with onabotulinumtoxina , few data exist on patient satisfaction or safety with continuous treatment.
objective : this international multicenter study evaluated patient satisfaction and safety with long-term continuous facial aesthetic treatment with onabotulinumtoxina.
results : a total of @number@ patients consisted of the intent-to-treat population , with @number@ in the per protocol analyses.
patients received a total of @number@ glabellar treatments over a mean of @number@ years , with a mean dose of @number@ u per treatment.
overall , @percent@ of patients were mostly or very satisfied.
among the @percent@ of patients who reported looking younger , the mean perceived age was @number@ years younger.
documented aes were infrequent , mostly mild in severity , and declined in frequency over time.
limitations : this population was self-selecting as they chose to continue treatment for @number@ or more years to be eligible.
conclusion : continuous treatment with onabotulinumtoxina for a mean of @number@ years was associated with very high patient satisfaction.
these points are of particular importance for new brands emerging in the market.
methods : patients were randomized for the side of the forehead ( left or right ) in which the products were administered.
clinical assessments and minor test were performed at baseline and days @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
electromyography was performed at baseline and days @number@ and @number@ and ultrasound was performed only at baseline.
results : eighty patients were enrolled in @number@ research centers.
xeomin and dys presented similar results regarding fields of muscular effects.
however , a larger field of anhidrotic effects was found for dys.
there was a positive correlation between the muscle thickness and electromyography results.
conclusion : the results of this study suggest that a lower dose equivalence between dys and xeo could be established.
investigations into the metabolic effects of resveratrol are furthest along and now include a number of clinical trials , which have yielded mixed results.
there are a number of controversies surrounding resveratrol that have not been resolved.
aim : to develop a model of stress-induced senescence to study the hepatocyte senescence associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
methods : hydrogen peroxide treatment was used to induce senescence in the human hepg2 hepatocyte cell line.
senescence was confirmed by cytochemical staining for a panel of markers including ki67 , p21 , heterochromatin protein 1β , and activity.
hepatocyte senescence induced a @number@.6-fold increase in total secreted protein ( p = @number@ ) without major alterations in the protein profile.
conclusion : our novel model of hepatocyte senescence provides insights into mechanisms by which senescent hepatocytes may promote chronic liver disease pathogenesis.
studies on the processes of blood cell formation have revealed several shortcomings as a consequence of chronological age.
conversely , the dominant forms of acute leukemia affecting children associate with the lymphoid lineages.
these findings suggest the possibility of rejuvenating , or at least dampening , stem cell aging phenotypes in the elderly for therapeutic benefit.
moreover , the serum igf-1 level was correlated with muscle size.
design : a community-based cross-sectional study.
seven polymorphisms of igf1 , igfbp3 , and igfbp5 were analyzed by using illumina goldengate genotyping assay.
the χ ( @number@ ) test , student t test , and multiple logistic regression were applied for statistical analysis.
moreover , we discovered the snp rs6214 on the igf1 gene would significantly affect the serum igf-1 level.
therefore , the joint effect of rs6214 and rs2854744 was analyzed.
methods : data were from the taiwan longitudinal study on aging ( tlsa ) survey in 1996-2007 ( n = 3186 ) .
results : three disability trajectories maintained function , progressive disability , and consistent disability were identified.
an extra-individual factor , using assistive devices , was significantly related to maintaining older adults ' disability levels , even for those who started disabled.
conclusions : the findings suggested that predisposing , intra-individual , and extra-individual factors play different roles in the development of later disability trajectories.
introduction : migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological condition whose personal , social and economic impact is substantial.
areas covered : the major drug classes recently developed and / or in current development for migraine treatment are discussed.
cultural adaptation is important to assess ; however , most acculturation measures are unidimensional with little psychometric data for older immigrants.
internal consistencies were @number@ and @number@ for the mainstream and heritage subscales respectively , and they were orthogonal.
the via accounted for significantly more variance in language ability than the bccv , above and beyond acculturation proxies.
exploratory factor analysis replicated the two-factor structure reported by ryder et al.
( @number@ ) .
a confirmatory factor analysis indicated poor fit.
this study supports a bidimensional model of cultural adaptation among older chinese canadians.
the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these factors on early outcomes in patients aged ≥85 years with acute stemi.
the primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and the secondary endpoint was failure of discharge to home.
independent baseline variables with a p-value of < 0.15 in the univariate analyses were included in the multivariate analyses.
strong evidence has established the medical and health services utilization benefits of home care services for older adults.
however , sparse research has been conducted on potential psychosocial benefits.
data are drawn from the 2008-2009 canadian community health survey respondents who met the study criteria ( n = @number@ ) .
the results suggest that filling this home care gap would significantly raise quality of life by increasing social and environmental resilience to age in place.
vascular diseases are the leading cause of preventable death and disability in canada.
ninety percent of canadians face an increased risk , which could be modified by managing these health behaviours and risk factors.
even more concerning is the increase in vascular risk factors among canada's youth , and ethnically diverse populations.
vascular diseases affect not only the patient , but also place burdens on their spouses , families , friends , and communities.
vascular health requires partnerships for action across many sectors including government , health care practitioners , academia , not-for-profit organizations , and the private sector.
the health sector alone cannot solve this problem.
purpose : to compare age-dependent changes in health status among childhood cancer survivors and a sibling cohort.
methods : adult survivors of childhood cancer and siblings , all participants of the childhood cancer survivor study , completed three surveys assessing health status.
cancer treatment and health behaviors influence the magnitude of differences by age groups.
chronic conditions were associated with adverse health status outcomes across organ systems.
after incubating for @number@ h , fibroblasts were harvested from the culture plates to test cell proliferation by flow cytometer.
results : after @number@ h irradiation , 1br3g human skin fibroblasts were observed to proliferate at a fast rate.
the study of ecm macromolecules production using elisa showed an increase of hyaluronic acid and versican production but no changes were observed for decorin.
with rt-pcr assays , an increase in mrna for collagen type i , type iii and mmp-1 were observed.
methods : an analytic cross-sectional study was carried out among the gdps in @number@
descriptive statistical indexes and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis , while considering p < @number@
results : the mean dental practice experience was @number@ ± @number@ years with average @number@ ± @number@ working hours per week.
about @percent@ of dentists took regular exercises weekly.
some @percent@ of these dentists expressed to be suffering from the cervical pain , whereas , @percent@ complained about back pains and @percent@ shoulder problems.
female dentists were found more at risk of neckache , discomfort and pain in shoulder and hand than males.
greater pain frequency in knee was found in more experienced and older age dentists ( p = @number@ ) .
results from the ccf test showed that the deep cervical flexor muscles endurance increased with regular exercise and decreased with aging.
conclusion : many dentists experience the msds , especially in cervical region , as a consequence of occupational stresses.
therefore , detecting occupational risk factors , standards of work position , regular exercise and following ergonomic policy are intensely recommended.
objective : cognitive and functional geriatric assessment may change in acromegaly.
herein we aimed to determine at which points geriatric assessment of the cases with acromegaly differs from that of general elderly population.
cognitive functions were evaluated on the basis of the mini-mental state exam ( mmse ) .
affective status was determined using the geriatric depression scale.
nutritional status was evaluated using the mini-nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
body composition was measured through bioimpedance analysis.
functional mobility was determined using the timed up and go test ( tug ) and muscle strength with the handgrip strength test.
dementia was more frequent in the acromegaly group than in the cg ( p = @number@ ) .
total mna scores were significantly lower in cases with acromegaly than in the cg ( p = @number@ ) .
there was greater moderate functional impairment based on barthel adl in the acromegaly group than in the cg ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : acromegaly may impair cognitive functions , functional mobility and instrumental daily living activities in the geriatric population.
with acromegaly , the risk of malnutrition may also increase.
based on recent estimates , @percent@ of community-dwelling older individuals are frail and another @percent@ are prefrail.
frail elders account for the highest health care costs in industrialized nations.
impaired physical function is a major indicator of frailty , and functional performance tests are useful for the identification of frailty.
objective instrumented assessments of physical functioning that are feasible for home frailty screening have not been adequately developed.
logistic regression was used to assess the most sensitive gait , balance , and pa variables for identifying prefrail participants ( vs. nonfrail ) .
multinomial logistic regression was used to identify variables sensitive to discriminate between three frailty levels.
interestingly , walking bout duration variability was the most sensitive pa parameter for discriminating between three frailty levels ( auc = 0.818 ) .
no balance parameter discriminated between three frailty levels.
the present findings highlight the potential of wearable sensor technology for in-home assessment of frailty status.
no significant cross-jurisdictional \ "ecology \ " or inter-relatedness was found between the variation in ltc bed supply and any of the examined variables.
flavonoids , a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom , have been acknowledged for their interesting medicinal properties.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) disrupts movement of the left atrium ( la ) and worsens the vital prognosis by causing thromboembolism.
in this study , the effects of the above-mentioned two characteristic phenomena of af on blood flow and hemodynamic parameters were quantitatively investigated.
the results revealed that each characteristic phenomenon of af influenced hemodynamics.
especially , atrial wall movement by high-frequency fibrillation had a large impact on the stagnation of blood flow.
this result implies that there is a local thrombus-prone site in laa when af occurs.
this study examined how patients experience transitions to community from hospitals , inclusive of daily living problems and medical concerns.
our findings reveal both short- and long-term challenges associated with transitions back home.
short-term challenges include preparing the dwelling for the patient and understanding the organization of care at home.
long-term challenges are associated with practical and emotional concerns.
this review examines the current knowledge regarding the regulators of ahn and the influence of prenatal and postnatal stress on later ahn.
this hypothesis is referred to as \ "the double neurogenic niche hypothesis. \ "
such knowledge shall constitute an important starting point toward the goal of modifying ahn in neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases.
significance : mitochondria are complex dynamic organelles pivotal for cellular physiology and human health.
failure to maintain mitochondrial health leads to numerous maladies that include late-onset neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders.
furthermore , a decline in mitochondrial health is prevalent with aging.
a set of evolutionary conserved mechanisms known as mitochondrial quality control ( mqc ) is involved in recognition and correction of the mitochondrial proteome.
recent advances : here , we review current knowledge and latest developments in mqc.
we particularly focus on the proteolytic aspect of mqc and its impact on health and aging.
methods : fifty-nine patients ( @number@ eyes ) with pacg and @number@ age-matched normal subjects underwent macular ct scanning using enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography.
the average ct of the pacg eyes at each location was compared to that of normal eyes.
neither the vf-md nor pattern standard deviation was found to be associated with ct.
blood pressure ( bp ) changes with age.
these analyses included a total of @number@ subjects ( males / females : 623 / 1065 ) , aged @number@ to @number@ years.
arterial stiffness appears to be an independent contributor to hypertension , even after adjusting for age and other covariables.
in contrast , age-bp associations became attenuated or negative after adjusting for bapwv.
the utility of bapwv as a diagnostic , prognostic , and therapeutic indicator for hypertension warrants further investigation.
fall-related hip injuries are a concern for the growing population of older adults.
however , there is limited information about the factors that influence trochanteric soft tissue thickness.
mean ( sd ) thickness in quiet stance was @number@ cm.
thickness was @percent@ lower for males than females during quiet stance.
it was @percent@ greater at maximum flexion than quiet standing , @percent@ greater at maximum extension , and @percent@ greater during combined adduction-flexion.
however , there was no significant difference between combined adduction-extension and quiet standing.
thickness was not affected by changes in muscle activity.
a large body of research has documented changes in self-esteem across adulthood and individual-difference correlates thereof.
health-related constraints and disabilities as well as lower control beliefs and higher loneliness were each associated with lower self-esteem late in life.
we obtained initial evidence that some of these associations were stronger among the oldest-old participants.
our results corroborate and extend initial reports that self-esteem is , on average , fairly stable into the last years of life.
we discuss possible pathways by which common and often severe late-life challenges may undermine an otherwise relatively robust self-esteem system.
parallel process modeling found that perceived control at age @number@ predicted gains through age @number@ in years of postsecondary education.
postsecondary enrollment at age @number@ did not predict gains in perceived control over time.
parents ' education predicted both higher levels of perceived control and enrollment in full-time postsecondary education at age @number@
further longitudinal research should explore the development and determinants of perceived control across the full life span.
our results showed decreasing cftr and increasing cox2 expression in rat prostate tissues with aging.
pge2 stimulated the proliferation of primary rat prostate stromal cells but not epithelial cells , with increased pcna expression.
the overstimulation of prostate stromal cell proliferation by down-regulation of cftr-enhanced pge2 production and release during aging may contribute to the development of bph.
we investigated the connection between wisdom-related performance , personality , and generativity to further the understanding of how they are interrelated.
our sample consisted of @number@ men and women 68-77 years of age , mostly white , and predominantly middle class.
wisdom was assessed with the performance-based berlin wisdom paradigm , with the remaining measures being mostly self-report.
latent path analysis indicated that the bivariate associations between adjustment and wisdom and between generativity and wisdom were mediated by growth.
caloric restriction has consistently been shown to extend life span and ameliorate aging-related diseases.
study participants underwent two 3-week treatment periods-if and if with anti-oxidant ( vitamins c and e ) supplementation.
we found strict adherence to study-provided diets and that participants found the diet tolerable , with no adverse clinical findings or weight change.
we also found that if decreased plasma insulin levels ( @number@ μu / ml ) .
the link between chronic sun exposure of human skin and harmful clinical consequences such as photo-aging and skin cancers is now indisputable.
these effects are mostly due to ultraviolet ( uv ) rays ( uva , 320-400 nm and uvb , 280-320 nm ) .
the uva / uvb ratio can vary with latitude , season , hour , meteorology and ozone layer , leading to different exposure conditions.
organizations worldwide are currently experiencing shifts in the age composition of their workforces.
cryptorchidism represents a risk factor for infertility and germ cell testicular neoplasia.
an increased rate of cryptorchidism has been reported in subjects with down's syndrome.
expression of pde4 enzymes have been studied in testes of cryptorchid rats.
expression of pde4b protein examination showed marked degenerative changes in the epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules.
this study showed that the pde4b gene was downexpressed in men with ds and cryptorchidism compared to normal controls and ds without cryptorchidism.
a lower expression of the pde4b gene may be involved in the neurological abnormalities in subjects with down's syndrome.
moreover , pde4b gene may be involved in the testicular abnormalities of men with ds and cryptorchidism.
the dorsomedial hypothalamus ( dmh ) controls a number of essential physiological responses.
we have demonstrated that the dmh plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian aging and longevity.
the expression of prdm13 in the hypothalamus increased under diet restriction , whereas it decreased during aging.
prdm13 expression also showed diurnal oscillation and was significantly upregulated in the dmh of long-lived brasto mice.
the transcriptional activity of the prdm13 promoter was upregulated by nkx2-1 , and knockdown of nkx2-1 suppressed prdm13 expression in primary hypothalamic neurons.
dmh-specific prdm13-knockdown mice also exhibited progressive increases in body weight and adiposity.
in comparison with many other organs , estimation of the total cell numbers in the testes is particularly sensitive to methodological problems.
there was a significant decline in the number of sertoli cells with age ; no such decline was found for leydig cells.
quantitative stereological analysis of post mortem tissue may help understand the influence of age or disease on the number of human testicular cells.
background : the present study sets out to determine normal corneal sensitivity in five corneal regions and its changes with age in an iranian population.
all measurements were performed by the same examiner at @number@ degrees centigrade and @number@ per cent humidity between 2 : 00 and @time@ .
since the measurement outcomes were not continuous , the data was analysed using non-parametric statistics.
the five different corneal regions showed significant differences of corneal sensitivity ( p < @number@ ) .
despite abundant evidence that personality development continues in adulthood , little is known about the patterns and sources of personality development in old age.
on average , neuroticism increased , whereas extraversion , conscientiousness , and perceived control significantly decreased over time.
change in perceived control was associated with change in neuroticism and conscientiousness , pointing to particular adaptation mechanisms specific to old age.
we discuss implications for theory on personality development across the lifespan.
here , we pursue a targeted analysis of the trem locus in relation to cognitive decline and pathological features of ad.
methods : clinical , cognitive , and neuropathological phenotypes were collected in @number@ prospective cohorts on aging ( n = @number@ subjects ) .
our primary analysis was an association with neuritic plaque pathology.
to functionally characterize the associated variants , we used flow cytometry to measure trem1 expression on monocytes.
interpretation : we provide evidence that @number@ common variants within the trem locus are associated with pathological features of ad and aging-related cognitive decline.
incidence was calculated using published data and japan's population statistics.
as a general trend , the sex- and age-specific incidence rates of dialysis decreased gradually between @number@ and @number@ except among men aged ≥80 years.
the total number of incident dialysis patients was projected to increase by @percent@ from @number@ @number@ in @number@ to @number@ @number@ in @number@
greater increases were observed in the oldest age group ( ≥85 years ) .
in @number@ the number of incident dialysis patients in this group was projected to increase by @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
convergent activation to all presentation modes was observed in executive and chemosensory association areas.
connectivity was also increased with the lateral entorhinal cortex , a relay to memory networks and central node for contextual modulation of olfactory processing.
these findings suggest a central role of the insular cortex in the transition from mere detection of chemosensory convergence to a superadditive flavor representation.
our study seeks to examine the role of emotional regulation and cognitive control as possible mediators of the association between mindfulness and perceived stress.
in addition , we examined age-related differences in the observed associations among mindfulness , stress , and controlled regulatory behavior.
in addition , computerized measures of cognitive control assessing working memory , inhibitory control , and set-shifting were also administered.
we hypothesized a negative correlation between mindfulness disposition and perceived stress such that participants reporting higher levels of dispositional mindfulness would report lower stress.
in addition , we hypothesized increased difficulties in emotion regulation and lower cognitive control to mediate this relationship.
corroborating previous literature , results revealed that mindfulness disposition and perceived stress were negatively correlated in both groups.
however , emotion regulation , but not cognitive control , was found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress in both groups.
age group was not found to moderate the observed effects.
our findings reveal the role of enhanced emotional regulation abilities as a potential factor associated with the stress-reducing capacity of dispositional mindfulness.
background : the autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are most commonly caused by nucleotide repeat expansions followed by base-pair changes in functionally important genes.
structural variation has recently been shown to underlie spinocerebellar ataxia types @number@ and @number@
methods : we applied single-nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) genotyping to determine whether structural variation causes spinocerebellar ataxia in a family from france.
results : we identified an approximately @number@.5-megabasepair duplication on chromosome 11q21-11q22.3 that segregates with disease.
this duplication contains an estimated @number@ genes.
duplications at this locus were not found in control individuals.
conclusions : we have identified a new spastic ataxia syndrome caused by a genomic duplication , which we have denoted as spinocerebellar ataxia type @number@
finding additional families with this phenotype will be important to identify the genetic lesion underlying disease.
tradition considers that mammalian heart consists of about @percent@ non-myocytes ( interstitial cells ) and @percent@ cardiomyocytes ( cms ) .
anyway , the presence of telocytes ( tcs ) has been overlooked , since they were described in @number@ ( visit www.telocytes.com ) .
also , the number of cardiac stem cells ( cscs ) has not accurately estimated in humans during ageing.
we used electron microscopy to identify and estimate the number of cells in human atrial myocardium ( appendages ) .
three age-related groups were studied : newborns ( @number@ days-1 year ) , children ( 6-17 years ) and adults ( 34-60 years ) .
morphometry was performed on low-magnification electron microscope images using computer-assisted technology.
we found that interstitial area gradually increases with age from @number@ ± @percent@ in newborns to @number@ ± @percent@ in adults.
also , the number of blood capillaries ( per mm ( @number@ ) ) increased with several hundreds in children and adults versus newborns.
cms are the most numerous cells , representing @percent@ in newborns , @percent@ in children and @percent@ in adults.
images of cms mitoses were seen in the 17-day newborns.
interestingly , no lipofuscin granules were found in cms of human newborns and children.
significance : maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is critical for cellular and organismal health.
proper regulation of mitochondrial functions represents a crucial element of overall metabolic homeostasis.
recent advances : new work has illuminated multiple links between mitochondrial sirtuins and cancer.
sirt5 has been shown to regulate the recently described post-translational modifications succinyl-lysine , malonyl-lysine , and glutaryl-lysine.
an understanding of these modifications is still in its infancy.
enumeration of sirt3 and sirt5 targets via advanced proteomic techniques promises to dramatically enhance insight into functions of these proteins.
critical issues : in this review , we highlight the roles of mitochondrial sirtuins and their targets in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis.
furthermore , we discuss emerging roles for mitochondrial sirtuins in suppressing and / or promoting tumorigenesis , depending on the cellular and molecular context.
future directions : currently , hundreds of potential sirt3 and sirt5 molecular targets have been identified in proteomic experiments.
future studies will need to validate the major targets of these enzymes , and elucidate how acetylation and / or acylation modulate their functionality.
the important changes in body composition associated with aging are a decline in skeletal muscle mass and an increase in body fat.
however , there is still no consensus regarding the definition and consequences of so.
the lack of a unified definition for so might contribute to inconsistent findings about the association of so with cmd.
complex etiologies are associated with development of so.
moreover , recent epidemiological studies suggest that so is related to cvd and mortality.
the ultimate goal of this prospects is to encourage conduct of well-designed future studies that elucidate the relationship among sarcopenia , so , and cmd.
methods : fifteen patients diagnosed with congenital aniridia and a control group of forty volunteers were studied.
tears were collected to quantify the levels of diadenosine polyphosphates ap4 a and ap5 a by high-performance liquid chromatography ( h.p.l.c ) .
break-up time ( but ) , corneal staining , mcmonnies questionnaire and the schirmer i test were applied to both groups.
results : dinucleotides in congenital aniridia patients were higher than in control subjects.
congenital aniridia patients showed a normal tear secretion and no dry eye mcmonnies scores , except for the group over @number@ years old.
but values decreased and corneal staining increased with age and correlated with the levels of diadenosine polyphosphates ( p < @number@ ) .
significance : the nematode caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for research into aging.
however , nematodes diverged from other animals between @number@ and @number@ million years ago.
recent advances : there have been a number of results in nematodes that appear to contradict long-held beliefs about mechanisms and causes of aging.
for example , ablation of several key antioxidant systems has often failed to result in lifespan shortening in c. elegans.
in this review we discuss the biology of c. elegans and mammals in the context of aging and age-dependent diseases.
practical points , such as the need for blinding of lifespan studies and for appropriate biomarkers , are also considered.
it is important to explore the dividing lines between these two aspects and to be aware of the large gray areas in-between.
coenzyme q10 ( coq10 ) , also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone , is a powerful , endogenously produced , intracellularly existing lipophilic antioxidant.
it combats reactive oxygen species ( ros ) known to be responsible for a variety of human pathological conditions.
its target site is the inner mitochondrial membrane ( imm ) of each cell.
in case of deficiency and / or aging , coq10 oral supplementation is warranted.
intracellular delivery and mitochondrial target ability issues pose additional hurdles.
to maximize coq10 delivery to its biopharmaceutical target , numerous approaches have been undertaken.
the review summaries the current research on coq10 bioavailability and highlights the headways to obtain a satisfactory intracellular and targeted mitochondrial delivery.
unresolved questions and research gaps were identified to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of therapeutic agents for treatment of different pathologies.
the protein lc3 is indispensible for the cellular recycling process of autophagy and plays critical roles during cargo recruitment , autophagosome biogenesis , and completion.
here , we report that lc3 is phosphorylated at threonine @number@ ( thr ( @number@ ) ) by the mammalian sterile-20 kinases stk3 and stk4.
loss of stk3 / stk4 impairs autophagy in diverse species , indicating that these kinases are conserved autophagy regulators.
we conclude that phosphorylation of lc3 by stk3 / stk4 is an essential step in the autophagy process.
since several pathological conditions , including bacterial infections , display aberrant autophagy , we propose that pharmacological agents targeting this regulatory circuit hold therapeutic potential.
design : study of death certificate data.
we examined associations between place of death and sociodemographic factors , social support , and residential and health care system factors.
results : overall , @percent@ of all deaths were from a dementia-related disease , ranging from @percent@ in mexico to @percent@ in canada.
of those deaths , the proportion occurring in hospital varied from @percent@ in the netherlands to @percent@ in south korea.
hospital death was least likely in the netherlands compared with other countries.
however , proper end-of-life care needs to be ensured in hospitals , should this be the most appropriate end-of-life care setting.
background : reduced cbf has been reported in patients with heart failure ( hf ) .
however , previous work has only examined cbf while supine , although an upright posture common to daily living may lead to further reductions.
cardiac output was estimated from pulse contour analysis and was corrected for body size ( cardiac index ) .
the right internal carotid artery was imaged by using ultrasound to estimate cbf.
results : heart rate increased less in response to the upright posture in hf patients versus control subjects ( p = @number@ ) .
cbf decreased more in response to the upright posture in the hf group than in the control group ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the reduction in cbf was exaggerated in the upright posture in hf patients and may increase the risk for subsequent cognitive impairment.
during aging , progressive deleterious changes increase the risk of disease and death.
evidence is emerging that lncrnas influence the molecular processes that underlie age-associated phenotypes.
here , we review our current understanding of lncrnas that control the development of aging traits.
however , given the limitations of both sample size and genome-wide metrics , this hypothesis has not been comprehensively tested in human populations.
we find a significant association between increased heterozygosity and survival ( p = @number@ ) .
the acupuncture-moxibustion serum has received wide attention as a new idea and method.
methods : seven hundred and sixty-three participants who met the inclusive criteria were divided into different age groups.
the results of palmomental reflex were recorded.
results : the total occurrence rate of palmomental reflex was @percent@.
conclusion : there is a certain connection between hand and face-mouth.
the treatments were given @number@ times per week totally for @number@ weeks.
purpose : in @number@ the act on welfare of physically disabled persons was revised and the visual impairment grading methods were modified.
in this revision , the target size for peripheral visual field measurements was changed from v / 4 to i / 4.
results : the v / 4 isopter area decreased from age @number@ and the i / 4 isopter area decreased significantly from age @number@
the aging slope of the isopter areas were significantly larger in i / 4 than in v / 4.
in age @number@ to @number@ @percent@ showed a smaller i / 4 isopter area than that of the grade @number@ criteria.
in age @number@ to @number@ @percent@ showed a smaller i / 4 isopter area than that of the grade @number@ criteria.
conclusion : in some elderly people , the binocular i / 4 isopter area is smaller than the visual impairment grade @number@ criteria.
conventional methods of gene expression analysis have yielded important insights into amd pathogenesis , but the precise molecular pathway alterations are still poorly understood.
in amd , we identified a graded activation of pathways related to wound response , complement cascade , and cell survival.
also , there was downregulation of two pathways responsible for apoptosis.
furthermore , significant activation of pro-mitotic pathways is consistent with dedifferentiation and cell proliferation events , which occur early in the pathogenesis of amd.
significantly , we discovered new global pathway activation signatures of amd involved in the cell-based inflammatory response : il-2 , stat3 , and erk.
genomic instability , deregulated nutrient sensing and mitochondrial dysfunction are established hallmark of aging.
in addition , nr4a receptors are components of dna repair machinery and promote dna repair.
consequently , we propose that targeting nr4a receptors might constitute a new approach to delay aging and the onset of diseases affecting our aging population.
material and methods : a cross-sectional study was performed in @number@ men aged > 50 years in beijing.
the international index of erectile function ( iief ) -5 and international prostate symptom score were recorded for each patient.
autophagy , a cellular housekeeping process , is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis , particularly in long-lived cells such as cardiomyocytes.
autophagic activity declines with age and may explain many features of age-related cardiac dysfunction.
in this review we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding age-related changes in autophagy in the heart.
recent findings from studies in human hearts are presented , including evidence that the autophagic response is intact in the aged human heart.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
introduction : electronic cigarettes ( e-cigs ) generate aerosols that users inhale.
analyses of e-liquids inconsistently report nicotyrine , a nicotine analog that could impede nicotine metabolism , raising questions about nicotyrine formation.
methods : e-cig aerosols were analyzed on-line using a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph.
a heating duration experiment determined the nicotyrine to nicotine ratio ( nnr ) in particle phase as a function of the duration of e-cig activation.
an aging experiment determined the nnr in e-liquids and aerosols as a function of time since initial exposure to air and storage condition.
results : nicotine and nicotyrine were quantified in all @number@ e-liquids and aerosols.
duration of e-cig activation was inversely related to nnr ( nnr = @number@ with 3-s activation , @number@ with @number@ s ) .
aging influenced both e-liquid nnr and aerosol nnr.
on average , the e-liquid nnr increased from @number@ at @number@ days after opening to @number@ after @number@ days.
for similar heating durations , aerosol nnr increased from @number@ at @number@ days to @number@ after @number@ days.
storage conditions had little effect on nnr.
conclusions : e-cig aerosols have variable nicotyrine quantities.
aerosol nnr depends on vaping technique and time elapsed since the e-liquid was exposed to air.
it is hypothesized that aerosolized nicotyrine could facilitate nicotine absorption , inhibit the metabolism of nicotine , and reduce a user's urge to smoke.
combination antiretroviral therapy ( art ) has increased patient survival , which is currently similar to that of the general population in western countries.
however , art is unable to completely restore normal health , given the persistence of chronic immune activation.
human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection has become a chronic disease and @percent@ of patients will soon be older than @number@ years.
currently , there is a debate on the possibility of accelerated aging in the hiv-infected population.
an overlap has been observed between chronic inflammation , age-related comorbidities , lifestyle , and the long-term toxicity of art.
evidence is available on simplification strategies with boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy aiming to avoid or reduce potential or demonstrated toxicity.
currently , studies are underway of dual therapy strategies with lopinavir / ritonavir ( lpv / r ) with distinct antiretroviral agents.
the studies with the largest samples are those with raltegravir and lamivudine.
the current status of the management of common and important congenital cardiac defects is also described.
design : validation cohort.
setting : general community.
participants : ambulatory older adults without dementia ( n = 104 ) .
interventions : not applicable.
results : the mean age of subjects was @number@.6±4.9 years , and @percent@ ( n = 66 ) were women.
the mean velocity during normal walking was @number@.9±20.6cm / s , and the mean cadence was @number@.1±9.9 steps / min.
neither baseline fall history nor performance of activities of daily living accounted for these differences.
rapid conduction of nerve impulses requires coating of axons by myelin sheaths , which are lipid-rich and multilamellar membrane stacks.
the lipid composition of myelin varies significantly from other biological membranes.
studies in mutant mice targeting various lipid biosynthesis pathways have shown that myelinating glia have a remarkable capacity to compensate the lack of individual lipids.
however , compensation fails when it comes to maintaining long-term stability of myelin.
here , we summarize how lipids function in myelin biogenesis , axon-glia communication and in supporting long-term maintenance of myelin.
we postulate that change in myelin lipid composition might be relevant for our understanding of aging and demyelinating diseases.
this article is part of a special issue titled brain lipids.
background : chronic kidney disease is associated with malnutrition and inflammation.
these processes may lead to loss of skeletal muscle and reduced physical performance.
associations of kidney function with muscle composition and longitudinal measures of physical performance are unknown.
study design : prospective cohort study.
predictor : baseline creatinine clearance ( clcr ) based on 24-hour urine collection.
calf muscle composition assessed by quantitative computed tomography.
limitations : single baseline measurement of clcr and 3-year interval between follow-up visits may lead to nondifferential misclassification and attenuation of estimates.
approximately @number@ participants including principal investigators , postdoctoral fellows , and graduate students were in attendance.
the next meeting is planned for the fall of @number@ in the same venue.
centenarians are a model to study human longevity and the physiological process of aging.
a plethora of studies on this model show the complexity of the system.
laboratory studies fail to find a biomarker of senescence.
vocs exhaled by centenarians have not been studied in the general population and across-age-groups.
we found distinctly different breath pattern and distribution profiles of vocs in the centenarians.
thus , the vocs measurement allowed to discriminate the differences between the age-groups.
we propose a vocs fingerprint as a biomarker underlying the physiological mechanisms of aging and longevity.
longevity should be considered physiologically as a new phase of life , characteristic of the well adapted subject.
background : coronary heart disease ( chd ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in african americans.
however , there is a paucity of studies assessing genetic determinants of chd in african americans.
we tested associations using cox proportional hazard models in sex- and study-stratified analyses and combined results using meta-analysis.
conclusions : our findings suggest that some chd loci previously identified in individuals of european ancestry may be relevant to incident chd in african americans.
aging is a natural process involving complex interplay between environment , metabolism , and genes.
sirtuin genes and their downstream targets have been associated with lifespan in numerous organisms from nematodes to humans.
several target proteins of the sirtuin genes are key sensors and / or effectors of oxidative stress pathways including foxo3 , sod3 , and akt1.
significant associations were detected between human lifespan and snps in genes sirt3 , sirt5 , sirt6 , foxo3 and sod3.
other snps revealed genotype-specific mean survival advantages ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
gender also modified the effect of snps in sirt3 , sirt5 and akt1 on lifespan.
purpose : dynamic visual acuity ( dva ) is a relatively independent parameter for evaluating the ability to distinguish details of a moving target.
methods : twenty-six elderly cataract patients scheduled for binocular cataract surgery and @number@ elderly volunteers without cataract were enrolled in the study.
conclusions : the impact of age-related cataract on dva was more severe than its effects on static visual acuity.
after cataract surgery , not only static vision of the patients was restored markedly , but also the dynamic vision.
dva could be an important adjunct to the current evaluation system of functional vision , thereby meriting additional attention in clinical assessment.
we explored how adaptation alters the perceived age of faces , a fundamental facial attribute which can uniquely and reliably be scaled by observers.
this allowed us to measure how adaptation to one age level affected the full continuum of perceived ages.
adapting to young or old faces induced opposite linear shifts in perceived age that were independent of the model's age.
specifically , after adapting to younger or older faces , faces of all ages appeared @number@ to @number@ years older or younger , respectively.
in contrast , middle-aged adaptors induced no aftereffects.
mitochondrial enzymes monoamine oxidases were thought to be an emerging and useful therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
therefore the identification , characterization and discovery of potent mao-a and b inhibitors is very crucial in research.
a series of quinolyl-thienyl chalcones were tested against mao-a and b. among the screened compounds , most of them revealed potent mao-a and b inhibition.
molecular modelling studies were performed against human mao-a and mao-b for the explanation of binding site interactions.
mscs have been investigated for the treatment of many musculoskeletal disorders , including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
however , these effects have never been compared among mscs isolated from multiple tissue sources in the same , healthy donor.
revealing differences in how mscs are affected by age could help identify an optimal cell source for musculoskeletal therapies targeting older patients.
mscs were isolated from young and old rabbit bone marrow , muscle , and adipose tissue.
cell yield and viability were quantified after isolation procedures , and expansion properties were assessed using assays for proliferation , senescence , and colony formation.
multipotency was also examined using lineage-specific stains and spectrophotometry of metabolites.
results were compared between age groups and among msc sources.
while age reduced overall cell yield and adipogenic potential of all msc populations , osteogenesis and clonogenicity remained unchanged.
these findings indicate the importance of age as a factor when designing cell-based therapies for older patients.
importance : age-related hearing loss affects quality of life.
data on hearing loss among aging human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive ( hiv + ) adults are limited.
pure-tone air conduction thresholds were collected in a sound-treated room for each ear at frequencies from @number@ through @number@ hz.
linear mixed regression models tested the effect of hiv on hearing after adjustment for age , sex , race , and noise exposure history.
differential hiv effects for lpta and hpta and better / worse ear were also examined.
the direction of the effect was consistent across both the better and worse ears.
there were no significant associations between hiv disease variables or treatment variables and lpta or hpta.
conclusions and relevance : the hiv + adults had significantly poorer lower-frequency and higher-frequency hearing than hiv- adults.
high-frequency hearing loss is consistent with an accelerated aging ( presbycusis ) ; low-frequency hearing loss in middle age is unexpected.
because some vowels and consonants have predominantly low-frequency acoustic energy , poor low-frequency hearing may impair communication in hiv + individuals.
less is known about the influence of age and fmr1 gene expression on executive control and postural stability in females with the pm.
here , we examined the attentional demands of reactive stepping using a well-validated measure of choice stepping reaction time under dual-task interference.
our results showed increased dual-task interference on step initiation times and variability in female pm compared with control subjects.
in addition , we observed greater choice stepping reaction time dual-task costs above the breakpoint of @number@ cgg repeats relative to below this cgg range.
dual-task interference on both reaction time and movement time were significantly predicted by low working memory capacity in female pm carriers.
both groups also showed strong functional coupling among sln regions during incorrect trials and in intrinsic patterns of functional connectivity.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : memory & aging.
reduced cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42 and increased retention of florbetapir positron emission tomography are biomarkers reflecting cortical amyloid load in alzheimer's disease.
however , these measurements do not always agree and may represent partly different aspects of the underlying alzheimer's disease pathology.
background and aims : olfactory testing is useful in the differential diagnosis of age-related pathologies.
we did not find a significant difference between men and women or between smokers and non-smokers.
this study compared overhead and first-person view perspective taking abilities in patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and ad.
the results were contrasted with a published perspective taking test ( standardized road-map test of direction sense , rmtds ) .
patients with amci were impaired in the first-person view but not in the overhead view version.
substantial sexual differences were found in the overhead but not in the first-person view aptt version.
the results suggest distinction between overhead and first-person view perspective taking in the impairment of amci patients and the sex differences.
the first-person view perspective taking is a potentially important candidate psychological marker for ad.
our results show an impact of genotype already in middle-age with significantly better performance in at-carriers.
working memory performance in at-carriers did not differ between young and middle-aged subjects , but was significantly impaired in old age.
in gg-homozygotes , severe working memory dysfunction occurred already in middle age.
the case studies presented here are then placed in the context of the literature regarding eb and weight change.
practitioners should emphasize the importance of pa to their patients and take steps to monitor their patients ' involvement in pa.
aging is a natural process accompanied by a progressive accumulation of damage in all constituent macromolecules ( nucleic acids , lipids and proteins ) .
the major cellular proteolytic machineries , namely the proteasome and the lysosome , have been shown to dysfunction during aging and age-related diseases.
this review article focuses on proteasome activation studies in several species and cellular models and their effects on aging and longevity.
moreover , it summarizes findings regarding proteasome activation in the major age-related diseases as well as in progeroid syndromes.
during later life sleep depth ( slow-wave sleep , sws ) and maintenance exhibit deleterious changes , with possible negative effects on daytime function.
this study assessed the effect of chronic , supervised exercise on sleep using laboratory-based polysomnography ( psg ) and repeated measures in older adults.
the exercise challenges consisted of inclined treadmill brisk walking ( 60min , 68-69% v˙o2peak ) .
the intervention successfully improved some parameters of aerobic fitness , i.e. ventilatory thresholds @number@ and @number@ ( p < 0.05 ) .
acute exercise triggered increases in circulating free fatty acids and lactate levels both at baseline and after the intervention ( p < 0.05 ) .
following training , acute exercise reduced total wake time by @percent@ and rem onset latency by @percent@ ( p < 0.05 ) .
acute exercise improved sleep continuity by decreasing total wake time.
these results show that aerobic training could increase sleep depth and continuity , during active days , in elderly men.
in habitual exercisers , these effects of aerobic exercise on sleep , although modest , might counteract those resulting from aging.
the scit had excellent internal consistency , as demonstrated by a high split-half reliability measure ( @number@.88-0.93 ) .
performance on the scit was unaffected by the confounding factors of sex , education level , and mood state.
thus , the scit is responsive to the processes that underpin multiple cognitive domains , rather than being specific for a single domain.
for each session , the subjects were evaluated before and after intervention.
thereafter , the subjects were taken to the gym to perform their exercise sessions or remained at rest during the same time period.
both s1 and s3 comprised a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises , with an interval of @number@ seconds between exercises.
subsequently , the measurements were again performed at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ minutes of recovery ( post-intervention ) in the supine position.
however , it is unknown if mtor inhibition affects aging or its consequences in humans.
rad001 enhanced the response to the influenza vaccine by about @percent@ at doses that were relatively well tolerated.
these results raise the possibility that mtor inhibition may have beneficial effects on immunosenescence in the elderly.
objective : to assess the involvement of small nerve fibers in charcot-marie-tooth type 1a ( cmt1a ) .
we correlated morphologic data with findings from quantitative sensory testing , sudomotor output , sympathetic skin response , and cardiovascular reflexes.
a control population of healthy age- and sex-matched controls was included with a matching ratio of 1 : 2.
results : we found a length-dependent loss of enfs that worsened with aging.
we also observed a loss of mcs , imes , and sudomotor nerves.
sudomotor nerve fiber loss correlated with enf density ( p < @number@ ) and sweating output ( p < @number@ ) .
awareness of such symptoms by the clinician could lead to better treatment.
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) is a multifunctional organelle critical for the proper folding and assembly of secreted and transmembrane proteins.
it results in er homeostasis restoration or in cell death.
senescent cells accumulate with age in tissues and are suspected to play a role in age-associated diseases.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which infection with chlamydia pneumoniae ( cpn ) has been associated.
statistical analysis of the results was performed using the student's t-test.
p-values ≤ @number@ were considered to be significant.
elisa was performed on supernatants from uninfected and cpn-infected thp1 monocytes followed by statistical analysis with anova.
furthermore , cytokine secretion ( il-1β , il-6 , il-8 ) appears to be maintained for an extended period of infection.
background : chronic heart failure , is increasing due to the aging population and improvements in heart disease detection and management.
the prevalence is estimated at ~10% of the french general practice patient population over @number@ years old.
methods : a randomised , cluster controlled trial , stratified over @number@ areas of the auvergne region in france comparing intervention and control groups.
heart failure should be confirmed by the patient's cardiologist according to the european society of cardiology guidelines criteria.
the complex intervention consists of training at the gp practice with an interactive 2-day workshop to provide a patient's education programme.
the patients ' education sessions are scheduled at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months following the start of the trial.
to detect a difference in the mean quality of life at @number@ months , we anticipate studying a minimum of @number@ patients from @number@ gps.
this complex intervention tool could be used during initial and further medical training.
mesotherapy with hyaluronic acid ( ha ) is a treatment approach currently used for skin rejuvenation.
high-frequency ultrasound ( 20-100 mhz ) is a non-invasive technique that has been used to evaluate age-related dermal changes.
the aim of this trial was to evaluate , through ultrasound imaging , the long-term effects of microinjections of ha on sleb echogenicity.
twenty-two women with clinical and ultrasound signs of moderate photoaging were enrolled in the study.
the dorsum of the other hand of each subject was injected with saline solution and used as a control.
in all subjects , high-frequency ultrasound ( @number@ mhz ) was performed to evaluate sleb echogenicity changes during treatment.
eighteen out of @number@ patients completed the study.
however , no group-related differences ( p = @number@.160-0.573 ) were observed for pt nor absolute and relative rtd at 100-200 ms.
objective : to assess the nutritional status of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients with no other associated dementia , according to disease stage.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : neurobehavioral diseases outpatient clinic , clinical hospital , ribeirao preto medical school ( university of são paulo ) .
in addition , body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) .
results : the mean age of the group was @number@ ± @number@ years , @number@ % of them were women.
worse classifications of nutritional status obtained by mna scores were also observed in the more severe stages of the disease , according to the cdr.
no long-term exercise training regimen with high adherence and effectiveness in middle-aged and older people is broadly available in the field.
middle-aged and older men and women [ n = @number@ aged @number@ ± 7 ( sd ) yr ] underwent iwt.
adherence was assessed as training days accomplished relative to the target of @number@ days / wk over @number@ mo.
the effects on the v̇o2peak and lifestyle-related disease score were evaluated every @number@ mo.
thus the long-term iwt program is an effective regimen.
moreover , baseline bmi and sex for all subjects , and smoking and v1a receptor polymorphisms for men , were associated with adherence.
the associations of vitamin d status with bua and bmd were modified by bmi.
furthermore , in lasa-i , these individuals had lower bmd at the hip and lumbar spine.
in lasa-ii , no associations with bua were observed.
vitamin d status was not associated with sos , and these associations were not modified by the effect modifiers tested.
background : there is a lack of consensus on the diagnosis of sarcopenia.
a screening and diagnostic algorithm was proposed by the european working group on sarcopenia in older people ( ewgsop ) .
design : a cross-sectional study.
subjects : three thousand two hundred and sixty community-dwelling individuals , @number@ years and older.
adapted cut-off values lowered the proportion of abnormal results to @percent@ ( quintile-based approach ) and @percent@ ( z-score approach ) .
further research including the objective measure of mm is needed to determine the accuracy of these specific cut-off points.
aging has a profound influence on arterial wall structure and function.
we have previously reported the relationship among pulse wave velocity , age , and blood pressure in hypertensive subjects.
in the present study , we aimed for a quantitative interpretation of the observed changes in wall behavior with age using a constitutive modeling approach.
we allowed elastin stiffness and collagen recruitment parameters to vary and adjusted residual stress parameters according to published age-related changes.
additionally , we required axial force to remain constant over the cardiac cycle.
correspondingly , simulated diameter and wall thickness increased by about @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the latter compared well with a measured thickness increase of @percent@.
one challenge in these prevention trials is sample recruitment bias.
those willing to volunteer for these trials could be socially active , in relatively good health , and have high educational levels and cognitive function.
these participants ' characteristics could reduce the generalizability of study results and , more importantly , mask trial effects.
we also asked for their contact information if they were interested in being contacted as potential participants in the trial.
results : of @number@ surveys returned ( @percent@ response rate ) , @number@ surveys had complete data for all the variables of interest.
trial registration : the trial was registered on @date@ at clinicaltirals.gov ( id number nct01571427 ) .
this apparent inconsistency can be solved by assuming the existence of two mortality regimes : \ "latent \ " and \ "manifest \ " aging.
past a certain level ( and age ) , molecular damage is such that mortality risks start to increase.
a discussion of why this may have happened ensues.
protein glycation is a complex process that plays an important role in diabetes mellitus , aging , and the regulation of protein function in general.
in this paper , a first sensing strategy for protein glycation is proposed , based on protein electroactivity measurement.
concretely , the label-free method proposed is based on the application of a constant-current chronopotentiometric stripping ( cps ) analysis at hg-containing electrodes.
the electrochemical methodology presented here could open up new possibilities in research on protein glycation and oxidative modification.
cognitive psychologists posit several specific cognitive abilities that are measured with sets of cognitive tasks.
for these reasons , latent variables are often considered optimal for describing individual differences in cognitive abilities.
although latent variables cannot be directly observed , all cognitive tasks representing a specific latent ability should have a common neural underpinning.
furthermore , for any task pairing , behavioral and topographic similarities of underlying activation patterns are strongly linked.
background : between- and within-person variation in dna methylation levels are important parameters to be considered in epigenome-wide association studies.
temporal change is one source of within-person variation in dna methylation that has been linked to aging and disease.
illumina humanmethylation450 beadchip was used to measure methylation.
intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) and trend estimates were summarized by genomic location and probe type.
results : the median icc was @number@ across nonsex chromosomes and @number@ on the x chromosome.
there was little difference in icc profiles by genomic region and probe type.
among cpg loci with high variability between participants , more than @percent@ had icc > @number@
statistically significant trend was observed in @percent@ cpg loci before adjustment for cell-type composition and in @percent@ loci after adjustment.
conclusions : for cpg loci differentially methylated across subjects , methylation levels can be reliably assessed with one blood sample.
more samples per subject are needed for low-variability and unmethylated loci.
impact : this study shows that one measurement can reliably assess methylation of differentially methylated cpg loci.
cancer epidemiol biomarkers prev ; 24 ( @number@ ) ; 490-7. ©2014 aacr.
under physiological conditions , there is a production of limited range of free radicals.
in addition , aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in stem cell function , resulting in less effective tissue homeostasis and repair.
also , there is an obvious link between intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and cellular senescence.
working memory ( wm ) and intraindividual variability ( iiv ) in processing speed are both hypothesized to reflect general attentional processes.
two approaches were adopted.
in contrast , in young adults no difference was observed between high- and low-span individuals , whether in terms of their means or iiv.
a description of the model is presented , and early implementation experiences during the first year of the project are reported.
there were @number@ long-stay residents in @number@ facilities enrolled in optimistic between @date@ and @date@ .
root-cause analyses were performed for all @number@ acute transfers of these long stay residents.
the success of the overall initiative will be measured primarily according to reduction in avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay nursing facility residents.
objective : to create and validate a frailty assessment tool for community-dwelling adults aged ≥75 years.
design : longitudinal , population-based study.
setting : the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) .
participants : @number@ women and @number@ men aged ≥75 years from the second wave of share.
the predictive validity of the frailty classification was tested against 2-year mortality and 4-year disability.
results : in both genders , all frailty indicators significantly aggregated into a three-category ordinal latent variable.
the mortality prediction of share-fi75 + was similar to that of the other share frailty scales.
a calculator is supplied for point-of-care use , which automatically replicates the frailty classification for any given measurements.
conclusions : share-fi75 + could help frailty case finding in primary care and provide a focus for personalised community interventions.
further validation in trials and clinical programmes is needed.
objectives : to examine the association between statin use and objectively assessed decline in gait speed in community-dwelling older adults.
design : longitudinal cohort study.
setting : health , aging and body composition ( health abc ) study.
measurements : the independent variables were any statin use and their standardized daily doses ( low , moderate , high ) and lipophilicity.
the primary outcome measure was decline in gait speed of @number@ m / s or more in the following year of statin use.
multivariable generalized estimating equations were used , adjusting for demographic characteristics , health-related behaviors , health status , and access to health care.
results : statin use increased from @percent@ in 1998-99 to @percent@ in @date@ .
similar nonsignificant trends were also seen with the use of hydrophilic or lipophilic statins.
conclusion : these results suggest that statin use did not increase decline in gait speed in community-dwelling older adults.
background and aims : endurance training may reduce orthostatic tolerance.
elderly people are prone to orthostatic intolerance , but the impact of endurance training in old age has been insufficiently explored.
we registered terminations of test due to frank syncope or unbearable presyncopal symptoms.
blood pressures and total peripheral resistance were equal.
syncope or presyncopal symptoms occurred in @number@ persons , @number@ athletes and @number@ controls ( p = @number@ ) .
cox regression analysis showed that higher heart rate at rest was the only variable associated with syncope.
discussion : orthostatic tolerance was not reduced among elderly endurance athletes.
rather , there was a trend towards better orthostatic tolerance , which might be attributed to stronger parasympathetic cardiovascular control and larger blood volume.
conclusions : better orthostatic tolerance might be an additional benefit of physical activity in older age.
androgen receptor ( ar ) signaling is essential for the development of prostate cancer.
here , we report that runt-related transcription factor ( runx1 ) could be a key molecule for the androgen-dependence of prostate cancer.
we found runx1 is a target of ar and regulated positively by androgen.
our runx1 chip-seq analysis indicated that runx1 is recruited to ar binding sites by interacting with ar.
in androgen-dependent cancer , loss of runx1 impairs ar-dependent transcription and cell growth.
repression of runx1 is important for the growth promotion ability of ezh2 in ar-independent cells.
in clinical prostate cancer samples , the runx1 expression level is negatively associated with ezh2 and that runx1 loss correlated with poor prognosis.
these results indicated the significance of runx1 for androgen-dependency and that loss of runx1 could be a key step for the progression of prostate cancer.
it seems that visfatin / nampt plays a role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was calculated and used as a marker of insulin resistance.
in the study group , @number@ subjects were normotensive , @number@ had untreated hypertension , and @number@ had treated hypertension.
our study shows that the presence of hypertension is not associated with the plasma levels of visfatin / nampt in elderly subjects.
plasma visfatin / nampt concentrations positively correlate with inflammation and insulin resistance , and are decreased in the oldest.
several compounds exhibited promising aβ self-assembly and cholinesterase inhibition and in parallel , showed good free radical scavenging properties.
clear lenses ( in humans 49-71 years of age ) were used as control.
conclusions : thiol repair systems were damaged in all types of cataracts.
cortical and nuclear cataracts showed differential g3pd inactivation in the cortex , implying those @number@ type of cataracts might be formed through different mechanisms.
objectives : the inflammatory marker c-reactive protein ( crp ) is associated with depression.
we examined the directional relations between crp and symptoms of depression among older adults.
method : the sample consisted of @number@ participants from the english longitudinal study of ageing , a prospective study of community-dwelling older adults.
crp and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and follow-up.
logistic regressions computed the association between high crp levels at baseline with elevated depressive symptoms at follow-up , and vice versa.
this relationship was no longer significant after simultaneous adjustments for metabolic and health variables.
conclusion : high crp levels at baseline are related to elevated depressive symptomatology at follow-up due to clinical factors.
no association was found in the opposite direction.
recent translational human investigations have demonstrated similar exercise-induced mitochondrial signalling responses in older compared with younger skeletal muscle , regardless of training status.
this is consistent with data indicating normative mitochondrial remodelling responses to long-term exercise training in the elderly.
exercise-induced increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promote an acute redox-regulated stress response that manifests as increased heat shock protein and antioxidant enzyme content.
in this regard , regular exercise training affords some protection but does not completely override age-related defects.
objective : dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( dheas ) appears to have a protective effect against depression , but contrasting findings are available.
results : no baseline differences were found in gds across age- and gender-specific tertiles of serum dheas.
over @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ new cases of depression were recorded.
of them , @number@ among men and @number@ in women were cases of incident severe depression.
there are also potential uses in the areas of anti-aging , skin-whitening , and pigmentation reduction products.
the determination of the vitamin a value of plant foods rich in provitamin a is important but has challenges.
locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin a and prevent deficiency of vitamin a , a remaining worldwide concern.
background : the second derivative of the finger plethysmogram ( sdptg ) comprises five waves termed a to e.
the magnitudes of waves b-e are normalized by that of wave a for within- and between-patient comparison.
in the present study , affects of meal ingestion for sdptg in young and elderly subjects are examined.
subjects and methods : mean arterial pressure and sdptg before and after meal ingestion in young and elderly subjects were measured.
relationship between tpr and the ratio of the peak of sdptg in young subjects was also analyzed.
an increase in the postprandial d / a was also observed in the elderly subjects who were not undergoing hypertension treatment.
however , this increase was not observed in elderly subjects who were treated for hypertension.
conclusions : change in d / a is considered to be an index of change in tpr.
tpr is considered to be decreased by agents for treatment of hypertension , and meal ingestion does not appear to further decrease tpr.
these results are considered to be useful for understanding cardiodynamics surrounding meal ingestion.
objectives : this study evaluates the paulson-lichtenberg frailty index ( plfi ) , a self-report measure that is based on fried's well-established frailty phenotype.
the plfi is examined using longitudinal data from the health and retirement study ( hrs ) database , for which it was developed.
methods : the sample was drawn from the hrs and included @number@ community-dwelling older adults.
frailty was measured using the plfi's five-item frailty index ( wasting , weakness , slowness , falls , and fatigue ) .
on average , frail respondents reported worse self-rated health and had fewer years of education.
women , ethnic minorities , and those who were not partnered were also more likely to be frail.
over subsequent years , frail respondents were more likely to be hospitalized , report more loss of independence , and experience higher mortality rates.
conclusions : the plfi is a valid tool for assessing frailty in the hrs data set.
objectives : to examine the association between multiple measures of visual impairment ( vi ) and incident mobility limitations in older adults.
design : prospective observational cohort study.
setting : memphis , tennessee , and pittsburgh , pennsylvania.
at all follow-up times , the incidence of walking and stair climbing limitations was higher in participants with va , cs , or sa impairment.
conclusion : multiple aspects of vi may contribute to mobility limitations in older adults.
addressing more than one component of vision may be needed to reduce the effect of vision impairment on functional decline.
one of the fundamental rights of every human being is to enjoy \ "the highest attainable standard of health \ ".
in these circumstances , countries in transition , like serbia , face difficult challenges in financing their health systems.
instead , serbia is forced to start reforms to provide a more efficient health system.
the reform processes are positioned within the wider context of european integration and public administration reforms.
focusing on respite activities that match caregivers ' unique needs is likely to result in improved well-being.
we report on a pilot study examining tlc's feasibility and potential benefits and how caregivers viewed their participation.
while additional research is needed to test and refine the intervention , we need to find more creative ways to enhance respite services.
previous research has shown that as people transition to retirement they display heterogeneous growth in outcomes.
typically three subgroups are observed , in which people either increase , decrease , or maintain their scores over time.
survey data were collected from @number@ retirees across three time points.
for life satisfaction , growth mixture modeling identified three distinctly growing subgroups.
the majority maintained their scores over time , and two smaller groups showed increases and decreases in life satisfaction over time.
no subgroups were identified for retirement adjustment.
implications of these results are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
results also failed to support the notion of youthful conceptions having stronger health consequences for baby boomers.
design : rct.
setting : laboratory.
participants : @number@ subjects ( m = @number@ years , range : 61-89 years ) .
intervention : task-oriented visual feedback balance training.
primary outcome measure : timed up & go ( tug ) .
conclusion : active driven visual feedback balance training is effective in improving functional performance and dynamic balance in older adults.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) and aging lead to gait impairments.
some of the disturbances of gait are focused on step length , cadence , and temporal variability of gait cycle.
thirty subjects ( @number@ subjects with pd and @number@ healthy control subjects ) were asked to walk using their natural , preferred gait pattern.
during covert evaluation the gait pattern was modified in all groups.
stride cycle time variability was unchanged significantly ( p = @number@ ) .
these changes were not significantly different compared between elderly and young healthy controls either.
unlabelled : non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) is associated with degenerative diseases.
however , there are a number of indications that ages have protective effects as well.
conclusions : in summary , this indicates that protein glycation behaves like a double-edged sword.
human skin is a primary target of oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generated from both extrinsic and intrinsic sources.
oxidative stress inhibits the production of collagen , the most abundant protein in skin , and thus contributes to connective tissue aging.
ros increased c-jun , a critical member of transcription factor ap-1 complex , and increased c-jun binding to the ap-1 site of the ccn1 promoter.
functional blocking of c-jun significantly reduced ccn1 promoter and gene expression and thus prevented ros-induced loss of type i collagen.
targeting the c-jun / ccn1 axis may provide clinical benefit for connective tissue aging in human skin.
the mean and median of thyroglobulin were calculated in these subgroups.
upper limits were dependent on gender and age.
in general , thyroglobulin serum concentrations higher than @number@ microg / l should be an indicator for determining urinary iodine.
early complications , occurring within days of the procedure , can be divided into non-hypersensitivity and hypersensitivity reactions.
this review will give a detailed overview of the complications secondary to cutaneous collagen injections.
injectable fillers nowadays represent a pillar in facial rejuvenation and make a significant contribution to the success of the treatment.
differentiating the various filler materials , these effects are assigned to histopathology findings and currently available treatment options.
the relatively random spiking times of individual neurons provide a source of noise in the brain.
this stochastic dynamics approach opens up new ways to understand and potentially treat the effects of normal aging on memory and cognitive functions.
accelerated cellular aging , as indexed by telomere attrition in immune cells , is a plausible pathway linking sleep and disease risk.
prior studies linking sleep and telomere length are mixed.
one factor may be reliance on leukocytes , which are composed of varied immune cell types , as the sole measure of telomere length.
multiple linear regression analyses were performed adjusting for age , gender , race , education , bmi , sleep apnea risk , and perceived stress.
among separate aspects of global sleep quality , low perceived sleep quality and decrements in daytime function were most related to shorter telomeres.
in addition , perceived stress moderated the sleep-cd8 + telomere association.
poorer global sleep quality predicted shorter telomere length in cd8 + t cells among those with high perceived stress but not in low stress participants.
this study sought to evaluate the resin microtensile bond strength ( mtbs ) stability of a leucite-reinforced ceramic after different ceramic etching protocols.
etched ceramic surfaces were treated with a silane agent.
bond strength data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) .
aging led to a statistically significant decrease in the mtbs for all groups , except the untreated one ( ne ) .
the neutralization procedure did not enhance the ceramic / resin cement bond strength.
hf acid etching is a crucial step in resin / ceramic bonding.
methods : for this purpose , two apparatus , one for adherent cells and the other for intact rat aorta , were designed and produced.
furthermore , cytosolic and mitochondrial ca ( 2 + ) levels were simultaneously measured in trpc1-silenced huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
the effects of aging on pe-induced responses were also investigated.
results : after soc entry activation , cytosolic ca ( 2 + ) levels were increased , as expected in all hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
mitochondrial ca ( 2 + ) levels following cpa-induced er depletion were significantly ( p < .05 ) diminished in trpc1-silenced huh7 cells.
in addition , trim partially inhibited both 5-ht-induced contractions and cytosolic ca ( 2 + ) levels without affecting cpa and pe responses.
the system also enables the simultaneous measurement of isometric force and cytosolic ca ( 2 + ) levels and promotes understanding vascular physiology and disease.
conclusions : this modified assay generates reliable measurements as judged by correlation with data derived by the telomeric restriction fragment southern blot-based method.
age-related deterioration in cognitive ability may compromise the ability of older adults to make major financial decisions.
we explore whether knowledge and expertise accumulated from past decisions can offset cognitive decline to maintain decision quality over the life span.
that is , cognitive aging does not spell doom for financial decision-making in domains where the decision maker has developed expertise.
these results have important implications for public policy and for the design of effective interventions and decision aids.
methods : this study utilized data acquired during the korean national health and nutrition examination survey ( knhanes ) from 2008-2011.
the three definitions of low appendicular skeletal muscle and the eq-5d-3 l-korean descriptive system were applied to korean older people.
genotype-phenotype correlations and long-term follow-up description in bm remain scarce.
methods : we retrospectively evaluated the long-term clinical evolution , and genotype-phenotype correlations in @number@ genetically identified bm patients ( @number@ index cases ) .
results : nineteen patients showed a typical clinical picture with contractures , proximal weakness and slow disease progression while @number@ presented a more severe evolution.
pathogenic col6a1-3 mutations were mostly missense or in frame exon-skipping resulting in substitutions or deletions.
twenty one different mutations were identified including @number@ novel ones.
skipping of exon @number@ of col6a1 was found in @percent@ of index cases and was mostly associated with a severe clinical evolution.
missense mutations were detected in @percent@ of index cases and associated with milder forms of the disease.
conclusions : long-term follow-up identified important phenotypic variability in this cohort of @number@ bm patients.
pcsk9 levels were @percent@ higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal ( p < @number@ ) females.
changes in endogenous estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle likely contribute to the broad inter-individual variation in pcsk9 and ldl-c in normal females.
pcsk9 levels increase in females after menopause but not in men during this phase in life.
this likely contributes to why ldl-c in women increases in this period.
patients and methods : @number@ patients were randomly divided into two groups , on the basis of conventional treatment.
the experiment group was administrated with α-lipoic acid , while only vitamin c for the control group , for @number@ consecutive weeks.
background : most of the alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) isoenzymes are derived from the bones and liver.
high levels of alp are often encountered during routine blood investigation in elderly patients.
however , because alp includes various isoenzymes from other tissues , an accurate diagnosis is usually not possible on the basis of elevated alp alone.
aims : to identify the cause of increased alp in postmenopausal women.
we analyzed the correlations between alp levels and bone metabolic markers or hepatic function markers.
results : the alp and bap levels of people in their 80s were significantly higher than those of people in their 60s.
with bisphosphonate therapy , the bap decreased , and the elevated alp decreased to normal range levels.
alp was highly and significantly correlated with bap both before and after treatment.
the changes in levels of alp correlated well with the changes in bap levels before and after bisphosphonate therapy.
discussion : bisphosphonate treatment lowered alp levels , and this decrease was strongly correlated with a decrease in bap.
among blood test data , the decrease in bap had the strongest correlation with the alp decrease.
conclusion : for treatment of osteoporosis , alp is an acceptable alternative to bap.
elevated alp in postmenopausal women is mainly caused by high bone turnover.
the past year has seen some extraordinary activity in clinical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) research.
here , we provide a snapshot of some of the main findings in @number@
however , the function of gdf11 in the bone is barely understood.
here we identify gdf11 as a potent regulator of bone homeostasis.
gdf11 level is significantly decreased in the plasma and bone marrow of aging mice and mice with osteoporosis.
gdf11 inhibits the activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ( ppar-γ ) by promoting its sumoylation.
therefore , gdf11 is a critical rheostat for bone turnover and a key integrator of bone homeostasis.
these results reveal that skeletal fragility may be reduced by chronic gdf11 administration.
objectives : this study evaluates the efficacy of an integrated health management program ( ihmp ) based on successful aging in older women.
the intervention , including exercise , health education , and social activities , was performed @number@ hr per week for @number@ weeks.
measures : demographic characteristics , body composition , physical fitness , biomarkers , depression , and social support were measured.
data were analyzed with a wilcoxon signed-rank test , statistical significance levels were set at p < @number@
chair stand ( p = @number@ ) and straight walking test ( p < @number@ ) were significantly improved.
depression ( p = @number@ ) was significantly decreased , and social support ( p < @number@ ) was significantly increased.
methods : fourteen patients with osas and @number@ with rls were compared to @number@ age-matched controls.
all patients were untreated and had a severe degree of disease.
results : rmt was higher in osas than in rls and controls.
csp was shorter in rls only when compared to apneic patients , whereas it was similar between osas and controls.
osas subjects exhibited slightly prolonged central motor conductivity , whereas mep amplitude was smaller in both patient groups.
the ici ratio at isi of @number@ ms was decreased in rls patients only.
the utility of pressure rate constants derived from reservoir-wave analysis in prediction of cardiovascular events is unknown.
carotid blood pressure waveforms were measured prerandomization in a subset of @number@ patients in the second australian national blood pressure study.
reservoir-wave analysis was performed and indices of arterial function , including the systolic and diastolic rate constants , were derived.
survival analysis was performed to determine the association between reservoir-wave parameters and cardiovascular events.
the incremental utility of reservoir-wave parameters in addition to the framingham risk score was assessed.
background : the increased incidence of health challenges with aging means that nurses are increasingly caring for older adults , often in hospital settings.
research about the complexity of nursing practice with this population remains limited.
objective : to seek an explanation of nursing practice with hospitalised older adults.
methods : design.
a grounded theory study guided by symbolic interactionism was used to explore nursing practice with hospitalised older adults from a nursing perspective.
they described their practice environments as hard and under-resourced.
orchestrating care is comprised of two subprocesses : building synergy and minimising strain.
these two processes both facilitated and constrained each other and nurses ' abilities to orchestrate care.
implications for practice : nurses need to be encouraged to share their important perspective about older adult care.
administrators have a role to play in giving nurses voice in workplace committees and in forums.
further research is needed to better understand how multidisciplinary teams influence care of hospitalized older adults.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has a complex and progressive neurodegenerative phenotype , with hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics among the earliest pathogenic events.
this review discusses the importance of early therapeutic intervention during the prodromal stage that precedes irreversible degeneration in ad.
thus far , mitochondrial therapeutic strategies have shown promise at the preclinical stage but have had little-to-no success in clinical trials.
lessons learned from preclinical and clinical therapeutic studies are discussed.
bioenergetic system-level therapeutics personalized to bioenergetic phenotype would target bioenergetic deficits across the prodromal and clinical stages to prevent and delay progression of ad.
in particular , uvb radiation causes formation of specific dna damage photoproducts between pyrimidine bases.
these dna damage photoproducts are repaired by a process called nucleotide excision repair , also known as uv-induced dna repair.
when left unrepaired , uvb-induced dna damage leads to accumulation of mutations , predisposing people to carcinogenesis as well as to premature aging.
regulation of nucleotide excision repair is an attractive avenue to preventing or reversing these detrimental consequences of impaired nucleotide excision repair.
cbln4 immunoreactivity was found in the hippocampus , mostly in the dendrites and somata of pyramidal neurons.
in contrast , knockdown of cbln4 gene in cultured neurons was followed by a large reduction of gabaergic connections.
such an effect was reverted by exogenously added cbln4.
these findings suggest a therapeutic potential for cbln4 in the treatment of ad.
background : the curb-65 score was designed to predict 30-day mortality and decide the site of care of pneumonia.
it is uncertain how age and residential status affect the accuracy of curb-65 score in older patients.
methods : we used combined data from two prospective observational cohorts of adult patients with pneumonia.
older patients aged ≥ @number@ years were analysed.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ were living in the community and @number@ residing in nursing homes.
the 30-day mortality rates of community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) and nursing home-acquired pneumonia ( nhap ) were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
in each age group of cap and nhap , mortality increased with pneumonia severity.
mortality decreased with advancing age in nhap , and the reverse was true for cap.
in nhap but not cap , the proportion of highly severe pneumonia ( curb-65 score ≥ @number@ ) was lower in older patients.
the overall predictive performance of curb-65 score was comparable in cap and nhap.
the accuracy deteriorated with advancing age in nhap but not cap.
conclusions : advancing age adversely affected the predictive performance of curb-65 score in nhap but not cap.
the score was not helpful in guiding the site of care at admission in older patients with pneumonia.
freesurfer is a tool to quantify cortical and subcortical brain anatomy automatically and noninvasively.
previous studies have reported reliability and statistical power analyses in relatively small samples or only selected one aspect of brain anatomy.
surface-based smoothing increases reliability of cortical thickness maps , while it decreases reliability of cortical surface area and volume.
nevertheless , statistical power of all measures benefits from smoothing.
for subcortical regions this number is between @number@ and @number@ subjects , depending on the region.
we also demonstrate the advantage of within-subject designs over between-subject designs.
schizophrenia is associated with structural brain abnormalities that are likely to be present before disease onset.
it remains unclear to what extent these represent general vulnerability indicators or are associated with the developing clinical state itself.
it also remains unclear whether such state or trait alterations may be evident at any given time-point , or whether they progress over time.
sub-cortical reconstructions of the hippocampus and amygdala were generated using the longitudinal pipeline available with freesurfer.
we did not find evidence of altered longitudinal trajectories based on clinical outcome within the high risk cohort.
finally , ca3 neuron loss was detected @number@ months post-injection of ad-tau but not cbd-tau.
thus , ad-tau and cbd-tau represent specific pathological tau strains that spread differentially and may underlie distinct clinical and pathological features of these two tauopathies.
hence , these strains could become targets to develop disease-modifying therapies for cbd and ad.
methods : a total of @number@ @number@ individuals underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scans.
they had an age range of 15-85 years and were grouped by @number@ years.
the distribution of sns along lumbar spine and their relationship with age and gender were examined by single factor analysis of variance chi-square test.
spine specialists performed lumbar disc degeneration evaluations through the pfirrmann's classification system.
the relationship between sns , age group , disc location and overall grades of lumbar disc degeneration were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.
results : the prevalence of sns was @percent@.
and sns were observed more frequently in males than females ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ) ( p < @number@ ) .
no significant inter-group difference existed in the incidence of sns ( p = @number@ ) .
the highest incidence of sns was found in discs with degeneration grades iii ( @percent@ ) and iv ( @percent@ ) .
the occurrence of sn , aging and disc location were positively correlated with lumbar disc degeneration grade.
conclusion : with a high incidence in healthy individuals , sns occur in discs at all degrees of degeneration.
and the occurrence of sns is positively associated with lumbar disc degeneration.
objective : low-grade intestinal inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of ibs.
in this trial , we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of mesalazine in patients with ibs.
design : we conducted a phase @number@ multicentre , tertiary setting , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in patients with rome iii confirmed ibs.
the primary efficacy endpoint was satisfactory relief of abdominal pain / discomfort for at least half of the weeks of the treatment period.
the key secondary endpoint was satisfactory relief of overall ibs symptoms.
supportive analyses were also performed classifying as responders patients with a percentage of affirmative answers of at least @percent@ or > 75% of time.
results : a total of @number@ patients with ibs were enrolled from @number@ centres.
conclusions : mesalazine treatment was not superior than placebo on the study primary endpoint.
however , a subgroup of patients with ibs showed a sustained therapy response and benefits from a mesalazine therapy.
trial registration number : clincialtrials.gov number , nct00626288.
abnormal nfκb activation has been implicated in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the signaling pathways governing nfκb regulation and function in the brain are poorly understood.
the objective of this study was to compare the cognitive , behavioural , and neuropsychiatric symptoms in biomarker-confirmed ad , dlb , and ftd patients.
dlb was diagnosed based on the mckeith diagnostic criteria.
data on patient characteristics including demographics , presenting clinical features , mini-mental state examination , clinical dementia ratings , and neuropsychiatry inventory scores were collected.
all patients had amnesia symptoms , which were not statistically significant.
apraxia was most common in ad.
recurrent hallucinations , fluctuation of consciousness , parkinsonism , and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder were most common in dlb.
conclusion : memory impairment and apathy are not useful discriminative symptoms in diagnosing ad , dlb , and ftd.
apraxia favours ad.
hallucinations , particularly well-formed visual hallucinations , favour dlb.
overall , behavioural and neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia symptoms are common among the three groups of dementia patients.
that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) might be a human-specific disease was hypothesized by rapoport in @number@
despite their early aβ buildup , ape brains have not shown evidence dystrophic neurites near plaques.
we remain reserved about expectations for fully developed ad-like pathology in the great apes of advanced ages and cautiously support rapoport's hypothesis.
worldwide approximately two billion people have a diet insufficient in micronutrients.
even in the developed world , an increasing number of people consume nutrient-poor food on a regular basis.
recent surveys in western countries consistently indicate inadequate intake of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals , compared to recommendations.
the international osteoporosis foundation's ( iof ) latest figures show that globally about @percent@ of the population does not have an optimal vitamin d status.
compelling evidence suggests that improving nutrition protects health , prevents disability , boosts economic productivity and saves lives.
investments to improve nutrition make a positive contribution to long-term national and global health , economic productivity and stability , and societal resilience.
the oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) plays an important role in many chronic and degenerative diseases.
this review summarizes current knowledge of natural polyphenols , including resource , bioactivities , bioavailability and potential toxicity.
aim of this paper is to critically appraise the available guidelines on the non pharmacological management of bpsd.
further studies are necessary to improve the implementation of the non drug strategies for the management of bpsds.
knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) , a leading cause of disability , is more prevalent in women than men.
wearing high heeled shoes has been implicated as a potential contributing factor for the higher lifetime risk of osteoarthritis in women.
at preferred walking speed , knee flexion angle at heel-strike and midstance increased with increasing heel height and weight.
many of the changes observed with increasing heel height and weight were similar to those seen with aging and oa progression.
this suggests that high heel use , especially in combination with additional weight , may contribute to increased oa risk in women.
objective : antipsychotic drugs are commonly used to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
the aim was to investigate if socioeconomic position was associated with antipsychotic drug treatment among older adults with and without dementia.
conclusion : people with dementia were five times more likely to use antipsychotic drugs than the general population of older adults.
this finding highlights the importance of investigating healthcare inequalities also among cognitively impaired older adults.
however , recent trends have yet to be been reported.
herein , we present a multicenter prospective analysis between @number@ and @number@ investigating current trends in the prevalence and characteristics of ipus in japan.
methods : clinical data of all peptic ulcer subjects detected via endoscopy at four participating hospitals were prospectively collected between @date@ and @date@ .
enrolled subjects were classified according to h. pylori infection status and intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for ipus.
results : of @number@ enrolled patients with peptic ulcers , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were judged to have ipus.
conclusions : this study revealed that the prevalence of ipus in patients with peptic ulcers in japan is @percent@ , much higher than previously reported.
presence of multiple underlying comorbid diseases , rather than aging itself , is an important risk factor for ipus.
we predicted that a remote tbi would compound normal age-related cognitive decline , particularly affecting executive function.
while all participants scored in the normal range on the mini-mental state examination , the tbi group scored lower than the non-tbi group.
the irr sequence was collected during ten minutes , breathing spontaneously , in supine position and in the morning , using a heart rate monitor.
after selecting an irr segment ( @number@ min ) with the smallest variance , an auto regressive model was used to estimate the psd.
five principal component coefficients , extracted from psd signals , were retained for analysis according to the mahalanobis distance classifier.
a threshold established by logistic regression allowed the separation of the groups with @percent@ specificity , 83·2% sensitivity and 93·3% total accuracy.
all patients had at least @number@ months of post-treatment follow-up and consolidation therapy duration.
results : the cumulative rate of post-treatment hbv relapse at @number@ years was @percent@.
multivariate analysis revealed that age and baseline hepatitis b surface antigen ( hbsag ) levels independently predicted post-treatment hbv relapse.
a baseline hbsag level of @number@ iu / ml was the optimal cut-off value for predicting post-treatment hbv relapse ( p = @number@ ) .
a prolonged consolidation therapy period of ≥ @number@ or @number@ months had no positive effect on sustained viral suppression.
one explanation for this phenomenon is the complex role testosterone plays in multiple physiologic pathways.
numerous medical co-morbidities and medications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms of td.
the diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum total testosterone level that reliably correlates with symptoms.
this observation is particularly true in the aging male and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays.
aside from diagnostic dilemmas , there are numerous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate.
the available tst agents have changed significantly over the past decade similar to the trends in the diagnosis of td.
therefore , as the usage of tst increases , clinicians will be challenged to maintain an up-to-date understanding of td and tst.
the purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and management of td.
our aim was to investigate whether testosterone levels are associated with serum vitamin d levels and whether seasonal variation exists.
25 ( oh ) d and ft showed similar seasonal or monthly variation after adjustment for age.
in conclusion , we demonstrated a positive correlation between 25 ( oh ) d and testosterone , which showed similar seasonal variation in korean men.
background : muscle ageing contributes to both loss of functional autonomy and increased morbidity.
results : muscle samples were compared between adult ( @number@ years ) and old ( @number@ years ) post-menopausal women.
two-dimensional gel electrophoreses with overlapping ipgs were used to improve the separation of muscle proteins.
our results suggested important modifications in cytosolic , mitochondrial and lipid energy metabolism , which may relate to dysfunctions in old muscle force generation.
in line with muscle contraction , we also identified proteins related to calcium signal transduction ( calsequestrin-1 , sarcalumenin , myozenin-1 , annexins ) .
conclusions : this study describes the most extensive proteomic analysis of muscle ageing in humans , and identified @number@ new potential biomarkers.
accurately recovering the hippocampal shapes against rough and noisy segmentations is as challenging as achieving good anatomical correspondence between the individual shapes.
to address these issues , we propose a mesh-to-volume registration approach , characterized by a progressive model deformation.
our model implements flexible weighting scheme for model rigidity under a multi-level neighborhood for vertex connectivity.
the experimental results showed that the proposed method generated smooth surfaces with less volume differences and better shape similarity to input volumes than others.
the statistical analyses with clinical variables also showed that it was sensitive in detecting subtle shape changes of hippocampus.
type @number@ diabetes is characterised by an age-related decline in insulin secretion.
we previously identified a @percent@ age-related decline in mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) copy number in isolated human islets.
transcriptional silencing of mitochondrial transcription factor a , tfam , decreased mtdna levels by @percent@ in min6 cells.
this level of mtdna depletion significantly decreased mtdna gene transcription and translation , resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and atp production.
glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was impaired following partial mtdna depletion , but was normalised following treatment with glibenclamide.
in conclusion , partial mtdna depletion to a degree comparable to that seen in aged human islets impaired mitochondrial function and directly decreased insulin secretion.
devices and drugs that can be differentiated by producing improved patient outcomes would , therefore , be likely to win market share.
in this perspective article , the current and potential opportunities for the successful delivery and differentiation of new inhaled drug products are discussed.
background : zebrafish have become a valuable model for the study of developmental biology and human disease , such as cardiovascular disease.
it is difficult to discriminate between disease-related and age-related alterations.
objective : this study was aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of age-related cardiac modifications in an older zebrafish population.
methods : in this study , we calculated the survival rate and measured the spinal curvature through the aging process.
a swimming challenge test was performed and showed that swimming capacity and endurance dramatically dropped in older fish groups.
the specimens were subjected to inflation testing , and the full-field displacement maps were measured by digital image correlation.
after testing , the collagen fiber structure was mapped using wide-angle x-ray scattering.
age effects on the fiber structure and material properties were estimated using multivariate models accounting for spatial autocorrelation.
the most prominent characteristics of mitochondrial aging are their structural alterations and mitochondrial dna damage.
the mechanisms of mitochondrial genome damage in the development of chronic age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis are not yet well understood.
importance : recently , a rare variant in the amyloid precursor protein gene ( app ) was described in a population from iceland.
participants were ascertained at multiple university-associated medical centers and clinics across the united states and sweden by study-specific sampling methods.
they were from case-control studies , community-based prospective cohort studies , and studies that ascertained multiplex families from multiple sources.
the remaining us samples were homozygous for the alanine ( a673 ) allele.
in the swedish samples , @number@ controls were heterozygous for a673t and all ad cases were homozygous for the a673 allele.
this variant may be primarily restricted to icelandic and scandinavian populations.
glutathione ( gsh ) plays an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside cells.
currently , there are no methods available to quantitatively assess the gsh concentration in live cells.
live cell fluorescence imaging revolutionized the field of cell biology and has become an indispensable tool in current biological studies.
in this contribution , we report the first fluorescent probe-thiolquant green ( tq green ) -for quantitative imaging of gsh in live cells.
tq green imaging can also resolve the changes in gsh concentration in panc-1 cells upon diethylmaleate ( dem ) treatment.
in addition , tq green can be conveniently applied in fluorescence activated cell sorting ( facs ) to measure gsh level changes.
it has been shown that pathogen-specific secretory iga ( siga ) antibody ( ab ) is the major player at mucosal surfaces for host defense.
signs of mucosal senescence first appear in the gut immune system.
further , changes in the intestinal microbiota most likely influence mucosal immunity.
similarly , microfold ( m ) cells involved in the antigen ( ag ) uptake are ideal targets for facilitating ag-specific mucosal immune responses.
however , the numbers of m cells are reduced in aged mice.
they are the part of important mechanism which is responsible for the process of aging and the development of many diseases.
the most important effects result from dna damage , due to the mutations formation , which can lead to the development of tumors.
however , a well-functioning repair systems ( i.a. homologous recombination ) remove the damage and prevent harmful changes in the cells.
lipid peroxidation products also cause oxidative modification of nucleic acids ( and proteins ) .
proteins and fats also have repair systems , but much simpler than those responsible for the repair of nucleic acids.
frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) is a progressive neurologic syndrome with diverse clinical presentations and attendant underlying pathologies.
while neuropsychiatric symptom measures are helpful , more sensitive assessments delineating the specific behavioral and linguistic deficits accompanying ftd are needed.
comprehensive clinical assessment in combination with evaluation of language , socio-emotional functioning , cognition and neuroimaging aid in accurate and early diagnosis and treatment planning.
cellular senescence is described to be a consequence of telomere erosion during the replicative life span of primary human cells.
quiescence should therefore not contribute to cellular aging but rather extend lifespan.
both , long-term quiescent and senescent fibroblasts almost completely fail to undergo apoptosis.
the transition of long-term quiescent fibroblasts into senescence is also independent of hes1 which protects short-term quiescent cells from becoming senescent.
most significantly , dna damage accumulates during senescence as well as during long-term quiescence at physiological oxygen levels.
we suggest that telomere-independent , potentially maintenance driven gradual induction of cellular senescence during quiescence is a counterbalance to tumor development.
the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) is the most broadly used cognitive screening instrument in clinical and research contexts.
education level and age significantly contributed to the prediction of the mmse scores and explained @percent@ of its variance.
according to these results , age and education were considered in the development of the normative data of the mmse for the portuguese population.
bdnf is present in both the gray and white matters of the brain.
it is unclear whether bdnf abnormalities in schizophrenia are specific to gray and / or white matter.
objective : we hypothesized that the age-related bdnf decline is abnormal and contributes to the reduced bdnf in schizophrenia.
samples were selected across the adult lifespan from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
pfc bdnf was linearly lower from @number@ to @number@ years of age in nonpsychiatric comparisons.
in schizophrenia , the age effect was similarly linear in younger patients but a decline did not occur in older patients.
background / aims : accurate staging of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is very important.
we tried to identify difference in gfr evaluation between ckd-epi and gates method with renal scintigraphy and which variables are associated with these differences.
methods : we retrospectively reviewed the records of @number@ patients who underwent dynamic renal scintigraphy in the last @number@ years.
patients were categorized according to kdigo staging i to v , using the egfr calculated with the ckd-epi equation.
secondarily , we stratified patients according to treatment with renin-angiotensin system ( ras ) inhibitors.
the division in quartiles of ages showed an underestimation of gfr only in the first quartile of age ( < @number@ years old ) .
gates method underestimation of gfr was more pronounced in stage i patients treated with ras inhibitors ( mean @number@ ml / min ) .
the same occurs in stage ii , even though to a lesser extent.
conclusion : the assessment of gfr by the gates method must be carefully considered in the early stages of ckd , especially in younger patients.
moreover , the difference is more pronounced in patients treated with ras inhibitors.
longitudinal studies will prove which method better predicts cardiovascular or renal events.
participants also provided a 3-cm-long hair strand to index cortisol accumulation over the past @number@ months.
results : factor analysis results replicated the two-dimensional structure of the future time perspective scale.
both dimensions were then found to have unique associations with well-being.
conclusion : results replicate and extend previous research by pointing to the multi-dimensional nature of the future time perspective scale.
biodemography is a promising scientific approach based on using demographic data and methods for getting insights into biological mechanisms of observed processes.
another important recent development is the discovery of long-term ' memory ' for early-life experiences in longevity determination.
as recent studies found , even the place and season of birth matter for human longevity.
brown adipocytes are responsible for thermogenesis and could therefore counter obesity by increasing energy expenditure.
we here discuss the hypothesis that the age-related loss of brown adipocyte regenerative capacity is a result of dysfunctional stem / progenitor cells.
the possible molecular mechanisms that lead to an age-related decline in brown adipogenic stem / progenitor cell function include cell-autonomous and external effects.
general loss of mitochondrial biogenesis and function has repeatedly been linked to age-related perturbation of metabolic processes.
finally , age-related changes of endocrine signals have been proposed to exacerbate the loss of brown adipose tissue.
strong consensus exists regarding the most robust environmental intervention for attenuating aging processes and increasing healthspan and lifespan : calorie restriction ( cr ) .
over @number@ years ago , we proposed that glycolytic inhibition could be an effective strategy for developing crm.
there remains interest in 2dg as a crm but at lower doses.
beyond the proposal of 2dg as a candidate crm , the field has grown steadily with many investigators proposing other strategies , including novel anti-glycolytics.
research focused on downstream sites has included insulin receptors , igf-1 receptors , sirtuin activators , inhibitors of mtor , and polyamines.
cortical dynamics were examined during a cognitive-motor adaptation task that required inhibition of a familiar motor plan.
this study extends our understanding of the role of frontal executive beyond purely cognitive tasks to cognitive-motor tasks.
objective : findings on weight training and waist circumference ( wc ) change are controversial.
multiple linear regression models ( partition / substitution ) to assess these associations were used.
substituting @number@ min / day of weight training for any other discretionary activity had the strongest inverse association with wc change.
mvaa had the strongest inverse association with bw change ( @number@ kg , @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : among various activities , weight training had the strongest association with less wc increase.
studies on frequency / volume of weight training and wc change are warranted.
scanpaths have played an important role in classic research on reading behavior.
nevertheless , they have largely been neglected in later research perhaps due to a lack of suitable analytical tools.
however , the sentences used in that study were difficult to process and scanpath effects accordingly strong.
all predictions were confirmed : sentences with short words and syntactically more difficult sentences elicited more irregular scanpaths.
also , older readers produced more irregular scanpaths than younger readers.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) is a major cardiovascular risk factor.
persistent platelet activation plays a key role in atherothrombosis in t2dm.
however , current antiplatelet treatments appear less effective in t2dm patients vs nondiabetics at similar risk.
this review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms related to oxidative stress and contributing to suboptimal aspirin action or responsiveness.
most myocardial bridges involve the left anterior descending artery and are observed in 14-35% of patients.
methods : we performed a literature review of mb , with a particular emphasis on electrocardiographic manifestations.
ecg changes are not specific for mb and resting ecg is often normal or presents st segment anomalies.
myocardial perfusion deficits at scintigraphy are neither obligatory nor specific.
conclusion : although mb may lead to myocardial ischemia during stress , its clinical presentation and electrocardiographic findings are not specific.
to address this , a community sample of @number@ children completed the sret and a depressive symptoms measure at ages @number@ and @number@
negative and positive processing exhibited low , but significant , stability.
at ages @number@ and @number@ depressive symptoms correlated with higher negative , and lower positive , sret processing.
importantly , lower positive processing at age @number@ predicted increased symptoms at age @number@
this suggests that less positive processing may reflect vulnerability for future depressive symptoms.
the limited durability of prosthetic cardiac valves together with an aging population will present ongoing management challenges.
these disruptions have not been empirically related to psychological and cognitive pathways to suicide.
impulsivity was assessed with the social problem solving inventory impulsivity / carelessness style subscale and barratt impulsiveness scale.
the suicide intent scale planning subscale was used to describe the degree of planning associated with the most lethal attempt.
results : depression and history of attempted suicide were not associated with neural responses to angry faces , failing to replicate earlier studies.
higher impulsivity , however , predicted exaggerated responses to angry faces in fronto-opercular and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex ( pcorr < 0.05 ) .
poorly planned suicide attempts also predicted increased fronto-opercular responses.
conclusion : impulsive traits and history of unplanned suicide attempts partly explain the heterogeneity in neural responses to angry faces in depressed elderly.
displays of social emotion command excessive cortical processing in impulsive suicide attempters.
susceptibility to environmental stressors has been described for fetal and early childhood development.
the number of subjects per group was between @number@ and @number@
the levels of cd and cotinine were adjusted for creatinine level.
there was no significant difference in creatinine and cotinine levels between genders and age groups.
there was a significant correlation between levels of cadmium and creatinine in all children of both genders.
this shows that even at such low levels the possible effect of cadmium on kidney function was present and measurable.
an increase in cd levels was evident with age.
cadmium levels were significantly different between 6-7 year old girls , @number@ year old boys and 10-11 year old girls.
the impact of low cd levels on kidney function and gender differences in cd levels needs further investigation.
cold soak had no effect on the basic chemical composition of the wines.
at pressing , cs wines were more saturated and with a higher red component than control wines.
after @number@ year of bottle aging , cs wines retained @percent@ more anthocyanins than control wines , but tannins and total phenolics remained unaffected.
both saturation and the red component of colour were slightly higher in cs wines.
cold soak had no effect on perceived aroma , bitterness , astringency , and body of the wines.
principal component analysis suggested that the outcome of cs is contingent upon the specific cultivar to which the cs technique is applied.
genome-wide association studies ( gwass ) have revealed snp rs889312 on 5q11.2 to be associated with breast cancer risk in women of european ancestry.
chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed diminished gata3 binding to the minor ( cancer-protective ) allele of rs17432750 , indicating a mechanism for its action.
we propose that the cancer risk alleles act to increase map3k1 expression in vivo and might promote breast cancer cell survival.
young adult childhood cancer survivors are at an increased risk of frailty , a physiologic phenotype typically found among older adults.
this phenotype is associated with new-onset chronic health conditions and mortality among both older adults and childhood cancer survivors.
to the authors ' knowledge , interventions to prevent or remediate frailty among childhood cancer survivors have not been tested to date.
pharmaceutical , nutraceutical , and lifestyle interventions have demonstrated some promise.
aim : published data on thrombin generation variables and their correlation with thromboelastometry in the healthy population are scarce.
this study aimed at assessing thrombin generation in adults and its correlation to classical rotational thromboelastometry ( rotem ) .
lag time , thrombin peak , time to thrombin peak and endogenous thrombin potential ( etp ) were analyzed.
results : altogether @number@ persons ( @number@ men , @number@ women ; median age : @number@ years ) were included.
conclusion : the age-related changes in cat and rotem variables among adults are not linear.
objective : we examined psychosocial and informational services used by long-term survivors of breast , colon and prostate cancer in immigrants versus non-immigrants.
methods : patients were sampled from population-based cancer registries in germany.
they completed a questionnaire assessing immigration biography , service use and socio-demographic characteristics.
results : data of @number@ cancer survivors were collected of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were immigrants.
there was no evidence of an association between immigration status and service use.
however , immigration biography played a role when patients ' and their parents ' birthplace were taken into account.
when parents were born outside europe , survivors less frequently used information from the internet ( oradj @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
web-based information ( oradj @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) was less frequently used when the participant was born outside germany.
conclusion : the differences in the use of psychosocial and informational services between immigrants and non-immigrants seem to be generally small.
acculturation may play a role in service uptake.
in survey-based health services research , investigators should not stratify by census-defined immigration status , but rather by cultural background.
in addition , we examined environmental and genetic contributions to variances in hcy concentration by gender and age groups.
we found that the distribution pattern for hcy varied by both age and gender.
males had higher hcy than females across all ages.
elevated hcy was found in @percent@ of male adults and @percent@ of female adults.
moreover , nearly one fifth of children had elevated hcy.
genetic factors could explain @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ of the variation in hcy concentration among children , male adults and female adults , respectively.
the mthfr c677t variant was significantly associated with hcy concentrations.
smokers with the tt genotype had the highest hcy levels.
overall , our results indicate that elevated hcy is prevalent in the children and adults in this rural chinese population.
the early identification of elevated hcy will offer a window of opportunity for the primary prevention of cvd and metabolic syndrome.
it has been firmly established that ageing constitutes a principal risk factor for cardiac disease.
currently , the underlying mechanisms of ageing that contribute to the initiation or acceleration of cardiac disease are essentially unresolved.
either or both ways , the normal protein homeostasis in the cell is affected , resulting in aberrant and misfolded proteins.
should such misfolded proteins escape the protein quality control ( pqc ) system , they become proteotoxic and accelerate the loss of cellular integrity.
impairment of pqc plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ageing-related neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson's , huntington׳s , and alzheimer׳s disease.
finally , we discuss the potential of boosting the pqc system as an innovative therapeutic target to treat cardiac disease in the elderly.
the aging of humans is a physiological and dynamic process ongoing with time.
in accordance with most gerontologists ' assertions it starts in the fourth decade of life and leads to death.
the process of human aging is complex and individualized , occurs in the biological , psychological and social sphere.
it is a natural and irreversible process which can run as successful aging , typical or pathological.
psychical ageing refers to human awareness and his adaptability to the ageing process.
among adaptation attitudes we can differentiate : constructive , dependence , hostile towards others and towards self attitudes.
social ageing is limited to the role of an old person is culturally conditioned and may change as customs change.
social ageing refers to how a human being perceives the ageing process and how society sees it.
we investigated the latest chronological change ( 1995-2014 ) in gastric acid secretion in normal japanese patients.
gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was estimated with the endoscopic gastrin test.
the association between gastric acid secretion and chronological period was assessed with a multivariate linear regression analysis.
however , the apparent increase was largely related to the relative decreasing rate of h. pylori infection , which profoundly inhibited gastric acid secretion.
interprosthetic femoral fracture is a rare and challenging fragility fracture issue.
due to aging of the population , the incidence of this type of fracture is gradually and constantly increasing.
there is no complete and specific interprosthetic femoral fracture classification system that indicates treatment and prognosis in the literature.
objectives : the aim of the current study was to develop sex and age-adjusted criterion-referenced fitness standards to predict independent physical functioning into later life.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : national survey of physical fitness and physical activity , portugal.
participants : a national representative sample of @number@ non-institutionalized older adults ( 65-84years ) .
results : roc curve analysis showed that the fitness tests were good in diagnosing physical independence ( auc > 0.7 ) .
alterations of the cellular redox status have not been previously studied in ks.
here we explored the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this rare cutaneous disease.
the mitochondrial structure and functionality were analyzed by confocal microscopy and electron microscopy.
electron microscopy analysis of both , ks skin biopsies and keratinocytes showed marked morphological mitochondrial abnormalities.
consistently , confocal microscopy studies of mitochondrial fluorescent probes confirmed the mitochondrial derangement.
imbalance of oxidative stress biomarkers together with abnormalities in the mitochondrial network and function are consistent with a pro-oxidant state.
conclusions : this is the first study to describe mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress involvement in ks.
methods : we made a non-interventional , prospective , observational study in elderly institutionalized people.
comorbidities and information on treatments were obtained.
function and cognition were measured using the katz index , the tinetti balance and gait , lower extremity function tests and the mini-mental test.
at the inclusion , the analytical was made including cystatin c. falls were recorded for @number@ months after inclusion.
dyslipidemia , hypertension and antihypertensive treatment were associated with an increased risk of falls.
cystatin c was higher in patients with falls ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : female sex , cognitive impairment and cystatin c were risk factors for falls in non-dependent institutionalized elderly people.
objectives : this study examined whether stereotypes may predict health outcomes independently from their internalization into the self.
discussion : this study confirmed that endorsement of age stereotypes of pa predicted subjective vitality among active older adults.
these results suggest that stereotypes may be related to health-related outcomes notably through ego depletion effects.
objectives : aging is associated with declines in executive function and episodic memory.
the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between crf and cognition in young and oa and whether crf mitigates age-related cognitive decline.
methods : participants completed exercise testing to evaluate crf ( peak vo2 ) and neuropsychological testing to assess cognition.
in young adults ( ya ) , a relationship between peak vo2 and cognition was not evident.
high-fit oa performed as well as ya on executive function measures.
on episodic memory measures , ya performed better than high-fit oa , who in turn performed better than low-fit oa.
conclusions : crf is positively associated with executive function and episodic memory in oa and attenuates age-related cognitive decline.
exposure to lifetime sles was ascertained by self-completion questionnaire , and beat-to-beat orthostatic bp measurement was carried out.
individuals who failed to recover at least @percent@ of their baseline bp by @number@ s post stand were characterized as having impaired orthostatic bp recovery.
this relationship was not evident for diastolic bp recovery.
conclusion : the reporting of a higher number of sles is associated with greater risk of impaired systolic bp recovery from orthostatic stress.
potential clinical implications include an increased risk of cerebral hypoperfusion , which predisposes older adults to falls , faints , and changes in cognitive status.
previous studies suggest low vitamin k status is associated with higher osteoarthritis ( oa ) prevalence and incidence.
conclusion : community-dwelling men and women with very low plasma pk were more likely to have progression of articular cartilage and meniscus damage.
plasma ( dp ) ucmgp was associated with presence of knee oa features but not progression.
future studies are needed to clarify mechanisms underlying vitamin ks role in oa.
three experiments examined children's and adults ' abilities to use statistical and temporal information to distinguish between common cause and causal chain structures.
participants of all ages preferentially relied on the temporal pattern of events in their inferences , even if this conflicted with statistical information.
in experiments @number@ and @number@ participants observed a series of interventions on the system , which in these experiments operated deterministically.
in experiment @number@ participants found it easier to use temporal pattern information than statistical information provided as a result of interventions.
however , there may also be an inherent preference for temporal information.
visual short term memory ( stm ) declines as people get older , but the nature of this deterioration is not well understood.
results demonstrated an age-related decline in both object identification and localization.
deterioration in localization performance was apparent even when only @number@ item had to be remembered , worsening disproportionately with increasing memory load.
more important , there was no evidence for a significant decrease in object-location binding with increasing age.
these mode effects were more pronounced with older baseline age , but only for the negative psychosocial measures.
mode effects also became stronger over time for reports of negative affect.
for reports of depressive symptoms , but not positive affect , mode effects were more pronounced with age and time.
together , the results underscore how mode effects may contribute to inconsistent findings in the socioemotional aging literature.
two studies are reported representing the first use of mobile eye tracking to study emotion regulation across adulthood.
study @number@ replicated this pattern with an adult life span sample including middle-aged individuals.
emotion regulation-relevant attention may thus differ depending on whether stimuli are freely chosen or not.
for mt5178a genotypic men , coffee consumption possibly reduced the risk of anemia ( p for trend = @number@ ) .
however , after the aforementioned adjustment , the statistical significance disappeared ( p for trend = @number@ ) .
background : nitric oxide ( no ) is a pleiotropic messenger molecule.
the multidimensional actions of no species are , in part , mediated by their redox nature.
oxidative posttranslational modification of cysteine residues to regulate protein function , termed s-nitrosylation , constitutes a major form of redox-based signaling by no.
scope of review : s-nitrosylation directly modifies a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in neurons.
s-nitrosylation modulates neuronal development by reaction with specific proteins , including the transcription factor mef2.
this review focuses on the impact of s-nitrosylation on neurogenesis and neuronal development.
major conclusions : functional characterization of s-nitrosylated proteins that regulate neuronal development represents a rapidly emerging field.
recent studies reveal that s-nitrosylation-mediated redox signaling plays an important role in several biological processes essential for neuronal differentiation and maturation.
general significance : investigation of s-nitrosylation in the nervous system has elucidated new molecular and cellular mechanisms for neuronal development.
s-nitrosylated proteins in signaling networks modulate key events in brain development.
dysregulation of this redox-signaling pathway may contribute to neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) .
thus , further elucidation of the involvement of s-nitrosylation in brain development may offer potential therapeutic avenues for neurodevelopmental disorders.
this article is part of a special issue entitled redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
few prospective studies have used fatty acid biomarkers to assess associations with type @number@ diabetes.
usual diets were assessed by using repeated food-frequency questionnaires.
multivariable linear and cox regression were used to assess associations with metabolic risk factors and incident diabetes , respectively.
during @number@ person-years , @number@ incident diabetes cases occurred.
in secondary analyses , vaccenic acid was inversely associated with diabetes ( hr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ p-trend = @number@ ) .
other fatty acid biomarkers and estimated dietary sfas or mufas were not significantly associated with incident diabetes.
these results indicate a need for additional investigation of biological mechanisms linking specific fatty acids in the dnl pathway to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
objective : the objective was to investigate how multivitamin use is associated with the long- and short-term risk of cvd.
at baseline , women self-reported a wide range of lifestyle , clinical , and dietary factors.
women were categorized into @number@ ) no current use and @number@ ) current use of multivitamins.
duration and updated measures over the course of the follow-up to address short-term effects were also considered.
women were followed for major cvd events , including myocardial infarction ( mi ) , stroke , and cvd death.
additional studies are needed to clarify the role of multivitamins on cvd.
background : short sleep duration has been associated with greater risks of obesity , hypertension , diabetes , and cardiovascular disease.
also , common genetic variants in the human circadian locomotor output cycles kaput ( clock ) show associations with ghrelin and total energy intake.
conclusions : our results indicate that longer habitual sleep duration is associated with lower bmi and age- and sex-specific favorable dietary behaviors.
ages have been associated with insulin resistance , oxidative stress , and chronic inflammation in patients with diabetes.
dietary ages are an important contributor to the age pool in the body.
n ( ϵ ) - ( carboxymethyl ) lysine ( cml ) age is one of the major biologically and chemically well-characterized age markers.
the consumption of red meat , which is cml-age rich , has been positively associated with pancreatic cancer in men.
design : multivariate cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hrs and @percent@ cis for pancreatic cancer.
aging and its aligned loss of muscle mass are associated with higher levels of dna damage and deteriorated antioxidant defence.
to improve the body's overall resistance against dna damage , maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle is desirable , especially in the elderly.
dna damage was detected by performing the single cell gel electrophoresis ( comet ) assay.
physical fitness was assessed using the chair rise , the 6-min-walking and the handgrip strength test.
in addition , antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) , glutathione peroxidase ( gsh-px ) and catalase ( cat ) were analysed.
contrary to the time effects , no difference between groups was detected for any parameter at any time point.
many misconceptions surround the role of dietary protein in the management of diabetes.
although dietary recommendations for managing diabetes have changed greatly over the centuries , recommended protein intake has remained relatively constant.
these misconceptions have been disproven.
for many people with type @number@ diabetes , aiming for 20-30% of total energy intake as protein is the goal.
exceptions may be for those individuals with impaired renal function.
although obesity is prevalent worldwide , few studies have investigated how obesity interacts with folate status.
methods : a nationally representative sample of @number@ adults from the nhanes ( 2003-2006 ) was used as the study population.
in contrast , rbc folate increased incrementally with bmi.
regression analyses demonstrated an inverse relation between bmi and serum folate but a positive relation for rbc folate ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : in summary , obesity is associated with decreased serum folate , which parallels decreased folate intakes.
in contrast , obesity is positively associated with rbc folate.
future research is needed to understand how obesity differentially alters serum and rbc folate status because they are associated with a variety of medical complications.
this was done using a battery consisting of seven previously validated cognitive function tests assessing both global function and specific domains.
results : cognitive test data were available for @number@ men and women taking part in epic-norfolk @number@
some sex differences were also observed.
conclusion : descriptive data are presented for this general population sample of older men and women.
there is a wide range of cognitive performance seen in this population.
though average performance declines with age , there is large individual variability across different cognitive domains.
these variations may provide insights into the determinants of cognitive function in later life.
rho signaling regulates a variety of biological processes , but whether it is implicated in aging remains an open question.
thus , gene reporter analysis revealed widespread osg-1 expression in muscle and neurons.
loss of osg-1 gene function was not associated with developmental defects.
rnai analysis showed that osg-1 was specific toward activation of rho-1 gtpase signaling.
rnai further implicated actin-binding proteins arx-3 and arx-5 , thus the actin cytoskeleton , as one of the targets of osg-1 / rho-1 signaling.
gingival wound healing comprises a series of sequential responses that allow the closure of breaches in the masticatory mucosa.
this process is of critical importance to prevent the invasion of microbes or other agents into tissues , avoiding the establishment of a chronic infection.
recent experimental data have shown that gingival wound healing is severely affected by the aging process.
these defects may alter distinct phases of the wound-healing process , including epithelial migration , granulation tissue formation , and tissue remodeling.
in this review , we explore the cellular and molecular basis of these defects and their possible clinical implications.
yet little has been known about the details of their characteristics in terms of patient types or differences / similarities across regions.
results : the cluster analysis suggested five categories for home-visit nursing agencies based on the type of service delivery system.
the findings would be valuable both in japan as well as in other countries with rapidly growing aging populations.
we show how oculomotor data can be converted into direction- and speed-tuning oculometric functions , with large increases in efficiency over traditional button-press psychophysics.
we also show how the latter two can be converted into standard visual psychometric thresholds.
to assess our paradigm , we first tested for the psychometric criterion of repeatability , and report that our metrics are reliable across repeated sessions.
background and aim : chronic diseases , like dementia , can lead to care dependency and nursing care problems.
results : significantly more residents with than without dementia are completely or to a great extent care dependent ( @number@ vs. @number@ % ) .
urinary incontinence is high even in early dementia at @number@ % , reaching @number@ % in severe dementia.
conclusion : these results highlight areas in which dementia care needs further improvements.
the authors suggest maximizing residents ' independence to stabilize care dependency and improve incontinence care.
furthermore , longitudinal studies are recommended to deepen insight into the development of care dependency and nursing care problems in dementia residents.
schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental diseases found in humans.
however , current results are conflicting in asian population.
a pooled odds ratio ( or ) with @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) was used to assess the association.
to validate the association between rs1344706 and schizophrenia , further studies with larger participant populations worldwide are needed.
introduction : all elderly germans are legally obliged to have health insurance.
about @number@ % of this population are members of social health insurances ( shi ) whose premiums are generally income-related and independent of health status.
for most of these members , holding social health insurance is mandatory.
as a consequence , genuine information about preferences for health insurance is not available.
the aim of this study was therefore to determine and analyze the willingness to pay ( wtp ) for health insurance among elderly germans.
methods : data from a population-based 8-year follow-up of a large cohort study conducted in the saarland , germany was used.
participants aged 57-84 years passed a geriatric assessment and responded to a health economic questionnaire.
individuals ' wtp was elicited based on a contingent valuation method with a payment card.
results : mean monthly wtp per capita for health insurance amounted to €260.
this corresponded to about @percent@ of individual disposable income.
regression analyses showed that wtp increased significantly with higher income , male gender , higher educational level , and privately insured status.
in contrast , neither increasing morbidity level nor higher individual health care costs influenced wtp significantly.
aging is a well-known risk factor for a large number of chronic diseases , including those of the lung.
cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging , and contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
recent studies implicate the reactive oxygen species ( ros ) -generating enzyme , nadph oxidase @number@ ( nox4 ) in cellular senescence.
in this study , we investigated potential mechanisms for epigenetic regulation of nox4.
we observed constitutively high levels of nox4 gene / protein and activity in a model of replication-induced cellular senescence of lung fibroblasts.
silencing of the histone acetyltransferase mof , which specifically acetylates h4k16 , down-regulates nox4 gene / protein expression.
interestingly , the nox4 gene is variably associated with specific dna methyltransferases and methyl binding proteins in these two cell populations.
inflammation regulates energy metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions.
here , we introduce a view of integrative physiology to understand pro-inflammatory cytokines in the control of energy expenditure.
in obesity , chronic inflammation is derived from energy surplus that induces adipose tissue expansion and adipose tissue hypoxia.
in addition to the detrimental effect on insulin sensitivity , pro-inflammatory cytokines also stimulate energy expenditure and facilitate adipose tissue remodeling.
in cancer cachexia , chronic inflammation is elevated by the immune response in the fight against cancer.
the energy expenditure from chronic inflammation contributes to weight loss.
immune tolerant cancer cells gains more nutrients during the inflammation.
in these conditions , inflammation coordinates energy distribution and energy demand between tissues.
in contrast , super-induction of the inflammation activity leads to weight loss and malnutrition in cancer cachexia.
in summary , inflammation is a critical component in the maintenance of energy balance in the body.
literature is reviewed in above fields to support this view.
electroencephalography ( eeg ) is a powerful method of studying the electrophysiology of the brain with high temporal resolution.
several analytical approaches to extract information from the eeg signal have been proposed.
in this review , we first introduce the method of eeg microstate analysis.
we then review studies that have discovered significant changes in the resting-state microstate series in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral states.
we discuss the potential utility of this method in detecting neurophysiological impairments in disease and monitoring neurophysiological changes in response to an intervention.
significance : mitochondria utilize most of the oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate via electron transfer coupled with oxidative phosphorylation.
hypoxia undoubtedly induces reduced energy production via decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity or altered hypoxia-inducible factor-1- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis.
hypoxia may also activate mitophagy to selectively remove damaged or unwanted mitochondria for both mitochondrial quantity and quality control.
recent advances : both receptor-dependent and pten-induced putative kinase 1-parkin-dependent mitophagy have been described.
in response to hypoxia or mitochondrial oxidative stress , receptor-mediated mitophagy was found to be activated via both transcriptional and post-translational modification.
purpose : comorbidity has a negative impact on quality of life ( qol ) .
this study aimed to investigate whether the impact of comorbidity on qol is lower in older home care clients with positive attitudes toward aging.
the charlson comorbidity index was calculated using icd-10 codes.
all analyses were adjusted by age , gender , education , and living arrangement.
the presence of additive interactions between comorbidity and less than positive attitudes on falling in low qol was clearly suggested.
conclusions : the negative impact of comorbidity on qol might be mitigated by promoting a positive self-perception of aging in older people.
importantly , not all wavelengths of light are equally chronodisrupting.
blue light , which is particularly beneficial during the daytime , seems to be more disruptive at night , and induces the strongest melatonin inhibition.
nocturnal blue light exposure is currently increasing , due to the proliferation of energy-efficient lighting ( leds ) and electronic devices.
thus , the development of lighting systems that preserve the melatonin rhythm could reduce the health risks induced by chronodisruption.
this review addresses the state of the art regarding the crosstalk between light and the circadian system.
the histopathologic findings showed thickened collagen bundles.
a diagnosis of white fibrous papulosis of the neck was made , which is believed to be a manifestation of intrinsic aging.
there are no treatments for white fibrous papulosis of the neck.
one hypothesized approach is the application of a topical anti-oxidant to reduce free-radical induced aging.
object : hemorrhagic origin is unidentifiable in 10%-20% of patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
while the patients in such cases do well clinically , there is a lack of long-term angiographic followup.
follow-up was available at @number@ months and @number@ and @number@ years after treatment.
analysis included demographic details , clinical outcome ( glasgow outcome scale , modified rankin scale [ mrs ] ) , and repeat vascular imaging.
the mean age for this group was @number@ years , and @number@ members ( @percent@ ) of the group were female.
delayed cerebral ischemia occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , leading to stroke in one of them.
there were no rebleeding events.
eleven patients were lost to followup , and one patient died of unrelated causes.
conclusions : hydrocephalus and delayed cerebral ischemia , while infrequent , do occur in sah of unknown origin.
long-term neurological outcomes are generally good.
prostate cancer is a frequent cause of male death in the western world.
relatively few genetic alterations have been identified , likely owing to disease heterogeneity.
here , we show that the transcription factor junb / ap-1 limits prostate cancer progression.
to model the hypothesis that this downregulation is functionally significant , we genetically inactivated junb in the prostate epithelium of mice.
when combined with pten ( phosphatase and tensin homologue ) loss , double-mutant mice were prone to invasive cancer development.
the resulting tumours displayed strong histological similarity with human prostate cancer.
using well-established smc differentiation models , we have demonstrated that mir-34a has an important role in smc differentiation from murine and human embryonic stem cells.
surprisingly , deacetylase sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) , one of the top predicted targets , was positively regulated by mir-34a during smc differentiation.
importantly , we have identified sirt1 as a transcriptional activator in the regulation of smc gene programme.
finally , our data showed that sirt1 modulated the enrichment of h3k9 tri-methylation around the smc gene-promoter regions.
caspases are proteases with a well-defined role in apoptosis.
however , increasing evidence indicates multiple functions of caspases outside apoptosis.
caspase-1 and caspase-11 have roles in inflammation and mediating inflammatory cell death by pyroptosis.
similarly , caspase-8 has dual role in cell death , mediating both receptor-mediated apoptosis and in its absence , necroptosis.
caspase-8 also functions in maintenance and homeostasis of the adult t-cell population.
caspase-3 has important roles in tissue differentiation , regeneration and neural development in ways that are distinct and do not involve any apoptotic activity.
several other caspases have demonstrated anti-tumor roles.
notable among them are caspase-2 , @number@ and @number@
however , increased caspase-2 and @number@ expression in certain types of tumor has also been linked to promoting tumorigenesis.
besides this caspase-2 has emerged as a unique caspase with potential roles in maintaining genomic stability , metabolism , autophagy and aging.
the present review focuses on some of these less studied and emerging functions of mammalian caspases.
the extent to which deficits in specific cognitive domains contribute to older drivers ' safety risk in complex real-world driving tasks is not well understood.
participant assessments included on-road driving safety and cognitive functioning in visuospatial construction , speed of processing , memory , and executive functioning.
the inter-correlations of these outcome measures were fair to moderate supporting their distinctiveness.
participants with diseases performed worse than the healthy aging group on all driving measures and differences between those with ad and pd were minimal.
in multivariate analyses , different domains of cognitive functioning predicted distinct facets of driver safety on road.
memory and set-shifting predicted performance in navigation-related secondary tasks , speed of processing predicted on-task safety errors , and visuospatial construction predicted baseline safety errors.
sirtuins ( sirts ) are critical enzymes that govern genome regulation , metabolism , and aging.
here , we establish sirt4 as a cellular lipoamidase that regulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ( pdh ) .
importantly , sirt4 catalytic efficiency for lipoyl- and biotinyl-lysine modifications is superior to its deacetylation activity.
pdh , which converts pyruvate to acetyl-coa , has been known to be primarily regulated by phosphorylation of its e1 component.
we determine that sirt4 enzymatically hydrolyzes the lipoamide cofactors from the e2 component dihydrolipoyllysine acetyltransferase ( dlat ) , diminishing pdh activity.
we demonstrate sirt4-mediated regulation of dlat lipoyl levels and pdh activity in cells and in vivo , in mouse liver.
furthermore , metabolic flux switching via glutamine stimulation induces sirt4 lipoamidase activity to inhibit pdh , highlighting sirt4 as a guardian of cellular metabolism.
over @number@ per cent of respondents were not born in canada and did not speak english as their first language.
they reported moderately high levels of burnout and a strong sense of their work's worth.
few respondents reported attending educational sessions.
this direct caregiver workforce is poorly understood , has limited training or standards for minimum education , and training varies widely across provinces.
about @percent@ of the cases are idiopathic.
gcn analyses showed differences in topology and module composition between ct and pd networks for each anatomic region.
although designed as a @number@ session , twice weekly intervention , many services in the uk deliver cst once a week for @number@ weeks.
however , this method of delivery has yet to be evaluated.
in addition , cst does not include any formal carer training.
this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of once weekly cst and determine any additional impact when enhanced with a carer training program.
design and methods : a single blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted.
sixty eight pwd and their carers were recruited through three community memory assessment services.
pwd and their carers were randomized to one of three conditions : cst plus carer training , cst only , or a wait list control.
pwd were administered standardized measures of cognition , quality of life , and quality of relationship with carer at baseline and the @number@ week follow-up.
results : there were no baseline differences across the three groups.
at follow-up , there were no significant differences between pwd in the three groups on any outcomes.
implications : weekly cst with or without carer training may not be an effective form of delivery.
several possible explanations for the outcomes are proposed.
services currently offering weekly cst should collect routine outcome data to support its use and provide practice-based evidence.
elder abuse ( ea ) case resolution is contingent upon victims accepting and pursuing protective service interventions.
refusal / underutilization of services is a major problem.
this study explored factors associated with extent of ea victim service utilization ( su ) .
data were collected from a random sample of ea cases ( n = @number@ ) at a protective service program in new york city.
findings carry implications for best practices to retain and promote service use among elder victims of abuse.
older people often exhibit memory impairments.
contemporary demographic trends cause aging of the society.
in this situation , it is important to conduct clinical trials of drugs and use training methods to improve memory capacity.
development of new memory tests requires experiments on animals and then clinical trials in humans.
therefore , we decided to review the assessment methods and search for tests that evaluate analogous cognitive processes in animals and humans.
this review has enabled us to propose @number@ pairs of tests of the efficiency of working memory capacity in animals and humans.
we postulate that further investigations of methods that are equivalent in animals experiments and observations performed on humans are necessary.
background : many studies have explored the associations between micrornas ( mirnas ) polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility.
however , due to their limited statistical sizes , some discrepancies were discovered in these studies.
methods : the pubmed , web of science , sciencedirect and cnki databases were searched updated to @date@ .
however , no relationships were discovered between mir-146a or mir-149 polymorphism and lung cancer risk.
conclusions : this meta-analysis demonstrates that mir-196a2 snp influences the susceptibility of lung cancer.
mir-146a and mir-149 snp do not play a role in lung cancer risk.
these findings need more validation by larger studies.
hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are major neuroendocrine regulators of human body metabolism being driven directly to the anterior pituitary gland via hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal veins.
carnosine ( β-alanyl-l-histidine ) is synthesized in mammalian skeletal muscle.
there is an evidence that the release of carnosine from the skeletal muscle sarcomeres moieties during physical exercise affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological functions.
basic molecular mechanisms , associated with the main cell population of the dermis - fibroblasts - are the basis of skin aging.
copyright © @number@ john wiley & sons , ltd.
body composition was categorized as so , sarcopenic nonobesity , nonsarcopenic obesity , and nonsarcopenic nonobesity.
obesity was defined by body mass index.
sarcopenic obesity was more prevalent in women ( @percent@ ) than in men ( @percent@ ) .
high-density lipoprotein was under the normal criteria ( @number@ mg / dl ) in women.
although protein intake was normal , calcium and vitamin d intakes were insufficient in all groups.
in conclusion , body composition changes were related to nutrient intakes in elderly ( @number@ years or older ) men but not elderly women.
ageing is characterized by the progressive impairment of physiological functions and increased risk of developing debilitating disorders , including chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
these disorders have common molecular mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically.
methods : @number@ et cases were enrolled in a clinical-epidemiological study at columbia university.
an 11-item medication adherence questionnaire , modeled after the morisky medication adherence questionnaire , was administered.
results : seventy-three ( @percent@ ) of @number@ cases were taking daily medication for et.
a factor analysis revealed four factors that captured different aspects of non-adherence.
conclusions : approximately one in four et patients reported whole days in the past two weeks in which they had not taken their medication.
methods : dynamic mechanical thermal analysis ( dmta ) tests were performed on a diamond dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer in bending mode.
results : storage modulus , loss modulus and tangent delta ( tanδ ) were plotted against temperature.
the glass transition temperatures are taken from the peak of the tangent tanδ versus temperature curves.
all samples analyzed after storage for 1h or @number@ day in the aging media showed two tg values.
all samples analyzed after storage for @number@ or @number@ days in the ageing media showed a unique tg value.
significance : storage of kalore gc in dry air , water or heptane at 37°c for @number@ days caused post-curing reactions.
storage in air or water for @number@ days did not seem to cause further effects.
storage in heptane for @number@ days may cause plasticization and probably some degradation of the filler-silane bond and polymer matrix.
storage in ethanol for @number@ days caused a strong change of the sample morphology and the dmta results were not reliable.
sodium-hydrogen exchangers ( nhes ) and aquaporins ( aqps ) are key regulators of cell volume and intracellular ions both in physiological and pathological conditions.
nhe-1 and aqp1 are mainly expressed in tissues of the cardiovascular system.
acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) is one of the main causes of cardiovascular death.
according to rapid aging of society , the peak age of acs onset has grown older globally.
we sought to assess the clinical characteristics and intravascular ultrasound ( ivus ) findings of the culprit lesions in elderly acs patients.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that arises from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons.
we sought to determine the prevalence of matr3 mutations in australian familial als ( n = @number@ ) using whole exome sequencing.
no mutations were identified , indicating that matr3 mutations are not a common cause of als in australian familial cases with predominately european ancestry.
patients with type @number@ diabetes are at increased risk of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
heritability of these phenotypes and their association with candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , and snp data from genome- and exome-wide arrays were explored.
all neuroimaging measures analyzed were significantly heritable ( ĥ ( @number@ ) = @number@.55-0.99 in unadjusted models ) .
seventeen candidate snps ( from @number@ genes / regions ) associated with neuroimaging phenotypes in prior studies showed no significant evidence of association.
this analysis suggests genetic factors contribute to variation in neuroimaging measures in a population enriched for metabolic disease and other associated comorbidities.
resting-state functional magnetic resonance image ( rs-fmri ) is increasingly used to study functional brain networks.
nevertheless , variability in these networks due to factors such as sex and aging is not fully understood.
males and females showed differential patterns of changing connectivity in large-scale rsns during normal aging from early adulthood to late middle-age.
in some networks , such as the default-mode network , males and females both showed decreases in connectivity with age , albeit at different rates.
in other networks , such as the fronto-parietal network , males and females showed divergent connectivity trajectories with age.
main effects of sex and age were found in many of the same regions showing sex-related differences in aging.
finally , these sex differences in aging trajectories were robust to choice of preprocessing strategy , such as global signal regression.
overall , results indicate that rsns show different aging trajectories for males and females.
characterizing effects of sex and age on rsns are critical first steps in understanding the functional organization of the human brain.
older people have justifiably been highlighted as a high-risk group with respect to heat wave mortality and morbidity.
residents reported feeling comfortable when indoor temperature approximated @number@ °c. as living room temperature increased , indoor thermal comfort decreased.
brick veneer homes showed smaller diurnal changes in temperature than other building materials.
h2s is a gas easily identified by its distinctive odor.
however , appreciation is growing for the importance of h2s produced endogenously by the evolutionary conserved transsulfuration pathway ( tsp ) in health and longevity.
purpose : to examine hippocampal differences between alzheimer disease ( ad ) , amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) and normal aging.
materials and methods : this study was approved by the local ethics review board , and informed consent was obtained from volunteers / guardians.
the study comprised @number@ subjects : @number@ amci patients , @number@ ad patients and @number@ normal controls ( nc group ) .
magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging of the hippocampus were performed.
nonlinear fitting routines and equations were used to calculate mean diffusion ( md ) and mean kurtosis ( mk ) .
pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the correlations between mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) scores and mk / md values / volumes.
there were significant differences between the nc , amci and ad groups in terms of both right and left hippocampus mk values.
for the right hippocampus md values , there was a significant difference between the nc and ad groups.
for the left hippocampus md values , there were significant differences between the ad and nc groups and between the ad and amci groups.
pearson correlation coefficients for all correlations between mmse scores and hippocampus mk / md values / volumes were significant.
conclusion : the bilateral hippocampal mk / md values may be more sensitive than volumes in the diagnosis of amci and ad patients.
background : the adenoma detection rate ( adr ) is an important surrogate measure of performance quality for screening colonoscopies.
objective : to demonstrate how physicians with unusual performance concerning the adenoma detection rate may be identified in screening colonoscopy databases.
design : bayesian random-effects modeling and winsorization of potential outliers were applied to develop a robust model for the majority of providers.
divergence was assessed with adjustment for multiple testing.
the steps in the analysis were visualized by using funnel plots.
additionally , minimum requirements for the number of colonoscopies with @number@ or more detected adenomas were derived.
setting : data from @number@ physicians offering screening colonoscopy and participating in a quality assurance program in bavaria , germany , were used.
patients : a total of @number@ asymptomatic individuals @number@ to @number@ years of age.
intervention : screening colonoscopy.
main outcome measurements : physician-specific adrs.
results : the overall adr in the sample was @percent@.
from an initial model , @number@ physicians ( @percent@ ) were identified as potential outliers.
a model with normally distributed random effects was then chosen as the robust null model.
of the potential outliers , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were confirmed as physicians with unusual performance at a false discovery rate of @percent@.
for all of them , the observed adr was lower than expected , and together they accounted for @percent@ of all included colonoscopies.
limitations : analysis of routine data.
conclusion : the applied statistical approach appears suitable to identify unusual performance in screening colonoscopy databases.
its application may help to evaluate and improve the quality of colonoscopy in population-based colorectal cancer screening programs.
objective : much of the mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) neuroimaging literature has exclusively focused on regions associated with alzheimer's disease.
participants were divided into two groups based on scores from the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) , a brief screening tool for mci.
participants who scored < 26 were defined as \ "probable mci \ " while those who scored ≥26 were labeled cognitively healthy.
two dti indices were analyzed including fractional anisotropy ( fa ) and mean diffusivity ( md ) .
regression analyses examined the relationship between dti indices and total moca score.
fusiform fa and temporal lobe md were significantly related to total moca score after accounting for age and education.
conclusions : results indicate that there are posterior white matter microstructural changes in individuals with probable mci.
however , measurement is not always feasible in clinical settings.
we hypothesized that self-reported walking speed might be a good marker of objectively measured walking speed for use in this context.
walking speed was measured over @number@ meters.
results : self-reported walking speed was strongly associated with measured walking speed among men and women ( p < @number@ ) .
the interrai instrument for long-term care facilities was assessed by trained staff at baseline and @number@ months later.
among the different types of symptoms , only abusive behaviors were less likely to be associated with dsi.
conclusions : this study provides evidence that dsi could play a significant role in the development of behavioral symptoms in nursing home residents.
more attention should be paid to dsi even when each of vision and hearing function is only minimally impaired.
we examined the association of f & v intakes and bone mineral status in chinese elderly adults and explored the potential mechanisms.
measurements : habitual f & v intakes were ascertained from a validated food frequency questionnaire.
bone mineral measurements of the whole body , hip , lumber spine , and femoral neck were made by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
information on demographic , health , and lifestyles factors was obtained by standardized questionnaire.
relations between f & v intakes and bone mass at various sites were assessed by regression models.
no significant association was found between vegetable intake and bone mass.
the adjustment for vitamin c intake , but not dietary acid load , attenuated the association between fruit intake and bone mass.
conclusions : greater fruit intake was independently associated with better bone mineral status among chinese elderly men and women.
longitudinal strain was also inversely related to carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and other risk factors for higher aortic stiffness including treated hypertension.
human metapneumovirus ( hmpv ) is a common respiratory tract infection in children.
in addition , the specificity and accuracy obtained after the selection of @number@ sputum samples as the analyzed specimen reached @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
thus , in terms of accuracy , high throughput , and sensitivity , ht-mefb exhibits considerable potential for hmpv detection in clinical settings.
impaired verticality perception can cause falls , or even the inability to stand , due to lateropulsion or retropulsion.
the internal estimate of verticality can be assessed through the subjective visual , haptic , or postural vertical ( spv ) .
the spv reflects impaired upright body orientation , but has primarily been assessed in sitting position.
the test-retest and interrater reliabilities for spv measurements in standing subjects were good.
the normality values ranged from @number@.7° to @number@.3° in the sagittal plane , and from @number@.6° to @number@.2° in the frontal plane.
minor alterations occurred with aging : spv shifted backward with increasing age , and the variability of verticality estimates increased.
assessment of spv in standing can be done with reliable results.
spv should next be used to test patients with an impaired sense of verticality , to determine its diagnostic value in comparison to established tools.
background : the detection of incipient functional decline in elderly persons is not an easy task.
here , we propose the self-reporting functional ability index ( fa index ) suitable to screen functional competence in senior citizens in the community setting.
its prognostic validity was investigated in the longitudinal urban cohort ageing study ( lucas ) .
methods : this index is based equally on both , resources and risks / functional restrictions which precede adl limitations.
this classification correlated with self-reported health , chronic pain and depressive mood ( rank correlations @number@ @number@ @number@ all p < @number@ ) .
analyses of the time to need of nursing care revealed similar results.
significant differences persisted after adjustment for age , sex and self-reported health.
conclusions : disability free lifetime and its development over time are important topics in public health.
in this context , the fa index presented here provides answers to two questions.
the fa index predicted change in functional status , future need of nursing care , and mortality in an unselected population of community-dwelling seniors.
it implies an operational specification of the classification into robust , postrobust , prefrail and frail.
based on a self-administered questionnaire , the fa index allows easy screening of elderly persons for declining functional competence.
thereby , incipient functional decline is recognized , e.g. in gps ' practices and senior community health centers , to initiate early appropriate preventive action.
background : a relationship between bulimia nervosa and reward-related behavior is supported by several lines of evidence.
the plasma leptin levels were higher under catecholamine depletion compared with placebo in the whole sample ( treatment effect ; p = .0004 ) .
a role of leptin in reward learning is not supported by this study.
however , leptin levels were sensitive to a depletion of catecholamine stores in both remitted bulimia nervosa and controls.
background : periodontitis and alzheimer disease ( ad ) are associated with systemic inflammation.
this research studied serum igg to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident ad.
mean follow-up was five years ( sd @number@ ) .
in all analyses , we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis.
non-hispanic whites comprised @percent@ , non-hispanic blacks @percent@ , and hispanics @percent@ of the sample.
this association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers ( hr = @number@ 95%ci : @number@.5-6.4 ) .
conclusions : serum igg levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident ad.
design : it was performed a systematic search for articles published between @number@ and @date@ in the medline / pubmed , psycinfo , and scielo.
the studies should have provided information about benefits after cbts to older adults with depression and cognitive deficits.
results : cognitive behavioral therapy focused on problem solving is the main approach studied , having better effectiveness than supportive therapy in randomized clinical trials.
significant improvements in mood and disability were consistent , although evidence of changes in cognitive measures is controversial , less studied , and limited.
also , it would be necessary that future studies more often evaluate cognitive status of depressed elders , as well as cognitive changes after psychotherapy.
conclusion : older adults with depression and cognitive deficits can benefit from cbts.
improvements in mood and disability are more consistent than changes in cognition , which are little studied after cbts.
in addition to direct myocardial actions , central opioid receptor signalling may also enhance the ability of the heart to withstand i-r injury.
recent reports indicate that gastric mucosa of aging humans and experimental animals exhibits increased susceptibility to injury and delayed healing.
health care systems in western societies are faced with two major challenges : aging populations and the growing burden of chronic conditions.
this translates into more persons with disabilities and the need for more physical and rehabilitation medicine ( prm ) services.
we raise the point of how these emerging needs are faced by the actual research funding.
we review the potential role of impaired drainage of interstitial fluid in the pathogenesis of wmh and pvs.
there is also increasing interest in understanding its possible role in the development of intracerebral hemorrhage , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and vascular dementia.
cerebral white matter lesions ( wml ) are common in the aging brain and are associated with dementia and depression.
however , these approaches also suggest that immune activation , blood-brain barrier dysfunction , altered cell metabolic pathways and glial cell injury contribute to pathogenesis.
wml are an active pathology with a complex pathogenesis that may potentially offer a number of primary and secondary intervention targets.
each subject was injected with pp-501-b in @number@ nlf and restylane perlane in the other.
all participants were reassessed for cosmetic changes at @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks.
wrinkle severity was rated using the 5-point wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) .
both fillers were well tolerated , and adverse reactions were mild.
background : deactivation of the corrugator supercilii for the treatment of unintentional glabellar lines requires high selectivity to avoid sensory complications.
twelve cadaveric hemiforehead flaps were stained using a modified sihler method to trace the supraorbital and supratrochlear branches.
the trigeminal nerve gave off @number@ supraorbital and @number@ supratrochlear branches emerging from orbit.
conclusion : resection of the muscle may damage the intramuscular trigeminal branches , leading to sensory changes.
the course of the facial nerve branches to the corrugator supercilii muscle was much more predictable at their distal part than the proximal part.
after birth , trisomy 21-mediated premature aging of stem / progenitor cells may contribute to the progressive multi-system deterioration , including development of alzheimer's disease.
the evolutionarily conserved igf-1 signalling pathway is associated with longevity , metabolism , tissue homeostasis , and cancer progression.
its regulation relies on the delicate balance between activating kinases and suppressing phosphatases and is still not very well understood.
genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ptp1b and pten abrogated o2∙ induced igf-1 resistance and rescued the ageing skin phenotype.
we thus identify previously unreported signature events with o2∙- , ptp1b , and pten as promising targets for drug development to prevent igf-1 resistance-related pathologies.
methods : participants of the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) were studied.
participants with a history of syncope and / or unexplained falls in the past @number@ months were compared with those with no reported events.
cognitive performance was measured using the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) score.
multivariate linear regression analysis controlling for potential confounders was performed to compare cognitive function by syncope and falls status.
five hundred and forty-nine ( @percent@ ) had a syncopal event and / or an unexplained fall in past @number@ months.
one hundred and two ( @percent@ ) subjects had two-plus syncopal events in the same period.
higher syncope burden was also associated with lower performance ; however , this was largely explained by confounders.
there was no age interaction with these findings.
conclusion : participants who experienced syncope and / or non-accidental falls in the previous year have poor global cognitive performance compared with case-controls.
there was no effect of age on our results.
further investigation of the association between syncope burden , unexplained falls and cognitive decline is required to establish a relationship between these disorders.
one major hurdle to the development of effective treatments to many diseases is the lack of suitable human model systems.
in this chapter we describe the generation and characterization of ipsc from blood or fibroblast on a routine base and focus on the integration-free methodologies.
background : estrogen and testosterone may influence cognitive function in the older adult , but the relationship between sex hormones and cognitive function is complex.
aim : to examine associations of sex hormones and cognitive function among older adults ≥65 years old.
methods : using a cross-sectional research design , data were collected once from @number@ elderly ( mean age @number@ years ) .
global cognitive function and executive function were measured with standardized instruments , and saliva samples were collected for salivary estradiol and testosterone.
results : estradiol was significantly and positively correlated with global cognitive function in men only ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
testosterone was not significantly correlated with global cognitive function or executive function in either gender.
discussion and conclusion : associations between sex hormones and cognitive function were mostly non-significant.
however , higher estradiol was significantly correlated with better global cognitive function in men , suggesting gender-specific differences.
along with sex hormones , other comorbidity may need to be assessed together in relation to cognitive function in the elderly.
accordingly , clinicians play an important role in educating and promoting beneficial actions to preserve cognitive function.
the aim of the present study was an in-depth analysis of fine motor skills of the hands in elderly women from different socio-cultural backgrounds.
the study examined @number@ women over the age of @number@
this may be the result of a larger variety of physical activity programs offered at this type of institution.
additionally , a decrease in the differences between dominant and non-dominant hand function with age was observed.
the results support a potential role of vsep for the detection of very early neurodegenerative processes which may precede alzheimer's disease.
by @number@ for the first time in u.s. history , almost half of elders will be from ethnic minority groups.
to meet the needs of this rapidly diversifying population , nurses need to be able to marry transcultural nursing knowledge with gerontological nursing knowledge.
this model is presented not as a finished product but as a basis for future discussion and refinement.
prostate cancer is more common in men over the age of @number@ years.
there are @percent@ cases with positive family history of prostate cancer worldwide.
prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among the u.s. men.
prostate cancer incidence is strongly related to age with the highest rates in older man.
globally millions of people are suffering from this disease.
cognitive deficits are common in older adults , as a result of both the natural aging process and neurodegenerative disease.
although medical advancements have successfully prolonged the human lifespan , the challenge of remediating cognitive aging remains.
the authors discuss the current state of cognitive therapeutic interventions and then present the need for development and validation of more powerful neurocognitive therapeutics.
this approach should be multimodal and seamlessly integrate other treatment approaches , including neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation.
given the increasing rates of stroke and our aging population , it is critical that we continue to foster innovation in stroke rehabilitation.
further , a gap remains between investigational treatments and our evolving theories of brain function.
these limitations present opportunities for improving the functional impact of stroke rehabilitation.
ultimately , they attempt to draw neuroscience and practice closer together by using translational reasoning to suggest possible new avenues for treating these disorders.
background : as a result of the ageing population , there is an urgent need for innovation in community health-care in order to achieve sustainability.
reablement is implemented in primary care in some western countries to help meet these challenges.
however , evidence to support the use of such home-based rehabilitation is limited.
reablement focuses on early , time-intensive , multidisciplinary , multi-component and individualised home-based rehabilitation for older adults with functional decline.
methods / design : the study will be a 1 : 1 parallel-group randomised controlled superiority trial conducted in a rural municipality in norway.
the experimental group will be offered reablement and the control group offered standard treatment.
a computer-generated permuted block randomisation sequence , with randomly selected block sizes , will be used for allocation.
neither participants nor health-care providers will be blinded , however all research assistants and researchers will be blinded.
the sample size will consist of @number@ participants.
people will be eligible if they are home-dwelling , over @number@ years of age , understand norwegian and have functional decline.
the exclusion criteria will be people in need of institution-based rehabilitation or nursing home placement , and people who are terminally ill or cognitively reduced.
the primary outcome will be self-perceived performance , and satisfaction with performance of daily activities , assessed with the canadian occupational performance measure.
data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis using a linear mixed model for repeated measures.
discussion : the findings will make an important contribution to evaluating cost-effective and evidence-based rehabilitation approaches for community-dwelling adults.
trial registration : the trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov @date@ , identifier : nct02043262.
lithium is an important medication in the treatment of mood disorders.
however , clinicians are hesitant to use lithium in older adults for fear of its medical effects , particularly kidney disease.
with regards to ckd , lithium can be used safely in many older adults with mood disorders.
with an aging global population , chronic respiratory diseases are becoming a more prominent cause of death and disability.
airflow obstruction is , by contrast , more common in regions with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking.
copd mortality is much more closely related to the prevalence of a low forced vital capacity which is , in turn , associated with poverty.
again this contrasts with the asthma prevalence among adults , which is highest in high-income regions.
although mortality rates have been falling , the prevalence of atopy has been increasing between generations in western europe.
recent literature is divided on whether the most commonly used method underestimates or overestimates this loss.
compensation estimates were derived by multiplying lost work hours from presenteeism and absenteeism by wage / fringe.
disruption correction adjusted this estimate to account for co-worker disruption , while friction correction accounted for labor substitution.
the analysis compared bootstrapped means and medians between and within these three methods.
agreement across estimates was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
business leaders in industries where labor substitution is common are encouraged to seek friction corrected estimates of return on investment.
health policy analysts are encouraged to target the dissemination of productivity enhancing interventions to employers with high losses rather than all employers.
trial registration : clinical trials registration number : nct01013220.
ageing is characterized by declines on a variety of cognitive measures.
however , age-related changes are likely multifactorial , and the relationship between neural changes and cognitive measures is not well-understood.
we relate fluid intelligence and multitasking to multiple brain measures , including grey matter in various prefrontal regions and white matter integrity connecting those regions.
these results suggest that prefrontal ageing is a manifold process demanding multifaceted models of neurocognitive ageing.
discussion : current guidelines do not specifically address the problem of elderly with multiple chronic conditions.
in very old people , life expectancy and functionality are the most important factors for guiding potential treatments.
their higher propensity to develop serious adverse events and their shorter lifespan could prevent them from obtaining the potential benefits of the interventions administered.
this document is intended to provide general recommendations for clinicians and to promote the effective use of procedures and medications.
there are two well-known but opposing concepts of the reason for aging.
the first supposes that senescence is programmed similarly to the genetic program of development from a zygote up to a mature organism.
genetically determined senile wasting is thought to be associated with the necessity to renovate the population to ensure its adaptation and survival.
there is only a program of development up to the state of maturity , and then the organism should be able to maintain itself limitlessly.
however , although the efficiency of repair systems is assumed to be rather high , it is less than @percent@.
just this has to result in aging because of accumulation of various errors.
we have continued and developed another approach that considers both programmed and stochastic concepts to be incorrect.
metabolic syndrome is extremely prevalent in the world and can be considered as one of main factors leading to accelerated aging and premature death.
decrease in atp synthesis is correlated with accumulation of calcium ions in cells , dysfunction of mitochondria , and increasing apoptotic activity.
fatty acid-induced inflammation will increase activity of nuclear factor nf-κb , the well-known stimulator of age-related pathologies.
the final stage of phenoptosis can be represented by endothelium dysfunction related with oxidative stress , insulin resistance , and the most prevalent cardiovascular pathologies.
the recent revival of old theories and setting them on modern scientific rails to a large extent are also relevant to mitochondrial science.
when putting an equal sign between mitochondria and bacteria , we find similarity between the mitochondrial and bacterial theories of cancer.
the possible existence of such processes and the data confirming their presence are discussed in this review.
here we present a concept that considers organism aging as an additional facultative function promoting evolution , but counterproductive for an individual.
we hypothesize that aging can be inhibited or even arrested when full mobilization of all resources is needed for the survival of an individual.
the amount of available food is one of these parameters.
when the amount of available food is sufficient , these receptors transmit the signal allowing aging.
in caenorhabditis elegans , lowering of the ambient temperature has a similar effect.
age-related activation of these receptors inhibits the work of insulin genes in β-cells.
in conclusion , we consider the role of some psychological factors in the regulation of the aging program.
a wealth of published evidence showed that telomere stability can be more affected than the bulk of the genome by several conventional antineoplastic drugs.
we found that icrf-193 , but not bleomycin , leads to dna damage preferentially at telomeres , which can be rescued by trf2 inhibition.
pot1 inhibition exacerbates telomere dysfunction induced by icrf-193.
thus , icrf-193 induces damage at telomeres properly capped by trf2 but not by pot1.
unlabelled : due to the aging of the population is an increase in the incidence of heart failure.
all were qualified forthe second stage of rehabilitation.
the period of stay in the hospital was 2-4 weeks.
all patients underwent submaximal exercise test.
blood pressure and resting heart rate were also studied.
to assess the risk of patients the duke's indicator was used.
systolic function of the left ventricle were evaluated in echocardiography.
the risk assessment of patients undergoing rehabilitation showed the greatest changes in group ii , which after rehabilitation were classified as low risk.
this was a reflection on the efforts of primary and secon- dary prevention , initiated in the 1980s in which geneva was a pioneer.
photoaging of skin occurs partially due to decreased synthesis and increased degradation of dermal collagen.
antiphotoaging therapy aims to counteract these effects.
das were acquired and verified based on cellular biomarkers and multilineage differentiation potential.
the concentrations of several cytokines in conditioned medium from das ( da-cm ) were determined.
in vitro , the effect of da-cm on stress-induced premature senescence in hdfs was investigated by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine ( edu ) staining and β-galactosidase staining.
in vivo , we found that subcutaneously injected 10-fold concentrated da-cm increased the expression of collagen types i and iii.
in vitro , da-cm clearly mitigated the decreased cell proliferation and delayed the senescence status in hdfs induced by ultraviolet b ( uvb ) .
hdfs treated with da-cm exhibited higher collagen types i and iii secretion and significantly lower mmp-1 and mmp-3 secretion.
the tgf-β1-neutralizing antibody could partially reduce the recovery effect.
with increasing age , physiologic changes and comorbidities have to be considered.
thoracic anesthesia for elderly patients requires greater specific knowledge.
recent findings : respiratory mechanics change progressively during aging , and the pharmacology of different drugs is also altered with increasing age.
this has implications for the preoperative , intraoperative and postoperative management of elderly patients scheduled for thoracic surgery.
special focus has to be placed on preoperative evaluation , the ventilation regime and general intraoperative management.
effective postoperative pain treatment after geriatric thoracic surgery requires careful pain assessment and drug titration.
methods : thirty-two elderly patients with sbo received intestinal decompression with a 300-cm long nasointestinal tube inserted into upper jejunum under radiographic control.
the long tube was passed into the proximal part of obstruction or the proximal end of ileum driven by intestinal peristalsis.
selective contrast radiography was done using direct injection of double-contrast medium consisting of 20-100 ml of @percent@ gastrografin and 50-200 ml of air.
the dynamic and multi-position radiographic observation was conducted.
results : intubation was successful in all @number@ patients.
sbo resolution was successful in 29 / 32 ( @percent@ ) patients.
the @number@ remaining patients proceeded to undergo surgery.
concurrent contrast radiography is helpful to verify the location and degree of obstruction , and to reveal the cause of the obstruction.
rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) is a cause of significant mortality and morbidity in aging populations.
we previously showed that the metabolically active areas displayed adventitial inflammation , medial degeneration and molecular alterations prefacing wall rupture.
the aim of this study was to identify new factors predictive of rupture.
follow-up studies included chain reaction ( rt-pcr ) , immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
further work is needed to study their role in aaa destabilization and weakening.
objectives : sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other , resulting in a vicious cycle.
however , evidence based on prospective study is very limited.
our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa.
conclusions : this longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in korean adults.
these results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society.
unlabelled : the age structure of human populations is exceptional among animal species.
unlike with most species , human juvenility is extremely extended , and death is not coincident with the end of the reproductive period.
we examine the age structure of early humans with models that reveal an extraordinary balance of human fertility and mortality.
second , we hypothesize that after reproductive life , there was selection for organisms that contribute to host demise.
we argue that the age structure of early humans was robust in its balance of the juvenile , reproductive-age , and senescent classes.
importance : the extended longevity of modern humans is a very recent societal artifact , although it is inherent in human evolution.
the age structure of early humans was balanced by fertility and mortality , with an exceptionally prolonged juvenility.
we examined the role of indigenous microbes in early humans as fundamental contributors to this age structure.
the hypothesis that we present provides new bases for modern medical problems , such as inflammation-induced neoplasia and degenerative diseases of the elderly.
the who recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first @number@ mo of life ; however , deviations from this recommendation are widespread.
one-quarter of mothers ( n = 38 ) reported implausible answers concerning age-of-introduction of liquids and foods.
nevertheless , retrospective reports at up to @number@ y give credible outcomes for estimations of feeding pattern at @number@ mo of age.
our findings match the findings of other studies conducted in guatemala.
overall adherence to the who guidelines for feeding in the first semester of infancy was much less than ideal and in need of strengthening.
elderly greek-born australians ( ga ) consistently show lower rates of all-cause and cvd mortality compared with australian-born.
paradoxically , however , this is in spite of a higher prevalence of cvd risk factors.
a higher score improved overall survival in both greek and non-greek elderly reducing the risk of death by @percent@ after 5-7 years.
purpose : surgical options in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability are numerous.
the latarjet procedure is one of the most common procedures performed.
it has been previously demonstrated that bone mineral density decreases with age.
this reduction thus increases the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related iatrogenic , traumatic or pathological fractures.
the objective of this study was to quantify the bone mineral density of the coracoid process in different age groups.
the hypothesis was that mineral bone density of the coracoid process decreases with age.
methods : using the hospital's electronic database , @number@ patients who underwent a shoulder ct scan were randomly selected retrospectively.
four groups of @number@ were formed with mean ages of @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
bone density , length , width and thickness of the coracoid process @number@ mm from the tip were measured four times by two different evaluators.
bone density was expressed in hounsfield units ( hu ) .
results : the mean bone mineral density of the coracoid process significantly decreased with age ( p < @number@ ) .
a lower but insignificant difference of bone mineral density was observed in females.
a good inter- and intra-observer reliability was found for bone mineral density measurement of the coracoid process ( @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusions : the bone mineral density of the coracoid process diminishes with age , thus confirming our hypothesis.
there is a good inter- and intra-observer reliability of our ct scan-based coracoid process bone mineral density measurement rendering it reproducible in daily clinical practice.
level of evidence : iv.
ignatz nascher's geriatrics the first american medical textbook on aging turns @number@ this year.
this essay is a reappraisal , on its centennial , of nascher's landmark work.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community.
participants : a representative community sample of @number@ individuals aged @number@ and older ( mean age @number@ @percent@ female ) .
pain intensity and pain interference were measured using the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form survey bodily pain questions.
conclusion : higher pss scores are associated with greater pain intensity and interference.
in this cross-sectional analysis , directionality cannot be determined.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : general community.
participants : seventy-two inactive community-dwelling older adults with self-reported sleep and cognitive problems ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ @percent@ women ) .
analyses used intention-to-treat methods.
differences between arms were strongest for waking at night ( p = @number@ ) and taking sleep medications ( p = @number@ ) .
future longer-term studies with objective sleep measures are needed to corroborate these results.
design : structural equation modeling to examine mediators in a secondary analysis of a randomized trial with 4-month follow-up.
setting : philadelphia region.
participants : community-dwelling african americans ( ≥55 ) with depressive symptoms living in an urban area ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : main outcome was self-reported functional difficulty level for @number@ basic activities.
mediators included depression severity ( patient health questionnaire ) , depression knowledge and symptom recognition , behavioral activation , and anxiety.
results : at @number@ months , the intervention had positive effects on functional difficulty and all mediators ( p < @number@ ) .
enhancing behavioral activation and decreasing anxiety were not found to mediate improvements in functional disability.
the two significant mediators jointly explained @percent@ of the intervention's total effect on functional disability.
functional improvement was not found to mediate the intervention's effect on depressive symptoms.
reduction of functional difficulties did not account for improvements in depressive symptoms.
nonpharmacological treatments for depressive symptoms that enhance symptom recognition in older african americans can also reduce their functional difficulties with daily living activities.
home-care assistants have practical administration skills , but lack formal medical knowledge.
methods : four focus groups consisting of @number@ home-care assistants were conducted.
data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
even when the delegation had expired , administration of medication continued , placing the statutes of regulation in a subordinate position.
there was low awareness among home-care assistants about the content of the statutes of delegation.
accepting delegation to administer medications has become an implicit prerequisite for social care work in the municipality.
conclusions : accepting the delegation to administer medication was inevitable and routine.
in practice , the regulating statute is made subordinate and consequently patient safety can be threatened.
the organisation of health and social care relies on the delegation arrangement to meet the needs of a growing number of older home-care recipients.
until recently , little was known about destination memory , or memory for the destination of outputted information.
participants also performed a neuropsychological battery tapping episodic memory and executive functions.
findings showed poor destination recall in older participants.
destination recall in older adults was reliably predicted by with their context recall.
destination memory seems to be particularly affected by aging , a deterioration that can be related to deficits in processing contextual features during encoding.
there are no longer doubts about the existence of gender's differences in cognition , only their origin is still controversial.
we discuss the importance of such studies about the gender's differences in aging.
a better understanding of gender differences in cognition in pathological aging as in health would provide the opportunity to offer a more personalized care.
background : we examined prospectively the use of all-cause hospital in-patient care among public sector employees by using a 3-year pre- and post-retirement study window.
methods : a total of @number@ participants of the finnish longitudinal study of municipal employees had retired during @date@ and @date@ .
analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equation model.
results : the prevalence of hospital care use for non-disability retirees remained stable during the 6-year study window.
few studies have examined the health-related consequences of gardening among older adults.
six databases were searched.
of the eight eligible studies identified with these criteria , four assessed energy expenditures and four assessed physical functioning.
studies assessing energy expenditures documented that the majority of gardening tasks were classified into low-to-moderate intensity physical activity.
the current literature does not provide sufficient evidence of the physical functioning consequences of gardening.
future studies should consider how specific gardening interventions help older adults meet physical activity guidelines.
it can penetrate to deep dermis due to its longer wavelength.
this study assesses the efficacy and safety of lpnd applying new parameters for skin rejuvenation in korean subjects.
methods : a prospective randomized split-faced study was done ( n = @number@ ) .
outcomes were measured by wrinkle evaluation of blinded investigators , subjects ' self-assessment , objective measurements of elasticity , and skin biopsy.
results : four weeks after the final treatment sessions , the average wrinkle grades of the treated side were reduced by @percent@.
skin elasticity was significantly increased.
the increment of collagen and elastic fiber in papillary dermis was confirmed histologically.
no adverse reaction was reported.
pain on the treated side was mild without needing anesthesia.
discussion : the authors studied new parameters for lpnd for improvement of wrinkles and skin laxity with fewer treatment sessions without serious complications.
histologic findings corresponded to clinical improvement.
conclusion : new parameters of lpnd can achieve wrinkle improvement with few side effects.
resveratrol , a natural polyphenolic molecule with several biological activities , is a well recognized anti-oxidant , anti-aging and cancer chemopreventive agent.
we conclude that resveratrol and its derivatives may act as a therapeutic agents in respiratory diseases and pertinent clinical trials should be performed.
background : the etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood , partly due to its relative rarity.
although tobacco and alcohol exposures are known carcinogens , their association with male breast cancer risk remains ill-defined.
methods : the male breast cancer pooling project consortium provided @number@ cases and @number@ controls for analysis from @number@ case-control and @number@ cohort studies.
individual participant data were harmonized and pooled.
results : cigarette smoking status , smoking pack-years , duration , intensity , and age at initiation were not associated with male breast cancer risk.
relations with cigar and pipe smoking , tobacco chewing , and snuff use were also null.
specific alcoholic beverage types were not associated with male breast cancer.
relations were not altered when stratified by age or body mass index.
impact : tobacco and alcohol do not appear to be carcinogenic for male breast cancer.
future studies should aim to assess these exposures in relation to subtypes of male breast cancer.
the spread of this syndrome has induced to study and try to reduce dementia modifiable risk factors.
one emerging strategy to decrease the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia may be the use of nutritional interventions.
the present article is aimed at reviewing scientific studies that show the protective effects of flavonoid intake against mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
methods : subjects in this study included @number@ healthy subjects aged 20-89 years and @number@ persons with ad aged 62-85 years.
the hasegawa dementia scale-revised score of ad subjects ranged from @number@ to @number@
to examine the impact of mild ad on the olfactory function , we compared the scores between the ad group and the age-matched control group.
a significant correlation was found between age and scores for both tests in the control group.
the ad group exhibited significantly lower total scores on both tests compared with the age-matched controls.
conclusions : these results suggest that ageing and mild ad may reduce the ability to identify odours and judge situations based on odours.
we investigated sleep and respiratory variables in healthy adults over the lifespan , and established polysomnographic normative values according to current standards.
design : prospective polysomnographic investigation.
setting : academic referral hospital sleep laboratory.
participants : one hundred healthy sleepers aged 19-77 y were selected from a representative population sample by a two-step screening.
interventions : n / a. measurements and results : all subjects underwent one full-night polysomnography.
sleep and arousals were scored according to aasm standards.
respiration was scored according to aasm @number@ and @number@ criteria in order to compare both methods.
eight percent of subjects had an ahi > 15 / h.
conclusions : this study provides normative data on sleep macrostructure , microstructure , and respiration in adults following aasm standards.
furthermore , we demonstrated that respiration scoring according to aasm @number@ results in higher ahis , and challenge the use of age-independent respiratory cutoff values.
we developed hierarchical logistic regression models to analyze predictors of in-hospital mortality , and validated the models using the bootstrap method.
discrimination of the models was assessed using c-statistics.
additionally , we developed scoring systems based on predictors identified in the regression models.
results : the 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was @percent@.
conclusions : our mortality prediction models using administrative data showed good discriminatory power in cap patients.
these risk-adjustment models may support improvements in quality of care through accurate hospital evaluations and inter-hospital comparisons.
background / objectives : nutrition screening should be initiated on hospital admission by non-dietitians.
this research aimed to validate and assess the reliability of the canadian nutrition screening tool ( cnst ) in the ' real-world ' hospital setting.
subjects / methods : adult patients were admitted to surgical and medical wards only ( no palliative patients ) .
subjective global assessment performed by site coordinators was used as a gold standard for comparison.
results : study 1 : the cnst completed by site coordinators showed good sensitivity ( @percent@ ) and specificity ( @percent@ ) .
bmi was thus removed to promote feasibility.
conclusions : the simple and reliable cnst shows good sensitivity and specificity and significantly predicts adverse outcomes.
completion by several untrained nursing personnel confirms its utility in the nursing admission assessment.
the objective of this study was to pool dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) body composition reference data from population-based swedish cohorts.
body composition was measured with dxa.
in women , ffm was lower from age @number@
conclusions : our results provide reference data on body composition in swedish populations.
bmi and fm were higher among older age groups compared with the younger ones.
ffm remained stable up to @number@ years of age and was lower first among the @number@ years of age.
perturbed tgf-β expression may play a key role in the pathogenesis of skin aging.
methods : a total of @number@ patients with fitzpatrick skin types iii and iv were divided into six groups.
skin biopsies were obtained before treatment , at the end of treatment , and at three months post-treatment.
in addition , biopsies were obtained from @number@ control subjects.
levels of tgf-β were quantitatively evaluated using computerized image analysis of immunostained sections.
it is unknown whether such activity also occurs in patients with egfr gene overexpression , regardless of mutation status.
methods : egfr gene overexpression was assessed by fish analysis ; patients with high polysomy or gene amplification were considered fish positive.
patients received daily afatinib less than or equal to @number@ mg ( monotherapy ) .
results : of @number@ patients screened , @number@ patients were fish-positive and met eligibility criteria for treatment.
the orr was @percent@ overall ( n = 9 of @number@ ) .
in the overall population , median pfs was @number@ weeks and median os was @number@ weeks.
the most common afatinib-related adverse events were rash / acne ( @percent@ ) and diarrhea ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : first- or second-line afatinib demonstrated preliminary activity and manageable safety in egfr fish-positive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
we specifically searched the col4a3 / a4 genes and identified @number@ heterozygous mutations in @number@ families ( @percent@ ) .
eight non-related families featured the founder mutation col4a3-p. ( g1334e ) .
renal biopsies from @number@ patients showed tbmn and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( fsgs ) .
ten patients ( @percent@ ) reached end-stage kidney disease ( eskd ) at ages ranging from 37-69-yo ( mean @number@ , 1-yo ) .
this signifies the potential role of the upr cascade in modulating the final phenotype in patients with collagen iv nephropathies.
background : epidemiological studies have shown the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through the regular consumption of vegetables.
eruca sativa mill. , commonly known as rocket , is a leafy vegetable that has anti-inflammatory activity.
however , its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities have not been described.
furthermore , ( v ) antithrombotic activity ( @number@ mg / kg ) and ( vi ) bleeding time in murine models were evaluated.
results : eruca sativa mill. aqueous extract ( @number@ to @number@ mg / ml ) inhibited p-selectin expression and platelet aggregation induced by adp.
furthermore , eruca sativa mill. aqueous extract inhibited nf-κb activation.
finally , in murine models , eruca sativa mill. aqueous extract showed significant antithrombotic activity and a slight effect on bleeding time.
conclusion : eruca sativa mill. presents antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity.
objective : interactive voice response ( ivr ) systems offer great advantages for data collection in large , geographically dispersed samples involving frequent contact.
we assessed the quality of ivr data collected from older respondents participating in a statewide falls prevention program evaluation in pennsylvania in @date@ .
validity was assessed by examining ivr-reported falls incidence relative to baseline in-person self-report and performance assessment of balance.
switching to in-person interviews was not associated with measures of participant function or cognition.
both self-reported ( p < .0001 ) and performance assessment of balance ( p = .05 ) at baseline were related to falls incidence.
conclusion : ivr is a productive modality for falls research among older adults.
the purpose of this study was to examine the association between total and differential wbc counts and incident chd in an elderly japanese-american population.
methods : total and differential wbc counts were examined at a baseline examination from @number@ to @number@ in the honolulu heart program.
results : during the follow up period , @number@ men developed chd.
no significant associations were found between lymphocyte or monocyte counts and incident chd.
conclusions : higher total wbc , granulocyte and neutrophil counts were associated with higher risk of incident chd in a population of elderly japanese-american men.
further studies are needed to establish cut-points and treatment options with anti-inflammatory medications.
the basal ganglia nuclei are critical for a variety of cognitive and motor functions.
much work has shown age-related structural changes of the basal ganglia.
yet less is known about how the functional interactions of these regions with the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum change throughout the lifespan.
there are a few main findings to report.
first , with age , caudate head connectivity increased with a large region of ventromedial prefrontal / medial orbitofrontal cortex.
this negative connectivity was reduced with age.
furthermore , pallidum , posterior putamen and vta / sn connectivity to other tpn regions , such as somatomotor cortex , decreased with age.
aging is associated with impaired motor performance across a range of tasks.
both primary neural representations of movement and potential compensatory cognitive mechanisms appear to be disrupted in older age.
here we determined how age is associated with resting state sensorimotor functional connectivity , and whether connectivity strength is associated with motor performance.
we investigated the association between age and resting state functional connectivity of several sensorimotor networks in @number@ healthy older , right-handed individuals.
regions of interest were defined in the left motor cortex , left putamen , and right cerebellar lobules v and viii.
we found both increased and decreased connectivity within portions of the motor cortical and cerebellar networks after adjusting for covariates.
elders showed higher levels of spontaneous intracellular ros content compared with young and nonagenarian groups , which had similar intracellular ros levels.
zymosan-induced ( non-spontaneous ) extracellular ros levels were also similar for young and nonagenarians but were lower in elders.
however , spontaneous extracellular ros production increased continuously with age.
correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between hsp70 levels and zymosan-stimulated ros production in the elder group.
this was consistent with a promoting role for hsp70 in ros-associated neutrophils response to pathogens.
no positive correlation between ros production and intracellular hsp70 levels was found for groups of young people and nonagenarians.
in contrast , significant negative correlations of some ros and hsp70 characteriscics were found for neutrophils from young people and nonagenarians.
background : temporal processing ability has been linked to speech understanding ability and older adults often complain of difficulty understanding speech in difficult listening situations.
temporal processing can be evaluated using gap detection procedures.
there is some research showing that gap detection can be evaluated using an electrophysiological procedure.
however , there is currently no research establishing gap detection threshold using the n1-p2 response.
design : this study utilized an older adult group and younger adult group to compare performance on an electrophysiological and behavioral gap detection procedure.
data collection : all subjects completed an adaptive behavioral gap detection procedure in order to determine their behavioral gap detection threshold ( bgdt ) .
subjects also completed an electrophysiologic gap detection procedure to determine their electrophysiologic gap detection threshold ( egdt ) .
results : older adults demonstrated significantly larger gap detection thresholds than the younger adults.
however , egdt and bgdt were not significantly different in either group.
the mean difference between egdt and bgdt for all subjects was @number@ msec.
conclusions : older adults show poorer gap detection ability when compared to younger adults.
however , this study shows that gap detection thresholds can be measured using evoked potential recordings and yield results similar to a behavioral measure.
genotypic imputation was performed using reference @number@ genomes project data.
four genes were identified within the top @number@ associations with airway responsiveness.
markers on chromosome 9p21.2 flanked by lingo2 met a predetermined threshold of genome-wide significance ( p < @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
immunohistochemistry confirmed localization of sgcd protein to airway smooth muscle and vessels and myh15 to airway epithelium , vascular endothelium , and inflammatory cells.
we identified novel loci associated with airway responsiveness in a gwas among smokers with copd.
mri participation has been shown to induce subjective and neuroendocrine stress reactions.
a recent aging study showed that cortisol levels during fmri have an age-dependent effect on cognitive performance and brain functioning.
the present study examined whether this age-specific influence of cortisol on behavioral and brain activation levels also applies to adolescence.
cortisol levels were enhanced pre-imaging relative to during and post-imaging in both age groups , suggesting anticipatory stress and anxiety.
overall , a negative correlation was found between cortisol output during the fmri experiment and brain activation magnitude during performance of a gambling task.
in young but not in old adolescents , higher cortisol output was related to stronger deactivation of clusters in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex.
in sum , cortisol increased the deactivation of several brain areas , although the location of the affected areas in the brain was age-dependent.
the present findings suggest that cortisol output during fmri should be considered as confounder and integrated in analyzing developmental changes in brain activation during adolescence.
importance : cognitive decline is a common and feared aspect of aging.
evidence acquisition : we searched pubmed for english-language articles in peer-reviewed journals and the cochrane library database from inception through @date@ .
relevant references from retrieved articles were also evaluated.
currently , no medications have proven effective for mci ; treatments and interventions should be aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of stroke.
aerobic exercise , mental activity , and social engagement may help decrease risk of further cognitive decline.
current research targets improving early detection and treatment of mci , particularly in patients at high risk for progression to dementia.
current evidence supports aerobic exercise , mental activity , and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with mci.
context : the appropriateness of current reference ranges for thyroid function testing in older adults has been questioned.
results : no departures from linearity were detected.
higher tsh was negatively associated ( p = @number@ ) and higher ft4 was positively associated ( p = @number@ ) with mortality.
higher ft4 was associated with atrial fibrillation ( p < @number@ ) and heart failure ( p = @number@ ) .
total t3 was not associated with any outcome.
this suggests tolerance for lower thyroid hormone levels in this age group.
functioning of the axis is altered in aging , and the pathway may represent a plausible target to slow the process of aging.
a dysfunction in this pathway as a result of aging can result in multiple abnormalities in several physiological systems.
this review summarizes the recent literature in the field of vasopressin signaling in age-dependent abnormalities in kidney , cardiovascular function , and bone function.
adiponectin ( adipo ) , a multimeric adipocyte-secreted protein abundant in the circulation , is implicated in cardiovascular protective functions.
mice deficient for tcad lack tissue-associated adipo , accumulate adipo in the circulation , and mimic the adipo knockout ( ko ) cardiovascular phenotype.
in reverse , tcad protein is visibly reduced from cardiac tissue in adipo-ko mice , suggesting interdependent regulation of the @number@ proteins.
here , we evaluate the effect of adipo on tcad protein expression.
adipo and tcad proteins were colocalized in aorta , heart , and skeletal muscle.
adipo positively regulated levels of tcad protein in vivo and in endothelial cell ( ec ) cultures.
in tcad-ko mice , binding of endogenous and exogenously administered adipo to cardiovascular tissues was dramatically reduced.
consistently , knockdown of tcad in cultured murine vascular ecs significantly diminished adipo binding.
in search for a possible mechanism , we found that enzymatic cleavage of tcad with phospholipase c increases plasma adipo while decreasing tissue-bound levels.
similarly , pretreatment of cultured ecs with serum containing adipo attenuated phospholipase c-mediated tcad cleavage.
in vivo administration of adenovirus producing adipo suppressed plasma levels of gpi phospholipase d , the endogenous cleavage enzyme for gpi-anchored proteins.
objective : continuous antipsychotic treatment is important in schizophrenia , and studies have shown that rates of discontinuation are high.
methods : we identified @number@ patients with schizophrenia starting an antipsychotic that had not used @number@ in the prior year.
results : for all antipsychotics combined , weight change was not associated with persistence.
subsequently , participants carried out the tasks in the apartment with the aid of their formulated plan ( execution stage ) .
however , both groups were able to adjust and improve task accuracy and efficiency from formulation to task execution.
finally , mci participants took significantly longer to complete the task and adhered less to their formulated plans during task completion.
like controls , participants with mci were able to successfully modify their plan online , improving their performance from task formulation to task execution.
the skin is the part of the human body most vulnerable to ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation.
the spectrum of the negative effects of uv radiation on the skin ranges from acute erythema to carcinogenesis.
between these extreme conditions , there are other common skin lesions , e.g. , photoageing.
the results of both examinations revealed a higher percentage of skin characteristics typical for photoageing in outdoor workers compared to the general population.
aims : the aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain as a risk factor for reduced work ability.
work ability was assessed with the subjective work ability index ( wai ) .
in this study , @number@ octogenarians and @number@ centenarians from the georgia centenarian study completed the fome.
total and trial-to-trial performance on the storage , retrieval , repeated retrieval , and ineffective reminder indices were assessed.
additional data stratified by age group , education , and cognitive impairment are provided in the supplemental data.
octogenarians performed significantly better than centenarians on all fome measures.
neither age group benefitted from additional learning trials beyond trial @number@ for storage and trial @number@ for retention and retrieval.
ineffective reminders showed no change across learning trials for octogenarians , while centenarians improved only between trials @number@ and @number@
background : several blood biomarkers have been linked to functional disability , a health problem in general populations.
however , there are limited data for evaluating the potential association of biomarkers with functional disability in an extremely longevous ( 95 + ) population.
functional disability was assessed by the katz index of independence in activities of daily living.
blood biomarkers , including serum lipid , lipoprotein cholesterol , serum albumin , and lymphocyte count , were correlated with activities of daily living.
after adjustment for other covariates , the significance remained.
we did not observe any association in men.
the findings provide preliminary but crucial clues for future studies specifically aimed at exploring the longitudinal relationships of interest before proceeding with interventions.
here , we identify wrap53β as an essential regulator of dna double-strand break ( dsb ) repair.
wrap53β rapidly localizes to dsbs in an atm- , h2ax- , and mdc1-dependent manner.
simultaneous binding of mdc1 and rnf8 to the highly conserved wd40 scaffold domain of wrap53β facilitates their interaction and accumulation of rnf8 at dsbs.
in this manner , wrap53β controls proper ubiquitylation at dna damage sites and the downstream assembly of 53bp1 , brca1 , and rad51.
our findings establish wrap53β as a novel regulator of dsb repair by providing a scaffold for dna repair factors.
median age was @number@ years.
conclusions : very few patients reported counseling for sexual activity after ami.
those who did were commonly given restrictions not supported by evidence or guidelines.
clinical trial registration url : @url@
unique identifier : nct00597922.
design : secondary analysis of an existing population based cohort study.
setting : manitoba study of health and aging.
main outcome measure : time to death.
people with normal cognition and appetite were compared with those with either poor cognition or poor appetite.
we constructed cox regression models , adjusted for age , sex , education , and functional status.
both poor appetite and poor cognition predicted death.
the sensitivity and specificity were not , however , sufficient for the measure to be used alone.
conclusion : an aphorism devised by hippocrates millennia ago can predict death in the modern era.
several studies showed that beclin-1 expression is associated with several prognostic factors of gastric carcinomas.
recently , the connection between autophagy and the hedgehog ( hh ) signaling pathway has been studied.
here , we investigated the relationship between the autophagy and hedgehog ( hh ) signaling pathways in gastric adenocarcinoma.
increased beclin-1 expression was significantly correlated with increased gli2.
however , wood treated with cca has been restricted from residential uses in the eu from @date@ , due to its potential toxicity.
such a regulation is not in place in china yet , and cca-treated wood is widely used in public parks.
the oldest planks exhibited high as concentrations , which was related to its original treatment with high retention of cca preservative.
the effect of immersion in the field for about @number@ months was insignificant for as concentration on the surfaces.
however , a significant reduction of as was observed for immersion combined with human footfall ( wiping by shoes ) .
human traffic in general caused slightly reduced and more evenly distributed as concentrations on the wood surfaces.
methods : a survey of aesthetic and cultural health was developed to explore the role of aesthetics before , during and after hospital.
study participants were n = @number@ hospital in-patients aged > 65.
descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
physical health issues were the main causes but also loss of confidence and transport issues.
film , dance , and music were the most popular arts for this sample prior to hospital stay.
however , the particular clinical , biochemical , and functional characteristics of the osteosarcopenic ( os ) patients remain unknown.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : falls and fractures clinic , nepean hospital ( penrith , nsw , australia ) .
participants : a total of @number@ people ( mean age = @number@ @percent@ women ) assessed between @number@ and @number@
difference between groups was assessed with 1-way anova and χ ( @number@ ) analysis.
multivariable linear regression evaluated the association between the groups and measures of physical function.
multivariable logistic regression evaluated risk factors for being in the os group.
results : mean age of the os patients was @number@ ± @number@ years.
conclusion : we have reported a set of characteristics that are highly prevalent in os patients.
both vo2peak and tt performance were back to baseline @number@ days after blood donation.
on day @number@ hct was @number@ ± @percent@ and still reduced below baseline ( p = @number@ ) .
purpose : to demonstrate the effectiveness and value of a home-based information communication technology ( ict ) training program for older adults.
methods : thirteen older adults were provided in-home ict training by graduate occupational therapy students using an ipad.
non-parametric friedman analysis was conducted to verify trends in the outcome measures.
the qualitative data were examined by content analysis.
results : participants ' breadth of ict activities showed a significant trend across @number@ months.
leisure accounted for the significant increase , while health management and social connections activities increased modestly.
a positive trend in participants ' perspectives on technology was evident along with a marginal increase in perceived independence.
participants ' perspectives were thematically categorized as technology experiences , interactions with coach , training approach , and specific activities.
as reflection of the training program's value , @number@ of the @number@ participants took ownership of the ipad at the end of the study.
specifically , the increase in their usage of ict could be expected in leisure-based online activities.
forty-eight community-dwelling elderly were randomized into true or placebo acupuncture , and intervention consisted of ten sessions.
lymphocyte subsets commonly associated with stress , sleep impairment and immunosenescence were phenotyped by flow cytometry.
bdnf plasma levels were assessed by elisas.
however , neither lymphocyte subpopulations nor bdnf levels changed following the intervention.
study selection : randomized and controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of pilates on balance and / or falls in older adults.
data extraction : two reviewers independently extracted demographic , intervention , and outcome data.
six studies were included in this review.
data synthesis : high-quality studies in this area are lacking.
three studies provided sufficient detail to enable assessment of compliance with the recommendation of exercises providing a moderate or high challenge to balance.
in these studies , @percent@ to @percent@ of exercises were assessed as providing a moderate or high challenge to balance.
all studies provided ≥2 hours of exercise per week , and @number@ study provided > 50 hours of exercise during the study period.
conclusions : the evidence suggests pilates can improve balance , an important risk factor for falls in older adults.
however , there is limited data on the impact of pilates on falls.
effects may have been overestimated because of the low methodological quality of studies.
best-practice recommendations were rarely applied in prior studies , indicating greater effects may have been achieved if recommendations were incorporated.
canada and other countries are changing the age for public pension eligibility.
a policy concern is the welfare of those individuals exiting the labour force before the age of pension eligibility.
it found that around three-quarters of those not working have been able to avoid low-income status.
most important for avoiding low income are other family income sources , good health , and employment-related pension income.
a dual-task paradigm was used to examine the effect of cognitive load on motor reprogramming.
nineteen yas and @number@ oas overlearned a sequence of key presses.
deviations of the practiced sequence were introduced to assess motor reprogramming ability.
a serial sevens test was used as the cognitive load.
a 3d motion capture system was used to parse finger movements into planning and motor execution times.
under dual-task conditions , yas performance became more similar to that of oas.
we propose that age-related declines in response reprogramming may be linked to reduced cognitive capacity.
objective : to explore the cognitive function status and potential influence factors on cognitive function in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure.
cognitive function status was evaluated by the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) screen test.
conclusions : incidence of cognitive impairment is high in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure.
age , lvef , whether taking medication regularly and social support are factors related to cognitive function in chf patients.
objective : to identify clinical , laboratorial and radiographic predictors for bordetella pertussis infection.
results : @number@ cases were revised.
of these , @percent@ had proven pertussis , and @percent@ were under @number@ year old.
no independent predictors of b. pertussis infection could be determined for patients older than six months.
co-infection was found in @percent@ of patients , of which @percent@ were up to six months of age.
adenovirus was the most common agent ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : cyanosis and lymphocytosis are independent predictors for pertussis in children up to @number@ months old.
background : the current diagnosis-oriented approach of dizziness does not suit older patients.
often , it is difficult to identify a single underlying cause , and when a diagnosis is made , therapeutic options may be limited.
identification of predictors of dizziness may provide new leads for the management of dizziness in older patients.
the aim of the present study was to investigate long-term predictors of regular dizziness in older persons.
methods : population-based cohort study of @number@ community-dwelling participants , aged ≥60 years , from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
regular dizziness was ascertained during face-to-face medical interviews during 7- and 10-year follow-up.
we investigated @number@ predictors at baseline from six domains : socio-demographic , medical history , medication , psychological , sensory , and balance / gait.
we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses with presence of regular dizziness at 7- and 10-year follow-up as dependent variables.
we assessed the performance of the models by calculating calibration and discrimination.
predictors of regular dizziness at 10-year follow-up were history of dizziness and impaired function of lower extremities.
conclusions : dizziness in older age was predicted by multiple factors.
moreover , we show that the rescue of purkinje cell dendrites and dendritic spines by hmgb1 could be downstream effects.
thus , viral delivery of hmgb1 is a candidate approach by which to modify the disease progression of sca1 even after the onset.
the authors speculate an ifn-dependent mechanism that plays a role in the aging process and cognitive decline.
this short communication summarizes the findings by the authors and highlights the seemingly paradoxical roles of ifn type i and type ii in neuroinflammation.
background & aim : guidelines promote dietitian consult ( dc ) for nutrition support.
in canada , dietitians are involved in the assessment of malnutrition and provide specialized dietary counseling.
it is unknown however , what leads to a dc for patients fed orally.
this study identifies independent predictors for a dc and determines what is the proportion of malnourished patients seeing a dietitian.
methods : the canadian malnutrition task force conducted a prospective cohort study in medical and surgical wards of @number@ canadian hospitals.
@number@ patients who did not receive enteral or parenteral nutrition were analyzed.
at admission , subjective global assessment ( sga ) , body mass index , patient demography were collected.
during hospitalization clinical data , including dietary intake and presence of a dc were obtained.
multivariate logistic regression was completed with dietitian consult ≤ @number@ days and @number@ + days as the outcome variables.
results : the prevalence of malnutrition ( sga b + c ) was @percent@.
dc missed @percent@ of the sga-b and @percent@ of sga-c patients.
conclusions : overall predictors of dc were appropriate but sga b and c patients and those eating < 50% were missed.
screening at admission with algorithms of care that include referral to the dietitian are needed to improve the process of nutrition care.
particularly , mir-379 was up-regulated in mouse models of hyperglucocorticoidemia and obesity as well as human liver in a gc / gr-dependent manner.
angiogenesis , activation of metastasis and avoidance of immune destruction are important for cancer progression.
these biological capabilities are , apart from cancer cells , mediated by different cell types , including endothelial , haematopoietic progenitor and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
thus , wt1 is an important regulator of cancer growth via modulation of tumour vascularization , immune response and metastasis formation.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality , affecting both developed and developing countries.
based on these well-known risk factors , for many years , intervention and primary prevention strategies have focused on modifying lifestyle factors in adulthood.
the aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the programming of cvd.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
risk factors include an aging transplant population , oncogenic viruses and the long term effects of immunosuppression in the development of carcinogenesis.
this review summarizes common de novo malignancies occurring in the post liver transplant population and current strategies for their prevention and management.
unfortunately , due to limited evidence based data , robust screening guidelines for post transplant cancer prevention have yet to be implemented in this population.
potential-related signaling pathways were also examined.
muscle biopsies of @number@ older , mobility-limited adults were obtained at baseline.
serum 25ohd was measured , and intramuscular vdr , il-6 , and tnfα gene expressions and protein concentrations were analyzed.
baseline serum 25ohd was not associated with intramuscular il-6 or tnfα gene expression or protein concentration.
these data suggest that vdr is a better predictor than serum 25ohd concentration of intramuscular il-6 gene and protein expressions.
a similar relationship was not observed for tnfα expression.
further , supplementation with @number@ iu vitamin d3 per day does not appear to affect intramuscular il-6 or tnfα gene expression after @number@ weeks.
aim : to look closely and carefully at several aspects of the way in which dsm-5 defines personality disorders relating to older persons.
method : we make a critical evaluation of the description of personality disorders given in dsm-5.
thirdly , we stress that the research programme relating to the dimensional dsm-5 model of personality disorders should involve a larger number of older persons.
those responsible for the revision of the dsm-5 should ensure that the concept ' late-onset personality disorders ' is incorporated in the text.
conclusion : the description of personality disorders in dsm-5 is confusing.
however , this intervening period could be a good opportunity for doing further research into personality disorders in older adults.
background : the contribution of carotid atherosclerosis to incident dementia remains unclear.
methods : at baseline , @number@ dementia-free subjects aged 65-86 years underwent bilateral carotid ultrasonography measures of cp and plaque-free cca-imt.
subjects were followed-up over @number@ years for the detection of dementia.
accounting for stroke or competing risk by death marginally modified the results.
conclusion : in older adults , cp are independent predictors of incident vad and may improve vad risk prediction.
chronic inflammation in aging is characterized by increased inflammatory cytokines , bone loss , decreased adaptation , and defective tissue repair in response to injury.
aging leads to inherent changes in mesenchymal stem cell ( msc ) differentiation , resulting in impaired osteoblastogenesis.
also , the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase with aging , leading to enhanced myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis.
however , during aging , little is known about the role of macrophages in the differentiation and function of msc and hsc.
aged mammals have higher circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines than young adults , supporting the hypothesis of increased inflammation with aging.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps , omim @number@ ) is a rare multisystem childhood premature aging disorder linked to mutations in the lmna gene.
the most common hgps mutation is found at position g608g within exon @number@ of the lmna gene.
this mutation results in the deletion of @number@ amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal tail of prelamin a , and the truncated protein is called progerin.
progerin only undergoes a subset of the normal post-translational modifications and remains permanently farnesylated.
several attempts to rescue the normal cellular phenotype with farnesyltransferase inhibitors ( ftis ) and other compounds have resulted in partial cellular recovery.
consequently , proteasome activity and autophagy are impaired in hgps cells.
to restore protein clearance in hgps cells , we treated hgps cultures with sulforaphane ( sfn ) , an antioxidant derived from cruciferous vegetables.
we determined that sfn stimulates proteasome activity and autophagy in normal and hgps fibroblast cultures.
specifically , sfn enhances progerin clearance by autophagy and reverses the phenotypic changes that are the hallmarks of hgps.
therefore , sfn is a promising therapeutic avenue for children with hgps.
chronic complications of sickle cell disease take an increasing role in the management of patients due to their morbidity and mortality impact.
the prevalence of chronic organ damages increases as the age of patients followed in france.
few organs seem unaffected by the disease.
sickle cell disease is one of the most systemic pathologies contrasting with its monogenic characteristic and its inter- and intra-individual variability.
a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for those complications is necessary to develop new preventive and therapeutic approaches.
hiv infection has become a chronic condition with a life-long treatment.
as aids-related mortality is decreasing , persons living with hiv are aging , their life expectancy tending to reach that of the general population.
specificitiesare linked to the existence of hiv-specific risk factors and to the problem of drug-drug interactions with antiretrovirals.
peak expiratory flow rate ( pefr ) is a measure of ventilatory capacity measured by peak flow meter.
this study establishes the relationship of pefr with age and bmi in healthy adult males ( n = 300 ) of kumaon region of uttarakhand.
overall , the mean pefr is @number@.37±68.14.
the age is significantly affecting the pefr unlike bmi.
pefr declines with advancing age due to degenerative changes in musculoskeletal system leading to decrease in respiratory muscle strength.
pefr shows some decline with high bmi in elderly age group.
septic arthritis and spondylitis in elderly adult are uncommon disease.
but symptoms and signs of septic arthritis and spondylitis are an important medical emergency , with high mortality and morbidity.
delayed or inadequate treatment can result in irreversible joint destruction and neurological condition.
early diagnoses as well as prompt and effective treatment are essential for avoiding severe outcomes.
in spite of advances in diagnostic imaging techniques , the incidence of septic arthritis and spondylitis appears to have been increased.
spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that mainly occurs in the cervical and lumbar regions.
the development of the disease-concept is historically different between cervical spinal stenosis and lumbar spinal stenosis.
therefore , some confusion is still present in the definition and diagnosing criteria of these conditions.
japan has now become an aging society.
in @number@ people aged more than @number@ years old accounted for @percent@ of japan's entire population.
aging is associated with an increased risk of problems related to the locomotive organs.
deterioration of locomotive ability causes falls or tumbles , which would be a threat to good health and longevity of aged people.
cervical spondylosis is a disorder for age-related wear affecting the disks and vertebrae of cervical spine.
it would also be a cause of \ "locomotive syndrome \ ".
here , we give an outline of this disease and introduce its diagnosis and treatment.
molecular regulation of reparative / homeostatic autophagy induced by failure of vital resources and by cellular stress is considered.
central sensor of the regulation is kinase mtor.
autophagy is a self-regulated cell process , the peak of autophagy is followed by its regulatory weakening by amino acids formed in autophagolysosomes.
protective effect of autophagy is associated mainly with removal of permeabilized mitochondria generating ros , and elimination of abnormally folded proteins.
some approaches to use reparative autophagy for prevention of cell degeneration are considered.
objective : to explore the distribution characteristics of basic syndromes and its related factors in patients with chronic functional constipation ( cfc ) .
methods : the complete data of @number@ patients with cfc were collected and initial database was established with epidata @number@
@number@
tcm syndrome typing was performed.
the distribution characteristics of basic syndromes were analyzed using spss @number@
@number@ software.
the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with spss @number@
@percent@ ) .
aging , work fatigue , and exercise conditions were main related factors for qi deficiency syndrome ( p < 0.
@number@ p < 0.
@number@ ) .
sleep quality and poor emotional ( depression and anxiety tendencies ) were main related factors for blood deficiency syndrome ( p < 0.
@number@ p < @number@ ) .
stimulating beverages were main related factor for yin deficiency syndrome ( p < 0.05 ) .
engaged in mental work and slow transit constipation were main related factors for yang deficiency syndrome ( p < @number@
@number@ p < 0.
@number@ ) .
conclusions : cfc is featured as complex syndromes.
the most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome.
the study sample was comprised of subjects from the hrs ( n = @number@ ) and the klosa ( n = @number@ ) .
separate multivariate regression models were employed to examine the impact of socio-demographic , health , and health behaviors on cognitive functioning among older adults.
in addition , gender-specific models suggested several socio-economic and health factors had significantly different effects by gender in both countries.
cross-national comparative research identified similar risk factors , suggesting robust associations.
unique factors related to cognitive functioning in u.s. and korean older adults highlight the important role of societal influences on cognitive outcomes.
the influence of sexual attitudes on sexual activity and expression has been relatively understudied in older populations.
in the current study , we sought to understand the role sexual attitudes have on sexual well-being among middle-aged and young-old adults.
the model was then compared by gender.
therefore , among middle-aged and young-old adults , sexual well-being may be reduced by harboring negative ageist sexual attitudes.
efforts should be made to reduce stigma surrounding continued sexual activity and expression among the aged.
according to terror management theory , people are motivated to protect themselves from the potential for anxiety resulting from awareness of mortality.
in two studies , older and younger adults ' generative concern was examined following mortality or control primes.
how they experience their aging process in terms of their singlehood and vice versa.
design and methods : a approach was adopted.
in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ participants aged @number@ to @number@
this meaning is expressed by constructing their self-dentity and accepting their way of life.
this imperative often required long hours away from the family.
an important question therefore concerns the impact of caring for young children on men's perceptions of their role as grandfathers.
this interview study explores the experiences of @number@ australian grandfathers.
the analysis found themes that relate to relationships and change , as well as themes concerning core beliefs and existential questions.
this study bridges gerontology and celebrity studies to explore a social role that celebrities can fulfill for nursing home residents : triggering moral discussions.
this potential role is examined in four focus groups with @number@ nursing home residents in flanders ( belgium ) .
here , @number@ celebrity pictures are employed to evoke moral discussions , with a focus on adultery and homosexuality.
these discussions are subjected to a framing analysis.
results show that celebrities can trigger moral discussions among the nursing home residents.
the residents ' adultery and homosexuality frames show that they mostly retain dominant values from their youth , often combining them with contemporary dominant values.
further , the residents ' frames prove to be relativistic , which can be linked to their multitude of life experiences and complex emotional skills.
this study examines the quality of life of the elderly residents of two rural nebraska towns , both having experienced a large increase in population.
the results are compared to the non-elderly residents of these two communities for purposes of contrast.
a face-to-face survey of the residents addressed physical , social / cultural , economic , and service issues.
both correlation and regression were used to analyze the data.
method : participants included @number@ older men referred by their primary care providers for a behavioral health assessment at a veterans affairs medical center.
results : the sample was primarily caucasian ( mean age = @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) years ) .
patients ' higher depressive symptoms were significantly associated with positive and negative affective responses to their spouses ' social control attempts.
the frequency of control attempts and patients ' behavioral responses , however , were unrelated to patients ' depressive symptoms.
moreover , negative control attempts predicted greater negative affective responses ( e.g. , resentment , sadness ) .
the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on pointing movements under restricted visual feedback of hand movement and target location.
this study suggested that fitts ' law applied for pointing movements of the elderly adults under different visual restriction conditions.
moreover , significant main effect of aging on movement times has been found in all four tasks.
the peripheral and central changes may be the key factors for these different characteristics.
furthermore , no significant main effects of age on the mean accuracy rate under condition of restricted visual feedback were found.
the addition of vitamin e to the bulk material is a potential way to reduce the aging processes.
after @number@ million test cycles no structural failure of the gliding components was observed.
the wear rate was with @number@ ± @number@ mg / million cycles falling within the limit of previous reports for established wear test methods.
the aim of the study was to establish them.
additionally , the significance of body mass index ( bmi ) for correctly defining the cops in a young , healthy reference group was assessed.
methods : the study was composed of reference group ( n = @number@ ) and the elderly group ( n = @number@ ) .
in all subjects , body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis , and alm index was calculated.
they were used to diagnose sarcopenia in the elderly.
for males , it was @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the reference group bmi is an important factor in establishing cops for low muscle mass.
dual energy x-ray absorptiometer measured bone mineral density ( bmd ) of ovariectomized sprague dawley rats that had been fed olive oil for @number@ months.
bmd of lumbar spine and left femur was also evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : animal experiments showed that evoo significantly increased bmd and decreased phosphatase , alkaline phosphatase , il-6 , mda , and nitrate levels.
however , it had no significant effect on the ca ( 2 + ) level.
but it had no significant effect on the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level.
conclusion : evoo illustrated significant anti-osteoporosis , antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and anticancer properties in vivo.
however , further studies are required to determine the active component ( s ) responsible for these effects.
the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current evidence for the efficacy of ginkgo biloba extract egb 761 ( ® ) in dementia.
in these trials , patients were treated with @number@ mg or @number@ mg per day of the defined extract egb @number@ or placebo.
tolerability was evaluated by risk differences based on incidences of adverse events and premature discontinuation rates.
statistically significant superiority of egb @number@ over placebo was confirmed by responder analyses as well as for patients suffering from dementia with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
treatment-associated risks in terms of relative risks of adverse events and premature withdrawal rates did not differ noticeably between the two treatment groups.
in conclusion , meta-analyses confirmed the efficacy and good tolerability of ginkgo biloba extract egb @number@ in patients with dementia.
uncertainty appears to typify the experience of living with dementia.
in this context of uncertainty , the apparent clarity and certainty of a \ "dementia care pathway \ " may be attractive.
we review the evidence around these themes , as well as discuss service pathways and referral routes used by some services in england and internationally.
age-related changes of jaws and soft tissue profile are important both for orthodontists and general dentists.
mouth profile is the area which is manipulated during dental treatment.
although the importance of brucella t4ss is clear , little is known about its interactions with host cell structures.
in this study , we identified the eukaryotic protein cd98hc as a partner for brucella t4ss subunit virb2.
this transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in amino acid transport , modulation of integrin signaling , and cell-to-cell fusion.
knockdown of cd98hc expression in hela cells demonstrated that it is essential for brucella infection.
using knockout dermal fibroblasts , we confirmed its role for brucella but found that it is not required for salmonella infection.
cd98hc transiently accumulates around the bacteria during the early phases of infection and is required for both optimal bacterial uptake and intracellular multiplication of brucella.
these results provide new insights into the complex interplay between brucella and its host.
regulatory mechanisms of alx / fpr2 , the lipoxin a4 receptor , expression have considerable relevance in inflammation resolution.
by matching data from bioinformatic algorithms , we found @number@ mirs predicted to bind the @number@'-utr of alx / fpr2.
among these , we selected mir-181b because of its link with inflammation.
using a luciferase reporter system , we assessed mir-181b binding to alx / fpr2 @number@'-utr.
calcium-permeable and thermosensitive transient receptor potential ( trp ) channels mediate the nociceptive transduction of noxious temperature in drosophila nociceptors.
however , the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood.
here we find that subdued , a calcium-activated chloride channel of the drosophila anoctamin family , functions in conjunction with the thermo-trps in thermal nociception.
genetic analysis with deletion and the rnai-mediated reduction of subdued show that subdued is required for thermal nociception in nociceptors.
further genetic analysis of subdued mutant and thermo-trp mutants show that they interact functionally in thermal nociception.
we find that subdued expressed in heterologous cells mediates a strong chloride conductance in the presence of both heat and calcium ions.
therefore , our analysis suggests that subdued channels may amplify the nociceptive neuronal firing that is initiated by thermo-trp channels in response to thermal stimuli.
moreover , snm1a recruitment was significantly reduced in csb-deficient cells , suggesting coordination between the two proteins in vivo.
background : migraine is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders.
in @number@ c. miller fisher described late-life migraine accompaniments as transient neurological episodes in older individuals that mimic transient ischemic attacks.
there has not been an update on the underlying nature and etiology of late-life migraine accompanimentsd since the original description.
methods : literature searches were performed in medline® , pubmed , cochrane library , and embase databases for publications from @number@ to @date@ .
conclusion : late-life onset of migraine with aura is not rare in clinical practice and can occur without headache , especially in elderly individuals.
visual symptoms are the most common presentation , followed respectively by sensory , aphasic , and motor symptoms.
transient neurological disturbances in migraine aura can mimic other serious conditions and can be easily misdiagnosed.
careful clinical correlation and appropriate investigations are essential to exclude secondary causes.
treatments are limited and still inconsistent.
aging is associated with an attenuated physiological ability to dissipate heat.
no differences among groups were observed during recovery.
these impairments in untrained middle-aged males can be minimized through regular aerobic exercise training.
gait decline is common among older adults and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes.
yet , the functional neural substrates that support locomotion are not well established.
we acquired @number@ minutes of resting-state fmri data in @number@ cognitively healthy older adults.
gait velocity in both task conditions was associated with similar functional connectivity in sensorimotor , visual , vestibular , and left fronto-parietal cortical areas.
our findings show that there are partially overlapping functional networks associated with single- and dual-task walking conditions.
these initial findings encourage the future use of resting-state fmri as tool in developing a comprehensive understanding of age-related mobility impairments.
however , increases in health care spending are not usually linked to corresponding increases in need for care within populations.
we present a health care sustainability framework based on disaggregating the health care expenditure into separate planning components.
introduction : around @percent@ of patients with major depression experience residual symptoms.
ginseng has shown potential antidepressant effects in some animal studies and in patients with stress-related somatic symptoms.
therefore , we investigated the effectiveness and tolerability of korean red ginseng adjuvant treatment in patients with residual symptoms of major depression.
the depression residual symptom scale ( drss ) and montgomery-åsberg depression rating scale ( madrs ) were administrated to evaluate depressive symptoms.
the general severity of symptoms was assessed by a clinician using the clinical global impressions scale for severity ( cgi-s ) .
the depression and somatic symptom scale ( dsss ) was also used to evaluate somatic symptoms in the subjects.
this trial is registered at clinical.gov , number nct01496248.
somatic symptoms on the dsss also attenuated significantly during the study period ( p < @number@ ) .
discussion : these results suggest that korean red ginseng is efficacious as an adjuvant treatment for patients experiencing residual symptoms of major depression.
future placebo-controlled research is required to confirm our results.
method : the embase , medline , and psycinfo databases were searched.
results : seventy analyses in @number@ studies were included in the systematic review ; @number@ of these were included in the meta-analysis.
evidence on the mediating role of cognitive function was limited.
discussion : health literacy tests that utilize a range of fluid cognitive abilities and mirror everyday health tasks frequently observe skill limitations among older adults.
vocabulary-based health literacy skills appear more stable with age.
researchers should select measurement tests wisely when assessing health literacy of older adults.
acute aerobic exercise increases reactive oxygen species and could potentially damage proteins , but exercise training ( et ) enhances mitochondrial respiration irrespective of age.
here , we report a differential impact of et on protein quality in young and older participants.
young participants showed higher total and mitochondrial derived semitryptic peptides and 26s proteasome activity indicating increased protein degradation.
et however , increased the activity of the endogenous antioxidants in older participants.
et also increased skeletal muscle content of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirt3 in both groups.
a reduction in the acetylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase @number@ was observed following et that may counteract the effect of acute oxidative stress.
et does however increase muscle and mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in older individuals , which provides increased buffering from the acute oxidative effects of exercise.
background : osteoarthris represents one of the most frequent degenerative pathologies.
background : chronic kidney disease patients share clinical and pathological features with the general aging population.
this study sought to determine the association between these age-related factors and renal damage in patients with iga nephropathy ( igan ) .
methods : we performed a cross-sectional analysis of @number@ patients who were diagnosed with igan by renal biopsy.
we correlated the changes in expression of these markers with lee's pathologic grades and the oxford classification.
we also investigated the independent association between these markers and interstitial fibrosis using multiple linear regression analysis.
results : 8-ohdg and p16 increased but klotho decreased with progression of pathologic grade.
expression of 8-ohdg and p16 increased with the deterioration of mesangial hypercellularity and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
in addition , p16 increased but klotho decreased with progression of tubular atrophy / interstitial fibrosis.
multivariable regression analyses revealed that aging , increased renal expression of p16 and decreased expression of klotho were independently correlated with interstitial fibrosis.
conclusions : the age-related factors might play important roles in the development of igan.
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between loneliness in elderly people with the use of psychotropic drugs.
methods : a subsample of @number@ participants ( ages 55-85 ) of the large population-based german esther study was included in the study.
loneliness was measured by using a three-item questionnaire.
two subgroups were defined according to their degrees of loneliness.
psychotropic drugs were categorized by study doctors.
depression severity , somatic symptom severity , and female gender were also positively associated with the use of psychotropic drugs.
age-dependent comorbidities , such as hearing disorders , are more prevalent and affect the quality of life in a noticeable manner.
results : we found a prevalence of hearing disorders in @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) , of whom @percent@ used hearing aids.
conclusions : hearing disorders are relevant in elderly individuals and they affect their perceived quality of life in a noticeable manner.
in addition , they are associated with other clinical , functional and cognitive problems.
nevertheless , the intervention with hearing aids reverses that perception.
ckd is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and cardiovascular disease can lead to ckd.
however , after many years of research , the debate over the exact pathways by which fgf23 may lead to increased cvd still continues.
fgf23 may have both direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system.
better understanding of the most relevant pathophysiologic pathways for fgf23 may lead to therapeutic interventions against cardiovascular disease in patients with ckd.
mitochondria are central organelles for cellular metabolism.
in cancer cells , mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ( oxphos ) dysfunction has been shown to promote migration , invasion , metastization and apoptosis resistance.
this integrin-β1 n-glycosylation pattern was correlated with higher levels of membrane-bound integrin-β1 and also with increased binding to fibronectin.
there was no association between blood lead concentration and ltl.
there is a public health demand to prevent health conditions which lead to increased morbidity and mortality among the rapidly-increasing elderly population.
data for the incidence of such conditions exist in cohort studies worldwide , which , however , differ in various aspects.
a survey instrument assessing ageing-related conditions of the elderly will be also developed.
fourteen cohort studies participate in chances with @number@ elderly ( and @number@ deaths ) , from @number@ european and three non-european countries.
so far , @number@ variables on health conditions and a variety of exposures , including biomarkers and genetic data have been harmonized.
different research hypotheses are investigated with meta-analyses.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ( ppar-γ ) agonists , as newly-developed oral hypoglycaemic agents , were evaluated as a possible therapy for ad.
the results were pooled using a random-effects model.
results : nine eligible studies were identified , with @number@ participants.
rosiglitazone was not efficacious , even for apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 non-carriers ( md @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
there was no increase in any adverse events ( aes ) or serious aes compared with placebo.
peripheral edema was the most frequent ae related to ppar-γ agonist treatment ( rr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.37-7.23 ) .
conclusions : there is insufficient evidence to support the use of rosiglitazone in amci and ad patients in order to improve cognitive performance.
ppar-γ agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are generally well-tolerated in ad and amci patients.
objective : ascertain the incidence of cryptogenic axonal polyneuropathy ( cap ) and how this relates to the overall incidence of polyneuropathy.
medical files were reviewed to specify the final diagnosis.
age-adjusted incidence rates for the netherlands were calculated using national age-specific population figures.
the incidence of cap was @number@.6 / 100 , 000 person-years ( @percent@ confidence interval @date@ @number@ ) in persons aged @number@ years and older.
conclusions : the chance of establishing an etiologic diagnosis in patients presenting with a polyneuropathy decreases with age.
given the aging population , polyneuropathy in general and cap in particular will pose a growing health care problem.
systolic hypertension , the predominant form of hypertension in patients aged over 50-60 years , is a growing health issue as the asian population ages.
elevated systolic blood pressure is mainly caused by arterial stiffening , resulting from age-related vascular changes.
hence , effective systolic pressure lowering is particularly important in asians yet blood pressure control remains inadequate despite the availability of numerous antihypertensive medications.
reasons for poor blood pressure control include low awareness of hypertension among health-care professionals and patients , under-treatment , and tolerability problems with antihypertensive drugs.
methods : the honolulu-asia aging study is a prospective cohort study of japanese american men in honolulu , hi.
higher minimum spo₂ during rem sleep was associated with less gliosis and neuronal loss in the locus ceruleus.
cognitive scores declined less among men with greater sws duration.
spearman's correlation coefficient and anova were used to analyze the variables.
results : the nulliparous women had higher pfm electromyographic activity than the other groups.
the primigravid pregnant , cesarean section and vaginal delivery groups had higher electromyographic activity than the postmenopausal group.
there was no correlation between pfm electromyographic activity and bmi.
conclusion : fourteen percent of women participating were not able to perform active contraction of the pfm.
pfm electromyographic activity changed during the female life cycle.
pfm electromyographic activity correlated inversely with age , parity , and the presence and severity of urinary symptoms.
accumulating evidence has indicated that the light source emitted from light-emitting diode ( led ) has a potential anti-aging effect on human skin.
in the present study , we demonstrated that continuous irradiation with a 633±3-nm led exerted anti-aging effects in both in vitro and ex vivo experiments.
furthermore , a 14-day led irradiation moderately increased keratinocyte proliferation.
overall , these data provide insight into the anti-aging effects of continuous led irradiation on human skin.
ocular , corneal , and internal hoas were measured in micrometers.
linear regression analyses were used to determine whether hoas were associated with age or other factors.
results : multiple adjusted linear regression analyses demonstrated that all components of logarithmic hoas increase with age.
age-related spherical aberration increased only in the internal component ( @number@.019 / y , p = @number@ ) .
in addition to age , ocular and corneal hoas were mainly affected by corneal indexes.
conclusions : aging is associated with increases in ocular hoas , independent of other possible confounding factors.
the association of ocular hoas with corneal parameters indicates that ocular hoas are mainly generated by the cornea.
internal hoas , supposedly generated from cataract progression , may be associated with systemic factors , including serum creatinine levels and blood pressure.
electronic searches were conducted in pubmed , embase , psycinfo , cinahl , cochrane library , proquest dissertations and theses , and worldcatdissertations.
hand searches were conducted in selected journals and their supplements.
results : search yielded @number@ titles and abstracts from electronic databases and @number@ titles from hand searches , and @number@ studies met inclusion criteria.
conclusion : in our systematic review , cognitive impairment was one of the strongest preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery.
[ this corrects the article on p. @number@ in vol. @number@ pmid : @number@ ] .
the aim of this mini-review is to describe the potential application of surface electromyography ( semg ) techniques in aging studies.
aging is characterized by multiple changes of the musculoskeletal system physiology and function.
this paper will examine some of the innovative methods used to monitor age-related alterations of the neuromuscular system from semg signals.
a description of critical assumptions which underlie some of these approaches is emphasized.
the first part focuses on the evolution of the recording techniques and describes some methodological issues.
unfortunately , mitochondria undergo age-associated changes that compromise the above-mentioned properties that eventually contribute to the development of sarcopenia.
physical exercise is a powerful stimulus to pgc-1α expression and signaling.
this paper studies the procedural learning of semantic categorization in @number@ patients with non-demented parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the pd group showed similar scores to those of the control group on semantic categorization.
both groups showed reaction time reduction over the semantic procedural task , but the pd group produced longer reaction times than the control subjects.
the present results support the notion that non-demented pd patients may be capable of acquiring comparable semantic skill to those of the control group.
background : us studies suggest that leptin , a fat-derived hormone , may be protective against the development of dementia.
objective : to investigate the complex relationship between leptin levels and cognitive decline in elderly italians.
global cognitive decline was defined as a reduction of ≥5 points on the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
trail-making tests a and b were also incorporated , with cognitive decline defined as discontinued testing or the worst @percent@ of change from baseline.
we also investigated whether any association could be explained by midlife weight and whether cognitive decline was associated with changing leptin levels.
conclusions : high leptin levels were independently associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline in elderly italians.
technologies that provide immersive experiences continue to become more ubiquitous across all age groups.
in most cases , promising results were found for immersive technologies to challenge age-related declines , especially through the increase of morale.
transient receptor potential ( trp ) channels have been increasingly implicated in the pathological mechanisms of cns disorders.
therefore , elucidating the roles of trp channels in stroke could shed light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve stroke outcome.
longevity is different for every animal species as well as their genome , suggesting a correlation between genes and life-span.
estimates put the genetic effect from @number@ to @percent@ approximately , suggesting that even genetic effects are dependent on environmental conditions.
this contention is largely confirmed by the study of identical twins raised apart.
they do not die at the same age and also for different reasons.
aging is not \ "genetically programmed \ " , it is outside evolutionary constraint.
evolution favors early and efficient reproduction , but does not care for longevity.
aging of ecm is a complex process , comprising progressive modification of its macromolecular components and of cell-matrix interactions.
these processes contribute to age-related ecm degradation , production of matrikins ( ecm degradation products with biological activity ) aggravating functional loss with age.
both genetic and post-genetic mechanisms are susceptible to be influenced by medical , pharmacological and dietary interventions.
among the genetic mechanisms , those attributed to sirtuins ( @number@ orthologs identified in the human genome ) are especially important.
among the environmental effects , nutrition , hygiene and weather conditions play a role.
these data justify some predictions on the evolution of life expectancy taking in account also socio-economic factors.
background and purpose : carotid atherosclerosis is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease in older adults.
although age-related cognitive decline has been associated with cerebrovascular disease , not much is known about the consequences of carotid atherosclerosis on longitudinal cognitive function.
annual composite scores of exec and mem functions were derived from item response theory.
linear mixed models were used to model longitudinal cognitive change.
results : a significant inverse relationship was found between baseline cimt and annual exec score , but not annual mem score.
due to improvements in socioeconomic development and increased life expectancy , the proportion of older people in the general population is increasing worldwide.
while this trend is something to celebrate , it also brings with it challenges for health care systems.
one particular challenge is an increase in chronic kidney disease , the prevalence of which is higher in older people.
method : a review and interpretation was conducted based on public documents , community consultations , survey analyses , and participant observation.
results : governments in australia have drawn on world health organization ( who ) concepts to establish afc initiatives.
in melbourne , state political leadership established positive ageing plans that have reinforced local government actions.
in canberra , a baseline survey and an older persons assembly were followed by modest positive ageing plans.
in sydney , a state ageing strategy developed a whole-of-government plan that has yet to be incorporated into budget processes.
discussion : afc initiatives in australia have had promising and varied starts with some aims to benefit disadvantaged older people.
notwithstanding the potential benefits , afc influence on mainstream actions of government has been limited by uncertain political commitment and growing fiscal austerity.
method : semistructured interviews using a phenomenological approach were conducted with @number@ residents of a ltc home.
thematic analysis was employed to illuminate residents ' perspectives on the nature of social relationships in this setting.
results : four key themes were identified that highlight the role of place in social relationships.
health and functional limitations posed the greatest challenge to socialization relative to characteristics of the facility itself.
discussion : residents ' insights emphasize how personal characteristics influence community culture and the experience of place.
objective : evaluate associations of neighborhood social capital and mobility of older adults.
social capital was assessed for all adults interviewed from 2002-2010 ( n = @number@ census tracts = @number@ ) .
generalized estimating equations adjusted for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics estimated mean differences and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) in mobility by social capital tertiles.
interactions by self-rated health , living arrangement , and race were tested.
we observed no significant interactions.
discussion : social capital may not contribute as much as other neighborhood characteristics to mobility.
interactions between neighborhood and individual-level characteristics should be considered in research on mobility.
significant design characteristics included sidewalks ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) and crime ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : walking interventions targeting older women should incorporate local destinations.
in older men , interventions should consider neighborhood sidewalk design and crime.
objective : persistent and consistently observed racial disparities in physical functioning likely stem from racial differences in social resources and environmental conditions.
the articles also reveal important areas of future research and policy innovation that are needed related to place and aging.
aging is progressively deteriorating physiological function that leads to increasing risks of illness and death.
increases in life expectancy and the aging of a large segment of the population have made age-related disability and morbidity increasingly important issues.
supplements such as α-lipoic acid may have antiaging effects by positively affecting oxidative stress , cognitive function , and cardiovascular function.
baseline data were collected for @number@ @number@ participants , aged from @number@ months to @number@ years.
follow-up visits are scheduled every @number@ years , and in between participants receive follow-up questionnaires.
linkage is being established with medical registries and environmental data.
lifelines contains information on biochemistry , medical history , psychosocial characteristics , lifestyle and more.
genomic data are available including genome-wide genetic data of @number@ @number@ participants.
fasting blood and 24-h urine samples are processed on the day of collection and stored at @number@ °c in a fully automated storage facility.
the aim of lifelines is to be a resource for the national and international scientific community.
requests for data and biomaterials can be submitted to the lifelines research office [ llscience@umcg.nl ] .
it is not known whether there are age- and / or gender-related differences in magnitude of motor-evoked potentials ( meps ) of the submental muscles.
knowledge of this is important in investigations of neurophysiological aspects of swallowing.
surface electromyography ( emg ) electrodes were placed at midline underlying the submental muscle group.
the older participants had larger meps during saliva swallowing than the young participants ( p = @number@ d = @number@ ) .
conversely , the older participants had lower amplitude submental emg activity during non-stimulated swallows ( p = @number@ d = @number@ ) .
gender had no significant effect on mep magnitude and on submental activity during saliva swallowing.
there were no effects of age or gender on mep latencies.
these findings suggest deterioration in muscle function with age in a sample of healthy adults presenting with functional swallowing.
we speculate that muscular decline is partially ameliorated by increased cortical activity-i.e. , increased submental meps-so as to preserve swallowing function in healthy older subjects.
these findings emphasize the need for different reference points for evaluation of submental meps of different age groups.
a key determinant of geriatric frailty is sarcopenia , the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.
in the redundant target effect , participants respond faster with two ( redundant ) targets.
we compared the magnitude of this effect in younger and older adults , with and without distractors , in a simple visual-detection task.
we employed additional measures that allow non-parametric assessment of performance ( townsend's capacity coefficient ) and parametric estimates ( linear ballistic accumulator model ) .
older participants ' latencies were slower , especially in the presence of distractors , and their calculated capacity indicators increased with distractors.
acute muscle injury and physiological stress from chronic muscle diseases and aging lead to impairment of skeletal muscle function.
this raises the question of whether p53 , a cellular stress sensor , regulates muscle tissue repair under stress conditions.
this reduction of myogenin protein is observed in g1-arrested cells and leads to decreased expression of late but not early differentiation markers.
in response to acute genotoxic stress , p53-mediated repression of myogenin reduces post-mitotic nuclear abnormalities in terminally differentiated cells.
parkinson's disease and atypical forms of parkinsonism occur mainly in the elderly , with oxidative stress and inflammation in afflicted cells.
tl and motor and cognitive performance were assessed at baseline ( diagnosis ) and repeatedly up to three to five years follow up.
no difference in tl between controls and patients was shown at baseline , nor any significant difference in tl stability or attrition during follow up.
background : there are conflicting results about the association between body mass index ( bmi ) and depressive symptoms in older adults.
the present study examined the relationship between weight and depressive symptoms over time in older adults in south korea.
we assumed a temporally stable relationship between depressive symptoms and obesity and , thus imposed equality constraints over time.
the same patterns were observed in data from @number@ to @number@ and from @number@ to @number@
conclusions : these results show that there is a correlation between depressive symptoms and weight status.
in middle-aged and elderly asian populations , depression can lead to weight loss rather than obesity , and underweight may develop depressive symptoms.
many avenues have been explored but no global picture or clear evidence has emerged.
human studies have revealed only a weak link between ω-3 pufa status and cognitive aging , whereas interventional studies have yet to confirm it.
the purpose of this review is to analyze the developments in the area during the last @number@ years.
background : the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) has been increasing worldwide over recent decades.
the findings were compared with data obtained in the 1990s.
results : basal acid output ( bao ) and maximal acid output ( mao ) gradually decreased with age in h. pylori-negative subjects.
mao decreased gradually with age in males , whereas it remained unchanged with age in females.
conclusions : in contrast to the increased prevalence of gerd , gastric acid secretion has not increased over the past two decades in japanese.
transcriptome analysis of human brain provides fundamental insight into development and disease , but it largely relies on existing annotation.
while many ders annotated to non-exonic sequence ( @percent@ ) , most were similarly regulated in cytosolic mrna extracted from independent samples.
the ders were developmentally conserved across @number@ brain regions and in the developing mouse cortex , and were expressed in diverse cell and tissue types.
the ders were further enriched for active chromatin marks and clinical risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.
lastly , we demonstrate quantitatively that these ders associate with a changing neuronal phenotype related to differentiation and maturation.
therapeutic drugs including anti-estrogen and aromatase inhibitors are used to treat patients with breast cancer.
the estrogen receptors , erα and erβ , function as hormone-dependent transcription factors that directly regulate the expression of their target genes.
therefore , a better understanding of the function and regulation of estrogen-responsive genes provides insight into the gene regulation network associated with breast cancer.
recent technological developments in high-throughput sequencing have enabled the genome-wide identification of estrogen-responsive genes.
further elucidating the estrogen gene cascade is critical for advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein @number@ ( lrp1 ) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor abundantly expressed in neurons.
increasing evidence demonstrates that lrp1 regulates synaptic integrity and function at the post synapses , at least partially by regulating glutamate receptors.
our previous work has shown that neuronal deletion of the lrp1 gene in mice leads to decreased level of glua1 and reduced long-term potentiation.
to understand the underlying mechanism , we investigated the cellular and functional consequences of lrp1 deletion in primary neurons.
here , we show that lrp1 interacts with and regulates the cellular distribution and turnover of glua1.
decreased lrp1 expression also attenuated ampa-evoked calcium influx and reduced glua1-regulated neurite outgrowth and filopodia density.
our results reveal a novel mechanism by which lrp1 controls synaptic integrity and function , specifically by regulating glua1 trafficking , phosphorylation and turnover.
they further demonstrate that lrp1-glua1 pathway may hold promises as a therapeutic target for restoring synaptic functions in neurodegenerative diseases.
lipid metabolic disturbances are related to many diseases , such as obesity , diabetes , and certain cancers.
notably , lipid metabolic disturbances have been reported to be a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
nuclear receptors act as ligand-dependent transcription regulators and play key roles in the regulation of body lipid metabolism and the development of many cancers.
retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α ( rorα ) is a nuclear receptor and can regulate several lipid metabolism genes in certain cancers.
in addition , the conditioned medium leads to a decrease in the expression of rorα and its target genes.
meanwhile , rorα and its target gene expressions are lower in human colorectal tumor tissue compared with control colorectal tissue.
in addition , lipogenic gene expression is higher in human colorectal tumor tissue compared with control colorectal tissue.
cs inhibits the expression of lipogenic genes in colorectal cancer cells.
these results suggest that rorα could represent a direct link between local lipid metabolism of colorectal tissue and colorectal cancer.
therefore , the reduction of the expression of rorα could represent a potential warning sign of colorectal cancer.
intracellular events in neurons , which lead to memory loss in mhe by elevated da , however , remain elusive.
results : cognitive impairment was observed in mhe rats and da ( @number@ µg , i.c.v. ) -treated rats.
the levels of da in the cerebral cortex of both mhe and da ( @number@ µg ) -treated rats were increased.
da conversely modulated the p-jak2 / p-stat3 levels in pcns.
our findings provide not only a novel pathological hallmark in mhe but also a novel target in mhe therapy.
lrrk2 , a gene relevant to parkinson's disease , encodes a scaffolding protein with both gtpase and kinase activities.
we further show that lrrk2 recruitment to tgn46-positive golgi-derived vesicles is modulated by constitutive lrrk2 phosphorylation by ck1α.
these effects are mediated by differential protein interactions of lrrk2 with a guanine nucleotide exchange factor , arhgef7.
the lineage-specified progenitors of ilc3s and their site of development after birth remain undefined.
rorγt ( + ) cd34 ( + ) hpcs were located in tonsils and intestinal lamina propria ( lp ) and selectively differentiated toward ilc3s.
many studies have shown a strong correlation between serum cholesterol levels and risk of developing cad.
uv irradiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
an imbalance between the antioxidant system and ros can lead to cell damage , premature skin aging or skin cancer.
to counteract these processes , antioxidants such as coenzyme q10 ( coq10 ) are contained in many cosmetics.
to improve and optimize cell / tissue penetration properties of the lipophilic coq10 , ultra-small lipid nanoparticles ( usnlc ) were developed.
the antioxidant effectiveness of coq10-loaded usnlc compared to conventional nanocarriers was investigated in the human keratinocyte cell line hacat.
therefore , usnlc-coq10 are very suitable to increase the antioxidant potential of skin.
genome-wide association studies ( gwass ) have identified many genetic variants underlying complex traits.
many detected genetic loci harbor variants that associate with multiple-even distinct-traits.
most current analysis approaches focus on single traits , even though the final results from multiple traits are evaluated together.
such approaches miss the opportunity to systemically integrate the phenome-wide data available for genetic association analysis.
we allow for trait heterogeneity effects.
population structure and cryptic relatedness can also be controlled.
our simulations suggest that the proposed method has improved statistical power over single-trait analysis in most of the cases we studied.
six additional loci with suggestive association evidence ( p < @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) were also observed , including cacna1d and wnt3.
our study strongly suggests that analyzing multiple phenotypes can improve statistical power and that such analysis can be executed with the summary statistics from gwass.
our method also provides a way to study a cross phenotype ( cp ) association by using summary statistics from gwass of multiple phenotypes.
inflammation-induced alterations in central nervous system ( cns ) metabolism have focused on glutamate.
increased glutamate has also been found in depression , a disorder associated with increased inflammation.
background : serum amh is declining with age and is highly associated with ovarian follicular reserve and disordered folliculogenesis.
however , the precise role of amh in the process of human follicular aging has still to be determined.
methods : we conducted a prospective study.
sixty-eight women undergoing in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) treatment were enrolled in the study.
conclusions : amh is highly expressed and secreted from cumulus gcs of advanced age patients.
this remarkable correlation between amh mrna levels in cumulus cells in respect to age suggests that amh may be involved in follicular aging process.
objective : to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between benzodiazepine use and daily activity limitations , according to drug indications and duration of action.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : population-based three-city study.
participants : @number@ participants aged @number@ years and over included between @number@ and @number@ and followed after @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
measurements : benzodiazepine users were separated into hypnotic , short-acting anxiolytic , and long-acting anxiolytic users and compared with non users.
three outcomes were examined assessing restrictions in mobility , instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) and social participation.
conclusions : benzodiazepine users are at increased risk of activity limitations regardless of the duration of action or indication.
chronic use of benzodiazepines should be avoided in order to extend disability-free survival.
mitochondria are the oxygen-consuming power plants of cells.
they provide a critical milieu for the synthesis of many essential molecules and allow for highly efficient energy production through oxidative phosphorylation.
further , failure of these pathways may lead to human disease.
we review these pathways and propose a strategy towards a treatment for these often untreatable disorders.
background : carotid artery geometry has been suggested as a risk factor for atherosclerotic carotid artery disease ( acd ) .
we investigated carotid artery geometric changes with aging to identify geometric features associated with the presence of acd.
the same geometric features were measured in @number@ patients ( @number@ ± @number@ years old ) with unilateral acd.
geometric features associated with presence of acd were determined by using the nondiseased contralateral carotid artery as an intrinsic control.
elastin-stained carotid arteries were analyzed to assess age-related structural changes in @number@ deceased individuals.
density and continuity of circumferential and longitudinal elastin in the cca and ica decreased with age.
conclusions : with increasing age , bulb diameter , tortuosity , and bifurcation angle increases in carotid arteries.
these geometric changes may be related to degradation and fragmentation of intramural elastin.
arteries with atherosclerotic occlusive disease demonstrate decreased ica tortuosity and smaller bifurcation angles compared with nondiseased carotid arteries.
introduction : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid ( aβ ) associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
the functional form to model the association between aβ and regional brain atrophy has not been well defined.
several parameterizations of csf aβ were compared using likelihood ratio tests and the akaike information criterion.
results : spline models resulted in better fits for many temporal and parietal regions compared with the dichotomous models.
the important biological finding of this work is that some brain regions show periods of accelerated volume loss well before the csf aβ42 threshold.
this implies that signs of brain atrophy develop before the current conventional definition of \ "preclinical ad \ ".
the neurotropic parasite toxoplasma gondii infects one third of the world population , but its effect on memory remains ambiguous.
however , no relationship with delayed memory was observed.
in conclusion , latent toxoplasmosis is widespread in older adults and may primarily affect immediate rather than delayed memory , particularly in white americans.
background : depression is associated with increased mortality , but it is unclear if this relationship is truly causal.
objectives : to determine the relative mortality associated with past and current depression , taking into account the effect of frailty.
main outcome and measures : all-cause mortality data were derived from australian death records up to @date@ .
history of past depression and age of onset of symptoms were obtained from direct questioning and from electronic health record linkage.
diagnosis of current major depressive symptoms followed diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th edition , text revision guidelines.
other measured factors included age , education , living arrangements , smoking and alcohol history , and physical activity.
results : @number@ participants died during mean period of follow-up of @number@ ± @number@ years.
further decline in mortality hazard was observed after adjustment for other measured factors.
conclusions : current , but not past , depression is associated with increased mortality , and this excess mortality is strongly associated with frailty.
interventions designed to decrease depression-related mortality in later life may need to focus on ameliorating frailty in addition to treating depression.
design : prospective study with 1-year follow-up.
participants : cancer patients aged > 60 years.
methods : pha was derived from whole body impedance analysis.
the fifth percentile of age- , sex- , and body mass index-stratified reference values were used as cut-off.
quality of life was determined with the european organization of research and treatment in cancer questionnaire , reflecting both several function scales and symptom severity.
muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength , knee extension strength , and peak expiratory flow.
results : @number@ cancer patients , aged 60-95 years , were recruited.
low pha moreover predicted 1-year mortality in the cox proportional hazards regression model , whereas grip strength was no longer significant.
design : systematic review of intervention and observational studies.
data sources : thirteen electronic databases were searched from inception until @date@ in all languages.
references of included papers and reviews were checked.
results : a total of @number@ titles and abstracts were identified , @number@ full-text articles were obtained and @number@ were included in the review.
nineteen intervention and @number@ observational studies from @number@ countries investigated factors at the resident , institutional , or policy level.
reported findings from @number@ of the @number@ intervention studies investigating the effect of multicomponent strategies on fluid intake or dehydration described a positive effect.
components included greater choice and availability of beverages , increased staff awareness , and increased staff assistance with drinking and toileting.
implementation of the us resident assessment instrument reduced dehydration prevalence from @percent@ to @percent@ , p = @number@
this us study did not suggest any effect of staffing levels on dehydration prevalence.
the review protocol was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews ( @url@
however , the effect of age on ffr has not been well-studied.
we aimed to evaluate the impact of age on the favorable results of routine ffr-guided pci for multivessel cad.
we also evaluated the effect of age on the ffr result of varying degrees of visually estimated coronary stenosis.
conclusions : ffr-guided pci is beneficial regardless of age , however , older patients have fewer functionally significant lesions , despite a similar angiographic appearance.
postmortem tissue from available patients displayed classic tar dna-binding protein @number@ pathology.
our findings show that pfn1 is a rare cause of als and adds further weight to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of this disease.
the molecular mechanism through which elf-emfs can influence cellular behavior is still unclear.
a hypothesis is that elf-emfs could interfere with chemical reactions involving free radical production.
under physiologic conditions , cells maintain redox balance through production of ros / rns and antioxidant molecules.
the altered balance between ros generation and elimination plays a critical role in a variety of pathologic conditions including neurodegenerative diseases , aging and cancer.
actually , there is a disagreement as to whether there is a causal or coincidental relationship between elf-emf exposure and leukemia development.
increased ros levels have been observed in several hematopoietic malignancies including acute and chronic myeloid leukemias.
modulation in kinetic parameters of cat , cyp-450 and inos enzymes in response to elf-emf indicates an interaction between the elf-emf and the enzymological system.
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) have profound effects on brain development and function.
this article provides an overview of physiologic factors regulating pufa utilization , highlighting their relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.
the changes are consistent with expected behavior related to myelination and asynchrony of fiber development.
the intra- and extracellular axial diffusivities as estimated with wmti do not change appreciably in normal brain development.
finally , we discuss the feasibility of a model with fewer assumptions.
abnormal mineral metabolism is a hallmark in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
hyperphosphatemia , and the homeostatic mechanisms controlling phosphate metabolism , have received particular attention over the past decade.
the fgf23-klotho endocrine axis is a pivotal regulator of mineral metabolism.
in ckd , early onset of klotho deficiency contributes to renal fgf23 resistance and a maladaptive increase in circulating fgf23.
fgf23 is an early biomarker of renal injury and increased fgf23 predicts adverse clinical outcomes , in particular cardiovascular disease.
it is well known that the onset of essential hypertension occurs earlier in men than women.
numerous studies have shown sex differences in the vasculature , kidney and sympathetic nervous system contribute to this sex difference in the development of hypertension.
we also propose a hypothesis for why mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced hypertension are sex-specific.
trabecular bone is a metabolically active tissue with a high surface to volume ratio.
it exhibits viscoelastic properties that may change during aging.
changes in bone properties due to altered metabolism are sensitively revealed in trabecular bone.
however , the relationships between material composition and viscoelastic properties of bone , and their changes during aging have not yet been elucidated.
for composition , collagen content , mineralization , carbonate substitution and mineral crystallinity were evaluated.
creep time constant ( η2 / e2 ) tended to increase with crystallinity ( r = 0.422 , p = 0.057 ) .
age showed no significant associations with nanoindentation parameters.
this association may be independent of human age.
an experimental evaluation of human coronal dentin was performed using nanoscopic dynamic mechanical analysis ( nanodma ) .
specimens of coronal dentin were evaluated by nanodma using single indents and in scanning mode via scanning probe microscopy.
for both the intertubular and peritubular components , the capacity for dampening was significantly lower in the old group.
cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death globally , accounting for over @number@ million deaths each year.
it is well known that age modulates cardiac function at the level of the individual cardiomyocyte.
this may arise due to a decrease in peak l-type ca ( 2 + ) current.
interestingly , ca ( 2 + ) handling is modulated by age to a lesser degree in females.
we consider how changes in both electrical properties and intracellular ca ( 2 + ) handling may interact to modulate cardiomyocyte contraction.
we also reflect on why cardiovascular risk may differ between the sexes by highlighting sex-specific variation in the age-associated remodeling process.
this article is part of a special issue entitled cv aging.
search results were rapidly screened to identify articles of relevance.
our results reveal potential molecular targets for intervention in synaptic failure and prevention of cognitive decline in vad.
in this paper , we investigate the use of non-negative matrix factorization ( nnmf ) for the analysis of structural neuroimaging data.
importantly , these decompositions achieve dimensionality reduction via highly interpretable ways and generalize well to new data as shown via split-sample experiments.
we demonstrate the ability of nnmf to produce sparse parts-based representations of the data at various resolutions.
these representations seem to follow what we know about the underlying functional organization of the brain and also capture some pathological processes.
moreover , we show that these low dimensional representations favorably compare to descriptions obtained with more commonly used matrix factorization methods like pca and ica.
altered mental state is a very common presentation in the elderly admitted to the emergency department.
it has been determined that about @percent@ of patients aged @number@ or older with confusion of unknown origin have non-convulsive status epilepticus.
the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus is difficult in the elderly because possible aetiologies of confusion may present with the same clinical picture.
geriatric horses defined as horses above the age of @number@ exhibit a decline in body condition , muscle tone and general well-being.
it is not known whether these changes contribute to decreased immune function or are the result of declining immune function.
geriatric years are characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced antibody response to vaccination as a result of changes in the immune system.
humans and horses share many of these age-related changes , with only a few differences.
indeed , recent studies have shown discrepancies in cytokine mrna and protein expression between the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage immune cells.
these results provide important evidence that age-related immune changes or ' dys-functions ' are organ-specific.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : rehabilitation hospital.
interventions : not applicable.
results : of participants , @percent@ reported having at least @number@ chc , with @percent@ reporting ≥2 chcs.
the most frequently reported chc was high cholesterol ( @percent@ ) followed by hypertension ( @percent@ ) and diabetes ( @percent@ ) .
although the prevalence of chcs significantly increased with increasing age , only hypertension and cancer were significantly associated with years postinjury.
these coordinated somatic cell-oocyte interactions attempt to balance cellular metabolism with energy requirements during folliculogenesis , including changing energy utilization during meiotic resumption.
the number line ( nl ) task requires judging the relative numerical magnitude of a number and estimating its value spatially on a continuous line.
children's skill on this task has been shown to correlate with and predict future mathematical competence.
neurofunctionally , this task has been shown to rely on brain regions involved in numerical processing.
domain-specific areas for numerical processing were independently localized through a numerosity judgment task.
results show a direct relation between nl estimation performance and the amount of the activation in key areas for arithmetical processing.
in addition , the direction of the activation with problem size within the ips was associated with differences in accuracies for small subtraction problems.
in human cells , there are four sumo proteins , sumo1-4 , with sumo2 and sumo3 forming a closely related subfamily.
sumo2 / 3 , in contrast to sumo1 , are predominantly involved in the cellular response to certain stresses , including heat shock.
substantial evidence from studies in yeast has shown that sumoylation plays an important role in the regulation of dna replication and repair.
here , we report a proteomic analysis of proteins modified by sumo2 in response to dna replication stress in s phase in human cells.
pold3 is the human ortholog of pol32 in budding yeast , and has been shown to act during break-induced recombinational repair.
background : stroke is a common and important adverse event after acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) in the elderly.
it is unclear whether the risk of stroke after ami has changed with improvements in treatments and outcomes for ami in the last decade.
results : we identified @number@ subsequent hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and @number@ hospitalizations for hemorrhagic stroke within @number@ year after ami.
the 1-year rate of ischemic stroke decreased from @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.3%-3.4% ) to @percent@ ( @number@.5%-2.7% ; p < @number@ ) .
the risk-adjusted annual decline was @percent@ ( hazard ratio , @number@ [ @number@.97-0.98 ] ) and was similar across all age and sex-race groups.
the rate of hemorrhagic stroke remained stable at @percent@ and did not differ by subgroups.
conclusions : from @number@ to @number@ the 1-year risk for ischemic stroke after ami declined , whereas the risk of hemorrhagic stroke remained unchanged.
however , 30-day and 1-year mortality continued to be high.
second-generation antipsychotics ( sgas ) have been associated with an increased liability for weight gain and metabolic side effects.
among sgas , clozapine and olanzapine had great liability to induce weight gain and metabolic adverse reactions.
leptin , adiponectin , and total ghrelin play important roles in energy homeostasis and are suggested to be biomarkers of metabolic disturbances.
three hundred and thirty-three patients with schizophrenia under clozapine or olanzapine monotherapy were recruited.
control participants were recruited from a healthy community population based on a health investigation ( n = 119 ) .
fasting blood samples for glucose , cholesterol , triglycerides , leptin , adiponectin , and total ghrelin were analyzed.
there were significant differences in the levels of cholesterol , triglycerides , and glucose between these three groups.
post hoc comparisons showed that the olanzapine group had the highest levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
post hoc comparisons showed that the olanzapine group had the lowest levels of adiponectin and total ghrelin.
olanzapine had greater influences on adiponectin and total ghrelin than clozapine.
the biological mechanisms of aging , and more specifically cellular senescence , are increasingly a subject of research.
many arguments suggest that these diseases are associated with premature senescence of lung cells , which may be involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory alterations.
whether these alterations are related to a common pathogenic mechanism or develop independently in patients with copd remains an open question.
in this review , we will focus on cellular senescence and copd.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a progressive brain disorder that initially affects medial temporal lobe circuitry and memory functions.
current drug treatments have only modest effects on the symptomatic course of the disease.
in contrast , a growing body of evidence suggests that lifelong bilingualism may delay the onset of clinical ad symptoms by several years.
the purpose of the present review is to summarize evidence for bilingualism as a reserve variable against ad and discuss potential underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.
future studies that may test some of these potential mechanisms of bilingual cr effects are proposed.
introduction : glucagon-like peptide @number@ receptor ( glp-1rx ) agonists might elicit unwelcome side effects and concerns have recently been raised about their safety.
areas covered : available evidence about safety , tolerability and potential adverse events relative to glp-1rx agonists presently used.
articles were selected on the basis of the study design and importance , in the light of authors ' clinical experience and personal judgment.
the main safety concern about glp-1rx agonists use is the possible association with increased risk of pancreatitis and / or tumors.
this concern stems mainly from limited observations in animal models not confirmed in similar studies.
participants completed the knowledge of memory aging questionnaire ( cherry , brigman , hawley , & reese , @number@ ) .
the authors hypothesized that high school students would be less knowledgeable about memory aging issues than college students , middle-aged , and community-dwelling older adults.
consistent with this hypothesis , response accuracy was lower for high school students compared to their older counterparts.
implications for research and the design of instructional materials to increase people's knowledge about normative changes in adult cognition are discussed.
ppars are expressed in various cell types in the skin , including keratinocytes , fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells.
however , the detailed mechanism of pparα / γ's role in photoageing has not yet been elucidated.
proteins are important targets of several modifications caused by oxidative stress , leading to structural changes and consequently partial or total loss of their functions.
the oxidized proteins include advanced oxidation protein products ( aopp ) derived from oxidation-modified albumin , as well as fibrinogen and lipoproteins.
an increase in aopp levels indicates an oxidative stress state and the presence of coexisting inflammation.
several investigations have also suggested an association between high aopp levels and aging-related diseases.
however , the link between elevated aopp levels and elderly mortality risk has not yet been investigated.
age , sex , socioeconomic and cultural conditions , chronic morbidities , polypharmacy , and previous morbidities were also tested as potential confounders.
within this study period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) elders died and @number@ ( @percent@ ) survived.
the analysis confirmed the link between high aopp levels and mortality risk , independent of other intervenient factors.
these results suggest that elevated aopp levels could be used to predict mortality risk in elderly patients.
methods : a cross-sectional survey was carried out among @number@ buddhist community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in nakhon pathom , thailand.
data were collected from home-based personal interviews using a structured questionnaire.
perceived social support was assessed across the four dimensions of tangible , belonging , emotional and information support.
multiple logistic regression was used for analysis.
in addition , bsn involvement was positively associated with independence in basic and advanced adl.
conclusion : the results show that involvement in bsn could contribute positively to functional health , particularly with regard to advanced adl.
addressing the need for involvement in these networks by older adults might help delay functional decline and save on healthcare costs.
aim : adequate nutritional intake is essential for pressure ulcer healing.
the purpose was to evaluate the clinical validity of these requirements in older hospitalized patients with pressure ulcers by assessing nutritional status and wound healing.
nutritional status including anthropometry and biochemical tests , and wound status by a structured severity tool , were evaluated over @number@ weeks.
energy and protein intake were determined from medical records on a typical day and dichotomized by meeting the estimated average requirement.
longitudinal data were analyzed with a multivariate mixed-effects model.
meeting the protein requirement was associated with changes in weight ( p < @number@ ) and serum albumin level ( p = @number@ ) .
these markers decreased in patients who did not meet the requirement , but were stable or increased in those who did.
conclusions : estimated energy requirement and average protein requirement were clinically validated for prevention of nutritional decline and of impaired healing of deep pressure ulcers.
background : dialysis patients suffer from a high burden of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
partly this is due to progressive deterioration of calcium-phosphate homeostasis.
the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum klotho ( sklotho ) and the presence of cvd in dialysis patients.
coronary artery disease ( cad ) and calcification score were assessed using computed tomography angiography.
abdominal aortic calcification score ( aacscore ) was measured by abdominal x-ray.
however , after adjusting for confounders , sklotho was not independently associated with the presence of cvd or the aacscore.
conclusions : in the present cohort of dialysis patients , sklotho was not independently associated with cvd.
however , patients with a low sklotho level ( < 460 pg / ml ) did show cad and lv dysfunction more frequently.
objectives : the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between sensory impairment and suicide ideation among elderly koreans.
methods : data from the 2010-2012 korea national health and nutrition examination survey v was used.
participants included @number@ older adults ( ≥65 years ) who received hearing and vision tests ; participants also completed assessments of covariates and suicide ideation.
results : the risk of suicide ideation was @number@.43-1.65 times higher among participants with visual impairment than in those without impairment.
moreover , the risk was @number@.60-1.76 times higher among those with both auditory and visual impairments than the risk for those without any impairment.
conclusion : this study found an association between sensory impairment and suicide ideation in elderly individuals.
following tumor surgery , urinary incontinence challenges prostate cancer patients ' functional health.
adjustments of functional goals ( lines of defense [ lods ] ) were examined during rehabilitation from incontinence.
within @number@ months following the onset of incontinence , @number@ patients completed questionnaires at @number@ occasions.
a theory-based hierarchy was imposed on time-invariant latent classes of lod-endorsements.
methods : older women ( n = @number@ ) were recruited from the local community.
the inclusion criteria were , to be aged @number@ years or older , able to walk and able to carry out daily living activities independently.
the experimental groups carried out @number@ weeks of an excise program performed on water or on land.
the dynamic strength , the isometric peak , and rate of torque development for the lower limbs were assessed before and after interventions.
results : the water-based program provided a similar improvement in dynamic strength in comparison with resistance training.
the rate of torque development increased only in the water-based group around the hip extensors muscles ( p < @number@ ) .
background : premature aging syndromes recapitulate many aspects of natural aging and provide an insight into this phenomenon at a molecular and cellular level.
the progeria syndromes appear to cause rapid aging through disruption of normal nuclear structure.
this mutation was described to cause instability in the banf1 protein , causing a disruption of the nuclear envelope structure.
repeated-measures logistic regression was used to determine if the rates of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors varied by group and sex.
the sex difference in internalizing / externalizing problems was found consistently across tbi groups and controls.
conclusions : childhood tbi is associated with psychosocial problems in adulthood , regardless of injury severity.
how deficits are expressed differs between the sexes , with important implications for interventions strategies.
objective : neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions are common in old age and are associated with cognitive decline.
however , considerable heterogeneity remains in residual decline ( i.e. , person-specific trajectories of cognitive decline adjusted for these common neuropathologic conditions ) .
the present study aimed to characterize profiles of residual decline in late life cognition.
method : up to @number@ waves of longitudinal cognitive data were collected from @number@ autopsied participants from @number@ ongoing clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging.
uniform neuropathologic examinations quantified measures of alzheimer's disease , cerebral infarcts , lewy body disease , and hippocampal sclerosis.
random effects mixture models characterized latent profiles of residual decline in global cognition.
results : we identified @number@ latent groups , and each group demonstrated distinct residual decline profiles.
these latent groups differed in psychological , experiential and neurobiologic factors that have been previously shown to be associated with cognitive decline.
the mixture modeling approach provides a powerful tool to identify latent groups with distinct cognitive trajectories.
objective : to test the hypothesis that negative social interaction is associated with increased risk of mild cognitive impairment and rate of cognitive decline.
methods : participants were @number@ older people without cognitive impairment at study onset.
results : during a mean of @number@ years of follow-up ( sd = @number@ ) , @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) developed mild cognitive impairment.
results were similar after adjustment for depressive symptoms , social network size , social activity , and loneliness.
this association was mainly due to neglect and rejection.
there was no change in negative social interaction rate over time ( estimate = @number@ se = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : frequent negative social interactions may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in old age.
the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) index has previously been used to identify frail hiv-infected persons.
however , data demonstrating the independent association between the vacs index and baseline frailty status is lacking.
furthermore , the ability of the vacs index to also reflect transitions in frailty status over time is unknown.
we also evaluated vacs index changes with frailty status transitions over time.
there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) nonfrail , @number@ ( @percent@ ) prefrail , and seven ( @percent@ ) frail participants at baseline.
prefrail / frail participants had significantly higher median vacs index scores compared with nonfrail participants ( @number@ versus @number@ p < 0.001 ) .
in multivariable analysis , prefrailty / frailty was independently associated with a higher vacs index score ( odds ratio @number@ p = 0.019 ) .
the vacs index score did not significantly change with transitions in frailty status over time.
our study highlights the potential utility of the vacs index in frailty assessment within the clinical setting.
object : automated eye movement tracking may provide clues to nervous system function at many levels.
the aperture moved in a rectangular pattern over a fixed time period.
the authors compared the ratio of vertical to horizontal eye movement ( height / width defined as aspect ratio ) in normal and test subjects.
for the right eye , the aspect ratio had a mean of @number@ ± @number@ in these @number@ subjects.
there was no difference between sexes or ages.
these alterations in eye tracking all reverted to normal ranges after surgical treatment of underlying pathological conditions in these @number@ neurosurgical cases.
purpose : to assess long-term impairments of executive functioning in adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( bpd ) .
method : participants were assessed on measures of executive functioning , health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) and social functioning.
analysis of variance was used to explore differences among groups for outcome measures.
multiple regression analyzes were performed to identify factors predictive of long-term outcomes.
birth weight , hrqol and social functioning were predictive of deficits in executive functioning.
children with bpd should be assessed to identify cognitive impairments and allow early intervention aimed at ameliorating their effects.
clinicians and educators should be made aware of the impact that bpd can have on the long-term development of executive functions.
children and young adults identified as having bpd should be periodically monitored to identify the need for possible intervention.
costs of male osteoporosis may have increased due to population aging and change of treatment patterns.
this cost-of-illness study provides a current estimate of the economic burden of male osteoporosis in germany.
routine claims data from six german sickness funds were analyzed and extrapolated to the german statutory health insurance ( shi ) .
total direct costs attributable to osteoporosis amounted to €728 million in @number@
the majority of these costs ( @percent@ ) resulted from inpatient treatment due to fractures.
patients aged @number@ and older caused approximately @percent@ of costs.
male osteoporosis represents a non-negligible economic burden for the german health care system.
targeted prevention and promotion measures should be offered both to men and women.
aim : we explored the association between family functioning and cognitive impairment in the very elderly aged 90-108 years.
methods : the present study comprised data from subjects included in the @number@ project of longevity and aging in dujiangyan , china.
sociodemographic and family functioning data were collected , and cognitive function was assessed in all subjects using the mini-mental state examination.
results : data from @number@ chinese nonagenarians and centenarians were included.
the prevalence of cognitive impairment was @percent@.
the prevalence of family dysfunction was @percent@ , including @percent@ severe and @percent@ moderate dysfunction.
subjects with cognitive impairment had lower family functioning scores than those without cognitive impairment ( p = @number@ ) .
pearson's correlation analysis showed that family functioning scores were correlated with mini-mental state examination scores ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
multiple logistic regressions showed that severe family dysfunction was a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
the effect remained after adjusting for sociodemographic status , life habits and metabolic indicators.
conclusions : family functioning was related to cognitive impairment among chinese nonagenarians and centenarians.
we found that the higher the family functioning scores , the higher the mini-mental state examination scores.
severe family dysfunction was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment.
we report a japanese patient with creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) with a v203i homozygous mutation of the prion protein gene ( prnp ) .
a 73-year-old woman developed rapidly progressive gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction.
four months after the onset , she entered a state of an akinetic mutism.
gene analysis revealed a homozygous v203i mutation in the prnp.
functional performance of lower urinary tract ( lut ) at enrollment and at the end of the treatment was evaluated using iciq-sf questionnaires.
administration of low dosed solifenacin is sufficient for significant decrease in risk of developing symptoms of overactive bladder.
cellular damage and deregulated apoptotic cell death lead to functional impairment , and a main consequence of these events is aging.
cellular damage is initiated by different stress / risk factors such as oxidative stress , inflammation , and heavy metals.
however , when cellular damage exceeds certain threshold levels apoptosis is initiated.
introduction : the digital divide affecting elderly patients may compromise the diffusion of telemedicine systems for this age segment.
background : over @number@ trials show that patient decision aids effectively improve patients ' information comprehension and values-based decision making.
however , gaps remain in our understanding of several fundamental and applied questions , particularly related to the design of interactive , personalized decision aids.
iterative focus groups provided feedback on paper drafts and online prototypes.
results : this interdisciplinary , theory-based , patient-centered design approach produced a prototype for field-testing in six months.
they spent a mean of @number@ minutes using the decision aid and @percent@ preferred using their home / library computer.
completing the web-based decision aid reduced mean decisional conflict scores from @number@ to @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
within this platform , the web-based decision aid component performed comparably with the videobooklet decision aid used in clinical practice.
methods : this is a multi-centre , prospective , non-interventional observational study carried out in france , germany , spain and the united kingdom.
subjects were eligible if the investigator had already decided to prescribe bont-a ( s.u ) , according to the labelling.
subjects completed a questionnaire at both @number@ weeks and @number@ months after treatment.
results : about @number@ subjects completed at least one of the two questionnaires.
about half of the subjects ( @percent@ ) were naive to bont-a treatment of the glabella , while @percent@ had previously received another product.
treatment was safe and well tolerated , as directly determined in the survey.
major reasons for satisfaction included the positive aesthetic outcome , a natural appearance , a rested look and comfort of injection.
most subjects felt the treatment brought them ' harmony' , ' self-esteem / confidence ' or ' youth'.
cockayne syndrome presents senescence-like changes starting in early infancy ; however , the mechanism of premature aging remains unclear.
the distribution of p53 overexpression was coincident with that of pathological alteration , such as neuronal loss , calcification and atrophy.
high expression of p53 was localized in the cytoplasm , not in the nucleus.
in contrast to p53 , rb was not expressed in any senescence lesion.
in terms of senescence , distinct differences are found among organs in a patient with cockayne syndrome.
this segmental progeria differs from natural aging , and implicates p53 overexpression in the etiology of cs.
depression in the elderly is a significant health issue that has the potential to seriously affect physical and emotional well-being.
therefore , the treatment of geriatric depression is necessary.
antidepressant treatment in older depressed patients is efficacious , but differences in the effectiveness of different classes of antidepressants have not been demonstrated.
however , differences in tolerability profile are most recognizable in the elderly.
comorbidities require the use of other drugs , which increases the possibility of drug-drug interactions.
given these aspects , individualized therapy for each elderly patient is needed to achieve acceptable risk-benefit ratio.
the liver is known to be a target tissue for estrogen signaling , but the physiological role of this signaling is not well characterized.
through analyses of an estradiol ( e2 ) -treated hepatocyte cell line and mice , we showed that e2 signaling controls hepatocyte proliferation.
ph rapidly induced marked increases in circulating e2 and erα transcripts in periportal hepatocytes , well before the onset of hepatocyte proliferation.
taken together , our results indicate that increased e2 is one of the initiating signals that trigger liver regeneration.
we suggest that e2 treatment could be beneficial for stimulating liver regeneration in humans.
before @number@ which is the year the world anti-doping agency banned its use , glycerol was commonly used by athletes for hyperhydration purposes.
through its effect on osmoreceptors , we believe that sodium could prove a viable alternative to glycerol as a hyperhydrating agent.
no significant differences in heart rate or abdominal discomfort were observed between treatments.
in conclusion , our results indicate that sih is a superior hyperhydrating technique than , and proves to be a worthwhile alternative to , gih.
advance care planning is considered a best practice within health care.
however , the extent to which planning occurs within prison settings is unknown.
this article will outline the barriers and the steps that were taken to create systems change to promote and sustain advance care planning.
due to improved surgical technologies and post-operative care , long-term survival has improved in patients with congenital heart disease.
in this review , the authors describe the epidemiology , pathophysiology and outcome of the different therapies of af in this specific patient population.
design : this was a randomized controlled design.
setting : the study was conducted in a laboratory.
intervention : interventions included a 6-month caloric restriction diet alone or caloric restriction diet + resistance training.
no significant differences in tee , physical activity ee , and pyy were noted between baseline and after the intervention.
changes in fm and leptin accounted for @percent@ of the variance in δree ( p = @number@ ) .
greater predicted vs measured ree was noted after the intervention ( p = @number@ ) .
however , δ leptin and δpyy were not significant predictors of the differences between postintervention measurement and predicted ree.
conclusions : δ leptin and δfm were strong contributors to changes in ree.
however , δ leptin and δpyy were not significant predictors of the differences between predicted and measured ree after the intervention.
this review analyzes bottle-fermented sparkling wine research at each stage of production by evaluating existing knowledge to identify areas that require future investigation.
the aim of this review is to identify enological factors that affect bottle-fermented sparkling wine quality , predominantly aroma , flavor , and foaming quality.
an internationally accepted sensory analysis method specifically designed for sparkling wine is required.
healthy old and young adults ( n = @number@ each ) participated in this study.
the authors divided the task into @number@ phases ( accelerated , decelerated , and steady ) based on the relationship between com and cop.
cop-com distances in the older group were significantly reduced during the accelerated phase , then significantly increased during the decelerated and steady phases.
furthermore , distances during these phases correlated inversely with ols time.
methods : data were obtained from a five-wave panel composed of older taiwanese adults from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
a group-based model of trajectory analysis was applied with time-dependent and time-independent variables.
results : three trajectory groups were identified : maintaining nonfrailty , developing frailty , and high risk of frailty.
physical risk factors and psychological factors were associated with frailty within each group.
higher financial satisfaction and social participation were protective factors from frailty for the developing frailty group and high risk of frailty group , respectively.
conclusion : older adults should promote their health physically , psychologically , and socially.
the purpose of this study was to determine which functional test best discriminates between elderly women with low and high concern about falls.
factorial analysis and discriminant analysis were used.
results : factorial analysis resulted in three factors that explained @percent@ of the total variance.
among the original variables of factor @number@ the fisher linear coefficient showed that the tug was the most discriminant of the tests.
these rt and variability data were related to the single-task and dual-task practice benefits.
results : in both age groups , dual-task processing was speeded up with practice and variability associated with the means was reduced.
most important , independent of mean rts , variability allowed predicting dual-task practice benefit in both age groups under specific conditions.
conclusion : these findings suggest that the relationship between performance variability and executive control functions under some specific conditions.
implications of these results for models of practiced dual tasks are discussed.
unlabelled : background / study context : aging has traditionally been related to impairments in proper name retrieval.
this study analyzed the possible role of the inhibitory deficit hypothesis in explaining face naming impairments during aging.
results : retrieval-induced forgetting for names was observed in the yo group but not in the oo group.
unlabelled : background / study context : mental training may potentially enhance motor performance and self-efficacy in older adults.
the three tasks were completed first in the subjects ' imagination and then in reality , with time required as the dependent measure.
this is in contrast to earlier studies that used a less realistic walking scenario and found an age-related decay even for mi means.
age-related alterations of cmi were observed as well , but they correlated little with those of walking.
these characteristics of mi should be taken into account when assessing its decay in old age , and when designing mental training for the elderly.
methods : participants were @number@ older african americans ( 60-98 years old ) enrolled in the minority aging research study.
discrimination , depressive symptoms , and psychological and social resources were assessed via interview using validated measures.
conclusion : findings provide support for accumulating evidence on the adverse mental health effects of discrimination among older african americans.
further studies are needed to examine a wider range of coping resources among older adults.
strategies ( such as guided tissue regeneration ) have been developed to guide and control regeneration using bioresorbable membranes and bone grafts.
to achieve complete repair and regeneration it is necessary to recapitulate the developmental process with complete formation of cementum , bone and periodontal ligament fibers.
dna repair genes are involved in several diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases.
previous studies indicated that a dna repair system was involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
all polymorphisms were genotyped by pcr and / or pcr-rflp.
the association between the polymorphisms and ra was analyzed using the chi-square test and de finetti program.
the intron @number@ vntr polymorphism in the xrcc4 gene showed an association with ra patients.
the present study focused on alzheimer disease , a condition commonly associated with cognitive declines detrimental to daily life activities such as crossing the street.
twenty-five participants with mild dementia and @number@ controls carried out a street-crossing task in a simulated environment.
they also took a battery of cognitive tests.
clinicians are encouraged to use it to help estimate whether a patient can drive , walk , and cross a street safely.
background : diminished control of standing balance , traditionally indicated by greater postural sway magnitude and speed , is associated with falls in older adults.
tai chi ( tc ) is a multisystem intervention that reduces fall risk , yet its impact on sway measures vary considerably.
methods : a cross-sectional comparison of standing postural sway in healthy tc-naïve and tc-expert ( @number@.5±12 yrs experience ) adults.
tc-naïve participants then completed a 6-month , two-arm , wait-list randomized clinical trial of tc training.
postural sway was assessed before and after the training during standing on a force-plate with eyes-open ( eo ) and eyes-closed ( ec ) .
anterior-posterior ( ap ) and medio-lateral ( ml ) sway speed , magnitude , and complexity ( quantified by multiscale entropy ) were calculated.
single-legged standing time and timed-up-and-go tests characterized physical function.
traditional measures of sway speed and magnitude were not significantly lower among tc-experts.
long- and short-term tc training were positively associated with physical function.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01340365.
comparisons were made nationally and within regions and health plans , and changes since @number@ were assessed.
differing distributions of enrollees among health plans accounted for @number@ to @percent@ of observed disparities in @number@
( funded by the national institute on aging. ) .
verteporfin is a benzoporphyrin derivative used clinically in photodynamic therapy to treat macular degeneration.
verteporfin was recently found to inhibit autophagosome formation by an unknown mechanism that does not require exposure to light.
rose bengal , a singlet oxygen producer structurally unrelated to verteporfin , also produced crosslinked p62 oligomers and inhibited autophagosome formation.
co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that crosslinked p62 oligomers retain their ability to bind to lc3 but show defective binding to polyubiquitinated proteins.
mutations in the p62 pb1 domain that abolish self-oligomerization also abolished crosslinked oligomer formation.
in stage @number@ meta-analysis , the significant association at umod was replicated.
combined stage @number@ and @number@ meta-analyses showed significance for umod , galnt11 , and cdh23.
reduced physical performance predicted mortality in a dose-response manner and within all hiv disease strata.
conclusion : hiv infection was independently associated with reduced physical performance.
hiv and reduced physical performance have independent and joint effects on mortality.
physical performance measurement may be an important research and clinical tool to predict adverse outcomes among aging hiv-infected persons.
background : the czech republic ranks among the countries with the highest cancer burden in europe as well as worldwide.
the cncr analysis is supported by demographic data and by the death records database.
an overview of the epidemiology of malignant tumors in the czech population is available online at www.svod.cz.
the annual mortality rate exceeded @number@ deaths per @number@ individuals ; in other words , more than @number@ individuals die of cancer each year.
consequently , the prevalence has significantly increased in the observed period and exceeded @number@ cases in @number@
the most frequent diagnoses include colorectal cancer , lung cancer , breast cancer , and prostate cancer.
conclusion : population-based data on malignant tumors are available in the czech republic.
the data survey can help us define national cancer management priorities.
the success of experimental biology was possible due to the use of model organisms.
it is believed that the mechanisms of aging have a universal character and they are conserved in a wide range of organisms.
the explanation of these universal mechanisms by tracing survival curves of model organisms clearly suggests that death of individuals is a direct consequence of aging.
furthermore , the use of unicellular organisms like yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae to explain the aging processes of multicellular organisms runs the risk of oversimplification.
aim : to report the incidence , clinical features and outcomes of gastrointestinal ( gi ) involvement in behcet's disease ( bd ) .
methods : a total of @number@ consecutive patients with bd were screened and upper and lower gi endoscopies were performed in @number@ patients.
four hundred age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled for comparison.
results : fifty-two ( @percent@ ) patients had gi lesions.
gi symptoms were present in @number@ patients with active ulcer ( s ) , while @number@ patients with smaller ulcer were asymptomatic.
four patients had esophageal ulcers in the bd group but no case in controls.
the other endoscopic findings were similar between the two groups.
the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection was similar in both groups.
most patients received an immunomodulator and responded well.
conclusion : gi lesions commonly occur in chinese bd patients.
the most frequently involved area is the ileocecal region.
esophageal ulcer might be a rare but unique lesion.
neuronal growth and plasticity are no exception ; roles for lysine acetylation and deacetylation in brain function and dysfunction continue to be uncovered.
transcriptional programs coupling synaptic activity to changes in gene expression are critical to the plasticity mechanisms underlying higher brain functions.
consistently , mutation or deregulation of different kats or hdacs contributes to neurological dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
in this review , we discuss the evidence for the roles of hdacs in cognitive function as well as in neurological disorders and disease.
we have recently identified coh1 as a golgi-enriched scaffold protein that contributes to the structural maintenance and function of the golgi complex.
here , we show that association of coh1 with the golgi complex depends on the small gtpase rab6.
rnai-mediated knockdown of rab6a / a ' prevents the localization of coh1 to the golgi complex.
expression of the constitutively inactive rab6 t27n mutant led to an increased solubilization of coh1 from lipid membrane preparations.
co-ip experiments confirmed the physical interaction of coh1 with rab6 that preferentially occurred with the constitutively active rab6 q72l mutants.
at each wave ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) respondents estimated the duration ( minutes ) of wft in the previous @number@ days.
the data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects logistic and linear regression.
wft declined significantly over time as people aged and the declines were more precipitous for older persons.
conclusions : designing age-friendly neighbourhoods might slow or delay age-related declines in wft and should be a priority.
this randomized-controlled trial investigated the effect of physical exercise programme ( pep ) on happiness among older adults in nowshahr , iran.
findings showed that physical exercise programme is so beneficial for increasing older adults ' happiness.
physical activity is associated with well-being and happiness.
this was a randomized control trial study.
we randomly allocated them into experimental ( n = @number@ ) and control ( n = @number@ ) groups.
a validated instrument was used to measure well-being and happiness [ oxford happiness inventory ( ohi ) ] .
respondents were asked to complete the ohi before and @number@ months after implementing pep.
the 8-week pep was implemented with the intervention group.
the statistical analysis of the data was conducted using paired t-test , fisher's exact test and χ ( @number@ ) .
it can be concluded that pep had positive effects on happiness among older adults.
planning and implementing of physical activity is so important for older happiness.
to assess voting conditions in long-term care settings , we conducted a multicenter survey after the @number@ european elections in france.
a questionnaire about voting procedures and european elections was proposed in @number@ out of @number@ randomized facilities.
sixty-four percent of facilities answered the questionnaire.
four percent of residents voted ( national turnout : @percent@ ) , by proxy ( @percent@ ) or at polling places ( @percent@ ) .
abstention related to procedural issues was reported in @percent@ of facilities.
sixty-seven percent of establishments had voting procedures , and @percent@ declared that they assessed residents ' capacity to vote.
using structure-based optimization of the analogs , fk-a11 was identified as the most potent analog.
in this study , we have characterized the biochemical , biological and structural properties of fk228 analogs as pi3k inhibitors.
first , fk-a11 is an atp competitive pi3k inhibitor.
second , fk-a11 is a pan-p110 isoform inhibitor.
third , fk-a11 selectively inhibits pi3k among @number@ common cellular kinases.
finally , molecular modeling of pi3k-fk228 analogs and analyses of the binding affinities identified the structure that defines potency for pi3k inhibitory activity.
these results prove our concept that a series of fk228 analogs are hdac / pi3k dual inhibitors.
these findings should help in the development of fk228 analogs as novel hdac / pi3k dual inhibitors.
objectives : blood haemoglobin ( hb ) concentration declines in elderly men , whilst the level of the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin increases with age.
the association between erythropoiesis and adiponectin in elderly men is unclear.
these results remained essentially unchanged after exclusion of men with diabetes.
conclusions : serum adiponectin , but not leptin , was negatively and independently associated with hb.
this finding suggests a possible role of adiponectin in the age-related decline in hb level observed in apparently healthy elderly men.
methods : a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of consecutive adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis was conducted.
hrqol expectations were recorded by applying the eq-5d descriptive system for @number@ months ahead and for future ages of @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
participants expected @number@ ± @number@ mean improvement in eq-5d within @number@ months ( p < @number@ ) that achieves the minimum clinically important difference.
overall @percent@ expected improvement and @percent@ decline ; however , @percent@ expected no changes in any of the five dimensions of eq-5d within @number@ months.
female gender , inverse or palmoplantar involvement and more severe psoriasis were likely associated with higher expectations.
conclusion : our findings highlight the importance of exploring expectations that might help to increase patients ' compliance.
patients and methods : knee mri images of @number@ symptomatic patients with various pathologic knee conditions were analyzed retrospectively.
t2 values were measured at patellar cartilage , posteromedial and posterolateral femoral cartilage adjacent to the central horn of posterior meniscus.
@number@ measurements were done for @number@ knees mri.
t2 values in all three compartments were evaluated according to age and gender.
there is a statistically difference at t2 values with and without subarticular cysts , marginal osteophytes , synovial thickening and effusion.
conclusions : t2 cartilage mapping on mri provides opportunity to exhibit biochemical and structural changes related with cartilage extracellular matrix without using invasive diagnostic methods.
stroke is a dramatic event and is associated with potentially severe consequences , including disability , mortality , and social costs.
stroke may occur at any age ; however , most strokes occur in individuals aged @number@ years and older.
previous research has found that stroke increases suicide risk , especially among women and younger patients.
moreover , we review the literature in order to provide pharmacological treatment strategies for stroke patients at high risk of suicide.
suicide risk is particularly high in the first @number@ years following stroke.
depression , previous mood disorder , prior history of stroke , and cognitive impairment were found to be the most important risk factors for suicide.
early identification and treatment of post-stroke depression may significantly reduce suicide risk in stroke patients.
the use of antimicrobial agents has increased in recent years as treatments have diversified and resistant bacteria have appeared.
aki is a serious problem that is associated with mortality amongst hospitalized patients.
aki can generally be prevented by proper maintenance of fluid balance.
therefore , proper management of antimicrobial agents by an antimicrobial stewardship team may lead to decreased incidence of aki.
this article reviews antimicrobial-induced aki and discusses potential strategies for increasing awareness of aki and mitigating its clinical effects.
community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is one of the most common reasons for physician visits and hospitalizations in north america.
rates of cap increase with age and cap is associated with significant morbidity and mortality , especially in the elderly.
age ≥65-years-old and impaired functional status are the only patient characteristics that are independently associated with increased risk of recurrence.
however , those who are immune-suppressed ( e.g. , immunoglobulin deficiencies ) may be at increased risk of recurrent pneumonia.
in summary , among those who survive an episode of pneumonia , recurrence is not uncommon , particularly in the elderly.
background : older adults with dementia are vulnerable to the central deteriorating effects of drugs with anticholinergic properties ( daps ) .
these effects include falls and confusion and may exacerbate dementia-related symptoms.
many individuals with dementia also receive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( acheis ) , indicated for mild to moderate alzheimer's disease.
acheis have opposing effects to daps and , consequently , concomitant use of daps and acheis may further impair cognition among patients with dementia.
methods : we conducted a retrospective analysis of medicare data from @number@ to @number@ linked to the minimum data set.
results : during the study period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) nh residents with dementia used at least one dap each month.
thirteen percent of nh residents with dementia concomitantly used acbs levels @number@ or @number@ daps and acheis.
conclusions : this study sheds new light on the prevalence of dap use and concomitant use of daps and acheis among nh residents with dementia.
clinicians should consider alternatives with lower anticholinergic effects , particularly in patients already taking daps.
aging-induced elevation in c1q secretion activates the wnt signaling pathway in muscles , leading to the development of muscle fibrosis.
however , the association between serum c1q level and muscle mass and strength remains unclear in humans.
the aim of the study was to elucidate whether serum c1q level is associated with aging- and resistance training-induced changes in muscle mass and strength.
in the cross-sectional study , serum c1q level increased with aging and was negatively correlated with muscle mass and strength.
furthermore , @number@ wk resistance training in older adults reduced the age-associated elevation in serum c1q levels.
serum c1q level may reflect loss of muscle mass ; therefore , c1q may be a novel biomarker of sarcopenia.
purpose : inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin ( mtor ) by pharmacological or genetic approaches can extend lifespan in mammals.
the kinase activity of mtor is controlled by upstream regulatory proteins and its subcellular localization.
the purpose of this study was to characterize age-related alterations and functional consequences of mtor signaling in the postmitotic rpe cells.
subcellular distribution of mtor was investigated by immunofluorescent staining of rpe culture or flatmount.
the effects of mtor pathway on degradation of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments ( pos ) were determined by measuring the turnover rate of rhodopsin.
results : aged rpe cells had more lysosome-associated mtor and had increased response to amino acid stimulation.
the lysosome distribution was essential for mtorc1 function , as disruption of the ragulator complex abolished mtorc1 activation by amino acids.
increased mtorc1 activity caused decreased rate of degradation of internalized pos in the rpe.
conclusions : aging changes the subcellular localization and function of mtor in the rpe.
increased mtorc1 inhibits pos degradation and may further exacerbate lysosome dysfunction of aged rpe.
background : aspiration pneumonia is an urgent health concern with high mortality and long hospitalization in industrialized and aging countries.
however , there is no information about the effectiveness of azithromycin ( azm ) for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia.
this study investigated if azm is effective for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia.
patients were divided into the ampicillin / sulbactam ( abpc / sbt ) and azm ( intravenous injection ) groups.
the success rates of 1 ( st ) -line antibiotic therapy , mortality , length of hospital stay , and total antibiotic costs were compared.
results : there were @number@ and @number@ patients in the abpc / sbt and azm groups , respectively.
the febrile period of the abpc / sbt group was significantly shorter than that of the azm group ( p = @number@ ) .
therefore , azm may be another first choice of antibiotic treatment for patients with aspiration pneumonia when they have no risk of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
tau hyperphosphorylation has been attributed in part to the deregulation of kinases and phosphatases activities.
however , although the phosphorylation of tau by erk1 / 2 has been demonstrated in cell-free system , it remains controversial in vivo.
we also found that activating erk1 / 2 by hyperthermia did not correlate with increased tau phosphorylation.
finally , erk1 / 2 was inhibited , but tau phosphorylation was not altered in mek1- / - mice.
in conclusion , these results do not support the involvement of erk1 / 2 in tau phosphorylation under physiological conditions.
the accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) plaques is a central feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
first reported in animal models , it remains uncertain if peripheral inflammatory and / or infectious conditions in humans can promote aβ brain accumulation.
periodontal disease , a common chronic infection , has been previously reported to be associated with ad.
we show for the first time in humans an association between periodontal disease and brain aβ load.
these data are consistent with the previous animal studies showing that peripheral inflammation / infections are sufficient to produce brain aβ accumulations.
the prevalence of ckd increases with old age.
the increase of risk factors for the development of ckd such as hypertension , diabetes and adipositas is essentially responsible for this.
for the treating physician it is therefore important to diagnose ckd early to slow its progression.
physiological aging of the kidney is responsible for the development of functional impairments in the elderly.
electrolyte disorders and hemodynamically caused perfusion deficits are more frequent in old age and are often caused by medication.
this study examined the association between size of the caudate nuclei and intelligence.
no other subcortical structures were independently associated with iq , suggesting a specific biological link between caudate morphology and intelligence.
do many hands make lighter work for siblings caring for aging parents ?
anchored in theoretical concepts of filial responsibility and equity , this article is an in-depth examination of tensions between caregiving siblings in two families.
antiangiogenic tumor therapy has failed in the adjuvant setting.
here we show that inhibition of the tie2 ligand angiopoietin-2 ( ang2 ) effectively blocks metastatic growth in preclinical mouse models of postsurgical adjuvant therapy.
ang2 antibody treatment combines well with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy ( ldmc ) in settings in which maximum-dose chemotherapy does not prove effective.
mechanistically , ang2 blockade could be linked to quenching the inflammatory and angiogenic response of endothelial cells ( ecs ) in the metastatic niche.
reduced ec adhesion molecule and chemokine expression inhibits the recruitment of tumor-promoting ccr2 ( + ) tie2 ( - ) metastasis-associated macrophages.
moreover , ldmc contributes to therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the recruitment of protumorigenic bone marrow-derived myeloid cells.
collectively , these data provide a rationale for mechanism-guided adjuvant tumor therapies.
a natural aging model was constructed and used in these experiments.
one-month pioglitazone administration also restored ppar-γ expression and increased the levels of ucp2 in aging rat cerebral arteries.
using in vitro studies , we demonstrated that pioglitazone attenuated reactive oxygen species levels in aging human umbilical vein endothelial cells through ppar-γ activation.
furthermore , we found that this occurs in an ucp2-dependent manner.
our study demonstrated that the activation of ppar-γ by pioglitazone protected against oxidative stress damage in aging cerebral arteries by upregulating ucp2.
ppar-γ may be a new target in treating age-related cerebrovascular dysfunction.
the present studies , using the same model , aimed to demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts influence skin pigmentation up to the macroscopic level.
the proof of principle was performed with pigmented skins differing only in the fibroblast component.
we then assessed the impact of the origin of the fibroblast strain on the degree of pigmentation using fetal versus adult fibroblasts.
these data confirmed the responsiveness of the model and demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts do indeed impact the degree of skin pigmentation.
we then hypothesized that a physiological state associated with pigmentary alterations such as photo-aging could be linked to dermal fibroblasts modifications that accumulate over time.
here , we investigated changes in glucose and lipid homeostasis with age in pgkbp3 and pgkmutbp3 mice compared with wild-type mice.
murine igfbp-3 was similar in all mouse genotypes and decreased with age in parallel with total igf-1.
visceral fat and bat masses increased in pgkmutbp3 mice , but not in pgkbp3 mice.
glucose tolerance was impaired in both pgkbp3 and pgkmutbp3 mice.
estimated free igf-1 did not increase with age in transgenic mice , as it did in wild-type mice.
the purpose of this study was to assess the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of fus-bbb opening for enhanced temozolomide ( tmz ) delivery in glioma treatment.
fus exposure with microbubbles was delivered to open the bbb of nude mice that were either normal or implanted with u87 human glioma cells.
different tmz dose regimens were tested , ranging from @number@ to @number@ mg / kg.
tumor progression was followed with t2-mri , and animal survival and brain tissue histology were conducted.
results demonstrated that fus-bbb opening caused the local tmz accumulation in the brain to increase from @number@ to @number@ ng / mg.
tmz degradation time in the tumor core was found to increase from @number@ to @number@ hours.
improved tumor progression and animal survival were found at different tmz doses ( up to @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ) .
we use longitudinal cross-national data collected by share i and share iv and focus on the respondents who were working at baseline.
we find that low reward , high effort , effort to reward ratio , and effort to control ratio were all predictors of increasing frailty.
we aimed to examine the relationship between bpt achievement and important patient outcomes and whether the bpt could predict these independently of other validated predictors.
materials and methods : a retrospective review was conducted on @number@ patient episodes.
these were compared for mortality ( χ ( @number@ ) test ) and for los ( kruskal-wallis test ) .
results : the three groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics or outcomes.
the risks of both increased los-t and los-h were related to age only ( p = 0.052 , p < 0.001 , respectively ) .
conclusion : achieving bpt does not predict any outcome of interest on its own.
adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) are an important health issue.
fourteen hospital-based observational studies exploring adrs in the elderly in the acute care setting were eligible for inclusion in this review.
there was wide variation in the overall adr prevalence , from @percent@ to @percent@.
female sex , increased comorbid complexity , and increased number of medications were all significantly associated with an increased risk of an adr.
retrospective studies and those relying on identification by the usual treating team reported lower prevalence rates.
from this review , we can conclude that adrs constitute a significant health issue for the elderly in the acute care setting.
older female patients and those with multiple comorbidities and medications appear to be at the highest risk of an adr in the acute care setting.
bisphenol a ( bpa ) is a chemical used in plastic bottles and inner coating of beverage cans , and its exposure is almost ubiquitous.
bpa has been associated with hypertension and decreased heart rate variability in the previous studies.
we conducted a randomized crossover trial with noninstitutionalized adults , who were aged ≥60 years and recruited from a local community center.
the sequence of the beverage was randomized.
we then measured urinary bpa concentration , blood pressure , and heart rate variability @number@ hours after the consumption of each beverage.
the paired t test and mixed model were used to compare the differences.
the urinary bpa concentration increased after consuming canned beverages by > 1600% compared with that after consuming glass bottled beverages.
the initiation of intensive chemotherapy is necessary to control further progression of the disease.
therapeutic success is less common in older patients ( > @number@ years ) than it is in younger patients with aml.
significant regional differences in gray and white matter volume and subtle cognitive differences between young diabetic and nondiabetic children have been observed.
here , we assessed whether these differences change over time and the relation with dysglycemia.
there were no differences in cognitive and executive function scores between groups at @number@ months.
however , children with diabetes had slower total gray and white matter growth than control subjects.
these changes were associated with higher cumulative hyperglycemia and glucose variability but not with hypoglycemia.
urolithiasis is a common condition , with a prevalence of ∼10% and a male / female ratio above @number@ according to large national series.
various types of urinary stones have been described upon their mineral content and / or their morphology.
hence , a combined morpho-constitutional ( m-c ) classification has been proposed.
between @number@ and @number@ @number@ stones were characterized.
we excluded @number@ non-biological stones and @number@ stones , which originated from outside the study zone.
among @number@ stones , @number@ ( @percent@ ) affected men.
prevalence peak of urolithiasis was observed between 50-60 years of age in both genders.
the m-c analysis was available for @number@ stones ( @percent@ ) : multiple morphological types were concomitantly identified in @percent@.
in the whole population , the main mineral constituent was whewellite ( @percent@ ) , mainly organized as type ia ( @percent@ ) .
weddellite was found in @percent@ , with an equal distribution between types iia and iib.
uric acid was the 3rd most frequent constituent in man , with a similar distribution between iiia and iiib.
phosphate was uncommon in man ( @percent@ ) , but frequent in woman ( @percent@ ) with a type iva1 organization.
prevalence of m-c types changes with aging , i.e. decrease of weddellite and increase of whewellite and uric acid in both genders.
this retrospective analysis of a single-center database of urinary stones helps characterize the m-c epidemiology of urolithiasis in belgium.
objective : due to rapid population aging and a tidal wave of dementia , dementia has become an urgent public health issue in china.
few large-scale surveys on dementia have been conducted in china and little was known about the magnitude of dysfunction and disability caused by dementia.
methods : we used the second china national sample survey on disability , comprising @number@ persons from @number@ households.
identification for dementia was based on consensus manuals.
standard weighting procedures were used to construct sample weights considering the multistage stratified cluster sampling survey scheme.
population weighted numbers , weighted prevalence , and the odd ratios ( ors ) were calculated.
external factors such as healthcare were least commonly endorsed across all domains.
conclusion : older u.s. veterans emphasize health behaviors , social engagement , and dispositional characteristics as key determinants of successful aging.
prevention and treatment initiatives that target these potentially modifiable factors may help promote successful aging in this growing segment of the population.
aging is one of the prime risk factors for the development of cancer.
furthermore , it is known that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development of cancer.
stratification of patients according to survival status revealed age-related tumor expression patterns of both h3k9ac and h3k27me3.
these opposite expression patterns translated into an age-dependent prognostic value in crc for the individual histone modifications and their combination.
in conclusion , for the first time , we demonstrated prognostic impact of epigenetic biomarkers that reverses with advancing age.
evolutionary theories of aging posit that greater reproductive effort causes somatic decline given a fundamental trade-off between investing energy in reproduction and repair.
anthropometric and demographic data were collected during routine medical exams.
population-level differences are apparent prior to the onset of reproduction , and age-related decline in bmd is greater among tsimane compared with american women.
greater cumulative reproductive burden may lower calcaneal bmd individually and jointly with other lifestyle and heritable factors.
proteomics and metabolomics investigations of body fluids present several challenges for biomarker discovery of several diseases.
in this regard , tears could be considered an optimum material obtained by noninvasive procedures.
we summarize the main methods for tear samples analyses and report recent advances in \ "omics \ " platforms for tears investigations.
scientific literature has been quickly expanding as the availability of articles in electronic form has increased rapidly.
this article presents the first stages of the digital knowledge finder design , a case-based reasoning system to manage experience from the scientific literature.
this article focuses on research findings mining and results from an aging literature dataset.
accordingly , it is believed that igf-1 plays a central role in ivd homeostasis.
previous studies reported that , with aging , cellular expression of igfbp increases , while that of igf-1r decreases.
it was shown that a decrease of igf-1r expression caused reduction of both pg levels and cell density in the tissue.
cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment , other than uncorrected refractive errors , and the number one cause of preventable blindness worldwide.
common adverse events of statins include statin-related muscle toxicity , elevation of transaminases , diabetes , and possible association with cancer.
publications on the relationship of cataract to statins have reported inconsistent findings.
a meta-analysis indicated a @number@ % decrease in cataract among statin users.
the pleiotropic effects of statins including effects on inflammation and oxidation may mediate a decrease in the rate of cataract formation.
on the other hand , bidirectional effects of statins on oxidation and inhibition of appropriate lens epithelial cell development may promote cataractogenesis.
younger age and longer duration of statin therapy was associated with greater benefit while a benefit was not observed among older persons.
this paper presents , to the best of our knowledge , the first attempt towards automatic tongue muscle segmentation from mr images.
results : we chose the hyaluronic acid for the methodization of education.
even being a safe procedure , the dermal filling needs to be done by trained professionals because some complications may occur.
the idealization of classes , both theoretical and practical , proposed in this work proved to be of great value in teaching physicians.
the hippo pathway was initially identified in drosophila by genetic mosaic screens for tumor suppressor genes.
researches indicated that the hippo pathway is a key regulator of organ size and is conserved during evolution.
furthermore , studies of mouse models and clinical samples demonstrated the importance of hippo pathway dysregulation in human cancer development.
in addition , the hippo pathway contributes to progenitor cell and stem cell self-renewal and is thus involved in tissue regeneration.
in the hippo pathway , mst1 / 2 kinases together with the adaptor protein sav phosphorylate lats1 / 2 kinases.
interaction with an adaptor protein mob is also important for lats1 / 2 activation.
activated lats1 / 2 in turn phosphorylate and inhibit yes-associated protein ( yap ) .
alteration of gene expression by yap leads to cell proliferation , apoptosis evasion , and also stem cell amplification.
we performed transthoracic rt3de and measured the maximum and minimum lav.
simultaneously , we measured the lav using the 2d biplane simpson's method.
inter-observer and intra-observer variability and the agreement of lav measurements between rt3de and 2de were assessed in a subset of subjects.
the rt3de feasibility for lav measurement was @percent@.
both maximum and minimum lavs exponentially increased with age and linearly increased with increasing of body surface area ( bsa ) .
the la distensibility , which demonstrates la reservoir function , decreased with age and bsa.
the lavs measured by rt3de were significantly smaller than those measured by the 2d biplane simpson's method.
the 3d volumetric method had favorable intra-observer and inter-observer agreement.
rt3de is a reproducible method and a feasible tool for evaluating the lav in children.
la reservoir function is likely to decrease with age and increasing of body size.
all quiescent sk-ut-1 cells died within @number@ days after treatment with a single dose of c21.
c21 was devoid of cytotoxic effects in proliferating sk-ut-1 cells and in quiescent hutsmc.
our results point to a new , unique approach enabling the elimination non-cycling uterine leiomyosarcoma cells providing that they over-express the at₂ receptor.
hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hands ) are common , often go undetected , and can impact treatment outcomes.
there is limited evidence on how to perform routine cognitive screening in hiv clinical settings.
in all , @percent@ scored below the moca cutoff and @percent@ scored below the ihds cutoff.
combination antiviral therapy use and age were not significant predictors in this model.
introduction : erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with advanced age or cardiovascular disease risk factors ( cvdrfs ) .
these conditions interfere on expression of vascular growth factors and respective receptors causing disturbance in endothelial function.
dual-immunolabeling of tie1 with specific markers of endothelium and smooth muscle and ang1 and ang2 was performed.
main outcome measures : to characterize the expression of tie1 in human cc and elucidate its potential inhibitory effect in ang-tie2 system.
results : analysis of mrnas demonstrated a decrease in tie1 expression in cvdrf individuals compared with aged or young healthy individuals.
no variation for tie2 , ang1 , or ang2 expression was observed among the studied groups.
in all analyzed cc fragments , a @number@ kda band , tie1 , was detected.
this protein presented a significant age-related decrease , specially in individuals with cvdrf.
immunofluorescence study revealed tie1 expression in the endothelium of samples of all experimental groups.
objective : because the cancer population is aging , interprofessional education incorporating geriatric principles is essential to providing adequate training for oncology fellows.
we report the targeted needs assessment , content , and evaluation tools for our geriatric oncology curriculum at md anderson cancer center.
first , a general needs assessment was conducted by reviewing the literature and medical societies ' publications and by consulting experts.
results : geriatric assessment , pharmacology , and psychosocial knowledge skills were the three identified areas of educational need.
curriculum objectives and an evaluation checklist were developed to evaluate learners in the three identified areas.
the checklist content was validated by consulting experts in the field.
the curriculum is currently being piloted and evaluated.
its effects thus reach beyond the housekeeping pathways of protein folding into regulation of a wide range of cellular processes.
due to its influence in cell growth pathways cdc37 has attracted much attention as a potential intermediate in carcinogenesis.
cdc37 may also be involved in other aspects of pathophysiology.
protein aggregation disorders have been linked to molecular chaperones and to age related declines in molecular chaperones and co-chaperones.
objective : to determine if adding frailty measures to the euroscore ii improves model performance in predicting postoperative delirium.
the primary outcome was postoperative delirium , assessed using the confusion assessment method ( cam ) .
results : seventy-two ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ participants met the mfc definition for frailty and @number@ ( @percent@ ) met the sppb definition.
eighty-eight ( @percent@ ) participants had an fi score ≥ @number@ and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had a score ≥ @number@
fi scores ≥ @number@ were also associated with higher risk of delirium ( adjusted or , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.39-9.92 ) .
the inclusion of any of these definitions of frailty improved the discrimination of the euroscore ii in predicting postoperative delirium.
conclusions : frailty results in a 3- to 8-fold increase in risk of postoperative delirium , independent of the euroscore ii.
the addition of frailty improves the ability of the euroscore ii to predict postoperative delirium , pointing to opportunities for improved prevention and management.
it is well established that wound healing slows with age.
however , the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood.
most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models , but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions.
a number of genetic polymorphisms are related to individual differences in cognitive performance.
striatal dopamine ( da ) functions , associated with cognitive performance , are linked to the taqia polymorphism of the drd2 / ankk1 gene.
in humans , presence of an a1 allele of the drd2 / ankk1-taqia polymorphism is related to reduced density of striatal da d2 receptors.
the resource-modulation hypothesis assumes that aging-related losses of neurochemical and structural brain resources modulate the extent to which genetic variations affect cognitive functioning.
we demonstrate that older a1-carriers have worse memory performance , specifically during ltm updating , compared to noncarriers.
moreover , a1-carriers exhibited less blood oxygen level-dependent ( bold ) activation in left caudate nucleus , a region critical to updating.
this effect was only seen in older adults , suggesting magnification of genetic effects on functional brain activity in aging.
further , a positive relationship between caudate bold activation and updating performance among non-a1 carriers indicated that caudate activation was behaviorally relevant.
nfκb activation requires lys63-linked ( k63-linked ) ubiquitination of upstream proteins such as nemo or tak1 , forming molecular complexes with membrane-bound receptors.
we demonstrate that ikkβ itself undergoes k63-linked ubiquitination.
mutations in ikkβ at lys171 , identified in multiple myeloma and other cancers , lead to a dramatic increase in kinase activation and k63-linked ubiquitination.
these mutations also result in persistent activation of stat3 signaling.
specific inhibition of the ubc13-uev1a complex responsible for k63-linked ubiquitination establishes lys147 as the predominant site of k63-ubiquitin conjugation and responsible for stat3 activation.
thus , ikkβ activation leads to ubiquitination within the kinase domain and assemblage of a k63-ubiquitin conjugated signaling platform.
these results are discussed with respect to the importance of upregulated nfκb signaling known to occur frequently in mm and other cancers.
background : national differences in cognitive health of older adults provide an opportunity to shed light on etiological factors.
we compared the cognitive health of older adults in new zealand and the usa , and examined differences in known risk factors.
results : the new zealand sample scored @number@ points higher on average than the us sample on the @number@ point cognitive scale.
controlling for age and sex reduced the mean difference to @number@ and controlling for risk factors further reduced it to @number@
conclusions : older new zealand adults displayed better cognitive function than those in a us sample.
this advantage can be partially explained by age and sex differences and , to some extent , by differences in known risk factors.
however , the national advantage remained even when all measured risk factors are statistically controlled.
lipofuscin includes cell debris with catabolites of lipoperoxic cascade and lipid antioxidants.
slowing down of wrel in relation to the calendar age increment was found if the sum doses were lower than @number@ csv.
the study sample was comprised of subjects from the hrs ( n = @number@ ) and the klosa ( n = @number@ ) .
separate multivariate regression models were employed to examine the impact of socio-demographic , health , and health behaviors on cognitive functioning among older adults.
in addition , gender-specific models suggested several socio-economic and health factors had significantly different effects by gender in both countries.
cross-national comparative research identified similar risk factors , suggesting robust associations.
unique factors related to cognitive functioning in u.s. and korean older adults highlight the important role of societal influences on cognitive outcomes.
the influence of sexual attitudes on sexual activity and expression has been relatively understudied in older populations.
in the current study , we sought to understand the role sexual attitudes have on sexual well-being among middle-aged and young-old adults.
the model was then compared by gender.
therefore , among middle-aged and young-old adults , sexual well-being may be reduced by harboring negative ageist sexual attitudes.
efforts should be made to reduce stigma surrounding continued sexual activity and expression among the aged.
according to terror management theory , people are motivated to protect themselves from the potential for anxiety resulting from awareness of mortality.
in two studies , older and younger adults ' generative concern was examined following mortality or control primes.
background : low physical activity is a major risk factor for several age-related diseases.
furthermore , we studied the dose-response effect of increase in physical activity on metabolic outcome within the intervention group.
we found that men compared to women were more likely to be successful.
in this population , men are more likely to be successful in increasing physical activity.
trial registration : dutch trial registry : ntr @number@ @url@ ( archived by webcite at @url@
the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts ( rage ) , is a multi-ligand receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
it is weakly expressed in most adult tissues.
all of these reactions lead to a series of functional changes that participate in neurological and vascular complications of diabetes , metabolic syndrome.
they are also involved in alzheimer's disease , arthritis , and some cancers.
besides the presence of these ligands , the chronic stimulation of the rage , or its isoforms trigger different signaling pathways and reactions.
this makes complex the analysis of biological networks associated with multiple clinical traits.
many issues remain to be clarified in the pathogenicity of rage.
in the era of the development of systems biology , integrative approach is expected allowing a better understanding of the overall effects of rage system.
while aging is inevitable , the effect of aging on different areas of spine is of clinical significance.
this paper reports the growth and degenerative pattern of human spine using principal component analysis.
these features were extracted from lumbar spine magnetic resonance images of @number@ subjects with age ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
principal component analysis is used to transform complex and multivariate feature space to a smaller meaningful representation.
pca transformation provided 2-d visualization and knowledge of variations among spinal features.
further useful information about correlation among the spinal features is acquired through factor analysis.
the knowledge of age related changes in spinal features are important in understanding different spine related problems.
introduction : predictors of functional independence in older adults are in need.
method : participants included @number@ community-dwelling older adults ( 65-85 years ; mean age = @number@ years ; @percent@ female ) .
the direct assessment of functional status-revised ( dafs-r ) provided a performance-based assessment of iadls.
hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine whether discounting preferences and response consistency accounted for variance in functional ability over and above relevant demographic characteristics.
results : demographic characteristics accounted for significance variance in iadls ( p = @number@ r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
delay discounting auc did not add significantly to the model ( p = @number@ ) .
a recent paper by deelen et al.
( @number@ ) in human molecular genetics reports the largest genome-wide association study of human longevity to date.
here , i discuss several possible explanations , such as intrinsic limitations in longevity association studies and the complex genetic architecture of longevity.
in particular , most studies in model organisms are conducted in strains of limited genetic diversity which are then not applicable to human populations.
barnes ' award citation , biography , and a selected bibliography are presented here.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a common and devastating disease that can result in severe visual dysfunction.
finally , we present a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of early amd and consider the implications of this model on the development of new therapies.
the nutritional benefits of fish and seafood are also due to the content of high-quality protein , vitamins , as well as other essential nutrients.
although it is generally accepted that ageing is associated with recollection impairments , there is considerable disagreement surrounding how healthy ageing influences familiarity-based recognition.
one factor that might contribute to the mixed findings regarding age differences in familiarity is the estimation method used to quantify the two mnemonic processes.
estimates of recollection , but not familiarity , showed a significant negative correlation with chronological age.
inconsistent with previous findings , the estimation method did not moderate the relationship between age and estimates of recollection and familiarity.
background : hypogonadism , defined as a low serum testosterone in the presence of signs and symptoms , is common , particularly in aging men.
testosterone supplementation therapy ( tst ) is the standard treatment for male hypogonadism.
the beneficial and potential adverse effects are reviewed with a discussion on the current cardiovascular controversy.
results : authorities in the field have offered guidelines and recommendations regarding the diagnosis , evaluation , and management of hypogonadism.
various testosterone formulations exist , differing in route and frequency of administration as well as in side-effect profiles.
individuals treated with tst require monitoring for adverse effects.
further studies are needed to determine the impact of tst on cardiovascular health.
conclusion : hypogonadism is common , particularly in aging men.
symptomatic individuals who have no contraindications to tst should be offered treatment.
background : this was the second study in a phase @number@ program treating crow's feet lines ( cfl ) with onabotulinumtoxina.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxina treatment of cfl alone or with glabellar lines ( gl ) .
additional efficacy end points and safety / adverse events ( aes ) were evaluated.
responder rates on other end points also significantly favored onabotulinumtoxina treatments.
most aes were mild or moderate.
two subjects discontinued : @number@ serious ae unrelated to treatment ( myocardial infarction ) and @number@ treatment-related ae ( injection site pain ) .
conclusion : onabotulinumtoxina was effective and well tolerated for treating moderate-to-severe cfl alone or in combination with gl.
background : different techniques have been used for filler injection of the tear trough and palpebromalar groove.
most patients report good results ; however , some patients here experienced variable degrees of side effects.
the bolus technique was performed in the right side , and serial puncture technique was done on the left side.
conclusion : assessment of bony orbit depth could offer new tool for selecting infraorbital groove injection technique.
existing examples suggest that lncrnas have fulfilled a wide variety of regulatory roles at almost every stage of gene expression.
these roles , which encompass signal , decoy , scaffold and guide capacities , derive from folded modular domains in lncrnas.
early discoveries support a paradigm in which lncrnas regulate transcription networks via chromatin modulation , but new functions are steadily emerging.
given the biochemical versatility of rna , lncrnas may be used for various tasks , including posttranscriptional processing.
moreover , multiple lines of evidence increasingly link mutations and dysregulations of lncrnas to diverse human diseases , especially disorders related to aging.
finally , we consider the potential medical implications , and future potential in the application of lncrnas as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.
stem cell function is essential for organismal homeostasis , providing a renewable source of cells to repair damaged tissues.
in adult organisms , age-dependent loss-of-function of tissue-specific stem cells is causally related with a decline in regenerative potential.
thus , p16 ( ink4a ) / rb-driven stem cell senescence is causally implicated in the intrinsic defective regeneration of sarcopenic muscle.
manipulation of hsp70 expression results in disposal of misfolded protein aggregates that accumulate in aging and disease models.
recently , hsp70 has been shown to bind specifically to an amino-terminal sequence of a human diffusible survival evasion peptide ( dsep ) , dermcidin.
this sequence includes chec-9 , an orally available anti-inflammatory and cell survival peptide.
chec-9 treatment of an in vitro model of α-synuclein aggregation also results in hsp70-dependent dissolution of these aggregates.
the results provide evidence that working memory does not support the processes that revise the structure and interpretation of sentences and discourse.
we present a new unified kernel regression framework on manifolds.
various properties and performance of the proposed kernel regression framework are demonstrated.
the method is subsequently applied in investigating the influence of age and gender on the human amygdala and hippocampus shapes.
we detected a significant age effect on the posterior regions of hippocampi while there is no gender effect present.
accurate segmentation of the hippocampus from infant mr brain images is a critical step for investigating early brain development.
experimental results on 2-week-old to 9-month-old infant brain images show the effectiveness of the proposed method , especially compared to the state-of-the-art counterpart methods.
preterm birth is a significant public health concern.
for infants born very preterm ( ≤ @number@ weeks completed gestation ) , there is a high instance of developmental disability.
due to the heterogeneity of patient outcomes , it is important to investigate early markers of future ability to provide effective and targeted intervention.
by non-invasively examining the state of the thalamus we can monitor development in the preterm period.
by measuring the changes in diffusion parameters over this period on a per-voxel basis , we hope to provide unique insight into neurodevelopment.
we propose an automated framework for predicting age and neurodevelopmental maturation of a fetus based on 3d ultrasound ( us ) brain image appearance.
a topology-preserving manifold representation of the fetal skull enabled design of bespoke scale-invariant image features.
our regression forest model used these features to learn a mapping from age-related sonographic image patterns to fetal age and development.
our framework remained robust when applied to a routine clinical population.
there has recently been an increased demand in bone age estimation ( bae ) of living individuals and human remains in legal medicine applications.
we propose a completely automated method for bae based on volumetric hand mri images.
we consider geodesic regression with parametric time-warps.
this allows for example , to capture saturation effects as typically observed during brain development or degeneration.
our focus in this paper is therefore to keep the model and its inference as simple as possible while allowing to capture expected biological variation.
we demonstrate that by augmenting geodesic regression with parametric time-warp functions , we can achieve comparable flexibility to more complex models while retaining model simplicity.
in addition , the time-warp parameters provide useful information of underlying anatomical changes as demonstrated for the analysis of corpora callosa and rat calvariae.
we exemplify our strategy for shape regression on the grassmann manifold , but note that the method is generally applicable for time-warped geodesic regression.
introduction : many individuals with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) live alone , and this figure is expected to increase.
this study aimed to describe the cognitive and functional abilities of solitary-living ad patients , and the potential predictors of their usage of community-based services.
logistic regression models were used to predict the usage of community-based services.
results : at the start of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy ( time of ad diagnosis ) , @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) were living alone.
in addition , female sex was a risk factor for both the utilization of home-help services and nursing home placement.
cognitive ability was not significantly associated with the usage of community-based services.
conclusion : a large number of ad patients , predominantly females , live alone with severe cognitive and functional impairment.
the amount of home-help services used did not reflect cognitive severity , suggesting that home help did not meet the needs related to cognitive deterioration.
increased knowledge of how community-based services can better accommodate the care needs of solitary-living individuals with ad is essential.
more recently , the involvement of autophagy in various physiological functions has been investigated in multicellular organisms.
modification of autophagy flux is involved in developmental processes , resistance to stress conditions , aging , cell death and multiple pathologies.
so , the use of animal models is essential to understand these processes in the context of different cell types and during the whole life.
for ten years , the nematode caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful model to analyze autophagy in physiological or pathological contexts.
histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in chromatin remodelling and transcriptional regulation.
there is increasing evidence that epigenetic modifications may become compromised in aging and increase susceptibility to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease.
changes in acetyl histone levels were proportional to changes in total histone levels.
the increase in acetyl histone h3 and h4 was observed in neuronal n immunopositive pyramidal neurons in alzheimer's disease brain.
consequently , significant positive correlations were also found between ubiquitin load and histone modifications.
in this model , compromised protein degradation caused by mg132 lead to elevated histone labelling.
in addition , valproic acid worked synergistically with mg132 in elevating ubiquitin load and causing cell death.
these findings highlight important pathological relationships linking a compromise in protein turnover with the histone changes observed in alzheimer's disease post-mortem human brain.
background : many researchers have been concerned about the association of hair graying with systemic diseases.
however , the common factors associated with hair graying and systemic diseases have not been elucidated.
objective : this study aimed to identify risk factors for premature hair graying ( phg ) in young men.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaires in young men.
results : the age of participants in the main survey was @number@ ± @number@ years ( mean ± sd ) .
of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) presented with phg.
limitations : owing to the use of questionnaires , the possibility of recall bias exists.
women were not evaluated in this study.
conclusion : smoking , family history of phg , and obesity are important factors associated with phg.
the fibroblasts and adscs were isolated from human tissue and cultured.
the fourth group was the irradiated negative control group ( no therapy ) .
replica analysis showed significant wrinkle reduction in the fibroblast group and the adsc group.
adscs stimulated collagen expression and decreased mmp expression.
although fibroblasts stimulated more collagen expression than adscs , they also increased mmp expression.
overall , the adsc group showed higher collagen density and had better outcomes in the tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 assessments.
both cultured fibroblasts and adscs could play an important role in wrinkle reduction despite differences in their mechanisms of action.
rad26p is a swi / snf-like atpase in yeast , and is conserved among eukaryotes.
therefore , many research groups focused their studies to understand the mechanisms of rad26p / csb functions to illuminate the molecular bases of cs.
here we report a novel role of mir-155 in cancer metabolism through the up-regulation of thiamine in breast cancer cells.
we confirmed it in mcf7 , mda-mb-436 and two human primary breast cancer cells by showing reduced thiamine levels upon a knock-down of mir-155.
to understand how the mir-155 controls thiamine level , a set of key molecules for thiamine homeostasis were further analyzed after the knockdown of mir-155.
finally , we confirm the finding by showing a positive correlation between mir-155 and thiamine level in @number@ triple negative breast tumors.
taken altogether , our study demonstrates a role of mir-155 in thiamine homeostasis and suggests a function of this oncogenic mirna on breast cancer metabolism.
another common characteristic of these agents is their capacity to reduce aging-associated diseases and to confer protective responses against ischemia-induced organ damage.
hence , we classify them as \ "caloric restriction mimetics \ " ( crm ) .
autophagic dysregulation has been suggested in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
acute oxidative stress led to a marked increase in autophagy in the rpe , whereas autophagy was reduced under chronic oxidative stress.
examination of control human donor specimens and mice demonstrated an age-related increase in autophagosome numbers and expression of autophagy proteins.
impaired autophagy function and enhanced arg2 ( arginase @number@ ) -mtor ( mechanistic target of rapamycin ) crosstalk are implicated in vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
we are interested in the role of arg2 and the potential underlying mechanism ( s ) in modulation of endothelial autophagy.
expression of an inactive arg2 mutant ( h160f ) had the same effect.
moreover , silencing rps6kb1 or expression of a constitutively active prkaa prevented autophagy suppression by arg2 or h160f.
the hypoxia inducible transcription factor hif1 activates autophagy , a general catabolic pathway involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
adherent invasive e. coli ( aiec ) colonize ileal mucosa of cd patients and strongly promote gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders by activation of hif-dependent responses.
here , we aim to characterize the contribution of hif1 in xenophagy , a specialized form of autophagy involved in the degradation of intracellular bacteria.
our results showed that endogenous hif1a knockdown increased aiec survival in intestinal epithelial cells.
we demonstrate that the increase in survival rate correlates with a dramatic impairment of the autophagic flux at the autolysosomal maturation step.
furthermore , we show that aiec remained within single-membrane lc3-ii-positive vesicles and that they were unable to induce the phosphorylation of ulk1.
these results suggested that , in the absence of hif1a , aiec were found within lc3-associated phagosomes.
finally , we provide evidence that hif1 mediates ceacam6 expression and that ceacam6 is necessary to recruit ulk1 in a bacteria-containing signaling hub.
clinical practice guidelines provide guidance in decision making relating to diagnosis , management , and treatment in specific areas of health care.
the question is how this can be achieved.
current understanding of the thyroid disruptive properties of perfluoroalkyl substances ( pfass ) , particularly in aging populations , is limited.
multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that one interquartile range difference in pfos corresponded to @percent@ and @percent@ increases in ft4 and t4 respectively.
background : impaired functional and cognitive status is an important outcome for older adults undergoing major cardiac surgery.
methods : we interviewed patients aged ≥ @number@ y preoperatively and repeated functional and cognitive assessments at 4-6 wk and 4-6 mo postoperatively.
simple unadjusted linear regression was used to test whether baseline measures changed at each follow-up time point.
then we used a longitudinal model to predict postoperative recovery overall , adjusting for comorbidity.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( age @number@ ± @number@ ) underwent scheduled cardiac surgery.
by 4-6 mo , we could no longer detect a difference in recovery.
preoperative cognition and physical activity were not associated with postoperative changes in these domains.
conclusions : a preoperative and postoperative evaluation of function and cognition was integrated into the surgical care of older patients.
primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) is a degenerative disease commonly associated with aging and elevated intraocular pressure ( iop ) .
it is widely accepted , however , that differences between normal and poag tm tissues are presumably a consequence of cellular dysfunction.
here , we investigated the autophagic function and response to chronic oxidative stress in tm cells isolated from glaucomatous and age-matched donor eyes.
moreover , the glaucomatous cultures failed to activate autophagy when exposed to hyperoxic conditions.
these results strongly suggest mtor-dependent dysregulation of the autophagic pathway in cells isolated from the glaucomatous tm.
descriptive statistics detail the demographics , assessment scores , and diagnostic profiles of patients.
comparable data from published literature was identified , and the differences were analyzed qualitatively.
overall , forty-eight patients ( @percent@ ) received diagnoses of mci or dementia.
open referral policies and nurse-led services may overcome some of the barriers to early diagnosis that are currently experienced.
the stability of mammalian telomeres depends upon trf2 , which prevents inappropriate repair and checkpoint activation.
divergent thinking likely plays an important role in simulating autobiographical events.
we also examined whether age differences in divergent thinking might underlie the reduced episodic detail generated by older adults.
the richness of episodic detail comprising autobiographical events in young and older adults was assessed using the autobiographical interview.
divergent thinking abilities were measured using the alternative uses task.
divergent thinking was significantly associated with the amount of episodic detail for imagined future events.
overall , the pathways common to all @number@ types of senescence were related to inflammation and the innate immune system.
it was also evident that 5-aza-induced senescence mirrors natural replicative senescence due to telomere shortening.
in addition , we could discriminate changes in gene expression due to quiescence during cellular senescence from those that were specific to senescence.
as our society ages , neurodegenerative disorders like parkinson's disease ( pd ) are increasing in pandemic proportions.
while mechanistic understanding of pd is advancing , a treatment with well tolerable drugs is still elusive.
in this line , administration of spermidine rescued α-synuclein-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons , a hallmark of pd , in nematodes.
cellular senescence happens in @number@ steps : cell cycle arrest followed , or sometimes preceded , by gerogenic conversion ( geroconversion ) .
geroconvesrion is a form of growth , a futile growth during cell cycle arrest.
it converts reversible arrest to irreversible senescence.
geroconversion is driven by growth-promoting , mitogen- / nutrient-sensing pathways such as mtor.
geroconversion leads to hyper-secretory , hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory cellular phenotypes , hyperfunctions and malfunctions.
on organismal level , geroconversion leads to age-related diseases and death.
rapamycin , a gerosuppressant , extends life span in diverse species from yeast to mammals.
stress-and oncogene-induced accelerated senescence , replicative senescence in vitro and life-long cellular aging in vivo all can be described by 2-step model.
to date little is known about the interactions of smn with other splicing factor genes and how smn affects splicing in vivo.
in smn-1 mutants we detected a reduced expression of u1 and u5 snrnas and an increased expression of u2 , u4 and u6 snrnas.
hippocampal atrophy is associated with memory impairment and dementia and serves as a key biomarker in the preclinical stages of alzheimer's disease.
the majority of older adults , however , are sedentary and have difficulty initiating and maintaining exercise programs.
a modestly more active lifestyle may nonetheless be beneficial.
this study explored whether greater objectively measured daily walking activity was associated with larger hippocampal volume.
the ability to maintain a functional proteome , or proteostasis , declines during the ageing process.
damaged and misfolded proteins accumulate with age , impairing cell function and tissue homeostasis.
the accumulation of damaged proteins contributes to multiple age-related diseases such as alzheimer's , parkinson's or huntington's disease.
damaged proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy-lysosome , key components of the proteostasis network.
we investigated whether central and / or peripheral arterial stiffness contributes to increased perceived fatigue during walking in mobility-intact older adults.
the change in perceived fatigue was measured after a fast-pace 400meter walk test.
the change in perceived fatigue rating was normalized to energy expenditure during walking to determine perceived fatigability.
adults were divided into lower and higher perceived fatigability groups ( n = 22 per group ) .
these results suggest that peripheral arterial stiffness is independently associated with perceived fatigue and fatigability in older adults.
the lack of evolutionary established mechanisms linking genes to age-related traits makes the problem of genetic susceptibility to health span inherently complex.
one complicating factor is genetic trade-off.
the e4 allele confers risks of neurological disorders in men and women ( rr = 1.98 , p = 0.046 ) .
the results highlight the complex role of the e4 allele in genetic susceptibility to health span.
however , there are also studies showing a negative influence of the eeg on mri data quality.
these analyses revealed consistently lower signal-to-noise ratios for anatomical as well as functional mri data during simultaneous eeg registration.
based on our findings , we strongly recommend against using the structural images obtained during simultaneous eeg-mri recordings for further anatomical data analysis.
design : observational , prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up conducted from @number@ to @number@
setting : seven ltc facilities in the province of quebec , canada.
the study sample comprised @number@ residents with complete data at baseline on delirium , dementia , and depression.
conclusion : co-occurrence of delirium , ssd , depression , and dementia in ltc residents appears to affect some 6-month outcomes.
because of limited statistical power , it was not possible to draw conclusions about the effects of the co-occurrence of some syndromes on poorer outcomes.
in aging societies increasing cases of neurodegenerative protein deposit diseases urge for the identification of the underlying mechanisms.
additionally , accumulation of insoluble , sds-resistant proteins has been identified as an intrinsic property of organismal aging.
this review collects current knowledge about the composition and function of insoluble , nuclear protein inclusions from the protein homeostasis perspective.
it discusses the occurrence and role of nuclear amyloid in the diseased as well as the healthy cell.
objectives : to assess the relationship between sensorimotor nerve function and incident mobility disability over @number@ years.
design : prospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis.
setting : two u.s. clinical sites.
sensory nerve function was measured using 10- and @number@.4-g monofilaments and vibration detection threshold at the toe.
lower extremity symptoms included numbness or tingling and aching or burning pain.
results : nerve impairments were detected in @percent@ of participants , and @percent@ developed mobility disability.
quadriceps strength mediated relationships between certain nerve impairments and mobility disability , although most remained significant.
conclusion : poor sensorimotor nerve function independently predicted mobility disability.
objective : the present study investigates the relationship between bmi and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults with or without pre-existing diseases.
design : a population-based cohort study.
setting : the taiwan longitudinal study on aging is a nationwide prospective cohort study comprising a representative random sample of middle-aged and older adults.
the study period was 1996-2007.
subjects : we followed @number@ middle-aged and older adults , totalling @number@ person-years.
underweight adults showed a @number@.36-fold increased adjusted hazard ratio of death compared with normal-weight adults.
an optimal bmi may be based on the individual , who exhibits pre-existing diseases or not.
to address these issues , we generated transgenic mice that permit conditional p16 expression.
this study investigates the pathways through which low socioeconomic status ( ses ) contributes to a higher rhr.
method : the sample involved data for @number@ respondents who were participating in the first wave of the irish longitudinal study on ageing.
respondents completed a detailed interview at home and underwent a 5-min baseline electrocardiograph recording as part of a clinic-based health assessment.
ses was indexed using household income.
psychosocial factors including social network size and loneliness accounted for a sizeable proportion of the socioeconomic differential in rhr , particularly among men.
multimodal interventions that could target these prioritized determinants were also suggested.
objective : to determine the effects of social support on mortality among the aged people with major diseases or adl disabilities.
method : in this prospective cohort study , data were retrieved from the taiwan longitudinal study on aging from @number@ to @number@
data for @number@ males and @number@ females aged ≥65 years were collected.
the participants were divided into having major diseases or adl disability or none.
subjects received financial , instrumental , and emotional support , and they actively provided instrumental and emotional support to others.
the effect of the association between providing and receiving social support on mortality was examined using cox regression analysis after adjusting several covariates.
during the catabolic process of autophagy , cytoplasmic material is transported to the lysosome for degradation and recycling.
this way , autophagy contributes to the homeodynamic turnover of proteins , lipids , nucleic acids , glycogen , and even whole organelles.
here we discuss the different microscopy-based , biochemical and genetic methods currently available to study autophagy in various tissues of the popular model drosophila.
frailty in older people is associated with a vulnerability to adverse events.
hip fractures are becoming a prototype condition in the study of frailty.
established techniques of geriatric evaluation and management allow systematic assessment and intervention on multiple components by multidisciplinary teams and deliver the best outcomes.
with the population aging , a large number of patients undergoing rehabilitation are older than @number@ years.
finally , we propose two indexes of mi ability to identify the potential of persons to engage in mi training programs.
the regenerative decline of organisms during ageing is linked to the reduced proliferative activity , impaired function and exhaustion of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells.
main outcome measures : the female participants answered a sleep questionnaire , underwent polysomnographic recording and allowed their hormone levels to be measured.
women were allocated into early ( the first @number@ years after menopause ) and late ( after the first @number@ years ) stages.
we found no significant differences between early and late postmenopausal women in the adjusted analysis.
the mean measurements in each group were calculated and compared within each group.
however , oa knees showed larger lateral bowing with oa grade , which might reduce the condylar-shaft angle and subsequently shifted the mechanical axis medially.
conclusions : this cross-sectional study might provide the possibility of oa initiation and progression.
the lateral curvature of the femoral shaft associated with aging may contribute to the initiation of varus-type oa of the knee.
psychological stress has often been described as a feeling of being overwhelmed by the necessity of constant adjustment to an individual's changing environment.
stress affects people of all ages , but the lives of the elderly may particularly be affected.
major changes can cause anxiety leading to feelings of insecurity and / or loss of self-esteem and depression.
the cellular mechanisms underlying psychological stress are poorly understood.
effective educational programs need to be developed , to support informed fertility and child-timing decisions.
six months later , @number@ of the original sample repeated the 26-item survey.
participants ' beliefs about the ideal and latest age a woman or man should consider producing a child decreased.
limitations , reasons for caution : the sample size and the recruitment methods may limit the generalizability of these findings.
web-based approaches have the benefit of being easily and conveniently accessed by individuals worldwide.
study design , size , duration : an online cross-sectional survey of chinese university students in hong kong was conducted in @number@
results were compared with two similar studies in sweden and the usa.
intentions and attitudes towards parenthood and awareness regarding female fertility were assessed using the swedish fertility awareness questionnaire.
these comparisons were significant at p < @number@
prospective memory ( pm ) tasks are those that must be performed in the future ( e.g. , attend an appointment ) .
this article describes the first comprehensive pm training intervention.
those assigned to a control group completed only the first and last training task.
benefits may also extend to other special populations who experience pm impairments ( e.g. , traumatic brain injury [ tbi ] , parkinson's ) .
the etiology of pd remains unclear.
further investigation revealed that the observed αsyn accumulation is a result of lysosome dysfunction caused by extracellular atp-induced elevation of lysosomal ph.
interestingly , p2x1 receptor appears to mediate the cells ' response to extracellular atp.
the golden hamster is an excellent animal experimental model for oocyte research.
the hamster oocytes are very useful in clinical examination of human spermatozoan activity.
non-fertile oocytes can lead to time-dependent processes of aging , which will affect the results of human spermatozoa examination.
as a consequence there is a need to investigate the aging and anti-aging processes of golden hamster oocytes.
these results define the conditions for the aging and anti-aging processes in golden hamster oocytes.
a comprehensive health assessment was made at enrollment and then repeated regularly on an ongoing basis.
health services use and deaths have been obtained by record linkage and confirmed , where necessary , by telephone interview.
currently , the data are not publicly available ; we would welcome collaborations and research proposals.
this was followed by a longitudinal prospective cohort feasibility study that was conducted in three nursing homes in ni.
these data were collected at baseline and every @number@ months for up to @number@ months or until death.
for those residents who died during the study period , data were also collected within @number@ days of death.
results : consensus was achieved for @number@ ( @number@ % ) of the @number@ medications and medication classes included in the survey.
fifteen residents were recruited to participate in the longitudinal prospective cohort feasibility study , four of whom died during the data collection period.
conclusions : this study is the first to develop and apply medication appropriateness indicators for patients with advanced dementia in the uk setting.
the delphi consensus panel survey of expert clinicians was a suitable method of developing such indicators.
catel-manzke syndrome is characterized by pierre robin sequence and a unique form of bilateral hyperphalangy causing a clinodactyly of the index finger.
we describe the identification of homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in tgds in seven unrelated individuals with typical catel-manzke syndrome by exome sequencing.
by using haplotype reconstruction we showed that the mutation c.298g > t is probably a founder mutation.
due to the spectrum of the amino acid changes , we suggest that loss of function in tgds is the underlying mechanism of catel-manzke syndrome.
tgds ( dtdp-d-glucose @number@ , 6-dehydrogenase ) is a conserved protein belonging to the sdr family and probably plays a role in nucleotide sugar metabolism.
the presence of low cognitive performance was negatively associated with walking speed , with the highest effect size for the 4-m walking test.
the presence of cardiopulmonary disease was negatively associated with walking speed as well , with the highest effect size for the 6-min walking test.
human primary myoblasts were treated with increasing concentrations of @number@ , 25 ( oh ) 2d3 for @number@ h.
muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline and @number@ weeks after vitamin d3 supplementation ( @number@ iu / day ) in older adults.
serum 25ohd and intramuscular vdr protein expression were examined by immunoblot.
25ohd was associated with intramuscular vdr protein concentration ( r = 0.67 ; p = 0.0028 ) .
in summary , our study found vdr gene expression increases following treatment with @number@ , 25oh2d3 in human myoblasts.
these findings suggest treatment with vitamin d compounds results in sustained increases in vdr in human skeletal muscle.
individuals with autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) and their relatives process faces differently from typically developed ( td ) individuals.
sibs showed extensive antero-medial temporal lobe activation for faces that was not present in any other group , suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism.
the aberrant expression of mirnas may contribute to phenotypic features of malignant cells , including resistance to chemotherapy.
however , in cholangiocarcinoma ( cca ) the correlation between mirnas and their potential roles in cca remains unclear.
methods : microrna profiles were analyzed in three pairs of cca tumor specimens and non-tumorous-paired biliary tissues using agilent microrna microarrays.
expression of selected mirnas was further confirmed in cca tissues and cca cell lines by q-pcr.
the effects of mir-144 were evaluated by cell proliferation , migration , transwell , and tumorigenicity assays.
expression of lis1 ( platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase isoform 1b ) was assessed in cca specimens and cca cell lines by q-pcr and western blot.
targeting of lis1 by mir-144 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays.
results : we found that the expression of @number@ mirnas in cca tissues was significantly different from their corresponding adjacent normal bile duct tissues.
we focused on mir-144 which was significantly down-regulated in cca tissues.
reintroduction of mir-144 in cca cell lines not only inhibited cell growth , but also significantly reduced cell migration and invasion capacities compared with controls.
moreover , overexpression of mir-144 expression could suppress tumor growth in nude mice.
in conjunction , the previous findings suggest that lps and r848 elicit changes in the expression of costimulatory molecules via triggering differential intracellular signaling pathways.
collectively , the findings indicate that estrogen directly acting on ox62 + dcs , may affect cd4 + lymphocyte-dependent immune response in aged female rats.
aging affects endogenous stem cells in terms of functionality and numbers.
in particular , during aging , the stemness property can decrease because of enhanced apoptotic cell death and senescence.
in addition , aging and aging-related co-morbidities affect the paracrine activity of stem cells and the efficiency of their transplantation.
therefore , major efforts have been invested to improve the repair capability of stem cells in aged individuals by overexpressing antisenescence and antiapoptotic genes.
cyclopleged right eyes were used with 4-mm effective pupil sizes.
targets were single lines of high-contrast letters based on the bailey-lovie chart.
successively smaller lines were read until a participant could no longer read any of the letters correctly.
aberrations were measured with a coas-hd hartmann-shack aberrometer.
results : there were no significant differences between the two age groups.
conclusions : any age-related differences in visual acuity in the presence of defocus and astigmatism were swamped by interparticipant variation.
besides , the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed , as well.
results : @number@ chemical constituents , among which c19-diterpenoid alkaloids and c20-diterpenoid alkaloids are the predominant groups , have been isolated and identified from fuzi.
besides , a majority of the pharmacological studies were carried out using crude and poorly characterized extracts.
thus , more bioactive components particularly cardiotonic and analgesic compounds should be identified through bioactivity-guided isolation strategies.
moreover , investigations on how to develop fuzi׳s new clinical usage on the basis of its pharmacological effects are in requirement.
quantifying human weight and height dynamics due to growth , aging , and energy balance can inform clinical practice and policy analysis.
this paper presents the first mechanism-based model spanning full individual life and capturing changes in body weight , composition and height.
b ) short and long-term dynamics of body weight and composition.
c ) stunted growth with chronic malnutrition and potential for catch up growth.
from obesity policy analysis to treating malnutrition and tracking growth trajectories , the model can address diverse policy questions.
in another analysis , energy deficit percentage needed to reduce bmi by one unit is found to be relatively constant across ages.
accompanying documented and freely available simulation model facilitates diverse applications customized to different sub-populations.
therefore , the purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically review and determine whether vascular smf is different between older versus young healthy individuals.
meta-analyses were performed to compare the mean difference in basmf and the standardized mean difference in rasmf between older and young groups.
subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.
results : fifteen studies assessing basmf and @number@ studies assessing rasmf were included , comprising @number@ older and @number@ young healthy individuals.
subgroup analyses revealed that studies with ( predominantly ) men showed similar smf responses between the older and the young groups.
abp and mbg in plasma and urine were measured at baseline ( unstandardized salt intake ) and after high and low-salt intake.
sex-specific analyses revealed that these relationships were significant in men only.
compared with low-salt , high-salt diet increased p-mbg ( p = @number@ ) , mainly driven by results in men.
however , these patterns seem to be sex-specific and are not observed in women.
grain production of rice ( oryza sativa l. ) is a top priority in ensuring food security for human beings.
one of the approaches to increase yield is to delay leaf senescence and to extend the available time for photosynthesis.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are key regulators of aging and cellular senescence in eukaryotes.
in total @number@ known mirnas , @number@ mirna candidates and @number@ targets were identified.
these results provided valuable information for understanding the mirna-mediated leaf senescence of rice , and offered an important foundation for rice breeding.
background : cardiovascular disease and its risk factors have consistently been associated with poor cognitive function and incident dementia.
materials and methods : medline , psychinfo , and embase were searched from inception to @date@ .
from @number@ records initially screened , @number@ were included.
results : the association between numerous different cardiovascular disease risk models and cognitive outcomes has been tested , including framingham and non-framingham risk models.
in all studies , higher cardiovascular disease risk scores were associated with cognitive changes or risk of dementia.
conclusions : cardiovascular risk prediction models are associated with cognitive changes over time and risk of dementia.
objective : bariatric surgery is associated with improved cognitive function , although the mechanisms are unclear.
elevated inflammation is common in obesity and associated with impaired cognition.
inflammation decreases after bariatric surgery , implicating it as a possible mechanism for cognitive improvement.
the objective of this study was to examine whether reduced inflammation is a possible mechanism for postoperative cognitive improvement in bariatric surgery patients.
methods : participants were @number@ bariatric surgery patients who completed cognitive testing before surgery and @number@ year postsurgery.
cognitive domains assessed were attention / executive function , language , and memory.
high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( crp ) was assessed at both time points.
conclusions : improvements in high-sensitivity crp were not associated with postoperative cognitive benefits.
background : dietary antioxidants can inhibit reactions accompanying neurodegeneration and thus prevent cognitive impairment.
the 20-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to measure depressive symptoms.
the vitamin e-verbal memory association was partially mediated by depressive symptoms ( proportion mediated = 13%-16% ) .
background : straw drinking is often recommended as a strategy for managing swallowing difficulties in adult clinical populations.
this study presents a range of normal adult straw drinking speeds and discusses clinical applications.
method : straw drinking speed in a normal healthy population of @number@ adults from @number@ to @number@ years of age was measured.
participants drank @number@ ml of water for each straw tested.
all participants were asked to comment on the straws used.
a mixed-method design was used wherein both quantitative and simple structured qualitative data were collected.
results : drinking speed was quickest for the wide-bore straw , followed by the nbs and slowest for the psvs.
this was supported by qualitative comments from the adults who reported that the psvs was the most difficult straw to use.
there were no significant differences between straw flow or straw type and sex of the participants.
there were significant changes with aging and a decrease in flow speed with the nbs.
weight and height had some effect on straw drinking speeds.
there was a slight correlation between age and sex and age and height , but not between age and weight.
conclusion : this article presents data for a normal range of straw drinking speeds in a healthy adult population.
it can be used in the assessment and monitoring of straw drinking in acquired disorders of swallowing.
sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
adverse health consequences of sarcopenia are falls and loss of independence , increased health costs and reduced quality of life.
screening pathways are being investigated and some are discussed in this review.
there is an emphasis on early screening , as it is believed that early detection will allow early intervention.
pharmaceutical treatment strategies are under development with some early promise and there is the possibility of clinical trials in the near future.
currently , nutritional supplementation and physical therapy are the strategies advocated for the management of sarcopenia once it is diagnosed.
background : identifying factors associated with functional declines in older adults is important given the aging of the population.
we investigated if hearing impairment is independently associated with objectively measured declines in physical functioning in a community-based sample of older adults.
methods : prospective observational study of @number@ individuals from the health , aging , and body composition study.
participants were followed annually for up to @number@ visits.
hearing was measured with pure-tone audiometry.
physical functioning and gait speed were measured with the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
incident disability and requirement for nursing care were assessed semiannually through self-report.
results : in a mixed-effects model , greater hearing impairment was associated with poorer physical functioning.
microrna ( mir ) has been implicated as a key regulator controlling diverse biological processes through posttranscriptional repression.
purpose : sorafenib is the standard of care for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
the peak incidence of hcc is around @number@ years.
we aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of sorafenib in the elderly population.
methods : we retrospectively reviewed data from patients treated with sorafenib for hcc at our institution.
we compared safety and efficacy data across different age groups.
however , asthenia and bleeding were more frequent in the elderly.
the higher frequency of bleeding was explained by concomitant antiplatelet treatments , and major asthenia was frequent in ps1 elderly patients.
conclusion : sorafenib showed similar results in terms of safety and efficacy in the elderly and younger hcc populations.
the health systems as well as healthcare structure and provisions vary considerably.
consequently , the progress toward universal health coverage ( uhc ) in these countries also varies.
this paper aims to describe the progress toward uhc in the asean countries and discuss how regional integration could influence uhc.
design : data reported in this paper were obtained from published literature , reports , and gray literature available in the asean countries.
we used both online and manual search methods to gather the information and ' snowball ' further data.
the asean economic community's ( aec ) goal of regional economic integration and a single market by @number@ presents both opportunities and challenges for uhc.
for asean countries , uhc should be explicitly considered to mitigate deleterious effects of economic integration.
there is potential to organize select health services regionally to improve further efficiency.
conclusions : we believe that asean has significant potential to become a force for better health in the region.
we hope that all asean citizens can enjoy higher health and safety standards , comprehensive social protection , and improved health status.
we believe economic and other integration efforts can further these aspirations.
in slavic folklore , koschei the immortal was bony , thin and lean.
was his condition caused by severe calorie restriction ( cr ) ?
cr deactivates the target of rapamycin pathway and slows down aging.
but the life-extending effect of severe cr is limited by starvation.
what if koschei's anti-aging formula included rapamycin ?
apoe methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression ( minimum r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
apoe methylation was significantly associated with age ( minimum p = @number@.06e-08 ) and plasma total cholesterol ( minimum p = @number@.53e-03 ) .
these findings suggest that methylation may be a potential mechanistic explanation for apoe functions related to aging and call for further molecular mechanistic studies.
this study was conducted from @number@ to @number@ using structured questionnaires on retirement , morbidities , and health-related behaviors.
we adopted the cox proportional hazard model to investigate the effects of diagnosed disease and health-related behaviors on erdhp.
further , risk factors such as lack of exercise , stroke , arthritis , obesity , and malignancy differentially affect early retirement by gender.
we found that hypertension , diabetes , malignancy , arthritis , cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , smoking , and obesity increased the risk of erdhp.
to enhance the sustain ability of labor in an aging society , more studies on erdhp are needed.
the ability to remember the spatial context in which our experiences occur declines linearly across the adult lifespan.
however , little is known about whether this source memory decline is associated with neural activity changes.
twelve healthy individuals of both sexes were enrolled in each age group.
during retrieval , the images presented at encoding were randomly mixed with new ones and displayed at the center of the screen.
this under-recruitment and over-recruitment brain activity was also present in old adults.
the results allowed us to identify the specific brain regions that first fail to encode spatial information into an episodic representation during the adult lifespan.
for this , we first represent the brain functional network by a symmetric positive matrix computed using sparse inverse covariance estimation.
we then impose a log-euclidean riemannian manifold structure on brain functional networks whose norm gives a convenient and practical way to define a mean.
resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and the retina.
they are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond to various insults with a morphological and functional transformation into reactive phagocytes.
activities of daily living defined disability.
multinomial logistic markov models estimated disability transition probabilities adjusted for age , sex , race / ethnicity , education , and the health factors.
microsimulation measured outcomes.
results : white women and men exemplify results.
among people with diabetes , those with other conditions were much less likely to have no disability in the final year of life.
background : the diagnosis of osteoporosis in men remains controversial.
single and multiple regression analysis was used for correlating bmd to weight and age.
the who cut-off value ( t-score ≤-2.5 ) was used for the definition of osteoporosis.
to compare the prevalence of osteoporosis by adopting male or female bmd reference values the fisher's exact test was applied.
results : age was significantly correlated with spine and neck bmd.
the age-bmd correlation was negative for femoral neck while it was positive for the spine.
spine and femoral bmd ( both total hip and neck ) were positively correlated with body weight.
the capability of spine dxa in identifying men with t-score ≤-2.5 is at its maximum around the fifth decade of life and it decreases later.
objectives : the relationship of body mass index ( bmi ) with functional status differs in diversified geriatric population and various settings.
design : this study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design.
setting : geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital.
participants : there were @number@ female patients aged @number@ years or older included in the analysis.
measurements : body mass indexes were calculated from weight ( kg ) divided by the square of height ( m ) .
functional status was assessed with the evaluation of activities of daily living ( adl ) and instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) scales.
results : in total , @number@ subjects comprised our study cohort.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
mean bmi was @number@ ± @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) .
we suggest that lower bmi is associated with better functional status in turkish community-dwelling female older people.
this association is prominent in the subjects with normal nutritional status.
it represents an important example for diversity in bmi-functionality relationship.
objective : to identify forms of abuse and ill-treatment in the elderly , as well as the determinants of these abuses.
methodology : this is a quantitative study , of the non-experimental , descriptive , cross-sectional type attended by @number@ portuguese elderly.
conclusion : we found that the abuse and mistreatment are present in the everyday life of many seniors and are a difficult subject to approach.
methods : the cognitive-affective judgement of preference test was administered to @number@ patients with als and @number@ controls.
furthermore , a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and detailed behavioural assessment , with measures of empathy and awareness , were included.
a cognitive tom deficit was found in @percent@ of patients , with @percent@ showing an isolated cognitive tom deficit.
the patients with als showed reduced empathy ( fantasy scale ) and increased behavioural dysfunction with high levels of apathy.
conclusions : dysfunctional tom is a prominent feature of the cognitive profile of als.
here , recent studies examining the role of cellular senescence and of oxidative stress in ssc pathogenesis will be reviewed.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia and has no effective treatment.
here , we present evidence demonstrating that fibrin deposition increases in the ad brain and correlates with the degree of pathology.
elucidating the molecular mechanisms of brain aging remains a significant challenge for biogerontologists.
in this study , mirna profiles of young , adult , and old rats were obtained to evaluate molecular changes during aging.
high-throughput deep sequencing revealed @number@ known and @number@ candidate novel mirnas that were differentially expressed among groups.
these findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying brain aging and a resource for future studies on age-related brain disorders.
we consider that these genes merit further attention in future studies as potential candidate genes involved in both idiopathic and lrrk2-g2019s-associated forms of pd.
data were collected between @date@ and @date@ .
assistants were perceived as a focal point for care delivery and conduits for enabling a service to achieve goals within interdisciplinary team structures.
we conclude that upholding these mechanisms may help to optimise the efficiency and productivity of assistant and professionally qualified staff in cbrs.
adipose tissue is a pivotal organ determining longevity , due largely to its role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
sirt1 is a nad-dependent protein deacetylase possessing antiaging activities in a wide range of organisms.
the enzyme acetyl-coa carboxylase @number@ plays an important role in biotin accumulation within adipose tissues of adipo-h363y.
calorie restriction prevents biotin accumulation , abolishes abnormal histone biotinylation , and completely restores the metabolic and adipose functions of adipo-h363y.
we compared the performance of the gene score with the phenotypically derived framingham offspring study t2d risk model and then the two in combination.
over the median @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ participants developed t2d.
the odds ratio for t2d ( top vs. bottom quintiles of gene score ) was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
with a @percent@ false-positive rate , the genetic score alone detected @percent@ incident cases , the framingham risk model @percent@ , and together @percent@.
the addition of the gene score to a phenotypic risk model leads to a potentially clinically important improvement in discrimination of incident t2d.
the clinical dementia rating score was used as an alternate grouping variable in three of the studies.
conclusions : the depressive symptoms scales in these four studies measured depression in the same way , regardless of cognitive status.
the dutch population of first generation turkish and moroccan migrants is ageing.
among them hypertension and diabetes mellitus are frequent findings , which will probably cause an increased incidence of dementia.
the language barrier , low education and cultural differences make the diagnosis more difficult.
correspondence was scored on characteristics of dementia , a procedure was used to diagnose without including the mmse score.
average mmse-score was @number@ with dementia @number@ without @number@
however , the cognitive skills addressed by the mmse require an education and language skills.
developing a test that is independent of education and language barrier will probably be better.
rapid , reliable , and robust detection of salmonella in produce remains a challenge.
four dna extraction methods were also compared using produce enrichment broths.
false-positive or false-negative results were not observed among @number@ strains ( @number@ salmonella and @number@ non-salmonella ) used to evaluate assay specificity.
the prepman ultra sample preparation reagent yielded the best results among the four dna extraction methods.
upon further validation , lamp may be a valuable tool for routine salmonella testing in produce.
the difficulty of detecting salmonella in sprouts , whether using lamp or qpcr , warrants further study.
pain syndromes are among the most widespread , costly , and debilitating of all neurological disorders.
this type of pain is often insensitive to the traditional pain pharmacopeia or surgical intervention.
over the last @number@ years the number of prescriptions that have been compounded by pharmacists has increased dramatically.
a significant portion of these compounded analgesic preparations is made up of topical / transdermal dosage forms such as gels and creams.
purpose of the study : adult children are often directly affected by aging parents ' decision to limit or stop driving.
transcripts were analyzed by two independent coders to identify major themes.
implications : despite the potential benefits of planning for drc , families are unsure about how best to approach this topic.
adult children worry about assuming responsibility for their parents ' transportation needs and their parents ' reactions to restricted mobility.
despite a reluctance to communicate openly about drc , adult children and their parents share similar and significant concerns that merit increased attention.
design and method : data were abstracted from the @number@ nationwide inpatient sample ( nis ) and odds of death were modeled using logistic regression.
results : the age @number@ and older fall rate per @number@ discharges was @number@ while the mortality rate for those who fell was @number@
implications : among older adults who experienced a fall and hospitalization , odds of mortality appear influenced by factors beyond injury severity related to falling.
additional research is necessary to delineate the mechanisms behind these phenomena to inform the public about falls-prevention programs.
activated neutrophils play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases.
herein , we showed that secondary metabolites of marine pseudomonas sp.
in cell-free systems , neither superoxide anion-scavenging effect nor inhibition of elastase activity was associated with the suppressive effects of n11.
n11 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 map kinase and jnk , but not erk and akt , in fmlp-induced human neutrophils.
also , n11 dose-dependently attenuated the transient elevation of intracellular calcium concentration in activated neutrophils.
our results suggest that n11 has the potential to be developed to treat neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
in this study , we investigate the biological functions of a drosophila homolog of human mrp4 , dmrp4.
we show that dmrp4 expression is elevated in response to oxidative stress ( paraquat , hydrogen peroxide and hyperoxia ) in drosophila.
flies lacking dmrp4 have a shortened lifespan under both oxidative and normal conditions.
overexpression of dmrp4 , on the other hand , is sufficient to increase oxidative stress resistance and extend lifespan.
humans utilize facial appearance , gender , expression , aging pattern , and other ancillary information to recognize individuals.
it is interesting to observe how humans perceive facial age.
analyzing these properties can help in understanding the phenomenon of facial aging and incorporating the findings can help in designing effective algorithms.
such a study has two components facial age estimation and age-separated face recognition.
age estimation involves predicting the age of an individual given his / her facial image.
on the other hand , age-separated face recognition consists of recognizing an individual given his / her age-separated images.
we also analyze how various facial regions such as binocular and mouth regions influence age estimation and recognition capabilities.
finally , we propose an age-invariant face recognition algorithm that incorporates the knowledge learned from these observations.
a single randomized controlled double-blind trial was published.
notably , available evidence shows considerable variability in participants ' selection and assessment methods , rendering difficult direct comparisons.
size effects or magnitude of associations across the different studies cannot also be determined.
purpose of review : to highlight the recent evicence for optimal protein intake and protein supplementation in older adults.
a special focus has been placed on the effects on muscle protein synthesis , strength and overall performance in this population.
summary : recent evidence suggests positive effects of protein supplementation on muscle protein synthesis , muscle mass and muscle strength.
objective : to analyze vestibulo-ocular responses using the video head impulse test in the yaw axis.
study design : prospective.
setting : tertiary and university hospital.
patients : two hundred twelve healthy subjects with no history of vestibular or neurologic impairment.
intervention : video head impulse test in the lateral semicircular canal plane.
results : mean gain was @number@ ± @number@ and there were no differences between sexes.
for all the impulses ( n = @number@ @number@ rightward and @number@ leftward ) , vor gain decreased as head impulse velocity increased.
rss were detected in @number@ subjects , occurring after impulses to both sides of the head in @number@ of these subjects.
conclusion : vor gain was stable until age @number@ years and thereafter dropped.
conventional cognitive assessment is based on a pencil-and-paper neuropsychological evaluation , which is time consuming , expensive and requires the involvement of several professionals.
a pilot project in the elderly.
design and methods : community-dwelling people aged > 70 years completed a telephone survey.
the survey included scenarios for fall prevention interventions , including assessment / multifactorial interventions , such as those delivered through a falls clinic.
participants were asked about previous exposure to , or intent to participate in , the interventions.
a path model analysis was used to identify factors associated with intent to participate in assessment / multifactorial interventions.
factors identified as influencing intention to undertake these interventions may be useful in promoting or targeting these interventions.
changing global demography is resulting in older people presenting to emergency departments ( eds ) in greater numbers than ever before.
they present with greater urgency and are more likely to be admitted to hospital or re-attend and utilize greater resources.
they experience longer waits for care and are less likely to be satisfied with their experiences.
older people's assessment and management in the ed can be complex , time consuming , and require specialist skills.
specific challenges such as delirium , functional decline , or carer strain need to be screened for and managed appropriately.
models of care are evolving that aim to deliver multidimensional assessment and management by multidisciplinary specialist care teams ( comprehensive geriatric assessment ) .
increasingly , these models are demonstrating improved outcomes , including admission avoidance or reduced death and dependence.
delivering this in the ed is an evolving area of practice that adapts the principles of geriatric medicine for the urgent-care environment.
methods : we enrolled @number@ consecutive patients diagnosed with stemi involving the inferior wall ; of these , @number@ patients had cavb.
all patients received primary pci.
the clinical characteristics , procedural data , and clinical outcomes were compared in patients with versus without cavb.
results : baseline clinical characteristics were similar between patients with and without cavb.
patients with cavb were more likely to present with cardiogenic shock , and cavb was caused primarily by right coronary artery occlusion.
door-to-balloon time was similar between those two groups.
after primary pci , cavb was reversed in all patients.
the peak creatinine phosphokinase level , left ventricular ejection fraction and in-hospital mortality rate were similar between the two groups.
purpose : cayenne aspiration is an unusual type of foreign-body aspiration that is usually misdiagnosed.
this article analyzes the clinical features of cayenne aspiration in the lower airway.
patients and methods : clinical data on eight adult patients with cayenne aspiration were retrospectively analyzed.
six were elderly patients.
the data were collected from peking university first hospital and anhui chest hospital between @date@ and @date@ .
only one patient ( @percent@ ) could supply the history of aspiration on his first visit to doctor and was diagnosed definitely without delay.
the other seven cases were misdiagnosed as pneumonia and the time to accurate diagnosis was from @number@ month to @number@ months.
the history of aspiration could be recalled after confirmed diagnosis for the other seven cases.
the most common presentation shown by chest computed tomography ( ct ) was pneumonic opacity ( eight cases , @percent@ ) .
the existence of cayenne could not be detected by chest ct in any of the patients.
all the patients were diagnosed definitively and managed successfully with flexible bronchoscopy.
the segment of cayenne was complete in five cases ( @percent@ ) and scattered in three cases ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : the clinical features of cayenne aspiration are usually obscure and nonspecific which may lead to delay in diagnosis.
flexible bronchoscopy is safe and useful for early diagnosis and effective management.
background : when a hospitalized older patient falls or develops delirium , there are significant consequences for the patient and the health care system.
assessments of inattention and altered consciousness , markers for delirium , were analyzed to determine if they were also associated with falls.
older fallers with complete delirium risk assessments prior to falling were identified.
as a control , non-fallers were matched at a 3 : 1 ratio.
admission risk factors that were compared in fallers and non-fallers included altered consciousness , cognitive performance , attention , sensory deficits , and dehydration.
odds ratio ( or ) was reported ( @percent@ confidence interval [ ci ] ) .
fallers tended to have altered consciousness prior to falling ( @percent@ versus @percent@ , or = 2.8 ; @percent@ ci : @number@.3-5.8 ) .
conclusion : in this case-control study , alterations in consciousness and inattention , assessed prior to falling , were more common in patients who fell.
brief assessments of consciousness and attention should be considered for inclusion in fall prediction.
recently , injectable dermal fillers have become important alternatives to surgical procedures for the correction of facial wrinkles.
bovine collagen is the first approved material for filler injection , and several studies have shown its efficacy.
however , the risk of developing an allergic reaction and xenogenic transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy remain among its disadvantages.
a total of sixty one patients with mild to severe nasolabial fold were randomized to receive therafill® and koken® on contralateral sides of the face.
no serious adverse reactions were observed and both materials were tolerable in most cases.
the rejuran® is a new filler product made from purified polynucleotides.
the durability and efficacy of each treatment were assessed by microscopy and staining.
repeated treatments were performed every two weeks for a total of three times , over a total of @number@ weeks ' observation.
all injections and observations of efficacy and safety were performed by the same two investigators.
in the animal study , the rejuran® group showed similar durability and inflammatory response to the yvoire® group.
soft tissue filler injection has been a very common procedure worldwide since filler injection was first introduced for soft tissue augmentation.
the complications after filler injection can occur at any time after the procedure , early and delayed , and they range from minor to severe.
familiarity with the treatment of these rare complications is essential for achieving the best possible outcome.
soft tissue augmentation is a process of implanting tissues or materials to treat wrinkles or soft tissue defects in the body.
over the years , various materials have evolved to correct soft tissue defects , including a number of tissues and polymers.
autogenous dermis , autogenous fat , autogenous dermis-fat , allogenic dermis , synthetic implants , and fillers have been widely accepted for soft tissue augmentations.
tissue engineering technology has also been introduced and opened a new venue of opportunities in this field.
fibroblasts and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells can be clinically used as injectable tissue-engineered soft tissue at present.
in this review , information on the soft tissue augmentation method using the injectable tissue-engineered soft tissue is provided.
the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning tissue repair and its failure to heal are still poorly understood , and current therapies are limited.
methods : the original protocol was tested on different chemistry analyzers and then simplified at the university of washington ( uw ) .
a second pretest was conducted in india to validate the modified assay protocol , using @number@ quality control specimens.
conclusions : the dbs-based hba1c values are highly correlated with venous results.
the pre-treatment of filter paper does not appear to be necessary.
the microrna mir-17-92 cluster plays a fundamental role in heart development.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a member of this cluster , mir-17 , on cardiac senescence.
par4 has been reported as a tumor suppressor gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells , but not in normal cells.
we conclude that par4 can bind to the cebpb promoter and inhibit its transcription.
decreased par4 expression increases the amount of cebpb , which binds to the fak promoter and enhances fak transcription.
par4 , cebpb and fak form a senescence signaling pathway , playing roles in modulating cell survival , growth , apoptosis , emt and self-renewal.
background : telomeres are tandem repeats of sequences present at the end of the chromosomes that maintain chromosomal integrity.
short telomeres also contribute to genome instability and are a hallmark of many cancers.
there are several methods for estimating telomere length ( tl ) from extracted dna samples.
we describe a novel multiplexed probe-based non-pcr method for tl measurement.
t and r signals are detected from a single reaction well containing the same input dna.
branching dna technology is used to amplify the signal , which is detected by luminex technology.
the assay was also validated in an independent set of samples using southern blot ( r = @number@ ) .
conclusion : we describe a novel assay for tl assessment using the luminex platform.
impact : this may offer an alternative cost-efficient way to study tl in extracted dna samples.
circulating mirnas may serve as a novel class of minimally invasive biomarkers for prognosis.
this pilot study is based on the colocare study , a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with stage i-iv colorectal cancer.
statistical analysis was performed using log-transformed normalized ct values using sas @number@
we were able to show for the first time that in plasma mirna profiles change within days after colorectal cancer surgery.
our results underscore the role of the investigated mirnas in colorectal cancer and their potential utility as prognostic biomarkers.
see all the articles in this cebp focus section , \ "biomarkers , biospecimens , and new technologies in molecular epidemiology. \ "
some participants could not attend the whole program due to poor health or difficulties securing transport.
conclusion : the results suggest the program was successful in enhancing the health and well-being of those community-dwelling older adults who stayed in the program.
however , the high drop-out rate suggests that flexibility is required in community-based healthy ageing programs.
background : aging is associated with a loss of muscle mass ( sarcopenia ) and function.
however , only one study has investigated the association between twitch contractile properties and skeletal muscle mass.
a significant positive correlation between cross-sectional area and twitch parameters was found for the plantar flexors in young adults when using supramaximal doublet stimulation.
it remains unclear whether this relationship exists for the quadriceps in elderly and young subjects when using single and doublet stimulation.
the lean mass of the thigh was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
supramaximal single and doublet electrical stimulation was used to assess the contractile properties of the quadriceps.
results : we observed no significant associations between lean mass and contractile properties when using single stimulation.
the analysis of twitch time and slope parameters demonstrated no significant correlations with lean mass.
the use of supramaximal single stimulation and the analysis of time and slope parameters may not be recommended for estimating changes in muscle mass.
bullous pemphigoid is a blistering skin disease characterized by autoantibodies against the nc16a domain of bullous pemphigoid @number@
this study was performed to characterize and map the fine specificity of t cell responses to nc16a.
interleukin ( il ) -4 responses were slightly stronger for six peptides , and significantly stronger for nc16a , in patients than in controls.
factors segregating il-10 versus ifn-γ were predicted by active blistering or remission , and tgf-β or il-10 versus ifn-γ by age.
finally , we confirmed a significant up-regulation of ige responses to bp180 in the patients with pemphigoid.
this shows the complexity of t cell phenotype and fine autoreactive specificity in responses to nc16a , in patients and in normal controls.
important disease-associated factors determine the balance of cytokine responses.
of these , specific il-4 and ige responses show the strongest associations with pemphigoid , pointing to an important contribution by th2 cytokines to pathogenesis.
the cell is known to be the most basic unit of life.
however , this basic unit of life is dependent on the proper function of many intracellular organelles to thrive.
one specific organelle that has vast implications on the overall health of the cell and cellular viability is the mitochondrion.
these cellular power plants generate the energy currency necessary for cells to maintain homeostasis and function properly.
additionally , when mitochondria become dysfunctional , they can orchestrate the cell to undergo cell-death.
therefore , it is important to understand what insults can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in order to promote cell health and increase cellular viability.
after years of research , is has become increasingly accepted that age has a negative effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
in support of this , we have found decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics with increased age in sprague-dawley rats.
within this same study we found a @number@ to @percent@ increase in ros production in old rats compared to young rats.
this study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention on spontaneous brain activity in healthy older adults.
the intervention group demonstrated enhanced memory and social support compared to the control group.
moreover , changes in trail-making performance and well-being could be predicted by the intervention-induced changes in alff.
additionally , individual differences in the baseline alff were correlated with intervention-related changes in behavioral performance.
these findings suggest that a multimodal intervention is effective in improving cognitive functions and well-being and can induce functional changes in the aging brain.
the study extended previous training studies by suggesting resting-state alff as a marker of intervention-induced plasticity in older adults.
methods : primary research publications about emergency nurses ' attitudes towards and knowledge about older people were sought in six databases and google.
results : sixteen articles were reviewed , including seven cross-sectional surveys , seven qualitative studies and two mixed-methods studies.
conclusion : emergency department nurses ' attitudes towards and knowledge about ageing processes may affect therapeutic interactions between nurses and their older patients.
evidence shows population ageing to be historically a product of economic development , closely associated with high living standards and national affluence.
nonetheless , fears that an aged population leads to economic stagnation and public bankruptcy are widespread.
beyond overt under- or overactivity of hormonal axes , changes in the concentrations of regulatory hormones may also impact on health and disease.
given these findings , strategies to locally regulate hormone bioavailability by altering pre-receptor metabolism may offer greater therapeutic potential in the fight against age-related disease.
this review aims to provide an overview of the ageing endocrine system and its potential impact on health and disease in the elderly.
background : the cholinergic hypothesis is well established and has led to the development of pharmacological treatments for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , there has previously been no physiological means of monitoring cholinergic activity in vivo.
the applicability of the ach index was examined in an elderly population of healthy controls and patients suffering from various causes of cognitive decline.
results : the ach index showed a strong reduction in the severe stages of ad dementia.
a high correlation was demonstrated between the ach index and cognitive function.
the index was reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment and prodromal ad , indicating a decreased cholinergic activity.
this has great potential for aiding diagnosis and patient stratification as well as for monitoring disease progression and treatment response.
frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) is a neurodegenerative behavioral disorder that selectively affects the salience network , including the ventral striatum and insula.
tau mutations cause ftd , but how mutant tau impairs the salience network is unknown.
here , we address this question using a mouse model expressing the entire human tau gene with an ftd-associated mutation ( v337m ) .
there , mutant tau depleted psd-95 , resulting in smaller postsynaptic densities and impaired synaptic localization of nmda receptors ( nmdars ) .
in the ventral striatum , decreased nmdar-mediated transmission reduced striatal neuron firing.
pharmacologically enhancing nmdar function with the nmdar co-agonist cycloserine reversed electrophysiological and behavioral deficits.
sleep spindles are thalamocortical oscillations in nonrapid eye movement sleep , which play an important role in sleep-related neuroplasticity and offline information processing.
sleep spindles have been associated with learning potential and intelligence ; however , the details of this relationship have not been fully clarified yet.
in a sample of @number@ adult human subjects with a broad iq range , we investigated the relationship between sleep spindle parameters and intelligence.
in males , a negative association between intelligence and fast spindle density in posterior regions was found.
effects were continuous over the entire iq range.
overall , participants utilized external strategies @percent@ of the time on the rpa-promem.
increased utilization of external memory strategies was significantly associated with better pm performance.
additionally , better performance on executive functioning tasks was associated with increased use of external memory strategies.
results are discussed in relation to how memory strategy use can be enhanced to improve everyday memory ability in older adults at risk for dementia.
background : elder abuse and metabolic syndromes are both important public health issues and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
this study aimed to examine the associations between elder abuse and risk for metabolic syndromes.
methods : the chicago health and aging project ( chap ) cohort is a population-based study ( n = @number@ ) .
we identified @number@ participants with some form of elder abuse reported to a social services agency.
the primary independent variable was elder abuse reported to a social services agency.
bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between elder abuse and different definitions of metabolic syndromes.
conclusion : elder abuse is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndromes.
research is needed to examine the association between elder abuse and cardiovascular disease.
mitochondrial function is altered with age and variants in mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) modulate risk for several age-related disease states.
lower mtdna copy number was also significantly associated with prevalent frailty in white participants from chs ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.85-0.97 ) .
key messages : mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) copy number is associated with age and sex.
lower mtdna copy number is also associated with prevalent frailty. mtdna copy number is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in a multiethnic population.
in @number@ participants , follow-up occurred at @number@ years and @number@ years.
upsit , but not selective reminding test-total immediate recall , predicted cognitive decline in participants without baseline cognitive impairment.
during follow-up , @number@ participants transitioned to ad dementia.
conclusions : impairment in odor identification was superior to deficits in verbal episodic memory in predicting cognitive decline in cognitively intact participants.
the findings support the cross-cultural use of a relatively inexpensive odor identification test as an early biomarker of cognitive decline and ad dementia.
such testing may have the potential to select / stratify patients in treatment trials of cognitively impaired patients or prevention trials in cognitively intact individuals.
ageing is a prominent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) are an integral part of atherosclerotic plaque formation , progression and subsequent rupture.
emerging evidence suggests that vsmc behaviour is modified by age , which in turn may affect disease outcome in the elderly.
growing healthcare costs have caused home-care providers to look for more efficient use of healthcare resources.
task shifting is suggested as a strategy to reduce the costs of delivering home-care services.
task shifting refers to the delegation or transfer of tasks from regulated healthcare professionals to home-care workers ( hcws ) .
this qualitative study was completed in collaboration with a large home and community care organisation in ontario , canada , in 2010-2011.
a thematic analysis of the data revealed mixed opinions on the impacts of task shifting on the quality of care.
policy implications for regulating bodies , employers , unions and educators are discussed.
the epigenome is of fundamental importance for development and ageing.
the aim of this study was to investigate the quantity of 5hmc containing nuclei by immunohistochemistry in human and murine brains at several developmental stages.
we performed immunohistochemical stainings on frontal cortex , white matter and cerebellar cortex of @number@ healthy controls.
three cases each were assigned to five age groups ( foetus , adolescent , adult , elderly , aged ) .
additionally , cortex and cerebellum of @number@ mice sacrificed between day @number@ and @number@ after birth were investigated.
we found marked alterations of 5hmc amount during ageing.
in human cortex there was an increase of 5hmc of @percent@ , in white matter we found an increase of even @percent@ during ageing.
in the cerebellum both internal granular cell layer and molecular cell layer showed a significant increase of 5hmc till adulthood.
purkinje cell nuclei showed constantly positive signals for 5hmc.
these data were paralleled in murine brains.
method : a sample of @number@ ( @percent@ female ) older adults living in a large metropolitan area participated in this study.
participants were recruited from a continuing care retirement community and community centers in the surrounding area.
participants completed a survey measuring savoring , resilience , happiness , depression , and satisfaction with life.
savoring is associated with positive outcomes for people with higher and lower levels of resilience.
however , the relationship between savoring and psychological well-being is stronger for people with lower resilience.
conclusion : these findings have implications for the development of positive psychological interventions to enhance resilience and well-being in older adults.
from a practical standpoint , adaptable interventions to enhance savoring and boost positive emotions in older adults may improve well-being and resilience to life's stressors.
new neurons are continuously generated and added to neural circuits in the adult brain.
however , increasing age imposes changes in neural progenitor cells and their microenvironment that lead to a reduction of neurogenesis.
age-related decreased production of new neurons in the neurogenic dentate gyrus has been associated with memory impairments.
several mechanisms are known that might counteract this decline in cognitive functions.
here , we give an overview of ageing-related changes in neurogenesis in the brain of humans and rodents.
we discuss possible causes for reduced neurogenesis with age , its consequences on cognition , and how neurogenesis might be restored in old age.
fundus autofluorescence mostly originates from bisretinoid fluorophores in lipofuscin granules , which accumulate in cells with age.
the dynamics of accumulation , photo-oxidation , and photodegradation of bisretinoids during aging or in the presence of pathology have been insufficiently investigated.
the most common form of sensory disability is age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) , also referred to as presbycusis.
in contrast , knowledge of the pathological processes involved in arhl remains very limited.
the mouse has proved an essential tool in the identification of early-onset deafness genes and in revealing the basic mechanisms of hearing.
here , we review the need for an animal model and discuss the suitability of the mouse as an arhl model.
background : there are only a few reports which provide prevalence rates of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and dementia specifically in arabic countries.
methods : we conducted a door-to-door survey with multistage probability random sampling.
the highest age-specific prevalence rates were recorded among subjects ≥85 years old ( 100 / 100 ) .
conclusion : overall , the prevalence rate of mci and dementia were lower in qena / egypt than in other countries.
advanced age , illiteracy , and living in an industrial area were found to be associated with dementia.
currently elevated depressive symptoms were assessed using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ( ces-d ; score ≥18 ) .
furthermore , participants were asked if they have ever received a previous diagnosis of depression.
a positive history of lifetime depression without current depressive symptoms was solely associated with namci ( @number@ ( @number@.99-1.73 ) ) .
our longitudinal follow-up will allow us to further elucidate this relationship.
background : cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and related risk factors are associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
this association is less well-defined in normal cognition ( nc ) or prodromal ad ( mild cognitive impairment , mci ) .
objective : cross-sectionally and longitudinally relate a vascular risk index to cognitive outcomes among elders free of clinical dementia.
in mci , increasing fsrp correlated with worse longitudinal delayed memory ( p = @number@ ) .
results : among those who received intensive chemotherapy , there were @number@ cases of remission after induction chemotherapy ; treatment-related mortality was @percent@.
the median overall survival was @number@ months.
conclusions : elderly aml patients had better outcomes with intensive chemotherapy than with low-intensity chemotherapy.
thus , appropriate subgroup selection for intensive chemotherapy is likely to improve therapeutic outcome.
background : zanamivir is a neuraminidase ( na ) inhibitor used for the treatment of influenza.
there is an unmet need for a parenteral influenza antiviral therapy to treat hospitalized patients.
therefore the safety and efficacy profile of intravenous zanamivir ( ivz ) was examined in japanese patients with severe influenza.
methods : the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of ivz in japanese patients.
clinical outcome and virological data were also assessed as secondary measures.
patients hospitalized with influenza were treated with ivz @number@ mg twice daily for five days.
there were no patterns of aes or saes.
in addition , improvements in clinical and virological measures suggestive of the clinical usefulness were also observed.
clinicaltrials.gov nct01527110 ; gsk nai115215.
objectives : to determine the usefulness of physical phenotype of frailty , cognitive impairment , and serum albumin for risk stratification of elderly medical impatients.
design : prospective , observational cohort study.
setting : a general internal medicine unit of a university hospital in italy.
participants : inpatients with an average age of @number@ ± @number@ yr ( n = @number@ ) .
non-physical markers were associated only with unfavourable discharge ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the physical phenotype of frailty appears of limited clinical use for risk stratification of older medical inpatients.
combination with markers from non-physical dimensions does not improve its prognostic abilities.
the aim was also to explore factors associated with risk of falling.
design : a cross-sectional design was used.
setting : elderly persons own homes.
participants : data were collected during preventive home visits to @number@ elderly ( age range 73-90 years ) without home-help service.
those with complete screen ii forms were included in the study ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : measurements included rating scales regarding malnutrition risk ( screen ii ) and risk of falling ( downton ) .
in addition , single-items : general health , satisfaction with life , tiredness , low-spiritedness , worries / anxiety and sleeping were used.
conclusion : there are complex associations between malnutrition risk and the gender-cohabitation interaction , age , general health , tiredness , and risk of falling.
in clinical practice comprehensive assessments to identify those at risk of malnutrition including associated factors are needed.
these have to be followed by individual nutritional interventions using a holistic perspective which may also contribute to reducing the risk of falling.
certain gene polymorphisms are associated with human aging.
a total of @number@ healthy subjects were recruited and divided into aging and young groups according to chronological age and biological age.
klotho f352v and il-6-174g / c was g homozygous , c370s was t homozygous while il-6-572g / c maf less than @percent@.
there was a statistically significant difference in the klotho rs571118 snp between chronological age groups , but not biological age groups.
however , other snps , including il-6 gene snps , didn't correlate with age in the han chinese population.
human aging is a complex process that includes chronological and biological aging.
our current data showed that klotho gene rs571118 snp was associated with chronological aging , but not biological aging , in a han chinese population.
further study will investigate genetic build up for the difference between chronological and biological aging.
design : an observational , prospective , non-randomized , and unblinded study , with a minimum follow up of @number@ months.
setting : inpatient wards as well as ambulatory and emergency units run by a brazilian university.
both patients with gastrostomies and nasogastric feeding tubes were included in the alternative feeding group.
measurements : following informed consent , a complete clinical examination was performed upon recruitment , and the primary caregiver was interviewed.
survival analysis was performed using a kaplan-meier curve and a stepwise cox regression analysis.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as at least fast 7c.
mortality at @number@ months was @percent@ among the oral feeding group and @percent@ among the alternative feeding group ( p = @number@ ) .
at @number@ months , the mortality rate increased to @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
a higher incidence of aspiration pneumonia was also observed in the alternative feeding group.
the number of hospital admissions was not different between the feeding routes.
design : longitudinal study.
setting : clinical research setting with facility based exercise and nutrition education.
participants : overweight and obese women , 45-76 years old.
at baseline , the aex + wl group consumed slightly more protein than the wl group ( p < 0.01 ) .
weekday total activity counts decreased @percent@ ( p < 0.05 ) following wl.
this change tended ( p = 0.07 ) to be different than the lack of change in non-structured activity observed following aex + wl.
unlabelled : caffeine is a widely used nutritional supplement which has been shown to enhance both physical and cognitive performance in younger adults.
however , few studies have assessed the effect of caffeine ingestion on performance , particularly functional performance in older adults.
pre and @number@ minutes post ingestion , participants also completed measures of readiness to invest physical ( rtipe ) and mental ( rtime ) effort.
manual dexterity was also improved in the presence of caffeine ( p = @number@ ) .
rtime increased ( p = @number@ ) pre to post ingestion in the caffeine condition but not in the placebo condition.
there were no significant main effects or interactions for rtipe or gender in any analysis ( all p > @number@ ) .
engagement in @number@ leisure and social activities was collected at baseline and at the 10-year follow-up visit for @number@ subjects.
four categories of change in activity engagement were considered : subjects who remained active ; remained inactive ; became inactive and became active.
main outcome measures : time to incident cases of dementia occurring between the 10th and the 20th year of follow-up.
results : a total of @number@ incident dementia cases were documented.
multivariate adjustment including rate of cognitive decline during the first decade of fu did not change these relationships.
conclusion : this prospective cohort study suggests a significant association between change in leisure and social activities during old age and risk of dementia.
objectives : to determine the nutritional status of elderly african people and to investigate the association between undernutrition and dementia.
design : door-to-door cross-sectional surveys in the general population.
setting : representative districts of bangui ( central african republic ) and brazzaville ( republic of congo ) .
participants : population aged over @number@ years.
measurement : undernutrition was defined as a body mass index < 18.5.
anthropometric parameters ( arm circumference , waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness ) were measured , and information was gathered on nutritional habits.
participants underwent cognitive screening using the community screening interview for dementia ( csi-d ) and the five-word test.
after further neuropsychological testing and neurological examination , the diagnosis of dementia was confirmed according to dsm-iv criteria.
multivariate logistic regression models were applied in order to identify factors associated with undernutrition in populations with or without dementia.
results : @number@ people were included.
in the general population , the prevalence of undernutrition was @percent@.
dementia was found in @percent@ of elderly people.
conclusion : the prevalence of undernutrition is high in the older population.
the nutritional status of patients with dementia is more impaired than that of healthy patients.
however , they are less often malnourished than in french home care settings.
this study is the first to look at the nutritional status of at-home patients with dementia in africa.
these comparative data will eventually be used in the development of new nutritional intervention strategies.
nutrition combined with exercise is important in supporting older people's health , functional capacity and quality of life.
objective : to identify nutritional needs in various groups of older individuals and to present the nutritional guidelines for older people in finland.
design : a review of the existing literature on older people's nutritional needs and problems.
the draft guidelines were written by a multidisciplinary expert panel ; they were then revised , based on comments by expert organisations.
the guidelines were approved by the national nutritional council in finland.
results : the heterogeneity of the older population is highlighted.
the five key guidelines are : @number@
the nutritional needs in different age and disability groups should be considered.
@number@
the nutritional status and food intake of older individuals should be assessed regularly.
@number@
an adequate intake of energy , protein , fiber , other nutrients and fluids should be guaranteed.
@number@
the use of a vitamin d supplement ( @number@ μg per day ) recommended.
@number@
the importance of physical activity is highlighted.
in addition , weight changes , oral health , constipation , obesity , implementing nutritional care are highlighted.
these nutritional guidelines are intended to improve the nutrition and nutritional care of the older population.
objective : the aim of the study was to validate the calorie intake tool ( cit ) , a new tool to estimate energy intake.
design , setting and patients : @number@ patients older than @number@ were randomly selected in seven geriatric units at toulouse university hospital.
measurements : energy intake was calculated for each subject with the cit and by weighing the food consumed.
gene-based testing revealed significant associations of foxo3a variation with adl ( p = @number@ ) and bone fracture ( p = @number@ ) .
these positive directions of effects are in agreement with the positive effects on longevity previously reported for these snps.
a pooled analysis of both study populations displayed similar or decreased sized p-values for most associations , hereby supporting the initial findings.
nevertheless , confirmation in additional study populations is needed.
vitamin b12 deficit is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies.
this could explain the discrepancies between studies on vitamin b12 and folate deficiency prevalences.
we conclude that there is inconsistency in the literature regarding vitamin b12 cut-offs.
it would be necessary to establish different reference cut-offs according to age , considering the analytical methods used.
skin healing process is postnatally always associated with scarring of various extent.
this phenomenon is not seen in delayed cases.
we have identified a population of remarkably small cells in explants from newborns ( day 0-10 ) .
these small cells were strongly positive for markers of low differentiated keratinocytes , keratin-8 and @number@ and moreover also for vimentin.
in the explants cultures from older babies this population was missing.
fibroblasts from newborns and older patients differed namely in terms of nestin expression and also in the production of extracellular matrix components.
we conclude that in vitro described properties of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in newborns could participate on the almost scar-less wound healing in earliest neonatal period.
data analysis used methods drawn from grounded theory.
the themes reported in this article are ' understanding of pain ' and ' perceptions of ageing'.
results : of the participants recalled painful experiences that were not attributable to physical trauma.
they believed that pain is part of life and a natural consequence of the ageing process.
the concept of successful ageing was previously unfamiliar to participants , and their conceptualization of ageing derived from comparing themselves with their peers.
a thorough understanding of the aging process can help assessing the efficacy of dietary interventions aimed at reducing the risk of aging-related diseases.
clinical manifestations of major depressive disorder ( mdd ) have been linked to structural and functional alterations in fronto-limbic circuits and white matter microstructural abnormalities.
eligible references included prospective studies in which structural neuroimaging assessments were performed in mdd samples.
the course of mdd may be associated with brain aging modifications , including hippocampal , amigdalar and frontal volume reductions.
the data suggest that both cortical and subcortical alterations may interact along the progression of mdd.
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) have reciprocal relationship and share common pathophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system.
depression and diabetes negatively affect cognitive function and are independent risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer‟s disease ( ad ) .
it has been hypothesized that alterations in the production and processing of amyloid beta ( aβ ) may be the principal pathological process in ad.
furthermore , it has been increasingly demonstrated that a long preclinical course precedes ad.
a derivative of this observation is the hypothesis that a convergent pathophysiological substrate subserving mdd and dm may promote beta amyloid ( aβ ) deposition.
background and purpose : extensive skin wrinkling during facial expressions is one of the considerable problems in aesthetic dermatology.
methods : linear and post-buckling analyses were performed on soft elastic laminate models using the finite element method.
a simplified multilayer model of human skin was employed to examine the contribution of skin's multilayer structure to the large-wrinkle mechanism.
microrelief was included in the model to assess its effect on the mechanism.
results : a large wrinkle was observed as dermal buckling following a number of buckling events on the stratum corneum.
the existence of microrelief had an effect on the suppression of dermal buckling.
conclusion : skin's multilayer structure should play a major role in the appearance of large wrinkles on human skin via its post-buckling behavior.
this study suggested that fine microrelief on the skin surface hampers large wrinkles.
these findings should be valuable for the development of cosmetic or medical treatments to prevent unfavorable skin deformations.
hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs-aging ) is a common high-morbidity neurodegenerative condition in elderly persons.
overall , @number@ research volunteers with hs-aging and @number@ controls were included ; detailed neuropathologic data were available for all.
to test for evidence of gene-gene interactions and genotype-phenotype relationships , pooled data were analyzed.
the presence of multiple risk genotypes was associated with a trend for additive risk for hs-aging pathology.
we conclude that multiple genes play important roles in hs-aging , which is a distinctive neurodegenerative disease of aging.
research on trust in health care faces two enduring challenges.
firstly , there are conceptual ambiguities in distinguishing trust from related concepts , such as confidence or dependence.
second , the tacit understandings which underpin the ' faith ' element of trust are difficult to explicate.
over the past few years it has become clear that mitochondria are not merely the powerhouses of cells.
proteome-analyses of mitochondria from different organisms and organs revealed that more than @number@ proteins are localized in and / or on mitochondria.
this suggests that many of these proteins have other , as yet unknown functions.
therefore , these differences have to be considered when targeting proteins for therapeutic approaches.
iron is an essential co-factor for many enzymes that catalyze electron transfer reactions.
conversely , controlled ros production has been recognized as an integral part of cellular signaling.
elevated ros concentrations are associated with aging , inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
anti-aging properties have been attributed especially to antioxidant phenolic plant metabolites that represent food additives in our diet.
the obtained results accentuate phenolic acids as the more specific antioxidants compared to ascorbic acid and trolox.
flavonoid redox chemistry depends more on the chemical milieu , specifically on ph.
purpose of review : this article provides a practical clinical approach for the role of exercise in the treatment and management of neurologic disorders.
summary : significant evidence-based data exists confirming the positive effects of exercise in otherwise healthy populations.
good evidence also exists that physical activity may benefit people with long-term neurologic conditions.
despite this evidence , exercise is often neglected in patients with normal aging or neurologic disease progression.
neurologists should counsel patients on this therapeutic adjunct and provide specific recommendations when possible.
a genome-wide association study ( gwas ) of usual sleep duration was conducted using @number@ population-based cohorts totaling @number@ @number@ individuals of european ancestry.
genome-wide significant association was identified at two loci.
this finding was replicated in an african-american sample of @number@ individuals ( lowest p = 9.3 × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
understanding the mechanisms underlying these associations may help elucidate biological mechanisms influencing sleep duration and its association with psychiatric , metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
to characterize the neuroanatomical changes in healthy older adults is important to differentiate pathological from normal brain structural aging.
the global annualized rate of gm was @number@ cm3 / year ( @number@.83% / year ) .
the highest rates of regional gm loss were found in the frontal and parietal cortices , middle occipital gyri , temporal cortex and hippocampus.
the global annualized rate of gm atrophy remained constant throughout the age range of the cohort , in both sexes.
the present study reports a global and regional description of the annualized rate of grey matter loss and its evolution after the age of @number@
objective : telomere length is a marker of biological aging that has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk.
the black south african population is witnessing a tremendous increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease , part of which might be explained through urbanization.
ethnicity did not significantly interact with any covariates in determining telomere length , including psychosocial characteristics.
conclusions : black south africans showed markedly shorter telomeres than did white south african counterparts.
age , male sex , and hiv status were associated with shorter telomere length.
no interactions between ethnicity and biomedical or psychosocial factors were found.
ethnic difference in telomere length might primarily be explained by genetic factors.
blood oxygenation level-dependent ( bold ) signal changes are often assumed to directly reflect neural activity changes.
yet the real relationship is indirect , reliant on numerous assumptions , and subject to several sources of noise.
in addition to conspicuous local structural and vascular changes after stroke , there are many less obvious challenges in the imaging of stroke populations.
most stroke patients are also older than the young populations on which assumptions of neurovascular coupling and the typical analysis pipelines are based.
as a result , estimating neural activity using the canonical hemodynamic response function is inappropriate in a number of contexts.
we review methods designed to better estimate neural activity in stroke populations.
one promising alternative to event-related fmri is a resting-state-derived functional connectivity approach.
sarcopenia is characterized by decreases in both muscle mass and muscle function.
anabolic resistance is also a hallmark of a sedentary lifestyle at any age.
however , even acute bouts of activity can restore the sensitivity of older muscle to dietary protein.
objective : we investigated the role of metformin on glucose kinetics during moderate exercise.
glucoregulatory hormones and metabolites were measured throughout the study.
results : plasma glucose concentration was unchanged during exercise in con but decreased in dm2.
no significant change was found in dm2 + met.
free fatty acid levels were lower in dm2 + met than in dm2 ( auc @number@ ± @percent@ ) .
conclusions : metformin has a positive effect on glucose homeostasis during exercise.
by @number@ @number@ waves had been completed ; both face-to-face and telephone personal interviews were conducted.
objective performance data for physical and cognitive function were also collected.
the alsa data are held at the flinders centre for ageing studies , flinders university.
procedures for data access , information on collaborations , publications and other details can be found at [ @url@
therefore , diffusion will occur at a different concentration gradient in each treatment cycle subsequent to the injection.
this leads to a different peak concentration just prior to the next monthly injection.
thus , doses of anti-vegf may have to be tapered to decrease the concentration gradient and to slow down the rate of diffusion of vegf.
diffusivity of bruch's membrane with regards to vegf is a simple concept that can explain the variable response to anti-vegf treatment in wet amd.
if validated through clinical trial the treatment protocol for wet amd can be more precise and tailored to individual patients.
reaching is an important component of daily activities with goals to interact and acquire objects in the environment.
this study examined age differences in postural stability during a forward reach under two task contexts , grasping versus pointing to a target.
young and older participants living in the community performed the tasks from the standing position.
they reached forward , grasped or pointed to a target , and then returned to an upright posture as fast as possible.
in addition , during the return movement phase , only older participants showed a context-dependent increase in cop path deviations after grasping compared to pointing.
the results highlight the impact of task context on postural stability during standing reach in young and older adults.
interventions for older adults with balance problems should consider incorporating activities that involve the interaction with objects of various properties in the environment.
background : increasing evidence indicates that proteotoxicity plays a pathophysiologic role in experimental and human cardiomyopathy.
in organ-specific amyloidoses , soluble protein oligomers are the primary cytotoxic species in the process of protein aggregation.
while isolated atrial amyloidosis can develop with aging , the presence of preamyloid oligomers ( paos ) in atrial tissue has not been previously investigated.
immunohistochemistry was performed for paos using a conformation-specific antibody , as well as for candidate proteins identified previously in isolated atrial amyloidosis.
using a myocardium-specific marker , the fraction of myocardium colocalizing with paos ( pao burden ) was quantified ( green / red ratio ) .
atrial samples were obtained from @number@ patients , with a mean age of @number@.7±13.8 years.
most patients ( @percent@ ) were male , @percent@ had diabetes , @percent@ had hypertension , and @percent@ had coronary artery disease.
immunostaining detected intracellular paos in a majority of atrial samples , with a heterogeneous distribution throughout the myocardium.
mean green / red ratio value for the samples was @number@.11±0.1 ( range @number@ to @number@ ) , with a value ≥0.05 in @number@ patients.
atrial natriuretic peptide colocalized with paos in myocardium , whereas transthyretin was located in the interstitium.
adjusting for multiple covariates , pao burden was independently associated with the presence of hypertension.
conclusion : paos are frequently detected in human atrium , where their presence is associated with clinical hypertension.
the aim of the study was to validate a revised version of palmore's facts on aging quiz ( faq ) .
methods : a cross-sectional , exploratory study was conducted.
palmore's faq version @number@ and facts on aging mental health quiz were used as bases for the development of a revised faq instrument.
three researchers translated these instruments into dutch.
a panel of nine experts in geriatric research and gerontological care evaluated the translation and the face and content validity of the instrument.
we used a cross-sectional , exploratory design to assess its internal consistency and construct validity.
cronbach's alpha coefficients , exploratory factor analysis , and the known-groups technique were used for these analyses.
results : based on the experts ' consensus , a revised version of the faq , consisting of @number@ items , was produced.
using the known-groups technique , we validated the instrument , showing that it discriminates between the knowledge of first- and third-year nursing students.
the overall cronbach's coefficient of @number@ was acceptable and changed minimally ( from @number@ to @number@ ) when items were removed.
background : anticoagulation management is difficult in chronic kidney disease , with frequent supratherapeutic international normalized ratios ( inrs ≥ @number@ ) increasing hemorrhagic risk.
study design : prospective cohort study.
predictor : egfr , inr as time-dependent covariate , and their interaction in the pharmacogenetics cohort ; egfr in the reversal cohort.
results : in the pharmacogenetics cohort , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had egfrs < @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) .
patients with lower egfrs had a higher frequency of inr ≥ @number@ ( p < 0.001 ) .
risk of hemorrhage was affected significantly by egfr-inr interaction.
at inr < 4 , there was no difference in hemorrhage risk by egfr ( all p ≥ @number@ ) .
in the reversal cohort , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had egfrs < @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) .
limitations : limited sample size in the reversal cohort , unavailability of antibiotic use and urine albumin data.
conclusions : patients with lower egfrs have differentially higher hemorrhage risk at inr ≥ @number@
moreover , because the inr reversal rate is slower , hemorrhage risk is prolonged.
a total of @number@ subjects diagnosed clinically as alzheimer's dementia according to the nia-aa criteria for ad were included in the study.
the csf biomarkers aβ42 , t-tau , and p-tau181 were assessed.
the biomarker results were compared among mild and moderate to severe ad as defined in the nia-aa work group guidelines.
background : unsteady gait and falls are major problems for people with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
symmetric auditory cues at altered cadences have been used to improve walking speed or step length.
however , few people are exactly symmetric in terms of morphology or movement patterns and effects of symmetric cueing on gait steadiness are inconclusive.
results : without cues , pd participants had slower and less steady gait than ham or young.
gait symmetry was distinct from gait steadiness , and unaffected by cue symmetry or a diagnosis of pd , but associated with aging.
all participants maintained preferred gait symmetry and lag times independent of cue symmetry.
gait outcomes worsened for the two pd participants who reported discomfort to cued walking and had high new freezing of gait scores.
conclusions : it cannot be assumed all individuals benefit equally from auditory cues.
severity was similar to that for object recognition and visuospatial processing.
older and younger healthy groups did not differ from each other on these tests.
conclusions : social cognition is distinctly impaired in schizophrenia compared to healthy aging.
in high-income countries , life expectancy at age @number@ years has increased in recent decades.
in high-income countries , avoidable male mortality has fallen since @number@ because of decreases in avoidable cardiovascular deaths.
subjective wellbeing and health are closely linked to age.
but this pattern is not universal.
the relation between physical health and subjective wellbeing is bidirectional.
wellbeing might also have a protective role in health maintenance.
associations were independent of age , sex , demographic factors , and baseline mental and physical health.
we conclude that the wellbeing of elderly people is an important objective for both economic and health policy.
present psychological and economic theories do not adequately account for the variations in patterns of wellbeing with age across different parts of the world.
the association between cognitive impairment and mortality contributes to assessing cognitive impairment-related risk constellation in old age in the absence of manifest dementia.
design : an observational cohort study ( esther study ; 2000-present ) .
setting : german state of saarland.
results : during an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) died.
dose-response analyses with restricted cubic splines indicate a monotonic inverse relationship between cognitive function and mortality.
conclusion : cognitive impairment in the absence of manifest dementia is an important independent predictor of mortality , especially among men.
the administration of cognitive tests among older adults may provide relevant information for patient care and treatment decisions.
sources of funding : financial sponsors played no role in the design , execution , analysis and interpretation of data.
aging is associated with deficits in the ability to ignore distractions , which has not yet been remediated by any neurotherapeutic approach.
here , in parallel auditory experiments with older rats and humans , we evaluated a targeted cognitive training approach that adaptively manipulated distractor challenge.
training resulted in enhanced discrimination abilities in the setting of irrelevant information in both species that was driven by selectively diminished distraction-related errors.
neural responses to distractors in auditory cortex were selectively reduced in both species , mimicking the behavioral effects.
sensory receptive fields in trained rats exhibited improved spectral and spatial selectivity.
frontal theta measures of top-down engagement with distractors were selectively restrained in trained humans.
finally , training gains generalized to group and individual level benefits in aspects of working memory and sustained attention.
thus , we demonstrate converging cross-species evidence for training-induced selective plasticity of distractor processing at multiple neural scales , benefitting distractor suppression and cognitive control.
relative to aβ- cns , aβ + cns and aβ + mcis showed greater rates of cognitive decline , aβ accumulation , and hippocampal atrophy.
mutations in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene rb are involved in many forms of human cancer.
in this study , we investigated the early consequences of inactivating rb in the context of cellular reprogramming.
we found that rb inactivation promotes the reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state.
more broadly , this regulation of pluripotency networks and sox2 in particular is critical for the initiation of tumors upon loss of rb in mice.
adipose tissue plasticity mediated by inflammation is an important evolutionary achievement to survive seasonal climate changes.
it permits to store excessive calories and to release them if required , using inflammatory cells to remove the debris.
iron mediates electron transfer as an essential component of e.g. myeloperoxidase , hemoglobin , cytochrome c and ribonucleotide reductase.
conversely , unbound iron can catalyze oxidation of lipids , proteins , and dna.
to balance the essential with the potentially toxic function requires an efficient iron homoeostasis.
this is mediated by hepcidin's interaction with the iron-exporter ferroportin , to adapt intestinal iron absorption and body iron-sequestration to changes in demand.
obesity-induced inflammation interacts with both these mechanisms and disturbs iron availability by impairing its absorption , and by sequestering it in the reticuloendothelial system.
both mechanisms lead to anemia and reduce physical fitness which , in a vicious cycle , can support the development of pathological obesity.
thus , interaction between these two sets of beneficial regulatory mechanisms can become detrimental in situations of ample calorie supply.
the change from a mainly vegetarian fare to meat consumption went along with brain growth and increased insulin resistance to improve brain's glucose supply.
meat consumption increased iron bioavailability and , thus , physical and mental fitness.
the \ \ " proposes that group coordination , arms and fire abolished the survival advantage of lean individuals from predation.
thus , improved food security collides with the biologically evolved mechanisms to store excessive calories in preparation for a famine that never came.
background : balance deteriorates with age and fall related injuries are often linked to long-term disability and loss of independence in older adults.
methods : fifteen younger adults and eight older adults participated in the study.
subjects performed a step with self-selected step length onto the force plate to establish a single leg stance ( sls ) on their dominant leg.
measures from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging reflect changes in the substantia nigra of parkinson's disease.
it is the case , however , that partial volume effects from free water can bias diffusion measurements.
the bi-tensor diffusion model was introduced to quantify the contribution of free water and eliminates its bias on estimations of tissue microstructure.
here , we test the hypothesis that free water is elevated in the substantia nigra for parkinson's disease compared with control subjects.
we did not observe changes in either cohort for free-water-corrected fractional anisotropy or free-water-corrected mean diffusivity.
in this study , we demonstrated that the expression of ndfip1 decreased in 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-ohda ) -induced pd rats and 6-ohda-treated mes23.5 dopaminergic cells.
in addition , we demonstrated that overexpression of ndfip1 caused dmt1 + ire downregulation , resulting in the decreased iron influx and iron-induced neurotoxicity.
although ndfip1 knockdown led to decreased protein levels of dmt1 + ire , partially aggravated iron-induced neurotoxicity.
further experiments showed that 6-ohda-induced decrease in ndfip1 levels might be related to proteasomal and lysosomal activations and oxidative stress caused by 6-ohda.
the decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-i ) with aging is related to the neurobiological processes in alzheimer's disease.
igf-1 mediates effects of physical exercise on the brain , and cognition has a common pathophysiology with physical function , particularly with gait.
the aim of this study was to examine whether mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and slow gait are associated with the serum igf-1 level.
a population survey was conducted in @number@ participants ( mean age , @number@ years ) .
all cognitive functions and gait speed were associated with the igf-1 level ( p < @number@ ) .
telomere maintenance by telomerase is impaired in the stem cell disease dyskeratosis congenita and during human aging.
telomerase depends upon a complex pathway for enzyme assembly , localization in cajal bodies , and association with telomeres.
depletion of tric causes loss of tcab1 protein , mislocalization of telomerase and scarnas to nucleoli , and failure of telomere elongation.
dc patient-derived mutations in tcab1 impair folding by tric , disrupting telomerase function and leading to severe disease.
our findings establish a critical role for tric-mediated protein folding in the telomerase pathway and link proteostasis , telomere maintenance , and human disease.
objective : to examine whether adherence to the mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomere length , a biomarker of aging.
design : population based cohort study.
participants : @number@ disease-free women from nested case-control studies within the nurses ' health study with telomere length measured who also completed food frequency questionnaires.
results : greater adherence to the mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres after adjustment for potential confounders.
conclusion : in this large study , greater adherence to the mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres.
these results further support the benefits of adherence to the mediterranean diet for promoting health and longevity.
there are no approved therapies for muscle wasting in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) , which portends poor disease outcomes.
intervention groups did not differ at baseline.
gains in lean mass were significantly greater in the actriib.fc group than in the placebo group ( p < @number@ ) .
administration of actriib.fc was associated with greater gains in body weight ( p = @number@ ) and upper arm circumference than placebo.
serum cd4 ( + ) t-lymphocyte counts and siv copy numbers did not differ between groups.
administration of actriib.fc was associated with higher muscle expression of myostatin than placebo.
actriib.fc effectively blocked and reversed loss of body weight , lean mass , and fat mass in juvenile siv-infected rhesus macaques.
patients were categorized by malnutrition risk by must and mna-sf.
the group mean pa was @number@.6° ± @number@.1° ( @number@.4°-9.2° ) .
the mean pa for men was @number@.7° ± @number@.3° ( @number@.4°-9.2° ) , and for women it was @number@.5° ± @number@.7° ( @number@.8-6.0° ) .
group pa correlated with mna-sf score ( p = @number@ ) .
the general trend in mna-sf scoring was more consistent with these patterns as a group ; but requires clarification in larger cohorts.
future studies are necessary with an aim to improve and optimize care of frail older people.
the antiaging protein of klotho is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed in the kidney , parathyroid glands and choroid plexus of the brain.
the klotho protein exists in two forms , a full-length membrane form and a soluble secreted form.
the extracellular domain of klotho can be enzymatically cleaved off and released into the systemic circulation where it acts as β-glucuronidase and a hormone.
soluble klotho can be found in the blood , cerebrospinal fluid , and the urine of mammals.
klotho deficiency results in early appearance of multiple age-related disorders and premature death , whereas overexpression of klotho exerts the opposite effect.
accordingly , klotho protein is a powerful regulator of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane.
all those cellular transport regulations contribute in the aging suppressor role of klotho.
future studies will help to determine if the klotho protein regulates cell-surface expression of other transport proteins and is affecting underlying mechanisms.
the application of such a network dynamics concerns the sequence overweight / obesity / type ii diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
the appearance of human scalp hair is often tied to perceptions of youth and virility , especially in men.
hair loss , or alopecia and hair graying are commonly associated with advancing age and are frequently a source for emotional distress and anxiety.
our understanding of the complex molecular signals and mechanisms that regulate and influence the hair follicle has expanded in recent years.
by harnessing this understanding we are poised to address the esthetic concerns of aging hair.
evidence based management strategies for treatment of age-related hair changes are also reviewed.
as the proportion of older people increases , so will chronic disease incidence and the proportion of the population living with disability.
therefore , new approaches to maintain health for as long as possible in this age group are required.
carotenoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds found predominantly in fruit and vegetables that have been proposed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
such properties may impact on the risk diseases which predominate in older people , and also ageing-related physiological changes.
similarly , research to determine whether carotenoids consumed as supplements have similar benefits to increased dietary intake through whole foods , is still required.
increased lycopene intake may reduce prostate cancer progression , with a potential role for carotenoids at other cancer sites.
results confirmed that mox had a positive effect on colour density , even after @number@ months of bottle aging.
co-contractions were assessed as the period of overlap between activation intervals of ta and gl.
methods : this retrospective cohort study included @number@ pd patients with ≥2 apd prescriptions who initiated a modification of apd regimens in @number@
modification was assessed as changing from one apd to another and / or adding a new apd to an existing regimen.
nonadherence was measured using medication possession ratio < 0.8.
discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the effect of prior nonadherent behavior on initiating apd modifications.
generalized linear models were used to estimate the effect of initiating medication modifications on subsequent 3-month medical use and costs.
conclusions : prior nonadherence to apds might influence initiation of apd modification.
prescribers should consider patients ' medication adherence when changing apd regimens to lower the costs of medical services.
isoaspartate formation is a common type of protein damage normally kept in check by the repair enzyme protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase ( pimt ) .
creatine kinase activity decreased with age and was always lower in the hz mice.
these findings suggest the individual variation of human pimt levels may significantly influence the course of age-related central nervous system dysfunction.
chronic exposure to ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation causes sunburn , inflammatory responses , skin cancer , and photoaging.
photoaging , in particular , generates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) that stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase ( mapk ) signaling and transcription factors.
uv irradiation also activates matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) expression and inactivates collagen synthesis.
aaptamine , a marine alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge , has been reported to have antitumor , antimicrobial , antiviral , and antioxidant activities.
however , the photo-protective effects of aaptamine have not been elucidated.
aaptamine also decreased proinflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 , tumor necrosis factor-α , interleukin-1β , and nuclear factor-kappa b subunits in uvb-irradiated human keratinocytes.
in conclusion , we suggest that aaptamine represents a novel and effective strategy for treatment and prevention of photoaging.
we found that aimp3 / p18 expression significantly increased in senescent hmscs and in aged mouse bone marrow-derived mscs ( mbm-mscs ) .
aimp3 / p18 overexpression is sufficient to induce the cellular senescence phenotypes with compromised clonogenicity and adipogenic differentiation potential.
to identify the upstream regulators of aimp3 / p18 during senescence , we screened for potential epigenetic regulators and for mirnas.
we found that the levels of mir-543 and mir-590-3p significantly decreased under senescence-inducing conditions , whereas the aimp3 / p18 protein levels increased.
taken together , our data demonstrate that aimp3 / p18 regulates cellular aging in hmscs possibly through mir-543 and mir-590-3p.
with the increasing number of older drivers , road traffic safety is an urgent public health issue.
it is not easy for older drivers or their relatives to detect early signs of dangerous driving behaviors.
we examine the types of driving behavior that increase in frequency with age.
information about these driving behaviors should be given to drivers and their stakeholders and used to caution participants when implementing educational programs for older drivers.
self-assessment of driving ability in older drivers provides useful information to raise awareness of their driving performance.
results showed that the contribution of age to different diseases was varied.
increase in life expectancy was associated with relatively old age at the time of death for five of seven diseases.
for cancer and diseases of the circulatory system , increase in life expectancy was associated with relatively younger age at the time of death.
these findings indicate that chronic diseases may occur independently of aging and may have a programmed onset pattern.
background : the understanding of facial fat volume change with aging is essential for facial rejuvenation.
the aim of this study was to investigate aging-related alterations of midfacial fat thickness ( ft ) using computed tomographic images.
the body mass index of the patients was limited to @number@.0±2 kg / m2.
results : the interrater reliabilities for each measured point were excellent ( overall intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.94 ) .
there was no significant difference in the tfts of each point among the age groups ( all p > 0.05 ) .
the fts of the mid-cheek exhibited almost no change among the age groups ( all p > 0.05 ) .
conclusion : this study suggests that the midfacial fat pad is thickened in the elderly and that there is a site specificity in the alteration.
micrornas are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.
micrornas reflect individual biologic adaptation to exposures in the environment.
we performed a systematic review of three scientific databases.
we included studies reporting on circulating micrornas associated with exercise , diet , and weight loss in humans.
of @number@ studies identified in our comprehensive database search , @number@ were selected for inclusion.
twelve reported on micrornas associated with exercise , and two reported on micrornas associated with diet and weight loss.
the majority of studies used a quasiexperimental , cross-sectional design.
data from several studies support an association between circulating micrornas and exercise.
the evidence for an association between circulating micrornas and diet is weaker because of a small number of studies.
future directions include longitudinal studies to determine if circulating micrornas are predictive of response to behavioral interventions.
skin aging appears to be principally attributed to a decrease in type i collagen level and the regeneration ability of dermal fibroblasts.
we hypothesized that vegetable peptones promote cell proliferation and production of type i collagen in human dermal fibroblasts.
therefore , we investigated the effects of vegetable peptones on cell proliferation and type i collagen production and their possible mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts.
vegetable peptones significantly promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.
moreover , the vegetable peptones activated p90 ribosomal s6 kinase , which was mediated by activating the raf-p44 / 42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
furthermore , the vegetable peptone-induced increase in cell proliferation and type i collagen production decreased upon treatment with the erk inhibitor pd98059.
cyclase associated protein ( cap ) is a highly conserved protein with roles in actin dynamics and many cellular processes.
two isoforms exist in higher eukaryotes , cap1 and cap2.
cap1 is ubiquitously expressed whereas cap2 shows restricted tissue distribution.
in mice , ablation of cap2 leads to development of cardiomyopathy.
cap2 is expressed in skin.
in human skin its expression is increased in wounds.
in vitro cultured cap2 deficient keratinocytes showed reduced velocity and a delay in scratch closure.
the analysis of primary mutant fibroblasts also showed reduced velocity and less contractibility.
they had extended protrusions and more focal adhesions.
in addition the f-actin content was increased keeping the total actin content unaltered.
mutant fibroblasts furthermore exhibited an altered response during recovery from drug-induced disruption of the actin cytoskeleton.
interestingly , cap1 was upregulated in knockout unwounded skin and in wounds which might partially compensate for the loss of cap2.
the muscle cell is multinuclear and each nucleus controls transcriptional activity in the surrounding territory of cytoplasm called myonuclear domain ( mnd ) .
mnd size varies with the fiber type and is inversely proportional to the muscle fiber oxidative capacity.
during ageing-related atrophy , myonuclei are not lost but an unequal distribution is reported.
ageing myonucleus still responds to resistant exercise and hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) by enhancing its transcriptional capacity.
thus the mnd size is far from constant and modulates itself to contribute to the muscle remodeling in various conditions.
regular physical activity is protective against , and beneficial for , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , dementia , and alzheimer's disease.
the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unknown although it has been suggested that exercise-induced changes in the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion may be implicated.
at baseline , fitness measures were positively correlated with peak levels of cortisol and a greater fall in cortisol concentration from peak levels to midday.
the exercise intervention successfully increased fitness and resulted in a greater fall in cortisol concentration from peak to midday , compared with the control group.
the exercise intervention enhanced indices of executive function , although memory , mood , and functionality were not affected.
males typically outperform females on spatial tasks , beginning early in life and continuing into adulthood.
for the mrt , males scored higher than females , but only in emerging adulthood.
however , in spite of these advantages , genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) with longitudinal data have rarely been analyzed taking this into account.
furthermore , we analyzed the gwas of eight phenotypes with three observations on each individual in the korean association resource ( kare ) .
altered epigenetic regulation may potentially influence fetal endocrine programming and brain development across several generations.
only recently , however , more attention has been paid to possible transgenerational effects of stress.
in this review we discuss the evidence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of stress exposure in human studies and animal models.
the consideration of ancestral and prenatal stress effects on lifetime health trajectories is critical for improving strategies that support healthy development and successful aging.
this study evaluated whether physical activity ( pa ) , computerized cognitive training and / or a combination of both could improve cognition.
physical fitness assessments were performed at all time points.
one hundred and ninety-one participants completed the study and the data of @number@ participants were included in the final analysis.
the higher cerebral glucose metabolism in this brain region was positively associated with improved verbal memory seen in the combined group only.
diagnostic labels ( alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , cognitive impairment / dementia , brain injury / insult ) were listed for @number@ cases.
a physician evaluation is required for license review.
this latter finding suggests that physicians and family members may understand cognitive symptoms differently.
whether cognitively impaired or not , few family reported drivers in this sample ( ∼2% ) retained a valid license.
many cross-sectional studies of neighbourhood effects on health do not employ strong study design elements.
aminosugars produced in the hexosamine pathway ( hp ) are utilized in protein glycosylation reactions involved in protein maturation and cellular signaling.
recent evidence revealed a role of the hp in protein quality control and ageing.
elevation of the hp product udp-n-acetylglucosamine in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans results in resistance towards toxic aggregation-prone proteins , and extended lifespan.
glutamine-fructose @number@ phosphate aminotransferase ( gfat-1 ) , the hp's key enzyme , is a target of the unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
thus , cardiac stress in mice results in gfat-1 activation that triggers a cytoprotective response.
feeding of glucosamine to aged mice increases their life expectancy.
here we discuss hp activation and cellular protein quality control mechanisms that result in stress resistance and suppression of age-related proteotoxicity.
we examined the effect of a task-irrelevant dimension on response times in young adults and seniors.
we observed two age-related effects.
we conclude that aging may impair the ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental circumstances when they require reformulating current behavioral strategies.
the proposed algorithm can be used to automatically label a novel scan with any of the protocols from the training data.
further , it enables us to generate new labels that are not present in any delineation protocol by defining intersections on the underling labels.
finally , we propose a novel generative label fusion model that can overcome these drawbacks.
we also evaluated the proposed algorithm in an aging study , successfully reproducing some well-known results in cortical and subcortical structures.
here , we examined age-related differences in spatial attention by comparing healthy older and younger adults.
furthermore , target-evoked sensory components were enhanced for attended relative to unattended targets in both younger and older groups.
mounting evidence suggests reconceptualizing osteoarthritis ( oa ) as an inflammatory disorder.
trauma and obesity , the common risk factors of oa , could trigger the local or systemic inflammatory cytokines cascade.
all comedians were given a subjective score from @number@ ( relatively funny ) to @number@ ( hilariously funny ) by the study investigators.
conclusions : these data suggest that elite comedians are at increased risk of premature death compared to their less funny counterparts.
daily temperature measures are commonly used when examining the association between temperature and mortality.
in this article , monthly stratified analysis modeling for mortality is conducted for the total population as well as the stratified elderly and younger subgroups.
we identified the most significant time during the day that is associated with daily mortality.
this phenomenon remains true for lagged hourly temperature measures and the changing patterns of associations from january through december are revealed.
in summary , people are the most vulnerable to temperature variations in the early morning around @time@ and the night time around @time@ .
early and definitive diagnosis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) can lead to a better and more-targeted treatment and / or prevention for patients.
these plasma samples were selected from postmortem specimens based on these pathological examinations.
firstly , we compared these hilic columns for the non-targeted metabolic assay using pooled plasma.
a total of @number@ peaks were evaluated in order to identify useful ion signal candidates using an orthogonal partial analysis.
the burden of pleural diseases continues to rise and affects an increasingly complex and aging patient population.
as such , medical thoracoscopy is ideally positioned as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of unexplained exudative pleural effusions.
arterial stiffness is an established marker of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and a potential therapeutic target.
while hypertension and aging are established factors contributing to arterial stiffness , the role of inflammation in stiffening of the arteries is less well understood.
we discuss potential opportunities to assess the impact of anti-inflammatory interventions on arterial stiffness in subjects without primary inflammatory conditions.
we also review the effect of inflammation on wave reflections.
the purpose of this project was to improve dysphagia-screening processes in a tertiary veterans affairs medical center.
the dysphagia-screening tool was redesigned on the basis of frontline clinician feedback , clinical guidelines , user satisfaction , and multidisciplinary expertise.
the revised tool triggered a speech-language consult for positive screens and demonstrated higher scores in user satisfaction and task efficiency.
systems redesign processes were effective for redesigning the tool and implementing practice changes with clinicians involved in dysphagia screening.
background : a dysregulated axis ( hpa ) is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment.
surprisingly , little agreement exists on the association of cortisol and cognitive impairment.
thus , we sought to examine the association between cognitive function and salivary cortisol levels in a representative sample of older men and women.
vwa domains are the predominant independent folding units within matrilins and mediate protein-protein interactions.
mutations in the matrilin-3 vwa domain cause various skeletal diseases.
the analysis of the pathological mechanisms is hampered by the lack of detailed structural information on matrilin vwa domains.
attempts to resolve their structures were hindered by low solubility and a tendency to aggregation.
the focus was on expression in escherichia coli , as this allows incorporation of isotope-labeled amino acids , and on finding conditions that enhance solubility.
however , such proteins did still not crystallize and allowed only partial peak assignment in nmr.
moreover , bacterially expressed matrilin vwa domains differ in their solubility and functional properties from the same domains expressed in eukaryotic cells.
structural studies of matrilin vwa domains will depend on the use of eukaryotic expression systems.
feelings of guilt are associated with widespread self and social cognitions , e.g. , empathy , moral reasoning , and punishment.
both the ips and rbs were negatively related to the rgmd in the right posterior insula ( pi ) .
these findings at the whole-brain level are the widespread comprehensive neural network regions for guilty feelings.
background : a key principle of acute surgical service provision is the establishment of a distinct patient flow process and an emergency theatre.
time-to-theatre ( ttt ) is a key performance indicator of theatre efficiency.
we examined our institution's experience with running a designated emergency theatre for acute surgical patients.
methods : a retrospective review of an electronic prospectively maintained database was performed between @date@ and 31 / @date@ .
delays and the economic effects were assessed only after the first @number@ h as an in-patient had elapsed.
results : in total , @number@ procedures were performed.
overall mean ttt was @number@ h , @number@ min.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) waited greater than @number@ h for emergency procedures.
conclusion : one third of patients waited longer than @number@ h for emergency surgery , with the elderly disproportionately represented in this group.
aside from the clinical risks of delayed and out of hours surgery , such practices incur significant additional costs.
new strategies must be devised to ensure efficient access to emergency theatres , investment in such services is likely to be financially and clinically beneficial.
background : the relationship between the pathophysiology of dementia and neuroinflammation is well-known.
the number of reports stating that depression is a risk factor for dementia has recently been increasing.
these epidemiological findings suggest the possibility that both depression and dementia have common pathophysiological backgrounds of neuroinflammation.
methods : the sample consists of @number@ non-demented community-dwelling older participants aged @number@ years or over.
participants were assessed at baseline ( 2004-2006 ) and @number@ years later ( 2007-2009 ) .
all analyses were adjusted for age , gender and years of education.
in the longitudinal analysis , none of our inflammatory biomarkers were associated with either depressive symptoms or cognitive decline.
limitations : the present study consists of small number of participants and body mass index ( bmi ) scores were not obtained.
conclusions : our findings suggest that sil-2r is associated with current cognitive function in men.
of our inflammatory markers predicted future depressive state or cognitive decline in our community-dwelling healthy older sample.
numerous studies have investigated age-based declines in semen traits , but the impact of paternal age on semen parameter values remains inconclusive.
unexpectedly , sperm concentration did not decline with increasing male age , even though we found that sperm concentration declined over time.
dysregulation or loss of orexin signaling has been linked to narcolepsy , obesity , and age-related disorders.
we next explore rodent models of orexin in aging , presenting evidence that orexin loss contributes to age-related changes in sleep and energy balance.
in the next section , we focus on clinical importance of orexin in human obesity , sleep , and aging.
finally , we present a summary of recent studies of orexin in neurodegenerative disease.
here , we focus on damage associated molecular patterns or damps as a potentially important nexus in the context of this lethal alliance.
this is then followed by discussions on some of the damp-mediated neuroinflammatory responses involved in chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
a variety of visual capacities show significant age-related alterations.
there was a significant age-related reduction in canceling contrast at @number@ hz , but not at @number@ hz.
we find no age-related change in induction magnitude in the @number@ hz condition.
we interpret the age-related decline in grating induction magnitude at @number@ hz to reflect a diminished capacity for inhibitory processing at higher temporal frequencies.
average induction magnitude was invariant with age for both test field heights.
there was a significant age-related reduction in perceived contrast of stimuli in the lvf versus uvf for both real and induced gratings.
ala cream of @percent@ was applied to pdt regions for 2h prior to light irradiation.
treatment was repeated once.
the function and volume of thyroid were also measured.
results : after red-light-pdt , ipl-pdt and ipl treatment , the appearance of photoaging lesion was improved.
the sc hydration , l ( ) value , elasticity and thickness increased , whereas the tewl and mi value decreased.
these changes in red-light-pdt and ipl-pdt group were more obvious than ipl group.
the a ( ) and ei value increased in red-light-pdt group.
no significant change was noticed in red-light group.
partial irradiation of the thyroid did not affect the function and volume of the thyroid.
conclusion : ipl-pdt and red-light-pdt showed better rejuvenation effect than ipl or red light alone on the neck skin.
the maintenance of a high level of performance in aging has often been associated with changes in cerebral activations patterns for various cognitive components.
only local activity differences were found between age groups.
these marginal neurofunctional changes in high-performing older adults are discussed in terms of task demands.
environmental context is widely recognized as a critical influence on older adults ' well-being.
disorderly conditions , in particular , are believed to threaten health and to potentially accelerate functional decline.
results indicate a weak / moderate correlation between neighborhood and household disorder ( r = @number@ ) .
neighborhood disorder , moreover , was associated with incident functional limitations only among the most educated seniors.
the experience of depression is diverse based on social locations and context.
this article examines older men's accounts of their depression experience from a social constructionist approach.
we show how older men construct depression accounts in which they integrate biological and social factors associated with feeling a loss of control.
this is experienced as a shamed masculine self given their inability to perform manhood acts , which leads them to severe social bonds.
depression in older men is characterized by an ongoing negotiation of limited statuses and roles given dominant conceptions of masculinity.
context : over the history of palliative care provision in ireland , services have predominantly provided care to those with cancer.
previous estimates of palliative care need focused primarily on specialist palliative care and included only a limited number of nonmalignant diseases.
the secondary aim was to consider the quality of irish data available for this population-based estimate.
the method developed by murtagh et al. was used to give a population-based palliative care needs estimate , encompassing generalist and specialist palliative care need.
results : during the period 2007-2011 , there were @number@ deaths.
the majority of deaths , @percent@ ( @number@ ) , were among those ≥65 years.
there was a @percent@ ( @number@ ) increase in deaths of those ≥85 years.
deaths from dementia increased by @percent@ , with an increase in deaths from neurodegenerative disease ( @percent@ ) and cancer ( @percent@ ) .
new models of palliative care may be required to address this.
background : tetralogy of fallot ( tof ) is a common cyanotic congenital heart disease with increasingly recognized late morbidity.
methods : data on tof patients were retrieved from database records from @number@ to @number@
complications and therapies were identified by their respective codes.
results : we identified @number@ tof patients ( prevalence @number@.63 / 1000 in pediatric patients and @number@.06 / 1000 in adult patients ) .
the occurrence of arrhythmias was associated with higher mortality ( excluding cardiac surgical death , @percent@ vs @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
tachycardia therapy ( ablation and implantable ) was administered in @percent@ ( annually @percent@ ) of patients with nonperioperative tachycardia.
risk of atrioventricular block requiring a pacemaker was @percent@.
conclusion : arrhythmias are common in tof patients and increase mortality risk.
medical needs because of tachycardia often appear late in adulthood.
obese older adults with even modest functional limitations are at a disadvantage for maintaining their independence into late life.
however , there is no established intervention for obesity in older individuals.
mediterranean diet is a term used to describe the traditional eating habits of people in crete , south italy and other mediterranean countries.
it is a predominantly plant-based diet , with olive oil being the main type of added fat.
there are many observational studies exploring the potential association between adherence to the mediterranean diet and cognitive decline.
the present review focuses on longitudinal studies with repeated cognitive assessments.
the synergistic association-effect of these lifestyle behaviors , including diet , is unknown.
lifestyle patterns may constitute a new research and public health perspective.
lamins are nuclear intermediate filament ( if ) proteins.
they assemble to fibrous structures that are positioned between the inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin.
a small fraction of lamins is also present in the nucleoplasm.
lamins are required to maintain the nuclear structure and , together with their associated proteins , are involved in most nuclear activities.
mutations in lamins cause > 14 distinct diseases , called laminopathies , that include heart , muscle , fat and early aging diseases.
however , it is not clear how lamins are organized in vivo and how the disease mutations affect lamin organization and functions.
as ros / rns are short-lived molecules , these molecular signatures can thus execute the ultimate function of ros / rns.
there were no gender differences in the development of emotional autonomy.
family cohesion and life satisfaction showed significant negative associations with emotional autonomy and these associations became more pronounced as participants moved from adolescence into adulthood.
four hundred danish emerging adults ages 17-29 were surveyed regarding their conceptions of adulthood and their self-assessments of their adult status.
a majority of the 17-24-year-olds and nearly half the 25-29-year-olds viewed themselves as being adults in some ways but not others.
participants reported feeling most adult when with co-workers or romantic partners , and least adult with mothers , fathers , or friends.
the most widely-endorsed criteria for adulthood were accepting responsibility for one's self , making independent decisions , and becoming financially independent.
among the least-endorsed criteria were the traditional transition events of entering marriage and parenthood , as well as \ "avoid becoming drunk. \ "
vitamin e is an important antioxidant that primarily protects cells from damage associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals.
the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress , which increases during ageing and is considered a major contributor to neurodegeneration.
high plasma vitamin e levels were repeatedly associated with better cognitive performance.
the difficulty in performing precise and uniform human studies is mostly responsible for the inconsistent outcomes reported in the literature.
therefore , the benefit of vitamin e as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate.
these results are discussed in relation to the two most influential models of sequential effects and to a novel account based on repetition priming.
background : clopidogrel resistance is more common in patients with loss-of-function cyp2c19 genotypes.
data were analysed according to cyp2c19 genotype.
np responsiveness did not predict ∆adp.
however there was no relationship between clopidogrel responses and either pge1 or np responsiveness in patients with loss of function mutations.
however , the relationship between wm and rt components is rarely examined in healthy aging.
age differences in anterior regions of the cerebral wm exceeded those in posterior regions.
thus , in healthy adults , age differences in nawm diffusion properties are not a major contributor to age differences in rt components.
obesity , sarcopenia , and osteoporosis are important widespread health problems that lead to high prevalence of both mortality and morbidity.
indeed , during the last decades , obesity and osteoporosis have become a major health threat around the world.
aging increases the risk of developing obesity , sarcopenia , osteoporosis , and , also , cardiovascular diseases.
this review will focus on the relationship among these different medical situations , trying to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms.
ageing of the neuromuscular system in elderhood ingravescently contributes to slowness , weakness , falling and death , often accompanied by numbness and pain.
a major focus currently is on some important , still enigmatic , aspects of the ageing neuromuscular system.
it is also includes some of the newest references of others on various closely-related aspects of this ageing system.
the article may help guide others in their molecular-based endeavors to identify paths leading to discovering new treatments and new pathogenic aspects.
these are certainly needed - our ageing and unsteady constituents are steadily increasing.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : neuromuscular diseases : pathology and molecular pathogenesis.
this study evaluates the effects of pre-rigor temperature control on quality traits of chinese yellow cattle m. longissimus lumborum ( ll ) .
quality attributes were evaluated at @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
the sc treatment resulted in decreased wbsf and increased myofibril fragmentation index compared with control.
sc-treated ll at 7d postmortem had a lower wbsf than those of cc-treated at 14d.
this pre-rigor temperature controlled chilling is a realistic alternative for the beef industry in china to ensure adequate tenderness and shorten aging time.
the investigated population consisted of @number@ individuals aged @number@ and more - participants of the population-based polsenior project.
pon1 arylesterase activity was determined spectrophotometrically , anti-ox-ldl antibodies using elisa method.
pon1 activity significantly decreased with advancing age , was lower in males than in females and decreased in persons with impaired cognition.
individuals with hypertension and high lipid levels showed higher pon1 activity.
lower pon1 activity was related to higher level of inflammation indicators - hscrp and il-6.
the significant association of pon1 activity with age , hdl-c , ldl-c , sex and il-6 was confirmed in multivariate analysis.
anti-ox ldl antibodies level was significantly higher in the two oldest subgroups of males.
it was significantly lower in males than in females.
it was decreased in persons with higher serum triglycerides.
no relationship of anti-ox ldl level with cognition , hypertension , metabolic syndrome , inflammation indicators and serum lipid levels was observed.
in some persons very high levels of anti-ox ldl were stated , most frequently in the oldest persons , particularly in men.
conclusion : both investigated antioxidant factors - pon1 activity and anti-ox ldl level , could play an important role in aging.
our aim was to establish a french version of the mcq and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a lifespan perspective.
we first tested the underlying factor structure of the mcq in a large sample of @number@ adults from aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
we confirmed a seven-factor order model that supports the construct validity of the questionnaire.
the reliabilities of the scales were good ( α > .70 ) to acceptable ( α = .66 and @number@ ) .
criterion validity was verified by means of significant correlations between health composites and mcq subscales.
gender and age affected most of the mcq subscales but not the level of education ( le ) .
conclusion : the mcq revealed to be a heuristic tool for assessing daily compensatory behaviors that are developed in order to achieve successful aging.
context : advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease.
objective : the objective of the study was to examine associations between ages and cognitive functions.
associations did not differ between individuals with and without diabetes.
source memory involves recollecting the contextual details surrounding a memory episode.
when source information is bound together , it makes a memory episodic in nature.
unfortunately , very little is known about the factors that contribute to its formation in early development.
this study examined the development of source memory in middle childhood.
measures of executive function were examined as potential sources of variation in fact and source recall.
continuous electroencephalogram ( eeg ) measures were collected during baseline and fact and source retrieval in order to examine memory-related changes in eeg power.
six and 8-year-old children were taught @number@ novel facts from two different sources and recall for fact and source information was later tested.
older children were better on fact recall , but both ages were comparable on source recall.
however , source recall performance was poor at both ages , suggesting that this ability continues to develop beyond middle childhood.
regression analyses revealed that executive function uniquely predicted variance in source recall performance.
task-related increases in theta power were observed at frontal , temporal and parietal electrode sites during fact and source retrieval.
this investigation contributes to our understanding of age-related differences in source memory processing in middle childhood.
an endothelial dysfunction generates a proatherogenic environment characterized by stimulating thrombus formation.
epidemiological studies have provided evidence of a protective role of healthy diets in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
in this article , we systematically examine the mechanisms of endothelium protection of hydroxycinnamic acids.
alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics place geriatric patients at an increased risk of experiencing an adverse drug event.
the incidence of medication-related adverse events can be decreased with careful selection of agents and appropriate dosage adjustments.
trauma is an increasingly common problem in geriatric patients ; fractures are frequent among the elderly.
life expectancy continues to rise.
advances in medical care allow people to live longer and better lives.
thus , geriatric patients are no longer confined to a life of inactivity.
they are out of their homes and interacting in the community , exercising and leading active lives.
thus , they are more likely to become injured and present to trauma centers for care.
aging has significant effects on the healing ability of the geriatric population.
when the elderly suffer injuries , they have a decreased metabolic reserve to handle the stress required to recover.
diseases of the elderly , such as malnutrition , diabetes mellitus , treatment of malignancies , and vascular disease , all impair tissue repair.
the geriatric population is more prone to pressure ulcers , venous stasis ulcers , and other chronic wounds.
this review discusses how changes in the elderly lead to impaired healing or chronic wounds.
prevention of these problems and their treatment are also discussed.
the geriatric faction of the surgical population is increasing , and malnourished , critically ill geriatric surgical patients have worse outcomes.
there are no unique diagnostic methods or treatment modalities in the care of the geriatric patient with aki.
more studies need to be performed to determine the optimal timing , intensity , and modality of rrt in the geriatric population.
successful perioperative respiratory care of the geriatric patient relies on careful risk assessment and optimization of pulmonary function and support.
cardiovascular diseases have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality and are likely to only increase as the geriatric population continues to grow.
cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent and influential comorbidity affecting outcomes in geriatric surgical patients.
the unique physiology of the aging cardiovascular system and the impact of these changes during the stress of surgery is presented in this article.
the necessary response to these changes is discussed with attention to methods of monitoring and recommendations for providing supportive care.
since @number@ the united states has been in the midst of a profound demographic change : the rapid aging of the population.
the baby boom generation began turning @number@ in @number@ and is now driving growth at the older ages of the population.
this article highlights geriatric demographic changes and illustrates how these and future trends will have wide ranging implications for the us health care system.
this study compared young people and older adults with depression to identify differences in suicidality between these groups.
suicide-related variables and predictive factors associated with significant suicidal ideation were compared between the two groups.
these data suggest that close attention should be paid to young people even in mild or moderate depression.
chronic microinflammation is a hallmark of many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic syndrome-driven diseases.
here we summarize recent work and suggest a conceptual model in which hypothalamic microinflammation is a common mediator of metabolic syndrome and aging.
spearman correlation coefficients were examined between these motivation scores and symptom ratings.
no other significant correlations between breq-2 and pecc scores were found.
conclusions : these findings provide evidence that negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in inpatients with schizophrenia.
future longitudinal research should confirm the current findings.
such research will guide physical activity approaches aimed at facilitating enhanced physical and mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
deconditioning effects are rapidly seen in the regulation of heart rate to compensate for physical modifications in blood volume and cardiac function.
reflex regulation of cardiovascular control during exercise by metaboreflex and baroreflex is altered by bed rest and spaceflight.
these models of extreme inactivity provide a reference to guide physical activity requirements for optimal cardiovascular health.
future incidence rates are estimated to increase within aging societies.
the progressive course of parkinson's disease is clinically characterised by bradykinesia , rigidity and tremor.
these limitations in motor functioning reduce the capacity to work , social participation and the clients ' quality of life.
parkinson's disease causes incapacity to work and a large number of days off from work.
the benefits clients expect from physiotherapy-led treatment include an improvement of gait , a better speed of motion and the decrease of fatigue and rigidity.
a lack of evidence exists on how to reduce fatigue and rigidity.
there is also need to evaluate long-term effects and cost-effectiveness.
furthermore , an updated meta-analysis should include eleven new randomised trials on treadmill training after @number@
physiotherapy-led treadmill training can easily be transferred into the german healthcare context since the environmental and educational preconditions are met by german physiotherapeutic care.
the national institute on aging-alzheimer's association revised criteria for ad provided a framework for this new thinking.
as a result of this growing understanding , several research efforts have launched or will be launching large secondary prevention trials in ad.
cerebral arteries on the brain base of @number@ adult cadavers of both genders and varying age and causes of death were dissected.
the images of the pcoa in @number@ fetuses were also reviewed.
there were no cases of id in fetuses.
id and aneurysms of the pcoa were found in 6 / 267 or @percent@ and 3 / 267 or @percent@ of adults , respectively.
bilaterally , id was found in @date@ cases.
there was only one case of id and aneurysm of the pcoa , but from the id.
we are of the opinion that id of the pcoa only develops postnatally and probably is due to the influence of hemodynamic factors or hypertension.
tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) -α induces matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) that may disrupt skin integrity.
levels of the collagenases mmp-8 and mmp-13 were insignificant and neither mmp-2 nor mmp-14 were associated with increased collagen degradation.
tnf-α increased secretion of mmp-1 ( p < 0.01 ) but had no impact on mmp-1 quantities in the tissue.
immunohistochemical analysis confirmed similar tissue mmp-1 expression with or without tnf-α with epidermis being the major source of mmp-1.
increased tissue-derived collagenolytic activity with tnf-α exposure was blocked by neutralizing mmp-1 monoclonal antibody and was not due to down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.
tnf-α increased production ( p < 0.01 ) , tissue levels ( p < 0.005 ) and catalytic activity of the endogenous mmp-1 activator mmp-3.
type i collagen degradation correlated with mmp-3 tissue levels ( rs = 0.68 , p < 0.05 ) and was attenuated with selective mmp-3 inhibitor.
type i collagen formation was down-regulated in cultured compared with native skin explants but was not reduced further by tnf-α.
tnf-α had no significant effect on epidermal apoptosis.
aging is generally accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and impairments in metabolic function.
however , it remains unknown whether such short periods of disuse also induce impairments in metabolic function within skeletal muscle.
in line , five days of disuse did not lower citrate synthase , β-had or cytochrome c oxidase activity in skeletal muscle tissue.
the skeletal muscle mrna expression of pgc1α and citrate synthase both declined following immobilization in both the young and elderly subjects.
stress is a major health burden in today's society.
research shows that negative cognitive styles are associated with increased stress reactivity , low mood and accelerated cellular aging.
our study sought to unravel the relationship between the content of self-generated thoughts and psychosocial stress measured in terms of axis and sympathetic activity.
features of self-generated thoughts were assessed using thought sampling while participants performed cognitive tasks following a stress induction or in a baseline condition.
our results indicate a fundamental link between the thoughts and stress levels we experience.
understanding the mechanisms governing this mind-body association may have important implications for understanding and counteracting the high incidence of stress-related disorders in today's society.
increased ssao activity and expression have been detected in cerebrovascular tissue and plasma of ad patients , colocalizing with cerebrovascular amyloid-beta ( aβ ) deposits.
as an enzyme , ssao metabolizes primary amines generating hydrogen peroxide , ammonia , and aldehydes.
however , whether the ssao increase constitutes a cause or it is a consequence of the pathologic process has not been elucidated so far.
in addition , ssao enhances aβ1-40 d and aβ1-42 deposition on vascular cells by both activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
therefore , molecules inhibiting ssao could provide an alternative treatment for preventing / delaying the progress of caa-ad-associated vasculopathy.
oral gamma-hydroxybutyrate also counteracted phosphoramidon-induced brain neprilysin inhibition and aβ accumulation.
hdacs activities in sh-sy5y cells were inhibited by gamma-hydroxybutyrate which did not affect amyloid peptide precursor intracellular domain.
together , our results suggest that gamma-hydroxybutyrate , acting via hdac inhibition , upregulates neprilysin to reduce aβ level and related memory deficits.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder.
approximately @percent@ of als patients are familial ( fals ) cases , and the remaining @percent@ are apparently sporadic ( sals ) cases.
the occurrence of de novo mutations in als genes might be an explanation for sals , but reduced penetrance could be an alternative theory.
interestingly , only @number@ fals patient had the fus mutation , whereas @number@ sals patients had mutations in this gene.
to determine if the fus mutations in sals were de novo , we performed genetic analysis on @number@ sals patients with living parents.
these findings support the notion that de novo mutations are responsible for a certain proportion of sals.
changes within normal-appearing white matter ( nawm ) in subjects with wmh have also been reported but have not yet been fully characterized.
here , we explored whether subcutaneous administration of fgf2 could have therapeutic effects in the app @number@ transgenic mouse , a model of amyloid pathology.
the decrease in aβ deposition was associated with a reduction in the expression of bace1 , the main enzyme responsible for aβ generation.
these results were confirmed in a neuroblastoma cell line , which demonstrated that incubation with fgf2 regulates bace1 transcription.
these data , therefore , suggest that systemic administration of fgf2 could have a potential therapeutic application in ad.
abnormally increased levels of tdp-43 are detected in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a downregulation of nf-l mrna.
however , links between nf-l and tdp-43 expressions are unclear.
our findings suggest that nf-l protein or mrna may negatively affect the expression of tdp-43 in the central nervous system.
however , altered phosphorylation of tdp-43 may be more highly associated with aging than the levels of tdp-43 expression.
therefore , this enzyme could play an important role in brain inflammation and neurodegeneration.
however , inhibition of puma may be beneficial for curbing excessive apoptosis associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a representative neurodegenerative disease in which amyloid-β ( aβ ) deposition causes neurotoxicity.
the regulation of puma during aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis remains poorly understood.
puma knockdown protected the neurons against aβ-induced apoptosis.
furthermore , besides p53 , puma transactivation was also regulated by forkhead box o3a through p53-independent manner following aβ treatment.
together , we demonstrated that puma activation involved in aβ-induced apoptosis , representing a drug target to antagonize ad progression.
beside amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles , brain oxidative damage has been constantly implicated in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
numerous studies demonstrated that f2-isoprostanes , markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation , are elevated in ad patients and mouse models of the disease.
previously , we showed that the 8-isoprostanef2α , ( 8iso ) increases brain amyloid-β levels and deposition in the tg2576 mice.
however , no data are available on its effects on behavior and tau metabolism.
to this end , we characterize the behavioral , biochemical , and neuropathologic effects of 8iso in the triple transgenic mouse model.
all these effects were blocked by pharmacologic blockade of the thromboxane receptor.
it provides important preclinical support to the neurobiological importance of the thromboxane receptor as an active player in the pathogenesis of ad.
two studies are presented in this regard in which the key intervention is a dha supplement.
the fist , the midas study demonstrated that dha can be of benefit for episodic memory in healthy adults with a mild memory complaint.
this leads to a consideration of the mechanisms of action and role of apoe and its modulation by dha.
the elderly are susceptible to many disorders that alter the gait pattern and could lead to falls and reduction of mobility.
one of the most applied therapeutical approaches to correct altered gait patterns is the insertion of insoles.
principal component analysis ( pca ) is a powerful method used to reduce redundant information and it allows the comparison of the complete waveform.
in addition , discrete values of lower limbs ' peak net moment and rom were also evaluated.
@number@ subjects walked with no wedges ( control condition ) and wearing six different wedges.
the discrete variables were peak joint net moments and rom in sagittal plane in knee and ankle.
two pcs explained @percent@ of the waveform variance.
three factor anova models tested main effects ( group , muscle and reach ) and interactions for pc scores.
significant ( p < .0125 ) group interactions were found for all pc scores.
in summary both older and younger adults recruit highly organized activation patterns in response to changing external moments.
thus , the purpose of this study was to examine the association between uhr performance with biomechanical measures of balance in seniors.
twenty-two older adults completed two testing sessions.
the first visit included uhr performance ; the second visit included dynamic and static motion analysis.
uhr performance was significantly associated with dynamic balance capability as measured by medial-lateral inclination angle during gait.
as indicated by an analysis of center of pressure , there were significant associations between uhr performance and measures of static balance.
balance is influenced by plantar flexor performance as measured by the uhr test.
we therefore suggest incorporating the uhr test in analyses of balance in seniors.
our goal was to demonstrate pst implementation feasibility and to identify pst's potential for reducing depressive symptoms in this geriatric health care setting.
follow-up assessments occurred @number@ weeks later ( after treatment ) and @number@ months posttreatment.
the basic analytic approach was based on an intention-to-treat analysis.
findings : we enrolled @number@ elderly subjects in the pst group and @number@ elderly subjects in the social contact comparison group.
the pst group experienced a decline in depression scores compared with the social contact group.
implementation proved to be difficult in terms of study recruitment and intervention acceptance and adherence.
compared to younger adults , older adults attend more to positive stimuli , a positivity effect.
attentional biases to facial expressions of happiness , sadness , fear , anger , and disgust were measured.
participants viewed @number@ slides including pairings of a happy face with each of the negative emotions.
the dependent measure was the relative attention paid to the faces on each slide.
however , the association between rit2 polymorphism and pd risk has not been positively replicated in asian population yet.
we detected the genotypes of rs12456492 in @number@ pd patients and @number@ control subjects from a han chinese population.
multiple gene expression alterations have been linked to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , implicating multiple metabolic pathways in its pathogenesis.
however , a clear distinction between ad-specific gene expression changes and those resulting from nonspecific responses to toxic aggregating proteins has not been made.
we investigated alterations in gene expression induced by human beta-amyloid peptide ( aβ ) in a caenorhabditis elegans ad model.
aβ-induced gene expression alterations were compared with those caused by a synthetic aggregating protein to identify aβ-specific effects.
both aβ-specific and nonspecific alterations were observed.
among aβ-specific genes were those involved in aging , proteasome function , and mitochondrial function.
an intriguing observation was the significant overlap between gene expression changes induced by aβ and those induced by cry5b , a bacterial pore-forming toxin.
this led us to hypothesize that aβ exerts its toxic effect , at least in part , by causing damage to biological membranes.
we provide in vivo evidence consistent with this hypothesis.
this study distinguishes between aβ-specific and nonspecific mechanisms and provides potential targets for therapeutics discovery.
here , we aim to determine whether this sequence is a risk factor in eastern chinese als patients.
therefore , @number@ unrelated sporadic als patients , @number@ unrelated familial als patients , and @number@ neurologically normal controls were studied.
the atxn2 cag repeats were amplified using polymerase chain reaction.
the products were separated on an @percent@ polyacrylamide gel and confirmed using sanger sequencing.
the results were evaluated using spss @number@
we found that atxn2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions greater than @number@ and @number@ repeats were associated with sporadic als.
our finding supports the hypothesis that atxn2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of als.
the newly identified mutant as well as known mutants rendered neuronal cells susceptible to oxidative stress.
the presence of the mutation in the japanese population extends the geographic region for involvement of the vcp gene in sporadic als to east asia.
mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely reported in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
in lymphoblastoid cell lines belonging to haplogroup b5a , we observed significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial mass.
hela cells with stable expression of the mt-atp6 gene with b5-defining variant m.8584g > a also showed a significantly decreased mitochondrial function.
hscs make a choice of either self-renewal or committing to differentiation.
the balance between self-renewal and differentiation is considered to be critical to the maintenance of stem cell numbers.
gene therapy applications that target hscs offer a great potential for the treatment of hematologic and immunologic diseases.
however , the clinical success has been limited by many factors.
background : research on aging has shown a significant decline in tom after @number@ years of age.
despite these age-related difficulties , no study has yet investigated the possibility to improve tom in older adults.
to address this gap we tested the efficacy of a conversation-based tom training with age-appropriate tom tasks and its transfer effects on metamemory.
all participants took part in two 2-h testing and to two 2-h training sessions.
crucially , the positive effect of the tom intervention generalized to metamemory knowledge.
conclusions : this is the first study investigating the efficacy of a tom training and its transfer effect on metacognition in older adults.
from a theoretical point of view , it supports the relation between tom and metamemory.
practical implications of these data are discussed.
methods : the data were from a nation-representative panel of older people in taiwan.
the participants completing both the @number@ and @number@ waves were included for analysis in this study ( n = 3228 ) .
descriptive analysis and generalized linear model were applied , and the samples were stratified by age groups and by sex.
results : the factors related to higher cognitive function at the intercept included being younger , male , higher education , and doing unpaid work.
there were age- and sex-differences in the factors related to cognitive function , particularly on the working status and social participation.
conclusion : different health promotion strategies to target these populations should be accordingly developed.
introduction : deficits of balance or postural control in persons of advanced age are one of the factors that influence the risk of falling.
the most appropriate treatment approaches and their benefits are still unknown.
results : @number@ articles were found in the literature.
a final selection of seven articles was used for the present manuscript.
results : health literacy was directly associated with sunlight exposure ( β = .20 , p < .01 ) .
conclusions : health literacy should be considered when educating older adults about vitamin d supplements and sunlight exposure.
providing relevant knowledge or making doctor recommendations might not be effective.
training should focus on individuals with low health literacy who may be less likely to receive sunlight exposure.
age-related decrements within the sensorimotor system may lead to alterations and impairments in postural control , but a link to a vestibular mechanism is unclear.
the purpose of the present study was to determine whether vestibular control of standing balance is altered with adult aging.
surface electromyography signals were sampled from the left soleus , medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.
a strong correlation between the tibialis anterior and the force response was also detected ( r = 0.80 , p < 0.01 ) .
in conclusion , net vestibular-evoked muscle responses led to smaller short and larger medium latency peak amplitudes in anteroposterior forces for the old.
technology can simplify the task and facilitate daily data collection.
this study aimed to validate the nana toolkit for data collection in the community.
forty participants aged @number@ years and over trialled the nana toolkit in their homes for three 7-day periods at four-week intervals.
anandamide is an endocannabinoid involved in several physiological functions including neuroprotection.
anandamide is synthesized on demand and its endogenous level is regulated through its degradation , where fatty acid amide hydrolase plays a major role.
the aim of this study was to characterize anandamide breakdown in physiological and pathological aging and its regulation by cb1 and cb2 receptor agonists.
this activity increases and decreases in aged rat cerebrocortical membranes and synaptosomes , respectively.
this modulation leads to a reduced availability of anandamide in alzheimer's disease and to an increased availability of this endocannabinoid in aging.
epigenetics , in turn , can cause and is associated with several neurodegenerative and aging-dependent human diseases.
alzheimer's disease certainly represents one of the most relevant neurodegenerative disorders due to its incidence and its huge socio-economic impact.
therefore , it is easy to understand why recent literature focuses on the epigenetic modifications associated with alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
therefore , we will probably have to re-define the current risk threshold for many factors , molecules and stresses.
this disparity combined with disappointing outcomes of anti-amyloid clinical trials challenges the centrality of aβ as principal mediator of neurodegeneration.
this model introduces four ideas : ( @number@ ) that aβ is a synaptic signaling peptide that becomes toxic in circumstances of metabolic stress.
( @number@ ) that axonal transport to and from neuron soma cannot account fully for high mitochondrial densities and other requirements of distant terminal axons.
( @number@ ) that neurons as specialists in information management , delegate generic support functions to astrocytes and other cell types.
this viewpoint implicates the brain's support system and its disruption by various age and disease-related insults as significant mediators of neurodegenerative disease.
a better understanding of this system should broaden concepts of neurodegeneration and facilitate development of effective treatments.
accumulation of dna damage has been linked to the process of aging and to the onset of age-related diseases including diabetes.
studies on progeroid syndromes have suggested that the dna damage response is involved in regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
dna damage could impair metabolic organ functions by causing cell death or senescence.
dna damage also could induce tissue inflammation that disturbs the homeostasis of systemic metabolism.
this review explores mechanisms by which the dna damage response could contribute to metabolic dysfunction.
this study explores rural elderly preferences for support across a multi-dimensional measure of elderly care needs.
the emphasis is on preferences for care and not actual care received.
the data are from focus group discussions conducted in seven villages in nang rong district , northeastern thailand.
for this study , in each village , male and female older persons aged @number@ and over participated in the focus group discussions.
as part of the discussion , focus group participants were asked to rank their first four preferences by type of support.
male and female older persons ' preferences were slightly different for genderized tasks.
in addition , social closeness and geographical proximity mattered.
traditional matrilocal residence patterns contributed to the perceptions of the older persons.
neighbors were preferred when kin were not available.
preferences inform strategic choices by older persons given the context of available resources.
understanding preferences and strategic choices among the older persons can help policy makers tailor programs more effectively and efficiently , without jeopardizing elderly well-being.
frail older adults are increasingly encouraged to be in control of their health care , in western societies.
however , little is known about how they themselves perceive control in health care.
therefore , this study aims to investigate the concept of health care-related perceived control from the viewpoint of frail older adults.
a qualitative interview study was conducted following a grounded theory approach.
data were analysed according to techniques of coding and constant comparison.
from this analysis constituting factors of perceived control emerged , providing elements of a conceptual model.
therefore , the concept does not only consist of people's own perceived efforts , but also includes the influence of external sources.
but does this catchphrase still have currency for the men and women in this cohort who are mostly now over the age of fifty ?
the sample comprised ten interview participants and fifty-seven internet survey respondents , aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
since the late 1980s , the concept of ' successful ageing ' has set the frame for discourse about contemporary ageing research.
in the first extract the audio-recorded transcript was examined for events of institutional talk and rephrasing of questionnaire questions.
we also examined the transcript for missed cues and the impact of closed questions when administrating questionnaires to older people living in care home facilities.
we then present an extract where the researcher uses a conversational approach during the administration of the same questionnaire.
despite growing recognition in health and care services of the necessity for client engagement , it is still not easily put into practice.
this is owing to a range of factors relating to participating staff and clients , as well as the broader institutional context.
one of the central factors affecting client engagement is the challenge it poses to traditional power relations inherent in care relationships and contexts.
this paper presents an exploration of client engagement practices within a large aged care service provider in australia.
this reflects a tension between passive and empowered client roles in the context of aged care provision.
the results reveal the complexity of how one handles the material room.
most evident is the participants ' reluctance to acquire new objects or even to replace broken things.
nearly all of them had considered , but few had started , a process of sorting out objects.
some objects of special value and other cherished objects materialized the connections between generations within a family.
some participants wanted to spare their children the burden of having to decide on what to do with their possessions.
others ( mostly men ) , on the contrary , relied on their children to do the sorting out after they had died.
initially the aim of this article was to discuss and define aging at the intersection point between biology and sociology.
the author emphasizes that there is a need to update current definitions of aging , or to formulate new multidisciplinary ones.
the author suggests that ( besides biology , psychology and sociology ) the technological discipline should be included in the integrative gerontology model.
finally , in this article a new definition of aging is put forward.
this paper addresses ageing and embodiment and explores how age is negotiated in interaction using membership categorisation work.
data were derived from group and individual interviews with home-dwelling retirees in the faroe islands.
the analysis also demonstrated how health as a moral discourse was actualised during the interviews.
staying active and in good health were not just talked about as ways to achieve personal well-being.
research on the phenomenon has focused mainly on individual and dyadic perspectives of the repartnered.
the aim of this article was to explore repartnering from the stepfamily's perspective , which has scarcely been studied.
we audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim @number@ semi-structured , qualitative interviews with older partners , their adult children , and grandchildren.
analysis was based on grounded theory and dyadic analysis principles adapted to families.
it showed how repartnering in old age changed the family structure , constructing complex stepfamilies , which require further study.
emotional experiences refer to repartnering being a replacement for couplehood but not for parenthood / grandparenthood.
findings are discussed regarding life course and family life cycle perspectives.
we address the methodological challenges involved in enabling culturally meaningful participation in circumstances where the non-verbal is not equivalent to the non-linguistic.
we demonstrate the use of interpretative narrative representation of data for purposes of cultural brokering.
finally , we consider the significance of the situational as cultural in relation to holistic interpretation of narrative.
longer lives and extended retirement have created a ' young old age ' stage of life.
how people spend their \ "young old age \ " has become increasingly important.
in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data and an adapted grounded theory approach was used for data analysis.
findings reveal many common characteristics for both groups of research participants.
purpose of the study : the process of involving older clients with regard to their care arrangements has been the subject of previous studies.
findings : there were many similarities between the seven organisations with regard to the proposed practice improvements.
in late modern circumstances , aging individuals are confronted with the task of creating a meaningful individual life trajectory.
however , these personal narratives are situated in the context of broader cultural narratives.
this complicates the ascription of meaning to later life.
we argue that narrative gerontology could profit from integrating a more cultural critical stance in its investigations.
dominant cultural narratives need to be challenged by viable counter narratives aimed at repairing and strengthening the moral agency of aging individuals.
textual and visual representations of age are instructive as they suggest ideals towards which individuals should strive and influence how we perceive age.
through a content analysis and a visual textual analysis , we examined how older men were depicted in the magazine images and accompanying texts.
we consider our findings in relation to theorizing about ageism , age relations , the third and fourth ages , and idealized aging masculinity.
once the patriarchal figure disappears , the female characters regain visibility by entering the labor market and starting relationships with other men.
in that sense , both protagonists experience aging as a time in which they are increasingly freed from social and family constraints.
semi-structured interviews were carried out with @number@ residents.
an integrative model of these tensions between positive and negative experiences is presented and discussed.
this ethnographic study investigates the processes of household disbandment and decision-making of older adults in the midwestern united states relocating in post-global financial crisis contexts.
partners may consider gift-giving in terms of the act of moving to appease and honor their partner.
kin who were not moving themselves were also recipients of the gift of moving.
these gifts enchain others in relationships of reciprocity.
forty-six women aged 40-80 years old participated in either the mbe program or maintained normal daily activity.
conclusion : this short-term intensive program may be beneficial to women at risk of mobility limitations.
there was a statistically significant increase in sister chromatid exchange ( sce ) test in the study group compared with the control group.
on the other hand , mn frequency did not differ significantly between the control and total study groups.
furthermore , there was no statistically significant increase for chromosomal aberration and dna damage to the study groups.
our results showed that in vitro fertilization treatments have a weak risk at the genetic level in cultured human lymphocytes.
role dissonance is an uncomfortable experience for graduate paramedics , and some blame their university education for the problem.
for paramedics the conflict is between identifying as a rescuer and acting largely as a care giver.
their older colleagues may be challenged and threatened by the new order.
for paramedics the problem is compounded by the newness of its place in the tertiary landscape.
since @date@ young people have been increasingly attracted to rescue roles.
the myths of paramedic glories past tend to add to the confusion of graduates.
methods : the sepsis-related mortality data from @number@ and @number@ were retrieved from the china health statistical yearbook.
the microbiology data were retrieved and selected from a literature search of the china academic journal database between @number@ and @number@
a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the available data on the proportion of positive blood cultures in septic patients and the microorganism distribution.
results : the sepsis mortality in small and medium-sized cities and rural areas declined obviously over time.
the mortality of the subpopulations aged 1-54 years tended to be lower than the national averages.
in contrast , the sepsis mortality among neonates and the elderly ( ≥75 years ) was obviously higher than national averages.
while the mortality in the elderly declined between @number@ and @number@ the neonate sepsis mortality increased dramatically , especially among male neonates.
the positivity of blood cultures and proportions of microorganisms varied by geographical region across mainland china.
sepsis with fungus was rare but was more prevalent in adult sepsis patients ( @percent@ ) than in neonatal patients ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the difference in sepsis mortality between urban and rural areas decreased over time.
males , the elderly , and neonates were found to be high-risk subpopulations.
despite the common situation of walking on different sloped terrains , previous work on gait has focused on level terrain.
this study aims to assess whether any age-related differences exist in spatiotemporal and stability parameters when walking downhill on three different sloped walkways.
in the highest slope ( ph , @percent@ ) , older adults reduced speed and step length and both groups increased cadence.
age had no effect on attenuation and rms profiles.
age differences appeared in the smoothness ( hr ) at the flat terrain , with increased vertical and antero-posterior values for young adults.
as slope increased , group differences disappeared and hr decreased for all directions of motion.
balance and cognitive impairments which are common with aging often coexist , are prognostic of future adverse health events , including fall injuries.
consequently , dual-task assessment programs that simultaneously address both stability and cognition are important to consider in rehabilitation and benefit healthy aging.
thirty healthy , community-dwelling individuals median age @number@ ( range 60-67 ) were recruited from a certified medical fitness facility.
participants performed a series of computerized head tracking and cognitive game tasks while standing on fixed and sponge surfaces.
testing was conducted on two occasions , one week apart.
a significant increase in center of foot pressure ( cop ) excursion was observed during both head tracking and cognitive dual-task conditions.
the results demonstrate the system's ability to reliably detect changes related to specific and integrated aspects of balance , gaze , and cognitive performance.
falls during walking are a major health issue in the elderly population.
older individuals are usually more cautious , walk more slowly , take shorter steps , and exhibit increased step-to-step variability.
they often have impaired dynamic balance , which explains their increased falling risk.
in order to help determine between the two possibilities , we analyzed the relationship between age and gait features among @number@ individuals aged 20-69.
trunk acceleration was measured during a 5-min treadmill session using a 3d accelerometer.
using age as a predictor , linear regressions were performed for each dependent variable.
we concluded that most of the typical gait features of older age do not result from a slow evolution over the life course.
on the other hand , gait instability likely begins to increase at an accelerated rate as early as age 40-50.
this finding supports the premise that local dynamic stability is likely a relevant early indicator of falling risk.
nine healthy participants stood atop a moveable platform and received externally-triggered ( ext ) and selftriggered ( slf ) drop perturbations of the support surface.
whole-body kinematics were also recorded with motion analysis.
these findings suggested that a startle reflex contributes to the exaggerated postural ftr observed during externally-triggered whole-body free falls.
significant association of the tph2 genotype with neuroticism and conscientiousness was found at age @number@ and with extraversion and conscientiousness at age @number@
participants with the t / t genotype scored significantly lower on neuroticism and higher on conscientiousness and extraversion scales.
in addition , a gene×gene interaction effect on conscientiousness was revealed : the tph2 genotype effect was evident only in the 5-httlpr s-allele carriers.
eight hundred eight faculty , representing @number@ schools of nursing , attended.
the impact of gnec is discussed along with effects on faculty participants over @number@ years.
administrative- and faculty-level recommendations to sustain and expand gnec are highlighted.
participants stepped over a stationary , visible obstacle on a walkway.
( @number@ ) consistent trail foot placement before the obstacle across all ages allowed space and time for the trail foot to clear the obstacle.
lead overshoot progressively increased with advancing age.
( @number@ ) head angle was progressively lower with advancing age , an apparent attempt to gather more visual information during approach.
overall , a series of proactive strategies were adopted to mitigate risk of contact.
eighty-eight older adults ( mean age = @number@ years , sd = @number@ ) participated in the study.
we also evaluated the performance of the six-minute walk test , the 30-second chair rise test and the timed up and go test.
the results revealed that the relationship between age and step test performance was attenuated when we controlled for potential confounding variables.
in addition , activation of nf-κb up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloprotease-1 ( mmp-1 ) and consequently collagen in dermis is degraded.
methods : a nf-κb-derived inhibitor tripeptide ( nf-κb-dvh ) was synthesized based on the sequence of dimerization region of the subunit p65 of nf-κb.
its inhibitory activity was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and in situ proximate ligation assay.
the effects of anti-photoaging and anti-inflammation were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) , immunoblotting and immunochemistry.
results : nf-κb-dvh significantly decreased uv-induced expression of tnf-α , il-1α , mmp-1 and cox-2 while increased production of type i procollagen.
objective : this study was conducted to estimate oral colonization by streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguinis in adults with high and without any caries experience.
furthermore , differences in the amount of hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) produced by s. sanguinis isolated from both groups were assessed.
additionally , s. sanguinis colonies obtained from both groups were inoculated on prussian blue agar for h2o2 detection.
production of h2o2 was quantified and compared between the two groups.
s. sanguinis counts were significantly higher in cf than hc individuals ( p < 0.05 ) .
conversely , s. mutans showed significantly higher levels in hc than cf subjects ( p < 0.001 ) .
s. sanguinis colonies from cf individuals produced significantly larger h2o2 halos compared with hc subjects.
conclusions : s. sanguinis predominates over s. mutans in saliva of adults without caries experience.
in those people , s. sanguinis produces more h2o2ex vivo.
converging evidence identifies stress-related disorders as putative risk factors for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
this article reviews evidence on the complex interplay of stress , aging , and genes-epigenetics interactions.
evidence in support of the cognitive effects of epigenetics-diet , and nutraceuticals is reviewed.
in an increasingly aging society , age has become a foundational dimension of social grouping broadly targeted by advertising and governmental policies.
however , perception of old age induces mainly strong negative social biases.
we then validated the accuracy of each mental representation of age with independent validators.
using statistical image processing , we identified the features of mental representations that predict perceived age.
our results demonstrate that , contrary to popular public belief , older minds depict socially relevant information more accurately than their younger counterparts.
each drew archimedes spirals , which were rated by a senior neurologist specializing in movement disorders.
higher spiral scores were associated with poorer motor hand function as assessed using the purdue pegboard test.
spiral scores were higher in boys than girls , were inversely associated with age , and were higher in the nondominant than dominant hand.
spiral scores were highest in children who were taking psychiatric medications and in children with psychiatric or neurological disorders.
conclusions : mild tremor is common in children and covaries significantly with several demographic and clinical factors as well as usage of certain medications.
it also lessens with advancing age.
rather than an isolated finding , tremor was associated with other measures of poorer motor hand function.
peripheral blood telomere length has been associated with age-related conditions including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
this suggests that telomere length may identify subjects at increased risk of ad.
we measured telomere length ( t / s ratio ) at baseline using quantitative pcr.
in this elderly cohort , short and long telomeres were associated with increased risk of amci.
mechanistic and evolutionary perspectives both agree that aging involves multiple integrated biochemical networks in the organism.
in particular , the homeostatic physiological dysregulation ( pd ) hypothesis contends that aging is caused by the progressive breakdown of key regulatory processes.
however , nothing is yet known about the specifics of how pd changes with age and affects health.
specifically , relative risks of outcomes associated with individual slopes in ( i.e. rate of ) dysregulation range @number@ @date@ per unit slope.
therefore , the study of dysregulation trajectories should allow important insights into aging physiology and provide clinically meaningful predictors of outcomes.
purposes : to assess the accuracy of estimates using statistical databases of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality , and precisely measure influenza vaccine effectiveness.
principal results : laboratory testing of influenza is incomplete.
death certificates under-report influenza.
statistical database models are used as an alternative to randomised controlled trials ( rcts ) to assess influenza vaccine effectiveness.
evidence of the accuracy of influenza morbidity and mortality estimates was sought from : ( @number@ ) studies comparing statistical models.
for four studies poisson and arima models produced higher estimates than serfling , and serfling higher than glm.
which model is more accurate is unknown.
( @number@ ) studies controlling confounders.
fourteen studies mostly controlled one confounder ( one controlled comorbidities ) , and limited control of confounders limits accuracy.
evidence for vaccine effectiveness was sought from : ( @number@ ) studies of regions with increasing vaccination rates.
of five studies two controlled for confounders and one found a positive vaccination effect.
three studies did not control confounders and two found no effect of vaccination.
( @number@ ) studies controlling multiple confounders.
proving influenza vaccine effectiveness requires appropriately powered rcts , testing participants with rt-pcr tests , and comprehensively monitoring morbidity and mortality.
in contrary , pai-1 expression increases during aging or aβ deposition with its clusters surrounding amyloid plaques.
no significant alteration in the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator ( upa ) is detected.
one of the biggest questions in learning is how a system can resolve the plasticity and stability dilemma.
although it is well known that aging influences learning , the effect of aging on the stability and plasticity of the visual system is unclear.
to address the question , we asked older and younger adults to perform a task while a task-irrelevant feature was merely exposed.
at the same time , there was no plasticity reduction in older individuals within the task tested.
these results suggest that the older visual system is less stable to unimportant information than the younger visual system.
a learning problem with older individuals may be due to a decrease in stability rather than a decrease in plasticity , at least in vpl.
this paper provides an overview of the saguenay youth study ( sys ) and its parental arm.
at present , we are extending this dataset to acquire comparable phenotypes and genotypes in the biological parents of these individuals.
we then outline in detail the phenotyping protocol used to acquire comparable data in the parents.
neuroimaging studies demonstrate considerable changes in white matter volume and microstructure during adolescence.
most studies have focused on age-related effects , whilst puberty-related changes are not well understood.
salivary levels of pubertal hormones ( testosterone , dhea and oestradiol ) were also measured.
pubertal stage was significantly related to md in diverse white matter regions.
no relationship was observed between pubertal status and fa.
regression modelling of md in the significant regions demonstrated that an interaction model incorporating puberty , age and puberty×age best explained our findings.
in addition , testosterone was correlated with md in these pubertally significant regions.
no relationship was observed between oestradiol or dhea and md.
background : we examined the sensitivity of different executive function measures for detecting deficits in parkinson's disease patients without dementia.
results : no significant differences between groups were observed on widely used clinical measures.
the pd patients scored lower than controls on the examiner executive composite , cognitive control , and working memory scores.
results highlight the importance of careful test selection when evaluating for mild cognitive impairment in pd.
methods : data were extracted from the french hospital national database.
we selected patients aged @number@ years and over hospitalized for proximal humerus fracture in @number@ without cancer.
based on their unique identification number , we described the next hospitalizations occurring in 2009-2011 whatever the causes.
incidence , in-patient mortality , and hospital costs were calculated.
results : we numbered @number@ patients ( @percent@ of women , mean age @number@ years ) .
the incidence per million was @number@ and @number@ in women and men , respectively.
surgical treatment was applied in @percent@ of patients ; median hospital stay was @number@ days.
rehabilitation unit was necessary in @percent@ of cases.
in-patient mortality was @percent@.
the overall hospital costs was €34 millions.
rehospitalizations occurred for @percent@ of the patients and had more co-morbidities than others.
near @percent@ of the rehospitalized patients were for hip fractures occurring in a median of @number@ days after hospitalization for proximal humerus fracture.
the hospital costs for these rehospitalizations was €52 millions.
conclusion : proximal humerus fractures incidence increases with aging , especially in women.
these fractures are associated with a significant in-patient mortality and health care resources utilization.
patients with such fracture must receive high priority for optimal post fracture treatment.
background : no target therapies are presently available in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer ( sclc ) .
correlations with immunohistochemical , clinical and outcome features were evaluated.
materials and methods : genes were studied by direct sequencing of dna extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
immunohistochemical expression of ttf-1 , p63 , chromogranin , synaptophysin , cd56 and bcl-2 was assessed.
results : samples from @number@ sclc patients were analyzed.
all cases were wild-type for braf , kras , pdgfra and c-kit ( data available for @number@ patients ) .
overall survival of egfr-mutated patients was @number@ months as compared to @number@ months in wild-type.
their os was comparable to wild-type cases ( @number@ vs. @number@ months ) .
egfr and c-met mutations were mutually exclusive.
gene mutations did not correlate with immunophenotype.
conclusions : targetable mutations are uncommon in sclc.
egfr-mutated patients tended to be female and non-smoker and experienced a prolonged os suggesting a possible positive prognostic effect. c-met mutations did not affect survival.
target therapy might be considered in egfr and c-met-mutated patients.
we also observed that long-term transgene expression occurred in astrocytes as well as neurons.
based on these findings , we hypothesized that the higher transgene expression observed in the denervated striatum may be a function of increased gliosis.
several aging studies have also reported an increase of gliosis as a function of normal aging.
the difference of wpco in response to posture change between the elderly and the young subjects indicates an altered ca due to aging.
this study provides new insight into the dynamics of ca and may be useful in identifying the risk for dca processes.
normal cognitive aging compromises the ability to form and retrieve associations among features of a memory episode.
one indicator of this age-related deficit is older adults ' difficulty in detecting and correctly rejecting new associations of familiar items.
deviations from the average young-adult network reflected underactivation of frontoparietal regions instead of overactivation of regions not activated by younger adults.
we conclude that maintenance of youth-like task-relevant activation patterns is critical for preserving memory functions in later adulthood.
in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , objective biomarkers are needed for early diagnosis and progression monitoring.
reduced phosphorylated tau ( p-tau ) in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) has recently been proposed to provide such a biomarker in als.
contrary to recent reports , csf p-tau was not significantly reduced in als patients compared with control subjects ( p = @number@ ) .
however , csf t-tau was significantly increased ( p < @number@ ) .
correspondingly , the ratio of p-tau to t-tau was significantly reduced in als ( p < @number@ ) .
the area under the curve demonstrated poor sensitivity and specificity for p-tau , but moderate sensitivity and specificity for t-tau and p-tau / t-tau ratio.
accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptides correlates with aging and progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
aβ peptides , which cause early synaptic dysfunctions , spine loss , and memory deficits , also disturb intracellular ca ( 2 + ) homeostasis.
chronic pain is highly prevalent in the ageing population.
individuals with neurological disorders such as dementia are susceptible patient groups in which pain is frequently under-recognised , underestimated , and undertreated.
results from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies showing that elderly adults are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of pain are of additional concern.
the inability to successfully communicate pain in severe dementia is a major barrier to effective treatment.
various observational-behavioural pain assessment instruments have been reported to be both reliable and valid in individuals with dementia.
background & aims : diabetes mellitus is prevalent in many countries around the world , but the potential causal factors are not clearly known.
we attempted to determine the risk factors for new-onset diabetes in ≥53-year old taiwanese.
methods : we analyzed the @number@ and @number@ datasets of the taiwan longitudinal survey on aging ( tlsa ) .
we excluded those who were diabetic at baseline in the longitudinal analysis.
cigarette-smoking and moderate alcohol drinking showed no clear impacts on new-onset diabetes in older taiwanese.
better understanding of these relationships should be helpful for planning effective health promotion strategies for reducing the risk of new-onset diabetes in older adults.
design : open label , randomized , multicenter study.
primary endpoint : high-sensitivity c-reactive protein.
setting : community.
the ristomed diet was optimized to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
measurements : blood and stool samples were collected on days @number@ and @number@
neither intervention demonstrated any further effects on inflammation.
conclusions : addition of vsl # 3 increased bifidobacteria and supported adequate folate and vitamin b12 concentrations in subjects with low-grade inflammation.
decrease in homocysteine with vsl # 3 was clinically relevant. suggesting protective potentials for aging-associated conditions , e.g. cardiovascular or neurological diseases.
clinicaltrials.gov : nct01069445-nct01179789.
in the last 10-15 years , strategies and modalities of lung cancer treatment have changed dramatically.
in particular , the proportions of smaller lung cancers , lung adenocarcinomas with ground-glass opacity , and lung cancers in older patients are increasing.
along with these changes , surgeons have innovated and evaluated novel procedures for pulmonary resection.
currently , vats has gained wide acceptance and several institutions in japan have started using robotic surgery for lung cancers.
two important clinical trials of sub-lobar resection for small peripheral lung cancers are now underway in japan.
in addition , surgery itself is of growing importance in lung cancer treatment.
in the era of personalized treatment , surgery is still one of the most important treatment modalities to combat lung cancer.
both obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) and type @number@ diabetes mellitus are commonly seen in older adults.
conversely , there is evidence that type @number@ diabetes may alter the progression and expression of sleep-disordered breathing.
older adults with diabetes mellitus ( dm ) experience greater risk for comorbid depression compared to those who do not have dm.
thus , in the context of caring for older adults with dm , comorbid depression presents special challenges and opportunities for clinicians.
dementia is a major cause of disability and death among older adults.
more research is needed to elucidate the link between t2d and dementia and identify strategies to maintain cognitive function among people with t2d.
several impairments and comorbidities related to or associated with diabetes are potential disabling conditions that could account for the excess risk of disability.
but in most studies , no single condition explains this association.
accelerated loss of muscle strength is a potential mediator in the disabling effect of diabetes.
because some diabetes-related comorbidities are potential modifiable risk factors , preventing and reducing the excess risk of disability associated with diabetes needs further study.
regardless of pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria , the population of older adults with diabetes is highly heterogeneous.
as adults with type @number@ diabetes age and develop multiple comorbid health conditions , they may experience many challenges to good diabetes care and self-management.
age of diagnosis and duration of diabetes largely determine the likelihood for comorbidity.
it is imperative that treatment decisions are based on patient preferences , unique and likely evolving health status , and longevity.
purpose of review : cell based muscle tissue engineering carries the potential to revert the functional loss of muscle tissue caused by disease and trauma.
although muscle tissue can be bioengineered using various precursor cells , major limitations still remain.
recent findings : in the last decades several cellular pathways playing a crucial role in muscle tissue regeneration have been described.
summary : in this review article we will highlight possible new avenues using external physical and biochemical stimulation in order to optimize muscle bioengineering.
several studies support the relation between leptin and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we show that leptin levels in csf are unchanged as subjects progress to ad.
similar translocation of leptin was found in brains from tg2576 and apoe4 mice.
moreover , an enhancement of leptin receptors was found in hippocampus of young tg2576 mice and in primary astrocytes and neurons treated with aβ₁₋₄₂.
in contrast , old tg2576 mice showed decreased leptin receptors levels.
similar findings to those seen in tg2576 mice were found in apoe4 , but not in apoe3 mice.
these results suggest that leptin levels are intact , but leptin signalling is impaired in ad.
thus , aβ accumulation and apoe4 genotype result in a transient enhancement of leptin signalling that might lead to a leptin resistance state over time.
study question : is type @number@ diabetes a determinant of advanced ovarian ageing , resulting in an early age at natural menopause ?
summary answer : no clear evidence was provided that type @number@ diabetes is a determinant of accelerated ovarian ageing resulting in an early menopause.
what is known already : the association between type @number@ diabetes and early menopause has been examined previously with inconsistent results.
study design , size , duration : a cross-sectional study was performed in @number@ post-menopausal women with , and @number@ post-menopausal women without , diabetes.
participants / materials , setting , methods : both women with and without diabetes had experienced natural menopause.
study participants filled out a standardized questionnaire including report of their age at last menstrual period.
differences in menopausal age were analysed using linear regression analyses , with adjustment for possible confounders.
limitations , reason for caution : age at menopause was self-reported and assessed retrospectively.
we had no information regarding microvascular complications therefore a possible association between vascular health and menopausal age could not be investigated.
the improved glycaemic control during the last decades may have prevented vascular damage from occurring to an extent that would affect organ function.
nevertheless , the present findings are reassuring for reproductive health prospects in women with type @number@ diabetes.
the epidermis of the skin is a highly polarized , metabolic tissue with important innate immune functions.
telomere length has been associated with longevity.
the main outcomes were hazard ratios ( hr ) of mortality and median age at death.
t / t carriers died @number@.8-3 years later than the c / c carriers.
this effect was not present in men , neither in snac-k women aged 60-72 years.
this study examined social factors as predictors of using smoking cessation treatment among adults with serious mental illness.
results : approximately @percent@ of participants initiated smoking cessation treatment during the 2-month follow-up.
this review covers the spatial and temporal rules governing induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation ( ltp ) by theta-burst stimulation.
a single burst is insufficient for ltp induction because it evokes both excitatory and inhibitory currents that partially cancel and limit postsynaptic depolarization.
the disinhibitory process , referred to as \ "priming \ " , involves presynaptic gaba autoreceptors that inhibit gaba release.
activation of nmda receptors allows a calcium flux into dendritic spines that serves as the proximal trigger for ltp.
we include new data showing that theta-burst stimulation is more efficient than other forms of stimulation for ltp induction.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : brain and memory.
malay participants aged 60-80 years from the epidemiology of dementia in singapore study underwent comprehensive examinations , including 3-tesla cranial mri.
linear regression models were constructed with adjustment for age and sex ; and additionally for vascular risk factors and mri markers including intracranial volume.
@number@ participants without glaucoma with gradable quality mri and oct scans were included for analysis.
in particular , gc-ipl thinning was primarily associated with grey matter volume , whereas no association was found with white matter changes.
traditionally , antioxidant products are exogenously provided to neutralize pro-oxidant species.
however , another approach based on stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense pathways is more original.
among the nrf2 downstream genes , glutamylcysteinyl ligase and glutathione peroxidase-2 were induced at the mrna and protein levels.
in parallel , a significant increase in glutathione content , assessed by lc / ms analysis , was observed in both models.
finally , improvement of endogenous defenses induced in rsv-pretreated reconstructed skin ensured protection against the toxic oxidative effects of cumene hydroperoxide ( chp ) .
in fact after rsv pretreatment , in response to chp stress , glutathione content did not decrease as in unprotected samples.
cellular alterations at the dermal-epidermal junction were clearly prevented.
in aging , microglia tend to transition to the m1 pro-inflammatory state and become hypersensitive to messages emerging from immune-to-brain signaling pathways.
these include , e.g. , flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds in fruits and vegetables , and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufa ) in oily fish.
thus , dietary bioactives have potential to restore the population of microglial cells in the senescent brain to a more quiescent state.
the pragmatic concept to constrain microglia through dietary intervention is significant because neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits are co-morbid factors in many chronic inflammatory diseases.
controlling microglial cell reactivity has important consequences for preserving adult neurogenesis , neuronal structure and function , and cognition.
these t2 w hypointensities are typically segmented semi-automatically , which is time consuming , associated with a high intra-rater variability and low inter-rater agreement.
to address these limitations , we developed a fully automated , unsupervised segmentation method for basal ganglia t2 w hypointensities.
artefacts were reduced by filtering connected components in the initial masks based on their standardised t2 w intensity variance.
background : telomeres can be considered a marker of biological aging.
studies have suggested that telomere shortening may be associated with aging related diseases and also psychiatric disorders.
objectives : investigate whether bipolar disorder ( bd ) and its clinical specificities are associated with telomere shortening.
methods : eighty-five bd patients and @number@ healthy controls were paired for age , sex and educational level.
volunteers were submitted to a psychiatric interview and clinical evaluation.
patients and controls were compared as a whole sample and within specific telomere range ( short and long telomeres ) .
intrapatients group comparison involved type of bd and comorbidities.
a real time quantitative pcr was performed in order to verify leukocytes telomere length.
results : bipolar disorder patients presented shorter telomeres when compared to controls ( p < 0.001 ) .
however , there was no significant difference in telomere length between different bd subtypes.
limitations : it was not possible to collect information about time since diagnosis , which limited conclusions regarding bd chronicity and telomere length.
furthermore , medication interference upon telomere length was not controlled.
conclusions : results suggest that bd is associated with reduced telomere length.
also , panic comorbidity may represent an additive risk factor.
the ability to discriminate speech sounds is crucial for higher language functions in humans.
however , it remains unclear whether physiological aging affects the functional integrity of pre-attentive phonological discrimination.
we used minimum norm estimate of source reconstruction to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of magnetic mismatch responses ( mmnm ) .
distributed activations to phonetic changes were identified in the temporal , frontal and parietal regions.
however , among the identified regions of interest , we did not observe significant between-group differences in the hemispheric asymmetry of phonetic-mmnm.
conclusively , our results suggest an altered phonetic processing at the perceptual level during physiological aging.
chronic heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for cortical bone fractures in males.
the increase in fracture risk may be due , in part , to reduced bone quality.
intracortical ( osteonal ) bone remodeling is the principle mechanism for maintaining cortical bone quality.
however , it is not clear how alcohol abuse impacts intracortical bone remodeling.
this study investigated the effects of long-duration heavy alcohol consumption on intracortical bone remodeling in a non-human primate model.
control monkeys ( n = 13 ) received water and an isocaloric maltose-dextrin solution.
tetracycline hydrochloride was administered orally @number@ and 3days prior to sacrifice for determination of active mineralization sites.
the skeletal response to alcohol was determined by densitometry , microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry.
in concordance , plasma ctx was lower ( @number@.5±0.3ng / ml versus @number@.7±0.1ng / ml , p = 0.028 ) in the alcohol group.
these results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may negatively impact bone health , in part , by suppressing intracortical bone remodeling.
the major goal of cancer therapy is to destroy cancer cells without harming normal cells.
however , because cancer cells have incredible heterogeneity and adaptability , it is difficult to target them therapeutically.
metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a common feature of cancer.
many of the well-known mirnas relate to crucial genes that can impact metabolic pathways , both negatively and positively.
slingshot-1 ( ssh1 ) is a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates and activates cofilin , an actin-severing and -disassembling protein.
ssh1 is bound to and activated by f-actin , but not g-actin.
ssh1 is accumulated in the f-actin-rich lamellipodium but is also diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm.
it remains unknown whether ssh1 is activated by soluble ( low-level polymerized ) actin filaments in the cytoplasm.
in this study , we show that ssh1 binds to gelsolin via actin filaments in the cytosolic fraction.
gelsolin promoted solubilization of actin filaments and ssh1 in cell-free assays and in cultured cells.
ssh1 was activated by gelsolin-generated soluble actin filaments.
furthermore , gelsolin enhanced cofilin dephosphorylation in neuregulin-stimulated cells.
sui is associated with pelvic floor debility , absence of detrusor contraction , or a loss of control over the sphincter muscle apparatus.
when current therapies fail to cure or improve sui , application of regeneration-competent cells may be an alternative therapeutic option.
however , there are reports in favor of and against cell-based therapies.
we therefore summarize the potential and the risks of cell-based therapies for the treatment of sui.
however , this issue and its corresponding age effects have not been examined directly.
whereas , enhanced lpc was observed in the elderly in all conditions.
furthermore , significant age-related lpc repetition differences were revealed only with one intervening word lag for nonliving words.
disabling mutations in genome maintenance and dna repair pathways are frequently observed in cancer.
these dna repair defects represent genetic aberrations that are specific to cancer cells and not present in healthy tissues.
it is thought that these molecular defects produce a \ "mutator phenotype , \ " which allows incipient cancer cells to accumulate additional cancer-promoting mutations.
normal tissue can bypass parp1- or dna-pkcs inhibitor-induced genotoxic lesions via homologous recombination-mediated dna dsb repair.
declines in the control of attention and working memory are often considered a core feature of cognitive aging.
are age differences in interference control more myth than reality ?
we consider the evidence in light of neurocognitive frameworks that acknowledge the sometimes complex interactions between age-related declines and compensation.
our analysis suggests that age differences in interference control have multiple sources , but also offer multiple opportunities for compensation and intervention.
this article is part of a special issue entitled si : memory & aging.
as the french population is aging , a growing number of elderly patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis are going to require therapeutic management.
thanks to major randomized studies such as the partner us trial , this treatment has been approved for high-risk patients.
expertise and new devices are now opening the way to intermediate risk population.
multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association.
results : mets was present in @number@ of @number@ males ( @percent@ ) and @number@ of @number@ females ( @percent@ ) .
significant association between cavi≥9 and male subjects or age was recognized.
conclusion : male and age were significantly associated with cavi≥9.
further study is needed to verify the association between cavi≥9 and mets components.
here we evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against pauf , pmab83 , to provide a therapeutic intervention to treat the disease.
pmab83 reduced tumor growth and distant metastasis in orthotopically xenografted mice of human pdac cells.
pmab83 treatment retarded proliferation along with weakened aggressiveness traits of the carcinoma cells.
akt / β-catenin signaling played a role in the carcinoma cell proliferation and the treated xenograft tumors exhibited reduced levels of β-catenin and cyclin d1.
moreover pmab83 abrogated the pauf-induced angiogenic responses of endothelial cells , reducing the density of cd31 ( + ) vessels in the treated tumors.
in combination with gemcitabine , pmab83 conferred enhanced survival of xenografted mice by about twofold compared to gemcitabine alone.
the senescence-accelerated mouse prone10 ( samp10 ) strain , a model of aging , exhibits cognitive impairments and cerebral atrophy.
we noticed that samp10 / taslc mice , a samp10 substrain , have developed persistent glucosuria over the past few years.
oral glucose tolerance tests showed decreased glucose reabsorption in the kidney of samp10 / taslc mice.
in addition , blood glucose levels decreased in an age-dependent fashion.
the kidney was innately larger than that of control mice with no histological alterations.
we examined the expression levels of glucose transporters in the kidney.
among sglt1 , sglt2 , glucose transporter ( glut ) @number@ and glut2 , we found a significant decrease only in the level of sglt2.
we designate this strain as samp10 / taslc-slc5a2 ( slc ) ( samp10-δsglt2 ) .
recently , sglt2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of patients with type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) .
samp10-δsglt2 mice may serve as a unique preclinical model to study the link between aging-related neurodegenerative disorders and t2d.
the multi-facet nature of self-face-specific activation may hold potential as the basis for a multi-dimensional diagnostic tool for the cognitive system.
the skeletons consist almost exclusively of portuguese nationals who died between @number@ and @number@
the state of preservation is good and more detailed antemortem information is presently being collected.
objective : to characterize methodological changes in sperm morphology assessment and to correlate sperm morphology with clinical outcome.
design : in this observational study , sperm morphology profiles of patients were analyzed.
setting : diagnostic and clinical laboratories.
intervention ( s ) : none.
main outcome measure ( s ) : the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in semen samples.
the regression of the individual morphologically normal cell profiles.
the relation between the percentage of normal forms with pregnancy outcome after ivf / icsi.
result ( s ) : the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa showed a decrease from roughly 30%-80% in @number@ to 0%-10% since @number@
with added evidence from sperm bank samples , this decrease was found to be attributable mainly to changes in morphology assessment criteria.
furthermore , an intraindividual aging effect of @percent@ per year was observed.
conclusion ( s ) : methodological changes had a strong effect on the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa over the past few decades.
in addition , male aging results in decreasing sperm morphology.
the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa has no prognostic value for individual ivf / icsi patients.
anti-inflammatory agents have marginal effect in improving insulin resistance.
hence , agents are needed to improve glycemic control despite the inflammation.
ad36 , a human adenovirus , increases tnfα and mcp1 mrna in adipose tissue , yet improves glycemic control in mice.
ad36 via its e4orf1 gene , up-regulates akt / glucose transporter ( glut ) -4 signaling to enhance cellular glucose uptake.
objective : directly test a role of ad36 , or e4orf1 in enhancing cellular glucose uptake in presence of inflammatory cytokines.
experiment 3 : ptre-e4orf1 or -null cells were similarly treated with mcp1 or tnfα followed by doxycycline to induce e4orf1.
cellular glucose uptake and cellular signaling were determined @number@ h post-ad36 infection or e4orf1-induction , in continued presence of mcp1 or tnfα.
results : in 3t3-l1 preadipocytes , ad36 , but not e4orf1 , increased mcp1 and tnfα mrna , in presence of lps stimulation.
ad36 or e4orf1 up-regulated akt-phosphorylation and glut4 and increased glucose uptake ( p < @number@ ) in the presence of mcp1 or tnfα.
conclusions : unlike ad36 , e4orf1 does not appear to stimulate inflammatory response.
ad36 and e4orf1 both enhance cellular glucose uptake even in presence of inflammation.
design : a randomized , single-blind , crossover study of @number@ subsensory noise stimulation levels on @number@ days.
setting : balance and gait laboratory.
participants : healthy community-dwelling elderly volunteers ( n = 12 ; age , 65-90y ) who could feel the maximum insole vibration.
interventions : a urethane foam insole with the piezoelectric actuators delivering subsensory vibratory noise stimulation to the soles of the feet.
main outcome measures : balance , gait , and timed up and go ( tug ) test.
vibratory sensation thresholds remained relatively stable within and across study days.
effective vibratory noise amplitudes range from @percent@ to @percent@ of the sensory threshold and can be set once daily.
introduction : controversies arise with respect to functioning of the middle ear over time.
methods : cross-sectional , comparative study of elderly patients managed in ear , nose and throat clinics.
a structured questionnaire was administered to obtain clinical information.
pure tone audiometry , tympanometry , and acoustic reflexes were performed.
comparative analyses were performed to detect intergroup differences between clinico-audiometric findings and middle ear measures , viz. tympanograms and acoustic reflexes.
there was no association between age and gender in patients with abnormal tympanograms and absent acoustic reflex.
significantly more patients with different forms and grades of age-related hearing loss had abnormal tympanometry and absent acoustic reflex.
background : sensitive skin represents hyperactive sensory symptoms showing exaggerated reactions in response to internal stimulants or external irritants.
objective : the objective of our study was to investigate the pathogenesis of sensitive skin.
these altered genes could account for the abnormal muscle contraction , decreased atp amount in sensitive skin.
in addition , pain-related transcripts such as trpv1 , asic3 and cgrp were significantly up-regulated in sensitive skin , compared with non-sensitive skin.
conclusions : our findings suggest that sensitive skin is closely associated with the dysfunction of muscle contraction and metabolic homeostasis.
neuronal pentraxin receptor ( npr ) is a synaptic protein implicated in ampa receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses.
these age-dependent differences were driven by proportional increases in npr in membrane-associated cortical fractions.
additionally , the rfei decreases indicate an additional adaptation to concurrent training.
healthy aging requires an optimal balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses.
here , we determined if and how aging affects the ratio between treg and teff cells.
whereas proportions of ntreg cells declined with age , memtreg cells increased.
both th1 and th2 cells were largely maintained in the circulation of aged humans , whereas th17 cells were decreased.
similar to memtreg cells , the @number@ teff subsets resided primarily in the memory cd4 + t cell compartment.
finally , the relative increase of memtreg cells in elderly individuals was associated with poor responses to influenza vaccination.
taken together , our findings imply that aging disturbs the balance between treg cells and teff cells.
this activation is a hallmark of both aged tissue and senescent human cells.
individuals living with hiv who are optimally treated with combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) can now lead an extended life.
viral proteins that circulate in blood can induce brain endothelial cells to release cytokines , invoking another source of neuroinflammation.
the pathogenesis of hand is multifaceted , and mounting evidence indicates that immune cells play a major role.
methods : twenty-nine healthy subjects , @number@ younger ( mean age : @number@.8years ) and @number@ senior ( @number@ years ) , participated.
magnetic fields were measured using a 160-channel , whole head meg.
single- and paired-pulse stimulations of @number@ artifact-free meg signal epochs were averaged separately.
we calculated how aging affects recovery function of sefs.
anodal transcranial direct current stimulation ( anodal-tdcs ) , with its potential to enhance neuroplasticity , may allow improving cognition in mci.
obesity among the elderly is a growing public health concern.
in particular , the authors consider the relevance of this hypothesis to the ageing population.
ethnopharmacological relevance : polygonum multiflorum thunb. , which is known as heshouwu ( in chinese ) in china.
it is traditionally valued and reported for hair-blacking , liver and kidney-tonifying and anti-aging effects as well as low toxicity.
moreover , trends and perspectives for future investigation of this plant are discussed.
it will build up a new foundation for further study on polygonum multiflorum.
results : polygonum multiflorum is widely distributed throughout the world and has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries in china.
the ethnomedical uses of polygonum multiflorum have been recorded in many provinces of china and japan for nine species of adulterants in six families.
however , these extracts can also lead to hepatotoxicity , nephrotoxicity and embryonic toxicity.
pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main components of polygonum multiflorum , such as and emodin are distributed among many organs and tissues.
here , we investigated the effect of ala on hepatic fgf21 expression.
ala treatment enhanced crebh and fgf21 mrna expression and protein abundance in cultured hepatocytes.
moreover , inhibition of endogenous crebh expression by sirna attenuated ala-induced fgf21 expression.
finally , treatment of mice with ala enhanced fasting-induced up-regulation of crebh and fgf21 in the liver and inhibited feeding-induced suppression of their expression.
consistently , ala increased serum fgf21 levels in both fasted and fed mice.
collectively , these results indicate that ala increases hepatic fgf21 expression via up-regulation of crebh , identifying ala as a novel positive regulator of fgf21.
design : cross-sectional survey data from @number@ to @number@ were analyzed.
setting : surveys were mailed to community-dwelling individuals who had @number@ of @number@ diagnoses ( ms , md , pps , or sci ) .
the survey response rate was @percent@.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measure : self-reported fall within the last @number@ months.
across all @number@ groups , fall rates peaked in middle age ( 45-64y ) and among people with moderate mobility limitations.
the models differed across diagnostic groups.
conclusions : people aging with long-term physical disabilities experience unique challenges that affect their risk of falls.
objective : to identify a set of clinically useful outcome measures for assessment of adults receiving treatment for spasticity.
design : a modified delphi process was conducted.
in round @number@ key areas of spasticity assessment and associated outcome measures were identified.
consensus was achieved if there was at least @percent@ agreement among participants.
setting : the modified delphi process was conducted online using survey software.
participants : clinicians ( n = 32 ) from centers across canada participated in this study.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : not applicable.
results : of @number@ tools identified initially , @number@ were selected.
tools related to body structure and function included the visual analog scale , manual muscle testing , penn spasm frequency scale , and goniometry.
activity level measures included the berg balance scale , goal attainment scaling ( gas ) , and the fim.
the modified caregiver strain index was selected for the assessment of caregiver burden , while gas was selected for participation level outcomes.
conclusions : a standardized set of outcome measures will assist with better documentation and standardization of assessment practices of clinicians who manage spasticity.
background : stem cell therapies are advertised through online resources which describe a range of treatments with diverse clinical indications.
stem cell tourists may not be aware of the information they should seek when consulting these clinics , or of the potential risks involved.
the aim of this study was to characterise the therapies offered by online stem cell clinics.
methods : a web based search utilising five search terms was employed.
the first twenty pages of each search result were screened against @number@ variables.
results : @number@ out of @number@ websites advertised stem cell clinics.
@number@ eligible sites covering @number@ countries were evaluated.
the top five clinical indications for stem cell therapy were multiple sclerosis , anti-ageing , parkinson's disease , stroke and spinal cord injury.
thirty-four per cent of sites mentioned the number of patients treated while one quarter of clinics provided outcome data.
twenty-nine per cent of clinics had an internationally recognised accreditation.
fifteen per cent of clinics stated that their therapies posed no risk.
eighty-eight per cent of clinics claimed treatment effectiveness , with @percent@ describing their curative potential.
over @percent@ of sites did not specify the number or duration of treatments.
fifty-three per cent of clinics requested access to patients ' medical records , and @percent@ recommended patients discuss the proposed therapy with their doctor.
no clinic recommended that travellers consult a travel medicine specialist or receive vaccinations prior to their intended travel.
one quarter of sites discussed contraindications to treatment , with @percent@ of sites detailing follow up patient care.
conclusions : there is potential for stem cell tourists to receive misleading or deficient information from online stem cell clinics.
both the stem cell tourist and travel medicine practitioner should be educated on the potential risks associated with stem cell clinical services advertised online.
e-cadherin is the core protein of the epithelial adherens junction.
loss of e-cadherin expression is a crucial step of epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) and is involved in cancer invasion and metastatization.
in human tumors , down-regulation of e-cadherin is frequently associated with poor prognosis.
despite the critical role of e-cadherin in cancer progression , little is known about proteome alterations linked with its down-regulation.
altogether , these results extend our knowledge on the cellular modifications associated with e-cadherin down-regulation in breast cancer cells.
recent studies suggest that common cognitive processes and neuroanatomical substrates underlie the ability to remember the past and imagine the future.
we studied these cognitive processes in patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
autobiographical generation was analyzed with respect to theme , general autobiographical performance , contextual performance , self-defining memories , and autonoetic reliving / re-experiencing.
unlike older controls , most ad participants evoked similar themes when generating past and future events ( n = 23 / 30 participants ) .
further , significant correlations were detected between hippocampal-dependent memory decline in ad participants and their ability to relive past and future events.
these outcomes suggest striking similarities between remembering the past and imagining the future in ad.
the incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures in asian countries is steadily increasing.
there are several therapies currently available in japan for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis , each with a unique risk / benefit profile.
a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator , bazedoxifene ( bza ) , was recently approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in japan.
a 2-year extension of the 3-year treatment study demonstrated the sustained efficacy of bza over @number@ years of treatment.
bza was generally safe and well tolerated in these studies.
in a \ "super-aging \ " society such as japan , long-term treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis is a considerable need.
aims : low-temperature degradation ( ltd ) of yttria-stabilized zirconia can produce increased surface roughness with a concomitant decrease in strength.
a 4-h boil treatment ( n = @number@ ) was performed post-experiment for completion of data.
transformation was measured using traditional x-ray diffraction and low-angle x-ray diffraction.
results : the fraction of t → m transformation increased with aging time.
the @number@ day boil and @number@ bar @number@ h autoclave produced similar transformation results , while the @number@ day boiling treatment revealed the greatest transformation.
the surface layer of the aged specimen underwent the most transformation while all samples displayed decreasing transformation with depth.
significance : surface transformation was evident , which can lead to rougher surfaces and increased wear of opposing dentition / materials.
therefore , wear studies addressing ltd of y-tzp are needed utilizing accelerated aging.
neurons that reenter the cell cycle die rather than divide , a phenomenon that is associated with neurodegeneration in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
reexpression of cell-cycle related genes in differentiated neurons in ad might be rooted in aberrant mitogenic signaling.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) , protein-bound oxidation products of sugar , might be one of those mitogenic compounds.
cyclin d1 positive neurons are colocalized with ages or directly surrounded by extracellular age deposits in ad brain.
however , a direct proof of dna replication in these cells has been missing.
this cascade , in turn , induced the expression of cyclin d1 and dna replication.
using semiquantitative histologic measures of plaque and tangle pathology , we saw no significant differences between the different genotypes within these disease groups.
however , increased expression of cd33 mrna was associated with increasing ad pathology in temporal cortex brain samples.
using immunohistochemistry on temporal cortex sections , cd33 was selectively localized to microglia , with greater expression in activated microglia.
the factors causing increased cd33 expression by microglia in brain are still unclear , although both genetic and disease factors are involved.
however , the cellular and molecular basis of this phenotype remains to be clarified.
given the roles of astrocytes in energy storage and brain immunity , we sought to characterize the transcriptome of ad pc astrocytes.
cells were laser capture microdissected from ad ( n = @number@ ) and healthy elderly control ( n = @number@ ) subjects for rna sequencing.
we generated > 5.22 billion reads and compared sequencing data between controls and ad patients.
a number of these genes , including clu , c3 , and cd74 , have been implicated in beta amyloid generation or clearance.
these data provide key insights into astrocyte-specific contributions to ad , and we present this data set as a publicly available resource.
additionally , no studies have examined white matter tract integrity in conjunction with neuropsychological evaluation associated with bmi among older adults.
no relationships were observed between bmi and other white matter tracts or cognition after controlling for demographic variables.
recent analyses have provided new insights on the biochemical and functional dynamics of chip.
design : single-blinded randomized clinical trial.
setting : university research laboratory.
interventions : the @number@ interventions included a task-oriented motor learning and a standard exercise program ; both interventions included strength training.
both lasted @number@ weeks , with twice-weekly , 1-hour , physical therapist-supervised sessions.
results : of @number@ randomized subjects , @number@ completed the trial ( mean age ± sd , @number@.1±6.0y ) .
biological aging is associated with physiological deteriorations , which are partly due to changes in the hormonal profile.
micrornas regulate various processes associated with cell senescence ; differentiation , replication and apoptosis.
serum micrornas have potential to serve as noninvasive markers for diagnostics / prognostics and therapeutic targets.
premenopausal 30-35 year-old women ( n = 8 ) were used as young controls.
we focused on the hormonal aging and on the interaction between hrt use and the modulation of mir-21 , mir-146a and classical inflammation markers.
fas-ligand was analysed since it functions in both apoptosis and inflammation.
the inflammatory profile was healthier among the premenopausal women compared to the postmenopausal twins.
serum mir-21 and mir-146a levels and fasl concentrations were lower in hrt users compared to their non-using co-twins , demonstrating their responsiveness to hrt.
based on the pairwise fasl analysis , fasl concentration is likely to be genetically controlled.
overall , we suggest that postmenopausal estrogen deficiency sustains the development of \ "inflamm-aging \ ".
estrogen sensitive , specific circulating micrornas could be potential , early biomarkers for age-associated physiological deteriorations.
this provides preliminary in vivo evidence that tau is more closely linked to hypometabolism and symptomatology than amyloid.
our objective was to determine the prevalence of functional disability among community-dwelling older women with fi.
we then examined functional status.
women were asked about @number@ basic adls.
statistical analyses with percentage estimates and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were performed.
results : we included @number@ women in our analysis.
anxiety and worry were assessed through items of the instrument pediatric quality of life inventory™ cancer module scale.
participants were recruited from the pediatric hematology / oncology centers at two public hospitals.
all individuals were receiving medical care.
descriptive statistics were performed as well as a weighted kappa coefficient , spearman's correlation coefficient , wilcoxon signed-rank test and bland-altman plots.
the magnitude of the difference between the mean scores obtained from children / adolescents and that of their proxy respondents was evaluated through effect size.
conclusions : discrepancies between the reports of children / adolescents and their proxy respondents were observed.
children's / adolescents ' reports should not be ignored nor replaced by proxy reports ; both reports should be analyzed together.
aging phenotypes and interventions are often sex-specific , indicating that both male and female sexual differentiation promote mitochondrial failure and aging.
the uprmt may increase life span by stimulating mitochondrial turnover through autophagy , and / or by inhibiting the production of hormones and toxic metabolites.
the data suggest that metazoan life span interventions may act through a common hormesis mechanism involving liver uprmt , mitochondrial maintenance and sexual differentiation.
increases in dyspnea intensity ratings with the addition of ds were similar at standardized submaximal work rates in older and younger groups.
objective coronary spasm as well as atherosclerosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease.
however , the relationship between coronary spasm and atherosclerosis is not well known.
these findings suggest that the pathogenesis of coronary spasm differs from that of atherosclerosis.
objective : we examined the diagnostic and predictive value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t ( ctnths ) in patients with syncope.
methods : we performed an analysis of consecutive patients with syncope presenting to the emergency department.
the primary end point was the accuracy to diagnose a cardiac syncope.
in addition , the study explored the prognostic relevance of ctnths in patients with cardiac and noncardiac syncope.
a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had ctnths levels above the @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) ( cutoff point ) .
preference for smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards has been implicated in the basic neurobehavioral mechanisms of risk for addictive disorders and related externalizing psychopathology.
previous studies have demonstrated moderate to high test-retest reliability of dd , however , these studies utilized adult samples and examined relatively short retest intervals.
due to continuing development of brain and behavior , stability of temporal discounting behavior in adolescence may differ from that in adulthood.
dd rate showed a modest but significant decrease with age , suggesting a reduction in overall impulsivity from middle to late adolescence.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : insert si title.
interleukin-21 ( il-21 ) is a t cell-derived cytokine modulating t cell , b cell , and natural killer cell responses.
the mice were assessed @number@ times per week for signs of arthritis and histologic features as well as serum immunoglobulin.
cytokine messenger rna levels in the spleen were also examined.
stat3 phosphorylation is dose dependently activated by il-21 and inhibited by rhil-21r-fc in vitro using t cells.
treatment of dba / 1j mice with rhil-21r-fc reduced the clinical and histologic signs of cia.
the il-17 and stat3-expressing cd4 ( + ) splenocytes dramatically decreased in the rhil-21r-fc treated mice.
il-21r-fc treated mice also decreased the production of igg , stat3 phosphorylation , and plasma cell transcription factor ( blimp1 ) .
these findings demonstrate a pathogenic role of il-21 in animal models of ra , suggesting il-21 as a promising therapeutic target among human ra.
the ability to understand speech under adverse listening conditions deteriorates with age.
in addition to genuine hearing deficits , age-related declines in attentional and inhibitory control are assumed to contribute to these difficulties.
while shifts in target location decreased performance of both age groups , this effect was more pronounced in the older group.
neuroferritinopathy is a rare genetic disease with a dominant autosomal transmission caused by mutations of the ferritin light chain gene ( ftl ) .
it belongs to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation , a group of disorders where iron dysregulation is tightly associated with neurodegeneration.
an analysis with cyclic voltammetry on the purified protein showed that this structural modification severely reduces the ability of the protein to store iron.
notably , the accumulation of iron-ferritin bodies was accompanied by signs of oxidative damage.
in the c57bl / 6 background , both the expression of the mutant ferritin and the iron levels were lower than in the fvb strain.
nevertheless , also these mice showed oxidative alterations in the brain.
ultrastructural analyses revealed an accumulation of lipofuscin granules associated with iron deposits , particularly enriched in the cerebellum and striatum of our transgenic mice.
finally , experimental subjects were tested throughout development and aging at 2- , 8- and 18-months for behavioral phenotype.
finally , we propose a mechanistic model of lipofuscine formation that can account for the etiopathogenesis of human neuroferritinopathy.
to disentangle the source of this deficit we compared the cumulative semantic interference effect ( howard et al. , @number@
cognition.
the repetition priming effect refers to an increase in performance for repeated items compared to unrepeated items.
this pattern of results suggests that the impairment in picture naming exhibited by mci individuals is due to an inefficient semantic access.
typically , such an event influences the structure and the native function of a cell or an organelle.
all the subjects lived in sardinia , an italian island , that has the higher prevalence of centenarians than in other european countries.
this trend was also observed when data were sorted by gender.
on the other hand , cu and mg levels in plasma remained substantially unchanged during aging.
serum uric acid is a powerful antioxidant that may have neuroprotective properties.
women may also be particularly vulnerable to the vascular effects of elevated uric acid.
we hypothesized that higher serum uric acid would be associated with poorer concurrent functioning and greater declines over @number@ years.
however , there were no associations for global cognitive functioning , learning / memory , sequencing , verbal fluency , or visuoconstruction.
mixed effects models also revealed no association with subsequent cognitive declines.
future research should examine changes in serum uric acid at earlier periods in the lifespan and their relationships with later cognitive declines.
background : in contrast to its prominent function in cognition , the involvement of the hippocampus in gait control is still a matter of debate.
the hippocampal volume was quantified from a three-dimensional t1-weighted mri using semi-automated software.
aging is associated with increasing predisposition to multiple chronic diseases.
one fundamental aging process that is often operative at sites of the pathology underlying chronic age-related diseases is cellular senescence.
small molecule senolytic agents are being developed.
for successful drug development : @number@ ) appropriate animal models of human age-related diseases need to be devised.
@number@ ) models are needed to test efficacy of drugs and to uncover potential side effects of senolytic agents.
the skin is the body's largest organ and it is able to self-repair throughout an individual's life.
with advanced age , skin is prone to degenerate in response to damage.
although cosmetic surgery has been widely adopted to rejuvinate skin , we are far from a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for skin aging.
therefore , cell replacement and targeting of the molecular systems found in skin hold great promise for controlling or even curing skin aging.
given the rising rate of survival into advanced old age in the united states , achieving longevity and healthy aging is becoming increasingly important.
besides maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors , positive aging outcomes may also be heritable , with estimates ranging from @percent@ to @percent@.
in this qualitative review , we summarize recent findings on genetic factors linked to longevity across different populations and study designs.
recent evidence also suggests that mitochondrial dna may play an important role in attaining longevity.
despite these implicated pathways , longevity may be a polygenic trait influenced by a complex interplay of multiple genes.
ageing increases the risk of the onset of chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer , diabetes , stroke , and neurodegenerative disease.
these provide interaction platforms at molecular levels linked to common hallmarks of ageing and cancer.
thus , the damp hypothesis is novel and complements other theories that explain the features of ageing.
damps represent ideal biomarkers of ageing and provide an attractive target for interventions in ageing and age-associated diseases.
mitochondria are essential organelles and consequently proper expression and maintenance of the mitochondrial genome are indispensable for proper cell function.
here we have performed biochemical investigations to determine the potential regulation of the human suv3 ( hsuv3 ) helicase function by inorganic cofactors.
we find that hsuv3 helicase and atpase activity in vitro is strictly dependent on the presence of specific divalent cations.
interestingly , we show that divalent cations and nucleotide concentration have a direct effect on helicase substrate stability.
also , hsuv3 helicase is able to utilize several different nucleotide cofactors including both ntps and dntps.
intriguingly , the potency of the individual nucleotide as energy source for hsuv3 unwinding differed depending on the included divalent cation and nucleotide concentration.
at low concentrations , all four ntps could support helicase activity with varying effectiveness depending on the included divalent cation.
however , at higher nucleotide concentrations , only atp was able to elicit the helicase activity of hsuv3.
consequently , we speculate that the capacity of hsuv3 dna unwinding activity might be sensitive to the local availability of specific inorganic cofactors.
carbonyl stress is implicated in conditions and diseases like aging , diabetes mellitus , alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases.
methods : methylglyoxal-induced modification of albumin was tested in a cell-free assay.
endothelial cell viability was monitored by impedance measurement in real-time.
changes in the mrna expression of @number@ genes coding tight junction proteins , transporters and enzymes were observed in methylglyoxal-treated hcmec / d3 cells.
conclusions : all-trans-retinoic acid and inhibition of the map / erk signaling pathway may be protective in carbonyl stress induced brain endothelial damage.
ethnopharmacological relevance : heshouwu , the root of polygonum multiflorum , is an anti-aging chinese traditional medicine.
fresh ( raw ) heshouwu is commonly converted to processed heshouwu by specialized heating to alleviate its side effects of diarrhea presumably caused by anthraquinones.
however , raw heshouwu has been noted to be better than processed heshouwu regarding anti-aging effects.
emodin-8-o- ( @number@'-o-malonyl ) -glucoside , a unique anthraquinone glycoside known to be completely eliminated in the conversion process of heshouwu was isolated.
moreover , molecular modeling of emoghrelin docking to the ghrelin receptor was exhibited to explore the possible interaction within the binding pocket.
molecular modeling and docking showed that emoghrelin as well as ghrp-6 could fit in and adequately interact with the binding pocket of the ghrelin receptor.
background / objectives : geriatric patients are highly susceptible to infections.
while reduced lymphocyte count has been associated with age , other studies found no change in wbc counts with age.
increased circulating white blood cell ( wbc ) count has been associated with cardiovascular ( cv ) diseases and frailty but there are discrepancies.
frailty , geriatric conditions , cardiovascular diseases and wbc count have also been associated with low grade inflammation.
association between geriatric conditions and wbc has been scarcely studied.
the aim of the study is to assess the association between wbc and geriatric conditions , cv diseases , and seric il-6 levels.
using stepwise backward multivariate analyses , we defined which set of clinical and biological variables could be predictive of increased total and differential wbc counts.
results : we found that low-grade inflammation is independently associated with total wbc , monocyte and neutrophil counts , but not geriatric conditions.
cv diseases were the only significant associated factor for high monocyte count.
the advanced-age , frail elderly are especially vulnerable to developing pneumococcal infection and disease.
furthermore , despite maintaining the ability to bind and phagocytose bacteria , mdms from these individuals have a reduced capacity to kill s. pneumoniae.
these defects parallel reduced pi3k-akt signaling , which can significantly abrogate bacterial killing , but does not affect cytokine responses.
pyruvate therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases.
the primary role of mitochondria was long considered to be production of cellular energy.
however , as the understanding of mitochondria in disease is ever expanding , so is their additional function for a healthy organism.
mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to a range of pathologies , including cancer , neurodegenerative disorders , premature aging , diabetes and muscular diseases.
mitochondrial diseases can be hard to diagnose and treat and , therefore , interdisciplinary research and communication are important.
this review summarizes key outcomes of the conference.
objective : to determine whether photoaging or natural aging causes a smaller response to a prick-puncture skin test.
the skin was scored for photoaging by physical examination , and coloration was measured by a colorimeter.
results : large variation of photoaging occurred within age groups.
there was marked variability in response to histamine within individual adults , depending on the locale of the tests.
conclusion : photoaging , but not age alone , is associated with a smaller response to histamine in sun-exposed areas.
differences in cardiac physiology are seen between men and women in terms of health and disease.
sex differences start to develop at puberty and are maintained during aging.
cardiac remodeling in patients with hcm is higher in men than in women , the same is seen in hcm animal models.
patients with hcm are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death ( scd ) and developing rhythm disorders.
these data were then subjected to auditory erps extraction and thorough statistical analysis.
no statistical significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) due to age was found in n400 characteristics.
finally , gender-related differences were significant in the response time of the subjects , finding males response faster.
the level and the location of the maximum intensity of sources also differed between genders , especially in young subjects.
the understanding of the molecular mechanism ( s ) of their regulation in atherosclerosis is crucial for potential therapeutic approaches.
preclinical studies support a role for micrornas in the posttranscriptional regulation of these transporters ; however , no evidence is still available on human atherosclerosis.
despite this result , no difference was found at the protein levels analyzed by western blot , thus suggesting a strong posttranscriptional modulation.
microrna microarray and subsequent validation by rt-pcr showed a significant upregulation of abca1-linked mir-758 and mir-33b in plaques from hypercholesterolemic patients.
conclusion : we provide evidence of a strong posttranscriptional regulation of abca1 and abcg1 expression in human atherosclerotic plaques from hypercholesterolemic patients.
this effect is potentially due to the concomitant increase of mir-33b and mir-758 , two well-established regulators of abca1 and abcg1 expression.
background : overtriage has been observed among pediatric patients in emergency departments ( eds ) under 5-level acuity pediatric triage systems.
this study aimed to investigate the causes of overtriage and to provide suggestions for future amendments to such systems.
a logistic regression model was applied to explore the causes of overtriage and the effectiveness of a modified acuity system.
conclusions : heart rate is prone to be affected by emotional responses among pediatric patients in certain specific age groups.
appropriate revisions of the pediatric triage system are suggested.
efferent feedback shapes afferent auditory processing.
auditory attention has been shown to modulate medial olivocochlear ( moc ) efferent activity in human adults.
since auditory attention continues to develop throughout childhood , the present study explored whether attentional control of medial-efferent inhibition in 5-10 year-old children is adult-like.
a stronger moc inhibition was observed when measured during the active listening condition for adults which is consistent with past work.
however , the effect of auditory attention on moc inhibition in children was not robust and was significantly lower compared to that observed for adults.
these findings suggest the potential immaturity of the attentional mediation of moc inhibition in tested children.
we also examined the default mode network ( dmn ) , which influences behavior through reduced activity during tasks.
we found stronger intrinsic functional connectivity in the fpc and dmn in bilinguals than in monolinguals.
the search produced @number@ publications that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the patient population of @number@ years an older.
the authors consider that the knowledge gap in this area requires attention of all stakeholders in the healthcare community.
glia of the central nervous system ( cns ) help to maintain homeostasis in the brain and support efficient neuronal function.
microglia are innate immune cells of the brain that mediate responses to pathogens and injury.
they have key roles in phagocytic clearing , surveying the local microenvironment and propagating inflammatory signals.
an interruption in homeostasis induces a cascade of conserved adaptive responses in glia.
this reorganization of host priorities represents a beneficial response that is normally adaptive but may become maladaptive when the profile of microglia is compromised.
for instance , microglia can develop a primed or pro-inflammatory mrna , protein and morphological profile with aging , traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease.
as a result , primed microglia exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response to secondary and sub-threshold challenges.
consequences of exaggerated inflammatory responses by microglia include the development of cognitive deficits , impaired synaptic plasticity and accelerated neurodegeneration.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' neuroimmunology and synaptic function'.
adult mesenchymal stem cells are a resource for autologous and allogeneic cell therapies for immune-modulation and regenerative medicine.
however , patients most in need of such therapies are often of advanced age.
therefore , the effects of the aged milieu on these cells and their intrinsic aging in vivo are important considerations.
furthermore , these cells may require expansion in vitro before use as well as for future research.
their aging in vitro is thus also an important consideration.
bmscs may be sensitive to age-related diseases and could perpetuate degenerative diseases in which bone remodeling is a contributory factor.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "stem cells and bone \ ".
the corticospinal tract ( cst ) is known to originate from multiple cerebral areas , including the primary motor cortex ( m1 ) .
sixty healthy subjects aged from the 20s to the 70s were recruited , and @number@ subjects were assigned to each age group.
we found that the fiber number of cst fibers from the m2 was decreased in the 70s age group compared with the 20s-50s age groups.
veterans are randomized to nurse telephone support or usual care.
the primary outcome is repeat ed use within @number@ days ; secondary outcomes are patient satisfaction with care and total costs.
results will also be informative to health systems outside va aiming to reduce ed use through accountable care organizations.
future research on need for ltss should focus on projections of need , geographic variations , equity , and unmet needs of consumers and caregivers.
chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant bone cancer , with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis.
angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth and metastasis.
chemokine ccl5 ( previously called rantes ) has been shown to facilitate tumor progression and metastasis.
however , the relationship of ccl5 with vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma is mostly unknown.
microrna analysis was performed in ccl5-treated chondrosarcoma cells versus control cells to investigate the mechanism of ccl5-mediated promotion of chondrosarcoma angiogenesis.
among the mirnas regulated by ccl5 , mir-199a was the most downregulated mirna after ccl5 treatment.
in addition , co-transfection with mir-199a mimic reversed the ccl5-mediated vegf expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
moreover , overexpression of ccl5 increased tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth by downregulating mir-199a in the xenograft tumor angiogenesis model.
taken together , these results demonstrated that ccl5 promotes vegf-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells by downregulating mir-199a.
since @number@ the vaccine , zostavax ( ® ) , has been licensed to prevent herpes zoster.
only limited clinical follow-up data are available to evaluate duration of protection , an important consideration when developing hz vaccination policy recommendations.
the models included number of hz cases parsed into categories by chronological-age and time-since-vaccination as the dependent variable with different explanatory variables in each model.
appendicular lm ( alm ) was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) and this method served as the reference criterion.
there were strong correlations ( range r = @number@.85-0.94 ) between dxa-derived alm and estimated ffm , leg lm or tmm.
total error between dxa-derived alm and tmm ( ∼2 kg ) was lower compared with the three other selected equations ( 6-10 kg ) .
a bland-altman plot revealed that there was no systematic bias between alm and tmm ; however , the other three equations included systematic error.
our results suggest that an ultrasound equation for tmm is appropriate and useful for evaluating skeletal muscle mass in the body.
mutant fus selectively accumulates into discrete cytosolic structures known as stress granules under various stress conditions.
in addition , mutant fus expression can alter the dynamics and morphology of stress granules.
in this issue of neurobiology of aging , ryu et al. uncover the impact of autophagy on the potential toxicity of mutant fus-positive stress granules.
neuronal activity directly promotes the production and secretion of amyloid β ( aβ ) .
in this review , we will highlight the recent evidence for neuronal hyperactivity before or during the onset of cognitive defects in mild cognitive impairment.
furthermore , we review specific molecular mechanisms through which neuronal hyperactivity affects aβ production and degradation.
one such risk factor , high-homocysteine levels in the blood , is known to increase risk for alzheimer's disease and vascular disorders.
no significant within-group associations were found in cognitively healthy people , patients with mild cognitive impairment , or patients with alzheimer's disease.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by cortical atrophy and disrupted anatomic connectivity , and leads to abnormal interactions between neural systems.
diffusion-weighted imaging ( dwi ) and graph theory can be used to evaluate major brain networks and detect signs of a breakdown in network connectivity.
this study suggests that dwi-based network measures may be a novel predictor of ad progression.
fitting the parameters of this model is a challenging problem which we approach using an alternating least squares optimization algorithm.
to validate this optimization scheme under realistic conditions , we use the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative cohort.
freesurfer was applied to scans collected from @number@ participants with very mild ad and @number@ cognitively normal individuals.
principal component analysis was applied to each individual structural measure to generate eigenvectors.
discrimination power based on individual and combined measures are compared , based on stepwise logistic regression and 10-fold cross-validation.
global ad likelihood index and surface-based likelihood maps were also generated.
the classifier integrating all @number@ types of surface measures significantly improved classification performance compared with classification based on single measures.
we present novel features based on the inter-regional covariation of cortical thickness.
initially , the cortical labels of each subject are partitioned into small patches ( graph nodes ) by spatial k-means clustering.
a graph is then constructed by establishing a link between @number@ nodes if the difference in thickness between the nodes is below a certain threshold.
from this binary graph , a thickness network is computed using nodal degree , betweenness , and clustering coefficient measures.
this article examines the diffeomorphometry of magnetic resonance imaging-derived structural markers for the amygdala , in subjects with symptomatic alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
using linear mixed-effects models we show differences between those with symptomatic ad and controls.
the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative recently implemented accelerated t1-weighted structural imaging to reduce scan times.
faster scans may reduce study costs and patient attrition by accommodating people who cannot tolerate long scan sessions.
however , little is known about how scan acceleration affects the power to detect longitudinal brain change.
no such whole-brain difference was detected for the 12-month scan interval ( n = @number@ ) .
effect sizes for structural brain changes were not detectably different in accelerated versus nonaccelerated data.
they have been hypothesized to subserve distinct mnemonic and non-memory cognitive functions and are thought to be associated with differential vulnerability in neurological disorders.
anatomic subregions of interest in the mtl were defined using high-resolution t2-weighted mri and used as seeds for defining the putative networks using fc-bold.
furthermore , cortical thickness in the brain regions defined by these networks was reduced in mci.
regression models have been widely studied to investigate the prediction power of neuroimaging measures as biomarkers for inferring cognitive outcomes in the alzheimer's disease study.
this approach also takes into account the correlation among cognitive outcomes for building a more appropriate predictive model.
compared with traditional methods , g-smurfs not only demonstrates a superior performance but also identifies a small set of surface markers that are biologically meaningful.
characterizing brain changes in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is important for patient prognosis and for assessing brain deterioration in clinical trials.
md and fa were also associated with widely used clinical scores.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) is a key protein in brain plasticity and is particularly important for survival of dopaminergic neurons.
the bdnf met-allele carriers showed a significantly smaller decline in set shifting during follow-up compared with the homozygous bdnf val-allele carriers.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available.
methods : the study of mental and resistance training was a randomized , double-blind , double-sham controlled trial of adults with mci.
secondary outcomes included executive function , memory , and speed / attention tests , and cognitive domain scores.
results : one hundred adults with mci [ @number@ ( @number@ ) years ; @percent@ women ] were enrolled and analyzed.
cognitive training only attenuated decline in memory domain at @number@ months ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function , with maintenance of executive and global benefits over @number@ months.
aim : to assess the relationship between repolarization variables and arterial function.
methods : a total of @number@ participants , aged 33±10years , underwent arteriography and standard 12-lead electrocardiography ( ecg ) .
standard 12-lead ecg enabled measurement of qt and tpeak-tend ( tpte ) intervals and tpte / qt ratios.
results : qt interval was prolonged in patients with elevated blood pressure or body mass index.
conclusion : prolonged qtc and tpe are associated with endothelial dysfunction , arterial stiffness , impaired coronary perfusion and accelerated arterial aging.
amino acids are potent modulators of protein turnover and skeletal muscle cells are highly sensitive to changes in amino acid availability.
during amino acid abundance increased activity of mtorc1 drives protein synthesis and growth.
as such , leucine has received considerable attention as a potential pharmaconutrient for the treatment of numerous muscle wasting conditions.
we conclude that leucine , as a standalone nutritional intervention , is not effective in the prevention of muscle wasting.
background : biological sex differences and sociocultural gender diversity influence endocrine stress reactivity.
investigators collected @number@ salivary cortisol samples throughout a 2-hour afternoon visit involving exposure to the trier social stress test modified to maximize between-sex differences.
results : relative to heterosexual women , lesbian / bisexual women showed higher cortisol stress reactivity @number@ min after exposure to the stressor.
in contrast , gay / bisexual men displayed lower overall cortisol concentrations throughout testing compared with heterosexual men.
conclusions : our results provide novel evidence for gender-based modulation of cortisol stress reactivity based on sexual orientation that goes beyond well-established between-sex differences.
this study raises several important avenues for future research related to the physiologic functioning of lgb populations and gender diversity more broadly.
methods : @number@ subjects from community centers were included in this analysis.
results : those in the ag were younger and healthier , with fewer chronic diseases and fewer depressive symptoms than those in the ig.
they were more satisfied with their lives , and had higher self-esteem.
conclusion : in summary , active ageing was observed in people with better health and functional performance.
our results echoed the limited findings reported in the literature.
implementation of such tests may facilitate early and potentially more effective therapeutic and preventative strategies for ad.
before applying them in clinical practice , these tools should be examined in ongoing large clinical trials.
this review will summarize and highlight the most promising screening tools including neuropsychometric , clinical , blood , and neurophysiological tests.
increasing labor migration and simultaneous aging of societies are two important demographic developments many poor countries face.
elderly people who are left behind may experience a decrease in welfare when their children migrate.
we find positive migration effects on body mass index ( bmi ) , mobility and self-reported health.
no effects are found on depression and cognitive capacity.
these positive effects seem to compensate the elderly for decreasing social contact with their migrant family members.
the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is rising , particularly among the elderly population.
defining aging as successful or unsuccessful has become clinically relevant in the last @number@ years , with an increased recognition of the frail phenotype.
frailty has been shown to be associated with ckd and poorer outcomes , such as death or dialysis.
navigational and reaching spaces are known to involve different cognitive strategies and brain networks , whose development in humans is still debated.
the magic carpet ( mc ) is a new electronic device translating the traditional corsi block-tapping test ( cbt ) to navigational space.
in this study , the mc and the cbt were used to assess spatial memory for navigation and for reaching , respectively.
our hypothesis was that school-age children would not treat mc stimuli as navigational paths , assimilating them to reaching sequences.
ninety-one healthy children aged @number@ to @number@ years and @number@ adults were enrolled.
span increased with age on both tests , but relatively more in navigational than in reaching space , particularly in males.
sequence geometry specifically influenced navigation , not reaching.
the number of body rotations along the path affected mc performance in children more than in adults , and in women more than in men.
error patterns indicated that navigational sequences were increasingly retained as global paths across development , in contrast to separately stored reaching locations.
this implies the integration of egocentric and allocentric reference frames , of visual and idiothetic cues , and access to long-term memory.
this switch is not yet fulfilled at school age due to immature executive functions.
the salience and the relevance of elements present in the parking environment were manipulated during parking manoeuvres.
different effects on manoeuvring were observed depending on driver characteristics such as age and the extent of the field of view ( fv ) .
the distinct effects of salience and relevance suggest that they had different statuses in attentional processing of manoeuvring drivers.
brain iron accumulates during aging and has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease.
magnetic resonance ( mr ) -based r2 mapping enables the in vivo detection of iron content in brain tissue.
mr imaging and r2 mapping in the basal ganglia and neocortex were done at 3t.
comprehensive neuropsychological testing assessed memory , executive function , and psychomotor speed.
these associations were iron load dependent.
vascular brain lesions and brain volume did not mediate the relationship between iron and cognitive performance.
we conclude that higher r2 -determined iron in the basal ganglia correlates with cognitive impairment during brain aging independent of concomitant brain abnormalities.
the prognostic significance of this finding needs to be determined.
axonal transport is critical for supplying newly synthesized proteins , organelles , mrnas , and other cargoes from neuronal cell bodies into axons.
its impairment in many neurodegenerative conditions appears likely to contribute to pathogenesis.
this is important for understanding mechanisms of age-related axon loss and age-related axonal disorders.
here we use fluorescence live imaging of peripheral nerve and central nervous system tissue explants to investigate vesicular and mitochondrial axonal transport.
thus , the age-related decline in axonal transport is not an inevitable consequence of either aging neurons or an aging systemic milieu.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an extremely prevalent cause of dementia.
it is characterized by progressive memory loss , confusion , and other behavioral and physiological problems.
this raises the possibility that reducing levels of p75 could be a treatment for ad by preventing the effects of aβ.
these mice are rescued from the deficits in learning and memory and hippocampal function which were found in the tg2576 mice.
these findings suggest that reduction of p75 can ameliorate some of the primary symptoms of ad.
background : bariatric surgery is associated with cognitive benefits , but the nature of such gains may be variable across demographically and clinically diverse persons.
however , no study has examined the influence of age on cognitive improvements after bariatric surgery.
the objective of this study was to determine the effects of age on cognitive function postbariatric surgery.
results : baseline cognitive impairments were common.
significant improvements were found in attention / executive function and memory abilities 12-weeks and 12-months after surgery.
age was not associated with baseline cognitive test performance.
conclusion : the present study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that older age does not preclude postbariatric surgery cognitive benefits.
the objective of this study was to longitudinally assess hormonal and tissue responses after rygb.
methods : eight patients ( @number@ with t2 dm ) were studied before and after rygb.
a standardized test meal ( stm ) was administered before and at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) was infused during the last hour of the h-clamp.
body composition was assessed with dxa methodology.
results : enrollment body mass index was 49±3 kg / m ( @number@ ) ( x±se ) .
stm glucose and insulin responses were normalized by @number@ and @number@ months.
glp-1 level increased dramatically at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months , normalizing by @number@ and @number@ months.
insulin sensitivity ( m of e-clamp ) increased progressively at 3-12 months as fat mass decreased.
in response to glp-1 infusion , insulin levels fell progressively throughout the @number@ months.
conclusion : the early hypersecretion of glp-1 leads to hyperinsulinemia and early normalization of glucose levels.
the glp-1 response normalizes within @number@ year after surgery.
there is a tightly controlled feedback loop between peripheral tissue sensitivity and β-cell and l-cell ( glp-1 ) responses.
purpose : our study aimed to assess the longitudinal association of frequency of contact with non-cohabitating adult children and risk of depression in the elderly.
methods : elderly aged ≥60 years were included from living profiles of older people survey ( lpops ) in korea.
the baseline assessment , wave @number@ was conducted in @number@ and follow-up assessment , wave @number@ was conducted in @number@
depression was measured using the 15-item geriatric depression scales ( sgds-k ) .
conclusion : these results propose that the risk of subsequent depression in elderly is associated with frequency of contact with non-cohabitating adult children.
the wines were sealed with six types of bottle stoppers.
the results showed that phenolic compounds presented four evolution patterns along with wine aging in bottle , mainly depending on their chemical nature.
most of the anthocyanins had significant differences in concentration amongst the wines sealed with the six bottle stoppers at the 18-month point.
no obvious association was observed between the development of wine sensory characteristics and the evolution of dissolved oxygen in wine.
when infants first begin to sit independently , they are highly unstable and unable to maintain upright sitting posture for more than a few seconds.
over the course of @number@ months , the sitting ability of infants drastically improves.
to investigate the mechanisms controlling the development of sitting posture , a single-degree-of-freedom inverted pendulum model was developed.
the findings of the simulations suggest that infants primarily utilize passive muscle stiffness to remain upright when they first begin to sit.
this passive control mechanism allows the infant to remain upright so that active feedback control mechanisms can develop.
the emergence of active control mechanisms allows infants to integrate sensory information into their movements so that they can exhibit more adaptive sitting.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a heritable neurological disease for which the underlying genetic etiology is only partially understood.
in ireland , 83%-90% of cases are currently unexplained.
however , for the large proportion of risk that remains unexplained , population specificity of pathogenic variants could interfere with the detection of disease-associated loci.
single-population studies are therefore an important complement to larger international collaborations.
several speculative associations were , however , identified at loci that have been previously implicated in als.
the lack of any clear association supports the conclusion that als is likely to be caused by multiple rare genetic risk factors.
the findings of the present study highlight the importance of ongoing genetic research into the cause of als and its likely future challenges.
here , we evaluated the hypothesis that amplitude of these occipital sources is related to neurodegeneration in occipital lobe as measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
resting-state eyes-closed eeg rhythms were recorded in @number@ healthy elderly ( nold ) , @number@ mci , and @number@ ad subjects.
neurodegeneration of occipital lobe was indexed by weighted averages of gray matter density , estimated from structural mris.
eeg rhythms of interest were alpha @number@ ( 8-10.5 hz ) and alpha @number@ ( @date@ hz ) .
eeg cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.
these results suggest that the amplitude of occipital sources of resting-state alpha rhythms is related to ad neurodegeneration in occipital lobe along pathologic aging.
multiple-system atrophy ( msa ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with unknown etiology.
it is widely considered to be a nongenetic disorder , but accumulating evidence suggests that several genes are linked to msa.
this study included @number@ sporadic msa patients from the department of neurology , west china hospital of sichuan university.
all @number@ exons of coq2 in all the patients and exon @number@ in @number@ healthy controls ( hcs ) were directly sequenced.
novel candidate mutations and variations were confirmed by direct sequencing in @number@ hcs.
however , the val393ala variant was not detected in the above @number@ patients.
thirteen msa patients ( @percent@ ) and @number@ controls ( @percent@ ) had the heterozygous variant ( val393ala / nm ) of coq2.
the mutation frequency of coq2 is @percent@ in a chinese msa population.
the common variant val393ala in coq2 does not appear to be associated with msa in ethnic chinese.
sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment are common non-motor manifestations of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
recent studies suggest that sleep spindles and slow waves play a role in brain plasticity mechanisms and are associated with cognitive performance.
however , it remains unknown whether these sleep parameters could serve as markers of cognitive decline in pd.
all participants underwent baseline polysomnographic recording and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
in demented pd patients , lower sleep spindle amplitude in parietal and occipital areas was associated with poorer visuospatial abilities.
results demonstrate non-rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalographic abnormalities in pd patients.
sleep spindle activity was particularly impaired in pd patients who developed dementia , with a more posterior topographic pattern.
tdp-43 inclusions are also found in up to approximately @percent@ of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brains.
in addition , whether causal als mutations represent gain or loss-of-function alleles remains unknown.
we propose that pathogenic tardbp mutations have partial loss-of-function properties and that tardbp p.a90v may increase ad risk by the same mechanism.
glucocorticoids play an important role in cognitive function and act on glucocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid receptors ( mrs ) in the brain.
previously , the blockade of the mr has been shown to impair visuospatial and working memory in healthy young men.
here , we investigated the effects of the mr agonist fludrocortisone on memory in young and elderly healthy individuals.
in concert with the previous studies , our data suggest a role of the mr in memory function.
a cognitive enhancing effect by mr stimulation warrants future studies.
it has been shown however , that human tau overexpression in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice increases aβ plaque deposition.
here , we confirm that human tau increases aβ levels.
we found the extracellular species to be composed predominantly of a series of n-terminal fragments of tau , with no evidence of c-terminal tau fragments.
we characterized a subset of high affinity tau antibodies , each capable of engaging and neutralizing etau.
we found that neutralizing etau reduces aβ levels in vitro in primary human cortical neurons where exogenously adding etau increases aβ levels.
in vivo , neutralizing human tau in @number@ human tau transgenic models also reduced aβ levels.
we show that the human tau insert sequence is sufficient to cause the observed increase in aβ levels.
our data furthermore suggest that neuronal hyperactivity may be the mechanism by which this regulation occurs.
we show that neuronal hyperactivity regulates both etau secretion and aβ production.
electrophysiological analysis shows for the first time that secreted etau causes neuronal hyperactivity.
its induction of hyperactivity may be the mechanism by which etau regulates aβ production.
together with previous findings , these data posit a novel connection between tau and aβ , suggesting a dynamic mechanism of positive feed forward regulation.
aβ drives the disease pathway through tau , with etau further increasing aβ levels , perpetuating a destructive cycle.
several hypotheses have been proposed on how the transcribed repeat rna leads to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
however , despite their importance , factors affecting the transcription of expanded-repeat rna are not well known.
as transcription is dependent on the dna containing the expanded repeats , it is crucial to understand its structure.
g-quadruplexes are known to affect expression on the level of dna , therefore whether they form on the expanded-repeat dna constitutes an important biological question.
this potential structural heterogeneity of longer disease-relevant repeats should therefore be taken into account when studying their role in disease pathogenesis.
cross-sectional studies have shown age-related increases in blood docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid and decreases in arachidonic acid.
we included @number@ men and @number@ women aged 40-79 years at baseline.
these findings suggest a secular increase trend in serum arachidonic acid levels over @number@ years among randomly selected community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly japanese.
introduction : studies have associated the metabolic syndrome with poor sexual function ; the results , however , are controversial.
aims : to evaluate the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and sexual function and to identify the factors associated with poor sexual function.
the only factor related to female sexual function that was associated with the metabolic syndrome was sexual dysfunction in the woman's partner.
reported active ( p = 0.02 ) and passive ( p = 0.01 ) oral sex was associated with an absence of sexual dysfunction.
in the multiple regression analysis , the only factor associated with poor sexual function was being @number@ years of age or more.
conclusions : the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was high and was not associated with poor sexual function in this sample of menopausal women.
the only factor associated with poor sexual function was being over @number@ years of age.
gcs were identified as corpuscular endings consisting of highly branched and coiled axons with many varicosities , which were immunoreactive for protein gene product @number@
objectives : sarcopenia is associated with frailty and disability among the elderly and imposes significant costs on health care systems.
we tested whether adherence to a particular dietary pattern was associated with sarcopenia among the elderly in a district of tehran , iran.
we performed a logistic regression to measure the effect of adherence to each dietary pattern on the odds of sarcopenia.
conclusions : this study suggests that adherence to the mediterranean diet is associated with lower odds of sarcopenia among the iranian elderly.
methods : we searched pubmed , embase , and the cochrane library up to @date@ , and included studies reporting rotator cuff abnormalities by age.
thirty studies including @number@ shoulders met our criteria.
there was a similar increasing prevalence of abnormalities regardless of symptoms or shoulder dislocation.
objective : to analyze the operating situation of a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in eastern shizuoka prefecture.
methods : a retrospective analysis was performed using the conveyance records reported by staff members of the physician-staffed helicopter.
a comparison between @number@ ( n = @number@ ) and @number@ ( n = @number@ ) was performed.
results : there were no significant differences between the @number@ groups with regard to the sex , ratio of cardiopulmonary arrest , and survival ratio.
the average age in @number@ was significantly younger than in @number@ ( @number@ vs @number@ years , p < @number@ ) .
the ratio of trauma case in the @number@ was higher than that in @number@ ( @number@ vs @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
the ratio of severe cases in @number@ was higher than in @number@ ( @number@ vs @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : japan is an aging society.
facial involvement represents a characteristic feature of a wide range of genodermatoses.
specific facial findings often help point to the correct diagnosis , which improves counseling and management.
in particular , this can facilitate the identification and treatment of associated extracutaneous disease.
hopefully , this will provide a practical and clinically useful approach to a large and diverse assortment of genetic skin conditions.
chronic actinic damage of the skin manifests itself as extrinsic skin aging ( photoaging ) and photocarcinogenesis.
during the last decade , substantial progress has been made in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoaging.
chronic actinic damage affects all layers of the skin.
these changes include actinic keratosis , thickening and wrinkling , elastosis , telengiectasia , solar comedones , diffuse or mottled hyperpigmentation , and skin cancers.
there are many options in the treatment of changes caused by chronic actinic damage.
the most effective measure of prevention of the photoaging and photocarcinogenesis is sun protection.
heat shock increases skin temperature during sun exposure and some evidence indicates that it may be involved in skin aging.
we investigated the effects of heat shock on collagenase expression when the antioxidant defense system was downregulated by knockdown of nrf2.
gsh and collagenases were analyzed , and the expression of inducible nrf2 , ho-1 , and nqo1 was measured.
hs68 cells were transfected with small interfering rna against nrf2.
heat shock induced the downregulation of nrf2 in both the cytosol and nucleus and reduced the expression of ho-1 , gsh , and nqo1.
in addition , heat-exposed nrf2-knockdown cells showed significantly increased levels of collagenase protein and decreased levels of procollagen.
our data suggest that nrf2 plays an important role in protection against heat shock-induced collagen breakdown in skin.
age was associated with an increase and hispanic ethnicity with a decrease in the prevalence of high hdl-c.
an informant completed a baseline questionnaire that included @number@ memory and @number@ nonmemory scc questions relating to the participant.
neuropsychological , functional , and diagnostic assessments were carried out at baseline and again at 4-year follow-up.
informant-related memory questions were associated with global cognitive and functional decline and with diagnostic conversion over @number@ years.
conclusion : informant memory complaint questions were better than participant complaints in predicting cognitive and functional decline as well as diagnoses over @number@ years.
these medicines are used to augment the cardiovascular function of critically ill patients.
each class of medication produces a different hemodynamic effect.
some agents produce only one of these actions , whereas others have multiple effects.
for the emergency physician , these agents are used with the explicit goal of preserving vital organ perfusion during acute and severe illness.
this article reviews the physiologic receptors targeted by such drugs , common agents used , and specific clinical indications for their use.
management of bleeding peptic ulcers is increasingly challenging in an aging population.
endoscopic therapy reduces the need for emergency surgery in bleeding peptic ulcers.
initial endoscopic control offers an opportunity for selecting high-risk ulcers for potential early preemptive surgery.
however , such an approach has not been supported by evidence in the literature.
endoscopic retreatment can be an option to control ulcer rebleeding and reduce complications.
the success of endoscopic retreatment largely depends on the severity of rebleeding and ulcer characteristics.
large chronic ulcers with urgent bleeding are less likely to respond to endoscopic retreatment.
expeditious surgery is advised.
the deep-plane midface lift offers many advantages in midface rejuvenation.
the well-vascularized deep-plane flap minimizes complications.
outcomes can be maximized because tension exists " invisibly , " only at the fascia level.
consistent , natural , and long-lasting aesthetic results are achieved.
the midface has suffered vigorous challenges in terms of rejuvenation techniques over the years.
a variety of alternatives are available for facial skeletal and soft tissue volume enhancement.
no technique is ideal in every patient.
computer modeling provides improved methods to assess volumetric changes to augment and restore the facial volume.
the authors have been performing autologous fat grafting for facial rejuvenation for @number@ years and the procedure has evolved significantly during this time.
to this day , the authors maintain that for isolated filling of lips and nasolabial folds , off the- shelf fillers are a better alternative.
the authors treat these areas , however , as part of a current philosophy of smaller volumes over larger areas.
currently , the authors are interested in quantitatively documenting results and evolving autologous fat transfer to a more predictable procedure.
the greatest overall improvement is the extent of midface ptosis and infraorbital hollowing at the lower eyelid-cheek junction followed by improvement in the nasolabial region.
improvement in jowling was common but less significant than the improvement of the midface structures.
the authors think that this dramatic improvement is owing to multiple factors.
unlike other midfacial techniques , the transtemporal midface achieves pull in @number@ vectors , directing the repositioning of tissuesboth superiorly and laterally.
this superior vector more accurately reverses the forces of aging displayed on the ptotic midface.
careful and deliberate preoperative counseling of patients regarding the possible bumps in the road to recovery is critical.
the transeyelid approach to midface lift is an elegant approach for mild descent of malar soft tissue.
the subciliary approach is the most commonly used and technically less challenging for surgeons experienced in facelift techniques.
complication is rare with lid malposition , scaring , and temporary nerve function impairment being the most common.
the management of patients with festoons is a highly challenging undertaking with potential to drastically alter the appearance of those afflicted.
traditional teaching has focused on excision and tightening of the pathologic muscle with subsequent removal of excess skin.
fat preservation lower lid blepharoplasty is the authors ' preferred technique for surgical rejuvenation of the aging lower lid.
key technical refinements are overlaid on a conceptual framework developed over the past @number@ decades by several investigators.
the use of the orbicularis oculi muscle suspension flap is a useful adjunct to the transcutaneous approach to lower lid blepharoplasty.
the transconjunctival approach to lower lid blepharoplasty provides access for both fat resection and transposition to soften tear trough deformities and correct infraorbital fat herniation.
midfacial aging is a multifactorial , 3-d process that involves volume loss , volume descent , and skin alterations.
every anatomic component of the midface is affected.
methods : we performed a retrospective analysis of the prospective database of our level @number@ trauma center.
patients aged @number@ years or older were identified over @number@ months , representing @number@ months prior and also after the implementation of the new program.
logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with moderate-to-severe disability at hospital discharge in teaching and nonteaching hospitals.
results : of @number@ patients with ais who underwent thrombectomy during the study period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were admitted on a weekend.
no weekend effect on discharge clinical outcome was seen in teaching hospitals.
background : stroke survivors represent a target population in need of intervention strategies to promote cognitive function and prevent dementia.
both exercise and recreational activities are promising strategies.
we assessed the effect of a 6-month exercise and recreation program on executive functions in adults with chronic stroke.
methods : a 6-month ancillary study within a multicentre randomized trial.
participants of the d-int group received usual care.
the primary outcome measure was the stroop test , a cognitive test of selective attention and conflict resolution.
secondary cognitive measures included set shifting and working memory.
mood , functional capacity , and general balance and mobility were additional secondary outcome measures.
improved selective attention and conflict resolution was significantly associated with functional capacity at @number@ months ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
thus , clinicians should consider prescribing exercise and recreational activities in the cognitive rehabilitation of chronic stroke survivors.
this study investigates the age-related differences in skeletal muscle mass ( sm ) , muscle strength and physical performance in mainland chinese.
based on available data , the reference values ( criteria ) for the definition of sarcopenia in elderly chinese were explored.
in this study , hs and gs declined significantly after @number@ years and very dramatically after @number@ years.
utilizing asian working group for sarcopenia ( awgs ) criteria in our population results in a very low prevalence of low sm and low gs.
these findings indicate that it is necessary to establish an outcomes-based and ethnic-specific set of reference values for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in elderly chinese.
since dietary interventions can alter neurodegenerative processes , csb ( m / m ) mice were given a high-fat , caloric-restricted , or resveratrol-supplemented diet.
high-fat feeding rescued the metabolic , transcriptomic , and behavioral phenotypes of csb ( m / m ) mice.
mechanistically , csb can displace activated parp1 from damaged dna to limit its activity.
this study connects two emerging longevity metabolites , β-hydroxybutyrate and nad ( + ) , through the deacetylase sirt1 and suggests possible interventions for cs.
diseases due to dna damage repair machinery defects can resemble premature aging.
in this issue of cell metabolism , scheibye-knudsen et al.
negative hallucinations create blank spaces , due to both an impossible representation and an incapability of investment in reality.
they have a close relationship with cotard's syndrome , delusional theme of organ denial observed in melancholic syndromes in the elderly.
methods : phenomenological approach.
the phenomenology of negative hallucinations provides quite an amount of information on the origin of the psychotic symptoms when one is rather old.
results : the connections between hallucinations , mood disorders and negative symptoms are often difficult to live with for the nearest and dearest.
although the negative hallucination has an anti traumatic function in elderly people fighting against mental pain , it still represents a deficiency in symbolization.
the prevalence of this symptom is without doubt underestimated , although its presence often underlines thymic suffering that is more striking.
conclusions : we propose in this article to review the clinical symptoms of negative hallucinations in the elderly and the way to manage them.
the medicinal approaches are not always effective.
objective : to review the discovery of chromothripsis and analyze its impact on human reproduction.
design : database and literature analysis.
setting : university hospital.
patient ( s ) : carriers of massive and complex chromosomal rearrangements.
intervention ( s ) : cytogenetic analysis and molecular testing ( fluorescence in situ hybridization , microarray , whole-genome sequencing ) .
result ( s ) : databases were searched for the literature published up to @date@ .
several mechanisms involving abortive apoptosis , telomere erosion , mitotic errors , micronuclei formation , and p53 inactivation might cause chromothripsis.
data presented in this review support the assumption that chromothripsis could operate in human germlines and during early embryonic development.
chromothripsis might arise more frequently than previously thought in both gametogenesis and early human embryogenesis.
some affected individuals have intellectual disability , seizures , undescended testicles in males , and teeth and hair abnormalities.
sanger sequencing of ckap2l in a further eight unrelated individuals with clinical features consistent with filippi syndrome revealed biallelic mutations in four subjects.
the observed cellular phenotypes are in keeping with data from in vitro and in vivo knockdown studies performed in human cells and mice , respectively.
our findings show that loss-of-function mutations in ckap2l are a major cause of filippi syndrome.
community-dwelling population of older chinese adults were interviewed from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
prevalence estimates were presented according to self-reported quality of life ( qol ) .
it was found that the prevalence of self-neglect was @percent@ for mild self-neglect and @percent@ for moderate to severe self-neglect.
the study's authors conclude that elder self-neglect is prevalent , especially in elderly adults with poorer qol.
future research is needed to examine risk and protective factors associated with elder self-neglect.
capacity evaluations must integrate multiple sources of data and focus on functional abilities.
understanding the legal standard underlying the capacity needed for a specific decision is key in making a clinical opinion relevant in legal settings.
elder abuse is a public health problem growing more pervasive despite being grossly underreported and underdetected.
annually , many vulnerable older adults suffer various forms of abuse threatening their overall health , quality of life , and survival.
health care professionals encounter elder abuse in the community and in medical offices , emergency rooms , hospitals , and long-term care facilities.
there are physiologic changes associated with aging.
there are also medical conditions that occur more commonly with advancing age.
these changes and conditions increase an older adult's vulnerability to and injuries from abuse or neglect.
an older adult may have more difficulty recovering from an abuse incident.
the investigation of abuse or neglect may be more difficult because of aging changes.
design : multicenter , prospective , double-masked , controlled clinical trial.
methods : corneas from donors @number@ to @number@ years of age were assigned by @number@ eye banks to participants without respect to recipient factors.
donor and recipient diabetes status was determined from existing medical records.
main outcome measures : time to graft failure ( regraft or cloudy cornea for @number@ consecutive months ) and ecd.
conclusions : the study results do not suggest an association between donor diabetes and pk outcome.
however , the assessment of donor diabetes was imprecise and based on historical data only.
the increasing frequency of diabetes in the aging population in the united states affects the donor pool.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has a high prevalence in the elderly population.
almost half of the population reaches moderate impairment ( ckd @number@ ) by @number@ years of age.
this article describes ckd staging in the geriatric population and several common clinical presentations of renal disease.
diagnosis and treatment regimens of ckd are discussed.
geriatric patients are at an increased risk for renal dysfunction from many causes.
some causes are inherent with aging , such as gross structural and cellular changes , decrease in physiologic function , and lowered vascular compensatory reserve.
exposures , including medications and diagnostic testing , are contributors to acute kidney injury.
after a short delay , the second , re-presentation , phase involved passively viewing the aversive images from the reappraisal task.
during active regulation , older individuals showed greater drops in negative affect and inverse rostrolateral prefrontal-amygdala connectivity.
these data suggest that one source of heightened emotionality in adolescence is a diminished ability to cognitively down-regulate aversive reactions.
background : the surgical population is aging , and greater numbers of surgical patients are being discharged to skilled nursing facilities.
post-acute care is a poorly understood but very important aspect of our healthcare system.
results & conclusions : abstracts ( @number@ ) were screened and @number@ articles were reviewed in full.
twenty-nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis.
this area of care currently represents a \ "black box \ " to practicing surgeons.
an understanding of these factors maybe instrumental to determining future directions for research to maximize positive outcomes for these patients.
objective : to examine the perspectives of youth on factors that influence mental health service use after aging out of foster care.
data were analyzed using a modified grounded-theory approach.
past mental health service experiences influenced whether youth viewed treatment options as beneficial.
youth identified limited self-efficacy and insufficient psychosocial supports \ "cueing action \ " during their transition out of foster care.
barriers to accessing mental health services included difficulties obtaining health insurance , finding a mental health provider , scheduling appointments , and transportation.
these data implicate causative pura mutations responsible for the severe neurological phenotypes observed in this syndrome.
material and methods : the study population comprised the complete cohort of @number@ men who underwent rp between @number@ and @number@
risk of mortality was calculated using a competing risk model.
results : during follow-up @number@ patients died , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of pca and @number@ ( @percent@ ) of other causes.
the cumulative incidence of pca mortality was @percent@ [ @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) @number@ @number@ ] after @number@ years.
relative survival was significantly above @number@ for rp patients , except for high-risk patients.
overall , the gain in life expectancy in men undergoing rp compared with the general population was @number@ years.
conclusion : this population-based study demonstrated that the gain in life expectancy with rp compared with the general population in denmark is minimal.
there are limited data regarding the effect of age on the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias ( vtas ) .
the cumulative incidence of a first vta through @number@ years of follow-up was significantly lower in older patients than in younger patients.
we investigated recent trends in the incidence and mortality associated with the @number@ major types of ami.
as risk factors , hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and dyslipidemia were much more common in patients with nstemi than stemi.
patients with stemi and nstemi were more inclined to be increasingly treated by invasive treatments with percutaneous coronary intervention.
the global population is aging , and with that comes new challenges.
optimal care must be delivered to minimize the time spent in the acute care setting.
avoiding costly complications and focusing on health promotion rather than disease management will be key.
geriatrics is a complex patient population and basic nursing care is essential to prevent unnecessary complications if our health care system is to survive.
our profession is ill prepared to optimally care for this patient population.
the reflection of an ultrasound ( us ) wave is strongest when the propagation direction of the wave is perpendicular to muscle fascicles.
an analysis of covariance revealed that muscle ei values remained different ( p < @number@ ) between age groups after adjustment for differences in pa.
thus , after statistically adjusting the mean ei values for the differences in pa , there were still significant age-related differences in ei.
we analyzed @number@ \ "normal \ " patients in whom kidney shear wave speed was assessed by means of arfi elastography.
five valid arfi elastographic measurements were obtained in all \ "normal \ " patients in both kidneys.
design : population-based cohort study.
setting : framingham , massachusetts.
participants : individuals with two measures of bmd at the femoral neck ( mean age @number@ @number@ male , @number@ female ) .
interactions were tested by including the term \ "fall history change in bmd \ " in the models.
results : mean change in bmd was @number@.6% / year ; @percent@ of participants reported falls , and @percent@ reported recurrent falls.
seventy-six incident hip and @number@ incident nonvertebral fractures occurred over a median follow-up of @number@ years.
results for recurrent fallers were similar.
conclusion : the effect of bmd loss on risk of nonvertebral fracture may be greater in persons without a history of falls.
composite resin rods were cemented to the zirconia plates with @number@ different cements.
the surface treatment of zirconia followed the manufacturers ' instructions for each cement.
specimens were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine , and the data were analyzed with 2-way anova ( α = .05 ) .
weibull parameters ( modulus and characteristic strength ) also were calculated for each group.
results : two-way anova revealed that only the aging condition significantly affected the bond strength to zirconia.
the cement and the interaction of the cement and aging did not significantly affect the shear bond strength to zirconia.
the highest bond strength for both cements was achieved at @number@ hours , whereas the lowest bond strength values were recorded in the immediate groups.
aging had a significant effect on the shear bond strength of the @number@ self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia.
objective : treating insomnia includes challenging unrealistic beliefs that may contribute to anxieties and wakefulness.
this study explored beliefs about the shape and continuity of healthy adult sleep at different adult ages.
plots were drawn to show sleep depth and awakenings across the night.
results : seventy percent conceptualized healthy sleep as an unbroken u shape and @number@ year olds were depicted with deeper sleep than @number@ year olds.
about @percent@ of younger adults and three quarters of older adults showed both healthy @number@ and @number@ year olds sleep without awakenings.
conclusion : unrealistic sleep beliefs are widespread , with healthy sleep usually being mistakenly conceptualized as unbroken , even in older adults.
education that awakenings are part of normal sleep may have preventative health implications and reduce sleep anxieties.
following this first step , a molecular rearrangement occurs , rearrangement of amadori resulting to the formation of maillard products.
glycation can cause the clouding of the lens by inducing reactions crosslinking proteins.
specialized receptors ( rage , galectin 3… ) bind age.
this is especially true at the level of endothelial cells : the attachment of age to rage receptor causes an increase in vascular permeability.
diabetic retinopathy is related to excessive secretion of vascular growth factor ( vascular endothelial growth factor [ vegf ] ) .
age-rage receptor binding causes the synthesis and secretion of vegf.
balanced diet or some drugs can limit the deleterious effect of age.
mothers and their 9-month-old infants wore head-mounted eye trackers while mothers carried their infants in a forward-facing infant carrier through a series of indoor hallways.
similar to screen-based studies , during free viewing in the real world low-level saliency was related to gaze direction.
results indicate that several aspects of visual exploration of a flat screen display do not generalize to visual exploration in the real world.
i believe that the restriction of cell proliferation in an aging multicellular organism is not a consequence of implementing a special program.
apparently , there is no special program of aging.
even the regeneration of these organs with the help of stem cells could lead to a breach of the necessary interactions in complex systems.
however , at present it seems that the data obtained in such models cannot be automatically applied to the situation in the whole organism.
@number@ years ago life expectancy was between @number@ to @number@ years , but today close to @number@ million people are @number@ yeas old or more.
during the last century aging has been associated with decline and decay , but gradually more people lived ably and healthily in older ages.
there are few studies from east and central european countries on health-status , lifestyle and social circumstances of medical professionals.
questionnaires compiled by an expert group and filled in by @number@ physicians ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) were analysed.
men mostly work as surgeons , women were mostly employed as primary care specialists.
women changed their specialty and / or place of work more often than men.
male primary care physicians had more children than women and others specialists.
at graduation , most of them had a normal bmi.
since then , a significant increase in weight and bmi was observed in both genders and across all specialty groups.
the largest increase in body weight and bmi ( mean @number@ ) was recorded among female primary care physicians.
recorded physical activity was low in general , with male primary care specialists being most active and female primary care physicians the least.
female doctors in surgical specialties had longer resting time.
male physicians rarely participated in regular health screenings.
the incidence of hypertension was higher than the hungarian national average for that age.
about @percent@ of primary care physicians identified themselves as regular smokers.
abstinence and regular daily alcohol consumption were reported in equal ratio.
burn-out symptoms were rarely experienced.
this generation had started its medical profession before the significant progressive changes in the medicine occurred in the last decades.
in general , they were not satisfied with the financial and working conditions of the recent hungarian healthcare system.
yet pharmacologic and clinical data are lacking.
no study has demonstrated non-inferiority of the subcutaneous route in comparison to other parenteral routes of administration.
randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous antibiotic administration given its frequent use in an aging population.
the sequence of the human genome represents our genetic blueprint.
here , i summarize our current understanding of epigenetics and it affects gene expression , with impacts on health and aging.
methods : this retrospective multicenter study enrolled @number@ representative general hospitals from @date@ to @date@ .
results : the study enrolled @number@ patients.
the total number was increasing year by year.
biliary ap was the most frequent primary cause.
hypertriglyceridemic ap increased at a faster rate than alcoholic ap.
there was higher proportion of alcoholic and hypertriglyceridemic ap in men than in women.
there is an increase of ap patients with ages @number@ to @number@ years and older than @number@ years.
severe ap was classified among @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
etiology distribution was different between severe ap and mild ap ( p < @number@ ) .
mortality in the hospital was @percent@ , and there was no difference in each group.
recrudesce of hypertriglyceridemic ap was higher ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : acute pancreatitis patients increased year by year in beijing.
gallstones were the predominant etiological factor.
there were different etiology proportion of ap according age , sex , and severity.
in addition , we validated that purified mi061 significantly interferes ligand binding to egfr and blocks egfr's phosphorylation.
these results indicated that engineered mi061 retains both binding specificity and affinity of cetuximab for egfr.
taken together , our present study provides compelling evidence that engineered minibody is more effective and promising agent for in vivo targeting of solid tumors.
the heart is highly energy dependent with most of its energy provided by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
mitochondria also play a role in many other essential cellular processes including metabolite synthesis and calcium storage.
therefore , maintaining a functional population of mitochondria is critical for cardiac function.
efficient degradation and replacement of dysfunctional mitochondria ensures cell survival , particularly in terminally differentiated cells such as cardiac myocytes.
mitochondria are eliminated via mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy.
in the heart , mitophagy is an essential housekeeping process and required for cardiac homeostasis.
reduced autophagy and accumulation of impaired mitochondria have been linked to progression of heart failure and aging.
we also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitophagy and directions for future investigation.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted among @number@ consenting uyghur elderly in @number@ in six randomly selected communities / villages in xinjiang.
@percent@ were suffering from other chronic diseases , @percent@ could take care of themselves and @percent@ had experienced negative events during last two years.
chaperones are central to the proteostasis network ( pn ) and safeguard the proteome from misfolding , aggregation , and proteotoxicity.
we categorized the human chaperome of @number@ genes into network communities using function , localization , interactome , and expression data sets.
these repression and induction clusters are enhanced in the brains of those with alzheimer's , huntington's , or parkinson's disease.
functional properties of the chaperome were assessed by perturbation in c. elegans and human cell models expressing aβ , polyglutamine , and huntingtin.
of @number@ c. elegans orthologs , knockdown of @number@ enhanced both aβ and polyq-associated toxicity.
these results identify a critical chaperome subnetwork that functions in aging and disease.
telomeric repeat binding factor @number@ ( trf2 ) , which plays a central role in telomere capping , is frequently increased in human tumors.
we further show that trf2 is a transcriptional target of wt1 and is required for proliferation , migration , and tube formation of endothelial cells.
these angiogenic effects of trf2 are uncoupled from its function in telomere capping.
instead , trf2 binds and transactivates the promoter of the angiogenic tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor receptor β ( pdgfrβ ) .
these findings reveal an unexpected role of trf2 in neoangiogenesis and delineate a distinct function of trf2 as a transcriptional regulator.
patients with down syndrome ( ds ) invariably develop alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathology in their 40s.
here , we report a function of snx27 in regulating β-amyloid ( aβ ) generation by modulating γ-secretase activity.
downregulation of snx27 using rnai increased aβ production , whereas overexpression of full-length snx27 , but not snx27δpdz , reversed the rnai-mediated aβ elevation.
snx27 associates with the γ-secretase complex subunit presenilin @number@ this interaction dissociates the γ-secretase complex , thus decreasing its proteolytic activity.
our study establishes a molecular mechanism for aβ-dependent pathogenesis in both ds and ad.
measures of u.s. neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage are more readily available but are rarely used clinically.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : united states.
however , within the most disadvantaged @percent@ of neighborhoods , rehospitalization rates increased from @percent@ to @percent@ with worsening adi.
limitation : no direct markers of care quality or access.
conclusion : residence within a disadvantaged u.s. neighborhood is a rehospitalization predictor of magnitude similar to chronic pulmonary disease.
measures of neighborhood disadvantage , such as the adi , could potentially be used to inform policy and care after hospital discharge.
human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells ( huc-mscs ) of wharton's jelly origin undergo adipogenic , osteogenic , and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro.
recent studies have consistently shown their therapeutic potential in various human disease models.
however , the biological effects of major pregnancy complications on the cellular properties of huc-mscs remain to be studied.
gdm-uc-mscs also displayed significantly lower osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials than n-uc-mscs.
our findings also underscore the importance of the critical assessment of the biological impact of maternal-fetal conditions in biological studies and clinical applications of huc-mscs.
however , there are limited data on influence of serum 25 ( oh ) d on risk and prognosis of malignant melanoma.
conclusions : our data support the concept that serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations are associated with risk and prognosis of melanoma.
whether normalizing serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations in these patients improves outcomes will require testing in future clinical trials.
sound waves emitted by two or more simultaneous sources reach the ear as one complex waveform.
london : mit press , @number@ ] .
harmonicity provides an important cue for auditory scene analysis.
normally , harmonics at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency are perceived as one sound with a pitch corresponding to the fundamental frequency.
journal of experimental psychology : human perception and performance , @number@ 1072-1089 , @number@ ] .
here we examine the emergence of object-related responses to an @percent@ harmonic mistuning in infants between @number@ and @number@ months of age.
two-month-old infants showed no significant object-related response.
neuropsychologia , @number@ 218-229 , @number@ ] .
objective : self-perception of changes in body fat among hiv + persons is associated with decreased health related quality of life in cross-sectional studies.
methods : relationships between body fat changes and change in short form-36 physical and mental component summary scores were investigated using mixed-model regression.
results : we studied @number@ hiv + and @number@ hiv- men.
no significant changes were seen in mental component scores by fat change location or severity.
mental component summary score was not associated with body fat changes , but higher mental component summary score was associated with increasing age and time.
empathic accuracy is the ability to correctly identify others ' thoughts and feelings.
based on evidence from past laboratory experiments , researchers concluded that this ability decreases throughout adulthood.
in contrast , there were no age differences in empathic accuracy for positive feelings and for thoughts accompanying experiences of positive affect.
these results were independent of the age of the interaction partner.
the authors examined longitudinal change in positive affect ( pa ) , a component of subjective well-being.
latent growth curve modeling was used to assess change in pa.
these results were discussed with reference to the well-being paradox.
this model was analyzed as a parallel process model.
second , baseline level of pp predicted em performance at centering age ( @number@ ) and rate of 9-year em change.
third , we observed no main effects of apoe on em or sm.
fourth , em was affected by higher pp but differentially less so for carriers of the apoe ε2 allele than the ε3 or ε4 alleles.
elevated amyloid-β peptide ( aβ ) in brain contributes to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
we demonstrated the presence of exosome-associated aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) of cynomolgus monkeys and app transgenic mice.
the levels of exosome-associated aβ notably decreased in the csf of aging animals.
we also determined that neuronal exosomes , but not glial exosomes , had abundant glycosphingolipids and could capture aβ.
infusion of neuronal exosomes into brains of app transgenic mice decreased aβ and amyloid depositions , similarly to what reported previously on neuroblastoma-derived exosomes.
the use of implanted pacemaker devices is increasing worldwide , owing to technological advances , new indications , and an aging population.
despite greater experience in implantation and improved device sophistication , patients continue to face complications associated with hardware implantation and device malfunction.
the electrocardiographic diagnosis of hyperkalemia and acute myocardial infarction in paced rhythms is also discussed.
potential sources of electromagnetic interference and special considerations pertaining to the cardiac resuscitation of patients with implanted cardiac devices are reviewed.
finally , a basic approach to implanted devices ( which often accompany pacemaker devices ) is presented.
background : degenerative lumbar scoliosis ( dls ) progresses with aging after 50-60 years , and the genetic association of dls remains largely unclear.
in this study , the genetic association between collagen type ii alpha @number@ ( col2a1 ) gene and dls was investigated.
methods : col2a1 gene polymorphism was investigated in dls subjects compared to healthy controls to investigate the possibility of its association with col2a1 gene.
the snp effects were analyzed using three models of codominant , dominant , and recessive.
conclusions : the results suggest that col2a1 is associated with the risk of dls in korean population.
the modern pharmacological research shows that eucommia ulmoides has many functions , such as anti-aging , antitumor and bone cell proliferation.
this paper studied the resin purification process optimization conditions and antihypertensive effect of eucommia ulmoides oliver.
also , the extracts of eucommia ulmoides oliver can significantly increase the content of serum no and reduce the content of et.
the possible genotoxicity of extremely low frequency magnetic field ( elf-mf ) exposure is still a controversial topic.
only a few studies deal with non sinusoidal elf-mf , including pulsed magnetic field ( pmf ) , which are produced by several devices.
moreover , cytotoxicity evaluation , by mtt assay and cell cycle analysis , was performed at various points of time after the treatment.
taken together , results suggest that pmf exposure does not interfere with genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress.
introduction : activated microglia are associated with the progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , as well as many other neurodegenerative diseases of aging.
microglia are therefore key targets for therapeutic intervention.
areas covered : β-amyloid ( aβ ) deposits activate the complement system , which , in turn , stimulates microglia to release neurotoxic materials.
research has focused primarily on anti-inflammatory agents to temper this toxic effect.
studies in transgenic mice have suggested a number of possible anti-inflammatory approaches but they may not always be a good model.
an example is vaccination with antibodies to aβ , which is effective in mouse models , but has repeatedly failed in clinical trials.
biomarker studies indicate that ad commences many years prior to clinical onset.
however , any such treatment must be started early in the disease.
this retrospective longitudinal study evaluated patient characteristics associated with crc screening in our hiv cohort.
patients were followed beginning at age @number@ years during a study period from @date@ to @date@ ( n = 265 ) .
during a median follow-up time of @number@ years , only @percent@ of patients underwent crc screening.
no cases of crc were reported.
our findings suggest hiv providers are more likely to address non-hiv-related healthcare maintenance when hiv is controlled.
in addition , a significant number of neoplastic lesions are likely being missed in plwha who have not been screened for crc.
provision of evidence-based preventive care in addition to hiv care is required for the aging population of plwha.
however , brain exposure to high cortisol concentrations may also accelerate disease progression and cognitive decline.
a clinical and neuropsychological follow-up was performed in a subgroup of participants with mci-ad , mci-o , and ad dementia.
csf cortisol concentrations were increased in the subjects with ad dementia or mci-ad compared with subjects with mci-o or normal cognition.
the findings suggest that hpa-axis dysregulation occurs at the mci stage of ad and may accelerate disease progression and cognitive decline.
the population of adults with duchenne muscular dystrophy is increasing rapidly.
this study examined the process of change in parental behaviors during their son's transition.
the participants were @number@ parents with sons aged 15-30 years.
data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.
eleven categories of behaviors were identified across three domains : emotional , physical , and determination.
objective : analysing dietary data to capture how individuals typically consume foods is dependent on the coding variables used.
individual foods consumed simultaneously , like coffee with milk , are given codes to identify these combinations.
our literature review revealed a lack of discussion about using combination codes in analysis.
the present study identified foods consumed at mealtimes and by race when combination codes were or were not utilized.
design : duplicate analysis methods were performed on separate data sets.
the original data set consisted of all foods reported ; each food was coded as if it was consumed individually.
setting : healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span study.
subjects : african-american and white adults with two dietary recalls ( n @number@ ) .
results : differences existed in lists of foods most frequently consumed by mealtime and race when comparing results based on original and revised data sets.
conclusions : use of combination codes provided more accurate representation of how foods were consumed by populations.
this information is beneficial when creating interventions and exploring diet-health relationships.
thus , few patents describing sirt inhibitors have been found in @number@ - @number@ period.
little is known about how immobilization of the right lower limb might affect driving.
an instrumented car was used to measure the emergency braking times during braking tests with and without a distractor.
the foot movement times were significantly increased with both immobilization devices compared with the running shoe ( p < @number@ ) .
wearing an immobilization device on the right lower limb minimally lengthens the emergency braking time in healthy drivers under actual driving conditions.
methods : we administered a neuropsychological battery to pd participants in the michael j. fox foundation aj consortium.
glucocerbrosidase mutation carriers were excluded.
we compared performance on each neuropsychological test between carriers and non-carriers.
participants in new york ( n = @number@ ) were evaluated with the entire battery.
tel aviv participants ( n = @number@ ) were evaluated on attention , executive function and psychomotor speed tasks.
intra-expert and inter-expert agreements were calculated as f1-scores , cohen's kappa ( κ ) , and intra-class correlation coefficient ( icc ) .
results : we found an average intra-expert f1-score agreement of 72±7% ( κ : @number@.66±0.07 ) .
the average inter-expert agreement was 61±6% ( κ : @number@.52±0.07 ) .
amplitude and frequency of discrete spindles were calculated with higher reliability than the estimation of spindle duration.
reliability of sleep spindle scoring can be improved by using qualitative confidence scores , rather than a dichotomous yes / no scoring system.
objective : to explore the association between use of sedative drugs and frailty.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : participants were @number@ men and @number@ women aged @number@ years or older.
results : overall , @percent@ of the participants took sedative drugs , most frequently hypnotics and antidepressants.
sedative drug use was at @percent@ for frail , @percent@ for prefrail , and @percent@ for nonfrail participants.
advancing age but not sex remained significant ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : higher sl was positively associated with phenotype frailty and the fi.
the neuromodulation of motor excitability has been shown to improve functional movement in people with central nervous system damage.
all participants received an accumulated @number@ min of nmes ( @number@ hz , @number@ ms on / 800 ms off ) of the median nerve.
the results showed that nmes significantly enhanced the mep in all @number@ groups.
the silent period , h-reflex and maximum m-wave were not changed by nmes.
we conclude that nmes enhances low motor excitability in patients with sca and that the mechanism of the neuromodulation was supra-segmental.
these findings are potentially relevant to the utilization of nmes for preparation of motor excitability.
the protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( nct02103075 ) .
frailty syndrome is defined as extreme stress vulnerability and decreased potential to adapt.
the elderly and chronically ill patients are affected mostly.
this condition increases the risk of adverse health outcomes as infections , falls , delirium , institutionalization , progression of comorbidities and mortality.
the pathophysiological mechanism is a complex immune and neuroendocrine dysregulation.
aging , frailty , dementia and depression are independent clinical entities ; they may present separately but may also potentiate each other.
hence most of the frailty scales assess the physical , mental and social dimensions as well.
mild or moderate frailty is potentially reversible with an individualised caring plan.
given short , easy-to-use screening tools , risk groups can be identified in the primary care and referred to a specialised team for further treatment.
here the authors summarise the literature of a re-discovered , current clinical phenomena , frailty syndrome , focusing on the practical issues in primary care.
ros , identified as signaling molecules , are responsible for maintaining redox homeostasis in vivo.
mitochondria are the main pool of ros production and act as the key organelles in modulating intracellular redox homeostasis.
cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) remain the leading cause of death in the united states and other modern societies.
in contrast , regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age.
moreover , aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged / older adults.
aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins , reducing oxidative stress and inflammation , and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability.
aerobic exercise may also promote \ "resistance \ " against factors that reduce vascular function and increase cvd risk with age.
objective : hair quality and scalp characteristics are considered to be a significant marker of health.
this marker is reflected in mechanical properties of hair.
to investigate these properties , hair samples have been collected among women of different age and then analyzed.
the thickness , young's modulus of elasticity and ultimate strength limit were the main observed parameters.
methods : the diameter of each hair has been measured using an optical microscope equipped with a digital camera.
the hair was then clipped into the uniaxial tensile testing device.
each sample has been stretched to failure at a speed of @number@ mm / min and force vs. elongation was recorded.
the mechanical results were converted with respect to the diameter and stress-strain curve was obtained for each sample.
all the measured parameters were statistically evaluated.
results : young's modulus , yield and elongation parameters showed no significant difference among samples.
on the other hand there was a significant difference among the samples in ultimate strength values.
bioidentical recombinant human epidermal growth factor ( rhegf ) is available in concentrations and purity suitable for therapeutic use in long time stable formulations.
the respondents answered questions regarding their socioeconomic and demographic information , health and social situations , cognitive impairment , depressive symptoms and family satisfaction.
conclusions : we conclude that there are gender differences related to better qol in this sample.
women with good physical and psychosocial health are more likely to have a better qol.
for men , the best qol was associated with high socioeconomic conditions and good physical and psychosocial health.
mutations in the gene p62 / sqstm1 have been reported as a relatively rare cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
we identified @number@ novel mutations in p62 / sqstm1 in @number@ patients.
another mutation was also found in a case with a repeat expansion mutation in c9orf72 confirmed by southern blot.
these findings confirm a role of p62 / sqstm1 as a cause of ftld.
impaired olfaction is another hallmark of ad tightly related to tau pathology in the olfactory pathways.
recent studies showed that som modulates olfactory processing , suggesting that alterations in som levels participate to olfactory deficits in ad.
herein , we first observed that human olfactory peduncle and cortex are enriched in som cells and fibers , in aged postmortem brains.
distinct molecular repertoires of som peptide and receptors were associated to sensory or cortical olfactory processing structures.
aging mainly affected som neurotransmission in piriform and entorhinal cortex in wild-type mice , although olfactory performances decreased.
however , no further olfactory impairment was evidenced in thy-tau22 mice until @number@ months although tau pathology early affected olfactory cortical structures.
thus , tau hyperphosphorylation per se has a limited impact on olfactory performances in thy-tau22 mice.
forty-two amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients were consecutively recruited.
they underwent magnetic resonance imaging and a comprehensive questionnaire to classify them as individuals with low or high cr.
patients were then clinically followed-up for @number@ years.
the patients ' risk for conversion to ad because of cr was estimated by controlling for cognitive efficiency , mta , and wmls at baseline.
global cognition was the best predictor of conversion to ad in low cr patients.
conversely , in high cr patients only , wmls ( but not mta ) highly contributed in increasing the risk for conversion to ad.
in conclusion , cr interacts with both patients ' cognitive features and wmls in modulating the impact of ad pathology.
this seems relevant for clinical prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
neuropathology suggests an important role for the locus coeruleus ( lc ) in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathophysiology.
neuropathology and structural damage in the lc appears to be one of the earliest changes.
we hypothesize that reduced functional integration of the lc reflected by lower brain functional connectivity contributes to early memory dysfunction.
connectivity measures were correlated with memory scores.
the left lc showed strong connectivity to the left parahippocampal gyrus that correlated with memory performance in healthy persons.
this connectivity was reduced in amci patients.
our results provide new evidence that the lc , in interaction with the parahippocampal gyrus , may contribute to episodic memory formation.
they suggest functional impairment and the possibility that associated compensatory changes contribute to preserved memory functions in early ad.
structural and functional lc-related measures may provide early ad markers.
hippocampal atrophy was found in tg mice compared with wt.
in app / ps2 / tau the effect was age-dependent , whereas in tastpm it was detectable from the first investigated time point.
importantly , both mice displayed an age-related entorhinal cortex thinning and robust striatal atrophy , the latter associated with a significant loss of synaptophysin.
hippocampal magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed lower glutamate levels in both tg mice and a selective myo-inositol increase in tastpm.
hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in the elderly , and is becoming a severe social and health problem.
this study intended to identify the impact of hearing loss in the social life of the elderly.
pure-tone averages ( pta ) were calculated for the thresholds at @number@ @number@ and @number@ khz in each ear.
out of @number@ patients , @number@ had some degree of handicap ranging from mild to severe.
the severity of handicap was significantly associated with the degree of hearing loss in both ears.
although microrna-1 ( mir-1 ) is a known liver cancer suppressor , the role of mir-1 in apoptosis of hepatoma cells has remained largely unknown.
our study shows that ectopic mir-1 overexpression induced apoptosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma ( hepg2 ) cells.
apoptosis inhibitor @number@ ( api-5 ) was found to be a potential regulator of mir-1 induced apoptosis , using a bioinformatics approach.
furthermore , an inverse relationship between mir-1 and api-5 expression was observed in human liver cancer tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues.
negative regulation of api-5 expression by mir-1 was demonstrated to promote apoptosis of hepg2 cells.
our study provides a novel regulatory mechanism of mir-1 in the apoptosis of hepatoma cells.
hence , gyrification may be what underlies the sa-gca relationship.
however , the differential genetic associations of 3dgi and sa with gca are still unclear.
nearly @percent@ of the variance in 3dgi was due to genes , and 3dgi had a strong phenotypic and genetic association with sa.
both 3dgi and total sa had positive phenotypic correlations with gca.
however , the sa-gca correlation remained significant after controlling for 3dgi , but not the other way around.
there was also significant genetic covariance between sa and gca , but not between 3dgi and gca.
we categorized the controls into @number@ age groups and analyzed each auc in the @number@ conditions.
mf- and hf-aucs tended to show a difference between younger and older age-groups in all @number@ conditions.
sociodemographic , anthropometric , clinical and biochemical data were collected.
fibre intake was assessed by means of a validated 136-items semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
mets was defined by using the modified national cholesterol education programme - adult treatment panel iii ( ncep- atp iii ) definition.
soluble fibre was inversely associated with triglycerides and apolipoprotein b100.
conclusion : a higher intake of insoluble fibre could play an important role in the control and management of hypertension , lipid profile and mets.
self-reported data included current ( past week ) and maintained ( past @number@ months ) hepa levels , sociodemographics and disease-related and psychosocial factors.
tests of aerobic capacity and muscle function were performed and anthropometric data were collected.
results : eighty-eight per cent of the participants completed @number@ year assessments.
self-reported current and maintained hepa increased.
general health perception and a number of other self-reported disease-related and psychosocial factors improved , while exercise self-efficacy declined.
aerobic capacity , timed standing and grip strength improved and waist circumference decreased.
better adherence to circuit training improved general health , and better adherence to group meetings improved timed standing.
exercise self-efficacy improved among those adhering more to circuit training or support group meetings.
conclusion : the outsourced hepa programme had high retention and reasonable adherence.
a number of health outcomes improved.
relationships between adherence to the programme components and response were not clear-cut and need further attention.
trial registration : isrctn register ; @url@
trial registration number isrctn25539102.
background : screening for frailty might help to prevent adverse outcomes in hospitalised older adults.
objective : to identify the most predictive and efficient screening tool for frailty.
design and setting : two consecutive observational prospective cohorts in four hospitals in the netherlands.
subjects : patients aged ≥70 years , electively or acutely hospitalised for ≥2 days.
three months later , adverse outcomes including functional decline , high-healthcare demand or death were determined.
correlation and regression tree analyses were performed and predictive capacities were assessed.
results : follow-up data were available of @number@ patients.
this tool classified @percent@ of the patients as frail with a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@.
comparable results were found in the validation cohort.
conclusions : the vms-tool plus age ( vms + ) offers an efficient instrument to identify frail hospitalised older adults at risk for adverse outcome.
in clinical practice , it is important to weigh costs and benefits of screening given the rather low-predictive power of screening instruments.
the question of why some candidates actually embark on such treatment while others eventually prefer not to freeze remains unclear.
there are no follow-up data available either on post-freezing changes in relational status , or on attitude towards the undergone treatment and the reproductive outcome.
study design , size , duration : a retrospective cohort study was performed with @number@ women who visited the outpatient clinic between @number@ and @number@
all women ( mean age @number@ ± sd @number@ ) considered oocyte preservation for age-related infertility.
participants / materials , setting , methods : eighty-six women ( @percent@ ) completed at least one cryopreservation cycle.
however , although @percent@ would decide to do it again , the majority ( @percent@ ) would prefer to do it at a younger age.
among bankers , @percent@ would recommend the treatment to others.
women who banked accept a higher maximum age for motherhood when compared with non-bankers ( @number@ versus @number@ years ; p < @number@ ) .
almost all bankers and @percent@ of the non-bankers still have a desire for a child.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) affects a significant portion of elderly people worldwide.
thus , elucidating the spatial and temporal evolution of the molecular pathways in ad remains to be a daunting task.
in addition , we have also provided a comprehensive summary for the top ranked genes in alzbase.
to demonstrate the utility of alzbase , we examined the genes from the genetic studies of ad.
it revealed links between the upstream genetic variations and downstream endo-phenotype and suggested several genes with higher priority.
this integrative database is freely available on the web at @url@ .
[ @number@ ] the authors could not show any significant improvement in constitutional or sexual symptoms in this group of men.
the polymerization kinetic was recorded for @number@ minutes.
results : autopolymerizing groups exhibited reduced dc means , whereas intermediate values were observed when resin cements were polymerized through the disk.
all groups exhibited higher dc at the end of @number@ minutes.
the polymerization kinetic revealed a rising curve , and materials , when directly photopolymerized , reached a plateau immediately after light exposure.
regarding the flexural biaxial testing , most of the resin cements were affected by polymerization mode and differences among groups were product dependent.
conclusions : the resin cements achieved immediate higher dc and mechanical properties when photopolymerized.
the total absence of photoactivation may still impair their mechanical properties even after short-term aging.
osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural changes in bone tissue that increase the susceptibility to fracture.
a ' critical computational linguistics ' method was used involving novel software-driven quantitative mapping and traditional critical discourse analysis.
background : older persons ' right to exercise self-determination in daily life is supported by several laws.
research shows that older persons ' self-determination is not fully respected within the healthcare sector.
in order to enable and enhance older persons ' self-determination , extensive knowledge of older persons ' self-determination is needed.
the aim of this study was to explore experiences of self-determination when developing dependence in daily activities among community-dwelling persons @number@ years and older.
results : the data analysis revealed the core category , \ "self-determination - shifting between self-governing and being governed \ ".
regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects.
here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging.
the adolescent period is associated with high significance of interactions with peers , high frequency of stressful situations , and high rates of alcohol use.
prior repeated stress induces expression of ethanol-induced social facilitation in adults and further enhances socially facilitating effects of ethanol among adolescent rats.
sensitivity to the socially anxiolytic effects of ethanol can be modified by prior stress or ethanol exposure at both ages.
dementia is common among the elderly , regardless of their ethnic background.
in countries dominated by western philosophical thought , the cognitive domain has been privileged over other mental domains.
aim : the purpose of this study is to explore how the phenomenon of dementia is perceived in ethnically diverse groups and cultures.
methods : medline and google scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles , chapters and books published before @number@
search terms used included anthropology , culture , ethnic elderly and dementia.
publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references.
results : the experience of dementia is not universal , but is profoundly shaped by culture in which the demented person lives.
sociocultural conceptualization of the symptoms of dementing diseases remains obscure in many countries.
conclusion : sociocultural conceptualization of alzheimer's disease and other dementias is of growing interest in shaping the interpretation of the symptoms of dementing diseases.
to explore the intersection of culture with the expression of dementia may optimize the management of these complex and chronic conditions.
kyphosis was measured using the rancho bernardo study block method.
using a cutoff of ≥4 blocks , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of men were characterized with hyperkyphosis.
kyphosis was not associated with grip strength in any multivariate analysis.
conclusions : hyperkyphosis is associated with impaired lower extremity physical function in older men.
further studies are needed to determine the direction of causality.
we conducted a cross-sectional study of self-reported sleep characteristics , chronotype and winter depression in northern european russia.
the prevalence of sadw in the study population was @percent@ and sub-sadw @percent@.
the influence of sadw on sleep characteristics was more pronounced on school days.
there are significant differences in sleep characteristics and chronotype between people with sadw and no-sad.
we demonstrate that both latitude of residence and location within the time zone are significant predictors of sadw in young inhabitants of the north.
context : cleistocalyx nervosum ( dc. )
kosterm. var. paniala ( roxb. )
j. parn. & chantaran.
( myrtaceae ) or ma kiang contains high amounts of phenolic compounds.
antioxidant activity of its fruit and seed has been investigated.
however , limited available information concerning the biological activities of its leaves has been reported.
objective : to investigate the in vitro anti-aging potential of young and old leaves of ma kiang.
the extracts were determined for total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
the extracts ( at @number@.001-10 mg / ml ) were tested for antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibition activities using a colorimetric method.
the cytotoxicity of extracts ( at @number@ @date@ mg / ml ) was determined with human skin fibroblasts.
also , the extracts at @number@ @number@ and @number@ mg / ml which showed no toxicity were tested for mmp-2 inhibition.
the extract at @number@ mg / ml exhibited the highest mmp-2 inhibition of @number@ ± @percent@.
this study describes an evaluation of a partnership approach to learning involving nursing students and older adults.
to identify the benefits and challenges of participating in the course from the perspective of student nurses and older adults.
design : illuminative evaluation.
methods : data were drawn from the experiences of two cohorts of students who completed the programme in 2010 / 2011.
semistructured interviews were conducted with @number@ students and with @number@ older adults who participated in the programme.
eighty reflective journals completed by a sample of @number@ students following visits with their designated older adult were also analysed.
all data were analysed using the ' framework ' approach.
these themes illuminated the shared benefits of the practicum experience.
purpose : to determine the dose-dependent effects of testosterone administration on cognition in women with low testosterone levels.
total testosterone was measured in serum by lc-ms / ms , and free testosterone levels were measured by equilibrium dialysis.
cognitive function was evaluated using a comprehensive battery of standardized neuropsychological tests at baseline and @number@ weeks.
results : @number@ women who had baseline and end-of-treatment cognitive function data constituted the analytic sample.
the five groups were similar at baseline.
multiple regression analysis did not show any significant relation between changes in testosterone concentrations and change in cognitive function scores.
background and purpose : degenerative changes are commonly found in spine imaging but often occur in pain-free individuals as well as those with back pain.
two reviewers evaluated each manuscript.
we selected age groupings by decade ( @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ years ) , determining age-specific prevalence estimates.
results : thirty-three articles reporting imaging findings for @number@ asymptomatic individuals met our study inclusion criteria.
the prevalence of disk degeneration in asymptomatic individuals increased from @percent@ of 20-year-old individuals to @percent@ of 80-year-old individuals.
disk bulge prevalence increased from @percent@ of those @number@ years of age to @percent@ of those @number@ years of age.
disk protrusion prevalence increased from @percent@ of those @number@ years of age to @percent@ of those @number@ years of age.
the prevalence of annular fissure increased from @percent@ of those @number@ years of age to @percent@ of those @number@ years of age.
conclusions : imaging findings of spine degeneration are present in high proportions of asymptomatic individuals , increasing with age.
many imaging-based degenerative features are likely part of normal aging and unassociated with pain.
these imaging findings must be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical condition.
the bm is well understood to play a key role in plasma cell homing and survival in mice.
in humans , bm plasma cells and their functions are less well characterized.
the frequency of plasma and memory b cells from both sources decreased with age , while immature and naïve b cells were unaffected.
an age-related decline of tetanus- and diphtheria-specific bm plasma cells was observed , whereas influenza a- and cytomegalovirus-specific bm plasma cells were not affected.
our results demonstrate that the bm houses decreased numbers of plasma cells in old age.
the number of cells of certain specificity may reflect the number and time point of previous antigen encounters and intrinsic age-related changes in the bm.
reorganization and team development can improve quality and performance but projects in primary care frequently do not attain the targeted results.
it therefore indicates the importance of an appropriate , contextualized framework to support multiple concomitant quality improvement processes.
knowledge from this study can be used to assist and improve future implementations in primary healthcare centres.
ninety-two subjects ( @number@ svd patients , @number@ ad patients , and @number@ healthy controls ) were assessed using the ace-r.
between-group's differences were evaluated using the quade's rank analysis of covariance.
the diagnostic accuracy and discriminatory ability of the ace-r were examined via receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis.
the ace-r was able to successfully discriminate between patients and healthy subjects.
because of the high rate of mortality and morbidity , assessing the impact and progression of this disease is essential.
systolic transvalvular pressure gradient ( tpg ) and the effective orifice area are commonly used to grade the severity of valvular dysfunction.
in this study , a theoretical model of the transient viscous blood flow across the as is derived by taking into account the aorta compliance.
the derived relation of the new tpg is expressed in terms of clinically available surrogate variables ( anatomical and hemodynamic data ) .
the proposed relation includes empirical constants which need to be empirically determined.
we used a numerical model including an anatomically 3d geometrical model of the aortic root including the sinuses of valsalva for their identification.
methods : this was a prospective study across two moments in time.
it also highlights the relevance of interventions at the level of the physical and / or social environments surrounding elders in pain.
methods : we studied @number@ healthy volunteers ( age = @number@ ± 15years , @number@ females ) who had mri with simultaneous blood pressure measurements.
lv mass and volumes were assessed.
results : mri-pc diastolic parameters were reproducible as reflected by low coefficients of variations ( ranged between @number@ to @number@ % ) .
conclusions : pc-mri age-related reference ranges of diastolic parameters are provided.
objective : testosterone plays a vital role in brain function and behavior.
among humans , age-related decline in testosterone is associated with declining cognitive functioning , and aging men with higher testosterone maintain better cognitive performance.
however , most research focuses on industrialized populations with widespread access to formal schooling , high testosterone , and low parasite and pathogen load.
we examine whether men's testosterone is associated with cognitive performance among tsimane forager-horticulturalists of bolivia despite relatively lower levels of testosterone and higher immune burden.
for a subset ( n = @number@ ) we included immune activation markers to examine mediator effects.
markers of immune activation were negatively associated with cognitive function , but did not change the associations between testosterone and cognitive performance.
conclusion : tsimane men show positive associations between testosterone and cognitive performance , particularly for recall and visual scanning , despite higher immune burden.
the deregulated nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway ( ppp ) is known to promote oncogenesis , but the molecular mechanism remains unknown.
here , we report that human ribose-5-phosphate isomerase a ( rpia ) plays a role in human hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
a significant increase in rpia expression was detected both in tumor biopsies of hcc patients and in a liver cancer tissue array.
this study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which rpia overexpression can induce oncogenesis in hcc.
furthermore , it suggests that rpia can be a good prognosis biomarker and a potential target for hcc therapy.
we collected data of self-reported vaccine use from the korean community health survey.
we also collected information on socioeconomic status and health behaviors in subpopulations.
the results revealed a steady increase in vaccination coverage in every subgroup during four consecutive seasons.
the highest rate of vaccine coverage ( @percent@ ) occurred two years after the pandemic.
smoking and drinking alcohol were inversely associated with vaccination.
having a chronic health condition was also a strong predictor of vaccine receipt.
though vaccination coverage rates were high in high-risk groups ; disparities in coverage rates were substantial ; particularly in young adults.
interventions are needed to minimize the coverage gaps among subgroups and to improve overall vaccination rates.
femoral component fracture is a rarely reported complication in cemented total knee arthroplasty.
this was identified and subsequently revised with a revision prosthesis.
the patient had an uneventful recovery , and his symptoms resolved.
we also review the literature of cases of fractured cemented and uncemented knee replacements and discuss the causes proposed.
background : previous studies have shown different relationships between traditional cardiovascular risk factors for coronary artery disease ( cad ) in very elderly people.
design : this article retrospectively examines the possible association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with cad in very elderly people aged > 90 years.
the cardiovascular risk profiles were compared in patients aged > 90 years with and without cad after cardiac catheterization.
at best , this is just an association with a higher risk of cad in this age group.
several studies with similar outcomes are needed to establish causality.
conclusion : this study could find no link between cad and traditional risk factors , except for hypertension.
introduction : contradictory results have been reported on the relationship between orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
the study sample comprised @number@ randomly invited subjects aged @number@ to @number@ years , and had a participation rate of @percent@ at follow-up.
oh test included assessment of blood pressure and symptoms of oh.
the corresponding 6-year incidence of dementia was @percent@.
hypernatremia in the geriatric population is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
medications may exacerbate this predisposition.
patients and methods : a total of @number@ critically ill patients and @number@ normal controls were recruited for this study.
serum levels of srage and advanced glycation end products ( ages ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
additional data on other clinical markers were obtained from patient records in the intensive care unit.
comparisons of srage and ages levels between groups were assessed by t-test.
the relationships between srage and other clinical markers were assessed by pearson's correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses.
risk factors for prognosis , such as 28-day mortality were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
results : serum srage and ages levels were significantly higher in critically ill patients , compared to normal controls ( p < 0.05 ) .
using multiple linear regression analysis , the association between ages and srage remained significant after adjustment of other clinical factors.
however , there were no significant correlations between srage levels and patient outcome in these critically ill patients.
the prevalence of type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) is increasing in the elderly.
because of the unique characteristics of elderly people with t2dm , therapeutic strategy and focus should be tailored to suit this population.
this article reviews the guidelines and studies related to older people with t2dm worldwide.
however , the signal sensitivity and the influence of physiological conditions may question the normalization methods.
the linearity of signal and the methodological variation coefficient was obtained.
a stronger linearity of sf and β-actin compared with gapdh and α-tubulin was observed.
the methodological variation was relatively low in all four methods ( 4-11% ) .
protein level of β-actin and gapdh was lower in older men compared with young men.
in conclusion , β-actin , gapdh , and α-tubulin may not be used for normalization in studies that include subjects with a large age difference.
in contrast , the rps may not be affected in studies that include muscle wasting and differences in muscle fiber type.
large-scale genome-wide association ( gwa ) analyses of adult height in europeans have identified nearly @number@ genetic loci.
we carried out a gwa meta-analysis in @number@ @number@ individuals from east asia.
in addition , our data suggest that novel biological pathway such as the protein tyrosine phosphatase family is involved in regulation of height.
the findings from this study considerably expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of human height in asians.
obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , inflammation , and elevated cortisol levels.
linear regression was performed to assess the adjusted association between hr , il-6 , and cortisol levels.
the model was also analyzed stratifying for bmi tertiles.
logistic regression was adopted for evaluating the association of hr exceeding the mean value with il-6 and serum cortisol.
conclusions : faster hr is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly patients ; this association seems to be limited to women with higher bmi.
background : health literacy skills tend to decline during ageing , which is often attributed to age-related cognitive decline.
whether health literacy skills may be influenced by technological and social factors during ageing is unknown.
methods : we investigated whether internet use and social engagement protect against health literacy decline during ageing , independent of cognitive decline.
we used prospective data from @number@ men and women aged ≥52 years in the english longitudinal study of ageing from @number@ to @number@
health literacy was measured at baseline ( 2004-2005 ) and at follow-up ( 2010-2011 ) using a reading comprehension test of a fictitious medicine label.
support for older adults to maintain socially engaged lives and to access the internet should help promote the maintenance of functional literacy skills during ageing.
human aging is associated with increasing frailty and morbidity which can result in significant disability.
in addition to neuro-cognitive dysfunction , it has also been associated with declining physical performance possibly due to sarcopenia.
it is possible that the increased cortisol secretion is secondary to peripheral conversion from cortisone.
there is a decline in pregnolone secretion and c-19 steroids ( dhea ) with aging.
the understanding of the hpa axis and aging remains a complex area with conflicting studies leading to controversial interpretations.
the molecular mechanisms behind this senescence remain largely obscure , precluding targeted approaches to counteract aging.
tauopathies are characterized by the accumulation of filaments of the microtubule-associated tau protein.
the different aetiopathogeneses and distinct molecular events involved in tau aggregation have led to the development of various animal models for these diseases.
physiological conditions , including normal ageing and hibernation , may exhibit tau phosphorylation and some aspects of tauopathies.
some of these models have been crucial for the development of therapeutic approaches in humans.
however , to what extent the telomere length in peripheral leukocytes reflects telomere length in different organ tissues is still unclear.
the highest rtl variability was observed in peripheral leukocytes , and the lowest variability was found in brain.
high rtl variability was observed between different organs from one individual.
furthermore , we have shown that even slight dna degradation ( modeled by sonication of genomic dna ) leads to false rtl shortening.
we conclude that the rtl in peripheral leukocytes is not strongly correlated with the rtl in different organs.
objective : we aimed to explore factors associated with clinical evaluations for cognitive impairment among older residents of the united states.
informants for these subjects reported whether or not they had ever received a clinical cognitive evaluation outside of the context of adams.
conclusions : many elderly individuals with dementia do not receive clinical cognitive evaluations.
older adult participants ' respiration , pulse , and restlessness are monitored as they sleep.
gait speed , stride length , and stride time are calculated daily , and automatically assess for increasing fall risk.
activity levels are summarized and graphically displayed for easy interpretation.
falls are detected when they occur and alerts are sent immediately to healthcare providers , so time to rescue may be reduced.
key findings of research in progress at the university of missouri are discussed in this viewpoint article , as well as obstacles to widespread adoption.
identifying conserved and divergent response patterns in gene networks is becoming increasingly important.
a common approach is integrating expression information with gene association networks in order to find groups of connected genes that are activated or repressed.
in many cases , researchers are also interested in comparisons across species ( or conditions ) .
to address these challenges we devised moduleblast , which uses both expression and network topology to search for highly relevant sub-networks.
we have applied moduleblast to expression and interaction data from mouse , macaque and human to study immune response and aging.
the immune response analysis identified several relevant modules , consistent with recent findings on apoptosis and nfκb activation following infection.
temporal analysis of these data revealed cascades of modules that are dynamically activated within and across species.
somatic copy number aberrations ( cna ) represent a mutation type encountered in the majority of cancer genomes.
since the initial release , we have enhanced this resource both in content and especially with regard to data mining support.
the @number@ release of arraymap contains more than @number@ genomic array data sets , representing about @number@ tumor diagnoses.
data sets included in arraymap have been assembled from public repositories as well as additional resources , and integrated by applying custom processing pipelines.
online tools have been upgraded for a more flexible array data visualization , including options for processing user provided , non-public data sets.
indeed , it is one of the most popular supplements in the us.
however , recent studies have revealed that vitamin e has dual effects on the aging process.
clinical intervention trials have also demonstrated that supplementation with vitamin e is neutral or even harmful for preventing age-related diseases in humans.
therefore , the role of vitamin e as an ' anti-ager ' has been called into question.
this review outlines the present understanding of the role of vitamin e in age-related disease prevention.
background : polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy are proxy indicators for inappropriate medicine use.
inappropriate medicine use in older people leads to adverse clinical outcomes.
methods : a repeated cross-sectional analysis of population-level dispensing data was conducted from @date@ to @date@ .
differences in polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy between @number@ and @number@ were examined.
a multinomial regression model was used to predict sociodemographic characteristics associated with polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy.
conclusion : the population of new zealand is aging and the number of older people with multiple chronic conditions is increasing.
the proportion of older people exposed to polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy has increased in @number@ compared to @number@
area under receiver operating characteristic curves of gc-ipl were generally higher than that of rnfl to discriminate ad and mci from the controls.
the performance of the two groups in the vsm was compared and correlated with performance in established neuropsychological tests.
at the same time , the effectiveness of a combination of traditional neuropsychological tests and the vsm was examined.
at the same time , the vsm correlates with various established neuropsychological tests.
a limited number of tests were able to improve the ccr of the vsm when combined with the vsm for screening purposes.
vsm's concurrent validity is supported by the large number of correlations between the vsm and established tests.
it is considered a robust test on its own as the inclusion of other tests failed to improve its ccr significantly.
tg performed an 8-week resistance training program , while cg followed their daily routines.
after the 8-week resistance training , tlr2 and tlr4 protein expression was reduced in tg.
the training program induced an increase of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases @number@ and @number@ ( erk1 / 2 ) and hsp70 and a reduction of hsp60.
crp values decreased in tg only.
the increase in hsp70 negatively correlated with tlr2 and tlr4 downregulation.
thus , the irisin precursor ( fndc5 ) gene is a candidate to influence exceptional longevity ( el ) , i.e. , being a centenarian.
for the rs16835198 snp , the variant t-allele tended to show higher luciferase activity compared with the g-allele ( p = @number@ ) .
further research is needed with different cohorts as well as with additional variants in the fndc5 gene or in other genes involved in irisin signaling.
background : normal aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities , particularly in the domains of psychomotor speed and executive functioning.
recent work has focused on the role of cerebrovascular disease as one of the biological changes.
previous studies that reported a relationship between the presence of lobar microbleeds and decreased cognitive abilities have been primarily cross-sectional.
gradient echo mri scans were available on @number@ non-demented participants ( mean age : @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
cognition was assessed with a neuropsychological battery , providing summary scores for memory , language , executive , and visuospatial abilities.
the two groups were similar in age at scan date , education , ethnicity , sex distribution , and cognitive performance at first visit.
conclusions : lobar microbleeds , a marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy , are associated with an accelerated rate of executive function decline.
the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be an important source of cognitive decline in aging.
future work should examine how cerebral amyloid angiopathy interacts with neurodegenerative processes , such as alzheimer's disease.
the combination of massive epidural scarring and spinal deformity represents the ultimate challenge for the spinal deformity surgeon.
this is observed more and more as the population is aging and the number of spine surgery is increasing.
these anterior realignments have to be supplemented with posterior fixation and or osteotomies.
working around the dura that will require to be thinned down before the osteotomy is performed represents another challenge where incidental durotomies are not infrequent.
instead a closing / opening osteotomy may be preferable , but will require an additional anterior column support.
beclin-1 , a well-known key regulator of autophagy , has been implicated in many disorders , including cancer , aging , and degenerative diseases.
however , the exact effects and molecular mechanisms of beclin-1-mediated autophagy in osteosarcoma are still unknown up to now.
here , we evaluated the role of beclin-1 in human osteosarcoma cell lines in vivo and in vitro.
in order to characterize the endogenous expression of beclin-1 in osteosarcoma cell lines , we performed real-time pcr and western blot analysis.
we further analyzed the level of beclin-1 in osteosarcoma cells after chemotherapy and investigated the impact of autophagy inhibition on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity.
we used the small interfering rna ( sirna ) directed against beclin-1 to infect the osteosarcoma cell line with relatively high belcin-1 expression.
as a result , hos osteosarcoma cells exhibited higher beclin-1 expression.
cell apoptosis induced by anticancer agents was markedly increased.
knockdown of beclin-1 or inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine ( an inhibitor of autophagy and pi3k ) rendered them significantly more sensitive to chemotherapy.
addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor zvad-fmk partly reversed the cisplatin-induced cell death.
when beclin-1 expression was inhibited , the expression of pi3kp85α , p-akt , and mmp-9 was downregulated in hos cells.
in addition , the tumor volumes in subcutaneous nude mouse models in beclin-1-deleted hos cells were significantly smaller than those of control group.
beclin-1 knockdown rendered them significantly more sensitive to chemotherapy through activating apoptosis pathway.
a retrospective review of @number@ patients undergoing combined treatment is performed.
methods : fifty-six consecutive patients undergoing smartlipo with facelift were reviewed using pre-operative photographs as a baseline.
the reviewed post-operative photographs were taken at @number@ weeks and @number@ months.
these patients received an average of @number@ joules of energy between three treatment areas which was delivered at @number@ watts and @number@ hz.
no major complications were reported , including hematoma and dyspigmentation , even in combined cases with surface lasers.
conclusions : the smartlipo @number@ nm is a safe and effective platform to combine with facelifts.
synovial fluid plays an important role in lubricating synovial joints.
its main constituents are hyaluronic acid ( ha ) and γ-globulin , acting as boundary lubricants for articular cartilage.
adsorbed ha and γ-globulin molecules significantly improved the frictional behavior of advanced oa cartilage , while they were ineffective for normal and early oa cartilage.
in advanced-stage oa , the concentration-dependent frictional response of articular cartilage was observed with γ-globulin , but not with ha.
our result suggested that ha and γ-globulin may play a significant role in improving frictional behavior of advanced oa cartilage.
clinical data have demonstrated an independent association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcomes.
therefore , arterial stiffness has the potential to be an important therapeutic target in the management of isolated systolic hypertension.
current antihypertensive treatments have limited effects on arterial stiffness , so the development of new treatments addressing neurohormonal alterations central to vascular ageing is important.
such therapies may represent effective strategies in the future management of sbp.
however , other changes associated with terminal t cell differentiation could not be readily detected.
cd57 is also expressed on tumor cells of neural crest origin and has been preferentially found on highly aggressive , undifferentiated , multipotent csc-like cells.
differentiated gbm cells still induced cd57 on car t cells and other activated t cells.
therefore , cd57 can apparently be upregulated on activated human t cells by mere contact with cd57 + target cells.
objective : exploring whether age is a significant factor to achieve industrial production rates and determine its possible consequences.
methods : a laboratory experiment was conducted with people age @number@ to @number@ years split by gender into four age groups.
oxygen consumption and heart rate were measured as variables of response to the physical workloads.
results : when carrying out repetitive moderate load operations , women aged over @number@ years exceeded the recommended energy expenditure ( @percent@ ci ) .
manufacturing processes have specific standard times that might be inappropriate if they are performed by individuals who do not meet the standard energy production capacity.
the mean allelic frequency observed in the controls was @number@ with higher occurrences in central european populations ( @number@.006 / 0.008 ) .
objectives : to describe quantitative and semiquantitative sonographic joint measurements in healthy adults and compare them with demographic parameters.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted.
the sonographic measurements were correlated with demographic parameters.
the significant p value was set at @number@
the highest quantitative synovial hypertrophy values were found in the hip ( @number@ mm ) and talonavicular joint ( @number@ mm ) .
conclusions : sonographic changes in healthy peripheral joints were observed predominantly in the oldest group.
lactate acts as a ' buffer ' between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism.
according to some , lactate is a preferred fuel for brain metabolism.
immediately after brain activation , the rate of glycolysis exceeds oxidation , leading to net production of lactate.
at physical rest , there is a net efflux of lactate from the brain into the blood stream.
they are possible targets for new therapeutic drugs and interventions.
mosaicism can have a wide range of effects , from early pregnancy loss , to organ specific pathology , to modification of clinical syndromes.
background : the human recq dna helicase family is involved in genomic stability.
gene mutations of recql2 , recql3 , and recql4 are associated with genetic disorders and induce early aging and carcinogenesis.
a cell proliferation and colony formation assays revealed significantly less growth of recql1 ( - ) cells compared to recql1 ( + ) cells.
a flow cytometry using annexin v -fitc and propidium iodide ( pi ) staining revealed a significant increase in apoptotic recql1 ( - ) cells.
conclusions : these results suggest that recql1 is a prognostic factor for eoc and that recql1 contributes to potential malignancy by inhibiting apoptosis.
similar features between the immune system of healthy elderly people and of younger individuals subjected to conditions of chronic immune activation are progressively being observed.
this is raising the hypothesis that chronic immune activation may cause the premature aging of the immune system.
here we dissect this theory by comparing changes occurring to b-cells during healthy aging to the ones occurring during chronic immune activation in younger individuals.
moreover , we discuss how these changes may affect or predict response to vaccination in immune compromised individuals.
background : aging in an unfamiliar landscape can pose health challenges for the growing numbers of immigrants and their health care providers.
our aim is to describe and compare the use of phc between elderly immigrants and norwegians.
methods : registry-based study using merged data from the national population register and the norwegian health economics administration database.
descriptive analyses were carried out.
immigrants were categorised according to country of origin , reason for migration and length of stay in norway.
results : a higher proportion of norwegians used phc services compared to immigrants.
however , adjustment for education and income levels reduced most differences between groups.
the heterogeneity of life courses and migration trajectories should be taken into account when developing public policies.
recognising the underlying causes and determining which approach to take to them require specialist knowledge.
the prevalences of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in people over @number@ with intellectual disabilities are comparable to those of the dutch nursing home population.
recently , several positron emission tomography ( pet ) radiopharmaceuticals targeting abnormal conformations of the tau protein have been developed.
tau imaging agents offer the opportunity of in vivo topographical mapping and quantification of tau aggregates in parallel with clinical and cognitive assessments.
here , we shed light on the most important developments in tau radiopharmaceuticals , highlighting challenges , possibilities and future directions.
little is known about diabetes management among low-income older americans.
( re ) fill adherence to oral hypoglycemics was measured as proportion of days covered.
food insecurity was assessed using a six-item validated standard measure.
about @percent@ of the sample were food insecure.
about @percent@ of the diabetic sample did not ( re ) fill any diabetes medication and over @percent@ had at least one diabetes complication.
food insecure participants showed comparable ( re ) fill adherence to food secure participants.
however , @percent@ of food insecure participants were nonadherent to oral hypoglycemics.
underlying basic needs must be addressed to improve diabetes management in this population.
crossroads utilized a lifestyle intervention approach consisting of exercise , dietary , and behavioral components.
dietary data were collected from four , random , 24-hour dietary recalls over a 10-month period.
kaplan-meier plots and cox proportional hazards regression models were used.
about @percent@ of participants lost at least @number@ pounds during follow up.
in the unadjusted model , five-year weight loss was not associated with dietary pattern.
the relationship between eating behaviors , food intake , and mental health and the occurrence of obesity in older adults has rarely been investigated.
in a series of multivariate logistical regression models , we found cognitive restraint to be consistently and robustly associated with both measures of obesity.
in the fully adjusted model , cognitive restraint , consumption of sweets , anxiety , and lack of depression were associated with ob-wc.
these findings may guide the development of future weight management interventions in a congregate meal setting.
meeting the medical , nutritional , and psychosocial mealtime needs of aged care residents requires a holistic , multidisciplinary approach.
to date the perspectives of this multidisciplinary team have not been adequately explored.
the aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of a range of service providers involved in mealtime management in residential aged care.
in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with @number@ participants from five service disciplines.
data indicated service providers acknowledge the importance of mealtimes but recognize numerous shortfalls in current care.
the need for interdisciplinary training and increased communication and collaboration among providers was emphasized , including the need for clarification of provider roles.
limited consideration of mealtimes in policy and funding documents was identified as a primary barrier in further prioritizing mealtime management and advancing mealtime care.
poor food intake in residents living in long-term care ( ltc ) homes is a common problem.
the mealtime experience is known to be important in the multifactorial causes of food intake.
there were several randomized controlled trials , although most studies used less rigorous methods.
further research is still needed with more rigorously designed studies , confirming effectiveness , feasible implementation , and scaling up of efficacious interventions.
a validated new histological classification for intervertebral disc degeneration.
osteoarthritis cartilage , @number@ 2039-47 ) .
phosphate restriction has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
however , the molecular mechanism underlying the harm in phosphate overload remains unclear.
cpps are highly bioactive ligands that induce cell damage and innate immune responses.
serum levels of cpps are increased in ckd patients and independently associated with vascular calcification and chronic inflammation.
the fusion protein tat-cygb , whose expression was induced by lactose , was purified by cm sepharose fast flow protocol and verified by western blotting.
the final tat-cygb had a molecular weight of @number@ kda with @percent@ purity , as shown by sds-page.
as demonstrated by bioactivity experiments , tat-cygb exhibited a high specific peroxidase activity up to ( @number@ ± @number@ ) u / mg.
we successfully obtained the bioactive and cell-penetrating fusion protein tat-cygb that has the potential application in anti-aging , anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer.
glycation refers to a nonenzymatic post-translational modification formed by the reaction of amino groups and reducing sugars.
the protocol allowed sensitive and selective precursor ion scans to detect the modified peptides in complex sample mixtures.
in the cardiovascular system , the macrocirculation and microcirculation two subsystems can be affected by aging.
mbcv is computed from a model of velocity distribution.
a relationship is also found between perfusion and mbcv for all physiological states ( r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
this approach may prove useful for investigating dysregulation in blood flow.
background : menopause is the stage when the menstrual period permanently stops , and is a part of every woman's life.
it usually occurs between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years , and is associated with hormonal , physical , and psychological changes.
estrogen and progesterone levels play the biggest part in menopause.
in this stage , the ovaries make less estrogen and progesterone.
this study tested the impact of a complementary health approach to quality of life in menopausal women.
methods : a community-based interventional study was conducted in selected areas in kattankulathur block , kanchipuram district , tamil nadu , india.
a simple random sampling technique was used to select menopausal women for the study.
of @number@ menopausal women identified , @number@ were allocated to a study group and @number@ to a control group.
the study group underwent yoga training for @number@ hours per day on @number@ consecutive days.
after the 5-day intensive yoga training program , the menopausal women practiced yoga daily at home for 35-40 minutes a day.
the yoga training program consisted of yogasanas , pranayama ( breathing exercises ) , and meditation.
the standardized world health organization qol bref scale was used to assess the women's quality of life.
we distributed an instruction manual on steps of selected yoga practice for the women's self-reference at home after the @number@ days of continuous yoga practice.
a yoga practice diary was used to confirm regular performance of yoga.
the mean gain score was high in all the domains of quality of life in the study group at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@
the overall mean gain score in the study group was @number@ versus @number@ in the control group.
the overall mean gain score difference was @number@ in all domains of quality of life between the study group and the control group.
no adverse events were reported by the women after yoga practice.
conclusion : quality of life in menopausal women was greatly improved after @number@ weeks of yoga practice.
women who regularly practice yoga find that they are able to enjoy menopause and experience the freedom , liberation , and energy that it brings.
we conclude that yoga is an effective complementary health approach for improving quality of life in menopausal women.
the observational period for each patient was > 48 months , beginning at the time sitagliptin therapy was initiated.
the fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) was measured every 3-6 months.
results : the change in hba1c was significantly reduced after @number@ months of therapy ( @number@.1%±0.8% to @number@.3%±0.2% ) .
conclusion : sitagliptin has a durable effect and stabilizes microvascular complication progression in elderly patients.
this study can provide useful data for clinicians and health care professionals using sitagliptin monotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with t2dm.
the amount of sleep declines with aging and to a greater extent in ad.
poor sleep quality and insufficient amounts of sleep have been noted in humans with preclinical evidence of ad.
however , how the amount and quality of sleep affects aβ aggregation is not yet well understood.
orexins ( hypocretins ) initiate and maintain wakefulness , and loss of orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy.
we tried to determine whether orexin release or secondary changes in sleep via orexin modulation affect aβ pathology.
collectively , modulation of orexin and its effects on sleep appear to modulate aβ pathology in the brain.
the brain is not idle during rest.
age-related alterations in the functional architecture of the dmn and hc may influence memory functions and possibly constitute a sensitive biomarker of forthcoming memory deficits.
however , the exact form of dmn-hc alterations in aging and concomitant memory deficits is largely unknown.
several theories link processes of development and aging in humans.
however , intrinsic evidence for such a link between healthy aging and development in brain structure remains elusive.
a cohort profile article was published in @number@
by the end of @number@ participants were aged 60-75 , and almost all of them retired during follow-up.
this update presents the main findings of research within the gazel cohort study during the past @number@ years.
any research group , in france or elsewhere , can submit a research proposal to work on the gazel cohort.
to do this , interested researchers should contact one of the principal investigators of the gazel cohort study.
thus , transcriptome size is an important phenotype in its own right.
methods : this study included @number@ healthy subjects and @number@ patients with dpli treated at the stroke centers of three university hospitals in korea.
time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiographic images were transported to a central lab and analyzed blind to obtain the clinical data.
the angles and triangular areas were summated into angulation indexes and used to quantify the degree of ba tortuosity.
results : the ba showed a more acute angle at the angulation point in the elderly patients than in the healthy subjects.
conclusions : the angulation point of the ba becomes more acute in elderly individuals.
in this study , the vertebrobasilar junction showed a larger angle in the patients with dpli than in the healthy controls.
evidence that these changes correlate with poorer cognitive and functional outcomes corroborates this progressive characterization of chronic tbi.
in this context , we review new literature supporting the original aging framework , and its extrapolation to chronic tbi.
prostate cancer is a major health burden within the ever-increasingly aging us population.
the molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer are diverse and heterogeneous.
in this context , epigenetic changes , both global and gene specific , are now an emerging alternate mechanism in disease initiation and progression.
the androgen receptor and its downstream effector pathways , central to prostate cancer initiation and progression , are subject to a multitude of epigenetic alterations.
mitochondria play vital roles in oocyte functions and they are critical indicators of oocyte quality which is important for fertilization and development into viable offspring.
quality-compromised oocytes are correlated with infertility , developmental disorders , reduced blastocyst cell number and embryo loss in which mitochondrial dysfunctions play a significant role.
more rigorous studies incorporating age-specific adaptations are needed.
these needs will become even more pressing given the aging society worldwide.
objectives : older adults are the fastest growing age group in australia , necessitating an increase in appropriate mental health services in the coming years.
a postal survey was used to assess knowledge of and intentions to use internet-delivered mental health treatments.
demographics , mental health , and frequency of internet use were also measured.
results : the survey was completed by @number@ adults aged 50-93.
intentions to use these services were also low , at @percent@ ; however , this increased with level of familiarity.
respondents with higher psychological distress , higher education , and more frequent internet use were significantly more likely to consider using internet treatments.
importantly , respondents with higher distress and greater computer literacy were more likely to consider mental health treatments delivered via the internet.
future research exploring strategies to increase the promotion of these services to older samples may further improve their perceptions and use.
background : in light of the demographic aging trend in europe , investigation into successful aging is a public health priority.
soc measures the extent to which an individual conceptualizes the world as comprehensible , manageable , and meaningful.
strong soc may promote good health.
methods : the study followed a cross-sectional design involving a nationally representative sample of @number@ community-dwelling adults aged @number@ years and older in spain.
the sample was collected by geographically based proportional stratified sampling.
a multivariate linear regression model analyzed determinants of soc.
lower soc was associated with problems in all eq-5d dimensions and moderate / severe disability as measured by the bi.
conclusions : soc in older adults is related to functional status , mental health status , personal wellbeing , and educational level.
the progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and aging in the population is resulting in increased healthcare and disability spending.
the burden of obesity is particularly relevant in old age , due to accumulating co-morbidities and changes in body composition.
the relationship between obesity , aging , and hr-qol is , however , much more complex than generally acknowledged and is difficult to disentangle.
the impact of obesity on hr-qol is particularly strong in young people , who are free of co-morbidities.
a patient-centered approach aimed at reducing the disability and social isolation of advancing age is mandatory to improve hr-qol in any class of obesity.
methods : @number@ pd subjects , not demented at baseline , were studied from the arizona study of aging and neurodegenerative disorders cohort.
baseline and subsequent evaluation included mini mental status examination and five other neuropsychological tests that load on cognitive domains known to decline in pd.
pearson coefficient was used to assess correlations.
multiple linear regression modeling was used to assess the effect of variable combinations of qeeg and other measures , including age and pd duration.
results : changes in delta bandpower showed the highest and most consistent pattern of correlations with longitudinal changes in neuropsychological testing.
the highest correlation was between delta bandpower increase and decline in the rey auditory-verbal learning test ( @number@.59 : p < @number@ ) .
delta bandpower was also increased in the incident dementia group compared to non-dementia at followup.
background : in many countries , primary care physicians determine whether or not older drivers are fit to drive.
little , however , is known regarding the effects of cognitive decline on driving performance and the means to detect it.
methods : this translational study was nested within a cohort study and an exploratory psychophysics study.
the target population of interest was constituted of older drivers in the absence of important cognitive or physical disorders.
forty-five drivers also agreed to undergo further testing at our lab.
on-road driving performance was evaluated by instructors during a @number@ minute validated open-road circuit.
tmt was related to contrast sensitivity , motion direction , orientation discrimination , working memory , verbal fluency , and literacy.
conclusion : in screening settings , the tmt would have clinicians uselessly consider driving cessation in nine drivers out of ten.
aim : the benefits of transition care programs ( tcps ) for patients with cognitive impairment are not well established.
this study aimed to investigate the impact of tcp on patients according to their cognitive status.
conclusions : cognitively intact and cognitively impaired patients have similar outcomes post-tcp.
older patients should not be refused transition care based on the presence of cognitive impairment.
three studies are reported on the development of a four-disc version of the tower of london test of planning ability.
the third study ( n = @number@ ) examined the test-retest reliability of the test over a period of @number@ month.
total score did not reflect the action of a single underlying construct but rather appeared to index a number of factors.
scores were reasonably stable over the 1-month period studied , at least for the children's sample employed.
the four-disc version is a promising method of assessing planning in children and adolescents in clinical situations.
cross-species comparison of phosphorylation events is a powerful mean to functionally prioritize and identify physiologically meaningful phosphorylation sites.
here , we present the result of phosphoproteomic analyses of cow and rat glomeruli to allow cross-species comparisons.
we studied a highly conserved podocin phosphorylation site in greater detail and show that phosphorylation regulates affinity of the interaction with nephrin and cd2ap.
taken together , these results suggest that species comparisons of phosphoproteomic data may reveal regulatory principles in glomerular biology.
all ms data have been deposited in the proteomexchange with identifier pxd001005 ( @url@
how they experience their aging process in terms of their singlehood and vice versa.
design and methods : a approach was adopted.
in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ participants aged @number@ to @number@
this meaning is expressed by constructing their self-dentity and accepting their way of life.
this imperative often required long hours away from the family.
an important question therefore concerns the impact of caring for young children on men's perceptions of their role as grandfathers.
this interview study explores the experiences of @number@ australian grandfathers.
the analysis found themes that relate to relationships and change , as well as themes concerning core beliefs and existential questions.
this study bridges gerontology and celebrity studies to explore a social role that celebrities can fulfill for nursing home residents : triggering moral discussions.
this potential role is examined in four focus groups with @number@ nursing home residents in flanders ( belgium ) .
here , @number@ celebrity pictures are employed to evoke moral discussions , with a focus on adultery and homosexuality.
these discussions are subjected to a framing analysis.
results show that celebrities can trigger moral discussions among the nursing home residents.
the residents ' adultery and homosexuality frames show that they mostly retain dominant values from their youth , often combining them with contemporary dominant values.
further , the residents ' frames prove to be relativistic , which can be linked to their multitude of life experiences and complex emotional skills.
this study examines the quality of life of the elderly residents of two rural nebraska towns , both having experienced a large increase in population.
the results are compared to the non-elderly residents of these two communities for purposes of contrast.
a face-to-face survey of the residents addressed physical , social / cultural , economic , and service issues.
both correlation and regression were used to analyze the data.
minor cervical traumas , infection , migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors , and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described.
no confirmed genetic susceptibility factors have been identified using candidate gene approaches.
we performed genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) in @number@ cead cases and @number@ controls.
the rs9349379 [ g ] allele was previously shown to be associated with lower risk of migraine and increased risk of myocardial infarction.
deciphering the mechanisms underlying this pleiotropy might provide important information on the biological underpinnings of these disabling conditions.
numerous emerging technologies have potential as therapeutic options.
down syndrome ( ds ) is characterised by premature aging and an accelerated decline of cognitive functions in the vast majority of cases.
as the life expectancy of ds persons is rapidly increasing , this decline is becoming a dramatic health problem.
in particular , language and short memory skills , frontal lobe functions , visuo-spatial abilities and adaptive behaviour appear to be the more affected domains.
participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify total gray matter and subcortical gray matter volume.
results : impairments in instrumental activities of daily living were common in this sample of hf patients.
many were prescribed dementia medications and / or other psychotropic medications , predominantly antidepressants.
results : circulating levels of amino acids except threonine and tyrosine were significantly higher in gdm women than non-gdm women.
conclusions : circulating concentrations of lysine , tyrosine , and valine were independently and positively associated with gdm through modifying insulin resistance and secretion.
many physical activity interventions are of short duration and do not report long-term changes in clinical measures or adoption of prescribed health behaviors.
the purpose of this next phase is to perform a longitudinal follow-up 6-months postintervention.
results : twenty participants , mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , participated.
gains made in vo2max were maintained at @number@ months ( p < @number@ ) .
participants reported engaging in sustained and routine physical activity , yet some identified a need for additional support to adopt the prescribed health behaviors.
findings from the current study may be used to inform the development of user-centered lifestyle interventions.
as the first non-hormonal alternative to estrogen-based products for this indication , the approval of ospemifene represents a significant milestone in postmenopausal women's health.
background : in norway , there is a focus on home-dwelling people with dementia receiving the opportunity to participate in organized meaningful activities.
methods : the study adopted a qualitative approach , with individual interviews conducted among eight people diagnosed with early-stage dementia.
the interview texts were analyzed using manifest and latent content analysis.
the informants appreciated the adapted physical and social activities and expressed their enjoyment and gratitude.
they found the physical activities useful , and they felt themselves to be included in a fellowship through cheerful nurses and volunteers.
the nurses were able to create a good atmosphere and spread joy in the center together with the volunteers.
the informants felt themselves valued as the persons they were.
these findings indicated that such activities may have had a positive influence on the informants ' health and well-being.
the municipality health care service should implement such activity centers with specialist nurses in dementia care together with volunteers.
among firmicutes , clostridiales was dominant in aged pit mud while bacillales and lactobacillales were dominant in aging pit mud.
the diversity of bacterial communities in aged pit mud was higher than that in aging pit mud.
conclusion : there were some significant differences in the microbial community structure between aged and aging pit mud.
objective : describe changes in the population structure of colombia's municipalities in relation to internal displacement in response to armed violence.
methods : a descriptive ecological study was carried out.
subsequently , population pyramids and structure indicators were constructed for each group of municipalities for two comparative reference years ( @number@ and @number@ ) .
results : municipalities with high expulsion or reception rates experienced a slower epidemiological transition , with lower mean ages and aging indices.
the high expulsion group had the least regression , based on the sundbärg index.
this study is useful for decision-making and public policy making.
ethnicity and cultural experience can affect neuropsychological performance , but they are rarely assessed in historical context.
attention measures are considered strongly biologically determined and therefore potentially culture-fair.
the older spaniards lived under franco's political regime ( 1936-1975 ) , whereas the americans never experienced such repression.
overall , tmt performance was culture-sensitive , whereas bta performance was not.
experimental design : forty-eight human lens nucleus samples with hardness grades iii , iv were obtained during cataract surgery by extracapsular cataract extraction.
seven normal transparent human lens nuclei were obtained from fresh normal cadaver eyes during corneal transplantation surgery.
water-soluble , water-insoluble , and protein fractions were extracted from samples.
the three-part protein fractions from the individual lenses were combined to form the total proteins of each sample.
differentially expressed proteins were validated by western blotting.
results : we employed biological and technical replicates and selected the intersection of the two results , which included @number@ proteins.
nine proteins were differentially expressed among the @number@ proteins identified using proteomic techniques.
these proteins may be associated with abnormal protein aggregation and oxidative stress.
gsh synthetase and cryab expression levels in the nuclear cataract decreased with age.
the mass spectrometric analysis results were consistent with the western blot validation.
oxyphil cell transformation of epithelial cells due to the accumulation of mitochondria occurs often during cellular aging.
next-generation sequencing revealed a broad spectrum of putative pathogenic mtdna point mutations affecting nadh dehydrogenase and cox genes as well as regulatory elements of mtdna.
thus , multiple hits in nadh dehydrogenase and cox activity-impairing genes represent the molecular basis of oxyphil cell transformation in the parathyroids.
background : the quality of life of nursing home residents has increasingly become an important dimension when evaluating care in a nursing home.
not a lot is known about the quality of life of nursing home residents in hong kong.
aim : to investigate factors associated with the quality of life of nursing home residents to inform care management policies and service delivery.
methods : this study reports data from @number@ nursing home residents.
the hong kong chinese version of the world health organization's quality of life-brief version was used.
a univariate analysis and a multiple regression analysis were then performed to identify the influencing factors.
results : the participants reported a moderate level of quality of life , with the exception in the domain of social relationships.
a univariate analysis found some associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life.
limitations : the smallness of the sample from a single study site limits the generalizability of the findings.
the presence of hv was assessed visually using a validated examination.
participants with higher bmi had lower odds of hv compared to those with normal bmi ( aor @number@.54-0.72 ) .
overall , patterns of associations were similar across subgroups.
early prevention and intervention approaches may be needed in high-risk groups ; longitudinal studies would inform these approaches.
methods : in @number@ a stratified random sample of nhsc clinicians was surveyed.
data from the @number@ pa and @number@ np respondents were analyzed ( @percent@ response rate ) .
both groups were serving in states familiar to them and within communities where they felt accepted.
the groups were generally satisfied on most measures of work , with pas more satisfied than nps on some measures.
conclusion : the nhsc's pas and nps are well matched to communities and satisfied with their work.
maximizing their nhsc experiences and retention requires recognizing their differences in demographics , debt , and areas of job satisfaction.
simultaneous combination treatment would be anticipated to provide further improvement but has not previously studied.
results : skin laxity and photodamage ( rhytides and texture ) showed significant improvement with combination mfu + afl treatment.
background : the increased demand for anti-aging treatments over the past decade has fueled the development of multimodality devices.
this allows for more efficacious treatment of dermal defects , excess adiposity , and skin laxity.
radiofrequency ( rf ) devices are constantly evolving and consequently adding multiple indications for their use.
in this article , the authors focus on bipolar and multipolar rf modalities.
objective : the objective was to review , summarize , and evaluate the key studies of procedural therapies using bipolar and multipolar rf technologies.
all studies were complete and published in peer-reviewed journals.
proper patient selection and education along with an experienced treating physician is crucial in achieving patient satisfaction and results.
it is important that larger studies are conducted to provide data on upcoming devices.
review of the literature provides a starting point for physicians seeking to treat patients safely and effectively with newer devices.
background : effective nonablative skin tightening has become a reality.
there are many devices that are now available.
objective : to create a concise reference material for existing and new practitioners who wish to be updated about the available technologies.
materials and methods : the authors reviewed the literature from the points of view of efficacy and safety and availability.
results : the increasing number of nonablative systems all seem to be effective and safe when used in the recommended manner.
conclusion : radiofrequency energy can be applied to human facial , neck , and body skin to create tightening without surgical incisions and recovery time.
objective : to examine whether fractional nonablative laser resurfacing induces skin tightening.
efforts to induce robust fibroplasia in histologic specimens and skin tightening in the clinical setting have yielded inconsistent results.
conclusion : a better understanding of the histology of fractional laser resurfacing will help to optimize clinical outcomes.
traditional and fractional ablative resurfacing induces skin tightening through precise dermal heating and a wound-healing effect.
materials and methods : a review of the literature was performed.
results : the authors discuss traditional and fractional ablative lasers for achieving skin tightening.
conclusion : neocollagenesis and dermal remodeling seen after ablative resurfacing contributes to the clinical improvement seen in tissue tightening.
background : multiple approaches to achieve eyelid tightening have been introduced over the years.
objective : this review aims to touch upon the diverse modalities used to achieve the best therapeutic approach for eyelid tightening.
materials and methods : a review of published articles on eyelid tightening using blepharoplasty and lasers was conducted.
this information combined with an illustrative case example is presented.
results : although multiple treatment options exist , there are advantages and disadvantages for each.
fractional ablative co2 laser remains an excellent alternative to traditional blepharoplasty.
objective : little is known about the relationship between family longevity , stress , and cvd in african americans.
there is evidence for mediation with life events and weekly stress events , but not with global stress.
discussion : the results show that there is a pattern on longevity in african american families that intersects with their stress experiences.
further examination of how generational patterns of stress are passed down is warranted.
methods : personality was measured by the neo personality inventory-revised , and self-rated health was assessed by the health problems checklist.
participants : the study sample had @number@ women and @number@ men.
results : multiple linear regressions showed that neuroticism and extraversion were significant regression predictors of self-rated health , after controlling for demographic factors.
conclusions : these findings suggest individual personality traits may influence health ratings , behaviors , and decision-making among older african americans.
the mammalian sirtuins have emerged as critical regulators of cellular stress resistance , energy metabolism , and tumorigenesis.
in some contexts , they delay the onset of age-related diseases and promote a healthy lifespan.
this snapshot provides an overview of these properties , with an emphasis on their relevance to aging.
we have assessed the dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain.
the number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum is established in childhood and remains stable after that.
mammalian aging can be delayed with genetic , dietary , and pharmacologic approaches.
information technology ( it ) and serious games allow older population to remain independent for longer.
hence , when designing technology for this population , developmental changes , such as attention and / or perception , should be considered.
for instance , a crucial developmental change has been related to cognitive speed in terms of reaction time ( rt ) .
however , this variable presents a skewed distribution that difficult data analysis.
an alternative strategy is to characterize the data to an ex-gaussian function.
furthermore , this procedure provides different parameters that have been related to underlying cognitive processes in the literature.
another issue to be considered is the optimal data recording , storing and processing.
we have created this scale by summing together various scores linked to a selection of parameters according to which mri images are analyzed.
we assigned to each parameter a score system based on a graduated scale.
the cervical spine physiological age can be determined by summing up the scores obtained for each parameter.
results : we submitted the data obtained from the study to a statistical enquiry.
the results of the enquiry confirmed the suitability of the parameters selected for the evaluation of the aging process of the cervical spine.
conclusions : the effectiveness of the various treatments for cervical spine degenerative disorders is influenced by the overall anatomical conditions of the cervical spine.
up until now there has been no objective criterion for the evaluation of these anatomical conditions.
at the present time a standardized definition has not yet been established.
the proposed categorization in this chapter can be helpful for usage by patients and their relatives , care givers , and medical doctors.
notch signaling is a master controller of the neural stem cell and neural development maintaining a significant role in the normal brain function.
notch genes are involved in embryogenesis , nervous system , and cardiovascular and endocrine function.
glycation is an inevitable nonenzymatic covalent reaction between proteins and endogenous reducing sugars or dicarbonyls ( methylglyoxal , glyoxal ) that results in protein inactivation.
dj-1 was reported to be a multifunctional oxidative stress response protein with poorly defined function.
dj-1 prevented protein glycation in an escherichia coli mutant deficient in the dj-1 homolog yajl and restored cell viability in glucose-containing media.
these results suggest that dj-1-associated parkinsonism results from excessive protein glycation and establishes dj-1 as a major anti-glycation and anti-aging protein.
background : although functional task-specific training is a viable approach for upper extremity neurorehabilitation , its appropriateness for older populations is unclear.
objective : this cross-sectional study tested the efficacy and feasibility of upper extremity task-specific training in older adults , including those with lower cognitive scores.
methods : fifty older adults ( age 65-89 years ) without any confounding neuromuscular impairment were randomly assigned to a training group or no-training group.
efficacy was determined by rate , amount , and retention of training-related improvement , and compared across levels of cognitive status.
feasibility was determined by participants ' tolerance of the prescribed training dose.
cognitive status did not alter results , although participants with lower scores on the montreal cognitive assessment were slower overall.
we evaluated the association of depressive symptoms and telomere length to mortality and recurrence / progression in @number@ patients with bladder cancer.
multivariate cox regression was used to assess the association of depression and telomere length to outcomes and the joint effect of both.
kaplan-meier plots and log-rank tests were used to compare survival time of subgroups by depression variables and telomere length.
conclusion : short telomere length and depressive symptoms are associated with bladder cancer mortality individually and jointly.
impact : further investigation of interventions that impact depression and telomere length may be warranted in patients with cancer.
although there are multiple pathways to successful aging , little is known of what it means to age successfully among black women.
although this ideal has received considerable attention in the behavioral sciences , it has been largely absent within the gerontology field.
nevertheless , understanding the dynamics of this cultural ideal may enhance our knowledge while developing an appreciation of the black woman's ability to age successfully.
objectives : previous research indicates that volunteer satisfaction and enjoyment do not exert direct effects on the cessation of volunteering by older adults.
this study examined whether satisfaction with and enjoyment of volunteering indirectly affect volunteer cessation via hours volunteered.
future research should test the proposed causal sequence using longitudinal data with at least @number@ waves.
thus , understanding the complex underlying mechanisms and development of thoughtful , effective strategies that involve these mechanisms are critical.
many factors causing ocular surface damage and inflammation have been shown to contribute to the etiopathogenesis.
increased osmolarity induces ocular surface inflammation leading to disruption of both the quality and quantity of tears.
thus , the treatment objective is to prevent severe dry eye complications via preventing inflammation and apoptosis of the ocular surface cells.
the ultimate target is a normalized ocular surface , increased tear stability , and decreased osmolarity of the tear film.
the aim of the study was to investigate the role of redox balance in the pathogenesis of skin aging in menopausal women.
@number@ menopausal women aged @number@ to @number@ years and @number@ reproductive women aged @number@ to @number@ years were studied.
it is concluded that in mechanisms of skin aging of menopausal women estrogen-depending alterations in redox-balance places important role.
in this chapter we present excess entropy production for human aging system as the sum of their respective subsystems and electrophysiological status.
the data originates from the siesta project database established in the late 1990s.
neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) include tangles ( nft ) and beta amyloid ( aβ ) plaques.
despite numerous neuropathological studies that assessed the relationship of cognitive decline with neuropathologic lesions , their correlation still remains unclear.
nfts and aβ plaques have been widely implicated and described in normal aging.
the theory of cognitive reserve has been proposed for further understanding of interindividual differences in terms of compensation despite the presence of pathological lesions.
summary : the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age.
the diagnosis of sarcopenia relies in part on normative data on muscle mass , but these data are lacking.
introduction : the ageing population increases the prevalence of sarcopenia.
methods : this is a cross-sectional , population-based single-centre study.
our participants are from random selection of @number@ men , aged 20-29 years , and @number@ men , aged 60-74 years.
lbm was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) .
lbm t-scores were calculated on the basis of lbm in the young participants.
muscle function in the lower extremities was measured using a leg extension power ( lep ) rig in the ageing participants.
in the ageing men , tlb and lelb t-scores were @number@ ( @number@ ) and @number@ ( @number@ ) .
a total of @number@ and @percent@ had a tlb or lelb t-score of less than @number@ and a lep in the lowest quartile.
conclusions : this study provides population-based reference data on lbm in men , and these data may be used clinically for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.
this five-year follow-up nonrandomized controlled study evaluated community-based training and detraining on body composition and functional ability in older women.
body composition and physical fitness were measured at baseline , after nine months of training and after three months of detraining every year.
training-induced favorable adaptations were reversed during detraining but , eventually , training groups presented better values than the control group even after detraining.
three months of detraining , however , changed the favorable adaptations and underlined the need for uninterrupted exercise throughout life.
results of this study indicated that older adults may prefer certain elements on a trail , namely those elements that afforded their choice of activity.
aneurysm can develop in all arteries of the human body.
pseudoaneurysm induced by trauma is known as a rare condition in peripheral arteries.
this complication is known as late sequelae of trauma.
the incidence of pseudoaneurysm in upper extremities artery is less than lower extremities.
delayed treatment of pseudoaneurysm leads to bleeding , venous edema at the extremities and compression on the adjacent nerve as a result of pseudoaneurysm enlargement.
early diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm is very important , because this complication can induce disabilities such as upper extremities and finger loss.
peripheral arteries pseudoaneurysm in distal locations especially in brachial artery and forearm can cause a thrombotic complication in hands and fingers.
lack of activity during hospitalization may contribute to functional decline.
in this observational study , 24-hr accelerometer data ( activpal ) were collected from inclusion to discharge in @number@ patients at an acute geriatric ward.
the median time spent walking was @number@ min per day.
improvement in time spent walking was primarily observed in the group able to perform the timed up & go task at admission.
we aimed at exploring whether the prevalence of co-morbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) increases with copd severity.
analysis of medical records of outpatients with established diagnosis of copd was retrospectively performed.
the lower limit of normality ( lln ) for fev1 / fvc was applied to establish the occurrence of airway obstruction in the elderly population.
the prevalence of co-morbidities was calculated , and the proportion of patients with each co-morbidity along with gold stages was analysed by chi-square for trend.
underweight patients were @percent@ of the sample while obese patients were @percent@.
of the analyzed co-morbidities showed a trend towards increasing prevalence with copd severity , except for nutritional problems.
objective : the purpose of this study was to identify differences in orofacial muscle strength according to age and sex in healthy east asian adults.
design : a total of @number@ subjects participated in this study ( age range , 20-93 yrs ) .
they were divided into two groups according to sex ( male , n = @number@ female , n = @number@ ) .
assessments were performed using the iowa oral performance instrument.
measures included the anterior tongue elevation pressure , posterior tongue elevation pressure , buccodental pressure , and lip pressure.
results : all measures were higher in the male than in the female subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : significant age-related differences in orofacial muscle strength were observed mainly of the tongue musculature.
the whoqol-bref and whoqol-old instruments were used to measure qol , while the weekly volume and frequency of mvpa and lw were assessed by ipaq.
an ordinal logistic regression was used as a measure of association.
the weekly volumes of mvpa and lw were associated with several domains of qol.
higher frequency of mvpa was associated with better scores in @number@ qol domains.
the weekly frequency of lw , in turn , was associated with all qol domains.
the seedcakes are a potential source of natural bioactive substances : antioxidants , protein , and carbohydrates.
thus , they may scavenge free radicals and have an effect on the stratum corneum hydration and epidermal barrier function.
the seedcakes due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have potential application in anti-aging , moisturizing , mitigating , and protective cosmetics.
soy isoflavone is an attractive source of functional cosmetic materials with anti-wrinkle , whitening and skin hydration effects.
after consumption , the majority of soy isoflavones are converted to their metabolites in the human gastrointestinal tract.
mmps play a critical role in the degradation of collagen in skin , thereby accelerating the aging process of skin.
furthermore , the direct interaction between @number@'-thif and endogenous pkcα was confirmed using the pull-down assay.
not only suv-induced mmp-1 expression , but also suv-induced signaling pathway activation were decreased in pkcα knockdown cells.
overall , we elucidated the inhibitory effect of @number@'-thif on suv-induced mmps and suggest pkcα as its direct molecular target.
background : increasing age has traditionally been associated with impairment in wound healing after operative interventions.
this is based mostly on hearsay and anecdotal information.
this idea fits with the authors ' understanding of biology in older organisms.
this dictum has not been rigorously tested in clinical practice.
multivariate analyses were used to investigate the impact of aging in wound dehiscence.
results : a total of @number@ patients were identified.
overall , the incidence of wound dehiscence was @number@ percent ( n = @number@ ) .
when patients younger than @number@ years were compared to older patient groups , no difference in the probability of developing wound dehiscence was noted.
conclusions : in patients undergoing plastic surgery , wound dehiscence is a rare complication ( @number@ percent ) .
aging is not associated with an increased incidence of wound dehiscence.
clinical question / level of evidence : risk , iii.
body weight remained unchanged.
daily physical activity decreased by @number@ ± @percent@ ( y ) and @number@ ± @percent@ ( o ) ( p < @number@ ) .
maximal oxygen uptake decreased with inactivity ( y ) and always increased with training.
visceral fat mass decreased ( p < @number@ ) with training.
concentrations of lipids in blood were always highest in the older adults.
ffa and glycerol increased with reduced activity ( p < @number@ ) , but reverted with training.
a minor reduction in daily physical activity for two weeks increased blood lipids in both young and older men.
six weeks of training improved blood lipids along with loss of visceral fat.
this remarkable demographic change has been accompanied by a shift in disease prevalence so that age is now the major determinant of most common diseases.
the challenge is to enhance healthy ageing and to reduce the financial and social burdens associated with chronic ill health in later life.
dietary ( energy ) restriction increases lifespan in several model organisms , but it is uncertain whether it is effective in primates , including humans.
men and older participants had more accelerometer-measured sedentary time than their counterparts.
the difference between accelerometer-measured weekday and weekend sedentary time was nonsignificant.
however , participants self-reported @number@ hr per day more sedentary time on weekdays compared with weekend days.
with a differential diagnosis that encompasses vulvar disorders and infectious and noninfectious causes of vaginitis , accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of choosing effective therapy.
ancillary tests , especially yeast culture with speciation , are frequently crucial to obtaining a correct diagnosis.
a heavy but normal physiologic discharge can be determined by excluding other causes.
with vulvovaginal candidiasis , differentiating between candida albicans and non-albicans candida infection has important treatment ramifications.
most patients with c albicans infections can be successfully treated with maintenance antifungal therapy , usually with fluconazole.
recurrent bacterial vaginosis , a difficult therapeutic challenge , can often be controlled with maintenance therapy.
multiple options , especially high-dose tinidazole , have been used for metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis.
after reading the @number@ final articles in their entirety , two additional articles , found by a manual search , were included.
of these , @number@ had beneficial results of exercise in alzheimer's disease.
background : a decline in prevalence of late-life disability in activities of daily living ( adls ) has been reported in western countries.
data on adls were collected through interviews.
generalized estimating equation models were used to test the time trend in adl disability and its association with cardiometabolic diseases.
the disabling effect decreased over time for stroke ( p trend = @number@ ) and multiple cardiometabolic diseases ( p trend = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of disability in basic adls among chinese older adults decreased from @number@ to @number@
stroke and multiple cardiometabolic diseases appear to become less disabling over time , which may partly contribute to the favorable trend in adl disability.
autoimmune cytopenia is a frequent manifestation of primary immunodeficiencies.
two siblings presented with evans syndrome , viral infections , and progressive leukopenia.
dna available from one patient showed a homozygous frameshift mutation in tripeptidyl peptidase ii ( tpp2 ) abolishing protein expression.
tpp2 is a serine exopeptidase involved in extralysosomal peptide degradation.
its deficiency in mice activates cell death programs and premature senescence.
t-cells showed increased expression of the effector molecules perforin and interferon-γ with high expression of the transcription factor t-bet.
moreover , markers of senescence were also present in human and murine tpp2-deficient fibroblasts.
tpp2 deficiency is the first primary immunodeficiency linking premature immunosenescence to severe autoimmunity.
determination of senescent lymphocytes should be part of the diagnostic evaluation of children with refractory multilineage cytopenias.
method : the literature search was limited to studies conducted from @number@ to @number@ that were published in english in peer-reviewed journals.
results : nineteen studies were identified , @number@ of which found significant differences in aβ levels between depressed and non-depressed older adults.
however , studies were limited by their cross-sectional design , reliance on blood-based measures of aβ , and potential sample bias.
conclusions : future investigations should consider prospective longitudinal design using neuroimaging and csf measures of aβ.
we have previously demonstrated that aging reduces the compensatory vasodilator response during hypoxic exercise due to blunted nitric oxide ( no ) signaling.
recent evidence suggests that no bioavailability can be augmented by dietary nitrate through the nitrate-nitrite pathway.
thus we tested the hypothesis that acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise , particularly in older adults.
consumption of br increased plasma nitrite in both young and older adults ( p < @number@ ) .
our data suggest that acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise in older but not young adults.
background : black carbon ( bc ) is a pro-oxidant , traffic-related pollutant linked with lung function decline.
we evaluated the influence of genetic variation in the oxidative stress pathway on the association between long-term bc exposure and lung function decline.
residential bc exposure levels were estimated using a spatiotemporal land use regression model.
associations were strongest when evaluating 5-year moving averages of bc exposure.
the results , if confirmed , should inform air-quality recommendations in light of a potentially susceptible subgroup.
method : consecutive patients were randomly allocated to a model development sample or a model validation sample.
multivariate analyses were used to model in-hospital mortality , new nursing home placement , and length of stay.
variables selected in the development samples were tested in the validation samples.
results : the mean age of all @number@ patients was @number@ years.
most ( @percent@ ) were admitted through the emergency department.
discussion : frailty is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in older people hospitalized with acute illness.
an increased awareness of its impact may alert clinicians to screen for frailty.
in particular , it is unresolved how hpv-infected keratinocytes escape cell-cycle control and whether their cross-talk with immune cells is critical for tumorigenesis.
in nonviral preclinical models , the angiogenic cytokine vegf-a has been identified as a critical regulator of nmsc.
the age-related decline in muscle function contributes to the movement limitations in daily life in old age.
the age-related loss in muscle force is attributable to loss of myofibers , myofiber atrophy , and a reduction in specific force.
the contribution of each of these determinants to muscle weakness in old age is , however , largely unknown.
m. plantaris mass of old mice was not significantly smaller than that of adult mice.
there was also no significant myofiber atrophy or myofiber loss.
twenty adults with ds and their parents / caregivers were a part of a longitudinal study , which provided two time points of data.
in addition @number@ adults with ds and their parents / caregivers from a cross-sectional study were included.
random effects regression analyses were used to examine the patterns in item scores associated with ageing.
possible reasons for this pattern will be discussed.
overall , these findings suggest that adults with ds may benefit from additional support in terms of their social and conceptual abilities as they age.
the role of selenium in human brain physiology , as well as in aging and neurodegenerative processes , remains unclear.
selenium levels were unchanged with aging.
background : telomere length predicts cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) possibly through an impact of telomere attrition on aortic stiffness.
pwv was determined using carotid and femoral applanation tonometry ( sphygmocor ) .
relative leukocyte telomere length ( t / s ) was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.
conclusions : gender and premenopausal status do not affect age-related decreases in t / s and associations between t / s and pwv.
the analytic sample includes @number@ married women and @number@ married men ( aged 57-85 in the first wave ) who were interviewed in both waves.
we apply heckman-type corrections for selection bias due to mortality and marriage.
cardiovascular risk is measured as hypertension , rapid heart rate , c-reactive protein , and general cardiovascular events.
these findings fit with the gendered life course perspective and cumulative disadvantage framework.
methods : literature review and case studies.
results : geriatricians have made a significant contribution to the development of integrated care for older people.
the feasibility of this approach has been shown in demonstration projects.
although there is only limited evidence from randomised controlled trials , integrated care seems likely to be beneficial.
there is an opportunity to develop new approaches to integrated care for older people in prevention and provision of community alternatives to hospital care.
in particular , we assume that increased transcallosal pt connectivity might promote functional specialization and asymmetry of homotopic brain regions.
our results indicate increased connectivity between the left and right pt in musicians compared to nonmusicians , as indexed by reduced mean rd.
we did not find significant between-group differences in fa and ad.
hence , we provide first evidence for a relationship between pt connectivity , musicianship , and phonetic categorization.
background : the rank product method is a powerful statistical technique for identifying differentially expressed molecules in replicated experiments.
a critical issue in molecule selection is accurate calculation of the p-value of the rank product statistic to adequately address multiple testing.
both exact calculation and permutation and gamma approximations have been proposed to determine molecule-level significance.
these current approaches have serious drawbacks as they are either computationally burdensome or provide inaccurate estimates in the tail of the p-value distribution.
we illustrate the proposed method in the context of a recently published analysis on transcriptomic profiling performed in blood.
conclusions : we provide a method to determine upper bounds and accurate approximate p-values of the rank product statistic.
the r code is published in one of the additional files and is available at @url@ .
advanced age is associated with an increased risk of vascular morbidity , attributable in part to impairments in new blood vessel formation.
here we utilize single cell transcriptional analysis to determine the effect of aging on msc population dynamics.
we identify an age-related depletion of a subpopulation of mscs characterized by a pro-vascular transcriptional profile.
finally , aged mscs are unable to rescue age-associated impairments in cutaneous wound healing.
taken together , these data suggest that age-related changes in msc population dynamics result in impaired therapeutic potential of aged progenitor cells.
the use of kinematics is recommended to quantitatively evaluate upper limb movements.
the aims of this study were to determine the age effects on upper limb kinematics and establish norms in healthy children.
ninety-three healthy children , aged 3-12 years , participated in this study.
twenty-eight kinematic indices were computed from four tasks.
each task was performed with the reaplan , a distal effector robotic device that allows upper limb displacements in the horizontal plane.
twenty-four of the @number@ indices showed an improvement during childhood.
indeed , older children showed better upper limb movements.
this study was the first to use a robotic device to show the age effects on upper limb kinematics and establish norms in healthy children.
both quantitative rt-pcr and immunohistochemistry were carried out to verify the microarray results.
microarray analysis identified mrna expression of prdx5 , vcam1 , ccl20 , alcam , and pax6 as being significantly altered by hucb cell treatment.
our observations show that hucb neuroprotection is dependent on the activation of the akt signaling pathway that increases transcription of the prdx5 gene.
these progressive diseases typically have an insidious onset , with overlapping clinical features early in the disease course that make diagnosis challenging.
these techniques have unique strengths and synergies in multimodality evaluation of the patient with cognitive decline or dementia.
there was no significant differences in the genotype frequency or allele distribution in other paired groups ( p > 0.05 ) .
disruption of normal fetal development can influence functioning of organs and cells in adulthood.
circumstantial evidence suggests that subtle reductions in fetal androgen production may be the cause of adult male reproductive disorders due to reduced testosterone production.
the mechanisms through which these fetal events affect adult testosterone levels are largely unknown.
life table analyses reveal that subjects spent over half of the period after @number@ with serious functional limitations.
significant gender and nativity differentials emerge.
background : as greater numbers of us are living longer , it is increasingly important to understand how we can age healthily.
our aim in this project is to understand how age-related changes to neural structure and function interact to support cognitive abilities across the lifespan.
cognition is assessed across multiple domains including attention and executive control , language , memory , emotion , action control and learning.
this approach offers hypothesis-driven insights into the relationship between brain and behaviour in healthy ageing that are relevant to the general population.
discussion : our study is a unique resource of neuroimaging and cognitive measures relevant to change across the adult lifespan.
cellular senescence is a terminal differentiation state that has been proposed to have a role in both tumour suppression and ageing.
thus , identifying senescent cells in in vivo and in vitro has an important diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
the molecular pathways involved in triggering and / or maintaining the senescent phenotype are not fully understood.
as a consequence , the markers currently utilized to detect senescent cells are limited and lack specificity.
in order to address this issue , we screened for plasma membrane-associated proteins that are preferentially expressed in senescent cells.
of note , we found that expression of several of these markers correlated with increased survival in different tumours , especially in breast cancer.
purpose : the prevalence of female homemakers ( those who stay at home to care for the home or family ) has increased to @percent@.
homemakers may be more active than employed women ( ew ) .
limited data are available for domestic-related activity ; therefore , the assessment of the activity levels of homemakers has been sparse.
daily ( hour-by-hour ) profiles of activity were compared between homemakers and ew.
on weekdays , ew initiated activity earlier than homemakers but not on weekends.
on weekends , both groups had less mvpa than weekdays.
conclusion : our hourly analysis delineated important differences in activity between the groups.
interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and increase activity are highly desirable and should take into consideration the temporality of homemakers and ew activity patterns.
misfolded proteins ( mp ) are a key component in aging and associated neurodegenerative disorders.
for example , misfolded amyloid-ß ( aß ) and tau proteins are two neuropathogenic hallmarks of alzheimer's disease.
mechanisms underlying intra-brain mp propagation / deposition remain essentially uncharacterized.
in sum , the proposed esm constitutes a promising framework to clarify intra-brain region to region transference mechanisms associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
residents in communities with 4 25 beds were more racially diverse than residents in larger communities.
emergency department visits and discharges from an overnight hospital stay in a 90-day period did not vary across residents by community bed size.
this report presents national estimates of residents living in residential care , using data from the first wave of nsltcp.
the findings also highlight the diversity of residents across the different sizes of residential care communities.
these national and state estimates establish a baseline for monitoring trends among residents living in residential care.
in @number@ the majority of residential care communities had 4 25 beds , yet @percent@ of residents lived in communities with more than @number@ beds.
dementia-exclusive care or dementia care units were more common as community size increased.
a higher percentage of communities with more than @number@ beds screened for depression compared with communities with 4 25 beds.
this report presents national estimates of residential care communities , using data from the first wave of nsltcp.
the findings also highlight the diversity of residential care communities across different sizes.
these national and state estimates establish a baseline for monitoring trends among residents living in residential care.
importance : in youth , facial aesthetic units flow together without perceptible division.
the face appears as a single dynamic structure with a smooth contour and very little if any shadowing between different anatomical regions.
as one ages , facial aesthetic units slowly become distinct.
although the impact of aesthetic unit separation is clinically apparent , its fundamental role in perceived facial aging has not yet been defined empirically.
photographic stimuli were then presented to @number@ naive observers in a blinded paired comparison.
for each stimulus pair , observers were asked to select the facial photograph that they considered to be more youthful in appearance.
each stimulus was compared with all others.
paired t tests were used to compare the preference scores between the facial stimuli with and without aesthetic unit separation.
results : we generated @number@ responses for analysis.
within-rater reliability was found to be very good ( r = @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : our data support the hypothesis that facial aesthetic unit separation influences perceived facial youthfulness among photographs of women.
the presence of facial aesthetic unit separation results in a less youthful appearance.
based on these empirical data , the concept of facial aesthetic unit separation appears to play a significant role in perceived facial aging.
level of evidence : na.
everyday consumer choices frequently involve memory , as when we retrieve information about consumer products when making purchasing decisions.
in this context , poor memory may affect decision quality , particularly in individuals with memory decline , such as older adults.
however , age differences in choice behavior may be reduced if older adults can recruit additional neural resources that support task performance.
extending these results , we observed evidence for compensation in connectivity between vmpfc and the dorsolateral pfc during memory-dependent choice.
in contrast , we found no evidence for age differences in value-related processing or age-related compensation for choices without delayed retrieval.
together , these results converge on the conclusion that age-related decline in memory-dependent choice performance can be minimized via functional compensation in vmpfc.
objective : to examine associations between complexity of main lifetime occupation and cognitive performance in later life.
iq data were available from mean age @number@ years.
cognitive ability data across the domains of general ability , processing speed , and memory were available at mean age @number@ years.
objective : we examined the relation of flavonoid intake in midlife with the prevalence of healthy aging.
results : of women who survived until ≥70 y of age , @number@ women ( @percent@ ) met our criteria for healthy aging.
we showed no association with flavan-3-ol monomers ( p-trend = @number@ ) or polymers ( p-trend = @number@ ) .
background : poor vitamin k status is linked to greater risk of several chronic diseases.
although a strong genetic component has been hypothesized , this has yet to be examined by a genome-wide association ( gwa ) study.
circulating phylloquinone was measured by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
results from adjusted cohort-specific discovery gwa analyses were meta-analyzed with inverse variance weights ( n = @number@ ) .
results : no significant association was observed for circulating phylloquinone at the genome-wide significance level of @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) .
second-stage analysis in an independent cohort further suggests the association of the 5q22.3 locus with circulating phylloquinone ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : multiple candidate genes related to lipoprotein and vitamin k metabolism were identified as potential determinants of circulating phylloquinone.
further investigation with a larger sample is warranted to verify our initial findings and identify other loci contributing to circulating phylloquinone.
trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00005121 ( framingham offspring study ) and nct00005487 ( multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis ) .
nat10 is highly expressed in malignant tumors , and is also a promising target for therapies against laminopathies and premature aging.
thereby , we identified @number@ proteins , including @number@ proteins with an age-associated abundance change.
central to this is the knowledge that inflammation is a known hallmark of pd and of many other degenerative diseases.
we discuss cyclooxygenases , prostaglandins , thromboxanes and also iron in pd.
these particular signalling molecules are involved in pd pathophysiology , but are also very important in an aberrant coagulation / hematology system.
this would be observable as changes in the morphology of the rbcs and of pd patients relative to healthy controls.
this morphological indicator may have useful diagnostic and prognostic significance.
several studies have demonstrated decreases of docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholines ( dha-pcs ) in the ad brain.
furthermore , at the molecular level , this depletion was associated with reduced levels of the postsynaptic protein psd-95 but not the presynaptic protein synaptophysin.
background : unlike traditional primary care centres , part of the community health centre ( chc ) mandate is to address upstream health determinants.
in ontario , chcs refer to these activities as community initiatives ( cis ) ; yet , little is known about how cis operate.
the objective of this study was to examine the scope , resource requirements , partnerships , successes and challenges among selected ontario cis.
methods : we conducted qualitative interviews with @number@ chc staff members representing @number@ cis across ontario.
cis were identified through an online inventory , recruited by e-mail and interviewed between march and @date@ .
results : most cis aim to increase community participation , while addressing social isolation and poverty.
they draw minimal financial resources from their chc , and employ highly skilled staff to support implementation.
most enlist support from various partners , and use numerous methods for community engagement.
successes include improved community relations , increased opportunities for education and employment and rewarding partnerships , while insufficient funding was a commonly identified challenge.
objectives : much is known about the factors making caring for a spouse with dementia burdensome.
however , relatively little is known about factors that help some spouses become resilient.
we define resilience as ' the process of negotiating , managing and adapting to significant sources of stress or trauma'.
method : twenty in-depth qualitative interviews with spousal carers from two carer support groups and a care home in north west england.
results : eight participants were resilient and @number@ were not.
a resilient carer was characterised as someone who stays positive and actively maintained their relationship and loved one's former self.
resilient carers were knowledgeable and well supported by family but especially friends , with whom they shared this knowledge.
they were more actively engaged with services such as respite care.
conclusion : there is a need to move towards more ecological models of resilience.
we propose that access to assets and resources is not always sufficient to facilitate resilience.
implications of these findings are discussed.
social activity was divided into various elements and the same analysis was conducted for each of these elements.
the negative association was particularly strong for leisure , culture or sports clubs , and for family or school reunion.
cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be a stronger predictor of number of chronic conditions and bmi than total physical activity and sedentary.
those with a higher cardiorespiratory fitness had fewer chronic conditions and a lower bmi.
no such associations were seen for either total physical activity levels or sedentary time.
the chronic inflammatory state at old age may contribute to the pathophysiology of or reflect chronic conditions resulting in loss of physical and mental functioning.
serum levels of @number@ inflammatory proteins , including cytokines , growth factors , and acute phase proteins , were measured at baseline.
almost @number@ % of the participants had a significant global functional decline over time.
the proportion of global functional decline exhibited a dose-response curve with increasing levels of il-6.
thus , il-6 is an independent risk indicator for accelerated global functional decline in the oldest old.
unlabelled : aging is a major risk factor for poor outcome in patients with ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms ( ia ) submitted to treatment.
it impairs several physiologic patterns related to cerebrovascular hemodynamics and homeostasis.
objective : evaluate clinical , radiological patterns and prognostic factors of subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) patients according to age.
results : there was statistically significant association of age with impaired clinical , radiological presentation and outcomes in cases of sah.
additional key players in the modification of the extracellular matrix are matrix metalloproteinases.
background : worldwide , populations are aging and the health of elderly individuals is deteriorating.
healthy habits may slow the process of health deterioration , but research investigating relationships between health and various health behaviors is lacking.
results : sufficient physical activity affected self-rated health most significantly in both genders , whereas excessive alcohol consumption had no significant effect.
fruit and vegetable consumption had a strong effect on self-rated health among women , but not men.
conclusions : the results of this study indicate that health behaviors , especially physical activity , are important for the health of russia's older population.
smoking behavior had a strong impact on the health of men , whereas fruit and vegetable consumption was a relevant factor for women.
policies promoting smoking reduction and healthy diet should thus target older men and women , respectively.
industrialized nations face the common challenge of caring for aging populations , with rising rates of chronic disease and disability.
out-of-pocket expenses posed greater problems in the united states than elsewhere.
one-fifth or more of older adults reported receiving uncoordinated care in all countries except france.
finally , in half of the countries , one-fifth or more of chronically ill adults were caregivers themselves.
diabetes is a condition of accelerated vascular aging.
patients with diabetes have approximately twice the risk of stroke compared to nondiabetics.
glucose lowering has not been shown to be associated with improved prognosis.
similarly , long-term prevention of stroke risk among diabetic patients is not improved with glucose-lowering therapies.
stroke prevention and treatment remains generic among diabetic patients.
the future , however , may be brighter , with multiple new agents recently available.
we await the outcome of these agents on macrovascular complications such as stroke.
excessively elevated resting metabolic rate ( rmr ) for persons of a certain age , sex , and body composition is a mortality risk factor.
whether elevated rmr constitutes an early marker of health deterioration in older adult has not been fully investigated.
multimorbidity was assessed as number of chronic diseases.
baseline rmr and multimorbidity were positively associated , independent of covariates ( p = @number@ ) .
replication and the development of normative data are required for clinical translation.
background : diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is highly prevalent and increasing in geriatric population.
depression and sleep disorders occur at a higher rate in patients with diabetes compared with controls.
aim : the purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether diabetic complications influence the sleep quality and depression in elderly patients.
methods : @number@ geriatric diabetic patients ( male / female : 69 / 85 ) were enrolled in this study.
patients were investigated for microvascular and macrovascular complications.
linear regression analysis was performed to identify significant independent related factors for gds and psqi scores.
results : microvascular and macrovascular complications were found in @number@ % and @number@ of study population.
there was no difference in gds scores between the patients with and without macrovascular complications.
there was a positive correlation between dm duration and psqi , gds scores.
conclusion : depression status and sleep quality are strongly influenced by diabetic complications and dm duration in elderly patients.
lithium modulates signals impacting on the cytoskeleton , a dynamic system contributing to neural plasticity at multiple levels.
besides , we have tried to understand the molecular mechanism of lithium action that triggers changes in cytoskeleton and neurites outgrowth.
moreover , genes coding for ck2 and thymosine beta-10 were significantly up-regulated , however , that coding for rack1 was down-regulated.
the most interesting result in this work is that mechanism underlying lithium action was not related to the inhibition of gsk3 activity.
in fact , neither expression rate nor activity of this protein was changed.
however , genetic factors associated with lung function in individuals with exceptional longevity have not been identified.
replication was performed using data from the charge / spirometa consortia.
conclusion : future studies need to identify the rare genetic variants underlying the linkage peak in chromosome @number@ for fev1.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate third molar development and its relation to chronological age using panoramic radiography.
material and methods : a total of @number@ digital panoramic radiographs of individuals aged between @number@ and @number@ years were selected.
the collected data were entered into a checklist and subjected to statistical analyses.
in both jaws , third molar development occurred symmetrically , and sexual dimorphism was observed at some developmental stages.
conclusion : assessment of third molar development was found to be a reliable method for age estimation of individuals between @number@ and @number@ years.
because of possible ethnic and geographic differences in third molar development , population specific researches were recommended.
existing data about perioral aging has not yet been transformed into a consistent therapeutic concept.
the intention of this study was to provide a simple , yet reproducible classification and to offer appropriate rejuvenation approaches.
methods : to identify reliable and constant landmarks of the ongoing process of perioral aging , @number@ perioral photo documentations were morphometrically analyzed.
based upon the identified landmarks a two-dimensional classification was developed.
the classification was validated by three plastic surgeons.
inter- and intra-rater reliability was calculated using cohen's kappa coefficient.
results : perioral aging can be broken down into changes of the lip shape and changes of the lip surface.
inter-observer reliability was rated very good ( kappa values between @number@ and @number@ ) and perfect for intra-observer reliability ( @number@ ) .
conclusion : a better understanding of perioral aging leads to a simple classification for the aging lips.
using the classification helps to tailor an appropriate treatment to the individual patient and aids to achieve a natural rejuvenation result.
in contrast , single-turnover rates of dna unwinding by ddx11 and uvrd helicases were only modestly affected by the cpu lesion in the translocating strand.
glioma is the most common form of primary brain tumor.
demographically , the risk of occurrence increases until old age.
here we present a novel computational model to reproduce the probability of glioma incidence across the lifespan.
previous mathematical models explaining glioma incidence are framed in a rather abstract way , and do not directly relate to empirical findings.
to decrease this gap between theory and experimental observations , we incorporate recent data on cellular and molecular factors underlying gliomagenesis.
we demonstrate that our model yields results which match actual demographic data in the human population.
overall , our model supports the hypothesis that glioma is caused by randomly-occurring oncogenic mutations within the neural stem cell population.
our model provides multiple testable predictions , and suggests that different temporal sequences of oncogenic mutations can lead to tumorigenesis.
finally , we conclude that four or five oncogenic mutations are sufficient for the formation of glioma.
importance : with an aging population , preoperative assessment of the frail older adult requires evaluation beyond simply accounting for chronic diseases.
impaired cognition is a recognized characteristic of the frail older adult.
objective : to examine the effect of preoperative impaired sensorium ( is ) on general surgical outcomes.
patients undergoing nonemergent general surgical operations were studied.
multivariable logistic regression involving @number@ preoperative patient-level risk factors and comorbidities was used to calculate the conditional probability of having is.
patients having and not having preoperative is were matched on their propensity scores using a 1 : 1 greedy matching technique.
complication rates between patients with and without is were compared.
main outcomes and measures : rates of postoperative complications and death following nonemergent general surgical operations.
results : in total , @number@ @number@ patients were studied , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) had preoperative is.
patients with is were older and had more significant preoperative risk factors and comorbidities.
as a result , unadjusted analysis found that @number@ of @number@ postoperative complications were significantly more likely to occur in patients with is.
conclusions and relevance : impaired sensorium significantly increases postoperative morbidity and mortality independent of other preoperative risk factors and comorbidities following nonemergent general surgical operations.
incorporation of impaired cognitive function into routine preoperative risk assessment and decision making could be an important addition to traditional risk assessment strategies.
ionizing radiation ( ir ) is a well-known human carcinogen.
young and adult individuals are known to respond to radiation in a different manner.
no changes were observed in old animals.
we also examined how this relationship was modified by gender and the nature of the job loss.
the study collected data from a total of @number@ subjects aged ≥ @number@ years at baseline.
after applying exclusion criteria , the final sample size for analysis consisted of @number@ individuals.
cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between voluntary / involuntary job loss and the development of stroke or cardiovascular disease.
we performed these analyses separately according to disease , gender , and the nature of the job loss.
voluntary retirement also increased the risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke among males ( adjusted hr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.533-5.409 ) .
methods : the study was a retrospective , institutional , and comparative case series.
conclusions : the papillomacular bundle rnfl of adoa is most vulnerable and progressively damaged with age , despite early temporal rnfl loss.
early loss of inferior temporal rnfl in adoa is related to superotemporal central scotoma.
therefore , urgent needs must be met in order to help policy-makers deal with the increasing societal costs of diseases.
these differences have led to different predictive disease models and can influence the assessment of aging and environmental modifiers.
this paper highlights implications for the governance of health systems using current debates on the evolution of these major fields of science.
background and objectives : decreased hippocampal volume in older adults is associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
this study aimed to examine the relationship between modifiable risk factors and hippocampal volume in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.
measures of depression , global cognitive functioning , exercise , vascular health , cognitive reserve , sleep , and memory were collected.
hippocampal volumes were derived using image segmentation as implemented by fmrib software library.
for the left hippocampus , poor sleep efficiency and greater than five years untreated depressive illness remained significant predictors.
for the right hippocampus , diabetes and low diastolic blood pressure significant predictors.
studies exploring the impact of early intervention for these risk factors on hippocampal integrity are warranted.
the crucial step in ad pathogenesis is the production of amyloid-β42 peptide , which causes chronic inflammation.
activated cells in the central nervous system ( cns ) produce pro-inflammatory mediators that lead to the recruitment of myeloid or lymphocytic cells.
our results demonstrate that both the amount and the trafficking profile of b cells are related to the severity of ad.
the results discussed in this paper suggest a well-selected antibody panel should be used as an additional test for the identification of early ad.
the accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide is one of the major neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we have analyzed whether the progression of amyloidosis differentially affects males and females along aging in aβpp / ps1 transgenic mice.
the levels of peripheral amyloid , aβ40 and aβ42 , are not modified in either sex until @number@ months of age.
after that , however , there is an increase in amyloid levels in plasma among females and a decrease among males.
these findings could be essential to design gender-specific strategies in other in vivo experiments or even in ad treatments.
biomarkers enabling the preclinical identification of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) remain one of the major unmet challenges in the field.
the blood cellular fractions offer a viable alternative to current cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging modalities.
senescent endothelial cells ( ec ) have been identified in cardiovascular disease , in angiogenic tumour associated vessels and in aged individuals.
we have previously identified a novel anti-inflammatory senescent phenotype of ec.
we show here that caveolae are critical in the induction of this anti-inflammatory senescent state.
depletion of these proteins by rna interference decreased senescence induced by arhgap18 and by h₂o₂.
nf-κb is one of the major transcription factors mediating the induction of e-selectin and vcam-1 expression , adhesion molecules responsible for leucocyte attachment to ec.
tnfα-induced activation of nf-κb was suppressed in arhgap18-induced senescent ec , and this inhibition was reversed by caveolin-1 knock-down.
background : arterial calcification is an important pathological change of diabetic vascular complication.
osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) plays an important cytopathologic role in arterial calcification.
methods : calcifying vsmcs ( cvsmcs ) were isolated from cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells through limiting dilution and cloning.
the extent of matrix mineralization was measured by alizarin red s staining.
protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by western blot.
gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand ( rankl ) was silenced by small interference rna ( sirna ) .
rankl sirna also inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and calcification.
exenatide decreased the expression of rankl in a dose-dependent manner.
exenatide decreased p-nf-κb and increased p-ampkα levels in human cvsmcs @number@ h after treatment.
conclusion : glp-1ra exenatide can inhibit human vsmcs calcification through nf-κb / rankl signaling.
age-related anatomical changes to the surface of the pubic symphysis are well-documented in the literature.
however , aligning these morphological changes with chronological age has proven problematic , often resulting in biased age estimates.
statistical modeling provides an avenue for forensic anthropologists and bioarchaeologists to increase the accuracy of traditional aging methods.
we compared two approaches , rostock and forensic , coupled with a bayesian methodology , to address these issues.
transition analysis was run specific to each method ( which differ by sample selection ) .
these age ranges were generated from both approaches and are presented as reference tables useful for historic male and female italian samples.
the age ranges produced from each approach were tested on an historic italian sample , using cumulative binomial tests.
these two approaches performed similarly , with the forensic approach showing a slight advantage.
objectives : living alone in later life is an important risk factor of loneliness for elderly people unless they have resources to compensate for that.
the aim of this investigation was to identify these resources.
loneliness was measured by the short version of the ucla-loneliness-scale in a face-to-face interview.
multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations between loneliness and potential protecting resources.
physical or mental resources were not correlated with lower levels of loneliness.
these findings should be considered when supporting the elderly in successful aging.
another automatic segmentation method using a trimmed likelihood estimator ( tle ) was implemented for comparison with our proposed segmentation framework.
the performances of the three automatic segmentation methods were evaluated by comparing with the manual segmentation method.
moreover , the evd-based segmentation was demonstrated to be comparable to other state-of-the-art methods on a publicly available dataset.
objective : this study compared urban and rural factors associated with life satisfaction among older adults in mainland china.
results : in this study , @percent@ of urban older adults and @percent@ of rural older adults reported satisfaction with their lives.
this study also demonstrated the importance of age and family financial exchange to the life satisfaction of urban older adults.
visual perceptual learning ( vpl ) with younger subjects is associated with changes in functional activation of the early visual cortex.
although overall brain properties decline with age , it is unclear whether these declines are associated with visual perceptual learning.
here we use diffusion tensor imaging to test whether changes in white matter are involved in vpl for older adults.
after training on a texture discrimination task for three daily sessions , both older and younger subjects show performance improvements.
background : a consistent and low-to-moderate association between markers of oral infection and loss of cognitive function has been demonstrated in the literature.
however , such evidence comes from population studies carried out mainly in the usa.
in addition , we also test the association between loss of cognition ( exposure ) and tooth loss ( outcome ) .
participants ( n = @number@ ) were @number@ years of age and over , from a midsized southern brazilian city.
odds ratios ( or ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( 95%ci ) were estimated using multivariable logistic and partial ordinal logistic analyses.
results : edentate status was associated ( or @number@ 95%ci @number@.2-9.3 ) with severe cognitive impairment in the fully adjusted model.
moreover , there was an interaction between number of teeth and age on severe cognitive impairment.
a weak association between severe cognitive impairment ( exposure ) and tooth loss ( outcome ) was identified after the adjustment for potential covariates.
conclusions : this study lends support to hypothesized association between tooth loss and severe cognitive impairment.
older adults seem to be particularly vulnerable to such effects.
however , the bidirectional association between tooth loss and severe cognitive impairment cannot be ruled out.
in the previous @number@ years , a variety of experimental paradigms and methods have been employed to study inhibition.
erp studies with a focus on normal aging are specifically analyzed because they contribute to a deeper understanding of inhibition.
in the first @number@ ms , erp inhibition research has primarily focused on n1 and p1 as the erp components associated with inhibition.
the inhibitory processing in the second time window has been associated with the n2 and p3 erp components.
finally , in the third time window , inhibition has primarily been associated with the n400 and n450 erp components.
source localization studies are analyzed to examine the association between the inhibition processes that are indexed by the erp components and their functional brain areas.
this review characterizes inhibition as a set of processes rather than a unitary process.
trial registration : current controlled trials isrctn96090441.
registered @date@ .
to review the new role of an age-old micronutrient - ascorbic acid - in the management of periodontal disease.
balanced nutrition is an essential factor in the elderly.
micronutrient requirements as aging advances could change , and require due attention.
ascorbic acid and its relationship with periodontal disease are very well known.
oxidative stress with its associated burden might alter the disease process.
ascorbic acid plays an important role in the aging process , and in the maintenance of periodontal health in the elderly.
objectives : the proportion of people living with hiv / aids in the ageing population ( > 50 years old ) is increasing.
we aimed to explore the relationship between older age and treatment outcomes in hiv-positive persons from the asia pacific region.
we used survival methods to assess the association between older age and all-cause mortality , as well as time to treatment modification.
the effect of older age on cd4 count changes was insignificant ( p-trend = 0.06 ) .
the odds of detectable viral load after cart initiation decreased with age ( p-trend = < @number@ ) .
the effect of older age on time to first treatment modification was insignificant ( p-trend = 0.21 ) .
we found no statistically significant differences in outcomes between ahod and tahod participants for all endpoints examined.
conclusions : the associations between older age and typical patient outcomes in hiv-positive patients from the asia pacific region are similar in ahod and tahod.
our data indicate that ' age effects ' traverse the resource-rich and resource-limited divide and that future ageing-related findings might be applicable to each setting.
sporadic inclusion body myositis ( sibm ) is the most common acquired muscle disease in older individuals.
muscle weakness and atrophy in the quadriceps , wrist flexor , and finger flexors are the typical clinical findings in sibm.
the pathological characteristics of sibm include two unique features : inflammatory changes in muscle fibers , and cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions containing several alzheimer-type proteins.
unfortunately , sibm is also generally refractory to immune therapy.
in patients with ad , this plasticity is impaired such that a \ "seizures beget seizures \ " situation does not occur.
thus , patients with epilepsy in ad often respond well to medication.
computed tomography data were collected between ages @number@ and @number@
each scan was segmented using thresholding techniques.
landmarks on the atlas skull were transformed to each subject and partitioned into the inner and outer cranial vault and the cranial fossae.
a generalized procrustes analysis was completed for the landmark sets.
the coordinate locations describing the shape of each region were regressed with age to generate a model predicting the landmark location with age.
permutation testing was performed to assess significant changes with age.
for the males , all anatomic regions reveal significant changes in shape with age except for the posterior cranial fossa.
for the females , only the middle cranial fossa and anterior cranial fossa were found to change significantly in shape.
results of this study are important for understanding the adult skull and how shape changes may pertain to brain atrophy , aging , and injury.
introduction : the administration of stem cells holds promise as a potential therapy for spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
here we evaluated the feasibility , safety and potential efficacy of autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic complete sci.
baseline somatosensory evoked potentials ( ssep ) , spinal magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and urodynamics were assessed before and after treatment.
pain rating was performed using the mcgill pain questionnaire and a visual analogue score scale.
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry , cell differentiation assays and g-band karyotyping.
mesenchymal stem cells were injected directly into the lesion following laminectomy and durotomy.
results : cell transplantation was an overall safe and well-tolerated procedure.
all subjects displayed variable improvements in tactile sensitivity and eight subjects developed lower limbs motor functional gains , principally in the hip flexors.
seven subjects presented sacral sparing and improved american spinal injury association impairment scale ( ais ) grades to b or c - incomplete injury.
nine subjects had improvements in urologic function.
one subject presented changes in ssep @number@ and @number@ months after mesenchymal stem cells transplantation.
statistically significant correlations between the improvements in neurological function and both injury size and level were found.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01325103 - registered @date@ .
a normal signature comprising @number@ cpg loci was highly enriched on the x chromosome.
age-hypermethylated loci were enriched for guanine-and-cytosine-rich regions in cpg islands ( cgis ) , whereas age-hypomethylated loci were enriched for adenine-and-thymine-rich regions in non-cgis.
however , the cancer signature comprised only @number@ age-hypomethylated loci , none on the x chromosome , and with no overlap with the normal signature.
genes related to the normal signature were enriched for aging-related gene ontology terms including metabolic processes , immune system processes , and cell proliferation.
interestingly , the age-associated dnam increases or decreases of the normal signature were aberrantly accelerated in cancer samples.
conclusion : these tissue type-invariant dnam age signatures in normal and cancer can be used to address important questions in developmental biology and cancer research.
this polymorphism also seems to be associated with longer lifespan , but no information on telomere length ( tl ) is available.
methods and results : a total of @number@ subjects ( 55-80 years ) participating in the prevención con dieta mediterránea randomized trial were genotyped.
interestingly , ala carriers showed lower telomere shortening after @number@ years compared with the pro / pro genotype ( p = 0.031 ) .
moreover , a reduction in carbohydrate intake ( ≤9.5 g / d ) resulted in increased tl among ala carriers.
conclusions : the pro12ala polymorphism is associated with tl homeostasis after @number@ years follow-up in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
in addition , a higher adherence to the mediet pattern strengthens the prevention of telomere shortening among ala carriers.
clinical trial registration : www.controlled-trials.com ; unique identifier : isrctn35739639.
background : telomeres are repetitive , gene-poor regions that cap the ends of dna and help maintain chromosomal integrity.
their shortening is caused by inflammation and oxidative stress within the cellular environment and ultimately leads to cellular senescence.
methods and results : medline ( @number@ to present ) and embase ( @number@ to present ) were last searched on @date@ .
reference lists of retrieved citations were hand searched for relevant studies.
no restrictions were placed on sample size , language , or publication type or date.
data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed independently by @number@ reviewers using predefined criteria.
studies were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and both fixed and random effects models.
stratification by measurement technique , study design , study size , and ethnicity explained heterogeneity in certain cardiometabolic outcomes.
conclusions : shortened leukocyte telomere length demonstrates a significant association with stroke , myocardial infarction , and type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
larger , well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore sources of heterogeneity.
tumour-associated osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by renal phosphate wasting , leading to severe hypophosphataemia.
the other possible effects of that complex in humans are still under investigation.
we present a case of an 84-year-old belgian man , presenting prostate cancer with bone metastases.
from @date@ to @date@ , he presented three episodes of disease progression.
from @date@ , the patient developed a progressively marked dorsal kyphosis with significant hypophosphataemia.
the calculated trp ( tubular reabsorption of phosphate ) was decreased and the fgf23 increased.
mid- @date@ , the patient died after a profound unconsciousness due to hypoglycaemia with hypothermia.
design : this qualitative study employed purposive sampling.
six focus groups and two individual interviews were conducted.
each group discussion lasted approximately @number@ min and was guided by semistructured and open-ended questions.
setting : data were collected in two community health centres and one elderly retirement village in los angeles , california.
participants : @number@ chinese immigrants aged ≥45 years and diagnosed with type @number@ diabetes for at least @number@ year.
among the themes , three major categories emerged : cultural factors , structural barriers , and personal barriers.
conclusions : findings highlight the importance of cultural sensitivity when working with first-generation chinese immigrants with diabetes.
implications for health professionals , local community centres and other potential service providers are discussed.
although the function of mir-9 has been well characterized in neural progenitors , its role in dendritic and synaptic development remains largely unknown.
using this novel approach , we found that mir-9 controls dendritic growth and synaptic transmission in vivo.
furthermore , we demonstrate that mir-9-mediated downregulation of the transcriptional repressor rest is essential for proper dendritic growth.
beta-amyloid ( aβ ) deposition is one of the hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , it is also present in some cognitively normal elderly adults and may represent a preclinical disease state.
the extent to which aβ-related effects occur outside of the dmn and between networks remains unclear.
we found that within-network fc changes occurred in multiple networks , including the dmn.
changes of between-network fc were also apparent , suggesting that regions maintaining connections to multiple networks may be particularly susceptible to aβ-induced alterations.
cortical regions showing altered fc clustered in parietal and temporal cortex , areas known to be susceptible to ad pathology.
these results likely represent a mix of local network disruption , compensatory reorganization , and impaired control network function.
most human neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic , and appear later in life.
binding immunoglobulin protein ( bip ) is an er chaperone that is central to er function.
here we report that heterozygous mutant bip mice revealed motor disabilities in aging.
we found a degeneration of some motoneurons in the spinal cord accompanied by accumulations of ubiquitinated proteins.
here we argue that studies have overlooked evidence for variation in male reproductive ageing across human populations.
this article develops a new model for understanding the aging experience.
the article provides evidence of ways that consumers are trying to \ "time bend \ " and change today's perceived reality of aging.
high for age carotid-femoral pwv was identified in the reference normogram.
high for age pwv was found in @percent@ of patients.
conclusions : higher pwv is common in younger and middle-aged ischemic stroke patients and associated with a clustering of classical cardiovascular risk factors.
clinicaltrials.gov nct01597453.
introduction : since the introduction of fractional technology , various systems were launched to the market.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of svc technology , based on the principle of separate biological responses.
material and methods : fifty-two patients were treated for 3-6 sessions using fractional rf handpiece and eight patients received combination treatments with non-invasive rf handpiece.
results : all volunteers showed notable to significant improvement in the photoageing symptoms , without any significant complications or adverse events.
discussion : due to its wide spectrum of parameters , the svc technology can promote different biological responses.
the smart heat function reduces the necessary energy levels and thereby reduces the pain level and risks for side effects.
recent findings : fourteen studies were retained for the present review.
no randomized controlled trial was found.
overall , the main findings of the selected studies appeared to be mainly confirmatory of the previous evidence.
in longitudinal studies , physical frailty was found to predict the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia.
cross-sectional studies showed that frail individuals have lower cognitive performance compared with nonfrail persons.
interestingly , few studies examined the association between frailty and specific cognitive functions and domains , reporting a significant impairment of attention and executive functions.
finally , we found several studies including cognitive measures in the operational definitions of frailty.
summary : the present findings are suggestive of an almost complete lack of evidence on the addressed topic.
moreover , these studies may produce the first evidences about the novel concept of ' cognitive frailty ' and its potential for reversibility.
human activity , life span , and quality of life are enhanced by innovations in science and technology.
aging individual needs to take advantage of these developments to lead a self-regulated life.
however , maintaining a self-regulated life at old age involves a high degree of risk , and the elderly often fail at this goal.
an analysis and discussion are then provided to validate the feasibility of ci-device implementation for activity supervision in the elderly.
materials and methods : a literature search was conducted using pubmed from @number@ to @number@
we specifically looked for instruments which : assess men's health , frailty and fitness ; predict life expectancy , mortality and morbidities.
the instruments were assessed by the researchers who then agreed on the tools to be included in the mhi.
a pilot test on eight men was carried out and showed that the men's health index is viable.
objective : the characteristics of familial colorectal cancer type x are poorly defined.
here we aimed to clarify the differences in clinical features between suspected familial colorectal cancer type x and lynch syndrome in japanese patients.
methods : we performed germline mutation analyses of mismatch repair genes in @number@ patients.
the number of organs with lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type x than with lynch syndrome.
the cumulative incidence of extracolonic lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type x than with lynch syndrome.
the frequency of extracolonic lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type x than with lynch syndrome.
conclusion : a significant difference in extracolonic lynch syndrome-associated cancer was evident between suspected familial colorectal cancer type x and lynch syndrome.
although humans measure time using a continuous scale , certain numerical ages inspire greater self-reflection than others.
credit scores are the most widely used instruments to assess whether or not a person is a financial risk.
the pervasive application of credit scoring has outpaced knowledge about why credit scores are such useful indicators of individual behavior.
here we test if the same factors that lead to poor credit scores also lead to poor health.
we find that credit scores are negatively correlated with cardiovascular disease risk.
variation in household income was not sufficient to account for this association.
we discuss the implications of these findings for policy debates about data privacy , financial literacy , and early childhood interventions.
the most common eating pattern in modern societies , three meals plus snacks every day , is abnormal from an evolutionary perspective.
pancreatic islets secrete hormones that play a key role in regulating blood glucose levels ( glycemia ) .
age-dependent impairment of islet function and concomitant dysregulation of glycemia are major health threats in aged populations.
however , the major causes of the age-dependent decline of islet function are still disputed.
strategies to mitigate age-dependent dysregulation in glycemia should therefore target systemic and / or local inflammation and fibrosis of the aged islet vasculature.
in this review , the effect of esrd on the adaptive cellular immune system is discussed.
progressive loss of renal function causes a preferential loss of number and function of lymphoid cells.
latency for cytomegalovirus is associated with more profound changes and the expansion of a unique pro-inflammatory , cytotoxic subset of cd4-positive cd28null t cells.
epigenetically , modifications in hematopoietic stem cells may underlie uremia-associated immunological ageing , which is not reversed by kidney transplantation.
possible therapeutic options to reverse or halt uremia-associated immunological ageing are discussed.
stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
experimental and clinical studies showed that sex and age play an important role in deciding the outcome after stroke.
at younger ages , males were shown to have a higher risk for stroke than females.
however , this trend reverses in older ages particularly when females reach menopause.
many preclinical studies indicate that steroid hormones modulate the age-dependent differential stroke outcome.
in addition , patterns of cell death pathways activated following cerebral ischemia are distinct between males and females , but independent of steroid hormones.
recent studies also indicate that micrornas play important roles in mediating sex-specific stroke outcome by regulating stroke-related genes.
current understanding of the role of thrombolytic agents in stroke therapy is also discussed.
age-related variations in dna methylation have been reported ; however , the functional relevance of these differentially methylated sites ( age-dms ) are unclear.
age-ems tend to be hypomethylated with older age , located in predicted enhancers and preferentially linked to expression of antigen processing and presentation genes.
background : to influence dietary behaviors , more insight in food choice motivations is necessary.
motivations to eat healthily and characteristics were measured with a self-reported questionnaire.
we used logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios ( or ) and @percent@ ci for the association between subgroups and motivations to eat healthily.
future research should investigate the reasons behind the motives of low socio-economic position and obese older adults.
first , we showed that homozygous loss of mct4 dramatically sensitized cells to the mct1 inhibitor azd3965.
consequently , cells accumulated an intracellular pool of lactic and pyruvic acids , magnified by the mct1 inhibitor decreasing further phi and glycolysis.
as a result , we found that these glycolytic / mct-deficient cells resumed growth by redirecting their metabolism toward oxphos.
finally , xenograft analysis confirmed the deleterious tumor growth effect of mct1 / mct4 ablation , an action enhanced by phenformin treatment.
this genetic approach validates the anticancer potential of the mct1 and mct4 inhibitors in current development.
methods : a systematic search identified seven studies in new zealand that reported prevalence of h. pylori infection among @number@ participants.
the best estimates of national seroprevalence were obtained by geographic regional weighting and corrections for selection and measurement bias.
results : infection rates among all ethnic groups declined in more recent birth cohorts.
prevalence was highest among pacific peoples ( ranging from 39-83% ) followed by māori ( 18-57% ) and then european ( 7-35% ) .
the absolute ethnic differences in seroprevalence decreased in subsequent cohorts , but the relative ethnic differences increased.
conclusions : there is scope to much further reduce māori and especially pacific people's risk of h. pylori infection.
solutions to reduce h. pylori prevalence and its sequelae should focus on people at greatest risk of the infection.
further evaluation of strategies to address h. pylori infection is warranted.
interventions to be evaluated could include household crowding reduction and eradication therapy for asymptomatic infected persons to reduce their risk of noncardia stomach cancer.
despite displaying a differential distribution in gcb and abc , both mnks functionally complement each other to sustain cell survival.
mnk inhibition ablates eif4e1 phosphorylation and concurrently enhances eif4e3 expression.
loss of mnk protein itself downregulates total eif4e1 protein level by reducing eif4e1 mrna polysomal loading without affecting total mrna level or stability.
enhanced eif4e3 expression marginally suppresses eif4e1-driven translation but exhibits a unique translatome that unveils a novel role for eif4e3 in translation initiation.
we propose that mnks can modulate oncogenic translation by regulating eif4e1-eif4e3 levels and activity in dlbcl.
while global chromatin conformation studies are emerging , very little is known about the chromatin conformation of human telomeres.
most studies have focused on the role of telomeres as a tumor suppressor mechanism.
here we describe how telomere length regulates gene expression long before telomeres become short enough to produce a dna damage response ( senescence ) .
furthermore , expression array analysis reveals that many loci , including noncoding rnas , may be regulated by telomere length.
we term this process tpe-old for \ "telomere position effect over long distances. \ "
the primary purpose of telomeres is to protect chromosome ends from erosion during cell division cycles.
new observations suggest an additional function for telomeres , namely in gene silencing via formation of long-range chromatin interactions.
this study aims to identify the common risk factors for mortality in community-dwelling older men.
a prospective population-based study was conducted with a median of @number@ years of follow-up.
participants included @number@ men aged ≥70 years at baseline ( 2005-2007 ) living in the community in sydney , australia.
cox regression analyses were conducted to model predictors delete time until of mortality.
during follow-up , @number@ men ( @number@ % ) died.
we found that overweight and obesity and / or being a lifelong non-drinker of alcohol were protective against mortality.
we have identified common risk factors that predict mortality that may be useful in making clinical decisions among older people living in the community.
the presence of impaired thermoregulatory and fluid balance responses to exercise in older individuals is well established.
intestinal temperature ( t in ) and heart rate were recorded every @number@ km.
subjects reported fluid intake , while urine output was measured and sweat rate was calculated.
sodium levels and plasma volume changes were not different between sexagenarians and octogenarians ( all p > @number@ ) .
cyperus rotundus is used as an analgesic and sedative in oriental medicine and has been reported to exhibit antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.
on the other hand , the transient receptor potential vanilloid @number@ channel is a nonselective cation channel that senses various noxious chemical and thermal stimuli.
however , it has recently been reported that the epidermally expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid @number@ channel is involved in heat- and uv-induced skin aging.
the aim of this study was to evaluate whether c. rotundus extract and its constituents can inhibit this channel.
the results obtained provide insight of the potential therapeutic effects of c. rotundus in the contexts of analgesia and uv-induced photoaging.
factors associated with depression were analyzed by means of multivariate logistic regression.
conclusion : our results showed an association between stronger inner strength and being non-depressed.
this can be interpreted to mean that inner strength might have a protective effect against depression.
these findings are interesting from a health-promotion perspective , yet to verify these results , further longitudinal studies are required.
protein prenylation is a ubiquitous covalent post-translational modification found in all eukaryotic cells , comprising attachment of either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl isoprenoid.
it is essential for the proper cellular activity of numerous proteins , including ras family gtpases and heterotrimeric g-proteins.
inhibition of prenylation has been extensively investigated to suppress the activity of oncogenic ras proteins to achieve antitumor activity.
here , we review the biochemistry of the prenyltransferase enzymes and numerous isoprenoid analogs synthesized to investigate various aspects of prenylation and prenyltransferases.
finally , we discuss recent progress in utilizing protein prenylation for site-specific protein labeling for various biotechnology applications.
results : hispanics reported greater life satisfaction than non-hispanic whites ( p < @number@ ) .
among these factors , spiritual experiences , religious practices , and compassion were significantly associated with life satisfaction in the overall sample.
unlabelled : backgrounds / objectives : cathepsin d plays an important part in maintaining a normal skin barrier.
our previous study found that cathepsin d decreased in chronic photodamaged skin.
cathepsin d and transglutaminase ( tgase ) -1 in the skin sublayers were separated and detected via tape stripping , elisa and western blot.
tgase-1 enzyme expression was upregulated @number@ ± @number@ times in the matrix gel-treated skin.
conclusions : these data suggest that cathepsin d gel could increase the sc cathepsin d content and repair the epidermal barrier in chronic photodamaged skin.
the mechanism might be related to increasing tgase-1 expression and activity.
early identification of cognitive function and to prevent delirium are needed to improve functional status following orthopaedic surgery.
main causes of deaths were obtained from the national registry from @number@ up to @number@
overall and disease-specific mortalities were calculated through standardised mortality ratios ( smrs ) with its @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is significantly reduced ( smr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ , p = @number@ ) among rowers.
conclusions : french olympic rowers benefit of lower overall mortality compared with the french general population.
among rowers ' main causes of death , cardiovascular diseases are reduced in relation to their compatriots.
analytical studies with larger samples are needed to understand the reasons for such reductions.
background : there are concerns about the potential for unintentional harms when clinical practice guidelines are applied to patients with multimorbidity.
the objective was to summarize the evidence regarding the effect ( s ) of comorbidity on the outcomes of medication for an index chronic condition.
methods : a systematic review was conducted of studies published in medline and cochrane trials before @date@ .
the search yielded @number@ articles , of which @number@ passed the title / abstract screening process , and @number@ were included after full-text review.
an additional @number@ articles were identified by screening the reference lists for included articles.
information was extracted on study design ; population ; therapy ; comparison groups ; outcome ( s ) ; main findings.
findings : indexing of articles was inconsistent , with no term for \ "multimorbidity , \ " and rare use of \ "comorbidity \ ".
several demonstrated no difference or an increased risk of adverse outcome among persons with dm and tight control of htn as compared to usual control.
several demonstrated lack of benefit of statins among persons with end-stage renal disease.
conclusions : there is limited evidence regarding the effects of multiple comorbidities on treatment outcomes.
the majority of studies demonstrated no effect of a single comorbid condition on outcomes.
additional studies examining a broad range of comorbidity are required , along with clear and consistent indexing to allow for improved synthesis of the evidence.
background : many smartphone applications ( apps ) for weight loss are available , but little is known about their effectiveness.
objective : to evaluate the effect of introducing primary care patients to a free smartphone app for weight loss.
design : randomized , controlled trial.
( clinicaltrials.gov : nct01650337 ) .
setting : @number@ academic primary care clinics.
patients : @number@ primary care patients with body mass index of @number@ kg / m2 or greater.
most users reported high satisfaction with myfitnesspal , but logins decreased sharply after the first month.
limitations : despite being blinded to the name of the app , @number@ control group participants ( @percent@ ) used myfitnesspal.
in addition , @percent@ of intervention group participants and @percent@ of control group participants were lost to follow-up at @number@ months.
the app was given to patients by research assistants , not by physicians.
as predicted , those in the training condition showed selective improvement in inductive reasoning.
on average , then , both groups appeared to show ability-specific effects.
however , moderators of change differed somewhat for those in the engagement and training interventions.
collectively , these findings suggest that training and engagement models may offer alternative routes to cognitive resilience in late life.
relatively high vocabulary scores of older adults are generally interpreted as evidence that older adults possess more of a common ability than younger adults.
yet , this interpretation rests on empirical assumptions about the uniformity of item-response functions between groups.
contrary to the null hypothesis of measurement invariance , datasets for all three tests exhibit substantial differential responding.
yet , older adults score higher than younger adults , consistent with most reports of vocabulary outcomes in the cognitive aging literature.
objectives : mechanically ventilated critically ill patients receive significant amounts of sedatives and analgesics that increase their risk of developing coma and delirium.
we evaluated the impact of a \ "wake-up and breathe protocol \ " at our local icu on sedation and delirium.
design : a pre / post implementation study design.
setting : a 22-bed mixed surgical and medical icu.
patients : seven hundred two consecutive mechanically ventilated icu patients from @date@ to @date@ .
interventions : implementation of daily paired spontaneous awakening trials ( daily sedation vacation plus spontaneous breathing trials ) as a quality improvement project.
foot pain is highly prevalent in older people and has a significant detrimental impact on mobility and quality of life.
these changes may contribute to the development of foot pain , impair performance in functional weight-bearing activities and increase the risk of falls.
the prevention of infectious diseases affecting the elderly can be successful only through a holistic approach.
the aging immune system is unable to optimally respond to pathogens and generate long-term immunological memory against encountered antigens.
amongst the immune components most affected by aging are t lymphocytes.
when activated , t cells undergo a metabolic switch to accommodate their changing needs at every stage of the immune response.
female astronauts are more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance after space flight ; the visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome predominates slightly in males.
currently , @percent@ of astronauts are women , and the recently selected astronaut recruits are @percent@ women.
thus there should be expectation that future research will reflect the composition of the overall population to determine potential benefits or risks.
this should apply both to clinical studies and to basic science research.
participants and their informants also completed a questionnaire assessing everyday pm failures.
relative to hc , those with amci and namci were significantly impaired in focal pm accuracy ( p < .05 ) .
there was a significant negative correlation between informant reports of pm difficulties and nonfocal pm accuracy ( p < .01 ) .
direct costs included frequencies of primary and secondary sector contacts and procedures , and medication.
indirect costs included the effect on labor supply.
social-transfer payments were included to illustrate the effect on national accounts.
all cost data were extracted from national databases.
results : @number@ unspecified polyneuropathy patients were registered.
they were compared with @number@ matched controls identified from the national danish patient registry.
in addition , partners of patients in the case group were matched with partners in the corresponding control group.
almost half of the patients in the patient group had a partner.
patients had significantly higher rates of health-related contacts , medication use and greater socioeconomic costs than controls.
they had very marginally lower employment rates , and those who were employed generally had lower incomes.
social-transfer payments were all significantly larger in patients than in control subjects.
the health effects were present in all age groups and in both genders.
conclusions : patients with a diagnosis of polyneuropathy experience increased mortality , morbidity and socioeconomic consequences.
background : smart home technologies provide a valuable resource to unobtrusively monitor health and wellness within an older adult population.
we developed visualizations of smart home health data integrated into a framework of wellness.
we evaluated the visualizations through focus groups with older adults and identified recommendations to guide the future development of visualizations.
materials and methods : we conducted four focus groups with older adult participants ( n = 31 ) at an independent retirement community.
participants were presented with three different visualizations from a wellness pilot study.
a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted to identify thematic content.
in addition , the focus groups highlighted key design considerations of visualizations important towards supporting decision-making and evaluation assessments within integrated health displays.
conclusions : participants found inherent value in having visualizations available to proactively engage with their healthcare provider.
integrating the visualizations into a wellness framework helped reduce the complexity of raw smart home data.
there has been limited work on health visualizations from a consumer perspective , in particular for an older adult population.
creating appropriately designed visualizations is valuable towards promoting consumer involvement within the shared decision-making process of care.
redox homeostasis is an important host factor determining the outcome of infectious disease.
enterovirus @number@ ( ev71 ) infection has become an important endemic disease in southeast asia and china.
we have previously shown that oxidative stress promotes viral replication , and progeny virus induces oxidative stress in host cells.
the detailed mechanism for reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generation in infected cells remains elusive.
in the current study , we demonstrate that mitochondria were a major ros source in ev71-infected cells.
respiratory control ratio of mitochondria from infected cells was significantly lower than that of normal cells.
the total adenine nucleotide pool and atp content of ev71-infected cells significantly diminished.
however , there appeared to be a compensatory increase in mitochondrial mass.
treatment with mito-tempo reduced eif2α phosphorylation and viral replication , suggesting that mitochondrial ros act to promote viral replication.
importance : prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is an important public health priority in japan due to an aging population.
objective : to determine whether daily , low-dose aspirin reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events in older japanese patients with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors.
design , setting , and participants : the japanese primary prevention project ( jppp ) was a multicenter , open-label , randomized , parallel-group trial.
a multidisciplinary expert panel ( blinded to treatment assignments ) adjudicated study outcomes.
interventions : patients were randomized 1 : 1 to enteric-coated aspirin @number@ mg / d or no aspirin in addition to ongoing medications.
secondary outcomes included individual end points.
in both the aspirin and no aspirin groups , @number@ fatal events occurred.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00225849.
objectives : health care system fragmentation is a pervasive problem.
research has not delineated concrete behavioral strategies to guide providers to communicate with personnel in other organizations to coordinate care.
our objective was to pilot test a communication protocol ( 'bridge - bringing inter-disciplinary guidelines to elders' ) in conjunction with dcm.
method : in an open pilot trial ( n = @number@ ) , home-based providers delivered dcm to participants.
home-based providers documented visits with participants , contacts to and responses from primary care personnel.
results : over @number@ months , home-based providers made @number@ telephone calls and sent @number@ faxes to other personnel , on average per participant.
participants ' depressive symptoms and disability improved significantly at both post-tests with large effect sizes ( d ranged @number@.73-2.3 ) .
participants were satisfied.
larger scale research is needed to confirm findings and potentially extend bridge to other client problems , professions , and service sectors.
objective : patient activation questions from a major national medicare survey are used to highlight characteristics of medicare beneficiaries with low activation.
data source : data are from the @number@ mcbs access to care file and include @number@ beneficiaries.
methods : patient activation levels were derived by taking the weighted average responses to the patient activation supplement.
cut points for high , moderate , and low activation were assigned at + / - ½ standard deviation of the mean.
data were analyzed using sas survey procedures.
within group comparisons were tested using chi-square tests with post hoc pairwise comparisons.
logistic regression identified predictors of low patient engagement.
utilization and costs were also examined in descriptive analyses.
discussion : overall , findings on the characteristics of low activation patients in the medicare population resemble previous research.
in a regression analysis , less education and no usual source of care are the strongest predictors of low activation levels in medicare beneficiaries.
cordycepin is widely used as for its various pharmacological activities , such as anti-inflammation , anti-angiogenesis , anti-aging , anti-tumor and anti-proliferation.
however , the precise role of cordycepin on chondrocytes is not clear.
gag content in the cartilage explants was measured by using the dimethylmethylene blue method and safranin o staining.
nitric oxide level was determined by griess reaction.
we found that cordycepin suppressed il-1β-stimulated gag release.
in addition , cordycepin inhibited il-1β-induced cox-2 and inos expression at the transcript level as well as blocked no production.
our results suggest that cordycepin may possess chondroprotective effect by preventing cartilage denegation and interfering inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of oa.
study design / materials and methods : one fractional co2 laser procedure was performed on the full face in @number@ patients with photoaging.
statistical analysis was performed by the wilcoxon's method.
results : thirty of the treated patients have had follow-up for @number@ years at this time.
adverse events seen during this analysis were found to be minimal and not of clinical significance.
changes in nutrient supply require global metabolic reprogramming to optimize the utilization of the nutrients.
mitochondria as a central component of the cellular metabolism play a key role in this adaptive process.
since mitochondria harbor their own genome , which encodes essential enzymes , mitochondrial protein synthesis is a determinant of metabolic adaptation.
methods : secondary data analyses were conducted on medical record data from @number@ women who were @number@ years or older and who completed urodynamic testing.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) medical records met the study criteria.
a pvr of @number@ ml or greater during the pressure-flow study was considered elevated for this study.
these findings indicate that many women may habitually strain to void as well as strain due to inadequate detrusor function.
however , it is not clear if the normal sensibility of the hand is also age-dependent , as the existing studies have major limitations.
we evaluated the normal sensibility of the hand in @number@ patients using static and moving two-point discrimination ( 2pd ) tests and the test.
we found the climax of sensibility in the third decade with age-dependent deterioration afterwards in all three tests.
immune dysfunctions in the elderly result in increased susceptibility to infectious diseases , cancer , and autoimmune diseases.
natural killer ( nk ) cells are bone marrow-derived lymphocytes crucial for host defense against several infections and cancer.
aging also alters the expression of collagen-binding integrins in conventional nk cells and the frequency and phenotype of liver tissue-resident nk cells.
we additionally show that the defect in nk maturation is the consequence of deficient maturational cues provided by bone marrow stromal cells.
the use of rodent model to understand immunosenescence may help the development of treatments to improve the immune fitness of the aged.
our work with nk cells should contribute toward this goal.
cellular senescence is a process that results from a variety of stresses , leading to a state of irreversible growth arrest.
senescent cells accumulate during aging and have been implicated in promoting a variety of age-related diseases.
mitochondrial stress is an effective inducer of cellular senescence , but the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate permanent cell growth arrest are largely unexplored.
here , we review some of the mitochondrial signaling pathways that participate in establishing cellular senescence.
we emphasize that multiple mitochondrial signaling pathways , besides mitochondrial ros , can induce cellular senescence.
sporadic inclusion body myositis ( ibm ) is an acquired muscle disorder associated with ageing , for which there is no effective treatment.
the effect of exercise in ibm continues to be investigated.
however , despite these ongoing developments , the aetiopathogenesis of ibm remains uncertain.
a translational and multidisciplinary collaborative approach is critical to improve the diagnosis , treatment , and care of patients with ibm.
consequently , mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of aging and the pathophysiology of many common diseases and off-target drug effects.
this provides an impetus for the development of mitochondrial pharmacology , and some promising therapeutic targets for mitochondrial protective therapy have been identified.
botulinum toxin injections have become the most frequent noninvasive cosmetic procedure carried out worldwide.
botulinum toxin has also multiple other indications in different medical fields.
however , with the repetition of injections , a new concern has emerged : clinical resistance and loss of effectiveness of the treatment.
factors leading to primary or secondary resistance to bt injections were numerous.
in the majority of the studies , development of neutralizing antibodies to botulinum toxin was considered responsible of the induced clinical resistance.
further studies related to botulinum toxin resistance are needed.
this publication discusses the safety profile of mfu-v based on data from a variety of sources.
events that were typical included tenderness , redness , and slight edema.
rare events included bruising , welting , and nerve-related effects ( paresthesia and paresis ) .
rare incidence of surface thermal effects was seen in some cases where improper technique was used.
in general , unexpected and rare aes could be attributed to incorrect treatment technique or classified as unrelated to mfu-v treatment.
side effects that do occur are generally mild and transient in nature.
mfu-v consistently allows for safe treatment when correct treatment technique is used.
facial skin laxity is a bothersome sign of aging.
in the past , the only option for treating laxity was surgery.
while surgical lifting remains the gold standard , there has been a growing demand among patients for less invasive techniques.
patients are increasingly seeking procedures with little to no downtime , lower risk profiles , and a more natural appearance.
the industry has responded to these demands with an emergence of noninvasive skin tightening devices.
the rate of development and marketing of these devices has increased exponentially within the last decade.
whereas we previously had no options , now we are faced with many choices.
how do we choose which technology is best for our patients ?
while there is a paucity of comparative trials to date , a critical exploration of these technologies is worthwhile.
in this article , we outline the different technologies and highlight the differences to help guide us in selecting the right treatment.
aims : an open-label prospective study was carried out to evaluate this ha filler's performance in correcting facial defects due to volume loss.
secondary endpoints were safety evaluation , performance duration , product handling , subjects ' and investigator's treatment evaluation.
assessment of aesthetic results included the skin hydration , image analysis of nasolabial folds ( 3d ) , and photographic documentation.
results : the reduction in nasolabial wrinkles was statistically significant at @number@ months after the first implant.
good results were obtained during the study in skin hydration.
there were no severe adverse events related to treatment.
methods : two patient groups participated in face-to-face qualitative interviews.
each interview consisted of a concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing phase.
most group @number@ patients ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) agreed that the instrument adequately assessed the psychological impacts associated with cfl.
during cognitive debriefing , the majority of patients in both groups agreed the instrument was understandable , comprehensive , and easy to complete.
the blunt cannula may provide more comfortable and lower risk delivery of caha for nasolabial folds ( nlf ) correction.
objective : this 30-day pilot study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of standard needles with that of blunt cannulas for caha application.
at day @number@ patients evaluated pain ; the treating investigator evaluated changes in nlf depth.
at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days , the investigator evaluated aes and nlf correction.
patients recorded aes in daily dairies.
results : after initial treatment , patients experienced greater pain and displayed increased erythema and swelling in the needle-treated side.
at days @number@ and @number@ patients displayed greater instances of bruising , redness , and swelling in the needle-treated sides.
at day @number@ @number@ patients showed slightly better correction in the cannula-treated sides.
conclusions : the blunt cannula provided advantages in mitigation of pain and aes , with a degree of correction similar to needle.
the addition of blunt cannulas to the clinical setting may be appropriate.
background : human skin aging is a multifactorial and complex biological process affecting the different skin constituents.
objectives : this study investigated the cosmetic filling efficacy of fillerina® in decreasing the skin aging signs and in improving facial volume deficiencies.
conclusion : this study demonstrated the positive filling effect of fillerina® in decreasing the clinical signs of skin aging and in improving the face volumes.
background : the nail unit is an important part of cosmetic appearance of an individual.
older people are at an increased risk of nail alterations , including normal age-related changes and disorders that more commonly affect this specific population.
objectives : to identify and evaluate the age-related nail changes and disorders in egyptian elderly people both clinically and histopathologically.
meanwhile , the other half served as a control group with younger ages.
full history taking , general and local examinations as well as nail biopsies were performed from selected cases with age-related nail changes and disorders.
they showed highly significant increase ( p < @number@ ) when compared with control group.
conclusions : the prevalence of nail changes and disorders has increased among elderly patients although they are frequently overlooked by health care providers.
dermatologist should be aware about various nail changes related to aging and those associated with other dermatoses or systemic diseases.
histopathologic picture can enhance the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of various nail changes and disorders.
chromosome translocations are especially frequent in human lymphomas and leukemias but are insufficient to drive carcinogenesis.
moreover , fidelity of this pathway has been shown to decline with age.
although the mechanism underlying this inefficacy is unknown , other repair pathways are inactivated by methylation with aging.
in this study , we analyzed the implication of nhej genes methylation in the increase of translocations with the age.
we found higher frequency of bcl2-jh and bcr-abl ( major ) translocations with aging.
in addition , we detected that two nhej genes ( lig4 and xrcc6 ) presented age-dependent promoter methylation changes.
importantly , there have been publications showing increased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in aged mice and humans.
there is no available method of age-prediction for biological samples.
the accumulating evidences indicate that dna methylation patterns change with age.
aging resembles a developmentally regulated process that is tightly controlled by specific epigenetic modifications and age-associated methylation changes exist in human genome.
in this study , three age-related methylation fragments were isolated and identified in blood of @number@ donors.
methylation of these fragments is linearly correlated with age over a range of six decades ( r = @number@.80-0.88 ) .
this study implicates that dna methylation can be an available biological marker of age-prediction.
further measurement of relevant markers in the genome could be a tool in routine screening to predict age of forensic biological samples.
aim : nz needs a surgical workforce with the capacity to meet the increasing health demands of an aging population.
this study determined longitudinal patterns of medical student interest in a surgical career and factors influencing that choice.
method : we studied medical students entering the auckland medical programme from 2006-2008 who completed an entry and exit questionnaire on career intentions.
four notional groups were created , depending on the level of interest at entry and at exit.
demographic factors for each category were compared.
analysis of influencing factors was also undertaken.
results : of @number@ students , @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed both an entry and exit questionnaire.
over @percent@ of students had a strong interest in a surgical career at entry , dropping to @percent@ at exit.
less interest in a surgical career was seen among female ( p = 0.001 ) and older students ( p = 0.017 ) .
yet the level appears sufficient for available training places.
consultant role models are an important career influence.
lack of flexibility in work and training programmes continue to provide challenges in creating a diverse surgical workforce.
this essay replies to critics since @number@ of my \ "biostatistical theory \ " ( bst ) of health.
according to the bst , a pathological condition is a state of statistically species-subnormal biological part-functional ability , relative to sex and age.
theoretical health , the total absence of pathological conditions , is then a value-free scientific notion.
recent critics offer a mixture of old and new objections to this analysis.
the role of dietary energy density ( ed ) in the regulation of energy intake ( ei ) is controversial.
methodologically , there is also debate about whether beverages should be included in dietary ed calculations.
to address these issues , studies examining the effects of ed on ei or body weight in nonelderly adults were reviewed.
different approaches to calculating dietary ed do not appear to alter the direction of reported relations between ed and body weight.
bioactive food components have shown potential health benefits for more than a decade.
currently there are no recommended levels of intake [ i.e. , dietary reference intakes ( dris ) ] as there are for nutrients and fiber.
they were later expanded to include criteria for reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases for some nutrients.
there are many challenges for establishing recommendations for intakes of nonessential food components.
although some nonessential food components have shown health benefits and are safe , validated biomarkers of disease risk reduction are lacking for many.
various intermediary markers that may predict disease outcome have been used as functional criteria in the dri process.
however , few validated surrogate endpoints of chronic disease risk exist.
nonvalidated intermediary biomarkers of risk may possibly predict clinical outcomes , but more research is needed to confirm the associations between cause and effect.
multiple biomarkers of outcomes that demonstrate the same health benefit may also be helpful.
what is the central question of this study ?
does the capacity to modulate afferent input to spinal motor neurons during steady submaximal contractions change with advancing age ?
what is the main finding and its importance ?
middle-aged and old adults both found the task challenging , and force steadiness even worsened for old adults after practising the co-contraction task.
despite similar muscle strength for young and middle-aged adults , the capacity to modulate a spinal reflex pathway was reduced in middle-aged adults.
there were no differences in steadiness between groups during an initial co-contraction trial ( p = @number@ ) .
conversely , neither of the other two groups exhibited any change in d1 inhibition after practising the co-contraction task.
methods : data from the b-proof ( b-vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures ) study were used , concerning community-dwelling elderly aged ≥65 years.
we included @number@ participants with pharmacy dispensing records.
during the 2- to 3-year follow-up , participants recorded falls using a fall calendar.
cox proportional hazard models were applied , adjusting for potential confounders including age , sex , health status variables and concomitant medication use.
results : during follow-up , @number@ participants experienced at least one fall.
use of other cardiovascular and psychotropic medication was not associated with fall risk.
clinicians should prescribe these drugs cautiously and if possible choose safer alternatives for older patients.
voiding difficulties are more common in the elderly.
symptoms are often similar to those of overactive bladder and the history in older women should include those of hesitancy and poor flow.
likewise , the diagnosis should be considered in women presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections.
a failure to consider voiding difficulties can precipitate a crisis and simple strategies such as teaching self-catheterization and using estrogen cream may prevent problems occurring.
when acute problems occur , catheterization is required and a review of precipitating factors may identify medications contributing to the condition.
the mainstay for treatment , however , remains draining with an indwelling catheter or clean intermittent clean catheterisation.
almost half of all children with autism spectrum disorder have average cognitive abilities , yet outcome remains poor.
because outcome in hfasd is more related to adaptive behavior skills than cognitive level it is important to identify predictors of adaptive behavior.
there was a negative relationship between age and adaptive behavior and the discrepancy between iq and adaptive behavior increased with age.
ef problems contributed to lower adaptive behavior scores across domains.
as such , it is important to target adaptive skills , and the ef problems that may contribute to them , in youth with hfasd.
degenerative alterations of the spine occur in an individual-specific manner with increasing age.
the spinal cord is well-protected within the spinal canal but can be impaired by degenerative alterations of the intervertebral discs and functional spinal segments.
depositions or narrowing of nerve structures can cause lasting pain or focal neurological deficits , such as paralysis or sensitivity disorders.
however , low back pain is much more common and occurs in approximately @number@ % of people sometime during their lifetime.
this is important because therapy decisions are often made as a direct result of mri.
background : secondhand smoke ( shs ) likely provides additional exposure to nicotine and toxins for smokers , but has been understudied.
our objective was to determine whether shs exposure among smokers yields detectable differences in cotinine levels compared with unexposed smokers at the population level.
a weighted multivariable linear regression model determined the association between shs exposure and cotinine levels among smokers.
smokers with shs exposure at work ( @percent@ ) did not have significantly higher cotinine levels after adjustment.
future research should target the role that shs exposure may have in nicotine dependence , cessation outcomes and other health impacts among smokers.
aging is associated with impaired upper limb proprioceptive acuity , as reflected by decreased position matching accuracy with increasing task complexity and movement extent.
most studies have primarily used single-joint or planar paradigms to examine age-related changes in proprioception.
it is unclear whether these changes can be generalized to more complex multi-joint movements , where additional sensory feedback may affect performance.
the accuracy with which young and older participants reproduced remembered reference hand positions was assessed under different experimental conditions.
participants matched target locations located directly to the front or 45° to the side relative to the midline using the preferred and non-preferred arms.
no differences in matching accuracy were found between young and older participants when matching ipsilaterally.
in contrast to previous studies , accuracy did not differ between the preferred and non-preferred arms in either group.
these results extend previous findings demonstrating age-related impairments in proprioceptively guided arm movements when interhemispheric transfer is required.
the signs and symptoms of testosterone decline may occur gradually , and low testosterone levels may be misdiagnosed as other medical conditions.
over the past two decades , there has been an increase in testing of testosterone levels and the use of tst.
this article provides a brief overview of testosterone deficiency , tst treatment options and guidelines , and the risks and benefits associated with of tst.
this study explores the educational disparities in a wide range of health outcomes among the oldest old in sweden between @number@ and @number@
the development of educational disparities in health was tracked across the three waves.
despite these changes , educational disparities in health remained largely unaffected.
conclusions : the results of the study suggest that the association between education and health is remarkably robust.
low-cost gaming technology offers promising devices for the rehabilitation of stroke patients at home.
two groups of younger subjects used a high-end ( omega.3 ) and a low-cost ( falcon ) device respectively.
a third group of older subjects used the falcon.
we show that light touch contact with the device improves stability , whereas the force tasks decrease it.
the effects of the different tasks are consistent in the two age groups.
although there are differences in the participants ' interaction with the two devices , the effect of the devices on postural stability is comparable.
we used an overt gaze following task to explore age differences in overt gaze following whilst people searched for a target.
there were , however , age effects relating to involuntary eye movements.
moreover , in the younger adults , saccades that followed the gaze were initiated more rapidly , illustrating the reflexive nature of gaze following.
no such difference was observed in the older adults.
the results revealed that relicensing policies instituted by states yield inconsistent results in terms of reducing traffic crashes , traffic violations , and traffic-related fatalities.
in addition , community contexts that are supportive of pedestrian travel significantly increase this mode of mobility.
this systematic review synthesizes the research on screening and assessment tools used to determine older adults ' fitness to drive.
after a comprehensive search of the literature targeting tools commonly used by occupational therapists , @number@ studies were reviewed and synthesized.
although some tools have stronger evidence than others , this review supports using different and focused assessment tools together for specific medical conditions.
the studies demonstrated low to moderate positive effects for interventions used by occupational therapy practitioners to improve older driver performance.
systematic reviews of literature relevant to driving and community mobility for older adults are important to the practice of occupational therapy.
since the previous review on this topic in @number@ the cohort of @number@ million baby boomers began turning @number@ in @date@ .
subsamples of @number@ older adults from the medical expenditure panel survey were selected for analyses.
the results showed that chronic illnesses influenced out-of-pocket health care costs.
older persons with more than one health insurance spent less on out-of-pocket health care costs.
scalar invariance testing identified the buschke cued recall test and block design as measures with invariant factor loadings but noninvariant intercepts.
analyses were replicated in age- and sex-matched subsamples.
conclusions : metric and scalar invariance across he and le samples was achieved for seven of the @number@ tests in the csha battery.
we examined if unitization inherent preexperimentally could reduce the associative deficit in older adults.
these results suggest that cw compared to ncw word pairs provide schematic support that older adults can use to improve their memory.
in experiment @number@ reducing study time in younger adults decreased associative recognition performance , but did not produce a discrimination advantage for cw pairs.
unitization of preexperimental associations , as in cw pairs , can alleviate age-related associative deficits.
participants and methods : a total of @number@ healthy , active adults aged 66±5 years completed the randomized controlled trial.
balance , functional task performance , fear of falling , and self-reported quality of life were assessed at baseline and after @number@ weeks.
there were no significant effects on fear of falling or self-reported quality of life.
conclusion : twelve weeks of bodybalance training is effective at improving certain balance and functional based tasks in healthy older adults.
materials and methods : medline via pubmed and embase was systematically searched using prespecified terms.
results : of the @number@ publications retrieved , @number@ publications ( seven randomized controlled trials , eight observational studies ) were included for review.
conclusion : findings support raloxifene for reducing vertebral fracture risk by improving bmd and reducing bone turnover in postmenopausal japanese women with osteoporosis or osteopenia.
careful consideration of fracture risk and the risk-benefit profile of antiosteoporosis medications is required when managing patients with osteoporosis.
background : assessing the clinical effectiveness of measuring grip strength as a prognostic tool in recovering ambulation in bed-confined frail elderly patients.
methods : a prospective study was carried out with @number@ elderly inpatients ( mean age : @number@ years old ) .
manual muscle test was used for checking strength of hip flexor muscles , hip abductor muscles and knee extensor muscles.
grip strength was assessed by hydraulic dynamometer.
walking ability was assessed by functional ambulation categories and functional classification of sagunto hospital ambulation.
existence of cognitive impairment ( short portable mental status of pfeiffer ) and comorbidity ( abbreviated charlson index ) were considered to be confounding variables.
statistical analysis : simple comparisons and mixed models of multiple ordinal regression.
results : the sample presented generalized weakness in scapular ( mean @number@ ) and pelvic ( mean @number@ ) muscle.
mean hand grip values were similar : @number@ kg right hand ; @number@ kg left hand.
the patients had lost walking ability.
the confounding variables showed no statistical significance in the results.
conclusion : grip strength is associated with walking ability in hospitalized frail elderly.
grip strength assessment by hydraulic dynamometry is useful in patients with poor collaboration.
walking ability training in frail elderly inpatients is useful.
background : mobility is a main issue for health-related quality of life in old age.
research on low-threshold pa interventions for users of residential aged care and documentation of their sustainability are scarce.
an initial study ( @date@ to @date@ ) had found intervention effects on health-related quality of life.
methods : data collection took place in three residential aged care homes in vienna , austria.
at 1-year follow-up ( @date@ ) , participants from the intervention group were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire.
in comparison with baseline , a significant decline of reported pain / discomfort ( p = 0.047 ) was found.
regarding the subdimensions of health-related quality of life , favorable trends could be observed.
conclusion : the study indicates that effects of a low-threshold pa intervention on health-related quality of life in residential aged care can be sustainable.
monocular fields were combined into a binocular field based on the more sensitive point from each eye.
severe impairment in the overall field or a region was defined as average sensitivity in the lowest quartile of sensitivity.
at-fault collision involvement for @number@ years prior to enrollment was obtained from state records.
poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted rate ratios ( rrs ) examining the association between field impairment and at-fault collision involvement.
this study examines the association of work and health-related characteristics with the intention to continue working after the age of @number@ years.
lower education , more adverse psychosocial working conditions and any physical disorder were negatively associated with this intention.
mental disorders were not associated.
these findings highlight the importance of favourable working conditions and good physical health in relation to employees ' intention to continue working after @number@ years.
objective : to examine the effects of pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking on child neuropsychological functioning.
design : prospective follow-up study.
setting and population : @number@ women and their children sampled from the danish national birth cohort.
methods : participants were sampled based on maternal alcohol consumption before pregnancy.
the behaviour rating inventory of executive function ( brief ) was completed by the mothers and a preschool teacher.
main outcome measures : performance on the wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised , the teach-5 , the mabc , and the brief.
conclusions : intake of ≥22 drinks / week before pregnancy was associated with lower mean full scale iq , overall attention and sustained attention.
assessment of pre-pregnancy drinking provides additional information regarding potential prenatal alcohol exposure and its implications for child neurodevelopment.
the relationships between rt performance and executive functions were examined with structural equation modeling ( sem ) .
results : isd , mu , and tau , but not sigma , increased with age.
sem revealed tau as the most salient rt index associated with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning.
further analysis demonstrated that correlations between tau and a weighted executive function composite were significant only in the old-old group.
these results support literature identifying tau as a marker of cognitive control , which deteriorates in old age.
background : aging results in a decline in the function of the respiratory muscles.
inspiratory muscle training is emerging as a possible intervention to attenuate the decline of respiratory muscles in the elderly.
over an 8-week period a moderate intensity inspiratory muscle training protocol was followed in the tg , while cg followed a sham protocol.
in addition maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressure , mobility of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic thickness were evaluated by ultrasound.
vitamin d deficiency seems to be implicated in the onset and progression of some autoimmune disorders.
no previous study has investigated vitamin d homeostasis in post-partum thyroiditis.
in the second part of the study , groups a and c were treated for @number@ months with l-thyroxine.
serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d were lower , while pth higher in patients with post-partum thyroiditis than in patients without thyroid autoimmunity.
the results of our study suggest the association of vitamin d status with post-partum thyroiditis and l-thyroxine treatment of this disorder.
to investigate whether aging affects surgical outcomes by comparing the results of two patient groups undergoing pnl : those over @number@ and those under @number@
a retrospective screen was made for patients undergoing conventional pnl surgery for renal stones performed in two separate centers between @number@ and @number@
@number@ patients included were classified into age groups : patients aged 18-59 comprised group-1 and those aged over @number@ comprised group-2.
mean stone size was similar in groups ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ mm , p = @number@ ) .
the mean asa value for the patients in group-1 was @number@ significantly lower than that in the other groups ( p = @number@ ) .
the level of accompanying comorbidities in group-1 was significantly lower than that of the other groups ( p = @number@ ) .
the duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the patients in group-1 compared to those in group-2 ( p = @number@ ) .
in experienced hands , pnl can be safely and reliably performed in the treatment of renal stones in elderly patients.
cerebellar morphology and function have been implicated in a variety of developmental disorders , and in healthy aging.
middle age in particular has been largely understudied , and investigating this period of the lifespan may be especially important for our understanding of senescence.
our results indicated that regional cerebellar volumes show different patterns with respect to age.
in addition , we quantified the relationships between age and a variety of cognitive assessments and found relationships between regional cerebellar volumes and performance.
finally , exploratory analyses of sex differences in the relationships between regional cerebellar volume , age , and cognition were investigated.
malagasy prediction equations do not exist.
the objectives of this study were to establish prediction equations for healthy malagasy adults , and then compare malagasy measurements with published prediction equations.
we enrolled @number@ healthy malagasy subjects aged 18-73 years ( @number@ males ) from @date@ to @date@ .
the subjects attempted to meet the ats / ers @number@ guidelines when performing forced expiratory spirograms.
ecsc-predicted fev1 , fvc and fev1 / fvc were poorly matched to malagasy measurements.
lifespan , longevity and healthy aging are complex phenotypes , and unravelling of the genetic background has been challeng-ing.
excess of advantageous gene variants seems to be of more importance for longevity than absence of known disease-sus-ceptibility genes.
animal studies have pointed to candidate path ways related to ageing , but only a few genes have repeatedly been associated to human lifespan.
population aging is likely to lead to an increase in the number of people in need of assistance.
conversely , among never-married or widowed older adults , being childless was associated with reduced domestic support but without differences in other support domains.
findings suggest that marital and parental status intersections are not uniformly positive , neutral , or negative regarding implications for extra-household social support.
future work should address complexities of these relationships in order to better understand rapidly changing family structures.
deregulated expression of glycolytic enzymes contributes not only to the increased energy demands of transformed cells but also has non-glycolytic roles in tumors.
however , the contribution of these non-glycolytic functions in tumor progression remains poorly defined.
consistent with this , inactive mutants of gapdh failed to bind traf2 , enhance hif-1 activity or promote lymphomagenesis.
collectively , these data indicate that deregulated gapdh expression promotes nf-κb-dependent induction of hif-1α and has a key role in lymphoma vascularization and aggressiveness.
key messages : smp30-deficient mice induced a shorter lifespan and redox changes.
overexpression of smp30 prevented oxidative stress insults.
the depletion of smp30 increased redox-related ptk / ptp imbalance and pp1 / pp2a inactivation.
the depletion of smp30 caused an elevation of nf-κb-responsive inflammatory markers.
smp30 may be a potent inhibitory protein against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
structures of the medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) are known to be involved in declarative memory processes.
additionally , we used diffusion tensor imaging to measure white matter integrity for both groups.
finally , we used functional mri to acquire resting functional connectivity measures for both groups.
we show that , along with age , the volume of left ca3 / dentate gyrus predicts memory performance.
accordingly , the implications of aging and atrophy on lure discrimination capacities are discussed.
background : mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent hallmark of many sensory neuropathies.
results : nominal associations among common mitochondrial dna variants and haplogroups were identified but were not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
background : declines in functional dependence among older adults were observed before the 1990s , but there is uncertainty about subsequent trends.
our study aimed to verify the temporal trends in disability during 1991-2010 in an older swedish population and to estimate the associated changes in survival.
methods : functional status in octogenarians and nonagenarians was assessed at seven occasions with intervals of 2-3 years.
sample size varied at each assessment with an average of @number@ ( range 212-1096 ) .
disability was defined as difficulty in one or more of personal activities of daily living.
we compared prevalence and incidence , as well as mortality , and survival associated with disability over the 20-year period.
sex-standardized cumulative incidence also remained steady.
the proportion of people with prevalent disability who died < 3 years remained stable , as did the survival time of people with incident disability.
background : the relationships between renal function and specific domains of cognitive function have rarely been explored in representative , community-based samples of older adults.
we assessed the association between renal and cognitive function based on an extensive battery of neurocognitive tests.
the frontal-executive domain was significantly associated with poor cognitive performance in the low egfr group ( p < .001 ) .
other domains of cognitive function were not associated with egfr.
conclusions : low egfr is associated with reduced performance on executive function.
individuals with poor renal function should be assessed for cognitive impairment.
potential mechanisms are discussed.
objectives : we aimed to evaluate the association between circulating androgens and the presence of psychological symptoms in a sample of healthy middle-aged women.
we investigated the associations between the scl-90r and zung scale scores , and anthropometric , lifestyle parameters , as well as serum levels of androgens.
no significant associations were observed between the zung or greene scale scores and levels of androgens.
conclusion : higher androgenicity was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a devastating disease characterized by synaptic and neuronal loss in the elderly.
compelling evidence suggests that soluble amyloid-β peptide ( aβ ) oligomers induce synaptic loss in ad.
consequent extrasynaptic nmdar ( enmdar ) overstimulation then results in synaptic dysfunction via the aforementioned pathways.
psd-95 , an important scaffolding protein that regulates synaptic distribution and activity of both nmda and ampa receptors , is also functionally disrupted by aβ.
psd-95 dysregulation is likely an important intermediate step in the pathological cascade of events caused by aβ.
production and isolation of forebrain interneuron progenitors are essential for understanding cortical development and developing cell-based therapies for developmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
we demonstrate production of a population of putative calretinin-positive bipolar interneurons that express markers consistent with caudal ganglionic eminence identities.
finally , we develop a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting strategy to isolate interneuron progenitors from sfebs to allow development of a purified population of these cells.
identification of this critical neuronal cell type within ipsc-derived sfebs is an important and novel step in describing cortical development in this ipsc preparation.
emerging evidence indicates that certain micrornas ( mirnas ) play important roles in epileptogenesis.
furthermore , treatment with mk-801 , an antagonist of nmda receptors , significantly alleviated abnormal eeg recordings induced by mir-219 antagomir.
results : for the entire sample , there was a nonsignificant trend toward a negative relationship between depe and camcog-r scores.
for the @number@ years and older group , depe scores significantly increased the risk of poorer camcog-r scores ( odds ratio = @number@ ) .
conclusions : elevated depe scores are associated with poor neuropsychological performance among cognitively normal older adults.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a major health problem , with increasing morbidity and mortality.
there is a growing literature regarding the extra-pulmonary manifestations of copd , which can have a significant impact on symptom burden and disease progression.
systemic inflammation seems to be an important factor for its establishment and repeated bursts of inflammatory mediators during copd exacerbations could further inhibit erythropoiesis.
the present review evaluates the published literature on the prevalence and significance of anaemia in copd.
background : inbreeding can be associated with a modification of disease risk due to excess homozygosity of recessive alleles affecting a wide range of phenotypes.
we estimated the inbreeding coefficient in caribbean hispanics and examined its effects on risk of late-onset alzheimer disease.
the inbreeding coefficient was estimated using the excess homozygosity method with and without adjusting for admixture.
adjusting for admixture from three parent populations , the average inbreeding coefficient was found to be @number@ ( ±0.019 ) or close to third-cousin mating.
conclusion : the average inbreeding coefficient of this population is significantly higher than that of the general caucasian populations in north america.
background : the inhibitory effect of adenosine on platelet aggregation is abrogated after the addition of adenosine-deaminase.
inosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside degraded from adenosine.
at the concentrations tested , only inosine to @number@ mmol / l had effect on platelet p-selectin expression ( p < 0.05 ) .
adenosine and inosine inhibited platelet aggregation and atp release stimulated by adp and collagen.
adenosine and inosine reduced collagen-induced platelet adhesion and aggregate formation under flow.
at the same concentrations adenosine inhibited platelet aggregation , decreased the levels of scd40l and increased intraplatelet camp.
a2a is the adenosine receptor present in platelets ; it is known that inosine is not an a2a ligand.
conclusion : therefore , adenosine and inosine may represent novel agents lowering the risk of arterial thrombosis.
methods : patients using prostaglandin analogue drops in only @number@ eye for at least @number@ year were evaluated by masked examiners.
orbital and eyelid measurements were obtained for each patient , and adnexal photographs were taken.
pap was divided into @number@ grades based on the presence and severity of fat atrophy and the existence and depth of superior sulcus deformity.
statistical analysis was performed comparing data between treated and untreated eyes.
results : thirty-three patients meeting eligibility criteria were enrolled , with equal numbers of subjects using latanoprost , travoprost , and bimatoprost.
treated eyes had significantly greater marginal reflex distance @number@ measurements ( @number@ mm , p = @number@ ) , highest with bimatoprost and moderate pap.
treated eyes had relatively greater enophthalmos than untreated eyes.
very few patients noticed or complained about eyelid changes.
in contrast to previous studies showing ptosis in pap , relative upper eyelid retraction was seen in most of our treated eyes.
our novel pap grading scale may help objectify and categorize this syndrome.
awareness of these signs is critical , as the eyelids and eyes may be affected even in the absence of patient recognition.
it has been suggested that this effect is due to inhibition of nitric oxide ( no ) -mediated vasodilation after transfusion of older rbc units.
however , to date this effect has not been identified in human transfusion recipients.
before transfusion , and at selected time points after the start of transfusion , endothelial function was assessed using noninvasive flow-mediated dilation assays.
this finding lends further support to the hypothesis that deranged no signaling mediates adverse clinical effects of older rbc transfusions.
future investigations will be necessary to address possible confounding factors and confirm these results.
satisfaction was examined by descriptive statistics.
results : younger , more educated individuals chose the self-directed format ( p < @number@ p = @number@ respectively ) .
at @number@ year , the decrease in pain ( p = @number@ ) and stiffness ( p = @number@ ) remained constant.
overall , participants were satisfied with both program formats.
conclusion : the individualized and group formats of the wwe program improved arthritis-related pain , fatigue , and stiffness in african americans.
culturally appealing arthritis interventions ultimately may increase the use of existing arthritis interventions.
introduction : the burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease among the canadian first nation population is disproportionately high compared with the general canadian population.
continuous monitoring of the diabetes epidemic among the canadian first nations population is necessary to inform public health practice.
the purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of diabetes and cardiometabolic conditions in a manitoba first nation between @number@ periods.
methods : study data were from @number@ diabetes screening studies in sandy bay ojibway first nation in manitoba , collected in 2002-2003 and 2011-2012.
all adults aged @number@ years or older were invited to participate in both studies.
significantly higher crude prevalence of obesity , abdominal obesity , dyslipidemia , and metabolic syndrome among women compared with men persisted from 2002-2003 to 2011-2012.
conclusion : the diabetes epidemic remains a serious problem in this first nation community.
the gap in cardiometabolic burden between men and women has also persisted.
study design : retrospective cohort study.
objective : to investigate the relationship between cervical spine ( c-spine ) and rotator cuff ( rtc ) pathology.
patients with concomitant c-spine and rtc diagnoses were then stratified by age group and sex.
further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of this relationship.
in the brain , 11βhsd1 is a potential therapeutic target implicated in age-associated cognitive dysfunction.
steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
the influence of 11βhsd1 in the brain is likely confined to subregions , notably the hippocampus.
alternative approaches are required to quantify pharmacodynamics effects of 11βhsd1 inhibitors in the human brain.
obesity causes dysfunction of adipose tissue , with resultant chronic inflammation and adverse interplay of various adipokines , sex steroids and endocrine hormones.
all these drive tumourigenesis and explain the epidemiological link between obesity and cancer.
over the past decade , the associations among obesity , adipokines and cancer have been increasingly recognized.
adipokines and their respective signalling pathways have drawn much research attention in the field of oncology and cancer therapeutics.
this review will discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the association of several adipokines with common obesity-related cancers and the clinical therapeutic implications.
it is widely believed that endometrial atrophy in postmenopausal women is due to an age-related reduction in estrogen level.
but the role of high circulating follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) in postmenopausal syndrome is not clear.
here , we explored the role of high circulating fsh in physiological endometrial atrophy.
in vitro , fsh inhibited endometrial proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of primary cultured endometrial cells in a dose-dependent manner.
background : since @number@ more than @number@ @number@ refugees and displaced persons , survivors of conflicts in over @number@ countries , have resettled in australia.
every general practitioner ( gp ) will have patients who have had refugee-like experiences.
objective : to describe the health needs of survivors of war and conflict in the immediate and long-term resettlement periods.
of patients who seek help with their symptoms , almost one-third do not respond to the medical therapy.
these patients need a procedure that is safe , efficient , and durable , and at the same time carries minimal risk of side-effects.
many new technologies are introduced to our medical practice with the promise of being the ideal office-based procedure.
in this review , we intend to review and discuss the role of three surgical procedures in an office setting.
these include thermotherapy , 532-nm laser photo-selective vaporization of prostate , and bipolar plasma vaporization of prostate.
recent findings : there are a few recent thermotherapy studies regarding the outcome of thermotherapy in luts / bph patients.
data regarding the use of 532-ng laser photo-selective vaporization of prostate are scant but promising.
the use of bipolar plasma vaporization is not well studied in an office setting.
summary : in a select group of patients , thermotherapy and laser prostate surgery could be safely used to treat luts / bph patients.
bipolar plasma vaporization is a promising technology , but its use in an office setting has not been completely evaluated yet.
objectives : to identify general practitioners ' ( gps ) knowledge , practices , and obstacles with regard to the diagnosis and management of dementia.
methods : standardized questionnaires covering knowledge , practices , and obstacles were distributed among a purposive sample of gps in kathmandu , nepal.
three hundred and eighty gps responded ( response rate = @percent@ ) .
results : knowledge of practitioners ' with regard to the diagnosis and management of dementia was unsatisfactory ( < 50% ) .
diagnosis and management barriers are presented with regard to gp , patient , and carer factors.
conclusions : demographic changes mean that dementia will represent a significant problem in the future.
methods : eyes of @number@ healthy participants between @number@ and @number@ years old were measured using corvis and ora.
measurements were performed twice in a row and repeated after @number@ week.
repeatability and reproducibility were examined by calculating intraday and interday coefficients of variation ( cvs ) .
corvis measurements were compared with measurements from @number@ participants older than @number@ years.
however , @number@ of @number@ analyzed parameters showed cvs > @percent@.
hc-related parameters showed significant age dependency.
corvis-derived iop was on average @number@ ± @number@ mm hg higher than cornea-compensated iop , with large differences in patients with high-average iop.
conclusions : the considerable variation in repeatability and reproducibility should be taken into account when using the corvis.
corvis parameters showed poor correlation with ch and crf obtained by ora measurements.
the human lens contains three major protein families : α- , β- , and γ-crystallin.
in this study , we investigated the acetylation of k2 in γd-crystallin in aging and cataractous human lenses.
our results indicated that k2 is acetylated at an early age and that the amount of k2-acetylated γd-crystallin increased with age.
the chaperone ability of α-crystallin for acetylated γd-crystallin was lower than that for the nonacetylated protein.
the tertiary structure and the microenvironment of the cysteine residues were significantly altered by acetylation.
acetylation enhanced the gdnhcl-induced unfolding and slowed the subsequent refolding of γd-crystallin.
the proband and ten family members of iranian ancestry participated in this study.
linkage analysis was carried out with dna samples of the proband and her parents by using the human snp array @number@
whole exome sequencing ( wes ) was performed with the patients ' dna.
specific sequence alterations within the homozygous regions identified by whole exome sequencing were verified by sanger sequencing.
upon genetic analysis , a novel homozygous frameshift mutation was found in exon @number@ of the col18a1 gene in the patient.
both parents were heterozygous for this sequence variation.
mutations in col18a1 are known to cause knobloch syndrome ( ks ) .
retrospective analysis of clinical records of the patient revealed surgical removal of a meningocele present at birth.
the clinical features shown by our patient were typical of ks with the exception of chorioretinal degeneration which is a rare manifestation.
this is the first case of ks reported in a family of iranian ancestry.
we identified a novel disease-causing ( deletion ) mutation in the col18a1 gene leading to a frameshift and premature stop codon in the last exon.
the mutation was not present in snp databases and was also not found in @number@ control individuals.
its localization within the endostatin domain implicates a functional relevance of endostatin in ks.
it is well established that human brain white matter structure changes with aging , but the timescale and spatial distribution of this change remain uncertain.
we found extensive and overlapping significant annual decreases in fractional anisotropy , and increases in axial diffusivity , radial diffusivity , and mean diffusivity.
spatially , results were consistent with inferior-to-superior gradients of lesser-to-greater vulnerability.
annual change increased with age , particularly within superior regions , with age-related decline estimated to begin in the fifth decade.
emerging findings elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise and energy intake modify the plasticity of neural circuits in ways that affect brain health.
moreover , brain-centered glucoregulatory and immunomodulating systems that mediate peripheral health benefits of intermittent energetic challenges have recently been described.
the coxpresdb ( @url@ provides gene coexpression relationships for animal species.
here , we report the updates of the database , mainly focusing on the following two points.
the increase of the number of expression data with multiple platforms could enhance the reliability of coexpression data.
for the second point , we refined the data assessment procedures , for each coexpressed gene list and for the total performance of a platform.
the assessment of coexpressed gene list now uses more reasonable p-values derived from platform-specific null distribution.
objective : persons with diabetes have accelerated muscle loss compared with their counterparts.
participants had repeated measurements up to @number@ years later.
muscle quality was defined as knee extensor strength / leg lean mass.
mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the regression of muscle outcomes on hba1c.
muscle mass measures were similar across hba1c quartiles.
future studies should explore if better glycemic control can preserve muscle function in diabetes.
peripheral intracrine sex steroid synthesis from adrenal precursors dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and dhea-sulfate has evolved in humans.
all steroidogenic components were present , although only keratinocytes expressed the organic anion organic anion transporter protein ( oatp ) 2b1 transporter.
both expressed the g-protein-coupled estrogen receptor ( gper1 ) .
migration was blocked by aromatase and steroid sulfatase ( sts ) inhibitors confirming intracrine synthesis to estrogen.
testosterone had little effect , implying it is not an intermediate.
steroids stimulated fibroblast contraction but not α-sma expression.
mechanical wounding reduced fibroblast aromatase activity but increased keratinocyte activity , amplifying the bioavailability of intracellular estrogen.
cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes provide a biologically relevant model system to investigate the complex pathways of sex steroid intracrinology in human skin.
this study details the capacity of nanosecond laser treatment to reduce drusen and thin bm while maintaining retinal structure.
the retinal effect of the laser was determined in human and mouse eyes using immunohistochemistry and compared with untreated eyes.
in a mouse with thickened bm ( apoenull ) , the effect of laser treatment was quantified using electron microscopy and quantitative pcr.
in patients with amd , nanosecond laser treatment reduced drusen load at @number@ yr.
nanosecond laser resolved drusen independent of retinal damage and improved bm structure , suggesting this treatment has the potential to reduce amd progression.
subjects and methods : the sample consisted of sixty-four healthy young adults ( @number@ females and @number@ males , mean age @number@ years ) .
saliva was collected using the spitting method at @time@ .
kinematic viscosity was determined with a capillary viscometer ( viscoclock , schott-geräte mainz , germany ) equipped with a micro-ubbelohde capillary.
viscosity and ph were measured at a temperature of @number@ °c in a thermostatic bath.
viscosity and ph data were evaluated almost simultaneously at six different times after sampling in order to identify any variations due to aging.
the data were statistically analyzed using student's t test and wilcoxon-mann-whitney test.
viscosity decreased exponentially as a function of time after sampling then reaching a plateau around @number@ cst , while the ph values increased linearly.
there was a trend of ph to decrease while viscosity decreases.
conclusions : kinematic viscometry could be a valid tool to evaluate salivary viscosity.
degradation of saliva after sampling affects viscosity and slightly ph.
the use of capillary viscometer to evaluate salivary aging needs more improvements.
slc1a2 encodes excitatory amino acid transporter type @number@ ( eaat2 ) , which clears glutamate from the synaptic cleft.
one postulated mechanism for essential tremor is the over-excitation of glutamatergic olivo-cerebellar climbing fibers , leading to excitotoxic death of purkinje cells.
other glutamatergic excitatory signals are transmitted to purkinje cells via parallel fibers of cerebellar granule neurons.
therefore , the expression level of glutamate transporters could be important in essential tremor pathogenesis.
we also studied the localization of eaat1 and eaat2 using immunohistochemistry in @number@ essential tremor cases and @number@ controls.
it has become a current social trend for women to delay childbearing.
however , the quality of oocytes from older females is compromised and the pregnancy rate of older women is lower.
establishing proper epigenetic modifications during oogenesis and early embryo development is an important aspect in reproduction.
the reprogramming process may be influenced by external and internal factors that result in improper epigenetic changes in germ cells.
furthermore , germ cell epigenetic changes might be inherited by the next generations.
in this review , we briefly summarise the effects of ageing on oocyte quality.
background : the continuing care retirement community ( ccrc ) is a long term care alternative available to older adults who are independent upon entrance.
the present study evaluated perceptions of old age and aging among new ccrc residents and their adult children.
interviews were analyzed using constant comparisons within and across interviews.
dyadic analysis of older adults-adult children interviews was followed.
background : occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in dance sport dancers is often a cause for longer discontinuation of training , which affects the competition results.
conclusion : lower back pain is propounding health problem in male dancers and increases with age that cannot be resolved by decreasing training intensity.
this research reveals that only @percent@ of male dancers will seek medical help because of occurrence of musculoskeletal pain.
multidisciplinary approach with the aim of long-term health protection and prolongation of dancing careers is required in future studies.
this study aimed to clarify age-related differences in psychosocial functioning in achd patients and determine the factors influencing anxiety and depression.
only achd patients completed an illness perception inventory.
achd patients over @number@ showed a significantly greater percentage of probable anxiety cases than those in their @number@ s and the reference group.
furthermore , achd patients may develop an increasingly negative perception of their illness as they age.
the factors influencing anxiety and depression in patients were aging , independence , problem-solving ability , and nyha functional class.
our methodology uncovers substantial heterogeneity in expected longevities , yet much less heterogeneity than what arises from the naive application of life expectancy formulae.
remarkably , education , wealth , and income are health-protecting but have very little impact on two-year mortality rates conditional on health.
married people and nonsmokers , however , benefit directly in their immediate mortality.
the overview offers an integrated framework for understanding the disablement process , trends and their complex milieu of causes and consequences.
we investigated associations between mirna related snps and breast cancer risk.
first we evaluated @number@ snps in a case-control study combining nine genome wide association studies ( gwas ) .
drosha belongs to mirna machinery genes and has a central role in initial mirna processing.
the remaining genes are involved in different molecular functions , including apoptosis and gene expression regulation.
further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the mirna binding site snps are the causative variants for the observed risk effects.
supercentenarians ( @number@ years or older ) are the world's oldest people.
seventy four are alive worldwide , with twenty two in the united states.
we performed whole-genome sequencing on @number@ supercentenarians to explore the genetic basis underlying extreme human longevity.
even with this pathogenic mutation , the proband lived to over @number@ years.
the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) can address this need , but has limitations in a survey context.
therefore , we developed a survey adaptation of the moca , called the moca-sa , and describe its psychometric properties in a large national survey.
in national social life health and aging project wave @number@ the moca-sa had good internal reliability ( cronbach α = 0.76 ) .
using item-response models , survey-adapted items captured a broad range of cognitive abilities and functioned similarly across sex , education , and ethnic groups.
objectives : to investigate the relationship between glycated albumin ( ga ) to glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) ratio and cognitive impairment in old age.
diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment in older people.
however , the link between elevated ga / hba1c levels and the risk of cognitive impairment in nondiabetic individuals is unclear.
glycemic measures included fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) , 2-hour post-prandial plasmic glucose ( 2hppg ) , ga and hba1c.
these molecules are highly brain penetrant and prevent and restore cognitive deficits in mouse models of alzheimer's disease.
counter-screening these compounds against a broad panel of potential cns targets revealed they are highly potent and specific ligands of the sigma-2 / pgrmc1 receptor.
werner syndrome ( ws ) is a premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability and cancer predisposition.
mutations in wrn are responsible for the disease and cause telomere dysfunction , resulting in accelerated aging.
recent studies have revealed that cells from ws patients can be successfully reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) .
ws ipscs also showed recapitulation of the phenotypes during differentiation.
these findings demonstrated that reprogramming suppressed premature senescence phenotypes in ws cells and ws ipscs could lead to chromosomal stability over the long term.
ws ipscs will provide opportunities to identify affected lineages in ws and to develop a new strategy for the treatment of ws.
so far , aging studies have concentrated on endurance athletes.
master sprint-trained athletes were not the main focus of attention.
the flexible allocation of attention enables us to perceive and behave successfully despite irrelevant distractors.
how do acoustic challenges influence this allocation of attention , and to what extent is this ability preserved in normally aging listeners ?
younger and healthy older participants performed a masked auditory number comparison while eeg was recorded.
listening conditions were adjusted individually to equalize stimulus audibility as well as the overall level of performance across participants.
accuracy increased , and response times decreased with more acoustic detail.
the decrease in response times with more acoustic detail was stronger in the group of older participants.
the onset of the distracting speech masker triggered a prominent contingent negative variation ( cnv ) in the eeg.
notably , cnv magnitude decreased parametrically with increasing acoustic detail in both age groups.
within identical levels of acoustic detail , larger cnv magnitude was associated with improved accuracy.
across age groups , neuropsychological markers further linked early cnv magnitude directly to individual attentional capacity.
results demonstrate for the first time that , in a demanding listening task , instantaneous acoustic conditions guide the allocation of attention.
second , such basic neural mechanisms of preparatory attention allocation seem preserved in healthy aging , despite impending sensory decline.
it is known that the default mode network ( dmn ) may be modulated by a cognitive task and by performance level.
in this study , the authors examined how effective connectivity changed in the dmn between rest and during a memory task.
twenty-eight healthy older participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and an emotional face-name encoding task.
effective connectivity analyses were performed on the dmn to examine the effective connectivity modulation in these two different conditions.
genetic predisposition , such as point mutations and copy number variants of the snca gene locus can cause very similar pd-like neurodegeneration.
knockdown of α-synuclein in the snca-tri npcs by stably expressed short hairpin rna ( shrna ) resulted in reversal of the observed phenotypic changes.
aging , however , appears to be the major contributor for morbidity and mortality of the impaired cardiovascular system.
these hormones exhibit antioxidant properties and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis.
senescence-accelerated resistant animals showed no significant changes with age.
gh or melatonin treatment prevented the age-dependent cardiac alterations observed in the senescence-accelerated prone group.
gh and melatonin may be potential agents for counteracting oxidative stress , apoptosis and inflammation in the aging heart.
moreover , this review highlights important sex-dependent differences in the adaptation to developmental insults.
the important sex-dependent differences in the developmental programming of diseases seem to be partly secondary to the effects of sex hormones.
recent studies have shown that the progression of these diseases is accelerated during aging in both sexes.
future studies are needed in order to prevent the origin and reduce the incidence and consequences of developmental programmed diseases.
background : vital pulp preservation in the treatment of deep caries is challenging due to bacterial infection.
mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) and calcium hydroxide ( dycal ) served as commercial controls.
biofilm formation was also assessed by live / dead staining and scanning electron microscopy.
of the materials affected bacterial growth in solution.
contact-inhibition of biofilm formation was retained by the aged experimental material.
significant biofilm formation was observed on mta and dycal.
therefore , this material shows promise as a pulp capping material for vital pulp preservation in the treatment of deep caries.
so far , the validity and reliability of the katz-15 scale is unknown.
design : we performed a follow-up study using data from a group of @number@ year and older participants from a large dutch clinical trial.
participants : we included @number@ participants in the analysis.
the average age of the study population was @number@ years and @percent@ was male.
results : we found the katz-15 to be both internally consistent and strongly associated with quality of life measures.
conclusion : the results of our study indicate that the katz-15 scale is able to reliably and validly predict future unfavorable health outcomes.
this makes the scale a valuable measure in determining both basic and instrumental activities of daily living.
design : analysis of a prospective cohort study.
setting : the proof study , including @number@ elderly community residents.
covariates included educational level and use of tobacco.
the analyses were made in men and women separately.
finally , lower executive function was associated with weaker pls in men ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
moreover , executive performance was linked to subsequent quality of life in men.
objective : to examine the association of dietary habits with high total antioxidant capacity ( tac ) with frailty among elderly japanese women.
design : cross-sectional multicenter study.
setting : thirty-five of @number@ prefectures in japan.
participants : @number@ grandmothers or acquaintances of dietetic students aged @number@ and older.
measurements : dietary tac and food intakes were calculated using a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire.
results : the number of subjects with frailty was @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : dietary habits with high tac showed a stronger inverse association with frailty in elderly japanese women than the individual foods examined.
results : we found @number@ articles , but @number@ were specifically focused on si studies.
conclusion : results showed a positive relationship between dietary si intake and bone regeneration.
however , no such association was found in women.
in both genders , serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe sarcopenic states.
epigenetic mechanisms encompass a complex regulatory network of modifications with considerable impact on health and disease risk.
abnormal epigenetic regulation is a hallmark in many pathological conditions including ad.
it is well recognized that numerous bioactive dietary components mediate epigenetic modifications associated with the pathophysiology of several diseases.
epigenetic nutritional research has substantial potential for ad and may represent a window of opportunity to complement other interventions.
here , we provide a brief overview of the main mechanisms involved in ad , some of which may be epigenetically modulated by bioactive food.
the aim was to explore the relationship of neighborhood characteristics with metabolic conditions in older women.
design : cross-sectional analysis.
participants were categorized by quartile of neighborhood score with a higher quartile representing relative neighborhood advantage.
logistic regression models were created to assess the association of neighborhood quartiles to outcomes , adjusting for key covariates.
measurements : primary outcomes included metabolic conditions : obesity , diabetes , hypertension , and hyperlipidemia.
secondary outcomes included bmi , hba1c , blood pressure and lipids.
highest versus lowest neighborhood quartile was associated with lower hba1c ( @percent@ , p = 0.02 ) in unadjusted models.
conclusion : worse neighborhood characteristics are associated with adiposity , hyperglycemia , and low hdl.
further longitudinal studies are needed and can inform future interventions to improve metabolic status in older adults.
objectives : we compared the nutritional status of elderly people living in two different settings ( shared-housing arrangements and home-living arrangements ) .
design : for this secondary analysis , a cross-sectional study was performed.
setting : for the home-living setting , home-dwelling elderly people from hamburg , germany who were participants in a prior study were included.
for the shared-housing arrangements ( sha ) setting , we used baseline data from the wgqual study.
the sample from the shared-housing arrangements comprised all residents that lived in shas.
measurements : nutritional status was examined by administering the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
cognitive status was measured by the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
results : overall , @number@ individuals participated in this study.
statistical analysis showed differences in both overall mna scores and mna assessment scores.
significantly more participants from the sha setting were at risk of malnutrition compared to the home-living setting.
conclusion : screening and assessment of nutritional status and prevention interventions should be considered in sha settings.
the human gut contains trillions of microbes which form an essential part of the complex ecosystem of the host.
this microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life , but may fluctuate over time with aging and disease.
these strategies include probiotic and prebiotic preparations as well as targeted nutrients , designed to enrich the gut microbiota of the aging population.
this study presents the association of active antioxidants substances in a multifunctional cosmetic formulation with established efficacy against signs of aging.
the formulation increased the hydration and protected the skin barrier function after a single application.
the multifunctional cosmetic formulation studied can be suggested to preventing signs of aging and improving skin conditions.
in addition , this study presents the benefits of associating different active antioxidants substances in a single cosmetic formulation to prevent skin aging.
longitudinal administration of neuropsychological instruments are often used to assess age-related changes in cognition.
informative loss to follow-up may bias the results of these studies.
herein , we use auxiliary data to adjust for informative loss to follow-up.
a total of @number@ eas participants contributed @number@ person years of follow-up to the analyses.
aim : the aim of this study was to establish the maximal heart rate ( hrmax ) -age relation with minimal error rate.
the equations were then contrasted to a number of equations reported in the literature.
the best fitted equations were then tested on a new sample of @number@ subjects ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) for validation purposes.
results : mean hrmax values were found to decrease at a faster rate in women than in men with age increase.
conclusion : our equations were derived from a large data set and were found to be highly sensitive for both genders.
therefore , we propose that these new formulas , with their improved accuracy , be used in healthy active and clinical populations.
enhanced no production increases the activities of the transcription factors p53 and nuclear factor κb ( nf-κb ) in several models of disease-associated inflammation.
s-nitrosylation inhibits the activity of the protein deacetylase sirt1.
sirt1 limits apoptosis and inflammation by deacetylating p53 and p65 ( also known as rela ) , a subunit of nf-κb.
inhibition of sirt1 reduced deacetylation and promoted activation of p53 and p65 , leading to apoptosis and increased expression of proinflammatory genes.
asc complicated @number@ procedures ( @percent@ ) .
mean hospitalization was longer after procedures complicated by asc ( @number@.2±1.6 versus @number@.9±1.9 days ; range , 0-7 days ; p = 0.002 ) .
severity of asc correlated with higher rates of discharge to rehabilitation / nursing facilities compared with home discharge.
conclusions : several factors independently predict asc after pvi.
appropriate use of antithrombotic therapies and vascular closure device in patients at increased risk of asc may improve post-pvi outcomes.
methods : inflation tests on posterior scleral shells were performed while full-field , three-dimensional displacements were recorded using laser speckle interferometry.
scleral material properties were fit to each eye using a microstructure-based constitutive formulation that incorporates the collagen fibril crimp and the local anisotropic collagen architecture.
the effects of age and race were estimated using generalized estimating equations , while accounting for intradonor correlations.
it has also been proposed that reforms promoting free choice might increase inequalities in health care use.
the association between education and inpatient or outpatient care use did not change over time.
conclusions : our study covering @number@ years showed relatively stable findings for socioeconomic differences in health care use among older adults in sweden.
introduction : with the aging of the population , an increasing number of people have dementia , most of whom are receiving home care.
caregivers are exposed to a variety of stressors , which may lead to feeling burdened , or to depression and anxiety.
various programs or structured interventions have been developed to prevent or lessen these negative consequences.
the efficacy of these interventions is debated , mainly due to methodological differences between studies.
review studies so far have presented important discrepancies , thus perpetuating a lack of clarity regarding this important geriatric care problem.
results : the literature search yielded @number@ references , of which @number@ met the screening criteria.
of these studies , @percent@ had results that were statistically favorable to intervention.
the methodology used varied widely between studies.
conclusions : overall , the available evidence favors the implementation of structured intervention programs , although the results are heterogeneous.
psychoeducational interventions yield better results and can be better adapted to the needs of caregivers.
measurement of volume flow rates in major cerebral vessels can be used to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of cerebrovascular disease.
however , both age and vascular anatomy can affect flow rates independent of disease.
flows were measured in the major intracranial and extracranial vessels.
the cohort ranged from @number@ to @number@ years old , with @number@ ( @percent@ ) females.
all individual vessel flows and total cerebral blood flow ( tcbf ) declined with age , at @number@ ml / minute per year for tcbf.
basilar artery ( ba ) flow was significantly decreased in individuals with one or both fetal posterior cerebral arteries ( pcas ) .
internal carotid artery flows were significantly higher with a fetal pca and decreased with a hypoplastic anterior cerebral artery.
indexing vessel flows to tcbf neutralized the age effect , but anatomic variations continued to impact indexed flow in the ba and internal carotid artery.
variability in normative flow ranges were reduced in distal vessels and by examining regional flows.
cerebral vessel flows are affected by age and cerebrovascular anatomy , which has important implications for interpretation of flows in the disease state.
objective : to synthesize the evidence on factors associated with the maintenance of work ability during the aging process.
descriptors which encompassed terms related to work ability , aging and elderly were used.
quantitative observational studies were included to investigate the work ability and the effect of aging.
results : a total of @number@ articles were obtained , but @number@ were included in the analyses.
later on , @number@ intervention and @number@ repeated studies were excluded.
variables that showed negative correlations with work ability were the following : age , smoking , service time and physical demands in occupational activities.
satisfaction with life , sufficient income , physical activity , volunteerism and mental workload were considered positive associations that protect the elderly from functional loss.
increased investments in the health care of this population are needed regarding musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory capacity.
physical activity must be encouraged by policies to foster health promotion.
this effect of butyrate may in part explain the protective action of fibre against crc.
progerin activates expression of the wnt inhibitors hes1 and tle1.
thus , we hypothesize that with age , the increasing expression of progerin suppresses butyrate-mediated wnt hyperactivation and apoptosis , leading to increased crc risk.
wild-type klotho contributes to a significantly increased lifespan ; however , klotho gene variants differ significantly between newborns and elderly.
klotho inhibits basal wnt signalling activity ; thus , the protein may function as a tumour suppressor for crc.
however , similar to progerin , klotho variants associated with lifespan differences may repress butyrate-mediated wnt hyperactivation , and thus increase the risk of crc.
finally , mtor signalling has also been linked to human ageing , and crosstalk between wnt and mtor signalling may influence colonic tumourigenesis.
with the aid of a manual , the training adopted a learner-oriented approach that directly encouraged learners to generalize strategic behavior to new tasks.
the maintenance of any training benefits was assessed after @number@ months.
results : training benefits emerged in the trained group for the tasks that were practiced.
transfer effects were found in memory and everyday problem-solving tasks and on memory beliefs.
the effects of training were generally maintained in both practiced and unpracticed memory tasks.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the leading form of dementia worldwide.
the aβ-peptide is believed to be the major pathogenic compound of the disease.
findings : expression of the human aβ42 in the drosophila nervous system leads to a drastically shortened life span.
we found that the action of aβ42 specifically in the glutamatergic motoneurons is responsible for the reduced survival.
additionally , our results challenge the hypothesis that wnt signaling might be implicated in aβ42 toxicity and might serve as a drug target against ad.
background : the frailty syndrome is as a well-established condition of risk for disability.
participants were randomized to a 12-month pa intervention versus a successful aging education group.
repeated measures generalized linear models were conducted.
among the frailty criteria , the sedentary behavior was the one most affected by the intervention.
conclusions : regular pa may reduce frailty , especially in individuals at higher risk of disability.
future studies should be aimed at testing the possible benefits produced by multidomain interventions on frailty.
in the past @number@ years , five new agents have been approved for metastatic , castration-resistant prostate cancer.
four of them are non-chemotherapeutic and generally well tolerated.
however , each has toxicities that can negatively impact patients , particularly the elderly.
this review covers the epidemiology of prostate cancer in elderly men.
drug-drug interactions between these agents and other drugs commonly used in the elderly population are also considered.
the emerging therapies tasquinimod and ipilimumab are reviewed.
furthermore , the study population differs significantly from those seen in clinical practice.
this review addresses these issues.
degenerative changes have the potential to greatly disrupt the normal curvature of the spine , leading to sagittal malalignment.
improvement in surgical outcomes may be achieved through better understanding of radiographic spino-pelvic parameters and their association with deformity.
while sagittal alignment is essential in operative strategy , the coronal plane should not be overlooked , as it may affect the osteotomy technique.
finally , given the importance of sagittal alignment and the role of osteotomies in treatment for deformity , the need for future research becomes apparent.
novel intraoperative measurement techniques and three-dimensional analysis of the spine may allow for vastly improved operative correction.
objective : to quantify racial differences in brain structural characteristics in white and black octogenarians , and to examine whether these characteristics contribute to cognition.
racial differences were not significant for wmh ( p = 0.062 ) or gma ( p = 0.4 ) .
this neuroimaging marker was related to higher cognition even in the presence of wmh and other cardiovascular conditions.
height , body weight , and bmi did not change.
the objective of this systematic literature review was to synthesize the available evidence on amount of sb reported by and measured in older adults.
data source : studies published between @number@ and @number@ were identified from electronic databases and manual searching.
appraisal and synthesis was completed using moose guidelines.
results : @number@ adults aged ≥ @number@ within @number@ studies ( @number@ countries and @number@ eu-wide ) were included.
objective measurement of sb shows that older adults spend an average of @number@ hr a day sedentary , equating to 65-80% of their waking day.
self-report of sb is lower , with average weighted self-reports being @number@ hr daily.
within specific domains of sb , older adults report @number@ hr in leisure sitting time and @number@ hr watching tv.
conclusion / implications : time spent sedentary ranges from @number@.3-9.4 hr per waking day in older adults.
limitations : different methodologies of measurement and different reporting methods of sb made synthesis difficult.
study design : a descriptive study of the association between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ( dish ) and kyphosis.
summary of background data : dish and thoracic kyphosis are well-defined radiographical findings in spines of older individuals.
characteristics of dish ( ossifications between vertebral segments ) reflect changes of spine anatomy and physiology that may be associated with cobb angle of kyphosis.
characteristics of participants with and without dish were assessed using the χ² and t tests.
association between dish and cobb angle was analyzed using linear regression.
cobb angle and dish relationship was assessed at different spine levels ( thoracic and lumbar ) .
the mean cobb angle of kyphosis in the analytic sample was @number@.3° ( standard deviation = @number@ ) .
conclusion : dish is associated with greater cobb angle of kyphosis , especially when present in the thoracic spine alone.
the association of dish with cobb angle is stronger within the african american population.
the world population is continuously aging , and centenarians may be considered to be the most successfully aged individuals.
unfortunately , data on the worldwide distribution of scs remain scarce.
therefore , this study was designed to investigate this issue.
current available data indicate that japan is the country with the highest number of currently alive scs.
recent studies have shown that sirtuin-1 ( sirt1 ) plays an important role in the development of endothelial senescence.
the purpose of this study was to explore whether sirt1 is involved in the action of ginsenoside rb1 regarding protection against h2o2-induced huvec senescence.
additionally , rb1 decreased enos acetylation , as well as promoted more no production that was accompanied by an increase in sirt1 expression.
furthermore , upon knocking down sirt1 , the effect of rb1 on huvec senescence was blunted.
conclusions : the present study indicated that ginsenoside rb1 acts through stimulating sirt1 in order to protect against endothelial senescence and dysfunction.
as such , sirt1 appears to be of particular importance in maintaining endothelial functions and delaying vascular aging.
background : premature aging seriously compromises the health status of down syndrome ( ds ) persons.
methods : the observational study presented involved @number@ adult ds persons.
we characterized the gm structure by @number@ pyrosequencing of the @date@ region of the 16s rrna gene.
ds microbiome was compared with that of age-matched healthy non-trisomic adults enrolled in the same geographic area.
results and conclusions : the dominant gm fraction of ds persons showed an overall mutualistic immune-modulatory layout , comparable to that of healthy controls.
this makes gm a possible factor counteracting the genetic determined acceleration of immune senescence in ds persons.
however , we also found detectable signatures specific for ds among subdominant gm components , such as the increase of parasporobacterium and sutterella.
in courses where topics are sensitive or even considered taboo for discussion , it can be difficult to assess students ' deeper learning.
in addition , incorporating a wide variety of students ' values and beliefs , designing instructional strategies and including varied assessments adds to the difficulty.
journal entries or response notebooks can highlight reflection upon others ' viewpoints , class readings , and additional materials.
these are useful across all educational levels in deep learning and comprehension strategies assessments.
journaling meshes with transformative learning constructs , allowing for critical self-reflection essential to transformation.
qualitative analysis of journals in a death and dying class reveals three transformative themes : awareness of others , questioning , and comfort.
using transformative learning within gerontology and geriatrics education , as well as other disciplined aging-related courses is discussed.
furthermore , there has been an unprecedented increase in average lifespan over the past century without corresponding extensions of fertile and healthy age spans.
we propose a possible explanation for these paradoxical phenomena.
method : we reviewed the relevant literature on aging , well-being , and wisdom.
we propose that greater societal wisdom ( including compassion ) may account for the notable increase in average lifespan over the last century.
conclusions : the proposed construct of societal wisdom needs more investigation.
research should also focus on the reasons for discrepant findings related to age-associated changes in different components of individual wisdom.
finally , effective interventions to enhance wisdom need to be developed and tested.
however , older adults often lack sufficient ehealth literacy to maximize their benefit from these resources.
objective : this review evaluates the research design , methods , and findings of ehealth literacy interventions for older adults.
methods : a systematic review of peer-reviewed research articles from @number@ databases in @number@ fields was carried out in @date@ .
four rounds of screening of articles in these databases resulted in a final sample of @number@ articles.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common type of dementia and is prevalent worldwide.
it is expected that ad , for which aging is a risk factor , will increase in the future.
because early detection of ad has become increasingly important , promoting demand for screening tests with adequate sensitivity.
methods : @number@ senior persons participated in the research : @number@ with very mild ad , @number@ with amci , and @number@ control group.
the ttcc , which was a colored cards configuration memory task , was examined for sensitivity and specificity.
results : the sensitivity of the ttcc was @percent@ and @percent@ for the very mild ad and amci groups , and the specificity was @percent@.
conducting ttcc ( including instruction and evaluation ) was accomplished within @number@ minutes for all subjects.
conclusion : the ttcc is useful screening test for early detection of ad.
furthermore , administration time is short and requires no special training or skills.
thus , we believe the ttcc shows great potential for use as an ad screening test by a general practitioner in communities worldwide.
rationale : there is mounting evidence of a higher incidence of coronary heart disease in individuals.
in addition , @number@ patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic myocardial infarction were analyzed in a cross-sectional study ( cohort b ) .
a significant proportion of temra cells remained depleted for ≥3 months in patients.
our results suggest that acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion accelerate immunosenescence in patients.
background : infections frequently occur in patients with dementia and antibiotics are often prescribed , but may also be withheld.
results : thirty-seven articles were included.
the point prevalence of antibiotic use in patients with dementia ranged from @number@ to @percent@.
most patients with lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections ( 77-91% ) received antibiotic treatment.
factors associated with antibiotic use related to patients , families , physicians , and the healthcare context.
more severe dementia and a poor prognosis were associated with less antibiotic use in various countries.
associations with aspiration and illness severity differed by country.
conclusions and implications : antibiotic use in patients with dementia is substantial , and probably highly associated with the particular healthcare context.
future studies may report antibiotic use by infection type and stage of dementia , and compare cross-nationally.
the most frequent vascular pathologies in the aging brain and in ad are cerebral amyloid angiopathy and small vessel disease.
up to @percent@ of aged subjects show morphological substrates of cvd in addition to ad pathology.
aging and obesity can play a synergic effect on accelerating the renal function deterioration.
methods : a prospective observational study was performed.
between @number@ and @number@ @number@ morbidly obese patients over @number@ years underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( lsg ) at our institution.
renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine , urea , and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) , calculated using the mdrd-4 formula.
conclusion : in patients over @number@ years , renal function is going to deteriorate as long as the excess of weight persists.
laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has shown to improve the renal function @number@ months after surgery.
memory impairment is the cardinal early feature of alzheimer's disease , a highly prevalent disorder whose causes remain only partially understood.
consistent with a neuroprotective effect , rs7594645-g carriers exhibited increased hippocampal volume and gray matter density and decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of apoptotic mediators.
non-invasive evaluation of cell reprogramming by advanced image analysis is required to maintain the quality of cells intended for regenerative medicine.
furthermore , we found that image features for efficient discrimination reside in cellular components.
our data revealed that ipscs have a markedly different overall nuclear architecture that may contribute to highly accurate discrimination based on the cell reprogramming status.
background : effective use of experimental pain in research depends on a thorough understanding of factors influencing their use.
children were randomly assigned to one of two apparatus ( ice- vs. electric-cooled ) for all cpts.
children's hand was warmed to its baseline temperature between cpts.
higher pain-related fear and pain unpleasantness occurred with the electric-cooled apparatus.
girls had higher pain tolerance and threshold at all temperatures.
conclusions : these results provide critically important information about water temperature , apparatus , and child age on cpt pain responding.
it informs design of future cpt studies and directs consideration of methodological variability and child age when interpreting study findings.
autophagy degrades pathogens , altered organelles and protein aggregates , and is characterized by the sequestration of cytoplasmic cargos within double-membrane-limited vesicles called autophagosomes.
autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions , dampens inflammation and shapes adaptive immunity.
in translational terms , autophagy is undoubtedly an attractive target for developing new renoprotective treatments and identifying markers of kidney injury.
background and objective : single-item screening questions may be a practical first step in screening for cognitive problems in older people.
a form of single-item cognitive assessment is proposed in the nhs england and wales dementia strategy.
we aimed to provide a review and synthesis of the evidence regarding the performance of single-item tests for detection of cognitive impairment.
design : this review used cochrane diagnostic test accuracy procedures.
two independent researchers searched for relevant papers across multiple , cross-disciplinary electronic databases using previously validated search strings.
our index test was any single screening question for cognitive impairment , including factor analysis of multi-item tools.
our reference standards included clinical diagnosis and multi-domain cognitive assessments.
results : from @number@ titles , @number@ studies were identified as eligible for inclusion.
four studies were graded low risk of bias and recruited a representative patient sample.
five papers described a single screening question for cognitive impairment with each using a different question.
sensitivity ranged from @number@ to @percent@ and specificity from @number@ to @percent@.
conclusion : informant-based , single-item screening questions show promise for detecting cognitive impairment.
however , there was substantial heterogeneity in format and application of single-item screens , and several studies were of poor methodological quality.
currently , there is insufficient evidence to support routine screening using a single-item approach.
we conducted combined and separate analyses for all ethnic groups studied in the literature ( caucasian and asian ) .
we estimated lifetime costs of publicly funded social care , covering services such as residential and nursing care homes , domiciliary care and meals.
like previous studies , we constructed microsimulation models.
however , our transition probabilities were estimated from longitudinal , linked administrative health and social care datasets , rather than from survey data.
administrative data were obtained from three geographical areas of england , and we estimated transition probabilities in each of these sites flexibly using bayesian methods.
this allowed us to quantify regional variation as well as the impact of structural and parameter uncertainty regarding the transition probabilities.
this study investigated the preferences for aging-in-place and its contributing neighborhood factors among low-income chinese elderly in a metropolitan city.
method : we conducted interviews with @number@ older people residing in public housing estates in hong kong.
discussion : low-income elderly chinese city-dwellers prefer to age in place , given appropriate neighborhood support.
high-affinity sodium-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter @number@ ( nadc3 ) is a key metabolism-regulating membrane protein responsible for transport of krebs cycle intermediates.
nadc3 is upregulated as organs age , but knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms by which nadc3 modulates mammalian aging is limited.
stressful premature senescent phenotypes induced by nadc3 were markedly ameliorated via treatment with the antioxidants tiron and tempol.
high expression of nadc3 caused a prominent increase in intracellular levels of krebs cycle intermediates and nadh.
exogenous nadh and nad ( + ) may aggravate and attenuate the aging phenotypes induced by nadc3 , respectively.
our results clarify the aging signaling pathway regulated by nadc3.
background : aging has a recognized degenerative effect on the functionality of the hand in terms of strength and dexterity.
despite this , there are few studies in literature that quantify the upper limb skills in the elderly.
design : it was a controlled study.
population : thirty-five elderly inpatients ( aged @number@.6±7.5 years ) compared to @number@ healthy young adults ( aged 30±3.9 years ) .
methods : a task consisting in @number@ trials of grasping of rulers was administered to each subject and studied with a video analysis software.
the scores obtained in these scales were correlated to the mean times of trials execution.
this worsening of the motor performance was significantly correlated to the severity of comorbidities and to the global level of autonomy.
no significant differences emerged for the correctness of the performance and significant differences were not correlated with depression or cognitive impairment.
background and aims : familiarity is assumed to exert a beneficial effect on memory in older adults.
our paper investigated this issue specifically for destination memory , that is , memory of the destination of previously relayed information.
results : in general , destination performance was found to be higher for familiar than for unfamiliar faces.
discussion and conclusions : our results show that destination memory in older adults is sensitive to familiarity of both destination and output information.
the incidence , histologic distribution , and clinical manifestations of ovarian tumors in the pediatric population are distinct from those in adults.
although ovarian neoplasms in childhood and adolescence are rare , the diagnosis should be considered in young girls with abdominal pain and a palpable mass.
although the clinical manifestations are nonspecific and may overlap , they may assist in diagnosis of some types of ovarian tumors.
children who present with a palpable mass or symptoms of precocious puberty have a high likelihood of malignancy.
many ovarian tumors are associated with abnormal hormonal activity and / or abnormal sexual development.
however , negative tumor markers do not exclude the possibility of malignancy.
at imaging , malignant ovarian tumors usually appear predominantly solid or heterogeneous and are larger than benign tumors.
to maximize compliance , adverse reactions to sunscreens should be minimized.
although inactive ingredients cause many of these reactions , it is important for dermatologists to be aware of reactions to active ultraviolet filters.
there are approximately @number@ chemicals that can function as ultraviolet ( uv ) filters.
this review focuses on the @number@ most common filters in commercial and historical use.
of these , @number@ are approved for use by the us food and drug administration.
when clinically indicated , patch and photopatch testing should be performed to common uv filters.
this study aimed to examine the association between polysomnographic sleep and subjective habitual sleep quality and restoration from sleep.
thirty-one normal sleepers completed the karolinska sleep questionnaire and multiple home polysomnography recordings ( n = 2-5 ) .
stage @number@ and slow-wave sleep predicted worse and better sleep quality , respectively.
also , slow-wave sleep predicted less subjective restoration , although adjustment for age attenuated this relation.
our findings lend some physiological validity to ratings of habitual sleep quality in normal sleepers.
data were less supportive of a physiological correlate of ratings of restoration from sleep.
feasible and effective interventions are needed to reduce this burden of depression.
patients were interviewed at home and by telephone.
of @number@ eligible patients , @number@ enrolled in the study.
nurses ' training totaled @number@ hours ( @number@ onsite and @number@ via the web ) .
researchers telephoned intervention team supervisors every other week.
main outcomes and measures : depression severity , assessed by the 24-item hamilton scale for depression ( ham-d ) .
in the full sample , the intervention had no effect ( p = @number@ for intervention × time interaction ) .
conclusion and relevance : home health care nurses can effectively integrate depression care management into routine practice.
however , the clinical benefit seems to be limited to patients with moderate to severe depression.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01979302.
with longer life expectancy , the number of burn injuries in the elderly continues to increase.
prediction of outcomes for the elderly is complicated by preinjury physical fitness and comorbid illness.
the authors hypothesize that admission frailty assessment would be predictive of outcomes in the elderly burn population.
our primary aim was to determine if higher frailty scores were associated with higher risk of mortality for elderly burn patients.
a 2-year retrospective chart review was performed of all admitted acute burn patients @number@ years or older.
frailty scores were assessed from admission data and calculated using the canadian study of health and aging clinical frailty scale.
a total of @number@ patients met entry criteria.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and consisted of @number@ men and @number@ women.
mean %tbsa was @number@ ± @percent@ and mean frailty score ( fs ) was @number@ ± @number@
eighty patients survived to discharge and nine died.
nonsurvivors had significantly higher fs compared to survivors ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ ) .
however , survivors were independently associated with a significantly lower fs ( b = @number@ ) .
frailty scores on admission allow for a more complete assessment of elderly patients and can be used to establish benchmark models for burn injury outcomes.
in addition fs can be used as a research tool to improve outcomes for elderly burn injured patients.
sirtuins ( sirts ) catalyze the nad ( + ) -dependent deacetylation of n ( ε ) -acetyl lysines on various protein substrates.
sirts are interesting drug targets as they are considered to be related to important pathologies such as inflammation and aging-associated diseases.
we have previously shown that chroman-4-ones act as potent and selective inhibitors of sirt2.
herein we report novel chroman-4-one and chromone-based sirt2 inhibitors containing various heterofunctionalities to improve pharmacokinetic properties.
the compounds retained both high sirt2 selectivity and potent inhibitory activity.
two compounds were tested for their antiproliferative effects in breast cancer ( mcf-7 ) and lung carcinoma ( a549 ) cell lines.
both compounds showed antiproliferative effects correlating with their sirt2 inhibition potency.
they also increased the acetylation level of α-tubulin , indicating that sirt2 is likely to be the target in cancer cells.
a binding mode of the inhibitors that is consistent with the sar data was proposed based on a homology model of sirt2.
hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids ( hdls ) is a familial neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by progressive cognitive and motor dysfunction.
mutations in the colony-stimulating factor @number@ receptor ( csf1r ) gene have recently been identified in hdls patients.
we report a japanese family with hdls.
we also autopsied her sister who was considered to be neurologically asymptomatic and died of tuberculosis at the age of @number@ years.
postmortem studies revealed patchy axonal degeneration and myelin loss , predominantly in the subcortical white matter.
pigmented microglia were distributed diffusely throughout the cerebral white matter and expressed csf1r poorly.
in conclusion , our observations suggest that the pathology of hdls may initially be characterized by multifocal lesions in subcortical white matter regions.
it also shows promise in enhancing their socialization skills.
patients with better communication abilities seemed to benefit more from the lswp.
thefunction of theknee joint muscles.
the aim of thisstudywas to investigatethe myoelectrical signal ofknee jointmusclesin different agestages during upright standing.
to normalize the semg values amplitude ratios ( percentage of cumulated activity ) were calculated with respect to the specific limb.
with increasing age , the patient showed descriptively a deterioration of the joint situation.
the absolute amplitude values of the mm. gastrocnemii showed no differences in the age groups while the relative levels were decreased.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a clustering of vascular risk factors and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
less is known about the relationship between mets and cognition.
we examined component vascular risk factors of mets as correlates of different cognitive domains.
the northern manhattan study ( nomas ) includes @number@ stroke-free participants from a largely hispanic multi-ethnic urban community.
when the two models were combined , the correlation between metabolic syndrome and cognition was @number@
among the metabolic syndrome components , only blood pressure uniquely predicted all four cognitive domains.
after adjusting for sociodemographic and vascular risk factors , blood pressure was the strongest correlate of cognitive performance.
findings suggest mets , and in particular blood pressure , may represent markers of vascular or neurodegenerative damage in aging populations.
the study was undertaken to identify functional sorl1 mutations in patients with load.
methods : this was a family- and cohort-based genetic association study.
prioritized coding variants in sorl1 were detected by targeted resequencing and validated by genotyping in additional family members and unrelated healthy controls.
results : seventeen coding exonic variants were significantly associated with disease.
understanding the factors contributing to tumor initiation , progression and evolution is of paramount significance.
recent development in the field further uncovered the utility of anti-wip1-directed therapies in delaying tumor onset or in reducing the tumor burden.
furthermore , wip1 could be an important factor that contributes to tumor heterogeneity , suggesting that its inhibition may decrease the rate of cancer evolution.
these effects depend on several signaling pathways modulated by wip1 phosphatase in a spatial and temporal manner.
in this review we discuss the recent development in understanding how wip1 contributes to tumorigenesis with its relevance to breast cancer.
background : advanced age is the most important risk factor for atrial fibrillation ( af ) ; however , the mechanism remains unknown.
telomeres , regions of dna that shorten with cell division , are considered reliable markers of biological aging.
to further explore our findings , we compared atrial cell telomere length and ltl in cardiac surgery patients.
among the surgical patients , within subject comparison of atrial cell telomere length versus ltl was assessed.
chronological aging independent of biological markers of aging is the primary risk factor for af.
in virtuo exposure has proven to be efficient to treat anxiety in working-age people.
in virtuo exposure could be employed to improve the efficacy of cbt with exposure sessions in the treatment of late-life anxiety ?
the current paper explores this question and suggests new research avenues.
associative memory is essential to everyday activities , such as the binding of faces and corresponding names to form single bits of information.
however , this ability often becomes impaired with increasing age.
further , increased activation in precentral regions in all older adults indicated a stronger involvement of the task positive network ( tpn ) with age.
in elderly controls , this went hand-in-hand with a stronger activation of striatal areas.
we sought to generate data to facilitate forensic facial comparisons.
specifically , we conducted a longitudinal study of alterations in face shape induced by aging.
we obtained two three-dimensional facial shape measurements in @number@ japanese males at intervals of approximately @number@ years.
with this data , we created a homologous model consisting of @number@ data points for each face based on @number@ anatomical landmarks.
using our predictive model , we conducted a preliminary study focused on facial shape alterations induced by reductions in body weight.
our findings indicated that our proposed method would also be valid for this purpose.
background and objectives : cross-sectional studies have found that low serum bicarbonate is associated with slower gait speed.
whether bicarbonate levels independently predict the development of functional limitation has not been previously studied.
serum bicarbonate was measured using arterialized venous blood gas.
mixed model linear regression was performed to assess the association of serum bicarbonate on change in gait speed over time.
compared with ≥26 meq / l , lower serum bicarbonate was associated with functional limitation.
there was not a significant interaction of bicarbonate with ckd.
in addition , bicarbonate was not significantly associated with change in gait speed.
conclusions : lower serum bicarbonate was associated with greater risk of incident , persistent functional limitation.
this association was present in individuals with and without ckd.
descriptives , t tests , and chi-square tests analyzed sexual orientation differences.
linear regression tested the effects of sexual orientation on the value of cmps.
sexual minorities ( sms ) were more likely to have non-kin-based social networks and reported higher levels of loneliness compared with heterosexuals.
heterosexuals , fewer of whom have non-kin-based networks , place a stronger value on access to a social network via cmps.
nutritional value is important for people of all sexual orientations.
sms traveled seven times the distance to attend cmps , highlighting the need for greater access to such sites.
lipofuscin pigment accumulation is among the most prominent markers of cellular aging in postmitotic cells.
the formation of lipofuscin is related to oxidative enzymatic activity and free radical-induced lipid peroxidation.
it is however , not known whether this characteristic of human purkinje cells is shared with other primates or other mammals.
this study reports results from histological observation of purkinje cells in humans , non-human primates , and other mammals.
procedures include histochemistry , immunocytochemistry , and fluorescence microscopy.
in contrast , lipofuscin deposition was observed in neurons of the dentate nucleus.
this observation is important when considering animal models of aging.
the study was irb approved and hipaa compliant with informed consent waived.
the effective dose ( ed ) was calculated using age-specific correction factors.
univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of radiation dose.
tube voltage , followed by tube current and the method of ecg-synchronization were the strongest independent predictors of radiation dose.
different emotion regulation strategies are distinctly represented in the brains of younger adults.
univariate analyses revealed equal pmc recruitment across strategies for older adults , but greater activity during distraction than reappraisal for younger adults.
population-level data on obesity are difficult to obtain.
claims-based data sets are useful for studying public health at a population level but lack physical measurements.
the claims-based diagnosis of obesity underestimates the true prevalence in the older medicare population with a low sensitivity ( @percent@ ) .
however , this method has a high specificity ( @percent@ ) and is accurate when it is present.
understanding the validity of a claims-based obesity diagnosis could aid researchers in understanding the feasibility of conducting research on obesity using claims data.
a single bout of acute exercise increases oxidative stress and stimulates a transient increase in antioxidant enzymes.
resistance to oxidative stress was measured by the f2-isoprostane response to forearm ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) trial.
baseline f2-isoprostane levels were significantly lower at irx compared to irc ( p < @number@ ) and not different between groups.
f2-isoprostane response to irx was significantly lower compared to irc in young ( p < @number@ ) but not different in the older group.
superoxide dismutase activity in response to acute exercise was significantly higher in young compared to older adults ( p < @number@ ) .
these data suggest that signal transduction of acute exercise may be impaired with aging.
repeated bouts of transient reactive oxygen species production as seen with regular exercise may be needed to increase resistance to oxidative stress in older individuals.
the number of older victims of domestic violence is expected to increase drastically in asia as many countries are experiencing rapid population aging.
in @number@ @percent@ of the population in asia were aged @number@ years and over.
this is expected to rise to @percent@ by @number@
background : slowed gait is an important health indicator in older adults but a single identifiable cause is often lacking.
we assessed whether a summary index measuring impairments across multiple physiologic systems was associated with slowed gait in older individuals.
participants with complete data on the physiologic index and at least two gait speed measures were included.
mean gait speed and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) by category of index were calculated using mixed effects models.
conclusions : greater impairment across five organ systems was associated with slower gait speed and greater declines in gait speed over @number@ years.
impairments accumulated over multiple physiologic systems may make older adults more vulnerable to slow gait speed.
sexuality is an important , yet often overlooked , aspect of successful aging.
a survey was mailed to community-dwelling older adults @number@ and older.
of @number@ respondents ( @percent@ ages @number@ to @number@ @percent@ male ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were sexually active.
a lower proportion of sexually active adults had urinary incontinence ( p = @number@ ) .
similar proportions of men and women were sexually active ( @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ; p = @number@ ) .
sexually active women had better sexual desire scores ( p < @number@ ) and more drank alcohol ( p = @number@ ) .
sexually active men had better mobility ( p = @number@ ) and erectile function ( p < @number@ ) .
fewer sexually active men had incontinence ( p < @number@ ) .
only alcohol use and no urinary incontinence were predictors unique to women and men , respectively.
health care providers must be aware of factors that may impact sexual health in older adults.
context : high vitamin d and physical activity ( pa ) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults.
design and setting : this was a 5-year prospective population-based study of australian community-dwelling older adults.
a subset of @number@ participants completed accelerometer assessments during follow-up.
main outcome measures : changes in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured.
among participants with accelerometer data , these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate / vigorous pa.
participants completed a baseline and then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for @number@ years.
weekday and weekend sleep onset and offset and weekend-weekday differences were derived from actigraphy.
phase angles were the time durations from dlmo to weekday sleep onset and offset times.
each cohort showed later sleep onset ( weekend and weekday ) , later weekend sleep offset , and later dlmo with age.
weekday sleep offset shifted earlier with age in the younger cohort and later in the older cohort after age @number@
weekend-weekday sleep offset differences increased with age in the younger cohort and decreased in the older cohort after age @number@
dlmo to sleep offset phase angle narrowed with age in the younger cohort and became broader in the older cohort.
individual differences were seen in these developmental trajectories.
phase angle changes are described as an interaction of developmental changes in sleep regulation interacting with psychosocial factors ( e.g. , bedtime autonomy ) .
given the impact of ageing on arterial wall structure , the pressure-dependence of pwv may vary with age.
we predicted the follow-up pwv decrease using modelled baseline curves and follow-up pressures.
we propose a number of clinically feasible approaches to account for the blood pressure effect on pwv measurements.
the monitoring of cancer survival by population-based cancer registries is a prerequisite to evaluate the current quality of cancer care.
period analysis was used to estimate relative survival for @number@ common and @number@ less common cancer sites for the period 2007-2010.
the german and the united states survival estimates were compared using the surveillance , epidemiology and end results @number@ database.
trends in cancer survival in germany between 2002-2004 and 2008-2010 were described.
five-year relative survival increased in germany from 2002-2004 to 2008-2010 for most cancer sites.
although survival estimates were much lower for elderly patients in both countries , differences in age patterns were observed for some cancer sites.
the survival differences across countries and the survival disadvantage in the elderly require further investigation.
ppvp diameter was divided into nasal length and temporal length based on the center of the fovea.
the proportion of temporal length to the entire horizontal diameter was calculated as temporal length / horizontal diameter of ppvp.
the association of age with the height and the proportion of temporal length to the entire horizontal diameter were evaluated in each group.
the two values were also compared between the two groups.
the height of ppvp at the fovea was @number@ ± @number@ µm in children and @number@ ± @number@ µm in adults.
the proportion of temporal length to the entire horizontal diameter was @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@
conclusion : the results suggest a progressive temporal extension of ppvp during childhood.
individuals with md-amci are found to exhibit higher risk of conversion to ad.
accurate discrimination among amci subtypes ( sd- or md-amci ) and controls could assist in predicting future decline.
methods : we apply our novel thickness network ( thicknet ) features to discriminate md-amci from healthy controls ( nc ) .
thicknet features are extracted from the properties of a graph constructed from inter-regional co-variation of cortical thickness.
we fuse these thicknet features using multiple kernel learning to form a composite classifier.
the same classifier resulted in auc = @number@ and @number@ for sd-amci / nc and sd-amci / md-amci classification experiments respectively.
use of the proposed novel thicknet features demonstrates significant improvements over previous experiments using cortical thickness alone.
this result may offer the possibility of early detection of alzheimer's disease via improved discrimination of amci subtypes.
dynamic contrast-enhanced mri ( dce-mri ) is a method for studying bbb disruption in vivo.
we review pathologies studied , scanning protocols and data analysis procedures to determine the range of available methods and their suitability to different pathologies.
the literature search provided @number@ studies that were eligible for inclusion , involving @number@ animals and @number@ human subjects in total.
the pathologies most studied are intracranial neoplasms and acute ischemic strokes.
there are large variations in the type of dce-mri sequence , the imaging protocols and the contrast agents used.
moreover , studies use a variety of different methods for data analysis , mainly based on model-free measurements and on the patlak and tofts models.
consequently , estimated k ( trans ) values varied widely.
background / aims : chronic urticaria ( cu ) is defined as itchy wheals lasting @number@ weeks or more.
as the aged population increases worldwide , it is essential to identify the specific features of this disease in the elderly population.
methods : we investigated the prevalence and clinical features of cu in elderly patients.
medical records of @number@ cu patients from the outpatient allergy clinic of ajou university hospital , korea were analyzed retrospectively.
patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria according to the eaaci / ga2len / edf / wao guidelines were included.
patients older than @number@ years were defined as elderly.
results : of the @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were elderly.
conclusions : elderly patients with cu had a higher prevalence of ad.
therefore , there is a need to recognize the existence of ad in elderly cu patients.
with the population and proportion of the elderly increasing each year , difficulties with postoperative treatment outcomes after osteoporotic hip fracture are increasing.
information from @number@ patients who lived either at home or in geriatric health service facilities was collected for this trial.
most patients were over @number@ years of age and female , and about half of them had dementia.
the postoperative adl score ( focusing on patients ' walking ability ) was significant for those living at home than for those living in facilities.
the adl scores for the two groups were compared.
the subjects were recruited from the general population.
adl was measured at a baseline and follow-up assessment , using sonn and åsberg's revised scale and the adl staircase.
falls were recorded in a period of @number@ months before the follow-up assessment.
results : thirteen percent of the study population reported one or several falls in the measured period.
the former group had advanced age with a greater burden of cognitive impairment , gait disability , arrhythmia , and fall risk medications.
the latter group had a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease and low walking speed.
conclusion : both deterioration and improvement in adl over the course of @number@ years increased the risk for falls in a general elderly population.
interventional efforts may require different strategies , as groups with different characteristics were at risk.
bruno vellas tells fiona fleck why governments must act now to help older people stay fit and healthy.
we supplemented these data with those of @number@ patients from the united states with clinically probable or possible msa.
seventeen common lrrk2 exonic variants were genotyped and assessed for association with msa.
conclusions : these findings provide evidence that lrrk2 exonic variants may contribute to susceptibility to msa.
validation in other series and meta-analytic studies will be important.
methods : this research was part of the progetto veneto anziani ( pro.v.a. ) , an italian population-based cohort study of @number@ elderly subjects.
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) levels were measured at the baseline.
analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders , including health and performance status.
conclusion : the results of our study support an independent association between low 25ohd levels and cognitive decline in elderly individuals.
in cognitively intact elderly subjects , 25ohd levels below @number@ nmol / l are already predictive of global cognitive dysfunction at @number@ years.
the transcription factor nf-e2 p45-related factor ( nrf2 ) induces the expression of cytoprotective proteins that maintain and restore redox homeostasis.
nrf2 levels and activity are tightly regulated , and three subcellular populations of the transcription factor have been identified.
during homeostasis , the majority of nrf2 is degraded in the cytoplasm by ubiquitin ( ub ) -mediated degradation.
a second population is transcriptionally active in the nucleus , and a third population localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane.
still unresolved are the mechanisms and factors that govern nrf2 distribution between its subcellular locales.
we show here that the ub-conjugating enzyme ube2e3 and its nuclear import receptor importin @number@ ( imp-11 ) regulate nrf2 distribution and activity.
knockdown of ube2e3 reduces nuclear nrf2 , decreases nrf2 target gene expression , and relocalizes the transcription factor to a perinuclear cluster of mitochondria.
evidence to date indicates that cancer risk may be mediated via genetic or epigenetic effects on hnf1b gene expression.
haplotype analysis and conditional analyses provide no evidence of further independent endometrial cancer risk variants at this locus.
snp rs11263763 genotype was associated with hnf1b mrna expression but not with hnf1b methylation in endometrial tumor samples from the cancer genome atlas.
genetic analyses prioritized rs11263763 and four other snps in high-to-moderate linkage disequilibrium as the most likely causal snps.
three of these snps map to the extended hnf1b promoter based on chromatin marks extending from the minimal promoter region.
initial results from sequencing studies suggest that there are relatively few low-frequency ( < 5% ) variants associated with large effects on common phenotypes.
very few ( @number@ of @number@ @percent@ ) common variant associations were fully explained by low-frequency variants.
background : suicidal ideation is a public health issue that has a significant impact at the individual , family , community , and societal levels.
this study aimed to examine the association between filial piety and suicidal ideation among u.s. chinese older adults.
independent variables were expectations and receipt of filial piety from the older adult's perspective.
dependent variables were suicidal ideation in the last @number@ weeks and last @number@ months.
logistic regression analyses were performed.
results : of the @number@ participants interviewed , @percent@ were female and the mean age was @number@ years.
discussion : this study suggests that filial piety receipt is an important risk factor for suicidal ideation among u.s. chinese older adults.
future longitudinal studies are needed to quantify the temporal association between filial piety and suicidal ideation.
this study assesses social engagement patterns among u.s. chinese older adults.
social engagement patterns were examined with a list of @number@ social engagement activity related questions.
analysis of variance and pearson or spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine correlations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and social engagement.
results : age was negatively associated with social engagement actives for chinese older adults.
although education had a significant positive correlation on older adults ' participation in social engagement activities , income did not show any significant correlation.
perceived health status and quality of life were also positively correlated with social engagement.
chinese older adults were more likely to visit community centers than any other social or cultural venues.
conclusions : this study highlights the important role community centers play in the lives of chinese older adults.
further , longitudinal studies are also necessary to understand the predictors and outcomes of social engagement levels among chinese older adults.
background : elder mistreatment ( em ) is a pervasive public health issue and is associated with morbidity and premature mortality.
this study aimed to examine how the prevalence of em and its subtypes vary using different definitions among u.s. chinese older adults.
participants answered questions regarding psychological , physical , and sexual abuse , caregiver neglect , and financial exploitation.
definitional approaches for em and its subtypes were constructed from least restrictive to most restrictive.
overall , em varied from @percent@ to @percent@ , depending on the defining criteria.
conclusions : elder mistreatment is prevalent among u.s. chinese older adults regardless of the definitional criteria.
sociodemographic characteristics associated with em did not differ by definitional criteria.
future longitudinal studies are needed to quantify the risk and protective factors associated with em in chinese aging populations.
background : this study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders and any anxiety symptoms among community-dwelling u.s. chinese older adults.
results : of @number@ older adults surveyed , @percent@ had anxiety disorders and @percent@ reported having any anxiety symptoms.
living with fewer people and having fewer children were only correlated with any anxiety symptoms and lower income was only correlated with anxiety disorders.
further longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand risk factors and outcomes associated with anxiety among u.s. chinese older adults.
background : lower levels of health literacy have been associated with adverse health outcomes , especially for older adults.
however , limited research has been conducted to understand health literacy levels among chinese american older adults.
methods : the pine study is an epidemiological cohort of @number@ community-dwelling chinese older adults , @percent@ of whom do not speak or read english.
kruskal-wallis test and chi-square statistics were used to identify significant differences by sociodemographic and self-reported health characteristics.
pearson and spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine correlations between personal characteristics and health literacy level.
health literacy was positively associated with education , marriage status , and number of people living with.
health literary was not associated with self-reported health status or quality of life.
conclusions : in this chicago chinese population , older adults had reasonable levels of health literacy in chinese.
future longitudinal research is needed to understand risk / protective factors associated with health literacy level in chinese older adults.
background : trust in physicians influences the health and well-being of older adults and is an important indicator to assess the quality of medical care.
however , asian aging populations are often underrepresented in studies of patient trust in physicians.
this study aims to examine the level of trust in physicians among chinese older adults in a community-dwelling chinese aging population.
guided by a community-based participatory research approach , a total of @number@ chinese older adults aged @number@ and above were surveyed.
an 11-item scale was used to measure participants ' trust in physicians.
conclusions : trust in physician is commonly endorsed among u.s. chinese older adults.
background : cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms influence health and well-being among older adults.
however , minority aging populations are often underrepresented in most studies on cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms.
this study aims to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms among u.s. chinese older adults.
guided by a community-based participatory research approach , a total of @number@ chinese older adults aged @number@ and above were surveyed.
clinical review of systems was used to assess participants ' perceptions of their cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms.
results : cardiovascular symptoms ( @percent@ ) and pulmonary symptoms ( @percent@ ) were commonly experienced by u.s. chinese older adults.
methods : the population study of chinese elderly in chicago enrolled an epidemiological cohort of @number@ community-dwelling chinese older adults aged @number@ and older.
participants were also asked to perform tasks in chair stand , tandem stand , and timed walk.
we computed pearson and spearman correlation coefficients to examine the correlation between sociodemographic and physical function variables.
results : a total of @percent@ of study participants experienced activities of daily living impairment , and @percent@ experienced instrumental activities of daily living impairment.
results : of the @number@ participants interviewed , @percent@ were female and the mean age was @number@ years.
various sociodemographic and health-related characteristics were correlated with medical conditions.
conclusion : medical conditions were common among u.s. chinese older adults , yet screening and treatment rates were fairly low.
future longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand the risk and protective factors associated with medical conditions.
in this article , we present research design , study findings , and important implications for researchers , community gatekeepers , and health care professionals.
the anti-aging protein klotho is a type @number@ membrane protein produced predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule.
the ectodomain of klotho is cleaved and secreted into the urine to regulate several ion channels and transporters.
because trpv5 and klotho coexpress in the distal convoluted tubule , we investigated whether klotho regulates trpv5 action from inside the cell.
whole-cell trpv5-mediated channel activity was recorded in hek cells coexpressing trpv5 and skl or membranous klotho ( mkl ) .
transfection of skl , but not mkl , produced detectable klotho protein in cell culture media.
as for skl , mkl increased trpv5 current density.
mechanistically , coexpression with a dominant-negative dynamin ii prevented the regulation of trpv5 by skl but not by mkl.
in contrast , blocking forward trafficking by brefeldin a prevented the effect with mkl but not with skl.
therefore , klotho up-regulates trpv5 from both the inside and outside of cells.
both effects involve putative klotho sialidase activity.
these effects of klotho may play important roles regarding calcium reabsorption in the kidney.
as the population ages , police increasingly serve as first responders to incidents involving older adults in which aging-related health plays a critical role.
this was a mixed-methods study of @number@ san francisco police officers recruited from mandatory police trainings between @number@ and @number@
eighty-nine percent of officers reported interacting with older adults at least monthly.
although @percent@ of police reported prior training in working with older adults , only @percent@ rated themselves as knowledgeable about aging-related health.
they also called for enhanced communication and collaboration between police and clinicians.
background : researchers have been examining the relationship between obesity and hypertension.
however , whether overall or abdominal obesity better explains senior adults ' hypertension has not been studied.
methods : the study was based on the @number@ national physique monitoring data.
there were @number@ senior adults aged 60-69 years living in urban , suburban , and rural areas of shanghai city.
the participants were categorized into five age groups : 60-61 , 62-63 , 64-65 , 66-67 , and 68-69 years.
results : the percentage of participants who had hypertension increased as people aged , which was mainly caused by the increase of systolic blood pressure.
the values of odds ratios were found to decrease from the 60-61 to 68-69 years age groups.
more senior adults have hypertension as they age.
conclusion : body mass index , and not waist circumference , better predicts chinese senior adults ' hypertension.
however , age attenuates the effects of obesity on hypertension as the senior adults continue to age.
emerging evidence suggests that oxidative / nitrosative stress , as occurs during aging , contributes to the pathogenesis of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
in contrast , detoxification of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can protect neurons.
however , mechanistic details delineating how dj-1 regulates pten activity remain unknown.
moreover , we detect sno-pten in human brains with sporadic pd.
importantly , s-nitrosylation of pten decreases its phosphatase activity , thus promoting cell survival.
these findings provide mechanistic insight into the neuroprotective role of sno-dj-1 by elucidating how dj-1 detoxifies no via transnitrosylation to pten.
data for the study come from the finnish longitudinal study of municipal employees ( flame ) .
people with a high number of stress symptoms in @number@ and @number@ were categorized as having constant stress.
the number of self-reported mobility limitations was computed based on an eight-item list of mobility tasks presented to the participants in @number@ @number@ and @number@
data were analyzed using joint poisson regression models.
a less pronounced risk increase ( 20-40 % ) was observed for persons with occasional symptoms.
the study suggests that effective interventions aiming to reduce work-related stress should focus on both primary and secondary prevention.
translation of preclinical treatments for ischaemia-reperfusion injury into clinical therapies has been limited by a number of factors.
factors that have limited the clinical translation of protection will be considered specifically in terms of signalling and structural defects.
the potential of caveolin to overcome barriers to protection with the ultimate hope of clinical translation will be discussed.
pachydermoperiostosis is a rare syndrome that hinders patients ' quality of life thru its aesthetics manifestations and functional obstacles.
many techniques for addressing and correcting aesthetic defects associated with pachydermoperiostosis have been introduced , including facelift surgery.
only randomised controlled trials examining the effects of cmi for older people were included.
the primary outcome measure was falls ; the secondary outcome measures included gait , balance function and reaction time.
conclusion : the systematic review demonstrates that cmi is effective for preventing falls in older adults in the short term.
however , there is , as yet , little evidence to support claims regarding long-term benefits.
hence , future studies should investigate the long-term effectiveness of cmi in terms of fall prevention in older adults.
follow-up included @number@ of the baseline sample.
methods : socio-demographic variables , height and weight , and self-reported diagnosed diseases were recorded at baseline.
seven-day accelerometry was used to assess total physical activity , moderate-to-vigorous activity and sedentary time.
a log recorded trips from home.
lower limb function was assessed using the short physical performance battery.
medical records were accessed on average @number@ months post baseline , when new diseases and deaths were recorded.
regression models were constructed to assess the prospective associations between physical activity and function with mortality and new disease.
our objective was to estimate the effect of overweight and obesity on the use and cost of allied health services among middle-aged and older people.
participants were asked about a range of allied health services including dietetic services , public health nurse visits , chiropody and home help.
adjusted seemingly unrelated biprobit models were used to account for unobserved heterogeneity associated with the use of services.
results : among @number@ participants , @percent@ ( @percent@ ci = 76-79% ) were overweight or obese ( n = @number@ ) .
all classes of obesity were significantly associated with higher general practitioner service use ( p < @number@ ) .
moderate and severe obesity were significantly associated with chiropody service use ( p < @number@ ) with an estimated annual cost of €919 , 662.
morbid obesity was associated with dietetic service use ( p < @number@ ) with an annual cost of €580 , 013.
conclusion : given these costs and improvements in life expectancy , an increasingly obese older population presents new challenges for healthcare delivery.
background : improving health care quality requires effective and timely spread of innovations that support evidence-based practices.
however , there is limited rigorous research on the process of spread , factors influencing spread , and models of spread.
the purpose of this study was to understand how best practices related to older adults are spread within home care organizations.
open , axial , and selective coding and constant comparison analysis were used.
results : a model of the process of spread of best practices within home care organizations was developed.
project leads , champions , managers , and steering committees played vital roles in leading the spread process.
strategies such as educating / coaching and evaluating and feedback were key to sustaining the change.
spread occurred within the home care context of high staff and manager turnover and time and resource constraints.
further research will help to understand how best practices are spread externally to other organizations.
the role of stimulants for treating severe depression remains controversial , especially when it comes to bipolar depression.
potential benefits have to be weighed against risks , including addictive potential and treatment-emergent mania.
but not all stimulants are the same.
a recent hypothesis derived from the observation of hypovigilance in manic patients postulates that modafinil may also have a beneficial effect in reducing manic behaviors.
further controlled studies are needed to clarify the benefits and risks of stimulants , both in bipolar depression and mania.
purpose of review : with the overwhelming success of combination antiretroviral therapy , hiv infection is now a chronic , but manageable , medical condition.
consequently , hiv-infected cohorts are ageing leading to new challenges in the life-long management of this condition.
here , we review recent data concerning the modern treatment of older hiv-infected adults.
there is emerging evidence of increased antiretroviral drug exposure in older individuals , but the evidence this leads to increased toxicity is less clear-cut.
specific recommendations regarding antiretroviral treatment of older hiv-infected individuals are lacking and prospective trials in older age groups are urgently needed.
summary : the use of antiretroviral therapies in older individuals is complex.
development of novel antiretrovirals and antiretroviral combinations with a low propensity for toxicity , drug-drug interactions and reliable pharmacology regardless of age is urgently needed.
this paper starts from a care ethical perspective on care and reports on a phenomenological study into older patients ' experiences of hospitalisation.
the qualitative observational method of shadowing was used.
ten patients of @number@ years old or older were shadowed from admission until discharge.
the reflective lifeworld approach , based on phenomenological philosophy , was used to analyse the collected data.
for the older patients included in the study , the essential meaning of hospitalisation can be described as feeling an outsider left in uncertainty.
feeling constrained reveals the feelings brought on by the ageing body which are emphasised by hospitalisation but often neglected by hospital staff.
the failure of healthcare professionals to recognise and respond to who older patients are aside from their illness exacerbate the experience of disruptions.
to improve care , hospital staff must be more sensitive to older patients ' uncertainties.
objective : data on peripheral artery disease in africa are sparse and limited to urban areas.
demographic , clinical and biological data were collected.
ankle-brachial index ≤0.90 defined peripheral artery disease.
regular alcohol drinking was associated with decreased risk of peripheral artery disease ( or : @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the prevalence of peripheral artery disease in the elderly is high in africa , especially in females.
in roc , with a higher urban-rural socio-economic gradient , peripheral artery disease is more frequent in the urban areas.
objective : to assess the effect of combined hypertension ( ht ) and aging on left atrial ( la ) size and phasic function.
subjects were divided into @number@ groups according to age ( 41-59 , 60-69 and ≥ @number@ years ) and further into ht and non-ht sub-groups.
conclusions : aging along does not lead to la enlargement in subects , but it does when combined ht.
there is synergistic effect of ht and aging on la volume and phasic function.
objective : hearing loss associated with aging is common among elderly persons.
the mitochondrial 12s rrna is a hot spot for deafness-associated mutations in chinese populations.
the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship of 12s rrna gene polymorphisms and age-related hearing loss.
methods : the 12s rrna gene polymorphisms were detected by direct sequencing.
statistical analyses were performed to assess the associations between age-related hearing loss and 12s rrna gene variants.
mutational screening of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene identified @number@ nucleotide changes , including @number@ mutations localized at highly conserved sites and @number@ known variants.
the incidence of the other known variants was @number@.15-99.85%.
we found statistically significant differences in the proportions of subjects with the a827g mutation among the various age-related hearing loss groups and normal controls.
the prevalence of low testosterone level is particularly high among patients with end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) and has been associated with mortality.
however , there is controversy regarding what constitutes low testosterone level in the aging population and at what level replacement therapy with testosterone is indicated.
there are no randomized controlled trials investigating long-term outcomes of testosterone replacement therapy in populations with or without esrd.
available trial results suggest equivocal improvements in sexual function.
some recent data suggest harm when testosterone was given to men with limited mobility.
finally , there is little evidence that testosterone adds to existing erythropoietin agents in the treatment of anemia in esrd.
we calculated concordance correlation coefficients ( ccc ) and created bland-altman plots to evaluate the relationship between the two course distances.
results : average walking speed was faster for the 6-m course and the second trial of each course.
there was high concordance between the first and second trials for both the 3-m and 6-m courses.
discussion : the 3- and 6-m courses had excellent test-retest reliability and faster walking speed in later than earlier trials.
objectives : to examine the association between life-space mobility and different dimensions of depressive symptoms among older community-dwelling people.
methods : cross-sectional analyses of baseline data of the ' life-space mobility in old age ' cohort study were carried out.
the participants were community-dwelling women and men aged 75-90 years ( n = @number@ ) .
data were gathered via structured interviews in participants ' home.
results : poorer life-space mobility was associated with higher prevalence of different dimensions of depressive symptoms.
the associations were partially mediated through walking difficulties , health and the sense of autonomy in participation outdoor activities.
conclusion : poorer life-space mobility interrelates with higher probability for depressive symptoms , thus compromising older adults ' mental wellbeing.
a focus on older adults ' life-space mobility may assist early identification of persons , who have elevated risk for depressive symptoms.
the association between life-space mobility and depressive symptoms should be studied further utilizing longitudinal study designs to examine temporality and potential causality.
pain types were measured using the intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain ( icoap ) scale.
high baseline intermittent knee pain predicted poor koos-fsr at year @number@ ( b = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
increased constant pain was related to decreased chair stand test performance over @number@ years in women ( b = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
intermittent and constant knee pain were independent factors in self-perceived physical function and were important predictors of future limitations in physical function.
identifying intermittent and constant pain in early symptomatic oa may allow patients to adopt strategies to prevent worsening pain and future declines in physical function.
methods : participants received clinical evaluations including physical measurements , demographic and lifestyle questionnaires , physical and neurologic examinations , and neuropsychological testing.
urine and blood samples were collected , aliquoted , and stored.
dna was extracted for apolipoprotein ( apoe ) genotyping.
diagnoses of dementia and mci were made using standard criteria via consensus diagnosis.
results : among @number@ participants aged ≥60 , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were men.
the most common chronic disease of participants was hypertension ( @percent@ ) .
the frequencies of apoe-​ε2 , ε3 and ε4 were @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
we diagnosed @number@ ( @percent@ , @percent@ ci @number@.3-5.8% ) participants with dementia.
the prevalence rates of alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia were @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.0-4.3% ) and @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.5-1.1% ) .
executive function ( ef ) and cognitive processing speed ( cps ) are two cognitive performance domains that decline with advanced age.
reduced ef and cps are known to correlate with age-related frontal-lobe volume loss.
however , it remains unclear whether white matter microstructure in these regions is associated with age-related decline in ef and / or cps.
results revealed that parietal and occipital fbls explained a significant portion of variance in ef.
frontal , temporal , and occipital fbls explained a significant portion of variance in cps.
shorter occipital fbls were associated with poorer performance on the ef tests tmt-b and cwit @number@
shorter frontal , parietal , and occipital fbls were associated with poorer performance on l-n seq and symbol coding.
shorter frontal and temporal fbls were associated with lower performance on cps tests tmt-a and cwit @number@
shorter fbls were also associated with increased age.
results suggest an age-related fbl shortening in specific brain regions related to poorer ef and cps performance among older adults.
overall , results support both the frontal aging hypothesis and processing speed theory , suggesting that each mechanism is contributing to age-related cognitive decline.
this study proposes an approach whereby structural and connectomic information can be combined to estimate pba as an early biomarker of brain aging.
objective : osteocalcin is a well-known marker of bone formation.
recently , mice lacking osteocalcin or its receptor were reported to be subfertile with low testosterone and high luteinizing hormone concentrations.
in parallel , in humans , a loss-of-function mutation of the osteocalcin receptor was associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.
this suggests that osteocalcin is necessary for normal pituitary-gonadal axis function.
our objective was to determine the association between physiological variations in osteocalcin and the pituitary-gonadal axis in older men.
data were analysed using linear regression analyses and adjusted for age , bmi , 25-hydroxyvitamin d , parathyroid hormone and vitamin k antagonist use.
results : a total of @number@ men participated in the study.
the median age was 75·4 ( 69·8-81·2 ) years , and the median osteocalcin level was 1·8 ( 1·3-2·4 ) nmol / l.
conclusions : serum osteocalcin was negatively associated with free and bioavailable testosterone and positively with luteinizing hormone levels.
evidence from perceptually based implicit memory tasks demonstrates greater priming from distracting information among older compared with younger adults.
we examined whether older adults also show greater conceptually based implicit priming from distracting information.
younger adults showed no priming from the distracting information in either experiment , whereas older adults showed reliable priming in both experiments.
data were collected via surveys , telephone , and personal-interviews in four major australian cities.
among other things , the study revealed that greek identity and cultural customs are often significant to first generation gis.
financial concerns , aging , and nostalgia for relatives and the motherland were the primary causes of socio-emotional instability.
future research needs in the field are also highlighted.
patients and methods : subjects aged @number@ years and older underwent cirrus oct scanning.
ra measurements were generated for the @number@ × @number@ mm ( @number@ ) retinal area.
gender , age , smoking status , and systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) were considered.
results : a total of @number@ eyes were included.
ra was larger in women ( @number@.63±0.16 vs @number@.26±0.08 mm ( @number@ ) , p = 0.05 ) and with increasing age.
there was a high correlation between the eyes of the same subject.
conclusion : oct-based automated algorithms can be used to analyze and describe drusen and geographic atrophy burden in such population-based studies of elderly patients.
obesity appears to be such a promoting factor and has been linked in several studies to sarcopenia.
the reason for this causal association remains poorly understood.
paracrine mechanisms and inflammatory cytokines , such as crp and il-6 could be confounders of the actual underlying pathological mechanism.
obesity induces insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle , which consequently leads to perturbed metabolism , and misrouted signaling in the muscle cells.
the present review outlines current knowledge concerning possible pathways , which might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity.
amyloid plaques , the hallmark of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , contain fibrillar β-amyloid ( aβ ) 1-40 and 1-42 peptides.
herpes simplex virus @number@ ( hsv-1 ) has been implicated as a risk factor for ad and found to co-localize within amyloid plaques.
aβ 1-40 and aβ 1-42 display anti-bacterial , anti-yeast and anti-viral activities.
here , fibroblast , epithelial and neuronal cell lines were exposed to aβ 1-40 or aβ 1-42 and challenged with hsv-1.
in contrast , aβ 1-40 and aβ 1-42 did not prevent replication of the non-enveloped human adenovirus.
in comparison , antimicrobial peptide ll-37 prevented hsv-1 infection independently of its sequence of addition.
our findings showed also that aβ 1-40 and aβ 1-42 acted directly on hsv-1 in a cell-free system and prevented viral entry into cells.
our data suggest that aβ peptides represent a novel class of antimicrobial peptides that protect against neurotropic enveloped virus infections such as hsv-1.
background : tobacco smoking may cause skin aging through mast cell proteinases.
objective : to compare the numbers of mast cells showing tryptase and chymase in the healthy-looking skin of smokers and non-smokers.
methods : the study subjects consisted of @number@ males , @number@ of whom were smokers and @number@ non-smokers.
no significant difference was observed in alpha-1-pi ( + ) and alpha-1-ac ( + ) cells.
conclusion : especially tryptase , but probably also chymase , may have an influence on the skin of smokers , such as wrinkling and aging.
because patient age was highly correlated with several other variables , the analysis was stratified by age ( < 45 vs. ≥45 years ) .
these findings could help prioritize preventive health programs offered by employers at their worksite health centers.
given the aging of the us workforce , keeping older workers healthy and productive will be crucial to remaining competitive in the global economy.
( population health management @number@ @time@ @number@ ) .
background : population aging is closely related to high prevalence of chronic conditions in developed countries.
in this context , health care policies aim to increase life span cost-effectively while maintaining quality of life and functional ability.
there is still , however , a need for further understanding of how chronic conditions affect these health aspects.
methods : cross-sectional data were collected from the courage study.
a total of @number@ participants over @number@ years old from spain were included.
separate models were used to assess the influence of the number of diseases on the same variables.
additional analogous regressions were performed for males and females.
results : all chronic conditions except hypertension were statistically associated with poor results in quality of life and disability.
depression , anxiety and stroke were found to have the greatest impact on outcomes.
in general , women suffered from higher rates of multimorbidity and poorer results in quality of life and disability.
conclusions : chronic conditions impact greatly on quality of life and disability in the older spanish population , especially when co-occurring diseases are added.
multimorbidity considerations should be a priority in the development of future health policies focused on quality of life and disability.
further studies would benefit from an expanded selection of diseases.
policies should also deal with gender idiosyncrasy in certain cases.
the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the life review program-taiwan ( lrp-tw ) on outpatients with mild to moderate dementia.
ten individuals were selected through purposive sampling and tested using a single group pretest-posttest design.
the total scores and three subtests of the lotca-g revealed significant differences after the intervention.
affective function remained stable through the experiment.
the lrp-tw may offer a clinical intervention program for supporting cognitive and mental performance in individuals with dementia.
detection of dysfunctional and apoptotic cells plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and therapy.
normal red blood cells ( rbcs ) and lysed rbcs ( dysfunctional cells ) are used as model cells.
the peg-patterned surfaces are also applicable to detect apoptotic hela cells.
the simplicity and easy handling of the described technique shows the potential application in microdiagnostic devices.
a novel cyclic prodrug of s-allyl-glutathione ( cp11 ) , obtained by using an acyloxy-alkoxy linker , was estimated for its pharmacokinetic and biological properties.
the stability of cp11 was evaluated at ph @number@ @number@ in simulated fluids with different concentrations of enzymes , and in human plasma.
the anti-inflammatory ability of cp11 was assessed in u937 cells , an immortalized human monocyte cell line.
results showed that cp11 is stable at acidic ph showing a possible advantage for oral delivery due to the longer permanence in the stomach.
having a permeability coefficient of @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) cm s ( @number@ ) , it was classified as discrete bbb-permeable compound.
these results suggest that the pkc pathway and pdgfr / egfr transactivation pathway play important roles in hca2-mediated akt activation.
further investigation indicated that pi3k and the gβγ subunit were likely to play an essential role in hca2-induced akt activation.
moreover , immunobloting analyses using an antibody that recognizes p70s6k1 phosphorylated at thr389 showed that niacin evoked p70s6k1 activation via the pi3k / akt pathway.
the results of our study provide new insight into the signaling pathways involved in hca2 activation.
age is a key component of fitness , affecting survival and reproductive capacities.
we followed the design approach of other morphometric tools , expanding it to create a user-friendly guide ( divided into six age groupings ) .
this was similar to the intrinsic aging ability of our best field observer ( @percent@ ) .
we conclude that novel approaches for estimating age , not only morphometric criteria , must be pursued.
the nervous system , once exposed , has a limited capacity of self-repair.
neurodegeneration refers to the phenomenon of the structural and functional loss of neurons and the rate of which is accelerated by aging.
recent studies identified the blood brain barrier as hotspot of damage due to neurodegeneration.
depending on the location and severity of damage , the neurons succumb to death through the apoptotic , autophagic and necrotic pathways.
matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) , a family of zn ( 2 + ) dependent endopeptidases play an important role in those neurodegenerative disorders.
recent studies implicated the role of mmps in acute neuroinflammatory damage as well as in chronic neurodegeneration.
the critical function of individual mmps in tissue repair is also very important.
mmps serve important functions in the central nervous system ( cns ) during growth and development.
besides , mmps are important in neuronal damage in acute and chronic conditions as well as repair processes.
studies reveal that mmps and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ( timps ) play pivotal roles in pathogenesis and recovery of neurons.
the expression and activities of mmps are regulated by signaling molecules , timps , cell surface receptors and transcription factors.
in this review , we attempt to elucidate the role of mmps in neurodegeneration and their functional mechanism in repairing the cns.
we also provide information for the therapeutics in neuronal disorder in the perspective of mmp regulation.
axonal transport is essential for neuronal function , and many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases result from mutations in the axonal transport machinery.
anterograde transport supplies distal axons with newly synthesized proteins and lipids , including synaptic components required to maintain presynaptic activity.
retrograde transport is required to maintain homeostasis by removing aging proteins and organelles from the distal axon for degradation and recycling of components.
retrograde axonal transport also plays a major role in neurotrophic and injury response signaling.
this review provides an overview of axonal transport pathways and discusses their role in neuronal function.
design : cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households with children living in low-income diverse communities.
setting : a telephone survey conducted in 2009-2010 collected information on parental perceptions of their neighbourhoods , and household , parent and child demographic characteristics.
parents provided measured height and weight data for their children.
geocoded data were used to calculate proximity of a child's residence to food and physical activity outlets.
subjects : analysis based on @number@ children whose parents participated in the survey and provided measured heights and weights.
layers of the sem representing food and physical activity environments made smaller , but still significant , contributions to predicting children's weight status.
method : a cross-sectional study was conducted.
physical activity was measured using a validated questionnaire.
results : the interaction between erythrocyte epa , but not dha , and increased physical activity was associated with increased odds of a non-mci classification.
conclusion : an interaction between physical activity and erythrocyte epa content ( percentage of fatty acids ) significantly predicted mci status in older adults.
to facilitate the development of such guidelines , this paper provides an overview of the literature on sensory features in autism spectrum disorder.
the paper concludes with recommendations for clinical assessment of sensory features in autism.
outstanding skills , including special isolated skills ( sis ) and perceptual peaks ( pp ) are frequent features of autism.
however , their reported prevalence varies between studies and their co-occurrence is unknown.
the prevalence of sis among autistic individuals was @percent@ and that of pp was @percent@ ( @percent@ in controls ) .
the prevalence of sis increased with intelligence and age.
the existence of an sis in a particular modality was not associated with the presence of a pp in the same modality.
this suggests that talents involve an experience-dependent component in addition to genetically defined alterations of perceptual encoding.
background : caregivers play a major role in the care of patients with dementia and are themselves at higher risk of disease.
methods : the study population was chosen from outpatients with progressive cognitive complaint.
the caregiver burden was measured with the short version of the zarit burden interview ( zbi ) .
no relationship between height and cognition was found for females.
ethical approval was granted for an online survey.
researchers were recruited via listservs and snowballing techniques.
participants included @number@ persons ( @percent@ female ) from australia and the united states , with a mean age of @number@ ( ±13 ) .
six main issues were encountered by researchers who participated in this survey.
an inductive content analysis of responses revealed a range of encounters with ethical review panels spanning positive , negative , and neutral experiences.
positive interactions with the committees reinforced researchers ' need to carefully construct their research approaches with persons with dementia in particular.
our whole-brain analysis revealed significant age-related declines in wm integrity , which were more widespread in high relative to low ad risk participants.
in support of our hypothesis , we also observed that lower wm integrity was associated with poorer cognitive-motor performance.
these results are the first to demonstrate a relationship between ad-related wm alterations and impaired cognitive-motor control.
the application of these findings may provide a novel clinical strategy for the early detection of individuals at increased ad risk.
objectives : services provided to older people should be developed based on active ageing policies.
nutrition is one aspect of active ageing , but little is known about how food activities contribute to psychological well-being in later life.
academic search premier , medline , cinahl plus , and psycinfo databases were searched.
results : we initially identified @number@ articles , of which @number@ full-text articles were screened for inclusion.
twenty-two articles were included in the review.
these changes threatened identities.
most studies included both younger adults and older adults.
conclusion : in later life , there are many life experiences leading to change.
further research is needed to develop understanding of how identity and mental well-being are maintained , despite changes in everyday activities like cooking and eating.
this may enable health care professionals to meet psychological needs alongside biological needs during nutritional interventions.
cognitive processing speed , hearing acuity , and audio-visual ( av ) experience have been suggested to influence av asynchrony detection.
in addition , international guidelines and recommendations for pain management have been collated , and important developing research areas are highlighted.
pain is , in general , under-recognized and undertreated in people with dementia and may therefore trigger or exacerbate neuropsychiatric symptoms.
in patients with dementia , vocalizations , facial expressions and body movements may be the only valid expressions of pain.
further , pain has been related to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of agitation , aggression , mood syndrome and sleep problems.
unfortunately , health personnel may misinterpret these symptoms as neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.
a differential assessment of dementia , its presenting neuropsychiatric symptoms and the potential presence of pain is crucial to provide the correct treatment.
to date , there have been few studies , with inconsistent findings on the association between pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
neuropathic pain ( nep ) is a significant medical and socioeconomic burden with limited therapeutic options.
there are controlled trials and a growing body of open-label reports on their use in clinical care.
some studies provide a post hoc analysis of data in relation to older age ( ≥65 years ) , which is useful.
the body of evidence relating to topical investigational agents is growing and involves controlled trials as well as individual cases.
other large trials involve topical clonidine and further ketamine combinations.
participants responded to a postal enquiry and underwent femoral bmd densitometry in @number@ ( baseline ) and @number@ ( follow-up ) .
during the follow-up , their life satisfaction was repeatedly measured using a four-item scale.
self-reported data on health , life-style , and medication were used to adjust the multivariate linear regression models.
these effects were independent of each other.
since the population is aging , the prevalence of these conditions will probably increase considerably and require more resources.
telemedicine provides potential for more effective care management of leg and foot ulcers.
we considered randomized controlled trials , non-randomized trials , controlled before-after studies and prospective cohort studies for inclusion and selected studies according to predefined criteria.
three reviewers independently assessed the included studies using the cochrane collaboration risk-of-bias tool.
results : only one non-randomized study was included.
there were no statistically significant differences in results of the different outcomes between patients receiving telemedicine and traditional follow-up.
we assessed the study to have a high risk of bias.
conclusions : there is insufficient evidence available to unambiguously determine whether telemedicine consultation of leg and foot ulcers is as effective as traditional follow-up.
background : for nursing home patients , hospice use and associated costs have grown dramatically.
objective : our aim was to describe characteristics and utilization of hospice among nursing home and non-nursing home patients.
main measures : differences in demographics , hospice diagnoses and length of stay , utilization and costs are presented with descriptive statistics.
crossover and near-transition hospice patients had higher costs to medicare compared to other groups ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : dichotomizing hospice users only into nursing home vs. non-nursing home patients is difficult , due to transitions across settings.
hospice patients with transitions accrue higher costs.
as current ra treatment guidelines strongly emphasize early and aggressive treatment aiming at fast remission , optimal measurement of inflammation becomes increasingly important.
methods : baseline data from @number@ patients from the dream registry were used for analyses.
associations between the inflammatory markers and age , sex , and bmi were evaluated first using univariate linear regression analyses.
the strengths of the associations were compared using standardized beta ( β ) coefficients.
the multivariate analyses were repeated after @number@ year.
for each decade of aging , esr and crp levels became @number@ and @number@ times higher , respectively.
effects were strongest on the esr.
bmi became significantly associated with both inflammatory markers after @number@ year , showing higher levels with increasing weight.
age continued to be significantly associated , whereas sex remained only associated with the esr level.
bmi appears to become more relevant at later stages of the disease.
a total of @number@ individuals with presbycusis and @number@ normal-hearing controls were selected based on strict audiometric criteria.
statistically significant differences in mtdnacd4977 expression were identified among all of the groups ( p < 0.001 ) .
in conclusion , the present study demonstrates a correlation between mtdnacd4977 in the human hair shaft and the severity of hearing loss in presbycusis.
furthermore , rapid-acting ( ra ) insulins may have superior therapeutic effects compared with regular insulin types.
objectives : to measure the safety and efficacy of intranasally delivered ra glulisine in apoe4 carriers with mild-moderate ad.
results : in glulisine was well tolerated but failed to have an acute impact on cognition in apoe4 carriers with ad.
serum insulin levels acutely dropped following treatment , but peripheral glucose levels remained unchanged.
this study aims to determine whether performance on the fast- and usual-paced 400-m walks varies based upon age and physical function.
methods : participants ( @number@ men , @number@ women aged 70-92 ) completed a fast- and usual-paced 400-m walk.
the short physical performance battery was used to assess function ( score range 0-12 ) .
body mass index and health history were also assessed.
discussion : older and lower functioning participants had greater convergence on the fast- and usual-paced 400-m walks.
results : of the @number@ online surveys , only @number@ were assumed to have reached the intended recipients ( response rate @number@ % ) .
the most significant patient concerns were formulary and copayment ( @number@ % ) and donut hole ( @number@ % ) .
fifty-four percent respondents stated that his / her pharmacy helped patients obtain financial assistance while patients were in the donut hole.
conclusion : respondents were most concerned about the poor reimbursement rates , but pharmacists who dispensed @number@ day supply of medications reported acceptable financial performance.
pharmacists also reported helping patients obtain financial assistance while in the donut hole.
current hypotheses suggest that aberrant wound healing has a critical role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) .
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) home to the injury site and reduce fibrosis by secreting multifunctional antifibrotic humoral factors in ipf.
inhalation of recombinant stc1 shows the same effects as the injection of mscs.
using stc1 plasmid , it was possible to enhance the ability of mscs to ameliorate the fibrosis.
mscs secrete large amounts of stc1 in response to tgf-β1 in comparison to aecs and fibroblasts.
the antifibrotic effects of stc1 include reducing oxidative stress , endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress , and tgf-β1 production in aecs.
background : the use of high-intensity interval training ( hiit ) is widely diffused as strategy to enhance aerobic fitness and body composition.
in order to offer a more complete training , resistance exercises have been added to hiit ( hiirt ) .
salivary samples were collected before and after each workout , at @time@ .m. and at @time@ . of the following day.
salive was also collected during a non-training day.
before and after the workout , plasma lactate was measured while a beat-to-beat heart rate recording was executed during each workout.
cortisol ( c ) and testosterone ( t ) were measured in salivary samples.
results : workouts elicited the same heart rate response while random organization seems to elicit the highest lactate , c and t increases.
in the current study , mir-107 was revealed to be downregulated in chronic myeloid leukemia cells.
overexpression of mir-107 in k562 and kcl-22 chronic myeloid leukemia cells promotes erythroid differentiation , while having no effect on cell proliferation.
further bioinformatics predicted that one target of mir-107 may be cacna2d1 , a calcium channel protein.
a luciferase reporter assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were utilized to confirm that cacna2d1 is a target molecule of mir-107.
urinary incontinence affects approximately three million women in france.
its frequency increases with age.
it impacts quality of life.
interrogation and clinical examination usually allow understanding its mechanism , but some additional explorations may be necessary.
when a curative treatment is not possible , absorbent pads or a penile sheath in males improve patient comfort.
demotivation results from a pathological process that is not a part of normal ageing.
it differs from a mood disorder , but it can often be associated with one.
linked to physical autonomy and / or mental losses , it can be a gateway to regression , increasing or establishing dependency.
which might be the neural bases for these behavioral differences ?
the number of neurons in females reached @number@ million , being no more than @number@ million in males , a difference of @percent@.
the same differences remained when corrected for mass.
results demonstrate a sex-related difference in the absolute number of total , neuronal and non-neuronal cells , favoring women by 40-50%.
however , the reported advantage of women as compared to men may stimulate future work on sex dimorphism of synaptic microcircuitry in the olfactory bulb.
method : data were taken from a national survey that sampled the community-dwelling jewish population aged 65-94 in israel.
psychotropic medications were assessed from the list of all medications recorded during a faceto- face interview.
the current analysis focused on three medication groups : anxiolytics , sedatives / hypnotics and antidepressants.
results : a significantly higher use of anxiolytics was observed among women compared to men after taking into account their worse physical and mental health.
the use of antidepressants was low in men and women and was related mainly to disability in adl.
conclusions : this study points to possibly overprescribing of anxiolytics among women and low detection and treatment of depression among the elderly in general.
although primarily considered a disorder of the elderly , emerging evidence suggests the antecedents of osteoporosis are established during childhood and adolescence.
despite considerable progress , these issues are not easy to address , and important questions remain unresolved.
purpose : to report the development of bilateral retinal detachment in a patient with werner syndrome.
methods : retrospective chart review.
a 44-year-old woman diagnosed with werner syndrome developed bilateral retinal detachment.
two weeks after performing vitrectomy in the right eye , vitrectomy was performed in the left eye.
results : after the surgeries , both retinas were reattached.
during the surgeries , we observed an excessively liquefied vitreous and a posterior hyaloid membrane that was tightly attached to the retina.
the retinal break was located along the superotemporal arcade and over an area of the patchy chorioretinal atrophy in both eyes.
conclusion : vitreoretinal changes found in this case might have been partially because of the premature aging associated with werner syndrome.
objective : to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in older adults.
a group of @number@ individuals were interviewed during the third wave of the sabe study performed in sao paulo , sp , in @number@
the study included @percent@ females ; the mean age of the participants was @number@ years , and their average education was @number@ years.
descriptive analysis and hierarchical logistic regression were performed.
results : the prevalence of anemia was @percent@ and was found to be higher in oldest adults.
conclusions : the prevalence of anemia in older adults was @percent@ and was mainly associated with advanced age and presence of chronic diseases.
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) is a cellular compartment that has a key function in protein translation and folding.
maintaining its integrity is of fundamental importance for organism's physiology and viability.
cognitive agents are expected to interact with and adapt to a nonstationary dynamic environment.
as an initial process of decision making in a real-world agent interaction , familiarity judgment leads the following processes for intelligence.
familiarity judgment includes knowing previously encoded data as well as completing original patterns from partial information , which are fundamental functions of recognition memory.
to provide temporal adaptability to an agent , in this paper , we suggest a computational model for recognition memory that enables lifelong learning.
the proposed model is based on a hypergraph structure , and thus it allows a high-order relationship between contextual nodes and enables incremental learning.
through a simulated experiment , we investigate the optimal conditions of the memory model and validate the consistency of memory performance for lifelong learning.
we also evaluated relationships with age , reproductive and hormonal history , weight , alcohol intake , and smoking.
results : approximately @percent@ of probes had an icc > @number@ and were considered stable vmps ( stable-vmps ) .
both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses provided strong evidence for associations between changes in methylation levels and aging.
smoking-related probes at 2q37.1 and ahrr were stable-vmps and related to time since quitting.
we also observed associations between methylation and weight changes.
conclusion : our results provide support for the use of white blood cell dna methylation as a biomarker of exposure in ewas.
impact : larger studies , preferably with repeated measures over time , will be required to establish associations between specific probes and exposures.
localized protein synthesis is a mechanism by which morphologically polarized cells react in a spatially confined and temporally acute manner to changes in their environment.
during the development of the nervous system intra-axonal protein synthesis is crucial for the establishment of neuronal connections.
the integrated impact of the ras on glucose homeostasis is still a matter of debate.
we evaluated energy balance , measured renal functions , performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests , and used ramipril to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme.
results : dtgm had a lower physical activity and an increased food intake without change in body weight.
renal impairment was characterized by low-grade albuminuria.
high urinary output secondary to polydipsia was associated with proximal tubule dysfunction.
compared to controls , dtgm had a lower hyperglycemia induced by an intraperitoneal glucose administration.
acute inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme with ramipril did not suppress this improved glucose tolerance profile.
conclusion : chronic ras activation is not sufficient to cause insulin resistance in mice.
moreover , adaptation to constitutive ras activation in mice results in a better glucose tolerance.
background : aerobic and isometric exercises are known to decrease pain sensitivity.
the effect of different types of exercise on central mechanisms such as temporal summation of pain ( tsp ) is less clear.
ptt and tsp were assessed before and after each exercise condition on the non-dominant arm and leg by computer-controlled cuff algometry.
no systematic difference was found between low- and high-intensity exercises.
conclusions : different manifestations of hypoalgesia between aerobic and isometric exercises were found.
isometric exercises reduced temporal summation illustrating the potential for exercise as a rehabilitation procedure also targeting the central mechanisms.
acute hypoxic exposure increases vascular thrombotic risk.
the release of procoagulant-rich microparticles from neutrophils accelerates the pathogenesis of inflammatory thrombosis.
following the 5-week intervention , ait exhibited higher enhancement of v̇o2max than did mct.
notably , both mct and ait attenuated the extents of he-induced coagulant factor viii / fibrinogen elevations and aptt shortening.
furthermore , the two exercise regimens significantly decreased tf-rich / ps-exposed ndmp formation and depressed neutrophil / ndmp-mediated dynamic tg at rest and following he.
hence , we conclude that ait is superior to mct for enhancing aerobic capacity.
human aging is a multifactorial process.
the most prominent effects of aging include visual impairments , particularly age-related cataracts ( arc ) .
several studies have reported that oxidative stress and failure of the antioxidant system are the major factors contributing to lens oxidation.
the protein levels , gene expression and methylation status of nrf2 / keap1 were investigated in human lenses from different age groups.
based on these results , the present study then aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
objective : to estimate the prevalence of depression and determine the factors associated with it in older indians aged @number@ years and above.
logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of socio-demographic , health , and diet-related characteristics on depression.
discussion : protective and risk factors identified can be helpful in formulation of different policies for older indians.
methods : a multilevel , cross-sectional study was conducted in @number@ in bogotá colombia.
a total of @number@ older adults completed the spanish version of the short form of health survey ( sf-8 ) to assess hrqol.
cognitive dimension of social capital was assessed.
hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to determine the associations between social capital variables and hrqol.
results : only @percent@ to @percent@ of the population reported trust in others and shared values.
a total of @percent@ percent reported that people in their neighborhood would try to take advantage of them if given a chance.
higher social capital indicators were positively associated with the mental and physical dimensions of hrqol.
this paper details a study on ethnic identity in midlife , illuminating identity formation as a complex life course phenomenon.
findings reveal that cumulative experiences over earlier developmental years resulted in resolutions to appreciate their ethnic identity at midlife.
although it is considered reliable for measuring gray matter as a whole , it has never been evaluated regionally.
here we assessed this regional reliability.
we computed perfusion images and ran a voxel-based analysis within all brain structures.
we also calculated mean regional cerebral blood flow ( rcbf ) within regions of interest configured for each arterial territory distribution.
results : the mean cbf over whole gray matter was @number@ with intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) of @number@
in white matter , it was @number@ with an icc of @number@
voxel-wise icc and coefficient-of-variation maps showed relatively lower reliability in watershed areas and white matter especially in deeper white matter.
the absolute mean rcbf values were consistent with the ones reported from pet , as was the relatively low variability in different feeding arteries.
conclusions : thus , quasar reliability for regional perfusion is high within gray matter , but uncertain within white matter.
the model takes in four parameters , including age-based cdc-inferred median body weight and three facial feature distances measured from digital facial images.
the final model has a mean prediction error of @number@ a mean squared error of @time@ , and a coefficient of correlation of @number@
the model shows significant improvement in prediction accuracy over several age-based body weight prediction methods.
this paper is an appeal for increased debate about sonic representations of aged women , ageing and alzheimer's disease and dementia in film.
the significance of audiences ' critical awareness and understanding about the social implications of these representations is discussed.
a total of @number@ studies were included.
studies concerning the determinants of shared decision-making mostly focused on non-modifiable factors.
future research is needed to better promote shared decision-making among persons with dementia and their family carers.
this preliminary study on the traditional sardinian diet has been supported by the literature available , which has been carefully reviewed and compared.
even nowadays a large proportion of the population in this area still follows the traditional diet based on cereal-derived foods and dairy products.
to our knowledge , this is the first study to compare respondents ' self-perceptions of successful aging among o-o relative to y-o adults.
methods : participants included @number@ y-o and @number@ o-o adults.
results : the o-o group reported higher levels of spsa than the y-o group.
in multiple regression modeling examining predictors of spsa in each group , there was a tendency toward lower associations in the o-o group overall.
most notably , the associations between physical and mental functioning with spsa were significantly lower in the o-o versus y-o group.
there were no associations with spsa that were significantly higher in the o-o versus y-o group.
conclusion : the lower predictive power of physical and mental functioning on spsa among o-o relative to y-o adults is particularly noteworthy.
it is apparent that spsa is a multidimensional construct that cannot be defined by physical functioning alone.
continuing to clarify the underlying factors impacting spsa between groups may inform tailored interventions to promote successful aging in y-o and o-o adults.
any primary care doctor should be able to decide on the fitness to drive of a given patient.
this article also discusses aspects associated with neurological , cardiac and orthopedic issues.
background : external assistance can rapidly strengthen health programmes in developing countries , but such funding can also create sustainability challenges.
hypothetical production costs were estimated to illustrate differences had pepfar support not been available.
results : between 2004-2006 , nambts sold @number@ rcc units to public sector facilities.
discussion : pepfar support allowed nambts to leverage domestic cost-recovery revenue to rapidly increase blood collections and the distribution of rcc.
however , external support kept production costs lower than they would have been without pepfar.
tracking the subsidising influence of external support can help blood services make strategic investments and plan for unit price increases as external funds are withdrawn.
here we show that mir-27 , a somatic-enriched mirna , is activated upon rnai-mediated suppression of @date@ function in human embryonic stem cells.
additionally , we have identified a number of pluripotency-associated genes such as nanog , lin28 , polr3g and nr5a2 as novel mir-27 targets.
exposure to ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation induces various pathological changes , such as thickened skin and wrinkle formation.
in particular , uvb irradiation increases matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) -1 production and collagen degradation , leading to premature aging , termed photoaging.
the azuki bean ( vigna angularis ; va ) has been widely used as a food product as well as a traditional medicine.
however , its activity needs additional study to confirm its functional application in foods and cosmetics for protecting skin.
in this study , hot-water extract from va ( vae ) and its active component , rutin , were investigated to determine their antiphotoaging effects.
vae was found to have antioxidant activity.
the effects of both topical and oral administration of vae were tested in uvb-irradiated hairless mice.
these results suggest that vae may be effective for preventing skin photoaging accelerated by uvb radiation.
background : new melanoma therapies , like e.g. ipilimumab , improve survival.
however , only a small subset of patients benefits while @percent@ encounter side effects.
furthermore , these marginal benefits come at a very high price of €110'@number@ per treatment.
methods : based on findings from a focus group questionnaires were developed and pretested.
after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent surveys were conducted in a total of @number@ participants ( n = @number@ for each group ) .
statistical analyses were conducted using r. findings : attitudes vastly differed between healthy participants , physicians and melanoma patients.
when judging on societal spending even melanoma patients opted for spending on ipilimumab in only @percent@.
conclusion : the judgment about the benefits of new treatment options largely differs between groups , physicians being the most critical against therapy.
price elasticity was low.
background : delirium is increasingly considered to be an important determinant of trajectories of cognitive decline.
therefore , analyses of existing cohort studies measuring cognitive outcomes could benefit from methods to ascertain a retrospective delirium diagnosis.
this study aimed to develop and validate such a method for delirium detection using routine medical records in uk and ireland.
methods : a point prevalence study of delirium provided the reference-standard ratings for delirium diagnosis.
an expert panel rated each vignette as unlikely , possible , or probable delirium and disagreements were resolved by consensus.
results : from @number@ case records , @number@ vignettes were abstracted by @number@ trained clinicians.
there were @number@ delirium cases according to the reference standard.
median age of subjects was @number@ years ( interquartile range @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : this chart abstraction method can retrospectively diagnose delirium in hospitalised patients with good accuracy.
this has potential for retrospectively identifying delirium in cohort studies where routine medical records are available.
purpose : changes in lens may reflect the status of systemic health of human beings but the supporting evidences are not well summarized yet.
we aimed to determine the relationship of age-related cataract , cataract surgery and long-term mortality by pooling the results of published population-based studies.
we pooled the effect estimates ( hazards ratios [ hrs ] ) under a random effects model.
conclusions : all subtypes of age-related cataract were associated with an increased mortality with nuclear cataract having the strongest association among the @number@ cataract subtypes.
however , cataract surgery was not significantly related to mortality.
these findings indicated that changes in lens may serve as markers for ageing and systemic health in general population.
these positive findings suggest that the administration of basic fibroblast growth factor may become a useful tool for the treatment of the aging vocal fold.
more recently , the clinical application of basic fibroblast growth factor was reported with encouraging outcomes.
continued basic research and clinical investigations will be required to develop strategies to overcome age-related voice disorders.
in the present review , we provide a background regarding why ipscs represent a paradigm shift for central nervous system ( cns ) disease modeling.
we also provide some examples of successful uses for ipsc-based screens and suggest that additional development could revolutionize the field of drug discovery.
moreover , with careful and strategic planning , shared resources can be developed that will enable exponential advances in the field.
women infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) have unique needs.
healthy aging has been associated with decreased specialization in brain function.
this characterization has focused largely on describing age-accompanied differences in specialization at the level of neurons and brain areas.
we expand this work to describe systems-level differences in specialization in a healthy adult lifespan sample ( n = @number@ 20-89 y ) .
a graph-theoretic framework is used to guide analysis of functional mri resting-state data and describe systems-level differences in connectivity of individual brain networks.
young adults ' brain systems exhibit a balance of within- and between-system correlations that is characteristic of segregated and specialized organization.
increasing age is accompanied by decreasing segregation of brain systems.
of particular importance , the magnitude of association system segregation is predictive of long-term memory function , independent of an individual's age.
we also hypothesized that people with higher purpose would spend fewer nights in the hospital.
an increasing number of randomized controlled trials show that purpose in life can be raised.
we sought to investigate the role of aldosterone as a mediator of disease and its relationship with the counter-regulatory natriuretic peptide ( np ) system.
furthermore , aldosterone in the highest tertile correlated with lower np levels and increased mortality.
importantly , most of these associations remained significant even after excluding subjects with aldosterone levels above the normal range.
our data suggest that aldosterone , even within the normal range , may be a biomarker of cardiorenal and metabolic disease.
oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants.
many diseases like atherosclerosis or heart failure are involved in oxidative stress.
increased oxidative stress is one of the potential contributing factors to aging.
polyphenols are known as biomodulators with antioxidant activities.
homocysteine , cysteine and glutathione total levels were determined by using hplc with electrochemical detection.
the activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 toward two substrates was determined by spectrophotometry.
on the other hand , homocysteine and cysteine levels decreased significantly ( p = @number@ p < @number@ respectively ) .
the negative correlation between paraoxonase lactonase activity and homocysteine level was noticed.
this confirms that paraoxonase might play an important role in homocysteine-thiolactone metabolism.
many natural and synthetic quinones and naphthoquinones possess a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties.
in plants , the cytotoxic properties of quinones serve in their defensive roles against invading bacteria , fungi and parasites.
redistribution of adipose tissue towards an ectopic site can have dramatic effects on metabolic function.
additionally , the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is increased with elevated visceral adipose distribution.
background and purpose : there is mounting evidence that essential tremor ( et ) is a neurodegenerative disease.
methods : essential tremor cases and controls were enrolled in a study of the environmental epidemiology of et at columbia university medical center.
daily calorie count ( kcal ) was calculated using the willett semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
tremor severity was assessed with a clinical rating scale ( total tremor score , range 0-36 ) .
results : the @number@ et cases and @number@ controls were similar with respect to age , gender and other demographic variables.
conclusions : the observed lower bmi in et is consistent with the neurodegenerative hypothesis of et.
autophagy delivers cytoplasmic components and organelles to lysosomes for degradation.
this pathway serves to degrade nonfunctional or unnecessary organelles and aggregate-prone and oxidized proteins to produce substrates for energy production and biosynthesis.
macroautophagy delivers large aggregates and whole organelles to lysosomes by first enveloping them into autophagosomes that then fuse with lysosomes.
our current knowledge on the autophagic pathways and molecular mechanisms and regulation of autophagy will be summarized in this review.
we will describe the physiological functions of macroautophagy and cma in neuronal cells.
finally , we will summarize the current evidence showing that dysfunction of macroautophagy and / or cma contributes to neuronal diseases.
cd14 ( + ) cd16 ( + ) inflammatory monocytes were induced after vaccination in both young and older adults.
notably , levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin @number@ ( il-10 ) were markedly elevated in monocytes from older subjects before and after vaccination.
these findings for the first time implicate dysregulated il-10 production in impaired vaccine responses in older adults.
objectives : to examine associations between objective measures of activity level and mortality risk in older men.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : six u.s. sites.
participants : men aged @number@ and older followed an average of @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
deaths were confirmed with death certificates ; cause of death was adjudicated by review of certificates and records.
results : during follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) men died.
the association between time spent in sedentary behavior and mortality varied according to time spent at higher activity level.
conclusion : in older men exceeding current guidelines on physical activity , more time spent in sedentary behavior is associated with greater mortality risk.
sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease is considered primarily a disease of grey matter , although the extent of white matter involvement has not been well described.
twenty-six patients with sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease and nine age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects underwent volumetric t1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging.
six patients had post-mortem brain analysis available for assessment of neuropathological findings associated with prion disease.
parcellation of the subcortical white matter was performed on 3d t1-weighted volumes using freesurfer.
tract-based spatial statistics analysis was also performed to investigate the deeper white matter tracts.
mean diffusivity reduction reflected concomitant decrease of both axial and radial diffusivity , without appreciable changes in white matter anisotropy.
in contrast , by visual assessment there was no white matter abnormality either on t2-weighted or diffusion-weighted images.
widespread reduction in white matter mean diffusivity , however , was apparent visibly on the quantitative attenuation coefficient maps compared to healthy control subjects.
decreased mean diffusivity on attenuation coefficient maps might be associated with astrocytic gliosis.
cerebellar cortical tissue from @number@ cases with essential tremor and @number@ age-matched control subjects was processed by the golgi-kopsch method.
purkinje cell dendritic anatomy was quantified using a neurolucida microscopic system interfaced with a motorized stage.
in all measures , essential tremor cases demonstrated significant reductions in dendritic complexity compared with controls.
this framework constitutes an integrated approach to assess functional changes in cortical networks through neuroimaging and peripheral blood markers during early stages of neurodegeneration.
aging is a contributing factor in cancer occurrence.
yet , the effects of aging and obesity on inflammatory responses to immunotherapeutics are not well defined.
we determine the effects of adiposity on systemic it tolerance in aged compared with young obese mice.
macrophage depletion or tnf blockade in conjunction with αcd40 / il-2 prevented cytokine storms in young obese mice and protected from lethality.
our data demonstrate that adiposity is a critical factor in the age-associated pathological responses to systemic anti-cancer it.
background : melatonin decreases night-time blood pressure ( bp ) by increasing nitric oxide ( no ) in endothelial cells.
conclusions : adma attenuates the association of endogenous melatonin with night-time bp and dipping in the general elderly population.
post-transcriptional gene regulation is robustly regulated by rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) .
here we describe the collection of rnas regulated by auf1 ( au-binding factor @number@ ) , an rbp linked to cancer , inflammation and aging.
third , auf1 unexpectedly enhances the steady-state levels of several target mrnas encoding dna-maintenance proteins.
through its actions on target rnas , auf1 preserves genomic integrity , in agreement with the auf1-elicited prevention of premature cellular senescence.
osteoarthritis is the most common disease of joints caused by degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
it is classified as primary form with unknown cause and as secondary form with known etiology.
genetic and epigenetic factors interact with environmental factors and contribute to the development of primary osteoarthritis.
accelerated shortening of telomeres was detected in osteoarthritis and other age-related diseases.
this is the first time that a two-feature biomarker classification system has been applied to a population-based cohort.
results : the median age was @number@ years , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
there was no significant difference in the mmse total score between women and men.
the degree of decrement in scores with age was stronger in the low education level group than in the high education level group.
background and aims : more than genetic and physical influences , different environmental stimuli affect brain reserve , and bilingualism is one example.
in this study , effect of bilingual proficiency on older adult's cognitive reserve was investigated.
lexical memory and bergen dichotic listening tests were performed.
results : the bilingual proficiency score in all participants was within the range for early bilingualism.
the persian version of word association test content validity index was @number@ %.
the inter-rater reliability for the persian version of word association test was @number@ and that for the english version was @number@
a significant correlation was observed between the bilingual proficiency score and lexical memory score ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : these results demonstrated the influence of bilingualism on shaping cognitive reserve in persian-english bilingual older adults , representing linguistic experience-dependent neuroplasticity.
mci prodromic of vascular dementia ( vasc-mci ) is thought to be characterized by a multiple domain profile.
aims : to compare the pragmatic and conventional diagnoses in terms of etiologic subtyping of mci.
methods : we retrospectively assessed the agreement between the two diagnoses in @number@ mci patients.
conclusions : the application of mci etiologic subtyping using pragmatic or conventional diagnoses leads to different results.
in our setting , not all the vasc-mci patients have a multiple domain profile.
our preliminary study suggests that the cognitive profile of vasc-mci is more heterogeneous than previously suggested.
background : cardiac rehabilitation ( cr ) seeks to simultaneously improve several outcome parameters related to patient risk factors , exercise capacity and subjective health.
as this success depends on the older patient's characteristics at the time of admission to cr , we attempted to determine the most important influences.
an example of association with positive moc value was depression score ( moc @number@ p = @number@ ) .
further associations included maximal exercise capacity , blood pressure , heart rate and the rehabilitation centre attended.
the term sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging.
in this review , we address age-related muscle loss and the risk factors of mortality , emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention.
purpose : to determine the most valuable comorbidity index to apply in a clinical context and its prospective association with 1-year mortality and 3-month readmission.
the authors also intend to gauge the evolution of older patients ' admission profile over @number@ years , in the same clinical setting.
subjects / materials and methods : the authors analyzed data from @number@ consecutive patients admitted in @number@
length of stay , number of diagnoses and of medications , readmission and mortality were assessed.
a p value < 0.05 was considered significant.
results : mean age was @number@ years , mean length of stay was @number@ days , and mean number of diagnosis per patient was @number@
mean values of score were of @number@ for the cci , @number@ for the cirs-g and @number@ for the mdbi.
three-month readmission and 1-year mortality rates related to higher cci and cirs-g scores.
no association was found between mdbi and the outcomes evaluated.
one-year mortality reached @number@ % and 3-month readmission was of @number@ %.
comparing the two samples , mean age increased in @number@ years and the number of diagnosis by @number@
length of stay decreased @number@ days.
discussion and conclusion : cci was easier to use but the cirs-g was better at evaluating comorbidity.
mdbi did not seem to be a trustworthy tool.
despite an older population with high comorbidity , length of stay decreased over @number@ years.
however , readmission was high.
introduction of geriatric care standards is required to improve health outcomes for older patients.
valproate is an important but uncommon cause of drug induced parkinsonism in the elderly.
the development of symptoms after valproate onset is unpredictable , and severity of symptoms is unrelated to plasma levels.
this case describes a patient on chronic valproate therapy developing a severely disabling akinetic-rigid syndrome , only partially reversed on stopping valproate.
we hypothesise that an increase in valproate dosage unmasked clinically silent parkinson's disease.
the patient made an excellent recovery following cessation of valproate and commencement of dopaminergic therapy.
methods : younger adults , older adults and ad participants were presented with two sets of six items each : set1 and set2.
each item was presented by one of two sources : an experimenter black- or white-gloved hand.
after the presentation of the set1 items , participants were instructed either to forget or to continue remembering the source of the items.
afterward , all participants were presented with the set2 items , and were asked to remember their source.
in other words , they failed to inhibit the source information.
it has recently been reported that sleeping and eating habits change the brain structure of children.
however , no research on the effect of study habits at home on the brain structure of children has been conducted thus far.
during dna replication , nucleosomes ahead of replication forks are disassembled to accommodate replication machinery.
following dna replication , nucleosomes are then reassembled onto replicated dna using both parental and newly synthesized histones.
in recent years , it has been shown that rcna is carefully orchestrated by a series of histone modifications , histone chaperones and histone-modifying enzymes.
interestingly , many features of rcna are also found in processes involving dna replication-independent nucleosome assembly like histone exchange and gene transcription.
the histone acetyltransferase ( hat ) regulator of ty1 transposition @number@ ( rtt109 ) is the sole enzyme responsible for h3k56ac in yeast.
much research has centered on this particular histone modification and histone-modifying enzyme.
this critical review summarizes much of our current understanding of nucleosome assembly and highlights many important insights learned from studying rtt109 hats in fungi.
we highlight some seminal features in nucleosome assembly conserved in mammalian systems and describe some of the lingering questions in the field.
objective : to examine the association of brain dna methylation in @number@ reported ad loci with ad pathologies.
exposures : dna methylation levels at individual cpg sites generated from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue using a bead assay.
main outcomes and measures : pathological diagnosis of ad by national institute on aging-reagan criteria following a standard postmortem examination.
results : overall , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) met the criteria for pathological diagnosis of ad.
brain dna methylation in sorl1 , abca7 , hla-drb5 , slc24a4 , and bin1 was associated with pathological ad.
conclusions and relevance : brain dna methylation in multiple ad loci is associated with ad pathologies.
the results provide further evidence that disruption of dna methylation is involved in the pathological process of ad.
older adults ' memory reports are often less complete and accurate than those by younger adults.
participants recalled an event with the sai or free recall instructions.
after @number@ week , all participants watched a second event and freely recalled its content.
decline in episodic memory is one of the most prominent cognitive deficits seen in late adulthood.
it is therefore surprising that few studies have examined how the related capacity for episodic foresight might also be affected in this age group.
here , we present @number@ studies.
in study @number@ we administer this measure to @number@ older and @number@ younger adults.
these data provide important initial evidence that the capacity to apply episodic foresight in a functionally adaptive way is impaired in late adulthood.
we examined whether long-term fluid cognitive decline was associated with memory problems in everyday life , and whether stress plays a moderating role.
we expected that the association between cognitive decline and everyday memory problems would be magnified in the context of self-reported and physiological stress.
data are from the boston longitudinal study , a subsample of the midlife in the united states study.
at t2 , participants completed weekly diaries of self-reported daily stressors and everyday memory problems for @number@ consecutive weeks.
self-reported daily stressors and car moderated the relationship of cognitive decline and memory problems.
generativity has been argued to be an important indicator of successful aging.
indeed , generative concern has been found to be associated with meaning in life.
in the present study , this relationship is argued to be partly explained through generative goals.
that is , generative concern is partly associated with meaning in life because it leads to generative goals.
in turn , these provide individuals with meaning in life.
evidence is accumulating on the effects of subjective aging-that is , how individuals perceive their own aging process-on health and survival in later life.
the goal of this article is to synthesize findings of existing longitudinal studies through a meta-analysis.
however , effects did not vary either across different operationalizations of subjective aging or by study quality.
subjective aging has a small significant effect on health , health behaviors , and survival.
further theoretical conceptualizations and empirical studies are needed to determine how subjective aging contributes to health and survival.
objective : it is unknown whether aging affects predecisional processing , that is , gathering information and evaluating options before making a decision.
results of the second investigation indicated a largely similar performance pattern between healthy older adults and younger adults.
there were no significant correlations for both groups between the ist and executive-function tasks.
conclusions : there are no relevant changes with healthy aging in predecisional processing.
in contrast , mild dat significantly affects predecisional information sampling.
thus , the problems shown in patients with mild dat in decision making might be related to the patients ' difficulties in predecisional processing.
decision-making performance in mild dat might be improved by helping the patients at a predecisional stage to gather sufficient information and evaluate options more accurately.
numbers of analyses were performed to identify symptoms representing different aspects of aging.
in this monkey , the cell cycle of fibroblasts at early passage was significantly extended as compared to a normal control.
moreover , both the appearance of senescent cells and the deficiency in dna repair were observed.
however , we could not detect any individual-unique mutations of known genes responsible for major progeroid syndromes.
the present results indicate that the monkey suffers from a kind of progeria that is not necessarily typical to human progeroid syndromes.
methods : this was an 8-day diary of @number@ family caregivers of individuals with dementia.
multilevel models with common within-person variance were fit first to show average associations between daily stressors and mean level of daily affect.
objective : chronic pain is common in hiv-infected individuals.
our objective was to explore hiv-infected patients ' perspectives on psychological aspects of chronic pain using in-depth qualitative interviews.
methods : investigators engaged in an iterative process of independent and group coding until theme saturation was reached.
results : of the @number@ patients with chronic pain interviewed , @number@ were male , @number@ were younger than age @number@ and @number@ were african-american.
conclusions : the results suggest that psychological approaches to chronic pain treatment may be well received by hiv-infected patients.
methods : the participants included @number@ ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) community-dwelling elderly japanese individuals aged ≥65 years.
knee extension strength was assessed as an indicator of muscle strength , and bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass.
the maximum walking speed of participants was recorded.
results : appendicular muscle mass and knee extension strength decreased with age in both men and women.
in men , knee extension strength showed significant positive correlations with leg and appendicular muscle mass in both young-old and old-old age groups.
however , in women , only the old-old age group showed significant positive correlations between knee extension strength and leg and appendicular muscle mass.
conclusions : muscle strength was significantly correlated with muscle mass in both age groups in men.
however , in women , the correlation between muscle strength and muscle mass differed according to age.
this finding suggests that the relationship between muscle strength and muscle mass differs according to sex and age.
muscle strength showed significant correlation with walking speed in both men and women in both age groups.
the objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal , bi-directional associations between srh and ppf.
srh was assessed with a single-item question in the act study.
ppf scores ( ranging from 0-16 , with higher indicating better performance ) included walking speed , chair rises , grip strength , and balance.
results : at the baseline visit , participants averaged @number@ ( sd : @number@ ) years of age and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were female.
srh provides a simple assessment tool for identifying individuals at increased risk for decline in physical function.
fibrotic disorders account for an increasing burden of disease-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide.
here , we provide an evolutionary perspective on fibrosis aimed at elucidating its etiopathogenesis.
we posit that physiological fibrosis-like reactions evolved as an essential process in host defense against pathogens and in normal wound healing.
the importance of genetic susceptibility , epigenetics , aging , and the modern-day environment are highlighted.
introduction : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a progressive disease with a prevalence that increases with the aging of the subject.
it presents a high prevalence of comorbidities , such as cognitive decline , which is gaining great clinical relevance in recent years.
factors such as pulmonary function , hypoxemia , hypercapnia or exacerbations contribute to the decline of cognitive functions.
the nutritional status has been added to these factors as contributing to cognitive function decline when presenting in copd.
conclusion : cognitive function is affected in copd patients with an altered nutritional status when compared to those with a normal nutritional status.
mercury is an environmental toxicant that causes numerous adverse effects on human health and natural ecosystems.
the methylmercury content of large , long-lived fish such as swordfish , shark , tuna or marlin , is higher.
methylmercury binds to protein in fish and is therefore not eliminated by cleaning or cooking the fish.
fetuses and small children are more vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury from the consumption of contaminated fish.
methylmercury is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.
apart from environmental factors , genetic factors can influence mercury toxicity and explain part of the individual vulnerability.
a content analysis was conducted using atlas.ti software to identify events and salient themes.
grandparenting and parenting an adult child were motivational for sustaining abstinence and reduced drinking.
findings were mixed on death of a loved one , which was related to abstinence in some and relapse in others.
redemption and mutual fulfillment as caregivers , reconciliations with adult children , and legacy-building as grandparents were themes associated with maintaining abstinence and reduced drinking.
clinical studies find that childhood adversity and stressful life events in adulthood increase the risk for major depression and for suicide.
the predispositions to either major depression or suicide are thought to depend on genetic risk factors or epigenetic effects.
we investigated dna methylation signatures postmortem in brains of suicides with diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
we found that dna methylation increases throughout the lifespan.
this increased dna methylation may be a significant contributor to the neuropathology and psychopathology underlying the risk of suicide in depression.
clinical characteristics and in-hospital and long-term outcomes were compared between men and women.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ women , mean age @number@.5±3.2 years ) were recruited.
similar rates of successful in-hospital procedures and deaths were observed in men and women.
cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that sex was not independently associated with either in-hospital mortality or long-term mortality.
conclusion : in elderly patients over @number@ years of age , sex influences the prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease.
introduction : previous studies have identified hyperlipidemia as a potential risk factor for dementia and alzheimer's disease.
however , studies on cholesterol measured in late-life and cognitive function have been inconsistent.
few studies have explored nonlinear relationships or considered interactions with other biomarker measures.
methods : a cross-sectional sample of @number@ participants from four rural counties in the people's republic of china was included in this analysis.
serum total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , triglycerides , and homocysteine levels were measured in fasting blood samples.
a composite cognitive score was derived based on nine standardized cognitive test scores.
analysis of covariance models were used to investigate the association between biomarker measures and the composite cognitive scores.
in participants with high homocysteine levels , no significant association between cholesterol and cognition was found.
additional research is required to confirm our findings in other populations , and to explore potential mechanisms underlying the lipid-homocysteine interaction.
background : the management of type @number@ diabetes mellitus in long-term care ( ltc ) settings can be complex as a result of age-related complications.
despite guideline recommendations , sliding scale insulin remains commonplace in the ltc setting and data on basal insulin use are lacking.
of these , more than @percent@ of patients received sliding scale insulin in co-administration with basal insulin.
despite its ease of use , insulin pen use was very low , at @percent@.
significant differences were observed between the basal insulin groups for glycated hemoglobin level and dosing frequency.
conclusion : these data suggest the underutilization of basal insulin in the ltc setting and worryingly high combinational use with sliding scale insulin.
differences in glycated hemoglobin and dosing frequencies between types of basal insulin warrant further comparative effectiveness studies.
background : exercise programs that challenge an individual's balance have been shown to reduce the risk of falls among older adults.
virtual reality computer-based technology that provides the user with opportunities to interact with virtual objects is used extensively for entertainment.
there is a growing interest in the potential of virtual reality-based interventions for balance training in older adults.
results : seven relevant studies were retrieved.
conclusion : the review indicates that wii-based exercise programs may serve as an alternative to more conventional forms of exercise aimed at improving balance control.
background : the objective of the study was to evaluate health aspects in elderly individuals in social , institutional , and home care in poland.
methods : a total of @number@ elderly individuals in care in poland were included in the study.
each group consisted of @number@ subjects.
objective : acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( acheis ) may reduce the oxidative stress in brain of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients.
forkhead box o1 ( foxo1 ) protein has been reported as the link between oxidative stress and ad.
we evaluated a potential association between foxo1 gene locus and the response to achei treatment in patients with sporadic ad.
functional and cognitive status were evaluated at baseline and after treatment.
response to therapy was defined according to the national institute for health and clinical excellence criteria.
genotype analyses , including the apoe polymorphism , were made in blinded fashion.
haplotype analysis revealed significant differences in haplotype frequency distribution between these groups.
conclusion : foxo1 may influence the clinical response to acheis in ad patients.
therefore , we investigated the changes of ape in aging rat kidney since aging is the consequence of increased susceptibility to apoptosis and impaired repair.
characteristics of chronological aging were compared among 6- , 24- and 28-month-old male sprague-dawley rats.
serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured for renal function.
western blot assay was compared for p53 , bax , cleaved caspase @number@ rh2ax , and ape1.
immunohistochemical staining of ( 8-ohdg ) and ape1 was performed.
cellular senescence was checked by beta-galactosidase staining.
compared with young rats , aged rats showed significant increase in creatinine level with cellular senescence in the proximal convoluted tubules confirmed by beta-galactosidase staining.
these results suggested that ape1 might have little protective effects on p53-dependent apoptosis irrespective of dna repair activities in aged renal proximal tubules.
background & objective : one of the most important challenges in public health is to improve the quality of life in elders.
aging may cause various disorders such as disabilities , high risk conditions and some chronic disease.
in this study the effect of educational intervention based on precede-proceed on quality of life in elders was examined.
data collection tool was a triploid questionnaire that included demographic data , questions of precede-proceed constructs and sf-36 questionnaire.
the validity and reliability of questionnaire confirmed by experts and cranach's alpha coefficient ( @percent@ ) .
after intervention the mean score of quality of life only in experimental group significantly increased from @number@ to @number@
behavior and self-rated health were the strongest predictors for quality of life in this study.
conclusion : implementation educational intervention based on precedes-proceed model can improve quality of life in elders.
elderly women and older elderly individuals compared with elderly men and younger elderly should be considering as an important risk factor for reducing hrqol.
clinical scales are widely used in anti-ageing research and practice.
more than @number@ skin ageing scales exist , which makes it difficult to choose outcome measures and to compare study results.
the objectives were to assess and evaluate the quality of measurement properties of available clinical skin ageing scales.
a systematic review was conducted.
electronic databases including medline ( @number@ to @date@ ) and embase ( @number@ to @date@ ) were searched via ovid sp.
to enhance the sensitivity forward searches were conducted in scopus and web of science.
we identified @number@ scales in @number@ included publications.
thirty studies had good methodology for at least one measurement property.
forty-two scales were evaluated for their test-retest or interrater reliability.
nineteen showed high reliability coefficients.
a further @number@ instruments were partly supported by content and / or structural and / or criterion validity and / or hypotheses-testing evidence.
the majority of existing clinical skin ageing scales were developed for evaluating facial characteristics.
many scales quantify similar constructs.
in contrast to the high number of available scales there is limited evidence supporting their measurement properties.
development of new instruments should be justified , and existing ones investigated for scale behaviour using appropriate methods.
future research should aim to select and / or adapt existing scales to identify the ' best ' to improve clinical research and practice.
the stem cells thanks to their ability of unlimited division number or transformation into different cell types creating organs , are responsible for regeneration processes.
depending on the organism in which the stem cells exists , they divide to the plant or animal ones.
the later group includes the stem cells existing in both embryo's and adult human's organs.
it uses abilities of the different plant cells to dedifferentiation into stem cells and coming back to the pluripotent status.
the extracts obtained this way from the plant stem cells are currently used for production of both common or professional care cosmetics.
background : results of prospective studies examining the association between cystatin c and incident cognitive impairment have been inconsistent.
we tested the hypothesis that there is a u-shaped association in older women between cystatin c and risk of incident cognitive impairment @number@ years later.
incident cognitive impairment was defined as either new onset of adjudicated diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
objective : to estimate and project the number of people affected worldwide by giant cell arteritis ( gca ) by @number@
modeling the number of people visually impaired as a result of this disease will help establish the projected morbidity and resource burden.
methods : a systematic literature review up to @date@ was conducted using pubmed and isi web of science.
studies reporting an incidence rate for gca were used to model disease incident cases at regional and national levels.
united nations population prospect data were used for population projections.
morbidity burden was established through rates of visual impairment.
the associated financial implications were calculated for the united states.
results : the number of incident cases of gca will increase secondary to an aging population.
by @number@ more than @number@ million people will have been diagnosed with gca in europe , north america , and oceania.
about @number@ people will be visually impaired.
by @number@ in the united states alone , the estimated cost from visual impairment due to gca will exceed us $ 76 billion.
inpatient care for patients with active gca will total about us $ 1 billion.
management of steroid-related adverse events will increase costs further , with steroid-induced fractures estimated to total us $ 6 billion by @number@
conclusion : projecting disease burden for gca on a global scale allows for optimization of healthcare planning and prioritization of research domains.
additional population-based studies are required to more accurately project worldwide disease burden.
our work highlights the future global disease burden of gca , and illustrates the associated financial implications.
does it matter that rodents used as preclinical models of human biology are routinely housed below their thermoneutral zone ?
the same genotype of mouse has a very different phenotype and response to physiological or pharmacological intervention when raised below or at thermoneutrality.
background : age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) has been linked to the shift in the pro-oxidant / antioxidant ratio.
our objectives were to assess serum levels of retinol and zinc among the elderly individuals and to correlate the levels with hearing threshold.
methods : prospective study of apparently healthy individuals aged ≥60 years of age.
participants had complete clinical history , physical examination and pure tone average conducted.
blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of retinol and zinc.
mann-whitney u test was used to compare retinol and zinc values.
pearson's correlation test was used to determine the relationship between hearing threshold and serum levels of retinol and zinc.
conclusion : serum retinol and zinc levels were significantly lower among elderly with hearing loss involving the high frequencies.
methods : a total of @number@ patients were investigated in this cross-sectional study.
the qol was assessed using the latest version of the audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life ( addqol ) .
conclusions : younger age at type @number@ diabetes diagnosis is significantly associated with a poor diabetes-related qol.
methods : data came from the longitudinal swedish adoption / twin study of aging ( satsa ) .
grip strength performance was followed in @number@ participants who were 50-88 years of age at baseline.
latent growth modelling was used for the longitudinal analyses.
results : a gender difference in the type of factors associated with grip strength performance and development across the adult lifespan was found.
significant factors for the age slopes for women were stress , smoking and dementia.
for men , marital status , mean arterial pressure , physical activity at work and having a chronic disorder were of importance.
these factors varied in their associations with grip strength across the adult lifespan.
conclusion : factors measured earlier in adulthood were associated with grip strength decline in late midlife and old adulthood.
results : the study included @number@ subjects ( m : f 78 : 22 ) .
mean age at biopsy and symptom duration was @number@.62±4.8 years and @time@ ±40.4 months , respectively.
a higher yield of biopsy was noted in subjects with asymmetric / multiple mononeuropathy compared with symmetric neuropathies ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
with minor differences , the aetiological profile in our biopsied neuropathic elderly subjects may reflect the findings in other similar cohorts.
to test construct validity , we evaluated the shape of the cp-fi-cga distribution , including its maximum value , relationship with age and gender.
criterion validity was evaluated by survival analysis and by the correlation between the cp-fi-cga and specialist-completed fi-cga.
results : the mean age was @number@.2±5.9 years.
the cp-fi-cga correlated well with the specialist-completed fi-cga ( @number@ p < 0.05 ) .
people who died had a higher cp-fi-cga than did survivors ( @number@.48±0.13 versus @number@.38±0.15 ) .
each @number@ increase in the fi was associated with a higher risk of death ( hr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : the cp-fi-cga has properties that resemble other published fis and may be useful in busy clinical practice for grading degrees of frailty.
it efficiently integrates information from care partners so that it can help guide decision-making.
febrile seizures affect 2-4% of all children and have a strong genetic component.
recurrent mutations in three main genes ( scn1a , scn1b and gabrg2 ) have been identified that cause febrile seizures with or without epilepsy.
here we report the identification of mutations in stx1b , encoding syntaxin-1b , that are associated with both febrile seizures and epilepsy.
whole-exome sequencing in independent large pedigrees identified cosegregating stx1b mutations predicted to cause an early truncation or an in-frame insertion or deletion.
three additional nonsense or missense mutations and a de novo microdeletion encompassing stx1b were then identified in @number@ familial or sporadic cases.
wild-type human syntaxin-1b but not a mutated protein rescued the effects of stx1b knockdown in zebrafish.
our results thus implicate stx1b and the presynaptic release machinery in fever-associated epilepsy syndromes.
hiv-infected adults had a greater risk of all @number@ outcomes compared with uninfected adults after accounting for important confounders.
conclusions : hiv-infected adults had a higher risk of these age-associated events , but they occurred at similar ages than those without hiv.
cd40 and baffr signaling play important roles in b cell proliferation and ig production.
finally , loss of dbc1 in mice leads to higher susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
our study identifies dbc1 as a novel regulator of b cell activation by suppressing the alternative nf-κb pathway.
it has been more recently recognized that arbs are neuroprotective and have potential therapeutic use in many brain disorders.
epidemiological analyses reported that arbs reduced the progression of alzheimer's disease , and clinical studies suggested amelioration of cognitive loss following stroke and aging.
these include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation and other still poorly defined mechanisms.
the accumulation of pre-clinical evidence should promote further epidemiological and controlled clinical studies.
repurposing arbs for the treatment of brain disorders , currently without effective therapy , may be of immediate and major translational value.
background : it has been suggested that oxidative injuries have a role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
objectives : many studies investigated serum ua levels in ad patients , but to date , results from these observational studies are conflicting.
in this study , we assess whether serum ua levels would be altered in the ad jordanian patients compared to those of the healthy controls.
methods : serum ua and lipid profile levels were measured in @number@ ad patients and @number@ healthy controls.
results were statistically evaluated at p < @number@ level of significance.
the arabic version of the mini-mental state examination ( mmse-a ) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of all participants.
results : demographic variables indicate that individuals that are illiterate demonstrate a @number@ fold ( p = @number@ ) increase in risk of developing ad.
no significant differences could be found between the two groups in lipid profile levels.
pearson correlation coefficients and multivarient linear regression show no significant correlation between mmse and continuous variables in ad patients except for age.
conclusion : the results suggest that serum ua levels are significantly lower in ad patients in comparison to control subjects.
ua may have a protective role against ad ; however this role needs further investigations.
method : participants were recruited for the baltimore study of black aging - patterns of cognitive aging.
cognitive measures from six domains of function were administered at baseline and follow-up @number@ months later.
results : there were significant multivariate within-group , between-group , and interaction effects ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no significant univariate interactions between schooling group or age cohort and cognitive change over time.
results : over a median follow-up time of @number@ years , @number@ of the @number@ participants met mcr criteria.
mcr incidence was higher with older age but there were no sex differences.
conclusions : the incidence of mcr is high in older adults.
identification of modifiable risk factors for mcr will improve identification of high-risk individuals and help develop interventions to prevent cognitive decline in aging.
methods : after excluding the presence of pathogenic mitochondrial dna mutations , whole-exome sequencing of blood dna from the index patient was performed.
detected homozygous mutations and their cosegregation were confirmed by sanger sequencing.
cars2 ( cysteinyl-trna synthetase @number@ mitochondrial ) messenger rna analysis was performed by reverse transcription pcr and sequencing.
results : we identified a homozygous c.655g > a mutation in the cars2 gene cosegregating in the family.
the mutation is localized at the last nucleotide of exon @number@ and thus is predicted to cause aberrant splicing.
analysis of the cars2 messenger rna showed that the presence of the mutation resulted in removal of exon @number@
conclusion : cars2 is a novel disease gene associated with a severe progressive myoclonic epilepsy most resembling merrf syndrome.
objective measurement of physical activity using wearable devices such as accelerometers may provide tantalizing new insights into the association between activity and health outcomes.
accelerometers can record quasi-continuous activity information for many days and for hundreds of individuals.
the age-dependent random patterns are analyzed by a new functional principal component analysis that incorporates both covariate dependence and multilevel structure.
for the analysis , we propose a practical and very fast trivariate spline smoother to estimate covariate-dependent covariances and their spectra.
results reveal several interesting , previously unknown , circadian patterns associated with human aging and gender.
the health of older people is a priority in many countries as the world's population ages.
attitudes towards help seeking behaviours in older people remain a largely unexplored field of research.
this is particularly true for older minority groups where the place that they have migrated to presents both cultural and structural challenges.
the uk , like other countries , has an increasingly aging chinese population about who relatively little is known.
this study used a qualitative grounded theory design following the approach of glaser ( @number@ ) .
qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with @number@ chinese elders who were aged between @number@ and @number@ using purposive and theoretical sampling approaches.
data were analysed using the constant comparative method until data saturation occurred and a substantive theory was generated.
the theory was generated around the core explanations provided by participants and chinese elders ' concerns about health issues they face in their daily life.
we also present data about how they direct their health-related activities towards meeting their physical and psychological goals of being healthy.
this study highlights the need for intervention and health support for chinese elders.
motile and primary cilia ( pc ) are microtubule-based structures located at the cell surface of many cell types.
cilia govern cellular functions ranging from motility to integration of mechanical and chemical signaling from the environment.
recent studies highlight the interplay between cilia and autophagy , a conserved cellular process responsible for intracellular degradation.
signaling from the pc recruits the autophagic machinery to trigger autophagosome formation.
conversely , autophagy regulates ciliogenesis by controlling the levels of ciliary proteins.
the role of the hippocampus in memory is dependent on its interaction with distributed brain areas.
we also performed volumetric analysis which revealed no significant structural differences between groups.
these findings provide evidence that \ "functional anatomy \ " which supports normal memory performance changes across the life span.
background : idiopathic epiretinal membrane ( ierm ) is a fibrocellular membrane that proliferates on the inner surface of the retina at the macular area.
membrane contraction is an important sight-threatening event and is due to fibrotic remodeling.
methods : analysis of the current literature regarding the epidemiology , clinical features , and pathogenesis of ierm and fibrotic tissue contraction.
results : epidemiologic studies report a relationship between ierm prevalence , increasing age , and posterior vitreous detachment.
clinically , ierm progresses through different stages characterized by an increased thickness and wrinkling of the membrane.
pathophysiologically , ierm formation is a fibrotic process in which myofibroblast formation and the deposition of newly formed collagens play key roles.
anomalous posterior vitreous detachment may be a key event initiating the formation of ierm.
the role of tlr4 in the pathophysiology of several age-related diseases is also well recognized , such as prostate cancer ( pca ) .
methods : we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies analyzing this relationship and included only white population.
considering appropriate criteria , only nine studies were analyzed in the meta-analysis , including @number@ aggressive pca and @number@ controls.
meta-regression revealed that study type was not a significant source of between-study heterogeneity.
conclusions : tlr4 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the risk of aggressive pca.
neutrophil activation is associated with the development of organ injury after trauma-hemorrhagic shock.
in the present study , ursolic acid inhibited the superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils.
administration of ursolic acid attenuated trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced hepatic and lung injuries in rats.
in addition , administration of ursolic acid attenuated the hepatic malondialdehyde levels and reduced the plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels after trauma-hemorrhagic shock.
in hiv-infected patients a low cd4 : cd8 ratio can persist despite cd4 recovery with long-term antiretroviral treatment ( art ) .
a total of @number@ patients with a > 15 year history of hiv infection and art were included , @number@ of whom were suppressed.
all subjects were tested for interleukin ( il ) -6 , high-sensitivity ( hs ) -pcr , and d-dimer levels.
complete clinical , therapeutic , and hematochemical data were retrieved.
coreceptor tropism based on hiv-dna gp120 genotyping was also available within the past @number@ months.
a progressive increase in the cd4 : cd8 ratio over time was observed without reaching a plateau.
a normal ratio was observed in @percent@ of patients.
variables associated with an inverted cd4 : cd8 ratio were older age , nadir cd4 , and detectable hiv viremia.
in conclusion , cd4 : cd8 ratio normalization occurs rarely , even after several years of art.
chronic inflammation in patients aging with hiv does not seem to be directly dependent on the cd4 : cd8 ratio.
for each , we detail the rationale for its development and explain how to score , analyze , and interpret results.
method : nshap developed its measures by modifying traditional short-form scales to improve response efficiency and reduce respondent burden.
scoring protocols and interpretations were developed for each measure.
u.s. population estimates for older adults born between @number@ and @number@ were generated using age-eligible samples from waves @number@ and @number@
results : nshap's protocols yielded u.s. prevalence rates similar to other nationally representative studies of older adults and comparable between waves.
analytic strategies for longitudinal analyses are provided.
in wave @number@ mental health generally was worse at older ages , with women having more symptoms at younger ages than men.
women had fewer anxiety symptoms at the oldest ages.
depressive symptoms and unhappiness may form a mental health cluster in the elderly , distinct from anxiety symptoms , perceived stress , and felt loneliness.
gender differences in age-specific patterns of mental health were evident using the exact age of participants rather than the traditional decade groupings.
this is the first time many of these constructs have been measured in a nationally representative sample.
method : we describe the new measures and compare the distributions of each across gender and age groups , in some cases by partnership status.
both men and women find nonsexual physical contact appealing but sexual physical contact is more appealing to men than women.
results : the nshap network change module was successful in providing reliable information about specific changes that occurred within respondents ' confidant networks.
most respondents lost at least one confidant from w1 and added at least one new confidant between waves as well.
network growth was more common than network shrinkage.
both lost and new ties were weaker than ties that persisted throughout the study period.
data limitations are discussed.
objectives : the national social life , health , and aging project is a nationally representative , longitudinal survey of older adults.
a main component is the collection of biomeasures to objectively assess physiological status relevant to psychosocial variables , aging conditions , and disease.
the effects of aging , gender , and their interaction are presented in the specific biomeasure papers included in this special issue.
all were designed for collection in respondents ' homes by nonmedically trained field interviewers.
results : both repeated and novel biomeasures were successful.
those in wave @number@ were refined to improve quality , and ensure consistency for longitudinal analysis.
four new biospecimens yielded @number@ novel measures.
developed for home interviews , these biomeasures are readily applicable to other surveys.
assays for ot , avp , and creatinine , including freeze-thaw cycles , were refined and validated.
weighted values estimated levels in the older u.s. population.
results : older adults had lower ot , but higher avp , without the marked gender differences seen in young adults.
creatinine levels ( ≥ @number@ mg / ml ) identified such specimens that were diluted to solve the problem.
in contrast , the standard avp assay was unaffected ( @percent@ interpretable ) and urine acidity predicted specimens with low ot concentrations.
ot and avp assays tolerated @number@ freeze-thaw cycles , making this protocol useful in a variety of field conditions.
discussion : these novel protocols yielded interpretable urinary ot and avp values , with sufficient variation for analyzing their social and physiological associations.
the problem of mild dehydration is also likely common in animal field studies , which may also benefit from these collection and assay protocols.
objectives : sex hormones affect physical , mental , and social health , yet their role in mediating social effects on aging is understudied.
method : saliva from passive drool was collected from returning wave @number@ respondents and non-respondents as well as their partners during an in-home interview.
re69995 ) .
overall , @number@ testosterone , @number@ estradiol , @number@ progesterone , and @number@ dhea measurements are publically available for wave @number@ analyses.
through a series of weighted linear regressions , all @number@ steroids are compared by gender and age and to wave @number@ measurements.
both free testosterone and dhea decreased with age.
we also found significant wave effects for all @number@ sex hormones.
gram-stained specimens were evaluated for bv using the nugent score as well as presence of candida.
results : bv was prevalent in @percent@ and @percent@ of postmenopausal women in waves @number@ and @number@ and increased with age.
a 5-year age increase contributed to the prevalence change across waves.
methods refinements in wave @number@ improved the detection of bv and candida and clarified their relationship with age.
objectives : longitudinal biomeasures of health are still new in nationally representative social science survey research.
method : we collected and analyzed hba1c , glycated hemoglobin , a biomeasure of average blood sugar concentrations within the past few months.
improvements were made in the collection protocol for wave @number@ and assays were performed by a different lab.
changes in collection protocol and labs between waves may have yielded small systematic differences that require analysts to carefully interpret absolute hba1c values.
we recommend analytic methods for cross wave differences in hba1c and steps to ensure cross wave comparability in future studies.
all analyses used wald tests to compare sample means.
women also reported more intense pain compared to men-2.13 versus @number@ respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
pain items demonstrated remarkable similarity among age cohorts.
health indicators were significant and in the expected direction ( p < @number@ ) .
discussion : pain presence , location , and intensity measures were successfully integrated into nshap wave @number@ and exhibit construct and external validity.
the purpose of this paper was to describe the data collection methods and report preliminary population estimates for each measures.
an adapted phenotypic frailty scale was constructed in the sample common to both waves ( n = @number@ ) .
changes over @number@ years were reported for four measures common to both waves.
results : the functional measures worsened with age ( p < @number@ ) .
the syndromes were more prevalent with age except \ "all fractures \ " ( p value range < .001-.03 ) .
changes from wave @number@ to @number@ revealed @number@.5%-25.2% of individuals reported better health and @number@.3%-44.7% reported worse health.
discussion : the nshap provides a comprehensive assessment of geriatric health.
our findings are consistent with the literature and support the construct of the study measures.
the ccfm was subsequently incorporated into nshap , wave @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
the moca took an average of @number@.6min ; the time for the ccfm was @number@ min.
ccfm scores ( 0-20 ) can be used as a continuous outcome or to adjust for cognition in a multivariable analysis.
ccfm scores were highly correlated with moca scores ( r = @number@ ) .
modeling projects moca scores from ccfm scores using the equation : moca = ( @number@ × ccfm ) + @number@
in wave @number@ the overall weighted mean ccfm score was @number@ ( se @number@ ) .
discussion : a survey-based adaptation of the moca was successfully integrated into a nationally representative sample of older adults , nshap wave @number@
prevalences for each condition were reported as percentages and were also estimated separately by age group and gender.
results : hypertension , incontinence , arthritis , heart conditions , cancer , and diabetes were the most prevalent conditions.
in general , prevalences of most chronic conditions increased with age.
additionally , there were several notable gender differences in chronic condition prevalence.
discussion : wave @number@ of nshap included a variety of measures assessing the chronic conditions that are the most prevalent in older adults.
these data are a valuable resource for the study of the impact of chronic conditions on overall health and aging.
method : there were @number@ important innovations.
first , the scope of the study was expanded by collecting data from coresident spouses or romantic partners.
results : among both men and women , older age was associated with self-reported impairment of vision , hearing , and pleasantness of light touch.
compared with women , men reported significantly worse hearing and found light touch less appealing.
there were no gender differences for vision.
overall , hearing loss seemed to have a greater impact on social function than did visual impairment.
discussion : sensory function declines across age groups , with notable gender differences for hearing and light touch.
future analyses of these data are needed to elucidate the sense of smell's role in physical , social , and mental health with aging.
method : a randomly selected one-third of wave @number@ participants and their spouses or coresident partners were invited to participate in the sleep module.
this information is stored and subsequently analyzed to determine sleep and wake periods by epoch.
individuals were instructed to wear the actiwatches for @number@ hr.
several sleep parameters were derived from the accelerometer.
individuals concurrently kept a sleep diary.
results : sleep actigraphy data were successfully collected from @number@ individuals.
many of the survey-based and the actigraph-estimated sleep parameters varied by age and gender.
however , age and gender patterns often differed for sleep characteristics that were both asked and measured , such as sleep duration.
discussion : the survey and actigraphy data provide different information about sleep characteristics.
also , describe the levels of big five traits across gender and age.
results : esem revealed a 5-factor structure in the nshap battery , but with considerable cross-loadings.
when these cross-loadings were not included in the model , model fit notably worsened.
reliabilities of big five scales were comparable to the hrs and midus , even though nshap's battery is shorter.
we recommend models which allow for cross-loadings.
background : coarctation of the aorta is a congenital malformation that has long been considered completely correctable with appropriate surgery in childhood.
however , with the aging of these patients , many late complications have been reported , and this notion must be reevaluated.
results : the median time from coarctation repair to reoperation was @number@ years.
one patient died due to an intraoperative complication.
in the other cases , the surgical results were satisfactory at the 6-month follow-up.
conclusion : patients who have undergone repair of aortic coarctation frequently remain asymptomatic for a long time.
late complications can be appropriately treated when diagnosed early.
the challenge of global population aging has been brought into sharper focus by the financial crisis of @number@
yet population aging is a global phenomenon that will continue to affect all regions of the world.
language is a crucial and complex lifelong faculty , underpinned by dynamic interactions within and between specialized brain networks.
whereas normal aging impairs specific aspects of language production , most core language processes are robust to brain aging.
cognitive neuroscience has revealed aging of the human brain to be rich in reorganization and change.
neuroimaging results have recast our framework around cognitive aging from one of decline to one emphasizing plasticity.
human cognitive aging differs between and is malleable within individuals.
longitudinal studies suggest that leading an intellectually challenging , physically active , and socially engaged life may mitigate losses and consolidate gains.
objectives : spousal support within marriage may be particularly important in old age when spouses become more likely to rely on each other's help.
however , spousal support does not have to be unanimously positive.
in fact , very little is known about covariations in spousal affect and aches as couples engage in their daily routines and environments.
interestingly , high spousal support was both associated with reduced overall na means but also with an increased covariation in na between partners.
no similar covariations were observed for aches and pa.
we investigate the association of brain volume to total and cause-specific mortality in a large nondemented stroke-free community-based cohort.
methods : the analysis includes @number@ men and women ( born 1907-1935 ) participating in the age , gene , environment susceptibility-reykjavik study.
participants with a known brain-related high risk for mortality ( cognitive impairment or stroke ) were excluded from these analyses.
brain atrophy was expressed as brain tissue volume divided by total intracranial volume , yielding a percentage.
mean follow-up duration was @number@ ( 0-10 ) years , with @number@ deaths.
overall , the associations were similar for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular-related deaths.
conclusions : independent of multiple risk factors and cerebral vascular damage , global brain volume predicts mortality in a large nondemented stroke-free community-dwelling older cohort.
objective : homocysteine can accelerate the senescence of endothelial progenitor cells or endothelial cells ( ecs ) via telomerase inactivation and length shortening.
however , the underlying mechanism is unclear.
interestingly , homocysteine-stimulated but not angiotensin ii-stimulated ecs senescence could be reversed by hypermethylation induced by folic acid or s-adenosylmethionine supplementation.
furthermore , the ccctc-binding factor-dependent mechanism of homocysteine-reduced htert expression via dna demethylation was confirmed in aortic endothelia of mice with hyperhomocysteine levels.
conclusions : ccctc-binding factor and sp1 cross talk may contribute to homocysteine-reduced htert dna methylation and expression in endothelial senescence.
objective : following national trends , washington state relies heavily on foreign-born workers to provide long-term care.
methods : we used independently available data to supplement a survey of nursing home administrators.
results : nearly half of the administrators reported difficulty hiring u.s.-born job applicants.
nonetheless , the proportion of foreign-born employees was positively associated with independent facility quality ratings.
almost half of the administrators reported discrimination by patients / clients toward their foreign-born workers.
quality ratings were negatively associated with for-profit , chain , or multi-ownership status.
discussion : the proportion of foreign-born employees in nursing facilities may be associated with improved performance.
results reveal that nearly one-half of the sample revised their rating of childhood health during the 10-year observation period.
we then illustrate the impact that these changes may have on an adult outcomes : namely , depressive symptoms.
the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) in the community in portugal is not completely understood.
to evaluate s. aureus and mrsa carriage among the elderly , we conducted a large cross-sectional study between @date@ and @date@ .
a total of @number@ adults over @number@ years of age were screened for s. aureus nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal carriage.
risk factors for mrsa carriage were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.
the prevalence of s. aureus and mrsa carriage among the elderly was @number@ % and @number@ % , respectively.
among the @number@ mrsa isolates , @number@ % were multidrug-resistant and none carried pvl.
we conclude that the elderly population in portugal is essentially free of mrsa.
background and objectives : various dietary strategies have been investigated to slow kidney function decline.
data were collected between @number@ and @number@
serum creatinine measurements were taken a mean @number@ years apart.
a baseline dietary questionnaire was extrapolated into a previously used 9-point scoring system ( medi ) .
conditional logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and baseline vascular risk factors.
incident egfr < 60 ml / min per @number@ m ( @number@ ) developed in @percent@ .
methods : we employed pooled cross-sectional time series analysis.
our measure of relative poverty was based upon the standard @percent@ of median income.
the measure of absolute , or fixed , poverty was based upon the us poverty threshold.
our analyses were conducted on data for @number@ countries between @number@ and @number@ a total of @number@ data points.
we separately studied infant , child , and adult mortality.
results : our findings highlight the importance of relative poverty for mortality.
conversely , the relative poverty estimates increased when adjusting for confounders.
our results seemed robust to a number of sensitivity tests.
chronic changes in resistance and heart rate were the dominant contributors to change in ea.
changes in arterial compliance had little impact on changes in ea , but were strongly associated with changes in ees.
therapies designed to improve arterial resistance and particularly to enhance aortic compliance may hold promise to prevent or reverse cardiac ageing and its sequelae.
telomere deprotection occurs during tumorigenesis and aging upon telomere shortening or loss of the telomeric shelterin component trf2.
deprotected telomeres undergo changes in chromatin structure and elicit a dna damage response ( ddr ) that leads to cellular senescence.
the telomeric long noncoding rna terra has been implicated in modulating the structure and processing of deprotected telomeres.
we show that terra associates with suv39h1 h3k9 histone methyltransferase , which promotes accumulation of h3k9me3 at damaged telomeres and end-to-end fusions.
altogether our data elucidate the terra landscape and defines critical roles for this rna in the telomeric dna damage response.
exposure to ovarian sex steroids during different life phases has long-term effects on women's health and wellbeing.
menopause is characterized by rapid decline in ovarian sex steroids already during mid-life , between the ages of @number@ and @number@
due to the menopause-related hormonal changes , women in most western countries live more than one-third of their lives in postmenopausal status.
this review considers how different components of the neuromuscular system may be influenced by estrogens and so affects neuromuscular function in postmenopausal women.
the main focus is on muscle strength and power , which are closely associated with mobility and functional capacity among older populations.
the last decade has witnessed the development and characterization of tracers for the evaluation of neuropathology in vivo.
aβ and tau imaging will enable to establish the role aβ and tau play -and interplay- in aging and disease.
the strength training has been shown to be effective for attenuating the age-related physiological decline.
however , the adequate volume of strength training volume adequate to promote improvements , mainly during the initial period of training , still remains controversial.
anthropometric and blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of the intervention period.
after @number@ weeks , while the silhouette slimmed down , metabolic parameters were significantly improved and general satisfaction considerably ameliorated.
objectives : contradictory results have been found for the impact of therapist's adherence and competence on intervention outcomes.
most studies focus on generic aspects of competence and adherence , rather than taking into account treatment-specific aspects or specific challenges of the clientele.
appropriate analyses are lacking for cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) with caregivers of people with dementia.
therapist's adherence to the manual was also assessed.
therapist's adherence had no relationship to outcome , but the higher application of modifying dysfunctional thoughts was associated with higher goal attainment.
conclusion : the results suggest the importance of treatment-specific competencies for outcome.
however , protein expression within different thymic subsets , stromal and / or lymphoid , has not been characterized due a lack of specific reagents.
epidemiological and cellular biological studies indicate the influence of impaired circadian biological rhythmicity on atherosclerosis.
however , the association between lan exposure and atherosclerosis has never been explored in humans.
averages of mean and maximal carotid imt were @number@ ± @number@ mm and @number@ ± @number@ mm , respectively.
median intensity of lan exposure was @number@ lux ( interquartile range , @number@ @date@ ) .
in conclusion , these results suggested that lan exposure in home settings is significantly associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in the general elderly population.
midpupil lid distances and angles of the medial and lateral canthal ends were also analyzed , and the palpebral fissure inclination was measured.
results : midpupil lid distances decreased in all angles with advancing age.
conclusions : normal eyelid contour in asians was the shape of an arch that has higher temporal lid contour than the nasal one.
there were remarkable decreases in midpupil lid distances in the temporal sectors of the lid fissure with aging , especially at the lateral canthal end.
background : the columella serves as the medial limb of the nasal tripod , with the medial crura functioning as the cartilaginous framework.
although soft-tissue of the columella may have both functional and aesthetic implications , it is a topic not often discussed in the rhinoplasty literature.
the objective of this study was to evaluate soft-tissue histology of the columella and discuss findings that are pertinent to clinical rhinoplasty.
methods : ten fresh cadaver heads were obtained from the university of texas southwestern willed body program.
en bloc resections of the columella were harvested.
specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.
subsequently , specimens were sectioned serially and stained.
staining with hematoxylin and eosin was performed to evaluate collagen and fat composition.
van gieson elastin stain was completed to assess for elastin fibers.
results : laterally , the columella was framed by stratified squamous epithelium , which transitioned to mucosa at the level of the membranous septum.
an areolar tissue plane was found between the skin and adjacent medial crura.
much greater soft-tissue volume was present between the bilateral medial crura.
soft-tissue composition was found to be heterogenous , with varying distributions of tissue at different levels of the columella.
present in notable volume were fibroblasts , collagen fibers , elastin fibers , adipocytes , and neurovascular structures.
conclusions : columella soft-tissue is remarkable for the presence of fibroblasts , collagen and elastin fibers , muscle fibers , and adipocytes.
these findings may have significant implications regarding surgical maneuvers influencing tip projection , effects of aging on the nose , and columellar aesthetics and function.
this study explored factors contributing to older adults ' self-perceptions about their own aging in assisted living ( al ) communities.
data analysis was completed based on interviews with @number@ older residents from @number@ al communities.
health perception mediated attitudes toward personal aging.
findings suggest the importance of social workers helping older al residents recognize social support as a means of promoting their positive self-regard.
an instrumental variable approach is used.
the nrsp is more likely to significantly improve the quality of life of one-child elders.
the long-term stability and γ-sterilisability of bioactive layers is the precondition for the application of implants.
surprisingly , within @number@ days @percent@ of the primary amino groups are lost and mostly converted into amides.
a positive zeta-potential was verified for half a year and longer.
increasing polar surface groups and a water contact angle shift from 60° to 40° are further indications of altered surface properties.
these cell-relevant characteristics were highly significant over the whole period of one year and may not be related to the existence of primary amino groups.
the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of physical health on neuropsychological test norms.
medical and neuropsychological data from @number@ healthy volunteer controls , aged 26-91 years , were collected during five recruitment occasions.
the examinations included a clinical investigation , brain neuroimaging , and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.
test-specific statistical regression-weights for age , education and gender were calculated to establish preliminary test norms.
no differences were found at age @number@
aberrant activation of s6 kinase @number@ ( s6k1 ) is found in many diseases , including diabetes , aging , and cancer.
cellular data reveal that fl772 is able to inhibit s6k phosphorylation in yeast cells.
background : muscle mass , intermuscular adipose tissue , and strength are important indicators of physical function.
methods : data are from the age , gene / environment susceptibility-reykjavik study , a prospective cohort aged 66-96 y at baseline.
the analytic sample included @number@ participants with cross-sectional measures of muscle parameters and @number@ participants with data on change in muscle parameters.
pufas were assessed at study baseline through use of gc.
muscle parameters were assessed at baseline and after a median of @number@ y.
muscle area and intermuscular adipose tissue were assessed with computed tomography.
maximal grip strength and knee extension strength were assessed with dynometers.
relative changes in muscle parameters ( % ) were calculated.
multivariate linear regression was performed to calculate unstandardized regression coefficients and p values for trends across tertiles of fas are reported.
higher concentrations of arachidonic acid were associated with smaller muscle size ( p-trend : @number@ ) .
longitudinal analyses showed positive associations for α-linolenic acid with increased knee extension strength ( p-trend : @number@ ) .
no other associations were observed.
methods : participants were @number@ individuals aged @number@ to @number@ years from the three-city dijon study.
plasma aβ measurement and mri examination were performed at baseline and after a 4-year follow-up.
mri markers of svd included white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) , lacunes , and enlarged perivascular spaces.
we also assessed whether these relations were modified by vascular risk factors , notably blood pressure.
consistently low aβ1-40 and aβ1-42 levels on both measurements were associated with accelerated progression of wmh.
these associations were modified by blood pressure levels but not the apoe ε4 genotype.
conclusions : progression of wmh volume in dementia-free older persons is associated with levels of circulating plasma aβ.
these results reinforce the notion of an interrelation of vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms in cerebral aging.
objective : to evaluate fmri whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity changes in relation to cognitive decline in parkinson disease ( pd ) over a 3-year period.
results : in the cross-sectional analysis , we found widespread decreases of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with pd in comparison to controls.
subsequent comparison between the @number@ timepoints revealed that patients with pd displayed further decreases in functional connectivity independent of aging effects.
the strong correlation with decreasing cognitive performance supports the pathophysiologic role of reduced functional connectivity in cognitive decline and the development of dementia in pd.
background : frailty is a state of vulnerability to adverse outcomes.
routine identification of frailty is recommended in international guidance.
this systematic review investigates the diagnostic test accuracy ( dta ) of simple instruments for identifying frailty in community-dwelling older people.
methods : the review methodology followed cochrane procedures.
databases were searched from @date@ to @date@ .
sensitivity , specificity , positive predictive value , negative predictive value and likelihood ratios were calculated for index tests.
risk of bias was assessed using the quadas-2 checklist.
results : three studies involving @number@ participants were included.
median frailty prevalence was @percent@.
for a gait speed of < 0.8 m / s , the sensitivity = @number@ and specificity = @number@
for the prisma @number@ the sensitivity = @number@ and specificity = @number@
for the timed get-up-and-go test of @number@ s , the sensitivity = @number@ and specificity = @number@
dta was notably lower for all other index tests.
all three studies were judged at unclear risk of bias.
discussion : slow gait speed , prisma @number@ and the timed get-up-and-go test have high sensitivity for identifying frailty.
however , limited specificity implies many false-positive results which means that these instruments cannot be used as accurate single tests to identify frailty.
wrinkle formation caused by photoaging clearly involves changes in extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties of the skin.
conclusions : this in vivo study demonstrates that honeybush produces significant anti-wrinkle effects and is therefore of interest in anti-aging skin care products.
innate and adaptive immune function was assessed by ex vivo whole blood stimulation with lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) and phytohemagglutinin , respectively.
monocyte hla-dr expression , regulatory t cells , plasma interleukin ( il ) -6 , and il-8 levels were also measured.
results : thirty-one transfused critically ill children and eight healthy controls were studied.
rbc storage time was not associated with changes in adaptive immune function.
this was not seen with fresher rbcs.
rbc transfusion had no short-term association with adaptive immune function.
further studies are warranted to confirm these findings in a larger cohort of patients.
we conducted a cross-sectional study of subjects with dlb ( n = @number@ ) and similarly aged control participants ( n = @number@ ) .
all subjects underwent a detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessment and structural and quantitative 3t mri.
quantitative mri maps were obtained using relaxation time mapping methods.
statistical analysis was performed on gray matter qt1 and qt2 values.
we found significant alterations of quantitative parameters in dlb compared to controls.
these regions showed only partial overlap with areas where grey matter loss was found , making atrophy an unlikely explanation for our results.
hence , quantitative mri may compliment other imaging techniques in detecting early changes in dlb and in understanding neurobiological changes associated with the disorder.
inherited mutations in genes related to ber can give rise to disorders involving cancer , immunodeficiency and neurodegeneration.
in humans , measurement of ber variation has been imperfect to this point , yet tools to assess ber in epidemiological surveys are steadily evolving.
we provide herein an overview of the ber pathway and discuss the current efforts toward defining the relationship of ber defects with disease susceptibility.
the present study aimed to evaluate whether ginsenoside-rg5 had any marked cytotoxic , apoptotic or dna-damaging effects in human cervical cancer cells.
additionally , the effects of ginsenoside-rg5 on the apoptosis of hela and ms751 cells were detected using dna ladder assays and flow cytometry.
dna damage was assessed in the hela and ms751 cells using alkaline comet assays and by detection of γh2ax focus formation.
the hela and ms751 cells were significantly more sensitive to ginsenoside-rg5 treatment compared with the c-33a , ht-3 and me180 cells.
as expected , ginsenoside-rg5 induced significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in apoptosis.
in addition , ginsenoside-rg5 induced significant concentration-dependent increases in the level of dna damage compared with the negative control.
maintaining or adopting an active lifestyle alleviates age-related muscle loss to a certain extent.
considerable research focus has addressed the application of dietary protein supplementation to support exercise-induced gains in muscle mass in younger individuals.
older individuals display a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein ingestion.
however , this reduced anabolic response can largely be overcome when physical activity is performed in close temporal proximity to protein consumption.
evidence demonstrates that when these principles are adhered to , muscle maintenance or hypertrophy over prolonged periods can be further augmented in active older persons.
a lifestyle-related disease and osteoporosis are diseases to increase with aging and a lifestyle-related disease has an influence on the bone metabolism.
because the number of patients with lifestyle-related disease is getting larger , it is necessary to prevent fracture in those.
it is suggested by the subanalysis in the existing clinical study with usefulness of bisphosphonates with evidence as an osteoporotic therapeutic drug in life-related disease.
here i will review about the effective and problem with bisphosphonate for the lifestyle-related disease with arteriosclerosis.
anxiety produces maladaptive cardiovascular changes and accelerates biological aging.
compared with yla , yha and mla displayed attenuated vagal withdraw response ( hf ) to st.
bp and lfsbp responses to st in yha and mla were higher compared with the yla group.
these findings suggest that anxiety could be linked to cardiovascular aging as it attenuates cardiac reactivity and exaggerates vascular responses to stress.
an important contributor to hospital-associated disability is immobility during hospitalization.
preliminary results from stride , a clinical demonstration program of supervised walking for older adults admitted to the hospital with medical illness , are reported.
median length of stay was @number@ days for stride participants and @number@ days for individuals receiving usual care ( p = @number@ ) .
there was one inpatient fall in each group ( not associated with a stride walk ) .
thirty-day emergency department visit rates and readmission rates were not significantly different between the two groups.
stride is a promising interdisciplinary approach to promoting mobility and improving outcomes in hospitalized older adults.
summary : a growing elderly population is expected worldwide , and the burden of hip fractures on health care system will continue to increase.
by @number@ there will be a @number@.7-fold increase in the number of hip fractures in taiwan.
the study provides quantitative basis for the future distribution of medical resources.
introduction : hip fractures have long been recognized as a major public health concern.
methods : a nationwide survey was conducted using data from the taiwan national health insurance research database from @number@ to @number@
a total of @number@ hip fractures were identified , with a mean of @number@ fractures / year.
annual incidences of hip fractures were calculated and tested for trends.
results : the incidence rates of hip fracture during 2004-2011 were @number@ and @number@ per @number@ person-years among women and men , respectively.
over this 8-year period , the age-standardized incidence of hip fracture decreased by @percent@ among women and @percent@ among men.
despite the decline in the age-standardized incidence , the absolute number of hip fractures increased owing to the aging population.
the number of hip fractures is expected to increase from @number@ in @number@ to @number@ in 2035-a @number@.7-fold increase.
the number of bed days for @number@ and @number@ was estimated at @number@ and @number@ respectively , representing a @number@.1-fold increase.
conclusions : the socioeconomic impact of hip fractures will be high in the near future.
this study provides a quantitative basis for future policy decisions to serve this need.
previous research examining the impact of unilateral divorce law ( udl ) on the prevalence of divorce has provided mixed results.
we find that udl in total increased the incidence of marital breakdown by about @number@ %.
this finding , however , neglects potential selection effects into marriage.
moreover , we find that udl particularly affects marital stability in the presence of children.
cerebral cavernous malformations ( ccms ) are vascular abnormalities that may cause seizures , intracerebral haemorrhages , and focal neurological deficits.
familial form shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expression.
three genes have been identified causing familial ccm : krit1 / ccm1 , mgc4607 / ccm2 , and pdcd10 / ccm3.
aim of this study is to report additional pdcd10 / ccm3 families poorly described so far which account for 10-15% of hereditary cerebral cavernous malformations.
we identified mutations in over @percent@ of cases , and pdcd10 / ccm3 accounts for @percent@.
pdcd10 / ccm3 molecular screening revealed four already known mutations and four novel ones.
the mutated patients show an earlier onset of clinical manifestations as compared to ccm1 / ccm2 mutated patients.
aim : to study the prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed type @number@ diabetes in primary care in relation to their baseline c-peptide concentration.
data on cardiovascular complications and death were extracted from national registers and a local study of retinopathy.
statistical analyses were performed using cox regression.
by contrast , c-peptide concentration was not associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events or the development of retinopathy.
depressive symptoms were measured using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ; pain was measured with an adapted version of the nottingham health profile.
follow-up time and age were used as proxy variables for aging and gait speed as frailty marker.
cognition , mastery and neuroticism were measured using the mini mental state examination , the pearlin mastery scale and the dutch personality questionnaire respectively.
results : linear mixed models showed that pain and depressive symptoms were associated over the 13-year follow-up : b = @number@ p < @number@
neither aging nor frailty changed this association.
measured somatic and psychological characteristics explained @percent@ of the covariance between pain and depressive symptoms over time.
( funded by the national institute on aging and others. ) .
background : population aging increases the prevalence of chronic diseases.
this morbidity impacts on the relatively high mortality levels and has disabling effects.
in this investigation , the healthy life expectancy in adult older population with social security in mexico is estimated.
chiang's method was used and the disability prevalence-adjusted life table was modified using sullivan's method.
the healthy life expectancy , life expectancy free of disability and life expectancy with disability in the older adult analysis was highlighted.
results : life expectancy free of disability was estimated at @number@ years.
purpose of review : the musculoskeletal system is largely regulated through dynamic physical activity and is compromised by cessation of physical loading.
there is a need to recreate the anabolic effects of loading on the musculoskeletal system , especially in frail individuals who cannot exercise.
vibration therapy is designed to be a nonpharmacological analogue of physical activity , with an intention to promote bone and muscle strength.
recent findings : animal and human studies suggest that high-frequency , low-magnitude vibration therapy improves bone strength by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption.
there is also evidence that vibration therapy is useful in treating sarcopenia , which confounds skeletal fragility and fall risk in aging.
objectives : it has been suggested that exercise improves cognitive function and increases cerebral volume even in older people.
however , the relation between cognitive function and brain volume is unclear.
methods : subjects were @number@ healthy older individuals over @number@ years old in tone town , ibaraki prefecture.
seventy-five participants were voluntarily enrolled in the exercise group.
results : the exercise group showed significant improvement in attentional shift over the course of the observation period including a 6-month follow-up.
neuroimaging analysis revealed the significant preservation of bilateral prefrontal volume in the exercise group with small-volume corrections , although this effect faded after intervention.
furthermore , the longitudinal changes in attentional shift and memory were positively correlated with the prefrontal volumetric changes.
conclusion : our results suggest that mild-intensity exercise could prevent prefrontal volume reduction due to aging and impede cognitive decline.
aging , viewed as an individual and social phenomenon , poses multiple challenges to healthcare providers who treat the elderly.
the many physiological changes that come with aging modify habits , patterns of behavior , and limit autonomy and functionality of elderly patients.
the elderly patient-healthcare provider relationship has unique legal and ethical aspects that require deep reflection and special training.
care must be taken to avoid infringement of the elderly patient’s autonomy by limiting or distorting information given to the patient.
the unique aspects of elderly patient care require effort and dedication , as well as scientific and appropriate ethical training.
measures of entropy have been widely used to characterize complexity , particularly in physiological dynamical systems modeled in discrete time.
here , we propose a new definition of approximate and sample entropy based on the inhomogeneous point-process theory.
laguerre expansions of the wiener-volterra autoregressive terms account for the long-term nonlinear information.
results show that instantaneous complexity is able to effectively track the system dynamics and is not affected by statistical noise properties.
a secondary aim was to determine the agreement between serum and salivary measurement of steroid hormones in ageing men.
although species longevity is subject to a diverse range of evolutionary forces , the mortality curves of a wide variety of organisms are rather similar.
we compare the size distributions of disease and death and see that they have qualitatively different properties.
results : bioavailability was estimated using model-independent and model-dependent procedures.
for these micronutrients , no disadvantage ( though potential advantage ) was inferred for the water-soluble components presented in a softgel formulation.
the results emphasize the importance of defining the requisite bioavailability of each micronutrient and the influence of the dosage form that provides it.
retrotransposons account for almost half of our genome.
their mobilization in germline but also some somatic tissues contributes to human genetic diversity and to diseases , such as cancer.
a key feature of eul1db is its sample wise organization.
hence l1hs insertion polymorphisms are connected to samples , individuals , families and clinical conditions.
the current version of eul1db centralizes results obtained in @number@ studies.
this became a foundation for the sister's generative commitment.
implications : findings highlight that research gains from a phenomenological understanding of how religious faith promotes generative cognitions and emotions.
findings also reveal that the experiences of a subculture in society-african-american elderly women religious-add to theories and definitions of generativity.
lower aerobic fitness was associated with greater rt variability , and this effect increased with age.
additionally , some of these effects were mediated by executive function.
arterial aging is a major risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
the aged artery is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cells altered physiology together with low-grade chronic inflammation.
we found that mir-34a was highly expressed in aortas isolated from old mice.
moreover , its well-known target , the longevity-associated protein sirt1 , was significantly downregulated during aging in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
furthermore , mir-34a ectopic expression induced pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype molecules.
little is known how emotional salience of task-irrelevant stimuli may modulate cognitive control of wm performance and neurofunctional activation in mci and ad individuals.
additionally , attentional processes affecting the correlation between wm performance and neurofunctional activation seem to be different between incipient ad and healthy aging.
consistent with ps , mps was greater with 2rda vs. 1rda , regardless of distribution patterns.
objectives : impaired arousal signifies underlying brain dysfunction , but its clinical significance outside the intensive care unit remains unclear.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : an emergency department located within an academic , tertiary care hospital.
participants : a total of @number@ noncomatose patients who were aged @number@ years or older.
measurements : the richmond agitation-sedation scale ( rass ) is a 10-second arousal scale ; a score of @number@ indicates normal arousal.
cox proportional hazard regression was performed adjusting for patient characteristics , admission status , and psychoactive medication administration.
hazard ratios ( hr ) with their @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) were reported.
routine rass assessment of arousal during clinical care may be warranted as it correlates with prognosis.
variation in body iron is associated with or causes diseases , including anaemia and iron overload.
snps at arntl , tf , and tfr2 affect iron markers in hfe c282y homozygotes at risk for hemochromatosis.
there is substantial overlap between our iron loci and loci affecting erythrocyte and lipid phenotypes.
these results will facilitate investigation of the roles of iron in disease.
care for older people is a complex phenomenon , and is an area of pressing policy concern.
bringing together literature on care from social gerontology and economics , we report the findings of a mixed-methods project exploring networks of informal caring.
a network approach to care permits both quantitative and qualitative study , and the approach can be used to explore many important questions.
we investigated whether hearing loss is associated with firefighting.
rescuers ( pr = 1.005 , p < 0.001 ) had worse hearing than the kninep after age adjustment.
in conclusion , the hearing thresholds of younger firefighters and rescuers were worse than expected by normal aging alone.
future research should include longitudinal studies to consider variable risk factors , such as military service , smoking , and so on.
a new study identifies rare mutations in sprtn that cause a novel progeroid syndrome.
the results point to an unexpected function of sprtn and bring insight to the mechanisms that link premature aging and cancer.
participants were excluded if they reported physical or neurological conditions that limited performance.
age , gender , and education were all significantly associated with sdmt performance , as was poor health , and cultural background.
the reported norms are of greater scope and precision than previously available and have utility in a range of clinical and research settings.
indeed , normative data for the sdmt that are representative of a national population have not previously been published.
objectives : the aim of this study is to examine the relative contribution of functional impairment and cognitive deficits on risk of hospitalization and costs.
hospitalization and medicare expenditures data ( 1999-2010 ) were obtained from medicare claims.
propensity score matching methods were used to reduce observed differences between demented and non-demented groups at study enrollment.
analyses took into account repeated observations within each individual.
functional and cognitive deficits were significantly associated with higher risks for hospitalizations , hospital los , and medicare expenditures.
functional and cognitive deficits were associated with higher risks of for some acs but not all admissions.
conclusions : these results allow us to differentiate the impact of functional and cognitive deficits on hospitalizations.
background : sedentary behaviour and its association with dietary intake in young people and adults are important topics and were systematically reviewed in @number@
there is a need to update this evidence given the changing nature of sedentary behaviour and continued interest in this field.
this review aims to assist researchers in better interpreting the diversity of findings concerning sedentary behaviour and weight status.
objective : to provide an update of the associations between sedentary behaviour and dietary intake across the lifespan.
data for the three studies with adults were less conclusive.
conclusions : sedentary behaviour continues to be associated with unhealthy diet in young people in mostly cross-sectional studies.
more studies utilising a prospective design are needed to corroborate findings and more studies are needed with adults.
unlabelled : cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is a major concern in clinical oncology , resulting in increased tumor growth and decreased patient survival.
manipulation of apoptosis has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate cancer cells.
the focus of this study resides within a novel approach to target survivin , an integrator of both cell death and mitosis.
this protein plays a pivotal role in the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy , especially to paclitaxel.
this activity is followed by inhibition of the pi3k-akt axis that mediates il10 suppression.
implications : combination therapy with as101 and paclitaxel has novel therapeutic potential targeting deregulated active pathways in lymphoma , overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.
photoaging is frequently encountered in a dermatologic practice.
this systematic literature review aims to explore the etiology of photoaging and address the evidence behind its current management.
a comprehensive search of medline , embase , uptodate , and the cochrane library was conducted.
articles were limited to those relating to photoaging.
there are two major approaches in the current management of photoaging.
there has been a large growth in the variety of treatment options in recent years.
while it is important for such growth to continue , prevention via sensible photoprotection methods still remains the best current management option.
we investigated the association between fruit and vegetables and symptoms of depression in the mid-age cohort of the australian longitudinal study on women's health.
a score of ⩾ @number@ on the center for epidemiological studies depression-10 scale indicated depressive symptoms.
fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using short questions.
results : a total of @number@ women ( @percent@ ) were depressed at all three surveys over the 6-year survey period.
there was also an association between vegetable intake and prevalence of depressive symptoms at higher levels of intake.
conclusions : increasing fruit consumption may be one important factor for reducing both the prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-age women.
tee and aee from the mini and 7d-par were each compared with values from the dlw.
conclusions : the mini and 7d-par provided reasonably valid estimates of tee but large errors in estimating aee.
the mini and 7d-par have the potential to accurately estimate tee for older adults.
background / objectives : as populations are ageing , more emphasis is placed on healthy ageing.
cancer registration in japan has a long history spanning over @number@ years ; the first population-based cancer registry was established in miyagi prefecture in @number@
after the cancer control act in @number@ the act on promotion of cancer registries was finally enacted in japan on @date@ .
complexity of heartbeat interval series is typically measured by entropy.
additionally , these entropy measures are heavily dependent on the predetermined parameters and confined to data length.
the disten took full advantage of the inherent information underlying the vector-to-vector distances in the state space by probability density estimation.
performances of disten were examined by theoretical data and experimental short-term rr interval series.
results showed that disten correctly ranked the complexity of simulated chaotic series and gaussian noise series.
the disten had relatively lower sensitivity to the predetermined parameters and showed stability even for quantifying the complexity of extremely short series.
this study suggested that the disten would be a promising measure for prompt clinical examination of cardiovascular function.
abnormalities in neuronal function can lead to cognitive , motor , or behavioral disorders during development or aging.
content published in science signaling explores the molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal development and function and that are altered in neurological dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease.
cognitive decline and dementia are a major cause of disability and mortality among older adults.
cross-sectional evidence from observational studies suggests that greater arterial stiffness is associated with worse cognitive performance.
these associations have been observed on measures of global cognition and across multiple domains of cognition.
the evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological ( exercise , nutrition , etc. ) interventions in older adults with arterial stiffness is promising.
yet there are no studies or trials that directly evaluate how interventions of arterial stiffness reduce or prevent cognitive impairment and risk of developing dementia.
retinal microvasculature can now be visualized , quantified and monitored non-invasively using state-of-the-art retinal imaging technology.
recent clinic- and population-based studies have demonstrated a link between retinal vascular changes and dementia , in particular ad , and cerebral small vessel disease.
currently , in many countries most workers are covered by a national social security benefits program that applies equally in all parts of the country.
in china , however , social security old-age benefits are provided in a highly fragmented manner.
this article documents the high degree of fragmentation.
it discusses both why that has occurred and the effects of the fragmentation on participants.
fragmentation is seen to cause differences in benefit levels even within a single city.
statins effectively lower ldl cholesterol levels in large studies and the observed interindividual response variability may be partially explained by genetic variation.
moreover , we confirm the previously described associations with apoe and lpa.
our findings advance the understanding of the pharmacogenetic architecture of statin response.
ironically , at high doses dna damaging agents are also used to treat cancer.
the ability to quantify dna damage responses is thus critical in the public health , pharmaceutical and clinical domains.
here , we describe a novel platform that exploits microfabrication techniques to pattern cells in a fixed microarray.
the type of damage measured by this assay includes abasic sites , crosslinks , and strand breaks.
instead of being randomly dispersed in agarose in the traditional assay , cells are captured into an agarose microwell array by gravity.
the platform also expands from the size of a standard microscope slide to a 96-well format , enabling parallel processing.
objective : the role of social relationships in determining well-being may be particularly salient in ageing populations.
there is only limited longitudinal research examining the relationship between different dimensions of social relationships and change in well-being over time.
design : measures of social relationships were obtained at baseline and associations with well-being over the following six years were analysed using mixed models.
main outcome measures : hedonic and evaluative well-being assessed every two years over the six-year period.
results : levels of well-being showed a u-shaped relationship with time.
at baseline , higher isolation and loneliness were associated with lower levels of hedonic and evaluative well-being.
individuals with high levels of isolation and loneliness initially showed a smaller decrease in evaluative well-being.
the subsequent rise in well-being was , however , also diminished in this group.
conclusion : social isolation and loneliness show different associations with changes in evaluative and hedonic well-being over time.
the data were obtained from functionally independent residents aged ≥65 years from @number@ municipalities in japan ( n = @number@ ) .
thirteen items in three dimensions were used to evaluate relative deprivation of material conditions.
approximately @percent@ of older japanese people indicated that they lacked some daily necessities ( non-monetary poverty ) .
the interaction effect between relative deprivation and relative poverty was not associated with poor health.
state and national patterns of female pelvic surgeon density were mapped graphically using arcgis software and @number@ us census demographic data.
results : in @number@ the @number@ augs practicing physicians represented @percent@ of the total physician workforce.
there were @number@ augs members available for every @number@ million women and @number@ augs members for every @number@ million postreproductive-aged women in the united states.
the density of female pelvic surgeons was highest in metropolitan areas.
overall , @percent@ of the counties in the united states lacked female pelvic surgeons.
nationwide , there was a mean of @number@ augs member for every @number@ practicing general
conclusions : these findings have implications for training , recruiting , and retaining female pelvic surgeons.
low energy hip dislocation is rare and usually associated with hip abnormalities.
we present a case of an old woman who stumbled at home.
plain radiographs and a ct scan showed a posterior hip dislocation.
closed reduction was done and the patient was discharged after two days.
last follow-up radiographs showed a stable hip with no evidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
in our case no hip abnormalites were detected.
probably there was capsular laxity because of aging , but we could not find any obvious reason responsible for this dislocation.
background : perinatal complications predict increased risk for morbidity and early mortality.
evidence of perinatal programming of adult mortality raises the question of what mechanisms embed this long-term effect.
two aging indicators were assessed at age @number@ years , objectively by leukocyte telomere length ( tl ) and subjectively by perceived facial age.
these covariates attenuated , but did not fully explain the associations observed between perinatal complications and aging indicators.
conclusions : our findings provide support for early-life developmental programming by linking newborns ' perinatal complications to accelerated aging at midlife.
a better understanding of mechanisms underlying perinatal programming of adult aging is needed.
all patient rooms in the new unit are single occupancy with en-suite facilities.
methods : we surveyed inpatients on their room preference in @number@ and repeated the survey with inpatients in the new unit in @number@
patients were asked whether they would prefer to be in a shared room or a single room and to explain the reason behind their choice.
they were also asked whether they would prefer to eat their meals in a day / dining room or by their bed.
the patients in the @number@ survey were also questioned as to whether they felt lonely in their single room.
forty-three inpatients agreed to participate in the @number@ survey and @number@ in the @number@ survey.
all had an abbreviated mental test score≥ @date@ .
in @number@ those surveyed had a mean age of @number@
in @number@ the mean age was @number@
the majority of patients , @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@ preferred to eat their meal at their bedside.
only @percent@ of patients in @number@ would consider eating in a day / dining room compared with @percent@ in @number@
in the @number@ survey , @percent@ of patients reported that they never felt lonely in a single room.
discussion : the benefits of single room versus multi-occupancy room hospital accommodation has been recently debated.
the results from our survey indicate a marked difference in the preference for a single room between @number@ and @number@
the introduction of open visiting and care rounding has reduced the risk of isolation in single rooms.
our survey introduces new discussion about social isolation , privacy , noise levels and patient well-being and recovery.
our objective was to determine the effect of age on the impact of mus and mes on hrqol.
in case of significant interaction terms , age-stratified results will be presented.
age significantly interacted with number of mus in explaining variance in hrqol but not with the number of mes.
in addition , we also examined age-related differences in such dual-task effects.
methods : three cognitive tasks ( i.e.
' random digit generation' , ' brooks ' spatial memory' , and ' counting backward' ) involving different working memory components were examined.
in the first phase , each cognitive task was defined at three difficulty levels , and perceived difficulty was compared across tasks.
the cognitive tasks perceived to be equally difficult were selected for the second phase.
in the second phase , four testing conditions were defined , corresponding to a baseline and the three equally difficult cognitive tasks.
participants walked on a treadmill at their self-selected comfortable speed in each testing condition.
body kinematics were collected during treadmill walking , and gait characteristics were assessed using spatial-temporal gait parameters.
results : application of the concurrent brooks ' spatial memory task led to longer step times compared to the baseline condition.
larger step width variability was observed in both the brooks ' spatial memory and counting backward dual-task conditions than in the baseline condition.
in addition , cognitive task effects on step width variability differed between two age groups.
in particular , the brooks ' spatial memory task led to significantly larger step width variability only among older adults.
conclusion : these findings revealed that cognitive tasks involving the visuo-spatial sketchpad interfered with gait more severely in older versus young adults.
background : falls affect approximately one third of community-dwelling older adults each year and have serious health and social consequences.
both falls and fear of falls may result in restrictions of physical activity , which in turn have health consequences.
methods : cross-sectional study of @number@ men aged 71-92 years recruited from primary care practices who were part of an on-going population-based cohort.
men reported falls history in previous @number@ months , fof , health status and demographic characteristics.
men wore a gt3x accelerometer over the hip for @number@ days.
@percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of men reported fof , of whom @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) had fallen in the past year.
physical activity deficits were even greater in the men who reported that they were fearful of falling than in men who had fallen.
conclusions : falls and in particular fear of falling are important barriers to older people gaining health benefits of walking and mvpa.
future studies should assess the longitudinal associations between falls and physical activity.
results : caregivers showed increasing functional limitations and decreasing bodily pain over time , whereas role limitation and general health perception remained stable.
furthermore , caregivers ' trajectories of functional limitation were associated with their extent of ads use at baseline and their relatives ' placement.
discussion : health is multidimensional ; all dimensions of caregiver health do not change in a uniform manner.
the findings underscore the importance of the association of caregiving transitions and caregiver health and the potential health benefits of ads use for family caregivers.
diffusion tensor imaging suffers from an intrinsic low signal-to-noise ratio.
bootstrap algorithms have been introduced to provide a non-parametric method to estimate the uncertainty of the measured diffusion parameters.
to quantify the variability of the principal diffusion direction , bootstrap-derived metrics such as the cone of uncertainty have been proposed.
however , bootstrap-derived metrics are not independent of the underlying diffusion profile.
a higher mean diffusivity causes a smaller signal-to-noise ratio and , thus , increases the measurement uncertainty.
the presented simulations clearly depict the cone of uncertainty as a function of the underlying diffusion profile.
in vivo analysis of the fornix reveals the cone of uncertainty to be a predictor of memory function among older adults.
no significant correlation occurs with the common diffusion parameters.
future studies should incorporate bootstrap-derived metrics to provide more comprehensive analysis.
study objectives : inflammation may represent a common physiological pathway linking both short and long sleep duration to mortality.
we evaluated inflammatory markers as mediators of the relationship between sleep duration and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.
design : prospective cohort with longitudinal follow-up for mortality outcomes.
setting : pittsburgh , pennsylvania , and memphis , tennessee.
inflammatory markers remained significantly associated with mortality.
this adaptational process includes changes in the number , size , and structural / functional properties of the myofibers.
symptoms in persons with part usually range from normal to amnestic cognitive changes , with only a minority exhibiting profound impairment.
part is almost universally detectable at autopsy among elderly individuals , yet this pathological process cannot be specifically identified pre-mortem at the present time.
improved biomarkers and tau imaging may enable diagnosis of part in clinical settings in the future.
indeed , recent studies have identified a common biomarker profile consisting of temporal lobe atrophy and tauopathy without evidence of aβ accumulation.
prior reports that have elucidated features of the pathologic entity we refer to as part are discussed , and working neuropathological diagnostic criteria are proposed.
aim : to evaluate heuristics ( rules of thumb ) for recognition of undetected vision loss in older patients in primary care.
background : vision loss is associated with ageing , and its prevalence is increasing.
visual impairment has a broad impact on health , functioning and well-being.
unrecognised vision loss remains common , and screening interventions have yet to reduce its prevalence.
this paper describes a qualitative technology development study to evaluate heuristics for recognition of undetected vision loss in older patients in primary care.
these heuristics were then analysed with experts.
findings it was concluded that their implementation in modern general practice was unsuitable and an alternative solution should be sort.
cell survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) largely depends on b-cell receptor-induced akt activation.
gain-of-function genomic lesions of pi3k-akt-mtor pathway components are usually absent in cll.
the compounds specifically impacted the bcr-induced physical tcl1-akt interaction.
in general , there was an efficient and tumor-selective abrogation of cell survival in suspension or protective stromal-cell cultures.
however , biochemical and survival responses were heterogeneous across cll and showed only incomplete overlap across inhibitors.
sensitivity clusters could be defined by differential responses to selective pan-pi3k inhibition vs. compounds acting more down-stream.
an elevated pi3k / akt / mtor activation state conferred sensitivity or resistance , depending on the applied inhibitor.
finally , exploiting the tcl1-akt interaction , peptide-based tcl1-interphase mimics were potent in steric akt antagonization and in reducing cll cell survival.
overall , this study provides informative response relationships in akt-pathway interception that can help refining predictive models in bcr-pathway inhibition in cll.
here we present a database mitpronet which provides a comprehensive knowledgebase for mitochondrial proteome , interactome and human diseases.
the current version of mitpronet covers @number@ high-confidence proteins , and the remainders were further classified as middle- or low-confidence.
the functional-linkage network should be a valuable resource for the study of biological functions of mitochondrial proteins and human mitochondrial diseases.
furthermore , we utilized the network to predict candidate genes for mitochondrial diseases using prioritization algorithms.
mitpronet features a user-friendly graphic visualization interface to present functional analysis of linkage networks.
mitpronet is freely accessible at @url@
background : the medial thigh remains a troublesome region for body contouring in both the aging patient and in the massive weight loss patient.
liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty is the next step in the series of medial thigh contouring refinements to improve complications and outcomes.
methods : forty-five patients are presented who underwent medial thigh contouring with liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty.
operative markings , liposuction , and the excisional technique are presented with intraoperative video footage.
the patients ' ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years , with @number@ month to @number@ years of follow-up.
liposuction evacuation volumes ranged from @number@ to @number@ ml per thigh.
ten patients had minor wound breakdown , which healed with conservative wound care.
it produces reliable and predictable results , with optimal outcomes.
this technique offers another refinement in the evolution of medial thigh contouring.
however , there is evidence that errors are not always beneficial for younger adults , nor always harmful for older adults.
we found that relative to errorless learning , trial-and-error learning increased target memory in the conceptual condition but decreased it in the lexical condition.
critically , both age groups showed this pattern , implying that aging does not influence how we learn from mistakes.
we suggest that conceptual guesses act as \ "stepping stones \ " toward the target whereas lexical guesses simply create retrieval noise.
these findings are discussed within the framework of current theories on the effects of error generation on episodic memory.
resveratrol has emerged as a leading candidate for improving healthspan through potentially slowing the aging process and preventing chronic diseases.
the poor bioavailability of resveratrol in humans has been a major concern for translating basic science findings into clinical utility.
this review summarizes the current bioavailability data , focusing on data from humans , and provides suggested directions for future research in this realm.
background : observations that eyelashes become thinner , shorter , and lighter , as women age has not been previously quantified.
objective : this study was conducted to investigate associations between eyelash characteristics and age.
linear regression , including race as a potentially confounding factor , was used to assess the association between age and mean eyelash characteristics.
mean intensity ranged from @number@ ( ±19.8 ) to @number@ ( ±17.3 ) ( subjects aged 30-39 years and 50-65 years , respectively ) .
conclusion : advancing age among an ethnically diverse population of healthy women is associated with significant decreases in eyelash length , thickness , and darkness.
background : this study was part of a phase @number@ program treating crow's feet lines ( cfl ) with onabotulinumtoxina.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxina treatment of cfl.
investigators and subjects assessed cfl severity ( maximum smile and rest ) using the 4-grade facial wrinkle scale ( fws ) .
additional efficacy end points , patient-reported outcomes , and safety / adverse events ( aes ) were evaluated.
most aes were mild or moderate and did not result in discontinuations.
conclusion : treatment of moderate-to-severe cfl with onabotulinumtoxina was effective and well tolerated.
importance : epidemiologic evidence regarding the importance of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) as a risk factor for dementia is conflicting.
few previous studies have used patients with non-tbi trauma ( ntt ) as controls to investigate the influence of age and tbi severity.
objective : to quantify the risk of dementia among adults with recent tbi compared with adults with ntt.
design , setting , and participants : this retrospective cohort study was performed from @date@ , through @date@ ( follow-up , 5-7 years ) .
we also stratified by tbi severity and age category ( 55-64 , 65-74 , 75-84 , and ≥85 years ) .
results : a total of @number@ patients with trauma ( @percent@ ) had tbi.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed dementia compared with @number@ patients with ntt ( @percent@ ) ( p < @number@ ) .
younger adults may be more resilient to the effects of recent mild tbi than older adults.
background : at present @number@ million people live with alzheimer's disease around the world.
this figure is expected to triple in the next @number@ years.
the major cause of this increase is the well-known aging of the society in europe and in the us as well.
results : the most important pharmaceutical agents are beta secretase inhibitors , and active and passive immunizations.
several drugs in these groups are in phase iii at the moment.
the results from studies with intranasal insulin are also encouraging.
as a non-drug option mediterranean diet can be effective.
however at present cognitive trainings seem to be the most effective in the prevention of dementias.
these remediation therapies are based on the lifelong plasticity of the human brain.
objective : to investigate the effects of ad-related gray matter neurodegeneration and high β-amyloid on white matter microstructure in older adults without dementia.
design , setting , and participants : a population-based , longitudinal cohort study was conducted.
main outcomes and measures : fractional anisotropy ( fa ) determined using dti.
circadian rhythms are associated with the preference for sleep-wake timing , also known as morningness-eveningness ( me ) .
both circadian rhythms and me are influenced by genetic factors.
studies show an association between eveningness and depression.
this study investigates the heritability of me and whether me and depression share common genetic influences.
ces-d correlations were @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) for mz twins and @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) for dz twins.
in the best fitting model , the heritability estimates are @number@ for the meq and @number@ for the ces-d.
a significant genetic correlation of @number@ indicated that me and depression share a significant amount of their underlying genetic variance.
the genetic covariance between me and depression accounted for @percent@ of the phenotypic correlation.
of the ces-d sub-scales , depressed mood and interpersonal difficulties were significantly heritable , while only well-being had a significant genetic correlation with me.
further study of this relationship may help elucidate etiological factors in depression and targets for treatment.
aim : this study aims to investigate the impact of anxiety on quality of life ( qol ) in older people with mental disorders.
anxiety was correlated with more individual domains of qol than depression.
conclusions : anxiety makes a significant contribution to self-rated qol in older people with serious mental disorders.
sexual , psychological and physical symptoms were evaluated using the androgen deficiency in aging male ( adam ) questionnaire.
serum levels of tt were collected on the same day that men completed their adam questionnaires.
results : the probability of hypogonadal symptoms increased at a serum tt level of @number@ ng / dl.
on multivariable analysis , only ' lack of energy ' predicted a tt level of < 400 ng / dl.
conclusions : hypogonadal symptoms in men aged < 40 years can be associated with a tt level of < 400 ng / dl.
the association between the variables for each condition was tested using spearman's correlation ; wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to test north-south europe differences.
results : correlations were largely non-significant ( except for stroke ) .
ylds and cost were generally lower in south-european countries , and prevalence was lower in north-european countries , but no significant differences were found.
conclusions : health expenditure , ylds , costs and prevalence of neurological conditions were generally not correlated across the eight countries.
a clear north-south gradient was found for health expenditures , and partially for ylds , costs and diseases ' prevalence.
mohs micrographic surgery has become the treatment of choice in many cases but is not always necessary or feasible.
ablation with a high-powered co2 laser offers the advantage of highly precise , hemostatic tissue removal.
however , confirmation of complete cancer removal following ablation is difficult.
materials and methods : twenty-five tissue samples were obtained from eleven patients undergoing mohs micrographic surgery to remove nmsc tumors.
laser treatment was performed with a smartxide dot fractional co2 laser ( deka laser technologies , inc. ) emitting a wavelength of @number@ μm.
treatment levels ranged from @number@ mj to @number@ mj total energy delivered per laser treatment spot ( @number@ μm spot size ) .
raman spectra were collected from both untreated and co2 laser-treated samples using a @number@ nm diode laser.
this combined approach could be employed clinically to greatly enhance the speed and effectiveness of nmsc treatment in many cases.
objectives : care of patients with dementia raises challenging ethical issues , including the use of deception in clinical practice.
analysis using initial coding followed by comparison of data with a pre-existing framework concerning deception in clinical practice.
results : arguments for and against deceiving patients with dementia overlapped with those previously described in relation to clinical practice in general.
however , the majority of participants highlighted issues unique to dementia care that warranted additional consideration.
three key dementia-specific considerations identified were capacity ( understanding , retaining and emotional processing ) , perceived vulnerability and family dynamics.
students expressed uncertainty as to their ability to make judgements about honest communication with patients with dementia and their families.
conclusion : dementia adds additional complexity to clinical judgements about the acceptability of deception in practice.
medical students have a number of unmet learning needs with regard to communicating with patients with dementia and their families.
existing ethical frameworks may provide a helpful starting point for education about dementia care.
objective : lateral amyotrophic sclerosis ( las ) is a very severe neurodegenerative disease with progressive course and terminal respiratory insufficiency.
non-invasive lung ventilation ( nlv ) is a main method of treatment.
the rapid progression of the disease was observed in @number@ patients , slow progression in @number@ patients.
results and conclusion : nlv used in regime s extended the life of patients , in particular , patients with spinal onset.
the adjustment to the nlv device plays a crucial role.
two types of the adjustment were established : gradual ( @number@ patients ) and accelerated ( @number@ patients ) .
the causes of the latter were not found.
it should be emphasized that several questions related to the details of nvl regime should be specified in further research in the field.
objective : telomeres which are formed by double-strand breaks and dna under replication , cause cell cycle arrest resulting in cellular senescence and apoptosis.
the erosion of telomeres is an important mechanism for regulating the aging process by limiting cell proliferation.
the aim of the study was to compare telomere length in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
material and methods : telomere length was measured in buccal epithelial cells and leukocytes in pd patients and controls.
results and conclusion : the length of telomeres in cells of buccal epithelium was shorter in patients with pd than in the control group.
in blood cells , telomere length did not differ.
aim : many previous studies have investigated older adults ' attentional preference toward different emotions.
interdependent self-construal is identified to be an important moderator of this phenomenon.
after that , participants completed the self-construal scale.
participants ' social network was then assessed by the social convoy questionnaire twice over a 2-year period.
results : interdependent self-construal significantly moderated the effect of attention to angry and sad faces on older adults ' real-life social network changes.
conclusions : the present study shows the important role of attentional preferences in older adults ' social network maintenance.
it identified a real-life macro level social outcome of a micro level laboratory phenomenon , which can be an important direction for future research.
method : a mixed-method research design was employed.
more than @percent@ reported significant emotional distress ( ces-d ≥ @number@ ) that warrants clinical attention.
these themes highlighted the dynamics of caregiving across time , including current context and the ongoing process of decision-making.
conclusion : findings suggest that while african-american custodial grandmothers find caregiving rewarding , they face unique challenges in contemplating and developing future plans.
custodial grandmothers think about substitute caregivers for their grandchildren but need assistance communicating a plan focused on their own needs for future care.
culturally sensitive interventions designed to facilitate effective utilization of future plans within this caregiver population are needed.
one hundred and forty-nine community-dwelling older adults served as controls.
master athletes showed a weak correlation ( r = -0·295 , p = 0·010 ) between munix and age.
among the master athletes , power-trained athletes had a larger ( p < 0·001 ) muscle mass than endurance-trained athletes.
conclusions : the present data of master athletes are compatible with the hypothesis of an age-related decline in whole body muscle mass and motor units.
nevertheless , the data suggest that the master athletes ' high level of physical activity may protect motoneurons.
sphingomyelin metabolism has been linked to several diseases and to longevity.
participants were followed , with serial measures , up to @number@ visits and @number@ years ( @number@ total samples ) .
quantitative analyses were performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer.
we found that most sphingomyelin species increased with age.
women had higher plasma levels of all sphingomyelin species and showed steeper trajectories of age-related increases compared to men.
african americans also showed higher circulating sphingomyelin concentrations compared to caucasians.
diabetes , smoking , and plasma triglycerides were associated with lower levels of many sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins.
notably , these associations showed specificity to sphingomyelin acyl-chain length and saturation.
these results demonstrate that longitudinal changes in circulating sphingomyelin levels are influenced by age , sex , race , lifestyle factors , and diseases.
it will be important to further establish the intra-individual age- and sex-specific changes in each sphingomyelin species in relation to disease onset and progression.
objective : to explore the mechanism of bakuchiol on anti-aging gene mrna expression level of human skin fibroblasts ( esf-1 ) .
the expression levels of col i , col iii , timp-1 , timp-2 and mmp-1 mrna were detected with rt-pcr.
however , the expression of mmp-1 mrna was reduced by bakuchiol and e2.
the subscales demonstrated good internal consistency ( rasch reliability @number@ to @number@ ) and test-retest reliability ( spearman coefficients @number@ to @number@ ) .
compensatory strategy use increased in the mci group and decreased in the dementia group.
syndecan-1 ( sdc1 / cd138 ) is one of the main cell surface proteoglycans and is involved in crucial biological processes.
only a few studies have analyzed the role of sdc1 in mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis.
in particular , its involvement in adipose tissue tumors has never been investigated.
dedifferentiated liposarcoma , one of the most frequent types of malignant adipose tumors , has a high potential of recurrence and metastastic evolution.
classical chemotherapy is inefficient in metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma and novel biological markers are needed for improving its treatment.
silencing of sdc1 in liposarcoma cells impaired cell viability and proliferation.
altogether , our results support the hypothesis that sdc1 might be involved in liposarcomagenesis.
it might play a prominent role in the dedifferentiation process occurring when well-differentiated liposarcoma progress to dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
targeting sdc1 in these tumors might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
there are well-established associations between diabetes and fracture risk and yet the mechanism underlying these associations are controversial.
the suitability of the mouse model for the study of osteocalcin as a therapeutic target also appears ambiguous.
background : in italy , the prevalence of elder abuse is estimated from @number@ to @number@ %.
results : for article @number@ a total of @number@ reports were found.
the prevalence of reports ranged from @number@ to @number@ % for victims older than @number@ years.
discussion and conclusion : a large gap was found between reported crimes related to elder abuse and the estimated prevalence of elder abuse in italy.
main outcomes and measures : aortic valve calcium quantified by computed tomography in charge and incident aortic stenosis in the mdcs.
results : the prevalence of aortic valve calcium across the @number@ charge cohorts was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
whether earlier intervention to reduce ldl-c could prevent aortic valve disease merits further investigation.
background : group reminiscence therapy is a brief and structured intervention in which participants share personal past events with peers.
this approach has been shown to be promising for improving wellbeing and reducing depressive symptoms among institutionalized older adults.
the study includes two groups of @number@ hospitalized elderly participants : the experimental group and the control group.
trial registration : this trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( registration number : nct02077153 ) on @date@ .
centrioles are essential for ciliogenesis.
however , mutations in centriole biogenesis genes have been reported in primary microcephaly and seckel syndrome , disorders without the hallmark clinical features of ciliopathies.
skeletal muscles in vertebrates have a phenomenal regenerative capacity.
a muscle that has been crushed can regenerate fully both structurally and functionally within a month.
remarkably , efficient regeneration continues to occur following repeated injuries.
thousands of muscle precursor cells are needed to accomplish regeneration following acute injury.
the differentiated muscle cells , the multinucleated contractile myofibers , are terminally withdrawn from mitosis.
the source of the regenerative precursors is the skeletal muscle stem cells-the mononucleated cells closely associated with myofibers , which are known as satellite cells.
satellite cells are mitotically quiescent or slow-cycling , committed to myogenesis , but undifferentiated.
disruption of the niche after muscle damage results in their exit from quiescence and progression towards commitment.
they eventually arrest proliferation , differentiate , and fuse to damaged myofibers or make de novo myofibers.
satellite cells are one of the well-studied adult tissue-specific stem cells and have served as an excellent model for investigating adult stem cells.
they have also emerged as an important standard in the field of ageing and stem cells.
several recent reviews have highlighted the importance of these cells as a model to understand stem cell biology.
this chapter begins with the discovery of satellite cells as skeletal muscle stem cells and their developmental origin.
we discuss transcription factors and signalling cues governing stem cell function of satellite cells and heterogeneity in the satellite cell pool.
we discuss these \ "offbeat \ " muscle stem cells and their status as adult skeletal muscle stem cells vis-a-vis satellite cells.
the ageing context is highlighted in the concluding section.
a high-flavanol intervention was found to enhance dg function , as measured by fmri and by cognitive testing.
our findings establish that dg dysfunction is a driver of age-related cognitive decline and suggest non-pharmacological means for its amelioration.
both aims were studied in a sample of community-dwelling elderly individuals as well as in a sample of residential elderly individuals.
structural equation modeling was used to test the mediational role of integrity / despair in the relation between forgivingness and depression in both samples.
furthermore , multigroup analyses tested the convergence of the mediational models in the community-dwelling elderly individuals and the residential elderly individuals.
results : forgivingness and depression were negatively associated in both residential elderly individuals and community-dwelling elderly individuals.
the developmental task of finding integrity and avoiding despair showed to be a significant mediator in this relationship.
e2f1 and foxo3 are two transcription factors that have been shown to participate in cellular senescence.
however , their functional interplay has been unclear.
e2f1 attenuates foxo3-mediated expression of mnsod and catalase without affecting foxo3 protein stability , subcellular localization , or phosphorylation by akt.
we mapped the interaction between e2f1 and foxo3 to a region including the dna binding domain of e2f1 and the c-terminal transcription-activation domain of foxo3.
we propose that e2f1 inhibits foxo3-dependent transcription by directly binding foxo3 in the nucleus and preventing activation of its target genes.
we speculate that drugs and / or therapies that inhibit this physical interaction might be good candidates for reducing cellular senescence and increasing longevity.
physical ageing and being old are broadly feared or denied , particularly by the young ( chittister 2008 : @number@ ) .
as physical and functional limitations become more apparent over time , expected validation occurs in support of the conventional narrative of decline.
it is necessary to understand the traditional negative perceptions about ageing if we are to alter them.
hence , changing the narrative about living long and well is the void addressed here.life is ultimately terminal.
in the interim , the process of catching old by living different is the ultimate , life enhancing skill.
it is all in the choosing.
older patients with acute kidney injury ( aki ) comprise an increasing proportion of patients with ckd / esrd as well.
in this review , we will discuss biological processes of aging that predispose patients to aki and ckd.
current research distinguishes between self , directive and social function of autobiographical memories ( ams ) .
to date , only few studies have investigated these functions across adulthood.
additionally to the average use of am , the factor variances and factor covariances among the three functions were examined across adulthood.
the sample was divided into five age groups and partial strong mi was established using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.
both findings could be adequately described by linear functions of age.
the factor variances were on most parts equal across age groups.
mediation models were used to examine study hypotheses.
we found that women had longer ltl than men , but the gender difference was smaller at older ages.
neither behavioral nor biological factors explained why the gender difference in ltl was smaller at older ages.
many public use social science datasets have or will soon add genome-wide genetic data.
with these new data come technical challenges , but also new possibilities.
in this article , we outline why now is the time for social scientists to bring genetics into their research programs.
we discuss how to select genetic variants to study.
we introduce genetic risk scores as a method of addressing these challenges and provide guidance on how genetic risk scores can be constructed.
we conclude by outlining research questions that are ripe for social science inquiry.
introduction : aging involves a progressive reduction of respiratory muscle strength as well as muscle strength.
the sit-to-stand test , mip , mep , and muscle strength were assessed before and after @number@ training sessions.
both groups also improved in the sit-to-stand test ( p < 0.05 ; 1-set : @percent@ ; 3-set : @percent@ ) .
after @number@ training sessions , muscle strength also significantly increased ( p < 0.0001 ; 40%-80% ) in both groups.
an intergroup comparison did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters analyzed.
background : pain is common in older people , particularly those in residential aged care facilities ( racf ) and those with dementia.
identification of pain and need for pain relief was ill defined and poorly understood.
however , only a few quantitative studies have been performed to compare upper and lower extremity weight bearing.
the aim of this study was to evaluate forearm and foot weight bearing using a fww-ar and the effect of the armrest height.
methods : eleven elderly women ( mean age @number@.1±5.3 years ; mean height @number@.5±4.0 cm ; mean weight @number@.2±9.0 kg ) were enrolled.
simultaneously , the maximum plantar and forearm loads during walking with an fww-ar were measured.
conclusion : weight bearing on the lower extremities is significantly reduced when the upper extremities are supported during walking with an fww-ar.
furthermore , the weight bearing profile is dependent on the armrest height.
an open-label study was conducted to investigate the effects of this nutritional supplement on skin properties.
in addition , a significant increase in collagen density and skin firmness was observed after @number@ weeks.
the data from this study suggest that pure gold collagen can counteract signs of natural aging.
an 88-year-old man was admitted with fatigue , dizziness , and heart palpitations.
both the electrocardiogram and holter confirmed the existence of sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest.
one hour prior to the onset of symptoms , he received levobunolol hydrochloride solution topically.
the levobunolol hydrochloride solution was discontinued and the bradycardia resolved.
he was diagnosed as having intermittent sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest , induced by topical β-blocker therapy.
levobunolol hydrochloride solution is an effective therapy for ocular hypertension , probably by reducing aqueous fluid production.
however , it can induce cardiac side effects such as bradyarrhythmia and should be used with caution in elderly patients or patients with cardiac disease.
there is much controversy regarding the use and timing of enteral feeding support in these patients with dysphagia.
this study seeks to critically review the literature that evaluates peg placement in this population.
the principal outcomes and related survival rates for this population were compared.
results : in total , @number@ articles were identified in the search.
of these , ten met the search criteria and were analyzed.
there was one study with a 2b level of evidence , one with 3b , and the remainder had level @number@
all studies discussed long-term survival in the peg versus non-peg populations.
no studies showed definitive evidence to suggest long-term survival rates improved in patients who underwent peg placement as compared to those who did not.
two studies documented median survival worse in patients over age @number@ with dementia and peg placement.
conclusion : there is presently no evidence to suggest long-term survival rates improved in patients with advanced dementia who underwent peg placement for dysphagia.
relevance to quality of life , need for nutrition and hydration , and ethical considerations in the decision process are discussed.
the outcome in patients treated for raaa by eevar or open repair was investigated.
we calculated the 30-day raaa-related mortality for all raaa patients admitted to our hospital.
twenty-three patients had eevar and @number@ had open surgery.
no difference in mortality was noted between eevar and open over @number@ years of follow-up.
conclusion : the 30-day and 5-year mortality in patients who survived raaa was equal between the treatment options of eevar and open.
particularly fragile and very elderly patients did not receive operative repair.
objective : despite theoretical advances in our conceptualization of disability , the \ "environment \ " remains a largely unspecified term in disablement models.
results : almost three quarters of community-dwelling older americans live in a residence that has stairs at the entrance.
objectives : to profile older adults receiving assistance with physician visits and prescribed medications and the time demands associated with their care.
methods : observational study of @number@ community-dwelling adults ages 65 + responding to the @number@ national health and aging trends study.
objectives : this article investigates whether the help with care needs that is received from others depends on the potential supply of family helpers.
regression analysis is used to relate these outcomes to indicators of the demand for and supply of helpers.
results : analyses suggest limited evidence that the receipt of help is a supply-driven phenomenon.
foreseeable trends in the demand for and the supply of help suggest further evolution in patterns of elders ' receipt of help with care needs.
indicators of adverse consequences of unmet need could be used to monitor the quality and adequacy of such care systems.
objectives : older adults with care needs live in a variety of settings-from traditional community housing to nursing homes.
this analysis provides new estimates of the size and characteristics of the older population across settings and examines unmet needs for assistance.
method : data are from the @number@ national health and aging trends study ( n = @number@ ) .
the prevalence of assistance is higher and physical and cognitive capacity lower in each successive setting.
discussion : substantial numbers of older adults , many with care needs , live in a continuum of settings other than traditional community housing.
unmet needs are prevalent among older adults with limitations across all settings and warrant further investigation and monitoring.
methods : participants were @number@ adults independent in self-care activities from a representative sample of older medicare beneficiaries.
there was no independent association between insomnia symptoms and physical capacity.
insomnia interventions may improve functioning and quality of life among elders.
results : stroke survivors used more assistive devices and received more personal assistance and had greater unmet need than stroke-free controls.
in adjusted models , physical and cognitive capacity measures were most important in predicting accommodations and accommodations most important in predicting unmet need.
discussion : although accommodations are commonly used by older adult stroke survivors , unmet need is also substantial.
results : self-care or mobility limitations had a negative association with @number@ dimensions of well-being.
the use of assistive devices was positively related , but the use of personal help was negatively related to well-being.
more research is needed to unpack population heterogeneity in the association between coping strategies and well-being.
exposure to artificial gravity ( ag ) in a short-arm centrifuge has potential benefits for maintaining human performance during long-term space missions.
during centrifugation , the supine subjects were exposed to ag in the head-to-feet direction with @number@ g at the center of mass.
subjects participated in the three campaigns in random order.
complete data sets were obtained in eight subjects.
pv and v̇o2 peak decreased to @number@ and @percent@ of pre-bed rest baseline , respectively , with no differences between the treatments.
the superior effect of ag2 on orthostatic tolerance could not be related to concomitant changes in pv or aerobic power.
unlabelled : gait speed predicts survival in older adults ; however , gait has not been evaluated in late middle-aged ( lma ) populations.
conclusion : maintaining a competitively active lifestyle increases ms in lma adults and may support healthy aging.
the proportion of older people living in our communities is rising and , to live independently , some require assistance from home care services.
physical activity can improve and maintain function , strength , and balance , which are important for those receiving home care.
this study reviewed the evidence on physical activity / exercise interventions trialed with older people receiving a home care service.
a systematic review of studies published from @date@ to @date@ , from five databases , was undertaken.
eight articles were included and results show there were few consistencies between intervention types , groups , outcome measures , and follow-up.
study quality was mixed.
forty-nine subjects ( mean age @number@ years [ sd : @number@ ] , @number@ females [ @percent@ ] ) completed the study without adverse effects.
msl and gs gave no significant training effect , whereas ct did show a significant training effect ( p < @number@ ) .
community-dwelling older adults can perform msl safely , correctly , and reliably , and gs safely and reliably.
further research is needed to study the responsiveness and beneficial effects of these self-tests on self-management of mobility and fall risk.
method : seventeen patients with pathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) associated with c9orf72 mutations were identified from neurodegenerative disease brain bank.
of the @number@ cases with c9orf72 mutation , @number@ exhibited well-defined delusions.
result : the content of the delusions was mixed including persecution , infidelity , and grandiosity.
all cases showed parkinsonism ; voxel-based morphometry analysis showed greater precuneus atrophy in patients with delusions than those without delusions.
conclusion : c9orf72 carriers with well-defined delusions likely associated with additional pathologies and parietal atrophy in neuroimaging.
patients presenting with middle-aged onset of delusions should be screened for c9orf72 mutations , especially if family history and parkinsonism are present.
background : aging modifies immune response and respiratory physiology.
few studies evaluate the effect of age on asthma.
methods : we enrolled @number@ patients with uncontrolled asthma who were inhaled corticosteroid-naive.
the follow-up period was @number@ year.
the primary end point was hospital admission during the follow-up period.
results : baseline data demonstrated that subjects > 55 years of age had a later onset of asthma and a longer duration of symptoms.
older age was associated with worse lung function ( or @number@ and @percent@ ci @number@.1-3.3 ) .
conclusion : this study allows us to conclude that older age is associated with a later onset of asthma and a longer duration of symptoms.
age does not predict hospital admissions or poor control of asthma symptoms if proper treatment is offered.
it does , however , predict worse lung function.
background : physical inactivity is a significant predictor of several chronic diseases , becoming more prevalent as people age.
since the aging population increases demands on healthcare budgets , effectively stimulating physical activity ( pa ) against acceptable costs is of major relevance.
this study provides insight into long-term health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of a tailored pa intervention among adults aged over fifty.
methods : intervention participants ( n = @number@ ) received tailored advice three times within four months , targeting the psychosocial determinants of pa.
the intervention was delivered in different conditions ( i.e. print-delivered versus web-based , and with or without additional information on local pa opportunities ) .
in a clustered rct , the effects of the different intervention conditions were compared to each other and to a control group.
combining the model outcomes with intervention cost estimates , this study provides insight into the long-term cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ( icers ) were calculated.
on a 5-year time horizon , the web-based intervention was preferred over the printed intervention.
adding environmental information resulted in a lower cost-effectiveness.
trial registration : the current study was registered at the dutch trial register ( ntr2297 ; @date@ ) .
background : red meat intake has been associated with risk of colorectal cancer , potentially mediated through heterocyclic amines.
the metabolic efficiency of n-acetyltransferase @number@ ( nat2 ) required for the metabolic activation of such amines is influenced by genetic variation.
the interaction between red meat intake , nat2 genotype , and colorectal cancer has been inconsistently reported.
methods : we used pooled individual-level data from the colon cancer family registry and the genetics and epidemiology of colorectal cancer consortium.
red meat intake was collected by each study.
we inferred nat2 phenotype based on polymorphism at rs1495741 , highly predictive of enzyme activity.
interaction was assessed using multiplicative interaction terms in multivariate-adjusted models.
results : from @number@ studies , @number@ colorectal cancer cases and @number@ controls were included.
however , a significant association was observed only for studies with retrospective diet data , not for studies with diet prospectively assessed before cancer diagnosis.
impact : our results suggest no interaction between nat2 genotype and red meat intake in mediating risk of colorectal cancer.
the extent to which social relationships influence cognitive aging is unclear.
in this study , we investigated the association of midlife quality of close relationships with subsequent cognitive decline.
midlife negative and positive aspects of close relationships were assessed twice using the close persons questionnaire during the @number@ years preceding cognitive assessment.
negative aspects of close relationships , but not positive aspects , were associated with accelerated cognitive aging.
longitudinal analysis found no evidence of reverse causality.
this study highlights the importance of differentiating aspects of social relationships to evaluate their unique associations with cognitive aging.
endogenous testosterone is known to be protective against metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in men.
age had no effect on the tt level but significantly decreased aft , cft , and cbt levels and significantly increased the shbg level.
tt and shbg were significantly lower in men with mets than in men without mets.
all testosterone values gradually decreased as the number of mets components increased.
multivariate analysis revealed that the tt median value of < 4.0 ng / ml was the only significant marker for the detection of mets.
these results were essentially the same regardless of whether the diagnosis of mets was based on the idf or the japanese criteria.
in conclusion , among various testosterone values , tt is the most reliable indicator of mets in middle-aged japanese men.
at @number@ time points , they were obtained from @number@ others when cognitively normal and @number@ to @number@ yr later when diagnosed with ad.
the levels of r for ad were significantly higher than those for dm2 or ftd.
stepwise discriminant modeling showed correct classification of @percent@ of patients with ad , @percent@ of patients with dm2 , and @percent@ of patients with ftd.
study design : a kinematic magnetic resonance imaging study.
a thorough understanding of sn distribution may help reveal reasons for their formation.
how disk degeneration and lumbar spine motion relate to sns is poorly understood.
methods : kinematic magnetic resonance images ( @number@ t ) were available for @number@ healthy individuals from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
spine specialists performed computer-based measurements.
all parameters were measured and calculated automatically using the erad pacs viewer ( erad inc. , version @number@ ) .
lumbar disk degeneration was documented according to the pfirrmann classification system.
lumbar spine lordosis was quantified as the angle between the inferior endplate of l1 and superior endplate of s1.
the level of significance was defined as p ≤ @number@
the relationship between sns , age group , disk location , and overall grades of lumbar disk degeneration were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.
lumbar spine motion was compared between patients with and without sns via independent t test among @number@ individuals with qualified kinematic images.
multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on associations of lumbar motion range among the sn population.
there was no significant difference in the incidence of sns between age groups ( ρ = @number@ ) .
the highest incidences of sns presentation was on disks with degeneration grade iii ( @percent@ ) and grade iv ( @percent@ ) .
sn occurrence , aging , and disk location were positively correlated with lumbar disk degeneration grade.
the lumbar spine range of motion was significantly different between individuals with and without sns ( @number@.4° vs. @number@.9° , ρ < @number@ ) .
conclusion : sns have a high incidence in individuals without persistent lumbar disorders and were found in disks at all degrees of degeneration.
drugs that modify the risk of dementia in the elderly are of potential interest for dementia prevention.
proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) are widely used to reduce gastric acid production , but information on the risk of dementia is lacking.
we assessed association between the use of ppis and the risk of dementia in elderly people.
we used time-dependent cox regression to estimate hazard ratios of incident any dementia and alzheimer's disease.
clinical medicine faces many challenges , e.g. applying personalized medicine and genomics in daily practice ; utilizing highly specialized diagnostic technologies ; prescribing costly therapeutics.
today's population is aging and patients are diagnosed with more co-morbid conditions than in the past.
co-morbidity makes management of the elderly difficult also in terms of pharmacotherapy.
it is essential to apply analytic methods to evaluate retrospective data to understand real world patients and medical practice.
the application of sna identifies critical aspects derived from over-connected portions of the network.
these criticalities mainly involve the high rate of poly-pharmacy that results from the observation of additional co-morbid conditions in the study population.
the analysis identifies crucial factors for consideration in developing clinical guidelines to deal with real-world patient observations.
intra- and interindividual variability were similar to the human methodology.
background : there are no accurate methods for the assessment of food intake in older populations , under-reporting of intake being highly prevalent.
there is controversy about which dietary assessment method and what person's characteristics are associated with greater under-reporting rates.
objective : to assess the correlation between under-reporting of energy intake ( ei ) and different percentages of body fat in independent older people.
design : cross-sectional study.
settting : area assisted by the family health program of the ribeirão preto medical school , university of são paulo , brazil.
sujects : one hundred volunteers aged 60-70 years.
methods : all volunteers had their body composition assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
in second phase , @number@ volunteers were evaluated , representing the four quartiles of fat percentage.
tee and ei values , ei-to-tee ratios and ei-tee values were compared.
the proportion of under-reporters was @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
under-reporting was more frequent in subjects with higher percentage of body fat and in females ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : under-reporting was more frequent among older persons with higher percentage of body fat in both methods of assessment of food intake.
older persons follow the same profile of under-reporting as younger adults.
in the future , there will be less caretaking , which is necessary to support the aging population.
method : to reach this goal , the building realization and robotics lab is researching in the field of ambient assisted living.
meanwhile , several solutions have been developed that address how to build a smart home environment in order to create an ambient assisted environment.
this article describes how these concepts were developed.
to keep these concepts cost-effective , the suggested solutions are modular.
results and discussion : this article shows a variety of concepts that have been developed to support elderly people in their adls.
the prototypes of the proposed concepts in this paper have been tested with elderly people.
in order to make the concepts realizable in terms of cost , it will be necessary to standardize and modularize these concepts for industrial fabrication.
background : although fall predictions using motor ability have been well reported in elderly people , there are few reports on physical cognitive ability.
during a 1-year follow-up , the nonfall group ( baseline study ) was assessed for the same measurements by using the same methods.
results : in the baseline study , the fall group had significantly lower values of ols and msl.
furthermore , the fall group significantly overestimated their ols , tug , and msl.
during follow-up , @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) experienced falls.
a significant distribution disparity in falls between the two groups was found during follow-up and showed a relative risk of @number@ for ee of msl.
conclusions : we suggest that ee of msl is a potent predictor for falls among healthy elderly adults.
evidence has emerged that antidiabetic biguanides and rapamycin are promising candidates for pharmacological interventions leading to both life span extension and prevention of cancer.
there is ever increasing data on biomedical relevant network interactions for the aging process at different scales of time and space.
to connect the aging process at different structural , temporal and spatial scales , extensive systems biological approaches need to be deployed.
several public-funded agencies have identified the synergistic role of systems biology in aging research.
we elaborate on some systems biological approaches deployed in one of the projects of the consortium ( rosage ) .
the systems biology field in aging research is at its infancy.
it is open to adapt existing systems biological methodologies from other research fields and devise new aging-specific systems biological methodologies.
with modern medicine and an awareness of healthy lifestyle practices , people are living longer and generally healthier lives than their ancestors.
these successes of modern medicine have resulted in an increasing proportion of elderly in society.
research groups around the world have investigated the contribution of gut microbial communities to human health and well-being.
it was established that the microbiota composition of the human gut is modulated by lifestyle factors , especially diet.
this is not a new concept , but until now the scale of the potential microbiota contribution was not appreciated.
there are an estimated ten times more bacteria in an individual than human cells.
this loss of the adult-associated microbiota correlates with measures of markers of inflammation , frailty , co-morbidity and nutritional status.
this effect may be greater than that of diet or in some cases genetics alone.
collectively , the recent studies show the importance of the microbiota and associated metabolites in healthy aging and the importance of diet in its modulation.
from the perspective of systems biology , melatonin is relevant to aging in multiple ways.
it entrains central and peripheral circadian clocks and is required for some high-amplitude rhythms.
aging and age-related diseases are associated with losses in melatonin secretion and rhythm amplitudes.
the dynamic properties of aging processes deserve particular attention.
the physiological responses to nutrient availability play a central role in aging and disease.
aging is associated with immunosenescence and accompanied by a chronic inflammatory state which contributes to metabolic syndrome , diabetes and their cardiovascular consequences.
risk factors for cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) and diabetes overlap , leading to the hypothesis that both share an inflammatory basis.
obesity is increased in the elderly population , and adipose tissue induces a state of systemic inflammation partially induced by adipokines.
hepatic steatosis and its related inflammatory state ( steatohepatitis ) are the main hepatic complications of obesity and metabolic diseases.
these changes predispose aged individuals to cvds.
individuals of the same age differ greatly with respect to their health status and life span.
we have suggested that the health status of individuals can be represented by the number of health deficits that they accumulate during their life.
further , we have proposed that the frailty index represents the biological age of the individual , and suggested an algorithm for its estimation.
we apply a stochastic dynamics framework to illustrate that the average recovery time increases with age , mimicking the age-associated increase in deficit accumulation.
thus , we employed different systems biology tools to prospect developmental and aging-associated networks for human and murine models for evolutionary comparison.
moreover , the mechanism also appears to be evolutionary conserved in both mammalian models , further corroborating the devage molecular model.
there is not one systems biology of aging , but two.
when recombination is rare , selection is expected to act chiefly on rare large-effect mutations , which purge genetic variation due to genome-wide hitchhiking.
by contrast , sexually outbreeding species maintain abundant genetic polymorphism within populations.
animals and plants have biological clocks that help to regulate circadian cycles , seasonal rhythms , growth , development and sexual maturity.
evolutionary reasoning first articulated by g. williams suggests that multiple , redundant clocks might influence organismal aging.
some aging clocks that have been proposed include the suprachiasmatic nucleus , the hypothalamus , involution of the thymus , and cellular senescence.
cellular senescence , mediated by telomere attrition , is in a class by itself , having recently been validated as a primary regulator of aging.
gene expression is known to change in characteristic ways with age , and in particular dna methylation changes in age-related ways.
if validated , this mechanism would present a challenging but not impossible target for medical intervention.
this chapter will describe what computational modelling involves ; the rationale for using it , and the appropriateness of modelling for investigating the aging process.
how a model is assembled and the different theoretical frameworks that can be used to build a model are also discussed.
specifically , a number of models will be showcased which focus on the complex age-related disorders associated with unhealthy aging.
to conclude , we discuss the future applications of computational systems modelling to aging research.
we will then demonstrate how these variables can be used to predict potential targets for experimental analysis.
lastly , we will close with some of the challenges that network methods face.
background : postural balance and potentially fall risk increases among older adults living with neurological diseases , especially parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the intervention group received a 30-min ea treatment on a weekly basis for @number@ weeks , while the control group received a sham treatment.
outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the final therapy.
results : no difference was observed for the assessed parameters between the intervention and the control group at baseline.
after treatment , an improvement in balance performance was observed in the intervention group.
changes were small and nonsignificant in the controls ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : this pilot study demonstrates improvement in rigidity and balance following ea.
these preliminary results suggest ea could be a promising alternative treatment for balance disturbance in pd.
methods : a scoping review of studies pertaining to secondary conditions after stroke published between @number@ and @number@ was conducted.
prevalence varied widely across studies for each condition.
other evidence from regression analyses suggests either no significant associations between time post stroke or age or mixed results.
secondary conditions appear to be most commonly associated with severity of impairments.
the present study examines the direction of influence between aerobic endurance and lower body strength over time in italian sedentary older adults.
analysis revealed that aerobic endurance and lower body strength decline over time.
these findings emphasize the importance of these relationships for the design and implementation of effective physical intervention for older adults.
included in this feasibility report are physicians ' answers to the sequential questions and answers pre- and posttests and their brief questionnaire replies.
methods : the authors refined the sqa test case scenario for content , ease of modifications of case scenarios , test uploading and answer retrieval.
eleven geographically distant physicians evaluated the sqa test , taking the pretest and posttest within two weeks.
these physicians completed a brief questionnaire about the sqa test.
results : eleven physicians completed the sqa pre- and posttest ; all answers were downloaded for analysis.
they reported the ease of website login and navigating within the test module together with many helpful suggestions.
their average posttest score gain was @percent@ ( p = 0.012 ) .
conclusions : we report the successful launch of a unique web-based instrument referred to as the sequential questions and answers test.
this distinctive test combines teaching organization of the clinical narrative into an assessment tool that promotes acquiring medical knowledge and clinical thinking.
we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of geographically distant physicians to access the sqa instrument.
the physicians ' helpful suggestions will be added to future sqa test versions.
medical schools might explore the integration of this multi-language-capable sqa assessment and teaching instrument into their undergraduate medical curriculum.
materials and methods : ultrasound examinations from @number@ unique pediatric patients with normal appendixes , evenly distributed by age , were reviewed.
appendiceal diameter and wall thickness were correlated with patient age , sex , height , weight , and presence of enlarged lymph nodes.
results : mean ( ± sd ) anteroposterior and transverse appendiceal diameters were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ mm , respectively.
appendiceal diameter was normally distributed across the population but was not significantly associated with age.
conclusion : appendiceal diameter measured on ultrasound is normally distributed in children and does not depend on age.
age-dependent diagnostic cutoffs for normal sonographic diameter are thus not needed.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) encodes proteins essential for atp production.
mutant variants of the mtdna polymerase cause mutagenesis that contributes to aging , genetic diseases , and sensitivity to environmental agents.
mutant frequency arising from mtdna base substitutions that confer erythromycin resistance and deletions between 21-nucleotide direct repeats was determined.
this hypothesis suggests that the exogenous base-alkylating agent , methyl methanesulfonate ( mms ) , would further increase mtdna mutagenesis.
mitochondrial mutagenesis associated with mms exposure was increased up to 30-fold in mip1 mutants containing disease-associated alterations that affect polymerase activity.
further , trace amounts of cdcl2 inhibit mtdna replication but suppresses mms-induced mutagenesis.
however , the remaining @number@ items were statistically significant.
numerous disorders , including neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of cancer , manifest late in life.
accordingly , the alteration of aging bears the promise of harnessing the mechanisms that protect the young organism to prevent illness in the elderly.
three-dimensional imaging was acquired using the 3-d camera and software.
intervention : patients were treated with poly-l-lactic acid.
the first @number@ treatments were @number@ weeks apart.
the third treatment was performed @number@ weeks after the second treatment.
main outcomes and measures : changes in midfacial volume following @number@ treatments of poly-l-lactic acid were measured quantitatively using the 3-d imaging system.
a paired t test was used to analyze the difference between pretreatment and posttreatment values at each study time point.
results : of the @number@ patients , @number@ only received @number@ treatments and was therefore excluded from the statistical analysis.
there was no significant change in volume between each of the follow-up time points.
level of evidence : @number@
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01307865.
methods : the current study data are from the mater-university of queensland study of pregnancy birth cohort.
catch-up growth was defined as an increase of @number@ z score in weight between measurements.
the impact of catch-up growth on adult lung function and the relationship between childhood bmi trends and adult lung function were assessed using regression analyses.
there was a positive correlation between increasing bmi and lung function at @number@ years of age.
however , in the later measurements when bmi increased into the obese category , a drop in lung function was observed.
conclusions : these data show evidence for a positive contribution of catch-up growth in early life to adult lung function.
however , if weight gain or onset of obesity occurs after @number@ years of age , an adverse impact on adult lung function is noted.
introduction : chronic conditions are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of mccs from @number@ to @number@ in taiwan.
chronic condition indicator and clinical classifications software were used to determine and classify codes from the international classification of diseases , ninth revision.
people who had @number@ or more conditions among the @number@ categories of conditions were defined as having mccs.
results : the prevalence of mccs increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
conclusion : mccs are increasingly prevalent among the older ( ≥65 y ) population and among children and adolescents.
prevention and early intervention programs targeted to certain age groups may be required.
introduction : although latinos have lower hypertension rates than non-latino whites and african americans , they have a higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension.
the sample was @number@ latinas who self-selected into this program.
backward conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the strongest correlates of measured blood pressure category.
all analyses controlled for age and education.
no interpersonal or environmental correlates were significantly associated with blood pressure category.
conclusion : future research should aim to further understand the role of soda consumption on risk for hypertension in this population.
furthermore , interventions aimed at preventing hypertension may want to focus on intrapersonal level factors.
therefore , proper identification and management of this condition is a major task for clinical geriatricians and geriatric hepatologists.
the proper treatment strategy will have to consider the peculiarities of geriatric patients , so a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory.
in conclusion , further epidemiological and pathophysiological insight is warranted.
more accurate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of geriatric nafld will help in identifying the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for individual elderly patients.
this study assesses the reproducibility of quantitative susceptibility mapping across different imaging sites.
cross-site errors were not significantly larger than within-site errors.
possible sources of estimation errors are discussed.
nutrients including carbohydrates , proteins , lipids , vitamins , and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms.
reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms.
however , the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established.
in this review , we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging.
moreover , we will discuss how the amount or composition of each nutritional component may influence longevity or health in humans.
objectives : the obesity epidemic in mexico is increasing and represents a considerable public health challenge.
the population aged @number@ years and older is also increasing and is not exempt from the obesity rise.
methods : data from @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and older who participated in sage wave @number@ ( 2009-2010 ) were analyzed.
representativeness of the sample was obtained by using weighted data.
results : among older adults , @percent@ was found to be underweight , @percent@ normal weight , @percent@ overweight , and @percent@ obese.
aims : to compare the cv risk pattern in two elderly cohorts living in north-east italy.
in the rovigo cohort , diabetes , left ventricular hypertrophy , coronary and cerebrovascular diseases were more represented in men.
in the castel cohort , systolic bp was higher in women.
in both cohorts , the lipid pattern was less favourable and hr higher in women , chronic pulmonary disease more represented in men.
problem : effects of hiv infection on ovarian function and aging are unclear.
method of study : anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) levels were analyzed in @number@ hiv-infected and @number@ uninfected participants using left-censored longitudinal models.
results : age-adjusted amh levels were @percent@ lower in women with undetectable viraemia and @percent@ lower in detectable viraemia , relative to uninfected women.
current cd4 count associated with higher amh in both hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected women.
after controlling for current and nadir cd4 , amh was ~15% higher in hiv-infected relative to uninfected women , regardless of hiv viraemia.
gravidity , amenorrhea , and nadir total lymphocyte counts associated with higher amh ; hormonal contraceptive use and past weight loss associated with lower amh.
conclusions : cd4 + lymphocyte counts were associated with amh in both hiv-infected and uninfected women.
after adjustment for cd4 counts and age , hiv infection was associated with higher amh.
cd4 t cells and cellular activation may influence ovarian granulosa cell function.
objectives : epidemiological studies have shown that molecular mechanisms underlying the development of lung cancers differ between smokers and unsmokers.
aberrant promoter methylation in some tumor suppressor genes is frequent in lung tumors from smokers but rare in those from non-smokers.
we therefore performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association.
study design : an electronic search of pubmed and chinese biomedicine databases was conducted to select studies.
conclusions : this meta-analysis supports the idea that rassf1a gene hypermethylation is associated with cigarette smoking-induced lung cancer.
these results suggest that youth may respond to maternal criticism with increased emotional reactivity but decreased cognitive control and social cognitive processing.
although other functional imaging modalities have taken advantage of population-based inferences using spatially extended statistics , this approach remains little utilized for mrsi.
the effects of different preprocessing steps on these results were then explored.
individual images were spatially warped to a common anatomical frame of reference.
age effects were assessed within snpm as were the effects of voxel subsampling , variance smoothing , and spatial smoothing.
our study shows that spatially extended statistics can yield information about regional-specific changes in metabolite concentrations obtained by short echo time mrsi.
this opens up the possibility for systematic comparisons of metabolites in the medial wall of the brain.
only one tool , the yale food addiction scale ( yfas ) has been developed to specifically assess food addiction.
this review aimed to determine the prevalence of food addiction diagnosis and symptom scores , as assessed by the yfas.
published studies to @date@ were included if they reported the yfas diagnosis or symptom score and were published in the english language.
twenty-five studies were identified including a total of @number@ predominantly female , overweight / obese participants ( @percent@ ) .
using meta-analysis , the weighted mean prevalence of yfas food addiction diagnosis was @percent@.
food addiction ( fa ) diagnosis was found to be higher in adults aged > 35 years , females , and overweight / obese participants.
additionally , yfas diagnosis and symptom score was higher in clinical samples compared to non-clinical counterparts.
yfas outcomes were related to a range of other eating behavior measures and anthropometrics.
furthermore , the norepinephrine transporter ( net ) is an important target for frequently prescribed medication in adhd.
therefore , the net is suggested to play a critical role in adhd.
a linear mixed model was used to compare net bpnd between groups.
in addition , the net bpnd was evaluated in thalamic subnuclei ( @number@ atlas-based regions of interest ) .
furthermore , we identified no significant association between adhd symptom severity and regional net availability.
neither sex nor smoking status influenced net availability.
conclusions and relevance : our results do not indicate involvement of changes in brain net availability or distribution in the pathogenesis of adhd.
alternatively , different key proteins of noradrenergic neurotransmission might be affected.
study objectives : older adults and patients with dementia often have disrupted circadian activity rhythms ( cars ) .
disrupted cars are associated with health declines and could affect cognitive aging.
we hypothesized that among older women , weaker cars would be associated with poorer cognitive function @number@ y later.
design : prospective observational study.
setting : three us clinical sites.
we compared cognitive performance with cars using analyses of covariance adjusted for a number of health factors and comorbidities.
women in the lowest quartile for mesor performed worse on categorical fluency ( d = @number@ words , p < @number@ ) .
women with a later acrophase performed worse on categorical fluency ( d = @number@ words , p < @number@ ) .
controlling for baseline mini-mental state examination and sleep factors had little effect on our results.
conclusion : weaker circadian activity rhythm patterns are associated with worse cognitive function , especially executive function , in older women without dementia.
further investigation is required to determine the etiology of these relationships.
context : telomere biology plays a fundamental role in genomic integrity , cellular regeneration , physiology , aging , disease risk , and mortality.
the initial setting of telomere length ( tl ) in early life has important implications for telomere maintenance and related disorders throughout the life span.
however , little is known about the predictors of this initial setting.
maternal unconjugated e3 concentrations were assessed in plasma in early gestation ( around wk @number@ ) .
infant tl was assessed in buccal cells at approximately @number@ months of age.
specifically , a ( mom ) increase in maternal e3 concentration during early pregnancy was associated with a @time@ % increase in infant tl.
older adults exhibit decreased performance and increased trial-to-trial variability on a range of cognitive tasks , including speech perception.
we used blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging ( bold fmri ) to search for neural correlates of these behavioral phenomena.
while mean response amplitudes were moderately greater in younger adults , older adults had much greater within-subject variability.
increased variability in older adults could not be attributed to differences in head movements between the groups.
increased neural variability may be related to the performance declines and increased behavioral variability that occur with aging.
previous epidemiologic data demonstrate that cardiovascular ( cv ) morbidity and mortality may occur decades after ionizing radiation exposure.
we show that cardiac function of proton-irradiated mice initially improves at @number@ month but declines by @number@ months post-irradiation.
in ami-induced mice , prior proton irradiation improved cardiac function restoration and enhanced cardiac remodeling.
this was associated with increased pro-survival gene expression in cardiac tissues.
in contrast , cardiac function was significantly declined in ( @number@ ) fe ion-irradiated mice at @number@ and @number@ months but recovered at @number@ months.
this is the first study reporting cv effects following low dose proton and iron ion irradiation during normal aging and post-ami.
omeprazole topically applied to the skin of uv-irradiated human subjects significantly reduced pigment levels after @number@ weeks compared with untreated controls.
atp7a relocalization from the trans-golgi network to the plasma membrane in response to elevated copper concentrations in melanocytes was inhibited by omeprazole.
omeprazole treatment increased the proportion of endoh sensitive tyrosinase , indicating that tyrosinase maturation was impaired.
in addition , omeprazole reduced tyrosinase protein abundance in the presence of cycloheximide , suggestive of increased degradation.
our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that omeprazole reduces melanogenesis by inhibiting atp7a and by enhancing degradation of tyrosinase.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : an ivf laboratory in a university hospital in taiwan.
intervention ( s ) : none.
a significantly higher cycle cancellation was noted in the low amh group than the normal amh group ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
in addition , the younger participants showed significant regions of task-induced deactivation , while no deactivation occurred in the elderly adults.
conclusions : our findings suggest an age-related deficiency in neural function and resource allocation during inductive reasoning.
background : both airflow limitation and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome ( osahs ) -related symptoms are most prevalent in the elderly population.
previous studies revealed significant associations between osahs-related symptoms and obstructive airway diseases in the general population.
however , other studies showed that the frequency of osahs-related symptoms in patients with obstructive airway diseases decreases after the age of @number@ and older.
the berlin questionnaire and the epworth sleepiness scale were used to screen individuals for osahs-related symptoms.
bivariate associations were described using odds ratio ( or ) with @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) .
results : airflow limitation prevalence was @percent@ ( male @percent@ and female @percent@ ) and was strongly related to male gender and smoking status.
the prevalence rates of frequent snoring , breathing pauses , and eds were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
however , participants with airflow limitation were less likely to report breathing pauses , frequent snoring , eds , and obesity.
finally , frequent snoring was significantly more common in males than females.
design : moderated mediation model.
setting : an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation center in italy.
all patients were global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease ( gold ) stages i-iv and were aged @number@.1±9.1 years.
moderated mediation analyses were subsequently conducted with age , sex , and bmi.
results : fev1 averaged @number@.4%±21.2% , and 6mwd @number@.4%±41.3% of predicted.
median protein il-6 was @number@ pg / ml ( interquartile range : @number@ ) .
a bootstrapped mediation test supported the predicted indirect pathway ( p = 0.003 ) .
the indirect effect through il-6 log units accounted for @percent@ of the total effect between fev1 and 6mwd.
age functioned as a significant moderator of the mediational pattern.
a simple and unobtrusive fog detection system with a small calculation load would make a fast presentation of on-demand cueing possible.
the purpose of this study was to find a practical fog detection system.
patients and methods : a sole-mounted sensor system was developed for an unobtrusive measurement of acceleration during gait.
twenty patients with parkinson's disease participated in this study.
a simple and fast time-domain method for the fog detection was suggested and compared with the conventional frequency-domain method.
the parameters used in the fog detection were optimized for each patient.
three-dimensional sensor information and 3-4-second window length were desirable.
the suggested system is expected to have more practical clinical applications.
background : stroke is a leading cause of mortality with a major effect on health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) .
there are no previous studies exploring hrqol among stroke survivors in ghana , despite the increasing public health significance of the disease in this country.
here we describe the profile of and factors associated with hrqol among stroke survivors in ghana.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study involving @number@ stroke survivors and @number@ age- and sex-matched , apparently healthy controls.
a robust hrqol questionnaire involving seven domains was used to collect data from the study participants.
clinical epidemiology data were also collected from stroke survivors on parameters such as stroke severity and risk factors.
statistical analyses were performed on the interrelationships among the study variables.
ischemic infarction was the prevalent stroke subtype ( @percent@ ) .
hypertension was the most common risk factor ( @percent@ ) among the stroke survivors , followed by diabetes ( @percent@ ) .
for each hrqol domain , significantly higher scores were observed for the control group compared with the stroke survivors , at p < 0.05.
conclusion : the most affected hrqol domains are of the physical , psychoemotional , and cognitive domains.
rehabilitation of stroke patients in this region should include interventions targeted at these domains and modifying the statistical determinants of hrqol where possible.
here we evaluated these data in japanese community-dwelling elderly.
thirty-eight deaths were due to cardiovascular disease , @number@ to senility , @number@ to respiratory disease , and @number@ to cancer.
no association was found between respiratory diseases or cancer mortality and global mmse score.
aims : carotid-cavernous fistulas ( ccfs ) are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus that occur mainly in elderly.
occasionally , treatment of indirect ccfs with conventional endovascular approach through large veins or the inferior petrosal sinus may not be possible.
in these cases , a direct surgical cut down on to the superior ophthalmic vein ( sov ) is necessary.
we describe three such cases of embolization of ccfs through sov , and their results.
methods : a retrospective case notes review of treated patients over the past @number@ years in one tertiary center constituted our methodology.
results : the fistulas in two cases were successfully coiled with complete obviation of symptoms and signs.
however , unexpected anatomical variations could also be encountered within the sov for which the surgeon should be prepared.
background : evidence suggests a possible bidirectional connection between cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and the frailty syndrome in older people.
purpose : to verify the relationship between cvd risk factors and the frailty syndrome in community-dwelling elderly.
the ascertained cvd risk factors were self-reported and / or directly measured hypertension , diabetes mellitus , obesity , waist circumference measurement , and smoking.
results : of the @number@ participants , @percent@ were characterized as frail , @percent@ as pre-frail , and @percent@ as non-frail.
the most prevalent cvd risk factor was hypertension ( @percent@ ) and the lowest one was smoking ( @percent@ ) .
there was little agreement between self-reported hypertension and hypertension identified by blood pressure measurement.
conclusion : hypertension was highly prevalent among the total sample.
music is an important resource for achieving psychological , cognitive , and social goals in the field of dementia.
the literature concerning music and dementia was considered and analyzed.
the reported studies included more recent studies and / or studies with relevant scientific characteristics.
characteristics of each type of intervention are described and discussed.
standardizing the operational methods and evaluation of the single activities and a joint practice can contribute to achieve the validation of the application model.
the longitudinal analysis used 40-month follow-up data to evaluate differences in progression of volume loss between intensive and standard glycemic treatment arms.
results : participants with longer diabetes duration had significantly lower gray matter volumes , primarily in certain regions in the frontal and temporal lobes.
the longitudinal analysis of treatment effects revealed a heterogeneous pattern of decelerated loss of gray matter volume associated with intensive glycemic treatment.
intensive treatment decelerated volume loss , particularly in regions adjacent to those cross-sectionally associated with diabetes duration.
no significant relationship between low versus high baseline hba1c levels and brain changes was found.
intriguingly , recent studies demonstrated similar brain function alterations between apoe ϵ2 and ϵ4 alleles , despite their opposite susceptibilities to ad.
all subjects underwent resting-state functional mri scans.
we hypothesized that aging could influence the apoe ϵ2 and ϵ4 allele effects that contribute to their appropriate ad risks differently.
as age increased , ϵ2 carriers showed elevated fc , whereas ϵ4 carriers exhibited decreased fc.
behaviorally , the altered dmn fc positively correlated with information processing speed in both ϵ2 and ϵ4 carriers.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for 2-dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal lungs from longitudinal data.
methods : a total of @number@ fetal lung measurements were longitudinally evaluated in @number@ healthy fetuses between @number@ and @number@ weeks ' menstrual age.
both right and left lung areas were measured in the heart 4-chamber view using lung area tracing and axis diameter methods.
results : the expected values varied with menstrual age for all parameters.
variance was menstrual age dependent for all parameters except the longest diameter area measurements and their lung-to-head ratios.
conclusions : models are presented for expected 2-dimensional sonographic lung size parameters and their variance as a function of menstrual age.
these data have been used to generate age-specific reference ranges for both measurements and indices.
unlabelled : older people are majority users of health and social care services in the uk and internationally.
many older people who access these services have frailty , which is a state of vulnerability to adverse outcomes.
the existing health care response to frailty is mainly secondary care-based and reactive to the acute health crises of falls , delirium and immobility.
a more proactive , integrated , person-centred and community-based response to frailty is required.
the british geriatrics society fit for frailty guideline is consensus best practice guidance for the management of frailty in community and outpatient settings.
the common clinical presentations of frailty ( falls , delirium , sudden immobility ) can also be used to indicate the possible presence of frailty.
screening for frailty : the bgs does not recommend population screening for frailty using currently available instruments.
the gms scheme covers approximately @percent@ of the irish population in @number@ and entitles them , inter alia , to free prescription drugs and appliances.
this paper projects the effects of future changes in population , coverage , claims rates and average claims cost on gms costs in ireland.
results : the population of ireland is projected to grow by @percent@ between @number@ and @number@ and by @percent@ for the over 70s.
the eastern region is estimated to grow by @percent@ over the lifetime of the projections at the expense of most other regions.
the monte carlo simulations project that females will be a bigger driver of gms costs than males.
midlands region will be the most expensive of the eight old health board regions.
those aged @number@ and over and children under @number@ will be significant drivers of gms costs with the impending demographic changes.
overall gms medicines costs are projected to rise to €1.9bn by @number@
conclusions : ireland's population will experience rapid growth over the next decade.
population growth coupled with an aging population will result in an increase in coverage rates , thus the projected increase in overall prescribing costs.
our projections and simulations map the likely evolution of gms cost , given existing policies and demographic trends.
these costs can be contained by government policy initiatives.
a total of @number@ websites of @number@ e-cigarette manufacturers in china were analysed by using a coding guide which includes @number@ marketing claims.
a wide variety of flavours , celebrity endorsements and e-cigarettes specifically for women were presented.
of the websites had any age restriction on access , references to government regulation or lawsuits.
instruction on how to use e-cigarettes was on @percent@ of the websites.
conclusions : better regulation of e-cigarette marketing messages on manufacturers ' websites is needed in china.
the frequent claims of health benefits , smoking cessation , strategies appealing to youth and women are concerning , especially targeting women.
to avoid e-cigarette use for initiation to nicotine addiction , messages targeting youth and women should be prohibited.
respondents reported their smoking status , health conditions and healthcare expenditures.
relative risks were obtained from published sources.
shs-attributable healthcare costs were estimated using a prevalence-based annual cost approach.
the healthcare costs for women and men were $ 877.1 million and $ 294.3 million , respectively.
heart disease was the most costly condition for both women ( $ 701.7 million ) and men ( $ 180.6 million ) .
the total healthcare costs of shs exposure in rural china accounted to @percent@ of china's national healthcare expenditures in @number@
over one-fifth of the total healthcare costs of shs exposure in rural china were paid by health insurance.
the out-of-pocket expenditures per person accounted for almost half ( @percent@ ) of their daily income.
conclusions : the adverse health effects of shs exposure result in a large economic burden in china.
tobacco control policies that reduce shs exposure could have an impact on reducing healthcare costs in china.
introduction : ultrasound-acquired internal carotid arterial ( ica ) pulsatility indices ( pi ) have been demonstrated to be useful measures of cerebrovascular disease.
the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between carotid artery pi , cardiovascular risk and ischaemic heart disease in aging women.
methods : one hundred and fifty-eight female participants of the longitudinal assessment of ageing in women study , aged 48-85 years , were evaluated.
dependent variables were box-cox transformed to meet linear regression assumptions.
results : cca and ica pi were significantly correlated to fempwv ( ρ = @number@ and ρ = @number@ respectively ) .
age and systolic blood pressure were the dominant risk factors for ihd in this group.
conclusion : ica pi is comparable with fempwv in its association with cardiovascular disease.
pi does not improve the prediction of ihd over age and systolic blood pressure.
background : stair climbing is an important but neglected aspect of independent living.
clinicians should pay attention to the ability to negotiate stairs in elderly and disabled patients.
methods : volunteer elderly people ( @number@ ) were included the study.
participants were assessed in terms of their medication use , cognitive status , lower extremity pathology and pain and the activity of climbing the stairs.
a positive and moderate correlation was found between age and the activity of stair climbing ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : activity of stair climbing is affected by age , medication use , the presence of lower extremity pathology and pain.
background : reproductive aging resulting in menopause with permanent cessation of ovarian follicular activity.
the progressive loss of estrogen and its protective effects , combined with deficient endogenous antioxidant results in oxidative stress.
objective : to assess the level of oxidative stress and its relationship with reproductive hormones at various developmental phases of women.
the erythrocyte activities of gsh-px , sod and cat were significantly decreased during perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases compared to reproductive phase.
conclusion : the present study revealed that normal perimenopausal and postmenopausal phase are associated with oxidative stress.
therefore it may be of benefit when both phases are being managed in term of hormonal deficit if antioxidant is an adjunct.
significance : oxidative stress and damage are well-established components of neurodegenerative diseases , contributing to neuronal death during disease progression.
critical issues : both kv2.1 and bk channels have recently been established as target proteins for regulation by the gasotransmitters carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.
telerehabilitation is an emerging approach that is being used for the effective treatment of multiple diseases , and is beginning to show promise for stroke.
the purpose of this review is to identify and highlight the areas of telerehabilitation that require the most research attention.
summary : vgdt is an emerging approach that shows enormous promise for stroke rehabilitation.
objectives : to determine whether elderly people with different patterns of magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) findings have different long-term outcomes.
design : longitudinal cohort study.
setting : cardiovascular health study.
results : mean age of participants was @number@
with @number@ years of follow-up , mean yol was @number@ yhl , @number@ and yal , @number@
outcomes differed significantly between clusters.
with or without adjustments , outcomes were all significantly better in the normal than complex infarct cluster.
the three remaining clusters had intermediate results , significantly different from the normal and complex infarct clusters but not usually from one another.
the combination of infarcts and leukoaraiosis carried the worst prognosis , presumably reflecting small vessel disease.
this causes big challenges for the public health systems , primarily in the field of surgery.
in this respect , oncological rehabilitation has an important supporting function.
its mission is to reintegrate the patient after surgery back into domestic , social and professional life.
this article covers the most significant questions for rehabilitation of gastrointestinal oncology.
method : we surveyed experience in clinical rehabilitation by means of an appropriate literature search.
key findings and conclusions : oncological rehabilitation is anchored in social legislation.
the terms of reference are different from those of an acute hospital.
apart from the treatment of numerous specific somatic problems , both psycho-oncological care and social-medical consultation and evaluation are centrally important tasks.
circulating micrornas ( mirnas ) hold great promise as easily accessible biomarkers for diverse ( patho ) physiological processes , including aging.
plasma levels of mir-20a-3p , mir-30b-5p , mir106b , mir191 and mir-301a were confirmed to show significant age-related decreases ( all p≤0.004 ) .
apoe gene regulates the expression of this protein and has three different alleles : ε2 , ε3 and ε4.
in chd trials , apoe4 carriers supplemented with lc omega-3 were categorized as differential responders to the treatment with regards to chd risk markers.
this is potentially because fatty acid metabolism is disturbed in apoe4 carriers compared to the non-carriers.
background : postexercise protein or amino acid ingestion restores muscle protein synthesis in older adults and represents an important therapeutic strategy for aging muscle.
however , the precise nutritional factors involved are unknown.
muscle biopsies ( vastus lateralis ) were obtained at rest and @number@ @number@ and @number@ h after exercise.
conclusions : leu-enriched eaa ingestion after re may prolong the anabolic response and sensitivity of skeletal muscle to amino acids in older adults.
these data emphasize the potential importance of adequate postexercise leu ingestion to enhance the response of aging muscle to preventive or therapeutic exercise-based rehabilitation programs.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00891696.
sphingolipid levels are tightly regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis.
we also show that overexpression of serine palmitoyltransferase to elevate de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis induces autophagy in the liver.
dysfunctional autophagy may be an underlying mechanism causing elevations in ceramide that may contribute to pathogenesis in diseases.
this study examined potential issues faced by older adults in managing their homes and their proposed solutions for overcoming hypothetical difficulties.
the proposed solutions were classified using the selection , optimization , and compensation ( soc ) model.
participants indicated they would continue performing most tasks and reported a range of strategies to manage home maintenance challenges.
most participants reported that they would manage home maintenance challenges using compensation ; the most frequently mentioned compensation strategy was using tools and technologies.
there were also differences across the scenarios : optimization was discussed most frequently with perceptual and cognitive difficulty scenarios.
this phenomenon is known as the action compatibility effect ( ace ) .
in study @number@ participants with ad , younger , and older adults were tested on an adaptation of the ace paradigm.
in study @number@ the same paradigm was modified to include an arm movement that participants had to perform prior to sentence exposure on screen.
background : what are the factors that affect the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged @number@ ?
do the factors include income , health expenditure , the use of mobile telephones , or sanitation ?
the survival probability of becoming a centenarian ( spbc ) is defined as an estimate of the production of centenarians by a population.
the spbc ( @number@ ) is the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged @number@
methods : the socioeconomic indicators for this study were obtained from the database of the united nations development programme.
associations between socioeconomic indicators and spbc ( @number@ ) were assessed using pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression models.
thus , the socioeconomic level seems to affect an important on the survival probability of becoming a centenarian.
both sortilin and sorcs2 act as cell surface receptors to mediate acute responses to proneurotrophins.
this review article summarizes the emerging data from this rapidly growing field of intracellular trafficking signaling in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
background : muscle strength measured as handgrip strength declines with increasing age and predicts mortality.
design : a population-based longitudinal study.
setting : a traditional african rural population in ghana.
subjects : nine hundred and twenty-three community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ and older.
methods : demographic characteristics were registered.
at baseline , height , body mass index ( bmi ) and handgrip strength were measured and compared with those in a western reference population.
survival of the participants was documented during a period of up to @number@ years.
results : handgrip strength was dependent on age , sex , height and bmi.
compared with the western reference population , handgrip strength was lower due to a lower height and bmi but declined over age similarly.
handgrip strength can be used as a universal marker of ageing.
we addressed this issue by studying nampt expression and function in human breast cancer in vivo and in vitro.
however , importantly , nampt-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was found to be independent of nampt enzymatic activity and of the nampt product nicotinamide mononucleotide.
instead , it was mediated by secreted nampt through its ability to activate the tgfβ signaling pathway via increased tgfβ1 production.
objectives : little is known about how lithium should be dosed to achieve therapeutic but safe serum concentrations in older adults.
in this paper , we investigate how the lithium dose-concentration ratio changes across the lifespan.
participants underwent blood and urine tests , including serum lithium concentrations.
multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate potential correlates of the lithium dose-concentration ratio.
greater age , once-daily dosing , and lower renal function ( estimated glomerular filtration rate ) were independently associated with a lower lithium dose-concentration ratio.
in paid home care in chicago , older adults and their workers regularly participate in exchanges of money , time , and material goods.
these gifts play a crucial role in building good care relationships that sustain participants ' moral personhood.
supervisors thus exercise discretion , sometimes reclassifying gift exchanges as punishable thefts.
in the present study , we examined whether this snp is associated with cognitive function in a non-clinical population.
this finding accords with an altered hpa axis and vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
analogical reasoning is critical for making inferences and adapting to novelty.
however , whether inter-individual variability in analogical reasoning ability in a healthy adult population is related to differences in brain architecture is unknown.
we investigated this question by employing linear regression models of performance in analogy tasks and voxel-based morphometry in @number@ healthy subjects.
tractography of diffusion-weighted images suggested that these @number@ regions have a different set of connections but may exchange information via the arcuate fasciculus.
after huvec exposed to klotho protein , the induced function of vegf expression was measured by western blot analysis.
this characteristic gave rise to the possibility that pib could be used to trace wm pathology.
pib pet images were corrected for partial volume effects and coregistered to flair images and wm masks.
wml and nawm pib signals were then extracted.
results : pib retention in wml was lower than in nawm ( p < @number@ @number@ % reduction ) .
conclusion : pib binding in wm is influenced by the presence of wml , which lower the signal.
initiatives to decrease the burden of stroke have largely focused on prevention and acute care strategies.
there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation in better managing stroke and its related disabilities.
the rebalancing of stroke care and research initiatives requires a reinvestment in rehabilitation and community reintegration of stroke survivors.
older adults often experience memory impairments , but sometimes they can use selective processing and schematic support to remember important information.
however , older adults were less likely to recognize the critical side effects on a later recognition test , relative to younger adults.
analyses further showed a significant association between trait mindfulness and executive function , namely set shifting.
no association was found for declarative memory.
mediation analyses showed that the association between mindfulness and cognitive function is mediated by perceived stress.
this research supports the importance of cultivating mindfulness in late life to ensure cognitive and emotional well-being.
by immunofluorescence imaging of bipartite synapses from ad subjects , we detected tau protein in @percent@ of presynaptic and @percent@ of postsynaptic terminals.
the pre / post distribution for hyperphosphorylated tau was @number@.9% / 30.7% , and for misfolded tau @number@.3% / 19.3%.
non-demented elderly also showed considerable synaptic tau hyperphosphorylation and some misfolding , implicating the synapse as one of the first subcellular compartments affected by tauopathy.
misfolding of tau protein appeared to occur in situ inside synaptic terminals , without mislocalizing or mistrafficking.
hierarchical linear modeling was used.
eldest children , compared to other siblings , provided the most end-of-life caregiving to their parents.
children cohabitating with older parents before death provided the most caregiving , compared to other siblings.
despite its prevalence , no effective therapeutic approaches exist for dua.
exactly how the contractile function of the detrusor muscle changes with ageing is unclear.
the prevalence of dua in different patient groups suggests that multiple aetiologies are involved in dua pathogenesis.
traditional concepts focused on either efferent innervation or myogenic dysfunction.
in conclusion , the contemporary understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of dua is limited.
further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is needed to enable the development of new and effective treatment approaches.
methods : patients with rp as well as age- and sex-matched controls underwent external cold provocation by exposure to @number@ °c water for @number@ minute.
before and after cold provocation , skin temperature and skin perfusion were measured.
the cold-induced change in skin perfusion was not related to age or bmi in either group.
conclusion : the cold-induced decrease in skin temperature is related to age and bmi in patients with rp but not in controls.
further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology of digital ischemia in primary rp.
results : in msplsda analysis , rbc units stored @number@ days or fewer ( irradiated or nonirradiated ) showed similar metabolomic profiles.
by contrast , donor rbcs stored @number@ days or more demonstrated distinct clustering as a function of storage time and irradiation.
irradiation shifted metabolic features to those seen in older units.
conclusion : rbc storage under blood bank conditions produces numerous metabolic alterations.
gamma irradiation accentuates these differences as the age of blood increases , indicating that at the biochemical level irradiation accelerates metabolic aging of stored rbcs.
metabolites involved in the cellular membrane are prominently affected and may be useful biomarkers of the rbc storage lesion.
methods : fifty-three pd patients without dementia were recruited to participate in a 3-year longitudinal cohort study.
the patients were grouped according to the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) .
group-wise comparisons were made with regard to demographic characteristics , motor symptoms , neuropsychological performances and 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.
background : idiopathic membranous nephropathy ( imn ) is increasingly seen in older patients.
however , differences in disease presentation and outcomes between older and younger imn patients remain controversial.
we compared patient characteristics between younger and older imn patients.
clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between younger and older imn patients.
however , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were hospitalized because of infection.
conclusions : younger and older imn patients had similar renal outcomes.
however , older patients were more likely to develop infection when using immunosuppressants.
regulative circuits controlling expression of genes involved in the same biological processes are frequently interconnected.
these circuits operate to coordinate the expression of multiple genes and also to compensate dysfunctions in specific elements of the network.
caspases are cysteine-proteases with key roles in the execution phase of apoptosis.
we expanded this observation by large-scale analysis of mrna expression.
all caspases were analyzed in terms of co-expression in comparison with @number@ genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
these correlations resulted in altered gbm ( glioblastoma multiforme ) , in particular for casp1.
we have also demonstrated that these correlations are tissue specific being reduced ( casp9 and casp10 ) or different ( casp2 ) in the liver.
for some caspases ( casp1 , casp6 and casp7 ) these correlations could be related to brain aging.
also , older people falsely recollect details of never studied stimuli , a clear case of perceptual illusions.
these results are better explained in terms of source-monitoring errors , mediated by people's retrieval expectations.
in this review , we present an overview of the mechanisms unravelling sensing and transducing oxidative stress.
all of these pathways have counterparts in humans.
the actin cytoskeleton plays a dual function as sensor and target of oxidation , in tight connection with the former signalling cascades.
in budding yeast , progression through stationary phase and quiescence constitute an accepted current model to study some of the mechanisms that determine life span.
background : age changes in expression of inflammatory , synaptic , and neurotrophic genes are not well characterized during human brain development and senescence.
knowing these changes may elucidate structural , metabolic , and functional brain processes over the lifespan , as well vulnerability to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases.
results : gene expression levels followed different trajectories over the lifespan.
conclusions : coordinated changes in gene transcription cascades underlie changes in synaptic , neurotrophic , and inflammatory phenotypic networks during brain development and aging.
thus , comparable transcriptional regulatory networks that operate throughout the lifespan underlie different phenotypic processes during aging compared to development.
protein homeostasis is critical for cell survival and functions during stress and is regulated at both rna and protein levels.
however , how the cell integrates rna-processing programs with post-translational protein quality control systems is unknown.
the interaction between tdp-43 and the foxo pathway in mammalian cells is mediated by their competitive binding to 14-3-3 proteins.
consistent with foxo-dependent protein quality control , tdp-43 regulates the levels of misfolded proteins.
therefore , tdp-43 mediates stress responses and couples the regulation of rna metabolism and protein quality control in a foxo-dependent manner.
the results suggest that compromising the function of tdp-43 in regulating protein homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of related neurodegenerative diseases.
we previously reported our short-term findings for dry and wet age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) patients.
today we report long term ( two to three year ) clinical efficacy.
methods : we treated three patients including a patient with an amd treatment resistant variant ( polypoidal retinal vasculature disease ) .
no side effects were observed.
altered expression of the microrna-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers.
in this review , the current knowledge of the cancer-related mechanisms in relation to the modulatory effects of microrna-34 family were analysed.
thus , microrna-34 family members could act as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
aging is often accompanied by cognitive impairments and influenced by oxidative status and chemical imbalances.
cognitive function was assessed by tests from consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease ( cerad ) battery and other.
the elderly group presented decreased ala-d activity compared to the young group.
the index of ala-d reactivation was similar to both study groups , but negatively associated with metals.
the mean levels of essential metals were within the reference values , while the most toxic metals were above them in both groups.
toxic metals were found to contribute to cognitive decline and also to influence ala-d reactivation.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have revealed @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl ) blood levels.
this study is , to our knowledge , the first genome-wide interaction study ( gwis ) to identify snp×snp interactions associated with hdl levels.
however , p-values do not reach the preset bonferroni correction of the p-values.
here we present our analysis plan and our reservations concerning gwis.
retinal vein images at the av crossing were obtained by optical coherence tomography.
the depth of the vein was measured vertically from the outer border of the retinal pigment epithelium to the outer vein wall.
in younger control subjects , the values were @number@ ± @number@ µm , @number@ ± @number@ µm , and @number@ ± @number@
anteroposterior tortuosity of the retinal vein at the av crossing is increased with age.
the aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of 8-week exercise-intervention on cognition and related serum biochemical markers in nonagenarians.
we also studied the effects of a 4-week training cessation ( 'detraining' ) period on our study variables.
the intervention focused on supervised , aerobic and resistance exercises ( mainly leg press ) , and included @number@ weekly sessions.
cognitive status was determined by the mini-mental state examination and geriatric depression scale.
no significant change ( p > 0.05 ) in any of the variables studied was found following the exercise intervention compared with the standard-care group.
similarly , no significant changes ( p > 0.05 ) were observed following the detraining period compared with the standard-care group.
overall changes after the exercise intervention in serum biomarkers were not associated with changes in functional capacity and cognitive measures.
an 8-week exercise intervention focusing on resistance exercises neither benefits cognitive function nor affects the levels of the serum proteins analysed in nonagenarians.
however , global regulatory mechanisms of ar signaling mediated by such factors have not been well investigated.
we also found that foxp1 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation and migration.
we generated an extensive global map of foxp1 binding sites and found that foxp1 is directly involved in ar-mediated transcription.
we demonstrated that foxp1 has a repressive effect on ar-induced transcriptional activity or histone modification in enhancer regions.
evaluation of foxp1 expression in clinical samples indicated that the decreased expression of foxp1 is another prognostic factor of prostate cancer.
exposure to ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation from sunlight accounts for @percent@ of the symptoms of premature skin aging and skin cancer.
we demonstrate that lkb1 and its downstream kinase nuak1 bind to cdkn1a.
in response to uvb irradiation , lkb1 together with nuak1 phosphorylates cdkn1a regulating the dna damage response.
upon uvb treatment , lkb1 or nuak1 deficiency results in cdkn1a accumulation , impaired dna repair and resistance to apoptosis.
importantly , analysis of human tumor samples suggests that lkb1 mutational status could be a prognostic risk factor for uv-induced skin cancer.
altogether , our results identify lkb1 as a dna damage sensor protein regulating skin uv-induced dna damage response.
background : delirium is common , leads to other adverse outcomes , and is costly.
however , it often remains unrecognized in most clinical settings.
objective : to derive the 3d-cam , a new 3-minute diagnostic assessment for cam-defined delirium , and validate it against a clinical reference standard.
design : derivation and validation study.
setting : @number@ general medicine units in an academic medical center.
participants : @number@ inpatients aged @number@ years or older.
measurements : @number@ items that best operationalized the @number@ cam diagnostic features were identified to create the 3d-cam.
for prospective validation , 3d-cam assessments were administered by trained research assistants.
clinicians independently did an extensive assessment , including patient and family interviews and medical record reviews.
these data were considered by an expert panel to determine the presence or absence of delirium and dementia ( reference standard ) .
the 3d-cam delirium diagnosis was compared with the reference standard in all patients and subgroups with and without dementia.
results : the @number@ participants in the prospective validation study had a mean age of @number@ years , and @percent@ had dementia.
the expert panel identified @percent@ with delirium , @percent@ of whom had hypoactive or normal psychomotor features.
limitation : limited to single-center , cross-sectional , and medical patients only.
primary funding source : national institute on aging.
worldwide , stroke is the leading cause of disability in the aging population.
neuroinflammation is a common feature of acute stroke and is considered to be a major obstacle to endogenous neurogenesis and exogenously administered stem cells.
therefore , drug and cell therapies aimed at suppressing post-stroke inflammation have emerged as a promising approach to improve recovery after stroke.
the development of in vivo ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and two-photon laser-scanning microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of neuroinflammation.
the bacterium wolbachia ( order rickettsiales ) is probably the world's most successful vertically-transmitted symbiont , distributed among a staggering @percent@ of terrestrial arthropod species.
faces are inherently dynamic stimuli.
in contrast , static face processing is poorer and more image-dependent in older adults.
we therefore compared the role of facial motion in younger and older adults to assess whether motion can enhance perception when static cues are insufficient.
first , we found an age effect with better face matching performance in younger than in older adults.
( psycinfo database record ( c ) @number@ apa , all rights reserved ) .
problems in the execution of this process are linked to different pathological conditions , such as neurodegeneration , aging , and cancer.
many of the proteins that regulate autophagy are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor proteins.
consistent with this hypothesis , the inhibition of autophagy promotes oxidative stress , genomic instability , and tumorigenesis.
here , in this brief review , we will focus the discussion on this ambiguous role of autophagy in the development and progression of cancer.
the networks are represented by graphs , in which nodes correspond to the areas , and edges denote statistical associations between them.
results : in both groups , the networks were characterized by asymmetrically distributed edges ( predominantly in the left hemisphere ) .
the ad-related differences were also leftward.
the edges lost due to ad tended to connect nodes in the temporal lobe to other lobes or nodes within or between the latter lobes.
the newly gained edges were mostly confined to the temporal and paralimbic regions , which manifest demyelination of swm already in mild ad.
conclusion : this pattern suggests that the ad pathological process coordinates swm demyelination in the temporal and paralimbic regions , but not elsewhere.
background : depression is a chronic mental health condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide.
it is well-established that psychological stress plays an integral role in depression and that depression has numerous negative health outcomes.
however , a closer look at components of stress vulnerabilities and depression is required to allow for the development and testing of appropriate interventions.
background : advancement in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) therapies has increased life expectancy.
the need for joint replacement is expected to increase as this population develops degenerative changes from aging and avascular necrosis ( avn ) .
studies have shown a higher risk of peri-prosthetic joint infections ( pji ) in hiv patients.
however , these studies include a high percentage of hemophiliacs , which may be a confounding variable.
methods : we performed a retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data from our arthroplasty database.
we identified @number@ hiv patients that underwent @number@ primary hip and one primary knee arthroplasty between @date@ and @date@ .
mean age was @number@ years ( range 31-74 ) .
mean follow-up was @number@ months ( range @date@ ) .
results : there were no pjis in our hiv population.
all hiv patients were non-hemophiliacs on haart.
thirty-one total hip arthroplasties ( tha ) and one total knee arthroplasty were performed.
twenty-one hiv patients underwent tha for avn.
eight patients had bilateral avn.
one patient needed revision for aseptic loosening.
the mean cd4 count was @number@ ( 194-1193 ) .
mean viral load was undetectable in @number@ patients and unavailable in five.
conclusions : our hiv population had a lower rate of pji compared to infection rates in prior literature.
design : a prospective pilot , non-blinded , non-controlled study with case series evaluating a new treatment.
setting : secondary hospitals.
patients and methods : the present study included @number@ elderly patients with non-obstructive dysphagia.
of the eight tube-fed patients of this group , three began direct swallowing exercises using jelly , which subsequently restored their oral food intake.
conclusion : these findings suggest that stimulation of the external auditory canal with ointment containing capsaicin improves swallowing function in elderly patients with non-obstructive dysphagia.
@number@ normal subjects and @number@ brvo patients were studied.
brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( bapwv ) was measured to determine arterial volume distensibility.
peripheral arterial distensibility has been shown to be significantly lower in brvo patients in comparison with normal subjects.
autophagy is a conserved cellular process that plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis.
basal levels of autophagy are required for the maintenance of organellar quality control.
autophagy is dynamically regulated in the heart in the fasting to re-feeding transition.
insulin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of myocardial fuel metabolism , mitochondrial function and cellular growth.
recent studies have suggested an important role for insulin signaling in the regulation of myocardial autophagy.
in this review , we discuss the process of aging and rejuvenation as systemic events.
based on mounting evidence , we propose that rejuvenating effects of systemic manipulations are mediated , in part , by blood-borne ' pro-youthful ' factors.
thus , systemic manipulations promoting a younger blood composition provide effective strategies to rejuvenate the aged brain.
high-sensitivity c-reactive protein was also negatively correlated with treg / teff ratio ( r = -0.22 , p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : cad patients had reduced treg and treg / teff ratio compared to healthy controls.
the present findings may be helpful when developing immunotherapy for the prevention of cad.
however , rapamycin also exhibits a number of harmful adverse effects.
whether rapamycin can be developed into an antiaging agent remains unclear.
( @number@ ) it increases survival time of neuron in culture.
( @number@ ) it maintains the nonproliferative state of cultured senescent human fibroblasts and prevents cell death induced by telomere dysfunction.
conclusion : we propose that rapamycin at micro-dose can be developed into an antiaging agent with a novel mechanism.
an ordinal scoring method was developed for each of the three traits.
linear regression analyses were performed on the trait scores to produce pooled-sample age estimation equations.
these preliminary results display the first evidence of the utility of the sternal end of the clavicle in aging older adult individuals.
a self-management program could be one approach to address these complex needs , including secondary complications.
data were collected by self-report using an on-line survey.
results : the final sample size was @number@ individuals with traumatic sci.
almost @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the sample indicated that an internet-based self-management program would be the best delivery format.
over one-quarter of the sample ( n = @number@ ) had a depression score consistent with significant symptoms of depression.
conclusions : future research is needed to further evaluate how the views of people with traumatic sci change over time.
our findings could be used to develop and pilot test a self-management program for individuals with traumatic sci.
histone modifications play crucial roles in modulating chromatin function and transcriptional activity.
one of the major sources of such protein damage or ageing is the conversion of aspartate into isoaspartate residues that can then be methylated.
here , we characterize a novel histone modification , the methylation of histone h4 at aspartate @number@ ( h4d24me ) .
we generated h4d24me specific antibodies and showed that h4d24me is ubiquitously present in different mouse and human cells.
introduction : lower limbs anatomical and biomechanical parameters are essential in several paediatric orthopaedic disease , which makes their exact measurement necessary.
method : 3d reconstructions were performed in @number@ cases aged between @number@ and @number@ years in whom no abnormality influencing lower limbs biomechanics was observed.
for statistical analysis intraclass correlation , paired-samples t-test , spearman-correlation and welch-test were used.
results : excellent results were found for all parameters in reliability test used by the operator.
the step-forward position used during the examination influenced the sagittal tibiofemoral angle only.
all examined parameters showed significant correlation with age and gender.
height correlated with neck-shaft angle , hip-knee shift , femoral and tibial torsion only.
conclusions : the eos technology proved to be an appropriate method to measure lower limbs anatomical parameters in children.
changes in these parameters during development correlated with age and gender.
fragility fractures commonly involve metaphyses.
the distal radius is assembled with a thin cortex formed by fusion ( corticalization ) of trabeculae arising from the periphery of the growth plate.
centrally positioned trabeculae reinforce the thin cortex and transfer loads from the joint to the proximal thicker cortical bone.
we hypothesized that growth- and age-related deficits in trabecular bone disrupt this frugally assembled microarchitecture , producing bone fragility.
impaired trabecular corticalization during growth , and cortical and trabecular fragmentation during aging , may contribute to the fragility of the distal radius.
platelet transfusions are used in clinical practice to prevent and treat haemorrhage in thrombocytopenic patients or patients with severe platelet dysfunction.
in the uk , and abroad there has been a recent rise in platelet component demand.
this review has explored some of the factors that may explain this recent trend within these three main groups.
however , the only data available that can be correlated directly with national component data are the size of the total population.
with increase in aging population and increased prevalance of coronary risk factors including diabetes mellitus , more people with multivessel coronary artery disease are diagnosed.
many of these patients undergo coronary angioplasty or bypass graft surgery ( cabg ) .
our case highlights patient selection and procedure for this new modality of coronary artery disease treatment.
several genetic alterations characteristic of leukemia and lymphoma have been detected in the blood of individuals without apparent hematological malignancies.
comparison of these findings to mutations in hematological malignancies identified several recurrently mutated genes that may be disease initiators.
however , the molecular mechanisms mediating tau truncation and aggregation during aging remain elusive.
together , these observations indicate that aep acts as a crucial mediator of tau-related clinical and neuropathological changes.
inhibition of aep may be therapeutically useful for treating tau-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
high-risk human papillomaviruses ( hpv ) are the main etiologic factor for the development of cervical cancer.
infections by these viruses have been detected in virtually all cervical cancers.
c-33a is one of the rare cervical cancer derived cell lines considered as hpv-negative.
immunoblotting with affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal anti-hpv @number@ e7 antisera and q-rt-pcr analysis suggest that these cells do probably not express hpv-16 e7.
moreover , we show that the hpv e7 protein level differs considerably between individual cells in cultures of several established cervical cancer cell lines.
our data suggest that expression of the e7 protein is variable in established cervical cancer cell lines including c-33a cells.
methods : depressive symptoms were assessed using the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale ( ces-d ) at baseline and 2- , 3- and 4-year follow-up.
mixed models were used to examine change in ces-d scores according to 25 ( oh ) d categories.
analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics , season , and chronic conditions.
results : thirty-three percent of participants had 25 ( oh ) d < 20ng / ml.
among @number@ participants free of depression at the 1-year follow-up , the cumulative incidence of depression was @percent@.
background : experiences of discrimination are detrimental to health and well-being.
this study aimed to examine experiences of discrimination and responses to unfair treatment among community-dwelling u.s. chinese older adults.
results : of the @number@ participants interviewed , @percent@ were women and the mean age was @number@ years.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants reported having experienced discrimination and @number@ ( @percent@ ) reported passive response to unfair treatment.
older adults living in chicago's chinatown had the lowest prevalence of perceived discrimination compared with those living in other areas.
conclusion : u.s. chinese older adults suffered considerable discrimination , but tended to have passive responses to unfair treatment.
future longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of the risk factors and outcomes associated with discrimination among u.s. chinese older adults.
the relation of development and aging with models of visual anisotropies and their influence on low-level visual processing remain to be established.
in contrast , inferior / superior visual hemifield asymmetries , with a direct ecological meaning , were found for both spatiotemporal frequency channels.
this inferior visual hemifield advantage emerged early in life and persisted throughout aging.
these findings show that both right hemispheric and dorsal retinotopic patterns of dominance in low-level vision emerge early in childhood , maintaining during aging.
cells sense and appropriately respond to the physical conditions and availability of nutrients in their environment.
this sensing of the environment and consequent cellular responses are orchestrated by a multitude of signaling pathways and typically involve changes in transcription and metabolism.
acetyl coenzyme a ( coa ) is a key metabolite that links metabolism with signaling , chromatin structure , and transcription.
this central position in metabolism endows acetyl-coa with an important regulatory role.
this review highlights the synthesis and homeostasis of acetyl-coa and the regulation of transcriptional and signaling machineries in yeast by acetylation.
negative age stereotypes that older individuals assimilate from their culture predict detrimental outcomes , including worse physical function.
interventions occurred at four 1-week intervals.
the implicit intervention strengthened positive age stereotypes , which strengthened positive self-perceptions of aging , which , in turn , improved physical function.
the improvement in these outcomes continued for @number@ weeks after the last intervention session.
further , negative age stereotypes and negative self-perceptions of aging were weakened.
for all outcomes , the implicit intervention's impact was greater than the explicit intervention's impact.
the physical-function effect of the implicit intervention surpassed a previous study's effect with participants of similar ages.
the current study's findings demonstrate the potential of directing implicit processes toward physical-function enhancement over time.
approximately @percent@ of the bereaved are at risk of bereavement-related mental health disorders.
hospices ' bereavement services could potentially address needs of many at risk , but little is known about their service use.
we analyzed data from @number@ bereaved family members of hospice patients.
risk of mental health problems was identified by hospice providers postloss.
of those characterized as \ "at-risk , \ " @percent@ used services compared to @percent@ of the \ "low risk. \ "
factors associated with service use among at-risk were female gender and younger age of death.
those who lost a child used services less than other bereaved.
although hospices appear to be skilled at identifying and providing bereavement services to the at-risk , services do not reach almost half.
results suggest the need to improve care access , especially among men and those losing a child.
introduction : changes in the quality of bone material contribute significantly to bone fragility.
methods : total fluorescent advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) were measured in @number@ human cortical bone samples from @number@ donors.
resorption pit density , average resorption pit area , and percent resorption area were quantified in samples from @number@ common donors with age measurements.
linear microcrack density and diffuse damage were measured in @number@ common donors with age and resorption measurements.
correlation analyses were performed between all measured variables to establish the relationships among them and their variation with age.
results : we found that average resorption pit area and percent resorption area decreased with increasing ages independently of age.
resorption pit density and percent resorption area demonstrated negative age-adjusted correlation with diffuse damage.
furthermore , average resorption pit area , resorption pit density , and percent resorption area were found to decrease significantly with age.
conclusions : the current study demonstrated the in vivo interrelationship between the organic constituents , remodeling , and damage formation in cortical bone.
in addition to the age-related reduction in resorption , there is a negative correlation between ages and resorption independent of age.
this spotlight offers a unique window into factors affecting aging in lebanon.
outmigration of youth is an important determinant of the wellbeing of the elderly.
how lebanon manages these challenges is likely to foreshadow the future aging experience for much of the arab region.
purpose : mobility disability is associated with poor lower body function among older adults.
this study examines whether specific types of neighborhood characteristics moderate that association.
in-person interviews focus on neighborhood characteristics , physical and cognitive function , depression , and walking.
functional capacity is tested using objective measures of lower body strength , balance , and walking speed.
mobility disability , the main study outcome , is measured as self-reported level of difficulty in walking 2-3 neighborhood blocks.
estimates of main and interactive effects are derived from logistic regression models.
background : insulin resistance is linked to many human chronic diseases.
we formulated a novel hypothesis that insulin resistance can be beneficial in obese humans , insofar as it does not cause glucose dysmetabolism.
mean follow-up period was @number@ years.
insulin resistance was measured with homeostasis model assessment ( homa-ir ) .
conclusions : insulin resistance in obese individuals may begin as an adaptive mechanism and can be beneficial if it is not associated with glucose dysmetabolism.
in contrast , insulin resistance in lean individuals associated with higher risk of total and cvd mortality.
insulin resistance may be multifaceted and conventional approaches to regard insulin resistance itself as a pathological condition may be reconsidered in this light.
some studies have reported a significant inverse relationship , but others have not , perhaps in part owing to insufficient power.
in contrast , the association between ltl and mortality weakens considerably ( by @percent@ ) after adjustment for inflammatory markers and homocysteine.
our results suggest that the relationship between short telomeres and mortality is tied to inflammation and homocysteine.
design and setting : a cross-sectional study of @number@ men aged 40-79 years recruited from eight european centres.
outcomes : we estimated relative risk ratios ( rrrs ) of overweight / obesity associated with unfavourable ses and lifestyles.
similar patterns but greater rrrs were observed for men with wc ≥ @number@ cm , notably @number@.4-fold greater in least active men who smoked.
these relationships were weaker among elderly men.
conclusion : unfavourable ses and lifestyles associate with increased risk of obesity , especially in middle-aged men.
objective : to examine the association between perceived environmental barriers to and facilitators for outdoor mobility with life-space among older people.
methods : community-dwelling , 75- to 90-year-old people ( n = @number@ ) were interviewed face-to-face using standard questionnaires.
the life-space assessment ( lsa ) , indicating distance and frequency of moving and assistance needed in moving ( range 0-120 ) , was used.
environmental barriers and facilitators outdoors were self-reported.
results : altogether , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the participants had restricted life-space ( lsa score < @number@ ) .
similarly , those reporting four to seven facilitators had lower odds for restricted life-space compared with those reporting three or fewer facilitators.
discussion : perceptions of one's environment may either constrain or extend older people's life-space.
longitudinal studies are needed to study the causality of the findings.
discussion : lower perceived neighborhood crime is associated with reduced presence of elevated symptoms of depression in older latinos.
many standardized measures of cognition include items that must be seen or heard.
nevertheless , it is not uncommon to overlook the possible effects of sensory impairment ( s ) on test scores.
three hundred and one older adults ( mean age = @number@ years ) completed the moca and also hearing and vision tests.
half of the participants had normal hearing and vision , @percent@ impaired hearing , @percent@ impaired vision , and @percent@ had dual-sensory impairment.
more participants with normal sensory acuity passed the moca compared to those with sensory loss , even after modifying scores to adjust for sensory factors.
the role of sirtuin @number@ ( sirt6 ) in atherosclerotic progression of diabetic patients is unknown.
we evaluated sirt6 expression and the effect of incretin-based therapies in carotid plaques of asymptomatic diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
plaques were obtained from @number@ type @number@ diabetic and @number@ nondiabetic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
compared with nondiabetic plaques , diabetic plaques had more inflammation and oxidative stress , along with a lesser sirt6 expression and collagen content.
these results were supported by in vitro observations on endothelial progenitor cells ( epcs ) and endothelial cells ( ecs ) .
methods : a descriptive , exploratory online survey research design was utilized.
a purposive sample of executive directors of long-term care facilities in a large western state certified for medicare / medicaid reimbursement was used.
statistics used for data analysis included frequency distributions , spearman's rho correlation coefficient and the mann-whitney test.
financial concerns and low interest among residents / families were identified as major barriers to accessing care.
executive directors supported interprofessional practice of nurses working with dental hygienists to optimize oral health care of residents.
no significant associations were found between demographics and facility characteristics.
study objectives : the impact of hospitalization on sleep in late-life is underexplored.
methods : this study included older adults ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ female ) undergoing inpatient post-acute rehabilitation.
upon admission to inpatient post-acute rehabilitation , patients completed the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) retrospectively regarding their sleep prior to hospitalization.
they subsequently completed the psqi at discharge , and @number@ months , @number@ months , @number@ months , and @number@ year post discharge.
patient demographic and clinical characteristics ( pain , depression , cognition , comorbidity ) were collected upon admission.
this pattern was maintained regardless of the clinical cutoff employed ( > @number@ or > @number@ ) .
logistic regression analyses indicated that higher pain and depressive symptoms were consistently associated with an increased likelihood of being classified as a chronic poor sleeper.
while there was substantial classification discordance based on clinical cutoff employed , no significant predictors of this discordance emerged.
conclusions : clinicians should exercise caution in assessing sleep quality in inpatient settings.
alterations in the cutoffs employed may result in discordant clinical classifications of older adults.
pain and depression warrant detailed considerations when working with older adults on inpatient units when poor sleep is a concern.
objective : to examine older adults ' attitudes toward multifunctional technology tools and specific preferences and expectations that would maximize their utility and usability.
areas discussed included features that would be wanted or unwanted , form factor and context of use.
recordings were transcribed and qualitative content analysis was performed.
results : fourteen older adults participated in the focus group sessions.
participants viewed potential uses for wellness tools with regard to their health and health information positively , as they felt currently available tools were lacking.
in addition , participants felt that a single-user , smaller , portable device would be more useful than a non-portable multi-user device.
concerns were expressed toward technologies that were difficult to use with aging-related changes , privacy and perceptions of technology.
objectives : sleep disturbance and aging are associated with increases in inflammation , as well as increased risk of infectious disease.
however , there is limited understanding of the role of sleep loss on age-related differences in immune responses.
this study examines the effects of sleep deprivation on toll-like receptor activation of monocytic inflammation in younger compared to older adults.
participants and setting : pregnant women were recruited upon hospital delivery admission.
interventions : sleep exposure outcomes were measured using the berlin questionnaire to quantify sleep apnea and the epworth sleepiness scale to measure daytime sleepiness.
bootstrap and anova statistical procedures were employed.
according to the epworth scale , @percent@ were determined to have normal daytime sleepiness , and @percent@ were found to have abnormal daytime sleepiness.
although those with normal sleepiness had a longer t / s ratio than those with abnormal sleepiness , the difference was not statistically significant.
study objective : to investigate the associations between sleep stage distributions and subsequent decline in cognitive function in older men over time.
design : a population-based prospective substudy of the osteoporotic fractures in men study.
settings : six sites in the united states.
participants : community-dwelling men aged @number@ y or older ( n = @number@ ) , who were free of probable dementia at sleep visit.
follow-up averaged @number@ y.
measurement and results : sleep stages were identified by in-home polysomnography at the initial sleep visit ( 2003-2005 ) .
these findings were consistent even after further adjustment of total sleep time and sleep disordered breathing.
no significant relationships between other sleep stages ( n2 , n3 ) and cognitive change were found.
conclusion : increased time in stage n1 and less time in stage r are associated with worsening cognitive performance in older men over time.
design : longitudinal twin study.
setting : academic medical center.
mode ages at each wave were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ y ( ages ranged from 8-18 y ) .
interventions : none.
insomnia symptoms were prevalent but significantly decreased across the four waves ( ranging from @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
nonshared environmental influences were time-specific.
conclusion : insomnia is prevalent in childhood and adolescence , and is moderately heritable.
molecular genetic studies should now identify genes related to insomnia progression during childhood and adolescence.
background : previous research indicates that total cholesterol levels increase with age during young adulthood and middle age and decline with age later in life.
this is attributed to changes in diet , body composition , medication use , physical activity , and hormone levels.
methods : cholesterol trajectories from midlife through late life were modeled using generalized additive mixed models and mixed-effects regression models.
statistically significant differences in life span cholesterol trajectories according to gender and use of cholesterol-lowering medications were also detected.
conclusion : the findings from this research provide evidence that variations in apoe modify trajectories of serum cholesterol from midlife to late life.
in order to efficiently modify cholesterol through the life span , it is important to take into account apoe allele status.
methods : a care coordination ontology was built based on activities extracted from @number@ notes labeled with the omaha case management category.
patients were tracked from the time they were admitted to aip or hhc until they were discharged.
conclusions : ' communicate ' and ' manage ' activities are widely used in care coordination.
this confirmed the expert hypothesis that nurse care coordinators spent most of their time communicating about their patients and managing problems.
overall , nurses performed care coordination in both aip and hhc , but the aggregated dose across omaha problems and categories is larger in aip.
moreover , intra / extracellular mir-126-3p levels were measured in human endothelial cells ( huvecs ) undergoing senescence under normo / hyper-glycemic conditions.
age-based comparison between ctrs and t2dm demonstrated significantly different mir-126-3p levels only in the oldest ( @number@.48±0.39 vs. @number@.22±0.23 , p < 0.005 ) .
after multiple adjustments , mir-126-3p levels were seen to be lower in patients with poor glycemic control , compared with age-matched ctrs.
notably , significant down- regulation of spred-1 protein , a validated mir-126-3p target , was found in senescent huvecs.
moreover , mir-126-3p expression was down-regulated in intermediate-age huvecs grown in high-glucose medium until senescence.
thus , degradation of prelamin a is expected to improve the disease phenotype.
these findings indicate the drug as a possible treatment for mandibuloacral dysplasia.
among individuals , biological aging leads to cellular and organismal dysfunction and an increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases and disability.
these results suggest that a larger , more extensive trial of this therapeutic program is warranted.
the results also suggest that , at least early in the course , cognitive decline may be driven in large part by metabolic processes.
background : hiv infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in men.
whether hiv is an independent risk factor for cvd in women has not yet been established.
the primary outcome was cvd ( acute myocardial infarction [ ami ] , unstable angina , ischemic stroke , and heart failure ) .
median follow-up time was @number@ years.
median time to cvd event was @number@ versus @number@ years ( p = 0.11 ) .
conclusions : hiv is associated with an increased risk of cvd in women.
methods : patients ≥60 years old admitted to the medical icu were enrolled in a prospective parent cohort studying delirium.
proxies were carefully screened at icu admission to choose the best available respondent.
follow-up interviews , including instruments for adls , were conducted @number@ month after icu discharge.
we examined @number@ paired patient-proxy follow-up interviews.
kappa statistics assessed inter-observer agreement , and mcnemar's exact test assessed response differences.
results : patients averaged @number@ ± @number@ years old with @percent@ having evidence of cognitive impairment.
proxies were most commonly spouses ( @percent@ ) or children ( @percent@ ) .
this motivates further study of proxy assessments that could be used earlier in critical illness to assess premorbid functional status.
the innovation of these high-protein and high-energy cookies was the texture adapted to edentulous patients ( protibis® , solidages , france ) .
design : an open , multicentre , randomised controlled trial.
setting : seven nursing homes.
participants : one hundred and seventy-five malnourished older adults , aged 86±8 years.
intervention : all participants received the standard institutional diet.
in addition , intervention group participants received eight cookies daily ( @number@ g protein ; @number@ kcal ) for @number@ weeks ( w0-w6 ) .
measurements : five visits ( w-4 , w0 , w6 , w10 and w18 ) .
main outcome : percentage of weight gain from w0 to w6 ( body mass in kg ) .
there was a synergistic effect with liquid / creamy dietary supplements.
ptss and health measures besides health-risk behaviors predicted subjective age.
significant interactions were found between ptss and each health measure , suggesting that health only predicts subjective age for those reporting high ptss.
the current study investigates this link by clustering characteristics of network members nominated by older adults in lebanon.
we then identify the degree to which various types of people exist within the networks.
method : data are from the family ties and aging study ( @number@ ) .
respondents aged ≥60 were selected ( n = @number@ ) for analysis.
having more geographically distant male youth in one's network was associated with health limitations , whereas more close family was associated with no health limitations.
positive support mediated the link between type proportions and health limitations , whereas trust mediated the link between type proportions and depressive symptoms.
discussion : results document links between the social networks and health of older adults in lebanon within the context of ongoing demographic transitions.
objectives : research on the influence of relationships with grandchildren on older adults ' subjective well-being ( swb ) has been sparse.
moreover , empirical results differ between studies.
results : relationships with adolescent and adult grandchildren were associated with all four facets of swb.
discussion : relationships with adolescent and adult grandchildren seem to generally boost positive aspects of swb.
the extent to which they may reduce negative aspects of swb may be unequally distributed across educational groups.
less educated grandparents might be more exposed to and might be less able to cope with stressful aspects of grandparenthood than their better educated counterparts.
background : existing methodological challenges in aging research has dampened our assessment of cognitive function among minority older adults.
methods : the population study of chinese elderly in chicago study enrolled an epidemiological cohort of @number@ community-dwelling chinese older adults.
we used spearman correlation coefficients to examine the correlation between cognitive function and sociodemographic variables.
linear regression models were used to report the effect of sociodemographic and health variables including age , sex , education on cognitive function.
results : our multivariate analysis suggested that performance in each domain of cognitive function was inversely associated with age and positively related to education.
a composite z-score was created based on the individual scores for each senior fitness test battery item.
associations of sb , bst , and mvpa with physical function were examined , adjusting for demographic attributes , physical independence , and medical status.
mvpa was also positively associated with physical function , after adjusting for sb , bst , and potential confounders.
those with low bst in conjunction with performing less than 30min / d of mvpa had lower physical function.
background : exercise training has been demonstrated to enhance physical function and to have a protective effect against functional limitations and disability in older adults.
participants were initially randomized to a dvd-delivered exercise intervention or an attentional control condition.
analyses of covariance were conducted to examine changes in physical function between the two conditions at the end of the intervention to 6-month follow-up.
this study investigated whether recognition of time-compressed speech predicts recognition of natural fast-rate speech , and whether this relationship is influenced by listener age.
recognition of time-compressed sentences over-estimated recognition of natural fast sentences for both groups , especially for older listeners.
this study investigated the impact of aging on audio-visual speech integration.
a syllable identification task was presented in auditory-only , visual-only , and audio-visual congruent and incongruent conditions.
visual cues were either degraded or unmodified.
stimuli were embedded in stationary noise alternating with modulated noise.
fifteen young adults and @number@ older adults participated in this study.
results showed that older adults had preserved lipreading abilities when the visual input was clear but not when it was degraded.
the impact of aging on audio-visual integration also depended on the quality of the visual cues.
the fuzzy-logical model of perception confirmed the significant impact of aging on audio-visual integration by showing an increased weight of audition in the older group.
the purpose of this study was to determine reference thresholds above @number@ khz.
the coefficients of quadratic , linear , polynomial and power-law approximations were calculated using the least-squares fitting procedure.
thresholds for detecting a gap between two complex tones were determined for young listeners with normal hearing and old listeners with mild age-related hearing loss.
the leading tonal marker was always a 20-ms , 250-hz complex tone with energy at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ hz.
all stimuli were presented with steeper ( @number@ ms ) and less steep ( @number@ ms ) envelope rise and fall times.
f0 differences , decreases in the degree of spectral overlap between the markers , and shallower envelope shape all contributed to increases in gap-detection thresholds.
age differences for gap detection of complex sounds were generally small and constant when gap-detection thresholds were measured on a log scale.
when comparing the results for complex sounds to thresholds obtained for pure-tones in a previous study by heinrich and schneider [ ( @number@ ) .
j. acoust.
soc. am.
this pattern of results was true for listeners of both ages although younger listeners had smaller thresholds overall.
discovered over a century ago , histones constitute one of the oldest families of proteins and have been remarkably conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution.
however , only for the past @number@ years have histones demonstrated that their influence extends far beyond packaging dna.
to create the various chromatin structures that are necessary for dna function in higher eukaryotes , histones undergo posttranslational modifications.
while many such modifications are well documented , others , such as histone tail cleavage are less understood.
inflammation is an essential protective part of the body's response to infection , yet many diseases are the product of inflammation.
animal models of infectious and chronic disease are important tools with which to dissect the pathways whereby inflammatory responses are initiated and controlled.
a meeting , \ "the yin and yang of inflammation \ " was organized by trudeau institute and was held between @date@ @number@ @number@
a group of ~80 scientists met for three days of intense formal and informal exchanges.
a key focus was to stimulate interactions between basic research and industry.
background : missing data are inevitable in almost all medical studies.
imputation methods using the probabilistic model are common , but they cannot impute individual data and require special software.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the ipsative imputation method using data involving the 15-item geriatric depression scale.
methods : participants were community-dwelling elderly individuals ( n = @number@ ) .
a structural equation model was constructed.
finally , we compared path coefficients of the dataset imputed by ipsative imputation with those by multiple imputation.
however , by the same assumption , the model fit indexes were worse in the dataset that was missing @percent@ of data or less.
median age of patients was @number@ years ( range 25-42 years ) .
patients agreed to undergo a contemporary hydrocephalus assessment.
results : seven patients ( @percent@ ) became shunt-independent before adulthood.
by the age of @number@ @percent@ of the patients had needed at least one shunt revision , @percent@ by the age of @number@
shunt infections occurred in @percent@ of primary implantations.
@percent@ of the patients had a good functional outcome ( mrs = 0-1 ) .
@percent@ of the patients attended regular school.
in summary , @percent@ patients work on a daily basis.
@percent@ live an independent life , @percent@ rely on parental supervision , and @percent@ depend on professional care institutions.
the outcome achieved throughout childhood remains stable during adult life as long as catastrophic events of shunt malfunction can be prevented.
small vessel diseases ( svds ) of the brain are likely to become increasingly common in tandem with the rise in the aging population.
arteriolosclerosis and diffuse white matter changes are the hallmark features of both sporadic and hereditary svds.
the pathogenesis of the arteriopathy is the key to understanding the differential progression of disease in various svds.
the impact of a pop out distracter and a dual task on the ffov measure was also investigated.
methods : nine young adult ( 25±6 years ) and @number@ older participants ( 72±4 years ) took part in the experiment.
conclusion : better viewing efficiency was observed in younger individuals compared to older individuals.
difficulty in disregarding irrelevant stimuli and thereby resorting to inefficient search strategy is proposed as the reason for the differences.
in such scenarios , search performance is likely not impaired beyond what is found with distracters ( visual clutter ) in the environment.
the aging process seems to be associated with oxidative stress and hence increased production of lipid peroxidation products , including isolevuglandins ( isolgs ) .
yet little is currently known about amino acid-containing compounds affected by isolg modification in different age-related pathological processes.
the developed protocol could be applied to characterization of other enzymes / proteins and other types of unconventional posttranslational protein modification.
background : microglia in the brain are the counterpart of macrophages and it functions as a first defense in the brain.
the clinical effect of microglia in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) is poorly defined.
methods : we examined @number@ patients with de novo pd and @number@ healthy subjects and the differences in hs-crp between these groups were investigated.
results : there were significantly higher serum hs-crp levels in patients with pd compared with healthy subjects.
a post-hoc analysis of the @number@ pd subgroups showed no significant differences in serum hs-crp level.
to clarify the role of microglia and aging in the pathogenesis of pd , future longitudinal studies involving a large cohort are required.
the interaction of age with shift rotation in relation to sleep-wakefulness and inflammation were studied among male employees ( n = @number@ ) .
quickly forward-rotation shift workers considered their working time less harmful compared with slower backward-rotation shift workers.
age did not influence sleep in general , but older workers in the quickly forward-rotating three-shift system had less sleep complaints than their younger colleagues.
the age differences in the inflammatory markers partly depended on the shift system.
the results give some support that rapidly forward-rotating shift systems are more ' age-friendly ' than backward-rotating shift systems.
there is increasing evidence that many chronic inflammatory diseases represent an acceleration of the ageing process.
chronic obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often originate early in life.
in addition to a genetic predisposition , prenatal and early-life environmental exposures have a persistent impact on respiratory health.
such profiles could guide the ideation of effective preventive strategies and / or targeted early lifestyle or therapeutic interventions.
objectives : endothelial progenitor cells ( epcs ) play an important role in postnatal neovascularization.
the number and function of epcs declines as part of aging-associated senescence , thereby potentially contributing to vascular pathologies.
here , we investigated the significance and molecular mechanisms of microrna-22 ( mir-22 ) governing epc senescence.
methods : epcs were isolated from human circulating mononuclear cells from healthy young and aged volunteers.
gene and protein expression were analyzed by qrt-pcr and western blot respectively.
results : we found that mir-22 was upregulated in aged epcs.
overexpression of mir-22 in young epcs induced cell senescence , decreased proliferation and migration , and impaired angiogenesis in vitro.
conversely , silencing of endogenous mir-22 led to decreased cell senescence , increased proliferation and migration , and improved angiogenesis.
akt3 was identified as a direct target of mir-22 , and restoration of akt3 expression attenuated the effects of mir-22 in young epcs.
background : hypertension increases with increasing age.
optimal treatment of hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular disease.
recent guidelines for hypertension have made recommendations for older adults but are supported by evidence that includes younger individuals.
this systematic review evaluates the benefits and harms of antihypertensive agents in adults aged ≥65 years.
methods : we searched medline and clinicaltrials.gov for studies from @number@ to @number@
eligible studies included participants aged ≥65 years with hypertension.
we abstracted study characteristics , cardiovascular benefits , and harms.
results : thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria.
most studies compared different antihypertensive agents and / or placebo groups.
these studies consistently demonstrated reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with no treatment.
seven studies examined optimal bp targets.
mild sbp control benefitted subjects in all age ranges over @number@ years.
few studies assessed and explicitly reported harms.
conclusions : in this review , older adults with hypertension had decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with antihypertensives compared with no treatment.
strict control was not consistently better than mild control in older adults.
there was enormous heterogeneity in these studies , and reporting of harms stratified by age is lacking.
the current evidence is insufficient to determine the safest , most beneficial hypertension regimen in older adults.
objective : verification of self-medication prevalence and associated factors in the elderly , as well as identification of the main categories of non-prescription drugs utilized.
data sources : the following databases were utilized : cochrane , pubmed , scopus , lilacs , scielo , paho , medcarib and wholis.
study eligibility criteria : studies on the prevalence of self-medication in community-dwelling elderly were included.
review studies were excluded , as well as msc dissertations , phd theses and research with convenience sampling.
participants : community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ years or over.
study appraisal and synthesis methods : a systematic review of population-based articles published up until @date@ , is presented.
results : thirty-six articles were selected , of which @number@ were included after critical reading.
the prevalence of self-medication varied between @number@ and @percent@ , and the majority of studies reported values between @number@ and @percent@.
the mean prevalence reported in the articles was @percent@ , but several criteria were utilized to measure self-medication.
the most commonly utilized non-prescription drugs were analgesics and antipyretics , followed by non-hormonal anti-inflammatories , cardiovascular agents , dietary complements and alternative medicine components.
limitations : different definitions of self-medication were employed in the identified articles , which hindered the comparison between studies and meta-analysis.
only @number@ studies analysed associated factors and a minority carried out multivariate data analysis.
future studies are necessary , utilizing a standard self-medication criterion to facilitate comparison and elucidate the factors associated with this behaviour.
results : the prevalence of psychosis in ad ( @percent@ ) was higher than in mci ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) .
in addition , only in psychotic ad patients , all bpsd and types of agitation were more severe compared to non-psychotic ad patients.
objectives : this study examined social support and identified demographic and health correlates among american indians aged @number@ years and older.
methods : data were derived from the native elder care study , a cross-sectional study of @number@ community-dwelling american indians aged ≥55 years.
social support was assessed using the medical outcomes study social support survey measure ( mos-sss ) of which psychometric properties were examined through factor analyses.
increased age , being married / partnered , and female sex were associated with high social support in the final model.
decreased depressive symptomatology was associated with high overall , affectionate , and positive interaction support , and decreased chronic pain with affectionate support.
the count of chronic conditions and functional disability were not associated with social support.
strong cultural values of caring for older adults and a historical tradition of community cooperation may explain this finding.
future public health efforts may be able to leverage social support to reduce health disparities and improve mental and physical functioning.
background : specific mechanisms behind the role of oxidative / nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis remain elusive.
mitochondrial aconitase ( aco2 ) is a krebs cycle enzyme sensitive to free radical-mediated damage.
plasma levels and activities of antioxidants were also measured.
methods : blood samples were collected from @number@ subjects with ad , @number@ with mci , @number@ ocn , and @number@ ycn.
aco2 activity was evaluated in a subsample before and after in vitro exposure to free radicals.
furthermore , free radicals exposure reduced aco2 activity more in individuals with ad than in ocn subjects.
conclusion : our results suggest that aco2 activity is reduced in peripheral lymphocytes of subjects with ad and mci and correlates with antioxidant protection.
further studies are warranted to verify the role of aco2 in ad pathogenesis and its importance as a marker of ad progression.
however , predictors might be more or less powerful depending on the characteristics of the mci sample.
methods : variables known to predict progression in mci patients and hypothesized to predict progression in early-stage mci patients were selected.
results : those variables hypothesized to predict the course of early-stage mci patients were most predictive for mci progression.
specifically , regional primacy score ( a measure of word-list position learning ) most consistently predicted conversion to ad dementia and course of cognitive functioning.
conclusion : predictors of mci progression need to be interpreted in light of the characteristics of the respective mci sample.
future studies should aim to compare predictive strengths of markers between early-stage and late-stage mci patients.
we assessed hypertension prevalence , awareness , treatment , and control with blood pressure measurements and self-report data.
adjusted models included variables assessing personal advantage and disadvantage , place-based factors , sociodemographics , comorbidities , and health behaviors.
in adjusted models , nd was not associated with hypertension awareness or treatment.
conclusions : these findings show that neighborhood environmental factors matter for hypertension outcomes and suggest the importance of nd for hypertension management in older adults.
leukocyte telomere length was assayed from dna specimens.
diet was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls.
associations were examined using multivariate linear regression for the outcome of log-transformed telomere length.
consumption of @percent@ fruit juice was marginally associated with longer telomeres ( b = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @number@ p = @number@ ) .
no significant associations were observed between consumption of diet sodas or noncarbonated ssbs and telomere length.
conclusions : regular consumption of sugar-sweetened sodas might influence metabolic disease development through accelerated cell aging.
context : reference intervals for bone turnover markers ( btms ) and relationships between btm and fracture risk in older men are not well characterized.
interventions : morning blood samples were collected at the study visit.
comorbid conditions were assessed by questionnaire.
further studies are needed to clarify the utility of btm reference intervals in the management of aging men at risk of osteoporosis.
unconditional adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios for general medical and psychiatric characteristics were calculated and were the primary study focus.
significant predictors of homeless program completion assessed from univariate models were then evaluated in multivariate models.
results : younger ( < 55 ) and older ( ≥55 ) homeless veterans reported an equal number of days homeless before enrollment.
younger veterans averaged @number@ fewer days in gpd.
older veterans had more general medical problems and approximately $ 500 more in program costs.
conclusions : findings from this study indicate that older homeless veterans are at increased risk of serious medical problems.
this group is especially vulnerable to experiencing negative consequences related to homelessness.
addressing these complex needs will allow the va to provide enhanced care to older homeless veterans.
start-up time was determined from video recordings and walking speed measured using timing gates.
a mixed-model analysis of variance ( anova ; age by walking condition ) with repeated measures was applied.
results : start-up times were slower in the stroller and shopping cart conditions compared with the unloaded and shopping bags conditions.
loading reduced walking speed , with the shopping cart being the slowest , followed by the stroller and then the shopping bags.
a significant interaction was found , with young controls reducing their speeds more substantially while handling the stroller / cart than older participants.
conclusion : loading caused a compromise in start-up time and walking speed.
the start-up time was slower when pushing a stroller or pulling a shopping cart but remained unaffected by carrying shopping bags.
speed was reduced under all loaded conditions , with a greater effect in young than older participants when handling a stroller or shopping cart.
unlabelled : background / study context : recent evidence indicates that older persons have difficulty mentally representing intended movements.
the authors tested the notion that older adults may also have difficulty perceiving the postural constraints associated with reach estimation.
the expectation was a significant postural effect with the standing condition , as evidenced by reduced overestimation.
conclusion : from one perspective , these results show that older adults do perceive postural constraints in light of their own physical capabilities.
that is , that group perceived greater postural demands with the standing posture and elected to program a more conservative strategy , resulting in underestimation.
this study examined how thinking about events in different ways after their occurrence can influence younger and older adults ' memory for what really occurred.
conclusions : these findings illustrate the negative impact of thinking about and nondiscriminately remembering past events on subsequent memory accuracy.
unlabelled : background / study context : previous research has shown an increase of subjective organization of stimuli and of recall performance across learning trials.
to close this gap , parameters of verbal learning were regressed on growth parameters of subjective organization.
methods : the sample for this investigation involved n = @number@ subjects ( @number@ to @number@ years old ) .
participants learned a word list containing @number@ unrelated words , presented randomly across five trials.
subjective organization was measured by using the paired frequency measure.
results : overall , there were reliable individual differences with regard to both subjective organization and verbal learning.
results showed that the learning parameters were positively correlated with the initial level and linear slope of subjective organization.
furthermore , growth parameters of subjective organization turned out to be reliable predictors of verbal learning.
conclusion : the present study emphasized the role of analyzing individual differences in subjective organization.
implications are discussed , in particular , regarding the interdependency of subjective organization and verbal learning in old age.
the present study is the first to investigate this nature effect in older adults.
the authors investigated whether executive attention could be improved in healthy older adults following brief exposure to nature pictures.
methods : thirty healthy older adults ( 64-79 years old ) and @number@ young university students ( 18-25 years old ) participated.
alerting and orienting attention scores were not affected by picture viewing.
importance : associations have been documented between physical activity and depressive symptoms , but the direction of this association is unclear.
we included approximately @number@ cohort members with information on depressive symptoms or frequency of physical activity at @number@ @number@ @number@ or @number@ years of age.
exposures : depressive symptoms were measured using the psychological subscale of the malaise inventory ; frequency of physical activity , by questionnaire.
such differences equate to estimated reductions in odds of depression by @percent@.
a longitudinal relationship observed between symptoms and activity weakened with age ( p < .001 for interaction ) .
associations for depression were generally similar to those for the full symptom spectrum.
a clear understanding of the hs concept and its measurement in the area of dementia might improve the effectiveness of the process.
method : a systematic review of the literature on hs and dementia was conducted up till @date@ .
results : from the @number@ retrieved articles , @number@ were included in the review.
the majority of the studies did not rely on a theoretical framework.
osteoporosis and its associated increased risk for fragility fracture is one of the most disabling consequences of aging in women.
the women's health initiative offers the unprecedented opportunity to systematically address both of these issues.
two of these factors ( age and fracture history ) also predict risk for total fractures in women irrespective of race-ethnicity.
two cornerstones of therapy for postmenopausal hormone therapy and calcium plus vitamin d supplementation- were rigorously studied.
data such as these have helped to lay a foundation for the more effective management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women.
in fact , the cardiovascular disease mortality rate among women exceeds the rate in men.
unfortunately , many minority women are still unaware of the importance of this disease.
such an estimate will help determine if women are candidates for preventive measures and specific therapies such as aspirin.
hormone therapy is no longer recommended due to an increase in adverse events ( most consistently seen as increased ischemic stroke risk ) .
folic acid is also no longer recommended due to lack of benefit.
data from a parallel prospective observational study of @number@ women examine biomarkers and risk factors associated with stroke.
we summarize the results of @number@ published articles in the whi with stroke or cognition as outcomes of interest.
hormone therapy has adverse effects on the brain as manifested by higher risks of stroke and dementia.
additional risk factors for stroke identified in whi should be followed up to determine if reversing them would result in lower stroke rates.
identifying appropriate candidates for menopausal hormone therapy ( ht ) is challenging given the complex profile of risks and benefits associated with treatment.
most professional societies agree that ht should not be used for chronic disease prevention.
this individualized approach holds great promise for improving the safety of ht.
we review here the evidence for this approach , focusing on vascular health because of limited data on other outcomes.
additional research on hormone dose , formulation , and route of delivery will be important for improving this model.
observational study data mostly reflects long-term use in women who survive the early increase , while trials mainly reflect short-term use.
confounding plays a role , but biologic differences in study populations are unlikely to explain the different risk estimates.
epstein-barr virus ( ebv ) is detected in @percent@ to @percent@ of sporadic burkitt lymphoma ( sbl ) .
however , only a few studies of ebv-positive ( ebv ) sbl have been reported , and its characteristics still remain controversial.
we also revealed the difference of the involved sites.
in contrast , the gastrointestinal tract was less frequently affected in ebv sbl ( p = 0.024 ) .
in addition , the less positivity for mum1 ( p = 0.020 ) of ebv sbl was highlighted.
these results indicate that biological behavior and pathogenesis of ebv sbl might be different from those of ebv sbl.
these particles did not give rise to any adverse reactions and were fortuitously discovered by the surgeon during a facelift.
in some cases , only a long fibrous tract surrounded by a moderate mononucleate infiltrate was observed.
as this value is specific for gold , it confirms the presence of the metal in the patient's skin.
the histopathologic appearance of gold threads is particularly distinctive and easily recognizable by dermatopathologists.
objectives : we sought to examine the prospective influence of social capital and social network ties on smoking relapse among adults.
methods : in @number@ a 2-year follow-up study was conducted with the @number@ montreal neighborhood networks and healthy aging study ( monnet-ha ) participants.
we asked participants in @number@ and @number@ whether they had smoked in the past @number@ days.
position and name generators were used to collect data on social capital and social connections.
we used multilevel logistic analysis adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors to predict smoking relapse in @number@
results : of the @number@ monnet-ha follow-up participants , @number@ were nonsmokers in @number@
among nonsmokers , @number@ were smokers in @number@
conclusions : social network capital reduced the chances of smoking relapse.
smoking cessation programs might aim to increase network diversity so as to prevent relapse.
objectives : we examined the associations between depressive symptoms and sexual identity and behavior among women with or at risk for hiv.
we controlled for age , socioeconomic status , violence history , and substance use.
odds of depressive symptoms were lower among some sexual minority women at older ages.
highest-ranked discriminative scps reflect increases in long-range connectivity in adults between the frontal areas and posterior cingulate regions.
in contrast , connectivity between the bilateral parahippocampal gyri was decreased in adults compared to children.
cortical surface atlases play an increasingly important role for analysis , visualization , and comparison of results across different neuroimaging studies.
then we establish intersubject cortical correspondences by groupwise registration of the within-subject mean cortical folding geometries of all infants.
our constructed 4d infant cortical surface atlases with developmental trajectories based parcellation will greatly facilitate the surface-based analysis of dynamic brain development in infants.
recently , the hyperspharm algorithm was proposed to parameterize multiple disjoint objects in a holistic manner using the 4d hyperspherical harmonics.
the hyperspharm coefficients are global ; they cannot be used to directly infer localized variations in signal.
in this paper , we present a unified wavelet framework that links hyper-spharm to the diffusion wavelet transform.
specifically , we will show that the hyperspharm basis forms a subset of a wavelet-based multiscale representation of surface-based signals.
we also show that the hyperspherical wavelet successfully picks up group-wise differences that are barely detectable using spharm.
neuroimaging biomarkers play a prominent role for disease diagnosis or tracking neurodegenerative processes.
multiple methods have been proposed by the community to extract robust disease specific markers from various imaging modalities.
evaluating the accuracy and robustness of developed methods is difficult due to the lack of a biologically realistic ground truth.
we propose a proof-of-concept method for a patient- and disease-specific brain neurodegeneration simulator.
we simulated follow-up images from baseline scans and compared them to real repeat images.
additionally , simulated maps of volume change are generated , which can be compared to maps estimated from real longitudinal data.
the results indicate that the proposed simulator reproduces realistic patient-specific patterns of longitudinal brain change for the given populations.
longitudinal imaging studies involve tracking changes in individuals by repeated image acquisition over time.
the goal of these studies is to quantify biological shape variability within and across individuals , and also to distinguish between normal and disease populations.
in this paper , we propose a two-stage method for the statistical analysis of longitudinal shape.
in the first stage , we estimate diffeomorphic shape trajectories for each individual that minimize inconsistencies in segmented shapes across time.
this is followed by a longitudinal mixed-effects statistical model in the second stage for testing differences in shape trajectories between groups.
the term prediction implies expected outcome in the future , often based on a model and statistical inference.
longitudinal imaging studies offer the possibility to model temporal change trajectories of anatomy across populations of subjects.
this paper follows a statistical inference approach and presents a framework for prediction of future observations based on past measurements and population statistics.
the proposed methodology is generic in regard to application domains.
here , we demonstrate analysis of early infant brain maturation from longitudinal dti with up to three time points.
growth as observed in dti-derived scalar invariants is modeled with a parametric function , its parameters being input to nlme population modeling.
trajectories of new subject's data are estimated when using no observation , only the first or the first two time points.
leave-one-out experiments result in statistics on differences between actual and predicted observations.
we also simulate a clinical scenario of prediction on multiple categories , where trajectories predicted from multiple models are classified based on maximum likelihood criteria.
ln metastases are the most important prognostic factor in patients that undergo curative resection.
hence , the surgeon is the most important non-tmn prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
nonetheless , the resection range for middle-third gastric cancer cases and the extent of ln dissection at early stages remains controversial.
sirt6 is a sir2 family member that regulates multiple molecular pathways involved in metabolism , genomic stability , and aging.
it has been proposed previously that sirt6 is a tumor suppressor in cancer.
here , we challenge this concept by presenting evidence that skin-specific deletion of sirt6 in the mouse inhibits skin tumorigenesis.
sirt6 promoted expression of cox-2 by repressing ampk signaling , thereby increasing cell proliferation and survival in the skin epidermis.
sirt6 expression in skin keratinocytes was increased by exposure to uvb light through activation of the akt pathway.
clinically , we found that sirt6 was upregulated in human skin squamous cell carcinoma.
frailty is common in hiv-infected patients , but its causes are elusive.
we assessed @number@ clinic patients for frailty using the 5-measure fried frailty criteria.
the next most common criterion was low physical activity ( expenditure of kcal / week ) .
frailty was reversible : @number@ frail patients returned for reassessment and only @number@ were frail.
analyses were performed separately in each study and combined using inverse variance meta-analysis.
lipid fractions ( triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ) were studied as continuous variables.
wmhv was studied both in a continuous and dichotomous manner , the latter reflecting the age-specific top quartile of wmhv ( ext-wmhv ) .
analyses were adjusted for age and sex.
associations were attenuated but maintained after adjusting for other vascular risk factors or for inflammatory markers.
conclusions : increasing triglycerides but not other lipid fractions were associated with mri markers of cerebral small vessel disease in older community persons.
isokinetic quadriceps strength was measured semiannually over @number@ years.
peroneal motor nerve conduction amplitude and velocity were recorded.
sensory nerve function was assessed with 10-g and @number@.4-g monofilaments and average vibration detection threshold at the toe.
lower-extremity neuropathy symptoms were self-reported.
conclusion : poor nerve function predicted lower strength and faster strength decline.
future work should examine interventions aimed at preventing declines in strength in older adults with impaired nerve function.
we hypothesize that quantitative and qualitative sarcopenia-related parameters may not be equally predictive of incident disability , thus presenting different clinical relevance.
incident disability in ≥1 adl defined the outcome of interest.
results : during the follow-up ( median = @number@ years ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) incident adl disability events were reported.
in men , several of the tested variables ( except muscle mass measures ) reported significant results.
conclusions : gender strongly influences which sarcopenia-related parameters predict disability.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers and poly-l-lactic acid ( pla ) fillers are frequently used to correct facial wrinkles.
efficacy was determined by calculating the change in wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) relative to baseline.
local safety was assessed by reported adverse events.
both injections were well tolerated , and the adverse reactions were mild and transient in most cases.
conclusions : pla provides noninferior efficacy compared with ha @number@ months after being used to treat moderate to severe nasolabial folds.
there is an increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease ( aitd ) in women with infertility.
we hypothesized that serum anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) levels will be lower in premenopausal women with aitd than controls.
detailed data on reproductive history were obtained.
gonadotrophins , steroids , amh , and inhibin b levels were measured during the follicular phase.
the number of pregnancies as well as live births was lower in women with aitd ( p < @number@ ) .
whether measurements of inflammatory markers and cells from tissues collected in these two different ways are comparable is debatable.
we sought to determine whether these two techniques yield systematically different results for measurements of inflammation , cellular senescence and adipose tissue composition.
twelve subjects undergoing surgery participated.
at the time of surgery abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from adjacent sites was removed by excision and needle aspiration.
we found no statistically significant differences between the two sample-collection approaches for any of the parameters measured.
it is well established that the cholesterol-transporter apolipoprotein ε ( apoe ) genotype is associated with the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.
the causes of such hampered fc are not understood.
compared with wild-type mice , we detected fc deficits in both adult and old apoe4 and apoe-ko mice.
instead , in apoe-ko mice fc deficits were mirrored by strongly reduced brain perfusion since adulthood.
frailty and depressive symptoms are common issues facing older adults and may be associated.
it is not clear if the depression facilitates the appearance of frailty syndrome or vice versa or these two coexist independently in the same individuals.
two independent reviewers extracted descriptive information on the prevalence and co-occurrence of frailty and depression in older individuals and of frailty criteria among depressed patients.
results : depression and frailty occur in a significant proportion of frail older individuals.
common pathophysiological alterations and biomarkers in the two syndromes have been recently described.
conclusion : studies on the causal relationship between the two syndromes are clearly necessary in the future.
when available , radiographs and ct scans for these children were also reviewed.
results : ninety-eight children with @number@ mr studies were identified from the data search.
of these , @number@ patients were excluded and the final cohort included @number@ children with @number@ mri studies.
forty-one of these patients also had shoulder radiographs.
the cartilaginous precursors of the distal clavicle and acromion conformed to the final shape of these structures.
the chondro-osseous interphases became progressively more lobulated and notched in the distal acromion and clavicle respectively.
appearance and fusion of the secondary ossification centers was significantly earlier in our study than previously reported.
acromial secondary ossification centers began forming at age @number@ and clavicular ones , while uncommon , began forming at age @number@
fusion of acromial primary and secondary ossification centers began at age @number@ and was generally complete after age @number@
conclusions : based on mr imaging the development and fusion of the acromion and distal clavicle in children occur earlier than previously reported.
they follow a sequential pattern and can serve as a blueprint for evaluating imaging studies of pediatric shoulders.
objectives : behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) cause significant stress and distress to both aged-care residents and staff.
this study evaluated a training program to assist staff to manage bpsd in residential care.
method : a randomised controlled trial ( rct ) was employed.
the study was included in the australian and new zealand clinical trial register residential care facilities.
staff ( n = @number@ ) and residents ( n = @number@ ) were from @number@ residential care facilities.
staff and resident outcome measures were obtained pre-intervention , three months and six months post-intervention.
secondary outcomes were changes in staff adjustment.
conclusion : these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the bpsd protocol in reducing bpsd and improving staff self-efficacy and stress.
the hyperintensities appeared most frequently in the deep white matter of the frontal lobe with a similar average hyperintensity size in all hemispheric lobes.
methods : the same patient group was reinvestigated in @number@ using the same mri scanner and acquisition protocol.
mr measurements were performed on a @number@.0-tesla clinical mri scanner.
findings of the baseline and follow-up studies were compared with each other.
no changes were found in the hemispheric and lobar distribution of hyperintensities.
conclusions : this longitudinal mri study found clinically silent brain white matter hyperintensities to be predominantly progressive in nature.
the absence of a control group precludes definitive conclusions about the nature of these changes or if their degree is beyond normal aging.
extract of the mycelium of tricholoma matsutake ( t. matsutake ) , or pine mushroom , is widely distributed in asian countries.
the extract is from the natural biomaterial of the mushroom which is rich in polysaccharides , including β-glucan.
this extract has shown potent bioactive antioxidant , immunomodulatory and antitumoral properties.
on the other hand , the expression of timp-1 and tropoelastin was increased in fibroblasts treated with the extract of the mycelium of t. matsutake.
however , collagent expression was not affected.
age-adjusted maximal heart rate was calculated using prediction equations based on leg exercise and compared with measured hrmax data for the arms.
maximal hr for arm exercise was significantly overpredicted compared with age-adjusted prediction equations in both young and older adults.
however , recent epidemiologic , genetic and molecular studies support a major role for oxidative stress in both dry amd and xfs development.
a spirometric reference equation consists of a mathematical model with constants and coefficients optimized to fit a specific data set from healthy individuals.
commonly applied models are selected on statistical rather than physiological considerations.
a predetermined model with constants and coefficients optimized to various populations would enable interpretable and interesting comparisons between populations.
lubiński and gólczewski recently presented a piecewise linear model with constants and coefficients claimed to be physiologically interpretable ( lubiński model ) .
will reference equations based on the lubiński model and optimized to a swedish and to a polish population allow for interpretable comparisons ?
are three well-known reference equations clinically useful in the swedish adult population ?
a recent swedish random population sample with high-quality spirometric measurements enabled the present analyses.
when optimized to fit the swedish population sample , the lubiński model and two other models provided accurate predictive normal values.
interesting differences were demonstrated between the polish and swedish populations.
a transgenic mouse model ( αmhc ( @number@ ) ) has been extensively used to study various mechanistic aspects of hcm.
there is general skepticism whether mouse and human disease features are similar.
herein we compare morphologic and functional characteristics , and disease evolution , in a transgenic mouse and a single family with a mhc mutation.
morphometric , conventional echocardiographic , tissue doppler and strain analytic characteristics of transgenic mice and hcm patients were assessed.
ten male transgenic mice ( αmhc ( @number@ ) ) were examined at ages @number@ weeks , @number@ weeks , and @number@ weeks.
in β-myosin heavy chain mutations , transgenic mice and humans have similar progression in morphologic and functional abnormalities.
the αmhc ( @number@ ) transgenic mouse model closely recapitulates human disease.
the world health organization ( who ) has formulated guidelines for a healthy diet to prevent chronic diseases and postpone death worldwide.
adjusted cohort-specific hazard ratios were derived by using cox proportional hazards regression and subsequently pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
during @number@ person-years of follow-up , @number@ deaths occurred.
median hdi scores ranged from @number@ to @number@ points across cohorts.
these estimates translate to an increased life expectancy of @number@ years at the age of @number@ years.
greater adherence to the who guidelines is associated with greater longevity in elderly men and women in europe and the united states.
recent findings : increasing evidence supports the expanded use of ambulatory surgery for managing elderly patients undergoing elective surgery procedures.
summary : this review article describes the demographics of ambulatory surgery in the elderly population.
this review article describes the effects of aging on the responses of geriatric patients to anesthetic and analgesic drugs used during ambulatory surgery.
finally , we discuss the future challenges related to the continued expansion of ambulatory surgery practice in this growing segment of our surgical population.
the role of anesthesiologists as perioperative physicians is of critical importance for optimizing surgical outcomes for elderly patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.
providing high-quality , evidence-based anesthetic and analgesic care for elderly patients undergoing elective operations on an ambulatory basis will assume greater importance in the future.
this review traces evidence that age-related dementia ( alzheimer's disease ) results from the destructive impact of the pulse on cerebral vasculature.
all ids-tilda variables showing significant association ( p < @number@ ) with edentulism were entered into a regression model to identify predictors of edentulism.
only age was predictive of edentulism among older adults with id.
edentulism was prevalent earlier for those with id.
notably , @number@ percent of edentulous older people with id were without dentures.
the role of wnt / beta-catenin signaling and beta-catenin itself in the processes of cardiogenesis and adult myocardium functioning is not fully elucidated to date.
ths composition is affected by chemical transformations and by air-surface partitioning over time scales of minutes to months.
this study identified and quantified airborne ths pollutants available for respiratory exposure , identified potential environmental tracers , and estimated health impacts to nonsmokers.
results were compared with field measurements taken in a smoker's home @number@ h after the last cigarette had been smoked.
by contrast , other vocs persisted in the gas phase for at least @number@ h , particularly furans , carbonyls , and nitriles.
the concentration ratio of acetonitrile to 3-ep increased substantially with aging.
this ratio may provide a useful metric for differentiating freshly emitted ( shs ) from aged smoke ( ths ) .
the levels of acrolein , methacrolein , and acrylonitrile exceeded concentrations considered harmful by the state of california.
exposure to pm2.5 contributed to more than @percent@ of the predicted harm.
acrolein , furan , acrylonitrile , and @number@ , 3-butadiene were considered to be the most harmful vocs.
benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed.
importance : there are genetic influences on memory ability as we age , but no specific genes have been identified.
results of the individual replication cohorts were combined by meta-analysis.
main outcome measure : episodic memory scores computed as the mean of the @number@ standardized measures of logical memory ia and iia.
results : heritability estimates indicated a significant genetic component for eem ( h2 = @number@ se = @number@ ) .
genome-wide linkage analysis revealed that eem was linked to the 6q24 region ( maximum logarithm of odds score , @number@ ) .
association analysis in llfs families identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) nominally associated with eem in the 40-megabase window encompassing the linkage peak.
replication in one cohort identified a set of @number@ snps associated with episodic memory ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : the results provide strong evidence for potential candidate genes related to eem on 6q24.
identifying the genes will help in understanding the biological basis of memory performance and allow interventions for enhancement of cognitive function.
background : seniors constitute the largest group of hospital users.
the increasing share of immigrants in canada's senior population can affect the demand for hospital care.
hospitalization was assessed with logistic regressions ; cumulative length of stay , with zero-truncated negative binomial regressions.
all-cause hospitalization and hospitalizations specific to circulatory and digestive diseases were examined.
results : immigrant seniors had significantly low age- / sex-adjusted odds of hospitalization , compared with canadian-born seniors ( or = @number@ ) .
adjustment for demographic and socio-economic characteristics did not change the overall patterns.
immigrants ' cumulated length of hospital stay tended to be shorter than or similar to that of canadian-born seniors.
interpretation : immigrant seniors , especially recent arrivals , had lower odds of hospitalization and similar time in hospital , compared with canadian-born seniors.
these patterns likely reflect differences in health status.
variations by world region and disease reflect the diverse health care needs of immigrant seniors.
telomeres are essential in maintaining chromosome integrity and in controlling cellular replication.
attrition of telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) with age is well documented from cross-sectional studies.
the rate of telomere change was distinct for t-cells , b-cells and monocytes for any given subject.
telomerase activity declined with age in the resting t-cells and b-cells and the activated t-cells.
hericium erinaceus ( he ) is a fungus inhabiting the mountainous areas of the northeast territories in asia.
he has been used in traditional folk medicine and medicinal cuisine in china , korea and japan.
evidence has been adduced for a variety of physiological effects , including anti-aging , anti-cancer , anti-gastritis , and anti-metabolic disease properties.
hence , he is an attractive target resource for developing not only medicines , but also functional foods.
basic studies on the physiological functions of he and on the chemical identification of its active ingredients have progressed in recent decades.
serum biomarkers measured on admission : troponin i , c-reactive protein ( abbott ) , and lp-pla ( @number@ ) ( diadexus ) .
c-reactive protein ( crp ) failed to discriminate four groups of patients.
certain photosynthetic marine organisms have evolved mechanisms to counteract uv-radiation by synthesizing uv-absorbing compounds , such as mycosporine-like amino acids ( maas ) .
the mycosporine-gly extract , but not the other maas , had strong antioxidant activity in the @number@ , ( dpph ) assay.
interestingly , the increased expression of involucrin after uv exposure was suppressed by treatment with the maas mycosporine-gly and shinorine , but not porphyra-334.
this is the first report investigating the biological activities of microalgae-derived maas in human cells.
objective : muscle loss and metabolic changes occur with disuse [ i.e. bed rest ( br ) ] .
upper and lower body exercises were performed in the horizontal position.
blood samples were taken at baseline , after @number@ days of br and @number@ days of recovery.
conclusions : we conclude that rt can be incorporated to potentially offset the metabolic complications of br.
the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is being increasingly understood.
in this far-reaching review , we examine what is currently known about als genetics and how these genes were initially identified.
this article is part of a special issue entitled als complex pathogenesis.
our sample included @number@ filipino formal caregivers to older persons ( age 65 + ) suffering from cancer or other chronic diseases.
participants completed a short questionnaire targeting background information , subjective perception of distress , attachment to the care recipient family , and the distress thermometer.
participants reported extreme levels of distress , with only seven ( @percent@ ) scoring less than @number@ on the distress thermometer.
the tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the shared presence of tau aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles within the central nervous system.
whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating mutation in synaptojanin @number@ ( synj1 ) .
quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot experiments demonstrated diminished synj1 messenger rna and protein.
knockout synj1 ( - / - ) mice have convulsions and die early in life.
more recently , homozygous missense mutations have been reported in @number@ families with early-onset parkinsonism and seizures.
our findings broaden the spectrum of disease associated with alteration of synj1 and further implicate defects in synaptic vesicle recycling in the tauopathies.
during the tests , the elbow angle and electromyographic ( emg ) signals of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii were recorded simultaneously.
this method and index provide evidence of neurological changes after stroke and aging by complexity analysis of the surface emg signals.
further studies are needed to validate and facilitate the application in clinic.
age-related alterations in brain structure and function have been challenging to link to cognition due to potential overlapping influences of multiple neurobiological cascades.
we examined multiple brain markers associated with age-related variation in cognition.
partial correlation and mediation analyses estimated age-related variance in cognition shared with individual brain markers and unique to each marker.
the largest relationships linked fa and striatum volume to processing speed and executive function , and hippocampal volume to episodic memory.
of the age-related variance in cognition , 70-80% was accounted for by combining all brain markers ( but only ∼20% of total variance ) .
age had significant indirect effects on cognition via brain markers , with significant markers varying across cognitive domains.
muscle csa was derived from proton density images.
repeated measures anovas and bonferroni post hoc tests determined the effects of time and group on each muscle outcome.
results : in both groups , muscle csa and fa did not significantly change over time , whereas adc significantly decreased.
a greater decline at @number@ min for young women was only observed for adc in the medial gastrocnemius.
conclusion : regardless of age , adc values decreased with fluid shift associated with time spent supine , whereas csa and fa were not affected.
for leg muscle assessment in young and older women , dti scanning protocols should consider the amount of time spent in a recumbent position.
objective : understanding the mechanisms linking sleep impairment to morbidity and mortality is important for future prevention , but these mechanisms are far from elucidated.
sub-analyses suggested that the association between disturbed sleep and al might be explained by underlying disorders.
impaired sleep may be a risk factor for developing disease and be a risk marker for underlying illness or sleep disorders.
method : we used logistic regression to analyze secondary data regarding @number@ chinese older adults applying for long-term care service in hong kong in @number@
results : approximately @percent@ of participants were depressed and @percent@ experienced communication difficulty.
depression was associated with increased pain.
communication difficulty was found to moderate the relationship between depression and pain.
pain scores increased more when individuals who experienced communication difficulty reported being depressed , compared to those who did not experience communication difficulty.
conclusion : the moderating effect of communication difficulty may be explained by the interaction between depression and communication difficulty.
health care professionals need to be aware of the different effects of communication difficulty on the pain experiences of older adults.
psychosocial intervention may be provided to minimize older adults ' communication barriers to pain management.
background : chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) and chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) are highly treatable conditions occurring primarily in older patients.
here , we examine survival for patients with cll and cml in the united states ( us ) and england.
five-year relative survival was calculated by major age group.
results : five-year relative survival increased for both cll and cml in both england and the us between 1996-2000 and 2006-2010.
however , relative age-related disparities persisted.
conclusions : survival improved for patients with chronic leukemias in the early 21st century.
however , age-related disparities persist , despite clinical trial evidence that treatment in older adults with chronic leukemia can be safe and effective.
abnormally elevated iron levels have been found in various neurodegenerative diseases.
additionally , iron overload and related neurodegeneration may also occur during aging , but the functional consequences are not clear.
latent variables corresponding to manual dexterity and executive functions were obtained using factor analysis.
the factor scores for manual dexterity declined significantly with increasing age.
modulation of the mu-alpha and mu-beta spontaneous rhythms reflects plastic neural changes within the primary sensorimotor cortex ( sm1 ) .
following both smt sessions , they repeatedly practiced a 5-elements sequential finger-tapping task ( ftt ) .
source power maps in the mu-alpha and mu-beta bands were localized using dynamic statistical parametric mapping ( dspm ) .
the ftt sequence was performed faster at retest than at the end of the learning session , indicating an offline boost in performance.
the enhanced post-movement rebound in young subjects potentially reflects post-training plastic changes in sm1.
age-related decreases in post-training modulatory effects suggest reduced experience-dependent plasticity in the aging brain.
the nucleolus is a compartment for the transcription of ribosomal rna ( rrna ) and assembly of ribosome subunits.
however , functional knowledge of paris is limited , and no other studies have been performed to elucidate its function.
together , our results suggest that dysfunction of the parkin-paris pathway may play a deleterious role in rrna transcription and contribute to pd pathogenesis.
it is also unclear whether ageing modulates any such adjustments.
this study aimed to examine the relationships between adiposity , ageing and skeletal muscle size and architecture.
both gm muscle volume ( p = @number@ ) and pcsa ( p = @number@ ) exhibited significant age × bmi interactions.
in addition , muscle volume and pcsa correlated with bmi , body mass and fat mass.
our findings partly support our hypotheses in that obesity-associated changes in gm pcsa and volume differed between the young and old.
such an adaptation to increased loading did not occur in the older gm muscle.
methods and results : cross-sectional study.
the findings presented in this manuscript are a subanalysis of the evident study whose purpose was to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and arterial aging.
gi and gl for each patient's diet were calculated from a previously validated , semi-quantitative , 137-item food frequency questionnaire.
similarly , for every increase in @number@ units in gl , the paix75 increased by @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
the mechanisms underlying the relations among health literacy , perceived capacity for communication , diabetes knowledge , and diabetes self-care are unclear.
the model showed that health literacy , knowledge , communication capacity , and diabetes self-care formed complex relations.
to enhance self-care , interventions should be tailored to increase patient health literacy and perceived capacity for communication with health care providers.
training should be provided to patients to enhance their communication abilities.
osteoporosis is a major public health issue that is expected to rise as the global population ages.
resveratrol ( res ) is a plant polyphenol with various anti-aging properties.
due to multiple actions on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts , res has potential to attenuate bone loss resulting from different etiologies and pathologies.
several animal models have investigated the bone protective effects of res supplementation.
ovariectomized rodent models of rapid bone loss due to estrogen-deficiency reported that res supplementation improved bone mass and trabecular bone without stimulating other estrogen-sensitive tissues.
res supplementation prior to age-related bone loss was beneficial.
in growing rodents , res increased longitudinal bone growth , but had no other effects on bone.
in the absence of human clinical trials , evidence for a role of res on bone heath relies on evidence generated by animal studies.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : resveratol : challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
interestingly , we found an increased cofilin1 phosphorylation / inactivation with age and ad pathology , both in vivo and in vitro.
these changes were associated with a major inactivation of ssh1.
interestingly , inhibition of ã-secretase activity with compound-e ( @number@ ìm ) prevented cofilin1 phosphorylation / inactivation through an increase of ssh1 activity in pcns.
together , these results shed new light in understanding the molecular mechanisms promoting cofilin1 dysregulation , both during aging and ad.
they further have the potential to impact the development of therapies to safely treat ad.
background : residential aged care facility ( racf ) resident numbers are increasing.
residents are frequently frail with substantial co-morbidity , functional and cognitive impairment with high susceptibility to acute illness.
despite living in facilities staffed by health professionals , a considerable proportion of residents are transferred to hospital for management of acute deteriorations in health.
this model of emergency care may have unintended consequences for patients and the healthcare system.
this review describes available evidence about the consequences of transfers from racf to hospital.
methods : a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature using four electronic databases.
findings were synthesized and key factors identified.
results : residents of racf frequently presented severely unwell with multi-system disease.
in-hospital complications included pressure ulcers and delirium , in @number@ and @percent@ of residents , respectively ; and up to @percent@ experienced potentially invasive interventions.
despite specialist emergency care , mortality was high with up to @percent@ dying in hospital.
conclusions : acute emergency department ( ed ) transfer is a considerable burden for residents of racf.
from available evidence , it is not clear if benefits of in-hospital emergency care outweigh potential adverse complications of transfer.
future research is needed to better understand patient-centred outcomes of transfer and to explore alternative models of emergency healthcare.
background : recent evidence suggests that psychotic-like experiences ( ples ) in the general population are important markers of risk of suicidal problems.
however , there have been no epidemiological studies investigating help-seeking status in individuals with ples and elevated risk of suicide.
results : adolescents with ples ( @percent@ ) had significantly higher risk of suicidal problems than those without ples.
among the individuals with both ples and samd , @percent@ did not seek any help ( poor-help-seeking status ) .
conclusions : adolescents with ples and self-awareness of mental distress are at high risk for suicidal problems , particularly those without help seeking.
objective : studies in type @number@ diabetes report both increased mortality for normal weight and no evidence of an obesity paradox.
research design and methods : the ages-reykjavik cohort comprised participants aged 66-96 years with diabetes defined by fasting glucose , medications , or self-report.
thigh muscle area and intermuscular , visceral , and subcutaneous adipose tissues were assessed with computed tomography.
function was assessed from gait speed and knee extensor strength.
hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @percent@ cis were estimated by cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics and diabetes-related risk factors.
linear regression confirmed with bootstrapping indicated that thigh muscle size mediated @percent@ of the relationship between normal weight and mortality.
conclusions : normal weight participants had elevated mortality risk compared with overweight participants.
this paradoxical association was mediated in part by muscle size.
this study explores whether the association between leisure involvement and well-being in later life changes over time.
findings remained significant after controlling for sociodemographics , health , and cognitive functioning.
a solid-phase extraction method with in-cartridge derivatization using o- ( @number@ , 6-pentafluorobenzyl ) hydroxylamine followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed.
results : twenty-two volatile aldehydes were identified and determined in the samples.
analysis of variance provided significant differences among the samples as a function of the type of vinegar , aging time and raw material.
principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis demonstrated the possibility of discriminating the samples in terms of aging time and raw material.
conclusion : aldehyde content of premium quality vinegars is a function of both ageing time and raw material.
their evaluation could be a useful tool with a view to ascertaining vinegar origin and genuineness.
tension-type headache ( tth ) is the most prevalent headache type in all age groups worldwide , including patients with advanced age.
because of its high prevalence and possible association with medical and psychiatric co-morbidities , tth has a major socioeconomic impact.
this article reviews the diagnostic and treatment dilemmas encountered in elderly patients with tension-type headaches , highlighting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
stroke and parkinson disease cause disability and immobilization that increase the risk for fractures.
the purpose of the present research was to clarify the efficacy of @number@ different bisphosphonates against hip fracture in elderly patients with these neurologic diseases.
every study was evaluated using the jadad scale.
eight rcts met the criteria including @number@ rcts for stroke and @number@ for parkinson disease.
no severe adverse events were reported for bisphosphonates treatment.
elderly patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) have a poor prognosis.
owing to treatment-related toxicities , there is no standard chemotherapy for the elderly patients , especially those aged @number@ years or older.
the incidences of grade @number@ neutropenia and febrile neutropenia ( fn ) were @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
efficacy was evaluated in patients with dlbcl.
the overall and complete response ( cr ) rates were @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
two-year event-free survival ( efs ) and overall survival ( os ) were @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
there was no treatment-related mortality.
in conclusion , two-thirds r-chop chemotherapy is a promising treatment for elderly patients with b-cell nhl in terms of its efficacy and toxicity.
data regarding workers ' job characteristics were from self-report and occupational information network measures.
consistent indirect effects were observed from health status and sense of control to all @number@ of these outcomes via perceived work ability.
antigen-specific multifunctional t cells that secrete interferon-γ , interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-α simultaneously after activation are important for the control of many infections.
this involves surface and intracellular cell staining coupled to fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect telomeres ( flow-fish ) .
however , these end-stage cells do not have the shortest telomeres , implicating additional non-telomere-related mechanisms in inducing their senescence.
furthermore , these multi-functional cells had intermediate telomere lengths compared with cells producing only one or two cytokines after activation.
there were @number@ aids and @number@ non-aids deaths at @number@ years , and @number@ aids and @number@ non-aids deaths at @number@ years.
d-dimer and factor viii were not associated with aids or non-aids death at @number@ or @number@ years.
lower total protein s was a consistent marker of non-aids death.
given longer survival on highly active antiretroviral therapy , further studies of these markers are needed to determine their prognostic value.
in the future vascular medicine will still have a great impact on health of people.
for the future acceptance of vascular medicine as a separate subject area under delimitation of cardiology and radiology is important.
these requirements are mandatory to decrease patients ' mortality step by step.
human semaphorin 5a ( sema5a ) is an autism susceptibility gene ; however , its function in brain development is unknown.
sema5a is strongly expressed by gcs and regulates dendritic spine density in a cell-autonomous manner.
in the adult mouse brain , newly born sema5a- / - gcs show an increase in dendritic spine density and increased ampa-type synaptic responses.
sema5a signals through plexina2 co-expressed by gcs , and the plexina2-rasgap activity is necessary to suppress spinogenesis.
sema5a- / - mice display deficits in social interaction , a hallmark of
mitochondrial fusion and fission affect the distribution and quality control of mitochondria.
we show that marf ( mitochondrial associated regulatory factor ) , is required for mitochondrial fusion and transport in long axons.
moreover , loss of marf leads to a severe depletion of mitochondria in neuromuscular junctions ( nmjs ) .
marf mutants also fail to maintain proper synaptic transmission at nmjs upon repetitive stimulation , similar to drp1 fission mutants.
however , unlike drp1 , loss of marf leads to nmj morphology defects and extended larval lifespan.
interestingly , human mitofusin-2 rescues the loss of ld but both mitofusin-1 and mitofusin-2 are required for steroid-hormone synthesis.
our data show that marf and mitofusins share an evolutionarily conserved role in mitochondrial transport , cholesterol ester storage and steroid-hormone synthesis.
although the diagnostic work-up is basically the same in young and in elderly patients , therapeutic strategies vary considerably.
here , we review the characteristics of elderly pcnsl patients with a particular focus on advances in the optimization of treatment regimens.
recent findings : age has been repeatedly confirmed as a major therapy-independent negative prognostic factor.
benefit from treatment and the tolerability of tumor-specific therapy , particularly whole-brain radiotherapy , are significantly lower in the elderly patients.
however , the durability of responses to primary chemotherapy is significantly shorter than in young patients.
summary : current efforts aim at treating elderly pcnsl patients within clinical trials that are specifically designed for this group of patients.
determining adapted consolidation and / or maintenance treatment to improve disease control in responding patients are the main challenges to be faced by future trials.
together with a better understanding of age-specific changes in the biology of pcnsl , this will pave the road for elderly tailored therapies.
the purpose of this study was to examine proverb interpretation performance and functional independence in older adults.
tests of proverb interpretation , additional executive functions , and functional ability were administered to nondemented older adults.
results showed that proverb interpretation accounted for a significant amount of unique variance of functional ability scores.
this supports including a measure of proverb interpretation to the assessment of older adults.
methods : participants were @number@ people aged @number@ and over from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
frailty was defined according to the fried criteria.
participants were asked about difficulties with mobility or other everyday activities.
those with difficulties were asked whether they received help or used assistive devices.
results : the overall weighted prevalence of frailty was @percent@.
prevalence rose with increasing age , from @percent@ in those aged 60-69 years to @percent@ in those aged @number@ or over.
frailty occurred more frequently in women than in men ( @number@ versus @percent@ ) .
mobility difficulties were very common : @percent@ of frail individuals had such difficulties versus @percent@ of the non-frail individuals.
among those with difficulties with mobility or other daily activities , @percent@ of frail individuals and @percent@ of non-frail individuals said that they received help.
design : a prospective , population-based cohort study.
subjects : @number@ adults aged ≥50 years from the irish longitudinal study on ageing.
methods : participants reported regular medication use at baseline.
any subsequent falls , any injurious falls and the number of falls were reported @number@ years later.
the association between polypharmacy ( > 4 medications ) or fall risk-increasing medications and subsequent falls or injurious falls was assessed using modified poisson regression.
the association with the number of falls was assessed using negative binomial regression.
results : during follow-up , @number@ falls per @number@ person-years were reported.
other medications assessed , including antihypertensives , diuretics and antipsychotics , were not associated with outcomes.
some individuals fear living with advanced dementia and may even commit suicide if they receive dementia diagnosis.
living with advanced dementia could be prevented if a person who cannot feed himself or herself would not be fed by others.
all participants of @number@ focus groups would be willing to indicate at least @number@ condition in which they would not want to be fed.
some of them would be willing to make a proxy decision to stop feeding in the absence of advance directives.
because of the dearth of biomarkers of aging , it has been difficult to test the hypothesis that obesity increases tissue age.
on average , epigenetic age increased by @number@ y for each @number@ bmi units.
on average , each individual carried one heteroplasmy , and one in eight individuals carried a disease-associated heteroplasmy , with minor allele frequency ≥1%.
this study also took advantage of droplet digital pcr ( ddpcr ) to validate heteroplasmies and confirm a de novo mutation.
our results can be used to predict the transmission of disease-causing mtdna variants and illuminate evolutionary dynamics of the mitochondrial genome.
objective : accurate estimates of the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy allow us to better assess its societal impact.
prevalence and incidence studies often use unvalidated screening tools resulting in estimates of uncertain accuracy.
results : we recruited @number@ consecutive participants , @number@ of whom were diagnosed with epilepsy by a study neurologist.
in response to a variety of stresses , mammalian cells undergo a persistent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence.
many senescence-inducing stressors are potentially oncogenic , strengthening the notion that senescence evolved alongside apoptosis to suppress tumorigenesis.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a transitional stage between age-related cognitive decline and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
for the effective treatment of ad , it would be important to identify mci patients at high risk for conversion to ad.
however , it is evident based on our results that combining mri data with cognitive test results improved the accuracy of the mci-to-ad conversion prediction.
males and females showed similarly faster thinning rates during adolescence relative to young adults.
background : frailty , defined as a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors , has been linked to adverse outcomes after surgery.
frailty was assessed using the modified frailty index ( mfi ) derived from the canadian study of health and aging ( csha ) .
the primary outcome was 30-day mortality , and secondary outcomes included 30-day morbidity and ftr.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ overall ; @percent@ evar and @percent@ oar ) died ≤30 days of repair.
one or more complications occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ overall ; @percent@ evar and @percent@ oar ) .
conclusions : higher mfi , independent of other risk factors , is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing elective evar and oar.
the mortality in frail patients is further driven by ftr from postoperative complications.
preoperative recognition of frailty may serve as a useful adjunct for risk assessment.
thrombosis is a common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease , ischemic stroke , and venous thromboembolism ( vte ) .
the global burden of disease study @number@ ( gbd @number@ ) documented that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused one in four deaths worldwide.
gbd @number@ did not report data for vte as a cause of death and disability.
we performed a systematic review of the literature on the global disease burden due to vte in low , middle and high income countries.
the incidence increased to between @number@ and @number@ per @number@ among those @number@ years of age or more.
although the incidence is lower in individuals of chinese and korean ethnicity , their disease burden is not low because of population aging.
vte causes a major burden of disease across low , middle , and high income countries.
methods : the study participants were @number@ japanese patients without a history of cardiovascular disease treated in our outpatient department.
the in all participants cimt was measured with ultrasonography at baseline and after a mean interval of @number@ years.
age-related cataract has become one of the most serious problems facing the aging population in the world.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mir-125b in the development of age-related cataract.
we demonstrated that mir-125b was downregulated in both age-related cataract tissue and lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by uv irradiation.
we also identified the impact of mir-125b on apoptosis in a lens epithelial cell line.
in vitro , mir-125b regulates human lens epithelial cell apoptosis at least in part by directly targeting p53.
in addition , an inverse relationship between mir-125b and p53 expression was seen in age-related cataract tissue.
this review explores the relationship between platelet-derived growth factor and wound healing.
natural selection often acts simultaneously at more than one level of biological organization and on specific traits , which we define as multilevel selection.
indeed , many opportunities exist to apply multilevel selection models employed in evolutionary biology and biodemography to improving human health at all hierarchical levels.
logistic regression methods showed that older adults remained an independent predictor of hospital admission ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
older ed attenders are also more likely to require investigations , procedures and hospital admissions.
objective : little is known about factors that may prevent or delay adverse health outcomes in frail older adults.
previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of psychosocial resources on health outcomes in older adults.
the aim of this study was to investigate whether psychosocial resources modify the effects of frailty on functional decline and mortality.
frailty and psychosocial resources were assessed at t1 ( 2005 / 2006 ) .
frailty was assessed using the criteria of fried's phenotype.
psychosocial resources included sense of mastery , self-efficacy , instrumental support and emotional support.
functional decline and mortality were assessed at t2 ( 2008 / 2009 ) .
after adjustment for covariates , higher levels of mastery and self-efficacy were associated with decreased odds of functional decline , but not mortality.
no statistically significant interaction effects between frailty and psychosocial resources were found for either functional decline or mortality.
conclusion : this study found no evidence that psychosocial resources buffer against functional decline and mortality in frail older adults.
methods : a nested case-control study was carried out.
a total of @number@ of @number@ consecutive patients evaluated for cognitive status at the ambulatory geriatric clinic had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.
controls without atrial fibrillation were randomly selected from the remaining @number@ patients using a 1 : 2 matching for sex , age and education.
in patients with atrial fibrillation , these rates ranged from @percent@ ( @percent@ ci 32-77 ) to @percent@ ( @percent@ ci 39-91% ) .
conclusions : vascular dementia and alzheimer's disease , but not mixed dementia , are more prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation.
the discriminative accuracy of the hachinski ischemic score for dementia subtypes in atrial fibrillation is poor , with a significant proportion of misclassifications.
vitamin d plays crucial roles in neuroprotection and neurodevelopment , and low levels are commonly associated with schizophrenia.
vitamin d levels in @number@ well-characterized schizophrenia cases were examined with respect to symptoms , cognition , and functioning.
ltl was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) .
in females ltl was furthermore associated with vitamin d levels.
this study demonstrates a relationship of low vitamin d levels with increased cellular aging in females.
it is also the first study to demonstrate potential sex-specific profiles among schizophrenia cases with hypovitaminosis.
current medical therapies for ed largely seek to maximize endogenous no signalling.
certain aetiologies , including diabetes , are difficult to treat with current modalities , emphasizing the need for new molecular targets.
purpose : to describe age-related changes of different corneal layers using a quantitative analysis of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy.
design : descriptive observational cross-sectional study.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy corneas of @number@ subjects , distributed in four age categories , underwent in vivo corneal confocal microscopy.
the effect of aging on the main features of corneal epithelium , sub-basal nerve plexus , stroma , and endothelium was investigated.
results : mean diameter of superficial epithelial cells increases with age ( @number@ μm per year ; p < @number@ ) .
mean cell density of basal epithelium does not change with age ( p = @number@ ) .
keratocyte density significantly reduces with age in each stromal layer ( p < @number@ ) .
endothelial cell count decreases by @number@ cells / mm ( @number@ ) per year ( p < @number@ ) .
endothelial polymegathism index and pleomorphism index do not change with age ( p = @number@ and p = @number@ respectively ) .
conclusions : corneal confocal microscopy allows a non-invasive examination of the living cornea , analyzing the microstructure of each corneal layer.
aging significantly influences the corneal confocal microscopy parameters of individual corneal layers , except sub-basal nerve plexus and basal epithelium.
background : circulating interleukin-6 levels increase with advancing age and are a risk factor for various diseases and mortality.
the characterization of gene expression profiles associated with interleukin-6 levels might suggest important molecular events underlying its regulation.
we then replicated @number@ genes in the inchianti study with @number@ participants.
many of the top genes are involved in inflammation-related pathways or erythrocyte function , including jak / stat signaling pathway and interleukin-10 signaling pathway.
conclusion : we identified and replicated @number@ genes that were associated with circulating interleukin-6 levels.
future characterization of interleukin-6 regulation networks may facilitate the identification of additional potential targets for treating inflammation-related diseases.
aims : to test the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of heart failure ( hf ) .
methods and results : we prospectively studied @number@ @number@ men from the physicians ' health study.
we used cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted relative risk of hf.
during a mean follow-up of @number@ years there were @number@ new cases of hf.
the mean age at baseline was @number@ ± @number@ years.
conclusions : our data suggest that moderate consumption of chocolate might be associated with a lower risk of hf in male physicians.
resveratrol , a plant-derived polyphenol , regulates many cellular processes , including cell proliferation , aging and autophagy.
however , the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action in cells are not completely understood.
intriguingly , resveratrol treatment of cells growing in nutrient-rich conditions induces autophagy , while acute resveratrol treatment of cells in a serum-deprived state inhibits autophagy.
aging impairs blood vessel function and leads to cardiovascular disease.
the mechanisms underlying the age-related endothelial , smooth muscle and extracellular matrix vascular dysfunction are discussed.
vascular dysfunction is caused by : ( @number@ ) oxidative stress enhancement.
( @number@ ) reduction of nitric oxide ( no ) bioavailability , by diminished no synthesis and / or augmented no scavenging.
( @number@ ) production of vasoconstrictor / vasodilator factor imbalances.
( @number@ ) low-grade pro-inflammatory environment.
( @number@ ) impaired angiogenesis.
( @number@ ) endothelial cell senescence.
the aging process in vascular smooth muscle is characterized by : ( @number@ ) altered replicating potential.
( @number@ ) change in cellular phenotype.
( @number@ ) changes in responsiveness to contracting and relaxing mediators.
( @number@ ) changes in intracellular signaling functions.
systemic arterial hypertension is an age-dependent disorder , and almost half of the elderly human population is hypertensive.
the influence of hypertension on the aging cardiovascular system has been studied in models of hypertensive rats.
treatment for hypertension is recommended in the elderly.
since all antihypertensive agents can lower blood pressure in the elderly , therapy should be based on its potential side effects and drug interactions.
since proteins are the major functional building blocks of the biological world , most homeostasis regulations are realized at the protein level.
diagnosis-oriented monitoring of cross-species proteostasis will constitute a solid basis for next-generation preventive medicine.
the distinctive merit of metaproteomics on health state monitoring will be given special attention.
questions to be addressed include : how this microbial ecosystems in and around humans beings coevolve and stabilize during human development and aging ?
how the grade of microbial virulence is controlled at the community level ?
what happens upon temporary or ultimate homeostasis breakdown ?
how metaproteomics will affect next-generation diagnostics and preventive medicine ?
the biological mechanisms responsible for the decline in skeletal muscle mass during aging remain unknown.
it is hypothesized that elevations in the level of the acute phase c-reactive protein ( crp ) negatively affect skeletal muscle mass in elderly.
in order to further confirm our findings , we incubated human myoblasts in exogenous crp.
collectively , these findings highlight the contribution of the systemic inflammatory status in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle function.
background : agitation is common across neuropsychiatric disorders and contributes to disability , institutionalization , and diminished quality of life for patients and their caregivers.
there is no consensus definition of agitation and no widespread agreement on what elements should be included in the syndrome.
a consensus definition will facilitate communication and cross-study comparison and may have regulatory applications in drug development programs.
nine-hundred twenty-eight respondents participated in the different phases of the process.
a majority of the respondents agreed that the definition is appropriate for clinical and research applications.
conclusions : a provisional consensus definition of agitation has been developed.
this definition can be used to advance interventional and non-interventional research of agitation in patients with cognitive impairment.
aerobic exercise in young adults can induce vascular plasticity in the hippocampus , a critical region for recall and recognition memory.
in a mechanistic proof-of-concept intervention over @number@ months , we investigated whether healthy older adults ( 60-77 years ) also show such plasticity.
hippocampal volumes were assessed by high-resolution @number@ tesla mri.
fitness improvement correlated with changes in hippocampal perfusion and hippocampal head volume.
perfusion tended to increase in younger , but to decrease in older individuals.
the changes in fitness , hippocampal perfusion and volume were positively related to changes in recognition memory and early recall for complex spatial objects.
path analyses indicated that fitness-related changes in complex object recognition were modulated by hippocampal perfusion.
these findings indicate a preserved capacity of the aging human hippocampus for functionally relevant vascular plasticity , which decreases with progressing age.
white matter lesions ( wml ) are common in brain aging and are associated with dementia.
we aimed to investigate whether oxidative dna damage and occur in wml and in apparently normal white matter in cases with lesions.
oxidative damage was assessed by immunohistochemistry to ( 8-ohdg ) and western blotting for malondialdehyde.
expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16 suggested induction of senescence mechanisms in glia.
oxidative dna damage and a dna damage response are features of wml pathogenesis and suggest candidate mechanisms for glial dysfunction.
their expression in apparently normal white matter in cases with wml suggests that white matter dysfunction is not restricted to lesions.
the role of this field-effect lesion pathogenesis and cognitive impairment are areas to be defined.
the efficacy of this agent has previously been demonstrated in an in vivo study using an electrophysiological protocol in a rat model.
a total of @number@ subjects with moderate to severe glabellar lines were randomized at a 1 : 1 ratio.
each patient received treatment with @number@ u of study medication.
maximum frown responder rates at week @number@ were measured to analyze the primary efficacy endpoint.
to evaluate secondary efficacy endpoints , response rates were measured at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@ at maximum frown and rest.
specifically , responder rates at both maximum frown and at rest were assessed based on clinical photography.
subject degree of satisfaction and self-assessed rate of response were also measured.
adverse events ( aes ) were documented to evaluate safety.
responder rate by physician-rating severity at maximal contraction at week @number@ was @percent@ in the dwp450 group and @percent@ in obont group.
for the secondary efficacy endpoint analyses , no significant differences were observed between the two groups for any variable at any point in time.
the incidences of aes were similar for the two groups.
most of aes were considered mild.
dwp450 and obont were comparable in efficacy and safety in the treatment of glabellar lines.
ventricular measures can represent accumulation of diffuse brain atrophy with very high effect sizes.
despite having no direct role in cognition , ventricular expansion co-occurs with volumetric loss in gray and white matter structures.
ventricular expansion in mci was associated with thinner gray matter in frontal , temporal , and parietal regions affected by ad.
ventricular expansion reflects cortical atrophy in early ad , offering a useful biomarker for clinical trials of interventions to slow ad progression.
the neuroprotective role of adenosine and the deregulation of adenosine receptors in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) have been extensively studied in recent years.
however , little is known about the involvement of purine metabolism in ad.
we started by analyzing gene expression in the entorhinal cortex of human controls and ad cases with whole-transcript expression arrays.
our results indicate stage- and region-dependent deregulation of purine metabolism in ad.
here we propose a method based on non-linear image registration to estimate and analyze from observed brain morphologies the relative contributions from aging and pathology.
the longitudinal model is then used as a reference for the cross-sectional analysis.
finally , we define the specific morphological process as the remainder of the observed anatomy after the removal of the estimated normal aging process.
our model shows that ad is characterized by localized disease-specific brain changes as well as by an accelerated global aging process.
this method may thus represent a more precise instrument to identify potential clinical outcomes in clinical trials for disease modifying drugs.
this is unfortunate because much may be revealed about the nature of concept learning by examining the limits exhibited by special populations.
to do so , we employed a novel parainformative experimental task involving categorical stimuli with four objects defined over three dimensions.
the learning difficulty ordering for these types of three-dimensional stimuli has proven robust and has been replicated by several researchers.
we accurately predicted and accounted for these results using generalized invariance structure theory ( gist ; vigo , @number@
the gist of concepts.
cognition , @number@ 138-162 ) , which posits that organisms detect invariance patterns in stimuli that are necessary precursors to concept formation.
xenobiotics , as well as intrinsic processes such as cellular aging , contribute to an environment that constantly challenges nuclear organization and function.
while it becomes increasingly clear that proteasome-dependent proteolysis is a major player , the topology and molecular mechanisms of nuclear protein homeostasis remain largely unknown.
application of discrete mathematics to imaging data is introduced as a tool to develop pattern recognition of intracellular protein fibrillation.
we consider aggregate profiling as an important experimental approach to determine if nuclear amyloid has toxic or protective roles in various disease processes.
background : intravenous bridging strategies increase exposure of antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk hematological patients.
the cost-effectiveness of such strategies has not been analyzed.
sensitivity analysis of cost calculation with different discount rates was performed to improve robustness of our health economic evaluation.
conclusions : our health economic evaluation shows micafungin bridging in asct patients did not result in excess cost.
adipose-derived stem cells ( adscs ) are known to secrete various cytokines , which affect fibroblast function through paracrine effects.
adscs and hdfs were isolated from healthy donors and flow cytometry was used for immunophenotype identification.
adscs were co-cultured with young or aged human dermal fibroblasts in transwell plates , and control groups were established accordingly.
cellular proliferation was measured by an mtt assay.
type i collagen , matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) mrna expression were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
it was identified that adscs promoted proliferation of co-cultured hdfs and induced increased expression of type i collagen and decreased expression of mmp-1.
the co-cultured hdfs exhibited increased expression of sa-β-gal.
these results demonstrated that adscs improve fibroblast function through paracrine effects.
the increased expression of sa-β-gal indicated an accelerated aging process.
it is proposed that adscs may improve fibroblast function , but not reverse the age status in vitro.
recent research has claimed that a novelty dimension is needed to represent the cognitive emotion structure over and above valence , power and arousal.
novelty emerged when student samples evaluated the meaning of @number@ emotion terms on @number@ emotion features.
this claim is debatable , however , because to date novelty has never been found in similarity sorting studies.
it is possible that novelty emerged because sophisticated student samples evaluated emotion terms on emotion features.
novelty robustly emerged as the fourth dimension.
the existence of novelty is thus confirmed with a different method across a wide variety of participants.
we propose that stem cell therapy may be a potent treatment for metastatic melanoma in the brain.
here we discuss the key role of a leaky blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) that accompanies the development of brain metastases.
abrogating this leaky bbb-mediated inflammation via stem cell therapy represents a paradigm-shifting approach to treating brain cancer.
this review article discusses the pros and cons of cell therapy for melanoma brain metastases.
our understanding of the mechanisms controlling gene expression is actually now expanding to a previously unforeseen extent.
some of the novel modulators have also been shown to participate in the control of melatonin biosynthesis and melatonin receptor expression.
modern rehabilitation medicine is propelled by newfound knowledge aimed at offering solutions for an increasingly aging population afflicted by chronic debilitating conditions.
nascent regenerative technologies offer unprecedented prospects in achieving repair of degenerated , diseased , or damaged tissues.
in this context , principles of regenerative science are increasingly integrated in rehabilitation practices as illustrated in the present supplement.
encompassing a growing multidisciplinary domain , the emergent era of \ "regenerative rehabilitation \ " brings radical innovations at the forefront of healthcare blueprints.
objectives : little is known about influences of sample selection on estimation in propensity score matching.
in the young adult population , both methods balanced covariates effectively , but only optimal full matching created representative populations.
conclusion : given covariate balancing with both methods , attenuated program impacts in the young adult population indicated that one-to-one greedy matching introduced selection bias.
we examined a behavioral mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve healthy old adults ' gait speed.
the study provides the first behavioral evidence regarding a mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve healthy old adults ' gait speed.
in each task and each phase , variations in mep characteristics were analysed for age and muscle-dependent effects.
variations in silent period ( sp ) duration were also examined for certain phases ( apa and exec ) .
no age or muscle effects were detected for sp measurements.
we also argued that episodic recollection should be configural ( tending towards all-or-nothing recall of the www elements ) .
moreover , performance did not differ from that on a what-what-what control task.
our second deferred imitation study required the children to reproduce actions on an object in a room , thereby affording layout-based spatial cues.
in this case , not only was there superior-to-chance performance after @number@ years but memory was also configural at both ages.
the present study investigates whether age-related changes in metabolite concentrations occur in the healthy cervical spinal cord.
metabolite concentrations normalised to unsuppressed water were quantified using lcmodel and associations between age and spinal cord metabolite concentrations were examined using multiple regressions.
the findings suggest that neuroaxonal loss and / or metabolic neuronal dysfunction , and decline in glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter pool progress with aging.
purpose : oxidative stress and dna damage contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related cataract ( arc ) .
most oxidative dna lesions are repaired via the base excision repair ( ber ) proteins including 8-oxoguanine dna glycosylase @number@ ( ogg1 ) .
this study examined dna methylation of cpg islands upstream of ogg1 and their relation to the gene expression in lens cortex from arc patients.
ogg1 expression in lens cortex was analyzed by qrt-pcr and western blot.
the localization and the proportion of cells positive for ogg1 were determined by immunofluorescence.
bisulfite-sequencing pcr ( bsp ) was performed to evaluate the methylation status of cpg islands near ogg1 in dna extracted from lens cortex.
results : the mrna and protein levels of ogg1 were significantly reduced in the lens cortex of arc.
immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of ogg1-positive cells decreased significantly in arc cortex in comparison with the control.
the cpg island in first exon of ogg1 displayed hypermethylation in the dna extracted from the lens cortex of arc.
treatment of hleb-3 cells with 5-aza-dc upregulated ogg1 expression.
uvb-induced apoptosis was attenuated after transfection with ogg1.
conclusion : a reduced ogg1 expression was correlated with hypermethylation of a cpg island of ogg1 in lens cortex of arc.
the role of epigenetic change in ogg1 gene in the susceptibility to oxidative stress induced cortical arc is warranted to further study.
background : patients with multimorbidity are an increasing concern in healthcare.
clinical practice guidelines , however , do not take into account potential therapeutic conflicts caused by co-occurring medical conditions.
this makes therapeutic decisions complex , especially in emergency situations.
objective : the aim of this study was to identify and quantify therapeutic conflicts in emergency department patients with multimorbidity.
we cross-tabulated all active diagnoses with treatments recommended by guidelines for each diagnosis.
then , we identified potential therapeutic conflicts and classified them as either major or minor conflicts according to their clinical significance.
results : @number@ emergency inpatients with multimorbidity were included.
the mean number of active diagnoses per patient was @number@ ( sd±3.4 ) .
we identified a total of @number@ therapeutic conflicts in @percent@ of the of the study population.
in @percent@ of the study population major therapeutic conflicts , in @percent@ of the patients minor therapeutic conflicts occurred.
clinical practice guidelines need to address frequent therapeutic conflicts in patients with co-morbid medical conditions.
a ggggcc repeat expansion in the c9orf72 gene was recently identified as a major cause of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
in a series of @number@ patients with clinically diagnosed psp , we found @number@ patient with an intermediate repeat length.
patients were found with no more than @number@ ggggcc repeats.
human aging is accompanied by both vascular and cognitive changes.
progression of this vascular impairment may contribute to cognitive changes that arise with a similar time course during aging.
conversely , it has been proposed that regular exercise plays a protective role , attenuating the impact of age on vascular and metabolic physiology.
here , the impact of vascular degradation in the absence of disease was investigated within @number@ groups of healthy younger and older adults.
prostate cancer is a kind of commonly diagnosed male malignancy.
with the aging population in china , both incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are expected to keep increasing in the future.
the methylation of rarβ2 gene promoter is a common molecular event in prostate cancer.
thus , we aimed at establishing a high-performance noninvasive dna methylation assay based on pyrosequencing for screening of prostate cancer in this article.
the assay is designed to detect aberrant promoter methylation of rarβ2 gene in ejaculate samples.
significant correlation was observed between prostate cancer and methylation level of rarβ2 gene promoter.
in addition , the results of pyrosequencing in ejaculate samples were compared with that of dna sequencing in tissue samples from the same patients.
there is no significant difference in the detection of rarβ2 promotor methylation between these two methods ( p < @number@ ) .
moreover , the acceptive degree of this noninvasive method makes it potentially promising for future screening of prostate cancer.
this will assist emergency physicians in risk stratification.
methods : data for @number@ adult hpvg patients who visited our ed between @date@ and @date@ were analyzed.
the saps ii , apache ii score , and sofa score were calculated based on the worst laboratory values in the ed.
the probability of death was calculated for each patient based on these scores.
conclusion : this is one of the largest series performed in a population of adult hpvg patients in the ed.
we recommend that the saps ii be used for outcome prediction and risk stratification in adult hpvg patients in the ed.
correlations between dmn and cognitive performances were also tested.
after ccr , a significant negative correlation between stroop color-word interference test and fc in the pcc emerged.
after act , the control group did not show any significant effect either on fc or neuropsychological tests.
no significant differences were found in brain volumes and lesion load in both groups when comparing data acquired at baseline and after ccr or act.
thus , typical memory tasks engage different regions from typical perception tasks because they inherently test information on opposing ends of this continuum.
memory deficits are reliably reported with age , but the tasks used to make these conclusions predominantly rely on conjunctive representations.
these findings support recent data showing an age related decline in the ability to form conjunctive representations.
since falls are a major public health problem in an aging society , there is considerable demand for low-cost fall detection systems.
this means that some daily activities are erroneously signaled as fall , which in turn leads to frustration of the users.
in this paper we present how to design and implement a low-cost system for reliable fall detection with very low false alarm ratio.
the detection of the fall is done on the basis of accelerometric data and depth maps.
a tri-axial accelerometer is used to indicate the potential fall as well as to indicate whether the person is in motion.
it is a 365 / @date@ embedded system permitting unobtrusive fall detection as well as preserving privacy of the user.
lower educational attainment generally is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
the underlying mechanisms of this effect are , however , less clear.
data came from @number@ participants aged @number@ through @number@ from the age , gene / environment susceptibility ( ages ) - reykjavik study.
between @number@ and @number@ data were collected using questionnaires and examinations including morning and evening salivary samples.
hospital admission records and cause of death registries ( icd-9 and icd-10 codes ) were available until @date@ .
linear regression and cox proportional hazards analyses were performed.
human aging is characterized by declines in cognition and fine motor function as well as improved emotional regulation.
in men , declining levels of testosterone ( t ) with age have been implicated in the development of these age-related changes.
however , studies examining the effects of t replacement on cognition , emotion and fine motor function in older men have not provided consistent results.
rhesus monkeys ( macaca mulatta ) are excellent models for human cognitive aging and may provide novel insights on this issue.
the fine motor task was the lifesaver task that required monkeys to remove a lifesaver candy from rods of different complexity.
t manipulations did not significantly affect visual recognition memory , working memory , reference memory or fine motor function at any age.
in both age groups , high t increased watching time of threatening social stimuli in the social playbacks.
overall , tenderness , juiciness , and flavor liking of beef were evaluated by consumers ( n = @number@ ) using 9-point scales.
consumer scores showed an increasing trend in beef liking with aging time.
consumers from pamplona assigned lower ( p < @number@ ) hedonic scores for beef liking than consumers from barcelona and zaragoza.
linseed and / or cla can be fed to improve the fatty acid profile in beef with minimal impact on consumer liking.
consumer ratings seem to depend on regional tastes and preferences.
method : the sample comprised @number@ older adults aged 75-91 years.
to assess physical functions , we measured handgrip strength , knee extension strength , standing balance and walking speed.
tests of attention , executive function , processing speed and memory were performed to assess actual cognitive function.
to investigate everyday memory , more and more studies rely on virtual-reality applications to bridge the gap between in situ approaches and laboratory settings.
psychol. , @number@ @number@ ) in ageing and in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
autophagy is a major clearance mechanism that degrades organelles and large protein aggregates to maintain cell survival and protein homeostasis.
our preliminary data suggest that elevated basal levels of autophagy as reflected by high serum beclin-1 levels may be a biomarker of healthy human el.
functional recovery occurs with sustained sobriety , but the neural mechanisms enabling recovery are only now emerging.
views on functional adaptation in chronic alcoholism have expanded with results from neuroimaging studies.
here , we first describe and define the concept of neuroadaptation according to emerging theories based on the growing literature in aging-related cognitive functioning.
finally , we review brain plasticity based on physiologic mechanisms that could underlie mechanisms of neural compensation.
where possible , we provide operational criteria to define functional and neural compensation.
cryptococcus neoformans , similar to other eukaryotes , undergoes replicative aging.
specifically , the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between age-stereotypes and health locus of control.
a path-analytical approach was used to investigate moderating effects of age and gender.
significant age and gender interactions were found to influence the relationship between age-stereotypes and internal health locus of control.
the findings point to the importance of targeting health promotion and interventions through addressing negative age-attitudes.
the overall impact of diabetes using the average weighted impact score from the audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire was calculated.
participants were categorized according to this score as having either less or more negative diabetes-related quality of life.
results : participants had a mean ± sd age of @number@ ± @number@ years and @percent@ were male.
significant differences were found according to diabetic complications in specific audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life items and impact scores.
insulin use had a greater association with a more negative quality of life compared with other antidiabetic agents.
perception of diabetes-related quality of life is associated with glycaemic control over time.
background : overweight and obesity in childhood have been linked to an increased risk of adult mortality , but evidence is still scarce.
methods : we identified trajectories of body mass index ( bmi ) development in early life and investigated their mortality risk.
similar associations were observed for cancer mortality.
conclusions : an increasing bmi in early life may shorten the lifespan of maturing cohorts as they age , particularly among women.
design : fifteen-month prospective study.
setting : general community in japan.
participants : a total of @number@ community-dwelling elderly people aged @number@ years or over without depressive symptoms at baseline.
results : at a 15-month follow-up survey , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) reported the development of depressive symptoms.
conclusions : our findings suggested that frailty and poor self-rated general health were independent predictors of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly people.
the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) has many important functions in maintaining the brain's immune-privileged status.
endothelial cells , astrocytes , and pericytes have important roles in preserving vasculature integrity.
as we age , cell senescence can contribute to bbb compromise.
the compromised bbb allows an influx of inflammatory cytokines to enter the brain.
these cytokines lead to neuronal and glial damage.
ultimately , the functional changes within the brain can cause age-related disease.
one of the most prominent age-related diseases is ischemic stroke.
stroke is the largest cause of disability and is third largest cause of mortality in the united states.
the biggest risk factors for stroke , besides age , are results of the metabolic syndrome.
the metabolic syndrome , if unchecked , quickly advances to outcomes that include diabetes , hypertension , cardiovascular disease , and obesity.
the contribution from these comorbidities to bbb compromise is great.
some of the common molecular pathways activated include : endoplasmic reticulum stress , reactive oxygen species formation , and glutamate excitotoxicity.
in this chapter , we examine how age-related changes to cells within the central nervous system interact with comorbidities.
we then look at how comorbidities lead to increased risk for stroke through bbb disruption.
finally , we discuss key molecular pathways of interest with a focus on therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.
this pattern of arhl is similar to that of most humans : difficult to diagnose clinically at its onset and currently not treatable medically.
to address the challenge of early diagnosis , we use cba mice to analyze the initial stages and functional onset biomarkers of arhl.
the results for the younger subjects revealed gap thresholds and recovery rates that were comparable with previous studies of auditory neural gap coding.
background : functional connectivity mri is an emerging technique that can be used to investigate typical and atypical brain function in developing and aging populations.
we also address some considerations and limitations with data analysis and interpretation.
conclusions : the information provided in this review should serve as a foundation for investigators new to the field of resting-state functional connectivity.
the discussion provides a means to better understand functional connectivity and its application to typical and atypical brain function.
immune decline with ageing accounts for the increased risk of infections , inflammatory chronic disease , autoimmunity and cancer in humans.
as potential modifiers of the impaired innate immunity , some principal nutraceuticals will be illustrated , such as micronutrients , pre-probiotics and polyphenols.
alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia , characterized by two pathological hallmarks : amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
the amyloid hypothesis of alzheimer's disease posits that the excessive accumulation of amyloid-β peptide leads to neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau.
however , to date , no single disease model has serially linked these two pathological events using human neuronal cells.
inhibition of amyloid-β generation with β- or γ-secretase inhibitors not only decreased amyloid-β pathology , but also attenuated tauopathy.
we also found that glycogen synthase kinase @number@ ( gsk3 ) regulated amyloid-β-mediated tau phosphorylation.
we have successfully recapitulated amyloid-β and tau pathology in a single 3d human neural cell culture system.
background : siascopy ( spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis ) enables non-invasive analysis of the skin.
methods : volunteers and patients were measured by siascopy at six spots on sun-exposed and two spots on sun-protected skin.
measurements were transformed by siametrics into arbitrary units and statistically analysed.
haemoglobin content was not associated to immunosuppression.
conclusion : our results encourage the use of siascopy as a tool to better gauge an individual patient's nmsc risk factors.
further studies should help to better delineate siascopy as a prognostic tool.
objective : impairment in reward processes has been found in individuals with depression and in the aging population.
apathy was quantified using the apathy evaluation scale.
of those with major depression , @number@ individuals reported clinically significant apathy , whereas @number@ participants did not have apathy.
results : older adults with depression and healthy comparison participants did not differ in their performance on the iowa gambling task.
however , apathetic , depressed older adults adopted an advantageous strategy and selected cards from the conservative decks compared with non-apathetic , depressed older adults.
non-apathetic , depressed patients showed a failure to adopt a conservative strategy and persisted in making risky decisions throughout the task.
this conservative response style may be the result of reduced sensitivity to rewards in apathetic individuals.
almost half of them were defended during the boom years ( 2005-2006 ; 2009-2010 ) .
the number of theses defended in the 2000-s has increased significantly compared to the second half of 1990-s.
the leading discipline in the study of aging ( within the humanities ) is sociology accounting for more than a third of all defended theses.
@percent@ of the works are devoted to intergenerational relations and social status of the elderly.
the homeostatic model of aging formalizing the concept of oxidative damage to the body was proposed in @number@
this formalization led to extensive opportunities for using the model to analyze reproduction and longevity of living organisms.
the result is arising of individual heterogeneity , in which unbalanced allocation of resources ends with the death from reproductive overload.
it has been shown that young and old animals differed in intensity loss and recovery of body weight after three cycles cfr.
the mass of liver changes cyclically as well as body weight.
such nature of the dynamics on the same type of repetitive exposure indicates change in adaptation strategies.
this indicates the usage of alternative metabolic pathways that provide survival in extreme conditions.
each subsequent cycle of weight loss-restoration differed from the previous one and had a pronounced age-related character.
animals that have successfully passed three consecutive cfr beginning from 19-months of age had longer life span as compared with the control animals group.
cfr can be used as a new model in gerontology providing increased life when transferred on a diet not only young but also old animals.
current challenges facing theory and practice in ageing sciences need new methods of experimental data investigation.
this is a result as of experimental basis developments in biological research , so of information technology progress.
these achievements make it possible to use well proven in different fields of science and engineering data mining methods for tasks in gerontology and geriatrics.
some examples of data mining methods implementation in gerontology are presented.
interactions between quality of life for group of elderly people and social-medical care contribution to it have been discussed.
there have been showed satisfaction of quality of life depending on getting care in different care system's organizations.
submissions own research confirm this position.
maintaining health and activity of older people is an important indicator of the effectiveness of public policies in the field of health and social welfare.
women lived longer than men in any studied categories ( p < @number@ ) .
relative number of nonagenarians ( 90 + ) was much higher among women as compared to men.
in men , @percent@ violinists , @percent@ of conductors and @percent@ of cello-players survived 90 + years.
opera singers , \ "people artists \ "-men live longer @number@ yrs , and women-by @number@ yrs longer than their no-honored colleagues.
for estrada singers these differences were @number@ yrs for men and @number@ yrs. for women.
this review covers present-day ideas of the female organism reproductive system neuroendocrine regulation in aging.
special focus is on catecholamines , peptides and other biologically active compounds acting in these processes.
the data presented may be of utility to prevent premature aging of reproductive function.
age disturbances in the hpa axis functioning are of pathophysiological significance for the development of stress- and age-related pathologies and progression of the aging process.
individuals with depression adaptive behavior are most vulnerable to stress and pathological aging.
exposure to constant light on the studied parameters was evaluated at different ages antenatal , early and late postnatal period.
ways of preventing accelerated aging were outlined.
during the peptides activity mechanism investigation it was shown that short peptides regulate gene expression and protein synthesis.
these peptides stimulated cell proliferation , differentiation and decreased cell apoptosis.
this effect is the reason of increasing of various organs function.
the peptides injection decreased the frequency of cancerogenesis and increased physiological resource of cells , tissues and organism till 20-42%.
peptides increased vital resource and decreased the mortality rate of elderly people.
the overview represents the recent most conspicuous findings in aging studies.
results of the study demonstrate significant gender differences in aging characteristics.
gender imbalance should be taken into account when elaboration effective demographic , social and economic policies.
this study is devoted to the analysis of trends in best-practice life expectancy across cohorts born in @number@ to @number@
other than the conventional period life expectancy , cohort life expectancy measures the lifetime of real individuals from the population under consideration.
the corresponding gap between period and cohort life expectancies increases with time.
our analysis is based on data for @number@ developed countries from the human mortality database for the period @number@ to @number@
to estimate life expectancy for non-extinct cohorts , we apply the lee-carter model to extrapolate mortality rates until the year @number@
the best-practice cohort life expectancy has increased from @number@ years in @number@ to @number@ years in @number@
during this time the gap between period and cohort life expectancies has increased from @number@ to @number@ years.
cohorts born in @number@ to @number@ will live longer than one can expect by looking at respective period mortality patterns.
for these cohorts , the longest part of their additionally gained lifetime will be spent at ages @number@ and older.
this substantially changes the distribution of human lifetime among different stages of the life cycle.
briefly discusses the history of the search of thermodynamic approach to explain the origin of life , evolution and aging of living beings.
the origin of life is the result of requirement by the quasi-equilibrium hierarchical thermodynamics , in particular , the supramolecular thermodynamics.
the thermodynamic principle of substance stability predicts the existence of a single genetic code in our universe.
the thermodynamic theory optimizes physiology and medicine and recommends antiaging diets and medicines.
hierarchical thermodynamics forms the design diversity of culture and art.
the thermodynamic theory of origin of life , evolution and aging is the development of clausius-gibbs thermodynamics.
hierarchical thermodynamics is the mirror of darwin-wallace's-theory.
this review article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation on ageing.
it aims at describing the basic areas of cooperation and introducing its major players.
the overview on the establishment , main activities and results of the gerontological society of the russian academy of sciences since @date@ .
lemon ( citrus limon ( l. )
burm. f. ) juice beverages enriched either with noni ( morinda citrifolia l. )
( ln ) or papaya ( carica papaya l. )
the fruits are rich in a wide range of bioactive phenolics.
concerning cholinesterases , lp was the most active , mainly due to lemon juice contribution.
design : pilot study involving surveying of participating long-term care sites regarding utility of recommendations and resident outcomes.
setting : eleven long-term care sites in massachusetts and maine.
participants : an interprofessional specialty team at a tertiary care center and staff from @number@ long-term care sites.
intervention : long-term care sites presented challenging cases regarding residents with dementia and / or delirium related behavioral issues to specialists via video-conferencing.
results : forty-seven residents , with a mean age of @number@ years , were presented during the echo-age pilot period.
eighty-three percent of residents had a history of dementia and @percent@ were taking antipsychotic medications.
the most common reasons for presentation were agitation , intrusiveness , and paranoia.
behavioral plans were recommended in @percent@ of patients.
suggestions for medication adjustments were also frequent.
echo-age recommendations were completely or partially followed in @percent@ of residents.
when recommendations were followed , sites were much more likely to report clinical improvement ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
hospitalization was also less common among residents for whom recommendations were followed.
background : delirium has been associated with negative health consequences , which can potentially be improved by delirium risk modification.
methods : in older veterans admitted to a tertiary va hospital , delirium risk was assessed using cognitive impairment , vision impairment , and dehydration.
delirium risk was communicated to providers via electronic medical record.
to modify delirium risk , interventions were provided in cognitive stimulation , sensory improvement , and sleep promotion.
primary outcomes included length of stay , restraint use , discharge to rehabilitation , and hospital variable direct costs.
outcomes were compared using a propensity-matched cohort of patients without intervention.
number of intervention categories was compared with primary outcomes.
results : patients ( n = @number@ ) were older ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and male ( @percent@ ) .
propensity-matched patients ( n = @number@ ) were well matched for age , gender , cognitive deficits , vision impairment , and dehydration.
increasing number of interventions was associated with shorter length of stay , lower rate of restraint use , and lower variable direct costs.
conclusions : this delirium risk modification project was associated with patient outcomes and reduced costs.
serious consideration should be given to delirium risk identification and modification programs.
the wnt16 locus is a major determinant of cortical bone thickness and nonvertebral fracture risk in humans.
the disability , mortality and costs caused by osteoporosis-induced nonvertebral fractures are enormous.
we demonstrate here that wnt16-deficient mice develop spontaneous fractures as a result of low cortical thickness and high cortical porosity.
in contrast , trabecular bone volume is not altered in these mice.
the signaling pathway activated by wnt16 in osteoclast progenitors is noncanonical , whereas the pathway activated in osteoblasts is both canonical and noncanonical.
conditional wnt16 inactivation revealed that osteoblast-lineage cells are the principal source of wnt16 , and its targeted deletion in osteoblasts increases fracture susceptibility.
thus , osteoblast-derived wnt16 is a previously unreported key regulator of osteoclastogenesis and fracture susceptibility.
these findings open new avenues for the specific prevention or treatment of nonvertebral fractures , a substantial unmet medical need.
the demand for surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse is expected to grow as the aging population remains active and focused on quality of life.
definitive correction of pelvic organ prolapse can be accomplished through both vaginal and abdominal approaches.
developing readers often make anagrammatical errors ( e.g. misreading pirates as parties ) , suggesting they use letter position flexibly during word recognition.
the patterns of effects across these two anagram types for the two groups of readers were very similar.
after incineration with nitric acid and perchloric acid , element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
the mass ratio of p / s decreased significantly in the lcfs in childhood.
regarding the relationships among elements , significant direct correlations were found among the ca , p , s , and mg contents in the lcfs.
it was suggested that the active cell density of the connective tissue cells might decrease significantly in the lcf in childhood.
mutations in lmna gene cause a class of pathologies generically named ' lamanopathies ' mainly involving heart and skeletal muscles.
indeed , the identification of the roles of the lamin a / c in cardiomyocytes function is a key area of exploration.
one of the primary biological roles recently conferred to lamin a / c is to affect contractile cells lineage determination and senescence.
variables were categorized according to icf headings and hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict hui-mark iii scores.
in particular , older age , being employed , and having higher scim scores were positively associated with health preference.
conversely , a higher shc impact score was associated with poorer health preference.
background : several studies have reported that height is inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease but positively associated with cancer risk.
on the other hand , evidence has been accumulating that anemia reflects poor health and increased vulnerability to poor outcomes in older persons.
moreover , alcohol consumption has also been reported to be associated with mortality.
however , no studies have reported on a possible association between height and risk of anemia in relation to drinking status.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study of @number@ men aged 40-89 years undergoing general health check-ups.
conclusion : height was found to be associated with anemia for rural japanese men and drinking status is likely to affect those associations.
this residual immune activation seems to be associated with accelerated aging and an increased incidence of non-aids-defining illnesses.
several published studies suggest that physical activity is a beneficial nonpharmacological intervention to reduce chronic inflammation.
however , currently available data on the potential benefits of regular physical exercises for hiv-infected individuals are limited.
context and objectives : the new social panorama resulting from aging of the brazilian population is leading to significant transformations within healthcare.
through the cluster analysis strategy , it was sought to describe the specific care demands of the elderly population , using frailty components.
methods : ninety-eight elderly users of this clinic were evaluated using cluster analysis and instruments for assessing their overall geriatric status and frailty characteristics.
his main scientific interests include migration and invasion of glioma cells , biomarkers and radiosensitization.
unlabelled : background / study context : it has been proposed that effects of aging are more pronounced for explicit than for implicit motor learning.
it was also examined whether explicit learning in older adults can be promoted by alleviating time constraints during learning.
methods : the alternating serial reaction time task ( asrtt ) was used.
experiment @number@ alleviated time constraints during the initial bouts of practice with full instructions.
results : experiment @number@ indicated that the older adults learned on the asrtt and achieved similar performance as young adults when no instructions were given.
in contrast to the young adults , learning was not superior in older adults who received full instructions compared with those who did not.
conclusion : explicit learning , but not implicit learning , declines in older adults.
this is partly due to older adults difficulties to apply explicit knowledge.
implicit learning did occur under time constraints that prevented explicit learning.
five plants and five animals were graded according to size.
the plant × animal design was orthogonal.
results : the hypothesis was well supported by the data.
conclusion : the existence of functional relations in a learning setting considerably changes the pattern of differences between younger and older adults ' performance.
the subordinate verbs varied in whether or not they occurred in ditransitive constructions ( served vs. kissed ) .
results : older adults showed less evidence of processing disruptions at the ambiguous noun phrase ( the food ) than younger adults.
conclusion : the results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that older adults adopt \ "risky \ " strategies during sentence comprehension.
bivariate correlations were conducted.
conclusions : research is needed to examine the causal relationship between these outcomes.
investigating self-presentational concerns in older women may provide novel ways to impact balance-related outcomes in this population.
the standardized mean difference ( cohen's d ) was used as the effect size measure in meta-analytic calculations.
results : results revealed a large ( mean d = @number@ ) age-related decrease in spatial performance on psychometric tests.
however , measures of response time produced significantly larger effects of age than measures of accuracy on spatial performance.
conclusion : the present analysis demonstrates a clear pattern of negative age effects in spatial ability across the literature.
the need to report more thoroughly on characteristics of young and old participants in future studies is also emphasized.
importance : intellectual lifestyle enrichment throughout life is increasingly viewed as a protective strategy against commonly observed cognitive decline in the older population.
a global cognitive z score served as the summary cognition measure.
linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations of demographic and intellectual enrichment measures with global cognitive z score trajectories.
conclusions and relevance : higher education / occupation scores were associated with higher levels of cognition.
lifetime intellectual enrichment might delay the onset of cognitive impairment and be used as a successful preventive intervention to reduce the impending dementia epidemic.
this study aimed at identifying characteristics associated with anticoagulation underuse.
all patients benefited from a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
no geriatric characteristic was found to be associated with anticoagulation underuse.
conclusion : half of this geriatric population did not receive any anticoagulation despite a clear indication , regardless of their individual bleeding or stroke risks.
aspirin use is the main characteristic associated with anticoagulation underuse.
in the broadest context , biological markers , or biomarkers , are molecules that characterize a biological system or process.
in the setting of cardiovascular disease , a number of biomarkers have become an integral part of diagnostic and risk stratification strategies.
the objective was to examine relationships between cardiovascular and pulmonary health , and cognitive function in african american men.
method : data from @number@ men were pooled from two studies of african american aging.
the mean age of participants was @number@ and mean educational attainment was @number@ years.
participants provided self-reported health and demographic information , completed cognitive measures , and had their blood pressure and peak expiratory flow assessed.
results : after adjustment , significant relationships were found between average peak expiratory flow rate ( apefr ) and cognitive performance measures.
discussion : results suggest that lung function is important to consider when examining cognitive function in african american men.
understanding the role of health in cognition and implications for quality of life in this population will be critical as life expectancies increase.
background : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) represents a moving spectrum of hormonal to metabolic abnormalities , as women with the syndrome are aging.
hormonal abnormalities , anovulation , and hyperandrogenic signs were predominant during the early years of pcos and fade away with the years.
design : a cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the diverse impacts of aging on ir.
setting : an outpatient clinic was chosen for the study.
free androgen index and bmi were positively associated with homa-ir in all age quartiles.
conclusions : aging increases ir in obese but not in lean and overweight women with pcos.
background : adrenomedullin ( adm ) is a circulating vasoactive peptide involved in vascular homeostasis and endothelial function.
mr-pro-adm levels were assessed in @number@ individuals who underwent evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial rigidity ( reflection index and stiffness index ) .
in a subsample of @number@ individuals , adm gene expression was assessed as part of a transcriptomic study of circulating monocytes.
nongenetic factors explained @percent@ and @percent@ of mr-pro-adm and adm expression variability , respectively.
genome-wide association study of adm expression and mr-pro-adm levels both identified a single locus encompassing the adm gene.
weaker associations were observed for stiffness index.
intima-media thickness was not related to adm single nucleotide polymorphisms or expression.
conclusions : these results support an involvement of the adm gene in the modulation of peripheral vascular tone.
irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is one of the most commonly encountered functional gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly.
ibs is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of specific organic pathology.
the diagnosis of ibs usually depends primarily on established clinical criteria.
currently , rome iii criteria are the criteria of choice for defining ibs.
however , aging itself is categorized as one of the alarm symptoms in the diagnosis of ibs that may warrant further investigation.
therefore , exclusion of organic diseases , using several investigations , is of paramount important in the older patients.
in general , the treatment of ibs in the elderly is not different from the younger populations.
however , greater caution needs to be considered before treating with drugs because of the altered risk-benefit profile in the elderly.
several studies have shown a strong relationship of ibs with psychiatric conditions.
thus , psychological treatments should also be considered in the management of ibs in the elderly.
obesity is often regarded as the primary cause of metabolic syndrome.
in this regard , identifying the molecular mechanisms that modulate adipocyte fat accumulation and fatty acid spillover is imperative.
here we identify the deleted in breast cancer @number@ ( dbc1 ) protein as a key regulator of fat storage capacity of adipocytes.
this effect resulted in a \ "healthy obesity \ " phenotype.
offspring of long-lived parents have a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle age.
the purposes of this study were to investigate calcium scores in offspring as compared to controls and to determine the influence of cardiovascular risk factors.
calcium scores were analyzed separately for sexes.
subjects were grouped by very low calcium score ≤10 and scores above @number@
more offspring of long-lived parents had lower calcium scores than controls.
in men , the association was found to be influenced by cardiovascular risk factors.
men and women with a familial propensity to become long-lived have lower coronary artery calcium scores than controls.
low scores may indicate a younger biologic arterial age associated with a low risk for incident cardiovascular disease.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between these morphological measures and the aging effects on these structures.
a circumpapillary and radial oct scan centered on the optic nerve head ( onh ) was used for data analysis.
transverse scaling was calculated for each subject using measures from optical biometry.
custom algorithms were used for morphological analysis of the onh nrr and rnfl that included quantification of major retinal vascular contribution.
cornea and limbus were imaged with oct.
corneal et ( cet ) was obtained automatically by the built-in analysis software of the oct system.
limbal et ( let ) in four quadrants was manually measured from oct images.
in the paracentral zone extending to 6-mm diameter , correlation analysis suggested that cet was inversely associated with age ( p < @number@ ) .
measurement with as-oct of the corneal and limbal et could aid in clinical assessment and planning treatments of the cornea.
molecular probes have been used to study neurovascular leak , but this approach does not adequately estimate vascular permeability of nanoparticles.
cortical leaks were uniformly more frequent in the transgenic animals than in age-matched controls.
leaks around vessels other than the dmca were more frequent in older transgenics compared with younger ones.
all other leaks were equally prevalent across genotypes independent of age.
these results suggest that amyloid deposition and age increase delivery of nanoparticle-borne reagents to the brain , in therapeutically relevant amounts.
cognitive functioning was assessed using the brief short portable mental status questionnaire scale.
life-course socio-economic disadvantage , as accrued during childhood and adulthood , included measures of paternal education and occupation and participant's education and occupation.
possible factors that are associated with life-course socio-economic disadvantage and late-life cognitive decline included household income and perception of economic strain.
in both cases , linkage studies and genome-wide association studies found strong links with complement regulatory genes and disease risk.
in ad , both clu and cr1 genes were implicated in the late-onset form of the disease.
in amd , polymorphisms in cfh , cfb and c2 were similarly implicated.
both α-synuclein ( α-syn ) missense and multiplication mutations have been linked to pd.
however , the underlying intracellular signalling transduction pathways of α-syn-mediated mda neurodegeneration remain elusive.
furthermore , overexpression of α-syn a53t mutation significantly increased the cn-dependent nuclear import of nfatc3 in the mda neurons of transgenic mice.
more importantly , a pharmacological inhibition of cn by cyclosporine a ( csa ) ameliorated the α-syn-induced loss of mda neurons.
these findings demonstrate an active involvement of cn- and nfat-mediated signalling pathway in α-syn-mediated degeneration of mda neurons in pd.
chps should continuously transform their roles and functions to establish a lifelong health management system.
this article presents a historical overview of the chp system and their tasks and activities.
also , recent challenges that chps are facing and strategies to overcome those challenges will be discussed.
this historical overview will be informative for other developing countries in resolving their own public health problems.
totally @number@ patients came from the schistosomiasis endemic areas ( @percent@ ) and @number@ patients from non-schistosomiasis endemic areas ( @percent@ ) .
the prevalence rate of advanced schistosomiasis was @number@.46 / 10 , 000.
in the age composition of advanced schistosomiasis patients , the greatest number of cases was in the 60-70 years age group ( @percent@ ) .
the salvation of advanced schistosomiasis patients in non-endemic areas should be strengthened.
we found out a younger biological age in sport veterans , who were carrying out dynamic exertions.
similar changes in the hemostatic system with aging are observed.
intensity of these changes in the hemostatic system is enhanced in the presence of igt.
the results substantiate need for correction of hemostasis by reducing the ir.
the article presents some aspects of the health status of the veterans of the samara region.
intercommunication is marked between the level of social adaptation , quality of life and rate aging combatants.
we showed previously that the senescence-accelerated oxys rats strain is an animal model of amd.
we showed that mrna level of noss was not dependent on age in wistar and oxys rats.
perhaps such a paradoxical situation reflects a decreased reactivity of the immune system in the oxys rats.
the review contains literature data about calcium metabolism regulation in different periods of growth and development.
a factor that potentially influences on skin aging is blood supply which determines global conditions for an organ or a tissue functioning , including skin.
scientific data on conditions of blood supply in the skin during aging are insufficient and contradictory.
therefore , this work was aimed to the study of age-related changes in the number of blood vessels in the human dermis.
blood vessels were visualized with immunohistochemical technique to two endothelial markers , as von willebrand factor and antigen cd31.
intensity of immunohistochemical staining to von willebrand factor is enhanced during age.
intensity of staining to cd31 is not changed with age.
the number of blood vessels positively stained either to von willebrand factor or to cd31 in dermis was decreased gradually with age.
a total number of fibroblasts in dermis decreased with age.
the number of pcna + fibroblasts in dermis showing their proliferative activity was decreased with the progression of age.
the decrease in the number of blood vessels is statistically associated with that in the general number of fibroblasts and proliferating fibroblasts.
these data are compared with the results of the standard ( on the recommendations of the who ) spermogram , reflecting reproductive health.
the present work describes bibliographic analysis of ontogenetic changes in hormonal regulation of sleep and circadian biorhythms.
it is proposed to concentrate future efforts on elaboration of mathematical models of ontogenetic regulation , on the basis of systems biomedicine.
the method of iterative congruence of search of parameters of kinetic mathematical model of aging of living systems according to medical statistics is developed.
its opportunities for the description of risk functions of mortality and life expectancy for the person and animals depending on environment factors are illustrated.
the concept of forecasting of environmental risks risks to population health from ecological factors of influence is formulated.
aging of the population is one of the dominant trends in the xxi century.
it is expected that by @number@ more than a quarter of the world's population ( @percent@ ) will be @number@ years or older.
ageing appears on the international agenda for more than @number@ years.
the human rights treaty bodies rank the elderly as a vulnerable group , who are more susceptible to various forms of discrimination.
previous research suggests that high levels of negative emotions may affect health.
however , it is likely that the absence of an emotional response following stressful events may also be problematic.
study sample was @number@ british civil service workers from the whitehall ii cohort.
negative emotional response was assessed by self-report at baseline.
allostatic load was calculated using cardiovascular , metabolic and immune function biomarkers at three clinical follow-up examinations.
allostatic load also increased with age , but the association between negative emotional response and allostatic load remained stable over time.
these results provide evidence for a more nuanced understanding of the role of negative emotions in long-term physical health.
the phenomenon commonly described as the middle-age spread is the result of elevated adiposity accumulation throughout adulthood until late middle-age.
we provide a mechanism through which 5-ht anorectic potency is maintained with age , via preserved 5-ht-pomc appetitive anatomical machinery.
specifically , the abundance and signaling of the primary 5-ht receptor influencing appetite via pomc activation , the 5-ht2cr , is not perturbed with age.
in all subjects anthropometrical measurements , 24-hr blood pressure monitoring , echocardiographic examination , and carotid ultrasound were performed.
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) was measured to obtain data on vascular compliance.
as the index of early kidney damage both glomerular filtration rate was calculated and albumin / creatinine ratio in the urine sample was measured.
a fasting blood sample was taken to measure glucose and lipid concentration.
results : ms was found in @percent@ of patients.
the multivariate regression analysis revealed that components of ms ( systolic blood pressure and waist circumference ) are stronger predictors of lvm than ms itself.
the relationship between ms and lvmi lost its significance when bmi was included in the model , and remained significant for imt.
conclusion : in hypertensive perimenopausal women components of ms are stronger predictors of subclinical organ damage than ms itself.
nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body.
the major nutrients present in foods include carbohydrates , proteins , lipids , vitamins , and minerals.
besides these , there are some bioactive food components known as \ "phytonutrients \ " that play an important role in human health.
phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases.
they are also comparatively cheap and thus significantly reduce health care cost.
phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health.
objective : the number of elderly patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is expected to increase.
materials and methods : we enrolled @number@ naive patients with hcc who were treated initially by rfa from @number@ to @number@
patients below @number@ years of age were categorized as ' younger ' and those at least @number@ as ' elderly'.
differences in the demographic and laboratory data of these patients were assessed , along with kaplan-meier analysis of survival using the log-rank test.
results : overall , @number@ patients were categorized as elderly.
elderly patients were more likely to be women , infected with hepatitis c virus , and score better in the child-pugh classification.
the mortality at @number@ years was lower in the elderly than in the younger patients ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ; p < 0.001 ) .
by the proportional subdistribution model , age was a significant risk factor only for liver-unrelated death.
conclusion : rfa provided satisfactory 5-year survival rates in elderly patients with hcc.
the elderly tended to die from liver-unrelated causes.
background : in premature ovarian failure ( pof ) , cessation of menstruation occurs before the expected age of menopause.
approximately @percent@ of women are affected.
therefore , the impact of fmr1 cgg repeat on ovarian reserve is needed to be investigated in large chinese cohort.
methods : the number of fmr1 cgg repeat was determined in @number@ han chinese women with well-defined @number@ xx non-syndromic sporadic pof and @number@ controls.
the age of menopause onset in respect to cgg repeats was further analyzed.
conclusions : fmr1 premutation seems to be an uncommon explanation for pof in han chinese.
however , having both alleles with cgg repeats outside the normal range might still adversely affect ovarian aging.
gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors.
among them , glioblastomas are malignant and largely resistant to available treatments.
histopathology is the gold standard for classification and grading of brain tumors.
however , brain tumor heterogeneity is remarkable and histopathology procedures for glioma classification remain unsatisfactory for predicting disease course as well as response to treatment.
proteins that tightly associate with cancer differentiation and progression , can bear important prognostic information.
here , we describe the identification of protein clusters differentially expressed in high-grade versus low-grade gliomas.
tissue samples from @number@ high-grade tumors , @number@ low-grade tumors and @number@ normal brain cortices were analyzed by 2d-page and proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry.
this led to identify @number@ differentially expressed protein markers between tumors and normal samples.
we discovered a novel glioblastoma control module centered on four major network hubs : huntingtin , hnf4α , c-myc and 14-3-3ζ.
immunohistochemistry , western blotting and unbiased proteome-wide meta-analysis revealed altered expression of this glioblastoma control module in human glioma samples as compared with normal controls.
moreover , the four-hub network was found to cross-talk with both p53 and egfr pathways.
background : bitter taste is the primary culprit for rejection of pediatric liquid medications.
we probed the underlying biology of bitter sensing and the efficacy of two known bitter blockers in children and adults.
the trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( nct01407939 ) .
children liked the salty taste of the blocker nag more than did adults , but both groups liked the savory taste of msg equally.
conclusions and relevance : bitter blocking was less effective in children , and the efficacy of blocking was both age and compound specific.
left atrial ( la ) structural and functional abnormalities are vital steps on the pathway toward heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in asymptomatic patients.
earlier treatment with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors may improve abnormal la-lv interaction in this patient population.
sexual interest and capacity can extend far into later life and result in many positive health outcomes.
yet there is little support for sexual expression in later life , particularly among young adults.
this study assessed and compared young adults ' explicit and implicit attitudes towards older adult sexuality.
despite reporting positive explicit attitudes , young people revealed an implicit bias against the sexual lives of older adults.
in particular , young adults demonstrated implicit biases favouring general , as compared to sexual , activities and young adults as compared to older adults.
moreover , the bias favouring general activities was amplified with regard to older adults as compared to younger adults.
our findings challenge the validity of research relying on self-reports of attitudes about older adult sexuality.
somatic mosaicism is well appreciated as a cause of cancer and , possibly , aging.
somatic mosaicism as the cause of other diseases is becoming more appreciated.
there have been exciting recent advances in the detection of somatic mosaicism.
a limited number of pathways seem involved in these disorders , some of which are also implicated in cancer.
rlpfc has shown functional and structural changes with age , with increasing specificity of left rlpfc activation for relational integration during development.
we examined fmri data of @number@ healthy female participants ( 11 30 years old ) performing a relational reasoning paradigm.
in line with previous resting state fmri results , we showed distinct developmental effects on the strength of long-range frontoparietal versus frontoinsular short-range fixed connections.
the modulatory connections associated with relational integration increased with age.
gray matter volume in left rlpfc , which decreased with age , partly accounted for changes in fixed pfc connectivity.
finally , improvements in relational integration performance were associated with greater modulatory and weaker fixed pfc connectivity.
loss of the integrity and plasticity of neuronal morphology and connectivity comprises an early step in neuronal degeneration and ultimate decline of cognitive function.
we examined in vitro whether tnfα or il-1β impaired morphology and motility of growth cones in spinal cord neuron cultures.
tnfα and il-1β paralyzed growth cone motility and induced growth cone collapse in a dose-dependent manner reflected by complete attenuation of neurite outgrowth.
scavenging reactive oxygen species ( ros ) or inhibiting nadph oxidase activity rescued loss of neuronal motility and morphology.
tnfα and il-1β provoked rapid , nox-mediated generation of ros in advancing growth cones , which preceded paralysis of motility and collapse of morphology.
increases in ros intermediates were accompanied by an aberrant , nonproductive reorganization of actin filaments.
methods : we recruited @number@ patients with ad , @number@ participants with amci , and @number@ healthy controls.
all participants completed the lille apathy rating scale ( lars ) and the iowa gambling task ( igt ) .
for the entire sample , lars initiation dimension was related to igt disadvantageous decision-making profile.
disadvantageous decision-making profile on the igt was associated with higher level of apathy on the action initiation dimension.
papd5 knockdown caused an increase in the mir-21 expression level , suggesting that papd5-mediated adenylation of mir-21 leads to its degradation.
exoribonuclease knockdown experiments followed by small-rna sequencing suggested that parn degrades mir-21 in the @number@'-to-5 ' direction.
in accordance with this model , microarray expression profiling demonstrated that papd5 knockdown results in a down-regulation of mir-21 target mrnas.
such effectiveness might be specifically important to patients with poor oral intake because of nausea , vomiting , or chemotherapy-associated mucositis.
posaconazole tablets were generally well tolerated in high-risk neutropenic patients.
( this study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov under registration no.
nct01777763. ) .
background : the activity patterns of older adults include more light / mild-intensity or \ "non-exercise \ " activity and less moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity.
the health benefits of this type of activity pattern remain unclear.
participant data were linked with death records from the national health service registries from @number@ to @number@
analyses were conducted in @number@
cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of death according to time-varying estimates of physical activity.
results : over an average follow-up of @number@ years ( median follow-up , @number@ years ) , there were @number@ deaths.
time-varying models produced stronger , more robust estimates than models using a single measurement of physical activity at baseline.
aging of the face is inevitable and undeniable.
this process includes a loss of skeletal support , soft tissue volume depletion , and a decrease in skin elasticity.
the contribution of these @number@ factors varies between individuals with noticeable hereditary influence.
characteristic ethnic features have been described in the literature , but as societies have changed , many of these ethnic variations have blended together.
facial resurfacing procedures are becoming increasingly popular.
the percentage of non-caucasian individuals seeking these treatments continues to rise.
patients with darker skin types ( fitzpatrick skin types iv-vi ) face unique challenges for successful facial skin resurfacing.
this article discusses the most frequently used lasers and chemical peels used to address these problems.
the demand for facial rejuvenation and cosmetic procedures is rising among all ethnicities and skin types.
in addition , they discuss preprocedural and postprocedural considerations , potential complications , and their management to maximize patient outcomes and minimize risk.
elevated total cholesterol in midlife has been associated with increased risk of dementia in later life.
bace1 activity is regulated by membrane lipids and raft formation.
the viability of sh-sy5y cells exposed to 4μg oxldl and 25µm 27-hydroxycholesterol ( 27oh-c ) was decreased significantly.
lipids , but not proteins , extracted from oxldl were more cytotoxic than oxldl.
treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is currently undergoing profound changes.
inhibiting the b-cell receptor pathway seems of particular importance in effective targeted therapies of cll.
here , inhibition of bruton's tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta currently offer the most promising targeted approaches.
the clinical course of cll presents with an impressive heterogeneity.
with this background , it becomes increasingly challenging to select the right treatment strategy for each patient.
in the present article , we summarize the current therapeutic tools and their combination partner drugs.
moreover , we offer a perspective on how to integrate the novel targeted agents for cll therapy into sequential treatment approaches.
age , gender , and education were self-reported.
cox proportional hazards models examined the influence of ls on time to death.
results : @number@ participants died during the five-year study period.
overall ls and all aspects of ls except finances , religion , and self-esteem predicted death in unadjusted analyses.
in fully adjusted analyses , ls with health , housing , and recreation predicted death.
other aspects of ls did not predict death after accounting for functional status and multimorbidity.
conclusion : ls predicted death , but certain aspects of ls are more strongly associated with death.
the effect of ls is complex and may be mediated or confounded by health and functional status.
it is important to consider different domains of ls when considering the impact of this important emotional indicator on mortality among older adults.
we enrolled @number@ patients ( @number@ % male ; mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) at fukuoka university hospital.
in addition , ptx-3 decreased as the number of metabolic factors increased , whereas hs-crp increased as the number of metabolic factors increased.
interestingly , ptx-3 did not correlate with hs-crp , but was positively correlated with adiponectin.
in a multiple regression analysis , adiponectin ( p = @number@ ) and vfa ( p = @number@ ) were significant predictors of ptx-3 levels.
in conclusion , ptx-3 and adiponectin showed similar associations with metabolic factors , whereas ptx-3 and hs-crp showed opposite trends.
adiponectin and vfa were significant predictors of ptx-3 levels.
ptx-3 might have an atheroprotective role as well as serving as a simple biomarker , like adiponectin.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) affects twice as many women as men.
gender differences in symptom profile , living conditions , coping style and response might affect the outcome of psychosocial interventions ( psis ) .
design : randomized controlled trials published in 2000-2012 were stepwise analyzed by statistically testing the representativeness of the gender ratio and examining reported gender differences.
results : forty-five studies ( @percent@ of @number@ studies ) reported gender ratios for each subsample and were included.
in these studies , females were underrepresented in the control groups.
in the @number@ studies ( @percent@ ) reporting analyses of gender differences , women were underrepresented in both intervention and control groups.
however , in the six studies ( @percent@ ) reporting significant gender differences in outcome , gender distribution was in accordance with prevalence rates.
further research is needed addressing gender differences , and clinical trials should routinely control for gender bias.
this study examined affect and well-being similarity between @number@ older married couples in india using pilot data from the longitudinal aging study of india.
results : across all four measures , the well-being scores of one spouse were positively and significantly associated with the well-being scores of the other.
these associations did not vary by marital satisfaction , but were slightly stronger for respondents reporting poor health.
dna double-strand breaks are highly toxic dna lesions that cause genomic instability , if not efficiently repaired.
nhej is a non-templated dna repair process , in which dna termini are directly ligated.
canonical nhej requires dna-pkcs and ku70 / 80 , while alternative nhej pathways are dna-pkcs and ku70 / 80 independent.
background : the burden of chronic disease continues to rise as populations age.
there is relatively little published on the socioeconomic distribution of this burden in older people.
for each outcome , prevalence was estimated in relation to annual household income ( @number@ categories ) .
analyses were stratified by age group ( 45-64 , 65-79 and ≥ @number@ years ) and sex and adjusted for age and country of birth.
conclusions : significant inequalities in the prevalence of chronic conditions , physical functioning and psychological distress persist into old age.
the additional health burden placed on those who are already disadvantaged is likely to become an increasingly important issue in an ageing population.
importance : the healthy brain initiative 2013-2018 seeks to optimize brain health as we age.
free radical injury is an important effector of molecular and cellular stress in the aging brain that derives from multiple sources.
objective : to identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased markers of brain oxidative stress.
the csf f2-isop concentration increased by approximately more than @percent@ for every 5-u increase in body mass index ( p < @number@ ) .
current smoking had an approximately 3-fold greater effect on csf f2-isops compared with age ( p < @number@ ) .
women had greater mean csf f2-isop concentrations than men at all ages after adjusting for other factors ( p = @number@ ) .
these results inform efforts to achieve success in the healthy brain initiative 2013-2018.
posterior cingulate cortex ( pcc ) accumulates amyloid-β ( aβ ) early in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
lower mini-mental state exam and episodic memory scores correlated most strongly with higher concentrations of soluble and insoluble aβ1-42.
multiple lines of evidence suggest that plasticity declines throughout the age-span and may underlie age-related cognitive decline.
therefore , our results suggest that individuals with asd might be relatively protected from age-related cognitive decline and the risk of dementia.
methylation is a prevalent posttranscriptional modification of rnas.
however , whether mammalian micrornas are methylated is unknown.
our results highlight the impact of mir-125b function via methylation by nsun2.
complexity is a new measure for identifying the adaptability of a complex system to meet possible challenges.
for a center of pressure ( cop ) time series , the complexity measure represents the stability of postural control.
complexity index ( ci ) is defined as the summation of entropies with coarse-graining scales 1-20 by mse.
a total of @number@ subjects belonging to @number@ groups - healthy-young , healthy-elderly and dizzy - were recruited in this study.
the cop signals in both anteroposterior ( ap ) and mediolateral ( ml ) directions were analyzed respectively.
the ap-direction sway is significant larger than the ml-direction sway , particularly in the test conditions with sway-surface.
aim : this paper explores age- and gender-specific changes in doppler echocardiographic index-e ' of left ventricular diastolic function.
early diastolic mitral annular velocity ( e' ) and e / e ' ratios were measured with tissue doppler imaging of lateral mitral annulus.
diastolic indices were highly correlated with age.
results : among those aged 20-29 , e ' was significantly higher in female than in male.
in patients aged 30-39 , 40-49 , 50-59 , 60-69 and 70-79 years , e ' was similar in both genders.
among those aged 80-89 years , e ' was significantly lower in female than in male.
conclusions : age-related changes in diastolic indices correlated with gender among hypertensive patients.
diastolic function deteriorated more significantly among elderly women compared with elderly men.
the study may explain the increased incidence of diastolic heart failure in elderly women with hypertension.
the progression of mild parkinsonian signs in the absence of idiopathic parkinson's disease in aging is unclear.
this study aims to identify predictors of the evolution of mild parkinsonian signs in non-demented older adults.
two hundred ten participants ( @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ women ) were assessed at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
mild parkinsonian signs were defined as the presence of bradykinesia , rigidity and / or rest tremor.
physical function was assessed using gait velocity.
ninety-five participants presented with mild parkinsonian signs at baseline.
at 1-year follow-up , @number@ demonstrated persistent mild parkinsonian signs , while @number@ recovered ( i.e. , transient ) .
gait velocity predicted persistence of mild parkinsonian signs , even after adjustments ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.94-0.98 ) .
fifty-five participants demonstrated new-onset of mild parkinsonian signs.
in comparison to participants without mild parkinsonian signs , presence of cardiovascular but not cerebrovascular disease at baseline was associated with new-onset mild parkinsonian signs.
objective : amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) inhibits chondrocyte procatabolic responses to inflammation and biomechanical injury.
we also knocked down or overexpressed pgc-1α and foxo3a by small interfering rna or plasmid dna transfection , respectively.
we assessed mitochondrial superoxide generation using mitosox red.
last , menadione-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by ampk pharmacologic activators and by overexpression of pgc-1α or foxo3a.
to date , the expression and biologic functions of trem2 under ad context remain largely unknown.
using appswe / ps1de9 mice , a transgenic model of ad , we showed that trem2 was upregulated in microglia during disease progression.
meanwhile , this modulation was dependent on dap12 , the adapter protein of trem2.
these findings provide insights into the role of trem2 in ad pathogenesis , and highlight trem2 as a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
molecular cross-talk between neuronal drebrin a and cofilin is believed to be a part of the activity-dependent cytoskeleton-modulating pathway in dendritic spines.
impairments in this pathway are implicated also in synaptic dysfunction in alzheimer's disease , down syndrome , epilepsy , and normal aging.
however , up to now the molecular interplay between cofilin and drebrin has not been elucidated.
cosedimentation experiments showed that f-actin can be fully occupied with combination of these two proteins.
the dependence of cofilin binding on fractional saturation of actin filaments with drebrin suggests direct competition between these two proteins for f-actin binding.
this implies that cofilin and drebrin can either overcome or reverse the allosteric changes in f-actin induced by the competitor's binding.
the ability of cofilin to displace drebrin from actin filaments is ph dependent and is facilitated at acidic ph ( @number@ ) .
our results contribute to molecular understanding of the competitive interactions of drebrin and cofilin with actin filaments.
the data originated from the linnaeus database , available at the center for population studies , umeå university , sweden.
a cohort of men and women aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ years were recruited from the västerbotten intervention programme.
deaths due to stroke and myocardial infarction at the end of the follow up are considered the outcome.
baseline job characteristics were defined by the swedish version of the karasek demand / control model.
statistical methods include proportional cox hazard modeling and relative excess risk due to interaction ( reri ) to assess interactions.
the findings from this study did not support the association between job demands and decision latitude and cvd mortality.
instead , conventional risk factors were found stronger predictors , most evidently education differentials were associated with cvd mortality.
natural selection is traditionally viewed as a leading factor of evolution , whereas variation is assumed to be random and non-directional.
any order in variation is attributed to epigenetic or developmental constraints that can hinder the action of natural selection.
in contrast i consider the positive role of epigenetic mechanisms in evolution because they provide organisms with opportunities for rapid adaptive change.
the capacity to produce regulated variation is a phenotypic property , which is not described in the genome.
thus , there are two channels of heredity : informational ( genomic ) and structure-functional ( phenotypic ) .
functional capacities of organisms most likely emerged in a chain of modifications and combinations of more simple ancestral functions.
evolutionary opportunities include adjustments of individual functions , multitasking , connection between various components of an organism , and interaction between organisms.
the adaptive nature of regulated variation can be explained by the differential success of lineages in macro-evolution.
in a subset of nineteen individuals , a more extensive sampling scheme was performed to examine within-placenta variation.
concordance was lacking between the other genes that were studied.
in placental tissue , methylation patterns of most targets on the mitochondrial-telomere axis were not strongly influenced by sample location.
young and aged mice were placed on a diet that either lacked sulfur-containing amino acids ( saas ) or had @percent@ otc for @number@ weeks.
mice fed standard chow were used as an additional control.
saa-deficient mice exhibited significant aging-associated differences in hepatic gsh , gsh / gssg , ceramide , and nsmase.
otc supplementation eliminated the aging-associated differences in hepatic gsh and gsh / gssg ratio.
surprisingly , however , instead of decreasing , the nsmase activity and ceramide increased in the otc-fed mice irrespective of their age.
these effects were due to elevated nsmase-2 mrna and protein and appeared to be direct.
similar increases were seen in hepg2 cells following treatment with otc.
the otc-fed aged mice also exhibited hepatic steatosis and triacylglyceride accumulation.
these results suggest that otc is a potent stimulant of nsmase-2 expression and that there may be unanticipated complications of otc supplementation.
objective : to test whether limitations in mobility and large-muscle functioning mediate self-reported vision status to increase fall risk among respondents age @number@ and above.
method : this study used two waves from the health and retirement study.
background : the number of patients requesting surgical procedures performed for brachioplasty and massive weight loss is increasing.
the authors set out to quantify the health state utility outcome assessment of living with arm deformity requiring brachioplasty.
linear regression and student t test were used for statistical analysis.
a p value less than @number@ was deemed statistically significant.
race and sex were not statistically significant independent predictors of risk acceptance.
conclusions : we have objectified the health state of living with upper arm deformity requiring brachioplasty.
strain rates along and in the cross-section of the fiber were calculated from the sr tensor and used to derive the out-plane sr.
the sr-fiber angle was larger in the young for both motion types but this difference was not statistically significant.
significant regional differences in the sr indices was seen in passive joint rotation ( p < @number@ ) for both cohorts.
method : cross-sectional analyses of @number@ community-dwelling men and women aged 75-90 living in central finland in @number@
barriers to outdoor physical activity and unmet physical activity need were enquired with a questionnaire.
a path model was used to study the associations of the profiles with unmet physical activity need.
results : five barrier profiles were identified.
the participants in the profiles differed in the proportion of individual and environmental barriers.
the risk for unmet physical activity need was highest among people whose severe mobility difficulties restricted their outdoor physical activity.
conclusion : outdoor physical activity barriers reflect the imbalance in person-environment fit among older people , manifested as unmet physical activity need.
objectives : in the west , self-rated health reliably predicts death , but conceptualizations of health and cause-composition of mortality may be contextually specific.
little is known as to how self-rated health predicts death in non-western settings.
results : during an average of @number@ years follow-up , @number@ deaths occurred with @number@ from cancer.
self-comparative self-rated health was not associated with higher mortality.
conclusion : age-comparative self-rated health predicted death in older people from a non-western setting although the association was less marked than in western settings.
the dopamine metabolite @number@ , ( dopal ) is detoxified mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldh ) .
exposure to pesticides that inhibit aldh may therefore increase pd risk via dopal buildup.
this study lends support to the \ "catecholaldehyde hypothesis \ " that the autotoxic dopamine metabolite dopal plays a pathogenic role in pd.
ageing and longevity is unquestioningly complex.
also , some theories of ageing were introduced.
this review is an attempt to analyze the mechanisms and theories of ageing and achieving longevity.
increasing lines of evidence support that testosterone may have neuroprotective effects.
previous studies demonstrated that testosterone could alleviate neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid ( aβ ) , but these findings mainly focused on neuronal apoptosis.
aβ also disrupted synaptic vesicle recycling and protein folding machinery.
testosterone preserved the integrity of neurites and the expression of presynaptic proteins.
it also attenuated aβ-induced impairment of synaptic exocytosis.
taken together , our data provide further evidence on the beneficial effects of testosterone , which may be useful for future drug development for ad.
the relationship between psa and testosterone levels was investigated in both groups and in patients aged < 60 years.
the mean testosterone level was calculated for patients aged < 50 years and was compared with the mean value of patients aged ≥50 years.
conclusions : no impact of testosterone was found on the psa level in healthy men with psa < 4 ng / ml.
therefore , a high serum testosterone level may not mandate adjustment of psa values.
this serum sex hormone showed a significant increment after the age of @number@ years.
further studies including a larger number of patients should be carried out to confirm these findings.
background : after a hip fracture , a catabolic state develops , with increased bone loss during the first year.
all participants received calcium ( @number@ mg ) and vitamin d3 ( @number@ iu ) daily.
total hip and total body bmd were assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline , @number@ and @number@ months.
marker of bone resorption c-terminal telopeptide of collagen i and 25-hydroxy vitamin d were analyzed in serum.
intention-to-treat analysis was in concordance with the complete cases analyses.
recent trends in dementia in several western countries , however , depict a gradual decline in prevalence and incidence.
given these observations , there is much to be gained through the promotion of healthy lifestyles.
nationwide initiatives to develop and implement policies and strategies to protect cognitive health throughout the lifespan should be considered a public health priority.
we searched for epidemiological studies on dementia published in 1990-2013 using pubmed , scopus , embase , koreamed , kiss , and rich.
the age-specific prevalence of dementia approximately doubled with each @number@.8-yr increase of age.
the ad / vad ratio increased from @number@ in the early 1990s to @number@ in the 2010s , similar to the worldwide ratio.
owing to this high prevalence in the aging population , dementia will impose significant economic burdens to korean society.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the leading cause of dementia , and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly.
the prevalence of ad is predicted to rise as life expectancy grows across populations.
many of these are amenable to lifestyle modification.
we provide an overview of modifiable risk factors for ad along with the supporting evidence.
furthermore , family socioeconomic status ( ses ) predicted change in rule-guided behavior , such that higher ses predicted better performance with development.
we discuss these results within a working memory gating framework for abstract rule-guided behavior.
hyperactivity and its compensatory mechanisms may causally contribute to synaptic and cognitive deficits in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
this study has brought the potential use of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) in ad therapy.
objective : this study examines the association between dietary patterns and cognitive decline in taiwanese aged @number@ years and older.
methods : data were from a population-based longitudinal study , the taiwan longitudinal study of aging , with a nationally representative sample.
results : nearly @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ of participants had a western , traditional , and healthy dietary pattern , respectively.
conclusions : dietary patterns correlate with cognitive function in taiwanese aged @number@ years and older and can predict the occurrence of subsequent cognitive decline.
western dietary pattern increases the risk of cognitive decline over @number@ years.
the number of incident ad cases was @number@
serum samples were analyzed for anti-hsv antibodies ( immunoglobulin ( ig ) g and igm ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
background : insulin resistance ( ir ) increases alzheimer's disease ( ad ) risk.
ir is related to greater amyloid burden post-mortem and increased deposition within areas affected by early ad.
conclusions : this is the first human study to demonstrate that insulin resistance may contribute to amyloid deposition in brain regions affected by ad.
results : at least one task of npa showed provocative effect in @percent@ of cases.
there was no difference between the provocative effects of action-programming and thinking npa task groups as well as among individual npa tasks.
the provocative effects of npa tasks were more prevalent in photosensitive cases , especially the tasks of action-programming type ( p = 0.04 ) .
it may also help in providing advice for patients on safety issues.
methods : data from adult patients with hpvg who visited our ed between @date@ and @date@ were analyzed.
the study end point was mortality or survival upon discharge.
the factors associated with mortality were specifically analyzed with multiple logistic regression models.
results : among the total of @number@ hpvg patients , the overall mortality rate was @percent@.
no deaths were observed among the patients with neither shock nor pi in the ed.
the mortality of the patients with both shock and pi was very high ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : early resuscitation should be initiated for the prevention of shock in adult patients with hpvg in the ed.
methods : participants were @number@ israeli adults with memory complaints , aged @number@ years or older.
the main outcome variable was the global cognitive score assessed using the mindstreams ( ® ) mild cognitive impairment assessment , a computerized cognitive assessment.
the mini-mental state examination and the self-report of memory difficulties were also utilized.
to assess well-being , the ucla loneliness scale-8 was used.
health was evaluated by self-report instruments.
results : all three interventions resulted in significant improvement in cognitive function as measured by the computerized cognitive assessment.
all approaches seemed to decrease loneliness.
conclusion : multiple approaches should be offered to older persons with memory complaints.
the availability of diverse options would help fit the needs of a heterogeneous population.
an educational media effort to promote the public's understanding of the efficacy of these multiple approaches is needed.
objective : much of the genetic basis for alzheimer disease ( ad ) is unexplained.
links between the most promising gene candidate and ad pathogenesis were explored in silico as well as experimentally in cell-based models and in human brain.
a test for association with the entire region was also significant ( meta-p = @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
transfection of sh-sy5y cells or primary rat neurons with full-length plxna4 ( ts1 ) increased tau phosphorylation with stimulated by sema3a.
the opposite effect was observed when cells were transfected with shorter isoforms ( ts2 and ts3 ) .
interpretation : our results indicate that plxna4 has a role in ad pathogenesis through isoform-specific effects on tau phosphorylation.
four wm regions of interests ( wm-roi ) , relevant to the study of aging and neuroinflammatory diseases , were examined.
[ 18f ] -feppa pet scans were acquired on @number@ healthy subjects and analyzed using a full kinetic compartment analysis.
noise affects vt variability , although its effect on bias was small ( @percent@ ) .
in a worst-case scenario , ≤6% of simulated data did not fit reliably.
a simulation of increased tspo density exposed minimal effect on variability and identifiability of [ 18f ] -feppa vt in wm-rois.
we found no association between age and [ 18f ] -feppa vt in wm-rois.
the vt values were @percent@ higher in hab than in mab , although the difference was not statistically significant.
within the proposed \ "neurodegeneration paradigm \ " , observations have been put forth for \ "accelerated aging \ " in this disorder.
in this review , we have summarized the literature related to the concept of early aging in schizophrenia.
these studies include p300 abnormalities & visual motion discrimination , neuroimaging findings , telomere dynamics as well as neuropathology of related brain regions.
put together , the evidence supporting early aging in schizophrenia is compelling and this requires further systematic studies.
some men between the ages @number@ and @number@ years develop complaints and symptoms reminiscent of menopausal complaints in women.
so , parallels were sought between the changes in female and male endocrinology during that period of life.
these effects are in part reversible with weight loss.
a hypogonadal state in aging men has deleterious effects.
normalization of testosterone in aging hypogonadal men has a beneficial effect on the above pathologies.
the fear that testosterone treatment of elderly men would lead to prostate disease has not been substantiated in studies.
so , while men do not have a ' menopause' , testosterone deficiency in old age deserves serious attention.
an aging population and improved survival from cardiovascular diseases is expected to further increase hf prevalence.
emergency providers play a significant role in the management of patients with acute heart failure ( ahf ) .
further , clinical trials must be conducted in the ed in order to improve the evidence base and drive optimal initial therapy for ahf.
should ongoing and future studies suggest early phenotype-driven therapy improves in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes , ed treatment decisions will need to evolve accordingly.
the potential impact of future studies which incorporate risk-stratification into ed disposition decisions cannot be underestimated.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world.
most ad patients become dependent on their relatives , i.e. family caregivers.
providing care to a person with ad influences caregiver's life and leads to feelings of grief , which often precede caregiver depression.
caregiver grief was measured by means of mm-cgi-50.
additionally , carers were administered a questionnaire including patient's and caregiver's demographics.
also , cr's dementia assessment was informant-based and determined with investigator-administered clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) scale.
of all analyzed factors , only caregiver's informant dementia rating significantly influenced caregiver grief.
to add , mm-cgi-50 can be effectively used to assess grief in polish family caregivers of ad patients.
aging is characterized by a progressive decline in organism functions due to the impairment of all organs.
in this review we examine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtdna mutations in cell aging and senescence.
frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder.
rare trem2 variants have been recently identified in families affected by ftd-like phenotype.
however , genetic studies of the role of rare trem2 variants in ftd have generated conflicting results possibly because of difficulties on diagnostic accuracy.
the aim of the present study was to investigate associations between rare trem2 variants and specific ftd subtypes ( ftd-s ) .
genetic association was calculated using fisher exact test.
the minor allele frequency for controls was derived from in-house genotyping data and publicly available databases.
the p.r47h variant was found in @number@ patients with ftd-s.
two of these patients showed cerebrospinal fluid pattern of amyloid beta , tau , and phosphorylated-tau suggesting underlying alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathology.
no association was found between p.r47h and ftd-s.
a genetic association was found between p.t96k and ftd-s ( p = @number@ odds ratio = @number@ @percent@ confidence interval [ @number@.17-14.77 ] ) .
all @number@ p.t96k patients also carried the trem2 variant p.l211p , suggesting linkage disequilibrium.
the remaining trem2 variants were found in @number@ patient , respectively , and were absent in controls.
the present findings provide evidence that p.t96k is associated with ftd-s and that p.l211p may contribute to its pathogenic effect.
the data also suggest that p.r47h is associated with an ftd phenotype that is characterized by the presence of underlying ad pathology.
background : bullous pemphigoid ( bp ) is the most frequently encountered autoimmune blistering disorder , affecting mainly elderly population.
results : a total of @number@ cases of bp were diagnosed ( in @number@ males and @number@ females ) .
age of patients with bp was @number@ ± @time@ .
the incidence among men and women over @number@ years of age was @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ respectively.
the 1-year mortality of patients was @number@ and @time@ % ( p < @number@ ) in men and women , respectively.
overall mortality was @percent@.
objective : there is an increasing interest for the value of right ventricle ( rv ) in predicting exercise tolerance and prognosis in cardiovascular disease.
however , there is relatively few data evaluating the effect of age on rv diastolic filling velocities during rest or exercise in healthy subjects.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy subjects were enrolled in this study.
patients were divided into @number@ groups according to their age : group @number@ ( ≤45-years-old ) and group @number@ ( > 45-years-old ) .
a treadmill exercise test was performed using modified bruce protocol.
conventional pulsed-wave doppler and tissue doppler velocities were obtained both at rest and immediately after the end of exercise , respectively.
tissue doppler analysis revealed increased aa velocity , decreased in ea / aa ratio and ivrt.
no significant change was observed in ea velocity and e / ea ratio with exercise.
although diastolic velocities changed significantly with exercise , systolic velocities did not.
cardiac response to exercise differed slightly in the older subjects compared to younger ones.
htr2a and htr2a gene variations are implicated in depression , schizophrenia , anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
htr2a mrna levels were assessed using quantitative real-time rt-pcr and htr2a protein levels - with western blot.
the rs6311 htr2a polymorphism was analysed with genotyping.
significant changes in htr2a expression with age were found in frontal cortex , amygdala , thalamus , brain stem and cerebellum.
design : secondary analysis of prospectively collected data.
setting : outpatient oncology clinics in seven academic medical centers.
participants : adults aged @number@ and older with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
pim use was common ( up to @percent@ according to beers criteria ) .
there was also no association between pim use and toxicity ( p = .93 ) or hospitalization ( p = .98 ) .
no medication class was associated with either outcome.
conclusions : polypharmacy and pim use were common but were not associated with chemotherapy-related toxicity or hospitalization in older adults with cancer.
background : reactive oxygen species are known to mediate skin photoaging , which results in the formation of pigmented spots and wrinkles.
coffee is the largest source of polyphenols , which supplies a large number of antioxidants in one's daily life.
however , little is known about how much coffee and polyphenol consumption influences skin health.
wrinkles and pigmented spots were evaluated using digital photograph images.
conclusion : coffee and polyphenol consumption was associated with low facial pigmented spots in japanese middle-aged females.
objectives : to determine whether hearing impairment , highly prevalent in older adults , is associated with activity levels.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : national health and nutritional examination survey ( @date@ ) .
main outcome measures were self-reported leisure time physical activity and accelerometer-measured physical activity.
both were quantified using minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity and categorized as inactive , insufficiently active , or sufficiently active.
ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors.
mild hearing impairment was not associated with level of physical activity.
conclusion : moderate or greater hearing impairment in older adults is associated with lower levels of physical activity independent of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors.
future research is needed to investigate the basis of this association and whether hearing rehabilitative interventions could affect physical activity in older adults.
cellular senescence is a stable state of proliferative arrest that provides a barrier against malignant transformation and contributes to the antitumor activity of certain chemotherapies.
unexpectedly , we found that the expression of proto-oncogene pim-1 , which can promote tumorigenesis , is induced at transcriptional level during senescence.
inhibition of pim-1 alleviated both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence.
conversely , ectopic expression of pim-1 resulted in premature senescence.
we also revealed that pim-1 interacts with and phosphorylates heterochromatin protein 1γ ( hp1γ ) on ser93.
our study demonstrated that pim-1 is a key component of the senescence machinery that contributes to heterochromatin formation.
more importantly , we demonstrated that pim-1 is also a direct target of il-6 / stat3 signaling and mediates cytokine-induced cellular senescence.
most developmental studies of face emotion processing show faces in isolation , in the absence of any broader context.
here we investigate two types of interactions between expression and threat contexts.
we investigate whether this also occurs in children.
however , even the oldest children were unable to sustain fear-prioritization when the onset of the target was delayed.
overall , the results argue that some , but not all , aspects of expression-context interactions are mature by @number@ years of age.
objectives : to determine whether performance speeds mediate the association between visual impairment and self-reported mobility disability over an 8-year period.
design : longitudinal analysis.
setting : salisbury , maryland.
participants : salisbury eye evaluation study participants aged @number@ and older ( n = 2 , 520 ) .
measurements : visual impairment was defined as best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20 / 40 in the better-seeing eye or visual field less than 20°.
self-reported mobility disability on three tasks was assessed : walking up stairs , walking down stairs , and walking @number@ feet.
improving mobility performance in older adults with visual impairment may minimize the perception of mobility disability.
the inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( pai-1 ) has been shown to exert beneficial effects in age-related vascular diseases.
limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms regarding the negatively regulated expression of pai-1 in the vascular system.
moreover , the sirt1-mediated inhibition of pai-1 expression exerted an antisenescence effect in huvecs.
thus , our findings suggest that the sirt1-mediated epigenetic inhibition of pai-1 expression exerts a protective effect in vascular endothelial senescence.
once they are critically short , telomeres become dysfunctional and consequently activate a proliferative arrest called replicative senescence.
mirnas are fine-tuning modifiers of skeletal muscle regulation , but knowledge of their hormonal control is lacking.
mirna profiles were determined from vastus lateralis muscle of nine healthy 54-62-years-old monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for hrt ( median @number@ years ) .
insulin / igf-1 signaling emerged one common pathway targeted by these mirnas.
igf-1r and foxo3a mrna and protein were more abundantly expressed in muscle samples of hrt users than nonusers.
novel finding is the postmenopausal hrt-reduced mirs-182 , mir-223 and mir-142-3p expression in female skeletal muscle.
pl has also been shown to accelerate removal of uv-induced photoproducts , highlighting its anti-carcinogenic role.
by reducing uv-induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting extracellular matrix remodeling , pl demonstrates some protective effects against photoaging and puva induced phototoxicity.
oral administration of pl extracts and its favorable safety profile could have significant implications in the prevention of skin cancer.
short sleep was reported by @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) and long sleep by @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the sample.
we observed an interaction between sleep duration , diabetes mellitus and log-wmhv ( p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , long sleep duration was associated with a greater burden of white matter lesions in this stroke-free urban sample.
the association was seen mainly among those with diabetes mellitus.
the interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) gene regulates the production capacities of il-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α ( tnf-α ) .
in rural ghana , il-10 gene variants associated with different production capacities of il-10 and tnf-α are enriched compared with caucasian populations.
in this setting , we explored the association between these gene variants and muscle strength.
we distinguished pro-inflammatory haplotypes associated with low il-10 production capacity and anti-inflammatory haplotypes with high il-10 production capacity.
we found that distinct haplotypes of the il-10 gene associated with handgrip strength.
a pro-inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of @percent@ was associated with higher handgrip strength ( p = @number@ ) .
an anti-inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of @percent@ was associated with lower handgrip strength ( p = @number@ ) .
aging is influenced by endocrine pathways including the growth hormone / insulin-like growth factor-1 ( gh / igf ) axis.
mitochondrial function has also been linked to the aging process , but the relevant mitochondrial signals mediating the effects of mitochondria are poorly understood.
the circulating levels of humanin decline with age in mice and humans.
long-lived , gh-deficient ames mice displayed elevated humanin levels , while short-lived gh-transgenic mice have reduced humanin levels.
furthermore , treatment with gh or igf-i reduced circulating humanin levels in both mice and human subjects.
our results indicate that gh and igf are potent regulators of humanin levels and that humanin levels correlate with lifespan in mice.
rationale , aims and objectives : declining capacity to function safely and independently in the community is a manifestation of ageing.
multiple measures are used to define and predict functional decline.
this paper explores the use of partial least squares ( pls ) analysis to understand the interaction between overtime measures of functional decline.
they were followed-up by telephone @number@ and @number@ months , post-ed discharge.
pls analysis was applied to identify overtime relationships between measures.
results : valid information was provided by @number@ individuals at all three time points.
the eight individual iadl items clustered clearly around physical , mental or combined mental and physical iadls.
these clusters were strongly related to increased use of community supports , gait aid and carer , and living alone.
the relationship was less convincingly for hospitalizations , and falls were not explained well.
this analysis provides a better understanding of declining function over time , than could be provided by current health modelling methods.
the cueing paradigm provides an established method for eliciting involuntary and voluntary attention shifts.
involuntary orienting is traditionally measured with non-predictive peripheral cues and voluntary orienting with predictive central arrows.
the present experiment applied different cueing conditions that measured involuntary orienting , voluntary orienting , and involuntary and voluntary orienting in combination in older adults.
the results show that past studies of voluntary orienting in older adults confound involuntary and voluntary orienting.
a similar normal pattern of orienting was observed for involuntary orienting.
our study provides a methodology that can be applied effectively to isolate and investigate the effects of age on voluntary and involuntary attention.
introduction : several studies have documented increased cardiovascular risk factors , particularly hypercholesterolemia , in the migraine population with respect to controls.
however , no studies have investigated the possible relationship between headache severity parameters and lipid serum levels.
no significant difference was found in the evaluated parameters for the subgroups of patients with and without aura.
a different approach that has several clinical advantages is to place the laryngeal mask airway prior to the iv.
we describe our experience with this technique , using heart rate as an indicator of adequate anesthetic depth.
in addition , we analyzed heart rate data in children undergoing sevoflurane inductions , looking for age-related differences.
methods : following a sevoflurane induction , heart rates were recorded every @number@ s for @number@ min in @number@ asa i-ii children under age @number@
laryngeal mask airway placement occurred when the heart rate dropped at least @percent@ from its maximum level or at @number@ min.
ease of laryngeal mask airway placement was graded using a scale from @number@ to @number@
endtidal sevoflurane concentration , occurrence of laryngospasm and blood pressure at laryngeal mask airway placement were also recorded.
results : the laryngeal mask airway was successfully placed on the first attempt in all @number@ children.
easy placement was noted in @percent@.
conclusions : laryngeal mask airway placement before an iv is a safe alternative to the usual mask-iv-laryngeal mask airway sequence.
our data compare favorably to other studies where ease of laryngeal mask airway placement was reported.
this technique has several advantages including securing the airway first for an anticipated difficult iv placement.
heart rate changes during a sevoflurane induction appear to be age-dependent.
with the aging of @number@ million baby boomers , dental caries will continue to pose a significant challenge for older adults.
methods : a retrospective cohort study , using multiple electronic databases within the department of veterans affairs.
propensity scores were used to adjust for confounding by indication and logistic regression modeled the outcome and included all expected covariates.
patients who received clinical fluoride treatments had 17-20% decreased odds of requiring a restoration during the follow-up period.
this paper focuses on whether and how health gains in economic evaluation should be differentially weighted by age of recipient.
the paper presents a structured overview of evidence from the revealed preference and stated preference literature in this area.
it discusses a number of methodological issues raised by differential weighting of health gains by age of recipient.
the paper ends with pointers for potential future research in this area.
design : validation study.
setting : intermediate care unit of the intensive medicine service of the são joão hospital center , porto , portugal.
participants : families and caregivers of elderly hospitalized adults ( ≥48 hours ) .
families and caregivers younger than @number@ and those who did not speak portuguese were excluded.
measurements : a trained researcher translated the fam-cam according to international society for pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research guidelines.
a trained researcher administered the fam-cam to families and caregivers.
the level of family-perceived distress was evaluated on a numerical rating scale from @number@ to @number@
results : the sample included @number@ families and caregivers ( @percent@ adult children ) .
according to the dsm-iv-tr , @percent@ of individuals had delirium.
fifty-seven percent of families and caregivers classified delirium as an extremely distressing experience.
conclusion : these preliminary results suggest that fam-cam is a sensitive screening tool for family detection of delirium in elderly hospitalized adults.
the high level of psychological distress found corroborated previous studies.
future studies with larger samples will be needed for further validation and to allow the analysis of other psychometric properties.
background : little is known about the prevalence and relevant factors of polypharmacy in nonagenarian and centenarians.
methods : the data were from the ' project of longevity and aging in dujiangyan ' study.
medication use and relevant covariates were obtained by face-to-face interviews.
results : we included @number@ participants with mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years.
the number of chronic diseases was @number@ ± @number@ per subject , whereas the number of drugs was @number@ ± @number@ per subject.
the prevalence of minor polypharmacy and major polypharmacy was @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
background : quantitative assessment of right ventricular ( rv ) function is important for the management of patients with congenital heart disease.
the aim of this study was to establish normative data for iva at the lateral tricuspid valve annulus ( rv iva ) .
methods : this is a retrospective study of @number@ children who had normal echocardiograms.
when rv iva was corrected for hr ( rv ivac ) , it became independent of hr , age , bsa , and gender.
the mean rv ivac was @number@ m / sec ( @number@ ) ( ±2 sd : @number@.1-3.6 m / sec ( @number@ ) ) .
there was a correlation of normalized rv ivac with normalized tapse and rv s'.
conclusion : rv iva , a marker of rv contractility , shows a strong dependence on hr.
hr corrected rv iva ( rv ivac ) is independent of age , bsa , gender , and hr.
we suggest measuring rv ivac routinely in patients at risk for rv dysfunction.
the possible regulation mechanism of red light was determined to discover how to retard uva-induced skin photoaging.
human skin fibroblasts were cultured and irradiated with different doses of uva , thus creating a photoaging model.
fibroblasts were also exposed to a subtoxic dose of uva combined with a red light-emitting diode ( led ) for five continuous days.
three groups were examined : control , uva and uva plus red light.
furthermore , the telomeres in uva-treated cells were shortened compared to those of cells in the red light groups.
these results suggest that red light plays a key role in the antiphotoaging of human skin fibroblasts by acting on different signaling transduction pathways.
background : the hemodynamic force of wall shear stress ( wss ) has demonstrated a critical role in atherogenesis.
purpose : to study the effect of age and gender on mean wss ( mwss ) values in major cerebral arteries.
quantitative magnetic resonance angiography was used to obtain volume flow and diameter , and subsequently to calculate mwss via the hagen-poiseuille equation.
mwss is significantly higher in females than in males in all six neck vessels.
the most significant drop in mwss occurred between the age groups 48-57 and 58-67 ( p < @number@ for @number@ vessels ) .
conclusion : the overall decline in mwss observed with age may be due to a decrease in flow.
objectives : to examine associations between weight change , body composition , risk of mobility disability , and mortality in older adults.
design : prospective , longitudinal , population-based cohort.
setting : the health , aging , and body composition study.
participants : women ( n = @number@ ) and men ( n = @number@ ) aged @number@ to @number@
measurements : weight and lean and fat mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measured annually over @number@ years.
associations were analyzed using cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for covariates.
results : during follow-up , @number@ women and @number@ men developed mobility disability , and @number@ women and @number@ men died.
there was no risk of mobility disability or mortality with weight gain.
conclusion : weight cycling and weight loss predict impending mobility disability and mortality in old age , underscoring the prognostic importance of weight history.
background : one important goal of paediatric occupational therapy services is to improve activities of daily living ( adl ) abilities of children.
in order to plan and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions , valid assessments are critically needed.
the amps can be used internationally to evaluate adl performance in children and to determine if the child is eligible for occupational therapy services.
the \ "risk of breast cancer in women increases with age \ " is a longtime misstatement that does not conform to statistical data.
contrary to the common perception and widely publicized statements , the overall risk of developing breast cancer decreases in women as they grow old.
aging , diabetes , cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury can influence these factors.
we are as old as our adult stem cells are ; therefore , stem cell exhaustion is considered a hallmark of aging.
not surprisingly , interest in stem cell research has never been greater among members of the public , politicians , and scientists.
background : several studies have been pointing towards a non-linear relationship between serum 25 ( oh ) d and cardiovascular disease.
next to vitamin d deficiency , also higher levels of 25 ( oh ) d have been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
design : cross-sectional.
methods : carotid intima media thickness ( imt ) was assessed using ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) was determined with applanation tonometry.
associations were tested using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions and stratified linear regression analysis.
results : the associations between serum 25 ( oh ) d and carotid imt or pwv were non-linear.
spline functions demonstrated a difference between 25 ( oh ) d deficient and sufficient individuals.
pwv levels were slightly lower in vitamin d deficient individuals , but the association with 25 ( oh ) d was not significant.
conclusion : our study demonstrates that associations of serum 25 ( oh ) d and pwv and imt in an elderly population are not linear.
background : infertility affects ∼7% of all men.
despite much progress , mainly in genetics , its etiology remains obscure in ∼50% of cases.
normal anatomy and sonographic characteristics of the mgt have also been summarized.
results : testicular volume ( tv ) is tightly associated with both sperm and hormonal parameters.
ultrasound ( us ) offers a greater accuracy in tv measurement than prader orchidometer ( po ) .
however us- and po-derived tv are closely related , making po-derived tv informative enough in the work-up of the infertile man in everyday clinical practice.
us-derived tv might play an independent role in specific clinical conditions ( i.e. large hydrocele , inguinal testis , enlarged epididymis ) .
the impact of varicocele detection and surgical correction on sperm parameters / fatherhood is debated.
at present , the clinical management of varicocele is mainly based on physical examination.
however , cdus is useful in assessing venous reflux , when palpation is unreliable and / or in detecting recurrence / persistence after surgery.
trus may reveal prostate volume reduction ( suggestive of hypogonadism ) or enlargement , which can be related to aging or even metabolic abnormalities.
finally , trus may reveal prostate and sv echo-texture abnormalities suggestive of inflammation or sv stasis.
conclusions : mgt-cdus is a useful tool in detecting abnormalities related to impaired male reproductive health.
however , it suffers from a lack of standardization and often produces subjective / vague diagnoses.
aging represents an important health issue not only for the individual , but also for society in general.
burdens associated with aging are expanding as longevity increases.
this has led to an enhanced focus on issues related to aging and age-related diseases.
this has greatly limited the application of hrt in anti-aging therapy.
recently , the focus of anti-aging research has expanded from endocrine signaling pathways to effects on regulatory gene networks.
retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration , glaucoma , diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis.
interestingly , an inflammatory response , oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases.
several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions.
g protein-coupled receptor @number@ ( gpr40 ) is believed to be an attractive target to enhance insulin secretion in patients with type @number@ diabetes.
however , the underlying mechanisms that regulate the internalization and desensitization of gpr40 remain to be elucidated.
in stably transfected hek-293 cells , gpr40 receptors underwent rapid agonist-induced internalization and constitutive ligand-independent internalization.
because ffa receptors exhibit a high level of homology , our observations could be applicable to other members of this family.
physical inactivity that accompanies ageing and disease may hasten disability by reducing skeletal muscle contractility.
oa patients showed reduced ( p < @number@ ) knee extensor function.
such a network representation of brain connectivity has provided a novel means of investigating brain changes arising from pathology , development or aging.
remembering object positions across different views is a fundamental competence for acting and moving appropriately in a large-scale space.
behavioural and neurological changes in elderly subjects suggest that the spatial representations of the environment might decline compared to young participants.
however , no data are available on the use of different reference frames within topographical space in aging.
results revealed a different susceptibility to viewpoint changes in older than young participants.
importantly , we detected a worst performance , in terms of reaction times , for older than young participants in the allocentric frames.
an oversupinated foot was inversely associated with hallux valgus ( aor @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.74-0.97 ) .
conclusion : foot function was related to hallux valgus and overlapping toes , especially among the obese.
level of evidence : level ii , comparative cohort study.
background : poor vitamin d status can increase age-related muscle mass loss.
however , existing prospective evidence is limited and controversial.
design : we conducted a prospective cohort study.
participants / setting : this community-based study included @number@ men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years at baseline.
main outcomes measures : baseline plasma concentrations of 25 ( oh ) d and biomarkers of liver and kidney functions and inflammation were measured.
body composition was assessed at baseline and 6-year follow-up by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
statistical analyses performed : descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were applied.
the association persisted after additional adjustment of bone mineral density and inflammatory markers ( p for trend = 0.017 ) .
no significant associations were detected between 25 ( oh ) d and absolute loss of trunk lean mass or total body lean mass.
family caregiving is nonroutine help that is provided to a relative in need.
family caregivers ' unmet needs and the negative health outcomes they may experience demand effective , sustained clinical engagement.
clinical interventions that are intensive , individualized , and delivered over time to parallel chronic disease trajectories seem most effective.
symptoms of memory loss are caused by a range of cognitive abilities or a general cognitive decline , and not just memory.
they can then diagnose the causal subtypes of these syndromes using standard criteria for each of them.
brain imaging and biomarkers are making progress in the differential diagnoses among the different disorders.
treatments are still mostly symptomatic.
loss-of-function mutations in the pink1 gene lead to recessive forms of parkinson's disease.
animal models with depleted pink1 expression have failed to reproduce significant nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration and clear alpha-synuclein pathology , main characteristics of the disease.
in this study , we investigated whether alpha-synuclein pathology is altered in the absence of pink1 in cell culture and in vivo.
we observed that downregulation of pink1 enhanced alpha-synuclein aggregation and apoptosis in a neuronal cell culture model for synucleinopathy.
in conclusion , our results demonstrate that total loss of pink1 leads to an increased sensitivity to alpha-synuclein-induced neuropathology and cell death in vivo.
as predicted , the high-expression allele of rs4727380 was identified as the ad risk allele in both samples.
we also determined that rs4727380 correlates with ad diagnosis primarily among apoe4 noncarriers.
to our knowledge , this is the first report providing genetic evidence linking gsap to ad liability.
plasma dkk-1 levels were markedly higher in patients with t2dm than in healthy patients ( p < 0.0001 ) .
p < 0.0001 , ρ = 0.45.
p < 0.0001 , and ρ = 0.37 , p < 0.0001 , respectively ) but not with glycemic control or dm duration.
conclusions : circulating dkk-1 is increased in t2dm and associated with endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation.
plasma dkk-1 levels are reduced with improvement of glycemic control and low-dose aspirin treatment.
background : platelet activation is involved in acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) .
incomplete suppression by low-dose aspirin treatment of thromboxane ( tx ) metabolite excretion ( urinary 11-dehydro-txb2 ) is predictive of vascular events in high-risk patients.
among platelet transcripts , mrp-14 has emerged as a powerful predictor of acs.
circulating mrp- @date@ may be a target to test different antiplatelet strategies in acs.
spousal caregiving allows stressed couples to continue living in the community rather than seeking institutional solutions.
dr. toni calasanti has postulated that there are gender differences in the care work styles and coping strategies used by spousal caregivers dealing with dementia.
these differences result in the need for varied interventions.
male caregivers tend toward a managerial approach , whereas female caregivers generally adopt a relational approach.
this distinction was examined in the course of a literature review through the deductive process.
recommendations for future investigations are offered as new questions arise.
however , it remains unknown whether baseline arterial stiffness is independently associated with improvement in functional abilities after exercise training.
the subjects were @number@ adults ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ ± @number@ years from a rural village.
backgrounds : the dermatologic diseases of the dependent elderly require special attention.
methods : this screening and treatment service of dermatological diseases was conducted in a veterans home in southern taiwan.
results : a total of @number@ male residents were screened with mean age @number@ years ( range 46-99 ) .
@number@ ( @number@ % ) residents were in dependent status.
their skin diseases were recorded and the distribution pattern was compared with those in the other studies.
higher prevalence of certain skin diseases was related to the severity of disability or major systemic diseases of the residents.
actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancers were early detected and managed.
conclusions : the distribution patterns of skin diseases in a veterans home were unique.
it provides the evidences on appropriate management and key nursing points for dependent elderly.
background : an increase of pertussis cases , especially in young infants and adolescents , has been noted in various countries.
methods : we performed a cross sectional survey among all parents of newborns born between may and @date@ and @number@ in basel city and country.
regional statistical offices provided family addresses after approval by the ethical and data protection committees.
a standardized questionnaire with detailed instructions was sent to all eligible families.
for statistical analyses , independent proportions were compared by pearson's chi-squared test.
results : of @number@ eligible parents , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participated.
principal advisors for cocooning were pediatricians ( @percent@ ) followed by gynecologists / obstetricians ( @percent@ ) and general practitioners ( @percent@ ) .
when recommended , @percent@ of mothers and @percent@ of fathers accepted pertussis immunization.
the majority of vaccinations were administered in the perinatal period and within @number@ months of the child's birth.
however , cocooning remained incomplete in @percent@ of families and in most families < 50% of close contacts received pertussis vaccination.
conclusions : implementation of cocooning for protecting newborns from pertussis is challenging and usually remains incomplete.
pertussis immunization rates among close contacts of newborns need to be improved.
ideally , all healthcare providers involved in family planning , pregnancy and child birth should recommend cocooning.
pertussis immunization of pregnant women is an additional measure for optimal protection of newborns and should be promoted.
aims : b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) and c-reactive protein ( crp ) predict atrial fibrillation ( af ) risk.
however , their risk stratification abilities in the broad community remain uncertain.
we sought to improve risk stratification for af using biomarker information.
the predictive ability of crp was limited ( c-statistic increment @number@ ) .
b-type natriuretic peptide consistently improved prediction in ages and rs.
conclusion : b-type natriuretic peptide , not crp , substantially improved af risk prediction beyond clinical factors in an independently replicated , heterogeneous population.
b-type natriuretic peptide may serve as a benchmark to evaluate novel putative af risk biomarkers.
background : sleep disturbances are common in patients with chronic lung diseases , but little is known about the prevalence in patients with bronchiectasis.
methods : one hundred and forty-four bronchiectasis patients and eighty healthy subjects were enrolled.
demographic , clinical indices , radiology , spirometry , bacteriology , anxiety and depression were also assessed.
patients with sleep disturbances had more significantly impaired qol affecting all domains than those without.
only @percent@ of patients reported using a sleep medication at least weekly.
conclusions : in adults with steady-state bronchiectasis , sleep disturbances are more common than in healthy subjects and are related to poorer qol.
determinants associated with sleep disturbances include depression , aging , nighttime cough and increased sputum volume.
assessment and intervention of sleep disturbances are warranted and may improve qol.
arginine deficiency in sepsis may impair nitric oxide ( no ) production for local perfusion and add to the catabolic state.
in contrast , excessive no production has been related to global haemodynamic instability.
eight critically ill patients with a diagnosis of septic shock participated in this short-term ( @number@ h ) dose-response study.
l-arginine-hcl was continuously infused [ intravenously ( iv ) ] in three stepwise-increasing doses ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ μmol·kg-1·h-1 ) .
whole-body arginine-no and protein metabolism were measured using stable isotope techniques , and baseline values were compared with healthy controls.
global and regional haemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded during the study.
upon infusion , plasma arginine increased from 48±7 to 189±23 μmol·l-1 ( means±s.d. ; p < 0.0001 ) .
this coincided with increased de novo arginine ( p < 0.0001 ) and increased no production ( p < 0.05 ) .
introduction : aesthetic medicine represents an emerging field for many specialties.
the identification of safe gaps between passing cars when crossing a street is a task most of us accomplish successfully on a daily basis.
common sense might suggest that tta is the basis for pedestrians ' gap selection.
however , it has been shown repeatedly that vehicle approach speed has a substantial influence on the size of chosen gaps.
at higher speeds , pedestrians tend to accept smaller time gaps , i.e. they initiate riskier crossings.
some researchers have gone so far as to suggest that pedestrians rely more on physical distance of a vehicle in their crossing decisions than tta.
yet , at the same time , there is evidence that tta estimates themselves are influenced by object approach speed.
it is suspected that pedestrians are more apt to base their decisions on systematically distorted tta estimates , rather than physical distance.
the goal of the two experiments described in this article was to explore the relationship between gap acceptance and tta estimation.
participants were presented with video clips of approaching vehicles , and were either required to indicate a crossing decision , or to estimate tta.
the results indicate that systematic differences in tta estimates can be a reasonable explanation for the effect of speed on gap acceptance.
introduction : emergency care of older adults requires specialized knowledge of their unique physiology , atypical presentations , and care transitions.
older adults often require distinctive assessment , treatment and disposition.
emergency medicine ( em ) residents should develop expertise and efficiency in geriatric care.
older adults represent over @percent@ of most emergency department ( ed ) volumes.
yet many em residencies lack curricula or assessment tools for competent geriatric care.
fully educating residents in emergency geriatric care can demand large amounts of limited conference time.
the geriatric emergency medicine competencies ( gemc ) are high-impact geriatric topics developed to help residencies efficiently and effectively meet this training demand.
this study examines if a 2-hour didactic intervention can significantly improve resident knowledge in @number@ key domains as identified by the gemc across multiple programs.
we analyzed scores as individual questions and in defined topic domains using a paired student t test.
the testing of didactic knowledge before and after the gemc educational intervention had high internal reliability ( @percent@ ) .
the intervention significantly improved scores in all @number@ gemc domains ( improvement @percent@ to @percent@ ; p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : a brief gemc intervention had a significant impact on em resident knowledge of critical geriatric topics.
lectures based on the gemc can be a high-yield tool to enhance resident knowledge of geriatric emergency care.
formal gemc curriculum should be considered in training em residents for the demands of an aging population.
germline mutations in braf cause cfc syndrome , which is characterized by heart defects , distinctive facial features and ectodermal abnormalities.
braf ( q241r / + ) mice manifested embryonic / neonatal lethality , showing liver necrosis , edema and craniofacial abnormalities.
histological analysis revealed multiple heart defects , including cardiomegaly , enlarged cardiac valves , ventricular noncompaction and ventricular septal defects.
unexpectedly , one surviving pup was obtained after treatment with a histone @number@ demethylase inhibitor , gsk-j4 , or ncdm-32b.
combination treatment with pd0325901 and gsk-j4 further increased the rescue from embryonic lethality , ameliorating enlarged cardiac valves.
background : numeracy refers to people's ability to use numbers.
low numeracy has been associated with difficulties in understanding risk-benefit information and making health decisions.
method : we recruited an age-diverse convenience sample of @number@ uk adults.
they completed measures of numeracy and need for cognition.
they self-reported their educational attainment and other demographics.
results : older age was related to lower numeracy and lower need for cognition.
the negative relationship between age and numeracy was mediated by need for cognition.
these findings held after we controlled for educational attainment and other demographic factors.
discussion : older adults may show lower numeracy performance due to lack of motivation.
we discuss strategies for improving people's motivation to complete numeracy measures and other numerical tasks.
mitral regurgitation is the most common valve abnormality worldwide and its prevalence is expected to increase in the future due to aging of the population.
results : the california verbal learning test ( cvlt ) immediate recall was the first measure to decline , followed by cvlt delayed recall.
however , further along the disease progression scale , cvlt delayed recall and visual memory changed more rapidly than cvlt immediate recall.
conclusions : our findings reconcile reports of early changes in immediate recall with greater reliance on delayed recall performance in clinical settings.
the data for @number@ subjects were included in the analysis.
the data of @number@ subject were excluded due to non-compliance to study medication.
thc was safe and well tolerated.
the most frequently reported adverse events ( aes ) were drowsiness ( @percent@ ) and dry mouth ( @percent@ ) .
there was a wide inter-individual variability in plasma concentrations of thc.
subjects for whom the cmax fell within the sampling period ( over 2h ) , cmax was @number@.42-4.57ng / ml and tmax was 67-92min.
the auc0-2h ( n = 11 ) was @number@.67-3.51ng / ml.
overall , the pharmacodynamic effects of thc were smaller than effects previously reported in young adults.
in conclusion , thc appeared to be safe and well tolerated by healthy older individuals.
sstr1 is a member of the superfamily of somatostatin receptors possessing seven-transmembrane segments.
aberrant expression of sstr1 has been implicated in several human diseases , including pseudotumor cerebri , and oncogenic osteomalacia.
a rat ich model in the caudate putamen was established and subjected to behavioral tests.
western blot and immunohistochemistry indicated a remarkable up-regulation of sstr1 expression surrounding the hematoma after ich.
double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that sstr1 was mostly co-localized with neurons , and was rarely distributed in activated astrocytes and microglia.
additionally , sstr1 co-localized with active-caspase-3 and bcl-2 around the hematoma.
the expression of active-caspase-3 was parallel with that of sstr1 in a time-dependent manner.
in addition , sstr1 knockdown specifically resulted in reduced neuronal apoptosis in pc12 cells.
all our findings suggested that up-regulated sstr1 contributed to neuronal apoptosis after ich , which was accompanied with reduced expression of bcl-2.
several markers have been associated with sarcopenia in the elderly , including bioelectrical indices.
phase angle ( pha ) is an impedance parameter and it has been suggested as an indicator of cellular death.
muscle strength by grip strength using a hand-held dynamometer and muscle mass was measured by bioimpedentiometer.
pha was calculated directly with its arctangent ( resistance / reactance×180° / π ) .
linear relationship among muscular mass and strength and with clinical and biochemical parameters , including pha at uni- and multivariate analysis were performed.
among multiple causative factors , evidence suggests that cognitive impairment in older subjects may be influenced by diet.
methods : community-dwelling subjects ( n @number@ @number@ males and @number@ females ; aged 64-93 years ) were analysed.
dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
cognitive capacity was tested using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
the data were clustered to derive patterns of dietary intake.
multivariable-adjusted logistic and poisson regression models were used to examine the relationship between dietary gl and mmse score.
background : orthostatic hemodynamic signals may predict adverse outcomes in elders.
aims : to study the association between orthostatic hemodynamics and incident mortality in the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) .
methods : wave @number@ subjects underwent an active stand with non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring.
we compared wave @number@ active stands , dead vs alive in wave @number@
discussion : higher early orthostatic hr may be an independent risk marker.
further validation is required.
pa shows promise as a modifiable lifestyle intervention to benefit pathological symptoms of dementia.
however , little is known about the factors associated with participation in pa in community dwelling adults with dementia.
a systematic review was undertaken to identify pa correlates.
two independent reviewers searched major electronic databases and extracted data on studies reporting quantitative correlates of pa participation in community dwelling adults with dementia.
pa correlates were analyzed using the summary code approach within the socio-ecological model.
out of a potential of @number@ articles , @number@ met the eligibility criteria encompassing @number@ participants.
we conducted secondary analysis on nine data sets.
increasing age and lower global cognition were not consistently associated with pa participation.
it is surprising that increasing age and lower global cognition do not appear to influence pa participation.
purpose : lipofuscin ( lf ) accumulation within rpe cells is considered pathogenic in amd.
phalloidin-binding rpe cytoskeleton and lf-af ( 488-nm excitation ) were imaged at up to @number@ predefined positions.
maps were assembled from @number@ cells in @number@ locations.
results : highly variable between individuals , rpe-af increases significantly with age.
a perifoveal ring of high af mirrors rod photoreceptor topography and fundus-af.
retinal pigment epithelium cell density peaks at the fovea , independent of age , yet no net rpe cell loss is detectable.
the rpe monolayer undergoes considerable lifelong re-modeling.
the relationship of cell size and af , a surrogate for lf concentration , is orderly and linear in both groups.
autofluorescence topography differs distinctly from the topography of age-related rod loss.
conclusions : digital maps of quantitative af , cell density , and packing geometry provide metrics for cellular-resolution clinical imaging and model systems.
the uncoupling of rpe lf content , cell number , and photoreceptor topography in aging challenges lf's role in amd.
purpose : we recorded oscillatory potentials ( ops ) to document how age impacts on rod- and cone-driven inner retina function.
raw erg traces ( @number@.1-300 hz ) were filtered ( 75-300 hz ) to measure ops trough-to-peak in the time-amplitude domain.
morlet wavelet transform ( mwt ) allowed documenting ops time-amplitude-frequency distribution from raw traces.
results : under dark adaptation , both methods revealed reduced op amplitudes and prolonged implicit times by @number@ years of age.
the mwt identified a high-frequency band as the main oscillator , which frequency ( 150-155 hz ) was unaffected by age.
under light adaptation , most op peaks were delayed by @number@ years of age.
peak-trough measures yielded inconsistent results in relation to luminance.
by @number@ years , there was a consistent power reduction specific to the low-frequency band.
conclusions : age-related op changes precede those seen with a- ( photoreceptoral ) and b-waves ( postphotoreceptoral ) .
in addition , mwt allows quantifying distinct low- and high-frequency oscillators in the human retina , which complement traditional op analysis methods.
background : subclinical cerebrovascular disease has been associated with multiple adverse events related to aging , including stroke and dementia.
the modifiable risk factors for subclinical cerebrovascular disease beyond hypertension have not been well characterized.
results : of the plasma lipid profile components at the time of enrollment were associated with wmhv.
there were no associations with baseline or change in lipid profile components with sbi.
methods : this is a retrospective cross-sectional study.
we studied @number@ postmenopausal women who visited a health promotion center for a medical checkup.
areal bmd measurements were performed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , and arterial stiffness was measured using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( bapwv ) .
conclusion : postmenopausal women with decreased renal function are more likely to have a decreased bmd and greater arterial stiffness.
graph theory models can produce simple , biologically informative metrics of the topology of resting-state functional connectivity ( fc ) networks.
we quantified @number@ measures of node centrality ( closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality ) to capture the relative importance of individual nodes.
we also quantified @number@ measure of graph entropy ( diversity ) to measure the variability in connection strength ( edge weights ) at each node.
hiv was primarily associated with differences in measures of centrality , and age was primarily associated with differences in diversity.
graph models may allow us to distinguish previously indistinguishable effects related to hiv and age on fc.
adolescence is associated with the onset of puberty , shifts in social and emotional behavior and an increased vulnerability to social anxiety disorder.
these transitions coincide with changes in amygdala response to social and affective stimuli.
puberty and social anxiety did not relate to amygdala activation in response to fearful faces.
furthermore , these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in social anxiety when examining the neural response to social stimuli in adolescents.
a water-soluble formulation of coq10 ( ws-coq10 ) was shown to stabilize mitochondria and prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal death.
presenilin-1 ( ps-1 ) -mutated alzheimer's disease ( ad ) fibroblasts ( psaf ) were used for studying the effects of ps-1 mutation.
treated psaf had higher pcna expression , and lower levels of mnsod , p21 , p16ink4a , and rb.
ws-coq10 caused the resumption of autophagy in psaf.
thus , ws-coq10 as inhibitor of sips and ameliorator of autophagy could be an effective prophylactic / therapeutic agent for ad.
background : hiv is associated with end-organ diseases of aging via unclear mechanisms.
longitudinally assessing how hiv infection and art initiation affect biomarkers of end organ function / disease could clarify these mechanisms.
we investigated longitudinal changes in clinical biomarkers following @number@ ) hiv infection and @number@ ) art initiation with evidence of viral suppression.
methods : cohort : veterans aging cohort study virtual cohort ( vacs vc ) .
inclusion criteria : a negative and successively positive ( > six months ) hiv antibody test.
results : @number@ veterans had at least @number@ biomarker measurement available prior to hiv infection and prior to art initiation.
@number@ had at least @number@ biomarker measurement available prior to hiv infection and after art initiation with evidence of viral suppression.
mean age prior to hiv infection was @number@ years.
these changes occurred without significant changes in bmi.
conclusions : hiv infection is associated with longitudinal changes in serum levels of several biomarkers of end-organ function / disease and mortality.
these results give insights into underlying mechanisms of increased risk for aging-related chronic diseases in the context of hiv infection.
complicated protocols that increase participant burden , overly restrictive entry criteria , the fear of an sle flare may also affect enrollment in sle trials.
purpose : to analyze choroidal sub-layers and vascular diameter in children , and to compare these choroidal features with those of adults.
design : retrospective observational study.
methods : this study included @number@ eyes from @number@ healthy children and @number@ eyes from @number@ healthy adults.
the subfoveal choroidal thickness , large choroidal vessel layer thickness , medium choroidal vessel layer-choriocapillaris layer thickness , and large choroidal vessel diameter were estimated.
the ratio of thickness of the large choroidal vessel layer to total choroidal thickness was calculated.
furthermore , the ratio and choroidal vascular diameter were compared between children and adults.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ± @number@ years in children and in adults , respectively.
in children , the mean ratio was @number@ ± @number@ and the mean choroidal vascular diameter was @number@ ± @number@ μm.
in adults , the values were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ μm , respectively.
the choroidal vascular diameter was significantly greater in adults than in children ( p < @number@ ) .
however , the ratio was not different between the @number@ groups ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : choroidal morphologic features are generally comparable between children and adults.
some differences between the @number@ groups may reflect changes in choroidal morphology associated with aging.
background : herb mixtures are used as alternatives to hormone therapy in china for the treatment of partial androgen deficiency in aging men.
however , the compositions of these herb mixtures are complex and their mechanisms are often unknown.
methods : aged wistar rats were administered with heshouwuyin.
a shouwu pill group and young group were used as controls.
results : morphology , chemiluminescence , fluorescence immunohistochemistry , and western blot showed that the epididymal sperm of naturally aged rats had intact plasma membranes.
heshouwuyin significantly improved sperm function and serum testosterone levels , and improved testicular morphology.
moreover , the curative efficacy of heshouwuyin after @number@ days was better than that of heshouwuyin after @number@ days and the shouwu pill group.
conclusion : heshouwuyin exerts an important role in controlling testosterone secretion and sperm function.
an inverse relationship between educational level and dementia has been reported in several studies.
in this study we investigated the relationship between educational level and dementia related deaths for cohorts of people all born during 1915-39.
the cohorts were followed up from adulthood or old age , taking into account possible confounders and mediating paths.
the study included @number@ participants , @number@ million person years and @number@ dementia related deaths.
cox regression was used to assess the association between education and dementia related deaths.
however , when follow-up started at old age ( 70-80 years ) there was no significant association between education and dementia related death.
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) is a severe psychiatric illness that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
despite advances in the treatment of major depression , one-third of depressed patients fail to respond to conventional antidepressant medication.
one pathophysiologic mechanism hypothesized to contribute to treatment resistance in depression is inflammation.
however , the pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be further elucidated.
this review focusses on recent studies addressing the complex relationships between depression , aging , inflammation and perfusion deficits in the elderly.
results : serum concentrations of testosterone increased gradually with age by both methods.
support provided through home care services may be useful in attaining a more efficient and higher quality care for ckd patients.
methods : a systematic review was performed to identify studies examining home care interventions among adult ckd patients incorporating all outcomes.
studies with only a home training intervention and those without an applied research component were excluded.
study settings included nine single hospital / dialysis centers and three regional / metropolitan areas and five were at the national level.
studies primarily focused on nurse assisted home care patients and mostly examined pd related clinical outcomes.
in pd studies with comparators , peritonitis risks and technique survival rates were similar across home care assisted patients and comparators.
the risk of mortality , however , was higher for home care assisted pd patients.
conclusions : most studies focused on nurse assisted home care patients on dialysis.
the majority were single site studies incorporating small patient populations.
there are gaps in the literature regarding the utility of providing home care to ckd patients and the impact this has on healthcare resources.
accumulation of genome rearrangements is a characteristic of aged tissues.
the non-homologous end joining ( nhej ) pathway repairs a majority of dsbs in vertebrates.
in this model , nhej repair of dsbs generated by the site-specific endonuclease , i-scei , reconstitutes a functional gfp gene.
in this system nhej efficiency can be compared across tissues of the same mouse and in mice of different age.
furthermore , we observed that nhej efficiency declined with age.
peptides and proteins play an important role in skin health and well-being.
they are also found to contribute to skin aging and melanogenesis.
microneedles have been shown to substantially enhance skin penetration and may offer an effective means of peptide delivery enhancement.
the aim of this investigation was to assess the influence of microneedles on the skin penetration of peptides using fluorescence imaging to determine skin distribution.
confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to image fluorescence intensity and the area of penetration of fluorescently tagged peptides.
penetration studies were conducted on excised full thickness human skin in franz type diffusion cells for @number@ and @number@ hours.
a @number@ to @number@ fold signal improvement in microneedle enhanced delivery of melanostatin , rigin and pal-kttks was observed.
to our knowledge this is the first description of microneedle enhanced skin permeation studies on these peptides.
results demonstrate that advantaged circumstances during childhood are associated with lower levels of labour market disadvantage and higher quality of life in older ages.
aging is associated with a decline in immune function.
our aim in this study was to investigate how lymphocyte subgroups in peripheral blood are affected by aging among males and females.
material / methods : study participants were @number@ healthy individuals from @number@ different age groups , observed from @date@ to @date@ .
aging significantly reduces activated b cell ( cd19 + / cd69 + ) levels in males ( p < 0.005 ) .
conclusions : our results show that there may be differences between males and females in terms of immune senescence.
background : there are currently no published reports of dementia prevalence or factors associated with dementia occurrence in bangladesh.
methods : we used data from a population-based , cross-sectional study from matlab , in rural bangladesh , on @number@ persons aged 60 + years.
participants underwent a clinical examination including diagnosis of somatic disorders , and a structured interview including questions about sociodemographic and social factors.
nutritional status was measured with the mini nutritional assessment , and blood tests were conducted to assess a range of nutritional and clinical aspects.
age- and sex-specific dementia prevalence was calculated.
crude and adjusted logistic regression was used to examine associations between dementia and clinical , social , and nutritional factors.
dementia was diagnosed using a two-step procedure by physicians according to dsm-iv criteria.
results : the prevalence of questionable dementia was @percent@ and definite dementia was @percent@.
malnutrition is strongly associated with dementia occurrence , and is a relevant area for future research within low-income countries.
the integrity of our genetic material is under constant attack from numerous endogenous and exogenous agents.
here we attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the consequences of genomic instability in the nervous system.
objectives : we examined the roles of utilitarian and recreational walking in relation to occurrence of outdoor falls in older adults.
neighborhood socioeconomic status ( ses ) indicators were assessed at census block group level.
results : .
lower neighborhood ses indicators were associated with more utilitarian walking and higher rates of falls on sidewalks , streets , and curbs.
falls on sidewalks and streets were more likely to result in an injury than were falls in recreational areas.
conclusions : .
improving the safety of walking environments in areas where older adults shop and do other errands of necessity is an important component of fall prevention.
the physiological importance of h₂s is motivating efforts to develop strategies for modulating its levels.
circadian rhythms are generated by an intrinsic cellular mechanism that controls a large array of physiological and metabolic processes.
importantly , environmental conditions are thought to modulate the aging process.
for example , caloric restriction is a very strong environmental effector capable of delaying aging.
intracellular pathways implicating nutrient sensors , such as sirts and mtor complexes , impinge on cellular and epigenetic mechanisms that control the aging process.
strikingly , accumulating evidences indicate that these pathways are involved in both the modulation of the aging process and the control of the clock.
hence , innovative therapeutic strategies focused at controlling the circadian clock and the nutrient sensing pathways might beneficially influence the negative effects of aging.
background : a considerable amount of research has been published about genetic hearing impairment.
fifty to sixty percent of hearing loss is thought to have a genetic cause.
genes may also play a significant role in acquired hearing loss due to aging , noise exposure , or ototoxic medications.
between @number@ and @number@ over @number@ causative genes have been identified for syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of hereditary hearing loss.
behavior often does not reveal the inner ear deficit.
many of the examples presented are also known to cause human disorders.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) mutations cause neurological and multisystem disease.
somatic ( acquired ) mtdna mutations are also associated with degenerative diseases and with normal human ageing.
given this effect of nrti therapy on mtdna replication , it is plausible that nrti treatment may also lead to increased mtdna mutations.
finally , we discuss the possible implications for hiv-infected persons , with particular reference to ageing.
targeting cancer metabolism is a potential alternative strategy to counteract tumour growth and recurrence.
in conclusion , we suggest that inhibition of glycolysis may be a potentially effective strategy to target bcscs.
functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) provides a unique view of the working human mind.
however , the field remains conflicted over the relative importance of each process , while key spatiotemporal features of bold response remain unexplained.
the effect of such practices has been investigated in previous imaging studies but limited to cerebral neural activity.
here , for the first time , we studied the impact of these practices on the spinal neural activity of experts and novices.
subjects performed iaa tasks with and without a deep and constant breathing pattern in two sessions.
background : musculoskeletal conditions and insufficient physical activity have substantial personal and economic costs among contemporary aging societies.
methods : a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in three ambulatory hospital clinics for musculoskeletal disorders.
results : the majority of patients ( n = 115 , @percent@ ) reported two or more comorbidities.
conclusion : older patients were more frequently affected by undesirable clinical attributes of comorbidity , obesity , and physical inactivity.
however , findings from this investigation are compelling for the care of patients of all ages.
methods : there were @number@ cognitively normal aging subjects included in this study.
apoe genotypes were analyzed and biochemical parameters were tested.
correlations of serum levels of glucose , total cholesterol , and triglycerides with apoe genotypes were assessed.
results : e2 , e3 , and e4 allele frequencies were found to be @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
serum levels of total cholesterol were higher in the apoe e4 group ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : a higher serum level of total cholesterol was significantly correlated with apoe e4 status in a cognitively normal , nondiabetic aging population.
however , there was no correlation between apoe genotypes and serum levels of glucose or total triglycerides.
this paper analyzes its conceptual framework , measurement mode , psychometric properties , and merits and problems.
method : all articles discussing the psychometric properties and factor structure of the npi were searched for in medline via ovid.
the abstracts of these papers were read to determine their relevance to the purpose of this paper.
if deemed appropriate , a full paper was then obtained and read.
results : the npi has reasonably good content validity and internal consistency , and good test-retest and interrater reliability.
there is limited information about its sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values , and , in particular , responsiveness.
merits of the npi include being comprehensive , avoiding symptom overlap , ease of use , and flexibility.
the use of individual subscales also warrants further investigation.
the tool is most likely unable to deliver as good a performance in terms of discriminating between different disorders.
more studies are required to further evaluate its psychometric properties , particularly in the areas of factor structure and responsiveness.
the clinical utility of the npi also needs to be further explored.
we prospectively investigated the efficacy of an anticholinergic or antidiuretic agent as add-on therapy for nocturia in men previously treated with an alpha-blocker for luts.
subjects and methods : patients were randomly subdivided into two groups.
all patients had a 4-week washout.
in both groups , patients were subdivided into nocturnal polyuria , decreased nocturnal bladder capacity ( nbc ) , or nocturia by both causes subgroups.
results : a total of @number@ patients completed the study.
during treatment , the changes from baseline in total ipss and ipss sub-scores were significantly decreased at @number@ weeks and were maintained for @number@ weeks.
conclusion : an anticholinergic agent or antidiuretic agent as an add-on therapy in men previously treated with an alpha-blocker improves nocturia including luts.
in primary progressive aphasia ( ppa ) , speech and language difficulties are caused by neurodegeneration of specific brain networks.
we hypothesized that damage to these tracts would be specific to nfvppa and would correlate with differential aspects of the patients ' fluency abilities.
we prospectively studied @number@ ppa and @number@ healthy individuals who underwent extensive cognitive testing and @number@ t mri.
we extracted tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) metrics to assess changes across ppa variants and perform brain-behavioral correlations.
significant wm changes in the left intrafrontal and frontostriatal pathways were found in nfvppa , but not in the semantic or logopenic variants.
these findings emphasize the emerging role of diffusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
excitatory and inhibitory balance of neuronal network activity is essential for normal brain function and may be of particular importance to memory.
in both conditions , the transplanted cells developed into mature interneurons , functionally integrated into the hippocampal circuitry , and restored normal learning and memory.
iron deficiency is frequent in elderly population and is responsable for numerous clinical situations.
for the last ten years , new biomarkers of iron physiology lead to better understand physiology and pathophysiology of iron metabolism particularly in iron deficiency.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with alterations in the distribution , number , and size of inputs to hippocampal neurons.
moreover , the number of axonal boutons that synapse with multiple spines is significantly reduced in the transgenic mice.
background : gait speed provides an integrated measure of physical ability that is predictive of morbidity , disability , and mortality in older adults.
energy demands associated with walking suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics may play a role in gait speed.
gait speeds were calculated from a fast-paced @number@ m walk test.
respiratory control ratios were measured from mitochondria isolated from leg skeletal muscle biopsies from one subset.
maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity were measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the other subset.
conclusions : the bioenergetic profile of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle is associated with gait speed in older adults.
blood-based bioenergetic profiling is also associated with gait speed and may provide an alternative measure of mitochondrial function.
serrated pathway polyps are a relatively new area of interest in the field of colorectal cancer screening and prevention.
early epidemiological studies of hyperplastic polyps were performed without knowledge of the serrated pathway and likely included a mixture of sps.
sps share some risk factors with conventional adenomas and have been associated with tobacco use , obesity , and age.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( nsaid ) use , fiber , folic acid , and calcium have been associated with reduced risk of sps.
higher education has also been associated with risk of ssas , while an inverse association between nsaid use and ssas has been reported.
risk factors for traditional serrated adenomas are largely unknown.
studies are largely limited by varying inclusion criteria , as well as differences in pathological classification schemes.
further epidemiological studies of sps are needed to aid in risk stratification and screening , and etiological research.
background : gastric cancer ( gc ) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide , with overall 5-year survival less than @percent@.
however , limited data exist investigating ethnic disparities in stage-specific gc incidence and survival in the usa.
aim : to evaluate ethnicity-specific differences in gc incidence and survival in the usa.
ethnic disparities in survival were evaluated using kaplan-meier and multivariate cox proportional hazards models.
in addition , asians had the highest survival of all race groups ( 3-year survival : @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
outlining high-risk groups may inform potential screening practices and physician awareness for gc.
lineage or cell of origin of cancers is often unknown and thus is not a consideration in therapeutic approaches.
alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ( arms ) is an aggressive childhood cancer for which the cell of origin remains debated.
we reveal that lineage of origin significantly influences tumor histomorphology and sensitivity to targeted therapeutics.
in the third phase , attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases.
in the final analytical phase , the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated.
we used data from the @number@ cancer registries ( across @number@ countries ) that provided continuous incidence and good quality data from @number@ to @number@
findings : we analysed @number@ @number@ cases.
survival increased slightly in southern europe , more in the uk , and conspicuously in northern , central , and eastern europe.
however , eastern european survival was lower than that for other regions.
interpretation : these trends are encouraging.
widespread use of new and more effective treatment probably explains much of the increased survival.
however , the persistent differences in survival across europe suggest variations in the quality of care and availability of the new treatments.
funding : compagnia di san paolo , fondazione cariplo , european commission , and italian ministry of health.
future clinical applications will focus on monitoring response to cancer therapy , whereas tumor detection will be limited to organs with high physiologic 18f-fdg uptake.
use and interpretation of 18f-flt requires knowledge of the physiologic tracer distribution and how it will be affected by anticancer treatment.
methods : sixteen young controls , @number@ older adults and @number@ tbi patients underwent the homes test and traditional tests.
purpose : blue-yellow visual-evoked potentials ( by-veps ) may be used for diagnostics of functional ganglion cell damage in glaucoma and other ocular diseases.
in this study we investigated the impact of lenticular opacities on by- and standard pattern reversal veps by examining patients before and after cataract surgery.
methods : eighteen patients with moderate cataract were included in a prospective study.
veps were acquired before ( @number@ ± @number@ days ) and after cataract surgery ( @number@ ± @number@ days ) .
the contralateral eye was used as a control.
results : amplitude and latency of m1 and m2 peaks did not change significantly from before to after surgery.
no significant changes were found in the contralateral eye.
conclusions : the by-vep is sensitive to lenticular opacities of the human lens , presumably due to the increased short-wavelength absorption in the aging eye.
this fact should be considered when applying by-veps for diagnostics.
introduction : social cognition refers to mental processes that operate in situations of social interaction and facilitate adjustment and functioning in such scenarios.
aim : to study the empathic response in two groups of older people and their relationship to emotional intelligence and moral judgment.
results.
in all other variables , no statistically significant differences were found.
conclusions : the results show the absence of a generalized deficit in social cognition in the elderly sample evaluated.
the incidence of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has clearly increased in recent years.
it is likely to be correlated with the aging population and with the growing association with vascular diseases.
in italy , there are different registers of dialysis and transplantation , providing an excellent means of monitoring patients in substitution treatment.
on the contrary , few material is in our possession regarding ckd patients on conservative therapy.
therefore it lacks a necessary mean to implement mechanisms of prevention and programming for a disease that increasingly shows significant social - health consequences.
mitral annular calcification is a degenerative process.
it is mostly asymptomatic.
as the calcification becomes more extensive it might be mistaken for an intracardiac tumour.
mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular events , cardiovascular death and overall death.
it is predictive of a doubling of the stroke risk.
extensive mitral annular calcification may undergo liquefaction.
surgery is seldom needed.
johns hopkins university has been offering medical students a summer experience of mentored research , research training , and clinical shadowing since @number@
long-term outcomes of this program have not been described.
the authors also conducted google and other online searches to supplement study findings.
thirty-seven percent of those who have completed training are now in academic medicine , and program participants have authored or coauthored @number@ manuscripts.
this program may help to build commitment among medical students to choose careers in aging.
whether a reduced perception of self-motion contributes to poor walking speed adaptations in older adults is unknown.
participants were evaluated while viewing a virtual corridor in a helmet-mounted display.
speed discrimination thresholds were determined using a staircase procedure.
for each speed , participants were instructed to match the self-motion speed described by the moving corridor.
on the walking task , participants displayed smaller walking speed errors at comfortable walking speeds compared with slower of faster speeds.
the young-old adults presented larger speed discrimination thresholds ( perceptual experiment ) and larger walking speed errors ( walking experiment ) compared with young adults.
larger walking speed errors were associated with higher discrimination thresholds.
purpose of review : studies on collaborative and multidisciplinary approaches to the management of hypertension published in the past @number@ years are summarized.
summary : our findings support recent efforts to integrate collaborative care approaches into chronic disease management , with the strongest evidence for pharmacist care.
expanding scopes of practice and clinical decision-making protocols for nurses , pharmacists , dietitians , and physiotherapists have the potential to further improve hypertension care.
context : several studies have evidenced the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and cognitive impairment in the elderly.
objective : our aim was to investigate the effect of long-term tsh suppression on the cognitive function of elderly patients with dtc.
major outcome measure : comprehensive cognitive domains were compared between the patient and control groups.
the association between serum thyroid hormone concentration and cognitive function was investigated.
results : the patient group had higher serum free t4 levels and suppressed tsh levels compared with the control group.
all assessed neuropsychiatric tests were comparable in both groups.
in the control group , serum free t4 and tsh levels were not associated with any of the assessed cognitive domains.
conclusion : our results demonstrated the safety of long-term tsh suppression on the cognitive function in elderly dtc patients.
bone has a high potential for endogenous self-repair.
however , due to population aging , human diseases with impaired bone regeneration are on the rise.
current strategies to facilitate bone healing include various biomolecules , cellular therapies , biomaterials and different combinations of these.
animal models for testing novel regenerative therapies remain the gold standard in pre-clinical phases of drug discovery and development.
despite improvements in animal experimentation , excessive poorly designed animal studies with inappropriate endpoints and inaccurate conclusions are being conducted.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "stem cells and bone \ ".
purpose of review : chronic sarcoidosis is a complex disease with numerous comorbid conditions and can be fatal in some cases.
recognizing causes of morbidity and mortality is important to effectively select treatments , manage symptoms and improve outcomes.
the purpose of this review is to examine emerging knowledge on morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis.
recent findings : approximately 1-5% of patients with sarcoidosis die from complications of sarcoidosis.
recent population studies indicate that mortality may be increasing over the past decade.
the reasons behind these trends are unclear , but could include increasing incidence , detection rates , severity of disease or age of the population.
morbidity of sarcoidosis is reflected by a trend of increased hospitalizations over recent years and increased use of healthcare resources.
morbidity can be caused by organ damage from granulomatous inflammation , treatment complications and psychosocial effects of the disease.
recent studies are focused on morbidity related to cardiopulmonary complications , bone health and ageing within the sarcoidosis population.
last , sarcoidosis is associated with autoimmune diseases , pulmonary embolism and malignancy ; however , the underlying mechanisms linking diseases continue to be debated.
summary : morbidity in sarcoidosis is significant and multifactorial.
mortality is infrequent , but may be increasing over the years.
few studies have compared the phenomenological properties of younger and older adults ' memories for emotional events.
one problem with previous studies is a tendency to treat emotion as a dichotomous variable.
the present study investigated different properties of autobiographical remembering as a function of discrete emotions and age.
these results are discussed within the context of socioemotional selectivity theory.
face verification , though an easy task for humans , is a long-standing open research area.
this paper investigates human and machine performance for recognizing / verifying disguised faces.
performance is also evaluated under familiarity and match / mismatch with the ethnicity of observers.
the findings of this study are used to develop an automated algorithm to verify the faces presented under disguise variations.
we use automatically localized feature descriptors which can identify disguised face patches and account for this information to achieve improved matching accuracy.
the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm can outperform a popular commercial system and evaluates them against humans in matching disguised face images.
results : during the study period , @number@ cases of aids were reported among people @number@ years of age or over.
there was a predominance of males ( 205 / 66 , @percent@ ) , mixed race , and low education levels.
the municipalities with populations above @number@ thousand inhabitants reported @percent@ of the cases.
in some locations the risk of disease was @number@ times greater than the relative risk for the state.
objectives : we evaluated the effect of long-term exposure to black carbon on levels and rates of decline in lung function in the elderly.
methods : fvc and fev1 were measured one to six times during the period 1995-2011 in @number@ men participating in the normative aging study.
exposure to black carbon , a tracer of traffic emissions , was estimated by a spatiotemporal land use regression model.
we investigated the effects of moving averages of black carbon of 1-5 years before the lung function measurement using linear mixed models.
these two territories include the building where older people reside and the area immediately surrounding the building.
background : some practitioners have criticized the unpredictable retention associated with autologous fat transfer.
potential causes of variations in predictability include intrinsic ( patient-related ) or extrinsic factors , such as harvesting , processing , and graft-delivery technique.
the authors compared the findings with data from their previous study of centrifuge-processed fat grafts ( historical controls ) .
conclusions : autologous fat processed by closed-membrane filtration had a significantly higher long-term retention rate than did centrifuged-processed fat injected by the same surgeons.
level of evidence : @number@
background : frail older people are at high risk of developing adverse outcomes , such as disability , mortality , hospitalization , and institutionalization.
previous research suggests that the tilburg frailty indicator ( tfi ) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring frailty.
the aim of this study was to adapt and to test the reliability of the polish version of the tfi.
method : a standard guideline was used for translation and cultural adaptation of the english version of the tfi into polish.
the study included @number@ polish patients ( mean age @number@.2±6.5 years ) , among them @number@ men and @number@ women.
cronbach's alpha was used for analysis of the internal consistency of the tfi.
results : the mean total tfi score was @number@.7±3.1.
forty patients scored ≥5 , which corresponded to being frail.
cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of the instrument ranged from @number@ to @number@ and item-total correlation ranged from @number@ to @number@
conclusion : the tfi is valid and reproducible for assessment of frailty syndrome among a polish population.
the polish adaptation of the tfi proved a useful and fast tool for assessing frailty.
for @number@ weeks , treated groups received personal training in their respective programs.
for dafs , change from baseline immediately postintervention was @number@ ( p < 0.001 ) , although retention was not as strong.
neither the attention nor the no-treatment control groups had significant gains immediately postintervention or at follow-up assessments.
post hoc across-group comparison of baseline change also highlights the benefits of real training.
implications : real improves skills in everyday problem solving , which may allow al residents to maintain self-care and extend al residency.
this benefit is particularly important given the growing population of al residents at risk for cognitive and self-care decline.
objective : depressive disorders have been associated with increased risk for aging-related diseases , possibly as a consequence of accelerated cellular aging.
late-life depression was established using a diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition-based structured psychiatric interview.
leukocyte tl , expressed in base pairs ( bp ) , was determined in fasting blood samples by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
conclusion : late-life depression was not associated with increased cellular aging.
background : reactive oxygen species production is the final step in skin aging.
these unstable molecules can damage and destroy dna , proteins , and membrane phospholipids.
nac alone and a solution of nac and amino acids together , used in aesthetic medicine as intradermal injection treatment , were tested.
results : all genes were upregulated after @number@ h of treatment.
conclusions : an interesting effect of gene induction by administration of nac and amino acids in vitro was demonstrated.
rhytidectomy alone often fails to achieve a patient's expected goals , which is why there is a high demand for adjunct laser skin treatment.
the undermined skin was treated with a fractional laser using different energies depending on the type of skin.
patients were evaluated at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days after the operation.
at the last evaluation patients completed a specific questionnaire about satisfaction.
@number@ % of patients were extremely satisfied , @number@ % were satisfied , and only @number@ % were unsatisfied.
translational research programs offer incredible opportunities to bring cutting edge science into clinical practice.
to facilitate these medical advances , funding agencies are increasingly focusing on a translational \ "payoff \ " within grant applications and larger programs.
as this is the underlying promise of biomedical research-delivering advances to public health to improve the quality of life-such strategic initiatives are paramount.
however , the process of taking experimental observations between model systems and human subjects can be extraordinarily frustrating.
we brought together the collective expertise of our mouse and human immunology research programs to reverse engineer a clinical observation into a mouse model system.
we report here on what worked , what didn't , and what we learned along the way.
however , due to safety and standardization issues , this approach never entered extensive clinical trials.
in the present study , we investigated the usage of dna vaccines as an alternative to mk2-23 mab immunization.
two alternative mk2-23 plasmids format v h / v l , and v l / v h were assembled.
notably , mk2-23 scfv dna vaccines impaired the onset and growth of transplantable b16 melanoma cells not engineered to express hmw-maa.
the authors sought to examine the clinical efficacy , complication rate , and cost-effectiveness of rhbmp-2 use in elderly patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery.
evidence acquisition : we conducted a systematic review of the published literature for elderly patients that underwent spinal fusion surgery with the use of rhbmp-2.
evidence synthesis : twenty-five papers were identified that met our inclusion criteria.
conclusions : the literature demonstrated that bmp serves as a potent osteoinductive agent in the elderly with similar efficacy to bone autograft.
future studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of the complications encountered in elderly patients treated with rhbmp-2.
future research can assist in developing recommendations which can minimize these risks in the elderly patient demographic.
neurologic problems may include seizures of different types , such as febrile , generalized tonic-clonic , focal , and absence seizures.
no peculiar eeg features have been associated with 22q13 deletion syndrome to date.
they underwent a complete general and neurologic examinations.
the eeg study consisted of at least one awake and one nap-sleep video-eeg recordings and evaluation of other eegs performed elsewhere.
methods : a retrospective analysis of @number@ men over @number@ was carried out and group comparisons were made.
the detection rate at the femoral neck was similar to the overall detection rate.
sensitivities of osta index at a cutoff value of @number@ and @number@ were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively , and the specificities were @percent@ and @percent@.
conclusion : bmds at femoral neck and total hip decrease with age.
detection rates of op increase with age.
bilateral femoral neck bmd measurement can improve detection rates of op.
osta is a useful screening tool for op in han chinese men over @number@ years.
objective : to assess the effectiveness of non-equipment based rehabilitation interventions for older adults with an age-related hearing or visual impairment.
data sources : we searched pubmed , embase , psychinfo , cinahl , and the cochrane central register of controlled trials.
review methods : two authors independently assessed trial eligibility , extracted data and assessed methodological quality.
meta-analyses were undertaken for the primary outcomes : emotional status , functional status , self-efficacy and social participation.
all studies were categorized into @number@ subgroups of intervention approaches ( cognitive restructuring , education , and problem-solving ) , and subgroup analysis was performed.
methodological quality of the studies was modest.
eight studies offered data for meta-analysis.
no significant effects in favour of interventions on either emotional or functional status , self-efficacy , or social participation were found.
in the subgroup analysis , only the problem-solving approach showed a positive effect on emotional status.
conclusions : this review found no effects of non-equipment based rehabilitation interventions on emotional and functional status , self-efficacy , and social participation.
however , subgroup analysis showed problem-solving as a potential effective approach for positively affecting emotional status.
a rare heterozygous trem2 variant p.r47h ( rs75932628 ) has been associated with an increased risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we used @number@ different design matrices with a full factorial design.
voxel-based morphometry analyses were performed separately in the @number@ sample sets.
the absence of interset statistical differences allowed us to perform joint and conjunction analyses.
@number@ subjects - including @number@ with vh and @number@ without vh - were selected from the arizona study of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
clinical variables examined included the mini-mental state exam , hoehn & yahr stage , and total dopaminergic medication dose.
neuropathological variables examined included total and regional lts and plaque and tangle densities.
results : a significant relationship was found between the density of lts and the presence of vh in pd , ad , and dlb.
conclusion : these findings suggest that both ad and pd neuropathology contribute to the pathogenesis of vh.
incident vh could be predictive of concomitant ad / pd pathology even when criteria are not met for a second diagnosis.
between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects.
our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33 , to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
it is expected that serum protein biomarkers in duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) will reflect disease pathogenesis , progression and aid future therapy developments.
here , we describe use of quantitative in vivo stable isotope labeling in mammals to accurately compare serum proteomes of wild-type and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.
decreased proteins , mostly of extracellular origin , included adiponectin , lumican , plasminogen and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.
it is well established that genotype plays an important role in the ageing process.
however , recent studies have suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may also influence the onset of ageing-associated diseases and longevity.
epigenetics is defined as processes that induce heritable changes in gene expression without a change in the dna nucleotide sequence.
the major epigenetic mechanisms are dna methylation , histone modification and non-coding rna.
such processes are involved in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression , cell differentiation and genomic imprinting.
however , epigenetic dysregulation is frequently seen with ageing.
relatively little is known about the factors that initiate such changes.
the prevalence of aortic stenosis is increasing due to aging of the general population.
transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) is an alternative for surgical aortic valve replacement ( avr ) for high-risk patients.
the comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) is a tool used to detect frailty.
interpretation of these measurements relies on the availability of appropriate reference equations.
we developed gender-specific , age-dependent reference values of bone density for central european children.
these values must be compared to an adequate reference population.
the aim of the present study was to create reference equations of radial speed of sound ( sos ) for central european children and adolescents.
neither the reported level of physical activity nor additional sport nor self-reported calcium intake influenced the reference equations.
progeria is characterized by clinical features that mimic premature ageing.
although the mutation responsible for this syndrome has been deciphered , the mechanism of its action remains elusive.
objective : previous studies have demonstrated an association between cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection and mortality in adults.
in this prospective study , it was investigated whether these findings could be confirmed in the oldest old.
methodology : data obtained from a prospective observational cohort study ( 2008-2012 ) of @number@ community-dwelling persons in belgium aged @number@ and older.
after a median time of follow-up of @number@ days , @number@ deaths occurred.
cox proportional hazard models failed to show an association between cmv serostatus and all-cause mortality.
this is probably the result of a survival effect.
cmv seropositive subjects with high anti-cmv titres were at higher risk for all-cause mortality compared with other individuals.
this may reflect cmv infection reactivation to be more common in the end stages of life.
periodontal disease is related to aging , smoking habits , diabetes mellitus , and systemic inflammation.
however , there remains limited evidence about causality from intervention studies.
an effective diet for prevention of periodontal disease has not been well established.
the current study was an intervention study examining the effects of a high-fiber , low-fat diet on periodontal disease markers in high-risk subjects.
forty-seven volunteers were interviewed for recruitment into the study.
four hundred twenty-five teeth from @number@ subjects were analyzed.
context : dtd is a chinese herb prescription used for centuries to treat atherosclerosis or dizziness.
previous studies show that dtd could inhibit icam-1 expression induced by tnf-α.
however , its mechanism has never been clearly described.
objective : to examine the hypothesis that dtd might inhibit tnf-α-induced icam-1 expression through regulating the expression of p53 and p21.
huvecs were cultured and stimulated by tnf-α with or without dtd serum ( @number@ @number@ and @percent@ ) .
the expression of icam-1 mrna was examined by rt-pcr and the expression of p53 and p21 was examined by western blot analysis.
in western blot , tnf-α-induced the expression of p53 and was inhibited from @number@ to @percent@ , by dtd serum in a concentration-dependent manner.
tnf-α-induced expression of p21 was inhibited from @number@ to @percent@ , by dtd serum in a concentration-dependent manner.
discussion and conclusion : dtd has a function of \ "dissolving phlegm \ " , thus it is chosen for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
this study demonstrated that dtd could significantly inhibit the expression of icam-1 , p53 and p21 , which are important factors of atherosclerosis.
therefore , the present study indicates the pharmacological basis for treatment of atherosclerosis with dtd.
of particular significance is the support and friendship the women offer each other through their commonalities , activities , and sense of humor.
the predictive power of such longitudinal models will always be limited by the reproducibility of repeated measures acquired during different sessions.
the diffusion metrics from multiple subjects and sessions at each site were aligned to their common white matter skeleton using tract-based spatial statistics.
white matter b0 snr reproducibility was on average @number@ ± @percent@ with no significant mri site effects.
whole brain analysis resulted in no significant test-retest differences at any of the sites with any of the dti metrics.
we therefore show that the acquisition and analysis protocols used are appropriate for multi-site experimental scenarios.
the vte was used to morph the standardized parcellation map of the jhu-neonate-ss atlas to capture the anatomical features of a study population.
a pronounced increase in the accuracy of cortical parcellation and superior tensor alignment were observed when the customized template was used.
with the customized atlas-based analysis , the fractional anisotropy ( fa ) detected closely approximated the manual measurements.
this tool provides a solution for achieving normalization-based measurements with increased accuracy , while reporting scientific findings in a consistent framework.
physical exercise and fitness have been proposed as potential factors that promote healthy cognitive aging.
some of the support for this hypothesis has come from animal research.
animal studies are also used to propose the physiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive performance improvement associated with exercise.
for practical reasons , several animal studies use young rodents kept in social isolation.
surprisingly , two months or more of exercise intervention appeared to be ineffective to promote cognitive performance compared to shorter durations.
it is possible that the introduction of exercise in rodents is partly mediated by environmental changes.
it may explain why larger effects are observed for the shorter durations of exercise while much smaller effects are found after longer periods of exercise.
background : the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 genotype is associated with an increased risk of alzheimer's disease.
in community surveys , older adults with this genotype have been found to have lower scores on neuropsychological tests than those who do not.
it is possible that this is the consequence of subclinical changes in cognition in those persons who later develop dementia.
when those participants known to have developed dementia during the follow-up period were excluded from the analysis of the baseline data these differences disappeared.
objective : we examined whether a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ( ppar-γ ) agonist , pioglitazone , suppresses coronary spasm.
background : patients with coronary spastic angina ( csa ) also have endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
activation of ppar-γ improves endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
clinical and laboratory data were also examined before and after @number@ months of follow-up and the results between the two groups were compared.
coronary spasm was thus significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group ( p = 0.011 ) .
conclusion : pioglitazone added on ccbs significantly reduced coronary spasm compared with ccbs alone after @number@ months of treatment.
pioglitazone may thus prove to be a novel therapy for coronary spasm.
postsynaptic scaffolding proteins regulate coordinated neurotransmission by anchoring and clustering receptors and adhesion molecules.
here , we identified palmitoylation of gephyrin as an important mechanism of strengthening gabaergic synaptic transmission , which is regulated by gabaar activity.
we mapped palmitoylation to cys212 and cys284 , which are critical for both association of gephyrin with the postsynaptic membrane and gephyrin clustering.
we identified dhhc-12 as the principal palmitoyl acyltransferase that palmitoylates gephyrin.
furthermore , gephyrin pamitoylation potentiated gabaergic synaptic transmission , as evidenced by an increased amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents.
consistently , inhibiting gephyrin palmitoylation either pharmacologically or by expression of palmitoylation-deficient gephyrin reduced the gephyrin cluster size.
in aggregate , our study reveals that palmitoylation of gephyrin by dhhc-12 contributes to dynamic and functional modulation of gabaergic synapses.
the low level of chronic immune activation persisting during cart-treated hiv infection is associated with the development of diseases which usually occur in the elderly.
on passive blocks subjects rested and ignored the sounds.
objective : to examine the relationship between measures of sleep quality and the presence of commonly encountered comorbid and sociodemographic conditions in elderly black subjects.
pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) measured overall sleep pattern and quality.
self-reported and objective measures of physical and mental health data and demographic information were collected for all participants.
results : sociodemographic and comorbid health factors were significantly associated with sleep quality.
results from regression analyses revealed that older age , current financial strain , interpersonal problems , and stress were unique predictors of worse sleep quality.
sleep duration was significantly correlated with age , depressive affect , interpersonal problems , and stress ; only age was a unique significant predictor.
conclusions : several potential mechanisms may explain poor sleep in urban , community dwelling blacks.
perceived stressors , including current financial hardship or hardship experienced for an extended time period throughout the lifespan , may influence sleep later in life.
are cofilin rods / aggregates found in the same neurites as hyperphosphorylated tau ?
results : the presence of cofilin rods / aggregates correlated with the extent of tau pathology independent of patient age.
densities of rods / aggregates were fourfold greater in ad compared with aged-matched control brains and rods / aggregates were significantly larger in ad brain.
we did not find evidence for our hypothesis that intracellular cofilin rods are localized to tau-positive neuropil threads.
conclusion : cofilin rods and aggregates signify events initiated early in the pathological cascade.
further definition of the mechanisms leading to their formation in the human brain will provide insights into the cellular causes of ad.
preliminary analyses were conducted to examine the utility in distinguishing ad from non-ad neurological disease ( parkinson's disease , pd ) .
serum samples were analyzed from @number@ pd cases and compared to a random sample of @number@ ad cases and @number@ controls.
support vector machines ( svm ) were used to discriminate pd versus ad versus controls.
human and ad mouse model microvessel images were quantified with hamamatsu imaging software.
mouse serum biomarkers were assayed via msd.
this multi-marker approach was then validated across species and tissue.
assay of the top proteins in human and ad mouse model brain microvessels correctly classified 90-100% of the samples.
svm analyses were highly accurate at distinguishing pd versus ad versus controls.
intriguingly significant group age interactions were observed for both copper and iron , suggesting gradual age-associated decline of these metals in healthy non-cognitively impaired individuals.
zinc was unaffected in any disease pathologies and no age-associated changes were apparent.
age-associated changes in brain elements warrant further investigation.
micrornas are a group of small rnas that regulate diverse cellular processes including neuronal function.
recent studies have shown that dysregulation of specific micrornas is critically involved in the development of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
most of these reports have focused on micrornas implicated in alterations of amyloid-β and tau.
however , studies exploring the relation between micrornas dysregulation in ad and synaptic plasticity are scarce despite the well-known involvement of micrornas in synaptic plasticity.
here , levels of a small number of micrornas implicated in normal neuronal function and / or plasticity were examined in an ad model.
twelve-month old 3xtg-ad mice with plaques and tangles presented a significant upregulation of mir-181 in the hippocampus compared to age-matched wild type mice.
increased mir-181 was not detected in pre-pathological 3xtg-ad mice.
analysis of predicted targets of mir-181 identified c-fos and sirt-1 , proteins critically involved in memory formation.
both c-fos and sirt-1 levels were significantly decreased in the ventral hippocampus of twelve-month old 3xtg-ad mice.
overexpression of mir-181 in sh-sy5y cells significantly decreased c-fos and sirt-1 , strongly suggesting that mir-181 directly regulates the expression of these two proteins.
these findings indicate a connection between mir-181 and proteins involve in synaptic plasticity and memory processing in a transgenic mouse model of ad.
our results suggest that micrornas involved in synaptic plasticity might be an important factor that contributes to ad neuropathology.
background : several studies reported on the association of type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) with dementia.
studies on the association of t2dm and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are rare.
diabetic status was based on self-reported physician's diagnosis or treatment with anti-diabetic medication.
we performed group comparisons regarding all cognitive subtests for participants with and without t2dm.
we found no total or gender-specific association of t2dm with mci or mci subtypes in the old-aged group.
conclusions : our data show that t2dm is associated with mci and mci subtypes in middle-aged , but not in old-aged participants.
furthermore , the results indicate a gender-specific vulnerability of t2dm on cognition , especially in mci subtypes.
recent genome wide association studies have implicated bridging integrator @number@ ( bin1 ) as a late-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) susceptibility gene.
it is currently unknown what role bin1 plays in ad.
bin1 is known to be abnormally expressed in another human disease , myotonic dystrophy , which also features prominent nft pathology.
however , recent studies suggest higher pulse pressure is instead associated with smaller aortic diameter.
thus , we sought to elucidate relations of pulse pressure with aortic stiffness and aortic and cardiac dimensions.
higher pulse pressure in older people is associated with smaller aortic lumen area and greater aortic wall stiffness and thickness and left ventricular volume.
whether hi is associated with broader downstream outcomes is unclear.
we undertook this study to determine whether audiometric hi is associated with mortality in older adults.
participants were followed for @number@ years after audiometric examination.
mortality was adjudicated by obtaining death certificates.
hi was defined as pure-tone average > 25 db hl in the better ear.
conclusions : hi in older adults is associated with increased mortality , independent of demographics and cardiovascular risk factors.
further research is necessary to understand the basis of this association and whether these pathways might be amenable to hearing rehabilitation.
background : few scientific studies have examined movement-based embodied contemplative practices such as yoga and their effects on cognition.
both groups participated in hour-long exercise classes 3× / week over the 8-week study period.
all participants completed established tests of executive function including the task switching paradigm , n-back and running memory span at baseline and follow-up.
we measured normalized-rcmrglc in @number@ regions of interest.
lower step frequency at the maximum pace was also associated with lower normalized-rcmrglc in these regions.
conclusions : the normalized-rcmrglc values in specific regions were associated with individual differences in gait function , even in healthy older women.
these regions of the cerebrum could play an important role in gait control.
understanding the cerebral glucose metabolism in these brain regions may enable early detection of mobility limitation.
evolutionary processes of natural selection may be expected to leave their mark on age patterns of survival and reproduction.
demographic theory includes three main strands mutation accumulation , stochastic vitality , and optimal life histories.
empirical data from genomic sequencing along with prospects for combining strands of theory hold hope for future progress.
it will be important for physicians to understand the molecular basis for the pathology and how it translates to developing clinical treatments for disc degeneration.
in this review , we sought to summarize for clinicians what is known about the molecular processes that causes disc degeneration.
this promotes degenerative changes and occasional neurovascular ingrowth potentially contributing to the development of pain.
research demonstrates the molecular changes underlying the harmful effects of aging , smoking , and obesity seen clinically while demonstrating the variable influence of exercise.
conclusions : intervertebral disc degeneration occurs where there is a loss of homeostatic balance with a predominantly catabolic metabolic profile.
we recently identified vibrational spectroscopic markers characteristic of standard glycosaminoglycan ( gag ) molecules.
spectral data were processed and interpreted by exploratory unsupervised chemometric methods based on hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis.
the abilities of the technique are to perform spectral profiling and to identify single cells with different potentials to synthesize gags.
background : we examined the associations between serum cholesterol measures , statin use , and cognitive function measured in childhood and in old age.
serum cholesterol measures included total cholesterol ( tc ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) , triglycerides , and cholesterol : hdl cholesterol ratio.
results : higher tc , higher hdl-c , and lower triglycerides were associated with higher age @number@ cognitive scores in most cognitive domains.
in the fully adjusted model , all conventionally significant ( p < @number@ ) effects were removed.
childhood iq predicted statin use in old age.
conclusions : these results suggest that serum cholesterol and cognitive function are associated in older age via the lifelong stable trait of intelligence.
potential mechanisms , including lifestyle factors , are discussed.
background : homeless patients face unique challenges in obtaining primary care responsive to their needs and context.
methods : starting with quality-related constructs from the institute of medicine , we identified relevant themes by interviewing homeless patients and experts in their care.
a multidisciplinary team drafted a preliminary set of @number@ items.
this was administered to homeless-experienced clients ( n = 563 ) across @number@ va facilities and @number@ non-va health care for the homeless program.
using item response theory , we examined test information function ( tif ) curves to eliminate less informative items and devise plausibly distinct subscales.
evidence for divergent and convergent validity is provided.
tif graphs showed adequate informational value to permit inferences about groups for @number@ subscales ( relationship , cooperation , and access / coordination ) .
unlabelled : this consensus article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in geriatric populations.
introduction : this consensus article reviews the therapeutic strategies and management options for the treatment of osteoporosis of the oldest old.
the risk assessment of older individuals is briefly reviewed along with the differences between some intervention guidelines.
one possible reason for the under-prescription of pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in the oldest old is the perception that anti-fracture efficacy requires long-term treatment.
however , a review of the data shows convincing anti-fracture efficacy already by @number@ months.
results : the safety profiles of these pharmacological agents are generally satisfactory in this patient segment provided a few precautions are followed.
dopaminergic transmission plays a critical role in working memory ( wm ) .
mean diffusivity ( md ) is a sensitive and unique neuroimaging tool for detecting microstructural differences particularly in the areas of the dopaminergic system.
in this study , we investigated these effects in young adult subjects who either underwent wmt or received no intervention for @number@ weeks.
before and after the intervention or no-intervention periods , subjects underwent scanning sessions in diffusion-weighted imaging to measure md.
method : seps to median nerve stimulation were repeatedly examined in @number@ genetically diagnosed uld patients with the mean interval of @number@ years.
sep amplitudes of p25 and n35 were enlarged in all patients and were gradually decreased with aging in uld on average.
the degree of temporal changes of p25 and n35 in uld was similar or even lower than that of healthy subjects.
conclusion : enlarged but relatively stable sep amplitudes had a consistency with so-called self-limited clinical course in japanese uld.
sep amplitude could be one of the surrogate markers of the degree of cortical hyperexcitability in uld during the long-term follow-up period.
to counteract dna damage , cells employ genome maintenance pathways that are directed inward , relentlessly to scan and repair the genome.
adaptive and innate immune mechanisms are often directed outward , protecting self against pathogens.
recent work has revealed direct links between innate immune signaling and the dna damage response ( ddr ) .
here we review current understanding of the mechanism by which cells sense damaged and foreign dna.
the aim was to study metamemory during encoding in older schizophrenia patients.
thirteen older patients were compared to @number@ healthy controls.
despite their memory impairment , older schizophrenia patients were able to assess the material accurately.
they were not able , however , to adapt their learning time as efficiently as controls.
a growing body of evidence supports the central role of platelets in early events of tumorigenesis and metastasis.
low-dose aspirin acts as an antiplatelet agent by causing an irreversible inactivation of platelet cox-1 activity and the synthesis of thromboxane a2.
further experimental and clinical studies are ongoing to confirm the central role of platelets in the development of inflammation and cancer.
the corroboration of this hypothesis will open new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
background : pneumonia following endoscopic procedures may affect the clinical course and prolong hospital stay.
aim : to investigate the incidence and risk factors for pneumonia after endoscopic resection ( er ) for gastric neoplasm.
methods : subjects who underwent er for gastric neoplasm at the asan medical center from @date@ to @date@ were included.
to investigate risk factors , control patients were randomly selected from these subjects.
results : of the @number@ subjects who underwent er for gastric neoplasm , @number@ ( @number@ % ) developed pneumonia.
twenty-five of the pneumonia patients ( @number@ % ) were smokers , and @number@ ( @number@ % ) had underlying pulmonary diseases.
background : breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in the united states.
approximately @percent@ of breast cancers are diagnosed in postmenopausal women.
major clinical trials and experimental studies showed that aromatase inhibitors are effective against postmenopausal breast cancer.
despite their effectiveness in reducing tumor recurrence , aromatase inhibitors have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and increase osteoporosis and bone fractures.
methods : ovariectomized nude mice were transplanted with mcf-7 breast cancer cells constitutively expressing aromatase.
results : free cholesterol and ldl / vldl levels in serum were reduced in groups mimicking estrous cycle and menstrual cycle hormones treatment.
hdl cholesterol was increased in all the hormone treated groups except the estrous cycle-mimicking group.
bone specific alkaline phosphatase was decreased in menstrual cycle levels of estrogen and progesterone treatment.
importance : considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the genetics underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
nevertheless , for the majority of patients who receive a diagnosis of als , the role played by genetics is unclear.
further elucidation of the genetic architecture of this disease will help clarify the role of genetic variation in als populations.
variance measures were used to estimate heritability.
furthermore , we identified @number@ regions of the genome that display significantly high heritability estimates.
eleven of these regions represent novel candidate regions for als risk.
conclusions and relevance : we found the heritability of als to be significantly higher than previously reported.
we also identified multiple , novel genomic regions that we hypothesize may contain causative risk variants that influence susceptibility to als.
in the forearm , two mts ( forearm-radius and forearm-ulna mt ) were measured.
tmm was estimated from an ultrasound-derived prediction equation.
handgrip-strength was significantly correlated with forearm-ulna mt in both men and women.
there were no significant correlations between forearm mt and walking speed in either sex.
in men , both forearm-radius and forearm-ulna mt were significantly correlated with tmm and tmm index.
in women , a significant correlation was only observed between forearm-ulna mt and tmm index.
our results suggest that forearm-ulna mt may be a useful parameter for evaluating handgrip strength and tmm index in older japanese men and women.
the aim of the current work was to quantify the ultrasonic properties of the whole breast in vivo as a function of age.
forty-four women were scanned using a computerized ultrasonic scanner developed in our laboratory.
raster scans in two orthogonal views , mediolateral and craniocaudal , were obtained using the ultrasonic through-transmission method.
by combining the information from the two views , we estimated two acoustic properties : speed of sound and attenuation coefficient.
on the basis of the results , both the attenuation coefficient and the speed of sound follow a three-phase age-related pattern.
during the third phase corresponding to ages > 55 y , values decrease again with time.
in conclusion , both the ultrasonic speed of sound and the attenuation coefficient of breast tissue are age related.
both parameters decrease during life , markedly during the first and third phases.
these changes may be attributed to anatomic and physiologic changes associated with reproductivity and menopause.
many longitudinal studies have found that older adults with depressive symptoms or depression have increased risk of cognitive impairment.
a total of @number@ individuals aged @number@ years or older ( mean age @number@ years ) participated in the study.
we investigated medical history and geriatric depression scale-15 ( gds-15 ) items to determine depression and depressive symptoms.
all cognitive tests showed significant differences between the ' no depressive symptoms' , ' depressive symptoms' , and ' depression ' groups.
serum bdnf concentration and atrophy of the right medial temporal lobe may in part mediate the relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive decline.
prion protein gene mutations have been associated with clinical pictures mimicking neurodegenerative diseases different from inherited prion diseases ( ipd ) .
genetic screening of healthy controls and in silico analysis provide support for the potential pathogenicity of this variant.
however , genetic screening of prion protein gene becomes relevant in familial degenerative dementia , particularly in geographical areas with high ipd prevalence.
dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and its sulfated form dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( dheas ) are the most abundant circulating steroid hormones in humans.
in animal studies , their low levels have been associated with age-related involuntary changes , including reduced lifespan.
extrapolation of animal data to humans turned dhea into a ' superhormone ' and an ' anti-aging ' panacea.
it has been aggressively marketed and sold in large quantities as a dietary supplement.
recent double-blind , placebo-controlled human studies provided evidence to support some of these claims.
normal levels of cd4 + cd25 ( hi ) and foxp3 ( forkhead box p3 ) are restored.
in systemic lupus erythematosus , dhea is steroid-sparing.
in an unblinded study , it induced remission in the majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
dhea modulates cardiovascular signalling pathways and exerts an anti-inflammatory , vasorelaxant and anti-remodelling effect.
its low levels correlate with increased cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
dhea / dheas appear protective in asthma and allergy.
it attenuates t helper @number@ allergic inflammation , and reduces eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity.
low levels of dheas accompany adrenal suppression.
it could be used to screen for the side effects of steroids.
in women , dhea improves sexual satisfaction , fertility and age-related vaginal atrophy.
many factors are responsible for the inconsistent / negative results of some studies.
large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed to fine-tune the indications and optimal dosing protocols before dhea enters routine clinical practice.
we know little about the support needs and health of older lesbians because participant sexual identity has typically not been identified in aging studies.
this pilot tested the instrument with an exclusively lesbian population in the midwest.
our analysis suggests it may not be reliable with this population , even with minor modifications that were made.
further examination adding a category for \ "family of choice \ " is warranted and supported by the originator of the tool.
previous studies also suggested that pgrn is involved in modulating lysosomal function.
tar dna binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons were also observed in aged pgrn-deficient mice.
in addition , neuronal loss and lipofuscinosis in the vpm / vpl and disrupted myelination in the cerebral cortex were observed in aged pgrn-deficient mice.
the present results also suggest that these pathological changes in the vpm / vpl are likely a result of lysosomal dysfunction.
how pgrn prevents lysosomal dysfunction with aging remains to be elucidated.
traditionally , sensory and motor dysfunctions in aging and ad have been studied separately.
associations between plasma aβ and mortality were assessed with the cox regression model with delayed entry including various potential confounding factors and testing possible mediators.
it was only modified when we included cystatin c levels.
conclusions : further investigations are needed to determine precisely the pathophysiological roles of plasma aβ1-40 and cystatin c and before envisioning any future clinical applications.
background : clinical criteria are important for improving diagnostic accuracy and ensuring comparability of patient cohorts in research studies.
methods : two hundred twelve consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed ad or ftld who were clinically assessed in a specialist cognitive unit were identified.
fifty-five patients were excluded predominantly because of insufficient clinical information.
anonymized clinical data were rated against the nia-aa criteria by raters who were blinded to clinical and pathologic diagnosis.
conclusion : in patients with ftld and predominantly early-onset ad , the nia-aa ad dementia criteria have high specificity but lower sensitivity.
the high specificity is due to the broad exclusion criteria.
background : it is unknown which commonly used alzheimer disease ( ad ) biomarker values-baseline or progression-best predict longitudinal cognitive decline.
methods : @number@ subjects from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni ) .
adni composite memory and executive scores were the primary outcomes.
individual-specific slope of the longitudinal trajectory of each biomarker was first estimated.
these estimates and observed baseline biomarker values were used as predictors of cognitive declines.
variability in cognitive declines explained by baseline biomarker values was compared with variability explained by biomarker progression values.
results : about @percent@ of variability in memory and executive function declines was explained by ventricular volume progression among mild cognitive impairment patients.
conclusions : for most biomarkers , biomarker progressions explained higher variability in cognitive decline than biomarker baseline values.
this has important implications for clinical trials targeted to modify ad biomarkers.
this study presents analyses of qualitative data collected during a 36-week cross-over pilot clinical trial in @number@ individuals.
data were extracted for each study participant and placed onto a timeline for month of observation.
results : three overarching themes emerged : ( @number@ ) functional changes included increasing body awareness , movement memory and functional skill.
( @number@ ) emotional changes included greater acceptance of resting , sharing of personal stories and feelings , and positive attitude toward exercise.
( @number@ ) social changes included more coherent social interactions and making friends.
further study of the plié program in individuals with dementia is warranted.
metazoans have evolved ways to engage only the most appropriate cells for long-term tissue development and homeostasis.
in many cases , competitive interactions have been shown to guide such cell selection events.
in drosophila , a process termed cell competition eliminates slow proliferating cells from growing epithelia.
uv irradiation downregulates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) -elimination pathways , thereby promoting the production of ros , which are implicated in skin aging.
smilax glabra roxb ( sarsaparilla ) has been used in folk medicine because of its many effects.
however , no study on the protective effects of sarsaparilla root ( sr ) on human dermal fibroblasts has been reported previously.
here , we investigated the protective effect of sr against oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts.
sr significantly inhibited oxidative damage and skin-aging factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
these results demonstrate that sr can protect dermal fibroblasts against uvb-induced skin aging via antioxidant effects.
background : dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( dce-mri ) is a potentially powerful tool for analysis of kidney structure and function.
study design : observational study with a cross-sectional design.
predictor : dce-mri kidney segmentation data.
outcomes & measurements : egfr , urine albumin-creatinine ratio ( acr ) , and risk factors for and complications of ckd.
limitations : automatic segmentations were not validated by histology.
the limited age range prevented meaningful interpretation of age effects on measured data or the automatic segmentation procedure.
for more than @number@ years , zinc is known to be an essential trace element , having a regulatory role in the immune system.
deficiency in zinc thus compromises proper immune function , like it is observed in the elderly population.
here mild zinc deficiency is a common condition , documented by a decline of serum or plasma zinc levels with age.
moreover , an impaired function of innate immune cells indicate a predominance of zinc deficiency in the elderly that may contribute to immunosenescence.
this review summarizes current findings about zinc deficiency and supplementation in elderly individuals.
recent findings : these findings implicate alterations in host defense , cell-to-cell adhesion , and aging and senescence in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis.
at least one common genetic variant strongly associated with pulmonary fibrosis appears to have prognostic implications for patients.
further characterizing this genetic risk will influence clinical practice in terms of categorization , diagnosis , and screening of individuals for this disease.
the history of chemotherapy for mm began in the early 1960s , when the efficacy of alkylating agents , particularly melphalan , was shown.
as initial treatment , novel agents are frequently used since high response rates have been reported.
the chromosomal aberrations frequently found in mm are ' hyperdiploid ' or ' non-hyperdiploid ' and immunoglobulin gene ( ig ) translocation of chromosomes.
it is known that the chromosomal aberration is associated with the treatment response and prognosis of mm patients , and this information is indispensable.
because chromosomal translocation is not readily detected by g banding , the fish method is essential.
in recent years , molecular mechanisms of mm have been revealed by microarrays ( gene expression profiles ) and whole genome sequencing using next-generation sequencers.
loss of volume in the soft tissues of the face is considered to be an important cause of facial ageing.
this volume loss can be compensated by microfattransfer.
this technique offers a natural and long-lasting effect.
fat is harvested with liposuction and after centrifugation it is injected into the target areas in the face using small blunt cannulas.
microfattransfer can be combined with other cosmetic facial procedures such as blepharoplasties and facelifts.
although fatgrafting is a safe technique , complications may occur.
these are mostly related to technique and amount of fat injected.
microfattransfer is a useful adjunctive procedure in maxillofacial surgery.
because only 40-50% of the result of microfattransfer is permanent touching up is often necessary.
microfattransfer should be considered as a staged treatment modality.
thus , their ligands are targets for the treatment of various skin disorders , such as photo-aging and chronological aging of skin.
however , the detailed mechanism of pparα / γ's role in skin aging has not yet been elucidated.
taken together , our data suggest that shqa inhibit tnfα-induced mmp-2 / -9 expression and age-related inflammation by suppressing ap-1 and nf-κb pathway via pparα.
ec was measured at ages @number@ and @number@ using age-appropriate laboratory batteries as well as mother reports.
hpa axis responses were measured at age @number@ by randomly assigning children to one of two laboratory stress tasks ( frustration vs. fear ) .
results indicated that ec interacted with stress context in predicting cortisol response.
it is likely that different components of ec , such as emotion regulation and attention , differentially interact with the stress context.
to investigate the reason for this result , we conducted a three-way anova examining oxy-hb in both young and elderly participants.
an additional three-way anova was conducted for each of the @number@ channels , and a p value distribution map was created.
further analysis following the time course revealed that right-side parietal tms had almost no effect on the frontal cortex in the elderly participants.
skin wrinkles are associated with collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) activity.
the main component of cse , linolenic acid , was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.
we measured the cellular levels of procollagen type i and mmp-1 using elisa in nhdf cells after uvb irradiation.
nhdf cells that were treated with cse after uvb irradiation exhibited higher procollagen type i production and lower levels of mmp-1 than untreated cells.
we found that the activity of transcription factor activator protein-1 ( ap-1 ) was also inhibited by cse treatment.
our results showed that cse-treated mice had thinner epidermal layers and denser dermal collagen fibers than untreated mice.
on a molecular level , it was further confirmed that cse-treated mice had lower mmp-1 levels and higher procollagen type i levels than untreated mice.
our results support the potential of c. sativum l. to prevent skin photoaging.
pancreatic polypeptide ( pp ) is a major agonist for neuropeptide y4 receptors ( npy4r ) .
its agonism by pp decreases somatostatin secretion from human islets.
mouse embryonic hippocampal ( mhippo e18 ) cells expressed npy4rs and their activation by pp consistently decreased somatostatin secretion.
furthermore , central injection of pp in mice induced c-fos immunoreactivity in somatostatin-containing cells in the hippocampus compared with pbs-injected mice.
in sum , our results identify pp as a pivotal modulator of somatostatin secretion.
the aim of this study was to investigate the association of body composition and functionality with metabolic syndrome in the elderly.
conclusion : we did not observe associations among metabolic syndrome , body composition , and functionality variables.
results : lertd demonstrated no reliability.
the cvs for lertd and hgrfd were ≤ @time@ %.
hgmvc wasn't related to leg extension torque or power , or balance ( r = 0. @date@ ; p > 0.05 ) .
conclusions : lertd and hgrfd weren't reliable and shouldn't be used as outcome variables in older men.
handgrip strength may not be an appropriate surrogate for lower body strength , power , or balance.
the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) pandemic has entered its 4th decade.
since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy ( art ) in @number@ the number of aids-related deaths has plateaued worldwide.
today , owing to the effectiveness of art , the hiv-infected population is aging and hiv infection has become a chronic illness.
non-aids comorbidities are increasing , and the spectrum of hiv-related thoracic diseases is evolving.
in developed countries , bacterial pneumonia has become more common than pneumocystis pneumonia.
its imaging appearance depends on the responsible organism , most commonly streptococcus pneumoniae.
mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a major threat.
its imaging patterns vary depending on cd4 count.
primary lung cancer and hodgkin lymphoma are two important non-aids-defining malignancies that are increasingly encountered at chest imaging.
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is a direct complication of art whose manifestations vary with the underlying disease.
given the high rate of smoking among hiv-infected patients , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is another important cause of morbidity and mortality.
a high degree of suspicion is required for the early diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia , given their nonspecific manifestations.
finally , multilocular thymic cyst manifests as a cystic anterior mediastinal mass.
recognition of the clinical and radiologic manifestations of these less traditional hiv-related diseases can expedite diagnosis and treatment in the art era.
skin is mainly damaged by genetic and environmental factors such as ultraviolet ( uv ) light and pollutants.
uv light is a well-known factor that causes various types of skin damage and premature aging.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are commonly involved in the pathogenesis of skin damage by activating the metalloproteinases that break down type i collagen.
this study investigated the antioxidant and antiphotodamage activity and mechanisms of n-phenethyl caffeamide ( k36 ) in human skin fibroblasts.
furthermore , k36 elevated collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts by inhibiting uvb-induced smad7 overexpression.
k36 downregulated the expression of the transcription factor , activator protein-1 ( ap-1 ) .
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( til ) reflect the host's anti-tumor immune response , and can be a valuable predictor of prognosis.
however , many properties of til are not fully understood.
in the present study , tcr-vβ repertoires of cancer patients were primarily analyzed by flow cytometry.
abnormally expressed tcr-vβ subfamilies were generally found in both til and peripheral blood lymphocytes ( pbl ) of each patient.
utilizing immunoscope analysis , we identified the age-related reduction in tcr-vβ diversity , but polyclonal pattern was predominant in significantly expanded tcr-vβ subfamilies.
the colocalization analysis of cd8 and cd3 , however , suggested the suppressed activity of these effector cells in tumor microenvironment.
data sources : two previously published meta-analyses including an updated systematic search in pubmed and embase.
study eligibility criteria : cross-sectional or prospective observational studies with data on tt and / or shbg concentrations in combination with mets in men.
methods : we conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of @number@ observational studies.
multivariable adjusted odds ratios ( ors ) and hazard ratios ( hrs ) were calculated and effect modification by age and bmi was studied.
conclusions : associations of testosterone and shbg with mets vary according to bmi and individual mets components.
these findings provide further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking low testosterone and shbg concentrations to cardiometabolic risk.
context : mutations of the fragile x mental retardation @number@ ( fmr1 ) gene are associated with distinct ovarian aging patterns.
interventions : standardized ivf protocols.
main outcome measures : morphologic embryo quality , ploidy and pregnancy rates.
results : ( i ) embryo morphology was reduced in presence of a low fmr1 allele ( p = @number@ ) .
in absence of a low fmr1 allele , or of clinical pregnancy ( vs. chemical or no pregnancy ) was @number@ in middle-aged infertility patients.
conclusions : a low fmr1 allele ( cgg ( < 26 ) ) is associated with significantly poorer morphologic embryo quality and pregnancy chance.
as women age , low fmr1 alleles affect ivf pregnancy chances by reducing egg / embryo quality by mechanisms other than embryo aneuploidy.
we hypothesized that improved air quality in north carolina was associated with reduced rates of death from respiratory diseases in local populations.
the studied associations were adjusted by age group-specific smoking prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of disease-specific respiratory deaths.
in each case , the results of sensitivity analyses demonstrated stability.
the importance of analysis of pneumonia as an underlying cause of death was also highlighted.
maintaining a stable and adequate sleeping pattern is associated with good health and disease prevention.
as a restorative process , sleep is important for supporting immune function and aiding the body in healing and recovery.
aging is associated with characteristic changes to sleep quantity and quality , which make it more difficult to adjust sleep-wake rhythms to changing environmental conditions.
sleep disturbance and abnormal sleep-wake cycles are commonly reported in seriously ill older patients in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors appears to contribute to these disruptions.
here we review how sleep is altered in the icu , with particular attention to older patients , especially those aged ≥80 years.
further work is required to understand what impact sleep disturbance has on frailty levels and poor outcomes in older critically ill patients.
the aim of the study was to determine whether lra is a valid alternative for coronary angiography compared with rra in asian populations.
methods : this is a single-center , prospective , randomized controlled study.
the primary end point was total procedural duration.
the dose of radiation and contrast volume were not different between the two approaches.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly individuals.
together , our data suggest that app k724m gene mutation may contribute to the cause of this chinese early-onset familial ad.
cbf was measured with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling at 3t in the whole brain and in partial volume corrected cortical maps.
additional adjustments did not change these results.
in controls , neither nbv nor wmh was associated with cbf.
evidence from animal studies and human famines suggests that starvation may affect the health of the progeny of famished individuals.
these small , endogenous , transgenerationally transmitted rnas target genes with roles in nutrition.
we defined genes that are essential for this multigenerational effect.
rationale and objectives : increased mammographic breast density is a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
a reproducible , accurate , and automated breast density measurement is required for full-field digital mammography ( ffdm ) to support clinical applications.
pda was applied to the raw and clinical display ( or processed ) representation images.
we applied pd to the raw and clinical display images as a standard for measurement comparison.
pda operates by evaluating signal-dependent noise ( sdn ) , captured as local signal variation.
pda could not be assessed on the raw images without preprocessing.
although variability in the transform influenced the respective pda distribution , it did not affect the measurement's association with breast cancer.
further work is required for measurement generalization.
the aim of the present study was to provide new original data from a mediterranean population.
results were materially unchanged when diabetics were excluded from the analysis.
no heterogeneity emerged across strata of sex , age , education , smoking habits and body mass index.
we previously reported that rorα activates amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) , which is associated with the suppression of vsmc proliferation.
therefore , we investigated the suppressive function of rorα on the proliferation of vsmcs and the molecular mechanisms involved.
second , rorα and cs modulated the expression of cell-cycle-regulating factors , such as p53 , p27 , and cyclin d in vsmcs.
rorα and cs also inhibited the migration of a7r5 cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell migration assays.
finally , we demonstrated that the infusion of adenovirus encoding rorα into arteries suppressed neointima formation after balloon injury in rats.
this essay critically assesses the understanding of this concept common among biogerontologists , and proposes a new definition.
intervening in this aging process thus protects against the totality of age-related diseases.
however , this underlying aging process remains an abstraction.
by contrast , what is demonstrable is that interventions in model organisms can improve late-life health and extend lifespan.
furthermore , a safe deduction is that treatments that extend lifespan do so by reducing age-related pathology , both florid and subtle.
treatments that substantially extend lifespan must suppress multiple pathologies that otherwise limit lifespan , but whether they suppress the entire aging process remains undemonstrated.
this definition would encompass preventative approaches aimed at both broad and narrow spectra of age-related pathologies.
its adoption would facilitate translation , since it would shift the emphasis to medical practice , particularly the introduction of preventative approaches.
introduction : fertility in women declines with increasing age.
with the deferment of marriage and childbearing , couples are turning to assisted reproductive technology to counteract this decline.
methods : retrospective analysis of @number@ stimulated ivf / icsi cycles in a hospital-based ivf centre was performed from @date@ to @date@ .
results : age had a significant effect on the number of cycles leading to embryo transfer ( p < @number@ ) .
with increasing age , there was a trend toward a lower fertilisation rate.
age also had a significant effect on the rates of clinical pregnancy , live birth and multiple pregnancies ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : patients aged < @number@ years had the best ivf outcomes , reflecting optimal reproductive capacity.
age-related decline in fertility starts after @number@ years.
women opting for ivf should be counselled about age-specific success rates while taking into account individual risk factors.
objectives : although the breast cancer incidence in portugal is lower than the european average , it is the most frequent cancer in women.
overall , mortality rates are heterogeneous throughout portugal.
implicated factors may include demographic and socioeconomic aspects , tumor biological characteristics , and access to medical care.
the aim of this study is to detect survival differences in female breast cancer and identify the main associated factors.
material and methods : we have conducted a population-based , retrospective cohort study with follow-up.
incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in @number@ of residents in the southern region of portugal were included.
data was collected from the southern portugal cancer registry ( ror-sul ) database and completed with clinical chart information.
results : a total of @number@ @number@ patients were included in this study.
reported estimated 5-year overall survival was @percent@ , with significant association with tumor stage , hormone receptor and her2 status.
no survival differences were identified among women from distinct geographical regions.
tumor biological characteristics seem to be the main associated factor with breast cancer survival in our population.
conclusions : our study confirms the association between patient survival and tumor stage , hormone receptor and her2 status.
however , no differences in patient survival were observed among different regions of residence.
alcohol abuse can result in significant alterations to the structure of the brain and ultimately to behavioral dysfunctions.
epidemiological studies have shown that alcoholism is closely associated with impaired memory and judgment.
many studies have investigated how microglia modulate alcohol-induced behavioral changes such as cognitive deficits , abnormal locomotor activity , motor impairment and mood disturbance.
importantly , we try to characterize and compare the distinct features in different ethanol ( etoh ) -induced neurodegenerative disease ( ndd ) models.
this review might contribute to the development of treatments and / or therapeutic agents that can reduce or eliminate the deleterious effects of alcohol-induced ndd.
defects in dna repair pathways enable cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that contribute to their aggressive phenotype.
however , tumors rely on residual dna repair capacities to survive the damage induced by genotoxic stress.
this dichotomy might explain why only isolated dna repair pathways are inactivated in cancer cells.
accordingly , synergism has been observed between dna-damaging drugs and targeted inhibitors of dna repair.
dna repair pathways are generally thought of as mutually exclusive mechanistic units handling different types of lesions in distinct cell cycle phases.
such a network-based approach considerably increases the opportunities for targeting dna repair-defective tumors.
cognitive impairment is one of the most abundant age-related psychiatric disorders.
the outcome of cognitive impairment in alzheimer's disease has both individual ( the patients and their families ) and socio-economic effects.
the prevalence of alzheimer's disease doubles after the age of @number@ years , every @number@ years.
an etiologically heterogenic group of disorders related to aging as well as genetic and environmental interactions probably underlie the impairment in alzheimer's disease.
those factors cause the degeneration of brain tissue which leads to significant cognitive dysfunction.
from the therapeutic standpoint it is crucial to get an early diagnosis and start with an adequate treatment.
the undeniable progress in the field of biomarker research should lead to a better understanding of the early stages of the disorder.
the article discusses the usefulness of the known biomarkers of alzheimer's disease in early diagnosis.
we applied the concept of fractal geometry and fractal dimension d analysis to describe heterogeneity within the bone structure.
automated image analysis software was developed to evaluate the fractal dimension d , using the mass radius method.
the frontal and the occipital portions of the skull caps of adult females and males were investigated separately.
results : d values for human skull caps scatter strongly as a function of age.
prediction errors for aad estimates for individual observations were in the range of ±18 years at a @percent@ confidence interval.
severe scattering of the data leads to an estimation error that is too great for this method to be of practical relevance in aad estimates.
thus , we disclosed an interesting sex difference.
resistant hypertension is a relevant condition gaining special attention given its clinical and economic impact.
a complex interaction of various risk factors including lifestyle , associated conditions , and identifiable secondary causes can lead to uncontrolled hypertension.
this article reviews the current understanding of the epidemiology of resistant hypertension.
three different tfiih coding genes are implicated in ttd : xpd , xpb and ttda.
the latter gene encodes for a small ( @number@ amino-acid ) subunit and appeared important for the stabilization of the entire tfiih complex.
based on analyzing ttd group a patient derived cells it was initially thought that ttda has only a ner-stimulating role.
in this review we summarize recent data showing that full disruption of ttda expression in a knock-out mouse-model completely inactivates ner.
ginkgo aglucone flavone is a kind of effective natural antioxidant.
however , researches on effect of ginkgo aglucone flavone to immune function are rare so far.
thus , it is important to go into the effect of ginkgo aglucone flavone to immune function.
we can find out more effective measurement that resist immunosuppression through research and provide referable science activity form and suggestion of sports nutrition supplements.
it can guide people to improve habitus through supports and establish important basis for new area development of folium ginkgo extract.
this paper aims to discuss the effect of ginkgo aglucone flavone to human body organs and immune function.
patients with ginkgo aglucone flavone indications are selected for experiment.
their peripheral blood t lymphocyte subsets and content of serum immunoglobin is detected before and two weeks after drug use.
the result shows that specific ratio of t lymphocyte subsets cd3 and cd4 and the content of serum igg significantly increase after pharmacy of patients.
it can be concluded that ginkgo aglucone flavone have acceleration on immune system function.
background : there is limited research examining the chemical load of toxic metals in the elderly.
measurements were made using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( pb , cd ) and a single purpose spectrometer ama @number@ ( hg ) .
b-pb levels in men were significantly higher than in women ( gm @number@.9μg / l vs. @number@.1μg / l ) .
b-hg levels were also positively correlated with blood albumin levels ( p = 0.015 ) .
conclusions : this study provides data on levels of heavy metals in a group of elderly people.
such information is very scarce.
associations with diseases should be the subject of further investigation.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons leading to motor deficits.
the mechanisms underlying the preferential vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in pd remain poorly understood.
recent evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in pd pathogenesis.
similar levels of alpha-synuclein accumulation in mitochondria were detected in the ventral midbrain , striatum and cortex of thy1-asyn mice.
this may contribute to a higher level of oxidative stress that overwhelms antioxidant defense in these neurons , leading to their increased vulnerability in pd.
the outcome of the chernobyl nuclear power plant ( cnpp ) accident was that a huge number of people were exposed to ionizing radiation.
dna tandem repeats that cap chromosome ends , known as telomeres , are sensitive to oxidative damage and exposure to ionizing radiation.
telomeres are important in aging processes and carcinogenesis.
the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of protracted ionizing radiation exposure on telomere length in cnpp clean-up workers.
close attention was paid to participation year and tasks performed during the worker's stay in chernobyl , health status , and rtl differences between subgroups.
shorter telomeres appeared frequently in those with cataract , osteoporosis , atherosclerosis , or coronary heart disease.
background : little is known about changes in the quality of medical care for older adults over time.
objective : to assess changes in technical quality of care over @number@ years , and associations with participants ' characteristics.
design : a national cohort survey covering rand corporation-derived quality indicators ( qis ) in face-to-face structured interviews in participants ' households.
participants : a total of @number@ people aged @number@ or more in four waves of the english longitudinal study of ageing.
results : participants were eligible for @number@ qis.
achievement ranged from @percent@ for cerebrovascular disease to @percent@ for osteoarthritis.
overall achievement was lower for participants who were men , wealthier , infrequent alcohol drinkers , not obese and living alone.
we review the impact of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) maintenance and mitochondrial function on the aging process.
mitochondrial function and mtdna integrity are closely related.
regulation of antioxidant and rons balance , dna base excision repair , and selective degradation of damaged mtdna copies preserves normal mtdna quantities.
mitochondrial turnover is the major contributor to maintenance of mtdna and functionally active mitochondria.
mitochondrial turnover involves mitochondrial biogenesis , mitochondrial dynamics , and selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria ( i.e. , mitophagy ) .
we suggest that the age-dependent accumulation of mutated mtdna copies and dysfunctional mitochondria is associated primarily with decreased cellular autophagic and mitophagic activity.
currently available evidence seems to best fit a model , wherein rapamycin extends lifespan by suppressing cancers.
in addition the drug has symptomatic effects on some aging traits , such as age-related cognitive impairments.
the involvement of bregs in cancer remains poorly understood despite their well-documented regulation of responses to the self and protection from harmful autoimmunity.
we recently discovered a unique regulatory b cell subset evoked by breast cancer to mediate protection of metastasizing cancer cells.
to facilitate the search for them , here we provide our detailed protocol for the characterization and generation of tumor-evoked regulatory b cells.
wherever applicable , we also discuss nuances and uniqueness of a breg study in cancer to warn potential pitfalls.
background : for the past several decades , the u.s. prison system has witnessed a steady and persistent increase in the ages of prison populations.
objective : this article presents a method for evaluating drivers influencing the change in age distributions among prisoners.
we also find that the impact of explanatory factors varies across states and offense types.
yet nearly half felt monitoring re-aim requirements requires special expertise , and one third felt the different re-aim elements were difficult to measure.
with aging the immune system undergoes significant age-related changes.
immunosenescence is characterized by a decrease in innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune function in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow.
the aging of bone marrow cells and in particular , of adaptive immune cells in the bone marrow has been addressed relatively rarely.
no significant changes were observed for the cg.
however , the effects of aging and task demands on the functional integration of neural networks contributing to speech production abilities remain largely unexplored.
moreover , a significant task demand / age interaction was found in functional connectivity within the anterior and posterior subnetworks of the verbal fluency network.
these results suggest that local changes in functional integration among cortical areas supporting lexical speech production are modulated by age and task demands.
idiopathic immune myopathies ( iim ) are an heterogeneous group of autoimmune muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscle involvement.
dermatomyositis ( dm ) is the most common form of iim.
it is a multisystem disorder characterized by symmetric proximal , extensor , inflammatory myopathy , vascular involvement and a characteristic cutaneous eruption.
six types of dm have been identified : idiopathic , juvenile ( jdm ) , cancer-related other autoimmune diseases-related , iatrogenic dm and amyopathic dm.
cutaneous manifestations of dm are the most important aspect of this disease and can precede from several months to years muscle or systemic involvement.
three groups of signs have been described : pathognomonic , highly characteristic and compatible.
dm is a serious disease ; the correct evaluation of any skin lesion suggesting an early diagnosis is of utmost importance.
main outcome measures were long-term mortality , comorbidity , and hrqol in old age.
results : during the 48-year follow-up , @number@ men ( @percent@ ) died.
there was a graded relationship between bp and total mortality ( p < @number@ ) .
rand-36 scales associated with mental health were not affected by midlife bp.
conclusion : lower bp in midlife is associated with longer life and better physical hrqol in old age.
introduction : the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the process of ovarian aging.
finally , when the follicle ages and becomes empty of oocyte h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) levels drops significantly.
no significant differences in crf were observed between age groups.
conclusions : gender and advancing age may influence corneal biomechanical properties.
in our population , ch decreased with aging , and men demonstrated a higher ch and crf than women did.
further , ch , crf , and cct were significantly related.
in addition , the heart rate ( hr ) and the borg rating of perceived exertion scale value are recorded per minute.
using the emg signals , the electrical activity and median frequency ( mf ) are calculated per cycle.
to demonstrate the performance of our system , five young healthy subjects were recruited.
when the speed reached @number@ rpm or the hr reached the maximal training hr , the experiment was then terminated immediately.
the experimental results show that the proposed system may provide an on-line fatigue monitoring and analysis for the lower extremity muscles during cycling movement.
individuals are embedded in social networks in which they communicate with others in their daily lives.
because smooth face-to-face communication is the key to maintaining these networks , measuring the smoothness of such communication is an important issue.
one indicator of smoothness is the similarity of the body movements of the two individuals concerned.
a typical example noted in experimental environments is the interpersonal synchronization of body movements such as nods and gestures during smooth face-to-face communication.
it should therefore be possible to estimate quantitatively the smoothness of face-to-face communication in social networks through measurement of the synchronization of body movements.
in such open environments , their body movements become complicated by various external factors and may follow unstable and nonuniform patterns.
the present study aims to clarify such interaction in terms of body movements during daily face-to-face communication in real organizations of more than @number@ people.
context : fibroblast growth factor-21 ( fgf21 ) is an important metabolic regulator suggested to improve glucose metabolism and prevent dyslipidemia.
an fgf21-resistant state that increases circulating fgf21 has been reported in obese patients.
crf was assessed by measuring the peak oxygen uptake ( vo2peak ) and vfa by magnetic resonance imaging.
conclusions : crf and vfa are key determinants of the circulating fgf21 concentration.
measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) is a common , readily available , and inexpensive laboratory assay in clinical practice.
alt activity is not only measured to detect liver disease , but also to monitor overall health.
alt activity is influenced by various factors , including viral hepatitis , alcohol consumption , and medication.
recently , the impact of metabolic abnormalities on alt variation has raised concern due to the worldwide obesity epidemic.
the normal ranges for alt have been updated and validated considering the metabolic covariates in the various ethnic districts.
the interaction between metabolic and demographic factors on alt variation has also been discussed in previous studies.
timely updated , comprehensive , and systematic introduction of alt activity is necessary to aid clinicians make better use of this enzyme.
the results indicate that low-level heteroplasmies are transmitted and maintained within families until extreme age.
this familial profile suggests that heteroplasmy may contribute to familial longevity.
vgf is a protein expressed by neurons and processed into several peptides.
it plays a role in energy homeostasis and promotes growth and survival.
recently , vgf mrna was detected in peripheral leukocytes.
vgf-expression by nk cells was age-independent.
rapamycin-mediated t cell blockade significantly reduced the frequency of vgf-expressing t cells.
we conclude that vgf contributes to survival and function of peripheral t cells.
the age-dependent increase in vgf-expression could serve as mechanism that counterregulates the decrease in functionality of t lymphocytes.
background : most colorectal cancers develop from adenomas.
we aimed to estimate sex- and age-specific incidence rates of colorectal adenomas and to assess their potential implications for colorectal cancer screening strategies.
estimated 10- and 15-year risks of clinically manifest colorectal cancer were @percent@ and @percent@ or lower , respectively , in all groups assessed.
the use of rescreening after a negative screening colonoscopy above @number@ years of age may be very limited.
twenty-six candidate proteins were quantified in @number@ subjects using multiplex ( xmap ) assays.
results : sixteen proteins correlated with disease severity and cognitive decline.
conclusions : we have identified @number@ plasma proteins strongly associated with disease severity and disease progression.
such markers may be useful for patient selection for clinical trials and assessment of patients with predisease subjective memory complaints.
the effect of age on the clearance ( cl ) of therapeutic proteins has not been explored extensively in pediatric subjects.
recently , resting energy expenditure ( ree ) has been proposed to link age-dependent cl with developmental changes.
allometric relationship was explored to assess the impact of ree on the cl of therapeutic proteins in pediatric subjects.
for some monoclonal antibodies , ree was a better predictor than bw to estimate cl in pediatric subjects.
overall results suggest that the relationship of cl with ree and its clinical importance in therapeutic proteins need to be investigated further for pediatric subjects.
autophagy is a highly conserved degradative process through which cells overcome stressful conditions.
data from in vitro studies consistently support the notion that zinc is critical for early and late autophagy.
studies have shown inhibition of early and late autophagy in cells cultured in medium treated with zinc chelators.
conversely , excess zinc added to the medium has shown to potentiate the stimulation of autophagy by tamoxifen , h2o2 , ethanol and dopamine.
in addition we performed a systematic review of the literature on the subject based on pubmed , medline and google scholar searches till year-end @number@
the literature search was performed using key words and phrases relevant to fertility treatments in older women.
results : as demonstrated by our center's patient demographics and national u.s. data , ivf centers are destined to treat increasingly adversely selected patients.
age @number@ discriminates between better and poorer clinical pregnancy and live birth rates.
medicine and society better get ready for this revolution.
unlabelled : inflammation has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) .
we correlated the presence and grade of acute inflammation ( ai ) or chronic inflammation ( ci ) and bph.
ai , ci , and histologic bph were analyzed in a blinded fashion using a grading system ( 0-3 ) .
we used the cochran-armitage test for associations between the degree of bph and clinical variables and proportional odds logistic regression models in multivariable analysis.
histologic bph was observed in a similar proportion of asian and caucasian men ( p = 0.94 ) .
ci was found in > 70% of men in both the asian and caucasian groups ( p > 0.05 ) .
higher bph scores were associated with more ci ( p < 0.001 ) .
men included in this study presented at the hospital and their symptomatic status was not known.
the prevalence of ci and bph on autopsy is similar in asian and caucasian men despite very different diet and lifestyle.
ci is strongly associated in both groups with bph.
we found chronic inflammation in > 70% of men on autopsy.
more chronic inflammation was associated with more bph.
seizures have variable effects on brain.
these effects depend upon many factors , including the seizure type , age of seizure occurrence , sex , and brain region studied.
aging is associated with decline in cardiovascular , autonomic function , and brain-derived neurotropic factor ( bdnf ) .
reports are scanty regarding whether yoga can improve age-related degenerative changes in healthy active men.
hr , bp , dop , rpp , and tc decreased significantly following yogic practice.
hf , tp , and time domain parameters of hrv and sc increased significantly following yogic practice.
higher levels of catecholamines and low frequency ( lf ) power of hrv was noted with advancement of age.
levels of catecholamines and lf significantly decreased following yogic practice.
cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( acth ) level raised in senior age group.
bdnf , serotonin , and dopamine were low in higher age group.
significant decrement of cortisol ; acth ; and increment in serotonin , dopamine , and bdnf was noted following yogic practice.
this study determined whether there is a relationship between endothelial function and relative telomere length ( rtl ) in mets subjects.
additionally , mets subjects with longer rtl had greater homeostatic model assessment-β level and lower triglycerides plasma levels.
our results suggest that endothelial dysfunction , associated with high levels of oxs , could be entailed in an increment of telomere attrition.
thal phase , braak stage , cerebrovascular disease , hippocampal sclerosis and pathological 43-kda transactive response sequence dna-binding protein ( tdp-43 ) were also analysed.
all measures were obtained blind to cognitive diagnosis.
global cognition was tested by the mini-mental state examinaton.
no measure clearly distinguished the control and cognitive impairment groups.
comparing the cognitive impairment and dementia groups , synaptophysin and sv2 were reduced , whereas braak stage , tdp-43 and hippocampal sclerosis frequency increased.
thal phase and vglut1 did not distinguish the cognitive impairment and dementia groups.
all measures distinguished the dementia and control groups and all markers associated with the cognitive test scores.
these findings suggest that tangle pathology , hippocampal sclerosis , tdp-43 and perforant pathway synaptic loss are the major contributors to dementia in the oldest-old.
both treatment of obesity and prevention of obesity-related diseases are frequently not successful.
moreover , a subgroup of individuals with obesity does not seem to be at an increased risk for metabolic complications of obesity.
in this literature , this obesity subphenotype is therefore referred to as metabolically healthy obesity ( mho ) .
in this review , the prevalence , potential biological mechanisms , and the clinical relevance of mho are discussed.
method : eleven elderly high-rise buildings were used.
seven buildings had the sah program and four did not.
information was collected from resident questionnaires , housing managers data , and medical information.
information was collected over the course of the sah program every @number@ months from @date@ through @date@ .
results : overall , @number@ surveys were completed by sah program participants and @number@ were completed by control group participants.
the program was also beneficial with respect to cost savings.
conclusion : on the basis of these findings , the sah program should be viewed as a success.
in this case , service-enriched housing for elders in high-rise buildings would appear to be beneficial.
asthma is a common condition in the elderly although often confounded with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in this population.
research is urgently needed to determine the optimal treatment of the aged patient.
in this document we will review the state of knowledge on this topic and discuss the challenges of multidisciplinary asthma management in the elderly.
introduction : gout affects @percent@ of the uk's adult population and is now the most common type of inflammatory arthritis.
febuxostat is the first new xanthine oxidase inhibitor since allopurinol and was licensed for use in @number@
methods and analysis : fast is a cardiovascular safety study using the prospective , randomised , open , blinded endpoint design.
fast is recruiting in the uk and denmark.
recruited patients are aged over @number@ years , prescribed allopurinol for symptomatic hyperuricaemia and have at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor.
patients are followed-up for an average of @number@ years.
the primary analysis is a non-inferiority analysis with a non-inferiority upper limit for the hr for the primary outcome of @number@
objective : the determinants of insulin-associated weight gain in type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) are partly unknown.
therefore , we conducted a prospective study to identify predictors of insulin-associated weight gain.
glycemic control ( hba1c ) and insulin dose were monitored.
results : after @number@ months of insulin therapy , mean body weight had increased by @number@ ± @number@ kg ( p < @number@ ) .
the drop in hba1c was correlated with insulin-associated weight gain.
with the use of a multiple linear regression model , a cluster of variables was identified that significantly related to weight gain.
conclusions : diabetes-related distress , initial and titration of insulin dose , and age all significantly predict insulin-associated weight gain.
after the initiation of insulin therapy , physical activity decreased significantly , but this did not determine weight gain over the first @number@ months.
our study findings may have clinical implications.
background : an aging population means that chronic illnesses , such as diabetes , are becoming more prevalent and demands for care are rising.
methods : a population-based analysis was performed on a dataset obtained by processing public health administration databases.
the presence of diabetes and compliance with standards of care were estimated using appropriate algorithms.
a multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to assess factors affecting compliance with standards of care.
results : @number@ italians aged 16 + were included in the study.
in this population , @number@ subjects were identified as having diabetes on @date@ .
statistical differences in diabetes care management emerged relating to gender , age , diagnostic latency period , comorbidity and citizenship.
despite pressing needs , there are currently no fda approved prosthetic valves available for use in the pediatric population.
this study is performed for predictive assessment of blood damage in bileaflet mechanical heart valves ( bmhvs ) with pediatric sizing and flow conditions.
adult bmhv flows demonstrate more disorganized small-scale flow features , but pediatric flows are associated with higher fluid shear stresses.
platelet damage in the pediatric cases is higher than in adult flow , highlighting thrombus complication dangers of pediatric bmhv flows.
this does not necessarily suggest clinically important differences in thromboembolic potential.
highly damaged platelets in pediatric flows are primarily found far downstream of the valve , as there is less flow recirculation in pediatric flows.
in addition , damage levels are well below expected thresholds for platelet activation.
however , the differences between the pediatric and adult cases are not such that development of pediatric sized valves is untenable.
this study may push for eventual approval of prosthetic valves resized for the pediatric population.
further studies will be necessary to determine the validity and potential thrombotic and clinical implications of these findings.
a greater understanding of these relationships may lead to identification of the underlying mechanisms in this important area of research.
methods : medline , embase , cinahl and psycinfo were searched on @date@ .
a grey literature search was performed using google and google scholar.
hand searching through citations and references of relevant articles was also undertaken.
results : @number@ articles were included in the review ; mean age of the subjects ranged from @number@ to @number@ years old.
there is evidence of a positive association between both whole brain volume and white matter ( wm ) volume and muscle size.
cognitive function does not appear to be associated with muscle size.
conclusion : there is evidence that brain structure is associated with muscle structure and function.
future studies need to follow these interactions longitudinally to understand potential causal relationships.
elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for ad and to impact disease progression.
the present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and nps in ad.
the total number of nps and symptoms of hyperactivity , psychosis , affect and apathy were evaluated.
groups based on total cholesterol ( tc ; ≥200 vs. < 200 mg / dl ) were compared with regard to nps.
the impact of gender was also assessed.
results : individuals with high tc had lower mmse scores as well as significantly more nps and more symptoms of psychosis.
conclusion : the role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of nps in ad appears to be gender and symptom specific.
a cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions , especially for males with high tc.
leukemia is a type of malignant hematopoietic tumor in hematopoietic stem cells.
there have been no relevant reports about asp's effect in regulating the aging of leukemia cells.
the cells showed the aging morphological feature.
many biodemographic studies use biomarkers of inflammation to understand or predict chronic disease and aging.
inflamm-aging , i.e. chronic low-grade inflammation during aging , is commonly characterized by pro-inflammatory biomarkers.
however , most studies use just one marker at a time , sometimes leading to conflicting results due to complex interactions among the markers.
a multidimensional approach allows a more robust interpretation of the various relationships between the markers.
we applied principal component analysis ( pca ) to @number@ inflammatory biomarkers from the inchianti study.
both axes were more predictive than any individual markers for baseline chronic diseases and mortality.
issues frequently arise concerning the cognitive and emotional ability of older individuals to make certain legally significant decisions.
in spain , elder women are the largest group in need of long-term care.
significant improvements in this issue took place between @number@ and @number@ thanks to the dependency law ( @number@ ) .
but severe limitations showed the difficulty of overcoming the historical backwardness of spanish social policy.
this article describes the situation of spanish people with dependency in activities of daily living.
it analyzes changes driven by this law , especially in their impacts on elder women.
it assesses the extent to which those changes can alter the traditional model of care.
care for elders still relies on family , with lack of professionalism , little socialization , and expanding commodification.
second , the current care model is fundamentally detrimental to older women and women caregivers.
third , this kind of model hinders the overcoming of gender inequalities in intrafamily , generational , and social relations.
disability is increasing among middle-aged adults and , reversing earlier trends , increasing among older adults as well.
disability is experienced disproportionately by black and lower socioeconomic status ( ses ) individuals.
ensuring that these actions address the specific concerns of individuals with disabilities , such as physical accessibility and provider cultural competency , is essential.
background : several studies demonstrate that estrogen treatment improves cerebral blood flow in ischemic brain regions of young ovariectomized ( ovx ) rats.
estrogen receptor-α ( er-α ) may mediate estrogen's beneficial actions via its effects on the cerebral microvasculature.
however , estrogen-derived benefit may be attenuated in aged , reproductively senescent ( rs ) rats.
after @number@ days pretreatment with ce ( @number@ mg / kg ) rats were subjected to @number@ min. transient global cerebral ischemia.
non-ischemic naïve , ovx and rs rats were used as controls.
postischemic microvascular expression of er-α in ovx rats ( @number@ ± @number@ ) was increased by ce treatment ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
expression of er-α in microvessels of rs rats ( @number@ ± @number@ ) was unaffected by ce treatment ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
western blot data are presented as a ratio of er-α or er-β proteins to β-actin and.
oral ce treatment had no effect on er-β expression in postischemic microvessels of ovx and rs rats.
statistical analysis was performed by one-way anova and a newman-keuls or student's post-hoc test.
conclusion : chronic treatment with ce increases er-α but not er-β expression in cerebral microvessels of ovx rats.
aging appears to reduce the normal ability of estrogen to increase er-α expression in postischemic cerebral microvessels.
spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy.
we further determine that most of these metabolic changes are regulated through autophagy.
collectively , our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy.
the combination of the obesity epidemic and an aging population presents growing challenges for the healthcare system.
herein the authors examined the methylation levels of @number@ cpg sites in @number@ samples from adult peripheral blood.
the effect of obesity and aging was ascertained with general linear models.
more than one hundred probes were correlated to aging , nine of which belonged to the kegg group map04080.
in eight of ten cases the methylation change was reverted between obese and lean individuals.
one region proved to be differentially methylated with obesity ( linc00304 ) independent of age.
this study provides evidence that obesity influences age driven epigenetic changes , which provides a molecular link between aging and obesity.
this article examines the reasons older spanish people participate in nondegree educational programs and the barriers they may face when they want to do so.
overall , only @percent@ of the sample participated in a nondegree educational program.
predictors of participation were being a woman , being younger , having a higher educational level , and being employed.
the most frequent barriers were internal ( e.g. , age / health restrictions ) .
policies to promote older people's participation in nonformal educational activities are discussed in light of the data.
recent evidence demonstrates a role for paternal aging on offspring disease susceptibility.
however , it is commonly believed that epigenetics , and specifically dna methylation alterations , likely play a role.
in this study we have investigated the impact of aging on dna methylation in mature human sperm.
with this design we have identified @number@ regions that are significantly and consistently hypomethylated with age and @number@ regions that are significantly hypermethylated with age.
a representative subset of these alterations have been confirmed in an independent cohort.
a total of @number@ genes are associated with these regions of methylation alterations ( promoter or gene body ) .
intriguingly , a portion of the age-related changes in sperm dna methylation are located at genes previously associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
however , further study is required to determine whether , and to what extent , a causative relationship exists.
the data were analyzed using continuous methods to determine differences in variability between groups and between types of jump.
the analysis indicated that children and adults had similar levels of variability in the cmj but different levels in the cmja.
the results of analysis suggest that the variability depends on both the level of maturation of the participants as well as the task complexity.
aging is a natural process by which every single living organism approaches its twilight of existence in a natural way.
however , aging is also linked to the pathogenesis of a number of complex diseases.
half of the world's population , aged @number@ and older , suffers from oa.
this review focuses on molecular markers and mechanisms implicated in chondrocyte aging and the pathogenesis of oa.
we discuss the most important age-related morphological and biological changes that affect articular cartilage and chondrocytes.
we also identify the main senescence markers that may be used to recognize molecular alterations in the extracellular matrix of cartilage as related to senescence.
herein , we clarify the molecular aspect of the foxo family in skin wound healing.
we demonstrated that foxo1 and foxo3a were both up-regulated during murine skin wound healing.
similarly , transient knockdown of foxo1 at the wound site by local delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides enhanced skin wound healing.
overall , our data indicate that molecular targeting of foxo1 may improve the quality of healing and reduce pathological scarring.
respondents endorsed higher social motives for drinking and lower coping motives.
social motives were associated with decreased likelihood of drinking alone , but negative affect was associated with decreased likelihood of drinking outside one's home.
coping and social motives were associated with greater consumption , and higher positive affect was associated with lower consumption.
conclusion : among ccrc residents , alcohol use may be socially motivated rather than motivated by coping with negative affect.
future research should examine other motives for drinking in older adulthood.
setting and participants : top executives in a national sample of lhds.
main outcome measure : presence or absence of succession planning.
only @percent@ reported having a succession plan.
performance evaluation activities are more common in lhds with a succession plan than in lhds without a plan.
in adjusted analyses , the largest lhds were @number@ times more likely to have a succession plan than the smallest.
every additional year of experience by the top executive was associated with a @percent@ increase in the odds of having a succession plan.
the intervention group ( reprints ) was recruited through intensive weekly training seminars for three months.
the no-contact control group members were also recreated to participate in health checks and surveys for data collection purposes.
eventually , @number@ participants in the intervention group and @number@ in the control group were included for data analysis.
results : the age or gender was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups.
a two-way repeated-measures anova shows a time × group significant interaction effects.
multiple mediation analysis revealed that participation in the intergenerational program was associated with a sense of manageability which was also significantly related to depressive mood.
however , given our limited sample size , generalizability was restricted and studies with larger cohorts are required to further validate our findings.
selective attention involves top-down modulation of sensory cortical areas , such that responses to relevant information are enhanced whereas responses to irrelevant information are suppressed.
suppression of irrelevant information , unlike enhancement of relevant information , has been shown to be deficient in aging.
we found overall modulation of visual and auditory processing during cross-modal selective attention in both age groups.
buccal tl was measured using monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
testosterone and tl data were available on @number@ individuals.
the association between buccal tl and testosterone was tested using multivariate generalized estimating equations to account for clustering of children within families.
no association was initially present between diurnal measurements of testosterone or morning basal testosterone levels and buccal tl.
sex significantly moderated the relation between testosterone reactivity and buccal tl.
conclusions : the association between testosterone and buccal tl supports gonadal maturation as a developmentally sensitive biomarker of aging within youth.
heritability of plasma cortisol is estimated at 30-60% but no common genetic contribution has been identified.
the cortisol network ( cornet ) consortium undertook genome wide association meta-analysis for plasma cortisol in @number@ caucasian participants , replicated in @number@ participants.
the results indicate that < 1% of variance in plasma cortisol is accounted for by genetic variation in a single region of chromosome @number@
in turn this genetic variation may contribute to cortisol-associated degenerative diseases.
the role of inflammation in cognitive decline has generated considerable interest , although few longitudinal evaluations have been conducted.
a review of the literature yields mixed findings but suggests that inflammatory dysregulation is evident and may be related to clinical outcomes.
the directionality , magnitude , and progression of these associations remain unclear.
alarmingly , this study demonstrates that approximately @percent@ of hong kong workers do not save privately for their retirement.
among those who saved , age , education , perceived financial knowledge , and financial management capacity are related to the amount of savings.
a promising policy option for the hong kong government is to offer a tax incentive to promote additional savings for old-age income protection.
initially , dmf increased p21 protein stability through an enhancement in nrf2 activity without an increase in p21 mrna.
later on , dmf stimulated p21 mrna expression through a process dependent on p53 activity.
likewise , dmf protected endothelial cells from tnf-α-induced apoptosis and the dysfunction characterized by decreased enos expression.
with knock-down of nrf2 or nqo1 , dmf failed to prevent tnf-α-induced cell apoptosis and decreased enos expression.
also , cd31 expression , an endothelial specific marker , was restored in vivo by dmf.
the fronto-limbic network interaction , driven by glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission , represents a core mechanism of motivated behavior and personality traits.
reward seeking behavior undergoes tremendous changes in adolescence paralleled by neurobiological changes of this network including the prefrontal cortex , striatum and amygdala.
since fronto-limbic dysfunctions also underlie major psychiatric diseases beginning in adolescence , this investigation focuses on network characteristics separating adolescents from adults.
an inverse coupling of glutamate concentrations in the acc and activation of the ventral striatum was observed in adolescents.
further , amygdala response in adolescents was negatively correlated with the personality trait impulsivity.
for adults , no significant associations of network components or correlations with impulsivity were found.
this fronto-limbic coupling may represent a vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorders starting in adolescence but not in adulthood.
recent studies have shown that c-terminus ( ct ) truncation and propagation of α-syn play a role in the pathogenesis of pd / dlb.
mice were immunized with the new monoclonal antibodies 1h7 , 5c1 , or 5d12 , all directed against the ct of α-syn.
among them , 1h7 and 5c1 were most effective at decreasing levels of ct-α-syn and higher-molecular-weight aggregates.
furthermore , in vitro studies showed that preincubation of recombinant α-syn with 1h7 and 5c1 prevented ct cleavage of α-syn.
furthermore , the results obtained after lentiviral expression of α-syn suggest that antibodies might be blocking the extracellular truncation of α-syn by calpain-1.
endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress results from an imbalance between the abundance of synthesized proteins and the folding capacity of the er.
in response , the unfolded protein response ( upr ) attempts to restore er function by attenuating protein synthesis and inducing chaperone expression.
resistance exercise ( re ) stimulates protein synthesis ; however , a postexercise accumulation of unfolded proteins may activate the upr.
aging may impair protein folding , and the accumulation of oxidized and misfolded proteins may stimulate the upr at rest in aged muscle.
muscle biopsies were taken from the nonexercised and exercised vastus lateralis at @number@ @number@ and @number@ h postexercise.
age did not affect any of the proteins and transcripts related to the upr.
despite elevated protein , grp78 and perk mrna was unchanged ; however , ire1α mrna was increased at @number@ h postexercise.
in conclusion , acute re results in upr activation , irrespective of age.
objectives : anxiety is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and is associated with neurocognitive outcomes.
participants were administered the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) and the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status.
results : reduced perfusion predicted poorer cognition and decreased cortical thickness.
higher anxiety score predicted worse memory performance and decreased frontal perfusion.
frontal lobe hypoperfusion combined with increased bai scores exacerbated poorer mmse performance.
conclusions : higher anxiety may exacerbate the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment.
longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine whether anxiety treatment improves neurocognitive outcomes in cvd.
method : design cross-sectional , population-based survey.
settings community samples ( n = @number@ @number@ ) from @number@ world regions ( latin america , china , and india ) .
participants @number@ people with dementia identified from standardized interviews and diagnostic algorithms.
associations were investigated using prevalence ratios and poisson regressions.
differences in frequency of unawareness were explored with mcnemar tests for each region and agreement between variables calculated with cohen κ.
frequency of unawareness was significantly higher in the unawareness variable based on performance in india.
agreement between the @number@ unawareness variables was moderate in latin america and china but only slight in india.
conclusion : different ways of measuring unawareness are differentially associated with influencing factors.
informant-based unawareness measures may be more subjective and less sensitive than variables taking into account actual performance on cognitive tests.
objectives : to assess the costs of the health effects of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke ( shs ) exposure to society.
design : prevalence-based , disease-specific cost-of-illness study.
we used an epidemiological population-attributable risk method to determine the costs that can be attributed to smoking and shs exposure.
setting : taiwan.
participants : all adult population aged @number@ and older.
conclusions : smoking and shs exposure impose a huge financial loss in taiwan.
a well-established feature of physiological ageing is altered immune function , a phenomenon termed immunesenescence.
whilst much is known regarding the impact of age on adaptive immunity , innate immunity has received far less attention from immune gerontologists.
positive correlations were found between the levels of blood pressure , glucose and lipids and bmi.
conclusion : the mean bmi and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity decreased in the last 10-year period , 2001-2010.
hypertension , hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia remained as risk factors of overweight and obesity.
healthy lifestyle in elderly seemed partially account for the declined bmi.
background : magnesium deficiency is associated with poor physical performance , but no trials are available on how magnesium supplementation affects elderly people's physical performance.
objective : the aim of our study was to investigate whether @number@ wk of oral magnesium supplementation can improve physical performance in healthy elderly women.
at baseline , the sppb scores did not differ between the @number@ groups.
these findings were more evident in participants with a magnesium dietary intake lower than the recommended dietary allowance.
no significant differences emerged for the secondary outcomes investigated , and no serious adverse effects were reported.
conclusions : daily magnesium oxide supplementation for @number@ wk seems to improve physical performance in healthy elderly women.
these findings suggest a role for magnesium supplementation in preventing or delaying the age-related decline in physical performance.
objective : we tested whether attending to the present and discounting the future may moderate the influence of income on food insecurity.
three-way interactions showed that delay discounting interacted with financial planning and income to predict food insecurity ( p = @number@ ) .
the same 3-way interaction was observed when high food insecurity was predicted ( p = @number@ ) .
background : recent posttrial analysis of a completed randomized trial found an increased risk of prostate cancer among healthy men taking high-dose vitamin e supplements.
trials that examined the effect of vitamin c supplements on cancer risk are few.
the vitamin e and vitamin c treatment ended in @number@ and observational follow-up continued through @date@ .
during an overall mean of @number@ ( @number@ ) y , there were a total of @number@ incident prostate cancers and @number@ total cancers documented.
neither vitamin e nor vitamin c supplementation had effects on other site-specific cancers overall.
stratification by known cancer risk factors , history of cancer , other randomized treatment , and follow-up time showed no significant interactions.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a late-onset degenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord , brainstem , and motor cortex.
one important use of transgenic mouse models of sod1-als is the study of genetic influences on als severity.
results showed that resequencing of this region resulted in @number@ candidate genes with potentially functional differences between strains.
igg in none of the @number@ serum samples from clinic-based patients immunoprecipitated kir4.1 , but a commercial kir4.1-specific control igg did.
in all cases , igg binding was quenched by absorption with liver powder or lysates from non-transfected cells.
binding by the kir4.1-specific control igg was quenched only by lysates containing kir4.1.
igg in none of the @number@ csf samples from patients with multiple sclerosis bound to kir4.1-transfected cells.
serological testing for kir4.1-specific igg is unlikely to aid diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
the target antigen of multiple sclerosis remains elusive.
funding : the national institutes of health , the national multiple sclerosis society , and the mayo clinic robert and arlene kogod center on aging.
objective : dopamine transporter ( dat ) imaging shows age-related decline of ligand binding in the normal striatum , a decline attributed to regulatory changes.
parkinsonism was assessed by updrs iii and purdue pegboard.
binding ratios of [ ( @number@ ) f ] fp-cit were obtained in the putamen and caudate using the occipital cortex as reference.
disturbances of the swallowing process can occur at any age and might lead to choking.
however , the risk of dysphagia increases with advanced age.
this is not only due to a higher incidence of diseases that cause dysphagia , but also to age-related changes in the mechanisms of swallowing.
aging affects all of the anatomic structures involved in the swallowing process.
changes in swallowing function caused by aging alone are termed presbyphagia.
if these changes are so severe that their compensation is no longer possible , presbydysphagia occurs.
thirty-three ( mean age [ sd ] = @number@ [ @number@ ] years ; @percent@ female ) older adults with slow gait participated.
the relative reliability for all variables was excellent : icc = .81-.91.
introduction and hypothesis : the female pelvic floor is a complex network of ligaments and muscles whose mechanical properties have not been completely understood.
the goal of this study is to understand the biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor tissues of young women and the impact of aging.
results have been analyzed in order to define the characteristics of the mechanical properties of young pelvic soft tissues.
results have been compared with those in the literature in order to understand the similarities and discrepancies between young and old patients.
results : damageable , nonlinear elastic biomechanical behavior is observed.
the variation in stiffness among the pelvic floor organs could be shown.
this study shows that ligaments and the vaginal wall of young women have similar mechanical behavior while those of older women differ.
furthermore , young women's tissues differ slightly from older women's tissues.
conclusions : results show that aging and possibly diverse \ "trauma \ " have an impact on modifying the mechanical behavior of pelvic floor tissues.
over time pelvic floor ligaments and vaginal tissues will differentiate and acquire different mechanical behavior , as seen within the literature in older cadavers.
young subjects and tcps demonstrated better performance outcome and performance production than onps.
tai chi practitioners displayed better arm movement control than onps on a relatively challenging and functional stand-reaching task.
while changes in muscle function explain part of the age-related reduction in functional performance , ~60% of the deficit remains to be explained.
the results obtained from al-fed rats showed that diminished foxo6 activity during aging was caused by foxo6 phosphorylation , which disabled its transcriptional activity.
in contrast , cr rats were found to have significantly higher foxo6 activities and maintained redox balance.
this delineation of the role of foxo6 expands understanding of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of aging.
using data from the 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 waves of the chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey , we apply structural equation models to estimate these effects.
we find that favorable childhood conditions exert a negative direct impact on survival probability at senior ages , possibly resulting from mortality selection.
combining the direct and indirect effects , the total effects of childhood advantages on survival and health are positive.
we further demonstrate that direct and indirect effects of childhood conditions are stronger for women than they are for men.
our findings suggest that public policies that target childhood wellbeing may have far-reaching protective impacts on health among seniors.
the effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training ( hiprt ) on cardiovascular function and autonomic neural regulation in older adults are unclear.
maximal strength and qcsa increased in the hiprt group and did not change in the con group.
in conclusion , hiprt was effective at increasing muscle mass and strength without promoting changes in cardiovascular function or autonomic neural regulation.
background : aging is accompanied by progression of depressive symptoms , which significantly impair the prognosis and quality of life of elderly men.
currently , there are no polish reference values reflecting age-related changes in the intensity of depressive symptoms in healthy men.
methods : we examined @number@ healthy men , inhabitants of wroclaw , aged 32-79 , without any significant medical history.
the intensity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the polish version ia of beck depression inventory ( bdi ) .
there were differences in the intensity of depressive symptoms in the examined men ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : in poland , male aging is accompanied by an increase in the severity of depressive symptoms.
age , but not education , constitutes a major determinant of these symptoms.
the presented data may be used as reference values for bdi scores of healthy polish men in subsequent age categories.
these results suggest that melatonin is an important mediator in the formation of bone tissue.
it can prevent the premature destruction of bone and promote its recovery through mechanisms of melatonin-related receptors and receptors of independent action.
of @number@ patients who developed dementia , the estimated mean age at onset was @number@ years.
fifty-six patients ( demented and nondemented ) had late-onset seizures.
longevity and age at estimated onset among those receiving and not receiving antidepressants were compared.
cox proportional hazards models examined risks for dementia onset and death.
results : the mean age at dementia onset among those receiving antidepressants before onset was @number@ years versus @number@ years among others.
among the @number@ adults with late-onset seizures and dementia who died , mean survival after seizure onset was @number@ years.
further studies , however , are needed to confirm these associations , optimally in a clinical trial to confirm causality.
materials and methods : the silicone elastomers tested were low- and high-temperature vulcanizing materials , namely , premium and silasto @number@ respectively.
ten samples , @number@ × @number@ × @number@ mm3 , from each silicone were made and stored in sealed glass containers in the dark.
shore a hardness was measured according to the american society for testing materials specification d2240.
three recordings were made on each sample at baseline and then weekly for @number@ months ( quadruplicate per mo ) .
data were analyzed by general linear modeling for repeated measures and student-newman-keuls test for post hoc comparisons at α = @number@
for premium and silasto @number@ shore a hardness ranged from @number@ to @number@ and @number@ to @number@ respectively.
both elastomers showed shore a hardness values within clinical acceptable limits after aging.
purpose : to evaluate bone age determination using mri of the hand and wrist.
correlation between chronologic age and mr bone age was determined by means of simple linear regression analysis.
results : strong correlation between mr skeletal age and chronological age was observed for both investigators , pearson correlation r2 = @number@ for each.
conclusion : determination of bone age with mri is feasible and shows good interobserver reproducibility.
data from this study may be useful to develop an atlas of skeletal development and bone age.
objectives : conservation of resources ( cor ) theory postulates that individuals utilize various resources to manage stressful circumstances.
children employ many resources to cope with the problems of parents who suffer from disabilities , cognitive impairment , and functional limitations.
this phenomenon is rarely explored among middle-aged offspring and their aging parents.
we use multiple regression to examine maternal support and self-reported health as moderators of maternal problems on offspring depressive symptoms.
results : participants whose mothers had few problems generally reported low levels of depressive symptoms.
when mothers had high problems , results indicate a negative association between depressive symptoms and physical health.
when maternal problems were high , the amount of support offspring receive from their mother had a negative association with offspring depressive symptoms.
discussion : middle-aged offspring use both personal and family-based resources to buffer the psychological ramifications of their mother's problems.
our results provide a unique extension of cor theory.
objectives : prior studies of age-restricted samples have demonstrated that , in older adulthood , neuroticism is negatively associated with difficulties performing specific daily activities.
no studies of neuroticism and physical functioning have been conducted on life-span samples.
this study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between neuroticism and physical functioning is stronger in older people compared with younger and middle-aged adults.
longitudinal research is needed to confirm this finding and to identify potential mediators.
they , therefore , not only provide model systems to study normal aging processes but also give valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying senescence.
the mechanistic link between the aging process and disease pathogenesis , however , is still enigmatic.
nevertheless , measurement of lifespan , as a surrogate for biological aging , remains among the most frequently used assays in aging research.
this notion of common mechanisms gives rise to the converse postulate that diseases may be risk factors for accelerated aging.
however , human arsenic exposure is typically in the parts per billion ( ppb ) range.
thus , we studied \ "whole-life \ " inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis in mice at levels more relevant to humans.
tumors were assessed in these offspring.
arsenic exposure had no effect on pregnant dam weights or water consumption , litter size , offspring birthweight or weight at weaning compared to control.
thus , in cd1 mice whole-life arsenic exposure induced lung tumors at human-relevant doses ( i.e. , @number@ and @number@ ppb ) .
we examined the prevalence of anemia among elderly and sought a relationship between hemoglobin and the phenotype of frailty.
prevalence of frailty was @number@ %.
in community-dwelling older adults , low hemoglobin concentrations and anemia were independently associated with increased frailty risk.
this suggests that mild anemia and low hb levels are independent , modifiable risk factors for frailty.
with the ongoing ageing of western societies , the proportion of older breast cancer patients will increase.
the clinical trial register of the united states national institutes of health differences was searched for all current clinical trials on breast cancer treatment.
we included @number@ clinical trials.
nine trials ( @number@ % ) specifically investigated breast cancer treatment in older patients.
five of the trials in older patients incorporated a geriatric assessment ( @number@ % ) .
clinical trials still rarely incorporate patient-related endpoints , even in trials that specifically address older patients.
trials that are specifically designed for older patients do not often incorporate a geriatric assessment in their design.
in addition to aβ pathology , various lines of research have implicated neuroinflammation as an important participant in ad pathophysiology.
movement based interventions such as imagery and action observation are used increasingly to support physical rehabilitation of adults during early aging.
using eye movement metrics this paper reports findings that question the congruency of the three conditions.
in addition , the findings provide support for action observation as a more effective technique for movement reproduction in comparison to imagery.
aims : an association between t2dm and cognitive impairment has been reported among western populations , but data are limited in other settings.
we investigated the cross-sectional association between fasting blood glucose ( fbg ) and cognition in an older chinese population.
fasting glucose and lipids , and potential confounders were measured.
conclusions : an fbg level indicative of t2dm was associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment.
objective : this study examined the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among u.s. chinese older adults.
discussion : suicidal ideation was common among u.s. chinese older adults in the greater chicago area.
further longitudinal studies should be conducted to explore the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation.
method : fifty-five older adults were randomly assigned to an experimental group or an active control ( ac ) group.
a six-session individual training of lr based on specific positive events was carried out with the experimental group.
the ac group undertook a \ "media workshop \ " of six sessions focused on learning journalistic techniques.
pre-test and post-test measures included life satisfaction , depressive symptoms , experiencing the environment as rewarding , and autobiographical memory ( am ) scales.
results : lr intervention decreased depressive symptomatology , improved life satisfaction , and increased specific memories.
results : the analytic sample included @number@ older adults.
baseline analyses showed no significant racial / ethnic differences in the probability or number of falls.
latinos did not differ from non-hispanic whites in the likelihood or number of falls.
discussion : african americans are less likely to experience initial or recurrent falls than non-hispanic whites.
stimuli were dots presented at three different eccentricities along the horizontal , oblique , and vertical diameters and three interstimulus intervals.
importantly , older athletes lose their pv advantage , as compared with young athletes.
this study tested the hypothesis that memory impairment in patients with als is related to hippocampal degeneration.
consecutive patients with als ( @number@ ) and @number@ matched controls participated in standardized neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging.
patients with als performed worse in global cognitive functioning and executive and verbal memory tests ( p < @number@ ) .
the hippocampus was manually segmented in each hemisphere , and volumes were calculated with correction for intracranial volume.
in patients with hemiparkinsonism , l-dopa is likely to facilitate a compensation of functional abnormalities possibly through an increased thalamic fc.
objective : to investigate the association between nutritional status and functional limitation and disability in an elderly population in southern brazil.
methods : epidemiological , cross-sectional household-based study carried out with @number@ elderly of both sexes ( @number@ to @number@ years ) .
conclusion : nutritional status is a factor that is independently and positively associated with functional limitation and disability.
we recommend the use of this indicator to monitor the health of the elderly.
germ cell and embryonic stem cells are inextricably linked in many aspects.
remarkably both can generate all somatic cell types in organisms.
yet the molecular regulation accounting for these similarities is not fully understood.
cyclin k was previously thought to associate with cdk9 to regulate gene expression.
however , we and others have recently shown that its cognate interacting partners are cdk12 and cdk13 in mammalian cells.
we further demonstrated that cyclin k is essential for embryonic stem cell maintenance.
in this study , we examined the expression of cyclin k in various murine and human tissues.
we found that cyclin k is highly expressed in mammalian testes in a developmentally regulated manner.
during neonatal spermatogenesis , cyclin k is highly expressed in gonocytes and spermatogonial stem cells.
in adult testes , cyclin k can be detected in spermatogonial stem cells but is absent in differentiating spermatogonia , spermatids and spermatozoa.
interestingly , the strongest expression of cyclin k is detected in primary spermatocytes.
in addition , we found that cyclin k is highly expressed in human testicular cancers.
knockdown of cyclin k in a testicular cancer cell line markedly reduces cell proliferation.
collectively , we suggest that cyclin k may be a novel molecular link between germ cell development , cancer development and embryonic stem cell maintenance.
the @number@ and the @number@ untranslated regions ( utr ) of the insulin genes are very well conserved across species.
although micrornas ( mirnas ) are known to regulate insulin secretion process , direct regulation of insulin biosynthesis by mirna has not been reported.
here , we show that mouse microrna mir-196b can specifically target the @number@'utr of the long insulin2 splice isoform.
using reporter assays we show that mir-196b specifically increases the translation of the reporter protein luciferase.
we further show that this translation activation is abolished when argonaute @number@ levels are knocked down after transfection with an argonaute 2-directed sirna.
we present data suggesting that the rna-binding protein hud , which represses insulin translation , is displaced by mir-196b.
together , our findings identify a mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of insulin biosynthesis.
among @number@ class iii obesity participants , mortality rates were @number@ in men and @number@ in women during the study period ( 1976-2009 ) .
among @number@ normal-weight participants , rates were @number@ and @number@ in men and women , respectively.
a limitation was that bmi was mainly ascertained by self-report.
please see later in the article for the editors ' summary.
the purpose of this study was to identify clinical predictors for vt achievement in patients with intermittent claudication.
oxygen uptake ( v˙o2 ) was continuously measured during the test , and afterwards , vt was visually detected.
clinical characteristics , demographic data , comorbid conditions , and cardiovascular risk factors were obtained.
patients who achieved and did not achieve vt were compared , as well as the workload that vt occurred in the former group.
aging is associated to disrupted contractility and rhythmicity , among other cardiovascular alterations.
drosophila melanogaster shows a pattern of aging similar to human beings and recapitulates the arrhythmogenic conditions found in the human heart.
moreover , the kinase camkii has been characterized as an important regulator of heart function and an arrhythmogenic molecule that participate in ca2 + handling.
using a genetically engineered expressed ca2 + indicator , we report changes in cardiac ca2 + handling at two different ages.
aging prolonged relaxation , reduced spontaneous heart rate ( hr ) and increased the occurrence of arrhythmias , ectopic beats and asystoles.
inhibition of camkii by kn-93 ( camkii-specific inhibitor ) , reduced hr without significant changes in other parameters.
by contrast , overexpression of camkii increased hr and reduced arrhythmias.
moreover , it increased fluorescence amplitude , maximal rate of rise of fluorescence and reduced time to peak fluorescence.
these results suggest that camkii in drosophila melanogaster acts directly on heart function and that increasing camkii expression levels could be beneficial to improve contractility.
bitumen extraction from the oil sands of northern alberta produces large volumes of process-affected water that contains substances toxic to wildlife.
in adults , exposed birds had higher vanadium , and , following the final exposure , higher bicarbonate.
exposed females had higher bile acid , globulin , and molybdenum levels , and males , higher corticosterone.
methods : one hundred twenty-two women with stress urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence were included in this prospective controlled study.
all three groups were provided an individual home exercise program throughout the 12-week study.
data were analyzed using analysis of variance.
results : there were no statistically significant differences in pre-exercise training pelvic floor muscle strength parameters among the three groups.
after @number@ weeks , there were statistically significant increases in perfect scheme , brink scale , perineometry , and ultrasound values.
the lowest increase was observed in group @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
women in the late menopausal transition and early menopause are least responsive to pelvic floor muscle strength training.
further studies in this field are needed.
purpose : osteoporosis poses a great threat to the aging society.
hypochlorhydric or achlorhydric conditions are risk factors for osteoporosis.
atrophic gastritis also decreases gastric acid production ; however , the role of atrophic gastritis as a related factor for osteoporosis is unclear.
we investigated the relationship between atrophic gastritis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women over @number@ years of age.
subjects and methods : a total of @number@ postmenopausal women were included in this cross-sectional study , which was conducted during their medical check-ups.
bone mineral densitometry was measured using a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : the proportion of people with atrophic gastritis was higher in the osteoporotic group than in the group without osteoporosis.
conclusions : atrophic gastritis is associated with an increased likelihood of osteoporosis in korean elderly women.
there are several ways to evaluate inappropriate prescribing , with various levels of support for their use.
we review the most widely used.
older adults are more susceptible than younger ones to chemotherapy toxicity , and may require dose modifications.
bipolar radiofrequency ( rf ) has been used to treat photodamage.
periorbital rhytides are often difficult to treat.
however , legitimate data based on nc886's correct identity for its functional cellular roles as a tumor suppressor have not been provided yet.
all these activities of nc886 are undoubtedly independent of mature microrna or vault rna.
our data indicate that nc886 is a putative tumor suppressor and could potentially be used as a diagnostic marker in gastric cancer.
importance : α-synuclein ( snca ) locus duplications are associated with variable clinical features and reduced penetrance but the reasons underlying this variability are unknown.
results : we identified a large @number@ mb duplication of the snca locus in this family.
neuropathological analysis showed extensive α-synuclein pathology with minimal phospho-tau pathology.
genetic analysis showed an increased burden of parkinson disease-related risk factors and the disease-predisposing h1 / h1 microtubule-associated protein tau haplotype.
statistical analysis of previously published cases suggested there is a trend toward increasing disease severity and disease penetrance with increasing duplication size.
conclusions and relevance : these findings further expand the phenotypic spectrum of snca locus duplications.
increased dosage of genes located within the duplicated region probably cannot increase disease risk and disease severity without the contribution of additional risk factors.
older patients may prove a diagnostic challenge due to co-morbidities.
methods : @number@ non-surgical patients aged ≥ @number@ years were consecutively enrolled upon admission to the ed.
two cardiologists independently adjudicated the final diagnosis of ahf after reviewing all available baseline data excluding the biomarkers.
we assessed changes in c-index , integrated discrimination improvement ( idi ) , and net reclassification improvement ( nri ) for the multimarker approach.
results : ahf was diagnosed in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ( age 81±6 years , @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
no other dual or triple biomarker combination showed a significant improvement of both c-index and idi.
conclusion : in older patients presenting to the ed , the addition of ct-proet-1 or mr-proadm to nt-probnp improves diagnostic accuracy of ahf.
both dual biomarker approaches offer significant risk reclassification improvement over nt-probnp.
we used voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics for voxel-wise analyses of gray matter volume and diffusion tensor imaging measures.
using resting-state fmri scans , we assessed whole-brain functional connectivity to frontoinsular , anterior midcingulate , and posterior cingulate cortices.
worse performance on stroop iii , rivermead behavioral memory test , and happé cartoons correlated with higher age in carriers , but not controls.
reduced fractional anisotropy in the right uncinate fasciculus was found in carriers compared with controls.
we found no significant differences or age correlations in posterior cingulate cortex connectivity.
no differences in regional gray matter volume were found , except for a small cluster of higher volume in the precentral gyrus in carriers.
conclusions : this study demonstrates that alterations in structural and functional connectivity develop before the first symptoms of ftd arise.
these findings suggest that diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state fmri may have the potential to become sensitive biomarkers for early ftd in future clinical trials.
this effect was not apparent in other hippocampal subfields.
moreover , this mechanism may be relevant for understanding memory muddles in aging and pathological states.
background : socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are well-known in middle-aged and younger old adults , but the situation of the oldest old is less clear.
the aim of this study was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities for all-cause , cardiovascular and dementia mortality among the people aged @number@ or older.
methods : the data source was a mailed survey in the vitality 90 + study ( n = @number@ ) in @number@
the whole cohort of people @number@ years or over irrespective of health status or dwelling place in a geographical area was invited to participate.
the participation rate was @percent@.
socioeconomic status was measured by occupation and education , and health status by functioning and comorbidity.
all-cause and cause-specific mortality was followed for @number@ years.
the cox regression , with hazard ratios ( hr ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) , was applied.
results : the all-cause and dementia mortality differed by occupational class.
inequalities in all-cause mortality were largely explained by the differences in functioning.
the situation was similar according to education , but inequalities were not statistically significant.
socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular mortality were not significant.
mainly , mortality differences are explained by differences in functional status.
the outer segments of cones serve as light detectors for daylight color vision , and their dysfunction leads to human blindness conditions.
however , the number of cones remained unchanged.
the loss of the outer segments occurred gradually over @number@ month , and during this time the genetic signature of cones decreased.
reexpression of the sensory-cell-specific mir-182 and mir-183 prevented outer segment loss.
our results show that mir-182- and mir-183-regulated pathways are necessary for cone outer segment maintenance in vivo and functional outer segment formation in vitro.
because of the extremely high malignance , this disease is usually diagnosed at its advanced stage and recurs even after surgical excision.
to date , scientists have revealed several risk factors for pancreatic cancer , including smoking , family history , and aging.
however , the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.
dna damage is a recurring phenomenon in our bodies which could be induced by exogenous agents and endogenous metabolism.
accumulated dna lesions cause genomic instability which eventually results in tumorigenesis.
the persistent dna damage in pancreatic tissue may be the source for its tumorigenesis.
nineteen cn aβ42 + and @number@ subjects with aβ42 levels above @number@ pg / ml ( cn aβ42- ) were included.
however , no differences were found in other diffusion tensor imaging indexes.
cognitive reserve scores were positively associated with axd exclusively in the cn aβ42 + group.
in aged mice , we assessed how intensive exercise affects brain bioenergetics , inflammation , and neurogenesis-relevant parameters.
our data are consistent with another study that found systemic inflammation in general , and ccl11 protein specifically , suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis.
reactive astrocytes and microglia are associated with amyloid plaques in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
yet , not much is known about the molecular alterations underlying this reactive phenotype.
as expected , both cell types acquired a proinflammatory phenotype , which confirms the validity of our approach.
interestingly , we observed that the immune alteration in astrocytes was relatively more pronounced than in microglia.
concurrently , our data reveal that astrocytes display a reduced expression of neuronal support genes and genes involved in neuronal communication.
the microglia showed a reduced expression of phagocytosis and / or endocytosis genes.
the analysis also compares chronic disease and pain status.
multivariate logistic regression models were developed to identify generational differences.
chronic pain status was independently associated with greater cam use ( adjusted odds ratio , @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions : baby boomers reported significantly higher rates of cam use than the silent generation for both chronic diseases and painful conditions.
adult cognition and age-related cognitive decline can be influenced by dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis with concomitant changes in cortisol levels.
however , very little is known about the role of childhood cognition and educational attainment in this relationship.
verbal memory , letter search speed and reaction time were assessed at age 60-64 years.
salivary cortisol samples ( wakening , @number@ min after wakening and evening ) were collected at the same age.
childhood cognitive ability was measured at ages @number@ @number@ and @number@ and educational level was reported at age @number@
associations between cortisol , childhood cognition , educational attainment and cognitive function in midlife were tested using linear regression and structural equation modelling approaches.
higher evening cortisol level was associated with slower reaction time and lower verbal memory.
these associations were independent of childhood cognition and education as well as a range of other potential confounders.
childhood cognition and education were not directly associated with evening cortisol.
there was little evidence of associations between the other cortisol measures and cognitive function.
background : individuals with schizophrenia have functionally significant deficits in automatic and controlled social cognition , but no currently available pharmacologic treatments reduce these deficits.
the neuropeptide oxytocin has multiple prosocial effects when administered intranasally in humans and there is growing interest in its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia.
conversely , oxytocin administration had limited effects on social cognition in healthy participants.
patients and controls performed equally well and there were no effects of oxytocin administration on the control task.
discussion : intact social cognitive abilities are associated with better functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections and diseases.
it has also been associated with reduced functionality and altered distribution of immune cells , especially t cells.
healthy , elderly individuals of chinese ethnical background were recruited under the aegis of slas-ii.
in our study , we identified a reduced frequency of γ / δ t cells but not α / β t cells with aging.
the hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is an exceptionally rare medical disorder caused by mutations in the lamin a / c gene.
affected patients display typical features of premature aging.
beside general medical disorders , these patients have several specific features related to the craniofacial phenotype and the oral cavity.
in this article , the dental and craniofacial characteristics of a 9-year-old girl with hgps are presented.
it is the first report addressing orthodontic tooth movement and microbiological features in a hgps patient.
we describe and discuss pathologic findings and provide a detailed histology of the teeth which had to be extracted during initial treatment.
many of the pathologies associated with the aging process also contribute to tumor initiation , growth or metastasis.
insights from biogerontology may be instrumental for developing new therapies for cancer.
this chapter highlights the rationale for combining biogerontology and cancer research to generate new strategies for cancer treatment.
redox-mediated posttranslational modifications represent a molecular switch that controls major mechanisms of cell function.
nitric oxide ( no ) can mediate redox reactions via s-nitrosylation , representing transfer of an no group to a critical protein thiol.
no is known to modulate neurogenesis and neuronal survival in various brain regions in disparate neurodegenerative conditions.
however , a unifying molecular mechanism linking these phenomena remains unknown.
structure-based analysis reveals that mef2 dimerization creates a pocket , facilitating s-nitrosylation at an evolutionally conserved cysteine residue in the dna binding domain.
s-nitrosylation disrupts mef2-dna binding and transcriptional activity , leading to impaired neurogenesis and survival in vitro and in vivo.
our data define a molecular switch whereby redox-mediated posttranslational modification controls both neurogenesis and neurodegeneration via a single transcriptional signaling cascade.
six different asps were used to derive inter-scanner correction equations.
inter-scanner variability was considerably higher than intra-scanner precision , even in cases where the mean inter-scanner difference was statistically insignificant.
the results of this study show that significant inter-scanner differences in qct-based measurements of bmd and bone strength can remain even when using an asp.
a paradoxical negative association between obesity and the plasma b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) level has been firmly established.
an individual's fat mass increases and muscle mass decreases with aging.
because aging is a potent determinant of plasma bnp levels , bnp may be related not only to fat mass but also to muscle mass.
however , no studies have evaluated the associations between body composition and plasma levels of bnp.
we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate these associations in @number@ apparently healthy middle-aged to elderly subjects.
the abdominal visceral fat area and thigh muscle cross-sectional area ( csa ) were quantified by computed tomography.
plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were measured as possible confounding parameters.
these findings indicate that along with adiposity , muscle mass is an independent determinant of plasma bnp.
we investigated whether individual differences in general fluid intelligence and speed of processing would predict inattentional blindness in our sample of older adults.
thirty-six healthy older adults took part in the study.
using the inattentional blindness paradigm developed by most et al.
a mann-whitney u test revealed that a higher score on the raven's advanced progressive matrices was significantly associated with lower incidences of inattentional blindness.
however , a t test revealed that choice-reaction times were not significantly associated with inattentional blindness.
moreover , our findings are consistent with previous studies that have suggested executive attention control may be the source of these individual differences.
these findings also highlight the association between attention and general fluid intelligence and how it may impact environmental awareness.
future research would benefit from repeating these analyses in a larger sample and also including a younger comparison group.
purpose : to determine the prevalence of refractive conditions in the adult population that visited primary care optometry clinics in puerto rico.
subjects considered had best corrected visual acuity by standardized subjective refraction of 20 / 40 or better.
the refractive errors were classified by the spherical equivalent ( se ) : sphere + ½ cylinder.
astigmatism equal or higher than @number@ d in minus cylinder form was used.
results : a total of @number@ randomly selected subjects older than @number@ years of age were selected.
hyperopia was more common in females than males although the difference was not statistically significant.
the mean spherical equivalent values was hyperopic until @number@ y / o and decreased slightly as the population ages.
conclusion : hyperopia is the most common refractive error and its prevalence and seems to increase among the aging population who visited the clinics.
further programs and studies must be developed to address the refractive errors needs of the adult puerto rican population.
ideal free distribution theory predicts that individuals distribute themselves so fitness is equal among patches.
we summed per capita recruitment and adult survival to calculate estimates of lambda.
we conclude that adult female black brant distribute themselves in an ideal free manner , resulting in equal fitness among females using these areas.
i conducted face-to-face , semistructured interviews with @number@ dyads of matched elders and their children ( n = @number@ ) .
the findings suggest that caregiving crises triggered intergenerational communication about caregiving alternatives and new arrangements , although each generation had different stances and motivations.
children finalized the decision by helping their parents to manage the uncertainties pertaining to institutionalization.
this study sheds light on caregiving decision-making dynamics for the increasing aging population across cultures.
objective : it has been suggested that the extent to which older adults identify with ' old-age ' is associated with greater subjective ill-health.
we examined whether country-level differences in the perceived status of older adults moderated the effect of age identification on subjective ill-health.
results : @percent@ of the total variance in older people's subjective ill-health was due to country differences.
conclusion : the results provide an important insight into being ascribed a higher social status is likely to have a protective function for older people.
these cells experience nutrient starvation , acidic stress , hypoxic stress , hyperglycemic stress , osmotic stress and mechanical stress.
understanding the detailed responses and complex adaptive mechanisms of disc cells to various stresses might provide some clues to guide therapy for disc degeneration.
interestingly , most of these stresses activate autophagy , a self-protective mechanism by which dysfunctional protein and organelles are degraded.
therefore , autophagy modulation might be a potential therapeutic method to treat disc degeneration.
delivery of melatonin and targeting melatonin receptors pose as neuroprotective strategies for stroke therapy.
the potential of melatonin-based therapeutics for clinical application in stroke patients requires translational research to guide the conduct of clinical trials.
we review recent preclinical and clinical data that support the use of melatonin for stroke.
sirtuins comprise a family of deacetylase enzymes that catalyze the removal of an acetyl moiety from the ɛ-amino group of lysine residues within protein targets.
inhibition of sirt1 could be useful for cancer treatment while activators can be useful for longevity and treating metabolic disorders.
hence we undertook an effort to design both inhibitors and activators using structure-based drug design techniques and report here the biological proof of concept.
current evidence suggests that preoperative statin therapy , tight glycemic control or urine alkalinization with bicarbonate do not protect the kidneys from harm.
summary : the future increase in elderly patients being exposed to surgery calls for improved perioperative management to prevent collaterally increased aki.
behavioral results replicated earlier findings with older adults tested in the morning better able to ignore distraction than those tested in the afternoon.
we aimed to determine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) on gait in obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) patients.
gait during single and dual tasks was recorded in @number@ osa patients at baseline and after @number@ weeks of cpap therapy.
step and stance time improved after cpap.
we showed a specific dual-task effect in the condition of verbal fluency.
eight weeks of cpap seems to improve gait of osa patients that are specifically disturbed by the dual task of verbal fluency.
much less is known about the prevalence of skin cancer prevention messages in these magazines.
overall , @number@ issues of the five magazines with a total of @number@ articles and @number@ advertisements were analyzed.
of the @number@ articles , a mere @percent@ ( n = 23 ) were devoted to skin.
of the @number@ skin product advertisements , less than @percent@ of the products contained sun protection factor ( spf ) .
the role of these magazines in building health literacy among their readers is also discussed.
interstitial concentration of amyloid beta ( aß ) is positively related to synaptic activity in animal experiments.
in humans , aß deposition in alzheimer's disease overlaps with cortical regions highly active earlier in life.
white matter lesions ( wml ) disrupt connections between gray matter ( gm ) regions which in turn changes their activation patterns.
wml masks from @number@ cognitively normal ( age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ women ) individuals were obtained from t2-flair.
mri and pet images were normalized into common space , segmented and parcellated into gray matter ( gm ) regions.
the effects of wml on connected gm regions were assessed using the change in connectivity ( chaco ) score.
defined for each gm region , chaco is the percentage of wm tracts connecting to that region that pass through the wml mask.
the regional relationship between chaco , glucose uptake and aß was explored via linear regression.
regional regression also revealed that both chaco ( β = @number@ ) and fdg-pet ( β = @number@ ) were significant predictors of pib.
in conclusion , brain regions with more lesions in connecting wm had lower glucose metabolism and lower aß deposition.
introduction : many human diseases result from a failure of a single protein to achieve the correct folding and tertiary conformation.
these so-called ' conformational diseases ' involve diverse proteins and distinctive cellular pathologies.
they all engage the proteostasis network ( pn ) , to varying degrees in an attempt to mange cellular stress and restore protein homeostasis.
areas covered : this review focuses on novel approaches to target conformational diseases.
the authors discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of the iis pathway in modulating the pn and regulating proteostasis in caenorhabditis elegans.
expert opinion : an alternative approach to develop individualized therapy for each conformational disease is to modulate the global pn.
the involvement of the iis pathway in regulating longevity and response to a variety of stresses is well documented.
increasing data now provide evidence for the close association between the iis and the pn pathways.
objective : to examine the association of patient- and medication-related factors with postdischarge medication errors.
patients and methods : the vanderbilt inpatient cohort study includes adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes and / or acute decompensated heart failure.
we used binomial logistic regression to determine predictors of discordance between the discharge medication list and the patient-reported list during postdischarge medication review.
in addition , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) had a misunderstanding in indication , dose , or frequency in a cardiac medication.
these structural abnormalities result in microinfarcts and hemorrhages in the central nervous system.
the pathomechanisms of caa remain unknown.
although improvements in imaging techniques have allowed us to identify patients with caa more readily , pathological examination is still essential for a definite diagnosis.
there have been no curative treatments for caa so far.
amyloid deposition is mainly seen in the myocardium , resulting in arrhythmia ( atrial fibrillation ) and / or heart failure.
sporadic inclusion body myositis ( sibm ) is an intractable and progressive skeletal muscle disease of unknown etiology and without effective treatment.
while the etiology is still unknown , however , genetic factors , aging , life style , and environmental factors may be involved.
recent studies implicate amyloid beta accumulation , defects of proteolysis , and immune system abnormalities.
the clinical course is slow with chronic worsening.
diagnosis of sibm is usually made @number@ years after onset.
muscle weakness and atrophy in the quadriceps , wrist flexor and finger flexors are the typical neurological findings of sibm.
dysphagia and asymmetric weakness are often found.
serum creatine kinase is usually below @number@ iu / l. sibm is generally refractory to current therapy , such as steroids or immunosuppressants.
elucidation of the pathomechanism of sibm is the most important to therapy.
andrographolide , the major bioactive component of andrographis paniculata , has been demonstrated to have various biological properties including anti-inflammation , antioxidation , and anti-hepatotoxicity.
oxidative stress is considered a major risk factor in aging , inflammation , cancer , atherosclerosis , and diabetes mellitus.
nadph oxidase is a major source of endogenous reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
in this study , we used ea.hy926 endothelial-like cells to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide.
andrographolide induced the gene expression of heme oxygenase @number@ ( ho-1 ) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit ( gclm ) in a time-dependent manner.
these characteristics are all influenced quite significantly by sex.
however , our understanding of the specific molecular , cellular , and network level processes responsible for mediating sex differences in epilepsy remains limited.
aging is associated to dysfunctional changes in the immune system , a process termed immunosenescence.
this condition not only results from , but also drives immunosenescence.
however , the causes of these alterations on nk cells in old donors are not fully understood.
in this work we analyse nk cell subsets in the elderly in relation with markers of inflammation and health status.
background : intramuscular adipose tissue ( imat ) of the lower extremity is a strong negative predictor of mobility function.
variability in temporal gait factors is another important predictor of mobility function.
temporal gait measures were collected on a gaitrite walkway and gait variability was determined by calculating intraindividual standard deviations.
individuals were divided by tertiles of temporal gait variability into categories of high , medium , and low variability.
gmed / min imat was related to stride width variability ( r = 0.30 , p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : increased imat in the proximal hip muscles , particularly the hip abductors , was associated with increased gait variability and poorer balance.
synapses are the building blocks of neuronal networks.
spines , the postsynaptic elements , are morphologically the most plastic part of the synapse.
it is thought that spine plasticity underlies learning and memory processes , driven by kinases and cytoskeleton protein reorganization.
spine strength depends primarily on the number of incorporated glutamatergic receptors , which are more numerous in larger spines.
intrinsic and circadian fluctuations , occurring independently of presynaptic stimulation , demonstrate the native instability of spines.
despite innate spine instability some spines remain intact lifelong.
threats to spine survival are reduced by physical and mental activity , and declining sensory input , conditions characteristic for aging.
it can be speculated that this shift towards memory spines contributes to enhanced retention of remote memories typically seen in the elderly.
gaining further insight in spine plasticity regulation , its homeostatic nature and how to maintain spine health will be important future research topics in neuroscience.
aims : to establish self-rated health , health-related behaviours and health conditions of maori and non-maori in advanced age.
method : lilacs nz is a longitudinal study.
socioeconomic-demographic characteristics and health-related behaviours were established using interviewer administered questionnaire.
self-rated health was obtained from the sf-12.
medical conditions were established from a combination of self-report , review of general practitioner and hospital discharge records , and analyses of fasting blood samples.
results : @percent@ maori and @percent@ non-maori rated their health from good to excellent.
eleven percent of maori and @percent@ of non-maori smoked ; @percent@ maori and @percent@ non-maori had alcohol on at least @number@ occasions per week.
physical activity was higher in maori than non-maori ( p = 0.035 ) and the relationship was attenuated when adjusted for age.
the three most common health conditions were hypertension ( @percent@ ) , eye diseases ( @percent@ ) and coronary artery disease ( @percent@ ) .
the health profile differed by gender and ethnicity.
overall , participants had a median of five health conditions.
conclusion : self-rated health is high in this sample considering the number of comorbidities.
there are differences in health behaviours and health conditions between genders and by ethnicity in advanced age.
the significance of health conditions in men and women , maori and non-maori in advanced age will be examined longitudinally.
oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species plays a crucial role in pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases.
in the former assay , sesquiterpenoids were more potent than diterpenoids.
the c-4 carbonyl group in the carabrane-type sesquiterpenoid @number@ and the c-9 ether linkage in the germacrane sesquiterpene @number@ were associated with the enhanced potency.
this report is the first to describe the inhibitory effects on oxidative stress of secondary metabolites from s. pubescens.
its findings suggest that active terpenoids from the herb could be used as lead anti-inflammatory agents.
we aimed to examine trajectories of inflammatory markers and cognitive decline over @number@ years.
we tested for interactions by sex and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype.
there were no significant associations between slope or baseline level of crp and cognitive decline nor between interleukin-6 and cognitive decline.
depression and aggression in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are @number@ of the most severe and prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms ( nps ) .
altered monoaminergic neurotransmitter system functioning has been implicated in both nps , although their neurochemical etiology remains to be elucidated.
left frozen hemispheres of @number@ neuropathologically confirmed ad patients were regionally dissected.
these findings indicate that brain region-specific altered monoamines and metabolites may contribute to the occurrence of depression and aggression in ad.
several common genetic variants influence cholesterol levels , which play a key role in overall health.
a follow-up analysis detected white matter associations with rs5882 in the opposite direction in @number@ older individuals ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
cholesterol levels may influence white matter integrity , and cholesterol-related genes may exert age-dependent effects on the brain.
less attention has been paid to alternative mechanisms , including parental socio-demographic characteristics or the timing of parental death.
at ages 50-72 advanced parental age also predicted higher mortality , though not as strongly.
adjustment for parental socio-demographic characteristics ( education , occupation , family size , household crowding , language ) weakened the associations only slightly.
body composition and isokinetic strength were assessed before and after the exercise program.
blood samples were collected to identify cvd risk factors.
isokinetic strength was also significantly greater in the ct group than in the at group ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : an 8-week combined exercise program benefits body composition , especially lean mass , and positively affects isokinetic strength and cvd risk factors.
ageism has many cumulative negative health effects , so reducing ageism in college-age youths can have a significant , long-term impact on public health.
one of the few proven methods for reducing ageist ideation is through participation in a video screening and a pair of follow-up conversations.
this intervention is similar to the regular activities of many faculty members in the humanities.
humanities research also will benefit from expanded understandings of aging and old age.
we believe that words and concepts have deep implications for how concepts ( such as aging ) are culturally and historically perceived.
according to the earliest entries of the term in the oxford english dictionary , events can have good or bad success.
another definition marks success as outcome oriented.
attending to the origins of success can help gerontologists understand the humanistic tradition behind their inquiry into what successful aging means today.
the bem sex role inventory ( bsri ) is the most commonly used and validated gender role measurement tool across countries and age groups.
however , it has been rarely validated in older adults and sporadically used in aging and health studies.
perceived gender role is a crucial part of a person's identity and an established determinant of health.
androgyny model suggests that those with high levels of both masculinity and femininity ( androgynous ) are more adaptive and hence have better health.
the bsri and health indicator questions were completed by @number@ community-dwelling adults aged 65 + living in aragon , spain.
exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine psychometric properties of the bsri.
androgyny was measured by three approaches : geometric mean , t-ratio , and traditional four-gender groups classification.
relationships between health indicators and gender roles were explored.
factor analysis resulted in two-factor solution consistent with the original masculine and feminine items with high loadings and good reliability.
there were no associations between biological sex and gender roles.
different gender role measurement approaches classified participants differently into gender role groups.
overall , androgyny was associated with better mobility and physical and mental health.
senile amyloid plaques are one of the diagnostic hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the severity of clinical symptoms of ad is weakly correlated with the plaque load.
ad symptoms severity is reported to be more strongly correlated with the level of soluble amyloid-β ( aβ ) assemblies.
formation of soluble aβ assemblies is stimulated by monomeric aβ accumulation in the brain , which has been related to its faulty cerebral clearance.
studies tend to focus on the neurotoxicity of specific aβ species.
there are relatively few studies investigating toxic effects of aβ on the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) .
consistent with its effect on aβ transport , aβ mixture treatment for 24h resulted in lrp1 down-regulation and rage up-regulation in hcmec / d3 cells.
the individual aβ species separately failed to alter aβ clearance or the cell-based bbb model integrity.
we use an inverse-probability weighted ( ipw ) estimator to derive a doubly robust augmented inverse-probability weighted ( aipw ) estimator.
ipw estimation involves weights for the exposure mechanism , dropout , and mortality ; aipw estimation additionally involves estimating data-generating models via regression.
we demonstrate that the estimators identify a causal contrast that is a function of principal strata effects under a set of assumptions.
we apply the method to a study of vitamin d and gait speed among older adults.
results : age-stereotype negativity was resilient despite encountering stressful events.
in contrast , more negative age stereotypes were associated with a @percent@ greater likelihood of experiencing a hospitalization.
discussion : the robustness of negative age stereotypes was expressed in their capacity to resist change as well as generate it.
objectives : research shows that socially disadvantaged groups especially african americans and people of low socioeconomic status ( ses ) experience more unstable social environments.
i argue that this causes higher rates of turnover within their personal social networks.
this is a particularly important issue among disadvantaged older adults , who may benefit from stable networks.
this article , therefore , examines whether social disadvantage is related to various aspects of personal network change.
data collection in wave @number@ included a technique for comparing respondents ' confidant network rosters between waves.
rates of network losses , deaths , and additions were modeled using multivariate poisson regression.
results : african americans and low-ses individuals lost more confidants especially due to death than did whites and college-educated respondents.
african americans also added more confidants than whites.
these trends are partly , but not entirely , explained by disadvantaged individuals ' poorer health and their greater risk of widowhood or marital dissolution.
discussion : additional work is needed to shed light on the role played by race- and class-based segregation on group differences in social network turnover.
it is crucial in systemic skeletal diseases , when deformities affect limbs and the surgeon does not have an intact limb as a reference.
material and methods : teleradiographs of the lower limbs taken in children with unilateral congenital or posttraumatic deformity were retrospectively reviewed.
weight-bearing full-length anteroposterior radiographs of the entire lower extremities were taken in a standing position.
simple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the patient's age and the magnitude of ampfa , aldfa , ampta and aldta.
simple regression analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between patient age and the magnitude of ampfa : the correlation coefficient was @number@
conclusion : in general , the received values were concordant to results of other studies.
it concerned the mad , aldfa , ampta and angle between the mechanical limb axis and anatomic femoral axis.
this is the first chronological evaluation of ampfa and aldta from a relavively large series of patients.
cross-sectional studies show that older people with better cognition tend to walk faster.
there was a bidirectional relationship between walking speed and fluid cognition.
effect sizes were small.
after further adjustment for other covariates , effect sizes were attenuated but most remained statistically significant.
we found some evidence that walking speed and the fluid cognitive domains of executive function and processing speed may change in parallel with increasing age.
maintenance of physical function is a key attribute of successful aging.
subjective and objective measures of physical function were compared between the two groups , accounting for potential confounders.
of the @number@ longenity subjects , @number@ were opel and @number@ were opus.
results support the protective role of exceptional parental longevity in preventing decline in physical function , possibly via genetic mechanisms that should be further explored.
life-long regular endurance exercise is known to counteract the deterioration of cardiovascular and metabolic function and overall mortality.
age cross-links ( pentosidine ) of the patellar tendon were measured biochemically , and in the skin , it was assessed by a fluorometric method.
in addition , we determined mechanical properties and microstructure of the patellar tendon.
life-long regular endurance runners ( master athletes ) had a @number@ % lower age cross-link density compared to old untrained.
furthermore , both master athletes and young athletes displayed a thicker patellar tendon.
these cross-sectional data suggest that life-long regular endurance running can partly counteract the aging process in connective tissue by reducing age-related accumulation of ages.
this may not only benefit skin and tendon but also other long-lived protein tissues in the body.
the brain has a high level of complexity and needs continuous oxygen supply.
eyes-closed resting electroencephalographic ( eeg ) data of @number@ patients with chf were recorded by @number@ electrodes positioned according the international 10-20 system.
results suggest that delta and alpha λ indices are good markers of the severity of chf.
acute inflammation may impact ventricular-vascular coupling and predispose older adults to cardiovascular events.
however , physically active older adults have more compliant large arteries and left ventricles and lower inflammation than sedentary older adults.
ultrasonography was used to measure ventricular volumes and other indices of cardiac performance.
physical activity was measured with accelerometry.
older , but not younger , adults decreased central pressure during inflammation ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : aging did not affect the elastance responses but did affect central blood pressure and other ventricular systolic responses to acute inflammation.
aging , not physical activity , appears to modulate cardiovascular responses to acute inflammation , except in the most active older adults.
we investigate the impact of pharmaceutical innovation on longevity , hospitalization and medical expenditure in turkey during the period 1999-2010 using longitudinal , disease-level data.
from @number@ to @number@ mean age at death increased by @number@ years , from @number@ to @number@ years.
we estimate that in the absence of any pharmaceutical innovation , mean age at death would have increased by only @number@ years.
hence , pharmaceutical innovation is estimated to have increased mean age at death in turkey by @number@ years during the period 1999-2008.
we also examine the effect of pharmaceutical innovation on hospital utilization.
we estimate that pharmaceutical innovation has reduced the number of hospital days by approximately @percent@ per year.
the baseline estimate of the cost per life-year gained from pharmaceutical innovation is $ 2776.
purpose : end-of-life care characteristics and palliative care ( pc ) utilization of elderly acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) patients have rarely been reported.
collaboration with pc unit was established.
elderly aml patients referred to pc service were included.
medical records of all identified patients would be reviewed retrospectively by two pc physicians.
results : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ hematological cancer patients were referred for pc ; @number@ elderly aml patients were included into data analysis.
the median time from aml diagnosis to death was @number@ months.
up to @percent@ patients received supportive care alone since diagnosis.
overall , @percent@ of patients spent the whole period of their final month of life in-hospital.
infection-related diagnoses contributed to @percent@ of deaths.
median time from aml diagnosis to first pc consultation was @number@ month.
conclusions : elderly aml patients carry dismal prognosis with their final phase of disease mostly hospitalized in acute care settings.
infections and bleeding could complicate course of illness and lead to rapid deterioration.
pc collaboration remains important in psychosocial support and coverage of dying aml patients in non-hospice settings.
the data were analysed using non-linear regression modelling with a 1-phase exponential decay curve fit.
this model was compared to the amount of glucose provided with @percent@ or @percent@ dextrose-based saline solutions infused at fluid maintenance rate.
with a @percent@ dextrose-based solution , these percentages are @percent@ at age @number@ year to @percent@ at age @number@ years.
conclusions : we present an accurate non-linear regression model for egp as a function of age.
with standard dextrose-based saline solutions infused at fluid maintenance rate , only approximately @percent@ or less of egp is provided.
osteoporotic fractures are a public health problem and their incidence and subsequent economic and social costs are expected to rise in the next future.
yet , genetic studies still offer a powerful means of advancing individualized care for hiv-infected individuals at risk.
we sought to explore the use and acceptance of information technology for health among the elderly by reviewing the existing literature.
methods : review of literature using pubmed and google scholar , references from relevant papers , and consultation with experts.
results : elderly people approach the internet and health information technology differently than younger people , but have growing rates of adoption.
assistive technology , such as sensors or home monitors , may help ' aging in place' , but these have not been thoroughly evaluated.
conclusions : barriers must be addressed for these tools to be available to this growing population.
design , education , research , and policy all play roles in addressing these barriers to acceptance and use.
methods : the study included @number@ elderly gad and @number@ non-anxious comparison participants.
twelve elderly gad completed a 12-week pharmacotherapy trial.
we used an in-scanner worry script that alternates blocks of worry induction and reappraisal.
following @number@ weeks of pharmacotherapy , gad participants had greater connectivity between the dlpfc and several prefrontal regions during worry reappraisal.
conclusion : fc during worry induction and reappraisal points toward abnormalities in both worry generation and worry reappraisal.
following successful pharmacologic treatment , we observed greater connectivity in the prefrontal nodes of the executive control network during reappraisal of worry.
because of the quinone moiety within the structure of dox , this agent undergoes redox cycling to produce superoxide free radical peripherally.
this , in turn , leads to oxidative modification of the key plasma protein , apolipoprotein a1 ( apoa1 ) .
this subsequently leads to apoptotic cell death resulting in cici.
this review outlines aspects of cici consistent with the clinical presentation , biochemistry , and pathology of this disorder.
to the author's knowledge this is the only plausible and self-consistent mechanism to explain cici.
these two different disorders of the cns affect millions of persons worldwide.
both ad and cici share free radical-mediated oxidative stress in brain , but the source of oxidative stress is not the same.
continued research is necessary to better understand both ad and cici.
the yields were moderate , based on the starting aldehydes , while the reaction times were in general shorter than those reported in the literature.
the activity of the isoxazole analogues depends on the nature and the number of the antioxidant substituents.
construct validity of a functional status measure composed of these domains was assessed as part of this goal.
design : cross-sectional survey of the community-dwelling civilian population in the united states.
setting : community.
participants : community-dwelling adults aged @number@ years and older ( n = 7968 ) .
interventions : not applicable.
functional status benchmarks for age were developed with curves plotting activity difficulty percentiles versus age for the general u.s. population.
the domain regarding cognition and social function appeared to be less sensitive than the upper and lower extremity skills domains to increasing age.
conclusions : a broad measure of difficulty with functional activities can be meaningfully treated as a 3-domain construct.
in the last years , a significant improvement in life expectancy of hiv + patients has been observed in western countries.
immune activation and persistent inflammation characterizes both hiv infection and physiological aging , and both conditions share common detrimental pathways that lead to early immunosenescence.
furthermore , hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders represent important consequences of the infection.
context : patient death is common in long-term care ( ltc ) .
methods : this was a cross-sectional study of direct care staff experiencing recent patient death.
participants were @number@ certified nursing assistants and @number@ homecare workers.
data analyses included bivariate group comparisons and hierarchical regression.
results : grief reactions of staff reflected many of the core grief symptoms reported by bereaved family caregivers in a large-scale caregiving study.
grief was more intense when staff-patient relationships were closer , care was provided for longer , and staff felt emotionally unprepared for the death.
conclusion : grief symptoms like those experienced by family caregivers are common among direct care workers after patient death.
we utilized measures of stressful life events ( sle ) and hassles from @number@ to @number@ and men were followed for mortality until @number@
research is needed to determine the physiological and behavioral pathways through which sle and hassles differentially affect mortality.
however , deposits of human-sequence aβ in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and non-human primates bind very little pib.
both the protein and lipid components are required for pib binding.
a lipid-associated subpopulation of aβ accounts for the high-affinity binding of pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) in alzheimer's disease brain.
the pib-binding site may represent a particularly pathogenic entity and / or report local pathologic conditions.
purpose : to evaluate the relationship between androgen levels and subjective and objective measures of dry eye syndrome ( des ) .
patients completed dry eye questionnaire @number@ underwent tear film evaluation , and had serum androgen levels measured.
the correlations between androgen levels , des composite scores , des symptoms , and global , lipid , and aqueous tear film parameters were evaluated.
results : two hundred sixty-three patients with a mean age of @number@ ( 50-95 ) were examined.
there was no linear association between composite des scores ( generated using latent class analysis ) and androgen levels.
there were no strong correlations between tear film measures and androgen levels.
regarding global parameters , a weak inverse correlation was found between corneal staining and a ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : there was a weak correlation between higher levels of androstenedione and healthier global , lipid , and aqueous tear film parameters.
discussion : meeting the needs of the growing elderly population while maintaining them in the community is a particular focus of long-term care policy.
background : results from numerous studies suggest protective effects of the mediterranean diet for cardiovascular disease , cancer , and mortality.
cognitive decline was assessed using repeated modified mini mental state examination scores over the study.
we used linear mixed models to assess the association between meddiet score and trajectory of cognitive decline.
no association between meddiet scores and change in modified mini mental state examination score was seen among white participants ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : stronger adherence to the mediterranean diet may reduce the rate of cognitive decline among black , but not white older adults.
further studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm this association and pinpoint mechanisms that may explain these results.
this is paradoxical as generally , cognitive function is positively associated with tbv.
gcf is a composite score derived from a battery of cognitive tests.
tbv , standardized to head size , is estimated quantitatively from brain magnetic resonance imaging.
tbv was not associated with drinking status or amount consumed in men or women.
gcf and tbv did significantly differ in their associations across alcohol categories ( p interaction < @number@ ) .
within categories of alcohol intake , gcf and tbv were positively associated.
however , at higher levels of reasonable alcohol consumption , there may be factors leading to reduced brain volume.
objective : to determine the prognostic utility of tauopathy-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in sporadic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia ( bvftd ) .
we performed a retrospective case-control study comparing age at onset and disease duration between carriers of ≥1 polymorphism allele and noncarriers for these snps.
subanalyses were performed for autopsied subgroups with tauopathy ( n = @number@ ) and tdp-43 proteinopathy ( n = @number@ ) .
to identify a potential biological basis for disease duration , neuroimaging measures of white matter integrity were evaluated ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the rs1768208 risk polymorphism in mobp may have prognostic value in bvftd.
mobp ra + patients have more severe white matter degeneration in bvftd that may contribute to shorter disease duration.
future studies are needed to help confirm these findings.
however , the pons , an important structure of the brain , is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and is often damaged by brain trauma.
the aim of this study was to analyze normal , age-related , metabolic changes in the pons by using turbo spectroscopic imaging.
materials and methods : seventy-eight healthy subjects with ages ranging from @number@ days to @number@ years were included in this study.
naa / cr , cho / cr , and cho / naa ratios were measured by using turbo spectroscopic imaging.
the @number@ cases were divided into @number@ groups by age : 0-5 , 6-20 , 21-50 , and older than @number@ years.
the metabolite levels were compared with observed age-related changes among the groups.
statistically significant differences in cho / naa were also found among the @number@ age groups.
the cho / cr decreased rapidly at 0-5 years , then continued to decline , and was stable after @number@ years of age.
conclusions : turbo spectroscopic imaging is a good method for analyzing normal changes in the pons metabolites during growth , maturation , and aging.
background : genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) that are associated with risk of colorectal cancer.
interaction was evaluated using a fixed effects meta-analysis of an efficient empirical bayes estimator , and permutation was used to account for multiple comparisons.
results : of the permutation-adjusted p values reached statistical significance.
impact : results suggest no evidence of strong gene-environment interactions involving the recently identified @number@ susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer taken one at a time.
age-related muscle loss , termed sarcopenia , has been linked to functional deficits and an increased risk of falling.
such risk is of alarming concern due to the high disability and mortality rates associated with falling in older adults.
forty assisted-living older adults ( @number@ males ) aged @number@ ± @number@ years participated in the study.
each completed four questionnaires to examine their mental and physical health status and anxiety levels related to falling.
anthropometric , balance , strength , and gait tests were conducted.
fat-free mass values , determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis , were normalized by height to obtain ffmi.
age ( dordrecht , netherlands ) , @number@ ) .
when rms concentrations exceed a certain threshold , cell compartments and cells are injured and destroyed.
endogenous physiological mechanisms are able to neutralize rms to some extent , thereby limiting damage.
the application of antioxidants from various sources in skin care products and food supplements is therefore widespread , with increasingly effective formulations being introduced.
normal physiological conditions are characterized by equilibrium of oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms.
particularly , the changes in the lipid saturation , unsaturation as well as in the protein secondary structure were examined.
the studies were carried out on samples from @number@ individuals who died without any signs of neurologic dysfunctions.
moreover , the statistically significant decrease in the protein content within neuron bodies was observed.
data on use of anti-osteoporosis medicines and calcium and vitamin d supplements were collected at baseline and @number@ months.
following the baseline audit , an intervention comprising prescriber feedback , group education and individual case-conferences with prescribers , and patient education mail-outs was implemented.
the primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and without contraindications to anti-osteoporosis medicines who were prescribed an anti-osteoporosis medicine.
feedback from practice staff and pharmacists was explored qualitatively to evaluate the acceptability of the program.
practice staff and pharmacists were generally positive about the due program.
conclusions : a practice pharmacist-led due program improved the management of osteoporosis in general practice.
background : elevated homocysteine levels are a risk indicator for cardiovascular disease , fractures and cognitive decline.
previous studies indicated associations between homocysteine levels and medication use , including antihypertensive , lipid-lowering and antidiabetic medication.
however , results were often contradictory and inconclusive.
materials and methods : baseline data from the b-proof ( b-vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures ) study were used.
non-selective β-blocker use was associated with lower mean homocysteine levels ( @number@ vs. @number@ p = @number@ ) .
only this association was mediated by an underlying association with vitamin b12 and folate levels.
conclusion : the associations between homocysteine levels and medication use appear to be fairly modest.
our results suggest that medication use is unlikely to contribute to clinically relevant changes in plasma homocysteine levels.
gtp cyclohydrolase @number@ encoded by the gch1 gene , is an essential enzyme for dopamine production in nigrostriatal cells.
dopamine transporter imaging was abnormal in all parkinsonian patients , indicating parkinson's disease-like nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation.
the frequency of gch1 variants was evaluated in whole-exome sequencing data of @number@ cases with parkinson's disease and @number@ control subjects.
combining cases and controls , we identified a total of @number@ different heterozygous gch1 variants , all at low frequency.
our results show that rare gch1 variants are associated with an increased risk for parkinson's disease.
further insight into gch1-associated pathogenetic mechanisms will shed light on the role of dopamine metabolism in nigral degeneration and parkinson's disease.
asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) are thought to share a genetic background ( \ "dutch hypothesis \ " ) .
single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) rs9534578 in gng5p5 reached genome-wide significance after first replication phase ( p = 9.96×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
the second replication phase , in seven independent cohorts , provided no significant replication.
of the snps reached genome-wide significance.
our eqtl studies support a functional role for two commd10 snps , since they influence gene expression in both blood cells and lung tissue.
brain morphology and cognitive ability change with age.
gray and white matter volumes decrease markedly by the 7th decade of life when cognitive decreases first become readily detectable.
as a consequence , the shape complexity of the cortical mantle may also change.
measures of brain complexity were extracted using fractal dimension ( fd ) and calculated using the box-counting method.
white matter complexity , brain volumes and cognitive performance were measured at both @number@ and @number@ years.
childhood ability was measured at age @number@ using the moray house test.
fd and brain volume decrease significantly from age @number@ to @number@ years.
a significant association was found after adjustment for age , brain volume and childhood mental ability.
cellular senescence influences tumor suppression and progress , tissue repair and regeneration , tissue and organismal aging , and age-related diseases.
aging intervention might be an advantageous target for prevention and treatment of diverse age-related diseases.
relationships exist between the bpaq-derived physical activity and bone density in healthy middle-aged and older men but not men with prostate cancer.
disease-related treatments detrimental to bone should be considered when administering the bpaq.
introduction : the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire ( bpaq ) was developed to account for bone-specific loading.
in men with prostate cancer , the bpaq was not significantly associated with bmd.
in men with prostate cancer , the bpaq was not an independent predictor of bmd.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional survey in @number@ nhs in tuscany , italy.
the limits of agreement were ±6.13 kg / m ( @number@ ) using kh and ±4.66 kg / m ( @number@ ) using ul.
the agreement between this classification and that obtained using bmi calculated by alternative measurements was \ "fair-good. \ "
telomeres are long nucleotide repeats and protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability.
they shorten with each cell division , and therefore , telomere length is a marker for cellular aging and senescence.
epidemiological research of telomeres investigates the role that these genetic structures have in disease risk and mortality in human populations.
this chapter provides an overview of the current telomere epidemiology research and discusses approaches taken in these investigations.
we also highlight important methodological considerations that may affect data interpretation.
telomeres consist of repetitive dna-protein complexes that cap the ends of vertebrate linear chromosomes.
we sought to investigate associated geometric changes and then evaluate their clinical characteristics.
patients with classical hcm , acute myocardial infarction , stress induced cardiomyopathy or unstable hemodynamics which potentially induce transient-dlvoto were excluded.
results : their mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were women.
the prominent pm group was younger , had a higher s ' and lower e / e ' than other groups.
conclusions : dlvoto develops from various reasons , and patients with prominent pms have distinct characteristics.
we suggest to use dlvoto-relieving medication might reduce pulmonary pressure in this group of patients.
regions of the human brain develop at different rates across the first two decades of life , with some maturing before others.
we then related individual developmental trajectories to retrospectively assessed self-reported risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors during adolescence in a subsample of @number@ participants.
taken together , it appears that the developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation is present in neurotypically developing individuals.
sleep problems are prevalent among older adults , often persist untreated , and are predictive of health detriments.
given the limitations of conventional treatments , non-pharmacological treatments such as mindfulness-based interventions ( mbis ) are gaining popularity for sleep ailments.
however , nothing is yet known about the impact of mbis on sleep in older adults with prodromal sleep disturbances.
older adults with current sleep disturbances will be recruited from the urban los angeles community.
participants will be randomized into two standardized treatment conditions , maps and sleep hygiene education.
each condition will consist of weekly 2-hour group-based classes over the course of the 6-week intervention.
this study examined neural correlates of empathy in adolescence while observing harmful acts.
after viewing each picture , participants could allocate hypothetical points to either the offender or the victim in a dictator game.
behaviorally , participants of all ages acted prosocially towards victims , fairly towards positive individuals and punishingly towards offenders.
adverse-outcomes related to sarcopenia are mostly mentioned as physical disability.
as the other skeletal muscles , respiratory muscles may also be affected by sarcopenia.
respiratory muscle strength is known to affect pulmonary functions.
among a total of @number@ male residents , residents with obstructive measures were excluded and final study population was composed of @number@ residents.
the association of pcf with grip strength disappeared when mip alone or \ "mip and mep \ " were included in the regression analysis.
in the latter case , pcf was significantly associated only with mip.
we found peripheric muscle strength be associated with mip and pcf but not with mep or any other spirometric parameters.
the relation between peripheral muscle strength and pcf was mediated by mip.
our findings suggest that sarcopenia may affect inspiratory muscle strength earlier or more than the expiratory muscle strength.
sarcopenia may cause decrease in pcf in the elderly , which may stand for some common adverse respiratory complications.
few studies have focused on the effects of aging on allografts in the state of tolerance.
the purpose of this study was to assess the biological organ age of liver grafts.
the results were compared with the same measurements that had been obtained prior to transplantation in the recipients ' pre-implantation donor livers.
results : first , telomere length correlated with chronological donor age ( n = 41 ) .
accelerated telomere reduction was seen in tolerated grafts compared with the predicted telomere length of each allograft calculated from the regression line of donor livers.
tolerated grafts were associated with higher hepatocyte p21 expression and greater nuclear area than in the donor livers prior to transplantation.
however , the relevant literature is clearly deficient for most mediterranean countries that more closely adhere to the originally described medi.
greece resides in the mediterranean basin , and older generations traditionally adhere to a medi.
methods : we here present the design and the preliminary baseline characteristics of the hellenic longitudinal investigation of aging and diet ( heliad ) .
the study also ascertains several demographic , medical , social , environmental , clinical , nutritional , and neuropsychological determinants and lifestyle activities.
results : in total , @number@ participants of a random sample have already completed the initial evaluation.
the performance on the neuropsychological tests was equivalent to the average scores of previous normative greek samples.
more than one third of the population under investigation was considered to be at high risk for malnutrition.
objective : prediabetes patients are likely to develop type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) .
low testosterone is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) in men.
the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes in population of polish men with late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) .
methods : this study was performed in @number@ men with loh and in @number@ eugonadal control group.
prediabetes was diagnosed in patients with impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) , igt or with hba1c from @number@ to @percent@.
sex hormones and metabolic parameters were measured.
in the control group , prediabetes was diagnosed in @percent@ of patients.
background : the gait of a healthy person is believed to be more regular and symmetrical than those of an individual with a disease.
thus , symmetry and regularity are important indicators of human gait.
the younger group included @number@ female and @number@ male students , and the elderly group included @number@ females and @number@ males.
average age for each group was @number@ and @number@ years , respectively.
gait symmetry and regularity were evaluated on the basis of autocorrelation functions of trunk accelerations of vertical and anteroposterior axes.
results : the relationship between age and gait symmetry and regularity was statistically significant for both vertical and anteroposterior axes.
elderly participants showed lower symmetry and regularity in their gait than young participants.
a significant gender effect was observed for the symmetry index of both axes but not for the regularity index.
male participants showed lower gait symmetry than females.
an interaction effect between age and gender was significant in the symmetry index of anteroposterior acceleration.
gender effect was appeared more clearly in elderly than young participants.
conclusion : elderly participants showed a more asymmetrical and irregular gait than young participants.
in addition to age , a significant gender effect was observed on gait symmetry.
however , the effect size of gender was smaller than that of age , and it was not significant for gait regularity.
the gait indices obtained by autocorrelation of trunk acceleration can be considered useful to evaluate aging effect on gait.
here in this study , we examined age-related changes in the quality of memory reactivation on subsequent memory.
however , the influence of reactivation on subsequent memories was reduced in older adults.
recommendations are made for developing and evaluating disaster communication materials for vulnerable populations.
findings are discussed in terms of the individual's embeddedness in cultural and life phase contexts when remembering.
objective : the aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of ageing on glucose regulation in elderly chinese men and women.
oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in all participants at baseline and in @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) after @number@ years of follow-up.
of individuals with prediabetes at baseline , @percent@ progressed to t2d.
in contrast , individuals who regressed from prediabetes to ngt increased both insulin resistance and beta cell function ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : ageing is associated with development of insulin resistance in an elderly chinese population.
therefore , maintenance of normal glucose regulation depends on the ability to compensatory increase of the beta cell function.
design and methods : a prospective longitudinal study using the national longitudinal study of adolescent health sibling pairs ( n = @number@ ) .
obesity phenotypes were measured from anthropometric assessments when study members were aged 18-26 and again when they were 24-32.
genetic risk scores were computed based on published genome-wide association study discoveries for obesity.
analyses tested genetic associations with body-mass index ( bmi ) , waist-height ratio , obesity , and change in bmi over time.
sibling analyses revealed that the genetic risk score was predictive of bmi net of risk factors shared by siblings.
in white young adults only , higher genetic risk predicted increased risk of becoming obese during the study period.
in black young adults , genetic risk scores constructed using loci identified in european and african american samples had similar predictive power.
conclusion : cumulative information across the human genome can be used to characterize individual level risk for obesity.
measured genetic risk accounts for only a small amount of total variation in bmi among white and black young adults.
future research is needed to identify modifiable environmental exposures that amplify or mitigate genetic risk for elevated bmi.
previous neuroimaging studies showed that correct resolution of lexical ambiguity relies on the integrity of prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices.
yet insufficiently understood is the contribution of subcortical structures in ambiguity processing.
patients with disturbed basal ganglia function such as parkinson׳s disease ( pd ) showed development of discourse comprehension deficits evoked by lexical ambiguity.
participants were required to relate meanings to a lexically ambiguous target ( homonym ) .
each stimulus consisted of two words arranged on top of a screen , which had to be attributed to a homonym at the bottom.
extent and amplitude of activity in the angular gyrus changed depending on semantic association strength that varied between conditions.
less activity in the left caudate was associated with semantic integration deficits in pd.
the results of the present study suggest a relationship between subtle language deficits and early stages of basal ganglia dysfunction.
uncovering impairments in ambiguity resolution may be of future use in the neuropsychological assessment of non-motor deficits in pd.
cognitive impairment and fear of falling are risk factors for falls in older adults.
recurrent falls are more prevalent in older adults with cognitive impairment.
the prevalence of falls in older adults with mci and ad is higher than in subjects cognitively healthy.
older adults with mci and ad differ in terms of reported fear of falling and falls self-efficacy.
data sources : a systematic search was conducted using multiple databases for relevant articles published from @number@ to @date@ .
data extraction : two independent reviewers selected studies based on inclusion criteria and then extracted data.
data synthesis : eight studies met inclusion criteria.
conclusions : gabapentin and pregabalin appear useful for treating pain and other secondary conditions after sci.
effectiveness comparative to other analgesics has not been studied.
patients need to be monitored closely for side effects.
objective : physical function impairments are seen among aging , hiv-infected persons on effective antiretroviral therapy ( art ) .
the impact of physical function impairments on health-related quality of life ( qol ) during art is unknown.
design : this was a cross-sectional study including @number@ hiv-infected patients , aged 45-65 years , on art for more than @number@ months.
methods : patients completed the sf-36 qol questionnaire , 400-m walk , 5-time chair rise , and grip strength.
hiv-associated mortality risk was calculated using the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) index.
sf-36 scores were between @number@ and @number@ points higher among more physically active compared to less active patients.
vacs scores did not improve the model.
conclusions : faster gait speed and chair rise time , and greater physical activity were associated with greater qol , independent of hiv-related mortality risk.
targeted exercise programs to increase physical activity and improve speed and power should be evaluated as interventions to improve qol during art.
elderly people often suffer from sarcopenia in their lower extremities , which gives rise to the increased susceptibility of fall.
in this study , a vibro-ultrasound system was set up to achieve a considerably larger measurement range on muscle stiffness estimation.
its feasibility was verified on self-made silicone phantoms by comparing with the mechanical indentation method.
the results expanded our knowledge on the mechanical property of the elderly's skeletal muscle and its relationship with intensity of active contraction.
furthermore , the vibro-ultrasound system has a potential to become a powerful tool for investigating the elderly's muscle diseases.
dna repair is a prerequisite for life as we know it , and defects in dna repair lead to accelerated aging.
xeroderma pigmentosum group a ( xpa ) is a classic dna repair-deficient disorder with patients displaying sun sensitivity and cancer susceptibility.
xpa patients also exhibit neurodegeneration , leading to cerebellar atrophy , neuropathy , and hearing loss , through a mechanism that has remained elusive.
this leads to mitochondrial membrane hyper-polarization , pink1 cleavage and defective mitophagy.
this study underscores the importance of mitophagy in promoting a healthy pool of mitochondria and in preventing neurodegeneration and premature aging.
injury in canada is a serious public health concern.
injuries are a leading cause of hospitalization for children , young adults and seniors and a major cause of disability and death.
however , we do know that these personal and economic costs can be avoided through injury prevention activities.
this report is intended for use in public health research , policy development and practice.
cognitive decline , however , appears not only in the psychiatric population but also in aged individuals.
in our previous study , we demonstrated a significant relationship between social functioning and prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) activity in patients with depression.
however , it has not been shown whether the above relationship could be extended to healthy populations.
study subjects included @number@ healthy , elderly volunteers.
a significant positive relationship was observed between the sass total score and pfc activation.
our findings suggest that pfc activation is associated with social functioning in healthy elderly adults.
furthermore , hemodynamic responses assessed using non-invasive nirs could be a useful biological marker of these characteristics.
background : healthcare professionals have an important role to play both as advisers-influencing smoking cessation-and as role models.
however , many of them continue to smoke.
materials and methods : a multicentre cross-sectional study was carried out in @number@ italian schools of public health.
@number@ medical doctors ) .
the ghpss questionnaires were self-administered via a special website which is created ad hoc for the survey.
logistic regression model was used to identify possible associations with tobacco smoking status.
hosmer-lemeshow test was performed.
the level of significance was p ≤ @number@
although @number@ ( @percent@ ) heard about smoking related issues during undergraduate courses , only @percent@ received specific smoking cessation training during specialization.
chronic inflammation is a hallmark of hiv infection.
eicosanoids reflect inflammation , oxidant stress , and vascular health and vary by sex and metabolic parameters.
raltegravir ( ral ) is an hiv-1 integrase inhibitor that may have limited metabolic effects.
txb2 increased in the ral versus pi / nnrti arm ( @number@ versus @number@ p = @number@ ) .
baseline pgi-m was lower in the ral arm ( p = @number@ ) ; no other between-arm cross-sectional differences were observed.
in an adjusted model , age ≥ @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) was associated with increased pge-m ( p = @number@ ) .
in this randomized trial , a switch to ral did not significantly affect urinary eicosanoids over @number@ weeks.
in women continuing pi / nnrti , increased visceral adipose tissue correlated with increased pgi-m and pge-m.
older age ( ≥ @number@ ) was associated with increased pge-m.
relationships between aging , adiposity , art , and eicosanoids during hiv-infection require further study.
this paper analyzes the components that will differentiate orthopaedic care provision for the second curve.
methods : a total of @number@ adults were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized clinical trial.
the relationship between outcomes and body mass index ( bmi ) was examined as well.
patients rated pain during the procedure and provided subjective assessment of their outcome at @number@ days.
adverse events were documented.
results : ninety-three patients were evaluated.
blinded reviewers observed improvement in skin laxity in @percent@ of patients.
during quantitative assessments , overall improvement in skin laxity was noted in @percent@ of evaluated patients.
at day @number@ @percent@ of patients perceived improvement in the skin laxity of the lower half of their face / neck.
the average procedural pain scores for the cheek , submental , and submandibular regions were @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
wheals , which resolved without intervention or long-term sequelae , were reported for @number@ patients.
at day @number@ improvements were reported by two-thirds of patients and by nearly @percent@ of blinded reviewers.
outcomes were better in patients with bmi≤30 kg / m2.
level of evidence : @number@
however , little is known about its neurobiology.
salience processing provides motivational context to stimuli.
the depressed group included @number@ elderly , depressed subjects with high comorbid apathy and @number@ with low apathy.
we analyzed the rsfc patterns of the right anterior insular cortex ( rai ) , a primary node of the sn.
this study explores older incarcerated women's perceptions of prison health care policies and their day-to-day survival experiences.
with older women having the greatest need for health care , an age- and gender-sensitive approach is recommended.
background : micrornas have emerged as important epigenetic regulators in cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) .
the c allele was associated with lower triglycerides , and this association was modulated by fat intake.
lpl polymorphisms and triglycerides were determined and cvd assessed.
gene-diet interactions for triglycerides were analyzed at baseline ( n = @number@ ) and after a 3-y intervention ( n = @number@ ) .
oxidative stress parameters were investigated in a subsample.
colorectal cancer is a significant worldwide health problem , and an altered immunoresponse plays an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
moreover , the percentage of th17 cells and the serum il-6 levels were higher in elderly healthy controls than those in young healthy controls.
importantly , th17 cells were accumulated in the intratumor and peritumor regions.
the percentage of th17 cells in pbmcs and the serum il-6 level are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression.
objective : depression constitutes a major health problem for older people , in this study defined as people @number@ years of age and older.
previous studies have shown that mental health among older people who live with animals could be improved , but contrary results exist as well.
method : the participants in this cross-sectional population study included @number@ people between the ages of @number@ and @number@
one thousand and eighty three participants owned cats and @number@ participants owned dogs.
self-rated depression symptoms were measured using hads-d , the scale of self-administered depression symptoms in hads ( hospital anxiety and depression scale ) .
results : the main results showed higher mean values on the hads-d for cat owners than for both dog and non-pet owners.
the latter group rated their depression symptoms the lowest.
no interactions were recognized between pet ownership and subjective general health status , loneliness , or marital status.
results from population studies like ours might increase the available knowledge base when using cats and dogs in clinical environments such as nursing homes.
background : neuropsychological interventions have been mainly applied with clinical populations , in spite of the need of preventing negative changes across life span.
among the few studies of cognitive stimulation in elderly , surprisingly there is no enough research comparing direct and indirect active stimulation programs.
methods : fourteen older adults were randomly assigned to participate into one of the two intervention groups.
the assessed neurocognitive components were attention , episodic and working memory , communicative and executive functions.
wm training activities were based on baddeley's model ; poetry-based stimulation program was composed by general language activities.
data were analyzed with one-way ancova with delta scores and pre and post-training tests raw scores.
poetry-based stimulation also improved complex linguistic abilities.
both approaches may be helpful as strategies to prevent dysfunctional aging changes.
it is well known that the reflected pressure wave in small children returns earlier than that in adolescent.
the reason of early return of the reflected pressure wave in infancy is their height.
the short distance between heart and reflection point makes the reflected pressure wave returning to the heart earlier.
in adult , the early return ( during systole ) of the reflected pressure wave means disadvantage to cardiac blood supply-workload balance.
this study enrolled @number@ small left-to-right shunt patients with normal aortic circulation below @number@ years of age.
the aortic pressure waveform was recorded using a pressure sensor mounted catheter , and augmentation index and subendocardial viability ratio were calculated.
the age of patients was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the cardiac blood supply-workload balance gradually improves from infancy to young adulthood.
objectives : emerging literature suggests that lifestyle factors may play an important role in reducing age-related cognitive decline.
there have , however , been few studies investigating the role of cognitively stimulating leisure activities in maintaining cognitive health.
this study sought to identify changes in cognitive performance with age and to investigate associations of cognitive performance with several key cognitively stimulating leisure activities.
the results also suggest that grammatical reasoning and episodic memory are particularly vulnerable to age-related decline.
conclusions : results of this study have implications for developing improved guidance for the public regarding the potential value of cognitively stimulating leisure activities.
objective : the world's largest aging population resides in china.
methods : we examined the one-year naturalistic course of depressive symptoms in older adult chinese primary care patients ( hangzhou , china ) .
the proband and each of his parents were heterozygous for a mutation in wrn , which could not explain his symptoms.
the rna studies confirmed aberrant splicing of exon @number@ and family studies showed that both parents are heterozygous for this mutation.
the extent to which heterozygosity at the wrn locus may modify the effect of biallelic samhd1 mutations is unknown.
it is conceivable that synergistic effects of these two mutations might be responsible for the unusual phenotype.
however , the administration of remifentanil can prevent intubation-induced qtc interval prolongation.
we compared sex-related differences in the effect-site concentration ( ce ) of remifentanil for preventing qtc interval prolongation among elderly patients.
methods : twenty-two female and @number@ male patients older than @number@ years were enrolled.
anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol using a target-controlled infusion.
antidepressants have been shown to reduce the risk of depression recurrence in adults , justifying prolonged antidepressant maintenance therapy for most if not all patients.
however , older depressed adults may be at increased risk for antidepressant adverse effects.
most clinical trials conducted so far suggest that prolonged antidepressant use in older adults is efficacious to reduce recurrence rates.
the assessment of age at death for identification purposes is a frequent and tough challenge for forensic pathologists and anthropologists.
cadavers were of caucasian ethnicity , well preserved , belonging to individuals who died of natural death.
all the evaluations were performed prior to autopsy.
observers assessed the age with ranges of @number@ and @number@ years , indicating also the body part they mainly observed for each case.
globally , the 5-year range had an accuracy of @percent@ , increasing to @percent@ with the 10-year range.
aim : this analysis sought to define the concept of individualized aging.
background : the growing older adult population and shortage of health professionals with adequate knowledge of their specialized needs will strain the health care system.
the national league for nursing's advancing care excellence for seniors ( aces ) project has addressed this challenge.
the aces framework identifies three unique concepts integral to delivering high quality care.
clarification of these concepts is needed for educational and research purposes.
method : rogers and knafl's evolutionary method of concept analysis was used.
one of the biggest challenges in biology is to understand how mitochondria influence aging and age-related diseases.
chin et al.
( @number@ ) reveal how a mitochondrial metabolite ( mitobolite ) inhibits mitochondrial atpase and extends lifespan by mimicking dietary restriction in worms.
the trend scenario provides projections until @number@ based on the trends over the last decades and assuming the policy stays the same.
life expectancy will continue to increase , but the differences between socioeconomic groups will not become smaller.
however , most people with a chronic disease feel healthy , have no disabilities and participate fully in society.
health care expenditures rose from @percent@ of the gdp in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
how this growth will continue in the next years is uncertain.
background : when applying health-enabling technologies ( het ) , researchers are faced with analyzing highly intensive , multimodal and heterogeneous data sets.
experience has shown that there is a lack of understanding concerning the relationship of analysis methods suitable for such data sets and their appropriate application.
methods : nomenclatures as standard tools in information processing are applied.
results : we present an open three-axial mono-hierarchical nomenclature called snocap-het.
moreover , we explain other ideas to overcome the lack of systematization within the set of analysis methods suitable for het.
our final future aim is to obtain better results when analyzing medical data.
there is evidence from epidemiologic data that cataract is more common in women than men.
there is no firm evidence that lifestyle-related factors are the cause of this gender discrepancy.
focus has therefore been directed towards the role of estrogen in cataract formation.
several investigators have found protection by physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol against oxidative stress induced by h2o2 in cultured lens epithelial cells.
this article describes the current state of epidemiologic knowledge on chd in hiv infection.
persistent organic pollutants are a concern for species occupying high trophic levels since they can cause immunosuppression and impair reproduction.
we test the hypothesis that summed pcb and ddt concentrations contributed to cdv associated mortality during epizootics.
mean organonchlorine levels were higher in cdv-negative animals indicating that organochlorines did not contribute significantly to cdv mortality in epizootics.
mortality monitoring in azerbaijan 1971-2008 revealed bi-annual stranding peaks in late spring , following the annual moult and during autumn migrations northwards.
mortality peaks comparable to epizootic years were also recorded in the 1970s-1980s , consistent with previous undocumented cdv outbreaks.
gompertz growth curves show that caspian seals achieve an asymptotic standard body length of 126-129 cm ( n = @number@ ) .
males may continue to grow slowly throughout life.
retina is particularly susceptible to aging as oxidative damage accumulates within retina , leading to age-related retinal dysfunction or even visual loss.
however , the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure and effective therapeutic strategy is urgently in need.
here , we quested for the answer particularly focusing on mitochondrial homeostasis and o-glcnacylation in rat retina.
also , we noticed that p38 and jnk of mapk signaling were substantially more activated in aged retina , suggesting stress induction.
in addition , we found that pan-o-glcnacylation was remarkably stronger with lower oga expression in aged retina.
purpose : genes of androgen and estrogen signaling cells and stem cell-like cells play crucial roles in prostate cancer.
this study aimed to predict clinical failure by identifying these prostate cancer-related genes.
cancerous and stromal tissues were separately collected by laser-captured microdissection.
on the basis of these factors , patients were divided into favorable- , intermediate- , and poor-risk groups according to the number of factors present.
conclusions : expression levels of androgen- and estrogen signaling components and stem cell markers are powerful prognostic tools.
evidence suggests that brief mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mptp ) openings play an important physiological role maintaining healthy mitochondria homeostasis.
adaptive and maladaptive responses to redox stress may involve mitochondrial channels such as mptp and inner membrane anion channel ( imac ) .
their activation causes intra- and intermitochondrial redox-environment changes leading to ros release.
this regenerative cycle of mitochondrial ros formation and release was named ros-induced ros release ( rirr ) .
maladaptive mptp- or imac-related rirr may also be playing a role in aging.
although research has identified age-related changes in neural recruitment during emotional memory encoding , it is unclear whether these differences extend to retrieval.
in this study , participants engaged in a recognition task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.
they viewed neutral titles and indicated whether each title had been presented with an image during the study phase.
aging was associated with increased prefrontal activation for retrieval of positive and negative memories , but this pattern was more widespread for negative memories.
these findings demonstrate that age-related changes in prefrontal recruitment and connectivity during retrieval depend on memory valence.
objective : to assess the mri appearance of normal skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid-coracoid interface in the pediatric population.
to the best of our knowledge , this has not yet been studied in detail in the literature.
results : the glenoid and glenoid-coracoid interface were identified in infancy as a contiguous , cartilaginous mass.
a subcoracoid secondary ossification center in the superior glenoid was identified and fused in all by age @number@ and @number@ respectively.
in ten studies , additional secondary ossification centers were identified in the inferior two-thirds of the glenoid.
the initial concavity of the glenoid osseous surface gradually transformed to convexity , matching the convex glenoid articular surface.
the glenoid growth plate fused by @number@ years of age.
studies on the shortage of village doctors , mainly based on the national statistics , have so far been very broad.
this study conducted detailed field surveys to identify specific factors of and potential solutions to the shortage in village doctors.
opinions on the shortage in village doctors and the potentially effective approaches to addressing the problem were sought.
some village doctors ( @percent@ ) were at least @number@ years old.
village doctors felt that it was difficult to provide all the required public health services.
local residents indicated that they established good relationships with village doctors.
some health decision makers and providers ( @percent@ ) thought that they needed more village doctors.
the shortage in village doctors presents a major obstacle toward the realization of china's policy of public health service equalization.
the aging of current village doctors exacerbates the problem.
policies and programs are needed to retain the current and attract new village doctors into the workforce.
separate measures are also needed to address disparities in socioeconomic circumstance from village to village.
results : although the effect of aggregate health expenditure is not conclusive , public health expenditure plays a significant role in enhancing longevity.
however , its influence diminishes as the size of the public health sector on gdp expands , reaching a maximum around the @number@ %.
this might explain the poor evolution of the life expectancy in countries with a high amount of private resources devoted to health.
in such cases , an extension of public services could give rise to a better outcome from the overall health investment.
some of these changes may prove helpful for clinical and forensic practitioners , particularly when evaluating less severe cognitive impairments.
the most substantial change is that the cognitive disorder-not otherwise specified category found in prior editions has been eliminated.
the concept of social cognition is also introduced as one of the core functional domains that can be affected by a neurocognitive disorder.
this concept may be particularly significant in the evaluation of patients with non-alzheimer's dementias , such as frontotemporal dementia.
forensic psychiatrists who perform these evaluations should understand the conceptualization of neurocognitive disorders as presented in dsm-5 and how it differs from prior diagnostic systems.
background : proprioception can be assessed by measuring joint position sense ( jps ) .
most studies have focused on jps of the knee joint while literature for other joints especially for hip jps is scarce.
although some studies have evaluated proprioception of the knee joint , the reproducibility of methods has rarely been investigated.
aims : to estimate intrasession reliability and agreement of an active-active jps test for hip flexion / abduction and knee flexion in healthy older adults.
methods : nineteen healthy older adults participated in this study.
we also found that the icc values for ae were substantial for knee flexion and hip abduction of the left and right leg.
the icc results of ve showed poor reliability for hip and knee joints.
background : patient information leaflets ( pils ) are the most important information source for older patients to effectively manage their drug therapy.
objective : the objective of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of current available pils for use by older adults.
the layout of the pils was evaluated using criteria derived from the relevant regulatory guidelines on the design of pils.
the gunning fog index was used to determine the readability of the pils to older adults.
results : total of @number@ pils were analysed involving @number@ drug substances for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and type @number@ diabetes.
the readability of @number@ % of the pils had a score above @number@ which is considered difficult for older people to understand.
this investigation examined the influences of changes in intellectual , social , and physical activities between waves on four dimensions of depressive symptoms at follow-up.
design and methods : random effects modeling was utilized with data from a nationwide longitudinal study conducted in taiwan.
the study data comprised @number@ observations from @number@ older adults over a 12-year period.
results : the results suggested that changes in physical activities contributed to depressive symptoms which reflected positive affect in the later wave.
increased social activities between waves predicted higher positive affect and lower interpersonal difficulties scores at follow-up.
increased intellectual activities between waves did not substantially affect any domain of depressive symptoms.
implications : engagement in a varied range of activities benefits mental health among elders more than participation in any single type of activity among elders.
reducing physical activities can lower positive affect , while the adverse effect may be balanced by increasing social activities.
also , the impact of decreasing intellectual activities on the interpersonal difficulties domain of depressive symptoms may be offset by increasing social activities.
further , we decomposed the cohort-based disparity trends using fairlie's decomposition method for nonlinear outcomes.
the cohort disparity trends for both disabilities showed a decline with each successive cohort except for adl disparity among women.
discussion : we examined the role of aging on racial disparity in disability and found support for the racial crossover effect.
further , the racial disparity in disability will disappear should the observed pattern of declining cohort-based adl and iadl disparities persist.
methods : overweight or obese adults with type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( n = @number@ ) were randomly assigned to either ili or dse.
analysis in @number@ participants assessed the differential rates of decline in pf across a period of @number@ years for the ili and dse groups.
results : ili resulted in improved pf compared with dse after @number@ year ( p < @number@ ) and was maintained across time.
within the ili , older adults experienced greater improvements than younger adults ( p < @number@ ) .
by year @number@ persons in ili with preexisting cardiovascular disease were no different in pf than in dse participants with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
background : characterization of the variations in the metabolomic profiles of elderly people is a necessary step to understand changes associated with aging.
after saturated fat diet consumption , phenylacetylglycine excretion was inversely related to coq plasma level and positively correlated with isoprostanes urinary level.
participants were seated on a dynamometer with their trunks 30° anteflexed , and they repeated all tests after 1-2 days and @number@ weeks.
semg was recorded bilaterally from the l1 ( iliocostalis lumborum ) , l2 ( longissimus ) , and l5 ( multifidus ) recording sites.
outcome variables included maximum back extension torque , initial mf-emg ( imf-emg ) , mf-emg slope declines , and individual mf-emg muscular imbalance scores.
two-factorial anovas served to examine the age and gender-specific effects , and models from generalizability theory ( g-theory ) were used for assessing retest-reliability.
results : maximum back extension moment was non-significantly smaller in elders.
imf-emg was overall higher in elders , with significant differences at the l5 recordings sites.
retest reliability was unanimous in young and older persons.
icc-type measurements from g-theory of both the imf and the fatigue slopes ranged from @number@ to @number@
absolute sem values were found clinically acceptable for the imf-emg , but relatively high for the fatigue slope declines.
conclusions : the mf-emg fatigue method is able to elucidate alterations of aging back muscles.
this method , thus , might be suggested as a potential biomarker to objectively identify persons at risk for sarcopenia.
clinical abilities decline with age , making older anesthesiologists more likely than their younger colleagues to be associated with adverse patient events.
this state of affairs may contribute to the increased incidence of adverse events and poor patient outcomes.
simulation has been used widely for training and assessment in the aviation industry as well as in automobile driving exams.
a standardized schedule for winding down would have advantages for physicians , their department , and their patients.
these timelines could be extended with satisfactory performance in annual simulation sessions involving assessment and practice in crisis management.
background : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most common form of human polyarthritis.
many genetic factors have been implicated in oa.
it was reported that a polymorphism in the gene of interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) was associated with oa of knee.
the aim of this study was to determine whether functional il-6 promoter -174g / c ( rs1800795 ) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to knee oa.
methods : a meta-analysis was conducted on the association between the il-6 polymorphism and knee oa.
electronic search at pubmed , embase , weipu database , and wanfang database was conducted to select studies.
a symmetric funnel plot , the begg's test ( p > @number@ ) , suggested that the data lacked publication bias.
conclusions : this meta-analysis does not support the idea that rs1800795 genotype is associated with increased risk of knee oa.
samples were examined by epifluorescence microscopy.
in all specimens , we could sharply locate the pfo / d4-gfp signal to brm.
a semiquantitative evaluation of brm lipid deposition is possible by measuring pfo / d4-gfp fluorescence intensity.
conclusions : the use of pfo / d4-gfp allowed a robust and direct detection of ec in aged murine brm.
in wholemount samples , its strong and stable fluorescence facilitated a semiquantitative evaluation of brm-ec content over a large area.
the patterns of ec deposition in murine brm wholemounts are comparable with findings in human brm wholemounts.
perfringolysin o / d4-gfp could be an important tool for investigating the effects of brm lipid deposition in mouse models.
purpose : crowding describes the increased difficulty in identifying a target object when it is surrounded by nearby objects ( flankers ) .
however , the spatial extent of crowding is a better index of crowding effects and remains unknown.
methods : letter recognition thresholds were determined for three different flanker separations in @number@ adults ( aged 18-76 years ) with normal vision.
additionally , the spatial extent of crowding was established by measuring spacing thresholds : the flanker-to-target separation required to produce a given reduction in performance.
results : our results showed that uncrowded and crowded visual acuities do not change significantly as a function of age.
furthermore , spacing thresholds did not change with age and approximated bouma's law ( half eccentricity ) .
finally , our data suggest that the well-documented age-related decline in peripheral reading ability is not due to age-related changes in visual crowding.
endothelial dysfunction develops with age and increases the risk of age-associated vascular disorders.
a radioimmunoassay technique was used to measure 25ohd levels.
anthropometrical data , information about lifestyle habits and co-morbidities were obtained.
multiple logistic regression models were created.
an index risk of vitamin d insufficiency ( irvdi ) was designed and subsequently validated.
the performance of this tool was assessed through roc analysis.
results : the prevalence of 25ohd < 20 ng / ml was of @percent@ ( ci @percent@ @number@.6-64.6 ) .
conclusions : our results suggest that vitamin d insufficiency is common among brazilian community-dwelling elderly.
female gender , diabetes and the season ( winter / spring ) were the important parameters that predicted this status.
the clinical use of these parameters can be help to design and target appropriate public health interventions.
the irvdi is a convenient tool for the selection of older people at risk for vitamin d insufficiency.
objective : with aging , kidney function declines , as evidenced by reduced glomerular filtration rate.
it is controversial whether or not high protein intake accelerates this decline.
the aim of this study was to determine whether high protein intake was associated with declines in kidney function among older patients.
results : average protein intake was @percent@ of energy intake ( sd = @percent@ ) .
there were also no significant associations when protein intake was separated by source ( animal and vegetable ) .
conclusion : these data suggest that higher protein intake does not have a major effect on kidney function decline among elderly men and women.
the degree of cellular senescence , based on characteristic changes in cell morphology , is measured by laser scanning cytometry.
this change is paralleled by an increase in nuclear area.
thus , the ratio of mean intensity of maximal pixels to nuclear area provides a very sensitive morphometric biomarker for the degree of senescence.
this system can be used to evaluate the anti-aging potential of test agents by assessing attenuation of maximal senescence.
the multivariate analysis of senescence markers by laser scanning cytometry offers a promising tool to explore the potential anti-aging properties of a variety agents.
the monnet-ha cohort consists of men and women aged @number@ years and older , residing in the montreal metropolitan area ( mma ) .
participants were recruited using a random stratified cluster sampling design with oversampling of adults older than @number@ years.
initial monnet-ha study participants ( n = @number@ ) were recruited for telephone interviews in the summer of @number@
since @number@ participants were interviewed in the autumn of @number@ and the winter of 2013 / 2014.
healthcare utilization data will be available for a subsample of participants.
upon funding , future work will measure anthropometric and metabolic health directly.
based on agreements with participants , external researchers should request access to data via collaborations with the study group.
i identify three stages through which such support takes shape and then gradually declines in usage.
i identify the motivations driving cognitive support work and discuss the role of lay health knowledge in dementia caregiving.
i conclude by considering the utility of cognitive support work as a concept within dementia caregiving.
consideration is given to the following questions : is gerotranscendence really age-related , and is it really universal rather than culturally or personality dependent ?
the overlap of the theory with a multiplicity of other constructs is reviewed.
in conclusion , criteria are identified for the creation of a revised and potentially more effective instrument to measure gerotranscendence.
these profiles did not differ in terms of residents ' characteristics , health problems and functional limitations.
how do such individuals experience and make sense of their multilingualism ?
what role does language play in the way they experience and make sense of their lives ?
although they arrived in france as monolingual spanish speakers , they have since acquired french and now practice their multilingualism in distinct ways.
introduction : caregiver support groups effectively reduce stress from caring for someone with dementia.
these same demands can prevent participation in a group.
the present feasibility study investigated a virtual online caregiver support group to bring the support group into the home.
while online groups have been shown to be helpful , submissions to a message board ( vs. live conversation ) can feel impersonal.
method : by using avatars , participants interacted via real-time chat in a virtual environment in an 8-week support group.
result : data indicated lower levels of perceived stress , depression and loneliness across participants.
importantly , satisfaction reports also indicate that caregivers overcame the barriers to participation , and had a strong sense of the group's presence.
discussion : this study provides the framework for an accessible and low cost online support group for a dementia caregiver.
the study demonstrates the feasibility of interactive group in a virtual environment for engaging members in meaningful interaction.
in this article , the authors explored cantonese-speaking older chinese migrants knowledge , attitudes and expectations regarding mental illness.
they obtained verbatim data from semi-structured interviews with eight participants recruited from london-based chinese and church communities in britain.
they analyzed the data using the principles of grounded theory and in-depth content analysis.
they examined cultural idioms in participants ' accounts.
findings suggested that western diagnostic categories of mental illness were alien to participants.
they had a culturally constructed way of defining and characterizing mental illness.
they erected an invisible but permeable barrier to limit access to their normal world.
the role of traditional chinese culture of confucianism was significant in shaping perceptions and conceptions of mental illness.
the authors discussed important implications for future research and social policy.
appearance and the work invested in it by and for people with dementia are a neglected issue within dementia studies.
a key question posed by the authors is whether appearance and the work invested in it are legitimate considerations for dementia care policy and practice.
and if so , how should we make sense of this work and what significance should we attach to it ?
in seeking to answer these questions the authors position the perspectives and experiences of people with dementia as central to their analysis.
a narrative framework is suggested as a useful basis on which to understand the work of managing appearance over the life course.
the implications for policy and practice are outlined.
the transition from community dwelling to a nursing home is a common , though idiosyncratic , experience in the united states.
the findings demonstrate the importance of autonomy in older adults ' definitions of home.
qualitative data were collected using in-person narrative interviews with @number@ individuals and a second photo elicitation interview with @number@ of these persons.
these findings highlight the relationship between housing status , dignity , and shifting identities as older adults experience the aging process in a low-income context.
this study expands the current scholarship on the relationship between environment and aging as well as our understanding of poverty among older persons.
these topics are relevant for new policies and programs to support the aging in place of older persons in subsidized housing.
understanding the life worlds of those who live in or have applied to this form of housing will be instrumental in developing such strategies.
active ageing is a policy tool that dominates the way the ageing society has been constituted during the last decades.
in the who , active ageing configures individual lifestyle in order to expand the plasticity of ageing , based on epidemiological and public health conventions.
based on pseudo-cohort analysis of family expenditures survey , it compares spending patterns on clothing , cosmetics and hairdressing , 1961-2011.
it concludes that there is little evidence for the ' baby boomers ' as a strategic or distinctive generation.
the article analyses the role of handbags in the everyday lives of women with dementia.
this is particularly so during the transition to care homes , where previous aspects of identity and social roles may be lost.
handbags are also significant to making personal or private space within care settings.
handbags may also be adapted or discarded due to changing bodies , lifestyles and the progression of dementia.
where people die has important implications for end-of-life ( eol ) care.
assisted living ( al ) increasingly is becoming a site of eol care and a place where people die.
double holliday junctions ( dhjs ) are important intermediates of homologous recombination.
the separate junctions can each be cleaved by dna structure-selective endonucleases known as holliday junction resolvases.
alternatively , double holliday junctions can be processed by a reaction known as \ "double holliday junction dissolution. \ "
this review details our current knowledge of the dissolution process and the players involved in catalyzing this mechanistically complex means of completing homologous recombination reactions.
there was evidence of reappraisal processes for avoidant but not anxious attachment.
findings highlight the importance of considering attachment style when assessing how people cope with the daily challenges of arthritis.
as men age , they lose bone and are susceptible to fracture.
despite having lower fracture rates than women , men have worse fractures than women do.
multivariable models tested whether race / ethnicity , income , or genetic ancestry predicted annualized %δbmd after controlling for an extensive set of covariates.
neither self-identified race / ethnicity nor genetic ancestry were associated with annualized %δbmd.
ageing is a complex multifactorial process , reflecting the progression of all degenerative pathways within an organism.
so far , genetic variation only explains ~20-25 % of the variability of human survival to age 80 + .
this clearly implies that other factors ( environmental , epigenetic and lifestyle ) contribute to lifespan and the rate of healthy ageing within an individual.
twin studies in the past two decades proved to be a very powerful tool to discriminate the genetic from the environmental component.
introduction : cognitive-communication disorders are common in individuals with traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) and can have a major impact on long-term outcome.
methods : an expert panel met to select appropriate recommendations for assessment and treatment of cognitive-communication disorders based on available literature.
evidence supports treatment of social communication problems in a group format.
future studies should include tests of alternative service delivery models and development of participation-level outcome measures.
introduction : treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) should be based upon the strongest evidence to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
an international workshop was convened to identify kt priorities for acute and rehabilitation care of tbi and develop kt projects addressing these priorities.
the 2-day workshop combined kt theory presentations with small group activities to prioritize topics using a modified delphi method.
results : four acute care topics and @number@ topics in the field of rehabilitation were identified.
in addition to αt , although to a lower amount , also γt is phosphorylated.
in thp-1 monocytes , γtp inhibits cell proliferation and reduces cd36 scavenger receptor expression more potently than αtp.
gene expression analyses were subsequently performed for identified genetic loci.
neither locus was associated with fev1 decline in two additional cohort studies.
we confirmed gene expression of il16 , stard5 , and me3 in multiple lung tissues.
publicly available microarray data confirmed differential expression of all three genes in lung samples from copd patients compared with controls.
items were refined after cognitive interview pretesting and field-tested among symptomatic postmenopausal women enrolled in a multiethnic cohort study in california.
exploratory factor analysis ( sas proc varclus ) and confirmatory factor analysis evaluated factor structure and eliminated poorly fitting items.
additional evidence of construct validity was obtained via examination of correlations with other measures of related constructs.
internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using cronbach α and correlation coefficients , respectively.
the four-factor model provided good approximate fit ( comparative fit index , @number@ standardized root-mean-square residual , @number@ ) .
correlations with other measures of symptom bothersomeness , sexual function , depression , and anxiety conformed to hypotheses.
cronbach α values ranged from @number@ to @number@
intraclass coefficients ranged from @number@ to @number@
aims : very little data are available on the physical requirements for drumming and the potential health benefits of particularly djembe drumming.
we hypothesized that djembe drumming constitutes low-to-moderate intensity exercise , and that drumming would simultaneously reduce stress and anxiety levels and benefit cardiovascular health.
methods : two study populations , middle-aged experienced drummers and a younger novice group participated in 40-min djembe drumming sessions.
measurements of blood pressure , blood lactate and stress and anxiety levels were taken before and after sessions.
also , heart rate was monitored at 5-s intervals throughout each session.
sbp was significantly decreased in the older population postdrumming ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ mmhg ; p < @number@ ) .
furthermore , participation in drumming did not result in acute hypotension in normotensive individuals.
interim partial dentures are used often to temporarily restore a patient's dentition to create a satisfactory phonetic , esthetic , and occlusal relationship.
this article presents a case involving a patient with an aging self-maintained provisional.
from language to motor control , efficient integration of information from different sensory modalities is necessary for maintaining a coherent interaction with the environment.
while a number of training studies have focused on training perceptual and cognitive function , only very few are specifically targeted at improving multisensory processing.
discrimination of temporal order or coincidence is a criterion used by the brain to determine whether cross-modal stimuli should be integrated or not.
in this study we trained older adults to judge the temporal order of visual and auditory stimuli.
we then tested whether the training had an effect in reducing susceptibility to a multisensory illusion , the sound induced flash illusion.
background / aim : exosomes have been demonstrated to be useful non-invasive biomarkers for several cancers including prostate cancer.
since normal cells also secrete exosomes , isolation of cancer-derived exosomes from blood is a prerequisite for their better understanding.
the aim of this study is to establish the method for isolation of prostate cancer-related exosomes from blood.
prostate cancer-related exosomes were also isolated from the plasma of prostate cancer patients by anti-psma beads.
isolated exosomes were analyzed by western blotting.
results : exosomes were isolated from lncap cells by ultracentrifugation , contained psma and androgen receptor ( ar ) .
ar was also detected in exosomes isolated from lncap cells by anti-psma and anti-cd9 beads , showing that ar is present in prostate cancer-related exosomes.
neither weight nor wc gains were associated with dental status.
the risk of weight and wc loss was higher among edentulous participants than among dentate participants.
lung cancer is notorious for its ability to metastasize , but the pathways regulating lung cancer metastasis are largely unknown.
knockdown of trkb in human lung cancer cell lines significantly decreased their migratory and metastatic ability in vitro and in vivo.
in an autochthonous lung adenocarcinoma model driven by activated oncogenic kras and p53 loss , trkb deficiency significantly reduced metastasis.
hypoxia-inducible factor-1 directly regulated trkb expression , and , in turn , trkb activated akt signaling in metastatic lung cancer cells.
these studies demonstrate that trkb is an important therapeutic target in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
background : light-to-moderate drinking is apparently associated with a decreased risk of physical limitations in middle-aged and older adults.
objective : to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical limitations in eastern european populations.
methods : physical limitations were defined as < 75% of optimal physical functioning using the physical functioning ( pf-10 ) subscale of the short-form-36 questionnaire.
alcohol consumption was assessed by a graduated frequency questionnaire , and problem drinking was defined as ≥2 positive responses on the cage questionnaire.
in the russian sample , past drinking was also assessed.
conclusion : this study found an inverse association between alcohol consumption and physical limitations.
the high odds of physical limitations in non-drinkers can be largely explained by poor health of former drinkers.
the apparently protective effect of heavier drinking was partly due to less healthy former heavy drinkers who moved to lower drinking categories.
background and purpose : autoimmune encephalopathies ( aes ) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that affect cognition.
although memory difficulties are commonly endorsed , few reports of aes inclusively assess all cognitive domains in detail.
clinical magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) ( n = @date@ ) was evaluated.
five subjects had serial cognitive testing available , permitting descriptive analysis of change.
mri findings showed t2 hyperintensities in medial temporal lobe ( @date@ ) and basal ganglia ( @date@ ) .
the study further highlights the importance of domain-specific testing to parse out the complex cognitive phenotypes of vgkcc -ab ae.
extrinsic stimuli such as cell culture stress can also trigger this growth arrest.
here , we review the evidence which indicates that loss of b-myb expression has an important role in causing senescence growth arrest.
in the aging lung , the lung capacity decreases even in the absence of diseases.
pparγ levels are directly regulated by wnt molecules ; therefore , changes in the wnt microenvironment have close control over maintenance of the distal lung.
in the senile lung , both wnt4 and wnt5a levels increase and both wnt-s increase myofibroblast-like differentiation.
alteration of the wnt microenvironment plays a significant role in pulmonary aging.
diminished lipo- and increased myofibroblast-like differentiation are directly regulated by specific wnt-s , which process also controls surfactant production and pulmonary repair mechanisms.
voxel-based analysis is widely used for quantitative analysis of brain mri.
to ameliorate this issue , granularity reduction is commonly performed by applying isotropic spatial filtering.
this study proposes a systematic reduction of the spatial information using ontology-based hierarchical structural relationships.
the @number@ brain structures were first defined in multiple ( n = 29 ) geriatric atlases.
at each ontology level , the amount of atrophy was evaluated , providing a unique view of low-granularity analysis.
this reduction of spatial information allowed us to investigate the anatomical features of each patient , demonstrated in an alzheimer's disease group.
we defined mps based on the presence of any one of bradykinesia , rigidity , or rest tremor.
velocity and spatial , temporal , and variability gait parameters were recorded using an instrumented walkway.
participants with mps walked slower and with disturbed spatial and variability components of gait compared to those without mps.
bradykinesia was associated with worse spatial and variability gait parameters.
this association was only significant for axial bradykinesia , but not for the presence of bradykinesia in the limbs.
among mps , bradykinesia but not rigidity or tremor was associated with worse quantitative gait performance in older adults.
cerebrovascular disease , a preventable condition , was specifically associated with bradykinesia.
participants performed a mrom assessment and a maximal voluntary contraction of the plantarflexors before and immediately after @number@ min of passive stretching.
both groups experienced increases in mrom and peak passive torque and decreases in the passive resistance to stretch.
however , the old men experienced greater changes in mrom ( p < @number@ ) and passive resistance ( p = @number@ @date@ ) .
the stretching-induced impairments in strength and activation in the young but not the old men may suggest that the neural impairments following stretching are gamma-loop-mediated.
vascular aging consists of complex and multifaceted processes that may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system.
despite these identified relationships , the impact of agtr1 a1166c on white matter integrity and cognition is less clear in a healthy aging population.
in addition , cognitive performance did not differ significantly between groups and was not significantly associated with sh in this cohort.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) has become a health and financial burden worldwide.
the mets definition captures clustering of risk factors that predict higher risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
of them twenty-five variants ( seven loci newly reported ) are proposed as mets candidates.
these findings warrant further functional investigation.
i examine a number of possible explanations for differential activation in terms of task performance , neuronal computation , neuronal energetics , and network organization.
hierarchical logistic regression models were used to model the dependent variables of ot and pt service use within @number@ d of the initial assessment.
results : regional differences accounted for @percent@ of the variation in pt service provision and @percent@ of ot service provision.
after controlling for the differences across regions , the most powerful predictors of service provision were identified for both ot and pt.
for ot , hazards in the home environment was the most powerful predictor of future service provision.
previous research has demonstrated that a large proportion of home care clients specifically identified as having rehabilitation potential do not receive it.
this article used clinical assessment data to identify the predictors of and barriers to rehabilitation services for older adults in the ontario home care system.
barriers of pt included dementia diagnosis and french as a first language.
barriers to ot included dementia diagnosis.
lumbar stenosis is one of the more common radiographic manifestations of the aging process , leading to narrowing of the spinal canal and foramen.
when stenosis is clinically relevant , patients often describe activity-related low-back or lower-extremity pain , known as neurogenic claudication.
for those patients who do not improve with conservative care , surgery is considered an appropriate treatment alternative.
the primary objective of surgery is to reconstitute the spinal canal.
the role of fusion , in the absence of a degenerative deformity , is uncertain.
the previous guideline recommended against the inclusion of lumbar fusion in the absence of spinal instability or a likelihood of iatrogenic instability.
it is difficult if not impossible , therefore , to formulate valid conclusions regarding the utility of fusion for patients with uncomplicated stenosis.
aberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing.
less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
this review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases.
thus , we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases.
consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.
in-migrants swelled urban cohorts of reproductive age and delayed the urban fertility transition.
the results also have implications for our understanding of demographic processes during the second urban transition in developing countries.
however , the effect of chronic aspirin on the incidence of af has not been evaluated in a prospective cohort followed for an extended period.
methods and results : this study was comprised of a prospective cohort of @number@ @number@ male participants of the physicians ' health study.
aspirin intake and covariates were estimated using self-reported questionnaires.
incident af was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires.
cox's regression , with adjustment for multiple covariates , was used to estimate relative risk of af.
average age at baseline was @number@.1±8.9 years.
during a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ cases of af were reported.
analysis of the data using time-varying cox's regression model to update aspirin intake over time showed similar results.
objective and method : the number of tuberculosis ( tb ) deaths in japan has decreased by @percent@ in the past @number@ years.
as of @number@ the death rate was @number@ per @number@ populations.
therefore , we conducted a systematic review of previous studies that have focused on the association between tb death and socio-economic factors.
these factors negatively affect patients ' health-seeking behavior and thereby increase the risk of death.
as expected , the older adults performed more poorly on most balance tasks.
in general , the plantarflexors had a stronger predictive role than the dorsiflexors.
plantarflexor stiffness was strongly related to general balance performance , particularly in quiet stance ; but this effect did not depend on age.
together , these results suggest that age-related differences in balance performance are explained in part by alterations in muscular mechanical properties.
during self-selected gait , older adults walked with shorter step lengths and exhibited a lower required cof.
older adults also exhibited a lower required cof when walking at a controlled speed without controlling step length.
when both age groups walked with the same speed and step length , no age difference in required cof was found.
thus , speed and step length can have a large influence on studies investigating age-related differences in required cof.
older adults experience deficits in working memory ( wm ) that are acutely exacerbated by the presence of distracting information.
human neurophysiological studies have revealed that these changes are accompanied by a diminished ability to suppress visual cortical activity associated with task-irrelevant information.
although this is often attributed to deficits in top-down control from a prefrontal cortical source , this has not yet been directly demonstrated.
method : proposed competencies were derived from existing hospice and palliative medicine fellowship competencies and revised to be developmentally appropriate for students and residents.
results : the authors identified @number@ comprehensive palliative care competencies for medical students and im / fm residents , respectively.
over @percent@ of survey respondents judged the competencies as comprehensive and developmentally appropriate ( survey response rate = @percent@ , 71 / 98 ) .
using predefined cutoff criteria , experts identified @number@ medical student and @number@ im / fm resident competencies as essential.
communication and pain / symptom management were rated as the most critical domains.
next steps include seeking input and endorsement from stakeholders in the broader medical education community.
background : falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury and fractures and the no. @number@ cause of emergency department visits by older adults.
results : a total of @number@ citations were found.
six studies were selected for inclusion , whereas @number@ studies were excluded from the analytical review.
the majority of articles ( @number@ of @number@ ) utilized reactive postural control paradigms.
all studies incorporated extrinsic measures of muscle fatigue , such as declines in maximal voluntary contraction or available active range of motion.
the most common biomechanical postural control task outcomes were spatial measures , temporal measures , and end-points of lower extremity joint kinetics.
conclusion : on the basis of systematic review of relevant literature , it appears that muscle fatigue induces clear deteriorations in reactive postural control.
a paucity of high-quality studies examining anticipatory postural control supports the need for further research in this area.
design : this was a randomized double-blind , parallel , placebo-controlled trial.
setting : the study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.
at baseline , symptoms were worse in men with depression and microvascular complications but did not correlate with t levels.
there appears to be a strong relationship between td and metabolic syndrome , though the relationship is not certain to be causal.
several studies have suggested that repletion of testosterone in deficient men with these comorbidities may indeed reverse or delay their progression.
yet , this is not done without risk.
these advances may improve the understanding and classification of peripheral neuropathies.
recent findings : diagnostic studies of mr-neurography and high-resolution ultrasound in entrapment-neuropathies consistently report accurate determination and localization of symptomatic nerve entrapment.
additionally , the longitudinal sampling of nerve-t2-signal over larger areas of coverage has become technically feasible.
imaging detection of fascicular lesions allows for more accurate localization , because fascicular lesion types represent a specific pitfall for examinations.
fascicular hypoechogenicity of high-resolution ultrasound is the correlate of nerve-t2-signal lesions , but contrast is inferior and difficult to quantify.
therefore , nerve enlargement remains the main diagnostic criterion in high-resolution ultrasound.
provides quantitative estimates of fiber structure , which were shown to correlate with aging and focal entrapment.
cognitive impairment is a devastating condition commonly observed with normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we describe here how recent advances in dissecting cognitive deficits from a systems-perspective have contributed to a non-neurocentric understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment strategy.
we also discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of these exciting progresses and consider some key issues in the clinical translation.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' neuroimmunology and synaptic function'.
older adults were less accurate than young adults with both object classes , while face matching was notably impaired.
the face specific decline in older adults revealed deficits in handling internal facial features , while young adults matched external and internal features equally well.
comparison with non-face stimuli showed that this decline was face specific , and did not concern processing of object features in general.
taken together , the results indicate no age-related decline in the capabilities to process faces holistically.
at the same time , access to the exact properties of inner face details becomes restricted.
grasping is a complex action which requires high-level motor control.
movement duration did not differ between the two groups.
elderly adults showed a decrease in accuracy when grasping objects presented in the peripheral , but not in the central visual field.
setting : a nationally representative , population-based sample of community-dwelling adults.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : participants completed the tug and ugs at baseline and indicated difficulty in a number of basic adl and iadl at follow-up.
predictive probabilities were obtained across a range of performance levels.
conclusions : tug and ugs have similar predictive ability in relation to incident disability in basic adl and iadl.
predictive probabilities can be used to identify those most at risk and in need of particular services.
the variability and predictors of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in preschool-aged children have not been thoroughly examined.
additionally , the impact of temporal changes in the use and restriction of phthalates in children's products has not been assessed.
our objective was to identify demographic , behavioral , and temporal predictors of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in young children.
we used multivariable linear regression to examine cross-sectional relationships between food packaging or personal care product use and phthalate metabolites measured at age @number@ years.
concentrations changed with age , suggesting age-related changes in phthalate exposure and perhaps metabolism.
concentrations of σdehp metabolites decreased over the study period ; however , concentrations of dinp metabolites increased.
cosmeceuticals are being used on children ; yet studies of cosmeceuticals in the pediatric population are limited.
to date , no safety and efficacy study exists on cosmeceutical use in pediatric patients.
virtually all studies on cosmeceuticals have been performed in women with varying degrees of skin aging.
the cosmeceuticals most likely to be used by younger children are moisturizers and sunscreens.
summary : pediatricians should be familiar with the use of common cosmeceuticals used in children , especially the use of broad-spectrum sunscreen.
in the future , more children will be exposed to cosmeceuticals and may experience side effects such as contact dermatitis and skin irritation.
objective : this study investigated the association between maternal age at birth of last child and likelihood of survival to advanced age.
methods : this was a nested case-control study using long life family study data.
background : there is increasing evidence that chronic stress accelerates telomere erosion in leukocytes / peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) .
however , functional changes associated with telomere shortening are poorly understood.
results : middle-aged war veterans with current ptsd had shorter pbmc telomere length than their age-matched healthy controls while the elderly had the shortest telomeres.
there was no difference in telomerase activity between ptsd patients and healthy controls while telomerase activity was significantly lower in the elderly.
conclusions : this study adds to the accumulating evidence that psychological trauma and chronic stress are associated with accelerated telomere attrition.
however , changes in immune function associated with stress-related telomere shortening are not well understood.
together with reduced production of th1 cytokines , observed immune changes may contribute to health risks associated with ptsd.
the aim of this study is to investigate age-related changes of quantitative diffusivity parameters and fiber characteristics on limbic system in healthy volunteers.
methods : @number@ healthy subjects aged 25-70 years were examined at @number@ tmr.
quantitative fiber tracking was performed of fornix , cingulum , and the parahippocampal gyrus.
results : the fa values of left hippocampus , bilateral parahippocampal gyrus , and fornix showed negative correlations with aging.
the adc values of right amygdala and left cingulum interestingly showed negative relation and the left hippocampus represented positive relation with age.
the cingulum showed no correlation.
the significant relative changes per decade of age were found in the cingulum and parahippocampal gyrus fa measurements.
conclusion : our approach shows that aging affects hippocampus , parahippocampus , and fornix significantly but not cingulum.
these findings reveal age-related changes of limbic system in normal population that may contribute to future dti studies.
molecular virology methods including polymerase chain reaction , cloning and sequencing have revolutionised our understanding of viral genome variation.
the gradual removal of the tolerogenic effect of hbeag leads to the awakening of the immune response ( immune clearance phase ) .
most patients after hbeag seroconversion become \ "inactive hbsag carriers \ ".
this probably reflects the aging of existing hbv carriers and the effective prevention measures restricting new hbv infections.
total cholesterol / high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( tc / hdl-c ) and low-density lipoprotein / hdl-c ratios were used as biomarkers of cvd risk.
however , no differences were observed after consuming either s or ss milk in the c allele carriers.
however , the present results suggest that many individuals might not benefit from such general recommendations.
on all locations , cvcmax decreased with age but less markedly in the forehead compared to the two other locations.
the widespread roll-out of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) has substantially changed the face of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
timely initiation of art in hiv-infected individuals dramatically reduces mortality and improves employment rates to levels prior to hiv infection.
a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins , lipids and nucleic acids contributes to the aging of macromolecules.
the formation and accumulation of age have been known to progress at a normal physiological aging and at an accelerated rate under diabetes.
further , food- or smoking-derived age have also been shown to promote the aging-associated organ damage in humans.
in this paper , we discuss the role of age-rage-oxidative stress and its therapeutic interventions in osteo-vascular disorders.
hypertension , osteoporosis and vascular calcification are major diseases in the recent aging society and may share the same backgrounds genetically and environmentally.
as treatments to prevent aging-related diseases simultaneously are desirable , we investigate common backgrounds underling these diseases.
renin- angiotensin system , which causes high blood pressure , is found to be involved in bone metabolism.
angiotensin ii has been shown to accelerate osteoporosis through rankl up-regulation in osteoblast.
rankl , in turn , contributes to vascular calcification by regulating bone morphogenetic protein-2 and mgp expression , as well as bone-related proteins.
angiotensin type @number@ receptor blockers ( arbs ) ameliorate osteoporosis and vascular calcification beyond their blood pressure lowering effects.
in addition , the expressions of α-kl mrna and α-kl protein were severely reduced in these patients.
these results suggest the involvement of α-kl and fgf23 in the pathogeneses of not only aging-associated syndromes but also the complications of ckd.
lv strain was also measured by using vsp two-dimensional ( 2d ) and vendor-independent 3d speckle-tracking echocardiographic software packages , for comparison.
three-dimensional longitudinal strain decreased , whereas 3dcε increased , with aging ( p < @number@ ) , with different trends in men and women.
men had lower 3dlε , 3drε , 3daε , and 2d longitudinal strain than women ( p < @number@ ) .
lv 3d strain parameters were also influenced by lv volumes and mass , image quality , and temporal resolution ( p < @number@ ) .
significantly different 3dcε and 3drε values were obtained with vendor-independent versus vsp 3d ste ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : in healthy subjects , reference values of lv 3d strain parameters were significantly influenced by demographic , cardiac , and technical factors.
limits of normality of lv strain by vsp 3d ste should not be used interchangeably with vsp 2d ste or with vin 3d ste software.
patients aged ≥ @number@ years were twice as likely to visit the ed as younger patients.
finally , all healthcare providers should be made aware of frequently occurring precipitating factors for hypoglycaemia , so that they can take timely precautionary action.
coronary artery calcification ( cac ) is a heritable and definitive morphologic marker of atherosclerosis that strongly predicts risk for future cardiovascular events.
only a single gene , treml4 , was upregulated in cac cases in both studies.
finally , we determined by von kossa staining that treml4 colocalizes with areas of microcalcification within coronary plaques.
overall , we present integrative rna , dna , and protein evidence implicating treml4 in coronary artery calcification.
our findings connect multimodal genomics data with a commonly used clinical marker of cardiovascular disease.
blood pressure ( bp ) is a heritable , quantitative trait with intraindividual variability and susceptibility to measurement error.
genetic studies of bp generally use single-visit measurements and thus cannot remove variability occurring over months or years.
we leveraged the idea that averaging bp measured across time would improve phenotypic accuracy and thereby increase statistical power to detect genetic associations.
replication analyses conducted in cohorts with single-visit bp data showed positive replication of associations and a nominal association ( p < @number@ ) .
we estimated a @percent@ gain in statistical power with long-term average ( lta ) as compared to single-visit bp association studies.
using lta analysis , we identified genetic loci influencing bp.
objectives : determine diagnostic accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of parkinson disease ( pd ) using neuropathologic diagnosis as the gold standard.
neuropathologic diagnosis was the gold standard.
using final diagnosis at time of death , @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) probpd cases had confirmed pd.
clinical variables that improved diagnostic accuracy were medication response , motor fluctuations , dyskinesias , and hyposmia.
caution is needed when interpreting clinical studies of pd , especially studies of early disease that do not have autopsy confirmation.
the need for a tissue or other diagnostic biomarker is reinforced.
objective : we sought to characterize racial differences in disability among older stroke survivors.
methods : a cross-sectional study of @number@ self-reported stroke survivors from the @number@ national health and aging trends study was performed.
race was based on self-report.
primary outcome was activity limitations ( requiring assistance with mobility , self-care , and household activities ) .
secondary outcome was participation restrictions , which were defined as reductions / absence in valued social activities because of health.
physical capacity was measured by a validated scale ( @number@ low-12 high ) .
results : non-hispanic black participants had lower physical capacity than non-hispanic white participants ( mean @number@ vs @number@ p < @number@ ) .
for most activities , black participants had significantly greater limitations than white participants.
these differences persisted after accounting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities , but largely became nonsignificant after accounting for physical capacity.
further understanding of the causes of racial differences in capacity after stroke is needed to reduce activity limitations after stroke and decrease racial disparities.
older participants , blacks , the less educated and those with lower income were higher on both edentulism and number missing teeth.
both edentulism and number of missing teeth declined over time , but their patterns varied.
for edentulism , age and socioeconomic related disparities decreased over time due to more decline among older and low-income participants.
for missing teeth , there was less decrement among older and low-income participants , resulting in increased age and socioeconomic related disparities.
conclusions : our study found disparities in trends of tooth loss across demographic / socioeconomic strata.
findings suggest that racial / ethnic disparities are partially explained by socioeconomic status.
interventions designed to improve oral health for older adults , particularly those with low levels of income , need special attention.
testicular nuclear receptor @number@ ( tr4 ) plays protective roles against oxidative stress and dna damage and might contribute to aging.
in vitro migration / invasion assays after manipulation of the tr4 expression in pca cells showed that tr4 promoted pca cells migration / invasion.
mechanism dissection found that the ccl2 / ccr2 signal plays the key role in the mediation of tr4-promoted pca cells migration / invasion.
centenarians and their offspring are increasingly considered a useful model to study and characterize the mechanisms underlying healthy aging and longevity.
information was collected on lifestyle , past and current diseases , medical history and medication use.
our results strengthen the hypothesis that the longevity of parents may influence the health status of their offspring.
purpose : muscle mass depletion is associated with adverse outcomes in cancer patients.
a linear mixed model was used to estimate the impact of age , sex , tumor type , and inflammation.
prevalence of muscle depletion was higher in men than women ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
patients with pancreatic cancer had less muscle mass than patients with biliary tract and colorectal cancers ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no differences in muscle loss over time in patients grouped by median age or tumor type.
the prevalence of elevated c-reactive protein was @number@ to @percent@ during the study.
conclusions : muscle loss in advanced cancer is related to age , sex , tumor type , and inflammation.
the mechanism ( s ) behind the apparent sexual dimorphism warrants further study.
cisd2 , an evolutionarily conserved novel gene , plays a crucial role in lifespan control and human disease.
mutations in human cisd2 cause type @number@ wolfram syndrome , a rare neurodegenerative and metabolic disorder associated with a shortened lifespan.
in the cisd2 knockout mice , cisd2 deficiency shortens lifespan and drives a panel of premature aging phenotypes.
additionally , an age-dependent decrease of cisd2 expression has been detected during normal aging in mice.
at the cellular level , cisd2 deficiency leads to mitochondrial breakdown and dysfunction accompanied by cell death with autophagic features.
recent studies revealed that cisd2 may function as an autophagy regulator involved in the bcl-2 mediated regulation of autophagy.
clock drawings from @number@ participants were scored independently by four clinical neuropsychologists blind to diagnostic classification.
the interrater agreement of individual scoring criteria was analyzed and items with poor or moderate reliability were excluded.
the classification accuracy of the resulting scoring system - the six-item cdt - was examined.
at a cutoff of @date@ , the six-item cdt had a sensitivity ( sn ) of @number@ and a specificity of @number@
stepwise removal of up to three items reduced sn slightly.
classification accuracy associated with a score of four or less out of six was very high.
alzheimer's dementia ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder , which affects @number@ million people worldwide.
with aging of the population , it is becoming an increasing problem in croatia.
alzheimer's dementia represents not only problem for the patient but affects the patients ' caregivers as well.
caring for a patient with ad carries a significant physical , socioeconomic and psychological burden.
previous studies have shown an increased risk of physical and psychiatric illness.
the study included @number@ caregivers of ad patients.
participants were included consecutively , during july and @date@ .
the mean level of anxiety and depression as measured by hads was @time@ + / - @number@ and @number@ + / - @number@ respectively.
objective : to review the role of microrna ( mirna ) in skin development and wound healing.
methods : the recent literature about mirna in skin development and wound healing was reviewed and analyzed.
meanwhile , mirna also involved in various stages of skin regeneration and wound healing.
abnormal expression of mirna is closely related with abnormal wound healing.
conclusion : mirna play an important role in maintaining normal skin physiology and skin regeneration.
( eds. ) ( @number@ ) .
the routledge handbook of cultural gerontology.
london : routledge ) .
reflecting the wider cultural turn , it has expanded the field of gerontology beyond all recognition.
we will analyze the impulses that led to the emergence of the field and the forces that have inhibited or delayed its development.
finally , we will briefly address whether there are problems in the approach.
dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease is common.
the pathological substrates associated with post-stroke or vascular dementia are poorly understood , particularly those associated with executive dysfunction.
three separate yet interconnecting circuits control executive function within the frontal lobe involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , anterior cingulate cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex.
post-mortem brain tissues from post-stroke dementia and post-stroke patients with no dementia were derived from our prospective cognitive function after stroke study.
there were no significant changes in neuronal volumes in either the anterior cingulate or orbitofrontal cortices.
vo ( 2p ) and [ hhb ] responses were modeled as a mono-exponential.
we used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25 ( oh ) d concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk.
interpretation : increased plasma concentrations of 25 ( oh ) d might reduce the risk of hypertension.
this finding warrants further investigation in an independent , similarly powered study.
funding : british heart foundation , uk medical research council , and academy of finland.
changes in oxidative stress are also associated with the natural aging process.
thus , the investigation of oxidative stress across the life span of patients with bd is crucial.
to assess protein oxidation , we measured the plasma levels of protein carbonyl ( pc ) and 3-nitrotyrosine ( 3-nt ) using the elisa technique.
to assess lipid peroxidation , we measured plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide ( lph ) and 4-hydroxynonenal ( 4-hne ) using spectrophotometric assays.
sit-to-stand ( sts ) movements are essential for daily activities.
failure to perform sts movements efficiently and smoothly may lead to falls.
the regression analysis results further indicated that only mp and the sts stabilization phase could differentiate individuals who had past fall events.
therefore , the equipment we developed could potentially be useful in the assessment and monitoring of balance and the risk of falling in older people.
design : cross sectional.
setting : lifestyle interventions and independence in elder ( life ) study.
exertional dyspnea was defined as moderate to severe ( modified borg index ) immediately after a 400-meter walk test ( 400mwt ) .
exertional leg symptoms were established by the san diego claudication questionnaire.
results : a combined reduced fev1 and pad was established in @percent@ ( 78 / 1307 ) of participants.
background : aberrant dna methylation in gene promoters is associated with aging and cancer , but the circumstances determining methylation change are unknown.
we investigated the impact of lifestyle modulators of colorectal cancer ( crc ) risk on the stability of gene promoter methylation in the colonic mucosa.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
results : of @number@ promoter-associated cpgs analyzed , @number@ showed statistically significant age-dependent methylation gains.
conclusions : lifestyle , including aspirin use , modulates age-associated dna methylation change in the colonic epithelium and thereby impacts the evolution of cancer methylomes.
autophagy is a catabolic membrane-trafficking process that occurs in all eukaryotic organisms analyzed to date.
the study of autophagy has exploded over the last decade or so , branching into numerous aspects of cellular and organismal physiology.
in the present review , i would like to narrow the discussion to the more classical roles of autophagy in supporting viability under nutrient limitation.
a possible proton translocation mechanism with all membrane subunits operating in unison is described.
this study aims to investigate the village doctors ' aging situation and its implications in rural china.
using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling process , the baseline data was collected through the self-administered structured village doctor questionnaire.
descriptive analyses , correlation analyses , and multivariate linear regression with interaction terms were conducted with the statistics software stata @number@
both the age and the recruitment time of the village doctors were demonstrated to have a bimodal distribution.
a greater proportion of the male village doctors were aging.
greater attention should be paid to the construction of the pension system and the replenishment of the village doctors with qualified medical graduates.
interleukin @number@ ( il-15 ) controls both the homeostasis and the peripheral activation of natural killer ( nk ) cells.
the molecular basis for this duality of action remains unknown.
this process was essential for sustaining nk cell proliferation during development and the acquisition of cytolytic potential during inflammation or viral infection.
leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 ) is a causative gene of autosomal dominant familial parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
further analysis of family members of the proband with the p.r1441g mutation revealed that her mother and first cousin shared the same mutation and parkinsonism.
haplotype analysis revealed a different haplotype from that of the original spanish families.
our patients demonstrated levodopa-responsive parkinsonism with intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity.
this is the first report of familial pd because of the lrrk2 p.r1441g mutation in asia.
healthy aging is associated with declines in episodic memory.
this reduction is thought to be due in part to age-related differences in encoding-related processes.
only studies using the subsequent memory paradigm were included.
we discuss whether these age-related differences in brain activation benefit performance in older adults , and additional considerations.
cordycepin , an active ingredient of the insect fungus cordyceps spp. , shows strong antioxidant and anticancer activities.
our results show that cordycepin resulted in significant reduction in lncap cell survival by inducing apoptotic cell death.
the general caspase inhibitor , z-vad-fmk , completely abolished cordycepin-induced cell death , demonstrating that cordycepin-induced apoptosis was dependent on the activation of caspases.
respiratory infections are a leading cause of infectious disease burden worldwide especially among the elderly.
vaccines are available for a limited number of these pathogens including influenza , pneumococcal and pertussis vaccines.
however , studies demonstrating systemic transport of nitrogen oxide species and release of no prompt the question of whether ipc could also exert nonlocal effects.
we also measured ba responses to @number@ min of upper arm occlusion at rest and during @number@ h of leg ipc.
plasma s-nitrosothiols were unchanged ( @number@.79±4.81 nm to @number@.27±5.79 nm , p = 0.3 ) .
ba occlusion-mediated constriction ( omc ) was significantly attenuated with ipc treatment ( -43±13% to -33±12% , p = 0.003 ) .
high-flow mediated ba dilation was unchanged ( @number@.3±9.4% to @number@.5±7.2% , p = 0.2 ) .
conclusion : plasma nitrite , rbc-no , and ba omc decreased with leg ipc.
a prominent explanation for this pattern relates to deteriorating economic conditions , especially the sharp rise in unemployment associated with the great recession of 2007-2009.
we find a strong positive association between unemployment rates and total suicide rates over time within states.
a positive effect of unemployment on temporal variation in middle-aged suicide exists but not for other age groups.
the role of egf and tgf-β1 in thyroid cancer is still not clearly defined.
tgf-β1 inhibited the cellular growth and migration of follicular ( ftc-133 ) and papillary ( b-cpap ) thyroid carcinoma cell lines.
tgf-β1 , tβrii and egfr expressions were evaluated in benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
papillary carcinomas were positive to e-cadherin expression , while the follicular carcinomas lose e-cadherin staining.
we report a novel strategy for studying synaptic pathology by concurrently measuring levels of four snare complex proteins from individual brain tissue samples.
we use the technique to demonstrate altered levels of presynaptic proteins in alzheimer disease patients and prion-infected mice.
loss of vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) function is a hallmark of vascular disease.
vsmcs become increasingly dysregulated , apoptotic , and senescent as we age.
sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) is a deactylase that regulates substrates associated with stress mitigation , metabolism , and aging.
we compared endogenous sirt1 expression in young and old human donors.
human vsmc ( huvsmc ) from donors ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) were isolated and cultured.
in cultured huvsmc the levels of endogenous sirt1 were examined by western blot analysis.
we found that endogenous sirt1 protein expression inversely correlated with donor age.
manipulation of sirt1 levels in young cells confirmed the role of sirt1 in cellular migration and proliferation capability.
furthermore , we demonstrated that age-related loss of sirt1 was associated with the induction of vsmc senescence.
the cohort comprised @number@ dlb cases and @number@ controls.
to minimize the issue of potential misdiagnosis , we have also performed the analysis including only neuropathologically proven dlb cases ( @number@ cases ) .
we make all these data available.
multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes.
in recent years , secreted extracellular vesicles ( evs ) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted.
thus , circulating evs-or specific ev cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease.
background : a frailty index ( fi ) based on the accumulation of deficits typically has a submaximal limit at about @number@
in particular , we were interested to see if the limit was exceeded.
methods : secondary analysis of six waves of the honolulu-asia aging study.
fis were calculated across six waves and the distribution at each wave was evaluated.
kaplan-meier analyses and cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the relationship of frailty with mortality.
results : at each wave , frailty was nonlinearly associated with age , with acceleration in later years.
the distributions of the fis were skewed with long right tails.
despite the increasing mortality in each successive wave , the @percent@ submaximal limit never exceeded @number@
depending on the wave , the median survival of people with fi more than @number@ ranged @number@.84-2.04 years.
however , it is unclear if changes in its activity affect platelet activation in vivo.
conclusions : the study provides the first evidence that in vivo platelet activation is significantly and directly associated with nox2 activity.
platelet nox2 may be a novel target for platelet activation inhibition.
velocity ( cm / s ) was obtained using an instrumented walkway.
cognitive performance was assessed using accuracy ratio : [ correct responses ] / [ total responses ] .
greater dual-task costs in velocity ( p < @number@ ) were observed in wwc compared to wwr.
conclusions : our findings suggested that dual-task costs in gait increase as the complexity of the cognitive task increases.
furthermore , the positive association between the gait and cognitive tasks suggest that dual-task performance was not influenced by task prioritization strategies in this sample.
the presence of the ε4 allele has been associated with lower levels of apoe in both serum and brain tissues of normal and ad subjects.
the most promising of these compounds is called probucol.
purpose : we located the instantaneous center of rotation ( icr ) for the cervical spine at various ages and investigated age-related changes.
we evaluated the impact of cervical disc degeneration on the icr using a scoring system based on plain radiographs.
the icrs from c3 / c4 to c6 / c7 were determined from the radiographs using mimics software.
a scoring system determined from lateral radiographs quantitatively assessed degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs.
icrs were compared among groups to analyze age-related changes and the relation between degenerative changes and icr location.
degenerative changes produced more anterosuperior translation of the icr , which was significantly correlated with height loss ( p < @number@ ) .
in moderately or severely degenerated segments , the icr location change reached statistical significance ( p < @number@ ) .
these findings should be considered in clinical practice and when designing disc prostheses.
similarly , the manner in which global and regional differences in white matter integrity contribute to age-related differences in cognition has not been well established.
we conducted principal component analysis on each diffusion measure , using data from eight individual tracts.
for fractional anisotropy , the complementary results of multiple components and variability in component loadings across tracts suggest regional variation.
further analyses indicated that age was a significant mediator of the relation between each component and perceptual-motor speed.
the adcs were estimated using both fat-saturated and non-fat-saturated diffusion-weighted imaging via a periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction ( propeller ) technique.
conclusions : parotid fat content in healthy adults correlates positively with both age and bmi ; the correlation with age is gender-dependent.
parotid adc measurements are strongly influenced by fat saturation.
key points : parotid fat content in healthy adults correlates positively with age and bmi.
the rate of aging-related increase in fat contents is gender-dependent.
parotid adc measurements are strongly influenced by fat saturation.
this research examined the association between multiple dimensions of wellness and cognition among aging adults.
the sample included @number@ male and female community-dwelling adults @number@ years and older.
method : data come from the social environment and biomarkers of aging study in taiwan and the midlife in the united states study.
results : physiological dysregulation is significantly , negatively related to ses in both the united states and taiwan , especially for males.
such evaluation can increase the possibility of detecting wall stiffness and atherosclerosis in its early stage.
to extract the high-frequency components of the wall motion , wall vibration , the empirical mode decomposition was then used.
the peak-to-peak amplitude also decreases by age and is lower in overweight subjects.
however , there were no significant correlations between these features of the wall vibrations and systolic / diastolic blood pressure and sex.
our proposed measures were certified using the calculated arterial stiffness indices.
the branching structures of neurons are a long-standing focus of neuroscience.
axonal and dendritic morphology affect synaptic signaling , integration , and connectivity , and their diversity reflects the computational specialization of neural circuits.
altered neuronal morphology accompanies functional changes during development , experience , aging , and disease.
technological improvements continuously accelerate high-throughput tissue processing , image acquisition , and morphological reconstruction.
digital reconstructions of neuronal morphologies allow for complex quantitative analyses that are unattainable from raw images or two-dimensional tracings.
furthermore , digitized morphologies enable computational modeling of biophysically realistic neuronal dynamics.
additionally , reconstructions generated to address specific scientific questions have the potential for continued investigations beyond the original reason for their acquisition.
facilitating multiple reuse are repositories like neuromorpho.org , which ease the sharing of reconstructions.
these reconstructions , deposited in neuromorpho.org , have since been used by other investigators in additional research , of which we highlight representative examples.
this cycle of data generation , analysis , sharing , and reuse reveals the vast potential of digital reconstructions in quantitative investigations of neuronal morphology.
objective : to assess the effect of age on the increase in dm prevalence in spain between @number@ and @number@
crude and adjusted percentage increases were also calculated for the whole period and for the 2001-2006 and 2006-2012 sub-periods.
results : @percent@ of the crude dm prevalence increase is attributable to the population aging during the whole period.
although the trends are different in the two sub-periods , adjusted prevalence rates also show an increasing trend.
aims : this review aims to describe and analyze the main items that use this method to assess physical activity.
the validity of the articles was given by the degree of evidence demonstrated by describing the recommendations and the applicability to our context.
this review has considered studies evaluating physical activity through accelerometers.
results : the results show that this method can be used in ages @number@ to @number@ years.
studies in pregnant women show satisfactory results.
conclusion : the literature reviewed provides the accelerometer as a reliable and effective method to assess physical activity.
since the beginning of mankind , man has sought ways to promote and preserve health as well as to prevent disease.
hydration , physical activity and exercise are key factors for enhancing human health.
however , either a little dose of them or an excess can be harmful for health maintenance at any age.
water is an essential nutrient for human body and a major key to survival has been to prevent dehydration.
in addition , up to now the tools used to measure hydration are controversial.
a combination of methods will be the most preferred tool to find out any risk or situation of dehydration at any age range.
this research was undertaken to guide national brain health awareness and education strategies.
methods : a cross-sectional telephone survey was undertaken of @number@ australians aged 20-75 years.
in analysis the data were stratified by sex , age , educational attainment , household income , language preference and previous exposure to dementia.
multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to identify variables independently associated with beliefs and knowledge.
while @percent@ of respondents believed the risk of dementia could be reduced , @percent@ were very confident that they could achieve this.
women , people of english-speaking origin , and those having contact with a person with dementia , showed better knowledge of several health behaviours.
conclusions : growing attention is being given to population risk reduction to combat the dramatic increase in the burden of disease due to dementia.
it is widely believed that language function tends to show little age-related performance decline.
indeed , some older individuals seem to use compensatory mechanisms to maintain a high level of performance when submitted to lexical tasks.
however , how these mechanisms affect cortical and subcortical activity during semantic and phonological processing has not been extensively explored.
therefore , in older individuals , the semantic and phonological routes seem to merge into a single pathway.
however , the mechanistic relationship between age-related meniscal degeneration and osteoarthritis ( oa ) development is not yet fully understood.
healthy aged tissue showed similar regional elasticity but with both unimodal and bimodal distributions that included higher elastic moduli.
in contrast , degenerated oa tissue showed the broadest distribution without prominent peaks indicative of substantially increased mechanical heterogeneity in the ecm.
afm analysis reveals distinct regional nanomechanical profiles that underlie aging-dependent tissue degeneration and oa.
comparison of these properties help to understand the relationship between healthy ageing , and age-dependent joint degeneration and osteoarthritis.
expansion of lateral cerebral ventricles is an indirect marker of adjacent brain tissue volume.
methods : one-hundred-fifteen participants free of hydrocephalus from the gait study ( mean , @number@.4±4.4years ; @percent@ female ) were included in this analysis.
stride time variability was measured at self-selected pace with a 10m electronic portable walkway ( gaitrite ) .
participants were separated into @number@ groups based on tertiles of stride time variability ( i.e. , < 2.0% ; @number@.0-2.8% ; > 2.8% ) .
brain ventricle sub-volumes were quantified from three-dimensional t1-weighted mri using semi-automated software.
they also had larger middle portions of ventricular bodies than those with the intermediate tertile ( p = 0.018 ) .
conclusions : higher stride time variability was associated with larger temporal horns in older community-dwellers.
addressing focal neuronal losses in temporal lobes may represent an important strategy to prevent gait instability.
conditions that render the selection of correct actions difficult require the monitoring of the execution and outcomes of one's own actions.
such performance monitoring abilities undergo maturational and aging-related changes across the lifespan.
this review highlights evidence for qualitative differences in behavior and physiological correlates of performance monitoring across the lifespan.
few developmental studies examine both stimulus-locked as well as response-locked components.
findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) studies that lend further support for the observed age differences in performance monitoring are also reviewed.
the hplc fraction from the extract that was most protective against oxytosis contained the alkaloid voacamine ( mw = 704.90 ) as the predominant compound.
purified voacamine was very protective at low doses in all of the assays ( ec50s≤3.4 µm ) .
our study identifies the alkaloid voacamine as a major compound in voacanga africana with potent neuroprotective activities in these assays.
the putative role and use of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) as replacement therapy for menopausal women has been under consideration during the latest years.
dhea is one of the main adrenal hormones that progressively reduces its plasmatic levels from the beginning of ageing.
this study investigated explicit knowledge of autobiographical memory functions using a newly developed questionnaire.
children were interviewed for personal memories concurrently with the memory function knowledge assessment and again @number@ months later.
children's endorsement of memory functions , particularly social functions , was associated with more detailed and personally meaningful memories.
potassium channels are one of the largest subfamilies of voltage sensitive channels and are among the most-studied of the voltage-gated ion channels.
alterations in glycosylation can also be acquired and appear to play a role in development and aging.
recent studies have focused on the impact of glycosylation and sialylation on ion channels , particularly for voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels.
the terminal step of sialylation often affects channel activation and inactivation kinetics.
skeletal muscle atrophy occurs during disuse and aging , or as a consequence of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to mediate muscle atrophy in many chronic diseases and to inhibit skeletal muscle regeneration.
we performed morphological and molecular analyses and demonstrated that local over-expression of the avp receptor v1a enhances regeneration of atrophic muscle.
purpose : a link between poor sleep quality and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has recently been suggested.
mean adas-cog did not differ between the groups.
sleep efficiency , as measured by the psqi , component @number@ was also better with prm ( p = 0.017 ) .
median adas-cog values ( @number@ versus @number@ points ) ( p = 0.045 ) were significantly better with prm.
differences were more significant at longer treatment duration.
prm was well tolerated , with an adverse event profile similar to that of placebo.
the results suggest a possible causal link between poor sleep and cognitive decline.
methods : @number@ mci underwent fbb positron emission tomography , mri and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and @number@ years and clinical follow-up at @number@ years.
amnestic mci ( amci ) was defined by a composite episodic memory ( em ) z-score of < -1.5.
results : at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) mci were fbb + .
majority reads agreed with suvr classification ( κ @number@ ) .
four fbb- developed non-ad dementia.
combinations did not improve accuracy.
while the strong baseline association between fbb suvr and em declined over @number@ years , the association between em and hv became stronger.
fbb suvr increased @number@.2% / year in fbb + with no change in fbb-.
conclusions : ( @number@ ) f-florbetaben aβ imaging facilitates accurate detection of prodromal ad.
trial registration number : nct01138111.
the role of rpl24 in human malignancies is unknown.
rpl24 knockdown also reduced 80s subunit levels relative to 40s and 60s levels.
furthermore , hdac6-selective inhibition or hdac6 knockdown induced ribosomal protein acetylation.
via mass spectrometry , we found that 60s-associated , but not , polysome-associated , rpl24 undergoes hdaci-induced acetylation on k27.
thus , rpl24 k27 acetylation may play a role in ribosome assembly.
these findings point toward a novel acetylation-dependent polysome assembly mechanism regulating tumorigenesis.
furthermore , greater arterial stiffness is a common characteristic of women who develop hypertensive complications of pregnancy.
the role of gender in this relationship is not fully understood.
adjusted cox proportional survival analysis was conducted.
the relative risk of usage among women in the pi group relative to controls was @number@
among men , the relative risk was @number@
women were @number@ times more likely to use mi medical services relative to men ( hr = 1.45 , ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
women in the pi cohort used mi medical services @number@ months earlier than pi males ( p = 0.0059 ) .
there was no significant interaction between gender and pi cohort.
unlabelled : this report describes the epidemiology , economic burden and treatment of osteoporosis in switzerland.
fragility fractures are associated with substantial pain and suffering , disability and even death for the affected patients and substantial costs to society.
furthermore , data on sales of osteoporosis treatments and the population at high risk of fracture were used to estimate treatment uptake and treatment gap.
the economic burden of incident and previous fragility fractures was estimated at chf @number@ million for the same year.
incident fractures represented @number@ % of this cost , long-term fracture care @number@ % and pharmacological prevention @number@ %.
previous and incident fractures also accounted for @number@ quality-adjusted life years ( qalys ) lost during @number@
when accounting for the demographic projections for @number@ the number of incident fractures was estimated at @number@ in @number@ representing an increase of @number@ fractures.
hip , clinical vertebral ( spine ) , forearm and other fractures were estimated to increase by @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the majority of women at high fracture risk do not receive active treatment.
purpose : genetic factors contribute to the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
results : cross-sectionally , each drusen feature was associated with a higher frequency of the cfh and arms2 risk variants.
after @number@ years , @number@ % of the eyes showed a progression of at least @number@ unit in the dss.
conclusions : variants in cfh , abca1 , and arms2 genes are related to the presence and progression of drusen in early amd.
this is a qualitative review of the evidence linking dietary fat composition to the risk of developing dementia.
dietary fat composition is an important factor in blood-brain barrier function and the blood cholesterol profile.
the studies that appropriately adjust for confounding by other fats support the dietary fat composition hypothesis.
sv patients showed also a strongly left-lateralized loss of hubs , and reduced nodal degree in the inferior and ventral temporal regions and occipital cortices.
natural products with anti-aging property have drawn great attention recently but examples of such compounds are exceedingly scarce.
tanshinones isolated from the plant including cryptotanshione , tanshinone i , and tanshinone iia , are the active components.
in addition , cryptotanshinone significantly increases the lifespan of sod2-deleted mutants.
during a median of @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ cases of incident af occurred.
this longitudinal study analysed 25 ( oh ) d and the risk of cognitive decline among non-demented older adults.
after an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants had repeated cogtel testing and were eligible for analysis.
linear regression models were used to assess longitudinal associations between 25 ( oh ) d levels and cognitive function.
possible practice effects of repeated cognitive testing were addressed with the reliable change index.
hur promotes myogenesis by stabilizing the myod , myogenin and p21 mrnas during the fusion of muscle cells to form myotubes.
depletion of hur stabilizes the npm mrna , increases npm protein levels and inhibits myogenesis , while its overexpression elicits the opposite effects.
npm mrna destabilization involves the association of hur with the decay factor ksrp as well as the ribonuclease parn and the exosome.
thirty-one ( hc = @number@ mci = @number@ ) underwent β-amyloid positron emission tomography ( pet ) and magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging.
fourteen participants ( hc = @number@ mci = @number@ ) underwent one imaging modality.
results : unlike psm , abm differentiated between diagnostic categories but did not relate to ad biomarkers.
personal semantic memory was related to neocortical β-amyloid burden after adjusting for age and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ɛ4.
autonoetic consciousness was not associated with ad biomarkers , and was not impaired in mci.
episodic and semantic abm impairment represent an important ad prodrome.
dance holds a promise as a culturally appropriate form of pa that challenges individuals physically and cognitively.
bailamos is a 4-month program that meets two times per week for one 1h per session.
dance sessions focus on instruction , including four styles of dance , and couples dancing.
bi-monthly fiestas de baile ( dance parties ) are also included , in which participants dance and practice what they have learned.
monthly 1-hour discussion sessions utilize a social cognitive framework and focus on knowledge , social support , and self-efficacy to increase lifestyle pa.
the health education control group will meet one time per week for two 2h per session.
however , the molecular mechanisms of its activity remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation.
this study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammation and tumor preventing capacity of betaine on colitis-associated cancer in mice.
administration with betaine significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation with downregulation of inflammation.
treatment with betaine inhibited ros generation and gssg concentration in colonic mucosa.
based on the qpcr data , administration of betaine inhibited inflammatory cytokines such tnf-α , il-6 , inos and cox-2.
in in vitro experiments , lps-induced nf-κb and inflammatory-related cytokines were inhibited by betaine treatment in raw @number@ murine macrophage cells.
our findings suggest that betaine is one of the candidates for the prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
all articles were reviewed to identify those reporting variables of interest.
we therefore hypothesize that using cell phones contributes to the psychological well-being of older adults primarily through encouraging social relationships.
results are based on ordinary least squares regression analyses.
in contrast , the protective effects of using cell phones persisted among women , even net of all controls.
researchers and policy makers should prioritize access to new technologies for older adults.
prevalence , characteristics and outcome of acute chest pain patients with causes other than ami and elevated copeptin are poorly understood.
the final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists.
median duration of follow-up was @number@ days.
results : elevated copeptin levels were seen in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
the increased mortality rate seemed to be largely explained by age and comorbidities.
background : age-related differences in standing balance are not detected by testing the ability to maintain balance.
quality of standing balance might be more sensitive to detect age-related differences.
linear regression analysis was used to detect age-related differences in single cop parameters and composite scores - adjusted for gender , height and weight.
age-related differences were demonstrated for cop composite scores in ap direction ( tandem eyes open ; semi-tandem eyes closed ; p < @number@ ) .
cop composite scores in ml direction were consistently higher for all standing conditions in old compared to young participants ( p < @number@ ) .
correlation between mthfr genotypes and lipids was then evaluated.
these differences did not however remain through further subdivision by hyperlipidemia and normolipidemia.
background : onabotulinumtoxin a has been used for many years in the aging face treatment.
a survey was organized to identify current practices in france.
from conference summaries and data from a questionnaire , consensual recommendations were developed.
for the consensus participants , current onabotulinumtoxin a use is a global preventive and corrective treatment.
these fragments promote the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) that further aggravate the damage to the ground substance and add to fragment accumulation.
thus , a multifaceted approach is introduced with presentation of a unique product formulation based on these research principles.
introduction : innovation in technology has resulted in the emergence of better , longer-lasting hyaluronic acid implants with fewer side effects.
the new dermal implant uma jeunesse® was compared to juvéderm® in this split-face study.
methods : uma jeunesse® is crosslinked with butanediol diglycidyl ether ( bdde ) using a new crosslinking technology.
uma jeunesse® and juvéderm® ultra @number@ were injected in a split-face study on @number@ healthy volunteers , whose ages ranged from 33-58 years.
there were @number@ women and three men with medium to deep nasolabial folds.
all subjects randomly received either uma jeunesse® or juvéderm® ) ultra @number@ on one half of their face.
patients were followed up for @number@ months.
overall rate of early and late complications as well as adverse events was lower with uma jeunesse® than juvéderm ( ® ) .
patient acceptability rate of uma jeunesse® was also much higher.
perception of pain during injection was lesser with juvéderm® probably because of the presence of lidocaine.
background : retinaldehyde ( ral ) was proven effective in treating photodamaged skin.
topical treatments with specific intermediate-size hyaluronate fragments ( hafi , 50-400 kda ) have been shown to stimulate keratinocytes proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia.
the aim of this open , multicentric , international study was to assess the efficacy of the combination ral-hafi in the correction of skin photoaging.
overall photoaging severity was evaluated in the three groups by the dermatologists at d0 , d30 , and d90 based on the larnier's scale.
wrinkles and / or furrows and clinical signs of aging were evaluated using a 4-point scale.
the skin microrelief of the crow's feet , evaluated by optical profilometry , was performed in subjects from group @number@
results : the 3-month application significantly improved overall photoaging through decrease of the larnier's score in the three groups ( p < 0.001 ) .
results were confirmed using an optical profilometry technique.
products were very well tolerated.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers are frequently used for the correction of facial soft tissue defects.
patients / methods : a split-face , randomized and evaluator-blinded comparison study.
subjects were randomized to receive injection of ha ( e ) or ha ( p ) on their left or right nlf.
efficacy was evaluated based on the change in wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) from baseline.
local tolerability was assessed based on subject diary during the first @number@ weeks after injection.
adverse events were also evaluated.
similar volume of both products was injected at baseline and touch-up.
both fillers were well tolerated , with similar worst score distribution and mean score for erythema , edema / swelling , bruising , and pruritus.
significantly less severe pain / tenderness was reported with ha ( e ) than with ha ( p ) ( p < 0.05 ) .
results : subjects exposed to essential lavender oil showed a significant reduction in hr after the injection as compared to the pre-injection hr.
subjects exposed to the placebo did not show any significant difference in bp or hr between pre-injection and postinjection.
lavender aromatherapy has the potential to ease anxiety in patients undergoing minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures.
objectives to evaluate the efficacy of and patient satisfaction with abobotulinumtoxina injections.
methods : retrospective , two-phase study of @number@ patients treated with abobotulinumtoxina for dynamic facial rhytid reduction over an 8-month period.
data were gathered using chart review and patient follow-up.
of patients with a history of onabotulinumtoxina injections ( @percent@ in phase i and @percent@ in phase ii ) , the majority preferred onabotulinumtoxina.
a similar percentage in each group reported overall satisfaction with abobotulinumtoxina ( @percent@ in phase i and @percent@ in phase ii ) .
conclusion : although generally satisfied with abobotulinumtoxina , when given a choice between abobotulinumtoxina and onabotulinumtoxina , the majority of patients favored the latter.
this preference remained even after the dilution of abobotulinumtoxina was decreased.
cellular stress increases progressively with aging in mammalian tissues.
chronic stress triggers several signaling cascades that can induce a condition called cellular senescence.
recent studies have demonstrated that senescent cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
there is substantial evidence for the presence of oxidative , proteotoxic and metabolic stresses in aging brain.
a low-level , chronic inflammatory process is also present in brain during aging.
all of these observations indicate that astrocytes are capable of triggering the sasp and the astrocytes in aging brain display typical characteristics of cellular senescence.
we will review the astroglial changes occurring during aging and emphasize that senescent astrocytes can have an important role in age-related neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration.
objectives : to identify predictors of extraordinary survival.
design : longitudinal study of a cohort of elderly people followed up until almost all have died.
setting : two counties in iowa ; a part of the established populations for epidemiologic study of the elderly.
participants : two thousand eight hundred ninety community-dwelling citizens aged @number@ to @number@ at baseline and surviving at least @number@ years.
extraordinary survivors ( ess ) were defined to include approximately @percent@ of the longest survivors in their sex group.
results : the @number@ ess were far more likely never to have smoked.
in multivariable models , attitude toward life was not an independent predictor.
conclusion : ess had fewer \ "classical \ " risk factors and were in better health than their contemporaneous controls.
possibly genetic factors such as parental longevity and birth order appear to be less predictive in men than in women.
objectives : to categorize the health problems of older russians and identify the number of frail older adults using different approaches.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : the kolpino district of st. petersburg.
problems with hearing ( @percent@ ) , vision ( @percent@ ) , and incontinence ( @percent@ ) were highly prevalent.
the prevalence of frailty assessed using different models varied from @percent@ to @percent@.
the fried model revealed the strongest associations with the frailty outcomes ( dependence and performance ) .
conclusion : the findings emphasize the need for attention and resources to be shifted from disease-oriented to functional approaches in the older russian population.
the population studied is consistent with the fried model , in which one in five older adults can be labeled as frail.
objective : to examine evolving patterns of depression diagnosis and treatment in older u.s. adults in the era of newer-generation antidepressants.
design : trend analysis using data from the medicare current beneficiary survey , a nationally representative survey of medicare enrollees , from @number@ to @number@
setting : community , usual care.
participants : older medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries.
measurements : depression diagnoses and psychotherapy use identified from medicare claims ; antidepressant use identified from detailed medication inventories conducted by interviewers.
of those diagnosed , the proportion receiving antidepressants increased from @percent@ to @percent@ , whereas the proportion receiving psychotherapy declined from @percent@ to @percent@.
conclusion : overall diagnosis and treatment rates increased over time.
antidepressants are assuming a more-prominent and psychotherapy a less-prominent role.
these shifts are most pronounced in groups with less-severe depression , in whom evidence of efficacy of treatment with antidepressants alone is less clear.
design : cross-sectional cohort study.
participants : two thousand forty-nine well-functioning adults ( mean age @number@ @percent@ black ) .
measurements : pure-tone audiometry measurement and history of clinical cvd were obtained at the fourth annual follow-up visit.
cvd risk factors , aortic pulse-wave velocity ( pwv ) , and ankle-arm index ( aai ) were obtained at study baseline.
in women , poor hearing sensitivity was associated with high body mass index , high resting heart rate , fast pwv , and low aai.
conclusion : modifiable risk factors for cvd may play a role in the development of age-related hearing loss.
objectives : to compare rates of medication errors committed by assisted living staff with different training and to examine characteristics of errors.
design : observation of medication preparation and passes , chart review , interviews , and questionnaires.
measurements : rates of errors related to medication , dose and form , preparation , route , and timing.
results : medication preparation and administration were observed for @number@ administrations during @number@ passes for @number@ residents.
the error rate was @percent@ ( @percent@ when omitting timing errors ) .
of all administrations , @percent@ were errors with moderate or high potential for harm.
a review of state regulations found that @number@ states restrict nonnurses to assisting with self-administration of medications.
consequently , all staff who handle medications should be trained to the level of a medication aide.
objectives : to investigate dual-task performance of gait and cognition in cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired older adults using a motor-cognition dual-task paradigm.
design : cross-sectional retrospective study.
setting : the basel memory clinic and the basel study on the elderly ( project basel ) .
participants : seven hundred eleven older adults ( mean age @number@.2±6.2 , @number@ ( @percent@ ) female and @number@ ( @percent@ ) male ) .
gait was assessed using the gaitrite electronic walkway system.
cognitive impairment was defined as a score less than @number@ on the mini-mental state examination.
cognitively impaired individuals generally have poorer baseline performance and greater dual task-related gait velocity reduction than those who are cognitively healthy.
future research should include different conditions for gait to determine adaptive potentials of older adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : a 900-bed teaching hospital in israel.
participants : three hundred fifty-two acute medical patients aged @number@ and older who were continent before admission.
the development of new ui was defined as participant report of inability to control voiding at discharge.
sixty ( @percent@ ) participants developed new ui at discharge.
conclusion : the use of adult diapers and ucs during acute hospitalization is associated with the development of new ui at discharge.
the management of continence in hospitalized older adults requires more diligence , and further investigation is needed to devise continence promotion methods in hospital settings.
objectives : to examine agreement between older persons and their surrogates regarding participation in advance care planning ( acp ) .
design : observational cohort study.
setting : community.
participants : persons aged @number@ and older and the individual they identified as most likely to make treatment decisions on their behalf.
surrogates were asked whether they believed the older person had completed these activities.
objectives : to evaluate studies that have assessed the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) supplementation on body composition and physical performance in older adults.
setting : not applicable.
participants : adults aged @number@ and older.
interventions : oral dhea supplement with or without concomitant exercise.
measurements : muscle strength , physical function , and physical performance.
results : of the @number@ eligible studies , eight ( n = 661 participants ) met inclusion criteria.
the studies differed in their included populations , duration of follow-up , and interventions ( e.g. , exercise ) .
seven studies examined measures of muscle strength.
nevertheless , similar numbers of studies had negative results for each of these endpoints.
five studies examined measures of physical function and performance.
conclusion : overall , the benefit of dhea on muscle strength and physical function in older adults remains inconclusive.
some measures of muscle strength may improve , although consensus was not reached.
dhea does not appear to routinely benefit measures of physical function or performance.
further large clinical trials are necessary to better identify the clinical role of dhea supplementation in this population.
objectives : to examine the relationship between gait speed and falls risk.
design : longitudinal analysis of the association between gait speed and subsequent falls and analysis of gait speed decline as a predictor of future falls.
setting : population-based cohort study.
etiology of otitis media with effusion ( ome ) is still unclear and often described as multi-factorial.
it is very usual finding in cleft palate population.
characteristics of hearing loss level and its improvement , in uclp children depend of cleft type , ear side and age group.
adversity early in life may alter pathways of aging , but what interpretive processes can soften the blow of early insults ?
drawing from cumulative inequality theory , the authors analyze trajectories of life evaluations and then consider whether early adversity offsets favorable expectations for the future.
results reveal that early adversity contributes to more negative views of the past but rising expectations for the future.
early adversity also has enduring effects on life evaluations , offsetting the influence of buoyant expectations.
the findings draw attention to the limits of human agency under the constraints of early adversity-a process described as biographical structuration.
significant changes in the voice occur after the age of @number@ years.
changes in the structure of the vocal fold ( vf ) can interfere with the voice.
larynges were obtained from eight embalmed cadavers aged 72-98 years.
the middle portion of each vocal fold was removed and placed in @percent@ buffered formalin.
tissue blocks were then processed and embedded in wax.
numerous cross-sectioned blood vessels were seen in the lamina propria near the free edge , and near the superior and inferior surfaces of the vf.
the presence of lymphatic vessels was confirmed in the vf of elderly subjects.
there was a notable scarcity of elastic fibers in the superficial layer of the lp.
lymphatics were seen and were orientated differently in the geriatric vocal folds.
objectives / hypothesis : verbal fluency deteriorates with normal aging , but is much more severe in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the mean ddk rate was lower with increased severity of the disease , and was much more severe in patients with moderate ad.
conclusions : clinical discrimination of the early stages of ad and mci is challenging.
unfortunately , there are no laboratory markers present for the diagnosis of preclinical cases of ad.
with the results of this study , the assessments of verbal reaction time may helpful for diagnosis of early ad.
adp ribosylation factor gtpase-activating protein @number@ ( arfgap3 ) is a gtpase-activating protein that associates with the golgi apparatus and regulates the vesicular trafficking pathway.
in the present study , we examined the contribution of arfgap3 to prostate cancer cell biology.
we found that arfgap3 interacted with paxillin , a focal adhesion adaptor protein that is important for cell mobility and migration.
small interfering rna ( sirna ) -mediated knockdown of arfgap3 showed that arfgap3 sirna markedly reduced lncap cell growth.
thus , our results suggest that arfgap3 is a novel androgen-regulated gene that can promote prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration in collaboration with paxillin.
there are no currently food and drug administration-approved or proven off-label treatments for the frontotemporal dementias ( ftd ) .
success is \ "hit or miss \ " and the lessons learned are largely anecdotal to date.
the role of the caregiver in tracking and reporting of symptoms and the effects of individual therapeutic interventions is pivotal in this process.
ad is not a singular , homogeneous disease , but rather a final common pathway or end-point that can be arrived at through multiple routes.
data are provided evidencing significantly high conversion rates from these pre-ad stages to actual ad.
depression is defined as a cognitive syndrome and risk factor for ad requiring aggressive targeted intervention.
ad does not just come suddenly out of nowhere.
a primary strategy proposed is to delay onset of ad.
first intervention at time of diagnosis of ad is too late , when by definition , final conversion to ad has already occurred.
when we have knowledge to successfully intervene earlier , why would we not want to do so.
cell division is closely related to telomerase activity ( htert mrna ) .
lower expression of lymphocitic htert mrna may easily cause cell aging , which is not beneficial to maintaining a durable lymphocyte division.
we quantitatively detected htert mrna from study subjects and made each htert mrna normalized ( nhtert mrna ) .
moreover , the mean nhtert mrna in subgroup with hbeag loss was significantly higher than that in subgroup without.
nhtert mrna was markedly correlated with cd3 ( + ) t lymphocyte count and cd4 ( + ) / cd8 ( + ) ratio.
the results showed that ifnα therapy could upregulate the expression of htert mrna in pbmcs.
voltage-gated calcium currents and potassium currents were shown to undergo developmental changes in postnatal human and animal cardiomocytes.
however , so far , there is no evidence whether sodium currents also presented the developmental changes in postnatal human atrial cells.
the aim of this study was to observe age-related changes of sodium currents between pediatric and adult atrial myocytes.
human atrial myocytes were acutely isolated and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record sodium currents isolated from pediatric and adult atrial cardiomocytes.
the peak amplitude of sodium currents recorded in adult atrial cells was significantly larger than that in pediatric atrial myocytes.
however , there was no significant difference of the activation voltage for peak sodium currents between two kinds of atrial myocytes.
the time constants for the activation and inactivation of sodium currents were smaller in adult atria than pediatric atria.
the further study revealed that the voltage-dependent inactivation of sodium currents were more slow in adult atrial cardiomyocytes than pediatric atrial cells.
a significant difference was also observed in the recovery process of sodium channel from inactivation.
as people age and live for longer they are more likely to develop comorbid conditions including chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
dialysis is also an arduous therapy known to shorten life.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a leading cause of blindness in the western world.
the retina is highly susceptible to photochemical damage from continuous exposure of light and oxygen.
epidemiologic evidence indicates a trend toward association between severity of light exposure and amd.
in this review , we discuss type @number@ and type @number@ photochemical damage that occurs in response to uv exposure.
we examine the impact of different doses of exposure to uv radiation and the subsequent production of oxidative stress in amd.
local and systemic protective mechanisms of the retina including antioxidant enzymes and macular pigments are reviewed.
results : estimated gfrscr was similar by hiv serostatus , but egfrcysc was lower in hiv-infected men.
in hiv-infected individuals without ckd , egfrscr was higher than egfrcysc , whereas it was lower than egfrcysc in persons with ckd.
in hiv-infected men , older age , proteinuria , and prior clinical aids were inversely associated with both gfr estimates.
higher serum albumin levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor / angiotensin receptor blocker use were associated with lower egfrscr.
hiv viral load , hepatitis c coinfection , and serum alkaline phosphatase were inversely associated with egfrcysc.
conclusion : among hiv-uninfected and hiv-infected men of similar social risk behaviors , gfr estimates differed by biomarker and kidney function level.
estimated gfrcysc classified a larger proportion of hiv-infected men with ckd compared with egfrscr.
the objective of the present article is to clarify the various uncertainties relating to the use of antioxidant substances in dermatology.
the most suitable method is the consumption of natural antioxidants in the form of fruit and vegetables , for example.
objective : to examine the effects of electronic health information technology ( hit ) on nursing home residents.
residents ' subjective assessment of the hit intervention were generally positive.
discussion : the absence of effects on most indicators is encouraging for the future development of hit in nursing homes.
the single negative finding suggests that further investigation is needed on possible impact on resident behavior.
background : motor practice is an important component of neurorehabilitation.
imaging studies in healthy individuals show that dynamic brain activation changes with practice.
defining patterns of functional brain plasticity associated with motor practice following stroke could guide rehabilitation.
methods : they studied @number@ patients at least @number@ months after left-hemisphere subcortical strokes and @number@ healthy controls.
in these regions , healthy controls showed decreases and patients showed increases in activity with practice.
some regions of interest had a loss of white matter connectivity at baseline.
method : thirty older adults with snhl participated.
each test was presented via the telephone with and without processing.
results : significant improvements in recognition performance due to processing were observed for the spin and qsin.
conclusions : results indicate that preprocessing the acoustic signal is a viable method of improving speech recognition via the telephone.
the algorithm has the potential to benefit older adults with snhl who struggle to communicate via the telephone with or without hearing aids.
evidence acquisition : the medical literature from @number@ to @date@ was reviewed for key articles.
design and setting : studies were performed in the clinical research center of an academic medical center.
subjects : subjects included healthy pmw , 45-55 ( n = @number@ ) and 70-80 ( n = @number@ ) years old.
main outcome measures : pulsatile secretion of free α-subunit ( fas ) , a marker of gnrh secretion , was assessed.
conclusions : sleep is associated with a significant decline in gnrh pulse frequency in both older and younger pmw.
its persistence in pmw reinforces the important connection between sleep and gnrh secretion.
background : taking into account our rapidly ageing population , older people are of particular interest in studying health inequalities.
baseline data were collected between @date@ and @date@ and respondents were followed until @date@ ( follow-up range : 0-5 years ) .
results : low educational level was associated with poor initial physical and mental functioning.
however , no further widening of these gradients was found during follow-up.
further research is recommended to explore the amenability to change of characteristics that hamper people from taking control over their lives.
there are multiple genetic links between schizophrenia and a deficit of proline dehydrogenase ( prodh ) enzyme activity.
however , reports testing for an association of schizophrenia with the resulting proline elevation have been conflicting.
as secondary analyses , the relationship between hyperprolinemia and five measures of clinical onset , symptoms and outcome were investigated.
hyperprolinemic patients were significantly older at their first hospitalization ( p = 0.015 following correction for multiple testing ) .
mild to moderate hyperprolinemia is a significant risk factor for schizophrenia , and may represent an intermediate phenotype in the disease.
hyperprolinemic patients have a significantly later age of first psychiatric hospitalization , suggestive of later onset , and hospital stays @percent@ longer than non-hyperprolinemic subjects.
these findings have implications in the etiology of schizophrenia , and for the clinical management of these patients.
adrenomedullin ( am ) is a novel hypotensive peptide that exerts a variety of strongly protective effects against multiorgan damage.
ramps are required for the surface delivery of clr and the determination of its phenotype.
clr / ramp2 ( am₁ receptor ) is more highly am-specific than clr / ramp3 ( am₂ receptor ) .
however , am₂ receptors reportedly play an important role in maintaining a normal body weight in old age and may be involved in immune function.
maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is a major challenge for cells , particularly as they begin to age.
we document here the strategies currently developed to transfer dna of interest into mitochondria.
in further approaches , whole mitochondria have been transferred into recipient cells.
repair failure or error-prone repair leads to mutations which potentially could be rescued by allotopic expression of proteins.
the relevance of the different approaches for the analysis of mitochondrial dna repair mechanisms and of aging is discussed.
background and objective : with the aging of the population , the incidence of lung cancer in elderly rises.
it showed that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in people over @number@ years were increased in the past @number@ years.
we defined age @number@ as boundary line of the elderly patients in lung cancer.
the aim of this study is to analyze the factors of affecting prognosis.
results : in univariate analysis , symptoms , stage , effusion , surgery , chemotherapy and chemotherapy cycles showed affecting prognosis significantly.
conclusion : elderly lung cancer patients could be benefit from surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy while early stage.
at late stage , their survival time may be prolonged when receive chemotherapy at least @number@ cycles.
single-agent chemotherapy would be a good choice for elderly lung cancer.
effusion , particularly , pericardial effusion significantly influenced the prognosis , so that it should be effectively controlled.
key informants were interviewed by telephone to obtain qualitative data through standardized open-ended questions.
the key informants ( n = 35 ) were randomly selected nutrition managers of ontario ltc homes.
selected registered dietitians from the ontario long-term care action group also participated ( n = 5 ) .
descriptive thematic analysis was completed on data provided.
in terms of ministry standards , participants reported barriers to complying with rotation and portion standards.
other common obstacles within ltc homes include accommodating personal preferences , cultural preferences , and therapeutic diets.
ontario ltc homes face numerous challenges in the planning of menus for residents , regardless of a home's size , location , or profit status.
few studies concerning their expression , distribution and role in normal and pathological human thymus are available in the literature.
overall , these data suggest that pdgf and pdgfr-α may be involved in the pathophysiology of the human thymus.
active lifestyles might protect cognitive abilities ; however , studies rarely consider the reverse causal direction.
activity-cognition associations might reflect stable intelligence differences rather than a protective effect of activity.
the lothian birth cohort @number@ ( n = @number@ ) completed cognitive tests aged @number@ having taken an intelligence test aged @number@
when age-11 iq and adult social class were controlled , only physical activity remained significantly associated with general cognitive ability and processing speed.
objective : to investigate whether advanced paternal age is related to an increased risk of schizophrenia in chinese han population.
methods : a case-control design study was performed.
three hundred and fifty-one patients with schizophrenia and @number@ unrelated healthy volunteers were recruited.
by using logistic regression , paternal age was divided into five categories , and maternal age into four categories.
the participant's sex , age and parental age at birth were used as covariants for adjusting confounding effects.
the advanced maternal age had no significant effects on the risk for schizophrenia in offspring.
conclusion : the advanced paternal age was associated with elevated risk for schizophrenia in offspring among a han chinese population.
putative biological mechanisms may include accumulated de novo mutations and alterations in epigenetic regulations with aging in spermatogenesis.
objectives : elderly service work is a labor intensive and emotion demanding occupation.
workers in this field are prone to burnout , a form of emotional exhaustion at work.
holistic care culture ( hcc ) was proposed as an organizational culture of holistic caring.
this study explored the role of hcc in predicting job well-being and moderating the impact of perceived stress on job well-being.
participants completed a standardized self-report questionnaire.
hcc showed significant moderating on the relationship between perceived stress and job well-being in expected directions.
the model explained @percent@ and @percent@ of variance in burnout and engagement.
conclusion : findings from this study provides supportive evidence for hcc as a moderator to ameliorate burnout and facilitate engagement among elderly service workers.
further studies of rigorous design on hcc are recommended.
implication of this study for organizational practice was discussed.
osteoporosis and obesity are important public health problems in an aging society.
we investigated the differential impacts of fat on bone mineral density ( bmd ) according to gender and menopausal status.
body composition and fat mass were measured using computed tomography and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) .
bmd was measured at lumbar spines using dxa.
in men and postmenopausal women , there was no significant correlation between fat and bone parameters after adjusting for age and body weight.
multiple linear regression analysis showed that percentage fat mass was a significant negative decisive factor for bmd in premenopausal women.
our study showed the differential relationship between fat mass and bmd according to gender and menopausal status.
only in premenopausal women did fat mass have a significant negative effect on bone mass.
this result suggests the importance of reducing fat mass in order to achieve peak bone mass in young adult women.
the main aim of this chapter is to review preclinical studies that have evaluated interventions which may aid in preventing or delaying age-related behavioural decline.
the ee paradigm has been proposed as a non-invasive treatment for alleviating age-related memory impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.
we will summarize available data relating to ee as a potential therapeutic strategy that slows down or counteracts age-related cognitive and behavioural changes.
ee also alters physiological responses and induces neurobiological changes such as stimulation of neurogenesis and neural plasticity.
at the behavioural level , ee improves learning and memory tasks and reduces anxiety.
in the present chapter we review the potential benefits of ee in aged rodents and in animal models of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
background : mammographic breast arterial calcifications ( bacs ) are regarded as aging-related benign changes in breast cancer screening practices.
bacs have recently attracted attention , because several researchers proposed using them as a surrogate marker of arteriosclerosis or osteoporosis.
no studies have thus far evaluated an association between bacs and breast cancer , however.
the analysis by age revealed that the differences in this parameter between the two groups were significant in women aged @number@ years or older.
multivariate analysis including demographic characteristics revealed that when adjusted for age and body weight , bac positivity was a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
conclusion : the study results suggest that bac positivity and , in turn , arteriosclerosis may have an antinomic relationship with breast cancer.
the role of the clstn2 ( rs6439886 ) and kibra ( rs17070145 ) snps in cognitive impairment was analysed in a 75-76 years old group.
various memory assessment tests were carried out on individuals at baseline and during follow-up investigations , and biallelic genotyping was performed.
no influence of the allele status of either snps was observed on any memory test.
no increased risk of any type of late development , and cognitive impairment was associated with rs6439886 or rs17070145.
we studied morbidity , polypharmacy , cellular and serological inflammatory parameters , and endocrine mediators.
furthermore , we noted an increase in the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and dehydroepiandrosterone in the long-term training group.
we concluded that long-term exercise training from adulthood to old age is clearly associated with a healthy profile of emergent geriatric biomarkers.
long-term training could improve the inflammatory-endocrine imbalance associated with disease , frailty , functional decline , and mortality in elderly men.
our results point to the benefits of prolonged exercise from adulthood to old age.
three methods for age estimation have been designated as the most reliable among the others : greulich and pyle , demirjian and mincer.
the literature provides several studies concerning their applicability in different geographic contexts.
however , not always can ancestry be ascertained , for example , in the case of badly preserved corpses.
in these cases , age assessment must be performed without the corrections suggested by the literature for different ethnic groups.
one may therefore wonder how reliable the result of age assessment performed without knowing the racial group to which the subject belongs may be.
materials and methods : x-ray films of @number@ subjects aged between @number@ and @number@ years from more than @number@ countries were recruited.
the skeletal maturation of @number@ subjects aged between @number@ and @number@ years was determined by the greulich and pyle method.
results : the lowest average variance from chronological age was shown by the greulich and pyle method , followed by demirjian.
the mincer method showed very high mean variances.
the role of aluminum ( al ) in alzheimer disease is highly controversial.
however , this element has been detected in neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in patients with alzheimer disease.
its presence in neuritic plaques in hippocampus is especially relevant , as this is an area closely related to spatial learning and memory.
general neurotoxic al effects were evaluated using a functional observational battery and a novel object recognition task.
four experimental groups were used : control-wild , al-wild , control-tg , and al-tg mice.
neither al treatment nor genotype had any noticeable effect on corticosterone levels and al concentrations in frontal cortex and cerebellum of the mice.
recognition memory was impaired in tg2576 mice , whereas β-amyloid plaque depositions were observed in all these animals.
however , al did not alter the recognition memory and β-amyloid plaque loads of tg2576 mice.
the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) screen was developed as a brief instrument to identify mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older individuals.
the present study examined performances on the moca among @number@ non-clinical older adults ( ages 51-85 ) enrolled in a prospective study of cognitive aging.
in contrast , total brain volume correlated significantly with total score on the rbans.
these results suggest that additional studies are needed to define the significance of moca scores relative to brain integrity among an older population.
this interesting pathogenetic constellation targets the rb and p53 tumor suppressor pathways in tandem , while simultaneously activating oncogenic wnt signaling.
ectopic expression of wif1 in glioblastoma cell lines revealed a dose-dependent decrease of wnt pathway activity.
furthermore , wif1 expression inhibited cell proliferation in vitro , reduced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar , and completely abolished tumorigenicity in vivo.
interestingly , wif1 overexpression in glioblastoma cells induced a senescence-like phenotype that was dose dependent.
these results provide evidence that wif1 has tumor suppressing properties.
design and methods : the present study used a cross-sectional design.
per-month beneficiary expenditures ranged from $ 755 to $ 1 , 778.
the average florida nh had @number@ beds , and @percent@ of its residents were classified as low-care.
implications : the findings suggest that medicaid hcbs waiver programs may reduce the prevalence of low-care residents in nhs.
future studies should evaluate whether medicaid hcbs waiver programs are effective in promoting community-living among low-care residents and mitigating the growth in long-term care expenditures.
hypertensive nephrosclerosis is mildly symptomatic , but the prognosis is never benign , due to cardiovascular and renal burden.
the very high prevalence of hypertensive nephrosclerosis in populations from african ancestry has suggested a genetic predisposition.
the treatment is mainly based on blocking the renin angiotensin system , especially when proteinuria is present.
background : haematological abnormalities are important to detect.
in older adults there are few data that inform about normal ranges and the change in blood cell counts with ageing.
these few data indicate that sex differences in blood cell counts persist beyond @number@ years.
methods : the sample comprised lothian birth cohort @number@ ( lbc1921 ) participants seen at a mean of about @number@ and @number@ years of age.
full blood count was measured on each occasion.
also recorded were weight , smoking status , years of full-time education , and main occupation , serum b12 , folate and creatinine.
worsening renal function was associated with a decrease in mean red cell count.
our brain operates by the way of interconnected networks.
yet the neurobiological mechanisms contributing to the development of functional and structural brain connections remain to be poorly understood.
results suggest that sex hormones organize structural connections , and activate the brain areas they connect.
these processes could underlie a better integration of structural and functional communication between brain regions with age.
background : axis reactivity ( hpa ar ) is the key indicator of the psychophysiological response to stress.
the hpa ar may vary with age and gender.
results : a dose-dependent response was observed in young adult participants , but not in elderly participants.
no differences were observed for gender.
conclusions : results point to diminished hpa axis sensitivity as an effect of normal aging , irrespective of gender.
hiv-1-infected monocyte-macrophages traverse the bbb and enter the cns throughout the course of hiv-1 disease.
once in the brain , both free virus and virus-infected cells are able to infect neighboring resident microglia and astrocytes and possibly other cell types.
the pathological end point of these interactions may facilitate a positive feedback loop resulting in increased penetration of hiv into the cns.
this article describes the range of cancer patients in longterm care and provides a framework for clinical decision making.
the benefits and burdens of providing standard therapy to a vulnerable population are discussed.
the aging population with intellectual and developmental disabilities ( i / dd ) deserves appropriate health care and social support.
this population poses unique medical and social challenges to the multidisciplinary team that provides care.
in the past , long-term care ( ltc ) facilities played an essential role in the livelihood of this population.
the likelihood that the geriatric ltc system must prepare for adequately caring for this population is high.
seventy percent of people in the united states who have dementia die in the nursing home.
pneumonia in the long-term resident is common.
it is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
however , diagnosis and management of pneumonia in long-term care residents is challenging.
this article provides an overview of the epidemiology , pathophysiology , diagnostic challenges , and management recommendations for pneumonia in this setting.
in @number@ approximately @number@ million women were receiving hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) for alleviation of menopausal symptoms.
a number of prior animal studies suggested that hrt may be neuroprotective and cardioprotective.
a second branch of the whi in women with prior hysterectomy found an even stronger correlation between estrogen supplementation alone and stroke incidence.
aging is a well-known risk factor associated with oral diseases.
oral examination was conducted by eight dentists trained in the world health organization ( who ) recommended examination procedure.
the chi-square test , multiple regression analyses and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using sas @number@
however , the odds ratios of periodontal health did not significantly differ across 5-year interval age groups.
to test this hypothesis , we investigated the response latency to yes-no questions pertaining to familiar and unfamiliar objects in 3- to 6-year-olds.
the 3-year-olds exhibited a strong yes bias for both objects , and their response latency was significantly shorter than that of the 6-year-olds.
overall , children's response bias scores were stronger for familiar objects than for unfamiliar objects.
the results suggest that 3-year-olds exhibit a yes bias automatically , but 5- and 6-year-olds are sensitive to question context.
the phylogenetic order of cerebral myelination helped to further explain the intersubject variability in gm thickness.
hippocampal ( hc ) and amygdala ( ag ) variability throughout asymptomatic adulthood have not been often characterized.
the prevailing assumption is that hc / ag variability is small in young adults , and widens with advancing age and pathology.
more recent studies with samples at every decade have reported conflicting results.
our goal was to perform a precise investigation of the effects of age , sex and hemisphere on hc / ag volumes throughout aging.
subjects - we included @number@ subjects from the italian brain normative archive database.
subjects ranged in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
data - manual segmentation was performed on @number@ individuals for the hc , and @number@ for the ag , using the pruessner protocol.
there were no significant differences in variability across age strata.
this study lends credence to counter-intuitive notions regarding hc / ag neurodegeneration.
methods and design : a retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken.
baseline clinical and non-invasive cardiac and respiratory investigations were obtained from @number@ dm1 patients , who were regularly re-examined.
primary end-points were occurrence of cardiac events ( pacemaker implantation or tachyarrhythmia ) or death.
probability of an event was calculated using the kaplan-meier method , while contributing factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate ( cox model ) analyses.
results : cardiac events occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
multivariate analysis indicated that age , rld , ecg conduction defects , holter arrhythmia and lvef remained independent predictors.
advancing age , distal or proximal weakness and rld characterized all non-survivors ( n = 14 ) .
addition of these criteria should modulate time intervals for patient follow-up examinations.
in young patients with normal baseline investigations , screening investigations every @number@ or @number@ years seem to be sufficient.
imaging diagnostics ( ultrasound or ct ) , when considered alone , are also of little use for the purpose of clarifying thyroid gland function.
after a couple of weeks of treatment with levothyroxine and liothyronine , there were clinical and laboratory evidences of an improvement in the patient's condition.
she became more reactive , with a shriller voice.
the pleural effusion disappeared , and so did the bradycardia.
laboratory tests showed normal sodium levels , and the renal insufficiency had improved.
the lack of specificity of the clinical presentation of hypothyroidism in the elderly might justify the routine measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone in these patients.
aging is characterized by a progressive alteration of homeostatic mechanisms modulated by environmental and genetic factors.
it is associated with a pro-inflammatory status.
in centenarians , an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production balanced by anti-inflammatory immune response that would promote longevity is observed.
cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the proposed remodeling of the immune-inflammatory responses accompanying old age.
we recruited @number@ healthy centenarians ( @number@ males , @number@ females , range 100-105 years ) .
all ultralongeval subjects were living at home or in a nursing home.
sixteen healthy , sex-matched individuals ( @number@ males , @number@ females , range 60-95 years ) were also recruited as controls.
it's well known that il-22 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated t lymphocytes and nk cells.
il-22 stimulates the production of acute phase reactants and promotes the antimicrobial defense.
the results of the present study show , for the first time , that there is an increase of il-22 in healthy centenarians.
this pro-inflammatory condition probably is protective against infection , promoting the longevity of these subjects.
methods : prospective observational study in @number@ post-menopausal women and men entering 18-month treatment with teriparatide in a community setting at @number@ centres in italy.
results : most patients were elderly women ( @percent@ ) , mean age±sd was @number@.9±8.8 years.
mean euroqol eq-5d index value was @number@.58±0.25 and vas score @number@.2±23.6.
many patients were physically inactive ( @percent@ ) .
one third ( @percent@ ) of population had co-morbidities and @percent@ were on chronic concomitant treatments.
nearly two-thirds ( @percent@ ) had already been treated for osteoporosis , mainly with bisphosphonates.
calcium and vitamin d supplements were taken by @percent@ and @percent@ of the total population , respectively.
most of them had already been treated by bisphosphonates but without calcium and vitamin d supplements.
back pain , as well as non-vertebral and multiple vertebral fractures , were associated with lower hrqol.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is a genetic disease in which children develop pathologies associated with old age.
expression of progerin alters the nuclear architecture and heterochromatin , affecting cell cycle progression and genomic stability.
two groups recently reported the successful generation and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) from hgps fibroblasts.
remarkably , progerin expression and senescence phenotypes are lost in ipscs but not in differentiated progeny.
methods : this is a prospective observational cohort study.
information about activities and other variables were collected by structured interviews at baseline in the participants ' home.
the cox proportional hazards model and crude death rate were applied to estimate mortality risk.
results : among the @number@ participants , @number@ died during the follow-up period ( 1996-2004 ) .
in addition , subjects who were actively engaged in nltpa had a lower mortality risk especially in subjects without performing ltpa.
conclusions : nltpa is an independent predictor of longevity among older people in taiwan.
a physically active lifestyle , especially engaged in nltpa , is associated with lower mortality risk in the elderly population.
we thus suggest that encouraging older people to keep on engaging in customary nltpa is good for their health.
the cdc5l ( cell division cycle 5-like ) complex is a spliceosomal subcomplex that also plays a role in dna repair.
the complex contains the splicing factor hprp19 , also known as snev or hpso4 , which is involved in cellular life-span regulation and proteasomal breakdown.
we mapped the interaction site to the n-terminal @number@ amino acids of exo70 , which interfere with pre-mrna splicing in vitro.
furthermore , exo70 influences the splicing of a model substrate as well as of its own pre-mrna in vivo.
in addition , we found that exo70 is alternatively spliced in a cell-type- and cell-age- dependent way.
these results suggest a novel and unexpected role of exo70 in nuclear mrna splicing , where it might signal membrane events to the splicing apparatus.
in two experiments , we investigated age-related changes in how prosodic pitch accents affect memory.
a contrastive accent on a particular pair improved later recognition memory equally for young and older adults.
however , older adults showed decreased memory if the other pair received a contrastive accent ( experiment @number@ ) .
young adults with low working memory performance also showed this penalty ( experiment @number@ ) .
odor identification ability and cognition were measured in a population-based cohort of @number@ very old twins and singletons , including @number@ centenarians.
heritability for identifying odors was low , in contrast to that for cognition.
common genes were found to contribute to both olfaction and cognition.
two experiments compared effects of integrative and semantic relations between pairs of words on lexical and memory processes in old age.
integrative relations occur when two dissimilar and unassociated words are linked together to form a coherent phrase ( e.g. , horse-doctor ) .
in experiment @number@ older adults completed a lexical-decision task where prime and target words were related either integratively or semantically.
in experiment @number@ young and older adults completed a cued recall task with integrative , semantic , and unrelated word pairs.
both integrative and semantic pairs showed significantly smaller age differences in associative memory compared to unrelated pairs.
integrative relations facilitated older adults ' memory to a similar extent as semantic relations despite having few preexisting associations in memory.
integratability of stimuli is therefore a new factor that reduces associative deficits in older adults , most likely by supporting encoding and retrieval mechanisms.
older adults experience a selective associative memory deficit by demonstrating intact item memory relative to impaired associative memory when compared with younger adults.
older adults exhibited intact item memory and impaired associative memory relative to full attention younger adults.
furthermore , younger and older adults maintain the ability to use new knowledge to guide their associative judgments.
to the extent that cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age differ , obtained estimates of aging and retest may not be informative.
significant bias and type i error rates in the estimated effects of retest were observed when these convergence assumptions were not met.
these simulation results suggest that retest effects may not be distinguishable from effects of aging-related change and age-cohort differences in typical long-term traditional longitudinal designs.
method : participants ( n = @number@ ) with dementia were administered the standard nat , a performance-based test requiring completion of three everyday tasks.
all participants were compared on the following variables : total errors , proportion of errors detected , and proportion of errors corrected.
correlations between error-monitoring variables and neuropsychological tests of executive functioning and language were performed.
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ( libs ) is applied to analyze human fingernails using nanosecond laser pulses.
measurements on @number@ nail samples are carried out and @number@ key species are identified.
sixty three emission lines have been identified in the spectrum that are dominated by calcium lines.
a discriminant function analysis is used to discriminate among different genders and age groups.
this analysis demonstrates efficient discrimination among these groups.
the mean concentration of each element is compared between different groups.
correlation between concentrations of elements in fingernails is calculated.
a strong correlation is found between sodium and potassium while calcium and magnesium levels are inversely correlated.
a case report on high levels of sodium and potassium in patients with hyperthyroidism is presented.
it is shown that libs could be a promising technique for the analysis of nails and therefore identification of health problems.
vernakalant blocks atrial-specific potassium and sodium ion channels , prolonging atrial refractory periods and rate-dependently slowing atrial conduction , without promoting ventricular arrhythmia.
these antiarrhythmic effects of vernakalant were durable , with most responders remaining in sinus rhythm @number@ hours after treatment initiation.
vernakalant was generally well tolerated in clinical trials , with most adverse events being of mild or moderate severity and not treatment limiting.
increases in qrs or qt intervals were transient , and there was no increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmia observed with vernakalant compared with placebo.
therefore , intravenous vernakalant provides an effective option for the management of recent-onset atrial fibrillation.
background : medication errors are the cause of common and dangerous adverse effects on patients.
they occur as a result of preventable failures in the prescribing ( ordering ) , transcribing , dispensing and administration of medications.
methods : a cohort case-control study was conducted in a 37-bed medical ward at a tertiary medical centre in israel.
the study included @number@ patients in whom potentially harmful medication errors were detected , and @number@ sex- and age-matched controls.
clinical data were collected and charlson comorbidity index scores were calculated.
conditional logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with medication errors.
further study will determine whether these factors can be used to identify patients at risk and to prevent prescribing and transcribing medication errors.
introduction : hypertension is a leading risk factor for development of heart failure , stroke and renal disease in the elderly.
efficacy was assessed by 24-hour ambulatory bp monitoring ( abpm ) and sebp measurements.
the primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in mean 24-hour ambulatory sbp after @number@ weeks.
the frequency and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events ( teaes ) were also documented.
results : baseline and week @number@ abpm data were available for @number@ out of 178patients who entered the active treatment phase.
changes from baseline at week @number@ in mean sebp were similar to 24-hour ambulatory bp changes reported previously.
most teaes and drug-related teaes were mild or moderate in severity , and there were no trends across subgroups.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00412932.
background : nsaids are commonly used in the elderly and carry significant risks of adverse events when used concomitantly with potentially interacting drugs.
results : in the study cohort , @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) people had collected at least one prescription for an nsaid in @number@
this use was higher in females than in males and decreased in older age groups in both sexes.
concomitant use of potentially harmful interacting drugs generally increased with age and with increasing use of nsaids.
among the eldest ( age ≥85 years ) , concomitant drug use was stable over nsaid groups.
only @percent@ of regular nsaid users ( i.e. those prescribed nsaids for > 180 days ) were prescribed any gastroprotective medication.
conclusions : prescribers should be alert to the possibility of potentially harmful interactions between nsaids and commonly prescribed drugs in the elderly.
increased use of gastroprotective medication might be justified in this context.
dementia pathologies such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are reaching epidemic proportions , yet they are not successfully managed by effective symptomatic treatments.
this review presents the potential and actual therapeutic strategies for dementia in relation to the known mechanisms of dementia pathology.
challenges for the development of phytochemicals as drugs and for quality control of standardized plant extracts are also considered.
aging is associated with alterations in insulin secretion and action.
however , aging per se does not alter the pharmacokinetics of commercially available insulin and its analogues.
insulin therapy in older adults is complicated by psychosocial and physiological changes of aging.
several new insulin and insulin analogue preparations are now available for clinical use.
the availability of multiple insulin products provides new opportunities to achieve control of diabetes mellitus.
the choice of initial insulin therapy can be made based on blood glucose profiles.
the prescription of insulin is a dynamic process , and the insulin regimen should be adjusted based on individual response.
the effect on personal growth and purpose in life was particularly strong.
proactive coping does seem to be an important variable in the psychological well-being of older adults.
designing psychological interventions to improve proactive coping may help to improve quality of life at older ages.
this study investigated how perceived stress , social support , and home-based physical activity affected older adults ' fatigue , loneliness , and depression.
we also explored whether social support and physical activity mediated the relationships between stress and mental health problems.
the data of @number@ older participants were analyzed in this study.
structural equation modeling using lisrel @number@ was performed to assess the effects of stress , support , and physical activity on mental health.
social support and physical activity mediated the relationships between stress and mental health , except depression.
furthermore , stress had direct and indirect effects on each construct of mental health ( e.g. , fatigue , loneliness , and depression ) .
relationships between adults and parents are characterized by positive and negative qualities.
study @number@ found high internal consistency and test-retest correlations among undergraduates.
study @number@ found associations with measures of positive relationship quality and high test-retest correlations using a sample of parents.
study @number@ established convergent and discriminant validity with other measures of relationship quality , including an observational measure.
the parq is a succinct measure that captures positive and negative aspects of support and interactions in relationships between adults and their parents.
the ces-d is widely used for the assessment of depressive symptoms in the adult population.
however , few studies have been performed to assess the utility of this scale in an older population with cognitive impairment.
the results confirm previous results of a four factor structure.
integrin-associated protein ( iap / cd47 ) has been implicated in macrophage-macrophage fusion.
cd47 ( - / - ) mice weighed less and had decreased areal bone mineral density compared with controls.
histomorphometry revealed reduced bone-formation and mineral apposition rates , accompanied by decreased osteoblast numbers.
furthermore , by disrupting the cd47-shps-1 association , we found that osteoclastogenesis was markedly impaired.
we also demonstrated a significant decrease in osteoblastogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells derived from cd47 ( - / - ) mice.
background : chronic heart failure ( hf ) is a common , complex clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea , fatigue and exercise intolerance.
hf patients experience decreased libido and erectile dysfunction ( ed ) .
the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) on libido and erectile function have not been previously evaluated.
we aimed to investigate the effects of crt on libido and ed.
hypothesis : cardiac resynchronization therapy improves libido and ed.
methods : thirty-one male patients with advanced hf , scheduled for implantation of a crt device , were included in the study.
a significant increase in mean shim score and a significant decrease in mean ams were noted.
conclusions : crt results in a significant improvement in libido and erectile function in patients with congestive hf.
this improvement is related to the improvements in the lvef and functional capacity. .
besides medical treatment and surgical or interventional revascularization , supervised exercise programs are a primary treatment modality for pad.
training may significantly increase pain-free walking time ( + @number@ % ) while avoiding the associated complications of ( repeated ) invasive revascularization.
however , the necessary intense minimum training intervals compromise patient compliance , and the impaired functional status of many pad patients limits active exercise training.
the patients presented with a wide spectrum of liver diseases.
even the same mutation may be associated with varying disease progression.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a disease of articular cartilage , with aging as the main risk factor.
in oa , changes in chondrocytes lead to the autolytic destruction of cartilage.
the age-dependent shift towards smad1 / @date@ signalling might trigger the differentiation of articular chondrocytes with an autolytic phenotype.
mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction have been implicated in the aging process and in numerous chronic diseases.
the need for therapies that can protect and / or improve mitochondrial function is obvious.
we have now assessed whether the reduced cognition was accompanied by lasting eeg abnormalities.
methods : in 1992-1993 , we studied eeg and cognition in @number@ diabetic children and @number@ matched controls.
@number@ years later , we re-investigated the same participants , with @percent@ participation rate.
we also calculated occipital alpha mean frequency , alpha peak frequency at maximum amplitude , alpha peak width , and theta regional mean frequencies.
we examined whether these eeg measures , relative to age- and sex-matched controls , differed between diabetic participants with and without early sh.
results : we found no association of early sh with any of the eeg measures.
conclusions / interpretation : childhood sh was not associated with eeg abnormalities in young type @number@ diabetic adults.
our findings suggest that the reduced adulthood cognition associated with childhood exposure to sh is not accompanied by lasting eeg abnormalities.
loss of volume in the temple can result in a gaunt , wasted appearance.
dermal filler augmentation of the temples can counteract volume loss and achieve a more balanced and youthful appearance.
although the temporal fossa is a critical area for volume restoration of the aging face , published information is limited.
there is a need for prospective , controlled studies investigating safety , efficacy and persistency of hyaluronic acid fillers in this area of the face.
we further investigated whether the altered functional connectivity in depressed patients was associated with cognitive function and severity of depression.
a positive correlation was found between the crus ii-vmpfc connectivity and performance on the hopkins verbal learning test-revised delayed memory recall.
additionally , the vermis-posterior cinglate cortex ( pcc ) connectivity was positively correlated with depression severity.
our results suggest that cerebellum-vmpfc coupling may be related to cognitive function whereas cerebellum-pcc coupling may be related to emotion processing in geriatric depression.
odds ratios ( or ) quantified the estimated effects of covariates on progression risk at any given time.
other examined risk factors may influence progression risk , but evidence for or against this was weak due to wide confidence intervals.
the main results were essentially unchanged using different assumed misclassification rates or imputation of age of infection.
decreasing risk of progression with longer time already spent in a stage was also previously found for post-transplant progression.
the variations constitute two main haplotypes ( gt , ac ) .
both snps affect cpg dinucleotides , whereby each haplotype contains a potential methylation site at one of the two snp positions.
in addition , @number@ cpgs in close vicinity of these snps constitute a weak cpg island.
here , we studied whether dna methylation in this sequence context may contribute to population- and age-specific effects of mchr1 alleles in obesity.
the ac haplotype shows a significantly higher methylation level than the gt haplotype.
this allele-specific methylation is age-dependent.
heterozygous lymphoblastoid cell lines show the same pattern of allele-specific dna methylation.
conclusions : we show that dna methylation at mchr1 is allele-specific , age-dependent , bmi-associated and affects transcription.
conceivably , this epigenetic regulation contributes to the age- and / or population specific effects reported for mchr1 in several human obesity studies.
sirt1 is a nad-dependent deacetylase that participates in cellular controls of gene expression , metabolism , genomic stability and anti-aging.
here we report that sirt1 levels rise in prometaphase leading to sirt1 global association with mitotic chromatin until telophase.
moreover , sirt1 contributes to chromosomal condensation by mediating chromosomal loading of histone h1 and the condensin i complex.
consistently , sirt1 knockdown led to improper condensation and overall aberrant mitosis.
aim : reverse cholesterol transport ( rct ) is a critical mechanism for the anti-atherogenic property of hdl.
methods : raw264.7 , hek293 and bhk-21 cells were used for in vitro studies.
to investigate rct in vivo , 3h-cholesterol-labeled and acetyl ldl-loaded raw264.7 cells were injected into mice.
although glimepiride maintained apoa-i-mediated cholesterol efflux from raw264.7 cells , like glibenclamide , it inhibited abca1-mediated cholesterol efflux from transfected hek293 cells.
similarly , the suas inhibited sr-bi-mediated cholesterol efflux from transfected bhk-21 cells.
high doses of suas increased abcg1 expression in raw264.7 cells , promoting hdl-mediated cholesterol efflux in an abcg1-independent manner.
low doses ( @number@.1-100 µm ) of suas did not affect cholesterol efflux from macrophages despite dose-dependent increases in abca1 / g1 expression.
furthermore , they did not change rct or plasma lipid levels in mice.
conclusion : high doses of suas inhibited the functionality of abca1 / sr-bi , but not abcg1.
at lower doses , they had no unfavorable effects on cholesterol efflux or overall rct in vivo.
these results indicate that suas do not have adverse effects on atherosclerosis contrary to previous findings for glibenclamide.
objective : to examine the association between sbp and hf risk in the elderly.
setting : community-based cohorts.
main outcome measures : incident hf , defined as first adjudicated hospitalisation for hf.
results : over @number@ years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed hf.
overall 255 / 493 ( @percent@ ) hf events occurred in participants with sbp < 140 mm hg at baseline.
increasing sbp was associated with higher hf risk in women than in men ; no race-sbp interaction was seen.
in this review , we focus on preclinical late-life intervention studies , which assess the relationship between physical function , sarcopenia , and body composition.
we provide a conceptual framework for the ever-changing definition of sarcopenia and a rationale for the use of an appropriate rodent model of this condition.
senescent cells exhibit altered expression of numerous genes.
identifying the significance of the changes in gene expression may help advance our understanding of the senescence biology.
here , we report on the consistent and strong upregulation of cst1 expression during cellular senescence , independent of the initial trigger.
immunoblotting and immunofluorescence cytochemical studies further suggest that cst1 accumulates intracellularly , within vesicular structures.
we discuss these results in light of the known function of cst1 as a potent inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases.
middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was assessed bilaterally during normocapnia and hypercapnia ( @percent@ co2 ) .
statin use appears to regulate cvmr and the cvmr training response.
administrative records were used to ascertain diagnoses of geriatric syndromes , diabetes complications , and hypoglycemia.
associations were estimated between hrql and exposures in exposure-specific and combined exposure models ( any syndrome , any complication , or hypoglycemia ) .
conservatively , differences of ≥3 points were considered the minimally important difference in hrql scores.
results : hrql was lower with nearly all exposures of interest.
the lowest physical hrql was associated with amputation.
conclusions : geriatric syndromes and hypoglycemia are associated with lower hrql to a comparable degree as diabetes complications.
addressing geriatric syndromes and avoiding hypoglycemia should be given as high a priority as preventing diabetes complications in older adults with diabetes.
changes in health utility over time are captured as a result of complications and aging.
for patients with higher eq-5d utility , the additional years lived without complications contribute more to longer life expectancy than years lived with complications.
underlying the simple model structure is important patient-level heterogeneity in health and outcomes.
the simulations suggest that differences in patients ' eq-5d utility can account for large differences in qalys , which could be relevant in cost-utility analyses.
here , we present data supporting the competition of nogo- and mhci-mediated inhibition where they coexist.
importantly , kinetic tests indicated that the binding to pir-b of nogo and mhci was competitive.
design : longitudinal study.
setting : population base , from \ "aging in leganes \ " cohort.
the relationship between prcci and mortality was assessed using a survival analysis.
cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for possible confusion factors.
results : the prcci varied from @number@ to @number@ points ( median = 2 points , ri25-75 = 1-3 ) .
the association between prcci and mortality shows that it is useful as comorbidity index.
this work aimed to analyze quantitative changes of peritubular cells in testes of aged men.
aged men had higher pathologic assignment score than that of young men , which demonstrated more severe pathologic changes ( p < 0.05 ) .
sertoli cell ( sc ) number per tubule in two-dimensional was significantly less in aged men than that of young men , p < 0.01.
peritubular cell n ( a ) , n ( v ) decreased significantly in aged men compared to young one , p < 0.05.
investigators face many challenges that may greatly affect the outcomes of research on pharmacotherapy in older adults.
objective : this commentary discusses the common challenges of research on pharmacotherapy in older adults and provides strategies to overcome such challenges.
a crucial area to consider is the measurement of medication adherence , both as an independent factor and as a confounder.
a marked loss of 18-mea was observed.
decreasing contact angles are the direct consequence.
a new method to determine the \ "pseudo-static \ " contact angle on hair was developed.
the results correlate with the corresponding data obtained by dynamic contact angle measurements according to wilhelmy.
quality of life in our society depends crucially on healthy aging , a hallmark of which is the graying hair follicle.
during anagen melanocyte precursors migrate to the hair bulb to form the pigmentary unit where they mature and synthesize melanin.
melanin is transferred to the hair shaft forming keratinocytes giving the hair its colour.
graying is the process in which distinct mechanisms lead to deterioration of the hair follicle melanocyte population.
machado-joseph disease ( mjd ) , also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type @number@ ( sca3 ) , represents the most common form of sca worldwide.
mjd presents strong phenotypic heterogeneity , which has justified the classification of patients into three main clinical types.
main pathological lesions are observed in the spinocerebellar system , as well as in the cerebellar dentate nucleus.
mjd's causative mutation consists in an expansion of an unstable cag tract in exon @number@ of the atxn3 gene , located at 14q32.1.
mutated atxn3 alleles consensually present about @number@ to @number@ cag repeats , resulting in an expanded polyglutamine tract in ataxin-3.
this altered protein gains a neurotoxic function , through yet unclear mechanisms.
issues related with molecular testing and genetic counseling , as well as recent progresses and perspectives on genetic therapy , are also addressed.
enhancing the functional properties of these cells may be important as they provide an antigen-specific defense against chronic infections.
recent studies have shown that il-15 does in fact play an appreciable role in cd4 memory t cells under physiological conditions.
il-15 induced an activated phenotype in cd4 + cd28 ( null ) t cells.
although the surface expression of il-15r α-chain was not increased , the transcription factor stat-5 was preferentially activated.
il-15 could play a role enhancing the effector response of cd4 + cd28 ( null ) t cells against their specific chronic antigens.
background : neck wrinkles are common , troublesome aesthetic deformities for which a limited number of treatments exist.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subdermal minimal surgery technology in the treatment of horizontal neck wrinkles.
materials and methods : all @number@ enrolled participants were koreans ( fitzpatrick skin types ii-iv ) with horizontal neck wrinkles.
participants underwent up to four sessions of treatment with subdermal minimal surgery technology at 4-week intervals.
wrinkle assessments were conducted at baseline and @number@ months after the final treatment session.
participants and physicians evaluated improvement using pre- and post-treatment photographs.
results : all participants completed the study.
ethnic and genetic differences modify skin structure and function.
skin photoageing is becoming one of the most studied cosmetological topics.
the study showed that aryan-origin ethnic skin was more wrinkled and darker than that of mongolian.
smoking was found to increase the degree of wrinkling ; however , no differences related to ethnic origin in relation to smoking were observed.
this study indicates the need to further evaluate the differences in skin response to daily exposure to strong sun among various ethnic-origin inhabitants.
context : insulin resistance and type @number@ diabetes have been associated to a low grade of inflammation and their prevalence increase with ageing.
objective : to analyse the development of inflammation in adipose tissue , liver , muscle and hypothalamus during ageing and the effects of caloric restriction.
immunohistochemistry of macrophages has also been performed.
results : all studied tissues present signs of inflammation during ageing , but with different pattern and intensity.
caloric restriction decreases the expression of most of inflammatory markers.
discussion and conclusions : these data indicate a role of adiposity in the development of inflammation and insulin resistance during ageing.
dietetic intervention could be a useful tool to ameliorate the development of inflammation and insulin resistance associated with ageing.
we asked stakeholders to provide opinions on the possibility of implementation of these guidelines within their ltc facilities.
our results support the feasibility of , interest in , and desirability of implementation.
they also support an increased role for nurse leadership in ltc pain management.
these results could be used to strengthen advocacy efforts for improvement in pain management.
the human jaw system is different from those of other primates , carnivores , ruminants , and rodents in temporomandibular joint and muscle anatomy.
in adults , jaw muscles also differ markedly from limb and trunk muscles in composition and distribution of fibre types.
to address this question , we have examined the fibre type composition of the human masseter , a jaw closing muscle , at young age.
for comparison , the young biceps brachii was examined.
the results were compared with previous data for adult masseter and biceps muscles.
young masseter and biceps were similar in that type i fibres outnumbered other fibre types and were of the same diameter.
however , they differed in composition of other fibre types.
young masseter differed from young biceps also by smaller type ii fibre diameter and by containing fetal myhc.
in addition , the masseter and biceps differed in age-related changes of composition and distribution of fibre types between young age and adulthood.
catecholamines play a key role in the regulation of cardiovascular function , classically through ß ( @date@ ) -adrenoreceptors ( ar ) activation.
their upregulation in diseased cardiovascular tissues and resistance to desensitization suggest they may be attractive therapeutic targets.
they may substitute for inoperant ß ( @date@ ) -ar to mediate vasodilation in diabetic or atherosclerotic vessels.
methods : from january to @date@ , we have treated @number@ patients.
fifteen treated with double pph-01 staplers and @number@ treated using new ccs @number@ contour.
resected specimen were measured with respect to average surface and volume.
all patients have been evaluated at @number@ mo with clinical examination , anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasonography.
results : average surface in the ccs @number@ group was @number@ cm² statistically different when compared to the starr group ( @number@ cm² ) .
the average volume in the ccs @number@ group was @number@ cc , while in the pph-01 it was @number@ cc and difference was statistically significant.
the mean hospital stay in the ccs @number@ group was @number@ d , while in the pph-01 group the median hospital stay was @number@ d.
as regards the long-term follow-up , an overall satisfactory rate of @percent@ ( 25 / 30 ) was achieved.
endoanal ultrasonography performed @number@ year following surgery was considered normal in both of the studied groups.
resting and squeezing pressures were lower in those patients not satisfied , but data are not statistically significant.
conclusion : the starr procedure with two pph-01 is a safe surgical procedure to correct ods.
lipid droplets ( lds ) are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids within cells.
in its simplest form , the ld regulates the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids , including triacylglycerol and / or cholesterol esters.
it is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of ld physiology and metabolism influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
in this review we provide an update on the role of ld-associated proteins and lds in metabolic disease.
apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
this study was the first to explore midlife motivational abilities as a predictor of the progression of apathy and depression in mci and ad.
it used a subsample of the aging , demographics , and memory study ( n = @number@ ) .
participants , aged over @number@ were categorized according to baseline clinical diagnosis ( normal cognition , mci , or ad ) .
assessments were conducted at an 18-month interval.
neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the neuropsychiatric inventory.
repeated measures analysis of covariance was used.
apathy and depression were found to be particularly high in participants with ad and high motivational abilities.
apathy , but not depression , increased over time in those with ad and high motivational abilities.
methods : alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal antibodies against crp and cfh on cryopreserved tissue sections from disc / macular blocks.
three independent masked observers scored the reaction product ( 0-8 ) .
drusen and basal laminar deposits were intensely positive for crp and cfh.
conclusion : these immunohistochemical findings show that changes in distribution and relative levels of crp and cfh were evident in early and late amd eyes.
this study supports the hypothesis that inflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of amd.
changes in sex hormone levels with aging or illness may lead to metabolic disorders.
moreover , the ratio changes in men versus women may have distinct pathological responses.
e ( @number@ ) treatment increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase @number@ mrna expression in myotubes from female donors.
context : type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is associated with higher bone mineral density ( bmd ) and paradoxically with increased fracture risk.
it is not known if low bmd , central to fracture prediction in older adults , identifies fracture risk in patients with dm.
main outcome measure : self-reported incident fractures , which were verified by radiology reports.
for a similar fracture risk , participants with dm had a higher t score than participants without dm.
humans have a tendency to perceive motion even in static images that simply \ "imply \ " movement.
in the present study , we created an rm display depicting a pattern of implied ( clockwise ) rotation of a rectangle.
results : mean age was @number@ years and bmi @number@.1kg / m ( @number@ ) for both genders.
hba ( 1c ) increased in both genders with age ( p < 0.001 ) .
for a particular fasting glucose level hba ( 1c ) level was higher in older age groups ( p < 0.001 for linearity ) .
these results need to be verified in different populations.
studies on the prevalence of symptoms in the general population and its ' relation to ls in the oldest-old are to our knowledge non-existent.
musculo-skeletal symptoms like pain were reported by @percent@ , @percent@ had depressive symptoms and @percent@ general fatigue.
less than @percent@ of men and women reported no metabolic symptoms or symptoms related to the head.
aging and muscle unloading are associated with a decline in muscle mass , structure , force and changes in the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle.
this review briefly summarizes studies that examine aging skeletal muscle during unloading and reloading.
laminopathies are a group of diseases that share wrong codification of lamins , building proteins of the nuclear lamina.
different tissues are affected in those disorders : striated muscle , adipose tissue , central or peripheral nervous system and aging process.
emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy and hutchinson-gildford progery syndrome are two examples of laminopathies.
laminopathies are reviewed in this article from a molecular , pathogenic and clinical point of view.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with a complicated pathogenesis.
the present review provides an updated analysis of the normal and impaired bbb / bscb , focusing on the als-altered barrier.
few studies , however , have focused on what helps residents to find a home in long-term care settings.
this study aimed to fill this gap.
design : grounded theory guided the study design.
residents ( n = @number@ ) living in public or private long-term care settings were interviewed using unstructured interviews.
' finding home ' was conceptualised as the core category.
the potential to ' find home ' was influenced by mediating and facilitating / constraining factors.
conclusions : the theory of finding home was generated from the data.
this theory describes the factors critical to ' finding home ' in long-term care settings.
implications for practice : the theory of finding home gives insight into what matters to older people living in long-term care settings.
strategies to help generate a feeling of home in long-term care settings are shared.
background : older adults comprise a vulnerable population for social isolation and its associated health risks.
design : literature review.
methods : canada's population health promotion model was chosen as a comprehensive tool to understand and prevent social isolation.
research studies were sought to identify key health determinants and evidence-based options for preventing social isolation.
evidence-based interventions targeted to these health determinants are suggested.
conclusion : nurses are a key group to advocate for actions needed to prevent social isolation.
implications for practice : nurses can play a vital role in minimising social isolation through a variety of educational , prevention and political lobbying activities.
background : ethical values and morals are important aspects that influence the quality of care.
methods : empirical observational study including follow-up interviews.
twenty-two older patients participated voluntarily in this study.
constant comparative analysis , the core foundation of grounded theory was used.
approaching : approaching concerns how people become closer to each other in a physical space.
it also includes how people become closer to each other in a dialogue , involving verbal or bodily communication.
conclusions and relevance to clinical practice : approaching indicates the ethical values that guide nurses in their caring encounters with older patients.
these values are noted by the patient and have an individual value as well as leading to improved quality of their care.
the older patient will be confident and satisfied with the caring encounter if the desired components in the nurse's approaching are exhibited.
design , sample and measurements : a cross-sectional survey was adopted.
two hundred and forty-two people aged @number@ years and above receiving home nursing care participated in the study.
binary logistic regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on home nursing care.
no associations were found between coping resources and home nursing care.
conclusions : impaired capacity to perform activities of daily living was the main reason for care allocation.
education was associated with more formal care.
patients with low perceived social support combined with a low education level was a particularly vulnerable group.
background : non-invasive , easily administered nutritional screening tools for community dwelling older adults are few and those that are available are problematic.
method : convenience samples of @number@ adults ≥65 were interviewed.
height , weight and measures of the five nutritional risk factors were collected at interviews @number@ months apart.
design : repeated measures.
results : @number@ subjects completing t2 were largely white ( @percent@ ) , female ( @percent@ ) , well educated and in good health.
conclusions : five validated tools can be administered by nurses or non-professionals to screen for nutritional risk factors leading to unintentional weight loss.
implications for practice : early screening has the potential to identify either nutritional risk or nutritional decline in older adults.
background : increasingly , patients are using health-related information available on the internet.
internet based health information has influenced patient knowledge and expectations regarding healthcare.
results : half of older internet users ( n = @number@ ) had used online health information and found it was helpful.
qualitative findings revealed that the prime reason for non-use of the internet was related to literacy and level of education due to historical background.
it could affect health promotion , policy and education for older adults in korea.
aim : to reveal nursing home employees ' views on dying and death among older people they cared for.
background : palliative care stakeholders recently included more groups in their definition of palliative care ; older people constitute one such group.
consequently , palliative care systems , which will serve a large , aging cohort , will require new skills.
the first stage in skills acquisition is to gather current views on dying and death.
design : qualitative descriptive study that uses focus group discussions for data collection ; @number@ employees in @number@ swedish nursing homes participated.
method : data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
conclusions : a deeper understanding of the palliative care philosophy is needed to further develop and tailor care for the dying persons in nursing homes.
relevance to clinical practice : to get public support for palliative care , the silence surrounding dying and death must be broken.
employees must receive education to prepare for all aspects of their work , and management must account for employees ' situation when planning the care.
data were collected through group and individual in-depth interviews and participant observations which involved @number@ individuals , aged 52-76.
data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.
the study showed two interrelated themes reflections on life and ubuntu - an orientation towards others.
background : glaucoma is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness , and poses serious public health and economic concerns.
design : review.
samples : published randomized trials and population-based studies since @number@
methods : we report the economic impact of primary open-angle glaucoma and model the effect of changes in detection rates and management strategies.
health system costs over the same time period are estimated to increase from $ au355 million to $ au784 million.
conclusion : primary open-angle glaucoma poses a significant economic burden , which will increase substantially by @number@
background : carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) , with unclear etiology , is the most common entrapment neuropathy.
its occurrence is related to lots of medical and non-medical conditions with uncertain causality.
statistical association with cts was determined for five sociodemographic and nine medical factors.
aging appears to reduce the relative impact of the diseases commonly associated with cts as the possible risk factors.
conclusions : identification of the cts correlates in younger group would be of greater value in timely detection and treatment for these diseases.
correcting these disorders may aid in removing possible causes of cts.
this is the first report on the effect of aging on probable cts risk factors.
how factors associated with aging contribute to the development of cts remains to be determined.
this article explores the continuing involvement in youth music and style cultures of older participants through examination of the case study of the goth scene.
neuroinflammation is considered a chronic activation of the immune response in the central nervous system ( cns ) in response to different injuries.
the effect of immune diffusible mediators on synaptic plasticity might result in cns dysfunction during neuroinflammatory brain diseases.
the cns dysfunction may induce several human pathological conditions associated with both cognitive impairment and a variable degree of neuroinflammation.
the neurotrophin nerve growth factor ( ngf ) is essential for the maintenance and differentiation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.
materials and methods : multiple regression analysis was undertaken.
the sample covers the period from @number@ to @number@
on the relationship between longevity and telemedicine , the society begins to request telehealth when the elderly proportion is > 2.06%.
with @percent@ elderly proportion , the estimated volume of health services via conventional medical care system is @number@ × 10⁸.
the current quantity of such services is @number@.11×10⁸ and underprovided by @percent@.
estimation results reveal that online and conventional health services are complementary for enhancing health status in an aging society.
obese older adults are particularly susceptible to sarcopenia and have a higher prevalence of disability than their peers of normal weight.
interventions to improve body composition in late life are crucial to maintaining independence.
it has yet to be determined whether impaired cellular quality control mechanisms contribute to this process.
background : there were numerous efforts in the united states during the previous decade to concentrate selected surgical procedures in high-volume hospitals.
it remains unknown whether referral patterns for high-risk surgery have changed as a result and how operative mortality has been affected.
methods : we used national medicare data to study patients undergoing one of eight different cancer and cardiovascular operations from @number@ through @number@
we used regression-based techniques to assess the effects of volume and market concentration on mortality over time , adjusting for case mix.
depending on the procedure , higher hospital volumes were attributable to an increasing number of cases nationwide , an increasing market concentration , or both.
hospital volumes rose slightly for aortic-valve replacement but fell for coronary-artery bypass grafting and carotid endarterectomy.
conclusions : operative mortality with high-risk surgery fell substantially during the previous decade.
( funded by the national institute on aging. ) .
conclusion : our results show that psap has the potential to differentiate between primary and advanced pca.
background : congestive heart failure ( chf ) has become a major clinical and public health challenge with the aging of the population in china.
however , the effect of the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases on the prognosis of hospitalized patients with chf remains unclear.
a comparative analysis was performed to explore the etiology and comorbidities of chf and in-hospital mortality in patients with chf.
hypothesis : the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases is an independent predictor of the 30-day mortality of hospitalized patients with chf.
cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the number of comorbidities and in-hospital mortality in patients with chf.
conclusions : this study demonstrates the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular diseases is an independent predictor of the 30-day mortality of hospitalized patients with chf.
a crucial limitation , however , is that this study confines itself to elderly population.
methods : the panel study of belgian households is a prospective longitudinal survey , following adults ages 25-74 , annually from @number@ to @number@
missing data were replaced using multiple imputation , allowing for a complete dataset ( n = @number@ ) at each wave.
respondents were classified into one of five birth cohorts : 1918-1927 ; 1928-1937 ; 1938-1947 ; 1948-1957 ; 1958-1967.
frequency of depressive symptoms was reported using a modified version of the health and daily living form.
growth curve modeling was used to determine the effect of age and cohort on depression trajectory.
results : all cohorts differed significantly from one another , with recent cohorts always obtaining the highest mean hdl-depression score.
no evidence of a ww2 effect was found.
conclusion : the association between age and depression has to take cohort membership into account.
cohort replacement effects explain the increase in depression in belgium.
we observed the agonist-specific activation pattern of map kinases in human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) .
these data indicate a potential role of the nuclear translocation of apoptotic signals in the induction of apoptosis.
we attempted to validate the life table model used to generate estimates for all-cause mortality in developing countries.
these provided inputs for the gbd life table model and served as comparison observed data.
above age sixty model estimates of survival for both sexes differed substantially from those observed.
viewing observed and estimated survival separately , observed survival past sixty increased over the years considered.
for males , the increase was from a mean ( sd ) probability of @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) .
for females , the increase was from @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) .
by contrast , estimated survival past sixty decreased over the same period.
among males , estimated survival probability declined from @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) .
among females , the decline was from @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) .
estimates of the size of older-age populations and their attributable disease burden should be reconsidered.
study objectives : the amplitude of the n550 component derived from the averaged evoked k-complex decreases with normal aging and with alcoholism.
the study was designed to determine whether these declines are related to the extent of cortical or subcortical shrinkage.
age added independent variance at @number@ of the @number@ sites , while alcoholism and sex added independent variance at frontal sites only.
the protective effects of 3-deoxysappanchalcone against tnf-α-induced damage was investigated using human skin keratinocytes.
the force variability of tapping at @number@ hz further increased with age , indicating an effect of aging on the control of force.
acarbose attenuates the fall in blood pressure ( bp ) induced by oral sucrose and may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension.
bp , heart rate , sma flow , blood glucose , and serum insulin were measured.
matrix gla protein ( mgp ) is a calcification inhibitor in vascular tissue that must be carboxylated by vitamin k to function.
evidence suggests circulating uncarboxylated mgp ( ucmgp ) is elevated in persons with disease characterized by vascular calcification.
genetic determinants of ucmgp were also explored.
the effect of phylloquinone supplementation ( @number@ μg / d ) for @number@ y on plasma ucmgp was determined among @number@ participants.
major allele homozygotes for mgp rs1800801 and rs4236 had higher plasma ucmgp than heterozygotes or minor allele homozygotes.
( p ≤ @number@ ) .
cac did not differ according to ucmgp quartile ( p = @number@ age-adjusted ) .
plasma ucmgp did not reflect cac in healthy older adults.
objectives : to describe the relationship of body mass index and mortality in older adults , examining the influence of sex and cardiovascular morbidity.
methods : sixteen-year cohort of a population sample of @number@ people aged @number@ and over.
results : at baseline the median bmi is @number@ ( interquartile range : @date@ @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) ) .
findings show that during @number@ years there were @number@ deaths.
the u-shaped curve of the mortality hazard by bmi is wide.
the minimum mortality occur at bmi = @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) .
findings show that men had lower mortality risk with increasing bmi and that cardiovascular disease was associated with high mortality in the low-bmi category.
each covariate was evaluated for its association with a specific type of bleeding.
individual evaluations were rated as good , fair , or poor using methods consistent with those recommended by the agency for healthcare research and quality.
results : forty-one studies were identified , reporting @number@ multivariate evaluations of the association between a chads ( @number@ ) covariate and bleeding risk.
no chads ( @number@ ) covariate had a high strength of evidence for association with any bleeding type.
for the vast majority of evaluations , the strength of evidence between covariates and bleeding was low.
similar findings were observed regardless of whether all included studies , or only those evaluating patients with atrial fibrillation , were assessed.
conclusion : the associations between chads ( @number@ ) covariates and increased bleeding risk were weak , with the exception of age.
here , we identify a new substrate of trim32 and propose a mechanism through which trim32 might regulate apoptosis.
our overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrate that trim32 sensitizes cells to tnfα-induced apoptosis.
the ring domain is necessary for this pro-apoptotic function of trm32 as well as being responsible for its e3 ligase activity.
in vitro reconstitution assay reveals that xiap is directly ubiquitinated by trim32.
our novel results collectively suggest that trim32 sensitizes tnfα-induced apoptosis by antagonizing xiap , an anti-apoptotic downstream effector of tnfα signaling.
this function may be associated with trim32-mediated tumor suppressive mechanism.
a decline in mitochondrial activity has been associated with aging and is a hallmark of many neurological diseases.
surveillance mechanisms acting at the molecular , organellar , and cellular level monitor mitochondrial integrity and ensure the maintenance of mitochondrial proteostasis.
background : it is uncertain as to which measures of gait best predict those who are likely to fall.
our aim was to investigate the associations of gait and gait variability measures with incident falls risk.
methods : individuals aged 60-86 years ( n = @number@ ) were randomly selected from the tasmanian electoral roll.
average gait and gait variability measures were collected on a computerised walkway.
falls were recorded prospectively over @number@ months.
log multinomial regression was used to estimate the relative risk of single and multiple falls associated with gait measures.
covariates included age , sex , sensorimotor and cognitive measures , mood and medications.
non-linear associations with multiple falls were found for gait speed p = @number@ cadence p = @number@ and step time variability p = @number@
of the gait measures predicted risk of single falls.
conclusion : there is an increased risk of multiple falls , but not single falls , in older people with poorer gait.
compassionate release is a program that allows some eligible , seriously ill prisoners to die outside of prison before sentence completion.
it became a matter of federal statute in @number@ and has been adopted by most u.s. prison jurisdictions.
incarceration is justified on @number@ principles : retribution , rehabilitation , deterrence , and incapacitation.
compassionate release derives from the theory that changes in health status may affect these principles and thus alter justification for incarceration and sentence completion.
the medical profession is intricately involved in this process because eligibility for consideration for compassionate release is generally based on medical evidence.
we propose changes to address these flaws.
worldwide , the number of people aged @number@ years and older steadily grows to a predicted @number@ billion in @number@
online interventions increasingly target lifestyle risk factors to promote healthy aging.
the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate whether internet mediated lifestyle interventions can successfully change lifestyle in people aged @number@ and older.
a pubmed search was conducted resulting in twelve articles , based on ten studies.
the studies focused on physical activity , weight loss , nutrition , and diabetes.
nine studies used feasible interventions , with an average small to moderate effect size.
the most important result is that there are multiple studies reporting positive lifestyle changes in an older population.
internet mediated interventions hold great potential in implementing effective lifestyle programs , capable of reaching large populations of older persons at very low costs.
background : the infrarenal abdominal aorta exhibits increased disease susceptibility relative to other aortic regions.
results : we analyzed gene expression with microarrays in baboon aortas , and found that members of the hox gene family exhibited spatial expression differences.
hoxa4 was chosen for further study , since it had decreased expression in the abdominal compared to the thoracic aorta.
western blot analysis from @number@ human aortas demonstrated significantly higher hoxa4 protein levels in thoracic compared to abdominal tissues ( p < @number@ ) .
immunohistochemical staining for hoxa4 showed nuclear and perinuclear staining in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in aorta.
background : mindfulness-based stress reduction ( mbsr ) programs are becoming increasingly common , but have not been studied in low income minority older populations.
methods : we conducted three focus groups with @number@ current members of an mbsr program.
participants were african american women over the age of @number@ in a low-income housing residence.
we tape recorded each session and subsequently used inductive content analysis to identify primary themes.
we found that participants particularly used their mbsr training for coping with medical procedures , and managing both depression and anger.
conclusion : a reflective stationary intervention delivered in-residence could be an ideal mechanism to decrease stress in low-income older adult's lives and improve their health.
blood samples were analysed for concentrations of t and calculations were made for bt.
results : a total of @percent@ of the questionnaires were returned and analysed , and @percent@ of the responders gave blood samples.
the oldest third of the men were most affected by loh symptoms ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the magnitude of the decrease in concentrations is a better predictor of loh than are the actual concentrations of t and bt.
a combination of symptoms predicts loh better than any single symptom.
objective : altered circadian rhythms have been identified in untreated prostate cancer patients.
findings of restored rhythmicity following cancer treatment may have relevance for cancer control and symptom management.
this study assessed and compared the cyclic patterns of hot flashes and activity levels in treated prostate cancer patients.
methods : data were collected during two 24-h periods among @number@ prostate patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) .
hot flashes were detected objectively through sternal skin conductance and by patients via electronic event marking.
activity levels were recorded on a wrist actigraphy device.
there were significant 24-h circadian rhythms of both hot flashes and activity levels.
the peak of the rhythms occurred in early afternoon.
there was no significant cross correlation between hot flashes and activity levels.
future research may have important implications for the survival of prostate cancer patients and the identification of new and safe hot flash treatments.
objective : acceleration of amyloid a ( aa ) amyloidosis induction by ageing has not been extensively studied in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
the aim of this study is to clarify contribution of ageing to the development of aa amyloidosis associated with ra in our large cohort.
methods : @number@ adult-onset ra patients whose ra was complicated by biopsy-proven aa amyloidosis were enrolled.
the ages of ra onset and aa amyloidosis diagnosis were estimated in each patient.
gender did not significantly contribute to the onset of aa amyloidosis ( p = 0.569 ) .
conclusion : ageing is an independent risk factor for the induction of aa amyloidosis complicating ra.
in recent years , radiofrequency catheter ablation has been widely performed as an effective treatment for recurrent , drug-refractory af.
introduction : karachi falls into a low risk region for colorectal cancer ( crc ) .
the incidence rate is known but detailed epidemiology and pathology data regarding the disease are not available.
cases were analyzed in two time periods ( @date@ and 1998-2002 ) to facilitate the study of time trends.
corresponding figures for period two were @number@ @number@ and @percent@ for males and @number@ @number@ and @percent@ in females.
the male , female ratio was equal for colon ( 1 : 1 ) .
men had more rectal cancers ( 2 : 1 ) and overall crc ( @number@.7 : 1 ) .
the mean age of the patients varied with sub-site and gender from @number@ years to @number@ years.
cancers of the rectum presented at a relatively earlier age.
less then @percent@ of the cases were diagnosed in adolescents , @percent@ above @number@ years of age and only @percent@ above @number@ years.
the first cases were observed in adolescents ( 15-19 years ) and a peak was observed in the seventh decade.
colon to rectum ratio was 1 : 1 in males and 2 : 1 in females.
most cases presented with advanced disease , though some down staging was observed in period @number@ ( 1998-2002 ) .
with existing prevalence of high risk factors in pakistan , the low crc incidence may be an artifact.
there are concerns that an aging population over the next decade and changing lifestyle patterns may translate into a higher crc incidence.
screening must be considered as part of the health sector planning for the future and include the high risk younger age groups.
this study develops an approach to this question , which is necessary for amci to become a treatment target.
the chance-corrected inter-rater reliability ( expert versus non-expert ) measure κ , based on binary outcome ( amci / not-amci ) , was estimated.
the percent agreement was @percent@ , sensitivity @percent@ and specificity @percent@.
overall , non-experts under-rated the level of impairment compared with experts.
conclusion : this study established the feasibility of making the amci designation in the community and identified some likely sources of error.
antioxidant foods and ingredients are an important component of the food industry.
in the past , antioxidants were used primarily to control oxidation and retard spoilage , but today many are used because of putative health benefits.
this may mean reexamining the health implications of adding large amounts of antioxidants to foods.
in this chapter , we discuss the current understanding of the possible epigenetics changes that occur in rheumatoid arthritis.
in particular , we describe that deregulation ofdna methylation and histone modifications can occur in the immune system and lead to rheumatoid arthritis.
in addition , we discuss the role of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts in autoimmunity.
examples of changes in dna methylation and histone modification occurring in synovial fibroblasts during the disease process are reviewed in this chapter.
previous methods of empirical mapping involve using regressions on patient or general population self-reported data from datasets involving two or more measures.
regression techniques are used to estimate the relationship between these vas values and the original value set ( i.e. ' tariff' ) .
these results are subsequently used to estimate the relationship between all six pbm to enable ' value-based mapping ' between measures.
this new method of mapping potentially has a useful role in evidence synthesis and cross programme comparisons in studies using different measures.
positive predictive values ( ppvs ) of diagnostic codes , laboratory abnormalities , and their combinations for confirmed outcomes were determined.
the combination of any code plus laboratory abnormality increased ppv ( @percent@ ; 95%ci , 47%-79% ) .
this algorithm may be applicable to other cohorts.
a significant ( p < @number@ ) decrease in ( - ) epicatechin uptake by human erythrocytes was observed as a function of age.
heart failure ( hf ) in the elderly is a major public health problem , and its prevalence is rising.
outcomes of hf in the elderly have not changed in the past @number@ decades despite the introduction of novel hf therapies.
this may be due to the combined impact of multiple comorbidities and frailty.
the majority of elderly patients with hf are frail with multiple comorbidities.
these comorbidities , along with frailty , contribute to the poor outcome of hf in the elderly and pose independent management challenges.
empirical estimates of window width differ widely , however , ranging from @number@ to @number@ ms depending on context and experimental paradigm.
here , this framework is extended to the focused attention task where subjects are asked to respond to signals from a target modality only.
evoking the framework of the ( twin ) model , an explicit expression for optimal window width is obtained.
the approach is probed on two published focused attention studies.
the first is a saccadic reaction time study assessing the efficiency with which multisensory integration varies as a function of aging.
this study examined the concept of successful aging using an ethnographic grounded-theory approach.
seventy-seven japanese american older adults participated in focus groups.
the content of each dimension represents both culture-specific and culturally-universal elements.
the model of successful aging generated from this study appears to be more comprehensive than existing models and incorporates sociocultural experiences.
glycation is a process closely related to the aging and pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
glycation of gst by methylglyoxal , fructose , and glucose in vitro was studied.
the ongoing glycation by methylglyoxal @number@ mm resulted in pronounced decrease in the gst activity.
it also led to the loss of @number@ primary amino groups , which was accompanied by changes in protein mobility during native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
formation of cross links with molecular weight of @number@ kda was observed.
obtained results can contribute to understanding of changes , which proceed in metabolism of xenobiotics during diabetes mellitus and ageing.
fnbmd was higher in nhanes 2005-2008 than in nhanes iii , but between-survey differences varied by age , sex , and race / ethnicity.
the likelihood that fnbmd has improved appears strongest for older white women.
nonlinear measures such as complexity and fractal scaling properties derived from @number@ h heart rate dynamics of healthy subjects vary from childhood to old age.
in this study , the age-related variations during childhood and adolescence were addressed.
in particular , the cardiac interbeat interval series was quantified with respect to complexity and fractal scaling properties.
hence , the heart rate dynamics were closer to a 1 / f power law and most complex between @number@ and @number@ years.
however , dfa α ( @number@ ) and α ( @number@ ) increased with progressing age similar to measures reflecting linear properties.
methods : the immunocap assay was employed to detect serum total ige and sige.
the spt and nasal smear eosinophil counts were performed using standard procedures.
an increasing sige level was correlated with higher spt grades in both der p and der f.
conclusion : the positive correlation between spt and sige reaction to hdm varied according to the age of patients with ar.
the aim of this study was to determine if aging is associated with enhanced endothelial progenitor cell ( epc ) sensitivity to apoptosis.
protein expression of akt , p70 s6-kinase and bcl-2 was markedly lower ( approx.
these age-related changes likely contribute , in part , to the diminished ability of epcs to resist an apoptotic stimulus in older men.
increased susceptibility to apoptosis may contribute to the numerical and functional impairments observed in epcs with aging.
grip strength is recommended as a good simple measure of muscle strength when ' measured in standard conditions'.
however , standard conditions remain to be defined.
results : there is wide variability in the choice of equipment and protocol for measuring grip strength.
the jamar hand dynamometer is the most widely used instrument with established test-retest , inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.
however , there is considerable variation in how it is used and studies often provide insufficient information on the protocol followed making comparisons difficult.
there is evidence that variation in approach can affect the values recorded.
conclusions : there is considerable variation in current methods of assessing grip strength which makes comparison between studies difficult.
a standardised method would enable more consistent measurement of grip strength and better assessment of sarcopenia.
our approach is described.
cognitive impairment is a core element shared by a large number of different neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.
this auditory-frontal cortical deficiency , and hence cognitive decline , can now be objectively measured with the mismatch negativity and its magnetic equivalent.
the auditory-frontal cortical network involved seems , therefore , to play a pivotal , unifying role in the different abnormalities.
older adults often perform poorly on theory of mind ( tom ) tests that require understanding of others ' beliefs and intentions.
the course and specificity of age changes in belief reasoning across the adult lifespan is unclear , as is the cause of the age effects.
cognitive and neuropsychological models predict that two types of processing might influence age differences in belief reasoning : executive functioning and social cue detection.
middle-aged adults ( aged 40-64 ) generally performed as well as the younger adults ( aged 18-39 ) .
difficulties in updating information in working memory ( but not inhibitory problems ) partially mediated the age differences in false belief reasoning.
also , the ability to decode biological motion , indexing social cue detection , partially mediated age-related variance in the ability to interpret false beliefs.
coronary vessel distensibility is reduced with atherosclerosis and normal aging , but direct measurements have historically required invasive measurements at cardiac catheterization.
in each subject , the proximal segment of a coronary artery was imaged for the cross-sectional area measurements using cine spiral mri.
the pulse pressure was calculated as the difference between the systolic and diastolic brachial blood pressure.
a total of @number@ healthy subjects and @number@ patients had adequate image quality for coronary area measurements.
in a group of @number@ healthy subjects , the repeated distensibility measurements demonstrated a significant correlation ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
circulating nonesterified or free fatty acids ( ffas ) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular pathology and correlate with ischemia in acute cardiovascular conditions.
the aim of this study was to assess whether serum levels of ffas are associated with long-term prognosis in subjects with stable coronary heart disease.
ffas were correlated with established serum markers of cardiovascular risk and strongly related to secondary cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in age- and gender-adjusted analysis.
regular exercise and an active lifestyle during adulthood have been associated with reduced risk and protective effects for mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease.
similarly , studies in animal models show that physical activity has positive physiological and cognitive effects that correlate with changes in transcriptional profiles.
recent studies have shown that aging , psychiatric and neurologic diseases , and dopaminergic blockade all result in altered brain network efficiency.
functional connectivity between @number@ cortical and subcortical regions was estimated by wavelet correlation analysis in the frequency interval of @number@ @date@ hz.
efficiency of the associated network was analyzed , comparing pd to healthy controls.
we found that individuals with parkinson's disease had a marked decrease in nodal and global efficiency compared to healthy age-matched controls.
increasing evidence indicates that alzheimer's disease , one of the most diffused aging pathologies , and diabetes may be related.
here , we demonstrate that insulin signalling protects lan5 cells by amyloid-β42 ( aβ ) -induced toxicity.
aβ affects both activation of insulin receptors and the levels of phospho-akt , a critical signalling molecule in this pathway.
insulin cascade protects against mitochondrial damage caused by aβ treatment , restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential.
moreover , we show that the recovery of the organelle integrity recruits active akt translocation to the mitochondrion.
similarly , patients treated with warfarin carry a greater risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures , due to reduced bgp activity.
lacking the inhibitory effect on the vitamin k cycle , the consequent side effects can be avoided.
mental health is increasingly defined not only by the absence of illness but by the presence of subjective well-being ( swb ) .
previous cohort studies have consistently shown that indicators of swb predict favorable life outcomes , including better mental and somatic health , and longevity.
the favorable effects associated with swb have prompted new research aimed at raising happiness and wellbeing through individual interventions and public health initiatives.
standard observational studies of individual-level associations , however , are subject to potential confounding of exposure and outcome by shared genes and environment.
the association between swb , operationalized as affect and life satisfaction , and all-cause mortality risk was examined using between-individual and within-pair survival analyses.
as expected , at the individual level , swb predicted increased longevity.
here we examine this association in an adolescent population sample of australian twins and siblings ( n = @number@ ) aged @number@ to @number@ years.
results indicate that these snps are not associated with reading ability in an australian population.
the results are interpreted as supporting use of much larger snp sets in common disorders where effects are small.
we conducted a mixed-methods study the focus of this article to understand how workers in long-term care facilities experienced working conditions.
workers reported time pressures and the frequency of experiences of physical violence and unwanted sexual attention , as we explain.
we discuss how the finding of structural violence emerged and also the deeper meaning , context , and insights resulting from our combined methods.
the understanding of palliative care practices at home ( pch ) is limited by the lack of available scientific knowledge.
this is explained by the fact that its practices are relatively recent and they question our relationship with death and dying individuals.
this study aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about pch with the elderly.
nineteen participants from two local community services centers were interviewed and six multidisciplinary meetings were attended for observation.
however , standardization of practices seems to contribute to institutional exclusion and foster nonrecognition.
physical activity has been linked to positive health outcomes for frail seniors.
however , our understanding of factors that influence the physical activity of residents in the long-term care ( ltc ) setting is limited.
this article describes our work with focus groups , one component of a multi-component study that examined factors influencing the physical activity of ltc residents.
residents , significant others , and staff from nine ltc facilities participated in these focus groups.
all participants considered physical activity important to health preservation.
individual , structural , and environmental factors affected the quantity and quality of physical activity accessed by residents.
these findings confirm the need to develop practical strategies and ways to address modifiable barriers and embed physical activity into ltc systems of care.
only the results of the key informant interviews are reported here.
these findings have significant implications for care delivery and future program planning in caring for residents with special needs.
above all , we can conclude that client-centered care results in positive outcomes for residents and family members.
this research investigated how rurality affects the implementation of patient classification in ontario long-term care homes.
methods involved interviews and focus groups with front-line long-term care workers , administrators , and key participants.
these factors shape the labor market and working conditions for rural women.
an aging population is best served by social , personal , and health support focused on maintaining and maximizing personal independence.
the internet affords numerous opportunities for individuals of all ages to communicate , access information , and engage in recreational activities.
significant correlations emerged between the three clusters of measured variables.
controlling for demographic differences , internet use and self-efficacy remained significantly related.
the aim of this exploratory study was to better understand interpersonal communication between frail elders and caregivers in the context of long-term care giving.
a total of @number@ semi-structured interviews were conducted among elders and caregivers of a quebec long-term care facility.
finally , results of the content analysis also suggest that implicit ageism is indeed reflected in interpersonal communication between frail elders and caregivers.
background : dizziness is a common symptom in older adults.
the majority of those with dizziness tend to have more than one risk factor , suggesting that dizziness is a multifactorial geriatric condition.
therefore , associated factors must be determined to permit risk-reduction approaches.
design : population-based cross-sectional study.
measurements : outcome measures included self-reporting of dizziness as a symptom experienced either very frequently or continuously during the last month.
results : dizziness was reported by @percent@ of participants in the study.
variables independently associated with dizziness were : number of chronic conditions , visual impairment , and use of more than four medications.
independently associated psychological variables were : poor self-perceived health , cognitive impairment and depression.
health and psychological factors accounted for @percent@ of dizziness.
biomedical and psychological factors showed a strong independent association with dizziness.
a multifactorial intervention targeting the identified factors would reduce dizziness in older people.
however , this approach may need to address different sets of specific factors related to the dizziness categories.
objectives : to investigate the relationships between previous diet , biomarkers of selected b vitamins , nutritional status and length of stay.
design : cross sectional study.
setting : geriatric rehabilitation patients , sydney , australia.
participants : fifty two consenting patients with normal serum creatinine levels and no dementia.
length of stay data were collected from medical records after discharge.
deficiencies of vitamins b6 , b12 and folate were found in @number@ @number@ and @number@ subjects respectively.
this is concerning as b vitamin status is rarely fully assessed.
aim : to find a screening test able to differentiate cri from the decrease in gfr normally associated with the renal ageing process.
data were assessed and statistically analysed using logistic regression techniques.
from the discriminative variables it was derived the huge formula.
if l is a negative number the individual does not have cri ; if l is a positive number , cri is present.
our data demonstrate that the huge formula is more reliable than mdrd and ckd-epi , particularly in persons aged over @number@
design : analyses of nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys , the health survey for england ( hse ) .
participants : non-institutionalised men and women aged ≥ @number@ years ( in hse @number@ @number@ men and @number@ women ) .
measurements : height , weight , waist circumference , blood pressure measurements were taken according to standardised hse protocols.
information collected on socio-demographic , health behaviour and doctor diagnosed health conditions.
results : generalised obesity and abdominal obesity increased among men and women from @number@ to @number@
in @number@ the hse @number@ focussed on older people.
@percent@ of men and @percent@ of women aged over @number@ were either overweight or obese.
prevalence of raised wc was higher in women ( @percent@ ) than in men ( @percent@ ) .
the prevalence of diabetes and arthritis was higher in people with generalised obesity in both sexes.
the pattern was similar for the prevalence of chronic diseases by raised wc.
multivariate analysis showed that generalised and abdominal obesity was independently associated with risk of hypertension , diabetes and arthritis in both men and women.
treatment strategies to address these conditions such as weight management and prevention of overweight and obesity are important even in older people.
there is a need to ensure that older people are given appropriate advice about keeping physically active and eating sensibly.
objectives : leucine-rich milk and whey proteins have been suggested for prevention of age related loss of muscle mass and strength i.e. sarcopenia.
the effects of milk protein supplementation and low intensity home based physical exercise on body composition and muscle functions were investigated.
design : a randomized double blind crossover trial.
setting : community dwelling members of helsinki rheumatoid association.
participants : older people ( n = 47 , mean age @number@ years ) suffering from polymyalgia rheumatica.
the 8-week intervention periods were separated by a 4-week wash-out.
results : the 16-week home-based post-exercise supplementation resulted in a @percent@ increase ( p = @number@ ) in lower limb muscle mass.
walking speed ( @percent@ , p = @number@ ) and chair stand test performance ( @number@ % , p < @number@ ) were also improved.
furthermore , a tendency for increased jump power ( @percent@ , p = @number@ ) was observed.
decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense has been hypothesized as one mechanism by which caloric restriction ( cr ) increases longevity in animals.
all food was provided to participants for @number@ mo.
no significant change was observed in other plasma antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and catalase.
few studies have used acceptable designs for testing treatment effects , sample sizes or primary outcomes that could provide interpretable findings or effects across studies.
objectives : to examine whether improved diabetes control is related to better cognitive outcomes.
design : randomized control trial.
setting : a randomized trial of telemedicine vs. usual care in elderly persons with type @number@ diabetes.
participants : participants were @number@ persons @number@ years and older with type @number@ diabetes from new york city and upstate new york.
global cognition was measured at those visits with the comprehensive assessment and referral evaluation ( care ) .
result : in mixed models the intervention was related to slower global cognitive decline in the intervention group ( p = @number@ ) .
improvements in hba1c ( p = @number@ ) , but not sbp or ldl , mediated the effect of the intervention on cognitive decline.
conclusion : improved diabetes control in the elderly following existing guidelines through a telemedicine intervention was associated with less global cognitive decline.
the main mediator of this effect seemed to be improvements in hba1c.
background : the prevention and treatment of diseases related to changes in body composition require accurate methods for the measurement of body composition.
however , few studies have dealt specifically with the assessment of body composition of undernourished older subjects by different methodologies.
participants : forty-one male volunteers aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the groups were selected on the basis of anamnesis , physical examination and nutritional assessment according to the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) score.
body composition was assessed by dxa and bia.
conclusion : our results suggest caution when bia is to be applied in studies including undernourished older subjects.
this study does not support bia as an accurate method for the individual assessment of body composition.
design : cross-sectional , nonrandomized study.
setting : outpatient clinic in taiwan.
participants : sixty-nine elderly subjects ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ and older.
mri-measured muscle volume of both thighs was used as the reference standard.
conclusion : the current work provides evidence of a strong relationship between thigh muscle volume and physical function in the elderly.
we also developed a prediction equation model using anthropometric measurements.
this model is a simple and noninvasive method for everyday clinical practice and follow-up.
objective : to study the effect of age on the association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed in older people.
linear regression models were used to study the effect of age on association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed.
conclusion : association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed was strongest between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years.
approximately @number@ deaths due to drowning are reported annually , @number@ of which are reported in europe.
because of the relatively low incidence of drowning victims at emergency departments , most emergency physicians do not routinely handle drowning victims.
this article presents an overview of the classification , pathophysiology , emergency-department treatment and prognostic outcomes of drowning accidents.
current trends indicate that widespread participation in organized youth sports is occurring at a younger age , especially in girls.
fall-related deaths among the older adult segment of the population constitute a growing public health concern that is largely preventable.
one particularly effective intervention strategy that has been identified is exercise , whether individually prescribed or conducted in group-based settings.
the fidelity of the program also has been maintained by implementing an instructor certification program and standardizing program content and delivery.
purpose : to study and analyze astigmatism and its characteristics in a cross-sectional study of schoolchildren from dezful , iran.
methods : in a cross-sectional study using random cluster sampling on @number@ schools in dezful ( clusters ) , @number@ clusters were selected.
the study was conducted after coordinating with schools and obtaining written consent from students ' parents.
cycloplegic refraction was done for primary and junior high school students and non-cycloplegic refraction was done for high school students.
astigmatism was defined as the cylinder power of @number@ diopter ( d ) or more.
results : of @number@ selected students , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participated in the study.
the prevalence of astigmatism was @time@ % ( @percent@ confidence interval : @number@ to @time@ ) and was not significantly related to age and gender.
those with high values of spherical error had high values of cylindrical error , as well.
mean sphere in wtr , atr , and oblique astigmatism was @number@ @number@ and @number@ d , respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
the highest values of spherical refractive error were observed in wtr astigmatism group.
conclusions : the prevalence of atr astigmatism was high in this study.
astigmatism was found to have a strong correlation with myopia , although individuals with high hyperopia also had high astigmatism.
individuals with high ametropia mostly had wtr astigmatism although the percentage of atr astigmatism was high in those with low ametropia.
no has been found to induce cognitive behaviour in experimental animals.
in addition , our studies revealed that the suboptimal maternal diet amplifies the age-associated epigenetic silencing of this locus.
older people reaching end-of-life status are particularly at risk from inter-related adverse effects of pharmacotherapy , including polypharmacy , inappropriate medications and adverse drug events.
these adverse effects of pharmacotherapy may be highly detrimental , as well as highly expensive.
end-of-life pharmacotherapy is sometimes perceived to be complex and challenging , probably unnecessarily.
this relates in part to the poorly developed evidence base and lack of high-quality research in this area.
nuclear medicine has an important role in the care of newborns and children less than @number@ y old.
patients in this age group present with a spectrum of diseases different from those of older children or adults.
these patients can benefit from the full range of nuclear medicine studies.
the review then will discuss the specific nuclear medicine studies that typically are obtained in patients in this age group.
with extra care and attention to the special needs of this population , nuclear medicine departments can successfully study patients less than @number@ y old.
therefore , it is important to know both the extent and limitations of this association.
high-molecular-weight dna was isolated from full fresh blood ( newcastle ) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples ( leiden ) .
telomere length was measured as abundance of telomeric template versus a single gene by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
anaemia was defined according to world health organization criteria.
telomere length also did not correlate with any other haematological parameter in both men and women.
the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway ( hbp ) regulates the post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein by o-linked n-acetylglucosamine ( o-glcnac ) .
numerous studies have demonstrated increased flux through this pathway contributes to the development of β-cell dysfunction.
the effect of decreased o-glcnac on the maintenance of normal β-cell function , however , is not well understood.
in older ( 8-9-month-old ) o-glcnacase transgenic mice glucose tolerance is no longer impaired.
this is associated with increased serum insulin , islet insulin content , and insulin mrna in the o-glcnacase transgenic mice.
conversely , processes linked to normal aging , such as the increase in oxidative stress , might be relevant to the pathogenic mechanisms of hgps.
remarkably , progerin is also present in normal cells and appears to progressively accumulate during aging of non-hgps cells.
therefore , understanding how this mutant form of lamin a provokes hgps may shed significant insight into physiological aging.
apoptosis and proliferation are the principal podocyte changes following injury with the latter leading to sclerosis and loss of nephrons.
podocyturia may be considered a marker of active glomerular disease.
thus podocytes appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis , evaluation and therapy of age related glomerulosclerosis.
recent studies show that n-3 pufas display neuroprotective properties and exert beneficial effects on the cognitive function with aging.
the brain's need of n-3 pufas is predominantly met by the blood delivery due to their limited synthesis in the brain.
the present review focuses on the metabolism of n-3 pufas in the brain , including their accumulation and turnover.
the thymus is an excellent example of the connection between cellular organization and organ function.
proper thymic organization is essential to the optimal production of a functional t cell repertoire.
despite loneliness is one of the main indicators of well-being , little attention has been paid to understanding loneliness among immigrant older adults.
this study utilizes both survey questionnaires and semi-structured focus group methods to investigate the feelings of loneliness among u.s. chinese older adults.
it was frequently identified through emotional isolation and social isolation.
social , psychological and physical health factors could contribute to the experience of loneliness.
this study has implications for healthcare professionals , social services agencies and policy makers.
our findings point to the needs for healthcare professionals to be more alert of the association of loneliness and adverse health outcomes.
dementia is a growing concern due to the aging process of the western societies.
non-invasive detection is therefore a high priority research endeavor.
this feature extraction process is specific for each kind of disease and is grounded on the findings obtained by medical experts.
background : mitochondria are the major source of oxidative stress.
we have reported that molecular hydrogen has potential as an effective antioxidant for medical applications [ ohsawa et al. , nat.
med.
@number@ ( @number@ ) 688-694 ] .
scope of review : we review the recent progress toward therapeutic and preventive applications of hydrogen.
based on this cumulative knowledge , the beneficial biological effects of hydrogen have been confirmed.
preliminary clinical trials show that drinking hydrogen-dissolved water seems to improve the pathology of mitochondrial disorders.
general significance : hydrogen is a novel antioxidant with great potential for actual medical applications.
this article is part of a special issue entitled biochemistry of mitochondria.
previous literature has reported a wide range of anatomical correlates when participants are required to perform a visuomotor adaptation task.
however , traditional adaptation tasks suffer a number of inherent limitations that may , in part , give rise to this variability.
for instance , the sparse visual environment does not map well onto conditions in which a visuomotor transformation would normally be required in everyday life.
the viewing window task more naturally replicates scenarios in which haptic and visual information would be combined to achieve a higher-level goal.
design and setting : prospective observational study conducted in @number@ acute care medical wards throughout italy.
participants : five hundred six patients aged @number@ years or older consecutively admitted to participating wards.
measurements : the outcome of the study was the occurrence of any adverse drug reactions during the hospital stay.
the relationship between risk factors and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression.
physicians should be aware of this high-risk condition when prescribing new drugs to disabled older people.
exponential models provided a suitable fit and were used to estimate the relevant parameters.
in addition , only @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @percent@ to @percent@ ) of the existing cell population turns over from middle age and onward.
no significant differences in the frequency of tlr2 alleles , genotypes , and haplotypes in the ad cases were detected compared with the controls.
tlr2 gene might not play a major role in the genetic predisposition to late-onset alzheimer's disease in this population.
studies involving diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) with whole-brain voxel-based analysis yielded variable findings.
coordinates were extracted from clusters with significant difference in fa between als patients and hc.
meta-analysis was performed using signed differential mapping.
eight studies were enrolled , comprising @number@ als patients and @number@ hc.
the included studies reported fa reduction at @number@ coordinates in als and no fa increased.
significant reductions were present in the bilateral frontal white matter / cingulate gyrus and the posterior limb of bilateral internal capsule.
the findings remain largely unchanged in quartile and jackknife sensitivity analyses.
sod1 g93d mutation has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) patients with slowly progressive disease.
in this study , we have explored the consequences of ache-ps1 interactions.
ache knockdown with sirna also decreased ps1 levels , while ache overexpression exerted opposing effect.
ache-deficient also had decreased ps1.
mice administered with tacrine or donepezil displayed lower levels of brain ps1.
however , sustained ache inhibition failed to exert long-term effect on ps1.
this limited duration of response may be due to ache upregulation caused by chronic inhibition.
finally , we exposed sh-sy5y cells to β-amyloid ( aβ ) 42 which triggered elevation of both ache and ps1 levels.
the aβ42-induced ps1 increase was abolished by sirna ache pretreatment , suggesting that ache may participate in the pathological feedback loop between ps1 and aβ.
our results provide insight into ache-amyloid interrelationships.
differences in frailty between rural and urban older adults have been demonstrated in developed countries.
the fi was generated from @number@ self-reported health deficits.
the mean fi increased exponentially with age ( r ( @number@ ) = 0.87 ) and was higher in women than in men.
the death rate increased significantly with increases in the fi , but women showed a lower death rate than did men.
urban dwellers showed better survival compared with their counterparts in the rural areas.
chinese urban dwellers showed better health and survival than rural dwelling older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : thirty-three patients from @number@ pedigrees with doa harboring heterozygous mutations in the opa1 gene and @number@ healthy subjects were enrolled.
main outcome measures : retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
financial disclosure ( s ) : the author ( s ) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
associations between the cc areas and decline in motor performance and cognitive functions over a 3-year period were analyzed.
unlabelled : brain plasticity refers to the capacity of the nervous system to change its structure and ultimately its function over a lifetime.
there have been major advances in our understanding of the principles of brain plasticity and behavior in laboratory animals and humans.
over the past decade there have been advances in the application of these principles to brain-injured laboratory animals.
to date , there have been few major applications of this knowledge to establish postinjury interventions in humans.
additionally , recent studies have highlighted the role of tissue resident mesenchymal cell populations as playing a central role in regulating regeneration.
these \ "accessory \ " cell populations are proposed to influence myogenesis via direct cell contact and secretion of paracrine trophic factors.
we used event-related fmri to investigate the effect of aging on contextual binding and associated neural activity for words and objects.
behavioral data showed similar age-related deficits in source memory accuracy for both words and objects.
material-dependent binding effects were also present for both groups in ventrolateral prefrontal and parahippocampal cortices for words and objects , respectively.
older adults showed smaller material-independent contextual binding effects in frontal regions , namely the left dorsolateral pfc , and larger binding effects in the hippocampus.
further , age-related declines in object processing effects in extrastriate regions correlated with poorer source accuracy for objects.
collectively , these results suggest that age-related source memory deficits may be primarily due to changes in material-independent contextual binding processes.
however , these impairments may be further impacted by impoverished item representations in material-specific processing regions.
objective : to develop age and sex specific reference intervals of serum lipid parameters in healthy indian children in the age group of 6-17 years.
participants : study subjects were selected from the schools of delhi.
children with bmi either in overweight or obese category were excluded to generate reference intervals.
the final analysis included @number@ children with bmi in normal range for age.
results : the mean±sd , 3rd , 10th , 25th , 50th , 75th , 90th and 97th centile values of lipid parameters are presented.
all these parameters were significantly higher in girls than in boys.
about @percent@ subjects had total cholesterol in acceptable range while @percent@ had borderline elevated and @percent@ had elevated tc.
optimal serum triglyceride levels were seen in @percent@ subjects while optimal levels of hdl cholesterol were seen in @percent@ subjects only.
conclusions : reference intervals of serum lipid parameters for healthy indian children ( 6-17 years ) are presented.
recently , the cardio-ankle vascular index ( cavi ) has been reported to be a highly reproducible arterial stiffness parameter in osa patients.
however , the change in cavi that occurs following long-term cpap treatment for osa remains unclear.
methods : patients with moderate-to-severe osa were enrolled.
factors associated with δcavi ( @number@ ) and δcavi ( @number@ ) were determined by multivariable regression analyses.
results : thirty subjects were assessed.
cavi was significantly reduced at @number@ month compared with the baseline from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
background : to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of acute lower limb ischemia in elderly patients.
the primary endpoints were early and midterm rates of survival and limb salvage.
methods : a retrospective analysis involving @number@ consecutive patients observed for acute lower limb ischemia between @date@ and @date@ who underwent revascularization was conducted.
the only factor that negatively influences the survival rate is the 2b clinical category of acute ischemia , regardless of the age of the patient.
emergency medical services ( ems ) received an increasing number of calls for patients aged @number@ and older.
characteristics of patients , including previous health status and functional dependence , were recorded on-the scene by the attending physician.
three-month mortality was recorded , as well as adl score.
data are expressed as mean values±standard deviations , medians and interquartile ranges ( iqrs ) , and percentages and compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.
p < 0.05 was considered the threshold for significance.
five hundred twenty-three patients were included.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@
median adl index was @number@ ( iqr 0-9 ) , and @percent@ of patients were living at home.
the development and daily use of tools for rapid assessment of autonomy should enable practitioners to innovate and thus , adapt their management.
a prolonged and widespread process of repair and reorganization of surviving neural circuits is instigated by injury to the adult brain.
when experience impacts these same neural circuits , it interacts with degenerative and regenerative cascades to shape neural reorganization and functional outcome.
this is evident in the cortical plasticity resulting from compensatory reliance on the \ "good \ " forelimb in rats with unilateral sensorimotor cortical infarcts.
behavioral interventions ( e.g. , rehabilitative training ) can drive functionally beneficial neural reorganization in the injured hemisphere.
however , experience can have both behaviorally beneficial and detrimental effects.
the interactions between experience-dependent and injury-induced neural plasticity are complex , time-dependent , and varied with age and other factors.
a better understanding of these interactions is needed to understand how to optimize brain remodeling and functional outcome.
only a few data are available on kidney transplantation waiting list patients.
the aim of this study was to investigate solid organ cancer incidence among subjects on the waiting list at a single center.
we estimated the ratio of observed to expected numbers of cancers , the standardized incidence ratio ( sir ) .
results : among @number@ patients , we excluded @number@ patients from the waiting list including @number@ ( @percent@ ) who displayed malignancies.
the overall incidence of cancer was @number@ events / person-months and the overall prevalence of cancer was @percent@.
in @percent@ of patients , the malignant disease was confined to the primitive organ of origin without secondary dissemination.
we observed a prevalence of cancers related to eskd ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
the sir for all cancer types in our population compared with the general population was @number@
the sir for native kidney and thyroid cancers among our population compared with the general population was > 10.
conclusion : the incidence of cancer was significantly increased among kidney transplantation waiting list patients compared with the general population.
our study highlighted the importance of a careful , targeted neoplastic screening.
it could be particularly important for eskd-related malignancies like native kidney tumors or thyroid cancers.
prior research suggests that individuals with particular personality traits , like negative emotionality , are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes.
in the community-based vietnam era twin study of aging , @number@ male twins completed two days of cortisol saliva sampling in their natural environments.
three measures of cortisol were analyzed : waking levels , the cortisol awakening response , and the peak to bed slope.
depressive symptoms significantly mediated the associations between negative emotionality and the peak to bed slope.
a 2-way interaction between depressive symptoms and negative emotionality was significant for the peak to bed slope and for waking levels of cortisol.
negative emotionality and depressive symptoms were not related to the cortisol awakening response.
this is the first study to find indirect associations between negative emotionality and peak to bed cortisol slopes through depressive symptoms.
these findings illustrate the complex interplay between personality characteristics , depressive symptoms and different indices of the cortisol diurnal rhythm.
background : curcumin is known to possess many anti-tumor properties such as inhibition of tumor growth and induction of apotosis.
however , limited bioavailability of curcumin prevents its clinical application.
go-y078 inhibits nf-κb transactivation , as well as expression of tp53 and dr5 more effectively than curcumin.
in a mouse model , go-y078 presented @number@ fold more survival elongation that was not achieved by curcumin and go-y030.
conclusions : the @number@ , 5-diaryl-3-oxo-1 , 4-pentadiene analogs can yield good lead compounds for cancer chemotherapy , to overcome low bioavailability of curcumin.
despite the differences between the static and dynamic approaches , a key consideration for both is the sensitivity of the models to the input parameters.
objective : epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between midlife metabolism and old age cognition.
design : midlife variables of @number@ twin individuals were based on postal questionnaires and registry records.
old age cognitive status was measured by using a validated telephone interview.
similarly , overweight increased the risk for categories of mild impairment of cognitive function and likely dementia.
cardiovascular disease diminished the mean cognitive score also among discordant twin pairs ( β-estimate = 1.10 , p-value = @number@ ) .
conclusions : midlife metabolic diseases , especially diabetes , are independently associated with impaired cognition in old age.
even a more subtle weight change than suggested previously was associated with lower old age cognition.
this is rare and no other reports have been published ; hence , further such cases need to be highlighted.
conclusions : this report expands on previous phenotypical descriptions attempting to further develop and refine this possible diagnostic entity.
literature on responsibility of adult children for aging parents reflects lack of conceptual clarity.
we examined filial concepts across five cultural groups : african- , asian- , euro- , latino- , and native americans.
data were randomly divided for scale development ( n = @number@ ) and cross-validation ( n = @number@ ) .
exploratory factor analysis on @number@ items identified three filial concepts : responsibility , respect , and care.
the scale can be used in cross-cultural research to test hypotheses that predict associations among filial values , filial caregiving , and caregiver health outcomes.
first we compared the inm volume and number of gal-ir neurons of @number@ males and @number@ females in the course of aging.
organizational and activational hormone effects on the inm are discussed.
the specific amount of physical activity necessary for good health remains unclear.
to date , longevity studies of elite athletes have been relatively sparse and the results are somewhat conflicting.
consequently we set out to determine the longevity of the participants in the tour de france , compared with that of the general population.
dates of birth and death of the cyclists were obtained on @date@ .
we found a very significant increase in average longevity ( @percent@ ) of the cyclists when compared with the general population.
the age at which @percent@ of the general population died was @number@ vs. @number@ years in tour de france participants.
our major finding is that repeated very intense exercise prolongs life span in well trained practitioners.
our findings underpin the importance of exercising without the fear that becoming exhausted might be bad for one's health.
introduction : sclerostin , produced by osteocytes , is a potent inhibitor of wnt signaling and bone formation.
results : serum sclerostin levels were higher in boys as compared to girls and declined in both sexes following the onset of puberty.
there was no consistent relationship between sclerostin levels and trabecular bone parameters in either sex.
bone turnover markers were positively correlated with serum sclerostin levels in both sexes.
serum sclerostin levels are associated with cortical porosity , suggesting that changes in sclerostin production during growth may play a role in defining cortical structure.
the genetic correlation among the ps measures was strongest for ds and tmta , and between the ps measures and gca was strongest for ds.
purpose : the number of women attempting to conceive between the ages of @number@ and @number@ has increased significantly in the last decade.
apart from oocyte donation , there is no known intervention to improve the pregnancy outcome of older patients.
the aim of this paper was the review the relevant data on the potential role of mitochondria in reproductive aging.
method : review of current literature on the subject.
results : we present the current evidence that associate mitochondrial dysfunction with age related decrease in female reproductive outcome.
conclusions : the aging process is complex , driven by a multitude of factors thought to modulate cellular and organism life span.
although the factors responsible for diminished oocyte quality remain to be elucidated , the present review focuses on the potential role of impaired mitochondrial function.
we previously reported that in healthy mouse cerebral arteries , endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( enos ) produces h₂o₂ , leading to endothelium-dependent dilation.
in contrast , thromboxane a₂ ( txa₂ ) , a potent pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory endogenous vasoconstrictor , is associated with enos dysfunction.
three-m / o atx mice were treated with the cardio-protective polyphenol catechin for @number@ months.
dilations to ach and the simultaneous enos-derived h₂o₂ production were recorded in isolated pressurized cerebral arteries.
in addition , the non-selective nadp ( h ) oxidase inhibitor apocynin improved the enos-h₂o₂ pathway only in 12-m / o atx mice.
in conclusion , the age-dependent cerebral endothelial dysfunction is precocious in dyslipidemia and involves txa₂ production that limits enos activity.
preventive catechin treatment reduced the impact of endogenous txa₂ on the control of cerebral tone and maintained enos function.
in the last decades , the participation of elderly trained people in endurance events such as marathon running has dramatically increased.
previous studies suggested that the performance of master runners ( > 40 years ) during marathon running has improved.
gender differences in performance times were analyzed for the top @number@ male and female runners between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
the participation of master runners increased during the 1980-2009 period , to a greater extent for females compared to males.
gender differences in running times decreased over the last three decades but remained relatively stable across the ages during the last decade.
cataract development had early onset more frequently in cases of psc followed by cc and nc.
of the @number@ patients , one with nuclear cataract showed homozygosity and the remaining five showed heterozygosity for the substitution.
of the control samples showed this variation.
we investigated the independent association of tobacco smoke exposure at various pre- and postnatal periods and overweight at age @number@
a total of @number@ children attending the 2001-2002 school entrance health examination in the city of aachen , germany , were included into this study.
height and weight were measured , bmi was calculated.
tobacco smoke exposure at various periods , other lifestyle and sociodemographic factors were ascertained by questionnaire.
multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco smoke exposure and overweight.
prevalence of overweight was @percent@.
significant positive associations were found with maternal smoking before and during pregnancy and during the first and sixth year of life.
exposure to tobacco smoke during the first years of life appears to be a key risk factor for development of childhood overweight.
the demand for elective and emergency surgery by older patients is increasing.
this review examines the current practice of preoperative evaluation in geriatric anesthesia and provides an overview of new insights in this field.
preoperative anesthesia consultation is essential to examine the patient , evaluate the operative risk and plan preventive perioperative actions.
chronological age probably represents an independent risk factor.
age should not be considered an exclusion criterion from surgery per se.
more than @percent@ of patients over @number@ years old suffer from one infirmity , and @percent@ suffer from two or more infirmities.
hypertension is the most common disease , followed by coronary artery disease , diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
aging processes , illnesses , malnutrition , difficulties in communication and comprehension , psychological alterations and social needs may coexist and overlap.
changes in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics induced by aging make elderly patients very sensitive to drugs , especially those administered perioperatively.
drug underuse , misuse and abuse are described , together with criteria to manage perioperative medications.
disability , dementia and frailty are risk factors for adverse outcomes and delirium after surgery.
traditional anesthesia consultation captures only a small portion of the necessary information , especially about functional status and frailty.
although the association between older age and surgical complications is well known , most anesthetists and surgeons do not measure physical and cognitive function preoperatively.
extending anesthesia consultation to functional status provides useful information for preoperative counseling and planning of postoperative care.
a strong joint action with the surgical team is essential.
creating a new culture and developing appropriate clinical , scientific and relational approaches to these patients represent the core of the challenge.
background : recognition of familiar music depends on several levels of processing.
there are few studies about how patients with dementia recognize familiar music.
results : there were no group differences on pitch and melody discrimination tasks.
naming familiar melodies , but not other music tasks , was strongly related to measures of semantic memory.
indications and methods , as well as the results of plastic surgical treatment , seem varied.
to better understand and operate on this challenging group of patients , the authors evaluated the surgical experience of their department.
methods : from the surgical database , all patients operated on in the authors ' department for gelsolin amyloidosis from @number@ to @number@ were included.
disease severity was evaluated , together with data on the course of surgery , complications , and results.
the buccal branch was affected in @number@ percent.
postoperative complications were observed in @number@ percent and minor complaints in @number@ percent.
two-thirds , however , seemed satisfied with the results.
the majority required reoperations.
conclusions : operative treatment of gelsolin amyloidosis is symptomatic.
due to relentless disease progression , a good functional and aesthetic result seems to require selected techniques and repeated surgery.
recognizing this underdiagnosed syndrome is essential.
objectives : masked hypertension is associated with metabolic risks and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
the purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of and risk factors of masked hypertension in korean workers.
methods : the study was conducted among @number@ employees at a hotel in gyeongju , korea , from @date@ to @date@ .
we measured blood pressure ( bp ) both in the clinic and using 24-hour ambulatory bp monitors for all subjects.
results : the frequency of masked hypertension in our study group was @percent@.
conclusions : the frequency of masked hypertension was high in our study sample.
detection and management of masked hypertension , a known strong predictor of cardiovascular risk , could improve prognosis for at-risk populations.
calcific aortic valve stenosis ( cavs ) is a major health problem facing aging societies.
the identification of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells in human tissue has led to a major paradigm shift in the field.
cavs was thought to be a passive , degenerative process , whereas now the progression of calcification in cavs is considered to be actively regulated.
high-resolution echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have emerged as useful tools for testing the efficacy of pharmacological and genetic interventions in vivo.
vascular calcification increasingly afflicts our aging , dysmetabolic population.
objective : we examined how family support influenced the use of health services among older chinese adults.
method : data came from a national representative survey including @number@ respondents aged @number@ and older.
the dependent variable was the number of physician visits in the past @number@ months.
family support variables include living arrangement , family size , financial support , instrumental support , and filial piety.
results : providing or receiving financial support increased the likelihood as well as number of physician visits.
by contrast , living with children and regarding children as filial decreased physician visits.
living with children may indicate a higher level of support , which substitutes some of physician services.
perceiving children as being filial may render psychological protective effects to older adults which results in less health service use.
transfer function method was used to estimate cerebrovascular impedance.
under supine resting conditions , cbf velocity was reduced in the elderly despite the fact that they had higher arterial pressure than young subjects.
as expected , cerebrovascular resistance index was increased in the elderly.
in both young and elderly subjects , impedance modulus was reduced gradually in the frequency range of @number@.78-8 hz.
phase was negative in the range of @number@.78-4.3 hz and fluctuated at high frequencies.
moreover , increases in impedance were correlated with reductions in cbf velocity.
collectively , these findings demonstrate the feasibility of assessing cerebrovascular impedance using the noninvasive method developed in this study.
the estimated impedance modulus and phase are similar to those observed in the systemic circulation and other vascular beds.
methods : mice with mutations in both hps1 / pale ear and hps2 / ap3b1 / pearl ( eppe mice ) were studied longitudinally.
isolated alveolar epithelial cells were examined for expression of inflammatory mediators , and chemotaxis assays were used to assess their importance.
pulmonary function test results and bal from patients with hps1 and normal volunteers were examined for clinical correlation.
measurements and main results : eppe mice develop increased total lung phospholipid , followed by a macrophage-predominant pulmonary inflammation , and lung remodeling including fibrosis.
bal fluid from eppe animals exhibited early accumulation of both sp-d and s-nitrosylated sp-d.
bal fluid from patients with hps1 exhibited similar changes in sp-d that correlated inversely with pulmonary function.
alveolar epithelial cells demonstrated expression of both monocyte chemotactic protein ( mcp ) -1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in juvenile eppe mice.
last , bal from eppe mice and patients with hps1 enhanced migration of raw267.4 cells , which was attenuated by immunodepletion of sp-d and mcp-1.
conclusions : inflammation is initiated from the abnormal alveolar epithelial cells in hps , and s-nitrosylated sp-d plays a significant role in amplifying pulmonary inflammation.
age-related declines in source memory have been observed for various stimuli and associated details.
using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging , we investigate the effects of aging on source memory and associated neural activity for words and objects.
source accuracy was equally impaired in older adults for both materials.
age-related decreases in material-independent activity linked to postretrieval monitoring were observed in right lateral pfc.
in addition to group differences in material-independent regions , age-related crossover interactions for material-dependent source memory effects were observed in regions selectively engaged by objects.
objective : to examine the relationship between combined lifestyle behaviours and quality-adjusted life years ( qalys ) in a general population.
short-form six-dimension ( sf-6d ) health utility index scores were derived from the sf-36.
qalys were estimated up to follow-up ( @date@ ) .
results : a total of @number@ men and women were eligible to be included in the study ( aged 40-79 years at baseline ) .
a total of @number@ people were alive at follow-up ( @number@ @number@ person-years ) .
mean follow-up period was ∼11.5 years.
@number@ ( @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women ) died.
people with higher scores had significantly higher qalys.
conclusion : our findings support the view that modifiable lifestyle factors are an important component in health improvement.
this review assessed the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) for such people.
methods : standard bibliographic databases were searched for high-quality randomised controlled trials ( rcts ) of cga in this setting.
when appropriate , intervention effects were presented as rate ratios with @percent@ confidence intervals.
results : five trials of sufficient quality were included.
conclusions : there is no clear evidence of benefit for cga interventions in frail older people being discharged from emergency departments or acute medical units.
however , few such trials have been carried out and their overall quality was poor.
further well designed trials are justified.
background : older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) are at higher risk for developing alzheimer disease.
methods : physical performance speed on gait and mobility tasks was measured via usual gait speed and the tug ( at fast pace ) .
executive function was measured with the tmt-b and stroop-interference measures.
all associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for age , sex , depressive symptoms , medical comorbidity , and body mass index.
limitations : the cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow for inferences of causation.
further research is needed to determine mechanisms and early intervention strategies to slow functional decline.
background : during senescence , despite the loss of strength ( force-generating capability ) associated with sarcopenia , muscle endurance may improve for isometric contractions.
out of @number@ potential studies , @number@ publications ( with @number@ distinct effect size data points ) met all inclusion criteria.
however , this age-related difference was present only for sustained and intermittent isometric contractions , whereas this age-related advantage was lost for dynamic tasks.
when controlling for contraction type , the additional modifiers played minor roles.
identifying muscle endurance capabilities in the older adult may provide an avenue to improve functional capabilities , despite a clearly established decrement in peak torque.
the global population is ageing.
elderly people suffer from more severe infections than younger persons.
the major reason for the increased susceptibility to infections in the elderly is the deregulated functions of the immune system.
immunosenescence affects both innate and adaptive immune reactions.
among these , quantitative alterations of b lymphocyte subsets determine outcome of infections and vaccination.
the overall number of b cells seems to be stable or the decrease is moderate.
reduced input of naive b lymphocytes is compensated by anergic , exhausted memory cells.
concerning b lymphocyte subsets , experimental data obtained in the mouse model and in vivo studies conducted in old-age humans are frequently controversial.
further analysis of human b lymphocyte subpopulations is required that could be regarded as an important biomarker of human life span.
method : this study uses the data from the \ "survey of health and living status of the elderly in taiwan \ ".
a total of @number@ elderly taiwanese , aged @number@ and over , completed four survey modules.
result : the results showed that a rising trajectory of depressive symptoms came about for both taiwan elderly male and female over ten years.
we also found that in the trajectories of depressive symptoms between elderly male and female across four waves of data , the results were heterogeneous.
conclusion : these findings demonstrated that the final depressive symptoms of the elderly would differ from the elderly with developmentally different depressive related factors.
the findings also highlighted the developmental trajectories of depressive symptom in terms of their related factors in the elderly.
this so-called anorexia of aging predisposes elderly people to continued pathologic weight loss and malnutrition-major causes of morbidity and mortality.
health care professionals must understand the many factors involved in the anorexia of aging to help older adults prevent unintentional weight loss.
monoamines , steroid hormones ( glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids ) , endocannabinoids , and proteins all influence body weight.
background : it is not known whether salt intake decreases over time in the same population.
methods : data were collected as part of the national institute for longevity sciences longitudinal study of aging.
each study wave was conducted for @number@ years ; in individuals , the entire follow-up period was @number@ years.
salt and energy intake were calculated from 3-day diet records with photographs.
the mixed-effects regression model was used for analysis of repeated measures of salt intake.
mean energy intake decreased in men and women in all age groups from the first to fifth study waves.
eight-year longitudinal data showed that salt intake decreased in men.
for women , mean salt intake decreased @number@ g / year among 70- to 79-year-olds ( p = @number@ ) .
an increased focus on reducing energy intake resulted in only a modest decrease in salt intake.
although we observed a decline , salt intake still exceeded recommended levels.
efforts that focus on salt reduction are needed to address this important public health problem.
in young adult humans and animals this process is homeostatic with no net gain or loss of bone mass.
with natural aging and exacerbated by numerous pathological conditions , bone removal exceeds bone formation , disrupting homeostasis and resulting in bone loss.
bone fractures can be devastating with significant morbidity and mortality.
consequently , dysregulated skeletal renewal and bone loss is a common feature of inflammatory conditions associated with immune activation.
disruptions to the immuno-skeletal interface drive skeletal deterioration contributing to a high rate of bone fracture in hiv infection.
sdhc is a subunit of mitochondrial complex ii.
recently , we established tet-mev-1 conditional transgenic mice using our uniquely developed tet-on / off system , which equilibrates transgene expression to endogenous levels.
these mice experienced mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction that resulted in o ( @number@ ) ( - ) overproduction.
the mitochondrial oxidative stress caused excessive apoptosis leading to low birth weight and growth retardation in the neonatal developmental phase in tet-mev-1 mice.
here , we briefly describe the relationships between mitochondrial o ( @number@ ) ( - ) and aging phenomena in mev-1 animal models.
[ bmb reports @number@ 44 ( @number@ ) : 298-305 ] .
aging is one of the most complicated biological processes in all species.
a number of different model organisms from yeast to monkeys have been studied to understand the aging process.
parallel to genetic approaches , genome-wide approaches have provided valuable insights for the understanding of molecular mechanisms occurring during aging.
here , current global gene expression profiling studies on normal aging and age-related genetic / environmental interventions in widely-used model organisms are briefly reviewed.
genetic inactivation of dlp1 completely blocks mpp ( + ) -induced mitochondrial fragmentation.
cellular senescence is an age-associated phenomenon that promotes tumor invasiveness owing to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines , proteases , and growth factors.
aged mice had increased lung inflammation as determined by cytokine analysis and histopathology of lung sections.
aged mice were found to be highly susceptible to pneumococcal challenge in a psrp , the pneumococcal adhesin that binds k10 , dependent manner.
in vitro senescent a549 lung epithelial cells had elevated k10 and lr protein levels and were up to 5-fold more permissive for bacterial adhesion.
additionally , exposure of normal cells to conditioned media from senescent cells doubled pafr levels and pneumococcal adherence.
this study is the first to suggest a second negative consequence for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
we previously reported that skin surface electrical potential might be a good parameter of skin pathophysiology.
we also measured trans-epidermal water loss ( tewl ) in the same groups.
the skin surface electrical potential was significantly increased after sodium dodecyl sulphate treatment , and the alteration was much more marked than that of tewl.
these results suggest that skin surface electrical potential may be a good indicator of the pathophysiological state of the living layer of epidermis.
loss of skeletal tissue as a consequence of trauma , injury , or disease is a significant cause of morbidity with often wide-ranging socioeconomic impacts.
current approaches to replace or restore significant quantities of lost bone come with substantial limitations and inherent disadvantages that may in themselves cause further disability.
in addition , the spontaneous repair capacity of articular cartilage is limited ; thus , investigation into new cartilage replacement and regeneration techniques are warranted.
iron is universally abundant and no life can exist without it.
however , iron levels should be maintained within a narrow range.
iron deficiency causes anaemia , whereas excessive iron increases cancer risk , presumably by free radical generation.
iron's carcinogenicity has been documented in animal experiments.
surprisingly , these studies have revealed that the homozygous deletion of cdkn2a / 2b is a major hallmark of iron-induced carcinogenesis.
recently , the hormonal regulation of iron metabolism has been elucidated.
iron overload in neurons via the ferroportin block may play a role in alzheimer's disease.
furthermore , a recent epidemiological study reported that iron reduction by phlebotomy was associated with decreased cancer risks in a general population.
methods : a total of @number@ men with advanced or metastatic pca treated with adt were studied.
the prognostic significance of psa nadir and time to psa nadir on pcsm and acm were analysed using kaplan-meier analysis and the cox regression model.
aim : to investigate whether stages of women's life characterized by different levels of e2 influence os.
e2 , follicle-stimulating hormone , and markers of os including hydroperoxides , thiols , uric acid , total and residual antioxidant power , were assessed.
no significant correlations between e2 levels and os markers were detected.
conclusions : endogen e2 , and , consequently , its decline during menopausal transition , is not a determinant factor for os.
social support has a positive influence on cognitive functioning and buffers cognitive decline in older adults.
this study examined the relations between social support and executive functioning in middle-aged adults.
hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the hypothesis that different facets of perceived social support influence performance on measures of executive functioning.
in addition , tangible support significantly predicted wcst performance.
this effect has only been found in autobiographical memory studies that used participants who were older than @number@ years of age.
the increased recall of recent events possibly obscures the reminiscence bump in the results of younger participants.
in this study , a model was proposed that removes the increase for recent events from the temporal distribution.
the model was examined with three simulated data sets and one experimental data set.
the results of the experiment offered two practical examples of how the model could be used to investigate the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories.
introduction : the incidence and treatment of prostate cancer in male renal-transplant patients has not been extensively evaluated.
with the aging of the renal-transplant population , the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer in these patients needs further evaluation.
results : of the @number@ male renal-transplant patients , nine were diagnosed with prostate cancer.
the median age at transplantation was @number@ years , and the median age at the diagnosis of prostate cancer was @number@ years.
twelve skin malignancies occurred in five of the patients with prostate cancer.
our patient population was preferentially treated with radiation therapy rather than radical prostatectomy.
seven of these treated patients are currently being followed and have good control of the disease.
two of the seven patients are on dialysis because of chronic allograft nephropathy.
one patient was lost to follow-up , and one died with extensive metastasis , paraplegia , and renal failure.
conclusions : the incidence of diagnosed prostate cancer in patients with renal transplant will increase because of systematic psa screening.
the recommended current treatment modality depends on the gleason grade , stage , psa levels , and associated comorbid conditions.
a combination of radiation treatment with androgen ablation provides good control of the disease while preserving renal function.
background : physical inactivity plays a central role in the age-related decline in muscle strength , an important component in the process leading to disability.
method : this cross-sectional study includes @number@ participants from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
results : high n was found among @percent@ , low e among @percent@ , and low c among @percent@ of the sample.
facet analyses suggest an important role for the n components of depression and hostility.
physical activity level appears to partly explain some of these associations.
the data in elderly cohort do not confirm previously reported role of ace dd genotype to the development of ht.
moreover , meta-analysis indicated that ace d allele has some selective advantage that contributes to longevity in majority of european populations.
patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) are likely to become physically inactive , because of their motor , mental , and emotional symptoms.
however , specific studies on physical activity in pd are scarce , and results are conflicting.
here , we quantified daily physical activities in a large cohort of pd patients and another large cohort of matched controls.
moreover , we investigated the influence of disease-related factors on daily physical activities in pd patients.
patients were physically less active ; a reduction of @percent@ compared to controls ( @percent@ ci , 10-44% ) .
in this large study , we show that pd patients are about one-third less active compared to controls.
because physical inactivity has many adverse consequences , work is needed to develop safe and enjoyable exercise programs for patients with pd.
interleukin-1β ( il-1β ) is considered to have a role in age-related cognitive decline.
in this study , we examined whether polymorphisms of the il-1β gene also influence cognitive functions in elderly females.
cognitive functions were assessed by the wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised ( wais-r ) in @number@ elderly ( 60 years ) females without dementia.
we selected five tagging polymorphisms from the il-1β gene and examined the associations with the wais-r scores.
no significant associations of rs16944 genotype were found with verbal or performance iq.
these results suggest that il-1β gene variation may have a role in cognitive functions in aging females as well as males.
the pi3k-akt-foxo signaling pathway plays a central role in diverse physiological processes including cellular energy storage , growth , and survival , among others.
as an important effector of this pathway , foxo is involved in versatile activities that protect organisms from stress and aging.
recent studies on mammalian foxo have established a direct role for this transcription factor family in cellular proliferation , oxidative stress response , and tumorigenesis.
the physiological effects of the dietary polyphenol resveratrol are being extensively studied.
although its positive effects are evident in yeast and mice they still have to be confirmed in humans.
consuming protein following exercise has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis acutely in skeletal muscle and has been recommended to prevent sarcopenia.
it is not known , however , whether acute stimulation persists long term or includes muscle cell division.
we asked here whether consuming protein following exercise during aerobic training increases long-term protein and dna synthesis rates in skeletal muscle of adult humans.
a younger untrained group provided a nonexercising comparison.
participants were administered heavy water ( ²h₂o ; deuterium oxide ) continuously for @number@ wk to isotopically label newly synthesized skeletal muscle proteins and dna.
muscle biopsies were performed after @number@ wk of training.
contrary to acute studies , consuming protein after exercise did not increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates.
in contrast , muscle protein synthesis , dna , and phospholipid synthesis were significantly higher in the older exercise groups than the younger sedentary group.
the higher dna replication rate could not be attributed to mitochondrial dna and may be due to satellite cell activation.
measurements of long-term synthesis rates provide important insights into aging and exercise adaptations.
this study is a contribution to the small existing pool of state level research on advanced practice registered nurse ( aprn ) workforce supply.
survey results were then used to identify patterns or trends that existed in the data.
there was a marked shift in the employment settings and a decrease time worked as an aprn , despite an aging aprn workforce.
there was an increase in the aggregate education level of aprns ; however , the percentage educated at the doctoral level remained flat at @percent@.
implications for workforce planning and public policy are discussed.
ercc1-xpf is a structure-specific endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair , interstrand crosslink repair , and the repair of some double-strand breaks.
this review provides a comprehensive overview of the health impact of ercc1-xpf deficiency , based on these rare diseases and mouse models of them.
this offers an understanding of the tremendous health impact of dna damage derived from environmental and endogenous sources.
background and objective : to determine the association between frailty and mortality , dysfunctionality , falls and hospitalizations in the mexican health and aging study.
frail subjects were considered when they had at least two conditions.
the robust group was considered when they had zero conditions.
pre-frail or intermediate were those with one condition.
mortality , hospitalizations , falls , and functional dependency were evaluated during @number@ ( second wave of the study ) .
there was no association between pre-frailty or frailty with falls.
conclusion : frailty is associated with an increase in the rate of mortality , hospitalizations and dependence in basic activities of daily life.
long-living individuals ( llis ) are used to study exceptional longevity.
this , together with the observed reduction in minor-allele carriers among centenarians , points to a detrimental role for the snp.
in conclusion , prolongevity genes are activated by camkiv , the levels of which are influenced by rs10491334 , a snp associated with human longevity.
ischemic stroke is emerging as a major health problem for elderly women.
women have lower stroke incidence than men until an advanced age , when the epidemiology of ischemic stroke shifts and incidence rises dramatically in women.
experimental models of rodent stroke have replicated this clinical epidemiology , with exacerbated injury in older compared with young female rodents.
this article highlights recent clinical and experimental literature on sex differences in stroke outcomes and mechanisms.
national data from the asia-pacific region suggest that stroke accounts for over @percent@ of female deaths.
however , local data on incidence and risk factors for stroke amongst women are scarce.
data from @number@ women in the asia pacific cohort studies collaboration were thus used to investigate the risk factors for stroke in the region.
raised systolic blood pressure and diabetes were found to be key risk factors for both ischemic ( is ) and hemorrhagic ( hs ) stroke.
smoking was also an important risk factor for is and hs ; risk was reduced by quitting.
such histological sections enable microstructural analyses and anatomical evaluations of functional and structural neuroimaging data , for example , based on magnetic resonance imaging.
the university of geneva brain collection was founded at the beginning of the 20th century.
more than @number@ paraffin-embedded blocks and @number@ histological slides have also been collected since @number@
the large number of cases , including some very rare conditions , provides a unique resource and an opportunity for worldwide collaborations.
areal bone mineral density ( abmd ) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) identifies @percent@ of men who will sustain fragility fractures.
thus we need better fracture predictors in men.
men with vertebral fractures had poor bone microarchitecture.
low d.cort and c.th were associated with higher prevalence of vertebral fractures regardless of abmd.
severe vertebral fractures also were associated with poor trabecular microarchitecture regardless of abmd.
men with peripheral fractures had poor bone microarchitecture.
however , after adjustment for abmd , all microarchitectural parameters became nonsignificant.
in @number@ men with multiple peripheral fractures , trabecular spacing and distribution remained increased after adjustment for abmd.
thus , in men , vertebral fractures and their severity are associated with impaired cortical bone , even after adjustment for abmd.
the association between peripheral fractures and bone microarchitecture was weaker and nonsignificant after adjustment for abmd.
thus bone microarchitecture may be a determinant of bone fragility in men , which should be investigated in prospective studies.
measurement of bone mass , geometry , density , and strength are critical in bone research and clinical studies.
for peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pqct ) , single and repeated measurements are particularly adversely affected by movement and positional variation.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) -derived indices may alleviate these problems and provide useful alternative assessments.
at the diaphysis , correlations were ρ = @number@ to @number@ with strong intermethod agreement for most indices.
further improvements may be possible because skeletal size and maturity-related biases in agreement were detected.
overall , dxa-derived indices may provide a useful assessment of bone geometry , density , and theoretical strength contingent on appropriate consideration of their limitations.
although aging is inexorable , aging well is not.
there was no association between svh and low bone density.
in older women , therefore , svh may be largely long standing and not indicative of osteoporotic fracture.
in older women , svh without endplate fracture identified on baseline assessment may be long standing and unrelated to vf.
if this is so , we would expect to see a similar prevalence of svh in younger women.
we aimed to compare the prevalence of pre- and postmenopausal women with svh and the characteristics of women with and without svh.
results : the prevalence of pre- and postmenopausal women with svh was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p > 0.05 ) .
conclusions : short vertebral height without endplate fracture is equally prevalent in pre- and postmenopausal women and not associated with low bone density.
neuronal activity enhances the elaboration of newborn neurons as they integrate into the synaptic circuitry of the adult brain.
the role micrornas play in the transduction of neuronal activity into growth and synapse formation is largely unknown.
micrornas can influence the expression of hundreds of genes and thus could regulate gene assemblies during processes like activity-dependent integration.
here , we developed viral-based methods for the in vivo detection and manipulation of the activity-dependent microrna , mir-132 , in the mouse hippocampus.
functional grouping indicated that genes involved in inflammatory / immune signaling were the most enriched class of genes induced by mir-132 knockdown.
movement of individuals is a critical factor determining the effectiveness of reserve networks.
the push to use marine reserves for managing pelagic and demersal species poses significant questions regarding their utility for highly-mobile species.
we find that adult movement produces significantly lower persistence than larval dispersal , all other factors being equal.
persistently elevated oxidative stress and inflammation precede or occur during the development of type @number@ or type @number@ diabetes mellitus and precipitate devastating complications.
a hallmark of contemporary culture is a preference for thermally processed foods , replete with pro-oxidant advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) .
this sequence promotes both types of diabetes mellitus.
this review focuses on ages as novel initiators of oxidative stress that precedes , rather than results from , diabetes mellitus.
therapeutic gains from age restriction constitute a paradigm shift.
objective : the age-dependent performance of electrocardiographic ( ecg ) criteria was examined for left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) prediction.
conclusion : age should be taken into consideration in selection of appropriate ecg criteria for lvh detection.
indexation of left ventricular mass differentiates the diagnostic ability of ecg criteria , especially in older patients.
however , the clinical significance of this genetic alteration is yet to be determined.
we aimed to test the prognostic role of the b-k fusion in progression of incompletely resected plga.
experimental design : we retrospectively identified @number@ consecutive patients with incompletely resected \ "clinically relevant \ " plga.
we added @number@ tumors diagnosed at our institution between @number@ and @number@ as controls.
results : overall , @percent@ of tumors were b-k fusion positive.
all patients with b-k fused plga are still alive.
five-year pfs was @percent@ ± @percent@ and @percent@ ± @percent@ for fusion positive and negative patients , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
b-k fusion resulted in similarly significant favorable pfs for patients who received chemotherapy.
in vitro , braf overexpression resulted in growth arrest associated with dna damage ( γh2ax expression ) .
five-year pfs was @percent@ ± @percent@ and @percent@ for patients with b-k fused and γh2ax-expressing plga versus negative tumors ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : these data suggest that b-k fusion confers a less aggressive clinical phenotype on plga and may explain their tendency to growth arrest.
combined analysis of b-k fusion and γh2ax expression can determine prognosis and may be a powerful tool to tailor therapy for these patients.
background : physical functioning describes the underlying abilities that make activities necessary for independent living in the community possible.
objective : to test self-reported and objective measures of physical functioning in predicting subsequent disability in cooking , shopping and housework.
design : we used data from the first and second waves of the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe.
there were @number@ individuals for whom data on disability status at follow-up were available.
results : those with limitations in physical functioning at baseline more frequently reported subsequent disability.
similar results were obtained with grip strength and walking speed.
conclusions : both self-reports and objective measures capture information on the functional ability of older people that can be used to predict disability onset.
the mechanical properties of skin are determined primarily by the extracellular matrix of the dermis.
these mechanical and biological properties change significantly as a function of age.
key components of the extracellular matrix are proteoglycans , which are molecules composed of a core protein and covalently attached glycosaminoglycans.
a recently developed compound , c-xylopyranoside derivative ( c-xyloside ) , was designed to mimic β-xylosides , which are known initiators of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
this increase may lead to the preservation of matrix integrity and thereby contribute to the firmness of skin.
thus , c-xyloside may be useful in improving the quality of skin.
barbiturates were more frequent in the elderly , while antidepressants were more frequent in younger adults.
addressing the potential for overdose with barbiturates may aid suicide prevention in the elderly.
stem cells are uniquely able to self-renew , to undergo multilineage differentiation , and to persist throughout life in a number of tissues.
stem cells are regulated by a combination of shared and tissue-specific mechanisms and are distinguished from restricted progenitors by differences in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
this allows stem cells to sustain homeostasis or to remodel relevant tissues in response to physiological change.
in vertebrates , skeletal muscle is derived from mesodermal structures called somites.
myogenic progenitor cells that form skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs are derived from the dermomyotome , the dorsal region of the somite.
these cells enter the myogenic program by activating a set of four myogenic regulatory factors.
during embryonic and fetal growth , muscle progenitor cells provide the source for muscle growth.
they are essential for the growth and regeneration of muscles.
among the mechanisms that control the maintenance of satellite cells properties , the notch pathway plays a crucial role.
in facts , this pathway is implicated from the early steps of somitogenesis and the development of skeletal muscles in the embryo.
furthermore , during ageing , notch activity decreases which results in decreased muscle regeneration.
thus , the notch pathway is a key regulator of muscle plasticity.
objective : to evaluate causes and clinical management of postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) .
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients ( @number@ knees ) with knee pain post tka were treated.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients aging from @number@ to @number@ years with a mean of @number@ years.
the diagnosis followed to brown diagnostic system.
results : forty-one cases were followed up for @number@ to @number@ years.
there was significantly difference compared with preoperative ( p < @number@ ) .
one case of crps-1 performed conservative treatment , the therapy was effective.
conclusions : patients with knee pain post tka need systematic assessment to identify the causes.
appropriate treatment due to the positive diagnosis generally lead to satisfactory results , surgical intervention with indefinite causes is strictly prohibited.
their mean ages were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ years old respectively.
and the androgen receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry.
however age was negatively correlated with the levels of ft and ar.
conclusion : the deficiency of endogenous androgen contributes to a high prevalence of cad in elderly males.
the age-related decreases of ft and ar impair the physiological functions of androgen so as to accelerate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
a user-friendly web application provides access to the stored data.
kegg pathways were incorporated and links to external databases augment the information in gisao.db.
search functions facilitate retrieval of data which can also be exported for further processing.
conclusions : we have developed a centralized database that is very well suited for the management of data for ageing research.
the database can be accessed at @url@ and all the stored data can be viewed with a guest account.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hybrid training on glucose metabolism and serum il-6 levels in elderly people.
hybrid training was performed on @number@ elderly subjects.
both quadriceps and hamstrings were contracted voluntarily or electrically at the same time for @number@ min twice a week.
the effects on glucose metabolism and serum il-6 levels were evaluated after @number@ weeks of hybrid training.
all of the subjects completed the study , and no severe adverse events developed during the study period.
in this study , we showed the safety and good adherence of hybrid training for lower extremities in elderly people.
furthermore , hybrid training decreased fasting blood glucose and serum il-6 levels in elderly people.
background : premalignancies resulting from photodamage , such as actinic keratosis and carcinoma in situ , can be treated with various modalities.
lesions were evenly and repeatedly scanned with both wavelengths until light pain or purpura presented.
this method proves to be much more selective than traditional intense pulse light ( ipl ) photorejuvenation.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers such as restylane ( ® ) are frequently used for the correction of facial soft tissue defects.
methods : this was a split-face , randomized and evaluator-blinded comparison study.
subjects were randomized to receive an injection of emervel classic or restylane on their left or right side.
efficacy was evaluated based on the change in wrinkle severity rating score ( wsrs ) from baseline.
results : the interim results @number@ months after injection are reported.
a similar volume of both fillers was injected.
most local tolerability events were mild and transient.
conclusion : emervel classic provides similar efficacy and better overall local tolerability compared with restylane @number@ months after treatment of moderate nasolabial folds.
the neodymium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet ( nd : yag ) laser is a popular non-ablative treatment used for skin rejuvenation.
volunteers were photographed , and skin biopsies were obtained at baseline as well as @number@ and @number@ months after the start of treatments.
a noticeable clinical and histological improvement was observed after nd : yag 1320-nm treatment.
following an increase in length and width during childhood and adolescence , skeletal growth is generally assumed to stop.
this study investigates the influence of aging on the dimensions of the pelvis and the l4 lumbar vertebra during adulthood.
linear regression analysis determined the significance of relationships between age and width of the pelvis.
the pelvic inlet did not enlarge over time while the distance between the hips and the femoral head diameter did significantly increase.
the height of l4 did not increase over time , but the l4 width did increase.
these correlations were seen in both genders.
surprisingly , our results suggest that the pelvis and l4 vertebra increase in width after skeletal maturity and cessation of longitudinal growth.
prognosis strongly depends on stage at diagnosis , and the disease can be cured in most cases if diagnosed at an early stage.
data from @number@ population-based cancer registries from @number@ european countries collected in the context of the eurocare-4 project were analyzed.
survival substantially increased over time in all european regions.
substantial variation of crc survival between european countries and between age groups persisted and even tentatively increased over time.
in this study we looked for evidence and for the targets of plasma protein carbonylation in patients on hemodialysis.
we also examined the effect of in vitro carbonylated albumin on mrna levels of endothelial cell adhesion molecules involved in early atherogenesis.
some plasma samples were first depleted of albumin and immunoglobulins to improve detection of lower abundance proteins.
the functional impact of carbonylation was assessed in human vein endothelial cells by studying models of modified human serum albumin.
results : post-dialysis plasma carbonylated protein levels were significantly increased compared to pre-dialysis levels.
incubation of endothelial cells with low doses of carbonylated albumin caused a significant increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mrna levels.
conclusions : chronic uremia appears as a state of \ "carbonyl stress \ " targeting several different plasma proteins.
carbonylated albumin displayed biological effects that may be relevant to uremic atherosclerosis.
taken as a whole , results support a modest yet significant improvement in cardiac function in cell-treated patients.
skeletal myoblasts , adipose-derived stem cells , and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have also been tested in clinical studies.
mscs expand rapidly in vitro and have a potential for multilineage differentiation.
however , their regenerative capacity decreases with aging , limiting efficacy in old patients.
allogeneic mscs offer several advantages over autologous bmcs ; however , immune rejection of allogeneic cells remains a key issue.
allogeneic mscs , unlike syngeneic ones , were eliminated from rat hearts by @number@ weeks , with a loss of functional benefit.
allogeneic mscs have also been tested in initial clinical studies in cardiology patients.
intravenous allogeneic msc infusion has proven to be safe in a phase-i trial in patients with acute mi.
endoventricular allogeneic msc injection has been associated with reduced adverse cardiac events in a phase-ii trial in patients with chronic heart failure.
the long-term safety and efficacy of allogeneic mscs for cardiac repair remain to be established.
ongoing phase-ii trials are addressing these issues.
ageing shows a high interindividual and intraindividual variability.
subclinical and clinical cardiovascular diseases accelerate the ageing process in part and in total.
this leads to the idea that ageing is a result of a chronic inflammation process and to the term \ "inflammageing \ ".
at this point in time the role for determining ageing and its use as a prognostic tool seems to be impossible.
whether inflammageing is a valid model for describing the ageing process or is the consequence of other mechanisms needs further discussion.
age impacts multiple neural measures and these changes do not always directly translate into alterations in clinical and cognitive measures.
neural reserve refers to increased efficiency and / or capacity of existing functional neural resources.
neural compensation refers to the increased ability to recruit new , additional functional resources.
using structural and functional measures and task performance , the roles of cr were tested using path analysis.
results supported both mechanistic theories of cr and the use of our general theoretical model.
it has been suggested that inflammation is involved in alzheimer disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
the aim of this study is to evaluate the association between inflammatory aspects of diet and incident ad risk.
about @number@ nondemented elderly ( age ≥ @number@ ) in new york who provided dietary information at baseline were followed-up prospectively for ad development.
the tifr was not associated with serum hscrp level.
after an average of @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ participants developed incident ad.
we conclude that tifr might not be a biologically relevant measure of the inflammatory impact of the diet.
the neuropsychological battery from the national alzheimer's disease coordinating center is designed to provide a sensitive assessment of mild cognitive disorders for multicenter investigations.
comprising @number@ common neuropsychological tests ( @number@ measures ) , the battery assesses cognitive domains affected early in the course of alzheimer disease.
confirmatory factor analysis was used on the second half of the sample to evaluate invariance between groups and within groups over @number@ year.
factorial invariance testing included systematic addition of constraints and comparisons of nested models.
the general confirmatory factor analysis model had a good fit.
as constraints were added , model fit deteriorated slightly.
comparisons within groups showed stability over @number@ year.
in a range of cognition from normal to dementia , factor structures and factor loadings will vary little.
further work is needed to determine whether domains become more or less distinct in severely cognitively compromised individuals.
methods : of the @number@ individuals recruited , @number@ completed the questionnaires , resulting in a response rate of @percent@.
participants completed the bsrs-5 , gds-15 , mos sf-12 , and a demographic survey.
patient subitem scores , which ranked their feelings of depression , hostility , and inferiority , were summed to determine their 3-bsrs-subitem sum scores.
all indices suggested that the final model fit the data well.
age was inversely related to physical component summary , which was inversely related to the 3-bsrs-subitem sum score.
mental component summary was inversely related to the 3-bsrs-subitem sum score and the gds-15.
physical component summary was inversely related to the gds-15.
the 3-bsrs-subitem sum score correlated with suicidal ideation.
the proposed model has the potential to help healthcare professionals effectively design and implement their suicide prevention programs.
objectives : to examine alternative models of defining and characterizing successful aging.
design : a retrospective cohort study.
setting : olmsted county , mn.
participants : five hundred sixty community-dwelling nondemented adults , aged @number@ years and older.
measurements : three models were developed.
each model examined subtests in four cognitive domains : memory , attention / executive function , language , and visuospatial skills.
a composite domain score was generated for each of the four domains.
in model @number@ subjects with all four domain scores above the 50th percentile were classified as \ "successful agers. \ "
validation tests were conducted to determine the ability of each model to predict survival and conversion to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
results : model @number@ showed @percent@ lower mortality in successful agers compared with typical agers and also a @percent@ lower conversion rate to mci.
objective : to examine the association of cognitive function with the risk of incident mobility impairments and the rate of declining mobility in older adults.
design : prospective , observational cohort study.
setting : retirement communities across metropolitan chicago.
participants : a total of @number@ ambulatory elders from two longitudinal studies without baseline clinical dementia or history of stroke or parkinson disease.
measurements : all participants underwent baseline cognitive testing and annual mobility examinations.
mobility impairments were based on annual timed walking performance.
a composite mobility measure , which summarized gait and balance measures , was used to examine the annual rate of mobility change.
results : during follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed impaired mobility.
the level of cognition in five different cognitive abilities was also related to incident mobility impairment.
cognition showed similar associations with incident loss of the ability to ambulate.
linear mixed-effects models showed that global cognition at baseline was associated with the rate of declining mobility.
conclusions : among ambulatory elders , cognition is associated with incident mobility impairment and mobility decline.
design : a 35-year longitudinal and cross-sectional twin study of cognitive aging.
setting : large multicenter study in the united states.
participants : one thousand two hundred thirty-seven male twins aged @number@ to @number@ years.
participants completed the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale before cognitive testing and provided health and life style information during a medical history interview.
in bivariate twin modeling , @percent@ of the correlation between early cognitive ability and midlife depressive symptoms was due to shared genetic influences.
conclusion : results suggest that low cognitive ability is a risk factor for depressive symptoms ; this association is partly due to shared genetic influences.
crosssectional analyses indicate that the association between depressive symptoms and performance is not linked to specific cognitive domains.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : @number@ nhs in the greater boston area.
participants : @number@ family members of nh residents who died with advanced dementia.
measurements : preloss grief was measured at baseline , and postloss grief was measured @number@ and @number@ months postloss using the prolonged grief disorder scale.
results : levels of preloss and postloss grief were relatively stable from baseline to @number@ months postloss.
feelings of separation and yearning were the most prominent grief symptoms.
conclusions : the pattern of grieving for some family members of nh residents with advanced dementia is prolonged and begins before resident death.
identification of family members at risk for postloss grief during the preloss period may help guide interventions aimed at lessening postloss grief.
primary caregivers of persons with dementia were assessed via in-person and telephone interviews every @number@ months over a 3-year period.
setting : dementia caregivers were recruited from eight catchment areas throughout the united states.
participants : the baseline sample included @number@ dementia caregivers.
just more than @percent@ ( @percent@ ; n = @number@ ) of persons with dementia permanently entered a nursing home during the 3-year study period.
measurements : individual behavior problems were measured with the memory and behavior problem checklist.
caregiving burden was assessed with a short version of the zarit burden inventory.
key covariates , including sociodemographic background , functional status , and service utilization , were also considered.
conclusions : the findings highlight the multifaceted , complex pathway to nha for persons with dementia and their family caregivers.
resistance exercise performed in the fasted state stimulates mixed mps within @number@ h after exercise , which can remain elevated for @number@ h.
we demonstrate that the activation of mtorc1 signaling ( and subsequently enhanced translation initiation ) is required for the contraction-induced increase in mps.
we also show that mtorc1 signaling is required for the essential amino acid ( eaa ) -induced increase in mps.
ingestion of eaas ( or protein ) shortly after resistance exercise enhances mps and mtorc1 signaling compared with resistance exercise or eaas alone.
in older adults , the ability of the skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is impaired.
however , bfr exercise can overcome this impairment.
aging is not associated with a reduced response to eaas provided the eaa content is sufficient.
background and aims : increased fear of falling is associated with greater muscular coactivation during standing postural control.
excessive muscular coactivation reduces the performance of agonist muscles.
methods : thirty-eight healthy older adults ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in this study.
walking speed and step length were measured.
electromyography ( emg ) data were collected from the tibialis anterior and soleus during walking to calculate the co-contraction index ( ci ) .
eight subjects ( @percent@ ) had fallen within the past year , and @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) had fear of falling.
all subjects without fear of falling had fes scores of @number@ ( maximum score ) .
subjects with fear of falling had a median fes score of @number@ ( interquartile range , @number@ to @number@ ) .
further research is needed to clarify negative and positive effects of muscular coactivation during walking in fearful subjects.
however , these studies mainly assessed adults in the general population and did not focus specifically on elderly adults.
in addition , this predictive power has never been evaluated using subjective ses , which is an important measure of ses in elderly adults.
the shls is a 15-year longitudinal survey based on a nationally representative sample.
it was initiated in @number@ with @number@ respondents aged @number@ years or older.
both education and subjective financial satisfaction were used as ses measures in the present study.
a cox regression model was used to estimate the interaction between srh and ses for @number@ individuals without missing data.
a similar pattern was observed when financial satisfaction was used as the ses measure.
however , the pattern was attenuated when using 5-year mortality from baseline.
this is true regardless of whether objective or subjective measures of ses are used , where both are important measures of ses in elderly adults.
results : vacuoles were found in capillary basement membranes at the vessel-glia interface in all samples , from both the normal and disease cases.
vacuole frequency increased with donor age but was not influenced by post mortem fixation delays.
conclusion : vacuoles in the basement membrane are a normal feature of adult human retinal capillaries and do not indicate disease.
their incidence increases with age and might be a contributing factor to late-onset pathologies of the retinal vasculature.
telomerases constitute a group of specialized ribonucleoprotein enzymes that remediate chromosomal shrinkage resulting from the \ "end-replication \ " problem.
defects in telomere length regulation are associated with several diseases as well as with aging and cancer.
this model provides a structural mechanism for the processivity of telomerase and offers new insights into elongation.
the small mammalian mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) is very gene dense and encodes factors critical for oxidative phosphorylation.
mutations of mtdna cause a variety of human mitochondrial diseases and are also heavily implicated in age-associated disease and aging.
in addition , mounting evidence suggests that most mtdna mutations may be generated by replication errors and not by accumulated damage.
the older population is currently the fastest growing age group in the united states , and this trend is expected to continue for several decades.
herein , we discuss the information gap for older individuals and the need for a better understanding of the effect of aging on drug responses.
recent research in the geography of health care moves beyond distributive concerns focusing more sensitively on the nature of health care settings.
as part of this , a growing number of studies explore the importance of individuals ' personal circumstances on their emplaced experiences and agency.
interviews with @number@ self-identifying sufferers explore the physical , emotional , behavioral and spatial manifestations of their condition.
aims : arterial stiffening may lead to hypertension , greater left ventricular after-load and adverse clinical outcomes.
the underlying mechanisms influencing arterial elasticity may involve oxidative injury to the vessel wall.
we sought to examine the relationship between novel markers of oxidative stress and arterial elastic properties in healthy humans.
methods and results : we studied @number@ subjects ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ male ) free of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
inflammation was assessed as hscrp and interleukin-6 levels.
this has implications for understanding the role of oxidant burden in pre-clinical vascular dysfunction.
both [ f-18 ] fddnp micropet imaging and neuropathological analyses revealed decreased aβ burden after intracranial anti-aβ antibody administration.
these results corroborate previous analyses of [ f-18 ] fddnp pet imaging in clinical populations.
safer and more efficient methods of reprogramming are rapidly being developed.
clearly , ips cells present a number of exciting possibilities , including disease modeling and therapy.
one measure of cellular aging is the telomere.
in this regard , recent studies have demonstrated that telomeres in ips cells may be rejuvenated.
they are not only elongated by reactivated telomerase but they are also epigenetically modified to be similar but not identical to embryonic stem cells.
objective : to assess current uses of distance learning and opinions concerning the appropriate use of distance education in rt education programs nationwide.
results : the response rate was @percent@ ( @number@ respondents ) .
fifty-two percent of the respondents indicated that their courses included some form of on-line learning component.
most directors anticipated that the distance composition of their course offerings will remain unchanged or increase in the near future.
background : fall prevention interventions for community-dwelling older adults have been found to reduce falls in some research studies.
however , wider implementation of fall prevention activities in routine care has yielded mixed results.
we implemented a theory-driven program to improve care for falls at our veterans affairs healthcare facility.
here we report the formative evaluation of this project.
we also estimate the cost of developing the pilot project.
results : the project underwent multiple changes over its life span , including the addition of an option to mail patients educational materials about falls.
during the project's lifespan , @number@ patients were considered for inclusion and @number@ participated.
medical record review showed that the project enhanced usual medical care with respect to home safety counseling.
we discontinued the program after @number@ months due to staffing limitations and competing priorities.
we estimated a cost of $ 9194 for meeting time to develop the project.
future projects will need both front-level staff commitment and prolonged high-level leadership involvement to thrive.
background : with the ongoing demographic shift , the quality of life and health promotion among older individuals are becoming increasingly important.
recent research suggests that sense of coherence positively affects quality of life.
hence , a valid and reliable measurement of sense of coherence is pivotal.
the 13-item orientation to life questionnaire ( olq-13 ) can be used to measure sense of coherence.
methods : the olq-13 scale was administered as part of a healthy aging project for non-institutionalized people aged @number@ years and older.
internal consistency and reliability were assessed by means of inter-item and test-halves correlations and cronbach's alpha.
item face validity was investigated by means of @number@ semi-structured interviews.
the psychometric properties of the proposed olq-11 , obtained by deleting the two items , were better.
in particular , the interpretation of exploratory factor solution improved.
whereas the underlying theoretical constructs could not be linked to the exploratory analyses of olq-13 , this was to some extent possible in olq-11.
the superior validity of olq-11 over olq-13 was supported by the better model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis.
this study confirms that the validity and reliability of olq- @date@ differ substantially in different populations.
univariate analysis of variance was performed to determine significant group differences among nurses in the three hospital types.
perceptions were most positive in the geriatric-chronic care hospitals.
this research highlights the importance of the hospital setting in understanding nurses ' ability to provide quality geriatric care.
clinical relevance : enhancing the quality of care for older patients requires an understanding of the challenges and obstacles experienced by nurses.
assessing their perceptions of the care environment they work in , therefore , becomes a key issue in targeting policy and programs.
patients were evaluated @number@ months postoperatively and photographed.
patient ratings for overall improvement for each side were also recorded.
results : all patients had improved on the basis of photographic and clinical assessments at @number@ months.
no complications were experienced with either device.
the authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
follow-up visits were completed at @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks @number@ and @number@ months.
quartile improvement scale ( 0-4 ) and fitzpatrick wrinkle scores ( 1-9 ) were used for the assessments.
no serious adverse events were reported.
cutera provided the equipment used in this study and funding to dr. goldberg.
background : this pilot study compared a monophasic hyaluronic acid dermal filler with a biphasic filler for the correction of nasolabial folds.
methods : participant- and assessor-blinded , randomized clinical trial involving participants with moderate to severe nasolabial folds.
split-face design comparing a monophase hyaluronic acid ( ha ) filler ( mono-ha ) with a biphasic ha filler ( bi-ha ) .
injection with touch-up after @number@ month.
an optional treatment was offered at the end of the study , with participants allowed to choose one of the products.
objective : evaluation of efficacy and safety of both products.
results : both products showed immediate , good results after injection and touch-up and demonstrated good durability over time.
participant preference for optional treatment at the end of the study favoured mono-ha.
both products were well tolerated , without serious adverse events.
conclusion : the effect after injection of mono-ha and bi-ha is generally comparable , although there was a trend in favor of mono-ha.
materials and funding for this study were provided by teoxane , geneva , switzerland.
as expected , there was a steady improvement of memory performance as a function of repeated learning regardless of age.
in addition , enactive encoding led to a better memory performance than verbal encoding in both age groups.
furthermore , younger adults outperformed the elderly regardless of type of encoding.
analyses in the present article show that encoding by enacting seems to profit especially from remembering the last items of a presented list.
regarding age differences , younger outperformed older participants in nearly all item positions.
these hyaluronic acids are either more highly cross-linked or larger in particle size than the less-viscous subtypes.
the procedure is extremely well tolerated , requiring only topical and ice anaesthesia.
using this method , volume restoration can be achieved naturally and progressively over a period of time.
fractional filling every 3-4 months is continued until the desired level of volume correction is attained.
epidemiological studies suggest a protective role of omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 pufa ) against alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , most intervention studies of supplementation with n-3 pufa have yielded disappointing results.
the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein e gene ( apoe ) is a genetic risk factor for late-onset ad.
apoe plays a key role in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids involved in brain composition and functioning.
the action of n-3 pufa on the aging brain might therefore differ according to apoe polymorphism.
the aim of this review is to examine the interaction between dietary fatty acids and apoe genotype on the risk for ad.
carriers of the ε4 allele tend to be the most responsive to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol.
an intervention study showed that only non-carriers had increased concentrations of long-chain n-3 pufa in response to supplementation.
further research is needed to explain the differential effect of n-3 pufa on ad according to apoe genotype.
there is a critical need to potentially individualize new strategies able to prevent and to slow down the progression of predementia and dementia syndromes.
in fact , elevated saturated fatty acids could have negative effects on age-related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
nonetheless , at present , no definitive dietary recommendations are possible.
the anomalous aggregation of proteins into pathological filaments is a common feature of a many human diseases , often related to aging.
in this context , neurodegenerative pathologies such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) account for a major part of these protein misfolding diseases.
ad is characterized by pathological aggregation of two proteins , tau and aβ-amyloid.
this suggests that an increase in tau oligomers levels occurs before individuals manifest clinical symptoms of ad.
nfts are one of the hallmarks of alzheimer disease and other tauphaties.
these aggregates are thought to be toxic to neurons , either by causing some neurotoxic signalling defects or by obstructing the cell function.
altered proteolytic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein ( app ) is a central event in familial and sporadic alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the aβ peptides aggregate to form soluble oligomers and finally deposit into amyloid plaques that are a hallmark of ad.
recent evidence indicates a role for aβ oligomers in regulating synaptic plasticity with excess amounts of oligomers disrupting synaptic function.
further , in analogy to many other membrane proteins that are subject to rip , aicd can translocate to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
many rip substrates are localized to the synapse and thus could convey a direct signal from the synapse to the nucleus upon cleavage.
evidence indicates that only the amyloidogenic pathway generates aicd capable of nuclear signaling , due to the subcellular compartmentalization of app processing.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia in aging populations.
amyloid precursor protein ( app ) and its cleavage products including aβ have been suggested as homeostatic regulators of synaptic activity.
app manipulation and aβ application , in vitro and in vivo , affect synapse formation and synaptic transmission.
moreover , synaptic dysfunction and learning deficits precede aβ plaque deposition , suggesting that synaptic alterations may underlie the initial development of the disease.
because of the pivotal role of app and aβ in ad pathogenesis , it is essential to understand how app and aβ modulate synaptic function.
in response to a thermal stress , skin blood flow ( bf ) increases to protect the skin from damage.
twenty male and female subjects ( @number@ - 20-35 years , @number@ - 40-70 years ) were examined.
thus , a consequence of ageing is reduced excess bf in response to thermal stress increasing susceptibility to thermal damage.
this must be considered in modelling of bf.
objective : epidemiological studies in children and adolescents have revealed short sleep duration as a risk factor for weight gain.
however , only few studies have addressed sleep in early childhood.
our aim was to determine whether sleep in the second year of life is associated with the development of body composition throughout childhood.
methods : analysis included @number@ donald participants with parental reported data on sleep duration and annually measured body composition until age @number@
trajectories of bmi and ffmi did not differ between the sleep duration categories.
memory training has often been supported as a potential means to improve performance for older adults.
less often studied are the characteristics of trainees that benefit most from training.
these results underscore the benefits of targeting self-regulatory factors in intervention programs designed to improve memory skills.
the burden of providing informal care to a family member can lead to caregiver depression and potentially harmful caregiving behavior.
given the interpersonal nature of caregiving , the relationship between caregivers and care recipients may impact caregiver responses.
we applied attachment theory to understanding caregiver depression , and both potentially harmful and exemplary caregiving responses.
we also tested the moderating role of interdependent self-construal in the relationships.
moreover , only older and middle-aged adults high in interdependence benefitted from having more peripheral social partners by showing decreased loneliness in the 2-year interval.
the isolation paradigm is the classic method for studying the effects of distinctiveness on memory ( hunt , @number@ ) .
in experiment @number@ young adults showed both early and late isolation effects , while older adults showed only a late isolation effect.
in the first experiment the isolated item was the word \ "table \ " in a list of fish names.
in experiment @number@ the contrast between the isolated item and background items was increased by isolating numbers in a list of words.
in the second experiment older adults , as well as young adults , showed an early isolation effect.
effective social functioning is reflected in the ability to accurately characterize other people and then use this information in the service of social goals.
in line with a social expertise framework , middle-aged and older adults were more sensitive to trait-diagnostic behavioral information than were younger adults.
relative to younger adults , older adults paid more attention to negative than to positive information when it related to morality traits.
increasing the salience of the social context , and presumably activating socioemotional goals , did not alter this pattern of performance.
the results demonstrate the interaction between social knowledge , situational social goals , and chronic socioemotional goals in determining age differences in social information processing.
these were preceded either immediately or at some earlier time by a backward-masked prime.
one possible explanation for the individual differences in outcomes of stress is the diversity of inputs that produce perceptions of being stressed.
together , the analyses highlight what may be missed when stress is used as a simple unidimensional construct and can guide differential intervention efforts.
personality was measured using the 50-item international personality item pool ( goldberg , @number@ ) .
satisfactory measurement invariance was established across time and cohorts.
high rank-order stability was observed in both cohorts.
the older cohort scored higher on agreeableness and conscientiousness.
in these cohorts , individual differences in personality traits continued to be stable even in very old age , mean-level changes accelerated.
objective : conscientious individuals tend to experience a number of health benefits , not the least of which being greater longevity.
however , it remains an open question as to why this link with longevity occurs.
the current study tested two possible mediators ( physical health and cognitive functioning ) of the link between conscientiousness and longevity.
moreover , cognitive functioning appears to partially mediate this relationship.
in addition , it underscores the importance of measurement considerations.
objective : subjective well-being ( swb ) is an important predictor of mortality.
effects of swb facets were analyzed using cox proportional hazards models.
however , this effect diminished when including self-rated health and physical activity.
na was not associated with mortality.
in middle-aged participants , no swb indicator predicted mortality when controlling for covariates.
the study underscores the importance of swb for health and longevity , particularly for older adults.
it was expected that goal disengagement capacities would prevent an adverse effect of heightened functional disability on increases in depressive symptoms.
results : depressive symptoms and functionality disability increased over time.
moreover , poor goal disengagement capacities and high levels of functional disability forecasted six-year increases in depressive symptoms.
finally , goal disengagement buffered the association of functional disability with increases in depressive symptoms.
no associations were found for goal reengagement capacities.
conclusion : the findings suggest an adaptive role for goal disengagement capacities in older adulthood.
several studies have shown that total nephron ( glomerular ) number varies widely in normal human kidneys.
several studies have shown loss of glomeruli due to age-related glomerulosclerosis.
several studies have reported a direct correlation between birth weight and nephron number and an indirect association between nephron number and blood pressure.
associations between low birth weight and cardiovascular disease , including hypertension , have also been widely reported.
this report provides an update on our current knowledge of human nephron number and the associations with adult health and disease.
this trend places ever-growing medical and economical burden on society , as many of the older subjects suffer from age-related diseases and frailty.
this work anticipates development and application of ethical standards suited to dynamic advances in aging research.
it is concluded that application of adequate ethical platform markedly facilitates recruitment of older persons for participation in research.
objectives : ct colonography ( ctc ) is being increasingly used for the radiological evaluation of colorectal symptoms.
aim of this study was to assess the role of ctc in excluding a colorectal cancer ( crc ) in older symptomatic patients.
methods : @number@ ctc studies performed between @date@ and @date@ were analysed retrospectively.
sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values were calculated for detection of colorectal cancer.
results : after exclusions , @number@ ctc studies were included.
these were undertaken in @number@ men and @number@ women.
median age of patients undergoing ctc was @number@ ( range , 27-96 ) years.
@number@ invasive crc were detected.
median follow-up was @number@ ( range 18-84 ) months.
three small colorectal cancers were missed.
sensitivity and negative predictive value for crc were @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : 84.9%-98.7% ) and @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : 99.1%-99.9% ) respectively.
conclusions : ctc has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value in excluding a crc in patients with colorectal symptoms.
methods : we used data from the @number@ health indicators project , a cross-sectional survey of @number@ older adults attending @number@ nyc senior centers.
qol , a binary measure , was created by dichotomizing a 5-point likert-scaled global assessment.
neighborhood safety , social cohesion , and walkability were multi-component scale variables that were standardized due to varying response metrics.
multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed on @number@ participants with complete data.
results : after adjusting for covariates , qol was significantly associated with neighborhood safety and social cohesion.
higher qol was not significantly associated with neighborhood walkability.
we recently showed that many of the zn ( 2 + ) transporters are expressed by the retinal pigment epithelial ( rpe ) cells.
expression of two zn ( 2 + ) influx transporters , zip2 and zip4 , is reduced as a function of rpe age.
this review focuses on the main causes , consequences in terms of morbidity , mortality and costs and treatment of hf.
from the analysis of cell growth patterns , it is inferred that the cell aging rate is similar for each of the different considered populations.
also , the morphology , the cell distribution and the tendency to hexagonallity are studied.
therefore , its driving force may be controlled by the surface tension and the mobility of the boundaries.
background : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is an emerging marker of biological age.
chronic inflammatory activity is commonly proposed as a promoter of biological aging in general , and of leukocyte telomere shortening in particular.
in addition , senescent cells with critically short telomeres produce pro-inflammatory factors.
our sample included @number@ high-functioning adults who participated in the health , aging and body composition study ( age range : 70-79 years ) .
logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with high levels of either il-6 or tnf-α had significantly higher odds for short ltl.
in contrast , crp was not associated with ltl.
in contrast , high levels of crp were not accompanied by short ltl in this cohort of older adults.
these data provide the first large-scale demonstration of links between inflammatory markers and ltl in an older population.
aging is thought to negatively affect multiple cellular processes including the ability to maintain chromosome stability.
chromosome instability ( cin ) is a common property of cancer cells and may be a contributing factor to cellular transformation.
the types of dna aberrations that arise during aging before tumor development and that contribute to tumorigenesis are currently unclear.
elevated levels of mdm2 in precancerous mice increased both the numerical and the structural chromosomal abnormalities observed.
chromosome and chromatid breaks , chromosome fusions , aneuploidy and polyploidy were increased in older mdm2 transgenic mice compared with wild-type littermates.
notably , mdm2 overexpression promoted gains in one or more chromosomes with age , while it did not affect the rate of chromosome loss.
methods : the scanning peripheral acd analyzer evaluated acd by numeric grade ( acdg @number@ to @number@ ) and aca twice in @number@ and @number@
patients with pseudophakic eye were used as control.
results : one hundred fifty-seven patients with glaucoma and @number@ patients with pseudophakic eye were subjected to the analysis.
the change in acd was greater at the peripheral region than at the central region.
the decrease in acdg was significantly associated with deep initial acdg and wide aca.
patients having shallow acdg and narrow aca showed more rapid deterioration of visual field than those having deep acdg and wide aca.
conclusions : acdg and aca decreased with age , and initial acdg and aca were related to the progression of open-angle glaucoma.
objective : adipocyte infiltration of the musculoskeletal system is well recognized as a hallmark of aging , obesity , and type @number@ diabetes.
this investigation sought to understand the net impact of local adipocytes on skeletal myocyte metabolism.
results : cocultured adipocytes increased myotube mrna expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism , regardless of the donor and degree of lipolytic activity.
adipocytes in the basal state sequestered free fatty acids , thereby forcing neighboring myotubes to rely more heavily on glucose fuel.
under this condition , insulin action was enhanced in myotubes from lean but not obese donors.
conclusions : the effects of cocultured adipocytes on myocyte substrate selection and insulin action depended on the metabolic state of the system.
these findings are relevant to understanding the metabolic consequences of intermuscular adipogenesis.
there is accumulating evidence suggesting that children may drive the spread of influenza epidemics.
with alignment of the epidemic curves locally before aggregation of cases , slight age-specific differences in the timing of infection became apparent.
this analysis casts doubt on the hypothesis that younger school-age children actually lead influenza epidemic waves.
heat is the most abundant byproduct of cellular metabolism.
in addition , exercise training induces peripheral vascular adaptations within the cutaneous microvasculature indicative of enhanced endothelium-dependent vasomotor function.
background : suicide rates are highest among the elderly , yet research on suicide prevention in old age remains a much-neglected area.
non-melanoma skin cancers are a common reality worldwide.
therefore , it is possible that other forms of innate or acquired alterations of the immune system could favor the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancers.
similar results are obtained analyzing the effect of immunosuppressive drugs.
cerebrovascular disease constitutes one of the main causes of morbidity , disability and mortality worldwide.
obesity , a major health problem reaching global epidemic proportions , is also associated with morbidity and mortality.
the present review provides an update on the current knowledge regarding the association of gender and obesity with stroke prevalence and outcome.
we also discuss the areas that future research needs to point towards.
in general , gender differences in relation to stroke are increasingly being recognized and evaluated.
age-specific stroke incidence is generally higher in men , except in the elderly.
women are treated less frequently with intravenous thrombolysis compared with men stroke patients and the two genders seem to respond differently to aspirin and statins.
further research is warranted on these important topics , as human population is continuously aging and becoming more obese.
in this context , the causes of gender differences in stroke prevalence and outcome and the obesity-stroke paradox should be further investigated in future studies.
multiple system atrophy ( msa ) is a fatal oligodendrogliopathy characterized by prominent α-synuclein inclusions resulting in a neuronal multisystem degeneration.
until recently msa was widely conceived as a nongenetic disorder.
however , during the last years a few postmortem verified mendelian pedigrees have been reported consistent with monogenic disease in rare cases of msa.
in this review , we discuss the emerging evidence in favor of genetic players in msa.
aging coincides with a decline in llms.
preserving llms may be considered a very important determinant of functional independence in the elderly.
to maintain llms the question arises whether habitual physical activities ( hpa ) can prevent a decline in llms.
this review aims to determine the relationship between hpa throughout life and llms above age @number@
using relevant databases and keywords , @number@ studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and where possible , a meta-analysis was performed.
the effects of normal aging and orthopedic conditions on gait patterns during customary walking have been extensively investigated.
the aim of this study was to investigate sex-specific differences in gait among older adults.
in summary , women's gait is characterized by greater ankle rom than men while men tend to have greater hip rom than women.
as the body ages , it undergoes a multitude of changes.
some of these changes are visible , whereas others are not and may be elicited during the patient encounter.
some gastrointestinal issues may be more common in the elderly population and possibly in older women.
this article comprehensively reviews gastrointestinal issues that commonly afflict the elderly female population.
diastolic heart failure ( dhf ) is an important entity , the significance of which is increasingly recognized.
this report examines the available evidence regarding the role , significance , and mechanisms of dhf.
epidemiologic studies have documented the rising burden of dhf , and experimental data are revealing the unique mechanisms distinguishing it from systolic heart failure.
the mechanisms underlying dhf include abnormal matrix dynamics , altered myocyte cytoskeleton , and impaired active relaxation.
novel therapeutic targets that address the pathophysiology of this disease are under consideration , although there are no proven therapies for dhf to date.
exacerbating factors include volume and sodium indiscretion , arrhythmias , ischemia , and comorbidities.
strategies to ameliorate or to obviate these precipitating factors are most effective in preventing dhf and its exacerbations.
meanwhile , prevention of dhf through appropriate and aggressive risk factor identification and management must remain the cornerstone of clinical intervention.
physical signs of old age may be obvious , but mental and cognitive changes require more careful observation.
changes in behavior may represent the earliest indications of medical problems , or disorders of the central nervous system , and these may be bidirectional.
cognitive dysfunction syndrome is underdiagnosed and affects a substantial portion of aged companion animals.
this article describes potential treatment regimens to address age-related behavioral problems , as well as a framework for investigating differential diagnoses.
early identification of changes in behavior is essential for the adequate treatment and management of medical and behavioral problems , and for monitoring outcomes.
veterinarians and their v-teams must overcome this insensitive attitude about life-limiting disease.
we found that older adults had significantly smaller callosal area in the anterior and mid-body of the cc than young adults.
furthermore , older adults with larger size in these callosal areas performed better on assessments of working memory and processing speed.
the ageing population is currently one of the main issues facing uk healthcare systems.
nurses of the future will be faced with the task of caring for this elderly population.
meanwhile , care standards and government policies have emphasized the need for preparing students to care for the older people.
preparing nursing students to meet the care needs of an expanding ageing population is a challenge for nursing education.
oxidative stress is known to play a relevant role in down syndrome ( ds ) and its effects are documented from embryonic life.
possible limitations of the previous study were : time of treatment ( @number@ months ) or spectrum of dna lesions detected.
the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier may relate to endothelial cell activation and activated monocytes / macrophages.
neopterin , sicam-1 and svcam-1 levels were higher in patients with extensive csvd manifestations than in those without ( p < @number@ ) .
neopterin levels independently related to higher numbers of enlarged virchow robin spaces ( p < @number@ ) .
an inflammatory process with activated monocytes / macrophages may play a role in the increased permeability of the blood brain barrier in patients with csvd.
dry skin is a common problem in the older individual due to physiological changes of the aging process as well as chronic health conditions.
dry skin can worsen if management is inappropriate or lacking.
the representation of social interaction in episodic memory is a critical factor for the successful navigation of social relationships.
in general , it is important to separate episodic memory during social interaction from episodic memory during the self-generation of action events.
different cortical representations have been associated with social interaction vs. self-generated episodic memory.
the experiment was comprised of four conditions and we looked at two situations that involved a social context and non-social ( solitary ) context task.
the stimuli for the recognition session consisted of learned words and novel words.
sensorimotor performance declines with normal aging.
cortical motor threshold of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle , intracortical inhibition and facilitation were measured.
the sai , motor thresholds and intracortical inhibition and facilitation were not age-related.
depression commonly occurs in conjunction with a variety of medical conditions.
in addition , family members who care for patients with medical diagnoses often suffer from depression.
therefore , in addition to treating illnesses , physicians and other healthcare professionals are often faced with managing secondary mental health consequences.
we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between activity restriction and depression in medical patients and their caregivers.
effect sizes were calculated as pearson r correlations using random-effects models.
the correlation between activity restriction and depression was positive and of large magnitude ( r = @number@ @percent@ ci , .34-0.44 ) .
assessment and treatment of activity restriction may be particularly helpful in preventing depression.
ideal oncology drugs would be curative after a short treatment course if they could eliminate epithelium-originated carcinomas at their non-invasive , pre-malignant stages.
we here illustrate how system biology strategies for repositioning existing fda-approved drugs may accelerate our therapeutic capacity to eliminate csc traits in pre-invasive intraepithelial neoplasias.
first , we describe a signalling network signature that overrides bioenergetics stress- and oncogene-induced senescence ( ois ) phenomena in cscs residing at pre-invasive lesions.
atq3 is orally bioavailable , crosses the blood-brain barrier , and has demonstrated clinical response in inherited mitochondrial disease in open label studies.
atq3 activity is dependent upon reversible 2e-redox-cycling.
background : n-acetylglucosamine ( glcnac ) and its derivates have been utilized in dietary supplements and for therapeutic development due to their unique characteristics.
objective : we investigated the protective effects of glcnac on immortalized human skin fibroblasts ( hs68 ) against uvb damage.
we then explored the inhibitory effects of glcnac on uvb-induced collagenases and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying those effects.
methods : those effects were assessed by semi-quantitative pcr , western blotting and enzymatic activity assays.
results : glcnac increased the viability of , and inhibited ros production in , hs68 cells exposed to uvb irradiation.
pre-treatment of hs68 cells with glcnac inhibited uvb-induced production of the collagenases mmp-1 and mmp-13.
western blot analysis further revealed that glcnac markedly suppressed the enhancement of collagen degradation in uvb-exposed hs68 cells.
they may thus be potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
the patients reported a mean age of onset of @number@ years ( range = 13-38 , sd = 6 ) .
objectives : this study aimed to identify participant characteristics associated with volunteering among older adults.
logistic regression analyses revealed that volunteering was less observed among hispanics ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
a small body of literature also suggests that chemokine-mediated angiogenesis may comprise a contributing factor to bph / luts development and progression.
unlabelled : substantial data have accumulated over the past decade indicating that the adult brain is capable of substantial structural and functional reorganization after stroke.
risk stratification models are effective tools for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
we studied @number@ consecutive patients initially hospitalized in our institution from @date@ to @date@ .
the survival rate predicted by shfm demonstrated an excellent correlation with the actual survival rate ( r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
background : african americans have historically had high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) compared with other races and ethnicities.
objective : we sought to characterize whether there is a cross-sectional association between age and hdl-c in a contemporary community-based study of african americans.
sex was a significant effect modifier of this relationship , whereby the increase in hdl-c with age was steeper for women than for men.
conclusions : cross-sectional analysis found a positive association of hdl-c with age while controlling for triglycerides.
careful evaluation of longitudinal data will be needed to confirm whether this is a true effect of aging , or a cohort or survivor effect.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aggressive surgical treatment in managing uncontrollable elevated intracranial pressure coupled with early skull reconstruction.
results : the emergency decompressive surgery was performed within @number@ hours ( median @number@ hours , range 6-28 hours ) after sustaining the head injury.
the median preoperative glasgow coma scale score was @date@ ( range 3- @date@ ) .
however , this has not led to a corresponding increase in the analysis of large and complex proteins.
a major obstacle is that the new cross-linkers are either not readily available and / or have a low reactivity.
by this approach we generate cross-link data sufficient to derive structural information for large and complex proteins.
crosswork searches batches of tandem mass-spectrometric data , and identifies cross-linked and non-cross-linked peptides using a standard pc.
we further investigated the structure of the multi-domain erp72 , and combined the individual domains of erp72 into a single structure.
dna damage and mutations of different types clearly accumulate with age in mammalian tissues.
markets are mechanisms of social exchange , intended to facilitate trading.
impaired decision-makers displayed higher prediction error ( difference between their prediction and actual outcome ) .
lower in vivo caudate volume was also associated with higher prediction error.
importantly , market-based trading protected older adults with lower caudate volume to a greater extent from their own poorly calibrated predictions.
ltl dynamics ( birth ltl and its age-dependent attrition thereafter ) mirror telomere dynamics in hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) .
methods : a total of @number@ subjects aged @number@ - @number@ years old were recruited from @number@ chinese cities in @number@
they received a total of @number@ physical , morphological , physiologic and biochemical examinations.
the biological age score equation was employed to compute the individual biological age scores for all subjects.
then the biological age score was taken as a dependent variable and the chronological age as an independent variable for linear regression.
at the same time , the differences of @number@ biomarkers were observed in different aging groups in @number@ age groups.
( @number@ ) a comparison of biomarkers among aging groups : there were significant differences in pp among @number@ aging groups in @number@ age groups.
there were significant differences in edv among @number@ aging groups in @number@ age groups.
edv increased significantly in early aging group to normal aging group and delayed aging group.
there were significant changes in imt , mvel , e / a , cysc and fib among aging groups in different age groups.
conclusion : ( @number@ ) biological age score plays an essential role in the evaluation of aging.
( @number@ ) the above @number@ biomarkers are competent for the evaluation of aging.
they can not only be used to construct biological age score equation , but also provide clinical targeted interventions for aging.
microrna ( mirna ) is thought to be involved in cardiovascular regulation.
however , little is known about whether polymorphisms in genes that process micrornas influence response to pollutant exposure.
we also investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in mirna-processing genes modify these associations.
we selected @number@ snps in five mirna-processing genes.
mixed-effects models were used to assess effects of pollutants , snps , and interactions under recessive inheritance models using repeated measures.
results : @number@ participants with @number@ observations and 1-5 visits were included in our analyses for black carbon and pm2.5.
sulfate data was available for @number@ participants with @number@ observations.
no significant associations were observed for black carbon.
in interaction models with pm2.5 , both sicam-1 and svcam-1 levels were lower in rs1062923 homozygous carriers.
these interactions remained significant after multiple comparisons adjustment.
conclusions : pm2.5 seven day moving averages are associated with higher sicam-1 and svcam-1 levels.
so4-2 seven day moving averages are associated with higher sicam-1 and a suggestive association was observed with svcam-1 in aging men.
snps in mirna-processing genes may modify associations between ambient pollution and sicam-1 and svcam-1 , which are correlates of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
cause of death was classified as follows : malignant neoplasms , dementia , circulatory disease , respiratory disease , digestive system disease , and other.
results : mean follow-up was @number@ years ( range 0-9 years ) .
overall 1-year postoperative mortality was @percent@ and mortality after hip fracture at the end of the follow-up was @percent@.
among hip surgery patients , the most common causes of death were circulatory diseases , followed by dementia and alzheimer's disease.
after hip fracture , men were more likely than women to die from respiratory disease , malignant neoplasm , and circulatory disease.
the population is aging , the prevalence of heart failure increases with age , and on average women live longer than men.
there is evidence for sex-specific effects of individual , guideline-recommended drugs used for treatment of chronic heart failure.
women are underrepresented in most clinical trials and only a minority of drug applications to regulatory authorities have included sex analyses.
background / aims : difficulties with bathing are frequent among older people and are associated with an increasing need for societal support.
methods : a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was used , in which participants with reported difficulties in bathing were recruited consecutively from two municipalities.
the clients in the intervention group routinely received occupational therapy , whereas clients in the control group received assistance from a home help for bathing.
activities of daily living , quality of life and home-help allocation were assessed at the baseline and after @number@ weeks.
seventy per cent of the interventions were adaptive.
activities of daily living and quality of life of both groups improved , but the differences of being allocated a home help were significant.
areas covered : this review discusses possible strategies for dermal delivery of the antioxidant vitamins e and c , as oral supplementation has proved insufficient.
these antioxidants have low skin bioavailability , owing to their poor solubility , inefficient skin permeability , or instability during storage.
these drawbacks can be overcome by various approaches , such as chemical modification of the vitamins and the use of new colloidal drug delivery systems.
purpose : epidemiological evidence suggests that ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation and oxidative stress play an important role in age-related cataract pathogenesis.
uv irradiation and oxidative stress can produce a wide range of dna damage.
polymorphisms of dna repair enzymes may affect repair efficiency and the role of dna repair mechanisms has received attention recently in age-related cataract pathogenesis.
results : there was a significant difference between the case and control groups in the xrcc1399 genotype.
no statistically significant difference was found in the genotypic and allelic distributions of the polymorphisms in the xpd gene between the groups.
conclusions : these results suggest that polymorphisms in xrcc1 codon @number@ may be associated with the development of age-related cataract in han chinese.
atrioventricular ( av ) conduction time ( pr interval ) lengthens with age.
hypertension is often presented as an accelerated aging of the heart and arteries.
the principal marker of arterial aging is an increase in arterial stiffness and pulse pressure.
long-term evolution of the pr interval and related factors were obtained during follow-up of this population.
baseline data were obtained in @number@ untreated hypertensive patients.
at baseline , four variables emerged as significantly and independently correlated with pr interval : gender , age , weight , and heart rate.
during follow-up ( @number@ ± @number@ months ) , @number@ of these patients were re-examined.
this study shows a link between baseline increased pulse pressure or arterial stiffness with the prolongation of the pr interval with aging.
because this link was observed during follow-up , it is possible that increased arterial stiffness favors the increase in the pr interval with age.
the parameters of subjective well-being in teachers and their significance in a possible reduction in work capacity and precocious retirement were studied.
the availability of an adequate household food supply is critical for the older population.
@percent@ of participants experienced food insecurity , with @percent@ experiencing very low food security.
very low food security was associated with being born in mexico , adjusting for household income and food assistance program participation.
compositional level measures of collective social functioning are important associates of food insecurity among older adults and seniors , regardless of severity.
using data from the nutrition and function study , @percent@ reported high levels of depressive symptoms and @percent@ indicated not receiving needed health care.
other indicators of material hardship , such as having a major financial difficulty , unmet health need , and inadequate housing , were not significant.
by far , food insecurity was the most salient influence on depressive symptoms.
these findings have important implications for service providers , researchers , and policymakers.
as a nation , we face a shortage of individuals to serve our aging population.
therefore , the recruitment of undergraduate students into gerontology programs is an important , although challenging task.
the issues of rising numbers of disasters , overwhelming increases in number of older adults , and historically flawed evacuations present real challenges.
during the next two decades , the number of american baby boomers , who turn @number@ will increase by @percent@.
as evidenced by recent disasters , the imperfections and vulnerabilities of flawed evacuations for older adults are still present.
this study examined the level of willingness to evacuate among older adults in the event of a disaster.
despite the extensive literature on disasters and evacuation , a significant question regarding evacuation and older adults has not been addressed.
a group administered survey ( the disaster evacuation survey ) included a total of @number@ questions.
the findings revealed that older adults are more likely to comply with a mandatory evacuation order.
important practical implications for emergency officials responding to vulnerable older adults in disaster situations are also provided.
in the whole study population , dvt was strongly associated with fmd ( risk factors adjusted β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
aging per se may be associated with physiologic abnormalities in the systemic arteries and with endothelial dysfunction.
the pathological processes of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases engender synaptic and neuronal cell damage.
analogous to phosphorylation and other posttranslational modifications , s-nitrosylation can regulate the biological activity of many proteins.
background : the estimated life expectancy of older persons is an important component of medical decision-making.
to date , no data are available on the accuracy of health care professionals in estimating the remaining life expectancy of older subjects.
medical doctors , especially those not specialized in geriatrics , estimated worst.
conclusions : underestimation of the remaining life expectancy of older people is prevalent in health care professionals and may lead to patients being managed inappropriately.
this underscores the need for further studies and better training on this issue in health care education.
osteoporosis is a common disorder in aging populations that imposes considerable health problems.
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b ( trap-5b ) is derived from osteoclasts , and is involved in normal bone homeostasis.
recently , a novel assay system for trap-5b , the fragments absorbed immunocapture enzymatic assay method , has been developed.
in conclusion , the elevated serum level of trap-5b is independently correlated with the decreased bmd in women , but not in men.
the anti-aging effects of phloridzin on the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated by employing a replicative lifespan assay of the k6001 yeast strain.
to determine the mechanism of action , anti-oxidative experiments and ros assay were performed.
finally , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) and sirt1 activity assays showed that phloridzin notably increased the activity of sod and sirt1.
patients and methods : cancer patients diagnosed in 1997-2006 were included.
period analysis was employed to calculate 5-year relative survival for @number@ cancers for 2002-2006.
german and usa survival rates were compared utilizing the surveillance , epidemiology and end results @number@ database.
for the majority of cancers , german survival estimates were close to or below those in the united states.
exceptions with higher survival in germany were cancers of the stomach , pancreas and kidney and hodgkin's lymphoma.
conclusions : german cancer survival estimates are mostly higher than the 2000-2002 pan-european estimates.
further research is needed to investigate causes responsible for differences between german and usa cancer survival rates.
the prevalence of erectile dysfunction is high in men of all ages and increases greatly in the elderly.
in particular , severity and prevalence both increase with aging.
physical inactivity negatively impacts on erectile function ; experimental and clinical exercise interventions have been shown to improve sexual responses and overall cardiovascular health.
this brief review shows the main clinical evidence of benefits induced by physical activity on erectile and endothelial dysfunction.
there are conflicting data regarding the effects of exercise on androgen status.
in clinical practice it would be recommended to add regular physical activity to balanced diet and drugs to achieve better therapeutic results.
background and purpose : cerebral microbleeds ( mbs ) are frequently detected in patients with stroke , especially those who experience intracerebral hemorrhage.
however , the clinical significance of mbs in subjects without cerebrovascular disease is still unclear.
we performed a prospective study to determine whether the presence of mbs provides useful prognostic information in healthy elderly individuals.
an initial assessment was performed to document the presence of mbs and silent ischemic brain lesions and to map the location of the mbs.
during the follow-up period , we obtained information about stroke events that occurred in each subject.
results : mbs were detected in @number@ of the @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) .
strokes occurred in @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) during the follow-up period.
they were significantly more common among subjects with mbs.
age and hypertension were independent risk factors for mbs.
all hemorrhagic strokes occurred in deep brain regions , and they were associated with mbs located in the deep brain region.
this article examines the frequency and effects of dsi in older age and notes limitations in the evidence.
methods : search of electronic databases of published papers.
results : dsi diminishes communication and well-being and can cause social isolation , depression , reduced independence , mortality , and cognitive impairment.
discussion : although intuitively dsi may be expected to have additional impacts over single sensory impairment , research findings are inconclusive.
background : aging is responsible for degenerative changes in all cartilage elements , thus impairing its properties and healing potential.
most studies on surgical procedures for cartilage focus on young patients because these procedures are generally not considered suitable for older patients.
study design : case series ; level of evidence , @number@
twenty-two patients were treated with arthroscopic hyalograft c implantation , and @number@ underwent the open chondro-gide maci procedure.
results : a significant improvement in both subjective and objective evaluations was observed.
the international knee documentation committee ( ikdc ) subjective score improved from @number@ ± @number@ to @number@ ± @number@ at the final evaluation.
the failure rate was @percent@.
these findings were consistent in the @number@ treatment groups.
the only difference was the faster recovery when the arthroscopic approach was used.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in old age is an increasing problem.
understanding the features of copd in older patients is important in order to introduce effective interventions and to inform efforts for health resource allocation.
features of importance to old age include increased prevalence of copd in non-smokers and rise in the rate of systemic comorbidities.
impaired cognitive functions as well as problems affecting hand joints make using inhaled medications less reliable which leads to further deterioration of outcome of care.
even for those who are competent in using inhalers , the evidence for their efficacy in older patients is not certain.
to understand the pathophysiology underlying the vascular lesions in ccm , it is critical to develop a reproducible mouse genetic model of this disease.
these findings confirm and extend prior studies.
the ccm lesions also exhibit damaged neuronal architecture , the likely cause of neurologic defects , such as ataxia and seizure.
much remains unknown about hippocampal sclerosis associated with ageing.
we focused on the subset of cases with neuropathology-confirmed hippocampal sclerosis ( n = 106 ) .
aberrant tar dna protein @number@ immunohistochemistry was seen in @percent@ of hippocampal sclerosis positive patients compared with @percent@ of hippocampal sclerosis negative patients.
there was no association between cases with hippocampal sclerosis associated with ageing and apolipoprotein e genotype.
these individuals were followed from intake assessment , with @number@ ( average ) longitudinal cognitive assessments.
this may provide a first step in clinical differentiation of hippocampal sclerosis associated with ageing versus pure alzheimer's disease in their earliest stages.
there is a growing awareness of the need for improved treatment and care of older adults with epilepsy.
the present review article highlights key clinical and research issues in the emerging field of geriatric epilepsy.
dr. hope will outline key issues , as well as her work , relating to defining and measuring quality care in geriatric epilepsy.
of the analysed snps was associated with cag.
however , large studies are needed to disclose or exclude potential weak associations of these snps with cag risk.
there is an increasing awareness that posterior atrophy ( pa ) is important in ad and may aid the differentiation of ad from ftld.
visual rating scales are a convenient way of assessing atrophy in a clinical setting.
anatomical correspondence of mta and pa was assessed using manually-delineated regions of the hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus , respectively.
both mta and pa scales showed good inter- and intrarater reliabilities ( kappa > @number@ ) .
mta scores showed a good correspondence with manual hippocampal volumes.
thirty percent of the ad patients showed pa in the absence of mta.
adding the pa to the mta scale improved discrimination of ad from ftld , and early-onset ad from normal aging.
these results underline the importance of considering pa in ad diagnosis , particularly in younger patients where medial temporal atrophy may be less conspicuous.
the ces-d was assessed in both samples.
three strategies were used in the data analysis procedure.
second , the best fitting model was incorporated into a multi-group cfa model to test measurement invariance of the ces-d across the two population groups.
third , latent mean differences between the two groups were tested.
however , only partial scalar and uniqueness invariance of the ces-d items was supported.
latent means in the partial invariant model were lower for the dutch sample , compared to the chinese sample.
however , for some specific factors and items , caution is required when comparing the depressive symptoms between chinese and dutch elderly groups.
background : peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator ( pgc ) -1α is a transcriptional co-activator of antioxidant genes and a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and recent work suggests a role for pgc-1α.
we hypothesized that the rs8192678 pgc-1α single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) may influence risk or age of onset of pd.
the a10398g mitochondrial snp has been inversely associated with risk of pd in some studies.
adjustments were made for age of onset being less than the age of sampling , and for the observed dependence between these two ages.
results : the rs8192678 pgc-1α snp was not associated with the risk of pd.
however , an association of the pgc-1α rs8192678 gg variant with longevity was seen in control subjects ( p = 0.019 ) .
the rs2970848 gg allele was associated with risk of late onset pd ( p = 0.027 ) .
if replicated in other datasets , these findings may have important implications regarding the role of pgc-1α in pd and longevity.
exercise programs may be helpful , but their immediate effects cannot be examined during the initial modified barium swallow.
exercise programs can be evaluated on a second radiographic study 3-4 weeks later.
the resultant report should include all of this information.
the speech-language pathologist is usually the professional most involved in the evaluation and treatment.
medications and surgery have a very limited role in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
fourteen participants representing nine community and health service organisations located in the melbourne metropolitan area took part in semi-structured interviews.
participants reported that partnerships between organisations are necessary and beneficial within the emcac sector.
organisational capacity , access to information and guidelines , and the inequality experienced by smaller organisations were key issues identified by participants.
further investigation is required to examine whether not engaging in partnerships will deem an organisation unsustainable in the longer term.
it has not been studied in older people with a high prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency.
objective : this study investigates the association between vitamin d status and the metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older persons in the netherlands.
a total of @number@ subjects ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years participated in the study.
measurements : metabolic syndrome ( u.s. national cholesterol education program definition ) and its individual components were assessed as well as serum @number@ ohd levels.
results : among the participants , the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 37·0%.
the mean @number@ ohd level was 53·3 nm ; 47·8% had @number@ ohd levels below @number@ nm.
the association between vitamin d deficiency and the metabolic syndrome was mainly determined by the components low hdl and ( high ) waist circumference.
cancer in elderly patients is an increasingly common problem.
older patients have more co-morbidity , therefore the toxic effects of chemotherapy treatment are less tolerable compared to younger patients.
recently , studies have shown a different genetic susceptibility in cardiovascular toxicity induced by therapy with pbcs.
resveratrol , especially , has been shown to increase the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin.
this article reviews the current state of treatment with pbcs and their associated risk for cardiovascular disease.
it discusses the most powerful antioxidant supplementation options as a possible strategy to reduce the cardiovascular toxicity effects of chemotherapy in the elderly.
a total of @number@ nonatopic , nonsmoker healthy subjects aged ≥50 years underwent sputum induction and blood cell count.
sputum samples were processed and then were analyzed by optical microscopy.
differential cell counts were reported as percentages and amount of cells / mg.
results : sputum cell distribution of healthy subjects aged ≥50 years was mainly composed of neutrophils.
this correlation was more evident in women ( n = 35 ) than in men ( n = 35 ) .
no correlation was found between blood neutrophils and age.
the increase in sputum neutrophils was not secondary to an increase in blood neutrophils.
these results could be useful in clinical and experimental settings as reference values to compare with data from subjects aged over @number@ years.
these data showed that sputum neutrophila can be dissociated from airway symptoms and could create a favorable background for the development of age-related lung diseases.
npy ( @number@ nm ) stimulated the proliferation of all bone marrow cells age groups , and their proliferation was blocked by y5r antagonist.
however , the pro-proliferative effect of npy on old bone marrow cells was weaker than other cell groups due to lower y5r expression.
stimulation of old bone marrow cells by npy treatment rejuvenated the growth characteristics of aging bone marrow cells as a result of y5r overexpression.
detention order papers were scrutinized , the detaining practitioners were interviewed and case records were examined.
appropriate statistical analyses were performed.
for the @number@ detentions , subjects were caucasian , male ( @percent@ ) and @percent@ were aged @number@ years or older.
detention rates ranged from @number@ to @number@ per @number@ over-65s.
seventy-five percent of patients had an organic disorder , @percent@ exhibiting psychotic symptoms.
the older group had higher rates of confusion , organic diagnoses , but lower levels of previous psychiatric admissions.
consultants were more likely to detain patients with a wider variety of disorders , with more admissions to and detentions in psychiatric hospital care.
final detention outcomes were significantly different between the consultant and non-consultant groups.
for these reasons , dementia in japan has become common , and more than half of all cases are alzheimer disease.
alzheimer's disease is a 100-year-old concept.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , lipid alterations are present early during disease progression.
in addition , the peroxisomal volume density was increased in the soma of neurons in gyrus frontalis at advanced ad stages.
these results indicate substantial peroxisome-related alterations in ad , which may contribute to the progression of ad pathology.
a recent editorial entitled \ "state of aggregation \ " ( nat.
neurosci.
objectives : we evaluated anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in elderly japanese.
anthropometric parameters and physical fitness , i.e. , muscle strength and flexibility , were measured.
results : muscle strength in subjects in their 70s was significantly lower than that in subjects in their 60s in both sexes.
two hundred and twenty-nine men ( @percent@ ) and @number@ women ( @percent@ ) were taking no medications.
conclusion : this mean value may provide a useful database for evaluating anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in elderly japanese subjects.
this study evaluated bond strength of non-aged and aged resin composite to an indirect resin composite and pressed glass ceramic using two resin cements.
all specimens were cemented under a load of @number@ g.
shear force was applied to the adhesive interface in a universal testing machine ( @number@ mm / min ) .
failure types of the specimens were identified after debonding.
interaction terms were also significant ( p < @number@ ) ( tukey's test ) .
purpose : zirconia-based ceramics offer strong restorations in dentistry , but the adhesive bond strength of resin cements to such ceramics is not optimal.
the glazed specimens were then conditioned with @percent@ hf acid gel for @number@ s , rinsed with water for @number@ s , and neutralized.
the glazed and non-glazed specimens were further divided into two groups.
two resin cements , namely , variolink ii and multilink automix were adhered onto the zirconia surfaces with their corresponding adhesive systems.
in the variolink ii group , zirconia surfaces were silanized ( monobond-s ) , and adhesive resin ( heliobond ) was applied and photopolymerized.
data were analyzed using three-way anova and dunnett-t3 post-hoc tests.
interaction terms were also significant ( p < @number@ ) ( dunnett-t3 ) .
thermocycling did not decrease the results significantly in any of the groups ( p > @number@ ) .
after etching , adpersinglebond ( 3m espe ) adhesive was applied and the tooth was built up with a composite ( filtek z250 ) .
also , the knoop hardness ( khn ) of young vs old dentin was measured.
two-way anova showed no difference in μtbs between young and old dentin.
old dentin acid etched for @number@ s ( g15o ) had a lower μtbs than when acid etched for @number@ s ( g30o ) .
no correlation between μtbs and dentin hardness was observed.
resin tags were larger and more numerous for young dentin.
the hybrid layer formed in intertubular old dentin ( g15o ) was very thin.
purpose : to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on the presence of collagen in aged resin-dentin bonds produced on sound and caries-affected dentin.
materials and methods : flat dentin surfaces were obtained from @number@ sound molars , from which @number@ were microbiologically processed for induction of caries.
single bond @number@ was applied to both sound and caries-affected substrates.
specimens ( @date@ @date@ mm ) were produced and stored in water for @number@ h , or @number@ months in either water or mineral oil.
the specimens were subjected to histological processing and sections were stained with goldner's trichrome.
results : there was no statistically significant difference ( p > @number@ ) between sound and caries-affected dentin regardless of the storage condition.
for both substrates , significantly greater collagen exposure was observed after @number@ months in water.
conclusion : aging in water resulted in degradation of the resin-dentin bond , as demonstrated by the increase of the zone of exposed collagen.
however , the degradation of the exposed collagen was decelerated in the presence of chlorhexidine.
objective : to study the effectiveness of simply-performed balancing exercises in fall prevention.
design : pre- and post-trial.
setting : university hospital from @date@ to @date@ .
participants : elderly with falls in the previous year.
intervention : simple balancing exercise was performed at home every day and was recorded in the booklet.
fear of falling and quality of life scores were assessed at baseline and 12-month periods.
results : @number@ subjects were recruited , @number@ female ( @percent@ ) with a mean age of @number@ years.
at the end of the study , @percent@ of participants had not fallen.
most subjects ( 72%-79% ) complied well with the exercise program.
however , compliance had no effect on balancing abilities.
about @percent@ of participants had adverse events from exercise , of which knee pain was the top ranked.
the quality of life and the fall efficacy scores increased significantly at the end of the study.
however , strategies to encourage elderly compliance may prevent falling.
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis , there is no significant difference between zol and risedronate for new fractures.
zol is not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment.
vitamin d deficiency should be corrected before the administration of zol.
diverse effects of memory training were observed in the literature.
one possible factor is the amount of concurrent cognitive training received during the training program.
in this pilot study , we recruited @number@ elderly adults with or without concurrent cognitive stimulations to attend a memory-training program.
findings suggested that elderly people without concurrent cognitive stimulation could benefit from a memory-training program in the form of improved initiation and memory functioning.
self-rated quality of life measure also showed improvements alongside the cognitive benefits.
our preliminary findings suggested nonlinear concurrent cognitive stimulation in the elderly.
public interest alberta's seniors task force members are deeply concerned about the privatization of long-term care in alberta that began during the klein era.
the move away from publicly funded and publicly administered long-term care is accelerating under the leadership of premier ed stelmach.
in making this shift , government will harvest short-term gain that can only result in long-term pain for people in need of such services.
these realities should inform the debates around the construction of the continuum of care.
here we show that antibodies capable to bind α7 ( 1-208 ) are present in the blood of both healthy humans and ad patients.
elevated antibody levels were accompanied with decreased surface nachrs on the blood lymphocytes of children and of mice immunized with α7 ( 1-208 ) .
in the present work , 3xtgad and wild type 129 / c57bl6 male and female non- and environmentally enriched mice were used.
the enriched environment ( ee ) began in the adulthood ( @number@ months ) and lasted for @number@ months.
the animals were sacrificed at advanced stages of the disease ( @number@ month-old ) , and spleen , thymus , and plasma were obtained.
oxidative stress has been associated with normal aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , little is known about oxidative stress in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) patients who present a high risk for developing ad.
gr / gpx activity ratio was calculated to better assess antioxidant defenses.
the relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive performance was also evaluated by the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
ad patients showed higher mda levels than both mci and healthy elderly subjects.
mci subjects also exhibited higher mda levels compared to controls.
catalase and gpx activity were similar in mci and healthy individuals but higher in ad.
gr activity was lower in mci and ad patients than in healthy aged subjects.
additionally , gr / gpx ratio was higher in healthy aged subjects , intermediate in mci and lower in ad patients.
no differences in gst activity were detected among the groups.
mda levels were also negatively correlated to gr / gpx ratio ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) in the ad group.
these results suggest that high lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defenses may be present early in cognitive disorders.
background : asian populations habitually consume a large amount of cruciferous vegetables and other plant-based foods.
few epidemiologic investigations have evaluated the potential health effects of these foods in asian populations.
dietary intakes were assessed at baseline through in-person interviews by using validated food-frequency questionnaires.
deaths were ascertained by biennial home visits and linkage with vital statistics registries.
the inverse associations were primarily related to cardiovascular disease mortality but not to cancer mortality.
conclusion : our findings support recommendations to increase consumption of vegetables , particularly cruciferous vegetables , and fruit to promote cardiovascular health and overall longevity.
objective : we sought to examine the relation between plasma phospholipid n-3 fas and incident diabetes.
plasma phospholipid n-3 fas were measured by using gas chromatography , and incident diabetes was ascertained by using information on hypoglycemic agents and serum glucose.
we used cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risks.
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ y , @number@ new cases of diabetes occurred.
conclusions : with the use of objective biomarkers , long-chain n-3 fas and ala were not associated with a higher incidence of diabetes.
individuals with the highest concentrations of both types of fas had lower risk of diabetes.
background : rapid aging of the population worldwide necessitates a heightened concern about preventing cognitive decline.
objective : we investigated the effects of b vitamins and omega-3 ( n-3 ) fatty acid supplementation on cognition in a high-risk population.
cognitive function after @number@ y of supplementation was assessed with the french version of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status.
conclusions : if present , dietary effects on cognition are likely group-specific.
these results could be useful in interventions aimed at preventing cognitive decline in high-risk individuals.
this trial is registered at controlled-trials.com as isrctn41926726.
objective : the objective of this research was to devise a simple , rapid method for the measurement of unmetabolized plasma fa in epidemiologic studies.
results : we identified fa and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ( 5-mthf ) by retention time and characteristic response across the channels of the electrochemical detector.
the run time for the method was @number@ min per sample.
researchers can use this method with longer run times to measure the distribution of folate forms in rbcs.
conclusion : this updated method allows efficient analysis of folate forms in human plasma and tissues without the loss of sensitivity or precision.
objective : to determine the patterns of diffusivity associated with cognitive domain functions in older adults without dementia.
memory , language , attention / executive function , and visual-spatial processing domains were assessed within @number@ months of the mri examination.
a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-based dti sequence that enabled uncontaminated cortical diffusion measurements was performed.
associations between cortical mean diffusivity ( md ) and cognitive function were tested using voxel-based regression analysis.
association between tract diffusivity and cognitive function was tested with regions of interest drawn on color-coded fractional anisotropy ( fa ) maps.
conclusion : specific cognitive domain functions are associated with distinct patterns of cortical and white matter diffusivity in elderly with no dementia.
microstructural changes identified on dti may be associated with neurodegenerative pathologies underlying cognitive changes in older adults without dementia.
basal layer cells in stratified epithelia express the reverse transcriptase known as telomerase.
late generation telomerase deficient mice exhibit signs of premature aging including reduced function of proliferating cellular compartments.
we examined development of squamous cell carcinoma in a telomerase deficient murine background with long and short telomeres.
however , g5 terc- / - mice with short telomeres had increased metastatic tumor burden similar to wild type mice.
this increased metastasis correlated with genomic instability and aneuploidy in tumor cells from g5 terc- / - mice.
we concluded that telomere shortening promotes metastatic tumor development in a terc null mouse model of head and neck cancer.
this could be particularly important for many elderly people with age-related loss of sensorimotor function and a reduced ability to recover balance.
in an iterative dialog with the experimenter , the stick was moved until it was at the furthest distance they estimated to be reached successfully.
at this point , participants were asked to attempt to retrieve the stick.
actual maximal reach was then measured.
the difference between attempted reach and actual maximal reach provided a measure of judgment error.
one-year retrospective fall rates were obtained at initial assessment and prospective falls were monitored by monthly calendar.
results : participants with poor maximal reach attempted shorter reaches than those who had good reaching ability.
fall rates were significantly associated with reach distance but not with reach judgment error.
conclusions : maximal reach but not error in perceived reach is associated with falls in older people.
background : aging in humans is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength known as sarcopenia.
although these aspects of sarcopenia have been well studied , the molecular mechanisms leading to its development are still unclear.
results : we identified @number@ novel genes that are essential for the delay in the onset of sarcopenia in daf-2 mutants.
the identified genes include splicing factors , vacuolar sorting proteins , transcription factors , and metabolic enzymes.
conclusions : our results demonstrate that at least in worms , specific genetic pathways that modify the development of sarcopenia can be identified.
background : evidence suggests that gait is influenced by higher order cognitive and cortical control mechanisms.
however , less is known about the functional correlates of cortical control of gait.
furthermore , the group-by-task interaction was significant in @number@ channels with young participants showing greater wwt-related increase in hbo2 levels compared with the old participants.
this effect was modified by age suggesting that older adults may under-utilize the pfc in attention-demanding locomotion tasks.
we examined end-of-life treatment preferences and days of desired life for several health scenarios among male inmates incarcerated primarily for murder.
minority inmates desired cardiopulmonary resuscitation or feeding tubes only if they believed that they would be paroled.
the model predicting desire for palliative care was not significant.
future days of desired life were related to prospective health condition , fear of death , negative affect , and trust in prison health care.
minorities wanted more days of life than caucasians but only if they believed that they would be paroled.
implications : end-of-life care for the burgeoning inmate population is costly , and active life-sustaining treatments may not be desired under certain conditions.
background : cd28 ( - ) t lymphocytes progressively increase during aging , autoimmunity , and hiv-1 infection.
expansion of these cells stands in contrast with their senescent phenotype described by several studies.
methods : blood samples were obtained from @number@ healthy and @number@ hiv-1-infected individuals : @number@ receiving antiretroviral therapy and @number@ naive to treatment.
the phenotype of cd28 ( - ) and cd28 ( + ) t cells was determined by flow cytometry.
t cells were activated through t-cell receptor before apoptosis and proliferation measurements.
interleukin ( il ) -2 , tumor-necrosis factor , interferon-γ , and perforin production were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
t cells from untreated patients produced less il-2 , possibly underlying their decreased proliferative abilities.
objective : the debate is a basic issue in the field of the neuropathological basis of schizophrenia ( sch ) .
neurophysiological techniques have been scarcely involved in such debate , but nonlinear analysis methods may contribute to it.
results : regression analyses indicated that lzc values were strongly dependent on age.
complexity scores increased as a function of age in controls , while sch patients exhibited a progressive reduction of lzc values.
conclusions : results demonstrated that sch patients failed to follow the \ "normal \ " process of complexity increase as a function of age.
significance : our results support the notion of a progressive defect in sch , which does not contradict the existence of a basic neurodevelopmental alteration.
in this report , we have found direct evidence on the higher survival of the hbf rich erythrocytes in scd.
remission in elderly patients has been little studied.
the present analysis utilized a european database to focus on the elderly.
using five different instruments examining remission , we report that aging did not adversely affect remission in the elderly.
management of elderly schizophrenia patients should thus be targeted towards remission.
as taiwan has become the fastest aging country in the world , developing elderly-friendly health care services is of great importance.
compared with traditional health-care service models , healthcare needs of older people may differ extensively.
overall , the prevalence of functional impairment was @percent@ , depressive symptoms @percent@ , cognitive impairment @percent@ , and abnormal timed up-and-go test @percent@.
in conclusion , patients visiting outpatient gem services in taiwan are old and well-educated , and they possessed various functional impairments.
the outpatient gem services significantly reduced the items of oral medications and improved quality of life.
the possible better compliance of this cohort due to high educational status may overestimate the clinical effectiveness of outpatient gem services.
further investigations are needed to clarify the long-term benefits of outpatient gem services.
the purpose of this study was to elucidate using time series analysis age and menopause induced differences in selected health quality related physiological factors.
stoke remains a leading cause of death and disability with limited treatment options.
the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mptp ) has been implicated as a major factor associated with stroke-induced neuronal cell death.
mptp activation and increased permeability has been shown to contribute to the events that lead to cell death.
this newfound csa-mediated neuroprotection pathway prompted research on its use to prevent cell death in stroke and other neurological conditions.
in this review , we provide an overview of the current laboratory and clinical status of csa neuroprotection.
neighborhood median family income was obtained through public census databases.
results : hierarchical linear modeling revealed age-related deterioration in hba1c values that differed by race / ethnicity and income.
blacks had higher initial hba1c values compared with whites and hispanics , but a similar rate of deterioration.
higher neighborhood income was associated with slower deterioration in hba1c value among white teens , but not among hispanic or black teens.
conclusions : longitudinally , black youth appear to experience disproportionate risks compared with white and hispanic youth when income is statistically controlled.
neither black nor hispanic youth appear to benefit from living in higher-income neighborhoods.
background : data from the us indicates that methadone-maintained populations are aging , with an increase of patients aged @number@ or older.
data from european methadone populations is sparse.
this retrospective cohort study sought to evaluate the age trends and related developments in the methadone population of basel-city , switzerland.
methods : the study included methadone patients between @date@ and @date@ .
anonymized data was taken from the methadone register of basel-city.
for analysis of age distributions , patient samples were split into four age categories from ' 20-29 years ' to ' @number@ years and over'.
cross-sectional comparisons were performed using patient samples of @number@ and @number@
results : analysis showed a significant increase in older patients between @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the average methadone dose ( p < @number@ ) and the 1-year retention rate ( p < @number@ ) also increased significantly.
many unanswered questions on medical , psychosocial and health economic consequences remain as the needs of older patients have not yet been evaluated extensively.
however , older methadone patients , just as any other patients , should be accorded treatment appropriate to their medical condition and needs.
particular attention should be paid to adequate solutions for persons in need of care.
they can also be due to reduced perivascular support , or capillary fragility and permeability , or a combination of all of these factors.
oral manifestation of senile purpura can also be induced by long periods of medication use leading to fragile areas of the mucosa.
the presence of senile purpura requires continuous follow-up since drug-induced purpura may cause plaque function alterations.
this study was performed to evaluate if portuguese patients with familial amyloidosis and in a blood donors population ( control group ) .
in both groups , the value of add-power was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.91 ; p < 0.005 ) .
familial amyloidosis patients require more add-power than control individuals of similar age , and need to use reading glasses at earlier ages.
the age of onset of presbyopia in familial amyloidosis patients was significantly lower than in control individuals ( @number@ years vs. @number@ years ) .
the same cognitive difference is also observed in humans.
this review discusses the impact of an impoverished environment on cognition in animal experimental studies and human experimental studies with community-dwelling and institutionalized older people.
results show that the cognitive functioning of old rats is more affected by an impoverished environment than young rats.
institutionalization further aggravates cognitive decline , probably due to the impoverished environment of nursing homes.
the recession temporarily eased the health care workforce shortage , but our aging population will boost both retirements and demand for your services.
here are tips for hiring and keeping staff.
therefore , it is important to detect sdb in the early stages.
we investigated the prevalence of sdb using a portable monitoring system in @number@ commercial drivers.
we then analyzed predictive factors for sdb using their health examination records of the same fiscal year.
the prevalence of moderate to severe levels of sdb reached @percent@ in all subjects.
multiple trauma in the elderly is increasing with the aging population.
in contrast to their younger counterparts , elderly patients experience significantly higher mortality rates and complications after major trauma.
diminished physiological reserve and the existence of multiple medical comorbidities present additional challenges to management.
as such , a different approach is required to care for the elderly trauma patient.
purpose : we describe the recruitment strategies and personnel and materials costs associated with two community-based research studies in a mexican-origin population.
we also highlight the role that academic-community partnerships played in the outreach and recruitment process for our studies.
we reviewed study documents using case study methodology to categorize recruitment methods , examine community partnerships , and calculate study costs.
results : we employed several recruitment methods to identify and solicit @number@ female caregivers for participation in qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys.
face-to-face contact with community residents and partnerships with cbos were most effective in enrolling caregivers into the studies.
almost @percent@ of participants attended a recruitment event sponsored or supported by cbos.
the least effective recruitment strategy was the use of flyers , which resulted in only @number@ completed interviews or questionnaires.
however , almost the same amount of time was spent in the community for both studies.
implications : partnerships with cbos were critical for reaching the target enrollment for our studies.
nevertheless , building partnerships required time , effort , and resources for both researchers and local organizations.
design : within geographic areas comprising our target population , @number@ community organizations provided local space for conducting the study and program.
along with this latter goal , the rcmars developed and maintain academic-community partnerships.
in addition , sustainable and efficient methods for fostering long-term partnerships will be identified between community and academia.
evidence-based approaches to the recruitment and retention of diverse elders are explored.
we expect this supplement to serve as a catalyst for researchers interested in engaging diverse community-dwelling elders in health-related research.
purpose of the study : investigating health disparities requires studies designed to recruit and retain racially and socioeconomically diverse cohorts.
it is critical to address the barriers that disproportionately affect participation in clinical research by minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged.
one goal was to create a multifactorial recruitment and retention strategy.
the recruitment paradigm targeted known barriers and identified those unique to the study's urban environment.
the retention paradigm mirrored the recruitment plan but was based on specifically developed approaches.
these efforts facilitated study implementation and enhanced recruitment resulting in accrual of a biracial and socioeconomically diverse cohort of @number@ participants.
implications : recruiting and retaining minority or poor research participants is challenging but possible.
purpose : to describe the results of efforts to recruit asian americans into longitudinal research on cognitive decline in aging.
results : over @number@ chinese patients were evaluated in our outreach clinic.
many were primarily chinese speaking with low levels of education.
one hundred and twenty-five participants enrolled , and annual follow-up has been @percent@.
implications : despite the significant cultural and linguistic barriers , chinese americans can be successfully recruited into longitudinal studies of aging and cognitive impairment.
recruitment and retention of research participants is evolving with the changing demographics of the american population , in particular its growing diversity.
the cultural-historical background and sociopolitical conditions of each diverse group poses unique challenges in developing successful recruitment and retention methods and strategies.
this critical collection of articles demonstrates important theoretical and conceptual frameworks that seek to address the shortcomings of previous models of recruiting diverse populations.
results : all the δt methods provided a high reproducibility of arch-pwv.
background : epidural analgesia is considered fundamental in enhanced recovery protocols ( erps ) .
however , its value in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is unclear.
methods : ninety-nine patients were randomized to receive epidural , spinal or patient-controlled ( pca ) analgesia.
the primary endpoints were time until medically fit for discharge and length of hospital stay.
secondary endpoints included return of bowel function , pain scores , and changes in pulmonary function and quality of life.
results : ninety-one patients completed the study.
there was also a slower return of bowel function with epidural analgesia than with spinal analgesia and pca.
histomorphometric aging methods report varying degrees of precision , measured through standard error of the estimate ( see ) .
in general , these values are widely distributed for smaller samples and the distribution narrows as n increases a pattern expected from sampling theory.
while numerous sources of variation potentially affect the precision of different methods , the impact of sample size cannot be overlooked.
the uncertainty associated with see values derived from smaller samples complicates the comparison of approaches based upon different methodology and / or skeletal elements.
meaningful comparisons require larger samples than have frequently been used and should ideally be based upon standardized samples.
for this purpose , @number@ ivds from @number@ adult patients with ddd and @number@ ivds from @number@ adolescent patients with ais were obtained at surgery.
the concave and convex parts of the scoliotic discs were analyzed separately.
alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations were used as indicators of calcification potential.
we offer insight on how we might define and characterize disasters , and illustrate that long-term catastrophes \ "age \ " in specific ways.
the preliminary findings showed that the screening tool was delivered efficiently and targeted clients at potential high risk for residential care placement.
clients were also satisfied with the multi-component lwah service.
the results provide support for the feasibility of a lwah risk management process that links community-residing older persons with community-based long-term care options.
the ongoing debate on u.s. healthcare reform fueled by increasing cost and poor access to quality healthcare is spurring interest in medical travel.
the topic of medical travel-going abroad to seek medical care-has been widely reported in various news outlets.
this issue even resulted in a senate hearing before the special committee on aging.
despite this popularity , very little empirical research has been conducted to describe and understand medical travelers.
to fill this gap , the present study involves in-depth interviews of medical travel facilitators with extensive exposure to and communication with medical travelers.
this article has multiple objectives.
it aims to develop a demographic and psychographic profile of medical travelers and identify their underlying motives to seek medical care overseas.
based on these insights , it presents a list of propositions to be tested in further research.
finally , it offers practical implications for the healthcare industry.
forefoot pes cavus is a cardinal sign of charcot-marie-tooth disease ( cmt ) .
this review is focused on the pathophysiology of pes cavus in cmt1a duplication , which is the most common subtype of the disease.
special attention is given to papers on foot deformities at initial stages of the disease.
we conclude that pes cavus is an early and age-dependent manifestation of cmt1a duplication.
this study examines whether differences in late-life well-being are linked to how older adults encode emotionally valenced information.
participants low in satisfaction showed no valence effect.
findings suggest that late-life satisfaction is linked with how emotion-processing regions are engaged and connected during processing of valenced information.
background : there is increasing recognition that lower nurse staffing levels are associated with higher morbidity and mortality among medical and surgical patients.
the degree to which this applies to elderly patients with hip fractures is unclear.
results : we found an association between hospital-wide nurse staffing levels and in-hospital mortality among patients with hip fractures.
the odds of in-hospital mortality decreased by @number@ for every additional fte-rn added per patient day , even after controlling for covariates.
conclusions : decreased hospital-wide nurse staffing levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with hip fractures.
these observations indicate the need for further studies to characterize this relationship for staffing of units caring for patients with hip fractures.
level of evidence : level iii , prognostic study.
see guidelines for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
we examined the individual association between body mass index ( bmi ) and sleep quality among the very elderly.
sleep quality was measured using the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) .
sleep quality included quality classification and scores , sleep duration , sleep latency , and sleep efficiency.
the subjects included in the statistical analysis were @number@ men and @number@ women.
the difference in bmi between subjects with good and poor sleep quality was non-significant.
unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression showed that none of the bmi groups had a function of decreasing the risk for poor quality.
among longevity chinese , there is no association between bmi and sleep quality.
it is currently estimated that infections and inflammatory responses are linked to 15-20% of all deaths from cancer worldwide.
there is an unmet need for epidemiologic and molecular pathologic approaches to address the issue of inflammation and prostate cancer.
here we review the published evidence with respect to the involvement of inflammation and infection in prostate cancer.
as such , chronic inflammation may represent an important therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
much of our daily communication occurs in the presence of background noise , compromising our ability to hear.
while understanding speech in noise is a challenge for everyone , it becomes increasingly difficult as we age.
decreased cognitive skills concurrent with reduced perceptual acuity are thought to contribute to the difficulty older adults experience understanding speech in noise.
ageing is driven by the inexorable and stochastic accumulation of damage in biomolecules vital for proper cellular function.
although this process is fundamentally haphazard and uncontrollable , senescent decline and ageing is broadly influenced by genetic and extrinsic factors.
numerous gene mutations and treatments have been shown to extend the lifespan of diverse organisms ranging from the unicellular saccharomyces cerevisiae to primates.
we also discuss how each pathway contributes to modulate the ageing process.
background : oronasal fistulas after oromaxillary surgery may sometimes be encountered and remain a challenging problem.
they can cause significant disabilities such as phonetic problems and food or liquid regurgitation while swallowing.
a few methods are reported to solve this problem , including using a dental appliance , local tissue rotation , or even free-tissue transfer.
materials and methods : an angular artery cutaneous flap was designed to repair the defect.
case reports : two oronasal fistula cases were reported in this series.
case 1 : a 71-year-old man had hard palate cancer and had received wide excision in our hospital @number@ years previously.
he had received adjuvant radiotherapy ( @number@ times ) and was transferred to the plastic surgery department for dealing with oronasal fistula.
the palate defect was @number@ × @number@ cm.
case 2 : a 72-year-old woman was a patient with left palate mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
she had received an operation and adjuvant radiotherapy @number@ years previously.
however , the local flap failed and the fistula persisted.
she then approached our plastic surgery department for help.
the palate defect was about @number@ × @number@ cm.
we successfully reconstructed the oronasal fistula by using the angular artery cutaneous flap.
the flap successfully sealed the oral cavity during the follow-up period.
conclusion : angular artery cutaneous flap is a good alternative for reconstruction of the oronasal fistula.
especially in elderly patients , donor-site comorbidities are fewer due to the redundant aging skin and the missing tooth.
method : we examined age-related change in aviation performance in aircraft pilots in relation to baseline cognitive ability measures and aviation expertise.
participants were aircraft pilots ( n = @number@ ) aged 40-77.9.
flight simulator performance and cognition were tested yearly ; there were an average of @number@ ( ± @number@ range 1-13 ) data points per participant.
results : addition of measures of cognitive processing speed and executive function to a model of age-related change in aviation performance significantly improved the model.
expertise was beneficial to pilots across the age range studied ; however , expertise did not show evidence of reducing the effect of age.
discussion : these data suggest that longitudinal performance on an important real-world activity can be predicted by initial assessment of relevant cognitive abilities.
background : neopterin is a monocyte / macrophage-derived immune activation marker and its levels increase with age.
frailty is an important clinical syndrome of old age.
previous studies have shown significant association between elevated interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) levels and frailty.
the objective of this study was to evaluate il-6-independent association of serum neopterin levels with prevalent frailty.
methods : this is a cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older adults recruited from residential and retirement communities in baltimore , md , usa.
frailty was determined using validated screening criteria.
serum neopterin and il-6 levels were measured using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between log ( neopterin ) and log ( il-6 ) .
results : one hundred and thirty-three individuals with a mean age of @number@ years ( range 72-97 ) completed the study.
log ( neopterin ) was significantly associated with prevalent frailty , adjusting for log ( il-6 ) .
log ( neopterin ) correlated with log ( il-6 ) ( correlation coefficient = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : elevated neopterin levels had il-6-independent association with prevalent frailty , suggesting potential monocyte / macrophage-mediated immune activation in the frail elderly.
chronological age is used as a marker for age-associated changes in cognitive function.
however , there is great interindividual variability in cognitive ability among people of the same age.
the authors discuss the nonsignificant findings between telomere length and cognitive assessments including the potential modifying role of gender.
participants completed a battery of cognitive assessments and @number@ weeks of electronic medication monitoring for adherence to one antihypertensive agent.
the provision of nutrition has traditionally been driven by the desire to provide adequate calories.
this review examines patient populations for whom hypocaloric nutrition can be both appropriate and beneficial.
in patients with spinal cord injury , the level of injury significantly correlates with the extent of reduced caloric energy expenditure.
aging patients will have decreased energy needs relative to a reduction in lean body mass.
patients with cerebral palsy ( cp ) have significantly lower caloric requirements than anticipated using predictive equations.
patients with cp pose a particular challenge in nutrition assessment.
the role of climate in driving selection of mtdna as homo sapiens migrated out of africa into eurasia remains controversial.
this study links mitochondrial haplogroups with ancestry-associated differences in metabolic rate and energy expenditure.
objective : to present an overview of the prevalence of multimorbidity and comorbidity of chronic diseases in the dutch population.
design : data analysis.
multimorbidity was defined as a patient having been diagnosed with two or more of @number@ chronic diseases in the general practitioner's electronic medical records system.
the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity was calculated for the total population and subsequently by sex and age groups.
for the @number@ most prevalent diseases in the elderly , clustering and comorbidity of chronic diseases in patients @number@ years and older were analysed.
results : almost @percent@ of the total dutch population and @percent@ of patients @number@ years and older had @number@ or more chronic diseases.
the five most common combinations of conditions associated with a certain disease concerned only a limited portion ( @percent@ ) of all disease comorbidity.
this means that @percent@ of patients with a chronic disease had @number@ or more additional diseases not included in the @number@ most frequently occurring diseases.
conclusion : multimorbidity was identified in over two-thirds of the elderly with frequently occurring chronic diseases.
comorbidity encompassed many different combinations of chronic diseases.
background : with infertility populations in the developed world rapidly aging , treatment of diminished ovarian reserve ( dor ) assumes increasing clinical importance.
increasing dhea utilization and publication of a first prospectively randomized trial now warrants a systematic review.
bibliographies of relevant publications were further explored for additional relevant citations.
since only one randomized study has been published , publications , independent of evidence levels and quality assessment , were reviewed.
results : current best available evidence suggests that dhea improves ovarian function , increases pregnancy chances and , by reducing aneuploidy , lowers miscarriage rates.
dhea over time also appears to objectively improve ovarian reserve.
recent animal data support androgens in promoting preantral follicle growth and reduction in follicle atresia.
dhea may , thus , represent a first agent beneficially affecting aging ovarian environments.
others can be expected to follow.
background : anorectal malformations ( arm ) are rare forms of congenital uro-rectal anomalies with largely unknown causes.
furthermore , related and cross-referencing publications were reviewed.
results : @number@ studies that reported on the association between prenatal environmental risk factors and infants born with arm were included in this review.
however , only few of these studies reported on the same risk factors.
studies were heterogeneous with respect to case numbers , control types and adjustment for covariates.
consistently increased risks were observed for paternal smoking and maternal overweight , obesity and diabetes , but not for maternal smoking and alcohol consumption.
conclusion : evidence on risk factors for arm from epidemiological studies is still very limited.
nevertheless , the few available studies indicate paternal smoking and maternal overweight , obesity and diabetes to be associated with increased risks.
further , ideally large-scale multicentre and register-based studies are needed to clarify the role of key risk factors for the development of arm.
nevertheless , common cosmetic procedures can be used in skin of color to treat the signs of aging.
how service users conceptualise their personal support services is under researched , even though this understanding is important for responsive policy development and service implementation.
these three concepts were identified using discourse analysis in a swedish study of older people wanting in-home support services.
to test generalisability of these concepts , they were applied to data from an australian study of people using disability personal support.
these differences reflect the impact of each country's social policy environment on service users ' expectations.
nutrition is an important factor in many physiological and pathological changes that accompany the aging process.
more than @percent@ of elderly patients are suffering from malnutrition which is information that concerns.
due to various factors , older people are potentially vulnerable groups at risk of malnutrition.
loneliness , isolation from society and neglect of parents by children is a big problem to many people in old age.
objective : to determine differences in nutritional status of elderly people living alone compared to those who live in family surroundings.
subject and methods : the study was conducted in the municipality of tuzla in 2009-2010 , in outpatient family medicine simin han.
the survey covered a total of @number@ elderly subjects ( age > 65 years ) .
subject group consisted of @percent@ of people living alone , and @percent@ control group consisted of elderly patients who live in traditional family surroundings.
questionnaires used in this study are general geriatric assessment questionnaire and mini nutritional status.
in subject group significantly more patients are on the verge of poverty.
there are significant differences in the classification of financial status , according to the groups ( p = @number@ ) .
members of subject groups have significantly lower bmi categories ( p = @number@ ) compared with the control group.
significantly more patients with loss of appetite live alone.
according to the existence of self-reported food problems significantly more people are in subject group.
there is a difference value score \ "small assessment of nutrition \ " between the two groups ( p = @number@ ) .
about @percent@ of the total number of respondents said they have not so good health status compared to others.
conclusions : loneliness is a significant predictor of anorexia nervosa , the risk of malnutrition and malnutrition.
results indicate that it is necessary to work on improving the status and protection of elderly.
this awareness originates from gerodontology.
in the meantime , doubts have arisen about the value of these questionnaires.
objectives : to investigate the age-related alterations in functional visual acuity ( fva ) in healthy individuals.
design : a prospective non-comparative multi-center study.
measurements : fva measurements , schirmer test , but , tear clearance rate and fluorescein vital staining scores were obtained.
moreover , there were significantly more eyes with lower minimum va scores in the older age groups ( p < @number@ ) .
logmar minimum va appeared to be significantly related to the tear clearance rates in subjects @number@ years and older ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : fva testing seems to be a useful method of assessing the age-related decline in dynamic visual and tear functions.
the current study examines the eeg coherence of young , old , and old declined adults performing a visual paired-associates task.
coherence-performance maps were generated to further explore topographical differences in the relationship between coherence and performance across groups.
results revealed a more diffuse pattern of negative coherence-performance relations in older declined adults.
results are discussed in light of the literature on age-related cognitive decline.
tau accumulates in progressively larger and more heterogeneous forms in brains with neurofibrillary pathology.
our results support the hypothesis that failure of proteasomal and non-proteasomal proteolytic clearance mechanisms leads to tau accumulation and progressive neurofibrillary degeneration in ad.
the bucharest early intervention project is a unique randomized controlled trial of foster care placement compared with continued care in institutions.
a significant negative correlation between t / s ratio and percentage of time was observed.
children with greater exposure to institutional care had significantly shorter relative telomere length in middle childhood.
gender modified this main effect.
background : research into nursing home transitions has given limited attention to the facility or community contexts.
objective : to identify facility and market factors affecting transitions of nursing home residents back to the community.
facility discharge rates were adjusted using empirical bayes estimation.
in addition , states should increase home and community-based services , particularly in markets with low community discharge rates.
loss of cognitive function and hypertension are two common conditions in the elderly and both significantly contribute to loss of personal independency.
the possibility of dementia prevention by cardiovascular risk factors control has not been demonstrated.
alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia.
it occurs worldwide and affects all ethnic groups.
the incidence of alzheimer disease is increasing due , in part , to increased life expectancy and the aging baby boomer generation.
the average lifetime risk of developing alzheimer disease is 10-12%.
this risk at least doubles with the presence of a first-degree relative with the disorder.
despite its limited utility , patients express concern over their risk and , in some instances , request testing.
furthermore , research has demonstrated that testing individuals for apolipoprotein e can be valuable and safe in certain contexts.
nk cell subsets are differentially affected by aging.
whereas cd56 ( bright ) cells are decreased in healthy elderly individuals , the cd56 ( dim ) subset is expanded.
objective : to test if dimebon affected alpha-synuclein-induced pathology using a transgenic animal model.
lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the united states.
almost half of all lung cancer occurs at age > @number@ years.
the majority of patients with lung cancer present with locally advanced or metastatic disease.
management of advanced lung cancer in the older patient is a commonly encountered clinical scenario.
there is a paucity of clinical data guiding the management of lung cancer in the elderly due to underrepresentation of the elderly in clinical trials.
the elderly have unique alterations in physiology that put them at a greater risk of toxicity from chemotherapy and biologic therapy.
comorbid conditions , common among the elderly , can further reduce tolerance to therapy.
as a consequence , older patients have worse outcomes than younger patients.
it is important to look beyond chronologic age to better risk stratify patients when making treatment decisions in older patients with lung cancer.
the basic principles of management , especially in the fit elderly , do not differ from those in younger patients.
this article provides an overview of management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
the magnitude of the problem and current treatment guidelines for lung cancer are reviewed with a focus on barriers specific to the elderly.
the available clinical trials that have specifically studied the elderly with lung cancer are summarized.
objective chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is present in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) .
methods a total of @number@ nafld patients without ckd were enrolled.
a blood sample and a urine sample were taken for routine analyses during follow-up.
the mean observation period was @number@ years.
the primary goal is the new development of ckd.
independent factors associated with new development of ckd were analyzed by using the kaplan-meyer method and the cox proportional hazards model.
results of @number@ nafld patients , @number@ patients developed ckd.
the cumulative development rate of ckd was @percent@ at the 5th year and @percent@ at the 10th year.
conclusion our retrospective study indicates that the annual incidence of ckd in japanese patients with nafld is about @percent@.
a major locus contributing to this difference has been mapped to a region on mouse chromosome @number@ that contains the gene encoding pkcδ.
prkcd gene expression was also elevated in obese humans and was positively correlated with fasting glucose and circulating triglycerides.
mice with global or liver-specific inactivation of the prkcd gene displayed increased hepatic insulin signaling and reduced expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes.
this resulted in increased insulin-induced suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis , improved glucose tolerance , and reduced hepatosteatosis with aging.
conversely , mice with liver-specific overexpression of pkcδ developed hepatic insulin resistance characterized by decreased insulin signaling , enhanced lipogenic gene expression , and hepatosteatosis.
tissue plasminogen activator ( tpa ) is the only available treatment for acute stroke.
in addition to its vascular fibrinolytic action , tpa exerts various effects within the brain , ranging from synaptic plasticity to control of cell fate.
to date , the influence of tpa in the ischemic brain has only been investigated on neuronal , microglial , and endothelial fate.
we addressed the mechanism of action of tpa on oligodendrocyte ( ol ) survival and on the extent of white matter lesions in stroke.
we also investigated the impact of aging on these processes.
we observed that , in parallel to reduced levels of tpa in ols , white matter gets more susceptible to ischemia in old mice.
interestingly , tpa protects murine and human ols from apoptosis through an unexpected cytokine-like effect by the virtue of its epidermal growth factor-like domain.
when injected into aged animals , tpa , although toxic to the gray matter , rescues white matter from ischemia independently of its proteolytic activity.
these studies reveal a novel mechanism of action of tpa and unveil ol as a target cell for cytokine effects of tpa in brain diseases.
they show overall that tpa protects white matter from stroke-induced lesions , an effect which may contribute to the global benefit of tpa-based stroke treatment.
discovered in caenorhabditis elegans in @number@ micrornas ( mirnas ) make up a novel class of tiny , ~21-24 nucleotide , non-coding rna species.
in this commentary , we focus on mirnas and their roles in mammalian stem cells.
in particular , their roles in stem cell differentiation have been well documented.
insights from these studies provide a paradigm for the function of mirnas in facilitating cellular transitions during differentiation.
by contrast , the roles that mirnas have in the maintenance of stem cells are less well understood.
however , with recent advances , their role as a rheostat that fine-tunes stem cell self-renewal has begun to emerge.
finally , we discuss future studies that will hopefully lead to a comprehensive understanding of the mirna pathway in stem cells.
mutations in the cngb3 gene account for > 50% of all known cases of achromatopsia.
background : delirium is a frequent neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting medical and surgical elderly patients.
in this cohort study , we investigated whether these changes emerge during delirium or whether they are present before its onset.
methods : plasma activities of ache and buche were measured pre- and postoperatively in consecutive patients ≥60 years old undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery.
delirium was screened daily with confusion assessment method ( confirmed with diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm-iv ) -tr ) .
results : preoperatively , plasma esterase activity was significantly lower in patients who developed delirium compared with the remaining subjects.
following surgery buche activity was lower in the delirium group but this difference disappeared after controlling for preoperative values.
plasma cholinesterase activity correlated positively with calcium and haemoglobin and negatively with total bilirubin and international normalised ratio.
conclusion : plasma cholinesterase activity can be a useful candidate biomarker to identify subjects at greater risk of developing postoperative delirium.
the majority of patients with major depressive disorder ( mdd ) suffer from significant executive dysfunctions.
to investigate the time course of executive functions during antidepressant treatment , repeated measures of executive functions are necessary.
in order to avoid practice effects , the assessment of alternate forms is suggested.
fifty-five subjects with dsm-iv mdd were included in the study.
the ad group demonstrated a significant impairment in dual-task ability.
there was no effect of either mci or healthy ageing on dual-task performance , indicating that the dual-task impairment is specific to ad.
we investigated the intra-individual variation of amh levels over time for premutation carriers compared with non-carriers.
linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of age and premutation status on amh levels and to determine a modeled amh value.
results : at all ages , premutation carriers exhibited lower amh levels.
for all women , amh was found to decrease by @percent@ per year.
the added effect of having a premutation decreased amh levels by @percent@.
the deviation of an individual's amh level from the modeled value showed a reasonable intra-individual correlation.
purpose : benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypogonadism are common disorders in aging men.
there is concern that androgen replacement in older men may increase prostate size and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
subjects were randomized to daily transdermal @percent@ t gel plus oral placebo or dutasteride for @number@ months.
testosterone dosing was adjusted to a serum testosterone of @number@ to @number@ ng / dl.
the primary outcomes were prostate volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging , serum prostate specific antigen and androgen levels.
results : a total of @number@ subjects completed all procedures.
serum testosterone increased similarly into the mid-normal range in both groups.
serum dihydrotestosterone increased in the testosterone only but decreased in the testosterone plus dutasteride group.
prostate symptom scores improved in both groups.
conclusions : combined treatment with testosterone plus dutasteride reduces prostate volume and prostate specific antigen compared to testosterone only.
sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) is a longevity gene that protects cells against oxidative and genotoxic stress.
the genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) with confronting 2-pair primers ( ctpp ) assay.
the t allele of rs2273773 in men carried a high risk for hyperglycemia.
in conclusion , these sirt1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high body fat and blood pressure in japanese , especially in men.
the allele frequencies of rs7895833 and rs7069102 , which are different from caucasians , might explain why japanese show less marked obesity compared with caucasians.
background : it is generally acknowledged that back pain ( bp ) is a common condition already in childhood.
however , the development until early adulthood is not well understood and , in particular , not the individual tracking pattern.
bp was defined overall and specifically in the three spinal regions as having reported pain within the past month.
the prevalence estimates and the various patterns of bp reporting over time are presented as percentages.
seeking care for bp increased from @percent@ and @percent@ at the two youngest ages to @percent@ at the oldest.
only @percent@ of the children who participated in all three surveys reported bp each time and @percent@ of these always reported no pain.
the patterns of development differed for the three spinal regions and between genders.
this was most pronounced for care-seeking.
on the positive side , individuals without bp at a previous survey were likely to remain pain free at the subsequent survey.
objective : to determine whether injection every @number@ months with onabotulinumtoxina provides longer-lasting reduction or elimination of glabellar rhytides.
methods : toxin-naive women ( n = 45 ) aged @number@ to @number@ with moderate to severe glabellar lines at maximum contraction completed the study.
five sites were treated with @number@ u of onabotulinumtoxina.
participants were assessed at day @number@ those with glabellar severity of none to mild remained in the study.
participants received identical treatments at months @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ and were assessed without treatment at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
mean changes from physician- and participant-assessed facial wrinkle scale at maximum contraction from baseline to all postbaseline measurements were significant ( p≤.001 ) .
at month @number@ @percent@ of participants reported satisfaction , with appearance scores between @number@ and @number@
no adverse events were reported.
conclusions : onabotulinumtoxina delivered for @number@ months significantly reduces or progressively eliminates glabellar rhytides for up to @number@ months after the last treatment.
this paper provides a systematic review of the published literature on invasive and noninvasive methods used to quantify lifetime uv exposure ( 'photoageing' ) .
senescent animals show over-responsiveness to αmsh , the major anorexigenic neuropeptide.
however , central anorexigenic action of leptin is clearly diminished in aging , most likely due to the impaired leptin signal transduction.
the age-related central resistance to leptin and insulin does not reduce their inhibitory effects on the activity of npy and agrp neurons.
thus , in rodents aging is associated with the altered expression and activity of both orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides.
additionally , increased plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in healthy old subjects may also contribute to the loss of appetite characteristic for the elderly.
with advancing age most aspects of the peptidergic regulation of energy balance are altered.
apart from such quantitative changes , the efficacy of the related peptides may also change with age.
comparing the individual peptides , the phasic alterations in their anabolic or catabolic roles in the regulation of energy balance may exhibit dissimilar time-patterns.
in addition , within the overall anabolic or catabolic effects , the feeding and metabolic actions of certain peptides may not change simultaneously.
aging in mammals associates with the development of peripheral insulin resistance.
additionally , adiposity usually increases with aging and this could play a relevant role in the gradual impairment of insulin action.
ar-positive cells were measured by flow cytometry.
tt , e ( @number@ ) , e ( @number@ ) / testosterone and shbg were negatively correlated with blood glucose.
shbg was positively correlated and tt and ar% were negatively correlated with the course of dm.
logistic multiple regression analysis revealed that age , waist / hip ratio , fsh , shbg and ar% are potential risk factors for dm.
conclusions : low levels of tt , shbg and ar may be potential risk factors for dm in elderly men.
whereas aging affects cognitive and psychomotor processes negatively , the impact of aging on emotional processing is less clear.
stimuli varied on valence ( pleasant , neutral , and unpleasant ) and arousal ( high and low ) dimensions.
young-old adults had significantly longer reaction times.
the results presented here may be relevant for understanding the association between exposure to traffic-generated particulate pollution and enhanced skin aging reported in epidemiology studies.
the sitting balance scale ( sbs ) measures sitting balance for frail older adults who are primarily nonambulatory.
the study was conducted in multiple phases , with qualitative and quantitative methodologies.
content development used nominal group process , expert narratives , and literature review.
after consensus was reached on content and scoring , item reduction began.
we applied a decision matrix to yield the final 11-item version.
on the basis of analysis of @number@ scores , construct and concurrent validity were established.
the sbs appears to meet the criteria required to make it a useful tool.
the sbs is the first attempt to assess lower balance abilities.
further assessment of the tool's validity with larger and varied samples is necessary.
this study tested those interpretations by examining relationships between stroop performance , behavioral disinhibition , and frontal lobe atrophy.
method : participants were @number@ patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia , recruited through ucsf's memory and aging center.
participants received comprehensive dementia evaluations including structural mri , neuropsychological testing , and informant interviews.
freesurfer , a semiautomated parcellation program , was used to analyze @number@.5t mri scans.
behavioral disinhibition was measured using the neuropsychiatric inventory ( cummings , @number@ cummings et al. , @number@ ) disinhibition scale.
hierarchical linear regressions were used for data analysis.
conclusion : these findings suggest stroop performance is a poor measure of behavioral disinhibition and frontal lobe atrophy even among a relatively high-risk population.
objective : older driver research has mostly focused on identifying that small proportion of older drivers who are unsafe.
little is known about how normal cognitive changes in aging affect driving in the wider population of adults who drive regularly.
we evaluated the association of cognitive function and age with driving errors.
participants completed an on-road driving test.
results : all error types increased with chronological age.
reaction time was not associated with driving errors in multivariate analyses.
a cognitive factor measuring speeded selective attention and switching was uniquely associated with the most errors types.
the ufov® predicted blind-spot errors and errors on dual carriageways.
these abilities should be the target of cognitive training.
objective : both the prevalence and incidence of hiv infection among older adults are on the rise.
to our knowledge , no studies have yet examined dispersion in an aging hiv-infected sample.
among the logistic , the gompertz , and the hyperbolic function , the exponential function described the data best.
reliable individual differences were found in all @number@ learning parameters.
age did not affect the learning parameters but correlated negatively with working memory and processing speed.
certain authors report negative correlation between mt production and blood cholesterol level.
mt was shown to protect from cardiac lesions associated with ischemia and reperfusion.
mt inhibits carcinogenesis and is active at systemic , tissue , cellular and subcellular levels.
at the systemic level , mt decreases hormonal production , stimulates immune activity , and prevents the development of metabolic syndrome.
it inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of tumour cells but suppresses it the nervous tissue.
mt activates telomerase.
it decreases expression of oncogens and interferes with the action of mutagens and clastogens at the genetic level.
mt is shown to influence practically all organ systems by inhibiting mutagenesis and maintaining correlation between circadian rhythms of different biological processes throughout human evolution.
in today's society , ageing is a phenomenon which is as natural as it is complex.
paradoxically , it is a sign of life.
elderly people must be treated with dignity and spared from the prejudices which currently surround old age.
the impact of parkinson's disease on quality of life may vary depending on age at onset.
we also explored the relationship between depression and excessive daytime sleepiness by age at onset and compared this with the general population.
younger onset was also a risk factor for poor emotional well-being independent of depression status.
our study highlights the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of depression in younger-onset patients in order to improve quality of life.
the inhibition entails a significant shortening of telomeres and compromised proliferation in the follicular granulosa cell compartment of ovary.
estrogen deficiency or over-activity may cause ovarian tissue aging or tumorigenesis , respectively , through estrogen regulation of telomere remodeling.
background and objective : food insecurity negatively impacts hiv disease outcomes in international settings.
no large scale u.s. studies have investigated the association between food insecurity and severity of hiv disease or the mechanism of this possible association.
design : this is a cross-sectional study.
participants and setting : participants were hiv-infected patients enrolled in the veterans aging cohort study between 2002-2008 who were receiving antiretroviral medications.
we then performed mediation analysis to examine whether antiretroviral adherence or body mass index mediates the observed associations.
key results : among @number@ hiv-infected participants receiving antiretroviral medications , @percent@ reported food insecurity.
mediation analysis revealed that neither antiretroviral medication adherence nor body mass index contributes to the association between food insecurity and unsuppressed hiv-1 rna.
food insecurity was not independently associated with low cd4 counts.
conclusions : among hiv-infected participants receiving antiretroviral medications , food insecurity is associated with unsuppressed viral load and may render treatment less effective.
longitudinal studies are needed to test the potential causal association between food insecurity , lack of virologic suppression , and additional hiv outcomes.
objectives : to determine the relationship between advancing age and the prevalence and patterns of comorbidity among older persons with heart failure.
discordant conditions increased in prevalence faster among the oldest than youngest beneficiaries ( e.g. , dementia @percent@ points versus @percent@ points ) .
comorbidity prevalence increases over time , with discordant comorbidity increasing at the fastest rate among the oldest old.
this comorbidity burden highlights the challenge of effectively treating heart failure while simultaneously managing co-existing and unrelated conditions.
inactivation of the rb tumor suppressor and activation of the myc family of oncogenes are frequent events in a large spectrum of human cancers.
loss of rb function and myc activation are thought to control both overlapping and distinct cellular processes during cell cycle progression.
however , how these two major cancer genes functionally interact during tumorigenesis is still unclear.
however , combined loss of rb and activation of c-myc led to an increase in polyploidy in mature hepatocytes before the development of tumors.
there was a trend for decreased survival in double mutant animals compared to mice developing c-myc-induced tumors.
community structure is a universal and significant feature of many complex networks in biology , society , and economics.
community structure has also been revealed in human brain structural and functional networks in previous studies.
however , communities overlap and share many edges and nodes.
uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks remains largely unknown in human brain networks.
overlapped nodes between communities were defined by assuming that nodes ( brain regions ) can belong to more than one community.
the overlapped nodes were mostly involved in an inferior-posterior pattern and were primarily related to auditory and visual perception.
this study provides the first report of the overlapping community structure of the structural network of the human brain.
telomere function is essential to maintaining the physical integrity of linear chromosomes and healthy human aging.
the probability of forming proper telomere structures depends on the length of the telomeric dna tract.
we did not find evidence for an association with variants at the obfc1 locus or other loci reported to be associated with telomere length.
however , power is greatly reduced for β estimates smaller than ±0.10 , such as those for variants at the terc locus.
in general , common genetic variants associated with telomere length homeostasis have been difficult to detect.
potential biological and technical issues are discussed.
epigenetic regulation of gene expression is well known mechanism that regulates cellular senescence of cancer cells.
decreased cpg island methylation and increased levels of active histone marks at genomic regions encoding mirnas were observed after 5-azac treatment.
the role of t cells in innate immunity is not well defined.
while p38map kinase is involved in transcription , mtor is involved in message stabilization.
late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by typical symptoms of serum testosterone deficiency.
in recent decades , the concept of loh in ageing men has become familiar in european countries and the united states.
it is also a topic of interest and debate throughout korea.
trt is commonly prescribed in korea , despite the paucity of studies on the effects of trt in asian populations.
data from various trt studies based on korean have shown its efficacy in increasing serum testosterone levels and improving subjective symptoms as assessed by questionnaires.
currently , patches and short-acting intramuscular injections are displaced by gels and long-acting formulations.
however , to prevent overdiagnosis and overtreatment , indication for trt should include both low testosterone levels and symptoms and signs of hypogonadism.
this study evaluated the viscoelastic properties of the smas within the biomechanical parameters of the high-smas rhytidectomy.
fresh samples of lateral , preparotid smas were then harvested and evaluated ex vivo for bursting strength , stress relaxation , and creep.
the bursting force of the smas was @number@ n , with the average bursting pressure of @number@ psi.
the in vivo force applied to the smas was found to be only @number@ percent of its total bursting strength.
the deformational load of the high-smas face lift caused only a @number@ percent creep in the tissue ex vivo.
these biomechanical properties likely contribute to the effective and long-lasting correction of facial aging with the high-smas technique.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
practitioners training the older adult may benefit from a low-cost , easy-to-administer field test of upper body power.
this study evaluated validity and reliability of the seated medicine ball throw ( smbt ) in older adults.
subjects also completed @number@ trials of an explosive push-up ( epu ) on a force plate over @number@ testing days.
validity was assessed via a pearson product-moment correlation ( ppm ) between smbt and epu maximal vertical force.
test-retest reliability of the @number@.5- and @number@.0-kg smbt was r = @number@ and r = @number@ respectively.
the icc values of the @number@.5- and @number@.0-kg smbt were r = @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the baps revealed @percent@ of the differences between day @number@ and @number@ scores were within the @percent@ confidence interval of the mean difference.
test-retest reliability for the epu was r = @number@ r = @number@
in conclusion , for the older adult , the smbt appears to be highly reliable test of upper body power.
its validity relative to the maximal force exerted during the epu is modest.
the smbt is an inexpensive , safe , and repeatable measure of upper body power for the older adult.
results : a generalized estimating equation was used to model the mmse scores over time ( mean follow-up @number@.9±2.0 y ) .
the mean age of the entire sample was @number@.2±7.4 years at baseline.
there were no significant interactions of linear age effects with rate of cognitive decline.
background : unintentional loss of weight and muscle due to aging and disease has been associated with increased mortality.
wasting and weight loss occur in hiv infection even in the modern era of effective antiretroviral therapy.
those in the highest tertile of vat had @number@.1-fold higher odds of death ( @percent@ ci @number@.1-4.0 ) compared with the lowest vat tertile.
conclusion : lower muscle mass and central adiposity appear to be important risk factors for mortality in hiv-infected individuals.
a substantial proportion of this risk may be unrecognized because of the current reliance on body mass index in clinical practice.
methods : data were from @number@ men and women , aged 70-79 years , participating in the health , aging , and body composition study.
total fat mass was acquired from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
leg lean mass was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in years @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
knee extension strength was measured by isokinetic dynamometer in years @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
muscle quality was calculated as muscle strength divided by leg lean mass.
larger fat mass was related to significantly greater muscle strength but significantly lower muscle quality at baseline ( p < @number@ ) .
no significant differences in decline of muscle strength and quality were found.
conclusions : high fatness was associated with lower muscle quality , and it predicts accelerated loss of lean mass.
prevention of greater fatness in old age may decrease the loss of lean mass and maintain muscle quality and thereby reducing disability and mobility impairments.
study design : case-control histopathologic human temporal bone study.
setting : otopathology laboratory in a tertiary academic medical center.
the cupula and lumina of the semicircular canals were examined for evidence of deposits.
the prevalence of these deposits was associated with the duration of disease rather than with aging.
conclusion : the findings suggest that type @number@ diabetes mellitus is associated with cupular and free-floating deposits in the semicircular canals.
the patients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus with a longer duration of disease have an increased probability of suffering from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
type @number@ diabetes is a metabolic disease that profoundly affects energy homeostasis.
we have previously used an iterative experimental-theoretical approach to unravel the early insulin signaling events in primary human adipocytes.
the resulting multilevel hierarchical model can merge detailed results on different subsystems into a coherent understanding of whole-body glucose homeostasis.
radiation therapy remains a promising modality for curative treatment of localized prostate cancer , but dose-limiting toxicities significantly limit its effectiveness.
agents that enhance efficacy at lower radiation doses might have considerable value in increasing tumor control without compromising organ function.
objectives : to investigate age differences in working memory processing , specifically the accuracy of retrieval of items stored outside the immediate focus of attention.
smaller age differences in availability were also found for items stored inside the focus of attention.
objectives : research on age stereotypes suggests that views of older persons are complex and multidimensional.
we investigated the positivity or negativity of age stereotypes with respect to different life domains.
method : a newly developed questionnaire assessing domain-specific age stereotypes was administered to a large sample of adults covering a wide age range.
\ "old persons \ " were evaluated differently in the various life domains , and age thresholds for ascriptions of being old differed between domains.
furthermore , the positivity of domain-specific age stereotypes of a person predicted individual life satisfaction for the respective life domain.
the strength of the relationship between age stereotypes and life satisfaction increased with participants ' age.
discussion : our results indicate the existence of domain-specific age stereotypes that become internalized into older persons ' self-views.
helicases must unwind dna at the right place and time to maintain genomic integrity or gene expression.
ner is initiated by arrested rna polymerase or damage recognition by xpc-rad23b with or without ddb1 / ddb2.
xp helicase patient phenotypes cannot be predicted from the mutation position along the linear gene sequence and adjacent mutations can cause different diseases.
we then propose unified models for tfiih assembly and roles in ner.
these features are then fed into a classifier for determination of age group.
results : we verified that erp data could yield features that discriminate the age group of individual subjects with high reliability.
a low dimensional representation of the selected feature vectors show significant clustering behavior corresponding to the subject age group.
the performance of the proposed age group prediction scheme was evaluated using the leave-one-out cross validation method and found to exceed @percent@ accuracy.
dendritic cells ( dcs ) are central in regulating both innate and acquired immunity , but their possible age-related functional modifications are still unclear.
here we have analyzed the effect of age on lps-treated monocyte-derived dcs ( mddcs ) .
a negative correlation between age and cell expression of icam-1 , cd25 and il-10 was observed in a group of healthy donors.
this has been confirmed by a significantly reduced expression of the same molecules in cells of subgrouped elderly versus younger individuals.
when incorporating tms paradigms in research studies , methodologic considerations include technical aspects of tms , cohort selection and confounding factors , and subject safety.
specifically , tms can measure cortical excitability , intracortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms , and local and network cortical plasticity.
coupled with functional and electrophysiologic modalities , tms can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying healthy neurodevelopment and aging , as well as neuropsychiatric pathology.
thus , tms could be a useful tool in the cognitive neuroscience treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia armamentarium of biomarker methods.
future investigations are warranted to optimize tms methodologies for this purpose.
the prognostic significance , interdependence , and hierarchy of cardiovascular risk factors could evolve with advancing age.
the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ( adult treatment panel iii definition ) remained stable across the age groups.
we observed a stable or increased association between waist circumference and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index ) and fasting plasma glucose.
high-sensitivity c-reactive protein correlated with all metabolic syndrome components in all age groups ( p < 0.001 for all ) .
in contrast , its association with waist circumference markedly decreased.
in conclusion , hypertension and dyslipidemia , but not fasting plasma glucose , dissociate from central obesity with advancing age.
they are increasingly determined by low-grade inflammation , independently of central obesity.
these changing associations might underlie the weakening of obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor in older persons.
skin aging has received tremendous attention in recent years by both scientists and the lay public.
background : vague and inexact word usage can complicate conversations about cutaneous energy devices , especially novel technologies.
objective : to identify some areas in which descriptions of lasers , lights , and energy devices can be improved.
results : terms are proposed for distinguishing between devices that induce skin injuries of different depths.
additionally , descriptors are suggested for fractional treatments , fat melting , and cellulite reduction.
finally , we propose a scheme for clearly naming the underlying technology associated with any cutaneous energy device.
limitations : novel devices yet to be invented may not fit into the designations proposed and may require additional categories.
conclusions : simple changes in word usage may facilitate rapid and accurate communication regarding lasers , lights , and other energy devices.
it is a truth universally acknowledged that although men tend to have better health in old age , women live longer lives.
here , we briefly review the biological , social and behavioural factors that may contribute to women's greater longevity.
we consider in particular factors that might result in a greater frailty burden in women , focusing on frailty being measured by a frailty index.
in short , the price of more optimal physiological functioning during youth is a lower threshold for system failure in old age.
conversely , a female \ "fertility-frailty pleiotropy \ " might result in greater physiological reserves in women.
child birth and child rearing necessitate high levels of energetic and nutritional investment : women who have children live shorter lives.
women currently are limiting the number of children they bear and their life expectancies may be longer than predicted by evolutionary design.
methods : the study population comprised @number@ french middle-aged women between @number@ and @number@ years.
a trained dermatologist graded the severity of facial skin photoaging from photographs using larnier's global scale.
discussion : our results suggest that genetic variations of mc1r are important determinants for severe photoaging.
the main function of the skin is to protect the body against exogenous substances and excessive water loss.
moisturizing of the skin is recognized as the first anti-aging skin care.
their role in the skin moisturization is completed by corneodesmosomes and tight junctions.
water and ph are now shown to be of prime importance in the regulation of the epidermal enzymes linked to corneocytes desquamation and lipid synthesis.
the comparative utility of @number@ screening strategies ( biomarkers vs risk scores ) in identifying prevalent stage b hf is unknown.
these findings were similar for the framingham heart failure risk score except when lv mass was indexed to fat-free mass.
noncommunicable diseases are rapidly overtaking infectious , perinatal , nutritional , and maternal diseases as the major causes of worldwide death and disability.
preventing the potential ramifications of a worldwide epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases in a sustainable manner requires coordinated , collaborative efforts.
we emphasize the importance of training kenyan clinician-investigators who will ultimately lead efforts in cvpd care , education , and research.
this penultimate aim will be achieved by our @number@ main goals.
worldwide , people engage insufficiently in physical activity , particularly subjects aged @number@ years and over.
for optimal life-style campaigns , knowledge of motivators and barriers for physical activity is mandatory.
given their specific needs , it is conceivable that these would be different for the oldest old compared to younger subjects.
pubmed , web of science and psychinfo were systematically screened for articles reporting motivators and barriers for physical activity.
papers were excluded if data regarding elderly aged > 79 years were absent.
forty-four relevant articles were included , involving a total of @number@ subjects.
methods : tests employed were the auditory 3-stimulus oddball and the n-back.
results : 3-stimulus oddball task : behavioural : accuracy and reaction time of responses to targets were not affected by exposure.
electrophysiological : augmented n1 was found in the 2g condition ( independent of age group ) .
background : dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( dheas ) is important for its association with immune system function and health outcomes.
the characterization of the genetic and environmental contributions to daily dheas concentrations is thus important for understanding the genetics of health and aging.
samples were taken at multiple specified time points across two non-consecutive days in the home and one day at the study sites.
a twin modeling approach was used to estimate genetic and environmental contributions for time-specific and average dheas concentrations.
additive genetic influences on dheas concentrations were consistent between at-home and dot measures.
late-life depressive syndromes often arise in the context of predementia , dementia syndromes , and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
conversely , patients with a history of mood disorders are at higher risk of developing cognitive impairment.
in this perspective , it is possible to speculate on the presence of a mirror relationship between depressive and cognitive disorders in late-life.
motor performance declines with increasing age and it has been proposed that elder people might compensate for these deficits with increased cerebral activation.
in the elderly group functional activation was generally increased for all tasks with comparable motor performance for ipsilateral primary and secondary motor areas.
the young group showed increased contralateral primary motor cortex activation for the more difficult somatosensory guided precision grip task.
we correlated motor performance of the task with high difficulty and comparable performance with fmri-activation.
elder participants showed a negative correlation for the ipsilateral supplementary motor area ( sma ) and for the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex ( sm1 ) .
young participants showed a positive correlation for contralateral sma and sm1.
background : ataxia telangiectasia ( a-t ) is a rare monogenetic neurodegenerative disease with pulmonary , nutritional , and dysphagic complications.
gastrostomy tube ( gt ) feedings are commonly recommended to manage these co-morbidities.
in general , outcomes of gt placement in patients with progressive diseases that develop during childhood are not well characterized.
the primary purposes of this study were to determine whether gt placement in patients with a-t would be tolerated and associated with caregiver satisfaction.
three ( @percent@ ) patients died within one month of gt placement.
caregivers of patients tolerating gt placement reported significant improvements in mealtime satisfaction and participation in daily activities.
conclusions : gt placement can be well tolerated and associated with easier mealtimes in patients with a-t when feeding tubes are placed at young ages.
hence naturally occurring anti-oxidant rich-herbs play a vital role in combating these conditions.
the present study was carried out to investigate the in vitro free-radical quenching capacity of a known ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation called vayasthapana rasayana.
in vitro assays like dpph , frap , abts scavenging to evaluate radical quenching potential were performed.
the total phenolic content ( gallic acid equivalent ) of the vrf is @number@ mg per g of dry mass.
total antioxidant capacity of the formulation , estimated by frap was @number@ ± @number@ μm fe ( ii ) / g dry mass.
this study has validated the potential use of vrf as an anti-oxidant to fight age-related problems.
background : kl-6 is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein classified as a human muc1 mucin.
additional aims of this study were to investigate whether the levels of kl-6 in plasma and sputum are related to ageing and smoking history.
the subjects were classified into five groups according to age , smoking status and presence of copd.
results : the plasma levels of kl-6 increased with age both in non-smokers and smokers.
kl-6 was more prominently expressed in the bronchiolar / alveolar epithelium in copd than in the control lungs.
plasma and sputum kl-6 levels correlated inversely with obstruction and positively with smoking history and ageing.
the linear multiple regression analysis confirmed that age and cigarette smoking had independent effects on plasma kl-6.
this study explores the dynamic relationship between participation in social activities and trajectories of depressive symptomatology among older taiwanese adults surveyed over @number@ years.
two domains of depressive symptoms negative affect and lack of positive affect were measured using a 10-item version of the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale.
conclusions : these findings suggest that maintaining or initiating social participation in later life benefits the mental health of older adults.
facilitating social activities among older adults is a promising direction for programs intended to promote mental health and successful aging among older adults in taiwan.
background : to develop a prediction model that predicts disability in community-dwelling older people.
insight in the predictors of disability is needed to target preventive strategies for people at increased risk.
methods : data were obtained from the rotterdam study , including subjects of @number@ years and over.
finally we developed readily applicable score charts for the calculation of outcome probabilities.
the strongest predictors were age and prior disability.
the contribution of other predictors was relatively small.
the discriminative ability of the basic model was high ; the extended model did not enhance predictive ability.
conclusion : as prior disability status predicts future disability status , interventive strategies should be aimed at preventing disability in the first place.
the interaction effect of education and age on cardiovascular risk factors was tested by including an interaction term.
men with low education had a more than threefold risk of being a smoker ( or @number@ ci @number@.58-7.51 ) .
in women , age was an effect modifier for education in the risk of obesity and smoking.
some social inequalities levelled off in higher age.
longitudinal studies are needed to differentiate between age and birth cohort effects.
aim : to estimate age-specific progression and regression of ed severity among subjects with at least mild self-reported ed.
mmas participants were a population-based sample of men living in boston , massachusetts , united states.
males subjects were obtained from a multinational convenience sample.
ed progression was defined as worsening of ed over time , whereas regression was defined as a lessening of ed severity.
logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age , body mass index ( mmas only ) , and use of pde5i.
a minority of subjects ( @percent@ in mmas and @percent@ in males ) reported use of pde5i.
the proportion of subjects reporting progression increased with age.
the higher rate of progression in mmas may be due in part to the shorter follow-up time ( ∼3 years ) in males.
conclusions : among subjects with some level of self-reported ed , progression and regression are common over a several-year period.
strategies for therapy and intervention for ed should acknowledge this basic evolution with time.
in many cultures , a youthful look is strictly linked to strong and healthy hair.
source of the hair fibre is the hair follicle , a highly specialized skin appendage.
biological alterations because of intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli can destabilize this perfectly organized system , thus effecting hair growth or metabolism.
also , ageing could be characterized as a disturbance in this well-balanced machinery.
providing strategies to fight against these age-related changes is a challenge for hair science.
ultraviolet radiation ( uvr ) in sunlight has deleterious effects on skin , while behavioural changes have resulted in people gaining more sun exposure.
the clinical impact includes a year-on-year increase in skin cancer incidence , and topical sunscreens alone provide an inadequate measure to combat overexposure to uvr.
novel methods of photoprotection are being targeted as additional measures , with growing interest in the potential for systemic photoprotection through naturally sourced nutrients.
objectives : to describe the incidence of dementia in a representative sample of elderly yoruba nigerians and provide information about the risk factors.
setting : eight contiguous , predominantly yoruba-speaking states in nigeria.
participants : persons aged @number@ and older free of dementia at baseline ( n = 1 , 225 ) .
results : at 3-year follow-up , @number@ participants had developed dementia.
compared with men , the age-adjusted hazard ratio ( hr ) for women was @number@ ( p = .002 ) .
greater incidence of dementia was found with more-rural residence and poorer economic status.
participants with poor social engagement at baseline were at significantly greater risk of incident dementia.
conclusion : incident dementia in yoruba nigerians is higher than previously reported.
indices of social isolation are risk factors for incident dementia in this population.
design : cross-sectional analysis of a community-based cohort.
setting : urban and rural counties of central north carolina.
measurements : self-reported data on sociodemographic characteristics and medical conditions , short portable mental status questionnaire , activities of daily living ( adls ) .
results : fifty-five percent of the cohort was black.
blacks were more likely than whites to report disability ( odds ratio = 1.39 , @percent@ confidence interval = @number@ @date@ ) .
culturally appropriate interventions that lower the prevalence or the functional consequences of obesity and diabetes mellitus in blacks could substantially decrease this racial health disparity.
design : historical prospective cohort study.
setting : the save hearts in arizona registry ( share ) .
participants : persons who had experienced cardiac arrest receiving ccr or std-als.
an additional @number@ per @number@ older adults would survive , above the background survival rate of std-als , if given ccr.
conclusion : ccr is associated with superior survival outcomes than std-als for ohcas in people aged @number@ and older.
use of ccr in older adults without known do-not-resuscitate status is warranted.
objectives : to explore the associations between frailty and reproductive axis hormones ( as an important regulatory system ) in middle aged and older men.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : the european male aging study.
participants : three thousand two hundred nineteen community-dwelling european men aged @number@ to @number@
measurements : interviewer-assisted questionnaires to assess physical activity , health status , and mood were administered.
relationships between fi and hormone levels ( as outcomes ) were explored using regression models.
results : mean fi was @number@ ± @number@ ( range @date@ ) was highest in the oldest group.
design : prospective health , aging and body composition study.
setting : two u.s. clinical centers.
participants : one thousand two hundred sixty-three women and @number@ men.
analyses were stratified according to sex.
factor analysis reduced these variables into a smaller number of components , and proportional hazards models assessed risk of major disability for the components identified.
this knowledge gap is impeding the finding of new cancer therapy targets and the development of novel treatment strategies.
in recent years the vital role of post-translational modifications of dna repair proteins , including ubiquitylation and phosphorylation , has been uncovered.
this review will cover recent progress in our understanding of the role of ubiquitylation in the regulation of dna repair.
dna repair is a crucial factor in maintaining a low steady-state level of oxidative dna damage.
oxidative damage may arise from endogenous and exogenous sources and may target nuclear and mitochondrial dna as well as rna and proteins.
there is evidence that each of these regulates responses to cellular stresses , including oxidative stress and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane.
specifically , pink1 and parkin modulate mitochondrial dynamics by promoting autophagic removal of depolarized mitochondria.
mutations in all genes linked to parkinson's disease lead to enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial toxins and oxidative stress.
however , several unanswered questions remain about the underlying mechanism ( s ) involved.
nonetheless , the source of this age-related rm deficit remains unspecified.
one of the most widely investigated factors is an age-related reduction in attentional resources.
to investigate this factor , previous researchers have tested whether dividing yas ' attention during encoding equated their rm performance to that of oas.
however , results from these studies failed to replicate the age-related rm impairment observed in aging.
the current study investigated whether a reduction in attentional resources for processing of relational information ( i.e. , relational attention ) underlies age-related rm deficits.
the behavioral results showed that reduced attentional resources for relational information during encoding equated yas rm performance to that of oas.
hearing impairment is on the rise with the aging population.
it causes conversational problems , whose prevention or solving can be influenced by the physician's own action.
the aim in talking with a hearing-impaired patient is clarity of communication.
tranquility of the surroundings , visibility of the face and lucid speech are essential aspects.
other useful means of conversation include division of speech , emphasized gestures and , in the case of inhibited spoken communication , writing.
it is always possible to improve conversation by paying attention to one's own style of communication and constructing of the situation.
the availability of auditory rehabilitation has significantly improved with the current legislation.
rehabilitation options have developed with advanced hearing aid technology.
with the aging population , the number of persons using a hearing aid is increasing.
a physician will need basic abilities to communicate with an elderly for whom the use of a hearing aid may be problematic.
besides a hearing aid , a hearing-impaired person may need other appliances , such as a better audible doorbell or an amplified telephone.
in severe cases , alarm systems comprising of a fire alarm and indicator of doorbell and telephone ringing may be necessary.
diabetes in the elderly is a growing public health problem , impacting both quality of life and autonomy.
this clinical assessment , which is crucial for individually tailored treatment , must be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team.
professor denys pellerin , one of the rapporteurs , stressed the problems this would pose in coming years.
more than @number@ years later , these forecasts have been confirmed and new emerging problems call for further reflection.
in particular , the place of informal caregivers needs to be reevaluated.
intergenerational links are examined , along with differences between chronological and functional age , chronic health impairments and disabilities in daily living.
the large number of people over @number@ years of age , and their difficult living conditions , underline the importance of informal caregivers.
in @number@ the oosr is likely to be closer to @number@ to @number@ !
while homecare is the most economic form of care , it also appears to be the most difficult to maintain and develop.
several genetic defects have been found in patients and families with the clinical manifestations of arcl ii.
recently , mutations in pycr1 have been linked to cutis laxa with progeroid features.
we ascertained two siblings with of arcl ii born to non-consanguineous parents.
mutation analysis of pycr1 revealed a novel single-base deletion ( c.345delc ) in exon @number@ leading to frame-shift and premature stop of translation.
the effect of this mutation results in a strong reduction of pycr1 expression in skin fibroblasts from affected siblings.
these two cases extend the genotypic spectrum of pycr1-related arcl ii.
little is known about long-term consequences of flight and expulsion during childhood.
@percent@ participants reported posttraumatic stress symptoms indicating current full ptsd , and @percent@ fulfilled the criteria of a current partial ptsd.
the study demonstrates the long-term consequences of flight and expulsion during childhood in aging former refugee children more than @number@ years later.
posttraumatic stress symptoms play a prominent role for quality of life and well-being in this population.
methods : the modified fecal incontinence severity index ( fisi ) was administered at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months in @number@ women.
repeated measures analyses identified factors associated with improved fisi scores among women with baseline scores > 0.
results : fisi scores improved in @number@ ( @percent@ ) across all time points among the @number@ women ( @percent@ ) completing the trial.
improved scores were associated with a one-point lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) score , p < @number@
conclusions : fi severity improved with weight loss.
women with liquid stool fi losing at least @number@ kg and / or increased dietary fiber intake had improved fi frequency.
an operative definition of frailty , useful for the classification of the individual quality of aging , is needed.
moreover , the contribution of the individual genetic background on the frailty status is still questioned.
in both cohorts , we identified groups of subjects homogeneous for their frailty status and characterized by different survival patterns.
a subsequent survival analysis availing of accelerated failure time models allowed us to formulate an operative index able to correlate classification variables with survival probability.
the view that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a fatal outcome of ageing prevails over the view that it mainly affects people aged 75-95.
the former is based on the exponential increase in the incidence of ad with ageing , while the latter on ad prevalence rates.
they differ in terms of the complexity attributed to the concept of neuronal vulnerability to aβ.
expression of sirt1 was evaluated in @number@ cases of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) and five hcc cell lines.
the relationship between the mutation status of p53 and expression of sirt1 was also investigated in @number@ fresh hcc tissues.
expression of sirt1 was significantly elevated in the hcc tissues when compared to that of non-tumor tissues ( p < 0.001 ) .
western blot analysis found no correlation between p53 mutation and expression levels of sirt1.
sirt1 silencing was found to induce cell growth arrest in hcc cells.
these results suggest an association of sirt1 expression with hcc development and that sirt1 plays a role in cancer cell growth.
cold-activated bat was detected in @percent@ of the subjects ( bat-positive ) .
these results suggest that decreased bat activity may be associated with accumulation of body fat with age.
rvot-va in women were @number@ times more frequent than in men , while lvot-va were more frequent in men.
the prevalence of lvot origin i-va increased with age compared to that for the rvot.
the ablation success rate for rvot-va ( @percent@ ) was higher than that for lvot-va ( @percent@ ; p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : distinct gender and age differences were found in the incidence of i-va according to their site of origin.
aging-associated diseases are often caused by progressive loss or dysfunction of cells that ultimately affect the overall function of tissues and organs.
successful treatment of these diseases could benefit from cell-based therapy that would regenerate lost cells or otherwise restore tissue function.
to date , there are numerous hesc lines that have been developed and characterized.
we will also outline the methods currently employed to direct their differentiation into populations of tissue-specific , functional cells.
plasma dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) decreases ~80% between ages @number@ and @number@ yr.
in a preliminary study , we found that @number@ mo of dhea replacement improved insulin action in elderly individuals.
the purpose of the present larger , randomized double-blind study was to determine whether a longer period of dhea replacement improves glucose tolerance.
fifty-seven men and @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ yr were randomly assigned to @number@ mg dhea or placebo once daily.
year one was a randomized , double blind trial.
year @number@ was an open label continuation.
dhea replacement improved glucose tolerance in participants who had abnormal gt initially , reduced plasma triglycerides , and the inflammatory cytokines il6 and tnfα.
poly ( adp-ribosyl ) polymerases ( parps ) have traditionally been linked to chromosome maintenance and dna repair.
ogg1 and msh2 / msh3 promote cag repeat expansion at huntington's disease ( hd ) locusin vivo during removal of oxidized bases from dna.
csb , a transcription-coupled repair ( tcr ) protein , facilitates repair of some of the same oxidative lesions.
in vitro , a knock down csb results in a reduction of transcription-induced deletions at cag repeat tract.
these results raise a possibility that actions of transcription-coupled and base excision repair pathways lead to different outcomes at cag tracts in vivo.
the circadian clock imparts 24-hour rhythmicity on gene expression and cellular physiology in virtually all cells.
disruption of the genes necessary for the circadian clock to function has diverse effects , including aging-related phenotypes.
some circadian clock genes have been described as tumor suppressors , while other genes have less clear functions in aging and cancer.
malnutrition is common among older persons , with important consequences increasing frailty and morbidity and reducing health expectancy.
identification of strategies mimicking key cr mechanisms - increased mitochondrial respiration and reduced production of oxygen radicals - is a hot topic in gerontology.
background and objectives : infection and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of hospitalization and death in patients on dialysis.
the objective of this study was to determine whether an infection-related hospitalization increased the short-term risk of a cardiovascular event in older patients on dialysis.
all hospitalizations were examined from study entry until time of transplant , death , or @date@ .
all discharge diagnoses were examined to determine if an infection occurred during hospitalization.
only principal discharge diagnoses were examined to ascertain cardiovascular events of interest.
results : a total of @number@ patients had at least one cardiovascular event and were included in the self-controlled case-series analysis.
however , parameter values for the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove ( tt-tg ) distance in the young patient have not been defined.
it also remains to be determined how this parameter contributes to patellar instability in the growing knee joint.
purpose : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of the tt-tg distance in patellar instability in the young athlete.
study design : case control study ; level of evidence , @number@
methods : knee magnetic resonance images were collected from @number@ patients with lateral patellar instability and from @number@ control subjects.
student t test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to compare the absolute and relative values of the tt-tg distance between patients and controls.
the relative value was defined as the ratio between the tt-tg distance and the total width of the distal femur.
conclusion : a lateralized tibial tubercle is a relevant anatomic factor in the young athlete and in the adult patient with lateral patellar instability.
its parameter values and its influence on patellar dislocation are independent of patient age and should therefore be evaluated as in adults.
methods : racial differences in self-reported surgical and nonsurgical overnight hospital admissions were examined using cox proportional hazards models.
andersen's behavioral model provided the conceptual framework to identify other potential predictors of admission.
this effect was not significant after controlling for demographics and self-reported physical health.
additional bivariate predictors of surgical admission were intact mental status , having private insurance , and higher education.
conclusion : underutilization of services has been linked to increased mortality in african americans.
modifications in mutable domains associated with service utilization such as perceived discrimination , social support , and having private insurance may be beneficial.
background : valvular and vascular calcification are important early aging phenotypes and represent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
klotho is a gene primarily expressed in the kidney that has an important role in calcium-phosphate homeostasis.
we performed a candidate gene study in the framingham offspring cohort to evaluate the effect of kl-vs variant of the klotho gene on valvular calcification.
allele and genotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls.
valvular calcification was defined as presence of calcification on the mitral annulus or the aortic valve as determined by echocardiography.
a sensitivity analysis of coronary artery calcification by electron beam computed tomography was performed on @number@ patients.
future studies aimed at combining cohorts with echocardiographic phenotypes need to be conducted to identify genetic variants associated with valvular calcification.
background : socio-economic status has been associated with diabetes in cross-sectional studies.
this study aimed to evaluate associations of household income and wealth with both prevalent and incident diabetes among older adults in the uk.
it also evaluated the association between obesity and socio-economic status.
methods : a cohort of people aged ≥50 years was selected from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
the relation of prevalent obesity to household income and wealth was also evaluated using logistic regression models.
results : there were @number@ participants ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) including @number@ ( @percent@ ) with diabetes at baseline.
among @number@ participants initially free from diabetes , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed with diabetes during ∼4 years follow-up.
the adjusted odds ratio for prevalent diabetes in the lowest quintile of wealth compared with the highest was @number@ for men and @number@ for women.
prevalent obesity was significantly associated with lower wealth in women but not in men.
conclusion : lower wealth , but not income , may be associated with prevalent and incident diabetes among older adults in uk.
background : there is no longitudinal evidence about the association between the loss of total appendicular skeletal muscle ( tasm ) and cytokines.
design : five-year prospective cohort study.
subjects : one hundred and fifteen free-living non-sarcopenic older men and women aged 60-84 years at baseline and 5-year follow-up were included.
methods : tasm was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , and the relative change in tasm was calculated.
the response variable was the loss of tasm defined as the lowest sex-specific 15th percentile of the cohort distribution of percentage of change in tasm.
the exposure variables were the baseline serum il-6 and crp levels measured by elisa.
results : sixteen subjects were below the sex-specific 15th percentile of the cohort.
the mean absolute loss of tasm in these men and women subjects was @number@ and @number@ kg , respectively.
these findings remained after adjusting for age , sex and 5-year weight change.
conclusions : inflammation is associated with the loss of tasm in free-living non-sarcopenic older men and women.
background : lifestyle changes around the time of menopause have the potential to impact on morbidity and eventual mortality.
here we review this topic to identify how such changes may improve health at perimenopause and beyond.
methods : searches were performed in medline and other databases.
each subject summary was presented to the eshre workshop group , where omissions or disagreements were resolved by discussion.
results : body weight increases because the decline in physical activity during the perimenopause is greater than the concomitant decline in energy intake.
it is imperative to stop smoking before menopause because the risk of acute myocardial infarction rises sharply thereafter.
cardiovascular events can be reduced by managing risk factors , such as hypertension and increased lipids and body weight.
increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of every major neurodegenerative disease that has been studied.
both the direct and the indirect effects of oxidation and their potential importance in neurodegeneration are considered.
background / purpose : collagen is the major structural protein of the skin and its crosslinks are essential for its mechanical stability.
in photodamaged skin , a decrease of the mature collagen crosslink was reported.
in this study , we investigated the consequences and measurability of the reduced crosslinking.
methods : in order to determine the consequences of reduced collagen crosslinking , in vitro models of reduced collagen crosslinking were established.
the shg signal might be influenced by the interspaces of the collagen molecules within one collagen fibril.
alternative explanations are discussed.
furthermore , the fluorescence lifetime was reduced in the in vitro models of reduced collagen crosslinking.
in the crosslink sites of the collagen molecules , the main ratio of fluorescence is found.
background : the association of red blood cell ( rbc ) storage on morbidity outcome after cardiac surgery is debated.
we sought to clarify the association of the age of transfused blood on outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
study design and methods : data were drawn from a prospective , observational cohort study of morbidity outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
blood transfusion data were obtained retrospectively via the trust blood bank electronic records.
old blood was defined as more than @number@ days old.
the primary outcome measure was postoperative length of stay ( plos ) .
secondary outcome measures included renal failure and morbidity as defined within the postoperative morbidity survey.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) of @number@ participants received a blood transfusion.
each 1-day increase in storage was associated with a @percent@ increase in risk of new renal complications.
conclusion : our data support previous suggestions of an association between transfusion of older rbcs and poorer outcome in cardiac surgery patients.
randomized controlled trials are required to determine the true causal nature of any such association.
background : current research fails to capture the temporal dynamics of chronic disease in favor of cross-sectional snapshots of symptoms and outcomes.
results : longitudinal models found that wives were more likely than husbands to indicate reductions in burden in the months after placement in an institution.
wives also reported greater decreases in depressive symptoms after placement in an institution when compared with husbands.
the results also indicate how advances in nursing science can facilitate future research in the modeling of trajectories and transitions in the dementia care context.
objective : cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of dementia , but the extent to which it shapes cognitive aging trajectories remains unclear.
memory , reasoning , vocabulary , and phonemic and semantic fluency were assessed 3× over @number@ years.
results : all @number@ reserve measures were associated with baseline cognitive function ; the strongest associations were with occupation and the weakest with height.
all cognitive functions except vocabulary declined over the 10-year follow-up period.
the decline in reserve groups defined by education ( p = @number@ ) and height ( p = @number@ ) was similar.
interpretation : cognitive performance over the adult life course was remarkably higher in the high reserve groups.
neuropsychological or cognitive rehabilitation has undergone a considerable theoretical and practical development as a specialised field of research and clinical application in its own right.
method : a single-group repeated measures design was used ( n = @number@ ) .
the frequency and duration of va were measured through computer-assisted direct observation several times before , during and after the intervention.
results : a statistically significant reduction of the duration of va during the intervention phase relative to other phases of the protocol was found.
this effect was limited to the period during which the treatment is being applied.
conclusion : this need-based intervention appears promising for improving the behaviour of a considerable proportion of patients.
objective : this study aims to identify the relationship among social functioning , polypharmacy and depression among older patients in hong kong.
method : three out of @number@ elderly health centres were selected using the cluster sampling method.
of them @number@ were re-assessed in @number@
results : at follow-up , their mean age was @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) , of whom @percent@ were females.
if there was no medication review at baseline , the impact of polypharmacy on depression was subsided.
conclusion : medication review is important in the prediction and treatment process of depression as it can moderate the impact of social functioning and polypharmacy.
therefore , medical professionals should prescribe fewer medications to eliminate adverse drug reactions and reduce depressive symptoms.
however , the study reflects that older adults might feel depressed by not being able to control the result of their reviews.
the positivity ratio was also associated with mental health status in the hypothesized direction ; higher positivity ratios were associated with better mental health.
method : smsq has been developed on a large and heterogeneous sample ( n = @number@ ) via both , web-based and paper-and-pencil form.
results : analyses revealed good content validity , factorial validity , internal consistency reliability , and construct validity in terms of expected theoretical group differences.
age differences found on smsq between young and old adults confirm the well-established empirical findings on the memory and aging.
introduction : depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in parkinson's disease ( pd ) , but is often under-diagnosed and under-recognized.
method : cross-sectional study conducted at a movement disorders outpatient clinic.
one hundred ten patients with a diagnosis of pd without dementia were evaluated.
two self-rating scales ( zung self-rating depression scale and 15-item geriatric depression scale ) were also used.
results : the prevalence of current depression in the sample was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
the scores of the phq-2 discriminated between subjects with and without depression , with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of @number@
the sensitivity and specificity for a cut-off score of three were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the values for the depression item of the updrs were slightly lower.
conclusion : the phq-2 is a valid tool for screening depression in pd.
unlike many previous studies which have found a significant relationship between gender and depressive symptoms , this study failed to reveal any such relationship.
conclusion : widowed elderly adults experienced more depressive symptoms than did married.
the differences in depressive symptoms between married and widowed elderly people could be explained by the inverse of the level of family support.
the subjects ' perception of friend support had different effects on the depressive symptoms of elderly adults with different marital statuses.
background : recent research has highlighted the important role of emotion dysregulation in the occurrence and maintenance of depressive symptomatology.
results : consistent with previous theories older adults experiencing mds reported greater difficulties in regulating affect compared to normal controls ( ncs ) .
conclusion : the present results provide support for previous findings demonstrating that experiencing depressive symptoms affects the ability to regulate emotional responses.
current findings are likely to be informative in terms of understanding emotion dysregulation in older adults at risk of experiencing clinical symptoms of depression.
a limited number of studies have examined the co-occurrence of alcohol use and smoking and their mental health effects in middle and late life.
then , the main and interaction effects of drinking and smoking on psychological distress were analyzed.
findings show that smoker-nondrinkers are the most disadvantaged group in terms of sociodemographic and health characteristics , while drinker-nonsmokers are the most advantaged group.
the findings highlight the vulnerability of heavy smoking middle-aged and older women.
path analysis was used to examine the study objectives.
results : filial piety was not directly related to depression , but rather worked indirectly through caregiving burden.
caregiver depression was predicted positively by caregiving burden , while burden was predicted negatively by filial piety.
sense of mastery emerged as a major ( negative ) predictor and as a mediator between caregiving burden and depressive symptoms.
researchers and practitioners should be sensitive to issues of family care among such traditional populations in transition.
normal human cells have a replicative life span and therefore senesce.
usually , normal human cell strains are differentiated cells and reach a terminally differentiated state after a number of cell divisions.
at present , definitive differences are not known between replicative senescence and terminal differentiation.
recently , a method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) was developed.
thus , we succeeded in establishing ipsc clones from tig-1.
the ipscs formed teratoma containing the structures developed from all three germ-cell layers in severe combined immune-deficiency mice.
background : a national surveillance program of colon cancer treatment was introduced in @number@
results : overall 5-year survival was @percent@ , and overall hospital mortality was @percent@ , with @percent@ in elective cases and @percent@ after urgent surgery.
conclusions : the operative mortality was high and should be reassessed.
the lymph node count did not have a significant impact on outcome overall , whereas the lnr proved significant for stage iii.
we evaluated the full field electroretinogram ( erg ) to assess age-related changes in retina function in humans.
changes in erg properties were found in the oldest age group when compared with the two younger age groups.
( @number@ ) the photopic hill effect was less pronounced.
( @number@ ) both photopic a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and implicit times were increased at high stimulus strengths.
( @number@ ) dark adaptation time was delayed for pure rod and l / m cone-driven responses , respectively.
( @number@ ) dark-adapted a-wave but not b-wave amplitudes were reduced , yielding higher b / a ratios.
( @number@ ) dark-adapted a- and b-waves implicit times were prolonged : there was a direct proportional correlation between minimal a-wave implicit times and age.
there is an urgent need for expanding the number of brain banks serving psychiatric research.
our protocol was designed to minimize limitations faced by previous initiatives , and to enable design-based neurostereological analyses.
the psy-bbbabsg first milestone is the collection of @number@ brains each of bd and ocd patients , and matched controls.
the brains are sourced from a population-based autopsy service.
the clinical and psychiatric assessments were done by an expert team including psychiatrists , through an informant.
one hemisphere was perfused-fixed to render an optimal fixation for conducting neurostereological studies.
the other hemisphere was comprehensively dissected and frozen for molecular studies.
in @number@ months , we collected @number@ brains.
the majority were male ( @percent@ ) , and the average age at death was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the average postmortem interval was @number@ h.
three matched controls were collected.
the pilot stage confirmed that the protocols are well fitted to reach our goals.
our unique autopsy source makes possible to collect a fairly number of high quality cases in a short time.
such a collection offers an additional to the international research community to advance the understanding on neuropsychiatric diseases.
adipose tissue is not a homogeneous organ.
visceral fat accumulation is associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome , but peripheral subcutaneous ( sc ) fat accumulation may be protective.
human skin is continuously exposed to uv light.
uv can penetrate the epidermis and into the mid-dermis , but not into the sc fat tissue of human skin.
the aim of this study is to evaluate the association between physical activity level and physical fitness with erectile dysfunction in men aged 40-75 years.
we examined @number@ men aged 40-75 years.
the individuals were evaluated for age , presence of dyslipidemia and smoking and for anthropometric parameters for the characterization of body mass index.
for assessing the level of physical fitness , a test was performed to measure the indirect maximum oxygen consumption.
this study showed that younger men with higher physical activity and better physical fitness are less likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction.
this study reinforces the concept that healthy habits have a direct effect on erectile function.
cardiac structural remodeling occurs in concert with electrophysiologic remodeling , both of which contribute to atrial and ventricular rhythm disturbances , including af.
af and hf , instead of representing distinct disease processes , often represent different endpoints along a disease continuum.
recently , a key role in memory t cell homing and survival has been attributed to the bone marrow ( bm ) in mice.
bm-resident memory t cells produce more ifn-γ and are frequently polyfunctional.
accordingly , il-15 induced an identical pattern of cd69 expression in peripheral blood cd4 ( + ) and cd8 ( + ) t cell subsets.
moreover , the il-15-inducible molecules bcl-x ( l ) , mip-1α , mip-1β , and ccr5 were upregulated in the human bm.
background : some studies have reported that overall diet quality affects bone status in postmenopausal women ; however , the findings are inconsistent.
our secondary objective was to explore the associations between the components of the hei-2005 and the mypyramid food groups and btms.
design : we used cross-sectional data from nhanes 1999-2002.
results : no association was found between the total hei-2005 score and btms.
the milk group component of hei-2005 had a significant negative linear relation with untx / cr.
women in the lowest tertile of the mypyramid milk group had the highest untx / cr.
those in the highest tertile of energy-adjusted added sugar intake had the highest bap.
conclusions : our results support the ability of a healthy diet with adequate dairy intake to promote bone health in aging women.
however , we found that the hei-2005 is not a good measure of healthy eating for optimal bone health.
further research is needed to develop an overall dietary assessment tool in relation to bone health for postmenopausal women.
for example , neutrophil apoptosis is central to the resolution of acute inflammation , whereas autoreactive and virus-infected cells are similarly deleted.
additionally , attractive signals are released from dying cells to recruit phagocytes to sites of death.
logistic regression analysis did not reveal any male age-related influences on sperm parameters like concentration , motility or morphology.
no significant male age-related increase in dfi or immature chromatin was demonstrable for these patients.
previous research has found the employment consequences of poor health to be of increased magnitude in low qualified groups.
an expectation of the article is that stronger effects of poor health may be found in young adults compared to middle aged people.
the article considers two possible explanations : normative change and life stage resources.
using three-wave panel data from the norwegian county of nord-trøndelag , the hunt study allows the study of respondents over two decades.
two narrow cohorts have been selected for comparison , and health was measured by self-reported longstanding limiting illness.
for the analyses , cross tabulations , logistic regression , and fixed effects logistic regression techniques are used.
cohort differences in the employment consequences of poor health are not likely to be caused by poorer work ethics among younger cohorts.
it uses healthcare and media literature to compare their use of realism and assess their likely effect on public awareness.
background : driving cessation can lead to negative consequences , such as depression and reduced social activities.
background : many office-based assessment tools are used by occupational therapists to predict fitness to drive.
purpose : to appraise psychometric properties of such tools , specifically predictive validity for on-road performance.
using a standardized appraisal process , reviewers rated each tool's psychometric properties , including its predictive validity with on-road performance.
findings : seventeen measures met the inclusion criteria.
evidence suggests many tools do not have cutoff scores linked with on-road outcomes , although some had stronger evidence than others.
implications.
in addition , in elderly subjects , the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents often have a quite peculiar connotation.
this article reviews the evidence supporting the use of antithrombotic drugs in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease.
methods : average heights and associated secular trends were analyzed for each state and in relation to socioeconomic variables.
bivariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the association of socioeconomic factors and consumption of animal-source foods with height.
results : data from anthropometric measurements were available for @number@ men and @number@ women in the age group from @number@ to @number@ years.
the average heights of adult men and women were @number@ and @number@ cm , respectively , with wide variation among states.
there were striking regional differences in the average heights and the secular trends in height.
similarly , higher socioeconomic status was associated with greater height and a greater secular increase in height.
conclusions : the secular increase in height has been modest in india in spite of impressive economic growth.
consumption patterns of milk in different states may be related to the regional differences in height.
balance disorders can have a major functional impact among the elderly.
the main risk is falling.
three elements are implicated in the loss of balance : vision , proprioception and the vestibular system.
this article will discuss mainly vestibular damage and its implications.
the assessment of balance disorders , particularly in geriatric patients , is based on validated scales composed of several items.
these provide scores and are based on the results of chronometric measurements.
they can be useful for the application of vestibular rehabilitation ( vr ) , a technique improving the adaptation and autonomy of these patients.
the human hip is subjected to several hundred million loading cycles during a lifetime.
hip instability and femoro-acetabular impingement cause damage to the rim of the acetabulum.
the acetabular rim is a highly specialized structure known as the labro-acetabular complex.
a unidirectional flow of synovial fluid has been identified in this region.
the synovial fluid circulation is driven by the bellows-like movement of the zona orbicularis and depends on hip flexion and extension.
surgical repair of the damaged labro-acetabular complex should satisfy two goals.
first , the labrum should be preserved or reconstructed when possible.
second , the precipitating cause of the labro-acetabular damage must be addressed.
in the midbrain , white matter volume was observed to decrease with increasing fatigue duration.
a strong correlation in cfs between brainstem gm volume and pulse pressure suggested impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation.
it can be argued that at least some of these changes could arise from astrocyte dysfunction.
aim : some elderly patients with incontinence require the care of third parties , known as caregivers.
such care can occur on a daily basis leaving little opportunity for the caregiver to take care of himself / herself.
in brazil , the study population carried out in são paulo in the year @number@ and reassessed in @number@ ( cohort a ) .
urinary incontinence was assessed by iciq-sf and caregiver burden by means of zarit burden scale.
results : a total of @number@ patients with caregivers were included in the study.
the general prevalence of urinary incontinence was @percent@ , higher among the women.
there was a significant positive association between caregiver burden and incontinent patients , demonstrating that urinary incontinence in elderly patients produced greater caregiver burden.
in the present study , the variables with significant correlations were assessed using the multivariate logistic regression model.
likewise , the category of impaired cognition increased the chances of caregiver burden @number@.34-fold.
conclusions : urinary incontinence and cognitive impairment in elderly patients were associated to an increase in caregiver burden.
previous diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) studies confirmed the vulnerability of frontal callosal fibers to normal aging.
the present study extended this examination systematically to other prefrontal white matter regions.
structural magnetic resonance imaging and dti datasets were acquired from @number@ healthy subjects aged 22-84 years.
tract-specific characteristics were calculated using matlab.
regression models were used to determine the relationship between age and structural integrity of white matter tracts.
the results of our study demonstrate regional age-related changes in the prefrontal white matter tracts of the human brain.
this study was cross-sectional and therefore additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.
blood pressure ( bp ) was monitored intermittently.
age changes affect the oral mucosa ( the protective lining of the oral cavity ) , but few of these have been studied objectively.
the aim of this study was to quantitatively analyse a number of morphometric parameters of the ageing oral mucosa.
morphometric parameters extracted from theoretical cell areas computed programatically were also analysed.
both measures remained depressed during the 30-min recovery period.
peak twitch torque ( p ( t ) ) was ~50% lower in the old at task termination , whereas the young were unchanged.
despite the numerous studies of protein kinase ck2 , little progress has been made in understanding its function in chondrocyte death.
our previous study first demonstrated that ck2 is involved in apoptosis of rat articular chondrocytes.
recent studies have suggested that ck2 downregulation is associated with aging.
thus examining the involvement of ck2 downregulation in chondrocyte death is an urgently required task.
we undertook this study to examine whether ck2 downregulation modulates chondrocyte death.
we first measured ck2 activity in articular chondrocytes of 6- , 21- and 30-month-old rats.
noticeably , ck2 activity was downregulated in chondrocytes with advancing age.
viability assay demonstrated that ck2 inhibitors facilitated tnf-α-mediated chondrocyte death.
the results of multiple assays showed that this cell death was mediated by apoptosis.
importantly , autophagy was also involved in this process , as supported by the appearance of a punctuate lc3 pattern and autophagic vacuoles.
autophagic cells were observed in cartilage obtained from osteoarthritis ( oa ) model rats and human oa patients.
our findings indicate that ck2 down regulation facilitates tnf-α-mediated chondrocyte death through apoptosis and autophagy.
it should be clarified in the future if autophagy observed is a consequence versus a cause of the degeneration in vivo.
cocoa products , which are rich sources of flavonoids , have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
the objective was to examine the effects of dark chocolate / cocoa product consumption on the lipid profile using published trials.
the primary effect measure was the difference in means of the final measurements between the intervention and control groups.
in all , @number@ clinical trials consisting of @number@ participants were included in the analysis.
treatment duration ranged from @number@ to @number@ weeks.
background : faecal occult blood tests ( fobts ) are used for colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening.
methods : we prospectively measured faecal occult blood levels by a quantitative immunochemical fobt ( ridascreen ) in @number@ average-risk subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy.
pedunculated shape was strikingly more common in participants with left- vs right-sided advanced neoplasia ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ) .
in logistic regression analyses adjusted for site , pedunculated shape was statistically significantly associated with test sensitivity ( p = 0.04 ) .
conclusions : the immunochemical fobt in our study was more sensitive for detecting subjects with left- vs right-sided advanced colorectal neoplasia.
xpg is a structure-specific endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) .
xpg incision defects result in the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum , whereas truncating mutations of xpg cause the severe postnatal progeroid developmental disorder cockayne syndrome.
annealing by xpg is cooperative , rather than additive , with wrn annealing.
retrogenesis refers to the phenomenon by which degenerative processes in aging reverse the sequence of acquisition in development.
furthermore , ad patients showed lower fa in the posterior part of the brain with relatively early-myelinating fiber bundles.
additional analysis on axial diffusion and radial diffusion measures suggest that demyelination may be the main mechanism underlying the observed microstructural impairments.
a person's ability to be independent is dependent on his or her overall health , mobility , and ability to complete activities of daily living.
this paper presents iats that are currently in development in the research community to support tasks that can be impacted by compromised cognition.
background and objective : lack of baseline values is a limitation in the quantification of physical performance testing of the low back muscles.
the purpose of this study is to present an age and gender normative values for static back extensor muscles ' endurance in adults.
subjects and methods : five hundred and sixty one healthy adults aged between @number@ to @number@ years volunteered for this study.
endurance of the low back musculature was assessed using modified biering-sørensen test of static muscular endurance.
results : the mean endurance time of all the participants was @number@ ± @number@ seconds.
men had higher mean endurance than women ( t = 3.309 ; p = 0.001 ) .
significant difference ( f = 32.702 ; p = 0.001 ) was found in the endurance time across the age groups.
there was an age and gender variation in the percentile values.
the normative values demonstrate that a decrease in endurance time is expected with increasing age.
the significant age and anthropometric differences across the age groups could contribute to the endurance differences.
physical activity may promote cognitive health in older adults.
popular media play an important role in preventive health communication.
this study examined articles discussing associations between physical activity and cognitive health in top-circulating magazines targeting older adults.
@number@ pages of magazines published from @number@ to @number@ were reviewed ; @number@ articles met inclusion criteria.
explanations regarding the link between physical activity and cognitive health were provided in @percent@ of articles.
these explanations were generally consistent with empirical evidence ; however , few articles included empirical evidence.
physical activity recommendations were presented in @percent@ of articles ; a wide range was recommended ( 90-300 min of physical activity per wk ) .
socioeconomic status and education level were not mentioned in the text.
results suggest an opportunity for greater coverage regarding the role of physical activity in promoting cognitive health in popular media.
magazine content would benefit from including more empirical evidence , culturally sensitive content , and physical activity recommendations that are consistent with u.s. guidelines.
further exploration of grei and its effects on other psychological variables related to perceived exercise behaviors may substantiate its effectiveness.
explosive-type strength training may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women.
this may improve functional ability.
stair ascent was assessed at self-chosen ( afv ) , standardized ( asv ) , and maximal velocity ( amv ) pre- and posttraining.
ground-reaction force ( grf ) and emg quantified kinetics and neuromuscular activity.
this was accompanied by elevated rectus femoris emg ( from @percent@ to @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
muscle coactivation remained unaltered in both groups.
explosive-type strength training led to enhanced stair-climbing performance at maximal and self-chosen speed , reflecting an improved functional ability.
the acceptability of a high-calorie-expenditure ( hce ) exercise program in older coronary heart disease patients participating in a behavioral weight-control program was evaluated.
the hce group experienced significantly greater weight loss ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ kg , p < @number@ ) .
hce exercise also resulted in greater positive change in exercise enjoyment ( p = @number@ ) , which was mediated by weight change.
even high-risk older adults can be successful in an hce exercise program and experience no adverse physical or emotional changes.
individuals with parkinson's disease ( pd ) often experience cognitive declines.
although pharmacologic therapies are helpful in treating motor deficits in pd , they do not appear to be effective for cognitive complications.
acute bouts of moderate aerobic exercise have been shown to improve cognitive function in healthy adults.
however , individuals with pd often have difficulty with exercise.
this study examined the effects of passive leg cycling on executive function in pd.
executive function was assessed with trail-making test ( tmt ) a and b before and after passive leg cycling.
significant improvements on the tmt-b test occurred after passive leg cycling.
furthermore , the difference between times to complete the tmt-b and tmt-a significantly decreased from precycling to postcycling.
improved executive function after passive cycling may be a result of increases in cerebral blood flow.
these findings suggest that passive exercise could be a concurrent therapy for cognitive decline in pd.
the early decline in lh to @percent@ of baseline was not different in older vs. younger pmw.
attenuation of positive feedback in older compared with younger pmw is consistent with previous reports of declining gnrh responsiveness with aging.
in the elderly , the rise in postprandial plasma triglyceride ( tg ) concentrations is increased , contributing to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
blood and expired air samples were taken before and at 2-h intervals during the 8-h postprandial period.
plasma apob-100 concentration was higher , whereas the rate of oxidation of the ingested lipid was lower ( p < @number@ ) in the elderly.
we conclude that increased postprandial lipemia in the elderly involves increased contribution of ingested lipid to the plasma small trls.
context : acute st-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
in experimental models of mi , erythropoietin reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular ( lv ) function.
objective : to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single intravenous bolus of epoetin alfa in patients with stemi.
intervention : participants were randomly assigned to treatment with intravenous epoetin alfa or matching saline placebo administered within @number@ hours of reperfusion.
subgroup analyses raised concerns about an increase in infarct size among older patients.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00378352.
objective : numerous studies have examined the association between body mass index ( bmi ) and mortality.
the precise shape of their association , however , has not been established.
we use nonparametric methods to determine the relationship between bmi and mortality.
the association varies considerably by time since interview and cause of death.
for instance , the association has an inverted j shape for respiratory causes but is monotonically increasing for diabetes deaths.
discussion : our findings have implications for interpreting results from bmi-mortality studies and suggest caution in translating the findings into public health messages.
the importance of bystander effects is becoming more appreciated , as studies show they may affect the course of cancer and other chronic diseases.
the term \ "bystander effects \ " refers to changes in naïve cells sharing the same milieu with cells that have been damaged.
bystander cells may be in contact with , or distant from , damaged cells.
recently , we have shown a similar effect in animals.
mice harboring subcutaneous tumors exhibited elevated levels of dna damage in distant organs.
here , we discuss some of the implications of these observations.
the color trails test ( ctt ) was developed as a culturally fair analog of the trail making test.
the instrument was applied to @number@ healthy participants , aged 19-75.
however , the link between metabolic rate and longevity is imperfect.
fatty acids vary dramatically in their susceptibility to peroxidation and the products of lipid peroxidation are very powerful reactive molecules that damage other cellular molecules.
most of these comparisons support an important role for membrane fatty acid composition in the determination of longevity.
it is apparent that membrane composition is regulated for each species.
unlabelled : obesity has become a serious global health issue affecting both adults and children.
as a disease , obesity has deleterious effects on metabolic homeostasis , and affects numerous organ systems including heart , kidney and the vascular system.
thus , obesity is now regarded as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis-related diseases such as coronary artery disease , myocardial infarction and stroke.
in the arterial system , endothelial cells are both the source and target of factors contributing to atherosclerosis.
endothelial vasoactive factors regulate vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions and maintain basal vascular tone.
obesity results in an imbalance between endothelium-derived vasoactive factors favouring vasoconstriction , cell growth and inflammatory activation.
abnormal regulation of these factors due to endothelial cell dysfunction is both a consequence and a cause of vascular disease processes.
finally , because of the similarities of the vascular pathomechanisms activated , obesity can be considered to cause accelerated , ' premature ' vascular aging.
linked articles : this article is part of a themed section on fat and vascular responsiveness.
to view the other articles in this section visit @url@
the present study revealed that aβpn3 was deposited in an age-dependent manner in canine brains.
moreover , aβpn3 was the main component of the sp that developed in very old dogs.
the deposition of aβpn3 increased in accordance with the number of sp , but that of n-terminally intact aβ ( aβn1 ) did not.
focal microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy was also observed in the deep cortices and the white matter of the dogs and a woodpecker.
those were always composed of both aβpn3 and aβn1.
objective : there are few reports on the prognosis of patients receiving androgen replacement therapy ( art ) .
in this study , we evaluated the subsequent symptoms of japanese hypogonadal patients who had received art , within several years previously by mail-in survey.
methods : thirty-three aged men with symptoms of hypogonadism and testosterone deficiency who had received art for @number@ months responded to this survey.
the survey consisted of questions associated with present physical and mental status and desire to resume art.
results : the mean duration from the last treatment was @number@ months.
compared with the treatment period , more than half of patients ( @percent@ ) answered that their present condition was better.
a short treatment period may thus be adequate in japanese hypogonadal patients as regards symptomatic changes.
study design : cross-sectional analysis of a national database.
the distribution of the visits for these diagnoses across @number@ specialties was assessed.
the number of visits was projected to the @number@ population based on changes in population demographics predicted by the us census bureau.
conclusions : these data quantify the current outpatient otology workload and predict a substantial increase for many specialties , including otolaryngology.
efforts to prepare for this increase including manpower planning and education appear imperative.
the bioreactor used in this study is a close-loop tubular reactor.
a dispersion model in one dimension has been used to describe the non-ideal behavior of the reactor.
from open-loop experiments ( single-cycle analysis ) , the presence of stagnant zones and back mixing were observed.
the impact of the flow rate , the compliance chamber volume and mixing were investigated.
lower flow rates ( @number@ and @number@ ml min ( @number@ ) ) were associated to smaller extent of dispersion.
the compliance chamber volume greatly affected the dynamics of the rtd function , while the effects of mixing and flow were small to non-significant.
an empirical equation has been proposed to localize minima of the rtd function and to predict per .
results showed differences related to age in the healthy individuals and specific functional dissociations in the brain-damaged patients.
in this study we addressed the subjective benefits of activity interventions that were designed to improve cognitive fitness in old age.
positive and negative affect levels and objective cognitive fitness parameters served as possible covariates.
multilevel modeling revealed that the computer group rated memory and concentration as having improved at @number@ months and again at @number@ months.
the exercise group , in contrast , perceived physical capacities as maintained or improved.
the characteristics of the activity experience seem to determine the perceived fitness changes.
we conclude that actual learning experiences improve one's self-concept of abilities.
prospective remembering is partially supported by cue-driven spontaneous retrieval processes.
spontaneous retrieval was inferred from slowed lexical decision responses to target cues ( i.e. , intention interference ) .
when the intention was finished , younger adults efficiently deactivated their intention , but the older adults continued to retrieve their intentions.
levels of inhibitory functioning were negatively associated with intention interference in the older adult group , but not in the younger adult group.
these results indicate that normal aging might not compromise spontaneous retrieval processes but that the ability to deactivate completed intentions is impaired.
working memory decay in advanced age has been attributed to a concurrent decrease in the ability to control interference.
additionally , we compared memory performance under these access and deletion functions to performance in their respective control conditions.
in addition , intrusion effects in the deletion condition were larger in older than in younger adults.
aging is associated with a reduction in the dna repair capacity under oxidative stress.
however , whether the dna damage and repair capacity can be a biomarker of aging remains controversial.
taken together , dna damage and repair capacity can be a biomarker of aging.
reduced expression of dna polymerase δ1 may be responsible for the decrease of dna repair capacity in senescent cells.
mixed effects analyses showed that movement time and tongue strength best differentiated pd from control subjects.
in the treated pd cohort , motor performance measures changed gradually in contrast to a steady decline in striatal fdopa uptake.
these findings provide evidence that regional loss of nigrostriatal inputs to frontostriatal networks affects specific aspects of motor function.
tobacco smoking during pregnancy remains common , especially in indigenous communities , and likely contributes to respiratory illness in exposed offspring.
inorganic arsenic is a known neurotoxin that has both neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive consequences.
additionally , long-term low-level exposure to arsenic was significantly correlated to poorer scores in global cognition , processing speed and immediate memory.
additional work is warranted given the population health implications associated with long-term low-level arsenic exposure.
a proper balance between synthesis , maturation and degradation of cellular proteins is crucial for cells to maintain physiological functions.
there is a wealth of evidence indicating close ties between the nutrient signaling pathway and the intracellular stress response.
dysregulation of both systems has been implicated in aging and age-associated pathologies.
the associations between blood pressure and dementia have been inconclusive.
during the follow-up , @number@ subjects experienced vascular dementia and @number@ developed alzheimer disease.
midlife hypertension is especially strongly associated with a greater risk of vascular dementia , regardless of late-life blood pressure levels.
background : high levels of β-amyloid ( aβ ) characterize alzheimer disease.
design : prospective study.
setting : community-dwelling older adults.
conclusions : fibrillar aβ detected by [ ( @number@ ) c ] pib-pet increases over time even in nondemented older adults.
moreover , regional vulnerabilities to aβ deposition allow for more targeted investigation of early aβ changes.
objective : to determine the frequency and the phenotypical spectrum of sca15.
design : taqman polymerase chain reaction ( @number@ index cases ) or single-nucleotide polymorphism genome-wide genotyping ( @number@ index cases ) .
patients index cases of @number@ families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia negative for cag repeat expansions in coding exons.
main outcome measures : detection of itpr1 copy number alterations.
results : a deletion of itpr1 was found in @number@ of @number@ families ( @percent@ ) , corresponding to @number@ patients with sca15.
age at onset ranged from @number@ to @number@ years ( mean [ sd ] age , @number@ [ @number@ ] years ) .
the symptom at onset was cerebellar gait ataxia , except in @number@ patient with isolated upper limb tremor.
although families were tested irrespective of their phenotype , patients with sca15 had a homogeneous phenotype and were characterized by a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia.
however , pyramidal signs ( @number@ patients ) and mild cognitive problems ( @number@ patients ) were occasionally present.
radiologic findings showed global or predominant vermian cerebellar atrophy in all patients.
conclusions : in this series , itpr1 deletions were rare and accounted for approximately @percent@ of all autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias.
background : the population of oldest old is increasing , but the prevalence of cognitive impairment is not well characterized in this group.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : women cognitive impairment study of exceptional aging.
participants : a total of @number@ oldest old ( ≥85 years ) women.
main outcome measures : all the women completed a neuropsychological test battery.
the remaining women ( n = @number@ ) were considered cognitively normal.
dementia and mci subtypes were determined using standard criteria.
clinical features consistent with alzheimer disease and mixed dementia were most common , each accounting for @percent@ of dementia cases.
amnestic multiple domain and nonamnestic single domain were the most common mci types , accounting for @percent@ and @percent@ of cases , respectively.
conclusions : in this large sample of oldest old women , @percent@ had clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment.
subtypes of dementia and mci were similar to those in younger populations.
women in the fastest growing demographic , the oldest old , should be screened for cognitive disorders , especially high-risk groups.
method : the sample consisted of @number@ ( @percent@ non-hispanic white , @percent@ non-hispanic black , and @percent@ caribbean hispanic ) older adults.
the validation standard was diagnosis of dementia and mci based on in-person evaluation.
the telephone interview for cognitive status ( tics ) and the dementia questionnaire ( dq ) were administered within the same assessment wave.
validity of the tics was comparable among non-hispanic whites , non-hispanic blacks , and hispanics.
when demographics and prior memory test performance were used to calculate pretest probability , consideration of the telephone measures significantly improved diagnostic validity.
however , telephone interview data were unable to reliably distinguish mci from normal cognition.
converging data from rodents and humans have demonstrated an age-related decline in pattern separation abilities ( the ability to discriminate among similar experiences ) .
several studies have proposed the dentate and ca3 subfields of the hippocampus as the potential locus of this change.
specifically , these studies identified rigidity in place cell remapping in similar environments in the ca3.
we used high-resolution fmri to examine activity profiles in the dentate gyrus and ca3 in young and older adults as stimulus similarity was incrementally varied.
we report evidence for \ "representational rigidity \ " in older adults ' dentate / ca3 that is linked to behavioral discrimination deficits.
these results highlight structural and functional alterations in the hippocampal network that predict age-related changes in memory function and present potential targets for intervention.
to further assess variability and dependence on electrode separation , age and sex , recordings from an additional @number@ normal volunteers were added.
results : there was a high intraclass correlation between repeated recordings of early supernormality , indicating excellent reliability of this vrc measure.
however , relative refractory period had a smaller coefficient of repeatability in relation to the changes previously described during ischemia.
we found no evidence that any of the excitability measures depended on electrode separation , conduction time or apparent velocity.
conclusions : vrc measures are sufficiently consistent to be suitable for comparing muscle membrane function both within subjects and between groups.
early supernormality measurements benefit most from within subject comparisons.
significance : these normative data sets provide a firm basis for planning clinical studies.
few studies have examined the association between ls in the oldest-old and not only health-related , but also psychological and socio-economical factors.
specific diagnoses like stroke , dementia and cardiac disease were not related to ls.
independence in physical functioning was related to unchanged ls , stratified for age and gender during a 3-year follow-up.
relieving symptoms and paying attention to personality factors that modify ls seem to be key-factors in the care of elderly.
prior experience may contribute to improved reactive behavior.
fourteen old ( 59-73 yrs ) and fourteen young ( 22-31 yrs ) males walked on a walkway which included one covered element.
by exchanging this element participants either stepped on hard surface or unexpectedly on soft surface which caused a perturbation in gait.
the gait protocol contained @number@ unexpected soft trials to quantify the reactive adaptation.
each soft trial was followed by 4-8 hard trials to generate a wash-out effect.
mos at recovery leg touchdown were significantly lower in the unexpected soft trials compared to the baseline , indicating a less stable posture.
however , mos increased ( p < 0.05 ) in both groups within the disturbed trials , indicating feedback adaptive improvements.
young and old participants showed differences in the handling of the perturbation in the course of several trials.
old individuals maintain the ability to adapt to feedback controlled perturbations.
however , the locomotor behavior is more conservative compared to the young ones , leading to disadvantages in the reactive adaptation during disturbed walking.
to reduce pediatric obesity in clinical settings , multidisciplinary behaviorally-based treatment programs are recommended.
high attrition and poor compliance are two difficulties frequently encountered in such programs.
the efficacy of mi as an adjunct in the treatment of pediatric obesity remains relatively understudied.
t.e.e.n.s. participants who consent to mi values are randomized to either mi or an education control condition.
all mi sessions are audiotaped and coded to monitor treatment fidelity , which has been satisfactory thus far.
participants complete comprehensive assessments at baseline , 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
we present study design and methods for mi values as well as data on feasibility of recruitment methods and treatment integrity.
at study completion , findings will contribute to the emerging literature examining the efficacy of mi in the treatment of pediatric obesity.
resv mediates a wide-range of biological activities , which comprise an increased life span , anti-ischemic , anti-cancer , antiviral , anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.
studies in several animal prototypes of brain injury suggest that resv is an effective neuroprotective compound.
background : sleep disturbance is a common complaint in the general population.
there is , however , little cross-national comparative evidence on the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its association with age.
result : the prevalence rate of sleep disturbance varied between and within age groups , as well as between the @number@ european countries.
the highest positive correlation with change in restless sleep reports occurred with respect to health deterioration.
satisfaction with living standards showed the strongest negative association with change in restless sleep reports.
conclusion : there is considerable variation in reports of sleep disturbance across different european countries.
being in an older age group appears to be associated with worsening sleep , though not always.
different patterns of sleep disturbance seem to indicate the considerable variability of the aging experience across europe.
background : the purpose of this study is to determine if the three-step luria test is useful for differentiating between cognitive disorders.
methods : a retrospective record review of performance on the three-step luria test was conducted on @number@ participants from a university-based dementia clinic.
performance of the luria test was graded as normal or abnormal.
results : an abnormal test occurred in @percent@ of nc , @percent@ of mci , @percent@ of ftd , and @percent@ of ad subjects.
the frequency of abnormal tests in all diagnostic groups increased with functional impairment as assessed by the clinical dementia rating scale ( cdr ) .
when cdr = @number@ ( severe ) , @percent@ of the ftd and @percent@ of the ad subjects had abnormal luria tests.
conclusions : the three-step luria test distinguished nc and persons with mci from ftd and ad , but did not distinguish ftd from ad subjects.
background : elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia.
we examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine and cognitive decline in an older hypertensive population.
individual rates of decline on five cognitive domains were calculated for each patient.
end of study plasma homocysteine , folate and b12 concentrations were measured.
the relationship between homocysteine levels and cognitive decline was studied using multivariate regression models , and by comparing high versus low homocysteine quartile groups.
change in working memory and attention were not associated with plasma homocysteine , folate or b12.
high homocysteine was associated with greater decline with a cohen's d effect size of approximately @number@ compared to low homocysteine.
conclusions : in a population of older hypertensive patients , higher plasma homocysteine was associated with cognitive decline.
evaluations of the effectiveness of these models tend to focus on process measures rather than outcomes for the older person.
numerous frailty scales have been developed for case identification and stratification of risk of adverse outcomes.
we suggest that they may also be particularly suitable for evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional working with community-dwelling older people.
several exemplars of frailty scales that might serve this purpose are identified , and their potential contributions and limitations are discussed.
further work is required to establish which is the most suitable scales for this application.
significance : plants produce many small molecules with biomedical potential.
their absorption from foods , metabolism , their effects on physiological and pathological processes , and the mechanisms of action are intensely investigated.
many are known to affect multiple cellular functions.
mitochondria are coming to be recognized as a major target for these compounds , especially redox-active ones , but the mechanisms involved still need clarification.
recent advances : antioxidant , protective effects may arise as a reaction to a low-level pro-oxidant activity , largely taking place at mitochondria.
the low bioavailability of many of these molecules poses a problem for both the study of their activities and their utilization.
studies on decision making have come to challenge the idea that having more choice is necessarily better.
finally , we examined how personality style may interact with cognitive variables and age in decision making.
regression analysis revealed that numeracy is related to performance across the lifespan.
when controlling for additional measures of cognitive ability , we found that although age was no longer associated with performance , numeracy remained significant.
in terms of decision style , personality characteristics were not related to performance.
our results add to the mounting evidence for the critical role of numeracy in decision making across decision domains and across the lifespan.
introduction : the aim of our research was to quantify the presence of totally sclerotized glomeruli during the aging process.
material and methods : the study material were kidney tissue samples taken from fifty-six cadavers , their age ranging from @number@ to over @number@ years.
the analysis was carried out on @number@ fields of vision per one sample.
the numerical density of completely sclerotic and other glomeruli was measured , and the resulting percentages were obtained from this parameter.
results : completely sclerotic glomeruli were not found in the first group.
they were observed in the ii aging group ( @percent@ ) for the first time.
chronic non-terminal diseases , including postmenopausal osteoporosis , are associated with poor treatment compliance and persistence.
the longer a patient with osteoporosis complies and persists with treatment , the lower the risk of fracture.
however , these data do not contain information about patient choices of medication or patient commitment to particular medication regimens.
patient preferences can affect compliance and persistence behaviours.
informed patient decision making about treatment options , adverse effects and outcomes can have a beneficial impact on medication-taking behaviour.
healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the management of factors associated with poor compliance and persistence with osteoporosis therapies.
genotypes for mnsod ala-9-val gene polymorphism were identified by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( pcr-rfpl ) .
however , no significant difference was observed in the distribution of each genotype among pca patients , with respect to tumor grade.
on the other hand , smoking status and aging did not seem to change the association between genotypes and pca risk.
ala / ala genotype of mnsod polymorphism may have an effect on adverse features of pca such as high stage disease.
background : the eye lens is composed of fiber cells that are filled with α- , β- and γ-crystallins.
the primary function of crystallins is to maintain the clarity of the lens through ordered interactions as well as through the chaperone-like function of α-crystallin.
with aging , the chaperone function of α-crystallin decreases , with the concomitant accumulation of water-insoluble , light-scattering oligomers and crystallin-derived peptides.
the role of crystallin-derived peptides in age-related lens protein aggregation and insolubilization is not understood.
age-related change in the concentration of αa- ( 66-80 ) peptide was estimated by mass spectrometry.
the interaction of the peptide with native crystallin was studied by multi-angle light scattering and fluorescence methods.
high molar ratios of peptide-to-crystallin were favourable for aggregation and precipitation.
additionally , the αa- ( 66-80 ) peptide shares the principal properties of amyloid peptides , such as β-sheet structure and fibril formation.
the accumulation of such peptides in aging lenses may explain a novel mechanism for age-related crystallin aggregation and cataractogenesis.
data regarding cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the database of the international agency for research on cancer ( iarc ) .
to evaluate the early diagnosis and survival rates , the mortality-to-incidence rate ratio ( mr / ir ) was calculated from the iarc data.
it is likely that psa screening also contributes significantly to the differences in prostate cancer mortality rates.
prostate cancer has the highest incidence rate among five common malignancies in asian americans.
however , the mr / ir ratio of prostate cancer is the lowest among cancers.
the low incidence rate of prostate cancer does not reflect the actual statistics of this disease in asia.
the data from limited institutions in many asian countries seem to bias the true incidence and mortality rates.
to improve this situation , incorporating psa screening for prostate cancer , as well as constructing a nationwide cancer registration system , will be helpful.
dysregulation of adipose tissue-derived bioactive molecules , termed adipokines , is recognized as common ground for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome associated with obesity.
however , adipokine dysregulation is paradoxically associated with lipodystrophy and lipoatrophy with aging.
furthermore , adipose tissue dysfunction indicated by dysregulation of leptin , tumor necrosis factor-α , and adiponectin is associated with poor prognosis in centenarians.
positive health outcomes hinge on the effective use of medications especially among vulnerable , chronically ill , and aging populations.
yet , increasingly powerful and complex drug combinations are used to treat patients with chronic diseases and multiple health conditions.
as treatment complexity increases the potential grows for non-adherence to medications due to side-effects , drug-disease interactions , costs , and patient confusion about medicines.
pharmacists are the medication experts on a health care team.
there has been minimal attention paid in the literature to the aesthetics of the perioral area , either in youth or in senescence.
the atrophy of senescence was treated by adding volume to the lips and filling the deep nasolabial creases.
the article describes the etiologies behind the dysmorphologies in this area and presents a problem-oriented algorithm for treating them.
methods : participants were randomized to receive a lung age-based motivational strategy ( intervention group ) versus standard care ( control group ) .
at @number@ month , all participants were interviewed by telephone to determine whether they made a quit attempt.
results : a total of @number@ participants were enrolled , and @number@ completed the study.
the quit attempt rates were not different between the intervention and control groups ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , respectively , p = @number@ ) .
further work is needed to refine the approach to smokers with normal lung age.
aberrant microrna ( mirna ) expression might be of potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancers.
overall , @number@ studies that investigated mirna expression in tissue and @number@ studies that investigated mirna levels in plasma were included.
a total of @number@ mirnas were found to be dysregulated in crc.
mir-92a was significantly upregulated in crc patients in two of the plasma-based studies and in crc tissue in one of the tissue-based studies.
our results provide timely and relevant information for mirnas as potential diagnostic biomarkers for crc.
the expression of mirnas in plasma may be indicative of presence of crc.
larger diagnostic studies are needed to evaluate potential use of mirna expression in early detection and diagnosis of crc.
the authors examined the relationship between the sex composition of offspring and parental survival in contemporary china and taiwan.
the clhls sample consisted of @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and over in @number@
the tlsa sample comprised two cohorts : @number@ persons aged @number@ years and over in @number@ and @number@ persons aged 50-66 years in @number@
these cohorts were followed up for @number@ @number@ and @number@ years , respectively.
the cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between the sex composition of offspring and parental mortality.
results : based on seven measures of sex composition , no protective effect of sons was found in either china or taiwan.
in taiwan , daughters may have been more beneficial than sons in reducing mortality in recent years.
despite enhancing cardiopulmonary and muscular fitness , the effect of hypoxic exercise training ( he ) on hemorheological regulation remains unclear.
this study investigates how he modulates erythrocyte rheological properties and further explores the underlying mechanisms in the hemorheological alterations.
reduced erythrocyte deformability by h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) was inversely related to the erythrocyte gardos effect on the rheological function.
conversely , ne intervention did not significantly change resting and exercise erythrocyte rheological properties.
simultaneously , this intervention depresses gardos channel-modulated erythrocyte rheological functions.
results of this study provide further insight into erythrocyte senescence induced by he.
daily living skills are important to ageing adults with intellectual disabilities ( id ) .
descriptives were presented by categories of gender , age , level of id and mobility.
regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of these variables on total and item scores of adl and iadl questionnaires.
adl and iadl scores in older adults with id are comparable to those of vulnerable patient groups.
total adl score was mainly determined by mobility , while total iadl score was mainly determined by level of id.
of all @number@ separate items of these questionnaires , @number@ were determined more by mobility than level of id.
the barthel index and lawton iadl scale are recommended for future use in research and clinical practice in this group.
this study stresses the need to support mobility older adults with id as much as possible , in order to optimize independency in this group.
a smaller cohort of @number@ subjects underwent a free-breath multi-b acquisition ( @number@ b values , 0-750 s / mm² ) .
quantitative analysis was performed by two observers with manually defined regions of interest , on the most homogeneous portion of the right liver lobe.
the mean , s.d. and @percent@ limits of agreement of adc values for each age-defined group are reported.
anova showed no significant differences between group means ( p always > .05 ) .
frontal cortical thickness was measured using freesurfer while vbm was undertaken using the dartel algorithm in spm8.
group differences in cortical thickness and gm volumes were assessed using ancova.
effects of cortical thickness and vbm results on cognitive and depression variables were also investigated.
vbm showed that gm volumes were indistinguishable between groups but significant age effects were apparent , independent of diagnosis.
changes to white matter and subcortical gm structures may be more relevant in explaining the underlying neurobiology of lld.
decreases in estrogen levels contribute not only to early postmenopausal bone loss but also to bone loss with aging.
while estrogen is critical for the maintenance of bone formation , the mechanism ( s ) of this effect remain unclear.
background : nitric oxide ( no ) is a modulator of left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) and myocardial relaxation.
the impact of no availability on development of lvh has never been demonstrated in humans.
despite the absence of clinically-defined lvh , there was a relationship ( r = 0.29 ; p = 0.01 ) between systolic bp and lvmi.
adma remained a significant determinant of lvmi on multivariate analysis.
deficiency in repair of nuclear and mitochondrial dna damage has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders.
many recent experimental results indicate that the post-mitotic neurons are particularly prone to accumulation of unrepaired dna lesions potentially leading to progressive neurodegeneration.
single-strand breaks are common dna lesions and are associated with the neurodegenerative diseases , ataxia-oculomotor apraxia-1 and spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy-1.
dna double-strand breaks are toxic lesions and two main pathways exist for their repair : homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining.
ataxia telangiectasia and related disorders with defects in these pathways illustrate that such defects can lead to early childhood neurodegeneration.
mutation in the wrn protein leads to the premature aging disease werner syndrome , a disorder that features neurodegeneration.
in this article we review the evidence linking deficiencies in the dna repair pathways with neurodegeneration.
tle patients and older adults , both having deficits in episodic memory , provided fewer steps relevant to the given solution than their comparison group.
many countries are facing social and economic problems due to increased elderly demographics.
with these demands , it is now critical to understand the fundamental regulatory mechanism for aging and longevity in mammals.
methods : sixty-one normal subjects aged 18-80 years participated.
both reflexes were recorded in response to ac clicks , ac and bc @number@ hz tone bursts , forehead taps and lateral mastoid accelerations.
results : ac tone bursts , clicks and bc tone bursts evoked ovemps in @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ of ears , respectively.
the ac stimuli had higher thresholds for ovemps than for cvemps and all three stimuli produced higher asymmetry for the ovemp than for the cvemp.
forehead taps and lateral pulses evoked ovemps in @percent@ and @percent@ of cases.
ac click- and bc tone burst-evoked ovemps showed a significant decline with age.
forehead taps and lateral accelerations produce more symmetrical effects and showed no significant decline with age.
significance : stimulus properties need to be considered when deciding the most appropriate way to investigate vestibular function using ovemps.
the stride length - cadence relationship ( slcrel ) was investigated to explore a theory of two alternate but inter-related pathways for gait control.
the data points from two walks in each level of each condition were examined for linear and quadratic relationships.
in the self-selected speed condition @percent@ of participants had a positive linear or quadratic relationship of r ( @number@ ) ≥0.90.
the quadratic relationships showed stride length decreased with very high cadences.
in the cadence and stride length conditions , only @percent@ and @percent@ of positive linear or quadratic relationships were r ( @number@ ) ≥0.90.
the current investigation also provides slcrel data for healthy people which can be compared with patient populations.
mutations in the optineurin ( optn ) gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
we previously reported @number@ types of optn mutation in japanese als subjects.
we found a c.964t > c synonymous variation in exon @number@
however , we could not find the meaningful optn mutations.
the results indicate that optn mutations causing als are rare , especially in mainly caucasian als subjects.
background : aging is a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
recent studies suggest cell cycle events as well as reactive oxygen species ( ros ) contribute to vascular cell dysfunction associated with aging.
this study was designed to determine the effect of aging and production of oxygen-derived free radicals on expression of bubr1.
rt-pcr assay was used to evaluate bubr1 expression in cultured haosmc stimulated with angiotensin ii or h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) .
conclusions : these findings demonstrate bubr1 mrna expression decreases along with proliferation in aged haosmc.
aging-related loss of bubr1 and subsequent impairment of reactivity to ros may explain reduced proliferative capacity of aged smooth muscle cells.
diabetes is a common condition in older people.
diabetes significantly lowers the chances of successful aging , and notably increases functional limitations and impairs quality of life.
diabetes in older persons represents significant medical , human , and socioeconomic burden.
multiple interventions are now available to treat patients with diabetes.
clinicians have to weigh the risks and benefits of the treatments available to prevent these complications.
hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people older than @number@ years.
isolated systolic hypertension and widened pulse pressure appear to be more important than diastolic hypertension.
very low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension are associated with increased mortality , and should be checked for at every visit.
therapy should start with a thiazide diuretic ( best evidence ) or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
late-onset hypogonadism is a clinical and biological syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by typical symptoms and a deficiency in serum testosterone levels.
it is a common condition but often underdiagnosed and undertreated.
testosterone replacement therapy is only warranted in the presence of both clinical symptoms suggesting hormone deficiency and decreased hormone levels.
this article discusses all of those , as well as other components of successful aging such as social network and socioeconomic status.
optimal cognitive and emotional function is vital to independence , productivity , and quality of life.
cognitive impairment without dementia may be seen in @percent@ to @percent@ of adults older than @number@ years , and is associated with significant emotional distress.
cognitive and emotional well-being are inextricably linked.
a clinical diagnosis and etiology of hf can often be established during history and physical examination.
left ventricular ejection fraction must be obtained to classify patients into systolic and diastolic hf and to guide evidence-based therapy.
therefore there is increased expectation that therapeutics can be developed that act in some fashion to suppress reactive oxidant species and ameliorate the condition.
this has turned out to be more difficult than at first expected.
developing therapeutics for indications in which reactive oxidant species are an important consideration presents some unique challenges.
mechanisms that govern genome integrity and stability are major guarantors of viability and longevity.
as people age , memory and the ability to carry out tasks often decline and their risk for neurodegenerative diseases increases.
the biological mechanisms underlying this age-related neuronal decline are not well understood.
genome instability has been implicated in neurodegenerative processes in aging and disease.
aneuploidy , a chromosome content that deviates from a diploid genome , is a recognized form of genomic instability.
rejuvenation of the aging hand has gained recent popularity.
all @number@ patients had late-onset granuloma reactions , and the acute attacks were successfully treated with local injections of triamcinolone.
however , recurrent reactions and hypopigmentation at the injection sites were noted.
accelerated aging syndromes represent a valuable source of information about the molecular mechanisms involved in normal aging.
functional analysis showed that fibroblasts from both patients have a dramatic reduction in baf protein levels , indicating that the p.ala12thr mutation impairs protein stability.
furthermore , progeroid fibroblasts display profound abnormalities in the nuclear lamina , including blebs and abnormal distribution of emerin , an interaction partner of baf.
these nuclear abnormalities are rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type banf1 , providing evidence for the causal role of this mutation.
young and older adults differ in how many strategies they use to accomplish cognitive tasks.
they also differ in how often they select the best strategy on each problem.
two experiments were run to determine whether two executive functions-inhibition and shifting capacities-mediate age-related differences in strategy repertoire and in strategy selection.
both experiments were run in arithmetic problem solving.
in both experiments , individuals ' inhibition and shifting capacities were assessed with the trail making test and the stroop test.
the main results showed that ( a ) older adults used a smaller strategy repertoire ( expt.
@number@ ) and selected the best strategy on each problem less frequently ( expt.
we discuss important implications of these findings to further our understanding of strategic variations during cognitive aging.
dopamine ( da ) availability in both striatal and extrastriatal brain regions has been implicated in cognitive performance.
subjects completed tasks assessing executive functioning , episodic memory , speed , and general knowledge.
unlike previous reports , we found no linear or curvilinear relationships between d1 receptor binding in dlpfc and performance in any cognitive task.
however , bp ( nd ) in hc was positively linked to executive performance as well as to speed and knowledge.
these findings provide support for the notion that d1 receptors in separate brain regions are differentially related to performance in tasks tapping various cognitive domains.
background : cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) is very common in elderly and related to cognition , although this relation is weak.
this might be because the underlying pathology of white matter lesions ( wml ) is diverse and cannot be properly appreciated with conventional flair mri.
all subjects underwent mri and dti scanning.
wml were segmented manually.
we measured mean diffusivity ( md ) and fractional anisotropy ( fa ) , as assessed by dti in both wml and nawm.
the relation between dti parameters in both wml and nawm and cognitive performance was most pronounced in subjects with severe wml.
conclusion : dti parameters in both wml and nawm correlate with cognitive performance , independent of svd.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : imaging brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.
methods : a systematic review was conducted of non-medical home and community care services for frail older persons.
medline , psycinfo , cinahl , ageline , scopus and pubmed were searched from @number@ to @date@ .
two researchers independently reviewed search results.
results : thirty five papers were included in this review.
studies were heterogeneous in methodology and results were not consistent.
conclusions : the outcomes of each model of care differ and correspond to the model's focus.
combining key elements of all three models may maximize outcomes.
purpose : the human corneal endothelium has a very low mitotic rate , and with aging there is a decrease in the number of cells.
15-epi-lxa4 is an anti-inflammatory , bioactive lipid formed when aspirin acetylates cyclooxygenease-2 and redirects cyclooxygenease-2 catalytic activity away from prostaglandins.
the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the action of 15-epi-lxa4 in the endothelium viability of human corneas stored in optisol-gs.
cell phenotype was identified by using the tight junctions cell marker zo-1.
lxa4 receptor ( fpr2 / alx ) was detected by immunostaining of hce cells and human corneal tissue using a polyclonal antibody.
cell proliferation was evaluated with ki-67 antibody.
there was a 3-fold increase in cell proliferation when hce cells were incubated with @number@ nm 15-epi-lxa4 for @number@ h.
no significant migration was observed after @number@ h incubation with 15-epi-lxa4.
conclusions : 15-epi-lxa4 is an important mediator that protects the integrity of the human endothelium during corneal preservation in optisol-gs.
however , the cellular and molecular changes underlying this predisposition are not entirely understood.
to address this issue , we induced liver fibrosis by carbon tetrachloride ( ccl ( @number@ ) ) chronic administration to 8-week- and 15-month-old mice.
we confirmed that susceptibility to fibrosis development increased with age and showed that aging did not affect fibrosis resolution capacity.
we detected no inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation after ccl ( @number@ ) injury in 15-month-old mice , whereas it was inhibited after a partial hepatectomy.
the population is aging throughout the world.
preserving physical and cognitive functions is crucial to successful aging.
subjects scoring higher than @number@ on the bi and higher than @number@ on the mec were compared with the rest.
multiple regression analysis was performed.
using these criteria , successful aging status was defined in @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects.
regarding qol , successful agers had significantly higher values than their unsuccessful aging counterparts ( p > @number@ ) .
almost half of the individuals presented successful aging.
successful agers had less co-morbidity and a lower risk of falls or malnutrition , and they had higher scores on the qol scale.
background : airway walls in asthma present an accumulation of activated cells that determine bronchial structural changes and disease progression and severity.
during the aging process , the immunoinflammatory response changes as a consequence of chronic antigenic stress.
results : asthmatic patients showed a statistically significant increase in cd4 + t cells.
cd3cd4cd25high and cd3cd4cd25highcd127high cells were also significantly increased in asthmatic patients , while cd3cd4cd25highcd127low cells had similar values in asthmatics and in the control group.
cd4hla-dr cells were within the normal range in both groups.
a positive correlation between cd3cd4cd25highcd127low and cd4hla-dr was observed and gamma delta t cells were significantly decreased in the asthmatic patients compared to the controls.
the purpose of this article was to review the empirical literature that investigated trauma and stress among older adults in the criminal justice system.
findings revealed past and current trauma and stress , consequences and / or correlates , and internal and external coping resources among aging offenders.
the implications and future directions for gerontological social work , research , and policy with older adults in the criminal justice system are advanced.
this article examines the contexts and benefits of african american seniors ' participation in multipurpose facilities.
these @number@ parameters evaluated for each axis of movement and / or derivations resulted in @number@ sub-parameters.
these @number@ sub-parameters were analysed in the elderly and young groups and under the open-eye and closed-eye conditions.
we used simple signal processing for the accelerometry signals to minimise the effects of unwanted variability that could affect the results.
the results showed better performance compared with those results published previously using force platforms to evaluate postural sway.
the results presented here should be useful for researchers who want to use accelerometry to evaluate steady postural balance.
in comparison with other modalities , the recognition of emotion in music has received little attention.
an unexplored question is whether and how emotion recognition in music changes as a function of ageing.
additionally , the number of years of music training was associated with more accurate categorisation of the musical emotions examined here.
the pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) provides a means of examining these separate aspects of sleep.
@number@ community-dwelling older adults took part in this study.
health-related factors ( pain , comorbidities , polypharmacy ) as well as age and gender were also measured.
results : neuroticism , depression , anxiety and age accounted for overall sleep quality.
further analyses revealed that different psychosocial and health-related factors such as pain , loneliness and personality accounted for scores in the different components.
future research could focus on developing personalised treatment programs for older adults with sleep complaints.
objectives : caring for a family member with alzheimer's disease is associated with increased burden and depression.
effective coping with the hardships and demands of caring may help to sustain the caregiver and lessen the effect of the stressors.
the objective of this study was to examine caregivers ' coping styles and the relationship with reported levels of burden and depression.
method : a cross-sectional correlation study was employed.
one hundred and seventy-two caregivers of patients suffering from alzheimer's type dementia participated in the study.
all patients were recruited from neurology clinics.
conclusion : positive coping approaches need to be developed by caregivers so as to continue their caring role.
qol-ad acceptability , reliability , and construct validity were analyzed.
the corrected item-total correlation was @number@ @date@ ( qol-adc ) and @number@ @date@ ( qol-adp ) .
construct validity was moderate / high for qol-adc ( qualid = -0.43 ; eq-5d = @number@ ) , but lower for qol-adp.
no significant correlations were observed between qol-adp and patient variables or qol-adc.
conclusion : differences in their psychometric attributes , and discrepancy between them , were found for qol-adp and qol-adc.
objective : to explore caregivers ' challenges and quality-of-life issues managing diabetes in patients with dementia.
method : we conducted six focus groups with @number@ caregivers of patients with dementia and type @number@ diabetes.
focus groups were digitally recorded , transcribed , and translated using a software coding system.
emergent themes were identified and confirmed.
results : three themes emerged.
( @number@ ) memory loss was the first identified cause of self-care neglect leading to caregiver intervention.
conclusion : caregivers of patients with dementia and diabetes face extraordinary challenges managing both conditions and the accompanying bpsd.
their identified need for a greater response from the healthcare system should be tested in quality improvement programs for this overlooked yet rapidly growing population.
objectives : anxiety and depression are major health problems for carers of frail older people.
positive reactions to caregiving have been shown to protect people against anxiety and depression.
positive caregiver reactions were evaluated using the self-esteem subscale ( seven items ) of the caregiver reaction assessment ( cra ) .
anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
results : anxiety and depressive symptoms were related significantly ( p < @number@ ) to six of the seven cra self-esteem items.
this study supports the notion that there is a need for assessment of caregiving reactions in carers of frail older people.
the objective of this study is to identify the relationship between physical exercise and the feelings of well-being of the retired elderly.
face-to-face questionnaire survey was adopted , and quota sampling was chosen to select the respondents.
a total of @number@ valid questionnaires were collected in selected parks in taipei.
most of the respondents ( @percent@ ) were defined as having positive well-being.
the results showed that exercise frequency and well-being were positively correlated , but a negative correlation was found between exercise intensity and well-being.
the study suggest that the elderly felt more comfortable and gained more pleasure psychologically while participating in exercises less intensive.
as a result , the retired elderly are recommended to take exercise as frequently as possible.
as to exercise intensity , self-evaluated low-to-moderate intensity exercise might be better for the psychological well-being of the elderly.
background : previous studies have found high levels of undetected psychological distress and unaddressed need among care home residents.
method : this was a single group , cross-sectional study.
quantitative methods were employed to investigate the relationship between the distress thermometer rating , depression scores and problems or needs selected on the dte.
results : the dte was found to be feasible for completion by residents with assistance from staff.
the level of distress on the dte was significantly related to depression , number of problems and practical-physical problems.
each of @number@ problems in the checklist was checked by at least one of the respondents.
more problem items and physical-practical problems were selected by individuals who reached clinical levels of depression.
patients were consecutively recruited from the outpatient clinic of the first neurology department of athens national university at aeginition hospital.
disease severity was assessed using the unified parkinson's disease rating scale including hoehn and yahr and schwab and england ( s & e ) scales.
hrqol was measured by the specific parkinson's disease questionnaire ( pdq-39 ) .
a multivariate multiple regression model with normal errors was used for the statistical analysis.
conclusion : among the other chronic comorbidities only depression was associated with a poor hrqol in pd patients.
functional dependence and social isolation contributed most to worse hrqol.
few studies have examined the relationship between self-efficacy for dementia-related tasks and symptoms of burden and depression in caregivers.
methods : eighty four patient / caregiver dyads with alzheimer's disease were recruited through a memory clinic.
results : @percent@ ( @number@ ) of caregivers reported significant depressive symptoms ( ces-d ≥ @number@ ) .
manual for the positive and negative affect schedule expanded form.
the facet of sadness exhibited the largest age-group difference , relating more to guilt and anxiety in older than younger adults.
conclusion : older adults may discriminate less amongst specific affect terms or may experience greater affective heterogeneity.
further , sadness may manifest in age-specific ways.
the construct variance of sadness , and how this issue might be related to the assessment of depression in older adults , is discussed.
there is an increasing body of neuroimaging literature discussing issues related to testing children in developmental studies ( crone et al.
human brain mapping 31 : 835-837 , @number@ ) .
these deal with fmri developmental studies and discuss methods ( luna et al.
there has not yet been an equivalent discussion for meg developmental studies.
this paper will address issues specific to data acquisition , analysis , and interpretation for meg developmental studies.
after ordinary dissections by students at chiang mai university were finished , the left coronary arteries were resected from thai subjects.
the thai subjects consisted of @number@ men and @number@ women.
after incinerating the arteries with nitric acid and perchloric acid , the element content was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
the ca and p contents tended to increase in the left coronary arteries of men with age , but the increases were not statistically significant.
in the left coronary arteries of women , the ca and p contents increased significantly and progressively with aging.
in addition , the na content increased significantly in the left coronary arteries of both men and women with aging.
the differences in the average contents of ca and p by age group were observed between the left coronary arteries of men and women.
with student's t test , significant gender differences in the average contents of ca and p were found in both the 40s and the 70s.
the ca and p contents of the left coronary arteries in the 40s were significantly higher in men than in women.
in contrast , the ca and p contents in the 70s were significantly higher in women than in men.
in addition to igf-1 , igf-1r ( + ) hcscs secreted igf-2 that promoted myocyte differentiation.
the ability of igf-1r ( + ) hcscs to regenerate infarcted myocardium was then compared with that of unselected c-kit ( + ) hcscs.
igf-1r ( + ) hcscs improved cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis.
pretreatment of igf-1r ( + ) hcscs with igf-2 resulted in the formation of more mature myocytes and superior recovery of ventricular structure.
we are living in an era of unprecedented aging , with over a billion older people expected to be alive within a few decades.
despite this predictable demographic , drug trials have not kept pace with change and we now have significant evidence-practice gaps.
these have arisen due to inappropriate age limits in randomized controlled trials and the near-universal exclusion of frail older people from studies.
we should all have a personal interest in ensuring that drugs used in our old age are truly effective.
twenty older adults were trained for over @number@ h to play rise of nations , a complex real-time strategy game.
these adults showed substantial improvements over the training period in game performance.
no such difference was observed with the endocannabinoid or @number@ additional lipid species.
the results suggest that an aβ ( @number@ ) -dependent impairment in brain anandamide mobilization contributes to cognitive dysfunction in ad.
sleep disturbances in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients are associated with the severity of dementia and are often the primary reason for institutionalization.
these sleep problems partly resemble core symptoms of narcolepsy , a sleep disorder caused by a general loss of the neurotransmitter hypocretin.
ad is a neurodegenerative disorder targeting different brain areas and types of neurons.
in this study , we assessed whether the neurodegenerative process of ad also affects hypothalamic hypocretin / orexin neurons.
we conclude that the hypocretin system is affected in advanced ad.
this is reflected in a @percent@ decreased cell number , and @percent@ lower csf hypocretin-1 levels.
the incidence of falls in the elderly is increasing with the aging of society and is becoming a major public health issue.
from the viewpoint of prevention of falls , it is important to evaluate the stability of the gait in the elderly people.
the subjects were @number@ elderly people over @number@ years of age.
forty subjects who did not meet both of these criteria comprised the stable group , and the remaining @number@ subjects comprised the unstable group.
pelvic movement during walking was compared between the two groups.
the angle , angular velocity , and acceleration were analyzed based on the wave shape derived from the device worn around the second sacral.
this report is the first to evaluate pelvic movement by both a triaxial accelerometer and a triaxial gyroscope simultaneously.
methods : thirty-five consecutive patients with graves disease treated by total thyroidectomy were included in the present study.
bone turnover markers ( deoxypiridinoline , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ) and 25-ohd were determined the day before surgery.
novel compliant floors aim to decrease the risk for fall-related injury by providing substantial force attenuation during the impact phase of falls.
certain models of compliant flooring have been shown to have limited influence on postural sway and successful completion of dynamic balance tasks.
however , the effects of these products on balance recovery mechanisms following an externally induced perturbation have yet to be quantified.
we used a floor translation paradigm to induce a balance perturbation to thirteen elderly community-dwelling women.
the centre-of-pressure displacement rates were similar to the control floor for the smartcell floor condition.
the majority of the margin of safety and displacement rate variables for the foam floors were significantly lower than the control condition.
the proteasome is an enzyme complex responsible for targeted intracellular proteolysis.
notably , however , igf-1-treated sh-sy5y cells still contained ubiquitinated protein aggregates.
this result indicates that igf-1 blocks the downstream apoptotic consequences of epoxomicin treatment leading to decreased proteasome function.
together these findings suggest that activation of pi3 / akt pathways by igf-1 is involved in igf-1 neuroprotection against apoptosis following proteasome inhibition.
ageing is associated with elevated adiponectin levels.
our aim was to assess whether age-related increase in adiponectin is associated with a decrease in renal function.
the study comprised african ( n = 277 ) and caucasian ( n = 326 ) men and women.
adiponectin levels , estimated creatinine clearance rate and obesity indices were determined.
no difference in obesity measures ( p = 0.92 ) and adiponectin levels ( p = 0.27 ) was observed between african and caucasian women.
a significant increase in adiponectin levels with ageing was observed in both african men and women ( p < 0.01 ) .
to the contrary , progressive ageing seems not to be significantly related to elevated adiponectin levels within caucasians.
renal impairment decreased significantly within all of the groups ( p < 0.01 ) .
in conclusion , age-related rise in adiponectin levels observed in africans may not be due to renal impairment.
this is proposed as the basis for marx's line , a line of staining with topically applied dyes that lies directly behind the mcj.
this could explain the increased width and irregularity of marx's line in dry eye.
in this study , adscs and bmscs of the same donor were harvested and divided into two age groups.
background : paracetamol , a commonly used simple analgesic , can be fatal in overdose.
case reports suggest liver damage may occur at therapeutic doses.
in older and particularly frail patients , dose reduction of therapeutic paracetamol is recommended due to concerns of an increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
in both groups , plasma alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) was measured at baseline and day @number@ and risk factors for raised alt were recorded.
a random serum paracetamol concentration was measured at day @number@ in the treatment group.
results : no older frail treatment participants had an abnormal day @number@ alt.
decreasing frailty score independently predicted a day @number@ alt above the uln ( p < 0·05 ) .
day @number@ serum paracetamol concentrations were highest in older frail participants ( p < 0·005 ) .
conclusion : higher paracetamol concentrations observed in frail older patients after @number@ days of therapeutic paracetamol do not necessarily indicate an increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
aim : to investigate the association of fall risk with comorbidities and medications in geriatric outpatients in a cross-sectional design.
methods : a total of @number@ outpatients ( @number@ men and @number@ women , mean age @number@.2±6.8years ) were evaluated.
physical examination , clinical histories and medication profile were obtained from each patient.
the association of number of drugs with fall risk indices was stepwise.
conclusion : in geriatric outpatients , polypharmacy rather than number of comorbidities was associated with fall risk.
prospective and intervention studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between polypharmacy , comorbidities and fall risk.
related websites and yearbooks were searched as well.
the ncms has improved the health-care utilization of rural elders , and they have the highest satisfaction with it among all age groups.
faced with ever-growing health challenges , some impoverished rural elders with poor physical health and functional limitations may lack sufficient access to basic health-care services.
the incidence of epilepsy is higher among the elderly , the most rapidly growing segment of the population , than in any other age group.
new-onset seizures in elderly patients are typically symptomatic or cryptogenic partial seizures that require long-term treatment.
epilepsy in the elderly is a frequently occurring pathology , differing in etiology , clinical presentation and prognosis from those of young people.
furthermore , the elderly people are sensitive to adverse events of aeds , as for example , to cognitive disturbances , osteoporosis.
several of newer aeds have good safety and cognitive effect profiles and have no interactions with other drugs.
the effect of low vitamin d levels in children with bone fragility disorders has not been examined in detail.
symptoms appear generally during early childhood and adolescence.
however , thus far neuropsychological data about this group are scarce.
the self-rating instrument aq was found to be highly discriminative between the hfa / as group and the healthy control group.
the neuropsychological profile of adult hfa / as patients diagnosed late in life is compatible with that of previously investigated hfa / as populations.
these findings show that such basic autism-associated deficits persist until adulthood , although patients are able to learn social rules.
from the first manifestation of schizophrenic psychosis onwards numerous psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairments occur , which are affected by age and the aging process.
clinical trials report a pronounced incidence of positive symptoms in late-onset schizophrenia.
negative symptoms are often observed in chronic-course psychosis , but occur infrequently in late-onset-schizophrenia.
comparative studies of early and late-onset patients in most cases have reported no differing profiles of cognitive performance.
some investigators propose that late-onset schizophrenia may be a prodromal symptom of dementia.
however , current studies show that late-onset schizophrenia is basically comparable to its early-onset counterpart.
modic changes are of increasing interest , however their age and gender prevalence are not well described.
common pathologies were coded from the lumbar spine mris from @number@ consecutive people imaged while attending a publicly-funded secondary care outpatient facility in denmark.
prevalence data were calculated by pathology and by vertebral level.
prevalence was also calculated by age and gender categories for modic changes.
the prevalence of modic changes and ivd pathology were greater in l4 / 5 and l5 / s1 , compared with the upper lumbar spine.
there was no significant gender difference in prevalence of modic changes ( p = @number@ ) .
the associated pr for ivd pathology occurring concurrently with modic changes ranged from @number@ to @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
associations between copper to zinc ratio ( czr ) and mortality have suggested czr as a biomarker of aging.
nevertheless , very limited data exist on the association between serum czr and physical or functional status of very old people.
in this context , further investigations need to be carried out.
we aimed to assess the association between red blood cell distribution width ( rdw ) and mortality in patients enrolled by a geriatric department.
one hundred twenty-two patients were followed up during @number@ years.
the primary end point was all-cause mortality , and hazard ratios were estimated using a cox proportional hazard model.
higher rdw values were strongly associated with an increased risk of death.
survival curves across rdw quartiles were statistically different according to the log-rank test ( p = @number@ ) .
the first quartile presented higher probability of survival compared to the last one.
this is a population-based prospective study with @number@ individuals ( @number@ women and @number@ men , @number@ ± @number@ years ) who participated.
frailty development was related only in men with testosterone levels at the beginning of the study ( p = @number@ ) .
er22 / 23ek was found in @percent@ of the subjects and carriers had a lower prevalence of hypertension.
adrenal and gonadal steroids are associated to impairment of the ageing health condition in elderly individuals living independently in spain.
er22 / 23ek polymorphism of the gc-r gene has a low prevalence in our population.
the clinical outcomes of this pharmacotherapy adherence approach were the secondary objective of the study.
setting : public primary health care unit in a municipality in the brazilian state of sao paulo.
the control group received the usual care offered by the primary health care unit ( medical and nurse consultancies ) .
the patients randomized into the intervention group received pharmaceutical care intervention besides the usual care offered.
a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) / s6k1 signalling emerges as a critical regulator of aging.
yet , a role of mtor / s6k1 in aging-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction remains unknown.
silencing s6k1 in senescent cells reduced superoxide generation and enhanced no production.
treatment of aortas of old rats with resveratrol or rapamycin inhibited s6k1 activity , oxidative stress , and improved endothelial no production.
our data demonstrate a causal role of the hyperactive s6k1 in enos uncoupling leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular aging.
resveratrol improves endothelial function in aging , at least in part , through inhibition of s6k1.
targeting s6k1 may thus represent a novel therapeutic approach for aging-associated vascular disease.
introduction : sleep is a complex phenomenon characterized by important modifications throughout life and by changes of autonomic cardiovascular control.
aging is associated with a reduction of the overall heart rate variability ( hrv ) and a decrease of complexity of autonomic cardiac regulation.
methods : a polysomnographic study was performed in @number@ healthy young ( @number@.1±0.8 years ) and @number@ healthy older subjects ( @number@.9±1.9 years ) .
this decrease of entropy measures was more evident during rem sleep.
background : arterial stiffening is one of the hallmarks of vascular aging , and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
aging is also associated with bone demineralization.
accumulating evidence indicate that arterial stiffness and bone demineralization might share common pathways.
age was associated with ccsa in women ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) , but not in men.
age-adjusted linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between pwv and ccsa , in women but not in men.
conclusions : independent of age and other shared risk factors , arterial stiffness is inversely related to cortical bone area in women.
the sex-specific signaling and molecular pathways that putatively underlie the cross-talk between central arteries and bone are not completely understood.
study design : prospective observational and analytic study.
methods : a total of @number@ intervertebral discs ( ivds ) from @number@ dogs of different breeds were used.
the extent of ivdd was evaluated by macroscopic grading , histopathology , glycosaminoglycan content , and matrix metalloproteinase @number@ activity.
canine data were compared with human ivd data acquired in this study or from the literature.
notochordal cells were still present in the ivds of adult ncd but were not seen in the cd breeds or in humans.
conclusion : ivdd is similar in humans and dogs.
both cd and ncd breeds may therefore serve as models of spontaneous ivdd for human research.
results : the average follow-up was @number@ years and the average iop during follow-up was @number@ mm hg with or without medication.
in the sap-abnormal hemifield , the rate of change was significantly negative for both tests ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : fdt is useful for monitoring functional damage in the sap-normal hemifield in oag eyes with low-to-normal iop.
objective : depression relates to vascular disease and is a candidate risk factor for dementia.
we assessed the risk associated with depressive symptoms for alzheimer-type dementia and vascular dementia.
methods : depressive symptoms ( scl-90 depression subscale ) were assessed in @number@ community-dwelling individuals age @number@ years and older.
onset of dementia ( n = @number@ ) was recorded at serial assessments @number@ @number@ and @number@ years after baseline.
results were unchanged after co-varying for baseline mini-mental state exam and presence of vascular disease.
conclusion : depressive symptoms increase the risk for later dementia in community-dwelling older adults.
as people with cancer survive longer , and as the us population ages , skeletal effects of cancer treatment are becoming more pronounced.
a variety of mechanisms may be responsible for the development of bone loss in patients with breast or prostate cancer.
cytotoxic chemotherapy may directly exert long-term toxic effects on bone.
chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can induce hypogonadism , leading to an increased rate of bone loss.
the risk of skeletal events in older adults due to cancer therapy should be appreciated by all oncologists , geriatricians , and internists.
oxidative stress has been implicated in aging and many human diseases , notably neurodegenerative disorders and various cancers.
the reactive oxygen species that are generated by aerobic metabolism and environmental stressors can chemically modify proteins and alter their biological functions.
cells possess protein repair pathways to rescue oxidized proteins and restore their functions.
if these repair processes fail , oxidized proteins may become cytotoxic.
cell homeostasis and viability are therefore dependent on the removal of oxidatively damaged proteins.
numerous studies have demonstrated that the proteasome plays a pivotal role in the selective recognition and degradation of oxidized proteins.
despite extensive research , oxidative stress-triggered regulation of proteasome complexes remains poorly defined.
females are more susceptible than males to many autoimmune diseases.
the processes causing this phenomenon are incompletely understood.
this unexpected population also appears in young lupus-prone mice.
april ( a proliferation-inducing ligand ) is a tnf family member that binds two tnf receptor family members , taci and bcma.
it shares these receptors with the closely related tnf family member , b-cell activating factor ( baff ) .
contrary to baff , april binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans ( hspgs ) , which regulates cross-linking of april and efficient signaling.
to target april therapeutically , we developed two anti-human april antibodies ( hapril.01a and hapril.03a ) that block april binding to bcma and taci.
we therefore conclude that these antibodies have potential for further development as therapeutics to target april-dependent survival in b-cell malignancies.
background : the aging population and increasing obesity rates will increase the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions.
reports of orthopaedic surgeon shortages raise concerns about the ability of the health-care system to meet current and future demand in orthopaedics.
methods : a two-part questionnaire was sent to all orthopaedic surgeons in ontario in @number@
provision data in hours per week and full-time equivalents and practice patterns were analyzed by health region.
population-based data on the use of orthopaedic services were obtained from health service administrative databases.
most surgeons were male , with a mean age of forty-nine years , with mainly adult practices ; @percent@ reported having a subspecialty.
many surgeons also reported time for administration , teaching , and research.
conclusions : shortages and geographic variation in the supply of surgeons mean that access to care continues to be a challenge in ontario.
fibroblast growth factor ( fgf ) @number@ and klotho are two factors associated with several metabolic disorders.
the present review reports data related to the possible interactive effects of klotho and fgf23 on the prognosis of renal and cv diseases.
a higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index was associated with lower whole-body proteolysis rates.
factors other than protein intake explain lower muscle protein synthesis rates with advanced age.
this trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00183040.
the concept of early life programming is therefore widely accepted.
however , recent molecular network analysis reveals that the same list of genes with different interactions may perform different functions.
therefore , it is necessary to consider molecular interactions to correctly and specifically annotate biological networks.
here , we propose a novel network ontology analysis ( noa ) method to perform gene ontology enrichment analysis on biological networks.
then , noa generates two alternative reference sets to statistically rank the enriched functional terms for a given biological network.
furthermore , a freely accessible web server for noa has been developed at @url@
prevention or reversal of age-related decrease in bone mass and increase in bone fragility has been based on inhibition of bone resorption using anticatabolic drugs.
the current challenge is to promote osteoblastogenesis and bone formation to prevent age-related bone deterioration.
methods : a limited number of approved therapeutic molecules are available to activate bone formation.
results and discussion : we present current therapeutic approaches focused on intermittent parathyroid hormone and wnt signaling agonists / antagonists.
we also discuss novel approaches for prevention and treatment of defective bone formation and bone loss associated with aging and osteoporosis.
these strategies targeting osteoblastic cell functions may prove to be useful in promoting bone formation and improving bone strength in the aging population.
results : genotype frequencies were compared in subjects with low and high no ( x ) levels.
however , the variant was not associated with plasma no ( x ) levels in subjects aged≤40 years ( p = 0.799 ) .
the kl-vs variant did not have any influence on plasma no ( x ) status ( p = 0.260 ) .
previous investigation revealed that age is a major risk factor for thomboembolic events.
earlier studies with thrombelastography have demonstrated procoagulant activity in elderly patients with coronary artery disease.
no difference was found between healthy elderly and patients with coronary artery disease.
these findings point to agerelated differences in thrombelastographic parameters.
the rotem® analysis indicates an increased coagulability in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy elderly compared to healthy young volunteers.
however , the evidence base for the use of such aids is very limited , and there is some evidence that they are used inappropriately.
method : this was a qualitative study using grounded theory.
we then interviewed @number@ healthcare professionals working in primary , secondary or intermediate care and involved in the provision of multi-compartment compliance aids.
some patients saw the aids as helping to maintain independence , others as casting doubt on their independence.
the aids were often issued without discussion with the patient.
a minority of patients had difficulties using the aids.
conclusions : careful multi-disciplinary assessment of older people is required before a compliance aid is provided.
the views of the older person must be considered and respected.
further research is required to produce an evidence base for the use of such aids in this group of people.
background : elderly patients with multiple morbidities and polypharmacy are at an increased risk of adverse drug events ( ades ) .
appropriate prescribing , preserving the balance between drug effectiveness and safety , and treatment adherence may prevent these ades.
by consensus , the authors selected the most relevant criteria for the final set of criteria.
the usefulness of the final set of criteria was assessed with regard to the prescription of antipsychotics for delirium and bpsd.
background : reduced renal function increases the risk of adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) to hydrosoluble drugs ( hadrs ) .
our series consisted of @number@ hospitalized patients with a mean ± sd age of @number@ ± @number@ years enrolled in the gifa study.
the main outcome measures were incident adrs during hospital stay.
data on these were collected and classified as hadrs or adrs to liposoluble drugs ( ladrs ) .
neither egfr nor eccr were associated with ladrs.
conclusions : ckd-epi-based estimates of egfr outperformed mdrd-based estimates of egfr and cg-based estimates of eccr as a predictor of hadrs.
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of abciximab in elderly high-risk acs patients undergoing pci.
methods : from our dedicated pci registry we identified @number@ acs patients with high-risk lesions that were treated with pci.
baseline data were collected prospectively.
all-cause mortality , target vessel revascularization ( tvr ) , myocardial infarction ( mi ) , and the combination of these were primary study endpoints.
all endpoints within @number@ year after pci were registered and validated.
the population was subsequently stratified according to age and use of abciximab.
results : elderly patients constituted @percent@ of the total population.
these findings were confirmed in our adjusted analyses.
conclusions : in this large observational study we found no benefit of abciximab treatment in elderly high-risk acs patients who underwent pci.
these findings should be taken into consideration when deciding on the treatment strategy for elderly acs patients undergoing pci.
this reuptake mechanism is present not only in neurons but also in other cells such as platelets.
serotoninergic mechanisms seem to play an important role in haemostasis , and their importance in this regard has long been underestimated.
bleeding has been a concern since the introduction of ssris , with multiple case reports published and communicated to the pharmacovigilance systems.
the impairment of primary haemostasis induced by ssris may result , as a beneficial counterpart , in a reduction in the thrombotic risk.
however , the results have been inconclusive with some studies suggesting a preventive effect and others no effect or even an increased risk.
behind such contradictory results may be the role of depression itself as a cardiovascular risk factor and , therefore , a major confounding factor.
how to disentangle its effect from that of the antidepressants is the methodological challenge to be overcome in future studies.
studies performed to date have provided us with some clues that can help orient clinicians in taking the most appropriate course of action.
as a result , there is considerable interest in translating these cardioprotective paradigms from the laboratory to patients.
study design : we conducted a retrospective evaluation of donor oocyte recipient cycles according to specific ages.
the recipients used an oral / vaginal graduated estradiol regimen followed by intramuscular and vaginal progesterone.
only recipients sharing oocytes with either the donor or another recipient were included.
the live delivered pregnancy rates for recipients < or = @number@ was @percent@ vs. @percent@ for women > or = age @number@
the live delivered pregnancy rate was @percent@ for women > or = age @number@
the pregnancy and implantation rates were similar whether the source was infertile women sharing half their oocytes or compensated donors.
estrogen treatment in eugonadal men diminishes libido , whereas libido is preserved by estrogens in orchidectomized transsexuals as well as in cases of aromatase deficiency.
hypothalamic hypogonadism can be caused by stress , depression , anorexia or excessive exercise.
it may result in erectile dysfunction and decreased libido.
serum samples were fractionated on magnetic beads mb wcx using clinprot robot prior to mass-spectrometry based profiling.
mass-spectra were obtained with time-of-flight mass-spectrometer autoflex iii ( \ "bruker daltonics \ " ) in automatic mode.
it was shown that low-molecular serum subproteome of healthy humans was characterized by significant inter-individual variability.
dispersion of high-molecular kininogen , inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor , apolipoproteins aii and ciii peaks increased with age.
for the experiment was taken a homogeneous group of people which separate populations differ in geographical and climatic parameters of their living conditions.
as a result there has been discovered a dependence of altaians ' antioxidant system upon geographical and climatic conditions , and age.
according to our data , saccade characteristics depend upon age in both healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients.
in healthy volunteers the percentage of multistep saccades and the mean saccade latency increase significantly after the age of @number@
values of these characteristics in patients with parkinson's disease significantly exceed the values in the corresponding age groups of healthy subjects.
the duration of single saccades depends on age to a smaller extent and does not change in patients with parkinson's disease.
the peculiarities of neurodegenerative processes during normal aging and aging with parkinson's disease are discussed.
increased bone fracture rates and reduced bone density are commonly observed in patients with ad , suggesting one or more common denominators between both disorders.
however , very few studies are available that have addressed this issue.
the biomechanical mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in age-related vertebral fracture rates are ill defined.
we sought to determine whether structural and geometric changes with age differ in men and women , making women more susceptible to vertebral fractures.
as expected , we found that vertebral strength decreased with age 2-fold more in women than in men.
the proportion of mechanical strength attributable to the peripheral compartment increased with age in both sexes and at both vertebral levels.
taken together , these results indicate that men and women lose vertebral bone differently with age , particularly in the peripheral ( cortical ) compartment.
few studies have investigated bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in men.
specific associations with vertebral fracture ( n = @number@ ) , and nonvertebral fracture ( n = @number@ ) were also computed.
no difference in load distribution was found between the two groups.
pca resulted in defining @number@ independent pcs , explaining @percent@ of the total variability of bone characteristics.
bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it.
during aging , loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life.
bone and muscle properties were measured by pqct , and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in @number@ girl-mother-maternal grandmother trios.
site-matched differences in bone mass were compared among three generations.
in contrast , the bone mass differences in the radial shaft between girls and mothers and mothers and grandmothers were relatively uniform.
we conclude that both bone accrual and loss are direction-specific in weight-bearing bones but relatively uniform in non-weight-bearing bones.
the foxo family of forkhead transcription factors is at the crossroads of many signal transduction pathways that are evolutionarily conserved.
foxo metabolic functions are relevant to glucose metabolism , tumor suppression , hematopoiesis , angiogenesis , and antioxidant defense.
among the foxo isoforms , foxo1 is a main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis and organismal survival at many different levels.
foxo1 entered into the field of skeletal biology by a property that is unique among its functions in other organs.
through its direct skeletal actions , foxo1 promotes osteoblast proliferation by maintaining protein synthesis and redox balance.
alpha-2-macroglobulin ( α2m ) , a protease inhibitor , is implicated in alzheimer's disease , atherosclerosis , and other age-related diseases.
the elevated level of α2m mrna has been described in replicative senescence and it could be used as a biomarker of the aging cells.
however , the mechanism responsible for the up-regulation of its expression is still unclear.
this report identified a novel transcriptional regulatory element , the α2m transcription enhancement element ( atee ) , within the α2m promoter.
this element differentially activates α2m expression in senescent versus young fibroblasts.
electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed abundant complexes in senescent cell nuclear extracts compared with young cell nuclear extracts.
the dnase i footprint revealed the protein-binding core sequence through which the protein binds the atee.
mutation within atee selectively abolished α2m promoter activity in senescent ( but not young ) cells.
these results indicated the atee , as a positive transcription regulatory element , contributes to the up-regulation of α2m during replicative senescence.
dopaminergic ( da ) neuron degeneration is a feature of brain aging but is markedly increased in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
recent data indicate elevated metabolic stress as a possible explanation for da neuron vulnerability.
we verified our findings by comparison to a published dataset.
parallel processing of isolated neurons and bulk tissue allowed the discrimination of neuronal and glial transcription signals.
this is in accordance with the established mitochondrial dysfunction in pd and provides evidence for mitochondrial impairment at the transcriptional level.
deaths were followed until the end of @date@ for @number@ years with complete ascertainment.
the average survival after baseline was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
associations for nonagenarians and octogenarians were parallel , but weaker.
multivariate modeling showed that mother's longevity and offspring's grip strength operated through the same or overlapping pathway to longevity.
introduction : the elderly population is growing and aging in better clinical conditions than in the past.
objective : to evaluate the distribution , clinical features , and outcomes of nephropathies diagnosed by biopsy in the elderly.
they were grouped according to their clinical syndromes.
of those @number@ patients , only two had a favorable course , while the others died early or progressed toward advanced chronic kidney disease.
twelve patients undergoing biopsy because of asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria had different diagnoses , but most of them already had significant chronic nephropathy.
in five patients with nephritic syndrome , the biopsies also showed several diagnoses.
conclusions : nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for renal biopsy , and membranous nephropathy was the most frequent diagnosis.
among patients with aki and asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria , different diagnoses were found with high levels of advanced chronic nephropathy.
drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for the study of cardiac disease.
using a gel-lc-ms / ms approach , we identified @number@ protein clusters from @number@ dissected adult fly hearts.
contractile , cytostructural and mitochondrial proteins were most abundant consistent with electron micrographs of the drosophila cardiac tube.
comparison with a mouse heart proteome revealed conservation at the level of molecular function , biological processes and cellular components.
the subsisting peptidome encompassed @number@ distinct heart-associated peptides , of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) had not been identified in a recent drosophila peptide compendium.
peptideclassifier analysis was further used to map peptides to specific gene-models.
longitudinal growth occurs within the long bones at the growth plate.
this mini review summarizes hypotheses and theories postulated in the literature regarding growth plate maturation and epiphyseal fusion.
a better insight into the mechanisms of epiphyseal fusion may ultimately help to develop new strategies for the treatment of cartilage and growth disorders.
reduced renal function increases nt-probnp concentrations , and therefore it might be a confounding factor in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) patients.
anthropometrics , anamnesis , and biochemical data were collected.
patients were classified into the five k / doqi stages of ckd and median nt-probnp values were calculated evaluating their relationship with gfr.
however , similar results were obtained with the other formulae.
nt-probnp was negatively correlated with gfr as evaluated with all the different formulae ( r @number@ to @number@ all p < @number@ ) .
multiple regression analysis confirmed the independent association between lnnt-probnp and gfr.
for this purpose , gfr assessed with the gfr ( mayo ) formula appears to better stratify nt-probnp in older adult subjects.
renal function should be considered when interpreting nt-probnp levels in older adult patients admitted for dyspnoea.
we examined the context of intergenerational support exchanges with aging parents and its association with middle-aged couples ' marital satisfaction.
a sample of @number@ middle-aged couples reported support they gave to and received from their parents ( n = @number@ ) .
husbands who gave more support to their living parent ( s ) than their wives reported lower marital satisfaction.
a similar effect on marital satisfaction was found for wives who gave more support to their living parents than their husbands.
estrogens have been shown to have protective effects on a wide range of cell types and animal models for many neurodegenerative diseases.
sirt1 is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity , diabetes , and aging.
however , it is not clear how sirt1 activity is regulated by intracellular kinases in cells.
in this study , we investigated sirt1 phosphorylation and protein degradation in response to jnk1 activation in obese mice.
the phosphorylation induces a brief activation of sirt1 function and degradation of sirt1 thereafter by the proteasome.
ubiquitination occurs in sirt1 protein after the phosphorylation.
mutation of ser-46 to alanine prevents the phosphorylation , ubiquitination , and degradation.
in vivo , sirt1 undergoes an extensive degradation in hepatocytes in obesity as a consequence of persistent activation of jnk1.
the degradation leads to inhibition of sirt1 function , which contributes to development of hepatic steatosis.
the degradation disappears in obesity when jnk1 is inactivated in mice.
jnk2 exhibits an opposite activity in the regulation of sirt1 degradation.
the jnk1-sirt1 pathway provides a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in obesity.
findings were not explained by health and demographic covariates.
however , rtl differences for working at least full-time were greater in women with higher stress and epinephrine levels.
longitudinal data with specific stress measures are needed to further evaluate the impact of work schedule on rtl.
learning and memory are cognitive processes that are tightly regulated.
a proper genome-environment interaction is a pre-requisite for cognitive function.
epigenetic processes are central regulators of genome-environment interactions.
in line with this , it has been shown that the epigenetic machinery is essential for cognitive function.
with a specific focus on histone acetylation , we will discuss recent research in the field of epigenetic mechanisms of learning and memory.
background / purpose : frailty is the core of geriatric syndromes in the elderly.
however , there is no solid prevalence data in taiwan even with the rapid growth of the elderly population.
other baseline characteristics including health and functional performance were also evaluated.
in multinomial logistic regression analysis , increasing age , less education status , lower barthel index score and depression were positively associated with physical frailty.
conclusion : in this study , the prevalence of frailty was from @percent@ to @percent@ by different criteria and methodology.
various correlates were independently associated with frailty status.
it is suggested that intervention for frailty requires an interdisciplinary approach.
immunologic memory is a critical feature of the adaptive immune system to fight recurrent infections.
however , the mechanisms that shape the composition and function of the human memory t-cell pool remain incompletely understood.
we here demonstrate that post-thymic human t-cell differentiation was associated with the downregulation , but not loss , of the inhibitory molecule cd5.
cd5 expression was downregulated by il-15-mediated signaling in vitro and cd5 ( lo ) memory t cells accumulated in the bone marrow.
in conclusion , cd5 may be a useful marker to identify memory t-cell subsets with distinct responsiveness to the homeostatic cytokine il-15.
aging is characterized by the general decline in tissue and body function and the increased susceptibility to age-related pathologies , such as cancer.
to maintain optimal tissue and body function , organisms have developed complex mechanisms for tissue homeostasis.
importantly , it is becoming apparent that these same mechanisms when deregulated also result in the development of age-related disease.
the build in fail safe mechanisms of homeostasis , which prevent skewing toward disease , themselves contribute to aspects of aging.
thus , longevity is limited by an intrinsic trade-off between optimal tissue function and disease.
consequently , aging and age-related diseases , such as cancer and diabetes are driven by the same genetic determinants.
illustrative in this respect is the insulin / igf-1 signaling pathway acting through pi3k / pkb and foxo.
loss of pkb signaling contributes to diabetes , whereas gain of function of pkb drives cancer.
enhanced foxo activity , at least in model organism contributes to extended lifespan and acts as a tumor suppressive mechanism.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : p13k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
objectives : to examine the physical , mental , and cognitive function of centenarians.
design : descriptive study using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling.
setting : residential care facilities and private dwellings in australia.
participants : a convenience sample of @number@ centenarians.
measurements : the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) screened for anxiety and depression.
the katz index of independence in activities of daily living ( katz adl ) was used to assess functional status.
the quality of life scale was used to assess quality of life.
the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) was used to screen for dementia.
structured responses were obtained for living arrangement , marital status , social relationships , and supports.
participants with poor ratings of health experienced higher rates of anxiety and depression than their healthier counterparts.
conclusion : in this convenience sample of australian centenarians , anxiety and depression was relatively nonexistent , and most reported a high quality of life.
this was despite objective deterioration in functional status , paralleling the aging process , and high dependence on others for everyday tasks.
potentially , this is suggestive of a unique ability within the sample to adapt to aging and its limitations.
the immune system protects organisms against environmental and endogenous pathogens.
by complex mechanisms , it regulates the homeostasis of inflammatory processes and tissue repair mechanisms.
in the retina , these pathways can result in an irreversible tissue scar , which is related to malfunction and loss of function.
in the aging retina , inflammation plays a major role and causes adverse effects.
several ophthalmological diseases contain aspects of maladjusted inflammatory processes.
this review summarizes the general function of the immune system and its regulatory mechanisms in the vitreoretinal compartment.
next to non-pathological inflammatory processes , the review presents aspects of inflammation in the aging retina , amd , glaucoma , uveitis and diabetic retinopathy.
elevated saturated fatty acids could have negative effects on age-related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
however , the consumption of whole-fat dairy products may be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.
based on the current evidence concerning these factors , no definitive dietary recommendations are possible.
hopefully this will open new opportunities for the prevention and management of dementia and ad.
there have been increasing reports of noncognitive symptoms , including loss of motor function , reported to be associated with incident ad.
together , these data suggest that age-related cognitive and motor decline may share a common causation.
thus , ad may have a much larger impact on the health and wellbeing of our aging population.
significance : the accepted effects of aging in mammalian skeletal muscle are progressive atrophy and weakening , or sarcopenia.
emerging thought suggests that pro-inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress may contribute to sarcopenia.
hypogonadism in males is associated with increased atherosclerotic disease.
physiologically , testosterone appears to have both positive and negative effects on the cardiovascular system.
testosterone decreases angina and may improve the cardiac healing response after myocardial infarction.
testosterone enhances function in males with heart failure ( hf ) .
testosterone causes water retention and oedema is common in older persons.
oedema should not be used to diagnose hf in older persons.
studies in older persons with hf and frailty have shown a non-statistically lower mortality rate compared to those receiving placebo.
subjects wore a portable 5-lead electrocardiogram holter for @number@ h ( @number@ h prior to and following a maximal aerobic capacity test ) .
diurnal changes in hrv in young and middle-aged adults were compared using a two-way , repeated-measures analysis of variance ( anova ) .
exercise resulted in reductions in hrv such that multiple measures of hrv were not significantly different between age groups during the afternoon and evening periods.
all measures of hrv demonstrated between-group differences overnight on day @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
young adults are associated with higher baseline hrv during the daytime.
sleep increases variability equally and proportionally to daytime variability.
these physiologic results have clinical significance in understanding the pathophysiology of altered variability in ill patients.
cecutient and healthy children had similar values of steriokinetic illusion in monocular visual conditions , while in binocular visual conditions the results were significantly different.
it was shown that in children with low vision there is no increase in contribution of binocular mechanisms with aging.
the mean value of coefficient k characterizing this contribution in healthy group was positive and increased from preschool age till adolescence.
the mean value of coefficient k in cecutient children was negative or near zero.
it is revealed that visual impairment may influence the development of mono- and binocular mechanisms of spatial perception and their interaction.
epidermis in children was thin ; it had a low content of ki-67- and p53-positive cells and small thickness of involucrin-positive cell layer.
the highest proliferative activity and maximal thickness of the epidermis were detected at the age of 19-21 years.
thereafter the epidermis thinning was observed , together with the progressive decrease of keratinocyte proliferative activity and an increase of the fraction of p53-positive cells.
absolute thickness of the involucrin-positive cellular layer remained practically constant at different ages , while its proportion in the total epidermal thickness uncreased.
cellular ageing can lead to altered cell mechanical properties and is known to affect many fundamental physiological cell functions.
the reduced stiffness of cells from the older donor group corresponds to the measured decrease of actin in these cells.
resveratrol , a phytoalexin , has gained much attention recently due to its effects on sirtuins.
while the anti-cancer properties of resveratrol have been extensively investigated , the anti-adipogenic and osteogenic effects of resveratrol are also gaining considerable interest.
the finding that resveratrol supplementation mimics caloric restriction prompted researchers to study the effects of resveratrol on lipid metabolism.
mesenchymal stem cells are the precursors for both adipocytes and osteoblasts.
thus , an inverse relationship exists between adipocytes and osteoblasts in the bone marrow.
resveratrol acts on several molecular targets in adipocytes and osteoblasts leading to a decrease in adipocyte number and size and an increase in osteogenesis.
furthermore , resveratrol in combination with genistein and quercetin synergistically decreased adipogenesis in murine and human adipocytes.
therefore , combinations of resveratrol with other phytochemicals may lead to potential novel potent therapies for both obesity and osteoporosis.
this microstate occurred irrespective of the visual stimulus presented.
electrical source imaging showed that the changes in the scalp potential resulted from decreased activity in lateral occipital cortex and increases in fronto-parietal areas.
the microstate associated with these changes is a potential diagnostic tool to detect age-related cortical changes.
objectives : aging is the process which unavoidably alters structure and function of the basal membranes in humans.
materials and methods : material was @number@ sciatic nerve samples , obtained from cadavers whose age ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
digital images of sciatic nerve perineurium were further processed and analyzed with imagej software.
these parameters also increased in the second age group , but this increase was not significant.
multiple regression analysis showed that beside fascicular size , age more significantly predict perineurial collagen type iv content.
this increase might represent the consequence of perineurial collagen type iv deposition with aging.
we predicted that qol in the physical and social domains would be poorer , but improvements would be found in the psychological domain.
comparisons between their 5- and 10-year reports were performed using paired t-tests for numeric variables and mcnemar's test for categorical variables.
results : the women's mean age was @number@ @percent@ were college graduates , @percent@ had a partner , and @percent@ were non-euro-american.
conclusions : certain aspects of both physical and social qol worsened over time.
the remaining question is whether these changes can be attributed to the late effects of treatment or to normal effects of aging.
there is a nonmonotonic dose response curve for e2 influences on behavior and transcription.
evidence is mounting to indicate that the dose response curve is shifted according to the relative expression of erα and erβ.
finally , the role of erα / erβ on rapid e2 signaling and synaptogenesis as it relates to hippocampal aging is discussed.
joints were classified into three grades based on histological observations.
grade i showed fibrocartilage without degenerative change in the marginal region of the joint.
grade ii showed prominent calcification or ossification on the outer margin of the joint without fusion.
grade iii showed bony fusion.
the frequency of hyoid bones with diarthrodial structure of this joint was compared between the age groups.
the mean age of subjects with each grade of histological changes was calculated.
joints with diarthrodial structure decreased significantly with age relative to all subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
clefts with necrotic tissue were observed in cartilage along with progressive calcification.
the mean age of subjects with the histological changes was significantly higher than that of individuals without such changes ( p < @number@ ) .
calcification and ossification of joints were induced with age from fibrous tissue and cartilage on the outer margin of a joint.
quantifying the human vertebral geometry is important for accurate medical procedures.
we aimed to characterize the neural arch ( na ) shape at t1-l5.
all t1-l5 dry vertebrae ( n = @number@ ) of @number@ individuals were measured and analyzed by age , gender , and ethnicity.
most parameters were independent of age and ethnicity , yet greater in males than in females.
the sp is longer than its thickness both decreasing in the upper thorax ( by ca.
4mm ) , increasing in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae ( by @number@ mm for length and ca.
@number@ mm for thickness ) and decreasing again along the lower lumbar vertebrae ( both by @number@ mm ) .
in conclusion , the na is systematically asymmetrical and dynamic in shape along the thoracic and lumbar spine.
the inter-relationship with the vertebral body and articular facets is discussed.
objective : in china , the rapid socioeconomic transition and the consequential traditional culture change had significant influences on chinese older-adult depression.
in the present study , the prevalence , the potential risk , and the protective factors of depression in the chinese older population were investigated.
demographic and other self-reported related factors were taken into consideration.
conclusions : the present study found a higher prevalence of depression in the chinese older population compared with those reported two decades ago.
family support and health status were the most significant protective factors for depression in chinese older adults.
in addition to the deterioration of family support , the worsening of health status is another significant factor.
conclusions : the need for new initiatives in research into ageing in asd is urgent.
methods : elderly patients with dementia visiting our center were recruited.
results : overall , @number@ patients with dementia ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ male ) participated.
fifty-four patients ( @percent@ ) had experienced falls in the past year.
conclusions : urinary incontinence is a previously unidentified risk factor for falls among elderly dementia patients.
an interventional study with the focus of urinary incontinence could improve the effectiveness of fall prevention among these patients.
this methodology affords the ability to dynamically catalogue and quantify , in parallel , femtomole quantities of cellular metabolites.
the study of aging , and the diseases that accompany it , has accelerated significantly in the last decade.
the application of metabolomics to aging research is still relatively new , but has already added significant insight into the aging process.
in this review we summarize these findings.
background : adequately recording diastolic heart sounds and systolic time intervals over longer periods is difficult.
thus , information on the circadian variation of these parameters in an ambulatory population is lacking.
methods : we studied @number@ asymptomatic subjects wearing an ambulatory monitor with acoustic cardiography.
the recording spanned a mean duration of @number@ hours , including sleep.
data were analyzed for the presence of third ( s3 ) and fourth ( s4 ) heart sounds and for systolic time intervals.
also , s4 was significantly more prevalent in those age > 40 years and significantly more pronounced during sleep in those age > 40 years.
in contrast , time intervals reflecting systolic function showed less circadian variation and less worsening with age.
conclusions : the nocturnal increase of s4 in the elderly reflects diastolic impairment-likely a result of changes in diastolic filling patterns with increasing age.
an s3 after the age of @number@ is a relatively uncommon finding and therefore should be a specific sign of cardiac disease.
continuous monitoring of diastolic heart sounds and systolic time intervals is possible using acoustic cardiography.
a representative sample of @number@ male and @number@ female , totally @number@ participants aged above @number@ years old was examined.
the subjects were not using any drug that could affect igf-1 levels.
body mass index ( bmi ) > 30 or < 18 kg / m2 were excluded.
serum igf-1 concentrations were determined by immunoradiometric assay ( irma ) .
serum igf-1 concentrations were declined with age in both males and females after the age of @number@
age effects on dual-task costs were examined in healthy adults ( exp.
@number@ ) and in typically developing children ( exp.
@number@ ) .
in this study , we applied immunohistochemistry to follow the expression of mth1 and the amount of 8-oxoguanine in rna during aging.
the expression levels of mth1 in the hippocampi of 8- and 12-month-old samp8 mice were significantly lower than those of control mice.
therefore , in this mouse model , age-related accumulation of 8-oxoguanine in rna is correlated with decreased expression of mth1.
increased amounts of 8-oxoguanine in the rna , and decreased expression of mth1 were also observed in the hippocampi of patients suffering from alzheimer's disease.
these results suggest that mth1 deficiency might be a causative factor for aging and age-related disorders.
background : the eyebrow is one of the most important structures of the face from an aesthetic point of view.
as age increases , the brow changes its shape and position.
this age-related change decreases the vitality , youth , and expression associated with the aesthetically ideal face.
this article describes changes in eyebrow position in indian women with aging.
women who had any condition that could affect the measurements were excluded from the study.
standardized digital photographs in frontal view were captured with the forehead and eyebrows in a maximally relaxed position and with the eyes open.
the result was statistically analyzed.
results : with aging , the least rise was seen in the lateral segment , which was not statistically significant.
this difference was statistically significant at the medial and midbrow positions ( p < @number@ ) .
in the younger group , the lateral brow position was significantly higher than the midbrow ( p < @number@ ) .
in contrast , the older group showed a nonsignificant difference in the position of the midbrow and the lateral brow.
the mean horizontal distance of the brow apex from the midpoint of the pupil for young women was @number@ mm.
conclusion : the study results imply that the brow does not drop in women with age.
most patients require brow reshaping by restoration of the brow apex lateral to the level of the outer corneal limbus.
materials and methods : twenty patients with bph , aging 68-78 years old ( y.o ) , were enrolled in the study.
there was also a significant improvement in clinical symptoms in patients of the electromagnetic group.
follow-up of the patients of this group for one year revealed that results obtained by emfs treatment are still remaining.
conclusion : pulsed electromagnetic field at radiofrequencies may benefit patients with benign prostate hyperplasia treated by a non-invasive method.
an evidence-based protocol known as individualized music ( im ) offers a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce agitation.
the effectiveness of the training on increasing the participants ' knowledge of and confidence in using im was explored.
thus , there is potential for using im in the palliative treatment of persons with advanced dementia.
maintaining skin integrity and preventing skin breakdown and moisture lesions in the incontinent patient is an everyday challenge for nurses in the acute setting.
the use of traditional methods of cleansing with soap and water in the management of skin integrity consumes significant amounts of nursing time.
however , this procedure conflicts with infection control measures and predisposes the patient to further skin breakdown.
here , we review the role of the nematode in renal research and discuss future perspectives for its use in molecular nephrology.
moreover , proteins of the kidney filtration barrier play important roles in both correct synapse formation , mechanosensation and signal transduction in the nematode.
intriguingly , the renal cell carcinoma disease gene product von-hippel-lindau protein was shown to regulate lifespan in the nematode.
purpose of review : our purpose is to review recent findings highlighting the metabolic and functional diversity of hdl subspecies.
recent findings : hdl heterogeneity - both structural and functional - is the main focus of this review.
recent work indicates that the metabolism and functionality of hdl particles differ greatly among hdl subspecies.
there are about @number@ different hdl-associated proteins ; however , there are many more lipid species potentially associated with hdl particles.
summary : the most important recent findings disclose that hdl is more complex than previously thought.
hdl subclasses differ in physical-chemical properties , protein and lipid composition , metabolism , physiological functions and pathophysiological significance.
the staggering complexity of hdl demands significantly more investigation before we can truly begin to understand hdl metabolism and function in humans.
dementia was assessed over @number@ decades later in @number@ survivors of the original cohort , @number@ of whom were assessed for cfpd in @number@
similar results were obtained for the association of crisis reported following maternal parental death ( cfpd-m ) at different age groups and dementia.
conclusions : cfpd during childhood is associated with an increased risk for dementia in men who survived until old age.
a quasi-experimental , cross-sectional , retrospective study is designed to identify and quantify the relationships present in processes and outcomes inherent in health care transitions.
transcription intermediary factor 1γ ( tif1γ ) was suggested to play a role in erythropoiesis.
however , how tif1γ regulates the development of different blood cell lineages and whether tif1γ is involved in human hematological malignancies remain to be determined.
here we have shown that tif1γ was a tumor suppressor in mouse and human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ( cmml ) .
loss of tif1g in mouse hscs favored the expansion of the granulo-monocytic progenitor compartment.
furthermore , tif1g deletion induced the age-dependent appearance of a cell-autonomous myeloproliferative disorder in mice that recapitulated essential characteristics of human cmml.
tif1γ was almost undetectable in leukemic cells of @percent@ of cmml patients.
this downregulation was related to the hypermethylation of cpg sequences and specific histone modifications in the gene promoter.
a demethylating agent restored the normal epigenetic status of the tif1g promoter in human cells , which correlated with a reestablishment of tif1γ expression.
we sought to examine the association of blood pressure and hypertension with the risk of pd among men and women.
this study consisted of @number@ surveys ( 1972-2002 ) on representative samples of the general population in finland ( national finrisk study ) .
cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratio of pd associated with blood pressure.
there was no significant association between blood pressure and pd risk in men.
optimal control of blood pressure in women may reduce the incidence of pd.
moreover , women tend to wake up earlier than men and exhibit a greater preference for morning activities than men.
whether a sex difference in intrinsic circadian period in humans underlies the difference in circadian alignment between men and women is unknown.
the shorter average intrinsic circadian period observed in women may have implications for understanding sex differences in habitual sleep duration and insomnia prevalence.
proteotoxicity resulting from accumulation of damaged / unwanted proteins contributes prominently to cellular aging and neurodegeneration.
proteasomal removal of these proteins upon covalent polyubiquitination is highly regulated.
recent reports proposed a role for autophagy in clearance of diffuse ubiquitinated proteins delivered by p62 / sqstm1.
here , we compared the turnover dynamics of endogenous ubiquitinated proteins by proteasomes and autophagy by assessing the effect of their inhibitors.
autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin a1 , ammonium chloride , and 3-methyladenine failed to increase ubiquitinated protein levels.
the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin raised ubiquitinated protein levels at least 3-fold higher than the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine.
notably , chloroquine considerably inhibited proteasomes in sk-n-sh cells and mefs.
with epoxomicin , soluble p62 / sqstm1 associated with proteasomes and p62 / sqstm1 aggregates contained inactive proteasomes , ubiquitinated proteins , and autophagosomes.
prolonged autophagy inhibition ( @number@ h ) failed to elevate ubiquitinated proteins in rat cortical neurons , although epoxomicin did.
moreover , prolonged autophagy inhibition in cortical neurons markedly increased p62 / sqstm1 , supporting its degradation mainly by autophagy and not by proteasomes.
in conclusion , we clearly demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy fails to elevate ubiquitinated proteins unless the proteasome is affected.
we also provide strong evidence that p62 / sqstm1 associates with proteasomes and that autophagy degrades p62 / sqstm1.
overall , the function of p62 / sqstm1 in the proteasomal pathway and autophagy requires further elucidation.
objective : the relation of overweight to dementia is controversial.
height and weight at midlife ( mean age @number@ ) were available in the registry.
results : among all participants , dementia was diagnosed in @number@ subjects , and @number@ persons had questionable dementia.
conditional logistic regression analysis in @number@ dementia-discordant twin pairs led to an attenuated midlife bmi-dementia association.
the difference in ors from the gee and the matched case-control analysis was statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : both overweight and obesity at midlife independently increase the risk of dementia , ad , and vad.
genetic and early-life environmental factors may contribute to the midlife high adiposity-dementia association.
to partition the effects of aging and falls efficacy on balance and leg strength simultaneously , canonical commonality analysis ( cca ) was used.
data from a study conducted to examine the psychobiological and aging influences on unintended falls among physically active older adults were analyzed.
conclusion : the abc stands as a viable alternative to consider when assessing falls efficacy among dynamic older adults.
future research would benefit from using cca to understand how various psychobiological constructs predict fall-related outcomes.
pseudoneglect is a slight but consistent leftward attentional bias commonly observed in healthy young populations , purportedly explained by right hemispheric dominance.
it has been suggested that normal aging might be associated with a decline of the right hemisphere.
according to this hypothesis , a few studies have shown that elderly tend to exhibit a rightward attentional bias in line bisection.
in the present study , we tested this hypothesis in young and older participants using a perceptual landmark task.
right hemisphere impairment coupled to a left hemispheric compensation might explain the perceptual shift observed in older adults.
however , a decline in corpus callosum function cannot be excluded.
background : vascular and immune alterations in the prefrontal cortex may contribute to major depression in elderly subjects.
association of extravascular icam-1 to gfap-positive astrocytes was investigated by double-labeling immunofluorescence.
results : vascular and extravascular fractions of icam-1 immunoreactivity were lower in subjects with mdd than in non-psychiatric comparison subjects.
most extracellular icam-1 immunoreactivity was coextensive with gfap-immunoreactive astrocytes in both groups.
limitations : heterogeneity in type and dosage of antidepressant medication.
difficulty in determining the exact onset of depression in subjects older than @number@ at the time of death.
routine cerebrovascular pathological screening may miss subtle subcellular and molecular changes.
despite the benefits of treatment for late-life depression , underutilization of mental health services by older adults and nonadherence to offered interventions exist.
this article describes psychosocial and interactional barriers and facilitators of treatment engagement among depressed older adults served by community health care settings.
personalized treatment engagement interventions designed by the authors ' group for various community settings are presented.
primary care settings present important opportunities for the detection and management of depression in older adults.
it reviews the evidence for factors that place older adults at risk for suicide , or protect them from it.
inflammatory processes are likely to play a causal role in geriatric depression.
geriatric depression occurs in the context of illnesses in which inflammatory processes are part of the pathogenesis.
both aging and depression are associated with immune responses , and the connectivity among mood-regulating structures may be modulated by inflammatory responses.
geriatric depression exacerbates the symptoms of comorbid disorders.
geriatric depression often occurs in persons exposed to chronic stress , a state precipitating geriatric depression and triggering proinflammatory responses.
the successful treatment of comorbid conditions that increase central nervous system inflammatory responses has general health benefits and should be part of clinical practice.
this article reviews relevant findings by each structural neuroimaging technique.
abnormalities in specific cerebral networks likely confer vulnerability that increases the susceptibility for development of geriatric depression and affect the course of symptoms.
judicious use of functional neuroimaging tools can advance pathophysiologic models of geriatric depression.
problem-solving therapy , cognitive behavioral therapy , and treatment initiation and participation program have supportive evidence of efficacy , pending replication.
future research may examine the moderating effects of baseline depression severity and identify other clinical or demographic moderators.
in older adults , several environmental challenges can potentially trigger the onset of an episode of major depression.
vulnerability to these challenges can be influenced by genetics.
there is accumulating evidence for an interaction between stress and a serotonin transporter polymorphism , though there is also heterogeneity among studies.
other relevant genes include those encoding for the neuroendocrine stress axis , growth factors , and other monoaminergic systems.
each of these may interact with either predisposing traumas in early childhood or precipitating events later in life.
as the population ages , successive cohorts of older adults will experience depressive disorders.
late-life depression ( lld ) carries additional risk for suicide , medical comorbidity , disability , and family caregiving burden.
treatment algorithms are also reviewed based on predictors of response and promising novel treatment options.
because the elderly are the fastest growing segment of the population , the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing.
bipolar elders are disproportionately affected by medical burden.
additional research is needed to better understand the epidemiology , phenomenology , and treatment of geriatric bipolar disorder.
psychosis is common in late-life and exacts enormous costs to society , affected individuals , and their caregivers.
a multitude of etiologies for late-life psychosis exist , the two most prototypical being schizophrenia and psychosis of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
the risk of developing dementia is associated with increasing age , lifestyle , and cardiovascular health.
alzheimer dementia is characterized by progressive cognitive deficits and decline in functional ability.
using history , examination , and laboratory testing , the clinician can evaluate the patient with dementia.
specific to these conditions are assessments of cognition , neuropsychiatric symptoms , and level of functioning.
managing neuropsychiatric symptoms is challenging and requires a team approach in which nonpharmacological strategies are preferred before medications are considered.
various diagnostic methods are being developed to discriminate disease from nondisease and track progression.
drug discovery is identifying novel molecules that target underlying disease mechanisms.
this perspective paper outlines pros and cons of the use of statins in neurodegenerative disorders , with particular emphasis on alzheimer disease.
low socioeconomic status ( ses ) may be associated with accelerated biological aging , but findings relating ses with telomere length have been inconsistent.
educational attainment was classified into four levels , while household income and grade of employment were measured as indicators of current socioeconomic circumstances.
we found that lower educational attainment was associated with shorter telomere length after controlling statistically for biological and behavioral covariates.
neither household income nor employment grade was related to telomere length.
the association between telomere length and education remained significant after adjusting for current socioeconomic circumstances.
in men , highest levels of telomerase activity were found in the lowest education group.
we conclude that low ses defined in terms of education but not current socioeconomic circumstances is associated with shortened telomeres.
low educational attainment may be an indicator of long-term ses trajectories , and be associated with accumulated allostatic load resulting in telomere shortening.
education may also promote problem-solving skills leading to reduced biological stress responsivity , with favorable consequences for biological aging.
however , the effects of tenuigenin on parkinson's disease remain unclear.
in the present study , sh-sy5y cells were utilized to determine the effects of tenuigenin on 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-ohda ) -induced injury.
results showed that @number@ × 10⁻¹-10 μm tenuigenin significantly promoted cell viability and reduced cell death.
in addition , tenuigenin protected mitochondrial membrane potential ( mmp ) against 6-ohda damage and significantly increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase expression.
at the mrna level , tenuigenin resulted in down-regulation of caspase-3 , but up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in 6-ohda damaged cells.
these results suggested that tenuigenin provides neuroprotection to dopaminergic neurons from 6-ohda-induced damage.
the neuroprotective mechanisms might involve antioxidative effects , maintenance of mitochondrial function , and regulation of caspase-3 and tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity.
tenuigenin could provide a novel antioxidative strategy for parkinson's disease.
there was an age-related decrease in sici and an age-related decline in all dexterity measures.
depending on task combination , dual-tasking can either be performed successfully or can lead to performance decrements in one or both tasks.
interference is believed to be caused by limitations in central processing , i.e. structural interference between the neural activation patterns associated with each task.
in the present study , single- and dual-task effects were addressed in the context of aging.
increasing evidence from research on motor and cognitive tasks has shown that aging is associated with an expansion of brain activation and an increased bold-signal.
this may result in increased structural interference and higher dual-task interference in older adults.
functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the bold-response in @number@ old and @number@ young healthy adults while performing tasks separately , or combined.
single tasks consisted of mental arithmetic cued by auditory tones , and a visuomotor task , drawing a circular shape with spatiotemporal constraints.
age-related brain activation increases were only apparent during performance of the visuomotor task.
elderly showed higher bold-responses in a frontoparietal network , pointing to an increased reliance on sensory feedback processing.
however , no increased structural interference was found for the elderly during performance of the dual-task.
we assume that this allowed both groups to maintain performance under dual-task conditions , leading to minimal dual-task interference.
most respondents ( @percent@ ) occasionally purchased organic chicken.
to determine the organic chicken consumer profile , the organic chicken consumption frequencies of different demographic groups were compared.
the results show dependence on age ( p = @number@ ) and ethnicity ( p = @number@ ) .
older respondents as well as respondents who identified themselves as caucasians tended to buy organic chicken more frequently.
taste was identified as the most important meat quality attribute ( perceived as [ very ] important by @percent@ of the respondents ) .
other important meat quality criteria were : general appearance , overall health , price , nutritional value , and containing no medical residues.
\ "organically produced \ " appeared to not be that important compared with other criteria.
the high price for organic meats was the strongest limiting factor for organic meat purchases followed by poor availability.
approximately @percent@ of the non-buyers and @percent@ of the occasional buyers perceived organic meat as not or hardly likely to be available in their supermarket.
additionally , the motivation and deterrent factors are described indicating why the consumer does or does not purchase organic chicken.
this information can be valuable to help promoting organic meats to the consumers.
skin ageing is an irreversible process that is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
the possibility of arresting or delaying skin ageing represents a large research area and has a big potential in the cosmetics sector.
anti-ageing products are of a great importance in cosmetic fields.
in this study , we have examined the lactate and the progerin production of human normal cutaneous cells issued from subjects of different ages.
an ageing study was conducted to capture skin colour parameters in the cielab system from caucasians of both genders and all available adult ages.
previous studies have addressed age-related changes in skin colour.
this work presents a novel consumer correlated quantitative linear model of skin brightness by which to communicate age-related changes.
two product assessment studies are also presented here , demonstrating the ability of anti-ageing products to deliver on objective and subjective improvements in skin brightness.
lamin a / c-depleted cells exhibited a flat morphology and accumulated markers of cellular senescence.
a similar senescence response was observed in myoblasts from a patient with a lamin a mutation causing muscular dystrophy.
however , the source of aa and supplement timing require further investigation.
epidemiologic studies have documented an increasing frequency of anaemia in individuals @number@ yrs and older.
il-6 , hepcidin , gdf15 , epo and testosterone levels were compared.
gdf15 levels were significantly elevated when comparing aue with controls and were markedly elevated in patients with renal disease.
testosterone levels were lower in men from the aue group compared with non-anaemic controls.
epo levels in the aue group were increased relative to controls but were inappropriately low for the degree of anaemia.
our data indicate that an impaired epo response , in the absence of evidence for iron restriction or inflammation , is characteristic of aue.
methods : twenty-one pre-presbyopic volunteers ( aged @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in the study.
binocular subjective amplitude of accommodation was measured before and after a prolonged reading exercise , using the raf rule.
during the @number@ min reading task , the subject's closest comfortable eye-to-text distance and pupil size was monitored.
the mean percentage of accommodation utilised increased with subject age ( r = 0.517 , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the pre-presbyopic human accommodative system is robust to fatigue during intense and prolonged near work.
a greater proportion of one's amplitude of accommodation may be continuously exerted than previously suggested.
we examined age differences in the effectiveness of multiple repetitions and providing associative facts on tune memory.
for both tune and fact recognition , three presentations were beneficial.
age was irrelevant in fact recognition , but older adults were less successful than younger in tune recognition.
the associative fact did not affect young adults ' performance.
among older people , the neutral association harmed performance ; the emotional fact mitigated performance back to baseline.
young adults seemed to rely solely on procedural memory , or repetition , to learn tunes.
older adults benefitted by using emotional associative information to counteract memory burdens imposed by neutral associative information.
our primary purpose in this study was to examine age differences in using choice deferral when young and older adults made trade-off decisions.
high and low emotional trade-off difficulty were manipulated between participants through different attribute labels of available cars.
older adults were more likely than young adults to choose deferral.
older adults who used deferral reported less retrospective negative emotion than those who did not.
we find that numeracy and cognitive reflection are positively associated with enrollment likelihood and that they are more important determinants of enrollment than age.
we also find that greater numeracy is associated with a lower willingness to pay for choice.
a life-span sample completed an incentive-compatible temporal discounting task involving both monetary gains and losses.
covariates included demographic characteristics , cognitive functioning , personality traits , affective responses , and subjective health.
an examination of covariates suggested that age effects were associated with age differences in mental health and affective responses rather than demographic or cognitive variables.
there is limited evidence for the hypothesis , and research has not tended to clearly distinguish age dedifferentiation from ability differentiation and other age-related phenomena.
the present study examined age dedifferentiation using a structural equation model that controlled for ability differentiation , along with linear and quadratic effects of age.
time-to-death was examined as an alternative time metric to chronological age , as it may better represent biological constraints.
results indicated little support for the age dedifferentiation hypothesis , with only two of seven cognitive tests showing significant age dedifferentiation.
the time-to-death metric showed more evidence of dedifferentiation , with four of the seven tests exhibiting dedifferentiation.
however , after excluding participants with possible cognitive impairment , all of the dedifferentiation effects were attenuated to nonsignificance.
age dedifferentiation effects may therefore reflect dementia and other mortality-related pathology rather than being an inevitable outcome of advanced age.
alternative developmental theories for cognitive function must better account for the diversity of late-life abilities and pathology.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with cognitive loss , behavioural changes , functional ability decline and caregiver burden.
given the worldwide public health impact of ad , novel interventions to reduce suffering experienced by ad patients need to be developed.
foods may offer a mechanism for intervention complementary to drugs , devices , biologicals and vaccines.
apart from foods with health claims ( including dietary supplements ) , medical foods are also being explored as an intervention option.
animal studies suggest that perfluorocarbons ( pfcs ) may alter sexual maturation.
relationships of human pfc exposure with puberty are not clear.
participants were @number@ boys and @number@ girls aged 8-18 years.
in conclusion , our study showed a later age of puberty in this population correlated with pfc concentrations.
applying what we know about brain function to both traditional and online teaching is easy.
this column discusses brain function and \ "tips \ " for structuring teaching based on it.
given the aging population and the complex needs of older adults , there is considerable need for additional gerontological nurses.
using yin's exploratory case study design , @number@ fourth-year nursing students constituted the single case.
an initial quantitative survey placed students in three embedded units of analysis : neutral , pro-aged , and anti-aged bias toward older adults.
using purposeful sampling from each of the embedded units , @number@ students were interviewed.
the authors ' findings have important implications for education and practice.
research on widowhood mostly emphasizes negative outcomes , but some studies suggest widows are resilient.
this study evaluated the in-depth daily experiences of older widows compared to married women.
participants included @number@ widows and @number@ married women from the national study of daily experiences ii , who completed daily diaries over @number@ days.
for long-term widows , there were no differences compared to married women in daily and general well-being , and a few differences in time use.
female carers of adults with an intellectual disability are increasing in our communities as those with intellectual disability live into middle and old age.
twenty-seven carers between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years responded to questionnaires about demands , resources , and their health.
almost all were in the clinical range on the measure of psychological functioning.
demands contributed significantly to poorer functioning ; however , other measures did not.
the women in this study appeared to underreport the level of difficulties they experienced.
the caregiving role undertaken by these women does not appear to be sustainable under their current circumstances.
african americans are disproportionately represented in the number of grandparents raising their grandchildren.
using role strain theory and socioemotional selectivity theory , this study examines how older grandmothers fare relative to their younger counterparts.
results showed older grandmothers experienced less emotional and caregiving strain relative to younger grandmothers.
furthermore , married grandmothers experienced less caregiving strain , and their age did not insulate them from the strain associated with the level of care.
implications are discussed.
in this article , we examine varied attitudes and practices toward volunteering in later life , as shared by a group of @number@ retired women.
an integrated statistical method with generalized estimating equations was applied to study trajectory stability.
the study particularly demonstrated a mixed representation regarding the significant trajectories of intact and reduced physical performance over time.
it is established that a high level of fat mass ( fm ) is related to mobility impairment in older adults.
however , fm distribution has received very little attention.
the results show that waist circumference was the only measure of body fat distribution independently associated with mobility ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
therefore , the use of objective measures of fm distribution may not be necessary to examine the impact of fm distribution on mobility.
fear of falling is known to affect more than half of community-dwelling older adults over @number@ years of age.
this fear is associated with physical and psychological effects that increase the risk of falling.
as a starting point in testing this proposition , the authors examined selective attentional processing bias to fall-relevant stimuli among older adults.
attentional processing was defined using three index scores : attentional bias , congruency index , and incongruency index.
bias indicates capture of attention , whereas congruency and incongruency imply vigilance and disengagement difficulty , respectively.
both groups showed an attentional bias to fall-threat words but those who were fearful of falling also showed an incongruency effect for fall-threat words.
in two experiments recognition of actions of a robbery presented in a video was examined in older and younger adults.
in both experiments older adults had more false alarms and showed less accurate recognition than younger adults.
furthermore , we found a robust positive correlation between source attribution ability and recognition accuracy.
thus , source-memory deficits may contribute to older adults ' false memories in real-life eyewitness situations.
eight participants with probable alzheimer's disease ( ad ) were trained to recall names of countries using the spaced-retrieval memory intervention.
six training sessions were administered on alternate days over a 2-week period.
half of the participants studied a target country alone and the other half studied a target country along with eight distractor countries.
training stimuli appeared in text-only format in half of the sessions and text with a color photograph of the country in the other sessions.
on each trial , participants selected the target at increasingly longer retention intervals , contingent upon successful recall.
results indicated that the mean proportion of correct trials and longest duration achieved increased across training sessions , confirming the success of the spaced-retrieval intervention.
pictorial illustrations enhanced explicit memory for target country names.
implications of these data for current views on memory remediation in cognitively impaired older adults are discussed.
it is presently unclear as to why older adults take longer than younger adults to recognize visually presented words.
the hypothesis was that older adults attempt to compensate for sensory and motor slowing by using progressively larger perceptual units ( holistic encoding ) .
the prevention and adequate management of t2dm are , to a great extent , contingent on access to healthy food environments.
our target group is latino immigrants receiving services from a non-profit organization ( ngo ) in northern california.
arginase constrains endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by competing for the common substrate , l -arginine.
we have recently shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase ( nos2 ) s-nitrosates and activates arginase @number@ ( arg1 ) leading to age-associated vascular dysfunction.
here , we demonstrate that a direct interaction of arg1 with nos2 is necessary for its s-nitrosation.
the specific domain of nos2 that mediates this interaction is identified.
disruption of this interaction in human aortic endothelial cells prevents arg1 s-nitrosation and activation.
thus , disruption of nos2-arg1 interaction may represent a therapeutic strategy to attenuate age related vascular endothelial dysfunction.
on average , women now live one-third of their lives after menopause.
results : aeds were used by @percent@ of the community-dwelling and @percent@ of the institutionalized elderly.
the most commonly used aeds were carbamazepine , gabapentin , pregabalin , valproic acid and lamotrigine.
institutionalization was strongly associated with aed use ( or ( adjusted ) = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.86-4.10 ) .
in community-dwelling elderly , aed use was associated with an increased probability of use of all types of psychotropics.
however , among institutionalized elderly , the associations between use of aeds and psychotropics showed a mixed pattern.
conclusions : aed use seems to be common among swedish institutionalized elderly , and institutionalization is a strong determinant of aed use.
our results may also indicate an off-label prescribing of aeds as an alternative to psychotropics in the institutional setting.
this finding needs to be confirmed by others and evaluated with respect to outcomes of this treatment in institutionalized elderly.
the aging face in skin of color patients has a unique pattern that can be successfully augmented by dermal fillers.
the safety data from a selection of these studies was examined.
though pigmentary changes occurred , there have been no reports of keloid development.
developing a patient-specific care plan and instituting close follow up is emphasized.
dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( dheas ) is the most abundant circulating steroid secreted by adrenal glands yet its function is unknown.
we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data with @number@ individuals and identified eight independent common snps associated with serum dheas concentrations.
these genes are associated with type @number@ diabetes , lymphoma , actin filament assembly , drug and xenobiotic metabolism , and zinc finger proteins.
several snps were associated with changes in gene expression levels , and the related genes are connected to biological pathways linking dheas with ageing.
this study provides much needed insight into the function of dheas.
plin4 is a member of the pat family of lipid storage droplet ( lsd ) proteins.
samples consisted of subjects from two populations of european ancestry.
we demonstrated association of rs8887 with anthropometrics.
although retinoic acid ( ra ) has been implicated as an extrinsic signal regulating forebrain neurogenesis , the processes regulated by ra signaling remain unclear.
a better understanding of this complex interrelationship is important in helping the formulation of modalities for a holistic approach to the management of aging men.
in addition , there exist intricate associations among hormonal and lifestyle factors , %bf and age.
high-intensity exercise and longer duration of sleep were associated with higher concentrations of t and biot.
t was shown to be associated positively with men who were engaged in masturbation.
dheas was associated with men wanting more sex and with good morning penile rigidity.
older singaporean men tended to sleep for shorter duration , but exercised more intensely than younger men.
coital and masturbation frequencies decreased with age , and a significantly greater number of younger men were engaged in masturbation.
relationship between the partners is a key determinant of sexuality in men.
both biological and psychosocial factors interact with each other to influence sexual functions in men.
hence , a biopsychosocial approach may be more appropriate for a more lasting resolution to sexual dysfunctions in men.
in vivo brain imaging is a promising tool for the early detection of ad through visualization of abnormalities in brain structure , function and histopathology.
this paper reviews brain aβ- and fdg-pet studies in ad patients as well as in non-demented individuals at risk for ad.
we then discuss the potential of combining symptoms-sensitive fdg-pet measures with pathology-specific aβ-pet to improve the early detection of ad.
on the other hand , apart from the other lifestyle-related diseases , the prevalence of osteoporosis also increases rapidly accompanying aging.
osteoporosis is a major public health issue in japan , and key factors for its prevention are diet and exercise.
vitamin d and k are strongly associated with bone metabolism.
the recommended daily vitamin d and k requirements are 400-800 iu and 250-300μg , respectively.
in addition , exercise is effective for the improvement of bone mineral density in the elderly.
regular exercise and improvement of diet are important for the prevention of osteoporosis in the aging society.
late adulthood is associated with increased hippocampal atrophy and dysfunction.
the authors conclude that few studies have tested whether bdnf mediates age-related hippocampal atrophy and memory impairment.
current research suggests that the bdnf val66met polymorphism may be only weakly associated with hippocampal atrophy in late adulthood.
these conclusions are interpreted in relation to age-related memory impairment and preventions for hippocampal atrophy.
ischemic small vessel disease ( svd ) may lead to cognitive impairment , but cognitive deficits with a given burden of svd vary significantly.
the underlying mechanisms of impaired or preserved cognition are unknown.
here , we investigated the impact of ischemic svd on rapid-onset cortical plasticity , as induced with a paired-associative stimulation protocol.
cognitive status , motor performance and learning , and motor cortex excitability in response to cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation ( ctdcs ) were assessed.
white matter integrity was analyzed by conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging.
this finding was even more pronounced in patients with higher white matter lesion load. ctdcs revealed no evidence of cortical dysplasticity.
we conclude that increased rapid-onset cortical plasticity may contribute to largely preserved cognitive and motor function despite extensive ischemic svd.
background : this study compared the reversibility of rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular block with sugammadex in younger and older patients.
methods : fifteen younger ( 20-50 yr ) and @number@ older ( ≥70 yr ) patients were sequentially enrolled in this study.
there were no clinical events attributable to recurarization.
acute renal failure in elderly patients is common and likely to become more so as life expectancy in france continues to grow.
the elderly may develop all types of the disease but are most prone to drug-related acute renal failure.
however , age should no longer be considered as the sole determining factor in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
the elderly are among those who benefit most from preventive measures against acute renal failure.
temporal patterns of quiescent electromyography termed ' gaps ' were investigated in young and old men and women for a discrete task and daily activity.
there is growing interest in the influence of early-life development on clinical manifestations of late-life diseases.
results suggest maximal brain development and measures of brain injury / atrophy jointly contribute to cognitive function in older people.
a triple-blind placebo-controlled randomized repeated-measures trial was conducted with @number@ healthy participants , aged 45-77 years.
however , no significant effects of dha supplementation on cognitive functioning were found.
cr fitness was lower in those with ad over the study period.
lower baseline cr fitness was associated with progression of dementia severity in ad.
declining cr fitness over @number@ years was associated with brain atrophy in ad , especially in the parahippocampus.
in nondemented participants , there was a trend for lower baseline fitness to be related to cognitive decline.
both lower baseline cr fitness and declining cr fitness over @number@ years were associated with regional brain atrophy.
we conclude that cr fitness is chronically reduced in those with ad.
twelve herculite xrv composite blocks were fabricated ( @number@ mm × @number@ mm × @number@ mm ) .
bonding surface of blocks was polished through 1200-grit sic and air-abraded ( @number@ μm alumina , @number@.28mpa , 20s ) .
blocks were bonded to composite using clearfil esthetic cement.
all groups were statistically analyzed ( anova , tukey's , p < 0.05 ) .
data were extracted from @number@ participants enrolled in the mayo clinic study of aging.
spatiotemporal gait data were obtained as participants completed two walks across a @number@.6-m electronic walkway ( gaitrite ( ® ) ) .
several domains differed between men and women and differed across age groups.
reference values of @number@ gait parameters are presented which researchers or clinicians can use for assessing and interpreting gait dysfunction in aging persons.
three genes code for different ryr isoforms and each gene transcript gives rise to several alternatively spliced messenger rnas ( mrnas ) .
these variants confer distinct functionality to the ryr channel , such as altering ca ( 2 + ) release properties or subcellular localization.
changes in ryr isoform expression and alternative splicing have not been examined for potential roles in ad pathogenesis.
we find an increase in ryr2 transcripts in mci brains compared with no cognitive impairment.
in addition , there is a reduction in a ryr2 splice variant , associated with an antiapoptotic function , in mci and ad brains.
these alterations in ryr expression at early disease stages may reflect the onset of pathologic mechanisms leading to later neurodegeneration.
in the current study , we tested this hypothesis by having younger and older adults complete a verbal sternberg task without interference manipulations.
in younger adults , we observed an early posterior negativity ( 90-120 ms ) that predicted performance accuracy.
older adults failed to show this early negativity but did produce the expected frontal positivity.
however , the frontal positivity was again associated with poorer performance.
we relate these observations to different models of evolution including the evolution of senescence and suggest that probiotics be selected based on patient age.
studies of the microbiota in older people might tell us which probiotics could increase longevity.
drug metabolism varies among individuals with different microbial communities , so age- and region-specific clinical trials are required to ensure safety and efficacy.
objective : to examine the ability of clinic-based assessments of gait speed to capture limitations in a broad range of home- and community-based activities.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community-based aging cohort study.
participants : community-residing subjects ( n = 655 ; @percent@ women ; age ≥70y ; mean , @number@.4y ) .
interventions : none.
design : single-subject design.
participants completed @number@ baseline tests , @number@ month of pbbt , and posttraining tests both @number@ week and @number@ month after training.
setting : assisted-living facility.
intervention : pbbt involved @number@ sessions a week for @number@ weeks.
main outcome measures : time to stabilization of center of pressure ( cop ) after a perturbation on the moving platform.
the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ( upp ) is the primary cytosolic proteolytic machinery for the selective degradation of various forms of damaged proteins.
thus , the upp is an important protein quality control mechanism.
in the canonical upp , both ubiquitin and the 26s proteasome are involved.
substrate proteins of the canonical upp are first tagged by multiple ubiquitin molecules and then degraded by the 26s proteasome.
however , in noncanonical upp , proteins can be degraded by the 26s or the 20s proteasome without being ubiquitinated.
mild or transient oxidative stress up-regulates the ubiquitination system and proteasome activity in cells and tissues and transiently enhances intracellular proteolysis.
severe or sustained oxidative stress impairs the function of the upp and decreases intracellular proteolysis.
both the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome can be inactivated by sustained oxidative stress , especially the 26s proteasome.
thus , increased levels of ubiquitin conjugates in cells seem to be an indicator of mild oxidative stress.
pcbs , a group of @number@ individual congeners , are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and classified as probable human carcinogens.
hallmarks of aging and carcinogenesis are changes in telomere length and telomerase activity.
we hypothesize that semi-volatile pcbs , like those found in inner city air , are capable of disrupting telomerase activity and altering telomere length.
pcbs @number@ @number@ and cam significantly reduced telomerase activity from days 18-48.
telomere length was shortened by pcb @number@ from day @number@ and pcb @number@ and cam from days @number@ on.
all pcbs decreased cell proliferation from day @number@ only pcb @number@ produced a small increase of cells in g0 / g1 of the cell cycle.
dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that can limit the ability and motivation to perform exercise or exertion.
lastly , we review the effects of healthy aging and recent evidence for a male-female difference with respect to exertional-related dyspnea.
a total of @number@ residents were randomly invited , and @number@ participated.
the mean age of respondents was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range , 65-97 years ) , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
bilateral shoulder radiographs were taken , and the grade of oa was evaluated using the samilson-prieto method.
functional status was evaluated using the disabilities of arm , shoulder and hand ( dash ) instrument.
results : radiographic primary shoulder oa was detected in @number@ people ( @percent@ ) , and secondary oa in @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
knee oa was also a significant risk factor for shoulder oa ( or , @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the dash score was significantly higher in the oa group and increased according to the grade of shoulder oa ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : primary shoulder oa is not as rare as previously reported.
for comparison , vitamin e was also tested.
the goal of this study was to investigate dysphonia in this cohort.
study design : retrospective chart review.
diagnoses of any vocal fold pathology were made via strobovideolaryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography ( lemg ) at the time of presentation.
ninety-three percent ( n = 153 ) of patients who underwent lemg had weakness in the distribution of at least one nerve.
vhi scores varied greatly , ranging from @number@ to @number@ with an average score of @number@
when ovm scores were compared with kaypentax normative thresholds , @percent@ of subjects were found to be above the threshold for soft phonation index.
conclusion : our studies identified at least one pathologic factor contributing to dysphonia in all elderly patients presenting with voice complaints.
the high average vhi score indicated that these geriatric patients experienced significant dissatisfaction because of their dysphonia.
the problem was of sufficient magnitude to result in a high percentage of patients proceeding with treatment.
women generally have a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
however , this protection of gender diminishes rapidly after menopause and with advancing age , particularly in obese women.
alterations in vascular function are thought to a key early step in the development of atherosclerosis.
the clinical consequences of endothelial dysfunction and cvd will also be reviewed.
oxidative stress and inflammation are constant features of many chronic diseases and complications , and have been linked to carcinogenesis.
however , recent work has shown that nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 ( nrf2 ) confers protection against oxidative stress.
these studies have provided more insight into cox-2-mediated events.
cox-2 expression increases with aging in most tissues , due in part to ros , chemical reactions , physical shearing , and dietary molecules.
here we discuss new findings related to cox-2 inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses.
we also propose that cox- @date@ act as an intrinsic biological aging clock due to its role in balancing inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses.
the combined influence of csf biomarkers and hypertension ( htn ) on the gray matter ( gm ) is also not well described.
global and medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) gm was also assessed.
voxel based morphometry revealed that higher t-tau was associated with lower gm density in the precunei.
subjects with higher p-tau ( @number@ ) and p-tau ( @number@ ) / aβ42 had less gm in temporal lobes.
low aβ42 / aβ40 was related to less gm in the thalami , caudate , and midbrain.
subjects with hypertension showed more gm atrophy in the cerebellum , occipital , and frontal regions.
in conclusion , in normal elderly csf tau markers were associated predominantly with lower gm estimates in structures typically affected early in the ad process.
in this presymptomatic stage when no cognitive impairment is present , ad biomarkers and htn have additive effects on gray matter damage.
physiological aging affects early sensory-perceptual processes.
the mmn is a marker recorded through the electroencephalogram and is used to evaluate the integrity of the memory system.
pathological hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the tau protein is associated with dementia and can be the central cause of neurodegeneration.
vlw tau overexpression in sh-sy5y cells also increased ache activity levels.
colocalization of human p-tau and ache supports the conclusion that p-tau can act to increase ache.
this study is the first direct evidence of a modulatory effect of p-tau on brain ache expression.
in this study , we focused on the klotho gene , which is an anti-aging gene known to be a potential tumor suppressor.
we investigated whether the expression of klotho , assessed by immunohistochemistry , can predict survival in patients with resected sclc.
the immunostaining for klotho was mostly localized in the cytoplasm.
the administration of perioperative chemotherapy had no significant effect in improving the survival , as assessed by the kaplan-meier method.
however , the patients showing klotho expression in the resected specimens in p-stage i and ii , may have benefited from perioperative chemotherapy.
a multivariate analysis revealed no significant association between the expression status of mrp1 , mdr or bcrp and the os.
objective : in general , ageing is a risk factor for sensory and motor deterioration , with the rate of decline varying amongst individuals.
concerning masticatory function , missing teeth along with oral disease seem to accelerate the dysfunction.
here , we aimed to confirm whether masticatory dysfunction by ageing is inevitable.
design : the study sample consisted of @number@ independently living people aged 60-84 years.
masticatory performance was determined by the comminuted particles of test food.
bilateral maximal occlusal force in the intercuspal position was measured with pressure sensitive sheets.
stimulated whole saliva was collected.
age was not related to masticatory performance ( β = -0.007 , p = 0.753 ) .
aging is associated with widespread qualitative and quantitative changes of the motor cortex.
we also provide perspectives on scientific and clinical questions that need to be addressed in the near future.
the neuromuscular system is one of the largest and most vital organ systems of the body.
the function and mass of the neuromuscular system gradually deteriorate during the natural process of aging.
the neuromuscular system is comprised of individual motor units , each of which features a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
motor units also demonstrate age-related remodeling such as reduced number , muscle fiber atrophy , but an increased number of fibers per motor unit.
enabling communication between motor neurons and the muscle fibers they innervate is a specialized synapse known as the neuromuscular junction.
aged neuromuscular junctions exhibit elevations in pre-synaptic nerve terminal branching , and in the post-synaptic distribution of receptor sites for neurotransmitter.
alterations in motor unit behavior associated with aging deteriorate fine or gross motor performance.
in human aging , the alterations depend on muscles and the habitual activity of each muscle.
by considering studies on disuse in young adults and training in elderly adults , future research directions are proposed to help resolve the problems.
the loss of lean muscle mass occurring with advancing age is termed sarcopenia.
muscle protein metabolism is a dynamic process characterized by the balance between the synthesis and breakdown of muscle proteins.
recent studies have investigated potential interventions to overcome this anabolic resistance.
in particular , combining resistance exercise with essential amino acid supplementation restores the muscle protein anabolic response in older men.
the novel rehabilitation technique of performing light resistance exercise during blood flow restriction was also successful in overcoming the anabolic resistance to exercise.
future research is needed to determine whether these novel interventions will be successful in preventing sarcopenia and improving muscle strength and function in older adults.
skeletal muscle undergoes numerous morphological changes from early adulthood to old age including muscle size , configuration , and structure.
finally , training adaptations and health implications are briefly discussed.
vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers have two traits that make them unique : the fibers are multinucleated and their nuclei are post-mitotic.
the activity and mass of the muscles in the body make them susceptible to constant injury.
when this occurs , myonuclei can be increased or replaced by the adult stem cells of muscle , satellite cells ( scs ) .
these scs are vital for normal growth , repair and regeneration.
this review collates recent studies to determine the size of the nuclear domains and its change with activity.
the sc divides to add nuclei for growth and repair , and the sc identification and number are discussed.
it is concluded that sc number does not reflect a change in regenerative ability by the muscle.
therefore growth factors and cytokines in the connective tissue around the sc are major influences in the decline of sc function with age.
age-related muscle atrophy is due to loss of muscle fibers as well as atrophy of the remaining fibers.
evidence shows that loss of myofibers may be , in part , due to apoptosis.
two major apoptotic pathways have been extensively studied which are the mitochondrion-mediated and receptor-mediated pathways.
however , other pathways exist , such as the p53 pathway.
to date , it is not completely clear what pathways are responsible for loss of fibers in age-related muscle atrophy.
evidence suggests that multiple pathways may play a role.
in this review article the effects of aging on the mitochondrion- , receptor- , and p53-mediated apoptotic pathways in skeletal muscle are discussed.
there are many proposed mechanisms of age-related muscle loss that include the endocrine system.
a variety of hormones regulate growth , development and metabolism throughout the lifespan.
hormone activity may change with age as a result of reduced hormone secretion or decreased tissue responsiveness.
demographers expect the number of older persons to double to @number@ million - or to @percent@ of the us population - by the year @number@
a key component to reducing health care costs and maintaining well-being in older persons is preserving physical function throughout the lifespan.
the challenge to this objective is to combat the origin of the loss of physical function through treatment of chronic disease conditions.
another approach is to enhance physical function despite the occurrence of comorbid conditions through enhancement of the neuromuscular system.
the neuromuscular system provides the necessary components for all locomotion , and is thus a logical choice for preventative therapies to target.
this article will give a general overview of the models and risk factors that explain the development of physical disability.
we also examined neural influences and trophic factors , particularly insulin-like growth factor-i ( igf-1 ) .
properly functioning skeletal muscle is critical for locomotion and performance of many activities of daily living.
muscle wasting and decreased function of skeletal muscle are important factors in many age-related morbidities.
there are several pathways for generating atp in skeletal muscle that allow adequate atp supply to meet increased demand during muscle activity.
a growing body of literature provides evidence that the aging process may be accompanied by changes in metabolic supply and demand during muscle contractions.
however , detrimental effects of aging on muscle energy metabolism are not universally accepted , particularly when physical inactivity is accounted for.
we discuss this important concept as well as several potential countermeasures that may compress the period of morbidity in old age.
dry eye syndrome is a common irritating eye disease.
current clinical diagnostic methods are invasive and uncomfortable for patients.
the results suggest that the custom designed ir thermal image system may be used as an effective tool for noncontact detection of dry eye.
objective : to explore the influence of moxibustion at shenque ( cv @number@ ) point on aging and its mechanism.
the rabbit models of kidney-yang deficiency were created by pouring hydroxyurea.
the serum superoxide dismutase ( sod ) activity was detected and the effect of the moxibustion from both prevention and treatment aspects were compared.
and then the effect of different compatibility of acupoints was observed.
there was no significant difference in three moxibustion treatment groups ( all p > @number@ ) .
the male opaq™ is a reliable and validated instrument that may be utilized in clinical trials seeking to include male populations.
thirty-seven men ages 50 + completed the male opaq™ and sf-12 at baseline and a two-week retest of the male opaq™.
descriptive statistics were calculated for each item and site.
reliability and validity of the male opaq™ were assessed using pearson's r.
results : the male opaq™ can discriminate between men with and without fracture , and men who have more fractures have poorer scores.
instrument domains correspond to those of the sf-12.
conclusions : the male opaq ( tm ) is a brief and sensitive tool for measuring hrqol in men with op.
further testing in a more diverse and large sample is warranted.
objective : to investigate the beneficial effect of the consumption of soft plain cheese on bone resorption markers in institutionalized elderly women.
design : prospective , randomized crossover controlled study.
setting : six french nursing homes or other institutions for elderly.
participants : institutionalized women ≥ @number@ years old with low vitamin d status and calcium intake below @number@ mg / day.
two servings were taken every day during the @number@ weeks that preceded or followed a period of @number@ weeks without soft plain cheese consumption.
results : @number@ women aged 73-94 yr were selected , @number@ of them with mean age @number@.2±6.1 years remained compliant.
compliance was @number@ %.
the daily consumption of two servings of soft plain cheese was well accepted in terms of tastiness and appetite suited portion size.
design : prospective multicentre cohort.
setting : nine french university teaching hospitals.
participants : one thousand and forty seven ( @number@ @number@ ) non institutionalised subjects aged @number@ or over , hospitalised via ed.
a sub-group analysis was performed on the @number@ subjects with a caregiver.
measurements : patients were assessed using comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) tools.
cox survival analysis was performed to identify predictors of institutionalisation at one year.
results : within one year after hospital admission , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects were institutionalised.
bathing was of borderline significance ( p = .09 ) .
conclusions : cga performed at the beginning of hospitalisation in acute medical wards is useful to predict institutionalisation.
most of the predictors identified can lead to targeted therapeutic options with a view to preventing or delaying institution admission.
objectives : the incidence of heart failure increases with aging.
aim of the present study was to determine whether measures body composition predict incident heart failure in older adults.
setting : prospective community-based cohort study.
@number@ @number@ men and women aged @number@ years and older participating the rotterdam study.
measures of body mass index and waist circumference were obtained at baseline.
information on incident heart failure was obtained during follow-up.
cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the possible association between measure of body composition and incident heart failure.
results : during a mean follow up of @number@ ( sd ±4.4 ) years , @number@ participants had heart failure.
conclusion : although estimates decrease with age , measures of overall and central adiposity predict incident heart failure among community dwelling older adults.
objectives : to explore associations between nutritional status , falls and selected falls risk factors amongst older hospitalized people.
lengths of stay amongst fallers and the malnourished were assessed.
design : an observational longitudinal cohort study.
setting : geriatric assessment and rehabilitation unit ( garu ) of a tertiary teaching hospital.
participants : admissions to the garu during a six-month period were included.
associations between nutritional status or experiencing a hospital fall and length of stay were also examined.
malnutrition was associated with reduced mobility ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : evidence of reduced mobility was evident during garu admission amongst older people assessed as malnourished.
considering the results , a larger study concerning nutritional status , functionality and falls in the hospitalized population is warranted.
the influence of nutritional status upon a person's physical functioning should be considered more broadly in falls research.
design : a retrospective matched cohort study of patients aged > 60 years admitted to a rehabilitation unit between @date@ and @date@ .
participants : the exposed group was @number@ patients who had worn an accelerometer daily during their rehabilitation stay.
results : there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline.
conclusion : in the absence of feedback and goal setting , wearing a monitoring device does not significantly increase physical activity.
objectives : the synergistic effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion on muscle protein anabolism in young adults has been well described.
however , it is unclear if this relationship is maintained in older adults who are at greater risk of sarcopenic muscle loss.
setting : the university of texas medical branch , clinical research center , galveston , texas.
participants : healthy young ( n = 7 , 29±3 y ) and older ( n = 7 , 67±2 y ) adults.
conclusion : aging does not diminish the increase in muscle protein synthesis following a high-quality protein rich meal and bout of resistance exercise.
therefore , with an increasing elderly population , interventions that can improve muscle mass content and / or function are essential.
however , analytical techniques used for measurement of muscle mass in young subjects may not be valid for use in the elderly.
background : patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) who deteriorate rapidly are likely to have a poorer prognosis.
there is a clear need for a clinical assessment tool to detect such a decline in newly diagnosed patients.
design and analysis : an open-label , observational , 12-month , multicenter , french study.
physicians were asked to record data of three eligible rivastigmine naïve ( or on rivastigmine for < @number@ year ) ad patients.
results : out of the @number@ patients enrolled in the study , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were excluded due to loss of follow-up.
objectives : the present study investigates the impact of unawareness of deficit ( anosognosia ) in patients with alzheimer's disease upon professional health care burden.
design : cross-sectional study with a consecutive clinical sample from an alzheimer day-care hospital in france.
measurements : each patient was submitted to a standardized evaluation including clinical investigation , cerebral imagery , and neuropsychological assessment.
multiple linear regressions were used to examine the correlations between the pcdbi and the severity of anosognosia.
objective : to evaluate the relation between vitamin d nutritional status and muscle function and muscle strength in women aged over @number@ years.
muscle function was assessed by means of walking-speed test , standing balance , and sit-to-stand tests.
lower extremity muscle strength was determined using a manual dynamometer.
results : 25ohd levels ≥20 ng / ml were found to be associated with better lower extremity muscle function and strength.
forty- six % of participants had 25ohd levels ≥20 ng / ml.
negative correlation was observed between ipth and muscle function ( r = @number@ p < 0.02 ) .
conclusion : 25ohd levels ≥20 ng / ml are needed for a better muscle function and strength.
assessing vitamin d nutritional status in adults aged ≥ @number@ years would allow correcting hypovitaminosis d and improve muscle function and strength.
design : spontaneous and voluntary physical examination.
setting : sanitary and health care section of yuan ze university in taiwan.
participants : @number@ staff and students.
measurements : with the help of inbody720tm , @number@ body composition variables were measured and @number@ variables were retained after data pre-processing.
an ensembled artificial neural networks ( eann ) prediction model was established and seven different methods for assessing variables importance were applied.
besides , classical linear and logistic regression models were developed for comparison with eann prediction results.
the linear and logistic regression models results were both evidently worse than eann results.
conclusion : the results confirm that eann is appropriate to approximate such a complicated , non-invasive and highly non-linear problem as body composition analysis.
methods : the study design was cross-sectional.
results : the mean bmi increased in both genders by age.
conclusion : the results clearly indicate that using the mean bmis as the only indicator might be misleading in weight management studies.
objective : to observe the association of osteoporotic fracture with habits of smoking , alcohol consumption , tea consumption and exercise among very old people.
design and setting : a cross-sectional study conducted in dujiangyan sichuan china.
participants : @number@ unrelated chinese nonagenarians and centenarians ( @percent@ women , mean age @number@ years ) resident in dujiangyan.
however , in men , there was no significant difference in prevalence of these habits between subjects with and without osteoporotic fracture.
there is an ongoing discussion on how to diagnose a hyperechogenic pancreas and what is the clinical significance of diffusely hyperechogenic pancreas.
computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the more appropriate methods to diagnose pancreatic hyperechogenicity when compared with transcutaneous or endoscopic ultrasound examination.
more importantly , pancreatic hyperechogenicity may not be a certain indicator of pancreatic fat infiltration.
even if it is true , we do not know the clinical significances of pancreatic fat accumulation.
some suggested that excess fat in the pancreas is associated with chronic pancreatitis.
however , several histological studies on human alcoholic chronic pancreatitis did not prove the presence of fatty pancreas in such cases.
thus , except for aging , it is very rare to have truly steatotic pancreas in the absence of certain human diseases.
estimates of working memory ( wm ) capacity increase in children , peak in young adulthood , and decline thereafter.
despite this symmetry , the mechanisms causing capacity increments in childhood may differ from those causing decline in old age.
load levels and presentation times were varied within subjects.
behaviorally , we observed the expected life-span peak in younger adults and better performance with longer presentation times.
with short presentation times , task load increased cda amplitude and decreased behavioral performance in younger adults.
both effects were less pronounced in older adults.
with long presentation times , task load modulated the cda in children and older adults but not in younger adults.
these findings suggest that age-related differences in cda reflect changes in the top-down control over wm representations.
only neurointerventional procedures prevail in these cases , but well-equipped centers remain scarce.
a new therapeutic strategy consisting of a second iv thrombolysis with low-dose tenecteplase was applied.
clinical outcomes at @number@ months were evaluated with the modified rankin score.
results : among @number@ patients with mca-m1 occlusions who received iv tpa , @number@ were treated according to the protocol of sequential combined iv thrombolytics.
baseline national institutes of health stroke scale score was @number@
intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , with no symptomatic hemorrhage.
good clinical outcomes ( modified rankin score = @date@ ) were achieved in @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
functional outcomes were very similar to those of @number@ patients with early iv-tpa recanalization.
among @number@ patients treated as protocol violations , @number@ presented with a lack of recanalization and a parenchymal hematoma type @number@
background and purpose : treatment of stroke consumes a significant portion of all healthcare expenditure.
we developed a system for monitoring costs from individual patient data on a national level in finland.
older patients with ischemic stroke , and , among patients with ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage , women , incurred higher costs.
the mean estimated lifetime costs were $ 130 , 000 after ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage and $ 80 , 000 after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
costs of patients with stroke are increasing with prolonged survival and the aging population.
conclusions : treatment of patients with stroke is a large national investment.
setting up a nationwide system for continuous monitoring of stroke costs is feasible.
cost data should optimally be evaluated in conjunction with effectiveness and performance indicators.
this review addresses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cadherin-based tissue morphogenesis.
tissue physiology is profoundly influenced by the distinctive organizations of cells in organs and tissues.
in metazoa , adhesion receptors of the classical cadherin family play important roles in establishing and maintaining such tissue organization.
indeed , it is apparent that cadherins participate in a range of morphogenetic events that range from support of tissue integrity to dynamic cellular rearrangements.
a comprehensive understanding of cadherin-based morphogenesis must then define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that support these distinct cadherin biologies.
we discuss current progress and outline issues for further research in these fields.
amino acid transporters and mammalian target of rapamycin complex @number@ ( mtorc1 ) signaling are important contributors to muscle protein anabolism.
aging is associated with reduced mtorc1 signaling following resistance exercise , but the role of amino acid transporters is unknown.
we found that basal amino acid transporter expression was similar in young and older adults ( p > @number@ ) .
we propose an increase in amino acid transporter expression may contribute to enhanced amino acid sensitivity following exercise in young and older adults.
background : advanced glycation end products ( age ) accumulate in human tissue proteins during aging , particularly under hyperglycemia conditions.
baseline serum levels of cml-age , srage , glucose and insulin were determined.
weighted cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate relative risks ( rr ) and @percent@ ci.
highest quintile of cml-age was not associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer ( multivariate rr = @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.64-2.26 ) .
conclusions : higher prediagnostic levels of serum srage were associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer in male smokers.
impact : this is the first epidemiologic study to implicate the receptor for ages in colorectal cancer development.
fragile x syndrome is caused by cgg trinucleotide repeat expansion within the fragile x mental retardation @number@ gene , when repeat number exceeds @number@
the typical psychiatric profile of fragile x syndrome patients includes cognitive and behavioral deficits , psychiatric comorbidity , and autistic characteristics.
specific psychiatric features have not yet been clarified , specifically in relationship to age and genetic characteristics.
the objective of this study was to characterize psychiatric comorbidities in subjects with fragile x syndrome at different ages.
subjects with fragile x syndrome and their unaffected siblings were recruited and their parents filled out functional-behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities questionnaires.
adolescents with fragile x syndrome showed decreased prevalence of functional-behavioral deficits.
incidence and severity of most psychiatric comorbidities were lower in older subjects.
incidence of generalized anxiety disorder increased with age in the fragile x syndrome group.
the typical profile of patients with fragile x syndrome changes with age.
unaffected siblings exhibit anxiety and motor tics.
background : an impaired ability to allocate attention to gait during dual-task situations is a powerful predictor of falls.
the impact of cognitive task complexity on walking also was examined.
design : a cross-sectional , exploratory study design was used.
methods : seventy-seven community-dwelling older adults with a mean ( sd ) age of @number@ ( @number@ ) years completed comprehensive testing.
participant characteristics were assessed via questionnaires.
the motor test battery included measures of strength ( force-generating capacity ) , gait speed , and static and dynamic balance.
time to walk while performing @number@ cognitive tasks was measured.
in addition , dual-task costs ( dtcs ) were calculated.
multiple hierarchical regressions explored walking under dual-task conditions.
regardless of the cognitive task , participants walked slower under dual-task conditions than under single-task conditions.
increased cognitive task complexity resulted in greater slowing of gait : gait dtcs were least for the simplest conditions and greatest for the complex conditions.
limitations walking performance was characterized by a single parameter ( time ) , whereas other spatiotemporal parameters have been related to dual-task performance.
however , this type of measurement ( timed performance ) will be easy to implement in the clinic.
rehabilitation focused on improving underlying balance and gait deficits , as well as specific cognitive impairments , may significantly improve walking under dual-task conditions.
mean plasma level of endothelin-1 has been shown to be significantly higher in fontan patients compared to healthy controls.
in addition , reduction of pvr is shown early and late after the fontan procedure on treatment with exogenous no , another advanced pah therapy.
however , the long term effect of reducing the pvr by bosentan treatment on exercise capacity in fontan patients is still unknown.
methods : we designed a prospective , multicenter , randomized open label trial to study the effect of bosentan in fontan patients.
the primary endpoint will be the change in maximum exercise capacity ( peak v'o2 ) .
conclusion : we hypothesize that treatment with bosentan , an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist , improves maximum exercise capacity and functional capacity in adult fontan patients.
objectives : decreased energy intake in older persons poses these people at risk of progressive weight loss.
it may result from a failure to regulate energy intake and expenditure after periods of underfeeding.
design / setting : dietary intervention of @number@ phases.
after a phase of energy balance , we fed participants in phase @number@ by a mean of @percent@ of their needs for @number@ days.
during phase @number@ we assessed ad libitum energy intake of the participants during @number@ days.
trial registration : nct00561145.
although cachexia may be a component of sarcopenia , the @number@ conditions are not the same.
the diagnosis of sarcopenia should be considered in all older patients who present with observed declines in physical function , strength , or overall health.
patients who meet these criteria should further undergo body composition assessment using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry with sarcopenia being defined using currently validated definitions.
sarcopenia is a highly prevalent condition in older persons that leads to disability , hospitalization , and death.
objective : to examine how presentation of different stimuli impacts affect in nursing home residents with dementia.
affect was assessed using observations of the @number@ moods from lawton's modified behavior stream.
baseline observations of affect were performed for comparisons.
during the study , each participant was presented with @number@ predetermined engagement stimuli in random order over a period of @number@ weeks.
the dates of data collection were 2005-2007.
the lowest levels of pleasure and interest were observed for music.
participants with higher cognitive function had significantly higher pleasure ( f ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
overall , social stimuli have the highest impact on affect in persons with dementia.
the relative ranking of stimuli was different for interest and pleasure.
future research should attempt to ascertain a person's degree of interest in stimuli prior to developing an intervention.
methods : individuals with t2dm who were currently using one or more devices to monitor their disease participated in focus groups.
transcripts of focus group meetings were coded into themes by two reviewers using nvivo qualitative software.
results : twenty-eight adults with t2dm reported using a blood glucose meter , and almost half reported monitoring their blood pressure.
few individuals consistently monitored other aspects of their cardiovascular health.
four major themes impacting device use / disuse were identified : knowledge gaps , relationships with health care providers , environment , and personal experience.
knowledge barriers included lack of information regarding diabetes and the associated risk of complications.
perceptions of inconvenience , pain , and financial restrictions were important factors influencing the adoption , use , and abandonment of self-monitoring devices.
community-run programs , as well as dieticians and pharmacists , were identified as important resources for accessing information related to t2dm.
background : physical occupational exposure is a risk factor for low back pain in workers but the long term effects of exposure remain unclear.
as several countries consider increasing the retirement age , further information on this topic is relevant.
methods : the study population originated from the french national survey ' enquête décennale santé @number@.
occupational exposure was self assessed.
similarly , differences between previously exposed ( n = @number@ ) and unexposed ( n = @number@ ) retired women tended to reduce with age.
conclusion : the prevalence of lbp in active workers was associated with occupational exposure.
the link with past exposure among retirees decreased with age.
these results should be considered for policies dealing with prevention at the workplace and retirement.
background : the united nations ' global population pyramid is undertaking a shift from pyramid to cube.
limited studies have investigated the effect of health care services on longevity.
also nutritional services ( screening ) seem to promote better clinical outcome.
strong primary health care seems to be effective on the population's health outcome.
the effects of different intervention programs on physical fitness were also described.
results : institutionalized elders performance has significantly deteriorated on functional fitness.
nevertheless , higher results than reference values were obtained on both body strength tests and aerobic endurance , specifically in men.
the governor of caen prison and two inmates describe the reality of the detention of elderly people.
these inmates suffer from age-related pathologies or disabilities but still have the cognitive capability required to give their consent to take part in this interview.
an opportunity for those who experience prison on a daily basis to express their views.
french prisons are experiencing the same phenomenon observed across western societies , that of an ageing population.
this study is an ecological study of time trend.
we used the information systems database of datasus and ibge.
the main results indicate that the elderly group increased from @percent@ in @number@ @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
when supine , compression leggings did not change any cardiorespiratory variables in either age group or thermal condition ( p > @number@ ) .
in older adults , when standing , compression leggings maintained map by elevating tpr.
these problems have become the major focus for the health care industry.
to address the aforementioned issues , mobile agents are adopted.
with a mobile agent's characteristics of easy adaptability to heterogeneity and autonomy , the problem of heterogeneous network environments can be tackled.
we expect the methods proposed can improve medical care quality and reduce medical resource wastage , while ensuring patient privacy.
they , therefore , could also be associated with differences of in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) outcomes , reported between races / ethnicities.
95%ci @number@ @date@ ; p = @number@ ) .
autoimmunity did not differ but interaction of autoimmunity with fmr1 genotype almost reached significance ( p = @number@ ) .
fmr1 genotypes offer a possible explanation for differences in ivf outcomes between races / ethnicities.
all effect size estimates based on simulated data were compared to those computed based on the total scores in the observed data.
results : es estimates differed substantially depending on the definition of iiv and the test ( s ) on which iiv was based.
background : rodent studies show that neurogenesis is necessary for mediating the salutary effects of antidepressants.
after demonstrating that antidepressants can stimulate neurogenesis in nhps , our present study examines whether neurogenesis is required for antidepressant efficacy in nhps.
materials / methodology : adult female bonnets were randomized to three social pens ( n = @number@ each ) .
pen-1 subjects were exposed to control-conditions for @number@ weeks with half receiving the antidepressant fluoxetine and the rest receiving saline-placebo.
pen-2 subjects were exposed to @number@ weeks of separation-stress with half receiving fluoxetine and half receiving placebo.
dependent measures were weekly behavioral observations and postmortem neurogenesis levels.
results : exposing nhps to repeated separation stress resulted in depression-like behaviors ( anhedonia and subordinance ) accompanied by reduced hippocampal neurogenesis.
treatment with fluoxetine stimulated neurogenesis and prevented the emergence of depression-like behaviors.
ablation of neurogenesis with irradiation abolished the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine.
non-stressed controls had normative behaviors although the fluoxetine-treated controls had higher neurogenesis rates.
conclusion : we provide evidence that induction of neurogenesis is integral to the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine in nhps.
given the similarity between monkeys and humans , hippocampal neurogenesis likely plays a similar role in the treatment of clinical depression.
progressive loss of renal function is associated with a dysregulation of circulating t cells that may underlie their impaired t-cell immunity.
here we tested whether end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) -related t-cell alterations are compatible with the concept of premature immunological aging.
a significant decrease in the content of t-cell receptor excision circles and telomere length in patients with esrd confirmed these phenotypic data.
objective : exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes management and the prevention of incident diabetes.
however , the impact of the mode of exercise on cardiovascular ( cv ) risk factors in type @number@ diabetes is unclear.
results : of @number@ articles retrieved , @number@ met our inclusion criteria ; most investigated aerobic exercise alone , and @number@ reported combined exercise training.
resistance exercise alone or combined with any other form of exercise was not found to have any significant effect on cv markers.
conclusions : aerobic exercise alone or combined with rt improves glycemic control , sbp , triglycerides , and waist circumference.
the impact of resistance exercise alone on cv risk markers in type @number@ diabetes remains unclear.
objective : clinicopathologic phenotypes of dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) often overlap , making discrimination difficult.
methods : participants ( n = @number@ ) enrolled in a longitudinal study of memory and aging underwent 3-t fcmri.
clinical diagnoses of probable dlb ( n = @number@ ) were made according to published criteria.
probable ad cases ( n = @number@ ) met published criteria and had appreciable amyloid deposits with pib imaging.
functional images were collected using a gradient spin-echo sequence sensitive to bold contrast ( t2 weighting ) .
correlation maps selected a seed region in the combined bilateral precuneus.
in the dlb group , we found increased connectivity between the precuneus and regions in the dorsal attention network and the putamen.
in contrast , we found decreased connectivity between the precuneus and other task-negative default regions and visual cortices.
there was also a reversal of connectivity in the right hippocampus.
the loss of muscle mass with aging has been , at least partly , attributed to a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to food intake.
leucine coingestion has been reported to stimulate postprandial insulin release and augment postprandial muscle protein accretion.
we assessed the clinical benefits of @number@ mo of leucine supplementation in elderly , type @number@ diabetes patients.
there also were no changes in body fat percentage , muscle strength , and muscle fiber type characteristics.
consistent with this , oral glucose insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid concentrations did not change or differ between groups.
telomeres play a central role in human cancer , cardiovascular aging and possibly longevity.
however , present methods to measure telomere length are fraught with shortcomings that limit their use.
here , we describe a novel method to measure the relative telomere dna content by dot blot analysis.
the t normalized for dx ( t / dx ) of each dot is a measure of telomere content.
the method requires ∼20 ng of dna per assay.
the method might help researchers and clinicians alike in understanding risks for and extent of human diseases.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological basis for sex-differences in exercise-induced dyspnea in patients with mild copd.
there were no sex differences in dyspnea in the control group at any work-rate or ventilation ( v ( e ) ) .
superimposing mild copd on the normal aging effects had greater sensory consequences in women because of their naturally reduced ventilatory reserve.
orienting responses are physiological and active behavioral reactions evoked by novel stimulus perception and are critical for survival.
we explored whether odor orienting responses are impacted throughout both adulthood and normal and pathological aging in mice.
similar to wts , odor-evoked sniffing was not impacted in app mice up to @number@ mo.
with the aging population in europe it is anticipated that the growing demand for blood products will not be met by the estimated supply.
therefore up-to-date recommendations for optimal administration of blood products in hemotherapy are needed.
the aim was to re-evaluate the existing state of hemotherapy , identify areas where further studies are needed , and to provide up-dated recommendations.
the second kreuth meeting in @date@ was attended by @number@ experts in transfusion medicine , regulators and regulatory authorities from @number@ countries.
by consensus , @number@ new recommendations were adopted.
most of the @number@ recommendations were found to still be valid @number@ years later.
the kreuth initiative toward optimal use of blood products should continue.
functional brain imaging studies of normal aging typically show age-related under- and overactivations during episodic memory tasks.
older individuals also undergo nonuniform gray matter volume ( gmv ) loss.
thus , age differences in functional brain activity could at least in part result from local atrophy.
occipital gmv loss accounted for underrecruitment at encoding.
efficiency reduction of sensory-perceptual mechanisms underpinned by these areas may partly be due to local atrophy.
at retrieval , local gmv loss accounted for age-related overactivation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , but not of left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
local atrophy also accounted for age-related overactivation in left lateral parietal cortex.
activity in these frontoparietal regions correlated with performance in the older group.
atrophy in the overrecruited regions was modest in comparison with other regions as shown by a between-group voxel-based morphometry comparison.
collectively , these findings link age-related structural differences to age-related functional under- as well as overrecruitment.
in the absence of a cure for parkinson's disease , development of preventive medications for this devastating disease is particularly encouraged.
however , whether or not nbp confers neuroprotection in parkinsonian models is still unknown.
in this study , we investigated the effects of nbp in rotenone models for parkinson's diseases.
furthermore , nbp upregulated the vesicular monoamine transporter @number@ gene expression in vitro and in vivo.
together , nbp protects da neurons likely by reducing oxidative stress , offering an alternative neuroprotective medication for parkinson's disease.
vitamin d is involved in mineral and bone homeostasis , immune responses , anti-inflammation , anti-infection , and cancer prevention.
autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic pathway classified into three different types : macroautophagy , microautophagy , and chaperone-mediated autophagy.
autophagy contributes to anti-aging , antimicrobial defense , and tumor suppression.
the functions of autophagy overlap remarkably with those of vitamin d / vdr signaling.
this review focuses on vitamin d ( @number@ ) , vdr , and macroautophagy in inflammation and infection.
we summarize the known molecular mechanisms of vitamin d / vdr signaling on autophagy homeostasis.
the potential application of the insights gleaned from these research findings to anti-inflammation and anti-infection is also discussed.
background : bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw ( bronj ) is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of exposed bone in the maxillofacial region.
its pathogenesis is still undetermined , but may be associated with risk factors such as rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
lesions were detected in stage ii in posterior mandible with no clear trigger agent.
the treatment applied consisted of antibiotics , oral rinses with chlorhexidine , drug discontinuation and surgical procedures.
complete healing of the lesions was achieved.
objectives : our goal was to describe a single-center's experience in managing acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia with endovascular therapies.
background : open surgical revascularization has been considered the historical gold standard treatment for mesenteric ischemia though it poses considerable morbidity and mortality risk.
an aging population with increased comorbidities makes endovascular treatment a more attractive treatment option.
methods : consecutive subjects receiving percutaneous mesenteric interventions for acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia from @number@ to @number@ were identified retrospectively.
information on comorbidities , symptoms , screening tests , procedural outcomes , and follow up was obtained.
results : thirty-one patients received percutaneous mesenteric interventions during this period.
the mean age of the population was @number@ years with roughly equal proportions of males ( @percent@ ) and females ( @percent@ ) .
traditional cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent ( hypertension @percent@ , diabetes @percent@ , dyslipidemia @percent@ , nicotine use @percent@ ) .
procedural success was @percent@ ; no periprocedural complications were reported.
during a mean follow up of @number@ months , @percent@ required repeat revascularization and @percent@ died.
endovascular treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia was successful ( n = @number@ ) and no patient required open surgical revascularization acutely or during follow-up.
conclusions : endovascular treatment of mesenteric ischemia is a safe and effective therapy with acceptable long-term results.
our experience with acute mesenteric ischemia suggests that percutaneous treatment may be an effective alternative to surgical revascularization in appropriately selected patients.
the incidence of systemic fungal infections has risen , as shown by increases in the numbers of immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients.
the consequences of these fungal infections are occasionally serious.
of @number@ patients , @number@ received prophylaxis with itcz-os at a dose of @number@ mg / day , and @number@ did not.
among the non-prophylactic group , aging and hypoalbuminemia were statistically significantly associated with incidence of invasive fungal infections.
of the four patients with invasive fungal infections , three had concomitant chronic illness such as diabetes.
toxicity among the prophylactic group was not statistically significantly different from that of the non-prophylactic group.
in addition , none needed discontinuation of the drug.
these results indicate the potential antifungal prophylactic effect of itcz-os for a subset of patients treated with moderate or high doses of corticosteroids.
in adults , hscs reside in marrow cavity of long bones where they self-renew and differentiate to replenish short-lived mature blood cells.
hscs exist in very low frequencies within specific \ "niches \ " where they interact with the surrounding environment through molecular associations.
continuous investigation into hsc biology should facilitate the utilization of hscs as a therapeutic modality and helps to prevent hsc malfunction.
introduction : degenerative spine disorders are steadily increasing parallel to the aging of the population with considerable impact on cost and productivity.
in this paper we study the prevalence and risk factors for multiple spine surgery and its impact on cost.
additionally , prospective follow-up over a period of 2-5 years was conducted.
conclusion : de novo spine surgery is associated with an increased incidence of additional spine surgery at the same or distant spine regions.
large prospective studies with extended follow-up periods and multifaceted cost-outcome analysis are needed to refine the appropriateness of spine surgery.
design : cross-sectional analyses of nationally representative data from the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys ( 2001-2003 ) .
setting : in-person household interviews.
measurements : srmh was measured with a single item , \ "how would you rate your own mental health ? \ "
conclusions : racial / ethnic variations were found in the relationship between self-perception of mental health and dsm-iv psychiatric disorders.
the findings suggest the need to develop race / ethnicity-specific strategies to screen psychiatric disorders in diverse elderly populations.
future studies are needed to investigate possible reasons for the racial / ethnic group differences.
drawing on shaw's framework of health behavior and outcomes , a range of beliefs was examined : cause , consequence , continuation , and treatability.
interviews were transcribed , coded , and analyzed for themes according to race or ethnic background.
black respondents more commonly attributed their symptoms to personal behaviors over which they had control and therefore did not require medical care.
hispanic respondents appeared more often to live with uncertainty about the cause of their symptoms and an accompanying concern about a future health consequence.
discussion : the combination of a range of health beliefs to form a cognitive representation made sense of the behavior of not seeking medical care.
the finding that sociocultural differences shaped these cognitive representations underscores the need for cultural competency in patient assessment and education.
results have implications for theories of health behavior and indicate further research with larger samples , additional psychosocial influences , and other symptoms.
purpose of review : description of management of diabetes in elderly.
recent findings : population of older adults is growing and so is the prevalence of diabetes in elderly individuals.
older adults are a heterogeneous group of individuals with varying physical capabilities , cognitive functioning and co-morbidities and life expectancies.
also , older adults with diabetes are at increased risk for some geriatric conditions.
thus , clinicians taking care of elderly with diabetes must take this into consideration and prioritize treatment accordingly.
summary : goals of diabetes care in elderly and younger adults are alike , though managing diabetes in elderly requires individualized approach.
pharmacological treatment options are similar to younger adults and avoidance of hypoglycemia is an important consideration in choosing therapeutic agents in elderly.
evaluation and treatment of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes in elderly must also be individualized.
falls among community-dwelling older adults are common and dangerous , often leading to traumatic brain injury , cervical fractures , and spinal cord injury.
physical and physiologic changes with aging , preexisting diseases , and treatments result in increased morbidity and mortality for this population.
older adults pose additional dilemmas in care.
this article reviews falls , mechanism of injury , and nursing care issues of particular significance to this vulnerable population in the critical care setting.
as the population continues to age , the specialized needs of older adult patients warrant the close attention of the critical care nurse.
the niche ( nurses improving care for healthsystem elders ) program provides a framework to create an aging-sensitive care environment in the critical care setting.
the geriatric resource nurse model is the foundation of the program.
unintentional injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability in older adults.
severely injured older adults have far worse outcomes than younger adults.
despite this difference , many survive with aggressive resuscitation and goal-directed therapy.
breast cancer progression and metastasis are driven by complex and reciprocal interactions , between epithelial cancer cells and their surrounding stromal microenvironment.
tumor stroma was laser capture microdissected from @number@ cases showing high stromal cav-1 expression and @number@ cases with loss of stromal cav-1.
the aging voice can have a significant effect on the quality of life of the patient.
after a comprehensive evaluation , presbyphonia may be treated conservatively with voice therapy or with a range of interventions.
research into tissue engineering and electrical reanimation offers future options for treatment of presbyphonia.
currently , a multidisciplinary approach offers the most complete improvement in the vocal quality of life in this patient population.
of these hepatic measures demonstrated age-dependent relationships on a per microsomal protein basis using linear regression models.
ratios of cpf bioactivation to detoxification ( cpf desulfuration to dearylation ) v ( max ) values were consistent across ages.
cpfoase in plasma demonstrated age-dependent increases on a volume of plasma basis , as did total plasma protein levels.
mean ( ±s.d. )
plasma samples were phenotyped for paraoxonase status , and frequencies were @number@ @number@ and @number@ for qq , qr , and rr phenotypes , respectively.
we estimated free hormones by mass action.
the prevalences were only modestly lower in men without prevalent chronic diseases.
objectives : to determine the durability of anabolic effects and adverse events ( aes ) after stopping testosterone and growth hormone supplementation in older men.
participants : a total of @number@ community-dwelling 65- to 90-year-old men.
results : despite improvements in body composition during treatment , residual benefits @number@ months later ( week @number@ ) were variable.
framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks were low ( ~14% ) , did not worsen and improved by week @number@ ( p = 0·0002 ) .
the axis recovered completely.
aes largely resolved after intervention discontinuation.
additional strategies may be needed to sustain or augment muscle mass and strength gains achieved during short-term hormone therapy.
adult stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.
mscs are also used as a platform for gene therapies and therapeutic agents.
emission tomography was performed under the suspicion of metastatic renal tumor and malignant lymphoma.
accumulation was observed in the mass but not in other regions.
the tumor size was about @number@ mm on ct @number@ months previously , indicating rapid enlargement.
based on these observations , a malignant renal tumor was diagnosed and laparoscopic left nephrectomy was performed.
pathologic examination revealed relatively large cells diffused within a background of many small lymphocytes and histiocytes.
the large cells were positive when tested by epstein-barr virus ( ebv ) -encoded rna in situ hybridization.
no clinically apparent immunodeficiency was observed , suggesting age-related ebv-associated lymphoproliferative disorder caused by an underlying age-related reduction in immunocompetence.
this is the first report of a kidney-localized case in japan.
these results show that health conditions of the liquidators became worse during the whole observation period.
a considerable development of both pathological states atypical of radiation damages and diseases , which may be considered as radiation-induced ones , was determined.
in @percent@ of liquidators the main disease was primarily detected after working on cnpp.
in the intervening years , the average number of diagnoses per @number@ liquidator increased from @number@ in @number@ to 7-8 in the recent time.
in addition to the detected diseases , particular functional shifts in neuropsychological and vegetative status of the liquidators were observed.
biological aged-related passportization in a definite part of liquidators elucidated an accelerated aging rate.
the studies were performed with the help of sf-36 inquirer and indicated that health status aggravation of the liquidators also affected their life satisfaction.
rhodiola rosea , growing in high altitude or cold regions of the world , has been reported to have anti-aging effects in drosophila.
these results indicate that the r. rosea extract and salidroside inhibit translation initiation.
furthermore , both the r. rosea extract and salidroside treatment of umuc3 cells caused a significant percentage of cells undergoing autophagy.
therefore , the r. rosea extract and salidroside deserve further study as novel agents for chemoprevention of bladder carcinogenesis.
results : responses were obtained from @number@ mds , @number@ phds , and @number@ nps.
a standard assessment instrument was used most frequently by phds ( @percent@ ) , but this generally assessed cognitive status rather than problem behaviors.
phds most frequently noted depression in residents.
use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions of mds and nps were similar.
phds reported least satisfaction with treatment.
ba and bmc values were expressed as a percentage of young-adult values to determine if and when values reached a plateau.
data were aligned on biological ages [ years from peak height velocity ( phv ) ] to control for maturity.
ls ba increased significantly from @number@ years from phv to @number@ years from phv , whereas ls bmc increased until @number@ from phv.
in summary , we provide strong evidence that ba plateaus @number@ to @number@ years earlier than bmc.
depending on the skeletal site , peak bone mass occurs by the end of the second or early in the third decade of life.
the data substantiate the importance of the circumpubertal years for accruing bone mineral.
unlabelled : telomere shortening impairs liver regeneration in mice and is associated with cirrhosis formation in humans with chronic liver disease.
in humans , telomerase mutations have been associated with familial diseases leading to bone marrow failure or lung fibrosis.
it is currently unknown whether telomerase mutations associate with cirrhosis induced by chronic liver disease.
telomere length was analyzed in patients carrying telomerase gene mutations.
functional defects of telomerase gene mutations were investigated in primary human fibroblasts and patient-derived lymphocytes.
cirrhosis patients with tert mutations showed shortened telomeres in white blood cells compared to control patients.
cirrhosis-associated telomerase mutations led to reduced telomerase activity and defects in maintaining telomere length and the replicative potential of primary cells in culture.
beyond that , igf-independent actions mediated by intracellular igfbp-3 including nuclear-igfbp-3 , have also been described.
igfbp-3 is internalized through a dynamin-dependent pathway , traffics through endocytic compartments and is finally delivered into the nucleus.
we observed docking of igfbp-3 containing structures to the nuclear envelope and found igfbp-3 containing dot-like structures to permeate the nuclear envelope.
in summary , our findings establish the pathway by which this tumor suppressor protein is delivered from extracellular space to the nucleus.
the elongated polyglutamine ( polyq ) stretch in the n-terminal region of htt leads to dysfunctional and degenerative events in neurons and peripheral tissues.
in session-1 , single trials covered a broad range of force-moment combinations.
a co-contraction index was computed reflecting the magnitude of moment produced by fingers acting against the required direction of the total moment.
this index was significantly higher in the young group.
the anio approach yielded a quadratic cost function with linear terms.
in session-2 , four force-moment combinations were used with multiple trials at each.
we interpret the results as pointing at a transition with age from synergic control to element-based control ( back-to-elements hypothesis ) .
optimization and analysis of synergies are complementary approaches that focus on two aspects of multidigit coordination , sharing and covariation , respectively.
cognition has already been considered as a component of frailty , and it has been demonstrated that it is associated with adverse health outcomes.
we evaluated @number@ individuals recruited from the italian longitudinal study on aging , a population-based sample of @number@ subjects , aged 65-84 years old.
a phenotype of frailty according to partially modified measurement of cardiovascular health study criteria was operationalized.
the overall prevalence of frailty syndrome in this population-based study was @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) @number@.55-8.57 ) .
frail individuals noncomorbid or nondisable were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , confirming an overlap but not concordance in the co-occurrence among these conditions.
frailty syndrome was a short-term predictor of disability in nondemented older subjects and short- and long-term predictor of all-cause mortality in nondemented and demented patients.
augmented cortical activity during repetitive grasping mitigates repetition-related decrease in cortical efficiency in young adults.
it is unclear if similar processes occur with healthy aging.
emg of the flexor digitorum superficialis and handgrip force were also recorded.
no changes in emg or mvc were observed across blocks for either group.
focal mrcp activity in response to repetitive grasping resulted in minimal changes ( i.e. block @number@ versus block @number@ ) in older adults.
central adaptive processes change across the lifespan , showing increasingly less focal activation in older adults during repetitive grasping.
our findings are consistent with previous paradigms demonstrating more diffuse cortical activation during motor tasks in older adults.
objectives : the aim of this research is to compare subjective and objective methods on the estimate of the consumption of sodium.
methods : this is a retrospective investigation along with secondary topics from the raw data base.
the objective method was the result of the urine excretion of hypertensive persons older than @number@ years during @number@ hours.
the topics were analyzed by the software spss using the spearman correlation.
conclusion : new studies possibly will elucidate the present results among the divergence faced with other studies.
data analysis was based on the signs , meanings , and actions model.
they mentioned medication as the main therapeutic measure , despite its adverse effects and low efficacy and the way it was prescribed by physicians.
background : whether human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection is a risk factor for heart failure ( hf ) is not clear.
the presence of coronary heart disease and alcohol consumption in this population may confound this association.
results : there were @number@ participants ( @percent@ hiv-infected ) enrolled in the vacs-vc who also participated in the @number@ lhs.
during the median @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ incident hf events occurred.
conclusions : our data suggest that hiv infection is a risk factor for hf.
ongoing viral replication is associated with a higher risk of developing hf.
the hiv-infected population in the united states is aging.
in contrast , african american race was significantly associated with the risk for several selected disorders and outcomes.
these results can assist in future prevention efforts among senior individuals with hiv infection.
objective : to introduce the multi-state markov model in studying the outcome prediction of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
age ( @number@ ) could influence the transition from the state of cognitive stability to slight deterioration.
higher education level was shown to be the protective factor for these transitions ( @number@ and @number@ ) .
transition intensity from state of slight deterioration to cognitive stability was @number@ times that of transition to severe deterioration.
conclusion : multi-state markov model was an effective tool in dealing with longitudinal data.
results : we observed that neither muscle development nor animal longevity was compromised in these transgenic animals.
however , human app expressing adults developed age-dependent defects in both climbing and flying.
muscles from transgenic animals did not display protein aggregates or structural abnormalities at the light or transmission electron microscopic levels.
purpose : to assess the relationship between the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula.
methods : cross-sectional , consecutive case study conducted at the university hospital of university of tokyo graduate school of medicine.
a total of @number@ patients aged from @number@ to @number@ years were enrolled.
patients were also divided into @number@ or @number@ age groups.
conclusion : this was the first assessment of the relation between the grade of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula in a large consecutive series of patients.
our results suggest that the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis are related to the presence of pinguecula.
progressive telomere shortening from cell division ( replicative aging ) provides a barrier for human tumor progression.
this program is not conserved in laboratory mice , which have longer telomeres and constitutive telomerase.
we examined telomeres / telomerase in cultured cells from > @number@ mammalian species to place different uses of telomeres in a broad mammalian context.
phylogeny-based statistical analysis reconstructed ancestral states.
we argue that the repressed telomerase was a response to a higher mutation load brought on by the evolution of homeothermy.
with telomerase repressed , we then see the evolution of replicative aging.
telomere length inversely correlated with lifespan , while telomerase expression co-evolved with body size.
multiple independent times smaller , shorter-lived species changed to having longer telomeres and expressing telomerase.
parathyroid hormone ( pth ) , when applied intermittently in vivo , has osteoanabolic effects in a variety of systems.
in this study , we compared pth signaling and osteoanabolic effects in hmscs from young and old subjects.
both knockdown of creb and treatment with a protein kinase a inhibitor h-89 blocked pth stimulation of osteoblast differentiation in hmscs from young subjects.
the pth peptides significantly stimulated proliferation of hmscs.
upregulation of pthr1 by 24-h pretreatment with @number@ nm dexamethasone rescued pth stimulation of proliferation in hmscs from elders.
in conclusion , age-related intrinsic alterations in signaling responses to osteoanabolic agents like pth may contribute to cellular and tissue aging of the human skeleton.
thus , the klotho protein might function as an anti-aging hormone in mammals.
recently , we reported that klotho recombinant protein attenuated apoptosis and cellular senescence in endothelial cells , but the mechanism remained unclear.
senescence was quantified by staining with senescence-associated β-galactosidase and by evaluating western blots probed for phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinases.
apoptosis was assayed on western probed for p53 , p21 , and caspase-3 and @number@
results : the klotho recombinant protein induced transient phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinases within a few minutes.
application of inhibitors of mitogen-activated kinases attenuated the ability of klotho to interfere with apoptosis and senescence in endothelial cells.
conclusion : this study demonstrated that klotho attenuated cellular apoptosis and senescence in vascular cells via mitogen-activated kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways.
results : cell and nucleus diameters , cell density and flim vary according to the epidermal cell depth and the skin site.
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ( nampt ) catalyzes the first reversible step in nad biosynthesis and nicotinamide ( nam ) salvage.
nampt provides the mechanism to replenish the nad pool in human metabolism.
nampt-mediated lifespan expansion has caused a focus on the catalytic mechanism , regulation and inhibition of nampt.
structural , mechanistic and inhibitor design all contribute to a developing but yet incomplete story of nampt function.
although the first generation of nampt inhibitors has entered clinical trials , disappointing outcomes suggest more powerful and specific inhibitors will be needed.
understanding the atp-linked mechanism of nampt and the catalytic site machinery may permit the design of improved nampt inhibitors as more efficient drugs against cancer.
nad and nadp are used reversibly in anabolic and catabolic reactions.
nad is necessary for cell survival in oxidative stress and dna damage.
nmnat also catalyzes the metabolic conversion of potent antitumor prodrugs like tiazofurin and benzamide riboside to their active forms which are analogs of nad.
nad synthase-nmnat acts as a chaperone to protect against neurodegeneration , injury-induced axonal degeneration and also correlates with dna synthesis during cell cycle.
since its activity is rather low in tumor cells it can be exploited as a source for therapeutic targeting.
this study examined whether motivational incentives modulate age-related perceptual deficits.
younger and older adults performed a perceptual discrimination task in which bicolored stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color.
the valent color was associated with either a positive or negative payoff , whereas the neutral color was not associated with a payoff.
effects of incentives on perceptual efficiency and response bias were estimated using the diffusion model ( ratcliff , @number@ ) .
perception of neutral stimuli showed age-related decline , whereas perception of valent stimuli , both positive and negative , showed no age difference.
this finding is interpreted in terms of preserved top-down control over the allocation of perceptual processing resources in healthy aging.
depressive symptoms and cognitive decline are associated in older age , but research is inconsistent about whether one condition influences the development of the other.
we examined the directionality of relations between depressive symptoms and perceptual speed using bivariate dual change score models.
assessments of depressive symptoms and perceptual speed were completed by @number@ nondemented older adults at baseline , and after @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
more depressive symptoms predicted subsequently stronger declines in perceptual speed over time lags of @number@ year.
there is also evidence that positivity effects may be restricted to stimuli with low relevance in old age.
perceived control plays an important role in shaping development throughout adulthood and old age.
the effect for mortality , but not for disability , was independent of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.
overall , we found very limited support for age-differential associations.
recent studies have demonstrated that young adults can voluntarily suppress information from memory when directed to.
experiments @number@ through @number@ demonstrate that both age groups can suppress words that are emotional ( positive or negative valence ) or neutral.
positive and distressed affect were only modestly correlated ( r = @number@ ) .
positive affect was low on waking and peaked in the early evening , while distressed affect decreased progressively over the day.
the diurnal variation in positive affect was greater in participants < 65 years compared with older individuals.
depressed individuals experienced lower positive affect throughout the day , while differences in distressed affect were more pronounced in the morning.
odor identification was measured via a mailed survey.
cognitive performance was assessed in up to @number@ waves of in-person testing covering a period of @number@ years.
a main effect of apoe on rates of decline after age @number@ was found for verbal , spatial , and speed factors.
when examined at the same age , later born cohorts are often cognitively and physically fitter than earlier born cohorts.
our models covary for several individual and cohort differences in central indicators of life expectancy , education , health , and gender.
in contrast , mortality-related models provide limited support for positive cohort differences.
the later born cohort showed steeper mortality-related declines.
statistically significant differences of the cip speed were found in all age groups of the investigated persons with different levels of fnmp.
the correlation proved the reliable relationships between investigated variables.
the general age-related conformities in forming cip and fmnp were established favoring the genetically determined program for development of these nervous system properties.
despite an increase of bleeding risk with aging , the efficacy of oat in stroke prevention is maintained also in elderly patients.
recent findings have revealed age-related changes in neural recruitment during the processing of emotional information.
the opposite pattern was observed for words.
humans ' experience of emotion and comprehension of affective cues varies substantially across the lifespan.
work in cognitive and affective neuroscience has begun to characterize behavioral and neural responses to emotional cues that systematically change with age.
human studies are reviewed concerning whether \ "aging \ "-related mechanisms contribute to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
ad is defined by specific neuropathology : neuritic amyloid plaques and neocortical neurofibrillary tangles.
ad pathology is driven by genetic factors related not to aging per se , but instead to the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
the epidemiology of ad in advanced age is highly relevant but deceptively challenging to address given the low autopsy rates in most countries.
many distinct brain diseases other than ad afflict older human brains and contribute to cognitive impairment.
additional prevalent pathologies include cerebrovascular disease and hippocampal sclerosis , both high-morbidity brain diseases that appear to peak in incidence later than ad chronologically.
additional aging-associated mechanisms for cognitive decline such as diabetes and synapse loss have been linked to ad and these hypotheses are discussed.
criteria are proposed to define an \ "aging-linked \ " disease , and ad fails all of these criteria.
objective : to evaluate the influence of different cement combinations on coronal microleakage in restored endodontically treated teeth using dye penetration.
a toolmaker's microscope ( mitutoyo ) was used to measure ( um ) dye penetration.
the kruskal-wallis nonparametric test was used to determine intergroup difference.
results : dye staining was evident to some degree in all specimens.
the accumulation of senescent stromal cells in aging tissue changes the local microenvironment from normal to a state similar to chronic inflammation.
this inflammatory microenvironment can stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells containing dna mutations which can ultimately lead to cancer.
these data indicate that in addition to promoting epithelial tumor growth , senescent fibroblasts also can promote carcinogenic initiation.
sun-protected skin on the lower back of geriatric human volunteers was wounded by dermabrasion and the skin was allowed to heal for three months.
therefore , dermal rejuvenation therapies may play a significant role in preventing the initiation of skin cancer in geriatric patients.
the aging of t cell memory is often considered in terms of senescence , a process viewed as decay and loss of memory t cells.
although the repertoires show broadly similar clonotype distributions , the number of observable clonotypes decreases significantly.
this decrease disproportionally affects low-frequency clonotypes.
rank frequency analysis shows the same two-component clonotype distribution described earlier for these repertoires.
the first component includes lower frequency clonotypes for which distribution can be described by a power law.
the slope of this first component is significantly steeper in the older cohort.
generating a representative repertoire for each healthy cohort allowed agent-based modeling of the aging process.
interestingly , simple senescence of middle-aged repertoires is insufficient to describe the older clonotype distribution.
rather , a selective clonotype expansion must be included to achieve the best fit.
we propose that responses to periodic virus exposure may drive such expansion , ensuring that the remaining clonotypes are optimized for continued protection.
objective : octogenarians were excluded from participation in many carotid endarterectomy trials due to the high complication rates observed in past studies.
however , stroke resulting from carotid stenosis is expected to increase with the aging population.
moreover , advances in carotid angioplasty and stenting ( cas ) techniques have resulted in perceived improved safety of this procedure.
we sought to review our experience with carotid stenting in symptomatic octogenarians with an emphasis on short-term outcomes and complications.
methods : this is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of all symptomatic patients who underwent cas in our center between @number@ and @number@
thirty-day stroke and death rates , and length of hospitalization were compared between the symptomatic octogenarians and non-octogenarians.
results : a total of @number@ procedures were performed on @number@ symptomatic patients ( @number@ females ) .
fifty-nine patients ( @number@ females ) were octogenarians.
the median ( interquartile range ) age on procedure date for the octogenarian cohort was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
periprocedural death occurred in two ( @percent@ ) octogenarians and five ( @percent@ ) non-octogenarians ( p = @number@ ) .
the mean hospital stay ( @number@ days ) was not different between the two cohorts.
age was not a predictor of the 30-day risk of composite stroke or death.
conclusion : the complications rate observed in octogenarians was not significantly higher than non-octogenarians.
our findings suggest that octogenarians should be included in randomized trials examining cas to better define the risk-benefit profile of this procedure in the elderly.
abnormal protein phosphorylation has been associated with several human diseases including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
one of the characteristic hallmarks of ad is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles , composed of microtubule-associated , abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
however , several others proteins showed altered phosphorylation levels in ad suggesting that deregulated phosphorylation may contribute to ad pathogenesis.
phosphoproteomics has recently gained attention as a valuable approach to analyze protein phosphorylation , both in a quantitative and a qualitative way.
significant changes were found for @number@ proteins involved in crucial neuronal process such as energy metabolism or signal transduction.
these phosphoproteome data may provide new clues to better understand molecular pathways that are deregulated in the pathogenesis and progression of ad.
elderly individuals display a rapid age-related increase in intraindividual variability ( iiv ) of their performances.
this phenomenon could reflect subtle changes in frontal lobe integrity.
however , structural studies in this field are still missing.
in contrast , axial diffusion ( ad ) and grey matter ( gm ) densities did not show any significant correlation with iiv.
in multivariate models , only fa has an age-independent effect on iiv.
these results revealed that wm but not gm changes partly mediated the age-related increase of iiv.
background : facial \ "rejuvenation \ " procedures make an implicit claim to provide a more youthful appearance.
however , any benefit from such procedures has not been objectively evaluated and validated.
this study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of facial rejuvenation using a deep-plane facelift and other cosmetic procedures.
methods : seventy-five patients were included in the study - @number@ consecutive patients who met the study criteria and four controls.
inclusion criteria included at least @number@ months ' follow-up , standardized photos with no makeup or jewelry , and no subsequent cosmetic procedures.
simultaneous procedures included submental lipectomy , fat injection , laser skin resurfacing , blepharoplasty , endoscopic forehead lift , and chin / jowl augmentation.
photographs were judged by @number@ independent members of the public who were asked to rate apparent age.
the average reduction in apparent age after a facelift alone was @number@ years.
laser resurfacing provided @number@ years of apparent age reduction ( p < @number@ ) .
eyelid surgery and an endoscopic forehead lift each contributed a 2-year reduction in apparent age ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no significant difference when patients were compared by gender , age , body mass index , or facial shape.
facelift , laser resurfacing , blepharoplasty , and endoscopic forehead lift all significantly contribute to a reduction in apparent age.
physical exercise and fitness have been proposed as potential factors that promote healthy cognitive aging.
support for this hypothesis has come from cross sectional , longitudinal , and intervention studies.
in the present review , we discuss several methodological problems that limit the conclusions of many studies.
a number of factors could mediate the exercise-cognition association , including depression , and social or cognitive stimulation.
the complex interactions among these @number@ factors and the potential impact of exercise on cognition remain to be systematically studied.
at this time , the best prescription for lifestyle interventions for healthy cognitive aging would be sustained physical , social , and mental activities.
what remains unknown is which type of activity might be most useful , and whether everyone benefits similarly from the same interventions.
finally , incubation of cells with pd-l1-neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased apoptosis of aβ-specific cd4 ( + ) t lymphocytes.
an impairment of the pd-l1 / pd1 pathway is present in ad and mci.
this fdg-pet study investigates whether metabolic deficits in nl mh are associated with advancing maternal age at birth.
ninety-six nl individuals with fdg-pet were examined , including @number@ mh , @number@ ph , and @number@ nh.
regional-to-whole brain gray matter standardized fdg uptake value ratios were examined for associations with parental age across groups using automated regions-of-interest and statistical parametric mapping.
groups were comparable for clinical and neuropsychological measures.
there were no associations between paternal age and metabolism in any group.
evidence for a maternally inherited , maternal age-related mechanism provides further insight on risk factors and genetic transmission in late-onset ad.
the data of the research was collected using a questionnaire that determined the descriptive and ucla loneliness scale ( ucla-ls ) .
mean score of the ucla-ls was determined as @number@ ± @number@
it was determined that @percent@ of the elderly adl were completely dependent , @percent@ were semi-dependent.
elderly people who are alone and dependent in fulfilling their adl should be monitored more closely.
for the first time the present study examines how soc competencies and depressive symptoms are associated.
in particular , potential state or trait effects of soc competencies are considered.
for comparison purpose , data from a population based survey in germany were used.
conclusions : these findings support the hypothesis that the soc ability is dynamic and mood dependent ( state effect ) .
caveolin-1 expression is diminished in pboo-induced bsm hypertrophy in mice and in men with bph.
furthermore , caveolin-1 expression levels inversely correlate with the abundance of gata-6 in bsm hypertrophy in mice and human beings.
silencing of gata6 gene expression up-regulates caveolin-1 expression , whereas overexpression of gata-6 protein sustains the transcriptional repression of caveolin-1 in bladder smooth muscle cells.
together , these data suggest that gata-6 acts as a transcriptional repressor of cav1 gene expression in pboo-induced bsm hypertrophy in men and mice.
3-nitrotyrosine ( 3nt ) is an oxidative posttranslational modification associated with many diseases.
determining the specific sites of this modification remains a challenge due to the low stoichiometry of 3nt modifications in biological samples.
multiphoton tomography for in vivo high-resolution multidimensional imaging has been used in clinical investigations and small animal studies.
more than @number@ patients and volunteers in europe , australia , and asia have been investigated with these unique tomographs.
these diverse applications highlight the capacity for multiphoton tomography and femtosecond laser nanoprocessing tools to advance drug delivery research.
we present criteria for all-cause dementia and for ad dementia.
we retained the general framework of probable ad dementia from the @number@ criteria.
on the basis of the past @number@ years of experience , we made several changes in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis.
we also retained the term possible ad dementia , but redefined it in a manner more focused than before.
biomarker evidence was also integrated into the diagnostic formulations for probable and possible ad dementia for use in research settings.
much work lies ahead for validating the biomarker diagnosis of ad dementia.
the second set of criteria incorporate the use of biomarkers based on imaging and cerebrospinal fluid measures.
considerable work is needed to validate the criteria that use biomarkers and to standardize biomarker analysis for use in community settings.
the pathophysiological process of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is thought to begin many years before the diagnosis of ad dementia.
these recommendations are solely intended for research purposes and do not have any clinical implications at this time.
background : criteria for the clinical diagnosis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) were established in @number@
a broad consensus now exists that these criteria should be revised to incorporate state-of-the-art scientific knowledge.
there was a broad consensus within all three workgroups that much additional work is needed to validate the application of biomarkers for diagnostic purposes.
conclusions : the new criteria for ad are presented in three documents.
the core clinical criteria of the recommendations regarding ad dementia and mci due to ad are intended to guide diagnosis in the clinical setting.
however , the recommendations of the preclinical ad workgroup are intended purely for research purposes.
we examined effects across two levels of spatial scale : the census tract and block group.
results varied across levels of spatial scale.
simple changes in urban built environments may facilitate the full participation of all persons in society.
also , signs of liver distress which accompany metal dysmetabolisms have been shown to be linked to ad.
also tf was lower and ferritin higher in ad.
this picture was found neither in h63d non-carrier patients , nor in healthy controls.
here , we focus on recent progress in the use of small molecules in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
european comparisons suggest , however , that our system could be made more efficient without undermining public health.
the national health insurance system allows each member of the population to receive high-quality medical care.
practitioners have near-total freedom of prescription and practice.
medical care contributes to the ongoing increase in life expectancy , which is currently @number@ years and second only to japan.
healthcare is also a source of a million jobs.
many ineffective measures have been implemented , such as tarification according to activity , and hospital certification.
health spending is also increased unnecessarily by bureaucratisation of healthcare spending and the transfer of professionals to posts for which they are not qualified.
some controversial medical prescriptions are not adequately controlled by the health service.
many reforms are based on over-optimistic economic predictions that fail to take related overheads into account.
lobbying by special interests groups undermines reform and the public interest.
too many independent administrative bodies have been created , and many are less efficient than the public structures they replaced.
in sum , the french national health insurance system has become less and less efficient over the years.
the fhbm was determined to represent a 53-59 yo mid-sized male.
the aforementioned aging functions were used to develop fe models representing two additional ages : @number@ and @number@ yo.
the rib model was validated against human rib specimens and whole rib tests , under different loading conditions , with and without modeled fracture.
in addition , the resulting three age-dependent models were validated by simulating cadaveric tests of blunt and sled impacts.
the responses of the models , in general , were within the cadaveric response corridors.
all the other responses , but one , were within two standard deviations.
adult stem cells are known to have a finite replication potential.
upon insulin stimulation , glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis increased but as the cellular proliferative capacity became gradually exhausted , the response dropped concomitantly.
palmitic acid incorporation into lipids in myotubes decreased with passage number and could be explained by reduced incorporation into diacyl- and triacylglycerols.
the levels of long-chain acyl-coa esters decreased with increased passage number.
late-passage , non-proliferating , myoblast cultures showed strong senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity indicating that the observed metabolic defects accompany the induction of a senescent state.
the main function of scs is regeneration and skeletal muscle-build up.
the development of a unified conceptual framework for the field of biogerontology has been impeded by confusing and misleading terminology.
an organismal perspective is then used to examine the relationships between reproduction , lifespan regulation and senescence.
routine nuclear cardiology examinations indicate heart rate , cardiac rhythm , the height of cardiac pulse and respiration rhythm.
related old theories and suggestions are mentioned.
furthermore , some drugs like i-f channel antagonists and stress tests testing cardiac reserves could support such a study.
haplo-insufficiency of the bhlh ( basic helix-loop-helix ) transcription factor single-minded @number@ ( sim1 ) causes severe obesity in mice and humans.
we hypothesized that common genetic variations in / near sim1 could exert more subtle effects on its function and associate with human adiposity.
the effects of rs3734355 / 4 on sim1 activity were tested using an in vitro reporter assay.
we replicated previous observations that homozygosity for the 371val allele was associated with higher bmi in white males ( p = @number@ ) .
in vitro , the 352thr-371val haplotype impaired sim1 transcriptional activity by @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
our findings implicate heritable defects of the sim1-arnt2 axis in the predisposition to human obesity.
at the same time , innovations in predictive health offer a pathway to reduce disease burden by preventing and mitigating the development of disease.
established in @number@ the center is a clinical laboratory for testing the validity and utility of a health-focused rather than disease-focused care setting.
concurrent evaluation allows the prospective exploration of the complex interactions among health determinants as well as the comparative effectiveness of novel biomarkers in predicting health.
central to the center is a cohort study of randomly selected university employees.
after the patient protection and affordable care act is fully implemented , medicaid will be the largest single health care payer in the united states.
in a recessionary environment with reduced revenue , state medicaid programs operate under a fixed or shrinking budget.
the academic medicine community must play an expanded role in filling evidence gaps in order to continuously improve health policy making among u.s. states.
we confirmed , using electron spin resonance , that p-ncp directly inhibited ho ( • ) and ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) .
furthermore , addition of p-ncp to fibroblasts inhibited cell death induced by uva ( 400-315 nm ) irradiation in a dose-dependent manner.
we found that gly , hyp , glu , and ala directly scavenged ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) .
it was suggested that p-ncp can inhibit photo-aging related to ros owing to its antioxidant effects.
risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) is shifting from the relative risk to an absolute risk approach.
the ltr estimation is important because it could be more easily comprehended by clinicians and patients.
the reported ltr of stroke and ami for middle-aged adults is substantial.
the observed probabilities illustrated that approximately @number@ in @number@ men and women of middle age will suffer from a stroke in their remaining lifetime.
this easily comprehended knowledge can be used as an important index to assist in public health education and planning.
background : this study aimed to investigate the impact of aging on electrophysiological characteristics in patients with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia ( avnrt ) .
methods and results : the @number@ patients who underwent an electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ( rf ) catheter ablation of avnrt were enrolled.
the gender distribution differed with age.
however , a paradoxical change in the fast pathway erp was noted.
the fast pathway erp was significantly longer in group @number@ than in other groups , and was associated with the largest tachycardia window.
the response to catecholamines was similar between different age groups.
procedure time , radiation time , and complications did not differ.
conclusions : paradoxical aging changes of avn electrophysiological characteristics were associated with a different atrioventricular nodal conduction property and the number of rf impulses.
in normal cells , telomeres shorten each time a cell divides ultimately resulting in cell senescence.
alt cells are characterized by heterogeneous telomeres and the presence of extrachromosomal circular double-stranded dna molecules containing telomeric repeat sequences.
these findings demonstrate that non homology-based processes contribute to the maintenance of t-circles and proliferation of alt cells.
objective : baastrup disease is characterized by the development of abnormal contact between adjacent spinous processes.
the clinical significance remains unresolved , a few studies showing baastrup disease as a cause of back pain.
materials and methods : the abdominopelvic ct scans of @number@ patients divided equally into seven age groups were retrospectively reviewed.
baastrup disease was judged present if there was close contact between adjacent spinous processes and if the apposing ends were sclerotic.
the presence of other degenerative changes , such as disk degeneration , spondylolisthesis , and facet osteoarthritis , at affected levels also was noted.
results : evidence of baastrup disease was found in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
a decade-on-decade increase in frequency was found with a peak of @percent@ among patients older than @number@ years.
baastrup disease was most common at l4-l5.
associated degenerative changes were found at almost all affected levels ( 899 / 901 ) .
conclusion : baastrup disease occurs with high frequency among the elderly.
our data show that it develops with increasing age and is part of the expected degenerative changes in the aging spine.
because of the nearly universal association with other degenerative changes , we urge caution before diagnosing baastrup disease as the cause of back pain.
background and purpose : in the brains of newborns , changes in signal intensity in most structures can be explained by the development of myelination.
however , there are some structures for which signal intensity changes cannot be accounted for by myelination alone.
materials and methods : we examined t1wi and t2wi obtained from @number@ neonates who showed normal development at their 2-year follow-up examinations.
results : with increasing postnatal age at examination , the high signal intensity on the t1wi for both stn and globus pallidus diminished.
for the t2wi , there was no correlation with either the postnatal age or the gestational age at examination.
methods : one hundred and five healthy subjects had median motor nerve excitability testing performed at the wrist using the automated threshold-tracking program , qtrac.
statistical linear regression was used to explore relationships between nerve excitability and the independent variables.
results : the main effect of age is a reduced superexcitability.
lesser effects are flattening of the normalized stimulus response curve and reduction in threshold change following strong hyperpolarizing currents.
bmi has no influence on nerve excitability data and does not explain sex-related differences in threshold.
conclusions : age and sex have few and small effects on excitability parameters.
significance : the expression of nodal kcnq channels appears to be greater in females.
age-related increases in subexcitability may be attributable to changes in the muscle fibre and not the nerve.
researchers frequently use the deep knee squat as a motor task in order to evaluate the kinematic performance after total knee arthroplasty.
many authors reported about the kinematics of a normal squatting motion , however , little is known on what the influence of aging is.
the influence of aging was evaluated with respect to kinematics of the trunk , hip , knee and ankle joints.
older subjects required significantly more time to perform a deep squat , especially during the descending phase.
they also had more knee abduction and delayed peak knee flexion.
older subjects were slower in descend than ascend during the squat.
older subjects also showed a trend towards more forward leaning of the trunk , resulting in increased hip flexion and anterior thoracic tilt.
age-matched control data are therefore required whenever the performance of an implant is evaluated during a deep knee squat.
twenty-four healthy volunteers completed 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution [ ( @number@ ) c ] raclopride pet scans.
the postpu , which belongs to the sensorimotor striatum , may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of age in young and middle-aged subjects.
as the french population is aging , a growing number of elderly patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis are going to require therapeutic management.
approximately @number@ to @percent@ of these patients do not undergo surgical treatment and a high proportion is considered to be at high risk for surgery.
recent studies have linked dopamine to differences in behavior and brain activity in normal individuals.
younger adults had a greater extent of frontal caudate functional connectivity during the load-dependent delay period of the working memory task than the older participants.
additionally , the extent of functional connectivity was positively correlated with working memory performance.
the association between pft and sppb abnormality was examined using multiple logistic regression analysis.
additionally , the associations of gait speed and chair stand time with fev1 and fvc were examined using multiple linear regression analysis.
five hundred and eighteen subjects were included in analysis.
approximately @percent@ ( 222 / 518 ) of the subjects were male and @percent@ ( 338 / 518 ) were @number@ years or older.
gait speed was significantly or marginally associated with fev1 and fvc in participants @number@ years or older , regardless of sex.
we conclude that abnormal sppb score was associated with abnormal pulmonary function.
thus , the sppb has the potential to be used as an early predictor of abnormal pulmonary function in clinical settings and epidemiological study.
microrna ( mir ) are small non-coding rnas that inhibit gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the @number@'utr of their target mrnas.
mirs modulate a variety of biological functions such as cell development , cell differentiation , and apoptosis.
moreover , several mirs involved in endothelial cell function have been identified.
methods and results : through a microarray approach , we have identified a mir-146a that is progressively modulated in endothelial cells with aging.
congenital hypothyroidism ( ch ) is the most common congenital endocrine disorder , accounting for up to 1 : 1500 newborns per year.
ch can be related to defects in either formation and migration of the thyroid gland ( dysgenesis ) or thyroid hormone synthesis.
the pathogenesis of dysgenetic ch is still largely unknown.
they are the principal elements generating the hydrogen peroxide needed for tpo function.
mutations in these genes have been associated to transient or permanent ch , with a high intra and interfamilial phenotypic variability.
some hypotheses have been drawn to explain the variability of the duox2 / a2 phenotype.
in the present paper , the genetic and clinical features of ch caused by defects in the peroxide generator system will be revised.
the pathogenesis of fibrosis involves multiple cell types and extracellular signals , of which transforming growth factor-ß ( tgf-ß ) is pre-eminent.
the prevalence of fibrosis is rising worldwide , and to date no agents has shown clinical efficacy in the attenuating or reversing the process.
recent studies implicate the immediate-early response transcription factor egr-1 in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
moreover egr-1 appears to be required for physiologic and pathological connective tissue remodeling , and egr-1-null mice are protected from fibrosis.
as a novel profibrotic mediator , egr-1 thus appears to be a promising potential target for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies.
oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.
one week following af64a administration the rats were evaluated for spatial memory , neuron density , acetylcholinesterase activity , and hippocampal lipid peroxidation products.
our results showed that rice berry could significantly prevent memory impairment and hippocampal neurodegeneration in hippocampus.
moreover , it also decreased hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation product formation.
these results suggest that rice berry has potential as an effective agent for neurodegeneration and memory impairment in alzheimer's disease.
these two v. teres biomarkers apparently contributed to stimulate respiratory functions in keratinocytes.
background : hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in the hospitalized elderly sick patients.
there is no existing record for profiling of symptomatic hyponatremia in elderly indian subjects.
objectives : to study clinical features and etiology of hyponatremia in elderly hospitalized patients.
results : @number@ patients with symptomatic hyponatremia ( serum sodium < = 125 mmol / l ) were studied.
the cns symptoms included drowsiness , lethargy , confusion , seizures and coma.
there was female preponderance of cases ( @percent@ ) .
the common co-morbid conditions were hypertension ( @percent@ ) and diabetes mellitus ( @percent@ ) .
females tolerated hyponatremia better than males with mortality of @percent@ in females and @percent@ in males ( p = @number@ ) .
the common cause of hyponatremia was siadh ( @number@ ) followed by drugs of which diuretics was the major contributor.
conclusion : hyponatremia was more common in females and they seemed to better tolerate it than their male counterparts.
diuretics should be used with caution in elderly.
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women.
hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension have not been completely elucidated.
however , various mechanisms have been implicated to play a role.
postmenopausal hypertension is likely multifactorial.
drugs acting on cardiovascular ( cv ) prevention are , by definition , interconnected with age-induced arterial changes.
however , this question has been poorly investigated along long-term treatment.
for each class , the total population was divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of the corresponding class.
non-invasive measurements included tonometry and pulse wave analysis.
objective : to estimate the duration of moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flushes and identify potential risk factors for hot flush duration.
methods : the penn ovarian aging study cohort was monitored for @number@ years.
hot flushes were evaluated at 9-month to 12-month intervals through in-person interviews.
the primary outcome was the duration of moderate-to-severe hot flushes estimated by survival analysis ( n = 259 ) .
potential risk factors included menopausal stage , age , race , reproductive hormone levels , body mass index ( bmi ) , and current smoking.
a secondary analysis included women who reported any hot flushes ( n = 349 ) .
results : the median duration of moderate-to-severe hot flushes was @number@ years and was strongly associated with menopausal stage at onset.
african american women had a longer duration of hot flushes than white women in adjusted analysis.
conclusion : the median duration of hot flushes considerably exceeded the timeframe that is generally accepted in clinical practice.
the older adult population is growing rapidly with various comorbidities for health care providers to consider.
additional treatments and procedures are often implemented to care for the aging adults with comorbidities.
this article provides examples of assessment tools to utilize while assessing the older adults.
increased awareness of the available options to aid in determining cognitive function of the older adults is paramount when obtaining informed consent.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is an intermediate state between normal aging and early dementia.
some mci patients show white matter hyperintensities in magnetic resonance imaging , revealing subcortical vascular damage ( svd ) .
this study aimed to evaluate potential attention deficits not previously described in these patients.
results : the svmci group showed smaller orienting effect compared with the nvmci and hc groups.
in contrast to the hc and nvmci groups , svmci patients did not show improvement in the executive network from the valid visual cue.
conclusions : svmci patients show a deficit in orienting attention networks.
unlabelled : nonablative lasers and nonlaser systems are newer systems used for skin rejuvenation , tightening , body sculpting , and scar remodeling.
devices : different technologies such as lasers , intense pulsed light ( ipl ) , and radiofrequency have been introduced.
most nonablative laser systems emit light within the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ( 1000-1500 nm ) .
at these wavelengths , absorption by superficial water containing tissue is relatively weak , thereby effecting deeper tissue penetration.
a detailed understanding of the device being used is recommended.
preoperative counseling and informed consent : the dermatologic consultation should include detailed assessment of the patient's skin condition and skin type.
an informed consent is mandatory to protect the rights of the patient as well as the practitioner.
all patients must have carefully taken preoperative and postoperative pictures.
anesthesia : these lasers are mostly pain-free and tolerated well by patients but may require topical anesthesia.
in most cases , topical cooling and numbing using icepacks is sufficient , even in an apprehensive patient.
proper postoperative care is important in avoiding complications.
post-treatment edema and redness settle in a few hours to a few days.
postoperative sun avoidance and use of sunscreen is mandatory.
introduction : fractional laser technology is a new emerging technology to improve scars , fine lines , dyspigmentation , striae and wrinkles.
the technique is easy , safe to use and has been used effectively for several clinical and cosmetic indications in indian skin.
devices : different fractional laser machines , with different wavelengths , both ablative and non-ablative , are now available in india.
a detailed understanding of the device being used is recommended.
indications : common indications include resurfacing for acne , chickenpox and surgical scars , periorbital and perioral wrinkles , photoageing changes , facial dyschromias.
the use of fractional lasers in stretch marks , melasma and other pigmentary conditions , dermatological conditions such as granuloma annulare has been reported.
but further data are needed before adopting them for routine use in such conditions.
physician qualification : any qualified dermatologist may administer fractional laser treatment.
facility : fractional lasers can be used in the dermatologist's minor procedure room for the above indications.
the patient should be provided brochures to study and also adequate opportunity to seek information.
a detailed consent form needs to be completed by the patient.
consent form should include information on the machine , possible postoperative course expected and postoperative complications.
preoperative photography should be carried out in all cases of resurfacing.
a close-up front and 45-degree lateral photographs of both sides must be taken.
laser parameters : there are different machines based on different technologies available.
choice parameters depend on the type of machine , location and type of lesion , and skin color.
physician needs to be familiar with these requirements before using the machine.
anesthesia : fractional laser treatment can be carried out under topical anesthesia with eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine.
some machines can be used without any anesthesia or only with topical cooling or cryospray.
but for maximal patient comfort , a topical anesthetic prior to the procedure is recommended.
postoperative care : proper postoperative care is important in avoiding complications.
post-treatment edema and redness settle in a few hours to a few days.
a sunscreen is mandatory , and emollients may be prescribed for the dryness and peeling that could occur.
the purpose of this study was to describe income-related inequalities in dental service utilization by the elderly populations residing in different european countries.
such differential utilization appears mainly attributable to inequalities in preventive dental visits , either alone or in combination with operative treatment.
persons ' oral health status explains substantial proportions of absolute but not of relative inequalities.
overall , there is considerable income-related inequality in dental service utilization by several elderly populations residing in europe.
more research is needed to identify the exact causes of such disparities.
objective : this study examines the role of environmental correlates of overweight and obesity among older adults independent of walking activity and lower body function.
regression analyses examined the association between body mass index ( bmi ) and environmental infrastructure features , adjusting for demographics and lower body function.
controlling for demographic and functional characteristics , access to services remained significant.
this association remained significant for those with lower functional status.
discussion : this research suggests that neighborhood environment may have an influence on bmi above and beyond walking activity.
objective : depressive symptoms and physical inactivity are health risks among minority older adults.
this study examined whether social support moderated the relationship of depressive symptoms to walking behavior among @number@ community-dwelling , hispanic older adults.
emotional and informational support did not moderate the depression to walking relationship.
conclusion : receiving too much instrumental support was related to sedentary behavior among depressed older adults.
pufa are hypothesized to influence bone health , but longitudinal studies on hip fracture risk are lacking.
no significant associations were observed among intakes of epa , dha , epa + dha , or fish.
these findings suggest dietary ala may reduce hip fracture risk in women and men and dietary aa may reduce hip fracture risk in men.
the shunt tube and the surrounding fibrocalcified band were removed , and the patient's torticollis resolved completely without recurrence.
to our knowledge this is the first report of this vp shunt complication.
background : aging is associated with thymus involution leading to a reduction in naive t cells and to an accumulation of effector-memory cells.
apoptosis is a key mechanism to clear the immune system from activated and harmful cells.
in asthma the stimulation of t cells by environmental antigens can decrease naive cells and sustain activated cells.
results : serum ige was increased in allergic patients ( p = 0.0001 ) .
asthmatics presented an increase in cd4 cells ( p < 0.05 ) .
cd45ra was significantly decreased in elderly individuals ( p < 0.05 ) and this decrease was higher in asthmatics ( p < 0.05 ) .
cd29 was increased in elderly healthy individuals compared to the control young group ( p = 0.0001 ) .
a negative correlation between cd29 and cd45ra ( p < 0.05 ) was observed.
cd95 lymphocytes increased in elderly ( p = 0.0001 ) and a positive correlation between age and cd95 ( p < 0.05 ) was found.
asthmatic patients showed significant decreases in cd95 ( p = 0.
@number@ ) .
the reduction of apoptosis markers can promote the persistence of activated cells involved in chronic conditions.
subjects were grouped based on a hypothetical construct correlating pathological features with padw stages.
many cognitively intact individuals were classifiable as pad ( 53 / 126 or @percent@ ) , as expected based on epidemiological and biomarker studies.
of these , most ( @percent@ ) were in \ "stage 3 \ " , which corresponds to amyloid pathology with early neurodegeneration.
fuelled by new sequencing technologies , epigenome mapping projects are revealing epigenomic variation at all levels of biological complexity , from species to cells.
comparisons of methylation profiles among species reveal evolutionary conservation of gene body methylation patterns , pointing to the fundamental role of epigenomes in gene regulation.
at the organismal level , comparisons of epigenomes from diverse cell types provide insights into cellular differentiation.
finally , comparisons of epigenomes from monozygotic twins help dissect genetic and environmental influences on human phenotypes and longitudinal comparisons reveal aging-associated epigenomic drift.
thus , the misregulation and / or mutation of fox genes often induce human genetic diseases , promote cancer or deregulate ageing.
indeed , germinal fox gene mutations cause diseases ranging from infertility to language and / or speech disorders and immunological defects.
fox proteins have undergone diversification in terms of their sequence , regulation and function.
in addition to dedicated roles , evidence suggests that forkhead factors have retained some functional redundancy.
thus , combinations of slightly defective alleles might induce disease phenotypes in humans , acting as quantitative trait loci.
uncovering such variants would be a big step towards understanding the functional interdependencies of different fox members and their implications in complex pathologies.
linkage studies point to the long arm of chromosome @number@ being a susceptibility region for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
for replication , we used a more heterogeneous case-control sample from milano with early and late ad.
when combining both vita- and milano study rs3810950 was significantly associated with ad ( p ( combined ) = @number@ power = @percent@ ) .
applying benjamini and hochberg correction these associations could not be confirmed and also not be replicated in the more heterogeneous milano sample.
the effects of density gradient centrifugation and aging of males on crem promoter methylation were also investigated.
design : experimental research study.
setting : university andrology and research laboratory.
intervention ( s ) : the cpg methyaltion pattern of the promoter of crem was examined using pyrosequencing.
main outcome measure ( s ) : the percentage of methylation of @number@ cpgs in the crem promoter was compared between patients and fertile controls.
sperm concentration , sperm motility , and normal head morphology were negatively correlated with the amount of cpg methylation.
sperm selected from the @percent@ gradient fraction exhibited less methylation than sperm from the @percent@ fraction.
conclusion ( s ) : patients with two types of male factor infertility display an increased abnormal methylation of crem compared with control subjects.
increased methylation is associated with decreased semen quality , and sperm selected by density gradient centrifugation have less methylation.
further research is necessary to investigate whether epimutations can be found on other nonimprinted gene promoters as well.
limited data are available on canadians ' current advance planning activities.
we conducted a postal survey to estimate the frequency with which canadians communicate their preferences about health care and research should they become incapacitated.
having been advised to communicate wishes was a strong predictor of the likelihood of having done so.
conclusions : advance planning has increased over the last @number@ decades in canada.
nonetheless , further efforts are needed to encourage canadians to voice their health care and research preferences in the event of incapacity.
physicians are well situated to promote advance planning to canadians.
we tested the hypothesis that combinations of motor constructs more strongly predict adverse health outcomes in older people.
disability and cognitive status were assessed annually.
however , when considered together , combinations of these constructs more strongly predicted adverse health outcomes.
conclusions : physical frailty , parkinsonian signs score and global motor score are related constructs that capture different aspects of motor function.
assessments using several motor constructs may more accurately identify people at the highest risk of adverse health consequences in old age.
background : frailty in individuals can be operationalized as the accumulation of health deficits , for which several trends have been observed in western countries.
less is known about deficit accumulation in china , the country with the world's largest number of older adults.
a dose-response relationship was observed as frailty increased.
unlabelled : what's known on the subject ? and what does the study add ?
estimates of prostate cancer cases are often based solely on changes in the age distribution of the population or on historical trends.
this study also incorporates changes in screening prevalence , sensitivity screening maneuvers and lowering threshold for biopsies.
objective : • to estimate the magnitude of increase in prostate cancer cases diagnosed in canada by the year @number@
we evaluated the age dependence of the optical-reflection characteristics of the surface and subsurface facial skin layers of three age groups.
surface and subsurface reflection components were extracted by means of an image-processing technique.
in addition to the reflection characteristics , skin hydration , the melanin index , and the hemoglobin index were also measured.
results : significant age-dependent changes were found in the evenness of the surface reflection and in the intensity of the subsurface reflection.
in contrast , no difference was observed in the intensity of the surface reflection or in the evenness of the subsurface reflection.
conclusion : surface and subsurface reflection characteristics show age-dependent changes.
younger skin has a greater subsurface reflectivity and a more even surface reflectivity.
background / objectives : previous studies have demonstrated that sun-induced alteration of epidermal permeability barrier function varies with gender and age.
in the present study , we assess the stratum corneum ( sc ) hydration in sun-exposed males and females.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) aged 19-75 years were enrolled.
a multifunctional skin physiology monitor was used to measure sc hydration.
sc hydration on the canthus of both aged males and aged females is significantly lower than that of young subjects.
additionally , sc hydration on the dorsal hand of aged females is also significantly lower as compared with young females.
sun-induced reduction of sc hydration is more evident on the dorsal hand of aged females than that of males ( p < 0.001 ) .
moreover , the sc rehydration capacity is significantly lower in sun-exposed aged females than in age-matched males.
conclusion : these results demonstrated that sun-induced changes of the sc hydration property vary with age and gender.
polyphenols are ubiquitous compounds present in the vegetal kingdom and endowed with an array of beneficial activities to human health.
in the present contribution , the data are quantitatively analyzed based on the theoretical model of the electrokinetics of soft particles.
as a result , information is obtained on both the thickness and the charge density of the surrounding layer.
it is shown that igf-1 adsorbs onto the surface of citrate-coated magnetite nanoparticles , and adsorption is confirmed by dot-blot analysis.
aging effects are demonstrated , providing an electrokinetic fingerprint of changes in adsorbed protein configuration with time.
verbal transformations are illusory changes that arise from listening to a spoken word repeated over and over for a prolonged period of time.
past research has yielded some evidence of age differences in participants ' reports of verbal transformations.
there was no evidence that participant characteristics other than age accounted for reports of illusory changes.
in contrast , both age groups were sensitive to the size of the neighborhood of similar-sounding words.
these findings are discussed regarding the transmission deficit hypothesis ( mackay & burke , @number@ ) .
although stem cell research is a rather new field in modern medicine , media soon popularized it.
the reason for this hype lies in the potential of stem cells to drastically increase quality of life through repairing aging and diseased organs.
nevertheless , the essence of stem cell research is to understand how tissues are maintained during adult life.
in this article , we summarize the various types of stem cells and their differentiation potential in vivo and in vitro.
we review current clinical applications of stem cells and highlight problems encountered when going from animal studies to clinical practice.
furthermore , we describe the current state of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and applications for disease modelling and cell replacement therapy.
the clinical implications of enlarged early cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy remain unknown.
giant somatosensory evoked potentials were observed in @number@ of the @number@ patients.
a secondary objective is to use this index to examine gender and socioeconomic differentials in the health status of older people.
information from three observer-measured and three self-reported health indicators was combined , using a latent variable modeling approach.
a model that decomposed the manifest health indicators to valid health , systematic error , and random error was found to fit the data best.
the latent health dimension represented somatic health , and was tested against three external criteria : height , waist-hip ratio , and smoking status.
as expected , results showed that women had worse health than men and that socioeconomic advantage is associated with better somatic health.
a secondary aim was to characterize the global and regional progression of wmh.
the total wmh volume increased @number@ ± @number@ ml / year , mainly through enlargement.
significant wmh increases were observed in all selected regions , particularly within the corona radiata.
the scc-∆wmh was more than five times larger in the cr-decline group compared to the no-decline group ( p = @number@ ) .
human tendon mechanical properties are modified with loading.
moreover , there are indications that the training response in the tendon is gender specific.
we also aimed to identify which endocrine pathway underlies the responses.
maximal knee extensor forces were also monitored to determine the training effect on muscle function.
we show here that with training , in vivo older females ' tendon is less dramatically modulated than that of males'.
we thus propose that both training and rehabilitation regimens should consider gender-specific tendon responsiveness , at least in older persons.
insight into the molecular mechanism of complex diseases is an important topic in the current bio-medical research.
however , different from the single-gene disorders , high heterogeneity of many of the complex diseases prevents scientists from the exact understanding of the etiology.
we constructed a mds disease gene network which suggests the network basis of the heterogeneity of mdss.
the pipeline we proposed and the implication the results suggest may be helpful in the research of other complex diseases.
human sirtuin @number@ is a member of the histone deacetylase family and is involved in cellular aging , tumourigenesis and cellular metabolism.
recombinant sirtuin @number@ comprising residues 140-747 was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method.
objective : to identify the range of glycemic levels associated with the lowest rates of complications and mortality in older diabetic patients.
results : the cohort ( aged @number@ ± @number@ years [ means ± sd ] ) had a mean a1c of @number@ ± @percent@.
mortality had a u-shaped relationship with a1c.
risk of any end point ( complication or death ) became significantly higher at a1c ≥8.0%.
patterns generally were consistent across age-groups ( 60-69 , 70-79 , and ≥80 years ) .
additional research is needed to evaluate the low a1c-mortality relationship , as well as protocols for individualizing diabetes care.
aging is not a uniform process.
this paradox is even more striking in people with schizophrenia.
remarkably , psychosocial function improves with age , with diminished psychotic symptoms , reduced psychiatric relapses requiring hospitalization and better self-management.
many older adults with schizophrenia successfully adapt to the illness , with increased use of positive coping techniques , enhanced self-esteem and increased social support.
although complete remission is uncommon , most individuals with schizophrenia experience significant improvement in their quality of well-being.
cohort effect and survivor bias may provide a partial explanation for this phenomenon.
however , the improvement also may reflect some brain changes that are beneficial for the course of schizophrenia along with neuroplasticity of aging.
the proposed hypothesis has several implications.
at the same time , effective psychotherapeutic interventions can affect brain structure and function and produce lasting positive behavioral changes in aging adults with schizophrenia.
we tested whether the tumor suppressor protein p53 ( encoded by trp53 ) affected this phenotype.
deletion of trp53 rescued the acvr1 ( cko ) cell death phenotype in embryos and reduced acvr1-dependent apoptosis in postnatal lenses.
however , deletion of trp53 alone increased the number of fiber cells that failed to withdraw from the cell cycle.
cells from human posterior subcapsular cataracts had morphological and molecular characteristics similar to the cells at the posterior of mouse lenses lacking trp53.
acvr1 acts as a tumor suppressor in the lens.
enhancing p53 function in the lens could contribute to the prevention of steroid- and radiation-induced posterior subcapsular cataracts.
their origin and function are unknown.
during fetal development , blood vessels penetrate deep within the af and recede during postnatal growth.
we hypothesized that cross bridges are the pathways left by these receding blood vessels.
initially , the presence of cross bridges was confirmed in cadaveric human discs aged @number@ and @number@ years.
mid-sagittal sections were immunostained for endothelial cell marker pecam-1.
cross bridges were first observed at @number@ days fetal gestation.
the overall number peaked in neonates then remained relatively unchanged.
the percentage of pecam-1 positive cross bridges declined progressively from almost @percent@ at @number@ days gestation to less than @percent@ in adults.
cross bridge penetration depth peaked in neonates then remained unchanged at subsequent ages.
depth of pecam-1 positive cross bridges decreased progressively after birth.
findings were similar for both the anterior and posterior.
the af lamellar architecture is established early in development.
it later becomes disrupted as a consequence of vascularization.
blood vessels then recede , perhaps due to increasing mechanical stresses in the surrounding matrix.
in this study we present evidence that the pathways left by receding blood vessels remain as lamellar cross bridges.
synthetic soluble aβ oligomers are often used as a surrogate for biologic material in a number of model systems.
separating oligomers from monomeric peptide by size exclusion chromatography produced effects at peptide concentrations approaching physiologic levels ( 10-100 nm ) .
this effect was comparable for biological and synthetic peptide in both cell types.
monomeric aβ attenuated the effect of soluble oligomers.
this study suggests that the activities of biological and synthetic oligomers are indistinguishable during early stages of aβ oligomer-cell interaction.
numerous studies have shown that alcohol intake causes neuropsychological disorders that affect various brain structures.
the «premature ageing» hypothesis proposes that the brain areas of alcoholics undergo deterioration similar to that observed in old age.
we investigated whether alcohol abuse by young people ( binge drinking ) causes alterations comparable to some found in elderly people.
all of them were assessed with a neuropsychological battery.
the tasks that young drinkers performed worse were those related to executive functions , in which the prefrontal cortex plays an essential role.
many elderly have mild physical disorders.
it is difficult to differentiate between the physiological symptoms of ageing and disorders in the elderly patient.
many disorders present as non-specific signs or symptoms in the elderly.
however , the level of these proteins has not been examined during ageing or in young individuals with short smoking histories.
results : plasma levels of sp-a increased with age and in the older group in relation to smoking and copd.
plasma sp-d and mmp-9 levels did not change with age but were elevated in os and copd as compared to ons.
the timp-1 level declined with age but increased in chronic smokers when compared to ons.
the clearest correlations could be detected between plasma sp-a vs. age , pack years and fev1 / fvc.
purpose : in ontario , stroke patients with relatively mild functional deficits are admitted to inpatient rehabilitation programmes.
despite apparently minor impairments , many of these patients remain in rehabilitation for prolonged periods of time.
data from the national rehabilitation reporting system and chart review were used.
associations with los were examined among @number@ potential predictor variables using bivariate correlations.
significantly correlated ( p < 0.002 ) variables were entered into a multiple linear regression.
results : twenty-four percent ( n = @number@ ) of patients admitted during the study period were identified as presenting with mild functional deficits.
the regression model , which included all eight variables , explained @percent@ of the variance associated with los ( r = @number@ ) .
sulfatide is a major component of glycosphingolipids in lipoproteins.
recently , we reported that a low serum level of sulfatide in hemodialysis patients might be related to the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
however , the serum kinetics of sulfatide in kidney disease patients and the function of endogenous serum sulfatide are still unclear.
to obtain novel knowledge concerning these issues , we investigated the serum kinetics of sulfatide in @number@ adult kidney transplant recipients.
we also analyzed the correlated factors influencing the serum sulfatide level , using multiple regression analysis.
the recovery of serum sulfatide might derive from the attenuation of systemic oxidative stress.
the normal level of serum sulfatide in kidney transplant recipients might affect platelet function , and contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular disease incidence.
according to the facial-wrinkle-scale ( fws ) patients were rated as responders with an improvement of at least @number@ point in fws.
results : one month after treatment significantly more than @percent@ of patients were rated as responders.
the different products proved to be equivalent in response rate and effectiveness with no significant difference after @number@ weeks and @number@ months in statistical analysis.
surprisingly the decrease in fws of crows ' feet at rest was more pronounced.
ageing is an inevitable biological process associated with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes and increased susceptibility to diseases.
the intracellular zinc homeostasis is mainly regulated by metallothioneins ( mt ) , via ion release through the reduction of thiol groups in mt molecule.
these processes are crucial because mediating the zinc signalling within the immune cells assigning to zinc a role of \ "second messenger \ ".
improvement of immune functions and stress response systems occurs in elderly after physiological zinc supplementation.
the main reason behind these effects seems to be related to a like \ "hormetic \ " response induced by zinc.
moreover , male carriers of c + allele are more prone to reach centenarian age than c- ones.
therefore , old c- subjects are likely to benefit more from zinc supplementation restoring nk cell cytotoxicity and improving the zinc status.
men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers for participation in the european male ageing study ( emas ) .
the questionnaires included the physical activity scale for the elderly ( pase ) and questions about smoking and alcohol consumption.
estimated bone mineral density ( ebmd ) was derived as a function of the qus parameters speed of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation.
height and weight were measured in all subjects.
@number@ men , mean age @number@ years ( standard deviation @number@ ) were included in the analysis.
after adjusting for age , center , and bmi , higher levels of igfbp-1 were associated with lower ebmd.
higher levels of both igfbp-3 and igf-i were associated with higher ebmd.
igfbp-1 was associated with bone health , though the effect could be explained by other factors.
igfbp-3 and igf-i were independent determinants of bone health in middle-aged and elderly european men.
some aging men develop a condition of suppressed serum testosterone levels , which is associated with diffuse sexual , physical and psychological symptoms.
several terms are used for this syndrome , but late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) is preferred.
using these diagnostic criteria , only @percent@ of 40-80-year-old men have loh.
it seems logical , therefore , to begin by treating these conditions before testosterone replacement therapy is initiated.
for each player , we describe a biphasic performance course.
results : the average career length is @number@ ± @number@ yr for the top @number@ men and @number@ ± @number@ yr for women.
an exponential model describes the time course of the victory percentage with a great similarity for both genders.
using this equation , the peak victory rate reaches @percent@ at @number@ yr for number @number@ ( no.
@number@ ) women and @percent@ at @number@ yr for no.
@number@ men , showing a greater precocity and earlier decline in women.
finally , the area under the curve shows a potential that is @percent@ ( men ) to @percent@ ( women ) larger for the no.
@number@ players as compared with all other numbers 2-10.
conclusions : tennis players in the top @number@ show a biphasic career.
women reach their highest level earlier than men , consistent with their more precocious biological development.
for the current generation , the peak performance tends toward a younger age than the first generation.
this study explored the costs of dual-tasking in relation to sh severity in ad and normal controls ( ncs ) .
dual-task costs ( dtc ) on sat , cadence , and overall dtc were measured for each of these tasks.
on visual rating of sh severity , ad and nc groups were subdivided into high-sh and low-sh subgroups.
greater sh severity is associated with a decrement in overall dual-tasking ability in ad.
male spontaneously hypertensive rats and the normotensive wistar-kyoto rat strain were divided in 2×3 groups of animals aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
the aging spontaneously hypertensive rats were more vulnerable to af induction both by s2 stimulation and burst pacing.
vehicle affected neither the atrial effective refractory period nor af duration.
the present results support the notion that sk channels may offer a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of af.
ataxia with oculomotor apraxia @number@ is caused by mutation in the aptx gene , which encodes the dna strand-break repair protein aprataxin.
aprataxin exhibits homology to the histidine triad superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases and removes @number@'-adenylate groups from dna that arise from aborted ligation reactions.
we also show that transcripts encoding this unique n-terminal stretch are expressed in the human brain , with highest production in the cerebellum.
adult stem cells exist in most mammalian organs and tissues and are indispensable for normal tissue homeostasis and repair.
in most tissues , there is an age-related decline in stem cell functionality but not a depletion of stem cells.
such findings have profound implications for the stem cell-based therapy of age-related diseases.
background : randomised controlled trials ( rcts ) of falls prevention conducted in institutional settings have recently been systematically reviewed.
objective : to supplement this review by analysing older people's participation in the trials and engagement with the interventions.
design : review of the @number@ rcts included in the cochrane systematic review of falls prevention interventions.
setting : hospitals and nursing care facilities.
participants : adults aged / mean age of 65 + .
results : the median inclusion rate was @percent@ ( @number@.9-84.5% ) .
for multifactorial interventions , adherence ranged from @percent@ for attending 60 + / 88 of exercise classes to @percent@ for use / repairs of aids.
intermediate filament ( if ) proteins comprise a large family with more than @number@ members.
initially , ifs were assumed to provide only structural reinforcement for the cell.
this commentary discusses some lesser-known functional and regulatory aspects of ifs.
although many of these recent findings are still preliminary , they nevertheless open new doors to explore the functionality of the if family of proteins.
patients ( n = 288 ) rated their agreement regarding the prescribed treatment after the encounter and reported adherence @number@ month later.
results : several factors were related to physicians ' adherence-predictions , including physicians ' perceptions of patient-agreement regarding treatment.
however , some factors were not related to adherence and agreement-perceptions were inaccurate overall , potentially contributing to the poor accuracy of adherence-predictions.
the degree to which physicians discussed treatment-specifics with the patient moderated agreement-perception accuracy but not adherence-prediction accuracy.
conclusions : training providers to discuss certain treatment-specifics with patients may improve their ability to perceive patient-agreement regarding treatment and may directly improve patient-adherence.
there is patient demand for similar fillers that may be longer lasting.
methods : this was a case series of @number@ patients injected with large-particle calcium hydroxylapatite.
adverse events included erythema and edema , and transient visibility of the injection sites.
limitations : this is a small case series , and there was no direct control to compare the persistence of small-particle versus large-particle correction.
conclusions : for facial wrinkle correction , large-particle calcium hydroxylapatite has a safety profile comparable with that of small-particle calcium hydroxylapatite.
the large-particle variant may have longer persistence that may be useful in selected clinical circumstances.
an age-related association of blood pressure in the non-hypertensive range ( non-hypertensive blood pressure ) to the cardiovascular mortality has been demonstrated.
ketogenic diets are high in fat and low in carbohydrates , and have long been used as an anticonvulsant therapy for drug-intractable and pediatric epilepsy.
these results suggest that metabolic therapies could offer important benefits for huntington's disease without negative behavioral or physiological consequences.
age-related cardiac remodeling is known to be accompanied by changes in extracellular matrix ( ecm ) gene and protein levels.
however , their role in age-related cardiac remodeling and heart failure is unknown.
failure-resistant mice showed an opposite expression pattern for both the ecm proteins and the micrornas.
we showed that these expression changes are specific for cardiomyocytes and are absent in cardiac fibroblasts.
in cardiomyocytes , modulation of mir-18 / 19 changes the levels of ecm proteins ctgf and tsp-1 and collagens type @number@ and @number@
together , our data support a role for cardiomyocyte-derived mir-18 / 19 during cardiac aging , in the fine-tuning of cardiac ecm protein levels.
during aging , decreased mir-18 / 19 and increased ctgf and tsp-1 levels identify the failure-prone heart.
however , it is not known whether lcn-3pufas elicit similar anabolic effects in healthy individuals.
we conclude that lcn-3pufas have anabolic properties in healthy young and middle-aged adults.
purpose : sirt1 , the most well-known sirtuin family ( class iii histone deacetylases ) member , is involved in many age-related diseases.
however , no study has demonstrated its relationship with age-related cataract ( arc ) .
its downstream p53 was inhibited , and foxo pathway was activated , indicating that sirt1 may play a protective role in arc formation.
inflammation is one mechanism that may link myosteatosis with increased t2dm risk , but studies examining the relationship between inflammation and myosteatosis are lacking.
conclusions : our findings suggest that heredity may play a significant role in the determination of several markers of inflammation in african ancestry individuals.
higher concentrations of crp appear to be associated with greater skeletal muscle at infiltration , lower subcutaneous at , hyperinsulinemia , and insulin resistance.
longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between inflammation with changes in skeletal muscle at distribution with aging and the incidence of t2dm.
the rate of older adult falls has increased dramatically in north carolina.
with screening and intervention , many falls can be prevented.
phosphodiesterase ( pde ) iii is an enzyme in vascular smooth muscle that metabolizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( camp ) .
milrinone inhibits pde iii , increasing the availability of camp.
cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cgmp ) , which is regulated by nitric oxide ( no ) , also inhibits pde iii.
the endothelial no component of prostacyclin ( pgi ( @number@ ) ) -mediated vasodilation is reduced in aging.
incremental doses of pgi ( @number@ ) and sodium nitroprusside ( snp ) were administered to the brachial artery during separate trials.
l-nmma decreased baseline blood flow similarly , and the addition of milrinone increased baseline blood flow similarly in both groups.
snp responses were also similar.
this review discusses the potential usefulness of the worm caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for chemists interested in studying living systems.
c. elegans , a @number@ mm long roundworm , is a popular model organism in almost all areas of modern biology.
following an introduction to worm biology , the review provides examples of current research with c. elegans that is chemically relevant.
it also describes tools-biological , chemical , and physical-that are available to researchers studying the worm.
background : several laser technologies exist for improving rhytides , pigmentation , and skin texture.
recent advances in technology introduced a new wavelength , @number@ nm , erbium : ( er : ysgg ) for treatment of photoaging.
of the @percent@ of subjects who showed improvement in fitzpatrick wrinkle scores , @percent@ continued to have improvement at the 6-month follow-up visit.
mild erythema observed post-treatment was resolved by the 6-week follow-up visit in all subjects.
no transient or permanent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) ; or serious adverse events were reported.
conclusion : a combined confluent and fractional-ablative @number@ nm er : ysgg laser treatment improves photodamaged skin for at least @number@ months.
the treatment was well-tolerated and pih was not found in our study.
previous research has demonstrated differences in pharyngeal size and constriction between normal younger and older adults.
in addition , pharyngeal clearing during swallow is reduced with aging.
these observations suggest that the aging pharynx undergoes structural changes consistent with atrophy.
the purpose of this investigation was to compare pharyngeal wall thickness at rest and when maximally constricted during swallow in younger and older adults.
videofluoroscopic swallow studies were performed on @number@ normal adults.
measures of posterior pharyngeal wall thickness were determined at rest and during maximum constriction of the pharynx during a 20-ml bolus swallow.
data were subjected to analysis of variance and student t test procedures to determine sex and age differences.
we found no statistically significant differences between the men and women in either age group , and so we then pooled our data across sex.
our data suggest that the posterior pharyngeal wall is thinner and does not constrict to the same extent in older subjects compared with younger individuals.
these findings contribute to our understanding of differences in pharyngeal strength , swallowing efficiency , and safety associated with aging.
in later life , optimistic health appraisals promote well-being and survival , whereas pessimistic appraisals can be harmful.
health congruence and functional well-being of @number@ older adults were assessed via two interviews conducted @number@ years apart.
most realists remained realists ; health optimists and pessimists tended to become realists.
increased health optimism corresponded with enhanced functioning ; increased pessimism corresponded with decreased functioning.
among realists , increasingly positive sh predicted survival.
findings have implications for quality and length of life among older adults with chronic health conditions.
this study examines how emotion-focused orientation at retrieval affects memory for emotional versus neutral images in young and older adults.
in the control conditions participants were either instructed to focus on visual information or not provided any specific orientation instruction.
in free recall but not forced-choice recognition , the emotion-focused orientation increased young adults ' positivity bias and thus wiped out their superior negativity bias.
however , the emotion-focused orientation did not affect older adults ' emotional memory.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with the bereavement service utilization of bereaved dementia caregivers.
method : data were drawn from the resources for enhancing alzheimer's caregiver health study.
hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted for bereaved dementia caregivers ( n = @number@ ) .
results : approximately one in three participants utilized bereavement services.
support groups , counseling , and psychotropic medications were used in similar proportions.
depressive symptomatology , anxiety , and complicated grief served as need factors , with higher levels resulting in higher probability of service utilization.
conclusion : the results highlight the importance of need factors in the utilization of bereavement services.
future research should focus on interventions designed to assure timely access to those bereaved family caregivers who are most in need.
variables included background and contextual variables , caregiver burden , finding meaning through caregiving ( fmtcg ) , and caregiver physical and mental health.
measures included the zarit burden interview , the fmtcg scale , and the medical outcomes short form-36 , v2.
results : regression analyses revealed that fmtcg partially mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver mental health.
caregiver burden was not associated with caregiver physical health.
caregiver burden had an indirect effect on caregiver mental health that was partially mediated by finding meaning.
results underscore the importance of the positive aspects of caregiving such as finding meaning as potential buffers of the burden of caregiving.
method : a cross-sectional design was used.
the mail-administered assessment included the cab-sr and other care recipient and caregiver measures.
results : preliminary cab-sr reliability and validity were determined using reliability , factor analytic and correlational procedures.
method : a sample consisting of @number@ chinese caregivers for frail elderly spouses was recruited from home care services across various districts in hong kong.
conclusion : these findings provided a basis for developing appropriate interventions to minimize the caregiver burden of spousal family caregivers.
objectives : the topic of how primary informal caregivers cope with their caregiving demands has generated significant research.
however , little is known about secondary informal caregivers , who often share caregiving responsibilities.
method : a sample of @number@ informal caregivers of dependent elderly people - @number@ primary and @number@ secondary caregivers - was obtained.
the study was conducted in the district of aveiro ( portugal ) .
results : findings suggest that emotion-cognitive strategies are less efficient for secondary caregivers ( e.g. drawing on personal or religious beliefs ) .
neither group were highly efficient at managing care-related stress , but both identified benefits from taking time off or maintaining interests outside of caregiving.
conclusion : these findings can guide professionals in targeting and monitoring interventions aiming to develop caregivers ' effective coping strategies.
methods : two forward translations , a reconciled version , and then a back translation were completed and subjected to expert review.
results : the spanish version of the dqol showed acceptable psychometric properties.
internal consistency ( cronbach's alpha ) was acceptable for most of the dqol scales.
as expected , associations were found between dqol scales and the whoqol-bref psychological domain and the gds-15 , indicating good validity.
neither functional status nor severity of dementia was associated with qol ; but depressive symptoms and self-reported feeling ill had a negative association on qol.
conclusions : the results showed that the spanish version of the dqol has comparable psychometric properties to the us version.
objectives : to describe factors that support and inhibit recruitment and participation of people with dementia living in care homes.
a staged approach to recruitment was adopted involving separate meetings with staff , residents and relatives.
results : over five months , @number@ older people with dementia were recruited ( @percent@ of sampling frame ) .
conclusions : care homes are isolated communities of care.
there is a need to develop credible infrastructures of support that enable people with dementia to participate in research.
a semi-structured interview was administered to survey the presence of sensory impairment.
the prevalence of anxiety syndrome was higher in the hearing-impaired group ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : this study's findings suggest that sensory impairment in older adults can increase their probability of experiencing depressive and anxiety syndrome.
correction of these deficits could improve the quality of life in this population.
objective : social isolation is a common problem in older people who move into care that has negative consequences for well-being.
however , researchers in the social identity tradition argue that developing social group memberships can counteract the effects of isolation.
method : care home residents were invited to join gender-based groups ( i.e. ladies and gentlemen's clubs ) .
social identification , personal identity strength , cognitive ability and well-being were measured at the commencement of the intervention and @number@ weeks later.
results : a clear gender effect was found.
for women , there was evidence of maintained well-being and identification over time.
for men , there was a significant reduction in depression and anxiety , and an increased sense of social identification with others.
they completed five tests , measuring episodic and working memory pre- and post-intervention.
results : both physical and mental activity groups performed better over time than the control group ( p < @number@ ) .
adherence predicted cognitive performance ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : older healthy women can improve episodic and working memory through spending time on a challenging physical or mental activity.
results are most promising for cognitively less fit women.
time spent on course attendance can be interpreted as an adherence indicator that makes a difference for various cognitive outcomes of the intervention.
background and objective : psychological well-being as one of the most important indicators of successful aging has received substantial attention in the gerontological literature.
prior studies show that sociodemographic factors influencing elderly's psychological well-being are multiple and differ across cultures.
the aim of this study was to identify significant sociodemographic predictors of psychological well-being among malay elders.
who-five well-being index was used to measure psychological well-being.
data analysis was conducted using the statistical package for social sciences ( spss ) version @number@
however , level of education , employment status , and place of residence failed to predict psychological well-being.
therefore , they need special attention from family , policy makers , and those who work with elderly people.
objective : perceiving oneself as younger than one's actual age functions as a self-enhancing positive illusion that promotes life satisfaction.
however , no research has yet focused on the mechanisms through which a youthful subjective age could be related to higher life satisfaction.
bootstrap procedures further indicated that subjective age has significant total and specific indirect contribution to life satisfaction through subjective health and memory self-efficacy.
it provides an initial support for a resource-based explanation of the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction.
method : a systematic literature review was performed.
results : a total of @number@ papers met the inclusion criteria.
three main themes were found.
the first theme , personal living environment , involves the subthemes privacy , autonomy and obtrusiveness.
the second theme , the outside world , involves the subthemes stigma and human contact.
the third theme , the design of at devices , involves the subthemes individual approach , affordability and safety.
most encountered ethical objections originate from the view that people are , or should be , independent and self-determinant.
it is questionable whether the view is correct and helpful in the debate on at use in the care for ( frail ) elderly people.
data were reported by median and range or incidence.
characteristics in elbw neonates with raised peak scr ( > p75 ) were compared to controls ( < p75 ) .
mothers of cases received less betamethasone , neonates had a lower ga , lower bw , lower apgar , and needed more often intubation.
postnatal ventilation , oxygen , parenteral nutrition , ibuprofen , steroids , rop , and intraventricular hemorrhage were different.
ga and ventilation or apgar were independent factors for raised peak scr.
elbw neonates display trends similar to heavier neonates , but peak scr is higher , and the subsequent decrease slower.
raised creatinemia in elbw neonates reflects immaturity ( ga ) and morbidity ( ventilation , apgar ) .
this study investigated maturational differences of selective auditory attention effects on transient evoked responses and 40-hz auditory steady-state responses between children and adults.
source waveforms for the transient evoked fields and assrs were reconstructed at these locations and compared between attended and unattended tones.
source waveforms revealed attention enhances the sustained negativity of the transient evoked responses in both adults and children around @number@ and @number@ ms.
assrs were also found to be enhanced within this time range but only for adults.
the results provide evidence for a limited role of attention modification of the 40-hz assrs in children around the age of @number@ years old.
populations are becoming progressively older thus presenting symptoms of diminished organ function due to degenerative processes.
these may be physiological or caused by additional factors damaging the organ.
presbyacusis refers to the physiological age-related changes of the peripheral and central auditory system leading to hearing impairment and difficulty understanding spoken language.
we performed a systematic literature review with the aim of gaining a picture of the prevalence of arhl in europe.
the review included only population and epidemiological studies in english since @number@ with samples in european countries with subjects aged @number@ years and above.
nineteen studies met our selection criteria and additional five studies reported self-reported hearing impairment.
apparent problems in comparing the available data were the heterogeneity of measures and cut-offs for grades of hearing impairment.
our systematic review of epidemiological data revealed more information gaps than information that would allow gaining a meaningful picture of prevalence of arhl.
the need for standardized procedures when collecting and reporting epidemiological data on hearing loss has become evident.
thus , we recommend using the who classification of hearing loss strictly and including standard audiometric measures in population-based health surveys.
thus , our results indicate an undertreatment of osteoporosis in dementia.
participants were aged ≥ @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
we analysed the use of bisphosphonates , raloxifene , and calcium / vitamin d combinations in relation to clinically based dementia diagnosis.
information about osteoporotic fractures during the previous @number@ years was obtained from the swedish national patient register.
we used logistic regression to analyze the association between dementia status and use of osteoporosis drugs.
conclusions : our results indicate an undertreatment of osteoporosis in persons with dementia , although osteoporotic fractures are common among these patients.
correspondingly , many surgical interventions are undertaken and pathological specimens submitted for histopathologic workup.
the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis , which ultimately leads to joint destruction , is still poorly understood.
because of the heterogeneity of the disease and substantial individual differences in progression , classification and grading of cartilage degeneration represents a complex task.
any pathology report should be concise and delineate only the essential features.
effects of age , gender , lens status , and diabetic status on these measurements were analyzed.
neither lens status nor diabetic status affected cst , mt , or mv.
conclusion : a pilot study showed that preliminary normative cst , mt , and mv values were obtained by cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography.
the authors propose that cst ranges from @number@ μm to @number@ μm in normal eyes.
older age and female gender were associated with thinner mt.
conclusions : aging and postmenopausal status may be aggravating factors contributing to redox imbalance and oxidative damage in armd patients.
aim : to evaluate habitual macronutrient intake and its association with common cardiovascular risk factors in brazilian elderly women.
methods : analytical cross-sectional study with @number@ subjects.
carbohydrate , protein and lipid intakes were determined based on a non-consecutive three-day dietary record.
the following conditions were evaluated : dyslipidemia , systemic arterial hypertension , and type @number@ diabetes.
results : anthropometric , clinical and biochemical data revealed an elevated prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors in the sample.
methods : objective and subjective assessment of memory function was carried out in @number@ elderly adults.
principal component analysis was then performed to study the factor structure of the emq in relation to the assessment.
results : objective memory impairment was evident in @percent@ of elderly adults.
on admission , each subject underwent standardized evaluation of cognitive and comorbid conditions.
patients were followed yearly by the same team.
predictive variables were age , sex , cognitive diagnosis , dementia etiology and severity.
survival during hospitalization , at 1- and 5-year follow-ups was the outcome of interest evaluated with cox proportional hazard models.
the groups compared were statistically similar in age , sex , education level and comorbidity score.
after @number@ years of follow-up , @percent@ of the patients had died.
regarding intra-hospital mortality , none of the predictive variables was associated with mortality.
mci , ad and md were not predictive of short- or long-term mortality.
features significantly associated with reduced survival at @number@ and @number@ years were being older , male , and having vascular or severe dementia.
when all the variables were added in the multiple model , the dementia effect completely disappeared.
conclusions : dementia ( all etiologies ) is not predictive of mortality.
the observed vad effect is probably linked to cardiovascular risk comorbidities : hypertension , stroke and hyperlipidemia.
conversely , few studies have examined the case of healthy elderly people not living alone.
we postulated that being able to rely on stable autobiographical memories ( intrinsically associated with emotions ) would be a valuable memory aid.
methods : memory training was given to healthy older adults ( aged 75-85 ) living in a retirement home.
results : both groups improved their performance from pre- to post-test.
conclusions : our findings suggest that specific memory activities are beneficial to elderly people living in a retirement home context.
in addition , training based on reactivation of autobiographical memories is shown to produce a long-lasting effect on memory performance.
background and aims : the effectiveness of community-based fall assessment programs in older people is unclear.
in this study , we examined the effectiveness of community-based fall assessment compared with hospital-based assessment.
methods : a randomized un-blind study was conducted in @number@ older adults aged @number@ years and over at high risk of falling.
participants were drawn from a larger cohort of community-dwelling older people.
eligible participants were identified by means of a simple five-item screening tool.
a randomly chosen subset population of people at high risk of falling was then randomized into two arms , community-based and hospital-based fall assessments.
the total number of falls in both groups was recorded by following up subjects ' diaries and telephone interviews at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
results : a total of @number@ participants completed the study.
attendance to community-based assessment was significantly higher compared with hospital-based assessment in this older population ( p = 0.012 ) .
there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in total number of falls at the @number@ month follow-up.
background and aims : metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis are recognized as major public health problems in many countries.
this study investigated the association between bone quality and components of metabolic syndrome in an elderly population.
methods : the study included a population sample of @number@ men and women , of mean age @number@ ± @number@ years.
information on lifestyle habits , including physical activity , smoking and alcohol consumption , were obtained by a questionnaire.
results : metabolic syndrome , defined by the criteria of the international diabetes federation , was determined in @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women.
background and aims : the telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes has been reported to be inversely correlated with many kinds of pathophysiological conditions.
however , correlations between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and patients ' physical ability are not known.
the physical ability of older women was positively correlated with the lengths of their somatic telomeres.
background : jak2v617f mutation occurs in @percent@ of polycythemia vera ( pv ) and in @percent@ of essential thrombocythemia ( et ) patients.
the jak2v617f mutation was searched and its allele burden was evaluated.
we also found a progressive increase in allele burden with age ( r2 = 0.042 ) .
the jak2v617f allele burden was similar in patients with ( @number@ ± @percent@ ) and without ( @number@ ± @percent@ ) long-term hydroxyurea treatment.
conclusions : jak2v617f mutation is more common in old than in young patients with mpd.
older patients have an higher allele burden.
age-related hearing impairment ( arhi ) , or presbycusis , is a complex disease with multifactorial etiology.
it is the most prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly , and may have detrimental effects on their quality of life and psychological well-being.
with improvement of our understanding of arhi , treatment other than with amplification will be hopefully possible in the long term.
larger animal models , such as porcine , have been validated as appropriate models of the human disc with respect to biomechanics and biochemistry.
they are advantageous for research as the models are relatively straightforward to prepare and easily obtainable for research to perform surgical techniques.
in this study , we observed that the cell number and gag ( glycosaminoglycan ) formation dramatically decreased with aging.
also , gene expression in the annulus fibrosus ( af ) and nucleus pulposus ( np ) cells changed with aging.
the level of mmp-1 mrna increased with age and both type i , ii collagens decreased with age.
the level of aggrecan mrna was highest in the mature group and decreased significantly with aging.
in the mature group , mmp-1 expression was minimal compared to the newborn group.
we concluded that the porcine model is excellent to test hypotheses related to disc degeneration while permitting time-course study in biologically active systems.
preclinical alzheimer's disease ( pad ) reflects neuropathological findings of ad in cognitively normal subjects.
we included @number@ subjects who were cognitively normal from baseline through their last assessment before death and who underwent autopsy.
longitudinal rates and patterns of change in scores on a standard cognitive battery were compared between these two groups.
further analyses showed three components of this score reached significance : constructional praxis , delayed recall of a word list , and category verbal fluency.
longitudinal changes in slope of decline in specific cognitive test measures can serve as non-invasive methods for the detection of pad.
predictors included structural factors , including needs and resources and dyadic characteristics , and psychological factors , including family obligation and investment in the relationship.
methods : participants included @number@ dyads of parents ( aged 59-96 years ) and their children ( aged 40-60 years ) .
multilevel models assessed the level of discrepancies between dyadic members and examined predictors accounting for the discrepancies.
we considered downward ( from parent to child ) and upward ( from child to parent ) directions in support exchanges.
results : for upward support from adult children to their parents , children reported that they gave more than their aging parents reported receiving.
for downward support from parents to children , the results differed depending on the type of support.
discussion : these results suggest the importance of considering multiple perspectives and the direction of exchanges between generations.
discrepancies in reports of support reflect both self-enhancement and family context and may be an important source of misunderstanding and conflict between generations.
background : previous cross-sectional studies demonstrate positive associations of fat-free mass and negative associations of centrally distributed fat deposits with respiratory function in older adults.
few studies have evaluated whether greater losses of muscle and increases in fat are associated with more rapid decline in respiratory function in aging.
results : cross-sectional analyses showed that height and thigh muscle area were positively and visceral adipose tissue negatively related to fev1 and fvc.
increase in fat mass over five years was associated with concurrent fev1 and fvc decline.
weight gain and accompanying fat deposition may accelerate age-related declines in respiratory function.
although report of self-neglect is more common among black older adults , the racial / ethnic differences in mortality remain unclear.
methods : the chicago healthy aging project is a population-based cohort study conducted from @number@ to @number@
a subset of these participants were suspected to self-neglect and were reported to a social services agency.
mortality was ascertained during follow-up and from the national death index.
cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the mortality risk.
this difference persisted over time.
previous research in the united states suggests that depression related to economic hardship decreases with age.
we test whether this pattern can be generalized to other developed nations.
health knowledge gained through research that ignores the socio-political context may be limited in terms of generalization.
variation in the apolipoprotein e gene ( apoe ) has been reported to be associated with longevity in humans.
gender had no significant effect on the isoform frequencies.
this study provides strong support for an association of the apoe gene with human longevity.
purpose : to evaluate the potential role of the matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) system of bruch's membrane in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration.
individual mmp species were separated by gelatin-substrate zymography and the levels were quantified by densitometric techniques.
altogether , @number@ control ( age range , 71-99 years ) and @number@ amd ( age range , 71-95 years ) donor eyes were used.
results : all the gelatinase components normally present in control samples were also present in amd tissue without any significant differences in their molecular masses.
total levels ( bound plus free ) of active mmp2 and @number@ were significantly reduced in amd donors ( p < @number@ ) .
the decrease in active mmp2 may be attributable to a similar reduction in the level of free pro-mmp2 , the precursor to the active form.
reduction in active mmp9 occurred despite a nearly @number@.5-fold increase in free pro-mmp9.
the sequestration of free pro-mmp2 and @number@ by these high-molecular-mass complexes may further contribute to reduced rates of activation of mmps.
the degradation pathway is therefore a viable therapeutic target for future intervention.
in contrast , older adults failed to show facilitation effects from either colorized-texturized or scene-primed items.
moreover , older adults were consistently slower to initiate naming than were their younger counterparts across all conditions.
we interpret these findings as generally supportive of a processing speed account of age-related object picture-naming difficulty.
background : in adults , dosages of some anaesthetic agents are based on lean body mass ( lbm ) rather than body weight.
our aim was to derive an equation for estimating lbm in children.
gfr and extracellular fluid volume ( ecv ) were measured using cr-51-edta.
lbm was directly estimated ( elbm ) in adults using an equation based on height and weight.
results : in children , the ratio of eecv to ecv was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) .
in all groups , elbm / weight correlated inversely with weight.
conclusions : in terms of the relationships between elbm , ecv , and weight , children are similar to adults.
therefore , drug dosage in children should also be based on elbm rather than weight.
we examined the association between consistent fkp and risk of tkr using multiple binomial regression with generalized estimating equations.
risk of tkr over @number@ months was @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ for knees with no , inconsistent , and consistent fkp , respectively.
this association was consistent across each level of pain severity on the western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index.
conclusion : consistency of frequent knee pain is associated with an increased risk of tkr independently of knee pain severity.
dates and proximate causes of death were logged for @number@ participants.
multilevel modelling compared rates of decline after effects of sex , demographics , and practice were taken into consideration.
pathologies were associated with faster declines in older individuals.
discussion : after sex , age , and demographics have also been considered , different terminal pathologies are associated with markedly different rates of decline.
age accelerates pathology-related decline.
unlike apoptosis , mechanisms leading to necrosis are less well understood.
moreover , changes in necrosis as a function of age have not been studied in human lymphocytes.
thus , apoptosis / necrosis ratios were inverted in young versus elderly ( ≥65 years ) donors.
understanding this switch in death modes may aid in understanding age-related disorders.
objective : we hypothesised , that a gh blockade would decrease igf-i and collagen synthesis in the connective tissue of skeletal muscle and tendon.
design : the study was randomised and double blinded.
participants : @number@ healthy young males completed the study.
results : pegvisomant decreased serum igf-i by @percent@ ( p < 0.01 ) and serum igfbp-3 by @percent@ ( p < 0.05 ) .
pegvisomant supplementation had no effect on collagen synthesis in tendon and skeletal muscle , nor was muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis affected.
similarly , pegvisomant supplementation had no effect on mrna expression of igf-i and collagen in skeletal muscle.
conclusion : gh receptor blocker administration in healthy humans resulted in a moderate decrease in serum igf-i.
background : skin maceration is recognized as a risk factor for the development of certain skin lesions.
in health care settings , incontinence-associated skin maceration is highly prevalent in the elderly.
however , the effect of senescence on maceration has not been fully elucidated.
objective : to reveal the enhancement of the maceration-induced ultrastructural alteration and barrier function of the epidermis by aging.
methods : skin maceration was reproduced by exposure to agarose gel in human and rat.
the ultrastructural alterations in human and rat tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy.
the skin barrier function was evaluated by noninvasive methods in human , and by the transdermal penetration of small- and large-fluorescent molecules in rat.
in order to reveal the effect of aging on the skin maceration , we compared these parameters between young and aged rats.
the transdermal penetration test in the rat using two types of fluorescein indicated that maceration disrupted skin barrier function.
furthermore , senescence-enhanced ultrastructural and functional alterations were revealed in the rodent studies.
conclusion : this study demonstrates that aging enhances skin maceration.
second , the same measurements were performed ex vivo on a second cohort , @number@ isolated , formalin fixed radii.
standard descriptive statistics as well as correlations were calculated and possible gender age influences tested for both populations separately.
results : the radiographic dataset resulted in a correlation of radius length and width of r = 0.753 ( adj.
r ( @number@ ) = 0.563 , p < 0.001 ) with sex having a significant ( p = 0.005 , adj.
r ( @number@ ) = 0.592 ) and side no influence on the correlation.
radius length-width correlation for the isolated radii was r = 0.621 ( adj.
r ( @number@ ) = 0.381 , p < 0.001 ) with sex significantly influencing this correlation ( p < 0.001 , adj.
r ( @number@ ) = 0.598 ) .
in contrast , control groups displayed volume decrements consistent with longitudinal estimates of age-related decline.
we conclude that sustained experiential demands on spatial ability protect hippocampal integrity against age-related decline.
the comprehensive review by mastroeni et al.
epigenetic mechanisms in alzheimer's disease.
neurobiol.
several of sirt1's substrates regulate key metabolic processes , and sirt1 activation may underlie the lifespan prolonging effect of caloric restriction.
recent studies have also identified multifaceted protective roles for sirt1 against cellular senescence and stress in the neural , cardiovascular , and renal systems.
sirt1's activity in multiple tissues may decline with aging , and sustaining or reactivating this activity seems invariably beneficial.
several studies also point towards a general tumor suppressive role for sirt1 , at least in the context of certain human cancers.
blood samples were collected at day @number@ day @number@ day @number@ and day @number@
seroresponses to influenza vaccination were measured by tests to the a / h3n2 strain at all time points.
subsequently , baseline levels of igg anti-cmv antibodies were measured using an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.
participants with cmv antibody level≥6 au / ml were considered to harbor cmv infection.
in conclusion , cmv infection did not explain poor responsiveness to influenza vaccination in residents of long-term care facilities.
design : a double-blinded , randomized , controlled trial.
participants : seventy-four frail elderly individuals , with @number@ subjects in the control group and @number@ subjects in the treatment group.
intervention : the treatment group completed a 10-week twice-daily hip flexor stretching program that was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician.
the control group completed a 10-week shoulder abductor stretching program.
the treatment group also showed significantly increased passive hip extension range of motion.
the lack of consistent improvements in walking kinematics is attributed to the presence of multiple disabilities and limitations present in the frail subjects.
design : a double-blinded , randomized , controlled trial.
participants : eighty-two healthy elderly individuals , with @number@ subjects in the control group and @number@ subjects in the treatment group.
intervention : the treatment group completed a 10-week , twice-daily hip flexor stretching program , which was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician.
the control group completed a 10-week shoulder abductor stretching program.
results : the treatment group showed significant improvements in passive hip extension range of motion ( p = @number@ ) .
these results support the use of a simple stretching program for elderly individuals in counteracting age-related decline in gait function.
background / purpose : ginsenosides have many biomedical efficacies , such as anti-aging , antioxidation , and anti-inflammatory activities.
compound k ( ck ) , one of the major metabolites of ginsenosides , mediates the antimetastatic and anti-allergic activities of the ginsenosides.
methods : fibroblasts were cultured with and without ck ( @number@ μm , @number@ μm or @number@ μm ) for @number@ hours.
mmp-1 activity in the supernatants and protein levels in the cells were assessed by zymography and western blotting , respectively.
level of type i collagen was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
results : mmp-1 activity and protein level were increased by uva , which was downregulated by ck.
production of type i collagen was inhibited in uva-irradiated fibroblasts , which was upregulated by ck.
conclusion : ck is a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skin photo-aging.
purpose : to evaluate blue-light attenuation in eyes with a tinted intraocular lens ( iol ) or an untinted iol.
setting : department of ophthalmology , university hospital of crete , crete , greece.
design : comparative case series.
methods : patients had lens extraction and implantation of an acrysof natural tinted or tecnis za9003 or softec iii untinted acrylic iol.
patients were tested preoperatively and @number@ days postoperatively.
the parafoveal measure of the green : blue ratio , expressed in decibels , is proportional to the blue-light attenuation by the lens.
results : twenty-two patients received the tinted iol and @number@ the untinted iol.
preoperatively , age was strongly linearly correlated with the green : blue ratio ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the mean postoperative decrease in the green : blue ratio was greater in the untinted iol group ( p = @number@ ) .
postoperatively , the tinted iol group had a significantly higher green : blue ratio than the untinted iol group ( p < @number@ ) .
in the tinted iol group , the green : blue ratio was linearly related to iol dioptric power.
conclusion : less blue light reached the retina with tinted iols than with untinted iols.
thus , tinted iols may protect against the presumed blue-light hazard.
financial disclosure : no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
fgf-23 is a bone-derived hormone that suppresses phosphate reabsorption and @number@ dihydroxyvitamin d ( @number@ ) ( vitamin d ) synthesis in the kidney.
klotho also is expressed in the parathyroid gland , where fgf-23 decreases parathyroid hormone expression and secretion , further suppressing vitamin d synthesis in kidney.
thus , fgf-23 functions as a phosphaturic hormone and a counter-regulatory hormone for vitamin d , thereby inducing negative phosphate balance.
mice lacking either fgf-23 or klotho show hyperphosphatemia in addition to developing multiple aging-like phenotypes , which can be rescued by resolving phosphate retention.
these findings have unveiled an unexpected link between aging and phosphate.
in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , phosphate retention is seen universally and has been associated with increased mortality risk.
the klotho protein not only serves as a coreceptor for fgf-23 , but also functions as a humoral factor.
decreased urinary klotho protein level has been identified as one of the earliest biomarkers of ckd progression.
this review focuses on the current understanding of klotho protein function , with emphasis on its potential involvement in the pathophysiologic process of ckd.
the presence of multiple cell clones with distinct genotypes in the same individual is referred to as ' somatic mosaicism'.
such changes can potentially affect the epigenetic patterns and levels of gene expression , and ultimately the phenotypes of cells.
although recent studies suggest that somatic mosaicism is widespread during normal development and aging , its implications for heightened disease risks are incompletely understood.
here , i discuss the origins , prevalence and implications of somatic mosaicism in healthy human tissues.
aims : to know the organization of internal medicine departments ( imd ) and the opinion of their heads of department.
methods : in @number@ a survey was mailed to @number@ heads of department of the imd of @number@ spanish public hospitals.
it included a standardized structured questionnaire on staff , hospitalization , outpatients , consultation , research and teaching.
the heads of departments were also asked for their opinion and suggestions on management , projects and future.
results : sixty-eight surveys ( @percent@ ) were filled out.
internists are on call an average of @number@ times a month and perform @number@ discharges , @number@ outpatient visits and @number@ consultations in a year.
the average imd consists of @number@ internists with one-fifth of the hospital beds.
one third of hospitals have alternatives to inpatient care , the most frequent being palliative care.
the heads of the imd identify problems in their relationship with hospital managers , other specialties and local population.
excessive workload , aging and discouragement of staff and patients ' social problems have negative effects.
even so , they want to initiate projects , are optimistic about the future and take an interest in clinical epidemiology research.
essential tremor ( et ) is among the most common neurological disorders.
this chapter reviews the epidemiology , clinical features , and pathophysiology of et.
the defining feature is a kinetic tremor of the arms.
patients often have a postural tremor as well.
other body regions may also be involved ( especially the head ) .
the severity of tremor may range from mild cases in population settings to more severe cases in treatment settings.
motor features aside from tremor have been described in et , including tandem gait difficulty.
mild cognitive changes ( especially executive dysfunction ) have been documented in many studies as well.
there is also a growing understanding that environmental factors are likely to contribute to the etiology of et.
more recent postmortem studies have helped localize the possible source of et to structural alterations in the cerebellum and its connecting pathways.
an expansion of a trinucleotide cag repeat on chromosome @number@ causes huntington disease.
the abnormal elongation of the cag increases the polyglutamine stretch of huntingtin , which becomes proportionally toxic.
the mutated huntingtin is ubiquitous in somatic tissues , yet the pathologic changes are apparently restricted to the brain.
the degree of the abnormal expansion of the cag repeats governs the gradually diffuse atrophy of the brain.
however , the brunt of the degenerative process involves the striatum.
the onset of symptoms is insidious , but the longer the cag expansion , the earlier their occurrence.
they include psychiatric , motor , and cognitive disorders.
patients with adult onset of symptoms are more prone to exhibit choreic movements whereas those with juvenile onset tend to develop parkinsonism or rigidity.
brains from patients with juvenile onset are usually more atrophic than those with adult onset.
brains from patients with late onset of symptoms might show changes occurring in usual aging in addition to those characteristically observed in huntington disease.
despite recent important discoveries , the pathogenesis of huntington disease is still not elucidated.
many possible mechanisms underlying the relative selective vulnerability of neurons are being explored.
we investigated the possible differences in lymphocyte subpopulations between healthy young-middle-aged and elderly subjects , focusing attention on γδ-tcr-expressing cells.
lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in blood samples collected every four hours for @number@ hours.
background : cellular senescence plays important roles in the aging process of complex organisms , in tumor suppression and in response to stress.
several markers can be used to identify senescent cells , of which the most widely used is the senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sabg ) activity.
several approaches have been introduced to render the sabg assay quantitative.
however none of these approaches to date has proven particularly amenable to quantitative analysis of sabg activity in situ.
introduction : in critically ill patients , it is uncertain whether exposure to older red blood cells ( rbcs ) may contribute to mortality.
we hypothesized that exposure to even a single unit of older rbcs may be associated with an increased risk of death.
methods : we conducted a prospective , multicenter observational study in @number@ icus during a 5-week period between @date@ and @date@ .
we included @number@ critically ill adult patients receiving at least one unit of rbcs.
aging is characterized by progressive impairment of functional capacities of all system organs , reduction in homeostatic mechanisms , and altered response to receptor stimulation.
these age-related physiologic changes influence both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in elderly patients.
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes as well as polypharmacy and comorbidities may alter significantly the effect of pharmacological treatment with advancing age.
moreover , in older patients increased sensitivity to warfarin resulting in increased risk of bleeding has been previously documented.
on the other hand , reduced effectiveness of conventional doses of cardiovascular drugs , such as diuretics and β-blockers , has been observed.
due to pharmacodynamic changes , therefore , dose adjustment of the above mentioned cardiovascular and psychotropic drugs is recommended in elderly.
ageing is characterized by a progressive decline in the functional reserve of multiple organs and systems , which can influence drug disposition.
in addition , comorbidity and polypharmacy are highly prevalent in the elderly.
as ageing is associated with some reduction in first-pass metabolism , bioavailability of a few drugs can be increased.
with ageing body fat increases and total body water as well as lean body mass decrease.
consequently , hydrophilic drugs have a smaller apparent volume of distribution ( v ) and lipophilic drugs have an increased v with a prolonged half-life.
in general , activities of cytochrome p450 enzymes are preserved in normal ageing and the genetic influence is much more striking than age effects.
drug transporters play an important role in pharmacokinetic processes , but their function and pharmacology have not yet been fully examined for agerelated effects.
one third of elderly persons show no decrease in renal function ( gfr > @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m2 ) .
in about two thirds of elderly subjects , the age-related decline of renal function was associated with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and other risk factors.
in the elderly a large interindividual variability in drug disposition is particularly prominent.
for more than thirty years , the dog has been used as a model for human diseases.
despite efforts made to develop canine embryonic stem cells , success has been elusive.
the cipscs expressed critical pluripotency markers and showed evidence of silencing the viral vectors and normal karyotypes.
microsatellite analysis indicated that the cipscs showed the same profile as the donor fibroblasts but differed from cells taken from other dogs.
under culture conditions favoring differentiation , the cipscs could form cell derivatives from the ectoderm , mesoderm , and endoderm.
further , the cipscs required leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to survive , proliferate , and maintain pluripotency.
sterol metabolites are critical signaling molecules that regulate metabolism , development , and homeostasis.
these signaling pathways are conserved from simple invertebrates to mammals.
here , we review how sterols act through evolutionarily ancient mechanisms to control these processes.
nutritional problems and deficiencies are widespread in geriatric institutions.
in recent years , several guidelines and standards have been developed to facilitate the transfer of this scientific knowledge into practice.
these guidelines and standards provide recommendations for adequate nutritional care and assistance for the institutionalized elderly person based on the scientific state of the art.
they should be used as the basis for the development of local instructions for the management of nutritional problems and malnutrition.
elderly people will only profit , if these guidelines are used in daily routine.
purpose : results from a number of studies have suggested a relationship between cognitive alteration and benzodiazepine use in the elderly.
the aim of this study was to determine the impact of benzodiazepine use on cognitive functions in a young adult population.
data were collected during interviews by occupational physicians in @number@ @number@ and @number@
results : in the course of the @number@ year-follow-up , @percent@ of subjects were defined as occasional users of benzodiazepine and @percent@ as long-term users.
the analysis revealed a significant alteration of long-term memory in women whereas there was no significant association in men.
conclusions : long-term use of benzodiazepine leads to specific impairment in long-term memory only in women.
neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system contributes substantially to the long term disability in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patients.
however , in vivo determination and monitoring of neurodegeneration remain difficult.
optical coherence tomography ( oct ) is a potent tool for the detection of ms-related retinal neurodegeneration.
however , crucial aspects including the association between oct- and mri-based atrophy measures or the impact of ms-related parameters on oct parameters are still unclear.
bpf , normalized for subject head size , was estimated with sienax.
relations were analyzed primarily by generalized estimating equation ( gee ) models considering within-patient inter-eye relations.
we found that both rnflt ( p = @number@ gee ) and tmv ( p = @number@ gee ) associate with bpf.
rnflt was furthermore linked to the disease duration ( p < 0.001 , gee ) but neither to disease severity nor patients ' age.
tmv was not associated with any of these parameters.
longitudinal studies are necessary for validation of data and to further clarify the relevance of tmv.
background : ozone concentrations in ambient air are related to cardiopulmonary perturbations in the aging population.
increased central sympathetic nerve activity induced by local airway inflammation may be one possible mechanism.
induced sputum was collected @number@ h after exposure.
no difference of resting msna was observed between ozone and air exposure ( air : 23±2 , ozone : 23±2 bursts / min ) .
however , we can not exclude that chronic airway inflammation may contribute to sympathetic activation.
enhanced tidal volume increment response to 6%co ( @number@ ) was present at 16-20 , and 75-90 postnatal days , implying the trait's stability.
maternal grooming / licking behaviour , and corticosterone basal levels were similar among cross-fostered and normally-reared individuals.
conclusions : a mechanism of gene-by-environment interplay connects this form of early perturbation of infant-mother interaction , heightened co ( @number@ ) sensitivity and anxiety.
some non-inferential physiological measurements can enhance animal models of human neurodevelopmental anxiety disorders.
the mechanism by which all these signals are coordinated to yield a final response is not well understood.
here , i have characterized the drosophila ortholog of the human tgf-β inducible early gene @number@ ( dtieg ) .
these results show that dtieg can modulate dpp signalling.
several studies have shown that obesity is associated with changes in human brain function and structure.
since women are more susceptible to obesity than men , it seems plausible that neural correlates may also be different.
however , this has not been demonstrated so far.
there was no significant age ( p > 0.2 ) or bmi ( p > 0.7 ) difference between female and male participants.
this suggests that obesity may be associated with axonal degeneration.
comparable structural changes were reported for the aging brain , which may point to accelerated aging of wm structure in obese subjects.
in conclusion , we demonstrate structural wm changes related to an elevated body weight , but with differences between men and women.
future studies on obesity-related functional and structural brain changes should therefore account for sex-related differences.
objective : to identify exposures possibly contributing to anemia cases among hexavalent chromium medical surveillance program enrollees.
results : workers had underlying medical conditions that affected surveillance results.
there was a systemic error in classification based on hematocrit value.
the prevalence of anemia in a workforce averaging @number@ years old was @percent@.
conclusions : anemia may be more prevalent in middle-aged workers than expected.
modern laboratories generally report a calculated hematocrit value , and using hemoglobin for most classification purposes is preferred.
the value of a team approach in addressing occupational health problems was demonstrated.
background and objectives : ankle-brachial index ( abi ) is currently recommended for the screening of peripheral arterial disease.
the evaluation of abi , and in particular tbi , typically requires significant technical skill and often involves referral to a vascular laboratory.
methods : forty adults , aged 40-60 years , performed a 2-back working memory task during fmri.
conclusion : these data provide preliminary support for a deleterious effect of elevated total cholesterol / hdl-cholesterol ratio on cerebrovascular support for cognition in midlife.
both scn5a disruption and aging were associated with decreased heart rate variability , reduced sinoatrial node automaticity , and slowed sinoatrial conduction.
all these effects were most noticeable in old scn5a ( + / - ) mice.
na ( + ) channel inhibition by nav1.5-e3 antibody directly increased tgf-β ( @number@ ) production in both cultured human cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts.
the quantitative results from these studies permitted computer simulations that successfully replicated the observed sinoatrial node phenotypes shown by the different experimental groups.
the latter effects interact to produce the most severe phenotype in old scn5a ( + / - ) mice.
in demonstrating this , our findings suggest a novel regulatory role for nav1.5 in cellular biological processes in addition to its electrophysiologic function.
tauopathies are characterized by hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and its accumulation into fibrillar aggregates.
toxic effects of aggregated tau and / or dysfunction of soluble tau could both contribute to neural defects in these neurodegenerative diseases.
these mice express p301l-equivalent mutant tau at normal physiological levels from the knockin allele.
in fact , overall phosphorylation of tau was reduced , perhaps due to reduced microtubule binding.
however , homozygous knockin mice did display intriguing age-dependent changes in axonal transport of mitochondria , and increased spontaneous locomotor activity in old age.
these could represent early consequences of the tau dysfunction that eventually precipitates pathogenesis in humans.
purpose : to measure choroidal thickness and to determine parameters associated with it.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : seventy-four glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects.
the average thickness was calculated from enhanced depth sd-oct images and manually analyzed with image j software.
open-angle glaucoma , open-angle glaucoma suspect , primary angle-closure glaucoma , primary angle closure , and primary angle-closure suspect were defined by published criteria.
glaucoma suspects had normal visual fields bilaterally.
glaucoma was defined by specific criteria for optic disc damage and visual field loss in ≥1 eye.
main outcome measures : average macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness measured using sd-oct.
results : the choroidal-scleral interface was visualized in @percent@ and @percent@ of the macular and peripapillary scans , respectively.
peripapillary choroidal thickness was not significantly different between glaucoma and suspect patients.
degree of glaucoma damage was not consistently associated with choroidal thickness.
financial disclosure ( s ) : proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
increasing health costs and an aging population will make this issue even more crucial in the future.
methods : we reviewed the number of spinal procedures performed by neurosurgeons in belgium between @number@ and @number@
the neurosurgical prevalence is even more striking in cervical or intradural procedures.
conclusion : as a result we created a neurosurgical spine society to represent neurosurgeons who were otherwise almost absent from the political decision-making processes.
anxiety is a major cause for distress among older people with dementia , and it impedes care.
one hundred and forty-eight people , with a mean age of @number@ years , were recruited from @number@ assisted-living facilities in the usa.
prevalence rates for anxiety were @percent@ and @percent@ , as measured on the raid and cas , respectively.
one or more symptoms of anxiety were exhibited for @percent@ ( raid ) and @percent@ ( cas ) of participants.
behavioural symptoms and the presence of depression strongly predicted anxiety , as did staff's reaction to behavioural symptoms and their sense of competence to care.
this study has also identified areas for mental health nurses to target interventions.
here , we present a combined probe head for simultaneous , time-saving nir spectroscopy and skin impedance measurements.
the probe also ensures that both measurements are performed under equal conditions and at the same skin location.
methods : finite element method simulations were performed for evaluation of the impedance.
the classification rate was determined by a planar discriminant analysis.
reproducibility was investigated by calculation of scatter values and statistical significance between overlapping groups was assessed by the calculation of intra-model distances , q.
results : the novel probe yielded rapid reproducible results and was easy to manage.
significant differences between skin locations and to a lesser extent age groups and gender were demonstrated.
conclusion : with the novel probe , statistically significant differences between overlapping classes in score plots can be confirmed by calculating intra-model distances.
the relation between actn3 r577x polymorphism and muscle mass in women has been reported , but its relation to age remains unclear.
we investigated the relationship between actn3 r577x polymorphism and muscle mass in both middle-aged and elderly women.
ischemic stroke causes the largest loss of qaly.
aging is the most important risk factor.
effective treatment can significantly reduce disability.
health system and hospital reforms have led to important and on-going legislative , structural and organizational changes.
in order to respond , we compared our experiences to a review of the professional and scientific literature from @number@ to @number@
over the course of the past eighteen years , health system organization was subjected to variations and significant tensions.
this change of doctrine may undermine the social mission of hospitals and the principle of solidarity.
progress , the aging population and financial constraints would force policy-makers to steer the health system towards more centralized control.
hospitals , health professionals and users may feel torn within a system that tends to simplify and minimize what is becoming increasingly complex and global.
benchmarks on values , ethics and law for the hospitals , healthcare professionals and users are questioned.
however , severe and broad pleural adhesion due to the pleural interventional procedures sometimes cause serious bleeding when the patients undergo lung transplantation.
we must be considered for new approaches to these intractable secondary pneumothoraces which replaced traditional conservative and surgical approaches.
we had proposed new @number@ approaches of total pleural covering ( tpc ) and awake surgical intervention ( asi ) for intractable pneumothorax.
the bilateral pneumothorax was well controlled , and no recurrence has been observed.
tpc is reliable procedure for management intractable bilateral ssp.
for @number@ high-risk patients with other underling pulmonary diseases on general poor conditions , a surgical intervention was performed in awake condition.
the air leaks were stopped in @number@ cases except for @number@ case.
the recurrence of pneumothorax after surgery was @number@ cases.
asi for intractable secondary pneumothorax can be applicable to selected patients with deteriorated general condition.
the authors analyze the effect of participation in short-term training measures on older german recipients of means-tested unemployment benefits.
results show that classroom training is not effective in making participants independent of benefit receipt.
it has a moderately positive effect on employment outcomes , which are highest for west german men.
in contrast , in-firm training significantly raises the participants ' likelihood of finding regular jobs and of being independent of unemployment benefit receipt.
it is the only nationally mandated workforce training program for seniors.
participation , program duration , and employment placement of minorities are examined.
recommendations include funding for innovative grants , leveraging of federal partnerships , and targeted technical assistance.
the study examined employers ' knowledge of and attitudes toward working carers who care for aging family members.
the study was based on the ecological model.
one hundred employers were interviewed using structured questionnaires and @number@ employers by additional in-depth interviews.
both research instruments included areas of disruption to the organization , existing policies , and feasibility as to developing appropriate policies to support working carers.
results show that caregiving caused a disruption in workers ' functioning mainly by being absent , leaving work early , and coming to work late.
usually , there was \ "no policy , \ " and half of the employers did not support introducing such a policy.
women managers in public organizations , who had less seniority and less previous experience with working-carers , tended to be more positive about supportive policies.
recommendations are included.
this article addresses possible changes in dutch employers ' behavior regarding the recruitment and retention of older workers during the last decade.
the authors analyze surveys administered to dutch employers in @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
losing older employees to retirement drains knowledge and expertise.
this article presents findings from case study research consisting of interviews with key employees at @number@ companies in @number@ states.
five of those companies subsequently participated in in-person site visits.
interviews were held with a wide range of informants , including company leadership , supervisors , and older workers.
workers ' ability to delay retirement depends partly on the demands of their jobs.
will employers be prepared to accommodate an aging workforce , especially in times of economic recession ?
it also aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotion regulation on the relationship between age and emotions.
method : the sample consisted of @number@ younger and older adults aged between @number@ and @number@
results and conclusion : results showed that age was significantly associated with positive emotions and cognitive reappraisal.
no difference was found in negative emotions and suppression between younger and older adults.
cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the effect of age on positive emotions.
findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanism of age variations in emotional experiences.
objectives : dementia increasingly diminishes the ability to communicate.
we aimed to develop and evaluate a psychosocial intervention program that focuses on communication in dementia care.
this was intended to enhance the quality of life ( qol ) of people with dementia and to reduce the burden on their informal caregivers.
method : a training program for informal caregivers of people with dementia was developed.
the training combines the expertise of geriatric psychiatry , geriatric care , and educational psychology.
caregivers acquire and deepen competencies required to improve communication in dementia care.
the training was evaluated with a pre-post-control group design and time-series analyses.
twenty-four informal caregivers participated in the study.
participants were asked how they would seek help for a character in a vignette with dementia and what aged care services they would use.
italians were less likely to use permanent residential care.
acculturation parameters were inconsistently associated with help-seeking and service acceptability.
conclusions : racial minority groups have a greater preference for community services than third generation australians.
there are differences between racial minority groups on help-seeking and acceptability of services.
education and outreach to these groups needs to be tailored.
methods : participants were assessed during the most recent cross-sectional data collection of the georgia centenarian study.
subjects scored @number@ or greater on the mini-mental status exam and completed mental health assessments.
within this sample of cognitively intact oldest old , measures of executive control and cognitive functioning demonstrated limited association with mental health.
results : foreign home care workers ' satisfaction was directly associated with family members ' and care recipients ' satisfaction.
in addition , the well-being of older care recipients and foreign home care workers was directly associated with their satisfaction with this arrangement.
finally , there was an inverse association between care recipients ' cognitive functioning and family members ' satisfaction.
conclusions : this study demonstrates the complex associations between the various stakeholders involved in this caregiving arrangement.
it is possible that better working conditions would result in improved satisfaction with services of all parties involved.
to this end , psychometrically sound instruments are required to advance cross-national research.
the current study builds upon previous research examining the reliability and validity of responses to a brief hebrew language version of the zarit burden interview.
for this study , factorial validity of responses to this instrument is examined relative to a representative english canadian sample of caregivers.
this finding suggests reliable translation of items from english to hebrew.
caregiver burden is discussed in the context of changing demographics and the growing prevalence of disorders affecting older adults.
the ids group showed wider cognitive decline in tests of short-term verbal memory and category verbal fluency compared to the nds group.
ids scores indicate an earlier step for conversion of smc to mci.
results : frequency of contact did not have a significant influence on psychological distress when contextual factors are controlled.
social support and the incongruence between preferred and actual social contact were significantly associated with decreased psychological distress for several outcomes.
our findings suggest that higher intra-couple levels of extraversion predict marital satisfaction , both husbands and wives.
the most notable finding to emerge from this study is that neuroticism is not associated with marital satisfaction , neither husbands nor wives.
this result stands in contrast to previously reported findings the vast majority of prior research conducted with dating and newlywed couples.
spearman's rank-order correlations and ordinal logistic regression examined religious / spiritual variables as predictors of preferences for inclusion of religion or spirituality into counseling.
results : most participants ( 77-83% ) preferred including religion and / or spirituality in therapy for anxiety and depression.
methods : in both countries , interviews were conducted with samples of @number@ persons of @number@ years and over in villages of similar socio-economic status.
in addition social support , physical functioning and the presence of chronic diseases were assessed.
further research is encouraged in populations of diverse religiosity.
objectives : peaceful mind , a cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating anxiety in persons with dementia , is a promising new treatment currently under investigation.
method : two case presentations of the benefits and challenges of including multiple caregivers in treatment are discussed.
treatment outcome data for these cases were collected as part of a larger investigation of peaceful mind.
these cases have also presented unique challenges requiring alterations in therapy structure and attention to issues of family conflict.
ibuprofen pediatric suspension ( @number@ mg / 5 ml ) was formulated with grewia gum ( @percent@ w / v ) as the suspending agent.
similar suspensions of ibuprofen containing either sodium carboxymethylcellulose ( na-cmc ) or ( hpmc ) were also produced.
the particles size was @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ μm , respectively , for suspensions containing na-cmc , ibuprofen alone , hpmc , and gg.
greatest hysteresis was observed in formulation containing hpmc.
all the formulations were stable.
gg combined better redispersion with minimal changes in viscosity on storage compared to na-cmc and hpmc as suspending agent.
thus gg may serve as a good suspending agent requiring no further aid in suspension redispersibility.
atrophic facial acne scarring is a widely prevalent condition that can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life.
the appearance of these scars is often worsened by the normal effects of aging.
depending on the type and extent of scarring , a multimodal approach is generally necessary to provide satisfactory results.
representative cases from patients in their 30s , 40s , and 50s are presented.
here , we are the first to investigate whether the expression of jagged1 in endothelial cells ( ecs ) may regulate apoptosis of vsmcs.
we discovered that vsmcs co-cultured with senescent ecs exhibited decreased susceptibility to h₂o₂-induced apoptosis compared with those co-cultured with young ecs.
senescent ecs also displayed lower jagged1 expression compared to young ecs , which was more evident after h₂o₂ stimulation.
our studies also revealed that jagged1 expressed in ecs exerted its pro-apoptotic activity by lowering expression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2.
these results demonstrate that aging reduces the susceptibility of co-cultured vsmcs to h₂o₂-induced apoptosis through impaired jagged1 expression in ecs.
purpose : few studies have focused on the aging changes in the upper eyelid.
this study evaluated the differential changes in the nasal and central fat pads of the upper eyelid associated with aging.
methods : in this retrospective , consecutive series , the medical records and photographs of @number@ patients were reviewed.
the patients were grouped in @number@ categories according to decade of life.
using a standardized scale , the volume grade of the nasal and central fat pads was graded from @number@ to @number@
statistical evaluation correlating age with central and nasal fat pad change was performed.
results : with aging , the central fat pad volume appeared to diminish , with relative sparing of the nasal fat pad.
conclusions : with aging , there appears to be a pattern of differential fat pad alteration.
teleologically , the relative preservation of nasal fat may be due to its higher abundance of neural-crest progenitor cells.
clinically , this finding has implications in esthetic and functional upper eyelid blepharoplasty.
however , literature on operative outcomes after crc procedures in the oldest old is focused primarily on operative mortality.
we hypothesize that older age will additionally impact operative morbidity after crc resections in a multihospital , risk-adjusted database.
pre- , intra- , and postoperative factors were compared by age groups.
multivariable techniques were used to assess the effects of older age on operative outcome measures , adjusting for covariates.
results : over @percent@ of our cohort was older than @number@ years.
of those , @percent@ developed major complications and @percent@ experienced prolonged length of stay ( los ) .
these unadjusted comparisons persisted in multivariable analyses demonstrating that older age independently predicted worse operative outcomes after crc procedures.
conclusions : the effects of older age extend to other important outcome measures after crc procedures beyond operative mortality.
as one of the largest multihospital studies , our study identified increased morbidity in the oldest old , a growing population.
our results should stimulate review of current policy and resource allocation.
the aim of this study is to develop strategies to screen diabetic subjects with isolated postload hyperglycemia ( iph ) in chinese population.
we included @number@ adult subjects who did not report diabetes were included.
diabetes was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests.
the sensitivity of all four risk scores to detect iph was better than that of impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) .
the sensitivity and specificity of hba1c at cutoff @percent@ for detecting iph was also better than that of ifg.
in conclusion , the risk scores and hba1c are useful to identify subjects with undiagnosed iph , with better performance than ifg.
the results show that men with strong masculinity beliefs are half as likely as men with more moderate masculinity beliefs to receive preventive care.
zebrafish ( danio rerio ) have one β1ar gene and two β2ar genes ( β2aar and β2bar ) .
we examined the roles of these receptors in larval zebrafish in vivo by assessing the impact of translational gene knockdown on cardiac function.
these results suggested a potential inhibitory role for one or both β2ar genes.
in comparison with its human βar counterpart , zebrafish β2aar expressed in hek293 cells appeared to exhibit a unique binding affinity profile for adrenergic ligands.
specifically , zebrafish β2aar had a high binding affinity for phenylephrine , a classical α-adrenergic receptor agonist.
overall , this study provides insight into the function and evolution of both fish and mammalian β-adrenergic receptors.
inflammation is a double-edged sword that can promote or suppress cancer progression.
expression of tslp therefore may be a useful prognostic marker , and its targeting could have therapeutic potential.
results : eighty-nine percent of patients at the msmc , and @percent@ of patients at the uth were extubated in the or.
conclusions : preoperatively known factors alone can predict the relative chances of deferring extubation after surgery for chd.
the early extubation strategies applied in the @number@ centers were successful in the majority of cases.
early growth response @number@ ( egr-1 ) is a transcription factor that is significantly up-regulated in ad brain.
the pathological significance of this up-regulation is not known.
by using nerve growth factor-exposed pc12 cells , we determined that egr-1 activates cdk5 to promote phosphorylation of tau and inactivates pp1 via phosphorylation.
in addition , by phosphorylating and inactivating pp1 , cdk5 promotes tau phosphorylation at ser ( @number@ ) indirectly.
th17 cells produce il-17 that plays an important role in host defense.
however , little is known about whether aging affects human th17 cells.
these findings indicate that aging differentially affects naive and memory th17 cell responses in humans.
here , we tested this hypothesis in a well-defined ad group.
mri was performed within @number@ months of lumbar puncture.
hvs were obtained using automated segmentation software.
thirty-six patients were included.
left hv correlated with csf tau ( r = @number@ ) and p-tau ( r = @number@ ) levels.
mean hvs correlated with the csf p-tau level ( r = @number@ ) .
no correlation was found between any brain measurement and csf aβ ( @number@ ) level.
background : posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) is associated with increased risk for age-related diseases and early mortality.
an accelerated rate of biological aging could contribute to this increased risk.
we also examined childhood trauma , a risk factor for both ptsd and short ltl , as a potential contributor to short ltl in ptsd.
exclusion criteria included physical illness , medication use , obesity , alcohol or substance abuse , and pregnancy.
structured clinical interviews were conducted to assess ptsd and other psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma exposure.
ltl was measured with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method.
results : as predicted , participants with ptsd had shorter age-adjusted ltl than control subjects.
exposure to childhood trauma was also associated with short ltl.
conclusions : childhood trauma is associated with short ltl in individuals with ptsd.
chronic exposure to the psychobiological sequelae of childhood trauma could increase risk for ptsd and short ltl.
thus , the lasting psychological impact of exposure to trauma in childhood might be accompanied by equally enduring changes at the molecular level.
after birth , there is striking biological and functional development of the brain's fiber tracts as well as remodeling of cortical and subcortical structures.
behavioral development in children involves a complex and dynamic set of genetically guided processes by which neural structures interact constantly with the environment.
this is a protracted process , beginning in the third week of gestation and continuing into early adulthood.
background : the aging population in prison is growing rapidly in the united kingdom.
this trend is also found in other countries worldwide.
as this population increases prison authorities will need to adjust the custody process to accommodate increasing mental and physical frailty.
subjects were assessed using the geriatric mental state examination , the mini-mental state examination and short form @number@ and their prison records.
only @percent@ of those with a psychiatric diagnosis were prescribed medication from the appropriate class.
physical problems were also common in this population with an average self-report of @number@ problems per prisoner.
conclusions : mental disorders in older prisoners are common , but despite recent training initiatives they often go undetected and untreated.
prisoners themselves accurately self-report mental disorder , but the best way of detecting dementia in the prison population remains unclear.
the psychological and physical health of this prison population was poorer than that of their community-based peers.
data sources : a search was conducted in pubmed , ovid , cinahl , and cochrane database of systematic reviews.
conclusions : there is currently a critical shortage of primary care providers and an aging population requiring management of chronic medical conditions.
a mentoring program could help the new np further develop competencies and capabilities as a provider.
however , there is a gap in the literature concerning any mentoring programs for novice nps.
nonetheless , the literature review has provided a mentoring definition , program models , desired characteristics of nurse mentors , and barriers to mentoring programs.
it has also described the benefits , goals and outcomes of a mentoring relationship.
these insights from the literature provide a foundation for future mentoring program development.
alterations in connective tissue collagen are prominent features of both chronologically aged and photoaged ( ageing because of sun exposure ) human skin.
these age-related abnormalities are mediated in part by cysteine-rich protein @number@ ( ccn1 ) .
vitamin a and its metabolites have been shown to improve chronologically aged and photoaged skin by promoting deposition of new collagen and preventing its degradation.
here , we investigated regulation of ccn1 expression by retinoids in skin equivalent cultures and chronologically aged and photoaged human skin in vivo.
addition of recombinant human ccn1 to skin equivalent cultures significantly reduced type i procollagen and increased mmp-1.
importantly , ra significantly reduced ccn1 expression in skin equivalent cultures.
these data indicate that the mechanism by which retinoids improve aged skin , through increased collagen production , involves down-regulation of ccn1.
cataracts are crystalline lens opacities leading to a loss of visual acuity.
cataracts mainly affect the elderly , and are more or less incapacitating depending on their intensity and location.
cataracts are irreversible.
they are rarely drug-related but can be caused by a wide variety of medications.
the most frequently implicated drugs are corticosteroids , even after local or inhaled treatment.
human cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ) is a ubiquitous beta human herpesvirus type @number@
usually , hcmv asymptomatically infects the host during childhood , and establishes life-long latency.
the infection is life-threatening for infants and immunocompromised individuals , because of direct cytopathicity by viral replication , causing systemic organ injuries.
intrauterine infection occasionally causes microcephaly , sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation.
hcmv genome contains a number of accessory genes.
most of them are engaged in immune evasion or inhibition of cell death , possibly , resulting in a symbiosis between virus and host.
cd34-positive myeloid progenitor cells are considered as a site of latency.
however , the molecular mechanisms by which hcmv establishes and maintains latency and reactivates remain poorly understood.
recently in japan , the decline of maternal hcmv seropositivity may increase the risk of intrauterine infection.
furthermore , hcmv infection might be considered as the most important factor for driving immune senescence in the elderly.
introduction : loss of lumbar extensor muscle strength and fatigue resistance may contribute to functional disability.
results : we found that the muscle moments generated by the extensor muscles decreased with age ( p < @number@ ) .
these changes should be considered in clinical functional task evaluation.
a non-painful fast local heating protocol was applied to the sacral skin in @number@ older subjects with various vasodilatory functions.
laser doppler flowmetry was used to measure skin blood oscillations.
our findings support the use of multifractal analysis to assess aging-related microvascular dysfunction.
furthermore , the @number@ year period prevalence of diabetes in monozygotic twins is compared with that in dizygotic twins.
we identified diabetes patients by means of three nationwide danish health registers.
restriction to various birth cohorts , known zygosity and known type @number@ diabetes did not alter the overall conclusions.
shorter survival in the elderly has been associated with deterioration of the immune system and also with functional disability.
specific antibody titers against influenza virus and cmv were determined by elisa.
individuals with worse functional status had significantly higher levels of nk cells and fewer b cells.
trec levels in cd4 + t cells were significantly lower in individuals with a high disability.
the functionally impaired group had lower anti-cd3 responses , but gradually increased responses against cmv.
similarly , the higher cmv titers were found in elderly with worse functional status.
inappropriate interleukin-6 production is thought to play a role in the development of several age-related conditions including atherosclerosis.
this study aimed to determine whether aging affects circulating interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) levels.
cytokine levels in serum and those produced from peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( pbmc ) were measured.
sub-analysis was performed according to menopausal status.
in conclusion , circulating il-6 levels may be interactively influenced by age and menopause.
cells in which nqo1 levels were decreased by rna interference exhibited increased vulnerability to death induced by 2-deoxyglucose and lactacystin.
these findings have implications for the development of therapeutic interventions for neural tumors and neurodegenerative conditions.
the development of palliative care in china is vital to the care of its aging population and associated increase in cancer incidence.
there are physician-related and population-related barriers which impede palliative care development.
the first institute for hospice care was established in tianjin.
community hospices ( ning yang yuan ) have been established by the li ka shing foundation.
the national hospice service program has developed five principles to the practice of palliative care in china.
methods : in this 3-week pilot clinical study , @number@ sedentary women who met all inclusion criteria were recruited from local communities.
we asked the participants to wear a pedometer every day and to report their daily steps using a mobile phone diary each night before retiring.
in the first week , women were asked to monitor their daily steps ( baseline steps ) .
in the second and third weeks , they were asked to increase their steps by @percent@ from the previous week.
although the pedometer can automatically store the most recent @number@ days ' performance , the participants were not informed of this function of the pedometer.
results : overall compliance was @percent@ with pedometer use and @percent@ with the mobile phone physical activity diary.
conclusion : the combination of a pedometer and a mobile phone diary may enhance the quality of self-reported data in clinical studies.
late-onset male hypogonadism ( loh ) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterised by low serum testosterone concentrations.
an understanding of the physiology of androgens in the ageing man is essential for the appropriate diagnosis of loh.
clinical assessment of androgen status relevant to clinical biochemists and chemical pathologists is outlined in this review.
current clinical guidelines and recommendations regarding the diagnosis and monitoring of loh are also summarised.
hypoglossal motoneurons ( hms ) innervate tongue muscles and are critical in maintaining patency of the upper airway during respiration.
abnormalities in hms have been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome ( sids ) and obstructive sleep apnoea.
the ability to modulate sympathetic α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle is impaired with age.
in young adults , adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) has been shown to blunt sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness similar to exercise.
forearm hyperaemia was matched across all vasodilatating conditions.
we found that the na + pic and the conductance increased during development.
these changes were advances of the normal effects of maturation.
unlabelled : aims of investigation : the chronological age of the caucasian population and their anthropometrical data have significantly changed within the last five decades.
since these values were obtained in the 1960s from subjects in a limited age range.
for the elderly , the measured values are deduced by extrapolation beyond the range of reference equations which had been obtained in a different population.
therefore decisions concerning elderly and smaller subjects concerning remuneration due to impaired lung function after industrial exposure on the basis of egks values are questionable.
measurements were performed with the masterlab , or pneumoscreen systems ( carefusion , höchberg ) .
the forced expiratory vital capacity , fvc , was calculated by fvc = @number@.0615 h - @number@.0308 a - @number@ r = @number@
mean fvc for younger subjects was found to be @number@ ± @percent@ of the eccs reference values and @number@ ± @number@ % in older subjects.
for most parameters investigated linear regressions on age were steeper than described by the eccs reference values.
the regression of lung function to height largely follows the eccs prescriptions.
a multi centre study for contemporary reference values is recommended.
data were analyzed using hermeneutic phenomenological analysis.
reasons for relationship difficulty ranged from intimate partner abuse to terminal illness.
conclusions : issues related to aging such as changes in sexual relationships , comorbidities , and partner illness complicated the women's breast cancer experience.
despite relationship difficulties , these women coped effectively with breast cancer in various ways.
study findings will increase awareness about the unique , complex needs of older women facing breast cancer with non-supportive intimate partners.
nurses should assess older breast cancer patients keeping in mind physical functioning , comorbidities , social support network , and quality of intimate partner support.
obesity can adversely affect human health , including fertility.
the present study analysed sperm samples of @number@ donors.
the men were selected from couples attending an infertility clinic , who had tried for @number@ months or more to achieve pregnancy without success.
the age of the men under investigation was recorded , and their body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated.
all semen samples were assessed for volume , concentration , motility and morphology.
sperm chromatin integrity was measured by sperm chromatin structure assay.
quality of sperm chromatin condensation was assessed by toluidine blue , aniline blue and chromomycin a3 staining.
on the other hand , ejaculate quality appeared to be affected by ageing.
introduction : little is known about risperidone metabolism in a clinical sample , where polypharmacy is common.
such knowledge is important since several of its side effects are dose dependent.
methods : medically healthy patients aged @number@ to @number@ years old treated with risperidone for at least @number@ months were enrolled.
trough serum risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentrations were measured.
moreover , cyp2d6 inhibitors more strongly affect risperidone metabolism than that of its metabolite.
the clinical implications of these findings , in relation to efficacy and tolerability , deserve further investigation.
there have been inconsistencies throughout the literature in defining disability and aging.
exemplars were identified to provide a representation of the attributes in context , and a model of disability and aging was created.
in interviews in a variety of studies , participants talked of the importance of both inner and outer resources for empowerment.
we review several moderators and mediators that may accompany mdd and that may give rise to these comorbid medical conditions.
in this model , mdd is characterized by a surfeit of potentially destructive mediators and an insufficiency of protective or restorative ones.
these factors interact in increasing the likelihood of physical disease and of accelerated aging at the cellular level.
we conclude with suggestions for novel mechanism-based therapeutics based on these mediators.
first time p53 was found in the complex with viral large t-antigene in the cells transformed by small dna virus sv40.
the cloning of p53 cdna was done in the beginning of eighties and soon after that the whole p53 gene was cloned.
all of them intensively interact with each other forming a united functional network of proteins.
male reproductive success is dependent on insemination success and reproductive output.
our results indicate that large males had greater mating capacity than small males.
for females mated to large males , this reduction became evident for females that mated fifth in sequence.
we conclude that small males experience more rapid seminal depletion than large males , and discuss the role of semen depletion in the mated female.
a 65-year-old man presented with complaints of general malaise and severe disturbance of consciousness since @number@ months prior to admission.
the contrasting effect was insignificant.
laboratory investigations showed positive results of ebv antibody titer and elevated ebv-dna in the spinal fluid.
we suspected encephalitis due to epstein-barr virus and the patient was treated with acyclovir and high dosage of steroids.
however , the patient's consciousness gradually deteriorated and he died on day @number@ of admission.
autopsy revealed proliferation of large atypical cells with clear and irregular nuclei in the brain tissue.
immunohistochemistry expressed positive eber-ish.
this case was finally diagnosed as the central nervous system involvement by age-related epstein-barr virus-associated b-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
background : increased production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species.
we therefore proposed to study the stability of mitochondrial dna under controlled experimental conditions , to understand its contribution to chronic complications of diabetes.
reactive oxygen species production was assessed in vitro by fluorescence and in vivo by nitrosylation of the proteins.
results : hyperglycaemia , when combined with hypoxia , is able to induce mitochondrial dna damage in human dermal fibroblasts.
the deleterious effect is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species , being abolished when the mitochondria electron transport is blocked.
this mitochondrial dna protection might be conferred by an increased base excision repair activity.
results : the height of telefolmin subjects , below the fifth percentile in @number@ remained below the fifth percentile in @number@
weight and bmi of peripubertal and adult age groups increased from @number@ to @number@
male and female heights at peripubertal ages were significantly greater in @number@
nevertheless , final adult height did not change significantly over the @number@ years.
conclusions : recent socioeconomic changes appear to contribute to increased weight , bmi , and stature at younger ages in the mt ok at telefomin.
we then outline possible biological explanations for observed empirical associations.
results : overall and in small-scale societies , later age at menarche is associated with shorter adult stature.
however , both between and within samples from industrialized societies , later age at menarche is associated with taller adult stature.
however , nonadaptive explanations are also plausible , especially for the positive association observed in industrialized societies.
purpose : mild to moderate chest trauma is a common disease , although its clinical characteristics are not well known.
we investigated the clinical profiles and the early and long-term outcome of hospitalized patients with chest trauma , focusing particularly on elderly patients.
methods : the clinical records of patients who were hospitalized in higashisumiyoshi morimoto hospital for chest trauma between @date@ and @date@ were retrospectively reviewed.
the clinical profiles , treatment methods , and outcomes were investigated.
the primary endpoint was a repeat visit to the hospital for another traumatic condition after discharge , and the secondary endpoint was death.
the patients were divided into two groups with respect to the age of @number@ years , and differences were compared statistically.
results : in all , @number@ patients ( @number@ men ) were hospitalized for chest trauma in our hospital between @date@ and @date@ .
the mean age was @number@ years ( 17-85 years ) .
the distribution of age showed biphasic peaks-in the tens to twenties , and sixties to seventies.
injuries were significantly more likely to be caused by a fall in elderly patients than in younger patients ( p < @number@ ) .
the elderly patients revisited our hospital with another trauma more frequently than did the younger patients ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : elderly patients were likely to suffer both falls and a further traumatic condition.
this probably reflects the general deterioration of physical abilities , such as lowered cognitive and somatic performances.
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most common conditions associated with the aging male.
as with any form of surgical intervention , long-term results define success.
long-term follow-up consists of examining overall efficacy with attention to associated adverse events.
turp has the luxury of the longest follow-up , while less invasive forms of treatment starting to acquire long-term data.
unlabelled : a comprehensive review of literature was conducted to investigate variation in hip fracture incident rates around the world.
the original crude incidence rates were standardized for age and sex for comparability.
after standardization , the highest rates of hip fracture were found in scandinavia and the lowest rates in africa.
introduction : this study was conducted to investigate the geographic trends of the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures through a comprehensive review of literature.
methods : studies were identified for inclusion in the review by searching the medline database via pubmed and applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.
results : forty-six full text articles spanning @number@ countries / regions were included in the review.
the highest hip fracture rates were found in scandinavia and the lowest in africa.
we found comparable rates from countries in north america , australia , and europe outside of scandinavia.
the geographic trends observed in hip fracture incidence rates can provide important clues to etiology and prevention.
the inability of cells to maintain protein folding homeostasis is implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases , malignant transformation , and aging.
we find that multiphoton fluorescence imaging of ( ans ) can be used to assess cellular responses to protein misfolding stresses.
ans is relatively nontoxic and enters live cells and cells or tissues fixed in formalin.
ans imaging also highlights non-amyloid deposits of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain tumors.
cultured cells under normal growth conditions possess a number of ans-binding structures.
high levels of ans fluorescence are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) , golgi , and lysosomes-regions of protein folding and degradation.
nuclei are virtually devoid of ans binding sites.
additional ans binding is triggered by hyperthermia , thermal lesioning , proteasome inhibition , and induction of er stress.
we also use multiphoton imaging of ans binding to follow the in vivo recovery of cells from protein-damaging insults over time.
we find that ans fluorescence tracks with the binding of the molecular chaperone hsp70 in compartments where hsp70 is present.
ans highlights the sensitivity of specific cellular targets , including the nucleus and particularly the nucleolus , to thermal stress and proteasome inhibition.
multiphoton imaging of ans binding should be a useful probe for monitoring protein misfolding stress in cells.
objectives : to examine the association of life events and social support in the broadly defined category of depression in late life.
introduction : negative life events and lack of social support are associated with depression in the elderly.
currently , there are limited studies examining the association between life events , social support and late-life depression in brazil.
methods : we estimated the frequency of late-life depression within a household community sample of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years or greater with associated factors.
" old age symptomatic depression " was defined using the composite international diagnostic interview @number@ tool.
social support and life events were assessed using the comprehensive assessment and referral evaluation ( short-care ) inventory.
results : " old age symptomatic depression " occurred in @percent@ of the patients in the tested sample.
in univariate analyses , this condition was associated with female gender , lifetime anxiety disorder and living alone.
also , further exploration of the role of lifetime anxiety disorder in late-life depression may be of future importance.
conclusions : we believe that this study helps to provide insight into the role of psychosocial factors in late-life depression.
unexpectedly , in critically ill icu patients akt-mtor-s6k signaling was substantially higher compared with controls.
foxo1 mrna was higher in patients , whereas foxo3 , atrogin1 and myostatin mrnas and murf1 protein were lower compared with controls.
a moderate correlation ( r2 = 0.36 , p < 0.05 ) between insulin infusion dose and phosphorylated akt was demonstrated.
optimisation of the model is much needed for the study of new anti-malarial drugs , drug combinations , and candidate vaccines.
results : we demonstrate here the role of aging , of inosine and of the il-2 receptor γ mutation in controlling p. falciparum induced inflammation.
however , results show that a major il-12p70 inflammatory response remains prevalent.
height was measured with a digital height measurer.
body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated as body weight ( km ) divided by the square of height ( m ) .
peaks were seen in the velocity curve at @number@ and @number@ years , but the mpv was presumed to be at @number@ years.
a significant increase of nitrated bvr-a was demonstrated only in ad and mci hippocampi , whereas no significant modifications were found in cerebellar tissue.
biliverdin reductase-bound 4-hydroxynonenals were not modified in hippocampi and cerebella from ad and mci subjects.
previous studies have reported immunoglobulin-positive neurons in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brains , an observation indicative of blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) breakdown.
recently , we demonstrated the nearly ubiquitous presence of brain-reactive autoantibodies in human sera.
the significance of these observations to ad pathology is unknown.
replacement of human sera with antibodies targeting abundant neuronal surface proteins resulted in a comparable enhancement of aβ ( @number@ ) accumulation in mouse neurons.
the present study solves this contradiction.
we also confirm that aged trpv1 ( - / - ) mice are overweight.
we conclude that trpv1 channels are involved in the regulation of both general locomotor activity and body mass in an age-dependent manner.
the mechanisms leading to these changes are poorly understood.
here we discuss homeostatic causes for b lineage immunosenescence , and the potential for its rejuvenation.
the term laminopathies defines a group of genetic disorders caused by defects in the nuclear envelope , mostly the lamins.
however , nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of calorie restriction ( cr ) with adequate nutrition on body temperature in humans.
the cr and ex groups were significantly leaner than the wd group.
this adaptation is likely due to cr itself , rather than to leanness , and may be involved in slowing the rate of aging.
background : effective antiretroviral therapy has reduced the risk of aids and dramatically prolonged the survival of hiv-infected people in the united states.
consequently , an increasing number of hiv-infected people are at risk of non-aids-defining cancers that typically occur at older ages.
we estimated the annual number of cancers in the hiv-infected population , both with and without aids , in the united states.
estimated counts of the us hiv-infected and aids populations were obtained from centers for disease control and prevention surveillance data.
we tested trends in counts and standardized incidence rates using linear regression models.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
during 1991-2005 , an estimated @number@ @number@ cancers occurred in the aids population.
conclusions : over a 15-year period ( 1991-2005 ) , increases in non-aids-defining cancers were mainly driven by growth and aging of the aids population.
this growing burden requires targeted cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
objective : temporal lobe resection is an established treatment for medication-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy , which in recent years has increasingly been performed in children.
however , little is known about the long-term outcome in these children.
methods : we report the long-term follow-up of @number@ children who underwent temporal lobe surgery after an average postoperative period of @number@ years.
a well-matched nonsurgical comparison group of @number@ children with similar clinical characteristics was also assessed.
results : at follow-up , @percent@ of the surgical group were seizure-free , and @percent@ were no longer taking antiepileptic medication.
a significant increase in iq was found in the surgical group after an extended follow-up period of > 5 years.
this iq change was not found in the nonsurgical comparison group.
iq increases were associated with cessation of antiepileptic medication and changes in mri-derived gray matter volume.
objective : to identify age-related changes in human meibomian glands that may be associated with meibomian gland dysfunction ( mgd ) .
dermatologic history , age , and presence of mgd were recorded.
results : staining for pparγ showed cytoplasmic and nuclear localization in the @number@ youngest subjects ( ages , @number@ and @number@ years ) .
there was also a significant correlation between mg expression grade and cd45 cell infiltration ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : these results indicate that aging human meibomian glands show decreased meibocyte differentiation and cell cycling that is associated with the development of mgd.
findings also suggest that altered pparγ signaling may lead to acinar atrophy and development of an age-related hyposecretory mgd.
clinical relevance : meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye are common age-related eyelid disorders.
understanding the underlying mechanism of mgd may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease.
although this daily circadian rhythm is brain-controlled , its mechanism is encoded by cell-autonomous circadian clocks functioning in nearly every cell of the body.
in fact , human clock properties measured in peripheral cells such as fibroblasts closely mimic those measured physiologically and behaviorally in the same subjects.
further experiments demonstrated that this effect is caused by a thermolabile factor present in serum of older individuals.
multitasking negatively influences the retention of information over brief periods of time.
this impact of interference on working memory is exacerbated with normal aging.
we used functional mri to investigate the neural basis by which an interruption is more disruptive to working memory performance in older individuals.
younger and older adults engaged in delayed recognition tasks both with and without interruption by a secondary task.
behavioral analysis revealed that working memory performance was more impaired by interruptions in older compared with younger adults.
however , unlike younger individuals , older adults failed to both disengage from the interruption and reestablish functional connections associated with the disrupted memory network.
objectives : despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of cohabitation among older adults , the caregiving literature has exclusively focused on formally married individuals.
extending prior work on intra-couple care , this study contrasts frail cohabitors ' patterns of care receipt from a partner to that of frail spouses.
discussion : cohabitation and marriage have distinct implications for older adults ' patterns of partner care receipt.
major advances in the understanding of neuroplasticity have to date yielded few established interventions.
to advance the translation of neuroplasticity research towards clinical applications , the national institutes of health blueprint for neuroscience research sponsored a workshop in @number@
lessons can be gleaned from studying fields related to plasticity , such as development , critical periods , learning and response to disease.
improved means of assessing neuroplasticity in humans , including biomarkers for predicting and monitoring treatment response , are needed.
neuroplasticity occurs with many variations , in many forms , and in many contexts.
integration of information across disciplines should enhance opportunities for the translation of neuroplasticity and circuit retraining research into effective clinical therapies.
previous twin studies report no heritability of parkinson's disease ( pd ) based on cross sectional information.
in the longitudinal analyses ( based on @number@ individuals ) , we identified @number@ twins with pd and @number@ twins with parkinsonism.
concordance rates for pd were @percent@ for monozygotic and @percent@ for same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs , with a heritability estimate of @percent@.
concordance rates for pd or parkinsonism were @percent@ for monozygotic and @percent@ for same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs , with a heritability estimate of @percent@.
in the cross sectional analyses ( based on @number@ individuals ) , we identified @number@ twins with pd and @number@ twins with parkinsonism.
concordance rates for pd were @percent@ for monozygotic and same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs and @number@ for opposite-sexed twin pairs.
concordance rates for pd or parkinsonism were somewhat higher but the heritability estimate was nonsignificant.
our longitudinal analyses demonstrate that pd and parkinsonism are modestly heritable.
epigenetic modifications help orchestrate sweeping developmental , aging , and disease-causing changes in phenotype by altering transcriptional activity in multiple genes spanning multiple biologic pathways.
because of their reach across the genome , epigenetic mechanisms may provide a unique integrative framework for the pathologic diversity and complexity of ad.
the results show that apoe e4 was a significant effect modifier.
significant associations were found only in apoe e4 noncarriers ( n = @number@ ) .
in apoe e4 carriers , the negative association between the ratio of campesterol to cholesterol and memory reached borderline significance.
future research should focus on the interaction between ( disturbed ) cholesterol homeostasis and apoe e4 status with respect to dementia.
background : relationship between respiratory morbidity and influenza virus has been well-documented in infants , whatever their age.
however , in spite of severe cardiac and respiratory events of central origin , autonomic dysfunction potentially induced by this virus is poorly understood.
we thus explored the autonomic nervous system ( ans ) profile of infected infants during the @number@ pandemic influenza disease.
the same recordings were performed in @number@ control subjects , paired for gestational and postnatal age.
results : the group of infants less than @number@ year had similar value as control group.
conclusion : nvh1n1 infection in child could be associated with severe central autonomic dysfunction.
due to potential severe consequences , a systematic evaluation of autonomic regulation should be performed in order to avoid dramatic events.
purpose : the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how informatics applications can support the assessment and visualization of older adults ' wellness.
a theoretical framework is presented that informs the design of a technology enhanced screening platform for wellness.
methods : a demonstration project was introduced in an independent retirement community to validate our theoretical framework of informatics and wellness assessment for older adults.
conclusion : informatics can advance health care for older adults and support a holistic assessment of older adults ' wellness.
the present study examines the prediction that emotion can facilitate short-term memory.
nevertheless , emotion also recruits attention to process information , thereby disrupting short-term memory when tasks involve high attentional resources.
fourteen patients with mild ad , @number@ healthy older participants ( nc ) , and @number@ younger adults ( ya ) performed two tasks.
the second task , a binding memory task , required the recognition by participants of a picture according to its spatial location.
the attentional cost involved was higher than for the first task.
the pattern of results showed that visual memory performance was better for negative stimuli than for neutral ones , irrespective of the group.
taken together , these results show that emotion has beneficial effects on visual short-term memory in ageing and ad.
in contrast , emotion does not improve their performances in the binding condition.
the soc is an important determinant of life satisfaction of elderly people.
it determines the level of coping with various difficult situations , which accompany an old age stage.
the aim of the study was to determine the connection between the soc levels and life satisfaction among the u3a students.
another analyzed relationship was the soc level against the background of socio-demographic factors.
the study comprised @number@ students of the u3a in poland , located in the city of bydgoszcz.
the study group consisted of @number@ women and @number@ men , at the average age of @number@ ± @number@ years.
the vast majority of the study group included individuals at the secondary education level , as well as married individuals.
just over half of the group claimed to be in good health , and have no afflictions.
all of the respondents were fully mobile.
the average value of global soc was @number@ the standard deviation @time@ ; discrepancy @number@ ( minimum @number@ and maximum @number@ ) .
the qol reached about @percent@ of maximum result value , showing equal levels in its specific areas.
individual soc components were also negatively correlated with depression.
another observation was weak correlation between the sense of coherence and the individuals ' level of education.
no statistically significant effect of age , gender and marital status on the soc levels of u3a students was found.
however , the nature of asymptomatic hiv-associated minor neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) remains unclear.
methods : participants included @number@ hiv-1 infected younger ( aged 20-40 ) and @number@ hiv-1 older patients ( aged 50-75 ) .
comparisons were made with @number@ age- and education-matched younger and @number@ matched older healthy seronegative males.
results : we found significant effects of ageing on memory , grey and white matter measures.
however , we did find reduced grey matter volume on mri in our hiv-positive participants within the medial and superior frontal gyri.
we also found significant ageing effects in fronto-temporal grey and white matter , independent of the effect of hiv.
conclusions : the results from this study suggest that hiv-1 disease by itself does not significantly impair cognitive function when patients are otherwise asymptomatic.
nevertheless , the imaging techniques were sensitive enough to detect subtle grey matter changes not normally evident until much later in the disease.
if confirmed in a longitudinal study this frontal grey matter change could represent an important biomarker for trials in hiv disease.
malnutrition after hip fracture is common and associated with poor outcomes and protracted recovery.
it was also hypothesized that vitamin e concentrations shortly after hip fracture would be lower than those in nonfracture controls after adjustment for covariates.
mean γ-tocopherol did not change appreciably throughout the year after fracture , although it fluctuated widely within individuals.
serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were highest among the hip fracture population after adjustment ( p < @number@ ) .
in general , highly cognitively and physically functioning hip fracture patients demonstrated higher vitamin e concentrations.
thus , the relatively high degree of function among this cohort of hip fracture patients may explain their higher-than-expected vitamin e concentrations.
adoption rate and usability of such devices among the aging is far from being satisfactory.
the aging patient population has unique needs arising from progressive deterioration in both physiological and psychological abilities.
these needs are often ignored in the design , development , trial and adoption of consumer health products resulting in low adoption and usage.
the adoption of user profile and persona has not received much attention in health care informatics research and , in particular , research involving cht.
our work begins to fill this void in three ways.
in fact , the number of diabetic patients in china is estimated to rise to @number@ million in @number@ from @number@ million in @number@
thus , we investigate the chinese aging population in order to demonstrate the process of developing and using user profile and persona.
osteoporosis is a common condition associated with aging but has been considered to primarily affect women because of the substantial effect of menopause on osteoporosis.
bone density can decrease with aging in men but occurs more gradually than in postmenopausal women.
with improvements in healthcare and extended life expectancy , it is becoming more apparent that osteoporosis affects men and can have serious consequences.
recently , a greater number of osteoporosis studies are either including men or focusing specifically on them.
the majority of medication trials in men , however , used bone density as the primary outcome rather than fractures.
therefore , treatment data for men is still rather limited , and there is also very little information in the oldest subset of this population.
the more recent guidelines for treating osteoporosis now include men , but the recommendations for screening and treatment are not necessarily gender specific.
despite the limited data , some osteoporosis treatments have received approval to treat or prevent osteoporosis specifically in men.
the oldest group is important because they are at the highest risk for both osteoporosis-related complications and treatment-related adverse events.
low urine ph predisposes to uric acid stone formation.
hypocitraturia and hypercalciuria are risk factors for calcium stone disease.
high dietary acid load is more likely to result in diabetes and systemic hypertension and may increase the cardiovascular risk.
as a woman propagates , this circular interaction is then transmitted to the next generation.
we need an understanding of the clinical processes , the time course , the natural history , and disruptors of these processes.
our future research agenda should investigate how reproduction affects health and how health affects reproduction.
as the current generation of polysaccharide vaccines do not provide sufficient protection for elderly , new vaccination strategies are urgently needed.
we found naturally acquired antibodies to all three proteins in all age groups against all three antigens.
however , elderly individuals had significantly lower igg levels to pcsb and psaa compared to those of younger donors.
there was no significant age-related difference in the overall rate of t cell immunity for the three pneumococcal proteins.
however , in elderly persons there was a lower percentage of pbmc samples producing more than one cytokine upon antigenic stimulation.
the narrow cytokine secretion pattern was the most striking difference between elderly and younger adult age groups.
our results demonstrate that in the majority of adults there is a naturally acquired humoral and cellular immune response to the three pneumococcal proteins tested.
platelet-rich plasma ( prp ) , a high concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma , is known to enhance tissue healing.
objective : to evaluate the benefits of prp in the wound healing process after fxcr.
materials and methods : twenty-five subjects were treated with fxcr on the bilateral inner arms.
transepidermal water loss ( tewl ) and skin color were measured on both sides.
skin biopsies were also taken from five subjects on day @number@
results : significantly faster recovery of tewl was seen on the prp-treated side.
the erythema index and melanin index on the prp-treated side were lower than on the control side.
biopsy specimens from the prp-treated side showed thicker collagen bundles than those from the control side.
conclusion : application of autologous prp is an effective method for enhancing wound healing and reducing transient adverse effects after fxcr treatment.
a medline search was conducted , reviewing english-language publications from @number@ to @date@ .
the effect of daily ingestion of collagen hydrolysate ( ch ) on skin extracellular matrix proteins was investigated.
four-week-old male wistar rats were fed a modified ain-93 diet containing @percent@ casein as the reference group or ch as the treatment group.
a control group was established in which animals were fed a non-protein-modified ain-93 diet.
the diets were administered continuously for @number@ weeks when six fresh skin samples from each group were assembled and subjected to extraction of protein.
type i and iv collagens were studied by immunoblot , and activities of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) @number@ and @number@ were assessed by zymography.
moreover , ch uptake significantly decreased both proenzyme and active forms of mmp2 compared with casein and control groups ( p < @number@ ) .
in contrast , ch ingestion did not influence on mmp9 activity.
these results suggest that ch may reduce aging-related changes of the extracellular matrix by stimulating anabolic processes in skin tissue.
in addition , cognitive reserve was investigated by testing whether education affected the onset or rate of decline across these domains.
change points were then assessed separately for high- and low-education groups.
the rate of decline was two to four times greater in the terminal phase relative to the preterminal phase , depending on the domain.
analyses were repeated excluding participants diagnosed with dementia , with no substantive change to the outcomes.
in conclusion , the rate and onset of terminal decline varied somewhat across cognitive domains.
education affected terminal decline differently across the domains , but this modification was not consistent with the predictions of cognitive reserve theory.
self-referencing has been identified as an advantageous mnemonic strategy for young and older adults.
experiment @number@ assessed the effects of self- and other-referencing on memory for visually detailed pictures of objects in thirty-two young and thirty-two older adults.
experiment @number@ extended these findings to source memory , with young and older adults encoding verbal information in self-referent , semantic , and structural conditions.
findings suggest that self-referencing provides an age-equivalent boost in general memory and specific memory for specific source details.
we conclude that the mnemonic benefits of referencing the self extend to specific memory for visual and verbal information across the lifespan.
face cognition is considered a specific human ability , clearly differentiable from general cognitive functioning.
its specificity is primarily supported by cognitive-experimental and neuroimaging research , but recently also from an individual differences perspective.
the present study aimed to fill this gap.
in an age-heterogeneous ( 18-82 years ) sample of @number@ adults , we found no factorial dedifferentiation between face cognition and general cognition.
age-related differences in face memory were still salient after taking into account changes in general cognitive functioning.
face cognition thus remains a specific human ability compared with general cognition , even until old age.
we discuss implications for models of cognitive aging and suggest that it is necessary to include more explicitly special social abilities in those models.
we charted daily variations in intrusive thoughts to gain access to adult age differences in affective reactivity to daily stressors.
on @number@ days , @number@ younger and @number@ older adults reported stressors , intrusive thoughts , and negative affect.
relative to younger adults , all three associations were reduced in older adults.
we tentatively conclude that normal aging dampens the stress-induced link between intrusive thoughts and affect.
this dampening may contribute to preserved affective well-being and reduced affective reactivity to daily stress in old age.
this study examined competing substantive hypotheses about dynamic ( i.e. , time-ordered ) links between memory and functional limitations in old age.
results revealed that better memory predicted shallower increases in functional limitations.
little evidence was found for the opposite direction that functional limitations predict ensuing changes in memory.
spline models indicated that dynamic associations between memory and functional limitations were substantively similar between participants aged 70-79 and those aged 80-95.
potential covariates ( gender , education , health conditions , and depressive symptoms ) did not account for these differential lead-lag associations.
applying a multivariate approach , our results suggest that late-life developments in two key components of successful aging are intrinsically interrelated.
how do aging and prior knowledge affect memory and metamemory ?
results showed that prior knowledge increased recollection in both age groups such that older adults recollected significantly more 1950s actors than younger adults.
in experiment @number@ participants read two types of sentences , one of which contained a doubly center embedded relative clause.
this pattern suggests an age-related decrease in the efficiency of parsing and interpretation.
however , the poorer comprehension performance of older individuals indicates that their slower online processing reflects inefficient processing even at these points.
some wood substances such as ellagitannins can be extracted during wine aging in oak barrels.
the level of these hydrolyzable tannins in wine depends of some parameters of oak wood.
their impact on the organoleptic perception of red wine is poorly known.
a good correlation between the nirs classification and the concentration of ellagitannins in red wine aging in contact with the classified staves was observed.
the shortage of physicians and resultant lack of access to care particularly on the rural neighbor islands of hawaii has been well described.
( @number@ ) similar reports suggest that hawaii's physician workforce lags @percent@ behind physician to population ratios in the continental us.
the existing physician shortage is heightened by the high percentage of doctors reaching retirement age.
high business and living costs coupled with low reimbursement for health services makes it difficult to be competitive when recruiting physicians to hawaii.
are there evidence based solutions to the state rural primary care workforce crisis ?
recently , rpe cells were generated from hips cells.
however , there is no evidence that those hips-derived rpe possess specific rpe functions that fully distinguish them from other types of cells.
the hips-rpe could therefore be a very good candidate for rpe replacement therapy in amd.
however , these cells show rapid telomere shortening , dna chromosomal damage , and increased p21 expression that cause cell growth arrest.
future research needs to focus on the generation of \ "safe \ " as well as viable hips-derived somatic cells.
oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the antioxidant and the reactive oxygen species , which results in damage to cells or tissues.
recent studies have reported that oxidative stress is involved in obesity , in addition to many other human diseases and aging.
methods : we analysed data from adults interviewed for the @number@ english national psychiatric morbidity survey , representative of people living in private homes.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) of people approached completed information about our main outcome measure , a single item measure of happiness.
we compared happiness between younger adults ( aged 16-59 ) and those aged 60-69 , 70-79 and 80 + .
levels of happiness did not vary with age.
social capital and participation predicted happiness across the age span.
however , the impact of several variables was moderated by age.
compared with younger people , living with a partner more strongly predicted happiness in people in their 70s.
conclusion : four out of @number@ people reported being very happy , and five out of @number@ were fairly happy.
this is higher than levels reported in earlier surveys.
results : decline and acceleration of this decline were detectable in the period before death.
motor overflow is involuntary overt movement or covert muscle activity that cooccurs with voluntary movement.
this motor phenomenon may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and kinetic characteristics of voluntary and involuntary motor control in various populations.
issues regarding the interpretation and reporting of findings are also discussed.
the ps externalization provides a signal for phagocytes to initiate uptake of apoptotic cells.
ps-containing liposomes ( psls ) can mimic the effects of apoptotic cells on phagocytes to induce the secretion of pge ( @number@ ) .
moreover , psls inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells and osteoclast precursors.
therefore , psls will be potential pharmacological interventions for inflammatory and immune diseases through feedback mechanism utilizing pge ( @number@ ) .
the effect of continuous visual flow on the ability to regain and maintain postural orientation was examined.
the support surface was held tilted for @number@ s and then returned to neutral over a 30-s period while the visual field continued to rotate.
segmental displacement and bilateral tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle emg responses were recorded.
continuous wavelet transforms were calculated for each muscle emg response.
functional component weights were calculated and compared with mixed model repeated measures anovas.
muscle emg responses differed most in the period following support surface tilt indicating that muscle activity increased to support stabilization against the visual flow.
results on a rod and frame test indicated that older women were significantly more visually dependent than the younger women.
we concluded that a stiffer body combined with heightened visual sensitivity in older women critically interferes with their ability to counteract posturally destabilizing environments.
age-related mechanisms that lead to sarcopenia are not entirely understood.
we determined whether pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) , marker of arterial stiffness , was associated with skeletal muscle decline.
observational cohort study of older adults ( 70-79 years ) living in pittsburgh , pa , usa or memphis , tn , usa.
analyses included @number@ participants.
correlations among muscle parameters including skeletal muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue using mid-thigh ct scans were assessed.
si was defined : appendicular lean mass / squared height and calculated at every follow-up ( n = @number@ ) .
baseline analyses showed an independent negative association between pwv and muscle parameters after adjusting for confounders in both genders.
the pwv-by-race interaction was significant in women and analyses are reported separately by race.
in older persons , arterial stiffening is associated with skeletal muscle mass decline differently for race and gender.
this study investigated the fracture resistance of three different zirconia fixed partial dentures ( fpds ) with different cementation methods.
forty-eight three-unit fpds were adhesively bonded ( ab ) or conventionally cemented ( cc ) .
sixteen glass-infiltrated zirconia fpds were used as a control.
fracture resistance was determined after aging.
the control group provided significantly lower fracture strength.
regarding fracture resistance , adhesive bonding or conventional cementation of zirconia fpds showed no restrictions for posterior application.
this study examined prospective relationships between religious factors and hippocampal volume change using high-resolution mri data of a sample of @number@ older adults.
religious factors assessed included life-changing religious experiences , spiritual practices , and religious group membership.
significantly greater hippocampal atrophy was observed for participants reporting a life-changing religious experience.
these associations were not explained by psychosocial or demographic factors , or baseline cerebral volume.
hippocampal volume has been linked to clinical outcomes , such as depression , dementia , and alzheimer's disease.
the findings of this study indicate that hippocampal atrophy in late life may be uniquely influenced by certain types of religious factors.
the zebrafish has proven to be a tractable model organism for studying both development and aging at the molecular genetic level.
zebrafish show an array of senescence symptoms resembling those in humans , which can be targeted to specific aging pathways conserved in vertebrates.
however , no zebrafish models bearing human premature senescence currently exist.
impairments in these fish arise in the skin , muscle and adipose tissue , and sometimes in the cartilage.
interestingly , the abnormal muscle and lipodystrophic phenotypes were common in both cases.
visualization of individual cells expressing zebrafish progerin ( zprogerin / zlamin a-δ37 ) fused to green fluorescent protein further revealed misshapen nuclear membrane.
a farnesyltransferase inhibitor reduced these nuclear abnormalities and significantly prevented embryonic senescence and muscle fiber damage induced by zprogerin.
conclusion : we generated new zebrafish models for a human premature aging disorder , and further demonstrated the utility for studying laminopathies.
premature aging could also be modeled in zebrafish embryos.
free testosterone ( cft ) was calculated.
multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess their relationship with measures of adiposity.
two hundred and seven men aged 54-86 years were studied.
on univariate analysis wht ratio was more strongly correlated with tt and cft than either wc or bmi.
in conclusion , wht ratio is the best anthropometric predictor of both tt and cft in this group of healthy but symptomatic ageing men.
objective : the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of age and visual content on cross-modal enhancement of auditory speech detection.
older adults , in contrast , exhibited significant cross-modal enhancement only with the unaltered face.
conclusions : results of this study suggest that visual signal content affects cross-modal enhancement of speech detection in both young and older adults.
they also support a hypothesized age-related deficit in processing low-contrast visual speech stimuli , even in older adults with normal contrast sensitivity.
purpose of review : levels of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) are known to decline with age.
in an era of increasing use of supplements to better life , the benefits of dhea in the aging female population are controversial.
the goal of this article is to critically review published studies to determine if there is a role for dhea supplementation in postmenopausal women.
recent findings : daily administration of oral dhea achieves serum concentrations similar to those of women in their 20s.
use of intravaginal dhea , but not oral dhea , alleviates vaginal atrophy and improves sexual function in postmenopausal women.
summary : on the basis of current evidence , there is no role for oral dhea supplementation in healthy , postmenopausal women.
where benefits have been shown , long-term studies are needed to confirm these benefits and verify the safety profile of dhea.
cholesterol levels in general rise with age and high cholesterol has been associated with extreme longevity.
the relationship between lipids and cardiovascular events in the extreme elderly is unclear.
there is no direct equivalent of the hypertension in the very elderly trial ( hyvet ) study of antihypertensive patients in the extreme elderly.
patient safety is an overarching theme inherent in hospital care.
the aging of the population increases the potential for serious consequences from a lapse in safety.
educating intensive care unit nursing team members in early recognition of delirium and other fall risk factors can improve patient safety outcomes.
the geriatric resource nurse model was used to achieve a reduction in falls through standardized delirium screening and implementation of fall prevention strategies.
after a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ men and @number@ women developed new chd events.
in multivariate analysis , lp ( a ) cholesterol was not significantly associated with chd risk in men.
in women , no association between lp ( a ) and chd risk was observed.
elevated plasma lp ( a ) levels are a significant and independent predictor of chd risk in men.
the assessment of apo ( a ) isoform size in this cohort does not add significant information about chd risk.
in addition , the cholesterol content in lp ( a ) is not a significant predictor of chd risk.
objective : to investigate changes of gags during intrinsic aging and photoaging of human skin and their correlations with water content.
results : in the buttock , ha was higher in dermis than in epidermis , while tsgag and tua were higher in epidermis.
in intrinsically aged buttock , epidermal ha and dermal tsgag and tua decreased.
however , when analyzed for each gender , epidermal tsgag , tua , and tissue water decreased only in females.
forearm / buttock ratios of each molecule were compared for determination of photoaging-dependent changes.
correlations of water content with ha , tsgag , and tua were found in epidermis , but not with tsgag in dermis.
morphological changes in the lips during ageing , including labial volume , area and thickness were assessed in healthy individuals.
three-dimensional ( 3d ) stone labial models were made , digitized , and 3d virtual reproductions obtained.
labial thickness , vermilion area , and volume of the upper and lower lips were measured from the digital reconstructions.
the data were compared using three-way anova.
upper to lower lip ratios were not significantly different between sexes or ages.
generally , young people have a larger lip area and thickness than aged ones and men had larger lips than women.
the upper / lower lip ratios for area and volume were similar in the two genders.
the cst mental health and trauma items did not perform well as scales with cronbach's alphas of @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the cst-sa is a short , reliable , and valid measure of sa.
basic neuropsychological and psychiatric measures were administered to all participants.
cocaine abusers performed more poorly than controls on tmt a ( p < @number@ ) .
older and younger cocaine abusers used similar amounts of cocaine ( p > @number@ ) .
older cocaine abusers performed more poorly than older control participants and younger cocaine abusers on the digit span forward ( p < @number@ ) .
older cocaine abusers also performed more poorly than younger cocaine abusers on tmt a ( p < @number@ ) .
formation and accumulation of ages is related with the aging process and is accelerated in diabetes.
the pathogenic role of ages in vascular diabetic complications is widely recognised.
in this article we review the role of ages in type @number@ diabetes , beyond their involvement in vascular complications.
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population.
untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short-term and long-term.
we need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments are available.
positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating osa.
alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options.
gene expression changes in the brain affect cognition during normal and pathological aging.
progress in understanding the cellular processes regulating gene expression networks in cognition is relevant to develop therapeutic interventions for age-related cognitive disorders.
creb signaling is essential for long-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity that mediates the conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory.
creb signaling has been recently involved in several brain pathological conditions including cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.
we also discuss the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on creb targeting to ameliorate cognitive decline in aging and cognitive disorders.
autophagy is a critical pathway for the degradation of intracellular components by lysosomes.
decreased autophagic function in particular may promote the initial development of hepatic steatosis and progression of steatosis to liver injury.
additional functions of autophagy in immune responses and carcinogenesis may also contribute to the development of nash and its complications.
cutaneous melanoma ( cm ) is a highly curable skin cancer of melanocytes if diagnosed early.
unfortunately , its invasion into the deeper dermis increases the risk of it spreading to the lymph nodes and distant organs.
comprehensive efforts will need to be directed towards early diagnosis , as well as developing safe and effective treatment.
identifying these imbalances might help harness novel immune-based treatment of mm in selected elderly patients.
the american occupational therapy association's centennial vision articulates the strategic goals for the profession to be science driven and evidence based in major practice areas.
the current review article is divided into two parts.
part @number@ provides an update on the types of research published on productive aging in ajot in the past @number@ yr ( 2009-2010 ) .
the paper describes the participation of parasites in the regulation of the physiology of development and reproduction of their hosts.
the observed increase in the hosts ' lifespan is shown to confer a significant selective advantage for a pathogen in some parasitic systems.
the parasite-induced increase in the longevity of a host is accompanied ( provided ) by its reduced reproduction.
they have the same scientific classification and are reported to have anti-inflammatory and many therapeutic effects.
background : studies have shown that oxidative stress increases with increasing human age.
protein carbonyl accumulation is an indicator of oxidative damage to proteins during aging in cells and tissues.
the present study is focused on the relationship between human age and protein oxidation in erythrocyte membranes in a healthy indian population.
materials and methods : the sample included healthy human subjects ( n = @number@ ) between the ages of @number@ to @number@ years.
their blood was collected and assayed spectrophotometrically for oxidative protein damage in terms of protein carbonyls and plasma antioxidant capacity in terms of frap.
conclusion : our results substantiate the occurrence of oxidative stress during human aging.
elevated erythrocyte membrane carbonyl levels found with increasing age in this study may be viewed as a biomarker for aging.
patient and informant characteristics were compared between those with and without nsd by dementia diagnosis ( dlb and probable ad ) .
in ad , but not dlb , patients , nsd was associated with more advanced disease.
comorbidity of nsd with hallucinations , agitation and apathy was higher in dlb than in ad.
there was also evidence that the percentage of dlb cases with nsd showed wide variation across centers.
objective : a sequential sputum analysis was conducted to assess the value of sp-a , sp-d and kl-6 levels in copd.
sputum was collected in @number@ fractions ( @number@ periods of @number@ min each ) .
sputum levels of these proteins correlated inversely with obstruction and positively with ageing , smoking history , sputum macrophages and eosinophils.
sputum fractionation had a relatively minor effect on the levels and auc of these proteins.
however , sputum fractionation itself had a relatively minor effect on the levels of these proteins.
the cytoplasmic domain of band @number@ serves as a center of erythrocyte membrane organization and constitutes the major substrate of erythrocyte tyrosine kinases.
chronological age is a well-established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
the changes that accumulate in the vasculature with age , however , are highly variable.
it is now increasingly recognized that indices of vascular health are more reliable than age per se in predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
the variation in the accrual of these age-related vascular changes is a function of multiple genetic and environmental factors.
in this review , we highlight some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that characterize the vascular aging phenotype.
it is not known whether there is a relationship between plasma levels of secreted klotho protein and longevity in humans.
results : during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the participants died.
conclusions : in older community-dwelling adults , plasma klotho is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality.
further studies are needed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms by which circulating klotho could affect longevity in humans.
the proportion of individuals being unaware of an olfactory dysfunction was high in both middle aged ( @percent@ ) and old ( @percent@ ) participants.
the classified blocks are then used to design an efficient graph-cut based segmentation algorithm.
content-based refinements and morphological operations are then applied to obtain the final segmentation.
the performance of the proposed system is evaluated by testing it on @number@ mr images from the osteoarthritis initiative ( oai ) database.
this database included a selection of single images containing the femur and tibia from @number@ subjects with varying levels of osteoarthritis severity.
the results show an automatic bone detection rate of @number@ and an average segmentation accuracy of @number@ using the dice similarity index.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease which occurs at more than @percent@ in populations aging 65-years and over.
recently , leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 ) has been identified as a causative gene for autosomal dominantly inherited familial pd cases.
to develop such therapeutics , we initially screened a small chemical library and selected compound @number@ whose ic ( @number@ ) is about @number@ μm.
the cell-based assay showed that these two chemicals inhibited oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity caused by over-expression of a pd-specific lrrk2 mutant , g2019s.
therefore , compound @date@ be a promising lead compound to further develop a pd therapeutics based on lrrk2 kinase inhibition.
the current study aimed to examine the salience of anxiety-provoking social situations for older adults.
a list of potentially anxiety-provoking situations was developed from a review of existing measures of social anxiety.
in addition to items derived from existing measures , the investigators generated items thought to be particularly relevant for older adults.
participants were also prompted to record any additional situations in which they experienced anxiety.
older adults endorsed items not included on typical measures of social anxiety at high rates.
exploratory analyses of the effects of gender on item endorsement were examined and significant differences were found for several items.
the authors discuss these findings and their implications for the assessment of late-life social anxiety.
endocrine disruption is a concept and principle whose origins can be traced to the beginnings of the environmental movement in the 1960s.
it began with puzzlement about and the flaring of research on the decline of wildlife , particularly avian species.
the proposed causes accented pesticides , especially persistent organochlorines such as ddt.
once disturbed gonadal hormone function became the most likely explanation , it provoked other questions.
the most challenging arose because of how critical gonadal hormones are to brain function , especially as determinants of brain sexual differentiation.
pursuit of such connections has generated a robust literature embracing a broad swath of chemical classes.
gonadal hormones are crucial to optimal brain function during maturity and even senescence.
they are pivotal to the processes of neurogenesis.
they exert protective actions against neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and support smoothly functioning cognitive activities.
the limited research conducted so far on endocrine disruptors , aging , and neurogenesis argues that they should be overlooked no longer.
vertigo , unsteadiness , and other balance-related symptoms are common among older adults.
these complaints should be taken seriously because they can lead to falls , injuries , loss of independence , and even death.
issues related to the management of these symptoms in the aging population are also considered.
to overcome this limitation , this paper presents a novel energy function based method for accurate and consistent sulcal parcellation of longitudinal cortical surfaces.
specifically , both spatial and temporal smoothness are imposed in the energy function to obtain consistent longitudinal sulcal parcellation results.
the energy function is efficiently minimized by a graph cut method.
the proposed method has been successfully applied to sulcal parcellation of both real and simulated longitudinal inner cortical surfaces of human brain mr images.
both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly.
epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population.
most hiv-infected patients receiving cart have some persistent immune dysfunction characterized by chronic immune activation and premature aging of the immune system.
memory loss often signifies loss of independence , which is a growing concern for residents in assisted living ( al ) facilities.
the purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize the memory experiences and concerns of al residents.
six residents voluntarily participated in 1-hour recorded interviews focusing on memory and guided by eight open-ended questions.
interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
concerns focused primarily on inability to recall staff and resident names and activities , schedules , and appointments.
understanding memory experiences and concerns is important for nursing staff members who care for al residents.
memory challenges identified by these residents were used to develop a memory intervention for older adults residents of this and other al facilities.
improving cognitive skills may help al residents maintain their functional abilities , enabling them to \ "age in place \ " in al.
less documented are reproductive effects for mercury , manganese , chromium , nickel , and arsenic for the same gender.
more complex is the demonstration of effects on female reproduction and on pregnancy.
patients with head and neck cancer experience significant treatment-related symptoms.
aging may predispose older patients to greater risk.
we examined the association of age with symptom burden.
older patients may experience more symptom burden with swallowing , voice / speech , and nutrition.
nurses need to be especially aware of and monitor for these problems.
epigenetics , transcending genetics , genomics , and molecular biology , is now poised to be the avant-garde beacon of biological science.
both events , either individually or in cooperation , result in the development and progression of cancer.
methods : questionnaire measures of depression , hopelessness , general health and resilience were administered to the participants.
the resilience measure comprised three sub-scales of social support , emotional regulation and problem solving.
results : the older adults were the more resilient group especially with respect to emotional regulation ability and problem solving.
the young ones had more resilience related to social support.
poor perceptions of general health and low energy levels predicted low levels of resilience regardless of age.
low hopelessness scores also predicted greater resilience in both groups.
experiencing higher levels of mental illness and physical dysfunction predicted high resilience scores especially for the social support resilience scale in the older adults.
the negative effects of depression on resilience related to emotional regulation were countered by low hopelessness but only in the young adults.
objective : the goal of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous amyloid-β peptide ( aβ ) in healthy brain.
amyloid precursor protein ( app ) expression was reduced through small interfering rna ( sirna ) technique.
results : we found that both antirodent aβ antibody and sirna against murine app reduced ltp as well as contextual fear memory and reference memory.
these effects were rescued by the addition of human aβ₄₂ , suggesting that endogenously produced aβ is needed for normal ltp and memory.
interpretation : endogenous aβ₄₂ is a critical player in synaptic plasticity and memory within the normal central nervous system.
this needs to be taken into consideration when designing therapies aiming at reducing aβ levels to treat alzheimer disease.
this study investigated the effects of age and inactivity due to being chronically bedridden on atrophy of trunk muscles.
the subjects comprised @number@ young women ( young group ) and @number@ elderly women who resided in nursing homes or chronic care institutions.
the maintenance of genome stability is critical for the suppression of cancer and premature ageing.
the maintenance of the human genome requires hundreds of proteins involved in dna repair , dna replication , chromosome segregation and cell cycle checkpoint responses.
a number of genetic disorders exist in man where a breakdown in genome maintenance is associated with cancer predisposition.
amongst these are bloom's syndrome ( bs ) and fanconi anaemia ( fa ) .
the bs and fa gene products co-operate in the repair of damaged dna.
in this review , we focus on interactions between bs and fa proteins that specifically occur during chromosome segregation in mitosis.
we will discuss the possible source of these bridges and the role that fa proteins and blm might play in their removal.
dispositional optimism and other positive personality traits have been associated with longevity.
using a familial approach , we investigated the relationship between parental longevity and offspring's dispositional optimism among community-dwelling older subjects.
adult offspring's dispositional optimism was assessed with the life orientation test-revised ( lot-r ) .
in both samples , the parental mean age of death was positively associated with optimism scores of the offspring.
in conclusion , parental longevity was positively associated with optimism in adult offspring , suggesting a partial linked heritability of longevity and optimism.
the epidemiology of iatrogenic disease in the elderly has not been extensively reported.
iatrogenic disease can have a great psychomotor impact and important social consequences.
to identify patients at high risk is the first step in prevention as most of the iatrogenic diseases are preventable.
body composition data from a female reference group ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ years ) provided cut-off values for defining sarcopenia.
scores for tug and ws indicated relatively poor physical function , yet these measures were not associated with muscle mass or indices of sarcopenia.
in multivariate analysis , only hip abductor strength predicted both tug and ws ( both p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : hip strength is a more important indicator of physical functioning than lean mass.
measurement of hip strength may therefore be a useful screening tool to detect those at risk of functional decline and requirement for additional care.
further longitudinal studies with a range of other strength measures are warranted.
clinical question : is there evidence that hip protectors and vitamin d with calcium supplementation reduce hip fractures in the elderly ?
results : the results are that vitamin d and calcium supplementation reduce incidence of hip fractures.
hip protectors provide some benefit in reducing hip fractures in elderly patients in residential facilities.
drugs approved for the treatment of ad include tacrine , donepezil , rivastigmine , galantamine , and memantine.
these may delay or slow down the degenerative process for a while , but they can neither stop nor reverse its progression.
objective : to describe a practical method for family practitioners to stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) by the use of office spirometry.
clinical practice guidelines exist for office spirometry basics for safety , use of electronic peak flow devices , and portable spirometers.
conclusion : spirometry can be undertaken in primary care offices with acceptable levels of technical expertise.
using office spirometry , primary care physicians can diagnose the presence and severity of copd.
spirometry can guide therapies for copd and predict outcomes when used in general practice.
background : gerontological research aims at understanding factors that are crucial for mediating \ "successful aging \ ".
preservation of an active lifestyle is considered an effective means through which everyday competence can be attained.
in this context , it is crucial to obtain ratings of modern day older adults ' everyday competence by means of appropriate assessments.
here , we introduce the everyday competence questionnaire ( ecq ) , designed to assess healthy older adults ' everyday competence.
age , gender , and education levels were balanced between the groups.
subjects characterized by a general lifestyle showed higher everyday competence than those with a sedentary lifestyle or subjects who needed care.
furthermore , the ecq data showed a significant positive correlation between individual physical activity and everyday competence.
conclusion : the ecq is a novel tool for the questionnaire-based evaluation of everyday competence among healthy subjects.
by including leisure activities , it considers the changed living conditions of modern-day older adults.
age is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk.
treatment with statins can significantly reduce cvd events and mortality in both primary and secondary prevention.
as life expectancy increases and the total elderly population grows , these issues become increasingly important.
the implications of this jupiter subanalysis and the broader role of statins among older adults is the subject of this review.
falls are a major public health problem in the elderly population.
the associated health care cost is great.
it has therefore become an important public health matter to evaluate those interventions that might be effective in reducing the risk of falls.
risk factors that predict an increased risk of falling are described.
we also discuss the cost-effectiveness of such interventions.
the study population comprised family caregivers of persons aged @number@ years and older receiving social services and diagnosed with dementia disorders.
family caregivers were followed-up every @number@ months for a total of @number@ months.
most notably , decrease in function of recent memory , ability to increase tempo , long-windedness , distractibility , and blunting were better identified.
our findings suggest that the family caregivers who underwent psychosocial intervention achieved better understanding of different symptoms and the behaviors of dementia.
as the world's population ages , hip fractures pose a significant health care problem.
hip fractures in the elderly are associated with impaired mobility , and increased morbidity and mortality.
associated conditions , such as osteoporosis , medical comorbidity , and dementia , pose a significant concern and determine optimal treatment.
one-year mortality rates currently range from @percent@ to @percent@ , and care for these patients represents a major global economic burden.
the incidence of hip fractures is bimodal in its distribution.
the predilection for the site of fracture at the neck of femur falls into two major subgroups.
pertrochanteric fractures occur when the injury is extracapsular and the blood supply to the head of femur is unaffected.
the management of this group involves internal fixation through a sliding hip screw device or intramedullary fixation device , both of which have good results.
the other group of patients who sustain an intracapsular fracture at the femoral neck are at increased risk of nonunion and osteonecrosis.
recent papers in the literature have shown better functional outcomes with a primary hip replacement over other treatment modalities.
this article reviews the current literature and indications for a primary total hip replacement in these patients.
background : deterioration in hearing after gamma knife radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas is a well-documented risk.
recent studies suggest a correlation between cochlear radiation dose and hearing preservation.
objective : this study identifies additional variables that predict hearing loss after radiosurgery.
methods : retrospective analysis of @number@ patients with audiogram follow-up.
median marginal tumor dose was @number@ gy.
mean tumor volume was @number@ cm.
statistical analysis included multivariate stepwise backward linear regression and multivariate logistic regression.
variables included age , prescription dose , tumor volume , intracanalicular length , and maximum and mean cochlear dose.
dose volume histograms were generated.
the percentage of the cochlear volume that received @number@ gy or greater , @number@ gy or greater , and @number@ gy or greater was calculated.
plan conformality indicators were calculated.
results : forty-two patients had a less than 20-db change in their pure tone average , with a hearing preservation rate of @percent@.
multivariate linear regression was used to predict change in pure tone average.
age and percentage of the cochlear volume receiving @number@ gy or greater were found to be statistically significant predictor variables.
conclusion : older patients are more vulnerable to detrimental effects of gamma knife radiosurgery on hearing.
this is the first report to suggest that the conformity index tumor coverage may be an important predictor of hearing outcomes.
after tailored testing with cat , the remaining camcog and camcog-plus items not selected by cat were administered.
the time needed to complete the cat was compared to that needed for the whole camcog and camcog-plus.
we conclude that adaptive testing combines brevity with precision , especially in grading the severity of cognitive impairment.
among individuals who were cognitively intact before death , autopsies may reveal some alzheimer's disease-type pathology.
the presence of end-stage pathology in cognitively intact persons would support the hypothesis that pathological markers are epiphenomena.
we assessed advanced neurofibrillary ( braak stages v and vi ) pathology focusing on nondemented individuals.
analyses support three major findings : @number@
braak stage v cases and braak vi cases are significantly different from each other in terms of associated antemortem cognition ; @number@
there was no nondemented case with final mmse score of @number@ within a year of life and braak stage vi pathology.
there is no documented example of truly end-stage neurofibrillary pathology coexisting with intact cognition.
no studies , however , have demonstrated how mri can distinguish cjd from nonprion causes of rapidly progressive dementia ( nprpd ) .
we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of mri for cjd compared to a cohort of nprpd subjects.
thirty-one gray matter regions per hemisphere were assessed for abnormal hyperintensities.
the likelihood of cjd was assessed using our previously published criteria.
one reader's sensitivity and specificity for scjd was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , the other's was @percent@ and @percent@.
after consensus review , the readers ' combined mri sensitivity and specificity for scjd was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
familial cjd had overlapping mri features with scjd.
conclusions : the pattern of flair / dwi hyperintensity and restricted diffusion can differentiate scjd from other rpds with a high sensitivity and specificity.
mri with dwi and adc should be included in scjd diagnostic criteria.
new scjd mri criteria are proposed.
introduction : the survival of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia ( cml ) has improved during the past decades.
however , there have been discrepancies between results reported from clinical trials and population-based studies.
we aimed to elucidate the extent of these discrepancies.
results : twenty-nine trials were identified for data extraction.
the survival rate calculated from seer data was lower than the survival rate in clinical trials in the corresponding period , with differences of @number@.1%-50.7%.
age-adapted survival was similar for four trials , but differences up to @percent@ were seen in most.
limitations of the study include the lack of information on chemotherapy in the seer database and possible heterogeneity of cases.
discussion : the survival rate in clinical trials of cml treatment is higher than the survival rate of all patients with cml.
aggregation-prone polyglutamine ( polyq ) expansion proteins cause several neurodegenerative disorders , including huntington disease.
the pharmacological activation of cellular stress responses could be a new strategy to combat protein conformational diseases.
hydroxylamine derivatives act as co-inducers of heat-shock proteins ( hsps ) and can enhance hsp expression in diseased cells , without significant adverse effects.
ng-094 significantly ameliorated polyq-mediated animal paralysis , reduced the number of q35-yfp aggregates and delayed polyq-dependent acceleration of aging.
ng-094 is thus a promising candidate for tests on mammalian models of polyq and other protein conformational diseases.
design : retrospective study of patients ' records between @date@ and @date@ .
in patients with divergent igf1 / gh levels , fasting glucose and gh were both strongly associated with igf1.
conclusion : totally @percent@ of treated acromegalic patients had a high igf1 and normal gh level.
background : active ageing is a key to healthy ageing ; shopping behaviour is an economically relevant activity of the elderly.
methods : analysis was based on the nahsit 1999-2000 dataset.
these data were linked to official death records.
cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate shopping frequency on death from 1999-2008 with possible covariate adjustment.
elderly who shopped every day have @percent@ less risk of death than the least frequent shoppers.
men benefited more from everyday shopping than women with decreased hr @percent@ versus @percent@ compared to the least.
conclusion : shopping behaviour favourably predicts survival.
highly frequent shopping may favour men more than women.
therefore what is needed at this time are international nursing partnerships and assistance.
introduction : changes in personality differ qualitatively and quantitatively among patients with different neurodegenerative diseases , likely due to divergent patterns of regional neurodegeneration.
regression modeling was performed to identify which neuropsychological factors uniquely predicted current personality , controlling for age , gender , and premorbid personality.
results : social dominance covaried with patients ' capacity for cognitive control and verbal fluency.
conversely , warmth did not rely on these executive or verbal skills , but covaried primarily with patients ' capacity for emotional responsiveness.
extraversion , representing a blend of dominance and warmth , demonstrated an intermediate degree of relationship to both executive / verbal and emotional functions.
conclusions : these findings suggest that different personality traits are partly subserved by specific cognitive and emotional functions in neurodegenerative disease patients.
a favourable attitude toward ash and a sense of having less control regarding these drugs predict both current usage and intention to continue.
perceived control predicts intention to start consumption of ash in current non-consumers.
this study underlines the importance of considering the role of the older person's decisional power in the consumption of these medications.
unlabelled : adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ , producing various adipokines and many other substances.
almost all blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue ( pvat ) , which has not received research attention until recently.
this review will discuss the paracrine actions of pvat on the growth of underlying vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) .
pvat can release growth factors and inhibitors.
visfatin is the first identified growth factor derived from pvat.
decreased adiponectin and increased tumour necrosis factor-α in pvat play a pathological role for neointimal hyperplasia after endovascular injury.
most of them have been verified for their secretion by pvat ; however , their paracrine functions are unknown.
linked articles : this article is part of a themed section on fat and vascular responsiveness.
to view the other articles in this section visit @url@
mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles responsible for life and death.
it also outlines mitochondria-targeted therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases.
erp were recorded at @number@ healthy subjects from @number@ to @number@ ages and @number@ subjects from @number@ to @number@ ages.
the two-stimuli oddball paradigm was used.
it is shown that component n2 has stability of latency in relation to age and an experimental situation.
the amplitude of component n2 is above at the account of sounds in both age groups.
the amplitude-time parametres of component p300 do not differ at examinees of different age in a problem of listening of sounds.
the results are discussed in the view of the hypothesis that considers submovements to be the building blocks of a graphical movement.
chondrocyte aging is associated with cartilage degeneration and senescence impairs the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) .
estrogen exerts profound effects on human physiology including articular cartilage and mscs.
the present study should analyze the effects of pre- and postmenopausal estrogen concentrations on chondrogenic cells.
the estrogen agonist-antagonist tamoxifen did not affect telomere biology , but inhibited the e ( @number@ ) -stimulated reduction in telomere shortening.
e ( @number@ ) and tamoxifen did not influence cell proliferation , cell morphology , and β-galactosidase staining in chondrogenic cells.
e ( @number@ ) treatment did not affect the telomere-associated proteins trf1 and trf2.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine lane change strategies in active younger and older drivers.
visual inspection of mirrors and the blind spot and the control of the vehicle were documented in a simulator environment.
results : compared with younger drivers , older drivers showed a reduced frequency of visual inspection toward the rearview mirror and the blind spot.
control of the car was mostly similar for both groups.
synchronization likelihood , an index based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems , was used to measure functional connectivity.
with each cell division , somatic cell telomeres progressively wear and shorten , leading to cell senescence.
various environmental factors , such as oxidative stress and inflammation , can accelerate telomere shortening.
the renin angiotensin system seems to be the key mechanism involved in aging.
our previous studies demonstrated that treatment of human glomerular mesangial cells ( gmcs ) with angiotensin ii ( angii ) caused cell senescence.
it is important to understand whether angii accelerates telomere shortening in gmcs and further promotes aging.
the angii + losartan group displayed longer telomere lengths , further reduced β-galactosidase staining and decreased p53 and p21 expression compared to the angii group.
in addition , losartan significantly reduced telomere shortening and cell senescence.
we sought to evaluate the association between rmr and ea in african americans.
ancestry informative markers were used to estimate individual percent ea.
results : mean ea was @number@.8±16% ( range : @date@ @percent@ ) and there were no differences by sex.
this equates to a @number@ kcal / day lower rmr in a population of completely african ancestry , with one of completely european ancestry.
additional adjustment for trunk stffm that partially accounts for high-metabolic rate organs did not affect this association.
conclusions : ea in african americans is strongly associated with higher rmr.
the data suggest that population differences in rmr may be due to genetic variants.
as the hiv epidemic enters its fourth decade ( the second decade of art ) , research must address evolving factors in hand pathogenesis.
use of improved cns-penetrating art must be accompanied by evaluation of potential art neurotoxicity.
mncs were prepared from the buffy-coats of @number@ healthy individual blood donors.
the results showed that large individual differences exist in the number of hspcs , as well as in the surviving fraction of cells.
no statistically significant difference was observed in individual radiosensitivity between males and females at either radiation dose.
the present results indicated a correlation between the individual responsiveness of hspcs to ionizing irradiation , especially to low dose irradiation , and aging.
objective : early studies have indicated that body fat shifts from peripheral stores to central stores with aging.
the mean levels of subcutaneous at were over 2-fold greater than visceral at in women aged 60-69 years in any bmi stratum.
even with these age-related changes in abdominal fat distribution , women retained the subcutaneous-dominant type of fat distribution up to @number@ years.
patients with t1d , gd , ra and healthy controls were genotyped for the @number@ c / t snp in ptpn22 gene.
we found a significant association between ptpn22 @number@ c / t snp and t1d and gd.
1858t / t genotype was observed more frequently in t1d and gd patients compared to control subjects.
no such association was observed for ra.
interpretation of cognitive change has been complicated because different influences on change are not easily distinguished.
method : this retrospective study used administrative data for @number@ clients who died while receiving home care services.
outcome measures were the receipt of supportive or palliative home care.
associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression.
result : material deprivation was not associated with either the hours of home care received or the receipt of supportive home care services.
the mitochondrial transcription factor a ( tfam ) is required for mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) replication and transcription.
disruption of tfam results in heart failure and premature aging in mice.
but very little is known about the role of tfam in cancer development.
furthermore , forced overexpression of wild-type tfam in rko cells carrying a tfam truncating mutation suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited rko cell-induced xenograft tumor growth.
these mutations may play an important role in tumorigenesis and cisplatin-induced apoptotic resistance of most microsatellite-unstable crcs.
we investigated if hypertension is associated with increased activities of these plasma markers.
in the follow-up study in 2005-2008 ( crisps-3 ) , @number@ out of the @number@ subjects had developed hypertension.
among subjects not on anti-hypertensive medications , plasma alp , alt and ggt were related to blood pressure ( p < 0.01 ) .
conclusions : among the @number@ plasma markers , increased ggt activity is the strongest predictor for existing and new-onset hypertension in hong kong chinese.
they are hospitalized more frequently , have significantly more emergency department visits and use more emergent care.
discussion : hf clients are a more complex group than home care clients in general.
patient self-care must be tailored to the clinical characteristics , patterns of service use and barriers to self-care of the client.
this is particularly true for older , frail and medically complex hf patients , many of whom require home care services.
this work provides a background upon which to base initiatives to help these higher-needs clients manage their hf at home with appropriate support and services.
polyglutamine diseases , including machado-joseph disease and huntington's disease , typically appear in midlife and are characterized by amyloid accumulations of abnormally expanded polyglutamine proteins.
recent studies showed that differences in amyloid conformation from different brain regions lead to differing toxicity.
we hypothesized that higher amyloid toxicity at later ages might cause the late onset of polyglutamine diseases.
these findings show that age-related changes in amyloid characteristics may be a trigger for late-onset polyglutamine diseases.
background : facial sagging is a well-known morphological feature associated with aging and reduced dermal elasticity.
its morphological characteristics and mechanism have been studied in females , but it is unclear whether or not there is a gender difference.
methods : faces of @number@ healthy japanese male volunteers , in their 20s-60s , were photographed at an angle of 45°.
upper and lower cheek sagging severity was evaluated by using photograph-based grading criteria.
in addition , new photograph-based grading criteria of sagging severity at the lower eyelid were established and used.
dermal elasticity was measured using a non-invasive , in vivo suction skin elasticity meter , cutometer ( ® ) .
results : male facial sagging was prominent at the lower eyelid , upper cheek and lower cheek.
multivariate one-sided hypotheses testing problems arise frequently in practice.
various tests have been developed.
in practice , there are often missing values in multivariate data.
in this case , standard testing procedures based on complete data may not be applicable or may perform poorly if the missing data are discarded.
in this article , we propose several multiple imputation methods for multivariate one-sided testing problem with missing data.
some theoretical results are presented.
the proposed methods are evaluated using simulations.
a real data example is presented to illustrate the methods.
however , this conclusion is based on a very small sample , selective initials , and a flawed statistical test.
there is no statistically significant relationship between initials and longevity for major league baseball players when a correct test is applied to independently selected initials.
they were divided into @number@ groups , each comprised of subjects ranged by age with a ten-year interval.
this mechanism accounts for the possibility to retain adequate physical activity of the organism up to the age of @number@ years.
background : telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
ambient air pollution is associated with cvd , but its effect on telomere length is unknown.
results : the median [ interquartile range ( iqr ) ] annual moving-average bc concentration was @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) microg / m3.
we used linear mixed-effects models including random subject intercepts and adjusted for several potential confounders.
we used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up.
background : incidence of epilepsy in elderly patients is higher than in any other group.
the diagnosis of epilepsy in old age is particularly challenging and is often overlooked or missed.
selection of appropriate antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) for this group of patient also requires more attention than younger patients.
objective : to summarise the clinical presentation , aetiology , diagnosis , treatment , and neuropsychiatric complications of epilepsy in old age.
results : stroke and neurodegenerative disorders account for most causes of epilepsy in older patients.
simple partial and complex seizures are common modes of clinical manifestation.
post-ictal confusion and memory lapses are particularly prolonged in the elderly.
the presence of other co-morbidities , age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and possible risk of drug-drug interaction needs to be considered before commencement of medication.
older aeds like phenobarbitone and phenytoin should be avoided in the elderly because of their pharmacological profiles.
the older aeds have the advantages of being cheaper and being readily available in developing countries.
conclusion : the goal of epilepsy management in the elderly goes beyond attainment of seizure control but should include improvement in quality of life.
aeds should be introduced cautiously based on patient's frailty and starting with lower dosage.
methods : study @number@ allowed for the development of a structured inventory of nightstand use today in assisted living and rehabilitation facilities.
study @number@ led to study @number@ demonstrating the need to conceptualize new ideas for smart nightstands.
feedback was obtained from intergenerational participants who could discuss their needs and preferences for a smart nightstand.
results : in study @number@ more than @number@ items were recorded and categorized into @number@ different groups.
in study @number@ the authors found that the vast majority of participants are willing to consider the use of a smart nightstand.
conclusion : existing nightstands do not meet the needs of current users.
this research provides greater understanding of the existing limitations associated with nightstands.
study @number@ confirmed that user-centered design and the use of technology can be used to enhance daily living.
smart furniture may play a role in promoting the health and independence of diverse user groups.
background : reactions to density and proximity are complex.
people with dementia are especially reactive to the environment.
crowding , location , and sound were measured three times per observation ; ambiance was measured once.
data analyses consisted of descriptive statistics , t-tests , and one-way analysis of variance.
results : crowding estimates were higher for nursing homes and in dining and activity rooms.
crowding also varied across settings and locations by time of day.
conclusions : crowding fluctuates consistent with routine activities such as meals in long-term care settings.
furthermore , a relationship between crowding and other physical characteristics of the environment was found.
background : the american institute of architects recommends that private rooms become the industry standard for all new construction of acute care hospitals.
data collected included demographics , incidence of falls , hais , and risk of social isolation.
results : all patients were more than @number@ years old and had been admitted to the hospital for a variety of diagnoses.
length of stay was between @number@ and @number@ days.
there was no significant difference in the occurrence of hais based on room type ( p = @number@ ) .
nor does the risk of social isolation affect the likelihood of an adverse outcome.
few studies have addressed the possible antioxidant effects of r-sfn , which could protect cells from the free radical damage that strongly contribute to aging.
moreover , little is known about the effect of r-sfn on stem cells whose longevity is implicated in human aging.
its cytotoxic effects , which were observed after treating mscs with high doses of r-sfn , could be attributed to its hdac inhibitory activity.
we aimed to verify the linkage of concepts with the use of semantic associative relations.
functional and part / whole relations develop at an early age , whereas the superordinate relations develop later.
cardiac death is the leading cause of death ; however , death due to stroke and acute myocardial infarction is decreasing.
the annual mortality rate is @percent@ among the dialysis population.
the cut-off levels for egfr are not yet clear.
ckd is an important predictor of cvd in japan , similar to other parts of the world.
strategies for early detection of ckd are needed because , in many cases , ckd remains asymptomatic until late stages.
timely treatment for ckd is necessary to minimize costs for unnecessary care and testing.
unless cdk is properly managed , it will not be possible to maintain quality and longevity of life.
the japanese population is rapidly aging and will have the largest proportion of elderly people in the world.
a systematic strategy for managing ckd patients is warranted.
this hypolipidemia can be found without a decrease in the serum levels of other energy sources , such as glucose , in the presymptomatic stage.
cells from progeria patients exhibit cell cycle defects in both interphase and mitosis.
these include severe perturbations to the nuclear shape and lamina , increased dna damage , and slow growth rates due to mitotic delay.
mitotic check point control by mitotic arrest deficient-like @number@ ( mad2l1 ) also was perturbed in lmna ( dhe / + ) cells.
background : variation in the serotonin transporter ( 5-htt ) gene ( slc6a4 ) has been shown to influence a wide range of affective processes.
low 5-htt gene-expression has also been suggested to increase the risk of chronic pain.
therefore we hypothesized that a common variation in the slc6a4 is associated with inter-individual variation in cpm.
forty-five healthy subjects recruited on the basis of tri-allelic 5-httlpr genotype , with inferred high or low 5-htt-expression , were included in a double-blind study.
a submaximal-effort tourniquet test was used to provide a standardized degree of conditioning ischemic pain.
the cpm-mediated inhibition of the nfr , gauged by increases in nfr-threshold , did not differ significantly between groups ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : our results demonstrate the involvement of the tri-allelic 5-httlpr genotype in explaining clinically relevant inter-individual differences in pain perception and regulation.
our results also illustrate that shifts in nfr-thresholds do not necessarily correlate to the modulation of experienced pain.
amyloid β-peptide ( aβ ) is directly linked to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in its monomeric form , aβ aggregates to produce fibrils and a range of oligomers , the latter being the most neurotoxic.
here we postulated that calcium may enable or accelerate the aggregation of aβ.
morphological similarities of the oligomers were confirmed by contact mode atomic force microscopy imaging.
erythrocyte hyperaggregation , a cardiovascular risk factor , is considered to be caused by an increase in plasma adhesion proteins , particularly fibrinogen.
in this study we evaluate the influence of erythrocyte aging on the fibrinogen binding.
this observation is reinforced by zeta-potential and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements.
the resulting foot and nail care needs create opportunities for cfcn to promote health and prevent adverse outcomes such as infection and limb loss.
routine foot and nail assessment , clinically appropriate care , and individualized patient education are essential for achieving positive outcomes.
through the cfcn certification process , nurses gain knowledge and skills to provide the care that can improve foot health for an aging population.
it also suggests the implementation of knowledge translation strategies to assist in disseminating and integrating existing successful programs across the wider health system.
finally , this paper proposes a concerted and robust mobilization of forces in order to move from evidence-based agenda setting into active policy implementation.
a key element of this transition involves placing greater emphasis on interest group activation and public policy deliberation.
a necessary component of the prescribed continuing care act should be the creation of a long-term care insurance program in canada.
this social innovation has been implemented in many countries in recent decades to address the aging of the population and associated pandemic of chronic diseases.
case managers would be responsible for coordinating the care , controlling the quality of services and reassessing needs according to changes in individuals ' conditions.
funding reform of long-term care would prioritize home care and optimize the functioning of integrated care to improve support for frail older people.
chronic disease management initiatives have thus far focused on single disease entities.
the challenge of an aging population is the occurrence of multiple diseases , complicated by geriatric syndromes , in the same person.
the term frailty is used to denote such persons , who are more vulnerable to poor health outcomes when challenged by a health stressor.
in this paper , it is argued that frailty is a chronic condition and thus requires a chronic disease management approach.
finally , a model for integrating individual geriatric interventions into a broader system is proposed.
if the healthcare sky is falling , it is because we have not yet grasped the opportunity to do better.
here we comment on three points in chappell and hollander's lead article.
second , we concur that small things ( e.g. , transportation and medication management ) matter in big health systems.
canada's aging population poses a significant challenge for the existing healthcare system.
while individuals @number@ and older accounted for @percent@ of the population in @number@ they accounted for @percent@ of all acute care service spending.
chappell and hollander provide support for a set of policy directives formulated for an aging population.
this commentary addresses the underlying assumptions of these policy recommendations , identifies the major barriers to their implementation and suggests solutions.
chappell and hollander \ "offer an evidence-based policy prescription to meet the challenges … [ of ] an aging society. \ "
but the paper loses focus with discussions of \ "ageism \ " , the compression of morbidity , and healthy communities.
the authors might have explored why ( as they argue ) public policy has retreated from their prescription in recent decades.
that prescription would require either a re-allocation of resources ( incomes ) away from politically well-entrenched interests , or simply more money.
neither appears currently promising.
canada's health and social care system is paralyzed by our decentralized federalist governing structure.
this article expands upon the lead essay by further discussing the role of home care and the need for its integration into the healthcare system.
in this paper , the authors provide a policy prescription for canada's aging population.
they question the appropriateness of predictions about the lack of sustainability of our healthcare system.
they also note a range of mechanisms to enhance such systems going forward.
the timing of this issue of healthcare papers is important : the first of the baby boomers turned @number@ in @date@ .
instability in the m / l direction has been reported to be closely related with the risk of falling in the elderly.
the purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanism of postural control in the m / l direction in the elderly.
in addition , we calculated the frequency spectrum of trunk sway using the marker locus from @number@ to @number@ hz by fast fourier transform.
results : kp significantly increased with age , whereas kd tended to decrease.
kp and ki were significantly correlated with the power ratio of medium frequency.
there was a significant negative correlation between kd and tssx.
background and aims : outcome prediction is important in clinical practice.
despite significant improvements in therapeutics , the mortality associated with acute kidney injury ( aki ) in elderly patients remains high.
methods : a consecutive sample of @number@ elderly patients ( age≥65 ) with aki in a university hospital was enrolled.
receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess the discriminative power for hospital mortality prediction.
the mcnemar and kappa tests were also applied.
no significant differences were found between the predicted and real mortality rates.
conclusions : apache ii and atn-isi scoring systems can predict the hospital mortality of elderly aki patients.
however , apache ii performs better than atn-isi.
objective : to investigate the role of cyclophilin a ( cypa ) and cd147 in the process of skin aging.
immunohistochemistry ( ihc ) and in situ hybridization ( ish ) were carried out to semi-quantitatively detect the expression level of cypa and cd147.
results : ihc demonstrated that both cypa and cd147 were expressed in both photophobic and exposal parts of normal human skin in all @number@ groups.
the expression levels of both cypa and cd147 were increased with increase in age.
there were significant differences in both cypa and cd147 expression among @number@ groups ( p < 0.05 ) .
cypa and cd147 were also positively correlated in all @number@ groups.
similar results were achieved by ish.
conclusion : the interaction between cd147 and cypa might play an important role in the process of skin aging.
in virtually all organisms , life expectancy is profoundly affected by caloric intake.
in mammals , whether metabolic-sensing neurons govern aging in a cell-non-autonomous fashion is unknown.
yet , this is a captivating and testable hypothesis.
werner syndrome ( ws ) is a rare disorder characterized by the premature onset of several pathologies associated with aging.
we recently identified the scaffold attachment factor b1 ( safb1 ) as a potential interactants in human cells.
mice lacking safb1 exhibit developmental abnormalities in their lungs , high incidence of perinatal lethality , and adults develop different types of tumors.
mouse embryonic fibroblasts from safb1-null animals are immortalized in culture.
in this study , mice with a mutation in the helicase domain of the wrn gene were crossed to safb1-null mice.
few double homozygous mutants survived weaning and died before the age of six months.
finally , mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking a functional wrn helicase inhibited the immortalization of safb1-null cells.
these results indicate that an intact wrn protein is required for immortalization and tumorigenesis in safb1-null mice.
little work has directly assessed the role of self-regulation in risk of incident chd.
objective : to examine whether self-regulation is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
secondary aims were to consider whether the effects are independent of other measures of psychological functioning and how they may occur.
design : a prospective population-based cohort study.
setting : the normative aging study , an ongoing cohort study of community-dwelling men in the boston area.
main outcome measures : measures of incident chd obtained from hospital records , medical history , physical examination , and death certificates.
results : in @number@ @number@ men completed the revised minnesota multiphasic personality inventory , from which we derived a measure of self-regulation.
significant associations were also found after adjusting for anxiety , anger , or depression and after controlling for positive affect.
the association could not be explained by known demographic factors , health behaviors , or biological factors.
conclusion : findings suggest that self-regulation may protect against risk of chd in older men.
background : long working hours are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
adding information on long hours to traditional risk factors for chd may help to improve risk prediction for this condition.
design : cohort study with baseline medical examination performed between @number@ and @number@ and prospective follow-up for incident chd performed until @number@
setting : civil service departments in london ( the whitehall ii study ) .
participants : @number@ adults ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) aged @number@ to @number@ years working full-time without chd at baseline.
measurements : working hours and the framingham risk score were measured at baseline.
coronary death and nonfatal myocardial infarction were ascertained from medical screenings every @number@ years , hospital data , and registry linkage.
results : @number@ participants had incident chd during a median @number@.3-year follow-up.
limitation : the findings may not be generalizable to populations with a larger proportion of high-risk persons and were not validated in an independent cohort.
conclusion : information on working hours may improve risk prediction of chd on the basis of the framingham risk score in low-risk , working populations.
direct recording of menus , weighing of ingredients used , and the preparation of dishes and drinks were undertaken.
nutrient densities and critical densities were computed.
the diet was also assessed separately by meal time.
top sources of energy and nutrients were identified.
results : the quantity and quality of food items provided at the four daycare centers examined varied greatly.
for some nutrients , the recommended nutrient intakes were already accounted for by the food consumed from the institutional fare.
as expected , those centers with more meal times covered on their menus had a greater degree of coverage of requirements.
when intakes were compared using nutrient density , all significances were abolished across all nutrients of interest.
overall , there is a genuine need to treat cognitive deficits associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions as well as an increasingly aging population.
( boston , new york , and pittsburgh ) and denmark.
our study shows that the dis robustly characterize accelerated rates of aging irrespective of specific of deficits.
when a wider spectrum of health dimensions is considered these rates are better approximated by quadratic law.
exponential rates are more characteristic for more severe health dimensions.
the aging rates are the same for males and females.
unlike health , disability can qualitatively alter the aging patterns of the llfs participants.
we report on systemic differences in health among the llfs centenarians residing in new york and boston.
this study highlights importance of aggregated approaches to better understand systemic mechanisms of health deterioration in long-living individuals.
objective : pain is a serious problem for many individuals with cerebral palsy ( cp ) .
pain and injury in early life may cause long-term changes in somatosensory and pain processing.
touch sensitivity at different body locations were tested by using von frey monofilaments.
data about pain and quality of life were obtained from a semi-structured interview and questionnaires.
results : participants with cp reported more pain as well as more reduced touch sensitivity and quality of life than healthy controls.
multiple regression analyses also showed that age was the best predictor of current pain intensity in healthy controls but not in individuals with cp.
conclusion : these findings emphasize the importance of considering the presence of pain at very early ages in cp.
study design : a medline search was performed on rejuvenation of the chest from @number@ to @number@
practical applications to these procedures are also provided.
for more dramatic results , ablative fractional lasers can be safely used , although longer healing times and potential adverse effects are to be expected.
adverse events are often due to the thinness of the dermis and epidermis and the lower concentration of pilosebaceous units.
if treatments are tailored to the skin of the chest , the incidence of adverse events is lower , and patients can be safely treated.
relationships were assessed using parallel process latent growth curve models.
successful mobility requires appropriate decision-making.
seniors with reduced executive functioning-such as senior fallers-may be prone to poor mobility judgments , especially under dual-task conditions.
we classified participants as \ "at-risk \ " and \ "not-at-risk \ " for falls using a validated physiological falls-risk assessment.
those \ "at-risk \ " experienced more collisions with oncoming cars and had longer crossing times in the phone condition compared to controls.
we conclude that poor mobility judgments during a dual-task leads to unsafe mobility for those at-risk for falls.
working memory ( wm ) shows a gradual increase during childhood , followed by accelerating decline from adulthood to old age.
wm performance was lower in older adults and children than in younger adults.
longer presentation times were associated with better performance in all age groups , presumably reflecting increasing effects of strategic selection mechanisms on wm performance.
children outperformed older adults when encoding times were short , and distracter effects were larger in children and older adults than in younger adults.
in old age , both sets of mechanisms decline , reflecting senescent change in both networks.
we discuss similarities to episodic memory development and address open questions for future research.
despite the prevalence of anxiety in later life , there are no published studies on treatment preferences of older adults for anxiety problems.
each was asked to first indicate their preference for pharmacological , psychological , or combined treatment.
furthermore , specific treatment and format preferences varied by age group.
viewing positive and negative pictures from the international affective picture system had opposite effects on startle modulation for older and younger adults.
younger adults showed the typical startle blink pattern , with potentiated startle when viewing negative pictures compared to positive pictures.
potential underlying mechanisms for this interaction are evaluated.
young and older participants judged the veracity of young and older speakers ' opinions about topical issues.
neither young nor older adults were advantaged when judging a speaker from the same age group.
the present study examined whether there are age-related differences in the ability to accurately monitor forgetting.
young and older adults studied a mixed list of categorized words , and later recalled items when cued with each category.
they then estimated the number of additional items that they did not recall-a form of monitoring one's forgetting.
older adults exhibited impaired memory performance compared with young adults , but also accurately estimated they forgot more information than young adults.
both age groups were fairly accurate in predicting forgetting in terms of resolution , indicating that aging does not impair the ability to monitor forgetting.
the current study examined the effects of two manipulations on equal and expanded spaced retrieval schedules in young and older adults.
first , we examined the role that the type of expansion ( systematic vs. nonsystematic ) has in producing a benefit of expanded retrieval.
second , we examined the influence of an immediate retrieval attempt to minimize forgetting after the original encoding event.
as predicted , these conditions differ substantially across young and older adults.
discussion focuses on age differences in short term forgetting , working memory capacity , and the relation between forgetting rates and spaced retrieval schedules.
this brief report examined how the likelihood of destructive anger responses varied with age across relationship contexts.
findings have implications for conceptualizing age-related emotion regulation across relationships and cultures.
young and older adults studied a list of categorized words and took three successive recall tests.
test @number@ and @number@ were always taken individually , and test @number@ was done either in triads or alone.
we examine the role of retrieval organization in these effects.
the present study examines whether the relationship between memory complaints and memory performance is better assessed by analyzing the mutual development.
five hundred participants , averaging @number@ years of age at first measurement , were measured three times over @number@ years.
we examined the role of self-relevance in older and younger adults ' evaluations of remembered events.
in study @number@ participants rated the positivity of their own positive , negative and neutral memories as well as those of a same-aged peer.
older adults rated events more positively than younger adults did , regardless of the memory source.
this effect appears to reflect the more positive mindset of older people , rather than an intention to regulate emotions associated with personal experiences.
objective : intensive repetitive musical practice can lead to bilateral cortical reorganization.
however , whether musical sensorimotor and cognitive abilities transfer to nonmusical cognitive abilities that are maintained throughout the life span is unclear.
method : seventy older healthy adults ( ages 60-83 ) varying in musical activity completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
several regression analyses evaluated how years of musical activity , age of acquisition , type of musical training , and other variables predicted cognitive performance.
conclusions : these correlational results suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the life span on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age.
a discussion of how musical participation may enhance cognitive aging is provided along with other alternative explanations.
mean age at the time of the evaluation was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
the best-fitting model also indicated specific genetic influences on learning , which accounted for @percent@ of the overall variance.
conclusion : these results demonstrate that even in nonclinical populations , it is possible to differentiate component processes in episodic memory.
these findings have sometimes led to inferences that the age-related brain changes cause the age-related cognitive changes.
it is concluded that at the current time the evidence that these aspects of brain structure are neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline is weak.
the final section contains several suggestions concerning measurement and methodology that may lead to stronger conclusions in the future.
there are numerous laser and light technology instruments for cosmetic improvement of skin appearance.
new technology is constantly being developed to improve cosmesis , shorten recovery and reduce risk.
tanned skin has long been viewed as attractive in today's culture.
nucleopathies belong to a group of rare diseases , associated with nuclear protein abnormalities.
the best characterized are laminopathies , depending on lamin a / c gene mutations and affecting tissues of mesenchymal origin.
nucleopathies from both groups may be ranked in terms of age of first symptoms and the disease severity.
those which occur earlier , sometimes even in prenatal period , have the most serious , almost always lethal course.
the article presents clinical description of nucleopathies in children , their causative mutations and pathophysiology.
data are from @number@ early in the history of federal long-term care rebalancing initiatives , reflecting perceptions at that time.
overall need for greater professional and organizational capacity to support provision of service to both aging and disability populations is reported.
awareness of health disparities is crucial for individuals with disabilities to minimize additional health-related challenges.
adding rural residence and age to disability creates a triple threat in terms of potential health disparities.
kentucky agrability is evolving to include a more focused approach to the needs of underresourced and underserved regions and populations of farmers in kentucky.
through new partnerships and a commitment to addressing potential health disparities , farmers and families who can benefit from agrability services will be broadly identified.
it is concluded that health disparities need to be recognized and addressed in all health care service provision and education.
this includes underserved farmers who are at risk of not receiving the appropriate services due to limited resources and lack of awareness.
age-related changes in auditory spatial perception of linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli in participants between @number@ and @number@ years of age were studied.
the results show that the strength of the rightward perceptual bias in linguistic bilateral ( dichotic ) stimulus condition changes as a function of age.
in childhood and old age also other rightward spatial biases were observed in linguistic as well as in non-linguistic stimulus conditions.
the present study examined developmental differences in event-related potentials between second graders and adults in arithmetic.
children showed larger right posterior negativities in the time window suggesting that they rely more on quantitative manipulation for solving these problems.
the developmental differences identified across age groups between @number@ to @number@ years for a sample of @number@ children support a multistage interpretation of ef development.
structural equation modeling was used to test models with three first-order ef components which included shifting , working memory / updating , and inhibition.
results indicated that the first-order full , three-factor model was the best model among all the alternative first-order and second-order models.
dopamine neurons contain significant amounts of neuromelanin , and the amount of neuromelanin increases with aging.
stereological counting of nm content , α-synuclein content , and th immunoreactivity revealed significant accumulation of nm and α-synuclein in neurons during the aging process.
in cells containing a large amount of nm , cells in aged individuals outnumbered those of younger individuals.
in non-nm cells , the α-synuclein expression profile was similar across age groups.
furthermore , th-immunoreactive neurons decreased significantly with aging , which was associated with accumulation of nm and α-synuclein.
our results suggest that age related accumulation of nm might induce α-synuclein over-expression and thereby make dopamine neurons more vulnerable to injuries.
moderate intensity vo ( 2p ) and ∆ [ hhb ] kinetics were examined in @number@ young males ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
vo ( 2p ) was measured breath-by-breath.
changes in ∆ [ hhb ] of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.
we assessed the long-term renal complications in a regional cohort of extremely low birth weight ( elbw ) children born in 2002-2004.
the control group included @number@ children born full-term selected from one general practice in the district.
mean serum cystatin c levels were significantly higher ( @number@ vs. @number@ mg / l ; p = @number@ ) in the elbw group.
hypertension was diagnosed in 8 / 78 elbw and 2 / 38 of the control children ( p = @number@ ) .
microalbuminuria ( > 20 mg / g of creatinine ) was detected only in five elbw children ( p = @number@ ) .
abnormally small kidneys ( < @date@ of predicted size ) were detected in @number@ elbw and four control children ( p = @number@ ) .
serum cystatin c and kidney volume are significantly lower in school-age elbw children.
it is important to include systematic renal evaluation in the follow-up programs of elbw infants.
levels of telomerase activity can be an indicator of the proliferative potential of somatic cells and may serve as a diagnostic biomarker of malignancy.
telomeric repeat amplification protocol ( trap ) is a fast and sensitive pcr-based assay for detection and measurement of telomerase activity.
since its introduction , the trap assay has been widely used in cancer and aging studies.
telomerase is present in most human cancers , and proliferative stem cells including germline cells.
telomerase plays an essential role in tumorigenesis by maintaining / elongating telomeric dna , and thus preventing the telomere shortening that results in replicative senescence.
understanding telomerase action in vivo has important implication for both cancer and aging , but there are not robust methods for monitoring telomerase action.
here , we describe this method using hela carcinoma cells as an example.
telomeres are ends of chromosomes that play an important part in the biology of eukaryotic cells.
few studies have focused on perceptions of healthcare among vietnamese who came to the united states ( us ) as refugees.
a total of @number@ of @number@ delivered questionnaires were completed and returned , yielding a response rate of @percent@.
the survey was sent in vietnamese and english , and all except one was completed in vietnamese.
in contrast , only @percent@ described that they would have strongly agreed or agreed to this statement upon first arriving to the us.
further study of this aging population of vietnamese americans might help shed light on concerns faced by other refugee populations who have arrived more recently.
background : the healthcare market is facing a serious shortage of qualified personnel in @number@
therefore , prospective human resource planning is important to avoid loss of competence.
methods : the long range development ( @number@ years ) of human resources in the hospitals of the city of cologne was analyzed.
the model was matched with the staff requirements for each department.
the results showed a capacity analysis which was used to convey strategic measures for staff recruitment and retention.
results : the greatest risk for shortage of qualified staff was found in the fluctuation of doctors and in the aging work force.
a growing number of companies have started to plan ahead of the current demand of human resources.
hospitals should follow this example because the competition for qualified staff members is increasing rapidly.
age-related structural , functional and biochemical changes of the brain can be visualized by neuroimaging methods.
physiological aging of the brain has to be clearly distinguished from pathological alterations of the brain for reliable and early diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases.
concerning the speed of the cerebral aging process , significant inter-individual differences can be observed.
in general , aging is associated with a decline of cognitive functions.
simultaneously , a decay of the average brain volume , especially in the frontal lobe accompanies the process of aging.
correspondingly , a strong susceptibility for age-related degeneration has been observed in the fronto-striato-thalamic network.
age-related degeneration of the white matter further leads to a growing number of t2 hyperintense white-matter lesions.
during life , iron accumulates in the brain , predominantly in the globus pallidus and in the substantia nigra.
intrinsic ageing of the skin is a subtle process resulting in some degree of skin laxity.
the dermal elastic fibre network imbues skin with the capacity to recoil and loss of this property contributes to an aged , wrinkled appearance.
the microarray revealed that the majority of elastic fibre network components were unchanged with age.
androgens , the levels of which decrease with ageing , play many physiological roles in various organs.
testosterone deficiency syndrome ( tds ) has received widespread attention in the last several years.
first-line treatment for tds should be testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) , which is reported to improve several tds symptoms.
in this manual , intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate or human chorionic gonadotropin and the testosterone gel ' glowmin ' were recommended as trt.
purpose of review : metabolic toxicities in hiv patients are common and contribute to clinical status and long-term sequelae.
body fat mass alterations , of multifactorial causes , continue to occur , despite use of antiretroviral drugs associated with fewer metabolic side-effects.
treatment options are also being identified.
antiretroviral drug-related and inflammation-related effects can cause mitochondrial toxicity and are an emerging area of research.
the association of increased visceral adipose tissue with both drug-related and chronic inflammation-related factors is now better understood.
the role of accelerated aging as a paradigm is useful to understand long-term outcome risks for patients.
the use of growth hormone-releasing factor as a viable treatment option for increased visceral abdominal tissue has recently been confirmed for selected patients.
summary : metabolic issues persist in hiv patients who are otherwise stable.
injectable poly-l-lactic acid-treated subjects were followed for @number@ months.
subject satisfaction scores were significantly different ( p < @number@ ) between treatment groups beginning week @number@ and continuing through month @number@
injectable poly-l-lactic acid-treated subjects maintained improvements for up to @number@ months after treatment.
based on these premises , we investigated the differences and similarities in spermidine and resveratrol-induced autophagy.
sirt1 is also dispensable for life-span extension by spermidine.
among these , @number@ proteins are part of the recently elucidated human autophagy protein network.
importantly , spermidine and resveratrol frequently affect the acetylation pattern in a similar fashion.
we surmise that subtle and concerted alterations in the acetylproteome regulate autophagy at multiple levels.
except for age , both groups had comparable demographic features , disease characteristics , and prognostic factors.
induction vad chemotherapy was comparable between the elderly ( @percent@ ) and younger ( @percent@ ) group.
prior to auto-sct , the calculated hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific co-morbidity index was also comparable.
with a median follow-up of @number@ months ( range , 5-227 months ) after auto-sct , @number@ patients were still alive.
disease progression ( n = 40 ; @percent@ ) was the main cause of death , and it was comparable in the two groups.
auto-sct-related mortality was @percent@ ( n = 4 / 104 ) in younger and @percent@ ( n = 3 / 82 ) in older patients.
comparing younger / older subjects , progression-free survival was significantly higher in the younger group ( p < .0001 ) .
in a cox multivariate analysis model , none of the relevant characteristics was shown to be a critical prognostic feature for os.
conclusions : age was insignificant for both os and transplant-related mortality.
we conclude that there is no biological justification for an age-discriminate policy for mm therapy.
physiologic aging is likely more important than chronologic aging.
these granules appear clustered mainly in the stratum radiatum of the ca1 region and increase in number and size with age.
tau and map2 , but not α-synuclein depositions , were also found in aβ aggregates.
granules do not appear to have an astrocytic origin , since although some aβ clusters are associated with astrocyte processes , most clusters are not.
on the other hand , the presence of tau , map2 , and neun in aβ granules suggests a neuronal origin.
however , to date , therapies based on this knowledge have not been forthcoming.
telomeres play a critical role in maintaining genome integrity.
telomere shortening is associated with the risk of many aging-related diseases.
classic twin studies have shown that genetic components may contribute up to @percent@ of the heritability of telomere length.
in the study we report here that we used a multistage genome-wide association study to identify genetic determinants of telomere length.
the mean telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by quantitative real-time pcr.
we first analyzed @number@ single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in @number@ healthy controls , finding @number@ snps associated with telomere length at p < @number@
we then validated these snps in two independent populations comprising @number@ and @number@ healthy controls , respectively.
the variant alleles of these snps were associated with longer telomere length.
we then analyzed the association of these snps with the risk of bladder cancer in a large case-control study.
methods : hes-rpe of @number@ degrees of pigmentation and frpe were cultured on bm explants.
explants were assessed by light , confocal , and scanning electron microscopy.
integrin mrna levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction studies.
secreted proteins in media were analyzed by multiplex protein analysis after 48-hour exposure at culture day @number@
results : hes-rpe showed impaired initial attachment compared to frpe ; pigmented hes-rpe showed nuclear densities similar to frpe at day @number@
tunel-positive nuclei were abundant at day @number@ frpe exhibited substantial bm resurfacing at day @number@ with decreased resurfacing at later times.
most frpe retained rpe markers.
ki-67-positive nuclei decreased with time in culture.
tunel staining was variable.
differences in protein secretion may indicate that hes-rpe may not function identically to native rpe after seeding on aged or amd bm.
purpose : to characterize the thickness profile of the corneal epithelium and the bowman's layer across the horizontal meridian.
methods : forty-four eyes of @number@ healthy subjects were investigated in this study.
results : mean epithelial thickness at the central cornea was @number@ ± @number@ μm.
it increased gradually from the center to the periphery ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no significant difference between the nasal side and the temporal side for epithelial thickness.
nasal and temporal thicknesses were similar on either side of the center.
conclusions : the epithelium and the bowman's layer were not evenly distributed across the horizontal meridian of the cornea.
sd-oct provided useful information about topographic thickness of the different corneal layers in vivo.
neurotrophins , activating the pi3k / akt signaling pathway , control neuronal survival and plasticity.
alterations in ngf , bdnf , igf-1 , or insulin signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease.
we hypothesized that pi3k / akt / gsk-3β signaling pathway could be involved in this apparent age-dependent neuroprotective / neurodegenerative status.
our data might provide insights into the selective vulnerability of specific neuronal groups in alzheimer disease.
forkhead transcription factors ( foxos ) alter a diverse array of cellular processes including the cell cycle , oxidative stress resistance , and aging.
the resulting nuclear foxo increases expression of target genes , including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase.
telomerase mutations and significantly shortened chromosomal telomeres have recently been implicated in human lung pathologies.
natural telomere shortening is an inevitable consequence of aging , which is also a risk factor for development of lung disease.
however , the impact of shortened telomeres and telomerase dysfunction on the ability of lung cells to respond to significant challenge is still largely unknown.
we found that telomerase activity was strongly induced in alveolar epithelial type @number@ cells ( aec2 ) of the remaining lung immediately following surgery.
overall , survival correlated strongly with telomere length.
background : few published data link overweight and obesity with measures of quality of life ( qol ) including sexual health in men.
objective : to assess the association of overweight / obesity with impairment of physical and psychological qol and sexual functions in men.
symptoms of sexual dysfunction ranged between @percent@ ( low sexual desire ) and @percent@ ( infrequent morning erections ) of the participants.
health promotion to improve qol should focus on prevention of obesity and central fat accumulation.
objectives : depression and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent in later life and frequently co-occur.
structural changes in critical brain regions may underlie both conditions.
the authors examined associations of infarcts , white-matter lesions ( wml ) and atrophy at different locations with depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning.
volumetric measures of wml and atrophy were obtained with @number@ t mri ; infarcts were rated visually.
analyses were adjusted for age , sex , education , intelligence , vascular disease , physical functioning and co-occurring brain changes.
conclusion : in this sample of non-demented older persons , subcortical infarcts contributed to an increased risk of depressive symptoms as well as cognitive impairment.
this depended on location in projecting white-matter tracts , and not on infarct size.
design : we used quantitative methods to describe qol , and qualitative methods to explore residents ' experiences of completing the measures.
setting : three care homes in the united kingdom.
sample : twenty residents.
methods : residents completed the measures in interviews.
we report descriptive statistics for qol , the most important qol domains for residents , completion rates and experiences of administering the instruments.
physical limitations and difficulty in understanding the instructions and concepts made completing it a challenge.
the seiqol index was strongly correlated with a single 10-point rating of current qol ( rho = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : to fully understand residents ' qol , detailed interview-based instruments , administered by an experienced interviewer are needed.
to measure current qol , for example , as an outcome measure , a simple single rating scale may suffice.
an overview of the most reported work outcomes is outlined.
perspectives on experienced problems , barriers , facilitators and support needs due to ageing and the work ability index were gathered out as work outcomes.
the presence of a chronic health condition was not related to chronological age.
older workers ( 60-64 years ) reported better scores on social functioning , mental health and vitality compared with workers aged 45-59 years.
most reported problems due to ageing were energy decline , muscle function decline , concentration lapses and memory deterioration.
experienced barriers were concentration , work pace problems and mobility ; facilitators were support from colleagues , informal relations at work and supervisors.
individual agreement had to be met to continue working life.
conclusions : this study confirmed that both chronological and functional age were associated with a decrease in work outcomes.
workers > 60 years did not experience more problems and barriers compared with workers between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
objectives : this study aims to specify the processing operations underlying age-related differences in the speed and accuracy of visual search in a mathematical model.
method : eighteen older and @number@ young adults searched for a predesignated target within 24-degree visual arrays containing distractors.
targets were systematically placed in regions that extended @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ degrees from center.
results : eccentricity effects on latencies and errors were larger for older adults than for younger adults , especially in the hardest search condition.
the resulting time , accuracy , and cluster parameters behaved plausibly in each of the @number@ data sets.
methods : participants were part of the prospective observational university of alabama at birmingham study of aging ( n = @number@ ) .
primary outcomes were iadl and badl decline defined as an increase in the number of activities for which participants reported difficulty after @number@ years.
forward stepwise logistic regression was used to determine associations of baseline ckd and functional decline.
results : participants had a mean age of @number@ ( sd = @number@ ) years , @percent@ were african american , and @percent@ women.
conclusion : in community-dwelling older adults , ckd is associated with iadl and badl decline.
methods : an analysis of baseline data was conducted from a treatment study including @number@ adults age @number@ and older.
the amount of family contact was examined with descriptive statistics.
differences in health and mental health were examined between participants with low , moderate , or high levels of family contact.
older adults who lived with a family member had more severe mood symptoms and poorer mental health functioning.
these relationships remained significant after controlling for medical conditions or psychiatric symptoms.
presently , red blood cell units are stored up to @number@ days in france and canada.
data reported recently suggest that transfusion with older red blood cell units may jeopardize the outcome of severely ill patients.
idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus ( inph ) is an elderly dementia caused by abnormal metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) .
this suggests that the tf-2 / tf-1 ratio could distinguish inph from alzheimer's disease , and possibly other dementias.
in conclusion , glycoform analysis has diagnostic potential in neurological diseases.
yearly clinical evaluations showed that @number@ of the older cohort declined in cognitive function.
defining cases and controls on the basis of biomarkers rather than clinical diagnosis may reduce sample sizes required for genetic studies.
two hundred thirty-two individuals were csf-positive and @number@ csf-negative.
these results suggest that using biomarkers of ad pathology to define case and control status may increase power in genetic association studies.
our aim was to measure cb1 levels in brains of pd patients in vivo and to investigate the relation between cb1 availability and lid.
pd patients were examined using the unified parkinson's disease rating scale ( updrs ) and the modified abnormal involuntary movement scale ( maims ) .
pd patients showed an absolute decrease in cb1 availability in the substantia nigra.
by contrast , cb1 availability was relatively increased in nigrostriatal , mesolimbic , and mesocortical dopaminergic projection areas.
cb1 availability did not differ significantly between advanced pd patients with and without lid.
within the group of pd patients with lid , there was no significant correlation between cb1 availability and lid severity.
in humans , growth hormone ( gh ) is secreted from the anterior pituitary in a pulsatile pattern.
the traditional view is that this secretory pattern is driven by two counter regulatory neurohormones , ghrh and somatostatin.
ghrelin , the natural ligand for the growth hormone ( gh ) -secretagogue receptor ( ghs-r ) , is produced in the stomach.
ghrelin is the strongest gh secretagogue known to date , but the role of endogenous ghrelin in the regulation of circulating gh levels remains controversial.
exposure to genotoxic agents has in general not been found to stimulate repair.
crucial questions concerning the factors regulating repair and the causes of individual variation are as yet unanswered.
we address this paradox in a molecularly characterised sequential adult cohort with classical and mild variant ataxia telangiectasia.
immunodeficiency has the characteristics of premature ageing across multiple cellular and molecular immune parameters.
this immune ageing occurs without previous cmv infection.
these data suggest inherited defects of dna repair may provide valuable insight into physiological ageing.
thymic naïve cd4 + t cells may provide a biomarker for vaccine responsiveness in elderly cohorts.
densities of nps and of nfts were assessed in several neocortical regions and in the hippocampus , entorhinal cortex , and amygdala.
counts of nps in several neocortical regions were also assessed.
in contrast , no measures were significant for subjects who received nsaids.
use of corticosteroids was associated with approximately @percent@ fewer nps and nfts in most brain regions examined , compared with nonmedicated subjects.
in contrast , use of nsaids was not substantially associated with the reductions in hallmark lesions of ad.
serum levels of vitamin d show correlation with the risk of infections , cardiovascular diseases , cancer and autoimmune disorders.
there is an undeniable concern among the elderly about the mental changes they experience as they grow older.
the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of a cognitive training program on @number@ subjects with age-related memory loss.
the results of cognitive performance have been compared with a control group consisting of @number@ subjects with no cognitive training.
the results show significant changes in the test group , demonstrating improved cognitive performance and quality of life perception.
it is well documented that increasing effort during exercise is characterized by an increase in electromyographic activity of the relevant muscles.
how aging influences this relationship is a matter of great interest.
the results showed that agonist activation increased in both age groups with increasing intensity.
age-comparison showed that elderly subjects had high agonist preactivation but thereafter lower activation during the braking phase.
antagonist coactivation was minimal and did not show age- or intensity-specificity.
the elderly had more flexed knees at the instant of ground contact.
when intensity increased , the elderly also plantarflexed their ankles more before ground contact.
ankle joint stiffness was lower in elderly subjects only in high hopping intensities ( @percent@ and max ) .
these results confirm that age-specific agonist muscle activation profiles exist during hopping even when exercise intensities are matched on the relative scale.
the results suggest further that the elderly can adjust their reduced neuromuscular capacity to match the demands set by different exercise intensities.
we examined the fate of ductal plate cells in the hilar region of the liver.
the gallbladder bed did not contain cytokeratin 19-positive cells.
notably , even livers in the elderly contained such marginal positive cells in the hilar region.
these cells were negative for smooth muscle actin and cd34 , but tended to be positive for vimentin.
conclusions : cytokeratin-positive hepatic progenitor cells are likely to exist along the hilar portal pedicle even in adults.
these hilar marginal hepatocytes seem to be derived not from the fetal ductal plate , but from the liver parenchyma.
despite the fact that alzheimer's disease was identified more than @number@ years ago , its cause remains elusive.
although the chance of developing alzheimer's disease increases with age , it is not a natural consequence of aging.
degenerated microglia lose their neuroprotective properties , resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tau tangles and consequently , the neuronal death that causes alzheimer's dementia.
this sequence of events would explain why therapies and vaccines that eliminate amyloid plaques have been unsuccessful in stopping dementia.
regardless of whether clearing plaques is beneficial or harmful - which remains a subject of debate - it does not address the failing microglia population.
humans carrying the prevalent rs9939609 a allele of the fat mass and obesity-associated ( fto ) gene are more susceptible to developing obesity than noncarries.
however , so far there is no evidence directly linking the fto gene to functional cognitive processes.
retrieval of verbal memory is a good surrogate measure reflecting frontal lobe functioning.
objective : to produce age-related normograms for serum antimüllerian hormone ( amh ) level in infertile women without polycystic ovaries ( non-pco ) .
design : retrospective cohort analysis.
setting : fifteen academic reproductive centers.
patient ( s ) : a total of @number@ infertile women.
intervention ( s ) : blood sampling for amh level.
main outcome measure ( s ) : serum amh levels and correlation between age and different percentiles of amh.
conclusion ( s ) : age-related normograms in non-pco infertile women for the 3rd to 97th percentiles were produced.
these normograms could provide a reference guide for the clinician to consult women with infertility.
however , future validation with longitudinal data is still needed.
protein variants with high pathogenicity scores were significantly rarer in the older branches of the tree.
the measured effect of selection increased exponentially with increasing pathogenicity score.
tobacco smoking is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide , in particular through cardiovascular , pulmonary , and malignant pathology.
cpg methylation might plausibly play a role in a variety of smoking-related phenomena , as suggested by candidate gene promoter or global methylation studies.
arrays allowing hypothesis-free searches on a scale resembling genome-wide studies of snps have become available only very recently.
to date , this gene had not attracted attention in the literature on smoking.
hypertension ( htn ) is the most common disease found in patients in primary care [ jnc-7 guidelines.
the seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention , detection , evaluation , and treatment of high blood pressure.
hyper @number@ ; 42 : 1206. ] .
it eventually requires medication if lifestyle modifications are not initiated or do not control the blood pressure well enough.
adverse effects , forgetfulness and patient ignorance are multiple reasons for the hesitancy to begin drug management.
pomegranate juice is rich in tannins , possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties , has anti-aging effects , and potent anti-oxidative characteristics.
athero @number@ ; 158 : 195-8. ] .
overall enzyme activity was significantly elevated in the mci cohort in both cortical regions compared to the nci cohort.
this activity level remained elevated in the ad groups.
objective : to study the prevalence of food intolerance among attendants in a general hospital and to learn its related determinants in beijing , china.
data for epidemiological analysis were entered ( double entry ) into computer and organized by epidata @number@
non-conditional logistic regression model was used for odd ratio ( or ) and 95%ci calculation , with statistic analysis through spss @number@
prevalence of food intolerance increased along with aging.
levels and the kinds of food intolerance were associated with age , sex and appeared a linear correlation tendency ( p < @number@ ) .
prevalence of food intolerance in females ( @percent@ ) was higher than that in males ( @percent@ ) .
compared to males , the or ( 95%ci ) of females was @number@ ( @number@ - @number@ ) .
when compared with normal weights , the or ( 95%ci ) of people with low weight was @number@ ( @number@ - @number@ ) .
conclusion : food intolerance was associated with age , sex and body mass index.
health education should be carried out according to the related characteristics of age and sex.
suggesting that reducing the risk of food intolerance , keeping the suitable weight was necessary.
considerable epidemiologic evidence links consuming lower glycemic index ( gi ) diets with good health , particularly upon aging.
the gi is a kinetic parameter that reflects the ability of carbohydrate ( cho ) contained in consumed foods to raise blood glucose in vivo.
these issues are addressed in this review.
we evaluated the near visual acuity of @number@ dentists and its improvement by using different magnification devices.
galilean loupe , @number@.5× , @number@ mm ; and @number@
keplerian loupe , @number@.3× , @number@ mm.
in part @number@ the influence of the magnification devices was investigated for all dentists.
for part @number@ the dentists were classified according to their age ( < ∕≥40 years ) .
the younger dentists ' group achieved a significantly higher visual acuity with all magnification devices ( p < 0.001 ) .
for part @number@ the dentists were grouped according to their natural visual acuity.
it can be concluded that near visual acuity varies highly between individuals and decreases during the lifetime.
independent of age or natural vision , visual acuity can be significantly improved by using magnification devices.
compared to ambient temperature when bottle aging , lower temperature benefited key aroma retention and expectantly extended the shelf life of young litchi wines.
@number@ , ( mdma ; ecstasy ) is a popular party drug known to cause selective serotonergic damage.
after mdma treatment , tryptophan fiber density decreased and then recovered in all brain regions.
there was no difference in the density of microglial cells or astrocytes in treated groups versus the control @number@ months after the treatments.
moreover , it seems that intermittent mdma treatment attenuates the morphological signs of aging in serotonergic fibers.
use was coded as a time-dependent variable.
incident fractures occurring after the initial medication assessment until @date@ were confirmed by radiographic reports.
potential confounders were included in multivariable models and updated at each follow-up visit.
tca use was associated with an increased risk of nonspine fracture in age-adjusted models , but in multivariable models this risk was attenuated.
ssri use was associated with a higher risk of any nonspine fracture , but not hip fracture , in this cohort of older women.
tca use was associated with a higher risk of nonspine fracture , but this association was in part explained by confounding factors.
laser skin resurfacing has shifted over the past two decades from standard ablative resurfacing to non-ablative resurfacing and most recently , to fractional laser resurfacing.
data were compared with @number@ younger dysphagic patients ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
data are mean ± se ; a p-value < @number@ was considered significant.
no age-related differences were seen in esophageal body pressures or peristalsis duration.
conclusion : basal les pressure is elevated and swallow-induced relaxation impaired in elderly dysphagic patients.
its contribution to dysphagia and the effects of healthy ageing require further investigation.
background : senescent endothelial cells acquire functional properties that make the vascular wall more prone to atherosclerotic changes.
we tested whether senescence of the endothelial cells maintained in in vitro culture can be moderated by their simultaneous exposure to sulodexide.
changes in population doubling time and beta-galactosidase activity were used as indexes of aging and compared with other cellular parameters.
healing of the injured endothelial monolayer is impaired in senescent cells.
the administration of sulodexide could potentially be used in prevention of atherosclerotic changes.
uvb irradiation causes characteristic features of skin aging including remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix.
a key feature during this process is the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and cleavage of collagen.
hyaluronic acid ( ha ) , a major component of the dermal matrix , decreases after chronic uvb exposure.
however , the factors that govern the decline of ha synthesis during the course of actinic aging are largely unknown.
the aim of the present study was to explore whether collagen degradation causes inhibition of ha synthesis in human skin fibroblasts.
the α ( v ) β ( @number@ ) -agonist , rgds , latrunculin a , and an inhibitor of rho-activated kinase inhibited has2 expression.
conversely , blocking antibodies to α ( v ) β ( @number@ ) abolished the down-regulation of has2 and the cytoskeletal effects.
furthermore , inhibition of cofilin phosphorylation in response to cf was prevented by α ( v ) β ( @number@ ) -blocking antibodies.
the key role of erk signaling was shown by reduced nuclear accumulation of phosphoerk and of elk-1 phosphorylation in response to cf.
in addition , the erk inhibitor pd98059 reduced has2 expression.
therefore , a novel mechanism is presented how proteolytic collagen cleavage may inhibit ha synthesis in dermal fibroblasts during extrinsic skin aging.
nerve agents are chiral organophosphate compounds ( ops ) that exert their acute toxicity by phosphorylating the catalytic serine of acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) .
human butyrylcholinesterase ( bche ) functions as a bioscavenger , protecting the cholinergic system against ops.
the stereoselectivity of bche is an important parameter for its efficiency at scavenging the most toxic ops enantiomer for ache.
these structural data support an in-line phosphonylation mechanism.
these combined results suggest that the simultaneous presence of both enantiomers alters the enzyme stereoselectivity.
methods : studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing.
tt performance outcomes were converted to mean percentage changes in power output.
results : five research articles , all using cycling tts , were included , producing @number@ effect estimates and representing @number@ subjects.
background and purpose : thalamocortical connections play a crucial role in complex cognitive functioning , and several neuropsychiatric disorders may involve aberrant thalamocortical circuitry.
here , we quantified the cortical pattern and age-related changes of thalamocortical connections by using probabilistic tractography in children and adolescents.
we hypothesized that detectable asymmetry ( left > right ) exists in thalamocortical fiber connections and the connectivity increases with age during maturation.
the cortical distribution of ipsilateral thalamocortical fibers was quantified by using a landmark-constrained conformal mapping technique.
furthermore , hemispheric asymmetries and potential age-related changes in regional thalamocortical connections were assessed.
results : the left thalamus had significantly higher overall cortical connectivity than the right thalamus ( p < @number@ ) .
however , thalamic connectivity of some other cortical regions ( right sensorimotor , left inferior temporal ) showed a decrease with age.
these data further add to our knowledge about structural lateralizations and their development in the maturing brain.
a placebo-controlled randomized pilot study was performed on five postmenopausal women aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
at the end of the treatment , skin biopsies were collected from application areas on both forearms.
transmission electron microscope examinations revealed skin ultrastructural changes at the dermal epidermal junction ( dej ) after @percent@ c-xyloside application for @number@ months.
the number of zones showing basement membrane re-duplication was indeed strikingly reduced on c-xyloside-treated skin.
these ultrastructural results were further confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the expression levels of α6-integrin the and laminin-332 , as estimated by immunohistochemistry.
moreover , a statistically significant increase in cd44 expression was noted in the epidermis of c-xyloside-treated compared to the placebo treated skin areas.
müller cells play a pivotal role in maintaining retinal homeostasis of the extracellular fluid environment.
information on whether human retinal müller cells suffer from oxidative stress with normal aging is lacking.
we examined post mortem human retinas for the localization of a biomarker of lipid peroxidation ( 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal , 4-hne ) by immunohistochemistry.
they were fixed in @percent@ paraformaldehyde and the retinas cryosectioned and labeled against anti-4-hne employing the immunoperoxidase method.
colocalization with glutamine synthetase revealed that the 4-hne positive profiles in the inner nuclear layer were müller cells.
previous studies have suggested an association between pws and comorbid psychiatric illness.
data on prevalence rates of psychopathology is still scarce.
this paper describes a large-scale , systematic study investigating the prevalence of psychiatric illness in a dutch adult pws cohort.
one hundred and two individuals were screened for psychiatric illness.
these case vignettes were rated by two psychiatrists specializing in intellectual disability ( id ) .
depressive illness with psychotic symptoms was the cause of psychiatric problems in the majority of persons with pws due to deletion ( @percent@ ) .
in the case of mupd , almost all individuals with histories of psychopathology suffered from psychotic symptoms ( @percent@ ) with or without affective component.
psychiatric examination should be part of general management of adults with pws , especially when caused by mupd.
more attention should be paid to the presence of precursor symptoms , indicating a developing psychiatric episode.
longitudinal studies are needed to gain more insight into the natural history of psychiatric illness in adults with pws.
the participants were @number@ typically developing children ( control ) without cerebral palsy and @number@ children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) .
greater mean iemg was seen in cpa , with heavy ball , and for posterior trunk muscles ( p < .05 ) .
the children with cp presented the highest emg and level of co-activation ( p < .05 ) .
linear regression indicated a positive relationship between emg and aging for the control group , whereas that relationship was negative for participants with cp.
we suggest that the main postural control strategy in children is based on corrections after the beginning of the movement.
this paper analyses variables associated with community-dwelling older people's engagement in physical activity ( pa ) .
data were examined using the results from the european zincage study on @number@ community-dwelling italians aged @number@ years and over.
the lifestyle questionnaire was used to evaluate the data.
levels of regular / non-regular pa were based on ≥ @number@ h of weekly exercise.
logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors of pa.
participants reported the time they had spent per week engaging in pa over the last year.
overall , @percent@ of them engaged in regular physical exercise.
pa levels decreased in subjects with probable cognitive decline , depression and high perceived stress levels ( p < 0.001 ) .
the importance of monitoring pa in the elderly emerged , in particular in those having some certain social-demographic characteristics.
the aorta stiffens with aging , a process that is accelerated by arterial hypertension.
decreased arterial compliance is one of the earliest detectable manifestations of adverse structural and functional changes within the vessel wall.
because aortic stiffness depends on the prevailing blood pressure , effective antihypertensive treatment is expected to reduce it in proportion to the blood pressure reduction.
nevertheless , drugs lowering blood pressure might differ in their effects on structure and function of the arterial walls.
behavioral and electrophysiological data related to performance in an auditory go / nogo task were analyzed in young and older adults in the present study.
within-person variability in behavior was assessed by reaction time ( rt ) variability.
young did not differ from older adults in rt variability or in single trial delta / theta itc.
we conclude that within-person variability may increase with age , but the degree depends on performance level and the modality investigated.
here , we have further investigated this phenomenon by analyzing respiratory chain complex subunits individually.
to account for these characteristic patterns , a thiyl radical-based molecular mechanism of intramembrane hydrophobic cross-linking is discussed.
lsh represses endogenous p16 ( ink4a ) expression by recruiting hdac to the p16 ( ink4a ) promoter , which in turn delays cell senescence.
however , the molecular mechanisms that govern loss of lsh expression during cellular senescence have yet to be elucidated.
here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of the human lsh promoter.
ectopic e2f1 increases expression of lsh at both transcriptional and translational levels.
e2f1 physically interacts with the lsh promoter by binding to each of the two putative binding sites and transactivates the lsh promoter.
e2f1 also induces lsh protein expression and transactivates the lsh promoter in 2bs cells.
at the same time , e2f1-induced lsh promoter activity is reduced in senescent cells compared to young cells.
additionally , the offspring of older parents are at significantly increased risk of cancer , diabetes , and neurodevelopmental disorders.
only a proportion of these increased risks among the children of older parents can be attributed to nondisjunction and chromosomal rearrangements.
we found that methylation levels of @number@ cpgs belonging to @number@ genes were significantly correlated with maternal age.
a weaker correlation was observed with paternal age.
cluster sampling was used in randomly selected local residents aged no less than @number@ years.
a cross-sectional study using a slit-lamp ophthalmoscope for examination was carried out from @date@ to @date@ .
a modified grading system based on the well-accepted meller and tseng's system was used.
spss10.0 software was used for data and statistical analysis.
results : a total of @number@ residents took part in this study , with a response rate of @percent@.
among these , @number@ cases were confirmed as conjunctivochalasis , with a prevalence rate of @percent@.
the prevalence rate increased with age ( x2 = @time@ , p < @number@ ) .
a total of @number@ eyes were confirmed as conjunctivochalasis eyes.
the conjunctiva usually accumulated on the nasal and temporal areas of the conjunctival sac ( @number@ eyes , @percent@ ) .
people , along with their families , feel the impact of chronic illness in many areas of their lives.
however , limited information is available about whether chronic illness is already present prior to retirement , or has developed subsequently.
similarly , we know little about what personal and household assistance is needed by people with chronic illness.
in addition , participants were asked about their need for assistance with everyday household tasks and personal care.
responses were received from @number@ respondents , a response rate of @percent@.
of those responding , @percent@ reported having at least one chronic illness at the time of the survey.
each additional chronic illness present at age @number@ reduced working life by a year , and each present at age @number@ by @number@ years.
diabetes , arthritis and depression were significantly related to earlier retirement.
the impact was greatest for both continued workforce participation and need for assistance for those suffering from depression or anxiety.
the relationships between health , workforce participation and need for assistance in daily activities are complex.
background : multiphoton tomography ( mpt ) is a novel non-invasive imaging method in dermatology allowing the depiction of the epidermis with sub-cellular resolution.
methods : in a clinical setting , @number@ volunteers of different age groups were examined using mpt.
finally , the thickness of the epidermis was significantly increased in actinic keratoses compared with the control.
conclusion : in vivo mpt provides high-resolution images allowing the identification and quantification of cellular morphometric parameters.
first observations of morphology and morphometry of actinic keratoses are reported.
design : randomized controlled trial performed during march to @date@ .
setting : geriatric nursing home.
intervention : eight-week muscle strength exercise intervention focused on lower limb strength exercises of light to moderate intensity.
measurements : primary outcome : 1rm leg press.
secondary outcomes : handgrip strength , 8-m walk test , 4-step stairs test , timed up and go test , and number of falls.
results : a significant group by time interaction effect ( p = .02 ) was observed only for the 1rm leg press.
conclusion : exercise training , even of short duration and light to moderate intensity , can increase muscle strength while decreasing fall risk in nonagenarians.
however , one of the most fundamental questions remains unanswered : how is load transmitted through the tendon ?
efficiency of enzyme treatment was quantified using dimethylmethylene blue assay.
the effect of deformation rate was not modulated by the treatment either , indicating no effect on viscosity.
the subtests that best classified the subjects were of the lexical-semantic type but also related to metalinguistic capacity and language organisation skills.
the performance of each group in catalan and spanish was more similar than different.
background : physical activity has a pleiotropic effect and is a significant factor in successful aging.
methods : a total of @number@ questionnaires were sent by mail to a representative sample of healthy pensioners.
results : in all , @number@ responses were validated.
the average age was @number@ ± @number@ years old with @percent@ of women ( n = @number@ ) .
amongst the sample , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) lived in their own homes and @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) lived alone.
we investigated the neural correlates of facial processing changes in healthy aging using fmri and an adaptation paradigm.
we also performed a multivariate analysis to examine correlations between whole-brain activation patterns and behavioral performance in a face-matching task tested outside the scanner.
low-performing older adults used this network to a lesser extent.
this network did not include the core ventral face-processing areas but involved the left inferior occipital gyrus , frontal , and parietal regions.
the classical functions of p53 protein are those related to its role on dna damage , cell growth arrest , senescence and apoptosis.
low-intensity stress will activate p53 in a manner which results in antioxidant response , thus protecting against ageing because of its antioxidant function.
this study presents the circadian energy scale ( cirens ) , a very short and simple chronotype measurement tool based on energy.
the difference between energy level scores ( @number@ to @number@ ) felt by respondents in the evening and morning defines the chronotype score and classification.
this large sample was collected in a web survey for behavioral correlates of the cirens with variables previously associated with chronotype differences.
the correlation of the cirens chronotype score was r = @number@ with the meq and r = @number@ with the msfsc.
cirens chronotype scores declined with age and were not affected by sex.
genome-wide gene expressions in bone biopsies from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and healthy controls were profiled , to identify osteoporosis candidate genes.
a validation group ( n = @number@ ) had clinical and laboratory parameters intermediate to the control ( n = @number@ ) and osteoporosis groups.
rna from iliac crest bone biopsies were analyzed by affymetrix microarrays and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( rt-pcr ) .
laboratory tests showed normal ranges for the cohort.
most of the osteoporosis susceptibility genes ( @percent@ ) also were confirmed to be regulated in the same direction in the validation group.
background : the determination of factors affecting curve flexibility is important in idiopathic scoliosis patients with regard to the risser sign.
the objective of this retrospective study was to identify factors affecting curve flexibility in patients with skeletally immature and mature idiopathic scoliosis.
methods : the records of all patients with idiopathic scoliosis who received surgical treatment from @date@ to @date@ at our hospital were screened.
measurement of these values may aid in the evaluation of treatment options and preoperative planning.
from our perspective , level of cognitive functioning achieved by a group of elderly is largely determined by the health of individuals within this group.
duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) is the most common form of the progressive muscular dystrophies characterized by defects of the dystrophin gene.
although primarily characterized by degeneration of the limb muscles , cardiomyopathy is a major cause of death.
therefore , the development of curative modalities such as gene therapy is imperative.
the myocardium was extensively transduced with microdystrophin to significantly prevent the development of fibrosis , and expression persisted for the duration of the study.
furthermore , bnp and anp levels were reduced to normal , suggesting the absence of cardiac dysfunction.
in aged mice , prevention of ectopic beats as well as echocardiographic amelioration was also demonstrated with improved exercise performance.
these findings indicate that aav-mediated cardiac transduction with microdystrophin might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy.
genetic studies indicate that protein homeostasis is a major contributor to metazoan longevity.
collapse of protein homeostasis results in protein misfolding cascades and the accumulation of insoluble protein fibrils and aggregates , such as amyloids.
we proposed that treating animals with such compounds would promote protein homeostasis in vivo and increase longevity.
tht also suppressed pathological features of mutant metastable proteins and human β-amyloid-associated toxicity.
the role of the innate immunity during human ageing is not well understood.
the activation state of nk cells , reflected by telomerase activity and intracellular interferon γ ( ifnγ ) content , was also measured.
the oldest seniors , on the contrary to the old ones , revealed similar level of serum antioxidant status as the young subjects.
the serum level of il-6 , not detectable in the young subjects , did not differ in the oldest and old seniors.
tnf-α serum concentrations progressively increased with age.
after stimulation , nk cells of both old groups showed higher intracellular levels of ifnγ than young subjects.
il-2-activated nk cells of the oldest seniors showed the highest increase of telomerase activity as compared to the other age groups.
serum level of il-6 correlated positively with activation markers of nk cells.
human life span , with or without modern medicine is around 85-95 years.
all living creatures have their inner clock that measures their daily ( circadian ) and their seasonal ( circannual ) time.
light is blocking the production of melatonin in the pineal gland , darkness is stimulating it.
finally , the reduction of melatonin observed with aging , may indicate the presence of an \ "age clock \ ".
therefore it was hypothesized that the reduction of melatonin levels with age contributes to the aging process.
a large group of people imitate these experiments performed on animals , but the results of these experiments will not be known for several decades.
how is being hungry prolonging the life span ?
there is a connection between caloric reduction and melatonin levels in git.
several experiments indicate that fasting in animals substantially increased their production of git melatonin.
therefore , instead of being permanently hungry , a prolongation of human life could be achieved by a replacement melatonin therapy.
that includes parkinson's disease and alzheimer's disease.
there is a large group of people taking melatonin daily who believe that melatonin is the \ "fountain of youth \ ".
those are the subjects which will one day provide an experimental evidence of the efficacy of melatonin.
our objective was to examine the influence of adult and childhood socioeconomic status ( ses ) on attained adult food intake patterns.
we used data from a 20- to 22-y follow-up study of @number@ danish teenagers.
the baseline survey was conducted partly in @number@ and partly in @number@ and the follow-up survey was conducted in @number@
dietary data were collected at follow-up using a 195-item ffq.
food patterns were derived from principal component analysis.
two food patterns labeled \ "traditional-western food pattern \ " and \ "green food pattern \ " were identified.
in men , adult ses was inversely associated with adherence to the traditional-western food pattern.
high adherence to the green food pattern was positively related to high adult ses in both sexes.
in conclusion , socioeconomic position is important for the development of adult food intake patterns.
potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects were recently ascribed to naturally occurring micronutrients.
the extent and magnitudes of their differential effects on the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) are still unknown.
we examined the association between serum antioxidant status and mets.
nhanes 2001-2006 cross-sectional data among adults aged 20-85 y were analyzed ( n = 3008-9099 ) .
the latter were also inversely related to elevated crp and positively associated with hyperuricemia.
vitamin c exhibited a similar pattern to serum carotenoids with an inverse linear association with mets ( binary ) , homa-ir , and hyperuricemia.
objectives : research on the health consequences of long-term injection drug use ( idu ) is limited.
this article examines these consequences among aging , male mexican american injecting heroin users.
concern for this group is crucial , given its health disparities and the association of idu with disease transmission.
method : aging , male mexican american idus ( n = @number@ ) were recruited through intensive outreach.
participants self-reported health status , medical and substance use history , and completed behavioral and psychometric health scales.
results : results : participants had significantly poorer self-rated health and negative health conditions.
selected medical conditions not associated with the heroin-use lifestyle ( i.e. , hypertension , diabetes , arthritis ) were lower relative to the comparison samples.
discussion : this population has a complex profile of health consequences linked to a heroin-using lifestyle.
context : higher metabolic rates increase free radical formation , which may accelerate aging and lead to early mortality.
objective : our objective was to determine whether higher metabolic rates measured by two different methods predict early natural mortality in humans.
vital status of study participants was determined through @date@ .
cox regression models were used to test the effect of ee on natural mortality , controlled for age , sex , and body weight.
results : in both groups , @number@ natural deaths occurred during the study period.
nt-probnp is an excellent predictor of adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus.
due to an aging population it is of interest to determine whether nt-probnp can predict cardiac events with equal precision in subgroups with different ages.
@number@ outpatients with diabetes mellitus were recruited for this prospective observational study.
nt-probnp , renal function , lipid status and other demographic variables were measured at baseline.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , mean hba ( 1c ) was @percent@ and mean nt-probnp was @number@ ± @number@ pg / ml.
more importantly , the predictive power of this model was similar in different age-groups.
inclusion criteria were the absence of cardiovascular risk factors or presence of not more than one.
patients underwent two-dimensional echo-color doppler scanning of the carotid arteries , adopting a high-definition vascular echographic apparatus and a 11-3 mhz linear electronic probe.
the arithmetical mean of the imt value was calculated.
data obtained from this study show the carotid imt changes in relation to age and sex.
in particular , it grows higher with increasing age , and is always higher in men than in women.
in this way , the ultrasound scan operator can rely on a simple reference scheme.
aortic arch aneurysm occurs more commonly in the aging population.
rapid expansion and symptomatic patients should undergo aneurysm resection regardless of size.
an 87-year-old man was brought to our emergency department because of choking on food during his dinner.
the patient did not have hoarseness , dysarthria , dysphagia , as well as other neurologic symptoms.
he was finally found to have an aortic arch aneurysm.
swallowing is complex neuromuscular activity consisting essentially of @number@ phases : oral , pharyngeal , and esophageal.
the pharyngeal phase was mainly mediated by the pharyngeal plexuses of both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
introduction : the adjustment process to visual impairment can be approached by using theoretical models.
the key variables in these models are usually measured by using psychometric instruments.
the measurements can be taken from those already existing for the general population or be specifically designed for the visually impaired population.
we describe the identification , adaptation and validation of some theses measurements.
the avl and nas were adapted for use in spain.
the relationships between the measurements were all in the expected direction , and the magnitude of the convergent-validity coefficients was considered as acceptable.
all the measurements are available in computerized form in www.proyectotarragona.es.
cleavage of tau at asp421 occurs early in alzheimer disease , and asp421-cleaved tau likely negatively impacts neuronal function.
previously we showed that expression of asp421-cleaved tau in a neuronal cell model resulted in mitochondrial impairment.
the expression of truncated tau alone induced significant mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons.
truncated tau expression also enhanced aβ-induced mitochondrial potential loss in primary neurons.
these new findings show that asp421-cleaved tau and aβ cooperate to impair mitochondria , which likely contributes to the neuronal dysfunction in alzheimer disease.
the advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) are elevated in ad brains and the ages can stimulate β-amyloid production.
whether and how ages may cause ad-like tau hyperphosphorylation and memory-related deficits is not known.
normal language acquisition is a process that unfolds with amazing speed primarily in the first years of life.
however , the refinement of linguistic proficiency is an ongoing process , extending well into childhood and adolescence.
an increase in lateralization and a more focussed productive language network have been suggested to be the neural correlates of this process.
however , the processes underlying the refinement of language comprehension are less clear.
for the language comprehension network , we found a more focal activation with age in the bilateral superior temporal gyri.
for the productive network , however , we could confirm an increase with age both in focus and lateralization.
only in the language comprehension task did verbal iq correlate with lateralization , with higher verbal iq being associated with more right-hemispheric involvement.
in some subjects ( @percent@ ) , language comprehension and language production were lateralized to opposite hemispheres.
currently , hospital expenditures account for approximately one-third of total national health care spending.
the goal was to examine risk factors for hospitalization for an acs condition of medicaid-enrolled younger and older alf residents during 2003-2008.
design : this is a retrospective cohort study that used @number@ years of medicaid enrollment and fee-for-service claims data.
results : in total , study participants had @number@ hospitalizations , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of which were for an acs condition.
acs hospitalizations constitute @percent@ of all hospitalizations for the younger residents and @percent@ of all hospitalizations for the older residents.
conclusion : the results highlight the need for increased education , communication , and future research on these predictive factors.
the role of serious mental illness and dementia in risk for acs hospitalization also deserves further attention.
to date , the demographic and acute medical care use patterns of patients in these practices have not been described.
setting : greater rochester , new york.
participants : participants were @number@ patients residing in @number@ slcs.
measurements : demographic and clinical data were collected.
ed visit and hospital admissions at the @number@ primary referral hospitals for the practice were reviewed for chief complaint and discharge plan.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) of @number@ records were available.
the median age was @number@ years ( interquartile range [ iqr ] @number@ @number@ ) .
patients were predominantly female ( @number@ @percent@ ) and white ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
the median mini mental state examination score was @number@ ( iqr @number@ @number@ n = @number@ ) .
patients took a median of @number@ medications ( iqr @number@ @number@ ) .
patients received acute care @number@ times ( median frequency @number@ iqr @number@ @number@ ) for @number@ unique medical issues.
falls were the most common complaint ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
of the @number@ cases conducted via ed visit , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were admitted to the hospital and @number@ ( @percent@ ) died.
conclusion : slc primary care medical practices serve a population that is older , has significant medical comorbidity , and frequently accesses acute medical care.
although many acute care issues for this population are handled via phone , home visits and / or ed use is common.
challenges to culture change implementation include the wide range of possible interventions as well as a lack of research-based evidence to guide these choices.
design : a cross-sectional study using a survey administered face-to-face.
setting : three large urban nursing homes within a long term care system in new york state.
participants : sixty-two elder nursing home residents participated in face-to-face interviews.
all elders had resided in their nursing communities for at least @number@ months before participation.
elder satisfaction with the nursing home and nursing home staff were also examined.
additionally , dignity remained a significant predictor of elder satisfaction with staff.
conclusion : these results provide one possible path in the culture change journey based on empirical findings.
background : the oldest old represent a unique group of older adults.
this group is rapidly growing worldwide and yet there are gaps in the knowledge related to their health condition.
ethnic differences in disease prevalence and mortality must be understood to better care for the oldest old.
objective : to compare prevalence of common health conditions and predictors of mortality in oldest old mexican americans and non-hispanic whites.
measures included sociodemographic variables , self-reported medical conditions , activities of daily living ( adls ) , and instrumental activities of daily living.
logistic regression analysis was used to examine 2-year mortality in both populations.
results : heart attack was significantly more prevalent in oldest old nhw compared with ma , regardless of gender.
conversely , diabetes was significantly more prevalent among ma men and women compared with their nhw counterparts.
compared with nhw men , ma men had significantly higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and hypertension.
additionally , prevalence of hip fracture was significantly higher for ma women compared with nhw women.
ma men and women had higher prevalence of obesity compared with nhw.
predictors of 2-year mortality for both ethnic groups included older age , male gender , and adl disability.
cognitive impairment was a mortality predictor only for nhw.
similarly , lung disease was a predictor only for ma.
conclusion : health-related conditions that affect the oldest old vary by gender and ethnicity and entail careful evaluation and monitoring in the clinical setting.
better care requires inclusion of such differences as part of the comprehensive evaluation of the oldest old adults.
for the current study , we included answers from adults aged @number@ years and older.
the main variable was disability including basic activities of daily living ( adls ) , instrumental adls ( iadls ) , and mobility disability.
we stratified the adjusted models by the main variables.
we analyzed sociodemographic characteristics , self-perceived health status , lifestyle habits , and comorbid conditions using multivariate logistic regression models.
results : the total number of individuals aged @number@ years and older was @number@ ( @number@ women , @number@ men ) .
women were significantly older than men in all the surveys ( p < @number@ ) .
women showed higher prevalence of disability ( adl , iadl , and mobility ) as compared with men in all surveys.
in addition , subjects with disability had a worse self-reported health status.
conclusions : the current study revealed an increase in disability from @number@ to @number@ in the older spanish population.
individuals with disability reported a worse self-perceived health status and a greater number of comorbid conditions.
introduction and rationale : influenza and pneumonia remain serious health concerns for long-term care ( ltc ) residents.
vaccination of ltc residents and health care workers are reasonable preventive strategies , although most facilities fall short of healthy people @number@ goals.
improving immunization rates across multiple ltc facilities remains an elusive challenge.
this quality improvement study sought to improve immunization rates across @number@ ltc facilities and identify persistent barriers to better performance.
methods : in @number@ @number@ facilities associated with the university of pittsburgh institute on aging established a quality improvement network addressing immunization rates.
the facilities were provided with a written educational toolkit and shared information through an e-mail distribution list.
to help determine optimal program structure in future years , @number@ of the facilities participated in a single half-day collaborative training session.
change in immunization rates from baseline to year @number@ were compared between those participating in the collaborative training and those not participating.
barriers to improved performance were sought from all groups through focus group analysis.
staff turnover was cited as a significant barrier to improved performance.
discussion : it may be possible to improve immunization rates in ltc facilities , at least modestly , using a collaborative training process.
staff turnover may be an important barrier to improved ltc immunization rates.
the review found that numerous physiological and pathological changes may occur with age and alter vital signs.
these changes tend to reduce the ability of organ systems to adapt to physiological stressors , particularly in frail older patients.
however , serial vital sign assessments may have increased sensitivity , especially when viewed in the context of individualized reference ranges.
vital sign change with age may be subtle because of reduced physiological ranges.
however , change from an individual reference range may indicate important warning signs and thus may require additional evaluation to understand potential underlying pathological processes.
as a result , individualized reference ranges may provide improved sensitivity in frail , older patients.
undernutrition may be an important modifiable risk factor for poor clinical outcomes in older individuals.
to achieve earlier detection or prevention of undernutrition , more information is needed about risk factors for the development of undernutrition in community-dwelling older individuals.
the objective was to identify early determinants of incident undernutrition in a prospective population-based study.
cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the association between early determinants at baseline and incident undernutrition.
in @number@ years , @number@ participants ( 13·9 % ) developed undernutrition.
in a multivariate model , poor appetite and reporting difficulties walking stairs ( participants aged < @number@ years ) remained early determinants.
am251 is also potent at modulating tumour cell growth , suggesting that growth factor-mediated oncogenic signalling could be regulated by am251.
since dysregulation of the egf receptor has been associated with carcinogenesis , we examined am251 regulation of egf receptor ( egfr ) expression and function.
experimental approach : the various biological functions of am251 were measured in cb ( @number@ ) r-negative human cancer cells.
pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to validate the data.
this event was associated with enhanced expression of egfr on the cell surface with concomitant increase in egf-induced cellular responses in am251-treated cells.
am251 promoted the degradation of errα protein without loss of the corresponding mrna.
knock-down of errα by sirna-based approach led to constitutive induction of egfr and hb-egf levels , and eliminated the biological responses of am251 and xct790.
finally , am251 displaced diethylstilbestrol prebound to the ligand-binding domain of errα.
iron chelators can reduce oxidative stress by the removal of iron from target tissues.
areas covered : this review focuses on iron chelators used as therapeutic agents.
the importance of iron in oxidative damage is discussed , along with the three clinically approved iron chelators.
objective : to determine impact of age , gender , and vocal training on voice characteristics of children aged 6-13 years.
methods : voice acoustic and phonetogram parameters were determined for the group of @number@ singing and @number@ non-singing children.
results : no impact of gender and / or age on phonetogram , acoustic voice parameters , and maximum phonation time was detected.
the mean maximum voice intensity was @number@ db.
vocal training had a positive impact on voice intensity parameters in girls.
conclusion : the presented data on average voice characteristics may be applicable in the clinical practice and provide relevant support for voice assessment.
the material consisted of surgical samples of testicular tissue from @number@ patients with orchidectomy for prostate carcinoma.
seven age groups were designed , from @number@ to @number@ years.
se had an uneven involution , both individually and inter-individually , but with normal spermatogenesis in many of st.
e degenerative changes were seen mainly in l periphery.
different stages of maturation arresting were more frequent in older patients.
il septae had changes with extremely variable intensity , dispersed mainly in l periphery , without significant spread and without extensive trend with ageing.
leydig cells showed focal hyperplasia without extensive trend related with ageing.
il arteriolae showed focal areas of degeneration with a wide individual and inter-individual range of intensity and extension , but not related with age.
fhyc was often associated with e atrophy.
stw focal sclerosis could explain focal degeneration of se in senescence , although cn undergoes no significant changes.
seven age groups ( aggr ) between @number@ and @number@ years were designed.
tissue samples were immunomarked for collagen iv and smooth muscle actin.
images were acquired and measured with a specialized software.
thirty st were randomly selected , with ×40-objective , for each case.
five random determinations for each st and each parameter were performed.
mean values / tubule , case and aggr were calculated for each parameter.
regression line ( rl ) , slope and significance test for slope were determined for each parameter correlation with ageing.
bm mean value was around @number@ μm , with narrow limits of ranging in aggr but more extended individual limits.
rl showed discrete decreasing trend with ageing but without an obvious statistical correlation.
lp mean value was around @number@ μm , also with narrow limits of ranging in aggr and more extended individual limits.
rl decreased discretely with ageing but without an obvious statistical correlation.
the susceptibility to infection , the pathogenesis and the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis ( tb ) depend on the immunological status of the host.
immunological status is largely determined by age and comorbidities , but is also affected by other less well known factors.
the diagnosis and management of tb in these circumstances is often challenging.
this chapter summarizes our current knowledge of epidemiological , clinical and treatment aspects of tb in particularly susceptible populations.
the growing recognition of the social determinants of health has stimulated research on social capital and mental health.
we explored new empirical evidence regarding whether social capital was a determinant of psychological distress.
we also conducted follow-up surveys in @number@ to capture the social capital measured by trust.
by linking these data and excluding the missing data , @number@ males and @number@ females remained as the subjects of our study.
further , we examined the interaction effect of social capital and social support.
these findings reinforce the hypothesized discussion regarding pathways from social capital to psychological distress via supportive relationships.
stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and their multi-potent differentiation capacity.
as such , stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis throughout the life of a multicellular organism.
aerobic metabolism , while enabling efficient energy production , also generates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , which damage cellular components.
here , the mechanisms of redox regulation in normal stem cells , cancer cells , and cancer stem cells are reviewed.
we report a case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the chest wall.
after resection , the chest wall defect was reconstructed using polypropylene mesh and a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.
a 61-year-old woman presented with a 16-year history of a slow-growing mass underneath the right chest wall.
after percutaneous biopsy , preoperative cytopathological examination of the large mass revealed dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.
the chest wall defect was reconstructed with a polypropylene ( marlex ) mesh sheet followed by a left-side transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.
introduction : translational prostate cancer research is hampered by long intervals from diagnosis to patient progression and difficulty in obtaining cancer tissue for investigation.
the decay of mrna over time and under differing storage conditions was also assessed.
following mrna extraction beta-actin real-time pcr was carried out using a set of @number@ different primer / probes to assess mrna quality and quantity.
the temperature of block storage did not alter quality / quantity of the mrna ( p > @number@ unpaired t test ) .
however , the quality of the mrna in archived ffpe samples did significantly decline with increasing sample age.
conclusions : it is possible to extract mrna of sufficient standard for further transcriptomic analysis from minute ffpe samples up to @number@ years old.
this work adds to the literature suggesting that exploitation of retrospective prostate tissue collections with robust associated clinical data is possible.
in view of an increasingly aging population the prevalence of dementia is also expected to increase rapidly.
in addition to morphological changes different functional mri techniques can help in the early diagnosis of dementia and the precursor stages.
moreover , it is important to detect those mci patients who are at particularly risk for developing dementia.
the visual tracking task involved three different rates of force production ( @number@ @number@ and @percent@ maximal force / s ) .
moreover , stroke participants showed the largest force control deficits during the grip release phase compared to age-matched and young healthy controls.
importantly , step number and mean pause duration quantified stair-stepping while measuring different constructs than root mean square error.
in italy , by the year @number@ @percent@ of the population will be aged more than @number@ years.
this will have important implications for health.
these subjects are at greater risk of physical and cognitive decline , disability and death.
background : depression is associated with an unusually high rate of aging-related illnesses and early mortality.
one aspect of \ "accelerated aging \ " in depression may be shortened leukocyte telomeres.
when telomeres critically shorten , as often occurs with repeated mitoses or in response to oxidation and inflammation , cells may die.
indeed , leukocyte telomere shortening predicts early mortality and medical illnesses in non-depressed populations.
analyses were controlled for age and sex.
principal findings : the depressed group , as a whole , did not differ from the controls in telomere length.
however , telomere length was significantly inversely correlated with lifetime depression exposure , even after controlling for age ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : these preliminary data indicate that accelerated aging at the level of leukocyte telomeres is proportional to lifetime exposure to mdd.
this might be related to cumulative exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation in mdd.
this suggest that telomere shortening does not antedate depression and is not an intrinsic feature.
rather , telomere shortening may progress in proportion to lifetime depression exposure.
lipid-mediated signalling regulates a plethora of physiological processes , including crucial aspects of brain function.
background and aims : dizziness , impaired balance and fear of falling are common complaints in the elderly.
we evaluated the association of vestibular symptoms with vestibular findings in the elderly by posturography and video-oculography ( vog ) .
methods : we studied @number@ oldest old subjects ( ≥ @number@ yrs , mean age @number@ ) living in a residential home.
posturography was measured with a force platform and eye movements were measured by video-oculography.
posturography demonstrated two major findings : the body support area was limited and the use of vision for postural control was reduced.
these four factors were associated in different degrees to vestibular abnormalities and falls.
during the follow-up period , in @number@ elderly ( 19 / 38 ) , one or more falls were recorded.
these factors provide a potential basis for streamlining diagnostic evaluations and aiding in planning for effective therapy.
background and aims : hospital admissions from nursing homes ( nhs ) are associated with high mortality.
identifying people with a poor prognosis admitted from nhs is essential to inform appropriate clinical decision making.
sixty-seven ( @percent@ ) had at least two admissions during the study period ; the maximum number of readmissions was five.
older age and lower admission gcs were additionally associated with overall poor prognosis.
further studies are required to examine whether opportunities exist to intervene and improve outcome in this patient population.
free radicals serve as the main cause for premature skin aging.
additionally , they also contribute towards immunosuppression and the formation of skin diseases including cancer.
the human organism has developed a protection system against the destructive action of free radicals by means of the antioxidant network.
in the present study , the interaction of free radicals and carotenoid antioxidants in the human skin under in vivo conditions was investigated and summarized.
the measurement of carotenoids in human skin was performed in vivo using resonance raman spectroscopy.
while there is no decisive evidence to choose between them , the latter appears more likely.
two mechanisms for the evolved adaptation have been proposed , the ' mother effect ' and the ' grandmother effect'.
microdamage , small crack in bone , is a product of bone fatigue.
burden of microdamage in vivo bone is determined by balance of generation and repair of microdamage.
it has been reported that aging , bone loss , coarse osteocyte network , reduced bone remodeling cause accumulation of microdamage in bone.
it is suspected that insufficiency fractures of subtrochanteric femur in patients under long term bisphophonate treatment are caused by severely suppressed bone turnover.
for many years , those who studied renal disease recognized a strong correlation between diet and disease progression.
diet therapy , now referred to as medical nutrition therapy , has long been investigated in the treatment of kidney insufficiency and kidney failure.
over the years , numerous theories have evolved as treatment modalities.
some of the changes in medical nutrition therapy and specialized nutrition support are addressed.
the mechanisms of both transcriptional repression and activation of arf are not understood.
activation of endogenous p53 enhances arf repression , and reintroduction of p53 back into p53 null mefs restores arf repression.
both dna binding and transactivation activities of p53 are required for arf repression.
we show that p53 is required for both hdac and pcg to repress arf expression.
aging is a biological process characterized by time-dependent functional declines that are influenced by changes in redox status and by oxidative stress-induced inflammatory reactions.
an organism's pro-inflammatory status may underlie the aging process and age-related diseases.
we also analyzed the relationship between changes in vitamin k intake and the evolution of bone quality markers after two years of follow-up.
methods : cross-sectional analysis was carried out on @number@ elderly subjects , @number@ of whom were also included in a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study.
usual dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative 137-item food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) .
vitamin k intake was estimated using the usda database.
bone biochemical markers were measured in a subset of @number@ subjects.
results : dietary intake of vitamin k was significantly associated with higher bmd and better qus.
no significant associations were found between vitamin k intake and bone biochemical markers.
conclusions : high dietary vitamin k intake was associated with superior bone properties.
the optical properties of the lens are dependent upon the integrity of proteins within the fiber cells.
during aging , crystallins , the major intra-cellular structural proteins of the lens , aggregate and become water-insoluble.
modifications to crystallins and the lens intermediate filaments have been implicated in this phenomenon.
phakinin was also truncated and was not detected in the lens nucleus.
tryptic digestion of a truncated form of filensin suggested that the binding site for α-crystallin may be in the n-terminal region.
rapamycin is a macrolide immunosuppressant drug , originally used as an anti-fungal agent , which is widely used in transplantation medicine to prevent organ rejection.
tor intervenes in two distinct enzymatic complexes with different functions , a rapamycin-sensitive complex torc1 and a rapamycin-insensitive complex torc2.
in the cns , rapamycin shows beneficial effects in neuronal survival and plasticity , thus contributing to memory improvement.
in this review , evidence implying rapamycin and tor in aging / life span extension and memory improvement will be discussed.
recent findings about the effects of rapamycin on alzheimer's disease-associated neuropathology will be also discussed.
objective : to identify the immunohistochemical similarities and differences in melanocyte distribution between lm and lmm and chronically sun-exposed skin.
results : histologic features commonly associated with lm were common in negative controls from chronically sun-exposed skin.
such features were present nearly uniformly in the lm and lmm specimens.
background : fractional resurfacing is a new laser treatment used mainly for treating photoaging and acne scars.
materials and methods : a prospective observational study was undertaken from @date@ to @date@ .
laser treatment was performed using a co ( @number@ ) fractional resurfacing device.
patients were offered high-resolution ultrasound imaging to follow up their treatment.
dermal and subepidermal nonechogenic band ( seneb ) thicknesses were measured.
results : twenty-four consecutive patients were included , allowing follow-up of @number@ areas.
statistical analysis showed a significant increase in dermal thickness ( mean variation @percent@ , ( @percent@ confidence interval = @date@ @number@ ) .
seneb thickness was not changed.
older age and greater initial thickness were associated with a smaller increase in dermal thickness according to multivariate analysis.
the region treated was also found to be a significant predictive factor.
conclusion : this is the first report on the use of high-resolution ultrasound imaging to assess the efficacy of fractional laser operating with standard parameters.
the treatment appeared to be more effective in younger patients , probably because their fibroblasts are more prone to synthesizing collagen.
thinner skins were more effectively treated than thicker skins because they could be stimulated throughout their thickness with the treatment parameters used.
the aging population is an undeniable reality which must be faced by all health systems all over the world.
among people over @number@ years old , increase in stroke incidence , high mortality rates and adverse outcomes are problems of major public concern.
in both groups , successful memory encoding performance was significantly correlated with the activation of the right frontal cortex.
furthermore , in healthy controls , there was a significant correlation of memory performance and the activation of the left medial and lateral temporal lobe.
hence , cataract prevention is a big and true challenge , but a very difficult task to be accomplished.
nowadays cataract is more than a routinely recognized and almost always successfully operated ophthalmologic disease.
the diagnosis of age-related cataract diagnosis might alert doctors to some systemic disorders on the whole body level.
increasing age is certainly the most essential age-related cataract risk factor.
however , it seems that cataract could be a multifactor disease because of its individual , familiar , racial and gender expression differences.
oxidation stress : oxidation stress and its form caused by ultraviolet light- photo-oxidative stress are considered to be crucial in the etiopathogenesis of cataract.
all biomolecules suffer damages during cataract formation.
although they are primary characteristics of the lens , these antioxidant elements also depend on their systemic availability and consumption.
this paper is a short literature review of the relation between oxidation stress and age-related cataract.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting predominantly motor neurons.
ifn-stimulated genes ( isgs ) increased in the spinal cord of sod1 ( g93a ) mice at a presymptomatic age.
furthermore , induction of isgs in cultured astrocytes was highly sensitive to ifn , especially type i ifn.
finally , reduction or deletion of ifnα receptor @number@ inhibited ifn signaling and increased the life-span of sod1 ( g93a ) mice.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is a rare segmental premature aging disorder that affects bone and body composition , among other tissues.
we prospectively enrolled @number@ children with hgps ( ages @number@ to @number@ years ) .
however , pqct revealed distinct abnormalities in both novel measures of bone structural geometry and skeletal strength at the radius compared with healthy controls.
dietary intake was adequate , confirming that hgps does not represent a model of malnutrition-induced bone loss.
taken together , these findings suggest that the phenotype of hgps represents a unique skeletal dysplasia.
the dopamine transporter ( dat ) and the enzyme ( comt ) both terminate synaptic dopamine action.
although the functional significance of dat1 vntr is less defined , our results point to a potential influence of slc6a3 on startle magnitude.
advanced glycated end products ( ages ) are formed by non-enzymatic protein glycation and are implicated in several physiological aspects including cell aging and diseases.
recent data indicate that bacteria although short lived produce , metabolize and accumulate ages.
here we show that escherichia coli cells secret ages by the energy-dependent efflux pump systems.
moreover , we show that in the presence of these ages there is an upshift of pro-inflammatory cytokins by mammalian cells.
moreover , the sensing of ages by the host cells may constitute a warning system for the presence of bacteria.
here we examine associations of these traits with @number@ gene regions encoding known antihypertensive drug targets.
two loci , adrb1 and agt , contain single nucleotide polymorphisms that reached a genome-wide significance threshold in meta-analysis for the first time.
our findings suggest that these genes warrant further studies of their genetic effects on blood pressure , including pharmacogenetic interactions.
arterial stiffness has been proposed as an indicator of vascular aging.
we measured aortic pulse wave velocity by applanation tonometry among @number@ men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years.
this association was robust to individual and combined adjustment for pulse pressure , mean arterial pressure , antihypertensive treatment , and chronic disease.
associations of stiffness and blood pressure with physical function scores scaled to sd of @number@ were compared.
pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure were linked inversely only with lung function.
associations of stiffness with functional limitation were robust to multiple adjustment , including pulse pressure and chronic disease.
the nature of the link between arterial stiffness and quality of life in older people merits attention.
pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer requires recruitment and expansion of t-regulatory cells ( treg ) that promote escape from host protective immune cells.
however , it remains unclear precisely how tumors recruit tregs to support metastatic growth.
here we report the mechanistic involvement of a unique and previously undescribed subset of regulatory b cells.
in the absence of tbregs , 4t1 tumors cannot metastasize into the lungs efficiently due to poor treg conversion.
aim : to determine the viscoelastic properties of fresh human lenses obtained from cadavers under @number@ years of age.
there was no statistical difference in these measures between the lens cortices and their respective lens nuclei.
there was a small age-related statistically significant increase in g' , p = 0.003 , but not g " or |g |.
results : average momentary assessments were moderately positively correlated with retrospective ratings of pa and na.
no evidence for age differences in these patterns was found.
sarcopenia = / = dynapenia.
j gerontol a biol sci med sci.
@number@ ; 63 : 829-834 ) .
we subsequently coined the term \ "dynapenia \ " to describe the age-related loss of muscle strength and power.
this article will give an update on both the biological and clinical literature on dynapenia-serving to best synthesize this translational topic.
additionally , we propose a working decision algorithm for defining dynapenia.
a definition for a single risk factor such as dynapenia will provide information in building a risk profile for the complex etiology of physical disability.
because of a lack of data , the working decision algorithm remains to be fully developed and evaluated.
context : the association between aging and falls risk , and the morbidity and mortality resulting from falls in older persons , is well documented.
we present preliminary results pertaining to the incidence of falls in patients with advanced cancer from an ongoing study of risk factors for falls.
methods : ambulant patients with cancer admitted to palliative care services were recruited.
demographic details were ascertained by patient interview and routine record review.
participants were followed-up by weekly telephone calls for up to six months.
results : follow-up has been completed for @number@ patients ; mean age was @number@ ( ±12.86 ) years and @percent@ were male.
sixty-two participants ( @percent@ ) fell during follow-up.
the incidence density of falls was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
conclusion : one in two patients with advanced cancer fell during follow-up of up to six months , regardless of age.
background : nutrient-related anemia among postmenopausal women is preventable ; recent data on prevalence are limited.
design : prospective cohort analysis.
women were enrolled between @number@ and @number@ data collection for these analyses continued through @number@
main outcome measures : anemia was defined as a blood hemoglobin concentration of < 12.0 g / dl ( @number@ g / l ) .
persistent anemia was defined as anemia present at each measurement time point.
statistical analysis : descriptive statistics ( mean ± standard deviation ) were used to characterize the population demographics , anemia rates , and diet.
unconditional logistic regression was used to investigate associations between diet and incident and persistent anemia.
associations are presented as odds ratio and @percent@ confidence intervals.
results : anemia was identified in @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the cohort.
age , body mass index , and smoking were associated with anemia.
women with anemia reported lower intakes of energy , protein , folate , vitamin b-12 , iron , vitamin c , and red meat.
efforts to identify and update incidence estimates for anemia-associated nutrient deficiencies in aging women should be undertaken.
the effect of the dietary n-3 long-chain pufa , dha ( @number@ : 6n-3 ) , on the growth of pre-term infants is controversial.
the dietary arachidonic acid content of both diets was constant at approximately 0·4 % total fatty acids.
the intervention was from day @number@ to @number@ of life until the infant's expected date of delivery ( edd ) .
growth was assessed at edd , and at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months corrected age.
our data show that dha up to @number@ % total dietary fatty acids does not adversely affect growth.
methods : a secondary analysis of the mexican national health and nutrition survey ( ensanut ) , @number@ was conducted.
a descriptive analysis was performed to establish a health profile by socio-demographic characteristics.
results : higher proportion of elderly reporting health problems was found.
the multivariate analysis showed higher probability of being hospitalized among the elderly , but not for risks for acute morbidity and ambulatory care.
conclusions point towards a differentiated use and intensity of health services depending on age.
the projected increase in hospitalization and health care needs for this group requires immediate attention.
recent studies have identified circulating hsp as an important mediator in inflammation - the effects of low-grade inflammation in the aging process are overwhelming.
while much is known about intracellular hsp70 , scant data exist on circulating hsp70 in the aging context.
in the community-dwelling elderly , serum hsp70 and il-10 concentrations were significantly lower and il-6 was significantly higher when compared to healthy young control subjects.
a significant association was also noted between hsp70 levels and the degree of dependency and cognitive decline in geriatric patients.
conclusions : the present data provide new evidence that serum concentration of hsp70 decreases with age in a normal population.
our study also shows that higher levels of hsp70 are associated with inflammation and frailty in elderly patients.
the formulation of the retinyl retinoate , however , is required to enhance skin permeation , and thus to increase the anti-wrinkle effect.
methods : the retinyl retinoate microsphere was prepared using the biodegradable polymer ; polylactic acid ( pla ) .
we also conducted two clinical studies with a total of @number@ korean women for @number@ weeks.
efficacy was based on a global photodamage score , photographs , and image analysis using replicas and visiometers every @number@ weeks.
results : the pla-retinyl retinoate microsphere was more effective for the permeation of retinyl retinoate than retinyl retinoate in itself.
conclusion : retinyl retinoate has a potent anti-wrinkle activity , and the pla-retinyl retinoate microsphere could be a useful cosmeceutical product for anti-aging purposes.
aim : to study the changes in skin microrelief and periocular wrinkles during the aging process.
methods : replicas of the crow's feet area of volunteers were recorded in @number@ and @number@ and observed comparatively.
characteristic features were quantified by image analysis.
results : observation shows that some microrelief features disappear and even merge with wrinkles that become more marked.
some primary lines also tend to merge to form thin new wrinkles.
quantitative data support these observations : the size of small and medium objects of skin relief decreases with age while large objects are becoming larger.
conclusion : over @number@ years , in the group studied , the total area of the detected objects remains quite constant.
only the distribution between small and large detected objects ( microrelief features and wrinkles , respectively ) is modified.
here , we examine the potential of this -980c / g polymorphism to affect aph-1a transcription and confer a risk of ad.
we validated the presence of aph-1a promoter polymorphism -980c / g in other two chinese cohort sets ( @number@ ad and @number@ controls ) .
subsequently , we measured aph-1a mrna and protein levels and γ-secretase activity in c or g allele carriers.
specific yy1 sirna led to decreases in aph-1a promoter activity and mrna and protein levels.
these factors further facilitated β-amyloid ( aβ ) @number@ generation and ultimately modified patients ' susceptibility to ad.
the involvement of transcription factor yy1 might be a novel mechanism for the development of ad.
foxo transcription factors control proliferation , apoptosis , differentiation and metabolic processes.
foxo factors are therefore bona fide tumor suppressors , and their potential use as therapeutic targets in cancer has been a matter of debate.
importantly , foxo factors can also positively regulate cell survival through the activation of several detoxification genes , complicating its putative therapeutic potential.
but again , data has accumulated that cautions against the potential use of the foxo activators in these settings.
therefore , greater understanding of the regulation of foxo target specificity is still needed to boost its use as a therapeutic target.
words and nonwords were used as stimuli to assess item and associative recognition memory performance in young and older adults.
for words , older participants performed worse than young participants on item and associative tests but to a greater extent on the latter.
in contrast , for nonwords , older participants performed equally worse than young participants on item and associative tests.
this is the first study to demonstrate that a manipulation of stimulus novelty can alter age-related associative deficits.
many theoretical accounts predict that as people age , they rely increasingly on affect.
at least one account ( dynamic integration theory ) makes the additional prediction that an accompanying effect of aging is a narrowing of affective space.
these predictions were tested in the context of the relatively automatic low-level cognitive process of lexical access ( auditory word recognition ) .
experiment @number@ used emotion words and experiment @number@ used nonemotion words.
both experiments provided support for both predictions.
affective effects emerge even in nonaffective contexts.
the tight link between affect and cognition is discussed.
age-related deficits in selective attention have often been demonstrated in the visual modality and , to a lesser extent , in the auditory modality.
most important , however , visual distraction was disproportionately larger in older adults.
the current study addressed the question whether audiovisual ( av ) speech can improve speech perception in older and younger adults in a noisy environment.
event-related potentials ( erps ) were recorded to investigate age-related differences in the processes underlying av speech perception.
participants performed an object categorization task in three conditions , namely auditory-only ( a ) , visual-only ( v ) , and avspeech.
both age groups revealed an equivalent behavioral avspeech benefit over unisensory trials.
these amplitude reductions are interpreted as an indication of multisensory efficiency as fewer neural resources were recruited to achieve better performance.
of interest , the observed p1 amplitude reduction was larger in older adults.
little is known about the long-term effects of memory training in later life on strategy use.
memory training had significant immediate effects on all measures of strategy use that were maintained through five years of follow-up.
the study highlights the potential benefits of multi-time scale longitudinal designs for the study of individual function and development.
how optimistically individuals view their future and what they expect from it has often been studied in younger adults.
less attention has been paid to future perceptions in older adults whose future is temporally limited.
with advancing age participants reported fewer future plans and less optimism.
those changes were related to changes in well-being with partial support for a lead-lag relationship.
previous binocular rivalry studies with younger adults have shown that emotional stimuli dominate perception over neutral stimuli.
here we investigated the effects of age on patterns of emotional dominance during binocular rivalry.
importantly , these patterns of emotional dominance and slower rivalry rates for emotional-face / house pairs disappeared when the stimuli were inverted.
this suggests that emotional valence , and not low-level image features , were responsible for the emotional bias in both age groups.
people often encounter reminders to memories that they would prefer not to think about.
when this happens , they often try to exclude the unwanted memory from awareness , a process that relies upon inhibitory control.
we propose that the ability to regulate awareness of unwanted memories through inhibition declines with advancing age.
the study explored age-related differences in the effects of context change on recognition memory by presenting object names ( expt.
1a ) or their pictures ( expt.
1b ) on background scenes.
participants later attempted to recognize previously presented items on background scenes that were original , switched , blank , or new.
older adults recognized fewer word stimuli than did younger adults , and context effects were larger for older adults.
with pictures , however , the age-related decrement was eliminated and context effects were reduced.
older adults can use context information in recognition memory at least as efficiently as younger adults when suitable materials and conditions are provided.
the present study examines source memory for actions ( e.g. , placing items in a suitcase ) .
in addition , neither young nor older adults were more likely to confuse self with close others than with unknown others.
suicidal behavior is a potentially lethal complication of late-life depression.
in younger adults , suicide has been linked to abnormal decision-making ability.
there were no group differences in betting behavior.
the suicide attempters differed in several aspects of social problem-solving on a self-report scale.
quality of decision-making was negatively correlated with the score on the impulsive / careless problem-solving subscale.
these data suggest that older suicide attempters have a deficit in risk-sensitive decision-making , extending observations in younger adults.
more specifically , older suicide attempters seem to neglect outcome probability and make poor choices.
these impairments may precipitate and perpetuate suicidal crisis in depressed elders.
identification of decision-making impairment in suicidal elders may help with designing effective interventions.
the current study investigated the nature of the flow state among older adults.
each participant completed a scale assessing dimensions of flow in a particular activity selected by the participant.
this pattern was reversed for activities that were low in demand.
our data highlight the potential importance of considering motivational states such as flow in understanding cognitive optimization in adulthood.
participants viewed the film followed the next day by misinformation presented in a postevent summary.
they were then interviewed with either a modified cognitive interview or a control interview followed by a recognition memory test.
in both age groups , correct recollections of person and action details were higher in a modified cognitive interview than a control interview.
importantly , older adults who were interviewed with a modified cognitive interview were not susceptible to misinformation effects.
the authors studied the effects of aging on the flexible use of categorization rules based on thematic and taxonomic relations.
two components of flexibility were distinguished : maintenance of a categorical relation , and switching between two relations.
results showed that age affects these two components.
in older adults , an effect of the nature of the categorical relations to be used was revealed.
older adults demonstrated a specific difficulty in the flexible use of taxonomic relations.
younger and older adults judged whether decomposable and nondecomposable idioms and nonidioms had a literal interpretation.
older adults were slower at making literality judgments and more sensitive to conflicts between literal and figurative meanings.
the results support claims of decompositional analysis of idioms during later processing stages and of obligatory activation of figurative meanings.
they also lend support to research that has shown age-related effects in ambiguity resolution.
approximately half of the adults in each group were apoe e4 carriers and half were noncarriers.
we also obtained participants ' scores on a battery of standard psychometric tests.
apoe status , however , was not associated with pm performance.
conclusion : the pronounced deficit observed in the focal pm task suggests that spontaneous retrieval processes may be compromised in very early ad.
the primary features of fxtas are late-onset intention tremor and gait ataxia.
previous reports have shown global deficits in neuropsychological measures among males with fxtas , particularly those related to executive functioning.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological profile among older males with the premutation who are at risk for fxtas.
subjects were examined with a neurological test battery to identify symptoms of fxtas and a neuropsychological test battery to investigate cognitive and behavioral profiles.
linear regression and ancova were used to determine the effect of the premutation on outcome measures adjusting for age and education.
we did not identify deficits in executive functioning in our sample of premutation carrier males with motor symptoms.
however , our results differed in that we found no evidence of premutation-associated executive dysfunction.
we provide possible explanations for this difference.
do children and adults use the same cues to judge whether someone is a reliable source of information ?
adults discredited informants who exhibited poor calibration , but children did not.
requiring adult participants to complete a secondary task while evaluating informants ' credibility impaired their ability to make use of calibration information.
thus , children and adults may differ in how they infer credibility because of the cognitive demands of using calibration.
purpose : african americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension.
the goal here was to better understand the relationship between well-being and environmental factors and their influence on hypertension.
it was hypothesized that there would be a positive association among perceived stress , depression , and hypertension mediated by social support.
regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis.
results : significant relationships were found between perceived stress / depression and hypertension.
the relationship between depression and hypertension was partially mediated by social support ( given ) , while the relationship between depression and hypertension was not.
conclusions : our findings suggest that the impact of stress and hypertension is mediated by individual coping strategies.
given the excess stress and hypertension experienced by african americans , coping may be a particularly salient factor in longevity.
future research should provide insight about specific aspects of coping and other personal characteristics that facilitate and limit the effect of coping on hypertension.
many studies have shown that our organism is mostly sensitive to different influences in pre- and postnatal periods of ontogenesis.
watercress ( cruciferae ) , an integral part of mediterranean diets , is a nutritive food which is used in the treatment of several diseases.
oxidative dna damage seems to play a crucial role in chronic , aging-related diseases and it is considered an important and probably carcinogenic factor.
no differences were found in cell viability between the control and treated groups at any time.
these results suggest that the consumption watercress in the diet is a powerful tool for improving health and the quality of life.
mild action tremor occurs in most normal people.
yet this tremor mainly has been studied within the context of advanced age rather than among the vast bulk of adults who are not elderly.
whether this tremor worsens during young and middle age is unknown.
two thousand five hundred and twenty-four adults in araihazar , bangladesh , drew an archimedes spiral with each hand.
tremor in spirals was rated ( 0-3 ) by a blinded neurologist , and a spiral score ( range , 0-6 ) was assigned.
spiral score was correlated with age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
although the magnitude of the correlation coefficient was modest , tremor severity was higher with each passing decade.
these data suggest that age-dependent increase in tremor amplitude is not restricted to older people but occurs in all adult age groups.
klotho which was originally identified as an anti-aging protein is emerging as a substance with multiple effects on many systems including mineral homeostasis.
novel features of this system include its glycan-modifying enzymatic function in the urinary lumen on calcium and phosphate transporters.
klotho induces phosphaturia by inhibiting the proximal tubule na-coupled phosphate transporter.
the action of klotho is enzymatic in nature which includes alteration of transport activity and the more traditional means of regulation by trafficking.
klotho reduces calciuria by its distal as a sialidase directly on the apical calcium channel.
desialidation of the channel exposes glycan residues that promote binding to galectin-1 , resulting in stabilization of residence on the plasma membrane.
through its systematic as well as renal actions , klotho is emerging as a principal calciophosphoregulatory hormone.
in our study , @number@ subjects stood on a compliant surface with their eyes closed.
in our study , @number@ of @number@ and @number@ of @number@ subjects were responsive for the 1-2- and 0-30-hz stimulus signals , respectively.
the improvement in balance performance did not differ significantly between the stimulations in the two frequency ranges.
the amplitude of optimal stimulus for improving balance performance was predominantly in the range of ±100 to ±400 μa.
here , we review the importance of chromatin regulation in adult stem cell compartments.
we particularly focus on the roles of chromatin-modifying complexes and transcription factors that directly impact chromatin in aging stem cells.
heart failure ( hf ) remains an important heath care problem in the united states.
with the aging of the us population , this trend is expected to continue.
more recently , cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) has become another important therapeutic option for treating heart failure due to systolic dysfunction.
we also examine key clinical questions regarding crt still under research , including predictors of response.
finally , we look at the future of crt and how its indications can be expanded to benefit more patients in the future.
preoperative evaluation of elderly patients is an important component of surgical practice in the 21st century.
it can offer a comprehensive geriatric evaluation and be a key element in decreasing postoperative morbidity and mortality in this unique population group.
advanced surgical and anesthetic techniques have contributed to an increasing number of elderly and sicker geriatric patients undergoing surgery.
advanced age increases the risk of developing complications post-surgery , but comorbidities are more important than age alone.
the risk of severe hypoglycemia likely represents the greatest barrier to t2dm care in the elderly.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a neurodegenerative disease with multiple etiologies.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) accumulate in the aging brain and could be one of the reasons for age-related diseases like pd.
the results indicated that age-α-synuclein aggregates into smaller globular-like aggregates compared to fibrils formed with native α-synuclein.
further , it is found that age-α-synuclein induced conformational changes in scdna from b-form to b-c-a mixed conformation.
additionally , age-α-synuclein altered dna integrity as evidenced by the melting temperature , ethidium bromide , and dnase i sensitivity studies.
age-α-synuclein converted biphasic tm to higher monophasic tm.
the tm of age-α-synuclein-scdna complex is more than that of native α-synuclein-scdna complex , indicating that age-α-synuclein stabilized the uncoiled scdna.
age-α-synuclein could stabilize the uncoiled scdna , as shown by the decrease in the number of ethidium bromide binding molecules per base pair of dna.
dnase i sensitive studies indicated that both age-α-synuclein-scdna and α-synuclein-scdna are resistant to dnase i digestion.
the relevance of these findings to neuronal cell death is discussed.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and parkinson's disease ( pd ) are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders.
why some individuals develop one disease rather than the other is not clear.
association studies with a case-control design are the time-honored approach to identifying risk factors.
extensive association studies have been carried out in both diseases creating a large knowledge database , however , reproducible risk factors remain rare.
this general lack of knowledge of pathogenesis prevents us from reducing the worldwide burden of these diseases.
case-control studies are reductionist paradigms that assume , for maximum power , that the two populations being compared are exclusive and homogenous.
this heterogeneity may be a contributor to the lack of reproducibility in association studies to date.
poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase-1 ( parp-1 ) is a nad-consuming enzyme with an emerging key role in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription.
it is noteworthy that poly ( adp-ribosyl ) ation is required for nuclear gene expression of these mitochondrial proteins.
consistent with these findings , parp-1 suppression impairs mitochondrial atp production.
our results indicate that parp-1 plays a central role in mitochondrial homeostasis by epigenetically regulating nuclear genes involved in mtdna repair and transcription.
these data might have important implications in pharmacology of parp-1 inhibitors as well as clinical oncology and aging.
these mechanisms therefore represent potential therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of such pathologies.
huntington's disease ( hd ) is the most common inherited neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by uncontrolled excessive motor movements and cognitive and emotional deficits.
this article will focus on hd and the evidence that it is a conformational disease.
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) can infect oral mucosa , causing asymptomatic infection or warty lesions.
several case-control studies have confirmed hpv as an independent risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma.
hpv-related cancers seem to have better prognoses and different risk factors than do hpv-negative ones.
hiv-infected patients are known to be at increased risk for persistent genital and anal high-risk hpv infections and intraepithelial neoplasm.
since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy , the prevalence and persistence of warty lesions in oral mucosa have increased.
oral squamous cell carcinoma was recently added in the case definitions for common hiv-related oral mucosa lesions.
hpv32 seems to be much more prevalent in asymptomatic hpv infections and warts among those infected with hiv than among those in the general population.
regarding hiv genes , there is evidence of an interaction between hpv and tat , rev , and vpr.
hiv might play a role in hpv-associated pathogenesis by exhorting oncogenic stimuli via tat and rev or visa versa.
objectives : chronic diseases are important predictors of self-rated health ( srh ) .
this study investigated whether multimorbidity has a synergistic or cumulative impact on srh.
moderation by gender and age was examined.
methods : data originated from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( n = 2046 , aged 57-98 years ) .
we assessed the presence of lung disease , cardiac disease , peripheral atherosclerosis , stroke , diabetes mellitus , arthritis , and cancer.
srh was measured with the question \ "how is your health in general ? \ " including @number@ response categories.
generalized ordered probit models were applied ; possible synergism was examined by testing for nonlinearity of the association.
however , from the second disease onward , each additional co-occurring disease caused cumulative declines in srh.
only in the oldest old ( 85 + ) , the impact of a single disease was similar to that of co-occurring diseases.
results were similar for men and women.
magnetic resonance imaging was used to study changes in the crystalline lens and ciliary body with accommodation and aging.
anterior lens surface shape could not be determined due to the overlapping region with the iris.
ciliary ring diameter decreased ( @number@ ± @number@ mm ) with no decrease in circumlental space or forward ciliary body movement.
equatorial lens diameter increased ( @number@ ± @number@ mm ) with no change in the posterior lens surface radius of curvature.
accommodative changes support the helmholtz theory of accommodation including an increase in posterior lens surface curvature.
certain aspects of aging changes mimic accommodation.
background and purpose : age might differentially affect outcomes in patients treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysms with surgical clipping versus endovascular coil therapy.
we evaluated a large administrative database to determine the effect of age on outcomes in patients treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysm.
ageing is associated with decreases in strength and cardiovascular fitness , and increased cardiovascular risk factors.
a randomised controlled crossover intervention study.
community based resistance training is suitable for improving strength and reducing cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in healthy older individuals.
amyloid β ( aβ ) peptides are important components of plaques in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
a decrease in the csf concentration of aβ40 and aβ42 is a potential biomarker for incident ad.
in contrast , studies on plasma aβ40 and aβ42 concentrations have yielded contradictory results.
plasma concentrations of aβ40 , aβ42 were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology.
the association between plasma aβ concentrations and the risk of dementia was assessed using cox proportional hazard models.
optimal sensitivity and specificity of aβ measurements were determined by roc curve analysis.
the baseline concentrations of aβ40 were similar in all mci groups.
the aβ42 / aβ40 ratio was superior to aβ42 concentration with regard to identify incipient ad in mci.
the ratio of aβ42 to aβ40 rather than absolute levels of the peptides can aid in the identification of incipient ad among mci patients.
a potential role of plasma aβ concentrations as a marker of incipient dementia warrants further investigation.
objective : to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of myasthenia gravis ( mg ) in japan.
methods : we performed a nationwide epidemiological survey of mg in japan.
the clinical features were compared among five groups of patients , divided according to onset age.
a generalized additive model ( gam ) was used to assess the linearity of these relationships.
results : a total of @number@ patients were reported , and detailed data were analyzed for @number@ patients.
the estimated number of mg patients in japan was @number@ giving a prevalence of @number@ per @number@
infantile-onset mg ( 0-4 years ) accounted for @percent@ in @number@ and was still as high as @percent@ in @number@
gam analysis of the ocular form showed a u-shaped curve , with a dip in the 20s.
anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies were positive in only @percent@ of infantile-onset , but nearly @percent@ of elderly-onset patients.
gam analyses assessing the concurrence of thymoma and hyperplasia both showed reversed u-shapes , with peaks in the 50s and 20s-40s , respectively.
conclusions : persistent high incidence of infantile-onset disease and clinical heterogeneity according to onset age are characteristic features of mg in japan.
scope of review : in this paper , we review the role of age-oxidative stress axis and its therapeutic interventions in vascular complications in diabetes.
in addition , mitochondrial superoxide generation has been shown to play an important role in the formation and accumulation of ages under diabetic conditions.
foxo transcription factors have emerged as rheostats that coordinate the activities of akt and targets of rapamycin complexes ( torcs ) .
this review summarizes the regulatory circuits mediated by the activation of foxo , which in turn modulate akt and torcs activities.
the biological significance of these regulatory circuits is discussed in this article.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : p13k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
aerobic exercise has been suggested to ameliorate aging-related decline in humans.
healthy , right-handed participant groups were comprised of @number@ sedentary older adults , @number@ physically active older adults , and @number@ young adults.
across groups , duration of isp from tms was inversely correlated with bold activity in im1 during unimanual movement.
these findings suggest that increased physical activity may have a role in decreasing aging-related losses of interhemispheric inhibition.
we included @number@ subjects ( @number@ diabetics , @number@ hypertensive patients , @number@ controls ) .
the mean intima-media thickness was @number@ mm in diabetics , @number@ mm in hypertensive patients and @number@ mm in controls.
we observed an increase in intima-media thickness of @number@ mm in diabetics and of @number@ mm in controls with every additional year of age.
we found carotid damage in @percent@ of the diabetics , @percent@ of the hypertensive patients and @percent@ of the controls.
in conclusion , the intima-media thickness is greater in diabetics , but the annual increase in the thickness is greater in hypertensive patients.
full english text available from : www.revespcardiol.org.
the fieldwork for the first and second waves of creles was conducted from @number@ to @number@ and from @number@ to @number@ respectively.
the costa rican government raised the amount of the non-contribution pension for the poor @percent@ before @date@ , and an additional @percent@ after that date.
results suggest that increases in income may lead to a greater improvement in self-rated health.
an alternative approach is to manipulate the hormonal status of participants directly.
this research focuses on the effects of hormone therapy ( ht ) on fcas and interhemispheric interactions in postmenopausal women.
functional brain organization was tested in postmenopausal women using either estrogen therapy or combined estrogen plus gestagen therapy.
the results are then compared to age- and iq-matched postmenopausal women not taking ht.
the results indicate ht-related modulations in both fcas and interhemispheric interaction.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : neuroactive steroids : focus on human brain.
forkhead box o ( foxo ) transcription factors are downstream targets of the serine / threonine protein kinase b ( pkb ) / akt.
the akt kinase regulates processes of cellular proliferation and survival.
phosphorylation of foxos by akt inhibits transcriptional functions of foxos and contributes to cell survival , growth and proliferation.
the foxo signaling is regulated by their interactions with other intracellular proteins as well as their post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation.
coupled with their ability to cross-talk with p53 , foxos represent an important class of tumor suppressors in a variety of cancers.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : p13k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
in contrast , slower rt speed was associated with poorer episodic memory in general , but unrelated to the amount of forgetting.
it has been generally accepted that the left hemisphere is more functionally specialized for language than the right hemisphere for right-handed monolinguals.
but more and more studies have also demonstrated right hemisphere advantage for some language tasks with certain participants.
the bilingual status includes early bilingual , late bilingual and monolingual.
therefore , our experimental results indicate left hemisphere dominance for chinese character processing , providing evidence for one part of our model.
introduction : ambient intelligence technologies are a means to support ageing-in-place by monitoring clients in the home.
apart from these technological solutions , there are numerous environmental interventions in the home environment that can support people to age-in-place.
results : the respondents had various motives to use ambient intelligence technologies to support ageing-in-place.
the systems tested increased the sense of safety and security and helped to postpone institutionalisation.
respondents came up with a set of specifications in terms of the operation and the design of the technology.
false alarms were also regarded as a sign that the ambient intelligence technology is functioning.
conclusions and implications : ambient intelligence technologies can contribute to an increased safety and security at home.
the technologies alone offer no all encompassing solution as home care and additional environmental interventions are still needed to support ageing-in-place.
results of the study are used to further improve the ambient intelligence technologies and their implementation.
our results underscore the importance of nursing homes ' processes in facilitating discussions of nursing home residents ' end-of-life care preferences.
study design : prospective.
the effects of age , gender , and repeated measures ( three trials in a single session ) on mpt were assessed.
mean , standard deviation , compound symmetry covariance , analysis of variance , and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis.
results : neither age group , gender , trial , nor their interactions was statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ) .
females and males had mean mpts of @number@ ( se = 0.92 ) and @time@ = 0.96 ) seconds , respectively.
conclusions : mpts were longer in this group of older adults than previously reported and did not vary significantly with age or gender.
additionally , across a single short sampling session , measurements were relatively stable across three trials of mpts.
no differences between groups were found for the other cognitive tests assessed.
we investigated the association of mdd and history of depression with hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volumes and whether hpa axis activity explained this association.
age of first depressive episode was classified into early-onset depression ( < @number@ years ) and late-onset depression ( ≥ @number@ years ) .
hpa axis regulation was assessed by four morning saliva samples , two evening samples , and one awakening sample after @number@ mg dexamethasone.
hippocampus and entorhinal cortex volume were manually outlined on three-dimensional t1-weighted magnetic resonance images.
remitted mdd was related to smaller entorhinal cortex volumes ( p < @number@ ) .
hpa axis activity did not explain these differences.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease.
the gradual , irreversible loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is the signature lesion of pd.
clinical symptoms of pd become apparent when 50-60% of nigral dopamine neurons are lost.
pd progresses insidiously for 5-7 years ( preclinical period ) and then continues to worsen even under the symptomatic treatment.
at present , available therapeutics only temporarily relieve pd symptoms.
the current consensus suggests that pd develops from multiple risk factors including aging , genetic predisposition , and environmental exposure.
here , we briefly review research on the genetic and environmental causes of pd.
we also summarize very recent genome-wide association studies on risk gene polymorphisms in the emergence of pd.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an age-related disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and dementia.
alzheimer's disease is an increasingly prevalent disease with @number@ million people in the united states currently affected.
despite intense research efforts , effective disease-modifying therapies for this devastating disease remain elusive.
new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed.
also , chronic inflammation is closely associated with cardiovascular disease , as well as a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases of aging including ad.
in this review we summarize data regarding , cardiovascular risk factors and vascular abnormalities , neuro- and vascular-inflammation , and brain endothelial dysfunction in ad.
mulvihill-smith syndrome is a rare progeria-like disorder with characteristic findings including premature aging , short stature , pointed face and multiple melanocytic nevi.
a young patient with this syndrome was referred to our department because of a pigmented tumor which was suspected to be a malignant melanoma.
background : methamphetamine ( meth ) abuse continues to be a major illicit drug of abuse.
design : cross-sectional study setting : magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) research center located in a university-affiliated hospital.
measurement : regional gray matter volumes were segmented automatically in all subjects and evaluated in relation to age , using high-resolution mris at @number@ tesla.
conclusions : methamphetamine users appear to show increased cortical gray matter loss with age which raises the possibility of accelerated decline in mental functioning.
aims : the purpose of this study was to determine whether volatile organic compounds specific to pseudomonas aeruginosa could be detected in clinical sputum specimens.
methods and results : patients were recruited from specialist bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis clinics.
the gold standard for diagnosing ps. aeruginosa infection was a positive sputum culture.
2-nonanone was a marker in ps. aeruginosa in sputum headspace gas with sensitivity of @percent@ and specificity of @percent@.
conclusions : in contrast to the 48-hour turnaround for classical microbiological culture , these results were available within 1-2 h.
these data demonstrate the potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of ps. aeruginosa infection from sputum samples.
objectives : to compare attitudes toward dementia screening of older adults with and without an experience of dementia caregiving.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : primary care clinics in indianapolis , indiana.
conclusion : the experience of being a dementia caregiver may influence one's own attitude about accepting dementia screening for oneself.
background : ipl is frequently used to improve telangiectasias , lentigos , and skin texture.
clinical studies have demonstrated that ipl has significant photorejuvenation effects on photoaged skin.
however , the biomolecular mechanisms underlying the photorejuvenation of ipl treatment remain largely unknown.
results : ipl irradiation resulted in the improvement of cell viability of skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner.
there were obvious changes in ultrastructure of fibroblasts , compared with the control group.
ipl irradiation was able to upregulate expression of collagen ( types i and iii ) at the mrna and protein level.
conclusions : the present study demonstrates that ipl irradiation imparts stimulatory effects on skin fibroblasts in vitro.
this provides valuable evidence of the photorejuvenation effect of ipl in vivo.
cbdp ( 2- ( ortho-cresyl ) -4h-1 , 2 , ) is the toxic metabolite of triortho-cresylphosphate , a component of tcp.
human butyrylcholinesterase ( bche ; ec @number@ ) and human acetylcholinesterase ( ache ; ec @number@ ) are irreversibly inhibited by cbdp.
the inhibition constants for ache were @number@ to @number@ orders of magnitude slower than those for bche.
cbdp-phosphorylated cholinesterases are nonreactivatable due to ultra fast aging.
the crystal structure of cbdp-inhibited bche confirmed that the phosphate adduct is the ultimate aging product.
cbdp is the first organophosphorus agent that leads to a fully dealkylated phospho-serine bche adduct.
matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) are known to be involved in ivd degeneration by hydrolyzing the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) , especially the collagens.
the degradation of proteoglycans , which is another main ecm component in the ivd , however , has not been extensively investigated.
forty-five herniated ivds were harvested and immunostained to determine the distribution and type of adamts-5 expressing cells.
il-1β treatment resulted in increased accumulation of no , increased expression of adamts-5 and inos , whereas the accumulation of proteoglycan in alginate beads decreased.
aminoguanidine significantly reversed the changes in alginate beads induced by il-1β treatment.
we thus suggested that adamts-5 is probably involved in the process of ivd degeneration , and that il-1β-induced expression of adamts-5 is mediated by no.
regression models were used to relate pib retention to cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.
hippocampal volume reduction was variably related to aβ deposition.
sporadic tauopathies are characterized by differential cellular and topographical predominance of phospho-tau immunoreactivity and biochemical distinction of the tau protein.
established entities include progressive supranuclear palsy , corticobasal degeneration , pick's disease , and argyrophilic grain disease.
during a community-based longitudinal study on aging , we detected tau pathologies not compatible with these categories.
the mean age of patients ( @number@ women , @number@ men ) was @number@ years.
clinical presentations combined dementia with psychiatric symptoms and / or parkinsonism.
argyrophilic grains were detected in four patients.
few to moderate densities of neuritic plaques but widespread phospho-tdp-43 pathology was observed in five patients.
there was variability in the h1 / h2 and apoe alleles and biochemical features of tau protein.
these complex tauopathies in the elderly deserve specific diagnostic and eventually therapeutic considerations.
advances in pharmacological treatment and effective early myocardial revascularization have led to improved clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) .
however , it has been suggested that compared to younger subjects , elderly ami patients are less likely to receive evidence-based treatment.
thus it appears that these high-risk individuals are often managed with more conservative strategies , compared to younger patients.
this article reviews current evidence regarding management of ami in the elderly.
objectives : to examine the interrelationships among low serum albumin , nutritional depletion , and ongoing inflammation in older patients recovering from illness.
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : a transitional care unit ( tcu ) within a department of veterans affairs hospital nursing home care unit.
participants : @number@ older veterans ( mean age = 78.9 ± @number@.5y , @percent@ male ) admitted for recuperative care and rehabilitation.
complete nutrient intake assessments ( calorie counts ) were performed daily.
potential risk factors for cataract were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis of data obtained from the health examination , blood biochemistry and interviewer-administered questionnaires.
results : results showed that the prevalence of self-reported cataract increased with age and was significantly higher in older women than in older men.
folate insufficiency remained associated with cataract in older men who had adequate vitamin b2 , b6 and b12 status.
maintenance of good folate status should be emphasized to reduce the risk of cataract in the taiwanese elderly , especially men.
objectives : to investigate whether biological markers of health differ among older adults with visual impairment compared to those with normal vision.
setting : survey participants were non-institutionalized.
similarly , older adults with lv were more likely to have high-risk levels of homocysteine compared to older adults with normal vision.
objective : to examine the effects of food groups and dietary nutrients on bone loss in elderly chinese population.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : a longitudinal study started at @number@ in hong kong.
participants : @number@ chinese men and @number@ women aged @number@ years and over in the community.
methods : daily intake of food groups and dietary nutrients at baseline was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.
nutrient intake was adjusted for energy intake by residual method.
of the food groups were associated with bone loss in both measured sites in women.
however , these significant associations disappeared after further adjustment for energy-adjusted calcium and vitamin d intakes.
of the nutrients were associated with bmd loss in both measured sites in women.
conclusions : greater fish intake may help to reduce bone loss in this sample of elderly chinese men.
the role of food groups and dietary nutrients on bone health in this sample of elderly chinese women seems to be minimal.
design : all eligible peg patients , with and without pu , were cross-sectionally assessed for plasma arginine.
three-month supplementation with arginine-enriched water ( arginaid water ) was performed on a subset of patients with pu.
this intervention study was a prospective , non-controlled trial with @number@ pu patients.
setting : geriatric ward of a rural clinical hospital in japan.
participants : thirty-nine inpatients with peg feeding were assessed for plasma arginine.
five of the @number@ patients with pu and five of @number@ patients without pu underwent amino acid profiling.
intervention : five of the patients with pu received arginaid water supplementation.
measurements : plasma amino acid measurements and biochemical analyses were performed.
for those with pu on arginaid water supplementation , plasma arginine concentration and pu status were monitored every month.
conclusion : plasma arginine was lower in peg patients with pu.
the healing rate of pu is improved with arginaid water supplementation.
the findings from this study support the use of arginine supplementation in peg patients with pu.
background : many studies have shown that short telomere length ( tl ) is associated with high oxidative stress and various age-related diseases.
methods : @number@ pd patients and @number@ age-matched controls , > 65 years were studied.
tl was measured by southern blotting from dna samples extracted from white blood cells.
superoxide dismutase ( sod ) activity and plasma levels of total glutathione and protein carbonyls were determined.
no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of oxidative stress markers.
conclusions : in pd , tl is shorter in presence of high oxidative stress as measured by carbonyl protein levels.
the absence of telomere attrition with age among patients with pd could reflect a telomere regulation by mechanisms other than age.
design : cross-sectional study corresponding to the baseline assessment of the epidos study.
setting : five french cities including amiens , lyon , montpellier , paris and toulouse.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling older women ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
measurements : time to achieve ftss , and spmsq score.
subjects were divided into @number@ groups according to spmsq score ( either impaired < @date@ or normal ≥ @date@ ) .
conclusion : we found a negative association of ftss with global cognitive performance.
achieving ftss in less than @number@ seconds made unlikely the existence of a moderate cognitive impairment.
ftss could be used as a tool in primary care medicine to exclude moderate cognitive decline.
objective : to determine the impact of dental prosthetic condition on food consumption , risk of malnutrition and follow-up 4-year mortality risk in elderly taiwanese.
participants : a national probability sample of @number@ men and women @number@ years of age or older.
cox regression was used to compare follow-up mortality risk.
removable-denture wearers also had lower self-perceived nutritional status and bmi compared to fixed-denture wearers.
survival analysis showed that non-denture wearers and removable-denture wearers had lower follow-up 4-year survival.
cox regression analysis showed that removable-denture wearers had increased follow-up 4-year mortality risk compared to fixed-denture wearers adjusted for sociodemographic , lifestyle and health-related factors.
it can affect food pattern and the risk of malnutrition and mortality of elderly persons.
dental care should be an important part of geriatric health promotion program and fixed-denture is a preferred choice over removable-denture.
design : clinical study with biochemical and anthropometric measurements.
subjects : fifty two elderly patients ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) with anemia , 65-91 years of age.
measurements : prohepcidin , ferritin , soluble transferrin receptor , erythropoietin and interleukin-6 were measured using commercially available elisa kits.
iron , tibc , transferrin , c-reactive protein and complete blood count were assayed using standard laboratory methods.
body fat content , fat distribution and protein nutrition state parameters were assessed by means of anthropometry.
prohepcidin levels of the elderly patients with anemia were positively correlated with biceps , subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thickness or body fat mass percentage.
in our study serum prohepcidin levels do not correlate with any iron parameters or inflammation markers.
objectives : to assess the nutrition risk status of community living older people and to identify associated risk factors.
design : a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling.
setting : north shore city , auckland , new zealand.
data collection was carried out by a research nutritionist using computer assisted personal interviewing in the participant's own home.
participants : fifty-one independently living people aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
conclusion : nutrition risk is common among aged individuals living in the community.
health and social factors that shape eating behaviours place older people at increased nutrition risk.
strategies are needed for the early identification of risk factors to prevent nutrition problems.
engaging older people at risk to share meal preparation and dining experiences may foster better outcomes.
objectives : to identify factors associated with nutrition risk among a purposive sample of those in advanced aged.
design : a cross sectional feasibility study.
setting : three north island locations in new zealand.
participants : one hundred and eight community-living residents aged 75- @number@ years.
a physical activity scale for the elderly ( pase ) was used to determine level of physical activity.
markers of body composition , grip strength and fasting blood samples were collected.
lower levels of haemoglobin , serum zinc and physical activity were associated with higher nutrition risk.
conclusion : half the participants were at high nutrition risk.
they tended to be widowed or live alone and had lower levels of haemoglobin and serum zinc.
strategies which encourage older people to eat meals and be physically active with others may assist to improve their health.
huntchinson-gilford syndrome ( progeria ) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by premature aging.
it is reported the case of child whose alopecia started at the age of @number@ months on the occipital region.
the child also presented scleroderma plaques on the abdomen.
this syndrome presents alterations in many organs and systems such as the skin and the skeletal and cardiovascular systems.
the diagnosis is clinical and there is no treatment for it but recognition is necessary to minimize early atherosclerosis through the control of dyslipidemia.
objective : to evaluate the association between abnormal aai with mbd and inflammation in patients on hd.
methods : this was a cross-sectional analysis of @number@ patients on hemodialysis for at least one year.
the aai was evaluated using a portable doppler and mercury column manometer.
c-reactive protein measurement was used as an inflammatory marker , whereas mbd was evaluated by calcium , phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone levels.
the prevalence of low , normal and high aai was @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : in patients on hemodialysis , the presence of diabetes was associated with both low and high aai.
the risk of having low aai seems to be increased by aging and inflammation , whereas bmd was associated with high aai.
elderly people receiving care deserve special attention regarding drugs that are appropriate for their age group.
the objective was to assess the drugs in the program considered to be inappropriate for the elderly.
design and setting : descriptive study evaluating free drug distribution in the state of são paulo , brazil.
results : among the available drugs , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were included within the beers-fick criteria.
the drugs selected were : amitriptyline , cimetidine , diazepam , digoxin , fluoxetine , methyldopa , nifedipine , promethazine , thioridazine and ferrous sulfate.
introduction : internal thoracic artery ( ita ) is an established arterial graft for the coronary artery by-pass surgery.
special micro-anatomical features of the ita wall may protect it from age related pathological changes.
one of the complications seen after coronary artery bypass grafting is vasospasm.
sympathetic nerves may be involved in vasospasm.
objective : to ascertain the sympathetic innervation of the internal thoracic artery and to assess the effect of aging on this artery by histomorphometry.
samples were divided into three age groups : g1 , 19-40 years ; g2 , 41-60 years ; g3 , > 61 years.
sections ( thickness @number@ mm ) of each sample were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and verhoeff-van gieson stains.
five of fifty-four samples were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining.
verhoeff-van gieson staining showed numerous elastic laminae in the tunica media.
tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining demonstrated sympathetic fibers , located mainly in the tunica adventitia and the adventitia-media border.
the sympathetic nerve fiber area and sympathetic index were found to be @number@ mm² and @number@ respectively.
discussion : histology of the ita showed features of the elastic artery.
this may be associated with lower incidence of atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia in ita samples even in elderly cases.
low sympathetic index ( @number@ ) of ita may be associated with fewer incidences of sympathetic nervous systems problems ( vasospasm ) of the ita.
conclusion : sympathetic nerve fibers are present in the adventitia of the internal thoracic artery.
this is an elastic artery , although anatomically it is considered to be medium-sized.
the sympathetic index may be used for analysis of sympathetic nerve fiber-related problems of the internal thoracic artery.
the gsg6 protein was immunogenic and anti-gsg6 igg levels and / or prevalence increased in exposed individuals during the malaria transmission / rainy season.
moreover , this response dropped during the intervening low transmission / dry season , suggesting it is sensitive enough to detect variation in vector density.
remarkably , anti-gsg6 igg levels among responders were high in children and gradually declined with age.
indeed , shh signaling in mdm2-deficient gnps is attenuated , concomitant with decreased expression of the shh transducers , gli1 and gli2.
we also find that shh stimulation of gnps promotes mdm2 accumulation and enhances phosphorylation at serine @number@ a modification known to increase mdm2-p53 binding.
significantly , loss of mdm2 in ptch1 ( + / - ) mice , a model for shh-mediated human medulloblastoma , impedes cerebellar tumorigenesis.
this risk is thought to be mediated , in part , through the mechanism of stiffening of the arteries.
the results were similar in men and women and were not dependent on the presence of ckd.
factors other than vascular stiffening may mediate the relationship between disordered mineral metabolism and cvd events in community-living elders.
purpose : to investigate the age-related changes in human palpebral conjunctiva and meibomian glands by in vivo confocal microscopy.
laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to observe and measure the upper palpebral conjunctiva and meibomian glands.
customized software was used to analyze the images.
the quantitative parameters included the mean densities of goblet cells , conjunctival basal epithelium , langerhans cells , and meibomian glandular acinar units.
no statistically significant difference in these @number@ parameters was observed between the male and female subjects.
however , no significant correlation was detected between the densities of conjunctival basal epithelium or langerhans cell density and age.
ara supplementation decreased p300 latency and increased p300 amplitude of event-related potentials in healthy elderly men.
cognitive impairments in patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and patients with organic brain lesions were significantly improved with ara and dha supplementation.
ara and dha supplementation also increased coronary flow velocity reserve in elderly individuals ; this suggests beneficial effects of pufas on coronary microcirculation.
in conclusion , ara and dha may be beneficial in preventing and / or improving age-related declines in brain and cardiovascular system function.
these data indicate that lv dysfunction is observed following pe and that advancing age does not increase the magnitude of this response.
data were analyzed using hierarchical linear models.
results : on average , physical impairment increases throughout a resident's stay and is more rapid later in the stay.
the findings indicate a novel link between microrna pre-processing and the timing of whole organism growth and development.
purpose : to identify proteomic differences between age-related nuclear cataracts ( arncs ) and normal lens nuclei.
proteins with different abundances were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
western blot analysis was used to verify the changes in αa-crystallin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gapdh ) levels.
sds-page showed decreased protein levels at ∼20 kda in arnc lenses but significantly increased levels at hmw ( > 200 kda ) .
liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that the hmw aggregates derived largely from crystallins also contained filensin , phakinin , and carbonyl reductase @number@
conclusions : the results show that crystallins , especially αa-crystallin , aggregate irreversibly during arnc development.
some enzymes ( gapdh , retinal dehydrogenase @number@ and carbonyl reductase @number@ ) may be involved in and / or accelerate this process.
background : protein anabolism in response to feeding may be impaired with aging.
to determine if this could contribute to muscle loss , we studied fed-state metabolic responses in healthy , non-sarcopenic elderly women.
results : both groups had similar muscle and lean body mass indices and activity level.
glucose uptake was stimulated , and production suppressed similarly.
whole-body protein synthesis and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate increased similarly.
this is consistent with other factors such as sedentarity , low protein intake , and concurrent diseases , being responsible for the sarcopenia of aging.
with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) , hiv has become a chronic disease.
as hiv-infected patients are aging , they are at increased risk for comorbid diseases.
these non-aids related diseases account for a growing proportion of intensive care unit ( icu ) admissions in hiv-infected patients in recent studies.
respiratory failure remains the most common indication for icu admission.
immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome and toxicities related to haart may also result in icu admission.
the impact of haart on icu outcomes is unclear.
haart administration in the icu can be challenging due to limited delivery routes , concern for viral resistance and medication toxicities.
there are no data to determine the safety or efficacy of haart initiation in the icu.
furthermore , we wished to determine if a-loc is an age-dependent phenomenon in vvs and whether haemodynamic parameters on tilting can predict for a-loc.
a set protocol of questioning occurred following induced syncope to determine the presence of a-loc.
the prevalence of a-loc following syncope on tilting was @percent@ ( 44 / 159 ) .
forty-two per cent of those≥60 years of age vs. 20% < 60 years of age experienced amnesia post-induced syncope ( p = 0.003 ) .
however , regression analysis did not show age to be an independent predictor for a-loc.
blood pressure change between those without amnesia and those with amnesia showed no significant difference ( p = 0.687 ) .
conclusion : amnesia for loss of consciousness is common in vvs.
although more prevalent , it is not unique to older age-groups.
absence of syncope associated bradycardia during hut testing predicts for a-loc.
study design : demographics , diagnoses , surgical treatments , and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent major hepatic resection were reviewed.
results : there were @number@ patients who underwent major hepatectomy ( resection of @number@ or more segments ) from @number@ to @number@
postoperative mortality and morbidity occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , respectively.
increasing age was independently associated with postoperative mortality ( p = @number@ ) .
this relationship was independent of american society of anesthesiology ( asa ) score.
conclusions : in the contemporary era , increasing age is independently associated with postoperative mortality after major hepatic resection at high volume academic centers.
background : in the last @number@ years , @number@ patients with type c distal humeral fractures ( ao13-c1-3 ) were treated at our hospital operatively.
materials and methods : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ distal humeral fractures were treated operatively by perpendicular dual plating osteosynthesis.
twenty-two patients ( mean age @number@ years ) were available for follow-up.
results : the dominant side was affecting in @percent@.
transolecranon approach was chosen in @percent@.
good / excellent results were found in @percent@ ( cassebaum ) and @percent@ ( jupiter ) .
mean quick-dash was @number@ ± @number@
mean range of motion ( rom ) was @date@ .9° / 128.2°.
mean hospitalization time was @number@ days , @percent@ were polytrauma patients.
early mobilization was possible in @percent@.
conclusion : early mobilization was possible in the majority of cases , which may be a prerequisite for satisfying functional results.
using new locking plates , early mobilization could be maintained even in an aging population.
the average age of women having their first child has been rising in recent decades [ @number@ ] .
since fertility declines with age , it is not surprising that larger numbers of women over @number@ are seeking ivf.
any change in reproductive norms tends to generate concern.
i look at risks to women and offspring , and also consider questions of efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
i discuss the possibility that ivf for older women could raise increase the problems associated with egg procurement.
nor should it be provided or withheld on the basis of moral judgements about patients ' values or lifestyles.
risk factors associated with aaa were to current and former smoking , age , and presence of femoral murmur.
the tte results were equivalent to those of abdominal ultrasound.
all patients with aaa studied by coronary angiography showed significant coronary lesions.
this study should be performed mainly in patients ≥55 years old or with risk factors to develop an aaa.
objective : breast cancer screening guidelines recommend that women and physicians consider life expectancy when making screening decisions in older women.
however , prior studies suggest that screening mammography patterns are dependent on age rather than health status or mortality risk of women.
the main outcome was self-reported receipt of mammography in the last year.
prospective studies are needed to explore the use of the prognostic index as a mammography screening decision tool.
percent predicted fvc and fev ( @number@ ) also were assessed as continuous variables.
findings were consistent in sex and race subgroups and for heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction.
conclusions : abnormal spirometric findings in older adults without clinical lung disease are associated with increased heart failure risk.
lmx1a is a transcription factor involved in the development of dopamine ( da ) -producing neurons in midbrain.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) appears to be a significant risk factor for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
hyperglycaemia induces increased peripheral utilization of insulin , resulting in reduced insulin transport into the brain.
molecular mechanisms that protect cns neurons against ligands ( addl ) , responsible for synaptic deterioration underlying ad memory failure , have been identified.
the protection mechanism does not involve simple competition between addls and insulin , but rather it is signalling dependent down-regulation of addl-binding sites.
defective insulin signalling make neurons energy deficient and vulnerable to oxidizing or other metabolic insults and impairs synaptic plasticity.
in fact , destruction of mitochondria , by oxidation of a dynamic-like transporter protein , may cause synapse loss in ad.
moreover , interaction between aβ and τ proteins could be cause of neuronal loss.
hyperinsulinaemia as well as complete lack of insulin result in increased τ phosphorylation , leading to an imbalance of insulin-regulated τ kinases and phosphatates.
however , amyloid peptides accumulation is currently seen as a key step in the pathogenesis of ad.
inflammation interacts with processing and deposit of β-amyloid.
chronic hyperinsulinemia may exacerbate inflammatory responses and increase markers of oxidative stress.
in addition , insulin appears to act as ' neuromodulator' , influencing release and reuptake of neurotransmitters , and improving learning and memory.
thus , experimental and clinical evidence show that insulin action influences cerebral functions.
in this paper , we reviewed several mechanisms by which insulin may affect pathophysiology in ad.
such cell damage very likely underlies the serious adverse effects of blood transfusion.
any correlation between the changes in the cell properties with cell aging is also not clear.
the ζ-potential of y-rbcs decreased gradually with aging.
this quantitative approach not only clarifies the picture but also has implications in biology and medicine.
factor analysis was applied to the whole questionnaire.
the correlation of s with qol1 and qol2 scores was evaluated using spearman's rank correlation tests.
factor analysis revealed that three factors ( s , qol1 and qol2 ) explained @percent@ of the variance.
owner-perceived severity correlated significantly with qol1 and qol2 ( p = @number@ and p = @number@ respectively ) .
the five diseases with the worst qol scores were scabies , pododermatitis , complicated atopic dermatitis , pemphigus foliaceus and endocrine alopecia.
pruritic diseases did not give significantly higher qol1 or qol2 scores compared with nonpruritic diseases ( p = @number@ kruskall-wallis test ) .
owner sex , age or educational level did not influence qol scores.
female sex , a younger age and a higher educational level were significantly associated with more willingness to pay.
questions related to the burden of maintenance therapy showed the lowest improvements in score.
methods : forty-five patients received a range of 2-3 treatments in the upper , lower eyelids and periorbital area with a fractional laser device.
the results were judged by three dermatologists who had not taken part in the treatments.
therefore , the safety and photo-stability in the development of ra or rol derivatives have been an important issue.
aim : to identify the efficacy of retinyl retinoate as an anti-aging agent of cosmetics in treating females over @number@ years old with periorbital wrinkles.
methods : the clinical study was a prospective , double-blind , randomized , and controlled study with a total of @number@ korean women.
at every @number@ weeks , the effectiveness was assessed with a global photodamage score , photographs , and image analysis using replicas and visiometers.
the successive application of @percent@ retinyl retinoate cream for @number@ months showed decreased depth and area of wrinkles in comparison with @percent@ retinol cream.
a statistically significant increase was observed after @number@ and @number@ weeks for dermal distance and dermal intensity , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : retinyl retinoate had characteristic features of new anti-aging agents , and effectively improved facial wrinkle conditions.
objective : to explore the basic syndrome related factors in patients with chronic prostatitis ( cp ) .
osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a major health concern not only in women but also in men.
serum igf-1 was measured at baseline by radioimmunoassay.
fractures occurring after the baseline visit were validated.
further adjustment for bone mineral density ( bmd ) resulted in an attenuated but still significant association between serum igf-1 and fracture risk.
serum igf-1 below but not above the median was inversely related to fracture incidence.
the population-attributable risk proportion was @percent@ for all fractures and @percent@ for hip fractures.
the association between serum igf-1 and fracture risk is partly mediated via bmd.
receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves are commonly used to summarize the classification accuracy of diagnostic tests.
it is not uncommon in medical practice that multiple diagnostic tests are routinely performed or multiple disease markers are available for the same individuals.
in this article , we propose a method of combining multiple diagnostic tests in the absence of a gs.
we assume that the test values and their classification accuracies are dependent on covariates.
simulation studies are performed to examine the performance of the combination method.
despite increasing interest in age- and gender-related bone alterations , data on trabecular microstructure at the proximal tibia are scarce.
fifty-six proximal tibias from @number@ japanese men and women ( 57-98 years of age ) were used in this study.
the subjects were chosen to give an even age and gender distribution.
the trabecular bone specimens from the medial compartment of the proximal tibial metaphysis were examined.
however , trabecular number ( tb.n ) decreased by @percent@ between the middle-aged and elderly groups in women and nearly double that in men.
increased trabecular resorbing surfaces , perforated or disconnected trabeculae and microcallus formations were observed with age.
these findings illustrate potential mechanisms underlying osteoporotic proximal tibial fracture.
we then accounted for the psychosocial factors when examining multiple health correlates of health realism , optimism and pessimism.
dispositional optimism was associated with less health pessimism and life event stress was associated with greater pessimism among those in good oh.
health optimism and pessimism have different psychosocial contributors and health correlates , validating the health congruence approach to later life well-being , health and survival.
health-risk communications frequently target self-efficacy in order to encourage adaptive responses.
research has also indicated that self-affirmation may be a useful supplementary or alternative intervention technique.
this study compared the effects of self-efficacy , self-affirmation and a combination of these techniques for two risk messages.
however , self-affirmation moderated the effect of efficacy information.
for photoageing messages , efficacy information was associated with greater message acceptance only amongst self-affirmed participants , but the opposite occurred for skin cancer messages.
using a speeded word fragment completion task , we assessed age differences in the automatic accessibility of emotional versus neutral words from semantic memory.
participants were instructed to complete a series of single-solution word fragments as quickly as possible.
objectives : both genetic and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
methods : the subjects were @number@ male employees ( aged 20-59 years ) of a large-scale integrated manufacturing facility in japan.
bmd was measured at the nondominant radius by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
lifestyle information was obtained by a questionnaire at the same time , and genomic dna was isolated from peripheral leukocytes.
results : mean ± standard deviation ( sd ) bmd was @number@ ± @number@ g / cm ( @number@ ) .
the genotype frequencies of lrp5 gene polymorphism were @number@ @number@ and @percent@ for aa , av , and vv , respectively.
exercise ( past or current ) also influenced bmd.
conclusions : these findings suggest that lrp5 a1330v polymorphism and exercise may influence bmd in japanese male workers.
methods : data were obtained from a @number@ takamatsu city health survey mailed to @number@ randomly selected japanese individuals in takamatsu , a medium-sized city.
we examined data from @number@ japanese adults.
the questionnaire addressed social background , health-related behaviors , chronic conditions , eq-5d items , and self-rated health.
results : eq-5d scores decreased with age , particularly for respondents who were unemployed or retired.
conversely , sufficient sleep ( 7-8 h / day ) and having a hobby were significantly associated with increased hrqol.
conclusions : information is lacking regarding hrqol in japanese populations.
this study furthers our understanding of some important determinants influencing japanese hrqol , using the eq-5d in takamatsu , japan.
our results also resembled some findings from similar studies in other countries.
we hope to use the eq-5d with other health survey questionnaires to gather more data about hrqol of japanese people.
muscles of old laboratory rodents experience exaggerated force losses after eccentric contractile activity.
bone geometry is an important measure of bone strength and is known to be affected by weight-bearing and adult ageing.
total and cortical bone volumes and medullary cavity volumes ( mm ( @number@ ) ) were calculated at proximal and distal sites for both bones.
in contrast , distal bone geometry appeared largely to be conserved in both tibia and fibula.
proximally , medullary cavity volume was greater in the older groups in the tibia but not the fibula.
distally , the only difference found in either bone was a significantly greater fibular medullary cavity in the very old group.
also , weight-bearing activity appears to provide a greater osteogenic stimulus at the distal portions of the leg bones.
approximately 10-15% of acute strokes are caused by non-aneurysmatic intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) and incidences are expected to increase due to an aging population.
studies from the 1990s estimated mortality of ich to be as high as @percent@.
recently it has been shown that treatment in a specialized neurological intensive care unit alone was associated with better outcomes after ich.
in recent years considerable efforts have been undertaken in order to develop new therapies for ich and to assess them in randomized controlled trials.
although hemostatic therapy with afviia reduced growth of the hematoma it failed to improve clinical outcome.
similar results were found in a randomized controlled trial on blood pressure management in acute ich.
the link between reduction of hematoma growth and improved outcome is therefore still lacking.
likewise the value of surgical hematoma evacuation remains uncertain.
whether improved intensive care can contribute to improved outcome after ich will be shown by data obtained in the coming years.
there has been no prospective study on age-related changes of the extensor muscles of the cervical spine in healthy subjects.
the mean interval between the studies was @number@ ± @number@ years.
disc degeneration was not correlated with a change in extensor muscle volume.
development of shoulder stiffness during follow-up was significantly negatively correlated with a change in the cross-sectional area of the deep extensor muscles.
the age of the victim plays a crucial role for the legal implications concerning pornography.
judges therefore often call on forensic experts to verify the age of individuals depicted on photographs or videos.
however , there is no scientifically established protocol available for forensic practice in such cases.
to overcome these limits , a european research group has explored the applicability of facial proportions as an age indicator on images.
in this sample , several indices extracted from the frontal and lateral photographs were closely correlated to their respective indices taken from the living individuals.
furthermore , age-related changes were identified for indices taken from the photographs.
the discriminant analysis showed that for the pooled sample , @percent@ of the cases were correctly classified into the respective age group.
the present study suggests that the metric assessment of the face may be used for age estimation on images.
nonetheless , more work needs to be done in order to verify the reliability of these findings on a large sample.
during normal aging , widespread loss of nerve cells does not occur.
neuronal loss is limited to restricted regions of the nervous system and is slight ( probably no more than @percent@ ) .
these changes probably make a significant contribution to the behavioral impairment and cognitive decline that often accompany normal aging.
metabolic syndrome is associated with a low-grade , chronic inflammation , primarily in adipose tissue.
a low-level of inflammation is also present in the aging process.
there are emerging results indicating that ampk signaling can inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-κb ( nf-κb ) system.
ampk can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses which are involved in metabolic disorders and the aging process.
the activation capacity of ampk declines in metabolic stress and with aging which could augment the metabolic diseases and accelerate the aging process.
we will review the ampk pathways involved in the inhibition of nf-κb signaling and suppression of inflammation.
we also emphasize that the capacity of ampk to repress inflammatory responses can have a significant impact on both healthspan and lifespan.
there were @number@ males and @number@ females , aging from @number@ to @number@ years old.
results : this training method had a significant effect for patients with articulation disorders.
objective : : the aim of this study was to better understand the linkages between impairment and activity limitation among groups of elderly community-living persons.
included were @number@ persons @number@ yrs or older with one or more activity of daily living or instrumental activity of daily living-only activity limitations.
limitations were addressed according to the impairment ( s ) perceived to be causing them.
results : : musculoskeletal impairments accounted for more than one-third of all perceived causes.
an aging workforce and high-stress environments have led to more nurses working with their own health problems , which in turn affects productivity.
to assess this issue , the authors conducted focus groups with nurses and nurse managers.
the polycomb group protein bmi1 has been linked to proliferation , senescence , cancer progression and stem cell phenotype.
at present , very little is known about its regulation.
furthermore , a mutant of bmi1 with an altered βtrcp recognition motif is much more stable than wild-type bmi1.
we also show that wild-type bmi1 but not the mutant bmi1 interacts with βtrcp.
accordingly , compared to wild-type bmi1 , mutant protein exhibited increased pro-oncogenic activity.
in summary , our findings suggest that βtrcp regulates turnover of bmi1 and its function relevant to oncogenesis , cellular senescence and aging.
background : delineating the natural history of dementia progression has important clinical implications , including reducing caregiver burden and targeting effective drug trials.
although less variance in cognitive decline was observed for the similarly aged controls , numerous significant predictors of these differences were identified.
conclusion : the neurodegenerative process underlying dementia overshadows formerly significant predictors of cognitive change.
background : a low concentration of serum folate is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
extracellular cysteine is involved in aging , cancer and cardiovascular disease.
the relationship between serum folate and plasma cysteine is poorly understood.
therefore , we investigated this relationship in industry workers , whose health has economic implications.
methods : the concentration of serum folate was determined by the access immunoassay system sanofi pasteur.
plasma cysteine and homocysteine were measured by an ion-pair hplc method.
the concentrations of serum triglycerides were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method.
background : it is unclear whether in late life serum thyroid-stimulating hormone ( tsh ) predicts risk of developing cognitive impairment.
serum tsh was measured at baseline.
no association between baseline tsh and risk of developing any mci subtype or ad was found.
background : old-old age ( 80 + years ) is associated with substantial cognitive decline.
in this population , training-induced cognitive plasticity has rarely been studied.
the wm training consisted of five tasks that were trained in each of @number@ sessions.
to evaluate possible transfer effects , executive functions were assessed with two tests before and after training.
the training group was divided via median split in high- and low-capacity individuals to determine the influence of baseline wm capacity on training gains.
results : the training group improved in four of the trained tasks ( medium-to-large effects ) .
training gains were significantly larger in the training group than in the control group in only two of those tasks.
the training effects were mainly driven by the low-capacity individuals who improved in all trained tasks.
no transfer effects were observed.
conclusions : these positive effects of a short wm training , particularly for low-capacity individuals , emphasize the potential for cognitive plasticity in old-old age.
the absence of transfer effects may also point to its limits.
the last @number@ years have been characterised by an increase in life expectancy and an improvement in the quality of patients ' lives.
such advances , to a significant extent , can be attributed - up to @percent@ of the total - to the results of pharmaceutical research.
neurodegenerative diseases are disabling conditions continuously increasing due to aging of population.
a disease modifying therapy that slows or stops disease progression is therefore a major unmet medical need.
unfortunately , research for effective treatments is hampered by lack of knowledge on the pathologic processes underpinning these diseases and of reliable biomarkers.
these difficulties produce frequent failures and waste of human and economic resources.
there have been few investigations of the link between changes in life-course socioeconomic position ( sep ) and cognitive decline or incidence of dementia.
participants of mexican origin ( n = @number@ ) were members of the sacramento area latino study on aging cohort.
incidence of dementia / cind was ascertained by using standard diagnostic criteria.
nearly @percent@ of the sample maintained a low sep throughout life.
hazard ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals were computed from cox proportional hazards regression models.
early exposures to social disadvantage may increase the risk of late-life dementia.
however , little is known of how bold variability and task performance may relate.
these findings help establish the functional basis of bold variability , and further support the statistical and spatial differentiation between bold variability and bold mean.
we thus argue that the precise nature of relations between aging , cognition , and brain function is underappreciated by using mean-based brain measures exclusively.
purpose : expectations regarding aging ( era ) in community-dwelling older adults are associated with personal health behaviors and health resource usage.
clinicians ' age expectations likely influence patients ' expectations and care delivery patterns ; yet , limited research has explored clinicians ' age expectations.
design and methods : this study was a cross-sectional survey of primary care clinicians affiliated with @number@ practice-based research networks , @date@ to @date@ .
a total of @number@ of the @number@ distributed surveys were returned ( @percent@ response rate ) ; @number@ analyzed.
results : female clinicians reported higher era-12 scores ; clinicians ' age expectations decreased with greater years in practice.
agreement with individual era-12 items varied widely.
implications : unrealistically high or low era could negatively influence the quality of care provided to patients and patients ' own age expectations.
research should examine the etiology of clinicians ' age expectations and their association with older adult diagnoses and treatment.
medical education must incorporate strategies to promote clinician attitudes that facilitate successful patient aging.
background : age-related cataract is a major cause of morbidity.
previous studies of diet and cataract risk have focused on specific nutrients or healthy eating indexes but not on identifiable dietary groups such as vegetarians.
associations between cataract risk and intakes of selected nutrients and foods generally reflected the strong association with diet group.
conclusion : vegetarians were at lower risk of cataract than were meat eaters in this cohort of health-conscious british residents.
interaction models describe the change of ses mortality differences with age or health , days in hospital being a proxy for the latter.
mortality differentials are stable across age groups but converge when health deteriorates.
intensive treatment for very sick people will not decrease ses mortality differences.
telomere length has been shown to be positively associated with nutritional status in human and animal studies.
context : with better antiretroviral treatments ( arts ) , persons living with hiv ( plwh ) are living longer , healthier lives.
methods : this study was a secondary analysis of symptom reports in longitudinal data collected from @number@ plwh in 1992-1994.
multilevel modeling was used to test for changes over time in hiv-related symptom clusters.
changes were independent of baseline disease severity or psychological covariates.
there was substantial within-person variability in absolute symptom severity.
further research is recommended on symptom progression in plwh.
this association is not restricted to the links between vitamin d and calcium and bone metabolism.
objective : to review the influences of vitamin d on the aging process other than those related to bone and calcium.
its effect on mortality is also assessed.
in addition , searches were carried out with google.
frailty is a condition frequently associated with low serum 25 [ oh ] d levels.
conclusion : the aging process and mortality are associated with low vitamin d levels.
prospective controlled trials are warranted to determine whether vitamin d supplements can increase longevity and reduce the incidence of certain conditions.
in addition to structural brain mechanisms , we demonstrated that attention modulates the direction and degree of ear asymmetry in dichotic listening.
elderly showed increasingly more difficulties focusing attention on the left ear ( le ) with advancing age.
alzheimer patients showed severe deficits to allocate attention to the le , which could result in a right ear advantage.
both interhemispheric disconnectivity ( callosal atrophy ) and intrahemispheric disconnectivity ( subcortical white matter lesions ) appear to be important factors contributing to these findings.
apolipoprotein d ( apo d ) is a lipocalin expressed in a wide variety of mammalian tissues.
the apo d promoter shows @number@ estrogen response elements and it has been shown that its expression is influenced by estrogens in breast cyst fluid.
we visualized apo d immunohistochemically and then performed a quantification of the chromogen signal strength.
our findings show that apo d expression is influenced by age , braak stage , and sex.
apo d is always expressed by neurons with no signs of degeneration or death.
sources of phthalates other than polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ) related products are scarcely documented in mexico.
the objective of our study was to explore the association between urinary levels of nine phthalate metabolites and the use of personal care products.
direct interviews were performed to inquire about sociodemographic characteristics , reproductive history , use of personal care products , and diet.
urinary concentrations of mep showed a positive relationship with the number of personal care products used.
our results suggest that the use of some personal care products contributes to phthalate body burden that deserves attention due to its potential health impact.
objective : to define the neurologic characteristics and course of ataxia-telangiectasia ( a-t ) .
study design : retrospective cross-sectional chart study of @number@ children ( ages @number@ to @number@ years ) followed at an a-t clinic.
cerebellar and extracerebellar symptoms were graded according to degree of functional impairment.
head circumferences were plotted from the charts and z-scores were calculated and compared with that of family members.
all features aggravated with age.
microcephaly appeared postnatally , was proportionate to height and weight , and did not correlate with severity of ataxia or genotype.
conclusions : in addition to cerebellar ataxia , extrapyramidal symptoms , especially bradykinesia , were frequent and disabling.
methods : aads-i was administered to professional carers of @number@ aging id individuals.
corresponding icc for test-retest reliability were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ @number@ @number@
this subscale also correlated with the dementia questionnaire for persons with intellectual disabilities.
behavioral deficits are more frequent in subjects with dementia.
conclusions : these results confirm the reliability and validity of the italian version of aads.
background : dementia research often requires the participation of people with dementia.
obtaining informed consent is problematic when potential participants lack the capacity to provide it.
given a series of risk-benefit profiles , respondents indicated whether they were comfortable with proxy consent to research for each scenario.
results : two percent of the respondents felt proxy consent should never be allowed.
in all groups , comfort depended far more on the risk-benefit profile associated with the research scenario than with type of proxy.
for studies involving serious risks with potentially greater personal benefits , older adults and informal caregivers were less comfortable with proxy consent.
conclusions : a large majority of canadians are comfortable with proxy consent for low-risk research.
further work is needed to establish what kinds of research are considered to be low risk.
chronological age is a fundamental and yet elusive variable in studies of many wild animals.
in this review , we assess the existing and potential application of using telomeres for age estimation.
furthermore , these processes are likely to vary spatially and temporally for animal populations.
we conclude that the current data suggest telomeres should not be used for age estimation.
among the elderly , the quality of higher brain function is a contributing factor in performing activities of daily living.
the aim of the study is to elucidate , epidemiologically , associations between mastication and higher brain function.
a total of @number@ community-dwelling elderly persons , aged 70-74 years , were enrolled.
correlations between masticatory ability and each test were examined using spearman rank correlation coefficients.
significant correlations were found between the rcpm test , the verpa task , the block design test and masticatory ability.
significant associations may exist between mastication and higher brain function among the elderly.
the polarization of immune cells is critical in controlling the stages of inflammatory response.
nr4a subfamily members are aberrantly expressed in inflamed human synovial tissue , psoriatic skin , atherosclerotic lesions , lung and colorectal cancer cells.
significantly , prolonged or inappropriate inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.
in activated cells , nr4a receptors are rapidly and potently induced , suggesting that these receptors may act as important transcriptional mediators of inflammatory signals.
here , we will review the contribution of the nr4a orphan nrs to integration of cytokine signalling in inflammatory disorders.
the proposed underlying anti-aging mechanisms are down-regulated translation , increased autophagy , altered metabolism and increased stress resistance.
in addition , derivatives of resveratrol , including glucosylated molecules , have been linked to similar beneficial effects.
in this paper , we review patents in which resveratrol glucosides are specifically involved in immunological activity in humans.
the first objective of this review and re-evaluation is to present a brief history of efforts to mathematically model the growth of tissues.
the second objective is to place this historical material in a current perspective where it may be of help in future research.
the overall objective is to look backward in order to see ways forward.
( @number@ \ "analytical description of growth , \ " j. theor.
j. eng.
sci. , @number@ pp. 1137-1145 ) .
it is the method with an independent future that some earlier writers considered as an aspect of the dcg model.
the study measured listener sensitivity to increments in the inter-onset intervals ( iois ) of successive 20-ms 4000-hz tone bursts in isochronous sequences.
the stimulus sequences contained two-six tone bursts , separated equally by silent intervals , with tonal iois ranging from @number@ to @number@ ms.
difference limens ( dls ) for increments of the tonal iois were measured to assess listener sensitivity to changes of sequence rate.
comparative dls were also measured for increments of a single interval located within six-tone isochronous sequences with different tone rates.
listeners included younger normal-hearing adults and two groups of older adults with and without high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.
discrimination performance of the older listeners with and without hearing loss was equivalent and significantly poorer than that of the younger listeners.
the discrimination results are examined and discussed within the context of multiple-look mechanisms and possible age-related differences in the sensory coding of signal onsets.
transient evoked otoacoustic emissions ( teoaes ) are usually evoked with air conduction ( ac ) stimuli.
bc-teoaes were measured binaurally in ten normal hearing adults and in ten infants.
for measurements in infants , miniaturized probes without loudspeakers were constructed to allow a complete insertion of the probe in the infant's ear canal.
it could be shown that robust and valid bc-teoaes can be elicited using a nonlinear stimulation protocol.
findings in adults indicated that bc-teoaes can be measured with properties similar to ac-teoaes.
however , mean bc-teoae levels were reduced by @number@.8-3.7 db depending on frequency.
in view of test time , this is compensated by performing binaural recordings.
measurements in infants indicated that the screening performance of bc-teoaes and ac-teoaes may be comparable.
further studies have to investigate , whether bc-teoaes are more robust than ac-teoaes against small conductive hearing loss.
histamine dihydrochloride ( ceplene® ) is a synthetic derivative of the biogenic amine histamine.
histamine dihydrochloride inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species that suppress the activation of t cells and natural killer ( nk ) cells.
this difference was also shown for the subgroup of patients in first remission.
the between-group difference in overall survival ( os ) was not significant , although this trial was not powered to detect such a difference.
histamine dihydrochloride and il-2 therapy had an acceptable tolerability profile in patients in the phase iii trial.
the majority of reported adverse events were of grade @number@ or @number@ severity.
serious adverse events were mostly relapse related.
background : older adults have more chronic medical conditions , and the level of polypharmacy increases with advancing age.
malnutrition and drug nutrient interactions are of concern in this population.
objectives : the aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine nutritional status , the use of medications , and drug-nutrient interactions in older adults.
methods : interviewer-administered surveys were conducted in @number@ community-dwelling older ( age > 65 years ) adults.
information regarding demographics , nutritional status , medical history and medication usage was obtained.
self-reported data were verified by third parties when feasible.
informed consent and human subjects committee approval were obtained.
a pilot conducted prior to the onset of the study revealed high rates of inter-rater reliability.
data were recorded and entered into excel spreadsheets for coding and cleaning and transferred to spss @date@ @number@ for analyses.
results : the respondents ' mean age was @number@ years.
the top six most frequently used classes of medications were gastrointestinal agents , antihypertensives , diuretics , analgesics , β-adrenoceptor antagonists and antihyperlipidaemics.
the prevalence of polypharmacy among the participants was @percent@ , with @percent@ of those participants using five or more medications.
most notable was the statistically significant inverse correlation between increasing number of medications and intake of fibre.
intake of cholesterol , glucose and sodium were positively associated with increasing medication use.
a trend was also observed for increased phosphorus intake and increased number of medications used.
intake of fat-soluble vitamins , b vitamins , carotenoids and minerals was lower in those with increasing number of medications.
decrements in physical health were associated with decreasing intake of many fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins , major minerals , trace minerals and electrolytes.
conclusions : the number of medications used by older adults in this convenience sample was associated with poorer nutritional status.
decrements in physical health have a statistically significant effect on nutrient intake.
further research into these issues is required.
background : there are concerns that automated drug dispensing may increase inappropriate drug use.
automated dispensing could lead to perpetual repeating of drug therapies without the necessary re-evaluation.
methods : this was a pragmatic randomized controlled study conducted in primary care.
patients were recruited from six dutch community pharmacies.
each patient was independently reviewed by two pharmacist reviewers.
the results of these medication reviews were sent to the community pharmacist to be discussed with the patient's general practitioner ( gp ) .
the primary outcome measure was the number of drps leading to a recommendation for drug change.
secondary outcomes were the total number of drug changes and the number of drug changes related to a recommendation.
in order to analyse drug changes , medication records were collected @number@ months after the medication review or index date in the waiting-list group.
potential drps were classified using the document classification.
the mean number of drps per patient at baseline in the intervention group and waiting list combined was @number@ with no difference between the groups.
conclusions : this study shows that patients using automated drug dispensing have a high number of drps.
medication review decreases the number of drps among these patients.
we recommend that all patients with automatic drug dispensing should have a thorough medication review by pharmacists and prescribers.
therefore , they need to be adapted when used in a non-us hospital setting.
in addition , the acove qis depend on patient and caretaker interviews to assess the quality of care.
study design : the qi set was developed based on the acove qis , dutch national guidelines , evidence from the literature and expert opinion.
in three review rounds , the qi set was adapted and judged on face and content validity.
the feasibility of implementation of the qi set and inter-rater reliability were determined.
setting : the study was conducted between @date@ and @date@ in a tertiary 1002-bed university hospital.
research team : two pharmacists were responsible for the selection and adaptation of qis.
measurements : fleiss ' κ values and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated for inter-rater reliability.
results : an 87-item qi set was accepted by the expert panel.
of this set , @number@ qis were based on acove qis and @number@ qis were newly added.
the qi set demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability and good feasibility.
background : several previous studies have reported an undertreatment of pain in elderly persons with dementia.
it has also been suggested that persons with dementia may be at risk for inappropriate treatment of pain with psychotropics.
we also aimed to investigate whether use of psychotropics is related to pain in persons with and without dementia.
methods : we used baseline data from the snac-k ( swedish national study of aging and care - kungsholmen ) .
results : of the persons with dementia , @percent@ used at least one analgesic drug compared with @percent@ of those without dementia.
although persons with dementia reported pain less frequently than persons without dementia , the prevalence of pain-related diagnoses was similar.
furthermore , having a pain-related diagnosis was associated with use of psychotropics in persons with dementia.
glaucoma affects millions of people around the world.
the treatment of most forms of glaucoma includes the use of topical agents that enhance aqueous humour outflow , reduce aqueous production , or both.
topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs must penetrate across the tissues of the eye to reach their therapeutic targets.
often , these tissues show the first signs and symptoms of drug toxicity and adverse effects.
the same therapeutic modalities can be used to treat erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
physicians must be active and counsel patients and partners to improve adherence to penile rehabilitation or erectile dysfunction treatment.
during the course of ageing the decline of cognitive performance , including attention and working memory processes essential for arithmetic procedures is well known.
as for the latter the recently realized small world network characteristics representing optimal conditions for information processing may be of particular importance.
heart rate and behavioral measures ( number of mistakes , reaction time ) were also investigated.
the alpha2 band decreased in the young , while the delta band increased in the elderly in the task condition.
the increased omega-complexity observed in the elderly is probably caused by reduced interneuronal connectivity.
in the last years dramatic changes in clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted to cardiac intensive care units have been observed.
aging population , non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases , acute and chronic severe comorbidities , all increased the susceptibility to develop life-threatening critical settings.
in this context , palliative care programs are needed more frequently.
the average diameter and area of a red blood cell population were ascertained to correspond to the generally accepted adult upper normal ranges manually calculated.
the composition of a red blood cell population was determined by the distribution of cells containing different hemoglobin levels.
the use of the results of the investigation optimizes the detection of patients with impaired hemoglobin formation.
objective : to discuss the effectiveness of distal palm perforator mini-flap in the treatment of scar contracture of digital web-spaces.
the causes were burn injury , twisting injury , and crush injury in @number@ cases , respectively.
the disease duration was from @number@ months to @number@ years.
the maximum abduction degree of digital web-spaces was 5-10 degrees.
the sizes and the depths of reshape of digital web-spaces disappeared.
the defect size ranged from @number@ mm @date@ mm to @number@ mm @date@ mm after opening digital web-spaces.
the size of the distal palm perforator mini-flap ranged from @number@ mm @date@ mm to @number@ mm @date@ mm.
the donor sites were sutured directly.
results : all @number@ flaps survived and got primary healing.
incisions at donor sites healed by first intention.
all patients were followed up 6-12 months.
the reconstructed digital web-spaces had good appearance and soft texture.
the range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint was normal.
the sizes and the depths of reshape of digital web-spaces were similar to normal ones.
the maximum abduction degree of digital web-spaces was 40-60 degrees.
there was no scar contracture of incision of palm.
the shape of flaps and function of the fingers were satisfactory after 6-12 months of follow-up.
conclusion : it is an ideal method to treat scar contracture of digital web-spaces with distal palm perforator mini-flap.
objective : the human amniotic epithelial cells ( haecs ) are a recently identified new type of stem cells.
it has previously been shown that haecs express hepatocyte-related gene and possess intracellular features and functional properties of hepatocytes.
the haecs may be a candidate seed cell for liver regeneration.
results : no tumor tissue was found in liver and spleen of @number@ groups , and he staining showed no tumor cells.
it will be beneficial to further identify their biological characteristics.
the microtubule associated protein tau promotes neuronal survival through binding and stabilization of mts.
phosphorylation regulates tau-microtubule interactions and hyperphosphorylation contributes to the aberrant formation of insoluble tau aggregates in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and related tauopathies.
however , other pathogenic post-translational tau modifications have not been well characterized.
here we demonstrate that tau acetylation inhibits tau function via impaired tau-microtubule interactions and promotes pathological tau aggregation.
mass spectrometry analysis identified specific lysine residues , including lysine @number@ ( k280 ) within the microtubule-binding motif as the major sites of tau acetylation.
thus , tau k280 acetylation in our studies was only detected in diseased tissue , suggesting it may have a role in pathological tau transformation.
this study suggests that tau k280 acetylation is a potential target for drug discovery and biomarker development for ad and related tauopathies.
depression is recognized as a predictor of increased cardiac morbidity and mortality.
the purpose of this study was to determine the early and late-onset expression of various vascular markers in a rodent model of depression.
depressive-like behavior was evaluated by using motivational and self-care behavior , including the assessment of the animal's coat state and grooming behavior.
objective : to identify the components of the neuroticism trait most responsible for its association with cognitive decline and dementia in old age.
design : longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort study.
setting : chicago metropolitan area.
results : during follow-up , @number@ individuals developed ad.
no component of neuroticism was related to the neuropathologic lesions most commonly associated with late-life dementia.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on the cvemp and on the sternocleidomastoid muscle emg level.
the cvemp amplitude increased as a function of emg target level for each age group.
aging is the best-known risk factor for many disorders , including neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive drug , which is emerging as a protective agent against ad progression and in aging associated deficits.
this occurs mainly through the blockade of adenosine a2a receptors , whose expression and function become aberrant throughout aging and in age-related pathologies.
here , we discuss the data supporting the effects of caffeine in ad , focusing on adenosine a2a receptors and epigenetic modulation of gene expression.
the increased risk may potentially be attributed to a negative impact of preterm birth on nephron endowment.
similar glomerular abnormalities have been described in autopsied preterm infants.
a questionnaire was given to women attending a specialist menopause clinic ; @number@ women responded.
skin problems generally were common , with over @percent@ of respondents reporting past problems.
around half felt that the menopause had resulted in skin changes ; dry skin was the predominant complaint at this stage.
however , use of hrt in the short term did not result in any conclusive trends in skin condition in the majority of users.
dna methylation plays an important role in the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and in the commitment to the lymphoid or myeloid lineages.
our results thus provide detailed insight into the methylation dynamics during differentiation and suggest that epigenetic changes contribute to hematopoietic progenitor cell aging.
method : data come from the @number@ and @number@ waves of the health and retirement study ( n = @number@ ) .
job strain was unrelated to either moderate or heavy drinking.
these associations did not vary by gender or age.
discussion : job strain is associated with elevated depressive symptoms among older workers.
in contrast to results from investigations of younger workers , job strain was unrelated to alcohol misuse.
these findings can inform the development and implementation of workplace health promotion programs that reflect the mental health needs of the aging workforce.
we conclude that trisomy @number@ affects cortical structures more than central gray matter emphasizing the differential impairment of brain development.
despite concomitant alzheimer-like pathology , the neurodegenerative outcome in a ds brain deviates from common alzheimer disease.
purpose : continuity and discontinuity are controversial concepts in social theories on aging.
forty individual semi-structured interviews were conducted , tape-recorded , and transcribed verbatim.
results : a continuity-discontinuity continuum and a value-attribution pole emerged from data analysis.
continuity was experienced as the exception and discontinuity as the rule.
practical implications are suggested.
at present , surgery remains the preferred therapeutic choice.
however , it's worth noting that arrhythmia is a common complication during the perioperative period.
methods : we retrospectively analyzed @number@ patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumectomy in chinese pla general hospital from @date@ to @date@ .
chi-square and logistic regression were performed to analyze the clinical data.
results : among @number@ elderly patients with lung cancer , @number@ cases occurred perioperative arrhythmias.
the occurrence rate was @percent@.
conclusions : more attention should be paid to prevent perioperative arrhythmia in the elderly lung cancer patients.
glycosaminoglycans ( gags ) and proteoglycans ( pgs ) are involved in various structural functions and physiological regulations in the skin.
versican stain was increased in male aged skin , but not in female.
in addition , ur-13756 is an effective p38 inhibitor at @number@ μm in werner syndrome cells , as shown by immunoblot.
results & discussion : microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of vx-745.
conclusion : this method delivers the p38 inhibitor vx-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in werner syndrome.
molecular genetic research has provided some evidence for the association between depression and metabolic disorders.
the @number@ twins were comprised of @number@ mz pairs , @number@ mz singletons , @number@ dz pairs and @number@ unpaired twins.
depression was defined as a score below @number@ on the short form-36 mental component summary score.
diabetes was defined by self report , use of anti-diabetic medications and insulin.
twin models were fit to estimate the correlation of genetic and environmental contributions to depression and diabetes.
consistent with other studies these data support the association between depression and diabetes ( or = @number@ 95%ci : @number@.1-2.7 ) .
overall there is little evidence that common genetic and environmental factors account for the co-occurrence of depression and diabetes in middle aged men.
further research in female twins and larger cohorts is warranted.
the evidence for the use of st as a countermeasure of abdominal obesity is less convincing.
however , there is more consistent evidence for the effectiveness of st in reducing triglyceride levels.
this finding could have clinical significance , given that elevated triglyceride is one of the five criterion measures for the diagnosis of the mets.
small to moderate reductions in resting and exercise blood pressure have been reported with some indication that this effect may be genotype dependent.
st improves or reverses some of the adverse effects of fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis , particularly pain , inflammation , muscle weakness and fatigue.
investigations are needed to determine how these effects compare with those elicited from aerobic exercise training and / or standard treatments.
some indicators of cognitive function may also improve with st.
the populus species possess great potential for therapeutical applications , especially for their known anti-inflammatory properties.
here is reported the characterization of the antioxidant properties of an aqueous poplar bud ( populus nigra ) extract.
it presented a high total phenolic content , and moderate antioxidant properties as determined by orac assay.
the main phenolic compounds identified were phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycons.
thanks to their high antioxidant activity , caffeic and p-coumaric acids were identified as the major antioxidant components.
representing only @percent@ of its dry weight , these compounds represented together about @percent@ of the total antioxidant activity of the extract.
among the detected genes , poplar bud extract significantly regulated genes involved in antioxidant defenses , inflammatory response and cell renewal.
the collective antioxidant properties and transcriptional effect of this extract suggest potential antiaging properties which could be utilized in cosmetic and nutraceutical formulations.
falls in the elderly are common and often serious.
older adults often take numerous medications for multiple chronic conditions , so they have an increased risk for drugs that potentially cause falls.
we studied the association between psychotropic drugs and falls in residential care people in order to identify medications that may increase the falls risk.
a prospective case control study was performed in the nursing home of local health care.
we assessed the incidence of patient falls during admission in nursing home in @number@ and @number@
( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ; p = @number@ ) .
this work reinforces the importance of routine medication reviews , especially in elderly exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy regimens that include antipsychotic drugs.
background : the aging of the nursing workforce is a phenomenon that several industrialized countries has been facing for at least a decade.
methods : a deterministic mathematical model has been developed in order to obtain aging projections for the nursing workforce from @number@ until @number@
nurses aged over @number@ represent @percent@ of the workforce at both th.
conclusions / implications for management and research.
in this study , we aimed to identify brain areas normally involved in its control.
imagined walking time ( iwt ) was measured as a control of behavioral performance during fmri.
results : the group mean iwt was not significantly different from the actual walking time measured during a training session prior to the fmri study.
these results show that brisk walking might be a non automatic locomotor activity requiring a high-level supraspinal control.
in the normal brain , age is associated with changes in gene expression.
age is also a prominent risk factor for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , where clinical features are similar to age-related decreases in cognitive performance.
we hypothesized that some age-related changes in gene expression are accelerated in ad patients.
our results demonstrate that the age-related changes in gene expression are manifested earlier in ad.
these observations suggest that coordinated transcriptional changes associated with ageing and calcium homeostasis in the human brain are accelerated in patients with ad.
in this paper , we report us national incidence rates for dementia and cind.
methods : participants in the aging , demographic , and memory study ( adams ) were evaluated for cognitive impairment using a comprehensive in-home assessment.
an expert consensus panel assigned a diagnosis of normal cognition , cind , or dementia and its subtypes.
we also estimated the incidence of progression from cind to dementia.
the incidence of cind was @number@ ( se , @number@ ) cases per @number@ person-years.
an estimated @number@ ( se , @number@ ) individuals per @number@ person-years progressed from cind to dementia.
over this same period , almost @number@ million individuals developed incident cind.
background : recent attention has focused on the negative effects of chemotherapy on the cognitive performance of cancer survivors.
results : comt-val + carriers performed more poorly on tests of attention , verbal fluency , and motor speed relative to comt-met homozygotes.
this research is important because it strives to understand the factors that predispose some cancer survivors to more negative quality-of-life outcomes.
free flap reconstruction of complex defects has revolutionized cancer and trauma treatment and offers a reliable and efficient method for reconstructing tissue defects.
this study was a retrospective review of the medical records of @number@ consecutive patients who underwent free flap reconstructions.
we analyzed the free flap types and donor site , flap , and postoperative systemic complications.
statistical analyses were performed to determine the influence of age on complication rate.
pure alexia is an acquired reading disorder in which previously literate adults adopt a letter-by-letter processing strategy.
furthermore , it was observed that the aoa effect is much greater for g.j. than for age-matched control participants.
this indicates that patients with pure alexia rely heavily on intact top-down information , supporting the interactive activation model of reading.
by contrast , only the emotional regulation and humor components of the saws were consistently positively associated with those subscales.
results suggest that subjective memory is influenced by aspects of psychological well-being but is unrelated to objective memory in older african americans.
the present study compared how varying task priorities affected young and older adults ' language production.
both young and older adults responded to monetary incentives to vary their performance when simultaneously talking and tracking a pursuit rotor.
tracking performance improved when they were rewarded for tracking and declined when they were rewarded for talking.
both young and older adults also spoke more slowly when rewarded for tracking and more rapidly when rewarded for talking.
young produced less complex sentences when rewarded for tracking and produced more complex sentences when rewarded for talking.
however , older adults did not vary their grammatical complexity as a function of monetary incentives.
these results are consistent with prior studies suggesting that older adults use a simplified speech register in response to dual-task demands.
the two scores were uncorrelated in the young but significantly correlated in the older group.
overall , the mapit appeared to yield reliable measures of two aspects of inhibition that demonstrate a differential impact of age.
the primary objective of this study was to provide supplementary normative data on aging and cognition from an ongoing community-based study.
the authors employed a battery of @number@ widely utilized clinical cognitive tests.
more highly educated and younger participants exhibited better performance on cognitive tests.
education was not significantly associated with every cognitive outcome , nor was age cohort membership.
results are discussed in relation to this study's value with respect to determining cognitive impairment in individuals free from probable dementia or stroke.
both scales predicted equally well pwb and forgiveness in predicted directions.
implications for future use of both scales are discussed.
because the ivd is avascular , these cells rely on passive diffusion of nutrients to survive.
it is thought that this transition in cell phenotype causes the shift of the ivd's physical properties , which impede the flow of nutrients.
our computational model of the ivd illustrates its ability to simulate the evolving chemical and mechanical environments occurring during the early ageing process.
however , whether age-related reductions in asymmetry of hemispheric activations affect the symmetry of motor behavior in older adults remains largely untested.
naïve performance with one arm and the same-arm performance following opposite arm adaptation were compared to determine the extent of transfer in each age group.
a standardized method for assessing the physical fitness of elderly adults has not yet been established.
the age of the participants at the beginning of this study ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
the physical fitness tests consisted of @number@ items to measure balance , agility , flexibility , muscle strength , and endurance.
we developed an equation to assess individual fas values using the first principal component derived from principal component analysis.
individual fas was predicted from these five fitness markers using a principal component model.
individual fas showed high longitudinal stability for age-related changes.
the scottish mental surveys of @number@ and @number@ tested the intelligence of almost all school children at age @number@
similar models were constructed to test the effect of hypertension on wmh and lifelong cognitive change.
fluid intelligence scores were lower and wmh scores were higher in the older samples.
hypertensive participants in both samples had more wmh than normotensive participants.
the positive influence of childhood intelligence on ' g ' was greater in the younger sample.
the negative effect of wmh on ' g ' was linear and greater in the older sample due to greater wmh burden.
the negative effect of hypertension on lifelong cognitive ageing was all mediated via mri-derived brain wmh.
the positive relationship between childhood and late-life intelligence decreases with age.
the negative relationship between wmh and late-life intelligence is linear and increases with age.
an analysis of serum testosterone seems to be essential.
aims / hypothesis : mitochondrial respiration has been linked to insulin resistance.
we studied mitochondrial respiratory capacity and substrate sensitivity in patients with type @number@ diabetes ( patients ) , and obese and lean control participants.
methods : mitochondrial respiration was measured in permeabilised muscle fibres by respirometry.
protocols for respirometry included titration of substrates for complex i ( glutamate ) , complex ii ( succinate ) and both ( octanoyl-carnitine ) .
insulin sensitivity was determined with the clamp technique.
results : insulin sensitivity was different ( p < @number@ ) between the groups ( patients < obese controls < lean controls ) .
mnsod was lower in patients than in lean controls.
mitochondrial content ( citrate synthase ) was higher ( p < @number@ ) in lean controls than in patients and obese controls.
when normalised for mitochondrial content by citrate synthase , mitochondrial respiratory capacity was similar in all groups.
substrate sensitivity for octanoyl-carnitine did not differ between groups.
conclusions / interpretation : increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity is seen in skeletal muscle from type @number@ diabetic patients and is confined to non-lipid substrates.
respiratory capacity per mitochondrion is not decreased with insulin resistance.
anyway , these individuals seem to have a reduced susceptibility to dementia , as well as to cardiovascular events.
no significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the three groups studied.
how do mammalian tissues and organs develop , maintain their architecture , become subverted in disease , and decline with age ?
how did single-celled organisms coalesce to produce many-celled forms that evolved and diversified into the varied multicellular organisms in existence today ?
we explore how the abstraction of communication theory as an organising principle for multicellular biology could be realised.
we highlight the inherent ability of communication theory to be blind to molecular and / or genetic mechanisms.
we describe selected applications that analyse the physics of communication and use energy efficiency as a central tenet.
we report the first functional analysis of a mj / ron protein by disrupting ron8 in t. gondii.
the remaining junction components frequently drag in trails behind invading knockout parasites and illustrate a malformed complex without ron8.
complementation of δron8 parasites restores invasion and reveals a processing event at the ron8 c-terminus.
aim : chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is a very common condition seen usually in the later stages of life.
the goal of this study was to determine whether there is any influence of patient's sexual gender on occurrence of that hematoma.
methods : the study was carried out on @number@ consecutive adult patients ( 40-93-year-old , main @number@ ) who underwent surgery for csdh.
the relationship between sex and occurrence was studied.
the csdh series appeared in the literature was also reviewed.
throughout the analysis , p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
the male to female ratio was 4 : 21.
conclusion : male preponderance in csdh provides valuable information about human cerebrum.
identification of this relationship may be useful to elucidate the origin and the pathogenesis of csdh.
this study aimed to determine national trends in prevalence , discharge disposition , length of stay , and cost of subdural hematoma over time.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : adult patients hospitalized in the united states between @number@ and @number@ identified in the nationwide inpatient sample.
participants : seven hundred twenty thousand , two hundred ninety-seven adult patients hospitalized in subdural hematoma.
interventions : none.
measurements and main results : discharge disposition , hospital length of stay , and national cost ( adjusted to @number@ dollars ) were examined.
national cost increased from $ 1.0 to $ 1.6 billion ( p < @number@ ) .
neurosurgical intervention for subdural hematoma decreased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
subdural hematoma evacuation was associated with decreased mortality but did not significantly protect against poor discharge disposition and was associated with significantly higher cost.
conclusions : the prevalence and total cost for subdural hematoma has increased significantly in the last decade nationwide.
health resource consumption for subdural hematoma is increasing without clear evidence that management practices are leading to improved outcomes.
background : employer-based retiree drug benefits have long been viewed as the gold standard of drug coverage for elderly medicare beneficiaries.
the question for policy makers is whether beneficiaries enrolled in part d plans exhibit drug utilization patterns comparable with those seen in retiree plans.
adjusted comparisons were made on samples ( n = 16 , 859 each ) using propensity score matching.
results : drug utilization and adherence rates were high in both groups.
there were no clinically meaningful differences between pdp and rhp enrollees in duration of therapy or medication possession ratio for any drug class.
this article examines recent worldwide esrd incidence trends as well as population dynamics for their implications on esrd treatment.
in developing countries , the population dynamics are similar , if not more dramatic.
heretofore , access to rrt in developing countries has been limited due to economic limitations.
in developing countries , esrd incidence will increase to the extent that economic development allows.
we review recent findings that suggest that in some people with diabetic ckd there is an uncoupling of progressive increases in aer and declining gfr.
summary : the conventional paradigm of kidney disease in people with diabetes has been challenged.
changes in aer and gfr are being increasingly recognized as complementary rather than obligatory manifestations of diabetic ckd.
objective : assess the association between depressive symptoms ( not meeting the criteria for major depression ) and gait dysfunction in older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : einstein aging study , a community-based longitudinal aging study.
participants : six hundred ten nondemented and nondepressed community-residing adults age @number@ and older.
measurements : depressive symptoms measured using the 15-item geriatric depression scale.
results : increased level of depressive symptoms was associated with worse velocity , stride , and swing time variability.
the relationship of the remaining five gait variables with depressive symptoms was not significant in the fully adjusted models.
conclusions : higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with worse performance in specific quantitative gait variables in community-residing older adults.
objective : to identify clinical and demographic factors predictive of midurethral sling failure.
logistic regression models adjusting for sling type and clinical site were used to predict odds of overall treatment failure after univariable analysis.
models were also fit to compare factors associated with objective failure and subjective failure only.
having concomitant surgery ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) was predictive of subjective failure only rather than objective failure.
associations of risk factors and failure were similar independent of sling type ( retropubic or transobturator ) .
conclusion : twelve months after surgery , risk factors for overall and objective treatment failure were similar in women undergoing retropubic and transobturator sling procedures.
this information may assist in counseling patients regarding efficacy of sling procedures and in setting expectations for women at increased odds for treatment failure.
clinical trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , www.clinicaltrials.gov , nct00325039.
level of evidence : ii.
objective : to generate estimates of the association between markers of ovarian aging and natural fertility in a community sample at risk for ovarian aging.
subsequently , these women kept a diary to record menstrual bleeding and intercourse and conducted standardized pregnancy testing for up to @number@ months.
diary data on menstrual cycle day and patterns of intercourse were used to calculate day-specific fecundability ratios.
results : sixty-three percent of participants conceived within @number@ months.
conclusion : early-follicular phase antimüllerian hormone appears to be associated with natural fertility in the general population.
level of evidence : ii.
amiodarone , which has been used since @number@ as an antiarrhythmic drug , gives rise to a variety of cardiac and extracardiac adverse side-effects.
we encountered a 67-year-old white male patient with suspected amiodarone pneumonitis characterized by multiple lung nodules associated with pleural and pericardial effusion and peripheral neuropathy.
deficits in cholinergic function have been postulated to cause delirium and cognitive decline.
in particular , an imbalance between levels of acetylcholine and monoamine ( such as dopamine ) may cause delirium.
we describe two cases of delirium in hospitalized older patients , supporting the \ "cholinergic deficiency hypothesis \ ".
these symptoms disappeared completely on the following day.
these two \ "natural \ " experiments support the hypothesis that both hypo-reactive and hyper-active delirium may be caused by a reduction in cholinergic signaling.
maas enrollees also received the sf-36 at both time points.
more recently , chair rise performance has been assessed in younger populations as a baseline for assessment of subsequent age-related declines in function and power.
the time taken to rise from a chair @number@ times and standing balance time were assessed during home visits at the same age.
better standing balance performance was associated with better chair rise performance in men , but not women.
this has implications for longitudinal studies which want to study age-related decline in chair rise performance.
background and aims : knowledge about health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) in advanced age is sparse.
this study investigated to what extent mobility factors explained older people's hrqol when age , gender and functional ability ( adl ) were controlled for.
methods : subjects were @number@ people aged 60-96 participating in a swedish longitudinal multi-center cohort study.
results : in the models containing the control variables , functional ability was found to be associated with both physical and mental hrqol.
in the models including both functional ability and mobility factors , the importance of functional ability remained for mental but not for physical hrqol.
the mobility factors were found to have a stronger negative influence on hrqol , i.e. , physical and mental , than functional ability in itself.
thus , it is important that healthcare professionals should focus activities toward maintaining older people's mobility as a means of enhancing their hrqol.
we also aimed to assess whether dual task conditions have an added value over single tasks for fall prediction.
step initiation , preparatory and swing phases , and foot-contact time were extracted from data on center of pressure and ground reaction force.
one-year fall incidences were monitored.
recurrent fallers had significantly slower voluntary step execution times in both single- and dual-task conditions , especially due to a slower preparation phase.
background : subcortical ischemic vascular dementia ( sivd ) represents an important subgroup of vascular dementia.
besides characteristic cognitive deficits , particular emotional problems support the diagnosis.
emotional disturbances in sivd are not well understood.
method : we studied the performance of sivd patients , healthy young control persons and old control persons in an emotional word list learning task.
results : sivd patients showed lower memory performance than both control groups for neutral as well as for negative words.
however , we found a significant emotional memory advantage for negative words in all @number@ diagnostic groups.
conclusion : sivd patients are able to profit from emotional information in order to enhance their memory performance.
however , exploiting such a cumbersome tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment could provide tumor-specific therapeutic approaches.
therefore , we should focus on the drug discovery for targeting the tumor microenvironment to develop tumor-specific cytostatic agents including angiogenesis inhibitors.
in this paper , the development of hypoxia-selective prodrugs , hif-1 inhibitors , and modulators of the tumor microenvironment will be discussed.
thus the possible association of itp should be considered when encountering a patient with fs.
this patient suggests that there may be a certain infectious agent causing uri , leading to the co-occurrence of fs and itp.
mrc cfas is a population-representative study of aging and health including more than @number@ participants at baseline.
more than @number@ brain donations were accrued to date and have been subjected to comprehensive pathological assessment.
this resource enables a thorough epidemiological description of the neuropathology associated with dementia in the uk.
this dissociation between pathology and dementia increases with increasing age.
further studies have described the distribution and etiology of neurodegenerative disease in the population , and determined pathological correlates of cognitive impairment and dementia.
some hypothesize that aging in humans is a cumulative process of macromolecular and mitochondrial damage starting years , even decades before any symptoms arise.
aging may begin when the rate of damage exceeds the rate of continual repair and turnover.
quality control for damaged mitochondria entails cellular digestion by mitophagy , a specialized kind of autophagy.
insufficient protective autophagy could cause damaged cellular components to accumulate over many years until they affect normal function in the cell.
alternatively , aging could be the result of overactive , pathologic autophagy.
current knowledge supports both hypotheses with conflicting data , depending on which stage of autophagy is examined.
to distinguish these opposite hypotheses , two criteria need to be observed.
first , is there a buildup of undigested waste that can be removed by stimulation of autophagy ?
or second , if autophagy is overactive , does inhibition of autophagy rescue cell , organ and organism demise.
both of these are best determined by rate measures rather than measures at a single time point.
in two mouse models , treatment with rapamycin abolishes the ad pathology and reverses memory deficits.
retrospective and prospective epidemiologic studies suggest that enhanced coffee / caffeine intake during aging reduces risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
ad is characterized by early cognitive deficits , particularly in short-term memory , followed by a gradual decline in other cognitive functions.
functional imaging studies indicate that hippocampal and medial temporal lobe cortices are the sites of early pathology underlying the initial memory impairments.
behaviors that rely on hippocampal integrity have been the focus of extensive research using animal models and represent useful functional endpoints in pre-clinical ad research.
in this review , we argue that relevant information can be derived from studying normal , aging animals performing hippocampal-sensitive tasks.
a new arterial distensibility measurement technique was assessed in @number@ healthy normotensive subjects.
arterial transmural pressures on the whole right arm were reduced with a @number@ cm long cuff inflated to @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ mmhg.
the electrocardiogram , and finger and ear photoplethysmograms were recorded simultaneously.
arm pulse propagation time , pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) and arterial volume distensibility were determined.
these changes were more than double than those without cuff pressure.
unrestricted cellular proliferation and decreased sensitivity to apoptotic-inducing agents are typically associated with activation of these pro-survival pathways.
this review discusses the functions these pathways have in normal and neoplastic tissue growth and how they contribute to resistance to apoptotic stimuli.
crosstalk and commonly identified mutations that occur within these pathways that contribute to abnormal activation and cancer growth will also be addressed.
finally the recently described roles of these pathways in cancer stem cells , cellular senescence and aging will be evaluated.
controlling the expression of these pathways could ameliorate human health.
objective : there is mounting evidence for the contribution of apoe to the pathophysiology of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
studies also indicate that plasma apoe levels may reflect disease status , suggesting that apoe is a potential ad biomarker.
however , while some studies of apoe levels in plasma have presented correlations with ad pathology , others have not.
thus , there is a lack of consensus as to the suitability of plasma apoe as an ad biomarker.
apoe levels were significantly lower among ε4 homozygous individuals.
in apoe ε3 / ε4 heterozygote carriers , apoe4 levels decrease , indicating that apoe3 levels increase with disease.
conclusion : analysis of cross-sectional data from the aibl study indicates that plasma apoe levels are altered in ad and correlate with ad pathology level.
the significance of these findings will be determined in the aibl longitudinal study of aging.
methods : we used data from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( n = @number@ ) .
data were analyzed using linear mixed models.
results : we found differential associations for different negative life events with cognitive decline none of which were mediated by depressive symptoms.
methods : we conducted a prospective , randomized controlled trial with @number@ participants aged @number@ years and older.
participants were assessed at baseline , @number@ months , and @number@ months.
random-effects modeling controlled for baseline stage of change for all behaviors of interest in all groups.
realage participants showed significantly decreased waist circumference at @number@ and @number@ months ( p = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : coach participants were twice as likely to use the coach intervention as realage participants were to use the realage intervention.
coach participants experienced twice the number of positive outcomes that control participants experienced.
this study examined whether age-related differences in cognition influence later memory for irrelevant , or distracting , information.
in experiments @number@ and @number@ older adults had greater implicit memory for irrelevant information than younger adults did.
trophic factor receptor occupancy was calculated to evaluate the potential biological effectiveness of the differences in trophic factor concentrations.
retina-preserving activity of the collected cm was evaluated using an in vitro model of degenerating porcine retina.
isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification ( itraq ) was used to identify additional proteins with a potential effect on porcine retinal survival.
results : the overall trophic factor secretion profile of cultured fetal rpe cells remained stable over multiple passages and extended culture duration.
co-culture of fetal rpe and porcine retina was significantly better than fetal rpe-cm at preserving porcine retinal survival.
combined with trophic factor receptor occupancy calculations , these data implicate vegf-a and pedf as key rpe-derived factors promoting preservation of retinal structure and function.
methods : in the sod1 total knockout ( sod1-deficient ) mice , the level of superoxide anion was measured using dihydroethidium.
the number of rgcs was counted in both the retinal sections and the flat-mount retinas after retrograde labeling.
thickness of nerve fiber layer ( nfl ) was measured in the sections , and the amount of neurofilament protein was measured by immunoblot analysis.
pattern electroretinogram ( erg ) , which reflects the function of retinal ganglion cells , dark-adapted erg , and cone erg were performed.
the intraocular pressure ( iop ) was measured with an induction-impact tonometer.
results : the level of superoxide anion in the rgc layer was significantly higher in 24-week-old sod1-deficient mice than in wild-type mice.
the rgc number was significantly reduced in 24-week-old sod1-deficient mice , although they were not in 8-week-old mice.
the nfl thickness and neurofilament protein were reduced in 24-week-old sod1-deficient mice.
the amplitude of pattern erg was significantly reduced , although dark-adapted and cone ergs showed no impairment , in 24-week-old sod1-deficient mice.
the iop level was not changed in the sod1-deficient mice.
the serum level of sod1 , but not sod2 , was significantly lower in the ntg patients than in the healthy controls.
conclusions : sod1 deficiency causes rgc vulnerability , which may be involved in the underlying condition of ntg.
the aim of this study was to determine the association of hormone levels with the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain.
men ages @number@ to @number@ years were recruited from population registers in @number@ european centres.
subjects were asked to complete a postal questionnaire , which enquired about lifestyle and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain over the past month.
a total of @number@ men had complete data on pain status.
t and e2 were not associated with musculoskeletal pain , whereas significant differences in lh and fsh levels were found between pain groups.
after adjustment for age and other possible confounders , the association between pain status and both lh and fsh persisted.
similar results were found for fsh.
gonadotrophins , but not sex steroid hormone levels , are associated with musculoskeletal pain in men.
here we recorded saccade performance in @number@ patients with pd and @number@ age-matched controls , and studied how the abnormality changed with disease progression.
on the other hand , they were impaired in suppressing reflexive saccades ( saccades to cue ) .
all these changes deteriorated with disease progression.
we suggest that three major drives converging on sc determine the saccade abnormalities in pd.
the impaired suppression of reflexive saccades may be explained if the excessive inhibition of sc is \ "leaky. \ "
anterior capsule specimens were obtained by performing a @number@ mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and collecting the resulting disk of capsular tissue.
elasticity measurements of the capsule were performed with a laboratory-built afm system custom designed for force measurements of ophthalmic tissues.
the capsular specimens were probed with an afm cantilever tip to produce force-indentation curves for each specimen.
young's modulus was calculated from the force-indentation curves using the model of sneddon for a conical indenter.
young's modulus increased significantly with age in humans ( p = @number@ ) .
the age range of the monkey and baboon samples was not sufficient to justify an analysis of age dependence.
the capsule elasticity of young humans ( < 45 years ) was not statistically different from that of the monkey and baboon.
objectives : to test whether socio-economic status and disease burden influence blood pressure in older adults.
study design : longitudinal cohort study of community-resident people born in @number@ and assessed at mean ages of @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
methods : sitting and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( bp ) were measured at each wave of attendance.
socio-economic status was assessed by years of full-time education and occupational social class.
history of disease , medication use , smoking status and alcohol use were recorded.
deaths were ascertained prospectively by flagging from the general registrar's office , scotland.
results : in total , @number@ participants were assessed at wave @number@ @number@ at wave @number@ and @number@ at wave @number@
conclusions : socio-economic status had a persistent effect on bp in this cohort born in @number@
setting : department of clinical physiopathology , university of florence , and national institute of applied optics , cnr , florence , italy.
design : experimental study.
methods : three iols of each model with different dioptric powers ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ diopters ) were analyzed.
the colorimetric coordinates of the iols were calculated by measuring their transmission spectra using a microspectroscopy technique.
subsequently , a parameter ( δe ) that was proportional to the perceived color differences was defined.
the colorimetric analysis was performed using commission internationale de l'éclairage standards.
the minimum δe value was obtained for both blue light-filtering iols with middle-aged human lenses.
conclusions : of the analyzed iols had the same colorimetric performance of the human crystalline lens.
the @number@ blue light-filtering iols best reproduced yellowing of the human lens at @number@ to @number@ years of age.
financial disclosure : no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
we therefore hypothesised that the emotional stress of bereavement would suppress immune function , specifically neutrophil bactericidal activity , in older adults.
a between-subjects design was used to examine the effect of recent bereavement ( < 2 months ) on neutrophil function in elders.
participants were @number@ bereaved and @number@ age- and sex-matched non-bereaved controls all aged 65 + years.
neutrophil phagocytosis of escherichia coli ( e. coli ) and stimulated superoxide production were assessed.
cortisol and ( dheas ) levels were determined in serum to assess potential mechanisms.
depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by questionnaire.
further , the bereaved group had a significantly higher cortisol : dheas ratio compared to controls ( p = 0.03 ) .
there was no difference in neutrophil phagocytosis between the two groups.
the psychological questionnaire results showed that the bereaved had significantly greater depressive and anxiety symptoms than the non-bereaved.
the emotional stress of bereavement is associated with suppressed neutrophil superoxide production and with a raised cortisol : dheas ratio.
background : schizophrenia ( scz ) and bipolar disorder ( bd ) share some cognitive commonalities.
however , the role of associative learning , which is a cornerstone of human cognition mainly relying on hippocampus , has been under-investigated.
we assessed behavioral performance during associative learning in a group of scz , bd and healthy controls ( hc ) .
learning was assessed using an established object-location paired-associative learning paradigm.
subjects learned associations between nine equi-familiar common objects and locations in a nine-location grid.
performance data were analyzed in a repeated measures analysis of variance with time ( repeated ) and group as factors.
conclusions : our study showed that associative learning is impaired in both scz and bd , being potentially not affected by medication.
future studies should investigate the neural substrates of learning deficits in scz and bd , particularly focusing on hippocampus function and glutamatergic transmission.
previous studies have suggested the reaction of mg with free amino groups of proteins forming advanced glycation end products ( ages ) .
this results in the generation of free radicals which play an important role in pathophysiology of aging and diabetic complications.
mg also reacts with free amino group of nucleic acids resulting in the formation of dna-ages.
while the formation of nucleoside ages has been demonstrated previously , no extensive studies have been performed to assess the genotoxicity and immunogenicity of dna-ages.
in this study we report both the genotoxicity and immunogenicity of ages formed by mg-lys-cu ( 2 + ) system.
genotoxicity of the experimentally generated ages was confirmed by comet-assay.
spectroscopical analysis and melting temperature studies suggest structural perturbations in the dna as a result of modification.
this might be due to generation of single-stranded regions and destabilization of hydrogen bonds.
immunogenicity of native and mg-lys-cu ( 2 + ) -dna was probed in female rabbits.
the modified dna was highly immunogenic eliciting high titre immunogen specific antibodies , while the unmodified form was almost non-immunogenic.
the results show structural perturbations in mg-lys-cu ( 2 + ) -dna generating new epitopes that render the molecule immunogenic.
lower extremity surgical procedures in patients with werner's syndrome are uncommon , and for this reason they are rarely reported in the literature.
background : despite the high prevalence of rotator cuff disease in the aging adult population , the basic mechanisms initiating the disease are not known.
it is known that changes occur at both the bone and tendon after rotator cuff tears.
however , no study has focused on early or \ "pretear \ " rotator cuff disease states.
no differences were found between the two groups of patients with known rotator cuff disease.
the greater tuberosity cortex and greater tuberosity subcortex outcome measures were similar.
conclusion : bone mineral changes are present in the greater tuberosity of shoulders with rotator cuff disease both with and without full-thickness tears.
the finding of focal diminished bone mineral density of the greater tuberosity in the absence of rotator cuff tears warrants further investigation.
dementia disorders were defined according to standard criteria.
ticv and wmls were rated on computerized tomography.
smaller ticv increased the odds of dementia , alzheimer's disease , and vascular dementia in participants with wmls.
wmls were not associated with increased odds of dementia in those with the largest ticv.
the interaction term wmls ticv was also significant.
ticv did not modify the odds of dementia in those with the apolipoprotein e4 phenotype.
our results suggest that the impact of brain pathology on the risk of dementia is modified by premorbid brain size.
the current study examines the prevalence and correlates of homebound status aiming to elucidate the predictors and implications of being homebound.
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted.
homebound prevalence rates of @date@ @percent@ were found.
the study shows that homebound status is a prevalent problem in old-old israelis.
economic and socio-demographic resources , environment , and function play a role in determining the older person's homebound status.
implications for preventing homebound status and mitigating its impact with regards to the israeli context are discussed.
both disorders are clearly related to calcium homeostasis and are highly important in elderly patients due to their poor general prognosis and disabling consequences.
toll-like receptors ( tlrs ) are a family of innate immune system receptors that respond to pathogen-derived and tissue damage-related ligands.
in addition , tlrs are implicated in the regulation of behaviors including learning , memory and anxiety.
physical and emotional decline in older adults is a serious issue affecting not only quality of life but also susceptibility to injury.
non-pharmacological interventions addressing the needs of older adults are important for reducing medication burden and possible drug interactions.
mandibuloacral dysplasia type a ( mada ) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the lmna gene encoding a type lamins.
patients affected by mandibuloacral dysplasia type a suffer from partial lipodystrophy , skin abnormalities and accelerated aging.
typical of mandibuloacral dysplasia type a is also bone resorption at defined districts including terminal phalanges , mandible and clavicles.
differentiated osteoblasts showed proper production of bone mineral matrix until passage @number@ in culture , suggesting a good differentiation activity.
further , tgfbeta @number@ and osteoprotegerin expression were enhanced in mandibuloacral dysplasia type a osteoblasts while the rankl / osteoprotegerin ratio was diminished.
importantly , inhibition of tgfbeta @number@ by a neutralizing antibody abolished the effect of mandibuloacral dysplasia type a conditioned medium on osteoclast differentiation.
in this context , tgfbeta @number@ appears as a major player in the osteolytic process that affects mandibuloacral dysplasia type a patients.
multiple causes contribute to the prolonged reaction-times ( rt ) observed in elderly persons.
the involvement of antagonist muscle co-activation remains unclear.
here the mm.
rt was divided in pre-movement-time ( pmt , time for stimulus processing ) and movement-time ( mt , time for motor response completion ) .
during the mt-phase , antagonist muscle co-activation was similar for both groups.
it can be concluded that increased antagonist muscle co-activation in elderly persons occurs in an early phase , already before the start of the movement.
these findings provide further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of age-related slowing of human motor performance.
glutamatergic ampa receptors are of clinical significance in dementia because of their roles in mediating fast excitatory neurotransmission and other synaptic events relevant to cognition.
we found that glur2 immunoreactivity and mrna were up-regulated in sivd , but remained unchanged in mix.
furthermore , higher glur2 immunoreactivity was associated with milder cognitive impairment and lower concentrations of aβ42 peptide and phosphorylated tau.
tsa is a fermentation product of streptomyces originally used as an antifungal agent.
further investigation revealed that tsa can induce the activation of erk1 / 2 in the three non-cancer cells but not in the cancer cells.
the menopause transition is a dynamic process that begins with the first appearance of menstrual irregularity and ends with a woman's final menstrual period.
as ovarian follicle numbers dwindle , the axis enters a state of compensated failure.
in this state , elevated fsh is capable of maintaining relatively regular folliculogenesis and ovulation , but fertility is reduced.
eventually , this state of compensated failure cannot be sustained , and the ovary becomes unable to produce functioning follicles.
perhaps more important , the hormonal changes of the menopausal transition may be predictive of future disease risk.
this review will undertake an explanation of the current literature on this topic.
dna damage plays a major role in various pathophysiological conditions including carcinogenesis , aging , inflammation , diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
some of the most highly reactive aldehydes produced endogenously are 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal , malondialdehyde , acrolein , crotonaldehyde and methylglyoxal.
methods : subconfluent fibroblasts were cultured and divided into normal control group , astragaloside group , uva irradiation group and uva plus astragaloside group.
the cells were shammed or irradiated with @number@ j / cm ( @number@ ) of uva irradiation and treated with @number@ μg / ml astragaloside.
the aging condition was determined by histochemical staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) .
results : uva irradiation raised the proportion of sa-β-gal-positive cells in comparison with the normal control group ( p < 0.05 ) .
astragaloside treatment was shown to decrease the level of sa-β-gal compared with the uva group.
uva irradiation also up-regulated the mrna levels of mmp-1 and timp-1 ( p < 0.05 ) .
astragaloside decreased the mrna level of mmp-1 compared with the uva irradiation alone , while the timp-1 expression increased ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : astragaloside can protect the skin from uva irradiation.
the mechanism involved may be related with tgf secretion and decrease of collagen degradation.
background : psychophysical evidence indicates age-related decline over a broad range of auditory abilities.
thus , age-related deterioration in temporal processing abilities also may be expected.
at issue is whether the various dimensions of temporal processing decline at the same or at different rates across age.
purpose : to determine whether various temporal processes decline with aging and whether some are more resistant to the effects of aging than others.
study sample : a total of @number@ subjects in the age range from @number@ to @number@ yr participated in this research.
subjects were divided into six cross-sectional age groups.
there were @number@ subjects per age decade up to @number@ yr and @number@ subjects in the age group > 70 yr.
data collection and analysis : temporal processing was evaluated using gap detection , duration discrimination , modulation detection , and duration pattern.
results : individuals in the 20-30 and 30-40 yr groups performed significantly better in all the psychoacoustic measures in comparison to other age groups.
deterioration in temporal processing began after the fourth decade of life.
deterioration accelerated after @number@ yr of age.
conclusions : there is a systematic , age-related decline in temporal processing starting from the fourth decade of life.
objective : to study the relationship between the decline of age-related renal function and central arterial pressure ( cap ) in uygur healthy population.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy uygur inhabitants from hetian region , xinjiang province were enrolled.
they were divided into @number@ groups according to their ages.
results : cap and brachial arterial pressure tended to increase and renal function declined with age.
there were gender differences in renal function.
both ap and aix changed with age ( p < @number@ ) .
in each group , ap and aix increased even more significantly in females ( p < @number@ ) .
the average age of subjects with a high aix was @number@ y ± @number@ y.
and it was elder than that of those with a low aix ( @number@ y ± @number@ y , p = @number@ ) .
the renal function of those with a high aix was lower than those with a low aix [ ( @number@ ± @number@ ) ml.min.
( @number@ m ( @number@ ) ) ( @number@ ) ] vs ( @number@ ± @number@ ) ml.min.
( @number@ m ( @number@ ) ) ( @number@ ) , p = @number@ ] .
the levels of c-pp and ap were much higher in those with a high aix ( p = @number@ ) .
the results of multivariate analysis showed that egfr was negatively correlated with the level of aix ( p < @number@ ) .
and it had no relationship with the brachial artery pressure ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusion : central arterial pressure is associated with the decline of age-related renal function.
monitoring of cap may help to screen the high-risk patients in the elderly population.
this study provides rationales for new therapeutics of protecting the aging of kidneys.
objective : to investigate the macular retinal sensitivity and fixation stability rates in normal subjects of middle and old age by using the mp-1 microperimetry.
methods : this was a normal value test which enrolled @number@ healthy subjects aging from @number@ to @number@ years old.
it detected the retinal function of the central @number@ degrees of the macular by using the mp-1 microperimetry.
correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the age and retinal ms values.
conclusions : mp-1 microperimetry examination could be used to evaluate the macular retinal function.
objective : to investigate the association of orthostatic hypertension and hypotension with hypertensive target organ damage in middle and old-aged hypertensive patients.
all patients received a standardized questionnaire , physical and biochemical examinations , echocardiography , ankle-brachial blood pressure index and orthostatic blood pressure measurement.
when an upright posture was assumed.
others not belonging to these two conditions were classified into orthostatic normotension.
results : the prevalence of orthostatic hypertension and hypotension was @percent@ and @percent@ in hypertensive patients.
but no independent association was found between orthostatic hypertension or hypotension and a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients.
conclusion : hypertensive patients with orthostatic hypertension or hypotension may have an elevated risk of developing target organ damage.
one area of concern is the impact of trauma and post traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) in the aged.
although several reviews have highlighted the lack of knowledge and research on the topic , there still remain gaps in the literature.
nevertheless , some recent behavioral , endocrinological and neuroimaging studies may provide new insights into the discussion.
results : there exist both significant similarities and differences between adults and elderly with ptsd concerning cognitive and biological profile.
evidence suggests that ptsd in the elderly does not follow a simple clinical trajectory.
conclusions : ptsd in the elderly must be considered within the context of normal aging.
further research must integrate their studies with the biological , psychological , and social changes already associated with the aging process.
we estimated the use of various health care services by the groups while adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.
having depressive symptoms was positively associated with the use of inpatient services , outpatient physician services , and public health centers.
the odds of using health care services were larger among older people with both depressive symptoms and cmi than depressive symptoms only.
by studying the loci that contribute to human longevity , we aim to identify mechanisms that contribute to healthy aging.
this snp , rs2075650 , is located in tomm40 at chromosome 19q13.32 close to the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene.
as expected , rs429358 associated with metabolic phenotypes in the offspring of the nonagenarian cases from the lls and their partners.
in addition , we observed a novel association between this locus and serum levels of igf-1 in women ( p = 0.005 ) .
no other major longevity locus was found.
skin-derived precursors ( skps ) are embryonic neural crest- or somite-derived multipotent progenitor cells with properties of dermal stem cells.
here , we found that after separation from their physiological microenvironment , human foreskin-derived skps ( hskps ) quickly senesced and lost their self-renewal ability.
we observed a sharp decrease in akt activity during this process , suggesting a possible role of the pi3k-akt pathway in hskp maintenance in vitro.
blocking this pathway with several inhibitors inhibited hskp proliferation and sphere formation and increased hskp senescence.
data also implied that this effect was associated with altered actions of foxo3 and gsk-3β.
our results suggest an important role of the pi3k-akt pathway in the senescence and self-renewal of hskps.
adult stem cells are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis throughout life , yet the effects of age on their regenerative capacity are poorly understood.
all lymphoid and myeloid blood cell lineages are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells present in human bone marrow.
with age , significant changes in the function and composition of mature blood cells are observed.
in this study , we report that age-related changes also occur in the human hematopoietic stem cell compartment.
an age-related decrease in the capacity of cd34 ( + ) cells to generate myeloid cells was also seen in colony-forming assays in vitro.
thus , with increasing age , human hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells undergo quantitative changes as well as functional modifications.
methods : data were gathered using a mailed questionnaire comprising the mbi-hss and demographic information.
the sample consisted of @number@ staff delivering direct care and working in out-of-home community placements for persons with id in new york state.
the factorial structure of the scale was examined using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis.
internal consistency estimates of reliability of the mbi-hss were determined using cronbach's alpha.
results : confirmatory factor analysis supported the mbi-hss as an acceptable measure to evaluate burnout in id services staff.
conclusions : the use of the mbi-hhs as an instrument for measuring burnout among id workers has its attraction but also its limitations.
the population of elderly patients with von willebrand disease ( vwd ) is growing because of the improvement of medical care.
because of the lack of literature on older patients with vwd , we discuss different aspects related to ageing in those patients.
plasma levels of von willebrand factor and factor viii , bleeding symptoms , treatment requirements and comorbidities are possibly changing with age.
development of an evidence-based approach to the management of ageing vwd patients is therefore necessary.
background / aim : the phenomenon of ageing is so commonplace that it is ordinarily taken-for-granted , with little call to question its meaning.
of importance to occupational therapists is the recent appeal to understand older adults ' ordinary ways of everyday living.
methods : the writings of two philosophers , hans-georg gadamer and martin heidegger , guided the study's design and research methods.
being aged in the context of everyday living was the phenomenon of interest.
individual interviews were conducted with @number@ community-dwelling new zealand elders : four maori aged 71-93 years and @number@ non-maori aged 80-97 years.
stories of going about daily occupations and particular moments in the day were elicited during conversational-style interviews.
hermeneutic methods and phenomenological reflection were used to analyse the data.
results : two overarching notions were illuminated.
the ordinary ways of ' being in the every day' , such as having a routine and a familiar purposefulness , conceal being aged.
these results point to the importance of illuminating the lived experience of occupational engagement as a fruitful way of informing occupation-focussed practice.
we followed the evolution of each one by means of the administration on three occasions of an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests.
we have found a high percentage of mci in our sample.
although some of them were amnestic mcis , this group was not the most frequent.
the multi-domain mci is the one that evolves directly into ad , not the amnestic mcis.
we have found diverse evolutional trajectories over the past three years , some expected , others somewhat unexpected.
the p53 tumor suppressor serves to secure genetic stability of multicellular organisms.
it suppresses the accumulation of mutations in somatic cells and substantially decreases the probability of malignant diseases.
the p53 gene acts highly selectively through multiple mechanisms.
under relatively favorable conditions , p53 helps to maintain intracellular homeostasis by balancing anabolic and catabolic processes and by timely elimination of reactive oxygen species.
these functions of p53 facilitate maximal efficiency and survival of cells under conditions of physiological stresses.
the induced functions of p53 secure the timely elimination from the organism of damaged and potentially dangerous cells.
collectively , the functions of p53 contribute to the prevention of malignant and other diseases and decelerate the aging process.
background : sometimes it might not be possible to conduct a pharmacokinetic ( pk ) study in neonates and infants.
under these circumstances , one would like to predict pk parameters in this age group.
methods : in total , @number@ drugs ( @number@ observations ) were randomly selected for this study.
the age of the children ranged from @number@ to @number@ year.
children were divided into two groups : ≤3 months and ≥3 months to @number@ year.
by contrast , exponent @number@ provided better prediction for children ≥3 months to @number@ year than exponent @number@
however , exponent @number@ will underpredict drug clearance in children older than @number@ months.
the suggested approach could be used to support the choice of the initial dose in clinical trials for children ≤3 months old.
to dampen proteotoxic stresses and maintain protein homeostasis , organisms possess a stress-responsive molecular machinery that detects and neutralizes protein damage.
moreover , recent discoveries that hsf1 controls life span have prompted new ways of thinking about an old transcription factor.
the present study examined how younger and older adults choose to selectively remember important information.
participants studied words paired with point values , and \ "bet \ " on whether they could later recall each word.
participants ( especially older adults ) initially bet on more words than they later recalled , but greatly improved with task experience.
in contextual cuing , faster responses are made to repeated displays containing context-target associations than to novel displays without such covariances.
we report that healthy older adults showed learning impairments in contextual cuing when compared with younger adults.
these results suggest that older adults have intrinsic deficits in contextual cuing that cannot be attributed to their slower overall response speed.
we discourage use of cave for testing multivariate hypotheses about behavioral development.
the present meta-analysis integrates the results from @number@ empirical studies on differences between caregiving spouses , adult children , and children-in-law.
spouse caregivers report more depression symptoms , greater financial and physical burden , and lower levels of psychological well-being.
higher levels of psychological distress among spouses are explained mostly but not completely by higher levels of care provision.
this research examined longitudinal associations between caregiving stressors , caregiver depression , and quality of care.
in turn , increased caregiver depression and decreased caregiver respectful behavior predicted increases in potentially harmful behavior.
the maintenance of effects from home-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy ( cbt ) was examined.
posttreatment gains were maintained at follow-up.
both physical health and mental health were negatively associated with neuroticism and positively associated with extraversion and conscientiousness.
agreeableness and openness were associated with better subjective mental health and physical health , respectively.
ad as compared to na participants were impaired in all tests except the stroop test.
principal component analysis in young adults confirmed the modularity of attentional tasks , which was reduced in na and ad participants.
results : individual differences in changes in neurocognitive performance were strongly correlated with individual differences in changes in performance on the everyday tasks.
alternatively , changes in self-reports of everyday functions were only weakly correlated with changes in performance on the neurocognitive tests and the everyday tasks.
binding of cu2 + and zn2 + ions to α-crystallin leads to enhanced chaperone function.
sequestration of cu2 + by α-crystallin prevents metal-ion mediated oxidation.
documentation of wellness interventions and outcomes of these interventions presented ongoing challenges.
the omaha system was used as a documentation system to capture both interventions and client outcomes.
a retrospective chart analysis revealed that the most commonly reported problems were circulation and nutrition.
contemporary research suggests that the benefits of physical exercise , for both middle- and older-aged individuals , are undisputable.
cockayne is a segmental progeroid syndrome that has autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
it has a complex phenotype given by genetic heterogeneity.
cornea is the most important refractive medium of the eye and affects its total aberration state.
this paper deals with corneal higher order aberrations in healthy humans and evaluates their changes with aging and corneal curvature.
the influence of the corneal anterior and posterior surfaces on aberrations of the whole cornea was also investigated.
the examination was performed with a scheimpflug camera which enables to examine the anterior and posterior corneal surface separately.
the results show that higher order aberrations of the whole cornea are influenced mainly by the anterior surface aberrations.
the main corneal higher order aberration is the z ( @number@ ) spherical aberration which has a positive value and increases with age.
also , 3rd order aberration values are of importance , especially coma which also increases with age.
as a consequence , the root-mean-square of the 3rd and 4th order aberrations in elderly people has a higher value.
type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) is a disease of aging with indirect but detectable and cumulative neurological implications.
we systematically tested whether neurocognitive speed ( mean rate ) or inconsistency ( intraindividual variability ) was the more sensitive clinical marker of t2d.
the fourth question addressed relative two-wave longitudinal changes.
each of four speeded tasks produced intraindividual mean rate ( im ) and intraindividual standard deviation ( isd ) scores.
first , the t2d group performed more slowly than the controls.
second , this deficit extended to inconsistency , but less uniformly.
third , based on logistic regression analyses , im was the more effective predictor of t2d status.
fourth , we observed similar longitudinal change patterns for im and isd.
results are linked to the theoretical location of t2d on an adjusted neural vulnerability continuum.
we examine educational gradients in depression and identify underlying mechanisms of how education might affect depression.
we found cognitive ability , economic resources , social status , social network , and health behavior explain all of the education gradients.
education affects depression through different underlying mechanisms , and the single most important pathway is through developing cognitive ability.
through these pathways , educational attainment influences not only depression for an individual but also for one's spouse , particularly for women , and parents.
this includes simultaneous lower blepharoplasties and video-assisted transtemporal subperiosteal and sub-smas tissue release.
results : all patients healed uneventfully without any major postoperative problems.
the surgical outcome was evaluated according to the analysis of photographs obtained before and after surgery and the analysis of pre- and postoperative measurements.
the technique we used ( sum-lift ) achieved a significant rejuvenation of the midface and the malar festoons.
conclusion : subperiosteal vertical midface lift resuspends and redrapes the facial network that originates at the level of the orbital rim.
it is a reliable technique to improve malar mounds , palpebral bags , or festoons.
socioeconomic position ( sep ) across life is found to be related to adult physical performance , but the underlying pathways are not well characterized.
childhood and adulthood sep were positively related to standing balance and chair rise performance , but not to grip strength after basic adjustments.
these associations were maintained , albeit attenuated , after adjustment.
in contrast , the associations of own education and adult occupation with physical performance were generally not maintained after adjustment.
sep across life impacts on midlife physical performance , and thereby the ageing process.
the ageing of the population brings particular challenges to psychiatric practice.
suicide tends to increase with age in most countries.
we further present that management strategies need to be comprehensive , incorporating physical , social , pharmacological , and psychological treatments appropriate to each case.
we close with a call for the use of specialised multi-disciplinary services to improve the overall quality of care.
heart failure is an increasingly common disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the aging population.
recent advances in heart failure pharmacotherapy have established several agents as beneficial to disease progression and outcomes.
however , current consensus guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy may not represent an optimal treatment strategy in all heart failure patients.
some older patients develop symptoms of clinical heart failure after closure of an atrial septal defect ( asd ) .
echocardiographic evaluations were performed @number@ day before and @number@ days after asd closure.
before asd repair , early diastolic mitral annular velocity ( e' ) on lateral , an index of ventricular relaxation , showed an age-related decrease.
after closure , e ' decreased by similar amount in both groups ( p < @number@ ) .
thus , asd should be closed at a younger age before the development of age-related lv diastolic dysfunction.
thus beta-myrcene is used widely in cosmetics , soaps , and detergents and as a flavoring additive in food and beverages.
beta-myrcene is also the major constituent of hop and bay oils , which are used in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages.
genetic toxicology studies were conducted in salmonella typhimurium , escherichia coli , and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes.
additional groups of @number@ male and @number@ female special study rats were administered the same doses for @number@ days.
one @number@ g / kg female died during the last week of the study.
mean body weights were significantly decreased in male rats in the @number@ @number@ and @number@ g / kg groups.
special study rats in the @number@ g / kg groups died by the end of the first week.
dose-related clinical findings in animals that died early included thinness , lethargy , abnormal breathing , and ruffled fur.
right kidney and liver weights of dosed males and females were generally significantly greater than those of the vehicle controls.
at the end of the 3-month study , the incidences of renal tubule necrosis were significantly increased in all dosed groups of males and females.
the incidences of chronic inflammation in @number@ and @number@ g / kg males and females were significantly increased.
all @number@ g / kg males and females had splenic atrophy.
acute inflammation of the forestomach occurred in four @number@ g / kg females.
the incidences of porphyrin pigmentation in the harderian gland of males administered @number@ g / kg or greater were significantly increased.
the mean body weights of @number@ g / kg males were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls.
clinical findings in animals that did not survive to the end of the study included thinness , lethargy , and abnormal breathing.
no histopathology changes were observed in mice administered @number@ g / kg or less.
the @number@ and @number@ g / kg mice were not evaluated due to early deaths.
all @number@ g / kg male rats died before the end of the study due to renal toxicity.
the incidences of papillary mineralization in @number@ and @number@ g / kg males were significantly increased.
in male rats , the incidences of focal suppurative inflammation were significantly increased in the @number@ and @number@ g / kg groups.
a significantly increased incidence of chronic active inflammation of the nose occurred in @number@ g / kg males.
also in @number@ g / kg males , the incidence of chronic active inflammation of the forestomach was increased.
survival of @number@ g / kg mice was significantly less than that of the vehicle controls ; the cause of the deaths was uncertain.
the incidences of liver neoplasms were significantly increased in @number@ and / or @number@ g / kg males and @number@ g / kg females.
liver neoplasms included hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in males and females and hepatoblastoma in males.
the incidences of bone marrow atrophy and lymph node follicle atrophy in the spleen were significantly increased in @number@ g / kg females.
in the forestomach , there were significantly increased incidences of inflammation and epithelial hyperplasia in @number@ g / kg females.
genetic toxicology : beta-myrcene did not show evidence of genotoxicity in assays conducted by the ntp.
there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of beta-myrcene in female f344 / n rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule adenoma.
there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of beta-myrcene in female b6c3f1 mice based on marginally increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma.
synonyms : 2-methyl-6-methylene-2 , 7-octadiene ; 7-methyl-3-methylene-1 , 6-octadiene ; myrcene.
during skeletal development , osteoblasts produce large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and must therefore increase their secretory machinery to handle the deposition.
the accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum induces an adoptive mechanism called the unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
furthermore , we identify osterix ( osx , a transcription factor that is indispensible for bone formation ) as a target gene of xbp1.
the promoter region of the osx gene encodes two potential binding motifs for xbp1 , and we show that xbp1 binds to these regions.
thus , the ire1α-xbp1 pathway is involved in osteoblast differentiation through promoting osx transcription.
purpose of review : transplantation of the elderly often invokes strong and sometimes passionate arguments both in support and in opposition.
age alone has not been an absolute contraindication to a life-sustaining organ transplant for several decades.
a comprehensive evaluation of the risks associated with surgery and suppression of the immune system in this often comorbid population becomes the focus.
risk for the recipient , however , must continually be evaluated and frequently updated in the context of that for the donor.
the outcome of recipients receiving kidneys from living donors has demonstrated superior graft and patient survival compared to deceased donors.
careful monitoring of medication levels for prevention of rejection while avoiding over immunosuppression and infection is critical to ensure such benefit.
the expectations of both parties must be clearly stated and donor safety must remain the top priority.
living donors must be fully cognizant of the potential risk both in patient and graft survival prior to making such a life-changing decision to donate.
this review summarizes the recent insl3 literature published within the last 12-18 months.
recent findings : significant inroads have been made to understand how insl3 is working in testicular descent.
it also has other functions in the adult , for example in bone metabolism , extending its role as a largely gender-specific hormone.
advances in molecular pharmacology have increased our understanding of insl3 interaction with its specific receptor , rxfp2 , and delivered new high-affinity antagonists.
in women , insl3 is a paracrine factor within the ovary and probably placenta , in which it may have a fetal gender-specific role.
facial expression has been recognized as providing the most specific and sensitive nonverbal cues for pain.
this study examined the validity of facial expression components of @number@ widely used pain assessment scales developed for elders with dementia.
descriptions of the facial expression of pain vary widely on these scales.
participants ' facial expressions were videotaped during @number@ randomly ordered physical activities and coded by a qualified facial action coding system coder.
three 6-second clips indicative of mild , moderate , and severe pain intensities were selected for study for each participant.
discussion : facial expression items on observational scales for assessing pain in the elderly benefit from adherence to empirically derived descriptions.
those using the scales should receive specific direction concerning cues to be assessed.
observational scales that provide descriptors that correspond to how people actually display facial expressions of pain perform better at differentiating intensities of pain.
molecular misreading ( mm ) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins.
for example , when rna polymerase ii transcribes a gagag motif it synthesizes at low frequency rna with a two-base deletion.
if the deletion occurs in a coding region , translation will result in production of misframed proteins.
here cdna clones encoding wild-type hubb and the frame-shifted version hubb ( @number@ ) were expressed in transgenic drosophila using the doxycycline-regulated system.
over-expression of wild-type hubb , but not hubb ( @number@ ) , was toxic during fly development.
the data suggest that mm occurs in drosophila and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age.
mm of the ubiquitin gene can produce alternative ubiquitin gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.
the size and health of the neuronal cell population determines cognitive robustness in mammals.
a transgenic mouse model over-expressing bcl-2 has been shown to rescue neurons from naturally occurring cell death ( nocd ) .
over-expression of these mirnas increases the rate of apoptosis , accompanied by a decline in bcl-2 expression in mirna-transfected mouse and human cell lines.
rapamycin inhibits the mtor ( target of rapamycin ) pathway and extends lifespan in multiple species.
the tuberous sclerosis complex ( tsc ) protein is a negative regulator of mtor.
the duration of mtor treatment for segas might have to be prolonged , probably lifelong , because segas usually grow back after treatment is stopped.
these patients represent a unique opportunity to study the potential anti-aging properties of mtor inhibitors in humans.
background : declines in skeletal muscle mass and quality are important factors contributing to age-related weakness.
neural activation of agonist and antagonist muscles may also be important contributing factors.
it is possible that antagonist coactivation also plays a role in age-related weakness , though a definitive link has not been established.
conclusion : future research should focus on improving quantitative measurement and mechanistic understanding of impaired activation with aging.
high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) is a strong antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and antisenescence molecule.
similarly , glycated apoa-i ( ga-i ) by fructosylation has a covalently multimerized band without a crosslinker and impaired phospholipid-binding ability.
in conclusion , e-hdl and ga-i-rhdl share similar physiologic properties in macrophages and human dermal fibroblasts.
e-hdl and ga-i-rhdl exacerbated cellular senescence and atherosclerosis with increased cellular cholesterol influx.
at 2 ( @date@ ) wk of diet , one 60-min bout of bicycle exercise ( @percent@ of maximal oxygen uptake ) was performed.
muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the diet , immediately after exercise , and after 3-h recovery.
insulin sensitivity ( clamp ) and intramyocellular triacylglycerol content did not change with the intervention in either group.
indexes of mitochondrial density were similar across the groups and intervention.
however , in hfd this increase was abolished.
at recovery , no change from resting respiration was seen in either group.
with hfd complex i and iv protein expression decreased ( p < @number@ and p = @number@ respectively ) .
the effect of hfd is present even without effects on insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular lipid accumulation.
an isocaloric high-fat diet does not cause insulin resistance.
methods : systematic reviews of clinical trials , observational studies , case series , and review articles were conducted.
results : sixty publications ( @number@ clinical studies / reports and nine reviews ) published from @date@ to @date@ in pubmed met the inclusion criteria.
conclusions : pulmonary toxicity is a common long-term complication of exposure to certain anticancer therapies in childhood and can vary from subclinical to life threatening.
pulmonary function and associated loss of optimal exercise capacity may have adverse effects on long-term quality of life in survivors.
lung function diminishes as a function of normal aging , and the effects of early lung injury from cancer therapy may compound these changes.
background : women aged ≥65 are generally underrepresented in early breast cancer studies.
therefore , the optimal management of this group of women remains less certain.
results : surgery remains as the cornerstone treatment for early breast cancer in the elderly.
adjuvant radiation is generally considered if the projected lifespan is > 5 years.
hormone receptor-positive disease is best treated with adjuvant endocrine treatment ; aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen are both options.
evidence for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab for high-risk disease in the elderly is more limited.
polychemotherapy is still preferred in fit older women.
certain toxicities from systemic treatments can be more pronounced and should be carefully managed.
treatment with systemic agents should be individualized , with consideration of patient preference , performance status , comorbidities , and projected lifespan.
molecular tumor signatures may help better select patients for treatment in the future.
conclusions : age in itself should not be an absolute contraindication to any breast cancer therapy.
comprehensive , multidisciplinary assessment of elderly patients is imperative in evaluating eligibility for beneficial therapies.
among aging employees , sleep problems are prevalent , but they may have serious consequences that are poorly understood.
this study examined whether sleep problems are associated with subsequent disability retirement.
sleep problems were measured by the jenkins sleep questionnaire.
cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals for disability retirement.
health behaviors and obesity did not mediate the examined associations.
in conclusion , sleep problems are associated with subsequent disability retirement.
to prevent early exit from work , sleep problems among aging employees need to be addressed.
in many chronic diseases , the patient's health status is followed up by quantitative markers.
we propose a joint multistate model with latent state for the joint modeling of repeated measures of a quantitative marker , time-to-illness and time-to-death.
using data from the paquid cohort on cognitive aging , we jointly studied cognitive decline , dementia risk , and death risk.
background : prevention of disability is an important aim of healthcare for older persons.
selection of persons at risk is a first crucial step in this process.
design : the leiden 85-plus study ( 1997-2004 ) is an observational prospective cohort study with @number@ years of follow-up.
setting : general population of the city of leiden , the netherlands.
subjects : population based sample of @number@ participants aged @number@ years.
multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases at age @number@ years.
cognitive function was measured at baseline with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
conclusion : the predictive value of multimorbidity for the increase in adl disability varies with cognitive function in very old people.
in very old people with good cognitive function , multimorbidity predicts accelerated increase in adl disability.
this relation is absent in very old people with cognitive impairment.
this leads to storage of a modified spatial and temporal motor pattern that is expressed as an aftereffect in regular walking conditions.
because split-belt walking is a novel task for adults and children alike , we used it to investigate how motor adaptation matures during human development.
we also asked whether the immature pattern resembles that of people with cerebellar dysfunction , because we know that this adaptation depends on cerebellar integrity.
adaptation and de-adaptation rates were quantified separately for temporal and spatial parameters.
all healthy children and adults tested could learn the new timing at the same rate and showed significant aftereffects.
however , children younger than @number@ years old were unable to learn the new spatial coordination.
furthermore , children as old as age @number@ years old showed slower rates of adaptation and de-adaptation of spatial parameters of walking.
young children showed patterns similar to cerebellar patients , with greater deficits in spatial versus temporal adaptation.
the maturation of locomotor adaptation follows at least two time courses , which we propose is determined by the developmental state of the cerebellum.
objective : we prospectively examined the association between lead exposure and the development of electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities.
results were weaker for patella lead.
no associations were identified with blood lead.
objectives : this study investigated changes in left atrial ( la ) volumes and phasic atrial function , by deciles , with normal aging.
background : la volume increase is a sensitive independent marker for cardiovascular disease and adverse outcomes.
maximum ( end-ventricular systole ) , minimum ( end-ventricular diastole ) , and pre-a-wave volumes were measured using the biplane method of disks.
la filling , passive emptying , conduit and active emptying volumes , and fractions were calculated.
transmitral inflow , pulmonary vein flow , and pulsed-wave doppler tissue imaging parameters were measured as expressions of left ventricular diastolic function.
for purposes of analysis , subjects were divided by age deciles.
conclusions : in normal healthy subjects , la indexed volumes remain nearly stable until the eighth decade when they increase significantly.
therefore , an increase in la size that occurs before the eighth decade is likely to represent a pathological change.
changes in phasic atrial volumes develop earlier consequent to age-related alteration in lv diastolic relaxation.
the fourth leon thal symposium ( lts2010 ) was convened in toulouse , france , on @date@ .
this symposium reviewed design parameters that are necessary to develop comprehensive national databases on healthy aging.
genetic susceptibility is likely to play a role in response to air pollution.
we identified @number@ articles meeting our search criteria.
of these studies , most have focused on individual functional polymorphisms or individual candidate genes.
muscle represents a large fraction of the human body mass.
muscle is characterized by wide plasticity , i.e. capacity to adjust size and functional properties in response to endogenous and exogenous influences.
advantages and shortcomings of recent techniques for muscle proteome analysis are discussed.
the advantages as well as the limits of proteomics in view of the identification of new biomarkers are evaluated.
background : upper arm skin laxity is an important area of cosmetic concern.
recent studies using a noninvasive infrared device has demonstrated its efficacy in tightening skin in various body regions.
the use of this device in upper arm loose skin has not been investigated.
objectives : to determine the safety and efficacy of an infrared device to treat upper arm laxity in aged skin.
patients and methods : twenty women with mild to very loose aged upper arm skin underwent two treatments with an infrared device @number@ month apart.
nineteen patients completed the study with a 3-month follow-up.
two patients participated in histological evaluations.
results : the patient and investigator clinical assessments showed minimal improvement in skin laxity.
there was a statistically significant decrease in arm circumference.
blinded photographic assessments and spectrophotometric analysis revealed no statistical improvement in skin laxity.
the immediate post-treatment histological evaluations showed architectural disarray of dermal collagen and elastin.
conclusion : an infrared device is safe , well tolerated , and minimally effective in treating aged upper arm skin laxity.
objective : to examine the impact of out-migration on kenya's nursing workforce.
principle findings : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ percent of kenya's nursing workforce of @number@ nurses applied to out-migrate.
background : age-related changes in kidney structure and function have been well documented.
this study aimed to assess the relationship between declines of normal ageing-related kidney function and cardiac diastolic function in a healthy chinese population.
lower e / a was defined as measures under the 25th percentile of sample distribution ( 0·784 ) .
however , these associations were lost after full adjustment.
conclusions : our results confirm that ageing is a major factor contributing to declines in both kidney and cardiac diastolic function in a healthy population.
adjustment for covariates , however , showed that normal ageing-related declines in kidney function and cardiac diastolic function are not independently linked.
background : controversies exist regarding the association of androgenetic alopecia ( aga ) with insulin resistance.
are they truly associated , or is insulin resistance just related to aging , obesity , or to the presence of metabolic syndrome ?
objective : to assess insulin resistance in young nonobese patients with aga with and without metabolic syndrome.
insulin resistance based on fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) was assessed in all groups.
no significant differences existed between groups @number@ and @number@ or groups @number@ and @number@
correlations between insulin resistance parameters , age of patients , disease duration , and stages of aga in males and females revealed nonsignificant differences.
objective : to find out the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among elderly in the age-group of @number@ years and above.
results : all study subjects had at least one symptom related to psychiatric morbidity.
over two-third elderly were having somatic ( @percent@ ) and depression ( @percent@ ) related symptoms of anger - hostility , cognition and anxiety.
paranoid and psychotic symptoms were noticed among @percent@ and @percent@ of elderly , respectively.
anxiety , depression , somatic , cognitive symptoms were more prevalent in females while anger hostility was more common in males.
while the expected life-time increases dementias will show a pandemic nature.
author analyses the special medical and social concerns of severe states of alzheimer disease.
having introduced the epidemiologic , diagnostic data and forms of palliative therapies he concentrates on the hitherto unsolved problems of patients and caregivers.
he belongs to the experts identifying the alzheimer diseases as a forced aging process.
accepted the theory of l. hayflick he evaluates the aging process in frame of an evolution model.
this hypothesis may have a very negative content at the first sense.
but the author rather considers the uncertainty of aging a positive message.
he establishes that the occurrence of degenerative processes connecting the aging must be limited by preventive interventions far more efficient than the present possibilities.
concerning these steps we are still on the level of recommendations for preserving our general health and data of relevant science are quite contradictory.
somatic and psychological parameters are lacking which would be able to signalize the actual level of the aging process in a given person.
financial background can be improved by new theoretical bases of criteria of the palliative treatments.
but the direct professional programs can be planned after solution of the existing moral and social dilemmas.
in fact , swollen , disrupted mitochondria and intracellular protein aggregates accumulate within affected motor neurons.
these structures localize within double membrane vacuoles , autophagosomes , which typically cluster in perinuclear position.
in keeping with this , when using autophagy inhibitors or suppressing autophagy promoting genes , motor symptoms and motor neuron death are accelerated.
conversely stimulation of autophagy alleviates motor neuron degeneration.therefore , autophagy represents an important target when developing novel treatments in als.
moreover , advanced age or mounting of strong cmv-specific responses impact independently on cd4 ( + ) t-cell counts and recovery with antiretroviral therapy.
skeletal muscle wasting is a major reason for morbidity and mortality in many chronic disease states , disuse conditions and aging.
the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems are the two major proteolytic pathways involved in regulation of both physiological and pathological muscle wasting.
traf6 also possesses e3 ubiquitin ligase activity causing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitination of target proteins.
we have uncovered a novel role of traf6 in regulation of skeletal muscle mass.
muscle-wasting stimuli upregulate the expression , as well as the auto-ubiquitination , of traf6 leading to downstream activation of major catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle.
muscle-specific depletion of traf6 preserves skeletal muscle mass in a mouse model of cancer cachexia or denervation.
inhibition of traf6 also blocks the expression of the components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ups ) and autophagosome formation in atrophying skeletal muscle.
background : due to its strong water binding potential , hyaluronic acid ( ha ) is a well-known active ingredient for cosmetic applications.
however , based on its varying molecular size , skin penetration of ha may be limited.
recent studies have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight ha ( lmw ha ) may show a certain proinflammatory activity.
we thus aimed to characterize an lmw-sized ha molecule that combines strong anti-aging abilities with efficient skin penetration but lacks potential proinflammatory effects.
tumor necrosis factor-α expression was determined using quantitative pcr.
genomic and proteomic expression of various junctional proteins was determined using affymetrix and common western blotting techniques.
conclusion : lmw ha of approximately @number@ kda shows better penetration abilities than larger-sized ha.
these observations contribute to current knowledge on the effects of lmw ha on keratinocyte biology and cutaneous physiology.
background : recovery from stroke is presumed to be a function of a widespread cerebral network.
chronic white matter lesions ( wml ) have been proposed to be a predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke.
in addition , we used tract-based spatial statistics for voxel-wise analysis of the dti-derived parameter fractional anisotropy in the white matter tracts.
white matter tracts displaying a significant decrease in fractional anisotropy values were the corpus callosum , the anterior thalamic radiation and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.
various early forms of misfolded α-syn oligomers are cytotoxic.
their formation is favored by mutations and external factors , such as heavy metals , pesticides , trauma-related oxidative stress and heat shock.
the efficiency of the cellular defenses decreases in stressed or aging neurons , leading to neuroinflammation , apoptosis and tissue loss.
integral components of these pathways , ras , b-raf , pi3k , and pten are also activated / inactivated by mutations.
these pathways have profound effects on proliferative , apoptotic and differentiation pathways.
dysregulation of these pathways can contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance , proliferation of cancer initiating cells ( cics ) and premature aging.
inhibitors targeting these pathways have many potential uses from suppression of cancer , proliferative diseases as well as aging.
few studies have examined functional adrenal zonation throughout human life.
the zona glomerulosa ( zg ) was well developed in all @number@ patients ranging in age from newborn to the 30s.
after @number@ years of age , however , the zg occupied less than one-quarter of the adrenal circumference , suggestive of zg involution.
in conclusion , the adrenal cortex consists of homogeneous zg-topped columns from birth to adolescence.
such adrenocortical remodeling is ascribed to high-sodium / low-potassium diets.
change versus stability was examined using two methods : ( @number@ ) repeated-measures analyses and ( @number@ ) test-retest reliabilities of blood oxygenation level-dependent responses.
results showed that with increasing age , participants performed better on the task.
test-retest reliability was at least fair to good for adults and adolescents , but poor to fair for the youngest age group.
substantially more variability was observed in the pattern and magnitude of children compared with adults , which may be interpreted as proxy for developmental change.
these findings set the stage for studying developmental change in the perspective of multiple predictors , rather than solely by divisions based on age groups.
non-coding rnas ( ncrnas ) and their associated regulatory networks are increasingly being implicated in mediating a complex repertoire of neurobiological functions.
cognitive and behavioral processes are proving to be no exception.
in this review , we discuss the emergence of many novel , diverse and rapidly expanding classes and subclasses of short and long ncrnas.
we briefly review the life cycles and molecular functions of these ncrnas.
carrier systems for lipophilic drugs , such as the liquid crystalline systems ( lcs ) have been extensively studied to improve effect and selectivity.
retinyl palmitate ( rp ) is widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics products to improve the skin elasticity.
the aim of this study was the development , characterization and the in vivo effectiveness of rp in non-ionic lcs structures.
the results of the polarized light microscopy , small-angle x-ray scattering and rheology analysis indicated the presence of typical lcs structures with lamellar arrangement.
regardless of the presence of rp , the rheological studies showed the pseudo plastic behavior of the systems.
however , highest hysteresis area was verified when comparing the system in the presence and in the absence of rp.
results : full mmse scores can be generated for the abbreviated version by assuming high functioning on excluded items.
of the imputed scores , @percent@ were within @number@ point of their true value.
the model worked best at predicting cognitive level when cutoff scores were used to classify individuals into impaired vs. not nonimpaired.
conclusion : full-scale mmse scores can be reasonably accurately derived from an 11-item abbreviated version.
purpose : this study aims to quantify the relation between elder self-neglect and rate of emergency department utilization in a community-dwelling population.
of the @number@ participants in the chicago health and aging project , @number@ participants were reported to social services agency for suspected elder self-neglect.
the primary predictor was elder self-neglect reported to social services agency.
the outcome of interest was the annual rate of emergency department utilization obtained from the center for medicare and medicaid services.
poisson regression models were used to assess these longitudinal relationships.
conclusion : elder self-neglect was associated with increased rates of emergency department utilization in this community population.
greater self-neglect severity was associated with a greater increase in the rate of emergency department utilization.
introduction : comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( ocpd ) is well-described in obsessive-compulsive disorder ( ocd ) .
results : our findings suggest that ocd with and without ocpd are similar in terms of gender distribution and age at onset of oc symptoms.
furthermore there are no differences in distribution of gene variants , or response to treatment in the two groups.
cognitive reserve , broadly conceived , encompasses aspects of brain structure and function that optimize individual performance in the presence of injury or pathology.
reserve is challenging to study for two reasons.
the first is : reserve is a hypothetical construct , and direct measures of reserve are not available.
proxy variables and latent variable models are used to attempt to operationalize reserve.
the second is : in vivo measures of neuronal pathology are not widely available.
we discuss approaches for quantifying reserve with latent variable models , with emphasis on their application in the analysis of data from observational studies.
increasingly latent variable models are used to generate composites of cognitive reserve based on multiple proxies.
we review the theoretical and ontological status of latent variable modeling approaches to cognitive reserve , and suggest research strategies for advancing the field.
despite a rapid overall decline in poverty among older people since the 1970s , poverty among elderly immigrants is persistently high in canada.
nevertheless , the high poverty levels among elderly immigrants are mitigated by financial assistance from their kin.
yet , little is known among health care providers about the older adult's experience of home.
the aim of this study was to understand the experience of home as experienced by older adults living in a rural community in sweden.
results : two main and six sub-themes emerged.
home was experienced as the place the older adult could not imagine living without but also as the place one might be forced to leave.
aims : in diabetes , endothelial damage promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired , owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells ( epcs ) .
methods : this was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled t2d with macroangiopathy.
body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded.
at crossover , epc levels did not change compared with baseline , but significantly increased at study end.
cecs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end.
icam-1 , vcam-1 and e-selectin were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end.
no differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine.
hba1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm.
incidence of hypoglycaemia and weight gain was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms.
conclusion : optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of endothelial damage and regeneration.
compared to glargine , detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower weight gain and less hypoglycaemia.
these results might have implications for therapy of aging t2d patients with cardiovascular disease.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex , age and their interactions on hip abductor muscle properties.
methods : thirty elderly and @number@ young healthy subjects were recruited in this study.
subjects were instructed to abduct their leg as forcefully and quickly as possible under isometric condition , in response to audible beeps.
electromyogram was measured on the gluteus medius muscle and abduction torque was measured.
investigated muscle properties included torque amplitudes and muscle contraction timings.
muscle contraction timings were designated as premotor time , electromechanical delay and total reaction time.
the effects of sex , age and their interactions on muscle properties were analyzed.
age-sex interaction was significant in torque amplitudes and in electromechanical delay ( p < @number@ ) .
post-hoc test revealed that torque amplitude differed between sexes only in the young ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : both a sex difference and a sex difference of age-related change in hip abductor muscle properties were demonstrated.
these sex differences may contribute to the sex difference in lateral balance performance.
the efficacy of sunscreens to protect against ultraviolet ( uv ) a radiation is usually assessed by measuring erythema formation and pigmentation.
the biological relevance of these endpoints for uva-induced skin damage , however , is not known.
one study was performed on human reconstructed skin in vitro with a semi-global gene expression analysis of @number@ genes in fibroblasts and @number@ in keratinocytes.
sunscreen pre-application abrogated or significantly reduced these effects , as underlined by unsupervised clustering analysis.
the in vivo study confirmed that the sunscreen prevented uva radiation-induced transcriptional expression of the five studied genes.
excess of glucocorticoids ( gcs ) has been reported to lead to skin atrophy and impaired wound healing.
the present study investigates whether human skin fibroblasts suffer permanent damages due to a long-term exposure to gc excess.
no statistical differences were observed regarding these functions compared to those of normal human skin fibroblasts.
furthermore , no differences between normal and patient-derived cells were observed regarding their sensitivity to a supra-physiological cortisol concentration.
background : with increasing age the immune system shows functional decline.
in the skin this is associated with an increased incidence of epidermal malignancies and infections.
epidermal langerhans cells ( lcs ) act as sentinels of the immune system , recognizing , processing and presenting antigen and inducing t-cell responses.
previous investigations have demonstrated a reduction in the number of epidermal lcs in elderly subjects.
results : monocytes from aged individuals were able to differentiate into lcs.
furthermore , migration in response to a chemokine ligand , ccl19 , was equivalent in both age groups.
conclusions : these data demonstrate that changes in lc function in the elderly are not associated with changes in systemic dendritic cell phenotype and function.
conditioning of lcs in situ by the epidermal microenvironment is likely to be more important.
our purpose was to evaluate changes in leg spring stiffness and maximum power following eccentric and concentric cycling training.
these data demonstrate that eccentric cycling is an effective method for improving leg spring stiffness and maximum power during multi-joint tasks that include stretch-shortening cycles.
improvements in leg spring stiffness and maximum power would be beneficial for both aging and athletic populations.
background : older people are a growing sub-group in global populations who regularly interface with nurses.
however , older people can be devalued in society through attitudes , practices and beliefs engendered in discourse.
as an institution in society , nursing can be influenced by such negative discourses.
seminal works , which were frequently cited in journal articles , were also reviewed.
in addition , the scholarly works of michel foucault were examined.
power operates in discursively producing subject positions of older people and associated subjectivities which can shape nursing practice.
conclusion : the taken for granted discourses of ageing can implicitly affect how nurses interact with older people.
it is important that all nurses are cognizant of the consequences of such discourses in practice.
design : repeated-measures cross-over design.
setting : boston , massachusetts ( general community ) and harvard university.
participants : sixteen healthy older and @number@ healthy young participants.
conclusion : these findings provide compelling evidence that sleep optimizes motor skill performance across the adult life span.
setting : nursing homes in eight states ( @number@ facilities ) .
participants : long-stay nursing home residents aged @number@ and older ( @number@ assessments ) .
results : diagnosis of depression and antidepressant therapy in residents diagnosed increased at a rapid rate.
by @number@ @percent@ of residents were diagnosed with depression , @percent@ of whom received an antidepressant.
adjusted odds of treatment were higher for younger residents , whites , and those with moderate impairment of cognitive function.
conclusion : this study demonstrates striking increases in depression diagnosis and treatment with antidepressant medications , but disparities persist without clear evidence about underlying mechanisms.
more research is needed to assess effectiveness of antidepressant prescribing.
background / aims : the japanese population have the longest-life expectancy in the world.
accordingly , older patients with colorectal cancer with senile kyphosis caused by aging or osteoporosis also increase.
laparoscopic surgery is minimally-invasive , and performance on severe kyphotic patients may cause difficulty to approach a narrow abdomen.
to determine whether laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in patients with severe senile kyphosis.
methods : laparoscopic operations under general anesthesia were undertaken with the patients in lithotomy position.
intraoperative difficulties were compared with normal laparoscopic approach.
results : working space was divided by right costal arch during right hemicolectomy for right sided colon cancer.
for sigmoid colon cancer , dissection of lymph node and anastomosis were completed with much difficulty because the pelvic space was occupied with small intestine.
however , the postoperative course was uneventful despite impaired lung function in all cases.
conclusions : severe senile kyphosis is not a contraindication for minimally invasive technique applied to colorectal cancer patients.
this study sought to understand how older adults make sense of the challenges of aging.
furthermore , how older adults communicate about and cope with these challenges was examined.
babrow's ( @number@ @number@ ) problematic integration theory provides a framework for this research.
a qualitative study employing in-depth interviews with @number@ older adults from two continuum-of-care facilities was conducted.
in coping with these challenges , older adults focused on positive evaluations , reframing , acceptance , and adaptation.
background : accumulation of dna damage leading to adult stem cell exhaustion has been proposed to be a principal mechanism of aging.
methodology / principal findings : to asses dna damage accumulation and repair capacities , γh2ax-foci were examined before and after exposure to ionizing irradiation.
conclusions / significance : based on these findings we conclude that age-related non-telomeric dna damage accrual accompanies physiological stem cell aging in humans.
homocysteine concentrations are a read-out of methionine metabolism and have been related to changes in lifespan in animal models.
in humans , high homocysteine concentrations are an important predictor of age related disease.
we aimed to explore the association of homocysteine with familial longevity by testing whether homocysteine is lower in individuals that are genetically enriched for longevity.
the results suggest that homocysteine metabolism is not likely to predict familial longevity.
the gene tyrosine hydroxylase @number@ ( th01 ) has been suggested as a candidate for human longevity.
this str locus is also widely used in forensic genetics.
in the analyzed samples , the association between th01 and longevity was not replicated.
however , the obtained th01 allele frequencies were consistent with published data.
the discrepant th01-longevity association results in germans and italians could therefore be due to population-specific effects.
this finding highlights the need to take into consideration population genetic data when dealing with association studies.
many epidemiological studies have shown that parents , siblings and offspring of long-lived subjects have a significant survival advantage when compared with the general population.
our results suggest that genetic factors in males have a higher impact than in females on attaining longevity.
introduction : rugby is one of the most tactically complex sports.
rugby coaching theory suggests that rugby players need to possess various cognitive abilities.
we adopted a 3-d mental rotation task during fmri scanning as a visuospatial processing task.
significantly greater deactivations from baseline were observed for the top group than for the novice group in the right medial prefrontal cortex.
this further supported the existence of a specific cognitive strategy among top-level rugby players.
the study sample totaled @number@ male workers ( @number@ in construction trades ) in the baseline.
multiple logistic regression and paired t tests were conducted to compare health outcomes across occupations and within individuals over time.
objective : although the relationship between cognitive function and plasma lipids has attracted attention , previous studies have shown conflicting results.
one possible confounding factor is due to the influence of gene-related modulator.
we investigated the relationship between cognitive function and lipid plasma levels of old age after controlling for apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype.
methods : one thousand three hundred ninety-five subjects without dementia age @number@ and older participated in this study.
they were divided into two groups , with and without apoe4 [ e4 ( + ) and e4 ( - ) ] .
associations between plasma concentrations of lipids and cognitive function were investigated for each group.
no substantial association between cognitive score and ldl , tg , and tc levels was found in either of the groups.
methods : a sample of @number@ intervention group participants ( 65-89 yrs ) received weekly group sessions of cognitive stimulation for two months.
this sample was stratified into groups according to habitual physical activity ( pa ) and matched with @number@ controls.
results : at baseline , groups did not differ in absolute mac-q , nsl or adas-cog scores.
the groups significantly ( p < 0.05 ) differed on nsl and mac-q difference scores.
specifically , the more active groups differed from controls , and in some cases from the least active group.
groups did not differ on adas-cog difference scores.
physically more active persons may gain more benefit from cognitive stimulation than the physically less active.
although they rarely cause fatal disease , fungi can cause significant injury and illness.
fungal infections are both difficult to prevent and difficult to treat.
this review introduces fungi , the infections they cause , the risk factors involved , diagnosis and treatment.
this article is a directed reading.
your access to directed reading quizzes for continuing education credit is determined by your continuing education preference.
for access to other quizzes , go to www.asrt.org / store.
performance on the mcis is reported as the memory performance index ( mpi ) .
a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the validity of the mpi relative to standard neuropsychological measures.
participants included @number@ individuals diagnosed with amci , @number@ with mild ad , and @number@ healthy elderly.
the mcis significantly discriminated among amci , ad , and healthy elderly controls.
the mcis is effective in detecting amci , and in discriminating it from cognitive changes observed in ad and normal aging.
the mcis may be a valuable tool in the identification of elderly at high risk for dementia due to its ease-of-use and brief administration time.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a common neurodegenerative disease resulting from complex interaction involving genetic and environmental risk factors on background of aging.
furthermore , to evaluate its role in ethnic chinese population , a meta-analysis was performed on pro755leu in population of chinese ancestry throughout asia.
given these findings , it was quite reasonable to suppose that lrrk2 pro755leu variant rarely increased risk for pd in ethnic chinese population in asia.
objectives : dry mouth is a condition associated with reduced salivary secretion and is thought to be related to aging.
results : both parameters were significantly improved following treatment with either form of coq10 , suggesting the effectiveness of coq10 in attenuating dry mouth symptoms.
ed , with more than @number@ million sufferers in the world , has become a serious disease besetting the male patients.
great strides have been achieved in understanding the pathogenesis and potential therapeutics of ed over the past two decades.
as a potential therapeutic option for ed , gene therapy might provide an effective means.
therefore , the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis that causes these ischemic organ dysfunctions is indispensable.
furthermore , the advances in laboratory test methods have made the measurement of various sensitive markers for inflammation possible.
in this presentation , we would like to explain the efficient application of biochemical markers and rapid physiological tests for the pathological diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
we would also like to explain changes in anti-thrombotic therapy aiming at the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and its usefulness.
methods : this was a prospective cohort study.
the setting was the reference hospital for the population area.
unselected consecutive patients ( n = 7 , 487 ) admitted to the hospital over @number@ months were enrolled.
results : short-term mortality ( @number@ deaths ) was significantly associated with reduced egfr only in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.
the study repeated for the individual cv conditions showed that reduced egfr was associated with mortality only in chronic ischemic heart disease.
no association with sex of patient , diabetes or arterial hypertension was found.
any interaction with @number@ major predisposing diseases - diabetes and arterial hypertension - has not been shown.
coenzyme q10 ( coq ) is a powerful antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress.
levels of mrnas were determined for p53 , p21 , p53r2 , and mdm2.
protein levels of p53 , phosphorylated p53 ( ser20 ) , and monoubiquitinated p53 were also measured , both in cytoplasm and nucleus.
the extent of dna damage was measured as plasma 8-ohdg.
in conclusion , med + coq diet improves oxidative dna damage in elderly subjects and reduces processes of cellular oxidation.
our results suggest a starting point for the prevention of oxidative processes associated with aging.
several mechanisms contribute to the decline of all physiologic functions during aging.
as a consequence , disease incidence increases with age.
central to this multifactorial process is the increase in oxidative stress levels , which correlates with age-related disease pathogenesis in animal models and in humans.
accordingly , skeletal aging and aging-related bone diseases are also associated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
oxidative stress promotes both the transcriptional activity and protein stability of foxos.
this evidence indicates that foxo1 integrates and orchestrates responses to different stress signals to maintain bone cell function and preserve skeletal homeostasis.
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( anca ) -associated vasculitis are predominantly diseases of older patients , frequently involving the kidney.
bomback and colleagues studied disease outcome in very elderly patients ( > 80 years old ) with anca-associated renal disease.
immunosuppression resulted in lower rates of end-stage renal disease at @number@ year and lower mortality at @number@ years.
given this , technologies to measure cardiac mitochondrial function are in demand.
one technique that employs an integrative approach to measure mitochondrial function is respirometric oxidative phosphorylation ( oxphos ) analysis.
the principle of respirometric oxphos assessment is centered around measuring oxygen concentration utilizing a clark electrode.
as the permeabilized fiber bundle consumes oxygen , oxygen concentration in the closed chamber declines.
using selected titration protocols , electrons are provided to specific sites of the electron transport chain , allowing evaluation of mitochondrial function.
prior to respirometric analysis of mitochondrial function , mechanical and chemical preparatory techniques are utilized to permeabilize the sarcolemma of muscle fibers.
chemical permeabilization employs saponin to selectively perforate the cell membrane while maintaining cellular architecture.
this paper thoroughly describes the steps involved in preparing saponin-skinned cardiac fibers for oxygen consumption measurements to evaluate mitochondrial oxphos.
importantly , the described protocol may be easily applied to cardiac and skeletal tissue of various animal models and human samples.
in contrast , wild allele combination increases lung cancer risk for individuals over the age of @number@
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an age-associated disease characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β ( aβ ) plaques within the brain.
histological examination has also revealed profound microglial activation in diseased brains often in association with these fibrillar peptide aggregates.
the paradoxical presence of increased , reactive microglia yet accumulating extracellular debris suggests that these cells may be phagocytically compromised during disease.
these data suggest that microglia undergo an age-associated decrease in microglial ability to interact with aβ fibrils.
postnatal day @number@ microglia demonstrated a cd47 dependent ability to phagocytose aβ fibrils that was lost by @number@ months.
this corresponded with the ability of postnatal day @number@ but not adult microglia to decrease aβ immunoreactive plaque load from ad sections in vitro.
the triage theory proposes that modest deficiency of any vitamin or mineral ( v / m ) could increase age-related diseases.
the result is accumulation of insidious damage , increasing disease risk.
mechanisms include the requirement of a special form of trna sensitive to se deficiency for translation of nonessential selenoprotein mrnas except dio1.
modest se deficiency is common in many parts of the world ; optimal intake could prevent future disease.
objectives : few studies have explicitly tested whether the health disadvantage among older blacks is consistent across the entire range of education.
we examined racial differences in the cross-sectional association of education with physical and cognitive function performance in older adults.
purpose : to identify whether a history of cancer is associated with specific geriatric syndromes in older patients.
patients and methods ; using the @number@ medicare current beneficiary survey , we analyzed a national sample of @number@ community-based elders.
differences in prevalence of geriatric syndromes between those with and without cancer were estimated.
multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate whether cancer was independently associated with geriatric syndromes.
results : two thousand three hundred forty-nine ( @percent@ ) reported a history of cancer.
conclusion : elderly patients with cancer experience a higher prevalence of geriatric syndromes than those without cancer.
prospective studies that establish the causal relationships between cancer and geriatric syndromes are necessary.
cataract is a visible opacity in the lens substance , which , when located on the visual axis , leads to visual loss.
age-related cataract is a cause of blindness on a global scale involving genetic and environmental influences.
consequently , as the lens ages , its transparency falls and the nucleus becomes more rigid , resisting the change in shape necessary for accommodation.
this is the basis of presbyopia.
the process is homogeneous and the affected lens fibres retain their gross morphology.
cortical opacities are due to changes in membrane permeability and enzyme function and shear-stress damage to lens fibres with continued accommodative effort.
unlike nuclear cataract , progression is intermittent , stepwise and non-uniform.
millions are rendered blind or exhibit visual impairment due to pathologies of the lens of the eye.
the issue is divided into three main areas.
the genetic basis of disorders of lens development , including paediatric cataract ( lens opacity ) , are also discussed in this section.
secondly , adult lens structure and ultrastructure are covered , as well as the lens as a model for homeostasis and solute exchange.
overall , the articles highlight the lens as a continuing , very important and attractive model system for biologists working in many different research areas.
neural correlates of visual search , and their potential dissociation , were examined here using integrity of white matter connecting the frontoparietal networks.
the effect of aging on these brain-behavior relationships was also of interest.
as expected , results revealed age-related declines in conjunction , but not elementary , search performance ; and in ilf and genu tract integrity.
thus , integrity of white matter tracts connecting frontoparietal attention networks contributes to search performance in younger and older adults.
background : the prognosis for patients aged over @number@ years who receive a pacemaker in the context of sinus node dysfunction is unclear.
in contrast , the two groups did not differ with regard to either paroxysmal or chronic atrial fibrillation.
on the basis of this finding , the implantation of such devices seems justifiable , even in this age group.
question : what is the free-living physical activity of community-dwelling people with stroke compared with that of age-matched healthy controls ?
design : a cross-sectional observational study.
participants : @number@ people with stroke and @number@ age-matched healthy controls aged @number@ to @number@ years living in sydney , australia.
the observation period of the free-living physical activity of stroke survivors was significantly less than that of the healthy controls.
prevalence of multimorbidity in older persons ranges from @number@ to @percent@.
major consequences of multimorbidity are disability and functional decline , poor quality of life , and high health care costs.
controversial results were found on multimorbidity and mortality risk.
new insights in this field can lead to the identification of preventive strategies and better treatment of multimorbid patients.
post-traumatic epilepsy ( pte ) accounts for 10-20% of symptomatic epilepsies.
here we review the available data on endophenotypes of humans and rodents with tbi associated with epilepsy.
also , current understanding of the mechanisms and biomarkers for pte as well as factors associated with preclinical study designs are discussed.
finally , we summarize the attempts to prevent pte in experimental models.
standard treatment of organophosphorus ( op ) poisoning includes administration of an antimuscarinic ( e.g. , atropine ) and of an oxime-based reactivator.
however , successful oxime treatment in soman poisoning is limited due to rapid aging of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) .
hence , the inability of standard treatment procedures to counteract the effects of soman poisoning resulted in the search for alternative strategies.
recently , results of an in vivo guinea pig study indicated a therapeutic effect of physostigmine given after soman.
the major findings were that prophylactic physostigmine prevented complete inhibition of ache by soman and resulted in partial spontaneous recovery of the enzyme by de-carbamylation.
physostigmine given as post-treatment resulted in a time-dependent reduction of the protection from soman inhibition and recovery of ache.
this demographic shift has considerable public health and economic implications since aging is associated with the development of serious chronic diseases.
calorie restriction ( cr ) is the most effective nutritional intervention for slowing aging and preventing chronic disease in rodents.
in non-human and human primates , cr with adequate nutrition protects against abdominal obesity , diabetes , hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
objectives : low thiopurine s-methyltransferase ( tpmt ) enzyme activity is associated with increased thiopurine drug toxicity , particularly myelotoxicity.
pre-analytic and analytic variables for tpmt genotype and phenotype ( enzyme activity ) testing were reviewed.
design and methods : a systematic literature review was performed , and diagnostic laboratories were surveyed.
fifteen drugs studied to date exerted no clinically significant effects in vivo.
enzymatic assay is the preferred technique.
radiochemical and hplc techniques had intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ( cvs ) below @percent@.
conclusion : tpmt is a stable enzyme , and its assay is not affected by age , gender , race or co-morbidity.
this epidemiological review outlines the public health burden of falls and fall-related injuries and the impact of population aging.
finally , public health approaches to minimize falls risk and consequent demand on health care resources are suggested.
with a sample of @number@ chinese older people , we conducted two focus groups and @number@ in-depth interviews in mandarin or cantonese.
interview transcripts , back translated , were analyzed using n6.
cost of interventions was important.
chinese older adults valued their independence , and cultural intergenerational relations had an impact on taking action to prevent falls.
cultural diversity affects older adults ' acceptance of fall prevention interventions.
the elderly in palliative care are confronted with difficult decisions relating to treatments.
angiogenesis is recognized as one of the principal hallmarks of cancers.
cancers contain newly formed immature vessels devoid of firm coverage by pericytes.
several drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor signals are now in clinical use for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment.
those drugs transiently normalize tumor vessels and ultimately provoke vascular regression.
this regression causes tumor hypoxia , which could trigger certain cancer cells to become more invasive and metastatic.
thus , persistent vascular normalization could be an alternative goal of anti-angiogenic cancer treatment.
the aging of skeletal muscle is characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass , force , and condition.
muscle training with nmes reduces the degradation process.
the discussed system is intended for evoked muscle training of the anterior and posterior thigh.
the core of the stimulator is based on a microcontroller with two modular output stages.
the system has two charge-balanced biphasic voltage-controlled stimulation channels.
additionally , the evoked myoelectric signal ( m-wave ) and the myokinematic signal ( surface acceleration ) are measured.
a central controller unit allows using the stimulator as a stand-alone device.
to help elderly people handle the stimulator by themselves , the user interface is kept very simple.
for safety reasons , the electrode impedance is monitored during stimulation.
a comprehensive compliance management with included measurements of muscle activity and stimulation intensity enables a scientific use of the stimulator in clinical trials.
embryonic stem cells ( escs ) have remarkable properties of pluripotency and self-renewal , along with the retention of chromosomal integrity.
germ cells function as a kind of \ "transgenerational stem cells , \ " transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next.
additionally , investigators have successfully reprogrammed somatic nuclei into a pluripotent state by inserting them into escs or oocytes.
this would enable the generation of escs genetically identical to the somatic cell donor and their use in cell therapy.
however , these methodologies are still inefficient and their mechanisms poorly understood.
until full comprehension of these processes is obtained , clinical applications remain remote.
nevertheless , they represent promising tools in the future , enhancing methods of therapeutic cloning and infertility treatment.
holocaust survivors are at increased risk of osteoporosis , cardiometabolic disease due to axis dysfunction , cancer , and sequelae of nazi medical experiments.
the issues discussed are also relevant to the wider geriatric refugee or prisoner-of-war experience.
objective : to present results of in vitro studies of recombinant otoconial proteins for the understanding of current concepts of biomolecular mechanisms controlling otoconial mineralization.
methods : in vitro characterization of recombinant otoconial proteins with respect to crystal growth parameters and solution state behavior.
evaluation by hr-sem , micro-raman , circular dichroism , in combination with molecular modeling of individual domains and whole oc90.
molecular models of oc90 exhibit a surface of uniform negative electrostatic potential , enabling localized supersaturation.
3-d digital surface imaging and standardized 2-d photography were used to assess mid-face and nasolabial volumetric correction and clinical improvement , respectively.
investigator and subject ratings of ' much improved ' or ' excellent ' improvement were reported using 2-d photographs as a visual aid.
subjects reported high levels of satisfaction.
no serious adverse events were reported.
discussion : in this study , injectable plla was found to be safe and effective for mid-face and nasolabial fold volumetric correction.
the juvéderm product line exploits innovative 3-d technology , producing a range of cohesive , homogenous gels that produce predictable , long-lasting and natural results.
background : professional , non-invasive , anti-aging treatments based on radio-frequency ( rf ) technologies are popular for skin tightening and improvement of wrinkles.
a new home-use rf device for facial treatments has recently been developed based on tripollar™ technology.
objective : to evaluate the stop™ home-use device for facial skin tightening using objective and subjective methods.
methods : twenty-three female subjects used the stop at home for a period of @number@ weeks followed by a maintenance period of @number@ weeks.
facial skin characteristics were objectively evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment and maintenance periods using a three-dimensional imaging system.
additionally , facial wrinkles were classified and subjects scored their satisfaction and sensations.
this objective result correlated well with the periorbital wrinkle classification result of @percent@.
all patients were satisfied to extremely satisfied with the treatments and all reported moderate to excellent visible results.
conclusions : the clinical study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the stop home-use device for facial skin tightening.
treatment can maintain a tighter and suppler skin with improvement of fine lines and wrinkles.
background and objective : fractional er : yag 2940-nm laser resurfacing is a relatively new approach to the treatment of photodamaged skin.
typically , this approach uses fairly high delivered energies in order to create ' microscopic wounds ' of tissue coagulation at various dermal depths.
subject satisfaction , treatment tolerability , and subject outcome assessment were performed.
results : of the @number@ subjects who completed the trial , all recorded improvement in their treated skin ; half reported over @percent@ improvement.
most patients reported none or only mild stinging and burning during and after treatment.
there was no downtime associated with the procedure.
no adverse events were reported.
patient satisfaction rates were high.
design : a longitudinal study using information from the stroke recovery in underserved population ( srup ) data base.
a 4-item positive affect scale and an 11-point visual analog pain scale were collected at discharge and at @number@ months postdischarge.
results : the mean age of the sample was @number@ years , @percent@ were women , and @percent@ were married.
one third of the sample reported pain and the mean positive affect score was @number@ ( range 0-12 ) .
study design : systematic review.
method : electronic databases ( medline , cinahl , embase , and psycinfo ) were searched for studies published between @number@ and @date@ .
levels of evidence were assigned to each study using a modified sackett scale.
effect size calculations for the interventions were provided where possible.
results : nine studies met the inclusion criteria.
the studies reviewed included two rcts , six prospective controlled trials ( pcts ) and one cohort study.
all studies examined at least two groups.
conclusions : cbt holds promise as an effective approach for persons with sci experiencing depression , anxiety , adjustment , and coping problems.
taken together , the results suggest a dissociation of preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effect.
results are discussed in terms of age-related decline in resilience towards distributed processing while simultaneously preserving the ability to integrate parafoveal information into foveal processing.
older adults are not as good as younger adults at decoding prosodic emotions.
we sought to determine the specificity of this finding.
older adults display a pervasive problem interpreting prosodic cues , but further study is required to clarify the stage at which performance declines.
older adults have the highest risk of death by suicide in the united states.
further , gender was examined as a moderator of this association to determine if perceived burdensomeness exerted a greater influence on suicide ideation in males.
gender did not moderate the association.
the implications of these findings for treatment of older adults with suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk are discussed.
the noun-pair lookup ( np ) task was used to evaluate strategic shift from visual scanning to retrieval.
we investigated whether age differences in feeling-of-knowing ( fok ) account for older adults ' delayed retrieval shift.
we found small age differences in fok magnitudes but major age differences in memory retrieval choices that mirrored retrieval use in the standard np task.
older adults had particular difficulty with accuracy and confidence for rearranged pairs , relative to intact pairs.
the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously has become increasingly important as technologies such as cell phones and portable music players have become more common.
participants were asked to cross simulated streets of varying difficulty while either undistracted , listening to music , or conversing on a cell phone.
performance costs in older adults were primarily reflected in timeout rates.
when conversing on a cell phone , older adults were less likely to complete their crossing compared with when listening to music or undistracted.
our data suggest that multitasking costs may be particularly dangerous for older adults even during everyday activities such as crossing the street.
outcome measures were logical memory ii , letter-number sequencing , and spatial span from the wechsler memory scale.
participants were @number@ healthy women aged 40-79 years at baseline ( @number@ ) .
nart significantly added to predictions of all three measures of memory , after controlling for age , level of education and socioeconomic status.
nart also significantly added to predictions of change in logical memory ii and letter-number sequencing over a 7-year period.
objective : to examine spousal associations between functional limitation and depressive symptom trajectories in a national sample of older long-term married couples.
main outcome measures : activities of daily living and a short version of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were used.
our results further demonstrate sizable associations in levels and changes in functional limitations and depressive symptoms between spouses.
for example , functional limitation levels in one spouse were associated with depressive symptom levels in the other spouse.
the relation between functions of reminiscence and mental health has been studied elaborately in older adults.
in this paper a review of this research is first presented.
some functions such as bitterness revival are used more often by people with depression or anxiety.
other functions such as identity are used less often by people with psychological distress.
a model based on these research findings is discussed.
three types of interventions are distinguished : reminiscence , life-review and life-review therapy.
life-review therapy is an evidence based treatment of depression in older adults.
hl is a broader concept than he.
conceptually the salutogenic model focuses on the direction towards the healthy end of the health continuum.
the salutogenic theory , based on resources and comprehensibility , manageability , and meaningfulness , can be integrated into a learning model.
people are seen as active and participating subjects shaping their lives through their ac.
in addition , the views from a discussion with the participants of a session in the nhpr conference @number@ are integrated.
results : the similarities and differences between the salutogenesis , the oc and healthy learning were shown in a graph.
integrating the salutogenesis in educational sciences further expands the concepts of he and hl into healthy learning.
conclusions : the results of the discussions will further develop and strengthen the concept of healthy learning.
aging population has been advancing in ito city located in the northern part of izu peninsula.
one of the end-stage leukemia patients of our hospital hoped to die at home.
the parameters studied in healthy individuals showed age-related differences in the pool of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ( scfa ) .
childhood is associated with improvements in task accuracy , response time , and reductions in intraindividual trial-to-trial variability in reaction times.
notably , the amplitude and latency of the ern and pe did not differ significantly between the age groups.
however , intraindividual variability in response time ( rt ) was strongly related to ern amplitude.
the giessen test was standardized in a representative german sample in @number@
this article presents new norm values for the scales.
because of the effects of age and gender on most of the scales , age and gender specific values are presented.
eleven healthy young and @number@ healthy elderly individuals performed the sit-to-stand with their feet further away and closer to the chair.
kinetic and kinematic data were recorded.
regardless of foot position , challenges in stability were greater in elderly participants than young participants despite their similar movement time and shear forces.
the greater instability in elderly participants , despite their comparable movement characteristics , emphasizes the importance of stability control following sit-to-stand performance.
for both young and elderly participants , the sit-to-stand duration and the shear forces were greater in the far condition.
we use a multinomial probit model to determine factors associated with type of care.
we also assess the cost of care with the help of the proxy good method.
results : one-third of disabled elderly people receive no care.
among those who are helped , @percent@ receive informal , @percent@ formal , and @percent@ mixed care.
low socioeconomic status increases difficulties in accessing formal care.
conclusion : public policies should pay more attention to inequalities in access to community care.
findings from previous studies might have been biased because of either employer self-selection or social desirability , yielding non-representative or artificially positive conclusions.
with regard to strategies employers might use to increase hiring and retention , respondents identified increased training and centralized disability and accommodation expertise and mechanisms.
recently , several studies described resveratrol as an anti-aging compound.
this review focuses on the anti-aging aspects of resveratrol , the possible mechanisms of action , and emerging controversy on its life-prolonging ability.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the second most prevalent late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects nearly @percent@ of the global population aged @number@ and older.
whereas palliative treatments are in use , the goal of blocking progression of motor and cognitive disability remains unfulfilled.
a better understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying pd would help to advance that goal.
the present study provides evidence that brain ganglioside abnormality , in particular gm1 , may be involved.
these knockout mice show overt motor disability on aging and clear indications of motor impairment with appropriate testing at an earlier age.
this disability was rectified by l-dopa administration.
these results suggest that perturbation of intracellular mechanisms mediated by intracellular gm1 may be a contributing factor to pd.
sbp was converted to age- , gender- and height-specific z-scores ( sbpz ) .
perinatal variables and growth parameters measured between @number@ and @number@ months were assessed as predictors of an elevated sbp.
male subscapular skinfold thickness : abdominal circumference ratio decreased with advancing age , paralleling the decreases in sbpz.
the vlbw neonates demonstrated an elevated sbp as early as @number@ year of age.
although predictive perinatal variables were not identified , gender-specific relationships between infant growth and sbp were observed.
it is well-known that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are linked to the incidence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
no significant differences existed in serum lipids , glucose , uric acid , creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels between the af and control groups.
the lipoprotein particles from the af group promoted more foam cell formation via accelerated phagocytosis by macrophages compared to the control group.
hdl2 and hdl3 from the af group showed decreased antioxidant ability and an approximately @percent@ lower expression of apoa-i compared to the control group.
objective : to examine the impact of varying decision criteria on neuropsychological diagnostic frequencies and on their correlates.
design : descriptive and correlational study.
setting : florida alzheimer's disease research center.
participants : a sample of @number@ individuals with comprehensive baseline analyses participating in a longitudinal study of cognitive decline and early alzheimer disease.
results : under each criteria set , single-domain amnestic mci was the most frequent mci diagnosis.
mci global and subtype diagnosis frequencies were inversely related to the stringency of the criteria.
across all sets of criteria , the authors found significant positive associations between neuropsychological diagnoses and clinical dementia rating score categories.
the aim of the study is to determine how specific eeg findings during neonatal period correlate with clinical outcome on follow-up.
abnormal eeg background ( particularly suppression ) during neonatal period may be predictive of unfavorable outcome.
overall impression of eeg may be predictive of clinical outcome , even when individual parameters were not predictive.
other findings did not appear to be predictive.
despite this possible disparity , patients of minority ethnoracial groups often receive delayed diagnosis or inadequate treatment for dementia.
this review investigates these disparities by conceptualizing the dementia disease process as a product of both biological and cultural factors.
we also suggest that emerging biomarker-based diagnostic tools may be useful in further characterizing diverse populations with ad.
neural precursor cell expressed , developmentally down-regulated ( nedd9 ) gene was a new candidate risk gene for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
our study aimed to replicate the initial report in chinese population and explore its effect on cognitive performance.
a total of @number@ patients with ad , @number@ patients with mild cognitive impairment , and @number@ cognitive intact controls were recruited in the study.
our study identified rs760678 within nedd9 gene in association with the risk of ad and cognitive performance in chinese older persons.
since that time , however , the value of an evolutionary approach to medicine has become increasingly recognized.
there are several ways in which an evolutionary perspective can enrich medical education and improve medical practice.
evolutionary biology should become a foundational science for the medical education of the future.
methods : we first provide a software tool to systematically identify and characterize genomic regions where low association p-values are observed with multiple traits.
we use the term pleiotropy index to denote the number of traits with low association p-values at a particular genomic region.
for gwas assumed to be uncorrelated , we adopted the binomial distribution to approximate the statistical significance of the pleiotropy index.
we then applied the approximation approach to explore gwas summarized in the national human genome research institute ( nhgri ) gwas catalog.
results : by simulation , we identified pleiotropic regions including sh2b3 and brap ( 12q24.12 ) for hematologic and blood pressure traits.
availability and implementation : the perl and r scripts are available at @url@
in addition , we examined self-management abilities ( smas ) as determinants of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly.
method : in a cross-sectional study , @number@ visually impaired elderly persons completed telephone interviews.
loneliness and smas were assessed with the loneliness scale of de jong gierveld and the smas-30 , respectively.
multivariate hierarchical regression analysis showed that the sma self-efficacy , partner status , and self-esteem were determinants of loneliness.
severity and duration of visual impairment had no effect on loneliness.
discussion : the relationship between smas ( i.e. , self-efficacy ) and loneliness is promising , as smas can be learned through training.
consequently , self-management training may reduce feelings of loneliness.
method : postal survey responses from a representative population sample of new zealanders aged @number@ to @number@ years ( n = @number@ ) .
ethnicity was related to social networks and health but this was largely accounted for by other contextual variables measuring socioeconomic status.
gender and age were also significant variables in the model.
discussion : social network type is a useful way to assess social integration within this model of cascading effects.
more detailed information could be gained through the development of our network assessment instruments for older people.
the production of type i ifn was significantly lower in dcs from older donors , compared with younger donors.
our results identify deficits in critical regulatory pathways in the antiviral response that may contribute to the enhanced susceptibility to viral infections observed in aging.
we compared the effectiveness of home telerehabilitation with conventional rehabilitation following knee replacement surgery ( total knee arthroplasty , tka ) .
clinical outcomes improved significantly for all subjects in both groups between endpoints.
some variables showed larger improvements in the usual care group two months post-discharge from therapy than in the telerehabilitation group.
this study aimed at investigating the association between alcohol consumption and mi considering time-varying alcohol consumption and time-varying confounders.
methods : data were available for @number@ males participating in the kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study ( finland ) .
baseline data for the present study were collected in 1991-93.
mis were ascertained from national registries until @date@ .
alcohol consumption was categorized into four groups.
data were analysed using conventional discrete-time hazard and marginal structural models ( msms ) .
time-invariant covariates were age , working status , diabetes and cigarette-years.
there was also a trend towards increased risk among the heaviest consumers using the msm ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.93-2.72 ) .
d2 and d3 are widely expressed and in a dynamically and tightly coordinated fashion , thereby allowing cells to customize their own th activity.
this review focuses on the progress made in understanding the physiological function and significance of d3.
background : detecting chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) may have important implications for the management of older and frail people.
design : observational study.
setting : comparison between nh residents and h patients.
subjects : we used data from @number@ nh residents , and @number@ h patients.
such findings have important implications in dosing drugs cleared by the kidney.
setting should be taken into consideration in studies for validation of gfr equations.
control explants from fellow eyes were cultured in medium only.
the deposited ecm was exposed by removing bce.
fetal rpe cells were then cultured on these explants for @number@ @number@ or @number@ days.
the explants were analyzed quantitatively by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
surviving rpe cells from explants cultured for @number@ days were harvested to compare bestrophin and rpe65 mrna expression.
mass spectroscopy was performed on bce-ecm to examine the protein composition.
results : the bce-treated explants showed significantly higher rpe nuclear density than did the control explants at all time points.
rpe expressed more differentiated features on bce-treated explants than on untreated explants , but expressed very little mrna for bestrophin or rpe65.
these differences were reduced or nonexistent in the bce-ecm-treated explants.
proteins identified in the bce-ecm included ecm proteins , ecm-associated proteins , cell membrane proteins , and intracellular proteins.
conclusions : increased rpe survival can be achieved on aged submacular human bruch's membrane by resurfacing the latter with a cell-deposited ecm.
caucasian eyes seem to benefit the most , as cell survival is the worst on submacular bruch's membrane in these eyes.
methods : conditioned medium ( cm ) was collected from adult and fetal donor eyes and analyzed for trophic factor composition by multiplex elisa.
trophic factor receptor occupancy was calculated to evaluate differences in trophic factor concentrations.
rpe trophic factor mrna expression was quantified by real-time pcr.
retina-preserving activity of the collected cm was evaluated using degenerating porcine retina in vitro.
no consistent correlation was found between trophic factor mrna expression and protein secretion.
non-rpe components of the rpe-bruch's membrane-choroid-sclera complex were major contributors of vascular endothelial growth factor-a ( vegf-a ) .
cm of fetal donors was significantly better than cm of adult or amd donors at improving the survival of degenerating porcine retina.
purpose : raman spectroscopy is an effective probe of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) in bruch's membrane.
however , because it is the outermost layer of the retina , this extracellular matrix is difficult to analyze in vivo with current technology.
the sclera shares many compositional characteristics with bruch's membrane , but it is much easier to access for in vivo raman analysis.
this study investigated whether sclera could act as a surrogate tissue for raman-based investigation of pathogenic ages in bruch's membrane.
the biochemical composition , ages , and their age-related trends were determined from data reduction of the raman spectra and compared for the two tissues.
these findings also suggest that sclera could be a useful target tissue for future patient-based , raman spectroscopy studies.
federally mandated ads policies were followed in > 93% of all agencies.
nearly all agencies stored ads in a file at the agency , but only half stored them at the patient's residence.
the incidence of alzheimer's disease and diabetes is increasing with age.
thus , in light of demographic change and aging societies , they are becoming a growing issue for public health.
further , there are linkages between the two diseases.
in particular , risk assessment studies suggest that type @number@ diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of alzheimer's disease.
purpose : radioresistance is a major cause of treatment failure of radiotherapy ( rt ) in human cancer.
cells were then subjected to immunoblotting , clonogenic survival assay , cell growth analysis , and cell death analysis with tunel and annexin v staining.
in vivo radiosensitivity was assessed by growth of human tumors xenografted into nude mice.
results : treatment with api-2 resulted in downregulation of cyclin d1 expression in cells with acquired radioresistance.
cellular radioresistance disappeared completely both in vitro and in vivo with accompanying apoptosis when treated with api-2.
furthermore , inhibition of cyclin d1 / cdk4 by cdk4-i was sufficient for abolishing radioresistance.
treatment with either api-2 or cdk4-i was also effective in suppressing resistance to cis-platinum ( ii ) -diamine-dichloride in the cells with acquired radioresistance.
conclusion : cyclin d1 / cdk4 is a critical target of the akt survival signaling pathway responsible for tumor radioresistance.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) can be a stage of pre-dementia.
there is no consensus about pharmacological treatment for this population , so it is important to structure non-pharmacological interventions for increasing their cognitive reserve.
we intended to analyze the effects of non-pharmacological interventions in the cognitive functions in older people with mc , in form of a systemic review.
data sources were the web of science , biological abstracts , medline , pub med , ebschost , scirus and google scholar.
all studies were longitudinal trials , with mci sample , aged > 60 years , community-dwelling , and having cognitive functions as dependent variable.
seven studies , from @number@ previously selected ones , were identified according to the inclusion criteria.
six studies used cognitive intervention , improving memory and one study used physical activity as intervention , improving executive functions.
the results show evidence that physical activity and cognitive exercise may improve memory and executive functions in older people with mci.
tumor cells exhibit aberrant metabolism characterized by high glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen.
this metabolic reprogramming , known as the warburg effect , provides tumor cells with the substrates required for biomass generation.
here , we show that the mitochondrial nad-dependent deacetylase sirt3 is a crucial regulator of the warburg effect.
mechanistically , sirt3 mediates metabolic reprogramming by destabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ( hif1α ) , a transcription factor that controls glycolytic gene expression.
sirt3 loss increases reactive oxygen species production , leading to hif1α stabilization.
sirt3 expression is reduced in human breast cancers , and its loss correlates with the upregulation of hif1α target genes.
finally , we find that sirt3 overexpression represses glycolysis and proliferation in breast cancer cells , providing a metabolic mechanism for tumor suppression.
uv exposure is known to induce premature aging , which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) activity.
mmp-1 mrna expression is up-regulated by elevated cysteine-rich @number@ ( cyr61 ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( mcp-1 ) via action of transcription factor ap-1.
collagen is degraded by mmp-1 activity but synthesized by transforming growth factor-β ( tgf-β ) signal.
chlorella has been shown to inhibit uvb-induced mmp-1 level , however its regulatory molecular mechanisms have not been studied.
uvb-induced c-fos and c-jun expressions were also inhibited by the cdp treatment.
taken together , cdp inhibits uvb-induced mmp-1 expression in skin fibroblasts by suppressing expression of ap-1 and cyr61 and mcp-1 production.
glutamate dehydrogenase @number@ ( glud1 ) is a mitochondrial enzyme expressed in all tissues , including brain.
although this enzyme is expressed in glutamatergic pathways , its function as a regulator of glutamate neurotransmitter levels is still not well defined.
the tg mice have increased activity of glud , as well as elevated levels and increased synaptic and depolarization-induced release of glutamate.
these mice suffer age-associated losses of dendritic spines , nerve terminals , and neurons.
the neuronal losses and dendrite structural changes occur in select regions of the brain.
the mice are also useful in defining the molecular pathways affected by the over-activation of glud in glutamatergic neurons of the brain and spinal cord.
the default system consists mainly of the medial prefrontal and medial parietal areas.
it has been proposed that this default activity is concerned with internal thought processes.
finally , i will discuss the functional significance of the default system and consider the possibility of internal thought processes in the monkey.
aortic stenosis is currently the most predominant valvular pathology in older adults.
unprecedented advances in echocardiography , including real time three-dimensional echocardiography , facilitate a comprehensive assessment of this condition and help in the decision-making process.
recent innovations in the percutaneous treatment of valvular diseases promise a revolution in the treatment of aortic stenosis especially in older adults.
the endocrinology of the aging male is complex , with multiple hormones along the ( hpt ) axis interacting with one another in feedback.
the importance of these changes is wide-ranging because of the ubiquitous role of sex hormones in male physiology.
this chapter discusses the endocrinology of the aging male.
the difficulties of assessing the symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism are highlighted.
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases , hypertension and type-2 diabetes , among other diseases.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , the most common neurodegenerative disease associated with aging , is still an incurable condition.
seladin-1 was considered a novel neuroprotective factor , because of its anti-apoptotic activity.
the amount of membrane cholesterol may play an important role both in protecting neuronal cells against toxic insults and in inhibiting the production of β-amyloid.
we also hypothesized that seladin-1 might be a mediator of the neuroprotective effects of estrogens.
in addition , these molecules significantly increased the expression of seladin-1 and the amount of cell cholesterol.
furthermore , we detected the presence of functionally active half-palindromic estrogen responsive elements upstream the coding region of the seladin-1 gene.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : neuroactive steroids : focus on human brain.
objective : telomeres and associated proteins are regulators of cellular survival , regeneration and aging.
ppar-γ agonists may mediate vascular effects in addition to insulin sensitizing.
we therefore examined whether pioglitazone regulates vascular telomere biology.
telomere repeat amplification protocols showed a 2-fold increase of aortic telomerase activity in the pioglitazone group.
western blots demonstrated reduced aortic expression of senescence markers p16 , cell-cycle checkpoint kinase @number@ and p53.
these regulatory mechanisms were independent of acute changes of telomere length.
telomerase activation by pioglitazone in cultivated cells was prevented by akt inhibitors.
mnc from pioglitazone-treated mice exhibited reduced apoptosis ( annexinv-facs ) .
in vivo , aortic endothelial apoptosis was potently prevented in pioglitazone-treated animals ( hairpin oligonucleotide assay ) .
both , up-regulation of telomere-regulating proteins and prevention of oxidative stress-induced aortic apoptosis , were absent in telomerase reverse transcriptase ( tert ) -deficient mice.
conclusions / interpretation : pioglitazone treatment up-regulates telomerase activity , telomere-stabilizing proteins and reduces senescence markers in vascular cells.
these effects and the reduction of lps-induced endothelial apoptosis by thiazolidinediones depend on tert.
the findings underscore the important role of telomere-regulating proteins for vascular cell function and survival.
background : iron deficiency anemia ( ida ) is a frequently encountered condition in clinical practice.
after conventional endoscopy , the cause of anemia remains unknown in up to @percent@ of patients.
design : consecutive patients with ida were enrolled prospectively.
setting : open-access endoscopy within an academic hospital.
intervention : patients with ida underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy plus ileoscopy.
endoscopy-negative patients were further blindly evaluated by both ct-enteroclysis and vce.
main outcome measurements : diagnostic yield of conventional endoscopy ; diagnostic yield of vce versus ct-enteroclysis.
results : endoscopy results were positive in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
ct-enteroclysis and vce allowed a diagnosis in @number@ of @number@ endoscopy-negative patients ( @percent@ ) .
overall , vce was superior to ct-enteroclysis ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ; p < .001 ) , in particular when flat lesions were found.
limitations : single-center study.
an accurate pain assessment is the foundation for treating pain ; yet , thorough pain assessments and regular reassessments are too often neglected.
older adults typically present with multiple pain etiologies , making it all the more imperative that a comprehensive assessment is conducted.
comprehensive assessments should include a detailed investigation of a patient's pain and medical history , a physical examination , and diagnostic testing , if needed.
both the impact of pain and its severity should be established by questioning about the presence of pain and using pain assessment instruments.
tools for pain assessment should be tested in older adult populations to establish reliability , validity , and sensitivity to changes from treatment.
self-report is the gold standard for assessing pain ; however , in many clinical circumstances with older adults , the patient's verbal report is unobtainable.
following an unsuccessful attempt at self-report from a nonverbal older adult , the potential causes of pain should be explored.
direct observation can then be used to identify behaviors suggestive of pain , and the patient's response to an analgesic trial can be observed.
a pain behavior tool can also provide useful information suggesting the presence of pain.
drugs without a strong evidence base and outside of recommendations are too often prescribed for older adults.
age-related physiological changes in distribution , metabolism , and elimination often alter the effects of pharmacotherapies in older adults.
both appropriate and inappropriate medications for older adults are detailed herein , as well as their contraindications and potential drug-drug or drug-disease interactions.
these parameters , along with a patient's comorbidities and concomitant medications , should be considered when selecting an analgesic and dose regimen.
in addition , practitioners should avoid prescribing multiple-drug therapies that have overlapping pharmacodynamics or that may have an adverse pharmacokinetic interaction.
a wide variety of dermatoses may arise in exposed areas and are at the same time induced or exacerbated by irradiation from the sun.
the spectrum may range from acute sunburn to chronic effects of sun damage , including elastosis and ultraviolet-induced skin cancer.
inflammatory ultraviolet-induced dermatoses have a confusing nomenclature and classification that often leads to difficulties in the differential diagnosis.
modern nosology differentiates primary from secondary photodermatoses.
primary photodermatoses are believed to be mainly irradiation-induced and immunologically mediated.
if the pathophysiology is not clearly defined , they are also called idiopathic.
in cases of a known photosensitizer , local and systemic phototoxic or photoallergic reactions can be differentiated.
finally , preexisting dermatoses may be exacerbated by irradiation from the sun , as in systemic lupus erythematosus or darier disease.
periorbital lesions are dermatologic manifestations affecting the area around the eyes , excluding the eyelids.
they can be classified according to their nature and morphology.
inflammatory lesions include erythematous and erythematous scaling , eczematous and urticarial lesions , vesicular and bullous lesions , and granulomatous lesions.
purpuras , infections , and infestations may be present as well.
benign and malignant tumors are common.
metabolic disorders include some rare entities , such as mucinosis and amyloidosis , but also commoner manifestations such as xanthelasma.
histiocytosis is rare but does occur in prevalent locations.
hair and pigmentary disorders are common , and aging-related damage is most visible in the periorbital area.
sarcopenia and weakness are known to precipitate risk for disability , comorbidity , and diminished independence among aging adults.
resistance exercise has been proposed as a viable intervention to elicit muscular adaptation and improve function.
however , the reported prevalence of resistance exercise participation among us adults aged > 50 years is very low.
this may be largely attributable to inconsistency in study results that fail to fully inform the clinical and public health community of its overall value.
these findings reflect and support the viability of progression in resistance exercise dosage to accommodate optimal muscular adaptive response.
progressive resistance exercise should thus be encouraged among healthy adults to minimize degenerative muscular function associated with aging.
a number of medical treatments for luts / bph exist , such as α-blockers , 5α-reductase inhibitors , phytotherapeutical drugs and combination therapies.
materials and methods : orbignya speciosa extract was obtained from the kernels , a nanoparticulate system was developed and acute toxicity test was performed.
the results also suggest the potential of nanoose as a candidate new phytotherapeutic agent on the management of bph.
forkhead box o regulation is principally achieved by two distinct mechanisms : post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions.
among several modifications of forkhead box o factors , we focus on reversible acetylation , describing past research and current advances.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : pi3k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
however , it has recently been suggested that possession of the ɛ4 allele may benefit cognition in early adulthood.
we tested this possibility in @number@ community-dwelling persons aged 20-24 , 40-44 , and 60-64 years using a comprehensive battery of cognitive measures.
older persons with possible dementia were also removed.
we found no evidence of higher cognitive performance in young ɛ4 carriers , or cognitive deficits in older ɛ4 carriers.
this did not change when a range of health variables were taken into account.
older adults regularly performing exercises during the 2-year study period were grouped into regular exercise group ; otherwise in the irregular exercise group.
baseline and follow-up assessments included a face-to-face interview and a battery of performance tests.
conclusion : regular exercise is important for maintaining or even improving mental and functional health , even for independent community-dwelling older adults.
aim : to examine the association between metabolic syndrome ( mets ) and renal function in older koreans.
in women , however , each component of mets with the exception of fasting glucose was not associated with renal function.
the odds ratios for mets were @number@ in men and @number@ in women after adjustment for confounding variables ; both were statistically significant.
the odds ratio of decreased renal function increased as the number of components of mets increased.
conclusion : the results of this study suggest that mets may be an independent risk factor for decreased renal function in older population as well.
in patients with malaria , parasitaemia is usually estimated by assuming @number@ white cell counts ( wcc ) per microlitre of blood.
the two methods produced comparable results.
despite the high prevalence of asthma in the elderly , its development , diagnosis , and treatment are under-researched.
asthma is under-diagnosed , and under-treated , in the elderly , further exacerbating these negative consequences.
the paper concludes with key recommendations for future research and practice in this area.
results showed that positive processing was negatively related to neuroticism and predicted well-being even after controlling for the average valence of past events.
additionally , differentiated processing of negative events but not positive events was positively related to openness and predictive of well-being.
finally , growth-related ar patterns independently predicted well-being beyond the effects of traits and demographic factors.
recently published data demonstrate major demographic changes and disease trends evolving in the asia-pacific.
these portentous developments will have far-reaching social and economic implications in terms of income security , social welfare and medical services.
the asia-pacific is first in rank in terms of the number of urban dwellers.
despite persisting levels of underweight in some countries in the asia-pacific , overweight and obesity have become endemic for almost the entire region.
hypertension , hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent.
the asia-pacific has the largest diabetes burden in the world.
a smoking epidemic is developing in the region.
as a consequence of these exacerbations in cardiovascular risk factors , already half of the world's cardiovascular burden occurs in the asia-pacific.
additionally , osteoporosis is becoming a serious public health issue in the asia-pacific and dementia is reaching epidemic proportions.
whether or not cognitive and mri changes represent stable attributes of bd or evolve with time is still matter of debate.
methods : neuropsychological evaluation concerned working memory , episodic memory , processing speed , and executive functions.
results : bd patients displayed significantly lower performances in processing speed and episodic memory but not in working memory and executive functions compared to controls.
however , bd patients did not differ from controls in the mean trajectory of cognitive changes during the @number@ years follow-up.
from this point of view , the present results convey a message of hope for patients suffering from bd.
the field of psychiatric genetics is hampered by the lack of a clear taxonomy for disorders.
building on the work of houseman and colleagues ( feature-specific penalized latent class analysis for genomic data.
class-specific penalization enhanced separation of latent classes with respect to covariates , but only in scenarios where there was a true separation.
penalization proved to be less computationally intensive than an analogous bayesian analysis by a factor of @number@
this methodology was then applied to data from normal elderly subjects from the cache county study on memory and aging.
this methodology may be useful in scenarios with large numbers of collinear covariates or in certain cases where latent class model assumptions are violated.
investigation of novel penalty functions may prove fruitful in further refining psychiatric phenotypes.
water is an integral part of collagen's triple helical and higher order structure.
in addition , an extended cylinder of hydration is thought to be responsible for collagen fiber assembly.
alterations in amide i and iii modes were consistent with anticipated changes in hydrogen bonding strength as rh increased and upon h → d exchange.
analysis of dvs isotherms provided a quantitative measure of adsorbed and absorbed water vapor consistent with the raman results.
subsequently , the performance of high-intensity exercise tasks , which rely heavily on the creatine-phosphocreatine energy system , is enhanced.
with aging and reduced physical activity , there are decreases in muscle creatine , muscle mass , bone density , and strength.
however , there is evidence that creatine ingestion may reverse these changes , and subsequently improve activities of daily living.
additionally , creatine supplementation plus resistance training results in a greater increase in bone mineral density than resistance training alone.
higher brain creatine is associated with improved neuropsychological performance , and recently , creatine supplementation has been shown to increase brain creatine and phosphocreatine.
creatine is an inexpensive and safe dietary supplement that has both peripheral and central effects.
this study examined adult age differences in reflexive orienting to two types of uninformative spatial cues : central arrows and peripheral onsets.
in experiment @number@ the cue remained present upon target onset.
facilitation effects at short cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies ( soas ) were prolonged in duration for the two older groups relative to the young adults.
in experiment @number@ the cue was presented briefly and removed prior to target onset.
the main risk factor for a number of diseases , including cancer , is aging.
although studies of dietary and growth factor restriction have been highly informative regarding the aging process , they are both unrealistic for human application.
recent preclinical results with a pharmacological prolongevity agent ( rapamycin ) provide a proof-of-concept that such an approach is feasible in human populations.
exactly how rapamycin works to extend lifespan is under increasingly intense investigation.
thus , the goal of this study was to estimate the excess direct and indirect costs of pd and ap in a national sample.
indirect costs , which included labor supply and social transfer payments , were based on income data derived from the coherent social statistics.
patients with pd and ap had significantly higher rates of health-related contact and medication use and a higher socioeconomic cost.
furthermore , they had very low employment rates , and those in employment had a lower income level than employed control subjects.
the employment- and health-related consequences could be identified up to @number@ years before the first diagnosis and increased with disease advancement.
pd and ap have major socioeconomic consequences for patients and society.
the health effects are present for up to more than @number@ years before a diagnosis of pd / ap.
maintaining genomic integrity is critical to avoid life-threatening disorders , such as premature aging , neurodegeneration and cancer.
a multiprotein cascade operates at sites of dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) to recognize , signal and repair damage.
there was a lack of associations between weight and cognition in women who remained stable or gained weight.
the only significant relationships observed were in association with weight loss ( p ≤ @number@ ) , most likely signaling incipient disease.
moreover , cognition was not related to changes in wc.
relationships were largely independent of initial bmi , self-reported caloric intake or dieting.
the lack of associations between weight gain and cognition in women is consistent with the existing literature.
introduction : acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding ( algib ) is a common event , which consumes considerable human and economic resources.
its incidence is expected to rise in the coming years due to an increasing aging population.
statistical analysis was carried out with spss @number@
sigmoidoscopy was the first endoscopic procedure performed in @percent@ of patients and rectal enema was the first method of bowel preparation in @percent@ of them.
endoscopic hemostasis was performed in @percent@ of all cases with efficacy ranging from @number@ to @percent@.
most frequent diagnoses were ischemic colitis ( @percent@ ) , diverticulosis ( @percent@ ) , and colorectal malignancies ( @percent@ ) .
surgery was needed in @percent@ of patients , and global mortality rate was @percent@.
conclusion : algib seems to occur frequently in portugal with a low mortality rate.
previous heparin use and in-hospital bleeding are associated with worse prognosis.
our management relies on early endoscopic examinations , which are highly available , safe , and accurate.
a successful endoscopic therapeutic approach was possible in one fifth of the patients.
human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase , slow mortality acceleration , and exceptional longevity-are often described as unique in the animal world.
these findings suggest that mortality patterns in primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than phylogenetic history.
context : the hormonal factors involved in the regulation of peak bone mass ( pbm ) in men have not been fully investigated.
design and setting : we recruited @number@ healthy male siblings aged 25-45 years in a cross-sectional , population-based study.
areal and volumetric bone parameters were determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pqct ) .
total and free thyroid hormones , tbg , and tsh were determined using immunoassays.
tbg was negatively associated with bmc and areal bmd at all sites.
no associations between tsh and dxa or pqct measurements were found.
rodents are often the species of choice to examine the effect of drugs on survival and on the progression of specific diseased tissues.
this statement is also true for research laboratories working in the field of nutrition and aging.
this review covers some of the chemicals believed to decelerate the appearance of age-related diseases in different rodent models.
our model also implies a relationship between growth rate and the general process of aging.
life-span predictions are supported by quantitative and qualitative empirical observations and offer theoretical frameworks for future experimental designs and data analyses.
hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder whose clinical symptoms and treatment outcome are correlated with patient age.
in wilkie et al.
( @number@ a theoretical study of the effect of intraventricular pulsations on the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus.
appl.
math.
j. biomech. , @number@ 1119-1126 ) .
the displacement of brain tissue under conditions representing the onset of hydrocephalus are then calculated.
( @number@ ) .
methods : transthoracic echocardiograms were acquired in @number@ healthy subjects ( @number@ children , @number@ young adults ) and were retrospectively analyzed.
longitudinal , circumferential , and radial peak systolic strain values were determined by means of speckle tracking.
nonlinear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of aging on these 2dste parameters.
results : there was a strong , statistically significant second-order polynomial relation ( p < @number@ ) between global peak systolic strain parameters and age.
global peak systolic strain values were lowest in the youngest and oldest age groups.
there is a need to use age-specific reference values for the adequate interpretation of 2dste measurements.
background : ageing is associated with geometrical changes in muscle fascicles that may lead to deteriorations in physical functions.
the purpose of this study was to study the effects of ageing on fibre orientation and strength of the lumbar extensor muscles.
the fibre angles at the mid-substance of the muscle were recorded.
lumbar extensor muscle strength was measured in the upright posture with a load cell.
both the fibre angle and the moment generation capability of the muscles decreased with ageing ( p < 0.01 ) .
interpretation : age-related changes in muscle geometry and posture may partly account for the deterioration in muscle function in the elderly.
background : ultrasonography has been widely applied for in vivo measurements of tendon mechanical properties.
assessments of human achilles tendon mechanical properties have received great interest.
achilles tendon injuries predominantly occur in the tendon region between the achilles-soleus myotendinous junction and achilles-calcaneus osteotendinous junction i.e. in the free achilles tendon.
however , there has been no adequate ultrasound based method for quantifying the mechanical properties of the free human achilles tendon.
methods : ten male subjects had the achilles tendon moment arm length , achilles tendon cross sectional area and free achilles tendon length determined.
all subjects performed isometric plantarflexion ramp contractions to assess between-day reproducibility on two separate days.
simultaneous ultrasonography based measurements of achilles-soleus myotendinous junction and achilles-calcaneus osteotendinous junction displacement together with achilles tendon force estimates yielded free achilles tendon mechanical properties.
for between-day reproducibility there were no significant differences between days for free achilles tendon mechanical properties.
last , osteotendinous junction proximal displacement on average contributed with @number@ ( sd @number@ ) % of proximal myotendinous junction displacement.
interpretation : this study , for the first time , presents an ultrasonography based in vivo method for measurement of free at mechanical properties.
the method is applicable for evaluation of free human achilles tendon mechanical properties in relation to training , injury and rehabilitation.
introduction : many older drivers self-restrict or avoid driving under high-risk conditions.
little is known about the onset of driving self-restrictions or how widespread self-restrictions are among drivers of all ages.
methods : the second injury control and risk survey ( icaris-2 ) was a nationwide cross-sectional , list-assisted random-digit-dial telephone survey from @number@ to @number@
national prevalence estimates and weighted percentages of those reporting driving self-restrictions were calculated.
multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations between specific self-restrictions and age group , adjusting for other personal characteristics.
results : more than half of all drivers reported at least one driving self-restriction.
we found that women , those in low income groups , and those who had driven low annual mileage were more likely to self-restrict.
driving self-restrictions may be better understood as a spectrum across ages in which drivers ' reasons for restriction change.
impact on industry : future research on the ability of driving self-restrictions to reduce actual crash risk and prevent injuries is needed.
setting : multicenter u.s. institutions participating in the life-p trial.
participants : four hundred twenty-four sedentary , noninstitutionalized adults aged @number@ to @number@
measurements : depressive symptoms were assessed using the ces-d.
results : of the participants , @percent@ had high depressive symptom scores ( ces-d ≥ @number@ ) .
conclusion : the presence of high depressive symptoms did not substantially diminish physical performance benefits realized after a pa intervention in sedentary older adults.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : in-home assessment for cognitive impairment and self-administered caregiving questionnaire.
participants : one hundred sixty-nine primary family caregivers of participants in the aging , demographics , and memory study ( adams ) .
adams participants were aged @number@ and older drawn from the nationally representative health and retirement study.
forty-four percent of dementia caregivers exhibited depressive symptoms , compared with @percent@ of cind caregivers ( p = .03 ) .
physical and emotional strains were similar in both groups of caregivers.
regardless of the strains , nearly all caregivers reported some benefits from providing care.
for those with dementia , behavioral problems predicted caregiver emotional strain ( p < .001 ) and depressive symptoms ( p = .01 ) .
conclusion : although support services are available to dementia caregivers , cind caregivers also expend considerable time and experience strains.
objectives : to examine the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms and risk of institutionalization and death.
design : analysis of longitudinal data.
setting : the aging , demographics , and memory study ( adams ) .
participants : five hundred thirty-seven adults aged @number@ and older with cognitive impairment drawn from the health and retirement study ( hrs ) .
a consensus panel in the adams assigned cognitive category.
caregiver distress mediated the association between delusions and agitation and institutionalization.
objectives : to examine the long-term effect of sentinel injury ( unintentional injury involving serious health-related consequences ) among older adults on medicare expenditures.
design : secondary data analysis of the medicare current beneficiary survey , a nationally representative survey of medicare beneficiaries.
setting : noninstitutionalized community dwellers.
measurements : monthly total medicare expenditures served as the dependent variable.
injury status ( preinjury , injury episode , postinjury ) was identified from medicare claims and specified as a set of dummy variables.
injury episodes began with the first index injury claim identified and ended when no further injury claims were found within @number@ days.
population-averaged models using generalized estimating equation techniques were estimated to explore changes in medicare expenditures over time after adjusting for casemix differences.
a case-crossover design was used to compare monthly medicare expenditures before and after sentinel injury events.
results : fifteen percent of beneficiaries sustained at least one sentinel injury.
additive medicare expenditures associated with sentinel injury over @number@ years were estimated at $ 28 , 885.
conclusion : consequences of sentinel injury in older adults extend well beyond the period typically considered to be an acute injury episode.
better understanding of the long-term consequences of injury-related outcomes is needed to achieve public health goals of reducing injury and improving injury-related medical care.
objective : to determine whether birth cohort or age was more strongly correlated with total and specific ige levels.
in addition , there were significantly higher ige levels in later birth cohorts ( p < @number@ ) .
on multivariate analysis , there were associations of total ige level and mite- and cedar-specific ige levels with both age and birth cohort.
however , there was no significant association between candida-specific ige antibody level and either age or birth cohort.
conclusions : the associations of total and specific ige levels with age and birth cohort were different.
methods : fluorimetric and spectrophotometric assays were performed in urine samples of @number@ healthy smokers and @number@ age-matched controls.
positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and ages was also found ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
however older women may be reluctant to sacrifice an often recently-gained lifestyle free of caregiving obligations.
older men , on the other hand , have a large pool of potential dating partners and do not face the same dilemma.
however , older adults were willing to travel substantially farther than younger adults to meet the right partner.
these findings paint a clear picture of older internet daters as eager to meet the right person , but not desperate to meet just anyone.
a purposive sample of @number@ fathers ( age 50-80 ) completed measures assessing ego development , generativity , and costs and rewards of fatherhood.
results indicate mixed support for the influence of paternal maturity on fathers ' perceptions of costs and rewards.
discussion centers on the utility of these concepts and the implications for continued research into the ongoing relationships between fathers and adult children.
non-spouse family members were more likely to be caring for women and unmarried individuals.
grandchildren and nieces / nephews provided care for older care recipients.
once an individual becomes a caregiver , the clinical experience of dementia caregiving is similar across caregiver types.
these findings have implications for clinical care and public policy.
the three main themes identified in the caregiver interviews were the experiences of caregivers , the rewards of caregiving , and navigating the caregiver role.
caregivers identified positively with the role of care provider and they did not describe it as burdensome nor did they describe role strain.
however , caregivers ' complaints of poor physical health might be construed as somatic expressions of strain.
the caregivers ' religiosity was salient to how they viewed and coped with their caregiver role.
in conclusion , culture appears to influence positively caregivers ' beliefs and perceptions of caregiving in belize.
we constructed structural brain networks composed of @number@ regions in young , middle , and old age groups.
we randomly selected @number@ healthy subjects for each group from a japanese magnetic resonance image database.
the small-world efficiency and node betweenness varied significantly and revealed a u- or inverted u-curve model tendency among three age groups.
results also demonstrated that structural brain networks exhibited a modular organization in which the connections between regions are much denser within modules than between them.
the modular organization of structural brain networks was similar between the young and middle age groups , but quite different from the old group.
in particular , the old group showed a notable decrease in the connector ratio and the intermodule connections.
the organization eventually altered greatly , shifting to a more localized organization in old age.
our findings provided quantitative insights into topological principles of structural brain networks and changes related to normal aging.
in addition , the possibility of variable brain-cognition relationships in the cae compared to the control group was investigated.
we leveraged available neuropsychological and autopsy data from @number@ cohort studies to investigate whether these loci are associated with cognitive decline and ad neuropathology.
we evaluated cr1 ( rs6656401 ) , clu ( rs11136000 ) , and picalm ( rs7110631 ) in @number@ subjects.
we evaluated associations between genotypes and rate of change in cognitive function as well as ad-related pathology.
lastly , we used pathway analysis to determine whether relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms and cognitive decline are mediated through ad pathology.
results : among our study cohort , the mean years of follow-up were @number@ for ros and @number@ for map.
more specifically , the locus affects the deposition of neuritic amyloid plaque ( p = @number@ ) .
in a mediation analysis , controlling for amyloid pathology strongly attenuated the effect of the cr1 locus on cognitive decline.
we therefore highlight @number@ functional consequence of the cr1 susceptibility allele and generalize the role of this locus to cognitive aging in the general population.
this study examined differences in the frequency of leisure activity participation and relationships to depressive symptom burden and cognition in latino and caucasian women.
compared to caucasian women , latinas were significantly more likely to be caregivers and used computers less often.
engaging in organized social activity was associated with fewer depressive symptoms in both groups.
listening to the radio was positively correlated with lower depressive symptom burden for latinas and better cognitive functioning in caucasians.
cognitive functioning was better in latinas who read and did puzzles.
housework was negatively associated with latinas ' emotional health and caucasians ' cognitive functioning.
latino and caucasian women participate in different patterns of leisure activities.
additionally , ethnicity significantly affects the relationship between leisure activities and both emotional and cognitive health.
this paper explores the suggestion that older people would be less tolerant to shift work.
field studies on age-shift work interaction effects on sleep , fatigue , performance , accidents and health were reviewed.
studies on age-shift ( morning , afternoon , night ) and age-shift system ( roster ) interactions were also reviewed.
in nine studies , shift and day workers were compared and interactions with age were addressed.
some interactions between age and shift type and shift system have been found , however.
in view of these , it is argued that age-specific aspects should be considered in shift work planning.
specifically , because of predominant age-related changes in the hippocampus , we expected to find larger age differences in recognition of between-domain than within-domain associations.
this dissociation is consistent with the idea that the hippocampus plays a prominent role in binding information received from distal neocortical regions.
the discussion focuses on the roles of recollection and familiarity in supporting associative memory as well as implications for the remediation of age-related memory decline.
measures of verbal fluency are widely used in the assessment of cognitive functioning of the elderly.
however , limited research has evaluated patterns ( across specific timed intervals ) of performance on tasks of language fluency in different forms of dementia.
normal controls produced significantly more exemplars and ad patients produced fewer animal names than the other groups.
after the first 15- second time interval , the demented groups produced significantly fewer exemplars than the non-demented.
at the end of @number@ seconds it was possible to differentiate normal aging from mci who no longer differed from the vad group.
overall , it appears that the greatest and most clinically meaningful differences between the diagnostic groups were detected in the first three 15-second intervals.
the present findings support the use of time intervals and total scores on tasks of verbal fluency in clinical settings and for research purposes.
this has been assigned to the known bioenergetic , anti-apoptotic , anti-excitotoxic and anti-oxidant properties of creatine.
the median healthy life span of creatine-fed mice was @percent@ higher than in their control littermates , and they performed significantly better in neurobehavioral tests.
expression profiling showed an upregulation of genes implicated in neuronal growth , neuroprotection , and learning.
these data showed that creatine improves health and longevity in mice.
creatine may , therefore , be a promising food supplement to promote healthy human aging.
the reasons for this translational gap are discussed.
one obvious cause seems to be that all previous human studies may have been underpowered.
large phase iii trials over long time periods are currently being conducted for parkinson's disease and huntington's disease , and will possibly solve this issue.
spatial and temporal characteristics of movement speed and shoulder rotation were collected over the initial approach phase and while crossing the doorway threshold.
shoulder angle at the door could be predicted , for larger aperture ratios , by both shoulder angle variability and lateral trunk variability.
this finding supports the dynamical scaling model ( snapp-childs and bingham in exp brain res 198 : 527-533 , @number@ ) .
in terms of movement adaptations , we have shown that children , like adults , spatially and temporally tailor their movements to aperture size.
methods : data on @number@ elderly were obtained from the survey on aging , health and well-being ( sabe ) , @number@
binary logistic regression analysis , stratified by gender was used.
with the exception of whr , in men , sf-h was positively and independently associated with other indicators.
over-expressed p16 resulted in early replicative senescence in glucose-restricted cells suggesting a crucial role of p16 regulation in gr-induced cellular lifespan extension.
the decreased expression of p16 was partly due to gr-induced chromatin remodeling through effects on histone acetylation and methylation of the p16 promoter.
gr resulted in an increased expression of sirt1 , a nad-dependent histone deacetylase , which has positive correlation with cr-induced longevity.
the elevated sirt1 was accompanied by enhanced activation of the akt / p70s6k1 signaling pathway in response to gr.
here we address this question in the framework of the emergence of shared linguistic categories in a population of individuals interacting through language games.
this aging mechanism exhibits striking quantitative analogies to what is observed in the statistical mechanics of glassy systems.
tissue iron deposited in ferritin molecules can be measured in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging utilizing the field-dependent relaxation rate increase ( fdri ) method.
three cognitive domains were assessed : verbal memory ( delayed recall ) , working memory / attention , and processing speed.
between-group interactions ( p = 0.006 ) were noted for both of these associations.
no significant associations with white matter or processing speed were observed.
combining genetic and mri biomarkers may provide opportunities to design primary prevention clinical trials that target high-risk groups.
from @number@ to @number@ the number of cancer survivors in the united states increased from @number@ million to @number@ million.
breast , prostate , and colorectal cancers were the most common types of cancer among survivors , accounting for @percent@ of diagnoses.
objective : the objective of this study is to explore the sensitivity to intermodal asynchrony in audiovisual speech with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss.
in the first experiment , the synchrony judgments were recorded for varying intermodal time differences in audiovisual sentence recordings.
results : similar to previous studies , a sensitivity window on the order of a few hundred milliseconds was observed with all listeners.
the average window shapes did not differ between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups ; however , there was large individual variability.
individual windows were quantified by gaussian curve fitting.
points of subjective simultaneity were also not correlated with speech intelligibility scores.
a moderate negative correlation that was significant at most conditions was observed between the full-width at half-maximum values and intelligibility scores.
the association between acl and cognitive function was examined for each diagnostic group ( hc , mci , ad ) .
results : a high acl within the hc group was associated with significantly slower response speeds for the stroop color and incongruent trials.
no other significant relationships between acl and cognition were noted.
conclusions : indoxyl sulfate downregulates klotho expression in kidneys through production of reactive oxygen species and activation of nf-κb in proximal tubular cells.
indoxyl sulfate may be involved in reduced renal expression of klotho in ckd.
the aim of the study was to determine whether plasma esrage is associated with ckd and is predictive of developing ckd in older adults.
results : at enrollment , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ckd.
mean ( sd ) plasma esrage was @number@ ( @number@ ) ng / ml.
conclusions : elevated plasma esrage is independently associated with ckd and is an independent predictor of incident ckd in older community-dwelling adults.
four homoplasmic and six heteroplasmic alterations were found to be novel.
among them , homoplasmic g6709a ( mt-co1 ) and g14804a ( mt-cyb ) alterations cause amino acid changes in the highly conserved residues.
heteroplasmic g1576a ( mt-rnr1 ) and g2975a ( mt-rnr2 ) alterations are expected to make the stem structure of mitochondrial ribosomal rnas unstable.
these nucleotide alterations are candidates that could play important roles in cancer.
oral administration of edible bird's nest extract ( ebne ) improved bone strength and calcium concentration in the femur of ovariectomized rats.
dermal thickness was also increased by ebne supplementation , whereas ebne administration did not affect the serum estradiol concentration.
these results suggest that ebne is effective for the improvement of bone loss and skin aging in postmenopause all women.
the werner syndrome protein ( wrn ) is a member of the human recq family dna helicases implicated in the maintenance of genome stability.
loss of wrn gives rise to the werner syndrome , a genetic disease characterised by premature aging and cancer predisposition.
there is a growing body of evidence that wrn accomplishes its task in close connection with the replication checkpoint.
our recent findings indicate that atr and atm modulate wrn function at defined steps of the response to replication fork arrest.
a mild reduction in mitochondrial respiration extends the life span of many species , including c. elegans.
we suggested that increased levels of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) produced in the respiration mutants increase hif-1 activity and lead to this longevity.
postprandial hypotension is an important problem , particularly in the elderly.
twelve subjects ( @number@ male , @number@ female ; ages 65-76 yr ) were studied on four separate occasions , in double-blind , randomized order.
the glp-1 response to g3 was much greater ( p < @number@ ) than to g2 and g1.
noradrenaline increased ( p < @number@ ) only during g3.
these observations have implications for the therapeutic strategies to manage postprandial hypotension by modulating gastric emptying.
these effects are dependent on hif-1 , which transactivates target genes encoding metabolic enzymes and membrane transporters.
bmdacs have a significant survival advantage under conditions of low o ( @number@ ) and low ph ex vivo and in ischemic tissue.
context : preclinical studies suggested the existence of a signaling pathway connecting bone and glucose metabolisms.
supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity , which in turn stimulates insulin and adiponectin secretion , and β-cell proliferation.
design : this was a cross-sectional analysis.
setting : the study was conducted with community-dwelling volunteers participating in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
the expected reciprocal relationship between different biomarkers was verified by structural equation modeling.
results : in linear regression models , leptin was strongly associated with indices of both insulin resistance and secretion.
both adiponectin and osteocalcin were negatively associated with insulin resistance.
conclusions : bone and glucose metabolisms are probably connected through a complex pathway that involves leptin , osteocalcin , and adiponectin.
the clinical relevance of such a pathway for bone pathology in diabetes should be further investigated.
the epstein barr virus oncogene lmp1 , the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein and the tumor suppressor p53 have recently emerged as biomarkers of the disease.
egfr / erbb1 expression is detected in the majority of npc tumors with advanced disease.
conversely , egfr , like bcl-2 and p53 , was significantly up-regulated in tumors from elderly patients.
analysis of all tumors showed that egfr expression was constantly ( @percent@ ) associated with high p53 nuclear accumulation and bcl-2 expression in lmp1-positive tissues.
objective : to determine whether sleep duration is associated with self-rated health and quality of life in adults residing in new south wales , australia.
methods : cross-sectional data from the @number@ and up study were used.
sleep duration , self-rated health , quality of life and other health-related variables were assessed using a self-report questionnaire.
multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine whether sleep duration predicted self-rated health and quality of life.
results : the sample included @number@ adults aged 45-95 years.
while cross-sectional , these results add weight to recent data emphasising the importance of adequate sleep in physical and mental health.
fatigue is a notable clinical problem in cancer survivors , and understanding its pathophysiology is important.
this study evaluated relationships between fatigue and both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity in breast cancer survivors.
women who reported more fatigue had significantly higher norepinephrine and lower hrv before and after the stressor than their less fatigued counterparts.
fatigue was not related to treatment or disease variables including treatment type , cancer stage , time since diagnosis , and time since treatment.
importantly , the relationship between hrv and cancer-related fatigue was sizeable.
different light-curing protocols were also evaluated.
methods : dc was evaluated with ftir-atr and shrinkage-strain with the bonded-disk method.
shrinkage-strain-rate data were obtained from numerical differentiation of shrinkage-strain data with respect to time.
color stability and transmittance were evaluated after different periods of artificial aging , according to iso 7491 : 2000.
results were evaluated with anova , tukey , and dunnett's t3 tests ( α = 0.05 ) .
results : studied properties were influenced by amines.
dc and shrinkage-strain were maximum at the sequence : cq < dept < dmpt≤cema≈dabe < dmaema.
both dc and shrinkage were also influenced by the curing protocol , with positive correlations between dc and shrinkage-strain and dc and shrinkage-strain rate.
materials generally decreased in l and increased in b .
the strong exception was the resin containing dmaema that did not show dark and yellow shifts.
color varied in the sequence : dmaema < dept < dmpt < cema < dabe.
transmittance varied in the sequence : dept≈dabe < dabe≈dmpt≈cema < dmpt≈cema≈dmaema , being more evident at the wavelength of 400nm.
no correlations between dc and optical properties were observed.
significance : the resin containing dmaema showed higher dc , shrinkage-strain , shrinkage-strain rate , and microhardness , in addition to better optical properties.
materials and methods : the functional qas and their constructed pqas were synthesized , characterized and formulated into the experimental high-strength cements.
compressive strength ( cs ) and streptococcus mutans viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the cements.
fuji ii lc cement was used as control.
the specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37°c for @number@ h prior to testing.
results : all the pqas-containing cements showed a significant antibacterial activity , accompanying with an initial cs reduction.
the effects of the chain length , loading and grafting ratio of the qas were significant.
increasing chain length , loading , grafting ratio significantly enhanced antibacterial activity but reduced the initial cs.
the experimental cement showed less cs reduction and higher antibacterial activity than fuji ii lc.
the long-term aging study suggests that the cements may have a long-lasting antibacterial function.
conclusions : this study developed a novel antibacterial glass-ionomer cement.
background : public policies aim to promote well-being , and ultimately the quality of later life.
positive perspectives of ageing are underpinned by a range of appraoches to successful ageing.
this study aimed to investigate whether baseline biological , psychological and social aproaches to successful ageing predicted future qol.
methods : postal follow-up in 2007 / 8 of a national random sample of @number@ people aged @number@ and over in 1999 / 2000.
of @number@ valid addresses of survivors at follow-up , the follow-up response rate was @percent@ ( @number@ ) .
measures of the different concepts of successful ageing were constructed using baseline indicators.
they were assessed for their ability to independently predict quality of life at follow-up.
results : few respondents achieved all good scores within each of the approaches to successful ageing.
each approach was associated with follow-up qol when their scores were analysed continuously.
in multiple regression analyses of the relative predictive ability of each approach , only the psychological approach ( perceived self-efficacy and optimism ) retained significance.
conclusion : only the psychological approach to successful ageing independently predicted qol at follow-up.
successful ageing is not only about the maintenance of health , but about maximising one's psychological resources , namely self-efficacy and resilience.
adding years to life and life to years may require two distinct and different approaches , one physical and the other psychological.
follow-up health status , number of supporters and social activities , and self-rated active ageing also significantly predicted qol at follow-up.
the longitudinal sample bias towards healthy survivors is likely to underestimate these results.
aging is associated with gradual decline of skeletal muscle strength and mass often leading to diminished muscle quality.
this phenomenon is known as sarcopenia and affects about @percent@ of the over 60-year-old population.
androgens act as anabolic agents regulating muscle mass and improving muscle performance.
the role of female sex steroids as well as the ability of skeletal muscle tissue to locally produce sex steroids has been less extensively studied.
the presence of steroidogenetic enzymes in muscle tissue indicates that the elevated postmenopausal steroid levels in skeletal muscle are because of local steroidogenesis.
the circulating sex steroids were associated with better muscle quality while the muscle concentrations reflected the amount of infiltrated fat within muscle tissue.
we conclude that systemically delivered and peripherally produced sex steroids have distinct roles in the regulation of neuromuscular characteristics during aging.
the foxo genes are homologues of daf-16 , a key regulator of the insulin-igf1 signaling pathway and a modulator of lifespan in caenorhabditis elegans.
recently , variants in foxo3a have consistently been associated with human longevity in various populations worldwide.
given this confirmed finding , it is conceivable that polymorphisms in the other foxo genes might have a similar effect on human longevity.
our results suggest that in germans , none of the three genes plays a significant role in the ability to reach old age.
dampening of insulin / insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf1 ) signaling results in the extension of lifespan in invertebrate as well as murine models.
the impact of this evolutionarily conserved pathway on the modulation of human lifespan remains unclear.
human chromosome ends associate with shelterin , a six-protein complex that protects telomeric dna from being recognized as sites of dna damage.
here we describe the characterization of ddx39 dead-box rna helicase as a novel trf2-interacting protein.
ddx39 is also found in association with catalytically competent telomerase in cell lysates through an interaction with htert but has no effect on telomerase activity.
furthermore , depletion of ddx39 induced dna-damage response foci at internal genome as well as telomeres as evidenced by telomere dysfunction-induced foci.
some of the metaphase chromosomes showed no telomeric signal at chromatid ends , suggesting an aberrant telomere structure.
aim : the objective of this study was to assess the effect of age on vascular reactivity in patients with type @number@ diabetes.
vasodilation test protocols should take into account the age of the subjects.
in addition to progressive dementia , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by increased incidence of seizure activity.
in this study , we review experimental data on the gabaergic system in the pathobiology of ad and discuss relevant therapeutic implications.
we examined relationship between nrc in snc and clinical parameters.
the nrc showed significant positive correlation with normal aging and was slightly but significantly higher in women than in men.
significant reduction in the nrc was found in pd as compared with @number@ age- and sex-matched normal volunteers.
the nrc in pd was negatively and significantly correlated with duration of illness and disease severity assessed by updrs and hoehn & yahr stage.
significant reduction of the nrc was demonstrated in patients with visual hallucinations as compare with patients without the symptoms.
rem sleep behavior disorder also contributed reduction of nrc although it did more mildly than visual hallucination.
anosmia or hyposmia had no statistical relationship with the amount of nrc in pd.
the overall visual inspection indicated that the reduction of the nrc in pd should start at the ventrolateral portion of snc and advance medially.
additionally , we studied dementia with lewy body disease ( dlb ) .
quantification and distribution of the nrc obtained by 3t mri was well correlated with pathological findings reported previously and clinical parameters in this study.
visualization and quantification of the nrc provide some parts of clinical and diagnostic information about pathologic condition of snc.
peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) becomes a significant health problem in japan , mostly because the rapid increase of aging and diabetic population.
intermittent claudication , rest pain , intractable foot ulcer and gangrene are the manifestations of pad patients.
diagnosis of pad is obtained by ankle brachial index.
in this chapter , basic diagnosis , different treatment modalities in patients with pad are described.
background : interventionist cardiologists are often reluctant to undertake pci in very elderly patients due to the perception of poor outcome in this high-risk cohort.
however , the prognostic significance of advanced age itself is not clear.
logistic regression-analysis identified independent predictors of unadjusted mortality and mace.
very elderly patients were propensity matched with younger patients ( 1 : 2 ratio ) , and the analysis repeated.
this cohort were more likely to present as an urgent or primary pci , underwent more complex interventions , and achieved less angiographic success.
renal , neurological , and access-site complications were all greater in the very elderly cohort.
conclusion : very elderly patients represent a high-risk cohort , with significantly increased in-hospital mortality and complication rates after pci.
death occurred predominantly in very elderly patients undergoing nonelective pci.
it remains unclear whether men show similar life history strategy in shape.
the objectives of this study were to investigate associations between shape , age , and number of offspring in both men and women from thailand.
in those without children , aging was associated with greater upper body girths and reduced lower body girths , in both sexes.
such strategy may reflect age-changes in the relative costs and benefits of different regional tissue masses.
changes in fat distribution related to aging and reproduction may contribute to the life-course development of cardiovascular risk.
objective : to examine the relation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) to cognitive domains in older community-dwelling persons with and without dementia.
no associations of mild-to-moderate caa with cognition were found.
dementia did not modify these findings.
interpretation : caa pathology is very common in older community-dwelling persons and is associated with ad pathology.
we sought to investigate the association between medi and mri infarcts.
participants were divided into @number@ groups of adherence to medi ( low , middle , and high tertiles ) .
we examined the association of increasing adherence to medi with presence of infarcts on mri.
models were run without adjustment , adjusted for basic demographic and clinical factors , and adjusted for vascular risk factors.
results : a total of @number@ participants had at least @number@ infarct.
in adjusted models , the association between medi adherence and mri infarcts remained essentially unchanged.
there was no association between medi and white matter hyperintensities.
interpretation : higher adherence to the medi is associated with reduced cerebrovascular disease burden.
the androgen receptor ( ar ) plays a critical role in the development and the progression of prostate cancer.
octamer transcription factor @number@ ( @date@ is a ubiquitous member of the pou-homeodomain family that functions as a coregulator of ar.
in our study , the contribution of @date@ to prostate cancer development was examined.
immunocytochemistry analysis showed that @date@ is expressed in the nuclei of lncap cells. sirna-mediated silencing of @date@ expression inhibited lncap cell proliferation.
multivariate hazard analysis revealed a significant correlation between high @date@ immunoreactivity and poor cancer-specific survival ( p = @number@ ) .
the ongoing demographic development creates distinctive challenges for the management of hospitals.
due to the demographic change hospitals will be more and more dependent on the work ability and performance of an aging workforce.
therefore , age-specific work design and interventions are inevitable to create a work environment that sustainably promotes health and well-being.
age-specific analyses show that correlations between working conditions , health , and turnover intention differ substantially across the age groups.
from the results an exemplary approach for the analysis and management of demography-related challenges for hospital employees has been deduced.
in earlier studies it was shown that the ne can be explained by a single independent component.
methodology / principal findings : two age groups conducted two tasks with different stimulus response mappings and task difficulty.
both groups received fully balanced speed or accuracy instructions and an individually adapted deadline in both tasks.
the ne was examined by means of ica and pca , yielding a prominent independent component on error trials , the ne-ic.
the ne-ic was smaller in the older than the younger subjects for both speed and accuracy instructions.
also , the ne-ic contributed to a much lesser extent to the ne in older than in younger subjects.
rt distribution parameters were not related to ne / erp-variability.
this reduction is not reflected in behaviour , apart from a general slowing of older participants.
also , the ne decline in the elderly is not due to speed accuracy trade-off.
methods : one hundred and forty-five sporadic age-related cataract patients and one hundred and fifty-six unrelated random healthy controls participated in this study.
genomic dna was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.
all exons of gja3 , gja8 , and lim2 were sequenced after being amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) .
the functional consequences of the mutations were analyzed using polyphen.
results : we found five novel variations in @number@ patients and none of them presented in the @number@ controls.
there are two variations in gja3 ( c.-39c > g , c.
415g > a ) ; one in gja8 ( c.
823g > a ) , and two in lim2 ( c.57g > a , c.67a > c ) .
polyphen predicted that the lim2 c.67a > c mutation may have potential pathogenicity.
conclusions : the genetic mutation in gja3 , gja8 , and lim2 may slightly contribute to the development of age-related cataracts.
this study showed a potential relationship between lens fiber cell membrane protein genes and the development of age-related cataracts in the chinese population.
design : cross-sectional study.
subjects : overweight and obese subjects ( n = 1225 ) were evaluated at baseline in five weight loss clinics in southeastern spain.
methods : behavioural data were assessed using a checklist of weight loss obstacles.
logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk of a specific behaviour associated with apoa2 genotype.
relationships between apoa2 genotype and saturated fat intakes for anthropometric traits and plasma ghrelin were evaluated by analysis of variance.
conclusions : apoa2 m265 genotype may be associated with eating behaviours and dietary modulation of plasma ghrelin.
purpose : x-linked retinoschisis ( xlrs ) is one of the most common causes of macular degeneration in young men.
optical coherence tomography was used to measure macular thickness and to evaluate xlrs-related structural changes.
correlation analyses between the findings and patients ' age and visual acuity were performed.
results : mean visual acuity was 20 / 100 ( range , 20 / 40 to 20 / 400 ) .
there were no correlations between visual acuity and age or macular thickness.
however , there was a significant decrease in macular thickness with age ( p < @number@ ) .
eyes with posterior vitreous detachment had significantly decreased central foveal thickness ( p < @number@ ) .
these findings were significantly correlated with age.
conclusion : optical coherence tomography revealed various retinal morphologic changes associated with xlrs.
these changes were correlated with age but not with visual acuity.
younger patients showed cystic retinal elevation , whereas older patients showed collapsed retinoschisis with retinal thinning.
hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia accelerate both aging and cancer.
antidiabetic biguanides such as metformin decrease glucose , insulin and igf-1 level.
metformin increases lifespan and prevents cancer in mice , although its effects vary , depending on mice strain and gender.
surprisingly , metformin did not affect levels of serum cholesterol , triglycerides , glucose and insulin.
treatment with metformin started at the age of @number@ months increased mean life span by @percent@ and maximum life span by @number@ month.
when started at the age of @number@ and @number@ months , metformin delayed the first tumor detection by @percent@ and @percent@ , correspondingly.
in contrast , metformin improves reproductive function when started at any age.
quiet standing and walking are generally considered to be an automatic process regulated by sensory feedback.
the descending control system of bipedal upright posture and gait may have a functional link to cognitive domains.
increasing dependence on the descending control system with aging may play a role in falls in elderly people.
purpose : to compare the effects of the tongue-hold swallowing maneuver on pharyngeal pressure generation in healthy young and elderly research volunteers.
results : at both pharyngeal levels , tongue-hold swallows produced lower peak pressure compared with saliva swallows.
during tongue-hold swallows , ues relaxation pressure was increased in the elders , whereas the younger group displayed a trend toward reduced relaxation pressure.
elderly individuals produced pressure longer during control swallows in the oropharynx and hypopharynx than young individuals.
reduced pharyngeal peak pressure and increased ues relaxation pressure underscore the notion that tongue-hold swallows should not be performed when bolus is present.
long-term training effects remain to be investigated.
cellular senescence has emerged as a biological response to two major pathophysiological states of our being : cancer and aging.
in the course of the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell , senescence is frequently induced to suppress tumor development.
in aged individuals , senescence is found in cells that have exhausted their replication potential.
the similarity in these responses suggests that understanding how senescence is mediated can provide insight into both cancer and aging.
one environmental factor that is implicated in both of these states is tissue hypoxia , which increases with aging and can inhibit senescence.
we investigated age-related ebv ( + ) b-cell lymphoproliferations in the western population.
interphase fish for ig and pax5 gene rearrangements was performed on @number@ cases of dlbcl.
sixteen of @number@ cases of polymorphic extranodal lpd were classified as ebv ( + ) mucocutaneous ulcer.
all groups showed restricted / clonal t-cell receptor responses ( 27%-70% ) .
by fish , @percent@ of dlbcls showed igh@ rearrangements , but pax5 was unaffected.
age-related ebv ( + ) b-cell lpd encompasses a wider disease spectrum than previously recognized and includes both reactive and neoplastic conditions.
reduction in the t-cell repertoire may contribute to decreased immune surveillance.
studies show that ambient temperature and air pollution are associated with cardiovascular disease and that they may interact to affect cardiovascular events.
however , few epidemiologic studies have examined mechanisms through which ambient temperature may influence cardiovascular function.
the population was a cohort of @number@ older men examined between @number@ and @number@
recent studies suggest that chronic psychological stress may accelerate aging at the cellular level.
telomeres are protective components that stabilize the ends of chromosomes and modulate cellular aging.
women exposed to intimate partner violence ( ipv ) experience chronic stress and report worse health.
the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine telomeric dna length in women who have experienced chronic stress related to ipv.
we hypothesized that ipv exposure would be associated with shorter telomere length.
advertisements and public notices were used to recruit a convenience sample of healthy women.
telomere length was significantly shorter in the @number@ formerly abused women compared to the @number@ controls ( t = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
numerous studies suggest that women who experience ipv have poorer overall health.
it is often presumed that the stress of ipv may be causing greater morbidity.
background : objective measures are needed to quantify dietary adherence during caloric restriction ( cr ) while participants are freeliving.
one method to monitor adherence is to compare observed weight loss to the expected weight loss during a prescribed level of cr.
these normograms can then be used by counselors to help the participant adhere to their caloric target.
( @number@ ) to utilize these models to develop normograms , given the level of caloric restriction prescribed , and measures of these variables.
bodyweight was modeled to determine the predictors and distribution of the expected trajectory of percent weight change over @number@ months of cr.
results : as expected , cr was related to change in body weight.
using these estimates , normograms for the weight change were developed.
limitations : there are several limitations.
displayed on a normogram , individually tailored trajectories can be used by counselors and participants to monitor weight loss and adherence to a cr regimen.
background : the shapes of the eyebrow and upper eyelid are distinctive facial landmarks.
in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures , maintenance of the anatomical relations of these landmarks ensures a pleasing postoperative appearance.
objectives : the authors establish normal values for eyelid anthropometry in an indian population.
all patients were photographed from a frontal view , with measurements taken from these photographs.
all measured values were analyzed by independent t-test.
conclusions : the anatomy of the indian population is distinct in that the palpebral fissure in men is less than that in women.
background : dna methylation is a potential pathway linking environmental exposures to disease.
we examined multiple exposure windows ( 1-6 months ) before dna methylation measurement.
we investigated whether this association was modified by genotype and phenotype.
an iqr increase in so₄ over a 90-day period was associated with a decrease of @percent@ 5mc ( @number@ @date@ % ) in line-1.
the glutathione s-transferase mu-1-null genotype strengthened the association between bc and alu hypomethylation.
conclusion : prolonged exposure to bc and so₄ particles was associated with hypomethylation of two types of repetitive elements.
t cell receptor ( tcr ) diversity is critical for adaptive immunity.
existing methods for measuring such diversity are qualitative , expensive , and / or of uncertain accuracy.
compared to next generation sequencing , this method is rapid , reproducible , and affordable.
diversity of a sample is calculated based on three independent measurements of one vβ-jβ family of tcr rearrangements at a time.
the percentage of receptors using the given vβ gene is determined by flow cytometric analysis of t cells stained with anti-vβ family antibodies.
the percentage of receptors using the vβ gene in combination with the chosen jβ gene is determined by quantitative pcr.
these three component measurements are reproducible and linear.
folate metabolism is essential for cellular functioning.
methods : data were collected from community-dwelling japanese adults aged 40-84 years who participated in the longitudinal study of aging biennially between @number@ and @number@
we analyzed cumulative data ( @number@ samples in accumulated total ) using generalized estimating equations.
the interactive effect of gene polymorphisms associated with folate metabolism may modify the risk of developing hearing impairment after middle age.
these results contribute to the elucidation of the causes of arhi.
astrocytes secrete growth factors that are both neuroprotective and supportive for the local environment.
normal aging is accompanied by a decline in cns function and reduced neurogenesis.
we asked whether a decreased availability of astrocyte-derived factors may contribute to the age-related decline in neurogenesis.
vegf expression is lost once nscs commit to a neuronal fate , but flk-1-mediated sensitivity to vegf signaling is maintained.
however , there is accumulating evidence that hscs are themselves subject to quantitative and qualitative exhaustion.
we furthermore report that functional heterogeneity between young and old hscs appears closely similar to the phenomena described for long- and short-term repopulating cells.
the female cardioprotective advantage , present in mammals of a reproductively competent age , is lost during the transition to a postreproductive state.
previously , we reported that postreproductive-aged mice that received young ovaries displayed an increased life span.
subsequent histopathological analysis suggested the presence of a cardioprotective effect associated with the restoration of ovarian influence.
this observation reflects the importance of timing in restoration of ovarian influence in this study.
background : transfusion of blood components may increase the risk of complications in relation to surgery.
during storage , red blood cells ( rbcs ) undergo structural and functional changes that may reduce function and viability after transfusion.
study design and methods : ten units of rbcs were stored for @number@ days.
samples were collected from the units at storage days @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
a significant change in at levels could not be shown ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : rbcs displayed significant changes in all measured indices of oxidative and inflammatory stress during a storage period of @number@ days except for at.
the data suggest a possible rationale behind the observation that aging blood products may increase the risk of complications following surgery and blood transfusion.
study sample : a group of @number@ older adults ( mean age = @number@ years ) with normal hearing or minimal hearing loss participated.
conclusion : older adults appeared to recruit later-occurring t-complex-like generators for gap processing , compared to earlier-occurring t-complex-like generators by the younger group.
hydroxyl radical is a short-lived radical which is considered very aggressive due to its high reactivity toward biological molecules.
the response of the coner nanoprobe was dependent on various parameters such as reaction time and nanoparticle concentration.
furthermore , the coner nanoprobe was used to detect hydroxyl radicals in vitro using viable breast cancer cells exposed to oxidative stress.
the results suggest that this nanoprobe represents a promising approach for detection of hydroxyl radicals in biological systems.
background : dispositional optimism , defined as a generalized tendency to positive outcome expectancies , is associated with well-being and successful aging.
however , it remains unclear whether optimism is also correlated to less feelings of loneliness over time.
we aimed to determine whether dispositional optimism is prospectively associated with less feelings of loneliness , independently of potential confounders inherent to the aging process.
baseline dispositional optimism was assessed using a four-item questionnaire.
results : feelings of loneliness significantly increased during @number@ years of follow-up but showed temporal stability ( reliability coefficient @number@ ) .
low baseline dispositional optimism was strongly associated with loneliness over time , also in the adjusted analysis.
conclusions : dispositional optimism is correlated to lower feelings of loneliness over time in older men , independently of depression or changes in social network.
chronological lifespan ( cls ) is defined as the duration of quiescence in which normal cells retain the capacity to reenter the proliferative cycle.
quiescent nhfs cultured for a long duration ( 30-60 days ) lose their capacity to repopulate.
approximately @percent@ of these cells exit the cell cycle permanently ; a significant increase in the doubling time of the cell population was observed.
cls was extended in quiescent nhfs that were cultured in the presence of ht for 30-60 days.
quiescent nhfs overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant form of mnsod failed to extend cls.
ht suppressed age-associated increase in mitochondrial ros levels.
these results demonstrate that ht extends cls by increasing mnsod activity and decreasing age-associated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation.
materials and methods : two hundred patients at steady-state on long-term perhexiline were identified retrospectively.
a mann-whitney u test was performed to determine if severe left ventricular systolic impairment affected maintenance dose.
results : advanced age , left ventricular systolic impairment , and renal impairment were frequently encountered.
mann-whitney u analysis showed no difference between dose : [ px ] among patients with lvef of less than @percent@ versus @percent@ or greater.
discussion : perhexiline has become a \ "last-line \ " agent for refractory angina as a result of complex pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity.
use has increased predictably in the aged and infirm who have exhausted standard medical and surgical therapeutic options.
beyond genotype , the effect of patient characteristics on maintenance dose has not been explored in detail.
in this study , dose requirement declined with age in a frail and wasting population as a result of weight-related pharmacokinetic factors.
lvef had no apparent effect on maintenance dose and should not be considered a contraindication to use.
mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are thought to play important roles in mammalian aging.
resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol that exerts diverse antiaging activities , mimicking some of the molecular and functional effects of dietary restriction.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is histopathologically characterized by the presence of senile plaques , neurofibrillary tangles , and synapse loss.
ad is associated with elevated levels of oxidative damage in brain and peripheral lymphocytes.
biomarkers are desperately needed for earlier diagnosis of ad and to monitor efficacy of new therapies.
context : the social environment may influence cognitive function in aging.
however , to our knowledge , no studies have investigated whether specific genes modify this association.
objective : to examine whether the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele modifies the association of neighborhood psychosocial hazards and cognitive function.
design : a cross-sectional analysis.
setting : the baltimore memory study , a population-based sample of older urban residents.
participants : one thousand one hundred forty urban residents aged @number@ to @number@ years at baseline.
suggestive evidence was also found for eye-hand coordination ( p = @number@ ) .
in this study , we show that dmn functional connectivity ( fc ) during rest is altered with increasing levels of pib uptake in nc.
objective : to evaluate whether alcohol drinking influences emergency room ( er ) visits or hospital admissions among adults aged @number@ and older.
the authors distinguish between er visits linked to a hospital admission for that individual and er visits not linked to an admission.
results : the authors find no significant effects of alcohol consumption on either er visits or hospital admissions among older adults.
these findings occur in both data sets , and for both men and women.
distinguishing between different types of er visits makes no difference.
intensive volunteering was defined as service done on a 24-hr a day basis at a location away from home.
design and methods : in-depth interviews were conducted by phone or in person with each participant.
couples serving together were interviewed conjointly.
data were analyzed using mccracken's 5-step process for long interviews.
results : participants described and resolved many challenges including adjustment to new situations and cultures , work-related challenges , and readjustment to home.
implications : because of population aging and social service organizational contraction , humanitarian service organizations may rely more on older volunteers to fulfill their goals.
today , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is one of the most important age-related neurodegenerative diseases , but its etiology remains still unknown.
selective protein oxidation may cause protein damage , or protein mutations may induce a dysfunction of the proteasome.
such events eventually lead to activation of cell death pathways and to an aberrant aggregation or incorporation of ubiquitinated proteins into hallmark structures.
aggresome formation is also observed in other neurodegenerative diseases , suggesting that an activation of similar mechanisms must occur in neurodegeneration as a basic phenomenon.
design : systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
data sources : the cochrane central register of controlled trials , pubmed ( medline ) , embase , cinahl , pedro and scholar-google.
the primary outcomes were measures of functional outcomes ; secondary outcomes were balance , gait , strength , power , muscle volume and adverse effects.
results : eleven trials were identified involving @number@ subjects.
the pooled effect from three studies for self-reported function was @number@ in favour of power training ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusion : power training is feasible for elderly persons and has a small advantage over strength training for functional outcomes.
no firm conclusion can be made for safety.
aim : reports of the outcomes of syncope assessment across a broad spectrum of ages in a single population are scarce.
it is our objective to chart the varying prevalence of orthostatic and neurocardiogenic syncope ( ncs ) as a patient ages.
methods : this was a retrospective study.
all consecutive patients referred to a tertiary referral syncope unit over a decade were included.
patients were referred with recurrent falls or orthostatic intolerance.
tilt tests and carotid sinus massage ( csm ) were performed in accordance with best practice guidelines.
ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years with a median ( iqr ) of @number@ ( 62-81 ) years.
there were @number@ females ; @number@ males.
orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) was the most commonly observed abnormality ( test positivity of @percent@ ) .
those with oh had a median ( iqr ) age of @number@ ( 71-83 ) years.
symptomatic patients were significantly younger than asymptomatic ( p = @number@ ) .
ncs demonstrated a bimodal age distribution.
of @number@ patients with carotid sinus hypersensitivity , the median age ( iqr ) was @number@ ( 68-82 ) years.
those with vasovagal syncope ( n = @number@ ) had a median ( iqr ) age of @number@ ( 19-44 ) years.
there were @number@ patients with isolated postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
of the total patients , @percent@ were female.
they had a median ( iqr ) age of @number@ ( 17-29 ) years.
conclusion : we have confirmed , in a single population , a changing pattern in the aetiology of syncope as a person ages.
the burden of disease is greatest in the elderly.
lens transparency , or the magnitude of cataract severity , is a potential in vivo marker of aging distinguishable from diagnosed cataract.
ltl was unassociated with clinical cataract outcomes.
lens transparency might be associated with longer ltl in community-dwelling older adults and should be investigated further as a possible biomarker of aging.
background : to examine the impact of educational attainment on the incidence of preclinical mobility disability ( pcd ) .
we measured the association of highest attained education level with preclinical mobility disability ( pcd ) over an 11-year period.
pcd is defined as self-reported modification in any of four tasks without reporting difficulty in those tasks.
the tasks were walking ½ mile , climbing up steps , doing heavy housework , and getting in / out of bed or chair.
conclusions : lower education level is an independent predictor of incident preclinical mobility disability.
this association has important implications for primary and secondary prevention and can be easily assessed in clinical encounters.
methods : a nationally representative , swedish , level of living survey from @number@ was used as baseline.
the study included those aged 25-69 at baseline ( n = @number@ ) .
social conditions in childhood and adulthood were assessed using self-reports.
these individuals were then followed for @number@ years using registry data on mortality.
results : the results showed associations between childhood living conditions , marital status , social class in adulthood and mortality during mid life.
the effects of childhood conditions were , in part , both mediated and modified by social class in adulthood.
objective : muc1 is primarily involved in the protection of epithelial surfaces.
decreases in oral mucosal defence can be a predisposing factor for the development of oral mucosal diseases in the elderly.
the aim of this study was to compare muc1 expression level in oral mucosal epithelial cells of the elderly with that of young adults.
precipitates of stimulated whole saliva were used for the evaluation of muc1 expression using real-time pcr.
clarified supernatants were used for the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines , il-1β , il-6 , and tnf-α.
psychopharmacological manipulations using cholinergic agonists and antagonists have been consistent in replicating patterns of aging seen in functional imaging studies.
thus , the cholinergic hypothesis of age-related cognitive dysfunction deserves further consideration as new methodologies for evaluating its validity are increasingly being used.
future directions for testing hypotheses generated from this model are presented.
although developmental dyslexia is often referred to as a cross-modal disturbance , tests of different modalities using the same stimuli are lacking.
our previous study reported that cathepsin l may contribute to the death of dopaminergic neurons in rodent model of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
in this study we detected the changes in the expression of lysosomal cathepsin l in cellular models of pd.
6-ohda-induced iκb-α degradation , nf-κb p65 nuclear translocation , p53 and puma expression were partially blocked by z-fy ( t-bu ) -dmk.
in addition , z-fy ( t-bu ) - dmk modulated the bcl-2 family levels , and suppressed caspase-3 activation.
these data indicate that cathepsin l may be involved in 6-ohda-induced apoptosis and parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
the study group consisted of thirty-two patients with compensated child a-c , hcv-related cirrhosis.
the patients were supplemented for @number@ months with 6g / day of a certified fermented papaya preparation ( fpp ) .
fifteen unsupplemented , age / gender-matched healthy subjects served as controls.
moreover , isolated monocytes were tested for ex-vivo lps-stimulated tnf-alpha production and tnf-alpha mrna.
as compared to control , patients with liver cirrhosis showed a significantly higher serum level of trx.
a significant correlation occurred with gsh / gssg ratio in child b and c patients.
fpp supplementation brought about a significant reduction of trx with levels comparable to the ones of healthy controls.
supplementation with fpp did not modify alpha-tocopherol depletion but significantly improved redox balance parameters.
supplementation with fpp significantly , although partially , downregulated tnf-alpha production from monocytes.
purpose : individuals with developmental disabilities have poor eating habits and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease , obesity , and osteoporosis.
needs and preferences for a nutrition education and foods skills program were explored in adults with developmental disabilities , agency managers , and support workers.
concurrent data collection and analysis , data saturation , and a constant comparative method guided the research.
results : all participants indicated a need for nutrition education and cooking programs for this population.
individuals with developmental disabilities also expressed feelings of self-efficacy in learning to cook healthy food.
conclusions : there is a strong interest in and need for nutrition education and food skills programs for adults with developmental disabilities.
the collaboration of multiple community partners in program implementation and delivery is essential.
the facial skin of @number@ women , aged 18-80 , living in shanghai , was investigated over two successive 6-month periods , summer and winter.
results from clinical assessments indicate that aging signs , such as wrinkling and sagging , are unaffected over such period.
the relationships between all criteria , as well as technical or applied inferences / consequences from this study , are discussed.
sleep was assessed in @number@ children via actigraphy and parent-report sleep diaries for @number@ consecutive days on @number@ separate occasions over @number@ months.
children with developmental disabilities napped more like children in the typically developing group , who were , on average , @number@ months younger.
each group displayed an expected shift in daytime sleep as more children matured out of their naps.
this research evaluated the effectiveness of reading instruction targeting oral reading and phonological awareness for children with down syndrome ( affecting chromosome @number@ ) .
the participants were @number@ children ranging in age from @number@ years , @number@ months to @number@ years , @number@ months.
the intervention was conducted over @number@ weekly sessions and involved individual instruction.
the postintervention assessment results provided evidence that phonic reading instruction was generally effective in improving reading skills and phonological awareness of children with down syndrome.
objective : to determine whether socioemotional disinhibition and executive dysfunction are related to dissociable patterns of brain atrophy in neurodegenerative disease.
method : subjects included @number@ patients with neurodegenerative disease.
a semiautomated parcellation program ( freesurfer ) was used to generate regional cortical volumes from structural mri scans.
socioemotional disinhibition was measured using the neuropsychiatric inventory.
ofc was the only brain region to significantly predict disinhibition , and mfg significantly predicted ef performance.
a multivariate general linear model demonstrated a significant interaction between rois and cognitive-behavioral functions.
conclusions : these results support a specific association between orbitofrontal areas and behavioral management as compared with dorsolateral areas and ef.
the goal of the present study was to identify the cognitive components underlying fluency performance.
performance was assessed in terms of number of items generated , clustering , and the time course of output.
the exception was the action fluency task , where adults with parkinson's disease performed most poorly.
the time course of fluency performance was characterized in terms of slope and intercept parameters and related to neuropsychological constructs.
speed of processing was found to be the best predictor of performance , rather than the efficiency of ef or semantic knowledge.
conclusions : together , these findings demonstrate that the pattern of fluency performance looks generally the same regardless of how performance is measured.
the aging eye appears to be at considerable risk from oxidative stress.
the membrane-bound phospholipid ( pl ) hydroperoxides escape detoxification by the lens enzymatic reduction.
arterial responses to diverse pathologies and insults likely occur via similar mechanisms.
our aim is to show computationally how these coupled effects can impact evolving aortic geometry and mechanical behavior.
we would expect this developmental program to be regulated by a set of interacting protein networks that connect environmental and molecular signals.
however , the connection between aging and development is not clear.
late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly.
this cohort represents the largest family-based gwas of load to date , with analyses limited here to the european-american subjects.
association in this gene was replicated in an independent sample consisting of three cohorts.
we suggest that similar adjustments may also be needed for many other large multi-site studies.
its formation was followed up from the age of @number@ year till 3-5 years.
pneumatization of the sphenoidal sinus was evaluated.
despite advances in their clinical and molecular characterizations , few therapeutic approaches exist for these diseases.
resveratrol ( rsv ) is a natural polyphenol extensively studied for its potential health benefits.
the correction of fao flux correlated with a marked increase in mutant cpt2 or vlcad protein level , in cells treated by rsv.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most frequent cause of dementia.
for this reason , a simple , reliable , and inexpensive method of early ad detection is urgently required.
the location of neuropathological changes in ad patients indicates the potential diagnostic utility of olfactory tests.
the purpose of this study was to compare odor identification performance among polish subjects and to define the correlation between olfactory deficits and cognitive impairment.
olfactory identification performance was established in ad patients , and young and elderly healthy subjects using the pocket smell test.
ad assessment scale , the cognitive subscale , was used to evaluate cognitive functioning in the elderly participants.
compared with young subjects , the elderly individuals exhibited a diminished capacity to identify odors.
ad patients also identified significantly fewer odors than healthy participants of the same age.
in both the ad patients and the elderly control group , odor identification ability correlated with performance in cognitive tests.
it may be concluded that deficits in olfactory identification occur in ad and may be valuable as an indicator of this condition.
this normal exercise-induced reduction in e ( a ) / e ( lv ) decreases with advancing age.
we hypothesized that sodium nitroprusside ( snp ) can acutely ameliorate the age-associated deficits in e ( a ) / e ( lv ) .
mild parkinsonian signs ( mps ) may represent the mild end of a disease spectrum that spans from normal aging to neurodegenerative diseases.
we conducted a population-based study in a rural island town in western japan , ama-cho.
participants included @number@ subjects , aged @number@ years and older , residing in the town.
participants were classified according to a modified unified parkinson's disease rating scale ( mupdrs ) score.
subjects wore a uniaxial accelerometer ( actiwatch ) , resulting in the measurement of actigraphic activity counts ( ac ) .
of the @number@ participants with complete data , @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) were classified as demonstrating mps.
ac was significantly lower in the mps-severe group compared with both the ctl and the mps-mild groups.
we established the prevalence of mps in a community-dwelling elderly population sample in japan.
actigraphy may be a useful objective tool for screening mps-severe.
the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a useful model for cardiac diseases , both developmental abnormalities and adult functional impairment.
meanwhile , the recent development of effective techniques to study adult cardiac performance in the fly has opened new uses for the drosophila model system.
therefore , we investigated age-related association on the presence of mtdna heteroplasmy within the hypervariable segment @number@ ( hvs-i ) in a selected study group.
the study group consisted of @number@ maternally unrelated latvians ranging in age from @number@ to over @number@ years.
among the studied individuals , @percent@ were found to be heteroplasmic.
heteroplasmy occurred in a total of @number@ different positions within hvs-i , and was the most frequent at fast-mutated positions @number@ @number@ and @number@
the results indicate that heteroplasmy in hvs-i is relatively common and occurs in a broad spectrum of sites.
the above is supported by evidence to eventual increase of the probability of heteroplasmy with age due to specific mitochondrial haplogroup background.
the transfusion of red blood cells ( rbcs ) is now considered a well-settled and essential therapy.
red blood cells can be now cultured in vitro from human hematopoietic , human embryonic , or human-induced pluripotent stem cells ( hipscs ) .
we retrospectively studied a cohort of @number@ consecutive alloimmunized patients ( 10-year period ) , showing @number@ to @number@ alloantibodies with @number@ different antibody combinations.
we showed that only @number@ hipsc clones would be sufficient to match more than @percent@ of the @number@ patients in need of rbc transfusions.
the term ' driving self-restriction ' is used in the road safety literature to describe the behaviour of some older drivers.
it includes the notion that older drivers will avoid driving in specific , usually self-identified situations , such as those in which safety is compromised.
we sought to identify the situations that older drivers report avoiding ; and , to determine the adequacy of a key measure of such behaviour.
consistent with previous results , we found a relatively low level of driving self-restriction and infrequent episodes of aggressive violations.
we suggest that a new avoidance scale is needed and we present a new item pool that may be used for this purpose.
poorer health knowledge was associated with a reduced likelihood of driving over @number@ km in adjusted models.
being older and having more than one medical condition was found to increase the likelihood of self-regulation of driving.
results indicate that health knowledge was less important for predicting driving behaviour than health experience.
the findings indicate a need for improved dissemination of evidence-based health information and education for older drivers and their doctors.
apolipoprotein d ( apod ) , a member of the lipocalin family , is the gene most up-regulated with age in the mammalian brain.
its expression strongly correlates with aging-associated neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
however , sex differences in the aging process have not been explored so far for these genes.
while nlaz has metabolic functions similar to apod , the regulation of glaz expression upon aging is the closest to apod in the aging brain.
we also demonstrate that food composition is an important environmental parameter influencing stress resistance and reproductive phenotypes of both lipocalin mutants.
the recent years have seen the emergence of graph theoretical analysis of complex , functional brain networks estimated from neurophysiological measurements.
the research has mainly focused on the graph characterization of the resting-state / default network , and its potential for clinical application.
functional resting-state networks usually display the characteristics of small-world networks and their statistical properties have been observed to change due to pathological conditions or aging.
we will show that such an approach is feasible and that the results coincide well with the findings from neuroimaging studies.
background : klotho , an anti-aging gene , is a functional candidate for metabolic syndrome.
methods : we recruited @number@ clinically normal subjects for the study.
genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
conclusions : the genetic variants of klotho might predict risk for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in asian indians.
however , larger studies in other ethnic populations are warranted to determine the role of these gene variants in the etiology of metabolic syndrome.
background : despite recent progress in treatments for secondary prevention , ischemic stroke recurs in @percent@ to @percent@ of stroke survivors.
we investigated the predisposing factors associated with recurrence within the first @number@ months after an ischemic event to explore more effective preventive strategies.
the clinical characteristics on admission were analyzed , and the patients were followed for @number@ months.
conclusions : aging and low hdl cholesterol levels are considered independent risk factors for a recurrence of ischemic stroke.
objective : to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adult urban and rural congolese subjects.
we determined the body mass index and recorded two blood pressure measurements that were averaged for analysis.
hypertension was bp ≥ 140 / 90mmhg , awareness and / or use of antihypertensive treatment.
diabetes mellitus was self-reported diagnosis or a casual glycemia ≥ 200mg / dl.
we assessed the probability of hypertension in stepwise multiple logistic analysis , and awareness , and control of hypertension.
they highlight the need for reasonable prevention measures at the population level.
this review aims to discuss the evidence supporting the link between chronic stress , cognitive function and mental health.
over the years , the associations between these concepts have been investigated in different populations.
although older adults are an interesting population to study in terms of chronic stress , other stress-related diseases can occur throughout the lifespan.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) contribute to tissue repair in vivo and form an attractive cell source for tissue engineering.
their regenerative potential is impaired by cellular senescence.
the effects of oxidative stress on mscs are still unknown.
telomere length was measured using the telomere restriction fragment assay , gene expression was determined by rtpcr.
sub-lethal doses of oxidative stress reduced proliferation rates and induced senescent-morphological features and senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity.
prolonged low dose treatment with hydrogen peroxide had no effects on cell proliferation or morphology.
sub-lethal and prolonged low doses of oxidative stress considerably accelerated telomere attrition.
following acute oxidant insult p21 was up-regulated prior to returning to initial levels.
trf1 was significantly reduced , trf2 showed a slight up-regulation.
sirt1 and xrcc5 were up-regulated after oxidant insult and expression levels increased in aging cells.
the catalytic activity of mhy336 on the topoisomerase ii enzyme was the same as that of the etoposide.
in a cell-free system , mhy336 exhibited a potent activity on scavenging of reactive oxygen species against 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride ( sin-1 ) -induced oxidative stress.
furthermore , mhy336 treatment induced similar levels of cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicin treatment ( ic ( @number@ ) = 1.55 μm ) in lncap cells.
mhy336 induced g2 / m or s phase arrest in lncap cells through a well-documented topoisomerase ii-dependent mechanism.
these results suggest that mhy336 is an attractive chemotherapeutic agent because of its topoisomerase ii-mediated anti-tumour activity in human prostate cancer.
background : hearing loss is a common sensory impairment experienced by older persons.
research design : a population-based survey.
logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hearing aid and ald usage.
results : of the surveyed population , @percent@ had a hearing loss as measured in the better ear.
@percent@ had used an ald in the past @number@ mo , and @percent@ owned a hearing aid.
of current hearing aid owners , @percent@ never used their aids.
ald and hearing aid usage were found to be associated with increasing age , hearing loss , and self-perceived hearing disability.
conclusions : these results indicate that hearing aid ownership and ald usage remains low in the older population.
greater efforts are needed to promote the benefits of these technologies and to support their use among older people with hearing loss.
the posterior tibial muscle is the key dynamic support of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.
prompt diagnosis prevents frustration for the patient and allows treatment to be started at an earlier , more easily managed stage.
the diagnosis of ptti is largely a clinical one.
an increased awareness of the existence of ptti should serve to help patients with earlier referral and treatment and by limiting the amount of disability.
the presence of active brown adipose tissue in adult humans has been recognized in general physiology only since @number@
dedicated studies show that the true prevalence is 30-100% , depending on cohort.
warm temperature during the investigation-as well as adrenergic antagonists-inhibit tissue activity.
there is probably no sexual dimorphism in the prevalence of brown adipose tissue.
outdoor temperature may affect the amount of brown adipose tissue , and the amount is negatively correlated with age and obesity.
the presence of brown adipose tissue is associated with cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis , and the tissue may be a major organ for glucose disposal.
the decline in brown adipose tissue amount with increasing age may account for or aggravate middle-age obesity.
maintained activation of brown adipose tissue throughout life may thus protect against obesity and diabetes.
triple therapy confers a higher bleeding risk than either warfarin or dual antiplatelet therapy alone.
hospitalists face the challenge of balancing the aforementioned risks ; the optimal management of these patients requires knowledge of the relevant literature and expertise.
prostaglandin j₂ ( pgj₂ ) family have been reported to show various kinds of biological activities.
considerable progress has been made toward understanding the mechanism of adipogenesis , however , the mechanisms of other actions of pgj₂ family remain controversial.
moreover , we confirmed that 15d-pgj₂ suppressed the growth of hek293 cells.
these observations suggest that 15d-pgj₂ shows another biological activity e.g. growth inhibition in hek293 cells via unknown receptor for 15d-pgj₂.
the aim of this study is to develop and validate effective purification system for pgj₂ interacting factors ( pgjifs ) .
we have recently developed high performance magnetic nanobeads.
in this study , we have newly developed 15d-pgj₂-immobilized beads by conjugating 15d-pgj₂ to the surface of these nanobeads.
firstly , we showed that pparγ specifically bound to 15d-pgj₂-immobilized beads.
these data presented here demonstrate that 15d-pgj₂-immobilized beads are effective tool for purification of pgjifs directly from crude cell extracts.
subsequently , more studies have evaluated the relationship of regional adiposity with bmd , and findings were inconsistent for central obesity.
advancements in imaging techniques enable us to directly and noninvasively study the role of adiposity on skeletal health.
visceral adiposity measured by computed tomography ( ct ) has consistently been shown to have negative effects on bone.
using mrs along with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry , studies have reported a detrimental role of bmf on bmd.
svr was defined as undetectable serum hcv rna by real-time polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) @number@ weeks after ifn discontinuation.
hcc was assessed by alfa-fetoprotein and ultrasound every @number@ months.
predictors of clinical outcomes , defined as hcc , orthotopic liver transplantation ( olt ) and mortality , were assessed by cox regression analysis.
results : the mean follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range 1-18 ) .
hcc developed in @number@ patients : one with svr versus @number@ with non-svr ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in compensated hcv-related cirrhosis , svr markedly reduces the risk of hcc and improves survival.
clearance of the virus should be intensively attempted in these patients.
purpose : to develop an image analysis method that can automatically find correlations between a set of plain radiographs and continuous clinical or physiological indicators.
methods : knee x-rays taken from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging are used in this study.
for instance , the pearson correlation between the x-ray images and the height and weight were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
without effective strategies to counteract aging muscle loss , a global health care crisis may be inevitable.
resistance training is well established to increase aging muscle mass and strength.
supplementing with creatine , a high-energy compound found in red meat and seafood , during resistance training has a beneficial effect on aging muscle.
emerging evidence now suggests that the timing and dosage of creatine supplementation may be important factors for aging muscle accretion.
unfortunately , the long-term effects of different creatine application strategies on aging muscle are relatively unknown.
the arterial endothelial dysfunction in aging and diabetes remains a clinical problem.
the techniques used were myography , molecular biology , and immunoblotting.
the diminishment of contractility is exerted via map kinase pathway , and involves reduction of c-fos gene expression and of transcription factor ap-1 protein expression.
these results suggest that enoxaparin preserves the arterial endothelial function in a mechanism independent of its anticoagulant activity.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are at once unsought by-products of metabolism and critical regulators of multiple intracellular signaling cascades.
in nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cells , mitochondria are well-investigated major sites of ros generation and related signal initiation.
we show that intraperoxisomal redox status is strongly influenced by environmental growth conditions.
furthermore , disturbances in peroxisomal redox balance , although not necessarily correlated with the age of the organelle , may trigger its degradation.
we also demonstrate that the mitochondrial redox balance is perturbed in catalase-deficient cells and upon generation of excess ros inside peroxisomes.
peroxisomes are found to resist oxidative stress generated elsewhere in the cell but are affected when the burden originates within the organelle.
these results suggest a potential broader role for the peroxisome in cellular aging and the initiation of age-related degenerative disease.
aged rat csmc showed sluggish contractility , concomitant with reduced expression of cav-1 with an associated reduction in activation of pkc-α and rhoa signaling pathway.
these studies provide , for the first time , the advantages of real-time monitoring of the dynamic movement of caveolin in living cells.
rapid movement of cav-1 in response to ach suggests its dynamic role in csmc contraction.
to study the force generation by csmc , three-dimensional colonic rings were bioengineered.
colonic bioengineered rings from aged csmc showed reduced force generation compared with colonic bioengineered rings from adult csmc.
colonic bioengineered rings from aged csmc transfected with wt-cav-1 cdna showed force generation similar to colonic bioengineered rings from adult rat csmc.
the data suggest that contraction in csmc is dependent on cav-1 reorganization dynamics , which restores the physiological contractile response in aged csmc.
we hypothesize that dynamic movement of cav-1 is essential for physiological contractile response of colonic smooth muscle.
it is also not known to develop cancer.
to characterize the mr selenoproteome , we sequenced its liver transcriptome.
gene reconstruction revealed standard selenoprotein sequences except for gpx1 , which had an early stop codon , and selp , which had low selenocysteine content.
in addition , gpx1 mrna was present in lower levels in mr liver than in mouse liver.
thus , mr is characterized by the reduced utilization of selenium due to a specific defect in gpx1 expression.
i argue that phenomenological studies of existential responses to illness are necessary in order to understand cultural sources of unmet expectations resulting from chronic conditions.
fourteen patients developed seizures during that period and @number@ did not.
results : the mean gcs and mr scores were moderately severe and comparable between both groups.
early-onset seizures represented @percent@.
the overall seizure recurrence was @percent@ after treatment with carbamazepine or valproate sodium.
still @number@ patients did not remain seizure-free after addition of another antiepileptic drug.
the average number of brain contusions on ct / mri was approximately the same.
vascular risk factors and alcohol abuse were more observed in the seizure patients.
conclusions : seizures after non-complicated cerebral contusions are difficult to treat.
vascular risk factors and alcohol abuse may also predispose to their occurrence.
the eeg findings after the tbi are highly predictive.
we conclude that neuronal histamine production remains largely unaltered in pd despite the abundant lb / ln accumulation in the tmn.
oxidized hpten was reduced by cellular reductants as in human cells.
the reduction rate of oxidized hpten was monitored in s. cerevisiae mutants in which the genes involved in redox homeostasis had been disrupted.
reduction of hpten was delayed in each of s. cerevisiae grx5δ and ycp4δ mutants.
expression of grx5 and ycp4 in each of the mutants rescued the reduction rate of oxidized hpten.
furthermore , an in vitro assay revealed that the human grx5 / gsh system efficiently catalyzed the reduction of oxidized hpten.
these results suggest that the reduction of oxidized hpten is regulated by grx5 and ycp4.
sexual dysfunction is common in ageing men and may be exacerbated by the special medical issues and psychological problems associated with haemophilia.
skin is a self-renewing tissue that is required to go through extensive proliferation throughout the lifespan of an organism.
telomere shortening acts as a mitotic clock that prevents aberrant proliferation such as cancer.
a consequence of this protection is cellular senescence and ageing.
the telomerase enzyme complex maintains telomere length in germline cells and in cancer cells.
telomerase is also active in certain somatic cells such as those in the epidermis but is almost undetectable in the dermis.
increasing evidence indicates that telomerase plays a significant role in maintenance of skin function and proliferation.
mutations in telomerase component genes in the disease dyskeratosis congenita result in numerous epidermal abnormalities.
studies also indicate that telomerase activity in epidermal stem cells might have roles that go beyond telomere elongation.
telomeres in skin cells may be particularly susceptible to accelerated shortening because of both proliferation and dna-damaging agents such as reactive oxygen species.
skin might present an accessible tissue for manipulation of telomerase activity and telomere length with the potential of ameliorating skin diseases associated with ageing.
to test this hypothesis , we examined muscle spindles in the young masseter muscle and compared the result with previous data on adult masseter spindles.
also muscle spindles in the young biceps brachii muscle were examined.
the result showed that muscle spindle composition and distribution were alike in young and adult masseter.
hence , contrary to our hypothesis , masseter spindles do not undergo major morphological changes between young age and adulthood.
also in the biceps , young spindles were alike adult spindles.
taken together , the results showed that human masseter and biceps muscle spindles are morphologically mature already at young age.
we conclude that muscle spindles in the human young masseter and biceps precede the extrafusal fiber population in growth and maturation.
this in turn suggests early reflex control and proprioceptive demands in learning and maturation of jaw motor skills.
similarly , well-developed muscle spindles in young biceps reflect early need of reflex control in learning and performing arm motor behavior.
a systematic recruitment structure based upon blocks of @number@ patients initially focused on leukemia and lymphoma survivors and patients eligible for pilot studies.
results : as of @date@ , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of @number@ eligible ≥ 10-year survivors have been contacted.
among the first @number@ potentially eligible survivors selected for recruitment , @number@ were subsequently confirmed to fulfill eligibility criteria.
to date , 898 / 971 ( @percent@ ) have been successfully contacted of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) have agreed to participate.
among participants , @percent@ agreed to comprehensive medical evaluation , @percent@ limited local evaluation , and @percent@ survey only.
anticipated minimum overall participation rate for medical evaluation is @percent@ ( 731 / 971 ) .
comparison of those contacted who agreed versus declined to participate revealed a greater proportion of males who declined participation ( p = @number@ ) .
objective : the relationship between stress , social support , and cognition in geriatric depression is complex.
participants were assessed clinically , agreed to interviews focusing on stressful life events and social support , and underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests annually.
our global measure of cognition was the consortium to establish a registry in alzheimer's disease total score ( cerad ts ) .
results : we found that a decline in the total number of stressors was associated with a subsequent improvement on cerad ts.
in terms of social support , decreased social interaction , and instrumental social support predicted decline in cognitive performance.
these relationships were significant even after controlling for depression status , age , education , and sex.
conclusions : these findings extend prior research on the importance of social factors in aging and depression which have largely focused on mood-related outcomes.
future confirmatory studies are needed.
this paper examines whether age-related and comorbid disease-related immune deregulation is an etiologic contributor to geriatric depression.
results : aging results in increased peripheral immune responses , impaired peripheral-cns immune communication , and a shift of the cns into a pro-inflammatory state.
some antidepressants may reduce the expression of inflammation markers.
limited data suggest that some anti-inflammatory agents may have antidepressant properties.
background : friedreich ataxia ( frda ) is the commonest form of autosomal recessive ataxia.
methods : we studied @number@ frda patients and @number@ healthy volunteers using a @number@ t scanner.
axial dw images were obtained and mean diffusivity ( md ) maps were generated.
histograms of md were generated for all pixels in the whole cerebral hemispheres and infratentorial compartment.
disease severity was assessed by the international cooperative ataxia rating scale ( icars ) .
md values were strongly correlated with disease duration and icars score.
altered glyoxalase-1 ( glo-1 ) activity and expression is associated with the development of late diabetic complications , malignancy and oxidative stress- and aging-related diseases.
the flow cytometry analysis of glo-1 in leukocytes showed that expression index of glo-1-positive cells was slightly increased in mononuclear leukocytes from diabetic patients.
this result correlated with the increase in glo-1 activity in the whole blood samples of type @number@ diabetes patients.
il-17 is known to be involved in a number of chronic disorders although the mechanisms regulating its production in inflammatory disease are still unclear.
in addition , derivatives of resveratrol , including glucosylated molecules as polydatin have been linked to similar beneficial effects.
we have investigated the effects of resveratrol and polydatin on the in vitro production of il-17 in a model of inflammation in vitro.
this study confirms the anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol and its derivatives and suggests a potential clinical relevance in the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
the links between hormonal signalling and lifespan have been well documented in a range of model organisms.
in mammalian systems , however , hormonal contribution to longevity is less well understood.
with increasing age human steroid hormone profiles change substantially , particularly following menopause in women.
this article reviews recent links between steroid sex hormones and ageing , with special emphasis on the skin and wound repair.
our research shows that while chronological ageing has clear effects on skin wound healing , falling estrogen levels are the principle mediator of these effects.
in the case of the skin the differential targeting of estrogen receptors to promote healing in aged subjects is a real therapeutic possibility.
design : cross-sectional population-based study.
setting : outpatient clinic of the department of cardiovascular , respiratory , and geriatric medicine kyushu university hospital at beppu in japan.
participants : outpatients with mild hypertension treated with a low dose of amlodipine.
measurements : the laboratory data of female patients were collected and the telomere length parameters in their peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by southern blotting.
any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomere length parameters were assessed.
the extent of subtelomeric methylation of long telomeres tended to correlate negatively with the telomeric attrition.
only the creatinine level correlated with subtelomeric methylation , but not with telomeric length.
conclusion : hdl and the albumin / globulin ratio were potential indicators for individual somatic genomic aging.
creatinine may therefore be a useful indicator for a predisposition for telomeric attrition.
design : a cross-sectional population-based study.
setting : a sub-urban area in northern italy.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling older persons.
measurements : the nutritional status of participants was assessed through the mini nutritional assessment-short form ( mna-sf ) .
ses was defined by means of early-life education , longest occupation , and late-life financial conditions.
the following indicators were also evaluated : social contacts , and performing mental , physical and leisure activities during late-life.
chronic diseases , functional , cognitive and affective status were considered as potential confounders when examining the risk for malnutrition by logistic regression models.
low education , poor financial condition , and lack of physical and leisure activities showed a crude association with risk for malnutrition.
conclusions : low education and lack of physical activity in late-life may affect the risk for malnutrition in the elderly.
further studies are needed to clarify the cause-effect relationship between lack of physical activity and malnutrition.
cobalamin ( vitamin b12 ) deficiency in the elderly is an under recognized problem in daily clinical practice.
the prevalence of cobalamin deficiency increases with age ( ranges from @percent@ to @percent@ depending on the population studies and criteria for diagnosis ) .
the interpretation and the application of these biomarkers are here presented.
folate insufficiency promotes developmental as well as age-related disorders of the nervous system.
additional groups received apple juice concentrate ( ajc ) diluted to @percent@ ( vol / vol ) in their sole source of drinking water.
maintenance for @number@ month on the deficient diet reduced the performance of both genotypes in both tests , but supplementation with ajc prevented these reductions.
supplementation of either diet with ajc dramatically improved the performance of both genotypes.
objective : to determine the impact of probiotics on the prevention of problems with bowel movements malnutrition and infection.
design : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial.
setting : peripheral geriatric hospital.
participants : @number@ elderly patients age ≥ @number@ y who were hospitalized in a geriatric orthopedic rehabilitation department.
intervention : participants were randomized into treatment or control groups ( daily probiotics or placebo for @number@ consecutive days , respectively ) .
measurements : the main outcomes were : number of days of constipation or diarrhea and the number of days of laxative use.
secondary measures were nutritional status and blood measurements.
results : of @number@ patients admitted to the geriatric rehabilitation ward , @number@ were eligible and agreed to participate.
during a 7-day pre-trial period , @number@ patients dropped out ( @number@ and @number@ in the probiotic and placebo groups respectively ) .
out of the @number@ patients who entered the study , @number@ dropped out during the study ( @percent@ ) , leaving @number@ patients.
conclusion : we showed that probiotic supplements may have a positive effect on bowel movements among orthopedic rehabilitation elderly patients.
objectives : to evaluate the locally-adapted cdsmp for older adults with chronic diseases in hong kong in the primary care setting.
design : a longitudinal , quasi-experimental study.
setting : community-based and primary care setting.
participants : seven hundred and seventy-two participants aged @number@ or above with at least one chronic disease and were living in the community.
intervention : the 6-weeks programme consisted of @number@ group sessions , with each session lasting for @number@ hours.
trained professional and elder lay leaders facilitated participants to gain essential self-management knowledge and skills for the effective management of chronic diseases.
results : @number@ and @number@ participants in the intervention and control groups completed @number@ months follow-up respectively.
conclusions : the locally-adapted cdsmp may improve self-management behaviours , self-efficacy and health status among older adults with chronic diseases in hong kong.
cdsmp may be integrated into primary care services for older adults.
design : a population-based prospective cohort study established in cache county , utah in @number@
setting and participants : @number@ men and women > @number@ years of age who were living in cache county , utah in @number@
measurement : diet was assessed using a 142-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline.
rtec consumption was defined as daily , weekly , or infrequent use.
results : in multivariable models , more frequent rtec consumption was not associated with a cognitive benefit.
rtec is a nutrient dense food , but should not replace the consumption of other healthy foods in the diets ' of elderly people.
associations between rtec consumption , dietary patterns , and cognitive function deserve further study.
objectives : to investigate whether gene nutrient interactions influence the risk of cognitive dysfunction among older persons.
conclusion : b vitamin status does not influence the risk of overall cognitive dysfunction in ε4 allele affected older adults.
food must be energy and protein enriched , because dilution is needed for preparation , and several meals like bread can be removed.
the aim of the study was to assess the food consumption of residents in four french nursing homes depending on diet texture.
results : @percent@ of residents had chopped texture and @percent@ mixed texture.
there was no relationship between used food textures and nutritional status residents.
calorie consumption was below the recommended intakes for elderly nursing home residents in france , whatever the type of texture.
the mixed texture had more protein than the normal one and was better balanced regarding fat intake.
protein consumption was at the lower limit of the recommended intakes.
residents in overweight were those whose food consumption relative to their weight was the lowest.
design : transversal study.
setting : free-living elderly people of northwestern spain.
subjects : @number@ participants ( @percent@ men and @percent@ women ) , the average of age for both genders was @number@ ± @number@
significant correlations were found between mna-sf and the full version ( r = 0.916 ; p < @number@ ) .
the sensibility and specificity of the mna-sf for the full mna version were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the high sensitivity and specificity of mna-sf might be sufficient for medical practice to identify patients at undernutrition risk or undernutrition.
generally , the full mna confirmed the diagnosis for persons identified at risk by the mna-sf , and planning was needed for nutritional interventions.
objective : the objective of this study was to identify nutritional indicators that predict mna ( mini nutritional assessment ) classification in hospitalized elderly patients.
habitual energy intake ( hei ) was also determined.
the assessed nutritional indicators were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to verify if they can predict mna classification.
results : the nutritional status of most patients ( @percent@ ) was appropriate but @percent@ were at risk of malnourishment and @percent@ were malnourished.
objective : we aimed to investigate the appropriateness of the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) in predicting functional ability in older adults.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : participants were recruited from the kahrizak charity foundation ( kcf ) .
measurements : nutritional and ability status were examined using the mna and the barthel index ( bi ) .
participants were divided according to mna ( ≤ @number@ and > @number@ ) .
results : two hundred and thirty-five ≥ 60-year-old subjects were studied.
the mna and bi were positively correlated ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
it is suggested that this relationship should be further studied in a larger prospective population-based study.
background : the mortality prediction represents a key factor in the managing of elderly hospitalized patients.
design : this prospective study with a one-year follow-up included @number@ hospitalized patients aged @number@ years and older.
the estimated areas under the receiver operating characteristics ( roc ) curves suggested a clinically negligible difference between the two indices.
design : observational study.
setting : nursing home located in the territory of florence ( italy ) .
participants : @number@ elderly individuals from twelve nursing homes , all aged @number@ yrs or over.
malnourished , at-risk and well-fed subjects differ significantly ( p < @number@ ) in their mean scores obtained in each of the mna areas.
fifteen of eighteen mna items show a significant correlation to the total mna score ( p < @number@ ) .
the items not significantly related to the mna global score were those concerning protein intake , independence and number of medicinal drugs taken.
its assessment by standard questionnaires , which ask participants to reflect on idiosyncratic past painful experiences , is important.
it is currently not known whether different types of pain differently shape pain catastrophizing.
furthermore , as the regulation of emotions changes during the life span , age may affect pain catastrophizing , as well.
results : on average , the different types of pain shared one-third of the variance in pain catastrophizing.
pain-type-specific catastrophizing scores were more strongly related to ratings of sensory and emotional pain characteristics than standard catastrophizing scores.
discussion : this study indicates that for day-to-day pain , catastrophizing significantly depends on pain type.
aven is a regulator of the dna-damage response and g2 / m cell cycle progression.
although aven orthologs have been identified in most vertebrate species , no aven gene has been reported in invertebrates.
here , we describe a drosophila melanogaster open reading frame ( orf ) that shares sequence and functional similarities with vertebrate aven genes.
remarkably , expression of daven in xenopus egg extracts resulted in g2 / m arrest that was comparable to that caused by human aven.
taken together , these results suggest that , like its vertebrate counterparts , daven plays a role in cell cycle regulation.
methods : we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study.
the participants were @number@ nondisabled men and women aged @number@ to @number@ years at the @number@ survey.
independent variables regarding time since baseline , in addition to various time-dependent and time-independent covariates , were obtained in @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
the outcome variables were hgs and fws assessed at each survey.
all data on independent and dependent variables that were collected at each survey were simultaneously analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
aim : oxidised low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) is considered a risk marker for cardiovascular disease.
however , it remains unclear whether oxidised ldl concentrations differ with the physical activity status in older adults.
the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the amount of physical activity and oxidised ldl in older adults.
prior to blood collection , participants were asked to wear an uniaxial accelerometer for @number@ consecutive weeks to determine the physical activity status.
after a 48-h period of physical activity avoidance and a 10-h overnight fast , fasting venous blood samples were obtained from each participant.
conclusions : this study demonstrates that regular physical activity may play a protective role in the oxidation of ldl in older adults.
smap2 is an arf gtpase-activating protein that is located and functions on early endosome membranes.
mutation of specific stretches of basic amino acid residues abolished the tgn-localization of smap2.
in contrast , this transport was enhanced in smap2 ( - / - ) cells characterized by increased levels of the activated form of arf.
smap2 therefore belongs to an arfgap subtype that resides on the tgn and functions as a negative regulator of vesicle budding from the organelle.
thus , these dietary compounds are receiving significant attention as therapeutic multifunctional cytoprotective agents that simultaneously manipulate various brain targets.
this study aimed to quantify the accuracy and precision ( repeatability ) of free-field human sound localization as a function of advancing age.
head-fixed young , middle-aged , and elderly listeners localized band-passed targets using visually guided manual laser pointing in a darkened room.
targets were presented in the frontal field by a robotically controlled loudspeaker assembly hidden behind a screen.
findings underscore the distinct neural processing of the auditory spatial cues in sound localization and their selective deterioration with advancing age.
treatment for medulloblastoma during childhood impairs neurocognitive function in survivors.
nine patients also underwent chemotherapy.
cross-sectional analyses of current neurocognitive , functional , and physical status were conducted.
data from prior neuropsychological assessments were available for @number@ subjects ; longitudinal analyses were used to model individual change over time for those subjects.
the group was well below average across multiple neurocognitive domains , and @percent@ had required accommodations at school for learning disorders.
longer time since diagnosis , but not age at diagnosis , was associated with continued decline in working memory , a common sign of aging.
younger age at diagnosis was associated with lower intelligence quotient and academic achievement scores , even many years after treatment had been completed.
the most common health complications in survivors were hearing impairment , second cancers , diabetes , hypertension , and endocrine deficiencies.
adult survivors of childhood medulloblastoma exhibit signs of early aging regardless of how young they were at diagnosis.
it will become increasingly important to identify factors that contribute to risk and resilience in this growing population.
background : polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish may influence bone health.
effect modification by epa + dha intake was tested for n-6 exposures.
significant interactions between aa and epa + dha intakes were observed cross-sectionally in women and longitudinally in men.
la intake tended to be associated with fn-bmd loss in women ( p for trend < @number@ ) .
conclusions : fish consumption may protect against bone loss.
the protective effects of a high aa intake may be dependent on the amount of epa + dha intake.
african americans have higher rates of type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) and some forms of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) than do european americans.
african americans also have much higher rates of vitamin d deficiency.
annual changes in hormone levels and urologic outcomes were calculated using mixed-effects regression models.
associations between hormone variables and rates of change in urologic outcomes were assessed with linear regression models.
higher baseline estradiol levels and rapid declines in estradiol over time were associated with rapid increases in luts and rapid decreases in maximum flow rate.
lower baseline bioavailable testosterone levels and more rapid declines in bioavailable testosterone were associated with more rapid increases in prostate volume.
we investigated the incidence , determinants , and long-term clinical relevance of md reversal after ppci.
six months 2de and 2-year clinical follow-up were obtained.
the 2-year combined events rate was significantly lower in reversible md ( log-rank test p = @number@ ) compared with sustained md patients.
family history of cad , aging , time to re-perfusion , and diabetes are independent predictors of md reversibility.
objective : to investigate prospectively the relationship between current alcohol consumption ( quantity and type of alcohol ) and incident overall dementia and alzheimer dementia.
results : incident overall dementia occurred in @number@ of @number@ participants over a mean follow-up period of @number@ years.
with regard to quantity of alcohol and type of alcohol , all hazard ratios were found to be lower than @number@
the incidence of lss is projected to continue to grow as the population ages.
this masterclass presents an overview of lss in terms of clinical examination , diagnosis , and intervention.
methods : a retrospective review of children undergoing peritoneal catheter placement was performed over a 22-year period.
children were segregated into those undergoing catheter placements with omentectomy or without.
results : one hundred sixty-three patients were reviewed , with a 1 : 1.03 ratio of male to female patients.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
fifty-three percent underwent omentectomy.
catheter failure was observed in @number@ children ( @percent@ ) .
catheter obstruction was identified in @percent@.
peritonitis led to failure in @percent@.
catheter failure rate was significantly reduced with the performance of omentectomy ( @percent@ without omentectomy vs @percent@ with omentectomy , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : omentectomy conferred improved utility of peritoneal catheters in children.
omentectomy appears useful in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.
existing research on the health care utilization patterns of older canadians suggests that income does not usually restrict an individual's access to care.
however , the role that income plays in influencing access to health services by older adults living in rural areas is relatively unknown.
this article examines the relationship between income and health service utilization among older adults in rural and urban areas of british columbia.
data were drawn from statistics canada's canadian community health survey , cycle @number@
multivariate regression techniques were employed to examine the influence of relative income on accessibility for @number@ persons aged @number@ and over.
the most important and consistent predictors of access in all cases were those that measured health care need.
background : many countries are facing the burden of accelerated population aging and a lack of institutional support to meet the needs of older individuals.
in developing countries , adult children are primarily responsible for the care of their elderly parents.
however , out-migration of adult children is common in these countries.
this study aims to explore the impact of migration on the health of the elderly left behind and their health care-seeking behavior.
methods : this paper uses data from a national survey of older persons in thailand conducted in @number@
results : more than two-thirds of the elderly ( @percent@ ) had at least one migrant child.
about three-fifths ( @percent@ ) reported that they had at least one symptom of poor mental health.
almost three in five elderly ( @percent@ ) rated their health as poor , and @percent@ had experienced at least one chronic disease.
about two-thirds of the elderly ( @percent@ ) got sick during the @number@ years preceding the survey.
interestingly , however , out-migration of adult children was independently associated with higher utilization of health services.
out-migration of adult children was highly associated with poor mental health but it was not associated with the physical health of the elderly left behind.
out-migration of children was also highly associated with higher utilization of health facilities by the elderly.
earlier pharmacological and pomc gene transfer studies demonstrate that melanocortin activation in either site alone improves insulin sensitivity and reduces obesity.
pair feeding was included to reveal food-independent pomc impact on energy expenditure.
pomc mrna was significantly increased in both the hypothalamus and nts region at termination.
by wheel running assessment , the pomc animals ran twice the distance as the control or pair-fed rats.
the latter finding provides a clue for countering age-related decline in physical activity.
the interaction of free radicals with antioxidants is a topic of increasing interest in the development of prevention strategies against skin ageing.
carotenoids can serve as marker substances for the complete antioxidative network of human skin.
recently , it has become possible to measure the carotenoids non-invasively and online using resonance raman spectroscopy.
this method has been used in various studies to investigate the interaction of carotenoid antioxidants and free radicals in human skin.
in this review , the results of the selected studies are summarized and compared.
it could be demonstrated that the carotenoid concentration of the skin reflects the lifestyle of individuals.
a high level of carotenoids can be achieved with a healthy diet rich , for instance , in fruit and vegetables.
it could be demonstrated that premature skin ageing was less in people with a high level of antioxidants in their tissue.
consequently , the furrows and wrinkles were not so deep and dense as in the skin of individuals with a low antioxidant level.
the measurements are highly suited for the development of anti-ageing strategies and can be efficiently used in the medical diagnostics and therapy control.
recently , we reported on the anti-ageing effects of k6pc-5.
this compound induced keratinocyte differentiation and fibroblast proliferation by increasing sphingosine-1 phosphate synthesis.
cellular responses such as differentiation , proliferation and calcium mobilization were investigated using cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
also , we measured the expressions of collagen mrna and protein using real time rt-pcr and elisa , respectively.
in the intrinsically aged murine skin , k6eaa-l12 showed anti-ageing effects by activating collagen synthesis , eventually causing dermal thickening.
also , in the photo-aged skin , the dermal collagen density and dermal thickness were increased.
in photo-aged murine skin , k6eaa-l12 increased stratum corneum integrity by increasing corneodesmosome density and improved the barrier recovery rate.
however , there were no changes in the expressions of epidermal differentiation maker proteins.
data collection took place in @number@
analysis of the data was undertaken using thematic content analysis.
a lack of information and embarrassment were identified as the main barriers to screening for this group.
material and methods : the study group consisted of @number@ women scheduled for reconstructive surgery due to pop.
risk factors , functional abnormalities along with symptoms affecting quality of life , were assessed by means of disease specific questionnaire.
the stage of the disease was assessed after gynecological examination using pop-q score.
@percent@ of women were menopausal.
@percent@ affected women were multiparous.
only @percent@ women with pop were nulliparous.
family history of prolapse was found in @percent@ of patients , whereas familial positive history of urinary incontinence was @percent@.
cardiovascular diseases were found among @percent@ of respondents , whereas pulmonary diseases with chronic coughing were present in @percent@ of the analyzed population.
female sexual disorders were reported by @percent@ women and dyspareunia was found in @percent@ of responders.
pop was the main reason for sexual abstinence only in @number@ out of @number@ patients.
more than @percent@ of patients from the study group underwent previously pelvic surgery due to various reasons.
pop related quality of life measured by vas ( visual analogue scale ) was @number@ points ( median @number@ ) .
the most common finding during gynecological examination was cystocele @percent@ , followed by rectoenterocele @percent@ , and central defect @percent@.
mean pop quantification was stage iii in pop-q scale.
conclusions : mean delay time from objective pop diagnosis until decision concerning surgical treatment was more than @number@ years.
the most common risk factors associated with pop were : multiparity with vaginal deliveries , obesity and aging.
purpose of review : recent research suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) may be a disease of accelerated aging.
the senescence hypothesis of copd pathogenesis is supported by in-vitro , in-vivo and clinical studies.
recent findings : accelerated aging due to exposure to cigarette smoke is hypothesized to induce rapid progression of copd.
recent studies have shown that copd patients have enhanced expression of senescence-associated proteins in the lung and in the peripheral circulation compared to healthy controls.
however , studies to date have been relatively small and have produced heterogeneous results.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common type of age-related dementia.
besides few genetic mutations , many non-genetic risk factors are known to significantly influence disease onset and progression.
how-ever , the molecular mechanisms and their causal relationships are largely unknown.
this early immune challenge induces a significant acceleration of aging-related neuropathology.
combining the prenatal with a systemic infection during aging , we were able to enhance this pathophysiological effect significantly.
based upon the indigenous japanese wrn loss-of-function mutation heterozygote rate of @number@ per @number@ we speculate the possibility of approximately @number@ heterozygotes in hawaii.
this requires an understanding of the physiology in the paediatric population compared to that of adults.
additional journals were found from the references in the initial search results.
furthermore , a selection of common textbooks was used to fill in gaps in physiology data or understanding not covered by the journal articles found.
only data obtained from healthy individuals was used.
results : information on the ph and transit time along the gi tract , as well as other gi physiology data was collated and summarised.
discussion and conclusion : it was found that considerable variability in physiology exists within the paediatric population.
the ph and transit time of the gi tract varies with age , with the greatest changes occurring during the neonate's first month.
other gi physiology also varies with age potentially having an impact on drug absorption.
the main objective was to determine if there is in vivo regulation of telomere length in situ by atherosclerotic lesions.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) were studied.
blood and arterial tissue telomere lengths were determined by southern blotting.
on the other hand , telomere length was shorter in aortic tissues which presented atherosclerotic lesions compared to corresponding tissues without atherosclerotic lesions.
these results also suggest tissue regulation of telomere size by local factors likely related to oxidative stress responses.
background : poor nutritional status is often present among older adults who experience a fall.
however , dietary intake and weight loss are often overlooked as potential factors.
methods : dietary intake and clinic data from @number@ men and women ( ages 67-93 years ) from the framingham original cohort study were analyzed.
protein intake ( total , animal and plant ) was assessed as a continuous variable and by tertile of intake.
falls were reported by participants using a validated questionnaire at two time points.
weight was ascertained at each examination to examine the effect of weight loss over follow-up.
tertile analyses tended towards a protective association , but most did not achieve statistical significance ; there was no dose-response.
conclusion : this work highlights the importance of adequate protein intake as a potentially modifiable risk factor for fall prevention in older adults.
further exploration of the interaction of protein intake and weight loss as related to falls is needed.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : fall clinics in two university teaching hospitals in the netherlands.
in all patients , modifiable risk factors for recurrent falls were assessed.
we wanted to determine the effects of a lycopene-restricted diet on oxidative stress parameters and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.
setting : st. michael ' s hospital , toronto , on , canada.
participants and study design : @number@ healthy postmenopausal women , 50-60 years old , provided blood samples at baseline and following a one-month lycopene-depletion period.
a paired t-test was used to test for significant differences in bone turnover markers , oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant status after lycopene restriction.
these changes coincided with significantly increased ntx ( p < @number@ ) .
background : because of a lack of efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly population , there are still numerous outbreaks in geriatric health care settings.
however , the rates of vaccinated hcws are still low in france.
objectives : to implement multicenter programs to enhance hcw influenza vaccination.
design : it was a cluster randomised interventional studies.
setting : @number@ geriatric health care settings ( ghcss ) , long term care and rehabilitation care settings in france.
participants : @number@ health care workers from @number@ ghcss in the interventional group and @number@ health care workers in @number@ ghcss in the control group.
the objectives were to involve hcws in the creation of \ "safety zones \ " , and to give personal satisfaction.
program @number@ was tested during the @date@ season.
hcw involvement is required in program implementation in order to avoid rejection of top-down information.
objectives : to evaluate vital status after five years of follow-up in a cohort of nonagenarians with functional and / or cognitive impairment at baseline.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : a community-based study.
participants : nonagenarians enrolled in the nonasantfeliu study.
nonagenarians scoring up to @number@ points on the bi were defined as individuals with significant functional impairment.
nonagenarians with cognitive decline were defined as those individuals with a score of @number@ or less on the mec.
forty-eight of @number@ nonagenarians ( @percent@ ) with combined impairment died during the same follow-up period.
a prior diagnosis of heart failure was the only variable associated with higher mortality in the three groups of subjects.
conclusion : most of the nonagenarian subjects with functional and / or cognitive impairment at baseline had died at five-year follow-up.
objectives : because of their structural , anti-inflammatory and antithrombic properties , long-chain n-3 fatty acids may be key factors in the aging process.
design : prospective population-based study.
participants / setting : @number@ adults from the su.vi.max study ( supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals study ) .
measurements / statistical analysis : subjects underwent a standardized clinical examination which included cognitive tests and self-reported cognitive difficulties scale ( 2007-2009 ) .
poor scores were defined using percentiles as cut-off.
dietary data were assessed through repeated 24-h dietary records.
a borderline significant association was also found with high fish consumption ( or q4 versus q1 = @number@ ci 95% = 0.63-1.01 ) .
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : a community-based study.
participants : @number@ subjects aged @number@ years old.
serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were used to assess vitamin d status.
hypovitaminosis d was considered as < @number@ ng / ml and deficiency < @number@ ng / ml.
results : mean serum 25 ( oh ) d level was @number@ ± @number@ ng / ml.
the prevalence of hypovitaminosis d was @percent@ ( @percent@ insufficiency and @percent@ deficiency ) .
men had higher levels than women ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ ng / ml ; p = 0.04 ) .
conclusions : more than half the population aged @number@ years has a vitamin d deficit and @percent@ show a deficiency.
a lower score on the mna scale is associated with a greater likelihood of having lower vitamin d serum values.
objectives : to delineate the difference in nutritional risk between older adults with normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment living in elderly homes.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : three elderly homes in cairo , egypt.
participants : one hundred twenty older adults ; men and women aged @number@ years and older.
measurements : comprehensive geriatric assessment was done for every participant to evaluate medical , functional , cognitive and affective aspects.
nutritional status was assessed by using the mini-nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
nutritional deficit was considered to be present if the individuals were classified as malnourished or at nutritional risk by means of the mna.
the cognitive function was assessed by using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) and the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) .
results : mci was identified in @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the participants.
older adults with mci had significantly higher frequency of being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished than those with normal cognition.
it remains to be demonstrated whether improvement in nutritional status may improve the cognitive function or delay progression to dementia in these patients.
objective : to explore the trends of vitamin intake over a 10-year follow-up in a group of successfully aging elderly people.
design : longitudinal study.
setting : city of padua , italy.
measurements : data were collected by means of a modified validated dietary history , both at baseline and then @number@ y later.
results : mean energy and macronutrient intake were consistent with dietary guidelines at both time points.
there was no decline in total energy intake after a decade.
after a decade , the prevalence of vitamin b2 and vitamin a deficiencies rose to @percent@ of the sample.
multivitamin supplementation may be necessary , even in healthy individuals , to ensure an adequate micronutrient intake in the elderly.
an additional aim was to estimate direct health care costs for both groups.
setting : six different municipal residential homes in the south-east of sweden.
intervention : a multifaceted intervention design was used.
staff in the control group only received education on how to measure mna and the residents followed the usual meal routines.
measurements : nutritional status was measured by mna at baseline and after @number@ months.
cost data on health care visits during @number@ were collected from the cost per patient database.
results : nutritional status improved and body weight increased after @number@ months in the intervention group.
thus , primary health care costs constituted about @percent@ of the total median cost in the intervention group and about @percent@ in the control group.
conclusion : with improved knowledge the staff could offer the elderly more individualised meals.
one of their future challenges is to recognise and assess nutritional status among this group.
if malnutrition could be prevented health care costs should be reduced.
we hypothesized that there are major developmental differences in plasma proteins and that these contribute to age-related changes in the incidence of major diseases.
we evaluated the human plasma proteome in healthy neonates , children and adults using the 2d-dige approach.
background : current approaches for ad prediction are based on biomarkers , which are however of restricted availability in primary care.
ad prediction tools for primary care are therefore needed.
we present a prediction score based on information that can be obtained in the primary care setting.
after the baseline investigation we performed three follow-up investigations at @number@ months intervals with incident dementia as the primary outcome.
the best set of predictors was extracted from the baseline variables in one randomly selected half of the sample.
these variables were aggregated to a prediction score , which achieved a prediction accuracy of @number@ for ad.
the score was applied to the second half of the sample ( test cohort ) .
here , the prediction accuracy was @number@
conclusions : the prediction score has useful prediction accuracy.
as it is independent of technical aids , it may be used within large scale prevention programs.
the prevalence of ad increases with aging , and women have a higher predisposition to both ad and affective disorders than men.
this study aimed to investigate sex and age effects on 5-ht ( @number@ ) receptor-binding potentials in striatum , the limbic system , and neocortex.
a decline with age of @percent@ per decade was found only in striatum.
women had a @percent@ lower 5-ht ( @number@ ) receptor binding in the limbic system.
the relatively stable 5-ht ( @number@ ) receptor binding with aging contrasts others in subtypes of receptors , which generally decrease with aging.
why do some surgeons retire ( or not ) , and perhaps more importantly , when should some surgeons retire ?
interviews were conducted with @number@ senior plastic surgeons to determine why plastic surgeons choose not to retire.
background : the skin products assessment research committee was created by the plastic surgery educational foundation in @number@
methods : the skin products assessment research study was designed as a multicenter , double-blind , randomized , controlled trial.
patients underwent chemical peel or laser facial resurfacing and were randomized to the obagi nu-derm system or a standard care regimen.
the study endpoints were time to reepithelialization , erythema , and pigmentation changes.
results : fifty-six women were enrolled and @number@ percent were followed beyond reepithelialization.
there were no significant differences in mean time to reepithelialization between obagi nu-derm system and control groups.
test-retest photographic evaluations demonstrated that both interrater and intrarater reliability were adequate for primary study outcomes.
background : alzheimer dementia ( ad ) is a major cause of debility and economic strain in aging societies around the world.
evidence that the use of memantine in a patient already on cholinesterase inhibitor therapy can provide a clinically significant benefit is limited.
included were neurology consultants and residents , a medical librarian , clinical epidemiologists , and content experts in the field of behavioral neurology.
results : one article was selected for review.
the number needed to treat and the effect size could not be calculated from the data provided.
olfaction represents an ancient , evolutionarily critical physiologic system.
in humans , chemosensation mediates safety , nutrition , sensation of pleasure , and general well-being.
after signals are generated , olfactory information is processed and coded in the olfactory bulb and disseminated to several areas in the brain.
the discovery of olfactory receptors by axel and buck sparked greater understanding of the molecular basis of olfaction.
consequently , our knowledge of olfactory dysfunction in humans remains primitive.
aging represents the major cause of loss of smell , although a number of clinical and environmental factors are thought to affect chemosensory function.
treatment options focus on reducing sinonasal inflammation when present , ruling out other treatable causes , and counseling patients on safety measures.
some medical disorders can impair performance , increasing the risk of driving safety errors that can lead to vehicle crashes.
the causal pathway often involves a concatenation of factors or events , some of which can be prevented or controlled.
medical diagnosis and age alone are usually insufficient criteria for determining fitness to drive.
strategies are needed for determining what types and levels of reduced function provide a threshold for disqualification in drivers with medical disorders.
neurocognitive tests , driving simulation , and road tests provide complementary sources of evidence to evaluate driver safety.
no single test is sufficient to determine who should drive and who should not.
background : seafaring is known to be a demanding occupation but the implications of ageing in seafarers are poorly understood.
aims : to investigate task demands and work ability in merchant seamen at sea and to identify factors predicting work ability.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study carried out on a single vessel during a summer deployment.
instantaneous heart rate ( hr ) was recorded at 5-s intervals during representative 8-h shifts in @number@ merchant seamen.
body mass index ( bmi ) , waist circumference and demographic details were recorded.
results : work demands were found to be moderate according to both hr data and tlx scores.
the mean bmi was @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) ( standard deviation @number@ ) and the mean age was @number@ years.
the majority of participants rated their work ability as ' good ' to ' excellent'.
methods : a retrospective study was conducted of medicaid claims data ( 2001-2004 ) from eight states , focusing on antiretroviral adherence.
the unit of analysis was person-month ( n = 53 , 971 ) .
the average observation period for the @number@ patients was @number@ months.
analyses controlled for several patient characteristics.
results : patients possessed antiretroviral drugs in @percent@ of the person-months.
odds of antiretroviral possession were @percent@ higher in months when patients had a prior-month supply of bipolar medication.
conclusions : bipolar medication adherence may improve antiretroviral adherence among patients with bipolar disorder and hiv infection.
the single group , pre- / post-test evaluation included @number@ pwmls and @number@ care partners who participated in three memory club sites in minnesota.
law enforcement officers suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates from all causes than the general population.
to determine which occupational hazards cause this increased risk and morbidity , it is imperative to study law enforcement officers before they retire.
the long-range goal of our research is to reduce the incidence of cvd-related illness and death among aging law enforcement officers.
for each outcome variable of interest , we developed separate regression models.
two groups of potential predictors were examined for inclusion in the models.
our results revealed statistically significant relationships between several physiologic variables and measures of stress.
taken together , these data demonstrate an important role for usp47 in regulating dna repair and maintaining genome integrity.
vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
intriguingly , ala blocked the pi-induced vsmc apoptosis and calcification by recovery of mitochondrial function and intracellular redox status.
finally , ala significantly ameliorated vitamin d ( @number@ ) -induced aortic calcification and mitochondrial damage in mice.
people with down's syndrome ( ds ) are at high risk of developing early onset dementia.
recent studies suggest a link between age-related decreases in dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) concentrations and dementia in the general population.
the present study investigates the relationship between dhea serum levels and age and the risk of dementia in adults with ds.
the dhea plasma concentrations of @number@ adults with ds and @number@ age-matched controls were determined.
participants with ds were assessed for the presence of dementia using the camdex informant interview.
the dhea plasma concentrations decreased with age in subjects with ds as well as in controls.
this difference was significant ( t = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
those with ds and evidence of dementia have lower dhea concentrations than those with ds ( controlling for age ) but without dementia.
increased and decreased joint range of motion ( rom ) are modifiable risk factors for musculoskeletal soft-tissue injuries.
certain heritable disorders of connective tissue , which have a unifying symptom of joint hypermobility , are caused by mutations within the col5a1 gene.
the association between col5a1 bstui rflp and sit and reach ( sr ) rom in an apparently healthy and physically active cohort was investigated.
the sr test was performed on @number@ white subjects ( @number@ males ) .
subjects were also genotyped for the bstui rflp ( c / t ) within the @number@'-untranslated region of the col5a1 gene.
age and col5a1 bstui genotype interacted significantly for sr rom.
sex and col5a1 genotype accounted for @percent@ of the variance in sr rom in the older group.
design : cross-sectional study using a 54-item ohrqol questionnaire.
measurements : participants completed an in-home interview about their ohrqol and lsm.
unadjusted and adjusted regression models were used to quantify associations between ohrqol and lsm.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community.
participants : nine thousand four hundred forty-seven community-dwelling persons interviewed through the second longitudinal study of aging ( lsoa ii ) .
measurements : six adls organized into five stages ranging from no difficulty ( @number@ ) to unable ( iv ) .
results : adl stage showed strong ordered associations with perceived health , dementia severe enough to require proxy use , and history of stroke.
all models were adjusted for age , sex , and race.
conclusions : adl stages showed clinically logical associations with other health-related concepts , supporting external validity.
findings suggest that specificity of chronic conditions will be important in developing strategies for disability reduction.
people with partial rather than complete adl limitation appeared most vulnerable to unmet needs for home accessibility features.
sarcopenia describes reduced skeletal muscle mass and impaired muscle function associated with aging and with a variety of chronic diseases prevalent in the aging population.
introduction.
the circadian variation of heart function and heart sounds in patients with and without heart failure ( hf ) is poorly understood.
we hypothesized hf patients would exhibit less circadian variation with worsened cardiac function and sleep apnea.
methods.
subjects wore a heart sound / ecg / respiratory monitor.
the data were analyzed for sleep apnea , diastolic heart sounds , and systolic time intervals.
results.
the control group showed more circadian variation in cardiac function.
the hf subjects had more sleep apnea and higher occurrence of heart rate non-dipping.
conclusions.
the control subjects demonstrated an increasing incidence of diastolic dysfunction with age , while systolic function was mostly unchanged with aging.
objectives : the study develops strategies for implementing ubiquitous healthcare ( u-health ) based on previous experiences of the healthcare professionals.
conclusion : based on the results of this study , desirable u-health services from the perspective of healthcare professionals were proposed.
background : iran is presently designing a long-term plan for promoting science , technology and innovation in medicine.
here , we sought to clarify such trends in iran and compare them to trends reported for similar developing countries.
data were collected using audiotapes , which were then transcribed.
interim analysis was used for member checking and triangulated data from other recent studies were used to increase the trustworthiness of findings.
conclusions : the circumstances and future of a given community's health should be kept in mind when policymakers plan for changes in medical education.
the increasing aging population has highlighted the need to deliver post-acute care and to assess its appropriateness.
results : the tool was valid and the inappropriate patient stay ( ips ) score was @percent@.
conclusion : although reasonably low , the ips indicates that the rehabilitation structures analysed could be used more efficiently.
facet degeneration was more severe at the l4 / 5 level and progressed along with ivd degeneration with age.
the present study investigated object recognition impairment and the existence of category effects in patients with mild alzheimer's disease.
the group of alzheimer's patients were impaired in all experimental tests as compared to healthy participants.
this result suggests an impairment of multiple levels of object integration processing even at an early stage of the disease.
the patients also demonstrated a category effect with massive difficulties in recognizing human actions and musical instruments as compared to the other categories.
although some hiv-dedicated treatment centers offer comprehensive medical services , other models of hiv care potentially exist and should be developed and evaluated.
some csf-tau may leak into the blood.
we also analyzed serum-tau levels in healthy volunteers as a control group ( n = @number@ ) .
serum- as well as csf-tau levels were significantly elevated in cjd group compared to those in ad , non-cjd-rpd and healthy control groups.
serum-tau would be a simple and useful marker to distinguish cjd from ad and non-cjd-rpd , requiring further large study to confirm this.
background : a surgical technique was developed to soften the nasolabial folds by liposuction and severing of the cutaneous insertions of the mimetic muscles.
this procedure was used for @number@ patients from @date@ to @date@ .
methods : with the patients under local tumescent anesthesia , extraoral incisions were made in nine cases and intraoral incisions in two cases.
liposuction was performed superior and lateral to the nasolabial fold using an order-made one-hole @number@.5-mm cannula.
after liposuction , the fibrae septa and the cutaneous insertions of the mimetic muscles in the nasolabial region were severed by a sharp-edge eye scissors.
compressive dressings were maintained for @number@ days.
results : all the patients , followed up from @number@ months to @number@ years , were satisfied with the aesthetic results.
both the depth and the length of the nasolabial folds were decreased conspicuously.
the most obvious change was improvement in the lateral part of the nasolabial folds.
the extraoral scars were almost imperceptible.
severe complications were not observed in this series.
the procedure is simple , and the anatomic causes for deepening of the nasolabial folds can be corrected.
patients usually are satisfied with the final postoperative results.
when telomeres are shortened to a critical length , they will initiate chromosomal instability ( cin ) and may finally cause tumorigenesis.
the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the shortened telomere as a potential biomarker for tumorigenesis in gastric carcinoma.
telomere length increased gradually with increasing uicc stage ( p = @number@ ) .
in summary , telomere length undergoes shortening in early stage gastric carcinoma and lengthening in advanced gastric carcinoma.
additionally , telomere shortening may initiate the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma.
in this study , we investigated the cytoprotective effects of inonotus obliquus against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and premature senescence.
pretreatment with i. obliquus scavenged intracellular ros and prevented lipid peroxidation in hydrogen peroxide-treated human fibroblasts.
as a result , i. obliquus exerted protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and premature senescence in human fibroblasts.
taken together , these results demonstrate that i. obliquus can prevent the aging process by attenuating oxidative stress in a model of stress-induced premature senescence.
a range of acceptable positions would be more helpful and realistic to a surgeon trying to ensure adequate prosthesis positions.
background : patients on hemodialysis present an increased risk of cardiovascular death.
intimal media thickness ( imt ) and presence of arterial calcifications are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients.
objective : to assess the prevalence of imt and arterial calcifications in hd patients and to correlate image findings with clinical and laboratory data.
methods : cross-sectional study involving @number@ patients on dialysis for > 12 months.
patients underwent b-mode ultrasound scan ( us ) for determination of imt of the distal third of the common carotid arteries.
arterial calcifications were assessed by us of carotids , femoral and tibial arteries , and labeled positive if calcification was found in any arterial site.
results : patients were 52±13 years old , @percent@ were males and @percent@ were diabetics.
imt > @number@ mm was found in @percent@ of cases and arterial calcifications at us in @percent@.
conclusion : increased imt and calcifications at us are common findings in hemodialysis patients.
aging and smoking are consistent determinants for both image alterations.
parathyroid hormone elevation is associated with increased imt.
diabetes and time on dialysis substantially increase the risk for arterial calcification.
background : hiv infection has been associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture.
we explored whether or not this increased risk persisted in hiv infected and uninfected men when controlling for traditional fragility fracture risk factors.
we calculated adjusted hazard ratios comparing hiv status and controlling for demographics and other established risk factors.
however , adjusting for bmi attenuated this association [ hr : @number@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @number@ ) ] .
conclusions / significance : hiv infection is associated with fragility fracture risk.
this risk is attenuated by bmi.
study objectives : to determine how aging affects the impact of sleep deprivation on blood pressure at rest and under orthostatic challenge.
design : subjects underwent a night of sleep and @number@ h of sleep deprivation in a crossover counterbalanced design.
setting : sleep laboratory.
interventions : sleep deprivation.
measurements and results : brachial cuff arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured in semi-recumbent and upright positions.
these measurements were compared across homeostatic sleep pressure conditions and age groups.
sleep deprivation induced a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly but not young adults.
moreover , sleep deprivation attenuated the systolic blood pressure orthostatic response in both age groups.
exposure to thcy , gene status and other variables of interest were obtained from assessments 4-7 years earlier.
the results of this study are consistent with , but do not prove the hypothesis that high thcy causes cognitive impairment in later life.
the poor state of health in men compared to their female counterparts is well documented.
in malaysia , the main causes of death in men are non-communicable diseases and injuries.
risk factors , such as risk-taking behaviour , smoking and hypertension , are prevalent and amenable to early interventions.
erectile dysfunction , premature ejaculation and prostate disorders are also prevalent.
however , many of these morbidities go unreported and are not diagnosed early ; therefore , opportunities for early intervention are missed.
this reflects poor health knowledge and inadequate health-care utilisation among malaysian men.
their health-seeking behaviour has been shown to be strongly influenced by family members and friends.
however , more research is needed to identify men's unmet health-care needs and to develop optimal strategies for addressing them.
the existing male-unfriendly health-care system and the negative influence of masculinity on men's health behaviour must be addressed.
a national men's health policy based on a male-friendly approach to health-care delivery is urgently needed to provide a framework for addressing these challenges.
fixation , central , subfield , and mean retinal thickness were acquired together with macular sensitivity function.
thickness and sensitivity as primary outcome measures were mapped and superimposed correlating topographically differentiated macular thickness with sensitivity.
statistical evaluation was performed with age , gender , and ethnicity as covariates.
mean retinal sensitivity and thickness were calculated for @number@ healthy eyes ( mean age , @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
no statistically significant differences in the primary outcome measures or their correlations were found when using gender or ethnicity as a covariate.
no relationship was detected between retinal thickness and retinal sensitivity in the healthy macula.
we studied the influence of cultural assimilation on the prevalence and presentation of depressive symptoms in elderly japanese american men.
we created a cultural assimilation scale ( cas ) using @number@ questions assessing the degree of japanese identity and lifestyle compared to a western one.
subjects were divided into tertiles of cas score for analysis.
conclusions : : prevalent depressive symptoms were significantly lower among elderly japanese american men who were most culturally japanese , compared to more westernized men.
improving knowledge and understanding about the pathogenesis of depression will have important public health implications.
introduction : soluble mesothelin ( sm ) and megakaryocyte potentiating factor ( mpf ) are serum biomarkers of mesothelioma.
methods : asbestos-exposed individuals , with no malignant disease at inclusion , were surveilled for @number@ years with annual measurements of sm and mpf.
fixed thresholds were set at @number@ nmol / l for sm and @time@ / ml for mpf.
the latter represents the proportion of total biomarker variance accounted for by the between-individual variance.
results : a total of @number@ participants were included , of whom @number@ and @number@ provided a second sample and third sample , respectively.
two participants with normal sm and mpf levels presented afterward with mesothelioma and lung cancer , respectively.
participants with elevated biomarker levels were typically older and had a lower gfr.
during follow-up , biomarker levels significantly increased.
longitudinal analysis indicated that this was in part due to aging , while changes in gfr had a less pronounced effect on serial biomarker measurements.
large-scale validation remains nevertheless mandatory to elucidate whether such an approach can improve the early detection of mesothelioma.
these mechanisms include genetic modulations , telomere shortening , oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction , all markers of cell senescence.
background : increased mortality risk at low body mass index values is well established for older persons.
as a secondary objective , the influence of cancer , obstructive lung disease , smoking and previous weight loss on these associations was examined.
methods : data were used from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam , a random population-based cohort study ( 55-85 years ) in the netherlands.
body composition was determined in 1995-1996 by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
the present study included @number@ community-dwelling persons aged ≥65 years who were followed until @number@ for their vital status.
results : twelve-year mortality rates were 133 / 242 ( @percent@ ) in men and 92 / 235 ( @percent@ ) in women.
the causality of these associations is debated.
suggested sex differences deserve further study.
the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on electrogastrograms ( eggs ) .
on the basis of the eggs of elderly individuals , the effect of hot stupe application on the epigastrium was also evaluated.
a hot stupe was placed on the epigastrium of each elderly patient @number@ min after the postural change.
we evaluated eggs by spectral analysis and nonlinear analysis.
we also observed a gender-specific characteristic , wherein the gastrointestinal motility of the young women was likely only influenced by postural change.
moreover , the translation error in the eggs of the elderly individuals increased during hot stupe heating.
our findings also indicated that hot stupe application on the epigastrium was effective for improving gastrointestinal motility in elderly individuals.
objective : beyond age , having a family history is the most significant risk factor for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
we also analyzed apoe4-related atrophy.
results : cognitively normal fh + individuals had significantly increased whole-brain gray matter atrophy and csf expansion compared to fh-.
when fh + groups were split , only fhm was associated with longitudinal measures of brain change.
individuals with an ε4 allele had more regional atrophy in the frontal cortex compared to ε4 noncarriers.
this article describes the population and outcomes of the reach va translation of reach ii into the va.
a 2-hour decrease in hours per day on duty approached significance.
caregivers ( @percent@ ) believed that the program should be provided by the va to caregivers.
this model of caregiver support can inform public policy in providing assistance to caregivers.
the elderly are prone to postprandial hyperglycemia that increases their cardiovascular risk.
although insulin therapy is necessary to treat diabetes , high plasma concentrations of insulin may cause the development of atherosclerosis and accelerate endothelial senescence.
physiological concentrations of insulin preserved telomere length and delayed endothelial senescence under high-glucose conditions.
the effect of insulin under high-glucose conditions was associated with reduced reactive oxygen species and increased nitric oxide ( no ) .
small interfering rna targeting endothelial no synthase reduced the antisenescence effects of insulin.
physiological concentrations of insulin also reversed high glucose-induced increases in p53 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and decreases in senescence marker protein-30.
finally , streptozotocin-induced diabetes showed more senescent cells in the aortic endothelium of aged rats compared with age-matched control and insulin-treated animals.
conclusively , the regulatory effects of insulin on endothelial senescence were modulated by the glucose environment.
these data may help explain insulin's complicated roles in atherosclerosis in the elderly.
purpose : alaska natives ( ans ) view aging from a holistic perspective , which is not typical of the existing successful aging literature.
design and methods : data were gathered from @number@ elders aged 61-93 years in @number@ bristol bay communities in southwest alaska.
objectives : virtual touch tissue quantification is a promising new implementation of the acoustic radiation force impulse ultrasound technique.
methods : one hundred twenty healthy volunteers were involved in this study.
the shear wave velocities did not differ between the inner and outer glands in any age group.
they were all significantly greater in the old group than in the young and middle-aged groups ( p < @number@ ) .
moreover , the shear wave velocities at the inner and outer glands all correlated significantly with age.
methods : in this cross-sectional observational study , @number@ korean healthy subjects aged from @number@ to @number@ years were included.
results : the mean inner retinal layer thickness for the entire population was @number@ μm.
thinner inner retinal layer measurements were associated with older age ( p = @number@ ) and greater axial length ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no relationship between inner retinal layer thickness and sex , anterior chamber depth , optic disc area , or central corneal thickness.
conclusions : inner retinal layer thickness , as measured by fd-oct , varies significantly with age and axial length.
the effect is small but clinically relevant in the interpretation of inner retinal layer thickness measurements.
purpose.
methods.
the retinal vasculature and nv were evaluated on p21.
results.
eyes that received the @number@ μg dose were indistinguishable from controls.
in oxygen-treated animals , all eyes injected with vegf trap exhibited markedly less intravitreal nv than that of hfc-injected fellow eyes , irrespective of dose.
eyes with existing nv that received @number@ μg vegf trap at p22 exhibited substantial resolution of oir pathology at p45.
conclusions.
the vegf trap inhibited the formation of nv , but higher doses also inhibited revascularization of retina when injected at p8.
in contrast , the lowest dose tested effectively blocked nv and caused regression of existing nv , without appreciably affecting vasculogenesis or retinal revascularization.
these findings suggest that dose selection is an important variable when considering the use of vegf-targeting agents for the treatment of rop.
sleep is essential , but poses a risk to breathing in some children.
some factors increase the risk of adenotonsillar surgery and should be excluded before contemplating surgery in a secondary care setting.
screening for srbd is indicated in some conditions , which are discussed.
although simple studies may suffice for many patients , there are a few who need more detailed assessment with polysomnography.
a managed clinical network would be the most appropriate model to ensure appropriate organisation and utilisation of scarce resources in this area.
background : decreases of strength and speed of muscle contraction are considered major causes of functional impairments in older people.
however , the age-related changes in grip force-generating capacity are not clear.
all participants performed the maximal explosive grip test three times.
results : the majority of rgfds of young women were higher than those of the older ones.
conclusions : the present results showed a decrease of the output parameters of the explosive grip force test in older women.
evaluation of explosive grip force generation using rgfd may be used as an assessment tool , providing more detailed information on the grip function.
the relationship between ages , rage , and inflammation has not been well characterized.
log plasma esrage was not significantly associated with log il-1β , log tnf-α , il-6r , log il-18 , or crp.
conclusions : plasma esrage is correlated with higher il-6 and lower il-1ra.
these findings suggest that plasma esrage plays a role in modulating inflammation , although the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
research approach : qualitative , descriptive study guided by grounded theory.
setting : participants ' homes or apartments in southern california.
participants : @number@ women aged @number@ years or older who recently completed treatment for breast cancer.
methodologic approach : semistructured , individual interviews.
the analytic approach was constructivist grounded theory.
main research variables : gero-oncology perspective of accessing care across the breast cancer trajectory.
the women navigated beyond the triple barriers to life after cancer.
women described how the services of an oncology nurse navigator facilitated their progress.
conclusions : despite diverse sociodemographic circumstances and challenges in the healthcare system , all women successfully navigated the triple barriers.
interpretation : effective age-appropriate care requires sensitivity to the unique needs of older people newly diagnosed with cancer.
more research is needed that specifically focuses on the role of oncology nurse navigators in older populations.
cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) has been associated with cell growth regulation , tissue remodeling , and carcinogenesis.
ectopic expression of cox-2 in hepatocytes constitutes a nonphysiological condition ideal for evaluating the role of prostaglandins ( pgs ) in liver pathogenesis.
moreover , liver injury , collagen content , and hepatic stellate cell activation were equally severe in wild-type and cox-2 tg mice.
endogenous cox-2 expression in wild-type mice is a late event in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
the effects of schisandrin b ( sch b ) and its analogs on solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury were examined in bj human fibroblasts.
sch b and schisandrin c ( sch c ) increased cellular reduced glutathione ( gsh ) level and protected against solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury.
the photoprotection was paralleled by decreases in the elastases-type protease activity and expression in solar-irradiated fibroblasts.
the cytochrome p-450-mediated metabolism of sch b or sch c caused ros production.
nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health , and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries.
the recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals.
consequently , most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men.
this article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
to what extent does our visual-spatial attention change with age ?
in this regard , it has been previously reported that relative to young controls , seniors show delays in attention-related sensory facilitation.
participants responded to attended and unattended peripheral targets while we recorded event-related potentials ( erps ) to both targets and attention-directing spatial cues.
at the same time , seniors also had significantly higher error rates for targets presented in the left vs. right visual field.
moreover , the composite network type variable stands out in capturing the differences in mental state.
the construct of network type should be incorporated in mental health screening among older people who reside in the community.
one's social network type can be an important initial indicator that one is at risk.
however , there are relatively few publications on the use of mental health legislation in the detention of older adults.
this paper examines the civil detention of older adults in one scottish region under successive mental health legislation.
pubmed lists over @number@ references ( @number@ reviews ) on unintentional falls in older adults.
this article traces key methodological milestones in the application of epidemiologic methods since the earliest publications in the late 1940s.
seer-medicare-linked database ( @number@ white men and women aged ≥ @number@ with invasive melanoma [ regional and distant stages ] ; 1991-1999 ) was used.
ses was measured by census tract poverty level ( average of @number@ and @number@ census data ) .
covariates were sociodemographics , tumor characteristics , and comorbidity index.
these findings reflect socioeconomic disparities in chemotherapy use for melanoma among older white patients in the united states.
this article presents an overview of the psychosocial factors that influence older people's participation in physical activity interventions to prevent falls.
in general , the relations are weak , and not all subjects with svd become demented or get parkinsonism.
both cannot be properly appreciated with conventional mri.
diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) provides alternative information on microstructural white matter integrity.
the association between svd , its microstructural integrity , and incident dementia and parkinsonism has never been investigated.
first follow up is being prepared for @date@ .
when proven , these changes might function as a surrogate endpoint for cognitive and motor function in future therapeutic trials.
our data could furthermore provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cognitive and motor disturbances in elderly with svd.
stem cells are undifferentiated cells , which have the important properties of self-renewal and differentiation.
adipose-derived stem cells ( adsc ) have relative advantages in accessibility and abundance compared to other kinds of stem cells.
regeneration therapy using adsc has received attention in the treatment of various dermatologic diseases.
in this study , we investigated whether adsc could be used as an anti-ageing therapy , especially by dermal collagen synthesis and angiogenesis.
subcutaneous injection of adsc significantly increased collagen synthesis in hairless mice , and dermal thickness , collagen density and fibroblast number also increased.
in addition , procollagen type i protein and mrna expression increased , which accounts for the increased dermal collagen density.
angiogenesis , which was visualized by cd31 and ng2 immunofluorescence stains , also increased in adsc-treated skin.
our results suggest that adsc therapy may be useful in ageing skin.
its effects are mainly mediated by stimulating collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts and increasing angiogenesis.
although age-related changes in cancellous bone structure in human are relatively well characterized , few studies have addressed changes in cortical bone.
we have investigated age-related changes in iliac crest bone biopsy specimens from @number@ normal subjects , @number@ men and @number@ women , aged 18-90 years.
a significant decrease in cortical width and area was seen ( p = 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively ) , with no difference between sexes.
objectives : to estimate the prevalence and demographic distribution of treated epilepsy in a community-based population.
we adjusted for the effect of disease-related non-response bias by imputation methods.
in the normal state of a cell , endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems maintain the level of reactive oxygen species generated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
thus , the signaling mechanisms within mitochondria , and between the organelle and its environment , have gained interest as potential drug targets.
a increased collagen synthesis in dose dependant manner was also observed ( p < @number@ ) .
the frequency of spontaneous contraction and the mda decreased significantly ( p < @number@ @date@ ) .
the decreased relaxation response to iso and increased contractile response to atp were also changed after administrating sqjn.
conclusion : sqjn can regulate the metabolism of fluid through recovering the normal physiologic function of the detrusor of bladder.
after oral administration , anthocyanins can pass through blood-brain barrier and thus appear in various organs and brain.
improve visual function by increasing rhodopsin regeneration and ocular health is the earliest reported bioactivities of anthocyanin.
blueberries can eradicate microorganisms for the prevention of symptomatic urinary tract infections in women.
thus , blueberries are recognized as one of the most nutritious foods and cultivated worldwide.
the transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by normal metabolic adaptation or injury has been clarified over the past decade.
there has been considerable interest in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ( ppar ) in the kidney , which affect multiple processes in addition to mitochondrial biogenesis.
as yet there is relatively little information focused specifically on mitochondrial biogenesis and its regulation by pparγ coactivators and their modulators such as sirt1.
the available data indicate that these pathways will be fruitful areas for study in the modification of renal disease.
tar dna-binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) plays a key role in the neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
the nature of the tdp-43-mediated neurotoxicity associated with these diseases is not yet understood.
the c. elegans models developed severe locomotor defects associated with the aggregation of tdp-43 in neurons.
in comparison to parallel cu / zn superoxide dismutase worm models , transgenic full-length tdp-43 , including the wt protein , was highly neurotoxic.
in addition , tdp-43 demonstrated an unusually high tendency to aggregate , a property intrinsic to the wt protein.
the c-terminal @number@ kda fragment of tdp-43 was unstable but remarkably aggregation-prone.
distinct disulfide-linked tdp-43 dimers and oligomers were detected.
the effect of age on trace element contents in intact prostate of @number@ apparently healthy 13-60 years old men was investigated by neutron activation analysis.
a tendency of age-related increase in co , fe , hg , sc , and zn content was observed.
we analyzed self-report data and electronic medical and pharmacy record data from @number@ participants in the veterans aging cohort study.
bivariate associations were analyzed using chi-squared tests , t tests , and median tests , and multivariable associations were assessed using logistic regression.
median participant age was @number@ years ; @percent@ were men ; @percent@ were black , and @percent@ were hiv infected.
nmu was reported by @percent@ of participants.
patients with and without nmu did not differ on hiv status or sf-12 physical component summary.
the results remained unchanged when the model was further adjusted for ethnicity.
we did not detect an association between testosterone and cognitive performance.
recent studies have reported that leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is longer in offspring of older fathers.
longer telomeres might increase cancer risk.
we conclude that older fathers endow their offspring with a longer ltl and their daughters with increased susceptibility to breast cancer.
these independent observations cannot provide evidence for a causal relationship , mediated by telomere length , between fab and increased breast cancer risk in daughters.
background : use of colonoscopy is thought to reduce colorectal cancer ( crc ) mortality , but its impact at the population level is unclear.
objective : to estimate the effect of current colonoscopy use on crc mortality and its further potential in reducing crc mortality.
setting : the @number@ u.s. population aged @number@ years and older.
exposure : colonoscopy within @number@ years or less.
main outcome measurements : percentages and absolute numbers of crc deaths prevented and potentially preventable by colonoscopy.
limitations : uncertainty in effectiveness estimates.
these findings highlight the potential benefits from public health interventions to increase the use of screening colonoscopy.
objective : to determine the characteristics of the newly injured and prevalent population with spinal cord injury ( sci ) and assess trends over time.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : sci model systems and shriners hospital sci units.
participants : the study population included people whose injuries occurred from @number@ to @number@ ( n = 45 , 442 ) .
the prevalent population was estimated based on those who were still alive in @number@
losses to follow-up ( approximately @percent@ ) were excluded from the prevalent population.
interventions : not applicable.
results : mean age at injury increased @number@ years since the 1970s.
injuries caused by falls and injuries resulting in high-level tetraplegia and ventilator dependency are increasing , while neurologically complete injuries are decreasing.
discharge to a nursing home is increasing.
prevalent cases tend to be less severely injured than incident cases , and less than @percent@ of prevalent cases reside in nursing homes.
within the prevalent population , life satisfaction and community participation are greater among persons who are at least @number@ years postinjury.
these findings are a result of very high mortality rates observed after @number@ years of age.
conclusions : within the prevalent population , the percentage of elderly persons will not increase meaningfully.
mitochondrial dysfunction has long been associated with the aging process and the onset of numerous diseases.
regulation of the complex protein-folding environment within the organelle is essential for maintaining efficient metabolic output.
here , we review mitochondrial protein quality control with a focus on organelle biogenesis and aging.
purpose of study : to determine the effects of ageing and training experience on attitude towards performing basic life support ( bls ) .
methods : we gave a questionnaire to attendants of the courses for bls or safe driving in authorised driving schools.
the questionnaire included questions about participants ' backgrounds.
in all four scenarios , the proportion of respondents willing to perform bls was lowest in the elderly group.
more respondents in the elderly group were willing to follow the telephone-assisted instruction rather than performing cpr under their own initiative.
multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed ageing as an independent factor related to negative attitude in all scenarios.
gender , occupation , resident area , experience with bls training and knowledge about aed use were other independent factors.
prior bls training did not increase willingness to make an emergency call.
conclusion : the aged population has a more negative attitude towards performing bls.
bls training should be modified to help the elderly gain confidence with the essential elements of bls , including making early emergency calls.
this decline in muscle mass , known as sarcopenia , is frequently observed in postmenopausal women.
potential causes of sarcopenia include age-related changes in the hormonal status , low levels of physical activity , reduced protein intake and increased oxidative stress.
however , the role of sex hormones , specifically estrogens , on the onset of sarcopenia is controversial.
preventing sarcopenia and preserving muscle strength are highly relevant in order to prevent functional impairment and physical disability.
to date , resistance training has been shown to be effective in attenuating age-related muscle loss and strength.
however , results on the effect of hormonal supplementation to treat or prevent sarcopenia are contradictory.
further research is needed to identify other potential mechanisms of sarcopenia as well as effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
therefore , the purpose of this review will be to examine the role of sex hormonal status in the development of sarcopenia.
new cancer cases are increasing steadily due to population aging , among other factors.
consequently , the number of long-term survivors can be expected to increase in the years to come.
this increase will tax healthcare systems , which are already showing the limitations of the present model of follow-up.
new scenarios should be assessed and proposed from both the management and clinical perspectives.
in spain , these experiences are scarce.
twenty-three autopsy-confirmed lbd cases with an mri scan close to death ( mean @number@ years ) were studied.
mri-based volumetric measures were calculated for total intracranial volume , hippocampus , entorhinal cortex , and amygdala.
quantitative neuropathological analysis of plaques , tangles , and lewy bodies were carried out in the same regions.
spearman's rho was used to examine correlations between mri volumes and neuropathology measures and linear regression to assess the relationship between neuropathology and mri volumes.
there were no other significant correlations between regional mri volume and measures of neuropathology.
a student description form and the ageism attitude scale ( aas ) were the data collection instruments used in this study.
statistical evaluation of the data included percentage , median and kruskal wallis test and mann-whitney u-test.
of the students in this study @percent@ had completed coursework in elderly health as part of undergraduate study.
average scores on the aas students were @number@ ± @number@ points.
these students tended to have positive attitudes toward aging.
androgens regulate fat mass and glucose homeostasis , but the effect of androgenic hormones on skeletal muscle fat infiltration is largely unknown.
in addition , glucuronidated androgen metabolites were associated with less subcutaneous fat ( r = @number@ to @number@ p < @number@ ) .
a crucial task in social interaction involves understanding subjective mental states.
here we report two experiments with toddlers exploring whether they can use statistical evidence to infer the subjective nature of preferences.
we found that 2-year-olds were likely to interpret another person's nonrandom sampling behavior as a cue for a preference different from their own.
we found similar but weaker patterns of responses in 16-month-olds.
these results suggest that the ability to infer the subjectivity of preferences based on sampling information begins to emerge between @number@ months and @number@ years.
age-dependent changes in the cellular immune response have been mainly described in cd8 + t cells , with relative sparing of cd4 + t cells.
in contrast , effector cd4 + t-cell subsets in older adults share similar phenotypic and functional characteristics with those from young adults.
allostatic load represents the strain that chronic stress exerts on interconnected biological systems.
our results revealed that increased allostatic load was associated with increased depressive symptoms on the same year of assessment.
after @number@ years , al was prospectively associated with depressive symptoms , but entering age and sex as covariates attenuated this effect to a trend.
only age emerged as a significant predictor of depressive symptoms over @number@ years.
these findings suggest that increased al in older age is only associated with depressive symptomatology acutely.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) results in a variable degree of cerebral atrophy that is not always related to cognitive measures across studies.
however , the use of different methods for examining atrophy may be a reason why differences exist.
results demonstrated that the various qmri measures were highly interrelated and that corrected measures proved to be the most robust measures related to neuropsychological performance.
the aim of this study was to examine the impact of age on the perceptions of mental and physical health in an australian population.
a cross-sectional study of the queensland population was conducted via telephone interviews ( n = @number@ ) .
the short form-12 health survey was used to measure the population's perceived physical and mental health and additional demographic information was collected.
groups with participants who were aged 18-24 , 25-34 , 35-44 , 45-54 , 55-64 , and > @number@ years were compared.
conversely , the older participants scored significantly lower than the younger participants on the physical health scale.
further research is warranted to consider the factors that might influence the perceptions of mental health across the life span.
possible pathophysiologic mechanisms common to both t2dm and ad are glucose toxicity and a direct effect of insulin on amyloid metabolism.
evidence is growing linking precursors of amyloid deposition in the brain and pancreas to the pathogenesis of ad and t2dm , respectively.
at the moment , genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have begun to elucidate the genetic architecture of chronic diseases including , t2dm and ad.
the literature has suggested that the use of insulin sensitizers and statins is correlated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older persons.
in this paper , we will explore recent findings regarding diverse single nucleotide polymorphisms from gwas on t2dm , ad and both.
it has been demonstrated that even the slightest degree of metabolic acidosis produces insulin resistance in healthy humans.
many recent epidemiological studies link metabolic acidosis indicators with insulin resistance and systemic hypertension.
elevated fruits and vegetables consumption has been associated with lower diabetes incidence.
there was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between @number@ groups ( p > @number@ ) .
results : the incision healing of both groups by first intention was achieved.
the patients were followed up 12-30 months with an average of @number@ months.
objective : to explore the relationship between chronic prostatitis ( cp ) and prostatic calculus ( pc ) .
then we analyzed the nih-cpsi scores , duration of symptoms and white blood cell count in the expressed prostate secretion ( esp ) .
falls and fragility fractures are common , dangerous , and important public health challenges.
they are best understood as geriatric syndromes with close relation to frailty and other aging-related health problems.
they are associated with many risk factors , in all health domains - physical , psychological , social , and environmental.
at a population level , the challenge is to improve the health and well-being of all older people to reduce the incidence of falls.
at a clinical level , the challenge is to assess the individual risk factors and apply evidence-based individually tailored , multifactorial interventions.
the most powerful component is strength-and-balance exercise training.
the socio-cultural and economic contexts in developing countries influence the epidemiology or stis and helps in making them an important public health priority.
this cross sectional study was carried out comprising or eight hundred reproductive age ( 15-49 years ) women selected following a multistage sampling procedure.
the information pertaining to health seeking behaviour were collected from them using a pre-designed pretested interview schedule.
out of total @number@ subjects with symptoms of rtls / stls only about one-third ( @percent@ ) had sought treatment.
only a few ( @percent@ ) had sought treatment within @number@ month of appearance of symptoms.
considering it to be physiological about half of the subjects ( @percent@ ) did not seek treatment.
the treatment seeking pattern was highly associated with the level of education ( p = @number@ ) .
aortic stenosis ( as ) is common and is the commonest reason for valve surgery in the western hemisphere.
calcific or a degenerative process is the most common cause of this pathological process and increases with aging population.
avr is forbidden by guidelines in severe as patients with no symptoms.
the guidelines are based on an analysis of natural history studies of as and risk and durability of avr.
abstract : chronic organic mitral regurgitation resulting from mitral valve prolapse is increasing in prevalence due to aging of the population.
whether further advances in imaging , robotic surgery , and percutaneous mitral valve repair lead to even better outcomes remains to be seen.
we examined the association between selected inflammation gene polymorphisms and crc risk.
this risk estimate was consistent across locations and stages of crc ( range of ors , @number@ @date@ ) .
our results support a role of variants in inflammatory pathway genes in crc susceptibility and progression.
age is the greatest risk factor for the development of epithelial cancers.
calcific aortic stenosis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the aging population.
surgical replacement remains the treatment of choice for this disease.
partial volume correction ( pvc ) was performed in the voi analysis.
results : the 5-ht ( 2a ) r bp ( nd ) s decreased with age , a relationship best described by an exponential-decay regression.
patients with an activation mutation of the lrp5 gene exhibit high bone mass ( hbm ) .
limited information is available regarding compartment-specific changes in bone.
the relationship between the phenotype and serum serotonin is not well documented.
dxa and hr-pqct were used to assess bmd and bone structure.
serum serotonin , sclerostin , dickkopf-related protein @number@ ( dkk1 ) , and btm were evaluated.
tibial and radial cortical areas , thicknesses , and bmd were significantly higher in cases.
in conclusion , increased bone mass in lrp5-hbm patients seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure.
the phenotype appeared to progress with age , but btm did not suggest increased bone formation.
alcohol abuse leads to earlier onset of aging-related diseases , including cancer at multiple sites.
whether alcohol abusers exhibit accelerated biological aging , as reflected in pbl-tl , has never been examined.
the rs698 adh1c and rs671 aldh2 polymorphisms were not associated with tl.
this is particularly true of the collagen network , which is susceptible to cleavage once proteoglycans are depleted.
background : during the last years we have always found an increase of antibiotic resistance.
this increase is combined with high antibiotic consumption.
material and method : we describe the general development of bacterial resistance and factors that influence it.
data from two intensive care units are evaluated.
we describe the main anti-biotic-resistant isolates for surgery and the mechanisms to avoid the development of bacterial resistance.
results : the emergency increase of bacterial resistance shows severe clinical and economical problems.
for surgery especially the multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms represent an important hygienic and therapeutic problem.
in spite of knowledge of these problems for a number of years many reserves are still available for the care of critical patients.
this study explored age- and sex-related differences in orofacial strength.
healthy adult men ( n = @number@ ) and women ( n = @number@ ) participated in the study.
strength measures were obtained using the iowa oral performance instrument ( iopi ) .
anterior and posterior tongue elevation strength measures were obtained using a standard method.
lip and cheek strength measures were greater for men than women , but tongue strength did not differ between sex groups.
strong correlations between age and strength were not observed.
however , group comparisons revealed lower tongue protrusion and lateralization strength in the oldest participants.
the oldest participants also exhibited lower anterior and posterior tongue elevation strength relative to the middle-age group.
cheek and lip compression strength demonstrated no age-related differences.
the current study supplements and corroborates existing literature that shows that older adults demonstrate lower tongue strength than younger adults.
sex differences were noted such that men demonstrated greater lip and cheek strength but not tongue strength.
these data add to the literature on normal orofacial strength , allowing for more informed interpretations of orofacial weakness in persons with dysphagia.
increasing evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines are at play in lowering peripheral thyroid hormone levels during critical illness.
conversely , thyroid hormones have been suggested to enhance production of inflammatory cytokines.
in view of these considerations , we hypothesized a mutual association between triiodothyronine and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
therefore we evaluated the relation between both circulating and induced inflammatory markers and serum thyroid function parameters in the leiden 85-plus study.
we found that higher circulating levels of inflammatory markers were associated with lower levels of free serum triiodothyronine.
in turn , higher serum free triiodothyronine levels were related to higher production capacity of pro-inflammatory cytokines after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide.
we conclude that maintenance of normal thyroid function might be important for a preserved immune response in elderly human populations.
there is a paucity of knowledge from population data about sex differences and their age variation in physiological determinants of longevity.
statistical analyses show substantial sex differences , age variations , and sex by age interaction effects for all variables examined.
background : although physical activity has substantial health benefits and reduces mortality , few studies have examined its impact on survival beyond age @number@
this reduction was evident in all sex-age groups except the youngest men.
participants who reported spending @number@ or more hours / day in other less physically demanding activities also had significantly reduced risks of death of 15-30%.
conclusions : participation in leisure-time activities is an important health promoter in aging populations.
background : low socioeconomic status and high levels of body mass are two risk factors for elevated c-reactive protein , a biomeasure signifying inflammation.
methods : this study employs a representative survey of american adults , aged 57-84 years , using self-reported and laboratory measures.
additive and multiplicative linear regression models are used to analyze logged c-reactive protein levels ( mg / l ) drawn from assayed blood samples.
background : diabetes is associated with decreased muscle mass.
the effect of higher levels of glucose and insulin on muscle mass has not been studied in individuals without diabetes.
when considered together , the matsuda index and fasting glucose were the strongest predictors of lower midthigh muscle cross-sectional area after covariate adjustment.
conclusions : higher fasting and ogtt values of both glucose and insulin are associated with lower muscle mass.
the purpose of this study was to use an arterial spin labeling dynamic magnetic resonance angiography technique to characterize intracranial hemodynamics before and after cea.
methods : thirty-seven carotid artery disease patients participated in this study , of whom @number@ underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after cea.
seventeen control subjects spanning @number@ decades underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess age-related changes.
hemodynamic metrics ( that is , relative time to peak and amplitude ) were calculated with a γ-variate model.
linear regression was used to relate carotid artery disease burden to downstream hemodynamics in the circle of willis.
results : relative time to peak increased with age in controls ( p < 0.020 ) .
for patients , relative time to peak was positively correlated with percent stenosis ( p < 0.050 ) , independent of age.
no pre- versus post-cea changes were significant in the contralateral middle cerebral artery or posterior segments.
results demonstrate that the technique has the sensitivity to detect hemodynamic changes after cea.
background and purpose : dvrs have been previously associated with aging and cerebrovascular diseases.
however , little is known about their prevalence and topographic distribution in the general elderly population.
materials and methods : dvrs were evaluated by using high-resolution 3d mr imaging in @number@ subjects enrolled in the 3c-dijon mr imaging study.
results : dvrs were observed in the bg or wm in every subject.
large dvrs were detected in @percent@ of participants.
status cribrosum was found in @percent@ of participants. dvrs were also highly prevalent within the hippocampus ( @percent@ ) and hypothalamus ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : dvrs are always detected in the bg or wm in elderly people , and large dvrs are also prevalent.
the topographic distribution of dvrs is not uniform within the brain and may depend on anatomic or pathologic characteristics interacting with aging and sex.
the subclinical phenotypes of asymptomatic members of these families have not been evaluated with respect to tert mutation status or telomere length.
the two groups were matched for sex , age , and cigarette smoking.
three tert mutation carriers had ipf ( ipf carriers ) .
the rest of the carriers were apparently healthy ( asymptomatic carriers ) and were compared with the noncarriers.
carriers reported significantly earlier graying of hair than noncarriers.
tert mutation status is more accurately predicted by short telomere lengths than any of these measured phenotypes.
conclusions : tert mutation carriers exhibit early preclinical signs of lung fibrosis , bone marrow dysfunction , and premature graying.
these clinical features and short telomere lengths characterize patients with germline tert mutations.
liver x receptors ( lxrs ) play a critical role in regulating lipid synthesis and transport in numerous tissues.
in the skin , activation of lxr induces keratinocyte differentiation and improves epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.
the cistrome was integrated with transcription data to obtain a global view of lxr action in keratinocyte biology.
bioinformatics analysis of the cistrome revealed an enrichment of ap1 cis-regulatory motifs in the vicinity of the lxrβ-rxrα binding sites.
background : exposure to traffic-related air pollution ( trap ) contributes to increased cardiovascular risk.
land-use regression models can improve exposure assessment for trap.
we used linear mixed models to estimate associations , controlling for confounders.
we examined effect modification by statin use , obesity , and diabetes.
results : we found statistically significant positive associations between bc and sicam-1 for averages of @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks.
overall associations between svcam-1 and bc exposures were suggestive but not statistically significant.
we found a significant interaction with diabetes-where diabetics were more susceptible to the effect of bc-for both sicam-1 and svcam-1.
we also observed an interaction with statin use , which was statistically significant for svcam-1 and suggestive for sicam-1.
we found no evidence of an interaction with obesity.
background : rbd is a parasomnia that can develop in otherwise neurologically-normal adults as well as in those with a neurodegenerative disease.
confirmation of rbd requires polysomnography ( psg ) .
a simple screening measure for rbd is desirable for clinical and research purposes.
we assessed the validity of the msq by comparing the responses of patients ' bed partners with the findings on psg.
the profile of responses on four additional subquestions on rbd and one on obstructive sleep apnea improved specificity.
the utility of this scale in other patient populations will require further study.
objective : to investigate age trends , sex differences , and splitting of alpha peaks of the eeg spectrum in the healthy population.
methods : an automated multi-site algorithm was used to parametrize the alpha rhythm in @number@ healthy subjects aged 6-86 years.
alpha peaks identified from multiple electrode sites were organized into clusters of similar frequencies whose sex differences and age trends were investigated.
results : significant age-related trends were observed for frequency , position , and amplitude of dominant alpha peaks.
occipital sites had alpha clusters of higher average frequency , higher power , and greater presence across the scalp.
frequency and power differences were found between the sexes.
conclusion : observed increases in alpha frequency in children and decreases in the elderly were consistent with those from earlier studies.
the automated characterization enables objective evaluations of alpha band activities over large samples.
hikosaka et al.
younger and older adults practiced a 16-element movement sequence with one limb on day @number@ and the contra-lateral limb on day @number@
practice involved the same sequence with either the same visual-spatial or motor coordinates on the two days.
retention tests were conducted on day @number@
results indicated that keeping the visual-spatial coordinates the same during acquisition resulted in superior retention only for younger adults.
background : advances in gerontology have yielded crucial insights into the molecular and biochemical aspects of the ageing process.
alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is imposing an increasing burden on society , and is the leading cause of senile dementia worldwide.
mechanistically , sirt1 increases α-secretase production and activity through activation of the α-secretase gene adam10.
interestingly , the spatial patterns of aβ deposition in the brain might correlate with increased aerobic glycolysis in those regions.
on the other hand , therapeutic upregulation of sirt1 might provide opportunities for the amelioration of alzheimer's-disease-type neuropathology through inhibition of amyloidogenesis.
ultimately , further analysis into both aspects is necessary if any progress is to be made.
the transition from adolescence to adulthood is a critical stage in the human lifespan during which the brain still undergoes substantial structural and functional change.
the changing frequency composition of the resting state eeg reflects maturation of brain function.
this study investigated ( post ) adolescent brain maturation captured by two independently but simultaneously recorded neuronal signals : eeg and fmri.
data were collected in a @number@ min eyes-open / eyes-closed resting state paradigm.
a typical developmental decrease of low-frequency eeg power was observed even at this late stage of brain maturation.
frequency and condition specific eeg-fmri correlations proved robust for multiple brain regions.
however , no consistent change in the eeg-bold correlations was identified that would correspond to the neuronal maturation captured by the eeg.
aim : to evaluate the feasibility , efficacy , and safety of laparoscopic surgery for benign gynecological disease in women over @number@ years old.
materials and methods : fifty-four women over @number@ years old underwent surgery for benign gynecological disease from @date@ to @date@ .
the χ² -test and t-test were used to compare the results of the elderly group and the younger group.
conclusion : laparoscopic surgery in elderly women for benign gynecological disease is feasible , efficient , and safe.
however , a large prospective randomized study is needed to confirm the conclusion.
humans are exceptionally long-lived for mammals of their size.
in men , lifespan is hypothesized to evolve from benefits of reproduction throughout adult life.
however , remarriage did not increase grandchild production because it compromised the success of motherless first-marriage offspring.
overall , grandchild production was not improved by living beyond @number@ years and was reduced by living beyond @number@
our results highlight the importance of using grandchild production to understand selection on human life-history traits.
we conclude that selection for ( or enforcement of ) lifetime monogamy will select for earlier reproductive investment and against increased lifespan in men.
valid and reliable methods to measure nurses ' well-being at work as a positive phenomenon are needed.
factors promoting well-being at work need to be identified , which would enable targeting interventions and development in nursing work in an appropriate manner.
due to dissimilarity of many areas of nursing work and unique features of every age group , specialized and aligned scales are needed.
content validity was assessed by expert evaluation.
exploratory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity.
reliability ( internal consistency ) was assessed by cronbach's alpha coefficient.
content validity was good based on expert evaluations.
construct validity of the scale was also very good based on factor analysis.
in conclusion , the dranws is a reliable and valid scale to measure well-being at work of ageing hospital nurses focusing on dignity and respect.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) represents the most common form of senile dementia and represents a tremendous health problem as the world population is aging.
ad is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β-peptide ( aβ ) in the brain and the loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.
yet , there is no correlation between amyloid plaques and the degree of dementia.
in the past two decades researchers have devoted their effort to study and explain the mechanisms involved in the pathology of this devastating disease.
an aspect of crucial importance is the aggregation state of aβ peptide and its role in neuropathology.
with the development of living standard and the aging society , the incidences of metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia are getting higher and higher.
recent studies show that both metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia are associated with blood vessel injury , hyperinsulinemia and over-activity of the sympathetic nerve.
this article presents an overview on the interaction of these two diseases.
the model showed that the discounted total lifetime cost of medicare benefits was $ 174 , 018 per person , from age @number@ until death.
each risk-reduction scenario was associated with both annual and lifetime cost savings , which accounted for increased longevity associated with decreased risk profiles.
the model shows that there are substantial opportunities for savings through modest improvements to the health of the medicare population.
background : shift work is associated with sleep and health problems.
tolerance to shift work is reported to decrease with age.
shift work tolerance should be considered in different shift work populations.
material and methods : a total of @number@ workers participated.
the workers filled out questionnaires on demographics , work , sleep , and health.
there was a significant association between shift type and sleep duration , showing that swing shift workers had longer sleep duration than day shift workers.
there were significant associations between morningness and sleep latency , sleep efficiency , and insomnia.
conclusions : older workers may tolerate shift work well.
age , shift work exposure time , and shift type seemed not to affect shift work tolerance in this population.
however , this may be due to a healthy worker effect and / or selection bias.
a mixture of practice experience together with findings from the literature , this article explores social work practice with older people in hospital settings.
social work with older people has both therapeutic and practical components.
the importance of integrating a therapeutic approach into all aspects of social work practice with this population cannot be overestimated.
gerontology and geriatrics are interdisciplinary professions.
this article summarizes the partnerships created by the department of veterans affairs geriatric research , education , and clinical centers.
the education mission of the department of veterans affairs ( va ) is to train health professionals to benefit va and the united states.
these were developed at va hospital sites that had existing strong partnerships with schools of medicine already engaged in research on aging.
recent research has demonstrated that patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) show deficits in semantic processing when compared to cognitively healthy individuals.
this difference is thought to be attributed to losses in higher cortical systems that are predominantly associated with executive functioning.
the second aim will be to determine the extent to which semantic processing might be associated with executive functions.
data from @number@ ( @number@ cn , @number@ amci ) participants were analyzed to quantify differences in semantic clustering ratios on the hvlt-r.
study participants ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ with education ranging from @number@ to @number@ years.
ancova revealed statistically significant differences on semantic clustering ratios ( p < @number@ ) .
moderate correlations between semantic clustering category fluency test ( r = @number@ ) were also found.
statistically significant group differences were also present on trails-b and wais-r digit symbol performance ( p < @number@ ) .
overall , these data indicate that deficits in semantic clustering are present in amci patients.
success at crossword puzzles taxes several aspects of memory and cognition.
the purpose of this article is to consider hints that crosswords provide and questions that they prompt regarding how the mind works.
this study examines and further develops the classic strehler-mildvan ( sm ) general theory of mortality and aging.
these findings indicate that the sm theory needs to be generalized to incorporate heterogeneity among human populations.
autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation pathway for the breakdown of cytosolic macromolecules and organelles.
constitutive autophagy has a housekeeping role and is essential for survival , development and metabolic regulation.
autophagy is also responsive to stress and can degrade damaged proteins and organelles , oxidized lipids and intracellular pathogens.
defects in the autophagic degradation system are linked to disease pathogenesis and ageing.
different signalling pathways converge on autophagy to regulate lifespan in diverse organisms.
we discuss recent findings that provide insight into the cross-talk between this critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis and molecular mechanisms that promote longevity.
the indication for testosterone therapy in aging hypogonadal men without hypothalamic , pituitary , or testicular disease remains to be elucidated.
insulin-stimulated glucose disposal ( rd ) and substrate oxidation were assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps combined with indirect calorimetry.
bioavailable testosterone was calculated.
coefficients ( b ) represent the placebo-controlled mean effect of intervention.
no significant changes in insulin-stimulated rd was observed ( b = @number@.01mg / min / m ( @number@ ) , p = @number@ ) .
human beings have been recently reviewed as ' metaorganisms ' as a result of a close symbiotic relationship with the intestinal microbiota.
the hypothetical involvement of the age-related gut microbiota unbalances in the inflamm-aging , and immunosenescence processes will also be discussed.
the results of the few intervention trials reporting the use of pro / prebiotics in clinical conditions typical of the elderly will be critically reviewed.
epigenetic modifications of cytosine residues in the dna play a critical role for cellular differentiation and potentially also for aging.
in mesenchymal stromal cells ( msc ) from human bone marrow we have previously demonstrated age-associated methylation changes at specific cpg-sites of developmental genes.
@number@ cpg sites were more than @percent@ differentially methylated in fibroblasts upon aging.
very high hyper-methylation was observed in the aged group within the ink4a / arf / ink4b locus and this was validated by pyrosequencing.
age-associated dna methylation changes were related in fibroblasts and msc but they were often regulated in opposite directions between the two cell types.
in contrast , long-term culture associated changes were very consistent in fibroblasts and msc.
intravenous administration of ad-smp30-ha in mice results in the expression of all the three forms of smp30 in the liver and diaphragm.
lc-ms / ms results confirmed that the lower molecular weight @number@ kda and @number@ kda proteins are related to the @number@ kda smp30.
time course experiments in both cell lines suggest that the @number@ kda and @number@ kda smp30 forms are likely generated from the @number@ kda smp30.
interestingly , the @number@ kda and @number@ kda smp30 forms appeared initially in the cytosol and shifted to the particulate fraction.
telomere length and telomerase activity are important factors in the pathobiology of human diseases.
however , it has only partially been exploited to shed light on these fundamental biological processes.
our results also reveal a direct relationship between the expression of telomerase , telomere length and the efficiency of tissue regeneration.
the relationship between tact proportions and schistosome infection intensity remained unchanged with age.
however treg proportions rose significantly with increasing infection in the younger age group.
in contrast treg were negatively correlated to infection intensity in the older age group.
this may influence or reflect different stages of the development of protective schistosome acquired immunity and immunopathogenesis.
new models of health care delivery are inevitable.
the information technologies ( it ) infrastructure of health systems will need to adapt.
we seek to build an infrastructure that will support new patient-focused technologies designed to more efficiently and effectively support older individuals.
we hypothesize utility to further exploring the impact that new health care delivery models will have on health systems ' it infrastructures.
mammalian telomeres are formed by tandem repeats of the ttaggg sequence , which are progressively lost with each round of cell division.
telomere elongation is carried out by telomerase.
telomerase can also act as a transcriptional modulator of the wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway and has rna-dependent rna polymerase activity.
dysfunctional telomeres can lead to either cancer or ageing pathologies depending on the integrity of the ddr.
here we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) from fibroblasts obtained from patients with hgps.
hgps-ipscs show absence of progerin , and more importantly , lack the nuclear envelope and epigenetic alterations normally associated with premature ageing.
upon differentiation of hgps-ipscs , progerin and its ageing-associated phenotypic consequences are restored.
specifically , directed differentiation of hgps-ipscs to smcs leads to the appearance of premature senescence phenotypes associated with vascular ageing.
additionally , our studies identify dna-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit ( dnapkcs , also known as prkdc ) as a downstream target of progerin.
the absence of nuclear dnapk holoenzyme correlates with premature as well as physiological ageing.
a dual requirement for creb phosphorylation and crtc dephosphorylation is likely to explain how these activator-co-activator cognates discriminate between different stimuli.
following their activation , creb and crtcs mediate the effects of fasting and feeding signals on the expression of metabolic programmes in insulin-sensitive tissues.
klotho is a putative aging suppressor gene encoding a single-pass transmembrane co-receptor that makes the fibroblast growth factor ( fgf ) receptor specific for fgf-23.
ckd can be seen as a state of hyperphosphatemia-induced accelerated aging associated with klotho deficiency.
we contend that decreased klotho expression is the earliest biomarker of ckd and the initiator of ckd-mbd pathophysiology.
maintaining normal phosphate levels with phosphate binders in patients with ckd with declining klotho expression is expected to reduce mineral and vascular derangements.
purpose of review : to review evidence on the validity and utility of recent approaches to subtyping late-life mild cognitive impairment.
the former is more likely to progress to dementia than the latter.
the cognitive subtypes have imprecise boundaries and have limited ecological validity.
approaches to subtyping that also incorporate biomarkers increase diagnostic specificity and have greater predictive value.
however , these approaches have yet to be validated outside specialized memory clinic populations.
summary : mild cognitive impairment as currently defined is still etiologically and prognostically heterogeneous , particularly outside specialty clinical settings.
the objective of further subtyping is to delineate subgroups that are more clinically homogeneous.
the current cognitive subtypes have some validity and utility but additional approaches should be explored so as to enhance these properties.
as the medical education community celebrates the 100th anniversary of the seminal flexner report , medical education is once again experiencing significant pressure to transform.
the implication of these observations is that the medical education enterprise urgently needs an international initiative of faculty development around cbme and assessment.
the public , patients , and trainees need the medical education enterprise to improve training and outcomes now.
objective : neurodegeneration is now accepted as a pathologic hallmark of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
cell count and csf levels of immunoglobulin and albumin were also measured.
after age correction , nfh ( smi35 ) levels were found to be higher in all disease stages compared to control.
relapses were associated with higher csf nfh ( smi35 ) values compared with stable disease.
this was not the case for any of the other csf markers examined.
for ms , increased nfh ( smi35 ) levels reflect the superimposed presence of further neurodegenerative processes.
recent studies have demonstrated that the obese metabolic state can be improved by ablating certain inflammatory signaling pathways.
we used tpl2 knockout ( ko ) mice to investigate the role of tpl2 in mediating obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance.
results : we demonstrate that tpl2 deletion does not alter body weight gain or adipose depot weight.
conclusions : our results provide the first in vivo demonstration that tpl2 ablation attenuates obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
these data suggest tpl2 is a novel target for improving the metabolic state associated with obesity.
objective : optimal glucose homeostasis requires exquisitely precise adaptation of the number of insulin-secreting β-cells in the islets of langerhans.
insulin itself positively regulates β-cell proliferation in an autocrine manner through the insulin receptor ( ir ) signaling pathway.
it is now coming to light that cannabinoid @number@ receptor ( cb1r ) agonism / antagonism influences insulin action in insulin-sensitive tissues.
however , the cells on which the cb1rs are expressed and their function in islets have not been firmly established.
we undertook the current study to investigate if intraislet endogenous cannabinoids ( ecs ) regulate β-cell proliferation and if they influence insulin action.
research design and methods : we measured ec production in isolated human and mouse islets and β-cell line in response to glucose and kcl.
results : ecs are generated within β-cells , which also express cb1rs that are fully functioning when activated by ligands.
furthermore , cb1r activation impedes insulin-stimulated ir autophosphorylation on β-cells in a gα ( i ) -dependent manner.
anabolic steroid implants are commonly used to increase growth performance and carcass leanness.
a subsample of usda choice ( n = @number@ ) and usda select ( n = @number@ ) carcasses was selected.
strip loins from these carcasses were collected , and steaks measuring @number@ cm were fabricated and aged for @number@ or @number@ d postmortem.
however , implant affected ( p < @number@ ) overall liking , flavor , juiciness , and tenderness for usda select steaks aged @number@ d.
design and methods : a cross-sectional survey on @number@ community-dwelling men older than @number@ years of age.
muscle mass was examined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical performance was assessed by hand-grip strength , gait speed , step length and chair-stand test.
conclusions : testosterone level was related to both muscle mass , strength and physical performance.
total e ( @number@ ) level , though related to muscle mass positively , affected muscle strength adversely in older men.
participants and design : eighty-two patients aged > 75 years ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) were randomised to receive niv or smt.
settings : three respiratory units.
measurements : the primary outcome was the rate of meeting the endotracheal intubation ( eti ) criteria.
secondary outcomes were the mortality rate , the respiratory rate , dyspnoea score , arterial blood gases.
twenty-two of @number@ smt patients with dni orders received niv as a rescue therapy.
arterial blood gases , respiratory rate and dyspnoea improved significantly faster with niv than with smt.
conclusions : compared with smt , niv decreased the rate of meeting the eti criteria and the mortality rate of very old patients with ahrf.
niv should be offered as an alternative to patients considered poor candidates for intubation and those with a dni order.
background : aging and gender may affect left ventricular ( lv ) mechanics.
methods : rt3de was performed in @number@ healthy subjects ( age range , 1-88 years ; @number@ men ) .
from full-volume data sets , lv endocardial and epicardial borders were semiautomatically traced using quantitative software.
lv volumes and corresponding long-axis diameter were measured throughout the cardiac cycle.
lv mass was calculated as ( lv epicardial volume - lv endocardial volume ) × @number@
the ratio of lv mass to lv volume was also calculated.
results : the mean value of lv ejection fraction did not change with age.
higher lv mass / volume ratios in older women might be a contributor to the preferential development of diastolic heart failure in this population.
both metabolite ratios and absolute metabolite concentrations were evaluated.
analysis of covariance ( ancova ) and linear regression were used for statistical analysis.
an increased tcr / h2o was only observed in the pcc ( p < 0.01 ) .
no age-dependent naa decreases were observed in the pcc nor the hc.
objective : to evaluate the impact of varying levels of alcohol consumption on depressive symptoms over time in patients with and without hiv infection.
design : we used data from the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) .
participants : vacs is a prospectively enrolled cohort study of hiv-infected patients and age- , race- and site-matched hiv uninfected patients.
main measures : hazardous , binge drinking , alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were defined using standard criteria.
depressive symptoms were measured by the patient health questionnaire ( phq-9 ) .
the associations between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms persisted over three years and were responsive to changes in alcohol-related categories.
patients who switch to a higher or lower level of drinking experience a similar alteration in their depressive symptoms.
interventions to decrease unhealthy alcohol consumption may improve depressive symptoms.
assessment of oral hard tissues can be of great help in determining the age of an individual.
the development and physiological aging of teeth provide many clues for estimating age , in methods that are mainly based on conventional radiography.
these acquisitions may offer real potential for exploiting and analyzing volumetric measurements of teeth.
currently , cbct examinations are being performed and contain important information for the quantitative study of dental tissue.
in this hypothesis , integration with a larger network system would be necessary.
the literature offering evolutionary explanations of the male longevity deficit does not address temporal variation in the deficit.
i replicate the test with data from england and wales.
several factors can account for the unfavorable outcome of the elderly , comprising increased glucose values.
age itself is thought to affect the acute glucose response to stress.
many elderly people are affected by cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) and the majority of cvd patients are elderly people.
the interrelation between aging , obesity , cvd , frailty and inflammation is a current issue of intensive research.
for the elderly , parameters which include measures of body composition , fat and fat-free mass are of greater importance than bmi.
an individual approach to weight management that includes the participation of the patient , co-morbidity , functional status , and social support should be aspired.
the study included a 5-week aging phase , an @number@ month exposure phase , and a @number@ month post-treatment ( exposure ) phase.
the aging phase was initiated by flooding agricultural soils with rainwater in @number@ m ( @number@ ) fiberglass microcosm tanks.
introducing juvenile apple snails ( ≤7 d old ) and mosquito fish ( 2-3 cm ) into the microcosm tanks initiated the exposure phase.
initial soil cu concentrations in equus , srb , and aglr microcosms were @number@ @number@ and @number@ mg / kg dw , respectively.
the decrease of dissolved cu concentrations was likely due to the dilution of rainwater.
snail and fish mortality appeared to be higher in srb microcosms than in equus and aglr microcosms.
there was no significant difference in growth of the snails between treatments.
snail growth data followed the von bertalanffy model.
the maximum wet weight was @number@ g.
there was no reproduction in the snails in any treatments including the reference during the exposure phase.
however , cu did not affect reproduction of fish during this period.
these high cu concentrations in edible apple snail soft tissue might pose a risk to florida apple snail predators , including the snail kite.
the present study examined the effect of aging on the detection and discrimination of contours embedded in a dense field of distractors.
overall , older subjects required longer stimulus durations than younger subjects in all conditions.
these findings suggest that ability to extract global contours embedded in clutter declines in older age.
we examined the volunteer service contribution of older adults ( n = @number@ ) to volunteer role development and agency attachment.
both hypotheses were supported.
implications for the field of volunteerism are discussed.
background : use of botulinum toxin for esthetic purposes has rapidly expanded over the last @number@ years.
incobotulinumtoxina , also known as nt @number@ is a new botulinum toxin type a ( @number@ kda ) that is free from complexing proteins.
analysis of the data confirmed the noninferiority of incobotulinumtoxina.
response rates at rest were lower for both products.
the rate of adverse events was low.
conclusion : incobotulinumtoxina is equally as effective as onabotulinumtoxina in the treatment of glabellar frown lines.
both preparations were well tolerated.
protein energy malnutrition in the elderly causes preferential loss of muscle mass which is associated with poor functional states.
sprague-dawley male rats aged @number@ months were used in the experiment.
the other rats were fed ad libitum.
in conclusion , this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of two amino acids ( leucine and citrulline ) to modulate muscle function.
study design : ligamentum flavum ( lf ) thickness was measured by using lumbar magnetic resonance imaging in patients with low back or leg pain.
the presence of disc degeneration , spinal stenosis , and disc herniation was evaluated.
lf thickness at all levels increased significantly with age ( p < @number@ ) .
sex and the degree of pain were not correlated with the thickness of the lf.
patients with a bmi of @number@ kg / m or greater had the thickest lf at the l3-l4 level ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : thickening of the lf is correlated with disc degeneration , aging , bmi , lss , spinal level , and disc herniation.
sex and the degree of pain were not correlated with the thickness of the lf.
study design : vertebral defects were created in a validated 3d finite element model ( fem ) to simulate destructive tubercular lesions of increasing severity.
forces in various parts of the spine were then calculated and correlated to deformity progression and growth modulation ( gm ) changes.
we have previously documented various gm changes in posttubercular kyphotic.
by simulating the kyphotic collapse in a validated fem , the mechanical basis of gm can be established.
methods : sixty-three children with tuberculosis treated conservatively formed the clinical material.
the progress of deformity and gm changes in the fusion mass and the kyphotic curve was documented.
the stresses at the end plates , discs , facet joints , and the points of contact were calculated.
results : regional growth acceleratory phenomenon and favorable growth changes were found in type a collapse where the facets were intact.
type d collapse involved facet dislocation at multiple levels leading to \ "buckling collapse \ ".
acceleratory growth was found both in tension and compression phases proving that vep growth followed principles of cgfrc rather than hvl.
conclusion : this is the first study in the current literature to demonstrate that spinal growth follows cgfrc rather than hvl.
this observation opens a potential window of opportunity to treat spinal deformities by mechanical gm.
family members caring for aging parents experience both negative and positive outcomes from providing care.
theoretical explanations for negative outcomes have been developed.
there is need for models that explain and predict positive outcomes.
this article describes the evolution of the caregiver empowerment model ( cem ) to explain and predict positive outcomes of family caregiving.
although empirical findings support positive outcomes of family caregiving , less attention has been given to theoretical rationale for positive effects.
the cem predicts that , in the presence of filial values and certain background variables , caregiving demands are appraised as challenges instead of stressors.
cell labeling with division-sensitive markers and competitive transplantation studies have been used to estimate the replication rate of murine hscs in vivo.
however , these methods are not feasible in humans and surrogate assays are required.
purpose : epigenetic alterations in tissues targeted for cancer play a causal role in carcinogenesis.
changes in dna methylation in nontarget tissues , specifically peripheral blood , can also affect risk of malignant disease.
methods : we performed genome-wide dna methylation profiling on participants involved in a population-based incident case-control study of bladder cancer.
cpg loci associated with bladder cancer and aging had neighboring sequences enriched for transcription-factor binding sites related to immune modulation and forkhead family members.
this modeling approach was applied to evaluate β-cell lifespan in a rodent model of type @number@ diabetes in comparison with nondiabetic controls.
when rats were @number@ mo old , mean β-cell lifespan was @number@ mo vs. @number@ mo in rats with type @number@ diabetes vs. controls.
patient decision making is an area of increasing inquiry.
we used the pragmatic utility method to analyze the concept of patient decision making in the context of older individuals with cancer.
we first evaluated its maturity in existing literature and then posed analytical questions to clarify aspects found to be only partially mature.
assumptions frequently associated with patient decision making were not consistent with the empirical literature.
objective : to examine the relationships among health behaviors in older persons and whether they form related groups of behaviors.
discussion : the analysis enables identification of underlying health-behavior dimensions in an understudied population.
the workers that were interviewed for this study show a reduction in their functional ability to work starting at @number@ years of age.
in this article , we summarize the current evidence base regarding the use of device therapy in elderly heart failure patients.
as a result of increased life expectancy of persons with intellectual disabilities , the number of ageing persons with intellectual disability has increased rapidly.
except in people with down syndrome , primary ageing occurs at a normal age in this population.
nevertheless , an increased age-related vulnerability can be observed , occurring earlier than in the general population.
reliable information on health status of ageing people with an intellectual disability will become available in the next few years based on current dutch research.
design and methods : a qualitative exploratory design , with snowball sampling , identified @number@ well-regarded nurse scholars from australian universities or clinical health services.
semistructured , in-depth interviews were conducted in 2008-2009 , and transcripts of data were subjected to morse's content analysis method.
results : four themes with supporting subthemes emerged : views on scholarship ; locations ; facilitators and barriers ; and visioning the future.
new and reinforced information about australian nursing scholarship was revealed.
conclusions : the study revealed contemporary australian perspectives on nursing scholarship.
scholars , working in either academic or practice environments , provided points of difference on scholarship.
high workloads associated with curricula , lack of recognition of a scholar's achievements , and securing research funding were seen as barriers to scholarship.
moreover , current scholars are aging , and there is a looming shortage of scholars prepared for the future.
urgent attention needs to be paid to capacity building of clinicians and academics for the future scholarship of australian nursing.
educators , policy makers , and nursing leaders need to clearly develop strategies to sustain australian nursing scholarship for the future.
mammalian aging of many tissues is associated with a decline in the replicative and functional capacity of somatic stem cells.
understanding the basis of this decline is a major goal of aging research.
human bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells ( mscs ) have been applied in the treatment of fracture nonunion.
further , late-passage mscs showed increased expression of p21 ( cip1 / waf1 ) ( p21 ) , an inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase.
more importantly , reduction in p21 expression in mscs enhanced the bone repair capacity of mscs in a rodent calvarial defect model.
knockdown of p21 in mscs also increased the telomerase activity and telomere length , and did not show chromosomal abnormalities or acquire transformation ability.
therefore , these data successfully demonstrate the involvement of senescence gene in the expression of stemness markers and osteogenic potential of mscs.
we report the prevalence of spirometrically detected copd in korea in @number@ using data from the fourth korean national health and nutrition survey.
the independent risk factors for copd were smoking , advanced age and male gender.
conclusions : although the prevalence of copd in korea is high , the disease is underdiagnosed and most copd patients are under-treated.
background : a @number@ , 927-nm wavelength was recently added to the @number@ , 550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser.
this wavelength possesses a higher absorption coefficient for water than the @number@ , 550-nm , conferring greater ability to target epidermal processes.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel @number@ , 927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser in the treatment of nonfacial photodamage.
a blinded assessor and participants evaluated clinical improvement of treatment areas at 1-month follow-up using a quartile grading scale ( 0-4 ) .
results : nine participants with a total of @number@ treatment areas completed three treatments and the 1-month follow-up visit.
skin responses observed after treatment were moderate erythema , mild edema , itching , and desquamation.
no scarring or postinflammatory hyper- or hypopigmentation was observed.
conclusion : the @number@ , 927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser is a safe , effective treatment for nonfacial photodamage.
dr. polder is a principal investigator and dr. suzanne bruce is a consultant for solta medical.
background : symptoms of hazelnut allergy seem related to geographic and possibly age variations in allergen recognition.
all blood samples were analyzed using isac microarray.
no sensitization to cor a @number@ or cor a @number@ was found in patients with only an oas.
in healthy controls , no sensitization to components of hazelnut , hazel pollen or birch pollen was demonstrable.
conclusion : hazelnut allergy in a birch-endemic region exhibits age-related sensitization profiles with distinct clinical outcomes that can be identified using crd.
low socioeconomic status ( ses ) has been associated with higher levels of allostatic load ( al ) .
posited mechanisms for this association include stress , personality , psychosocial variables , coping , social networks , and health behaviors.
al was based on nine markers of physiological dysregulation.
ses was inversely associated with a composite measure of al ; hostility and poor sleep quality helped to explain the association between al and ses.
factor analyses revealed four al components corresponding to the bodily systems of interest.
with the aging population in the western hemisphere , neurodegenerative parkinsonism and dementia will become two of the great public health challenges of this century.
a major pillar in the effort to treat these conditions will be the shift from symptomatic treatment to disease modifying therapy.
biomarker research has investigated αs in blood , skin and cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) .
these results are not yet accurate or reliable enough to use as screening tools or isolated diagnostic tests in established disease.
it has become clear that factors other than neurodegeneration affect αs concentrations in these tissue samples , such as genetic and environmental influences.
future studies using standardized techniques and larger patient numbers are awaited to realise the full potential of αs as a more definitive diagnostic biomarker.
findings based on remember and know judgments suggest that familiarity but not recollection is involved in mediating the repetition effect.
in this article , we review both theoretical and empirical advancements in retirement adjustment research.
after reviewing and integrating current theories about retirement adjustment , we propose a resource-based dynamic perspective to apply to the understanding of retirement adjustment.
we also highlight important future research directions that may be fruitful for psychologists to pursue in this area.
we make a number of suggestions for research and practice.
the concept and the process of retirement are rapidly evolving.
as a result , psychologists are in a unique position to understand and explain the dynamics behind the changing face of retirement.
we begin this article with a brief overview of the history of retirement and then note the various definitions used when studying retirement.
we then propose that taking a temporal view of studying retirement would be most advantageous for psychologists.
psychological conceptualizations of retirement are then discussed , and we link these conceptualizations to studying the changing nature of retirement.
finally , we conclude with some suggestions for future research in the area of retirement that would be particularly relevant for psychologists to consider.
objective : recent studies suggest that ovarian volume and antral follicle counts ( afcs ) may be useful indicators of menopause status.
methods : a total of @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.
the correlation between ovarian aging markers and afcs was investigated.
the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( roc auc ) was calculated as a measure of diagnostic accuracy.
results : serum amh levels were more strongly correlated with afcs than were serum levels of fsh , luteinizing hormone , and estradiol.
serum levels of amh and fsh had the highest diagnostic accuracy ( roc auc , @number@ and @number@ respectively ) for lmt.
conclusions : amh alone or in combination with fsh may be a useful indicator of lmt.
these data suggest that sonographic markers cannot be substituted for amh in determining lmt.
regional variations were assessed across the groups using one-way analysis of variance.
conclusion : background gradients affect the dt-mri measurements in ad patients.
geometric average diffusion measures can be useful to minimize the intrinsic local magnetic susceptibility variations in brain tissue.
a large array of gene involved in human longevity seems to be in relationship with insulin / igf1 pathway.
the effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate was also assessed after a mean follow-up of @number@ years.
in conclusion , a-igf1r / asp-irs2 / val-ucp2 allele combination is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk and with an increased chance of longevity.
sulfur amino acids are determinant for the detoxification of paracetamol ( n-acetyl-p-aminophenol ) through sulfate and glutathione conjugations.
long-term paracetamol treatment is common in the elderly , despite a potential cysteine / glutathione deficiency.
detoxification could occur at the expense of anti-oxidative defenses and whole body protein stores in elderly.
we tested how older persons satisfy the extra demand in sulfur amino acids induced by long-term paracetamol treatment , focusing on metabolic and nutritional aspects.
dietary intakes were recorded before and at the end of the treatment and ingested sulfur amino acids were evaluated.
fasting blood glutathione , plasma amino acids , and sulfate were unchanged.
urinary nitrogen excretion supported a preservation of whole body proteins , but large-scale urinary metabolomic analysis revealed an oxidation of some sulfur-containing compounds.
dietary protein intake was @percent@ higher at the end than before paracetamol treatment.
final sulfur amino acid intake reached @number@ mg / kg / day.
the increase in sulfur amino acid intake corresponded to half of the sulfur excreted in urinary paracetamol conjugates.
the extra demand in sulfur amino acids led to a consumption far above the corresponding population-safe recommendation.
age-related white matter changes ( arwmc ) appear to correspond to a continuum from normal functioning to clinically overt neurological syndromes.
disturbance of the structural integrity of cerebral fibre tracts-the so-called cerebral network-by arwmc might be one explanation for this development.
gait , balance and cognition were assessed.
the aim of the study was to know the main incidents of the adverse reactions in campo grande ( ms , brazil ) .
data were conducted by notifications cards of after vaccinations adverse effects located at the reference center of special immunobiological from january to @date@ .
most of the people who did the notification were patients aging up to @number@ years old ( @percent@ ) , and @percent@ from female sex.
background : respiratory muscle strength is influenced by aging.
the elderly were separated in two groups ( active and moderately active ) according to hap.
student's test was used for univariate analysis and regression analysis models was used for multivariate analysis.
maximal respiratory pressure decreases @number@ cmh₂o per year.
conclusions : the active life style can positively affect the respiratory muscle strength and pcf values.
aging is associated to respiratory muscle strength reduction ( both inspiratory and expiratory ) .
women showed lower pemax.
a group of aged-matched women without any exercise training ( un group ) were evaluated during the same period.
the aerobic power , measured by vo₂max and @number@ meters performance , and the neuromuscular fitness and quality of life were evaluated.
all assessments were made at baseline , after @number@ weeks of training and after @number@ and @number@ weeks of detraining.
conclusions : the results confirmed that @number@ weeks of we improves the functional fitness parameters and quality of life of older women.
unlabelled : speech understanding disorders in the elderly may be due to peripheral or central auditory dysfunctions.
asymmetry of results in dichotic testing increases with age , and may reflect on a lack of inter-hemisphere transmission and cognitive decline.
aim : to investigate auditory processing of aged people with no hearing complaints.
study design : clinical prospective.
materials and methods : twenty-two voluntary individuals , aged between @number@ and @number@ years , were evaluated.
we used two kinds of tests : speech in noise and dichotic alternated dissyllables ( ssw ) .
results were compared between males and females , right and left ears and between age groups.
results : there were no significant differences between genders , in both tests.
their left ears showed worse results , in the competitive condition of ssw.
individuals aged @number@ or older had poorer performances than those aged @number@ to @number@
conclusion : central auditory tests showed worse performance with aging.
conceptions of adulthood have changed dramatically in recent decades.
the empirical analysis supports this proposition , with both arrest and self-reported crime blocking the passage to adult status.
the authors conclude that desisting from delinquency is an important part of the package of role behaviors that define adulthood.
overproduction of ros or insufficient defense mechanisms leads to a dangerous disbalance in the organism.
the subject of this study was the influence of schizophrenia on the amount of oh ( • ) in human serum blood.
the radicals were detected by fluorimetry , using terephthalic acid as a chemical trap.
for all experiments the serum blood of healthy people was used as a control group.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the carotid arterial intima-media thickness ( imt ) and its relation to clinical parameters in japanese children.
fifty-two healthy children ( @number@ boys and @number@ girls ) , aged 6-14 years , were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study.
imt of the common carotid artery was determined using ultrasonography.
we also investigated anthropometric parameters , blood pressure ( bp ) , lifestyles and blood examinations.
the mean value of imt was @number@ ± @number@.1mm , which was lower than the normal value ( @number@.0mm ) in adults.
in addition , imt was associated with sleeping hours and hours of watching television ( tv ) by using stepwise regression analysis.
in conclusion , imt increased with aging , and it was linked to some clinical parameters of atherosclerosis and lifestyles in children.
background : several lines of evidence suggest that the multisystem disease seen in drug addicts may reflect acceleration of underlying degenerative or ageing processes.
patients presenting for management of their clinical opiate substance use disorder ( sud ) were therefore compared with general medical non-sud ( n-sud ) patients.
arcsinh transformation of the data were considered , as this improved the normality of the parameter distributions.
results : @number@ opiate dependent sud and @number@ n-sud patients were studied.
the addicted population was more severe as a function of age on all indices ( p < 0.05 ) .
interactions between age , and pc's of opiate and inhaled intoxicant dose and duration of exposure were highly significant ( p < 0.01 ) .
the use of alternative tilting during wbv to ameliorate bone mass and bone metabolism , particularly in senior people , has not previously been reported.
conclusions : wbvat treatment may increase bmd in senior people , particularly those with op and women.
changes in bone metabolism after wbvat treatment were not observed in most cases.
design : data were collected as part of the beaver dam offspring study , an epidemiological cohort study of aging.
hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average ( @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ khz ) greater than @number@ db hearing level in either ear.
word recognition in competing message ( wrcm ) was measured using the northwestern university no. @number@ word list.
questionnaire information about behaviors , environmental factors , and medical history was also collected.
results : the prevalence of hi was @percent@ , and the mean ( sd ) wrcm score was @percent@ ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : hearing impairment is a common condition in middle-aged adults.
cardiovascular disease risk factors may be important correlates of age-related auditory dysfunction.
results : as expected , age differences were larger when the text was absent.
from the point of view of regenerative potential , the most important cells are pluripotent stem cells ( pscs ) .
there are two possible explanations for this failure.
these cells share several markers with epiblast / germ line cells and have been named very small embryonic-like stem cells ( vsels ) .
data are for @number@ csba participants aged ≥ @number@ years.
accuracy for prediction of these outcomes was investigated using area under the curve ( auc ) statistics.
impaired axonal transport has been linked to the pathogenic processes of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) in which axonal swelling and degeneration are prevalent.
a triple transgenic mouse model of ad closely resembles human ad neuropathology.
age-related cognitive decline ( arcd ) and dementia are of increasing concern to an ageing population.
in recent years , there has been considerable research focused on effective dietary interventions that may prevent or ameliorate arcd and dementia.
concerns regarding sfa and other fatty acids found in dairy products are also reviewed in relation to different forms of dairy products.
future directions for the extraction and purification of beneficial constituents are also discussed.
participants ( n = @number@ ) completed a phone survey.
background / purpose : there are various non-invasive methods in skin morphology for assessing skin aging.
the use of digital photography will make it easier and more convenient.
in this study , we explored some skin texture parameters for evaluating skin aging using digital image processing.
methods : two hundred and twenty-eight subjects who lived in sanya , china , were involved.
individual sun exposure history and other factors influencing skin aging were collected by a questionnaire.
meanwhile , we took photos of their dorsal hands.
skin images were graded according to the beagley-gibson system.
these skin images were also processed using image analysis software.
results : all texture parameters were significantly associated with the beagley-gibson score.
these texture parameters were also correlated with factors influencing skin aging such as sun exposure , age , smoking , drinking and body mass index.
in multivariate analysis , grids and distance were mainly affected by age.
but angle max. and angle diff. were mainly affected by sun exposure.
background / purpose : subcutaneous tissue is rarely studied in research on wrinkles.
we used diagnostic ultrasonography to produce images of subcutaneous tissue of the forehead , one of the areas where age-related wrinkles form.
we quantified the resulting echogenicity and investigated its relationship with wrinkle depth.
maximum wrinkle depth ( rmax ) was measured in the forehead.
results : r max increased and the echogenicity decreased with age.
conclusion : this study suggests that the internal structure of subcutaneous tissue , as observed by ultrasonography , is related to wrinkle depth.
the relationship between wrinkle depth and echogenicity of subcutaneous tissue is particularly pronounced in the elderly.
the objective of this study was to identify predictors of cognitive performance among adults with hiv.
hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive performance for each cognitive measure.
model @number@ examined demographic factors , and model @number@ examined the contribution of the remaining variables on cognitive performance.
results suggest that those aging with hiv are subject to decreases in cognitive functioning.
the objective of this study was to identify the social representations of the elderly regarding active aging.
semi-structured interviews were performed with @number@ functionally independent aged individuals from joão pessoa , paraiba , brazil.
the data was organized and analyzed using alceste software.
results showed that the aged individuals ' statements about active aging are permeated with positive contents.
however , when aging is not associated with the word active , it is still represented as losses and disabilities.
maintaining the elderly functionally independent is the first step to achieving active aging and thus improving their quality of life.
sirt1 has been implicated as a key factor in aging-related diseases.
nevertheless , the role of sirt1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis ( oa ) is still unknown.
sirt1 expression was examined using cartilage samples from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and femoral head replacement by immunohistochemistry.
the effect of sirt1 inhibition by sirna on chondrocyte gene expression was examined by real-time pcr and western blotting.
sirt1 expression was barely detectable in the severely degenerated cartilage while sirt1 was clearly expressed in the less damaged cartilage.
the inhibition of sirt1 by sirna induced oa-like gene expression changes , namely the significant down-regulation of aggrecan and up-regulation of col10a1 and adamts-5.
sirt1 might play important roles in the pathogenesis of oa.
change point models are used to describe processes over time that show a change in direction.
an example of such a process is cognitive ability , where a decline a few years before death is sometimes observed.
a broken-stick model consists of two linear parts and a breakpoint where the two lines intersect.
alternatively , models can be formulated that imply a smooth change between the two linear parts.
change point models can be extended by adding random effects to account for variability between subjects.
the bayesian inference using winbugs is also discussed.
the methods are illustrated using data from a population-based longitudinal study of ageing , the cambridge city over @number@ cohort study.
the aim is to identify how many years before death individuals experience a change in the rate of decline of their cognitive ability.
the data revealed that most participants actively sought to explain their symptoms.
while most of them offered a single cause for their symptoms , some offered more complex multi-causal explanations.
the right cerebral hemisphere is preferentially involved in recognising at least some facial expressions of emotion.
we investigated whether there is a laterality effect in judging emotions from the eyes.
participants were a group of undergraduate students and a group of older volunteers ( > @number@ ) .
contrary to the right hemisphere ageing hypothesis , older participants showed no evidence of a relative right hemisphere decline in performance on the tasks.
it was significantly greater for the task of judging emotion than in the eyes-matching task.
objective : wandering in persons with dementia is perceived as significant due to its prevalence and negative outcomes.
however , lack of a validated wandering measure in taiwan has limited scientific investigation and clinical practice.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to validate the chinese revised algase wandering scale-community version ( craws-cv ) in northern taiwan.
method : for this cross-sectional study , the sample comprised @number@ elders with dementia and their family caregivers ( fcs ) .
fcs responded to the craws-cv in interviews with trained research assistants.
results : the structure of craws-cv was examined by exploratory principal component analysis with varimax rotation.
the total scale and subscales showed excellent internal consistency.
the receiver operating characteristic curve showed a cutoff score of @number@ with sensitivity and specificity of @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
craws-cv scores were significantly different for wanderers and non-wanderers.
the one-week test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients ( iccs ) showed significant correlations except for the eb and random subscales.
inter-rater reliability using an icc was significant and acceptable except for gli.
conclusion : this study supports the craws-cv as a valid measure of wandering in community-dwelling elders with dementia in northern taiwan.
the frequency of participation across @number@ types of community-based activities was assessed.
overall mental health was measured on a 10-item kessler psychological distress scale.
linear regression models tested the multivariate associations between distress and community participation , and whether this association differed for retired and working people.
results : retirees did not participate in their communities more than working people.
this cohort coincides with the average age of transition to retirement in australia.
transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a developing technology that offers an alternative treatment modality for these very high risk patients.
the reduction of muscle mass in the elderly is widely studied as one of the most important landmark of human aging.
uncoupling protein @number@ ( ucp3 ) gene is expressed in skeletal muscle where it regulates fatty acid metabolism , redox state , and ros formation.
in fact , the carriers of rs1800849 t allele showed higher hand grip than the remaining of the population.
epigenetic variations have been widely described to occur during the aging process.
we found that the global dna methylation levels were correlated to the frailty status in middle / advanced-aged subjects but not with age.
a 7-year follow-up study also revealed that a worsening in the frailty status was associated to a significant decrease in the global dna methylation levels.
this study aimed to compare the tear antioxidant content and flow rate in young and older adults.
the total antioxidant content and uv absorbing properties of various commercially available ophthalmic solutions used to alleviate dry eye symptoms were also examined.
methods : minimally stimulated tears were collected from @number@ healthy chinese adults with no ocular pathology.
tear flow rates were estimated from time taken to collect a fixed volume of tear fluid.
uv absorbance spectra of pooled fresh reflex tear fluid and the ophthalmic solutions were determined.
of the commercial preparations tested had detectable antioxidant content , and none showed the uv absorption characteristics of natural reflex tears.
this could predispose older persons to corneal stress and development of dry eye syndrome.
the commercially available artificial tears tested lack both the antioxidant content and uv absorbing characteristics of natural tears.
there is increasing awareness that childhood circumstances influence disease risk in adulthood.
stature is also a marker for levels of insulin-like growth factor ( igf ) -i in childhood.
levels of igf-i are nutritionally regulated and are therefore modifiable.
we hypothesize that this long-term programming effect is via a resetting of pituitary control in response to raised levels of igf-i in childhood.
such a programming effect of milk intake in early life could potentially have implications for cancer and ischemic heart disease risk many years later.
how mammalian oocytes successfully navigate their exceptional meiotic journey has long been a question of immense interest.
this is the theme of the research to be presented at this mmvr workshop.
chronic diseases are a growing concern around the globe.
a chronic disease surveillance network fills an important gap in current public health surveillance systems.
purposes : the study sets the stage for temporal information processing as a fundamental basis of human cognition and a novel neurorehabilitation method.
methods : @number@ polish and @number@ german subjects aged from @number@ to @number@ years were classified into @number@ age groups.
subjects identified the order of two 1-ms clicks presented monaurally in rapid succession.
the temporal order threshold ( i.e. the minimum temporal gap required to report the stimulus order at @percent@ correctness ) was assessed for each individual.
results : there were no differences between polish and german subjects on temporal ordering.
in both samples , a significant prolongation of temporal-order threshold was observed in subjects older than @number@ years of age.
temporal processing was relatively resistant to subjects ' hearing status , but it depended on cognitive competence.
thus , it is not chronological age as such but cognitive competence that may explain age-related decreases of temporal acuity.
furthermore , potential effects of age or gender are robust against the language background as no differences were observed between polish and german subjects.
the yeast-hypha transition is an important virulence trait of candida albicans.
transcriptomal analyses showed that sch9 regulates most genes solely under hypoxia and in the presence of elevated co ( @number@ ) .
sulfur mustard , an agent used in chemical warfare , is an alkylating substance with carcinogenic potential.
however , the precise long-term carcinogenic effects of mustard gas are unclear.
mustard gas exposure was found to transform the age scale for developing lung cancer.
background : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is associated with high levels of hospitalization and health care expenditures among the aged.
adherence to appropriate maintenance drug regimens has been reported to reduce hospitalization and health care spending in clinical trials.
however , little research has been conducted to compare use versus nonuse of these medications in terms of health-related outcomes in routine practice.
methods : the study sample was selected from medicare current beneficiary surveys conducted between @number@ and @number@
results : the study sample consisted of @number@ medicare beneficiaries who contributed a total of @number@ person-year observations for analysis.
annually , @percent@ of the sample filled prescriptions for copd maintenance medications.
both of these are high-prevalence diseases in the elderly , and yet studies have indicated that digoxin may not be used appropriately in this population.
clinical trials evaluating digoxin use specifically in the elderly are scarce.
citations from available articles were also reviewed for additional references.
results : one pharmacokinetic study , @number@ clinical trials , and @number@ guidelines were identified as relevant to digoxin use specifically in the elderly.
this beneficial effect of digoxin was found to be not significantly different across age groups in those aged > 18 years.
further clinical studies are needed to confirm the pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin in elderly patients with heart failure and / or atrial fibrillation.
mitochondria-related oxidative damage is a primary event in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
it is noteworthy that the mufa diet prevented the age-related increase in levels of mitochondrial dna deletions in the brain mitochondria from aged animals.
this study identified @number@ transcripts differentially abundant in acute phase of heart failure versus healthy aged subjects.
transcripts involved in inflammation and oxidative stress were more abundant.
those associated with t-cell functions were less abundant.
the results were compared to two other major acute geriatric issues : infectious diseases and hip fracture.
many variations had not vanished at the recovery phase.
in conclusion , this work provides critical targets for therapeutic research on geriatric heart failure , infectious diseases and hip fracture.
metabotropic glutamate receptors @number@ and @number@ ( mglur2 / 3 ) have been shown as efficient targets for antipsychotic intervention.
no difference in mglur2 / 3 density was identified in relation to schizophrenia diagnosis.
overall and in individual groups , a negative correlation of mglur2 / 3 density and age at death has been found.
objective : to explore angioarchitectural features of brain arteriovenous malformations ( bavms ) in ages.
methods : @number@ consecutive patients with bavms between @number@ and @number@ were retrospectively reviewed.
univariate analysis was used to test initial presentation and bavm characteristics in different ages.
results : patients ranged in age from @number@ to @number@ years ( mean±sd , @number@.3±12.8 ) .
one hundred and eighty-eight were male and @number@ female.
increasing age correlated positively with coexisting arterial aneurysms ( p = 0.044 ) .
conclusion : increasing age correlated positively with coexisting arterial aneurysms.
no statistical significance was observed for clinical presentations , and bavm characteristics among age groups.
our results indicate a significant increase in hsp70 serum levels with increasing degree of inflammation.
pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) is often used as a clinical index of aging , vascular disease , or age related hypertension.
this practice is based on the assumption that a higher wave speed indicates vascular stiffening.
the use of pwv as an index of arterial stiffening may thus lose its validity if tethering is involved.
the vessel wall is considered to have finite thickness with or without tethering and with a range of mechanical properties ranging from viscoelastic to stiff.
here the wave speed actually diminishes as the degree of tethering increases.
in other words , the diagnostic test may lead to a false negative diagnosis.
while this property is well established for the aberrantly folded protein , the physiological function of prp ( c ) remains elusive.
among different putative functions , the non-pathogenic protein isoform prp ( c ) is involved in several cellular processes.
here , we show that prp ( c ) regulates the cleavage of neuregulin-1 proteins ( nrg1 ) .
neuregulins provide key axonal signals that regulate several processes , including glial cells proliferation , survival and myelination.
there has been an explosion in our knowledge of the pathways and mechanisms by which the immune system can influence the brain and behavior.
we investigated the effects of age and amyloid burden on fmri activity in the default network and hippocampus during repetitive encoding.
the hippocampus demonstrated similar patterns across the groups , showing task-induced activity that decreased in response to repetition.
a plate waste protocol was used to determine actual food intake.
summary statistics ( means , standard deviations , proportions ) were used to describe the study sample.
bivariate statistics determined whether there were significant differences between mst measures or food intake within subjects.
results : salivation significantly increased after consuming sorbet or water.
most importantly , residents who consumed sorbet salivated more on average in comparison with residents who consumed water.
during pilot testing , most residents consumed more food on average during treatment weeks in comparison with observation weeks.
vitamin d deficiency is a common finding in institutionalized older persons.
vitamin d-deficient elderly persons are at higher risk of falls and fractures.
long-term care residents should be considered at high risk of vitamin d deficiency and therefore vitamin d supplementation is highly recommended in this population.
the minimal effective dose is @number@ iu per day.
it is recommended that vitamin d supplementation should be implemented in all patients in residential aged care facilities.
in addition to vitamin d , calcium supplementation has shown to enhance the effect of vitamin d on bone.
calcium intake should be optimized ( 1200-1500 mg per day recommended ) and supplementation offered to those with inadequate intake.
the addition of calcium depends on tolerance , history of kidney stones , and emerging data regarding its cardiovascular safety.
objective : malnutrition and sarcopenia in institutions are very common and significantly affect the prognosis.
aging is characterized by weight and lean body mass losses.
accordingly , in elderly patients , body mass index ( bmi ) is considered a marker of protein stores rather than of adiposity.
current guidelines suggest a bmi @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) or lower as major trigger for nutritional support.
we evaluated the association between bmi and mortality in institutionalized elderly.
methods : this was a multicentric prospective cohort study involving @number@ long-term care resident elderly individuals.
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ years ( 25th to 75th percentile , @number@.2-8.2 ] , @number@ ( @percent@ ) elderly patients died.
conclusion : bmi is significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in institutionalized elderly patients.
a value of @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) or lower can be considered a useful trigger for nutritional support.
these results support intending bmi as nutritional reserve in institutionalized elderly patients.
people are living longer than ever.
with greater longevity , a critical question becomes whether or not our memories endure across the life span.
this article reviews the common forms of age-related memory change and the emerging evidence related to putative risk and protective factors for brain aging.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a protein misfolding-based rapid cognitive impairment in the aging brain.
in this review , we summarize the systems biology data on ad and pay particular attention to the proteomic changes in ad.
the findings have implications for the development of weight gain prevention programs for socially disadvantaged groups.
participants with ds presented lower chronotropic response than controls to peak and submaximal exercise ( p < 0.05 ) .
this confirmed their greater fractal distance from the healthy value of @number@
the β correlated significantly with age in all @number@ patients.
however , the relationship was nonlinear , and β was markedly greater in patients ≥ @number@ years.
in @number@ clinically normal individuals , the relationship was comparatively linear.
the systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were significantly greater in patients ≥ @number@ years.
there were no significant differences in β and blood pressure parameters between genders.
design : population-based , cross-sectional study.
participants : we included @number@ subjects of chinese origin from an ongoing population-based study.
the ch and crf were measured with the ocular response analyzer.
participants underwent a detailed interview and laboratory investigations that included estimation of nonfasting serum glucose , glycosylated hemoglobin , and lipid profile.
main outcome measures : we assessed ch , crf , and their associations with demographic , ocular , and systemic factors.
results : the mean age of study subjects was @number@.3±8.4 years and @percent@ were females.
the mean ch and crf were @number@.6±1.5 and @number@.1±1.6 mmhg , respectively.
conclusions : with advancing age , the ch and crf in adult chinese decreased.
women and subjects with diabetes had greater ch and crf.
corneal biomechanical properties of hysteresis and resistance factor are significantly influenced by iop , cct , corneal radius of curvature , and al.
a large initial reduction of e. coli o157 : h7 and salmonella was observed , regardless of tissue type and chilling method.
the final plate counts were @number@ and @number@ log cfu / cm ( @number@ ) for dry and wet aged samples , respectively.
the findings reaffirmed wet or dry chilling and aging as potential interventions for small plants as a critical control point.
objectives : to estimate the association among knee pain and central obesity.
methods : a cross-sectional study was carried out in salvador , brazil , with a sample of @number@ individuals ≥20 years of age.
a standardized questionnaire was applied at home to collect data about pain , sociodemographic characteristics and abdominal circumference measurement.
unadjusted ( bivariate analysis ) and adjusted odds ratio ( or ) and 95%ci were estimated by using backward stepwise logistic regression.
results : the prevalence of knee pain was found in @percent@ of the studied sample.
aging , obesity , and excessive alcohol consumption were independent correlates of knee pain in the studied population sample.
we convincingly demonstrate that the lack of genetic effects on an aging-related trait can be because of trade-offs in the gene action.
kaplan-meier estimates show that the e4 allele carriers live shorter lives than the non-e4 allele carriers ( log rank = @number@ ) .
this trade-off is likely caused by the lipid-metabolism-related ( for cvd ) and nonrelated ( for cancer ) mechanisms.
an evolutionary rationale suggests that genetic trade-offs should not be an exception in studies of aging-related traits.
deeper insights into biological mechanisms mediating gene action are critical for understanding the genetic regulation of a healthy lifespan and for personalizing medical care.
several age-related traits are associated with shorter telomeres , the structures that cap the end of linear chromosomes.
background : onabotulinumtoxin a ( onabotulinum ) has been used for @number@ years in the treatment of the aging face.
a survey was conducted to identify current practices in france.
objective : to develop consensual practice recommendations for treating the aging upper- and mid-face with onabotulinum.
methods and materials : fifty-seven participants reviewed practices and techniques for each identified upper- and mid-face treatment indication.
from data gathered during six regional conferences and from a questionnaire , consensual recommendations were developed.
for the consensus participants , current onabotulinum use is a global , both preventive and corrective treatment.
the thermal effects of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ( rf ) have been proven to be beneficial in skin tightening.
this system allows continuous real-time measurement of skin impedance delivering constant energy to the patient skin independent of changes in its impedance.
analyzing individual pulses ( total of @number@ readings ) showed a significant decrease in impedance during the pulse.
these findings validate the expected differences in skin impedance between individual patients and in the same patients during the treatment pulse.
background : the decrease in firmness is a hallmark of skin aging.
accelerated by chronic sun exposure , fundamental changes occur within the dermal extracellular matrix over the years , mainly impairing the collagenous network.
imaging and quantification of collagen density were carried out using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy ( mplsm ) .
results : the underlying structural changes in the collagen network of young and aged sun-exposed facial skin in vivo were visualized by mplsm.
topical application of a folic acid- and creatine-containing formulation significantly improved firmness of mature skin in vivo.
conclusions : employing mplsm , dermal changes occurring in photo-aged human skin were visualized in an unprecedented manner and correlated to a loss of firmness.
treatment of aged skin with a topical formulation containing folic acid and creatine counteracted this age-dependent decline by exerting sustained effects on collagen metabolism.
our results support previous findings on the efficacy of these actives.
dermatologists see many patients interested in improving their physical appearance through cosmetic procedures or medical means.
overall , about @percent@ of both genders reported that they were highly concerned that current sun exposure could cause skin cancer.
subjects who thought tanned skin was important were significantly more likely to report interest in improving their appearance through cosmetic procedures and medical means.
background and purpose : the purpose of our study was aimed to analyze the sex- and age-related differences of brain metabolism in healthy individuals.
results : in males and females , decreased brain metabolism with aging is found in bilateral lateral orbital prefrontal and right anterior cingulate cortices.
in comparisons between sexes , males are found to have more brain metabolism than females in bilateral visual cortices and cerebellum.
conclusions : our report discloses different sex- and age-related brain metabolism.
decreased brain metabolism with aging in males and females is similar to findings reported in previous literatures.
however , whether declined brain function or volume with aging causing metabolic changes is unknown and should be further evaluated.
nevertheless , the sex-related differences are possibly compatible with the historical observation of better performance in visual-spatial tasks in males than females.
the present study examined the relationship in the eye corner.
the maximum wrinkle depth ( rmax ) of an eye corner wrinkle was obtained.
results : no correlation was found between the rmax and echogenicity.
the relationship was further analyzed by dividing the roi into two : one above and the other below the deepest point of the wrinkle.
a negative correlation was detected in the lower roi of the oldest group.
the difference in echogenicity between the upper and the lower rois of the oldest group showed a positive correlation with the rmax.
conclusion : these results suggest that the subcutaneous tissue structure is related to wrinkle depth.
background : artificial sources of restricted light wavelength , particularly tanning beds , are progressively gaining importance in photoaging.
objective : to assess the kinetics and the long-term evolution of skin pigmentation and tensile functions in sunbed worshippers over a period of @number@ years.
methods : photoaging was explored in women who were both sunshine and sunbed worshippers.
a series of @number@ phototype iii women aged 31-46 years completed a 100-month survey.
results : a progressive increase in both skin extensibility and hysteresis was observed , contrasting with a decrease in biologic elasticity.
these rheological changes were correlated with the ita° changes , but not with the msm extent.
the kinetics of evolution of each test variable were distinct over time.
the alterations were quite important in the color , msm and rheological functions of the skin.
the role of telomeres and telomerase as a target for cancer therapeutics is an area of continuing interest.
as an important translational theme , this review will consider possibilities for selectively targeting telomeres and telomerase to enhance cancer therapy.
this doctrine has been recently challenged.
they believed that cg were an acquired , metaplastic lesion as a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
alcohol consumption is associated with a broad array of physiologic and behavioral effects including changes in heart rate.
however , the physiologic mechanisms of alcohol effects and the reasons for individual differences in the cardiac response remain unknown.
hrv is defined as fluctuations in interbeat interval length which reflect the heart's response to extracardiac factors that affect heart rate.
hrv allows simultaneous assessment of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and the interplay between them.
decreased hrv has predictive value for mortality in general population samples and patients with myocardial infarction and used as an indicator of altered autonomic function.
a significant inverse correlation was found between hrv and both the severity of depression and the duration of the depressive episode.
hrv analysis provides insights into mechanisms of autonomic regulation and is extensively used to clarify relationships between depression and cardiovascular disease.
this article will review the methodology of hrv measurements and contemporary knowledge about effects of acute alcohol consumption on hrv.
potential implications of this research include hrv response to alcohol that could serve as a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.
at present however there is almost no research data supporting this hypothesis.
increasing evidence suggests a role of the immune system in modulation of cognition , but details on affected memory systems are largely lacking.
we therefore aimed to study the relation between selected cytokines and subsets of memory , and the impact of age in these relations.
circulating cytokines of relevance for cognition and aging were measured with elisa.
interactions between age and cytokines were further analyzed in multiple regressions.
human cutaneous photodamage is a major medical problem that includes premature aging and fragility of the skin.
nonxenografted animal models have not been comparatively evaluated for how well they resemble the changes seen in human skin.
hairless skh1 mouse skin responded similarly , but without any induction of tnf-α mrna or chondroitin sulfate.
irradiated balb / c mice were the least similar to humans.
proper choice of model is critical for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms of photodamage and photoaging.
incidental white matter lesions ( wml ) are a common neuroradiological finding in elderly people and have been linked to dementia and depression.
various mechanisms including hypoxia and increased production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are implicated in the etiology of wml.
the study cohort comprised @number@ brain donated to cfas.
wml severity was assessed in the postmortem brain donations using magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scans and scored using the scheltens ' scale.
polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) amplification of extracted dna followed by restriction enzyme digestion was used to genotype the samples.
genotypes were validated using direct sequencing in a smaller sample.
the results show that hfe p.h63d polymorphism is not associated with wml severity in the whole cohort.
however , there is a significant association of the d allele with severity of wml in noncarriers of the apoe ε4 allele.
no association is demonstrated between the hfe p.c282y nor the agtr1 c.1166a → c polymorphisms and wml severity.
the hfe gene appears to be a genetic risk factor for severe aging wml independently of the apoe ε4 genotype.
the associations between these snps were analyzed by the cochran-armitage trend test , and results of the @number@ studies were combined with a meta-analysis.
we further examined an independent cohort ( @number@ proteinuria cases and @number@ controls ) for validation of the original association.
conclusion : these results indicate that sirt1 may play a role in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in japanese subjects with type @number@ diabetes.
stroke is one of the most devastating manifestations of two common diseases , atherosclerosis and hypertension.
it represents the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide.
in addition , hypertension predisposes to atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases ( notably atrial fibrillation ) , thereby promoting cerebral embolism.
inflammatory mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis , plaque rupture , thrombosis , and stroke.
endothelial dysfunction , in part resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species , is an important mechanism of cerebrovascular damage.
this article reviews recent data on vascular mechanisms that participate in the pathogenesis of stroke.
pn ( wm ) area increased with higher memory loads ( 3- and 2-back > 0-back tasks ) in younger subjects.
older subjects reached the maximal values for this eeg parameter during the less wm demanding 0-back task.
they showed a rapid development of an alpha ers that reached its maximal amplitude at around @number@ ms after stimulus onset.
in younger subjects , the late alpha ers occurred between @number@ and @number@ ms and its amplitude was significantly higher compared with elders.
frontal theta ers culmination peak decreased in a task-independent manner in older compared with younger cases.
these observations suggest that older adults display a rapid mobilization of their neural generators within the parietal cortex to manage very low demanding wm tasks.
moreover , they are less able to activate frontal theta generators during attentional tasks compared with younger persons.
all neurons are not created equal.
certain cell populations in specific brain regions are more susceptible to age-related changes that initiate regional and system-level dysfunction.
in this respect , neurons in layer ii of the entorhinal cortex are selectively vulnerable in aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
this paper will cover several hypotheses that attempt to account for age-related alterations among this cell population.
activating ampk or inactivating calcineurin slows ageing in caenorhabditis elegans and both have been implicated as therapeutic targets for age-related pathology in mammals.
however , the direct targets that mediate their effects on longevity remain unclear.
here we show that both ampk and calcineurin modulate longevity exclusively through post-translational modification of crtc-1 , the sole c. elegans crtc.
we demonstrate that crtc-1 is a direct ampk target , and interacts with the creb homologue-1 ( crh-1 ) transcription factor in vivo.
the pro-longevity effects of activating ampk or deactivating calcineurin decrease crtc-1 and crh-1 activity and induce transcriptional responses similar to those of crh-1 null worms.
background : marinobufagenin ( mbg ) , a bufadienolide cardiotonic steroid , induces cardiovascular fibrosis.
results : preeclampsia was associated with a rise in plasma and placental levels of mbg.
art use and disease characteristics were collected longitudinally.
methods : peripheral neuropathy was defined as at least mild loss of vibration sensation in both great toes or absent / hypoactive ankle reflexes bilaterally.
spn was defined as peripheral neuropathy and bilateral symptoms.
generalized estimating equation logistic regression was used to estimate associations.
results : two thousand , one hundred and forty-one participants were followed from @date@ to @date@ .
associations with higher odds of peripheral neuropathy included older patient age and current nart use.
associations with higher odds of spn included older patient age , nart use , and history of diabetes mellitus.
associations with lower odds of recovery after nart discontinuation included older patient age.
associations with higher odds of peripheral neuropathy while on nart included older patient age and current protease inhibitor use.
associations with higher odds of spn while on nart included older patient age , history of diabetes , taller height , and protease inhibitor use.
conclusion : signs of peripheral neuropathy remain despite virologic / immunologic control but frequently occurs without symptoms.
aging is a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy / spn.
purpose : perception of circular disconnected contours requires the integration of relevant local orientation information across space and the suppression of irrelevant orientations.
conclusions : these results support the suggestion that , whereas integrative mechanisms are not affected by age , suppressive mechanisms are.
there was no lge in the age-matched veteran controls or young athletes.
these data suggest a link between lifelong endurance exercise and myocardial fibrosis that requires further investigation.
sedentary aging results in a diminished rapid cutaneous vasodilator response to local heating.
neither bt nor yp affected the rapid vasodilator response in the older sedentary group ( p > @number@ ) .
finally , in older sedentary men , the rapid vasodilation appears not to involve the sympathetic system.
the study subjects were @number@ finnish girls who were 10-13 yr old at baseline.
lm and fm of the total body ( tb ) , arms , legs , and trunk were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
muscle cross-sectional area ( mcsa ) of the left leg was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
scores of ltpa were obtained by questionnaire.
at baseline , no differences were found in lm , fm , and fm% among the groups in any of the body segments.
participating in @number@ h of ltpa per week had a significant effect on fm% but not on the absolute amount of fat mass.
snps with significant associations were then tested in the beocopd study and the international copd genetics network.
based on the human results , we assessed histology and gene expression in the lungs of sox5 ( - / - ) mice.
measurements and main results : in the case-control analysis , @number@ snps were significant at p ≤ @number@
association with rs11046966 was not replicated in the international copd genetics network.
conclusions : genetic variation in the transcription factor sox5 is associated with copd susceptibility.
a mouse model suggests that the effect may be due , in part , to its effects on lung development and / or repair processes.
all participants were of the same caucasian ( spanish ) descent.
the ace i / d genotype met hardy-weinberg expectations in all the cohorts.
allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ by sex in any of the study groups ( all p > @number@ ) .
in summary , the ace i / d polymorphism is not significantly associated with extreme longevity in the spanish population.
further research is , however , necessary using other approaches.
it also remains to be determined if the interaction of ace genotypes with some other genetic variants exerts a potential effect on longevity.
background : research on the association between habitual sleep duration and quality in older adults is scarce and has shown conflicting results.
moreover , no previous study has assessed the influence of health status on this association.
design : cross-sectional study with data collected by telephone interview.
setting : community-based study.
subjects : a total of @number@ community-dwelling individuals aged ≥68 years in spain.
moreover , those who slept ≥9 h were more likely to report daytime sleepiness ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
in stratified analyses , these associations generally did not vary with health status.
introduction : the economic impact of smoking for california's hispanic population for @number@ was estimated.
the estimates include smoking-attributable health care expenditures and productivity losses from smoking-caused mortality.
models were estimated using national survey data.
the estimated parameters were then applied to california-specific data.
smoking-attributable mortality was assessed using epidemiological models.
three measures of mortality were estimated : deaths , years of potential life lost , and the value of lost productivity.
results : adult current smoking prevalence for hispanics was @percent@ compared to @percent@ for all californians in @number@
male hispanics smoke at much higher rates than females ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) , and one in four smokers in the state is hispanic.
the health care cost of smoking was $ 662 million for the hispanic community.
the total cost of smoking for this community amounted to $ 1.4 billion ( @number@ dollars ) or $ 1.9 billion expressed in @number@ dollars.
conclusions : smoking prevalence is relatively low among california hispanics , but the economic impact is large because the population is large.
background : the decision to commit suicide may be impulsive , but lethal suicidal acts often involve planning and forethought.
people who attempt suicide make disadvantageous decisions in other contexts , but nothing is known about the way they decide about the future.
can the willingness to postpone future gratification differentiate between individuals prone to serious , premeditated and less serious , unplanned suicidal acts ?
the reference group was @number@ psychiatrically healthy elders.
results : individuals who had made low-lethality attempts displayed an exaggerated preference for immediate rewards compared with nonsuicidal depressed and healthy control subjects.
those who had carried out high-lethality suicide attempts were more willing to delay future rewards , compared with low-lethality attempters.
better planned suicide attempts were also associated with willingness to wait for larger rewards.
protein misfolding can lead to chronic endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress which can exacerbate oxidative stress.
this can trigger apoptotic cascades resulting in chronic inflammatory disorders.
despite intense interest in origins and magnitude of oxidative stress , ability to quantify oxidants has been limited because they are short lived.
we have developed quantitative mass spectrometry ( ms ) -based analytical strategies to analyze stable end products of protein oxidation.
our studies support the hypothesis that unique reactive intermediates generated in localized microenvironments of vulnerable tissues promote end-organ damage.
the ability to quantify these changes and assess response to therapies will be pivotal in understanding disease mechanisms and monitoring efficacy of therapy.
hence , in this paper an attempt was made to summarize recent findings.
notably , some 5-ht6 receptor agonists seem to have promnesic and / or antiamnesic effects.
at the present , it is unclear why 5-ht6 receptor agonists and antagonists may facilitate memory or may reverse amnesia in some memory tasks.
certainly , 5-ht6 drugs modulate memory , which are accompanied with neural changes.
likewise , memory , aging , and ad modify 5-ht6 receptors and signaling cascades.
further investigation in different memory tasks , times , and amnesia models together with more complex control groups might provide further clues.
notably , human studies suggest a potential utility of 5-ht6 receptor antagonists in mild-to-moderate ad patients.
even individuals with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) offer a great opportunity to test them.
major depressive disorder has been associated with activation of inflammatory processes as well as with reductions in innate , adaptive and non-specific immune responses.
fifty-two subjects had a current major depressive disorder , and @number@ age- and sex-matched controls had no history of depression or any mental illness.
in addition , an age-related reduction in vzv-rcf was observed in the depressed patients , but not in the controls.
furthermore , there was a trend for depressive symptom severity to be associated with lower elispot counts.
finally , vzv-rcf was higher in depressed patients treated with antidepressant medications as compared to untreated depressed patients.
animals were pretreated intravenously with catalytically active repon1 , followed by exposure to @number@ @date@ lct₅₀ sarin or soman.
recombinant pon1 pretreated animals exposed to sarin or soman prevented the reduction of blood o₂ saturation and pulse rate observed after nerve agent exposure.
ache activity in different brain regions of repon1 pretreated animals exposed to sarin or soman were also significantly higher than respective controls.
the remaining activity of blood pon1 , cholinesterases and brain ache in pon1 pretreated animals after nerve agent exposure correlated with the survival rate.
in summary , these data suggest that human repon1 protects against sarin and soman exposure in guinea pigs.
objective : there are several neuropathological scales for staging of alzheimer pathology.
a combination of the braak and cerad staging scales was recommended by the national institute on aging and reagan institute ( nia-ri ) .
the aim of the present study was to critically compare these four neuropathological staging scales.
consequently , we examined the behavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic paroxetine ( prx ) treatment in adult and adolescent rats.
subsequent ex-vivo analyses examined serum prx concentrations , striatal neurotransmitter content , and regional serotonin and dopamine transporter ( sert , dat ) binding density.
after 11-12 d treatment , prx-treated adolescent rats showed a significant inhibition of social interaction while adults were unaffected.
two prx-treated adolescents died unexpectedly after the fst suggesting a compromised response to physical stress.
despite their greater apparent adverse reaction to the drug , adolescents had significantly lower plasma prx than adults at day @number@ of treatment.
sert density was up-regulated in the amygdala in prx-treated adolescents only while dat density in the nucleus accumbens was down-regulated only in prx-treated adults.
surgical replacement of the aortic valve is an effective treatment modality in patients with degenerative and calcific aortic stenosis.
in an aging population , however , increasing numbers of patients have comorbidities that make surgical intervention a high-risk procedure.
promising first results of a randomized trial have recently been published.
however , the success rates of ivf and intra-uterine insemination ( iui ) in this group remain low.
this review showed that assisted reproduction technologies ( arts ) continue to have low live-birth rates in women over @number@
trials showed that assisted hatching may increase the chance of pregnancy in women with poor history.
it appears that , with the exception of egg-donation , art has no answer yet to age-related decline of female fertility.
naproxen / esomeprazole is a fixed-dose combination of the nsaid naproxen and the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole.
methods : a register-based cross-sectional national study used drug reimbursement data from finland's social insurance institution ( sii ) .
these data cover the entire non-institutionalized population aged ≥65 years in @number@
indirect costs were excluded.
however , benzodiazepines were commonly used and actions to improve medication safety should target reducing their use.
background : an increasing number of medications that are frequently prescribed to elderly patients have been identified as having weak but definite anticholinergic properties.
we searched the medline database ( 1973-2008 ) to identify drugs with anticholinergic properties.
all drugs with well known anticholinergic activity , mild reported anticholinergic effects or in vitro anticholinergic activity were included in the study.
measurements : we used the free and cued selective reminding ( fcsr ) test to evaluate verbal episodic memory.
results : the mean ± sd number of drugs with anticholinergic properties taken by the subjects was @number@ ± @number@
neuropsychological test batteries revealed a significant unfavourable effect of use of drugs with anticholinergic activity on episodic verbal memory.
tests evaluating other cognitive functions were not affected by use of drugs with anticholinergic activity.
conclusion : clinicians should assess the current use of drugs with anticholinergic properties in the elderly , particularly in patients presenting for memory evaluation.
in such cases , use of other therapeutic alternatives should be considered.
evidence-based data for the management of anticoagulation in elderly patients with severe renal impairment , in particular , are limited.
these patients are frequently excluded from randomized clinical trials evaluating anticoagulants , confounding clinical decision making.
dalteparin sodium has been evaluated in small studies within this population but no strategy for reduced dosing has been developed.
age and renal function appear to affect the exposure of dabigatran etexilate.
a dose reduction is recommended in the elderly and in those with moderate renal function , but dabigatran etexilate is contraindicated in severe renal impairment.
monitoring anticoagulant activity may help improve the safety profile of anticoagulants in elderly patients with renal impairment , particularly when approved dose reductions are unavailable.
however , unlike the lmwhs , clinical surveillance of the new anticoagulants is challenging.
in conclusion , extra care should be taken when anticoagulants are administered to elderly patients with renal impairment.
this has resulted in a lack of evidence that has complicated treatment in this patient group.
physically fit patients without significant co-morbidity are likely to benefit from the standard treatment of fludarabine , cyclophosphamide and rituximab ( fcr ) .
latest data suggest that the alkylating drug chlorambucil rather than fludarabine is a reasonable chemotherapeutic backbone for chemoimmunotherapy in these patients.
the study was aimed at exploring the impact of early discontinuation of antidepressant treatment on the risk of antidepressant re-initiation.
both groups displayed limited evidence for a relationship between hippocampal volume and fmri activation.
there was no significant relationship between entorhinal cortex volume and activation during intentional encoding in either group.
third , i offer an illustration of the methodologies using data for the united states.
western countries are facing a huge increase of hemodynamically relevant cases of aortic stenosis in an aging population.
in germany transcatheter aortic-valve implantations ( tavi ) procedures are reimbursed according to a drg number.
its usage its not only regulated in a position paper of the german society of cardiology giving detailed recommendations for its application and indication.
in germany , approximately @number@ tavi procedures were performed in @number@ and even more are expected in @number@
according to the frequency of its usage , drg reimbursement , and position papers , tavi procedures seem to be established.
its economic burden in this context is unclear , too.
however , there is a need for an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement to increase the acceptance of valve implantation in an aging population.
this in vitro study compared the marginal adaptation of all-ceramic mod-inlays luted to human molars with four self-adhesive resin cements.
thirty-two human third molars were randomly assigned to four test groups ( n = @number@ per group ) .
mod cavities were prepared with approximal finishing lines in dentin and enamel.
all-ceramic empress @number@ inlays were luted with four self-adhesive cements ( clearfil sa , icem , bifix se , set ) .
the marginal fit was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) and dye penetration.
data were analyzed with the anova / tukey's test ( α = @number@ ) .
in enamel , set showed significantly higher marginal integrity than icem after water storage and tcml ( post hoc ; p = @number@ ) .
furthermore , the marginal adaptation of icem in enamel deteriorated by simulated aging ( p = @number@ anova ) .
performance on the m-fpt was scored by computing the cumulative number of unique designs ( uds ) performed on a 3-min administration time.
multiple regression analyses revealed a significant effect of age and education , but not gender , for both uds and css.
equivalent scores and cut-off scores were then determined for uds and css.
descriptive statistical analyses and cut-off scores were reported for erri.
sirtuins are the mammalian homologs of the yeast histone deacetylase sir2.
among members of this family , sirt6 appears to have particular significance in regulating metabolism , dna repair and lifespan.
in this context , new research from our lab has established sirt6 as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis.
the nuclear lamina is an interconnected meshwork of intermediate filament proteins underlying the nuclear envelope.
the lamina is an important regulator of nuclear structural integrity as well as nuclear processes , including transcription , dna replication and chromatin remodeling.
the major components of the lamina are a- and b-type lamins.
mutations in lamins impair lamina functions and cause a set of highly tissue-specific diseases collectively referred to as laminopathies.
the phenotypic diversity amongst laminopathies is hypothesized to be caused by mutations affecting specific protein interactions , possibly in a tissue-specific manner.
current technologies to identify interaction partners of lamin a and its mutants are hampered by the insoluble nature of lamina components.
to overcome the limitations of current technologies , we developed and applied a novel , unbiased approach to identify lamin a-interacting proteins.
this approach involves expression of the high-affinity onestrep-tag , precipitation of lamin-protein complexes after reversible protein cross-linking and subsequent protein identification by mass spectrometry.
nuclear intermediate filament networks formed by a- and b-type lamins are major components of the nucleoskeleton.
how lamins interact with other nucleoskeletal components , and even the identities of these other components , are open questions.
previous studies suggested lamins might bind actin.
we report that the recombinant c-terminal tail domain of human a- and b-type lamins binds directly to purified actin in high-speed pelleting assays.
the lamin a tail was unique among lamins in having a second actin-binding site ( ab-2 ) .
a-type lamins provide a scaffold for tethering chromatin and protein complexes regulating nuclear structure and function.
interest in lamins increased after mutations in the lmna gene were found to be associated with a variety of human disorders termed laminopathies.
these include muscular dystrophy , cardiomyopathy , lipodystrophy , peripheral neuropathy and premature aging syndromes such as progeria.
in addition , altered expression of a-type lamins is emerging as a contributing factor to tumorigenesis.
several lines of evidence indicate that mutant forms of a-type lamins impact on genome function and integrity.
a current model suggests that genomic instability plays a major part in the pathophysiology of some lamin-related diseases.
however , this model remains to be fully investigated.
these findings have shed some light onto the putative molecular mechanisms by which alterations in a-type lamins induce genomic instability and contribute to disease.
in addition , treatment with protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors improves whole animal phenotypes in mouse models of hgps.
however , improvement in nuclear morphology in tissues after treatment of animals has not been demonstrated.
these results show that pharmacological blockade of protein prenylation reverses nuclear morphological abnormalities that occur in hgps in vivo.
they further suggest that skin biopsy may be useful to determine if protein farnesylation inhibitors are exerting effects in subjects with hgps in clinical trials.
whether tdp-43 pathology is merely an incidental finding in ad or actually contributing to the more severe clinical phenotype remains unresolved.
limited studies suggest that tdp-43 pathology is infrequent in neurologically normal elderly ( @percent@ or less ) .
serum galactose-deficient immunoglobulin a1 ( gd-iga1 ) is an inherited risk factor for adult iga nephropathy ( igan ) .
serum gd-iga1 concentrations were quantified using a helix aspersa-lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
this is the first investigation about the meaning of the taken-for-granted concept from the perspective of a group of older survivors.
method : data were collected and analyzed using constructivist grounded theory.
some had never heard of cs.
cancer survivorship was an ambiguous concept that predated the women's cancer experience.
background : the proportion of elderly ( ≥65 years ) kidney transplant recipients ( ktrs ) doubled in the united states from @number@ to @number@
it is unknown whether participants in transplant clinical trials-which generate the best evidence for patient care-are representative of the aging population of ktrs.
methods : using pubmed , we identified randomized trials involving ktrs from @number@ to @number@ and determined age-exclusion criteria and the mean age of participants.
the mean age of these trial participants was compared with the mean age of the overall population of incident ktrs in the united states.
results : the @number@ participants in @number@ trials were significantly younger than the us ktr population ( p < 0.05 ) .
thirty percent of trials had an exclusion criterion based on older age , and @percent@ excluded recipients aged @number@ years or older.
conclusions : trial participants are younger than ktrs in the united states and many trials exclude older patients.
transplant investigators should make strong efforts to recruit patients across the total age spectrum.
this is a significant problem in long-lived cells like neurons , where pathway defects can result in the accumulation of aggregates containing ubiquitinated proteins.
the p62 / ref ( @number@ ) p family of proteins is involved in the autophagic clearance of cytoplasmic protein bodies or sequestosomes.
these unique structures are closely associated with protein inclusions containing ubiquitin as well as key components of the autophagy pathway.
using this technique we show that genetic or age-dependent changes that modify the long-term enhancement or suppression of aggrephagy can be identified.
this technique can also be used to examine proteopathies that are associated with human disorders such as frontotemporal dementia , huntington and alzheimer disease.
the morphology and physiology of both the vulva and vagina undergo characteristic age-related changes over a lifetime.
at birth , these tissues exhibit the effects of residual maternal estrogens.
during puberty , the vulva and vagina mature under the influence of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones.
during the reproductive years , the vagina responds to ovarian steroid hormone cycling , and both tissues adapt to the needs of pregnancy and delivery.
following menopause , the vulva and vagina atrophy.
a rise in the prevalence of incontinence among older women increases the risk of vulvar and perineal dermatitis.
this chapter covers the morphology and physiology of the genital area from infancy to old age.
however , the actual factors responsible and the extent of their contribution to individual health status are not known.
information on psychosocial factors and other individual- and community-level factors was collected in the second half of @number@ using a baseline questionnaire.
vital status and physical and cognitive decline have been followed using data derived from long-term care insurance certification.
geographical information on the study participants was also obtained.
results : a total of @number@ @number@ ( @number@ men ; @number@ women ) study participants were registered in the study.
conclusions : the ages @number@ cohort study provides useful evidence for research in social epidemiology , gerontology , and health services.
when the γ-h2ax foci which mark the dsbs are stained , individual breaks are detectible , making the assay suitable for situations requiring great sensitivity.
methods : we performed longitudinal neuropsychological testing on an apoe ε4 enriched cohort , ages 21-97.
the long-term memory ( ltm ) score of the auditory verbal learning test ( avlt ) was the primary outcome measure.
apoe ε4 carrier status showed a significant quadratic effect with age-related ltm decline in all models as previously reported.
cvany was associated with further longitudinal avlt ltm decline in apoe ε4 carriers ( p = 0.02 ) , but had no effect in noncarriers.
when ε4 htz and hmz were considered separately , there was a striking effect in hmz ( p < 0.001 ) but not in htz.
conclusion : cv risk factors influence age-related memory decline in apoe ε4 hmz.
patients are first diagnosed with ppa and are then divided into clinical variants based on specific speech and language features characteristic of each subtype.
the working recommendations are presented in lists of features , and suggested assessment tasks are also provided.
future collaborations will collect prospective data to identify relationships between each of these syndromes and specific biomarkers for a more detailed understanding of clinicopathologic correlations.
sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.
recent evidence suggests that an age-associated loss of muscle precursor cell ( mpc ) functionality contributes to sarcopenia.
mpcs were collected from the gastrocnemius and plantaris of 3-mo-old ( young ) and 32-mo-old ( old ) animals.
splenic t cells were harvested using anti-cd3 dynabead isolation.
t cells were activated for @number@ h with costimulation of @number@ iu / ml interleukin-2 ( il-2 ) and @number@ μg / ml of anti-cd28.
costimulation increased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation of t cells from @number@ ± @percent@ in control to @number@ ± @percent@ in costimulated cells.
t cell cytokines were also found to be a chemoattractant.
these data suggest that t cells may play a critical role in mediating mpc function.
furthermore , aging may alter t cell-induced mpc function.
these findings have implications for developing strategies aimed at increasing mpc migration and proliferation leading to an improved regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle.
we combined this information with surveys to identify the cause and age of death for individuals in this community who died before this period.
these results provide evidence for a role of evolutionarily conserved pathways in the control of aging and disease burden in humans.
so far , there has been no data about the presence of ms in young hypogonadal patients.
also , there is controversial data about the metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy.
we investigated the frequency of ms in treatment-naïve , young men with congenital hypogonadal hypogonadism ( chh ) .
we also searched for the effect of testosterone replacement on the metabolic profiles of this specific patient group.
design : retrospective analysis.
methods : a total of @number@ patients ( age @number@ ± @number@ years ) were enrolled.
the control group included @number@ age- and body mass index ( bmi ) -matched healthy young men ( age @time@ ± @number@ years ) .
standard regimen of testosterone esters ( @number@ mg / 3 weeks ) was given to @number@ patients.
results : ms was more prevalent in chh ( p < 0.001 ) according to healthy controls.
conclusions : this study shows increased prevalence of ms and unfavorable effects of testosterone replacement in young patients with chh.
long-term follow-up studies are warranted to investigate the cardiovascular safety of testosterone treatment in this specific population.
context : vitamin d ( vit-d ) deficiency is associated with type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and endothelial dysfunction.
the relationship of vit-d deficiency with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial dysfunction in type @number@ dm patients nonetheless remains unclear.
this suggests that vit-d deficiency might contribute to depletion of epcs and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type @number@ dm.
context : administration of chemotherapy to premenopausal women shortens their reproductive lifespan by depleting nonrenewable oocytes.
preservation of fertility is a priority for many such women , and identification of women at risk of infertility is therefore important.
however , age is the only patient characteristic currently recognized to be predictive of long-term ovarian function after chemotherapy.
objective : our objective was to assess markers of ovarian reserve and age as long-term predictors of ovarian function after chemotherapy.
design and setting : we conducted a prospective , longitudinal study at a university hospital and research institute.
patients : patients included women who were premenopausal at the time of diagnosis of early breast cancer.
main outcome measures : ovarian function was assessed at @number@ yr follow-up in relation to pretreatment hormonal and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve.
results : forty-two women received ( neo- ) adjuvant chemotherapy.
pretreatment serum amh , fsh , antral follicle count , and age predicted late ovarian activity by univariate analysis.
bone mineral density fell over the 4-5 yr after diagnosis with greater loss in women with lower ovarian activity.
higher pretreatment amh was associated with lower bone mineral density at both lumbar spine and hip at @number@ yr ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : measurement of amh at cancer diagnosis predicts long-term ovarian function after chemotherapy.
use of this in clinical practice may allow better prediction of chemotherapy-related risk to future fertility.
results : one half of the participants were vitamin d deficient ( 25 [ oh ] d < @number@ ng / ml ) at baseline.
a systematic computerized literature search using an iterative manipulation process of the keywords : obesity , elderly , weight loss.
the following databases were accessed on @date@ : medline , cochrane collaboration , ovid and scholar google.
bmi may be a less appropriate index in the elderly.
reduction in polypharmacy is a valuable target for weight management.
overall balance of clinical outcomes has not been evaluated.
in older people the risks from bariatric surgery outweigh benefits.
randomized controlled trials to determine health benefits and risks from long-term weight management in obese elderly are necessary.
small studies in humans have suggested that temperatures may be lower among elderly populations , usually attributed to loss of thermoregulation.
overall , women had higher mean temperatures ( @number@ ± @number@.2°f ) than men ( @number@ ± @number@.1°f ; p < @number@ ) .
the results are consistent with low body temperature as a biomarker for longevity.
prospective studies are needed to confirm whether this represents a survival advantage associated with lifetime low steady state temperature.
background : it is not clear whether recent increases in life expectancy are accompanied by a concurrent postponement of activity limitations.
to account for heterogeneity between surveys , we used meta-analyses to study time trends.
results : time trends of @number@ out of the @number@ activity limitation variables studied were stable.
age- and gender-stratified time trend analyses showed consistent patterns.
conclusions : no declines were observed in the prevalence of activity limitations in the dutch older population over the period 1990-2007.
the increase in life expectancy in this period is accompanied by a stable prevalence of most activity limitations.
background & aims : age-related changes of body composition affect health status.
this study aims at clarifying body composition changes in healthy elderly subjects , and evaluating the impact of physical activity on these changes.
in @number@ @number@ of them repeated these assessments with additional determination of barthel index , mini mental state examination and geriatric depression score.
results : lean tissues decreased in both genders ( p < @number@ ) .
plotting of fat-free mass evolution against age at baseline showed an exponential loss of fat-free mass.
increased physical activity limited lean tissue loss in men but not in women.
conclusion : loss of lean tissues occurs exponentially with aging.
further research should confirm these changes in subjects over @number@ years.
increasing physical activity limits fat-free mass loss in men but not women.
summary relative risks ( rrs ) were calculated using meta-analysis methods.
results : overall , ten individual-level studies were included that reported on the association between circulating vitamin d levels and oc incidence.
no indication for heterogeneity and publication bias was found.
chromatin remodeling is required for transcriptional activation and repression.
h4 lysine @number@ was acetylated at @number@ h post-serum stimulation while there was no change in acetylation of lysine @number@
hdac1 and @number@ were decreased at this promoter during cell cycle progression.
over-expression of mrg15 in hela cells activated a cdc2 promoter-reporter construct in a dose-dependent manner , whereas knockdown of mrg15 resulted in decreased promoter activity.
further , chromatin immunoprecipitation with tip60 localizes the protein to the same 110bp stretch of the cdc2 promoter pulled down by mrg15.
additionally , we determined that cotransfection of mrg15 with the known associated hat tip60 had a cooperative effect in activating the cdc2 promoter.
osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive breakdown of articular cartilage.
this review summarizes findings of the last year , which shed new light on mechanisms and factors involved in cartilage loss.
in addition , hif-2α suppresses chondrocyte autophagy , herein promoting chondrocyte apoptosis.
the crucial role of mmp-13 is further underlined by reduced oa pathology in mmp-13 deficient mice.
the latter might occur in a proteoglycan depleted peri-cellular matrix , where ddr-2 expression is enhanced in oa cartilage and transgenic suppression attenuates experimental oa.
alk-1 rather than tgfβ is a promising therapeutic target.
finally , the alarmins s100a8 and @number@ have long been considered as markers of inflammatory joint destruction , but now appear to be catabolic mediators.
maintenance of cellular homeostasis influences ageing and it is determined by several factors , including efficient proteolysis of damaged proteins.
the ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major protein degradation pathway in the cell.
in this review the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in protein degradation at different levels of cellular life is discussed in relation with ageing.
up-regulation of proteasome activity is characteristic of muscle wasting conditions , but may not be rate limiting.
meanwhile , enhanced presence of immunoproteasomes in ageing brain and muscle tissue could reflect a persistent inflammatory defence and anti-stress mechanism.
insulin / igf-1 signalling regulates ageing in worms , flies and mammals.
the insulin / igf-1 receptor inhibits the forkhead transcription factor , foxo through activating a cascade of conserved kinases.
longevity increases when foxo becomes activated in response to reduced insulin / igf-1 signalling.
the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in signal transduction associated with stress and ageing.
background : hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , one of the most common cancers world-wide occurs twice as often in men compared to women.
predisposing conditions such as alcoholism , chronic viral hepatitis , aflatoxin b1 ingestion , and cirrhosis all contribute to the development of hcc.
furthermore , upon alcohol exposure murine embryonic fibroblasts exhibited increased plk4 hypermethylation and downregulation along with increased centrosome numbers and multinucleation.
conclusions : these results suggest that aberrant plk methylation is correlated with the development of hcc in mice.
objectives : a descriptive tool or validated scale of consciousness is desirable in infants to test the value of any depth of anesthesia monitor.
conclusion : criteria for awakening of infants from anesthesia need to be developed and agreed.
endothelium-dependent contractions contribute to endothelial dysfunction in various animal models of aging , diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
endothelium-dependent contractions are also observed in various models of hypertension , aging and diabetes.
they generally also involve the generation of cox-1- and / or cox-2-derived products and the activation of smooth muscle tp receptors.
as it has been observed in animal models , cox-1 , cox-2 or both isoforms can contribute to these endothelial dysfunctions.
this randomized , placebo-controlled trial was designed to determine the safety and clinical efficacy of senicapoc in scd patients.
one hundred and forty-five patients were randomized to receive senicapoc and @number@ patients to receive placebo for @number@ weeks.
comparisons of the times to first , second and third crises between the senicapoc and placebo groups were not statistically significant.
nausea and urinary tract infections occurred more frequently in the senicapoc group than placebo.
serious adverse events were similar in the two groups.
by @number@ the number of older adults within the united states will have doubled to approximately @number@ million.
included in this population estimate is the relative growth in the number of older adults of racial and ethnic minority descent.
this is also true for the older african american.
unfortunately , those with the greatest need for diabetes-related care are least likely to access that care.
this article defines wisdom and despair as choices for cognitively intact older adults.
some individuals are able to integrate the conditions of old age while others respond in ways that inhibit effective integration.
constructs of personality , including self-concept , self-acceptance , destiny control , interiority , rigidity , and flexibility , are described.
finally , guidelines for nurses working with older adults who are facing this developmental stage of life are provided.
androgen signaling occurs primarily via the androgen receptor.
cathepsin x is a lysosomal cysteine protease that functions as a carboxypeptidase with broad substrate specificity.
cathepsin x was discovered only recently , and its physiological roles are still not well understood.
furthermore , we have developed a method for selectively labeling and visualizing active cathepsin x in vitro and in vivo.
overall , the probes developed in this study are valuable tools for the study of cathepsin x function.
the clinical heterogeneity of parkinson's disease ( pd ) may point at the existence of subtypes.
because subtypes likely reflect distinct underlying etiologies , their identification may facilitate future genetic and pharmacotherapeutic studies.
aim of this study was to identify subtypes by a data-driven approach applied to a broad spectrum of motor and nonmotor features of pd.
data of motor and nonmotor pd symptoms were collected in @number@ patients in two different european prevalent cohorts.
a model-based cluster analysis was conducted on baseline data of @number@ patients of a dutch cohort ( propark ) .
the subtypes were subsequently characterized on clinical and demographic variables.
background : asian americans represent a mix of cultures and immigration experiences , which may put them differentially at risk for mental health problems.
yet , little is known about the mental health needs of older adults from various asian subgroups compared to non-hispanic whites.
methods : a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of california adults responding to the @number@ california health interview survey.
results : a total of @number@ respondents were included.
clinicians who work closely with these patients should regularly screen and assess older asian adults for symptoms related to their mental health needs.
objective : alterations of blood and plasma viscosity can promote atherosclerosis.
the relationship between viscosity and aging is still controversial.
the present study evaluated the influence of aging on blood and plasma viscosity in a group of subjects followed for @number@ years.
methods : forty-five subjects have been evaluated twice @number@ years apart for hemorheological parameters and coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk factors.
plasma viscosity and blood viscosity have been measured with a cone-plate viscometer.
tk has been calculated as index of red blood cell rigidity.
chd risk factors , i.e. obesity , hypertension , hyperlipidemia and diabetes , have been evaluated by routine methods.
the percent variation in blood viscosity was not associated with the percent variation in any of the chd risk factors.
furthermore , the increase in blood viscosity was similar in males and females and in subjects with chd risk profile worsening or not.
conclusion : the present findings demonstrate that blood viscosity increases with age.
two centuries ago , the german bacteriologist robert koch proposed three postulates to support a causal relationship between a specific microbe and an infectious disease.
similarly , three postulates are formulated here to help evaluate hypothetical proposals attempting to explain the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the first postulate requires that the cause of ad precedes the cognitive decline and neurodegenerative pathology that characterize ad.
this rule identifies a primary event from a neuropathological effect generated by the disease process.
this postulate emphasizes prevention or reversal of emerging neurocognitive pathology considerably before ad onset.
for a causal hypothesis to be considered \ "likely \ " pathogenic to ad , support from all three postulates is a requisite.
the pragmatic potential of the three postulates was applied to seven proposals using evidence-based meta-analysis mainly from randomized controlled trials.
proposals included the amyloid-β , cell cycle , cholinergic , inflammatory , oxidative stress , tau , and vascular hypotheses.
clinical evidence derived from each proposal formed the basis for an inferential conclusion based on the level of confidence provided by the trial data.
between @number@ and @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) became impaired in all @number@ domains.
impairments in the @number@ domains increased subsequent disability with hypertension ( p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : hypertension increases the risk of concurrent impairments in mobility , cognition , and mood , which increases disability and mortality.
this association is mediated in part by microvascular brain injury.
cellular senescence is an important mechanism for preventing the proliferation of potential cancer cells.
recently , however , it has become apparent that this process entails more than a simple cessation of cell growth.
in addition to suppressing tumorigenesis , cellular senescence might also promote tissue repair and fuel inflammation associated with aging and cancer progression.
the challenge now is to understand the senescence response well enough to harness its benefits while suppressing its drawbacks.
background : many clinicians prescribe cautiously to older adults with common geriatric conditions for fear of causing adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) .
however , little is known about the association between these conditions and risk of adrs.
we used poisson regression to model the relationship between these geriatric conditions and adrs.
results : participants had a mean of @number@ ± @number@ geriatric conditions.
over the 12-month follow-up period , @number@ adrs occurred in @number@ participants , including @number@ adrs considered preventable and @number@ considered severe.
of the other seven geriatric conditions assessed were associated with adr risk.
conclusions : many geriatric conditions were not associated with risk of adrs.
although it is prudent to prescribe judiciously in patients with these conditions , excessive caution may not be warranted.
background : in demented older adults , in vivo amyloid imaging shows agreement with diagnostic neuropathologic assessment of β-amyloid ( aβ ) .
however , the extent of agreement in nondemented older adults remains unclear.
design : case series.
setting : community-dwelling older adults who came to autopsy.
participants : five nondemented and @number@ demented participant from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
on in vivo imaging , the mean cortical distribution volume ratio ranged from @number@ to @number@
the best overall agreement was achieved at a distribution volume ratio of @number@
conclusions : in older adults , variable agreement between in vivo imaging and cerad np score was observed.
the limited agreement may , in part , reflect differences in typical measurements of aβ using imaging compared with the cerad neuropathologic protocol.
direct quantification of regional aβ in relation to in vivo imaging is necessary to further enhance our understanding of the imaging-pathologic assessment correlation.
objective : to determine whether hearing loss is associated with incident all-cause dementia and alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
design : prospective study of @number@ individuals who underwent audiometric testing and were dementia free in @number@ to @number@
diagnosis of incident dementia was made by consensus diagnostic conference.
setting : baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
participants : six hundred thirty-nine individuals aged @number@ to @number@ years.
main outcome measure : incident cases of all-cause dementia and ad until @date@ .
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ cases of incident all-cause dementia were diagnosed , of which @number@ cases were ad.
conclusions : hearing loss is independently associated with incident all-cause dementia.
whether hearing loss is a marker for early-stage dementia or is actually a modifiable risk factor for dementia deserves further study.
skeletal muscle generates superoxide and nitric oxide at rest and this generation is increased by contractile activity.
during ageing all tissues , including skeletal muscle , demonstrate an accumulation of oxidative damage that may contribute to loss of tissue homeostasis.
alternative explanations such as hemispheric asymmetry reduction and reactive rather than proactive processing in older adults were not supported.
model a is a multiple regression model with cognitive and symptom variables as predictors and functional capacity as the latent outcome variable.
ninety-eight community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia ( mean age = 35.8years , s.d. = 10.1 ) participated in the study.
results indicate that verbal memory , processing speed and negative symptoms significantly contributed to functional status.
the influence of negative symptoms on functional capacity was partially mediated by processing speed.
not unlike the general population , the population of nurses is aging.
what should individuals older than @number@ years know to mitigate the effects of aging both physically and professionally ?
the glyoxalase system has been studied since @number@
the biochemical function of this enzymatic system is the metabolism of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites , glyoxal and methylglyoxal , to less reactive products.
the glyoxalase @number@ gene is also a site of copy number variation in both transcribed and non-transcribed regions giving rise to population variation of expression.
the glyoxalase system and glo1 expression particularly is therefore likely linked to healthy ageing.
epigenetic mechanisms in the brain are a series of post-translational chromatin and dna modifications driven by external input.
the field of learning and memory is becoming particularly interested in understanding the cognitive influence of epigenetics.
next the implications for disorders of cognition , such as alzheimer's disease , will be discussed.
results : both %suv and binding values increased with age linearly in the whole brain and in all brain regions.
there were no significant differences between the %suv values of the ad patients and age matched control subjects.
these data indicate an inhomogeneous up-regulation of the tspo system during ageing and ad.
however , the global and regional brain %suv values between ad patients and age matched controls are not different from each other.
foxo transcription factors mediate anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic signals and act as tumor suppressors in cancer.
posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation regulate foxo activity by a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttle mechanism.
scaffold proteins coordinating signaling pathways in time and space play a critical role in this process.
cnk1 acts as a scaffold protein in several signaling pathways controlling the function of foxo proteins.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : p13k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
many cross-sectional studies have tried to assess the in vivo effect of oxidative stress on organismal aging in general and on telomere length dynamics specifically.
here we followed telomere length dynamics over a 12-month interval , in divers exposed to intense hyperbaric oxygen in comparison with an age-matched control group.
both groups were exposed to extreme physical activity , as well.
this event might be accompanied by enhanced cell division within the repopulating pool.
left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension represents a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and death.
in recent years , the prevalence of cardiac hypertrophy has increased due to obesity and an aging population.
notably , a significant number of individuals have persistent cardiac hypertrophy in the face of blood pressure that is normalized by drug treatment.
thus , a better understanding of the processes underlying the cardiac remodeling events that are set into play by hypertension is needed.
here we discuss recent developments in three areas that are fundamental to pathological hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes.
the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-akt signaling network may be the common denominator that links these areas together.
defining the interrelationship among trpc channels , mtor signaling , and hdac enzymes is a promising , but challenging area of research.
such knowledge will undoubtedly lead to new drugs that better prevent or reverse left ventricular hypertension.
the third aim acknowledges the substantial gap between recommended and actual fibre intakes in many developed countries including the usa and the uk.
in recognition of this deficit in total fibre intake , food manufacturing processes increasingly utilise fibre extracts and concentrates as food additives.
however , whether fibre extracts provide similar health benefits to the fibre supplied in the constituents of whole grain is largely unexplored.
the relative benefits of fibre extracts compared with whole-grain fibre sources therefore represent a critical area in which additional research is needed.
patterns of cerebral asymmetry related to visuospatial functions may change with age.
the typical leftward bias on a line bisection task may reflect cerebral asymmetry.
with age , such leftward bias decreases.
this study demonstrated that the age-related decrease of leftward bias may actually be sex-specific.
we observed that older men produced greater rightward line bisection errors , of primarily \ "where \ " spatial character.
however , women's errors remained leftward biased , and did not significantly change with age.
\ "where \ " spatial systems may be linked to cortico-cortical processing networks involving the posterior part of the dorsal visuospatial processing stream.
a genetic study in drosophila gives important insights into the epigenetic control of gene expression implicated in a human mental retardation syndrome.
interindividual variability in the disposition and action associated with similar doses of a given medication is an inherent characteristic of both adult and pediatric populations.
genotype-phenotype relationships in infants and children must take into account the role that ontogeny plays in producing variability in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
pharmacokinetic ( pk ) and pharmacodynamic ( pd ) modeling has elucidated aspects of developmental pharmacology of value to the anesthetic community.
the increasing sophistication of modeling techniques is associated with pitfalls that may not be readily apparent to readers or investigators.
this review identifies some of these pitfalls and suggests ideas to circumvent or investigate these hazards.
data came from @number@ university professors paired with one research assistant each.
finally , results of mediated moderation analyses showed that leader-member exchange quality mediated these moderating effects.
the findings suggest that , in combination , leader age and the age-related construct of generativity importantly influence leadership processes and outcomes.
estrogen-based therapies have long been the treatment of choice for women suffering from vms.
in this article , we review most of the efficacy and safety data on non-hormonal treatments for vms published over the past @number@ years.
overall , efficacy data support the use of some psychotropic medications , including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and gabapentin.
complementary and alternative methods for vms also showed limited but promising results , although more definitive studies are warranted.
the commonly perceived aging changes in the lower eyelid are a natural consequence of the anatomic attachments and age-related changes in the periorbital tissues.
greater anatomic understanding of the pathogenesis of aging changes in the lower eyelid has led to more anatomically conservative and appropriate cosmetic surgical treatments.
the decline in purely subtractive surgical techniques in blepharoplasty surgery and the advent of fat repositioning and other volume enhancement techniques has improved surgical outcomes.
this paper will review the effects of upper facial aging and emphasize patient evaluation , surgical techniques and complications of upper blepharoplasty.
the philosophy for brow lifting and brief overview of current brow lift techniques will also be presented.
asian blepharoplasty will not be covered.
the aim of this study was to examine physiological , perceptual , and affective responses during self-paced walking for three age groups.
each participant completed a maximal exercise test and a 20-min. bout of walking at a self-selected pace.
nevertheless , perceptual and affective responses were similar for all age groups.
methods : we extracted the mtdna from living subjects residing in atenas , costa rica.
conclusions : although laps significantly affect longevity , such differential longevity does not result in differential lifetime reproductive success.
from an evolutionary perspective , these longevity-associated polymorphisms do not affect the carriers ' darwinian fitness.
the rate of age-related shortening of telomeres is highest early in life and decreases with age.
shortened telomeres are thought to limit the proliferation of cells and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
although natural selection is widely assumed to operate against long telomeres because they entail increased cancer risk , the evidence for this is mixed.
instead , here it is proposed that telomere length is primarily limited by energetic constraints.
cell proliferation is energetically expensive , so shorter telomeres should lead to a thrifty phenotype.
shorter telomeres are proposed to restrain adaptive immunity as an energy saving mechanism.
with an increased reproductive lifespan , the fitness costs of premature aging are higher and longer telomeres will be favored by selection.
telomeres exhibit a paternal effect whereby the offspring of older fathers have longer telomeres due to increased telomere lengths of sperm with age.
this paternal effect is proposed to be an adaptive signal of the expected age of male reproduction in the environment offspring are born into.
the levels of antioxidative enzymes , such as heme oxygenase @number@ and @number@ cu / zn-sod , mn-sod and catalase , were also examined.
oxidative stress is also implicated in the activation of signal transduction pathways , such as mitogen-activated protein kinase ( mapk ) .
skin specimens were obtained from the surgical margins.
hne was increased in the chronically sunlight-exposed skin but not in the sunlight-protected skin.
the expression of heme oxygenase-2 was markedly increased in the sunlight-exposed skin compared with the sun-protected skin.
in contrast , the intensity of immunostaining of cu / zn-sod , mn-sod and catalase was not different between the two areas.
phosphorylated p38 mapk and phosphorylated jnk accumulated in the ante-auricular dermis and epidermis , respectively.
these data show that particular anti-oxidative enzymes function as protective factors in chronically sunlight-exposed human skin.
@number@ ) , a measure tapping psychological aspects of medical interventions , would predict scan outcome when current diagnoses of claustrophobia were controlled.
in logistic regression analyses , unsuccessful scan outcome was predicted by prior mri completion and asi mental concerns subscale scores , but not clinical status.
this model correctly classified @percent@ of successful and @percent@ of unsuccessful scans.
implications for improving the success rates of mri with older adults are discussed.
in the literature , non-ablative fractionated photothermolysis ( nfp ) is accredited with improvement of wrinkles and scars combined with a reduced downtime.
the appearance of the treated condition was evaluated in a retrospective study by two blinded investigators based on follow-up photographs and by patient self-assessment.
the frequency of side-effects was also assessed.
no serious side-effects were reported.
the light device used did not lead to a considerable clinical improvement of hypertrophic scars , acne scars , or wrinkles in this study.
aging represents a complex remodeling in which both innate and adaptive immunities deteriorate.
age-related changes in humoral immunity are responsible for the reduced vaccine responses observed in elderly individuals.
although t cell alterations play a significant role in age-related humoral immune changes , alterations in b cells also occur.
we here provide an overview of age-related changes in b cell markers and functions.
our studies have shown that intrinsic changes in b cells with age contribute to reduced antibody responses such as those to the influenza vaccine.
in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system , electron spin resonance showed that aged garlic extract scavenged superoxide radicals in a dose-dependent manner up to @percent@.
the ec ( @number@ ) value of aged garlic extract for the superoxide radical scavenging effect was @number@ mg / ml.
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated human neutrophils produced superoxide radical of @number@ ± @number@ nmol / min / 10 ( @number@ ) cells.
aged garlic extract ( @number@ mg / ml ) significantly inhibited superoxide production in comparison to the control.
these data suggest that aged garlic extract may be useful for preventing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.
the anterior inclination was significant steeper in males than in females on both the left and right sides.
a moderate positive correlation was found between age and anterior inclinations on the left and right sides.
of the other parameters were significantly affected by age or gender.
of the parameters differed significantly between the right and left sides of the mandibular fossa in males , females , or all subjects.
the anterior inclination of the mandibular fossa was affected by aging and gender becoming steeper in asians males than females.
besides , there were no asymmetry in the right and left side inclinations of the mandibular fossa.
the importance of x chromosome in the aetiology of premature ovarian failure ( pof ) is well-known but in many cases pof still remains idiopathic.
chromosome aneuploidy increase is a physiological phenomenon related to aging , but the role of low-level sex chromosome mosaicism in ovarian function is still undiscovered.
in @number@ patients with @number@ , xx karyotype we performed interphase fish using x alpha-satellite probe in order to identify x chromosome mosaicism rate.
aneuploidy rate in the patient group was significantly higher than the general population group.
protein ubiquitylation is a key post-translational control mechanism contributing to different physiological processes , such as signal transduction and ageing.
a conserved factor that orchestrates distinct substrate-processing co-regulators in diverse species is the ubiquitin-selective chaperone cdc-48 ( also known as p97 ) .
here we report a synergistic cooperation between cdc-48 and atx-3 ( the caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of ataxin-3 ) in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and ageing regulation.
the study of stem cells in the epidermis is a rapidly emerging field.
great advances have been made in both basic and clinical research.
this article discusses these recent advances in cutaneous stem cell biology.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a highly prevalent human condition which is becoming an even greater health problem in an aging global population.
existing treatments for oa provide pain relief and some anti-inflammatory effects , but no truly disease-modifying treatments are available for this disease.
furthermore , the generally advanced age and frequent comorbid conditions present in oa patients limit safety of many available drugs.
treatments with enhanced safety margins and that offer chondroprotective effects are unmet needs.
nutraceuticals derived from foods and herbs have been long used in traditional medicine , and many have wide-ranging biologic effects suggesting novel mechanisms of action.
some of these have shown promise in controlled clinical trials in oa patients.
whether these approaches could offer safe symptom relief and possibly mediate beneficial joint remodeling in early oa are possibilities that merit further investigation.
background : lymphangiectases are a histologic sign of lymphostasis , which is associated with decreased immune cell trafficking and cell-mediated immunity.
objective : to determine if latent lymphedema is apparent underlying warts and in skin affected by cutaneous neoplasia.
results : all warts had one or more underlying lymphangiectases compared with @percent@ of peritumor normal skin samples and @percent@ of cosmetic specimens.
warts exhibited mild fibrosis significantly more frequently than peritumor skin ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
for peritumor ( normal ) skin , age , solar elastosis , and adjacent malignancy correlated with greater dilation of lymphatics.
solar elastosis also correlated with increased number of lymphangiectases.
conclusions : minor trauma and solar elastosis from chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure are likely the etiologic factors in the development of lymphostasis.
by decreasing immune surveillance , latent lymphedema ostensibly facilitates human papillomavirus infection and carcinogenesis.
the dysregulation of mitochondrial function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of parkinson disease.
mutations in the parkin , pink1 and dj-1 genes all result in recessive parkinsonism.
we have shown that loss of dj-1 leads to mitochondrial phenotypes including reduced membrane potential , increased fragmentation and accumulation of autophagic markers.
purpose : to review the uniqueness of the amish culture and evaluate the published research on cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors in the amish.
method : a computerized database search from @date@ to @date@ was conducted using the search terms amish and cardiovascular.
background : examine the independent and joint effects of geriatric syndromes ( gs ) and cardiometabolic diseases ( cmds ) on functional impairment.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the women's health initiative , including @number@ women aged @number@ years or older.
additive interaction between burden of gs and cmd was assessed using logistic regression models.
significant interactions between gs and cmd were observed for all functional measures with 20%-30% of observed ors attributable to additive interaction.
conclusion : gss alone are associated with functional impairment in older women ; the association is stronger in the presence of even one cmd.
this study retrospectively reviewed @number@ patients with non-small cell lung cancers ( nsclc ) who underwent pulmonary resection.
in conclusion , the rate of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients were similar to those observed in younger patients.
hospice is a major expansion area within the veterans health administration ( vha ) .
the total cost of providing hospice rose dramatically , increasing from $ 1.98 million in @number@ to $ 5.91 million in @number@
findings highlight the growing need and demand for hospice within the vha to provide end-of-life services.
background : volume loss and muscular hyperactivity are two major components of the aging process that contribute to the formation of the folds and wrinkles.
tear trough deformity is one of the most difficult depressions to correct surgically.
objective : the authors evaluate the results of periorbital filling with hyaluronic acid ( ha ) in a small series of patients.
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ patients were treated with ha to correct tear trough deformities.
the ha was administered into the preperiosteal tissues with a serial puncture technique and approximately @number@ ml was injected at each pass.
the significance of subjective aesthetic evaluation of the photographs was evaluated with the mann-whitney u-test.
differences were regarded as significant if probabilities were less than @number@
complications included some degree of bruising , erythema , and local swelling.
most patients ( @percent@ ) had cosmetic improvement according to the independent evaluation.
conclusions : all patients were very satisfied with their results.
many techniques have been reported for rejuvenation of the upper eyelids.
methods : the relationships between rls and potential secondary causes were examined in hospital patients aged 50years or more.
diagnosis of rls was based on a clinician interview.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had rls.
conclusion : iron deficiency and chronic kidney disease are the strongest predictors of rls in older hospital patients.
ferritin less than 70ng / ml is the best cutoff for identifying possible iron deficiency in rls patients with inflammatory conditions.
this paper focuses on an architecture competition for the silver generation , namely those aged @number@ years and older.
twenty-seven swedish informants were interviewed using an interviewing guide that included a photographic survey.
the informants emphasised aesthetic dimensions in architecture for the prolongation of ageing in place and independent living in a residential home.
this study highlights the individual adjustment of space , and the integrated location in existing urban settings near nature.
based on the findings , a habitational model for exploring the appropriate space for ageing is formulated.
it suggests that architecture through location and spatial features needs to generate positive associations with the users.
vaccination is crucially important in preventing infection and protecting vulnerable population from infectious diseases.
here we review the history and medical applications of mb , with emphasis on recent developments.
there were no group differences for clinical and neuropsychological measures , and apoe status.
results remained significant controlling for age , gender , education , apoe , and total intracranial volume.
no differences were observed between fhp and fh- in any regions.
nl fhm showed reduced gmv in load-affected brain regions compared with fh- and fhp , indicating higher risk for alzheimer's disease.
our findings support the use of regional brain atrophy as a preclinical biomarker for load among at-risk individuals.
participants included @number@ patients with alzheimer's disease or subcortical vascular dementia , and @number@ patients with amnestic mci or subcortical vascular mci.
cortical thickness was measured using the surface based method.
the topography of cortical thinning related to wmh was distributed in the frontal and perisylvian regions , which was similar to that of pwmh.
in contrast , there were only small areas of cortical thinning inversely associated with dwmh , which were distributed in medial frontal and lingual gyrus.
our results suggest that pwmh are associated with frontal thinning , which is further associated with frontal executive dysfunction.
to elucidate the relationship between aging and remodeling of the cardiovascular system , firstly , it is necessary to clarify the phenomena of cellular aging.
arteries and the heart change with aging while interacting with each other.
these arterial-cardiac interactions are also described.
background : colorectal cancer ( crc ) is generally a disease of the older population.
the prognosis and clinicopathologic features of crc in the young , compared with those in older patients , continue to be debated.
the markers cea , mmp-2 , and p27 ( kip1 ) were studied by immunohistochemistry in all patients.
results : the young group comprised @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients aged @number@ y or younger with a median age of @number@ y.
the remaining @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) comprised the old group , with a median age of @number@ y.
there were no statistical differences in gender distribution , tumor sites , tumor size , or gross type between the young and old groups.
the distribution of stage , differentiation grade , and extent of venous invasion were similar.
the median disease-free survival time was @number@ mo for the young group and @number@ mo for the old.
univariate analysis revealed that this difference was not significant ( p = @number@ ) .
multivariate cox regression analysis also demonstrated that the age of the patient was not an independent factor for the prognosis of crc.
there were no statistical differences between the young and old groups in the expression of cea , mmp-2 , or p27 ( kip1 ) .
however , stage i-iii young patients had a similar disease-free survival period as the older patients.
background : malnutrition is a common problem among older people and associated with reduced functional and cognitive ability.
design : population-based cohort study.
methods : data regarding demography , nutrition and functional and cognitive ability were collected through questionnaires , medical examinations and structured interviews.
results : the relationship was the strongest between cognitive ability and nutritional status among those living in special housing.
the present study tested this prediction by examining age-related differences in behavioral and electrophysiological adaptations to prior conflict.
although all groups showed a robust conflict effect , there were pronounced age-related differences in behavioral and electrophysiological adaptations to prior conflict.
first , responses to incongruent trials were faster following incongruent trials than following congruent trials , but only for adults and adolescents.
theoretical implications are discussed.
the total oxygen radical antioxidant capacity ( orac ) of @number@ arf reported by subjects was estimated using published values.
no significant association was found between tas and the total orac value of arf determined from the quantitative 24-h diet recalls.
these results highlight associations between arf consumption and circulating levels of antioxidants in the elderly and suggest benefits from antioxidant-rich foods during aging.
coronary plaque characteristics were analyzed on a per-segment basis according to the modified aha classification.
in conclusion , ccta is an effective method for measuring age-related differences in the burden of individual coronary plaque subtypes.
methods : a total of @number@ men underwent digital rectal examination of the prostate and completed an ipss questionnaire.
these men had visited our hospital for metabolic screening from @date@ to @date@ .
the ipss includes scores for @number@ questions on voiding symptoms , @number@ on storage symptoms , and @number@ on postmicturition symptoms.
in the middle-age men , the metabolic syndrome had a significant negative correlation with storage symptoms ( odds ratio @number@.258-0.426 ) .
in the younger and older men , luts was observed equally in those with and without the metabolic syndrome.
conclusions : a relationship between age and luts was observed ; however , the metabolic syndrome did not show a clear association with luts.
our results suggest that luts is associated with aging , regardless of the presence of the metabolic syndrome.
likewise , individuals in the first three quartiles for crp , tnf-α or il-10 had similar values of cac , mean and maximum imt.
there was no difference in mean imt for individuals above or below the 75th percentile for crp , tnf-α or il-10.
conclusion : in very old individuals , cac and maximum imt were positively associated with systemic inflammatory activity only in those above the 75th percentile.
preserved cognitive performance is a key feature of successful aging.
several theoretical models have been proposed to explain the putative underlying relationship between brain function and performance.
medline-indexed articles published between @date@ and @date@ and bibliographies of these articles and related reviews were searched.
eighty of @number@ articles met these criteria.
seventy percent of the studies reported some brain regions in which greater activation related to better cognitive performance among older participants.
however , a simple model of bigger structure → greater brain response → better cognitive performance might not be accurate.
suggestions for future research are discussed.
background : multiple therapies involving ablative and nonablative techniques have been developed for rejuvenation of photodamaged skin.
monopolar radiofrequency ( rf ) is emerging as a gentler , nonablative skin-tightening device that delivers uniform heat to the dermis at a controlled depth.
objective : we evaluated the clinical effects and objectively quantified the histologic changes of the nonablative rf device in the treatment of photoaging.
standard photographs and skin biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline , and at @number@ and @number@ months after the start of treatment.
we performed quantitative evaluation of total elastin , collagen types i and iii , and newly synthesized collagen using computerized histometric and immunohistochemical techniques.
blinded photographs were independently scored for wrinkle improvement.
results : rf produced noticeable clinical results , with high satisfaction and corresponding facial skin improvement.
limitations : a limitation of this study is the small number of patients , yet the results show a significant improvement.
metabolism of β-amyloid peptide ( aβ ) is closely associated with the pathology and etiology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
these effects were attributed to de novo synthetic pathways ; however , the impact on aβ degradation was not explored.
neprilysin ( nep ) , a rate-limiting catabolic peptidase is involved in aβ metabolism in vivo.
additionally , nep enzymatic activity and aβ levels were also assessed.
these actions of pb were specific and were not observed when substituted by another metal.
these results suggest that pb causes both the overexpression of aβpp and repression of nep resulting in the buildup of aβ.
this paper aimed to review the limited , but growing literature on prospective memory ( pm ) following closed head injury ( chi ) .
the methodology and findings of these studies were critically reviewed and discussed.
because of the small number of studies , meta-analysis was only conducted for studies that used behavioral pm measures in adults to integrate findings.
however , more work is needed to clarify the nature and mechanisms of these deficits.
the paper concluded with some suggestions for future research.
anthropometric technique was adopted to estimate the cranial volume using maximum length , width and auricular height of head.
the cranial volume reaches its adult size in females at @number@ years of age and a year later in males.
few studies have directly compared the clinical and anatomical characteristics of patients with progressive aphasia to those of patients with aphasia caused by stroke.
tool making evidences intelligent , flexible thinking.
in experiment @number@ we confirmed that 4- to 7-year-olds chose a hook tool to retrieve a bucket from a tube.
in experiment @number@ 3- to 5-year-olds consistently failed to innovate a simple hook tool.
eight-year-olds performed at mature levels.
in contrast , making a tool following demonstration was easy for even the youngest children.
in experiment @number@ children's performance did not improve given the opportunity to manipulate the objects in a warm-up phase.
children's tool innovation lags substantially behind their ability to learn how to make tools by observing others.
influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases afflicting humans , particularly the elderly.
the murine model has been widely employed for investigation of immunity to influenza virus infection.
in this paper , we review the recent advances in understanding the diminished cd8 t cell immune response to influenza virus infection in aged mice.
census reports of many countries indicate continuing trends for the graying of their populations.
for the united states alone , persons aged ≥65 years are projected to comprise over @percent@ of the population by the year @number@
this special issue of ageing research reviews focuses on advances in research on the immunology of human ageing.
these articles point to a common theme that the immunological milieu in old age is substantially different from that seen in the young.
strategies for approaching generational issues that affect teaching and learning , mentoring , and technology in emergency medicine ( em ) have been reported.
understanding generational characteristics and mitigating strategies can address some common issues encountered in academic em.
for the first time in history , four generations are working together-traditionalists , baby boomers , generation xers ( gen xers ) , and millennials.
members of each generation carry with them a unique perspective of the world and interact differently with those around them.
understanding generational characteristics and mitigating strategies can help address some common issues encountered in academic em.
the complexity of multicellular organisms requires both an increase in genetic information and fine tuning in regulation of gene expression.
one of the mechanisms responsible for these functions is rna editing.
rna editing is a complex process affecting the mechanism of changes in transcriptome sequences.
the best studied example of this process is a-to-i rna editing.
on the organism's level , rna editing plays a key role during ontogenesis and in the defense against pathogens.
disorders in a-to-i rna editing lead to serious abnormalities.
the importance of rna editing increases with an increase in the organism's complexity.
correct rna editing is an indispensable factor of an organism's development and probably determines the lifespan of higher eukaryotes.
background : pomona ii was a european commission public health-funded project.
method : the p15 was completed in a cross-sectional design for a stratified sample of @number@ adults with id across @number@ european member states.
results : older people ( 55 + ) were more likely to live in larger residential homes.
rates of smoking and use of alcohol were lower than in the general population but were higher with older age.
more than @percent@ of older adults had a sedentary lifestyle.
in their natural environments , cells are regularly exposed to oxidizing conditions that may lead to protein misfolding.
if such misfolded proteins are allowed to linger , they may form insoluble aggregates and pose a serious threat to the cell.
accumulation of misfolded , oxidatively damaged proteins is characteristic of many diseases and during aging.
recent studies have shown that elements of the oxidative stress response and the ups are linked on many levels.
in addition , the proteasome is directly associated with a thioredoxin and other cofactors that may adjust the particle's response during an oxidative challenge.
adiponectin and leptin are adipokines that influence bone metabolism in vitro and in animal models.
however , less is known about the longitudinal association of leptin and adiponectin with fracture.
there were @number@ incident fractures ( @number@ nonvertebral and @number@ vertebral ) over a mean of @number@ ± @number@ years.
cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios for fracture.
sex modified the association between adiponectin and fracture ( p = @number@ for interaction ) .
among women , after adjusting for age and race , this association was no longer significant ( p = @number@ for trend ) .
more research is needed to understand the physiologic basis underlying these sex differences.
skeletal fragility is common at metaphyseal regions of long bones.
we therefore hypothesized that trabecular bone in childhood predicted both cortical and trabecular morphology in adulthood.
the daughters ' trabecular bone volume ( bv / tv ) , thickness , number , and separation predicted the corresponding traits in their mothers.
their trabecular bv / tv also predicted their mothers ' cortical thickness ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
by contrast , the daughters ' cortical thickness did not predict their mothers ' cortical thickness.
abnormalities in the development of metaphyseal trabecular bone are likely to influence fragility in both trabecular and cortical bone of this region in adulthood.
introduction : the term cognitive reserve describes the capacity of the adult brain to minimise the clinical manifestation of a neurodegenerative process.
the acquisition of cognitive reserve has been linked to the performance of certain intellectual and cognitive activities throughout the whole of the individual's life.
subjects and methods : the sample consisted of @number@ cognitively healthy controls and @number@ patients with alzheimer's disease.
in both groups significant correlations were found between the score on the crq and performance in neuropsychological tests that measure executive functioning.
the crq is associated with the cognitive performance of executive functioning.
the recent aging trend in the united states has resulted in exponential growth in the number of informal dementia caregivers.
caring for a family member with dementia has been associated with negative health outcomes that are likely related to physiologic changes resulting from stress.
however , caregiving is not always associated with health morbidity.
in this review , we highlight resilience factors that appear to have a beneficial relationship with health outcomes.
continued research is warranted to help guide prospective directions for caregiver interventions focusing on increasing caregiver resilience and the corresponding impact on caregiver health.
this loss of atp synthesis eventually results in cellular metabolic failure and necrotic cell death.
methods : this was a descriptive , observational study of @number@ elderly women aged @number@ or older.
a socio-demographic information form and the whoqol-bref and whoqolold questionnaires were applied for qol assessment.
results : most women were aged 60-69 ( @number@ % ) .
the whoqol-bref revealed that the general domain played a major role compared to other domains.
the sensorial functioning and the death and dying domains on the whoqol-old characterised this particular population's anxieties , wishes and gender needs.
since renal function diminishes with aging we examined the association between gfr and cac in the rotterdam study , a population-based study of elderly individuals.
methods : the study was performed in @number@ subjects without a history of coronary heart disease.
gfr was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation.
we used analysis of covariance to test for mean differences in cac between gfr tertiles.
in a multivariable model the mean cac score did also not differ between the gfr tertiles.
below @number@ years , the mean cac scores did not differ between the gfr tertiles.
conclusion : in this population-based study we observed that the association between cac and gfr is modified by age.
in participants at least @number@ years of age , a decrease in gfr was associated with increased cac.
purpose of review : steps towards reducing chronic disease progression are continuously being taken through the form of genomic research.
recent findings : many of these chronic illnesses can be partially blamed by altered lipid metabolism , combined with individual genetic components.
in doing so the etiology of chronic disease progression will be further understood.
we discuss possible scenarios through which dicer / drosha / micrornas could enhance translation.
methods : @number@ residents from nursing homes in sweden , norway and denmark were included.
physical and cognitive function , level of physical activity and wellbeing were assessed by means of reliable and valid instruments.
results : the mean age of participants was @number@ years.
sixty percent could rise from a chair and @percent@ could walk independently.
men were younger and more physically active than women.
participants with low cognitive function had high fall-related self-efficacy.
conclusions : these data demonstrate that elderly residents in nursing homes in sweden , norway and denmark are frail but heterogeneous.
resistance training ( rt ) has been shown to promote metabolic and functional benefits in this population.
measurements were taken only at the end of the intervention , and cytokine values were log-transformed.
dietary intake was controlled as a confounding factor.
results : the rt group presented reduced levels of log₁₀ifn-γ ( approx.
@percent@ ; p = @number@ ) , log₁₀il-6 ( approx.
@percent@ ; p = @number@ ) and log₁₀tnf-α ( approx.
@percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
the hippocampus is a structure equipped with a high degree of flexibility and adaptation.
in contrast to most structures of the adult central nervous system , the hippocampus can rely on a form of plasticity known as neurogenesis.
importantly , however , although hippocampal neurogenesis is maintained all throughout life , its levels decrease steadily along with aging.
additional components , and in particular experience , appear to play a fundamental roles in hippocampal functions.
reprogramming of gene expression contributes to structural and functional adaptation of muscle tissue in response to altered use.
gene expression was analyzed using custom-designed low-density pcr arrays.
muscle ultrastructure was evaluated using em morphometry.
microrna @number@ expression was decreased independent of the training modality , and was paralleled by an increased expression of igf-1 representing a potential target.
eet depressed genes encoding mitochondrial and metabolic transcripts.
the changes of several metabolic and mitochondrial transcripts correlated significantly with changes in mitochondrial volume density.
intramyocellular lipid content was decreased after eet concomitantly with total body fat.
changes in intramyocellular lipid content correlated with changes in body fat content with both ret and eet.
little is known about determinants of survival in ftld.
methods : ninety-seven ftld patients were considered in the present study.
a clinical evaluation and a standardized assessment were carried out.
discrete-time survival models were applied.
conversely , apoe genotype , and vegf polymorphisms were not associated with survival risk in the ftld sample.
conclusions : genetic background is not only crucial in disease pathogenesis , but it also modulates disease course.
genetic factors influencing prognosis should be taken into account to include homogeneous groups in future clinical trials and to monitor efficacy of future interventions.
background and purpose : it is not known if there is a relationship between gender and tissue outcome in human ischemic stroke.
we sought to identify whether the proportion of initially ischemic to eventually infarcted tissue was different between men and women with ischemic stroke.
lesion growth was calculated as percentage of mismatch tissue that underwent infarction on follow-up ( percentage mismatch lost ) .
multivariable analyses explored the effect of gender and other predictors of tissue outcome on percentage mismatch lost.
the percentage mismatch lost was not different between men and women ≥71 years old ( @percent@ in both groups ) .
objective : to examine whether consistent low-risk drinking is associated with lower risk of developing functional limitations among older adults.
method : data were obtained from five waves of the health and retirement study.
function was assessed by questions measuring four physical abilities and five instrumental activities of daily living.
five different drinking patterns were determined using data over two consecutive survey periods.
results : over the follow-up periods , @percent@ of older adults developed functional limitations.
other drinking patterns were not associated with lower odds of incident functional limitation.
do participants ' accounts of responses to symptoms , including the decision to consult a physician , incorporate descriptions of change over time ?
method : we analyze data from semistructured in-depth interviews with @number@ older rural adults.
results : accounts of decisions to initiate contact with physicians support prior research.
some symptoms encouraged immediate consultation ; others prompted periods of monitoring and lay management.
physicians were most often contacted if changes were new , unusually severe , persisted or worsened , or failed to respond to lay treatment.
discussion : we characterize participants ' responses to symptoms as bricolages to highlight their construction from available materials.
method : we analyzed data from @number@ medicare beneficiaries who participated in a medicare demonstration.
the intervention included the following components : patient education , health promotion coaching , medication management , and physician care management.
results : the intervention was cost neutral over the 2-year study period.
the intervention appeared to have smaller effects on expenditures as bmi level increased.
discussion : the findings suggest that a health promotion intervention may achieve better beneficiary outcomes without an increase in resource use in this medicare population.
sedentary aging leads to increased cardiovascular stiffening , which can be ameliorated by sufficient amounts of lifelong exercise training.
background : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is considered a biomarker of human aging and based on cross-sectional studies it shortens with age.
however , longitudinal studies reported that many adults display ltl lengthening.
hierarchical linear modeling was used to explore ltl dynamics using ltl data from s1 , s2 , and s3.
results : cross-sectionally , mean ltl shortenings were @number@ @number@ and @number@ bp / y at s1 , s2 , and s3 , respectively.
longitudinally , more variation was observed in the rate of ltl change during the shorter than longer follow-up periods.
conclusions : as aging displays a unidirectional progression , it is unlikely that ltl elongates with age.
ltl elongation in longitudinal studies primarily reflects measurement errors of ltl in relation to the duration of follow-up periods.
background : skeletal muscle ( sm ) mass decreases with advanced age and with disease in hiv infection.
we hypothesized that muscle mass would be lower and decline faster in hiv-infected adults than in similar-aged controls.
multivariable regression identified associated factors.
results : at baseline and year @number@ total sm was lower in hiv-infected than control men.
hiv-infected women were similar to control women at both time points.
cd4 count and efavirenz use in hiv-infected participants were associated with increasing sm , whereas age and stavudine use were associated with decreasing sm.
we found evidence against substantially faster sm decline in hiv infected versus similar-aged controls.
sm gain was associated with increasing cd4 count , whereas stavudine use may contribute to sm loss.
background : little is known about mortality among nonagenarians after an earthquake.
all participants were from dujiangyan , @number@ km from the epicenter of the @date@ earthquake , in china.
time frame @number@ excluded a 7-week period following the earthquake in order to account for deaths due to trauma.
objectives : transitions from marriage to widowhood are consequential and fraught with risk in developing country contexts.
we also inquire whether coresidence transitions vary by older adults ' gender and the presence of grandchildren in skip generation households.
several logistic regression models are estimated using robust standard error estimation to address data clustering at the person level.
results : when coresidence shifts occur , they are shaped by the needs of older adults.
specifically , a significant rise in coresidential living follows widowhood as well as deterioration in functional health.
purpose : to explore the nature of men's experiences of osteoporosis by developing an understanding of men's explanatory models.
design and methods : this descriptive study invited community-residing male osteoporosis patients aged 50 + to participate in interviews about osteoporosis.
participants were recruited from a hospital-affiliated bone clinic.
men completed a questionnaire on demographic , medication , and fracture-related information , and descriptive statistics were calculated using statistical package for the social sciences.
interviews elicited the @number@ domains of men's explanatory model ( kleinman , @number@ ) and open-ended information regarding men's experiences living with this disorder.
narrative data were analyzed both for content and inductively.
results : men's narratives demonstrate that an osteoporosis diagnosis is accompanied by negative psychosocial sequelae in this population.
men defined it as a disease of the bone that may increase the likelihood of fracture and that may cause pain.
they viewed osteoporosis as a degenerative chronic disease with an overall stable course.
implications : participants ' explanatory models for osteoporosis are substantively different than clinical models.
background : increasing numbers of older patients are developing established renal failure and considering kidney transplant as a renal replacement therapy ( rrt ) option.
the probability of older patients actually receiving a deceased donor kidney transplant is unclear , preventing informed choice about pursuing the option of transplantation.
methods : patients commencing dialysis in our centre between @number@ and @number@ were identified.
the reason patients who were listed did not receive a transplant was usually death on the waiting list.
conclusions : the likelihood of being listed for transplant falls with increasing age at the time of starting rrt.
this is partly the result of death on the waiting list but may also be related to organ allocation policies.
as there may be regional and national variations in practice , each centre should generate such data for use locally.
background : nalbuphine is an opioid analgesic agent widely used for control of mild-to-severe pain.
however , limited data are available on the pharmacokinetics of this drug in children.
methods : twenty-two children were included in this study.
if pain relief was not adequate , @number@ mg kg ( @number@ ) bolus doses were allowed in @number@ min.
eleven blood samples were collected per patient.
the data were analysed by non-linear mixed-effect modelling with the use of a two-compartment structural model.
results : twenty patients completed the study.
in the final model , the parameter values were standardized for a body weight of @number@ kg using an allometric model.
conclusions : the allometric power model developed in this study best reflected the data and may be useful for dose adjustment.
telomeres are dna sequences that cap the ends of chromosomes , protecting them from fraying and fusing together during replication.
during replication , telomeres lose some of their genetic material but are repaired by the ribonucleoprotein telomerase.
several theories of aging are reviewed along with the potential impact of telomerase in developing new treatments.
women remember more female than male faces , whereas men do not seem to display an own-gender bias in face recognition memory.
a manipulation that distracts attention and reduces effortful processing may therefore decrease women's own-gender bias by reducing memory for female faces relative to male faces.
in three separate experiments , women and men encoded female and male faces for later recognition in full attention and divided attention conditions.
results consistently showed that women , in contrast to men , displayed a reliable own-gender bias.
we suggest these results reflect that women have greater perceptual expertise for female faces , facilitating recognition memory.
hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers have become the material of choice for soft-tissue augmentation.
ha fillers are longer lasting , less immunogenic and can be broken down by hyaluronidase.
these advantages make ha fillers the most common of the temporary fillers on the market.
however , early and delayed complications , ranging from minor to severe , can occur following ha-filler injection.
twenty-eight patients were included in our study ; @percent@ of the patients were female and @percent@ were male.
complications were roughly classified as nodular masses , inflammation , tissue necrosis and dyspigmentation.
the most disastrous complication was alar rim necrosis following injection of the nasolabial fold.
we propose two ' danger zones ' that are particularly vulnerable to tissue necrosis following filler injection : the glabella and nasal ala.
measurements were made of short transient high frequency acoustic emission signals generated by knee joints under stress during repeated sit-stand-sit movements along with joint angle.
a statistically significant feature profile was established using a four-phase model of sit-stand-sit movements and two waveform features.
objectives : estrogen deficiency during menopausal transition is associated with rapid bone loss.
the purpose of this study was to examine the time of onset , the rate , and predictors of menopausal bone loss.
main outcome measures : all participants were studied yearly for @number@ years.
results : there was no significant bone loss at the spine , femoral neck and total hip in premenopausal women.
maximal bone loss occurred within the straw stage @number@ and @number@
age at menopause , baseline age , body weight and fsh were independent predictors of bone loss.
forty-six healthy older adults ( @number@.0±7.5 years ) and @number@ healthy young adults ( @number@.1±2.3 years ) participated.
the postural tasks selected consisted of static standing , functional reach , functional stability boundary and gait.
coactivation of the ankle joint was recorded during each task via electromyography ( emg ) .
increased muscle coactivation could be a necessary change to compensate for a deterioration in postural control accompanying healthy aging.
further research is needed to clarify in greater detail positive and negative effects of muscle coactivation on postural control.
objective : fetuin-a is an important player in the enhancement of insulin resistance.
we aimed to investigate the association of serum fetuin-a and metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in a community based chinese population.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years or above were recruited from two urban communities in shanghai.
demographic , anthropometric and biochemical features were collected according to a standard protocol.
serum fetuin-a levels were measured using elisa and the modified ncep-atp iii criteria were adopted to diagnose mets.
results : a higher level of serum fetuin-a was well associated with a variety of metabolic disorders and an increased prevalence of mets.
mets risks were also significantly associated with serum fetuin-a in various subgroups of sex , age , body mass index and glycaemic status.
conclusion : serum fetuin-a levels were strongly and independently associated with mets and its components in community-dwelling chinese adults.
we examined whether this dysfunction persists in adulthood , and how brain activity in the mirror neuron system relates to social functioning outside the laboratory.
symptom severity and level of social adjustment were measured with the autism diagnostic observation schedule and the social functioning scale.
results : inferior frontal gyrus activity during the observation of facial expressions increased with age in subjects with autism , but not in control subjects.
the age-related increase in activity was associated with changes in gaze behavior and improvements in social functioning.
these age-related neurocognitive improvements were not found in a group of individuals with schizophrenia , who had comparable levels of social functioning.
it is the first demonstration of an age-related neurocognitive improvement in autism.
increased motor simulation may contribute to the amelioration in social functioning documented in adolescence and adulthood.
this finding should encourage the development of new therapeutic interventions directed at emotion simulation.
design : laboratory investigation.
we also evaluated the tear-fluid amino acid profiles from @number@ affected subjects.
absolute concentrations of taurine ( tau ) and l-glutamine were significantly dominant in these tear fluids.
analysis of the hierarchical clustering of the amino acid profiles clearly distinguished severe ocular surface diseases from non-ocular surface diseases.
the relative compositions of tau , l-methionine , and arg decreased in severe ocular surface disease subjects compared with non-ocular surface disease subjects.
conclusions : tear-fluid amino acid profiles differ from those in plasma and aqueous humor.
axons depend critically on axonal transport both for supplying materials and for communicating with cell bodies.
this chapter looks at each activity , asking what aspects are essential for axon survival.
cargoes can be differentially blocked in some disorders , either individually or in groups.
each missing protein cargo results in localized loss-of-function that can be partially modeled by disrupting the corresponding gene , sometimes with surprising results.
the axonal response to losing specific proteins also depends on the rates of protein turnover and on whether the protein can be locally synthesized.
bidirectional trafficking of bdnf , nt-3 , and other neurotrophic factors contribute to intra- and intercellular signaling , affecting the axon's cellular environment and survival.
finally , several adhesion molecules and gangliosides are key determinants of axon survival , probably by mediating axon-glia interactions.
thus , failure of long-distance intracellular transport can deprive axons of one , few , or many cargoes.
purpose : the new lenstar biometry device was compared in a typical clinical setting to the iol-master and visante-oct.
visante-oct demonstrated highest values of three devices regarding to acd followed by lenstar ls900 and iolmaster.
conclusions : iol-master , lenstar ls900 and ac oct proved to be excellent non-contact measurement methods in eyes with age-related cataract.
nevertheless , ultrasound biometry is still required for cases with dense posterior subcapsular cataract.
background : there is a general concern that aged organs are more susceptible to ischaemia.
the aim of this study was to correlate donor age and the patterns of ischaemia reperfusion injury and synthetic function early after liver transplantation.
methods : we performed a retrospective study of first transplants using a single-centre electronic database.
results : there was no significant difference in transaminase levels from day @number@ to day @number@ after transplantation.
there were two cases ( @percent@ ) of primary non-function in group @number@ and one ( @percent@ ) in group @number@
initial poor function did not differ significantly between the groups ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : judiciously selected livers from aged donors are not associated with major increased susceptibility to ischaemia reperfusion injury.
background : previous studies have reported that the indeterminable aging and long-duration occlusion are associated with procedural failure and adverse long-term outcome.
no influence of duration in procedural outcome was observed.
moreover , no differences of 1-year major adverse cardiac events ( mace ) were observed between kod and iod patients.
the analysis did not show any influence of iod and long occlusion duration in the occurrence of mace.
conclusion : iod and long duration of cto do not affect procedural and clinical outcome of patients who underwent cto pci.
this marks the importance of considering pci treatment , a reliable strategy in cases of iod or long occlusion duration.
objective : to assess the prevalence of tinnitus along with factors potentially associated with having tinnitus.
design : data were from the beaver dam offspring study , an epidemiological cohort study of aging.
results : the prevalence of tinnitus was @percent@.
for women , ever drinking alcohol in the past year was associated with a decreased risk of having tinnitus ( or = @number@ ) .
conclusions : these results suggest that tinnitus is a common symptom in this cohort and may be associated with some modifiable risk factors.
trans-fatty acids ( tfas ) enter the diet through industrial processes and can cause adverse human health effects.
the present study was aimed to examine the effects of dietary cis- and trans-fatty acids on the model organism caenorhabditis elegans.
cis- or trans-18 : 1n9 triglycerides ( @number@ μm ) caused no apparent changes in the numbers of viable progeny of wild-type n2 animals.
however , in fat-3 mutants lacking delta-6-desaturase , the trans-isomer caused modest decreases in lifespan and progeny after three generations.
genome-wide expression analysis of fat-3 mutants revealed hundreds of changes.
these results provide support for the hypothesis that dietary trans fats are detrimental to development and aging.
benchmarks of nursing , gerontology and the complexity of morin as theoretical were used.
the study aimed at to identify the difficulties lived by the families of elderly with chronic conditions looking for assistance in the basic health units.
as a methodological referential the data based theory was used , and the symbolic interactionism was used as a theoretical referential.
eight families of seniors suffering from chronic disease took part in the research.
endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension is an independent predictor for future cardiovascular events.
therefore , olmesartan might provide a greater long-term benefit for hypertensive patients with impaired endothelial function than amlodipine.
alcohol abuse and dependence have proven to be complex genetic traits that are influenced by environmental factors.
primate and human studies have shown that early life stress increases the propensity for alcohol abuse in later life.
the reinforcing properties of alcohol are mediated by dopaminergic signaling ; however , there is little evidence to indicate how stress alters alcohol reinforcement.
the properties of girk2 have been shown to be enhanced by the stress peptide corticotrophin-releasing hormone.
therefore , we sought to examine the role of kcnj6 polymorphisms in adult alcohol dependence and stress-related alcohol abuse in adolescents.
we selected @number@ snps in the promoter region of kcnj6 , which were genotyped in @number@ adult alcohol dependents and @number@ controls.
one snp , rs2836016 , was found to be associated with alcohol dependence ( p = 0.01 , false discovery rate ) .
our findings show that kcnj6 is associated with alcohol dependence and may moderate the effect of early psychosocial stress on risky alcohol drinking in adolescents.
we have identified a candidate gene for future studies investigating a possible functional link between the response to stress and alcohol reinforcement.
for decades , cyclosporin a ( csa ) has proved to be safe and effective for use in transplantation.
in the past @number@ years , this agent has shown neuroprotective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) .
the inapic invites international research groups to submit proposals for collaborative projects on these subjects.
this article introduces the core ideas of the inapic , its key research areas , and the available infrastructure.
here we discuss another aspect of sirt1 biology , its function as a stem cell pluripotency and differentiation regulator.
we evaluate the implications of these findings in sirtuin inhibition-based cancer treatment and in the application of sirtuin activation for anti-aging therapy.
amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide-binding alcohol dehydrogenase ( abad ) , an enzyme present in neuronal mitochondria , exacerbates aβ-induced cell stress.
the interaction of abad with aβ exacerbates aβ-induced mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction.
similar protective effects were observed in tg mapp mice overexpressing neuronal abad decoy peptide ( tg mapp / mito-abad ) .
notably , inhibition of the abad-aβ interaction significantly reduced mitochondrial aβ accumulation.
in parallel , the activity of mitochondrial aβ-degrading enzyme prep ( presequence peptidase ) was enhanced in tg mapp mitochondria expressing the abad decoy peptide.
inhibitors of abad-aβ interaction may hold promise as targets for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer's disease.
accumulation of toxic amyloid-β ( aβ ) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus is a major pathological feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the neurotrophin receptor p75ntr has been proposed to mediate aβ-induced neurotoxicity ; however , its role in the development of ad remains to be clarified.
the p75ntr / exoniii- / - mice and appswe / ps1de9 mice were crossed to generate transgenic ad mice with deletion of p75ntr gene.
aβ production by cortical neurons of appswe / ps1de9 mice was reduced by deletion of p75ntr gene in vitro.
in addition , deletion of p75ntr attenuated microgliosis but increased the microhemorrhage profiles in the brain.
the deletion of p75ntr did not significantly change the cognitive function of the mice up to the age of @number@ months.
we assessed determinants of incident microbleeds in relation to their location with multiple logistic regressions.
results : overall prevalence of microbleeds increased from @percent@ at baseline to @percent@ at follow-up.
eighty-five persons ( @percent@ ) developed new microbleeds.
microbleeds at baseline predicted development of new microbleeds ( or , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
in only @number@ persons with microbleeds at baseline , fewer microbleeds were present at the follow-up examination.
conclusions : incidence of microbleeds in the general population over a 3-year interval was substantial and microbleeds rarely disappeared.
risk factors for incident microbleeds were similar to those for prevalent microbleeds and differed according to microbleed location.
these results support the assessment of microbleeds on t2-weighted mri as a possible marker of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive vasculopathy progression.
background : the concurrence of intracranial aneurysms and acromegaly has been reported and debated previously.
conclusions : gh serum excess seems to carry an increased risk of developing intracranial aneurysms.
a neuroradiological evaluation of the intracranial circulation might therefore be considered in the diagnostic work-up of patients affected with acromegaly.
it is widely accepted that hearing loss increases markedly with age , beginning in the fourth decade iso @number@ ( @number@ ) .
age-related hearing loss is typified by high-frequency threshold elevation and associated reductions in speech perception because speech sounds , especially consonants , become inaudible.
some of the age-related decline in speech perception can be accounted for by peripheral sensory problems but cognitive aging can also be a contributing factor.
dna methylation plays critical roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling.
differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) have important implications for development , aging and diseases.
therefore , genome-wide mapping of dmrs across various temporal and spatial methylomes is important in revealing the impact of epigenetic modifications on heritable phenotypic variation.
qdmr was applied to synthetic methylation patterns and methylation profiles detected by methylated dna immunoprecipitation microarray ( medip-chip ) in human tissues / cells.
this approach can give a reasonable quantitative measure of methylation difference across multiple samples.
then dmr threshold was determined from methylation probability model.
qdmr can also measure the sample specificity of each dmr.
this approach provides an effective tool for the high-throughput identification of potential functional regions involved in epigenetic regulation.
investments in social connections and healthy behaviors ( religious involvement , alcohol use , and exercise ) also produced positive returns in health stock.
current community-level factors such as air quality and labor force participation rate were significantly associated with levels of health deficits in old age as well.
beta-galactosidase activity reflects the rate of cellular aging in vitro.
such activity was quantified at ph @number@ in ovarian epithelial cells from @number@ donors without a history of cancer , by the chemoluminiscent method.
the cells were serially cultured until they achieved the state of permanent growth arrest.
during the exponential growth phase , all cultures showed a similar pattern of growth and low beta-galactosidase activity.
our results showed that beta-galactosidase activity can be considered as a replicative senescence marker of the ovarian surface epithelium at ph @number@
total number of patients was @number@
there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients older than @number@ years , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients aged from 18-64 years.
ratio male / female in population over @number@ years in our study was @number@.76 : 1.
female had higher frequency of keratosis acitinca @number@ ( @percent@ ) and fibroma @number@ ( @percent@ ) , and that difference was statistically significant.
there are specific pattern of frequency of dermatoses in elderly.
verrucae seborrhoica , keratosis actinica and mycoses are more common then in general population.
in elderly risk for development of skin cancer is increased.
early detection of skin cancers and treatment of precanceroses is of utmost interest of health providers.
aging is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass , strength and endurance.
our results suggest that age related muscle atrophy affect both human skeletal muscles.
also , the results showed the increase in percentage of muscle fibers with high oxidative activity during aging.
finite-element analysis ( fea ) of quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) scans can estimate site-specific whole-bone strength.
furthermore , an estimated hip strength below @number@ n may represent a critical level of systemic skeletal fragility in both sexes that warrants further investigation.
we recently demonstrated that human es and ips cells share similar mitochondrial properties and bioenergetic metabolism , which are distinct from those of fibroblasts.
this was achieved by inducing in vitro and in vivo spontaneous differentiation.
moreover , comparable induction of transcripts involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition was observed in both cell types.
significant changes were not detected for antioxidant-related genes.
finally , we formulate a \ "metabolic state hypothesis \ " linking mitochondrial state and cellular metabolism to the stage of differentiation.
stromelysin-1 ( matrix metalloproteinase-3 : mmp-3 ) occupies a central position in collagenolytic and elastolytic cascades , leading to cutaneous intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
we screened extracts of a propolis sample from algeria with the aim to isolate compounds able to selectively inhibit this enzyme.
this fraction also inhibited plasmin amidolytic activity ( ic ( @number@ ) = @number@ µg / ml ) and impeded plasmin-mediated prommp-3 activation.
design : cross-sectional.
methods : participants were screened for cardiovascular disease risk using two multifactorial risk models : the systematic coronary risk evaluation and the framingham risk equation.
in addition , overweight / obesity was assessed by body mass index.
results : twenty-seven percent to @percent@ of the cohort was eligible for cardiovascular disease risk intervention , depending on the risk model used.
conclusion : almost one-third of persons with paraplegia were eligible for cardiovascular disease risk intervention according to authoritative assessment tools.
the number in need of intervention was dramatically increased when overweight / obesity as a cardiovascular disease risk was considered.
aging is accompanied by substantial changes in brain function , including functional reorganization of large-scale brain networks.
although listening condition produced no main effects on whole-cortex network organization , a significant age group x listening condition interaction was observed.
no alternatives exist for patients who do not respond to combination therapy.
maximizing treatment response thus requires striking a balance between the antiviral and hemolytic activities of ribavirin.
current models of viral kinetics describe the enhancement of treatment response due to ribavirin.
ribavirin-induced anemia , however , remains poorly understood and precludes rational optimization of combination therapy.
here , we develop a new mathematical model of the population dynamics of erythrocytes that quantitatively describes ribavirin-induced anemia in hcv patients.
background : prospective memory ( prom ) is the ability to become aware of a previously-formed plan at the right time and place.
the present meta-analysis focuses on the following questions : does prospective memory decline with aging ?
does prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues decline with aging ?
does the size of age-related declines with focal vs. non-focal cues vary across prom subdomains ?
and are age-related declines in prom smaller than age-related declines in retrospective memory ?
second , age-related declines in prom with focal cues are larger in prom proper and smaller in vigilance.
third , age-related declines in prom proper with focal cues are as large as age-related declines in recall measures of retrospective memory.
a recent genome-wide association study has identified an association between leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) and a locus at 3q26 that includes terc.
multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of ltl with each snp adjusted for age , gender and diabetes status.
our short report confirmed the effects of snps near terc on ltl in the chinese han population for the first time.
in contrast to postmitotic or short-lived somatic cells , tissue-specific stem cells must persist and function throughout life to ensure tissue homeostasis and repair.
before death , individuals with this disorder have usually become dependent on caregivers.
the neuropathological hallmarks of the ad brain are diffuse and neuritic extracellular amyloid plaques-which are frequently surrounded by dystrophic neurites-and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.
these hallmark pathologies are often accompanied by the presence of reactive microgliosis and the loss of neurons , white matter and synapses.
the etiological mechanisms underlying the neuropathological changes in ad remain unclear , but are probably affected by both environmental and genetic factors.
caloric restriction ( cr ) is widely used to study aging processes.
however , the mechanism underlying these effects of cr is still not clear.
cr can inhibit growth , reduce body size and maintain a low body temperature.
in this study , we report our findings regarding a new confrontational naming test , the memory for names test.
the memory for names test was found to measure the same cognitive construct as the boston naming test.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is often considered to be a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia.
frontal-executive dysfunction , memory impairments , and dementia have been associated with essential tremor ( et ) .
yet the association between mci and et has only been examined in one prior study.
we determined whether et is associated with mci.
we identified all persons with mci and et in a dementia-free , population-based study in central spain ( nedices ) .
mci was diagnosed using consensus criteria of the international working group on mci.
in this study , older-onset et was associated with mci.
this finding supports the hypothesis that cognitive disturbances are one of the core non-motor symptoms of et.
the authors investigated the combined age and hiv effects on cognitive functions in @number@ individuals , @number@ of whom had hiv infection.
forty-two percent had hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder , and all were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
further longitudinal studies are warranted.
unimpaired cognition is an important feature of successful aging.
differences in cognitive performance among healthy older adults may be related to differences in brain structure.
the authors reviewed the literature to examine the relationship between brain-structure size and cognitive performance in older adults.
eighty-three percent of studies found at least one positive relationship between these factors ; however , findings were variable.
positive relationships emerged most consistently between the hippocampal formation and global cognition and memory and between frontal measures and executive function.
additional longitudinal study is needed to further evaluate structure-cognition relationships in older adulthood and across the adult lifespan.
l. rhamnosus was detected in adults ( p < 0·001 ) , but not in any elderly person.
bmi was associated with counts of lactobacilli , adjusted for age and sex ( p = 0·008 ) .
thus , the species-specific pcr analysis of lactobacillus sp. combined with viable plating data indicates substantial age-related structural differences in the intestinal lactobacilli communities.
background : nitric oxide ( no ) is a messenger implicated in the destruction and inflammation of joint tissues.
cartilage and synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) and osteoarthritis ( oa ) have high levels of no.
methods : human oa synovia were obtained from eight patients undergoing hip joint replacement.
sodium nitroprusside ( snp ) was used as a no donor compound and cell viability was evaluated by mtt assays.
mitochondrial function was evaluated by analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential ( δψm ) with flow cytometry using the fluorofore depsipher.
protein expression analyses were performed by western blot.
results : snp at a concentration of @number@ mm induced cell death , shown by the mtt method at different time points.
finally , snp regulated the expression of proteins related to the cellular cycle ; the no donor decreased bcl-2 , mcl-1 and procaspase-3 protein expression.
as concepts are abstract they are difficult to transform into practical work.
drug users with hiv infection successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy are now living to older ages.
as persons with hiv infection age , they become at risk for comorbidities that occur in any group of aging individuals.
however , some of these conditions occur at increased rates , with increasing severity , or pose special problems in older persons with hiv infection.
objective : physical activity ( pha ) has proven to be a protective factor for normal erectile function.
twenty patients , matched aged , with vascular ed who did not accept to undergo the standard pha's protocol , represented the control group.
conclusions : pha improves quality of arterial ed , without other pharmacological approach , probably by reduced endothelial apoptosis.
this study characterises the study of endothelial dysfunction by new cell circulating markers.
environmental conditions in early life can profoundly affect individual development and have consequences for reproductive success.
such effects were generally absent among those born into landowning families.
all the people are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation.
exposure to sun with living in an oxygen-rich atmosphere causes unwanted photodemage.
sunburned skin is a leading risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma cancers.
uv exposure causes immunosuppression via multiple mechanisms in the skin.
in this review the main topic is to mention new or alternative ways of photoprotection.
sunscreens are commonly used as protection against sun damage.
they reduce the penetration of damaging solar uv wavelengths in skin by reflecting or absorbing them.
sunscreens are very valuable , but they have limitations.
products with immune protection factor contain dna-repair enzymes and antioxidants that may reduce mutations and enable the immune system to combat photodamage.
the use of antioxidants and polyphenols may exert an anti-aging effect by preventing and even reversing sun damage.
adequate photoprotection is essential to control photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.
child skin is more sensitive than adult skin because natural defense mechanisms are not fully developed.
a short exposure to midday sun will result in sunburns.
epidemiologic studies show a higher incidence of malignant melanoma in persons with a history of sunburns during childhood and adolescence.
sun exposure among infants and pre-school children is largely dependent on the discretion of adult care providers.
sun protective habits of mothers may predict the level of sun exposure in children.
it is very important to transfer the knowledge and positive habits of proper sun protection to children.
the purpose of sun-safety behavior is not to avoid outdoor activities , but rather to protect the skin from detrimental sun effects.
the aim of our study was to explore the age related changes of the fibre type composition of the human psoas major muscle.
moreover , we wanted to compare the fibre type composition of the left and right muscle.
muscle samples were collected from @number@ young and @number@ old males.
type i , iia and iix muscle fibres were typed using myosin heavy chain identification.
the serial transverse sections were analysed using a light microscope.
results of our study showed that the age-related atrophy affected all three fibre types.
type iia fibres were affected most profoundly while type i fibres were affected most weakly.
the percentage of the different fibre types did not change during aging.
there were no differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle.
human psoas major muscle undergoes normal aging changes with the atrophy of all three fibre types , whereas atrophy most profoundly affects type iia fibres.
accorded dietary habits provide adequate nutrient intakes , especially important for quality aging.
adequate nutrition for older persons has vital influence on maintaining good health and social functioning.
therefore , using simple tool for evaluation of diet of older population in relation to overweight and obesity is of public health importance.
among many factor that influence quality of aging has obesity , where in croatia the prevalence of obesity is greater in older women than men.
overweight and obesity was classified according to who classification.
the majority of women had diet that \ "needs improvement \ " ( @percent@ ) , and only @percent@ had \ "good \ " diet.
older women better scored for meat , dairy , cholesterol and dietary variety.
\ "poor \ " diet mostly had women with normal weight and middle-aged.
age did not influenced overall hei score , neither its components.
obese women had lower achievements for almost all recommended hei components.
the provided results showed that with age , women tended to have better diet.
hei score is a good assessment for diet quality , but further investigation of influence on other sociodemographic and health characteristics is required.
condition of large blood vessels was examined by color-doppler ultrasound , and carotid and ophthalmic arteries were included.
the microcirculatory changes were examined directly by fundus photography and fluorescein angiography and indirectly testing hearing and equilibrium.
the study group included @number@ patients ( @number@ females , @number@ males ) aging from @number@ to @number@ years with different stages of armd.
the control group included @number@ patients ( @number@ females , @number@ males ) aging from @number@ to @number@ years without armd.
patients were inhabitants of primorsko-goranska county.
on the contrary , we found correlation between armd and hearing ( p = @number@ ) and equilibrium impairments ( p = @number@ ) .
fluorescein angiograms shows raised number of ischemic retinal capillaries in patients with armd ( p = @number@ ) .
the key is damage of sensory cells of the retina and inner ear caused by microcirculatory disorders.
interesting data was noticed that @number@ patients with more serious armd on one side of head had greater hearing loss on the same side.
if we find a new treatment for microcirculatory disorders , maybe we can treat both sensory impairments in earlier stage.
just like every other part of the organism , the skin ages as a result of the passage of time.
that process is called chronologic or intrinsic aging.
photoaging is a cumulative process which depends on the degree of uv exposure and the skin type.
it is much more visible in individuals with skin types i and ii and , less prominent in dark-skinned population.
chronic sun exposure can result in numerous changes in human skin , particularly on the face , nape , and arms.
keratinocytes , melanocytes , fibroblasts , and endothelial cells are altered by uv radiation.
therefore , changes in photoaging include wrinkling , elastosis , actinic keratoses , irregular pigmentation , telangiectases , and the development of malignant skin tumours.
in the last decades , important progress has been made in understanding molecular mechanisms of photoaging.
most of alterations found on the photoaged skin had formerly been considered to be caused by uvb wavelengths.
however , a number of recent studies have demonstrated that uva can also cause burning , elastosis , and skin cancer.
benedictine monastery of st. andrew is probably the oldest existing benedictine monastery in this area.
according to hundreds of years of legend , it was founded in @number@ year.
what is the explanation for this phenomenon ?
the harmful cumulative dose of sunlight is not the risk factor but the cause , including the inheritance , for amd development.
objective : metabolic syndrome ( ms ) increases the risk of atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
it is not clear if ms imposes a greater risk of af in elderly hypertensive patients.
methods : the data were gathered from surveys of @number@ patients participating in the life survey from @date@ to @date@ .
from this database there were @number@ patients with ms , and @number@ patients were diagnosed with af.
results : the prevalence of af was not different between the ms and non-ms group.
with an increasing number of ms components , the prevalence of af did not change.
there were higher levels of uric acid and creatinine in af patients.
af patients were prescribed antihypertensive drugs , especially diuretics , but less frequently statins.
upon multivariate analysis , age , lvh , heart failure , use of diuretics , and use of statins were the independent predictors of af.
of the ms components could predict af attack.
conclusions : ms does not impose more af risk in elderly hypertensive patients.
aging , heart failure , lvh , and drugs used may play more important roles.
the aim of the study was to assess the effects of age on the outcome of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer at a single department.
results : the analysis considered @number@ patients < 75 years and @number@ patients > or = 75 years of age.
discussion : surgical morbidity rate was not affected by age.
objective : to develop a photographic scale for grading widening of pores , and to identify the factors associated with pore widening.
methods : people with widened pores were recruited , with photographs taken on their nasal tips , nasal alas and cheeks.
a questionnaire survey was undertaken by dermatologists to assess the severity of pore widening.
a cumulative logit model was established to identify factors that were associated with pore widening.
results : a total of @number@ people participated in the study and @number@ photographs were taken.
the photographic scale was highly consistent with the clinical judgment.
another @number@ residents aged from @number@ to @number@ years old in chengdu were surveyed.
the logit model revealed that facial pore widening were associated with gender , age , oily skin , sun protection and anti-aging cosmetic.
conclusion : the photographic scale is reliable and easy to use.
gender , age and oily skin are risk factors , and sun protection and anti-aging cosmetic are protective factors with related to pore widening.
in the u.s. , cancer is a disease of aging.
although aging is a global phenomenon , there are large differences across countries in both the speed of aging and the current age composition.
furthermore , countries adopt vastly different policies.
this creates a natural laboratory that scientists can use to understand how policies affect outcomes.
i discuss under what circumstances data from different countries can be used for inference about policy effects.
across the demographic transition , declining mortality followed by declining fertility produces decades of rising support ratios as child dependency falls.
these improving support ratios raise per capita consumption , other things equal , but eventually deteriorate as the population ages.
longer life , lower fertility , and population aging all raise the demand for wealth needed to provide for old-age consumption.
this leads to increased capital per worker even as aggregate saving rates fall.
thus , institutions and policies matter for the consequences of population aging.
the accumulation of human capital also varies across the transition.
lower fertility and mortality are associated with higher human capital investment per child , also raising labor productivity.
together , the positive changes due to human and physical capital accumulation will likely outweigh the problems of declining support ratios.
we draw on estimates and analyses from the national transfer accounts project to illustrate and quantify these points.
both studies have collected dna samples and are working toward genotyping that would allow broadly based association studies.
increased attention to psychological measurement of personality and of cognitive ability using adaptive testing structures has also been shared across the studies.
the hrs has expanded its economic measurement to longitudinal studies of consumption and to broader-based measurement of pension and social security wealth.
it has added biomarkers of cardiovascular risk.
combined with extensive biological and other health measures , nshap enables researchers to address key questions on health and aging.
we begin with recent findings on intimate dyads , then move to social participation , and finally to elder mistreatment.
however , surviving partnerships tend to be emotionally and physically satisfying and are marked by relatively frequent sex.
in contrast to sex , nonsexual intimacy is highly prevalent at older ages , especially among women.
older adults are also socially resilient adapting to the loss of social ties by increasing involvement with community and kin networks.
despite these social assets , older adults remain vulnerable to mistreatment.
overall , these findings yield a mixed picture of gender-differentiated vulnerabilities balanced by proactive adaptation and maintenance of social and dyadic assets.
we found a homogeneous neuropsychological profile among sca subgroups with a prominent role of frontal dysfunction particularly , attention , memory , and executive functions.
we analyzed the possible interactions between neuropsychological pattern and clinical , demographical , and genetic variables.
we found the presence of a cognitive impairment at the early stages of the disease , without visuospatial alterations , which appeared later.
in our sample education could represent a protective factor and a marker of an enriched environment or a better developmental cognitive differentiation.
the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) entails evidence of objective cognitive loss using neuropsychological measures.
in this study , we examined whether the presence and degree of objective cognitive impairment varied according to the use of published versus local norms.
we also varied the cutoff scores at which impairment was recognized and examined whether this altered inclusion in mci subcategories.
we found that the use of different comparison normative groups altered the subcategory diagnoses , especially when the cutoff score for impairment was conservative.
in general , local norms were more stringent than published norms.
we discuss the implications of these results for mci diagnosis and categorization.
aging , hiv infection , and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with increasing rates of chronic comorbidities in patients with hiv.
urban minority populations in particular are affected by both the hiv / aids and chronic disease epidemics.
data on blood pressure ( bp ) , cholesterol , and glycemic control were collected through standardized chart review of outpatient medical records.
we found prevalence rates of @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ for hypertension , dyslipidemia , and diabetes , respectively.
older age , obesity , family history , and current protease inhibitor use were consistently associated with comorbidity.
diabetes treatment goals were achieved less often than bp and lipid goals , and concurrent diabetes was a significant predictor for bp and lipid control.
in conclusion , major cardiovascular-related comorbidities are prevalent among hiv-positive adults in the bronx , especially older and obese individuals.
differences exist in comorbidity-related treatment outcomes , especially for patients with concurrent diabetes.
because cardiovascular risk is modifiable , effective treatment of related comorbidities may improve morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected patients.
the aging of the population in westernized countries constitutes an important issue for the health systems struggling with limited resources and increasing costs.
morbidity and mortality rates reported for neurosurgical procedures in the elderly vary widely.
the lack of data on risk benefit ratios may result in challenging clinical decisions in this expanding group of patients.
the aim of this paper is to analyze the elderly patients cohort undergoing neurosurgical procedures and any trend variations over time.
the number of procedures on patients over @number@ years of age increased significantly whereas the mortality dropped.
though the length of hospital stay was reduced , it remained significantly higher than the average stay.
the types of procedures also changed over time with more craniotomies and endovascular procedures being performed.
age should not be considered as a contraindication for complex procedures in neurosurgery.
advances in bone imaging techniques have provided tools for analyzing bone structure at the macro- , micro- and nano-level.
in particular , synchrotron μct ( sr-ct ) provides a more detailed view of trabecular structure at the nano-level.
for the assessment of hip geometry , dxa-based hip structure analysis ( hsa ) and ct-based hsa have been developed.
asymptomatic significant ( ≥50% ) carotid stenosis ( ascs ) is a frequent finding in the aging population.
the prevalence of moderate stenosis ( 50-70% ) increases from @percent@ for those < 70 years to @percent@ in those ≥70 years.
the ( additional ) prevalence of severe ( 70-99% ) stenosis is @percent@.
the natural history of ascs is quite benign.
the overall risk of stroke is around @percent@ per year and within the group higher degrees of stenosis are associated with higher risks.
carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) has been evaluated in several studies ; mainly acas and acst.
basically these two studies recruited similar patients with ≥60% stenosis based on carotid duplex.
taking this advice as such , would mean that we should screen for ascs and operate on all appropriate candidates.
this will result in a surge of cea's !
some studies are underway.
therefore , at present , it seems that for most patients , best ( intensive ) medical treatment is the best option.
alternately , they should join studies that will help to identify patients with the highest risk those who will clearly benefit from carotid intervention.
purpose : lithium is a nutritionally essential trace element predominantly contained in vegetables , plant-derived foods , and drinking water.
environmental lithium exposure and concurrent nutritional intake vary considerably in different regions.
we here have analyzed the possibility that low-dose lithium exposure may affect mortality in both metazoans and mammals.
telomeres are present at the ends of all eukaryotic chromosomes.
chemistry has made vast and almost unparalleled contributions to telomere biology.
this critical review highlights the contributions of chemistry in human telomeres and summarizes the significant development of human telomere biology.
first , i provide an overview of the advances in understanding of the structures and functions of human telomeres.
second , i focus on the current efforts on developing various chemical approaches to targeting human telomeres and telomerase for the treatment of cancer.
third , studies on a newly discovered telomeric repeat-containing rna are discussed in detail.
last , future challenges in the field are outlined , including perspectives of both chemistry and biology ( @number@ references ) .
with the population projected to increase @date@ @percent@ by @number@ expected general practice utilisation will increase by @date@ @percent@.
background : chronic heart failure ( chf ) is an increasingly common condition with increasing prevalence in the aging population.
it has a significant mortality and is associated with a high incidence of hospitalisation and morbidity.
objective : this article describes the aspects of modern therapy that can improve survival , reduce hospitalisation and improve quality of life for chf patients.
treatments which have been shown to be of significant benefit include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors , beta-blockers , aldosterone antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers.
loop diuretics , nitrates , digoxin , hydralazine and amiodarone may be used when patients do not respond to initial therapy.
review by a cardiologist is often useful to exclude myocardial ischaemia and to perform echocardiography which is a key investigation in assessment of chf patients.
however , data from population studies do not indicate that the distribution of tsh is altered owing to inclusion of such individuals.
influenza infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality each year , with the highest infection rates found in the elderly population.
the main strategy to reduce the impact of influenza infections in the elderly population is vaccination.
however , the efficacy of influenza vaccines that are licensed for use in the elderly is relatively low ( 17-53% ) .
the laboratory data of patients were collected and the telomere length parameters in their peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by southern blotting.
we assessed the laboratory data and the telomere length parameters to determine any correlations.
conclusion : among the analyzed laboratory data , the albumin / globulin rates were the best candidate indicators for individual somatic genomic aging.
most human cancer types result from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in a single cell.
elucidation of the dynamics of cancer initiation is of importance for an understanding of tumor evolution and cancer incidence data.
in this paper , we develop a novel mathematical framework to study the processes of cancer initiation.
cells at risk of accumulating oncogenic mutations are organized into small compartments of cells and proliferate according to a stochastic process.
cancer is initiated when a cell gains a fitness sufficiently high to escape from the homeostatic mechanisms of the cell compartment.
this model allows us to investigate the dynamics of cancer initiation and its dependence on the mutational fitness distribution.
our framework also provides a methodology to assess the effects of different life expectancy distributions on lifetime cancer incidence.
we apply this methodology to colorectal tumorigenesis while considering life expectancy data of the us population to inform the dynamics of the aging process.
background : we tested the hypothesis that a higher level of social activity was associated with decreased risk of incident disability in older adults.
methods : data came from older adults in the rush memory and aging project , an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of aging.
analyses were restricted to persons without clinical dementia and reporting no need for help performing any task in the particular functional domain assessed.
participants were followed for an average of @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
disability in basic activities of daily living , mobility disability , and instrumental activities of daily living was assessed annually.
proportional hazard models adjusted for age , sex , and education were used to examine the association between social activity and incident disability.
fully adjusted models included terms for depression , vascular diseases and risk factors , body mass index , social networks , and self-reported physical activity.
background : recently , subclinical aspiration has been identified in approximately @percent@ of community-dwelling older adults.
furthermore , as muscle weakness may reflect a global effect of aging , we further investigated whether tongue strength is correlated with handgrip strength.
maximal isometric anterior and posterior tongue strength , anterior and posterior swallowing tongue strength , and maximum handgrip strength were measured.
conclusions : lower anterior and posterior isometric and swallowing tongue strength were dependent on aspiration status.
lower lingual strength in healthy adults may predispose them to aspiration.
the correlation between tongue and handgrip strength is consistent with the hypothesis that impaired oropharyngeal strength reflects global age-related declines in muscle strength.
results : several classes of linear mixed models evaluated whether cognitive decline increased per additional year closer to death.
objective : early arterial wall changes are already present in the apparently healthy , middle-aged population and continuously progress with age.
methods : in a double blind , randomized study , @number@ middle-aged males received either placebo or fluvastatin ( 10mg ) for @number@ days.
results : in @percent@ of subjects , impaired endothelial function was revealed at inclusion in the study.
after therapy discontinuation , the beneficial effects progressively decreased , but were still detectable after @number@ months.
during the study the lipid profile remained unchanged , thus the beneficial effects obtained were attributed to the pleiotropic effects of fluvastatin.
it might be supposed that such a new and original approach could be valuable in cardiovascular prevention.
adolescence is typified by significant maturation in higher-level attention functions coupled with less developed control over motivation , and enhanced sensitivity to novelty and reward.
age-related activation decreases were observed within more posterior regions including posterior cingulate , insula and posterior cerebellar cortices , presumably mediating visual-spatial saliency detection.
activation in paralimbic posterior cingulate and inferior temporal brain regions of visual-spatial saliency processing was progressively reduced in activation with increasing development.
these findings may be the neural underpinnings for the progressive maturation of motivational control over risk taking behaviours between adolescence and adulthood.
telomere dna is related to cell aging and cancer genesis because the telomeric region of dna sequences at chromosome ends are shortened with cell divisions.
therefore , a sensitive and specific detection method is required for the telomere dna.
here we propose a chemiluminescence ( cl ) -based method for the sensitive detection of telomere dna in human cells.
the tmpg reagent specifically reacted with guanine moiety in dna at room temperature and provided cl intensities.
the cl intensities from the pcr products could be enhanced approximately 10-fold using fitc-labeled primers as compared with those using nonlabeled primers.
the detection limit of the pcr products with the proposed method was @number@ ng on the membrane.
objectives : to describe self-reported consequences of pain in the three spinal regions in relation to age and gender.
methods : this was a cross-sectional postal survey , comprising @number@ twin individuals , representative of the general danish adult population.
results : almost two-thirds of individuals with spinal pain did not report any consequence.
generally , consequences due to lbp were more frequently reported than those due to np or mbp.
there was a small mid-life peak for care-seeking and a slow general increase in reduced activities with increasing age.
increasing age was not associated with a higher reporting of sick-leave but the duration of the sick-leave increased somewhat with age.
disability pension due to spinal pain was reported exceedingly rare before the age of @number@
typically , women slightly more often than men reported some kind of consequences due to spinal pain.
conclusions : most people reporting spinal pain manage without any serious consequences.
low back pain more commonly results in some kind of consequence when compared to np and mbp.
few age-related trends in consequences were seen with a slight predominance of women reporting consequences.
though a widely utilized term and clinical concept , ovarian reserve ( or ) has been only inadequately defined.
functional or ( for ) depends on size of the follicle pool at menarche and the follicle recruitment rate.
both vary between individuals and , at least partially , are under genetic control.
the fmr1 gene plays a role in defining for at all ages.
infertility treatments have in the past almost exclusively only centered on the last two weeks of folliculogenesis , the gonadotropin-sensitive phase.
expansions of treatments into earlier stages of maturation will offer opportunity to significantly improve ovarian stimulation protocols , especially in women with dor.
dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) may represent a first such intervention.
background : dermal fillers are gaining popularity for rapid aesthetic improvement.
long-term efficacy and safety have not been well documented.
methods : studies including patients receiving injectable semi-permanent or permanent dermal fillers for age-related lines and wrinkles were included in this review.
efficacy outcomes ( including changes in skin thickness and patient satisfaction ) and safety outcomes ( including mortality , lumps and infections ) were examined.
results : three randomized control trials and six case series were included.
permanent and semi-permanent dermal fillers improved subjective ratings of appearance and resulted in higher patient satisfaction than temporary fillers.
long-term efficacy appeared good in the few studies that reported it.
short-term safety appeared favourable.
lumps were reported in all but one study but received little follow-up.
long-term safety data were limited.
case series evidence suggests that these fillers achieve their objective , which is to decrease the visible effects of age-related changes.
these fillers appear at least as safe as temporary fillers in the short term in those studies that compared them.
long-term safety could not be determined.
within the 15th ihiws new populations were included in the analysis.
additional cytokine gene polymorphisms were assessed and innate immunity genes were analyzed for possible relevance in longevity.
extended tumor necrosis factor-a and il-12b genotypes were also likely relevant to longevity.
the methodology developed in our previous studies ( brochu et al.
there is evidence that deficient temporal resolution contributes to this difficulty.
the gdts of the other groups fell between those of the younger adults and youngest children.
group differences were more apparent for ac than wc conditions.
conclusions : wc and ac gap detection ability changes across the lifespan.
the attr is an efficient tool for the assessment of temporal resolution at both ends of the lifespan.
the flexible goal adjustment ( flex ) and tenacious goal pursuit ( ten ) scales are used regularly in aging research.
the current study examined their validity in a sample of @number@ women ( 30-75 years ) in multiple ways.
overall , the findings show that the scales do not clearly distinguish between flex and ten.
the direction in which the items were formulated was just as important as what was being measured.
moreover , face validity of the inversely phrased items in particular appeared to be weak.
on the basis of these findings , the authors recommend a revision of the concept definitions as well as of the items.
highly efficient dual-task processing is demonstrated when reaction time to each of two tasks does not differ between the dual-task situation and the single-task situation.
the dual-task situation thus greatly reduced the demands of stimulus categorization while still requiring two response selections and two response executions.
after only limited training @number@ of @number@ younger adults and @number@ of @number@ older adults showed performance consistent with highly efficient processing.
three older adults failed to show this even after @number@ training sessions.
the results implicate stimulus categorization more than response selection as an important locus of inefficient dual-task processing , particularly for older adults.
here , we evaluated the effects of early-life iq on mental and physical health outcomes at age @number@ in the context of effects of ses.
design : the lothian birth cohort of @number@ took part in the scottish mental survey of @number@ providing a measure of iq at age @number@
they have been extensively surveyed at age @number@
several interactions helped to integrate these associations.
high age-11 iq tended to buffer effects of adverse environments on physical and mental problems in old age.
galanin ( gal ) plays an integral role in consummatory behavior.
in particular , hypothalamic gal has a positive , reciprocal relationship with dietary fat and alcohol.
through actions in the amygdala , this relationship may become especially important in stress-induced food or drug intake.
in addition , gal in the hypothalamus stimulates the opioid , enkephalin , throughout the brain , which also promotes overconsumption.
they peak during the proestrous phase and also at puberty , simultaneous to a sharp increase in preference for fat to meet energy demands.
by responding positively to fat and alcohol and guiding further neuronal development , gal potentiates a long-term propensity to overconsume fat and alcohol.
negative outcomes for health are possible when an age-related imbalance appears between physical workload and physical work capacity.
interventions based on workload reductions should help to keep workers on the job for as long as allowed by law.
81 / 2008 , and en @number@ series , which recommend limits valid also for manual material handling , and pushing and pulling.
the ageing of the general population and thus of working population , too , is one of the crucial aspects of modern society.
therefore the main problem is how to maintain the aging population in good health and promote and improve their working life and social integration.
background : fractional photothermolysis is a novel aesthetic-laser-surgical modality for the treatment of facial wrinkle in caucasians apart from other conventional treatments.
however there are limited reports regarding the effectiveness and side effects of this treatment in asians ' skin.
material and method : twenty patients with mild to moderate facial wrinkle were included in the study.
half of the forehead in each patient was randomized to receive the treatment and the other half served as control.
patient satisfaction score and side effects during each treatment were also recorded.
at @number@ weeks post treatment , the score decreased to @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
patients ' satisfaction score was graded as @number@ ( good ) in @percent@ ( @date@ ) of the patients.
side effects included transient erythema and edema which were mild and self-limited.
mean pain score using visual analog scale was @number@
no serious side effect was observed.
conclusion : fractional photothermolysis with @number@ nm erbium fiber laser is one of the effective treatments for facial wrinkle.
however ; the improvement score decreased with time.
the reading span task was used to measure working memory components by examining processing accuracy , processing time , and end-word recall of sentences presented.
reduced inhibitory efficiency , which was poorer in older adults , predicted age-related decline in recall , over and above the effects of processing speed.
similar results were observed for processing accuracy , although the age effect in this component was marginal.
this paper presents a new corpus of @number@ high quality colour images belonging to @number@ subcategories and covering a range of naming difficulty.
furthermore , we also present lexical frequency data derived internet search hits.
reliability and validity indexes showed that our items display similar psycholinguistic characteristics to those of other corpora.
in sum , this set of ecologically valid stimuli provides a useful tool for scientists engaged in cognitive and neuroscience-based research.
a variation of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system ( smas ) plication called spa face lift is here described.
the undermining zone is delimited @number@ cm beyond the medial line.
in face- and neck-lifting , such marks extend vertically to the neck.
in fatty faces , a strip of fat is removed along the axial line to avoid bulging that can be seen through the skin.
because the undermining is limited , minor swelling occurs , and the postoperative recovery is shorter and faster.
the same three lines can be marked in the contralateral side or can differ in cases of asymmetry.
this report describes @number@ face-lifts without any facial nerve problems.
the author managed five hematoma cases in which surgery to the neck was performed.
three patients had to be touched up for insufficient skin tension.
the spa technique is consistent and easy to learn.
this finding suggested the possibility of decreasing frown strength using the disinsertion of the relevant muscles.
we therefore sought to determine the efficacy of a brow / forehead lift that involved disinsertion rather than muscle resection.
results : aesthetically pleasing eyebrow and forehead with reduced power in the frowning muscles were achieved in the majority of patients in both groups.
a significant decrease in the depth of vertical and horizontal glabellar creases was obtained in these patients.
in group @number@ @number@ of @number@ patients completely lost the ability to frown and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) suffered permanent sensory loss.
there remains limited research on cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk factors in puerto rican adults.
baseline data from the boston puerto rican health study were analyzed , which included @number@ adults aged 45-75 years.
obesity , hyperglycemia , and dyslipidemia were prevalent and increased from nfg to ifg and t2d.
in individuals without t2d , fasting insulin correlated significantly with body mass index.
poverty , female sex , current alcohol use , and diabetes or anti-hypertensive medication use were associated with not meeting goals.
puerto rican adults living in the boston area showed several metabolic abnormalities and high cvd risk , likely due to pervasive obesity and socio-economic disparities.
in animal studies , bone adaptation has been initiated successfully without the transient force spike associated with high impact exercises.
consequently , a 12-week bilateral hopping on the balls of the feet intervention was conducted.
ten subjects in each group completed the study.
the intervention consisted of 5-7 sets of @number@ s timed bilateral hopping exercise at 75-90% intensity three times / week.
there was no significant group × time interaction for grf , oi and jh ( p = @number@ ) .
allowing transient impact force spikes may be necessary to initiate a bone response in elderly men as the intervention was ineffective.
for each frequency , the resulting torque response of the ankles was decomposed into elastic and viscous components of the total stiffness.
the self-perceived stiffness intensity of the ankles was assessed in fibromyalgia subjects by means of a visual analogue scale.
middle-aged fibromyalgia subjects had a significant viscous stiffness increase of @number@ times that of controls ( p = @number@ ) .
no significant differences in stiffness were observed between older fibromyalgia subjects and controls.
the absence of changes in older fibromyalgia subjects is probably related to the ageing process of controls.
gas exchange was analysed breath-by-breath and muscle deoxygenation ( ∆ [ hhb ] ) was measured with nirs.
this slowing in us compared to ls does not appear to be related to local o ( @number@ ) availability.
local infiltration , with or without general anesthesia , is commonly used.
engrafting the muscles of facial expression improves graft retention and therefore predictability and symmetry.
a set of principles guiding the technique intended to promote successful cellular engraftment is presented.
results : the majority of cases ( 80-90% ) needed only a single session for creation of permanent improvement in facial volumes and contours.
the principles of the technique put forth apply equally to volumetric enhancements obtained through successful fat grafting and to the promise of adscs.
unfortunately , little progress has been made therapeutically to avert this epidemic.
we hypothesize that the lack of effective interventions is due , in large part , to an overemphasis on pharmacotherapy and direct chondral repair.
in particular , technologies that \ "unload \ " the joint may reverse the structural damage , which is the cardinal feature of this disease.
re-establishing a favorable local mechanical environment may not only delay the requirement for an invasive joint reconstruction procedure but obviate the need entirely.
we here elaborate on the roles of iron , copper , and zinc in ad and describe the therapeutic implications they present.
hiv-1-infected adults over the age of @number@ years progress to aids more rapidly than adults in their twenties or thirties.
these observations suggest that hiv-1 infection in older persons can have detrimental immunological effects that are not completely reversed by art.
for both art-naïve and art-treated hiv-1-infected adults , a renewable pool of thymic emigrants is necessary to maintain cd4 ( + ) t-cell homeostasis.
intriguingly , overexpression of p16 ( ink4a ) has also been described in several tumors.
design : this study is an observational cohort study.
analyses included analysis of variance , analysis of covariance , linear , and nonparametric regression models.
results : cognitive impairment was found in @percent@ of hiv-infected individuals.
effects related to aging and duration of infection , but not central nervous system penetration effectiveness were observed.
conclusion : brain inflammatory changes remain ubiquitous among hiv-infected individuals , whereas neuronal injury occurs predominantly in those with cognitive impairment.
transporter expression was studied in cortical and hippocampal tissue and linked to extracellular glutamate and glutamate reuptake activity as measured using in vivo microdialysis.
in 8-month-old animals , we could not observe plaque formation or gliosis.
yet , in hippocampus as well as cortex glast and glt-1 expression was decreased.
whereas in cortex this was accompanied by upregulated vglut1 expression , extracellular glutamate concentrations were decreased.
in hippocampus of 8-month-old aβpp23 mice , we observed increased eaac1 expression besides the decrease in glast and glt-1.
yet , glutamate reuptake activity was drastically decreased according to the decreased glast and glt-1 expression.
in 18-month-old aβpp23 mice , plaque formation and gliosis in cortex and hippocampus were accompanied by decreased glt-1 expression.
vglut2 expression remained unaltered in all conditions.
the present findings support the hypothesis that alterations in transport of glutamate , and more particular via glt-1 , may be involved in ad pathogenesis.
lipid concentration changes have been reported in different brain regions , but often partially or as a percent of the total concentration.
mean total brain lipid , phospholipid , cholesterol , and triglyceride concentrations did not differ significantly between ad and controls.
there was a significant @percent@ decrease in plasmalogen choline , but no difference in other measured phospholipids.
fatty acid concentrations in total phospholipid did not differ from control.
however , docosahexaenoic acid ( dha , 22 : 6n-3 ) was reduced in ethanolamine glycerophospholipid and choline glycerophospholipid , but increased in phosphatidylinositol.
these lipid changes , which suggest extensive membrane remodeling , may contribute to membrane instability and synaptic loss in ad and reflect neuroinflammation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a slowly progressing form of dementia characterized in its earliest stages as a loss of memory.
synaptic loss is one of the hallmarks of ad and associated with cognitive impairment.
the inferior temporal gyrus plays an important role in verbal fluency , a cognitive function affected early in the onset of ad.
individuals with amci had significantly fewer synapses ( @percent@ ) compared to individuals with no cognitive impairment.
individuals with ad showed a loss of synapses very similar to the amci cohort.
synaptic numbers correlated highly with mini mental state examination scores and a test of category verbal fluency.
ses was defined from information on formal education , longest held occupation , and financial conditions through life.
cind was defined as age-adjusted mini-mental state examination score one standard deviation below the baseline mean score of participants without dementia.
logistic regression and cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the association of ses with cind.
incidence rate of cind was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
in both diseases , the detrimental intra- and extracellular deposits have many similarities.
aging , hypercholesterolaemia , hypertension , obesity , arteriosclerosis , and smoking are risk factors to develop amd and ad.
cellular aging processes have similar organelle and signaling association in the retina and brain tissues.
however , it seems that these diseases have a different genetic background.
in this review , differences and similarities of amd and ad are thoroughly discussed.
due to this semi-coincidence , senescence is confused with cell cycle arrest , or even more misleadingly , with growth inhibition.
with such misconceptions , cellular senescence cannot be linked to organismal aging.
also , the relation between cancer and senescence is distorted.
here i discuss why the link between arrest and senescence is semi-coincidental and how senescence is related to aging and cancer.
background : little is known about factors affecting adherence to highly-structured and supervised exercise programs in older people.
all @number@ groups exercised @number@ days·week⁻¹ for an average of @number@ to @number@ min·session⁻¹ over @number@ months.
conclusions : due to competing lifestyle demands , exercise intensity may be less of a factor in adherence among older women than is exercise duration.
methods : a convenience sample of @number@ older adults completed @number@ bp measurements and pa questionnaires.
men walked more than women.
older women in the low-income group had less controlled bp than those women in the high-income group.
participants with normal or controlled bp were engaged in more household and walking activities than those with uncontrolled bp.
as the european population ages , surgeons are regularly faced with octogenarians with resectable early stage non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
we compared our experience with those reported in the literature to comprehend the feasibility , outcomes and lessons learned regarding surgical treatment.
we reviewed octogenarians who underwent lung resection for nsclc in the past nine years in our department.
there were two perioperative deaths ( @percent@ ) .
the overall complication rate was @percent@ , with a major complication rate of @percent@.
octogenarians may benefit from surgical treatment of nsclc with an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate , if an accurate preoperative selection is pursued.
we then divided the schizophrenia sample in @number@ subgroups based on a 3-factor model of psychopathology ratings.
age-related changes were markedly different in each of the @number@ subgroups ( compared with healthy controls ) .
second , with increasing age , eti was less strongly correlated with functioning whereas etw was more strongly correlated with it.
the development and maintenance of mitochondrial heteroplasmy has important consequences for both health and heredity.
we utilized array-generated single-nucleotide polymorphism data that were well correlated with independent measures of heteroplasmy.
significant levels of heteroplasmy were identified at @percent@ of sites evaluated.
surprisingly , changes in heteroplasmy were not uniform with some sites demonstrating a loss of variation ( increased homoplasmy ) with aging.
lung cancer is the leading cancer site in males , comprising @percent@ of the total new cancer cases and @percent@ of the total cancer deaths.
clinicians , public health professionals , and policy makers can play an active role in accelerating the application of such interventions globally.
determinants of mp optical density ( mpod ) and its relation to arm were investigated.
arm was graded from standardized fundus photographs according to the international classification system.
results : mpod at @number@.5° and @number@.0° between pairs and within single eyes was strongly correlated ( p < @number@ ) .
smoking and body mass index showed moderately inverse associations with mpod at @number@.0° , and age was positively related to mpod at both eccentricities.
serum l , measured at the baseline examination , was significantly associated with mpod measured at follow-up.
likewise , use of l / z-containing supplements raised mpod.
crude mean mpod increased with ascending stage of arm.
however , adjustment for influential factors and exclusion of l supplement users removed differences of mean mpod between arm stages.
considering further the accompanying eye , study eyes with arm had significantly higher mpod when the contralateral eye had amd.
conclusions : mpod levels showed a high degree of intraindividual concordance and interindividual variability.
long-standing serum l levels , and in particular l supplementation , were the strongest determinants of mpod.
the hypothetical inverse association between mpod and arm stage was not confirmed.
functional neuroimaging techniques have allowed for investigations into the mechanisms of age-related deterioration in motor control.
this study used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) to investigate age related differences in the control of grip force magnitude.
the older adults also showed higher levels of activity in the ipsilateral ventral premotor cortex.
a total of @number@ of the @number@ rois analyzed showed a significant main effect of the required force-level.
the @number@ clusters that showed significant differences tended to be areas that are involved in visual-spatial and executive processing.
the results of this study revealed that older adults require significantly higher activation of several areas to perform the same motor task as younger adults.
higher magnitudes of the bold signal in older adults may represent a compensatory pattern to counter age related deterioration in motor control systems.
information on co-morbidities , lifestyle factors , measured lipid parameters , and medications were collected during triennial visits.
treating hdl cholesterol as a continuous predictor , we also determined the hr for each 10-mg / dl increment in hdl cholesterol.
subsequently , preparation was started by carefully reviewing and selecting instruments to measure a wide set of health variables to answer the research questions.
this preparation led to a recruitment of @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) and to high participation rates in key parts of the assessment.
a detailed description is provided about the recruitment and organization and the selected instruments.
our results indicate that age-induced differences on bone strength entail significant alterations not only of bone mass , but also of bone geometry.
for many years , there were relatively few research efforts that bridged the fields of developmental biology and cancer genetics.
however , in the past decade , we have witnessed a dramatic shift and now these two fields are intertwined.
here we highlight some of the important connections between developmental neurobiology and cancer biology in retinoblastoma.
moreover , with changing demographics , arrhythmias increasingly afflict the aging and growing population of survivors with congenital heart disease.
nevertheless , the field of cardiac electrophysiology has , auspiciously , greatly matured over the past @number@ decades.
the fruits of this progress are largely applicable to adults with congenital heart disease.
taken from these reviews , we here pinpoint several topics fit for future attention.
activation-induced cytidine deaminase ( aid ) is a key enzyme for antibody-mediated immune responses.
antibodies are encoded by the immunoglobulin genes and aid acts as a transcription-dependent dna mutator on these genes to improve antibody affinity and effector functions.
an emerging theme in field is that many transcribed genes are potential targets of aid , presenting an obvious danger to genomic integrity.
thus there are mechanisms in place to ensure that mutagenic outcomes of aid activity are specifically restricted to the immunoglobulin loci.
the research was approved by the research ethics committee of the faculty of medical sciences of the state university of campinas ( unicamp ) .
body weight ( bw ) , height ( h ) and the bmi were measured according to the international standards.
the ac was measured in centimetres at the h of the navel and body composition was ascertained using bioimpedance analysis.
the sas program was used to perform the statistical analysis of independent samples and parametric data.
we hypothesized that elevated cortisol levels would be associated with poorer frontal-executive function in addition to episodic memory.
we assessed cortisol from @number@ saliva samples paralleling individual diurnal rhythms across three non-consecutive days in a group of @number@ middle-aged twin men ages 51-60.
the results also suggest that the direction of effect is complex.
the association of these loci with susceptibility to sporadic als is considered negative in east asians.
intronic mapt mutations altering exon @number@ splicing lead mainly to an increase of 4rtau.
methods and subjects used are clinical , neuroradiological , and neuropathological examination ; molecular genetics of mapt , pgrn , and other relevant genes.
exon @number@ splicing tested with minigene constructs.
tau deposits detected by immunohistochemistry.
sarkosyl-insoluble and soluble tau investigated by immunoblotting.
two novel mapt mutations ivs10 + 4a > c and the ivs9-15t > c transmitted by the unaffected parents were identified.
immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting of the patient's brain revealed tau deposits composed mostly of 3rtau isoforms with a predominance of the shorter 3rtau isoforms.
in view of population aging , better understanding of what drives long-term care expenditure ( ltce ) is warranted.
time-to-death ( ttd ) has commonly been used to project ltce because it was a better predictor than age.
we reconsider the roles of age and ttd by controlling for disability and co-residence and illustrate their relevance for projecting ltce.
we further examined homecare expenditures for a sample of non-institutionalized conditioning additionally on disability.
ttd no longer determines homecare expenditures when disability is controlled for.
this suggests that ttd largely approximates disability.
nonetheless , further standardization of disability measurement is required before disability could replace ttd in ltce projections models.
for the purpose of this study , only participants @number@ years or older were analyzed.
the association of sociodemographic , lifestyle and health-related variables with care need and care arrangements at baseline and four years later were analyzed.
results showed that the major predictors of needing formal care in elderly taiwanese were old age , cognitive impairment and functional disability.
self-perceived poor health and prior nursing-home admission were marginally significant.
results also showed that the traditional culture dictated care arrangement.
most elderly taiwanese preferred to have private home carers ( usually from neighboring countries ) over institutionalization.
however , culture and public policy impact care options.
a secondary aim was to determine which health and demographic factors were associated with participation restriction.
design : an observational cross-sectional study.
setting : adults recently discharged from an aged care and rehabilitation service in australia who were enrolled in a clinical trial.
main outcome measures : participation restriction was evaluated using the reintegration to normal living index.
results : eighty percent of subjects reported participation restriction in at least one aspect of their life.
cognition and living alone were not significantly associated with participation restriction.
conclusions : participation restriction was common in this sample of frail , community-dwelling older people.
it was associated with factors from multiple levels of the international classification of functioning , disability and health.
further research is suggested to investigate the causes and treatment of participation restriction.
telomeres are short dna repeats on the ends of mammalian chromosomes , which can undergo incomplete replication leading to gradual shortening with each cell cycle.
mixed linear regression was used to evaluate mean differences in cognitive decline according to telomere length.
average lifespan has increased over the last centuries , as a consequence of medical and environmental factors , but maximal life span remains unchanged.
better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging.
extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction ( cr ) .
cr appears to prolong life by reducing oxidative damage.
there are endogenous anti-oxidant defense systems that have the potential to partially counteract ros impact.
in this review , we will describe pathways contributing to the regulation of the age-related decline in mitochondrial function and their impact on longevity.
this article is part of a special issue entitled mitochondria : the deadly organelle.
aim : to improve self-management among patients with type @number@ diabetes incorporating chws as members of a clinical team.
methods : a cohort of @number@ patients with type @number@ diabetes enrolled in @number@ participated in a teambased self-management intervention with followup in @number@
the study assessed whether significant changes occurred in clinical , patient satisfaction and activation measures after the intervention compared with baseline.
clinical outcomes measured included glycosylated haemoglobin ( hba1c ) , low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) , blood pressure and total cholesterol.
a patient activation measure ( pam ) assessed self-management.
both provider and patient experiences with the programme were also assessed using a patient telephone satisfaction survey and provider focus group.
results : the majority of patients were latino spanish speaking women on public insurance.
thirty-one patients participated in a telephone satisfaction survey.
six providers participated in a focus group to assess satisfaction with care.
in addition , ldl , total cholesterol and self-management outcomes significantly improved.
ninety-seven percent of patients were satisfied with the chws ' support.
overall , providers ' comfort level in referring patients to chws was very high.
conclusions : physician-chw partnership had a positive impact on patients ' self-management skills and clinical outcomes.
patients and physicians also had higher satisfaction with overall care.
with appropriate training , chws can collaborate as team members with primary care providers and with non-medical providers to improve the quality of care.
background : delirium occurs frequently in the intensive care unit ( icu ) , but its pathophysiology is still unclear.
we sought to test the hypothesis that low igf-1 concentrations are associated with delirium during critical illness.
methods : mechanically ventilated medical icu patients were prospectively enrolled , and blood was collected after enrollment for measurement of igf-1 using radioimmunometric assay.
delirium and coma were identified daily using the confusion assessment method for the icu and the richmond agitation-sedation scale , respectively.
the association between igf-1 and delirium was evaluated with logistic regression.
no significant association was found between igf-1 levels and duration of normal mental state ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : this pilot study , the first to investigate igf-1 and delirium in critically ill patients , found no association between igf-1 and delirium.
mitochondria exert crucial physiological functions that create complex links among nutrition , health , and disease.
dietary interventions , especially calorie restriction , have been shown to improve the course of these diseases and to extend the lifespan.
few data are available on the impact of nutraceuticals ( macronutrients , vitamins , and cofactors ) on primary inherited oxphos diseases.
psychotherapy , social interventions and bibliotherapy all have an evidence-base for treating depression and anxiety in the elderly , as does pharmacological treatment.
alternatively , local issues associated with the remote location of many nhs highland gp practices and patients may have prevented them referring.
results : responses from gps suggested that many patients with depression or anxiety may not be referred.
the gps indicated that social therapeutic options are seen to be as effective as pharmacological options and more effective than other psychological and bibliotherapy options.
however , gps indicated that they were substantially more likely to prescribe pharmacological options than other forms of therapy.
the gps suggested that lower waiting times and a more localised service would increase the likelihood of a referral being made.
this field applies the principles of physical sciences , engineering , medicine and the life sciences.
tissue engineering is really a new hope for future medicine.
background : the number of children that scuba dive is increasing.
airway narrowing while scuba diving can cause dangerous complications like pulmonary barotrauma and arterial gas embolism.
statistics show that children are at an increased risk.
since data are scarce , the goal of this study was to gain new knowledge about acute lung function changes in children while scuba diving.
no statistically significant change of the residual volume was found.
conclusion : the majority of the children ( @number@ % ) did not show any relevant lung function changes.
five children had a considerable reduction of fev ( @number@ ) .
signs indicate the importance of bronchial hyperreactivity ( bhr ) as a key factor.
children with asthma or bhr should not scuba dive.
a detailed medical examination is recommended ( including an unspecific bronchial provocation test ) before starting to dive.
importantly , there is extensive interindividual variability in sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity , even among healthy , young , normotensive people.
we include evidence showing that the balance of factors contributing to normal blood pressure in young people is influenced by sex.
although falling is a significant problem for older persons , little is understood about its underlying causes.
spatial cognition and balance maintenance rely on the efficient integration of information across the main senses.
both older adult groups were more susceptible to the illusion at longer soas than younger adults.
background : allergic rhinitis ( ar ) and nonallergic rhinitis ( nar ) may present with different clinical and laboratory characteristics.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had ar , whereas @number@ ( @percent@ ) had nar.
patients with nar were older and predominantly female.
a higher nasal eosinophils count was associated with ar and a lack of clinical response to antihistamines.
ar patients had more sneezing and nasal pruritus , whereas nar was characterized mainly by nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.
pnif , blood eosinophil counts and vas of nasal symptoms were higher in patients with ar.
methods and results : aortic pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) and carotid pp were studied in @number@ apparently healthy postmenopausal women.
free tfpi and pwv were positively correlated , even after adjustment for age and pp and other confounding parameters.
application of @percent@ static stretch had no effect.
conclusions : in postmenopausal women , free tfpi increases as vascular wall function deteriorates and pp increases.
these findings are supported by the increase in tfpi synthesized by vsmcs in response to cyclic stress in vitro.
they suggest that vsmcs require pulsatility to interfere with the coagulation process and highlight the relevance of plasma free tfpi levels to cardiovascular diseases.
indexes for arterial stiffness are , by their nature , influenced by the ambient blood pressure due to the curvilinear nature of arterial compliance.
the purpose of the present study was to validate this pressure-independent index for aortic stiffness in humans.
modelflow aortic ages were comparable with chronological ages in both sedentary groups , indicating that healthy sedentary individuals have age-appropriate aortas.
in contrast , masters athletes showed younger modelflow aortic ages than their chronological ages.
seventeen percent scored below the cutoff for cognitive impairment.
the wel was administered prior to randomization and again at the 6-month follow-up visit.
changes in wel scores partially mediated the effects of the wl + pa intervention on weight loss.
further research is warranted on an expanded concept of self-efficacy as well as controlled experimental studies on eating behavior in older adults.
runx1 transcription factor plays multiple roles in t cell development , differentiation , and function.
however , the regulatory mechanisms and functional significance of high runx1 protein expression in resting peripheral cd4 + t cells is not well understood.
here , we demonstrate that t-cell receptor ( tcr ) activation down-regulates distal runx1 transcription , resulting in a significant reduction of runx1 protein.
the tribal participatory research ( tpr ) conceptual model suggests modifications to cbpr to fit the special needs of american indian communities.
we rated the tpr model as a strong , specialized adaptation of participatory research principles.
although the need for some tpr mechanisms may vary , our experience recommends incorporating dissemination as a central tpr mechanism.
background : ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to result in degranulation of dermal mast cells.
chemokines are thought to play a crucial role in the early phase of the cutaneous radiation reaction.
receptor expression on human fetal foreskin fibroblasts ( hfff2 ) and human adult skin fibroblasts ( hdfa ) was examined by flow cytometry.
chemokine mrna and protein expression were analyzed by gene array and elisa , respectively.
results : ionizing radiation significantly increased histamine release and cytokine expression by hmc-1 cells.
receptors for histamine , serotonin , tnf-α and tryptase were detected both in hfff2 and in hdfa cells.
dermal fibroblasts constitutively expressed distinct sets of chemokine mrna.
mast cell mediators differentially affected the release of chemokines ccl8 , ccl13 , cxcl4 and cxcl6 by fibroblasts.
conclusions : our data suggest that radiation-induced mast cell mediators have a tremendous impact on inflammatory cell recruitment into irradiated skin.
objective : the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) is used to estimate current cognitive status and as a screen for possible dementia.
missing item-level data are commonly reported.
attention to missing data is particularly important.
mi inflated mmse scores , but differences between those imputed and those without missing data still existed.
sunscreens are an important aspect of photoprotection.
their efficacy in reducing photocarcinogenesis and photoaging is widely documented.
although there are concerns regarding long-term sunscreen safety , the advantages of sunscreen use are far more compelling.
in addition , novel technologies and ultraviolet filters are improving the aesthetics and efficacy of modern products.
background : genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) for parkinson's disease have linked two loci ( mapt and snca ) to risk of parkinson's disease.
we aimed to identify novel risk loci for parkinson's disease.
we then did replication analyses of significantly associated loci in an independent sample series.
findings : the discovery phase consisted of @number@ case and @number@ @number@ control samples , with genotyped and imputed data at @number@ @number@ @number@ snps.
the replication phase consisted of @number@ case and @number@ control samples.
we identified @number@ loci that surpassed the threshold for genome-wide significance ( p < 5×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
the combined population-attributable risk was 60·3% ( @percent@ ci 43·7-69·3 ) .
funding : wellcome trust , national institute on aging , and us department of defense.
all three control groups exhibited strong left-hemisphere advantage in inhibitory syllabic priming , consistent with the known left-hemisphere dominance in lexical inhibition during reading.
by contrast , neglect patients exhibited a symmetrical pattern of priming between the left and right visual fields.
this article characterizes the human aging process from the perspectives of normal , pathological , usual , successful , and positive aging.
with the rapidly aging population , it is expected that increases in cases of dementia will double over the next @number@ years.
in this paper , the authors present a brief personal account of the senior author's @number@ years of exploration in behavioral gerontology.
no significant differences were found between chondrocytes and pbl in control subjects.
chromosome loss was the more frequent aneuploidy , mainly monosomy @number@
objectives : this study aimed to investigate new biomarkers of obesity particularly in relation with inflammation-associated proteins using protein differential display techniques.
elisa was also performed for validation.
results : among six differentially expressed protein spots , ceruloplasmin ( cp ) and fibrinogen were over-expressed in obese group.
conclusion : elevated plasma cp levels were significantly associated with obesity , which may be suggested to be a marker of obesity.
background : infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies.
persistent serum antibodies are a proof of present or past infection.
antibody seroprevalence and mean serum antibody levels were compared between cases and controls.
tumour grade and stage were correlated with serological findings.
among pca patients , antibodies against hpv @number@ were associated with a higher gleason score ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : antibody seropositivity against the analyzed pathogens with the exception of ureaplasma does not seem to be a risk factor for pca pathogenesis.
the presence or higher levels of serum antibodies against the genitourinary pathogens studied were not consistently associated with pca.
serostatus was not a predictor of disease stage in the studied population.
these nps also effectively activated cas ex vivo , in whole blood experiments , with an increase of 200-280% of the ca activity.
unlabelled : this paper describes the impact of ageing on an individual's ability to process drugs.
it considers adverse drug reactions in the elderly and discusses prescribing for the older dental patient.
clinical relevance : many older dental patients will be suffering from medical conditions or taking prescribed or non-prescribed drugs.
these can influence the impact of drugs prescribed by dentists.
one of the key stages of life of a cell is genome duplication.
the main enzymes which lead this process are dna-dependent dna polymerases.
at the moment , @number@ dna polymerases with striking properties are listed in the eukaryotic cells.
among the other @number@ @number@ proteins , the d n a polymerases belonging to the x and y families have a special place.
they participate in a different repair processes such as base excision repair and non-homologous end joining.
moreover , some of them play a specific role in the replication of the damaged dna templates.
this process is referred as translesion synthesis or tls.
this paper comes at the end of a string of other studies that are calling into question the free-radical damage theory of ageing.
this theory rose to prominence in the 1990s as the dominant theory for why we age and die.
despite substantial correlative evidence to support it , studies in the last five years have raised doubts over its importance.
we determined the frequency of occurrence and dynamism of the mentioned retrograde lesions.
the dynamism proved non-homogenous with a visible gender difference.
the empirical regression curves often crossed each other.
some of the presented curves in female patients were observed beginning two decades after that of male patients , and at lower levels.
thus , it seems hard to conclude that some processes considering tracheal cartilage morphokinesis always precede others.
the question of the present and anticipated future requirement of physicians is central for an appropriate and necessary medical care of the population.
in the analysis , supply and demand of medical care have to be distinguished.
reliable data for the future demand are presently not available.
more profound data should improve the basis for decisions in health and education politics.
bladder problems are frequently disorders of control , which is exercised from the brain.
the regional responses may be understood in terms of a tentative model of the bladder control system.
successful treatment may either increase the ability to cope with the problem or may be curative.
the direction of treatment-induced change of abnormal brain responses can distinguish these two possibilities and shed light on the therapeutic mechanism.
monitoring of brain responses in these regions offers an obvious way to test the effect of drugs.
background / objective : high-dose estrogen treatment to reduce final height of tall girls has been shown to interfere with fertility.
ovarian function has not been studied.
we therefore evaluated fertility and ovarian function in tall women who did or did not receive such treatment in adolescence.
methods : this was a retrospective cohort study of @number@ tall women aged 23-48 yr , of whom @number@ women had been treated.
a separate group of @number@ fertile , normoovulatory volunteers aged 22-47 yr served as controls.
results : fertility was assessed in @number@ tall women ( @number@ treated , @number@ untreated ) who had attempted to conceive.
remarkably , duration of treatment was correlated with time to pregnancy ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
ovarian function was assessed in @number@ tall women ( @number@ treated , @number@ untreated ) .
thirty-nine women ( @percent@ ) exhibited a hypergonadotropic profile.
serum fsh levels in these women were significantly increased , whereas antral follicle counts and serum anti-müllerian hormone levels were decreased.
conclusion : high-dose estrogen-treated tall women are at risk of subfertility in later life.
their fecundity is significantly reduced.
treated women exhibit signs of accelerated ovarian aging with concomitant follicle pool depletion , which may be the basis of the observed subfertility.
context : a number of neuroactive progesterone metabolites produce sedative-like effects.
however , the effects of progesterone administration on sleep are not well characterized.
objective : to investigate the effects of a 3-wk progesterone administration on sleep architecture and multiple hormonal profiles.
subjects : eight healthy postmenopausal women , 48-74 yr old , without sleep complaints or vasomotor symptoms.
was on hormone replacement therapy.
they did not take any medication for ≥ @number@ months.
design : randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study.
for @number@ wk , subjects took daily at @number@ h a capsule of either @number@ mg of progesterone or placebo.
sleep was polygraphically recorded during the last two nights , and blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals for @number@ h.
results : during the first night ( no blood sampling ) , sleep was similar in both conditions.
nocturnal gh secretion was increased , and evening and nocturnal tsh levels were decreased under progesterone ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
high dietary acid load may be detrimental to bone mineral density ( bmd ) , although sufficient calcium intake might neutralize this effect.
we therefore examined the cross-sectional associations of estimated neap and pral with bmd in the framingham osteoporosis study.
cohort- and sex-specific ancova was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted mean bmd for estimated neap and pral quartiles.
estimated neap and pral were not associated with bmd at any site among original cohort women or offspring cohort men and women.
there were no significant interactions between either estimated neap or pral and total calcium intake.
background : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is related to diseases of aging , but studies of mortality have been inconsistent.
ltl was measured by southern blots of the terminal restriction fragments.
cause of death was classified by a committee of physicians reviewing death certificates , medical records , and informant interviews.
the association remained after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors.
risk estimates for deaths due to cancer , dementia , and ischemic stroke were not significant.
conclusion : these data weakly corroborate prior findings of associations between ltl and mortality in the elderly.
this symposium stimulated extensive discussions on science and potential collaboration among the @number@ participants.
in elderly patients cognitive dysfunction and other adverse events ( aes ) can impair the outcome of surgical procedures.
as thr is performed with increasing frequency in aging populations , it is important to know the impact of these problems on the postoperative result.
in this prospective cohort study @number@ patients older than @number@ years ( @percent@ female , @percent@ male ) who received thr were included.
the cognitive function was measured preoperatively , one week and six months postoperatively by the mini-mental state test ( mmse ) .
shortly after surgery @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) developed postoperative cognitive dysfunction , which has recovered at six-months-follow-up.
in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) aes were recorded.
postoperative anemia occurred as the most common ae ( n = 32 ; @percent@ ) .
during hospital stay older patients are at an increased risk for aes.
the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was observed less often than expected.
further research is necessary to assess the effect of early interventions in case of cognitive dysfunction.
with use of a simple and quickly performed test like the mmse patients can be effectively screened for impaired cognitive function.
secure identification of those patients is mandatory to avoid complications with harmful long-term effects.
poly-l-lysine ( pll ) , a homopolymer of amino acid l-lysine ( ll ) , has been frequently used for drug delivery.
in the current study , we targeted plasminogen using pll and assessed its anti-prion efficacy.
the results showed that pll strongly inhibited prp ( sc ) propagation in the cell-free , cell culture , and mouse models of prion disease.
we used the commercial geodemographics dataset , mosaic japan to categorize and classify each neighborhood.
furthermore , we calculated the index value of influenza in crude and age adjusted rates to evaluate the incidence of influenza by mosaic segmentation.
additional age structure analysis was performed to geodemographics segmentation to explore the relationship between influenza and family structure.
objectives : to investigate the effect of age-based testing ( abt ) for driver's license renewal policies on older australians.
design : secondary data analysis of a pooled dataset.
setting : community-based samples drawn from three australian states.
participants : five thousand two hundred six adults aged @number@ to @number@ from the dynamic analyses to optimise ageing ( dynopta ) project.
similar proportions of drivers with cognitive or visual impairments were found regardless of abt status.
conclusion : required abt for license renewal was associated with lower rates of driving.
the proportion of drivers with probable cognitive or visual impairments was similar in those who had abt and those who did not.
future investigation of the effect of current abt policies on crash rates and the potential to use other scientifically designed abt strategies is therefore needed.
design : multicenter , prospective cohort study.
setting : acute care geriatric and medical wards of five italian hospitals.
participants : one thousand forty-eight elderly patients hospitalized for acute medical diseases.
results : geriatric patients were older ( p < .001 ) and had lower preadmission functional levels ( p < .001 ) than medical patients.
between baseline and discharge , @percent@ of geriatric and @percent@ of medical patients declined in physical function.
objectives : to estimate the likelihood of , and factors associated with , recovery from exhaustion in older adults.
design : secondary analysis of a cohort study.
setting : six annual examinations in four u.s. communities.
participants : four thousand five hundred eighty-four men and women aged @number@ and older.
results : of the @number@ participants who originally reported exhaustion , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were exhaustion free at least once during follow-up.
when data from all time points were considered , @percent@ of those who reported exhaustion were exhaustion free the following year.
recovery was not less likely in participants with a history of cancer or heart disease.
conclusion : exhaustion is common in old age but is dynamic , even in those with a history of cancer and congestive heart failure.
these findings support the notion that resiliency is associated with physical and psychological well-being.
inflammatory signals generated within the brain and peripheral nervous system direct diverse biological processes.
uncontrolled neuroinflammatory activity can induce cellular dysfunction and demise , and lead to a self-propagating cascade of harmful pathogenic events.
methods : after extraction , samples were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 17-hydroxyprogesterone was quantified accurately.
other steroids were determined using stable deuterated internal standards.
in total , @number@ patient blood spot samples and @number@ control samples were analysed.
results : the assay was linear for 17-hydroxyprogesterone , with a coefficient of determination > 0.997 and imprecision ≤ @percent@.
an upper limit of normal for 17-hydroxyprogester-one of @number@ nmol / l was established by analysing a cohort of samples from unaffected newborns.
methods : body composition was measured bi-annually by bioelectrical impedance in @number@ children from a birth cohort.
age at ar was calculated from changes in weight and height velocity over time.
early ar was defined as < @number@ years ( boys ) and < @number@ years ( girls ) .
physical activity ( accelerometry ) , time in sedentary activity , birth factors , and parental weight were compared.
this weight differential is predominantly due to increased deposition of fm in girls and ffm in boys.
however , in both sexes , children with early rebound have significantly greater increases in fm velocity from @number@ years of age.
few differences in any environmental influences were observed.
the uk has a rapidly ageing population with increased healthcare needs.
nurses are ideally placed to provide advice on nutrition and physical activity to older people in an effort to reduce the burden of age-related disease.
background : the humanities are increasingly recognized as an important component of medical student education.
this study addresses whether early exposure to healthy older adults through the humanities may prepare medical students for positive relationships with aging patients.
few studies have presented a detailed example of a humanistic endeavor organized by medical students to facilitate student interactions with healthy older adults.
objective : to report the results of a unique art project organized to promote rapport between medical students and healthy older adults.
participation was voluntary , and all participants were asked to complete @number@ sessions over the course of @number@ months.
during the first session , partners met each other and formed a relationship.
a professional art instructor provided a lesson and supervised practice in acrylic painting.
in the second session , all student and older adult participants created a painting to represent their partner.
the third session featured a reception to celebrate the artwork and new friendships.
results : ten medical student / older adult pairs completed the project.
reactions were positive , and the project was perceived as beneficial to both students and older adults.
in some cases , micromanipulation is combined with the comet assay , a technique , which allows a direct view on dna damages.
comparison of the recruitment speed allows establishing an order of dna repair events.
aim : to compare verbal working memory with visual and spatial working memory in young and older adults.
these comparisons were examined at two levels of complexity.
forty-two subjects participated in each experiment : @number@ young adults and @number@ older adults.
results : older adults performed lower than young adults in the visual and spatial high difficult tasks.
dna fragmentation was detected by tunel assay , while aneuploidy was assessed by fish.
dna fragmentation as well as disomy of sex chromosomes and disomy @number@ did not show a statistically significant change with age.
however , the diploidy rate was significantly increased with patient's age.
in the control group , conventional semen parameters as well as dna fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities did not show a statistically significant with age.
however motility , morphology and dna fragmentation are not affected by male age.
this paper describes a qualitative study based on a series of key informant group interviews with an aboriginal grandmothers group in the province of saskatchewan.
earlier studies have revealed age-dependent differences in perception by dynamic touch.
in the present study , we examined whether the capacity to learn deteriorates with aging.
adopting an ecological approach to learning , the authors examined the process of attunement that is , the changes in what informational variable is exploited.
young and elderly adults were trained to perceive the lengths of unseen , handheld rods.
the fact that aging affects the capacity to attune sets a new line of research in the study of perception and perceptual-motor skills of elderly.
the authors discuss the implications of their findings for the ongoing discussions on the ecological approach to learning.
their performance was compared with that of @number@ young adults ( aged 18-28 ) .
in the middle-aged participants motor chunks as well as explicit sequence knowledge appeared to be less developed than in the young adults.
these results are in line with the notion that sequence learning involves several mechanisms and that aging affects the relative contribution of these mechanisms.
after a 5-minute wash-out period , the procedure was repeated using the second bleach modality.
the time constant of cone recovery was determined by fitting an exponential model to the amplitude recovery data.
the whole procedure was repeated on a second occasion.
the co-efficient of repeatability ( cor ) was calculated for each bleaching technique.
the relationship between the time constant of recovery and age was investigated ( pearson's correlation coefficient ) .
all participants were reliably light-adapted by the equilibrium bleach.
for the equilibrium bleach data , the time constant of recovery increased with age at a rate of @number@ seconds per decade.
conclusions : the equilibrium bleach was more reliable and repeatable than the photoflash.
increasing participant age was shown to result in a lengthening of the recovery time constant , of a magnitude comparable to previously published psychophysical data.
the present study reports descriptive normative measures for @number@ italian verbal idiomatic expressions.
syntactic flexibility was assessed using five syntactic operations : adverb insertion , adjective insertion , left dislocation , passive and movement.
the psycholinguistic relevance of each dimension , their measures and the correlations among them are provided and discussed.
the databases are freely available for down-loading from the psychonomic society web archive at www.psychonomic.org / archive / .
reaction time tasks are used widely in basic and applied psychology.
there is a need for an easy-to-use , freely available programme that can run simple and choice reaction time tasks with no special software.
we report the development of , and make available , the deary-liewald reaction time task.
the new task's parameters perform as expected with respect to age and intelligence differences.
the new task's parameters are reliable , and have very high correlations with the existing task.
we also provide instructions for downloading and using the new reaction time programme , and we encourage other researchers to use it.
the aoa rating estimates appear to be relatively consistent across participants.
these aoa estimates can be downloaded from the psychonomic society's web archive of norms , stimuli , and data at www.psychonomic.org / archive.
pnp was found clinically and electrodiagnostically in @percent@ of patients.
a significant correlation was found between homocysteine and folic acid concentrations ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
falls were reported in @percent@ of cases , indicating pnp as a risk factor in this group of patients.
studies of implicit memory for novel associations have focused primarily on verbal materials and have highlighted the contribution of conceptually unitized representations to such priming.
using pictorial stimuli in a perceptual identification task , we examined whether new association priming can occur at a purely perceptual level.
by manipulating the spatial contiguity of stimuli , we also evaluated whether such priming requires the creation of perceptually unitized representations.
finally , we examined the status of such priming in aging.
in experiment @number@ we found that new association priming is age invariant , regardless of spatial contiguity.
in experiment @number@ we provide additional evidence that pictorial association priming is perceptually based.
these findings expand the scope and delineate the conditions of novel association priming and inform theories about the nature of implicit memory for new associations.
glomerular diseases lead to a progressive decline in renal function and account for the vast majority of end-stage kidney diseases.
injury and loss of glomerular podocytes are common determining factors of glomerular disease progression and renal failure.
this review focuses on recent findings that identify autophagy as a critical homeostatic and quality control mechanism maintaining glomerular homeostasis.
data on long-term survival of younger patients with ischemic stroke ( is ) are limited.
we assessed mortality rates and clinical predictors of survival in patients with is or transient ischemic attack ( tia ) < 60 years.
the endpoint was overall mortality.
univariate cox regression analyses were performed.
significant variables after bonferroni adjustment were further considered in a multivariate cox regression analysis.
kaplan-meier curves and roc curves were plotted.
the cumulative mortality rate was @percent@ after @number@ year and @percent@ after @number@ years.
diabetes , heavy drinking , heart failure , and age remained significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate cox regression analysis.
in the patient group , ≥ @number@ of the same risk factors as in the whole group analysis showed a statistically significant influence.
the observed mortality rates were lower compared to earlier studies conducted in younger patient groups.
setting : sleep laboratory.
participants : fourteen healthy children ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ; @number@ girls ) .
measurements and results : spectral analysis was performed on artifact-free nrem sleep epochs ( c3 / a2 ) .
sleep spindle peaks were identified for each individual and individual sigma band power was determined.
trait-like aspects of the sleep eeg were observed for sleep stage variables and spectral power.
within-subject distances were smaller than between-subject distances and icc values ranged from @number@ to @number@
spindle peak frequency was negatively related to full scale iq ( r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the sleep eeg during childhood shows high within-subject stability and may be a marker for intellectual ability.
world population is aging day after day and coronary atherosclerosis disease is becoming a worldwide pandemic disease.
annual conversion rates to dementia were compared between the patients who fulfilled the criterion on functional activity and those who did not.
re-revision of the criterion on functional activity may be warranted to solve its conceptual and operational ambiguities.
this study examined the cortisol secretion pattern and declarative memory performance of dementia caregivers.
an illustrated story paradigm memory task was used to evaluate the effects of emotional arousal on memory and assess the caregivers ' cognitive compensation capacity.
participants completed a multiple-choice questionnaire in the test session.
salivary cortisol samples were collected at @time@ , @time@ , and @time@ , @number@ day after memory testing.
experiment @number@ showed that , despite an age-related memory deficit , arousal manipulation produced a similar effect in both age groups.
this impairment correlated with elevated nighttime cortisol levels , indicating a potential worsening impact of caregiver burden on age-related cognitive decline.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of death for american women.
additionally , the prevalence of multiple rfs increases with age.
though menopause has been thought to increase cvd risk in women , the association between menopause and age obfuscates a causal relationship.
while men's cvd mortality has decreased since the 1980s , women's cvd mortality has climbed until @number@
this has resulted in a sex-related cvd mortality gap , with women having higher mortality than men since @number@
contributing to this female-majority cvd mortality gap is a lack of awareness of cvd risk among women and their physicians.
awareness campaigns , such as the heart truth and the red dress symbol , appear to have improved recognition of cvd risk in women.
further , female-specific guidelines have been developed to prevent and reduce cvd in women.
interest in yoga is growing , especially among older adults.
this review critically summarizes the current literature to investigate whether physical fitness and function benefits are engendered through the practice of yoga in older adults.
a comprehensive search yielded @number@ studies ; @number@ studies with @number@ participants ( @number@ ± @number@ yr , @percent@ female ) were included.
large variability in yoga styles and measurement outcomes make it challenging to interpret results across studies.
however , more evidence is needed to determine its effectiveness as an alternative exercise to promote fitness in older adults.
further investigation into yoga as an exercise activity for older adults is warranted.
twenty-six drivers ( 55-78 yr old ) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group.
on-the-road driving tasks ( under single- and dual-task conditions ) included measures of simple and choice reaction time , movement time , and response time.
these results show that exercise can enhance speed of behavior in older drivers and should therefore be promoted.
unlabelled : the trend of extended life expectancy along with a sedentary lifestyle is typical in western cultures.
objective : to explore adherence to physical activity recommendations in older adults in israel.
results : only @percent@ of the jewish sector and @percent@ of the arab sector are sufficiently active.
results : lay perception of fall risks was in general concordance with evidence-based research.
maintaining independence and positive tone were perceived as key motivators for fall prevention.
seniors intended to use information in the educational tool to stimulate discussions about falls with health care providers.
objective : assessment of habitual physical activity ( pa ) in patients with heart failure.
methods : this study included @number@ patients with heart failure ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) .
in the multivariable regression model accelerometry was the only consistent independent predictor of vo ( 2peak ) ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : pa assessed by accelerometer is significantly associated with exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and is predictive of disease severity.
the data suggests that pa monitoring can aid in evaluating clinical status.
the ability to attend to multiple objects that move in the visual field is important for many aspects of daily functioning.
the attentional capacity for such dynamic tracking , however , is highly limited and undergoes age-related decline.
several aspects of the tracking process can influence performance.
here , we investigated effects of feature-based interference from distractor objects that appear in unattended regions of the visual field with a hemifield-tracking task.
younger and older participants performed an attentional tracking task in one hemifield while distractor objects were concurrently presented in the unattended hemifield.
feature similarity between objects in the attended and unattended hemifields as well as motion speed and the number of to-be-tracked objects were parametrically manipulated.
the results show that increasing feature overlap leads to greater interference from the unattended visual field.
this effect of feature-based interference was only present in the slow speed condition , indicating that the interference is mainly modulated by perceptual demands.
high-performing older adults showed a similar interference effect as younger adults , whereas low-performing adults showed poor tracking performance overall.
rapid head growth was defined as crossing upwards through two major centile bands ( @number@ sd ) .
practitioners should be aware of these findings to avoid unnecessary referrals.
background : the cross-sectional association between impaired glucose / diabetes and depression is inconsistent.
we examined the longitudinal associations between diabetes , indicators of glucose metabolism and depressive symptoms over @number@ years of follow-up.
depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and after @number@ years of follow-up using the eight-item centre of epidemiological studies depression ( ces-d ) scale.
glycated haemoglobin ( hba1c ) levels , fasting glucose and other biological and behavioural risk factors were also assessed at baseline.
results : approximately @percent@ of the sample were categorized with elevated depressive symptoms at follow-up ( a score ≥ @number@ on the ces-d ) .
conclusions : these data suggest that poor glucose metabolism and diabetes are risk factors for future depression in older adults.
there was no evidence of a u-shaped association.
materials and methods : different specimens were made for each test of each reliner.
the specimens ( n = @number@ ) were submitted to accelerated aging for @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ cycles.
tensile bond strength testing was performed at a crosshead speed of @number@ mm / min and permanent deformation with a compressive load of @number@ gf.
pain is highly prevalent in frail older people who often have multiple co-morbidities and multiple medicines.
a critical issue in managing older people with pain is the need for judicious choice of analgesics based on a comprehensive medical and medication history.
care is needed in the selection of analgesic medicine to avoid drug-drug or drug-disease interactions.
the fruits of various zanthoxylum species are used as a spice in the chinese and japanese cuisine because of their delicate flavour and tingling properties.
( zanthalene ® ) as an anti-itching cosmetic ingredient.
short-term ( lifting effect ) and long-term ( anti-wrinkle ) improvements of skin roughness parameters were evaluated by both objectives ' and subjectives ' measurements.
limited desensitization after repeated application and good overall tolerability were observed , although a modest long-term anti-wrinkle effect was shown by both products.
background : to evaluate the trend of prostate cancer mortality in taiwanese general population and the association between diabetes and prostate cancer mortality.
a cohort of @number@ diabetic men aged ≥ @number@ years recruited in 1995-1998 was followed prospectively.
results : the trends of crude and age-standardized mortality from prostate cancer in the general population increased significantly ( p < @number@ ) .
in the general population , @number@ men aged ≥ @number@ years died of prostate cancer , and aging was associated with increased risk.
age-specific prostate cancer mortality suggested significantly increasing trend for ages 65-74 and ≥ @number@ years.
a total of @number@ diabetic men died of prostate cancer ( crude mortality rate @number@.9 / 100 , 000 person-years ) .
conclusions : prostate cancer mortality in the taiwanese general population is increasing.
diabetic patients have a higher risk of prostate cancer mortality , which is more remarkable with decreasing age.
background : insulin pumps and real-time continuous glucose monitoring devices have recently been combined into the sensor-augmented pump ( sap ) system.
body mass index did not change during the observation period.
no diabetic ketoacidosis episodes were observed during the follow-up , and severe hypoglycemia significantly decreased in sap patients ( p = @number@ ) .
in daily settings , patients using sap can achieve a better control than patients using conventional insulin pump.
it permits cutaneous resurfacing , improving the tone and quality of the skin ( wrinkles and enlarged pores ) , and delicately reshaping facial volumes.
the principle of a type ellman monopolar radiofrequency at a rate of @number@ mhz pellevé , surgitron dual rf s @number@ is described.
its use inclines more towards anti-aging and natural rejuvenation of the face , neck and neckline.
it may be associated with other rejuvenation techniques such as fillers and botulinum toxin within certain time limits.
objective : the purpose of this article is to describe an original surgical technique allowing to treat the hollow eye.
technique : realization of an upper fragment of circular muscle of eyelids turned on itself during a upper blepharoplasty with fat autograft.
conclusion : the hollow eye is filled durably in the time.
this surgical technique is simple , easily reproducible.
the harmonization of outlines and the trophicity are preserved , which gives a much more natural aspect.
subcutaneous filler injections enable to fill wrinkles and folds ; by using high density products it is also able to provide genuine facial volumetric reconstruction.
finally , botulinum toxin acts by reducing certain muscle contractions to smooth out expression lines and folds induced by facial dynamics.
a therapy combining anti-aging mesotherapy , botulinum toxin and filler injections , offers full treatment of the @number@ biological levels of the covering tissues.
this non-invasive therapeutic strategy brings patient satisfaction through a global approach to facial aging.
hyperphosphatemia is pivotal in some complications secondary to kidney dysfunction.
this paper deals with the relationship of age with serum phosphorus and with the possible influences of this relationship on hyperphosphatemia secondary to kidney dysfunction.
a recent epidemiologic study shows that serum phosphorus decreases over time not only in pediatric age but also during adulthood.
data suggest that the relation between kidney function and serum phosphorus should be reevaluated considering the possible confounding effect of age.
background : botulinum toxin ( bt ) is a safe and effective treatment for cosmetic indications.
formation of bt antibodies can occur but has previously been reported in cosmetic indications in two cases only.
objective : to report another four patients with this phenomenon.
observations : two patients received abobotulinumtoxina ; one received the current formulation of onabotulinumtoxina and one both abobotulinumtoxina and onabotulinumtoxina.
risk factors for cstf included booster injections ( @number@ patients ) and increased immune system reagibility ( @number@ patient ) .
bt antibody titers were @number@ @number@ and more than @number@ mu / ml on the mouse diaphragm assay.
its incidence is unknown.
recommended treatment parameters may reduce the risk of cstf , but may not eliminate it.
background : onabotulinumtoxina is an established treatment for glabellar frown lines , but its effects on lines at repose are less well documented.
objective : to assess the effect of onabotulinumtoxina on elimination of mild lines at repose.
methods : data from two randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled studies were included.
elimination of mild lines at repose was defined as change from mild to none on the facial wrinkle scale.
participants were evaluated @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days posttreatment.
the highest response rate was observed at day @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : onabotulinumtoxina has demonstrated the ability to eliminate mild glabellar lines at repose for a significant number of patients.
evaluations were done for up to @number@ months.
subjects with an improvement of at least @number@ point on the fws were considered responders.
after @number@ month , fws score at rest was approximately @percent@ lower for bonta , versus @percent@ lower for btxco.
after @number@ months , fws reduction was approximately @percent@.
the high response rates observed after @number@ months suggest a good effectiveness beyond this observation period.
background : combination treatment with toxins and fillers is the standard regimen in facial rejuvenation.
effectiveness outcomes included perioral , lip fullness , and oral commissure assessments and scores on the cosmetic improvement and global aesthetic improvement scales.
adverse events were monitored throughout.
combination therapy is superior to either modality used alone.
background : botulinum toxin type a ( bonta ) is commonly injected to treat facial wrinkles.
complications include pain , erythema , bruising , and potential infection.
rt001 botulinum toxin type a topical gel ( rt001 ) is under development for the treatment of lateral canthal lines ( lcls ) .
to evaluate safety of repeat exposure , treatment was administered at baseline and week @number@
there were no treatment-related adverse events.
conclusion : rt001 was well tolerated and demonstrated an improvement in lcls.
there is little documented clinical evidence of the objective benefits of this therapy.
purpose : to determine whether intradermal facial onabotulinumtoxina injection has any benefits.
study design : interventional , comparative , split face clinical trial.
methods : informed consent was obtained from @number@ physicians.
the injecting clinician and the subjects were blinded to the contents of the syringes.
one and @number@ weeks later , two neutral , blinded observers assessed the subjects in person.
the small study sample precluded formal statistical analysis.
conclusion : intradermal botulinum toxin a injection does not appear to have any benefit in facial rejuvenation.
cellular senescence is a program activated during diverse situations of cell stress.
chondrocytes differ from other somatic cells as articular cartilage is an avascular tissue.
the effects of oxidative stress on chondrocytes are still unknown.
telomere length was measured using the telomere restriction fragment assay , gene expression was determined by rt-pcr.
sub-lethal doses of oxidative stress induced cell-cycle arrest , senescent-morphological features and senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity.
prolonged oxidative treatment had no effects on cell proliferation or morphology.
sub-lethal and prolonged low doses of oxidative stress considerably accelerated telomere attrition.
the effects of sub-lethal oxidative stress regarding proliferation and telomere biology were more distinct in senescent cells.
acute oxidant insult caused up-regulation of p21 expression to levels comparable to senescent cells.
trf2 protects telomere ends and showed elevated expression levels.
sirt1 and xrcc5 enable cells to cope with unfavorable growing conditions.
both were up-regulated after oxidant insult , but expression levels decreased in aging cells.
taken together , oxidative stress considerably accelerated telomere shortening and cellular aging in chondrocytes.
senescent cells showed a reduced tolerance to oxidative stress.
materials and methods : this was a case-control study whereby @number@ elderly men were recruited from the community and the urology and geriatrics ambulatories.
results : the ams scale and both qol questionnaires of group i showed significantly worse median scores in all parameters.
the average somatic and sexual subscore was significantly higher in group i ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : moderate to severe adam and luts impact significantly all parameters of hrqol and generic qol proposed by the who.
background : recent studies have suggested that a series of low-energy , single-pass ablative laser resurfacing micropeels can reduce photoaging with decreased downtime.
methods : forty-six subjects with mild-to-moderate facial dyschromia and rhytides were evenly randomized to two er : yag treatment arms.
adverse events and patient satisfaction were also evaluated.
results : patient scores showed rhytid improvement only with hf treatments.
global appearance scores improved by @number@ and @number@ percent , respectively.
a trend towards greater post-procedure erythema and time-to-erythema resolution was observed in the hf group.
mild peeling was the most common adverse event.
individuals who underwent lf treatments were more likely to pursue future treatments.
conclusion : both settings resulted in moderate but significant improvement in dyschromia , although only hf treatment improved rhytides.
the decreased downtime of lf treatments made this the preferred choice of patients.
background : a monophasic , highly crosslinked hyaluronic acid dermal filler offers further treatment options for deep lines.
objective : to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of belotero.
methods and materials : a total of @number@ patients received injections.
efficacy was assessed on the wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) and the global aesthetic improvement scale ( gais ) .
adverse events were recorded at each evaluation session.
results : mean wsrs improved significantly ( p < 0.001 ) by @number@ score points without any decline throughout the 12-week period.
investigator and patient satisfaction was stated in more than @number@ percent of cases as excellent / good.
were serious.
overall , the filler appears to be well tolerated.
this evaluation raised no major safety concerns.
multiple types of anti-aging treatments are required to address the various etiologies of facial aging.
soft-tissue augmentation provides a minimally invasive option for patients seeking to look younger.
however , due to changes in facial skin , musculature , fat and bone , anti-aging treatment requires a multifaceted approach.
injectable fillers may be combined with neurotoxins to resolve superficial wrinkles and restore facial volume.
these modalities may be used with laser resurfacing or chemical peels to address epidermal and superficial dermal problems.
this review is based on clinical experience and a medline search for articles about volume replacement and soft-tissue augmentation.
it provides a rationale that supports the use of combination techniques / products for soft-tissue augmentation.
instruments predicting morale were then tested against pgc domains.
methods : the study utilized a cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design.
these were plotted as bar charts against pgc , resolved with one-way anova and kruskal-wallis tests , then corrected for multiple comparisons.
this process was repeated with pgc domains.
contribution of factors was modeled using population attributable risk ( par ) and odds ratios.
effect of confounders such as gender , age , and ethnicity were checked using binary logistic regression.
results : all instruments showed clear relationships with pgc , with whodas-ii and dusocs performing well ( anova p < 0.001 ) .
for pgc domains , attitude toward aging and lonely dissatisfaction trended together , while agitation did not.
combined par was @percent@.
conclusions : disability , social support , religiosity , and personality strongly influence morale in the elderly.
whodas-ii and dusocs perform best in measuring disability and social support respectively.
pretreatment and post-treatment evaluations were compared.
two female subjects gave informed consent for rf treatment for the right upper eyelid and no treatment for left upper eyelid.
specimens from both upper eyelids then underwent histologic examination using light and transmission electron microscopy.
self-evaluation of @number@ patients using a 9-point rating scale after application of rf treatment also showed improving satisfaction ( p < @number@ ) .
the most commonly noted adverse reaction was transient erythema ( @percent@ ) lasting from a few hours to a day.
conclusions : four-megahertz dual rf wand delivery rejuvenation treatment produces a reduction in periorbital and midface rhytides.
background : cardiovascular remodeling leading to heart failure is common in the elderly.
testing effective pharmacological treatment of human heart failure requires a suitable animal model that adequately mimics the human disease state.
conclusion : ageing male shrs in contrast to the female shrs , better mimic the chronic heart failure in humans produced by chronic hypertension.
ageing male shrs could then be used to investigate proposed therapeutic interventions for chronic congestive heart failure in humans.
background : depression is common in old age and is associated with risk of dementia , but its neuropathological correlates in the community are unknown.
method : out of @number@ donations to a population-based study , @number@ brains were selected where donors had no dementia measured in life.
brain areas examined included frontal , parietal , temporal and occipital cortical areas as well as the entorhinal cortex , hippocampus and brain-stem monoaminergic nuclei.
results : depression was significantly associated with the presence of subcortical lewy bodies.
conclusions : late-life depression was associated with subcortical and hippocampal neuronal loss but not with cerebrovascular or alzheimer pathology.
the hippocampus shrinks in late adulthood , leading to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia.
exercise training increased hippocampal volume by @percent@ , effectively reversing age-related loss in volume by @number@ to @number@ y.
we also demonstrate that increased hippocampal volume is associated with greater serum levels of bdnf , a mediator of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
hippocampal volume declined in the control group , but higher preintervention fitness partially attenuated the decline , suggesting that fitness protects against volume loss.
caudate nucleus and thalamus volumes were unaffected by the intervention.
objective : to derive an algorithm for genetic testing of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
methods : a literature search was performed to review the clinical and pathologic phenotypes and family history associated with each ftld gene.
thirty-six older and @number@ young subjects were scanned while making relational judgments on word pairs.
subsequent memory effects common to the @number@ age groups were identified in several regions , including left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus.
additionally , older subjects ' subsequent memory effects in right frontal cortex correlated positively with anterior callosal integrity and negatively with memory performance.
background : poor work ability correlates with increased morbidity and early retirement from the workforce , but the association in old age is not known.
we investigated work ability in midlife among white-collar and blue-collar employees as a predictor of mortality and disability @number@ years later.
perceived work ability relative to lifetime best was categorized as excellent , moderate or poor.
in @number@ the ability to perform activities of daily living was assessed among @number@ respondents ( @percent@ of the survivors ) .
mortality data were available up to @date@ .
results : at the 28-year follow-up , @number@ of the @number@ participants had died and @number@ had some form of disability.
among blue-collar men , the corresponding rates were @number@ @number@ and @number@
in women , rates ranged between @number@ and @number@ per @number@ person-years.
among the survivors , similar but slightly lower risks of disability @number@ years later were found.
interpretation : perceived poor work ability in midlife was associated with accelerated deterioration in health and functioning and remains evident after @number@ years of follow-up.
l-nmma during hypoxic exercise only blunted the compensatory vasodilator response in the young group ( p < 0.05 ) .
our data suggest that ageing reduces the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise via blunted no signalling.
many models of human tauopathies have been generated in mice by expression of a human mutant tau with maintained expression of mouse endogenous tau.
our hypothesis is that the shape variations in the infinite-dimensional diffeomorphic metric space can be captured by a low-dimensional space.
this is made possible through the conservation law of momentum derived from lddmm.
this leads to the compact linear representation of the nonlinear diffeomorphisms in terms of the initial momentum.
experiments are performed on the hippocampal shapes of @number@ normal subjects across the whole life span ( 18-94years ) .
compared with principal component analysis and isomap , lldme provides the most compact and efficient representation of the age-related hippocampal shapes.
background : observational studies investigating the association between smoking , cognitive decline and dementia have produced conflicting results.
we completed this trial to determine if smoking cessation decreases the progression of cognitive decline in later life.
the primary outcome of interest was change in alzheimer's disease assessment scale cognitive subscale ( adas-cog ) scores over @number@ months.
secondary measures included the logical memory test and changes in gray matter density.
successful smoking cessation was defined as a minimum of @number@ smoking free days during follow up.
thirty-six ns , @number@ sq and @number@ uq completed the imaging substudy.
we did not find any brain regions in which uq had lost more gray matter than sq over @number@ years.
conclusion : these results are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking causes cognitive decline and loss of gray matter tissue in the brain over time.
inhibitors of oligomer formation , therefore , could be valuable therapeutics for patients with ad.
epidemiological studies have indicated that estrogen therapy reduces the risk of developing ad in women.
results : as regards the healthy sample , we found age-related deterioration in vr task performance.
we draw on secondary analysis of qualitative data collected through in-person interviews with @number@ home-care nurses from a western canadian health authority.
lastly , home-care nurses , talk about ' promoting choices ' is also investigated.
' choice ' was framed narrowly with respect to allowing palliative clients and families to determine visit time and frequency.
findings are discussed in relation to the concept of ' responsibilization'.
mental health care in australia in the last @number@ years has moved from stand-alone psychiatric hospitals to general hospitals and the community.
the new service provides comprehensive health care , including the management of physical co-morbidity and a recovery orientation.
recovery acknowledges the role and rights of consumers and carers in planning and management of care , choice and individual strengths ( shepherd ) .
the new ward received additional resources to establish the model of care , including a broader skillmix.
focus groups and interviews were conducted with @number@ staff.
the findings are explored in relation to ideas about health care delivery associated with neoliberalism.
objective : [ corrected ] to evaluate the efficacy and persistence of sgp-ha for the correction of nlfs for up to @number@ months.
methods & materials : subjects completing the 18-month persistence study were permitted to enroll in an 18-month extension trial.
most required second retreatments to achieve optimal correction of their nlfs.
subjects were followed for up to @number@ months after their initial treatment.
results : the study enrolled @number@ subjects.
forty subjects required a second retreatment for optimum nlf correction.
mean retreatment volume was less than @percent@ of the initial treatment volume.
twenty-six subjects completed the study.
blinded assessments revealed that @percent@ to @percent@ of subjects maintained wsrs scores of @number@ point or more higher than baseline throughout the study.
the mean volume of sgp-ha required for optimum nlf correction decreased substantially with each retreatment.
subjects reported no treatment-related adverse events after the second retreatment.
background / purpose : the most commonly used method to determine the mechanical ability of skin is the creep test using suction chamber devices.
the aim of this study was to find those mechanical skin parameters best representing influence of aging at five different body sites.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy women aged 18-65 , divided into four similar age groups , were included in this study.
in order to analyze parameters referred to @number@ mm skin thickness , we also used @number@ mhz sonography ( dub @number@ ) .
the localizations cheek , forearm and neck showed the highest correlation with age , while cleavage showed only low correlation.
their high correlation with age makes them particularly applicable to represent the influence of aging onto skin mechanical properties.
most suitable localizations to evaluate skin aging are cheek , forearm and neck.
no gender or age-of-donor biases were observed , and results were linear up to @number@ days.
after @number@ days , the results were more variable and gave unreliable estimates of time since deposition.
older participants did not discriminate appropriate and inappropriate behaviors as well as young participants.
the results provide further evidence for the role of emotion perception in a range of important social deficits.
older subjects showed evidence of slower learning than younger subjects.
consistent with previous findings , the amplitude difference tended to be generally reduced in older subjects.
despite general changes of outcome-related erps in healthy aging , older subjects show evidence of preserved effects of expectancy on the processing of monetary feedback.
oxidative stress is believed to play a central role in aging and age-associated diseases.
it leads to oxidative changes in human red blood cells ( rbcs ) in vivo and in vitro.
these findings prompted studies on the neural consequences of long-term e2 deprivation in postmenopausal women.
one difficulty in reconciling the conflicting results is the lack of integration across the neuroscience sub-disciplines that contribute to the field.
we also review evidence that these e2 signaling mechanisms change with age.
addressing these gaps will facilitate development of the mechanism-based strategies needed for designing more effective hrt regimens.
however , the advent of glycoproteomics has produced major strides in glycoprotein identification and glycosylation site mapping.
in this review , we will cover technical aspects of ce-ms coupling and highlight the improvements made in the last few years.
we examine ce-ms from an application point of view , and evaluate its merits and vices for biomarker discovery and clinical applications.
objective : assess aβ deposition longitudinally and explore its relationship with cognition and disease progression.
a second pib scan was obtained at follow-up in @number@ subjects and a third scan after @number@ years in @number@
results : at baseline , @percent@ of dat , @percent@ of mci , and @percent@ of hc subjects showed high pib retention.
increases were associated with the number of apolipoprotein e ε4 alleles.
there was a weak correlation between pib increases and decline in cognition when all groups were combined.
of the high pib hcs , @percent@ developed mci or dat by @number@ months and @percent@ by @number@ years.
one low pib hc developed mci.
interpretation : aβ deposition increases slowly from cognitive normality to moderate severity dat.
objective : accumulation of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage has been associated with aging and abnormal oxidative metabolism.
furthermore , we found that common deletion mutation in mtdna was more prevalent in distal sural nerves compared to dorsal root ganglia.
here we explored the role of one of its homologs , the sortilin-related vps10 domain containing receptor @number@ ( sorcs1 ) , in ad.
results : inherited variants in sorcs1 were associated with ad in all datasets ( @number@ < p < @number@ ) .
in addition , sorcs1 influenced app processing.
while overexpression of sorcs1 reduced γ-secretase activity and aβ levels , the suppression of sorcs1 increased γ-secretase processing of app and the levels of aβ.
interpretations : these data suggest that inherited or acquired changes in sorcs1 expression or function may play a role in the pathogenesis of ad.
in such patients , conservative therapy should be taken into consideration.
ha ( @number@ ) -col and cha-col composites with various ratios were prepared and examined.
decedent data was submitted to the national death index for matching with underlying causes of death on state death certificates.
mma-exposed healthcare workers may be at increased risks of untimely deaths from site-specific malignancies.
omega-6 and omega-3 fa are not interconvertible in the human body and are important components of practically all cell membranes.
dha accounts for @percent@ of the membrane phospholipid fa in the brain.
both eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) and dha have an effect on membrane receptor function and even neurotransmitter generation and metabolism.
the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fa is important for homeostasis and normal development throughout the life cycle.
objectives : a loss of speech intelligibility at high presentation levels is called rollover.
it is a phenomenon that increases in prevalence as people age.
whether the adverse effect of high presentation levels extends to processes subsequent to speech intelligibility , such as memory , is unknown.
moreover , we wanted to know whether and at what level it was possible to induce a similar impairment in younger listeners.
after each list , the first word of one of the pairs was presented again and the listener was asked to recall the second word.
over the course of the experiment , all list positions were tested an equal number of times.
intelligibility of the distorted words was equated across age groups for each presentation level.
a total of @number@ younger and @number@ older adults were tested in two experiments.
this effect did not occur for younger listeners.
conclusions : a high presentation level of distorted words can adversely affect memory even after intelligibility is equated for.
moreover , older listeners are affected at lower presentation levels.
higher presentation levels may not always lead to better performance when the task involves recall of words previously heard.
aging is determined as the product of an interaction among genetic , environmental and lifestyle factors.
blood samples were collected from @number@ individuals between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
individuals were classified into four groups according to their ages as 20-40 , 41-60 , 61-80 , > 80.
il-6 and mt2a polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( pcr-rflp ) method.
mean ages of individuals with il-6 @number@ c- carriers and c + carriers were @number@.82± @time@ and @number@.82±16.82 years , respectively.
for the mt2a polymorphism , mean ages were estimated as @number@.18± @time@ for g- carriers and @number@.59± @time@ for g + carriers.
in conclusion , these data support that the il-6 @number@ c + carriers and mt2a @number@ g- carriers may be more advantageous for longevity.
background : neuropsychiatric symptoms are common complaints of elderly persons.
recent data suggest that chronic low-grade inflammation , a fundamental characteristic of aging , plays a role.
the present study assessed this possibility in @number@ healthy elderly subjects drawn from the three-city cohort.
in addition , structured assessments of depressive symptomatology , fatigue , and general behavioral / neurovegetative symptoms were performed.
results : as expected , age correlated significantly with concentrations of immune markers and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
increased inflammation was related to reduced tryptophan concentrations and increased kynurenine levels , suggestive of ido-induced increased tryptophan catabolism.
in addition , inflammation was associated with increases in neopterin and nitrite levels and in phenylalanine concentrations at the expense of tyrosine.
interestingly , increased tryptophan catabolism was associated with the depressive symptoms of lassitude , reduced motivation , anorexia , and pessimism.
elderly patients constitute a heterogeneous population including a significant group of relatively fit patients who ought to benefit from the conventional treatment.
the main criterion of evaluation is acute toxicity.
late toxicity , quality of life , global response , time to progression and overall survival will also be estimated.
expected results : our study aims to demonstrate that fit elderly patients can benefit from concomitant radiochemotherapy.
normal ageing is associated with characteristic changes in brain microstructure.
the latter were regionally specific depending on their differential sensitivity to microscopic tissue properties.
vbq of white matter revealed distinct anatomical patterns of age-related change in microstructure.
widespread and profound reduction in mt contrasted with local fa decreases paralleled by md increases.
r1 reductions and r2 increases were observed to a smaller extent in overlapping occipito-parietal white matter regions.
with aging and menopause muscle weakness , physical fragility and mobility limitations are also expected.
therefore this study addresses the differences of biomechanical properties of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit between young and postmenopausal women.
methods : @number@ young and @number@ postmenopausal women participated.
the postmenopausal study group shows significant lower values in the damping ratio ( young @number@ vs. postmenopausal @number@ p < 0.01 ) than young women.
the decrease in damping properties and the increase in muscle-tendon unit stiffness suggest that postmenopausal women might be at a greater risk of injury.
we previously examined gaze anchoring during a two-segment eye-hand task under a low accuracy constraint.
young adults previously broke gaze anchoring at the first target only when the second pointing was excluded ( hs1 ) .
however , older adults did not break gaze anchoring for either condition.
the present study further investigated whether young and older adults break gaze anchoring through short-term practice under the same conditions.
an hs1 practice proceeded to an hs1s2 practice.
the results showed that the timing of terminating gaze anchoring relative to pointing completion oscillated considerably during the hs1 practice until it was stabilized.
conversely , that timing was stable during the hs1s2 practice.
nevertheless , the young adults benefited from the hs1 practice and broke gaze anchoring even when the second pointing was included in hs1s2.
this indicates that gaze anchoring to pointing completion is not a prerequisite for the production of subsequent pointing.
by contrast , older adults did not improve the timing of gaze anchoring termination for either practice condition , thereby failing to break gaze anchoring.
thus , aging compromises a predictive control of terminating gaze anchoring relative to pointing completion , which is difficult to overcome through short-term practice.
cellular or replicative senescence is classically seen as the key element of aging.
senescence acts as a homeostatic mechanism that can even limit renal fibrosis , at least in animal studies.
background : the diagnosis of obstructive lung disease ( old ) based on clinical grounds is challenging.
objective : to estimate the prevalence of obstructive pattern on spirometry in a representative sample of adults from porto , portugal.
methods : we conducted a health survey between @number@ and @number@ and @number@ participants ≥ @number@ years old had reliable spirometry.
we used a structured questionnaire to collect demographic , clinical , social , and behavioral data.
obstructive pattern was defined as fev ( @number@ ) / fvc < @percent@.
logistic regression was performed to quantify the association between socio-demographic and clinical factors and outcome.
results : the participants ' mean ± sd age was @number@ ± @number@ years , and @percent@ were women.
previously diagnosed old was reported by @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @percent@ ) of the participants with spirometric obstructive pattern.
conclusions : the prevalence of spirometric obstructive pattern was high.
our results confirm the limited validity of self-reported old in epidemiological studies.
breast-feeding has been suggested to be associated with lower risks of obesity in older children and adults.
no associations between breast-feeding duration and exclusivity with growth rates before the age of @number@ months were observed.
similar tendencies were observed for the associations of breast-feeding exclusivity with change in length , weight and bmi.
breast-feeding duration and exclusivity were not consistently associated with the risks of overweight and obesity at the ages of @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
the association between these snps and bone mineral density ( bmd ) measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) was also tested.
qus at the calcaneus was measured in all subjects and blood was taken for genetic analysis.
snps associated with bua or sos in the framingham study with p < 10-4 were selected and genotyped using sequenom technology.
the same direction of effect and p < @number@ indicated replication.
results : thirty-four of @number@ selected snps were successfully genotyped in @number@ men.
conclusions : we found suggestive evidence of association between a single snp located in the @number@'utr of wdr77 with calcaneal ultrasound parameters.
the majority of snps , associated with qus parameters in the framingham study , were not replicated in an independent population sample of european men.
inflammatory cytokines were markedly increased in old control mice ( p < @number@ ) , but reduced to levels of young controls with nitrite supplementation.
short-term nitrite therapy reverses age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction , large elastic artery stiffness , oxidative stress , and inflammation.
sodium nitrite may be a novel therapy for treating arterial aging in humans.
femur length , midlife change in cortical bone thickness , and midlife values of cd8 t memory cells each added significant power for longevity prediction.
training and experience in the art and science of fillers is essential for the successful creation of a more youthful and natural appearance.
an understanding of the different products , the injection techniques , the indications , and the potential complications of each filler are paramount to success.
extrinsic aging of the hands involves alterations in pigmentation , wrinkling , and texture as a result of chronic ultraviolet and environmental exposures.
subjective assessments by investigator and participants were performed @number@ month after each treatment.
at 1-month follow-up after final treatment , investigators rated mean improvement of 26-50% for wrinkles , 51-75% for pigment , and 26-50% for texture.
participants rated mean improvement after final treatment as 26-50% for wrinkles , 51-75% for pigment , and 51-75% for texture.
in this pilot study , ablative fractional resurfacing was safe and effective for the treatment of all markers of extrinsic aging of the hands.
a high degree of improvement was achieved in two to three treatments with no long-term sequelae.
fractional photothermolysis has been reported in the literature to improve both the pigmentary and textural changes associated with photoaging.
this is a review of the medline literature evaluating nafl and afl for photoaging.
review of the literature supports the use of nafl and afl as safe and effective treatments for photoaging.
an aesthetically pleasing neck is an important component of physical appearance and a frequently targeted area for a variety of rejuvenative procedures.
an in-depth discussion of administration of tumescent local anesthesia and proper liposuction technique is also included.
the purpose of this article is to discuss current techniques used with poly-l-lactic acid to safely and effectively address changes observed in the aging face.
several important points deserve mention.
this is , of course , an issue of patient selection and not product selection.
purpose : epilepsy causes a significant burden to patients and to society.
we aimed to calculate the factual excess in direct and indirect costs associated with epilepsy.
methods : using records from the danish national patient registry ( 1998-2006 ) , we identified @number@ danish patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy.
the use and costs of drugs were based on data from the danish medicines agency.
the frequencies of visits and hospitalizations and costs from primary sectors were based on data from the national health security.
indirect costs included labor supply-based income data , and all social transfer payments obtained from the coherent social statistics.
these effects were identified up to @number@ years before diagnosis , and worsened thereafter.
in addition , patients with epilepsy received an annual mean excess social transfer income of €4 , 194.
significance : epilepsy has major socioeconomic consequences for the individual patient and for society.
objectives : to examine the combined effect of healthy behaviors on the development of functional disability in an elderly cohort.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : taiwan longitudinal study in aging from @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
participants : a national sample of @number@ men and @number@ women aged @number@ and older without functional disability at baseline.
measurements : functional disability was defined as difficulty with activities of daily living : taking a bath or walking @number@ to @number@ m.
time to functional disability was the age at midpoint between the first occurrence of disability onset in the survey year and prior survey year.
four healthy behaviors were measured : not smoking , moderate alcohol consumption , regular exercise , and sleeping @number@ to @number@ hours per day.
results : healthy behaviors were linked to the onset of functional disability.
participants who performed one or more healthy behaviors were @percent@ to @percent@ less likely to be disabled than those who performed none.
conclusion : in the population studied , healthy behaviors were associated with lower incidence of functional disability.
as the number of healthy behaviors increased , the likelihood of disability decreased.
objectives : to provide estimates of change in depressive symptoms and determine how changes in depressive symptom influence recovery of functional status.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : eleven inpatient medical rehabilitation facilities located across the united states.
participants : five hundred forty-four persons with a first-time stroke.
measurements : general linear regression model estimates assessed associations between depressive symptom change and functional status @number@ and @number@ months after discharge.
results : the majority of persons with stroke were aged @number@ and older , white , female , and married.
the most prevalent stroke type was ischemic.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common dementia disorder of later life.
although accumulation of ages is a normal feature of aging , it appears to be significantly accelerated in ad.
we suggest that higher age concentrations in brain tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid might be able to distinguish between normal aging and ad.
study design : post hoc analysis of pooled data from two 12-week randomized , placebo-controlled studies.
setting : urology , urogynaecology , and primary care offices / clinics.
this analysis utilized data from subjects taking concomitant medications , focusing on those taking seven or more.
intervention : once-daily trospium chloride @number@ mg xr or placebo.
main outcome measure : predictors of treatment-emergent adverse events ( teaes ) identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
efficacy in subjects taking seven or more concomitant medications was similar to that in the overall pooled study population.
conclusions : trospium chloride xr does not increase the likelihood of a teae compared with placebo.
the probability of experiencing a teae was significantly influenced by use of multiple concomitant medications.
trospium chloride xr was as effective in subjects with oab taking seven or more concomitant medications as in the overall pooled study population.
the data support the conclusion that trospium chloride xr is safe and effective in patients with oab taking multiple concomitant medications.
in addition , while not approved for this indication , armodafinil has been found to improve excessive sleepiness associated with jet-lag disorder.
plasma concentrations of armodafinil and its metabolites were quantified over @number@ hours following the last dose on day @number@
results : all @number@ subjects enrolled in the study were evaluable for tolerability and @number@ were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis.
one elderly subject was excluded from the pharmacokinetic analyses because of apparent noncompliance with armodafinil dosing.
armodafinil was generally well tolerated by both groups.
conclusions : systemic exposure following administration of armodafinil is increased in the elderly in comparison with younger subjects , particularly in those aged ≥75 years.
background : many potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed to older people have anticholinergic properties as adverse effects and are therefore potentially harmful.
these effects typically include constipation , dry mouth , blurred vision , dizziness and slowing of urination.
however , studies of the prognostic implications of daps remain scarce.
objective : to evaluate the impact of daps on hospitalization and mortality in older patients with stable cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
the use of daps was estimated using definitions from the previous scientific literature.
results : the unadjusted follow-up mortality was @percent@ and @percent@ among the users and non-users of daps , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the use of daps in older patients with stable cvd was associated with an increased number of hospital days but not with mortality.
methods : patients with both stable coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndromes undergoing pci were included in the study.
two groups were formed according to age at the time of admission.
in-hospital outcomes were investigated during a mean ± sd follow-up period of @number@ ± @number@ days.
other safety outcomes of timi minor / minimal bleeding and thrombocytopenia were not different between the two groups.
conclusions : any bleeding and timi major bleeding complications increase in patients aged ≥75 years treated with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin.
as the population of the western world ages , the number of major surgical procedures performed in the elderly population will by necessity increase.
within virtually every surgical specialty , studies have shown that patients should not be denied surgery on the basis of chronological age alone.
not unexpectedly , not only the results of these operations , but also the associated morbidities , are similar in older and younger populations.
therefore , it is not surprising that postoperative ileus ( poi ) affects patients of all ages.
this article reviews the potential impact of pharmacological agents , laparoscopy and other manoeuvres on poi in the elderly.
also , production of mature naive t cells by the thymus decreases with age.
however , the addition of alum adjuvant to a split or subunit influenza vaccine has induced only marginal improvements.
more recently , another oil-in-water emulsion , as03 , has been approved as a component of pre-pandemic h5n1 and pandemic h1n1 @number@ vaccines.
data that emerged from large clinical trials showed an improved immunogenicity compared with that of standard vaccine.
insulin / igf-like signaling ( iis ) and nutrient sensing are among the most potent regulators of health status and aging.
we showed that specific metabolic profiles were significantly associated with each type of mutant.
on the basis of the metabonomics data , selected underlying processes were further investigated using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches.
the observed changes suggest a decreased activity of the one carbon metabolism in pept-1 ( lg601 ) mutants.
a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design without equivalent control group was used in this project.
the sample included @number@ persons over @number@ years of age.
the results of this study indicate that the participants perceived improvements in some aspects of their quality of life.
in addition , the main reasons which motivate participation in these musical activities are to broaden the social network and to acquire new knowledge.
the results are discussed in the light of the challenges of active and satisfactory aging.
background : we present the incidence and risk factors for major depressive disorder ( mdd ) among community-dwelling elderly nigerians.
of the @number@ baseline sample , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were successfully followed up after approximately @number@ months.
compared to males , the age-adjusted hazard for females was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
lifetime or current subsyndromal symptoms of depression at baseline did not increase the risk of incident mdd.
among females , but not males , rural residence and poor social network were risk factors for incident mdd.
physical health status at baseline did not predict new onset of mdd.
social factors , in particular those relating to social isolation , constitute a risk for incident mdd.
informal filial care plays an important role for elderly parents facing health challenges.
ageing , however , exacerbates the burden of filial care because the ratio of older to younger individuals is higher and disabled parents live longer.
we find that , while parental needs are important , cohabitation is influenced to a larger extent by the costs and gains of children.
the elderly facing health and economic challenges are at higher risk of not receiving filial support than other elderly individuals.
fifty-two of them demonstrated degenerative endplate marrow changes.
regions of interest were placed on sites of normal marrow ( group a ) and degenerative changes ( group b ) on subtracted images.
fitted time-intensity curves ( ftics ) were generated and evaluated for curve pattern.
both groups were stratified into upper ( l1-l2 ) and lower ( l3- @date@ levels , males and females younger or older than @number@ years.
perfusion parameters were calculated and statistically compared for both groups and subgroups.
receiver operator curve ( roc ) analysis was also performed.
results : two ftic patterns were identified.
a time to peak value > 108 seconds was characteristic for degenerative changes with sensitivity @percent@ and specificity @percent@.
brain metabolism declines with age , but cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) is less age dependent.
we therefore hypothesized that the brain temperature would decline with age , and measured the temperatures of the lateral ventricles in healthy volunteers.
the temperature of water molecules is directly related to the diffusion coefficient , so that the temperature of cerebrospinal fluid can be measured using dwi.
the lateral ventricles were manually extracted by an experienced neuroradiologist on b ( @number@ ) images.
the mean ventricular temperature was determined from the distribution function of the temperature of all selected voxels.
dwi-based thermometry demonstrates that ventricular temperature declines with the normal aging process.
further study is warranted to define the relationships between temperature , metabolism and circulation.
dementia is a common illness with an incidence that is rising as the aged population increases.
vascular dementia and aids dementia are secondary dementias.
diagnostic criteria have relied on a constellation of symptoms , but the definite diagnosis remains a pathologic one.
as treatments become available and target specific molecular abnormalities , differentiating amongst the various primary dementias early on becomes essential.
different brain imaging techniques allow the examination of the structure , biochemistry , metabolic state , and functional capacity of the brain.
all of the major neurodegenerative disorders have relatively specific imaging findings that can be identified.
structural and functional imaging modalities contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of the different dementias.
in fact it has been suggested that chronic cmv infection is a driving force in age-related t cell immunosenescence.
in older adults , chronic cmv infection is conventionally diagnosed by positive igg serology which does not distinguish between past and persistent infections.
cmv igm titers were negative for all @number@ participants , suggesting that recent primary cmv infection was unlikely.
we did not find significant differences between centenarians and the control group ( p > @number@ ) .
among the post-translational modifications , oxidation and glycation are of special interest , especially in diseases such as diabetes , and in aging.
non-enzymatic damage to nuclear proteins has potentially severe consequences for the maintenance of genomic integrity [ @number@ ] .
in this report , we study glycated histones and its in vitro oxidation.
analysis was then performed using a maldi-ms / ms-based approach combined with nano liquid chromatography.
this approach allowed us to identify histone h2b and h1 specific-sites of oxidation and to distinguish the most affected residues for each histone.
furthermore , the results pointed to an increased oxidative damage in the vicinity of the glycated residues.
whole-body insulin sensitivity ( m / i ) was evaluated by an clamp.
a group of @number@ women aged @number@ ± @number@ years was studied.
as expected , the best metabolic profile was found in the low-lams / low-vat group and the worst in the high-lams / high-vat group.
women with low-lams / high-vat presented similar metabolic risks to those with high-lams / high-vat.
the aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging and training status on ventilatory response during incremental cycling exercise.
in addition , the isocapnic buffering ( ib ) phase was calculated together with the hypocapnic hyperventilation.
isocapnic buffering was particularly small in the older untrained volunteers.
although young untrained and older trained subjects had a similar level of vo₂max , older athletes exhibited a larger ib.
in addition , a higher absolute but similar relative ib was observed in young vs. older cyclists , despite a higher vo₂max in the former.
in conclusion , the present study shows that aging is associated with a reduction of the ib phase recorded during an incremental exercise test.
moreover , endurance training induces adaptations that result in an enlargement of the ib phase independent of age.
this information can be used for the characterization and monitoring of the physiological adaptations induced by endurance training.
advanced cardiovascular interventions and an aging population contribute to the growing prevalence of patients with heart failure ( hf ) .
improved medical management , while decreasing mortality , has increased morbidity and cost , with a majority of expense related to preventable hospitalizations.
unfortunately , effective delivery is complex and time consuming , placing a high demand on already overworked bedside nurses.
this can be achieved through implementation of a 2-tiered model that incorporates a risk-assessment tool with utilization of a hf nurse educator.
the end result is improved self-management , increased quality of life , reduced hospital admissions , and an associated decrease in societal costs of hf.
background and aim : cinacalcet effectively reduces calcium in patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism ( hpt ) after kidney transplantation.
method : meta-analysis of observational studies , no randomized controlled studies were available.
we calculated the mean difference between renal function before cinacalcet and at @number@ months on cinacalcet treatment for each study.
pooled analyses are based on random effects models.
the effect size was @number@ μmol / l ( p < @number@ ) when pooling the @number@ studies where serum creatinine levels were reported.
meta-regression analysis revealed that there was an association between renal function and the amount of calcium reduction under treatment with cinacalcet.
a higher delta change in serum calcium levels was associated with a decrease in renal function at @number@ months of cinacalcet treatment.
conclusion : cinacalcet treatment was associated with a decline of renal function in kidney transplant recipients with persistent hpt.
our meta-analysis underscores the need for frequent monitoring of creatinine and calcium levels during cinacalcet treatment.
in @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) individuals aged 65-79 years were re-examined ( average follow-up @number@ years ) .
lipid-lowering drugs had a protective effect against wml ( @number@ @number@ @date@ ) .
background : relationships between alcohol consumption and risks for metabolic syndrome in general populations are very controversial.
it is unknown whether age influences the relationship between alcohol intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
objective : the purpose of this study was to determine whether age influences the relationship between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome.
odds ratios ( ors ) versus nondrinkers for each risk factor and metabolic syndrome were compared between the younger and older groups.
purpose : mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage may be associated with age-related diseases , such as age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
methods : macular and peripheral rpe cells were isolated and cultured from human donor eyes with and without amd.
the stages of amd were graded according to the minnesota grading system.
confluent primary rpe cells were used to test the frequency of endogenous mtdna damage by quantitative pcr.
mutation detection kits were used to detect heteroplasmic mtdna mutation.
the levels of human ogg1 protein , which is associated with mtdna repair , were analyzed by western blot.
most interestingly , the mtdna damage was positively correlated with the grading level of amd , whereas repair capacity was negatively correlated.
in addition , more mitochondrial heteroplasmic mutations were detected in eyes with amd.
conclusions : these data show macula-specific increases in mtdna damage , heteroplasmic mutations , and diminished repair that are associated with aging and amd severity.
mortality risk for low-income men was also lower in higher conflict marriages compared with being never married or previously married.
discussion : marriage ameliorates mortality risks for some low-income men.
objective : this study examined the independent and interactive effects of acculturation and social activity on depressive symptoms.
results : after controlling for the effects of demographic and health-related variables , both acculturation and social activity were identified as significant predictors.
moreover , their interaction was significant ( β = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
further analysis showed that the beneficial effect of social activity on mental health was particularly strong among those with lower levels of acculturation.
increased local production of tgfβ1 is considered the inducing stimulus.
given that stromal remodeling actively promotes bph / pca development , there is considerable interest in developing stromal-targeted therapies.
significantly , selenium supplementation inhibited differentiation by increasing ros-scavenging selenoenzyme biosynthesis because glutathione peroxidase @number@ and txnrd1 expression and txnrd1 enzyme activity were restored.
consistently , selenium depleted ros levels downstream of nox4 induction.
collectively , this work demonstrates that dysregulated redox homeostasis driven by elevated nox4-derived ros signaling underlies differentiation in the diseased prostatic stroma.
after cd45 ablation , in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate an anti-aβ phagocytic but proinflammatory microglial phenotype.
we report on graph theory-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging tract-derived connectivity in a sample of @number@ healthy individuals aged 72-92 years.
the cognitive domains included processing speed , memory , language , visuospatial , and executive functions.
we examined the association of these cognitive assessments with both the connectivity of the whole brain network and individual cortical regions.
we found that the efficiency of the whole brain network of cortical fiber connections had an influence on processing speed and visuospatial and executive functions.
for the first time , regional anatomical connectivity maps related to processing speed and visuospatial and executive functions in the elderly are identified.
the primary purpose of this study was to test whether there is regional cerebral age-related hypometabolism specifically in later stages of life.
to investigate sex-specific differences in the pattern of brain aging , we repeated the above voxelwise calculations after dividing our sample by sex.
when we applied atrophy correction to our pet data , none of the above-mentioned correlations remained significant.
background : cerebral autoregulation ( ca ) is the ability to control cerebral blood flow during fluctuations in arterial blood pressure ( abp ) .
it is impaired in a number of conditions including acute stroke , though studies so far have not found a decline in ca with age.
ca is very sensitive to changes in pco₂.
method : ecg was used to measure r-r interval , finapres to measure abp and capnography to measure end-tidal co₂.
transcranial doppler ultrasonography was used to measure left and right middle cerebral artery cerebral blood flow velocity ( cbfv ) .
hypercapnia was induced by a breath-hold , hypocapnia by hyperventilation.
results : thirty volunteers of mean age @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ volunteers of mean age @number@ ± @number@ years were recruited.
cbfv was higher and change in cbfv due to respiratory manoeuvre was significantly greater in the younger group compared with the older group.
however , no difference in arma-ari was found between the groups.
conclusion : these findings suggest that ca is not affected by healthy ageing.
the incidence of epilepsy is high in older individuals.
however , epilepsy in the elderly may be underdiagnosed and undertreated because of diagnostic difficulties.
the main goal of this study was to determine whether seizure semiology differs between older and younger adults with epilepsy in the outpatient setting.
fifty patients with focal epilepsy aged @number@ years and older and @number@ patients aged between @number@ and @number@ years were included.
review of medical records contained detailed seizure description.
older patients had less generalized motor seizures , but the differences between groups did not reach significance ( p = 0.01 ) .
control subjects ( n = 13 ) received no lmms treatment.
increasing lmms magnitude from @number@ to @number@ g had no significant influence on outcomes.
mounting evidence suggests that herpes simplex virus type @number@ ( hsv-1 ) is involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
recent studies have also suggested that hsv-1 contributes to the appearance of the biochemical anomalies characteristic of ad brains.
in addition , autophagic activity appears to be reduced with aging , and the final stages of autophagy in neurodegenerative process appear to be impaired.
autophagosomes containing aβ failed to fuse with lysosomes in hsv-1-infected cells , indicating the impaired degradation of aβ localized in the autophagic vesicles.
it is found that the @number@ clinical groups demonstrate very similar spatial distribution of grey matter ( gm ) loss on cortex.
although the smell identification test is not performed in adni , this finding is consistent with other ad-related olfactory studies.
objectives : the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of obesity on cardiac aging.
background : obesity is associated with an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy , diastolic dysfunction , heart failure , and atherosclerosis.
right atrial cardiomyocytes were analyzed for mitochondrial function , markers of apoptosis , cardiac load or metabolism , and oxidative stress parameters.
the metabolic state was further characterized in fasting blood samples.
results : obesity resulted in disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and function ( respiratory chain complex i ) in the cardiomyocytes of young and old patients.
disturbances in glucose metabolism and adipocytokine release were detectable in old ( obese and normal-weight ) and young obese patients.
however , only minor deteriorations in most parameters were observed in obese subjects older than @number@ years of age compared with normal-weight , age-matched patients.
design : cross-sectional exploratory study.
setting : community-dwelling elders.
sequential logistic regressions showed self-reported difficulty and physical performance were significant independent predictors of each category of cs.
a number of tissues and organs in the human body contain abundant proteins that are long-lived.
this includes the heart , lung , brain , bone and connective tissues.
such insidious processes may affect human health , fitness and ultimately may limit our lifespan.
the human lens , which contains proteins that do not turnover , is used to illustrate the impact of these gradual deleterious modifications.
since these post-translational modifications accumulate over a period of many years , they can only be studied using organisms that have lifespans measured in decades.
one conclusion is that there may be important aspects of human aging that can be studied only using long-lived animals.
memory performance can be enhanced by expectations regarding the appearance of ensuing stimuli.
however , within the older population , individuals who demonstrated face-expectation memory benefits also exhibited expectation-period ffa activity modulation equivalent to younger adults.
this deficit may have broader consequences for the effective utilization of predictive cues to guide attention and engender optimal cognitive performance in older individuals.
background : for the last decade , there has been a shortage of pharmacists for most of the united states.
however , there also may be supply-side causes.
although the number of pharmacy school graduates has increased , most graduates are women , many of whom may choose to work part-time.
because of the change in sex composition of the workforce , some researchers conclude that pharmacist shortages will be even more critical in the future.
results : pharmacists have high starting wages but flat wage trajectories.
although many pharmacists are working part-time , this is true for women and men.
income effects do not dominate substitution effects , even at the high level of compensation found here.
objective : to study the association between the availability of healthy foods and bmi by neighbourhood race and socio-economic status ( ses ) .
design : trained staff collected demographic information , height , weight and @number@ h dietary recalls between @number@ and @number@
healthy food availability was determined in thirty-four census tracts of varying racial and ses composition using the nutrition environment measures survey-stores in @number@
multilevel linear regression was used to estimate associations between healthy food availability and bmi.
setting : baltimore city , maryland , usa.
subjects : adults aged 30-64 years ( n @number@ ) who participated in the healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span study.
associations were attenuated but remained significant after controlling for dietary quality ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
this result could be due to individuals in neighbourhoods with low healthy food availability travelling outside their neighbourhood to obtain healthy food.
cell incubation with antioxidants quercetin or genistein prevents 24-hydroxycholesterol's pro-oxidant effect and potentiation of aβ-induced necrosis and apoptosis.
this report further supports a primary involvement of altered brain cholesterol metabolism in the complex pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease.
curcumin is a dietary constituent with tumor-suppressing potential , inhibiting various pathways involved in carcinogenesis.
however , because of its low bioavailability , the use of curcumin in in vivo trials has been limited.
we investigated the inhibitory effect of go-y030 on nf-κb activation.
direct inhibition of ikkβ kinase activity and suppression of nuclear translocation of the nf-κb p65 subunit were observed.
the @percent@ growth inhibition concentrations of go-y030 ranged from one-11th to one-14th of those of curcumin.
go-y030 also induced cell death comparable to that induced by curcumin but at a 10-fold lower concentration.
in pancreatic and thyroid cancer cells , the growth-inhibitory effect of go-y030 was 4- and 15-fold greater , respectively , than that of curcumin.
go-y030 was a much stronger inducer of apoptosis compared with curcumin.
the enhanced potency of go-y030 may make it more useful than curcumin , which suffers from low bioavailability.
go-y030 is a good lead compound for the development of useful compounds for practical cancer chemotherapy.
background : hyaluronic acid ( ha ) gels have been used as filler material in the aesthetic field.
although the native ha molecule is without specificity of species and organs , synthetic cross-linked gels have differences in chemical composition and three-dimensional structure.
different technologies are employed in cross-linking , and the products have varying rheological properties.
materials and methods : human volunteers consented to having controlled placement of ha intradermally into forearm or buttock skin.
the trials were conducted in a single clinic in association with the hôpitaux universitaires de genève , geneva , switzerland.
the biopsies were taken immediately after implantation of the product and at day @number@
standard paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and alcian blue and examined by an independent pathologist.
results : results show that each type of ha has a predictable histologic behavior in the skin.
biphasic gel has demonstrated deposition in big pools , often deep in the reticular dermis.
the pools compress the collagen fibers.
the papillary dermis and superficial reticular dermis are free of ha.
monophasic monodensified gels show large pools of hyaluronans throughout all the thickness of the reticular dermis.
this material breaks up the collagen fibers of most of the dermal plane.
the papillary dermis is free of exogenous hyaluronans.
conclusion : the different types of cross-linked ha have different behaviors in the dermis immediately after their injection.
the patterns are consistent between patients and are predictable.
these histologic patterns do not change when biopsies are examined at @number@ weeks.
background : the natural history of thyroid function in adults with down syndrome is relatively unknown with limited long-term follow-up data.
method : this study investigated annual thyroid function tests in @number@ adults with down syndrome over a 15-year period.
results : for healthy adults with down syndrome there is a gradual increase in thyroxine and possible gradual decline in thyroid-stimulating hormone with age.
the 15-year incidence for definite hypothyroidism remains low and subclinical hypothyroidism is not a precursor for the onset of definite hypothyroidism.
conclusions : the incidence of thyroid dysfunction is markedly less than would be expected from prevalence studies.
subclinical hypothyroidism is not necessarily a precursor to definite hypothyroidism.
prevalence studies have overstated the association between thyroid dysfunction and down syndrome.
aging is a biological process that affects most cells , organisms and species.
despite the remarkable progress made during the last two decades , our understanding of the biology of aging remains incomplete.
telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the aging and disease process.
objective : blood endothelial progenitor cells ( epcs ) and endothelial microparticles ( emps ) have been proposed as markers of endothelial dysfunction.
materials and methods : fifty patients ( 50-64 years ) with ed and loh were selected.
finally , androgen therapy improves endothelial dysfunction.
the prevalence of heart failure substantially increases with advancing age.
nevertheless , heart failure in the elderly is commonly under-diagnosed , because dyspnoea and fatigue are often attributed to the natural process of aging.
cautious uptitration of the individual drugs and vigorous clinical and laboratory monitoring is mandatory to avoid undesired side effects.
today , guideline-recommended heart failure therapy is still too often withheld from elderly patients out of fear of potential side effects.
this qualitative study analyzed the conjugal grief experience of veterans ' widows.
a transtheoretical model ( ttm ) goal-setting tool was used during strength training in women.
volunteers ( mean age = @number@ n = @number@ ) were assigned to a strength training only or strength training / behavior change 12-week intervention.
a pre / posttest , quasiexperimental design assessed ttm constructs , health-related quality of life , and functional fitness measurements.
stage of change progression may be enhanced using a goal-setting tool during strength training in older women.
all received mba degrees between the years of @number@ and @number@
about @percent@ definitely wanted to work after age @number@
more positive views of work were predictive of wanting to continue working as was having nontraditional gender-role attitudes.
men who planned to continue working were particularly likely to have a spouse wanting to work past the age of @number@
several other factors appeared to operate differently for women and men.
self-esteem is linked to high-risk behaviors in other populations but has not been examined in women aged @number@ and older.
this study explored how self-esteem is related to variables that can influence high-risk sexual behaviors in women over @number@
factors such as relational context , interpersonal power , and silencing can affect self-esteem and may be contributing to hiv risk in this group.
results show that women report lower marital happiness , marital interaction , and marital power than do men , on average.
these differences persist even after controlling for a number of life-course events and transitions.
objective : increased focus on the quality of health care requires tools and information to address and improve quality.
one tool to evaluate and report the quality of clinical health services is quality indicators based on a clinical database.
method : the capital region of denmark runs a quality database for dementia evaluation in the secondary health system.
one volume and seven process quality indicators on dementia evaluations are monitored.
indicators can be followed over time in an individual clinic.
up to @number@ variables are entered to calculate the indicators and to provide risk factor variables for the data analyses.
results : the database was constructed in @number@ and covers @percent@ of the danish population.
data from all consecutive cases evaluated for dementia in the secondary health system in the capital region of denmark are entered.
the database has shown that the basic diagnostic work-up programme with mmse , and a brain scan is performed in almost all patients.
differences in the prevalence of etiological diagnoses indicate differences in the application of the diagnostic criteria.
this has initiated a process to harmonize the use of diagnostic criteria and the mmse including administration guide.
objectives : memory clinics ( mcs ) are multidisciplinary teams involved with early diagnosis and treatment of people with dementia.
the main aim of this study was to gain more insight into the development of mcs in the netherlands since @number@
results : the number of mcs increased from @number@ in @number@ to @number@ in @number@ and to @number@ in @number@
in @number@ mcs were better embedded with other regional care and were delivering services for dementia with less emphasis on university-based research.
while dementia was still the most common syndromal diagnosis , the proportion of subjects diagnosed with milder memory problems increased to @percent@.
diagnostic tools , blood assessments and brain imaging were used in nearly all the facilities.
there was an increase both in the use of extensive neuropsychological assessments and in the use of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics.
background : the lack of a consistent model means that the quality and characteristics of memory services can vary greatly.
quality standards have been successfully applied in a range of healthcare settings which allow services to implement improvements where necessary.
a nationally agreed set of quality standards would help fulfil this need for uk memory services.
conclusion : it was possible to develop and field test nationally agreed quality standards for memory services.
we believe that by implementing msnap it will be possible to improve the quality of uk memory services.
objective : to implement a sustainable collaborative dementia care program in a public health care system in indianapolis.
results : within its first year of operation , the habc delivered @number@ visits to serve @number@ patients and @number@ informal caregivers.
the rate of a one-week er revisit was @percent@ and the 30-day rehospitalization rate was @percent@.
only @percent@ of habc patients received an order for neuroleptics and only @percent@ had simultaneous orders for both definite anticholinergic and anti-dementia drugs.
the quality of life - alzheimer disease scale ( qol-ad ) and geriatric depression scale-15 items ( gds-15 ) were used.
linear regression analyses with qol and gds-15 score as dependent variables were performed.
conclusion : the qol for carers of eod patients corresponds positively with the increased age of carers and with patients ' insight into their condition.
increased depressive symptomatology in carers was associated with being married , having offspring and caring for a patient with dementia and a co-morbid cardiovascular disease.
a reduction in depression was seen in carers when the patients received domiciliary nursing care.
purpose : to reassess the adrenal function of patients with pcos after the introduction of the rotterdam's criteria.
methods : descriptive and cross-sectional study including @number@ patients @number@ ± @number@ years old.
insulin resistance was considered to be present with a homeostatic model assessment index > 2.8.
the adrenal response to cortrosyn was assessed by the hormonal rise observed at @number@ minutes , and by the area under the response curve.
results : biochemical hyperandrogenism was found in @number@ of @number@ eligible patients ( @percent@ ) .
thirty-three women had adrenal hyperandrogenism ( @percent@ ) .
the increments in 17-ohp4 , cortisol , a , and progesterone were @percent@ , @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
the homeostatic insulin resistance model was > 2.8 in @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
insulin and estradiol were not correlated with cortisol or androgens.
conclusions : the use of multiple endocrine parameters showed a high prevalence of biochemical hyperandrogenism in patients with pcos.
two thirds of the patients had adrenal hyperandrogenism , and estradiol and insulin did not influence adrenal secretion.
background : development of oral narrative.
aim : to verify narrative and pause duration , number of words and interlocutor's interventions in the oral narratives of children with typical development.
regarding the number of interventions , a correlation ( p-value = @number@ ) between age and number of interventions was observed for the book context.
it was observed that the number of interventions decrease with age.
conclusion : children presented longer narratives in the book context.
however , no significant differences were observed between the age groups.
the results of the study also suggest that the interlocutor's interventions become less necessary with the aging process.
the risk of overall cancer inevitably increases with advancing age.
the cancer incidence rate is not constant within the human life span ( it exponentially increases with advancing age ) .
aging itself is a complex biological process with a poorly understood mechanism of its regulation.
cellular senescence , which is believed to be associated with dysfunctional ( shortened ) telomeres , may contribute to the aging of a whole organism.
here , based on recent literature data , we investigate the possible link between telomere dysfunction associated cellular senescence and tumorigenesis.
methods : eighty-two patients were categorized into @number@ groups according to their age.
results : compared with all other parts of the brain , the cerebellum had the highest suv.
this paper highlights several aspects of nutrition that require additional basic science and clinical application research to improve the health and well-being of older adults.
research needs regarding the safety , efficacy , and application of clinical interventions related to these topics also are discussed.
proanthocyanidins ( pa ) , the polymers of flavan-3-ols , have cardioprotective and cancer preventive properties as shown in clinical studies.
the pa intake in a free-living population has not yet been reported , however.
three major food sources , tea , legumes , and wines , contributed @number@ mg ( @percent@ ) of daily pa intake.
the marked differences in pa intake among various sociodemographic subgroups need further investigation in relation to health disparities and chronic disease prevalence in the us.
epidemiological studies have shown that low vitamin d status results in impaired immune function and is associated with the prevalence of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
vitamin d supplementation has been shown to reduce circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers in such conditions.
a total of @number@ younger and @number@ older adults completed the 22-wk intervention ( from october to march ) with > 85% compliance.
objective : this study examined the association between objectively measured sedentary activity and metabolic syndrome among older adults.
sedentary time during waking hours was measured by an accelerometer ( < 100 counts per minute ) .
a sedentary bout was defined as a period of time > 5 min.
a sedentary break was defined as an interruption in sedentary time ( ≥ @number@ counts per minute ) .
metabolic syndrome was defined according to the adult treatment panel ( atp ) iii criteria.
results : on average , people spent @number@ h ( @percent@ of wear time ) as sedentary.
the association between intensity during sedentary time and metabolic syndrome was borderline significant.
conclusions : the proportion of sedentary time was strongly related to metabolic risk , independent of physical activity.
the present in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that α7 nachr activity decreases when endogenous production of kyna increases.
incubation ( 2-7 h ) of rat hippocampal slices with kynurenine ( @number@ μm ) resulted in continuous de novo synthesis of kyna.
incubation of slices from postweaned rats with kynurenine inhibited α7 nachrs and extrasynaptic n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors ( nmdars ) on ca1 stratum radiatum interneurons.
these effects were attenuated by bff122 and mimicked by exogenously applied kyna ( @number@ μm ) .
exposure of human cerebral cortical slices to kynurenine also inhibited α7 nachrs.
the α7 nachr sensitivity to kyna is age-dependent , because neither endogenously produced nor exogenously applied kyna inhibited α7 nachrs in slices from preweaned rats.
in these slices , kynurenine-derived kyna also failed to inhibit extrasynaptic nmdars , which could , however , be inhibited by exogenously applied kyna.
we describe an 18-year-old male with cervical flexion myelopathy with hirayama disease-like features who showed apparent long tract signs.
he first experienced insidious-onset hand muscle weakness and atrophy at the age of @number@
subsequently , he developed sensory disturbance in his lower limb.
the right side of the cervical cord showed severe atrophy.
patients with hirayama disease generally show minimal sensory signs and no pyramidal signs.
an autopsy case of hirayama disease revealed confined necrosis of the cervical anterior horn without obvious changes in the white matter.
the primary outcome event was any stroke or death.
stenting should be avoided in older patients , but may be as safe as endarterectomy in younger patients.
determination of the efficacy and ultimate balance between the two procedures requires further data on long-term stroke recurrence.
this study examined the effects of localized muscle fatigue , age , and gender on lower extremity joint torques used during quiet stance.
thirty-two participants performed exercises designed to fatigue the ankle plantarflexors , knee extensors , torso extensors , or shoulder flexors.
body kinematics and ground reaction forces were obtained both before and after the exercises , and joint torques were derived via inverse dynamics.
single joint fatigue affected torque variability at all lower extremity joints , with similar changes for both age groups.
correlations between peak torques and torque variability differed between males and females and between age groups in certain cases.
background : obesity , comorbid with pain disorders including migraine , shares common pathophysiological characteristics including systemic inflammation , and derangements in adipose-tissue derived cytokines.
despite biochemical and epidemiological commonalities , obesity-migraine associations have been inconsistently observed.
methods : a cohort of @number@ women was interviewed during early pregnancy.
logistic regression procedures were used to estimate odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
plastoquinone , a very effective electron carrier and antioxidant of chloroplasts , was conjugated with decyltriphenylphosphonium to obtain a cation easily penetrating through membranes.
this cation , called skq1 , is specifically targeted to mitochondria by electrophoresis in the electric field formed by the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
in cell cultures , skq1 and its analog plastoquinonyl decylrhodamine @number@ ( skqr1 ) arrest h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) -induced apoptosis.
numerous reports show that efficacy of medical treatment depends on the age of treated subjects.
this applies particularly to the effect of drugs on various senescence-prone cellular pathways.
in this review , we demonstrate how ageing affects various mitochondria-associated pathways and their response to a variety of factors.
these factors include registered drugs and other chemicals , and account for diverse consequences which vary depending on the physiological condition.
pharmacological treatments aimed at improving mitochondrial function should thus have in mind the subject age.
cardiac damage is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality particularly associated with coronary artery disease.
moreover , it is also related to some metabolic diseases such as diabetes and to some side effects of drug treatments.
regular exercise has been confirmed as a pragmatic countermeasure to protect against cardiac injury.
specifically , life-long physical activity and endurance exercise training have been proven to provide cardioprotection against cardiac insults in both young and old animals.
at present , it remains unclear what the protective mechanisms that are essential for exercise-induced cardioprotection are.
the scores for each measure were standardized to t-scores that controlled for age , sex and education.
respondents were classified into five cognitive functioning categories.
interpretation : these categories can be used in future work on cognitive functioning based on the cchs healthy aging.
the role of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) and its sulphated form ( dheas ) as anabolic hormones is still debated in the literature.
in this review we describe the fundamental steps of dhea physiological secretion and its peripheral metabolism.
moreover we will list all the observational and intervention studies conducted in humans.
surprisingly , observational studies are not consistent with different effects in men and women.
there is recent evidence of a significant role of dhea in frailty syndrome and as predictor of mortality.
results from one laboratory are often difficult to reproduce in another laboratory , leading to confusion.
methods of measurement were left to the individual laboratories. ph was measured on both laboratory ph meters and clinical blood gas machines.
adenosine @number@'-monophosphate ( atp ) was measured by a variety of methods.
results : intralaboratory variability of measures of ph and atp were small compared to interlaboratory variability.
conclusions : common methods and shared standards between laboratories would improve the interpretation of rbc storage measurements.
improved comparability between major laboratories would speed the development of better rbc storage systems.
the release of hemoglobin ( hb ) occurs in some infectious and autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation.
as levels of haptoglobin ( hp ) fall , free hb can cause pathology.
humoral autoreactivity to human hb was demonstrated in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , leishmania and malaria patients.
human and murine anti-hb monoclonal antibodies were generated , some of which were preferentially reactive toward disease-associated methemoglobin.
epitope-mapping studies revealed evidence of intra-molecular cross-reactivity.
one such autoantibody synergized with hb to enhance the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines while eliciting the increased production of monocyte migratory signals from endothelial cells.
preferential usage of specific variable region gene segments was not observed , although somatic mutations were documented.
background : hepatic steatosis may develop after pancreatic resection , but its clinicopathological features remain unclear.
in the remaining @number@ patients , the prevalence and clinical features of de novo nafld after pd were examined.
results : nafld developed after pd in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients in our cohort.
liver biopsy was performed in @number@ patients and all showed typical steatohepatitis.
in such patients , intensifying pancreatic enzyme supplementation may be useful.
degenerative ageing processes are to a great extent responsible for organ-specific morbidity and mortality among our population.
the incidence of many autoimmune diseases also increases significantly with age , as is evident with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) for example.
objective : recent observations showed that long chain omega @number@ polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 lcpufa ) could represent a potential treatment for elderly depression.
design : two-months , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial.
setting : nursing home in pavia , italy.
subjects : forty-six depressed females , aged 66-95 years.
the primary endpoint was the improvement of depressive symptoms as evaluated by geriatric depression scale ( gds ) .
all parameters were assessed before and after the treatment period of @number@ weeks.
results : the mean gds at @number@ months was significantly lowered only for the n-3 group.
sf-36 physical and mental components were significantly increased in the intervention group.
compliance was good , as confirmed by erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fa concentrations , with significant increase of epa and dha in the intervention group.
background : health care professionals need a simple and pragmatic clinical approach for the management of recurrent fallers in clinical routine.
methods : a systematic english and french review was conducted using medline , embase , pascal and cochrane literature.
search included systematic reviews , meta-analyses , controlled trials , cohort studies , case-control studies and transversal studies published until @date@ .
the guidelines were elaborated according the haute autorite de sante methods by a multidisciplinary working group comprising experts and practitioners.
recurrent falls impose a prompt and appropriate management with the first aim to systematically evaluate the severity of falls.
the evaluation of fall severity should be based on a standardized questionnaire and physical examination.
prior to any intervention and after an evaluation of signs of severity , it is recommended to systematically assess the risk factors for falls.
this evaluation should be based on the use of validated and standardized tests.
the education of recurrent fallers and their care givers is required in order to implement appropriate intervention.
in the event of a gait and / or balance disorders , it is recommended to prescribe physiotherapy.
a regular physical activity should be performed with low to moderate intensity exercise.
conclusion : the clinical guidelines focused on management ( i.e. , diagnosis , assessment and treatment ) of recurrent falls in clinical routine.
study design : cross-sectional.
setting : three health centers in north-east of france.
population : @number@ community-dwelling volunteers aged @number@ and older.
subjects were separated into @number@ groups based on the number of falls : @number@ @number@ @number@ and ≥ @number@ falls.
clinical trial data have now demonstrated the benefits of statin treatment in the elderly in both the primary and secondary prevention settings.
there is however limited data for individuals older than @number@ years.
little data is available on other lipid modifying medication in the elderly.
this emphasizes the importance of clinical decision-making and weighing up the risks and benefits of treatment.
objectives : to determine how the thai elderly perceived the benefits of herbal medicine consumption and to study related variables influencing their perception.
design : a cross-sectional study was used.
the questionnaires were conducted in june to @date@ in @number@ different regions ( urban , suburban and rural areas ) .
results : @percent@ having used herbal medicines in many ways.
most of the elderly used the local herbals together with conventional medicines.
a @percent@ of the elderly had the strongest opinion regarding the use of herbal medicines as substitutes for conventional medicines.
they also strongly agreed on using them as nutrients ( @percent@ ) .
the study found significant correlation among levels of education , stress levels , happiness levels , and perception of benefits of herbal medicine consumption.
conclusions : this study indicated that levels of education , happiness , and stress could influence the perception of herbal medicine consumption.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with a global prevalence estimated at @number@ million in @number@
during the past decades , several agents have been approved that enhance cognition of ad patients.
however , the effectiveness of these treatments are limited or controversial and they do not modify disease progression.
recent advances in understanding ad pathogenesis have led to the development of numerous compounds that might modify the disease process.
ad is mainly characterized neuropathologically by the presence of two kinds of protein aggregates : extracellular plaques of abeta-peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.
abeta and tau could interfere in an original way contributing to a cascade of events leading to neuronal death and transmitter deficits.
investigation for novel therapeutic approaches targeting the presumed underlying pathogenic mechanisms is major focus of research.
we can state as an example : abeta passive and active immunization , secretases modulation , abeta degradation enhancement , or antiaggregation and antifibrillization agents.
tau-related therapies are also under clinical investigation but few compounds are available.
another alternative approach under development is neuroprotective agents such as antioxidants , anti-inflammatory drugs , compounds acting against glutamate mediated neurotoxicity.
neurorestorative approaches through neurotrophin or cell therapy also represent a minor avenue in ad research.
this article exposes general classes of disease-modifying therapies under investigation.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : the singapore longitudinal aging studies ( slas ) , a community-based study in urban region of singapore.
participants : @number@ chinese adults aged ≥ @number@ years.
measurement : omega-3 pufa supplements intake and mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) were assessed at baseline.
no statistically significant association ( or = 1.02 , @percent@ c. @date@ .81-1.27 ) of fish consumption with cognitive decline was found.
conclusion : daily n-3 pufa supplements consumption was independently associated with less cognitive decline in elderly chinese.
design : case-cohort study.
setting : clinic visit in 1991-93.
participants : @number@ community dwelling men and women aged 67-100 years ( mean = 80.2 ) .
measurements : participants had neurological and neuropsychological evaluations for dementia in 1991-93.
plasma dha was measured in blood samples obtained at that visit.
dietary intakes of dha and fish were obtained from an earlier ( 1988-91 ) visit.
three dha exposure variables were used in separate analyses ; plasma dha , dietary dha , and consumption of cold-water fish.
all-cause dementia included ad and other types of possible or probable dementia.
results : among these @number@ participants , @number@ had dementia and @number@ had possible or probable ad.
conclusions : plasma and dietary dha appear to protect against dementia.
increasing dha intake from marine sources may be recommended for reducing dementia risk.
these earlier patients may have early cognitive losses consistent with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or may be completely asymptomatic.
cancer screening and treatment programs have been developed for colon cancer , breast cancer and prostate cancer.
measurements : the occurrence of hypertension was assessed by self-report.
binary logistic regression analyses ( odds ratio ) were used to measure strengths of relationships.
in the cuban elderly , the final design shows that , with the exception of whr , all indicators were associated with hypertension.
wcok and w / ht were the indexes most strongly associated with the outcome.
background : sarcopenia , the loss of muscle mass and strength , is associated adversely with disability , morbidity and mortality.
epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important.
acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a @number@ mm pain visual analogue scale ( vas ) .
@number@ mm indicated severe pain.
results : muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in @number@ out of @number@ participants , mean yield @number@ mg ( range 20-290 mg ) .
there were no serious wound complications.
ninety-three participants completed feedback questionnaires.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) participants were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again.
conclusion : muscle biopsy using a weil-blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older men participating in epidemiological research.
unlabelled : depression is associated with nutritional deterioration in older persons and is highly prevalent among people of low socioeconomic status ( lses ) .
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : lod , a town in the central israel.
participants : community-dwelling welfare recipients aged @number@ to @number@
dietary intake was evaluated using a 24-hour dietary recall.
results : this study reports on @number@ persons aged @number@ years and above ( @percent@ men ) .
the prevalence of depression in this population was @percent@ ; @percent@ of the study sample was classified as \ " food insufficient \ " .
vitamins and minerals intake was lower than recommended for both groups ; vitamin e intake was associated with depression.
further studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between the emotional and nutritional domains in this vulnerable population.
previous studies reported that wrn silencing in combination with deficiency in other genes led to significantly accelerated cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis.
methodology / principal findings : we found that silencing wrn accelerated the proliferation of hl60 cells and decreased the cell growth rate of tk6 cells.
loss of wrn increased dna damage in both cell types as measured by comet assay , but elicited different responses in each cell line.
moreover , wrn depletion in hl60 cells led to the hyper-activation of homologous recombination repair via up-regulation of rad51 and blm protein levels.
this resulted in dna damage disrepair , apparent by the increased frequencies of both spontaneous and chemically induced structural chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.
objective : many short-term studies indicate that @percent@ weight loss in the obese is enough to induce significant improvements of cardiovascular risk factors.
methods : patients examined after @number@ years in the intervention study swedish obese subjects were used for the current analysis.
the patients were divided in @number@ groups based on the amount of weight change.
analysis of covariance was used to determine the necessary weight change over @number@ years for a significant alteration of a risk factor.
results : the necessary weight loss for significant improvement of risk factors ranged from @number@ to @number@ kg.
treatment effects are influenced by non-weight change-dependant shifts in risk factor levels.
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from nicotinamide.
this protein was originally cloned as a putative pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor and also found to be a visceral fat-derived adipokine ( visfatin ) .
as a multifunctional protein , visfatin plays an important role in immunity , metabolism , aging , inflammation , and responses to stress.
visfatin also participates in several pathophysiological processes contributing to cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases , including hypertension , atherosclerosis , ischemic heart disease , and ischemic stroke.
however , whether visfatin is a friend or a foe in these diseases remains uncertain.
this brief review focuses on the current understanding of the complex role of visfatin in the cardio-cerebro-vascular system under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
it is an anguishing experience for a professional community to deal with a colleague's impairment.
( journal of psychiatric practice @number@ @time@ @number@ ) .
( journal of psychiatric practice.
@number@ @time@ @number@ ) .
patient's age is an important factor in orthodontic treatment.
there are many studies about bone aging from the aspects of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
both , aging and osteoporosis are associated problems and have a great importance in relation to their incidence.
in recent years immunohistological studies had become very popular in all fields of medicine including orthodontics , too.
patient's age plays an important role in orthodontic treatment , because of the bone response to mechanical loading.
renal tissue samples obtained at autopsy from a male baby ( @number@ months old ) with no renal disease were also examined.
for each case , gbm thicknesses at 10-15 evenly distributed points per glomerular loop were directly measured and the arithmetic mean ± sd was calculated.
the histogram plot showed @number@ clearly divided modes for gbm thickness.
since trf2 inhibition leads to atm activation , a novel positive feedback loop exists to amplify uncapped telomere-induced , p53-mediated cellular responses.
biological significance and therapeutic implications of this study are discussed.
( ugts ) are critical for the metabolism and clearance of drugs , chemicals , and hormones.
ugt activity developed age dependently in pediatric liver.
maximal activity of @number@ nmol · min · ( @number@ ) mg protein ( @number@ ) was observed for ugt1a1 at @number@ months.
for ugt1a6 , activity matured at @number@ months ( @number@ nmol · min · ( @number@ ) mg protein ( @number@ ) ) .
protein expression was not age-dependent , and activities did not correlate to protein levels for either enzyme.
the in vitro activities were used to calculate normalized hepatic clearances using both allometric scaling and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.
these data imply independent regulation of ugt1a1 and 1a6 where activity has matured after @number@ months to @number@ year.
total hepatic clearance of substances mediated by these enzymes may mature concurrently or take longer because of other physiological factors.
late development of ugt enzymes may contribute to chemical , drug , and environmental toxicity.
background : due to the aging of the population , the number of older patients diagnosed with a malignant disease is increasing.
a multidisciplinary approach to the senior adult cancer patient is mandatory , to assure optimal diagnosis and therapeutic management.
conclusion : the identification of proper clinical outcomes and the validation of geriatric screening tools are needed for conducting sound and comparable clinical trials.
introduction and rationale : the number of older cancer patients is increasing with global aging of the population.
background : structural changes occur in the pancreas as a part of the natural aging process.
fecal elastase-1 is a good marker of pancreatic exocrine secretion.
methods : a total of @number@ patients participated in this cross-sectional study.
@number@ older individuals ( aged 60-92 years ) were recruited from outpatient clinics and elderly homes.
@number@ young subjects ( 20-28 years old ) were investigated as controls.
inclusion criteria were age over @number@ years , normal status and competence.
exclusion criteria were any special diet , diabetes mellitus , any known gastrointestinal disease or prior gastrointestinal surgery.
fecal elastase-1 concentration was measured from stool samples with an elisa that uses two monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of human elastase-1.
of those , @number@ subjects had fecal elastase-1 level below @number@ μg / g as a marker of severe pancreatic insufficiency.
design : the study's design was a retrospective chart review.
setting : the study was set in an academic spine center.
patients : a total of @number@ cases from @number@ patients were reviewed of which @number@ cases from @number@ patients who underwent diagnostic procedures were included.
outcome measures : prevalence and age were analyzed for each diagnosis group.
methods : patients with recalcitrant low back pain underwent diagnostic procedures based on their clinical presentation until the pain source was identified.
results : the prevalence of internal disc disruption , facet joint pain and sacroiliac joint pain was @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
patients with internal disc disruption were significantly younger than those with facet joint pain or sacroiliac joint pain.
conclusion : our data confirm the intervertebral disc as the most common etiology of chronic low back pain in adults.
based on our sample , the younger the patient , the more likely low back pain is discogenic in origin.
facetogenic or sacroiliac joint pain is more likely in older patients.
all the participants were assessed with their activities of daily living , gait and balance using various scales.
their handgrip strength and muscle strength of lower extremities were also measured using dynamometers.
falls of the participants during the @number@ months follow-up period were recorded.
the u.s.-wide prevalence of venous thromboembolism ( vte ) is unclear , with reported vte incidence estimates varying widely.
of @number@ million study-eligible patients , @number@ had vte.
vte was more prevalent in women than men throughout the study.
the annual prevalence of vte increased with age : @number@ in patients ≥65 years versus @number@ in patients < 65 ( @number@ data ) .
the number of u.s. adults with vte is projected to more than double from @number@ million in @number@ to @number@ million in @number@
greater efforts are required to improve awareness of vte and improve standards of vte prevention in healthcare organizations.
solid-organ transplant recipients have an elevated risk for some malignancies because of the requirement for immunosuppression [ @number@ ] .
ptld incidence is high immediately after transplantation , decreases subsequently , and then rises again 4-5 years from transplantation [ @number@ ] .
this incidence pattern suggests the presence of separate early-onset and late-onset ptld subtypes.
of possible complications , only vaso-occlusive crisis , asthma , or avascular necrosis diminished sf-36 scale scores.
our study documents substantial impairment of hrqol in adults with scd that was influenced by only a few of many possible medical complications.
it suggests that more effective treatments of persistent pain and depression would provide the largest hrqol benefit.
reactive carbonyl compounds contribute to aging , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other neurodegenerative diseases.
among these compounds , methylglyoxal ( mg ) can yield advanced glycation end products ( ages ) , which are crucial in ad pathogenesis.
however , the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of mg neurotoxicity are not completely understood.
in the present study , sh-sy5y cells were treated with mg to induce cell death.
proteomics analysis revealed that @number@ proteins were differentially expressed in mg-treated sh-sy5y cells , of which @number@ were upregulated and @number@ were downregulated.
among them , eight proteins were identified unambiguously.
taken together , our results suggest that multiple pathways are potentially involved in mg-induced neuron death.
we have found that glaucarubinone induces oxygen consumption and reduces body fat content of c. elegans.
moreover and consistent with the concept of mitohormesis , glaucarubinone extends c. elegans lifespan when applied at a concentration of @number@ or @number@ nanomolar.
as the us population ages , more older adults will face transportation and mobility challenges.
this study examines the characteristics and contributing circumstances of nonfatal older adult pedestrian injuries.
data were obtained from the national electronic injury surveillance system-all injury programme ( neiss-aip ) for the years @number@ through @number@
cases included persons aged @number@ years and older who were nonfatally injured on a public roadway.
the results indicated that on average , an estimated @number@ older adults were treated in emergency departments each year for nonfatal pedestrian injuries.
more than @number@ older pedestrian fall-related injuries each year involved a kerb.
it is concluded that the growth in the older adult population could add to the overall burden of these nonfatal pedestrian injuries.
making transportation and mobility improvements , including environmental modifications , is important for preventing these injuries.
the ages of the older adults ranged from @number@ to @number@ years , while those of the younger adults ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
in experiment @number@ the participants haptically judged the shape of large ( @number@ cm diameter ) surfaces with an entire hand.
in contrast , in experiment @number@ the participants explored the shape of small ( @number@ cm diameter ) surfaces with a single finger.
for both types of surfaces ( large and small ) , the participants were able to judge surface shape reliably.
the older participants ' judgments of surface shape were just as accurate and precise as those of the younger participants.
inhibition of return ( ior ) is a phenomenon of attentional orienting that is indexed by slower responses to targets presented at previously attended locations.
the purpose of this study was to examine adult age differences in the distribution of ior to multiple locations.
the ior patterns varied minimally with age , consistent with the conclusion that older adults and young adults distributed inhibition in a similar manner.
aging is associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota and with immunosenescence.
the effect was statistically significant in the subpopulation of the elderly who harbored c. difficile at the start of the study.
no increase in fecal calprotectin and β-defensin concentrations suggests that the probiotic treatment did not affect intestinal inflammatory markers.
in two experiments , we examined spacing effects on the learning of bird families and metacognitive assessments of such learning.
results revealed that spacing enhanced learning beyond massed study.
these effects were increased by presenting birds in pairs so as to highlight differences among families during study ( experiment @number@ ) .
metacognitive measures revealed sensitivity to the processing advantage of spaced study and to differences in classification difficulty across categories.
no difference occurred in monitoring accuracy for young versus older adults.
these findings provide evidence for discrimination- and attention-based accounts of the spacing effect in natural concept learning.
our study was designed to determine if such collaboration benefits would remain after a one-week delay , in both younger and older adults.
a five-min delay was inserted between the first three recall trials.
the fourth recall trial was administered @number@ week later.
collaborative recall was completed in groups of three individuals working together.
everyday activities break down into parts and subparts , and appreciating this hierarchical structure is an important component of understanding.
in two experiments we found age differences in the ability to perceive hierarchical structure in continuous activity.
in both experiments , younger and older adults segmented movies of everyday activities into large and small meaningful events.
older adults performed less well than younger adults on event memory tasks.
in some cases , measures of event segmentation discriminated between those older adults with better and worse memory.
these results suggest that the hierarchical encoding of ongoing activity declines with age , and that such encoding may be important for memory.
when autobiographical memories are elicited with word cues , personal events from middle childhood to early adulthood are overrepresented compared to events from other periods.
it is , however , unclear whether these memories are also associated with greater recollection.
in this online study , we examined whether autobiographical memories from adolescence and early adulthood are recollected more than memories from other lifetime periods.
participants rated personal events that were elicited with cue words on reliving or vividness.
consistent with previous studies , most memories came from the period in which the participants were between @number@ and @number@ years old.
recent events had higher levels of reliving and vividness than remote events , and older adults reported a stronger recollective experience than younger adults.
similar increases have recently been reported in false memory for complex , realistic life events , using forensically oriented paradigms.
age improvements in the ability to connect meaning across words have been found to be necessary and sufficient for developmental increases in the drm illusion.
studies of recognition typically involve tests in which the participant's memory for a stimulus is directly questioned.
there are occasions however , in which memory occurs more spontaneously ( e.g. , an acquaintance seeming familiar out of context ) .
participants were instructed to make their recognition decision on either the picture or word and to ignore the distracting stimulus.
spontaneous recognition was measured as the influence of old vs. new distracters on target recognition.
the occurrence of spontaneous recognition is discussed in relation to ability to constrain retrieval to goal-relevant information.
experimental data were collected while twelve young and twelve older male and female participants performed maximal effort isometric and isovelocity contractions on a dynamometer.
equations were fit to the data to give torque-angle ( tθ ) and torque-angular velocity ( tω ) relations.
in both muscle groups and genders , older adults had decreased concentric force capabilities.
both df and pf tδl relations were more nonlinear in the older adults.
older pf , but not df muscles , were stiffer compared to young.
a simple antagonism model suggested age-related differences in tθ and tω relations would be magnified if antagonistic torque contributions were included.
this assessment of static , dynamic , and elastic joint properties affords a comprehensive view of age-related modifications in muscle function.
however , a large part of the mechanisms for mqc remains unknown.
here , we report additional mechanisms for mieap-regulated mqc.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) scavengers completely inhibited malm.
a mitochondrial outer membrane protein nix interacted with mieap in a ros-dependent manner via the bh3 domain of nix and the coiled-coil domain of mieap.
deficiency of nix also completely impaired malm.
the inactivation of p53 severely impaired both malm and miv generation , leading to accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria.
the accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria results in mitochondrial dysfunction , which has been implicated in aging , cancer , and a variety of degenerative diseases.
however , the mechanism by which mitochondrial quality is regulated remains unclear.
here , we show that mieap , a novel p53-inducible protein , induces intramitochondrial lysosome-like organella that plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control.
mieap expression is directly regulated by p53 and is frequently lost in human cancer as result of dna methylation.
malm was not related to canonical autophagy.
malm is involved in the degradation of oxidized mitochondrial proteins , leading to increased atp synthesis and decreased reactive oxygen species generation.
these results suggest that mieap induces intramitochondrial lysosome-like organella that plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control by eliminating oxidized mitochondrial proteins.
cancer cells might accumulate unhealthy mitochondria due to p53 mutations and / or mieap methylation , representing a potential cause of the warburg effect.
carriers of the apoe e4 allele have an increased risk of developing alzheimer's disease.
however , it is less clear whether apoe e4 status may also be involved in non-pathological cognitive ageing.
the present study investigated the associations between apoe genotypes and cognitive change over @number@ years in older community-dwelling individuals.
a polymorphic variant of tomm40 ( rs10524523 ) was included to differentiate between the effects of the apoe e3 and e4 allelic variants.
individuals with the long allelic variant of tomm40 , which is linked to apoe e4 , showed similar results.
verbal fluency was not affected by apoe e4 status.
apoe e2 status was not associated with change in cognitive performance over @number@ years.
the patient was a 28-year-old woman with bilateral pneumothorax secondary to lam who had undergone thoracoscopic surgery in another hospital.
we performed bilateral tpc modified with a preceding coverage of air leak points with polyglycolic acid sheets for reinforcement.
we believe that tpc is a safe and reliable procedure for the management of intractable pneumothorax secondary to lam.
it also has the potential to reduce risk of excessive bleeding in lung transplantation.
background and research objective : today's complex healthcare system relies heavily on sophisticated self-care regimens.
to navigate the system and follow self-care protocols , patients must be able to understand and use health information , which requires health literacy.
the purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between health literacy and self-care of patients with heart failure.
subjects and methods : patients with a diagnosis of heart failure were recruited from a variety of community settings.
spearman ρ correlations were used to assess the strength of the relationship between health literacy level and self-care scores.
health literacy had a negative relationship with self-care management ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
there was no association between health literacy and self-care confidence ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
it was unexpected to find that lower health-literate patients performed more self-care management.
brachial artery diameter and velocities were measured via doppler ultrasound at rest and during a 5-minute bout of rhythmic forearm exercise.
background : limitations in mobility are common among older adults with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disorders and have profound effects on health and well-being.
with the growing population of older adults in the united states , effective and scalable public health approaches are needed to address this problem.
the study was conducted within the community infrastructure of cooperative extension centers.
participants were randomized to @number@ of @number@ interventions : pa , wl + pa , or a successful aging ( sa ) education control arm.
the primary outcome was time to complete a 400-m walk in seconds ( 400mwt ) .
participants with poorer mobility at baseline benefited the most ( p < @number@ ) .
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00119795.
transgenic ( tg ) mouse models of alzheimer's disease have served as valuable tools for investigating pathogenic mechanisms related to aβ accumulation.
however , assessing disease status in these animals has required time-consuming behavioral assessments or postmortem neuropathological analysis.
bigenic mice exhibited an age-dependent increase in bli signals that correlated with the deposition of aβ in the brain.
bioluminescence signals began to increase in 7-mo-old tg ( crnd8 : gfap-luc ) mice and 14-mo-old tg ( app23 : gfap-luc ) mice.
with the rapid aging of the world population , the issue of skeletal health is becoming more prominent and urgent.
the bone remodeling mechanism has sparked great interest among bone research societies.
bone remodeling is thought to be partially controlled by the hypothalamus , a process which is mediated by the adrenergic nerves and neurotransmitters.
currently , new knowledge about the role of the sns in the development and pathophysiology of osteoporosis is being generated.
in addition , clinical and pharmacological studies have helped to increase the comprehension of the adrenergic signaling pathway.
we try to individually examine the contributions of the sns in osteoporotic diseases from a different perspective.
its etiology is multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition , obesity and aging.
in addition to the cartilage itself , oa also involves the surrounding tissues , including the synovium and the subchondral bone.
this study investigated the potential association between the mtdna c150t polymorphism and longevity in a han chinese population.
our results did not show a universal association between the mitochondrial c150t polymorphism and longevity in this population.
even when mtdna haplogroups defined by c150t and gender were taken into account , there was no significant association with longevity.
in conclusion , the mtdna c150t polymorphism could not present an accumulation in an elderly han chinese population.
previous association studies might have been influenced by nuclear dna and / or environment factors.
most studies on natural killer ( nk ) cells and aging have focused on overall cell numbers and global cytotoxic activity.
a decrease in the expression of activating receptors ( nkp30 and nkp46 ) was observed in nk cells in elderly individuals.
kir expression was increased only in the cd56 ( bright ) subset.
children presented similar results regarding expression of nkp30 and kir , but not nkp46.
nkg2d expression was decreased in t cells of elderly subjects.
analysis of kir genotype revealed that kir2dl5 and kir2ds3 were significantly associated with old age.
the analyses demonstrate how decline in resistance to stresses and adaptive capacity accompanying human aging can be evaluated from longitudinal data.
introduction : associated with the increase in the aging population , there is an increase in the incidence of hip fractures worldwide.
outcome following such fractures is affected by age of the patient.
this study aims to assess the incidence and early outcome of hip fractures , comparing between different age groups.
methods : data of hip fractures collected over a period of five years was analysed.
a significantly larger number of older patients lived alone and needed aids to walk before the injury ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no significant difference in the type of fracture across the three groups ( p = @number@ ) .
a higher proportion of the elderly with intracapsular fractures were treated by replacement arthroplasty.
older patients who had internal fixation of intracapsular fractures had a better walking ability at @number@ months.
the overall deterioration in mobility was greater in older patients ( p < @number@ ) .
mortality was higher in older patients.
conclusions : hip fractures are more common among females irrespective of age group.
older patients have a higher mortality and a greater deterioration of walking ability after such injuries.
internal fixation of intracapsular fractures have demonstrated satisfactory early outcome in the immediate period.
this could be attributed to retention of native bone , better propioception and shorter operation time.
indirect composite inlays were fabricated.
the specimens were randomly assigned into six groups ( n = @number@ ) .
group 3 : a @percent@ ch solution was applied before bonding with panavia f2.0.
group 4 : after ch application , the primed dentin was coated with a resin layer before cementation with panavia f2.0.
group 5 : ( control ) after applying optibond solo plus , the inlays were cemented with nexus @number@
group 6 : after etching , ch was applied , and cementation was performed similarly to group @number@
after storage , the teeth were placed in @percent@ methylene blue dye for @number@ hours , sectioned , and evaluated under a 20× stereomicroscope.
dye penetration was scored using @number@ to @number@ criteria.
data were analyzed using nonparametric tests.
the application of ch showed significantly less microleakage than that of the control group at the gingival margins of nexus @number@ after @number@ months.
in general , gingival margins showed more microleakage than occlusal margins.
similar to the entire organism , skin is subject to an unpreventable intrinsic ageing process.
additionally , skin ageing is also influenced by exogenous factors.
despite their morphological and pathophysiological differences , intrinsic and extrinsic ageing share several molecular similarities.
the formation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of matrix metalloproteinases reflect the central aspects of skin ageing.
accumulation of fragmented collagen fibrils prevents neocollagenesis and accounts for the further degradation of the extracellular matrix by means of positive feedback regulation.
the importance of extrinsic factors in skin ageing and the detection of its mechanisms have furthered the development of various therapeutic and preventive strategies.
in rodents , caloric restriction ( cr ) extends lifespan by up to @percent@.
however , attempts to mimic the effects of cr pharmacologically have been limited by our poor understanding of the mechanisms involved.
sirt1 is proposed to mediate key aspects of cr , and small molecule activators may therefore act as cr mimetics.
however , resveratrol has numerous other targets that could contribute to its health benefits.
moreover , unlike bona fide cr , resveratrol has not been shown to extend lifespan in lean mice.
overexpression of sirt1 or treatment with a novel activator is sufficient to improve metabolism , supporting the idea that resveratrol could act through this pathway.
however , the poor phenotype of sirt1 null mice has thus far precluded a more definitive test.
cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death among the elderly in the western world.
stilbenoid compounds consist of a family of resveratrol derivatives.
more recently stilbenoid compounds have shown promise in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders , such as huntington's , parkinson's , and alzheimer's diseases.
this paper primarily focuses on the impact of stilbenoids in alzheimer's disease and more specifically on the inhibition of β-amyloid peptide aggregation.
the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol are associated with its preconditioning-like action potentiated by its adaptive response.
we characterized both the age- and gender-based trends of ubt results , from early childhood through late adulthood.
data were analysed with respect to both age and gender.
results : in the studied period , @number@ ubts were performed and @number@ were positive.
after excluding multiple testing for an individual , a total of @number@ positive results were analysed.
the male / female ratio for positive ubts was @number@ : 1·77.
at this point , the values reached a nadir for both genders.
in patients older than @number@ years , old test results increased moderately ( p < 0·003 ) .
in all age groups , except 6-10 years old , females had significantly higher ubt results than males.
conclusions : the decrease in mean ubt values already occurs during the first decade of life , and results increase following the sixth decade.
females have significantly higher results than males even in early childhood and throughout old age.
when engaged in an attention-demanding task , people are surprisingly vulnerable to inattentional blindness the failure to notice an unexpected event.
two theories of cognitive aging , attentional capacity models and inhibitory deficit models , make opposite predictions about age differences in susceptibility to inattentional blindness.
these results are compatible with attentional capacity models of cognitive aging but not with current inhibitory deficit models.
a meta-analysis of @number@ published articles ( with @number@ independent participant groups ) was conducted to analyze the relationship between task-switching effects and aging.
latency served as the dependent measure.
multilevel modeling was used to test for additive and multiplicative complexity effects in local and global switch costs.
global task switching was found to add @number@ or more stages to processing and resulted in a marked age deficit.
local task-switching costs , on the other hand , showed a multiplicative complexity effect but no specific attention-related age deficits.
cueing or switch predictability did not affect age differences.
parallels between nursing practices of the past and present are discussed.
this article reports the development and testing of the successful aging inventory ( sai ) .
two hundred participants completed two versions of the sai , a likert format and dichotomous format.
both versions of the sai had acceptable psychometric properties.
principal components analysis resulted in five factors for the likert version , accounting for @percent@ of the variance.
three focus groups were held with nine mental health professionals who work with sea elders.
jorm's mental health literacy framework guided the study theoretically.
for data analysis , grounded theory was employed by utilizing max qda2.
the findings indicated that cultural beliefs of sea elders impact their ability to understand , recognize , and respond to depression.
barriers to treatment were identified and recommendations were made to reduce mental health disparity in this elderly population.
the aim of this research was to examine attitudinal barriers to the employment of taiwanese older workers ( aged @number@ and above ) .
face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using structured questionnaires from a sample of full-time employees ( n = @number@ ) .
the sample is @number@ adult children from norway , spain , and israel , countries selected because they represent different family cultures and welfare regimes.
country context had a differential impact.
in israel , affectual solidarity was more strongly associated with amount of help.
analyzing data from @number@ respondents to a randomly distributed questionnaire , this article focuses on the motivational importance of social norms.
modeling employs the theory of planned behavior , and also finds injunctive social norm has predictive primacy over attitude and perceived behavioral control.
discussion advocates a balanced approach to intervention design , and identifies opportunities for the further study of normative message framing.
clinical anatomy of trigeminal nerve root was investigated on @number@ cadaver human skull base specimen.
@number@ parameters of trigeminal nerve roots were analyzed.
we demonstrated that mean length and diameter of trigeminal nerve root did not change with age.
trigeminal nerve root entry zone is located inside pioarachnoidal infundibulum subpial cavity.
we found that pioarachnoidal infundibulum was prone to age-related involutive changes.
tourette's syndrome ( ts ) is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics as well as psychiatric comorbidities.
disturbances of the fronto-striatal-thalamic pathways responsible for motor control and impulse inhibition have been previously described in other studies.
although differences in motor performance are well recognized , imaging data elucidating the neuronal correlates are scarce.
patients and controls were asked to perform a sequential finger-tapping task using their right , left , and both hands , respectively.
task performance was monitored by simultaneous mr-compatible video recording.
in addition , performance-related functional connectivity of lower- and higher-order motor networks differed between patients and controls.
we found reliable hippocampal signal response across both block- and event-related designs in the right hippocampus.
comparable reliability in hippocampal activation was found in the full and the abbreviated paradigm.
similar reliability in hippocampal activation was observed across both cdr groups overall , but the cdr @number@ group was more variable in left hippocampal activity.
task-related deactivation in the precuneus demonstrated much greater variability than hippocampal activation in all analyses.
we collected data on brain structural and asl perfusion mri in @number@ healthy children aged 5-18 years.
structural mri data were segmented and normalized , applying a voxel-based morphometric analysis.
perfusion mri was normalized using the normalization parameter of the corresponding structural mri.
the correlation between bp-gmd and age showed an inverted u shape followed by a u-shaped trajectory in most regions.
methods of estimation and inference about survival distributions based on length-biased samples are well-established.
we also investigate the empirical bias of estimators arising from a joint likelihood when the population covariate distribution is misspecified.
the asymptotic relative efficiencies and empirical biases under model misspecification are assessed for both proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models.
while it influences all body systems , it is particularly important for the brain and is typically characterized using measures of brain electrical activity.
sleep undergoes predictable changes across the lifespan , with notably dramatic alterations occurring during adolescence and with old age.
the required model parameters were estimated based on available results of human and experimental animal studies.
the failure of clearance mechanisms to eliminate aβ from the brain contributes to the development of sporadic caa and ad.
age-related alterations in the levels of laminin , fibronectin and perlecan in vascular basement membranes were also noted in wild-type mice.
these data support the hypothesis that perivascular solute drainage from the brain is altered both in the ageing brain and as a consequence of caa.
these findings have implications for the success of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ad that rely upon the health of the ageing cerebral vasculature.
a fraction of this ps is shed into the extracellular milieu.
both ps externalization and shedding are modulated by the oxidative state of the cells.
the intracellular ca content was modulated by the ca ionophore a23187 and by varying the ca concentration in the medium.
background : in the past decades knowledge on adequate treatment of affective disorders and awareness of the negative consequences of long-term benzodiazepine use increased.
therefore , a decrease in benzodiazepine use is expected , particularly in prolonged use.
the aim of this study was to assess time trends in benzodiazepine use.
long-term use remained high with @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@ of total benzodiazepine use.
more effort should be made to decrease prolonged benzodiazepine use in this middle-aged group , because of the increasing risks with ageing.
there is increasing evidence to suggest that elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen are associated with late-life cognitive performance.
this study tested the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fibrinogen α ( fga ) and β ( fgb ) genes with cognitive performance.
cognition was assessed using a battery of five , seven , and four psychometric tests , respectively.
this information was used to derive a general cognitive factor.
these findings suggest a tentative role for fibrinogen as a determinant of late-life cognitive performance and justify further attempts at replication in older persons.
we designed this retrospective study to assess effect of hcv on the outcome of patients with ah.
methods : medical charts of patients with a discharge diagnosis of ah ( defined using rigorous clinical criteria ) were reviewed.
patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of concomitant hcv infection.
the disease severity was estimated at admission and at day @number@ using model for end-stage disease and discriminant function index scores.
patient survival at @number@ months was confirmed with the county death registry.
results : a total of @number@ ( @number@ hcv positive ) ah cases were analyzed.
although severity scores at day @number@ were not available for all patients , disease severity tended to be worse for patients with ah + hcv.
conclusion : hcv may be a risk factor for patients with ah with a worse outcome at @number@ months.
other cohorts with similar data included the cardiovascular health study , the framingham heart study , and the new england centenarian study.
pulse pressure and triglycerides were lower , high density lipids were higher , and a perceptual speed task and gait speed were better in llfs.
these findings suggest several priority phenotypes for inclusion in future genetic analysis to identify loci contributing to exceptional survival.
age-related dopamine ( da ) losses have been extensively demonstrated for the d2 receptor subtype.
comparatively little is known about adult age changes regarding d1 receptors.
interregional correlations of binding potential ( bp ) values were high for areas within da pathways in younger and elderly adults alike.
as part of a clinical-pathologic project , older people completed a standard odor identification test at study entry.
lewy bodies were identified with antibodies to alpha-synuclein and classified as nigral , limbic , or neocortical based on their distribution in @number@ brain regions.
odor identification scores ranged from @number@ to @number@ correct ( mean = @number@ standard deviation = @number@ ) .
on neuropathologic examination , @number@ persons had lewy bodies ( @number@ neocortical , @number@ limbic , and @number@ nigral ) .
results were comparable in analyses that controlled for dementia or parkinsonism during the study or postmortem measures of plaques and tangles or nigral cell loss.
a final set of analyses suggested that impaired olfactory performance may aid detection of underlying lewy body disease.
the findings indicate that lewy body disease impairs late life olfactory function even in otherwise asymptomatic individuals.
although category-specific activation for faces in the ventral visual pathway appears adult-like in adolescence , recognition abilities for individual faces are still immature.
we investigated how the ability to represent \ "individual \ " faces and houses develops at the neural level.
then , using an functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation paradigm , we measured category selectivity and individual-level adaptation for faces and houses in each roi.
only adults exhibited both category selectivity and individual-level adaptation bilaterally for faces in the fg and for houses in the ppa.
adolescents showed category selectivity bilaterally for faces in the fg and houses in the ppa.
arsenic trioxide ( ato ) as an anti-tumor drug could induce differentiation and apoptosis in tumor cells.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) play important roles in the hematogenesis of bone marrow.
many reports have shown that the disorder of msc adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation occurs in some diseases.
however , reports about the effects of ato on mscs are limited.
furthermore , ato promoted adipogenic differentiation , but inhibited osteogenic differentiation in mscs.
our results indicated that ato may exert an anti-tumor effect by influencing bone marrow micro-environment.
moreover , it may regulate the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mscs.
background : the need for access to high-quality palliative care at the end of life is becoming of increasing public health concern.
the majority of deaths in the uk occur in acute hospitals , and older people are particularly likely to die in this setting.
however , little is known about the barriers to palliative care provision for older people within acute hospitals.
objective : to explore the perspectives of health professionals regarding barriers to optimal palliative care for older people in acute hospitals.
methods : fifty-eight health professionals participated in eight focus groups and four semi-structured interviews.
conclusions : numerous barriers exist to the provision of high-quality palliative care for older people within acute hospital settings.
additional research is now required to further explore age-related issues contributing to poor access to palliative care.
context : the optimal treatment strategy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains controversial.
objective : to determine optimal combination of chemotherapy and surgery aimed at preserving survival of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.
evidence acquisition : we performed a critical review of the published abstract and presentation literature on combined modality therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
we emphasized articles of the highest scientific level , combining radical cystectomy and perioperative chemotherapy with curative intent to affect overall and disease-specific survival.
neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens have been evaluated , as well as the quality of cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.
adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery is also effective when therapeutic doses can be given in a timely fashion.
an aging , comorbid , and often unfit population increasingly affected by bladder cancer poses significant challenges in management of individual patients.
if hcrt mediates the disease process , narcoleptics should be protected against ad.
we examined the postmortem neuropathology and clinical records of @number@ sequentially encountered cases of human narcolepsy.
we found that ad was present in @number@ of these narcoleptics , a prevalence that is similar to that of the general population.
frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) is a common cause of dementia especially in patients under the age of @number@
ftld has a high incidence of heritability with as many as @percent@ of patients reporting a family history of disease.
recently , the first genome wide association study was performed using only ftld patients with a pathologically confirmed tdp-43 pathology.
here we have undertaken an attempt to replicate the association of these loci in ftld cohorts of british origin.
we failed to detect any association of tmem106b in the manchester or london cohort either when analyzed individually or when combined.
association was also observed in the london cohort but in the opposite direction.
combining the @number@ datasets yielded no association.
analysis of the chromosome @number@ locus , revealed strong association in the london ftld cohort and the manchester ftld + als cases.
these data confirm that ftld and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) share a common genetic risk factor on chromosome 9p.
two hundred fifty-four older community dwellers ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging , csrt tests , neuropsychological and sensorimotor assessments.
wmh volumes were quantified using an automated method.
wmh volumes were significantly associated with neuropsychological tests and dual task csrt performance.
all neuropsychological and sensorimotor variables were also significantly associated with standard and dual task csrt.
the structural equation modeling revealed that impaired sensorimotor function was the only factor influencing impaired stepping performances in the standard condition.
in the dual task condition , the association between wmhs and csrt was mediated through slowed cognitive processing and not through reduced sensorimotor functioning.
studies have reported an increased risk of developing diabetes in subjects receiving statins versus placebo.
however , only atorvastatin increased the glycated albumin levels from baseline ( @percent@ for atorvastatin vs @percent@ for rosuvastatin , p = @number@ ) .
our analyses revealed that at advance ages , gc-poor genes appear to be induced while gc-rich genes are repressed.
finally , an innovative approach on investigating human aging process is suggested , which involves the base composition of genes.
background & aims : associations of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels with a variety of incident diseases and mortality have been suggested.
sociodemographics and other health-related information were collected during the exam.
vital status follow-up was conducted through @number@
results : a total of @number@ deaths occurred during @number@ person-years of follow-up.
some characteristics of the observed patterns need to be seen in the context of our cohort , featuring particularly high γ-gt levels.
background : the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall.
vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels.
we investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in human abdominal aortic aneurysm affect their anticoagulant properties.
glycosaminoglycan composition , concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined.
arterial segments of aged patient with severe atherosclerosis showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to aneurysms samples.
conclusion : the anticoagulant activity from abdominal aortic aneurysms is preserved.
no modifications particular to the aneurysms were dissociated from those observed in atherosclerosis.
in this model , deficits in hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation ( ltp ) were observed.
the decline in ltp correlated with decreased expression of nmdar subunits nr2a and nr2b.
the deficits in ltp were accompanied by changes in the expression and function of synaptic ampars.
background : to examine outcomes after pelvic exenteration in women treated with modern chemoradiation and surgical techniques.
the majority of patients ( @percent@ ) were initially treated with external beam whole-pelvic radiation with concurrent cisplatin.
@number@ patients ( @percent@ ) underwent exenteration for a central pelvic recurrence , and the remaining @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) for radiation necrosis.
the median time spent in the icu post-operatively was @number@ days.
one patient ( @percent@ ) died during her post-operative hospital stay.
the mean ebl overall was @number@ cc and the mean operative time was @number@ min.
after exenteration , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were diagnosed with a recurrence of cancer , and the mean progression free survival was @number@ months.
conclusions : approximately @percent@ of women develop recurrence following exenterations done after chemoradiation.
survival is significantly longer in patients who necessitate exenteration greater than @number@ years out from initial treatment.
electrothermal bipolar coagulation appears to significantly reduce blood loss during these surgeries.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common progressive form of dementia in aged people.
aged dogs are known to suffer from cognitive dysfunction and this state is associated with deposition of aβ in the brain.
the aim of the present study was to investigate tau phosphorylation of neurons and astrocytes in the brain of aged dogs with progressive cognitive impairment.
astrocytes with expression of p-tau ser396 and neurons with co-localization of p-tau ser396 and ubiquitin were observed.
the occurrence of depression in patients with coronary heart disease ( chd ) substantially increases the likelihood of a poorer cardiovascular prognosis.
although antidepressants are generally effective in decreasing depression , their use in patients with chd is controversial.
seven articles on @number@ rcts involving @number@ participants were included.
one study incorrectly randomized participants , and another was a reanalysis of rct data.
these were considered observational and analyzed separately.
a significantly greater improvement in depression symptoms was always apparent in patients on ssris with all selected indicators.
in conclusion , in patients with chd and depression , ssri medication decreases depression symptoms and may improve chd prognosis.
in brazil , this study is evaluating the elderly population ( @number@ years or more ) in são paulo since @number@
the intergroup analysis used was the logistic regression.
results : total of @number@ men was interviewed , mean age @number@ years.
conclusion : this is one of the pioneering studies that assess only the male population , showing that nocturia was not significantly associated with falls.
a state-sponsored evaluation of aging in place ( aip ) as an alternative to assisted living and nursing home has been underway in missouri.
cost , physical , and mental health assessment data reveal the cost-effectiveness and positive health measures of aip.
both mental health and physical health measures indicate the health restoration and independence effectiveness of the aip model for long-term care.
in @number@ the american association of colleges of nursing ( aacn ) adopted a position statement concerning the future of advanced practice nursing education.
a target date of @number@ was articulated as the point by which master's preparation for advanced practice nurses would be replaced by doctoral level education.
unprecedented economic challenges have resulted in significant budget downturns for all sectors , including higher education.
this article addresses the changing realities and growing concerns associated with the future of advanced practice nursing.
octogenarians ( ≥80 years ) were stratified into isolated primary coronary bypass graft , aortic valve , mitral valve , or combined operation.
preoperative risks , outcomes , and costs were analyzed.
case-mix adjusted models for mortality and major complication rate were developed.
results : we examined @number@ patients , of which @number@ were octogenarians ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
among octogenarians mortality was similar despite the operation.
despite the fewest complications , mitral valve operation had the highest total costs ( p < @number@ ) .
type of operation was not predictive of mortality or major complication rate.
however , age , female gender , emergent status , and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were independently associated with death despite risk-adjustment.
conclusions : advanced age confers increased risks and incrementally higher costs in patients undergoing cardiac operations.
isolated mitral and combined procedures have the highest complications and costs.
any proposed cardiac operation in octogenarians mandates careful consideration of resource utilization.
methods : echocardiography was performed in @number@ normal subjects who were divided into five groups according to age.
dynamic aortic root diameters were measured and normalized to body surface area.
averages of these dynamic diameters were calculated for each age group and by gender , and differences between them were tested.
correlation coefficients were also determined between the dynamic diameters and age , body surface area , weight , and height.
aortic root diameters were also tested and compared between the end-diastole and the mid-systole.
results : normalized diameters for the dynamic aortic root varied among the age groups.
there were apparent relationships between the dynamic diameters and age , body surface area , weight , and height ( p < @number@ ) .
the normalized diameters were similar between both genders within each age group ( p > @number@ ) .
each part of the aortic root expanded and contracted proportionally and harmoniously during the cardiac cycle.
the results are of applicable value to aortic valve repair.
rothmund-thomson syndrome ( rts ) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging , developmental abnormalities , and a predisposition to cancer.
rts is caused by mutations in the recql4 gene , which encodes one of the five human recq helicases.
upon exposure to dox , cells stopped growing and underwent apoptosis.
smaller fragments of the n-terminal region of recql4 did not rescue the cells from lethality.
falls in the elderly constitute a growing public health problem.
the wbv group performed exercises on a vibration platform 3× / week.
balance was evaluated by computerized posturography.
functionality was assessed by @number@ m walk test , timed up and go ( tug ) performance and endurance capacity ( shuttle walk ) .
fall risk was determined with the physiological profile assessment.
performance on the @number@ m walk test and on tug improved over time in all groups.
for none of the parameters , high-dose vitamin d resulted in a better performance than conventional dosing.
this trial showed that a high-dose vitamin d supplementation is not more efficient than conventional dosing in improving functionality in institutionalized elderly.
wbv training on top of vitamin d supplementation provided an added benefit with regard to walking , tug performance , and endurance capacity.
it is well known that ankle joint power generation ( a2 ) is reduced in healthy older adults ( og ) during gait.
the failure to control gait speed may account for this lack of agreement.
this study investigated the effect of aging on lower limb joint power and work during gait.
speed did not differ between the groups.
combining speeds , the og generated @percent@ less a2 power and @percent@ less a2 work ( p < 0.05 ) .
these actions by the og were associated with less ankle plantar-flexion , more hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt ( p < 0.05 ) .
the og adopted a different gait pattern at the faster speeds by generating more h3 work than a2 work.
this shows the og rely on hip flexors to propel the leg into swing when ankle plantar-flexor function is reduced.
this may partly explain how gait changes emerge with aging.
cost containment and accessibility of ascertainment methods are enhanced by well-validated and reliable methods such as screening for cognitive impairment by telephone interviews.
establishing methods for ascertainment of dementia and cognitive impairment that are accurate and also cost-effective is a challenging enterprise.
clinical and epidemiological cohorts , intensively assessed , provide more sensitive detection of less severe cognitive impairment but are often costly.
in this article , several approaches to ascertainment are evaluated for validity , reliability , and cost.
adams , a resource-intense sub-study of the health and retirement study , was designed to provide diagnostic accuracy among persons with more advanced dementia.
a proposal to streamline future adams assessments is offered.
these approaches are intended for intensively assessed epidemiological cohorts where goal is valid and reliable case detection with efficient and cost-effective tools.
methods : we considered how differences in diagnostic criteria may have contributed to these differences in ad prevalence.
results : we identified several important differences in diagnostic criteria that may have contributed to the differing estimates of ad prevalence.
two factors were especially noteworthy.
conclusion : the diagnosis of ad in population studies is a complex process.
several methods of estimating prevalence of dementia are presented in this article.
the choice of incidence rates on which to build the estimates may be critical.
brookmeyer used incidence rates from several published studies , whereas the chap investigators applied the incidence rates observed in their own cohort.
adams obtained direct estimates by relying on probability sampling nationwide.
ebshp relied on projection of localized prevalence estimates to the national population.
the sampling techniques of adams and ebshp were rather similar , whereas their disease definitions were not.
choice of disease definition may play the larger role in explaining differences in observed prevalence between these studies.
improved accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of ad is anticipated with the addition of molecular and structural biomarkers in the next generation of epidemiological studies.
the growing societal and individual burden of dementia means that counting the cases of dementia is critical.
there are several approaches and methods that can be used to identify dementia cases.
the choice of going deep or wide depends on the goal of the ascertainment.
these goals are discussed , as well as the emerging issues that may change the way dementia cases are classified.
major research effort in both the united states and europe has been targeted toward understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of dementia.
this article presents a general overview of the history of dementia research in europe and how it compares with that in the united states.
the review highlights the common issues which both u.s. and european researchers have identified and attempted to tackle.
to maximize information gained from studies across the world , better harmonization of methodology is needed , as informed from current research practice.
in particular , changes in cortical thickness may index maturational progressions from an overabundance of neuropil toward efficiently pruned neural networks.
developmental changes in structural mri measures have rarely been examined in relation to discrete neuropsychological functions.
in this study , healthy right-handed adolescents completed mri scanning and the controlled oral word association test ( cowat ) .
associations of task performance and cortical thickness were assessed with cortical-surface-based analyses.
task performance was also correlated with regions associated with effortful verbal processing , working memory , and performance monitoring.
structure-function associations were not significantly different between older and younger subjects.
decreases in cortical thicknesses in regions that comprise the language network likely reflect maturation toward adult-like cortical organization and processing efficiency.
t1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in @number@ ma and @number@ oa adults from respective random community samples.
cortical volumes and thickness were measured with a surface-based segmentation procedure ( @url@
volumes of lateral frontal grey matter were found to be significantly lower for oa than ma.
structure-function relationships were investigated using path analyses.
smaller frontal cortical thickness was also associated with better em ( p < 0.01 ) and sdm ( p < 0.01 ) performance in oa.
oa cohort showed significant positive correlations between total brain volume and sdm , digit-backwards span and rt.
possible explanations and implications of the relationships in the context of cognitive aging in healthy adults , and limitations of cross-sectional research are discussed.
gene therapy is a rapidly growing approach for the treatment of various diseases.
to achieve successful gene therapy , a gene delivery system is necessary to overcome several barriers in the extracellular and intracellular spaces.
polymers , peptides , liposomes and nanoparticles developed as gene carriers have achieved efficient cellular uptake of genes.
among these carriers , cationic polymers and peptides have been further developed as intracellular organelle-targeted delivery systems.
the cytoplasm , nucleus and mitochondria have been considered primary targets for gene delivery using targeting moieties or environment-responsive materials.
in this review , we explore recently developed non-viral gene carriers based on reducible systems specialized to target the cytoplasm , nucleus and mitochondria.
low blood levels of b vitamins have been implicated in age-associated cognitive impairment.
the present study investigated the association between genetic variation in folate metabolism and age-related cognitive decline in the ninth decade of life.
apoe e4 allele carrier status did not interact with mthfr genotype in affecting change in cognitive performance over @number@ years.
no significant combined effect of the two polymorphisms was found.
mutations of human mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) have also been identified in malignant tumors of the skin and of other organs.
however , benign skin lesions have not yet been investigated.
all sk and four of five en displayed reduced common deletion levels compared with adjacent normal skin.
largely because of low life expectancy , indigenous australians are considered to be ageing from the age of @number@ years.
however , little is known about the needs and views of this unique group as they age.
the aim of the study was to explore perspectives of older indigenous australians about their health and wellbeing.
data were analysed using a phenomenological approach.
discussion : engaging in meaningful occupations to support culturally valued roles were key elements in strengthening identity and facilitating personal , family and community health.
health and wellbeing were perceived as multidimensional concepts by participants , which did not always match available services primarily developed for non-indigenous populations.
culturally sensitive health services are needed to meet the needs of older indigenous people.
ageing well was associated with participating in family and community roles , connection with community networks and managing the effects of chronic health problems.
further research is needed to determine how health services can support , identity and promote health for older indigenous australians.
abstract objective.
material and methods.
we examined @number@ subjects ( @percent@ women ) aged 59-96 years.
periodontitis was defined by alveolar bone loss assessed from panoramic radiographs.
results.
pixi calcaneus t-values ≤-2.5 ( osteoporosis ) were found in @percent@ of women and in @percent@ of men.
pixi calcaneus t-values < -1.6 ( osteoporosis , adjusted ) were found in @percent@ of women and in @percent@ of men.
periodontitis was found in @percent@ of subjects defined by alveolar bone level ≥5 mm.
conclusions.
an association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was only confirmed in women.
the likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted pixi t-values is significant.
background.
low serum total cholesterol is frequently associated with worse survival in older people , but mechanisms of this association are poorly understood.
aims.
characteristics of cholesterol metabolism were related to survival in a random @number@ + population sample.
methods.
results.
total cholesterol declined in old age , and low cholesterol was associated with poor health and multi-morbidity.
lathosterol ( indicating cholesterol synthesis ) and sitosterol ( indicating cholesterol absorption ) also decreased with deteriorating health.
low lathosterol , sitosterol , and cholesterol predicted mortality additively and independently of each other.
conclusion.
lower synthesis and absorption of cholesterol , and low serum cholesterol level are associated with deteriorating health and indicate impaired survival in old age.
at the start of the 21st century , the human genome project provided the scientific community with an enormous array of information as genetic blueprints.
a landmark period , yet its potential contribution to medicine at the time was limited and unknown.
however , with new technological advances , the benefits of identifying genomic profiles became apparent.
older individuals show decline of prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) functions which may be related to altered dopaminergic neurotransmission.
in a double-blind , placebo-controlled within-subject design , subjects were measured after levodopa ( @number@ mg ) or placebo administration.
in each session , subjects performed a visual-spatial interference task based on a stroop / simon-like paradigm.
increased interference was found behaviorally in older volunteers.
differential activation in left dorsolateral pfc in young subjects and bilateral pfc activity in older subjects was observed to be associated with interference control.
performance deteriorated under levodopa only in young subjects.
this was accompanied by an increase of neural activity in acc ( p < @number@ small-volume correction for multiple comparisons ) .
worsening of performance under levodopa in young subjects and the associated effect on acc may indicate that overstimulation of the dopaminergic system compromises interference control.
this supports the inverted-u-shaped model of neurotransmitter action.
we investigated invariant perception to sizes of images.
observers were schoolmates of 7-17 years and adults.
in experiments with fragmented images , we found an improvement in image recognition with observers ' age , increasing up to 13-14 years.
however , size invariance was found for observers of 13-17 years and for adults in this task.
at kanizsa illusion appearance , the ratio of the separation between discs and disc diameter was smaller when we used larger disc diameters.
this ratio increased with increasing age of observers.
obtained results provide evidence for the absence of size invariance when perceiving the kanizsa illusion in our experimental conditions.
chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis.
we examined whether clinical findings or serum igg antibody titers to periodontal bacteria are risk factors for the development of periodontitis recurrence.
case-control study showed that there were significant differences between the stable and recurrence groups in age and number of teeth.
the serum igg antibody titer to eikenella corrodens fdc1073 , porphyromonas gingivalis su63 , and campylobacter rectus atcc33238 was significantly higher in the recurrence group.
taken together , serum igg antibody titer test is useful in the prognosis of periodontitis recurrence during the spt phase.
the sirtuin family of proteins consists of seven members in mammals ( sirt1-t7 ) .
sirtuins share nad dependency for their enzymatic activity , but some show nad-dependent deacetylase activity , others exhibit adp ribosyltransferase activity or both.
sirtuins have gained considerable attention due to their impact as physiological targets for treating diseases associated with aging.
sirtuins interact with metabolic pathways and may serve as entry points for drugs.
this review discusses the biology of sirtuins and their potential as mediators of caloric restriction and pharmacological targets.
reduced insulin sensitivity , mitochondrial dysfunction , and others are consequences of aging or secondary to physical inactivity.
moreover , understanding human energy metabolism through sirtuins may provide a novel approach to exercise physiology.
quercetin , a natural polyphenolic flavonoid that has been widely investigated for its other health benefits , may act as an inducer of sirt1.
the benefits of quercetin for exercise performance may have implications for athletes and extended to disease prevention.
increasing age is associated with a reduction in overall heart rate variability as well as changes in complexity of physiologic dynamics.
the unpaired t test ( or mann-whitney rank sum test when appropriate ) was used in the statistical analysis.
in the aging process , the distributions of patterns ( se ) remain similar to young subjects.
the amounts of pattern types are different : @date@ is increased and 2lv and 2ulv are reduced in the old group.
these differences indicate marked change of autonomic regulation.
the ce and sa are feasible techniques to detect alteration in autonomic control of heart rate in the old group.
changes in hematological and serum chemistry values have been identified among older compared to younger humans.
we hypothesized that healthy bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops truncatus ) @number@ years and older may demonstrate similar clinicopathological changes with increasing age.
absolute lymphocytes , serum globulins , and mean platelet volume increased linearly with increasing old age.
a linear decrease in serum albumin with increasing age was present for five of six animals.
serum creatinine decreased among dolphins older than @number@ years compared to when they were 30-40 years old.
our study demonstrates that older dolphins have changes in hematological and serum chemistry values similar to those found in older humans.
as such , bottlenose dolphins may serve as a useful comparative model for aging in humans.
small ubiquitin-related modifiers ( sumos ) are important regulator proteins.
caenorhabditis elegans contains a single sumo ortholog , smo-1 , necessary for the reproduction of c. elegans.
interestingly , muscular overexpression of sumo-1 or @number@ resulted in morphological changes of the posterior part of the nematode.
movement , reproduction and aging of c. elegans were perturbed by the overexpression of sumo-1 or @number@
genome-wide expression analyses revealed that several genes encoding components of sumoylation pathway and ubiquitin-proteasome system were upregulated in sumo-overexpressing nematodes.
aging is associated with low-grade inflammation.
twenty-one elderly women ( mean age ± sd , @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in @number@ weeks of resistance exercise training.
of the results were significant after applying a bonferroni correction.
resistance training may assist in maintaining or improving muscle volume and reducing low-grade inflammation.
all patients affected by bell's palsy within the health district and four controls for each case were included.
controls were selected from other ent patients , and were matched for hospital admission , week of disease onset , and climate conditions.
information regarding possible risk factors was collected using standardized telephone interviews.
the resulting dataset was analyzed using multiple conditional logistic regression.
the cumulative incidence of bell's palsy was found to be @number@.3 / 100.000 / year.
bell's palsy was found to occur with an annual incidence close to previous reports.
among the possible known risk factors ( diabetes , pregnancy , etc. ) , only aging was found to play a significant role.
specifically , the similar hypoestrogenic hormonal milieu present during postpartum lactation provides biologic advantages ( fitness ) to both mother and newborn.
recent findings : the inconsistency in defining nhap is considered a potential hindrance for a uniform approach to the management of pneumonia.
diagnostic evaluation varies between facilities and depends on severity of illness and access to laboratory facilities.
summary : a unified approach to defining , assessing , and stratifying pneumonia is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality in nursing home residents.
high-quality randomized , controlled trials examining empiric antibiotic therapy are needed.
our purpose was to review the impact of age on the prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) .
recent findings : many studies in patients with cap have suggested that chronological age is not necessarily independently associated with mortality.
studies accounting for this over-adjustment suggest that age is , in fact , independently associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with cap.
other outcomes including hospitalization and readmission rates , hospital length of stay , and cost of care are similarly associated with increasing age.
residual confounding is still a problem in many of the observational studies reviewed.
summary : contrary to conventional wisdom , chronological age is independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cap.
melanocytic matricoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm of presumed anagen hair follicle origin with approximately @number@ reported cases in the literature.
we report a new case with additional histopathologic features not previously described.
an 82-year-old white man presented with an exophytic papule of the ear clinically suspicious for basal cell carcinoma.
an unusual feature in this case included prominent melanocytic proliferation with associated nuclear atypia and increased mitotic activity.
the biologic significance of atypical melanocytic proliferations within melanocytic matricomas is uncertain and requires further study of additional cases and long-term follow-up.
mitochondrial dysfunction has severe cellular consequences and is linked with neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
maintaining a healthy population of mitochondria is thus essential for proper cellular homeostasis.
several strategies have evolved to prevent and limit mitochondria damage , and macroautophagy plays a role in degrading superfluous or severely damaged mitochondria.
selective removal of mitochondria by autophagy ( termed mitophagy ) has been extensively studied recently in both yeast and mammalian cells.
in this review , we summarize our current knowledge of mitophagy.
we also compare the molecular process of mitophagy with other types of specific autophagic pathways and discuss its biological importance.
will , purpose , and volition have long been viewed as either causes of behavior or of no direct consequence to behavior.
objectives : to assess the prevalence of hypertension ( htn ) in a random sample of individuals in jeddah , kingdom of saudi arabia.
subjects and methods : a total of @number@ participants were randomly selected at a megamall in jeddah , on @date@ .
notably , accurate blood pressure measurements were performed on all the participants.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were hypertensive.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were males and @number@ ( @percent@ ) females.
the probability of having htn was significantly higher with increasing age with @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the participants > 50 years of age.
similarly , htn increased proportionately with the participant's body mass index.
conclusions : the occurrence of htn was high and was strongly associated with diabetes , the aging process and obesity.
this study examines the relationship between systemic inflammation and mci subtypes.
pai-1 levels were higher in cognitively normal and nonamnestic multiple domain mci than in amnestic multiple domain mci.
aims : we examined the individual association between body mass index ( bmi ) and cognitive function among the very elderly.
results : the subjects included in the statistical analysis were @number@ men and @number@ women.
conclusions : concerning longevity in chinese , there is an association between bmi and cognitive function.
bmi of around @number@ ( @date@ @number@ ) is associated with the lowest risk of prevalence of possible dementia and the highest cognitive function scores.
it is projected that in the 21st century , the majority of the world's older people will be living in asia.
this paper examines the global issues of family caregiving for older persons with dementia from an asian perspective.
methods : literature review of published empirical studies from @number@ to @date@ .
well-designed psychoeducation interventions or multicomponent interventions could help in reducing caregivers ' burden.
with socio-economical and demographical changes , families need to be supported when taking on the caregiving role and be offered alternatives of care.
conclusion : there is a need for future trials with more rigorous randomization and longitudinal follow-up to assess family caregiver burdens at different illness stages.
future studies could focus on protective factors that promote caregivers ' resilience.
it is essential to develop psychometrically robust measures for family caregiver burden and gain.
parkinson disease ( pd ) is second only to alzheimer disease as the most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans.
despite intense investigations , no effective therapy is available to halt the progression of pd.
background : preservation of cognitive abilities is required to have a good quality of life.
the predictive value of cognitive functioning at @number@ years old on successful ageing @number@ years later is not established.
methods : nine hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were sent by mail to a sample of healthy and voluntary french pensioners.
successful ageing was defined through health status and well-being.
results : six hundred and eighty-six questionnaires could be analysed.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years old with @percent@ of women and @percent@ lived at home.
there is a negative correlation between anxious and cognitive complaints measured at baseline , and successful ageing indicators @number@ years later.
conclusion : preservation of cognitive abilities at the age of retirement can predict a successful ageing @number@ years later.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00759304.
background : the costs of delivering health and social care services are rising as the population ages and more people live with chronic diseases.
design : analysis of pseudonymous , person-level , data extracted from the administrative data systems of local health and social care organisations.
setting : five primary care trust areas in england and their associated councils with social services responsibilities.
subjects : people aged @number@ or older registered continuously with a general practitioner in five selected areas of england ( n = @number@ ) .
methods : multivariate statistical analysis using a split sample of data.
results : it was possible to construct models that predicted which people would begin receiving intensive social care in the coming @number@ months.
conclusions : predictive models can be constructed that use linked , routine health and social care data for case finding in social care settings.
distances walked during @number@ s and numbers of category exemplars generated in the semantic fluency task showed an inverted u-shape function with age.
only 9-year olds showed significant costs in the cognitive task.
individual differences in single-task performance accounted for more than half of the variance in dual-task performance.
reliable age-related residual variance implicated additional factors particularly in children's developing multi-tasking performances.
its incidence is 1-4 per @number@ million newborns.
children with progeria syndrome usually appear normal at birth and in early infancy.
profound failure to thrive occurs during the 1st year.
motor and mental development is normal.
patients develop severe atherosclerosis.
death occurs as a result of complications of cardiac or cerebrovascular disease ( heart attack or stroke ) generally between ages @number@ and @number@ years.
we present here @number@ patients aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ years referred to genetic consultation for dysmorphic facies and failure to thrive.
after careful clinical examination and paraclinical assessment , the diagnosis of progeria syndrome was raised.
we discuss the geneticist's role in the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic syndromes and their genetic counseling.
we also analyze the clinical spectrum of hgps by comparing the @number@ patients.
previous studies suggest that aging is associated with impairment of attention.
however , it is not known whether this represents a global attentional deficit or relates to a specific attentional network.
impairment of the orienting network was found to be insignificant.
purpose : we estimated the prevalence of nocturia in the united states male population and identified associated factors.
getting up @number@ or more times at night to urinate was coded as nocturia.
prevalence and prevalence odds ratios were estimated from a multivariable logistic regression analysis using appropriate sampling weights.
results : the prevalence of nocturia was @percent@ ( weighted @percent@ ci @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : after adjusting for age and race norms nocturia was common among united states men.
nonhispanic black men had greater odds of nocturia even when controlling for other factors.
resilience is described as the ability to achieve , retain , or regain a level of physical or emotional health after illness or loss.
the resilience scale was specifically developed to measure personality characteristics of resilience in older adults.
data from two independent samples of older adults were used.
recent evidence suggests that unawareness of an olfactory deficit may predict which mci patients will subsequently meet ad criteria.
however , important methodological limitations challenge this suggestion.
methods : twenty-five participants with amci , @number@ ad patients , and @number@ healthy elderly participants underwent testing of olfactory identification.
subjective reports regarding perceived decline in olfactory detection and olfactory identification were also obtained.
a subset of participants was reassessed @number@ months later.
results : control participants performed better than both amci and ad patients on olfactory identification.
almost uniformly , participants did not report decline in either olfactory detection or identification.
replication in a larger cohort is needed to support these findings.
it takes about @number@ minutes to carry out and provides a quick overview of the patient's cognitive profile.
results : cab distinguished very clearly between controls and mci as well as mci and dementia.
on further analysis cab also distinguished between mci of different severities.
it also showed to have good sensitivity and specificity for identifying more severe mci.
conclusions : cab seems to be a useful supplement to mmse and a screening instrument for mci and dementia with good sensitivity and specificity.
this study used balb / c mice to examine the longevity of zygocotyle lunata in a murine host.
live worms recovered at @number@ weeks pi had a mean body area of about @number@ mm2.
an additional aspect of this article is a review of the pertinent literature published from @number@ to @number@ on ageing and longevity of digeneans.
it has been suggested previously that bms is a small-fiber neuropathy.
results : thermal and pain thresholds of bms patients did not differ significantly from those of healthy subjects.
methods : controlled lighting images of skin were taken with the visia cr.
skin sections from the cheek area were selected without eye region wrinkles or naso-labial lines for consumer interpretation.
for the chroma and lightness , mainly large-scale inhomogeneities in the @number@.8-2 cm ( @number@ ) range are taken into account by the consumer.
surprisingly , variations in the skin hue show a total absence of correlation with the consumer grading.
rejuvenation of the skin aims at reversing the signs of aging and can be established in the epidermis as well as in the dermis.
aged dermis , in fact , has a degenerated collagen matrix.
to regenerate this matrix , fibroblasts need to be stimulated into synthesizing new collagen.
quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) was performed after the heat shock to determine gene expression levels relative to the reference temperature.
furthermore , picrosirius red and hematoxylin stainings were performed to visualize the collagen network and the cells.
results : the skin samples were shown to be viable and metabolically active.
the human brain is a complex network.
the combination of these attributes simultaneously promotes high specialization and high integration within a modular small-world architecture.
structural and functional networks share some of the same characteristics , although their relationship is complex and nonlinear.
patients with secondary rls other than iron deficiency were excluded.
heart rate variability ( hrv ) analysis was performed.
tas , osi , pon and stim-pon were comparable.
hrv triangular index ( hrvi ) was lower ( p = 0·012 ) in rls group.
other hrv parameters were similar.
increased esr , mpv and low hrvi indicate elevated sympathetic activity in rls group.
elevated sympathetic activity might be beneficial in relieving rls symptoms , also causing increases in tos.
the evidence we found regarding oxidative stress and autonomic nervous system might be seminal in rls treatment.
method : retrospective review of patients undergoing rejuvenation by a single surgeon between @number@ and @number@
within-subject comparisons were generated.
results were correlated with skin type ( fitzpatrick ) and baseline photodamage ( glogau ) .
a test for effect of adjunctive procedures was performed.
results : seventeen patients were included ( all female , mean age @number@ years ) .
no significant effect of adjunctive procedures was found.
no complications occurred , though fat grafts resorbed in one patient.
aim : a cross-sectional study to determine the caries experience characteristics and their relationship with aging.
the dmft scores ( dt , mt , ft ) were recorded.
the student t-test was used to assess any differences in the mean dmft score between genders.
chi-square tests were performed to assess any relationship between gender and dmft variables.
results : the mean dmft values for the sample , 11-14 , 14-17 and 17-20 year-olds were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
caries prevalence ( dmft > 0 ) and active caries prevalence ( dt > 0 ) were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the odds of experiencing caries ( dmft , dt , ft ) increased with increase in participant's age.
prevalence of subjects with dt > 6 was higher in males than in females ( or @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
prevalence of subjects with ft > 3 was higher in females than in males ( or @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : caries experience was highly prevalent in our sample.
with increase in age , there was an upward trend in caries prevalence and mean dmft.
there has been a rapid increase in the number of elderly patients worldwide.
objective : to assess the extent to which polypharmacy and aging are associated with potential ddis in outpatients at a medical centre in taiwan.
the main inclusion criteria were a minimum of two drug prescriptions and duration of use of @number@ or more days.
results : the prevalence of potential ddis was @percent@ ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
the mean ± sd age of the @number@ patients with potential ddis was @number@ ± @number@ years , and @percent@ of these patients were male.
the majority ( @percent@ ) of ddis were of the c2 pattern ( severity : moderate ; documentation : probable ) .
we observed independent increases in potential ddis per person in association with aging and increasing number of prescribed drugs.
background : memantine is an approved symptomatic treatment for moderate to severe alzheimer's disease that reduces the excitotoxic effects of hyperactive glutamatergic transmission.
however , the exact mechanism of the effect of memantine in alzheimer's disease patients is poorly understood.
objective : to assess the effect of memantine on the activity of the dmn in moderate to severe alzheimer's disease.
resting state components were extracted after spatial normalization in individual patients with independent component analysis.
the consistency of the components was assessed using icasso and the dmn was recognized through spatial correlation with a pre-defined template.
voxel-based statistical analyses were performed to study the change in dmn activity from t0 to t6 in the two groups.
the treatment × time interaction term was significant at p < @number@ fwe corrected.
future studies confirming the present findings are required to further demonstrate the beneficial effects of memantine on the dmn in alzheimer's disease.
men have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) than women , and adverse thrombotic events increase with age.
recent experimental cross-sectional , and case-control studies have shown that testosterone may affect the hemostatic / fibrinolytic system in men in several ways.
it has been hypothesized that physiological doses of testosterone would have a beneficial effect on tissue factor-induced thrombin generation and the development of cvd.
the search for eternal youth has created a market for testosterone treatment in aging men during the last few years.
however , whether testosterone supplementation could be useful in the treatment of testosterone-deficient elderly men is still controversial.
the present review focuses on the coagulation system and cvd from the perspective of testosterone.
the purpose of this investigation attempts to clarify these issues.
the regression equation of cimt vs. age for all four groups is determinated.
future study design concerning cimt in separation groups of men and women , so as lt and rt is highly recommended.
previously , we identified valosin-containing protein ( vcp ) as a mediator of er stress-induced cell death.
background : there is no established definition of healthy aging in clinical practice , although it is a world health organization goal.
aim : to develop a clinical protocol to identify healthy older people living in the community and study their clinical , laboratory and functional characteristics.
potential participants were initially screened by telephone , and those who met the inclusion criteria were included.
they had a comprehensive geriatric assessment which included clinical , anthropometric , laboratory and functional assessments.
basic laboratory showed that approximately @percent@ of subjects had normal values , using standard benchmarks established for an adult population.
conclusions : the protocol used in this work was able to identify healthy older people with low disease burden and good functionality.
it also validated history and comprehensive geriatric assessment as reliable instruments to identify these subjects.
background : increasing life expectancy necessitates the better understanding of the neurophysiological underpinnings of age-related cognitive changes.
the majority of research examining structural-cognitive relationships in aging focuses on the role of age-related changes to grey matter integrity.
in the current study , we examined the relationship between age-related changes in white matter and language production.
more specifically , we concentrated on word-finding failures , which increase with age.
diffusion tensor images were used to calculate fractional anisotropy ( fa ) images.
fa is considered to be a measure of white matter organization / integrity.
fa images were related to measures of successful picture naming and to word finding failures using voxel-based linear regression analyses.
successful naming rates correlated positively with white matter integrity across a broad range of regions implicated in language production.
however , word finding failure rates correlated negatively with a more restricted region in the posterior aspect of superior longitudinal fasciculus.
methods : factors that were examined included age , gender , time of last meal or drink , and recent consumption of coffee.
a total of @number@ healthy volunteers between @number@ and @number@ years of age participated in the study.
the average participant was @number@ years old , and the sample consisted of @number@ males and @number@ females.
five milliliters of venous blood was collected from participants ' cubital vein and blood glutamate , glucose , got and gpt levels were determined.
concentrations of got were significantly higher in males than in females ( p < @number@ ) .
concentrations of gpt were significantly higher in males than in females ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no other significant differences demonstrated.
in addition , dapi-defined sahf were detected on paraffin sections of ras-transformed cultured fibroblasts , but not human lesions at various stages of tumorigenesis.
overall , our results indicate that unlike the widely present dna damage response marker γh2ax , sahf is not a common feature of cellular senescence.
whereas sahf formation is shared by diverse cultured cell types under oncogenic stress , sahf are cell-type-restricted under genotoxin-induced and replicative senescence.
currently , no efficacy data is available from clinical trials of β-secretase inhibitors.
treating young transgenic tg2576 mice with a brain-penetrating β-secretase inhibitor reduced brain amyloid-β by about @percent@ and rescued the age-related cognitive decline.
implications from these model studies on the design of clinical trials are discussed herein.
many human diseases are characterized by the development of tissue hypoxia.
the link between hif-1α and apoptosis , a major determinant of cancer progression and treatment outcome , is poorly understood.
here we show that hif-1α protects against drug-induced apoptosis by antagonizing the function of the tumor suppressor p53.
hif-1α upregulation induced proteasomal degradation of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 ( hipk2 ) , the p53 apoptotic activator.
inhibition of hif-1α by sirna , hif-1α-dominant negative or by zinc re-established the hipk2 levels and the p53-mediated chemosensitivity in tumor cells.
our findings identify a novel circuitry between hif-1α and p53 , and provide a paradigm for hipk2 dictating cell response to antitumor therapies.
broilers were challenged via the trachea at @number@ and @number@ wk of age with various combinations of lps , husa , and rgg.
all treatments affected immune responses at several time points and also affected bwg , albeit temporarily for the latter.
this was true for igm as well as igg isotype responses.
the consequences of our findings are discussed.
background : chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is associated with insulin resistance ( ir ) .
this suggests that the mechanism and factors associated with ir in ckd may differ.
interactions were checked to assess whether the factors associated with ir were different in those with and without ckd.
results : individuals with ir had a lower egfr ( @number@ ± @number@ versus @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ ) .
in individuals without ckd , ir was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein and current nonsmoking status in multivariate analysis.
in contrast , among individuals with ckd , interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) was independently associated with ir.
data on associations between dietary intake of macronutrients and body composition in the general population are sparse.
in the subgroup with intermediate bmi and stable weight , there was no association between protein intake ( e% ) and percent body fat.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is an arrhythmia that can occur as the result of numerous different pathophysiological processes in the atria.
some aspects of the morphological and electrophysiological alterations promoting af have been studied extensively in animal models.
atrial tachycardia or af itself shortens atrial refractoriness and causes loss of atrial contractility.
these changes in electrical , contractile , and structural properties of the atria have been called \ "atrial remodeling. \ "
many of these alterations also occur in patients with or at risk for af , although the direct demonstration of these mechanisms is sometimes challenging.
the diversity of etiological factors and electrophysiological mechanisms promoting af in humans hampers the development of more effective therapy of af.
this review aims to give a translational overview on the biological basis of atrial remodeling and the proarrhythmic mechanisms involved in the fibrillation process.
we pay attention to translation of pathophysiological insights gained from in vitro experiments and animal models to patients.
also , suggestions for future research objectives and therapeutical implications are discussed.
design : randomised , controlled ; single-blind parallel-group trial.
setting : intervention at outpatient's clinic.
subjects : one hundred and fifty patients with surgical fixation for a hip fracture.
methods : strength training was integrated into all stages of the programme.
the programme comprised four exercises , half of them in a standing position , performed at @percent@ of maximum.
measurements were taken after the 3-month intervention.
the primary outcome measurement was the berg balance scale ( bbs ) .
results : at baseline , there were no significant between-group differences.
conclusion : home-dwelling hip fracture patients can benefit from an extended supervised strength-training programme in a rehabilitation setting.
these patients are capable of high-intensity strength training , which should optimise gains in physical function , strength and balance.
resistance exercise training seems to influence functional performance adaptation.
there is great variation in the maximum life span of different species.
although the membrane pacemaker theory given by hulbert provides a viable explanation but there are still some unanswered questions.
we propose that long living species have abnormally high activity of erythrocyte plasma membrane redox system which provides an effective armament to combat oxidative stress.
background : the physiological processes in the cell are regulated by reversible , electrostatic protein-protein interactions.
apoptosis is such a regulated process , which is critically important in tissue homeostasis and development and leads to complete disintegration of the cell.
pathological apoptosis , a process similar to apoptosis , is associated with aging and infection.
cell death was observed to be associated with the covalent binding of calmodulin , in parallel , to the regulatory sequences of proteins.
however , dko cells were not protected against death , but high rates of cell death occurred by detachment.
the formation of these polymers ( aggregates ) leads to an unregulated and , consequently , pathological protein network.
the results suggest a mechanism for the involvement of small molecules in disease development.
the irreversible protein-protein interactions lead to protein aggregation and cell degeneration , which are observed in all aging-associated diseases.
purpose : increasing diagnosis of small renal masses ( srms ) necessitates trainees to be familiar with available therapies.
we hypothesized that involvement in conservative treatments ( ablation and / or active surveillance ) occurs infrequently.
therefore , we evaluated resident exposure and participation in treatments as well as proposed management for srms.
methods : a survey was distributed to residents of the american urologic association and queried exposure to ablation and surveillance for srms.
three case scenarios ( srm in a healthy 55-year-old , healthy 75-year-old , and comorbid 75-year-old patient ) were presented for management.
results : two hundred fifty-seven residents responded to the survey.
two hundred thirty-four ( @percent@ ) reported ablation was offered at their institution , although only @number@ ( @percent@ ) ever participated in this procedure.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were involved in fewer than five procedures.
experience with ablation did not increase at higher levels of training ( u3-61% , u4-66% , and u5-63% ) .
two hundred twenty-four ( @percent@ ) residents noted exposure to surveillance for managing srms , increasing from @percent@ in u1 to @percent@ in u5.
when considering case scenarios , management strategy shifted significantly from extirpation to ablation or surveillance as patient age and comorbidity profile increased.
in particular , almost @percent@ of respondents advocated ablation for srms in a comorbid 75-year-old patient.
conclusions : although most residents are adequately exposed to surveillance strategies for srms , only @percent@ participated in an ablative procedure.
nonetheless , almost @percent@ of residents recommended ablation to manage srms in the aging , comorbid patient.
this suggests a disconnect between training and future practice pattern.
introduction : we evaluated the association between serum sex hormone levels and prostate volume in taiwanese men.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted in @number@ men ( aged 40-79 years , mean age @number@ years ) .
serum total testosterone ( tt ) , free testosterone ( ft ) , dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) and estradiol ( e2 ) levels were measured.
total prostate volume ( tpv ) and transition zone volume ( tzv ) were measured by transrectal ultrasonography.
body mass index ( bmi ) , dht / tt and e2 / tt were calculated.
correlations were determined using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
results : apart from dht , an age-dependent change of sex hormone levels were observed.
on multivariate analysis , however , only serum dht level and dht / tt ratio remained significant.
conclusions : higher serum dht level and dht / tt ratio were associated with larger prostate volume and higher prevalence of bph in taiwanese men.
today , a variety of medical therapies and minimally invasive bph treatment modalities are available.
medical therapy includes α ( @number@ ) blockers , 5 ( ) α reductase inhibitors and combination therapy.
when these options fail , surgery is indicated.
transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) is still considered the gold standard surgical treatment for bph.
nevertheless , numerous minimally invasive treatment alternatives are available that are comparable in effectiveness to turp , with significantly less morbidity.
objective : to investigate in vivo the impact of age on nigrostriatal dopamine dysfunction in parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
results : the study comprised @number@ pd scans and @number@ control scans ( @number@ scans in total ) .
remarkably , however , the rate of progression of dtbz binding loss was significantly slower in younger patients ( p < @number@ ) .
the estimated presymptomatic phase of the disease spanned more than @number@ decades in younger patients , compared to @number@ decade in older patients.
these observations suggest that younger pd patients have more efficient compensatory mechanisms.
aim : to determine how the healthy aging affects to the different attentional networks.
as instrument to evaluate the attention process the ant ( attention network test ) was used.
as for the analysis of network effects , no one showed differences between the two groups.
conclusions : the obtained data show that a decrease exists in the speed processing in the elderly group.
the search for the holy grail in facial rejuvenation is an ongoing quest.
perhaps the reason the \ "ideal \ " face-lift has yet to be discovered is a result of three factors.
first , the term face-lift has never been adequately defined.
second , fads and trends play a role in how the operation is taught and performed.
third , surgeons searching for the prototypic technique have not had a way to index the physical signs of facial aging.
five progressive stages of aging have been identified and matched with recommended courses of face-lifting , blepharoplasty , volume augmentation , and skin resurfacing techniques.
ancillary procedures have also been included when indicated.
there is an unprecedented acceptance of rhytidectomy by today's society.
whichever method used , an emphasis on safety is of the utmost importance.
a solid understanding of the relevant anatomy is imperative as is the awareness of how to best avoid complications.
thus , effective facial rejuvenation requires a comprehensive paradigm that identifies and addresses all anatomic elements involved in the aging process.
facial augmentation using implants represents a straightforward , simple procedure with minimal risks and long-lasting benefits.
the most significant factor contributing to the overall change in the appearance of an individual's facial features over time is age.
this process of gradual structural weakening of the face begins during the third decade and continues to worsen during the remainder of an individual's lifetime.
here , we discuss how the approach to midface rejuvenation has evolved over time owing to our increased understanding of the aging process.
in addition , we discuss specific techniques that we use that have helped us achieve more natural and lasting results.
a patient presenting to a facial plastic surgeon with lower eyelid aging often has accompanying midface descent.
many surgical options exist to address these deformities.
blepharoplasty techniques include both the transcutaneous skin-muscle flap as well as the transconjunctival approach.
we propose the extended skin muscle blepharoplasty to address midface descent and lower lid aging to patients as an alternative to formal midface lifting.
results for patients with mild but visible midface descent are gratifying.
blepharoplasty is one of the most popular and common procedures in facial plastic surgery.
initially performed in @number@ for eyelid reconstruction , blepharoplasty has evolved to become a cosmetic or functional operation.
although the surgical approaches are relatively straightforward , achieving natural and predictable results require precision and judgment.
forehead lifting serves to restore a more youthful appearance as well as a more functional and aesthetically pleasing brow position.
forehead aesthetics described include the aging process , with its contributing factors and consequences , and the ideal brow position in women and men.
pertinent past medical / surgical history as well as family history are reviewed , and the need for ophthalmology evaluation is discussed.
surgical indications and approaches , including direct , coronal , mid-forehead , endoscopic , and trans-blepharoplasty , are reviewed.
the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed and techniques briefly described.
complications are mentioned , and the article concludes with a review of nonsurgical adjuncts.
we hope to provide a more comprehensive approach to treating the aging face and skin that will provide patients with more long-lasting and youthful results.
a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the aging face is essential to a safe and effective operation.
over time , the face undergoes changes in skin and subcutaneous tissues evidenced by rhytides and thinning.
there are also changes in the tone and character of facial muscles.
changes in fat structures in the face cause aesthetic changes that can be addressed surgically.
advances in health , increased awareness of preventative medicine , and evolution have led to an increasingly older population worldwide.
surgical aesthetic facial rejuvenation has become increasingly popular , more accessible , and has lost much of the stigma that it once carried.
this review will discuss proper patient analysis and selection for aging face surgery , including medical , anatomic , and psychosocial factors that are involved.
earlier , we showed that the offspring from exceptionally long-lived families have a more favorable glucose metabolism when compared with controls.
we found no difference between the two groups in c-reactive protein levels or in the distribution of c-reactive protein haplotypes.
it is a limitation of the current study that its cross-sectional nature does not allow for assessment of cause-effect relationships.
workload : @percent@ of @number@ rm ( repetition maximum ) .
a significant decrease was found in sf concentration of comp following exercise , whereas aggrecan , ctx-ii and il-6 remained unchanged.
no differences in any of the tested markers were found in serum and urine between baseline and post-exercise.
thirty minutes of mechanical loading of a single knee joint in human subjects with knee oa resulted in a reduced comp concentration in sf.
during voluntary contractions , motor neurone activity is modulated by descending input and sensory feedback.
impaired excitatory afferent feedback with ageing may , therefore , alter motor control.
this study investigated the age-related changes in afferent feedback through the recording of reflex responses during voluntary muscle activation.
furthermore , the modulation of spinal reflex excitability was analyzed at different torque levels ( 10-50% mvc ) .
the comparison groups were the composite without adhesive and a 2-step etch-and-rinse as ( prime & bond nt ) without etching of enamel and dentin.
retention loss of the restorations was evaluated after every @number@ thermocycles and every @number@ cycles of thermomechanical loading.
conclusions : if the materials were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions , no retention loss was observed in the laboratory model.
the laboratory model did not reflect the clinical findings.
npd1 reduces aβ42 peptide release from aging human brain cells and is severely depleted in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brain.
purpose : age related cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world today.
the association between dna damage to the lens epithelium and the development of lens opacities has been reported in many studies.
polymorphisms of dna repair enzymes may affect repair efficiency and thereby lead to the development of age related cataract.
xpd genotype was determined by amplification refractory mutation system ( arms ) while xrcc1 was genotyped using the pcr-rflp method.
no statistically significant difference was found for the genotypic and allelic distributions of the polymorphism in xrcc1.
the mdr interaction analysis revealed weak synergism between the markers xpd-asp312asn and xrcc1-arg399gln contributing to cataract.
conclusions : the present study suggests that a polymorphism in xpd codon @number@ may be associated with the development of maturity onset cataract.
this is the first report on the association of xpd asp312asn polymorphism with maturity onset cataract.
many families considering posthospital care options are ill-prepared and in need of guidance.
they may not know the range of available options , the relative benefits of each , or have considered their therapeutic goals.
physicians should be informants , advocates , and facilitators of this big leap for their patients.
physicians need at least a rudimentary knowledge of the array of options and the implications of each.
even if the physician cannot serve as the planning facilitator , the physician should ensure that this task is done well.
this review describes the range of options and the implications of each option for long-term care in the united states.
in contrast , rnai suppression of sortilin results in decreased bace1-mediated cleavage of app.
however , expression of this truncated sortilin redistributes bace1 from the trans-golgi network to the endosomes and substantially reduces the retrograde trafficking of bace1.
our studies suggest a new function for sortilin as a modulator of bace1 retrograde trafficking and subsequent generation of aβ.
the main causes of a reduced range of motion are degenerative joint diseases and increased stiffness of collagen tissue.
besides this , ages react with specific cell surface receptors ( rages ) .
an appropriate control of the glucose levels and a diet rich in antioxidant agents are recommended in patients with diabetes.
background : falls in the elderly is nowadays a major concern because of their consequences on elderly general health and moral states.
moreover , the aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy make the prediction of falls more and more important.
the tool is also simple to use by a non expert and can therefore be widely used on a large set of patients.
method : a population of @number@ hospitalized elderlies was asked to execute several classical clinical tests evaluating their risk of falling.
they were also asked if they experienced any fall in the last @number@ months.
the accelerations of the limbs were recorded during the clinical tests with an accelerometer network distributed on the body.
a total of @number@ features were extracted from the accelerometric signal recorded during a simple @number@ m walking test at comfort speed.
a feature selection algorithm was used to select those able to classify subjects at risk and not at risk for several classification algorithms types.
the classification performances of the used algorithms were compared.
moreover a subset of the @number@ features was considered to be significantly different between the two groups using a t-test.
this tool could also be used to evaluate the risk several times during the revalidation procedure.
background : mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue ( adsc ) are multipotent stem cells , originated from the vascular-stromal compartment of fat tissue.
adsc are used as an alternative cell source for many different cell therapies , however in ischemic cardiovascular diseases the therapeutic benefit was modest.
one of the reasons could be the use of autologous aged adsc , which recently were found to have impaired functions.
we therefore analysed the effects of age on age markers and angiogenic properties of adsc.
hypoxic conditioning was investigated as a form of angiogenic stimulation.
differences in proliferation , apoptosis and telomere length were assessed in addition to angiogenic properties of adsc.
results : proliferation potential and telomere length were decreased in aged adsc compared to young adsc.
frequency of apoptotic cells was higher in aged adsc.
endostatin ( ends ) was the highest in aged adsc and was also down-regulated by hypoxia.
tube formation on matrigel was higher in the presence of conditioned medium from young adsc in comparison to aged adsc.
conclusions : adsc isolated from older animals show changes , including impaired proliferation and angiogenic stimulation.
angiogenic gene expression can be partially be improved by hypoxic preconditioning , however the effect is age-dependent.
this supports the hypothesis that autologous adsc from aged subjects might have an impaired therapeutic potential.
objective : to study the alterations in hba ( 1c ) with advancing age in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.
methods : community-based cross-sectional study involving @number@ subjects aged ≥ @number@ years from chandigarh , india.
hba ( 1c ) was measured on a national glycohemoglobin standardization program-certified bio-rad d-10 system and the data were available for @number@ subjects.
results : out of @number@ subjects , @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects had normal glucose tolerance.
the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease involves the progressive accumulation of amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) .
here , we review the recent studies on the soluble oligomers , especially low-n oligomers in alzheimer's disease.
advancing age is the major risk factor for the development of cvd ( cardiovascular diseases ) .
new mitochondria contain their own genome with a modified genetic code that is highly conserved among mammals.
the transcription of certain mitochondrial genes may depend on the redox potential of the mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondria are related to the life and death of cells.
this review summarizes the data and mechanisms of action of melatonin in relation to mitochondrial pathologies.
one early and prominent pathologic feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the appearance of activated microglia in the vicinity of developing β-amyloid deposits.
however , the precise role of microglia during the course of ad is still under discussion.
microglia have been reported to degrade and clear β-amyloid , but they also can exert deleterious effects due to overwhelming inflammatory reactions.
of the characteristics of religiousness was significantly associated with depressive mood or anxiety , as estimated by the proxy respondent.
it can be concluded that religiousness did not affect depressive mood or anxiety in the last week of life in the current sample.
forty-one baseline predictors were assessed using a tree-based regression method ( random forest ) to rank the relative importance of risk factors.
the factors that were statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) predictors of both onset of overweight and obesity were income , ineffectiveness and race.
conclusions : family socio-economic position and emotion regulation appeared as the top predictors of both bmi change and onset of overweight and obesity.
our results build upon prior findings that policies to prevent the onset of obesity during adolescence be targeted towards girls from lower socio-economic position households.
our findings also suggest several novel psychological factors including ineffectiveness as predictors of obesity during adolescence.
these predictive findings offer a direction for future inquiry into adolescent obesity etiology using causal methods.
the present study examined the role of controlled attention in age differences in event-based prospective memory performance across adolescence.
findings demonstrated a significant interaction , f ( @number@ @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@
results are discussed in the context of the multiprocess theory of prospective memory.
if children lifted up the cup , the contents would be spilled and evidence of their transgression would be left behind.
upon returning to the room , the experimenter asked children whether they peeked and how the contents of the cup ended up on the table.
experiment @number@ which included @number@ chinese 4-year-olds ( @number@ boys ) , identified @number@ sociocognitive factors related to children's ability to tell strategic lies.
the present investigation reveals that contrary to the prevailing views , even young children are able to tell strategic lies in some contexts.
perceived control and health are often closely linked in adulthood and old age.
little is known , however , about their time-ordered interplay at various phases of adult life.
no evidence was found for predictive effects of health for changes in perceived control in either age group.
these age-differential findings were corroborated with nested-model comparisons.
normative adult age-related decrements are well documented for many diverse forms of effortful cognitive processing.
multivariate growth curve models were applied to examine the dimensionality of individual differences in longitudinal changes.
multiple-group analysis revealed that this model fit the data for all age groups.
body appreciation and resistance to adopt an observer's perspective mediated the body acceptance by others-intuitive eating link.
body acceptance by others mediated the social support-body appreciation and bmi-body appreciation links.
early adult women had a stronger positive resistance to adopt observer's perspective-body appreciation relationship than emerging and middle adult women.
young-old and old-old adults , but not young adults , experienced more tots for words beginning with low-frequency first syllables relative to high-frequency first syllables.
furthermore , age differences in tot incidence occurred only for words with low-frequency first syllables.
these findings support speech production models that allow for bidirectional activation between conceptual , lexical , and phonological forms of words.
furthermore , the age-specific effects of syllable frequency provide insight into the progression of age-linked changes to phonological processes.
( psycinfo database record ( c ) @number@ apa , all rights reserved ) .
unlabelled : the isolated systolic hypertension is a distinct entity concerning evolving , pathological , diagnosis and treatment particularities.
material and method : one hundred and twenty nine patients with isolated systolic hypertension at office were included.
they were subjected to continuous ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure , then the treatment was started.
after six months the patients were reassessed.
results : continuous ambulatory monitoring better indicates the increase of systolic tension and the reduction of the diastolic tension by aging.
the pulse pressure is significantly higher at the over sixty-five group.
the systolic tension is directly correlated with the pulse pressure and indirectly with the diurnal index. ( r = @number@ ) .
after six months of treatment the reevaluation shows a statistically significant reduction of the pathological parameters although without achieving tensional control.
conclusions : the ambulatory monitoring better highlights the values of hypertension and assesses the load and day index values.
achieving the therapeutic goal regarding systolic hypertension proves difficult.
objective : the ratio of psychological to organic ed changes with aging.
results : thirty-four of the cases were diagnosed as organic ed , and the other @number@ as psychological ed.
conclusion : the percentage of organic ed tends to grow with the increase of age , while that of psychological ed is just the opposite.
sirt1 is a member of the sir2 family of nad ( + ) -dependent protein deacetylases.
the central role of sirt1 in multiple metabolic and age-related pathways has pushed sirt1 to the forefront to discover small-molecule activators.
connectedness , maintaining active engagement with life , is crucial to successful aging.
yet , no instruments were found to measure connectedness.
the purpose of this study was to develop and test a connectedness scale for older adults.
a 72-item instrument was administered to @number@ community-dwelling older adults.
the sample was largely female , white widows / widowers , with a mean age of @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years.
the instrument was reduced to @number@ items representing five factors with loadings ranging from @number@ to @number@
this promising instrument may advance the science of successful aging.
the immune system is affected by the aging process and undergoes significant age-related changes , termed immunosenescence.
different t cell subsets are affected by this process.
additional infection with latent pathogens such as cytomegalovirus aggravates this process.
in this review , we focus on the major age-related changes that occur in the naïve and the antigen-experienced t cell population.
we discuss the mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of these subsets and how age-related changes can be delayed or prevented by clinical interventions.
conversely , akt induces rapid downregulation of mir-199a-5p to effect upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and sirtuin @number@
this suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate mirnas ' processing and / or stability to induce the rapid fluctuation in their levels.
in support , a growing number of studies are showing specific posttranscriptional regulation of mirnas.
there is a growing call for civic engagement , largely in the form of formal volunteering , among older adults in america.
it also coincides with the devolution of welfare programs.
type @number@ diabetes is hallmarked by insulin resistance and insufficient β-cell function.
islets of type @number@ diabetes patients have been shown to have decreased hypoxia-inducible factor ( hif ) -1α / β expression.
we hypothesized that increased hif-mediated gene transcription by vhl deletion in the β-cells would increase β-cell mass and function.
vhl deletion in the pancreatic β-cells led to impaired glucose tolerance due to defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell mass with age.
vhl-knockout islets had decreased glut2 , but increased glucose transporter @number@ and vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
furthermore , there were significant aberrations in islet morphology in the vhl-knockout mice , likely due to increased islet vasculature.
we observed improved glucose tolerance and restoration of glut2 expression in vhl-deficient β-cells in response to rhuepo.
this patient population contains an increasing number of adults.
methods : observational case series.
the @percent@ confidence intervals of the controls were used as reference values.
the densities were plotted against age and volume ratios.
results : the main outcome measurements were differences in orbital soft tissue densities.
mean fat density increased with decreasing fat volume ( p = @number@ ) .
mean extraocular muscle density increased slightly with increasing muscle volume ( p = @number@ ) .
muscle density correlated with fat density in both controls and go patients.
background : older adults frequently experience pressure ulcers ( prus ) and suffer the risks of the ulceration.
risk factors for prus remain unclear in a community population.
objective : the objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for future pressure ulceration in a community sample.
design : this was a retrospective cohort study.
methods and outcomes : the primary outcome was a new diagnosis of pressure ulceration within @number@ months of index date.
the predictor risk variables included demographic and comorbid health risk factors.
the data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.
the authors created a final model based on multivariable risk factors.
main results : of @number@ patients , @number@ patients developed an incident pru ( @percent@ ) .
in the final model , age , male sex , and long-term-care facility admission were significant factors.
prior pressure ulceration with an odds ratio of @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.86-8.14 ) was the largest risk factor.
diabetes , falls , cataracts , renal insufficiency , and peripheral vascular disease were also associated with pru development.
conclusion : pru development involves important risk factors of prior pru development and long-term-care facility placement as the @number@ largest risk factors.
both factors are easily determined by history.
increasing age and comorbid medical conditions also impact pru development as important risk factors for pru development.
background : the longitudinal cognitive course in parkinson's disease ( pd ) with and without dementia remains undefined.
longitudinal change indicated that individuals with pd with dementia declined significantly more rapidly on visuospatial and verbal memory tasks than ad alone.
cognitive declines across all factors in ad and pd dementia accelerated several years prior to clinical dementia diagnosis.
conclusion : both specific and global cognitive changes are witnessed in pd and ad.
longitudinal profiles of cognitive decline in pd and ad differed.
pd with or without dementia has a core feature of longitudinal decline in visuospatial abilities.
additionally , increased numbers of mature-type cd8 , cd11b-expressing dendritic cells were detected in mucosal inductive and effector lymphoid tissues of aged mice.
importantly , aged mice given pspa plus a combination of pfl and cpg odn showed protective immunity against nasal s. pneumoniae colonization.
these results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a combined dna adjuvant offers an attractive possibility for protection against s. pneumoniae in the elderly.
background : we assessed the tolerability and efficacy of autologous skin cell grafts in older type @number@ diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers.
ulcer healing rates and measurements of ulcer area were determined monthly for @number@ months.
results : seven patients with @number@ ulcers , nine of which received the described treatment , were enrolled.
during 12-month follow-up , all of the ulcers healed except one.
in the remaining eight ulcers , the median healing time was @number@ weeks ( interquartile range , 4-29 weeks ) .
age did not seem to moderate healing times.
objectives : to develop a photographic sun damage assessment scale for forearm skin and test its feasibility and utility for consistent classification of sun damage.
design : for a blinded comparison , @number@ standardized @number@ × @number@ digital photographs of participants ' forearms were taken.
triplicate photographs were provided in identical image sets to @number@ community dermatologists for blinded rating using the dermatologic assessment scoring scale.
setting : academic skin cancer prevention clinic with high-level experience in assessment of sun-damaged skin.
participants : volunteer sample including participants from screenings , chemoprevention , and / or biomarker studies.
results : correlations ( @percent@ to > 90% ) between dermatologists were all statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : with good to substantial agreement , we found the development of a photographic forearm sun damage assessment scale highly feasible.
in view of significantly different rating scores , a photographic reference for assessment of sun damage is also necessary.
furthermore , investigators have found adequate repletion and increased intakes of vitamin d to be associated with reduced all-cause mortality rates.
background : antioxidants might protect against oxidative stress , which has been suggested as a cause of aging.
methods : the ( atbc ) study recruited males aged 50-69 years who smoked at least five cigarettes per day at the baseline.
the current study was restricted to participants who were followed up past the age of @number@
deaths were identified in the national death registry ( @number@ deaths ) .
we constructed kaplan-meier survival curves for all participants , and for four subgroups defined by dietary vitamin c intake and level of smoking.
we also constructed cox regression models allowing a different vitamin e effect for low and high age ranges.
in this subgroup , the survival curves of vitamin e and no-vitamin e participants diverged at @number@ years.
in the other three subgroups covering @percent@ of the participants , vitamin e did not affect mortality.
nevertheless , the lack of effect in @percent@ of this male cohort shows that vitamin e is no panacea for extending life expectancy.
objective : metabolic syndrome ( mets ) and its components accelerate age-associated increases in arterial stiffness and thickness.
we investigated whether specific proinflammatory cytokines contribute to arterial aging , independent of age , sex , mets , and other traditional cv risk factors.
the co-occurrence of both mets and higher cytokines levels was associated with greater increases in arterial stiffness and thickness.
interestingly , the levels of both total and phosphorylated biliverdin reductase-a were unchanged as well as its enzymatic activity in the cerebella.
the protein deacetylase sirt1 , and its activator resveratrol , exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism.
different sirt1 targets have been identified , including ptp1b , ampk , foxo , pgc-1α and irs2.
the latter may underscore a tight link between sirt1 and insulin signaling components.
in muscle cells and hek293 cells , downregulation of sirt1 reduced , while overexpression increased , insulin-induced pkb activatory phosphorylation.
further molecular characterisation revealed that sirt1 interacts in an insulin-independent manner with the pi3k adapter subunit p85.
we then investigated whether resveratrol may improve insulin signaling in muscle cells via sirt1 , or alternative targets.
incubation of muscle cells with resveratrol reverted the insulin-resistant state induced by prolonged tnfα or insulin treatment.
resveratrol-dependent improvement of insulin-resistance occurred through inhibition of serine phosphorylation of irs1 / 2 , implicating resveratrol as a serine kinase inhibitor.
gastrointestinal motility disorders often pose a debilitating problem , especially in elderly patients.
in addition , they are frequently occurring co-morbidities in dementia.
amyloid deposits were seen in the vasculature , the mucosal and muscle layer of both heterozygous and wild type mice.
amyloidβ₁₋₄₂ could not be detected , pointing to a different amyloid composition than that found in senile plaques in the mice's brains.
at most they are secondary related to the neurodegenerative process.
additionally , our data could not show extensive neuronal or glial cell loss associated with aging , in contrast to other reports.
instead an increase in s100-ir was observed in senescent mice.
background : when individuals have hearing loss , physiological changes in their brain interact with relearning of sound patterns.
some individuals utilize compensatory strategies that may result in successful hearing aid use.
others , however , are not so fortunate.
frequently , these deficits are not identified during a typical \ "hearing aid evaluation. \ "
aural rehabilitation has long been advocated to enhance communication but has not been considered time or cost-effective.
despite the availability of these programs , many patients and professionals are reluctant to engage in and complete therapy.
possible solutions to maximizing compliance are explored.
patients to whom auditory training programs are recommended often do not complete the training , however.
compliance for a cohort of home-based auditory therapy trainees was less than @percent@.
activities to increase patient compliance to auditory training protocols are proposed.
background : late-life depression may be undiagnosed due to symptom expression.
these analyses explore the structure of depressive symptoms in older patients diagnosed with major depression by identifying clusters of patients based on their symptom profiles.
methods : the sample comprised @number@ patients enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study.
latent class analysis ( lca ) was used to place patients into homogeneous clusters.
as a final step , we identified a risk profile from representative items across instruments selected through variable reduction techniques.
conclusions : we found considerable heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults with an index episode of major depression.
these findings can help conceptualize depression and potentially reduce misdiagnosis for this age group.
affected tissues are those that require constant renewal by stem cell activity.
treatment with the antioxidant , n-acetyl cysteine ( nac ) , partially rescued the growth disadvantage of mutant cells in vitro and in vivo.
this stem cell phenotype was partially corrected by nac treatment.
in aging , immune responses are dramatically impaired , specifically the ability to produce protective antibodies.
one mechanism we have demonstrated for decreased aid includes increased mrna degradation of the transcription factor e47 , critical for aid transcription.
this is the first demonstration that the e47 @number@'utr directly regulates its degradation.
the aid mrna was not differentially regulated by degradation in aging.
therefore , we have here further established critical components for decreased aid with age.
our results provide a proof of principle for the rescue of intrinsic b-cell defects and the humoral immune response in senescence.
the role of nuclear ago2 has not been previously reported.
here , we show that human atscs in which ago2 was downregulated underwent apoptosis.
silencing of ago2 in atscs significantly induces upregulation of mir10b and mir23b expression.
these mirnas directly interfere with ros-scavenging gene expression , such as txnl1 and gpx3.
upregulation of mir10b and mir23b is sufficient to induce atsc cell apoptosis via p38 mapk phosphorylation and caspase @number@ activation.
argonaute @number@ expression is critical for stem cells to escape senescence by downregulating mir10b and mir23b.
the ago2-binding gene selenoprotein n1 ( sepn1 ) was also effectively involved in atsc survival and self-renewal through ros-mediated p38 mapk inactivation.
health lifestyles are collective patterns of health risk behaviour that develop within a social habitus.
this article presents findings from a multiple correspondence analysis of the british regional heart study.
this indicates that , in later life , some forms of class-related health lifestyles become fixed or ' locked in'.
further studies are required to examine different forms of health lifestyle in later life in relation to forms of cultural and economic capital.
this study provides evidence in support of attempts to theorise health lifestyles in terms of collectivities.
objectives : according to most existing models , a computer is usually needed for predicting stroke outcome.
our purpose was to construct a simple and reliable prognostic scale not requiring the use of a calculating machine.
outcome was assessed at @number@ months as the number of dependent or dead patients ( modified rankin scale - mrs > @number@ ) .
in the test group , the accuracy was @percent@ and the auc was @number@
the increase in the average lifespan and the consequent proportional growth of the elderly segment of society has furthered the interest in studying ageing processes.
ageing may be considered a multifactorial process derived from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle.
this review will address the current understanding of the relationship between ageing and several factors both genetics and life style related.
in this review special attention was dedicated to diseases related to age as atherosclerosis , cancer and alzheimer disease.
although intravenous paracetamol has been studied widely in clinical analgesia studies , there is little information on its pharmacokinetics in the elderly.
we designed this study to determine the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in very old patients and to compare them with that of younger patients.
we also considered the effect of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette g2 protein ( abcg2 ) genotype and renal function on paracetamol pharmacokinetics in these patients.
paracetamol @number@ mg was given by infusion over @number@ minutes.
glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) was estimated from age , sex and serum creatinine of the patient.
abcg2 genotype did not affect paracetamol pharmacokinetics.
there was a linear correlation between the values of auc ( ∞ ) of paracetamol , its glucuronide and sulphate metabolites and gfr.
conclusion : age and sex are important factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol.
the higher the age of the patient , the higher is the exposure to paracetamol.
female sex is associated with increased paracetamol concentrations but abcg2 genotype does not seem to affect paracetamol pharmacokinetics.
trial registration number ( eudract ) : 2006-001917-14.
ifnβ therapy has demonstrated greater benefits in rrms than in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ( spms ) .
thus , intervention with ifnβ therapy is appropriate for all stages of ms except ppms or non-relapsing spms.
intervention with glatiramer acetate is appropriate for rrms.
the balance of evidence indicates that early therapy is essential to delay the accumulation of irreversible neurologic damage and consequent disability.
purpose : an increase in lens thickness is often described as a linear function of age.
however , contradictory opinions exist about whether the lens thickness continues to increase after @number@ years of age.
we investigated among different functions , including slope variation , which would be the best to show the relation between lens thickness and age.
an available model portraying lens growth could be advantageous in many practical applications.
the possibility of differences between sexes in lens thickness growth is also analyzed.
methods : we evaluated @number@ eyes of patients aged between @number@ and @number@ years : @number@ men , @number@ women.
the biometric measurements were performed with the aid of the ocuscan® ( alcon , usa ) .
results : both logarithmic and potential functions provide a good fit for the data ( r2 = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusions : the best fits for the data are both logarithmic and double logarithmic functions.
according to this model , lens growth continues throughout life , but after @number@ years , age-related thickness variations are lower than statistical variability.
no differences were found between the sexes.
the costs and benefits of arousal in memory binding have been examined for younger adults but not for older adults.
the present experiment examined whether arousal would enhance younger and older adults ' within-item and between-item memory binding.
the results revealed that arousal improved younger adults ' within-item memory binding but not that of older adults.
arousal worsened both groups ' between-item memory binding.
results show that time of testing modulates age-related differences only in the ability to resist automatic and prepotent responses.
in contrast , age-related differences in working memory , processing speed , and vocabulary were not modulated by time of the day.
our findings suggest that age-related modulation of performance as a function of the time of the day is specific to resistance to interference.
young and old subjects were tested on their memory for paired-associate terms when cued with either facilitative or misleading word stems.
this study examined the impact of visually guided weight-shifting training on elderly women's limits of stability during static leaning and dynamic swaying in different directions.
training resulted in a reduction of upper body rotation and an increase of shank rotation and center of pressure displacement.
the authors investigated whether incidental task structure was differentially beneficial to younger and older adults.
an age-related difference was identified in the ability to learn an incidental structure under certain conditions and a strategy explanation for the difference was investigated.
when older adults ' were encouraged to orient at least some degree of attention toward the predictive information , learning occurred.
older adults are capable of learning incidental , environmental information but their learning was not identical to younger adults'.
research into alzheimer's disease has long focused on cognitive impairments.
advocates of the person-centered approach argue that emotions and interpersonal responses may remain intact.
this study demonstrates , for the first time , preserved complex emotion-based learning capacity , despite profound episodic memory impairment in alzheimer's disease.
these findings offer a starting point for the development of a solid neuropsychological and neuroanatomical account for the person-centered approach.
this qualitative study of @number@ older adults examines how they allocate their resources in the face of chronic health conditions.
the selection , optimization , and compensation model guided our analysis and interpretation of participants ' responses.
we discuss some implications and nuances of our findings.
social workers are often the key link between older adults , their families and community-based services.
thus , knowledge about older adults and community-based care is imperative for social work practice.
results suggest that the educational model as described in this article sets forth positive outcomes in the education of aging savvy social workers.
ongoing social work education is needed to meet the burgeoning needs of the geriatric population.
severe mental illness ( smi ) impacts many different facets of individuals ' lives.
as they age , those with smi experience increased physical illnesses , functional impairment , cognitive deficits , and social disability.
in addition , intervention approaches that have demonstrated efficacy are summarized along with ways to coordinate services across multiple service delivery sectors.
finally , future directions in practice and research are presented to develop additional methods of support for older adults with smi and their families.
the purpose of this article is to report the influence of gender on aging with childhood onset paralytic polio.
findings are discussed in the context of gendered expectations and the women's bodies.
somatic cellular senescence ( scs ) describes the limited ability of cells to divide.
stressors such as acute injury or chronic inflammation may induce scs , which in turn exhausts organ regenerative potential.
this review summarizes what is known about scs in the kidney with aging and disease.
objectives : to examine the circadian pattern of cardiac autonomic modulation ( cam ) and its attributes in general population.
methods : we obtained 24-h beat-to-beat rr data using a high resolution 12-lead holter ecg in a community-dwelling sample of @number@ non-smokers.
we then used a random-effects meta-analysis to summarize the m , a , and θ , and their @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) .
results : the mean age was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years , with @percent@ female and @percent@ white.
older age is associated with lower mean of hrv.
males have higher oscillation amplitude than females.
the acrophase of lf / hf was earlier in females than in males , and in younger individuals than in older individuals.
conclusions : the circadian pattern of cam can be quantified by @number@ cosine parameters of hrv , which are correlated with age and gender.
bloom's syndrome ( bs ) and fanconi anemia ( fa ) are autosomal recessive disorders characterized by cancer and chromosomal instability.
bs and fa group j arise from mutations in the blm and fancj genes , respectively , which encode dna helicases.
the cellular level of blm is strongly dependent upon fancj , and blm is degraded by a proteasome-mediated pathway when fancj is depleted.
fancj-deficient cells display increased sister chromatid exchange and sensitivity to replication stress.
expression of a fancj c-terminal fragment that interacts with blm exerted a dominant negative effect on hydroxyurea resistance by interfering with the fancj-blm interaction.
fancj and blm synergistically unwound a dna duplex substrate with sugar phosphate backbone discontinuity , but not an ' undamaged ' duplex.
inflammation arising from various etiologies , including infection , autoimmune disorders , chronic diseases , and aging , can promote anemia.
the anemia of inflammation ( ai ) is most often normocytic and normochromic and is usually mild.
characteristic changes in systemic iron handling , erythrocyte production , and erythrocyte life span all contribute to ai.
the preferred treatment is directed at the underlying disease.
however , when the inflammatory insult is intractable , or the cause has not been diagnosed , there are limited options for treatment of ai.
hepcidin antimicrobial peptide has taken center stage in recent years as a potent modulator of iron availability.
as the technology for quantitative hepcidin analysis improves , hepcidin's role in various disease states is also being revealed.
recent insights concerning the regulatory pathways that modify hepcidin expression have identified novel targets for drug development.
anemia is a significant problem in elderly patients.
there is evidence to suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell displays increasing erythropoietin ( epo ) resistance with age.
there is further considerable evidence that aging is associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression and that many of these cytokines can contribute to epo insensitivity.
however , both hct modalities have been associated with organ toxicities and graft-versus-host disease , resulting in substantial non-relapse mortality.
it has become increasingly important to optimize pre-transplant risk assessment in order to improve hct decision making and clinical trial assignments.
single-organ comorbidity involving liver , lung , heart , or kidney before hct has been traditionally found to cause organ toxicity after hct.
recent efforts have resulted in the advent of a weighted scoring system that could sensitively capture multiple-organ comorbidities prior to hct.
the hct-comorbidity index ( hct-ci ) has provided better prediction of hct-related morbidity and mortality than other non-hct-specific indices.
subsequent studies , with the exception of a few studies with modest numbers of patients , have confirmed the prognostic importance of the hct-ci.
further , the hct-ci has been consolidated with various disease-specific and patient-specific risk factors to refine assignments of patients to the appropriate hct setting.
future knowledge of the impacts of multiple comorbidities on post-hct toxicities might guide new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to lessen the procedure's mortality.
many of the complications of hemophilia , including intracranial hemorrhage , joint disease , and inhibitor development , increase with increasing age.
older hemophilia patients also now face the same medical conditions associated with aging in the general population , including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) in adults is a rare disease.
the results of therapy remain unsatisfactory , and progress has been relatively slow.
these trials have also highlighted the major issues we need to focus on if we are to improve outcomes.
the role of allografting in adult all is comprehensively discussed.
results of recent studies on t-cell all and reduced-intensity allografting are reviewed.
the availability of dermal fillers for multiple cosmetic indications has led to a dramatic increase in their application.
although fillers are generally regarded as safe tools for soft tissue augmentation , complications can occur.
they also describe current strategies to avoid , diagnose , and manage complications if they do occur.
all patients were followed up for two years to help develop a protocol for injection technique.
results : the age range of patients in this series was @number@ to @number@ years.
three patients were male and @number@ were female.
the authors we achieved @percent@ follow-up with @percent@ patient satisfaction.
the rate of nodule formation was @percent@ at a minimum follow-up of two years.
many treatments have been described for this area , including fat injections and implants.
however , traditional injection techniques have not proven entirely satisfactory in correcting the problem without resulting irregularities.
objectives : the author describes a technical refinement wherein diluted hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers are injected into the temple.
as the saline component absorbs , the filling material is distributed more evenly in the temple than with undiluted filler.
results : patients experienced improved results , with a smoother appearance to the brow.
there were no instances of complications requiring dissolution of the product with hyaluronidase.
irregularities proved minor and easily correctable ; no intravascular complications were noted in this series of patients.
clinical photographs demonstrate improvement in the \ "pinched \ " upper face and an apparent elongation of the brows.
the author estimates , based on prior experience , that duration of effect will be approximately two to three years.
advancing age is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.
endothelial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation with aging may predispose older arteries to greater ischemia-reperfusion ( i / r ) injury.
fmd returned to baseline levels within @number@ min in young sedentary and endurance-trained subjects but remained depressed in middle-aged sedentary and endurance-trained subjects.
circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and inflammation were not related to fmd.
in conclusion , advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial i / r injury in humans.
habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of i / r injury with advancing age.
moreover , study @number@ showed that this beneficial effect on change in positive affect mediated the experience of fewer cold symptoms over time.
despite this , the exact mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism and insulin signalling transduction remain elusive.
this paper briefly reviews the literature to discuss the role of intracellular compartmentalization in the regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism and insulin signalling.
furthermore , we discuss the role of skeletal muscle transverse tubules as potential modulators of tissue insulin responsiveness.
objectives : to examine the relationships between psychosocial resources and deficits , elder mistreatment , and psychological well-being.
we examined reports of any mistreatment ( verbal , financial , or physical ) and multiple types of mistreatment.
this study quantified activity and sedentary behaviour in older , community-dwelling adults.
factor scores were retained and used as dependent variables in regression analysis.
for postural transitions , lower bmi was the unique contributor , explaining @percent@ of total variance.
significant predictors of sedentary behaviours were not identified.
conclusions : walking , sedentary and transitory behaviours are distinct from each other , and together explain daily function.
objective : to examine relationships between diet and physical performance in community-dwelling older men and women.
setting and participants : a total of @number@ men and women aged 63-73 years who were taking part in the hertfordshire cohort study.
there were no associations between any measure of dietary intake and balance in the women studied.
after adjustment for the effects of confounding influences , we found no associations between diet and physical performance among men.
we have previously reported that minicolumn spacing of cells in human association cortex is selectively reduced in normal aging ( minicolumn thinning ) .
the present study found that such measures detected early disease changes in mci as well as further minicolumn thinning and disruption in ad.
plaques , tangles , and minicolumns were quantified , postmortem , for @number@ controls , @number@ mci , and @number@ ad subjects.
minicolumn changes were correlated with premortem cognitive scores ( mini-mental state examination and verbal fluency ) .
two regions were studied from each brain : association cortex in the planum temporale ( ba22 ) and primary auditory cortex ( ba41 ) .
recently , in the field of forensic medicine the number of unidentified cadavers has increased due to mass disasters and international terrorism.
therefore , it may be possible for us to estimate human age by analyzing mitochondrial activity.
the age of human subjects was estimated through the analysis of human cco activity from @number@ actual forensic cases.
the cco activity , the amount of protein and the mrna expression increased in the 3rd week and decreased afterwards in rats.
furthermore , human cco activity was decreased gradually with aging.
therefore , cco activity analysis may be useful for age estimation in forensic cases.
the purpose of the present article was to review empirical research on the factors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in middle-aged women.
all of the factors identified are relevant to both of these significant women's health issues , suggesting that they are strongly linked.
additional factors of relevance to middle-aged women are menopausal status and aging anxiety , which reflect the distinct developmental challenges faced by women during midlife.
caspases , initially identified as a family of proteases regulating cell death , have been found to have nonapoptotic functions as well.
some family members are critical for mediating programmed cell death in development.
after development , caspases are downregulated in the nervous system , but continue to perform important nonapoptotic functions relevant for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
in neurodegenerative diseases , where aberrant neuronal death is an outstanding feature , there is an increase in caspase activity.
a better understanding of how caspases function in health and disease would provide appropriate specific targets for the development of therapeutic interventions for these diseases.
life and death are exquisitely regulated at the cellular level from development through maturity.
during development , neuronal death is the major factor shaping the nervous system.
this death is mainly caspase-mediated apoptosis.
here , we will discuss the role that the caspases play in neuronal function , dysfunction , and death.
first , we will discuss the regulation of caspase activation and activity.
normal aging is accompanied by various cognitive functional declines.
recent studies have revealed disruptions in the coordination of large-scale functional brain networks such as the default mode network in advanced aging.
however , organizational alterations of the structural brain network at the system level in aging are still poorly understood.
here , using cortical thickness , we investigated the modular organization of the cortical structural networks in @number@ young and @number@ normal aging adults.
brain networks for both cohorts displayed a modular organization overlapping with functional domains such as executive and auditory / language processing.
finally , we observed age-associated alterations in the regional characterization in terms of their intra / inter-module connectivity.
but , when skin distribution was estimated by measuring inhibition of cholinesterase activity , the results were poorly reproducible.
the various grades of commercial dsm solutions were suspected to be the origin of the discrepancies.
this hypothesis was tested by measuring inhibition of human acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by two commercial dsm solutions.
the inhibition rate was independent on the enzyme concentration confirming pseudo-first order conditions.
but complete inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity was achieved only when the dsm concentration was at least 1500-fold higher than the enzyme concentration.
besides , complete inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was never achieved.
in conclusion , cholinesterase-based analytical methods should be avoided for dsm titration in skin penetration studies.
forkhead box o-class ( foxo ) proteins are evolutionally conserved transcription factors.
they belong to a family of proteins consisting of foxo1 , foxo3a , foxo4 and foxo6 in humans.
thus , ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of foxo proteins play an important role in tumorigenesis and represent a viable target for cancer treatment.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : pi3k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
brain aging is characterized by cognitive decline and memory deficits that could be the result of oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic function.
whole brain homogenates ( minus cerebellum ) were collected for examination of brain oxidative markers , caspase-3 and acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) activity.
furthermore , salt- and detergent-soluble ache activity was significantly decreased only in adult mice.
parkinson disease ( pd ) is the most common movement disorder.
mounting evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of pd.
several additional alterations in many other genes have been established to either cause or increase the risk of parkinson disease.
memory deficits associated with aging and alzheimer's disease have been linked to cholinergic dysfunction.
scopolamine significantly impaired performance of aged , but not young dogs.
muscarinic receptor density was assessed autoradiographically using the non-selective radioligand [ ( @number@ ) h ] quinuclidinylbenzilate.
collectively , this supports the use of the aged dog as a model for examining early pathological events in the development of alzheimer's disease.
cytotoxic effects of rcs are due to their capacity to react with cellular constituents , forming advanced lipoxidation end-products ( ales ) .
reactive carbonyl compounds are stable and can diffuse within or even escape from the cell and attack targets far from the site of formation.
study design : patients ( n = @number@ ) with temporomandibular disorders ( age , @number@ to @number@ years ) underwent clinical and radiographic examinations.
in addition , we interpreted the reassessment radiographs of @number@ of the patients.
results : seven hundred eleven patients had radiographic signs of oa.
most patients ( 541 / 711 , @percent@ ) with signs of oa showed proliferative changes of oa.
moreover , @percent@ of patients with tmjoa ( 88 / 156 ) remained stable.
conclusions : these results suggest that although oa is an age-related disease , aging is not the crucial factor in the pathogenesis of oa.
moreover , older participants showed reduced relative activation in the right occipito-temporal source of mn2pc.
the primary outcome measure was the time to adjudicated all-cause dementia and alzheimer dementia ( ad ) .
in participants who initiated statin therapy , lipophilic statins tended to reduce dementia risk more than nonlipophilic agents.
however , in individuals without mci at baseline , there was a trend for a neuroprotective effect of statins on cognitive decline.
the ed ( @number@ ) for glutamic acid and the @number@ established excitotoxins was 200- to 360-fold lower , varying from @number@ to @number@ μm.
differentiating between parkinson's disease ( pd ) and atypical parkinsonism ( ap ) is clinically relevant but challenging.
a timely and correct diagnosis might result in better targeted treatment strategies , adequate patient counseling , and early recognition of disease-specific complications.
we aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) concentrations of α-synuclein are of additional diagnostic value.
gold standard was the clinical diagnosis established after @number@ years of clinical follow-up.
csf concentrations of α-synuclein , blood pigments and the erythrocyte count were determined.
no differences between csf α-synuclein concentrations of patients with pd with the reference values from our laboratory were observed.
we neither found significant differences between patients with pd and ap nor between ap subgroups.
adjustment for age , disease severity or presence of erythrocytes or blood pigments in csf did not alter these results.
our results imply that csf α-synuclein is currently unsuitable as biomarker to differentiate between pd and ap.
exercise can alter the balance of oxidative and anti-oxidative species within the human body and may cause oxidative damage to lipoproteins.
the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a moderate intensity exercise program on markers of oxidative stress in older age adults.
walking at moderate intensity caused a significant weight decrease in the exercise group , but did not have any significant effect on vo2max.
exercise at this intensity was not harmful and did not increase risk factors for diseases associated with oxidative stress in the participants of the study.
design : observational , clinical study.
the interocular differences in rnfl thickness were calculated , and normal ranges of interocular differences were determined as the @number@.5th and @number@.5th percentiles.
the @number@.5th and @number@.5th percentile interocular difference tolerance limits for average rnfl thickness were @number@ μm and @number@ μm , respectively.
the interocular difference remained stable despite significant decrease in rnfl thickness with aging.
deoxyhemoglobin reduces nitrite to nitric oxide ( no ) .
the nitrite reaction with deoxyhemoglobin was followed by chemiluminescence , electron paramagnetic resonance and visible spectroscopy.
this reaction is shown by visible spectroscopy to occur @number@ times faster in the r-state than in the t-state.
the efficiency of somatic energy metabolism is correlated with cognitive change over the lifespan.
we sought to examine whether hepatic arteriolar size , wall thickness , and luminal diameter change with increasing age.
trichrome-stained slides were de-identified and assessed by a liver pathologist blinded to donor age.
morphometric measurements were taken of the hepatic arteriole , the cross-sectional diameter , and its wall thickness.
the arteriole was measured at its widest diameter , the arteriolar wall at its thickest portion , and the luminal diameter between its widest points.
conclusions : increasing hepatic arteriolar wall thickness and decreased arteriolar cross-sectional diameter occur with increasing age in the normal human liver.
aim : to evaluate the impact of ms on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women.
comprehensive history taking , anthropometric measurement , laboratory testing , and questionnaire administration were performed for each of the total @number@ women enrolled.
main outcome measures : the female sexual function index ( fsfi ) was used to assess the key dimensions of female sexual function.
conclusions : our study suggests that ms may have little impact on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women.
further studies with population-based and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm this finding.
background : oral health among the higher educated is known to be better than among the less-well educated.
on the other hand , the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease has been found to grow with increasing age.
methods : the participants were derived from a population-based helsinki aging study , a random sample of 76- , 81- and 86-year-old elderly.
the @number@ dentate elderly who underwent clinical oral examinations at baseline and @number@ who participated in the follow-up were included in this study.
the data was collected from intraoral and radiological examinations and from a structured questionnaire.
results : subjects with a higher level of education had more retained teeth than subjects with a lower level of education.
according to cpitn index , better-educated participants had more healthy sextants , but they also had more sextants with periodontal pockets.
radiographic examination showed similar results.
conclusion : level of education has a clear effect on the periodontal health status in the elderly.
more treatment need seems to polarise into those elderly who are better educated as they retain more teeth into old age.
such oxidative stress brings damage by oxidation of cell components such as lipids , proteins , and dna.
on the other hand , regular exercise and proper nutrition containing some antioxidant can improve the muscle function by a reduction of excessive oxidative stress.
vascular calcification has severe clinical consequences and is considered an accurate predictor of future adverse cardiovascular events.
vascular calcification refers to the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral , most often hydroxyapatite , in arteries.
extensive calcification of the vascular system is a key characteristic of aging.
in this article , we outline the mechanisms governing vascular calcification and highlight its association with cellular senescence.
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is one of the major non-genetic risk factors for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
however , the mechanism by which dm increases the risk of ad has not been elucidated.
here , we summarize recent findings to address this question.
therefore , alternate mechanisms might exist.
recent studies using the human brain indicate that insulin signaling is impaired in the ad brain.
our recent study involving ad mice with dm has revealed that a vicious circle underlies the interaction between ad and dm.
interestingly , in our mouse model , ad increased rage expression , and dm worsened caa.
the contribution of vascular factors such as rage expression and caa to the impairment of insulin signaling will be discussed.
this impaired insulin signaling might be a possible link between ad and dm.
moreover , insulin signaling is also involved in the mechanism of aging , decreasing with an increase in age.
the nature of knowledge , i.e. sensory-dependent or abstract , is controversial.
growing evidence supports the existence of sensory-dependent knowledge in young individuals , but this question remains unexplored in elderly individuals.
thus the first objective of this study was to assess sensory-dependent knowledge in normal aging using a cross-modal priming paradigm.
the cross-modal priming is a way to verify the nature of knowledge.
however , contradictory results are reported about the existence of a cross-modal priming effect in normal aging.
therefore , the second objective was to assess the executive involvement in the priming task.
the method was based on a cross-modal priming paradigm with familiar bimodal items.
first , all the sound primes were presented.
for half of them , a visual abstract mask was presented simultaneously.
then , all the visual targets were processed.
a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess the involvement of executive functions in the priming paradigm.
the results demonstrated a priming effect in the young and elderly participants , but only for the primes presented without the visual mask.
the mask interference demonstrated the perceptual nature of the priming effect which supports the sensory-dependent theory of knowledge.
the executive functions were correlated with the priming task only in the elderly participants.
these results therefore support the task difficulty hypothesis.
the aging process is a universal , intrinsic , progressive accumulation of deleterious changes in cells and tissues that increases morbidity and leads to death.
the current analysis reexamines the relationship between supplemental vitamin e and all-cause mortality.
all randomized , controlled trials testing the treatment effect of vitamin e supplementation in adults for at least one year were sought.
studies were also obtained through reference mining.
mortality data from trials with a supplementation period of at least one year were pooled.
the selected trials ( n = @number@ ) were published between @number@ and @number@
sample sizes range from @number@ to @number@ ( median = @number@ ) , yielding @number@ subjects and @number@ all-cause deaths.
duration of supplementation for the @number@ trials range from one to @number@ years ( median = @number@ years ) .
age is an established major risk factor for glaucoma that can be used along with other data to compute chances of developing glaucoma.
this leading cause of blindness is becoming increasingly more prevalent in the aging population.
early diagnosis of glaucoma remains difficult.
classic treatment can delay progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy by lowering intraocular pressure medically or surgically.
recent insights into the age-related molecular changes of the outflow tract and retinal ganglion cells have encouraged search for new treatment approaches.
new findings suggest that age related tissue changes themselves contribute significantly and are not just associated.
in the arterial wall nitric oxide ( no ) is the key transmitter for endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone.
it is produced in intact endothelial cells by endothelial no synthase ( enos ) as the key enzyme from l-arginine.
endothelial no generation is highly regulated by mechanical , humoral , and metabolic factors.
cgmp in turn increases ca2 + uptake into intracellular calcium stores thereby lowering [ ca2 + ] i and inducing vsmc relaxation and vasodilation.
on its way to the vsmcs no may be prematurely degraded by reactive oxygen species.
redox homeostasis governs a number of critical cellular processes.
reduced glutathione is the most prevalent biological thiol and plays a crucial role in maintaining a reduced intracellular environment.
exposure to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is causatively linked to the disease pathologies associated with redox imbalance.
this post-translational modification adds a tripeptide and a net negative charge that can lead to distinct structural and functional changes in the target protein.
introduction : apron controllers ( acs ) determine the taxiways for aircraft entering the apron area until they reach their parking positions and vice versa.
methods : study 1 : there were @number@ experienced acs who assessed the job requirements of apron control with the fleishman-job analyses survey.
study 2 : there were @number@ acs ( age : 23-51 yr ) who volunteered for trials during late shifts at an international airport.
moreover , their heart rate was assessed during the shift and in a reference period.
results : study 1 : results indicate that apron control requires especially high levels of memory-load and processing speed.
up to the age of about 35-37 yr , workload and heart rate decreased with age , but afterwards the relationship became positive.
there was no association between chronological age and attention performance.
this study assessed the relationship between intake of nutrients and dental caries in preschool children.
one hundred and eighty-two children aged three to six years were recruited from nine day care centers in central taiwan.
these children had an oral health examination , and their parents or guardians answered a questionnaire.
each child's intake of nutrients was estimated using the 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire data.
the prevalence of dental caries was @number@ % and increased with age.
not being a first-born and having more between-meal snacks were associated with increased caries risk.
there was no significant association between dental caries and energy , macronutrient intake , and ca / p ratio , respectively.
vegetable intake was also significantly associated with lower dental caries score.
methodology : blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of @number@ morbidly obese individuals were assessed.
results : metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in @percent@ of the sample.
within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased.
serum retinol didn't show this behavior.
lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome.
this could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease , which affects a significant part of the population.
cognitive decline associated with ageing and age-related disorders emerges as one of the greatest health challenges in the next decades.
to date , the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of neuronal physiological changes in the central nervous system remain unclear.
functional mri and pet studies have indicated the decline in working memory performance in older adults.
this is mainly attributed to the loss of synaptic connectivity , which is a feature commonly observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
thus , a new scenario emerges in which apparently unrelated diseases present common features , such as the remodelling of neuronal circuitries promoted by ageing.
for many years , ageing was considered a process of slow deterioration triggered by accidental environmental factors.
conversely , it is now evident that ageing is a biological process tightly controlled by evolutionary highly conserved signalling pathways.
importantly , genetic mutations that enhance longevity significantly delay the loss of synaptic connectivity and , therefore , the onset of age-related brain disorders.
accordingly , tweaking ageing might be an attractive approach to prevent cognitive decline caused by age-related synaptic dysfunction.
biogerontology in turkey has focused on general retardation of the aging process giving priority to caloric restriction and oxidative stress mechanisms.
the most popular investigation area for the scientists has been the oxidant and anti-oxidant systems in different tissues.
however , the turkish biogerontology science needs more manpower , economical and infrastructural and other resources for the promising studies in the future.
in the present longitudinal study , performance on the mmse and the ninl tests were compared over a 4-year period.
individual ninl scores over this period were highly correlated.
in addition , while mmse scores did not change over the 4-year period , ninl scores did.
these results support that the ninl might be a valuable tool to assess age-related cognitive decline.
this study occurred during 2007-2009 in @number@ of @number@ counties in kentucky.
a rural region ( @number@ counties ) received the intervention , consisting of focus groups , extension agent training , and television-based social marketing campaign.
partial-intervention counties ( @number@ counties ) received only the television-based social marketing campaign.
the control counties ( @number@ counties ) received no intervention activities.
results indicated that the intervention counties agreed more with being able to assist elder adults with a potential mental illness.
we analyzed by pulse-chase assays , whether cellular signaling can affect hδor ( cys27 ) maturation.
no signaling-mediated regulation of receptor maturation could therefore be demonstrated.
introduction : the objective of this article was to estimate the age at death in forensic or anthropologic applications based on human skull investigation.
sex-dependent differences were analyzed.
data were collected by the department of forensic medicine at the university hospital giessen and marburg during @number@ and @number@
correlation analysis was used for data description.
results : human skull density estimates are widely scattered as a function of age for both sexes.
male skull bone density remains constant during lifetime , whereas female skull bone density decays slowly from approximately @number@ years onwards.
conclusions : bone density decay only theoretically provides a new method to determine age at death for adult females.
we found new sex differences of bone density decay in the skull that are potentially of relevance for the general understanding of bone degradation processes.
this study investigated the effect of attending pre-school on mucosal immunity.
children @number@ to @number@ years of age who attended pre-school were observed for a @number@ month period.
demographic information was collected on previous childcare experiences , the home environment and clinical information relating to the child and the family.
a daily illness log was kept for each child.
lower iga levels were associated with being atopic ( p < @number@ ) .
higher igg levels were associated with exposure to ets ( p < @number@ ) , while lower levels were associated to having atopy.
lagged analyses demonstrated that immunological parameters were affected by the number of respiratory infections in the preceding @number@ months.
the effects of aging on central hemodynamics during exercise have not been well characterized.
this study sought to investigate changes in central hemodynamics during cycle exercise in young , middle-aged , and older men.
we describe the morphologic features of the pocket in normal individuals.
methods : we performed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in @number@ eyes of @number@ normal subjects of various ages in a sitting position.
the vitreous cortex was extremely thin at the central fovea , and it gradually thickened along with age in the perifoveal area.
a shallow perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment developed in @number@ of @number@ eyes ( @percent@ ) of subjects aged > 51 years.
the lamellar structure of the vitreous cortex was seen in @number@ of the @number@ eyes ( @percent@ ) of subjects aged > 51 years.
conclusion : spectral-domain optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of the pocket in all ages.
thickened vitreous cortex and perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment were physiologic findings in older individuals.
the lamellar structure of the vitreous cortex may be related to the vitreoschisis.
cognitive load was assessed by means of pupillometry ( i.e. , examination of pupil dilation ) , supplemented with subjective ratings.
we examined the pupil response during listening : the peak amplitude , the peak latency , the mean dilation , and the pupil response duration.
for each condition , participants rated the experienced listening effort and estimated their performance level.
participants also performed the text reception threshold ( trt ) test , a test of processing speed , and a word vocabulary test.
data were compared with previously published data from young participants with normal hearing.
results : hearing loss was related to relatively poor srts , and higher speech intelligibility was associated with lower effort and higher performance ratings.
for listeners with normal hearing , increasing age was associated with poorer trts and slower processing speed but with larger word vocabulary.
a multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated main effects of group and snr and an interaction effect between these factors on the pupil response.
the decrease in the pupil response as a function of increasing snr was relatively small for the listeners with hearing loss.
also , a larger word vocabulary was related to longer response duration in the srt84% condition for the participants with normal hearing.
conclusions : the pupil response systematically increased with decreasing speech intelligibility.
ageing and hearing loss were related to less release from effort when increasing the intelligibility of speech in noise.
in difficult listening conditions , these factors may induce cognitive overload relatively early or they may be associated with relatively shallow speech processing.
more research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms explaining these results.
better trts and larger word vocabulary were related to higher mental processing load across speech intelligibility levels.
this indicates that utilizing linguistic ability to improve speech perception is associated with increased listening load.
an understanding of rbm development is critical to understanding the extent and time of appearance of its abnormal thickening that is characteristic of asthma.
results : the rbm was visible by light microscopy at @number@ weeks gestation.
after @number@ years , rbm thickness decreased with increasing age ( r = -0.42 , p < 0.05 ) .
there was a direct relationship between epithelial height and rbm thickness ( r = 0.6 , p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : the rbm in these subjects was microscopically identifiable by @number@ weeks gestation.
it thickened during childhood and adolescence.
in adults , there was either no relationship with age , or a slow reduction in thickness in older age.
developmental changes of rbm thickness were accompanied by similar changes in epithelial height , supporting the close relationship between rbm and epithelium within the emtu.
background : advanced glycation end-products ( age ) are pivotal in aging and diabetes.
aging and polycystic ovary syndrome , a diabetes-associated disease , often cause infertility.
we examined how age accumulation affects assisted reproductive technology ( art ) outcomes.
we analyzed associations of age with art outcomes and pre-art clinical factors.
age , pent in ff and tage in serum showed significant negative correlations with ongoing pregnancy.
conclusions : serum tage and ff pent accumulations correlated highly with poor follicular and embryonic development and with a lower likelihood of ongoing pregnancy.
serum tage predicts poor art outcomes independent of age and day-3 fsh.
background : conflicting results have been reported regarding the use of polarized microscopy as a predictive tool for human oocyte quality.
methods : oocytes from @number@ icsi cycles were analysed with polarized microscopy.
both qualitative ( spindle presence ) and quantitative ( retardance ) data were correlated to the key assisted reproduction technology outcome parameters.
these data were correlated with confocal analysis of spindle-chromosome complex.
results : spindles were detected in @percent@ of in vivo matured oocytes and in @percent@ adjacent to the first polar body ( pb ) .
fertilization rate was higher in oocytes with a visible spindle ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : oocytes with absent spindles were associated with lower fertilization rates and advanced female age.
other important outcome parameters ( embryo quality , pregnancy rates ) were not correlated to spindle nor zona inner layer analysis.
objective : the effect of local immunotherapy with bacille calmette-guérin in elderly patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer has not yet been fully evaluated.
the associations between patient age or pathological findings and tumor recurrence were determined.
side effects were classified as minor or major and were analyzed on the basis of their incidences in each age group.
the kaplan-meier curves of recurrence-free survival rates demonstrated that patients aged 55-64 had been continuously tumor-free than the equal or older than @number@ group.
the presence of previous bladder cancer and grade @number@ were independent predictors for tumor recurrence ; however , patients ' age was not selected.
the incidence of fever was slightly higher and that of cystitis was lower in the younger group.
conclusions : age does not certainly affect recurrence in patients with bladder cancer treated with bacille calmette-guérin therapy.
the related side effects in the elderly patients were almost equal to those in the younger.
with careful monitoring , bacille calmette-guérin therapy is safe even in elderly patients.
objective : to investigate the effects of 6-inch shu for @number@ weeks in community-living patients with chronic oh.
design : open labelled randomised controlled trial.
methods : one hundred patients aged ≥60 with chronic oh were randomised into shu or control groups.
primary outcome measures were mean arterial pressure ( map ) and symptoms.
results : symptoms improved , to a similar extent , in both groups.
there were no differences in map or other haemodynamic parameters , weight , urinary volume or 24-abpm between shu and controls.
shu were more likely to have leg oedema.
its use in this group should therefore be discouraged.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is generally considered to be a disorder primarily affecting memory.
it is increasingly recognized that the clinical presentation or \ "cognitive phenotype \ " is variable.
we examined polymorphisms in the genes ace and ide in relation to cognitive phenotype.
in this study @number@ participants with ad were categorized into @number@ of @number@ cognitive phenotype classifications : typical , amnestic , language , and posterior.
family history and possession of the apoe ε4 allele were most prevalent in the amnestic group.
based in the mitogenic and neurotrophic activities of pgrn , we hypothesized that pgrn deficit may induce cell cycle disturbances and alterations in neuronal vulnerability.
a loss of function of tdp-43 repressing cdk6 expression may result from altered subcellular tdp-43 distribution.
ten percent to @percent@ of all human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy are characterized by a mutation in prion protein gene ( prnp ) .
they are distinct with respect to clinical signs , disease onset , disease duration , and diagnostic findings.
the clinical syndromes were characterized by nonspecific and psychiatric symptoms at disease onset and progressed to predominant motor signs.
these patients showed a late median disease onset of @number@ years and short disease duration of @number@ months.
in absence of family history , they mimicked sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) .
as a secondary magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) abnormality , we have seen conspicuous common involvement of the subcortical white matter in @percent@.
four patients underwent autopsy-pathological lesions revealed striking similarity to sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease but also involvement of the white matter.
these results question the often assumed link between apoe , the blood oxygenation level dependent ( bold ) response , and ad risk.
the participants were healthy volunteers aged 50-81 , some of whom had elevated blood pressure , a known vascular risk factor.
using latent variable analyses , we examined whether age differences in regional white matter integrity mediated age-related differences in executive functions and speed of processing.
smaller linear anisotropy partially mediated age-related reduction in speed of processing.
the presence of hypertensive participants did not affect the results.
we conclude that in healthy adults , deterioration of axonal integrity and ensuing breech of connectivity may underpin age-related slowing of information processing.
this might reflect methodological differences but possibly also the pathophysiological heterogeneity of the disorder , i.e. the age at onset of ocd.
statistical models indicated that a variety of covariates and their interaction influenced sert availability measured by distribution volume ratios ( dvr ) .
the putamen , nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus were found with significant interaction between two sert gene polymorphisms ( sert-lpr and vntr ) .
these findings suggest that late but not early onset of ocd is associated with abnormally low sert availability.
in part , functional polymorphisms of the sert gene might determine the differences.
right thoracic curvature has also been reported in the normal spine.
for this reason , we investigated right thoracic curvature in the normal spine.
methods : for normal spinal measurements , @number@ patients who underwent a posteroanterior chest radiographs were evaluated.
the exclusion criteria were obvious chest and spinal diseases.
right thoracic curvature was given a positive value.
results : in child group , cobb angle in left was @number@ in neutral was @number@ and in right was @number@
in adolescent group , cobb angle in left was @number@ in neutral was @number@ and in right was @number@
in adult group , cobb angle in left was @number@ in neutral was @number@ and in right was @number@
there was no significant difference in curvature pattern between adolescent and adult group.
conclusions : based on standing chest radiographic measurements , a right thoracic curvature was observed in normal spines after adolescence.
background : qualitative and quantitative changes in human mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) have been implicated in various cancer types.
methods : we conducted a comprehensive study on clinical features and mtdna of @number@ colorectal cancer patients in the wenzhou area of china.
in patients with the @number@ bp deletion , the deletion level decreased as the cancer stage advanced ( p = @number@ ) .
such mtdna content increase correlated with the levels of the @number@ bp deletion and with cancer stage ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : • in aging males , androgen deficiency symptoms were reported at normal levels of testosterone , but age was an important confounder.
symptom-specific testosterone thresholds could not be defined.
methods : in @number@ population-based cross-sectional surveys were carried out in @number@ municipalities in västerbotten , sweden and @number@ municipalities in ostrobothnia , finland.
the statistical analysis was three-stage , including nominal stepwise regressions.
moreover , they possess confidence in economic institutions and are more likely to feel economically secure.
weak trust in family and friends or neighbours and decreased functional ability seem to indicate a subjective feeling of ' insecurity'.
in nursing , there should be more focus on developing knowledge of inner health resources , including positive life orientation and meaningfulness in life.
aim : this study assessed the effects of ecg spectral entropy on obstructive sleep apnea / hypopnea syndrome ( osahs ) depending on age.
study design : ecg was recorded using a pbsm , and the maximum entropy of ecg every @number@ rr intervals was calculated.
these entropies were compared with the age and sleeping indices obtained with a conventional polysomnography ( psg ) system.
the ecg entropy value and hf value decreased at > or = @number@ years old with statistically significant.
a simple technique for imaging the human skeleton with a flatbed scanner is presented using the auricular surface of the ilium as an example.
a flatbed scanner with resolution capabilities of @number@ dpi or greater allows for images of human bones.
results indicate that scores of scanned images are equivalent or better than digital images of the same ilia.
this technique allows for sharing data electronically with ease.
qualitative in-depth interviews explored the challenges confronting women during this period.
in doing so , continuities and divergences that exist between existing literature on midlife transitions and women's own perspectives are highlighted.
i investigated the association between depression and percent body fat , two major global problems.
participants are @number@ american women , ages 39-49 , who responded to a detailed self-administered mailed questionnaire.
my results showed a positive correlation ; the adjusted or = @number@ @percent@ ci ( @number@ @number@ ) , p = @number@
my findings may aid health and mental health care providers in the management and treatment of patients seen in settings with limited resources.
three overarching themes are identified.
second , respondents described the process of ' knowing your place ' within social hierarchies as a means through which they are rendered tolerable.
finally , interviewees described the dynamics of stigma as all-consuming , relegating them to the ' quagmire of an hiv ghetto'.
methods : one hundred and twelve patients with mci , @number@ patients with ad , and @number@ healthy elderly adults participated in this study.
results : the srt was well-correlated with the dementia rating scales and the k-hvlt.
however , the sensitivity and specificity of the srt was greatly influenced by the level of education of the subjects.
objective : lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) are common in aging men and are often associated with erectile dysfunction ( ed ) .
we explored the correlation between luts ( assessed by ipss ) and ed ( assessed by shim ) in men over @number@ years of age.
all patients were evaluated using shim and ipss questionnaires.
the self-administered ipss and shim questionnaires were translated in the local language ( not validated yet ) as well.
the data were analyzed using spss version @number@
the correlation coefficient between ipss and shim scores were determined , and the scatter diagram was made.
results and limitations : the mean age ( sd ) of the group was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the correlation between age and ed was statistically significant ( p value < @number@ ) with coefficient of @number@
the correlation between age and luts was statistically significant ( p value < @number@ ) with coefficient of @number@
additionally , the correlation between ed and luts was statistically significant ( p value < @number@ ) with coefficient of @number@
the exact nature of this relationship and its pathophysiology needs to be determined by further studies.
a cross-sectional study was made with @number@ healthy elderly subjects from florianópolis , santa catarina state , brazil.
body fat percentage ( %bf ) was determined using dexa ( dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ) .
the bmi cut-off point of the nsi offers better sensitivity and specificity for men ( @percent@ and @percent@ respectively ) .
the who cut-off point offered very low sensitivity ( @percent@ ) .
methods : annual sex- and age-specific hf rates ( per @number@ population ) were determined and standardized using the australian @number@ population census.
results : in the act , the peak annual number of prescriptions for bps was observed in @number@
there was an inverse statistically significant relationship between the total annual number of bp prescriptions and standardized hf incidence rates for the 10-year period 1999-2008.
our results need to be confirmed in other populations and countries.
bone remodeling requires a precise balance between resorption and formation.
in this review , the rank / rankl / opg pathway is described.
indeed , these two new drugs afford appreciable assistance in daily care practice , helping to prevent bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
colles ' fractures ( fractures of the distal radius ) are extremely common in the elderly.
these fractures tend to result in displacement in elderly people because they have osteoporotic bone.
fracture displacement in the elderly , however , does not necessarily result in functional impairment.
this review looks at the current literature on distal radius fractures in the elderly and the treatment options for stabilization of these fractures.
these include conservative management with cast immobilization or surgical options : internal fixation , external fixation , percutaneous pinning , and bone substitutes.
objective : the use of physicians is more common than of behavioral specialists , especially in underserved asian american communities.
despite a rapidly aging asian american population , research has overlooked older people.
this study examines the way mental health need affects the number of physician contacts by older asian americans.
method : this study uses data on self-identified asian americans aged over age @number@ years derived from the @number@ california health interview survey.
a total of @number@ asian americans from chinese , filipino , korean , and vietnamese backgrounds were studied.
replicate weights were applied to account for the survey's complex sampling methods.
linear regression was used to identify the number of physician contacts.
perceiving a mental health need was associated with a decreased number of physician contacts for filipino and korean americans.
conclusion : this study revealed interethnic differences among older asian americans ' contact with physicians.
health and mental health professionals can work toward reducing mental health disparities by accounting for older asian americans ' help-seeking patterns when designing evidence-based interventions.
psychosocial interventions have been effective in treating geriatric depression , either alone or better yet , in combination with antidepressant medications.
traditional strategies for nonpharmacological treatment of late-life depression do not specifically address the co-occurring cognitive impairment and disability that is prevalent in this population.
results : study results show an excellent correction of facial defects.
tolerance and aesthetic quality of the correction obtained indicate considerable safety features and absence of side effects.
from a clinical point of view , hydrogel is gradually absorbed into the injection site without migration issues.
conclusion : cross-linked cmc hydrogel proves to be an ideal agent for soft tissue augmentation with regard to safety and ease of application.
it did not cause infection , extrusion , migration , or adverse reactions in the patients who have been followed for two years.
delayed aesthetic results on facial wrinkles were very satisfactory.
to specifically address the pathogenesis of this mutation , we created nbc1 w516x knock-in mice to match the patient's abnormalities.
in isolated renal proximal tubules , both nbc1 activity and the rate of bicarbonate absorption were markedly reduced.
unexpectedly , there was no compensatory increase in mrna of distal acid / base transporters.
sodium bicarbonate but not saline administration to these mutant mice markedly prolonged their survival , decreased their protein catabolism and attenuated organ abnormalities.
the prolonged survival time uncovered the development of corneal opacities due to corneal edema.
background : restoration of cheek volume is recognized as an important part of facial rejuvenation.
however , there are no previous studies that have determined whether any soft-tissue technique is effective for achieving lasting malar augmentation.
methods : this study prospectively evaluated a subset of five patients who had deep-plane face lifts with fat injection , and other facial cosmetic procedures.
axial , coronal , and sagittal images , t1- and t2-weighted , were obtained.
thickness of the malar fat pads was measured.
results : malar thicknesses showed significant increases at the time of the 1-month follow-up appointments ( p < @number@ ) .
this increase was maintained at the next follow-up appointment ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no significant difference in thickness between the first postoperative appointment and the second postoperative appointment.
the t1- and t2-weighted images revealed that the increase was attributable to tissue with fat density , not fluid.
the average increase in malar projection was @number@ cm for the right cheek and @number@ cm for the left cheek.
this study confirms the rationale for injecting fat at the time of face-lift surgery.
objective : cross-sectional studies suggest an association between hysterectomy and negative affect.
annually reported hysterectomy at visits @number@ to @number@ was verified with medical records when available ( @percent@ ) .
cox proportional hazards models were used to relate these variables to subsequent elective hysterectomy.
covariates included demographic variables , menstrual bleeding problems , body mass index , hormone levels , and self-rated health , also assessed at baseline.
results : elective hysterectomy was reported by @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of participants over an 8-year period.
women with hysterectomy were not higher in negative affect or negative attitudes toward aging and menopause compared with women without hysterectomy.
menstrual bleeding problems at baseline were the strongest predictor of hysterectomy ( hr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusions : in this prospective examination , negative affect and attitudes were not associated with subsequent hysterectomy.
menstrual bleeding problems were the major determinant of elective hysterectomy.
in modern societies , the proportion of women who delay childbearing beyond the age of @number@ years has greatly increased in recent decades.
they are falsely reassured by popular beliefs that advances in new reproductive technologies can compensate for the age-related decline in fertility.
yet age remains the single most important determinant of male and female fertility , either natural or treated.
this review summarizes available evidence regarding the impact of delaying childbearing on fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
currently , pharmacological dementia treatment is exclusively focused on medicines.
unfortunately , their effectiveness is not interminable , and the effect size limited.
novel approaches such as vaccinations are currently under vigorous investigation , but still far from translation into clinical practice.
thus , the consequent exploitation of opportunities which are already known is pivotal.
longevity will become a significant burden for developed countries already within the next 10-20 years.
by @number@ the 80 + generation will increase by at least @percent@ and in @number@ by at least @percent@ , compared to @number@
if the associated dementia challenge is not adequately tackled , longevity may no longer remain desirable for aged societies.
numerous recent studies have found that overweight adults experience lower overall mortality than those who are underweight , normal-weight , or obese.
prior results suggesting that the overweight bmi category corresponds to the lowest risk of mortality may not be generalizable to indicators of health risk.
methods : a population-based sample of @number@ malay adults aged @number@ to @number@ years in singapore was used for this analysis.
conclusions : metabolic syndrome and its two key components , high bp and diabetes were associated with age-related cataract.
aging is associated with a decline in b-lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow and accumulation of long-lived b cells in the periphery.
these changes decrease the body's ability to mount protective antibody responses.
we show here that age-related changes in the b lineage are mediated by the accumulating long-lived b cells.
background : the paradoxical phenomenon of relative longevity among obese patients with established diseases has been reported for various disease conditions.
the authors sought to investigate whether the obesity paradox also applies to intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) survivors.
associations between obesity and 30-day mortality or long-term risk of death were analyzed.
neither bmi nor obesity status were associated with 30-day mortality after ich.
conclusion : in our study , obesity was associated with a lower risk of long-term death but not with 30-day mortality after ich.
research design and methods : the sat / vat ratio ( svr ) was calculated using abdominal computed tomography in @number@ subjects.
we used regression analyses to assess whether the svr predicted mets.
conclusions : after adjustment for vat , abdominal sat was inversely correlated with the occurrence of mets.
this study aimed to clarify the age-specific risks affecting the short-term outcome after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) .
renal dysfunction , arrhythmia , preoperative inotropes , and emergency surgery were the predictors for mortality common to all groups.
background : anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) is a promising marker of ovarian reserve.
serum levels of amh , fsh , lh , progesterone and estradiol were measured.
( p = @number@ ) and @time@ .
( p = @number@ ) with a maximum mean difference of @number@ pmol / l ( @percent@ ) .
the same pattern was seen in both the age groups.
including both the age groups , the overall circadian variation of the amh levels did not reach statistical significance ( p = @number@ ) .
a significant positive correlation between amh and lh concentration was seen over the 24-h period ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : a slight decrease in serum amh levels during the late night appears not clinically relevant.
co-variation in the levels of lh and amh might indicate joint regulatory mechanisms for the latter hormone and gonadotrophins.
objective : in the elderly , obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is frequently under diagnosed.
this study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of the berlin questionnaire to diagnose osa in a large healthy elderly population.
patients and methods : six hundred forty-three participants aged @number@ years were examined.
all subjects completed the berlin questionnaire and underwent at-home respiratory recording.
presence of osa was defined by an ahi > 15.
results : of the respondents , @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) were in an osa high-risk group according to the berlin questionnaire.
the high-risk subjects were significantly heavier , had greater waist and hip circumferences , higher ahi , and reported more frequently hypertension and diabetes.
among berlin questionnaire categories , snoring correctly classified @percent@ of the sample and explained the @percent@ variance of ahi.
conclusions : the berlin questionnaire did not provide a high level of diagnostic specificity to discriminate osa in an elderly population.
although not sufficiently accurate , this questionnaire can be used to identify subjects for sleep study assessment.
purpose : to investigate the reliability of a 3d-accelerometry based gait analysis , and its correlates with clinical status and fall-risk.
compared to oc , ofr showed significantly ( p < 0.05 ) slower gait speed , and worse step and stride regularity.
gait speed , step-time asymmetry , step and stride regularity related significantly ( p < 0.05 ) with several functional outcomes.
conclusions : in all participants together , 3d-accelerometry based gait speed and regularity showed high reliability when based on two walks of @number@ m.
relationships with functional characteristics support the validity of gait variability features in elderly persons.
more fundamental and prospective research is necessary to clarify their clinical value.
clinical balance and mobility tests may be able to detect such aging effects.
each test was performed with free and limited arm movement and the outcomes were compared.
participants were contacted via the dutch prader-willi parent association and through physicians specialized in persons with id.
behaviors were studied using the developmental behavior checklist for adults ( dbc-a ) .
the forms were completed by the main caregivers of @number@ adults with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of pws.
differences between age groups were statistically significant ( anova , p = 0.03 ) .
dbc-a total scores were higher in the consecutive age groups , with the most behavioral problems in the oldest age groups.
differences between genetic subtypes were also statistically significant ( anova , p < 0.01 ) .
persons with mupd had higher total scores on the dbc-a than persons with a deletion.
those with a type i deletion showed higher total dbc-a scores than persons with a type ii deletion.
there were no statistically significant differences in dbc-a total scores between the different bmi categories.
individuals with a bmi < 25 had higher scores on the self-absorbed subscale compared to persons with a bmi between @number@ and @number@
unlike previous descriptions of the behavioral phenotype in adults with pws , we did not find a reduction in behavioral problems in older adults.
therefore , special attention should be paid to behavioral problems as part of general management of adults with pws.
the association between education and good health is well established , but whether the strength of the association depends on other social statuses is not.
finally , as the poorly educated age , the negative health effects of their parents ' low educational attainment get worse.
in this paper , @number@ healthy subjects in two age groups have produced rapid handwriting strokes with a direction reversal.
the delta-lognormal model was used to obtain a detailed description of the velocity of these movements and of the neuromuscular synergy that produces them.
our analysis revealed a substantial increase of neuromuscular response delays and a decrease of the command amplitudes with age.
for the parameters that show a significant decrease in performance , the agonist and antagonist systems were affected similarly.
this performance might be related to the preservation of some movement timing properties and relationships between the agonist and the antagonist neuromuscular systems.
high-contrast ( @percent@ ) visual acuity , @percent@ low-contrast letter acuity and @percent@ low-contrast letter acuity were assessed in @number@ ms patients.
two-sample t-tests were used in the analysis of oct-derived optic nerve head measures between healthy controls and ms patients.
multivariate regression ( accounting for age and gender ) was used to assess relationships between optic nerve head measures and visual function.
cdr increased with retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thinning ( r = -0.29 , p = 0.001 ) .
conclusions / relevance : cdr ( as determined by spectral domain oct ) is abnormal in ms and correlates with visual function.
background : the ageing of the worldwide population means there is a growing need for research on the biology of ageing.
these patterns and their analysis support non-homologous end joining double strand break repair as central to the ageing-relatedness of dna repair genes.
background : systems biological approach of molecular connectivity map has reached to a great interest to understand the gene functional similarities between the diseases.
results : the systematic large-scale analyses of @number@ human diseases create three classes of molecular connectivity maps.
first , molecular interaction of disease protein network generates @number@ proteins with @number@ interactions , which determines the common genes / proteins between diseases.
second , disease-disease network includes @number@ positively scored disease-disease relationships.
the remaining can be a novel disease-disease relationship based on gene / protein similarity.
inclusion of aging genes set showed @number@ neurological and @number@ psychiatric diseases have the strong association with aging.
further , the overall quality of the results was achieved by a series of statistical methods , to avoid insignificant data in biological networks.
also , the disease-disease association results could be helpful to determine the symptom relationships between neurological and psychiatric diseases.
together , our study presents many research opportunities in post-genomic biomarkers development.
photo-damaged skin is characterized by major alterations of the extracellular matrix and collagen network , leading to clinically obvious signs of skin aging.
uv radiation increases the levels of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) @number@ which initiates the cleavage of fibrillar collagen types i and iii.
the developing collagen fragments are further degraded by mmps @number@ and @number@
light and laser therapies are among the most effective treatment options for skin rejuvenation.
conventional laser therapy treats entire surface areas by selective photothermolysis or ablation.
background : forces acting in facial skin have been suggested to show directionality.
non-invasive methods of measuring this directionality may thus provide information related to aging processes.
the reviscometer ( ® ) rvm600 device is capable of measuring directionality of forces on the skin.
this device has not been used previously in a published study to evaluate changes in directionality of forces on facial skin with aging.
in addition , the study investigated relationships between mechanical directionality and ' skin sagging , ' which may be caused by gravity.
the reviscometer ( ® ) rvm600 was used to measure resonance-running time ( rrt ) every 10° from 0° to 350°.
mean age of these subjects was @number@ years ( range , 30-60 years ) .
results : a significant correlation was identified between rrt parameters and subject age at all three measurement sites.
significant correlations between sagging index and rrt values were found for 110-170° and 290-350° only at the center of the cheek.
significant differences in rrt values were noted for 110-150° and 300-350° at this site between subjects with and without the use of yac extract.
a similar trend was found in sagging index for this site alone between subjects with and without yac extract.
correlations between the photo-signals and volunteer age were calculated.
conclusion : our results suggest that shg and the saaid index are useful indicators of facial skin aging in vivo.
objectives : personality factors parsimoniously capture the variation in dispositional characteristics that affect behaviours , but their value in predicting medication non-adherence is unclear.
analyses adjusted for covariates linked with non-adherence in prior studies.
conclusions : neuroticism was associated with medication non-adherence over @number@ years of follow-up in a large sample of older rct participants.
personality measurement in clinical and research settings might help to identify and guide interventions for older adults at risk for medication non-adherence.
older subjects showed lower sw density and amplitude than young subjects.
age-related lower sw density in men was especially marked in prefrontal / frontal brain areas , where they originate more frequently.
older subjects also showed longer sw positive and negative phase durations.
design : cross-sectional study using data from two prospective cohorts.
setting : baltimore , maryland.
results : in whas i and ii , similar dose-response trends were observed between combined higher il-6 and crp levels and lower pulmonary function levels.
conclusion : combined elevations in il-6 and crp were associated with the lowest pulmonary function levels in older women.
these findings suggest that high il-6 and crp levels may be an indication of prevalent impaired pulmonary function.
future studies should determine whether measurement of il-6 and crp could enhance current methods of monitoring respiratory diseases beyond that provided by pulmonary function measures.
any advances that hold out the realistic prospect of tackling age-related morbidity are therefore to be welcomed.
research on retrieval-induced forgetting has shown that remembering can cause forgetting of related information.
this study examined whether such forgetting occurred for associatively structured lists and if aging influenced such forgetting.
we compared retrieval-induced forgetting during a free recall test by using deese / roediger-mcdermott ( drm ) lists with an associative structure as the stimulus.
two age groups of young and old adult participants were tested.
the results indicated that both age groups showed the same degree of retrieval-induced forgetting of the lists.
in this paper , we'll outline prevention , treatment and control of arteriosclerosis from a perspective of antiinflammation.
elderly patients and patients with renal impairment present unique challenges in the management of diabetes mellitus.
failure to select and dose medications carefully in these patients may increase the risk of hypoglycemia and other adverse effects.
for example , elevated plasma concentrations of some sulfonylureas may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
older patients with type @number@ diabetes like patients with renal insufficiency an important and populous subgroup also have issues with therapy selection and dosing regimens.
for both older patients and patients with chronic renal insufficiency , the most important drug-related adverse effect to avoid is hypoglycemia.
accordingly , incretin-based agents have an advantage because they are unlikely to cause hypoglycemia.
this implies significant consequences with regard to the development of weight loss , anorexia , social disadvantages and increased mortality with serious socio-economic burden.
because of the significant therapeutic options , differential diagnostic work-up is mandatory also in elderly patients.
increased pineal calcifications and decreased pineal melatonin biosynthesis , both age related , support the notion of a pineal bio-organic timing mechanism.
the study was performed on pineal samples of @number@ fetuses and children whose brains were autopsied and diagnosed during 1998-2002.
tryptase mast cells were found in all stages of pineal gland development independently of the presence of local tissue lesions.
all of them were always localized in the close vicinity of the blood vessels and expressed immunoreactivity to histamine h4 receptor antibody.
in our study , all functional mast cells that underwent activation and were co-localized with deposits of calcium did not contain chymase.
all of them were stained with tryptase and represent the mc-t phenotype.
tryptase mast cells and extracellular tryptase were often associated with areas of early and more advanced stages of calcification.
a common but significant change associated with aging is a profound disruption to the daily sleep-wake cycle.
it has been estimated that as many as @percent@ of older adults complain about difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.
poor sleep results in increased risk of significant morbidity and mortality.
the multifactorial nature of variables affecting sleep in old age cannot be overstated.
to clarify this point , we conducted a community-based study , using urinary β ( @number@ ) -microglobulin as a marker of tubular damage.
methods : the subjects studied were @number@ japanese over the age of @number@ years.
the urinary β ( @number@ ) -microglobulin-creatinine ratio ( ubcr ) was assessed in morning spot urine samples.
multivariate analysis indicated that a high ubcr was positively associated with aging , hypertension , macroalbuminuria and increased urinary sodium excretion.
a 5-year longitudinal analysis in @number@ subjects indicated a greater decline in egfr in parallel with the increase in baseline ubcr.
conclusion : this study showed that renal tubular damage was common and was an independent risk factor for renal deterioration in the japanese population.
more attention should be paid to occult renal tubular damage in order to prevent end-stage renal disease.
motor neuron disease ( mnd ) may present as an isolated lower motor neuron ( lmn ) disorder.
therefore , we performed longitudinal clinical evaluation and retrospective chart review of autopsied patients diagnosed with isolated lmn disease.
immunohistochemistry was employed to identify neuronal and glial tdp-43 pathology in the central nervous system ( cns ) in patients and cos.
we examined @number@ subjects including six patients ( i.e. , four with mnd / lmn and two with pma ) and @number@ cos.
all patients showed significant tdp-43 linked degeneration of lmns , and five cases showed a lesser degree of motor cortex degeneration.
pathological tdp-43 was present only rarely in the co group.
all of the patients underwent spirometry for the determination of lung age.
the lung age and the chronological age of the individuals in each group were compared in isolation and between the two groups.
multiple linear regression analysis identified bmi and chronological age ( p < @number@ ) as significant predictors of lung age.
context : it has been demonstrated that the ageing process affects esophageal motility.
objectives : to evaluate the effect of the age on the proximal esophageal response to wet swallows.
we used the manometric method with continuous perfusion.
the proximal esophageal contractions were recorded @number@ cm from a pharyngeal recording site located @number@ cm above the upper esophageal sphincter.
results : the pharyngeal-esophageal time was shorter in group i subjects than in group ii and iii subjects ( p < 0.05 ) .
the duration of proximal esophageal contractions was longer in group i than in groups ii and iii ( p < 0.001 ) .
there was no differences between groups in the amplitude or area under the curve of contractions.
there were no differences between groups ii and iii for any of the measurements.
conclusion : we conclude that the age may affects the response of the proximal esophagus to wet swallows.
the incidence of type @number@ diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world.
this is in large part due to the increase in obesity and the aging of the population.
therefore , new medications to combat type @number@ diabetes are needed.
salicylates have been used as analgesics and antiinflammatory agents for several decades.
incidentally , in some studies it was noted that high-dose salicylate treatment reduced blood glucose concentrations.
recently , inflammation has been strongly associated with insulin resistance and diabetes.
postulated mechanisms include the inhibition of nuclear factor nf-kappa-b.
discussed in this review are the efficacy , safety and mechanisms of salsalate relevant to the treatment of type @number@ diabetes.
based on stable integration of recombinant dna into a host genome , transgenic technology has become an important genetic engineering methodology.
however , successful insertion may not be sufficient to achieve specific modification of function.
in vitro angiogenesis ± rhvegf-165 ( @number@ and @number@ ng / ml ) was measured in aortic segments in 3d-collagen.
activity of ( 99m ) tc-raft-rgd and capillary fluorescence labeling indicated that new formed capillaries were functional.
cardiac aging was associated with strong vegf / vegf-r2 pathway downregulation.
vegf-165 protein therapy was able to induce in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis during aging.
in @number@ mo hearts , in vivo angiogenesis was functional , sustained and comparable to neovascularization observed in @number@ mo hearts.
a ' challenge and response ' framework is suggested for future research on active ageing.
the goal of this study was to systematically investigate age-related changes of the limbic system using measures of cortical thickness , volumetric and diffusion characteristics.
we also investigated if the \ "relative preservation \ " concept is consistent across the individual sub-regions of the limbic system.
t1 weighted structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging data from @number@ healthy participants from the brain resource international database was used for this study.
a regional variability in the aging patterns across the limbic system was present.
background : cognitive impairment is an age-related condition as the rate of cognitive decline rapidly increases with aging.
it is especially important to better understand factors involving in cognitive decline for the countries where the older population is growing rapidly.
the aim of this study was to examine the association between socio-demographic and health-related factors and cognitive impairment in the elderly in taiwan.
methods : we analysed data from @number@ persons aged @number@ years and over who participated in the @number@ national health interview survey.
cognitive impairment was defined as having the score of the mini mental state examination lower than @number@
results : the prevalence of cognitive impairment was @percent@.
conclusion : most of the characteristics in relation to cognitive impairment identified in our analysis are potentially modifiable.
these results suggest that improving lifestyle behaviours such as regular exercise and increased social participation could help prevent or decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.
further investigations using longitudinal data are needed to clarify our findings.
background : excessive workload for nurses may lead to poor quality of care and high nursing turnover rates.
individual and work-related factors were assessed through questionnaires and work logs.
the hr data indicated a moderate cardiac stress level throughout the shifts , despite which wp decreased after @time@ .
inadequate work break and sleep , family care-giving responsibility and aging may challenge work recovery.
conclusions : nursing workload of 12-hour shifts has a negative physiological impact on hospital nurses.
their neuroprotective potential has been shown in both oxidative stress-induced and amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein-induced neuronal death models.
it exerts strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and also exhibits anti-convulsive , anxiolytic , and mild sedative actions.
this concise review provides the main examples of neuroprotective activities of the flavones and reveals their potential in prevention and therapyof neurodegenerative diseases.
age-related dementias such as alzheimer disease ( ad ) have been linked to vascular disorders like hypertension , diabetes and atherosclerosis.
therefore , mitochondria specific antioxidants such as acetyl-l-carnitine and r-alphalipoic acid seem to be potential treatments for ad.
changes in regional activity levels and network connectivity occur across the lifespan within the default mode network ( dmn ) of resting brain function.
changes with age are noted in most components of the dmn , especially in medial frontal / anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate / precuneus regions.
neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles , the neuropathological hallmarks of ad , are not limited to individuals with dementia.
here , we provide a historical background and highlight the combined clinical , pathologic and morphometric evidence related to asymad.
pet imaging agents such as pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) allow detection of fibrillar β-amyloid ( aβ ) in vivo.
in vivo aβ deposition has been studied in relation to genotype , structural and functional brain changes , as well as alterations in biomarker levels.
to date , several studies have reported changes in aβ burden over time.
factors that modify or mediate the association between neuropathology and cognition are also discussed.
it is hypothesized that the concept of resilient aging can serve as a useful entity in understanding mechanisms that underlie healthy aging amidst disease-related pathology.
specifically , the cognitive reserve hypothesis is that individual differences in how tasks are processed provide reserve against brain pathology.
cognitive reserve may allow for more flexible strategy usage , an ability thought to be captured by executive functions tasks.
taking cognitive reserve into account may allow for earlier detection and better characterization of age-related cognitive changes and alzheimer's disease.
importantly , cognitive reserve is not fixed but continues to evolve across the lifespan.
thus , even late-stage interventions hold promise to boost cognitive reserve and thus reduce the prevalence of alzheimer's disease and other age-related problems.
diabetic neuropathy is the third most common complication of diabetes mellitus.
when this neuropathy is accompanied by pain , it requires a specific treatment.
this article aims to review the pathophysiological concepts related to diabetic neuropathy in the elderly and the best treatment options.
aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases , including type @number@ diabetes mellitus and its chronic and acute complications.
aging and changes in the physiologic reserves generate a decreased perception of symptoms associated with hypoglycemia , increasing the risk of unawareness or severe episodes.
the aging process conveys multiple changes in the organism , as well as changes in individual's surroundings.
such modifications make the appearance of this sufferance , diagnose , and treatment to be complex and different in the rest of the population.
older patients with diabetes have a high risk of vascular complications.
they have an increase of approximately @number@ times for developing stroke compared with subjects without diabetes.
in addition , up to 75-80% of deaths in diabetic patients are associated with major cardiovascular events including stroke.
primary stroke prevention studies in patients with diabetes reveal that tight control of glucose is not associated with reduction in stroke risk.
therefore , proper control of other vascular risk factors is mandatory in patients with diabetes , in particular of arterial hypertension.
glucose tolerance declines with age , resulting in a high prevalence of type @number@ diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the elderly population.
in mexico glucose intolerance is present in 15-20% of the population older than @number@ years and increases the risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
lifestyle modifications are particularly effective in preventing diabetes in this age group.
the aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging on strategy selection in a paired-associate word task.
the concreteness level was manipulated in order to modify the benefit of imagery and sentence strategies in relation to task characteristics.
the results showed an age difference in strategy selection in relation to concreteness level.
older adults showed less adaptive strategy selection for the imagery strategy but not for the sentence strategy.
much work has focused on stem cell identification and the molecular pathways involved in their regulation.
yet , we understand little about how these pathways achieve physiologically responsive stem cell functions.
recent work has demonstrated that telomeric chromatin is remodeled and telomeres are elongated by telomerase during nuclear reprogramming.
evolutionary theories of aging predict a trade-off between fertility and lifespan , where increased lifespan comes at the cost of reduced fertility.
support for this prediction has been obtained from various sources.
however , which genes underlie this relationship is unknown.
snps that associated with fertility were analyzed for association with mortality.
we observed no associations between fertility and age at menarche ( p = @number@ ) and menopause ( p = @number@ ) .
in contrast , fertility was associated with mortality.
however , none of the independent snps in these genes predicted mortality.
results : the analysis is based on @number@ participants.
mean postvoid residual urine was nearly unchanged over the age groups at approximately 20-30 cc.
although ipss increased continuously with aging ( from @number@ to @number@ ) , qol remained unchanged at @number@ over the age groups.
prostate size had a minor impact on ipss.
the common belief that signs of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) are clinically relevant only during adult and elderly age is gradually changing.
increasing evidence supports the concept that cvd is initiated through developmental in utero processes beginning before birth.
epigenetic and other unknown mechanisms underlying these developmental events are yet to be elucidated.
the clathrin assembly protein , calm , promotes the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles.
here , we provide evidence that calm also influences the cell surface level of the ampa receptor subunit glur2.
glioblastoma ( gbm ) is rare in early adulthood and little information is available on this subgroup.
we investigated whether young age ( 18-30 years ) had an independent effect on survival.
in the rtog evaluation , we analyzed all eligible gbm cases from @number@ rtog studies from @number@ to @number@
all patients with gbm during 1985-1998 in the ncdb were examined for comparison.
patients were divided into three cohorts : ages 18-30 , 31-49 , and ≥50.
overall survival , as a function of age ( discreet and continuous ) , was assessed.
the median survival times of the three groups were @number@ @number@ and @number@ months ( p < @number@ ) .
significant improvement in survival for younger patients was demonstrated with adjustment for recursive partitioning analysis ( rpa ) class.
the median survival times of the three groups were @number@ @number@ and @number@ months ( p < @number@ ) .
data were not available for rpa class from this series.
gbm is rare in young adulthood , comprising @number@.1-3.6% of our patients.
they have superior survival , even when adjusted for rpa class.
more investigations on the unique biologic and clinical characteristics of tumors in this population are needed.
skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in many chronic diseases and disuse conditions.
its severity reduces patient recovery , independence and quality of life.
finally , we will comment on new approaches that may expand our knowledge of these two molecules in their control of skeletal muscle function.
however , the role of heparanase in sun-exposed skin remains unknown.
degradation of heparan sulfate was observed not only in acutely uvb-irradiated skin , but also in skin chronically exposed to sun.
interestingly , heparan sulfate was found to be degraded in sun-exposed skin , but not in sun-protected skin.
these changes may facilitate photo-aging.
in addition to the well-described implications of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal osteoporosis ( pmo ) , free radicals are also effective on bone metabolism.
the antioxidant vitamins c and e play an important role in the production of collagen , mesenchymal cell differentiation into osteoblasts , and bone mineralization.
patients who had received any medications within the last @number@ months that could alter bone metabolism were excluded.
serum malondialdehyde ( mda ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) , and glutathione peroxidase ( gpx ) levels were analyzed in both groups.
the patients with pmo were commenced on @number@ mg of risedronate , @number@ mg of calcium , and @number@ iu of vitamin d daily.
the patients were reevaluated at the end of the sixth month.
gpx ( p = @number@ ) and mda ( p = @number@ ) levels were increased in patients with pmo after the treatment.
in contrast , sod levels were decreased when compared to the initial levels ( p = @number@ ) .
there may be an insufficiency in different steps of the enzymatic antioxidant systems in patients with pmo without treatment.
we observed an increment in lipid peroxidation levels and gpx levels with risedronate.
dbl is the prototype of a large family of gdp-gtp exchange factors for small gtpases of the rho family.
in vitro , dbl is known to activate rho , rac , and cdc42 and to induce a transformed phenotype in murine fibroblasts.
animals were monitored over a 21-month period , and necropsy specimens were collected for histological examination and immunohistochemistry analysis.
moreover , dbl knock-in male mice displayed an increased incidence of lung adenoma compared to w.t. mice.
we also examined the impact of antihypertensive treatment on wml progression.
wml volumes and their progression were estimated with the use of a fully automatic procedure.
baseline and change in bp were significant predictors of higher wml progression over time after controlling for potential confounders.
because wmls are linked to both dementia and stroke risks , these results could have implications for future preventive trials.
objective : to reexamine the association between the neuronal sortilin-related receptor gene ( sorl1 ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
participants : all published white and asian case-control data sets , which included a total of @number@ cases and @number@ controls.
in addition , the c-g-c haplotype at snps @number@ through @number@ was associated with ad risk ( p < @number@ ) .
in the combined asian data sets , snps @number@ and @number@ through @number@ were associated with ad risk ( p < @number@ ) .
the snps @number@ through @number@ @number@ through @number@ @number@ and @number@ through @number@ belong to distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks.
conclusion : this comprehensive meta-analysis provides confirmatory evidence that multiple sorl1 variants in distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks are associated with ad.
background : while demographic shifts project an increased need for long-term care for an aging population , hundreds of nursing homes close each year.
we examine whether nursing home closures are geographically concentrated and related to local community characteristics such as the racial and ethnic population mix and poverty.
methods : national online survey certification and reporting data were used to document cumulative nursing facility closures over a decade , @number@ through @number@
census @number@ zip code level demographics and poverty rates were matched to study facilities.
the weighted gini coefficient was used to measure geographic concentration of closures , and geographic information system maps to illustrate spatial clustering patterns of closures.
changes in bed supply due to closures were examined at various geographic levels.
combined , there was a net loss of over @percent@ of beds.
the relative risk of closure was significantly higher in zip code areas with a higher proportion of blacks or hispanics or a higher poverty rate.
the weighted gini coefficient for closures was @number@ across all metropolitan statistical areas and @number@ across zip codes.
closures tended to be spatially clustered in minority-concentrated zip codes around the urban core , often in pockets of concentrated poverty.
conclusions : nursing home closures are geographically concentrated in minority and poor communities.
mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose functional integrity requires a coordinated supply of proteins and phospholipids.
the nqo1 polymorphism c609t has been associated with increased susceptibility to various age-related pathologies.
we show here that nqo1 protein level is regulated by the e3 ligase stub1 / chip ( c terminus of hsc70-interacting protein ) .
nqo1 binds stub1 via the hsc70-interacting domain ( tetratricopeptide repeat domain ) and undergoes ubiquitination and degradation.
furthermore , age-dependent decrease of stub1 correlates with increased nqo1 accumulation.
method : the study comprises national surveys conducted in bulgaria , italy , and latin america and the caribbean.
results : for all countries , dfle values decline as age increases for both sexes , with a pronounced decline among women.
negative but not positive exchanges with other family and with friends were associated with depression.
the association between depression and positive / negative exchanges was weaker among the above 70s compared with those aged @number@ to @number@
all three late pleistocene samples have a dearth of older individuals compared with holocene ethnographic / historical samples.
modulation of dna repair proteins by small molecules has attracted great interest.
exposure to nsc @number@ sensitized cancer cells to the g-quadruplex-binding compound telomestatin or a poly ( adp ribose ) polymerase ( parp ) inhibitor.
sublethal dosage of nsc @number@ and the chemotherapy drug topotecan acted synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation and induce dna damage.
the two types of problems have been linked together and attributed to a general disturbance of infant regulation.
yet the infant behaviours involved present differently , at separate ages and times of day.
methods : data from two longitudinal studies are analysed.
infant crying data were obtained from validated behaviour diaries ; sleep-waking data from standard parental questionnaires.
conclusions : most infants who cry a lot at 5-6 weeks of age ' sleep through the night ' at @number@ weeks of age.
aging is associated with modifications of the immune system , defined as immunosenescence.
this could contribute to a reduced prevalence of allergic disease in the elderly population.
in this regard , atopy has rarely been considered in the clinical assessment of the geriatric respiratory patient.
this article is a review of the available literature assessing the impact of age on atopy.
unfortunately , no large , longitudinal studies performed in the general population have been conducted to further explore this observation.
from a clinical perspective , allergic reactions in older adults can have the same or even worse manifestations compared to young people.
for this reasons , the evaluation of the atopic condition also in the geriatric patient is recommended.
optn had previously been involved in adult primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) .
we sequenced the coding exons of optn in @number@ french patients with familial als ( fals ) .
our results do not confirm the contribution of optn in als.
the present study demonstrated that the si volume in pd differs depending on cognitive status and is significantly correlated with cognitive performance.
because clu and cr1 had already been analyzed in these populations , we restricted our investigation to bin1 , exo2cl3 , and picalm.
however , this signal did not appear to be independent of apoe.
in conclusion , we confirmed that bin1 and picalm are genetic determinants of ad , whereas the potential involvement of exoc3l2 requires further investigation.
major recent developments in astrocyte biology and the discovery of novel intermediate filament functions enticed the interest in the function of gfap.
the discovery of various gfap splice variants gave an additional boost to explore this protein in more detail.
the presence of these isoforms enhances the complexity of the astrocyte cytoskeleton and is likely to underlie subtype specific functions.
however , the etiology of oa is multifactorial involving genetic , mechanical and environmental factors.
treatment modalities include analgesia , joint injection with steroids or hyaluronic acid , oral supplements including glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate , as well as physiotherapy.
thus , there is significant interest in the discovery of disease modifying agents.
one such agent , glucosamine ( glcn ) is commonly prescribed even though the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action remain controversial.
method : human chondrocytes were isolated from the articular cartilage of femoral heads , obtained with ethical permission , following fractured neck of femur surgery.
the levels of il1b and mmp13 mrna were examined using qrt-pcr.
the percentage dna methylation in the cpg sites of the il1β and mmp13 proximal promoter were quantified by pyrosequencing.
result : il1β expression was enhanced over 580-fold in articular chondrocytes treated with il-1β and osm.
glcn dramatically ameliorated the cytokine-induced expression by 4-fold.
bay alone increased il1β expression by 3-fold.
in the presence of bay , il-1β induced il1b mrna levels were decreased by 6-fold.
glcn and bay alone had a negligible effect on the methylation status of the il1b promoter.
the cytokine-induced loss of methylation status in the il1b promoter was ameliorated by both glcn and bay to @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
samples of milk , whey , curd , and cheese were collected for enumeration of bacteria throughout the manufacturing and aging process.
changes in pathogen levels observed throughout manufacture and aging did not significantly differ by cheese type.
methods and results : we report a case of a patient with he-autoscopic seizures.
eeg recordings during the autoscopic experience showed a right parietal epileptic focus.
this finding confirms the involvement of the temporo-parietal junction in the abnormal body perception during autoscopic phenomena.
lifespan perspectives have played a crucial role in shaping our understanding of many forms of psychopathology.
unfortunately , little attention has been given to personality disorders in middle adulthood and later life.
the goal of this review is to explore the benefits of considering older adults in the study of personality disorders.
later life offers a unique opportunity for investigators to consider links between personality pathology and consequential outcomes in people's lives.
many domains are relevant , including health , longevity , social adjustment , marital relationships , and the experience of major life events.
here we review brain changes that have been studied with dti over the human lifespan and findings in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
we also suggest future areas where dti is likely to have significant impact.
also of interest was how spatial separation affected the ability to perform these two tasks.
older adults demonstrated slightly reduced overall speech recognition and obtained less spatial release from masking , as compared to younger listeners.
for both younger and older listeners , spatial separation increased the costs associated with performing both tasks together.
the meaningfulness of the masker had a greater detrimental effect on speech understanding for older participants than for younger participants.
attention is a complex domain that has reawakened research interest in recent years.
the present study assessed performance in @number@ participants in order to identify the ages at which mature performance was reached across differing attention subcomponents.
furthermore , we investigated whether the nature of the attentional demands or task difficulty predicted the age at which stable levels of performance were reached.
the results supported the former rather than the latter alternative.
in addition , we examined the reliability and factorial structures of the dutch brief.
results with respect to age revealed a decrease in reported executive function problems with increasing age.
on the metacognition index , we found that 9- to 11-year-olds differed significantly from 5- to 8-year-olds on the working memory subscale.
with a rapidly aging society , geriatric mental health is emerging as important public health concern.
despite the short history of psychiatric epidemiology in korea , recently , epidemiologic data regarding geriatric psychiatric problems has started to accumulate.
in the current study , we reviewed epidemiological findings regarding geriatric mental health in korea.
it was found that up to @percent@ of the elderly suffer from dementia , and @percent@ to @percent@ from depressive disorder.
further , prevalence estimates of alzheimer's disease ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ , and vascular dementia from @percent@ to @percent@.
annual incidence rates for alzheimer's were @percent@ to @percent@ whereas that for vascular dementia was found to be as low as @percent@.
the prevalence of major depressive disorder was @percent@ to @percent@ , while that of clinically significant depressive symptom was between @percent@ and @percent@.
thus major mental disorders are already prevalent among the korean elderly and are likely to increase rapidly.
design : cross-sectional survey.
setting : interviews were conducted in participants ' homes.
participants : one hundred forty-two clients receiving home-based aging services.
participants were more likely to be taking psychotropic medication if they were younger and white.
approximately one-third of participants on antidepressant or antianxiety medication still met criteria for an axis i disorder.
almost all were willing to see at least one professional ( @percent@ ) and try prescribed medications or counseling ( @percent@ ) .
they are willing to use a variety of behavioral health services and perceive mainly practical barriers to using services.
the aging network has significant potential to enhance access to service utilization ; strategies for integrating behavioral health services in the aging network are discussed.
objectives : nursing home ( nh ) hospitalizations place an enormous economic burden on an already overtaxed american healthcare system.
the authors examined risk factors , including mental disorders and dementia , for hospitalization of medicaid-enrolled nh residents with acs conditions during fiscal year 2003-2006.
the authors identified at least one acs hospitalization in @number@ residents for a total of @number@ hospital admissions ( @percent@ of all hospitalizations ) .
the authors used cox proportional hazard regression to assess time to the first acs hospitalization.
in addition , residents with a diagnosed mental disorder and no dementia incurred relatively high expenditures for acs hospitalizations.
the need to reduce unnecessary hospitalization will become only more urgent as the population ages and healthcare expenses continue to escalate.
study design : prospective , multicenter study.
reliable diagnosis of pad is critical for appropriate conservative management of ic patients with lscs in an orthopedic surgery outpatient department ( osopd ) .
occurrence of pad as a complication was assessed using ankle brachial pressure index ( abi ) and toe brachial pressure index ( tbi ) tests.
angiogenesis , a formation of neo-vessels from pre-existing ones , is regulated by the local balance between its stimulators and inhibitors.
the expression of vash1 has been shown in endothelial cells ( ecs ) in both physiological and pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis.
however , recent reports indicate that vash1 is expressed not only in ecs but also in other cell types including haematopoietic cells.
the function of vash1 may not be restricted to angiogenesis inhibition.
methylation at cpg sites is a critical epigenetic modification in mammals.
altered dna methylation has been suggested to be a central mechanism in development , some disease processes and cellular senescence.
quantifying the extent and identity of epigenetic changes in the aging process is therefore potentially important for understanding longevity and age-related diseases.
we identify cpg loci that show a highly significant , consistent correlation between dna methylation and chronological age.
the majority of these loci are within cpg islands and there is a positive correlation between age and dna methylation level.
this suggests that specific age-related dna methylation changes may have quite a broad impact on gene expression in the human brain.
objective : diabetes is a major cause of functional decline among older adults , but the role of glycemic control remains unclear.
this article assesses whether better glycemic control is associated with better maintenance of lower-extremity function over time in older adults with diabetes.
conclusions : among older adults with diabetes , better glycemic control may improve both short-term and long-term maintenance of lower-extremity function.
ambulatory monitoring was performed in @number@ normotensive ( nt : @number@ females ) and @number@ untreated hypertensive patients ( ht : @number@ females ) .
when distributed by decades of life the steepest aaris occurred at the 20-29 decade , while the flattest at the 60-69 decade.
at the 60-69 decade and above , the aaris was similar in both groups ( anova o.w.
nt : p < 0.001 ; ht : p < 0.01 ) .
the life expectancy for persons living with hiv infection is markedly increasing , largely because of the advances made with antiretroviral therapy.
although these multimorbidities contribute to the symptom burden , older persons with hiv tend not to disclose symptoms to their health care providers.
the global prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions , and @number@ million people are now considered to be obese.
however , the mechanisms that underlie hfd pathophysiology have yet to be elucidated fully.
sarcopenia is a common and prominent geriatric syndrome , of major interest for daily clinical practice of professionals working with older people.
moreover , biological changes that lead to the loss of muscle mass and strength are intrinsically related to the mechanisms of aging.
multivesicular bodies ( mvbs ) are intracellular endosomal organelles characterized by multiple internal vesicles that are enclosed within a single outer membrane.
mvbs were initially regarded as purely prelysosomal structures along the degradative endosomal pathway of internalized proteins.
this review examines the concept of compartment-specific mvb functions in endosomal protein trafficking and signaling within synapses , axons , dendrites and cell bodies.
we critically evaluate reports of the accumulation of neuronal mvbs based on evidence of stress-induced mvb formation.
furthermore , we discuss potential functions of neuronal and glial mvbs in development , in dystrophic neuritic syndromes , injury , disease , and aging.
functions of mvbs in neurons have been much neglected , and major gaps in knowledge currently exist.
developing truly mvb-specific markers would help to elucidate the roles of neuronal mvbs in intra- and intercellular signaling of normal and diseased neurons.
with the current demographic shift being experienced by populations globally , almost linear increases in life expectancy have been seen and can be expected.
however , increases in healthy life expectancy may not keep pace.
among older populations the proportion of time spent in less than full health tends to increase.
as a result , the accurate valuation of life spent in states less than full health will become increasingly important.
different techniques and approaches have been used to measure health in populations.
critical to the construction of summary health measures are values assigned to health states.
current tools used in determining these values include the standard gamble , time trade off , person trade off , and the visual analogue scale.
the challenge of obtaining opinions which are not influenced by an individual's own circumstances is not new.
we also propose how such methods may be operationalized.
promoting and improving health demands adequate measures of health and the application of the rawlsian veil of ignorance approach could be an effective alternative.
objective : to determine whether pentosidine contributes to age-related and disease-related impairment of pulmonary functions in patients with asthma.
the levels were closely correlated with age in both normal controls and patients with asthma.
however , the slope of age-related increase in pentosidine levels was markedly steeper in patients with asthma than in normal controls.
in addition , pentosidine levels in patients with asthma were closely correlated with each of these variables.
conclusion : our results demonstrated the association between sputum levels of pentosidine and age-related small airways function in both normal controls and patients with asthma.
moreover , the age-related increase in pentosidine levels was more pronounced in patients with asthma.
these findings will herald new era in the pathophysiology of elderly asthma.
csf from msa patients ( msa-csf ) promoted fαs formation more strongly than pd- , hsca- , or headache-csf.
by electron microscopic analyses , the width of fαs formed in msa-csf was significantly greater than others.
msa may have a csf environment particularly favorable for fαs formation.
oxidative stress is widely thought to underpin many aging processes.
cardiolipin plays a central role in several mitochondrial bioenergetic processes as well as in mitochondrial-dependent steps in apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane stability and dynamics.
alterations to cardiolipin structure , content and acyl chain profile have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple tissues in several physiopathological conditions and aging.
in this review , we focus on the role played by oxidative stress and cardiolipin in mitochondrial bioenergetic alterations associated with brain aging.
ad patients were impaired relative to healthy controls ( nc ) and ftld patients on both feature and conjunction search.
bvftd patients showed less accurate performance only on the conjunction search task , but slower response times than nc on all three tasks.
numerous behavioral studies have suggested that normal aging negatively affects source memory accuracy for various kinds of associations.
neuroimaging evidence suggests that less efficient retrieval processing ( temporally delayed and attenuated ) may contribute to these impairments.
behavioral results showed that both young and older adults demonstrated better source memory accuracy for objects encoded self-referentially.
cannabinoid receptors , cb1 and cb2 , are therapeutic targets in the treatment of anxiety , obesity , movement disorders , glaucoma , and pain.
the binding activities of the immobilized cb1 / cb2 receptors were established using frontal affinity chromatographic techniques.
this is the first report that confirms the presence of functional cb1 and cb2 receptors on ku-812 cells.
adult human brain expresses @number@ isoforms of tau protein as a result of alternative splicing.
alternative splicing of exon @number@ ( e10 ) leads to tau isoforms containing either @number@ ( 3r-tau ) or @number@ ( 4r-tau ) microtubule-binding repeats.
imbalance in the 3r-tau / 4r-tau ratio causes neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia.
dyrk1a itself promoted tau e10 inclusion , whereas 9g8 inhibited e10 inclusion , and these actions were variable depending on the cell types.
coexpression of dyrk1a and 9g8 led to their translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and suppressed their ability to regulate tau exon @number@ splicing.
this action is probably due to their interaction-induced translocation from the nucleus , where the regulation of tau e10 splicing occurs , to the cytoplasm.
the study included @number@ elderly individuals aged @number@ years and older , who have a chronic disease.
there were no correlations between kind of chronic disease and pms , nhp , fim ( p > 0.05 ) in either of genders.
participants performed a stroop task to assess stroop interference and np suppression concurrently.
results showed a greater stroop interference in older than in young adults.
on the other hand , the np effect was only reliable in the younger group , the older group not showing np suppression.
aim : although recurrent tonsillitis can be the consequence of defects in immune system , the exact etiology of recurrent tonsillitis is not clear.
serum vitamin d level was measured with elisa ( nmol / l ) and receptor gene polymorphism was determined by pcr.
vitamin d serum level below 80nmol / l was accepted as insufficient.
results : the average serum vitamin d level was 176±79nmol / l in recurrent tonsillitis group and 193±56nmol / l in control group.
there was no significant difference between the groups ( p = 0.13 ) .
there was no significant difference between the two groups.
the vitamin d serum levels and receptor sub-genotypes are also compared , and there was no significant difference between the groups.
conclusion : there is no difference between the serum vitamin d level and receptor gene polymorphism among children with recurrent tonsillitis and healthy children.
but vitamin d insufficiency is more prevalent in children with recurrent tonsillitis group ( @percent@ ) .
many plants have been proven to possess efficacy on sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis in traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) .
the paper reviews the ethnopharmacology , the biological activities and the correlated chemical compounds of epimedium species.
more than @number@ compounds have been isolated ; among them prenyl-flavonoids are the major constituents and also important chemotaxonomic markers.
currently , effective monomeric compounds or active parts have been screened for pharmacological activity from epimedium in vivo and in vitro.
the repeatability of the data reflecting the postural control mechanisms in young children is still not well enough explained.
the subjects were @number@ young healthy children aged 2-7 years old separated in @number@ groups for children of different age.
each child stood for around 90s on two accusway force platforms ( amti ) .
the shifts of cop beneath left and right legs were recorded onto a computer by using appropriate software compatible with platforms.
the indices of the ellipse area and velocity cop shifts were calculated.
in 5- and 7-year-olds there were no differences in the repeatability of stability indices between the left and right foot.
the comparisons of the repeatability of the velocity index between the left and right leg revealed the difference only in @number@ years old children.
the repeatability of the stability indices is poor from @number@ to @number@ year of life but increases significantly from @number@ to @number@ year of life.
the process of leg lateralization is finishing about 6th year of life.
in women , sexual function , hormones and aging are inextricably related.
overall large randomised controlled trials of exogenous testosterone show benefits over placebo on sexual desire , arousal , orgasm , pleasure and satisfaction.
studies have shown protective effects of resveratrol against ultraviolet radiation-mediated oxidative stress and cutaneous damages including skin cancer.
however , there are a few roadblocks in the way of this promising agent regarding its translation from the bench to the bedside.
this review discusses the promise and prospects of resveratrol in the management of skin disorders and the associated challenges.
background : musculoskeletal hand pain is common in the general population.
the reliability of applying the american college of rheumatology ( acr ) criteria for hand osteoarthritis to community-dwelling older adults will also be investigated.
agreement beyond chance was summarised using kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficients.
moderate agreement was observed both between and within observers when applying the acr criteria for hand osteoarthritis.
conclusion : standardised , structured clinical interview is reliable for taking a history in community-dwelling older adults with self reported hand problems.
agreement between and within observers for physical examination items is variable.
low kappa values may have resulted , in part , from a low prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms in the study participants.
it also stimulates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and inhibits autophagy in a manner.
however , the contribution of apoptosis and autophagic cell death to p53-dependent cell death is unclear.
wt p53 expression in sf126 cells induced apoptosis and autophagy , and reduced the cell number.
an autophagy inhibitor reduced autophagy , increased the s-phase fraction , and attenuated the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by wt p53.
pan-caspase inhibitor reduced apoptosis but showed weaker inhibition of cell proliferation than the autophagy inhibitor.
a prime candidate responsible for damage and loss of function during aging is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species , derived from normal oxidative metabolism.
a main aim of this laboratory is to understand how neurons perform and survive in the constitutive stress background represented by aging.
in this report , we summarize our recent findings in relation to survival.
lipids are essential for the structural and functional integrity of membranes.
membrane lipids are not randomly distributed but are localized in different domains.
a common characteristic of these membrane domains is their association with cholesterol.
lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol enriched domains , which have attracted keen interest.
however , two other important cholesterol domains are the exofacial and cytofacial leaflets of the plasma membrane.
the two leaflets that make up the bilayer differ in their fluidity , electrical charge , lipid distribution , and active sites of certain proteins.
the synaptic plasma membrane ( spm ) cytofacial leaflet contains over @percent@ of the total spm cholesterol as compared with the exofacial leaflet.
this review examines cholesterol asymmetry in spm , potential mechanisms of regulation and impact on membrane structure and function.
furthermore , it has also been suggested that endocytic pathway abnormality of neurons is involved in the formation of the ganglioside clusters.
in this review , the nature of the ganglioside clusters and how gangliosides behave in the clusters leading to the gaβ generation are discussed.
furthermore , the majority of the cd45ra⁻ cd27⁻ and cd45ra + cd27⁻ cd4 + t cells in cmv-seropositive donors are specific for this virus.
in addition , cd45ra + cd27⁻ cd4 + t cells have cytotoxic potential as they express high levels of granzyme b and perforin.
mesenchymal stroma cells were isolated from bone of differently aged healthy donors.
in cd106 ( bright ) mscs , the abundance of a panel of stemness transcription factors remained unchanged.
treatment of mscs with increasing doses of interferon-γ exerted no immediate influence on their self-renewal capacity.
however , it impacted on the differentiation potential toward the adipogenic or osteogenic lineage.
moderately elevated levels of inflammatory stimuli supported osteoblastogenesis whereas the same treatment reduced adipogenic differentiation in mscs from young and intermediately aged donors.
in mscs from elderly donors , however , osteoblastogenesis was greatly diminished in an inflammatory environment whereas adipogenic differentiation remained unchanged.
hiv clinical care now involves prevention and treatment of age-associated comorbidity.
baseline self-reported physical function correlated with the short form-12 physical subscale ( ρ = @number@ p < @number@ ) , and predicted survival.
this difference , although statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) , was small.
function in the average 50-year old hiv-infected subject was equivalent to the average @number@.5-year-old uninfected subject.
history of cardiovascular disease was a significant predictor of poor function , but the effect was similar across groups.
chronic pulmonary disease had a differential effect on function by hiv status ( δβ ( coef ) @number@ p = @number@ ) .
a 50-year-old hiv-infected subject with chronic pulmonary disease had the equivalent level of function as a @number@.1-year-old uninfected subject with chronic pulmonary disease.
we conclude that age-associated comorbidity affects physical function in hiv-infected patients , and may modify the effect of aging.
longitudinal research with markers of disease severity is needed to investigate loss of physical function with aging , and to develop age-specific hiv care guidelines.
this is the own-age bias.
results showed an own-age bias for 7- to 9-year-old children and adults.
these results are discussed in terms of short-term experience with faces creating biases , and this rapidly changes with age.
this study examined health disparities and the potential intervention role of social engagement in eliminating health disparities.
the activity participation model explained more variance in physical functioning among older women than in the whole sample , including both males and females.
the study discussed the importance of senior centers as a community-based resource in providing social integration through a variety of activities among non-white older women.
despite consistent reports over many years of a greater prevalence of depression among women , mechanisms underlying the gender difference remain unclear.
mechanisms relevant to immigrant elderly populations are virtually unexplored.
consistent with previous literature , women scored higher on depressive symptoms than men.
adult romantic attachment styles reflect ways of relating in close relationships and are associated with depression and negative emotionality.
multivariate results supported genetic and environmental differences in attachment.
genetically informative longitudinal studies on attachment relationship dimensions can help to illuminate the role of relationship-based risk factors in healthy aging.
the pathologic hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) include senile plaque , neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , synaptic loss , and neurodegeneration.
senile plaque and nfts are formed by accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) and hyperphosphorylated tau , respectively.
progressive synaptic dysfunction and loss closely correlate with cognitive deficits in ad.
however , the details of aβ effects on the other ad pathologies remain poorly understood.
in this review , we provide an overview of the effects of aβ in ad brains , especially focusing on synaptic dysfunction and microglia.
synaptic integrity is morphologically maintained by the precise regulation of actin assembly.
therefore , the results suggest the possibility that aβ may promote nft maturation and induce synaptic dysfunction through the disturbance of actin assembly.
thus aβ seems to be a promoting factor in brain aging.
on the other hand , we have studied microglial phagocytic ability for a compensatory pathologic reaction to aβ accumulation.
further studies on the aβ-dependent ad pathologies may contribute to determining novel mechanisms of ad development and new therapeutic targets in ad.
cytochrome c release is generally considered as a pivotal step in apoptosis.
control of cellular aging and apoptosis by zfra , p53 and wwox is discussed.
oxidative stress in mitochondria is believed to promote aging.
mitochondrial expression of nox4 is upregulated by cardiac stress and aging in the heart , where nox4 could become a major source of oxidative stress.
this raises an intriguing possibility that nox4 may play an important role in mediating aging of the heart.
here we discuss the potential involvement of nox4 in mitochondrial oxidative stress and aging in the heart.
while arresting cell cycle , p53 ( under certain conditions ) can inhibit the mtor pathway.
senescence occurs when p53 fails to inhibit mtor.
low concentrations of dna-damaging drugs induce p53 at levels that do not inhibit mtor , thus causing senescence.
in quiescence caused by serum starvation , mtor is deactivated.
this predicts that induction of p53 will not cause senescence in such quiescent cells.
here we tested this prediction.
in proliferating normal cells , etoposide caused senescence ( cells could not resume proliferation after removal of etoposide ) .
serum starvation prevented induction of senescence , but not of p53 , by etoposide.
when etoposide was removed , such cells resumed proliferation upon addition of serum.
also , doxorubicin did not cause senescent morphology in the absence of serum.
re-addition of serum caused mtor-dependent senescence in the presence of etoposide or doxorubicin.
also , serum-starvation prevented senescent morphology caused by nutlin-3a in mcf-7 and mel-10 cells.
we conclude that induction of p53 does not activate the senescence program in quiescent cells.
in cells with induced p53 , re-activation of mtor by serum stimulation causes senescence , as an equivalent of cellular growth.
cardiac failure is a leading cause of age-related death , though its root cause remains unknown.
mounting evidence implicates a decline in mitochondrial function due to increased opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mptp ) .
objective : thioredoxin-1 ( trx-1 ) , one important antioxidative enzyme in endothelial cells , is required for apoptosis inhibition.
apoptosis induction is dependent on cytoskeletal changes , which depend on actin rearrangements.
therefore , we wanted to elucidate whether a physical interaction exists between trx-1 and actin and what the functional consequences are.
methods and results : combined immunoprecipitation / mass spectrometry identified actin as a new binding partner for trx-1.
a separate pool of trx-1 forms a complex with apoptosis signaling kinase @number@
actin is required for stress fiber formation ; thus , the interaction of actin with trx-1 might interfere with this process.
it is inhibited by trx-1 overexpression , treatment with exogenous trx-1 , or inhibition of fak.
prolonged incubation with h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) induced stress fiber formation , reduced trx-1 protein levels , and increased apoptosis.
all these processes were inhibited by preincubation with the fak inhibitor pf573228.
conclusions : these data demonstrate that the actin-trx-1 complex protects trx-1 from degradation and , thus , endothelial cells from apoptosis.
reciprocally , trx-1 prevents stress fiber formation.
odontoblasts are long-lived post-mitotic cells in the dental pulp , whose function is to form and maintain dentin.
the survival mechanisms that preserve the viability of terminally differentiated odontoblasts during the life of a healthy tooth have not been described.
odontoblasts were found to develop an autophagic-lysosomal system organized mainly by large autophagic vacuoles that are acid-phosphatase-positive to various degrees.
progressive accumulation of lipofuscin within lysosomes indicates reduced lysosomal activity as a function of odontoblast aging.
our results suggest that autophagic activity in odontoblasts is a fundamental mechanism to ensure turnover and degradation of subcellular components.
a reduction in the efficacy of this system might compromise cell viability and dentinogenic secretory capacity.
in adult teeth , this condition is described as an ' old odontoblast ' stage.
between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ of @number@ persons ( @percent@ ) seeking vct services were seropositive for e. histolytica infection.
movement kinematics and error rates were compared for each viewing condition within and between subject groups.
amblyopic children were the worst performers under all viewing conditions , even when using the dominant eye.
conclusions : the importance of binocular vision for eye-hand coordination normally increases with age and use of online movement guidance.
restoring binocularity in children with amblyopia may improve their poor hand action control.
methods : @number@ cognitively healthy elderly subjects living in the community , from the kungsholmen project.
participants were assessed by direct interview to detect low mood.
subjects were then followed for @number@ years to identify those who developed mci.
people with incident mci were followed for a further @number@ years to assess progression to dementia.
results : people with low mood at baseline had a @number@.7-fold ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) increased risk of developing mci at follow-up.
in contrast , no association was found in ocind.
conclusion : low mood was more strongly associated with amci than with global cognitive impairment.
progression towards dementia was predicted only by low mood manifest in the prodromal stage of mci.
these findings indicate that low mood is particularly prominent in the very early stages of cognitive decline.
in view of the limited female reproductive lifespan , oocyte freezing can now offer women some protection against the decline in fertility with aging.
women were questioned on their awareness of the age-related fertility decline and their views and intentions towards considering undergoing oocyte cryopreservation.
our results demonstrate that @percent@ of respondents consider themselves as potential social oocyte freezers , of which @percent@ would definitely consider the procedure.
just over half of the women ( @percent@ ) would not consider the procedure while @percent@ indicated they had no opinion.
potential oocyte freezers are characterized by a higher number of desired children and more openness to oocyte donation.
package opening tasks have been identified as some of the most challenging that individuals need to perform to access food.
there is little previous study of the 3d hand loading that is required to open these products.
these differences suggest that a simple maximal torque test is not sufficient to characterise older adults ' abilities in relation to package opening.
the loading required to open packaging should be understood to ensure that packaging design is developed to be inclusive.
this is the first report of realistic complex packaging opening loading presented in the literature.
during gait the body is in a continuous state of imbalance , with each subsequent step preventing a fall.
gait balance is maintained by regulating the interactions between the center of mass ( com ) and base of support ( bos ) .
these interactions were investigated in healthy young adults , healthy older adults , and elderly fallers , who performed level walking at a self-selected speed.
decreased time available in responding to perturbations might result in a greater number of falls.
understanding foot position and com trajectories might allow for appropriate rehabilitation practices.
background : reference values and age-related changes of the wall thickness of the abdominal aorta have not been described in the general population.
methods : magnetic resonance imaging measurements of mawt were performed on @number@ free-living white , black , and hispanic adult subjects.
mawt race / ethnicity- and gender-specific percentile values across age were estimated using regression analyses.
results : mawt was greater in men than in women and increased linearly with age in all the groups and across all the percentiles.
hispanic women had the thinnest and black men the thickest aortas.
black men had the highest and white women the lowest age-related mawt increase.
conclusions : age , gender , and racial / ethnic differences in mawt distributions exist in the general population.
such differences should be considered in future investigations assessing aortic atherosclerosis and the effects of anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
objective : to understand the relationship between eye contact and patient-centered communication ( pc ) in physician-elder patient interactions.
eye contact was measured using a refined eye contact scale in ndept.
qualitative observational techniques were used to understand how eye contact can implicate communication.
results : ' high ' eye contact tapes were found to be ' high ' in pc using both instruments.
however , the majority of ' low ' tapes were also found to be ' high ' in pc.
conclusions : a comprehensive understanding of elder patient-physician interaction needs to include both-'listening ' and ' looking'-components of patient-centered communication.
the objective of this study is to physically and chemically characterize the pb-rich particles emitted at different workplaces in a lead recycling plant.
these particles first differed by their morphology and size distribution , with finer particles found in emissions.
differences observed in chemical composition could be explained by the industrial processes.
in most cases metal extractability increased with decreasing size of particles , in particular , lead exchangeability was highest for channeled emissions.
such type of study could help in the choice of targeted sanitary protection procedures and for further toxicological investigations.
in the present context , particular attention is given to emissions and furnace pm.
moreover , exposure to other metals than pb should be considered.
design : case control study of patients with dc compared with age- , gender- , and site-matched controls.
the number of macrophages was compared between patients with dc and controls in cd68 immunostained specimens.
main outcome measures : lymphatic density , edema , and inflammation.
macrophages were present in greater quantities in dc specimens ( @number@ vs. @number@ macrophages / high power field ; p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : patients with dc show an increase in number and maximal dilation of lymphatic vessels in conjunction with widely spaced collagen bundles.
this finding coexists with loss of elastic fibers , components known to be essential to the structure and function of the lymphatic system.
governed by macrophages , the pathogenesis of dc may begin with subclinical inflammation leading to elastolysis and secondary lymphostasis.
financial disclosure ( s ) : the author ( s ) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
this can lead to complications in undertaking everyday tasks such as using transport , bathing or even handling and opening food.
this access to packaging or ' openability ' has become a significant issue for designers and manufacturers with the change in demographics as described above.
this paper outlines a further study whereby consumers were asked to apply the most common grips to a specially designed torque measuring device.
this has implications for inclusive design of many everyday products.
recent studies have shown that tissue-specific stem cells ( scs ) found throughout the body respond differentially to dna damage.
finally , we will discuss how similar mechanisms operate in cancer stem cells ( cscs ) and can mediate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.
brain microangiopathy increases in frequency and severity with older age , with the presence of hypertension and to a lesser extent with diabetes.
magnetic resonance imaging is used to provide anatomical descriptions , but at this time only clinical examination and neuropsychological testing can assess white matter functioning.
clinical correlates of microangiopathy appear as subcortical cognitive alterations , but data are controversial about dementia risk.
brain microangiopathy seems to be however a complication of chronic hyperglycaemia , probably due to similar mechanisms occurring in retinopathy and other microvascular complications.
to date , many questions have been raised : how can brain microangiopathy progression be monitored ?
is there a reversible stage of brain microangiopathy ?
which preventive actions should be implemented in aging patients with diabetes ?
current rodent models of menopause fail to adequately recapitulate the menopause transition.
the intact aging model fails to achieve very low estrogen levels , and the ovariectomy model lacks a perimenopause phase.
as the mature follicle population is depleted through natural cycling , ovarian failure follows increasing periods of acyclity.
objective : to investigate the situation of overactive bladder ( oab ) in a community-based male population.
methods : male participants over @number@ years old were randomly selected from multiple communities in beijing.
definition of oab was determined as the score of item number @number@ in ipss ≥ @number@
results : of @number@ male participants enrolled , a total of @number@ men met our study criteria.
the mean age was ( @number@ ± @number@ ) years.
the prevalence of oab was closely associated with aging ( p < @number@ ) and the degree of luts ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of oab increased with aging of the community-based male population.
oab would obviously affect the quality of life of the aging men.
objective : to describe the clinical features and diagnosis of severe asthma with fungal sensitization ( safs ) .
methods : the clinical data of @number@ patients of safs from this hospital were presented , and the related literatures reviewed.
all of them presented with severe asthma symptoms , and were found to have fungal sensitization by skin prick testing.
their serum ige level was less than @number@ iu / ml.
a. fumigatus was positive from sputum cultures.
there were no radiological abnormalities such as pulmonary infiltrates and bronchiectasis by hrct in all cases.
the serum galactomannan ( gm ) was positive in @number@ patients.
after diagnosis , they received additional antifungal therapy for @number@ - @number@ months , respectively , and the prognosis was good.
conclusion : safs should be considered in patients with severe asthma and sensitization to fungi but without elevation of serum ige.
adjunctive antifungal therapy is beneficial for asthma control.
objective : to investigate the characters of corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candidates.
methods : iolmaster @number@ was adopted in this study to measure preoperative corneal keratometry.
the first suffered eye was taken as the observed eye when both eyes were involved.
descriptive statistics of keratometric cylinder data were analyzed.
the mean of corneal astigmatism , distribution of astigmatism and the cumulated distribution were calculated.
the relationship between age , axial length and astigmatism was analyzed respectively.
the symmetry of binocular astigmatism was also studied.
the median of astigmatism was @number@ d ( @number@ @date@ d ) .
with aging , the amount of atr astigmatism was increasing.
axial length was not correlated with the amount of astigmatism ( r = 0.179 , p = 0.203 ) .
corneal astigmatism was mirror symmetry in both eyes of one person.
conclusions : astigmatism , especially mild astigmatism , was common in patients with cataract , which suggests the importance of astigmatism correction.
the symmetry of astigmatism should be considered when both eyes need cataract surgery.
axial length is not related to astigmatism , indicating that the measurement and correction of astigmatism are important even in emmetropia eyes.
human aging is associated with bone loss leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures.
background : cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide ( co ( @number@ ) r ) is affected by age , gender and anesthetic agents.
while gender differences in co ( @number@ ) r are described in adults , there are no such data in children.
aim : to examine the gender differences in co ( @number@ ) r in children during sevoflurane anesthesia.
co ( @number@ ) r was calculated between etco ( @number@ ) ranges 30-40 and 40-50 mmhg.
vmca increased significantly with increase in co ( @number@ ) ( p < @number@ ) for both boys and girls.
the coefficient of nonlinear correlation ( r ) between vmca and etco ( @number@ ) was @number@ in girls vs @number@ in boys.
oxidized proteins were biosynthetically generated in situ by substituting oxidized analogues for parent amino acids.
a protein sample used as an internal control was labeled with nhs-cy5 and run on each gel.
dige analysis revealed @number@ differentially oxidized and @number@ differentially expressed protein spots with significantly different levels ( p < @number@ ) .
for total protein expression , principal component analysis revealed a large overlap between changes with overall aging and between apoe genotypes.
werner syndrome ( ws ) is characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies.
here , we present the results of a large-scale proteome analysis to determine protein partners of wrn.
we expressed fluorescent tagged-wrn ( eyfp-wrn ) in human @number@ embryonic kidney cells and detected interacting proteins by co-immunoprecipitation from cell extract.
we identified by mass spectrometry @number@ nuclear proteins that complexed with wrn.
this number was reduced to @number@ when broad-spectrum nucleases were added to the lysate.
we consider these @number@ proteins as directly interacting with wrn.
some of these proteins have previously been shown to interact with wrn , whereas most are new partners.
among the top @number@ hits , we find the new interactors tmpo , hnrnpu , rps3 , raly , rps9 ddx21 , and hnrnpm.
these proteins are likely important components in understanding the function of wrn in preventing premature aging and deserve further investigation.
we have confirmed endogenous wrn interaction with endogenous rps3 , a ribosomal protein with endonuclease activities involved in oxidative dna damage recognition.
our results suggest that the use of nucleases during cell lysis severely restricts interacting protein partners and thus enhances specificity.
in contrast , age-related decline did not differ between the three locomotion modes for off-road triathlon.
human aging is characterized by changes in the immune system which have a profound impact on the t-cell compartment.
these changes are more frequently found in cd8 + t cells , and there are not well-defined markers of differentiation in the cd4 + subset.
typical features of cell immunosenescence are characteristics of pathologies in which the aberrant expression of nkg2d in cd4 + t cells has been described.
cd28 expression distinguished two subsets of cd4 + nkg2d + cells with distinct functional properties and differentiation status.
cd28 + cells showed an immature phenotype associated with high frequencies of cd45ra and cd31.
however , most of the nkg2d + cells belonged to the cd28 ( null ) compartment and shared their phenotypical properties.
moreover , the frequency of the cd4 + nkg2d + subset was clearly related to the status of the t cells.
in conclusion , cd4 + nkg2d + represent a subset of highly differentiated t cells which characterizes the senescence of the immune system.
si may be a risk factor for hip fracture in chinese women.
methods : we recruited @number@ women and @number@ men as the study population.
results : hip bmd , csmi , csa and si showed significantly negative correlations with age.
in both genders , hip bmd and csa were significant lower in fracture cases compared with controls.
si may be a risk factor for hip fracture that is independent of bmd measurement in chinese women.
objective : multimorbidity is a common problem in the elderly that is significantly associated with higher mortality , increased disability and functional decline.
information about interactions of chronic diseases can help to facilitate diagnosis , amend prevention and enhance the patients ' quality of life.
analyses were based on @number@ diagnosis groups incorporating all icd-10 diagnoses of chronic diseases with a prevalence ≥ @percent@.
both genders were analyzed separately.
persons were assigned to multimorbidity patterns if they had at least three diagnosis groups with a factor loading of @number@ on the corresponding pattern.
the patterns were largely age-dependent and overlapped in a sizeable part of the population.
altogether @percent@ of female and @percent@ of male persons were assigned to at least one of the three multimorbidity patterns.
subjects were asked whether they had ever had an ht with loss of consciousness.
results : serum follicle stimulating hormone was significantly higher in males in the ht group ( p = @number@ ) than in the non-ht group.
this difference was not found in women ( p = @number@ ) .
no other differences were observed in serum hormone levels between subjects with and without ht ( p > @number@ ) .
also , no significant differences between the ht and non-ht group were found in bmd and quantitative ultrasound measurements.
nuclear lamins were originally described as the main constituents of the nuclear lamina , a filamentous meshwork closely associated with the inner nuclear membrane.
however , within recent years , it has become increasingly evident that a fraction of lamins also resides throughout the nuclear interior.
as proteins , lamins have been suggested to fulfill mainly structural functions such as providing shape and mechanical stability to the nucleus.
this review focuses on the lamina-independent pool of lamins in the nuclear interior , which surprisingly has not been studied in much detail so far.
the osteogenic potential of these cells exceeds that of adipose and skin-derived stromal cells and is equivalent to bone marrow stromal cells.
supernatants from human fractured tibial bone fragments promote osteogenesis and migration of muscle-derived stromal cells ( mdsc ) in vitro.
the main factor responsible for this is tnf-α , which promotes first mdsc migration , then osteogenic differentiation at low concentrations.
however , tnf-α is inhibitory at high concentrations.
in our murine model , addition of tnf-α at @number@ ng / ml at the fracture site accelerated healing.
our findings are based on a combination of human specimens and an in vivo murine model and may , therefore , translate to clinical care.
telomeric length is a reliable indicator of intrinsic biologic age and a surrogate for the mitotic clock.
because the prevalence of chronic kidney disease increases with age , telomere length and telomerase activity may play a role in its progression.
aging kidneys undergo structural and functional changes that decrease autoregulatory capacity and increase susceptibility to acute injury.
here we examine some of the current literature , identify knowledge gaps , and suggest potential research questions regarding acute kidney injury in older adults.
answering these questions will facilitate the integration of geriatric issues into future mechanistic and clinical studies that affect management and care of acute kidney injury.
context : age-related bone loss is associated with progressive changes in bone remodeling characterized by decreased bone formation relative to bone resorption.
both trabecular and periosteal bone formation decline with age in both sexes , which contributes to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures.
an important clinical question is to identify the mechanisms involved in the age-related defective bone formation.
evidence acquisition : the mechanisms discussed in this review are based on a pubmed search and knowledge of the authors in the field.
thus , targeting these pathways can abolish age-related bone loss.
copd is characterized by a poorly reversible airflow limitation resulting from chronic inflammation , mainly due to tobacco exposure.
extrapulmonary comorbidities significantly complicate the management and influence the prognosis of patients with copd.
physicians treating patients with copd need to become aware of these extrapulmonary aspects.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) cerebrovascular function is at risk.
we applied spectral and transfer function analysis to quantify dynamic cerebral autoregulation and brain tissue oxygenation.
the altered transfer of cbf to cortical oxygenation in ad indicates that properties of the cerebral microvasculature are changed in this disease.
age imparts long-term dynamic changes to faces : how these are represented in the human visual system has seldom been investigated.
there was no cross-modal transfer of after-effects from voices to faces.
there is a pressing need to promote a lifelong vaccine schedule to increase vaccination against vpds during the different stages of life.
we outline the impact of vaccines on the burden of common infectious diseases and consider the negative clinical impact of vpds in the unvaccinated population.
disability-free and healthy aging is closely linked to childhood health and medical conditions in young adulthood.
the midlife vaccine gap drastically impacts health in later life , especially in unvaccinated and older populations.
these arguments underline the need for a preventive lifelong health perspective from childhood through old age.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is a rare , deadly laminopathy.
research into its nature has provided valuable insights into understanding molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence.
a high degree of genomic instability occurs as dna double-strand breaks are introduced but not repaired , despite appropriate machinery.
damage-response mechanisms become deregulated as a result of failed recruitment of elongation factors and possibly ancillary to disruption of chromatin organization.
by creating fertility reserves , women are now able to become pregnant using their own eggs , even after menopause.
multiple arguments already exist against postmenopausal motherhood , most of which stress the potential risk of damage involved due to the mother's advanced age.
( @number@ ) postmenopausal motherhood can find legitimacy through the development and success of antiaging medicine.
( @number@ ) the acceptance of postmenopausal motherhoods in our society first requires that antiaging medicine itself find some sort of ethical legitimacy.
as revealed by the literature , the attainment of a healthy life could be impacted by the social milieu.
however , little attention has been paid to this need in the biogerontological field.
this article investigates how preferences for reform and its eventual design were shaped by the country's social history and commitment to free market values.
data also derive from a variety of documentary sources.
deficiency citations for safety violations in u.s. nursing homes from @number@ to @number@ are examined ( representing a panel of @number@ observations ) .
the findings show that nursing homes increasingly receive deficiency citations for resident safety issues.
in many cases , this likely influences the quality of life and quality of care of residents.
caregivers have an important role in assisting frail and / or disabled individuals to maintain their independence in the community.
support to assist caregivers in this often stressful and demanding role is critical to sustaining the caregivers ' health and ability to provide care.
this paper reviews federal policy changes since @number@ that have expanded and enhanced services for informal caregivers.
program characteristics , such as eligibility and consumer-directed options , are included.
finally , the accomplishments and initiatives reported by state respondents related to supporting informal caregivers are also explained.
the author assessed the driving behaviors of a sample of @number@ men and women.
the findings demonstrate that the driving mobility of older people is influenced by state relicensing policies.
the driving patterns of older adults are influenced not only by their health and socioeconomic backgrounds , but also by state relicensing policies.
we used an established theoretical model of 3d arterial mechanics that assumes a hyperelastic , anisotropic , active-passive , and residually stressed wall.
the associated quasi-static boundary value problem was solved semi-analytically over a cardiac cycle while accounting for surrounding perivascular tissue.
transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) studies have demonstrated that cortical excitability is enhanced in ad patients.
this cortical hyperexcitability is believed to be a compensatory mechanism to execute voluntary movements , despite the progressive impairment of associative cortical areas.
the potential therapeutic effect of repetitive tms in restoring or compensating damaged cognitive functions , might become a possible rehabilitation tool in ad patients.
the aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of different resistance training protocols on bone marker concentrations in older men.
a significant main effect for time was detected in bone alp to ctx ratio for the exercise groups ( p < @number@ ) .
therefore , despite using low mechanical load , li-vrt is a potentially effective training alternative to traditional hi-rt for enhancing bone health in older men.
the extent of the impairment in metabolism was classified as absent , mild , medium or strong.
complementary analyses using statistical parametric mapping ( spm2 ) supported the findings of the visual analysis.
in detecting ftld with visual rating , sensitivity / specificity was 81 / 94% compared to ad and 81 / 64% compared to mci.
patients with ftd were correctly attributed to a diagnosis of ftld with a sensitivity of @percent@.
this visual rating scale may facilitate the differential diagnosis of ftld in clinical routine.
fifty patients were included in a one-year follow-up study , assessing fall events and scoring average physical activity at home in telephone interviews.
conclusions : our results suggest that accelerometer data may be used to predict falls in an unsupervised setting.
furthermore , the parameters used for prediction are measurable with an unobtrusive sensor device during normal activities of daily living.
these promising results have to be validated in a larger , long-term prospective trial.
study objectives : chronic non-healing wounds are a major human and economic burden.
we hypothesized that osa would have more prevalence in patients of a wound center than the general middle-aged population.
methods : consecutive patients of the ohio state university comprehensive wound center ( cwc ) were surveyed with the berlin and epworth questionnaires.
in the second stage of the protocol , @number@ consecutive unselected cwc patients with lower extremity wounds underwent home sleep studies.
results : in @number@ patients of the cwc who underwent the survey study , osa had been previously diagnosed in only @percent@.
the prevalence of high-risk status based on questionnaires for osa was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @percent@ , @percent@ ) .
there was no difference between the berlin questionnaire score and weight between patients with osa and those without.
conclusions : the prevalence of osa in patients with chronic wounds exceeds the estimated prevalence of osa in the general middle aged population.
this study identifies a previously unrecognized population with high risk for osa.
commonly used questionnaires were not sufficiently sensitive for the detection of high risk status for osa in this patient population.
older adults exhibit greater motor variability , which impairs their accuracy and function , compared with young adults.
low-intensity training that emphasizes muscle coordination reduces variability in older adults.
furthermore , a low amount of visual feedback minimizes age-associated differences in variability.
we hypothesize that an intervention that combines muscle coordination and reduced visual feedback would be advantageous to improve motor control in older adults.
aging , vascular function , and exercise are thought to have a common link in oxidative stress.
objectives : we evaluated the relationships between sex steroid levels and heart rate variability ( hrv ) parameters.
study design : the study included @number@ male subjects ( mean age @number@.6±11.3 years ) presenting to our department for cardiologic evaluation.
parameters of hrv were derived from 24-hour holter monitoring.
results : all the participants had normal biochemical results.
the three age groups were similar in terms of anthropometric measurements.
serum e2 level was negatively correlated with the parasympathetic parameter of rmssd , and positively correlated with lf / hf24 hours and gsi.
among serum sex steroids , dhea-s was the most correlated parameter with autonomic functions.
conclusion : our results showed positive correlations between androgens and parasympathetic activity and between estradiol and sympathetic activity in men , independent from anthropometric factors.
only rare cytoplasmic phosphorylated and ubiquitinated tdp-43 inclusions were seen in htdp-43-δnls mice , suggesting that cytoplasmic inclusions were not required to induce neuronal death.
instead , neurodegeneration in htdp-43 and htdp-43-δnls-expressing neurons was accompanied by a dramatic downregulation of the endogenous mouse tdp-43.
moreover , mice expressing htdp-43-δnls exhibited profound changes in gene expression in cortical neurons.
background : with constrained health-care resources , there is a need to understand barriers to cost-effective medication use.
objective : to study physician perceptions about generic medications.
descriptive statistics were used to assess physician perceptions and logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of physician perceptions.
physicians reported that pharmaceutical company representatives are the most common ( @percent@ ) source of information about market entry of a generic medication.
almost half of the respondents expressed concern that free samples may adversely affect subsequent affordability , yet two thirds of respondents provide free samples.
conclusions : a meaningful proportion of physicians expressed negative perceptions about generic medications , representing a potential barrier to generic use.
payors and policymakers trying to encourage generic use may consider educational campaigns targeting older physicians.
background : aged patients ( > 50 years old ) with residual schizophrenic symptoms differ from young patients.
they represent a subpopulation with a more unfavorable kraepelinian course and have an increased risk ( up to @percent@ ) for dementia of unknown origin.
this study investigated the anatomical distribution of gray matter ( gm ) brain deficits in aged patients with ongoing schizophrenia.
only the latter region showed accelerated gm volume loss with increasing age.
of these results could be accounted for by institutionalization , antipsychotic medication , or cognitive scores.
conclusions : this study replicated most common findings in patients with schizophrenia with regard to thalamic and frontal gm deficits.
however , it uncovered an unexpected large region of gm atrophy in the posterior tertiary cortices.
the period between questionnaire administrations was @number@ weeks.
setting : adelaide , south australia.
purpose : to determine the mean corneal power , astigmatism , and irregularity in a sample from the population of tehran.
the values obtained for keratometry , corneal astigmatism , and corneal irregularity were studied.
results : the mean keratometry reading was @number@ diopter ( d ) [ @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) : @number@.22-44.57 ] .
age , spherical equivalent and corneal diameter were significantly correlated with mean keratometry reading in the multivariate model.
mean corneal astigmatism was @number@ d ( @percent@ ci : @number@.89-1.06 ) , also significantly correlated with spherical equivalent in the multivariate model.
the literature concerning subjects who have reading difficulties has repeatedly noted their abnormal eye movements.
the developmental eye movement ( dem ) test was developed on the assumption that poor eye movement control is a major cause of reading difficulties.
english readers ( @number@ children , @number@ adults ) , and arabic readers ( six children , five adults ) were recruited.
the results support the hypothesis that abnormal eye movements are more likely to be an effect and not the cause of reading difficulties.
the dem test should not be used to diagnose eye movement difficulties in a patient with poor reading ability.
background : patients with severe space-occupying so-called malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts have a poor prognosis even under maximum intensive care treatment.
randomised trials demonstrated that early hemicraniectomy reduces mortality from about @percent@ to @percent@ without increasing the risk of being very severely disabled.
hemicraniectomy increases the chance to survive completely independent more than fivefold and doubles the chance to survive at least partly independent.
only patients up to 60-years have been included in these trials.
however , patients older than 60-years represent about @percent@ of all patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts.
this leads to great uncertainty in everyday clinical practice.
aims : to investigate the efficacy of early hemicraniectomy in patients older than 60-years with malignant mca infarcts.
patients are randomised to either maximum conservative treatment alone or in addition to early hemicraniectomy within @number@ h after symptom onset.
the trial uses a sequential design with a maximum number of @number@ patients to be enrolled ( isrctn @number@ ) .
conclusion : the results of this trial are expected to directly influence decision making in these patients.
design : we conducted an age-period-cohort analysis using data from the us vital statistics and the us census covering the period 1968-2007.
setting and participants : the united states population aged 15-64 years.
measurements : cause of death and demographic data as recorded on death certificates.
for all demographic groups baby boomers had higher odds of death due to accidental poisoning than the cohorts that came before and after them.
these results point to the need to bolster overdose prevention programs and policies as the historical increase in accidental poisoning mortality appears to continue unabated.
purpose : self-perceptions of health vary depending on one's social and cultural context.
rural residents have been characterized as having a distinct culture , and health differences by residence have been well documented.
while there is evidence of poor health among rural older adults , little research has examined how they perceive and define health.
qualitative methods may help capture these lay meanings of health.
the purpose of our study was to use a qualitative approach to examine what perceptions community-dwelling rural older adults have regarding their health.
a total of @number@ participants were asked questions about their personal definitions of health.
with professional transcribed tapes from the focus group discussions , we used a systematic text analysis approach.
we found that older adults ' perceptions about health contain components which most medical professionals would not take into account.
health care providers may consider supplementing traditional medical approaches with a more contextually sensitive recognition of rural elders ' desired health goals and outcomes.
the gastrointestinal microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids , especially butyrate , which affect colonic health , immune function and epigenetic regulation.
diet and lifestyle were assessed in questionnaire-based interviews.
gastrointestinal microbiota of the elderly is characterized by decreased butyrate production capacity , reflecting increased risk of degenerative diseases.
these results suggest that the butyryl-coa : acetate coa-transferase gene is a valuable marker for gastrointestinal microbiota function.
study @number@ ( n = 449 ) extended these ratings to relationship-related memories and the phenomenological experience of the memory.
purpose : hiv-related immunological and multisystem accelerated aging contributes to the premature occurrence of age-related comorbidities.
such non-aids-defining comorbidities include cardiovascular disease , dyslipidemia , osteoporosis and frailty , and are of increasing importance with improved survival on antiretrovirals.
methods : a literature search was performed using pubmed.
cited articles were peer reviewed and included prospective , retrospective and basic science studies , systematic reviews and center for disease control and prevention data.
viral mediated atherogenesis further accelerates end organ dysfunction and increases mortality.
frailty , a clinical syndrome characterized by multisystem dysregulation and increased vulnerability to stressors , occurs prematurely in hiv-infected persons especially those with advanced disease.
frailty prevalence and clinical characteristics are similar in affected older adults and hiv-infected persons.
its presence is associated with a number of negative outcomes including greater comorbidity and hospitalization.
conclusion : premature frailty , like other non-aids-defining comorbidities , is a manifestation of hiv-related accelerated aging.
the synergism of hiv infection and aging has alarming clinical and socioeconomic implications.
research is needed to identify the factors that predict the development of premature frailty among hiv-infected persons and the optimal prevention and management strategies.
methods : @number@ subjects were enrolled ( including @number@ parkinsonism and @number@ arthritis ) from ulaanbaatar and @number@ other areas in mongolia.
oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the level of urinary ( 8-ohdg ) .
the minerals accumulated in scalp hair were measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method.
as a control , @number@ healthy japanese subjects were enrolled.
these levels were correlated with urinary 8-ohdg levels.
the subjects with parkinsonism and arthritis demonstrated higher levels in these minerals than healthy subjects.
conclusion : high accumulations of these minerals may increase oxidative stress in mongolian people , and induce parkinsonism and arthritis through the high oxidative stress.
the high accumulations of these minerals may be induced by eating large amounts of sheep meat.
in addition , sandy wind pollution may also contribute to it.
previous studies have revealed a loss of the ability to identify specific emotional facial expressions ( efes ) in old age.
this has been consistently associated with a decline of the ability to coordinate the performance of two tasks concurrently.
working memory is usually tested using dt paradigms.
regarding to aging , there is evidence that with dt performance during encoding the costs are substantial.
our results demonstrate that aging is associated with higher dt costs when efes are identified concurrently with a visuo-spatial task.
in contrast , there was not a significant age-related decline when the two tasks were presented sequentially.
this suggests a deficit of the central executive rather than visuo-spatial memory deficits.
proteins are susceptible to numerous non-enzymatic post-translational modifications which occur both during normal aging and in neurodegenerative states.
the formation of l- isoaspartyl residues in proteins alters their three-dimensional structure leading usually to a loss of function.
the protein l-isoaspartyl ( d-aspartyl ) methyltransferase ( pimt ) is an enzyme that recognizes and repairs the abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues in proteins.
its expression appears to decline during aging which could partially explain the build up of damaged proteins in old age.
the emphasis is on possible molecular mechanisms controlling pimt expression and the ability of pimt to repair isomerized substrates during aging.
investigation of processes regulating age-related accumulation of isomerized proteins is a promising avenue to a better understanding of aging at the protein level.
various protein factors , including telomerase and wrn helicase , are involved in telomere maintenance.
here , we examined the changes in gene expressions and promoter activities of wrn helicase and telomerase after rsv treatment.
this treatment increased the amount of wrn transcript and protein product by activating its promoter and telomerase promoter activity and gene expression.
however cell proliferation was not changed.
this suggests that rsv induces telomere maintenance factors like wrn helicase without affecting cell proliferation.
model organism data , next-generation sequencing , and further advances call for sophisticated large-scale data analysis.
this meeting report summarizes talks and gives some outlook into future developments.
oxidative stress ( oxs ) and inflammation are physiopathological mechanisms related to diabetes and aging.
our findings suggest that aging , in concert with diabetes , exerts an additive effect on oxs and inflammation.
male breast cancer ( mbc ) is a rare disease.
however , as global populace ages , there is a trend to mbc increasing.
clinic manifestation is painless hard and fixed nodule in the subareolar region in @percent@ of cases , with nipple commitment earlier than in women.
infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most frequent histological type.
the established standard of care is modified radical mastectomy followed by tamoxifen for endocrine-responsive positive disease , although other options are being explored.
there is a need for specific multi-institutional trials to better understanding of clinicopathologic features and establishment of optimal therapy for this disease.
background : accessing information that defines personally familiar context in real-world situations is essential for the social interactions and the independent functioning of an individual.
personal familiarity is associated with the availability of semantic and episodic information as well as the emotional meaningfulness surrounding a stimulus.
twelve young and twelve elderly cognitively healthy subjects participated in the study.
the young subjects , but not the elderly subjects demonstrated an additional anterior cingulate deactivation when perceiving unfamiliar stimuli.
study objectives : slow wave eeg activity in nrem sleep decreases by more than @percent@ between ages @number@ and @number@ years.
we used longitudinal data to determine whether these homeostatic dynamics change across adolescence.
design : all-night sleep eeg was recorded semiannually for @number@ years.
setting : eeg was recorded with ambulatory recorders in the subjects ' homes.
participants : sixty-seven subjects in @number@ cohorts , one starting at age @number@ and one starting at age @number@ years.
we also tested for age changes in the parameters of the process s exponential decline.
for both delta and theta , the proportion of energy in the first nremp declined significantly across ages @number@ to @number@ years.
swa ( @number@ ) and twa ( @number@ ) declined significantly ( p < @number@ ) across ages @number@ to @number@
conclusions : these declines indicate that the intensity of the homeostatic or restorative processes at the beginning of sleep diminished across adolescence.
we propose that this change in sleep regulation is caused by the synaptic pruning that occurs during adolescent brain maturation.
these subjects were medical checkup participants recruited at nagoya university hospital with no macular disease , as confirmed by fundus photographs.
serum hs-crp levels were measured using a highly sensitive latex aggregation immunoassay.
results : all three polymorphisms in the arms2 / htra1 region were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium.
haplotype analyses showed the existence of only two common haplotypes , together comprising @percent@.
regression analyses showed that the level of hs-crp was positively correlated with increasing age.
this was significant assuming an additive model for gene-dosage association ( univariate analyses : p = 0.032 ) .
mitochondria are important regulators of cellular function and survival that may have a key role in aging-related diseases.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) mutations and oxidative stresses are known to contribute to aging-related changes.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is an aging-associated rheumatic disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and elevated chondrocyte mortality.
articular cartilage chondrocytes survive and maintain tissue integrity in an avascular , low-oxygen environment.
methods : a total of @number@ japanese patients underwent the lowering the lower eyelid procedure between @number@ and @number@
the main indications were patients with vertically narrow palpebral aperture or an up-slanting appearance.
the middle lamella was not touched during the procedure.
results : the up-slanting lower eyelid margin was lowered and the lateral part of the palpebral aperture was enlarged by the procedure in all cases.
cosmetic outcomes were encouraging and satisfying to most patients.
these minor complications resolved within @number@ month.
eight revision operations were required for undercorrection.
conclusions : the lowering the lower eyelid procedure offers asian patients desiring large oval eyes a novel surgical option.
the procedure proved to be a reliable and consistent technique that provided satisfactory results in carefully selected patients.
context : major depressive disorder ( mdd ) in elderly individuals is prevalent and debilitating.
it is accompanied by circadian rhythm disturbances associated with impaired functioning of the suprachiasmatic nucleus , the biological clock of the brain.
circadian rhythm disturbances are common in the elderly.
objective : to determine the efficacy of blt in elderly patients with mdd.
design : double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
setting : home-based treatment in patients recruited from outpatient clinics and from case-finding using general practitioners ' offices in the amsterdam region.
main outcome measures : mean improvement in hamilton scale for depression scores at t1 and t2 using parameters of sleep and cortisol and melatonin levels.
conclusions : in elderly patients with mdd , blt improved mood , enhanced sleep efficiency , and increased the upslope melatonin level gradient.
in addition , blt produced continuing improvement in mood and an attenuation of cortisol hyperexcretion after discontinuation of treatment.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct00332670.
context : cognitive impairment in late-life depression is a core feature of the illness.
design : randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled maintenance trial.
setting : university clinic.
participants : one hundred thirty older adults aged @number@ years and older with recently remitted major depression.
interventions : random assignment to maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy and donepezil or to maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy and placebo.
main outcome measures : global neuropsychological performance , cognitive instrumental activities of daily living , and recurrent depression.
the subgroup with normal cognition ( n = @number@ ) showed no benefit with donepezil and no increase in recurrence of major depression.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00177671.
purpose : black and white middle-aged adults typically are in a pivot position of providing support to generations above and below.
racial differences in support to each generation in the family remain unclear , however.
different factors may account for racial differences in support of grown children versus aging parents.
participants reported background characteristics representing their resources and measures of needs for each family member.
interviews also assessed beliefs about obligation to support parents and grown children and rewards from helping.
results : multilevel models revealed white middle-aged adults provided more support to grown children than black middle-aged adults.
demands from offspring , beliefs about support , and rewards from helping explained these racial differences.
black middle-aged adults provided more support to parents than white middle-aged adults.
beliefs about support and feelings of personal reward from providing support explained this difference but resources and demands did not.
implications : racial differences varied by generation ( parent or offspring ) .
the prolonged transitions common for white young adults explained racial differences in support of offspring.
middle-aged adults may treat support of parents as more discretionary , with cultural ideas about obligation and personal rewards guiding behaviors.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia.
severe memory loss , confusion , and impaired cognitive abilities characterize ad.
however , these drugs show only modest effects on ad patients.
thus , new investigations are necessary for pharmacological development in ad.
objectives : this study was designed to investigate women's experiences of engaging in an age-appearance anti-smoking intervention.
transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis broadly informed by the procedures of grounded theory.
they reported that seeing their own face aged on the computer screen increased their perceived risk of skin wrinkling.
this was linked with increased perceived personal responsibility for quitting.
conclusions : results are discussed in relation to suggestions for anti-smoking interventions aimed at women in the 18- to 34-year-old age group.
it is concluded that interventions incorporating age-appearance morphing techniques are likely to be effective in helping women to take active steps to quit smoking.
they participated in a 4-diving protocol.
two week recovery time was allowed between successive dives.
then they dived to @number@ msw for @number@ min with air tank.
methods : blood samples were collected before and after each dive.
results : the dives slightly decreased lymphocyte number and significantly reduced lymphocyte h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) levels.
cat activity was higher after scuba diving and , dive @number@ enhanced mrna gene expression of cat , gpx and sod.
pre-breathing oxygen in water may also preserve calcium homeostasis , suggesting a protective role in the physiological lymphocyte cell functions.
caloric restriction is an established intervention , of which anti-aging effects are scientifically proven.
it has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system : vascular protection , improvement of myocardial ischemic tolerance and retardation of cardiac senescence.
first , increasing evidence from both experimental and clinical studies supports the concept that \ "a man is as old as his arteries \ ".
caloric restriction could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular aging through direct and indirect mechanisms.
second , the hearts of senescent animals are more susceptible to ischemia than those of young animals.
we demonstrated that short-term and prolonged caloric restriction confers cardioprotection against ischemia / reperfusion injury in young and aged rodents.
in contrast , the mechanisms by which prolonged caloric restriction confers cardioprotection seem more complicated.
adiponectin , nitric oxide synthase and sirtuin may form a network of cardiovascular protection during caloric restriction.
third , long-term caloric restriction has cardiac-specific effects that attenuate the age-associated impairment seen in left ventricular diastolic function.
it is possible that long-term caloric restriction partially retards cardiac senescence by attenuating oxidative damage in the aged heart.
overall , we strongly believe that caloric restriction could reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events in humans.
aortic stenosis is the most predominant valvular pathology occurring in older adults with an expected increase over time.
this article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of aortic stenosis in this unique population and the critical role of various echocardiographic modalities.
the value of real time three-dimensional real time echocardiography in the assessment and management of aortic stenosis in older adults is emphasized.
concerns raised with this preventive measure include safety and efficacy issues as well as the financial implications.
objective : a review of two licensed hpv vaccines ( gardasil , merck and cervarix , galxosmithkline ) in the light of these issues.
bibliographies of selected references were also evaluated for relevant articles.
published guidelines and press releases were utilized as were the manufacturer's package inserts.
the collection of information for this review was limited to the most recently available human data.
the majority of adverse events were non-serious and the vaccine has not been conclusively implicated with serious events.
the fda continues to focus on routine post-marketing surveillance monitoring of reported adverse events.
the bivalent vaccine has also been shown to be effective in reported trials.
its adverse effect profile also appears acceptable.
what is new and conclusion : the hpv vaccines appear safe and effective.
additional clinical research on the vaccines on women outside the currently approved age ranges and in males is necessary.
studies on longer-term outcomes , including cervical cancer and the emergence of new viral genotypes are also necessary.
researchers have reviewed couple and family therapy journals to determine the extent to which issues concerning older populations are addressed.
from the articles , @number@ ( @percent@ ) mentioned aging or included older adults in their sample.
results indicate that the number of articles emphasizing older adults has not substantially increased.
the articles reviewed in this study indicated a greater focus on aging issues and addressing issues during this life cycle stage.
in the adult brain , neurogenesis under physiological conditions occurs in the subventricular zone and in the dentate gyrus.
although the exact molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown , several factors have been shown to affect neurogenesis.
decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as one of the mechanisms of age-related brain dysfunction.
in finland , cerad-nb was introduced in @number@ and has been proposed to be used in primary health care.
however , some of its parts need reassessment and focusing.
materials and methods : the study population consisted of @number@ patients with mild ad and @number@ cognitively normal elderly.
both groups underwent cerad-nb investigation as a part of a wider examination procedure.
optimal cut-off points for each subtest are suggested.
conclusions : the cerad-nb is capable of differentiating cases with mild ad from normal elderly individuals particularly with its verbal memory subtests.
background : the plasma level of cystatin c is a better marker than plasma creatinine for successful aging.
however , the observations of an association between cystatin c level and inflammation stem from large cohort studies.
the present work concerns the cystatin c levels and degree of inflammation in longitudinal studies of individual subjects without inflammation , who undergo elective surgery.
results : twenty patients had crp-levels below @number@ mg / l before surgery and low levels of the additional inflammatory markers.
surgery caused marked inflammation with high peak values of crp and saa on the second day after the operation.
the creatinine level was significantly reduced on the first postoperative day but reached the preoperative level towards the end of the observation period.
design.
data collected in @number@ and @number@ within the health of young victorians longitudinal cohort study.
setting : originally a community sample of elementary school students in victoria , australia.
follow-up occurred in either secondary schools or individuals homes.
participants : cohort recruited in @number@ via a random sampling design from victorian elementary schools.
main outcome measures.
cross-sectional inverse associations between lower pedsql and higher bmi categories were similar to those for elementary school children.
wave @number@ bmi strongly predicted wave @number@ bmi and wave @number@ pedsql strongly predicted wave @number@ pedsql.
only parent-reported total pedsql score predicted higher subsequent bmi , though this effect was small.
wave @number@ bmi did not predict wave @number@ pedsql.
the influence of aging on hearing and vestibular function in patients with auditory neuropathy has not been investigated.
the purpose of this study was to investigate how hearing and vestibular function in this disease change with aging.
the subjects were three female patients with auditory neuropathy.
in all three patients , speech discrimination ability and vestibular function markedly declined with aging.
however , speech language understanding and higher brain function were less affected by aging.
although population-based cancer registries are the best answer , regrettably there are still many regions with low accuracy registries.
in an alternative estimation , cancer incidences have been analyzed by age-period-cohort ( apc ) models , allowing future prediction of cancer incidences in @number@
considering the unexpectedly rapid aging of the japanese population after this figure was reported , it would be worthwhile to examine more recent data.
in this study , we therefore projected major cancer incidences based on the earlier results leaving estimated values for the age and cohort effects.
relating to the period effect , the most adequate scenario was selected from @number@ projection methods.
furthermore , incidences when registration rates varied between @number@ and @percent@ were calculated.
as a result , different trends from reported incidences were observed for liver cancer in males , and trends of registration rates differed by sites.
however , it is clearly necessary to continuously observe variation in cancer incidences.
little is known about how well apns were educated regarding ui , especially in older adult women.
purposive sampling was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional , descriptive , and correlational design study.
fifty-four apns completed a questionnaire developed by the author based on the aging literature , advanced practice nursing competencies , and ui guidelines.
findings suggest that apns generally have positive attitudes , perceptions , and knowledge of ui in women.
however , participants had difficulty in applying this knowledge to the clinical setting : assessing , diagnosing , treating , and managing ui.
more emphasis is needed in graduate nursing curriculums and in precepted clinical experiences regarding ui in women.
this article examines general skin care for older people , including barrier function and changes associated with the ageing process.
a systematic approach to skin assessment is also provided and general skin care with a focus on personal hygiene is discussed.
methods by which older people themselves and nursing staff can help to promote and improve skin health are identified.
the development of computational approaches is , however , challenged by a wide spectrum of aging mechanisms participating on different levels of biological organization.
we introduce the necessary key steps to build these applications and discuss their merits and future extensions for aging research.
we retrospectively reviewed @number@ consecutive patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent decompression surgery between @number@ and @number@
patients with other conditions that could affect functional status or compression factors other than spondylosis were excluded from this study.
of the remaining @number@ patients , @number@ with csm whose condition could be evaluated @number@ months after surgery were analyzed.
there were no significant differences in the percentages of patients with comorbidities or those with postoperative complications.
since this age group shows a rapid deterioration after onset , prompt decompression surgery is required.
in the u.s. , aminolevulinic acid ( ala ) has been used in an off-label manner with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of chronic photodamage.
the published use of mal-pdt for photorejuvenation is more limited.
mal-pdt is usually conducted with a red light source , ala-pdt with a blue light source.
intrapatient randomization determined split-area treatment with a blue or red light source.
the majority of patients were also treated with pulsed dye laser ( pdl ) and / or intense pulsed light ( ipl ) for photoactivation.
digitial photography documented the treatment area at each visit ( days @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) .
patient and physician scoring of photodamage occurred at baseline and final visits.
side effects following mal-pdt were evaluated.
results : no statistically significant differences in signs of photodamage following mal-pdt were observed between blue versus red light treated sides.
the greatest improvement in photodamage measures following @number@ mal-pdt were pigmentation , ak and erythema.
side effects were mild in nature and did not differ between treatment sides , and all but mild erythema resolved by day @number@
conclusion : blue and red light have similar efficacy as the light source for mal-pdt when combined with other light sources.
side effects following mal-pdt with red versus blue light were similar and mild in severity.
mal-pdt is an effective treatment modality for chronic photodamage , in particular ak and pigmentation.
investigator , independent evaluator and subjects assessed results at four time points.
results : safety.
brief and minor adverse events were reported.
efficacy.
wrinkle severity , improvement and patient satisfaction were assessed.
wrinkle severity.
less severity was noted at @number@ months than at baseline.
improvement.
patient satisfaction.
at @number@ months , @number@ percent of subjects rated their results as \ "satisfactory \ " or better.
conclusion : in this study , caha performed well , with a favorable safety and durability profile.
this application expands treatment options in patients seeking rejuvenation of the aging hand and face.
introduction : no previously published botulinum toxin type a cosmetic trials included both physician and subject measures of onset.
objective : determine physician- and subject-reported onset of onabotulinumtoxina.
methods : two-center open-label , 14-day study in toxin-naive female patients with moderate-to-severe glabellar lines ( gl ) treated with 20-u onabotulinumtoxina.
onset endpoint was categorical ( physician assessed : days @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ subject : 14-day diary ) .
subjects rated improvements in gl severity and completed the facial line outcomes ( flo ) and self-perception of age ( spa ) questionnaires.
results : nearly half , @number@ percent ( n = 45 ) of subjects , reported onset by day @number@
at all time points , flo and spa improved ( p = 0.008 and p = 0.01 , respectively ) .
no serious adverse events occurred.
conclusion : onabotulinumtoxina provides rapid onset ( one to two days ) based on physician and subject assessment.
background : precise factors associated with premature skin aging , or photoaging , in the general population are unknown.
objective : to examine the risk factors for photoaging in a queensland community.
results : @percent@ of the participants had premature skin aging , worsening after the age of @number@
red hair and mainly outdoor work or leisure raised the odds of microtopographic photoaging.
conclusions : premature skin aging is common in the subtropics , more severe in men and the fair-skinned.
it is associated with high sun exposure during leisure or work , and moderate to heavy smoking , and therefore is preventable.
thymus has a unique appearance at ultrasound ( us ) .
has palpable nodules.
results : intrathyroidal thymic inclusions appeared on us as a hypoechoic area , with regular linear or punctuate internal hyperechoic echoes.
the ocular spherical aberration ( @number@ μm / year ) and horizontal coma ( @number@ μm / year ) increased moderately with age.
this is not due to changes in the optical alignment , since angle kappa did not vary significantly with age.
age-related variations in the radii of curvature of the crystalline lens modify slightly its shape factor , reducing the compensation of lateral coma.
( midus ) study.
age-related differences in patterns of association were also examined.
greater average reported frequency of social exchanges characterized by strain or conflict was negatively associated with executive function but not episodic memory.
patterns were generally consistent across different age groups ; where differences were seen , associations were stronger in younger age group.
after age @number@ all cognitive abilities showed evidence for statistically significant declines , although the magnitude of these changes varied considerably.
performance at age @number@ was correlated with self-reported health for measures of processing speed and episodic memory.
changes in health status were related to changes in some aspects of processing speed.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors which places individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
in addition to obesity and insulin resistance , inflammation is emerging as a potential etiologic factor of the syndrome.
one hypothesis suggests that obesity contributes to insulin resistance through increased production of adipose-derived inflammatory cytokines.
currently , lifestyle change is the first line of treatment for mets.
only recently , however , have studies begun exploring the effect of lifestyle interventions on the mediation of inflammation in individuals with mets.
of six studies assessed , lifestyle interventions were consistently successful at improving the inflammatory and metabolic profiles.
interestingly , improvements in the inflammatory profile were found to be largely independent of obesity.
in mammals , thermoregulation is a key feature in the maintenance of homeostasis.
thermoregulatory capacities are strongly related to energy balance and animals are constantly seeking to limit the energy costs of normothermia.
in case of thermal changes , physiological mechanisms are enhanced , increasing rates of energy expenditure.
however , behavioral adjustments are available for species to lower the autonomic work , and thus reduce the energy costs of thermoregulatory responses.
hence , thermogenesis-induced metabolic costs can be reduced during cold exposure , and hyperthermia associated to dehydration can be avoided during heat exposure.
hypothermia avoidance consists in a concomitant decrease in heat dissipation and increase in heat production.
inversely , heat exchange is enhanced and body heat production is reduced when avoiding hyperthermia.
the different behavioral strategies available for mammal species to cope with both decreased and increased levels of ambient temperature are reviewed.
some examples will be given.
vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
in particular , we try to dissect these pathways and also examine cross-talk between different signalling pathways.
in the present studies we assessed the impact of gspe exposure on the ultrastructure of phfs isolated from alzheimer's disease brain.
transmission electron microscopy revealed that gspe induced profound dose- and time-dependent alterations in the morphology of phfs with partial disintegration of filaments.
filaments showed ∼2-fold enlargement in width and displayed numerous protrusions and splayed ends consistent with unfolding of tau and diminished structural stability.
in comparison , labeling of n-terminus ( alz50 ) was enhanced.
after adjusting for multiple comparisons , a significant association was found between adam10 snp rs514049 and appα levels.
these results suggest that genetic variation within adam10 , an app processing gene , influences csf appα levels in an ad specific manner.
neurofibrillary degeneration induced by misfolded protein tau is considered to be one of the key pathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the transgenic rats developed progressive age-dependent neurofibrillary degeneration in the cortical brain areas.
moreover , neurofibrillary degeneration was characterized by extensive formation of sarkosyl insoluble tau protein complexes consisting of rat endogenous and truncated tau species.
interestingly , the transgenic rats did not show neuronal loss either in the cortex or in the hippocampus.
we suggest that novel transgenic rat model for human tauopathy represents a valuable tool in preclinical drug discovery targeting neurofibrillary degeneration of alzheimer's type.
objectives : to describe the distribution and implications of prostate-specific antigen velocity ( psav ) by prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) in an unselected population.
it is unknown how frequently psavs of this magnitude occur in community men.
we also determined whether psav altered the probability of overall and life-threatening cap at psa levels < 3 and 3-10 ng / ml.
results : overall , the mean psa and psav were @number@ ng / ml and @number@ ng / ml / y , respectively.
because the value of psav is psa-dependent , the psa level should be taken into account when interpreting psav.
performance in many everyday situations slows down when age increases.
the causes of slowing down may be found on any stage of information processing.
the paradigm is relatively robust to optical blur and unlikely affected by motor dysfunctions.
strong masking deficits are found from an age of about @number@ years on.
there were no significant differences as regards self-comforting regulation.
results : the study comprised @number@ participants ( aged 30-74 years ) and @number@ bp measurements.
during mean follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ nonfatal and fatal chd events were observed.
design : cross-sectional analysis.
setting : women's health and aging studies ii ( whas-ii ) , baltimore , maryland.
participants and measurements : the analytic sample for this study included @number@ women aged 76-86 years old who underwent dxa evaluation at round @number@
frailty was determined using validated screening criteria.
results : mean age of study subjects was @number@ ( ±2.7 ) years.
overall prevalence of frailty was @percent@ ( n = 17 ) .
almost sixteen percent ( n = 39 ) had severe osteopenia / osteoporosis concomitant to sarcopenia.
at baseline , @number@ participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , @number@ returned for the first and @number@ for the second follow-up.
individual variations were present in initial wmh volume but not in wmh volume progression.
frontal deep wmh volume was greater in hypertensive participants , whereas lower education was associated with greater posterior deep wmh volume.
telomeres are nucleo-protein complexes at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes.
they shorten each time a somatic cell replicates and this shortening is modulated by the effects of oxidative stress.
previous studies have associated telomere length with a number of age-related outcomes and it is hypothesized to be a quantitative indicator of aging.
telomeres were significantly longer in males than females ( p < @number@ ) .
telomere length was not associated with any of the other measured cognitive , physical , or social traits.
in conclusion we find little evidence that telomere length is a significant biomarker of normal aging in important cognitive and physical domains.
there is a high mortality rate in patients admitted to hospitals acutely from care homes.
nearly @percent@ of these deaths occurred within 24h of admission indicating a high level of less appropriate admissions.
results : serum lycopene increased in a dose-dependent manner after 8-week supplementation ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : an increase in serum lycopene after supplementation can reduce oxidative stress which may play a role in endothelial function.
sunlight includes infrared light photons , visible light and ultraviolet light ( uvl ) photons.
uvl is the main cause of skin cancer and photo-aging.
it is absorbed by chromophores in the skin , such as melanin , dna , rna , proteins , lipids and aromatic amino acids.
the absorption of uvl results in photochemical reactions involving reactive oxygen species ( ros ) with consequent damages to the skin.
uvl , through different photochemical modifications forming cyclobutane dimmers , produce mutations to cell phenomenon called neoplasic transformation.
the protection of the skin against sunlight is the main action to prevent skin cancer and photo-aging.
photo-protection is an effective method for preventing skin damage and its consequences.
background : rhinoviruses ( rv ) are key triggers in acute asthma exacerbations.
previous studies suggest that men suffer from infectious diseases more frequently and with greater severity than women.
additionally , the immune response to most infections and vaccinations decreases with age.
cells were cultured with rhinovirus @number@ at a multiplicity of infection of @number@
there was no sex or age based difference in rhinovirus induced ip-10 expression.
both ifnγ and il-13 were negatively correlated with age in women but not in men.
our findings highlight the importance of gender and age balance in clinical studies and in the development of new treatments and vaccines.
fasting venous blood samples were also obtained.
conclusions : our findings suggest that tooth loss is associated with cognitive function.
the p53 tumor suppressor protein has achieved stardom in molecular oncology owing to frequent inactivation in a large range of cancers.
we propose that interactions between p53 and its isoforms δ40p53 or δ133p53 play critical roles in intracellular signaling by reactive oxygen species.
we also discuss evidence that p53 controls energy production by repressing glycolysis and enhancing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
to curb the accumulation of damaged mitochondria , the cell has elaborated a number of mitochondrial quality control processes.
in mammals seven sirtuin genes - sirt1 to sirt7 - have been identified.
small sample size of genetic data is often a limiting factor for desirable accuracy of estimated genetic effects on age-specific risks and survival.
our simulation studies show substantial increase in the accuracy of estimates in such joint analyses compared to analyses based on genetic subsample alone.
elderly people , those above @number@ or @number@ years old differ from younger people in many ways.
the elderly are prone to suffer more diseases than the young.
it is important that the elderly should use water soluble and not lipid soluble drugs.
there are many more to write about the elderly.
we have tried to be brief in order to show the importance of using nuclear medicine in gerontology.
context : timing of menopause is largely influenced by genetic factors.
design : we conducted a cross-sectional association study.
setting and participants : we studied a population-based sample of @number@ dutch women with natural menopause.
main outcome measure : we measured age at natural menopause.
parous rs2002555 g / g carriers had menopause @number@ yr later compared with a / a carriers ( p = @number@ ) .
additionally , rs6521896 in bmp15 was associated with later menopause ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
variants in the amh , foxl2 , and gdf9 genes were not associated with timing of menopause.
conclusions : the present study confirms an earlier finding that variation in the amhr2 gene modifies the relation between parity and age at natural menopause.
neurological disorders are becoming increasingly common in developed countries as a result of the aging population.
neuromodulation is emerging as a therapeutic option in these patients.
it has multiple current and emerging indications , and an enormous potential for growth.
this study compared the effects of spontaneous speech and executive function on gait and investigated the effects of single-task gait speed on dual-task costs.
walking while talking significantly reduced gait speed in both groups ; however , only older adults experienced significant cognitive-motor interference during the stroop task.
stride duration variability and gait symmetry were also affected by the speech task in older but not younger adults.
dual-task costs on gait speed were greater in slow-walking older adults than fast walkers.
similar patterns or trends were observed when saturated fat and carbohydrate were dichotomized into high and low as individual macronutrients.
a causal role for copy number variation ( cnv ) in the prion protein gene ( prnp ) in prion dementias is not known.
five of @number@ probands screened showed app duplication , a similar prevalence to app missense mutation.
real-time quantitative pcr and fluorescent microsatellite quantitative pcr were similar individually but are theoretically complementary ; we used illumina arrays as our reference assay.
two of @number@ probands were from an autosomal dominant early onset alzheimer's disease ( familial alzheimer's disease ) pedigree.
one extensive , noncontiguous duplication on chromosome @number@ was consistent with an unbalanced translocation not including the down's syndrome critical region.
seizures were prominent in the other typical app duplications.
a range of imaging , neuropsychological , cerebrospinal fluid , and pathological findings are reported that extend the known phenotype.
app but not prnp duplication is a significant cause of early onset dementia in the uk.
the pros and cons of our screening method are discussed.
one in five older adults in taiwan have been diagnosed with diabetes.
these results imply that preventing the incidence of diabetes-related comorbidities may reduce the deterioration in both levels of and rates of change in physical disability.
melatonin , the neurohormone of the pineal gland , is also produced by various other tissues and cells.
it acts via g protein-coupled receptors expressed in various areas of the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues.
parallel signaling mechanisms lead to cell-specific control and recruitment of downstream factors , including various kinases , transcription factors and ion channels.
additional actions via nuclear receptors and other binding sites are likely.
by virtue of high receptor density in the circadian pacemaker , melatonin is involved in the phasing of circadian rhythms and sleep promotion.
additionally , it exerts effects on peripheral oscillators , including phase coupling of parallel cellular clocks based on alternate use of core oscillator proteins.
newly discovered influences on sirtuins and downstream factors indicate that melatonin has a role in mitochondrial biogenesis.
infections and inflammatory conditions during pregnancy can dysregulate neural development and increase the risk for developing autism and schizophrenia.
more selective changes in regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness were noted in parietal , medial temporal , and frontal areas.
further , because aging especially disrupts frontal functioning , the above noted prospective memory tasks would thus be expected to display the greatest age-related decline.
the available literature confirms this expectation.
these prospective memory tasks tend to show minimal or no age-related decline.
the literature , though sparse with regard to the neuropsychological underpinnings of this kind of prospective memory task , is consistent with the present hypothesis.
introduction : sex differences have been identified in antidepressant treatment ; however , it remains unclear to what extent pharmacokinetics contributes to these differences.
as current antidepressant pharmacotherapy is less than optimal , understanding the role of sex in pharmacokinetics may substantially contribute to a gender-based optimized treatment.
areas covered : an unrestricted pubmed literature search on antidepressant pharmacokinetics and sex was performed.
we also provide an overview of how each antidepressant presents a particular sex-differentiated pharmacokinetic profile.
most antidepressants present to some extent pharmacokinetic sex differences , which often are further accentuated by gonadal hormones.
thus , further systematic and particularly focused research is needed on sex differences in pharmacokinetics.
this paper considers the problem of indoor tanning bed use by teenagers.
we also review and evaluate a decision making process that emergency physicians confront when faced with such a challenging and unusual situation .
obesity currently affects about one-third of the u.s. population , while another one-third is overweight.
the importance of obesity for certain conditions such as heart disease and type @number@ diabetes is well appreciated.
the effects of obesity on the respiratory system have received less attention and are the subject of this article.
hypoxemia is common is obesity and correlates well with frc , as well as with measures of abdominal obesity.
however , obese subjects are usually eucapnic , indicating that hypoventilation is not a common cause of their hypoxemia.
instead , hypoxemia results from ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by closure of dependent airways at frc.
many obese subjects complain of dyspnea either at rest or during exertion , and the dyspnea score also correlates with reductions in frc and erv.
objective : to investigate oxidative stress , hemoglobin percentage and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in various aging groups.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy volunteers of both genders between age group 20-65 years were selected by random method.
determination of hemoglobin percentage was done employing modified cyanide method of dacie and lewis.
the erythrocyte lysis was observed in hypotonic solution of buffered saline at varying concentrations and optical density was measured at @number@ nm.
the extent of lipid peroxidation in form of malondialdehyde was measured by thiobarbituric acid method.
conclusions : supplementation of antioxidants may prevent the oxidative injury in elderly group of subjects.
alterations of these activities may explain the pathological modifications observed in disease.
thirty-two asymptomatic patients were examined using a @number@.0t mri to determine knee cartilage t1 rho values.
femorotibial and patella cartilage was defined as weight-bearing cartilage ( wb-c ) and non-weight-bearing cartilage ( nwb-c ) , respectively.
the femoral cartilage was divided into weight-bearing ( wb-p ) and less-weight-bearing ( lwb-p ) portions.
pearson's correlation coefficient and single regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between cartilage t1 rho values and age.
the slopes of the regression lines of cartilage t1 rho values and age were compared between wb-c and nwb-c and between wb-p and lwb-p.
cartilage t1 rho values correlated positively with aging for all cartilage regions and all age groups ( p < 0.001 ) .
for several cartilage regions , this increase was greater for wb-c than for lwb-c ( p < 0.05 ) .
another factor to consider is the changing age structure of the population.
thus , there is a need for evaluation of cardiac status of the elderly population.
methods : the resting electrocardiogram ( ecg ) permits us to suspect or diagnose a large number of cardiac disorders.
all these subjects were screened for prevalence of various ecg abnormalities in relation to age by recording resting 12-lead electrocardiogram.
ecgs were coded and classified as abnormal , according to the minnesota code system.
results : this study has outlined the overall relationship between the electrocardiographic abnormalities and advancing age.
conclusions : in summary , the ecg in apparently healthy asymptomatic subjects identifies subgroups at high risk of cardiovascular diseases.
background : human homeostasis is time related.
environmental physical factors also play a role.
recent studies published by the national academy of sciences ( usa ) describe human longevity links with the month of birth.
methods : a total of @number@ ( @number@ men ) subjects were included in the study.
patients treated with pci for ami in the years @number@ to @date@ were studied.
a total of @number@ patients were finally studied ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
results : the average monthly birth number was 306±60.38.
significant monthly differences in birth number ( q2 = 21.077 , p < 0.03 ) were observed.
a higher birth rate in the first four months of the year was revealed , with the exception of february.
the number of births in these months exceeded the following two four-month data ( q2 = @time@ , p < 0.024 ) .
march births exceeded the monthly average by more than two standard deviations ( sd ) - @number@ with an analogical increase for both genders.
in may-december births were below average.
possible implications on pathogenetic clues of atherothrombosis can be assumed.
pregnancy-associated plasma protein a ( papp-a ) is a biomarker routinely used in screening for down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy.
it is also present in very small amounts in men and non-pregnant women.
papp-a is associated with renal function and proteinuria , is increased mainly in dialysis patients and decreases after kidney transplantation.
it is an independent mortality predictor of hemodialysis patients and indicator of adverse outcome of transplanted patients.
papp-a levels can be influenced by various chemicals and drugs , among them mainly heparin.
various assays for papp-a exist and the type of assay used in a study should be considered.
this article reviews the data summarizing basic information about papp-a with a particular focus on the significance of papp-a in renal diseases.
the tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking , a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking.
this trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct.
we identified a genome-wide significant association between the excitement-seeking scale and rs7600563 ( p = 2 × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
the results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking , and are relevant to hyperactivity , substance use , antisocial and bipolar disorders.
younger adults with anxiety disorders are known to show an attentional bias toward negative information.
task-related fmri data were concurrently acquired.
by contrast , gad participants showed pfc decreases during negative words and no differences in amygdalar activity across word types.
across all participants , greater attentional bias toward negative words was correlated with decreased pfc recruitment.
a significant positive correlation between attentional bias and amygdala activation was also present , but this relationship was mediated by pfc activity.
these results are consistent with reduced prefrontal attentional control in late-life gad.
strategies to enhance top-down attentional control may be particularly relevant in late-life gad treatment.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , a progressive neurodegenerative disorder , is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly.
a recent positron emission tomography imaging study demonstrated upregulated brain arachidonic acid ( aa ) metabolism in ad patients.
these observations led us to hypothesize that there is an upregulation of aa cascade and neuroinflammatory markers in the brain of ad patients.
calcium-independent ipla ( @number@ ) -via and cytosolic pge ( @number@ ) synthase were decreased.
in addition , interleukin-1β , tumor necrosis factor-α , glial fibrillary acidic protein and cd11b were increased.
ad postmortem brain also showed signs of cellular injury , including decreased synaptophysin and drebrin , pre- and postsynaptic markers.
these results indicate that increased aa cascade and inflammatory markers could contribute to ad pathology.
altered brain aa cascade enzymes could be considered therapeutic targets for future drug development.
major depression affects multiple physiologic systems.
therefore , analysis of signals that reflect integrated function may be useful in probing dynamical changes in this syndrome.
we analyzed hr time series , a neuroautonomically regulated signal , during sleep , using the multiscale entropy method.
these findings raise the possibility of using the complexity of physiologic signals as the basis of novel dynamical biomarkers of depression.
consistent with this observation , significant hypoacetylation of h3k9k14 was detected in young subjects with schizophrenia when compared with age-matched controls.
our results demonstrate that gene expression changes associated with psychiatric disease and aging result from epigenetic mechanisms involving histone acetylation.
we further find that treatment with a histone deacetylase ( hdac ) inhibitor alters the expression of several candidate genes for schizophrenia in mouse brain.
these findings may have therapeutic implications for the clinical use of hdac inhibitors in psychiatric disorders.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is considered as a transition phase between normal aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we sought to determine the serum metabolomic profiles associated with progression to and diagnosis of ad in a prospective study.
among the mci subjects , @number@ progressed to ad in the follow-up.
comprehensive metabolomics approach was applied to analyze baseline serum samples and to associate the metabolite profiles with the diagnosis at baseline and in the follow-up.
at baseline , ad patients were characterized by diminished ether phospholipids , phosphatidylcholines , sphingomyelins and sterols.
a molecular signature comprising three metabolites was identified , which was predictive of progression to ad in the follow-up.
this was supported by the pathway analysis of metabolomics data , which identified upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway in patients who later progressed to ad.
together , our findings primarily implicate hypoxia , oxidative stress , as well as membrane lipid remodeling in progression to ad.
establishment of pathogenic relevance of predictive biomarkers such as ours may not only facilitate early diagnosis , but may also help identify new therapeutic avenues.
previously unacceptable living or deceased kidneys are now successfully transplanted after being repaired with microsurgical techniques at bench.
the rate of donors over @number@ years of age has increased from @percent@ in the period of 1983-1995 to @percent@ in the last @number@ years.
perhaps the practice of dual transplant should be revisited and reserved to very old and ecd-donors.
an open subcostal mini-incision ( mini ) has been utilized in @number@ living donors since @number@
this technique offers the same advantages of hand assisted videolaparoscopic technique , no disadvantages , and no major complications.
the most predominant pattern in the entire study population was type i ( @percent@ ) .
clinical phenotype of individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia @number@ ( sca2 ) is characterised by cerebellar ataxia and cognitive impairment.
the individual clinically showed parkinsonism as a predominant phenotype instead of cerebellar ataxia.
besides the classic sca2 neuropathologic alterations , lewy bodies and lewy neurites were present in the brainstem nuclei.
genetic analysis revealed shorter abnormal expansion of cag repeats ( less than @number@ ) .
in contrast , the authors could not find α-synuclein pathology in two sca2 cases without parkinsonism.
mr k is an 89-year-old married man with a number of comorbid conditions and multiple recent falls.
the impact team met with mr k and his wife for a @number@ h interprofessional assessment.
a comprehensive care plan was developed including specific recommendations for implementing change.
after the visit to the impact clinic , mr k's care was returned to his regular family physician.
bones are the foundation of our bodies ; without healthy bones , we can become vulnerable to poor overall health.
people with hiv are susceptible to bone loss , and to a condition called osteoporosis that may lead to fractures.
aging , antiretroviral drugs , traditional bone loss risk factors , and lifestyle all contribute to bone deterioration in the setting of hiv.
it was found that periodontal recesses mikrobiocenosis of patients with cgp of various ages was mainly presented by conditionally pathogenic bacterial and fungal microflora.
local anti-inflammatory therapy of chronic periodontitis does not restore normal immunity status.
appearance of antibodies to hsp plays a role in immune reactions , which maintain chronic inflammation of periodontium.
given are the rational combinations of medical drugs to be used when single-drug therapy is not effective enough.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic processes in women with diabetes mellitus type @number@ of different age groups.
in addition , hydroperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids formation leads to necrosis and apoptosis.
this article presents the data about state of health and immunity in veterans of extra risk divisions.
some of immunological changes are apparently a consequence of joined actions of radiating and not radiating factors.
among the last ones stress plays the essential role.
the important role of such changes in morbidity of veterans of extra risk divisions is shown.
the problem of comorbidity and multimorbidity in geriatrics is the most actual and required today.
we found correlation between expression aif and cgrp at pineal gland , but the correlation at thymus wasn't found.
it is possible that pineal gland can express unidentified signal molecule controlling the expression of aif and cgrp.
the following parameters are proposed to estimate in survival curves analysis : median life span , hill slope , expected maximal life span.
those estimates enable to classify geroprotectors as weak , moderate and strong.
concepts of health and homeostasis are discussed and their connection to longevity is analyzed.
homeostasis is one of cardinal properties of the organism , which arises in evolution basing on mechanisms maintaining stationarity.
health represents the organisms ' ability to sustain homeostasis and return to it after action of external disturbances.
maintaining the health of a human determines longevity.
the factors affecting the health , aging and longevity are discussed.
potential reserves of longevity are estimated and possible ways to achieve them are provided.
the review told that decrease of expression of heat shock proteins can be one of the main causes of aging.
one of the ways to repair the expression of heat shock proteins is using short peptides.
menopause is a sign of aging in the woman.
loss of ovarian function induces a reduction in resting metabolic rate , physical energy expenditure , fat-free mass and abdominal adipose tissue accumulation.
location of adipose tissue deposit in abdominal region plays an important role in occurrence of hyperlipidemia , diabetes , hypertension and atherosclerosis.
they were workers in state and federal establishments in ibadan north local government area of oyo state , nigeria.
eep consisted of a 10-station circuit of cardiovascular endurance , flexibility , coordination , abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercises.
data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
mean age of participants was @number@.3±4.1 years , @percent@ c.i ( @number@.64-52.88 ) years.
participation in endurance exercise program is essential for perimenopausal and postmenopausal nigerian women for improved central and abdominal adiposity as well as flexibility.
twenty-one children in the 4th grade volunteered to participate in the experimental ( n = @number@ ) or control ( n = @number@ ) group.
ten 30-min music sessions occurred in which participants engaged in singing , structured conversation , moving to music , and instrument playing interventions.
standardized measures revealed that children's attitudes towards older adults improved , though not significantly so , after participation in the intergenerational program.
results revealed that older adults ' attitudes towards children improved significantly after their participation in the intergenerational program.
suggestions for future research , the utility of varied measurement instruments , and implications for practice are discussed.
myocardial ischemia followed by ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) induces irreversible damage to cardiac muscle.
medical treatment that effectively prevents i / r injury would alleviate the consequent development of cardiac remodeling and failure.
sirtuins are a group of molecules involved in longevity and stress resistance.
here , we discuss the cardioprotective effects of sirt1 and possible underlying mechanisms.
despite their importance for general health , emotion-related factors have rarely been considered in the etiology of late-life insomnia.
these findings indicate that dysfunctional regret regulation plays an important role for sleep disturbances in elderly people.
satisfaction with present life showed the strongest mitigating direct effect on depression.
this study investigated the influence of age on the relationship between work characteristics and workers ' work motivation and job satisfaction.
in total , @number@ workers of a dutch division of a multinational organization participated.
data were collected by a digital questionnaire.
two interaction terms in the regression on work motivation were significant.
so , to remain motivated , older employees seem more in need of intrinsic challenging and fulfilling jobs.
the second significant interaction indicated that the positive association between career opportunities and motivation was much stronger for younger employees than for older employees.
this means that , especially , younger workers ' motivation increases as they are offered more career opportunities.
careful career mentoring by the supervisor as part of an aging policy can contribute to the maintenance of workers of any age.
the results supported the differentiation of rowe and kahn's engagement with life component into caring and productive engagements.
previous studies suggested that older adults are more likely to engage in heuristic decision-making than young adults.
surprisingly , highly educated older adults showed the reversed age pattern-they looked more toward factual cues than did young adults.
this age difference disappeared after controlling for educational level.
additionally , education correlated with attentional pattern to decision-relevant information.
depression in old age significantly decreases the quality of life and may lead to serious consequences , such as suicide.
existing literature indicates that elderly korean immigrants may experience higher levels of depression than other racial ethnic group elders.
the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate factors that influence depression among older korean immigrants in toronto.
results showed that acculturation factors were not associated with depression.
the final regression model explained about @percent@ of variance of depression in the sample.
implications for practice are discussed.
when sirtuin @number@ was less than @number@ pg , the majority of the people had various degrees of tumors or other serious diseases.
when sirtuin @number@ levels were less than @number@ pg bdort units , a high incidence of aids was also detected.
very few people had sirtuin @number@ levels of over @number@ pg bdort units in most parts of the body.
we selected @number@ internationally recognized supercentenarians who lived between 110-122 years old.
to our surprise , most of their body sirtuin @number@ levels were between @date@ pg bdort units.
this measurement of sirtuin @number@ in the hippocampus has become a reliable indicator for detecting potential longevity of an individual.
these species were specifically chosen based on differences in lifestyle and / or biology associated with varied levels of oxidative stress.
rbc deformability was assessed by laser-diffraction analysis using a \ "slit-flow ektacytometer \ ".
these differences in susceptibility are consistent with species-specific discrepancies between observed and allometrically-predicted life spans and are compatible with the oxidant theory of aging.
great effort has been dedicated to mapping the functional architecture of the brain in health and disease.
the neural centers that support cognition and behavior are the \ "hubs \ " defining the salient geographic landmarks of the cerebral topography.
first , the neural substrates of connectivity and techniques used in the study of connectivity are described with a focus on neuroimaging methodologies.
converging evidence from mri and other imaging modalities suggest that this activity has an intrinsic neuronal origin.
multiple consistent networks have been found in large populations , and have been shown to be stable over time.
further , these patterns of functional connectivity have been shown to be altered in healthy controls under various physiological challenges.
teachers and researchers are valuable resources of universities.
a healthy life style includes appropriate utilization of medicines.
in this work we explore health status and medicine consumption among a sample of academic employees over @number@ years of age at a mexican university.
the @number@ item survey was answered from @date@ to @date@ , by @number@ randomly selected academic employees.
a section of the questionnaire was oriented toward health issues.
we analyzed reported illness , self-perception of health status and medicine consumption.
medicinal agents were consumed in the last two weeks by @percent@ of respondents.
others , such as vitamins are frequently utilized.
research and interventions should be directed toward better utilization of medicinal drugs.
anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) is a glycoprotein belonging to the transforming growth factors ( tgf-p ) .
amh plays a fundamental role in the regression of müllerian ducts in male embryo.
in its absence , müllerian ducts develop into female inner reproductive organs.
amh serves as a biochemical marker of the presence of testes in cryptorchidic males.
in females , amh is secreted by granulosa cells of small follicles in the ovary.
serum values are almost undetectable during infancy and then rapidly increase with the onset of puberty , reflecting the initial recruitment of primordial follicles.
amh is produced in growing follicles until they reach a stage when dominant follicle is detached from a cohort of antral follicles.
the measurement of serum amh levels during woman's reproductive life represents an ideal tool for the assessment of the ovarian follicular reserve.
the advantage of amh in relation to the ovarian steroid hormones is that serum levels do not fluctuate significantly during the menstrual cycle.
in addition , circulating amh strongly correlates with antral follicle count ( afc ) , visualized by ultrasound in the follicular phase of the cycle.
this could be of particular interest in subfertile and infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques ( art ) in achieving pregnancy.
found that people with accelerated aging of the respiratory system decreased pulmonary gas exchange response to breathing resistance expiration.
background : personalised medicine involves customising management to meet patients ' needs.
we plotted trend lines , using regression , and confidence intervals for individual patients.
the outputs were reviewed by an expert panel.
results : we successfully extracted and displayed data.
we created a data display that could be readily automated.
this display was well received by our expert panel but requires extensive development before testing in a clinical setting.
conclusions : it is feasible to utilise data visualisation methods developed in biometrics to look at ckd data.
the criteria for defining ' progressive ckd ' need revisiting , as many patients exceed them.
further development work and testing is needed to explore whether this type of data modelling and visualisation might improve patient care.
it examines the pros and cons of mentor programs and characteristics of programs that are more or less effective for achieving specific social goals.
this article reviews several studies in which paintings , complemented by a pedagogical structure , allowed students to observe situations relevant to nursing.
results suggest that the use of visual art in nursing education can add a new dimension to students ' experiences.
median changes in most of these variables were also significantly different from those in the control group.
the emphasis in disaster situations is on preserving life , and this goal is both appropriate and laudable.
these ethical conundrums are not the focus of this article.
moreover , within the already vulnerable nursing home population are many people who are receiving palliative end-of-life services when a disaster strikes.
the purpose of this article is to draw attention to this topic and highlight some of the critical issues , gaps , and opportunities.
finding ways to curtail costs is urgently needed.
attention to glycemic control and metabolic care offers a cost-effective method of treatment to reduce complications.
recent findings : healthcare-related expenses occupy an expanding portion of gross domestic product in the us and are a driver of the deficit.
despite all of this spending , the us receives average marks on outcomes and is not obtaining value in its healthcare.
any movements toward healthcare reform must focus on improving outcomes per healthcare dollar spent , and increasing value.
the affordable care act will place greater emphasis on preventing complications and reducing hospital-acquired infections.
the original leuven trial demonstrated that proper implementation of glycemic control can reduce morbidity and mortality.
more recent studies have shown that there is a cost-benefit to glycemic control as well , through reduction of hospital stay and prevention of complications.
further studies should be completed to delineate the exact amount of cost-savings that can be obtained by proper implementation of glycemic control in the icu.
objectives : to estimate the quantity of informal care associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairment.
design : cross-sectional analysis.
setting : the aging , demographics , and memory study.
cognitive category [ normal , cognitive impairment without dementia ( cind ) , or dementia ] was assigned by a consensus panel.
the hours per week of active help and supervision were ascertained by informant questionnaire.
the presence of irritation ( @number@ additional hours ) was associated with the greatest number of additional hours of active help.
conclusions : neuropsychiatric symptoms among those with cind or dementia are associated with a significant increase in the provision of informal care.
this care represents a significant time commitment for families and a significant economic cost to society.
the hypothesis that β-blockers cause depression has been both confirmed and refuted in previous studies.
however , in hardly any of these studies , depression was systematically and adequately assessed.
between @number@ and @number@ @number@ elderly persons were followed for incident depressions.
depressions were identified by regular interview and continuous monitoring of medical records.
cases were categorized as clinically relevant depressive symptoms or as depressive syndromes , the latter including diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-iv-defined depressive disorders.
pharmacies provided information on filled β-blockers.
nonselective or serotonergic receptor affinity was not associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms or syndromes independent of high lipid solubility.
we conclude that β-blockers in general do not convey an increased risk of depression.
lipophilic β-blockers are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms.
inflammation is an underlying basis for the molecular alterations that link aging and age-related pathological processes.
pge ( @number@ ) treatment induces cellular senescence , as determined by a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining.
notably , pge ( @number@ ) treatment increased the igfbp5 protein level.
while treatment with pge ( @number@ ) antagonists repressed pge ( @number@ ) -induced cellular senescence , increasing intracellular camp accelerated cellular senescence.
down-regulation of igfbp5 inhibited pge ( @number@ ) -induced cellular senescence.
purpose : to clarify the redox states of the aqueous humor and serum in senile cataract patients.
methods : we analyzed the reduced and oxidized albumin fractions in @number@ patients.
analysis was performed with a high-performance liquid chromatographic system with a fluorescence detector.
in this study , we analyzed mitochondrial function in dermal fibroblasts derived from biopsies obtained from healthy young , middle-aged , and old donors.
we also determined proteasome activity in these cells , using a degron-destabilized green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) -based reporter protein.
we found a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in samples from aged donors , accompanied by a significant increase in ros levels.
respiratory activity was not significantly altered with donor age , probably reflecting genetic variation.
we also found intraindividual coregulation of mitochondrial and proteasomal activities in all human fibroblast strains tested , suggesting that both systems are interdependent.
accordingly , pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome led to decreased mitochondrial function , whereas inhibition of mitochondrial function in turn reduced proteasome activity.
protein intake has been directly associated with kidney growth and function in animal and human observational studies.
bf infants did not differ from those receiving the lp formula in any of these parameters.
infants receiving the hp formula had significantly higher serum urea and urea to creatinine ratios than did lp formula and bf infants.
the potential long-term effects of a higher early protein intake on long-term kidney function needs to be determined.
pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) , the leading cause of blindness in the world , remains poorly understood.
this makes it necessary to create animal models for studying amd pathogenesis and to design new therapeutic approaches.
the maintenance of genomic integrity by the ddr has also been found to be involved in the process of organismal ageing.
cisplatin was previously found to induce the atm-dependent phosphorylation of δnp63α in squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) cells.
p-δnp63α protein was further shown to interact with the rpn13 protein leading to a proteasome-dependent degradation of p-δnp63α and thereby protecting lkb1 from the degradation.
human longevity is in part genetically determined , and the insulin / igf-1 signal transduction ( iis ) pathway has consistently been implicated.
we tested whether the \ "offspring \ " carry a lower burden of diabetes risk alleles.
the association between polymorphisms and glucose levels did not differ between controls and offspring ( pinteraction = 0.523 ) .
background : we hypothesized that distinct biological processes might be associated with prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in the different types of breast cancers.
these analyses were performed separately for estrogen receptor ( er ) -positive and er-negative breast cancers.
interaction between gene sets and survival and treatment response by breast cancer subtype was assessed in individual datasets and also in pooled datasets.
statistical significance was estimated with permutation test.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
increased expression of cell cycle-related gene sets was associated with poor prognosis , and b-cell immunity-related gene sets were associated with good prognosis.
in pooled analyses of er-negative cancers , @number@ gene sets were associated with prognosis and @number@ were associated with response.
conclusion : different biological processes were associated with prognosis and chemotherapy response in er-positive and er-negative breast cancers.
serologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis jirovecii.
antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
independent predictors of antibody responses were determined using multivariate tobit regression models.
the results showed that serum antibody responses to p. jirovecii msgc fragments were significantly and independently decreased in current smokers.
these results were specific to p. jirovecii and did not correlate with adenovirus.
antibody responses to rsv were in the inverse direction.
thus , current smoking was independently associated with decreased p. jirovecii antibody responses.
learning and memory processes critically involve the orchestrated regulation of de novo protein synthesis.
on the other hand it has become clear that regulated protein degradation also plays a major role in neuronal plasticity and learning behavior.
one of the key pathways mediating protein degradation is proteosomal protein destruction.
the anaphase-promoting complex / cyclosome ( apc / c ) is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for proteosomal degradation by the 26s proteasome.
in our experimental setting loss of apc2 form principle forebrain neurons did not affect the course of pathology in an alzheimer's disease mouse model.
in conclusion , our data provides genetic evidence that apc / c activity in the adult forebrain is required for cognitive function.
the alzheimer bace1 enzyme cleaves numerous substrates , with largely unknown physiological consequences.
we have previously identified the contribution of elevated bace1 activity to voltage-gated sodium channel na ( v ) 1.1 density and neuronal function.
here , we analyzed physiological changes in sodium channel metabolism in bace1-null mice.
next , we analyzed sodium channel α-subunit levels in brains of bace1-null mice at @number@ and @number@ months of age.
interestingly , levels of na ( v ) 1.2 and na ( v ) 1.6 α-subunits also decreased in 1-month-old bace1-null mice.
in the hippocampus of bace1-null mice , we found a robust @percent@ decrease of na ( v ) 1.1 levels.
next , we performed surface biotinylation studies in acutely dissociated hippocampal slices from bace1-null mice.
together , our data show that endogenous bace1 activity regulates total and surface levels of voltage-gated sodium channels in mouse brains.
both decreased na ( v ) 1.1 and elevated surface na ( v ) 1. @date@ result in a seizure phenotype.
older adults recall less episodically rich autobiographical memories ( am ) , however , the neural basis of this effect is not clear.
using functional mri , we examined the effects of age during search and elaboration phases of am retrieval.
second , there was an age-related reduction in the modulation of top-down coupling of the vlpfc on the hippocampus for episodically rich ams.
mtrs were computed for @number@ areas in each hemisphere.
we found a bilateral mtr decrease in the temporal , cingulate , parietal , and prefrontal areas.
the pattern of dswm changed with the age of ad onset.
in early onset patients , we found bilateral posterior demyelination spreading to the temporal areas in the left hemisphere.
the late onset patients showed a distributed bilateral pattern with the temporal and cingulate areas strongly affected.
a correlation with mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , lexis , and memory tests revealed the dswm impact on cognition.
a specific landscape of dswm in early ad shows the potential of mtr imaging as an in vivo biomarker superior to currently used techniques.
myocardial aging is characterized by left ventricular ( lv ) fibrosis leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction.
accordingly , we characterized the relationship of plasma cnp with lv fibrosis and function in 2- , 11- , and 20-month-old male fischer rats.
further in vitro , we established the antiproliferative actions of cnp and the participation of the clearance receptor using adult human cardiac fibroblasts.
together , these studies provide new insights into myocardial aging and the relationship to the antifibrotic and antiproliferative peptide cnp.
objective : to determine the effect of acculturation on becoming frail and prefrail over a 10-year period among older mexican americans.
method : a nationally representative sample of @number@ mexican americans aged @number@ to @number@ was analyzed.
frequent contact with anglos was significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of becoming frail ( relative risk = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
discussion : among older mexican americans , acculturation at baseline was protective of transitioning from a nonfrail or prefrail to a frail state.
these findings suggest that increased acculturation may provide mexican americans with protection from health issues in old age.
objectives : sleep disturbance is a common comorbidity of chronic pain.
inflammatory processes are dysregulated in sleep disturbance and also contribute to pain sensitivity.
thus , inflammation may play an important role in bidirectional associations between pain and sleep.
little is known about concurrent relationships among chronic pain , sleep , and inflammation.
the next morning , participants reported their sleep quality the previous night and their current experience of morning pain.
results : individuals with clbp had more sleep disturbance than controls.
unlike clbp participants , controls showed normal , age-related increases in il-6 levels , whereas sleep quality was unrelated to il-6 levels.
depressive symptoms could not fully explain the observed associations.
discussion : inflammatory processes may play a significant role in the cycles of pain and sleep disturbance.
clinical interventions that improve sleep and reduce concomitant inflammatory dysregulation hold promise for chronic pain management.
in this study , particular attention is paid on the description of microstructure changes during the aging process.
to take into account the effect of basic multicellular units ( bmus ) , a set of computational algorithms has been developed.
combining these algorithms with the finite-element method ( fem ) , the microstructure of vertebral bone has been predicted for up to @number@ simulated years.
moreover , biomechanical material properties have been monitored to investigate the changes of vertebral bone with age.
this study shows that the simulation based on bmu activities has the potential to define and predict the morphological evolution of the vertebral body.
this study included @number@ lebanese adolescent ( @number@ ± @number@ years old ) boys.
body composition and bone mineral density ( bmd ) were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) .
bmad values of the wb , l2-l4 , fn and @date@ radius were calculated.
physical activity and dci were assessed using questionnaires.
age was positively related to wb , l2-l4 and @date@ radius bmd and bmad.
weight , lean mass and bmi were positively related to wb , l2-l4 , fn and @date@ radius bmd.
the xrcc3 met / met genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of death among all patients and men in uni- and multivariate analyses.
the risk was higher for adenocarcinoma patients possessing the xrcc3 met / met or xrcc1 gln / gln genotypes , although their frequency was small.
the xrcc1 399gln allele was also associated with poor prognosis in stage ii-iiia and among older individuals.
younger cases and ever smokers smoking less than median pack-years showed significantly increased risk of death associated with the xpa -4a allele.
therefore , our results indicate that selected genetic polymorphisms in dna repair genes may influence overall survival in resected nsclc.
the rate of increase of longevity has varied considerably across u.s. states since @number@
we examine the effects of three different measures of the quality of medical care.
the first is the average quality of diagnostic imaging procedures , defined as the fraction of procedures that are advanced procedures.
the second is the average quality of practicing physicians , defined as the fraction of physicians that were trained at top-ranked medical schools.
the third is the mean vintage ( fda approval year ) of outpatient and inpatient prescription drugs.
states with larger increases in the quality of diagnostic procedures , drugs , and physicians did not have larger increases in per capita medical expenditure.
we perform several tests of the robustness of the life expectancy model.
controlling for the adoption of an important nonmedical innovation also has little influence on the estimated effects of medical innovation adoption on life expectancy.
background : global genomic hypomethylation is a common epigenetic event in cancer that mostly results from hypomethylation of repetitive dna elements.
case-control studies have associated blood leukocyte dna hypomethylation with several cancers.
because samples in case-control studies are collected after disease development , whether dna hypomethylation is causal or just associated with cancer development is still unclear.
dna methylation was measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing.
results : individuals with low line-1 methylation ( < median ) had a @number@.0-fold ( 95%ci @number@.3-6.9 ) increased incidence of all cancers combined.
line-1 and alu methylation were not significantly associated with cancer prevalence at baseline ( all cancers combined ) .
however , individuals with low line-1 methylation ( < median ) had a @number@.2-fold ( @percent@ ci @number@.4-7.5 ) higher prevalence of lung cancer.
conclusion : these findings suggest that individuals with lower repetitive element methylation are at high risk of developing and dying from cancer.
aging is associated with decreased skeletal muscle function.
increased levels of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) in skeletal muscle tissue are observed with advancing age and in diabetes.
although serum age level is negatively associated with grip strength in elderly people , it is unknown whether this association is present in adult males.
to determine the relationship between age accumulation in tissue and muscle strength and power among japanese adult men.
a long-term prospective study is required to clarify the causality.
this article is a theoretical study which aims to articulate the notion of narrative identity in the process of aging.
it has in ageing a more heterogeneous clinical presentation.
the manic episodes are less severe , mixed depression is common , as well as confusion and cognitive impairment.
a first manic episode in ageing can be secondary to medical illness.
treatment for bipolar disorder in ageing is similar to treatment for young patients.
there are some little studies that show lamotrigine efficacy in bipolar depression in elderly.
we need more specific studies about bipolar disorder treatment in aging.
mild cognitive impairment is a syndrome that appears to capture a group of individuals in a transitional state between normal aging and dementia.
patients with mild cognitive impairment have a higher risk of progression to dementia.
there are different subtypes of mild cognitive impairment taking in consideration the cognitive domains that are affected , being the amnestic subtype the most common.
this review examines the publications that explored the utility and efficacy of cognitive intervention in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
this is the fourth demographic report for the uk , providing an overview of the latest statistics on the population.
this year's article compares the uk with other european countries and a range of nations from around the world.
statistical comparisons are made for fertility , mortality , ageing , migration and population density.
around one in ten residents of the uk are foreign born , a lower proportion than many developed countries.
uk population density has increased steadily and is the fourth highest in the eu.
in the 1960s , legislation was passed in japan that implemented emergency medical services , and emergency hospitals were designated by the government.
the japanese association for acute medicine ( jaam ) , an academic society for emergency physicians , was founded in @number@
in its pioneering days , this association focused mostly on trauma / burn care and also influenced policymaking.
in @number@ the government built emergency medical service centers ( the icu-type model ) and reorganized all emergency medical facilities into three levels.
the jaam established a committee to promote the er-type model of em in @number@
by @number@ more than @number@ jaam-affiliated hospitals had implemented this type of em.
homeostatic disinhibition may be the major mechanism that activates cognitive reserve.
modulating neuronal activity may therefore be a viable therapeutic strategy in ad that can complement existing anti-amyloid strategies.
specifically , enhancing endogenous glutamatergic synaptic transmission through increased co-agonist signaling or through positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamatergic receptors appears as an attractive strategy.
alternatively , further reduction of gabaergic signaling may work as well , although care has to be taken to prevent epileptic seizures.
these cases had no known clinical history of dementia.
such findings may have implications for the clinical management of the individual patient.
reactive carbonyl species ( rcs ) have been widely used as indicators of oxidative stress.
however , the associations of carbonyl stress with aging process and biochemical alteration of erythrocyte are still poorly understood.
results showed that the plasma thiols concentration decreased gradually during aging process , and the p-values between all three groups are less than @number@
the plasma rcs concentration in different age groups showed a nonlinear association with age.
the protein carbonylation of erythrocyte membrane was positively correlated with plasma rcs concentration ( p < @number@ ) , but not plasma thiols concentration.
background : non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are used commonly to treat osteoarthritis in older patients.
method : semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ patients who were recruited from four general practices located in sydney , australia.
patients were aged at least @number@ years and were currently taking , or in the past @number@ years had taken , an nsaid for osteoarthritis.
emergent themes were identified from the transcripts and were compared within and across transcripts to develop more abstract concepts.
previous research suggests that older adults suffer declines in producing accurate spellings but retain the ability to accurately detect misspellings.
we investigated adult age-differences in timing control of fast vs. slow repetitive movements using a dual-task approach.
single-task timing was comparable in both groups.
dual-task timing was characterized by shortening of produced intervals and increases in drift and variability.
dual-task costs for both cognitive and timing performances were pronounced at slower tapping tempos , an effect exacerbated in older adults.
our findings implicate attention and working memory processes as critical components of slow movement timing and sources of specific challenges thereof for older adults.
tracking a digital pursuit rotor task was used to measure dual task costs of language production by young and older adults.
when dual task demands were moderate , older adults ' speech rate declined but their fluency , grammatical complexity , and content were unaffected.
participants were @number@ adults aged about @number@ years in the lothian birth cohort @number@ study , on whom there are iq data from age @number@
there was no significant association with processing speed or memory performance.
after adjusting for childhood iq and social class in general linear models , associations with age @number@ iq and g factor were nonsignificant or attenuated.
although age-related deficits in emotion recognition have been widely explored , the nature and scope of these deficits remain poorly understood.
our results suggest that age-related cognitive decline exacerbates older adults ' deficits in detecting anger , but only from static faces.
furthermore , older adults do not show emotion recognition deficits when evaluating global emotions from dynamic images of faces.
efficient navigation of our social world depends on the generation , interpretation , and combination of social signals within different sensory systems.
however , the influence of healthy adult aging on multisensory integration of emotional stimuli remains poorly explored.
this article comprises @number@ studies that directly address issues of age differences on cross-modal emotional matching and explicit identification.
the findings are discussed in relation to social , emotional , and cognitive changes with age.
background : there is limited research examining the relative importance of aspects of quality of life ( qol ) to older adults across cultures.
design : a survey quota sampling design was used to collect cross-cultural data.
this study reports a secondary analysis of whoqol-old pilot study , which was collected simultaneously in @number@ centres.
results : there were significant differences in the importance given to various aspects of qol for people living in medium and high-development countries.
culture explained @percent@ of the variance in the importance ratings of qol.
however , the interaction showed that cultural differences were reduced once health status , gender and age were taken into account.
the importance of qol to age bands in different cultures was not significantly affected by whether or not participants perceived themselves to be healthy.
information concerning maternal time spent in various interactive caregiving activities was collected when infants were @number@ months old.
these findings contribute to the understanding of the influence of maternal ec , directly and through caregiving , on toddler ec.
additional implications as they are related to early developing regulatory aspects of temperament are discussed.
the study assessed disability using the activities of daily living ( adl ) .
the interpolation of markov chain method was used to estimate gender differences in tle , dle , and dfle.
findings : tle at age @number@ years was approximately @number@ years longer for women than men.
women aged @number@ years were expected to live @percent@ of their remaining lives-twice the percentage for men-with at least one adl disability.
in terms of personal care assistance , women received more years of assistance than men.
conclusion : among older adults in são paulo , women lived longer lives but experienced a higher and more severe disability burden than men.
in addition , although women received more years of personal assistance than men , women experienced more unmet care assistance needs.
background : recent research has linked overall dietary patterns to survival in older adults.
a secondary goal was to evaluate participants ' quality of life and nutritional status according to their dietary patterns.
design : the health , aging , and body composition study is a prospective cohort study of @number@ older adults.
in this study , all-cause mortality was assessed from baseline through year @number@
the healthy foods cluster also had significantly more years of healthy life and more favorable levels of selected nutritional biomarkers than the other clusters.
inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity are the core symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) .
slowness , although less known , has been also recently reported in children with adhd and may contribute to their learning difficulties.
slow response time and greater response time variability have been highlighted by several computerized tasks.
the children with adhd made more errors than children on the control group.
the response times and the response time variability decreased with age in both groups and were significantly greater in adhd than in controls.
the distractor effect was similar in both groups.
very late stent thrombosis is defined as in-stent thrombosis occurring after @number@ year of an intra-coronary artery stent placement.
drug eluting stents have lately been criticized for increased reports of very late stent thrombosis.
the exact cause of these very late stent thromboses is not clearly understood.
virchow's triad describes the three main factors of thrombus formation to be stasis of blood flow , endothelial injury and hypercoagulability.
the de novo atherosclerotic lesion narrows the vessel lumen and causes stasis of blood flow in the distal stent.
the de novo lesion can also cause myocardial ischemia creating a prothrombotic environment in the stented region.
stasis of blood flow and prothrombotic environment in the stented region can lead to the formation of very late stent thrombosis.
we genotyped rs17070145 and @number@ additional snps in @number@ late onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) patients vs. @number@ controls , including african-americans.
meta-analysis of this allele in > @number@ subjects from our and published series showed a suggestive protective effect ( p = @number@ ) .
analysis of episodic memory in control subjects did not identify associations with rs17070145 , though other snps showed significant associations in @number@ series.
kibra showed evidence of overexpression in the ad temporal cortex ( p = @number@ ) but not cerebellum.
psychometric researches increase in brazil.
bayley infant neurodevelopment screener - bins ( aylward , @number@ ) is a low cost , fast instrument.
in @number@ it classifies children under developmental risk degrees.
this research purpose was investigating bins psychometric properties.
profile was previously registered.
results demonstrated homogeneous characteristics sample.
reliability indexes were over requested standards.
validity evidences based on external variables were positive moderated and bins ( @number@ m ) / bsid-ii ( mental ) presented high correlation.
validity evidences based on content were attested by expertise.
high sensitivity was found.
so , bins can be considered an instrument of adequate psychometric properties , able to screen children under risk , according to psychological association requests.
this longitudinal study examined dyadic and triadic skills in @number@ preterm and @number@ full term infants at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months of age.
in dyadic interaction , infants engaged with a stranger in face-to-face play interrupted by a still-face episode.
in triadic interaction , infants interacted with the adult stranger as she coordinated gaze between the infant and object.
both groups were sensitive for non-contingency in both dyadic and triadic interactions.
there were significant group and developmental differences for dyadic and triadic competencies.
six-month dyadic skills and 9-month triadic competencies were positively related in preterm and full term infants.
aging is a risk factor for heart failure , which is a leading cause of death world-wide.
the poor clinical outcome of aging in cardiovascular disease is recapitulated on the cellular level.
increase in stress exposure and shifts in signaling pathways with age change the biology of cardiomyocytes.
the progressive accumulation of metabolic waste and damaged organelles in cardiomyocytes blocks the intracellular recycling process of autophagy and increases the cell's propensity toward apoptosis.
b lymphocytes are also impaired in the elderly in terms of their response to new antigens.
the segmental premature aging disease hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is caused by a truncated and farnesylated form of lamin a called progerin.
hgps affects mesenchymal lineages , including the skeletal system , dermis , and vascular smooth muscle ( vsmc ) .
to understand the underlying molecular pathology of hgps , we derived induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) from hgps dermal fibroblasts.
the ipscs were differentiated into neural progenitors , endothelial cells , fibroblasts , vsmcs , and mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) .
both hgps-msc and -vsmc viability was compromised by stress and hypoxia in vitro and in vivo ( msc ) .
study design : in a prospective comparative study , we enrolled @number@ infertile women with uterine septum as a sole cause for reproductive failure.
they had had unexplained primary infertility > 2 years and a follow-up > 12 months.
uterine anomalies were diagnosed by means of hysterosalpingography ( hsg ) and 2d-transvaginal sonography ( tvs ) with intrauterine saline infusion.
hysteroscopic septoplasty was performed in the early follicular phase.
pregnancy rates ( pr ) according to patient and septum characteristics ( septum size ) were the main outcome measures.
results : follow-up was complete for @number@ patients.
the mean ( ±sd ) age of the patients was @number@.1±2.1 years.
forty-two patients became pregnant ( @percent@ ) .
the mean ( ±sd ) delay in conception was @number@.5±2.6 months.
nearly @percent@ of the pregnant women conceived spontaneously.
of @number@ pregnancies in @number@ women , @number@ live newborns were delivered.
the pr was significantly higher in women < 35 years of age or with < 3 years of unexplained primary infertility.
women with a septum size larger than one-half of their uterine length have a higher chance of successful pregnancy after hysteroscopic septoplasty.
sorl1 has been identified as a major contributor to late onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
two brain structures , differentially vulnerable to load pathology , were examined in @number@ brain samples from @number@ neurologically normal individuals.
no genetic effect on total-sorl1-mrna levels was detected in the frontal cortex.
however , rs11600875 minor allele was associated with significantly increased levels of exon-2 skipping , but only in frontal cortex.
no correlation of sorl1-mrnas expression was found between frontal and temporal cortexes.
collectively , these indicate the brain region specificity of the genetic regulation of sorl1 expression.
our results suggest that genetic regulation of sorl1 expression plays a role in disease risk and may be responsible for the reported load associations.
further studies to detect the actual pathogenic variant / s are necessary.
our aim was to identify a rat acsl isoenzyme that could be inhibited by vpa in vitro.
acsl4-mediated conversion of aa to aa-coa showed substrate inhibition and had a 10-times higher catalytic efficiency than did conversion of dha to dha-coa.
butyrate , octanoate , or lithium did not inhibit aa activation by acsl4.
for younger adults , however , this pattern was reversed.
the implications of these results for age-related changes in stream segregation are discussed.
it is now established that attention influences working memory ( wm ) at multiple processing stages.
this liaison between attention and wm poses several interesting empirical questions.
notably , does attention impact wm via its influences on early perceptual processing ?
if so , what are the critical factors at play in this attention-perception-wm interaction.
factors that affect attentional control at this stage include cognitive load , task practice , perceptual training , and aging.
these developments highlight the complex and dynamic relationships among perception , attention , and memory.
we examined time trends in the prevalence of cirrhosis and its related complications , such as hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
patients with hcv who had at least one physician visit in a given calendar year were included in the analysis of prevalence for that year.
results : in this cohort , the number of individuals with hcv increased from @number@ in @number@ to @number@ in @number@
the prevalence of cirrhosis increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
conclusions : the prevalence of cirrhosis and hcc in hcv-infected patients has increased significantly over the past @number@ years.
an aging cohort of patients with hcv could partly explain our findings.
clinicians and health care systems should develop strategies to provide timely and effective care to this high-risk population of patients.
lysine acetylation / deacetylation has been recognized as an important posttranslational modification regulating numerous cellular processes.
sirtuins represent novel players in these complex regulatory circuits.
the development of medical interventions for the preservation of disease-free longevity would be facilitated by markers that predict healthy aging.
altered protein n-glycosylation patterns have been found with increasing age and several disease states.
here we investigate whether glycans derived from the total glycoprotein pool in plasma mark familial longevity and distinguish healthy from unhealthy aging.
after normalization and batch correction , several regression strategies were applied to evaluate associations between glycan patterns , familial longevity , and healthy aging.
these results were not confounded by the altered lipid status or glucose homeostasis of the offspring.
methods : we recruited @number@ healthy volunteers ( @number@ men ) free of any systemic or cardiovascular disease.
results : normal ranges for lvsisys and lvsidia obtained in this study were slightly higher than previously reported.
the normal aging process did not significantly change lvsisys , whereas lvsidia progressively and consistently increased with age.
on multivariate analysis , an age-dependent increase in lvsidia was confirmed.
conclusions : in this study , we propose age-specific reference ranges for lvsisys and lvsidia.
lvsisys remains stable throughout age groups , whereas lvsidia progressively increases with age.
we believe that the reference values provided here will be useful for defining abnormal lv synchronous contraction and relaxation.
purpose : to determine the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and to investigate their associations in a general adult population in north-western spain.
methods : an age-stratified random sample of @number@ subjects ≥ @number@ years was selected in o salnés ( spain ) .
the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and their relationship with lifestyle factors and ocular and systemic diseases was investigated.
results : the prevalence of pinguecula was @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) : @number@.9-51.9 ) .
the prevalence of pterygium was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.3-7.9 ) .
conclusions : pinguecula is far more common than pterygium.
alcohol consumption is strongly associated with pinguecula.
fluorescein staining is highly prevalent in subjects with pterygium.
both disorders increase with age and are associated with outer activity.
we estimated the odds of mets per 1-s.d. increase in vat and lf , adjusting for key covariates.
in men , vat was related to mets only among the overweight ( or = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
these bmi-specific relationships persisted when both fat depots were included in the model.
importantly , fatty liver may be a novel metabolic risk factor in overweight and obese individuals.
we explore this relationship in a large cohort of otherwise healthy subjects.
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is common among older adults and surgical resection with curative intent is the primary treatment of crc.
despite the changing demographics of crc patients and increasing prevalence of multiple comorbidities , surgery is increasingly performed in this complex aging population.
clinically important short-term outcomes have improved for this population , but little is known about long-term outcomes.
we review the literature to evaluate trends in crc surgery in the geriatric population and the outcomes of surgical treatment.
we explore the specific gaps in understanding longitudinal patient-centered outcomes of crc treatment.
we then propose adaptations from the geriatrics literature to better predict both short and long-term outcomes after crc surgery.
these models were replicated for ad patients ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) in the 2nd predictors study cohort ( 1997-2007 ) .
model validation required that the disease-specific transition parameters be identical for both predictors study cohorts.
medicare costs were estimated from the national long term care survey.
conclusions : ad progression is characterized by a small number of parameters governing changes in large numbers of correlated indicators of ad severity.
the analysis confirmed that the progression of ad represents a complex multidimensional physiological process that is similar across different study cohorts.
the estimates suggested that there could be large cost offsets to medicare and medicaid from the slowing of ad progression among patients with mild ad.
the methodology appears generally applicable in ad modeling.
objective : this study identifies fall risk factors in an understudied population of older people who receive community-based care services.
methods : participants performed repeated pairs of key-presses on a piano-type keyboard as well as key-presses that conflicted with that prepotent pair.
we used motion capture to assess cognitive and motor contributions to conflicting responses presented once , twice , or three times within single trials.
results : older adults performed the first conflicting response in a series as well as young adults but at a cost to prepotent response performance.
younger adults improved performance with increased conflict frequency , whereas older adults did not.
older adults spent less time planning and more time executing their conflicting responses , with the opposite pattern in younger adults.
discussion : overall , increasing the frequency of conflicting response presentation was detrimental to older but not to younger adults ' prepotent response performance.
in addition , the results indicate an age-related decline in conflict adaptation.
the results are discussed in terms of current models of cognitive control.
furthermore , the genetic amenability of drosophila makes it an advantageous model species.
dti was performed on @number@ subjects ( age : 10-52 years ) .
decreased mean diffusivity with age was observed in gm and wm irrespective of gender.
this normative data may be valuable in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
objective : to assess heart failure prevalence , epidemiology , co-morbidities and polypharmacy in our region from electronic patient records.
to evaluate gender differences in heart failure patients.
design : descriptive , cross-sectional study.
setting : primary care lleida ( spain ) .
participants : all patients from @number@ primary care centers with the diagnosis of heart failure in medical records were included.
main outcome measurements : demographic data , comorbidities and therapeutical subgroups in patients with a diagnosis of heart failure in their clinical record.
hypertension , hyperlipidemia and obesity were more frequent in women , copd , ischemic heart disease and renal failure in men.
there were no differences in diabetes , stroke and atrial fibrillation.
patients were prescribed a median of @number@ different therapeutic subgroups ( p25 = 6 and p75 = 11 ) .
conclusions : heart failure patients in primary care are elderly , with significant co-morbidities and treated with a high number of drugs.
gender differences exist in cardiovascular risk factors , co-morbidities , and also in therapy.
background / objectives : slowing of motor performance in human aging is a well demonstrated clinical observation.
information on the influence of gender in motor performance is less well-established.
the results of all the motor tests performed were inversely correlated with age.
conclusion : our results confirm in a large series of healthy subjects that basic motor performance deteriorates with age and is influenced by gender.
estimates of @number@ day postoperative mortality were calculated according to projected demographic data.
financial estimates were calculated according to current cost and adjusted according to projected inflation.
it is clear that with chronological aging both oocyte quantity ( ultimately leading to menopause ) and quality ( pregnancy potential ) decline.
background : behavioral studies consistently reported an increased preference for positive experiences in older adults.
the socio-emotional selectivity theory explains this positivity effect with a motivated goal shift in emotion regulation , which probably depends on available cognitive resources.
the present study investigates the neurobiological mechanism underlying this hypothesis.
we focused our analyses on the anterior cingulate cortex as a key structure of cognitive control of emotion.
results : elderly subjects showed a specifically increased distractibility by happy faces when more attentional resources were available for face processing.
this effect was paralleled by an increased engagement of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex , and this frontal engagement was significantly correlated with emotional stability.
conclusions : the current study highlights how the brain might mediate the tendency to preferentially engage in positive information processing in healthy aging.
the finding of a resource-dependency of this positivity effect suggests demanding self-regulating processes that are related to emotional well-being.
these findings are of particular relevance regarding implications for the understanding , treatment , and prevention of nonsuccessful aging like highly prevalent late-life depression.
purpose : to assess and compare the morphologic changes in the anterior segment in eyes with nuclear or cortical age-related cataract using scheimpflug imaging.
setting : peking university people's hospital , beijing , china.
design : case-control study.
methods : patients with nuclear or cortical age-related cataract were recruited.
the grade of nuclear opalescence or cortical opacity was assessed using the lens opacities classification system iii ( locs iii ) .
a group of elderly subjects with a clear lens and normal vision served as the control group.
results : two hundred sixty-nine patients ( @number@ eyes ) were recruited.
thirty eyes were enrolled for each nuclear opalescence and cortical grade.
the control group comprised @number@ eyes ( @number@ subjects ) .
in eyes with age-related cataract , lens thickness increased with an increase in cortical opacity , whereas the acd and acv values decreased.
conclusions : there were significant differences in lens thickness , acd , and acv between nuclear and cortical age-related cataracts.
financial disclosure : no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
significant differences between mci and ad were essentially confined to the corpus callosum.
to date , all studies using the aprosodia battery have yielded statistically robust results.
we found no overall sex effects for comprehension of affective prosody.
results in the brain damaged groups did not support the valence hypothesis of emotional lateralization but did support the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotional lateralization.
when comparing young versus old adults , a robust maturational-aging effect was observed in overall error rates and in the distribution of errors across affects.
secondary dentine is responsible for a decrease in the volume of the dental pulp cavity with aging.
a linear regression model was fit with age as dependent variable and ratio as predictor , allowing for interactions of specific gender or tooth type.
the obtained pulp-tooth volume ratios were the strongest related to age on incisors.
previously one of the major fluorophores of lipofuscin was identified as a bis-retinoid pyridinium salt called a2e , which is known to photochemically cause damage.
in addition to a2e , there are numerous components in rpe lipofuscin that are unidentified.
the contribution of ester formation to the naturally occurring components of lipofuscin was discounted since their fragmentation patterns were different to those found in vivo.
alternatively , reactions with specific aldehydes result in nearly identical products as those found in vivo.
artificial aging of rpe lipofuscin gives a complex mixture of structurally related components.
the majority of these modifications result in compounds that are much more hydrophobic than a2e.
these higher molecular weight materials have increased values of log p compared to a2e.
this increase in hydrophobicity most likely aids in the sequestering of a2e into granules with the concomitant diminution of its reactivity.
therefore , these processes may serve as protective mechanisms for the rpe.
the second method employed a combined thresholding , size and shape analysis using t2 -weighted images augmented with visual information from t1-weighted data.
however , the thresholding method was more observer dependent in identifying microbleeds and ids boundaries than the multispectral approach.
conclusion : both techniques proved to be in agreement and have good intra- and interobserver reliability.
purpose : to clarify age-related structural changes specific to hippocampal volume by hierarchizing according to age , gender , and menopausal status.
in addition , vbm revealed significant hippocampal volume reduction bilaterally in all postmenopausal women compared with all premenopausal women.
conclusion : the results of the current study suggest that the menopause may be associated with hippocampal volume reduction.
purpose : we aimed to explore operational definitions of mixed urinary incontinence ( mui ) for use in incontinence outcomes research for non-surgical patient populations.
various different definitions of mui , ranging from low to high threshold , were created using a combination of these baseline incontinence measures.
prevalence of mui based on each definition was described and compared to treatment response.
logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the study outcomes and the different definitions of mui.
the proportion of women diagnosed with mui varied significantly by definition ranging from @percent@ to @percent@.
low threshold symptom-based definitions resulted in nearly universal diagnosis of mui.
no strict cut-off value for these baseline measures was identified to predict clinical outcomes.
conclusions : current mui definitions do not adequately categorize clinically relevant ui subgroups.
for research purposes we believe it necessary to describe the severity of each incontinence subtype separately in subjects with mui.
although being immortal in principle , stem cells can also undergo aging processes and potentially contribute to organismal aging.
the impact of an age-dependent decline of stem cell function weighs differently in organs with high or low rates of cell turnover.
the mechanisms of stem cell aging and its real contribution to human aging remain to be defined.
many antitumor mechanisms protect potential malignant transformation of stem cell by inducing apoptosis or senescence but simultaneously provoke stem cell aging.
adult neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles.
this process is highly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors , which may control the proliferation and / or maturation of neural progenitor cells.
adult-born neurons are integrated in preexisting networks and may have functional implications for adult brain.
joint morphogenesis involves signaling pathways and growth factors that recur in the adult life with less redundancy to safeguard joint homeostasis.
loss of such homeostasis due to abnormal signaling networks as in aging could lead to diseases such as osteoarthritis.
understanding correlations between aging and its effects on mscs is of the utmost importance to explain how aging happens and unravel the underlying mechanisms.
an important area to explore in biomedical sciences is the role of endogenous stem cell niches in joint homeostasis , remodeling , and disease.
baseline and 1-year mris were registered , and brain , hippocampal , and ventricular volumes and annualized volume changes were calculated.
sample sizes to power presymptomatic clinical trials based on rate of atrophy were calculated.
results : forty of @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as nc-low , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) as nc-high.
baseline aβ1-42 level was strongly correlated with rate of brain atrophy only in the nc-low group ( p < @number@ ) .
brain atrophy may be a feasible outcome measure for ad prevention studies.
pyogenic spondylitis can be life-threatening for elderly patients.
to discuss the characteristics of the disease in the elderly , medical records of @number@ consecutive cases of pyogenic spondylitis were reviewed.
of these , @number@ cases were @number@ years of age or older , and these @number@ cases were enrolled into further study.
the microorganisms were isolated in @number@ cases : staphylococcus aureus in @number@ cases ( including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in nine ) and others in three.
twenty-five patients had associated diseases : diabetes in @number@ patients and malignant tumors in seven.
thirty patients were treated conservatively , and @number@ patients underwent surgery.
twenty-six patients had paralysis.
all @number@ patients treated surgically , and eight of the @number@ patients treated conservatively showed improvement in paralysis.
bone union was achieved in all cases except one.
our results indicate that a good outcome can be expected from conservative treatment in elderly patients as well as the young.
formaldehyde , one of the most toxic organic compounds , is produced and processed in human cells.
abnormally high levels of intrinsic formaldehyde lead to dysfunction in cognition such as learning decline and memory loss.
this cellular response called formaldehyde stress is dependent upon the concentration of formaldehyde.
chronic impairments of the brain resulted from formaldehyde stress could be one of the mechanisms involved in the process of senile dementia during ageing.
other proteins such as brain-associated signal protein @number@ and paralemmin @number@ became less tightly bound in the older regions of the lens.
it is evident that protein-membrane interactions change significantly with age.
prevalence of both metabolic syndrome ( ms ) and hyperuricemia are increasing.
however , findings regarding their relationships are inconsistent.
we aimed to explore correlations between ms and hyperuricemia in a large chinese population , emphasizing the impacts from gender and age.
data analyses were performed in @number@ subjects randomly recruited from tianjin municipality in china.
hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid ( sua ) > 420 μmol / l for men , > 360 μmol / l for women.
ms was diagnosed by the consensus criterion released in @number@ from a joint collaboration between american heart association and other organizations.
ms was also diagnosed by chinese diabetes society ( cds ) criterion.
total hyperuricemic prevalence was @time@ % , with male significantly higher than female.
total ms prevalence by consensus criterion was much higher than by cds criterion ( @percent@ versus @time@ % ) .
correlation coefficients were much greater in women than in men.
sua was significantly positively related with body mass index and waist circumference.
generally , binary logistic regression models disclosed females with high sua were twice likely to suffer from ms than males.
sua and ms were much more closely related in females than in males.
young women with hyperuricemia had the highest risk of ms. background : dyskinesia is a kind of abnormal involuntary movement disorder that increases with age.
tardive dyskinesia ( td ) , a kind of dyskinesia , may develop after long-term antipsychotic treatment.
conclusion : our results indicate that the genotypic variants of drd1 might play a role in the susceptibility of td.
further replication in other countries or other populations is highly expected.
background : in the last decades , many community-based studies have addressed predictors of nursing home placement ( nhp ) among the elderly.
so far , predictors have not been analyzed separately for different age groups.
logistic regression models determined predictors of nhp for total sample and for two different age groups.
a cart analysis identified factors discriminating best between institutionalized and non-institutionalized individuals.
results : of the overall sample , @percent@ of the sample ( n = @number@ ) was institutionalized during the study period.
in the cart analysis , age was the major discriminator at the first level ( at age @number@ ) .
conclusions : predictors of nhp may differ in old age groups.
white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) refer to areas of hyperintense signal on t2- or proton density-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging.
the majority of neuroimaging studies reported an association between older age and lobd and the presence of wmhs in lobd.
this is consistent with the hypothesis of vascular mania.
wmhs could be a reliable biological risk marker for late onset mood disorders.
this study was carried out in a primary care unit and various households , among subjects aging @number@ years or older.
a functionality assessment tool and a visual analogue scale were applied , and social and demographic issues were also considered.
we found a predominance of women in both groups : @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
nearly half of all people with musculoskeletal pain were housewives , and the average age between groups was over @number@
aortic valve stenosis has become increasingly prevalent , in agreement with the aging of the population.
thus , it has become increasingly common to treat asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis.
under this perspective and based on the current literature , this study supplies tools that help to stratify the patients.
background : ageing drug users are a growing population who have problems accessing services and support.
aim : to inform practice , service development and further research on ageing drug users.
method : qualitative interviews with @number@ people aged 49-61 who were in contact with voluntary sector drug treatmentservices.
results : individuals reported mixed experiences of the primary and hospital care they received.
some felt stigmatised by healthcare professionals , but others said their drug use was acknowledged and people were compassionate towards them.
purpose : this study evaluated the adhesive quality of simplified self-adhesive and conventional resin cements to y-tzp in dry and aged conditions.
conditioned ceramics were divided into four groups to receive the resin cements ( panavia f @number@ variolink ii , relyx u100 and maxcem ) .
failure types were then assessed.
the data were analyzed using three-way anova and the tukey's test ( alpha = @number@ ) .
results : significant effects of ceramic conditioning , cement type and storage conditions were observed ( p < @number@ ) .
the groups cleaned using alcohol only showed low bond strength values in dry conditions and the bond strength was reduced dramatically after aging.
groups conditioned using silica coating and silanization showed higher bond strengths both in dry and aged conditions.
a high number of specimens failed prematurely prior to testing when they were cleaned using @percent@ isopropanol.
conclusion : overall , silica coating and silanization showed higher , stable bond strengths with and without aging.
the durability of resin-ceramic adhesion varied , depending on the adhesive cement type.
statement of the problem : the color stability of resin cements plays a major role in the esthetic performance of porcelain laminate veneers.
some dual-polymerizable resin cements used to bond porcelain laminates were shown to undergo color changes during service.
some recently produced cements are described as being color stable , but scientific data are not available.
purpose : the current study evaluated the effect of accelerated aging on the color and opacity of resin cements.
the hypothesis was that the auto-polymerizing cements would show less color and opacity stability.
materials and methods : forty ( @number@ @date@ mm ) feldspathic porcelain disks were prepared and divided into four equal groups.
the measurements were performed before and after aging.
paired t- and one-way anova tests were used to analyze the data ( alpha = @number@ ) .
all of the cements became more opaque , while deltacr ( difference in contrast ratio ) was significantly different ( p = @number@ ) .
the auto-polymerized cement showed an increase in opacity.
conclusions : the studied cements behaved acceptably according to deltae , but they became more opaque after aging.
auto polymerizing cements become more opaque with aging ; therefore , porcelain restorations may lose their match with other teeth.
the children of a multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patient filed a guardian ad litem case to be brought against the patient.
the basis for the petition was that the ms patient had a significant reduction is his mental competence.
the children were not aware that hyperthermia could adversely affect the brain of ms patients.
the patient's urologist recommended he have a suprapubic cystostomy done in a hospital.
passage of the two channel foley catheter into his bladder immediately resolved his urinary tract infection , fever , and difficulty in communicating.
in addition , the guardian ad litem should be an attorney or a registered nurse.
the care of disabled individuals subjected to litigation should be coordinated by an attorney or registered nurse.
background and objective : adoption studies have been used to disentangle the influence of genes from shared familial environment on various traits and disease risks.
the @number@ adoptees alive in @number@ were similarly compared to all danes using smr as well as cause-specific smr.
results : the excess in all-cause mortality before age @number@ years in adoptees was estimated to be @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
significant excess mortality before age @number@ years was also observed for infections , vascular deaths , cancer , alcohol-related deaths and suicide.
conclusion : adoptees have an increased all-cause mortality compared to the general population.
all major specific causes of death contributed , and the highest excess is seen for alcohol-related deaths.
despite extensive research , the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative alzheimer's disease ( ad ) still eludes our comprehension.
this is largely due to complex and dynamic cross-talks that occur among multiple cell types throughout the aging process.
we demonstrate that the inflammatory activation of microglia serves as a key node for progressive neurodegeneration.
our analysis reveals that targeting microglia may hold potential promise in the prevention and treatment of ad.
we have investigated the environmental and lifestyle factors associated with perceived facial ageing in chinese women.
facial photographs were collected from @number@ chinese women , aged 25-70 years in shanghai , china.
perceived facial age was determined and related to chronological age for each participant.
lifestyle and health information was collected by questionnaire.
bivariate analyses ( controlling for chronological age ) identified and quantified lifestyle variables associated with perceived facial age.
independent predictors of perceived age were identified by multivariate modelling.
we have thus identified and quantified a number of factors associated with younger appearance in chinese women.
purpose : how corneal transparency is formed / maintained remains largely unclear.
a group of enzymes which are referred to as enzymatic crystallins were proposed to contribute to corneal transparency in various animals.
this study investigated whether the three classical lens crystallins , namely α- , β- , and γ-crystallins , exist in mouse and human corneas.
methods : mice , human tissues , and cultured corneal cells were studied.
results : qrt-pcr revealed that the relative expression level of lens crystallins in c57bl / 6 corneas were higher than in balb / c corneas.
further , both fetal corneal epithelial cultures and limbal stem cell cultures from adult human tissues were positive for lens crystallin immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry staining.
conclusions : lens crystallins are expressed in mammalian corneas and cultured corneal cells.
the expression levels depended on the animal strains or cell status.
the physiologic and pathological significance of lens crystallins in corneas deserves more investigation.
oxidative exposure of cells occurs naturally and may be associated with cellular damage and dysfunction.
protracted low level oxidative exposure can induce accumulated cell disruption , affecting multiple cellular functions.
accumulated oxidative exposure has also been proposed as one of the potential hallmarks of the physiological / pathophysiological aging process.
we show that minimal protracted oxidative stresses induce complex molecular and physiological alterations in cell functionality.
upon chronic exposure to minimal doses of hydrogen peroxide , sh-sy5y cells displayed a multifactorial response to the stressor.
to fully appreciate the peroxide-mediated cellular effects , we assessed these adaptive effects at the genomic , proteomic and cellular signal processing level.
combined analyses of these multiple levels of investigation revealed a complex cellular adaptive response to the protracted peroxide exposure.
this adaptive response involved changes in cytoskeletal structure , energy metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and selective alterations in transmembrane receptor activity.
our paradigm indicates how cellular physiology can subtly change in different contexts and potentially aid the appreciation of stress response adaptations.
as result of the great benefit of haart , aids-related deaths have dramatically declined during the last decade in hiv-infected individuals.
however , mortality due to non-aids conditions and particularly cardiovascular events seems to be on the rise in this population.
metabolic complications and other conditions responsible for increased cardiovascular risk are common in hiv persons.
moreover , antiretroviral medications and hiv itself might play a role in further increasing cardiovascular risk.
as the hiv population is aging , a growing impact of cardiovascular events on survival can be expected.
therefore , early diagnosis and treatment of predisposing cardiovascular risk factors is warranted in this population.
lifestyle habits must be encouraged , including healthy diet and exercise.
the median age of hiv-infected patients is increasing all over the world.
age has a significant impact on some aspects of hiv-infection when compared to younger patients.
specifically , we have little knowledge regarding the role mtocr1 has in liver physiology.
here we show that mtorc1 controls ketogenesis in mice in response to fasting.
the loss of raptor ( regulatory associated protein of mtor , complex @number@ ) an essential mtorc1 component , has the opposite effects.
like livers with activated mtorc1 , livers from aged mice have a defect in ketogenesis , which correlates with an increase in mtorc1 signalling.
it is known that young female cancer survivors are at higher risk for decreased fertility and early menopause.
ovarian reserve tests ( ort ) include serum and ultrasound biomarkers used in characterizing healthy ovarian aging and predicting ovarian reserve prior to fertility treatment.
this review summarizes efforts to translate ort to use in female cancer patients.
to date , small longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of young cancer patients demonstrate that gonadotoxic chemotherapy impact ort.
more data are needed to determine the long-term effect of hormonal agents from tamoxifen to gnrh agonists on ort.
the effect of unilateral oophorectomy acutely or in the long-term on ort is not known.
there are some early data postulating that cancer itself may impair ovarian reserve.
among cancer survivors , ort correlate with amenorrhea.
even in young survivors with normal menstrual cycles , hormone and ultrasound measures of ovarian reserve suggest decreased underlying ovarian reserve than age-matched healthy women.
more studies are needed to determine the optimal time to test ort in the large number of young survivors on combined estrogen and progesterone contraceptives.
to do so , large-scale data need to be collected through cooperative group mechanisms.
epidemiologically , studies need to move from association studies to develop ort into appropriate screening and predictive tests.
methods : the double-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging technique was used in this study.
a phantom of fat-water mixtures was established to test the accuracy of the sequence.
in addition , @number@ healthy male volunteers ( 20-70 years , body mass index ≤ @number@ ) were enrolled.
fat content of the pancreas ( head , body , and tail ) was examined.
conclusions : double-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging is useful for quantifying pancreatic fat fraction.
purpose of review : this review summarizes recent research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) among older adults.
all participants spoke english as a first language and had normal hearing below @number@ khz.
there was no release from informational masking for either age group.
when the primes were noise vocoded , there was no release from informational masking for either younger or older adults.
we found a significant improvement in performance , but the amount of improvement was equivalent for both age groups.
conclusions : auditory priming resulted in equivalent amounts of release from informational masking in both younger and older adults.
older people experience enhanced susceptibility to viral infections and subsequent superimposed bacterial infections.
based on both experimental and clinical studies , this susceptibility is thought to be due to declining immune responses.
these age-elevated il-17 responses induce a lethal immune pathology during viral infection.
early during the course of infection natural killer t-cells ( nkt-cells ) are major contributors to the elevated il-17 response in aged mice.
these responses synergize with defective viral clearance with aging noted by impaired ifn-α responses by plasmacytoid dcs.
our results indicate that novel anti-inflammatory drugs may resolve imbalanced inflammation and improve outcomes in older people infected with viruses.
this overly optimistic definition was incepted in the 1970s amid the public's fear of the upcoming sd crisis and desperate hope for a cure.
scientifically , however , it has overturned alois alzheimer's age-based concept for disease classification-the essence of modern geriatric medicine and the national institute of aging.
thus , the current definition for sd , though socially and politically appealing , would be scientifically flawed.
such well-intentioned studies would generate numerous data , but render sd a scientific and logical enigma.
finally , we ask : can scientific inquiry preserve its integrity and objectivity under social pressure ?
it appears that these fundamental questions warrant serious attention if the scientific nature of sd is to be eventually understood.
the enzyme telomerase is active in germ cells and is critically involved in maintenance of telomere length in successive generations.
in preimplantation mammalian embryos , telomerase activity is present from the morula stage onward and is associated with an increase in telomere length in blastocysts.
herein , we show that telomere length regulation in murine and bovine blastocysts differed between trophectodermal and inner cell mass cells in a species-specific manner.
ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( tert ) in bovine embryos increased telomerase activity and in turn increased telomere length.
ultimately , these studies may lead to a large-animal model for telomere regulation and aging.
there is a growing interest in the role of vitamin k in health , especially in aging populations.
knowledge of inter- and intra-individual variability of dietary vitamin k intake could be useful to accurately assess usual intake and rank participants in epidemiological studies.
each set included @number@ weekdays and one weekend day.
adjusting for energy intake explained < 7% of variance and did not affect the variance ratio.
six to @number@ 24hr are required to properly rank individuals according to their usual vitamin k intake and limit attenuation of the regression coefficient.
these results should be considered in studies planning to assess vitamin k intakes in older adults.
a high dietary intake of fruit and vegetables has been shown to be protective for health.
neighborhood socioeconomic differences may influence the consumption of carotenoid-rich foods , as indicated by serum carotenoid concentrations.
neighborhood socioeconomic z-scores were derived from characteristics of the census block of the participants.
serum carotenoid concentrations were measured at baseline and at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ mo follow-up visits.
there was no significant association between neighborhood z-score and serum lycopene.
the enzymes serine hydroxymethyltransferase @number@ ( gene name shmt1 ) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( gene name mthfr ) regulate key reactions in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.
common genetic variants with the potential to influence disease risk exist in both genes.
we investigated the effect of the shmt1 rs1979277 snp and the shmt1 rs1979277-mthfr rs1801133 interaction in @number@ epidemiologic cohort studies.
objective : we characterized long-term body-composition changes associated with the dm trial and potential modifiers of these associations.
we studied a subset with whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and during follow-up.
at year @number@ only the fm change was significantly different between groups.
intervention associations varied by race-ethnicity , bmi , diabetes , and ht and remained significant after adjustment for physical activity.
conclusion : this intervention was associated with modest long-term body-composition changes ; the findings were more robust in years @number@ and @number@
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00000611.
for both scoring systems , higher scores connote greater adherence.
cognitive function was assessed at 3-y intervals on the basis of a composite measure of global cognition.
linear mixed models were used to examine the association of dietary scores to change in cognitive function.
mean follow-up time was @number@ y.
results : mean ( ±sd ) scores for participants were @number@ ± @number@ for the meddiet and @number@ ± @number@ for the hei-2005.
white participants had higher energy-adjusted meddiet scores but lower hei-2005 scores than did black participants.
no such associations were observed for hei-2005 scores.
conclusion : the mediterranean dietary pattern as captured by the meddiet scoring system may reduce the rate of cognitive decline with older age.
objective : recent studies suggest a close local link between bone marrow adiposity and endosteal bone formation.
the strength of this local association was comparable in the young and the elderly and in males and females.
conclusion : our results underscore the strength of the local connections between bone and marrow adiposity.
increasing our understanding of the mechanism for this association could lead to better diagnosis and treatment approaches for osteoporosis.
the capacity to generate an efficient innate immune response is pivotal for survival.
the objective of this study was to investigate innate immune function in relation to long-term survival in the oldest old.
in old age , the capacity to generate an unopposed proinflammatory innate immune response is predictive of long-term survival.
this article introduces the concept of socio-connective trust , the synapse between the social structures and processes that underpin relationships in supportive care networks.
understanding the complexities of socio-connective trust in caregiving relationships will assist health and social care workers to mobilize relevant resources to support informal caregivers.
klo-1 associates with egl-15 / fgfr , suggesting a role for klo-1 in the fluid homeostasis phenotype described previously for egl-15 / fgfr mutants.
altered levels of egl-15 / fgfr signaling lead to defects in excretory canal development and function in c. elegans.
these results also suggest an evolutionarily conserved function for the fgfr-klotho axis in metabolic regulation.
purpose : to describe annual care transition patterns across residential and health care settings and assess consistency in care transition patterns across years.
design and methods : this retrospective cohort study used the medicare current beneficiary survey ( 2000-2005 ) .
the sample comprised beneficiaries aged @number@ years and older ( n = @number@ person-years of observation ) .
we compared weighted frequencies of transition patterns across years.
we counted repeated / multiple transitions that involved movement into hospital and snf settings and compared them by demographic characteristics.
results : care transition patterns remained consistent from year to year.
approximately @percent@ of the study population experienced a transition annually.
the most frequent transition pattern was transition to the hospital and back.
beneficiaries residing in a facility were more likely to undergo multiple transitions to hospitals and snfs compared with community-dwelling beneficiaries.
implications : the study provides a description of annual care transition patterns across six years.
background : this study examined the motivations and experiences of anonymous donors who decide to make themselves open to contact with their donor offspring.
results : donors ' main reasons for donating were financial payment and wanting to help others.
the majority of sperm donors and more than one-third of oocyte donors expressed concerns about having donated.
these concerns were mainly about the well-being of any children conceived using their gametes and not being able to make contact with them.
all of the donors who had contact with their donor offspring reported positive experiences and the majority continued to have regular contact.
knee and hip radiographs were classified according to kellgren and lawrence ( k / l ) scoring from grade @number@ to grade iv.
patients with oa with haplogroup h showed higher serum levels of mmp-3 than healthy controls.
conclusions : this study shows that haplogroups have a significant influence on serum levels of mmp-3 and mmp-13.
background : the treatment of older patients with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms poses many challenges for clinicians.
research indicates that the presence of any of these depressive symptoms negatively impacts the lives of patients suffering from schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
if these are ruled out , pharmacological agents in combination with psychosocial interventions are important treatments for older patients with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms.
augmentation with an antidepressant medication can be helpful for the elderly patient with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms.
more research with pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions is needed , however , to better understand how to treat this population of elderly patients.
successful pav deployment and function are heavily reliant on the tissue-stent interaction.
the goal of this study was to characterize and compare the biomechanical properties of aged human and porcine aortic tissues.
tissue structure was analyzed via histological techniques.
histological analysis revealed that porcine samples were composed of more elastin and less collagen fibers than the respective human samples.
circulating levels of igf-i change in ad patients and are implicated in the clearance of brain amyloid beta ( aβ ) complexes.
in particular , the frequency of rs972936 gg genotype was significantly greater in ad patients than in control subjects ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
compelling evidence has shown , that neurotrophins responsible for the regulation of neuronal growth , survival , and differentiation are involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
the striatal binding potential of non-displaceable [ ( @number@ ) i ] pe2i was calculated.
we found a positive correlation between serum bdnf levels and striatal dat availability ( p < @number@ r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
we find that in patients with striatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration serum bdnf levels decrease along with loss in striatal dat binding.
the aging of the population is one of the most important demographic events of the 21st century.
the aim of this study is to define the basic variables related with criminal behavior among the elderly for cases over @number@ years.
of the cases whose average age is @number@.2±6.9 , @number@ of the @number@ cases were diagnosed as ill.
out of @number@ elderly who had committed a criminal act @number@ of them had a medical antecedent which is a psychiatric diagnosis.
whether or not they had a medical antecedent the board made @number@ psychiatric diagnosis.
delusional disorder ( @percent@ ) and schizophrenia ( @percent@ ) are the most frequent diagnoses.
specializing and developing standards for determining the criminal responsibility of the elderly is required.
with advanced aging , main components of the kidney are altered , including blood vessels , glomeruli and tubulointerstitium.
the endothelium is a key player in vascular control and appears to be also disrupted in many compensatory functions ( i.e. , vasodilation ) .
perspectives for the management of the dysfunctional aging kidney are also addressed.
we describe a pair of monozygotic twins with an attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis type i ( mps-i ) .
at age @number@ they both developed cervical myelopathy as a cardinal manifestation.
magnetic resonance imaging revealed the cervical cord compressed by pachymeningeal hypertrophy.
surgery with dural plasty and laminoplasty resulted in decompression of the cervical cord with clinical improvement , revealing marked thickening of the dura mater.
patients with mps-i have been reported to present with various clinical phenotypes and severities even if they have identical mutations of idua.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients with hcc underwent hepatectomy were analyzed retrospectively.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female , aging from @number@ to @number@ years ( mean age , @number@ years ) .
they were divided into two groups according to the volume of ascites.
variant preoperative , intraoperative and postoperative factors were compared and a scoring system was established to predict the postoperative ascites.
a scoring system was established based on the analysis.
the specificity and the sensitivity were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
conclusion : variant factors are associated with postoperative ascites for hepatocellular carcinoma and the scoring system established can predict the ascites after hepatectomy accurately.
objective : to present a classification of the deviated nose with unilateral cleft lip and the associated surgical correction.
the surgical treatment included surgical correction of deviated bony pyramid , deviated cartilaginous pyramid , deviated lobular and deviated septa.
there were @number@ patients without deviated and @number@ patients with deviated.
most patients who underwent surgical correction were satisfied.
conclusions : there were nearly half of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity presenting with deviated noses.
there was least deviated bony pyramid and most deviated lobular in the unilateral cleft lip deviated nose.
the proposed classification for the deviated nose with unilateral cleft lip could serve as a practical guide for surgical planning.
objective : to discuss the anatomic features , clinical presentations , diagnosis , differentiations and treatments of congenital fourth branchial anomaly ( cfba ) .
methods : the clinical data of @number@ patients with cfba were retrospectively analyzed.
all lesions , including @number@ cyst , @number@ sinus ( with internal opening ) and @number@ fistula , located in the left necks.
three patients presented acute suppurative thyroiditis , @number@ deep neck abscesses , and @number@ neck lump.
preoperative examinations included barium esophagogram , direct laryngoscopy , ultrasonography , ct , mri , and so on.
the principles of managements were adequate drainage , infection control during acute period and radical surgery during quiescent period.
classic surgical approach consisted of complete excision of branchial lesions , dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve and partial thyroidectomy.
selective neck dissection was applied in recurrent cases to extirpate branchial lesions , scarrings and inflammatory granuloma.
no recurrence was found in all of @number@ cases with follow-up of @number@ to @number@ months ( median : @number@ months ) .
conclusions : cfba relates closely anatomically with recurrent laryngeal nerve and thyroid grand.
the barium esophagogram and direct laryngoscopy are the most useful diagnostic tools.
ct and mri are all beneficial to the diagnosis of cfba.
for recurrent cases , selective neck dissection is a safe and effective surgical procedure.
introduction : ovarian cancer is deadly and frequently affects older patients.
methods : we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer in our institution from @date@ to @date@ .
results : patients aged @number@ and over were less likely to have stage i disease and to undergo optimal surgery.
they also presented with more advanced disease , but this did not translate into a difference in survival rates.
serum ca @number@ levels did not enable identification of older patients who would benefit from surgery.
preoperative serum ca @number@ measurements did not identify patients in the older age group for whom surgery would be optimal.
multifactorial fall-prevention programmes are often not effective in preventing falls and functional decline.
this is also the case in the recently published study of de vries et al.
several causes for this lack of efficacy can be given.
an important finding in the dutch population is that a pragmatic multidisciplinary fall-prevention programme has no added benefit over and above normal care.
silent information regulator @number@ ( sir2 ) orthologs are an evolutionarily conserved family of nad-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate aging and longevity in model organisms.
the mammalian sir2 ortholog sirt1 regulates metabolic and stress responses through the deacetylation of many transcriptional regulatory factors.
interestingly , sirt1 physically interacts with hnf-1αin vitro but does so in vivo only in nutrient-restricting conditions.
this interaction requires 12-24 h of nutrient restriction and is dependent on protein synthesis.
pharmacological inhibition of sirt1 blocks the suppression of crp by nutrient restriction.
similarly , crp expression is also suppressed in fasted and diet-restricted liver.
chromatin is highly dynamic and subject to extensive remodeling under many physiologic conditions.
changes in chromatin that occur during the aging process are poorly documented and understood in higher organisms , such as mammals.
we developed an immunofluorescence assay to quantitatively detect , at the single cell level , changes in the nuclear content of chromatin-associated proteins.
mouse lung was characterized by monophasic mh2a expression histograms at both ages , and an increase in mean staining intensity at old age.
in the mouse liver , we observed increased age-associated localization of mh2a to regions of pericentromeric heterochromatin.
in the skeletal muscle , we found two populations of cells with either low or high mh2a levels.
this hot topics review will cover important new findings in this area that have occurred over the past year.
in the present study , we evaluated relationships between cognitive performance deficits and resting cerebral metabolism in euthymic older adults with bipolar disorder.
the relative contributions of aging and recurrent affective episodes to these differences in bipolar disorder patients remain to be established.
objective : impairment in social functioning appears to be common in bipolar disorder , although estimates have been derived largely from self-report measures.
results : mean age of the sample was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
subjects were experiencing , on average , mild levels of depression and minimal manic symptoms.
neurocognitive performance correlated with both performance-based and observer-rated social functioning , whereas depressive and manic symptoms correlated only with observer-rated social impairments.
conclusions : our study confirmed the negative relationship of bipolar depression with social functioning.
objectives : increasing numbers of people reach old age.
we wanted to identify variables of importance for reaching @number@ years old and determine how the predictive ability of these variables might change over time.
thus , @number@ men were invited , and @number@ were examined in @number@ at age @number@
further examinations were made at age @number@ @number@ and @number@
anthropometric data , lifestyle and parental factors , blood pressure , lung function , x-ray of heart and lungs and maximum work performance were recorded.
the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyse the predictive capacity of a variable.
variables of greatest importance at higher ages were low blood pressure and measures related to good cardiorespiratory function.
multiple neurocognitive subsystems are involved in resolving lexical ambiguity under different circumstances.
a subset of older adults with high verbal fluency maintained a young-like effect pattern.
demographic changes in developed countries as their populations age lead to a steady increase in the consumption of standard blood components.
complex therapeutic procedures like haematopoietic stem cell transplantation , cardiovascular surgery and solid organ transplantation are options for an increasing proportion of older patients nowadays.
this trend is likely to continue in coming years.
artificial blood substitutes or in vitro stem cell-derived blood components might also become alternatives in the future.
however , such substitutes are still in early stages of development and will therefore probably not alleviate this problem within the next few years.
different blood donor groups require specific approaches and , for example , inactive or deferred donors must be re-activated.
optimal use of blood components requires even more attention.
osteoporosis is , because of its high prevalence and morbidity , a major health problem in our aging population.
gene identifications have revealed relevant pathways and mechanisms both in the bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts.
furthermore , natural variants within these genes turned out to have an influence on bone mineral density in the general population.
finally , interesting drug targets for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis were revealed.
gonadal steroids affect a variety of brain processes.
cognitive consequences of hormonal changes associated with menopause are of scientific interest and of relevance to public health.
natural menopause is a normal physiological process that can only be directly studied through observational research.
similarly , surgical menopause in humans is rarely directly amenable to experimental research.
causality with respect to cognitive outcomes is , therefore , difficult to infer.
the data for episodic memory are the most robust.
basic scientists demonstrated that the multiple neuroprotective effects of estrogen on brain cells may induce a differential biological response according to the time of treatment.
progesterone ( but not all synthetic progestins ) also has pivotal neuroactive functions in animal models of reproductive aging.
additionally , epidemiological surveys provide information regarding the detrimental role of hypogonadism on mental well-being.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a sight threatening eye disease that affects millions of humans over the age of @number@ years.
it is considered to be the major cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the developed world.
the disease is prevalent in europe and the united states , which has a large number of individuals of european descent.
here , we review the clinical aspects of amd and summarize the genes which have been reported to have a positive association with the disease.
it comprises only workers who were first employed between @number@ and @number@ and contains information on annual exposures to radon progeny.
we fitted the model's free parameters , including the average growth time of one malignant cell into a lethal tumor.
this lag time has an extraordinary value of @number@ to @number@ years , larger than that previously used or found in miner studies.
model calculations of excess relative lung cancer death risk agree well with those from the descriptive , beir vi-type model for wismut miners.
multivariate linear regression was used to test independent effects of the covariates.
results : vat and vat% were higher in ea than aa women ( p < @number@ ) .
current smokers had higher vat and vat% ( p < @number@ ) and lower tbf than non-smokers.
conclusion : greater allocation of abdominal adipose tissue into the visceral compartment occurs in ea than aa women and in older than younger women.
avoidance of cigarette smoking and frequent participation in sports activities may partially counteract this deleterious phenomenon of ageing.
successful aging is important ; however , there is a lack of knowledge on how to promote successful aging in black older adults.
six broad categories emerged : independence / ability , health , mindset , activity / service , family , and spirituality.
these categories suggest foci for potential interventions to promote successful aging in black older adults.
in addition , recent research has noted an increased incidence of dementia in veterans with ptsd.
gerontological nurses , as members of the global community , are encouraged to become partners in promoting active and healthy aging.
nonpathological cognitive declines occur with aging and negatively affect everyday functioning and reduce quality of life.
many older adults , aware of such cognitive changes , seek ways to bolster their cognitive functioning.
evidence based on the cognitive aging literature supports a number of factors associated with cognitive functioning.
these factors include physical exercise , intellectual exercise , nutrition , sleep hygiene , social interaction , and mood and emotional state.
an example and directions for developing and implementing cognitive prescriptions are described.
recent studies have suggest that masticatory ( chewing ) function is useful for maintaining neurocognitive function in the elderly.
in addition , occlusal disharmony impairs hippocampal memory processes via chronic stress , and induces similar hippocampal pathology.
chewing , however , rescues stress-induced suppression of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and the stress-induced impairment of hippocampal-dependent learning.
these findings strongly suggest a link between mastication and neurocognitive function.
elderly patients represent a huge market for the pharmaceutical industry because population is aging and multimorbidity is concentrated on the last years of life.
the risk of inappropriate prescribing is high in this age group.
among the potentially toxic drugs , antimuscarinics occupy a prominent place.
it should be necessary as far as possible to avoid them , especially if treatments are illogical.
in the case of incontinence due to prostatic disease anticholinergic drugs usually worsen the problem.
in patients with dementia , they have an opposite effect to inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.
where no alternatives exist , it is recommended to make short term treatments and to reassess periodically the indication.
prevalence and incidence of dementia increase with demographic aging.
benefits of current antidementia drugs are modest , both in cognitive and functional domains.
therefore , interest is growing to evaluate the effects of interventions aiming at preventing cognitive decline and , ideally , dementia onset.
cognitive training and physical activity seem promising.
this paper describes recent studies that assessed the benefits of preventive strategies in the domain of dementia , especially in alzheimer's disease.
anemia is a frequent disease in elderly persons , but is often undertreated and misunderstood as a physiologic consequence of aging.
nevertheless , its association with some negative clinical impacts is well known and widely documented in the literature.
the quality of the supervisor-subordinate relationship and the existence of positive age-related supervisory practices were examined as moderators of this relationship.
however , high quality supervisor-subordinate relationships did moderate the effects of age dissimilarity on supervisory ratings.
the implications of these findings for performance appraisal methodologies and recommendations for further research are discussed.
denosumab was generally well tolerated in clinical trials , although long-term effects of very low bone turnover remain to be established.
background : published studies indicate that depression in older adults is severely under-recognized and under-treated.
objective : to characterize primary-care physicians ' decisions to prescribe antidepressants to older patients with depression.
physicians were also allowed to document any other reasons that influenced their decision.
patient characteristics and treatment were identified from administrative claims.
univariate analyses were used to describe patient characteristics and physician survey responses.
most patients had physician-reported depression onset after age @number@ years ( @percent@ ) and moderately severe depression ( @percent@ ) .
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were most frequently prescribed.
maintaining prior therapy was recommended for @percent@ of treated patients and treatment modification for @percent@.
@percent@ of physicians agreed that availability of efficacy data in the elderly influenced their decision to prescribe new therapy.
@percent@ of patients who were recommended new therapy initiation did not fill an antidepressant prescription.
background and objective : oxycodone is a widely used opioid analgesic , the global use of which has increased several-fold during the last decade.
plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its noroxycodone , oxymorphone and noroxymorphone metabolites were measured for @number@ hours with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method.
the cytochrome p450 ( cyp ) 2d6 genotype of the patients was determined.
glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) was estimated on the basis of the age , sex and serum creatinine concentration of the patient.
results : the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone showed age dependency.
noroxycodone auc ( ∞ ) was increased in the oldest group compared with patients aged 20-40 and 60-70 years ( p < @number@ ) .
there were no significant sex-related differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters.
conclusions : age is an important factor affecting the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone.
topical nsaids reduce systemic nsaid exposure and may mitigate these risks.
study design : pooled data from three 12-week , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , multicentre trials.
setting : us primary care , internal medicine , orthopaedic and rheumatology practices.
patients : aged ≥25 years with mild to moderate ( kellgren-lawrence grade 1-3 ) knee oa.
intervention : after a 1-week analgesic washout , patients applied @number@ g of dsg or vehicle four times daily to one knee.
rescue paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) up to @number@ g / day was allowed.
anova was used to compare efficacy outcome differences ( dsg vs vehicle ) by age ( 25-64 or ≥65 years ) .
results : the mes included both patients aged 25-64 ( n = @number@ ) and ≥65 ( n = @number@ ) years.
patients in each age group applied > 90% of scheduled doses.
gastrointestinal aes were infrequent among patients treated with dsg and similar to incidence rates with vehicle in both age groups.
conclusions : dsg was effective and generally well tolerated in adults regardless of age.
these data support the topical application of dsg for relief of oa knee pain in elderly and younger patients.
clinicaltrials.gov registration numbers nct00171626 , nct00171678 , nct00426621.
total joint arthroplasty ( tja ) is commonly performed on older adults.
prosthetic joint infection ( pji ) is a serious complication of tja that can significantly impact quality of life and physical function.
in this review , we discuss the epidemiology and risk factors for pjis among older adults.
we also offer an overview of current diagnostic , treatment and management strategies for pji.
given the serious nature of pji , prevention efforts remain essential.
several approaches to infection prevention exist , including antimicrobial prophylaxis and decolonization.
the best approach to pre-operative screening and decolonization programmes remains unclear.
each of these issues is reviewed in detail with a focus on adverse effects and current debates regarding best practice.
given the increased numbers of tjas performed , additional research on prevention and management is critical.
alzheimer's disease is a common and important disorder in which hippocampal atrophy is reported.
studies indicate that hippocampal atrophy has functional consequences , e.g. cognitive impairment.
hypertension can potentially damage the hippocampus through ischaemia caused by atherosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
diabetes can produce hippocampal lesions via both vascular and non-vascular pathologies and can reduce the threshold for hippocampal damage.
carriers of the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) -ε4 genotype have been shown to have greater mesial temporal atrophy and poorer memory functions than non-carriers.
repetitive seizures can increase aβ-peptide production and cause neurotransmission dysfunction and cytoskeletal abnormalities or a combination of these.
affective disturbances and stress are proposed to increase corticosteroid-induced hippocampal damage in many different ways.
finally , it would be useful to know the extent to which these predictors can worsen or aggravate existing alzheimer's disease.
of the clinically used drugs in alzheimer's disease , anticholinesterases have been shown to slow down the rate of progression of hippocampal atrophy.
one study observed that the neuroprotective effect of these agents is possibly due to an anti-aβ effect produced by cholinergic stimulation.
similarly , antihypertensive and antihyperglycaemic drugs ( pioglitazone and insulin ) have been shown to reduce the risk of alzheimer's disease or disease progression.
currently , there are no disease-modifying therapies available for alzheimer's disease.
medical issues have become a larger concern than any other issue for households.
objective : to estimate the determinants of individual out-of-pocket health expenditure in china.
methods : we used a subsample of @number@ adults aged ≥ @number@ years from the @number@ china health and nutrition survey.
the average out-of-pocket health expenditure was chinese yuan ( y ) @number@ ( y100 = $ us12.2 in @number@ ) .
conclusion : perceived severity of illness and self-reported health status are the most important factors when determining out-of-pocket health expenditure.
the effect of aging is substantial.
china should develop appropriate medical relief policies for the elderly to help them gain access to necessary healthcare services.
we describe the structure and present situation of the chinese healthcare system and discuss its primary problems and challenges.
background : the impact of age on melanoma patient outcomes is uncertain.
methods : we analyzed data from @number@ consecutive patients with stage iii cutaneous melanoma who were treated between @number@ and @number@ at one institution.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were ≥ @number@ years of age.
median follow-up time was @number@ months ( range : 6-140 months ) .
results : in the ≥ @number@ years group ( @percent@ men ) , the median breslow thickness was @number@ mm and @percent@ was ulcerated.
the 5-year dss rate was significantly lower in older patients ( @percent@ ) .
multivariate analysis identified older age as an independent prognostic factor for dss in the overall group.
additionally , the results indicate that the same radical surgical therapy is necessary for patients ≥ @number@ years old as in younger patients.
background : telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme capable of extending chromosome ends with telomeric dna sequences.
it protects the germline and stem cells from senescence by preventing telomere attrition.
cutaneous aging includes intrinsic aging , and photo-aging.
telomere-associated cellular senescence contributes to certain age-related cutaneous disorders , including increased cancer incidence.
premature skin aging in xeroderma pigmentosa ( xp ) is expected to show increased telomere attrition.
results : we found positive htert in normal skin and in the basal and sometimes in supra-basal layers.
photo-aged and prematurely photo-aged skin showed greater htert expression than young and aged skin.
conclusion : telomeres rather than telomerase are involved in cellular senescence.
yet , telomerase is intimately related to photo-aging in which lifetime cumulative sun exposure is an important factor.
however , genetic damage in xp is the decisive factor and not merely ultraviolet exposure.
purpose : postoperative cognitive decline in the elderly has emerged as a major health concern.
the available evidence of a possible association between anesthesia , surgery , and long-term cognitive effects , including ad , deserves consideration.
principal findings : a growing body of evidence suggests that general anesthetics may be neurotoxic to both young and aging brains.
much of the evidence originates from in vitro and in vivo studies with cells , rodents , and nonhuman primates.
despite the animal data suggesting a relationship between anesthesia and neurotoxicity in the elderly , a definitive link remains elusive in humans.
conclusions : the possible relation between anesthetic neurotoxicity , postoperative cognitive dysfunction , and ad remains elusive.
it remains unclear whether postoperative cognitive decline in the elderly is related more to perioperative stress and related medical co-morbidities.
we tested and compared the efficacy of pure oxygenated monoterpenoids that are main ingredients of essential oils of good biological activity.
we used pulegone and citral , components of aloysia citrodora , and geraniol , citronellol , and linalool , components of geranium sp. oil.
pulegone , linalool , and citral showed knockdown percentages between @number@ and @percent@ , and mortality percentages between @number@ and @percent@.
age was stratified by decade of death , and linear regressions were calculated by abo percentage.
abo survival curves were compared.
in @number@ @number@ patients died ; @number@ were excluded ( stillborn infants ) .
of the remaining @number@ patients , abo types were available for @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
the percentage of patients with group b blood declined with age ( p < @number@ ) .
of the other blood type percentages had a statistically significant increase or decrease.
in our patient population , the percentage of patients with group b blood declines with age.
the survival curve in group b was worse than that in groups a , o , and ab.
we analyze here the relation between alternative splicing and gene duplication in light of recent genomic data , with a focus on the human genome.
we show that the previously reported negative correlation between level of alternative splicing and family size no longer holds true.
we clarify this pattern and show that it is sufficiently explained by two factors.
first , genes progressively gain new splice variants with time.
the gain is consistent with a selectively relaxed regime , until purifying selection slows it down as aging genes accumulate a large number of variants.
this leads us to reconsider the role of alternative splicing in duplicate retention.
a study was undertaken to examine these features in a cohort of healthy children.
the number of bony depressions , distribution and amount of joint fluid and the presence of bone marrow changes were assessed.
@number@ of @number@ children ( @percent@ ) had a high signal on spair with a corresponding low signal on t1 in at least one bone.
all children had visible joint fluid in at least one of the joints assessed.
such findings must be interpreted with care in children with suspected disease such as juvenile arthritis.
objective : to investigate how interpersonal traits change as a function of degenerative brain disease type and severity.
using random coefficient models , interpersonal behaviour scores at very mild , mild or moderate-to-severe disease stages were compared within and between patient groups.
we assessed cmbs on mri and retinal microvascular signs on digital retinal images.
composite z scores of memory , processing speed , and executive function were derived from a battery of neurocognitive tests.
dementia and subtypes were diagnosed following international criteria.
conclusion : having multiple cmbs or concomitant cmbs and retinopathy is associated with a profile of vascular cognitive impairment.
background : traffic-related particles induce oxidative stress and may exert adverse effects on central nervous system function , which could manifest as cognitive impairment.
objective : we assessed the association between black carbon ( bc ) , a marker of traffic-related air pollution , and cognition in older men.
we assessed long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution using a validated spatiotemporal land-use regression model for bc.
we found no evidence of heterogeneity by cognitive test.
conclusions : ambient traffic-related air pollution was associated with decreased cognitive function in older men.
levodopa ( ld ) is the most effective drug to treat the symptoms of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
after oral administration of a tablet containing @number@ mg ld per @number@ mg carbidopa in @number@ pd patients , we measured plasma ld concentrations.
however , c ( max ) and t ( max ) were not statistically different between the groups.
the present data indicate that ld absorption is consistent in pd patients , regardless of age.
the difference in oral ld bioavailability between the groups may result from a difference in excretion ability.
physicians should consider ld pharmacokinetics when treating elderly pd patients.
acf1 interacts directly with ku70 and is required for the accumulation of ku proteins at dsbs.
thus , acf1 and its complexes play important roles in dsbs repair.
the inventory of processes that mirnas regulate has continued to expand since their relatively recent discovery.
recent studies have suggested that dna methylation is implicated in age-related changes in gene expression as well as in cognition.
dna methyltransferase 3a ( dnmt3a ) , which catalyzes dna methylation , is essential for memory formation and underlying changes in neuronal and synaptic plasticity.
in contrast , the density of type ii dnmt3a immunoreactive cells showed an age-related reduction , without significant effects of both cr and sod.
these changes in dnmt3a levels in the mouse hippocampus may have a significant impact on gene expression and associated cognitive functioning.
the brain reserve hypothesis has been posited as being one important mediating factor for developing dementia , especially alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
evidence for this hypothesis is mixed though different methodologies have made these findings difficult to interpret.
a broader spectrum of non-demented elderly control subjects from previous studies was also included for comparison ( n = 423 ) .
ticv , apoe , and other potential mediator / moderator variables are discussed in the context of the brain reserve hypothesis.
background : sex-specific trajectories in white matter development during adolescence may help explain cognitive and behavioral divergences between males and females.
knowledge of sex differences in typically developing adolescents can provide a basis for interpreting sexual dimorphisms in abilities and actions.
method : we examined @number@ healthy adolescents ( 12-14years of age ) with diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) .
sex differences in white matter microstructure were examined in relation to pubertal development.
pubertal stage did not account for sex disparities.
results : forty-six patients ( art group , n = 23 ; control , n = 23 ) were included in the analysis.
no significant changes were observed in the control group.
pvr showed no significant changes in either group.
functionally , an individual mirna can regulate the expression of multiple target genes.
the study of mirnas is rapidly growing and recent studies have revealed a significant role of mirnas in vascular biology and disease.
many mirnas are highly expressed in the vasculature , and their expression is dysregulated in diseased vessels.
thus , mirnas may serve as novel biomarkers and / or therapeutic targets for vascular disease.
in the current study , we examined whether older adults show this same memory effect.
the results suggest that older and young adults are achieving control of their expressions through different mechanisms or strategies.
raising an adolescent or adult child with a developmental disability confers exceptional caregiving challenges on parents.
data were collected on @number@ occasions across a 10-year period.
on occasions when behavior problems were higher , depressive symptoms and anxiety were higher.
on occasions after which the grown child moved out of the family home , anxiety was lower.
anxiety was higher on occasions when social support networks were smaller and when more stressful life events were experienced.
these results have implications for midlife and aging families of children with an asd and those who provide services to these families.
as a group , older adults report positive affective lives.
the extent to which there are subgroups of older adults whose moods are less positive , however , is unclear.
seventy-nine young and @number@ older adults continuously reported their moods while viewing emotional and neutral faces.
cluster analysis revealed four subgroups of mood-change trajectories.
also , these dysfunctions can be the only observable manifestations of the disorder.
it is particularly true in some epileptic syndromes with onset in childhood.
they often have a significant relationship with sleep.
primary percutaneous coronary interventions ( ppcis ) improve outcomes in patients with st-elevation myocardial infarction and facilitate the hospitalization course.
in most cases , the patient can be discharged within @number@ to @number@ days after the ppci , provided that careful triage is applied.
bleeding often associated with excessive antithrombotic drug dosing is a major concern.
the risk of major arrhythmias should also be addressed correctly.
the zwolle risk score is useful for identifying subjects who may be safely discharged early.
secondary prevention starts at the end of ppci.
hospital discharge and the planning of follow-up visits are critical for therapeutic recommendations.
the development of lv remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased mortality and with shorter event-free survival.
therapy to prevent or limit lv remodeling is of paramount importance , and it should be started in the early phase of reperfusion.
early identification of patients at risk for lv remodeling may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.
background : aging is a complex and challenging phenomenon that requires interdisciplinary efforts to unravel its mystery.
to assist basic research on aging , a comprehensive database and analysis platform for aging-related genes is required.
results : we developed a web-based database server , called gerontome that contains aging-related gene information and user-friendly analysis pipelines.
to construct the gerontome database , we integrated aging-related genes and their annotation data.
the aging-related genes were categorized by a set of structural terms from gene ontology ( go ) .
analysis pipelines for promoter analysis and protein-ligand docking were developed.
the promoter analysis pipeline allows users to investigate the age-dependent regulation of gene expression.
the protein-ligand docking pipeline provides information on the position and orientation of a ligand in an age-related protein surface.
conclusion : gerontome can be accessed through web interfaces for querying and browsing.
the server provides comprehensive age-related gene information and analysis pipelines.
gerontome is available free at @url@
extensive literatures on help-seeking show how much social influences affect both undertreatment and inappropriate high utilization of health care.
both of these strategies need to be considered in the context of addressing racial , ethnic , socioeconomic , and health status disparities.
consensus about health reform requires trust.
the traditional trust patients have in physicians provides an important base on which to build.
osteoclastogenesis is associated with aging and various age-related inflammatory chronic diseases , including cancer.
we therefore investigated whether butein , a tetrahydroxychalcone , could inhibit rankl signaling and suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by rankl or tumor cells.
the chalcone also suppressed the expression of rankl by the tumor cells.
finally , butein also suppressed the rankl-induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.
collectively , our results indicate that butein suppresses the osteoclastogenesis induced by tumor cells and by rankl , by suppression of the nf-κb activation pathway.
autophagy is active in the heart at baseline and further stimulated under stress conditions including starvation , ischemia / reperfusion , and heart failure.
it plays an adaptive role in the heart at baseline , thereby maintaining cardiac structure and function and inhibiting age-related cardiac abnormalities.
activation of autophagy during ischemia is essential for cell survival and maintenance of cardiac function.
autophagy is strongly activated in the heart during reperfusion after ischemia.
activation of autophagy during reperfusion could be either protective or detrimental , depending on the experimental model.
however , strong induction of autophagy accompanied by robust upregulation of beclin1 could cause autophagic cell death , thereby proving to be detrimental.
methods : a total of @number@ women who had undergone conservative surgery for borderline ovarian tumors between @date@ and @date@ were eligible.
recurrence rate , fertility outcome and the number of pregnancies were analyzed retrospectively.
results : among the study group , @number@ women were not sexually active both at the time of surgery and during the follow-up period.
the ability to conceive was shown to be associated with age , tumor histology and type of conservative surgery.
as expected , the fertility potential correlated positively with decreasing age ( correlation coefficient = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the primary treatment of borderline ovarian tumors refers to conservative surgery.
the present study aimed to determine the reliability of a series of selected anthropometric measurements in young male and female gymnasts.
all parameters were measured twice ( test-retest ) under the same conditions within a week's period.
the high test-retest icc and the low cv and tem values confirmed the reliability of all anthropometric measurements in young artistic gymnasts.
background : serum alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) is a marker of liver injury.
the @number@ american gastroenterology association future trends committee report states that serum alt levels remain constant with age.
this study examines the association between serum alt and age in a community-dwelling cohort in the united states.
childhood diet is important for brain development.
furthermore , the quality of breakfast is thought to affect the cognitive functioning of well-nourished children.
we divided subjects into rice , bread , and both groups according to their breakfast staple.
the bread group had significantly larger regional gray and white matter volumes of several regions , including the right frontoparietal region.
the perceptual organization index ( poi ; iq subcomponent ) of the rice group was significantly higher than that of the bread group.
decreases in levels of sex hormones occur with aging.
observational studies have found associations of low testosterone concentrations in older men with adverse symptoms ; however , these associations do not prove causality.
therefore , the question arises whether to treat older men whose serum testosterone is low.
results : the gender difference in total performance time was stable until @number@ yr and then significantly increased.
the purpose of this study is to see if encouragement from fellow church members helps older people develop and maintain healthy lifestyles.
the findings indicate that informal church-based support is associated with healthy lifestyles among older african americans but not older whites.
in addition , the influence of support from fellow church members on health behaviors is greater for study participants who closely identify with their congregations.
the theoretical and practice implications of these results are discussed.
health care expenses in the united states are increasing inexorably.
here , a number of concepts are discussed that focus on this goal and its implications for the cancer patient and society at large.
significant combinations were defined as type profiles and used in simulated accessibility analyses.
results : eleven combinations occurred more often and eight less often than expected ( p < @number@ ) .
simulations with ten type profiles predicted varied patterns of accessibility problems.
conclusion : the use of type profiles has potential to contribute to the knowledge of combinations of functional limitations among groups of older persons.
variation in predicted accessibility problems for different type profiles helps identifying priorities in societal planning.
methods : data are from @number@ older persons aged ≥80 years enrolled in the ilsirente study.
all participants were followed up for @number@ months.
results : mean age of study participants was @number@ years ( standard deviation @number@ ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
testing the interaction between il-6 and gstm1 genotype , we found a significant result ( p = 0.02 ) .
no significant effect of gstt1 genotype on mortality was shown in participants with low and high il-6 level.
the role of anxiety in pain is less well understood than the role of depression.
of men in the study , @percent@ had persistent and intrusive pain , @percent@ were worried about their health , and @percent@ had anxiety.
the corresponding adjusted odds ratio for the association between anxiety and pain was @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval @number@.0-4.8 ; p = 0.0363 ) .
in older community-dwelling men , pain was robustly associated with worry about health , highlighting the potential importance of subthreshold anxiety-related psychological factors.
context : antimuscarinics are the drugs of choice for the treatment of detrusor overactivity ( do ) and overactive bladder ( oab ) syndrome.
however , the mechanisms for their beneficial effects have not yet been definitely established.
objective : literature available on the pathophysiologic aspects of storage symptoms and of antimuscarinic actions on the bladder was reviewed.
evidence acquisition : medline was searched for the period ending @date@ and included studies on human and animal tissues and animal models.
clinical studies exploring mechanisms involved in the effects of antimuscarinics were included.
searches were limited to the english language.
afferent noise may also be generated by local ach release within the detrusor muscle.
this afferent activity can be inhibited by antimuscarinics at the low concentrations obtained with doses recommended for clinical use in oab / do.
within this therapeutic window , antimuscarinics may decrease oab symptoms and do without affecting the voiding contraction.
changes in muscarinic receptor functions have been demonstrated with aging and in different disorders associated with oab / do.
by inhibiting this effect , antimuscarinics may decrease oab symptoms and do without affecting the voiding contraction.
background : anti-glomerular basement membrane ( gbm ) disease is being recognized increasingly in older patients.
disease presentation and outcomes of these patients are unclear.
study design : case series.
setting & participants : @number@ consecutive chinese patients with anti-gbm disease diagnosed in 1998-2008 in our tertiary referral center.
anti-gbm disease was defined as positive anti-gbm antibodies in circulation and / or linear immunoglobulin g deposition along the gbm on kidney biopsy.
outcomes : clinical features , kidney pathologic characteristics , end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) , and mortality.
multivariate cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the contribution of age , sex , clinical measures , and treatments to esrd and mortality.
results : @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were @number@ years or older.
older patients had a male predominance ( male / female ratio , @number@.9 : 1 ) .
limitations : not all patients underwent kidney biopsy , especially those with very old age or esrd at presentation.
conclusions : older patients with anti-gbm disease had milder kidney damage and less pulmonary involvement.
outcomes were predicted by initial egfr.
thus , early diagnosis was crucial to improve outcomes.
issues involving people with disabilities cut across the overarching domains of education , training , research , and service.
building capacity within and across the other sections in apha will be our greatest challenge over these next few years.
our journey has just begun.
spatial memory performance was evaluated in a three-day moving platform morris water maze task.
this finding indicates that infancy is not a critical period beyond which novelty exposure will have little effect on enhancing spatial memory.
these structures , together with existing biochemical data , provide novel insights into the basic mechanism of telomere replication and length homeostasis by telomerase.
background context : osteoporosis is a major health-care problem that is increasing in magnitude with the aging population.
such patients are more prone to develop painful and debilitating spinal deformities but are difficult to treat.
currently , no definitive treatment algorithm has been established.
study design / setting : review article.
the literature supports the use of vertebroplasty in conjunction with pedicle screw-based instrumentation for treating more severe spinal deformities.
other techniques and modifications with evidence of reduced failure risk are bicortical screws , hydroxyapatite coatings , double screws , and expandable screws.
anterior approaches may provide another avenue of treatment , but only a few studies have been conducted on these implants in patients with osteoporosis.
conclusions : spinal deformities in patients with osteoporosis are difficult to treat because of their debilitating and progressive nature.
the success of these techniques depends on integrating biomaterial , biologic , and biomechanical aspects with clinical considerations.
synthesizing this myriad of aspects will lead to improved treatment options for patients with osteoporosis who are suffering from spinal deformities.
regional effects of age on cbf differed from that of grey-matter atrophy.
in addition , the pattern of cbf associations with age displays an interesting similarity with the default-mode network.
normal human aging is associated with declining motor control and function.
it is thought that dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry may contribute to age-related sensorimotor impairment , however the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized.
the aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the functional architecture of these circuits.
fifty-nine subjects , consisting of a young , middle and old group , were studied using functional mri and a motor activation paradigm.
results indicated that increasing age is associated with changes in the functional architecture of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry.
connectivity strength increased between subcortical nuclei and cortical motor and sensory regions but no changes were found between subcortical components of the circuitry.
further , increased connectivity was correlated with poorer performance on a neurocognitive task independently of age.
this result suggests that increased connectivity reflects a decline in brain function rather than a compensatory process.
these findings advance our understanding of the normal aging process.
the liver can fully regenerate itself by a compensatory regrowth in response to partial hepatectomy or injury.
this process consists of a variety of well-orchestrated phases and is mediated by many signals.
farnesoid x receptor ( fxr ) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors.
bile acids are fxr physiological ligands.
as a metabolic regulator , fxr plays key roles in regulating metabolism of bile acids , lipids and glucose.
recently , bile acid / fxr signaling pathway is shown to be required for normal liver regeneration.
furthermore , fxr promotes liver repair after injury and activation of fxr is able to alleviate age-related defective liver regeneration.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : translating nuclear receptors from health to disease.
the inhibition of the proteasomal system is one of the major aspects of the cytotoxic effects of lipofuscin.
the aim of this study was to assess the levels of flexibility , functional autonomy and qol in elderly yoga practitioners.
the remaining variables showed no significant intergroup modifications.
mitral regurgitation ( mr ) , currently the most frequent valvular heart disease , is mostly degenerative , linked to aging and of increasing prevalence.
indications of mitral surgery , the only current approved treatment of mr , are disputed.
coherent cumulative evidence obtained worldwide show that early surgery in asymptomatic patients is the preferred approach.
background : various minimally invasive treatments enhance the skin's appearance.
little is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby treatments working at the epidermal level might alter the dermis.
objective : we sought to quantify the molecular changes that result from erbium : yttrium-aluminium-garnet ( er : yag ) laser microablative resurfacing.
methods : we performed biochemical analyses after intraepidermal er : yag laser resurfacing of @number@ patients.
immunohistochemical analysis and polymerase chain reaction technology were utilized to measure key biomarkers.
results : the basement membrane remained intact after intraepidermal microablation , as demonstrated by laminin γ2 immunostaining.
epidermal injury was demonstrated with acute up-regulation of keratin @number@
an inflammatory response ensued as indicated by increases in cytokines interleukin @number@ beta ( il-1β ) and il-8 as well as a substantial neutrophil infiltrate.
levels of cjun and junb proteins , components of the transcription factor ap-1 complex , were also elevated.
up-regulation of extracellular matrix degrading proteinases matrix metalloproteinase @number@ ( mmp-1 ) , mmp-3 , and mmp-9 was noted.
a transient increase in keratinocyte proliferation , as indicated by staining for ki67 , was observed.
increased expression of type i and type iii procollagen was demonstrated.
limitations : the data presented are those that resulted from a single treatment session.
we demonstrated substantial dermal matrix remodeling , including a degree of collagen production that compares favorably with some more invasive interventions.
dermal remodeling and stimulation of collagen production are associated with wrinkle reduction.
thus these results suggest that the skin's appearance may be enhanced by creating dermal changes through the use of superficially acting treatments.
in recent years , injections with filler agents are often used for wrinkle-treatment and soft tissue augmentation by dermatologists and plastic surgeons.
unfortunately , the ideal filler has not yet been discovered and all of them may induce adverse reactions.
quickly biodegradable or resorbable agents may induce severe complications , but they will normally disappear spontaneously in a few months.
slowly biodegradable or nonresorbable fillers may give rise to severe reactions that show little or no tendency to spontaneous improvement.
they may appear several years after the injection , when the patient does not remember which product was injected , and treatment is often insufficient.
in conclusion , histopathologic study remains as the gold standard technique to identify the responsible filler.
calorie restriction ( cr ) remains the most robust environmental intervention for altering aging processes and increasing healthspan and lifespan.
emerging from progress made in many nonhuman models , current research has expanded to formal , controlled human studies of cr.
over @number@ years ago , we introduced the concept of glycolytic inhibition as a strategy for developing mimetics of cr.
this review discusses these various strategies to assess their current status and future potential for this emerging research field.
defects in ber have been linked to cancer predisposition , neurodegenerative disorders , and immunodeficiency.
the intent of this review is to describe the range of ber capacity among individuals and the functional consequences of ber genetic variants.
we also discuss studies that associate ber deficiency with disease risk and the current state of ber capacity measurement assays.
methods : secondary longitudinal analysis of dementia caregivers were recruited from eight catchment areas in the united states with 6- and 12-month post-placement follow-up data.
the sample included data on @number@ dementia caregivers with pre- and six-month post-placement data and @number@ with pre-placement , six-month , and 12-month post-placement data.
burden was measured with a modified version of the zarit burden inventory.
depressive symptoms were assessed with the geriatric depression scale.
such findings can facilitate development of screening processes to identify families at-risk following institutionalization.
we studied histologic findings of age-related change in the posterior pituitary gland focusing specifically on abnormal deposition of tau protein.
we confirmed that tau protein deposition in the posterior pituitary appears histologically as either a ' thread-like ' or ' dot ' form.
in double staining using an anti-neurofilament antibody and gallyas-braak staining , gallyas-braak-positive structures were located in the neurite.
the grade and the frequency of tau protein deposition were increased in accord with aging.
an interrelation was observed between tau protein deposition in the brain and that in the posterior pituitary.
in tauopathy diseases , tau protein deposition in the posterior lobe is advanced compared to that in non-tauopathy diseases.
the level of tau protein deposition in the hypothalamus was compared semi-quantitatively with that in the posterior pituitary , and the levels correlated well.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is one of the most common forms of dementia in the elderly.
in ad patients , β-amyloid peptide ( aβ ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are common features observed in the cns.
aβ deposition results in the production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) leading to the hyperphosphorylation of tau that are associated with neuronal damage.
cholinesterase inhibitors and a partial nmda receptor antagonist ( memantine ) have been identified as potential treatment options for ad.
however , clinical studies have found that these drugs fail to prevent the disease progression.
from ancient times , garlic ( allium sativum ) has been used to treat several diseases.
by ' aging ' of garlic , some adverse reactions of garlic can be eliminated.
to date , the molecular properties of age have been sparsely studied in vitro or in vivo.
the present study tested specific biochemical and molecular effects of age in neuronal and ad rodent models.
furthermore , we identified s-allyl-l-cysteine ( sac ) as one of the most active chemicals responsible for the age-mediated effect ( s ) .
treatment of age and sac were found to protect neuronal cells when they were independently co-treated with ros.
furthermore , a novel neuropreservation effect of age was detected in that pre-treatment with age alone protected ∼ @percent@ neuronal cells from ros-mediated damage.
age was also found to preserve pre-synaptic protein synaptosomal associated protein of @number@ kda ( snap25 ) from ros-mediated insult.
taken together , the neuroprotective , including preservation of pre-synaptic proteins by age and sac can be utilized in future drug development in ad.
antihypertensive drug therapy should be considered in all aging hypertensive patients , as treatment greatly reduces cardiovascular events.
most classes of antihypertensive medications may be used as first-line treatment with the possible exception of α- and β-blockers.
future management will likely focus on intervening earlier to prevent accelerated vascular aging and irreversible arterial damage.
older workers completed four standardized tests reflecting the job design and successful aging variables.
results indicated that job design contributed to @percent@ of the variance in generativity and @percent@ of the variance in personal sense of control scores.
skill variety and coworker support were the most important job design variables for successful aging outcomes.
the potential for workplaces to become social institutions that contribute to dimensions of successful aging is discussed.
in reality , however , there are many situations that require binding multiple features together simultaneously.
however , older adults improved their memory performance substantially by two means : self-paced encoding and practice.
the former primarily shortened reaction times while the latter primarily improved memory accuracy.
with self-paced encoding , older adults were also capable of binding at least three units during encoding.
literatures on perceived age and developmental issues in middle and later life are joined in analyzing perceived age and its implications for well-being.
the association between felt age and well-being is moderated by developmental assessments.
the contrasting patterns exhibited by felt age and ideal age reflect the complexities of age perceptions.
isometric handgrip ( ihg ) remains a well-studied cardiovascular and autonomic stimulus , however the effects of rhythmic ihg protocols remain largely unknown.
bp and neurocardiac modulation were assessed during and following each protocol.
in conclusion , recovery responses from rhythmic ihg appear independent of contraction and / or rest period frequency-duration relationships.
investigation of rhythmic ihg protocols warrants further examination.
neurotropic viruses remain dormant in sensory neurons for years , but upon reactivation , they can produce multiple disease states including pain symptoms.
latent viral dna is extrachromosomal , maintained as a circular episome bound to histones.
pharmacological modulation of sirt1 and sirt1 overexpression both affected viral transgene expression.
we propose that age or stress-related neuronal nad ( + ) depletion may be a trigger for viral reactivation.
the current study sought to examine the factors associated with freedom from neurocognitive impairment in older hiv-infected adults.
thirty-two percent of the cohort met these criteria.
sca was not related to demographic composition , hiv disease or treatment factors , medical comorbidities , or histories of substance use disorders.
for the management of sexually transmitted infections in this population , basic epidemiological data need to be established.
political management to prevent sexually transmitted infections needs to be continued in elderly people as it is in other age groups.
autonomic function was assessed by means of @number@ standard cardiovascular reflex tests.
cardiovascular reflex tests mainly characterizing sympathetic function had no correlation with aortic stiffness parameters ( p = ns for all correlations ) .
correlations exist between parameters characterizing aortic elasticity and parasympathetic autonomic function , as shown by standard cardiovascular reflex tests in healthy volunteers.
metsrisk was calculated as the sum of arbitrarily weighted factors positively associated with mets divided by hdl cholesterol.
( @number@ ) to determine whether greater treatment intensity is associated with longer life.
in all , @number@ ( @percent@ ) pregnancies were terminated.
of the liveborn infants , @percent@ died before @number@ days of age and @percent@ before @number@ months of age.
greater treatment intensity did not correlate with longer survival ( r = -0.04 ; p = 0.66 ) .
even when pregnancy termination is not elected , infants diagnosed prenatally receive less intense care.
visual hallucinations are common and often distressing consequences of vision loss , particularly in age-related macular degeneration.
we aimed at evaluating both the efficacy and safety of ygs in patients with cbs.
methods : twenty patients diagnosed with cbs were investigated , according to the diagnostic criteria established by gold and rabins and teunisse.
participants were treated in a 4-week open-label study with ygs at an average daily dose of @number@ ± @number@ g ( @number@.5-7.5 g ) .
psychometric instruments used to assess efficacy included the neuropsychiatric inventory , hallucination subscale of the positive and negative syndrome scale , and clinical global impression.
no cases of serious adverse events were attributed to the study's drug therapy.
given the design characteristics of this trial , the present findings should be taken cautiously.
misfolded proteins are at the core of many neurodegenerative diseases , nearly all of them associated with cognitive impairment.
additionally , there are accumulations of tau-protein as neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites.
background : sex hormones and adipokines seem to differently interact in both genders at different ages.
at any age , women had significantly lower serum testosterone / estrone ratio than age-matched men ( p < 0.01 ) .
serum dheas was inversely proportional to age in both genders.
the main predictors of adiponectin level are age in men ( p = 0.027 ) and bmi in women ( p = 0.003 ) .
the main predictors of leptin level are bmi and the testosterone / estrone ratio in both sexes ( p < 0.05 ) .
the testosterone / estrone ratio is also the main predictor of ghrelin levels in women ( p = 0.006 ) .
conclusion : sex hormones and adipokines show specific interactions in the two genders and in different age-classes in a representative sample of adult healthy subjects.
background and aims : caregiving can be extremely stressful , especially when patients ' ability to communicate is impaired.
patients ' characteristics were not related with care-givers ' stress at baseline.
the mean level of stress was significantly reduced ( @number@.64±4.15 vs @number@.64±3.82 , p < 0.001 ) between baseline and the study endpoint.
conclusions : increased knowledge of management of patients affected by dementia could help professional care-givers to reduce their work-related stress.
our results add to the evidence of the benefit of personnel support in reducing levels of stress at work.
nevertheless , the tuning of cellular metabolism towards maximal survival is the molecular basis of longevity.
these findings indicate that prohibitin is a context-dependent modulator of longevity.
the tight evolutionary conservation and ubiquitous expression of prohibitin proteins suggest a similar role for the mitochondrial prohibitin complex during aging in other organisms.
the incidence , malignancy and treatment resistance of many types of human b-cell leukaemias ( b-all ) are directly related to patient age.
b-alls generated from 12- and 20-month-old progenitors gave rise to a more invasive b-all than the one developed from 4-month old precursors.
our study shows that the age of target cells at the time of transformation affects b-all malignancy.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study of @number@ participants from the study healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span.
confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine walkability scores.
multilevel modeling was used to determine prevalence ratios for the association between walkability and obesity.
prevalence ratios were similar after controlling for the perception of crime , physical activity , and main mode of transportation.
conclusions : future research is needed to determine how differences in associations by neighborhood characteristics may contribute to racial disparities in obesity.
data were from the @number@ nj familycare family health survey ( n = @number@ families ) .
enrollment was higher among single parents ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @number@ ) .
roughly one third of eligible parents did not enroll , suggesting the need to increase awareness of parental eligibility and reduce barriers to enrollment.
in order to better understand their physiological role , age-related changes of salivary amino acids were investigated.
whole saliva ( one sample per each person ) was collected in the daytime ( @time@ or @time@ - @time@ ) .
salivary amino acids were recovered after deproteinization with @percent@ trichloroacetic acid and determined by an amino acid analyzer.
results : glycine was the most abundant amino acid in the saliva.
glycine and lysine levels increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) with aging , regardless of gender difference.
when the glycine and lysine levels were plotted , much higher correlation ( p < 0.001 ) was observed.
on the other hand , there was no significant correlation between the salivary concentration of glutamic acid or histidine and age.
conclusion : salivary amino acid levels may be regarded as markers of aging.
here we provide evidence of an analogous layered immune system in humans.
we also provide evidence that the fetal t cell lineage is biased toward immune tolerance.
these observations offer a mechanistic explanation for the tolerogenic properties of the developing fetus and for variable degrees of immune responsiveness at birth.
background : ivf treatments carry a high risk of twin pregnancy which confers a higher risk to the mother and child than singletons.
increased use of elective single embryo transfer ( eset ) can reduce this twin rate.
methods : the models allow simultaneous prediction of outcomes from double embryo transfer ( det ) and set.
conclusions : all patients receiving set would have a higher chance of successful treatment in that cycle if they received det.
the selection of appropriate patients for set can partially ameliorate the overall loss.
for complete cycles , repeat set could produce more live births per egg retrieval than repeat det.
spinocerebellar ataxia ( sca ) is a clinically , pathologically , and genetically heterogeneous group of dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders.
sca31 has recently been reported to be associated with a complex penta-nucleotide ( tggaa ) n repeat insertion in the introns of tk2 and bean.
our data indicate that sca31 is absent or rare in the chinese population on taiwan.
increased gm atrophy rates ( approximately @percent@ per year ) were observed in patients compared with controls.
although mean atrophy rates provided by jacobian integration were smaller than those from segmentation and subtraction of gm volumes , measurement variance was reduced.
jacobian integration could be useful for measuring gm atrophy rate in alzheimer's disease as a marker of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
influence of sun exposure and physical activity on cognition has not been evaluated simultaneously.
we aimed to evaluate predictors of clock drawing test ( cdt ) performance on n = 125 patients attending an internal medicine outpatient clinic.
interview data was gathered on sociodemographic , health-related and lifestyle factors referring to the last year.
mean age of the participants was @number@ ± @number@ @percent@ were women and @percent@ were illiterate.
mean cdt score was @number@ ± @number@ @percent@ scored > 0 and @percent@ scored @date@ .
both duration of walking and summer sun exposure predicted a cdt score > 0 in uva.
our study shows that cdt can be utilized to unravel the lifestyle factors associated with cognitive function.
to our knowledge , this is the first study to suggest an association between sun exposure and cognition.
the aim of this study was to examine the relation between ui and cognitive function among non-disabled middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling people.
we examined infants ' perception of the intonational characteristics of yes-no questions and declarative sentences in english.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of age on regional aortic pulse wave velocity ( apwv ) .
background : apwv is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and increases exponentially with age.
however , it is unclear whether such changes occur uniformly along the length of the aorta or vary by region.
cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging was performed at @number@ aortic levels.
unfortunately , paclitaxel is a p-glycoprotein substrate and has poor blood-brain barrier permeability , making it unsuitable for the treatment of human tauopathies.
moreover , we compared brain and plasma levels of the compounds after administration to mice.
finally , we assessed whether brain-penetrant compounds could stabilize mouse cns mts.
we found that several epothilones have significantly greater brain penetration than the taxanes.
this study investigated how aging compromises the control of saccades and eye-hand coordination when accuracy constraints and termination requirements of hand movement are altered.
seventeen older adults and seventeen young controls performed two-segment aiming movements.
the first segment had two target sizes to alter accuracy constraints.
compared to the young adults , the older adults produced hypometric primary saccades and delayed gaze fixation to the first target.
the older adults also modified eye movements less depending on the hand termination and accuracy requirements.
after pointing completion to the first target , the older adults maintained their gaze fixation to that target for a longer duration than young adults.
however , this prolonged gaze fixation was minimized when a hand termination was not required.
thus , older adults have difficulties in concurrent control of inhibiting hand movement and initiating eye movement at a target within a sequence.
taken together , it is suggested that aging reduces the ability to modify eye movements to meet various behavioral constraints imposed on manual aiming tasks.
adolescence is a critical age for addiction formation as a large percentage of pathological drug-seeking behaviors manifest during this time.
the extent to which the neurotoxic effects of drugs of abuse influence subsequent drug seeking behaviors and impulsivity is an understudied area of research.
striatal concentrations of meth and amph were also determined.
no significant behavioral responses to either meth pretreatment dose were observed for the d2 adolescent studies or either @number@ age group.
our results highlight the importance of the interactions of age , strain and meth dose on locomotor behavioral outcomes.
objective : to investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis in inhabitants aged @number@ years old and above from urban and rural areas in heilongjiang province.
methods : through multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods , residents aged @number@ years and above were selected.
all statistics were performed by spss13.0.
results : a total of @number@ residents were surveyed , which including @number@ males and @number@ female subjects.
the prevalence of osteoarthritis increased with aging both in men and women.
prevalence in @number@ - @number@ age group achieved the peak.
the prevalence rates became relatively low among those over the @number@ years old than expected.
conclusion : the prevalence of osteoarthritis was generally high in middle and old-aged people in heilongjiang province.
cluster , stratified and randomly selected sampling technique was used and a follow-up program was carried out in @number@
the state of activity was defined according to whether they could perform activities of daily life ( adl ) .
results : the study manifested that hypertensives were associated with the reduction of le , ale and ale / le compared to the normotensives.
le , ale and le / le among the hypertensives with cardio-cerebral vascular diseases were shorter than the hypertensives without the disease.
difference in ale / le was striking in people with virile senility.
conclusion : hypertension remarkably impacted the active life expectancy on senior citizens living in beijing , especially for elderly.
hypertensives with cardio-cerebral vascular diseases exerted further influence on active life expectancy , particularly among population of virile senility.
the finding underlined the tremendous importance of preventing high blood pressure and its complication.
objective : to explore the prevalence and its influencing factors on mental disorders in older people after falling in a community from guangzhou city.
another @number@ people over the age of @number@ had never fallen at the same time were selected as controls.
data was analyzed by classification tree and logistic regression analysis.
results : ies score showed that there were @percent@ older people suffering from ptsd after falling ( average score @time@ ± @number@ ) .
people who were at older age , with either bad eyesight or hearing , having had injury or decreased activity had higher scores.
people who did not have decreased activity or their ies score was nine or lower were protective factors.
conclusion : there had been a high incidence of mental disorders after falling among the elderly.
older age and decreased activity were the risk factors in this study.
methods : the data of prostate cancer cases were provided by the tianjin cancer registry.
and the join point @number@ software was used to analyze secular trends.
results : between @number@ and @number@ a total of @number@ prostate cancer cases were diagnosed in tianjin.
and the age-adjusted incidence rate was @number@.84 / 100 @number@ in @number@
the incidence of prostate cancer showed @number@ incremental stages during the 24-year period at an annual average of @percent@.
an aging trend was observed for prostate cancer patients.
the elder patients had a faster increment in incidence.
specifically , it increased annually at @percent@ for age group @number@ - @number@ year versus @percent@ for age group @number@ years or more.
conclusion : despite a low incidence of prostate cancer in tianjin , it is increasing at a fast rate.
the prevention and control of prostate cancer should be strengthened.
comparative microarray-based gene expression profiling was conducted on these cells and compared to the transcriptomes of human fetal liver and adult liver progenitors.
hlcs derived from hescs and human ipscs showed significant functional similarities , similar expression of genes important for liver physiology and common pathways.
however , specific differences between the @number@ cell types could be observed.
hlcs derived from hescs and human ipscs exhibited broad similarities but as well meaningful differences.
the findings may be vital to the refinement of protocols for the efficient derivation of functional patient-specific hlcs for regenerative and toxicology studies.
on the basis of these results , patients and their physicians independently rated the importance of each problem disclosed by the assessment.
whereas patients assessed the importance for their everyday lives , physicians assessed the importance for patients ' medical care and patients ' everyday lives.
results : each patient had a mean ± standard deviation of @number@ ± @number@ health problems.
thirty five patients disclosed a total of @number@ problems ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) were rated by patients and physicians.
in addition , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were rated by physicians as important for patients ' medical care.
conclusion : the low agreement on health and treatment priorities between patients and physicians necessitates better communication between the two parties to strengthen mutual understanding.
as us populations become increasing diverse , healthcare professionals are facing a heightened challenge to provide cross-cultural care.
qian model is highly adaptable to other cultural and ethnic groups in multicultural societies around the globe.
incorporating its framework into the current medical education may enhance cross-cultural clinical encounters.
however , due to neutral ph foaming , this method was not suitable for determinations in plasma or red blood cells with high protein content.
the low ph solves the foaming problem.
however , protonation of nitrite under acidic conditions facilitates the formation of s-nitrosothiols.
intracellular zn²⁺ concentration mainly increases through calcium-permeable channels and serves as zn²⁺ signal as well as extracellular zn²⁺ concentration.
hippocampal zn²⁺ signaling may participate in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation and cognitive function.
on the other hand , subclinical zinc deficiency is common in the old who might be more susceptible to depression.
zinc deficiency causes abnormal glucocorticoid secretion and increases depression-like behavior in animals.
neuropsychological symptoms are observed prior to the decrease in zn²⁺ signal in the hippocampus under zinc deficiency.
activity in the anterior mtl during repeated stimuli was inversely related to performance in post-scan associative recognition for the novel face-name pairs.
failure of response suppression to familiar information may be a sensitive marker of mtl dysfunction and memory impairment in aging and prodromal ad.
a novel gm / wm-based approach with a compact whole brain representation is introduced and applied to study the brain and perform neuroimage processing.
the mean ( normative ) gwr curves were employed to describe the normal brain and quantify aging and to illustrate pathology detection and characterization.
results : the mean gwr curves characterize the normal brain by only six , neuroanatomy-related numbers.
the regions with a significant gwr decline with age surround the ventricular system.
conclusion : the gwr-based analysis is useful to characterize normal brain , determine significant regions of interest , and quantify healthy aging.
this paper describes current biogerontology research in finland especially in the universities with professorships in gerontology / geriatrics.
the research activity of each institute and their international collaboration is briefly described with examples focused on recent publications in the field of biogerontology.
data were collected through telephone surveys of @number@ english-speaking immigrants in atlanta , ga.
contrary to current living arrangement patterns found among older immigrants , very few respondents preferred to move in with their children.
other preferences included \ "not moving \ " and \ "returning to india. \ "
variations in expectations of filial obligation , length of residence in the u.s. , and self-rated health were significantly associated with these preferences.
implications are discussed for building capacity within ethnic communities to address living arrangement preferences and their repercussions for caregiving in ethnic families and in communities.
at @number@ mm , scotchbond and fluroshield showed the lowest intrinsic fluorescence , but only scotchbond showed no chagnes in fluorescence with aging.
at both depths , scotchbond blocked significantly less fluorescence.
all sealing materials blocked more fluorescence when applied to a depth of @number@ mm.
at @number@ mm , fissure sealants blocked more fluorescence than adhesives , and did not show significant changes with aging.
however , because of the lack of research about the underlying molecular and signaling mechanisms , its efficiency had not been accepted universally.
appropriate treatment strategies in this age group are currently undefined since it is unclear whether the benefits of immunosuppression exceed the risks.
only peak serum creatinine before biopsy and the use of immunosuppression influenced progression to esrd.
there was no significant difference in the 1-year mortality rates between these groups ( @number@ vs @percent@ ; p = 0.3 ) .
objectives : after active antiretroviral therapy , children with hiv are clinically well , whereas psychosocial issues continue to influence their quality of life.
methods : a quantitative analysis of structured interviews was performed.
caregivers of children and adolescents with hiv infection in follow-up at @number@ reference centers for pediatric aids were enrolled.
results : forty-one families of children with hiv were enrolled.
body structures and functions were marginally impaired , whereas environmental factors and psychosocial issues had a relevant impact on quality of life.
most families considered environmental factors to be \ "barriers \ " ; these were poverty , unemployment , and single-parent family structure.
activity limitations and social restrictions were also reported in a few cases.
almost all parents reported problems in disclosing their child's hiv status because of the fear of social stigma.
conclusion : psychosocial issues are part of the well-being of children with hiv.
design : prospective observational study.
we applied a weibull multivariable regression.
these populations differed in terms of the distributions of sex , baseline cd4 cell count and death.
kaplan-meier survival estimates indicated that nonelderly patients had better survival than elderly patients ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : as antiretroviral treatment cohorts mature , the proportion of patients who are elderly will inevitably increase.
elderly patients may require focused clinical care that extends beyond hiv treatment.
purpose : dysfunction of pelvic floor may cause many different symptoms , such as urinary and anal incontinence , obstructed defecation and constipation.
no previous studies have examined all of these symptoms together.
methods : the study was performed on a general population of turkish women.
all symptoms were defined according to the standard terminology.
results : the median age of the participants was @number@ years ( range , 15-86 ) .
five hundred thirty women had delivered one child , @number@ women had delivered @number@ to @number@ children , and @number@ women had delivered ≥4 children.
overall , @percent@ of women experienced pelvic floor dysfunction of at least one major type.
analysis of risk factors demonstrated that age was the major factor associated with the development of pelvic floor dysfunction.
vaginal delivery and higher parity increased the risk of both urinary and defecatory symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction.
conclusion : the study data demonstrate that pelvic floor dysfunction is a common problem among women and it is strongly linked to childbirth and aging.
the number of surgeries for colorectal cancer in elderly patients is increasing in correspondence to japan's aging society.
it is important to evaluate the patient's condition in order to carry out operations safely.
in our experience , @percent@ of elderly patients had pre-operative complications.
respiratory and circulatory complications occurred more frequently after operations.
pre- and post-operative adequate management can help facilitate a safer operation.
if the operation is tolerable for the elderly patient , curative resection should be performed.
chemotherapy in elderly should be also evaluated by the patient's activities of daily living and the regimen of chemotherapy should be selected.
during the last @number@ years , the median survival time and 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer have improved significantly.
in recent years , two major factors have greatly contributed to improve the outcomes of treatment for esophageal cancer in japan.
the effectiveness and risk of surgical treatment , chemotherapy , radiotherapy and combination therapy for elderly patients with esophageal cancer will also become important.
care of elderly patients with esophageal cancer has relied on past experience.
now , clinical studies on elderly esophageal cancer must be improved.
in order to correct the influence of female age-related fertility , a different analysis was performed considering only women under @number@ years of age.
results : from a demographic point of view , male fertility started to decline at 35-39 years of age.
this decline is constant and follows an exponential pattern ( slope @number@ to @number@ ) .
male fertility showed a 21-23% annual decrease starting at the age of @number@
conclusion : an exponential decrease in human fertility which is independent of the woman's age was observed with male aging.
this decay is probably due to a downfall in male fecundity , closely related to a decline in sperm quality.
however , social or behavioral causes for this trend cannot be excluded.
tectal plate tumors are intrinsic midbrain tumors that behave more like hamartomas than neoplasms.
postulating that the presentation depends on the age of the affected patients , the authors reassessed the presentation of @number@ consecutive patients.
all patients presented with headache and papilledema.
four children younger than @number@ years presented with a short symptom interval , vomiting , and parinaud's syndrome.
the difference between groups was statistically significant.
tumor size was similar in the groups.
it is therefore concluded that the presentation of tectal plate tumors varies with age.
the fn upregulation of pkg-i protein content was due to increased mrna expression , determined by augmented transcriptional activity of the pkg-i promoter region.
akt and the transcription factor ccaat enhancer-binding protein ( c / ebp ) mediated the genesis of these changes.
fn also increased pkg-i in another type of contractile cell , rat vascular smooth muscle cells ( rvsmc ) .
the present results provide evidence of a mechanism able to increase pkg-i protein content in contractile cells.
elucidation of this novel mechanism provides a rationale for future pharmacotherapy in certain vascular diseases.
our objective was to determine whether the atrophic posterior ifc is differentially recruited for the processing of syntactically complex sentences in nonfluent ppa.
in controls , the posterior ifc showed more activity for syntactically complex sentences than simpler ones , as expected.
a more anterior inferior frontal region was recruited by patients , but did not support successful syntactic processing.
measurements : annually collected serum was assayed for e2 and fsh levels.
obesity attenuated the fsh rise and delayed the initial increase to @number@ yr before the fmp.
obesity , smoking behavior , and being chinese or japanese were associated with some variation in e2 levels but not the pattern of e2 change.
context : there is a controversy regarding the definition of vitamin d insufficiency as it relates to bone health.
setting : the study was conducted in independent-living women in the midwest united states.
main outcome measure : the relationship between serum 25ohd , serum pth , and serum osteocalcin and 24-h urine n-telopeptides was evaluated.
calcium absorption was not correlated with serum pth and serum 25ohd , and no threshold was found.
objective : to determine whether musculoskeletal pain was associated with impaired sexual function in a population sample of middle-aged and older men.
results : a total of @number@ men [ mean age @number@ ( sd @number@ ) yrs ] had complete data on pain status.
of these , @percent@ had cwp and @percent@ had \ "some pain. \ "
pain was associated with lower osf , and higher sfd and csf scores.
after adjustment for putative confounding factors , the associations became non-significant with osf and csf but persisted for sfd.
conclusion : musculoskeletal pain is associated with several aspects of sexual functioning.
background : loss of muscle mass with aging is a major public health concern.
omega-3 ( n-3 ) fatty acids stimulate protein anabolism in animals and might therefore be useful for the treatment of sarcopenia.
however , the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on human protein metabolism is unknown.
results : corn oil supplementation had no effect on the muscle protein synthesis rate and the extent of anabolic signaling element phosphorylation in muscle.
conclusion : omega-3 fatty acids stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
this trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as nct00794079.
methods : this study is based on the european social survey , round @number@ ( 2006-2007 ) , which covers @number@ countries.
results : social age deadlines for childbearing were perceived more frequently for women than men.
there is also considerable variability in deadlines across countries , as well as within them.
conclusions : it is important to understand the factors that increase and limit late fertility.
while biological factors condition fertility , so do social expectations.
these findings provide widespread evidence across europe that social limits exist alongside biological ones , though both sets of factors are more binding for women.
the results also reveal negligible or modest contributions of the biomarkers to educational disparities in the health outcomes.
however , several single-predictor models showed a predictive accuracy of mci conversion comparable to that of any multipredictor model.
in conclusion , short-term conversion to ad is predicted by single marker models to a comparable degree as by multimarker models in amnestic mci subjects.
introduction : despite high diabetes rates among canadian first nations people , little is known about their cardiovascular disease risk.
our aim was to describe the apolipoprotein profile with respect to cardiovascular risk in a canadian first nation community.
we assessed their cardiovascular risk factors.
the proportion of women with low apoa1 levels decreased with age , but the proportion with low high-density lipoprotein levels remained stable across age groups.
conclusion : apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in this first nation population suggest high cardiovascular risk.
future research should characterize the lipoprotein particle size in this population.
the caudal blocks were performed during ultrasonographic observation of the spread of local anesthetic ( la ) in the epidural space.
in neonates , @percent@ of the blocks reached a cranial level of ≥th12 vs @percent@ and @percent@ in infants and toddlers , respectively.
this paper explores how disabled adults and older people find and use information to help make choices about services.
it presents findings from a qualitative longitudinal study in england.
each disabled adult or older person was interviewed three times between @number@ and @number@ using a semi-structured topic guide.
they were asked to discuss a recent choice about services , focussing , amongst other things , on their use of information.
interviews were transcribed and coded , then charted according to emergent themes.
a wide range of choices and sources of information were discussed.
these were dominated by health and to some extent by social care.
timely access to information was also important , especially for people without the support of emergency or crisis management teams.
healthcare professionals were trusted sources of information but direct payment advisers appeared less so.
ensuring that practitioners are confident in their knowledge of direct payments , and have the communication skills to impart that knowledge , is essential.
migration of keratinocytes to re-epithelialize wounds is a key step in dermal wound healing.
in aged human skin , wound healing rates decrease and cellular damage by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) accumulates.
the relationship between age , ros and human skin keratinocyte migration is not clearly understood.
however , its contribution to other aspects of cutaneous biology is currently unclear.
although its expression in intact skin is well characterized , little is known about mif's role in cutaneous homoeostasis.
however , recent data do identify mif as a key player in the immune privilege of hair follicles.
the incidence of mitral regurgitation ( mr ) is rising as a result of an aging population worldwide.
however , the majority of patients with severe mr do not undergo surgery because of high perceived perioperative risk.
method : non-systematic literature review.
systems employing vr can include desktop and head-mounted visual displays among other devices.
thus far , published studies have described vr-based applications in the identification and treatment of deficits in navigational skills in ambulation and driving.
such investigations have thus far been small , and unblinded.
conclusions : vr-based applications can potentially offer more versatile , comprehensive , and safer assessments of function.
however , they also might be more expensive , complex and more difficult to use by elderly patients.
side effects of head-mounted visual displays include nausea and disorientation , but , have not been reported specifically in older subjects.
we analyzed the association between different types of leisure time activity at baseline and cognition more than @number@ years later.
a wide range of activities was included-political , mental , socio-cultural , social , physical , and organizational activities.
methods : baseline studies were random swedish samples aged 46-75 years ( mean @number@ ) ( n = 1643 ) interviewed in @number@ or @number@
activities were measured at baseline.
cognition was measured with items from the mini-mental state examination in @number@ @number@ or @number@
physical activities had a significant association with cognition only among women.
organizational activities were not significant when controlling for all covariates.
social activities had no significant association.
including all covariates and all leisure activities simultaneously , only mid-life political and mental activities remained significantly related to later life cognition.
the current study sought to identify baseline factors associated with treatment outcome in major depression , diagnosed according to dsm-iv criteria.
methods : data from the primary care research in substance abuse and mental health for the elderly ( prism-e ) study were utilized.
major depression was diagnosed according to dsm-iv criteria based on a structured interview at baseline and @number@ months.
the primary outcome was the absence of any dsm-iv depressive disorder at six-month follow-up.
results : remission occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients with completed follow-up assessments , while @number@ ( @percent@ ) did not remit.
this study examined mrna expression patterns for atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger-1 ( murf-1 ) before and @number@ hours after a resistance training bout.
muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained before and @number@ hours after exercise.
spearman's correlations were performed to examine relationships between gene expression patterns and hormone concentrations.
fold change in atrogin-1 and murf-1 @number@ hours postexercise revealed no significant differences between younger and older men.
differential baseline expression of murf- @date@ suggest a regulatory attempt by the aging transcriptome to accommodate changes necessary for homeostatic maintenance.
the age-related altered expression of neuron-related proteins as seen in other regions of the central nervous system is expected in the aging retina.
tau deposits were immunonegative with a phosphorylation-dependent antibody.
the proportion of patients displaying such α-synuclein and / or ubiquitin intracytoplasmic inclusions was significantly higher with aging.
the presence of ubiquitin deposits within drusen was remarkable , but diffuse ubiquitin aggregates between the retinal pigment epithelium and bruch membrane were also noticed.
the aim of the present review was to address what does measured blood pressure really mean and what are its determinants during the aging process.
for these measurements , there are currently sufficient clinical data showing their association with cardiovascular risk.
there is also the emergence of reference values and beneficial elements of regression by treatment.
the distribution of baseline characteristics among individuals with or without mris was not different.
clinical and laboratory information was collected and cac scores were measured using multi-detector computed tomography.
cerebral svd were independently assessed by @number@ raters who were unaware of the cac scores.
the prevalence of cac ( cac > 0 ) was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
conclusions : this study documents significant associations between cac and cerebral svds.
the findings suggest that svds in the brain and cac in the heart may develop under similar systemic pathogenic processes.
background : micrornas ( mirnas ) are endogenous small rnas that are 21-25 nucleotides in length.
recently , plasma mirnas have been reported to be sensitive and specific biomarkers of various tissue injuries and pathological conditions.
the goal of this study was to assess plasma mirna profiles and to identify plasma mirnas that are differentially expressed in patients with heart failure.
methods and results : a total of @number@ patients with ischemic heart diseases and @number@ asymptomatic controls were recruited.
plasma concentrations of mir-126 were negatively correlated with age and logbnp.
in @number@ patients with heart failure , plasma concentrations of mir-126 were up-regulated with improvement of the nyha class from iv to iii.
conclusions : the plasma concentration of mir-126 was negatively correlated with age and nyha class , and could be a useful biomarker for heart failure.
the effect of age , gender , and refractive error on various onh parameters were also studied.
neither gender nor refractive error showed any significant difference in various onh parameters.
conclusions : the quantitative measurement of onh topography obtained with this study provides a normative database for an indian population with spectral oct / slo.
as optic disc area influences onh topography , disc size should to be considered when evaluating optic disc for progressive optic neuropathies such as glaucoma.
while animal data suggest a protective effect of caffeine on cognition , studies in humans remain inconsistent.
caffeine intake was determined according to self-reported coffee , tea , and cola consumption at baseline.
dementia was diagnosed in @number@ men ( including @number@ ad , @number@ vad ) , and cognitive impairment in @number@
in an aging world , maintaining good health and independence for as long as possible is essential.
study design : cross-sectional survey.
population-based , face-to-face interview with @number@ women aged 15-49 years recruited by random sampling in cities of hong kong , pakistan and thailand.
regression analysis measured the impact of premenstrual symptoms and sociodemographic factors on adl.
results : premenstrual physical and mental symptom domains had similar negative effects on adl.
adl were predominantly affected by premenstrual symptom severity.
oral contraceptive pill users and women living in pakistan reported less impact on adl , while married women report more impact of symptoms on adl.
objective : this paper aims to explore women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms in three asian countries and the factors affecting the prevalence of these symptoms.
study design : cross-sectional survey.
a sample of @number@ women aged 15-49 years were recruited by random sampling in hong kong , pakistan and thailand.
main outcome measures the interviewer used a questionnaire with a checklist of @number@ premenstrual symptoms , sociodemographic and lifestyle variables.
results : the most prevalent symptoms were joint , muscle and back pain , cramps , abdominal pain and breast tenderness.
the severity of symptoms was directly proportional to duration ( months affected ) ( r = @number@ ) .
there were also differences between countries for certain symptoms.
conclusions : physical symptoms are an important component of premenstrual syndromes.
these have been shown to be psychobiological in nature.
further analysis will examine the impact on the quality of life and the relationship with existing classificatory systems.
cross-sectional estimates of age-related changes in brain structure and function were compared with 6-y longitudinal estimates.
the results indicated increased sensitivity of the longitudinal approach as well as qualitative differences.
critically , the cross-sectional analyses were suggestive of age-related frontal overrecruitment , whereas the longitudinal analyses revealed frontal underrecruitment with advancing age.
the cross-sectional observation of overrecruitment reflected a select elderly sample.
however , when followed over time , this sample showed reduced frontal recruitment.
determinants of functional balance and mobility have rarely been investigated in geriatric wards.
this study examined if leg muscle strength correlates to functional balance and mobility among geriatric inpatients.
fifty inpatients , @number@ women and @number@ men ( mean age @number@ years ) were included.
estimated values of the bbs and the covs can be calculated from the equation.
aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are associated with declines in the visual perception of self-movement that undermine navigation and independent living.
we studied @number@ subjects ' heading direction and speed discrimination using the radial patterns of visual motion in optic flow.
aging and ad were associated with poorer heading and speed perception at lower temporal periodicity , with smaller effects of spatial texture.
ad patients were particularly impaired by motion incoherence created by adding randomly moving dots to the optic flow.
we conclude that visual motion processing is impaired by distinct mechanisms in aging and the transition to ad , implying distinct neural mechanisms of impairment.
to carry out realistic in vitro mechanical testing on anatomical tissue , a choice has to be made regarding the buffering environment.
therefore , it is important to understand how the environment may influence the measurement to ensure the highest level of accuracy.
the most physiologically relevant loading direction of tendon is along its longitudinal axis.
an atomic force microscope technique was used for tensile testing of individual collagen fibrils.
the several-fold increases in the number of dyrk1a-positive and 3r-tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles in ds support this hypothesis.
introduction : the relationship between erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and depressive symptoms is well established.
however , this relationship is not well explored in men with prostate cancer.
aim : to determine if ed is associated with depressive symptoms in men with prostate cancer.
erectile function was measured with one question from the fact-p similar to that used by the massachusetts male aging study.
methods : men with prostate cancer , and naïve of hormone treatment , completed the study questionnaires at a single time point.
results : the average age of the @number@ men was 67±10 years.
the average time since diagnosis was @number@.9±3 years.
on univariate analysis , erectile function and depression were associated , r = -0.12 , p < 0.05.
on multivariate analysis , erectile function remained a significant predictor of depression , beta = -0.10 , p < 0.05.
early efforts have established the fundamental role of hif in vhl-defective tumorigenesis and in particular renal cell carcinoma.
however , recent findings have revealed an alternate side to the story , the hif-independent tumour suppressor functions of pvhl.
to what extent these hif-dependent and hif-independent functions cooperate in vhl-defective tumorigenesis remains to be determined.
prior to , and following , lma insertion , the position and depth of the vessels , and time to locate them were recorded.
all measurements were taken at the level of the cricoid cartilage in a neutral head position in the spontaneously breathing patient during expiration.
the anatomic relationship changed in 10 / 120 ( @percent@ ) following insertion of the lma.
similar measurements were taken on the left side [ @number@ ( ± @number@ ) cm and @number@ ( ± @number@ ) cm ] .
the diameter as well as the depth of the ijv increased with the age and weight of the patient.
it supports the need for using ultrasound-guided techniques for ijv cannulation following lma insertion in spontaneously breathing children.
cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass imposes a significant pathophysiologic burden on patients.
standard anticoagulation does not completely inhibit thrombin generation , and continuous consumption of coagulation factor continues throughout bypass.
conventional measurements of anticoagulation during bypass poorly reflect this incomplete anticoagulation , and alternate methods may improve anticoagulant therapy.
infant leukaemia is an embryonal disease in which the underlying mll translocations initiate in utero.
zebrafish offer unique potential to understand how mll impacts haematopoiesis from the earliest embryonic timepoints and how translocations cause leukaemia as an embryonal process.
maternally supplied transcripts were detected at 0-2 hpf.
haematopoietic tissue expression validates using zebrafish for mll haematopoiesis and leukaemia models.
in mammals seven sirtuin genes - sirt1 to sirt7 - have been identified.
polyphenols , especially resveratrol , influence sirtuins.
existing evidence on these nutritional compounds , as they relate to the sirtuin system , is reviewed.
in western countries , the total number of elderly patients with colorectal cancer is expected to increase in the future.
however , this article shows that older and younger patients with metastatic colorectal cancer appeared to derive similar survival benefit from bevacizumab treatment.
careful selection of patients and monitoring of treatment effects are required to optimize use of the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab in older patients.
osteoporosis and atherosclerosis seem to be epidemiologically correlated.
the burden of cardiovascular events and of osteoporotic fracture is considerable for the health care system in term of costs and resources.
however , both diseases are rarely managed together.
this article is a review of the recent studies in this new field.
in the u.s. , cancer is a disease of aging.
objectives / hypothesis : determine if there might be an increase in the workload for head and neck surgery based on an aging population.
study design : cross-sectional analysis of a national database.
the surgical workload burden was assessed in @number@ and projected to @number@ based on the predicted changes in procedure rates and resource-based relative value scale.
both the hnsp rate and projected rvus increase approximate @percent@.
conclusions : based on national health statistics and us census data we can anticipate a substantial increase in the workload for head and neck surgeons.
efforts should be directed at assessing manpower requirements in head and neck surgery based on the impact of an aging us population.
objective : to analyze the relationship of genetic and mechanical factors with age of onset of knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
obesity ( bmi≥ @number@ ) was a high risk factor for knee oa ( p < @number@ ) .
to analyze the bmi distribution , the two groups were subgrouped by age with 5-year interval.
the bmi in early-onset patients was lower than that in the late-onset patients ( f = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
however , there was no significant difference in the control subgroups.
frequencies of the gdf5 and aspn alleles distributed differently between the early- and late-onset patients ( p < @number@ ) .
dementia affects about @percent@ of people age @number@ years and older.
identification of dementia is particularly difficult in its early phases when family members and physicians often incorrectly attribute the patient's symptoms to normal aging.
a variety of powerful techniques that have allowed visualization of organ structure and function with exact detail have been introduced in the last twenty-five years.
radiotracer-based functional imaging provides a sensitive means of recognizing and characterizing the regional changes in brain metabolism and receptor binding associated with cognitive disorders.
the next functional imaging technique widely used in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders is single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) .
new radiotracers are being developed and promise to expand further the list of indications for pet.
prospects for developing new tracers for imaging other organ diseases also appear to be very promising.
in this review , we present current opportunities of neuroimaging techniques in the diagnosis and differentiation of neurodegenerative disorders.
mental disorders in the elderly often influence their social and physical wellbeing.
the psychotherapeutic group \ "@number@ plus \ " provides a supportive group intervention for physically and psychically impaired patients in their second half of life.
an evaluation of @number@ patients who participated in this group intervention showed a significant improvement of depression , psychosocial burdens and somatization.
atherosclerosis and its associated complications remain the primary cause of death in humans.
molecular evidence derived from genetic techniques indicates atherosclerotic lesions may begin to form as arterial repair fails , rather than merely following arterial injury.
thus , chronic arterial injury may overwhelm the ability of epcs to maintain arterial homeostasis , particularly when epcs capable of arterial repair become exhausted.
most of the genes identified by using non-biased genomic techniques are associated with inflammation , immune response and stem cells.
this review focuses on new genetic data in the field of atherosclerosis and arterial homeostasis.
demographic corrections for cognitive tests should improve classification accuracy by reducing age or education biases , but empirical support has been equivocal.
for most neuropsychological tests , the dementia classification accuracy of raw and demographically corrected scores was equivalent.
the assessment of suspected dementia often involves the analysis of change scores from neuropsychological tests administered on two occasions.
frequently , no information is available to allow the significance of a change to be evaluated.
the test was found to be sensitive to the effects of aging and was well tolerated by our sample of older adults.
test-retest data with a 1-year interval were used to estimate reliability coefficients and to calculate reliable change indices useful for evaluating persons with suspected dementia.
here we give an overview of the past and ongoing research in the biology of ageing in spain.
some of the main topics being investigated are those related to oxidative stress and aging.
one of the main findings is the implication of mitochondria in the age-associated oxidative stress.
finally , molecular biologists have found new age-associated genes by showing changes in longevity of genetically manipulated mice.
increasing human health and longevity is of global interest.
environmental , genetic , and stochastic factors all affect longevity.
among these factors , the environment is extremely important.
air was analyzed for negative oxygen ions , so2 , and inhalable particles , while drinking water and rice were analyzed for macro- and micro-elements.
the air quality in this area was determined to be grade i with high negative oxygen ion content and low so2 and inhalable particle contents.
apart from fe , mn , and f , all tested elements and the ph were within national standards and world health organization guidelines.
the percentage of long-lived people in the area was closely related to the macro- and micro-element contents of their staple food , rice.
in this paper experimental gerontology in italy is reviewed on the basis of research developed in academic and non academic centres.
there are several groups across italy working actively on basic science of aging producing high impact papers with a significant contribution to biogerontology.
some distinguished italian scientist working abroad is also mentioned.
interesting issues on longevity and interventions on aging ( including caloric restriction ) and on aging brain are quoted.
anesthesia-related postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) leads to morbidity in the elderly.
lipid peroxidative byproducts ( i.e. acrolein ) accumulate in aging and may play a role.
sevoflurane , an inhaled anesthetic , sequesters acrolein and enhances the formation of a serotonin-derived melanoid ( sdm ) .
sdm may be a biologically relevant polymeric melanoid that we previously showed exhibits redox activity and disrupts lipid bilayers.
in this study , we examined the toxicity of sdm in cell culture and looked at protection using l-carnosine.
sdm brought about morphological changes to differentiated sh-sy5y cells , particularly to neuronal processes.
co- but not pre-treatment with l-carnosine protected differentiated sh-sy5y cells exposed to sdm.
our mechanism suggests focal sevoflurane-induced sequestration of age-related acrolein leading to sdm synthesis and neuronal impairment , which is prevented by l-carnosine.
the purpose of the study was to examine predictors of the leg hemodynamic response to exercise in middle- and older-aged men and women.
these findings suggest that factors besides chronological age mediate exercising leg hemodynamics in middle-aged to older adults and that these factors are sex-specific.
the cost impact of shorter hospital stays was offset by the increasing cost per day of hospitalization.
hospitalizations for hip fractures were comparatively stable ( @percent@ in women and @percent@ in men ) .
evaluation of potential candidates for testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) includes a complete medical history , physical examination , and hormonal screening.
the choice of testosterone assay is important in clinical decision making.
trt should , in theory , approximate natural endogenous production of the hormone.
there is no apparent association between trt and the development of prostate cancer.
rtg4510 transgenic ( tg ) mice overexpress mutant ( p301l ) human tau protein.
astrocytes become increasingly filled with glial filaments as tg mice age , and microglial cells almost always contain phagocytic inclusions.
however , no glial cells are seen to contain tau in their cytoplasm.
these observations add to the base of knowledge available on this commonly employed model of tauopathy.
elderly patients ( age ≥ @number@ years ) with hypertension are at high risk for vascular complications , especially when diabetes is present.
antihypertensive drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system have been shown to be effective for controlling blood pressure in adult and elderly patients.
the collective data suggest that telmisartan is a promising drug for controlling hypertension and reducing vascular risk in high-risk elderly patients with new-onset diabetes.
docetaxel remains a cornerstone of therapy for the patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) .
interestingly , cabazitaxel bears substantial structural similiarity to docetaxel but appears to be mechanistically distinct.
in preclinical studies , the agent has antitumor activity in a variety of docetaxel-refractory in vitro and in vivo models.
this review describes in detail the preclinical and clinical development of cabazitaxel.
heart failure is a common and disabling condition with morbidity and mortality that increase dramatically with advancing age.
despite the available evidence about beta-blockers , this therapy is still less frequently used in elderly compared to younger patients.
moreover , nebivolol appears to be significantly cost-effective when prescribed in these patients.
however , further targeted studies are needed to better define the efficacy as well as safety profile in frail and older patients with comorbid diseases.
the ethical dimension of treating the elderly , including risk-benefit analysis , focuses mainly on quality of life and end-of-life issues.
these include arguments on advance directives and the concept of extraordinary treatments.
it is the way society moves to understand the value-laden choices on aging that directs the goals of treatment and research.
in this report , we describe the case of an 83-year-old patient with severe systolic heart failure complicated by aortic valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation.
it is important to carefully administer beta-blocker therapy to elderly patients with heart failure , especially after considering cardiac output.
ribe manifests itself by intercellular communication from irradiated cells to non-irradiated cells which may cause dna damage and eventual death in these bystander cells.
however , very little is known about radiation-induced bystander effect in hsc.
then conditioned medium was collected and transferred to non-irradiated hsc for time course studies.
in addition , irradiated hmsc were labeled with a vital cmra dye and co-cultured with non-irradiated bystander hmsc.
a lack of robust ribe was also demonstrated in hmsc co-cultured with irradiated cells ( p > 0.05 ) .
introduction : the incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing worldwide.
we aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe ckd and its risk factors in the region.
methods : questionnaire data and blood samples were collected from @number@ participants ( ≥18 years old ) from the general population.
based on serum creatinine levels , glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) was estimated.
men were at lower risk of ckd-s3-5 than women ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
the association persisted for self-reported hypertension even after adjustments for bmi and history of diabetes ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.77-4.59 ) .
conclusion : a considerable proportion of inhabitants in golestan have ckd-s3-5.
screening of individuals with major risk factors of ckd , in order to early detection and treatment of impaired renal function , may be plausible.
further studies on optimal risk prediction of future end-stage renal disease and effectiveness of any screening program are warranted.
however , how pink1 and parkin regulate mitochondrial activity is largely unknown.
here we report that a pink1-binding mitochondrial protein , pgam5 , modulates the pink1 pathway.
however , dpgam5 inactivation fails to modulate the phenotypes of parkin mutant flies.
conversely , ectopic expression of dpgam5 exacerbated the dpink1 and drosophila parkin ( dparkin ) phenotypes.
millions of blood products are transfused every year ; many lives are thus directly concerned by transfusion.
the three main labile blood products used in transfusion are erythrocyte concentrates , platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma.
each of these products has to be stored according to its particular components.
however , during storage , modifications or degradation of those components may occur , and are known as storage lesions.
this paper will review key elements that have to be taken into account in the context of proteomic-based biomarker discovery applied to blood banking.
background : physical performance often declines in middle age , but it is unclear to what extent this is due to biological aging.
we also analyzed the responses of @number@ marathon and half-marathon runners to a questionnaire about sports , lifestyle , and health.
results : no significant age-related decline in performance appears before age @number@
our survey also revealed that more than @percent@ of the 50- to 69-year-old runners had started their marathon training only in the past @number@ years.
conclusion : performance losses in middle age are mainly due to a sedentary lifestyle , rather than biological aging.
study design : systematic review.
objective : to systematically review evidence on aging of the body systems after spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
setting : toronto , ontario and vancouver , british columbia , canada.
methods : electronic databases ( medline / pubmed , cinahl , embase and psycinfo ) , were searched for studies published between @number@ and @number@
the search was augmented by reviewing the reference lists of relevant papers.
non-intervention studies that were longitudinal or cross-sectional with able-bodied controls that were at minimum matched on chronological age were included for review.
levels of evidence were assigned to the study design using a modified sackett scale.
results : of the @number@ studies selected for inclusion , @number@ were longitudinal in design.
only a few level @number@ and @number@ studies for the respiratory system were found.
the evidence on the nervous system does not provide evidence of premature aging as a result of sci.
conclusions : premature aging appears to occur in some systems after sci.
additional longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
the expression of the ink4a-arf-ink4b gene cluster is silenced by polycomb during normal cell growth and is activated by oncogenic insults and during aging.
how the polycomb is recruited to repress this gene cluster is unclear.
finally , rna immunoprecipitation demonstrates that anril binds to suz12 in vivo.
collectively , these results suggest a model in which anril binds to and recruits prc2 to repress the expression of p15 ( ink4b ) locus.
atrophic vaginitis is a common finding in women with low estrogen states.
many women believe their symptoms are expected signs of aging.
nps can provide therapeutic options to improve vaginal health and quality of life.
this article reviews physiology , clinical manifestations , signs , symptoms , and treatment methods for atrophic vaginitis.
we report here the development of a face discrimination test , in which both response times ( rts ) and accuracies are measured.
results are compared for young and older control subjects and older adults with amd to determine the factors underlying performance on this test.
methods : subjects were @number@ older controls , @number@ young adult controls , and @number@ individuals with binocular amd.
on each trial , subjects reported which reference face matched the test face ( shown with different poses and / or expressions ) .
in addition , the older controls then identified the expression on the test face.
they tended to show shorter rts ( but no changes in accuracy ) with repeated presentations of the same face.
the young controls responded more quickly , and they made almost no mistakes.
although performance varied , as a group , those with amd were slower and showed more errors in identification than the older controls did.
across all subjects , both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity contributed significantly to the variances in rts and accuracy.
conclusions : the group of older controls had poorer and more variable rts and accuracies than the young controls.
difficulties in face matching , in terms of both accuracy and rt , were observed for subjects with amd.
performance accuracy and rts for this new test depended on both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
purpose of review : both arthritis and foot pain are major public health problems.
approximately @percent@ of adults have foot ailments , and the prevalence increases with age.
foot pain , particularly related to shoes , footwear and rheumatic disorders , may be an important modifiable factor.
surprisingly , this topic has received little attention in the rheumatology community.
this review highlights the current understanding on the topic of foot orthotics and footwear in adults with rheumatic diseases.
summary : biomechanical evidence indicates that foot orthotics and specialized footwear may change muscle activation and gait patterns to reduce joint loading.
emerging evidence suggests that orthotics , specific shoe types and footwear interventions may provide an effective nonsurgical intervention in rheumatic diseases.
yet good data are sparse , and it is premature to recommend guidelines.
sensory neuropathy is associated with substantial long-term disability and frequently requires management with analgesics.
elevated serum triglycerides ( trgs ) are associated with an increased risk for sensory neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.
however , the contribution of htrg to sensory neuropathy in hiv has not been carefully evaluated.
design : prospective , comparative , single-center , cross-sectional cohort study.
methods : clinical correlates of sensory neuropathy were assessed in hiv-positive and hiv-negative participants.
results : of @number@ hiv patients ( median age @number@ years ; @percent@ on cart ) , @percent@ had sensory neuropathy ; @percent@ were symptomatic.
conclusions : elevated triglyceride levels increased the risk for hiv-sensory neuropathy in hiv-positive individuals independently of other known risk factors.
traditional trauma fellowships have now transitioned into surgical critical care or acute care surgery ( trauma , surgical critical care , emergency surgery ) fellowships.
quantitative-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) is widely used to measure lv functional parameters.
however , systematic differences may exist between referred populations.
we sought to derive sex-specific normal values for lv functional parameters obtained using two quantitative methods.
had cardiac diseases or experienced cardiac events during 1-year follow-up.
results : there was excellent intrareader and interreader reproducibility for both qgs and 4d-mspect algorithms.
the differences in lv volumes and ef between the software packages were small.
high prevalence of small heart was noted in the study population , especially in women ( > 60% ) .
volumetric measures were significantly greater ( p < 0.001 ) in men than in women , even after adjustment for body surface area.
women had a higher lv ef than men when using qgs methods , but not when using the 4d-mspect method.
compared with 4d-mspect , sex remained significantly associated with ef determined by qgs methods , independent of age and body weight.
conclusion : lv functional parameters determined by means of gated 201tl spect need to be corrected for sex and algorithms.
separate reference values of lv ef and volumes need to be applied in both women and men depending on the software package used.
the relation between fibrosis and electrophysiological parameters such as conduction , fractionation of electrograms , abnormal impulse initiation as well as arrhythmogenicity is discussed.
next to the amount of fibrosis , we offer data suggesting that collagen texture too plays a role in conduction slowing and arrhythmia vulnerability.
data are shown revealing that fibrosis can also be induced by reduced sodium channel and connexin43 expression.
although we do not know everything about aging , we now know enough to start its pharmacologic suppression using clinically approved drugs.
aging turns out to be driven by sensing-signaling pathways ( such as the mtor pathway ) .
by itself this will answer some burning questions in gerontology.
background : some executive functions may be selectively impaired in normal aging over and above the general cognitive decline.
we compared their relationships to each other and to other cognitive functions including attention , psychomotor speed and working memory.
these findings were independent of other cognitive functions.
conclusions : conditional exclusion shows an age-related pattern of impairment distinct from inhibition and abstraction.
we propose that in healthy well-functioning individuals , it taps processes integrating task set establishment and shifting in context of accumulating information.
schizophrenia and related disorders have a major genetic component.
elevated follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) activity is proposed to directly cause bone loss independent of estradiol deficiency in aging women.
no detectable fsh receptor mrna in mouse bone or cultured osteoblasts or osteoclasts indicated that fsh did not directly stimulate bone.
cognitive dysfunction and memory loss are common features of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
notably , such improvements occur without changes in aβ and tau pathology , and instead are linked to an increased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
background : the production of erythropoietin is triggered by impaired oxygen delivery to the kidney , either because of anemia or hypoxemia.
high erythropoietin levels have been shown to predict the risk of death among patients with chronic heart failure.
we investigated the prognostic value of elevated erythropoietin levels on mortality among very elderly people in the general population.
erythropoietin levels were determined at age @number@
for this analysis , we included @number@ participants with a creatinine clearance of at least @number@ ml / min.
mortality data , recorded until @date@ , @number@ were obtained from the municipal registry.
results : during follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died.
sirt1 deacetylates foxo1 and enables activation of foxo1 transcription in multiple systems.
the functional consequences of the interactions between foxo1 and sirt1 remain incompletely understood.
luciferase promoter assays demonstrate that foxo1 directly activates sirt1 promoter activity and that both the irs-1 and fkhd-l enable foxo1-dependent sirt1 transcription.
electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that foxo1 binds to the irs-1 and fkhd-l sites of the sirt1 promoter.
thus , endogenous foxo1 is a positive transcriptional regulator of sirt1.
conversely , sirt1 promotes foxo1-driven sirt1 autotranscription through interacting with and deacetylating foxo1.
moreover , resveratrol , a plant polyphenol activator of sirt1 , increases foxo1-dependent sirt1 transcription activity and thus induces its expression.
these findings suggest that positive feedback mechanisms regulate foxo1-dependent sirt1 transcription and indicate a previously unappreciated function for foxo1.
this signaling network may coordinate multiple pathways acting upon immune , inflammatory , regenerative , and metabolic processes.
the abbreviated barcelona test ( a-bt ) is an instrument widely used in spain and latin american countries for general neuropsychological assessment.
the purpose of the present study was to provide new norms for the a-bt as part of the neuronorma project.
the sample consisted of @number@ healthy controls.
overlapping cell procedure and midpoint techniques were applied to develop the normative data.
age , education , and sex influences were studied.
results indicated that although age and education affected the score on this test , sex did not.
raw scores were transformed to age-adjusted scaled scores ( ss ( a ) ) based on percentile ranks.
these ss ( a ) were also converted into age-education scaled scores using a linear regression model.
norms were presented on age-education scaled scores.
also , the a-bt cognitive profile was presented and should prove to be clinically useful for interpretation.
these co-normed data will allow clinicians to compare scores from a-bt with all the tests included in the neuronorma project.
gene-specific promoter methylation of several genes occurs in aging normal tissues and may predispose to tumorigenesis.
subjects were enrolled in a multicenter chemoprevention trial of aspirin or folic acid for the prevention of large bowel adenomas.
we collected @number@ biopsy specimens from @number@ patients , @number@ samples from the right colon and @number@ from the rectum at the follow-up colonoscopy.
we measured dna methylation of estrogen receptor alpha ( erα ) and secreted frizzled related protein-1 ( sfrp1 ) , using bisulfite pyrosequencing.
we used generalized estimating equations regression analysis to examine the association between methylation and selected variables.
for both erα and sfrp1 , percentage methylation was significantly higher in the rectum than in the right colon ( p = @number@ ) .
african americans had a significantly lower level of erα and sfrp1 methylation than caucasians and hispanics.
our results suggest that cgi methylation in normal colorectal mucosa is related to advancing age , race , rectal location , and rbc folate levels.
in the present study , we examined whether perceptual learning methods can be used to improve performance of older individuals.
subjects performed a texture discrimination task in the peripheral visual field and a letter discrimination task in central vision.
the soa threshold was derived by presenting a mask following the stimuli.
the experimental group showed significant improvement in the task as a result of training whereas the older control group showed no significant improvement.
the improved performance post-training equaled that of a younger control group and was maintained for at least @number@ months.
as hypothesized , prevalence of sa-mci exceeded that of ma-mci.
further , the ma-mci groups showed lower baseline cognitive and functional performance and steeper cognitive decline compared with control and sa-mci group.
results are discussed with reference to retest effects and clinical implications.
previous research on the physical health consequences of childhood abuse and other adversities has been based on data from young or middle-aged adults.
depressive symptoms were assessed by the center for epidemiological studies depression scale.
abuse was associated with heightened il-6 and tnf-α levels ; for tnf-α , this relationship was magnified in caregivers compared with controls.
moreover , abuse and caregiving status were associated significantly and independently with higher levels of depressive symptoms.
conclusions : adverse childhood events are related to continued vulnerability among older adults , enhancing the impact of chronic stressors.
childhood adversities cast a very long shadow.
fructose is a hexose sugar that is being increasingly consumed in its monosaccharide form.
patients who exhibit fructose malabsorption can present with gastrointestinal symptoms that include chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain.
the major transporter for fructose in intestinal epithelial cells is thought to be the facilitative transporter glut5.
thus there is a dose-dependent and limited absorption capacity even in healthy individuals.
changes in fructose malabsorption with age have been observed in human infants , and this may parallel the developmental regulation of glut5 expression.
moreover , a glut5 knockout mouse has displayed the hallmarks associated with profound fructose malabsorption.
fructose malabsorption appears to be partially modulated by the amount of glucose ingested.
understanding the relative roles of these transporters in humans will be crucial for establishing a mechanistic basis for fructose malabsorption in gastrointestinal patients.
background : the ability of the sensory organization test ( sot ) to detect subtle balance problems has been challenged.
the head-shake sensory organization test ( hs-sot ) has been developed to improve the delineation of balance performance.
design : a test-retest design was used in this observational measurement study.
seventy-seven of them ( @number@ younger adults , @number@ older adults ) underwent the same assessments @number@ to @number@ weeks later.
older adults attained significantly lower scores in both hs-sot conditions than their younger peers.
the corresponding minimal detectable change values for the former were @number@ and @number@ and those for the latter were @number@ and @number@
limitations : only head rotation movements on the horizontal plane were tested.
conclusions : adding head movements to the sot increased the separation of younger adults who were healthy and older adults who were healthy.
this is the first such study conducted with american indians.
cultural factors included measures of cultural identity and traditional healing practices.
results : seventeen percent of our sample reported being caregivers.
only in the northern plains did we find that speaking some native language at home was associated with increased odds of being a caregiver.
examination of interaction terms indicated some sex differences in the association between cultural factors and caregiving in the northern plains but not in the southwest.
implications : our findings indicate that greater cultural identity and engagement in traditional healing practices are related to caregiving in american indian populations.
caregiving research , intervention efforts , and caregiving programs and services in native communities should pay special attention to the dynamics of culture and caregiving.
the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) gene is a candidate genetic locus for coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
studies investigating the relationship between the ace-insertion / deletion ( i / d ) gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction ( mi ) have been inconsistent.
the authors hypothesized that age may be an important modulating factor in this relationship.
all participants were french descendants from quebec city , canada.
similar observations were obtained versus the healthy elderly men ( p < @number@ ) .
thrombopoiesis was assumed to be the same in hvs and patients , whereas platelets degraded more rapidly in patients.
a mixture model was used , with nonresponders accounting for @percent@ of the patients.
doses can be titrated at 2-week intervals ( or longer ) to achieve target pltc.
growing evidence implicates aberrant lipid signaling in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
pld produces phosphatidic acid ( pa ) , a bioactive lipid involved in multiple aspects of cell physiology , including signaling and membrane trafficking processes.
aβ fails to suppress long-term potentiation in pld2-deficient hippocampal slices , suggesting that pld2 is required for the synaptotoxic action of this peptide.
furthermore , pld2 ablation rescues memory deficits and confers synaptic protection in swapp mice despite a significant aβ load.
ms-based lipid analysis of pld2 mutant brains in the presence or absence of the swapp transgene unmasks striking crosstalks between different pa species.
this lipid analysis shows an exquisite acyl chain specificity and plasticity in the perturbation of pa metabolism.
context : pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas ( ppgls ) are diagnosed earlier in patients with hereditary than sporadic disease.
whether other factors influence age at diagnosis is unclear.
objective : we examined ages at which ppgls were diagnosed according to different catecholamine phenotypes and locations of tumors.
design & setting : retrospective multicenter study.
patients : patients with ppgls included @number@ with and @number@ without identified germline mutations or hereditary syndromes.
results : patients with epinephrine-producing tumors were diagnosed @number@ yr later ( p < @number@ ) than those with tumors lacking appreciable epinephrine production.
different optimal age cut-offs for mutation testing are indicated for patients with and without epinephrine-producing tumors ( 44-49 vs. 30-35 yr , respectively ) .
our objective was to elucidate the clinical correlates of conversion to dementia in a longitudinal population-based sample.
poor retrieval was the sole predictor of conversion to dementia over @number@ years.
this finding suggests that patients with impaired retrieval are at greater risk for progression to dementia at follow-up.
adequate intakes of a number of nutrients are recognized to be problematic in traditional complementary feeding regimens in developing societies.
aim : to determine the contribution of the complementary feeding nutrients to the estimated total nutrient intake in guatemalan infants.
additional information on early introduction of pre- and post-lacteal feeds and on first foods and beverages was included.
human milk intakes were estimated by a model based on assumptions regarding satisfaction of weight-based daily energy needs by the combined diet.
the @number@ who / fao recommended nutrient intakes were used as the standard for adequate nutrient consumption.
results : we observed that exclusive breastfeeding up to @number@ month is rare.
mean nutrient intakes and densities were above recommended intakes for all nutrients examined , except calcium , iron and zinc.
intakes of most nutrients were greater from the complementary feeding component of the diet.
vitamin a intake was excessive due to consumption of fortified sugar.
conclusions : we conclude that intakes of most micronutrients were near recommendation levels , unusual within the complementary feeding experience in scientific literature.
calcium , iron and zinc were identified as \ "problem nutrients \ " as persistently reported in developing countries.
these paradigms stimulate automatic versus controlled triggering of saccades.
the average saccade latency ( measured by video-oculography ) was longer in the elderly , and irrespectively of the condition.
however , the elderly as the young subjects produced shorter latencies in the gap condition than in the overlap condition.
the occurrence rate of such saccades was similar in the young and the elderly subjects.
in another ongoing study , this methodology has been applied to patients with lewy body dementia.
the preliminary results from three patients showed an abnormal slowness of latencies , even in the gap condition expected to promote automatic and reflex saccades.
furthermore , we observed a total absence of saccades with express latency.
these promising results suggest a deficit even for automatic and express saccades in these patients.
the intrauterine environment is a major contributor to normal physiological growth and development of an individual.
disturbances at this critical time can affect the long-term health of the offspring.
low birth weight individuals have strong correlations with increased susceptibility to type @number@ diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later-life.
animal models have shown that environmentally induced intrauterine growth restriction increases the risk of a variety of diseases later in life.
these detrimental features are also observed in high birth weight offspring from mothers who were obese or consumed a high fat diet during gestation.
this has permanent effects on cellular ageing such as regulation of telomere length.
further understanding of these processes will help in the development of therapeutic strategies to increase healthspan and reduced the burden of age-associated diseases.
hp 1f / s subtyping was also performed to check the possible existence for a preferential advantage of hp 1f or hp 1s allele.
no significant differences were noticed between age groups either considering total hp 1f and hp 1s allele frequencies or according to hp @date@ genotypes.
epidemiological , neuropathological , and functional neuroimaging evidence implicates global and regional disruptions in brain metabolism and energetics in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment.
nerve cell microcircuits are modified by excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity and neurotrophic factors.
a prolonged positive energy balance impairs the ability of neurons to adapt to oxidative and metabolic stress.
forward loss of balance was achieved by releasing participants from a static forward lean angle.
participants regained balance by taking one or more rapid steps.
compared to young adults , older adults exhibited a shorter recovery step length , greater trunk flexion angles and exhibited smaller peak knee flexion angles.
first we introduce the concept of flow in bone and the three calibers of porosity through which fluid flows.
background : older people who increase or maintain their physical activity have lower mortality than those who remain sedentary.
this could result from a lower body weight and a better functional status that allow to be more active.
methods : data were taken from a prospectively follow-up study of @number@ people representative of the spanish population aged ≥60 years.
changes in ltpa from @number@ to @number@ were linked to all-cause mortality from @number@ to @number@
analyses were performed in @number@ with cox models adjusted for the main confounders , and were stratified by obesity and functional limitations.
these results did not vary in analyses stratified by obesity and functional limitations.
conclusions : increasing or maintaining ltpa is associated with greater longevity in older adults , even those with obesity or functional limitations.
given the high frequency of these disorders , the current results suggest that most older adults can benefit from an active lifestyle.
geriatric dermatology in india is gaining steady momentum , because the aging population is dramatically increasing.
india crossed the united nations definition of an aging country when the population of persons aged older than @number@ years exceeded @percent@.
the dermatologic issues of this aging population are strongly influenced by many social , economic , and cultural factors.
pigmentary disorders are the prime example of cultural factors affecting dermatoses and their treatment.
photoaging differs from what one sees in western populations due to the inherently dark skin of indians.
cutaneous cancers , however , are unusual in the indian population , especially melanomas , but many are missed.
dry skin , or xerosis , is a common skin condition in older adults , but it is not a normal part of aging.
the geriatric patient may have several incurable , but treatable , chronic diseases that affect their skin.
xerosis causes pruritus , which then leads to excoriations and risk of skin infections.
care should be made to avoid skin sensitizers , such as lanolin , aloe vera , and parabens , that are commonly found in emollients.
these may lead to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
dry skin is characterized by a decreased lipid content and a delayed reconstitution of the epidermal barrier after skin irritation.
these are problems of high relevance in the aged population , especially in the development of irritant contact dermatitis.
asteatotic and perineal irritant dermatitis are the most important subtypes of irritant contact dermatitis in the elderly.
this contribution presents a compressed survey on these subtypes and elucidates their relation to an impaired barrier function.
typical irritants affecting aged individuals are explained and compared with irritants that seem to be more significant in younger people.
results of biophysical investigations , such as measurement of transepidermal water loss , are discussed regarding their age-dependence.
transepidermal water loss decreases with age , which was formerly interpreted as an indication of a decreased sensitivity.
today , we know that reconstitution of the epidermal barrier after irritation is delayed once it has been impaired.
owing to these new insights , a reevaluation of the sensitivity of aged skin has to be initiated , especially with regard to occupational dermatology.
contact dermatitis from irritant and allergic sources is the reason for @percent@ to @percent@ of all dermatologic visits with considerable morbidity and economic impact.
allergic contact dermatitis is a t-cell-mediated inflammatory reaction and develops in predisposed individuals as a consequence of environmental exposure to allergens.
aging is correlated with the rate and type of contact sensitization because of \ "immunosenescence. \ "
the number of old people is growing around the world.
this contribution reviews the main findings from published epidemiologic studies on contact allergy in elderly populations.
establishing the most frequent allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in the elderly is a hard task.
pruritus is an unpleasant sensation leading to the desire to scratch.
it is the most common symptom in dermatology , and various skin and systemic diseases can be associated with the presence of itching.
pruritus may also be provoked by numerous drugs.
the elderly often complain of numerous comorbidities that complicate the determination of the cause of pruritus , as well as its treatment.
physical and mental deprivation may complicate proper assessment of pruritus severity and negatively impair compliance with complex antipruritic therapies.
with accelerating age , skin functions deteriorate due to structural and morphologic changes.
skin is prone to the development of several diseases , varying from benign to malignant.
because the number of persons aged @number@ and older is expected to rise in the next decades , disease prevention will become an important issue.
among others , a major factor that has been implicated in the initiation of aging is the physiologic decline of hormones occurring with age.
however , hormones at age-specific levels may regulate not only age-associated mechanisms but also tumor suppressor pathways that influence carcinogenesis.
understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging may open new strategies to deal with the various diseases accompanying high age , including cancer.
the foxo forkhead transcription factors are involved in metabolism control , cell survival , cellular proliferation , dna damage repair response , and stress resistance.
their transcriptional activity is regulated through a number of posttranslational modifications , including phosphorylation , acetylation and ubiquitination.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : pi3k-akt-foxo axis in cancer and aging.
subtle cognitive deficits have been described in narcolepsy.
they have been hypothesised to be related to changes in the hypocretin system.
fourteen peer-reviewed articles were selected for this review.
erp low-resolution electromagnetic tomography revealed that modafinil improved information processing speed and increased energetic resources in prefrontal cortical areas.
context : characterizing where people die is needed to inform palliative care programs in mexico.
methods : we analyzed @number@ baseline and @number@ follow-up data from the mexican health and aging study.
cases included adults who completed the baseline interview and died before the follow-up interview and for whom a proxy interview was obtained in @number@
the main outcome variable was the place of death ( hospital vs. home ) .
the predictors of the place of death were identified using logistic regression analysis.
results : the study group included @number@ deceased patients ; @percent@ died at home.
findings from the study may be used to plan the provision of accessible end-of-life hospital and home-based services.
purpose : to estimate the 5-year incidence of cataract and cataract surgery in an adult chinese population.
design : population-based study.
main outcome measures : incidence of any type of cataract and of cataract surgery.
the incidence of cortical cataract additionally was associated with nonsmoking ( p = @number@ ) .
the incidence of cataract surgery was significantly ( p < 0.001 ) associated with age only.
in contrast , the incidence of cataract surgery was considerably lower in this chinese population.
however , the previous view of significant cholinergic cell loss during aging has been challenged.
these observations support the suggestion of a key role of the cholinergic system in the functional processes that lead to ad.
therefore , an early onset of an anti β-amyloid strategy may additionally be potential in preventing aging-associated cholinergic deficits and cognitive impairments.
poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerases ( parps ) are a diverse group of proteins present in all multicellular eukaryotes.
they catalyze the nad ( + ) -dependent modification of proteins with poly ( adp-ribose ) .
poly ( adp-ribosyl ) ation plays a key role in a plethora of processes including dna repair , tumor progression and aging.
while unable to select a paparp deletion strain , we succeeded in the generation of paparp overexpressors.
biochemically these strains are characterized by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and a lowered atp content.
paparp overexpressors are impaired in growth , in pigmentation and fertility , and have a shortened lifespan.
our results demonstrate the relevance of poly ( adp-ribose ) metabolism for aging and development in p. anserina.
optimal intake is required to maintain homeostasis and to increase cell protection.
deficiencies are associated with specific illnesses.
however the contribution of commonly observed life-long sub-optimal intakes of trace elements to the development and severity of age-related chronic diseases is less appreciated.
additionally , reduce intake of several trace elements has been shown to be particularly challenging for elderly people.
this article analyses the levels of job satisfaction reported by older workers ( aged 50-64 ) with and without disabilities at a european level.
this finding supports the hypothesis of lower expectations about jobs of disadvantaged groups ( e.g. limited disabled population ) and has important public policy implications.
background : metformin is a worldwide accepted biguanide antidiabetic agent , and its effectiveness and benefit have already been well established.
aging is associated with a decreased renal function and increasing comorbidities , but few data are available regarding plasma lactate levels in this unique population.
fasting serum electrolytes , creatinine , bicarbonate , glycated hemoglobin , plasma glucose and lactate levels were determined.
of the patients fulfilled the lactic acidosis criteria.
patients with fasting plasma glucose levels > @number@ mg / dl had a @number@.8-fold increased risk of developing hyperlactemia.
purpose : to review findings from major epidemiologic studies regarding risk factors for and consequences of elevated markers of inflammation in older adults.
there are few defined risk factors for the modest elevations in inflammatory markers seen with aging.
these include visceral adiposity , lower sex steroid hormones , smoking , depression and periodontal disease.
of the markers assessed , il-6 is most robustly associated with incident disease , disability and mortality.
conclusion : though correlated with age , the etiology of elevated inflammatory markers remains incompletely defined.
future research targeting inflammation should examine these pathways.
protein degradation plays a central role in many cellular functions.
misfolded and damaged proteins are removed from the cells to avoid toxicity.
eukaryotic cells have two main routes for clearing misfolded or toxic proteins : the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways.
because of the presence of the ups in the nucleus , the ups function may be more important for clearing misfolded proteins in the nucleus.
the selective neuropathology in hd is also found to associate with the preferential accumulation of the disease protein huntingtin in neuronal cells.
in this review , we focus on the relationship between the ups function and aging as well as huntington disease.
we also discuss findings that suggest that aging is a more important factor that can negatively impact the function of the ups.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "autophagy and protein degradation in neurological diseases. \ "
the identification of novel anti-apoptotic sequences has lead to new insights into the mechanisms involved in regulating different forms of programmed cell death.
for example , the anti-apoptotic function of free radical scavenging proteins supports the pro-apoptotic function of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
of interest , cell death was not prevented under culture conditions modeling chronological aging , suggesting that dut-m only protects dividing cells.
knee range of motion was lower for knee-oa participants in the fast-walking and usual-walking-after-30 min tasks ( p < 0.030 ) .
ankle range of motion for symptomatic knee-oa was greater compared to asymptomatic knee-oa for all walking tasks ( p < 0.050 ) .
whether these conditions represent subsequent steps in the causal pathway from knee-oa to changes in gait is still not clear.
the goal of this study was to examine the relationship between bp variations and neurological deficit outcome in old-old patients after ais.
functional status was assessed using the modified rankin scale ( rs ) and the barthel index ( bi ) .
nihss on the 1st day positively correlated with spmsq score and with bi on day @number@
such findings provide the foundation for the model of hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults , or \ "harold \ " [ @number@ ] .
previous studies that have measured reaction time and movement time have suggested that aging does not affect manual asymmetries.
however , whether these findings can be extended to kinematic variables associated with motor coordination remains largely unknown.
the purpose of the current study is to determine whether asymmetries in intralimb coordination are also reduced during the aging process.
measures of final position accuracy , precision , and trajectory linearity showed robust asymmetries between the left and right arm groups of young adults.
our findings extend the harold model to motor behavior , suggesting that aging results in decrements in motor lateralization.
glucocorticoids have profound effects on brain development and adult cns function.
excess or insufficient glucocorticoids cause myriad abnormalities from development to ageing.
11β-hsd1 regenerates active glucocorticoids from their inactive 11-keto derivatives and is widely expressed throughout the adult cns.
elevated hippocampal and neocortical 11β-hsd1 is observed with ageing and causes cognitive decline ; its deficiency prevents the emergence of cognitive defects with age.
conversely , 11β-hsd2 is a dehydrogenase , inactivating glucocorticoids.
the major central effects of 11β-hsd2 occur in development , as expression of 11β-hsd2 is high in fetal brain and placenta.
deficient feto-placental 11β-hsd2 results in a life-long phenotype of anxiety and cardiometabolic disorders , consistent with early life glucocorticoid programming.
we report a novel presenilin-1 ( psen1 ) mutation , i202f occurring in a welsh kindred with familial alzheimer's disease.
the average age at onset was @number@ years.
functional efficiency is the ability to be independent in fulfilling the basic needs of everyday life.
independence in meeting these needs is important to maintain a good quality of life ( qol ) .
the mean age of the study group was @number@ years.
the results of cds for the study group were running at high level and were dependent on the marital status and age.
no impact of gender , place of residence , education , material situation and disease duration was revealed.
similarly , facit-f scores were higher for married patients than for widowed ones , and they were age-dependent.
in the majority of subjects , the level of daily activities was high , which proves an independent functioning.
results of cds were dependent on facit-f scores in the study group.
no therapy exists to slow down or prevent parkinson's disease ( pd ) , a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder.
neurotrophic factors ( ntfs ) emerged as promising disease-modifying agents in pd and are currently under clinical development.
we argue that efforts in three research areas must converge to harness the full therapeutic power of ntfs.
first , the physiological roles of ntfs in aging dopaminergic neurons must be comprehensively understood.
second , the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective , neurorestorative and stimulatory effects of ntfs on diseased neurons need to be defined.
third , improved brain delivery of ntfs and new ways to stimulate ntf signaling are required to achieve clinical benefits.
in this review , we discuss progress in these areas and highlight emerging concepts in ntf biology and therapy.
predictive models could offer new insights into body composition analysis.
a non-parametric equation derived from a probabilistic bayesian network ( bn ) was established by including sex , age , body weight and height.
fm was directly calculated as body weight minus ffm.
french subjects were significantly different from american nhanes subjects with respect to age , weight and fm.
despite this different population context , bn prediction was highly reliable.
two previously published linear models were applied to the subjects of the french database and compared with bn predictions.
bn predictions were more accurate for both ffm and fm than those obtained from linear models.
in addition , bn prediction generated stochastic variability in the fm% expressed in terms of bmi.
the use of such predictions in large populations could be of interest for many public health issues.
as individuals survive with hiv into geriatric age groups , greater clarity on these relationships is essential.
results reveal limited evidence for interaction effects between hiv and age on neuropsychological performance.
background : age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of blindness in western countries.
numerous risk factors have been reported but the evidence and strength of association is variable.
overall raw point estimates of each risk factor and associated @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) were calculated.
risk factors with moderate and consistent associations were higher body mass index , history of cardiovascular disease , hypertension , and higher plasma fibrinogen.
conclusions : smoking , previous cataract surgery and a family history of amd are consistent risk factors for amd.
cardiovascular risk factors are also associated with amd.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : three primary care sites in southern california.
at @number@ months , only the difference in number of drinks remained statistically significant ( rr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.76-0.99 ) .
aim : to investigate the relationship between circulating sex hormone levels and subsequent mortality in disabled elderly.
all-cause mortality by baseline plasma sex hormone levels was measured.
mortality rates differed significantly between high and low testosterone tertiles in men , but did not differ significantly between middle and low tertiles.
exclusion of deaths during the first year and cancer deaths had minimal effects on these results.
dhea-s level in men and testosterone and estradiol levels in women were not related to mortality.
design : observational cohort study.
setting : community.
participants : persons aged @number@ and older recruited from physician offices and a senior center.
results : readiness to participate in acp varied widely across behaviors.
participants were frequently in different stages for different behaviors.
conclusion : older persons show a range of readiness to engage in different aspects of acp.
individualized assessment and interventions targeted to stage of behavior change for each component of acp may be an effective strategy to increase participation in acp.
objectives : to study tooth loss patterns in older adults with dementia.
design : retrospective longitudinal study.
setting : a community-based geriatric dental clinic in minnesota.
intervention : all existing dental conditions were treated before enrollment.
dental treatment was continually provided for all participants during follow-up.
on average , @percent@ of participants in both groups lost at least one tooth each year.
conclusion : based on data available in a community-based geriatric dental clinic , dementia was not associated with tooth loss.
objectives : to examine the longitudinal association between decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population.
design : prospective population-based study.
setting : geographically defined community in chicago.
of the @number@ participants in chap , @number@ were reported to social services agency for suspected elder self-neglect from @number@ to @number@
measurements : social services agency identified reported elder self-neglect.
an index of global cognitive function scores was derived by averaging z-scores of all tests.
outcome of interest was elder self-neglect.
logistic and linear regression models were used to assess these longitudinal associations.
decline in executive function was associated with greater risk of reported and confirmed elder self-neglect.
conclusion : decline in executive function was associated with risk of reported and confirmed elder self-neglect.
decline in global cognitive function was associated with risk of greater self-neglect severity.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : twenty-two boston-area nhs.
participants : three hundred twenty-three nh residents with advanced dementia and their hcps.
measurements : data were collected at baseline and quarterly for up to @number@ months.
hospice referral , frequency of pain and dyspnea , and treatment of these symptoms was ascertained.
results : twenty-two percent of residents were referred to hospice.
hcps of residents in hospice reported fewer unmet needs in all domains during the last @number@ days of the residents ' life.
conclusion : a minority of nh residents with advanced dementia received hospice care.
aim : to examine lesbian and gay people's expectations of support , socialising and cohabitation in older age.
conclusions : aged care providers need to be responsive to the different sources of support that may be provided to older lesbian and gay people.
services that are lesbian- and gay-friendly may facilitate service uptake and reduce pressures on lesbian and gay people's informal networks of support.
however , it is currently unknown whether the decline in endothelial vasodilatation with advancing age is due to elevated et-1 vasoconstrictor activity.
additionally , fbf responses to ach were determined in the presence of eta blockade.
vasodilatation to ach was lower ( approx.
in the young men , resting fbf was not significantly altered by bq-123 , whereas , in the older men , fbf increased approx.
@percent@ in response to bq-123 infusion ( p < 0.05 ) .
co-infusion of ach with bq-123 resulted in an approx.
@percent@ increase in the ach-induced vasodilatation in older men compared with saline.
in contrast , fbf responses to ach were not significantly altered by et ( a ) blockade in the young men.
in conclusion , these results demonstrate that et-1 vasoconstrictor activity contributes , at least in part , to diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in older men.
microglia , the tissue macrophages of the brain , have under healthy conditions a resting phenotype that is characterized by a ramified morphology.
with their fine processes microglia are continuously scanning their environment.
upon any homeostatic disturbance microglia rapidly change their phenotype and contribute to processes including inflammation , tissue remodeling , and neurogenesis.
background : scalp psoriasis is a chronic recalcitrant condition.
there are no scottish data on the resources and costs of treatment of the scalp psoriasis patient.
this was further informed by scottish prescribing statistics.
simple descriptive statistics were performed.
results : forty-three healthcare professionals ( @number@ from primary care and ten in secondary care ) completed the survey which illuminated national prescribing statistics.
while an overall @percent@ response rate was achieved , representation from five of @number@ health boards was not available.
there was significant variation in stated patient pathways but some common themes.
most patients were treated initially with coal tar preparations and shampoos , then often progressing to topical potent corticosteroids.
treatment in secondary care comprised application of topicals available in primary care or alternative preparations with nurse assistance to improve compliance.
phototherapy and systemic agents were not given to patients with scalp psoriasis alone.
study limitations are not considered to impact on the study observations.
treatment heterogeneity reflects the limitations in current therapies , paucity of evidence-based effectiveness data and lack of clinical guidelines.
experts agreed ' current standard practice ' in scotland was best described as an average across five plausible treatment pathways.
correction was maintained for at least @number@ months , with no adverse events.
we have also briefly reviewed the literature on the use of injectable plla for volume restoration in the hand.
the popularity of cutaneous laser resurfacing has soared in recent years.
it has been suggested that initial collagen contraction and thermal damage modulate wound healing.
progress in laser technology permits precise tissue removal and minimal thermal damage.
however , mechanisms for cosmetic improvement have not yet been completely determined.
in the present short communication , we would like to suggest a possible mechanism for the healing effects exerted by the er : yag laser.
background and objectives : the ablative fractional co₂ laser has been successfully used in treating photoaged skin in the caucasian population.
however , its application in asian skin has not been widely reported.
the purpose of this study is to observe the efficacy and safety of the protocol ' activefx ' for photodamaged facial skin in chinese patients.
methods : a non-sequential fractional ultrapulsed co₂ laser with specific settings is used in addition to a new computer pattern generator ( cpg ) .
twenty patients received a single-session , single-pass , ablative fractional treatment on a split face.
the patients were evaluated at baseline , and @number@ and @number@ months ( m1 , m3 ) after the treatment using a quartile grading scale.
they were also asked to assess their overall satisfaction using a 4-point scale.
the improvement of the coarse wrinkles was also quantitatively analyzed with a 3d in vivo imaging system.
the roughness analysis ( rz ) demonstrated a significant decrease in periorbital wrinkles ( p < @number@ ) .
minimal and reversible adverse side effects and rapid healing were noted.
conclusions : non-sequential fractional ultrapulsed co₂ laser resurfacing ( activefx ) is considered an excellent treatment modality for photodamaged chinese facial skin.
to meet the health and economic challenges of aging populations , we must revive this aristotelian vision of politics.
prioritizing biogerontology is a requirement of well-ordered science.
nulliparity and obesity decrease breast cancer risk in younger women , but increase risk in older women.
curves depicting the annual hazard of breast cancer death are shaped differently for the early- and late-onset tumors.
clinical trials for mammography screening , fenretinide chemoprevention and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy show opposite effects in younger and older women.
taken together , these examples imply that aging may modify breast cancer risk , prognosis and treatment.
when age interactions are suspected , breast cancer studies should be stratified by early versus late age of onset or analyzed age specifically.
results confirmed that impacts of vision loss on avl are mediated by decline in functional ability.
findings confirm the effectiveness of adaptation in terms of reduced reactivity to functional losses across increasing level of chronic impairment.
older and younger readers read sentences in which target words were masked @number@ to @number@ ms after fixation onset.
although older readers had longer eye fixations than did younger readers , the results indicated that the masking effect was comparable for the @number@ groups.
the authors investigated normative beliefs about personality development.
with this paradigm , the authors determined age-relevance ( how typical is a characteristic for a given age decade ? ) .
most characteristics were ascribed to young adulthood.
the negative profiles are primarily due to more negative physical characteristics ascribed to older adults and more negative cognitive characteristics ascribed to adolescence.
relative to the simulations carried out using the full cca , models truncated at one cca diameter strongly overestimated the amount of disturbed flow.
substantial improvement was offered by using three cca diameters , with only minor further improvement using five cca diameters.
with seven cca diameters , the amounts of disturbed flow agreed unambiguously with those predicted by the corresponding full-length models.
the need for imposing measured inlet velocity profiles would seem to be relevant only for those cases where the cca is severely truncated.
these results suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between age-related decreases in labrum thickness and increases in labrum pathology.
this supports the concept that age-related labrum pathology may result from tissue degeneration.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) , also called degenerative joint disease , is the most frequently occurring chronic musculoskeletal disease , particularly affecting the aging population.
the relationship between physical activity levels and disease rates has become an important health-related concern in the developed world.
heart disease , certain cancers and obesity persist at epidemic rates in the us and western europe.
increased physical activity levels have been shown to reduce the occurrence of many chronic diseases leading to reductions in the burden on the healthcare system.
of unique interest , the sex hormones appear to have a very strong influence on activity levels.
the current animal literature suggests that females tend to be more active than males due to biological pathways of estrogenic origin.
the purpose of this study is to review the current literature regarding the control of physical activity levels by the sex hormones in humans.
observations are yet to be made in male subjects during replacement therapy.
in general , some evidence exists suggesting that a biological mechanism extending from the sex hormones influences activity in humans.
administration of are significantly reversed the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and upregulating their gene expression.
this was accompanied by a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde ( mda ) level in mice given are compared to the control.
the results demonstrated that are possessed the antioxidant activity and was effective against d-galactose-induced oxidative stress.
the purpose of this study was to examine possible relationships between personality , burnout level , longevity , and demographic variables among professional music therapists.
the sixteen personality factor questionnaire ( 16pf ) and the maslach burnout inventory-human services survey ( mbi-hss ) were used to test personality and burnout.
subjects were @number@ professional music therapists from all seven american music therapy association ( amta ) regions with an overall average longevity of @number@ years.
logistic regressions also showed that highest degree earned is significantly ( p < @number@ ) predictive of longevity.
elderly patients with advanced nsclc treated with platinum doublet therapy demonstrate similar efficacy ( but increased toxicity ) to their younger counterparts.
overall , elderly patients with advanced nsclc , while experiencing greater toxicity , demonstrate the same response rates and survival benefits as their younger peers.
method : older adults with either age-normal hearing or mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss performed a running memory task.
stimulus bandwidth did not affect performance.
conclusion : expanded bandwidth and bimodal presentation can improve speech perceptibility in difficult listening conditions but may not always improve working memory performance.
application : results can inform the design of telephone features to improve ease of communication for older adults.
purpose : research has established that attitudes can influence behavior.
however , there is little information on physician assistant ( pa ) students ' attitudes towards older adults.
research conducted on medical students has often revealed negative attitudes and little interest in geriatrics.
this study investigates the attitudes of first-year pa students regarding older adults and provides data on this underdeveloped area in the literature.
results : the mean asd score of @number@ indicated a mildly positive attitude towards the target population.
some medical schools have implemented strategies of intentional socialization between their students and older adults to improve the students ' attitudes.
pa programs may want to further assess their students ' attitudes to older adults and implement interventions to improve them , where indicated.
additionally , several questions for additional research are suggested from this study.
three models evaluated the costs of speech planning , the costs of speech production , and the costs of speech output monitoring.
objectives : vitamins and herbal extracts are associated with various side effects , potential serious drug interactions and mostly unproven efficacy.
yet , research has shown that nearly half of dementia patients are receiving such medication.
health professionals caring for older people with dementia are central to the safe management of this practice.
therefore , the aim of this study was to assess the views , knowledge and practices of professionals in relation to this issue.
such information is essential to identify potential problems and to inform targeted intervention strategies.
method : cross-sectional survey carried out across east sussex in the uk based on a self-administered postal questionnaire.
results : out of @number@ questionnaires sent , @number@ responded ( @percent@ ) .
further , only @percent@ always or often discussed potential side effects / interactions of these supplements with their patients.
conclusion : the views and practices of many health professionals are inconsistent with current best practice.
many professionals do not appear to enquire routinely about non-prescribed medicinal products and adequate advice may not be given to patients / carers.
existing cross-sectional research demonstrates an association between reminiscence functions and well-being in later life.
the results of this study replicate and extend previous findings in separate participant samples above and below @number@ years of age.
findings suggest a link between reminiscence functions and psychological well-being , and indirectly between reminiscence and well-being @number@ months thereafter.
these findings are discussed relative to evolving theory and research linking cognition and health.
objectives : this study examined the independent and interactive effects of chronic medical conditions and sleep disturbance on depressive symptomatology.
methods : we investigated the internal consistency , test-retest reliability and the validity of bars.
these correlations changed when controlling for the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) scale stages.
these relationship patterns were found in both younger and older groups of men and women.
results : the results underline a similar pattern of increasing difficulty of the tasks that explore tom abilities in both the groups.
the impairment in specific cognitive functions ( i.e. memory and executive functions ) seems to correlate with the decline in the most complex mentalistic abilities.
method : a nationwide , register-based cohort study.
all married or widowed individuals aged @number@ and older who were alive and registered in sweden on @date@ and still registered on @date@ .
a total of @number@ individuals were included in the study and followed in @number@
odds ratios ( ors ) with corresponding @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were calculated.
results : loss of spouse increased the risk of outpatient psychiatric visits , psychotropic medication and all-cause mortality.
prescribed psychotropic medication was more common among those newly bereaved , adjusted or of @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.41-1.50 ) , compared to those married.
for those widowed for a longer period , the corresponding estimate was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
the or for all-cause mortality was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
the analyses also indicated different effects on inpatient care depending on educational level.
conclusion : loss of spouse increases the risk of people getting psychiatric care , both for severe and minor psychiatric conditions.
the effect seems to differ depending on educational level.
further studies are needed to disentangle the mechanism behind the effects of each measurement of psychiatric conditions and how these are affected by educational level.
methods : a cross-sectional study including @number@ participants with @percent@ response rate.
neuroticism was assessed by eysenck personality questionnaire ( epq ) and externality by locus of control of behaviour.
the relative stress scale evaluated caring burden.
mental health was determined by the general health quality ( ghq-28 ) questionnaire.
results : neuroticism and type of illness played a major role in explaining caring burden and mental health.
in the copd and dementia groups , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , were above the cut-off point for psychiatric caseness on the ghq.
both groups had low scores for depression and high scores for social dysfunction , anxiety , insomnia and somatisation.
compared to the dementia group , the copd group had lower scores and fairly stable levels on all subscales of the ghq.
females had higher scores on somatic symptoms , anxiety and insomnia ; they also reported higher scores on neuroticism and externality.
conclusion : differences in personality and illness explained both caring burden and mental health among caregivers.
objective : the relationship between sleep complaints , comorbidity and health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) in advanced age has not been clearly established.
methods : data regarding demography , sleep , comorbidity and hrqol were collected through questionnaires and interviews among @number@ people in sweden.
most of the sleep complaints related to low hrqol were found among those with a high degree of comorbidity.
these data support a role for intrinsic factors , besides the extracellular environment in the defective sc function in aged skeletal muscles.
purpose : to investigate whether acquired somatic mutations in the iron response element of the ferritin l-chain gene account for the age-related cataract.
dna samples were obtained from the lens capsules of patients following cataract surgery , and subjected to pcr amplification.
products were analyzed by a sequenom® mass spectrometer , and classified as a mutation or wild type according to molecular weight.
results : dna samples were isolated from the lens capsules of @number@ patients , mean age @number@ and screened for l-ferritin mutations.
while the g32t mutation was detected in all @number@ positive control cases , all other patients were negative for the @number@ mutations.
conclusions : somatic mutations in the iron response elements ( ire ) of the l-ferritin gene are infrequent in the age-related cataract.
the role of l-ferritin genetic variations in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract is yet to be explored.
purpose : adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is a major cause of ocular morbidity and may lead to visual loss.
adenovirus types @number@ @number@ and @number@ may cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
the main objective of this study was to determine the types of adenoviruses causing keratoconjunctivitis in saudi arabia.
methods : we conducted a non-interventional observational clinical study.
conjunctival swabs were obtained from patients with presumed acute viral conjunctivitis.
immunochromatography ( ic ) and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction ( pcr-rflp ) were performed on the conjunctival swabs obtained from each eye.
serotype identification was performed using direct sequencing technique.
the remaining @number@ were types @number@ @number@ and @number@
immunochromatography tests were positive for adenovirus in @number@ ( @percent@ ) out of @number@ eyes.
conclusions : this study determined the types of adenoviruses causing keratoconjunctivitis at one center in saudi arabia.
direct sequencing techniques is an efficient , accurate , and rapid means of diagnosing adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
the most common causes of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis in saudi arabia were adenovirus types @number@ @number@ and @number@
membranous conjunctivitis and subepithelial opacities had the highest frequency of adenovirus types @number@ and @number@ respectively.
lymph nodes enlargement was least likely in adenovirus type @number@
the relation of ca 19-9 levels to metabolic control and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes was also investigated.
hba₁ ( c ) , duration of dm and microvascular complications of dm were reviewed.
ca 19-9 levels ( normal range , 0-35 u / ml ) were measured in all participants.
effects of duration of diabetes , hba₁ ( c ) and diabetic nephropathy were still continuing in multiple linear regression analysis.
the cutoff value at 97th percentile was @number@ u / ml.
defining a new cutoff value in these patients would prevent unnecessary laboratory or imaging procedures.
more specifically , cataract patients ' optical systems transmit light poorly , especially the shorter wavelengths that affect the circadian system more.
the present study investigated melatonin secretion profiles and sleep patterns before and after cataract surgery.
fifteen subjects were studied for @number@ consecutive weekdays before , and one month after , their cataract surgery.
uv-cutting intra-ocular lenses were used for patients after surgery.
no statistically significant differences between before and after surgery were observed in the amount of light received and the amount of activity.
this means that there were no significant changes in their lifestyle during the experimental period.
however , individual subjects responded differently.
the amount of light received during the nighttime influenced sleep more significantly than during the daytime.
context : immunochemical fecal occult blood tests ( ifobts ) are potentially promising tools for colorectal cancer screening.
low-dose aspirin use , which increases the likelihood of gastrointestinal bleeding , is common in the target population for colorectal cancer screening.
results : advanced neoplasms were found in @number@ users ( @percent@ ) and @number@ nonusers ( @percent@ ) of low-dose aspirin.
objective : to estimate risk and duration of chronic conditions and disability for all older americans and demographic subgroups.
among men , diabetes duration is longest , followed by copd.
disability risk is elevated for all conditions studied , except heart attack.
those very overweight most of life and persons with dementia have the greatest disability risk and relatively long disability durations.
among women , those very overweight most of life can expect to die @number@ years sooner and have above average disability duration.
discussion : findings provide new information about the relative burden of common chronic diseases among all older americans and major subgroups.
objective : long-term studies on patients with impulsive behavior have shown a decrease of symptoms with increasing age.
alcohol craving has many analogies in psychopathology with obsessive-compulsive behavior patterns.
the aim of the present study was to find evidence of a possible decrease of craving in elderly alcohol-dependent patients.
method : one hundred ninety-eight alcohol-dependent patients at the beginning of alcohol withdrawal therapy were included in this study.
t test for independent samples confirmed lower obsessive-compulsive craving in older patients.
alterations in endocrinological functions or in mesolimbic neurotransmission are discussed as possible reasons for this finding.
background : air pollution is associated with adverse human health , but mechanisms through which pollution exerts effects remain to be clarified.
one suggested pathway is that pollution causes oxidative stress.
if so , oxidative stress-related genotypes may modify the oxidative response defenses to pollution exposure.
we used a multiple testing procedure in r modified by our team to identify the significance of the candidate genes adjusting for a priori covariates.
we aimed to operationalize the arwmc scale and investigate the effect of this operationalization on the reliability and validity on mri and ct.
methods : operational definitions of the arwmc scale were derived from erkinjuntti research criteria for subcortical vascular dementia and scheltens scale.
using original and operationalized arwmc scale , eight observers recorded the time for rating per mri and per ct.
we investigated the inter-rater and intrarater reliability as well as validity against volume using data from @number@ stroke patients.
conclusion : operational definitions improve the inter-rater reliability of arwmc scale on ct , and it correlates with volumetric measurement.
results : twelve percent of the cohs was edentulous.
the number of dental restorations was higher for women compared to men ; however , men had more caries than women.
only @percent@ of all invited elderly people accepted the invitation , with old age and poor health being the primary reasons for non-participation.
background : gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) is thought to become more prevalent with age.
aim : to assess systematically how age affects the prevalence of gerd and its oesophageal complications.
results : nine population-based studies and seven clinical studies met the inclusion criteria.
the two population-based endoscopic surveys showed no significant effect of age on reflux oesophagitis prevalence.
conclusions : epidemiological studies do not show an increase in gerd symptom prevalence with age.
thus , the real prevalence of gerd may well increase with age.
alterations of iron levels in the brain has been observed and documented in a number of neurodegenerative disorders including parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the elevated nigral iron levels observed in pd may reflect a dysfunction of brain iron homeostasis.
under normal physiological conditions excess iron can be sequestrated in ferritin and neuromelanin.
alternatively , the excess iron may represent a component of brain iron deposition associated with ageing.
the aetiology of idiopathic pd largely remains an enigma.
iron-mediated cellular destruction is mediated primarily via reactive oxygen or / and nitrogen species induced oxidative stress.
furthermore , these pathogenic mechanisms appear to be closely interlinked to the cascade of events leading to cellular death.
there are conflicting reports about the stage during disease progression at which nigral iron change occurs in pd.
in contrast , others have found an elevation of iron in sn in pre-clinical stages.
these discrepancies may be attributed to the occurrence of different sub-groups of the disease.
this concurs with the notion that pd represents a group of related diseases with a number of potential pathogenic pathways.
introduction : value analysis in health care calculates the economic value added ( eva ) that results from improvements in health and health care.
univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to arrive at a plausible range of outcomes.
the eva for typical surgical strabismus care is @number@.3b per yr.
a perfect cure may yield eva of @number@.6b per yr.
conclusion : the economic value added by improvements in patient-centered outcomes is very large.
objectives : cognitive declines are common in older people and can be a major health issue in an aging world.
methods : a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between t'ai chi practice and age- , gender- and education-similar older peoples ' attention and memory functions.
another @number@ elderly having regular exercise habits were recruited from community centers for inclusion in the exercise group.
a nonexercise group ( normal healthy control ) consisting of @number@ subjects were also recruited by random selection and through contacting local elderly centers.
in both groups gender had no significant effect on the values of the thoracic kyphosis ( p > @number@ ) .
this study yields standards for reference for the normal curvatures of the spine in the sagittal plane.
the literature is quite controversial on this matter.
the aim of this study was to assess the anti-wrinkle formation efficacy of lf-sq in subjects.
skin replicas were analyzed using an optical profilometry technique.
the wrinkle and skin-surface roughness features were calculated and statistically analyzed.
lf-sq cream enhanced the skin moisture and the anti-wrinkle formation.
we suggest that lf-sq could be used as an active ingredient for wrinkle-care cosmetics.
measuring health related quality of life of old people has become an important public health issue with the aging of population in developing countries.
the aim of this study was to examine the health related quality of life of old people living in bandar abbas , iran.
this was a population-based study in which a random sample of @number@ individuals of the community aged over @number@ years were interviewed using sf-36 questionnaire.
a total of @number@ elderly individuals completed the sf-36 questionnaire.
however , the application of this method in the elderly has its own peculiarities because of age-related changes of organism.
this study demonstrates a comparative assessment of the causes of nocturia in young and elderly patients with overactive bladder ( oab ) .
these patients were divided by sex and also into three age groups : younger than @number@ years , 61-69 years and over @number@ years.
a diary was used to determine the nocturia index , nocturnal polyuria index , index of nocturnal bladder capacity.
the most obvious reason for nocturia in patients with oab was the polyuria and reduced nocturnal bladder capacity , which are not dependent on age.
blood toxicity and biochemical values were studied in @number@ patients of different age with ischemic heart disease.
researches were carried out by means of bio-test method on \ "cito-expert \ " apparatus.
the increase of glucose , urea and lactate dehydrogenase content in blood was accompanied by growth of blood toxicity.
the intellectual working capacity and indicators of time of reaction to visual , acoustical and skin signals in older persons were studied.
older persons have a decrease in efficiency of mental faculties and change in mechanisms of perception functions.
the older persons demonstrate a decrease in basal level of reactance of touch areas.
the visual area of the left hemisphere becomes \ "the leading \ " analyzer.
the article demonstrates the results of the researches executed by authors , and other leaders of this direction in a medical science.
questions of mutual relations of various diseases of cardiovascular system on clinical , pathogenetic , pathomorphological , biochemical levels are considered.
the research was aimed at studying molecular genetics basis of human longevity.
distributions of allele and genotypes frequencies in different age groups including old men and long-livers have been characterized.
as a whole the data obtained by us confirm the assumption that polymorphism of cytokine genes can influence on human lifespan.
substantial progress of genomic studies in genetic of aging processes , including complex metabolic processes and gene regulation is outlined.
the growth of the brazilian elderly people has led to a trend to an increase in the medication use.
the inadequate use of drugs can be induced by some factors , like advertisement , with the risk of damaging the user's health.
@number@ elderly aging over @number@ years with both genders had been interviewed from april to june of @number@
the majority of the interviewees ( @percent@ ) has at least a chronic health condition and @percent@ consumed regularly at least one medication.
the data showed that part of elderly suffered influence of advertisement to medication use , and are not conscious of risks involved.
results : stroke participants showed significant worsening than controls in all three qol measures.
controls also declined significantly in pcs.
stroke survivors who lived alone were at greater risk for increases in depressive symptoms.
conclusions : multiple declines in qol occur after stroke , and social isolation heightens risk for increasing depression after stroke.
input to and output from the endoneurial microenvironment occurs via blood-nerve exchange and convective endoneurial fluid flow driven by a proximo-distal hydrostatic pressure gradient.
the interactions of schwann cells , axons , macrophages , and mast cells via cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling regulate the permeability of this interface.
we posited that association between alexithymia and poorer neurocognition would support the deficit nature of alexithymia in later life.
healthy community-dwelling volunteers ( @number@ young and @number@ elderly subjects ) were studied with the 20-item toronto alexithymia scale.
neurocognitive competence was assessed using a neuropsychological battery measuring attention , language , memory , visuospatial abilities , and executive functions.
neurocognitive abilities were strongly age-related and indirectly correlated with alexithymia.
alexithymia total score appeared to be uniquely predicted by raven matrices and rey's figure recall.
these results support the deficit hypothesis alexithymia of older age.
scf ligases are constitutively active and generally target only proteins after they have been selected for degradation , usually by phosphorylation.
scf complexes degrade proteins during the g1 phase.
however , as dna synthesis begins , the scf complexes are degraded and apc / c complexes are activated.
apc-2 , a protein crucial to cell division , initiates anaphase by triggering the degradation of multiple proteins.
this study explores an unexpected interaction between apc-2 and scffbg1.
we found that fbg1 is a promiscuous ubiquitin ligase with many partners.
immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that fbg1 and apc2 interact directly.
mutagenesis-based experiments show that this interaction requires a d-box found within the fbg1 f-box domain.
unexpectedly , we demonstrate that co-expression with fbg1 increases total apc2 levels.
however , free apc2 is decreased , inhibiting cell proliferation.
objective : preterm infants are at risk of developing insulin resistance.
these differences disappeared after adjustment for current body size.
background : brown adipose tissue ( bat ) is abundant in small mammals and in newborns and helps them to survive cold temperatures.
in adults , it had long been considered to be absent or at least of no relevance.
recent investigations , however , have fuelled interest in adult bat.
considerable amounts of bat are present in a substantial proportion of adult humans and relatively high quantities of bat are associated with lower body weight.
with increasing age , bat decreases and body weight increases.
background : decline of physical function with age is associated with substantial health consequences.
physical and psychological functioning is linked , but the temporal nature of this association remains unclear.
growth curve modeling was performed to examine trajectories of a global physical performance score across time as conditioned by cognition and depression.
results : significant decline in physical function was observed ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : physical function significantly declined over @number@ years , in particular in the oldest group.
a subtle decline in psychological health paralleled decline in physical function but did not accelerate it.
a multivariate logistic model was run for our global successful aging measure.
age , gender , and socioeconomic status are shown to bear highly significant associations with individuals ' odds of successful aging.
it also suggests a potential for policy interventions supporting individuals ' opportunities for successful aging.
objective : in aging populations , poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality.
igf1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function.
further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.
introduction : the cmap scan is a surface emg method based on the successive activation of motor units.
it provides information about reinnervation processes , the number of functional motor units and nerve excitability.
the cmap scan has potential value as a follow-up tool in monitoring disease progression , recovery or aging of the peripheral nerves.
in this study , we assessed its interobserver and different-day reproducibility.
methods : two investigators recorded cmap scans in ten healthy subjects , each on two different days.
intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) and coefficients of variation ( covs ) were calculated for the parameters extracted from the cmap scan.
different-day reproducibility was better than interobserver reproducibility.
visual tracking of the surrounding environment is an important daily task , often executed simultaneously with the regulation of upright balance.
visual and postural coordination may be affected by aging which is associated with a decline in sensory and motor functions.
nineteen young and @number@ elderly subjects tracked a visual target presented as unpredictable smooth pursuit or saccadic displacements.
subjects were instructed to maintain gaze on target during quiet stance with or without yaw surface rotations.
elderly subjects followed both saccadic and pursuit targets with less accuracy than young subjects.
moreover , elderly subjects responded with longer time lags during saccadic target shifts and executed more catch-up saccades during smooth pursuits than younger subjects.
standing on a moving surface induced larger target-gaze errors.
catch-up saccades during pursuit occurred more frequently during surface perturbations.
our results suggest that visual tracking abilities decline with age and that postural challenge affects accuracy but not timing of gaze responses.
such declines observed with aging may result from multiple but minor sensory and motor deficits.
objectives : quantitative eeg can monitor changes in brain function during development and may help to understand developmental disorders.
results : pf increased with age , with changes being larger for children than adolescents.
controlling for changes in pf , changes in absolute / relative alpha1 / 2 power and in absolute beta power were minor.
relative beta power , however , increased while absolute / relative delta and theta power decreased massively.
sex-differences in pf did not reach significance.
however , boys exhibited larger changes during adolescence than girls for all absolute power measures except alpha.
age-related changes differed between boys and girls suggesting a different developmental timing for the sexes.
in future studies a combined analysis of pf and ifb may help to specify deviations in developmental disorders.
a rapid increase in incidence of neurodegenerative disorders has been observed with the aging of the population.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly.
it is characterized by memory dysfunction , loss of lexical access , spatial and temporal disorientation and impairment of judgement clinically.
unfortunately , clinical development of drugs for the symptomatic and disease-modifying treatment of ad has resulted in both promise and disappointment.
indeed , a large number of drugs with differing targets and mechanisms of action were investigated with only a few of them being clinically available.
over the last decade , nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery represents one promising strategy to successfully increase the cns penetration of several therapeutic moieties.
some of them have been shown to cross the bbb and have been tested either for diagnosis or treatment of ad.
finally , the route of nps administration and the future prospects will be discussed.
we live in a multisensory world and one of the challenges the brain is faced with is deciding what information belongs together.
our ability to make assumptions about the relatedness of multisensory stimuli is partly based on their temporal and spatial relationships.
stimuli that are proximal in time and space are likely to be bound together by the brain and ascribed to a common external event.
to examine this , we compared the ability of @number@ and @number@ year olds and adults to detect audiovisual temporal asynchrony.
findings revealed striking and asymmetric age-related differences.
results suggest that changes in audiovisual temporal perception extend beyond the first decade of life.
this review compares and contrasts the effects of estradiol on the developing and aging brain and highlights new avenues of exploration and therapeutic development.
ad is perceived to be a disease primarily of the mind , but in comparison to differences expected with aging , physical prowess is enhanced.
the purpose of this study was to better understand adjustment and life satisfaction in later life.
study results underlined the contribution of participation in leisure activities both to the adaptation of an elderly person to his residence and to life satisfaction.
in terms of adaptation to the residence , participation in recreational activities exhibited this mediational sequence : leisure motivation for leisure→adjustment to nursing homes.
this suggests that leisure participation has an indirect effect on older people's adaptability.
various practical implications of this research emerge for the development of future recreational programs in nursing homes to promote seniors ' adaptation.
we also examined the influence of these factors on the relationship between efficiency and quality.
among the older population in canada , the majority of whom are women , incurable cancer is rampant.
having incurable cancer often implies suffering.
studies reveal that communication with one's circle is therefore often arduous , leading us to believe that it can cause suffering.
the consequences of disclosing one's illness and its suffering are also explored.
the results indicate that employer-provided pensions have substantial and significant incentive effects on retirement behaviour.
having poor health substantially increases the likelihood of entering retirement , by up to @number@ percentage points.
the results corroborate previous evidence regarding the relative importance of attenuation and justification bias in self-reported health measures.
further , the results confirm u.s. and european evidence that employer-provided pensions and health are significant determinants of retirement.
methods : a case study approach included both qualitative and quantitative components.
we reviewed documents and administered a short survey to study participants to assess perceptions of barriers to pain management.
results : the findings revealed barriers to effective ltc pain management at the resident / family , health care provider , and system levels.
we then developed a six-tiered model with proposed interventions to address these barriers.
conclusions : this model can guide the development of innovative approaches to improving pain management in ltc settings.
participants included @number@ adults aged @number@ and older ( m = 76.3 years ; sd = 7.7 ) .
participation was measured with the craig handicap assessment and reporting technique ( chart ) and the nottingham leisure questionnaire ( nlq ) .
this study suggests that clinicians should consider older adults ' use of transportation in an attempt to encourage and maximize their participation.
the two adults are a resident in a long-term care facility ( mike ) and a researcher.
a zpd is an ongoing cognitive / affective activity in which learning and development occur as participants interact.
this process is mediated by languaging.
during the emergent zpds , we observe how languaging brings together the cognitive and affective components essential for the participant's continued development.
over time , mike reclaims lost expertise and takes on new complex cognitive challenges.
outcomes for mike include both cognitive development and enhanced self-esteem.
thus , vitamin d has growingly been involved as a primary determinant of biological modifications and specific clinical conditions.
special focus is given to skeletal muscle and physical function.
limitations of available scientific evidence on the topic are also discussed.
the development of information and communication technologies for design of environments for ageing is of great importance considering demographic trends in the future.
there is a realistic hope for the preservation of self-determination and independence in the long term.
however , some risks like a gradual loss of privacy should not be underestimated.
the article discusses some ethical problems within this context.
older people have more health issues and use more healthcare services than young people.
consequently , many more records are created by various healthcare providers when they document the care they provided to the older person.
the law in most countries requires the healthcare provider to persist the records for a certain amount of time.
one of the major problems in the development of information and communication technologies for older adults is user acceptance.
the aim was to determine the ergonomic and functional requirements of such devices and to include these requirements in a user-centered development process.
a semi-structured interview format based on an interview guide was used to conduct three focus group discussions with @number@ participants.
overall , participants considered a fall prediction system to be as important as a fall detection system.
design specifications should include a wearable , non-stigmatising sensor at the user's wrist , with an emergency option in case of falling.
the food preparation was detected with a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@ using a vision sensor.
this contribution discusses technologies for acoustic user interaction in ambient-assisted living ( aal ) scenarios.
older persons targeted by aal technologies especially need more easy-to-use methods to interact with inherently complex supporting technology.
as an example we designed and evaluated an application for acoustic user interaction with a multi-media reminder and calendar system.
for this purpose , mainly older participants were involved in user studies to continuously evaluate and support the development strictly following a user-centred design process.
to live a self-determined life at home is uncontroversally a desire of many ageing people.
decreases in motor and mental capabilities , however , frequently make daily activities more difficult for them.
older people often forget tasks and appointments , and decreased mobility can limit their social interaction.
in this study , we investigate the way in which technological support can assist in the organisation , structuring and remembering of daily activities.
the evaluation results show a preference for solely acoustic presentations or an acoustic presentation in combination with visual and tactile output.
in our future work , we will refine the ambient and interactive presentation and implement and evaluate this technology in residential homes.
worldwide , ageing societies are bringing challenges for independent living and healthcare.
health-enabling technologies for pervasive healthcare and sensor-enhanced health information systems offer new opportunities for care.
interdisciplinary research projects on ict in ageing societies are needed and recommended.
during the last decade , the challenges of an ageing society became focus for extensive scientific , public and political discussions.
from discussions in scientific fora within each discipline , there is now a shift towards cross-disciplinary scientific approaches.
results show that research has emerged from being technology-focussed to scenario-based taking different scientific perspectives into account.
we report norms for the nart in a pooled sample from @number@ australian population-based studies of adults aged 65-103 years.
norms were stratified by sex and age left school in 5-year age groups.
the nart and the schonell had a strong linear relation , allowing for the imputation of nart scores based on schonell performance within @number@ study.
neither measure was sensitive to the effects of sex after adjusting for the effects of age and education.
early school leavers performed worse on both measures.
data pooling enables greater precision and improved generalizability of nart norms than do methods that use single older adult samples.
several studies reported the antioxidant activity of bifidobacteria using assays in vitro.
in present study , the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of bifidobacterium animalis @number@ was investigated.
culture supernatant , intact cells , and intracellular cell-free extracts of b. animalis @number@ were involved in this study.
the antioxidant assays in vivo were conducted using mice model.
activities of antioxidative enzymes , malondialdehyde ( mda ) content in serums and livers of aging mice were evaluated.
monoamine oxidase ( mao ) activity and lipofuscin level in brains of aging mice were also characterized.
our results indicated that b. animalis @number@ has the potential to be developed into a dietary antioxidant supplements.
unlabelled : resistance training ( rt ) is a proven sarcopenia countermeasure with a high degree of potency.
however , sustainability remains a major issue that could limit the appeal of rt as a therapeutic approach without well-defined dosing requirements to maintain gains.
purpose : to test the efficacy of two maintenance prescriptions on muscle mass , myofiber size and type distribution , and strength.
both maintenance prescriptions preserved phase @number@ muscle hypertrophy in the young but not the old.
in fact , the one-third maintenance dose led to additional myofiber hypertrophy in the young.
strength gained during phase @number@ was largely retained throughout detraining with only a slight reduction at the final time point.
advanced age is associated with the finding of abnormalities on neurological and cognitive assessment.
this review aims to identify studies that evaluated community samples of patients without a history of neurological disease and attempts to combine these data.
while neurological signs were common , they were not universal and should not be considered an inevitable component of ageing.
additionally , they are associated with an increased risk of multiple adverse outcomes including functional decline and death.
therefore they should not be considered benign.
cognitive changes detected in studies that examined healthy older adults were only mild.
more pronounced change suggests the development of dementia or mild cognitive impairment ( a precursor to dementia ) .
changes in either neurological or cognitive examination in older adults should be considered abnormal and due to underlying disease.
they should be investigated and treated in a similar way to abnormalities detected in younger individuals.
there are multiple mechanisms by which cells evade tgf-β-mediated growth inhibitory effects.
in this report , we describe a novel mechanism by which cells become resistant to tgf-β-mediated growth suppression.
with low-dose phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( pma ) or anti-igm treatment , tgf-β sensitivity was restored by stabilizing tβrii expression and sustaining tgf-β signaling.
the mek inhibitor , u0126 , blocked both pma- and anti-igm-induced upregulation of tβrii.
similar results were also obtained with normal b cells , where mek1 inhibitor downregulated tβrii and subsequent tgf-β signaling.
constitutively active mek1 , but not constitutively active erk2 , induced upregulation of tβrii.
furthermore , tβrii physically interacted with the constitutively active mek1 , but not with wild-type mek1 , indicating involvement of active mek1 in stabilizing tβrii.
collectively , our data suggest a novel mechanism for mek1 in regulating the sensitivity to tgf-β signaling by stabilizing tβrii.
two random-dot patterns were presented sequentially on a black screen , separated by a blank inter-stimulus interval ranging from @number@ s to @number@ s.
the spatiotemporal range yielding good direction discrimination performance was greatly reduced with age.
for isis longer than @number@ s , older subjects performed less accurately than younger subjects across a wide range of spatial displacements.
older subjects also showed poorer performance for large spatial displacements across a wide range of isis.
age-related differences in performance were also found with small displacements ; however , these were largely accounted for by age-related declines in visual acuity.
context : vitamin d deficiency and frailty are common with aging , but the association between these conditions is uncertain.
design : cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective cohort study.
setting : four u.s. centers.
participants : @number@ women aged≥69 years.
however , newer fractional co ( @number@ ) laser technology has reduced the recovery time and led to decreases in postprocedural hypo- and hyperpigmentation.
objectives : the authors investigate the application and outcomes of ablative fractional technology in a private cosmetic surgery practice.
data regarding patient demographics , pretreatment regimens , detailed operative data , and posttreatment findings were obtained.
a satisfaction survey was also sent to all patients.
results : throughout the 19-month study period , @number@ patients received @number@ treatments with an average follow-up of @number@ months.
full-face laser resurfacing was performed in @percent@ of patients , with @percent@ receiving their treatment under local anesthesia without sedation.
hyperpigmentation ( @percent@ ) , milia ( @percent@ ) , acne breakout ( @percent@ ) , and transient ectropion ( @percent@ ) were less common.
patient satisfaction surveys revealed that a majority of patients were satisfied with their results.
the side-effect profile is minor and infrequent.
this new technology provides significant clinical improvement with high patient satisfaction.
objectives : the authors describe their results with endotine brow fixation for browlift through a tbbl approach.
the surgeon completed an operative questionnaire immediately postoperatively , as well as a satisfaction questionnaire at one and three months postoperatively.
nineteen of the @number@ patients were followed up also completed satisfaction questionnaires at one and three postoperative months.
the results were tabulated to assess the safety and efficacy of the endotine device.
results : a 3-mm endotine browlift device was placed in most patients ( @number@ @percent@ ) .
the surgeon was satisfied with the performance of the endotine device , its ease of insertion , and the fixation provided in all cases.
the endotine was always palpable under the skin but visible in only roughly half of patients.
at three months , all fixations were judged as satisfactory or better.
patients reported being very satisfied with the results of the surgery initially ( @percent@ ) , and satisfaction improved with time ( @percent@ ) .
after three months , @percent@ of patients would recommend the procedure to others , an increase from @percent@ after one month.
background : aging in the malar fat pad is mainly caused by ptosis of the fibroadipose layer.
in the lower level of the face , atrophy or osseous rotation may contribute to the signs and symptoms of facial aging.
the sutures are fixed medially in an artificial orifice dissected on the frontal process of the maxilla , above the alar groove.
the sutures are distributed evenly on the face , directly supporting the jowl , the malar fat pad , and the periorbital tissue.
laterally , the loops are fixed under tension on the temporal fascia and the periosteum of the lateral orbital rim.
the vector of tissue displacement is upward and concentric , opposing the vector of the aging process , and the fixation is consistent.
results : postoperative complications included moderate and transitory pain ; patients reported no major complications or recidivisms during the follow-up period of two years.
results showed aesthetic improvement for all patients.
conclusions : the present technique has proven simple and effective in a small cohort over two years.
a longer follow-up period with more patients would be valuable in further documenting the procedure.
protein function is generated and maintained by the proteostasis network ( pn ) ( balch et al.
( @number@ ) science , 319 : 916 ) .
mismanagement of protein folding and function triggered by genetic , epigenetic and environmental causes poses a major challenge to human health and lifespan.
herein , we address the impact of proteostasis defined by the foldfx model on our understanding of protein folding and function in biology.
foldfx describes how general proteostasis control ( gpc ) enables the polypeptide chain sequence to achieve functional balance in the context of the cellular proteome.
modeling general proteostasis provides a rational basis for tackling some of the most challenging diseases facing mankind in the 21st century.
we used the information and digit span subtests of the wechsler adult intelligent scale-revised as measures of semantic memory and short-term memory , respectively.
no significant correlations between performance on the cognitive tests and white matter volume were found.
data were from the woodlawn study , a prospective study of children and their families from an african american community in chicago.
mothers who were assessed in @number@ and in @number@ reported involvement in religious and secular organizations.
women with late only , persistent , and diverse and persistent ce reported significantly better health compared to non-involved women.
persistently engaged women were less likely to report anxious or depressed mood than those with early ce only.
persistent and diverse ce was more highly associated with better physical functioning than was persistent ce.
results highlight the strong positive link between health and concurrent , persistent , and diverse ce among african american women.
cramer's v was calculated to examine the relationship between each item and the adl.
selected items can comprehensively and properly assess the fall risk of the healthy elderly as compared with existing questionnaires.
this study aimed to clarify the age-level difference of hand grip power in females.
peak velocity of the dominant hand was measured using three different loads of @number@ @number@ and @percent@ of maximum voluntary contraction ( mvc ) .
the mvc and hand grip power were meaningfully greater in the young group than in the elderly group.
in conclusion , the age-level difference in hand grip power using relative loads depends more greatly on mvc than velocity in females.
the muscle tensile related to hand grip movement decreases with age.
in cases , the association with early mi risk remained statistically significant after adjustment for triglycerides ( p = @number@ ) .
this raises the possibility that apoa5-1131t > c may affect the risk of early mi over and above effects mediated by triglycerides.
the response of adh to the infusion of hypertonic saline divides siadh into @number@ different types.
in type d , there is no alteration in adh secretion.
rather , the defect is the maintained permeability of kidney aquaporin-2 channels to water.
activating mutations of the @date@ receptor have been identified.
the most frequent cause of siadh is the use of drugs that induce secretion of the hormone.
old age is per se a risk factor for its development.
treatment is directed towards normalization of natremia when possible , together with the avoidance of both hyponatremic encephalopathy as well as the osmotic demyelinization syndrome.
hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance.
this disorder is usually produced by water retention due to the patient's inability to balance water excretion with ingestion of liquids.
the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia should include plasma osmolality , which can be increased , normal or decreased.
most true hyponatremias are grouped in the latter category.
in hyponatremia with normal extracellular volume , there is free water retention due to a series of stimuli.
this entity is seen mainly in hospitalized patients with hypothyroidism or syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
hyponatremia is underdiagnosed and , more seriously , undertreated , despite numerous studies demonstrating its devastating effects on hospital admissions.
the most useful laboratory tests for its diagnosis are urinary sodium concentration , plasma osmolality and urinary osmolality.
clinical decision rules ( cdrs ) have been developed and implemented for vte.
yet , until now , no study has evaluated the existing evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of cdrs for vte in elderly.
purpose : to assess the effect of increasing age on diagnostic accuracy of cdrs for vte in elderly.
data sources : a computerized systematic search was performed in medline and embase from @number@ to @number@
after checking reference lists and field experts , all key journals were hand searched.
limitations : a limited number of studies met our inclusion criteria.
possible referral bias due to inclusion of relatively high risk elderly patients.
moreover , due to referral bias the decrease in specificity in the elderly may even be underestimated.
extracellular thiol / disulfide redox environments are highly regulated in healthy individuals.
the major thiol / disulfide redox couple in human plasma is cysteine ( cys ) and its disulfide form , cystine ( cyss ) .
plasma redox-state-based pharmacologic interventions to control or improve e ( h ) cyss may be effective in preventing cvd onset or progression.
with age , cardiac performance declines progressively and the risk of heart disease , a primary cause of mortality , rises dramatically.
as for the human heart , drosophila heart function also deteriorates with age.
notably , with progressive age the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias , myofibrillar disorganization and susceptibility to heart dysfunction and failure all increase significantly.
these highlighted genes and pathways will be able to inform future research , including results for psychiatric disease.
capacities of the prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) such as working memory ( wm ) are known to decline with increasing age.
however , it is unclear which neurofunctional mechanisms may underlie this aging-related cognitive decline.
older volunteers activated dorsolateral pfc regions bilaterally while young subjects recruited these areas only in the left hemisphere.
these data corroborate the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in the pfc associated with aging ( harold ) account.
however , we also observed functional reorganizations in parieto-occipital areas , and with increasing wm demands , an aging-related reversed hemispheric asymmetry of prefrontal activations.
importantly , neither pfc nor parieto-occipital reorganizations prevented older participants from showing worse wm performance than young volunteers.
we conclude that frontal-parietal functional reorganizations may reflect compensational mechanisms related to aging , but do not obviate diminished visual-spatial wm performance in older people.
glycogen synthase kinase-3β ( gsk3b ) and cyclin-dependent kinase @number@ ( cdk5 ) are the @number@ major protein kinases involved in abnormal phosphorylation of tau.
moreover , moderate to significant interaction between different loci were observed for the entire pd cohort or late onset pd only.
thus , synergistic effect between the @number@ major tau kinases , through these snps , appears to determine the risk profile for pd.
we randomly assigned @number@ older adults with mild cognitive impairment to either a high carbohydrate or very low carbohydrate diet.
level of depressive symptoms was not affected.
ketone levels were positively correlated with memory performance ( p = @number@ ) .
further investigation of this intervention is warranted to evaluate its preventive potential and mechanisms of action in the context of early neurodegeneration.
research on age-related cognitive change traditionally focuses on either development or aging , where development ends with adulthood and aging begins around @number@ years.
this approach ignores age-related changes during the @number@ years in-between , implying that this period is uninformative.
here we investigated face recognition as an ability that may mature late relative to other abilities.
using data from over @number@ participants , we traced the ability to learn new faces from pre-adolescence through middle age.
methods : data ( n = @number@ ) from the second longitudinal study of aging was used.
lsc score was created by the use of seven social connection measures.
subjects with a score ≥90% of the distribution in the total sample were classified having lsc.
results : subjects with lsc , dm , or both had significantly greater risks of death.
the corresponding values were @number@ ( @number@.70-2.73 ) in white women and @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) in aa women.
those who had lsc but had no dm , had a similar survival trend to those who had dm only.
conclusions : the risk of lsc for mortality is similar to dm.
both factors are independent predictors of death among white and aa adults.
in addition to controlling disease risks , improvement of social connections may offer new insights to the reduction of mortality among older adults.
background : telomeres are complex structures formed by the end of the dna molecule at the tip of chromosomal arms.
because of the characteristics of the dna replication process , only telomerase is able to elongate the telomeric sequence.
a critically shortened telomere activates the genetic program of cell senescence and / or apoptosis.
telomere erosion has been observed in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and mood disorders , suggesting an accelerated aging of @number@ to @number@ years.
whether this peripheral dynamic is reflected by a similar pattern in the brain remains unknown.
results have been expressed by the ratios of ct obtained for the two amplification curves.
results : the mean ct values were strictly identical ( @number@ ± @number@ ) and the @number@ pcr curves were coincident.
discussion : this study demonstrates for the first time that there is no shortening of telomeres in the cortex of patients with depressive disorder.
this observation raises the issue of the relation between the psychiatric pathological process and the peripheral telomere marker.
it suggests the existence of specific telomere stabilizing factors in the cortex cells.
cognitive training for persons with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) has become a hot topic.
however to date it remains controversial whether persons with mci can really benefit from cognitive intervention.
we aim to further investigate this by using meta-analysis of seventeen clinical studies of cognitive intervention for mci.
the results demonstrate that after training , patients with mci improve significantly both in overall cognition and overall self-ratings.
the results also suggest that persons with mci benefit from the cognitive intervention in the follow-up data.
hence , understanding mechanisms of brain aging and identifying associated modulators may have profound consequences for the prevention and treatment of age-related impairments and diseases.
finally , we discuss the implications of this model for understanding basic mechanisms of brain aging and for the future investigation of therapeutic approaches.
the reversal of t cell abnormalities of immunosenescence by low concentrations of lenalidomide suggest a potential for improvement of immunity in the elderly.
background : aging is under genetic control in c. elegans , but the mechanisms of life-span regulation are not completely known.
micrornas ( mirnas ) regulate various aspects of development and metabolism , and one mirna has been previously implicated in life span.
some act to promote normal life span and stress resistance , whereas others inhibit these phenomena.
we find that these mirnas genetically interact with genes in the dna damage checkpoint response pathway and in the insulin signaling pathway.
conclusions : our findings reveal that mirnas both positively and negatively influence life span.
although many alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients have a family history of the disease , it is rarely inherited in a predictable way.
mutation carriers did not show significantly different voxelwise fmri activity from noncarriers as a group.
this suggests that during novelty encoding , increased fmri activity in the temporal lobe may relate to incipient ad processes.
the hippocampus is a crucial player across several learning and memory domains , and is highly vulnerable to alterations during aging.
however , they represent only a small fraction of genes known to be expressed in this region.
examples of the possible functional role of some of these genes ( e.g. transthyretin , quinone reductase @number@ ) and gene products are discussed.
macrophages belong to the innate immune system and as such constitute one of the first barriers against infection.
after scavenging debris , they can digest cellular proteins into smaller pieces , and protein-derived peptides can subsequently be presented to the immune system.
macrophages constitute a heterogeneous cell population described by many names , with varying phenotypic characteristics , depending on their tissue location and state of activation.
one would thus expect macrophages to belong to the \ "good guys \ " that help to protect our body against dangers such as cancer.
in human uveal melanoma however , a high density of macrophages is associated with a poor prognosis for the patient.
these functions may shift during aging.
a better understanding of these multifaceted cells will help in developing new treatments to prevent the growth of metastases in uveal melanoma patients.
background and aims : diabetic ketoacidosis ( dka ) is still a severe complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of dka in children with newly diagnosed type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t1dm ) .
material and methods : the study group consisted of new-onset type @number@ diabetic patients admitted to our hospital between @date@ and @date@ .
hemoglobin a1c , blood gases , and fasting c-peptide level were evaluated in all children.
misdiagnosis was significantly associated with the incidence of dka.
in the group with dka , c-peptide level was significantly lower than in the group without dka ( p = @number@ )
the most prone to dka were children under @number@ yr of age ( n = @number@ ) .
there was significant correlation between the c-peptide level and age of children ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
a global increase in older people will also mean an increase in the numbers of lesbian , gay and bisexual people requiring residential support.
this study describes lesbian , gay and bisexual people's accommodation plans for old age through a cross-sectional quantitative survey design.
participants were recruited through mainstream and lesbian , gay and bisexual media and venues.
a total of @number@ participants completed the 133-item survey.
aim : the aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the chinese general self-efficacy scale and gender invariance in the structure.
the cronbach alpha value was high ( 0·89 ) .
background : significant changes in scalp , facial and body hair occur after the menopause.
these can have a significant negative impact on self-esteem and are also potential markers of endocrine or metabolic diseases.
knowledge of postmenopausal hair changes is important for clinicians to distinguish between normal physiological change and those that require further medical investigation.
objectives : to assess the subjective experience of scalp , facial and body hair change in a large cohort of normal postmenopausal females.
women with a history of thyroid disease , oophorectomy or premature menopause were excluded from the study.
results : diffuse generalized hair loss was the most common form of scalp hair loss , reported by @percent@ of women.
frontal hair loss was reported by @percent@ of women.
body hair loss was significantly correlated with older age ( p < 0·001 ) and was most frequent at androgen-sensitive sites.
conclusions : this is the first comprehensive study of the subjective hair changes in postmenopausal women.
it is not sustained heat , however , that usually causes burns ; it is a more rapid application of heat.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) is a disease of unknown origin and progression that primarily affects older adults.
in particular , herpesviruses have been linked with ipf.
this article summarizes the evidence for and against viral cofactors in ipf pathogenesis.
we also review early evidence to suggest that the aged lung may be particularly susceptible to viral-induced fibrosis and make recommendations for future research directions.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is often associated with the preclinical phase of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
special scoring of word-list recall data for serial position has been suggested to improve discrimination of normal aging from dementia.
we examined serial position effects in word-list recall for mci participants compared to alzheimer patients and controls.
individuals with mci , like alzheimer patients , had a diminished primacy effect in recalling words from a list.
no alternative scoring system was better than standard scoring of word-list recall in distinguishing mci patients from controls.
retention weighted scoring improved the discrimination of mci and ad groups.
forty elderly participants completed a str task under four different conditions which were thought to differentially involve ltm representations.
several executive functions , among which the strategic retrieval ability , were evaluated.
we examined the effect of cognitive fatigue on the attention networks test ( ant ) .
participants were @number@ non-demented older adults.
cognitive fatigue was operationally defined as decline in alerting , orienting , and executive attention performance over the course of the ant.
consistent with our prediction , significant cognitive fatigue effect was observed in executive attention but not in alerting or orienting.
in contrast , orienting improved over the course of the ant and alerting showed a trend , though insignificant , that was consistent with learning.
listeners can selectively attend to a desired target by directing attention to known target source features , such as location or pitch.
reverberation , however , reduces the reliability of the cues that allow a target source to be segregated and selected from a sound mixture.
given this , it is likely that reverberant energy interferes with selective auditory attention.
the current study was designed to look for individual differences in selective attention ability and to see if any such differences correlate with age.
simultaneous , competing masker digit streams were simulated at locations 15° left and right of center.
the level of reverberation was varied to alter task difficulty by interfering with localization cues ( increasing localization blur ) .
overall , performance was best in the anechoic condition and worst in the high-reverberation condition.
listeners nearly always reported a digit from one of the three competing streams , showing that reverberation did not render the digits unintelligible.
importantly , inter-subject differences were extremely large.
these differences , however , were not significantly correlated with age , memory span , or hearing status.
further work is necessary to determine if these differences arise from differences in peripheral auditory function or in more central function.
by @number@ the number of older persons across the globe will exceed the number of younger people for the first time in history.
chronic conditions , especially pain , will rise in prevalence as the population ages.
cadaveric studies permit more precise measurement of hsa parameters and allow further analyses by micromorphometric methods.
hsa parameters are reported for three standard regions of the proximal femur ( narrow neck , intertrochanteric , and shaft ) .
aging femoral neck declines in bending strength and increases in buckling susceptibility.
the reduced bone mass tends to be distributed farther from the centroidal axis ( increase in radius of gyration with decline in csa ) .
results of this study contribute to the epidemiologic data on gender differences and age trends in aging male and female femora.
an association between progression of cervical disc degeneration and that of lumbar disc degeneration has been considered to exist.
to date , however , this association has not yet been adequately studied.
the study was conducted on @number@ patients who were diagnosed as having lumbar disc herniation and underwent cervical spine mri.
the presence of lumbar disc herniation was associated significantly with decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion in the cervical spine.
of the mri findings was significantly associated with the gender , smoking , sports activities , or bmi.
the result of this study suggests that disc degeneration appears to be a systemic phenomenon.
it can represented human aging and disease.
methods : telomere lengths of @number@ healthy persons are measured with real-time pcr in blood cells.
plasma samples from all subjects are analyzed using direct elisa.
results : from @number@ years old person to @number@ years , the telomere length becomes shorter during aging.
in blood plasma , the expression levels of cramp increases during human aging.
there is the reverse correspondence between the telomere length and the plasma cramp level.
conclusion : this cramp elisa could become a powerful tool for investigating the relationship between human aging and telomere length shortening.
the effects of long-term supplementation with sse on arterial stiffness in human subjects were evaluated.
the sse-supplemented group also showed a trend towards a lower autoantibody titer at @number@ weeks from baseline.
these results suggest long-term ingestion of sse in humans could help to improve arterial stiffness.
background and aims : hip fracture in older people is an event associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality.
in this study we compared the clinical outcomes of two groups of orthogeriatric patients in an orthogeriatric care ( oc ) programme.
methods : for this purpose , oc patients were prospectively enrolled from @date@ to @date@ , following oc criteria.
door-to-bed time , time to surgery , mobilisation time , length of stay , and post-operative complications were compared between the oc groups.
concerning outcomes , in the oc-1 group only mobilization time was significantly lower ( p = 0.01 ) .
no differences were observed in post-operative complications.
conclusions : in frail older people , hip fracture co-management , with the geriatrician as primary attendant , leads to satisfying outcomes.
the oc-1 and oc-2 courses exhibit similar clinical results.
an improvement in several organisational aspects , including coordination between hospital and rehabilitation services , is warranted.
thus , we developed a novel approach to examine this issue.
reliable estimates of prognosis would help to inform care and management of this frail and vulnerable population.
logistic regression models were used to adjust odds of mortality and readmission to icu for baseline case mix and illness severity.
in parkinson disease ( pd ) brain , a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to dopamine depletion in the striatum and reduced motor function.
lewy bodies , the characteristic neuropathological lesions found in the brain of pd patients , are composed mainly of α-synuclein protein.
three point mutations in the α-synuclein gene are associated with familial pd.
in addition , genome-wide association studies indicate that α-synuclein and tau protein synergistically increase disease susceptibility in the human population.
in mouse brain , ablation of α-synuclein function significantly suppresses tau phosphorylation at ser ( @number@ ) .
in vitro , α-synuclein binds to phosphorylated ser ( @number@ ) of tau and stimulates pka-catalyzed tau phosphorylation at ser ( @number@ ) .
pd-associated α-synuclein mutations increase α-synuclein binding to tau and stimulate tau phosphorylation at ser ( @number@ ) .
in hek-293 cells , α-synuclein and its all pd-associated mutants destabilize the microtubule cytoskeleton in a similar extent.
in contrast , when co-expressed with tau , these pd-associated mutants destabilize microtubules with significantly higher potency than wt.
the steep decline in both natural fertility and success after assisted reproduction treatment with increasing maternal age is universally recognized.
the reproductive outcomes of the egg provider and recipient can thus be compared to quantify the significance of oocyte quality.
data gathered from two comparable treatment centres resulted in @number@ pairs of egg sharing providers and their recipients that could be analysed statistically.
the probability of a recipient pregnancy increased by almost @number@
such results strongly indicate the key importance of oocyte quality for a successful clinical outcome in egg sharing practices and assisted reproduction treatment more generally.
in that regard the icd is simultaneously a technology of life extension and dying.
we show how evidence contributes to standards of care and to the expansion of medicare reimbursement criteria.
together , those factors shape the ethical necessity of physicians offering and patients accepting the icd in late life.
two ethnographic examples document the ways in which those factors are lived in treatment discussions and in expectations about death and longevity.
amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide is a key component of amyloid plaques , one of the pathological features of alzheimer's disease.
another feature is pronounced cell loss in the brain leading to an enlargement of the ventricular area and a decrease in brain weight and volume.
additionally , aβ binds more efficiently to cells expressing activated α2 integrin.
finally the inhibition of aβ neurotoxicity with domain v is synergistic with inhibitors of αv integrin and β1 integrin.
the training produced a benefit in both the criterion and transfer tasks , which was maintained at follow-up.
the findings confirmed the importance of considering the role of metacognitive attitudes of older adults in memory training activities.
the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( gord ) has been increasing worldwide.
these different environmental factors interact with gord pathogenesis in a potentially negative way.
oesophago-gastric junction ( ogj ) competence , oesophageal clearance mechanisms and reflux causticity are involved in gord pathophysiology.
obesity alters gord pathogenesis by disrupting the ogj and increasing intragastric pressure.
additionally , the number of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations is potentially increased in obese patients.
the potential effect of obesity on oesophageal peristalsis and the implication of impaired oesophageal clearance in gord pathogenesis are still to establish.
ageing also plays an important role in gord pathogenesis by decreasing lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and impairing oesophageal clearance.
however a link between these abnormalities and an increased acid oesophageal exposure has not yet been demonstrated in the elderly.
the role of h. pylori and its eradication remain controversial.
the type of hp gastritis may explain the controversial effect.
hp with antral predominant gastritis is responsible for an increased gastric acid secretion and thus promotes gord.
the association of gord and the type of hp gastritis remains to be confirmed.
elevated brain iron content , which has been observed in late-stage human alzheimer's disease , is a potential target for early diagnosis.
however , the time course for iron accumulation is currently unclear.
we found that iron in the cortex was @percent@ higher than age-matched controls at an early stage , corresponding to the commencement of plaque formation.
the elevated iron was not associated with the amyloid plaques.
after extended proliferation , cells enter a state of replicative quiescence that is probably due to progressive telomere shortening.
it is supposed that changes in telomere structure eventually expose the chromosome ends to undesired recombination events and thus promote cell senescence.
the telomeric @number@'-overhang is crucial for efficient chromosome capping , but its specific role in telomere shortening and in triggering the senescence program is uncertain.
we have addressed this issue by measuring the @number@'-overhangs of a human tissue cells aging in vivo.
the @number@'-overhangs were analyzed in blood samples from @number@ individuals aged 91-106 years and @number@ individuals ranging from @number@ months to @number@ years.
these subjects had @number@'-overhang length distributions skewed towards shorter tails , the shortest overall telomere lengths and the highest frequencies of very short telomeres.
these data raise the possibility that during ageing very short telomeres with very poor @number@'-overhangs can reach a critical point for functional telomeres.
bnip3 downregulates mitochondrial mass in hypoxic cells , whereas nix is required for mitochondrial elimination during erythroid development.
bnip3 and nix have an emerging role in human health.
cell death mediated by bnip3 and nix is implicated in heart disease and ischemic injury.
cancer progression is linked to loss of the prodeath function of bnip3 , but also to induction of its prosurvival activity.
finally , bnip3 and nix are implicated in mitochondrial quality control , which is important in aging and degenerative disease.
elucidation of the mechanisms by which bnip3 and nix regulate cell death , autophagy , and mitochondrial clearance may lead to treatments for these conditions.
pregnancy and vaginal delivery affect pelvic floor by increased intra-abdominal pressure , direct muscle trauma , nerve injury and connective tissue damage.
even if pelvic floor dysfunction is more common after vaginal delivery compared to cesarean section , the differences are less clear after long-term follow up.
it is possible to prevent some of the birth injuries by careful obstetric management.
old age is nowadays defined as very old and people are characterized by illness , degeneration and health costs.
several questions were addressed.
first , how do interactions among morphology and tissue quality traits relate to functional adaptation ?
second , what are the emergent patterns of functionally adapted trait sets in long bones ?
third , how effective is phenotypic integration at establishing function across a population ?
fourth , what are the emergent patterns of functionally adapted trait sets in corticocancellous structures ?
fifth , how do functional interactions change with aging ?
traits are not regulated independently but vary simultaneously ( ie , covary ) in specific ways to establish function.
this covariation results in individuals acquiring unique sets of traits to establish bone quality.
purpose : adjuvant therapy reduces the risk of recurrence of breast cancer.
this study was undertaken to determine characteristics guiding choice of adjuvant therapy.
univariate analysis was used to select factors ( p < @number@ ) for entry into multivariate stepwise logistic regressions.
odds ratios with @percent@ confidence intervals were calculated.
a p value of < 0.05 was significant , and comparisons were two-tailed.
results : model @number@ ( n = @number@ ) assessed the prescription of any adjuvant regimen ( hormonal or chemotherapy ) .
model @number@ ( n = @number@ ) assessed chemotherapy in er + patients.
further studies are required to compare these models where risk stratification is different.
additionally , concentration of crp , as a marker of inflammation , was measured.
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : the study group consisted of @number@ subjects , aged 71-88 years.
measurements : anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses of fasting blood samples were performed by standardized methods.
according to the international diabetic federation ( idf ) criteria , metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in @number@ subjects.
results : no clear influence of metabolic syndrome on sse , szn and scu concentration and sod and cat activity was found.
measurements : weight , height , triceps skinfold thickness and mid arm circumference were recorded at baseline.
results : @number@ patients were recruited with a mean age of @number@ years ( sd @number@ ) .
@percent@ were female.
mean baseline serum magnesium and phosphate levels were @number@ mmol / l and @number@ mmol / l respectively.
no correlation was shown between these changes in electrolytes and muscle strength.
regression analyses did not show that risk factors for refeeding syndrome were associated with falls in electrolyte levels.
conclusion : changes in serum magnesium and phosphate levels do not correlate with changes in muscle strength in older hospitalised patients.
risk factors for refeeding syndrome did not predict falls in serum phosphate or magnesium.
the role of physical activity amongst older people in inpatient rehabilitation settings has been little studied.
walking has a number of potential benefits for older people in rehabilitation but it is not known whether increased walking improves outcomes in this population.
until now mobility monitoring has not been possible in routine practice.
recently tri-axial accelerometers have been validated for ambulatory activity monitoring in older adults.
accelerometry has the potential to explore the role of walking in older patients in rehabilitation.
providing data regarding activity levels may improve patient motivation and assist clinicians with activity prescription.
future research could determine the relationship between activity levels and patient outcomes.
few epidemiological studies have been conducted in this field , particularly in europe.
design , setting and participants : subjects were recruited in bordeaux ( france ) from the ongoing population-based 3c study.
measurements : vascular , genetic and nutritional factors were assessed at baseline ( 1999-2001 ) and follow-up examinations of the 3c study.
eye diseases were classified according to international classifications.
conclusions : this study confirms the high prevalence of eye diseases in the elderly.
it may help design future interventional studies , which might be common with other age-related disorders , because of common nutritional factors.
background : physical activity promotes health in older adults but participation rates are low.
interactive video dance games can increase activity in young persons but have not been designed for use with older adults.
the purpose of this research was to evaluate healthy older adults ' interest and participation in a dance game adapted for an older user.
before and after the program , data was collected on vital signs , physical function and self reported quality of life.
feedback was obtained during and after training.
results : of @number@ persons who entered ( mean age @number@ + @number@ years , @number@ % female ) , @number@ completed the study.
completers were healthier than noncompleters.
completers showed gains in narrow walk time , self-reported balance confidence and mental health.
while there were no serious adverse events , @number@ of @number@ noncompleters withdrew due to musculoskeletal complaints.
conclusions : adapted interactive video dance is feasible for some healthy older adults and may help achieve physical activity goals.
participants : ten healthy , untrained female volunteers participated in this study.
the subjects continuously wore a lifecorder during a 7-day period and the nutritional intake was measured before the initial blood sample collection.
results : there were no significant changes in weight , bmi , fat mass , or fat-free mass.
there were no significant differences in daily energy consumption , physical activity and nutritional intake.
peripheral blood variables did not change significantly.
objectives : prior studies have suggested a relationship between dehydration and poor cognitive performance.
setting : laboratory.
participants : @number@ postmenopausal women ( mean age @number@ sd @number@ ) .
when diastolic blood pressure was accounted for , the relationship between hydration status and cognitive skills was attenuated.
a similar pattern of results was seen for systolic blood pressure , although findings did not reach statistical significance.
conclusions : results emphasize the importance of considering hydration status and blood pressure when interpreting cognitive performance in older adults.
participants : @number@ patients were included in the study.
finally , the subjects were categorized into two groups according to having cd or not.
results : @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects were not having cd whereas @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients with cd.
of the patients with cd , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had mci , @number@ ( @percent@ ) ad , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) vad.
conclusions : we found the risk of cd decreases in overweight and obese elderly.
objectives : folate status and / or genes have been linked to depression in a number of studies.
this study examines folate and related thiol metabolism that might underpin either phenomenon.
setting : new south wales ( australia ) retirement village.
participants : @number@ elderly participants ( age 65-90 years ) .
cys-gly is a recognised ligand at the n-methyl-d-aspartatic acid ( nmda ) subclass of glutamate receptor , a system associated with depression.
in addition , the c677t-mthfr association adds further support to existing findings underscoring the potential role of folate in depression.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : alzheimer center , ss.
trinita hospital , cagliari , and \ "monsignor angioni \ " nursing home , quartu sant'elena ( cagliari , italy ) .
the biva technique is a promising tool for the screening and monitoring of nutrition and hydration status in alzheimer's disease.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : seven public nursing homes.
participants : @number@ subjects , aged 65-96 years.
measurements : food intake was assessed by a 4-day weighed-food record.
iron status indices were measured.
barthel ' s index was used to evaluate functional status.
illnesses were ascertained from medical records.
results : anemia was found in @percent@ of subjects studied.
average dietary intakes fulfilled the amounts of recommended dietary intake for spanish elderly population , except for folate.
a substantial percentage of subjects exhibited folate dietary deficit ( @percent@ ) .
mean ( sd ) bmi was @number@ ( @number@ ) kg / m2 , and functional status @number@ ( @number@ ) .
hemoglobin concentration was positively associated with the energy and nutrient dietary intake , and negatively with age , bmi and functional status.
conclusions : based on world health organization criteria , anemia was found in @percent@ of elderly subjects studied.
iron deficiency seems to be the main cause of anemia , and chronic disease the second cause of anemia.
dietary intake is not one of the principal causes of anemia in the study population , except for folate intake.
the aim of this study was to compare intracellular and extracellular magnesium concentrations in geriatric outpatients.
moreover , we examined whether a significant correlation between magnesium parameters and clinical outcome existed.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : geriatric medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital.
participants : a total of @number@ patients with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years were involved.
measurements : intra-erythrocyte magnesium levels were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
results : serum magnesium levels were within normal range in all patients , whereas intra-erythrocyte magnesium measurements were low in @percent@ of the patients.
increase in serum levels were together with just only a slightly increase in intra-erythrocyte measurements and the relationship was very weak.
intra-erythrocyte mg levels were not significantly correlated with many laboratory or clinical parameters.
methods : this was a cross-sectional , population-based household survey.
multinomial logistic regression analysis ( crude and adjusted ) was used.
results : the estimation of the prevalence of underweight was @percent@ and that of overweight was @percent@.
there was negative association between underweight , and hypertension and diabetes.
hypertension ( or = @number@ ) was positively associated with overweight.
the lower likelihood of overweight was observed among men , smokers , and those aged @number@ years and more.
conclusion : the elderly population of havana presents a vulnerable nutritional status in view of the prevalence of underweight and overweight.
increasing age , smoking , gender , and hypertension are the factors positively associated with vulnerable nutritional status.
here we investigate the developmental and physiological functions of ing2 through targeted germline disruption.
consistent with its abundant expression in mouse and human testes , male mice deficient for ing2 showed abnormal spermatogenesis and were infertile.
their testes showed degeneration of seminiferous tubules , meiotic arrest before pachytene stage with incomplete meiotic recombination , induction of p53 , and enhanced apoptosis.
this phenotype was only partially abrogated by concomitant loss of p53 in the germline.
the arrested spermatocytes in ing2 ( - / - ) testes were characterized by lack of specific hdac1 accumulation and deregulated chromatin acetylation.
the role of ing2 in germ cell maturation may extend to human ing2 as well.
in addition , we validated differential methylation of nod2 / card15 by bisulfite sequencing in ds versus control t-cells.
the differentially methylated genes were found on various autosomes , with no enrichment on chromosome @number@
we conclude that altered gene-specific dna methylation is a recurrent and functionally relevant downstream response to trisomy @number@ in human cells.
recently , many researchers have used graph theory to study the aberrant brain structures in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and have made great progress.
however , the characteristics of the cortical network in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are still largely unexplored.
the measurements of the network properties were calculated for each of the three groups respectively.
we found that all three cortical networks exhibited small-world properties and those strong interhemispheric correlations existed between bilaterally homologous regions.
the small-world measures of the mci network exhibited intermediate values.
this finding is logical given that mci is considered to be the transitional stage between normal aging and ad.
in harsh conditions , caenorhabditis elegans arrests development to enter a non-aging , resistant diapause state called the dauer larva.
olfactory sensation modulates the tgf-β and insulin signaling pathways to control this developmental decision.
disruption of daf-25 , which localizes to sensory cilia , produces no apparent cilia structure anomalies , as determined by light and electron microscopy.
indeed , we demonstrate that daf-25 is required for proper daf-11 ciliary localization.
furthermore , the functional interaction is evolutionarily conserved , as mouse ankmy2 interacts with guanylyl cyclase gc1 from ciliary photoreceptors.
background : as stem cells of the early embryo mature and differentiate into all tissues , the mitochondrial complement undergoes dramatic functional improvement.
therapeutic approaches that protect synapses from degeneration in the aging brain offer the potential to slow or halt the progression of such conditions.
increasing age had no influence on levels of synaptic protection.
differences between women and men in terms of gender gaps at late stages of their lives are the focus of this mini-review.
lifespan perspectives and the brain-behavior relationship are integrated and applied to geropsychological models.
prevailing concepts of ' active aging ' are introduced and their implications for the review of divergent gender differences are considered.
background : elder abuse is a pervasive human right and public health issue.
objectives : we aimed to examine the mortality associated with elder abuse across levels of psychological and social factors.
methods : the chicago health and aging project ( chap ) is a prospective population-based cohort study that began in @number@
a subset of these participants enrolled between @number@ and @number@ had elder abuse reported to social services agencies ( n = @number@ ) .
mortality was ascertained during follow-up and with the national death index.
psychosocial factors ( depression , social network and social engagement ) were assessed during the chap interview.
cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the mortality of elder abuse across levels of psychosocial factors using time-varying covariate analyses.
results : the median follow-up time for the cohort ( n = @number@ ) was @number@ years ( interquartile range @date@ @number@ years ) .
aim : cardiorespiratory fitness ( crf ) is independently associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
we hypothesized that high crf may be associated with reduced age-related carotid arterial remodeling.
this cross-sectional study was performed to determine the relationships between crf and age-related luminal dilation and wall thickening.
carotid artery intima-media thickness ( imt ) and lumen diameter were measured on ultrasound images.
carotid wall mass was calculated as ρl ( πre ( @number@ ) -ri ( @number@ ) ) .
multiple regression analysis indicated that the value of vo ( 2peak ) was independently correlated with carotid imt , lumen diameter and wall mass.
disruption of the gh receptor ( ghr ) gene eliminates gh-induced intracellular signaling and , thus , its biological actions.
since its creation in @number@ this mouse strain has been used by our laboratory and others for numerous studies ranging from growth to aging.
some of the most notable discoveries are their extreme insulin sensitivity in the presence of obesity.
this review summarizes the many results derived from the ghr- / - mice.
design : this was a randomized controlled trial.
conclusion : in nonobese subjects , fasted serum acs are associated with si and fat mass.
despite similar weight loss , serum acs increase with cr alone but not cr + ex.
background : assays to evaluate platelet function are often interchangeably used to assess \ "resistance \ " to aspirin.
we compared different platelet function assays in patients treated or untreated with aspirin.
in @number@ aspirin-treated patients , serum thromboxane b ( @number@ ) levels were also measured.
adp-induced aggregation was unaffected by aspirin , while collagen-induced aggregation was reduced.
arachidonic acid-induced aggregation was almost completely suppressed ( % maximum light transmittance aggregometry = 5 ± @percent@ ) .
there was , however , no correlation between the various platelet function tests.
extreme caution should , therefore , be used in defining \ "resistance \ " to aspirin on the basis of the results of these tests.
the field of evolutionary demography has long focused on understanding the evolution of senescence while largely failing to address the evolution of ontogenescence.
hypotheses seeking to explain ontogenescence include those based on kin selection , the acquisition of robustness , heterogeneous frailties and life-history optimization.
some systemic conditions can cause abnormal physiological maturation , and skeletal maturation is usually more delayed than dental maturation.
no significant differences were found between dental and chronological age in boys with cerebral palsy , mental retardation , or down syndrome.
alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia.
as the aging population increases , alzheimer's disease is becoming a major concern of public health.
many molecular lesions have been detected in alzheimer's disease , but physiopathology is still poorly understood.
if the neurotoxicity of anaesthetics in human remains debatable , perioperative period is certainly a high-risk factor for cognitive impairment , especially in elderly population.
large clinical studies are required to develop new strategies for perioperative management in such patients , including the adjustment of anaesthesia techniques.
before that , information of patient and its relatives and a particular attention for elderly during anaesthesia and perioperative period should be considered.
associations between postmenopausal hormone therapy ( ht ) and cognitive decline may depend on apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) status or timing of initiation.
the tests assessed general cognition ( telephone interview of cognitive status ; tics ) , verbal memory , and category fluency.
we used longitudinal analyses to estimate differences in cognitive decline across hormone groups.
apoe genotype was available in @number@ participants.
these differences were equivalent to those observed in women who are 1-2 years apart in age.
we observed no protective associations with early timing of hormone initiation.
most americans will have a disability at some point in their lives.
the etiologies of disabilities are many , including genetic , congenital , traumatic , or due to chronic illnesses or the aging process.
higher family income and greater satisfaction with access to ms-focused care were associated with lower risk of nursing home admission.
however , early detection of atherosclerosis remains a challenging area of research and development.
in contrast , carotid intima-media thickness ( cimt ) scanning protocols can detect atherosclerotic disease in early and asymptomatic stages.
methods : we performed medline searches for original articles and reviews of carotid imt from @number@ to the present.
we particularly emphasized large multi-center epidemiologic studies of the natural history of patients with carotid imt measurements.
conclusion : there is substantial evidence that cimt is a suitable surrogate for the coronary tree.
cimt is also ( along with coronary calcium scoring ) recognized by the american heart association as a surrogate marker for coronary artery disease.
recent findings of the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis indicate further that increased cimt predicted cvd events in individuals without coronary calcification.
there is an increased frequency of dysthyroidism in elderly people.
the study was carried out on fifteen healthy young , middle-aged subjects ( range 36-55 years , mean age±s.e.
@number@.1±1.7 ) and fifteen healthy elderly subjects ( range 67-79 years , mean age±s.e.
@number@.5±1.2 ) .
trh , tsh and free thyroxine serum levels were measured in blood samples collected every four hours for @number@ hours.
a normal circadian rhythmicity was recognizable for trh and tsh in young , middle-aged subjects and for tsh in elderly subjects.
aging is associated with an altered tsh secretion.
recent research shows that declining oocyte quality with age is not inevitable in nematodes , and similar signals might regulate reproductive aging in women.
background : juvéderm™ voluma™ ( voluma ) is a new injectable , long-lasting , resorbable hyaluronic acid filler.
it restores facial volume , resulting in a more youthful appearance.
aims : to evaluate current in-market perceptions of the aesthetic result and use of voluma.
results : eighty-four patients ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) were recruited.
the mean total volume of voluma injected was @number@ ml / patient.
seventy-five percent of injectors found voluma fairly / very easy to inject and @percent@ found it easy to sculpt / massage.
most patients ( @percent@ ) and physicians ( @percent@ ) rated the aesthetic effect of voluma as improved.
ninety-nine percent of injectors would recommend voluma to colleagues and patients ( @percent@ ) ; @percent@ of patients would recommend it to friends.
treatment was well tolerated.
conclusions : voluma is easy to use , sculpt , and massage.
physicians and patients rated the cosmetic effects highly , and both groups reported a preference for voluma in those patients previously treated with restylane.
background : more and more we are seeing depilatory mechanisms based on ipl technology and used at home.
as far as we know , these appliance have not undergone either safety or efficacy testing.
materials & methods : axillae of @number@ persons were treated by either ipl ( intense pulsed light ) or hot wax for @number@ weeks.
tolerance was assessed clinically by a dermatologist and efficacy by an independent blinded photographic assessment.
results : tolerance of the two methods is reasonably good with better results for the ipl treatment.
ipl treatment is also much more efficient.
conclusion : this study confirmed good tolerance and excellent efficacy of this first one medical device used at home.
this system maintains protein homeostasis and is essential for life.
this review summarizes our current knowledge of the molecular chaperone system and its role in protein homeostasis.
material and methods : eighty four consecutive patients with urinary incontinence were enrolled in this study.
patients underwent a full urogynaecological workup with a clinical evaluation and urodynamic study.
results : in older patients urge and mixed urinary incontinence were the most prevalent type of ( ui ) .
furthermore , a higher body mass index was observed in older patients.
stroke is a serious health problem and is chiefly a disorder of the elderly population.
several modifiable and non modifiable risk factors have been studied.
the association of sleep disorders and stroke is exciting.
there is high prevalence of osa in the elderly.
osa affects the cerebral hemodynamics adversely.
there appears to be a bi-directional relation between sleep disordered breathing ( sdb ) and cerebrovascular accidents.
strokes can themselves generate sdb.
the presence of osa in stroke patients is associated with poor outcome.
cyclical hypoxia and sympathetic stimulation has deleterious effects on cardiovascular , cerebrovascular and metabolic functions.
the effects are particularly important in existing ischemic brain injury.
use of continuous positive pressure in osa patients is rewarding.
purpose : the aim of an article is to introduce and elaborate on the available literature concerning eyeball development.
material and methods : the information content in the article comes from studies performed on groups of children of different ages.
in some analysis study groups were chosen depending on sex.
axial length of the eye , depth of anterior chamber , lens's thickness and vitreous's dimension was defined.
results : intensive changes of eyeball dimensions progress with age.
a period of fast and slow growth of the eye can be discerned.
axial length of the eye , depth of anterior chamber , lens's thickness and vitreous's dimension increase over time.
growth of the axial length is mainly caused by increasing axial length of vitreous cavity.
the increase in depth of the anterior chamber plays a lesser role.
girls tend to have shorter eyes compared with boys.
both age and male gender are associated with deeper anterior chambers and larger vitreous cavity.
lens thickness decreases with the growth of the eyeball.
however gender does not play a role.
conclusions : based on current literature , it is difficult exactly indicate what are the standards of eyeball growth in children and youths.
to establish these parameters , further studies on the another examination in representative group of children and teenagers are necessary.
we suggest that the commonly observed trade-offs between early- and late-life reproduction may be mediated by genetic variation in germline stem cell maintenance.
stem cell biology provides a natural framework and experimental methods for understanding the mechanistic basis of life-history evolution.
mean volume fraction of total ventricle volume to total brain volume was found to be @percent@ in the first and @percent@ in the last decades.
mean volume fraction was found to increase significantly with age ( p < @number@ r = @number@ pearson ) .
in conclusion , the mean percentage of total ventricle volume within the total brain volume was found to be @percent@.
we demonstrated the volume fraction of total ventricle to total brain in normal subjects.
somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem ( ips ) cells by ectopic expression of four transcription factors.
however , the efficiency of human ips cell generation is extremely low and therefore elucidating the mechanisms underlying cellular reprogramming is of prime importance.
the combination of 8-br-camp and vpa synergistically increases the efficiency to @number@.5-fold.
the effect of 8-br-camp or vpa may in part be due to the up-regulation of cytokine-related and inflammatory pathways.
our data demonstrates that a cyclic amp analog , 8-br-camp , enhances the efficiency of cellular reprogramming.
in addition , this program can be utilized to effectively provide diversified healthcare service benefitting society as a whole.
highly crosslinked uhmwpe has become the bearing surface of choice in total hip arthroplasty.
these crosslinked uhmwpes were thermally treated ( annealed or melted ) after irradiation to improve their oxidation resistance.
while annealing resulted in the retention of some oxidation potential , post-irradiation melted uhmwpes had reduced fatigue strength due to the crystallinity loss during melting.
a two-step process was developed to incorporate vitamin e into irradiated uhmwpe by diffusion to obtain a uniform concentration profile.
against accelerated and real-time aging in vitro , this material showed superior oxidation resistance to uhmwpes with residual free radicals.
the fatigue strength was improved compared to irradiated and melted uhmwpes crosslinked using the same irradiation dose.
several adverse testing schemes simulating impingement showed satisfactory behaviour.
irradiated , vitamin e-diffused , and gamma sterilised uhmwpes have been in clinical use in hips since @number@ and in knees since @number@
the clinical outcome of this material will be apparent from the results of prospective , randomised clinical studies.
this study determined the long-term outcome for patients after myocardial infarction ( mi ) due to kawasaki disease ( kd ) .
retrospective analysis was performed for @number@ patients who had experienced mi between @number@ and @number@
their ages at the initial mi ranged from @number@ months to @number@ years ( median , @number@ years ) .
the maximum follow-up period after the initial mi was @number@ years ( median , @number@ years ) .
the survival rate and ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) -free survival rate were calculated after the initial mi by the kaplan-meier method.
both sustained and nonsustained vt were included.
furthermore , the cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze which factors influenced the post-mi outcome and which influenced the appearance of vt.
the 30-year survival rate after mi was poor for the patients with a low lvef.
with aging , the existence of nonviable myocardium in the infarct area can induce fatal ventricular arrhythmia more than @number@ years after the original mi.
methods : a total of @number@ caucasian female participants were randomly assigned to apply the test regimen or control regimen for @number@ weeks.
the second group washed with a control facial wash twice daily and applied a control moisturizer each morning and evening.
clinical evaluations for efficacy were made by a board-certified dermatologist at baseline and after six and @number@ weeks of product use.
efficacy was also measured by subjects ' self-assessments and via photography and instrumentation.
most impressive was the significantly greater improvements produced by the test regimen over the control regimen for nearly every grading parameter.
forty-eight samples were produced by adding different amounts of zno into a commercial maxillofacial silicone ( episil-e ) .
the samples were divided into @number@ groups containing @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ wt% zno additive , respectively.
post hoc analysis was performed using tukey test.
statistical analysis revealed a significant impact of composition on tanδ ( p < @number@ ) .
aging influenced e ' and e″ ( p < @number@ ) .
the combination of aging and composition had a significant effect on all dynamic properties ( p < @number@ ) .
our results suggest that sheds and sh-cm should be constitutionally suited for photoaging treatment.
mainly with secreted growth factors or extracellular matrix proteins , sheds contribute to enhanced wound-healing potential of hdfs.
further mechanism studies using neutralizing antibodies against each growth factor may clarify the role of soluble factors of sheds in wound-healing process.
telomere maintenance is essential for protecting chromosome ends.
aberrations in telomere length have been implicated in cancer and aging.
telomere elongation by human telomerase is inhibited in cis by the telomeric protein trf1 and its associated proteins.
however , the link between trf1 and inhibition of telomerase elongation of telomeres remains elusive because trf1 has no direct effect on telomerase activity.
however , nothing is known about the role of the pinx1-trf1 interaction in the regulation of telomere maintenance.
background : adverse drug events in the ambulatory care setting are not uncommon and can cause significant morbidity.
little research has been published on the management of adverse drug events involving insulin in the outpatient setting.
objective : to analyze data on patients with unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin managed by @number@ regional poison control centers.
a subgroup of the study population was selected with a reason for exposure of \ error. \ "
of the insulin exposures , @number@ were unintentional therapeutic errors ( @percent@ ) .
the percentage of all insulin exposures that were unintentional therapeutic errors increased progressively , from @percent@ to @percent@.
there was a @percent@ increase in annual incidence of unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin , with a mean annual increase of @percent@.
unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin occurred primarily in adults > 40 years ( @percent@ ) , with @percent@ occurring in women.
the majority ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) of patients were managed in a non-health-care facility location , primarily their own residence.
conclusions : this is the first report of an increasing trend of insulin-related unintentional therapeutic errors in the ambulatory setting.
with their 24 / 7 availability , poison centers appear to be an increasingly important resource for patients experiencing unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin.
this study investigated the effects of aging and localized muscle fatigue on the neural control of upright stance during small postural perturbations.
a single degree of freedom model of the human body was used to simulate recovery kinematics following the perturbations.
central to the model was a simulated neural controller that multiplied time-delayed kinematics by invariant feedback gains.
the sensitivity of this approach to changes with fatigue may have been limited by model simplifications.
arousals are often considered to be events which have an abrupt onset and offset , indicating abrupt changes in the state of the cortex.
post-arousal , all frequency bands below @number@ hz transiently fell below pre-arousal baseline in both age groups.
in middle-aged , but not in elderly , women the presence of early pre-arousal low delta power was associated with shorter arousals.
background : experimentalists are overwhelmed by high-throughput data and there is an urgent need to condense information into simple hypotheses.
results : to address this challenge , we developed a method , implemented as a cytoscape plugin called expressence.
we condense the network , highlighting those links across which the largest changes can be observed.
highlighting is based on a simple formula inspired by the law of mass action.
we can interactively modify the threshold for highlighting and instantaneously visualize results.
@number@ ) we predict and validate the expression level of a transcription factor involved in pluripotency.
we note that we do not focus on the identification of ' active subnetworks'.
expressence is available at @url@
animals : @number@ randomly selected client-owned cats from @number@ months to @number@ years old.
procedures : cats were evaluated to determine degree of radiographic djd and signs of pain throughout the skeletal system.
two groups were identified : high djd pain and low djd pain.
owner-answered questions about activity and signs of pain were compared between the @number@ groups to define items relating to chronic djd pain.
interviews with @number@ cat owners were performed to generate items.
owners and veterinarians selected a 5-point descriptive instrument design over 11-point or visual analogue scale formats.
conclusions and clinical relevance : behaviors relating to activity were substantially different between healthy cats and cats with signs of djd-associated pain.
fifteen items were identified as being potentially useful , and the preferred instrument design was identified.
this information could be used to construct an owner-based questionnaire to assess feline djd-associated pain.
once validated , such a questionnaire would assist in evaluating potential analgesic treatments for these patients.
raw fish consumption in restaurants , for example , sashimi style , is popular worldwide.
in vietnam , raw fish dishes are also traditionally prepared and consumed in private households.
discussions were held in different groups divided by gender and age on raw-fish-eating behavior.
a total of @number@ household members were interviewed and their stool samples analyzed to identify risk factors of fzt infection.
there was awareness about the risk of liver fluke infections from eating raw fish.
however , many older people accepted these risks and continued eating raw fish , as they know effective drug treatment is available.
raw fish dishes are consumed at social gatherings from shared plates and dipping sauces using the same chop sticks.
in total , @percent@ fish farm household members were infected with fzt.
adipose tissue is a hormonally active tissue that produces adipokines that influence the activity of other tissues.
adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific adipokine involved in systemic metabolism.
we detected the expression of adiponectin receptors ( adipor1 and adipor2 ) mrna in cultured dermal fibroblasts.
adipor1 and adipor2 mrnas were also expressed in keratinocytes , though neither fad nor gad had any effect on ha synthesis.
in mouse skin , we found that adiponectin was present and decreased markedly with aging.
the age-dependent pattern of adiponectin decrease in skin , correlated well with that of ha in skin.
these results indicated that adiponectin plays an important role in the ha metabolism of skin.
results : the most frequent cause of increased p100 latency was multiple sclerosis.
conclusions : if vep results are normal , visual acuity loss is usually functional.
a detailed knowledge of all the factors , which may influence vep is essential for its correct interpretation.
this tutorial review is focused on some mechanistic aspects of peroxidation process and chemistry of phenolic chain-breaking antioxidants.
phenolic antioxidants provide active system of defence against lipid peroxidation , however , the effectiveness of their antioxidant action depends on several important parameters.
oxidative stress is one of the major causes of aging considered at both the cellular and organismal levels.
optimal levels of membrane fluidity are essential for numerous cell functions including cell growth , solute transport and signal transduction.
venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after these exercises.
erythrocyte membrane fluidity was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy.
the highest erythrocyte membrane rigidity was detected immediately after strenuous exercise until exhaustion was performed.
protein carbonyl levels were higher after exhaustive exercises than at rest.
continuous progressive and strenuous exercises until exhaustion , but not submaximal workload , resulted in a significant enhanced accumulation of carbonylated proteins in the plasma.
raman spectroscopy has been used to evaluate alterations to bone composition associated with aging , disease , or injury.
methods : isi web of science was searched for references to bone raman spectroscopy in peer-reviewed journals.
current literature supports the use of mineral-to-matrix ratio , carbonate-to-phosphate ratio , and mineral crystallinity as measures of bone quality.
conclusions : raman spectroscopy shows promise for evaluating the compositional contributors of bone quality in ex vivo specimens , although further validation is still needed.
methodology for noninvasive in vivo assessments is still under development.
hypertension in pregnancy is a frequent disorder that includes a spectrum of conditions.
we aimed at comparatively evaluating the hemodynamic , echocardiographic and biohumoral profile of a sample of pregnant caucasian women with different form of pregnancy-related hypertension.
pe patients had a significantly higher bp than either g-pih or np patients.
pe patients had also significantly lower cardiac output than np , g-pih and ch.
in comparison to np patients , the total peripheral vascular resistance was @percent@ higher in pe women and @percent@ higher in ch patients.
all echographic parameters were significantly more altered in pe patients when compared with np , in respect to any other form of hypertension.
either anp ( @percent@ ) and bnp ( @percent@ ) were significantly higher in pe patients than in controls.
the community wellbeing index ( cwi ) is a new measure of the individual's level of satisfaction with the local place of residence.
the main goal of this paper is to validate the cwi in a sample of older adults.
the cwi psychometric properties were studied using rasch analysis.
classic psychometric parameters were also analyzed.
the person separation index was @number@.82-0.85 , indicating a good reliability.
all items were free from gender bias.
further research with this promising measure should focus on cross-national comparisons.
apoptosis is a vital component in the evolutionarily conserved host defense system.
apoptosis is the guardian of tissue integrity by removing unfit and injured cells without evoking inflammation.
we will discuss the molecular basis of age-related resistance to apoptosis and emphasize that increased resistance could enhance the aging process.
advanced paternal age has been suggested as a risk factor for autism , but empirical evidence is mixed.
multiple study methods were adopted.
first , a swedish 10-year birth cohort ( n = 1 @number@ @number@ ) was established.
linkage to the national patient register ascertained all autism cases ( n = 883 ) .
second , @number@ families identified within the birth cohort had siblings discordant for autism.
finally , meta-analysis included population-based epidemiological studies.
in the birth cohort , autism risk increased monotonically with increasing paternal age.
meta-analysis demonstrated advancing paternal age association with increased risk of autism across studies.
these findings provide the strongest evidence to date that advanced paternal age is a risk factor for autism in the offspring.
possible biological mechanisms include de novo aberration and mutations or epigenetic alterations associated with aging.
introduction : the use of hospital care increases significantly with age.
older people coming to the emergency department have three to seven times higher rates of hospitalization than younger people.
hospitalization can lead to loss of independence and also need for long-term care at discharge.
results : the mean age of @number@ subjects was @number@.2±7.3 years.
in the same patients , shopping and transportation were reported as the most frequent iadl functions lost.
a well-structured program involving geriatricians , physiatricians and physiotherapists could be helpful for better short-term prognoses.
background and aims : hospital readmission after discharge is an important clinical and health policy issue.
methods : we included @number@ patients ( ≥65 years ) , hospitalized following admission to the emergency department.
the isar , trst and vip were administered at admission.
unplanned readmissions were registered by telephone follow-up @number@ @number@ and @number@ days post-discharge.
results : unplanned readmission rates were @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ after @number@ @number@ and @number@ days , respectively.
the isar showed low to moderate sensitivity ( 54%-69% ) and a high negative predictive value ( ≥78% ) at all measurement points.
specificity and positive predictive value were low ( ≤33% and ≤24% , respectively ) .
the trst had low to moderate sensitivity ( 42%-67% ) and a high negative predictive value ( ≥82% ) .
specificity and positive predictive value were low ( ≤45% and ≤27% , respectively ) .
the vip had very low sensitivity ( ≤26% ) and high specificity ( ≥80% ) .
its negative predictive value was high ( ≥79% ) and its positive predictive value was low ( ≤22% ) .
overall , reducing or increasing the original cut-off value by one point did not result in improved performance.
our findings suggest that these instruments lack the necessary sophistication to capture the complexity of ( unplanned ) readmissions.
background and aims : in advanced age , the influence of vertebral fractures on quality of life extends well beyond the usual sequelae of osteoporosis.
we also examined specific aspects of the questionnaire correlated with bone mineral density.
results : the questionnaire was repeatable and able to discriminate between older women with and without vertebral fractures.
there was a strong association between referral instrument scores and the corresponding single domain score of the questionnaire.
femoral bmd was also associated with scores indicating fear of falling , fear of fracture , and pain.
conclusions : the questionnaire intercepted the influence of osteoporosis on the quality of life of elderly women with vertebral fractures.
subjects who suffered from severe pain and were more fearful of falling were most likely to be severely osteoporotic.
background and aims : cognitive decline and heart failure frequently coexist in the elderly.
although an epidemiologic association may partially explain this finding , cerebral hypoperfusion and cardioembolism have been advocated as pathophysiological links.
chf severity , emotional status , comorbidity , disability and disease-specific quality of life were also determined at the time of enrollment.
conclusions : an easy and reliable measure of cardiovascular global performance is independently associated with cognitive function in older outpatients affected by chf.
however , relationships between lrp5 polymorphisms and micro- and macro architectural bone characteristics assessed by pqct have not been studied.
methods : we studied @number@ participants of the inchianti study ( @number@ men and @number@ women , age range : 21-94 yrs ) .
ala1330val and val667met genotypes were determined on genomic dna by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( pcr-rflp ) .
conclusion : these findings suggest that both ala1330val and val667met lrp5 polymorphisms may affect the determination of geometric bone parameters in women.
adults with down syndrome ( ds ) are at risk for developing alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
while plasma amyloid-β ( aβ ) is known to be elevated in ds , its relationship to cognitive functioning is unknown.
to assess this relationship , samples from two groups of subjects were used.
plasma aβ levels alone did not dissociate ds adults with and without dementia.
however , in demented adults with ds , apoe4 was associated with higher aβ40 but not aβ42.
in summary , plasma aβ can help predict cognitive function in adults with ds independently of the presence or absence of dementia.
most participants reported initially enrolling in the registry for societal benefit.
insufficient time was a commonly endorsed barrier to enrolling in other center-approved studies , particularly among younger participants.
driving and a lack of transportation to the medical facility were also barriers , particularly for older participants.
providing transportation , home-based visits , and modest compensation may improve participation rates.
however , the development of new medicines for elderly people will face a number of challenges that are not seen for other patient populations.
the etiology of functional limitations in elderly people is complex and often ascribed to conditions that escape the traditional definition of disease.
new potential indications included sarcopaenia , anorexia of ageing , frailty , mobility disability and reduced functional capacity secondary to hospitalization.
biogerontology is sometimes viewed as similar to other forms of biomedical research in that it seeks to understand and treat a pathological process.
yet the prospect of treating ageing is extraordinary in terms of the profound changes to the human condition that would result.
recent advances in biogerontology allow a clearer view of the ethical issues and dilemmas that confront humanity with respect to treating ageing.
this is accompanied by an overall extension of lifespan , sometimes of a large magnitude.
over the last two centuries , there has been a significant increase in average lifespan expectancy in the developed world.
historically , the ageing process and its consequences were thought to be intractable.
for example , several long-lived genetic mouse models show attenuation in age-related cognitive decline , adiposity , cancer and glucose intolerance.
therefore , these long-lived mice enjoy a longer period without suffering the various sequelae of ageing.
the greatest challenge in the biology of ageing is to now identify the mechanisms underlying increased healthy lifespan in these model organisms.
late onset is a common hallmark character of numerous disorders including human neurodegenerative maladies such as huntington's , parkinson's and alzheimer's diseases.
why these diseases manifest in aged individuals and why distinct disorders share strikingly similar emergence patterns were until recently unsolved enigmas.
here , we review these novel studies and discuss the potential of ageing alteration as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of late onset neurodegeneration.
telomeres protect the chromosome ends from unscheduled dna repair and degradation.
telomeres are heterochromatic domains composed of repetitive dna ( ttaggg repeats ) bound to an array of specialized proteins.
the length of telomere repeats and the integrity of telomere-binding proteins are both important for telomere protection.
furthermore , telomere length and integrity are regulated by a number of epigenetic modifications , thus pointing to higher order control of telomere function.
these effects of telomerase and telomere length on stem cell behaviour anticipate the premature ageing and cancer phenotypes of telomerase mutant mice.
recently , we have demonstrated the anti-ageing activity of telomerase by forcing telomerase expression in mice with augmented cancer resistance.
shelterin is the major protein complex bound to mammalian telomeres ; however , its potential relevance for cancer and ageing remained unaddressed to date.
to this end , we have generated mice conditionally deleted for the shelterin proteins trf1 , tpp1 and rap1.
these new mouse models , together with the telomerase-deficient mouse model , are valuable tools for understanding human pathologies produced by telomere dysfunction.
ageing is intrinsically complex , being driven by multiple causal mechanisms.
however , the magnitude of this role is usually modest.
this connection is informed by actions of natural selection on the determinants of ageing and longevity.
high-throughput genomic and proteomic technologies have generated a wealth of publicly available data on ageing.
easy access to these data , and their computational analysis , is of great importance in order to pinpoint the causes and effects of ageing.
here , we provide a description of the existing databases and computational tools on ageing that are available for researchers.
we review recent biological insights gained from applying bioinformatics methods to analyse and interpret ageing data in different organisms , tissues and conditions.
ageing in humans is typified by the decline of physiological functions in various organs and tissues leading to an increased probability of death.
some individuals delay , escape or survive much of this age-related decline and live past age @number@
therefore , ageing is probably a highly polygenic trait.
in humans , it is important to also consider differences in age-related decline that occur within and among tissues.
longitudinal data of age-related traits can be used in association studies to test for polymorphisms that predict how an individual will change over time.
transcriptional and genetic association studies of different tissues have revealed common and unique pathways involved in human ageing.
genomic convergence is a method that combines multiple types of functional genomic information such as transcriptional profiling , expression quantitative trait mapping and gene association.
the genomic convergence approach has been used to implicate the gene mmp20 in human kidney ageing.
new human genetics technologies are continually in development and may lead to additional breakthroughs in human ageing in the near future.
in animal models , single-gene mutations in genes involved in insulin / igf and target of rapamycin signalling pathways extend lifespan to a considerable extent.
the genetic , genomic and epigenetic influences on human longevity are expected to be much more complex.
studies in invertebrate model organisms have led to a wealth of knowledge concerning the ageing process.
but which of these discoveries will apply to ageing in humans ?
here , we address downstream targets of mtor signalling and their possible links to ageing.
we also briefly cover other ageing genes identified by comparing worms and yeast , addressing the likelihood that their mammalian counterparts will affect longevity.
collagen content and solubility was determined.
percentage fat was used as a covariant during statistical analyses.
tenderness , residue and collagen solubility of all cuts decreased significantly with animal age.
collagen solubility was the largest discriminant between the three age groups , while animal age had no significant effect on collagen content.
tenderness of primal cuts from the same carcass varied considerably , with collagen content and shear force resistance as the largest discriminants between the cuts.
over the last two decades , consequences of hiv infection of the cns on disease severity and clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations have changed.
while the life spans of hiv-infected patients have been prolonged with successful cart , the spectrum of cognitive alterations observed in these patients has broadened.
recent studies report that there does not appear to be a single prototypical pattern of neuropsychological impairment associated with hiv , but includes diverse manifestations.
some co-morbidities , such as substance abuse or depression likely play significant roles in the neuropsychiatric profiles of some hiv-infected patients.
newly recognized factors contributing to neurocognitive impairments include aging and unanticipated side effects from cart.
likewise , disturbances in neuroendocrine functioning are emerging as potentially important contributors to hiv-associated neurocognitive alterations.
decreased vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity in hypothalamic neurons was also observed.
this study assesses the effect of passive and active smoking on pregnancy rates after ivf with transfer of high-quality embryos.
the cohort included @number@ patients / cycles : @number@ smokers , @number@ non-smokers.
among non-smokers , there was no difference in pregnancy rate by passive or partner smoking.
in conclusion , transfer of high-quality embryos does not overcome the negative effect of active smoking on pregnancy rate in ivf treatment.
the endometrium is apparently involved in the mechanism underlying ivf failure in smokers.
the present study compared averaged erp peak and single trial time-frequency ( tf ) data analysis.
results : age-related larger itc was found for theta oscillations in the n2-p3 time range during nogo , only.
discrepancies between n1 / n2 erp and tf results were obtained.
go / nogo-p3 amplitude reductions in elderly were not related to an increased delta latency jitter.
conclusions : discrepancies between erps and tf results challenge conclusions made about age-related changes in go / nogo-n2.
earlier reports of age-related changes in p3 are supported by the present results.
the study implies age-related impairments in a general neuronal inhibition mechanism and a specific response inhibition mechanism.
significance : the study indicates long-range communication impairments in the aged brain and the results are discussed considering hypotheses on increases in neural noise.
cooking losses were determined and proximate analyses ( moisture , fat , nitrogen and ash ) were performed.
tender cuts were cooked by a dry heat method , and less tender cuts were cooked by moist heat methods.
a trained panel ( n = 10 ) evaluated sensory quality characteristics including initial and sustained juiciness , aroma and flavour.
flavour intensity was the biggest discriminant between the three age groups and declined with an increase in age.
initial impression of juiciness decreased with increased age of the animal and cooking losses increased nonlinearly with age , irrespective of the muscle.
in contrast sustained juiciness increased with increased age.
cuts cooked according to a dry heat cooking method were reported juicier ( both initial and sustained ) than those cooked by moist heat methods.
race and gender may be important considerations for recognizing alcohol related problems in black and white young adults.
all alcohol problems examined first occurred when subjects were in their late teens and early 20s.
drinking in hazardous situations , blackouts , and tolerance were the most common reported alcohol problems.
in race and gender comparisons , more males than females experienced alcohol problems.
blacks generally had a later age of onset of alcohol problems.
multivariate regressions showed greater alcohol problem severity in males compared to females , but no significant differences between blacks and whites.
education , family environment and earlier alcohol use behaviors and expectancies were reliable predictors of alcohol problem severity in young adulthood.
white males were at particular risk for experiencing more severe alcohol problems.
findings may inform the design of more targeted interventions for alcohol problems in different populations.
this review provides an overview of the interaction between the mammalian cholinergic system and circadian system , and its possible role in time memory.
apparently , cholinergic features can be flexibly adjusted to the needs of a species or strain.
the number of free , unbound and thus available muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ( machrs ) is highest when ach release is lowest.
the density of cholinergic fibers and terminals is modest as compared to other hypothalamic nuclei.
this is the case for rat , hamster and mouse , three chronobiological model rodent species studied by us.
a new finding is that the rat scn contains some local cholinergic neurons.
hamster scn contains less cholinergic neurons , whereas the mouse scn is devoid of such cells.
ach has an excitatory effect on scn cells ( at least in vivo ) , and functions in close interaction with other neurotransmitters.
originally it was thought that ach transferred retinal light information to the scn.
this turned out to be wrong.
thereafter , the phase shifting effects of ach prompted researches to view ach as an agent for nocturnal clock resetting.
it is still not clear , however , what the function consequence is of scn cholinergic neurotransmission.
only relatively brief but arousing events seem to be time stamped at scn level.
this time stamping requires the engagement of machrs.
the interaction between pharmacology and nutrition science is on the rise.
there is also increasing realization that a continuum between health and disease often exists without strict boundaries.
understanding the subtle interactions between genes , environment and homeostatic processes is the key in finding effective ways to prevent , treat or manage disease.
instead , complex multi-factorial diseases require multi-pathway understanding and multi-targeting approaches which will often result in compound combinations.
therapeutic synergy between foods and drugs does not necessarily mean that both have the same primary target.
examples of conditions and diseases that are highlighted in this review include the metabolic syndrome with its co-morbidities , immune-related diseases and hiv.
they display high homology and may act in concert.
the p73 gene is relevant for brain development , and p73-deficient mice display important malformations of the telencephalon.
in turn , p63 is essential for the development of stratified epithelia and may also play a part in neuronal survival and aging.
we show here that p63 and p73 are dynamically expressed in the embryonic and adult mouse and human telencephalon.
during embryonic stages , cajal-retzius cells derived from the cortical hem co-express p73 and p63.
application of the us food and drug administration's geriatric labeling rule provided further impetus.
increased specificity is reflected in studies of relationships between specific neuropsychological deficits , specific brain abnormalities , and antidepressant responsiveness.
treatments for alzheimer's disease have fallen within the purview of geriatric psychopharmacology.
the importance of geriatric psychopharmacology will grow further as the average lifespan increases all over the world.
background : due to demographic change , the advanced elderly represent the fastest growing population group in europe.
health problems tend to be frequent and increasing with age within this cohort.
descriptive statistics , bivariate- ( chi-square tests ) and multivariate methods ( linear regressions ) were used to examine differences in population health.
sf-12 derived physical component summary ( pcs ) and mental component summary ( mcs ) scores varied little by age and country.
age and low educational level were associated with lower eq vas and pcs scores.
conclusions : more than two thirds of the advanced elderly report impairment of health status.
impairment increases rapidly with age but differs considerably between countries.
in all countries , health status is significantly associated with socio-demographic variables.
this review focuses on the interrelationship between ageing and autophagy.
there is a striking similarity between the signalling aspects of these two processes.
both ageing and autophagy involve several of the signalling components such as insulin / igf-1 , ampk , ras-camp-pka , sch9 and mtor.
ageing and ageing-mediated defective autophagy involve accumulation of lipofuscin.
components of anti-ageing and autophagy include sirts and foxos.
nutritional deprivation or calorie restriction as well as several nutriceuticals including resveratrol , spermidine , curcumin and piperine can enhance autophagy and increase lifespan.
such striking similarities indicate that lifespan is strongly dependent on autophagy.
methods : fifty-three healthy participants were recruited randomly.
twenty-six men and @number@ women were divided into two age groups.
independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance ( anova ) were performed.
results : group distribution was : male / female = 14 / 16 for the younger group and @date@ for the older group.
average age across groups was @number@ ± @number@ @date@ @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ± @number@.3 / 61.5 ± @number@ years , respectively.
conclusion : menopausal status in women has significant influence on both choroidal and peripheral blood flow ; the opposite behaviour occurs with ageing.
objective : quantitative analysis of the activities of all masticatory muscles is required to elucidate the mechanism of stomatognathic dysfunction.
methods : seven healthy male volunteers participated in the study.
this review comprehends patents pertinent to the preparations and uses of sesame seed lignans in health promotion.
age- and gender-specific z-scores for bmi were obtained from height and weight at the ages of @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
latent class group analysis was used to identify six distinct trajectory classes of bmi z-score.
regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between postural angles and subgroups , and different bmi trajectory classes , adjusting for gender.
conclusions : this prospective study provides evidence that childhood obesity , and how it develops , is associated with standing sagittal postural alignment in adolescence.
shame decreased from adolescence into middle adulthood , reaching a nadir around age @number@ years , and then increased in old age.
guilt increased from adolescence into old age , reaching a plateau at about age @number@ years.
on average , women reported experiencing more shame and guilt ; blacks reported experiencing less shame and asians more hubristic pride than other ethnicities.
there is growing evidence that personality traits are affected by many genes , all of which have very small effects.
geriatric patients are not defined by their age but by their general profile.
in the older patient with cancer , there can be problems of dietary intake next to the effects of ageing per se.
on top of this situation , the deleterious effects of the inflammatory processes induced by the tumour are superimposed.
nutritional assessment should be part of the routine preliminary evaluation of the older oncology patient.
difference should be made between assessment of risk and actual nutritional status , which should be assessed with specific malnutrition indices.
body weight assessment with specific attention to unintended weight loss is essential in this evaluation.
this increased alertness for nutritional problems has a lot to offer in the willingness for early intervention.
the nutritional assessment , however , must be framed in a larger comprehensive geriatric assessment addressing several functional domains.
brain phosphatide synthesis requires three circulating compounds : docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) , uridine , and choline.
arachidonic acid fails to reproduce these effects of dha.
the integrity of the vascular system is essential for the efficient functioning of the brain.
there is ample evidence to indicate vascular risk factors are also linked to neurodegenerative processes preceding cognitive decline and dementia.
the strongest risk factor for brain degeneration , whether it results from vascular or neurodegenerative mechanisms or both , is age.
the ultimate accumulation of brain pathological lesions may be modified by genetic influences , such as the apolipoprotein e ε4 allele and the environment.
in the conventional view , aging of the brain is associated with atrophy vascular abnormalities and loss of volume in hippocampus and amygdala.
cognitively , aging is associated with slowing of processing and memory loss.
however , many studies of aging do not examine the cases to exclude demented people.
the nutrition and memory in the homebound elderly study ( name ) excluded cases clinically diagnosed as having dementia.
renal function and homocysteine were also associated with cortical atrophy but not with the cognitive variables.
in conclusion , brain atrophy of aging in the absence of dementia is related to vascular disease but not hippocampal atrophy.
studies of nutritional interventions should consider using mri atrophy rather than cognition as outcome.
growing evidence indicates that the global aging process is more malleable than used to be thought.
this needs to be taken into account in efforts to improve health and retention of mental capital across the life course.
the identification of disease-causing mutations in alzheimer's disease has contributed greatly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease.
the amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide has come into focus and is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease.
with only symptomatic treatment available , efforts to develop new therapeutics aimed at lowering the amount of aβ peptides in the affected brain have intensified.
dementia is an acquired highly disabling syndrome common among elderly people.
alzheimer's disease is the most frequent type of dementia , and its prevalence is rapidly increasing due to the aging of populations.
therefore , the need to find effective preventive means is pressing.
plausible mechanisms include homocysteine neurotoxicity , vasotoxicity , and impaired methylation reactions vital to central nervous system function.
aging contributes to physiological decline and vulnerability to disease.
in this review , the possible role of docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) in the prevention of age-related disruption of brain function is discussed.
evidence presented here shows dha acts to oppose this , exerting a plethora of pleiotropic activities to protect against the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease.
the mmse and the braztel-mmse were applied to @number@ ad patients and @number@ healthy elderly participants.
the general screening ability of the braztel-mmse was high ( auc = @number@ ci95% = @number@.964-1.001 ) .
oxidative stress and inflammation are supposed to be the key players of several acute and chronic diseases , and also for progressive aging process.
these compounds are biosynthesized mainly from esterified arachidonic acid through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic free radical-catalysed reactions in vivo , respectively.
they have shown to possess potent biological activities in addition to their application as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
recent advancement of methodologies has made it possible to quantify these compounds more reliably and apply them in various in vivo studies successfully.
some studies have suggested the medial temporal lobe while others have suggested the hippocampus.
second , are there similar atrophy rates within affected regions in ad ?
third , is there evidence of causality relationships between different affected regions in ad progression ?
methods : to address these questions , we conducted a longitudinal mri study to investigate the gray matter ( gm ) changes in ad progression.
primary foci of atrophy were identified in the hippocampus and middle temporal gyrus ( mtg ) .
a model based upon the granger causality approach was developed to investigate the cause-effect relationship over time between these regions based on gm concentration.
results : results show that in the earlier stages of ad , primary pathological foci are in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
subsequently , atrophy appears to subsume the mtg.
@number@ unrelated healthy individuals ( age range 8-106 years , @number@ males and @number@ females ) from central italy were studied.
for both gender , the frequency of ptpn22 t1858 carriers does not differ significantly in nona / centenarians and in octogenarians respect to young group.
physical exercise is advised as a preventive and therapeutic strategy against aging-induced bone weakness.
twenty-seven subjects in the et group and @number@ in the con group completed the study.
training was performed twice a week and was designed to load bones with intermittent and multidirectional compressive forces and to improve physical function.
potential confounding variables included dietary intake , accelerometer-based physical activity , and molecularly defined lactase nonpersistence.
no associations were found between lactase nonpersistence and bmd changes.
data suggest that @number@ months of moderate-impact weight-bearing and multicomponent exercises reduces the potential risk factors for falls and related fractures in older women.
changes in the transcription profiles were evaluated using dna microarray and real-time reverse-transcription pcr.
in addition , culture proliferation was inhibited and morphological changes characteristic of differentiation and cell aging developed.
telomeres , the nucleotide repeats and protein complex at chromosome ends , are required for chromosomal stability and are important markers of aging.
there are limited data on intra-individual telomere length ( tl ) variability in dc and related disorders.
as expected , tl in patients with dc was significantly ( p < 0.01 ) shorter in all tissues compared with other ibmfs.
these data suggest that relative tl is tissue-independent in dc and possibly in the other ibmfs.
this study evaluated whether obesity and poor muscle strength are associated with venous thromboembolism ( vte ) .
results : at baseline , @number@ participants had a positive history of vte.
fifty-five vtes occurred during follow-up.
history of vte , obesity , and / or poor strength independently predicted new vte events.
this process is likely mediated by matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) .
such changes in collagenous skin tissues have been suggested to be causes of cutaneous aging and skin cancer.
objective : we investigated the protective effects of apigenin and luteolin on immortalized human keratinocytes ( hacat ) against uva damage.
we then explored the inhibitory effects of apigenin and luteolin on uva-induced mmp-1 and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying those effects.
methods : hacat cells were treated with apigenin and luteolin for the indicated times followed by irradiation with uva.
those effects were assessed by semi-quantitative pcr , western blotting and enzymic activity assays.
pre-treatment of hacat cells with apigenin and luteolin also inhibited uva-induced production of the collagenases mmp-1.
they also suppressed uva-induced expression of c-jun and c-fos and the phosphorylation of three map kinases , upstream modulators of ap-1.
they may thus be potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
until now , limitations in the ability to enrich adult nscs ( anscs ) have hampered meaningful analysis of these cells at the transcriptome level.
here we show via a split-cre technology that coincident activity of the hgfap and prominin1 promoters is a hallmark of anscs in vivo.
inducible deletion of the ciliary protein ift88 in anscs validates the role of ciliary function in anscs.
objective : oxidative stress plays an important role in retinal pigmental epithelium ( rpe ) death during aging and the development of age-related macular degeneration.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular pathways involved in rpe death induced by exogenous ros , especially at higher concentrations.
methods : cultured arpe-19 cells were treated with h₂o₂ at different concentrations and cell viability was measured with the mtt assay.
cell death was morphologically studied by microscopy using apopercentage assay and pi staining.
furthermore , the impact of oxidative stress on arpe-19 cells was assessed by ho-1 and parp-1 western blotting and by the protection of antioxidant egcg.
results : h₂o₂ reduced the viability of arpe-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner , which was presented as a typical s-shaped curve.
cell death caused by high concentrations of h₂o₂ was confirmed to be programmed necrosis.
morphologically , dying arpe-19 cells were extremely swollen and lost the integrity of their plasma membrane , positively detected with apopercentage assay and pi staining.
24-hour treatment with @number@ μmol / l h₂o₂ induced remarkable up-regulation of ho-1 and parp-1 in arpe-19 cells.
moreover , antioxidant treatment using egcg effectively protected cells from h₂o₂-induced injury , increasing cell viability from @time@ %±2.31% to @number@.77%±4.58%.
after h₂o₂ treatment , intracellular calcium levels were highly elevated with a maximum concentration of @number@ nm.
the pleiotropic cytokine , interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) , has emerged as a key factor in the biology of aging and the physiology of inflammation.
across the life span from @number@ to @number@ years of age , mean il-6 levels were strikingly lower in japanese individuals.
significantly lower levels of c-reactive protein ( crp ) and fibrinogen ( fbg ) provided confirmatory evidence for a population difference in proinflammatory activity.
because il-6 release has been associated with obesity , differences in body mass index ( bmi ) were taken into consideration.
additional support for distinct variation in il-6 biology was generated when systemic levels of the soluble receptor for il-6 ( sil-6r ) were evaluated.
serum sil-6r was higher in japanese than americans , but was most notably low in african-americans.
our cytokine data concur with national differences in the prevalence of age-related illnesses linked to inflammatory physiology , including cardiovascular disease.
however , such a pleiotrophic effect has not been fully studied in a new statin ( pitavastatin ) .
these results provide further support that α-actinin-3 deficient individuals may experience faster decline in muscle function with increasing age.
unlabelled : advanced glycation end products ( ages ) are the products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids.
formation of ages is increased in response to hyperglycaemia , reactive oxygen species and ageing.
ages are proinflammatory and can modify the extracellular matrix.
rage ( receptor for advanced glycation end products ) mediates some of the effects of ages.
methods : formalin-fixed lung tissue from patients who had lobectomy for bronchial carcinoma was used to investigate the presence of ages and rage.
subjects were divided into those with copd and controls.
immunostaining for ages and rage was performed and the intensity of staining measured.
intensity of staining for ages was greater in the airways ( p = @number@ ) and alveolar walls ( p = @number@ ) in copd.
intensity of staining for rage was also significantly increased in alveolar walls ( p = @number@ ) but not the airways.
fev ( @number@ ) % predicted was correlated with the intensity of staining for ages in the airways and alveoli.
novel biomarkers are urgently needed to assist in managing these diseases.
parallel to technical advancements possibilities for the analysis of the human proteome for biomarkers have recently made considerable progress.
therefore , in a second part this review will introduce several examples for the application of clinical proteomics to aging itself and age-related diseases.
several recent proteome studies with clinically sound designs are available.
these performed careful validation in blinded cohorts.
it is anticipated that a boost in disease-related proteomic data is expected in the very near future.
the impact of the pathology on ageing immunity is poorly understood and few data are available on the immunological status of old polypathological patients.
results : among the @number@ included patients ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) , @percent@ displayed poly-pathologies.
conclusion : immunological abnormalities are frequent in this frail population and lymphopenia , in particular , could constitute a reinforcing factor of fragility.
vitamin d deficiency could also affect elderly patients ' immunity.
neuropathological studies show that a neuroinflammatory response parallels the early stages of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the precise mechanistic correlation between inflammation and ad pathogenesis remains unclear.
cebpd is upregulated in the astrocytes of ad patients.
therefore , we asked if activation of astrocytic cebpd could contribute to ad pathogenesis.
in this report , a novel role of cebpd in attenuating macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of damaged neuron cells was found.
by global gene expression profiling , we identified the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 ( ptx3 , tnfaip5 , tsg-14 ) as a cebpd target in astrocytes.
furthermore , we demonstrate that ptx3 participates in the attenuation of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of damaged neuron cells.
sleep and metabolism are intertwined physiologically and behaviorally , but the neural systems underlying their coordination are still poorly understood.
the hypothalamus is likely to play a major role in the regulation sleep , metabolism , and their interaction.
and increasing evidence suggests that hypocretin cells in the lateral hypothalamus may provide particularly important contributions.
despite its disastrous health effects , high prevalence , and enormous associated health care costs , osteoporosis lacked a universally accepted definition until @number@
the medical community tried , and failed , to resolve these differing definitions several times at consensus conferences and through published articles.
these experts finally accepted a standard definition at an international consensus conference convened by the world health organization in @number@
working memory ( wm ) is an essential component for human higher order cognitive activities.
creativity has been essential to the development of human civilization.
previous studies from different fields have suggested creativity and capacity of wm have opposing characteristics possibly in terms of diffuse attention.
however , despite a number of functional imaging studies on creativity , how creativity relates to brain activity during wm has never been investigated.
the precuneus is included in the default mode network , which is deactivated during cognitive tasks.
we examined whether adherence to a mediterranean-style diet has positive effects on mobility assessed over a 9-year follow-up in a representative sample of older adults.
this research is part of the inchianti study , a prospective population-based study of older persons in tuscany , italy.
the sample for this analysis included @number@ women and men aged @number@ years and older.
adherence to the mediterranean diet was assessed at baseline by the standard 10-unit mediterranean diet score ( mds ) .
at baseline , higher adherence to mediterranean diet was associated with better lower body performance.
high adherence to a mediterranean-style diet is associated with a slower decline of mobility over time in community-dwelling older persons.
if replicated , this observation is highly relevant in terms of public health.
these observations suggest that the age-rage system is a novel therapeutic target for preventing diabetic vascular complications.
in this paper , we review the pathophysiological role of the age-rage-oxidative stress system and its therapeutic intervention in vascular damage in diabetes.
we also discuss here the potential utility of the restriction of food-derived ages in diabetic vascular complications.
recq-like dna helicases are conserved from bacteria to humans.
they perform functions in the maintenance of genome stability , and their mutation is associated with cancer predisposition and premature aging syndromes in humans.
blm expression from the native sgs1 promoter had no adverse effects on cell growth and was unable to complement any sgs1δ defects.
blm overexpression , however , significantly increased the rate of accumulating gross-chromosomal rearrangements in a dosage-dependent manner and greatly exacerbated sensitivity to dna-damaging agents.
menopause is associated with a precipitous decline in circulating estrogens and a resulting loss of the neuroprotective actions of this steroid hormone.
the success of this program of research suggests that strategies to optimize non-feminizing estrogens for use in postmenopausal women can be successful.
furthermore , a novel composite task probed participants ' abilities to infer both cognitive and affective mental states in an interpersonal context.
the aim of this study was to investigate associations between lifestyle factors and high crp among middle-aged men living in shanghai , china.
dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis.
associations between crp categories and lifestyle factors were investigated by using logistic regression.
a positive trend of marginal significance between quintiles of a dietary pattern with high consumption of meat and high crp levels was also observed.
no association between tea intake and crp level was observed.
conclusions : components of an adverse lifestyle were associated with high crp levels.
behavioral evidence suggests that memory for context ( i.e. , source memory ) is more vulnerable to age-related decline than item memory.
these findings support the hypothesis of a specific context memory deficit in older adults.
objective : knowledge about the impact of cardiovascular disease on cerebral autoregulation and cognition in aging is sparse.
the presence and the degree of stde were analyzed in relation to regional cbf in nocturnal blood pressure dippers / non-dippers.
results : fourty-five ( @percent@ ) study subjects had stde , @number@ at both day and night and @number@ only daytime.
subjects with stde expressed lower cbf in left frontal , temporal , inferior parietal regions and bilateral superior parietal regions compared to men without stde.
low regional cbf was most frequent in subjects with daytime stde.
the lowest cbf in nocturnal dippers was observed in subjects with maximal stde daytime.
conclusion : silent myocardial ischemia may contribute to cerebrovascular disease in non-demented elderly men.
cerebral perfusion seems to be most vulnerable to myocardial ischemia in elderly with nocturnal blood pressure dipping.
the progressive loss of muscle strength during aging is a common degenerative event of unclear pathogenesis.
although muscle functional decline precedes age-related changes in other tissues , its contribution to systemic aging is unknown.
here , we show that muscle aging is characterized in drosophila by the progressive accumulation of protein aggregates that associate with impaired muscle function.
both foxo and 4e-bp delay muscle functional decay and extend life span.
communication between neurons and microglia is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system ( cns ) during both physiological and inflammatory conditions.
to prevent inflammation-associated damage , microglia reactivity is actively modulated by neurons in the healthy brain.
age or stress-induced disruption of normal neuronal-microglial communication could lead to an aberrant central immune response when additional stressors are applied.
treatment of mitochondria with h₂o₂ results in reversible inhibition of kgdh due to glutathionylation of the cofactor , lipoic acid.
upon consumption of h₂o₂ , glutathione is removed by glutaredoxin restoring kgdh activity.
glutathionylation appears to be enzymatically catalysed or require a unique microenvironment.
this may represent an antioxidant response , diminishing the flow of electrons to the respiratory chain and protecting sulphydryl residues from oxidative damage.
kgdh is , however , also susceptible to oxidative damage.
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal ( hne ) , a lipid peroxidation product , reacts with lipoic acid resulting in enzyme inactivation.
evidence indicates that hne modified lipoic acid is cleaved from kgdh , potentially the first step of a repair process.
the human skeleton optimizes its microarchitecture by elaborate adaptations to mechanical loading during development and growth.
the mechanisms for adaptation involve a multistep process of cellular mechanotransduction stimulating bone modelling , and remodeling resulting in either bone formation or resorption.
this process causes appropriate microarchitectural changes tending to adjust and improve the bone structure to its prevailing mechanical environment.
normal individual reaches peak bone mass at age between @number@ and @number@ years , and thereafter bone mass declines with age in both genders.
the bone loss is accompanied by microarchitectural deterioration resulting in reduced mechanical strength likely leading to fragility fractures.
these diseases are among the major health care problems in terms of socio-economic costs.
the studies included mainly two parts.
for human subjects : aging- ( i iv ) and early oarelated ( v vi ) changes in cancellous bone properties were assessed.
these investigations aimed to obtain more insight into the age-related and oa-related subchondral bone adaptations.
this study investigated the effects of age and hearing loss on perception of accented speech presented in quiet and noise.
the relative importance of alterations in phonetic segments vs. temporal patterns in a carrier phrase with accented speech also was examined.
effects of age and hearing loss were observed in both listening environments , but varied with speaker accent.
effects of the carrier phrase were minimal.
the findings indicate that recognition of accented speech , especially in noise , is a particularly challenging communication task for older people.
dietary pattern analysis represents a useful improvement in the investigation of diet and health relationships.
particularly , the mediterranean diet pattern has been associated with reduced mortality risk in several studies involving both younger and elderly population groups.
over the past @number@ years , a total of @number@ acs patients over @number@ years old were treated.
cardiac death occurred in @number@ patients in the pci group and in @number@ patients in the non-pci group.
the rates of both cardiac death and all-cause death were significantly lower in the pci group.
pci for elderly patients with acs is safe and life saving , and does not reduce the ability to perform activities of daily living.
pci should be recommended even for octo-nonagenerians with acs.
purpose : inguinal and femoral hernias are common disorders associated with aging.
incarcerated external hernias , however , are often fatal.
this study investigated the prognostic factors in patients with incarcerated hernias.
methods : the study reviewed @number@ patients ( aged 35-97 years ) diagnosed with incarcerated hernias who underwent emergency surgery.
results : the time from symptom onset to surgery was significantly longer in the resection group than in the group without resection.
the patients were divided into those treated within or after @number@ h using a receiver-operating characteristic curve.
more patients who underwent surgery after @number@ h from the onset of symptoms required an intestinal resection.
early diagnosis and early treatment are therefore necessary in such patients.
physical illness may precipitate psychological distress among older adults.
this study examines whether social support and self-efficacy moderate the associations between physical health and depression and anxiety.
predictions were tested in @number@ individuals age @number@ or older presenting for help with worry.
physical health was assessed through self-report ( subjective ) and physical diagnoses ( objective ) .
objective physical health did not have a significant association with depression or anxiety.
worse subjective physical health was associated with increased somatic anxiety , but not with depression or worry.
the relationship between subjective physical health and depressive symptoms was moderated by self-efficacy and social support.
unlabelled : aging alone is not the only factor accounting for poor bone health in older men.
methods : the concord health and ageing in men project is a population-based study in sydney , australia , involving @number@ men aged 70-97.
data were collected using questionnaires and clinical assessments.
bmd of the hip and spine was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry.
the positive relationship between higher bmd and recreational activities is attenuated with age.
conclusion : maintaining body weight , physical activity , and strength were positively associated with bmd even in very elderly men.
other parameters were also found to influence bmd , and once these were included in multivariate analysis , age was no longer associated with bmd.
this suggests that age-related diseases , lifestyle choices , and medications influence bmd rather than age per se.
an exploratory multivariate divergence analysis selected task performance and neurophysiological variables that best recognized impairment.
discriminant validity was then initially assessed on separate impaired and unimpaired groups.
results : decreased response accuracy and parietal late positive component ep amplitude in the episodic memory task best characterized impaired subjects.
sensitivity in recognizing impairment in the validation analysis was @percent@ with @percent@ specificity ( area under the curve = @number@ ) .
retest reliability was @number@ for the unimpaired and @number@ for the impaired validation groups.
methods : eeg was obtained and neuropsychological performance assessed in @number@ patients with ad.
the eegs were visually assessed for the presence of focal and / or diffuse abnormalities.
age , sex and education were entered as covariates.
patients with a normal eeg presented with a cognitive profile in which memory was mostly impaired.
patients with focal and diffuse eeg abnormalities presented with a nonmemory profile.
in recent years , residential care has become an alternative option for elder care in beijing , china.
aging is related to a chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines.
adverse socioeconomic conditions are associated with increased plasma levels of these molecules , especially interleukin ( il ) -6.
il-6 levels were measured using elisa.
differences in il-6 levels were registered across the education variables.
the results corroborate evidence that low socioeconomic status is related to higher il-6 plasma levels in elderly women.
healthy longevity is associated with environmental conditions , but its significance is still unclear.
in china , different age groups of old people may be influenced by different factors.
for people aged @number@ and above , their distribution may be more influenced by the economical factor , decreasing from east to west.
however , for people aged @number@ and above , they may be more influenced by the environmental factors.
the number of centenarians per @number@ is opposite to the percentage of people above @number@ decreasing from west to east.
longevity index ( li% ) and centenarity index ( ci% ) may be as index to evaluate the longevity level.
the biggest li% is in the south provinces of china , whereas the biggest ci% is in the northwestern provinces of china.
the south china and northwestern china are two longevity regions.
while the northwestern china has the topographic and sunshine advantages , which help the residents there more probable to reach @number@ years old.
the results indicate that for old people , their distribution will be influenced by the environmental factor to some extent.
the transcriptional corepressor smrt utilizes two major receptor-interacting domains ( rid1 and rid2 ) to mediate nuclear receptor ( nr ) signaling through epigenetic modification.
the physiological significance of such interaction remains unclear.
we find smrt expression and its occupancy on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( ppar ) target gene promoters are increased with age in major metabolic tissues.
smrt ( mrid1 ) cells exhibit increased susceptibility to oxidative damage , which could be rescued by ppar activation or antioxidant treatment.
in concert , several human smrt gene polymorphisms are found to nominally associate with type @number@ diabetes and adiponectin levels.
caloric intake influences metabolic homeostasis , somatic maintenance , tissue regeneration , and longevity in metazoans.
recent studies indicate that nutrient-dependent changes in stem cell populations play an important role in these effects.
here , we review the emerging picture of how nutrient-sensing pathways affect stem cell behavior , providing a mechanism to influence life span.
contrary to the incidence of primary cancers , the incidence of brain metastasis has been increasing.
it is important to put the treatment in the context of the prognosis for patients with brain metastases.
here , we review several candidate hypotheses and critically review supporting and contesting scientific evidence for the underlying theories.
for each hypothesis , we discuss the potential implications.
aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases , but the associated molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.
in contrast , we did not observe any regulation of forkhead transcription factor ( foxo ) target genes.
beta-catenin-activating phosphorylation at position ser675 was increased in aging mammary arteries , confirming the activation of this pathway.
beta-catenin silencing demonstrated that wnt induction of cyclin d1 expression is β-catenin dependent.
the most frequently used model to describe the exponential increase in mortality rate over age is the gompertz equation.
logarithmically transformed , the equation conforms to a straight line , of which the slope has been interpreted as the rate of senescence.
earlier , we proposed the derivative function of the gompertz equation as a superior descriptor of senescence rate.
here , we tested both measures of the rate of senescence in a population of patients with end-stage renal disease.
we conclude that the rate of senescence is better described by the derivative function of the gompertz equation.
the free radical theory of aging postulates that the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is the major determinant of aging and lifespan.
increase in p16 ( ink4a ) , a robust in vivo marker for fibroblast aging , may contribute to the observed phenotype.
this novel model is particularly suited to decipher the underlying mechanisms and to develop hopefully novel connective tissue-specific anti-aging strategies.
neurogenesis declines with aging.
in previous studies , neurogenesis was stimulated by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1 , 2 , 3 , 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride ( mptp ) in young animals.
cell proliferation and neurogenesis were assessed via bromodeoxyuridine labeling and immunostaining for cell type-specific markers.
our data suggest that in addition to aging effects associated with decline in the number of newly generated cells , mutant α-synuclein reduces mptp-induced neurogenesis.
this could provide a novel therapeutic target for chronic brain repair in this condition.
mechanistically , we find that both ku and sirt1 are induced during restoration and are required for senescent cells to return to a youthful phenotype.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia.
patients with af are at increased risk of thromboembolism and ischemic stroke.
in addition , the risk of bleeding associated with anti-thrombotic therapy also needs to be considered during the anti-thrombotic therapy decision-making process.
however , there are few published and validated bleeding risk schema available for af patients.
resource allocation in one facility is often made with an approximate knowledge of its impact on other facilities nearby.
unanticipated overflows may affect patients ' health and staff morale.
methods : administrative data relating to medical visits were linked to @number@ primary care facilities over a period of @number@ years.
the factors used were : age , sex , postal c ode , and date of visit.
results : community was the major explanatory factor for patients ' choice of facility , probably reflecting a tendency to use the closest facility.
older men and women tended to use appointment-based clinics more regularly than those who were younger.
it was noted that younger men selected emergency rooms more often than young women , with the difference cancelling out as they age.
the classification tree determined age thresholds for changing behaviours but also found dates when profiles changed within the same age-sex group.
later examination of service levels revealed that profile changes were subsequent to modifications in service operating hours.
it is important to measure the effect of service changes on patients ' choices for a more efficient allocation of resources.
the significant increase of mean donor age suggested the use of kidneys from older donors.
this review summarizes the current definition of a marginal donor and provides some suggestions for clinical management of these particular kidney transplants.
management of chronic uremia in elderly patients presents several clinic and organizational difficulties.
cpd is a successful dialysis option for elderly patients , in both patient and technique survival terms.
all nutritional parameters are of pivotal importance.
the number of elderly people starting dialysis is continuously increasing.
despite the psychosocial conditions and limitations intrinsic to older age , the quality of life and survival in elderly patients on hemodialysis is frequently acceptable.
a much grimmer picture of the life of elderly patients can be seen in patients with high comorbidity rates.
many measures can be adopted to prevent serious complications in the elderly.
the approach to the removal of excess fluid should be similar : the avoidance of large ultrafiltrations and , above all , rapid ultrafiltration rates.
it is better to turn to ultrafiltration profiles , controlled blood volume dialysis and possible long-duration dialysis , preferably nocturnal or daily dialyses.
nevertheless , the principles of management of type @number@ diabetes in the elderly are not different from those in middle-aged patients.
the old and more recent oral glucose-lowering agents , along with the newer types of insulin , will be discussed in this review.
hypertension is a common problem in the elderly.
in the elderly , systolic blood pressure increases because of arterial stiffness produced by structural alterations of arterial wall occurring with aging.
on the other hand , in people aged @number@ years and over , diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged or decreases.
renal biopsy continues to play an essential role in the clinical assessment of hematuria , proteinuria and kidney failure.
nonetheless , the indications for renal biopsy are still controversial.
the size of the aging population is growing.
many of the diagnoses made are treatable , and when treated , the outcome improves.
thus , a bias toward limited diagnosis based on age alone is not justified.
histology is essential to precisely characterize the glomerular diseases underlying nonspecific clinical pictures and to direct the best therapeutic strategies.
the progressive decline of renal function with aging is not inevitable , because it is mainly due to comorbid conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.
the aging process results in remarkable changes in the kidney.
nonetheless , understanding aging-induced renal changes may help to prevent life-threatening kidney disease.
this review will focus on glomerular hemodynamics , and on renal sodium and potassium handling and diluting and concentrating ability.
a number of structural changes occur in the kidney with aging.
the pathogenesis of aging-associated structural changes is not completely understood.
both genetic background and hemodynamic factors have been associated with progression of age-related morphological changes.
the fountain of youth has always been a myth for mankind.
aging is a physiologic state in which a progressive decline of organ functions is accompanied with the development of age-related diseases.
the causes of aging remain unknown , probably being related to a multifactorial process.
if aging results from oxidative stress , it may be corrected by environmental , nutritional and pharmacological strategies.
this review summarizes the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in developing aging in kidney and human pathologies.
this group certainly includes elderly patients with chronic kidney disease , the management of which has significant effects on health care settings.
the national and regional dialysis and transplant registers currently provide partial data on this phenomenon , but our information is incomplete.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide.
the great increase in the number of patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) can be explained by a number of reasons.
all of these factors have led to the birth of geriatric nephrology.
a careful and reasonable use of drugs in the elderly is also of importance.
the prognostic evaluation of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) plays a key role in the decision analyses of care processes.
the potential usefulness of the cga in evaluating treatment and follow-up of older patients with ckd is unknown.
higher mpi values were significantly associated with higher 1-year mortality in older patients with ckd.
moreover , mpi showed a greater discriminatory power than organ-specific prognostic indexes such as the estimated glomerular filtration rate.
intergenerational service learning is frequently used in gerontology courses.
using a focus group methodology , this study explored the experience of active older volunteers who participated in an intergenerational service-learning project with college students.
results indicated older adults positively experienced the project and found the relationships with their partners meaningful.
they appreciated students listening to their life stories and documenting them through memoirs.
the study shows that active older adults can benefit from an intergenerational service-learning experience.
prime-time animation is a television genre that frequently reflects on issues that are significant in contemporary society , including aging issues.
using such programs to present aging-related content can be a constructive pedagogical device , offering a means of actively engaging students.
the article also reports on a small survey of students who were exposed to such a teaching technique in an undergraduate aging course.
economic and political trends underscore the importance of engaged scholarship as evidence that colleges and universities are serving their constituencies.
subsequent surveys were used to define and prioritize modular continuing education topics suitable for web-based delivery.
eight listening sessions were held across new york state to obtain input on topics including training , gerontology education , and credentialing and certification.
individual sessions highlighted the needs of urban , rural , and suburban communities.
lack of incentives was identified as a barrier to credentialing or certification.
education about growing older beginning in grade school was recommended.
lack of funding was identified as a barrier that limited support for employee education / training.
disconnects were identified between employers and academic institutions and state government and providers regarding gerontology / geriatric training and education.
consideration to how these themes may be addressed by the association of gerontology in higher education is offered.
the american medical association ( ama ) developed an evidence-based , multi-media curriculum to promote basic competences.
this study evaluated reported changes in practice behaviors @number@ months posttraining in @number@ professionals trained via the ama approach.
eight teaching teams , designated and trained by ama staff , offered @number@ training sessions across the united states in @number@ to @number@
trainees ( @percent@ female ; mean age @number@ ) completed a pretest questionnaire and a posttest administered by mail.
physicians were the largest professional group ( @percent@ ) .
the posttest response rate was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
significant improvements in reported attitudes , confidence , and practices were found across measured items.
in particular , posttest data indicated new adoption of in-office screening techniques , chart documentation of driver safety concerns , and transportation alternative planning strategies.
findings suggest that a well-designed , one-time continuing education intervention can enhance health professional confidence and clinical practice concerning driver fitness evaluation and mobility planning.
targeted dissemination of this curriculum ( in-person and online ) will allow more to benefit in the future.
non-enzymatic lipophilic antioxidants may play a pivotal role in our aging process , and are reflected in our dietary lifestyle and dietary supplementation.
their significance lies in their general good absorption and slow excretion within our body.
the review discusses current findings and their implication in the aging process.
however , little is known about the quantitative relationship between the levels of sjtrec and age.
the quantification results showed that sjtrec declined in human pbls in an age-dependent manner ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
furthermore , there was no difference between males and females with regard to sjtrec levels.
purpose : smoking cessation has been shown to normalize the coronary endothelial dysfunction in healthy young smokers.
however , its effect has not been explored in middle-aged smokers with a longer history of smoking.
myocardial blood flow ( mbf ) was measured by using ( @number@ ) o-water positron emission tomography ( pet ) .
mbf ( cpt / rest ) at @number@ month after smoking cessation significantly increased in young smokers , but not in middle-aged smokers.
long-term smoking exposure could lead to more advanced coronary endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis possibly via oxidative stress.
motor unit recruitment and motor unit discharge rate ( mudr ) have been widely studied in isometric conditions but minimally during velocity-dependent contractions.
for isometric contractions , surface electromyography ( emg ) activity of the elbow extensors plateaus at near maximal torques ( le bozec et al.
@number@ le bozec and maton @number@ ) .
a biodex dynamometer was used to record elbow extension torque , position , and velocity.
a significant increase in erythrocytes has been reported in chronic haemodialysis patients and found to be strongly influenced by the uraemic milieu.
chromatographic procedures disclosed a homogeneous fraction able to increase erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure.
the inducer of such externalization was identified by monodimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry investigations as beta2-microglobulin.
such an effect was markedly enhanced by glycated forms of the protein.
beta2-microglobulin is recognized as a surrogate marker of middle-molecule uraemic toxins and represents a key component of dialysis-associated amyloidosis.
our study adds further evidence to the potential pathophysiologic consequences of beta2-microglobulin accumulation in chronic uraemic patients.
the quest for youth and beauty is an ongoing one.
no organ conveys youth and beauty to the extent that skin does.
with enhanced understanding of these molecular pathways , drugs and devices used to treat aging skin can be more precisely tuned.
photoaged skin is characterized by epidermal changes and damaged elastic fiber and collagen fiber networks.
sunburned skin , including minimal asymptomatic ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation-induced erythema , is characterized by infiltrating neutrophils.
neutrophils are potent cells capable of degrading elastic fibers and collagen fibers and are probably important players in the pathophysiology of photoaging.
the wearing of protective clothing and the use of sunscreens are important preventive measures.
drugs that interfere with the cascade of events that eventually lead to neutrophil influx are potential antiphotoaging agents.
recent findings : cataract is the leading cause of blindness , especially in developing countries.
the prevalence of cataract increases with the aging population.
although cataract surgery is the most cost-effective intervention , its delivery in developing countries has many issues and challenges.
however , in some parts of africa , it still continues to be a challenge.
apart from this , the issues related to ongoing supply of consumables and human resources continue to be a challenge in these countries.
we need to plan a comprehensive strategy to deliver the services in developing countries if we want to achieve our goal of vision @number@
this strategy would also enable us achieve our goal of eliminating avoidable blindness due to cataracts by the year @number@
we need to plan a comprehensive strategy addressing issues related to availability , affordability , accessibility and acceptability of eye-care services.
results : tear meniscus values were significantly correlated with clinical examination results and dry eye syndrome.
tear meniscus values were negatively correlated with age in healthy chinese subjects.
intraindividual variations in optical coherence tomography results were small in each group.
accuracy of dry eye diagnosis by fd-asoct was approximately @percent@ , and the clinical diagnostic critical point became lower with increasing age.
significant differences were observed in the tear meniscus borderline , tma , and tear transparency between the @number@ groups.
conclusions : fd-asoct provides blur-free imaging and precise measurement of the tear meniscus , which is consistent with clinical examinations.
therefore , fd-asoct is expected to become a valuable technique in dry eye screening and diagnosis.
setting : cornea and laser eye institute , hersh vision group , teaneck , nj.
methods : the cct of @number@ patients was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter.
age and preoperative spherical equivalent were recorded for all patients.
the entire population and subgroups stratified to age and spherical equivalent were analyzed.
results : mean cct was @number@ μm with an sd of @number@ μm and a range of 415-695 μm.
cct did not correlate with either age ( r = @number@ ) or refraction ( r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : this study defines the cct in a large population of patients undergoing refractive surgery.
in this population , age and refraction did not affect cct.
human prion diseases can be caused by mutations in the prion protein gene prnp.
the patient presented with prominent behavioral changes in addition to the more typical cognitive and motorimpairments seen in sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease.
the autopsy confirmed prion disease pathology.
objective : to assess bowel function and gastrointestinal quality of life among adults with operated hirschsprung's disease ( hd ) .
summary background data : outcomes of hd extending to adulthood are unclear ; bowel function and quality of life may deteriorate by aging.
patients were interviewed during their outpatient visit.
controls matched for age and sex were randomly chosen from the population register centre of finland.
results : ninety-two ( @percent@ ) patients representative for the entire study population responded.
the mean age of patients ( @percent@ male ) was @number@ ( interquartile range [ iqr ] , 35-48 ) years.
most ( @percent@ ) had undergone duhamel operation , and @percent@ had aganglionosis confined to the rectosigmoid.
the mean overall bowel function score was decreased among patients ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : although bowel function deteriorates with increasing age after operated hd , it is associated with only slightly decreased gastrointestinal quality of life.
use the older worker lure scale to rate your organization's ability to attract and retain older nurses.
in this study we examined the physical and functional interaction between wrn and rpa specifically in relation to replication fork blockage.
even with rpa bound stoichiometrically to this gap , wrn efficiently catalyzed regression of the fork substrate.
further analysis showed that rpa could be displaced from both substrates by wrn.
rpa displacement by wrn was independent of its atpase- and helicase-dependent remodeling of the fork.
however , aging is also associated with heart disorders such as diastolic dysfunction that are not necessarily linked to the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
recent studies have demonstrated a mechanistic link between wnt signaling and premature aging or aging-related phenotypes.
background : there have been conflicting reported associations between dietary factors and incident atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
we examined the associations between dietary exposures and af with cox proportional hazards regression.
results : a total of @number@ individuals developed af ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
in multivariable analyses , there were no significant associations between examined dietary exposures and af risk.
conclusions : consumption of alcohol , caffeine , fiber , and fish-derived pufas was not significantly associated with af risk.
the observed adverse association between the consumption of dark fish and af merits further investigation.
our findings suggest that the dietary exposures examined convey limited attributable risk of af in the general population.
background : few studies have investigated the long-term effect of overall nutritional recommendations on cognition.
a principal components analysis was performed to account for correlations in test scores.
multivariate linear regression models or analyses of covariance were also performed.
the principal components analysis revealed @number@ factors interpreted as reflecting verbal memory and executive functioning.
removing specific components from the pnns-gs did not modify the findings.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00272428.
background : increasingly , researchers have begun to explore the association between depression and mortality.
the current study examined the association between depressive symptoms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in chinese older people.
further to examine whether any associations were similar by sex and health status.
the cohort was followed up for mortality till @date@ .
the associations did not vary with health status.
conclusions : depressive symptoms were associated with all-cause mortality in men and with suicide in both sexes.
randomized controlled trials concerning the effects of treatment of depression on mortality are needed to clarify the causal pathways.
skin aging is an extremely important medical and social problem in the modern world.
results showed a decrease in a total number and the number of proliferating cells nuclear antigen-positive fibroblast-like cells in dermis with progression of age.
the numbers of cd45-positive cells and mast cells are gradually increased with aging.
eosinophils are almost absent in dermis independently on age.
mast cells are probably a main factor that potentially can be involved in tissue damage and aging changes in skin.
mast cells should be regarded as an important target for anti-aging therapy.
background : foot pain and related disability in older adults are common yet understudied problems.
this study aimed to determine the onset and persistence of disabling foot pain in community-dwelling older adults over a 3-year period.
results : of persons without disabling foot pain at baseline , @percent@ had developed it at @number@ years.
conclusions : accelerated onset with increasing age and frequent persistence suggests considerable public health impact of disabling foot pain as the population ages.
prevention of disabling foot pain in later life should be prioritized and predisposing factors identified as potential intervention targets.
background : gait and cognitive disturbances are common in parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
these deficits exacerbate fall risk and difficulties with mobility , especially during complex or dual-task walking.
traditional gait training generally fails to fully address these complex gait activities.
virtual reality ( vr ) incorporates principles of motor learning while delivering engaging and challenging training in complex environments.
we hypothesized that vr may be applied to address the multifaceted deficits associated with fall risk in pd.
outcome measures included gait under usual-walking and dual-task conditions and while negotiating physical obstacles.
cognitive function and functional performance were also assessed.
results : patients were @number@ ± @number@ years and had a mean disease duration of @number@ ± @number@ years.
posttraining , gait speed significantly improved during usual walking , during dual task , and while negotiating overground obstacles.
dual-task gait variability decreased ( ie , improved ) and trail making test times ( parts a and b ) improved.
gains in functional performance measures and retention effects , @number@ month later , were also observed.
conclusions : to our knowledge , this is the first time that tt + vr has been used for gait training in pd.
method : sixty cognitively healthy adults participated.
they consisted of two groups young adults ( 20-29 years of age ) and older adults ( 70-89 years of age ) .
only the older group demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the story measures.
performance on the production and comprehension measures significantly correlated with performance on the cognitive measures for the older group but not for the younger group.
finally , the study's findings suggest that memory and attention contribute to older adults ' story processing performance.
background : communication between families and providers in the icu affects patient and family outcomes and use of health-care resources.
recent research studies have tested interventions designed to improve communication quality and outcomes between providers and families of patients in the icu.
we conducted a systematic review of these studies.
results : in all , @number@ articles were identified.
interventions studied included printed information or structured family conferences , with or without additional family support.
conferences aimed to communicate the diagnosis and prognosis , elicit patient values , assess family understanding , and clarify the goals of treatment.
evidence that these interventions reduce total costs is inconclusive.
a comprehensive research agenda should ensure the future study of a full range of patient-centered outcomes.
this study investigated the influence of egocentric and allocentric viewpoints on a comparison task of length estimation in children and adults.
scenes were presented either from an egocentric or allocentric viewpoint.
we discuss these findings in terms of the influences of both bias-inhibition processes and school acquisitions.
because of its high prevalence and social impact , hearing impairment is a major public health problem.
so far , hearing aids and cochlear implants are the only possibility to \ "treat \ " profound deafness.
with the advent of regenerative medicine , extensive studies aimed to repair , regenerate or replace lost hair cells have been initiated.
the next challenges , alternative strategies , their limitations and prospects are also discussed.
background : to assess central corneal thickness and related factors in an elderly american chinese population residing in san francisco.
design : cross-sectional community based study.
participants : american chinese aged @number@ years and older were enrolled using random cluster sampling and volunteer screening in the chinatown district of san francisco.
history of systemic and ocular diseases was collected via standard questionnaire.
main outcome measures : central corneal thickness.
results : of @number@ eligible subjects , @number@ consented to study participation , and @number@ phakic eyes were analyzed.
conclusions : the distribution of central corneal thickness among this american chinese population is similar to that reported in studies from east asia.
the independent factors associated with thinner corneas included older age , lower intraocular pressure and greater corneal curvature.
recordings of electrical activity of corpus cavernosum ( eacc ) were retrospectively investigated in @number@ patients with erectile dysfunction.
penile colour doppler ultrasonography and cavernosometry were also performed for all of the patients.
total iief-5 score was @number@ ± @number@ in group @number@ @number@ ± @number@ in group @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ in group @number@
there were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding electrical potential frequencies , durations and amplitudes of electromyographic recordings.
conclusion : we do not think that cc-emg findings could be used efficiently as a predictor of ageing.
the paper deals with health problems of working-age population in the russian federation.
the data obtained provide a basis for the elaboration of medical and social programs aimed at increasing life expectancy.
restoration of occupational health system in russia is of crucial importance.
unlabelled : metastatic spinal cord compression occurs in @percent@ of cancer patients in the last @number@ years of life.
spinal cord injury ( sci ) due to tumors accounts for 26-45% of non-traumatic sci.
this study planned to document survival in patients with primary and secondary tumors causing sci admitted to a spinal rehabilitation unit over a 12-year period.
linkage to the registry of births , deaths and marriages ( victoria ) was used to calculate survival in months following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.
@number@ patients were included in the study cohort of which @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) were male.
the median age was @number@ years ( iqr @number@.6-74 ) .
the majority of patients had paraplegia ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) and a metastatic tumor ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) causing their sci.
most ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) patients died during the study period.
severe aortic stenosis is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among the aging population.
due to prohibitive surgical risk , many patients are not candidates for surgery.
therefore , transcatheter aortic valve implantation has emerged as a promising technology for treating this group of high risk patients.
with increasing experience , this procedure can be performed successfully and safely in selected high risk patients.
nevertheless , before widespread use and application to lower risk patients the results of randomized studies are mandatory.
primary ( degenerative ) and secondary ( functional ) mitral regurgitation ( mr ) is an important cause of heart failure.
after corrective or palliative operation in infancy or early childhood , some patients regularly need reoperations for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.
in the last decade , ppvi has evolved as an alternative treatment option with much less morbidity compared to repeated surgery.
data identification : a search of the english-language literature ( medline ) and a systematic review of published articles were carried out.
study selection : articles that specified both the methodology for quantifying melatonin and indicated the clinical purpose were chosen for inclusion in the review.
additionally , there has been a continuous interest in the use of melatonin as a marker for neoplasms of the pineal region.
melatonin decreases such as found with aging are or post pinealectomy can cause alterations in the sleep / wake cycle.
high-dose methotrexate ( mtx ) is the most useful cytotoxic drug used in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma ( pcnsl ) .
dose reduction should be made in patients with reduced renal function.
we evaluated the age of patients over a period of @number@ years and estimated their glomerular filtration rate.
one hundred and two patients were treated in nottingham university hospitals ( a regional centre for neurosurgery ) during the period 1986-2008.
the age at which patients were diagnosed with pcnsl increased during the period of the study.
the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased with age over @number@ years in a similar way to the general population.
the increasing age of patients with pcnsl and decreasing renal function limit the intensity of chemotherapy with mtx containing regimens.
the elderly in belo horizonte in @number@ represent @percent@ of total population residing therein.
it was concluded that the share of elderly people , weakened in belo horizonte was represented by less than one with good health.
aging is not synonymous with disability.
background : the random gap detection test ( rgdt ) evaluates temporal resolution threshold.
there are doubts as to whether performance in this task remains unchanged with the aging process.
age and audiometric configuration did not correlate to performance in the rdgt and in the sac.
conclusion : the average temporal resolution threshold for women was @number@.81ms.
background : children with specific language impairment ( sli ) have difficulties with speech processing.
these difficulties affect the development of phonologic representations.
children from both groups were arranged in three subgroups , according to the receptive vocabulary.
forty eight three syllable words were selected , being @number@ real words and @number@ that were manipulated in order to obtain non-words.
three variables were considered : ( a ) modification extension , ( b ) modification positioning and ( c ) modification type.
children had to decide whether a phonological sequence consisted of a word or a non-word.
results : even though children were matched by lexical age , there were differences between gc and rg.
the rg presented more difficulty in lexical decision , not only for words but also for non-words.
conclusion : children with sli presented deficit in phonological representation when compared with children with nld.
furthermore , persistent platelet activation despite antiplatelet therapy has been reported in this setting.
the prostacyclin analogue iloprost is currently recommended in cli patients for its effects in relieving symptoms by promoting local perfusion.
purpose : age as poor prognostic factor following nerve repair may be due to change in intraneural anatomy with age.
fifteen volunteers sbrn cross sectional area was measured by ultrasonography ( us ) .
results : the sbrn was found to have 6-12 fascicles.
ultrasonographic cross-sectional area ranged from @number@ to @number@ mm².
conclusions : our study revealed comparatively more adipose tissue in human sbrn with advancing age.
these findings may help to explain poor prognosis with advancing age following repair.
sbrn ultrasonographical asc was comparable to histological asc.
further , it is possible to find asc of sbrn by non-invasive us study and calculate the fascicular and non-fascicular area using our histological findings.
methods : ps-omega-3 was administered daily for @number@ weeks to eight elderly volunteers with subjective memory complaints.
the cognitive drug research test battery was used to assess the effect on their cognitive abilities.
results : ps-omega-3 supplementation resulted in @percent@ increase in the ability to recall words in the delayed condition.
conclusion : ps-omega- @date@ have a favorable effect on memory in subjects with subjective memory complaints.
ps-omega- @date@ serve as a safe alternative to phosphatidylserine extracted from bovine cortex.
dementia has become a common diagnosis in aging populations , and the numbers will increase in the forthcoming years.
the number of patients with ad , the most common cause of disability in the elderly , is set to rise dramatically.
the shapiro-wilk test checked the normality of the distribution.
the significance level utilized was @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
results : the experimental group reported the highest qol for every facet and the total score.
conclusions : the results suggest that tcm raises the level of qol.
previous studies have suggested that excitotoxicity may contribute to neurodegeneration in these disorders , however the underlying mechanisms and their relationship to alpha-syn remain unclear.
in the hippocampus , mglur5 was more abundant in the ca3 region and co-localized with alpha-syn aggregates.
the increased levels of mglur5 were accompanied by a concomitant increase in the activation of downstream signaling components including erk , elk-1 and creb.
these results highlight the therapeutic importance of mglur5 antagonists in alpha-synucleinopathies.
research in mammals has mainly focused on sirt1 , the closest homologue of sir2.
ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme a and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.
in patients aged between @number@ and @number@ or more than @number@ years there was an increased incidence ( p < 0.001 for both ) .
therefore , @percent@ of patients ( @percent@ aged ≥ @number@ years ) would not be electively screened.
purpose of review : there has been growing evidence that lifestyle factors may affect the health and lifespan of an individual by affecting telomere length.
summary : telomere length shortens with age.
progressive shortening of telomeres leads to senescence , apoptosis , or oncogenic transformation of somatic cells , affecting the health and lifespan of an individual.
shorter telomeres have been associated with increased incidence of diseases and poor survival.
the rate of telomere shortening can be either increased or decreased by specific lifestyle factors.
this review highlights the role of telomeres in aging and describes the lifestyle factors which may affect telomeres , human health , and aging.
purpose of review : sinus node disease ( snd ) is a common clinical condition and is the most common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation.
study design : the thickness of @number@ skulls of thai population was measured at the areas where halo pins are placed.
objective : analysis of skull thickness at the area of halo pin insertion site.
summary of background data : halo orthosis is a device used for providing stable fixation of instability of cervical spine injury.
although this device can be applied quickly and safely , complications do occur.
while clinical experiences have informed us that cranial bone thickness varies with age.
methods : coronal computerized tomography scans of @number@ heads of patients who had no head injury , skull fracture , or craniofacial abnormalities were reviewed.
all scans were performed with a philips cx / q. the patients ' ages were between @number@ days and @number@ years.
measurements were taken directly from the computer console , using the measure mode function.
these measurements were obtained in millimeters at the locations where halo pins would normally be placed.
statistical analyses within and between all age groups were performed using analysis of variance tests.
results : the skull thickness increased with age at all sites measured.
the average thickness of skull at the anterior midline varied from @number@ mm ( 0-9 years ) to @number@ mm ( 80-89 years ) .
conclusion : the thickness of skull at the halo pin insertion site gradually increases with age.
our study reveals that the thickness of skull reaches a steady peak in third to sixth decades.
the thickness of skull at the anterior midline can be predicted by a simple linear regression equation : a = @number@ + @number@.014 age.
the study used an input-process-outcome framework , a descriptive correlational design , and a mailed survey with a random sample of staff nurses.
computer experience , user involvement , and nursing management support were found to significantly explain information system use.
background : in children , exhaled nitric oxide ( eno ) is usually confounded by factors such as age and height.
we evaluated the relationship between eno and lung function by minimizing the effects of aging and height.
they were divided into two groups according to age ( 6-10 years and 11-15 years ) .
a height range was determined by a histogram of height in each group.
in study @number@ lung function , respiratory resistance and eno level were measured in age- and height-limited groups.
the level of eno among asthmatic children was higher than that of normal children in both the younger and the older groups.
however , the role of blvra in the aging process remains unclear.
h2o2 markedly induced blvra activity in young hdfs , but not in senescent hdfs.
taken together , these data support the notion that blvra contributes significantly to modulation of the aging process by adjusting the cellular oxidative status.
aim : aortic dilatation is a well-known phenomenon in the elderly.
we therefore aimed to study the pathobiological determinants of aortic dilatation.
methods : retrospective chart review.
the subjects were @number@ consecutive autopsy cases ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) of community deaths.
the age at death ranged from @number@ to @number@ years , with an average of @number@ years.
the simple correlation coefficient reached @number@ for the descending portion ( p < @number@ ) .
the circumference of the descending portion increased significantly as the severity of aortic atherosclerosis increased ( p for trend < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the contribution of atherosclerosis to aortic dilation was very weak , representing less than one seventieth of the contribution of age.
the aortic circumference , especially in the descending portion , serves as an excellent age-related marker.
here , we assessed the hypothesis that mtsnps may confer a risk for atherosclerosis , the most important intermediate phenotype of ischemic cardiovascular events.
methods : the subjects were @number@ consecutive autopsy cases ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) .
the average age at death was @number@ years.
the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was semi-quantitatively examined on cut sections.
we examined @number@ mtsnps using the pcr-luminex method , with a success rate of @percent@.
phylogenetic tree analysis yielded @number@ haplogroups.
multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjustments for sex , age , and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
results : among the @number@ mtsnps with minor genotype frequencies > 0.05 , @number@ mtsnps were associated with coronary atherosclerosis.
conclusions : the mitochondrial haplogroups a and m7a confer a significant risk for coronary atherosclerosis in the japanese.
the mitochondrial haplogroup may contribute some genetic risk for coronary heart disease.
bonding and primer solutions of self-etching systems were also mixed ( se + p and cp + p ) .
most adhesives presented decreased uts after water-storage.
similar or increased uts was observed after oil storage.
except for sb , e values did not change after water-storage , but they increased after storage in oil.
ob , cp + p and se + p presented more silver uptake.
the effects of water-storage were material-dependent , and significantly affected the mechanical properties and silver uptake patterns of adhesives.
in several kindreds , mutations in the insulator led to impaired ankyrin expression and congenital hemolytic anemia.
this work provides important insights into ways in which epigenetic changes can alter gene expression and thereby lead to human disease.
survey-adjusted data were analyzed descriptively.
results : four hundred and forty-two respondents returned surveys representing @number@ tribes and consortia.
human services were overall more available than health services.
there was a high level of interest for long-term care services among consumers and tribal leaders.
funding issues were the most prevalent reported factors adversely affecting long-term care development.
conclusions : efforts are needed to improve ai / ans access to these services.
both high bmi and diabetes are vascular risk factors that might play a role in the development of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and dementia.
thus , our aim was to explore the impact of fto on ad and dementia risk.
nine years of follow-up data was gathered from the kungsholmen project , a prospective population-based study on @number@ persons without dementia.
this effect remained after additional adjustment for physical inactivity , bmi , diabetes , and cvd.
an interaction between fto and apoe was found , with increased risk for dementia for those carrying both fto aa and apoe ϵ4.
importantly , the effect of the aa-genotype on dementia / ad risk seems to act mostly through the interaction with apoe ϵ4.
our results are in line with the recently reported association between fto and reduced brain volume in cognitively healthy subjects.
no synthase , type i ( nos-i ) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we have shown that short alleles of this repeat are associated with ad.
the ex1f-vntr risk genotype was associated with ad in the total sample and at the second follow-up.
thus , either long alleles of nos1 ex1f-vntr are protective against disease or conversely , short alleles predispose to earlier onset of disease.
these findings provide further evidence for an association of nos1 with ad.
only memory performance significantly correlated with csf levels of aβ ( 1-42 ) , t-tau , and p-tau along the ad continuum.
no significant correlations were found between other aspects of cognition and csf levels in ctr or ad patients.
the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of medications , their therapeutic and toxic effects are age dependant.
in the treatment of old people polypharmacy is widely used.
the most common results of polypharmacy are increased adverse drug reactions , drug-drug interactions.
in this study the use of different medications at the departments of general medicine and cardiology ( tbilisi republic hospital ) was analyzed.
the case histories ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) of @number@ patients were studied.
the complication rate was higher in elderly as compared with younger patients.
it was found that in treatment of elderly population hypotensive drugs , diuretics and cardiac glycosides are used excessively.
in the case of excess use of antihypertension medications there is a big risk of developing arterial hypotension.
in old people it may lead to orthostatic hypotension , in youth - to dizziness.
the frequent use of diuretics in old people may be accompanied with dehydration and risk of developing thromb formation.
hyponatraemia , hypokalaemia , hypomagnesemia lead to heart rhythm disturbances and risk of glycoside intoxication.
recent reports have shown that statin ( hmg-coa reductase inhibitors ) may have the potential to inhibit inflammatory arthritis.
more recently , the idea that chondrocyte aging is closely associated with the progression of cartilage degeneration has been promulgated.
in addition , this statin accelerated the production of cartilage matrix proteoglycan in chondrocytes.
the in vivo study was performed on the str / ortcrlj mouse , an experimental model which spontaneously develops an osteoarthritic process.
these findings suggest that statin may have the potential to prevent the catabolic stress-induced chondrocyte disability and aging observed in articular cartilage.
our results indicate that statin are potential therapeutic agents for protection of articular cartilage against the progression of oa.
childhood sep inequalities in dbp were stable with age in both men and women.
wound healing within the oral mucosa results in minimal scar formation compared with wounds within the skin.
we have recently demonstrated distinct differences in the aging profiles of cells ( oral mucosal and patient-matched skin fibroblasts ) isolated from these tissues.
we hypothesized that the increased replicative potential of oral mucosal fibroblasts may confer upon them preferential wound-healing capacities.
aging is associated with the functional decline of cells , tissues , and organs.
conversely , aging-associated functional decline caused by both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms is likely to reduce the fitness of stem and progenitor cell populations.
we tested this hypothesis using mouse hematopoietic models.
our studies indicate that the dramatic decline in the fitness of aged b-lymphopoiesis coincides with altered receptor-associated kinase signaling.
moreover , impairing il-7-mediated signaling is sufficient to promote selection for bcr-abl-expressing b progenitors.
we have previously shown that regulatory t cells ( treg ) accumulate dramatically in aged animals and negatively impact the ability to control persistent infection.
however , the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent accrual of treg remain unclear.
instead , we found that treg from aged mice are more resistant to apoptosis than treg from young mice.
notably , aged treg exhibit decreased expression of the proapoptotic molecule bim compared with treg from young mice.
additionally , accumulation of treg in bim-deficient mice occurred after the cells left the transitional recent thymic emigrant compartment.
mechanistically , we show that il-2 drives preferential proliferation and accumulation of bim ( lo ) treg.
methods : data come from the social environment and biomarkers of aging study and its parent study , the taiwan longitudinal study of aging.
discussion : for most mobility activities , there are no systematic differences in the perception of difficulty by individual characteristics.
the usual loss of mobility with age , however , reflects both a decrease in capacity and a lowering of the threshold for reporting difficulty.
since then , there have been no studies of ms frequency in hobart.
combined with the published data from the two preceding studies , the authors conducted a time-trend analysis of ms epidemiology over 1951-2009.
female prevalence increased over each time point ; male prevalence increased between @number@ and @number@ but was unchanged thereafter.
neither prevalence ( p = 0.48 ) nor incidence ( p = 0.18 ) sex ratios changed significantly between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : between @number@ and @number@ the age-standardised prevalence of ms in hobart increased threefold , and the incidence nearly doubled.
part of the increase in prevalence was due to an increased longevity , decreased mortality and increased incidence.
differences in patterns by birthplace may be explained by the australian assisted-migration programme of 1945-1981.
these data do not demonstrate the strong and significant changes in sex ratio observed elsewhere.
purpose : the study considers the social networks of older americans , a population for whom there have been few studies of social network type.
it also examines associations between network types and well-being indicators : loneliness , anxiety , and happiness.
we applied k-means cluster analysis to derive social network types using @number@ criterion variables.
social network type was found to be associated with each of the well-being indicators after adjusting for demographic and health confounders.
implications : knowledge about differing network types should make gerontological practitioners more aware of the varying interpersonal milieus in which older people function.
purpose : given age-related health restrictions , the importance of the environment for life satisfaction may increase in later life.
design and methods : a population-based sample of @number@ community-dwelling individuals aged 65-94 years reported on their sociophysical environment and life satisfaction using questionnaires.
results : on average , young-old differ from old-old in indoor physical environmental indicators but not in neighborhood characteristics or social aspects of housing.
separate analyses for both age groups revealed age differential explanation patterns.
apartment size was positively related to life satisfaction in the young-old but was negatively related in the old-old.
for the old-old , perceived neighborhood quality and outdoor place attachment were more important than for the young-old.
disrupted sleep patterns are a significant problem in the elderly , leading to increased cognitive dysfunction and risk of nursing home placement.
a cost-effective and unobtrusive way to remotely monitor changing sleep patterns over time would enable improved management of this important health problem.
we evaluated this algorithm using @number@ days of data collected in the homes of @number@ elderly community-dwelling elders.
results show an improvement of up to 10%-20% using this approach compared to the classification performance obtained when using each individual data source.
in japan , the number of elderly recipients who take medicines regularly has been increasing due to population aging.
the system confirms the type , quantity and timing of medication every time a recipient picks medicines up.
and then , the system notifies the caretakers about the adequacy of the type , quantity , and timing.
for realizing the function , we placed rfid readers in the imec and the recipient's house.
the readers measure the movement of objects such as medicines , foods , drinks , dishes , utensils.
by using the information , the imec could evaluate the adequacy about how to take medicines.
we confirmed that the new system was able to recognize foods , drinks and utensils by experiments.
in this paper , we propose an adequacy evaluation method by applying fuzzy inference.
swing toe trajectory has been investigated due to its association with tripping-induced falls.
this study investigated how motion of the entire foot segment influences the toe trajectory.
seven young and seven older participants walked both over-ground and on a treadmill to obtain the swing foot trajectory data.
no ageing effects were obtained for toe trajectory control.
the results also provide the first report of the foot's center of mass trajectory during the swing phase of the gait cycle.
the foot's trajectory resembles pendulum motion but further work will be necessary to test the foot-pendulum control hypothesis.
in this work , the mechanical properties of human coronary arteries have been characterized.
left ventricular endocardial action potentials were simulated using a modified luo rudy model.
a model of dofetilide , a class iii antiarrhythmic drug , was developed and included into a ventricular cell models.
the reduced repolarization reserve was reproduced decreasing the iks current.
on the other hand , young female and young male cells had similar action potentials under control conditions.
a system for diagnosing health problems from gait patterns of elderly to support their independent living is proposed in this paper.
we propose novel features for training a machine learning classifier that classifies the user's gait into four health problems and a normal health state.
results showed that decision tree classifier was able to reach @percent@ of classification accuracy using @number@ tags and @number@ mm standard deviation of noise.
neural network outperformed it with classification accuracy over @percent@ using @number@ tags with 0-20 mm noise.
control panel prototype has been developed to provide explanation of the automatic diagnosis.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
the disease is highly associated with age , and becoming increasingly prevalent in our aging societies.
drusen is a pathological feature that is well-associated with amd.
in this paper , we present a method of detecting drusen in retinal fundus images.
the method first determines the location of the macula , which is used as a landmark for a clinical drusen grading overlay.
subsequently , regions of drusen are identified though a maximal region-based pixel intensity approach via rgb and hsv channels.
methods of reducing the effect of retinal and choroidal vessels are also described.
the system is tested on a sample set of @number@ fundus images from a clinical study , with half having drusen.
experiments on the results show a sensitivity and specificity of @number@ on the test image set.
the present study compared the performance of forward , backward , and branch and bound feature selection algorithms when applied to electroencephalography and electromyography data.
the results showed that the forward selection algorithm outperformed the other techniques for this particular problem.
in addition , time domain features were primarily selected over frequency domain features.
validation of the selected subset suggests the approach is appropriate for future investigation.
breast density is considered a structural property of a mammogram that can change in various ways explaining different effects of medicinal treatments.
we also demonstrate how orientation of breast tissue changes in temporal study.
this framework facilitates radiologist to assess breast tissue change and guide them to evaluate individual risk of having breast cancer.
in this contribution , a new concept for an activity recorder and transceiver ( art ) is presented.
among the many purposes art can be used for , this contribution focuses on the development of personal assistant devices for an aging society.
in this document vital demands on such systems will be defined and systematically analyzed.
furthermore the system architecture and possible applications for arts will be presented.
we have evaluated a web-based phr in multiple locations covering diverse population groups.
the phr use by the low-income elderly was limited due to poor technical skills and low physical / cognitive abilities.
on the other hand , the younger and affluent populations used the web-based phr much easily and efficiently compared to the older and low-income group.
they regarded managing personal health information easy while the older group struggled.
as more computer literate individuals age , the next-generation elderly are certain to be more technically skilled than the current generation.
in an aging society , social demands for home-based rehabilitation and assistive technologies by healthcare and welfare services are globally increasing.
unfortunately , there are currently no commercially-available actuators compatible with the human requirements of flexibility , quietness , lightness and a high power-to-weight ratio.
the force and range-of-motion angle required for a passive exercise apparatus is also examined with the help of a professional physical therapist.
we are developing a microwave tomographic system for assessment of overall bone health.
wave speed is one of the key factors describing wave propagation in arteries [ @number@ ] .
local wave speed is directly related to the arterial wall properties [ @number@ ] .
with aging , arterial wave speed increases due to the stiffening of arterial wall , and also related to arterial disease.
a fragment of the hh-responsive gli2 transcription factor directly binds and inhibits the p16 promoter and senescence is associated with the loss of nuclear gli2.
elderly urologic patients require the same cautions as used in development of treatment programs for them in other disciplines.
erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is a common condition in aging men , with a prevalence of @percent@ in men aged @number@ to @number@ years.
it is frequently associated with several comorbid conditions , including cardiovascular disease , lower urinary tract symptoms , and testosterone deficiency.
these conditions often have major consequences on the quality of life of patients and require adequate evaluation by the primary care practitioner.
in this article , the evidence behind these associations is described.
this article reviews the epidemiology , management , and therapeutic options for these conditions.
background : the incidence of ischemia might be increased in the surgical repair of atherosclerotic unruptured aneurysms compared to non-atherosclerotic aneurysms.
the atherosclerotic wall might increase the occurrence of thrombembolic events or its rigidity might endanger the occlusion of perforators within the aneurysm vicinity.
this factor should be taken into consideration when performing surgery of atherosclerotic , unruptured aneurysms.
the drug-dependent induction of premature senescence in neoplastic cells is considered per se an important tumor suppressive mechanism.
in child-care centres , the influence of caregivers on the development of peer interactions seems ambivalent and mixed results are reported in the literature.
adopting an environmental approach , we examined the effects of the caregivers ' spatial proximity on children's social behaviour.
the study was carried out with @number@ children ( 18-40 months ) in @number@ child-care-centre groups.
children's behaviours were observed during free plays , and both children and caregivers ' locations were recorded.
this pattern of results is exhibited by the greater part of the children.
whatever the child-care-centre group , the age subgroup or the gender considered similar results are found.
age-related changes in immune function leave older adults at risk for a host of inflammatory diseases.
immune-mediated inflammatory processes are regulated by neuroendocrine hormones , including glucocorticoids , dehydroepiandrosterone , and the catecholamines , epinephrine , and norepinephrine.
this regulation , however , becomes impaired in older adults in light of age-related changes in endocrine function.
there are numerous examples of sex differences in brain and behavior and in susceptibility to a broad range of brain diseases.
for example , gene expression is sexually dimorphic during brain development , adult life , and aging.
these differences are orchestrated by the interplay between genetic , hormonal , and environmental influences.
however , the molecular mechanisms that underpin these differences have not been fully elucidated.
the elaboration of specific epigenetic marks is also linked with regulating sex hormone signaling pathways later in life.
at a population level , women and men differ in a wide variety of behavioral traits and in the probabilities of developing certain mental disorders.
some of these sex differences may be related to sexual dimorphism in brain structure , as it emerges during prenatal and post-natal development.
introduction : delayed graft function ( dgf ) is a common complication in kidney transplantation.
methods : one hundred fifty-five cadaveric donor transplantations performed at our center between @number@ and @number@ were selected for the study.
all significant variables at p < @number@ upon univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to identify risk factors for dgf.
conclusions : our data suggested that reduced intraoperative perfusion as measured using cvp monitoring might increase dgf risk.
this study provides the rationale to further investigate the optimal cvp target during this surgery.
we propose to determine if elevated leukocyte count was associated with a higher risk of wmls.
methods : @number@ asymptomatic subjects who visited our hospital for a routine health check-up were enrolled.
leukocyte counts were measured and the presence of moderate to severe wmls was determined by brain mri.
conclusion : the authors report for the first time that an elevated leukocyte count is independently associated with moderate to severe wmls.
prevalence of dementing illnesses is expected to grow due to aging of the population throughout the world.
vascular dementia and alzheimer's disease share several risk factors and are nowadays considered two ends of a continuum rather than two distinct entities.
more research in this area is needed , specifically , placebo-controlled randomized trials in both mid-life and late-life with cognitive dysfunction as a primary endpoint.
methods : coplanar zirconia specimens were bonded to cocr-cylinders measuring @number@ mm in diameter and @number@ mm in height.
all bonding areas were first sandblasted with @number@ μm al ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) ( @number@ mpa , @number@ s ) .
results : bond strength higher than @number@ mpa was considered clinically sufficient.
sbs measured with each bonding concept surpassed this value , except control and maxcem after @number@ d.
in contrast , tbs values were rather different.
the application of a silane coupling agent alone showed very low values in the tbs test.
silica coating was only sufficient after @number@ d of water storage and when combined with phosphate-esters or phosphone-containing primers.
bonding agents based on di-phosphates or phosphones showed stable tbs values of less than @number@ mpa under different aging conditions.
the predominant mode of failure was adhesive failure at the ceramic surface.
conclusions : of the investigated bonding concepts of the zirconia-to-resin interface provided clinically sufficient tensile bond strength.
sbs values were inadequate for a sufficient ranking.
licence restrictions represent a possible third option for some older drivers , by better managing crash risk while still allowing acceptable levels of mobility.
the present study has explored licence restrictions as applied to victorian older drivers over a ten-year period.
however , two important findings emerged.
first , the imposition of a licence restriction was usually associated with a reduction in absolute crash rates.
second , three restrictions were identified that most readily form the basis of a graduated driving reduction program.
in fact , cma activation seems to be a common mechanism of cellular defense against proteotoxicity.
remembering the past and envisioning the future rely on episodic memory which enables mental time travel.
studies in young adults indicate that past and future thinking share common cognitive and neural underpinnings.
no imaging data is yet available in healthy aged subjects.
behaviorally , both time-periods were comparable in terms of visual search strategy , emotion , frequency of rehearsal and recency of the last evocation.
however , pp were more episodic , engaged a higher state of autonoetic consciousness and mental visual images were clearer and more numerous than fp.
the common neural network and behavior suggests that healthy aged subjects thought about their future prospects in the past.
the contribution of retrospective thinking into the future that engages the same network as the one recruited when remembering the past is discussed.
within this network , differential recruitment of specific areas highlights the episodic distinction between past and future mental time travel.
aims of the study : earlier p300 studies were conducted when the prevalence of dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) was unknown.
p300 was more delayed and had lower amplitude in dlb compared to ad groups.
p300 topography was also different as the anterior-to-posterior scalp amplitude gradient was reversed in dlb.
p300 latency correlated with neuropsychological test scores and with eeg variables.
conclusions : p300 recordings are abnormal in dlb and can be useful to distinguish dlb from ad.
with the advent of miro-liposuction techniques , there is renewed interest in the use of aspirated fat.
commercial fillers have a valuable place in the cosmetic surgeon's armamentarium and offer immediate volume correction with a more modest financial commitment.
by @number@ nearly @percent@ of the us population will be older than @number@ years.
in @number@ there will be more than @number@ million older americans.
this increase in the elderly population has prompted interest in recent years toward the study of frail older adults.
this article reviews the literature investigating the utility of aerobic and resistance exercise training as an intervention for frailty in older adults.
in addition , areas of future research are addressed , including concerns related to the dissemination of exercise interventions on a widespread scale.
guidelines for an \ "exercise prescription \ " for frail older adults are briefly outlined.
frailty and its management represent an emerging area of clinical care in older adults.
geriatricians have long recognized a syndrome of multiple comorbid conditions , immobility , weakness , and poor tolerance of physiologic stressors in older adults.
patients with these characteristics are described as frail and suffer increased adverse clinical outcomes.
this article reviews the clinical spectrum of frailty in older adults , its biologic etiology , and potential clinical interventions.
several operational definitions of frailty and the associated clinical signs , symptoms , and outcomes are outlined.
the biologic mechanisms hypothesized to underlie frailty are explored , particularly in the musculoskeletal , endocrine , and immune systems.
treatment options for frail , older adults are discussed , including physiologic system-targeted interventions and geriatric models of care.
frailty is an important geriatric syndrome characterized by multisystem dysregulation.
substantial evidence suggests heightened inflammatory state and significant immune system alterations in frailty.
alterations in the innate immune system include decreased proliferation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and upregulated monocytic expression of specific stress-responsive inflammatory pathway genes.
over the last few decades , the understanding of the renin-angiotensin system ( ras ) has advanced dramatically.
this review provides an overview of the changes in ras with aging and age-disease interactions culminating in the development of frailty.
there are two hallmarks of aging that must be considered primary concerns when trying to improve health for older adults : frailty and chronic diseases.
some pathologic mechanisms related to diseases may help to explain frailty.
this article describes known associations among frailty and chronic diseases and introduces punished inefficiency as an explanatory framework for frailty.
punished inefficiency proposes that having several physiologic impairments leads to physiologic inefficiencies.
these inefficiencies may become manifest as frailty , often in the presence of disease.
stress imposed on frail older adults strengthens this negative feedback to activity , leading to disuse.
a framework for excluding potentially confounding disease and a working clinical tool to diagnose frailty have been provided.
the associations between frailty and other pathophysiologies has also been shown.
as nonreplicative cells age , they commonly accumulate subcellular deficits that can compromise function.
as people age , they too experience problems that can accumulate.
counting deficits not only allows grades of frailty to be discerned but also provides insights into the complex problems of older adults.
this process is potentially useful to geriatricians who need to be experts in managing complexity.
understanding people and their needs as deficits accumulate is an exciting challenge for clinical research on frailty and its management by geriatricians.
sound localization requires precise and specialized neural circuitry.
a prominent and well-studied specialization is found in the mammalian auditory brainstem.
in rodents , immature calyces of held appear in mntb during the first few days of postnatal life.
these calyces mature morphologically and physiologically over the next three postnatal weeks , enabling fast , high fidelity transmission in the vcn-mntb pathway.
studies suggest that cumulative exposure to lead , as measured in the bone , is associated with accelerated cognitive decline at older age.
it is presently unclear , however , whether current blood lead levels ( blls ) are adversely related to cognitive functioning in older adults.
we evaluated blls in relation to cognition in the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) .
the current study was limited to adults age @number@ and older.
similarly , there was no clear association between performance on the dsst and bll after accounting for all covariates.
our findings add to the inconsistent evidence regarding the association between concurrent blls and cognitive function in older adults.
early-life or long-term , accumulated lead exposures may be etiologically more relevant to accelerated cognitive decline at older age.
the future potential of these methods include further discoveries in functional genomics and contributions to the elucidation of the histone code.
such studies could prove very valuable in studies of the mechanisms of cancer development , aging , and other processes of disordered genomic functioning.
cellular senescence arrests the proliferation of potential cancer cells , and so is a potent tumor suppressive mechanism , akin to apoptosis.
or is it ?
why did cells evolve an anti-cancer mechanism that arrests , rather than kills , would-be tumor cells ?
in some instances , this mobilization benefits the organism , but in others it can be detrimental.
skin photoaging , the most common skin damage , is caused by chronic uv irradiation.
dermal multipotent stem cells ( dmscs ) are a population of adult stem cells derived from dermis in recent years.
it has been confirmed that dmscs can activate or differentiate into fbs to participate in wound healing by producing and expressing tgf-β and other cytokines.
these would provide a novel approach for anti-skin photoaging.
each gene was thoroughly interrogated with tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , and gene-based tests were used to enhance power.
here , we assessed the effect of aging on implicit vs. explicit learning within the same task.
subsequently , participants classified novel strings as grammatical or nongrammatical.
acquisition of superficial ( \ "chunk-based \ " ) and structural ( \ "rule-based \ " ) features of the grammar were analyzed separately.
we found that overall classification accuracy was diminished in the elderly , driven by decreased performance on items that required chunk-based knowledge.
performance on items requiring rule-based knowledge was comparable between groups.
our findings may explain divergent results on implicit learning tasks in previous studies on aging.
they may also help to better understand compensatory mechanisms during the aging process.
the optimal subsidy on preventive expenditures is shown to depend on the combined impacts of misperception , externalities and self-selection.
the association between adverse health and loneliness among aging people is known , but most of the studies are cross-sectional.
in addition , the associations between changes in loneliness with health are less well known , especially in the case of aging people.
longitudinal , questionnaire-based data were collected from three age cohorts ( born in 1926-30 , 1936-40 , and 1946-50 ) living in southern finland.
logistic regression analyses were used to derive the results.
never or seldom experiencing loneliness was a strong predictor for good srh.
in addition , good health was common among those who never felt lonely.
among men the group experiencing decreasing loneliness had the highest or of good health.
thus , loneliness is a significant contributor to poor srh among aging people.
in addition , favorable srh is indicated not only by the absence of loneliness at both measurement points , but also by decreased loneliness.
preventing loneliness is important for health promotion.
microoxygenation ( mox ) is now widely applied for the maturation of red wines as an alternative to barrel aging.
the proposed improvements in wine quality arising from mox include color stabilization , removal of unwanted off-odors , and improvements in wine mouthfeel.
likewise , tannin analyses have been undertaken in several studies , but explanations of the decline in wine astringency remain to be developed.
heart failure is a chronic progressive disorder in which frequent and recurrent hospitalizations are associated with high mortality and morbidity.
the incidence and the prevalence of this disease will increase with the increase in the number of the aging population of the united states.
recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors have the potential to become a promising novel therapeutic vehicles for molecular medicine in the future.
methods : present prospective randomized study.
ot or vats lobectomy was performed in patients who met enter criteria and clinical data was collected.
plasma concentration of il-6 , il-8 and il-10 were measured before surgery and at postoperative day ( pod ) @number@ and pod @number@
there were @number@ males and @number@ females , aging from @number@ ∼ @number@ years with a mean of ( @number@ ± @number@ ) years.
conclusion : vats lobectomy for early nsclc is associated with less acute inflammatory responses and less immunosuppression when compared with ot.
objective : to discuss the surgical option and the treatment of complications of pancreatic cystic tumors.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients with pancreatic cystic tumors in our center were reviewed retrospectively.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female , aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
tumor located in pancreatic head in @number@ patients and in pancreatic body and tail in @number@ patients.
results : all patients received surgical treatment and there was no perioperative death.
complication included gastroparesis in @number@ patients and pancreatic fistula in @number@ patients , and all recovered by conservative treatment.
others were alive and there was no tumor recurrence or metastasis.
conclusions : ct scan should be the first choice of non-invasive examination for cystic pancreatic diagnosis.
positive and timely operation should be performed in the patient with cystic pancreatic tumor , and it acts as a cancer preventive treatment.
the selection of surgical approach should be individualized , the principal of damage control surgery should be followed.
complications such as gastroparesis and pancreatic fistula should be paid more attention.
objective : to study the clinical application value of middle segment pancreatectomy in the treatment of benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas.
methods : fifteen cases were retrospectively analyzed treated from @date@ to @date@ .
there were @number@ male and @number@ female aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
they all received middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas.
results : there was no death during perioperative period.
all the @number@ patients received middle segment pancreatectomy.
fourteen of them received the closure of broken ends of pancreatic head , pancreaticojejunostomy ( mono-anastomosis ) and the rest one received dipl-anastomosis.
three of them got pancreatic fistula and were self cured in @number@ months.
follow-up visits to all the patients kept in the following @number@ to @number@ months.
there was no death.
no patients got new-onset diabetes and pancreatic pseudocyst.
and their tumors were not relapsed.
conclusions : there is an exact therapeutic effect of middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas.
the treatment has little function damage to patients ' endocrine and external secretion.
the incidence rate of pancreatic fistula in middle segment pancreatectomy is higher than that in pancreaticoduodenectomy.
as long as the drainage is kept unobstructed , most of the pancreatic fistula can be self cured.
objective : to investigate the surgical options for the malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor ( pnets ) .
methods : the clinic data of @number@ patients with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who were admitted between @date@ and @date@ were summarized.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female , aging from @number@ to @number@ years ( mean age , @number@ years ) .
the general information , postoperative pathology results , surgical options and followup were also collected.
results : there were @number@ cases of malignant pnets including functional malignant pnets in @number@ cases and nonfunctional malignant pnets in @number@ cases.
one patient accepted ct guided biopsy.
follow up were lost in two patients after operations.
five patients died in the first year after operations.
twenty-two patients still survived after mean follow up of @number@ months ( @number@ - @number@ months ) .
conclusions : malignant pnets is the proper indication for surgical treatments.
more accumulation of clinical data is needed to evaluate the significance of local resection of malignant pnets in pancreatic head and cytoreductive surgery.
acute kidney injury ( aki ) is a major health care condition with limited current treatment options.
within this context , stem cells may provide a clinical approach for aki.
renal function at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days was assessed.
histological samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy and renal injury was graded.
cytokine analysis on serum samples was performed.
hb-treated rats showed a minor degree of inflammation , both at cytokine and tem analyses.
no relationship between the other cognitive domains and brain or hippocampal volume was found.
the findings suggest a role of hippocampal atrophy in the decline in fluid intelligence in the elderly.
this study examined domain-specific effects of common neuropathologies on cognition using data ( n = @number@ ) from two large cohort studies of older adults.
we first identified dimensions of a battery of @number@ neuropsychological tests , and regional measures of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) neuropathology.
all cognitive domains had multiple neuropathology determinants that differed by domain.
neocortical neurofibrillary tangles were the strongest predictors of most domains , while medial temporal tangles showed a weaker relationship with episodic memory.
neuritic plaques had relatively strong effects on multiple domains.
lewy bodies and macroscopic infarcts were associated with all domains , while microscopic infarcts had more limited associations.
brain weight was related to all domains independent of specific neuropathologies.
results show that cognition is complexly determined by multiple disease substrates.
neuropathological variables and brain weight contributed approximately a third to half of the explained variance in different cognitive domains.
the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation.
this so-called ' anabolic resistance ' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass.
interestingly , long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass , and improves functional performance in the elderly.
background : in many parts of the world the provision of psychogeriatric inpatient units ( pgus ) remains limited.
more units will be required over coming decades given rapid population aging.
selected non-peer reviewed literature such as government reports and unpublished academic dissertations were also reviewed.
over @number@ papers were reviewed and @number@ were included.
randomized controlled studies comparing different designs and assessing outcomes are virtually non-existent.
several studies have identified violence and trauma resulting from hospitalization as significant problems with current acute pgu care.
despite its limitations the available literature provides useful guidance on how pgu design can optimize patient and staff safety and improve clinical outcomes.
conclusions : there are significant problems with current acute pgus , and patient mix on existing units is an important issue.
reportedly , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) mitigate daergic neurotoxicity in rodent models of pd.
consistent with these findings , epidemiological analysis indicated that certain nsaids may prevent or delay the progression of pd.
however , a serious impediment of chronic nsaid therapy , particularly in the elderly , is gastric , renal and cardiac toxicity.
nitric oxide ( no ) -donating nsaids , have a safer profile while maintaining anti-inflammatory activity of parent compounds.
results : hct1026 was well tolerated and did not cause any measurable toxic effect , whereas flurbiprofen fed mice showed severe gastrointestinal side-effects.
hct1026 provides a novel promising approach towards the development of effective pharmacological neuroprotective strategies against pd.
background : the potential contribution of allotment gardens to a healthy and active life-style is increasingly recognized , especially for elderly populations.
however , few studies have empirically examined beneficial effects of allotment gardening.
respondents were divided into a younger and older group at the median of @number@ years which equals the average retirement age in the netherlands.
the impacts of allotment gardening on health and well-being were moderated by age.
health and well-being of younger allotment gardeners did not differ from younger neighbors.
conclusions : these findings are consistent with the notion that having an allotment garden may promote an active life-style and contribute to healthy aging.
however , the findings may be limited by self selection and additional research is needed to confirm and extend the current findings.
feedback-related negativity is an event-related brain potential elicited by negative feedback.
its properties make it a valuable tool for the assessment of cognitive-affective processes that are involved in feedback and reward processing.
the present study sought to determine the minimum number of trials that are required to obtain a reliable frn component using a simple gambling paradigm.
three independent groups of young participants and one group of old participants were used.
in the experimental conditions with healthy young controls , @number@ trials were sufficient to measure the optimal frn amplitude.
in older participants , @number@ trials were needed to obtain a reliable frn.
importantly , recent studies indicate dietary flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties and are capable of mitigating microglial cells in the brains of aged mice.
over the past years , increasing numbers of distinct subsets have been discovered and identified for a t lymphocytes ' entity.
differentiation and function of each t cell subset are controlled by a specific master transcription factor.
importantly , runt-related transcription factors , particularly runx1 and runx3 , interplay with these master regulators in various aspects of t cells ' immunity.
lastly , we explain feed-forward relationship between runx1 and foxp3 and discuss roles of runx1 in regulatory t cells ' suppressive activity.
introduction : aging is a recognized risk factor for erectile dysfunction ( ed ) , contributing independently to vascular damage of penile tissue.
vascular maintenance depends on angiogenic balance in tissues.
other factors , such as angiopoietins , cross talk with vegf , modulating its effects.
rna was extracted and converted to cdna.
real-time pcr reactions employed appropriate primers.
kdr , tie-2 , akt , and phospho-akt protein levels were also assessed by western blotting ( wb ) .
computer-assisted evaluation of vascular areas was performed.
main outcome measures : study of angiopoietins-tie-2 and vegf-kdr systems in human cc during aging by real-time pcr and wb.
the ratios ang1 / tie-2 and vegf / kdr and akt levels were also determined.
results : real-time pcr results showed a sixfold significant reduction in the ang1 / tie-2 ratio during aging.
ang2 , vegf , and kdr expression results were highly variable.
nevertheless , the ratio vegf / kdr was significantly higher in the aged individuals.
akt and phospho-akt levels were similar in both groups.
immunohistological evaluation revealed a significant decrease in vascular areas and endothelial surface in cc with aging , despite no differences found in vessel number.
conclusions : the obtained results suggest an aging-associated downregulation of angiopoietins / tie-2 system and an apparent compensatory upregulation of the vegf / kdr system.
background : a myriad of technologies are available for the treatment of aging skin.
these , however , still lack the ability to combine immediate , short-term and long-term aesthetic results with no downtime.
histology was assessed before and @number@ months after the third treatment.
results : a total of @number@ treatment areas were evaluable at 1-3 months follow-up.
photographic analysis demonstrated improvement in skin variables at all body sites treated.
treatments of the chest demonstrated significant visual improvement.
treatment of the dorsal hands produced good overall improvement ( oi ) , with good improvement of protruding veins.
overall improvement increased with increasing number of treatments.
a total of @number@ treatment areas were evaluable for long-term follow-up.
treatment of the face and neck reduced the mean fitzpatrick-goldman wrinkle classification score by @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
improvement after treatment of the face represented a full wrinkle class reduction.
treatment of the chest and dorsal hands yielded significant visual improvement.
overall , @percent@ of subjects were satisfied with the treatment outcome and would recommend the treatment to friends and family.
histological analysis demonstrated increased dermal collagen ιιι.
improvement can be seen as early as @number@ month and as long as @number@ months after treatment.
purpose : the purpose of this paper is to describe coping practices used by older women during preclinical disability.
design : this paper was derived from qualitative data gathered during a larger multimethod longitudinal study.
findings : women coped with functional decline , such as difficulty getting up from the floor , in many different ways.
coping practices were grouped into five themes : resist , adapt , substitute , endure , and eliminate.
these results indicate that quadriceps muscle mitochondrial function is altered in patients with copd.
the regulatory mechanisms underlying these functional abnormalities remain to be uncovered.
multiple factors have contributed to this improvement including safer anesthetic agents , better monitoring devices and the development of a specialized pediatric environment.
provider skill has benefitted from improved training and recognition of high-risk situations.
further improvements will depend on international , multispecialty efforts to standardize terminology and analyze large numbers of these infrequent adverse events.
one essential reason for skin ageing is the formation of free radicals by excessive or unprotected sun exposure.
sunscreens are known to protect against radicals generated by uv radiation ; however , no data exist for those generated by ir radiation.
the use of sunscreens has led to reduced amounts of radicals compared to untreated skin.
of these formulations contained an optical absorber in the ir range.
heat shock proteins ( hsps ) are expressed in mammalian embryonic , adult and aging lens , cornea and retina.
hsps are molecular chaperones characterized by their protective activity against different types of stress.
they are also effective to protect the retina against the high rate of oxidative metabolism observed in this tissue.
results : trend analyses.
data from @number@ @number@ children were analyzed. a ) whole study population aged 4-16 years old.
ov / ob prevalence increased in most subgroups studied until @number@
cross-sectional analyses.
data from @number@ @number@ children were analyzed.
ov / ob prevalence was significantly higher in @number@ compared with @number@ in girls aged 12-16 years and in boys aged 8-16 years.
ov / ob obesity prevalence was significantly lower in @number@ compared with @number@ in children aged @date@ years.
conclusion : ov / ob prevalence increased between @number@ and @number@ in german children.
since @number@ this trend has been stabilizing or turning into a downward trend.
our data confirm the global trend of stabilizing prevalence rates of childhood obesity at a high level and add important information for individual age groups.
age- and gender-specific differences found in trends of ov / ob prevalence may help optimise preventive and therapeutic measures.
in contrast , hemoglobin a1c levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention.
in conclusion , black soy peptide supplementation may be beneficial for controlling fasting blood glucose levels and 2-hour pg levels.
metabolic syndrome is characterized by multiple risk factors and is associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
recently , the cardio-ankle vascular index ( cavi ) was developed as a new parameter reflecting arterial stiffness and providing an index of vascular status.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on cavi.
a total of @number@ chinese subjects aged 50-92 years participated in this study.
we measured cavi and examined blood samples to define metabolic syndrome according to the international diabetes federation criteria.
cavi in the subjects with abnormal waist circumference was significantly higher than that obtained in the normal subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
cavi showed a positive correlation with waist circumference and increased significantly with the number of metabolic syndrome components.
elevated abdominal obesity and low hdl-c are the main players affecting arterial stiffness in the middle-aged and elderly chinese.
these findings suggest that interaction of the individual components of metabolic syndrome plays a role in the relationship between metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness.
the aging of the population has been associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of neoplastic diseases.
ao risk was modelled by logistic regression.
the internal validity was estimated using bootstrap techniques.
risk models were represented as risk score diagrams by gender for the age intervals 2-4 y and 2-6 y.
results : in addition to the bmi sds at certain ages , the previous bmi sds during childhood is positively related to adult weight.
receiver operating curves analysis provides insight into sensible cut-offs ( auc varied from @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : the risk score diagrams can serve as a tool for young children for primary prevention of adult overweight.
to avoid wrongly designating children at risk for ao , we propose a cut-off with a high specificity at the risk of approximately @number@
after external validation , wider adoption of this tool might enhance primary ao prevention.
we investigated whether the upswing in bmi at ar is accompanied by an increase in body fat.
design : community-based cohort study.
subjects : a total of @number@ first-born children ( @percent@ male ) .
measurements.
supplementary ( 0-2 years ) weight and length measures ( needed for growth curve modelling ) were drawn from subjects ' child health records.
methods : ar was estimated from individually modelled bmi curves from birth to @number@ years.
results.
the @number@ children ( @percent@ ) experiencing early ar had higher bmi , fmi , lmi and percent fat at @number@ years.
conclusion : the ' adiposity rebound ' is characterised by increasing lean mass index , coupled with cessation of the decline in fat mass index.
understanding what controls the dynamics of childhood body composition and mechanisms that delay ar could help prevent obesity.
although antiretroviral therapy for hiv infection prevents aids-related complications and prolongs life , it does not fully restore health.
hiv-associated inflammation and immunosenescence have been implicated as causally related to the premature onset of other end-organ diseases.
novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or reversing these immunologic defects may be necessary if hiv-infected patients are to achieve normal life span.
aging is known to be a dominant risk factor in the progression of hypertension.
therefore , in order to detect and treat age-associated hypertension appropriately , it is important to assess ambulatory blood pressure monitoring throughout the 24-h period.
objective : this study examines working memory ( wm ) in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
conclusions : overall , these results indicate impaired wm in age-related disorders with a gradient between mci and ad.
retention interval increases deficit in persons with ad.
it also shows potential in predicting a negative prognosis in those with mci.
the aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of d-galactose for @number@ days.
moxibustion was applied to st @number@ gb @number@ gv @number@ and cv @number@ separately for @number@ moxa-cones , once every other day for one month.
the national notifiable diseases surveillance system received @number@ notifications of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in australia from @date@ to @date@ .
the alphaviruses , barmah forest and ross river , accounted for @number@ ( @percent@ ) of these notifications during @date@ .
there were @number@ notifications of dengue virus infection locally-acquired in north queensland and @number@ notified cases resulted from overseas travel.
north queensland was the site of several outbreaks of locally-acquired dengue virus infection involving all @number@ serotypes.
these dengue outbreaks affected several locations with over @number@ notifications.
increased levels of flavivirus activity were detected in western and northern australia , which prompted public health action.
there were no notifications of locally-acquired malaria in australia and @number@ notifications of overseas-acquired malaria during @date@ .
this annual report presents information of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in australia and notified to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system.
methods : the institute of occupational health of macedonia developed an specially designed questionnaire in collaboration with the who regional office for europe.
results : all examined groups / sectors were judged to have high risk for occupationally related health problems by over @percent@ of the responders.
canada's population is aging , and seniors constitute the fastest growing demographic in the nation.
the ethical problems that arise in the care of dying patients are numerous and complicated.
advanced parkinson's disease patients require for their care the participation of a multidisciplinary team.
hip fracture is one of the most common orthopedic conditions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
with a progressively aging population , the annual incidence of hip fracture is expected to increase substantially.
emerging evidence suggests that early surgery ( < 24 h ) minimizes complications secondary to immobilization , including orthostatic pneumonia and venous thromboembolism.
delayed surgical repair ( > 48 h ) has been consistently demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of 30-day and 1-year mortality.
nonetheless , early surgery necessitates a shorter time for preoperative medical preparation , in particular cardiac assessment.
patients who undergo emergent orthopedic surgery are therefore at greater risk of perioperative cardiac events than those who undergo elective surgery.
we review the current recommendations for preoperative cardiac assessment adapted for patients with hip fracture and describe our current triage system for preoperative cardiac consultation.
elderly patients have markedly less physiologic reserve than do younger patients , and comorbidity is common.
even with optimal care , the risk of mortality and morbidity remains high.
multidisciplinary care , including early orthogeriatric input , is recommended to anticipate and treat complications.
parkinson's disease , like many common age-related conditions , is now recognized to have a substantial genetic component.
these concepts can be used to understand disease processes and to develop therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of parkinson's disease.
however , habitual coffee intake has not been linked conclusively to long-term increases in basal bp , and findings are inconsistent by sex.
this study examined longitudinal relations of habitual coffee use to resting bp and pulse pressure.
analyses were stratified by sex ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) , and age and bmi were examined as possible effect modifiers.
a significant interaction of coffee intake and bmi ( nonlinear ) was also noted for sbp in men.
there were no significant relations of coffee intake to bp or pulse pressure in women.
background : this study looked at clinical and histological outcomes of patients treated with integra more than @number@ years earlier.
although previous studies have investigated the short-term clinical and histological results , there have been no studies to investigate longer-term changes.
methods : fourteen patients ( @number@ sites ) were assessed.
patients used a visual analogue scale to score characteristics of their scars.
objective evaluation of the reconstructions was carried out using the cutometer mpa580.
punch biopsy specimens of the sites were stained and labeled immunohistochemically with s100 , cd31 , and cd34 antisera.
results : the highest scoring category by patients was softness ( median , @number@ percent ) .
the lowest score was sweating , which all patients scored @number@
the median cutometer readings ranged from @number@ to @number@ percent of the control values.
histological examination showed three patterns of collagen arrangement ; parallel arrangement was found in over @number@ percent of specimens.
elastic fibers were identified in all specimens ; however , all were of abnormal morphology.
the majority of specimens showed evidence of nerve fiber regeneration although confined to the mid- or lower reticular dermis.
there was no regeneration of skin adnexa.
conclusions : this study showed significant improvements in patient-assessed mobility , softness , and appearance.
the typical wrinkled appearance of mature integra reconstruction cannot be said to be entirely due to a lack of elastic fibers.
endogenous heat shock proteins ( hsp ) are decreased in disease states associated with insulin resistance and aging.
induction of hsps has been shown to decrease oxidative stress , inhibit inflammatory pathways , and enhance metabolic characteristics in skeletal muscle.
as such , hsps have the potential to function as an important defense system against the development of insulin resistance and type @number@ diabetes.
purpose of review : investigation into the underlying mechanisms of salt sensitivity has made important advances in recent years.
this review examines in particular the effects of sodium and potassium on vascular function.
dietary potassium intake may serve as an important countervailing influence on the effects of salt in the vasculature.
these changes may protect against development of salt-sensitive hypertension.
while salt sensitivity cannot be ascribed exclusively to these factors , perturbation of these processes promotes hypertension during high-salt intake.
purpose of review : this review synthesizes recently published information regarding nutrition and its impact upon epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in longevity and aging.
recent findings : recent studies enriched considerably our understanding of the relationship between aging and gene-nutrient interactions that continuously shape our phenotype.
less is known about the epigenetic role that nutrients have in directly influencing longevity and aging.
summary : complex epigenetic mechanisms are involved in aging and longevity , directly or indirectly via disease mechanisms.
nutrition has a strong impact upon epigenetic processes and , therefore , holds promise in having important roles in regulating longevity and aging.
recent studies using functional imaging have identified the presence of bat activity throughout life.
this review focuses on the effect of age on bat function as well as bat as a potential therapeutic target against age-related metabolic diseases.
recent findings : the pet / computed tomography method likely underestimates the prevalence of bat because it measures only active bat.
apart from age , the presence of active bat is decreased in males and overweight.
the developmental origins of brown adipose depots as well as transcription factors involved in their differentiation have recently been described.
data suggest that bat may be recruited throughout life.
summary : new imaging techniques may provide more accurate estimations of bat mass in adults.
recent findings : consensus on the definition of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is proposed.
in rodents , exercise-induced muscle injury is a hallmark for sequential events leading to muscle fiber necrosis and sarcopenia.
exercise in humans , on the contrary , is the key event to countermeasure sarcopenia.
cautions to extrapolate observation in rodents to explain human conditions have been presented.
nevertheless , satellite cell activation upon exercise seems unequivocally together with adequate nutrition to be the most effective countermeasure for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.
altered cell division is associated with overproliferation and tumorigenesis , however , mitotic aberrations can also trigger antiproliferative responses leading to postmitotic cell cycle exit.
these findings have direct implications for proliferative tissue homeostasis as well as for cellular and organismal aging.
background and objectives : studies have demonstrated that some cutaneous biophysical properties vary with age , gender and body sites.
however , the characteristics of the skin friction coefficient in different genders and age groups have not yet been well established.
in the present study , we assess the skin friction coefficient in a larger chinese population.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects ( @number@ males and @number@ females ) aged @number@.15-79 years were enrolled.
skin friction coefficients on some body sites were higher in females than in age-matched males in some age groups.
helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogens affecting humankind , infecting approximately @percent@ of the world's population.
of those infected , many will develop asymptomatic gastritis , but @percent@ develop gastric or duodenal ulcers.
the clinical outcome of the infection may involve a combination of bacterial factors , host factors and environmental factors.
in the process of development of gastritis , ulceration and cancer , several cellular and molecular steps follow each other.
bacterial factors like urease , amie , amif , hydrogenase and arginase are needed for survival in the acidic gastric environment.
the bacterial flagellae are essential to move the bacteria towards the epithelial surface.
adhesive factors like baba , saba and ureasea are necessary for adhesion against mhc-ii complexes and le antigens.
the bacteria vaca and caga are cytotoxic factors.
the cag type iv secretion system delivers these proteins inside the epithelial cells.
this review describes and summarizes our present molecular biological information and knowledge about the helicobacter infective component , cell functions and processes.
the possible role of host counter responses and interactions with gastric epithelia and immune cells are also detailed.
background : the factors influencing total plasma homocysteine levels ( thcy ) are of special interest in the attempt to reduce cardiovascular risk.
aim : this investigation aimed to assess the independent effects of antioxidant vitamins on thcy in elderly people.
we examined the effects of plasma levels , intake and supplementation of vitamin c , vitamin e , and β-carotene on thcy.
results : the mean thcy was within the normal range in this population.
in a subsequent multiple regression analysis , egfr , serum folate , and plasma vitamin c were the relevant independent predictors of thcy.
δpv during exercise was twofold greater in lplo and nplo than in cnt.
these variables were not significantly different between lplo and nplo.
thus reduced convective heat loss during exercise at @number@ m was partially caused by reduced cutaneous vasodilation due to enhanced pv loss.
moreover , this may be caused by hypoxia rather than by hypobaria.
the phenomenon of cross-limb transfer , in which unilateral strength training can result in bilateral strength gains , has recently been tested for ballistic movements.
performance gains associated with repetitive motor practice , and the associated transfer , occur within a few minutes.
performance was assessed bilaterally before , during , and after this training.
in contrast , there were no significant performance gains in the left hand for the older group ( p = @number@ ) .
our findings suggest that older adults exhibit a reduced capacity for cross-limb transfer , which may have implications for motor rehabilitation programs after stroke.
to address this , we investigated the interaction of swim-training status and maturity on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to lower and upper body exercise.
these results challenge the notion that differences in training status in young people are only evident once a maturational threshold has been exceeded.
the ubiquitin-editing enzyme a20 / tnfaip3 is essential for controlling signals inducing the activation of nuclear factor-κb transcription factors.
however , loss of a20 in b cells lowers their activation threshold and enhances proliferation and survival in a gene-dose-dependent fashion.
this culminates in old mice in an autoimmune syndrome characterized by splenomegaly , plasma cell hyperplasia , and the presence of class-switched , tissue-specific autoantibodies.
purpose : nuclear oxidative dna damage increases with age in human corneal endothelial cells ( hcecs ) and contributes to their decreased proliferative capacity.
these studies investigated whether hcecs respond to this damage by upregulating their expression of oxidative stress and dna damage-signaling genes in an age-dependent manner.
methods : hcecs were dissected from the corneas of young ( @number@ years and younger ) and older ( @number@ years and older ) donors.
total rna was isolated and reverse-transcribed.
oxidative stress and dna damage-signaling gene expression were analyzed using commercial pcr-based microarrays.
western blot analyses were conducted on selected proteins to verify the microarray results.
nuclear dna damage foci were detected in the endothelium of ex vivo corneas by immunostaining for h2ax-ser139.
no age-related differences were detected in the expression of dna damage-signaling genes.
western blot analysis of seven dna damage-related proteins verified this finding.
intense nuclear staining of dna damage foci was observed in nuclei within the central endothelium of older donors.
central endothelium from young donors consistently showed a low level of positive staining.
an age-related effect was observed in static postural performance during dual-tasking.
postural stability led to improved performance in younger subjects during the dual-task and but not in the elderly.
to prevent cancer , mammals have evolved potent tumor suppression mechanisms , including senescence and apoptosis.
these processes depend on regulation of chromatin.
paradoxically , however , disruption of chromatin structure may also promote cancer.
apparent defects in chromatin structure accumulate with age , the biggest single risk factor for cancer.
evidence suggests that these age-associated perturbations in chromatin structure contribute to the age-associated increase in incidence of cancer.
thus , alterations in chromatin structure can both suppress and promote the onset of cancer , and both activities are inextricably linked to aging.
the geometry as well as bone mineral density ( bmd ) of the proximal femur contributes to fracture risk.
how and the extent to which they change due to natural aging is not fully understood.
in the femoral shaft , cortical bmd decreased significantly ( @number@ ± @number@.188% / year , p < @number@ ) .
key findings : patients showed slower reaction time to initiate a saccadic response compared to controls but had intact saccade accuracy.
cognitively driven responses including response inhibition were impaired in the patient group.
epilepsy type and medication status were not predictive of outcome.
more complex neuropsychological performance was impaired in tasks requiring visual memory and sequential processing , which was correlated with inhibitory control and antisaccade accuracy.
this particular profile of abnormalities may be associated with seizure-mediated compromises in brain maturation early in development.
objectives : to examine drinking trajectories followed by two cohorts of older women over @number@ to @number@ years of follow-up.
design : longitudinal analyses of two nationally representative cohorts using semiparametric group-based models weighted and adjusted for baseline age.
setting : study data were obtained from detailed interviews conducted in the home or by telephone.
measurements : both cohorts reported any recent drinking and average number of drinks per drinking day using similar but not identical questions.
hrs women completed six interviews ( one every other year ) from @number@ to @number@
nls women completed five interviews from @number@ to @number@
results : all trajectory models yielded similar results.
corresponding nls values from the drinks per day model were @percent@ , @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
in @number@ the average number of drinks per day for hrs women in the increasing drinker and consistent drinker trajectories was @number@ and @number@ respectively.
in @number@ these values for nls women were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
design : cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis using existing data sets of a national survey.
setting : a national survey.
mortality data were recorded from the israeli national population registry.
in cross-sectional analysis , homebound status was related to depressed affect even after controlling for demographics , health , and function.
aim : symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) are often unspecific , and the existence of a male climacteric has been much debated.
in this study , we investigate aging men's thoughts about , and beliefs , in a ' male climacteric'.
all men , 55- , 65- and 75-years old , living in linkoping , sweden ( n = 1885 ) received the questionnaire.
more than half believed that a ' male climacteric ' was related to decreased libido and less strong erections.
almost half of the men thought that decreased memory and / or dystymia and anxiousness were related to a male climacteric.
conclusions : the majority of men have heard of a male climacteric , but only a minority had consulted a practitioner about their symptoms.
the scope of such programs is quite vast.
they range from prevention , early detection and screening , comprehensive treatment both curative and palliative to comprehensive palliative care.
this in itself poses a great challenge.
in canada , health care is centrally administered , and controlled by the provincial governments of canada , under the canada health act.
the challenge of developing comprehensive programs for the geriatric population requires changes in the care models and care pathways.
this requires changes in the nursing and medical approach , as well as education in the subtleties of the two intersecting medical realities.
background : studies on the relationship between testosterone concentrations and blood pressure have yielded inconsistent results.
methods : data from the population-based study of health in pomerania , germany , were used.
serum tt concentrations , measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays , were categorised into age-specific quartiles.
generalised estimating equation ( gee ) models , adjusted for age , waist circumference , physical activity , smoking and alcohol consumption were specified.
results : during a median follow-up time of @number@ years , the prevalence of hypertension increased from @percent@ to @percent@.
tt concentrations were significantly lower in men with baseline and incident hypertension.
sensitivity analyses in a subpopulation of men without antihypertensive medication confirmed these findings.
conclusion : these results show that low male tt concentrations are predictive of hypertension , suggesting tt as a potential biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk.
methods : our study included @number@ patients with bph , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of whom had mets.
blood pressures , waist circumferences , serum levels of fasting blood glucose , high density lipoprotein and triglyceride of patients were recorded.
erectile functions of the patients were evaluated by international index of erectile function ( iief ) .
patients were divided into two groups according to iief scores , namely ' mild / no ed ' and ' moderate / severe ed'.
iief scores of ed groups were between @number@ and @number@ and 6-16 in turn.
results : there was a significant difference between ed groups concerning mets presence ( p = 0.032 ) .
mets presence was not found to be associated with the severity of luts ( p = 0.144 ) .
there was no correlation between ed groups regarding luts severity ( p = 0.303 ) .
conclusion : results of the present study showed a correlation between mets presence and ed.
in the light of our results , mets seems to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of ed in patients with bph.
telomere attrition is a natural process that occurs due to inadequate telomere maintenance.
once at a critically short threshold , telomeres signal growth arrest , leading to senescence.
telomeres can be elongated by the enzyme telomerase , which adds de novo telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes.
poor proliferation of dc cells can be partially overcome by reducing o ( @number@ ) tension from @percent@ to @percent@.
previous literature supports an association between an increase in the rate of adverse events as the number of drugs taken by a patient increases.
the cohort comprised @number@ elderly subjects who had at least one prescription filled during the study year.
the prevalence of polypharmacy was measured together with subject characteristics found to be predictive of polypharmacy exposure.
the prevalence of polypharmacy substantially increased with age and with a higher number of chronic conditions.
over @percent@ of those exposed to polypharmacy were exposed for @number@ or more days of the year.
the top three classes of medications involved in polypharmacy were antithrombotics , peptic ulcer disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease agents , and ace inhibitors.
the odds of exposure to polypharmacy were higher for older subjects , males and subjects living in urban areas.
conclusions : this study provides evidence that the prevalence of polypharmacy in the elderly in emilia-romagna is substantial.
educational programmes should be developed to inform clinicians about the magnitude of the polypharmacy phenomenon and the patient characteristics associated with polypharmacy.
raising physicians ' awareness of polypharmacy may help to ensure safe , effective and appropriate use of medication in the elderly.
background : medication-related problems are common in the growing population of older adults and inappropriate prescribing is a preventable risk factor.
explicit criteria such as the beers criteria provide a valid instrument for describing the rate of inappropriate medication ( im ) prescriptions among older adults.
objective : to reduce im prescriptions based on explicit beers criteria using a nurse-led intervention in a nursing-home ( nh ) setting.
setting : 204-bed inpatient nh in bern , switzerland.
participants : nh residents aged ≥60 years.
main outcome measure : im prescription at study start , after the 4-month intervention period and at 1-year follow-up.
results : the mean ± sd resident age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
residents were prescribed a mean ± sd @number@ ± @number@ medications.
these results underscore the importance of involving nursing staff in the medication prescription process in a long-term care setting.
background : medications with anticholinergic properties are frequently used in the elderly population.
objective : to examine the utilization of anticholinergic medications and factors associated with anticholinergic medication use in elderly nursing home patients with dementia.
descriptive analysis was conducted using sampling weights to determine the prevalence of anticholinergic medication use.
conclusions : over one in five elderly nursing home residents with dementia used medications with marked anticholinergic activities.
this systematic review critically evaluates the evidence for the effectiveness or efficacy of botanical treatments in reducing skin aging and wrinkling.
medline , embase , cinahl® , central and amed databases were searched from their inception until @date@ .
reference lists of retrieved articles were hand-searched.
manufacturers and professional associations were contacted in order to identify further non-published studies.
no language restrictions were applied.
only randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of botanical extracts in reducing wrinkling and aging of the skin were included.
of @number@ potentially relevant studies , @number@ trials of botanical extracts for reducing skin wrinkling and the appearance of aging met all the inclusion criteria.
no trials were identified following contact with anti-aging and cosmetic organizations , companies and professional bodies.
a significant reduction in skin wrinkling was noted for date kernel extract , cork extract , soy extract , rosaceae and peony extract.
all trials were of poor methodological quality.
adverse effects were frequently not reported.
independent replications with larger , more diverse samples , longer treatment durations and more rigorous study designs are required to validate these preliminary findings.
a perceived lack of evidence for benefit and safety concerns may lead to underprescription of hmg-coa reductase inhibitors ( statins ) in older adults.
given the high rate of recurrent cardiovascular events in older adults , there is substantial potential for statin treatment to provide benefits in this population.
background : lipoprotein ( a ) ( lp ( a ) ) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
there is as yet controversy on serum lp ( a ) concentrations in the elderly population.
conversely , no significant differences could be observed between women aged < @number@ yrs and the elderly patients.
in both genders , elderly patients had significantly higher lp ( a ) median concentrations.
accordingly , elevated serum lp ( a ) concentrations may be compatible with longevity.
mutations in presenilin @number@ gene ( ps1 ) account for the majority of early-onset familial alzheimer's disease ( fad ) cases.
the disease is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid fibrils composed of amyloid beta peptides ( abeta ) .
two successive cleavages are necessary to free the abeta peptide from the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
gamma-secretase catalyzes the final cleavage of app to generate abeta peptides.
ps1 is a catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase and is also involved in the cleavage of many membrane proteins.
ps1 also has functional interactions with many other proteins.
the use of animal models of ad has initiated the deciphering of these molecular pathways and mechanisms.
when expressed alone , mutations in human ps1 do not induce any detectable lesions , although they do increase abeta peptides.
this absence has led to the criticism that ps1 mouse models are not valuable for the study of ad.
the secondary objective was to identify factors influencing the therapeutic efficiency of these methods.
the study included @number@ women aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
all the patients were examined prior to the onset and in the end ( after one month ) of the corrective treatment.
facial skin conditions were assessed using a skin xp pro system and skin microcirculation by laser doppler flowmetry ( ldf ) .
the psychological status of the patients was evaluated with the help of the well-being-activity-mood test.
after the primary examination , the participants of the study were randomly divided into two groups.
dynamics of these parameters and overall effect of correction were shown to correlate with the severity of skin changes before the treatment.
age-related changes in the facial skin were especially well-apparent in women with the lowered activity level and impaired mood.
characteristics of mood in the course of therapeutic correction correlated with dynamics of skin smoothness and elasticity.
slowing of movement with aging is inevitable.
the mechanisms responsible for this deterioration , however , remain poorly understood.
purpose of review : to provide an objective and comprehensive review of the recent literature addressing the effects of sex on protein metabolism.
we also evaluate whether these differences can be attributed to physiology or methodology.
recent findings : throughout most points of life , men and women of similar health status and bmi display fairly similar protein turnover rates.
in periods of significant changes in the hormonal milieu ( puberty and menopause ) , sex differences may become more evident.
finally , anabolic stimuli such as feeding and exercise may help highlight any discrepancies in protein turnover between men and women.
however , methodological issues and sample size must be considered when designing and evaluating these studies.
rationale : the turnover of cardiomyocytes in the aging female and male heart is currently unknown , emphasizing the need to define human myocardial biology.
objective : the effects of age and gender on the magnitude of myocyte regeneration and the origin of newly formed cardiomyocytes were determined.
at all ages , the female heart is equipped with a larger pool of functionally competent hcscs and younger myocytes than the male myocardium.
the replicative potential is higher and telomeres are longer in female hcscs than in male hcscs.
from @number@ to @number@ years of age , the myocyte compartment is replaced @number@ times in women and @number@ times in men.
conclusions : the human heart is a highly dynamic organ regulated by a pool of resident hcscs that modulate cardiac homeostasis and condition organ aging.
results : most of the sample ( @percent@ ) described themselves as drivers who drove daily or weekly.
women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear about driving than men , but there were no age differences.
duration of driving anxiety was highly variable , from relatively recent onset to being present for much of some participants ' lifetimes.
conclusion : driving anxiety and fear may be a significant problem for some young older adults that is likely to affect their independence and mobility.
this article reviews most common types of thyroid cancer focusing on older males worldwide.
thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy.
it includes tumour types that range from localised papillary carcinomas to lethal anaplastic disease.
among elderly population , male gender seems to be highly correlated with the risk and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer.
early diagnosis and urgent aggressive treatment are important for aging patients.
this article includes numerous studies which evaluate prevalence , morbidity and mortality of thyroid cancer in older males.
background : osteoporosis is a significant health problem , especially for older women.
prescription osteoporosis medication can reduce fractures , but many women do not accept treatment or discontinue treatment before benefits are achieved.
objectives : to explore older women's views about prescription osteoporosis medication use in depth and to identify specific beliefs and experiences that influence these views.
methods : we conducted in-depth telephone interviews with women aged ≥65 years with clinically confirmed osteoporosis.
interviewees were asked about their beliefs and experiences related to osteoporosis and osteoporosis treatment.
interviews were recorded and transcribed ; key themes were identified using qualitative analysis.
results : perceived need , medication effectiveness and medication safety were identified as critical influences on women's views about prescription osteoporosis medication.
physicians should check with their patients to confirm understanding and address concerns , as older women may not always voice their reservations and concerns.
several sets of explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) have been developed by expert consensus.
the purpose of this review is to summarize and compare existing criteria to enable more informed choices about their use.
common medications listed in the majority of these criteria are also summarized.
pims listed regardless of co-morbidities in all seven criteria sets were long-acting benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants.
pims regardless of co-morbidities were most similar among the beers , rancourt and winit-watjana criteria.
several drug-disease interactions such as benzodiazepines and falls were cited in most criteria.
with respect to drug-drug interactions , most criteria agreed that concomitant use of warfarin and nsaids should be avoided.
the associations between pims use and health outcomes were largely inconclusive because of limited data.
incorporation of these criteria into computer-assisted order entry systems would increase their utilization in daily practice.
the present study included @number@ healthy men having different habitual patterns of daily locomotor activity.
they were allocated to @number@ groups encompassing subjects of different age.
all the participants of the study were examined using an amsat-covert automated diagnostic system designed for rapid topical evaluation of the human functional state.
fat transfer for the aging face is an increasingly popular method for facial rejuvenation.
this article reviews these limitations and also describes techniques for performing fat transfer to attain safe and long-term aesthetic results in varied clinical settings.
the mechanisms regulating neutrophil apoptosis are basically unaffected by the aging process.
methods : information was collected from @number@ patients who underwent liver biopsy.
the diagnostic value of predictors was judged using multivariate logistic modeling and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ( roc area ) .
in the derivation set , age and aspartate aminotransferase ( ast ) were independent clinical predictors of advanced fibrosis.
without missing a single case , this model identified @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) without advanced fibrosis in the validation set.
conclusions : a substantial proportion of patients with high viral load and alt < @number@ × unl have advanced fibrosis.
methods : sixteen healthy subjects , @number@ to @number@ years of age , participated in this double-blind , balanced , cross-over study.
the next morning , at @number@ am , the subjects had to drive in a simulated monotonous driving environment for @number@ h.
during each morning session , two blood samples were collected , and subjective feelings of alertness were completed three times.
detectable blood concentrations were found with zp in @number@ subjects at @number@ am and at @number@ pm.
the subjective alertness factor was significantly impaired with zp.
conclusions : this is the first study revealing residual effects of zp on driving performance in ageing drivers which are similar to that of zc.
studying the effects of medication in different age ranges appears useful to complete the studies on effects of medication.
this is the first report describing a link between routine clinical laboratory data and genomic aging.
design : cross-sectional population-based study.
setting : chronic disease ward of kyushu university hospital at beppu in japan.
participants : inpatients with brain infarction and metabolic disorders.
any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomeric parameters were assessed.
conclusion : our results suggested that the hyperglycemia and renal function of patients with metabolic disorders correlated positively with the aging-associated telomeric changes.
background : the aim of the study was to determine which risk factors were associated with the recurrence of falls among community-dwelling older adults.
methods : based on a cross-sectional design , @number@ community-dwelling volunteers aged @number@ and older were recruited.
subjects were separated into @number@ groups based on the number of falls : @number@ @number@ @number@ and ≥ @number@ falls.
conclusion.
objective : anthropometric indices to obesity were evaluated as predictors of metabolic syndrome risk factors.
our purpose was to explore an optimal or more reliable anthropometric indicator and optimal cut-off points for obesity on metabolic syndrome in chinese adults.
participants and methods : the survey was conducted involving @number@ participants , aged @number@ or above with cross-sectional study of population.
kappa value showed diagnostic consistency.
objective : to develop a foodservice satisfaction instrument for residential aged care and geriatric / rehabilitation units.
the quality of care and food provided for clients in long-term care facilities is critical for the prevention of malnutrition.
design : cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews.
setting : nine residential aged care facilities and two geriatric / rehabilitation units in southeast queensland , australia.
participants : a total of @number@ geriatric / rehabilitation patients and @number@ aged care residents.
the median age was @number@ years , with @number@ % females.
sixty-one items on foodservice attributes , an overall satisfaction question , and demographic / contextual information were tested.
this represented around @percent@ of the variance in foodservice satisfaction.
when a further @number@ foodservice items were retained due to practical importance , the analysis explained around @percent@ of the variance in foodservice satisfaction.
objective : functional abilities are severely impacted in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
design : data were pooled from six multicenter , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , 6-month studies of memantine @number@ mg / day.
participants : male and female patients aged ≥ @number@ years at baseline with a mini mental state examination ( mmse ) score < @number@
basic adls ( badls ) were defined as : eating , walking , toileting , bathing , and grooming.
results : @number@ patients were treated with memantine and @number@ patients received placebo.
memantine-treated patients had less decline from baseline on the adl14 total score , compared with placebo ( p < @number@ ) at study end.
objective : we investigated the effects of six months vitamin e administration on cognition evaluated by event-related potentials in exercising older subjects.
design : randomised controlled trial.
setting : retirement home in antalya , turkey.
intervention : v and ev groups were received vitamin e at a dose of @number@ iu / day p.o. for @number@ months.
trained groups were subjected to walking exercise involved @number@ sessions per week for @number@ months.
walking duration was gradually increased during @number@ weeks , and stayed constant until the end of training period.
results : significant improvement in p3 latency was found in exercising groups.
however , no significant differences were found between vitamin and other groups for p3 latency.
amplitude measurements were found unaltered among all groups.
objectives : senescence of the immune system and of endothelial cells can contribute to age-dependent vascular and neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease.
the second group was formed by @number@ healthy , self-dependent inhabitants of nursing homes , @number@ females and @number@ males , average age @number@ years.
measurement : serum levels of tgf beta and soluble endoglin were measured by the elisa method in samples of peripheral blood using commercial kits.
compared to healthy seniors , the serum level of tgfβ was significantly decreased in alzheimer's disease patients ( p < @number@ ) .
the serum level of endoglin was significantly higher ( p < @number@ ) in senescent healthy persons compared to the younger control group.
when compared with healthy seniors , patients with alzheimer's disease had significantly elevated ( p < @number@ ) serum level of endoglin.
conclusions : decreased levels of tgf β in alzheimer's disease may result in impairment of cerebral circulation reflected in the increased endoglin levels.
these findings may indicate involvement of the immune system in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
objective : aging is associated with cognitive changing.
central auditory processing dysfunction may explain some understanding difficulties in elderly.
it may be evaluated with the dichotic listening ( dl ) test , a widely-used experimental paradigm for studying inter-hemispheric interactions and attentional processes.
this study examines central auditory language processing with a dichotic listening task in right-handed old subjects according to their age.
design : cross sectional-study.
setting : memory clinic and geriatric unit.
in addition , we used neuropsychological tests to study executive functions and cognitive control , sustained by the prefrontal cortex.
in the old-ad group , the correlation between the re score in fl and tmt b-a / a suggests an impairment in mental flexibility.
conclusion : dl may be helpful to study central auditory dysfunction in aging.
our results suggest difficulties in attentional control and executive functions.
more studies are needed to investigate the predictive value of dl as a marker of cognitive decline , particularly executive functions.
study design : cross-sectional study.
setting : research centre in physical activity , health and leisure , faculty of sport , university of porto.
participants : @number@ older adults , aged 60-92 years.
measurements : skinfold thickness was used to estimate bd through visser et al. prediction equation.
the comparison of the %bf-siri and %bf-brozek mean values also revealed significant differences ( p < @number@ ) .
the bland and altman plots confirmed that %bf-brozek reflects a better agreement with %bf-dxa.
background : the oldest old ( 85 + ) are the fastest growing population segment in new zealand.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the main cause of death and is associated with various risk factors including risk of undernutrition.
objectives : to determine if there is an association between cvd and nutrition risk in advanced age.
setting : three north island locations ( rural and urban areas ) in new zealand.
participants : @number@ participants aged @number@ years ( 75-79 for maori ) .
measurements : comprehensive health assessments were undertaken.
clinically manifest cvd was pre-defined and ascertained from interviews and hospitalisation records.
results : @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) had cvd ( @percent@ men ) ; @percent@ of participants had a screen ii score < @number@
using logistic regression controlling for confounders , screen ii scores trended towards an inverse association with cvd ( p = 0.10 ) .
conclusion : two thirds of the study participants had cvd and half were at risk of undernutrition.
nutrition risk was mildly associated with cvd.
this study provides further evidence that those in advanced age are at risk of undernutrition.
further research is needed to establish how the causes and consequences of cvd are related to nutrition risk.
a pre-designed schedule was used to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics and type of activities performed by them.
objective : as women age total dietary intake falls which may increase the risk of dietary deficiencies in some individuals.
design : longitudinal population based study on health with ageing.
participants and setting : @number@ free-living elderly women aged 70-85 years at baseline from a cohort of @number@ elderly women.
measurements : at baseline , @number@ and @number@ months , self-reported food frequency questionnaires ( ffq ) and demographics were collected and anthropometry measured.
results : during the @number@ month subjects lost height ( @number@ cm ) and body weight ( @number@ kg ) .
intakes of energy and macronutrients carbohydrate , fat and protein declined significantly over the @number@ months.
mean energy derived from saturated fat was above , whereas energy derived from carbohydrate was below , recommended levels of intake at all time points.
intakes of vitamins and minerals all declined with age and subjects had suboptimal intakes of folate , vitamin e and calcium at all time points.
conclusions : ageing is associated with reduced food intake resulting in inadequate intakes in energy , and some nutrients.
background : many inducible transcription factors are regulated through batteries of posttranslational modifications that couple their activity to inducing stimuli.
in this protocol we describe a method to obtain telomere length parameters using southern blots of terminal restriction fragments ( trfs ) .
we use this approach primarily for epidemiological studies that examine leukocyte telomere length.
however , the method can be adapted for telomere length measurements in other cells whose telomere lengths are within its detection boundaries.
a skilled technician can measure trf length in ∼130 samples per week.
background : elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) have more aging-related complications than nonelderly patients with ra.
objectives : the objective of the study was to investigate the treatment status of elderly patients with ra.
methods : between january and @date@ , @number@ patients with ra were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study.
the laboratory data suggested that the disease status was uncontrolled to a greater extent , and complications were more common in the elderly group.
the use of a less aggressive regimen could be attributed to the higher prevalence of complications and problems.
therefore , the elderly with ra should be considered a different patient population from the viewpoint of treatment and be administered specialized medical care.
background and aims : many studies have reported a greater frequency of falls among older women than men in conditions which stress balance.
methods : ten healthy women ( @number@ ± @number@ yrs ; @number@ ± @number@ bmi ) participated in a five-week physical activity program.
postural stability was assessed before and after training with an optoelectronic platform and a uni-pedal balance performance test.
body composition of the trunk , upper limbs and lower limbs was measured by bio-impedance analysis.
instead , in monopodalic conditions , we found a significant reduction in the esa of both feet with eo and ec.
recently , genetic analyses using various animal models have identified molecules that are crucial for aging.
this review examines the hypothesis that cellular senescence might contribute to lifestyle-related disease.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , the cerebral pathological changes begin many years before the clinical manifestation of the disease.
accordingly , cognitively healthy subjects at risk for ad often have altered csf concentrations of aβ1-42 and ptau181.
for comparison , we further included @number@ patients with probable ad.
carrying the apoeε4 allele was associated with a significant decrease of the aβ1-42 concentrations in middle-aged and older participants.
in the group of participants with ad , the aβ1-42 levels were significantly lower in the apoeε4 carriers compared to the non-carriers.
these findings demonstrate significant age effects on the csf aβ1-42 and ptau181 across lifespan.
studies in mammals have led to the suggestion that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging.
it is possible that the life-prolonging effect of caloric restriction is due to decreasing igf-1 levels.
evidence has emerged that antidiabetic drugs are promising candidates for both life span extension and prevention of cancer.
thus , antidiabetic drugs postpone spontaneous carcinogenesis in mice and rats , as well as chemical and radiation carcinogenesis in mice , rats and hamsters.
furthermore metformin seems to decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients.
tissue and organ rejuvenation and senescence / aging are closely related to the function of stem cells.
cardiac failure is the most prevalent cause of death at higher age , and is commonly associated with impaired energy homeostasis in the heart.
mitochondrial metabolism appears critical to sustain cardiac function to counteract aging.
hearts of transgenic mice displayed increased mitochondrial energy metabolism and induced stress defense mechanisms , while overall oxidative stress was decreased.
following standardized exposure to doxorubicin to induce experimental cardiomyopathy , cardiac function and survival was significantly improved in the transgenic mice.
activation of this cascade is markedly inhibited in the hearts of wild-type mice following induction of cardiomyopathy.
this in turn activates protective mechanisms which counteract cardiotoxic stress and promote survival in states of experimental cardiomyopathy.
thus , induction of mitochondrial metabolism may be considered part of a generally protective mechanism to prevent cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure.
objective : substance abuse among older adults is a looming public health concern.
using the related-articles link , additional articles were screened for inclusion.
this review included articles published between @number@ and @number@
alcohol , opioids / heroin , and cocaine were more likely than other substances to be associated with treatment use.
limited research data suggested the effectiveness of treatments , especially for women.
furthermore , older adults appeared to be less likely than younger adults to perceive substance use as problematic or to use treatment services.
discussion : there is robust evidence showing that an increased number of older adults will need substance abuse care in the coming decades.
objective : this study examined unmet needs for home- and community-based services ( hcbs ) among frail older americans.
results : lack of awareness , reluctance , unavailability , and affordability of services were the main reasons for unmet needs for hcbs.
discussion : it is important to identify risk factors that may lead to older adults ' unmet needs for hcbs.
luteinizing hormone ( lh ) administered in pharmacological amounts downregulates leydig cell steroidogenesis.
whether reversible downregulation of physiological gonadotropin drive operates in vivo is unknown.
most of the analytical models of dose-response functions that have been constructed are biased by the assumption that no downregulation exists.
each of the three hysteresis models yielded a marked ( p < @number@ ) reduction in estimated model residual error compared with no hysteresis.
prospective studies would be required to prove this aging effect.
diagnostic accuracy of the phq-9 and gds-15 compared to the scid was evaluated.
multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement.
the phq-9 and scid show more agreement on items unrelated to pd manifestations.
pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the scid and phq-9.
on future depression screening or diagnostic instruments , consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with pd manifestations.
after surgery , the subjects were divided on the basis of delirium onset within a week observation period.
delirium was diagnosed by the confusion assessment method.
delirium started the first post-operative day ( 2f ; @number@ m ) and lasted @number@ ± @number@ days.
interestingly , a significantly greater number of hypotensive events were recorded during anesthesia.
age , cognitive and functional status , previous history of delirium and hypotensive episodes intrasurgery are the best predictor of pod in this setting.
our findings have implications in preventing delirium in elderly by an early and targeted evaluation.
gastrointestinal ( gi ) and bladder diagnoses were included up to @number@ months after diagnosis.
cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of any late gi or bladder diagnosis with or without hospitalization , due to radiation.
most toxicities were not severe.
only @percent@ of irradiated women with a lower gi diagnosis and less than @percent@ of irradiated women with a bladder diagnosis , required hospitalization.
conclusions : late gi toxicities are more common than previously reported.
it is important to analyze late toxicities in population based samples of women with uterine cancer.
background : population aging increases the number of glaucoma patients which leads to higher workloads of glaucoma specialists.
because quality of care turned out to be similar , we focus here on the costs.
methods : stable glaucoma patients were randomized between the gfu and the glaucoma specialist group.
patients ' time and travel costs were similar.
bootstrap- , sensitivity- and scenario-analyses showed that the costs were robust when varying hospital policy and the duration of visits and tests.
conclusion : we conclude that this gfu is cost-effective and deserves to be considered for implementation in other hospitals.
the essential role of peroxisomes in fatty acid oxidation , anaplerotic metabolism , and hydrogen peroxide turnover is well established.
recent findings suggest that these and other related biochemical processes governed by the organelle may also play a critical role in regulating cellular aging.
we have been invited to imagine a future where the care for older people goes beyond the current paradigm.
background : there is increasing emphasis in policy , research and practice on the importance of caring in health care.
indeed there is much debate about how to enhance the caring cultures within which health care is provided.
methods : appreciative action research informed the development and evaluation of the project.
a range of data generation activities were used to examine what worked well.
following detailed analysis key processes emerged as being central to delivery of compassionate care.
specific action projects were implemented and evaluated to enhance these processes necessary for compassionate caring.
findings : data from the project helped to articulate the special and often hidden acts that make up compassionate care.
in addition data about the process of doing appreciative action research helped to realise its application and relevance in the health care setting.
conclusions : findings from this work suggest that there are a number of significant processes that help people to deliver compassionate care.
these need to be articulated , shared more widely across practice , policy and education so that we can build on this excellent practice.
academics , policy makers and practitioners should consider the approach of appreciative action research as key to supporting developments in care.
this paper describes the results of a literature search which sought papers specifically on appreciative inquiry ( ai ) and older people.
this lack of publication belies the observation that research with older people could benefit from the positive approach entailed in an ai approach.
aim : to review the literature on factors influencing patient participation in care with a particular focus on the perspective of older people.
relevance to practice : quality care and the most productive use of resources are dependent on the public's engagement with health service providers.
however , despite being central to contemporary nursing practice , this review suggests that the reality is not matched by the rhetoric.
background : the discharge process has well-known deficiencies and is therefore a challenging issue requiring improvement in many countries.
research focusing on patient-centred factors has attracted very little critical attention.
design : grounded theory was used to analyze semi-structured interviews with @number@ older persons and their relatives.
we performed this study to assess our ipl-ala-pdt protocol for photorejuvenation in asian skin.
three treatments were delivered at 4-week intervals with follow-up visits.
despite this finding , @percent@ of the patients felt that the ipl-ala-pdt-treated side of the face showed greater improvement than the ipl-treated side.
however , all ipl-ala-pdt-treated sides showed adverse effects such as erythema and pain.
therefore , we conclude that the ipl-ala-pdt protocol requires optimization for photorejuvenation in asians.
childhood iq and adult morbidity and mortality are known to be linked even beyond socioeconomic variables.
yet , their interrelations are insufficiently understood.
it implies a specific cognitive ability concerning the perception , interpretation , and self-regulation of bodily sensations.
in this model , somatic signals are considered to reflect both intra-individual processes and individual-environment interactions.
based on this hypothesis the influence of intelligence on cognitive efforts to self-regulate somatic phenomena is amenable to systematic testing.
method : participants consisted of @number@ adults aged ≥ @number@ yr from the nhanes study.
reduced rank regression was used to identify patterns of muscle mass , muscle strength , muscle quality , and fat mass related to physical function.
results : a single relevant pattern emerged that included leg strength and fat mass as predictors of the @number@ physical function variables.
the leg strength loading was significantly greater than the fat mass loading in men and women aged 55-64 and ≥ @number@ and differed between sexes.
conclusion : leg strength and fat mass best predict physical function in older adults and the relative importance varies according to age and sex.
aging appeared to provoke a defective erythrocyte antioxidant defense associated with increased oxidative damage in the elderly population.
acute hypoxia activated an insufficient antioxidant defense response as suggested by the oxidative damage observed.
the oxidative imbalance presented in older participants and increased in hypoxia participants had a direct effect on dehydrogenase cell distribution.
oxidative stress levels altered band @number@ protein and mediated caspase-3 activation in erythrocyte from the aged group although it was not extended to hypoxic individuals.
therefore , aged participants appeared to activate an insufficient antioxidant response against hypoxia-related oxidative stress.
the artificial iris is the structure responsible for the dissimulation and aesthetics of ocular prosthesis.
paints where dried either at natural or at infrared light bulb method.
each specimen was constituted of one disc in colorless acrylic resin and another colored with a basic sclera pigment.
painting was performed in one surface of one of the discs.
the specimens were submitted to an artificial aging chamber under ultraviolet light , during @number@ h.
a reflective spectrophotometer was used to evaluate color changes.
data were evaluated by 3-way repeated-measures anova and the tukey hsd test ( α = @number@ ) .
all paints suffered color alteration.
the oil paint presented the highest color resistance to artificial aging regardless of drying method.
cox is presented in two isoforms , cox-1 and cox-2 , with the former regarded as constitutive and the latter mainly expressed upon induction.
further review of cox inhibitors is required , especially toward the selectivity of coxibs and whether it directly inhibits prostacyclin synthase activity.
meanwhile , tp receptor antagonism may emerge as a therapeutic alternative to reverse prostanoid-mediated vascular dysregulations.
in @number@ dr yanagisawa's group identified endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) as the first endothelium-derived contracting factor.
the aging process is characterized by gradual changes to an organism's macromolecules , which negatively impacts biological processes.
the complex macromolecular structure of chromatin regulates all nuclear processes requiring access to the dna sequence.
as such , maintenance of chromatin structure is an integral component to deter premature aging.
in this review , we describe current research that links aging to chromatin structure.
histone modifications influence chromatin compaction and gene expression and undergo many changes during aging.
histone protein levels also decline during aging , dramatically affecting chromatin structure.
background : stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in south africa.
objective.
recommendations : ideally , all patients with acute stroke should be managed in a dedicated stroke unit.
there is ample evidence that protocol-driven multidisciplinary stroke unit care within a hospital improves recovery from stroke.
treatment in a stroke unit has been shown to reduce mortality as well as reduce the likelihood of dependency after stroke.
primary preventive measures reduce stroke incidence and should be universally available and actively promoted at all levels of health care in south africa.
successful care of a stroke patient begins with recognition by the public and health professionals that stroke should be considered an emergency.
avoiding delay should be the major aim of the prehospital phase of acute stroke care.
acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack ( tia ) should be treated as a medical emergency and evaluated with minimum delay.
general supportive treatment is emphasised and is directed at maintaining homeostasis and the treatment of complications.
awareness and treatment of the neurological and systemic complications of acute stroke are an integral part of management.
patients with suspected tia and minor stroke with early spontaneous recovery should be evaluated as soon as possible after an event.
brain imaging is recommended , and non-invasive imaging of the cervicocephalic vessels should be performed urgently and routinely as part of the evaluation.
survivors of a tia or stroke have an increased risk of another stroke , which is a major source of increased mortality and morbidity.
secondary prevention strategies are aimed at reducing this risk.
average telomere length was measured by quantitative pcr.
the negative association of bmi with telomere length was stronger among younger than older participants ( p for interaction , @number@ ) .
longitudinal studies are required to establish the causal association of early life adiposity with biological aging.
this study is to update the normative data of pubertal linear growth characteristics and distribution of age at menarche in healthy chinese adolescents.
the pb1 mathematical growth model was utilized to derive biological parameters of the adolescent growth curves.
results : the peak growth age ( pga ) was @number@ years for boys and @number@ years for girls.
the phv was @number@ cm / yr in boys and @number@ cm / yr in girls.
conclusions : the current study showed an advancing trend in pga in both chinese boys and girls.
decreasing menarche age was also observed for chinese girls.
these updated data would serve as useful reference for interpretation of endocrine and growth status and growth disorders in chinese during peripubertal period.
obesity and type @number@ diabetes have become the major health problems in many industrialized countries.
to experimentally determine how the competent brain-pull functions to demand for cerebral energy , healthy young men undergoing psychosocial stress were studied.
objective : metacarpal juxtaarticular bone is altered in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
however , a detailed analysis of disease-related geometric adaptations of the metacarpal shaft is missing.
results : forearm muscle csa was associated with cortical and total metacarpal csa and polar ssi.
ra group status was associated with all bone parameters except cortical csa.
conclusion : bone geometry of the metacarpal shaft is altered in ra patients compared to healthy controls.
these adaptations correspond to an enhanced aging pattern in ra patients.
the widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging postulates that aging results from accumulation of oxidative damage.
although widely accepted , there is a growing number of exceptions to this theory , most contingently related to genetic model organism investigations.
proteins are one of the prime targets for oxidative damage and cysteine residues are particularly sensitive to reversible and irreversible oxidation.
the toxic effects that stem from the misassembly or aggregation of proteins or peptides , in any cell type , are collectively termed proteotoxicity.
a critical key to successful medical intervention is getting the dose right.
the nature of the dose response in and adjacent to the therapeutic zones , over the past decade has received considerable advances.
density functional calculations ( b3lyp / 6-311 + + g ) support the radical-scavenging abilities of the oak phenolics.
sinapaldehyde , syringaldehyde , syringol , and syringylacetone all have bond dissociation energies that are lower than resveratrol and comparable to the flavonoid catechin.
molecular docking studies of the oak phenolics with known resveratrol protein targets also show that these compounds dock favorably to the protein targets.
one disease intimately associated with pmso formation and loss of msra activity is age-related human cataract.
msra is required for lens cell maintenance , defense against oxidative stress damage , mitochondrial function and prevention of lens cataract formation.
essential for msra action in the lens and other tissues is the availability of a reducing system sufficient to catalytically regenerate active msra.
to date , the lens reducing system ( s ) required for msra activity has not been defined.
they also suggest that msra uses multiple reducing systems for its repair activity that may augment its function under different cellular conditions.
the molecular mechanisms underlying rod photoreceptor vulnerability and potential biomarkers of the aging process in this highly specialized cell type are unknown.
quantitative rt-pcr experiments validated expression change for a majority of the @number@ genes that were examined.
selection of t cells does not end with events in the thymus , but continues in extrathymic tissues and for the life of the organism.
unlabelled : this study evaluated the reference range and reproducibility of the gastric emptying study with oatmeal as a function of age and sex.
one-minute digital images acquired every @number@ min for @number@ min were used to calculate a simple half-time of emptying.
a significant inverse correlation was found between increasing age and decreasing half-time of emptying in men and women ( p < @number@ ) .
half-times of emptying tended to be longer for women than for men ( not statistically significant ) .
conclusion : the reference range for half-time of gastric emptying with instant oatmeal decreases with increasing age in both men and women.
test-retest variation is relatively large and tends to decrease with increasing age in both men and women.
data from either the lao projection or the anterior-posterior geometric mean are acceptable for calculating the half-time of gastric emptying.
improvements in the quality and implementation of medical care for individuals with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) have resulted in a dramatic improvement in survival.
many of these strategies have focused on the effective management of pulmonary disease which has delayed its manifestations into later years.
this review highlights the changing epidemiology of the ageing cf population and the complications that may ensue.
methods : the study investigated fecal continence assessment among women who gave birth to their first child @number@ @number@ or @number@ years previously.
women who had undergone forceps delivery in the selected years were matched with women who had svd in the same year.
two additional cohorts ( @number@ premenopausal , @number@ postmenopausal ) , who had only ever delivered by pre-labor cesarean , were identified for comparison.
results : of the @number@ women who participated , @number@ had undergone forceps delivery , @number@ svd , and @number@ cesarean delivery only.
the mode of vaginal delivery had no significant effect on continence scores or manometry pressures.
conclusion : mode of delivery and aging affect pelvic floor function.
women who deliver via cesarean are not immune to age-related deterioration of anal sphincter function.
protein oxidation was increased in hphs-1 and @number@ cells exposed to da or l-dopa and further increased by aa addition.
as a marker of cellular death , cell-free dna ( cf-dna ) has a utility in diagnosis and prognosis of various disorders.
since aging accompanies increased cellular senescence and death , we aimed to characterize potential age-related alterations in cf-dna.
some of the nonagenarians ( n = 8 ) were also recruited for follow-up after one year. cf-dna was extracted using two different methods.
total cf-dna was quantified directly in plasma and the amplifiable cf-dna was assessed using quantitative pcr.
quality of cf-dna was analysed with a dna chip assay.
for all the quantification methods , the concentration of cf-dna was significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) in nonagenarians as compared to controls.
in nonagenarians , the quality of cf-dna appeared similar in the original and follow-up samples.
we propose that some , as yet uncharacterized , aspects of aging are reflected in the appearance of cf-dna.
cellular senescence is an effective tumor-suppressive mechanism that causes a stable proliferative arrest in cells with potentially oncogenic alterations.
here , we have investigated the role of the p33ing1 tumor suppressor in the regulation of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts.
we show that p33ing1 triggers a senescent phenotype in a p53-dependent fashion.
also , endogenous p33ing1 protein accumulates in chromatin in oncogene-senescent fibroblasts and its silencing by rna interference impairs senescence triggered by oncogenes.
notably , the ability to induce senescence is lost in a mutant version of p33ing1 present in human tumors.
using specific point mutants , we further show that recognition of the chromatin mark h3k4me3 is essential for induction of senescence by p33ing1.
all replicas were submitted to accelerated aging for @number@ hours.
the evaluations of chromatic alteration through visual analysis and reflection spectrophotometry were carried out initially and after @number@ @number@ and @number@ hours of aging.
the results were submitted to anova and tukey's test at @percent@ level of significance.
the pigmented groups with opacifier presented the lowest δe values , with a statistical difference from the other groups.
conclusions : the opacifier protects facial silicones against color degradation , and oil paint is a stable pigment even without addition of opacifier.
study design and methods : rbcs were processed and stored following standard dutch blood bank procedures.
samples were taken every week for up to @number@ weeks and exposed to various stress conditions , such as hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion.
the effect of these treatments on ps exposure was measured by flow cytometric analysis of annexin v binding.
the same analyses were performed on rbcs that had been separated according to density using discontinuous percoll gradients.
results : during storage under blood bank conditions , rbcs become increasingly susceptible to loss of phospholipid asymmetry induced by hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion.
conclusions : during storage , rbcs develop an increased susceptibility to stress-induced loss of phospholipid asymmetry that is especially associated with an aging phenotype.
this increased susceptibility may be responsible for the rapid disappearance of a considerable fraction of the rbcs during the first @number@ hours after transfusion.
in the aligned condition , no visual preference was found at any group age.
results revealed that both infants ' and adults ' eye movements may be affected by holistic face information and demonstrated holistic face processing in 3-month-olds.
kinematic measures of children's reaching were found to reflect stable differences in skill level for planning for future actions.
sixteen children were retested on the same tasks a year later.
more skillful toddlers who could build high towers had a longer deceleration phase when placing blocks on the tower than toddlers who built low towers.
kinematic differences between the groups remained a year later when all children could build high towers.
how does understanding the decimal system change with age and experience ?
generation of linear estimates increased with age but decreased with numerical scale.
this study relies on eye tracking technology to investigate how humans perceive others ' feeding actions.
still , they fail to anticipate self-propelled ( sp ) spoons that move toward the mouth and manual combing actions directed toward the head.
ten-month-olds ( n = @number@ ) and adults ( n = @number@ ) anticipate sp spoons ; however , only adults anticipate combing actions.
these results are discussed in relation to experience and a possible phylogenetic influence on perception and understanding of feeding.
the sample consisted of @number@ females and @number@ males aged 20-60 years randomly recruited from shanxi province of pr china.
except for female hc , all the other anthropometric indices were significantly correlated with bps.
among them , wc and hc exhibited the highest correlations in female ( @number@.38-0.42 ) and in male ( @number@.36-0.37 ) , respectively.
the result indicates that hc is not protective for metabolic risk factors in males.
older adults show disproportionate declines in explicit memory for associative relative to item information.
however , the source of these declines is still uncertain.
one explanation is a generalized impairment in the processing of associative information.
assessing implicit memory of new associations is a way to distinguish between these viewpoints.
to date , mixed findings have emerged from studies of associative priming in aging.
one factor that may account for the variability is whether the manipulations inadvertently involve strategic , explicit processes.
in two experiments we present a novel paradigm of conceptual associative priming in which subjects make speeded associative judgments about unrelated objects.
using a size classification task , experiment @number@ showed equivalent associative priming between young and older adults.
patients were recruited and randomly assigned for six months to either telemonitoring or standard care.
telemonitoring transmitted vital signs and clinical alerts daily to a central nursing station.
the main finding was a tendency for lower total number of hospital days for patients assigned to telemonitoring.
purpose : to evaluate uterine senescence by comparing pregnancy rates in older recipients vs their younger donors who were actually trying to conceive themselves.
these parameters were also evaluated in the first frozen embryo transfer from these couples ( if they had one ) .
results : the clinical and delivered pregnancy rates were similar in younger donors vs older recipients following fresh embryo transfer.
there was a non-significant trend for lower implantation rates in the younger donors.
no differences were found when comparing frozen embryo transfers.
conclusions : these data support conclusions that the uterus of women > or = @number@ does not inhibit embryo implantation.
varicella-zoster virus ( vzv ) causes two clinically distinct diseases : varicella and herpes zoster.
herpes zoster , recurrent infection of vzv occurs when the cell-mediated immunity to vzv declines.
since the cell-medicated immunity to vzv declines with aging , herpes zoster occurs more frequently in the elderly.
most frequent and dreaded complication of herpes zoster is postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) .
the first line of treatment of phn is medication with tricyclic antidipressants and anticonvulsants.
double-blind studies showed that effective tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of phn are amitriptyline and nortriptyline , and effective anticonvulsants gabapentin and pregabalin.
when tricyclic antidepressant and / or anticonvulsant cannot relieve phn , opioids should be considered in some selected patients.
although neuroablative procedures have been performed for the treatment of phn , their effectiveness was not confirmed by double-blind studies.
they rather aggravate phn with time.
vaccination of high risk subjects with the varicella vaccine seems to be the most effective measure for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia.
an increasing number of the elderly results not only in aging society , but in increasing morbidity as well.
the social part of supportive environment is composed of people ( family , friends , professional caregivers ) who provide help.
the physical part includes technologies that make living easier and more autonomous.
gerontechnologies in vulnerable and frail elderly people can compensate impaired orientation and memory , widen the possibility to communicate , exchange information , and move.
with the help of gerontechnologies , safe home environment and monitoring of health state can be ensured.
in the article , algorithm for maintenance of autonomy in older persons made by the authors is presented.
the formation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) is a widely accepted pivotal mechanism leading to skin aging.
it increases with age , while the endogenous defense mechanisms that counter them decrease.
this imbalance , called oxidative stress , leads to the progressive damage of cellular structures and results in accelerated aging.
antioxidant compounds can provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals.
the collective transcriptional effects of these extracts suggest interesting antiaging properties which could be utilized in nutraceutical antiaging formulations.
here we show that the natural process of brain aging also accompanies a chronic and late-onset deterioration of neuronal autophagy-lysosomal system.
in addition , conditional activation of neuronal autophagy in young animals is protective while late activation is deleterious for survival.
intriguingly , conditional aβ₁₋₄₂ expression limited to young animals exacerbates the aging process to a greater extent than aβ₁₋₄₂ expression in old animals.
objective : to quantify the number of cases and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection among older adults in sub-saharan africa.
methods : we reviewed data from demographic and health surveys ( dhs ) .
findings : in @number@ approximately @number@ million people aged ≥ @number@ years were living with hiv in sub-saharan africa.
the prevalence of hiv infection in this group was @percent@ , compared with @percent@ among those aged 15-49 years.
of the approximately @number@ million people in sub-saharan africa aged ≥ @number@ years that were hiv + , @percent@ were ≥ @number@ years old.
hiv services need to be better targeted to respond to the growing needs of older adults living with hiv.
purpose of review : the renin-angiotensin system ( ras ) is critical for cardiovascular control , impacting normal physiology and disease pathogenesis.
purpose of review : patients with tetralogy of fallot are subject to arrhythmic sequelae that substantially impact morbidity and mortality.
this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the prevalence and types of arrhythmias encountered.
diagnostic and prognostic tools are considered and therapeutic options discussed.
left ventricular hemodynamics are increasingly recognized as important contributors to risk for sudden death.
arrhythmia circuits have been characterized , and the impact of pulmonary valve replacement on sudden death has been further questioned.
recent studies cast doubt on the value of right ventricular pacing alone for cardiac resynchronization and provide a rationale for biventricular pacing.
summary : supraventricular arrhythmias exceed ventricular arrhythmias in prevalence , as atrial fibrillation increases with the aging population.
sudden death is the leading cause of late mortality , although therapeutic advances may alter this profile.
combinations of factors should be considered in risk stratification schemes to select appropriate implantable candidates.
the role of concomitant intraoperative ablation during pulmonary valve replacement surgery remains to be defined.
cardiac resynchronization therapy , particularly biventricular pacing , offers promise , but requires careful study before widespread implementation.
the proliferative potential of eukaryotic cells is critically dependent upon the maintenance of functional telomeres , the protein-dna complexes that cap the ends of chromosomes.
a paper published in this issue of aging describes that the telomere protein tankyrase @number@ regulates dna damage responses at telomeres.
previous reports have shown that eif2α phosphorylation is induced upon treatment with hdaci.
however the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation or the biological significance of this finding is not yet established.
more importantly our data indicate that eif2α phosphorylation acts in a cytoprotective manner , whereas the eif2α kinases pkr and gcn2 promote vorinostat-induced apoptosis.
these results reveal a dual nature for eif2α kinases with potential implications in the treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors.
objectives : the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religiously based beliefs about suffering and health among older mexicans.
methods : a nationwide survey of older mexican americans was conducted ( n = 1 , 005 ) .
in contrast , older mexican americans who believe that it is important to suffer in silence tend to rate their health less favorably.
compared to men , women live longer but experience greater morbidity as they age.
however , little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with disability.
medline was searched for reports published between @date@ and @date@ and additional studies were identified through searches of bibliographies.
articles meeting inclusion criteria were then critically appraised to exclude poor quality studies.
the literature is limited by small sample sizes that reduced statistical power to detect true differences.
no articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified to evaluate osteoporosis risk in this group.
this review is limited by the narrow focus on physical disabilities and two health outcomes.
additional high quality empirical research is necessary to understand the risks to health of women aging with disabilities.
striatal degeneration may contribute to cognitive impairment in older people.
data are from the prospective community-based honolulu asia aging study of japanese american men born 1900-1919.
volumes of the striatum , including the accumbens , putamen , and caudate nucleus were automatically estimated from t1 mr images.
global cognitive function was measured with the cognitive ability screening instrument ( casi ) , at four examinations spanning an 8-year interval.
these associations were found independent of the magnitude of other pivotal markers of cognitive decline , i.e. cerebro-vascular damage and hippocampal volume.
the present study suggests a role for the ventral striatum in the development of clinical dementia.
in this study , we focused on the klotho gene , which is an anti-aging gene known to be a potential tumor suppressor.
we investigated whether the immunohistochemical expression of klotho can predict survival patients with resected lcnec.
neither lymph node status nor lymphangioinvasion were significantly associated with a poor survival.
reduced executive function and physical performance are common age-related conditions.
this study evaluated the associations between executive function and physical performance in a representative sample of older adults.
cross-sectional data were analyzed from a population-based sample of @number@ men and women aged @number@ or older and living in one typical city in korea.
physical performance was measured using performance-oriented mobility assessment ( poma ) scores and isokinetic muscle strength.
subjects ' self-efficacy was also assessed using the activities-specific balance confidence ( abc ) scale.
self-efficacy was also independently associated with physical performance and muscle strength.
clinicians need to consider the association between executive function and physical performance when working to improve physical functioning in an aged population.
the considerable growth in the elderly population in turkey has brought with it problems as well as concerns regarding gerontological education for health care professionals.
the quality of care provided for older people is directly related to the attitudes of health care professionals.
validated instruments are needed in order to study attitudes toward old people.
the scale was translated using the back-translation technique.
a two-phase data collection design was used.
four weeks following the first completion , another kaop form was given.
content validity , construct validity , internal consistency , and stability reliability were assessed.
scores were between @number@ and @number@
the study sample reported slightly positive attitudes ( @number@ ± @number@ ) .
all of the @number@ items were found to have significant item-to-total correlations.
the content validity index was @number@
the cronbach's alpha was @number@ for the total scale.
the turkish version of the kaop can be considered reliable and valid scale for assessing the attitudes toward older people.
twenty-seven older and @number@ younger adults descended a purpose-built staircase.
calculation of the leg kinematics and kinetics was done by means of a rigid , three-segment , 3d leg model.
the cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as ' age-related cognitive decline'.
the most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry.
with age , sleep also changes profoundly , with more sleep fragmentation , earlier awakenings and less slow wave sleep as its main features.
methionine can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species to a mixture of two diastereomers , methionine-s-sulfoxide and methionine-r-sulfoxide.
however , mammals lack frmsr and are characterized by deficiency in the reduction of free methionine-r-sulfoxide.
the biological significance of such biased reduction of methionine sulfoxide has not been fully explored.
msra and msrb activities decrease during aging , leading to accumulation of protein-based and free amino acid forms of methionine sulfoxide.
recent clinical and experimental studies have reported aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects of djs.
in this study , we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of djs on dopaminergic ( da ) neurons damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-ohda ) .
to determine mitochondria-mediated apoptotic activity , we examined mitochondrial membrane potential , cytochrome c release , and caspase-3 activation.
djs reduced 6-ohda-induced intracellular ros production and gsh depletion and inhibited mitochondrial membrane instability , cytosolic cytochrome c release , and caspase-3 activation.
conclusions : these results demonstrate that djs has neuroprotective effects in da neurons against 6-ohda-induced toxicity through anti-oxidant and apoptotic activities.
mao-a was increased significantly ( ca.
@percent@ ; p < 0.01 ) in the putamen and substantia nigra pars compacta of the basal ganglia and in the pons.
the increased enzyme levels ( especially of mao-b ) seemed to correlate with the grade of disease severity.
we conclude that mao increases in those regions of hd brains which are known to undergo neurodegeneration accompanied by glioses.
moreover , it remains to be seen if selective enzyme inhibitors have therapeutic utility in the treatment of hd by reducing oxidative stress locally.
relatively few researchers have investigated early antecedents of adult functional limitations in developing countries.
adjustment for the potential mediators in adulthood attenuates these associations only to a modest degree.
it has been reported that mutations in optineurin ( optn ) can cause als.
therefore , we sequenced optn in @number@ ftld cases but no mutations were detected , suggesting changes in optn do not cause ftld.
the influence of education , occupation , and leisure activities on the passive and active components of reserve capacity remains unclear.
the results showed a positive and significant association between education , occupation , and leisure activities and the cognitive performances on isaac's set test.
among these factors , only education was significantly associated with a cerebral volume including gray and white matter ( p = @number@ ) .
although smaller , the education-related difference in white matter volume appeared in areas connected to the education-related difference in gray matter volume.
education , occupation attainment , and leisure activities were found to contribute differently to reserve capacity.
education could play a role in the constitution of cerebral reserve capacity.
subsequent studies identified similar indels in controls and suggested that these indels may confer susceptibility to als.
we detected indels in fus exons @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ with similar frequencies in patients ( @percent@ ) and controls ( @percent@ ) .
exonic indels in poly glycine tracts were also observed with similar frequencies.
the largest indel ( p.gly138 tyr143del ) was observed in @number@ control.
these findings suggest that not all exonic indels in fus cause disease.
subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
patterns of wm were assessed using voxel-based morphometry.
the distinct regional distribution of wm atrophy reflected the topography of gray matter ( gm ) loss.
apoe ε4 status was associated with a greater parahippocampal wm loss in both ad groups.
the greater wm atrophy in eoad than load fits with the evidence that eoad is a more aggressive form of the disease.
this study examines whether midlife change in episodic memory predicts hippocampal volume in old age.
midlife memory change did not predict total hippocampal volume for those currently in late middle age ( age 52-65 ) .
the pattern of findings was not modified by gender , apolipoprotein ε4 status , education or current memory performance.
these findings suggest that improvement in memory in midlife is associated with sparing of hippocampal volume in later life.
resveratrol , an activator of class iii histone deacetylase sirt1 , is important in attenuating cellular injury and oxidative stress.
the present study investigated the effects of sirt1 activation on prion protein-mediated neuronal cell death and examined its possible signals in intracellular apoptotic pathways.
resveratrol treatment significantly increased both sirt1 protein expression and sirt1 activity and protected neuronal cells against prp ( 106-126 ) -induced cell death.
resveratrol-mediated sirt1 activation decreased the acetylation of p53 and p65 induced by prion protein and sirt1 inhibitor.
furthermore , sirt1 overexpression by using adenoviral vector protected neuronal cells against prp ( 106-126 ) .
objective : to determine age-specific serum anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) values for women presenting to u.s. fertility clinics.
design : retrospective study.
setting : single clinical reference laboratory.
patient ( s ) : a total of @number@ women of reproductive age ranging from @number@ to @number@ years old.
intervention ( s ) : none.
main outcome measure ( s ) : determination of single-year median and mean amh values with sds.
result ( s ) : single-year-specific median , mean , and sd values are summarized in table @number@
both median and mean amh values decreased steadily in a manner highly correlated with advancing age.
conclusion ( s ) : median and mean amh levels decreased steadily with increasing age from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
such data may be of value to physicians and their patients who are considering reproductive options.
however , the th17 immune response in the aging process is still not clear.
the mrna expression of il-17 , il-17f , il-22 , and rorc2 was also significantly increased in aged people.
studies addressing immunosenescence in the immune system have expanded to focus on the innate as well as the adaptive responses.
recent studies have begun to elucidate the consequences of aging on tlr function in human cohorts and add to existing findings performed in animal models.
twenty-nine differentially abundant transcripts were identified in acute phase versus healthy ageing.
twelve of these transcripts remained differentially abundant in convalescence phase , and @number@ were similarly differentially abundant in acute phase of geriatric infectious diseases.
the next question is whether these alterations are common to other geriatric diseases and / or preexist before the clinical onset of the diseases.
study objectives : during sleep deprivation ( sd ) , failures to respond ( fr ) increase across a variety of tasks.
this is the first systematic investigation of neural correlates of fr during sd.
we use multivariate analysis to model neural activation separately for fr and responses ( r ) at each trial phase.
setting : in two experiments a delayed letter recognition task was performed in a @number@.5t scanner at @time@ after two nights of total sd.
participants were continuously monitored in the laboratory.
participants : healthy young adults from two sd experiments ( combined n = 37 ; aged @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
conclusions : fr were most associated with neural disruptions occurring at the encoding phase when subjects must attend to and encode items.
further , expression of this fr-related encoding-phase network made the largest independent contribution to predicting vulnerability to overall sd-related impairment.
this is supported by neurophysiological data on motion perception in senescent monkeys.
much less is known about deficits in higher level form vision.
for example , face perception of frontal views remains relatively constant from adolescence through age @number@ with a modest decline thereafter.
a neural model shows that these bandwidths increase by a factor of @number@ between age @number@ and age @number@ years.
this is similar to the increase reported for motion bandwidths in senescent monkeys.
furthermore , the neural model demonstrates that head orientation bandwidth increases can arise from decreased cortical inhibition.
thus , high levels of form vision degrade in parallel with higher levels of motion perception and likely result from similar causes.
a significant proportion ( @percent@ ) of the women were said to have had personal experience with homebirth.
all @number@ submissions were downloaded , coded and then entered into nvivo.
content analysis was used to analyse the data that related to homebirth.
findings : @number@ of the submissions were from consumers of maternity services ( @percent@ ) .
four hundred and seventy ( @percent@ ) of the submissions mentioned homebirth.
overall there were @number@ references to home birth in the submissions.
the submissions mentioning homebirth most commonly discussed the ' benefits ' and ' barriers ' in accessing this option of care.
barriers were described as not having access to a midwife , no funding , no insurance and lack of clinical privileging for midwives.
a concerning number of submissions discuss having had or having considered an unattended birth at home due to these barriers.
overall there is the belief that not enabling access to funded , insured homebirth in australia is a violation of human rights.
conclusions : eeg inter- and intra-hemispheric functional connectivity in neonates during sleep changes with the ca and cra in delta and beta bands.
significance : the neonate's brain development during the first weeks of life can be traced from changes in the characteristics of eeg functional connectivity.
decreased cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disruption are features of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the plasma kallikrein-kinin system modulates cerebrovascular tone through release of vasoactive bradykinin ( bk ) .
cerebroventricular infusion of aβ1-40 enhances bk release , suggesting that the activity of this system may be elevated in ad.
measurements of neuron specific enolase messenger ribonucleic acid ( mrna ) and protein were used to adjust for neuronal loss.
adjusted pk mrna was significantly increased in the frontal cortex in ad , and the frontal and temporal cortex in vad.
similar trends were seen for pk protein level in ad and vad.
pk activity was significantly increased in the frontal and temporal cortex in ad.
increased pk activity in ad is likely to contribute to increased bk release and may thereby influence cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability.
mutations in the optn gene are well known to be associated with the development of glaucoma.
recently , unique variations in the same gene have been reported in familial and sporadic japanese cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
we set out to evaluate the frequency of optn mutations in a sample of our familial and sporadic als cohorts.
two variants were newly identified in @number@ individual fals cases.
unique variations in the optn gene are rare in fals cases and were not identified in any sals patients , all of european descent.
in our environment , the dietary changes and sedentariness that have led to the spectacular rise in obesity have increased the prevalence of diabetes.
the experiences initiated by the university of stanford , or in spain by the national patients ' forum , could serve as models.
in the next few years , the figure of the expert patient will undoubtedly be highly useful.
this is a task that should never be forgotten.
in this article , we describe a detailed method for automatically generating tetrahedral meshes from 3d images having multiple region labels.
an adaptively sized tetrahedral mesh modeling approach is described that is capable of producing meshes conforming precisely to the voxelized regions in the image.
resting state fmri studies have found that cognitive decline in aging is associated with alterations in functional connectivity of distributed neural systems in the brain.
it is well known that subcortical nuclei have structural connections to the entire cortex.
the integrity ( fa values ) in selected fiber bundles correlated strongly with cognitive measures on executive function and processing speed.
our results can be taken to offer further support for the @number@ mg / l discriminant limit for ghb administration in antemortem urine samples.
however , the opposite pattern has also been observed , with mci participants showing larger pes than controls.
results showed that larger ne was associated with greater cognitive decline @number@ months later , reliably classifying participants into decliners and nondecliners.
background : social engagement and depression are important outcomes for residents with dementia in long-term care.
methods : thirty-seven long-term care units for residents with dementia in nursing- and residential homes in the netherlands participated in the study.
social engagement and depressive symptoms were measured for @number@ residents with the minimum data set of the resident assessment instrument.
results were analyzed using multilevel analysis.
results : residents of psychogeriatric units in nursing homes experienced low social engagement.
depressive symptoms were most often found in residents of psychogeriatric units in residential homes.
multilevel analyses showed that social engagement and depressive symptoms correlated moderately on the level of the units.
this correlation disappeared when the characteristics of residents were taken into account.
@number@ environmental conditions during early development can affect the growth patterns of vertebrates , influencing future survival and reproduction.
in long-lived mammals , females that experience poor environmental conditions early in life may delay primiparity.
in female bovids , annual horn growth increments may provide a record of age-specific reproduction and body growth.
horn length , however , may also be a criterion used by hunters in selecting animals to harvest , possibly leading to artificial selection.
we also compared the risk of harvest to reproductive status and horn length.
@number@ early horn growth was positively correlated with body mass in pre-reproductive females and with reproduction in very young and senescent adults.
females with strong early horn growth attained primiparity at an earlier age than those with weak early growth.
horn length did not affect hunter selection , but we found a strong hunter preference for nonlactating females.
@number@ our research highlights the persistent effects of early development on reproductive performance in mammals.
moderate sport harvests are unlikely to affect the evolution of phenotypic traits and reproductive strategies in female chamois.
a policy of penalizing hunters that harvest lactating females , however , may increase the harvest of 2-year-old females , which have high reproductive potential.
alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia.
presently , the drugs used in alzheimer's disease are only effective symptomatically and improve functioning.
they do not halt the progression of the disease.
numerous therapeutic interventions and neuroprotective approaches are also in trial phase.
in this article various compounds that can modify the course of the disease are discussed.
some recent patents and inventions for the treatment of alzheimer's disease have also been discussed.
data derived from @number@ community-dwelling older adults were analyzed through the rasch measurement model.
the item hierarchy formed through logits provided an expected pattern of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
acceptable to good person separation and reliability statistics supported the clinical applicability and consistency of the help scores.
finally , analysis of the rating scale structure confirmed the functioning of the 0- to 5-point rating scale used.
help can assist in monitoring lifestyle risk factors and measuring the outcome of services aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles among older adults.
lip vermilion area to volume , and vermilion height to cutaneous lip height ratios decreased with age in both sexes.
on average , the lips were thicker in men and in young persons than in women and in old persons.
mean labial curvature was larger in young men than in the other groups , and it was more variable in young than in old persons.
tissues and organs change over time , regulated by intrinsic ( genetic ) determinants and environmental ( and microenvironmental ) adaptation.
in addition , brain aging mechanisms are especially critical for disease vulnerability , given the aging-related prevalence of pathologies that include neurodegenerative diseases.
vitamin d , is a secosteroid which , in its active form @number@ , 25- ( oh ) 2-vitamin d3 , has hormone activities.
most cells and tissues in the human body have vitamin d receptors that stimulate the nuclear transcription of various genes to alter cellular function.
the prevalence of vitamin d , insufficiency in the general german population is high.
vitamin d in the food supply is limited and most often inadequate to prevent deficiencies.
supplemental vitamin d is likely necessary to avoid deficiency , especially in winter months.
the estimated cost saving effect of improving vitamin d status in germany might be up to @number@ billion euros annually.
in saccharomyces cerevisiae , the hsf binds to the @number@ upstream region of ygr146c and activates its transcription.
ygr146c encodes a functional homolog of ecl1 ( + ) , ecl2 ( + ) , and ecl3 ( + ) of schizosaccharomyces pombe.
at present , these ecl1 family genes , which are extenders of chronological lifespan , have been identified only in fungi groups.
in caenorhabditis elegans , heat shock factor hsf-1 is known to regulate aging and required for the elongation of longevity by dietary restriction.
we found that heat shock factor hsf1 extends chronological lifespan of s. pombe when overexpressed.
thus strategies to maintain cognitive function at an advanced age imply a great challenge to occupational medicine.
after exclusion of various diseases according to the study protocol @number@ athletes and @number@ controls could be selected for follow-up studies.
the influence of endurance training on cognitive function was assessed by the use of the vienna neuropsychological test battery and the cerad test battery.
other relevant outcomes were the levels of bdnf , igf-1 , apo e4 carrier state , and self-ratings.
conclusion : these results suggest that extensive endurance exercise training might be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function in elderly persons.
our data demonstrate that beneficial endurance training effects are not linked to the upregulation of the examined neurotrophins.
since we found reduced bdnf-levels in subjects with a positive family history of alzheimer's disease , we speculate that bdnf-reduction might precede cognitive impairment.
by applying the chaimowitz's test , the presence of incompetence for sodium reabsorption in talh in healthy old people was documented.
these are commonly found in elderly people with geriatric syndromes such as delirium , gait disorders and incontinence.
however , sagittal balance has not been studied widely and most studies have focused on postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis.
the subjects were @number@ japanese males who underwent a basic health checkup.
lumbar lateral radiograph , sagittal balance and spinal mobility determined with spinalmouse ( ® ) and back muscle strength were measured.
the thoracic / lumbar angle ratio ( t / l ratio ) was used as an index of sagittal balance.
exercise including muscle strength and spinal rom may be able to influence these primary factors related to qol.
back muscle strength and thoracic rom impact on improvement of qol in the middle-aged and the elderly.
ingested , injected , inhaled and decompartmentalized iron contributes not only to disease , but also to aging and mortality.
iron is dangerous by catalyzing free radical formation and by serving as an essential nutrient for microbial and neoplasmic cell invaders.
our body cells exhibit wide variation in sensitivity to iron toxicity.
efficacy of our iron withholding defense system is modulated by numerous environmental , behavioral and genetic factors.
a notable variety of methods for prevention and therapy of iron toxicity are now becoming available.
background : as microbial agents have been associated with late adverse effects related to fillers antibiotic treatment has been envisaged.
objective : to determine whether biomaterials favor bacterial growth and / or attract bacteria.
methods : hyaluronic acid , semi-permanent fillers , such as calcium hydroxylapatite , and permanent fillers , such as polyalkylimide / polyacrylamide , were used.
experiments were performed with escherichia coli , strain hvh-u47.
bacteria were transferred to sven-gard agar to test mobility.
striae of this bacterial strain with a macfarland @number@ turbulence pattern were seeded from a spot of inoculated biomaterial using müller-hinton medium.
the chemoattractive properties of the biomaterials were analyzed @number@ days after inoculation.
bacterial growth over the biomaterial and in-depth growth were assessed as well.
results : semi-permanent fillers did not stimulate bacterial growth but they allowed bacterial colonization over the filler.
permanent acrylic compounds neither presented chemoattractant properties nor showed bacterial growth over the biomaterial.
similar results were obtained when performing in-depth cultures.
conclusions : permanent and semi-permanent fillers did not facilitate bacterial growth when flagellated e. coli hvh-u47 was used.
our results do not argue in favor of antibiotics as the mainstay of therapy in late granulomas related to permanent fillers.
in the case of resorbable / semi-permanent fillers , more studies are needed before recommending antibiotic therapy.
breast cancer is the most prevalent women's cancer , with an age-adjusted incidence of @number@ per @number@ us women.
further research is warranted on the impact of environmental cadmium on breast cancer risk in specific populations and on identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms.
the results from randomised controlled clinical trials on treatment of these risk factors are not conclusive for the effect on cognitive decline and dementia.
major challenges for future studies are to select the optimal population , set the optimal treatment targets and select clinically relevant outcome parameters.
purpose : to assess the effect of ageing on in vivo human ciliary muscle morphology and contractility during accommodation.
methods : seventy-nine subjects , aged 19-70 years were recruited.
objective refractions and axial lengths were also recorded.
linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age on nasal and temporal ciliary muscle morphologic characteristics.
during accommodation , changes to ciliary muscle thickness and length remained constant throughout life.
conclusions : the human ciliary muscle undergoes age-dependent changes in morphology that suggest an antero-inwards displacement of muscle mass , particularly in emmetropic eyes.
purpose : to assess the effect of cataract on the evaluation of macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) in aged patients.
methods : mpod was prospectively measured using autofluorescence spectrometry before and after cataract surgery.
the lens opacities classification system iii was used to grade the cataracts at baseline.
results : forty-five eyes of @number@ subjects , who had no ocular disorders or fundus autofluorescence abnormalities except for age-related nuclear cataract , were included.
preoperative mpod was @number@ ± @number@ density unit ( du ) .
regression analysis showed that a higher nuclear color score correlated with lower mpod ( t = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the preoperative mpod prediction formula was mpod = @number@ - @number@ × nuclear color score.
a higher nuclear color score correlated significantly with failure to measure the mpod ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
regression analysis showed that higher preoperative mpod correlated with higher postoperative mpod ( t = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : cataract , especially its nuclear component , affects mpod measured by autofluorescence spectrometry.
objectives : older adults tend to exhibit the correspondence bias to a greater extent than young adults.
methods : first , participants responded to questions regarding their beliefs about attitude-behavior consistency.
approximately @number@ weeks later , @number@ ( @number@ young adults and @number@ older adults ) participants completed the correspondence bias task.
results : as expected , older adults were more biased than young adults.
analyses revealed that the degree to which an individual holds attitude-behavior consistency beliefs in the dishonesty domain accounted for age-related differences in the correspondence bias.
female gender ( p = @number@ ) was a significant predictor of subsequent lower self-rated driving ability.
evidence suggests that there are aging-related changes in corticospinal stimulus-response curve characteristics in later life.
however , there is also limited evidence that these changes may only be evident in postmenopausal women and not in men.
mep variability was strongly modulated by resting motor threshold but not by age.
the mechanical properties of the aorta affect cardiac function and are related to cardiovascular morbidity / mortality.
thirty healthy men and women in three different age categories ( 23-30 , 41-54 , and 67-72 yr ) were included.
the load-bearing fraction attributed to collagen ( ani ) oscillated from @number@ to @percent@ between diastolic and systolic pressures during the cardiac cycle.
furthermore , an increase in stiffness of collagen ( ani ) at high physiological pressure was found.
this might be due to increased glycation , as well as changed isoforms of collagen in the aortic wall with age.
possible factors of importance could be the effect of sex hormones , as well as differing collagen isoforms , between the sexes.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and ageing may contribute to malnutrition.
we aimed to explore whether copd and ageing determine malnutrition in different manners.
nutritional status was evaluated using the mini nutritional assessment® ( mna ) questionnaire.
from the mna , three scores exploring the domains of the nutritional status were calculated : body composition , energy intake and body functionality scores.
gold stages were independently correlated with body composition and body functionality scores ( model r2 = 0.073 ) .
age was independently correlated with body functionality score ( model r2 = 0.037 ) .
severe copd and ageing are independent and probably concurrent conditions leading to malnutrition.
the mna questionnaire allows a valuable insight into the complexity of components of nutritional status and may provide useful clues for treatment strategies.
material and methods : performance and stereotypes were contrasted before and after the cognitive stimulation program.
results : firstly , results showed a significant improvement in associative learning and verbal recall , as well as significant stereotypes score reduction after treatment.
secondly , those who improved their associative learning performance had a higher stereotypes score before the program.
even though , this group also reduced their stereotype score.
conclusions : these findings show that people who improve their cognitive performance also reduce their stereotypes score.
the risk of falls from height on a construction site increases under conditions which degrade workers ' postural control.
at elevation , workers depend heavily on sensory information from their feet to maintain balance.
the insoles applied sub- or supra-sensory levels of random mechanical vibrations to the feet.
the tests were conducted in a surround-screen virtual reality system , which simulated a narrow plank at elevation on a construction site.
upper body kinematics was assessed with a motion-measurement system.
postural stability effects were evaluated by conventional and statistical mechanics sway measures , as well as trunk angular displacement parameters.
analysis of variance did not confirm the \ "sensory enhancement \ " hypothesis , but provided evidence for the \ "sensory suppression \ " hypothesis.
the supra-sensory vibration had a destabilizing effect , which was considerably stronger in the semi-tandem posture and affected most of the sway variables.
sensory suppression associated with elevated vibration levels on a construction site may increase the danger of losing balance.
cells lacking vms1 show progressive mitochondrial failure , hypersensitivity to oxidative stress , and decreased chronological life span.
we show that oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial localization of cdc48 and this is dependent on vms1.
when this system is impaired by mutation of vms1 , ubiquitin-dependent mitochondrial protein degradation , mitochondrial respiratory function , and cell viability are compromised.
heavy resistance exercise bouts ( @number@ × @number@ rm leg presses ) were performed before and after the training period.
acute increases occurred in serum testosterone concentrations due to resistance exercises but basal testosterone remained unaltered.
mean ar mrna expression and protein concentration remained unchanged after heavy resistance exercise bouts compared to pre-values.
similarly , it correlated with the changes in @number@ rm in yt.
progress has been hampered by gaps in our knowledge of the hair growth cycle's controls , to which hair pigmentation appears tightly coupled.
further motivation could be in finding answers to why hair follicle and epidermal pigmentary units remain broadly distinct ?
why melanomas tend to originate from epidermal rather than follicular melanocytes ?
why multiple follicular melanocyte sub-populations exist ?
why follicular melanocytes are more sensitive to aging influences ?
insulin resistance is a risk factor for various age-related diseases.
in the leiden longevity study , we recruited long-lived siblings and their offspring.
previously , we showed that , compared to controls , the offspring of long-lived siblings had a better glucose tolerance.
groups of offspring and controls were similar with regard to sex distribution , age , and body mass index.
the insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production and lipolysis did not differ between groups ( all p > @number@ ) .
furthermore , gdr was significantly correlated with the mean age of death of the parents.
in conclusion , offspring from long-lived siblings are marked by enhanced peripheral glucose disposal.
future research will focus on identifying the underlying biomolecular mechanisms , with the aim to promote health in old age.
background : patient-reported outcomes ( pros ) are important assessment benchmarks after aesthetic procedures.
systematic studies of pros have not been conducted in the lower face.
participants maintained a 14-day diary to record severity of treatment site responses.
results : all treatments resulted in significant improvements from baseline at all end points and on all pro measures.
for all measures and most time points , the 24-mg / ml cohesive gel treatment groups experienced greater improvements than onabotulinumtoxina alone.
participant-rated severity of treatment-related reactions was mainly mild and transient.
objective : to determine the effects that bonta injections for the treatment of facial wrinkles had on quality of life ( qol ) and self-esteem.
methods and materials : one hundred participants received treatment with bonta or placebo saline in this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled survey.
increases in overall self-esteem and appearance- , social- , and performance-related self-esteem were observed in participants treated with bonta.
conclusion : our findings showed that bonta injections result in improvements in qol and self-esteem.
in addition , bonta-naïve participants demonstrate greater improvements in qol and self-esteem than participants previously exposed to bonta.
moreover , bonta-familiar participants demonstrated sustained improvement in qol and self-esteem relative to bonta-naïve participants , even when injected with placebo.
both placebo and sibutramine gave a similar improvement of homa-ir , leptin , tnf-α , adn , and hs-crp.
no vaspin variations were observed in either group.
objective and background : amitriptyline is one of the most commonly used medications in migraine prophylaxis.
there have been relatively few placebo-controlled studies of amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis or in treatment of chronic daily headache ( cdh ) .
the study was carried out between @number@ and @number@ however , results have never been fully reported.
methods : patients with a history of migraine as defined by the @number@ ad hoc committee report were recruited for this study.
subjects had at least @number@ headaches per month , and no limit was placed on the number of headaches per month that could be experienced.
subjects with at least @number@ migraine headaches in this period were then entered into period b and randomized into either amitriptyline or placebo tracks.
medication consisted of identical tablets containing either @number@ mg amitriptyline or placebo.
period b was @number@ weeks in duration with dose titration identical to period a. the dose could be reduced if necessary to reduce side effects.
the minimum dose was one pill per day.
patients kept a headache calendar that was used for data collection.
headache frequency ( per month ) , severity , and duration ( hours ) were the primary measurement parameters employed for data analysis.
there were no significant differences in headache severity or duration between amitriptyline and placebo groups at anytime during the study.
there was a trend for amitriptyline to be superior to placebo at @number@ and @number@ weeks but this did not reach significance.
compared with placebo amitriptyline is effective in cdh.
amitriptyline was also significantly effective in im compared intragroup to its own baseline ; however , placebo was equally effective in the same analysis.
the reason for the robust placebo response in the im group is not clear , but has been occasionally reported.
design : cross-sectional analysis of nia's grant portfolio.
setting : nia.
participants : nia grantees.
measurements : nia's grant portfolio was queried for the period @number@ to @number@ using a variety of search terms related to mocs.
exclusion criteria were lack of focus on an intervention and focus on informal caregivers.
expert nia staff reviewed and validated projects.
results : one hundred thirty-five grants were identified.
forty-four percent focused on components of comprehensive care and @percent@ on active involvement of older adults.
the majority of projects were investigator-initiated grants ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : nia has supported the development of many interventions that include components of mocs related to recommendations from the iom report.
objective : the value of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in childhood and adolescence and its stability into young adulthood have been questioned.
the mets was defined dichotomously by current pediatric and adult criteria.
the mets cluster score used the average of deviates of the mets components standardized to their means and standard deviations at mean age @number@
a cluster score , using the mets components as continuous variables , is more reliable in predicting young adult risk from late childhood.
associations between memory scores and everyday functioning outcomes remained significant across follow-up intervals spanning @number@ years.
hvlt total recall score was consistently the strongest predictor of each functional outcome.
participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment including frailty status evaluated by means of the study of osteoporotic fractures ( sof ) criteria.
multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to find independent correlates of frailty among participants living alone.
results : participants ' living alone ' were @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
one-third of them ( n = @number@ ) were frail.
in frail elders there was also a higher prevalence of underdiagnosed dementia.
in order to better recognise frail subjects in this specific population , four independent correlates of frailty were identified.
older adults have a disproportionally high rate of completed suicide as compared to the general population.
problem- and emotion-focused coping were associated positively with reasons for living and negatively with suicide ideation.
dysfunctional coping was associated positively with suicide ideation , but results did not support the hypothesized negative relationship with reasons for living.
the results also provide some evidence of convergent validity for the recently developed gsis.
objectives : older adults are a population vulnerable to the effects of alcohol , medication-to-alcohol interactions , and combining multiple medications.
this study examines the effectiveness of a prevention program to increase older adults ' knowledge about these risks.
results : results show a significant increase in knowledge about older adults ' risks related to their medication and alcohol use from pre- to post-test.
further research is needed to replicate these findings and to determine how prevention education can reduce these risks for older adults.
objectives : psychosocial stressors faced by patients with fragile x-associated tremor / ataxia syndrome ( fxtas ) and their caregivers have not been systematically explored.
this study investigated the subjective needs of patients with fxtas and their family caregivers , by utilizing q-sort methodology.
method : patients with fxtas and their caregivers seen during @date@ to @date@ participated.
item scores were generated from @number@ = least important to @number@ = most important.
analysis included descriptive statistics for all the demographic and outcome variables.
generalized estimating equations were used to identify which of the need domains were perceived as most important by the participants.
both patients and caregivers rated informational needs as most important , followed by emotional and , finally , by instrumental needs.
participants lacked many important resources , in particular those addressing instrumental needs.
method : this was a cross-sectional study.
the pre- and post-scenario assessment comprises @number@ questions , exploring the understanding toward basic issues related to lst.
the scenario exposure comprises two hypothetical case vignettes describing situations demanding decisions for lst.
the knowledge level toward lst was assessed and compared before and after the presentation of the two vignettes.
results : one-hundred community dwelling older persons ( aged over @number@ years ) were recruited.
the scenario exposure improved the knowledge level of participants ( paired samples t-test , p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the results demonstrated that hypothetical scenarios may help to enhance and facilitate the understanding of lst.
a sample of @number@ cohabiting spouses of persons diagnosed with probable or possible alzheimer disease was recruited for this study.
in contrast , commitment did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor of caregiver depression.
african-american older adults are even less likely than their white counterparts to seek and engage in mental health treatment.
this qualitative study examined the experience of being depressed among african-american elders and their perceptions of barriers confronted when contemplating seeking mental health services.
in addition , we examined how coping strategies are utilized by african-american elders who choose not to seek professional mental health services.
method : a total of @number@ interviews were conducted with african-american elders endorsing at least mild symptoms of depression.
interviews were audiotaped and subsequently transcribed.
content analysis was utilized to analyze the qualitative data.
objectives : subjects with depression might request more healthcare services.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of depressive symptoms with hospitalization and mortality rates in a general unselected older population.
this population had been enrolled in a national study of the genetic determinants of health status.
analyses were conducted using continuous , as well as categorical gds score levels.
increasing gds score levels were associated with increasing risk of hospitalization ( p for trend = @number@ ) .
up to @percent@ of hospitalizations might be attributed to depression.
conclusion : depressive symptoms are not associated with increased mortality rates in general older populations.
methods : fourteen nursing homes were selected from various areas of taiwan by purposive sampling.
data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation approach.
conclusion : our videoconference program alleviated depressive symptoms and loneliness in elderly residents in nursing homes.
the objective of the study was to investigate how elderly suicide cases had perceived the health service and what characterised their contact with it.
the @number@ informants were relatives , general practitioners ( gps ) and home-based care workers.
the systematic text condensation method was applied to analyse interviews.
results : many of the elderly expressed distrust of health service once their functional decline began.
they feared losing their autonomy if they became dependent on help , and many therefore refused health service provisions.
communication between them and helpers failed.
as they gradually became more dependent on medical care , many experienced that they were not given the desired help , which confirmed their distrust.
conclusion : contact between these people and the health service must inspire confidence for it to prevent suicide.
elderly people at risk of suicide are vulnerable : they feel degraded if their autonomy is threatened by health personnel.
the structure and organisation of the health service , and each worker's contact with the elderly , must preserve their dignity.
dignity must be evinced through the healthcare professionals ' treatment of elderly people and a system that meets their needs.
internationally , there is a lack of studies focusing on older women , who comprise the majority of the ageing population.
volunteering status was the factor of interest and study factors included a broad range of demographic , health and social factors.
a longitudinal model was developed for mediators of volunteering over time.
volunteering was associated with increased quality of life and social support.
conclusions : this study contributes to the literature on the relationship between volunteering and health for older women.
understanding the potential health implications of volunteering is a critical issue in current policy debates.
sixty persons with severe dementia ( @number@ in the experimental and @number@ in the control group ) were enrolled.
baseline multidimensional assessment included demographics , mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , barthel index and neuropsychiatry inventory ( npi ) for all patients.
all the patients of the experimental and control groups received standard care ( educational and entertainment activities ) .
in addition , the experimental group received three cycles of @number@ active mt sessions each , three times a week.
each 30-min session included a group of three patients.
every cycle of treatment was followed by one month of wash-out.
at the end of this study , mt treatment resulted to be more effective than standard care to reduce behavioural disorders.
the analysis of single npi items shows that delusions , agitation and apathy significantly improved in the experimental , but not in the control group.
this study suggests the effectiveness of mt approach with working cycles in reducing behavioural disorders of severely demented patients.
the studies are especially focused on behavioral and cognitive aspects of the interaction and the social contexts surrounding it.
in this article , we describe the recent research trends on the field of humanoid robotics.
their principal applications and their possible impact are discussed.
the rampant diabetes pandemic over the past few decades has been associated with an increased rise in cardiovascular events and deaths.
emerging evidence in the past @number@ years has suggested that sleep apnea is a novel risk factor in the development of diabetes.
associations between diabetes and sleep apnea are supported by both epidemiologic and clinical sleep apnea studies.
in this report , we discuss epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggesting that sleep apnea is involved in the pathogenesis of altered glucose metabolism.
suggestions to improve practice guidelines in the management of diabetic patients with sleep apnea are provided.
specific examples of the bioimaging of metal distributions in normal rodent brains are provided.
differences to the normal were assessed in a parkinson's disease and a stroke brain model.
furthermore , changes during normal aging were studied.
la-icp-ms can be employed to detect metalloproteins in protein bands or spots separated after gel electrophoresis.
maldi-ms can then be used to identify specific metal-containing proteins in these bands or spots.
the combination of these techniques is described in the second section.
beta-cell replication dramatically declines with age.
here , we report that the level of cenp-a , a protein required for cell division , declines precipitously with age in an islet-specific manner.
cenp-a is essentially undetectable after age @number@ in humans.
however , exocrine cells retain cenp-a expression.
the mechanism by which cenp-a declines appears to be post-transcriptional , as there was no correlation between cenp-a mrna levels and age or islet purity.
this finding has implications for efforts to induce beta-cell replication as a treatment for diabetes.
conditioned media from co-cultures of glioma cells with hucbsc showed reduced angiogenesis as evaluated by in vitro angiogenesis assay using hmec cells.
reduction in angiogenesis was associated with downregulation of fak and integrin αvβ3 in the co-cultures of glioma cells.
downregulation of fak gene is correlated with downregulation of many angiogenesis-related genes , including ang1 , vegfa and akt.
under in vivo conditions , neovascularization by glioma cells was inhibited by hucbsc.
further , intracranial tumor growth was inhibited by hucbsc in athymic nude mice.
similar to in vitro results , we observed downregulation of fak , vegf and akt molecules to inhibit angiogenesis in the hucbsc-treated nude mice brains.
taken together , our results suggest that hucbsc have the potential to inhibit the angiogenesis of glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo.
shp-2 ( encoded by ptpn11 ) is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase required for signal transduction by multiple different cell surface receptors.
humans with germline shp-2 mutations develop noonan syndrome or leopard syndrome , which are characterized by cardiovascular , neurological and skeletal abnormalities.
induced deletion of shp-2 resulted in impaired hematopoiesis , weight loss and lethality.
most strikingly , induced shp-2-deficient mice developed severe skeletal abnormalities , including kyphoses and scolioses of the spine.
skeletal malformations were associated with alterations in cartilage and a marked increase in trabecular bone mass.
osteoclasts were essentially absent from the bones of shp-2-deficient mice , thus accounting for the osteopetrotic phenotype.
background : cellular and animal studies suggest that hypercholesterolemia contributes to alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
however , the relationship between cholesterol and dementia at the population level is less clear and may vary over the lifespan.
follow-ups were conducted in 1974-1975 , 1980-1981 , 1992-1993 , and 2000-2001.
cox proportional hazards regression examined baseline , time-dependent , and change in cholesterol levels in relation to incident dementia and ad among all participants.
analyses were repeated among participants who survived to the age of @number@ years or older and participated in the 2000-2001 examination.
conclusion : these data suggest that midlife cholesterol level is not associated with an increased risk of ad.
however , there may be a slight risk among those surviving to an age at risk for dementia.
declining cholesterol levels from midlife to late life may better predict ad risk than levels obtained at one timepoint prior to dementia onset.
analytic strategies examining this and other risk factors across the lifespan may affect interpretation of results.
objective : to depict the trajectory of bmi from middle to late adulthood and to examine social variations in bmi trajectories.
changes in bmi were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling with time-constant and time-varying covariates.
results : bmi increased linearly over time.
compared with caucasians , african-americans had higher bmi levels , while hispanics had similar bmi levels , but lower rates of increase over time.
higher education predicted lower bmi levels and was not associated with the rate of change.
younger age-at-baseline predicted lower bmi level and lower rate of increase.
no gender differences were found.
objective : to examine the role of health conditions , socioeconomic , and socioenvironmental factors in explaining gender differences in physical disability among older adults.
binary logistic regression analyses adjusting for possible explanatory covariates were conducted sequentially.
results : women showed higher prevalence rates of adl , iadl , and pt compared to men.
gender disparities in adl disability were explained by chronic-disease risk factors and health conditions ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.94-2.25 ) .
the odds of disability in iadl and pt remained significantly higher for women compared to men after accounting for all available covariates.
here , we systematically investigated age-related changes in homotopic rsfc in @number@ healthy individuals ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
we observed marked age-related changes in homotopic rsfc with regionally specific developmental trajectories of varying levels of complexity.
sensorimotor regions tended to show increasing homotopic rsfc , whereas higher-order processing regions showed decreasing connectivity ( i.e. , increasing segregation ) with age.
sex-related differences in the developmental trajectory of functional homotopy were detected within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( brodmann areas @number@ and @number@ ) and amygdala.
aging is associated with increased incidence and prevalence of both cancer and anemia.
cancer and aging may conspire in making anemia more frequent and more severe.
this article reviews the causes and the consequences of anemia in the older individual.
other causes of anemia whose prevalence is not well established include myelodysplasia , copper deficiency , hypothyroidism , and sarcopenia.
anemia is associated with increased risk of mortality , functional dependence , dementia , falls , and chemotherapy-related toxicity.
these products may be safe when given exclusively to patients receiving chemotherapy and when the hemoglobin levels are maintained below @number@ g / dl.
reagents that specifically recognize oligomeric morphologies of aβ have potential diagnostic and therapeutic value.
using a novel biopanning technique that combines phage display technology and atomic force microscopy , we isolated the nanobody e1 against oligomeric aβ.
objective : to examine the association between co-morbidities and the use of antidiabetic medications or adjunctive cardiovascular medicines among australian veterans with diabetes.
methods : data were sourced from the australian department of veterans ' affairs health claims database.
all veterans aged @number@ years and over who were dispensed medicines for diabetes from july to @date@ were included.
dispensings of antidiabetic and adjunctive cardiovascular medicines over the first six months of @number@ were examined.
log binominal regression models were used to calculate the relative risks of the dispensing of medications for various co-morbidities , taking into account potential confounders.
results : among the @number@ veterans who were dispensed medicines for diabetes , @percent@ had five or more co-morbidities.
patients who had diabetes-related co-morbidities had significantly less dispensing of metformin monotherapy and more dispensing of insulin than those without these conditions.
patients with renal disease were more likely to have glitazones dispensed ( rr = 1.46 , @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
adjunctive cardiovascular medicines were significantly less likely to be dispensed to those with established heart conditions and non-related co-morbidities , particularly dementia.
cardiovascular medicines however may be underutilised in those with un-related co-morbidities.
aims : coronary artery calcification ( cac ) is a strong predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
we investigated the relationship of race and cac in a sample of patients with type @number@ diabetes without clinical cvd.
conclusions : relative to african-americans , white race is a strong predictor of cac , even in the presence of type @number@ diabetes.
the relationship in women appears less robust possibly due to gender differences in metabolic risk factors.
social connections were measured at baseline ( 1994-96 ) , and survival status and cause of mortality were identified in @date@ .
a weighted sum score of lack of social connections ( lsc ) was estimated.
associations between lsc score by quartiles and risk of mortality were examined prospectively using cox's proportional hazard regression models.
no significant association was observed among asa , which was likely due to the small sample size of the asa participants.
reductions in pathogen and surrogate inocula were determined with excision sampling.
all three surrogate inocula were suitable as eco157 surrogates for dry aging and acid spray plus dry-aging treatments used by small abattoirs.
no one inoculum was suitable as an eco157 surrogate across all intervention treatments used by large abattoirs.
results support using nonpathogenic surrogate organisms to validate beef carcass intervention efficacy.
the identification of health factors that influence physical activity level ( pal ) will help in the development of strategies for increasing pal older adults.
the current research aimed to identify variables that independently affect behavior trends in pal over the course of two years among elderly.
physical activity level was determined through questions about frequency and duration of physical activities.
experiences of falls and fractures were also assessed.
behavior trends in pal were also measured after two years.
multivariate regression model methodology was used to test associations longitudinally.
conclusions : age , gender , adl scores and falls were associated with a not favorable behavior trend in pal.
promotion programs should target these factors , reducing barriers to achieve desired changes in pal.
results : age was associated with decreases in bodyweight , height , total lean mass and bone mass , but an increase in fat mass.
exercise of intensity greater than @number@ met-min / week was significantly associated with higher lean and bone masses and lower fat mass.
the increase in lean mass was predominantly in the legs , while the decreases in fat mass were in the trunk and abdomen.
prostate cancer is common in older men.
penetrative sex was constructed as central to a masculine identity , but inability to achieve this was normalised in terms of the ageing process.
the findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the clinical management of ed post-surgery and helping men adjust to life following treatment.
for many years , toxicological investigations have shown that the sensitivity of kidney to xenobiotics evolves depending on the stage of life.
rodents , specifically rats , are the primary animal models used in toxicology testing.
we conclude that rats constitute a good model for toxicological investigations during embryonic development , youth and adulthood.
background : accumulating evidence implicates leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) shortening as a potential risk predictor for cardiovascular disease.
arterial stiffness chronicles the cumulative burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
therefore , the capacity of ltl to predict arterial stiffness was examined.
the relative telomere length of leukocytes was determined by a real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) .
large artery stiffness was measured with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) .
further studies are warranted to study the role of ltl dynamics in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
regenerative medicine deals with the possible use of stem cells to repair tissues damaged by aging and related diseases , including amyloidoses.
background / aim : overweight and obesity may lead to a large number of health problems.
prevention and adequately timed treatment can lead to successful body mass regulation.
methods : the survey was conducted in the region of the town of nis.
the survey was carried out among a random sample of @number@ participants , @number@ men and @number@ women , older than @number@ years.
the tool used was a questionnaire.
results : .
there is a positive association between aging and bmi.
dswl are used by @time@ % of the examinees.
the most of the examinees that use dswl were overweight and used it for esthetic reasons.
before the use of dswl , women usually practice diets and men practice fluid consumption.
television is the most important source of information about dswl.
conclusion : the prevalence of obesity emphasizes the need for concentrated efforts to prevent obesity in the early age.
the only way to reduce the risk of dswls misuse is providing all of the necessary information by the health care professionals.
as pharmacists are in the direct contact with patients they have the most important role in rational and effective use of dswl.
conclusion : dwi with adc maps can not be considered markers for placental aging because they are affected by perfusional and circulatory motion.
opportunistic fungal infections are usually seen in immunocompromised patients.
while candida is the most prevalent agent in such infections , aspergillus is at the second order.
primary cutaneous aspergillosis is most common in immunocompromised patients but can rarely be seen in healthy hosts as well.
we report a case of posttraumatic primary cutaneous aspergillosis and candida guilliermondii coinfection in a 70-years-old healthy man.
the patient had an ulcerous lesion which developed in the site of a trauma on the middle finger of the right hand.
histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens revealed septate hyphae with dichotomous branching small circular blastospores.
the cultures of the biopsy specimen yielded yellow-green colored , granular mold colonies and creamy white yeast colonies.
microscopic examination of the lactophenol cotton blue stained mold colonies indicated long conidiophores with vesicles surrounded by uniseriate phialides , compatible with aspergillus flavus.
the patient was treated properly with surgical debridement and itraconazole therapy.
nucleostemin ( ns ) is a nucleolar protein expressed in stem and cancer cells.
in combination with nuclear / nucleolar proteins , ns has been demonstrated to be involved in cell-cycle regulation and telomere maintenance.
ns expression reflects the cell's proliferation state indicating that the cell is active in the cell cycle , whereas ns signals disappear upon differentiation.
beside its prominent multilobular nucleolar localization in interphase cells , coexistence of ns with chromosome arms during mitosis was also observed.
disruption of mitotic microtubules induced dissociation of ns from the chromosome arms and scattered it into the cytoplasm.
compared to deciduous dental pulp mscs , ns mrna expression gradually decreased upon aging in umbilical cord stroma-derived mscs as culture time increased.
quantitative ns mrna measurements showed that mscs from two sources exhibit a strong nucleostemin expression similar to embryonic stem cells.
chart review is central to health services research.
text processing , which analyzes free-text fields through automated methods , can facilitate this process.
four hundred reports were randomly selected and manually reviewed for acute fractures to establish a gold standard.
reports were then processed by sqlserver and negex.
muscle strength is important in functional activities of daily living and the prevention of common pathologies.
we describe the two-staged fine mapping of a previously identified linkage peak for knee strength on chr12q12-14.
strong associations between acvr1b genotypes and knee muscle strength ( p-values up to @number@ ) were present.
rs2854464 aa individuals were ∼2% stronger than g-allele carriers.
however , no genotype-related difference in acvr1b mrna expression in quadriceps muscle was observed.
proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochores is essential for accurate chromosome segregation.
here , we report a novel protein involved in kinetochore-microtubule attachment , chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein ( camp ) ( c13orf8 , znf828 ) .
camp is a zinc-finger protein containing three characteristic repeat motifs termed the wk , spe , and fpe motifs.
camp localizes to chromosomes and the spindle including kinetochores , and undergoes cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at multiple sites during mitosis.
we found that the fpe region , which is responsible for spindle and kinetochore localization , is essential for proper chromosome alignment.
the c-terminal region containing the zinc-finger domains negatively regulates chromosome alignment , and phosphorylation in the fpe region counteracts this regulation.
these data suggest that camp is required for maintaining kinetochore-microtubule attachment during bi-orientation.
objective : brachial pulse pressure ( pp ) is a marker of arterial stiffness in the elderly and a useful tool for measuring vascular aging.
the presence of cerebral white matter lesions ( wmls ) is a radiological marker of sub-clinical ischemic brain damage.
wmls may be age-related degenerative change , but few studies have addressed the relationship between vascular aging and wmls.
in this study , we assessed whether brachial pp is associated with the presence of wmls in the elderly.
methods : six hundred and ninety-two asymptomatic elderly individuals ( > 55 years ) who visited for routine health check-up were included.
brachial blood pressure ( bp ) was measured and brain mri used to determine the presence of advanced wmls.
results : ninety-six ( @percent@ ) were found to have advanced wmls.
conclusions : the authors report for the first time that increased brachial pp is an age-independently associated with wmls in asymptomatic elderly individuals.
this result suggests that pp as a presumed marker of vascular aging may predict the presence of sub-clinical cerebrovascular diseases.
background : the current demographic transition will lead to increasing demands on health services.
however , debate exists as to the role age plays relative to co-morbidity in terms of health services utilization.
most data on health service utilization studies assess utilization at one point in time , and does not examine transitions in health service utilization.
the main outcome measure was total number of utilization events.
three categories of utilization were created : low , moderate , and high.
results : there is heterogeneity in health services utilization across the late lifespan.
utilization increased consistently in the 9-year study period.
overall healthcare utilization increases more rapidly among the high users compared to the low users.
there was negligible probability for moving from high to low utilization category.
probability of death increased exponentially as age increased.
older adults in the low utilization category had the lowest probability of death.
the number of male nonagenarians increased more rapidly than female nonagenarians.
conclusion : there are measurable and identifiable differences in the patterns of health services utilization among older adults.
this data will permit clinicians and policy makers to tailor interventions appropriate to the risk class of patients.
aim : analyse data on prbc age to complications and outcomes in patients with sah.
conclusions : in this small registry of patients with sah , the age of transfused prbcs was not associated with adverse events or outcomes.
studies have suggested a link between sirt1 and circadian rhythms , the disruption of which has been linked to cancer.
interestingly , a decreased production of the pineal melatonin has been shown to deregulate the circadian rhythm machinery and increase cancer risk.
furthermore , disruption in melatonin production and circadian rhythmicity has been associated with aging.
here , we challenged our hypothesis that melatonin will impart antiproliferative response against pca via inhibiting sirt1.
forced overexpression of sirt1 partially rescued the pca cells from melatonin's antiproliferative effects , suggesting that sirt1 is a direct target of melatonin.
this anti-pca response was accompanied with a significant decrease in sirt1 in tramp prostate.
our data identified melatonin as a novel inhibitor of sirt1 and suggest that melatonin can inhibit pca growth via sirt1 inhibition.
age-related bone loss is a common worldwide phenomenon in the aging population , placing them at an increased risk of fractures.
fortunately , basic and translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of this condition.
changes in hormonal , neuronal , and biochemical cues with age and their effect on bone have been discussed.
loss of muscle occurs as a consequence of many chronic diseases ( cachexia ) , as well as normal aging ( sarcopenia ) .
however , there is growing excitement among researchers in this field that developments may yield new treatments for muscle wasting in the future.
as a part of the papez circuit , the fornix carries information on episodic memory.
using dti , we attempted to investigate age-related changes of the fornix in the human brain.
sixty subjects ( @number@ males , @number@ females ; mean age , @number@ years ; range , 20-78 years ) were recruited.
we measured fractional anisotropy ( fa ) , apparent diffusion coefficient ( adc ) , and tract number for each part of the fornix.
in all three parts of the fornix , the fa value and tract number decreased , whereas adc value increased with aging.
in addition , a linear regression model was fitted to all three dti parameters in each part of the fornix.
furthermore , oxidative stress increased levels of arp reactive rna in cultured cells.
these results indicate the versatility of the assay method for biologically relevant oxidation of rna.
thus , this study developed a sensitive assay for analysis of oxidized rna.
the pathogenesis of right ventricular fibrofatty changes can be broadly divided into genetic or acquired.
our study demonstrates that fibrofatty changes can also be seen in pediatric cardiac allografts.
we examined @number@ failed cardiac allografts to identify the etiology of graft failure.
neither body mass index nor other physiologic parameters found on electrocardiography , echocardiography , or cardiac catherization were different between groups.
furthermore , arrhythmias indicative of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia were not observed in the study group.
this study suggests the fibrofatty infiltration in cardiac allografts is a clinically different entity from arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and has an unknown etiology.
background aims : adipose-derived stem cells ( asc ) are known to be able to restore injured tissue via differentiation and paracrine effects.
in this study , we investigated the effect of asc on photo-aged human dermal fibroblasts ( hdf ) based on paracrine function.
in particular , we wanted to determine a more effective method of asc application and the fate of the photo-aged fibroblasts.
methods : we compared two application methods of asc : transwell and conditioned medium culture with photo-aged fibroblasts.
flow cytometry for apoptosis assay was also conducted to determine the fate of the photo-aged fibroblasts.
results : asc induced proliferation of photo-aged hdf and type i collagen production and decreased mmp-1 production and expression of p16.
in an apoptosis assay , asc converted necrotic or late apoptotic cells to early apoptotic cells.
these results were similar in both experimental groups.
we believe that conditioned medium may be a useful material for anti-aging skin therapy instead of cell therapy.
also , asc might have an anti-aging effect on photo-aged fibroblasts even at a genetic level.
background : the carbon dioxide laser ( co2 ) has been proven to be an effective device for the treatment of photoaging.
delayed onset hypopigmentation after co , laser resurfacing can markedly detract from clinical outcomes.
to overcome the disadvantages of traditional ablative and non-ablative resurfacing , fractional photothermolysis ( fp ) has been introduced.
fp has been demonstrated in early case reports and case series to produce significant improvement in hypopigmentation of acne and surgical scars.
conclusion : ablative fractional resurfacing is a safe and potentially effective modality for the treatment of co2 laser induced hypopigmentation on the face.
advanced maternal age is a well-established factor of ds occurrence.
however the majority of ds cases are born to young couples.
some studies suggested that the risk for down syndrome may be related to an aging grandmother.
we obtained data on grandmaternal ages in @number@ families of ds and @number@ families of healthy children born in 1990-1999.
the data were analyzed according to two categories of maternal ages , < 30 yr and > or = 30 yr.
we did not find systematic differences in grandparental age distribution between the studied groups.
similar figures were observed in @number@ young controls ( @number@ yr ) .
there was no difference in age distribution between @number@ older couples with ds and @number@ control couples.
therefore we failed to support the suggestion that advanced age of the ds grandmother is responsible for meiotic disturbance in her daughter.
neither the hypothesis suggesting a significant contribution of parentally transmitted trisomy @number@ to ds population rate has been confirmed.
we found age-related decrease in acth level that is a known hypophysial stimulant of cortisol and cortisol precursor synthesis in adrenal glands.
cortisol and acth levels in study population had different correlation behavior in relation to central and peripheral regulators for hormonal axes.
conclusion : cortisol level remains stable with advanced age in males despite the decrease in steroidogenic activity and blood acth level.
the situation is further complicated by the fact of @number@ ethnic groups in the country.
the questionnaires for the elderly included their characteristics , economic conditions , adl , behavioral disturbances associated with dementia , etc.
when the caregiver was a child of the elderly receiving care , the hans ' zbi score was higher than that for the korean minority.
factors affecting caregiver burden in the han group were the presence of private rooms for the elderly , their life satisfaction and family economic conditions.
therefore , it is necessary to support the elderly and caregivers in ways that suit their ethnic characteristics.
treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers is not different between young and elderly patients.
nsaids are often given elderly persons , and aging is a risk factor of the development of nsaid-related ulcer.
until recently , gastric acid secretion has been believed to decrease according to age.
previously the atrophy of gastric mucosa that was the main cause for the decrease in acid secretion was understood as the phenomenon following aging.
however , h. pylori was discovered and the infection was indicated to be the main cause for the atrophic change of gastric mucosa.
furthermore , some studies indicated an increase in gastric acid secretion in the old people compared with young people.
the aging is one of the most important risk factors of upper gi injuries induced by lda , such as gastric ulcer.
the total number of elderly persons with gastric ulcers in japan is increasing with an improvement in the average life expectancy.
so far , gastric ulcer in elderly persons is considered proximal gastric ulcer due to corpus-predominant atrophic gastritis.
however , the clinical features of the disease will change with a decrease in the number of persons with helicobacter pylori infection.
even recently , there have been no changes in the mortality of patients with severe gastric ulcers.
management based on pathological conditions of gastric ulcers in the elderly persons is required.
the dental protrusion was verified when the overjet was larger than @number@ mm through periodontal probe in millimeters.
the data were analyzed at qui-square and the association among the events was the odds ratio.
the prevalence of protrusion was @percent@ and previous open bite @percent@.
there was association among this malocclusions , age and type of school , however there was not significant statistical association between malocclusion and gender.
it was concluded that the prevalence of malocclusion in preschoolers was high and it was associated to the age and school type.
akt1 also plays a key role in the regulation of both muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy.
we hypothesized that akt1 variants may play a role in the endophenotypes that makeup metabolic syndrome.
in young adult european americans ( famuss ) , h1 was associated with higher fasting glucose levels in females.
in middle age native americans ( shs ) , h1 carriers showed higher fasting insulin and homa in males , and higher bmi in females.
inolder african-american and european american subjects ( health abc ) h1 carriers showed a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome.
homozygotes for the h1 haplotype showed about twice the risk of metabolic syndrome in both males and females ( p < @number@ ) .
the 12-kb haplotype is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance that needs to be explored in further populations.
there is increasing evidence that the microcirculation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
changes in retinal vascular caliber reflect early microvascular disease and predict incident cardiovascular events.
we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with retinal vascular caliber.
all participants had retinal photography and retinal arteriolar and venular caliber measured from computer software.
collectively , these five loci explain @number@.0%-3.2% of the variation in retinal venular caliber.
four out of these five loci were confirmed in independent replication samples.
in two independent samples , locus 12q24 was also associated with coronary heart disease and hypertension.
our population-based genome-wide association study demonstrates four novel loci associated with retinal venular caliber , an endophenotype of the microcirculation associated with clinical cardiovascular disease.
these data provide further insights into the contribution and biological mechanisms of microcirculatory changes that underlie cardiovascular disease.
human amniotic fluid cells ( afcs ) are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnostics procedures.
cellular reprogramming is a means of assigning greater value to primary afcs by inducing self-renewal and pluripotency and , thus , bypassing senescence.
this revealed that the expression of key senescence-associated genes are down-regulated upon the induction of pluripotency in primary afcs ( afipscs ) .
nevertheless , these cell types are marked by distinct gene expression signatures.
surprisingly , expression of the self-renewal-associated gene prdm14 or the developmental processes-regulating genes wnt3a and gsc are restricted to escs.
implications of this , with respect to the stability of the undifferentiated state and long-term differentiation potential of ipscs , warrant further studies.
tgf-β1 is overexpressed in wound repair and in most proliferative disorders including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
tgf-β1 is known to modulate several stromal responses ; however there are few transgenic models to study its integrated biology.
transgenic mice developed age-dependent lesions leading to severe , yet focal attenuation of epithelium , and a discontinuous basal lamina.
elevated recruitment of cd115 + myeloid cells but not mature macrophages was observed in nerve ganglia , also in an age-dependent manner.
this study investigated how age , sex , and ethnicity may modify the interplay of subclinical inflammation and obesity in nationally representative contexts.
approximately @number@ individuals were included in the analysis after removing individuals with confounding conditions.
after controlling for bmi , female subjects had greater levels of most inflammatory markers compared with male subjects.
basophil and eosinophil counts also increased with increasing bmi but not significantly.
background : the pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is complex , and our knowledge of the exact mechanism of vitreoretinal attachment and detachment remains incomplete.
methods : we performed a medline , ovid , and embase search using search words rhegmatogenous , retinal detachment , vitreous , and retinal adhesion.
all appropriate articles were reviewed , and the evidence was compiled.
results : cortical vitreous contains fibrillar collagens type ii , v / xi , and ix.
they also received lower scores on the @number@ complex conditions of the receptive language task.
increased length and syntactic complexity negatively affected performance in both groups of speakers.
purpose : listening in noisy situations is a challenging experience for many older adults.
the authors hypothesized that older adults exert more listening effort compared with young adults.
listening effort involves the attention and cognitive resources required to understand speech.
method : a dual-task paradigm was used to objectively evaluate the listening effort of @number@ young and @number@ older adults.
the primary task involved a closed-set sentence-recognition test , and the secondary task involved a vibrotactile pattern recognition test.
results : older adults expended more listening effort than young adults under both experimental conditions.
subjective estimates of listening effort did not correlate with any of the objective dual-task measures.
conclusions : older adults require more processing resources to understand speech in noise.
dual-task measures and subjective ratings tap different aspects of listening effort.
most patients would have liked their family physician to be more involved in all aspects of cancer care.
better communication and collaboration between family physicians and the oncology team are needed to facilitate shared care in cancer follow-up.
objective : to assess age differences in the costs of language planning and production.
methods : a controlled sentence production task was combined with digital pursuit rotor tracking.
the length of the critical noun phrase ( np ) as well as the type of verb provided were manipulated.
the long nps also tended to be shifted to the end of the sentence , whereas short nps tended to be positioned after the verb.
discussion : pursuit rotor tracking during controlled sentence production reveals the effects of aging on sentence planning and production.
application to clinical practice : long-term use of vitamin e and c supplements has no appreciable effect on cataract.
results : after @number@ years of treatment and follow-up , @number@ incident cataracts were confirmed.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00270647.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : population-based study on the incidence and prevalence of cognitive impairment in olmsted county , minnesota.
participants : a total of @number@ elderly subjects ( @number@ men ) without dementia ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
motor impairment was evaluated qualitatively using the unified parkinson's disease rating scale summary measures of motor skills and quantitatively using a digitized portable walkway system.
four cognitive domains were evaluated using z scores of memory , language , executive function , and visuospatial reasoning.
a higher wmh proportion , whether periventricular , subcortical , or lobar , correlated with reduced velocity ( p value < .001 ) .
conclusions : we conclude that executive function is the primary cognitive domain affected by wmh burden.
parietal white matter changes were not the predominant correlate with motor speed , lending evidence to a global involvement of neural networks in gait velocity.
epigenetic mechanisms refer to the complex and interrelated molecular processes that dynamically modulate gene expression and function within every cell in the body.
these regulatory systems represent the long-sought-after molecular interfaces that mediate gene × environment interactions.
emerging evidence implicates a spectrum of epigenetic processes in the pathophysiology of stroke.
we suggest that understanding these mechanisms may be important for discovering more sensitive and specific biomarkers for risk , onset , and progression of stroke.
in addition , we highlight epigenetic approaches for stroke therapy , including the inhibition of dna methyltransferase and histone deacetylase enzyme activities.
indeed , these agents even appear to orchestrate sophisticated cognitive functions , including learning and memory.
design : nested case-control genome-wide association study.
setting : the washington heights-inwood columbia aging project and the estudio familiar de influencia genetica de alzheimer study.
participants : five hundred forty-nine affected and @number@ unaffected individuals of caribbean hispanic ancestry.
intervention : the illumina humanhap 650y chip for genotyping.
main outcome measure : clinical diagnosis or pathologically confirmed diagnosis of load.
we also replicated genetic associations for clu , picalm , and bin1.
conclusions : our genome-wide search of caribbean hispanic individuals identified several novel genetic variants associated with load and replicated these associations in a white cohort.
we also replicated associations in clu , picalm , and bin1 in the caribbean hispanic cohort.
background : cognitive impairment is often unrecognized among older adults.
meanwhile , current assessment instruments are underused , lack sensitivity , or may be restricted by copyright laws.
to address these limitations , we created a new brief cognitive assessment tool : the sweet @number@
equipercentile equating identified sweet @number@ cut points that correlated with widely used mmse cut points.
results : the sweet @number@ correlated highly with the mmse ( spearman r , @number@ p < .001 ) .
conclusions : the sweet @number@ is simple , quick to administer , and will be available open access.
the performance of the sweet @number@ is equivalent or superior to that of the mmse.
outcomes included lean tissue mass by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry , one-repetition maximum strength , margaria stair power , and activity questionnaires.
we used pathway analysis to determine the relationship between changes in hormone levels , muscle mass , strength , and function.
co-treatment with rhgh lowered the testosterone levels ( quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ) necessary to reach these lean mass thresholds.
changes in one-repetition maximum strength were associated with increases in stair climbing power ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
testosterone's effects on physical activity were mediated through a different pathway because testosterone directly affected physical activity score of the elderly.
to maximize functional improvements , the doses of anabolic hormones should be titrated to achieve target blood levels.
background : nearly @percent@ of older adults do not maintain recommended exercise levels emphasising the need for interventions that promote exercise.
design : randomised intervention.
setting : community exercise facilities.
participants : three hundred and thirty-two older adults ( mean age = @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
blinded data collectors measured follow-up exercise behaviour and functional outcomes at 3-month intervals.
conclusions : although the therapy group increased their strength training , they reduced their 6-min walking distance.
purpose / objectives : to explore the perceptions of patients with breast cancer with mobility impairments of the physical accessibility of healthcare facilities and equipment.
research approach : individual audiotaped interviews lasting one to two hours.
setting : interviews in homes or workplaces or by telephone.
participants : @number@ women with chronic mobility impairments who developed early-stage breast cancer prior to age @number@
three were recruited from oncologist panels and @number@ from informal social networks of disabled women nationwide.
methodologic approach : qualitative analyses of interview transcripts to identify common themes.
main research variables : extent and nature of mobility impairments and concerns raised by patients about barriers to care.
findings : the @number@ participants identified issues with inaccessible equipment , including mammography machines , examining tables , and weight scales.
the patients sometimes needed to insist on being transferred to an examining table when physicians preferred to examine them seated in their wheelchairs.
when staff would transfer them , patients feared injury or felt badly when clinical personnel were injured during transfers.
other issues included difficulties with positioning and handling patients ' uncontrollable movements.
even when clinical sites had accessible equipment , this equipment was sometimes unavailable for the appointment.
conclusions : women with major mobility issues who developed breast cancer confronted numerous physical barriers during the course of their breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
interpretation : with the aging of the baby boomer generation , an increasing number of people with mobility impairments will be seeking healthcare services.
ensuring accommodations and accessibility will benefit patients with impaired mobility and clinical staff.
ubb ( @number@ ) is a mutant ubiquitin which accumulates in the hallmarks of tauopathies , including alzheimer's disease.
transgenic mice expressing high levels of neuronal ubb ( @number@ ) exhibit moderately decreased proteasome activity and spatial reference memory deficits at 9months of age.
in the present study , we characterized the behavioral phenotype of male ubb ( @number@ ) transgenic mice at different ages.
at 15months of age , a transgene-specific spatial learning deficit was dependent on the period of training in the morris watermaze.
this deficit could be eliminated after additional training.
we conclude that the previously reported spatial reference memory deficits of ubb ( @number@ ) transgenic mice persist during aging.
alteration of these mechanisms contributes to the inception of various pathological conditions.
here , we summarize various aspects of immune system physiology and pathology in which epigenetic pathways have been implicated.
the present study examined the contribution of quality of that information to episodic fok judgments.
the results also indicated that older adults required explicit retrieval of contextual information before making fok judgments in order to make accurate fok predictions.
the results suggest that fok accuracy may be partially determined by search processes triggered when participants are queried for contextual information.
this study examined the within-person relationship between sleep and cognitive functioning.
a within-person daily change in sleep duration was significantly associated with worse global cognitive performance.
these results demonstrate that the sleep-cognition relationship can be observed at a within-person level of analysis.
participants studied faces and were either presented with the age or first had to guess before being shown the correct age.
later , participants were given a cued-recall test.
however , for older adults , the visual system displayed reduced activity when the probe appeared over angry facial expressions.
while episodic memory declines with age , metacognitive monitoring is spared.
the current study explored whether older adults can use their preserved metacognitive knowledge to make source guesses in the absence of source memory.
through repetition , words from two sources ( italic vs. bold text type ) differed in memorability.
there were no age differences in monitoring this difference despite an age difference in memory.
older adults used their metacognitive knowledge to make source guesses but showed a deficit in varying their source guessing based on word recognition.
therefore , older adults may not fully benefit from metacognitive knowledge about sources in source monitoring.
in sum , the present performance-based evidence speaks for multidirectional age differences in empathy.
when remembering past events or imagining possible future events , older adults generate fewer episodic details than do younger adults.
these results support the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis : deficits in retrieving episodic details underlie changes during memory and imagination.
in two experiments , older adults exhibited comparable specificity reductions across all conditions.
these findings emphasize the need to consider age-related changes in imagination and memory in a broader theoretical context.
previous research has identified the age prospective memory paradox of age-related declines in laboratory settings in contrast to age benefits in naturalistic settings.
various factors are assumed to account for this paradox , yet empirical evidence on this issue is scarce.
furthermore , increases in motivation to perform the prospective task seem to help remedy prospective memory deficits in young adults in the naturalistic setting.
the hiv epidemic in the united states has affected at least two generations of gay men.
despite numerous efforts to intervene on this public health crisis , hiv infections continue to escalate , especially among young men.
this condition is compounded by an ever-growing number of gay men who are aging and living with hiv.
taken together , these elements are a call to action for research and practice psychologists who are working to improve the lives of gay men.
testosterone is one of the most potent naturally secreted androgenic-anabolic hormones , and its biological effects include promotion of muscle growth.
these physiological signals from testosterone are modulated through the interaction of testosterone with the intracellular androgen receptor ( ar ) .
in general , testosterone concentration is elevated directly following heavy resistance exercise in men.
findings on the testosterone response in women are equivocal with both increases and no changes observed in response to a bout of heavy resistance exercise.
age also significantly affects circulating testosterone concentrations.
similarly , aging results in a reduced acute testosterone response to resistance exercise in men.
in women , circulating testosterone concentration also gradually declines until menopause , after which a drastic reduction is found.
a cross-cultural comparison was conducted , and possible reasons for the discrepancy between subjective and chronological ages were examined.
the first objective was to assess whether healthy individuals could accurately estimate their weight-bearing distribution in sit-to-stand transfers.
the second was to evaluate the effect of age on weight-bearing perception.
verbal instructions and visual feedback referring to different percentages of weight-bearing distribution to execute were used to quantify weight-bearing perception in sit-to-stand tasks.
for the feedback approach , the perception was assessed with a visual analog scale.
for the verbal task , the weight-bearing distribution produced was assessed with force plates.
both young and elderly participants had good perception of weight-bearing distribution , with mean absolute errors of @percent@.
moreover , their perceived and real weight-bearing distribution showed good agreement ( icc > or = @number@ ) .
the retirement experience varies , depending on people's circumstances.
health care interventions that use quality of life or health scores often provide data which are skewed and bounded.
the scores are typically formed by adding up numerical responses to a number of questions.
different questions might have different weights , but the scores will be bounded , and are often scaled to the range 0-100.
before and after 2-hour soccer games , hrv and blood pressure were recorded.
it seems that in aged people the accommodation capability of the autonomic nervous system is different from that in middle-aged people.
fall-related fitness was determined from strength , balance , agility , aerobic endurance , muscle mass , and fat mass measures.
bone metabolism was measured using bone density , hormones , and biochemical markers.
fall-related psychological factors included fear of falling and falls efficacy.
a @number@ × @number@ factorial with repeated measures design was used.
results revealed significant changes in upper body strength , leg strength , aerobic endurance , and body composition.
additionally , hormones and biochemical markers changed significantly over time.
trunk fat and fear of falling changed differently among the two groups.
chronic inflammation and associated cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) expression in the colon epithelium are causally related to epithelial carcinogenesis , proliferation , and tumor growth.
however , avns had no effect on cox-2 expression and pge ( @number@ ) production in caco-2 and ht29 colon cancer cells.
thus , avns might reduce colon cancer risk through inhibition of macrophage pge ( @number@ ) production and non-cox-related antiproliferative effects in colon cancer cells.
interestingly , avns had no effect on cell viability of confluence-induced differentiated caco-2 cells , which display the characteristics of normal colonic epithelial cells.
america is entering into a proverbial \ "perfect storm \ " of medication errors.
\ "sandwich moms \ " are likely to bear the brunt of the ravages of this storm.
these are the women who serve multiple roles as caregivers for their children , spouses , and , increasingly , their parents.
we investigated the temporal relationship between lifestyle and mental health among @number@ midlife women.
past alcohol-drinkers had less anxiety than nondrinkers ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
therefore , lifestyle is predictive of mental health among midlife and older women.
an increase in stroop effects with age can be interpreted as reflecting age-related reductions in selective attention , cognitive slowing , or color-vision.
this color manipulation with younger adults was sufficient to lead to an increase in stroop effects that mimics age-effects.
we conclude that age-related changes in color perception can contribute to the differences in stroop effects observed in aging.
finally , we suggest that the clinical applications of stroop take this factor into account.
dsb levels can be obtained either by measuring overall γ-h2ax protein levels in a cell population or by counting γ-h2ax foci in individual nuclei.
total levels can be obtained in extracts of cell populations by immunoblot analysis , and in cell populations by flow cytometry.
these described methods are used in genotoxicity assays of compounds of interest or in analyzing dsb repair after exposure to drugs or radiation.
this chapter presents techniques for γ-h2ax detection in a variety of human and mouse samples.
biomarkers of this assay have been associated with increased risk for accelerated aging , cancer , and neurodegenerative diseases.
this protocol describes the current established methods for buccal cell collection , slide preparation , cellular and nuclear staining , and scoring criteria.
the transcription factor nf-e2-related factor ( nrf2 ) is a key regulator of several enzymatic pathways , including cytoprotective enzymes in highly metabolic organs.
age-related changes in memory cd4 t cells ( cd4 ) are poorly known.
defective proliferative responses to adv ( p = @number@ ) were also observed.
in conclusion , the development of memory cd4 differed in acute adv and persistent cmv infections.
young age seemed to depress mostly polyfunctional ( il2 + ifnγ secreting ) cd4 in both infections.
older patients with hemophilia face many challenges related not only to hemophilia but also to general comorbidity associated with aging.
arthritis and joint disease are common and contribute to disability and pain.
the high prevalence of chronic hcv infection has led to an increased risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.
renal function and urological disorders are a concern in these patients , and issues related to sexuality are an important but often-overlooked issue.
prospective studies are needed to address these challenges so that evidence-based guidance can be given to clinicians who treat older patients with hemophilia.
wild-type transthyretin is inherently an amyloidogenic protein , but its contribution to the formation of amyloid fibrils remains unclear in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients.
our aim in this study was to elucidate the ratio of wild-type transthyretin in amyloid deposits in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients.
abdominal fat amyloid fibrils in @number@ familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients with amyloidogenic transthyretin val30met who had not undergone liver transplantation were examined.
this is the first report showing the relationship between wild-type transthyretin deposition and aging in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients.
neural stem cell properties , such as self-renewal and multipotency , are modulated by both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors.
emerging evidence suggests that energy metabolism is an important regulator of neural stem cell function.
furthermore , these signaling modules are likely to cooperate with other pathways involved in stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
this review summarizes the current understanding of how cellular and systemic energy metabolism regulate neural stem cell fate.
dna methylation patterns can be inherited and influenced by the environment , diet and aging , and disrupted in diseases.
the risk of fracture increases with age due to the decline of bone mass and bone quality.
the results show that neg caused a @percent@ reduction in propagation fracture toughness ( r-curve slope ) .
the combined effects of porosity and ages resulted in an @percent@ reduction in propagation toughness.
these findings are consistent with previous experimental results.
by decoupling the matrix-level effects due to neg and intracortical porosity , we are able to directly determine the effects of neg on fracture toughness.
indeed , there has been little research into the content of any balance training classes.
design : qualitative research approach ( content analysis ) .
method : feldenkrais method awareness through movement lessons were transcribed and the contents were analysed.
an intercoder reliability study was undertaken.
the methodology used in this study may provide a useful model for similar investigations into other balance training approaches.
this study examined age-related alterations in electrocortical indices of performance monitoring in a probabilistic learning situation.
the results showed differences between younger and older adults in the modulation of response- and feedback-related negativities by feedback validity.
this finding might suggest that performance monitoring is more prone to interference by probabilistic information in older adults.
further , the salience of negative feedback seems reduced with age.
uv is a potent factor in skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.
therefore , investigating the inhibiting mechanisms of photoaging would be useful to enable development of agents to slow down the aging process.
coffea arabica leaves were extracted with methanol , and the extract was hydrolyzed with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.
the various concentrations of cae , cah , chlororgenic acid and caffeic acid were subject to mmps and elastase inhibition tests.
the fibroblast was used for collagen synthesis and mmp-1 , @number@ @number@ inhibition tests on herbal extracts.
the results suggest that cae can prevent photo-damage in skin through inhibiting mmp expression and map kinase pathway.
aims : a growing and aging population is associated with an increased incidence of cancer.
advances in radiotherapy technology have changed the way radiation is planned and delivered.
this population-based study documented changes in workload and treatment complexity over a @number@ year period in a canadian province.
we propose new measures of workload and treatment complexity currently used in our centre that can be easily adopted by other cancer centres.
results : workload measured by total new-to-doctor consultations increased @percent@ from @number@ to @number@ ( @percent@ annually , p = 0.0008 ) .
implementation of stereotactic radiosurgery and increased brachytherapy treatments explain much of the increased workload.
the number of fractions per linac patient declined by @percent@ annually ( p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : this population-based study showed that radiation oncology workload increased at faster rates than the population or incidence of cancer.
measures of treatment complexity indicate an increasing investment for each course of linac treatment , but also the adoption of hypofractionated regimens.
these results indicate that radiotherapy manpower requirements cannot be based on population or cancer incidence alone if current technological trends continue.
influenza infection is associated with high rates of complicated illness including pneumonia , heart attacks and strokes in the 65 + population.
in older adults , the goal of vaccination is more realistically targeted to providing clinical protection against disease rather sterilizing immunity.
correlates of clinical protection may not be measured using standard techniques such as antibody titres to predict vaccine efficacy.
the aim of this study was to systematically explore the relationship between these two platelet serotonin parameters in large human population.
methods : psl and full-kinetics of psu were determined on @number@ blood donors ( @number@ males , @number@ females ; 20-67 years ) .
results : the overall correlation coefficient between psl and maximal velocity of psu was highly significant but unexpectedly low ( r = 0.269 ) .
further analyses revealed lack of correlation among females , and variable association among males , depending on the subject age and season of measurements.
highly significant correlations were observed in spring-winter , while association was absent during summer-autumn.
lowering of psl-psu correlation with increased age was also demonstrated , showing modest interrelation among younger men and no interrelation in older population.
by multiple regression analyses season was identified as the only independent predictor of psl-psu relationship.
although serotonin transporter activity plays an important role in determining psl , the observed correlations indicate that other factors may predominate.
the length of surgical incision was @number@ cm.
clinical outcomes were assessed by odi scores and joa questionnaires before and after operation.
operation time , intraoperative blood loss , incision status and complications were recorded.
radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space , postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and the degeneration of adjacent segments.
results : the mean operation time was @number@ minutes , the mean blood loss was @number@ ml and all the incisions were healed primarily.
the follow-up time ranged from @number@ to @number@ months.
the odi scores decreased significantly from @number@ ± @number@ preoperatively to @number@ ± @number@ postoperatively ( p < @number@ ) .
the ventral and dorsal heights of intervertebral disc were significantly higher than those before operation ( p < @number@ ) .
the fusion rate was @percent@.
the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was @percent@.
there were no complications such as secondary scoliosis , screw loosening , internal fixation failure and cage slippage.
conclusions : the minimally invasive tlif through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an effective and convenient method with little surgical trauma.
the mid-term follow up results showed favorable outcomes in patients receiving this surgery.
however , the full potential of stem cell science will only be reached if all possible avenues can be explored and on a worldwide scale.
sixty percent of the reported stem cell studies involved transplantation , of which over three quarters were allogeneic transplants.
a high proportion of the cardiovascular systems articles were on allogeneic transplants in a number of different species , including several autologous studies.
a number of pharmaceutical grade stem cell products have also recently been tested and reported on.
in the last @number@ years , amniotic fluid-derived stem ( afs ) cells have been shown to express embryonic and adult stem cell markers.
these cells can be considered an intermediate stage between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
afs cells have a high renewal capacity and can be expanded for over @number@ doublings without any detectable loss of chromosomal telomere length.
further investigations are also warranted to fully explore the amniotic cells ' potential for adult human disorders.
purpose : prosthesis color production and stability as a result of pore entrapment during mixing has not been investigated for maxillofacial silicone prostheses.
half the specimens in each group were intrinsically pigmented , and the other half remained unpigmented.
color change ( δe ) was measured at the start and end of conditioning.
pore numbers and percentages were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance ( anova ) and dunnett's-t3 post-hoc tests ( p < @number@ ) .
perceptible δe between manual and mechanical mixing techniques were @number@ and @number@ for both unpigmented and pigmented specimens , respectively.
after light aging , mixing method had no effect on δe of unpigmented specimens ( p > @number@ ) .
furthermore , mechanically mixed pigmented specimens showed lower δe ( p < @number@ ) .
for selected skin shade , pores affected the resultant color of prosthesis ( color reproducibility ) .
additionally , silicone pores affected silicone color stability upon service.
clinical significance : in fabricating maxillofacial prostheses , mechanically mixing silicone under vacuum produces pore-free prostheses , tending to enhance their color production and stability.
methods : twenty patients received five treatments each at 3-week intervals.
clinical improvement was evaluated by two blinded physicians who assessed comparative photographs using a four-point scale at baseline and @number@ months after the final treatments.
skin biopsies were performed in five volunteers before treatment and at @number@ months after the final treatment.
results : the mean improvement scores @number@ months after treatment with the 1550- and 1565-nm er : glass lasers were @number@.25±0.62 and @number@.28±0.59 respectively.
histological examination revealed increased epidermal thickening and decreased solar elastosis @number@ months after the final laser treatments.
dermatoscopy and adhesive tape were used to evaluate the appearance and adhesion of surface corneocytes.
transepidermal water loss and conductivity were measured to assess water-handling properties of the sc.
measurements were conducted during the winter.
results : corneocyte detachment observed with dermatoscopy became more prevalent with age and was more severe on the dorsal forearm and in caucasian subjects.
the distribution of the amount of corneocyte removal with adhesive tape increased with age.
the range of values was larger in the dorsal forearm than the upper inner arm and was greater in caucasian subjects than african-american subjects.
minimal changes were observed for water-handling properties.
background : metallothioneins ( mt ) are important antioxidants involved in the ageing process of many tissues and organs.
to our knowledge , the role of mt in skin ageing has not been reported.
objectives : to investigate the expression of mt in ageing skin.
the expression of pcna and ki-67 showed the same trend.
whether mt-i and mt-ii supplementation could inhibit skin ageing , especially photoageing , merits further study.
data were collected as part of a cross-sectional study of disability with @number@ members of a federally recognized tribe using in-person interviewer administered surveys.
results indicated that @percent@ of participants aged @number@ and older and @percent@ aged @number@ and older reported at use.
the results suggest that there is greater at use in this sample than in same-aged adults in national samples.
this greater use may be reflective of a combination of higher disability rates , cultural factors , and greater access to at.
objectives : to directly compare frailty incidence of older mexican american ( ma ) and european american ( ea ) adults.
design : longitudinal , observational cohort study.
setting : socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in san antonio , texas.
covariates were baseline age , sex , socioeconomic status ( ses ) , prefrailty status , diabetes mellitus , and comorbidity.
the adjusted ethnic odds ( ma vs ea ) of incident frailty were estimated using generalized estimating equations.
design : telephone and web-based surveys.
setting : u.s. hospice and pc programs from the national hospice and palliative care organization's program list.
participants : executive directors of @number@ hospice programs , @number@ programs providing hospice and nonhospice pc , and @number@ programs providing nonhospice pc.
measurements : a telephone survey of hospice and pc providers followed by an online survey of programs providing nonhospice pc.
highly rated needs were family information , assistance with caregiver burden , and behavioral symptoms.
strategies critical for success were an interdisciplinary team , collaboration with community organizations , and alternatives to aggressive end-of-life care.
conclusion : almost all hospices and a majority of nonhospice pc programs serve patients with dementia.
objectives : to examine the association between hospitalization and annual changes in body composition and strength in older adults.
design : cohort study.
setting : clinic examinations in pittsburgh , pennsylvania , or memphis , tennessee.
participants : well-functioning adults aged @number@ to @number@ who participated in the health , aging and body composition study.
measurements : hospitalizations were reported at annual clinic visits and in semiannual phone interviews.
in the event of death or reported hospitalization , hospitalizations were adjudicated according to medical record review.
results : dxa assessments followed @number@ hospitalizations.
hospitalization was associated with strength declines in men ( @number@ nm , p = @number@ ) but not in women.
relationships were similar after adjusting for health behaviors and chronic conditions , although the association between hospitalization and strength was attenuated.
conclusion : hospitalization is associated with significant changes in body composition and strength in older persons.
these effects appear particularly important in persons hospitalized for @number@ or more days per year.
objectives : to assess the relationship between rate of change in muscle strength and all-cause mortality.
design : prospective observational study of the causes and course of physical disability.
setting : twelve contiguous zip code areas in baltimore , maryland.
participants : three hundred seven community-dwelling women aged @number@ to @number@ at study baseline.
the associations between declining muscle strength and mortality were assessed using a joint longitudinal and survival model.
our series consisted of @number@ participants aged @number@ and older.
estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) was calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease ( mdrd ) study equation.
the relationship between renal function and 1-year mortality was evaluated using kaplan-meier curves and cox regression analysis including potential confounders.
concealed ckd contributes to profile the elderly patient at greater risk of death after being discharged from acute care medical wards.
if confirmed in broader populations , this finding might have both clinical and epidemiological implications.
the kinetics of the assay where the cell's pt response transforms from linear to nonlinear regime is reported.
in addition , quantitative monitoring was performed by extracting the relevant photothermal parameters from the pt response.
twofold increases in thermal diffusivity and size reduction were found in the linear pt response during cell death.
dermal fibroblasts are responsible for the generation of mechanical forces within their surrounding extracellular matrix and can be potentially targeted by anti-aging ingredients.
investigation of the modulation of fibroblast contraction by these ingredients requires the implementation of three-dimensional in situ imaging methodologies.
we study the fibroblast-induced reorganization of the collagen matrix and quantitatively evaluate the effect of y-27632 , a rhoa-kinase inhibitor , on dermal substitute contraction.
moreover , we show that the inhibitory effects are reversible.
our study demonstrates the relevance of multiphoton microscopy to visualize three-dimensional remodeling of the extracellular matrix induced by fibroblast contraction or other processes.
purpose : elevations in c-reactive protein ( crp ) levels predict metastasis and mortality in a number of malignancies.
however , the impact of non-malignant factors on crp levels in patients with cancer remains unknown.
to address this issue , we conducted an investigation of the national social life , health , and aging project ( nshap ) cohort.
methods : nshap participants with a history of malignancy were included.
results : of the cohort , @percent@ exhibited high-risk crp levels.
on multivariate logistic regression analysis , these variables were also significant predictors of high-risk crp levels.
conclusions : crp remains an important prognostic biomarker in the management of known malignancies.
thiol homeostasis plays an important role in human health and aging by regulation of cellular responses to oxidative stress.
this method integrates both specific and nonspecific approaches toward sensitivity enhancement for artifact-free quantification of labile plasma thiols without complicated sample handling.
increased infections also occurred when older participants did not feel they had religious support from their congregations.
using these findings , gerontological nurses are well positioned to deliver tailored stress management and forgiveness interventions when older adults report increased stress.
regression models were used to examine associations and t tests were used to look at racial differences.
subjects : african american and white adults ages @number@ to @number@ years residing in @number@ predefined census tracts in baltimore , maryland.
african americans had lower mean adequacy ratio scores than whites ( @number@ vs. @number@ ) .
conclusion : education significantly impacted diet quality in the handls sample , but race cannot be discounted.
swallowing disorders are common in the elderly and may become life-threatening when they cause aspiration , inhalation pneumonia , malnutrition or dehydration.
dysphagia and malnutrition go hand in hand and lead to progressive worsening of mobility , immunity and quality of life.
the aging of swallowing , so-called presbyphagia , is still not noticeable by @number@
it becomes clinically relevant from @number@ years onwards , especially during intercurrent and neurodegenerative disease , oncological treatments , or after trauma.
the paper presents major steps of gerontology development in russia.
some results of russian researchers obtained during 2005-2010 have been summarized as well.
special attention is given to the prospects of gerontology in russia.
the control and regulation of stem cells and their niche are remaining challenges for cell therapy and regenerative medicine on several tissues and organs.
these advances are important for both , the basic knowledge of stem cell regulation , and their practical translational applications into clinical medicine.
this article is primarily concerned with the mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) and it reviews the current aspects of their own niche.
ex vivo reproduction of the conditions of the natural stem cell niche , when necessary , would provide success to tissue engineering.
analysis of short-term heart rate variability ( hrv ) may provide useful information about autonomic nervous control of heart rate recovery.
among @number@ patients , @number@ patients ( @number@ men ) were elderly ( age ≥ @number@ years ) .
male gender and hypertension were significantly higher in elderly patients.
the young patients had higher hrr after exercise.
summary : the influence of age and sex steroids on bone density and geometry of the radius was examined in two european caucasian populations.
age-related change in bone density and geometry was observed.
in older men , bioavailable oestradiol may play a role in the maintenance of cortical and trabecular bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
introduction : to examine the effect of age and sex steroids on bone density and geometry of the radius in two european caucasian populations.
total testosterone ( t ) and oestradiol ( e ( @number@ ) ) were measured by mass spectrometry and the free and bioavailable fractions calculated.
peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to scan the radius at distal ( @percent@ ) and midshaft ( @percent@ ) sites.
results : three hundred thirty-nine men from manchester and @number@ from leuven , mean ages @number@ and @number@ years , respectively , participated.
at the @percent@ radius site , trabecular and total volumetric bmd declined with age.
this effect was predominantly in those aged @number@ years and over.
conclusions : there is age-related change in bone density and geometry at the midshaft radius in middle-aged and elderly european men.
in older men bioe ( @number@ ) may maintain cortical and trabecular bmd.
biot may influence bone health through associations with muscle mass and bone area.
the role of hearing threshold differences between groups and the reduced overall stimulus level on the s-abr were also examined.
results : s-abr latencies , amplitudes , and sustained response mean data were obtained for younger adults and older adults.
older adults were found to have significantly smaller c-abrs with longer latencies , despite all latencies falling within normal limits.
the remaining significant s-abr effects were decreased amplitude at the onset and significantly delayed offset responses in the older group.
these effects were different from those of simply decreasing the overall stimulus level , which caused significant shifts in latency across the entire s-abr.
conclusions : results of this study partially supported the hypothesis of age-related differences in neural processing of speech at the brain stem level.
there were also significant reductions in amplitude of the s-abr at the onset.
these results are consistent with a reduction in neural synchrony in older adults to transient components of both speech and nonspeech sounds.
we examined the effect of high frequency tactile stimulation ( thfs ) on tactile and motor performance as well as tactile-motor interactions.
results indicated an improvement in frequency and spatial discrimination in the experimental but not the control group.
in the precision grip task , however , training effects as found for the control group seem to be blocked in the experimental group.
for the manual dexterity task no effect was found.
our data indicate that thfs positively influences tactile performance.
assuming thfs-induced plastic reorganization in somatosensory cortex our results give further evidence to the notion of an interrelation between sensory and motor performance.
adults aged @number@ and older within two counties were recruited ( control n = @number@ intervention n = @number@ ) .
further research is needed on effective methods to deliver multifaceted fall interventions to older adults who are already being served by community health promotion programs.
objective : this study examines the perception , knowledge , and help-seeking tendency toward elder mistreatment among chinese older adults.
method : a community-based participatory research approach was implemented to partner with the chicago's chinese community.
a total of @number@ chinese older adults ( age 60 + ) participated in focus group interviews.
data analysis is based on grounded theory framework.
results : chinese older adults mostly characterized elder mistreatment in terms of caregiver neglect and identified psychological mistreatment as the most serious form of mistreatment.
other forms included financial exploitation , physical mistreatment , and abandonment.
chinese older adults have limited knowledge of help-seeking resources other than seeking assistance from local community service centers.
discussion : this study has important practical implications for health care professionals , social service agencies , and concerned family members.
purpose : the purpose of this study was to quantify the age and race-related differences in the microstructural organization of the human posterior sclera.
such differences may contribute to the predisposition of primary open-angle glaucoma in various high-risk populations.
a light-scattering device was used to investigate the matrix organization of posterior scleral fibers around the onh.
three scleral layers , normalized for depth , were examined.
results : for all ages and both races , fibers were preferentially oriented equatorially at all layers ( p < @number@ ) .
the african americans had a significantly higher percentage of occurrence of meridional fibers than did the caucasians ( p < @number@ ) .
the percentage occurrence of meridional fibers decreased significantly from the inner to the outer layers of the posterior sclera ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : statistically significant microstructural differences were found in the posterior sclera between african american and caucasian donors.
ongoing work is focused on identifying whether such microstructural differences play a role in the higher prevalence of glaucoma in african american populations.
conclusions : the degradation of the small-angle domain of the point-spread function after dsek suggests that aberrations contribute to decreased visual acuity after dsek.
the poorer optical properties of the eye with older recipient age after dsek can be attributed to the retained host cornea.
context : vitamin d receptor ( vdr ) polymorphisms are associated with a variety of diseases , which may translate into an effect on mortality.
objective : to investigate the associations between vdr gene variants and mortality among older people.
design : the analyses were conducted in a population-based , prospective cohort of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam.
adequate dna analysis was performed in @number@ men and women ( ≥65 years ) .
results : during the median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants deceased ( @percent@ ) .
adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels did not affect this hr.
conclusions : the cdx2-gata haplotype @number@ allele was related to increased mortality risk , which may be partly explained by osteoporotic fractures.
as the biological mechanism is uncertain and this study size is limited , our results should be interpreted as hypothesis generating.
background and purpose : automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in research and clinical practice.
manual tracing is still the criterion standard but is time-consuming.
the objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercially available fully automatic software for mr imaging of brain volume assessment.
automatic and expert manual brain volumes were compared.
the manual method has been previously validated and was used as the reference.
agreement between the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by using linear regression and bland-altman plots.
results : there were significant differences between the automatic and manual methods regarding all volumes.
the automatic calculations of brain volumes took approximately @number@ minutes per investigation.
conclusions : the automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessment of brain volumes.
however , the software needs improvement before it is incorporated into research or daily use.
manual segmentation remains the reference method.
as populations in western civilizations are aging , the prevalence of degenerative aortic valve stenosis is increasing.
hence , ct imaging spans a wide range of applications in aortic valve disease , from basic research to diagnosis and treatment planning.
this review aims to summarize the current state of the art concerning imaging of the aortic valve by ct and the potential clinical applications.
six patients were eligible for transfusion at home but only three of them could be treated at home.
moreover , since late @number@ the nursing department no longer allows this practice for legal reasons.
at the same time , a questionnaire was sent to @number@ had to find out about their practice on the subject.
population aging is accelerating rapidly in spain , posing challenges and creating opportunities for the active aging of future generations.
astrocytes become activated in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , contributing to and reinforcing an inflammatory cascade.
this review considers @number@ important astrocytic functions , that when disrupted , can affect neuronal metabolism.
healthy brain aging is characterized by neuronal loss and decline of cognitive function.
neuronal loss is closely associated with microglial activation and postmortem studies have indeed suggested that activated microglia may be present in the aging brain.
microglial activation can be quantified in vivo using ( r ) - [ ( @number@ ) c ] pk11195 and positron emission tomography.
thirty-five healthy subjects ( age range 19-79 years ) were included.
in all subjects 60-minute dynamic ( r ) - [ ( @number@ ) c ] pk11195 scans were acquired.
this indicates that activated microglia appear in several cortical and subcortical areas during healthy aging , suggesting widespread neuronal loss.
standing , walking , and running are sensorimotor tasks that develop during childhood.
thereafter they function automatically as a result of a supraspinal network that controls spinal pattern generators.
in advanced age this multisensory activation was most prominent during standing , less during walking , and least during running.
these findings may indicate a more conscious locomotor and postural strategy in the elderly.
aspects of the physical and temporal environment can optimize and preserve function , or they can impede if not imperil it.
young women aged 15-24 years have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) .
the vulnerability of adolescents is often attributed to risky sexual behaviors , whereas biological factors affecting mucosal immunity are poorly understood.
cervical epithelial types were viewed on colpophotography and measured quantitatively using computerized planimetry.
cytokine levels were measured in cervicovaginal lavage samples by milliplex™ map human cytokine / chemokine multiplex immunoassay.
bivariate box-cox regression models compared cytokine levels between immature and mature groups.
the mean age was @number@ years.
results remained highly significant in the multivariate models.
cytokine profiles in the healthy state may foreshadow differential responses to pathogens.
cervical epithelial type should be measured in clinical studies involving cervicovaginal immune markers.
conclusion : findings from this study support the effectiveness of evidence-based programs for reducing falls-related risks in older women.
such translational research can help to guide the dissemination of additional state-wide health promotion programs for older women.
presence of performance inconsistency during repeated assessments of gait may reflect underlying subclinical disease , and help shed light on the earliest stages of disablement.
our findings support consistency of gait measurements during the earliest stages of disability.
using a retrospective cohort design we analyzed weighted data from 1998-2007 for.
drivers who were ejected , involved in a vehicle rollover , or accompanied by a passenger sitting directly behind them were omitted.
the exposure variable was age and the outcome variables were uei incidence and severity.
associations were adjusted for gender , seat track position , vehicle type , vehicle weight , intrusion , and delta-v.
logistic regressions were performed using sas survey procedures to account for the complex survey design.
overall , @percent@ of drivers sustained an uei.
advancing age was associated with a higher incidence ( p < 0.
@number@ ) and severity ( p < 0.
@number@ ) of uei.
nineteen percent of drivers sustained an uei related to the airbag.
no significant differences in the incidence or severity of airbag-related uei were found between young drivers and older driver age groups.
the degree of severity due to airbag-related uei was generally minor.
the majority of airbag-related uei appeared to shift slightly from abrasions to contusions with aging.
results confirmed previous reports that older head injury victims in motor vehicle collisions were more likely to sustain bleeding injuries than younger head injury victims.
the increase in extra-axial bleeding injury rate was especially prominent in relatively low delta-v crashes.
among the ampa potentiators , s @number@ is emerging as a new selective positive allosteric modulator of ampa-type glutamate receptors.
from these results , s @number@ is expected to treat memory deficits associated with early cerebral aging and neurological diseases in elderly people.
stroke and dementia are closely associated , whether in the form of vascular cognitive impairment or alzheimer's disease.
alzheimer's disease and stroke share very similar risk factor profiles and may be prevented with similar modification programs.
we are dealing with a present and future epidemic that will fundamentally affect health care provision in all high-income countries.
at least @number@ million people worldwide currently have dementia.
dementia prevalence is predicted to double every 20-years : an expected @number@ million in @number@ @number@ million in @number@
the burden of these diseases is considerable when taken with the annual @number@ million people worldwide who will suffer stroke.
there remains a disconnection between the nodes and modes of practice of stroke neurologists and cognitive physicians.
introduction : significant progress has been made in the understanding of physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of human sexual functioning through preclinical research in animal models.
aim : to provide an evidence-based documentation of the experimental models evaluating male and female sexual function for useful clinical translation.
methods : consensus discussion over the past @number@ months leading to summarized views of seven experts from six countries.
the animal models seem indispensable for elucidating the biophysiological and etiopathological aspects of male and female sexual disorders.
the key issue is whether further evaluations are warranted to extrapolate the results in a clinical setting.
calcium ion is a highly versatile cellular messenger.
deep brain stimulation is a neurosurgical therapy for patients with advanced movement disorders ( e.g. , parkinson's disease ) .
this therapy involves the use of a patient controller for home-use.
so far , there are four different patient controllers available on the european market.
however , use and acceptance of the patient controller is relatively low.
the main end-user group is patients above the age of @number@ years.
we suggest strategies to optimize the use and acceptance of these devices , which have already entered the market.
moreover , future directions of deep brain stimulation and the usability of patient controllers are discussed.
diagnosed gout cases have been estimated at @percent@ of the @number@ us population.
the highest incidence occurs in the 65 + year age group , with males more than twice as likely to be afflicted as females.
objective : to present the epidemiology of chronic gout and to discuss its disease burden.
methods : this commentary is based on expert opinion and supplemented with published / presented information identified through pubmed and rheumatology associations.
progression to chronic gout has numerous causes such as poor compliance with , ineffectiveness of , or inability to tolerate prescribed regimens.
despite the availability of urate-lowering therapies ( ult ) , patients may either have contraindications to them or may not adequately respond.
aim : to present alternative stories of ageing that countered the prevailing negative stereotypes of older people by interviewing centenarians about their lives.
method : sixteen healthy u.k. centenarian volunteers were interviewed in their place of residence.
a story draft was produced using the interview recording and verbatim transcript.
findings : centenarians elected to talk about living as independently as possible , their continuing growth and development and their ongoing close relationships.
conclusion : the centenarians present a positive picture of ageing , which counteracts negative stereotypes.
aspects of successful ageing relate to lifestyle and environment.
interest in and interventions for photodamaged skin have dramatically increased over the last few years.
topical retinoids , particularly tretinoin , are the most extensively studied.
they have been shown to attenuate and reverse the signs of photodamage , such as coarse wrinkling.
in addition , the clinical changes achieved with tretinoin are accompanied by histologic evidence of benefit.
the main drawbacks to retinoid use are local irritation and erythema that can limit utility in some patients.
new retinoids and formulations specifically optimized to improve cutaneous tolerability have been introduced.
two case reports of patients using low-concentration tretinoin gel @percent@ for the treatment of photodamaged skin are discussed.
over a relatively short treatment period of @number@ weeks , tretinoin gel @percent@ was shown to provide both chemoprevention and reversal of photodamage.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common heart rhythm disorder , with increasing prevalence in the aging population.
the clinical presentation and evolution of af can be highly variable.
therefore , treatment of af can be challenging in some patients.
friedelin ( @number@ ) , epifriedelanol ( @number@ ) , and catechin-7-o- β-apiofuranoside ( @number@ ) were active in huvecs.
in particular , epifriedelanol ( @number@ ) suppressed adriamycin-induced cellular senescence as well as replicative senescence in hdfs and huvecs.
in cuba , various factors have led to nearly zero population growth and a rapidly aging society.
almost @percent@ of all cubans live in havana , demographically and structurally an aging city.
keywords aging , quality of life , social environment , urban health , housing for the elderly , cuba.
the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex ( sgacc ) presents altered functional connections with other regions of the brain in individuals with depression.
however , the developmental nature of this phenomenon remains largely unexplored.
the sgacc exhibited increased connections with cognitive control regions in healthy children and increased connections with thalamic and parietal regions in the po-mdd group.
a significant correlation between dysregulated emotional behavior and connectivity of the sgacc and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was also found.
the aging eye appears to be at considerable risk from oxidative stress.
a great deal of research indicates that dysfunctional mitochondria are the primary site of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
more than @percent@ of o2 produced during normal metabolism is generated by the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondria are also the major target of ros.
mitochondria-targeted antioxidants might be used to effectively prevent ros-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane in vivo.
conclusions : older recurrent fallers are characterized by increased within-task variability in reaction time and stride length while dual-tasking.
oxidative stress in brain is emerging as a potential causal factor in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
a large body of evidence shows that induction of endogenous antioxidative proteins seems to be a reasonable strategy for delaying the progression of cell injury.
enjoying taste should be one of the greatest pleasures in human life.
however , aging is sometimes associated with decreased taste sensitivity , also known as hypogeusia.
the loss of taste not only affects quality of life , but can also cause weight loss and health problems in the elderly.
our recent study has shown that @percent@ of test subjects over @number@ years of age exhibited hypogeusia.
these data indicate that hyposalivation is closely related to hypogeusia.
moreover , clinical studies have shown that treatment of hyposalivation diminishes hypogeusia , indicating that salivation is essential to maintain normal taste function.
however , many medications for relief of dry mouth , such as parasympathomimetic ( cholinomimetic ) drugs , have serious adverse effects.
palpitation , sweating , nausea , diarrhea and dizziness have all been observed in elderly patients taking parasympathomimetic drugs.
our data suggests that umami is an effective tool for the relief of hypogeusia without the side effects of parasympathomimetic drugs.
reflecting the progressive aging of society , patients with swallowing disorders ( i.e. , dysphagia ) are increasing.
therefore , there is expanding social demand for the development of better rehabilitation treatment of dysphagic patients.
to date , many dysphagia diets have been developed and are available commercially to help bring back the pleasure of mealtimes to dysphagia patients.
however , for the further development of dysphagia diets , new attempts based on new concepts are needed.
one of the possible approaches is to develop dysphagia diets that facilitate swallow initiation.
for this approach , an understanding of the mechanisms of swallow initiation and identification of factors that facilitate or suppress swallow initiation are important.
then we introduce a recently established technique for eliciting swallowing using electrical stimulation in humans and our ongoing studies using this technique.
background : current studies suggest an interaction between vascular mechanisms and neurodegenerative processes that leads to late-onset alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
we tested whether ad pathology was associated with white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) or cerebral infarcts in the oldest old individuals.
results : frontal dwmh were detected in > 50% of the sample.
both frontal pvwmh and dwmh were significantly more extensive in the ad group compared to the na group or the na and borderline groups combined.
further analysis revealed there were a greater number of cerebral infarcts associated with frontal dwmh ( p = @number@ ) but not with frontal pvwmh.
circadian rhythms regulate a wide variety of physiological and metabolic processes.
this marked change in gene expression necessarily implicates a global regulation of chromatin remodeling.
indeed , various descriptive studies have indicated that histone modifications occur at promoters of clock-controlled genes ( ccgs ) in a circadian manner.
importantly , sirt1 is a regulator of aging , inflammation and metabolism.
here we review recent studies that support the existence of this link and discuss their implications for understanding mammalian physiology and pathology.
participants viewed 50 / 50 superimposed face / place images and judged whether the faces were male or female , rendering places perceptible but task-irrelevant.
each stimulus was repeated , allowing us to index dynamic stimulus-driven competition from places.
older adults , however , exhibited both ppa adaptation to places and weak ffa adaptation to faces.
we also probed participants ' associative recognition for face-place pairs post-task.
in a control study , we removed the competing perceptual information to decrease perceptual load.
in addition to rs8752 and rs2612656 , hpgd tagsnps rs9312555 , rs17360144 and rs7349744 were genotyped for haplotype analyses.
subset analyses for colon and rectal cancers yielded similar , yet non-significant risk estimates at all five loci.
also , none of the haplotypes was found to be associated with crc , colon or rectal cancers.
yet , our data do not support the previously reported associations of hpgd tagsnps and risk of crc.
methods : participants from @number@ to @number@ years old watched a video that simultaneously showed a positive and a negative image.
one dispositional emotion regulation strategy , dispositional cognitive reappraisal , was also assessed.
results : in general , older age was related to less percent fixation duration but not to differential pupil dilation toward the negative image.
however , among those with higher dispositional cognitive reappraisal , older age was related to smaller pupil dilation for the negative image.
discussion : findings suggest that whether the age-related positivity effect occurs depends on the matching between cognitive processes and dispositional emotion regulation strategies.
objectives : the current article explores age differences in skill acquisition.
methods : young and older adults performed the noun-pair lookup ( np ) task.
with practice , pairs ( e.g. , ivy-bird ) in a lookup table can be verified by memory rather than by visual search.
results : for standard trials , reported scanning was associated with more table gazes , relative to reported retrieval.
discussion : strategy self-reports in the np task can be considered valid measures of strategy use.
however , unnecessary automatic eye movements that appear to influence older adults ' np task performance cannot be identified by strategy reports alone.
previous research has suggested that infants may have more robust memory for past experiences relative to memory for locations that have been encountered previously.
this assertion , however , primarily results from the comparison of data that were collected using different experimental procedures.
in the present study , we examined memory for events and memory for locations in the context of elicited imitation.
the results indicated that the event memory was retained over lengthier delays relative to the location memory , despite superior encoding of location information.
the possible adaptive significance of long-term memory for events ontogenetically preceding long-term memory for locations is discussed.
the recq helicases are conserved from bacteria to humans and play a critical role in genome stability.
in humans , loss of recq gene function is associated with cancer predisposition and / or premature aging.
networks of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that control cancer cell proliferation also regulate stem cell renewal and possibly stem cell aging.
microarray technology was employed to profile expression of genes related to the identification , growth , and differentiation of stem cells.
mitoq is a ubiquinone derivative targeted to mitochondria which is known to have both antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties within mammalian cells.
previous research has suggested that the age-related increase in oxidative dna damage in t lymphocytes might contribute to their functional decline with age.
the results of this investigation suggest that mitoq may have anti-immunosenescent potential.
objective : optimum outcome for those with psychosis will necessarily involve treatment with antipsychotic medication.
unfortunately this medication is associated with a high rate of adverse effects and as a consequence non-adherence.
maximizing symptomatic relief whilst minimizing side effects is the aim of treatment.
in order to do this adequately prescribers need to be aware of the significant differences between men and women in response to antipsychotic treatment.
these differences are not simply biologically mediated ; both physiological and sociocultural factors contribute.
method : findings from a variety of sources were used to summarize gender differences in antipsychotic treatment.
important ethnic and racial differences are also mentioned.
children , adolescents and the elderly are at especially high risk of adverse reactions with antipsychotics.
in order to optimize outcome in people with psychosis , prescribers should ensure that gender differences are taken into account.
background : as we age , the dynamic balance between gains and losses has been acknowledged by current portrayals of health.
oral health research has yet to fully incorporate such dynamism in understanding the impact of oral disorders on the life of elders.
objective : to explore the existence of alternative views on oral health through values , beliefs and behaviors of older adults.
methods : focus group discussions occurred among @number@ men and women between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years old.
participants were from community and seniors centres and retirement homes.
each discussion lasted for about @number@ minutes and was tape-recorded for verbatim transcription.
data were analyzed systematically and comparatively using a thematic approach to explore the depth of opinions and understandings of oral health and disability.
participants discussed that an edentulous mouth might not always be disruptive to daily functioning for all.
as a result , a full set of new dentures may not always be the ultimate goal.
introduction : in the contemporary u.s. , men and women are living longer and healthier lives.
as such , many people spend greater portions of their lives as sexually active individuals.
yet , little is known about the myriad of ways that older adults experience their sexual lives.
methods : information regarding the sexual experiences of a nationally representative sample of men and women over age @number@ within the past year was examined.
bivariate or ordinal logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship of age , health and partner status to sexual frequency and experience.
when controlling for age , relationship status , and health remained significant predictors of select sexual behaviors.
the participant's evaluation of their most recent sexual experience in terms of arousal , erectile difficulty , and orgasm all declined with age.
health status was related to men's evaluation of the experience.
relationship status was the most consistent predictor of women's evaluation of the experience.
condom use rates remained low for participants across age groups.
conclusion : many older adults continue be sexually active well into advanced age ( 80 + ) .
thus , providers need to be attentive to the diverse sexual health needs of older adults.
while the contribution of no-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation to neurodegenerative diseases seems clear , the mechanisms by which no causes fragmentation are uncertain and controversial.
longitudinal study designs are indispensable for investigating age-related functional change.
there now are well-established methods for addressing missing data in longitudinal studies.
this article describes two state-of-the-art statistical methodologies for addressing missing data in longitudinal research : growth curve analysis and statistical measurement models.
an important challenge in epidemiology is the difficulty in inferring causality from observational studies.
relevant issues are illustrated with examples of unsuccessful and successful trials , with a major emphasis on clinical trials of physical activity in older persons.
the capacity to walk independently is a central component of independent living.
this study hypothesized that a scarcity of available energy induces the decline in customary walking speed with aging and disease.
the main premise is simple : the biochemical processes that maintain life , secure homeostatic equilibrium , and prevent the collapse of health require energy.
if energy becomes deficient , adaptive behaviors develop to conserve energy.
stroke is a major cause of death and serious neurological disability in older adults in the united states today.
the most effective means available for reducing the burden of stroke involves risk factor modification.
given the growing number of older adults at risk for stroke , it is increasingly important to identify health behaviors that can produce significant change.
there is a growing need to examine the effects of these factors on normal cognitive aging.
the natural history of life span cognitive performance and its late-life determinants have been studied from an array of perspectives.
interdisciplinary methods from longitudinal observational studies should be leveraged to enable translational interventions to promote brain longevity.
over the past @number@ decades , there has been considerable progress in the assessment of function and disability in older persons.
tests of physical performance are now routinely included in longitudinal studies to measure functional limitations , which are considered the building blocks of functioning.
cost-effective recruitment of older adult study participants is essential to geriatric research.
because this age group is particularly challenging to recruit , careful planning and ongoing evaluation is important for successful participant recruitment and retention.
a number of participant burdens are unique to the elderly population.
recruitment staff should be trained to understand and assist with the needs of older research volunteers.
addressing these unique participant burdens can ensure successful study participant recruitment and retention in ongoing and future longitudinal studies on aging.
increasing social , economic , and political pressures to reform the u.s. approach to medical care makes change likely.
studies of healthy aging over the entire life spectrum promise valuable normative data for age-specific assessments of health and the setting of realistic health goals.
important areas not addressed to any major degree were healthcare costs and genetics.
longitudinal studies have contributed substantially to understanding of aging and geriatric syndromes.
these efforts have provided a base of knowledge of the critical factors to consider in designing and implementing new longitudinal studies in older adults.
this review highlights some of the major considerations in planning and implementing this type of study.
longitudinal studies can assess change over time and specific disease endpoints.
such projects require multidisciplinary teams with expertise in the many health and contextual factors that must be considered.
study implementation requires careful planning and monitoring to maintain fidelity to the scientific goals.
analysis of longitudinal data requires approaches that account for inevitable missing data.
new studies should take advantage of the experience obtained from longitudinal studies on aging already conducted.
the articles in this supplement are based on a conference held in @date@ sponsored by a grant from the robert wood johnson foundation.
this article is a review and synthesis of the articles in this supplement.
a number of practical suggestions were also drawn from the articles reviewed.
background : adverse reactions to injectable filler may be challenging to treat.
the spectrum of treatment options ranges from immunomodulatory drugs ( e.g. , glucocorticosteroids ) to antibiotics to laser therapy and surgery.
objectives : to assess how adverse reactions were treated and how they processed over time.
six ( @percent@ ) did not receive any treatment.
fifty-one percent of all of the treated participants reported treatment-related adverse reactions.
participants with more severe adverse reactions were more likely to be treated with a combination of drugs and surgery.
in all participants , adverse reactions improved.
conclusion : we certainly need more evidence.
reporting positive and negative treatment outcomes is important to improve our knowledge regarding these reactions.
therefore , registries focusing on adverse reactions to injectable fillers and their treatment should be encouraged.
the authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
the treatment was generally well tolerated and no instances of product migration from the injection site have been reported.
background : effective pain management is an important component of aesthetic procedures.
methods and materials : sixty subjects were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , split-face study of lgp-ha and lgp-ha + l for nlf correction.
subjects assessed pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale ( vas ) .
the mean within-subject vas difference was @number@ mm.
injection-related adverse events occurred at similar frequencies with both products.
slightly higher adverse event rates were observed with fitzpatrick skin type iv for both compounds.
the safety profiles of lgp-ha and lgp-ha + l were similar to each other in all skin types.
conclusion : the addition of lidocaine substantially reduces the pain of lgp-ha injection without altering safety.
lgp-ha and lgp-ha + l were generally well tolerated in all fitzpatrick skin types.
background : facial appearance has profound influence on the first impression that is projected to others.
methods : twenty-two subjects received injections of ha filler into the nlfs.
photographs of the face in a relaxed pose were taken at baseline , optimal correction visit , and @number@ weeks after optimal correction.
three hundred four blinded evaluators completed a survey rating first impression on various measures of success for each photo.
in total , @number@ first impressions were recorded , totaling @number@ individual assessments of first impression.
conclusion : full correction of the nlfs with ha filler significantly and positively influences the first impression an individual projects.
blinded physician evaluators and patient self-evaluators clinically and photographically assessed responses during standard intervals over @number@ months.
furthermore , the median time for return to pretreatment rhytides was @number@ weeks longer in the combination therapy side.
patient assessment also revealed improvement over baseline for the combination therapy at @number@ month.
background : information on fillers and their behavior over time in the different layers of tissue is limited.
ultrasound may be used to visualize these fillers and their surrounding tissue to broaden knowledge.
methods and materials : patients with a history of facial filler treatment were examined using ultrasound in an outpatient setting.
results : seventy-two patients were examined.
hydrophilic fillers were echo visible , whereas tissue-generating fillers , permanent and resorbable , could be detected according to their tissue-generating reaction within the tissue.
filler characteristics such as longevity and reaction within the tissue and complications such as migration and granulomas could be visualized.
the authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
objective : to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a @percent@ polyacrylamide hydrogel in the aesthetic enhancement of nasolabial folds.
the primary efficacy end point was mean change in wrinkle assessment scale ( was ) scores at @number@ months.
the primary safety end point was rate of serious adverse events ( aes ) through @number@ months after treatment.
results : polyacrylamide hydrogel was as effective as nasha , and effectiveness persisted throughout the 12-month follow-up.
treatment-related aes occurred with equal incidence ; most were mild to moderate , transient , and related to injection procedure.
one serious ae ( infection ) was thought to be related to treatment with polyacrylamide hydrogel ; it resolved within @number@ days after appropriate treatment.
conclusion : this @percent@ polyacrylamide hydrogel offers promise as a long-lasting soft tissue filler.
it is well tolerated , as effective as nasha in correction of nasolabial folds , and persistent.
longer evaluation is required to evaluate longer-term safety and demonstrate duration of effect beyond @number@ months.
this background : various scoring techniques prone to subjective interpretation have been used to evaluate soft tissue augmentation of nasolabial folds ( nlfs ) .
objective : to design and validate a reliable wrinkle assessment scoring scale.
a pilot training program ( @number@ investigators ) determined reliability , and a 12-week multicenter survey study validated the ggs scoring method.
results : pilot study inter- and intrarater scoring reliability were high ( weighted kappa scores of @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
interrater weighted kappa scores were @number@ for the irp and @number@ for investigators.
intrarater agreements after repeat testing were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
conclusions : the ggs is a reproducible method of grading the severity of nlf wrinkles.
background : repeat treatments of nonpermanent dermal fillers are used in the long-term treatment of wrinkles and folds and to volumize.
methods and materials : ninety-five of @number@ subjects continued with this optional open-label extension of a split-face , double-blind trial.
all subjects received cpmha in both nlfs at @number@ weeks after treatment in this study and were assessed at weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
touch-ups were allowed for optimal correction.
safety was assessed according to reported adverse events ( aes ) and serum antibody measurement.
the effects persisted in the majority ( ∼80% ) of subjects without repeat treatment for at least one interval of @number@ weeks.
the study filler was well tolerated , with only one related ae ( injection site bruising ) reported.
little potential for immunogenic reactions was identified.
methods : all publications of the two journals were viewed.
only empirical research papers were included.
furthermore , the age range covered was assessed.
results : @number@ % of all studies included information on age.
few studies reported age-specific outcomes.
main focus of research was on adult populations aged @number@ to @number@
only few studies concentrated on children and adolescents.
a change in what is considered normative aging and developmental tasks for certain age groups calls for further research in those age groups.
this article explores the physiological changes in elderly surgical patients and the outcomes achieved after major abdominal surgery.
a coordinated transdisciplinary approach best tackles the complexities encountered in these patients.
chronic mild metabolic acidosis is common among older adults , and limited evidence suggests that it may contribute to insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes.
this analysis was conducted to determine whether bicarbonate supplementation , an alkalinizing treatment , improves insulin sensitivity or glucose control in non-diabetic older adults.
one hundred and fifty three ambulatory , non-diabetic adults aged @number@ years and older were studied.
subjects remained on treatment throughout the 3-month study.
the primary outcome measures were changes in fasting plasma glucose , serum insulin and homa-ir , an index of insulin resistance.
in conclusion , bicarbonate supplementation does not appear to improve insulin sensitivity or glucose control in non-diabetic older adults.
this finding is best explained with a facilitation of these consecutive antisaccades.
background : with the aging population , more elderly patients are being considered for hepatic resection.
we investigated whether advanced age was associated with higher rate and severity of postoperative complications.
primary outcome measures were rates and severity of complications.
secondary outcome measures were length of hospital stay and discharge destination.
univariate analysis was also performed to identify variables associated with higher surgical risk.
results : male-to-female ratio was 43 : 32 in both groups.
there was no mortality in both groups.
the only postoperative age-related morbidity was confusion in the elderly.
median length of hospital stay were @number@ and @number@ days , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
nineteen percent and @percent@ of patients in group e and group y were discharge to rehabilitation facilities , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
univariate analysis showed that preoperative systemic chemotherapy and longer operative time were associated with higher morbidity in the elderly.
conclusions : liver resection can be performed in patients aged ≥70 years as safely as in younger patients.
duration and timing of systemic chemotherapy before liver resection should be optimized to minimize postoperative morbidity.
following a cross-sectional design , scotopic electroretinographic ( erg ) responses to full-field stimuli were recorded from @number@ subjects with a history of preterm birth.
in @number@ of these subjects , dark adapted visual threshold was also measured.
dark adapted visual threshold was measured using a forced-choice preferential procedure.
for s ( rod ) , the deficit from normal for age varied significantly with rop severity but not with age group.
deficits in dark adapted threshold and log σ were correlated in mild but not in severe rop.
the data are evidence that sensitivity of the post-receptor retina improves in those with a history of mild rop.
we speculate that beneficial reorganization of the post-receptor neural circuitry occurs in mild but not in severe rop.
age-related degeneration of intracortical inhibition could underlie declines in cognitive function during senescence.
an increase in basal concentration augmented ambient gaba , increased gaba-mediated inhibitory current , and depressed ongoing-spontaneous activity while still keeping stimulus-evoked activity.
above the resting potential , ongoing-spontaneous activity was predominantly enhanced due to excessive gaba-uptake from the extracellular space by transporters.
below the resting potential , stimulus-evoked activity was predominantly depressed , caused by excessive gaba-release.
gaba transporter may contribute to improving s / n , provided that its reversal potential is close to the resting potential.
in the aging process , upper periorbits can be divided broadly into two groups.
group @number@ is characterized primarily by soft tissue ptosis of the upper eyelid , which requires surgical excision.
currently , structural fat grafting is the only means for adding volume the depleted upper periorbit.
it is , however , an invasive procedure associated with fairly significant morbidities , long downtime , and hence poor patient acceptance.
the average volume required ranged from @number@ to @number@ ml of filler.
despite the relatively small volume required , the upper periorbital aesthetics of the patients were successfully and dramatically transformed.
at this writing , the longest follow-up period has been @number@ years , with the patient still maintaining periorbital volume.
no significant morbidities occurred.
totelvysion kit ( abbott molecular , abbott park , il , usa ) with telomere-specific probes was used.
we investigated the sperm of @number@ male donors aged from @number@ to @number@ years old.
we found that the older patients had a higher rate of structural abnormalities ( @percent@ ) compared with the younger cohort ( @percent@ ) .
background : fall incidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults.
injury incidence , discharge rates , healthcare costs , and quality of life measures were calculated.
falls led to a total healthcare cost of €474.4 million , which represents @percent@ of total healthcare expenses due to injuries.
both admitted and nonadmitted patients reported a reduced quality of life up to @number@ months after the injury.
further implementation of falls prevention strategies is needed to control the burden of fall-related injuries in the aging population.
normal aging of the nervous system is associated with some degree of decline in a number of cognitive functions.
individual neurons in addition show reduced size of dendritic and axonal arborization.
neurons have significant homeostatic control of the essential physiological functions like synaptic excitability , gene expression and metabolic regulation.
deviation in these normal events can have severe consequences as observed in aging and neurodegeneration.
however , these neurons become vulnerable to the stress of excessive metabolic loads associated with spells of ischemia , trauma progressing to neuronal degeneration.
an exaggeration of it could be the clinical manifestation of dementia , with intraneuronal accumulation of protein aggregates deranging the metabolic state.
this review deals with some of the structural , functional and metabolic features of aging nervous system and discusses briefly the functional consequences.
the early life environment can be crucial in influencing the development of an animal's long-term physiology.
muscle protein turnover following resistance exercise and amino acid availability are relatively well described.
by contrast , the beneficial effects of different sources of intact proteins in relation to exercise need further investigation.
our objective was to compare muscle anabolic responses to a single bolus intake of whey or casein after performance of heavy resistance exercise.
blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to measure systemic hormone and amino acid concentrations , tracer enrichments , and myofibrillar protein synthesis.
western blots were used to investigate the akt signaling pathway.
plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acid concentrations increased to a greater extent after ingestion of whey compared with casein.
skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity with respect to its metabolic properties.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is the most common causes of neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly individuals.
clinically , patients initially present with short-term memory loss , subsequently followed by executive dysfunction , confusion , agitation , and behavioral disturbances.
identification of these genes has led to a number of animal models that have been useful to study the pathogenesis underlying ad.
in this article , we provide an overview of the clinical and genetic features of ad.
endothelin ( et ) -1 plays an important pathophysiological role in several vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis.
transgenic mice overexpressing human preproet-1 selectively in the endothelium ( eet-1 ) exhibit vascular injury in the absence of blood pressure elevation.
et-1 overexpression may induce vascular injury by inducing changes in gene expression.
to understand mechanisms whereby et-1 induces vascular damage , vascular gene expression profiling was performed using dna microarrays.
data were analyzed using a relaxed and a stringent statistical approach.
the gene lists were compared and analyzed as well with ingenuity pathway analysis.
the most common change was an increase in the expression of lipid metabolism genes.
context : estimating life expectancy is challenging in advanced dementia , potentially limiting the use of hospice care in these patients.
survival was followed up to @number@ months.
over @number@ months , @number@ residents ( @percent@ ) died.
care provided to these residents should be guided by their goals of care rather than estimated life expectancy.
twenty-two non-demented patients with pd underwent neuropsychological testing and lumbar puncture to collect csf.
social participation is a key determinant of successful and healthy aging and therefore an important emerging intervention goal for health professionals.
despite the interest shown in the concept of social participation over the last decade , there is no agreement on its definition and underlying dimensions.
this paper provides an inventory and content analysis of definitions of social participation in older adults.
based on these results , a taxonomy of social activities is proposed.
then , using activity analysis , we explored the typical contexts , demands and potential meanings of activities ( main dimension ) .
this taxonomy might be useful in pinpointing the focus of future investigations and clarifying dimensions specific to social participation.
background : age remains a robust risk factor for alzheimer's disease as well as other dementias.
the aim of this study was to examine potential associations between exercise and lowering the risk of cognitive impairment.
methods : national long term care survey data were used.
level of exercise participation was measured at baseline ( @number@ ) and cognitive impairment status was measured at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up.
linear regression was performed , controlling for age , sex , education , baseline score on cognitive test , diabetes , and hypertension.
conclusion : study results from national long term care survey data provide evidence supporting the potential for exercise to lower the risk of dementia.
design : a total of @number@ volunteers participated in this study.
the degree of knee pain was quantified by visual analogue scale ( vas ) and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score ( koos ) pain.
in addition , the correlation between serum ha level and the degree of knee pain was analyzed in each group.
serum ha level correlated with vas of knee pain and / or koos pain in the normal and moderate groups.
conclusion : serum ha level has the potential to be useful for the diagnosis of the presence and severity of knee oa.
however , the mechanisms by which dac induces antiproliferation via these processes and how they are interconnected remain unclear.
in addition , cells showed a marked increase in cell size in both cell lines and a more adhesive cell profile for meg-01.
furthermore , dac treatment induced cellular senescence and autophagy as shown by β-galactosidase staining and by autophagosome formation , respectively.
after prolonged dac treatment , phosphatidyl serine exposure , nuclear morphology analysis , and caspase cleavage revealed an activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in cml cells.
this activation was accompanied by a decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins and an increase of calpain activity.
we therefore conclude that induction of differentiation , senescence , and autophagy in cml are a key in cell sensitization and dac-induced apoptosis.
in the anglo-saxon scientific literature , successful aging has been consolidated during the last four decades.
nevertheless , several terms have been used as synonymous : healthy , active , productive , optimal , positive aging.
also , in spite of the fact that authors consider that determinants might be multi-domain , empirical research usually reduces them to life styles.
background : multimorbidity has been suggested to be associated with a variety of negative health-related outcomes.
the present study was designed to evaluate the association between multimorbidity and subjective memory complaints.
results : multimorbidity was indeed related to subjective memory complaints.
the association between multimorbidity and subjective memory complaints was positively influenced by age.
moreover , multimorbidity was related to the degree of worrying about memory complaints in people who perceived themselves as forgetful.
multimorbidity was also associated with reporting a larger increase in these subjective memory complaints during the past year.
in this latter case , multimorbidity had more prognostic capability in men than in women.
psychological distress was related to all three subjective memory-related outcome measures.
conclusions : in our sample , which was representative of the dutch population , multimorbidity was associated with subjective memory complaints.
the relationship between multimorbidity and subjective memory complaints differed between men and women and between age groups.
gamma-aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) is thought to play a major role in the neurobiology of depression.
however , it is unclear whether there is an effect on gaba neuronal subpopulations in an elderly depressed cohort.
results : the study found a reduction in parvalbumin immunostaining in layer @number@ ( p = @number@ ) of the dlfpc in elderly depressed patients.
however , no significant changes were found in parvalbumin or calretinin immunostaining in the any other layer of the dlpfc in elderly depressed patients.
this may help to develop strategies to improve the quality of care that senior citizens receive from their gp.
methods : semi-structured interviews ( n = @number@ ) with senior citizens ( 65-91 years ) in a judgement sample were recorded and transcribed verbatim.
the analysis was conducted according to qualitative research methodology and the frame work method.
accessibility by phone did not meet the expectations of the interviewees.
the interviewees had difficulties with the gp out-of-office hours services.
spontaneous home visits were appreciated by some , but rejected by others.
they preferred to receive verbal information rather than collecting information from leaflets.
distance to the practice and continuity of caregiver seemed to conflict for respondents.
conclusions : preferences change in the process of ageing and growing health problems.
gps and their co-workers should be also aware of the changing needs of the elderly regarding non-medical attributes of gp care.
meeting their needs regarding non-medical attributes of primary health care is important to improve the quality of care.
objective : determine if the multidimensional pain-related experience differs between cognitively intact and impaired older adults.
design : cross-sectional analysis of the canadian study of health and aging.
setting : community-dwelling older adults.
outcome measures : pain reports were dichotomized from a 5-point scale into no / very mild vs moderate and greater.
five self-rated instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) were dichotomized into no impairment vs any impairment.
self-rated health was dichotomized into very good / pretty good and not too good / poor / very poor.
additional covariates included demographics and co-morbidities.
conclusions : pain self-report in both cognitively intact and impaired community-dwelling persons is associated with a similar multidimensional experience.
these findings confirm the need for comprehensive evaluation of pain and related outcomes in all older adults , with appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management.
background : multiple nonablative skin rejuvenation techniques have been used to improve facial aging.
objective : to compare rejuvenation efficiency of intense pulsed light ( ipl ) with nonablative @number@ , 064-nm q-switched laser in asian patients.
materials & methods : twelve female subjects were enrolled and received five sessions of treatments at 2-week intervals.
results : all assessments showed significant skin rejuvenation.
for the improvement of skin texture , pore size , and sebum secretion , similar efficiency from laser and ipl was observed.
the laser gradually lightened the skin tone and macula and was ultimately more efficient than the ipl after five treatments.
ipl was faster , but nonablative @number@ , 064-nm q-switched laser was more effective in improving skin tone and macula.
background : healthy ageing is an increasingly important public health target globally.
changes in technology offer the opportunity for e-health promotion as a means of educating populations and healthcare staff to meet public health targets.
methods : computer-assisted instruction was developed and tested systematically in four phases during @number@ and these are outlined.
phase @number@ consisted of topic and content identification using a literature review.
phase @number@ comprised refinement of the content using an academic panel of experts.
phase @number@ consisted of testing for content validity , and writing a computer-assisted instruction manual and testing it for user difficulty and satisfaction.
results : the data from each phase informed the development and refinement of the computer-assisted instruction.
content validity was confirmed and ' test ' users reported few difficulties in its use and high satisfaction.
conclusion : this e-health promotion initiative is an example of how computer-assisted instruction may be developed to teach carers of older people.
background and aims : metabolic syndrome has been reported to have adverse effects on cognition although the results are conflicting.
metabolic syndrome data were assessed at an invited visit and metabolic syndrome was defined by the national cholesterol education program's adult treatment panel-iii criteria.
associations between cognitive performance and metabolic syndrome were explored using linear regression.
analysis of the individual metabolic syndrome factors , however , revealed an inverse association between the level of glucose and cognitive performance.
conclusions : metabolic syndrome was not associated with cognitive impairment in this population.
many experimental in vivo studies have indicated that schwann cells are key facilitators of peripheral nerve regeneration but their clinical therapeutic potential may be limited.
recent advances suggest that stem cell therapy could one day be used to treat nerve traumas.
here , we describe a stepwise approach towards this , moving from traditional two-dimensional non-contact co-cultures to new three-dimensional models utilising fibrin matrices.
background : besides tumor characteristics , colorectal cancer ( crc ) outcomes are also determined by host factors , in particular the systemic inflammatory response.
the basis of this relationship with survival is not known ; however , systemic inflammation may reflect comorbidity.
the present study examines relationships between host factors ( including age , comorbidity , deprivation , and systemic inflammation ) and survival in crc.
methods : a total of @number@ patients underwent curative elective crc resection between @number@ and @number@
smoking and deprivation related to increasing comorbidity ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : comorbidity does not fully explain the relationship between the mgps and cancer-specific survival in crc patients.
furthermore , comorbidity , in particular that measured by the lcri , is an important independent indicator of cancer survival.
celiac disease ( cd ) is an inflammatory disorder associated with an increased risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma.
recent studies have demonstrated aberrant cpg island methylation ( cim ) in chronic inflammation , aging and cancer.
we hypothesized that cim may link cd to small bowel carcinogenesis.
the results were compared to those of small bowel mucosa from cd patients without carcinoma and @number@ small bowel carcinomas from a non-cd origin.
this phenotype was noted in only @number@ of the @number@ investigated non-cd-associated carcinomas.
low-level cim was already detectable in @number@ of the @number@ non-neoplastic mucosa samples of cd patients and in non-cd-associated carcinomas of elderly patients.
the data further suggest that cd should be considered in patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma , particularly when the tumors display msi.
many genetic forms of cataract have been described in mice and other animal models.
background : diurnal behavior in humans is governed by the period length of a circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the brain hypothalamus.
nevertheless , the cell-intrinsic mechanism of this clock is present in most cells of the body.
fibroblast period length was measured via cyclical expression of a lentivirally delivered circadian reporter.
within each group , a positive linear correlation was observed between circadian period length in physiology and in fibroblast gene expression.
interestingly , although blind individuals showed on average the same fibroblast clock properties as sighted ones , their physiological periods were significantly longer.
tissue factor ( tf ) is the primary initiator of blood coagulation.
amd , the leading cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly , involves many genetic and environmental risk factors , including oxidative stress and inflammation.
total rna was extracted from tissue samples and further analyzed by real-time rt-pcr.
immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate tf protein expression.
in the human retina , a 32-fold increase of tf mrna expression was detected in amd macular lesions compared with normal maculae.
tf protein expression was also enhanced in human amd maculae.
tf expression level correlated with age in both wild-type and dko mice.
lps treatment consistently increased tf transcript and protein expression.
h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) alone or in combination with lps also moderately enhanced tf expression.
lower eyelid prominence occurs as an aging process.
however , actual occurrence of excessive intraorbital fat herniation is still controversial.
a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) were evaluated , and volumes of of and iorf were measured.
of and iorf volumes increased until the @number@ years of age , and then decreased in both male and female groups.
iorf / of ratio increased with age , and , unlike fat volume , there was no decline after @number@ years of age.
increase of orbital fat volume contributed to lower eyelid prominence.
background and aims : a close relationship exists between dual-task ( dt ) -related gait changes and the risk of falling in the elderly.
however , the impact of dt training on the incidence of falls in the elderly remains unclear.
we aimed to evaluate the effects of a seated stepping exercise in dt conditions to improve walking ability in community-dwelling elderly.
methods : this was a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) in community-dwelling elderly in japan.
all participants received @number@ min group training sessions , once a week for @number@ weeks.
conclusions : this rct suggests that the seated stepping exercise is more effective at improving ambulatory function in dt conditions than in st conditions.
background / aim : the adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin represent a critical link between metabolism , immunity and chronic inflammation.
a chronic vascular inflammatory state plays an important role in the pathophysiology of thalassaemia.
we aimed to analyze the levels of these adipocytokines and determine any possible correlations with disease severity or vascular inflammation markers in beta-thalassaemia.
leptin , but not adiponectin , was negatively correlated with ferritin ( p = @number@ r = @number@ ) .
no correlations were found between leptin and the inflammation markers.
however , adiponectin was positively correlated with endothelin-1 ( p = @number@ r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : serum leptin is low in beta-thalassaemia , perhaps due to the toxic effect of iron overload on adipose tissue.
paradoxically , adiponectin levels are high and positively correlated with endothelin-1 , raising questions about the pro- or anti-inflammatory role of this adipocytokine in beta-thalassaemia.
background : loss of balance confidence is a frequent condition that affects 20-75% of community-dwelling older persons.
although a recent fall is a common trigger , loss of balance confidence also appears independent of previous experience with falls.
maintaining or improving balance confidence is important to avoid unnecessary , self-imposed restrictions of activity and subsequent disability.
however , more complex interventions have also been developed and tested to achieve more sustained improvement in balance confidence.
objectives : this review describes interventions that have been tested to improve balance confidence in older community-dwelling persons.
interventions were classified as those directly aimed at increasing balance confidence or not , and further stratified into those using monofactorial or multifactorial approaches.
results : a total of @number@ randomized controlled trials were identified.
five of the @number@ interventions that directly targeted balance confidence showed benefits.
among those , multicomponent behavioral group interventions provided the most robust evidence of benefits in improving balance confidence and in decreasing activity avoidance.
interventions that targeted elderly persons reporting poor balance confidence and / or those at risk for falls seemed more likely to be beneficial.
conclusions : positive and sometimes sustained improvement in balance confidence can be achieved by various interventions among community-dwelling elderly persons.
to date , however , no longitudinal studies have evaluated body composition using tbk in aging healthy adults.
the purpose of this study was to assess tbk and bcm in healthy men over a 21-year period , and to evaluate changes with age.
bcm was calculated from tbk by using this formula : bcm ( kg ) = @number@ × tbk ( mmol ) .
bcm summaries were tested to determine if any was a good predictor of bmi after age @number@
results : sixty-one ( @percent@ ) of the participants developed ad.
background : the epidemiology of pain during the last years of life has not been well described.
objective : to describe the prevalence and correlates of pain during the last @number@ years of life.
design : observational study.
data from participants who died while enrolled in the health and retirement study were analyzed.
the survey interview closest to death was used.
setting : the health and retirement study , a nationally representative survey of community-living older adults ( @number@ to @number@ ) .
participants : older adult decedents.
results : the sample included @number@ decedents.
the adjusted prevalence of pain @number@ months before death was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci , @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
arthritis is strongly associated with pain at the end of life.
canes and walkers are commonly characterized as assistive devices that serve the same purpose : as walking aides.
the purpose was to describe the phenomena of negotiating reliance on canes and walkers as walking devices and the lifeworld context underlying each phenomenon.
relative to lifeworld , there were differences between coming to terms with using a cane and coming to terms with using a walker.
data revealed similarities and distinctions between the basic intentions of relying on canes and walkers and the associated purposes served by canes and walkers.
participants did not view either device as consistently assistive.
in both age groups , anti-pps iga or igm antibody levels were much lower than anti-pps igg antibody levels.
young adults showed higher opsonic capacities than older adults for serotypes @number@ and 23f.
however , there was no significant difference between the two age groups when iga antibody was removed.
pregnant women are susceptible to plasmodium falciparum parasites that sequester in the placenta.
the massive accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the placenta has been suggested to trigger the deleterious effects of malaria in pregnant women and their offspring.
the risk of malaria is also high during the postpartum period , although mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not known.
fifty-seven out of @number@ ( @percent@ ) women were infected postpartum as assessed by qpcr , whereas prevalence by optical microscopy was only @percent@.
these results suggest that parasites infecting pregnant women persist after delivery and increase the risk of malaria during the postpartum period.
interventions that reduce malaria during pregnancy may translate into a lower risk of postpartum infection.
arterial stiffness increases with age and in coronary artery disease.
an in vivo clinical method to characterise arterial stiffness of the central microcirculation was developed.
two segments of a retinal artery were measured simultaneously.
the distance between the segments was measured using retinal photographs.
the data were filtered and analysed using signal analysis methods in order to calculate pwv in the assessed retinal artery ( rpwv ) .
conclusions : this study demonstrates a higher rpwv in elderly people than in young people.
therefore this new parameter resembles large artery pwv.
this suggests that dynamic in vivo imaging of the central microcirculation enables the measurement of local microvascular stiffness with a commercially available medical device.
δ40p53 is a transactivation-deficient isoform of the tumor suppressor p53.
by altering the dose of δ40p53 in escs , we identified a critical role for this isoform in maintaining the esc state.
the primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of sensory nerves in this age-related change.
a secondary aim was to investigate the effect of aerobic fitness on sensory nerve-mediated vasodilatation in young and aged skin.
one site was pretreated with topical anaesthetic cream to block local sensory nerve function.
sensory nerve blockade abolished these differences among the groups ( p > @number@ ) .
the contribution of sensory nerve-mediated vasodilatation was lower in the older untrained group compared with all other groups ( p < @number@ ) .
our results suggest that the age-related decline in the rapid vasodilator response to local heating in human skin is explained by diminished sensory nerve-mediated vasodilatation.
these findings also indicate that this age-related change can be prevented through participation in regular aerobic exercise.
objective : this article examines the predictors of body satisfaction among older men and women.
women ( n = @number@ ) were on average @number@ ± @number@ years old , and men @number@ ± @number@ years old.
regarding satisfaction with body functioning , functional limitations were women's most important predictor of satisfaction , whereas for men body appearance was more important.
discussion : men seemed to link satisfaction with body appearance more closely to body functioning than did women.
gender differences suggest that interventions to improve body satisfaction must be gender specific , particularly those relating to body functioning.
objective : this study examines and compares respondent , interviewer , and physician ratings of overall health.
method : data are from the @number@ social environment and biomarkers of aging study , a nationally representative survey of older adults in taiwan.
ordered probit models are used to examine factors associated with self- and external assessments of health and discordant health ratings.
results : our results suggest similarities and differences in factors influencing health ratings across evaluators but a high level of interevaluator disagreement in ratings.
discussion : interviewer and physician assessments may be complementary to self-assessed health measures.
the importance and implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is the most common hereditary and systemic disorder associated with various cardiovascular complications.
it has been implicated with dysfunction in primary cilia.
we and others have shown that the immediate function of endothelial cilia is to sense extracellular signal.
the long-term function of cilia is hypothesized to regulate cell cycle.
here , we show that ciliary function ( polycystins ) and structure ( polaris ) are required for proper cellular division.
cilia mutant cells undergo abnormal cell division with apparent defects in mitotic spindle formation , cellular spindle assembly checkpoint and centrosome amplification.
down-regulation of the chromosomal passenger survivin contributes to these abnormalities , which further result in cell polyploidy.
re-expression of survivin restores a competent spindle assembly checkpoint and reduces polyploidy.
aged animals show a more severe phenotype in cellular division , consistent with progression of cardiovascular complications seen in older adpkd patients.
for the first time , we show that structure and function of mechanosensory cilia are crucial in maintaining proper cellular proliferation.
furthermore , developmental aging plays a crucial role in the progression of these abnormal cellular phenotypes.
objectives : to examine antecedent-consequent relations of perceived control to health and social support across adulthood and old age.
results : analyses revealed evidence for direct and independent multidirectional accounts.
greater initial control predicted weaker declines in health and stronger increases in support.
in turn , increases in control were predicted by better initial health and more support.
we found only small sociodemographic differences across age , gender , and education group.
this study examined the weight transfer ability of elderly individuals during unconstrained standing ( for @number@ min ) in comparison to young adults.
we calculated the odds ratios ( ors ) for cad risk and measured serum pufa composition and lipid peroxide.
in the control group , 174537t carriers had significantly lower levels of total- and ldl-cholesterol , malondialdehyde , and ox-ldl.
in cad patients , rs174537t carriers showed a larger ldl particle size than g / g subjects.
thirty-seven elders who live by their traditions participated in the present study.
they assisted in the refinement of the methodology and collections and preparation of these data.
these participants are well-respected , representative elders and traditional healers of their regions.
these elders demonstrate a relatively comprehensive but simple set of practices that can enhance our vitality and promote longevity sustainably.
it is widely accepted that age-related changes in lens stiffness are significant for the development of presbyopia.
one contributing factor to this uncertainty is the paucity and variability of experimental data on lens stiffness.
the available published data generally indicate that stiffness varies spatially within the lens and that stiffness parameters tend to increase with age.
however , considerable differences exist between these published data sets , both qualitatively and quantitatively.
these new procedures have been developed in an attempt to eliminate , or at least substantially reduce , various systematic errors in fisher's original experiment.
an automatic imaging system is used to capture the outline of the lens , while it is rotating , at pre-determined angular orientations.
these images are used to quantify the deformations developed in the lens as a consequence of the centripetal forces induced by the rotation.
a numerical optimisation procedure is used to determine the stiffness parameters that provide a best fit between the finite element model and the experimental data.
sample results are presented for a human lens of age @number@ years.
background : sedentary lifestyle combined with smoking , contributes to the development of a set of chronic diseases and to accelerating the course of aging.
the aim of the study was to compare the hemodynamic and nutritional parameters between elderly persons practicing regular physical activity , nonsmokers and ex-smokers.
the paired t-test and t-test for independent samples were applied in the intragroup and intergroup analysis , respectively.
in both groups the variables studied were within the limits of normality for the age.
hr was diminished in the nonsmoker group in comparison with the ex-smoker group ( p = @number@ ) between the first and last evaluation.
there are no significant differences between the hemodynamic and nutritional conditions in both groups.
znf804a , encoding the transcription factor zinc-finger protein 804a , is a genome-wide supported psychosis gene associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
however , only little information is available on the role of znf804a regarding the cognitive phenotype of psychosis.
in contrast , rs1344706 was not related to alerting and orienting.
the metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly prevalent in the general population and carries significant incremental morbidity and mortality.
it is associated with multi-organ involvement and increased all-cause mortality , resembling a precocious aging process.
the mechanisms that account for this phenomenon are incompletely known , but it is becoming clear that longevity genes might be involved.
these genes integrate longevity pathways and metabolic signals in a complex interplay in which lifespan appears to be strictly dependent on substrate and energy bioavailability.
the model described in this viewpoint article is therefore likely to be an oversimplification.
nevertheless , it represents one starting platform for understanding cell biology of lifespan in relation to the metabolic syndrome.
moreover , substantial differences seem to exist between the neurogenic niche of the lv between rodents and humans.
moreover , we demonstrate significant differences in the activity of neurogenesis in the adult marmoset brain compared to the adult mouse brain.
rationale , aims and objectives : departments of emergency medicine ( dem ) have experienced increased demand largely because of the aging population.
while the acp-managed group demonstrated a significantly greater length of stay than the control group , some confounding was likely.
the acp demonstrated greater vigilance than usual care in ensuring completeness and accuracy in charted medication orders.
qualitative data were strongly supportive , valuing and accepting of the acp role.
conclusions : this study provides evidence , on balance , supporting the integration of an acp in the dem assessing elderly patients.
further research of this role using longer sampling , in multiple sites and with economic analysis is recommended.
we examined whether or not the usct changes its histological architecture by vaginal delivery in correlation with the levels @number@ and @number@ supportive tissues.
results : the usct was evident as a string-like tissue structure in multiparous women or a thick mesh in nuliparous women.
it consistently contained fewer elastic and smooth muscle fibers than other levels.
in contrast , the atfp usually contained abundant elastic fibers and smooth muscle.
likewise , the pm also displayed a constant morphology.
background : ablative fractional photothermolysis ( afp ) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of photoaging.
materials and methods : treatment was administered using an afp device and assessed photographically @number@ months after treatment by a blinded physician.
ultrasound measurements evaluated skin thickness and subepidermal low echogenic band thickness ( sleb ) , the portion of the papillary dermis filled with solar elastosis.
conclusions : in this pilot study , afp improved pigmentary and textural components of photoaged skin.
background : the fatty tissue of the face is divided into compartments.
the structures delimiting these compartments help shape the face , are involved in aging , and are encountered during surgical procedures.
objective : to study the border between the lateral-temporal and the middle cheek fat compartments of the face.
methods & materials : we studied @number@ human cadaver heads with gross dissections and macroscopic and histological sections.
gelatin was injected into the subcutaneous tissues of @number@ heads.
results : a sheet of connective tissue , comparable to a septum , was consistently found between the lateral-temporal and the middle compartments.
we call this structure the septum subcutaneum parotideomassetericum.
conclusion : there is a distinct septum between the lateral-temporal and the middle fat compartments of the face.
data sources : selected research and clinical articles.
in addition , several peer-reviewed , refereed medical and dental journals were consulted.
conclusions : oral bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed by nps for postmenopausal females with the diagnosis of osteoporosis to arrest bone loss and preserve bone density.
aging of the population and improvements in diabetes therapy have led to an increased number of older pancreas transplant candidates.
pt in selected patients aged ≥ @number@ years resulted in survival comparable with that of younger patients.
in conclusion , advanced age should no longer be considered as an exclusion criterion for pt.
however , good medical assessment and careful patient selection are necessary.
background / objectives : one phenomenon of skin aging is loss of cutaneous elasticity.
measurement of cutaneous resonance running time ( crrt ) is a method to assess skin elasticity.
yet , information regarding the directional changes of crrt associated with age , body sites and gender is not yet available.
in the present study , we assessed whether changes in crrt vary with age , body sites and gender in a normal chinese population.
results : with aging , crrts decreased in all directions on the hand , the forehead and the canthus.
a more dramatic reduction in crrts on the forehead and the canthus was observed in both the 2-8 and the 3-9 o'clock directions.
crrts in males aged 11-20 years were longer than those in females in some directions on all three body sites.
females aged between @number@ years and @number@ years showed longer crrts than males in some directions of the hand.
there were no gender differences in subjects aged 0-10 ( except on the canthus ) and those over @number@ years old.
conclusion : crrts vary with age , body sites and gender.
young adults performed more accurately , albeit not significantly so.
p1 latency was shorter in young adults and correlated negatively with task accuracy ( with age partialed out ) .
these data support proposals that p1 indexes attentional suppression , which is less efficient in older adults.
n1 was larger in older adults but did not correlate with accuracy.
we report here that a53t α-synuclein mice exhibit greater susceptibility to paraquat.
increased oral intake of iron in the neonatal period leads to a progressive age-related enhancement of dopaminergic neurodegeneration associated with paraquat neurotoxicity.
furthermore , neurodegeneration associated with these combined genetic and environmental risk factors could be attenuated by systemic treatment with the bioavailable antioxidant compound euk-189.
aim : mirror movements are a transient phenomenon during childhood , which decrease in intensity with motor development.
an increasing inhibitory competence resulting in the ability of movement lateralization is thought to be the underlying mechanism.
initially , there was a steep decline in the mirror-movement ratio during childhood and adolescence , followed by a gradual rise during adulthood.
males had lower mirror-movement ratios than females.
the high-frequency condition triggered lower mirror-movement ratios.
no significant differences of mirror movements between dominant and non-dominant hand , or left- and right-handed participants , were found.
medical students underestimate the health and functional status of community-dwelling older adults and have little experience in health promotion interviewing or prescribing physical activity.
students engaged in one-on-one conversations with healthy older adult mentors and practiced assessment , interviewing and prescription counseling for physical activity and social support.
this 2-hour mandatory interactive educational offering improved student attitudes and knowledge about healthy aging and provided hands-on health promotion counseling experience.
objective : there is increasing evidence suggesting that low total testosterone concentration is associated with incident type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) in men.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total testosterone and incident t2dm in a large population-based cohort.
methods : of @number@ men at baseline , @number@ were followed up @number@ years later.
to evaluate for potential non-response bias , drop out weights were used in sensitivity analysis.
results : from @number@ men eligible for analyses , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed t2dm.
recalculated weighted models revealed almost identical estimates indicating no relevant non-response bias.
this underlines the importance of measuring total testosterone in men as the predominant male sex hormone.
two experiments examined how 10- and 12-year-old children and adults intercept moving gaps while bicycling in an immersive virtual environment.
participants rode an actual bicycle along a virtual roadway.
at @number@ test intersections , participants attempted to pass through a gap between @number@ moving , car-sized blocks without stopping.
the blocks were timed such that it was sometimes necessary for participants to adjust their speed in order to pass through the gap.
we manipulated available visual information by presenting the target blocks in isolation in experiment @number@ and in streams of blocks in experiment @number@
in both experiments , adults had more time to spare than did children.
both groups had more time to spare when they were required to slow down than when they were required to speed up.
people from asian cultures are more influenced by context in their visual processing than people from western cultures.
in this study , we examined how these cultural differences in context processing affect how people interpret facial emotions.
in contrast , among older adults , neither koreans nor americans showed significant influences of context in their face emotion ratings.
these age differences in the valence of memory were consistent across culture.
pi has been reduced in verbal tasks and performance increased by presenting distinctive items across trials.
method : forty-eight healthy older adults ( age range = 60-77 years ) completed @number@ of @number@ versions of a computerized corsi block test.
in the third version , visually distinct trials were presented in a reverse order of presentation ( longest set size first ) .
however , combining distinct trials and a descending format proved no more beneficial than administering the descending format alone.
development does not take place in isolation and is often interrelated with close others such as marital partners.
latent growth curve models revealed sizeable spousal similarities not only in levels of happiness but also in how happiness changed over time.
these spousal interrelations were considerably larger in size than those found among random pairs of women and men from the same sample.
savi provides a testable model to understand the literature on emotion and aging and to predict trajectories of emotional experience across the adult life span.
selective attention requires the ability to focus on relevant information and to ignore irrelevant information.
this distinct pattern of age-related changes in selective attention may be linked to the reliance of the visual and auditory modalities on different filtering mechanisms.
distractors presented through the auditory modality can be filtered at both central and peripheral neurocognitive levels.
we propose the hypothesis that age-related distractibility is modality dependent , a notion that might need to be incorporated in current theories of cognitive aging.
ultimately , this might lead to a more accurate account for the mixed pattern of impaired and preserved selective attention found in advancing age.
malignant melanoma ( mm ) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
the mm-related incidence and mortality have been increasing at an alarming rate over at least the past four decades.
malignant melanoma has been thought to be related mainly to exposure to the sun or uv radiation.
discrepant findings are reported by independent studies concluding that mm is causally related to employment-related chemical exposures and to investigators with industry affiliations.
more studies are needed to define a correlation of chemical exposure as a co-factor on the pathogenesis in some melanoma patients.
collecting the data and results from the questionnaire will help us understand the initiation events in melanoma and prevention health issues.
methods : cognitive performance was assessed in @number@ visually normal , community-dwelling older adults ( mean = @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
distance high-contrast visual acuity and pelli-robson letter contrast sensitivity were also assessed for all three visual conditions.
results : simulated cataract significantly impaired performance across all cognitive test performance measures.
in addition , the impact of simulated cataract was significantly greater in this older cohort than in a younger cohort previously investigated.
individual differences in contrast sensitivity better predicted cognitive test performance than did visual acuity.
conclusions : visual impairment can lead to slowing of cognitive performance in older adults ; these effects are greater than those observed in younger participants.
this has important implications for neuropsychological testing of older populations who have a high prevalence of cataract.
methods : thirty-eight postmenopausal women ( mean age , @number@ y ) not taking ht participated in the study.
the control group consisted of @number@ premenopausal women ( mean age , @number@ y ) .
results : postmenopausal women showed a good overall vocal quality , with a dysphonia severity index value of @number@
however , when controlling for age , only phonation quotient and f0 during reading were significantly lower in the group of postmenopausal women.
for the perceptual evaluation , significant differences in grade of dysphonia , breathiness , and strained vocal quality were found.
conclusions : postmenopausal women not taking ht had a good overall vocal quality.
however , in comparison with premenopausal women , they showed a lower habitual f0 in continuous speech.
widespread vascular calcification is a ubiquitous feature of aging and is prevalent in association with several atherosclerotic diseases.
recently , statins have been extensively investigated as potential therapeutic agents capable of slowing the progression of vascular and valvular calcification.
however , accumulating recent evidences show that there are conflicting data regarding beneficial effects of statins on progression of cardiovascular calcification.
in particular , regarding coronary artery calcification , which is shown to can predict coronary events , it still remains unclear and controversial.
in addition , future investigation about the detailed molecular mechanisms how statins affect calcification process in vascular cells is necessary.
high-frequency severe atherosclerosis / calcinosis is observed in aging , diabetes mellitus and chronic dialysis , which leads to cardiovascular events.
recent progress in basic research has revealed certain similarities between processes of bone calcification and calcifications of vascular tissues which contribute to several cardiovascular diseases.
recent report has demonstrated the association of senescent phenotypic change with osteoblastic trans-differentiation in vsmc.
strategies how to manage senescent phenotypic change in vsmc may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for the prevention of vascular calcification.
tankyrase @number@ sirna knockdown in human cells significantly elevated recombination specifically within telomeres , a phenotype with the potential of accelerating cellular senescence.
we found that the requirement of tankyrase @number@ for dna-pkcs protein stability reflects the necessity of its parp enzymatic activity.
we evaluated @number@ fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists and recorded the sl gap and sl angle.
on both bivariate and multivariate analysis , the grade of both the slil and ltil increased with age , but decreased with female gender.
the grades of slil or ltil did not correlate with the morphology of the lunate , the sl gap or the sl angle.
the physiological range of laxity at the sl and lunotriquetral joints is wider than originally described.
the intercarpal ligaments demonstrate an age-related progression of laxity of the sl and lunotriquetral joints.
we suggest a modified classification with a mechanism that may distinguish physiological laxity from pathological instability.
women were followed up for an average of @number@ years to document any breast cancer incidence.
all tests of statistical significance were two-sided.
the present study sought to address this gap by using a resource depletion paradigm.
discussion : this study extends the negative effects of prior cognitive exertion to prospective memory in older adults.
also , dovetailing with past work , the depletion effects were limited to prospective memory tasks that are thought to require demanding attentional processes.
the depletion effects were most pronounced for the old-old , suggesting that increased age may be associated with decline in attentional resources.
yet , there are surprisingly few health studies that have recognized the aging of the aboriginal population.
these outcomes result from a colonial past and contemporary policies that affect all aboriginal people.
the present study examined 7- to 11-month-old infants ' anticipatory and reactive reaching for temporarily occluded objects.
results show that except for object velocity and occlusion distance , occlusion duration was a critical constraint for infants ' reaching behaviors.
anticipatory reaching declined with increasing occlusion duration , but the adverse effects for longer occlusion durations diminished with age.
the health implications of physical inactivity , including its integral role in promoting obesity , are well known and have been well documented.
physical activity is a multifactorial behavior with various factors playing a role in determining individual physical activity levels.
research using both human and animal models in the past several years has clearly indicated that genetics is associated with physical activity.
furthermore , researchers have identified several significant and suggestive genomic quantitative trait loci associated with physical activity.
to date , the identities of the causal genes underlying physical activity regulation are unclear , with few strong candidate genes.
the nih trauma research roundtable was convened on @date@ to @number@ @number@
domain experts were asked to identify research priorities and challenges and separate them into mechanistic , translational , and clinical categories.
during and after the conference , the lists were circulated among the participants and revised to reach a consensus.
results : emergency trauma care research is characterized by focus on the timing , sequence , and time sensitivity of disease processes and treatment effects.
the fluidity of neuronal membranes plays a pivotal role in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
to this end , we applied unilamellar transfer liposomes , which provided protection from oxidation and effective incorporation of dha into cell membranes.
liposomes transferring docosanoic acid ( da ) , the completely saturated form of dha , to the cell cultures served as controls.
in hek-app cells , dha significantly increased membrane fluidity and non-amyloidogenic processing of app , leading to enhanced secretion of sappα.
although the effects of aging on the neural correlates of schizophrenia have been researched for many years , no clear conclusion has been reached.
while some studies have demonstrated progressive age-related gray matter reductions in schizophrenia , other studies have not found evidence of progression.
moreover , it remains unclear whether the influence of aging on global or regional cortical thickness differs between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
surface-based analysis was applied to assess cortical thickness in the whole brain.
the patient group exhibited both global and regional cortical thinning in regions including the prefrontal and temporal cortices.
the correlation between age and cortical thickness showed a similar pattern in patients and controls , both globally and regionally.
cerebrovascular risk factors included blood pressure , cholesterol , body mass index , creatinine , and diabetes-related factors.
t1-weighted mri was used to create models of the cortex for calculation of regional cortical thickness.
increasing blood pressure factor scores were associated with numerous regions of reduced thickness.
increasing glucose scores were modestly associated with areas of regionally decreased thickness.
increasing cholesterol scores , in contrast , were associated with thicker cortex across the whole brain.
all findings were primarily independent of age.
the protection occurred in a dose-dependent manner , with 5μm offering best efficacy.
similar protection of salidroside against replicative senescence was observed as well.
interestingly , the regulation of senescence-related molecules by salidroside involved ros-irrelevant mechanisms in both models.
this finding presents salidroside as an attractive agent with potential to retard aging and attenuate age-related diseases in humans.
hematological deficiencies increase with aging leading to anemias , reduced hematopoietic stress responses and myelodysplasias.
marrow was obtained from the femoral head and trochanteric region of the femur at surgery for total hip replacement ( n = 100 ) .
whole trabecular marrow samples were ground in a sterile mortar and pestle and cellularity and fat content determined.
marrow and blood mononuclear cells were stained with hoechst dye and the sp-hsc profiles acquired.
plasma levels of igf-1 ( ng / ml ) and il-6 ( pg / ml ) were measured by elisa.
sp-hsc in blood and bone marrow decreased with age but the quality of the surviving stem cells increased.
msc decreased non-significantly.
there were no significant correlations between cytokine levels or fat and sp-hsc numbers.
stem cells appear to be progressively lost with aging and only the highest quality stem cells survive.
objective : chronic generation of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species are implicated in atherosclerosis , aging , cancers , and other chronic diseases.
we also conducted antisense a20 and sirna studies to investigate the regulatory role of zinc in tnf-α and il-1β via a20.
we confirmed that zinc-induced a20 contributes to downregulation of tnf-α and il-1β by antisense and short interfering rna a20 studies.
conclusion : our studies suggest that zinc suppresses generation of nf-κb-regulated inflammatory cytokines by induction of a20.
the reason brain hypometabolism develops is unclear but may include defects in brain glucose transport , disrupted glycolysis , and / or impaired mitochondrial function.
methodologic issues presently preclude knowing with certainty whether or not aging in the absence of cognitive impairment is necessarily associated with lower brain glucose metabolism.
in this study , we evaluated a hypothesis that this principle does not apply to rapid reach-to-grasp movements evoked by sudden unexpected balance perturbations.
these perturbations involved forward translation of a large ( @number@ × @number@ m ) motion platform configured to simulate a \ "real-life \ " environment.
a deception was used to ensure that the perturbation was truly unexpected.
eleven of @number@ healthy young-adult subjects ( age 22-30 ) reached to grasp or touch the rail in response to the balance perturbation.
in support of the hypothesis , none of these arm reactions was guided by concurrent visual fixation of the handrail.
however , the other four subjects never looked directly at the rail , indicating a complete reliance on peripheral vision.
these findings add to previous evidence of distinctions in the cns control of volitional and perturbation-evoked arm movements.
serum sodium was measured and urine samples were assessed for color and electrolyte content.
there was no statistically significant relationship between thirst and hrqol , which was low overall.
recent reports show a decline with advanced age ( > 64 years ) using a variety of motor simulation tasks.
results indicated that the younger group was significantly more accurate than the older adults , p < @number@
in summary , these findings add to the general notion that there is a decline in the ability to mentally represent action with advanced age.
a partnership of bmt , ist , and basic science researchers will develop initiatives and partner with advocacy and funding organizations to address these challenges.
collaboration with similar study groups in europe and asia will be pursued.
the cannabinoid cb1 receptor has gained much attention as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target in various neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the relation of cb1 receptors to cognitive function in ad is at present unclear.
correlational analyses were then performed for the neurochemical and cognitive data.
within the ad group , frontal cortical cb1 immunoreactivity correlated with cognitive scores assessed within a year of death.
our study suggests that cb1 receptors are intact in ad and may play a role in preserving cognitive function.
therefore , cb1 receptors should be further assessed as a potential therapeutic target in ad.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ pregnant women from @number@ national wide cooperative hospitals were involved in this prospective research.
every participant was under monitoring for the morbidity of hdp and the high-risk factors were investigated in hdp cases in each group.
results : ( @number@ ) the morbidity of hdp was @percent@ in anti-oxidants group vs. @percent@ in control group.
no statistical difference existed between the two groups ( p > @number@ ) .
it showed no statistical difference among three remedies ( p > @number@ ) .
stress has been identified as a main factor involved in the cognitive changes that occur during the aging process.
this study investigated sex differences in the relationship between the magnitude of the acute stress-induced salivary cortisol response and memory performance among middle-aged people.
afterwards their memory performance was measured using a standardized memory test ( rey's auditory verbal learning test ) .
these results confirm that sex is a critical factor in the relationship between cortisol and poor memory performance.
furthermore , the findings emphasize a strong link between the individual cortisol response to stress and memory functioning among postmenopausal women.
this review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease ( vte ) .
clinical vte and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed.
virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding the link between venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis.
heart failure is a common pathology sometimes considered as a \ "new epidemic \ ".
its prevalence is increasing over the years since the cardiovascular management of patients is improving , and the western population is aging.
prevalence is estimated to @percent@ in the 80-89 year-old patients , with a mean age of @number@ at the onset of heart failure.
the proportion of \ "diastolic heart failure \ " is about @number@ to @percent@ of the total number of heart failure patients.
hypertension and ischemic cardiomyopathy are the most frequent aetiologies , but diabetes plays an increasing role.
prognosis of heart failure remains poor.
thus , five-year mortality rate is decreasing but remains higher than @percent@ in recent years.
thus , heart failure is a major and growing health problem.
this article describes the diagnostic possibilities of research of nt-bnp level in blood of the patients of elderly and senile age with congestive heart failure.
statistically significant correlation between bnp concentration and a functional class of heart insufficiency is revealed.
definition of bnp level enables to diagnose differentially the difficult forms of congestive heart failure.
the aim of the research was to study blood responses to pneumonia in patients of different age and sex.
the subjects of the study were @number@ patients with extrahospital bacterial pneumonia ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) .
the patients were divided into three age groups : @number@ to @number@ years , @number@ to @number@ years , and @number@ to @number@ years.
almost healthy @number@ men and almost healthy @number@ women have made the control groups.
computer morphometry of leukocytes of peripheral blood was made to all patients.
various reaction of lymphocytes on a pneumonia in men and women of young and middle age was revealed.
indirect evidences of decrease in level of lymphocytes activation in women of young and middle age at pneumonia development were received.
the sizes of lymphocytes in elderly patients with pneumonia do not change comparing with the control groups.
sexual differences in reaction of monocytes to pneumonia are not present.
absence of increase in cytoplasm to nucleus ratio index in elderly patients testifies a smaller degree of monocytes activation in this group of patients.
the trend to reduction of the sizes of neutrophiles speaks of the accelerated division of predecessors ' of mature neutrophiles.
significant prevalence of risk factors was established in men with myocardial infarction in st. petersburg.
among the associated diseases , the cholelithic disease , urolithiasis and chronic bronchitis prevailed , especially with recurrent myocardial infarction.
in the clinical pattern of disease in the first @number@ hours , symptoms of heart failure prevailed.
this article presents the data of @number@ patients ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis , aged 22-70 years.
it is concluded that the rate of progression and severity of chronic glomerulonephritis , even within the same morphological form , is determined by age.
@number@ liquidators who had worked in the chernobyl accident area were examined.
all of them had nervous diseases.
both alpha-rhythms disorganization and increase of beta-activity were usually observed in brain cortex sensomotor areas of @number@ liquidators as compared with @number@ healthy individuals.
the conclusion is made about the systemic cns damage in liquidators as compared with healthy individuals.
this cross-sectional cohort study describes older patients ' perceptions about depression and characteristics associated with acceptance of treatments.
the majority of the @number@ respondents consider depression as disease , which should be treated.
many patients cited affordability as an obstacle and considered self-treatment options including alcohol intake for depression control.
prevailing subpopulation are macrophages , they are detected @number@ times more often than b-lymphocytes , and @number@ times more often than nk.
the quantity of immune competent cells in groups with diabetes of various types is different.
physical rehabilitation is the basic method for all programs of medical rehabilitation on different pathologies.
such important diseases as chronic heart failure , diabetes mellitus , chronic pulmonary obstructive disease have the high risk of disability.
there is a high motivation to their rehabilitation.
these diseases progress in situations associated with immune inflammation.
such signal molecules as tumor necrosis factor ( tnf-alpha ) , interleukins-1 , 6 ( il-1 , 6 ) take part in these processes.
the role of medical rehabilitation methods in connection of neuroimmunoendocrinic homeosthasis are described in this article.
three critical age periods in the life of those interviewed were identified , namely , 15-29 , 40-49 and 60-69 years.
40-49-year period is peculiar for manifestation of prolonged effects of endogenous and exogenous factors.
diseases of digestive organs in men , and those of urino-genital system in women , cause main surgical interventions during this age period.
the largest number of diseases ( @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women ) was identified during seeking medical assistance in polyclinic.
each fifth disease was detected in a hospital , while share of preventive examinations made @percent@ for men and @percent@ for women.
the author states , that the thermodynamics is driving power of evolution and development.
the evolution is characterized by a change of systems and objects of the universe.
evolution , phylogeny and ontogeny include spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes.
this article continues earlier started theme on a substantiation of the programmed aging mechanism ( phenoptosis ) .
the concept underlying this mechanism is that the life represents a lot of the interconnected physical and chemical processes moving by the bioenergetics.
the gradual programmed decrease of the level of bioenergetics causes the slow and coordinated attenuation of all physiological functions , i.e. aging.
for a convincing substantiation of such mechanism it is necessary to show , how attenuation of bioenergetics causes the basic nocuous processes accompanying aging.
the proof that hayflick limit is also caused by the decrease in level of bioenergetics is presented in this article.
decrease in level of bioenergetics below certain critical level deprives a cell the ability to pass the restriction point of g1-phase of proliferative cycle.
the inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase , p27 , prevents the passage through this critical point in all normal cells.
during division of normal somatic cells p27 is removed by cyclin e-cdk2 complex.
interaction p27 with cyclin e-cdk2 complex can have two consequences.
when the programme decreases the bioenergetics level below certain value the cyclin e-cdk2 becomes the target for p27.
as a result the inhibitor evacuation stops and restriction point becomes closed a cell enters irreversible proliferative rest.
there are @number@ levels of integrative systems : homeostatic ( organismal ) , systemic and cellular-molecular.
the definitions of normal and pathological aging are given.
the study was aimed at analyzing time and clinical characteristics of the diabetics with an onset of the disease after @number@ y.
( t1d and lada ) .
@number@ men and @number@ women of the average age @number@ + / - @number@ y. ( range 35-93 y. ) were out of this number.
@number@ were assessed as the t1d patients and @number@ as the lada ones.
as a control group we used @number@ healthy individuals.
its duration in the time of this study was @number@ + / - @number@ y. ; respectively @number@ + / - @number@ y.
fasting and postprandial c-peptide levels were statistically higher ( p < @number@ ) in the lada subgroup vs. t1d.
obesity 1st and 2nd grade were present together only in @percent@.
bmi was not statistically significantly different between both groups.
we found in our diabetic patients the predisposition alleles hla-drb1 03 , hla-drb1 04 and particularly their combination.
in our study , the occurrence of the susceptible hla-drb1 03 and hla-drb1 04 alleles in t1d patients is higher than in lada.
the presence of these alleles identifies patients of high risk and requirement of insulin therapy.
since risk alleles are similarly present in middle and old age , environmental factors probably play similar role in these onsets of autoimmune diabetes.
methods : the cardiocerebrovascular death data of hunan residents were collected by three national retrospective sample surveys of death.
the age-specific mortality rate for cvd increased with age in all three periods , especially for citizens older than @number@ years.
exponential regression function ( y = b0e ( b1x ) ) can be used for the proper description of age-specific mortality change.
the ratio of ypll for cvd in all death causes showed increase trend ( chi2 = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
ypll rate ( yplls per @number@ ) in 1973-1975 was higher than those in 1990-1992 and 2004-2005.
ypll rate was positively correlated with mortality in all periods.
conclusions : the mortality for cvd increased with time and aging.
people older than @number@ years were threatened by cvd mostly.
mortality trend analysis also found higher cvd deaths in people age 15-19 in hunan residents.
bone health is an important issue in aging.
a systematic review was conducted to determine the impact of dietary and supplemental interventions focused on calcium and vitamin d over the past @number@ years.
our review found a positive effect on bone health for supplements ; food-based interventions ; and educational strategies.
this new concept of nad world also conveys ideas of functional hierarchy and frailty for the induction of aging in mammals.
details of the nad world and its implications to age-associated metabolic diseases such as type @number@ diabetes will be discussed.
results : the median ( q1 , q3 ) of myocardial t2 in the normals was @number@ ms ( @number@ @number@ ) .
there was no significant correlation between myocardial t2 and age ( r ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
these results indicate that myocardial t2 measurements are robust to these potential confounding parameters.
design : a longitudinal validation study ( n = @number@ ) and inter-rater reliability study ( n = @number@ ) in a gem population.
patients : consecutive patients admitted to a gem rehabilitation ward were eligible for inclusion.
consecutively eligible patients were included in an inter-rater reliability study between physical therapists.
evidence of convergent , discriminant and known groups validity for the demmi were obtained.
conclusion : the demmi provides clinicians with an accurate and valid method of measuring mobility for geriatric patients in the subacute hospital setting.
aging in latin-america has been characterised by its rapid pace which , in turn , has been accompanied by growing urbanisation and globalisation.
the influence of public urban environment intervention policy on physical activity has been emphasised recently.
this evidence comes mainly from studies conducted in the usa and australia.
however , this topic has scarcely been studied in latin-america which has particular characteristics regarding aging and urban development.
objective : assessing the relationship between happiness and social support networks in colombia.
a questionnaire asked about the people's perception of their current mood and how they received support when they had problems.
results : average age was @number@ @number@ % perceived that they were happy.
the greater the support network , the greater the amount of perceived happiness ( @number@ or ; 5-9 95%ci ) .
conclusions : a strong relationship between happiness and social support networks promotes people's well being.
nsaids are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as of tendon diseases associated with pain in sports and labor.
however , the effect of nsaid intake , and thus blockade of pge ( @number@ ) production , on the tendon tissue adaptation is unknown.
both groups were exposed to a prolonged bout of running ( @number@ km ) .
the peritendinous concentrations of pinp increased significantly in the placebo group as a result of the run , as shown previously.
the present study demonstrates that intake of nsaid decreased interstitial pge₂ and abolished the exercise-induced adaptive increase in collagen synthesis in human tendons.
these ros / rns have been shown to be critical for various biological events including signal transduction , aging , apoptosis , and development.
numerous human diseases result from the failure of proteins to fold properly in response to mutation , disrupting the proteome.
the challenge for developing α1at deficiency therapeutics is to understand the pn pathways involved in folding and export.
the present experiment investigated electrophysiological correlates of processing faces of younger and older individuals.
younger participants were presented with pictures of unfamiliar younger and older faces in the context of a gender categorization task.
purpose of the study : previous research found that \ "fun on line \ " is the most dominant content in seniors ' online communities.
the present study aimed to further explore the fun culture in these communities and to discover its unique qualities.
the final database included about @number@ posts.
results : the majority of posts were part of online social games , including cognitive , associative , and creative games.
the main subjects in all contents were sex , gender differences , aging , grandparenting , politics , faith , and alcohol.
main participatory behaviors were selective timing , using expressive style , and personalization of the online character.
although most participants were \ "lurkers , \ " the active participants nurtured community norms and relationships , as reflected in the written dialogues.
seniors ' online communities provided a unique form of casual leisure , whose nature varied among different groups of participants.
therefore , it may have positive impact on seniors ' well-being and successful aging.
telomeres , the dna-protein structures located at the ends of chromosomes , have been proposed to act as a biomarker of aging.
in this review , the human evidence that telomere length is a biomarker of aging is evaluated.
although telomere length is implicated in cellular aging , the evidence suggesting telomere length is a biomarker of aging in humans is equivocal.
these studies would benefit from longitudinal measures of both telomere length and aging-related parameters.
this leads to the proposed approach named as functional mixture regression ( fmr ) .
the estimation of fmr can be readily carried out using existing software implemented for functional principal component analysis and mixture regression.
the practical necessity and performance of fmr are illustrated through applications to a longevity analysis of female medflies and a human growth study.
corresponding results demonstrate that the proposed approach could potentially achieve substantial gains over traditional flms.
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is common and the estimated prevalence is about 9-13% in the general adult population.
ckd is defined by the presence of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate.
individuals with ckd have a far greater likelihood of cardiovascular death than progression to end-stage renal disease.
the prognosis of hf patients is still poor despite recent advances in hf treatment.
both diseases are major and growing public health problems because aging of the population contributes to the increasing incidence of those diseases.
more than @percent@ of hf patients have ckd and the close relationship between ckd and hf worsens their prognoses.
all physicians must evaluate kidney function using estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the new japanese equation in patients with hf.
accurate evaluation of pathophysiology between the two diseases and appropriate intervention are necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with the diseases.
motor overflow refers to involuntary movement or muscle activity coinciding with voluntary movement.
we examined whether @number@ young adults ( 18-30 years ) and @number@ older adults ( 50-80 years ) could voluntarily inhibit overflow.
participants performed a finger pressing task , exerting @percent@ of their maximal force.
overflow was concurrently recorded in the non-task hand.
in the first condition , participants were not made aware of their motor overflow.
then participants , though informed of it , were asked to ignore their overflow.
finally , participants were requested to inhibit overflow with , and then without visual feedback , or vice versa.
overflow was exacerbated when older adults were unaware of it , and was reduced once they were informed.
for young adults there was no significant difference between these conditions.
both age groups could significantly reduce overflow when so requested , independent of visual feedback.
thus motor overflow can be modulated by higher order cognitive control with directed attention.
cross-sectional analyses evaluated the association of self-reported function with objective physiological impairment measures.
setting : department of mechanical and aerospace engineering , princeton university , princeton , new jersey , usa.
design : experimental study.
methods : finite element methods and ray-tracing algorithms were used to model the deformation and optical power of the human crystalline lens during accommodation.
the mechanical model treats the lens as an axisymmetric object , and the optical model incorporates a gradient refractive index.
using these models , the accommodation of a broad range of lenses with different geometries and mechanical properties were investigated.
that is , reshaping can add @number@ to @number@ diopters of accommodation.
a sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust over a wide range of mechanical and geometrical properties.
conclusion : the study results suggest that a significant amount of the loss of accommodation is due to changes in lens geometry.
setting : john a. moran eye center , university of utah , salt lake city , utah , usa.
design : experimental study.
methods : after the cornea and iris were removed , a @number@ to @number@ mm anterior ccc was created.
the nucleus was hydroexpressed and the capsular bag evacuated by irrigation / aspiration.
after complete zonulectomy , the fixture-capsular bag assembly was removed from the eye and loaded onto a mechanical tester.
the fixtures were separated at a velocity of @number@ mm / min in @number@ μm intervals to stretch the ccc to its rupture point.
rupture load ( n ) and extension were measured and graphed.
there was a moderately strong negative correlation between donor age and load ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : previous mechanized methods of assessing ccc strength used excised anterior capsules or partially phacoemulsified crystalline lenses , yielding lower tension strength values.
this force-displacement method may facilitate assessment of small differences between anterior capsulotomy techniques.
to investigate this chapter may help our realization and practice of tcm physiology.
the effect of this polymorphism on cognitive function in middle-aged healthy women is not well known.
method : we genotyped @number@ middle-aged healthy women ( @number@ to @number@ years old ) for the comt val158met polymorphism.
performance on sustained attention and the number of words generated did not show significant differences between the three genotypes.
these results may help to explain , at least in part , individual differences in cognitive decline in middle-aged women with dopamine-related genes.
background : respect for patient autonomy has been the cornerstone of clinical bioethics for several decades.
important though this principle is , there is debate on how to interpret the core concept of autonomy.
we review the appeal of the traditional approach to autonomy in health care and then identify some of the difficulties with this conception.
we propose ways of improving the relational autonomy of this population.
aim : the orexigenic hormone , ghrelin , is linked to learning and memory in animal studies.
no previous study has investigated whether cognition is related to ghrelin in the non-demented elderly.
methods : thirty-five older adults underwent neuropsychological testing and fasting blood draw with subsequent serum ghrelin quantification.
results : ghrelin was negatively correlated with several cognitive domains , including verbal memory , working memory , and naming.
conclusion : areas of cognition associated with ghrelin level were similar to the pattern of deficits observed in early alzheimer's disease.
findings suggest a potential moderational role of ghrelin in pathological cognitive decline.
further work investigating mechanisms is needed.
context : mexico.
the significant difference in hospitalization between rural and urban residing older mexicans was largely accounted for by having health care coverage.
this lower utilization may be due to barriers to access rather than better health.
purpose : this paper describes the steps of a demonstration project , the elko telehealth outreach clinic.
findings : from @date@ to @date@ , a total of @number@ unique veterans received health care services through the elko clinic.
this article selectively highlights relevant areas of neuroscience research which have direct application for attachment theory and group psychotherapy.
attachment theory in particular provides a common language and conceptual framework from which the contributions from the neurosciences can be made applicable to group psychotherapy.
the analyzed cohort comprised @number@ females and @number@ males younger than @number@ years and @number@ females and @number@ males at least @number@ years.
reported nutrient intake and food selection were compared with age-specific recommended dietary allowance and usda pyramid food guide.
body mass index was compared to the general us population , adjusted for age , gender , tanner stage and race.
results : less than @percent@ of participants met recommended dietary intakes for vitamin d , calcium , potassium , or magnesium regardless of age.
mean daily caloric intake was @number@ kcal ( @percent@ from carbohydrates ) for younger and @number@ kcal ( @percent@ from carbohydrates ) for older participants.
energy intake from sweets was @percent@ higher than recommended.
conclusions : survivors of childhood all need careful dietary intervention to optimize long-term health.
eye-tracking results revealed no significant age differences in detection or viewing time of emotional targets as a function of valence.
these results suggest that age-related valence reversals in neural activity can exist even on tasks that require only relatively automatic processing of emotional information.
background : physicians often begin the physical examination with an assessment of whether a patient looks older than his or her actual age.
this practice suggests an implicit assumption that patients who appear older than their actual age are more likely to be in poor health.
objective : to determine the sensitivity and specificity of apparent age for the detection of poor health status.
design : cross-sectional.
conclusions : the diagnostic value of apparent age depends on how many years older than his or her actual age a patient looks.
pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid ( aa ) modulate peripheral inflammation and its resolution.
however , it is unknown whether chronic therapeutic doses of asa are anti-inflammatory in the brain.
both doses attenuated the lps effects on pge₂ , and txb₂.
the increments in lxa₄ and 15-epi-lxa₄ caused by high-dose asa were significantly greater in lps-infused rats.
the ability of asa to increase anti-inflammatory lxa₄ and 15-epi-lxa₄ and reduce pro-inflammatory pge₂ and txb₂ suggests considering aspirin further for treating clinical neuroinflammation.
methods : heads of @number@ fetal specimens of 14-40 weeks gestational age ( ga ) were scanned by @number@.0t mri.
eleven fetal specimens of 14-27 weeks ga were scanned by @number@.0t mri.
clear images were chosen for analysis.
results : on t₁-weighted @number@.0t mri , layers could be visualized at @number@ weeks ga and appeared clearer after @number@ weeks ga.
on @number@.0t mri , four zones could be recognized at @number@ weeks ga.
at 23-28 weeks ga , laminar organization appeared less typical , and borderlines among them appeared obscured.
after @number@ weeks ga , it disappeared and turned into mature-like structures.
the developing lamination appeared the most distinguishable at the parieto-occipital part of brain and peripheral regions of the hippocampus.
conclusions : t₁-weighted @number@.0t mri and t₂-weighted @number@.0t mri can well demonstrate the laminar organization.
skin surface lipid ( ssl ) film is a mixture of sebum and keratinocyte membrane lipids , protecting skin from environment.
achievements of nutriceutical interventions aimed at restoring normal ssl composition and homeostasis are discussed , as feasible therapeutic goals and major means of photo-protection.
because of their intrinsic strengths and weaknesses , no single approach can fully unravel the complexities of fundamental biological events.
however , an appropriate combination of different tools could lead to integrative analyses that would furnish new insights not accessible through one-dimensional datasets.
in addition , we discuss several new applications of proteomic analysis to the investigation of mitochondrial activity.
retinal pigment epithelial ( rpe ) cells are continually exposed to oxidative stress that contributes to protein misfolding , aggregation and functional abnormalities during aging.
the protein aggregates formed at the cell periphery are delivered along the microtubulus network by dynein-dependent retrograde trafficking to a juxtanuclear location.
however , the tubulin acetylation and polymerization state affects the localization of the aggregation.
there is ample evidence from studies of both unicellular and multicellular organisms that helicase-inactivating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction and disease phenotypes.
in this review , we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the basis for abnormal phenotypes linked to mutations in genes encoding dna helicases.
background / aims : the threshold number of endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) criteria for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis ( cp ) is variable.
methods : over a 24-month period , @number@ patients underwent eus for an indication unrelated to pancreaticobiliary disease.
main outcome measurements wereunivariate and multivariate analysis between any eus abnormality and demographic data and habits.
results : @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) showed at least one ductular or parenchymal abnormality.
low-level alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of hyperechoic parenchymal foci , main pancreatic duct ( mpd ) dilatation and wall hyperechogenicity.
smoking was associated with an increased risk of hyperechoic parenchymal foci.
male gender and advanced age were significantly associated with an increased risk of mpd dilatation.
conclusions : long-term smoking and alcohol consumption , although at a low dose , induces cp-like changes.
these abnormalities might represent either a clinically silent cp or a toxic effect of smoking and alcohol.
conversely , mpd dilation might represent a normal age-related variant or , alternatively , an effect of chronic low-level alcohol consumption. and iap.
independently , the two intervention types have been found to improve functional performance in people with dementia.
the mechanisms underpinning these improvements come from comparable and diverse pathways.
the aims of this review are threefold.
the first aim is to present evidence to support the use for combining exercise and cognition-focused interventions.
the increased risk of depression , falls and cardiovascular disease risk in people with dementia will also be highlighted.
consideration must also be given to caregivers and the education of health professionals as well as to the mode of intervention itself.
further research is necessary in order to discern the most effective types of both intervention models.
provision of combined interventions might enhance the improvements in functional independence in people with dementia over and above the interventions being used separately.
this can be considered an adaptive behavior since fall-related injuries can have severe consequences.
finally , methodological issues involved in this type of research and potential applications to applied settings are discussed.
static postural control was measured during bipedal stance , and dynamic postural control was obtained while walking on an instrumented walkway.
associations between measures of static and dynamic postural control were found only under the single-task condition in the elderly.
conclusion : age-related deficits in the postural control system seem to be primarily responsible for the observed results.
background : older adults often elect to move into smaller living environments.
groups were compared by one-way anova.
a general linear regression model was used to predict the number of steps per day at home.
the level of significance was p < @number@
conclusion : on average , rc residents take @number@ steps less per day and have approximately @percent@ of the living space of a cd.
home size and physical function were primary predictors of the number of steps taken at home , as found using a general linear regression analysis.
walking is a complex motor task generally performed automatically by healthy adults.
yet , by the elderly , walking is often no longer performed automatically.
older adults require more attention for motor control while walking than younger adults.
falls , often with serious consequences , can be the result.
gait impairments are one of the biggest risk factors for falls.
several studies have identified changes in certain gait parameters as independent predictors of fall risk.
such gait changes are often too discrete to be detected by clinical observation alone.
at the basel mobility center , we employ the gaitrite electronic walkway system for spatial-temporal gait analysis.
gait analysis with walking as a single-task condition alone is often insufficient to reveal underlying gait disorders present during normal , everyday activities.
objective quantification of such clinically relevant gait changes is necessary to determine fall risk.
early detection of gait disorders and fall risk permits early intervention and , in the best-case scenario , fall prevention.
from circulation to digestion to excretion , a circadian clock synchronizes most aspects of mammalian physiology with the solar day.
during normal ageing , this daily coordination gradually erodes , and during pathological ageing such erosion is exacerbated.
recent experiments suggest that therapies aimed at sustaining circadian function increase quality of life in elderly patients.
knowledge of mechanical behaviour of the aorta has been customarily constrained by lack of data on fresh aortic tissue , especially from healthy young individuals.
in addition , information regarding the point of rupture is also very limited.
tensile tests up to rupture are carried out to evaluate the influence of age and wall anisotropy.
this fact places age as a key factor when mechanical properties of descending aorta are considered.
the superior protection for the aged observed with vrp ( @number@ ) -based vaccines was confirmed in a lethal influenza virus challenge model.
objective : we evaluated whether dietary omega-3 fatty acids and fish consumption were associated with increased risk of t2d.
incident t2d was self-reported and validated primarily through the collection of supplementary information from participants.
information on omega-3 and fish intakes was obtained by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
we used cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted relative risks.
results : during an average follow-up of @number@ y , @number@ women developed t2d.
marine but not plant-based omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated with incident t2d.
a similar association was observed with fish intake , but additional adjustment for docosahexaenoic acid led to the elimination of the association.
the relation between marine omega-3 fatty acids and t2d was observed in hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects and in women who reported infrequent fish consumption.
the women's health study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00000479.
discussion : among the older people with cardiac disease , a physically active lifestyle was associated with lower mortality.
background : studies show that exposure to air pollution damages human health , but the mechanisms are not fully understood.
one suggested pathway is via oxidative stress.
methods : we fit linear regression models to examine associations between air pollutants and 8-ohdg adjusting for potential confounders.
effects were more apparent with multi-week averages of exposures.
objective : to investigate the association of type @number@ diabetes with subcortical infarctions.
participants were a subset of the mayo clinic study of aging ( median age @number@ years ) who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging.
conclusions : these findings suggest that untreated type @number@ diabetes and type @number@ diabetes with complications are associated with subcortical infarctions.
it will be important to test the validity of these findings in other similar populations in the developing world.
there were association signals with activity in all @number@ genes.
haplotypes including snps spanning the pon genes were generally more significant than haplotypes comprising snps from @number@ gene.
our results suggest that low serum paraoxonase activity is a risk factor for ad.
furthermore , multiple variants in pon influence serum paraoxonase activity and their effects may be synergistic.
previous studies showed the relationship between fatty acids and the risk of developing alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in the present study we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( gc-ms ) technology coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to study profiles of ffa in ad.
here we evaluate the trafficking capability of sap97 in alzheimer disease ( ad ) patients ' brain.
both immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays demonstrated that sap97 failed to correctly couple to adam10 and glur1 , but not to nr2a.
changes in gene expression in the brain may underlie cognitive deficits inherent to normal aging and neurodegenerative disease.
however , the mechanisms underlying pathological alterations in the brain transcriptome are incompletely understood.
epigenetic mechanisms such as dna methylation and histone acetylation have been shown to be important for memory processes in the adult brain.
there is accumulating evidence that altered chromatin plasticity and histone acetylation are also involved in cognitive aging , neurodegeneration , and neuropsychiatric diseases.
inhibitors of histone deacetylase ( hdac ) exhibit neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in animal models of various brain diseases.
as such , targeting of hdacs seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy.
in this review , we discuss the specific roles of each hdac protein and the possible function of distinct histone modifications.
age-related changes in running kinematics have been reported in the literature using classical inferential statistics.
data mining techniques have been applied in recent biomedical studies to solve this problem using a more general approach.
in total , @number@ kinematic variables were extracted to train the classification algorithm and test the generalized performance.
the results revealed different accuracy rates across three different kernel methods adopted in the classifier , with the linear kernel performing the best.
south america is one of the most heterogeneous regions in the world regarding ethnical composition and socioeconomic development level.
our aim was to analyze the status of end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) management in the portuguese-speaking and spanish-speaking countries of south america.
most of south america countries have a hybrid of public and private healthcare system.
the prevalence of patients on rrt varies from @number@ pmp. in paraguay and @number@ pmp in chile.
there is an important association between the prevalence of diabetes and the number of patients on rrt.
older people also are at a higher risk of developing esrd.
the rapid aging of the population and a higher prevalence of diabetes will probably translate into a burden of esrd in the future.
in the 3rd decade , there was a dramatic increase in focal sclerosing glomerulosclerosis.
this increase reflects aging and obesity in keeping with more developed countries like australia , india , thailand and the united states of america.
iga nephritis remains the most common gn.
apart from the geographical influence , other socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the evolution of the renal biopsy pattern.
worldwide , the prevalence of focal sclerosing glomerulosclerosis continues to increase in many countries.
objective : to investigate the aging features of pure leukoaraiosis ( la ) in non-demented outpatients.
@number@ in beijing tiantan hospital.
la was defined with mri.
age and other vascular risk factors were also investigated.
results : age of the patients in the la group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : age is a determining risk factor for pure la and patients with age older than @number@ years are at high risk of la.
objective : to assess the potential association between growth during the first @number@ years of life and the risk of overweight in childhood.
methods : overweight status of @number@ @number@ french children aged 7-9 years in @number@ was estimated , using measured weight and height data collected retrospectively.
overweight was estimated using measured weight and height.
early infancy , a phase of very rapid growth , constitutes a critical period for the onset of overweight.
nicotinamidases are metabolic enzymes that hydrolyze nicotinamide to nicotinic acid.
although recent structural work has improved our understanding of these enzymes , their catalytic mechanism is still not well understood.
recent data show that nicotinamidases are required for the growth and virulence of several pathogenic microbes.
nicotinamidases are generally efficient catalysts with steady state k ( cat ) values typically exceeding @number@ s ( @number@ ) .
the k ( m ) values for nicotinamide are low and in the range of @number@ @number@ μm.
a variety of nicotinaldehyde derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors in kinetic assays.
aim : the large diffusion of venous disease ( cvd ) has been confirmed by several epidemiological studies in europe and the usa.
methods : more than @number@ gps were included in the survey.
of these results , @percent@ were considered valid for a statistical evaluation.
results : the prevalent population in cvd includes adult and aging subjects ; four out of five are women.
the most severe signs of cvd ( edema , venous ulcers ) show a significant progression in the aging segment of the population.
symptoms related to hemorrheological activation ( including itching , nocturnal cramps ) progress in parallel with increasing signs.
diabetes is associated with more severe signs in @percent@ of patients.
conclusion : the nautilus survey of cvd indicates determining factors associated with the beginning and progression of cvd in three different age segments.
these factors may be considered as clinically significant parameters for defining the clinical evolution of cvd.
the observations are useful to evaluate the best preventive and treatment options on the basis of the most recent pathophysiological considerations.
she lacked insulin resistance , hypertriglyceridemia , hepatic steatosis , and diabetes.
mutation analysis in the gene encoding fibrillin @number@ ( fbn1 ) revealed a novel de novo heterozygous deletion , c.8155 8156del2 in exon @number@
the severe generalized lipodystrophy in this patient with progeroid features has not previously been described in other patients with mfs and fbn1 mutations.
other progeria syndromes were considered unlikely because premature greying , hypogonadism , and scleroderma-like skin disease were not present.
our patient shows striking similarity to two patients who have been published in this journal by o'neill et al.
[ o'neill et al.
( @number@ ) ; am j med genet part a 143a : 1421-1430 ] with the diagnosis of neonatal progeroid syndrome ( nps ) .
the course is usually progressive with early lethality.
however this entity seems heterogeneous.
cell polarity is a universal biological phenomenon.
while much is known about the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity , its role in aging and age-related diseases remains to be fully addressed.
this includes polar segregation of damaged proteins and ercs due to the septin-based diffusion barrier , asymmetric inheritance of mdr proteins and retrograde protein transport.
further strengthening the links between cell polarity and aging is a large number of common genes associated with both polarity and longevity.
consequently , exploring the potential mammalian equivalents of yeast-established polarity mechanisms could be the focus for future biogerontological investigations.
our practice has long been concerned with the effects of display quality , including color accuracy and matching among paired color displays.
three years of data have been collected on the historical behavior of color stability on our clinical displays.
this has permitted an analysis of the color-aging behavior of those displays over that time.
the results of that analysis show that all displays tend to yellow over time , but that they do so together.
lobar atrophy present in most of the younger patients was prominent in only @percent@ of the elderly subjects.
unlabelled : increased carotid intima-media thickness ( cimt ) in adults may be caused by a childhood exposure to cardiovascular risk factors.
we performed a pubmed literature search from @date@ to @date@ .
two reviewers separately verified the inclusion criteria of relevant studies for the objective of the review.
diseases caused by pneumococci and influenza viruses can lead to severe complications in children , in older , chronically ill and immunosuppressed patients.
in an aging population in western countries they present an important cause of morbidity and mortality.
additionally , antibiotic resistance may complicate a therapy.
consequently , the need of an effective vaccine is obvious.
the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine has been discussed critically.
new meta-analyses do not show an efficacy in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease or death of all cause.
however , a very recent study has shown a significant reduction of pneumonias and death due to pneumococcal disease in nursing-home residents.
the 7-valent conjugated vaccine is more immunogenic and efficient in children and first studies demonstrate its efficacy in immunosuppressed persons.
influenza-vaccines are effective , while vaccines with an adjuvance seem more immunogenic , in particular in older persons.
the 2010 / 2011 influenza vaccine has been adapted and includes the pandemic influenza h1n1 @number@ strain.
the influenza vaccine often does not provide protection against infection , however , it does provide good efficacy against severe complications related to influenza.
purpose : to test the marginal adaptation of class iv restorations made of different composite materials designed for anterior use.
this articles concerns itself with the testing of adhesion between direct restoratives and dental hard tissue , ie , enamel and dentin.
the aim is to survey available methods for adhesion testing and influential parameters affecting experimental outcome.
the purpose of this review is to provide a current overview of bond strength testing methods and their applicability to the characterization of dental adhesives.
this article summarizes the basics of macro and micro approaches to shear and tensile bond strength testing , as well as push- and pull-out tests.
increasing life expectancy in industrialized societies has resulted in a huge population of older adults with cardiovascular disease.
despite advances in device therapy and surgery , the mainstay of treatment for these disorders remains pharmacological.
numerous trials have demonstrated reduction in these adverse outcomes with antihypertensive drugs.
after acute myocardial infarction , β-adrenergic blockers reduce mortality regardless of patient age.
statins and antiplatelet drugs have proven beneficial in both primary and , especially , secondary prevention of coronary events in older adults.
the high risk of stroke in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation is markedly reduced with warfarin , although bleeding risk is increased.
purpose of review : hiv infection is characterized by chronic immune system activation and inflammatory cytokine production.
microbial translocation of gut bacterial components is associated with chronic immune activation and possibly systemic inflammation.
antiretroviral therapy may not fully normalize this condition.
summary : several inflammatory biomarkers appear to add to our ability to predict mortality or opportunistic disease in hiv-infected individuals.
we compared the expression of selected cell cycle proteins in prenatal and adult tissue and examined the association of these proteins with β-cell replication.
pancreatic tissue from a total of @number@ human fetuses and adults was stained for ki67 , cyclin d3 , p16 and p27 , and insulin.
the β-cellular expression of these cell cycle proteins was determined.
the expression of all three proteins was significantly correlated with each other ( p < @number@ and r > @number@ respectively ) .
the age dependency of cell cycle regulation in human β-cells might explain the reduced β-cell regeneration in adult humans.
here we report that long-term ampakine treatment markedly slows the progression of striatal neuropathology and locomotor dysfunction in the r6 / 2 hd mouse model.
remarkably , these effects were produced by an ampakine , cx929 , with a short half-life.
these findings describe a minimally invasive , pharmacologically plausible strategy for treatment of hd and , potentially , other neuropathological diseases.
changes in protein turnover are among the dominant metabolic changes during aging.
of special importance is the maintenance of nuclear protein homeostasis to ensure a coordinated cellular metabolism.
therefore , in the nucleus a special parp-1-mediated mechanism of proteasomal activation exists to ensure a rapid degradation of oxidized nuclear proteins.
it was already demonstrated earlier that the cytosolic proteasomal system declines dramatically with aging , whereas the nuclear proteasome remains less affected.
we demonstrate here that the stress-mediated proteasomal activation in the nucleus declines during replicative senescence of human fibroblasts.
background : cellulite is a widespread problem involving females ' buttocks and thighs based on the female specific anatomy.
in addition , microcirculatory changes have been suggested , however remain largely unknown in a controlled clinical setting.
methods / design : study design : randomized-controlled trial.
irb approval was granted at hannover medical school , germany on @date@ .
for allocation of participants , a 1 : 1 ratio randomization was performed using opaque envelopes for the concealment of allocation.
reporting : according to consort @number@
eligible patients were females aged @number@ or over and @number@ or younger with cellulite with documented cellulite 1°-4° according to the nürnberger score.
exclusion criteria were suspected or evident pregnancy , no cellulite , no informed consent or age under @number@ years or above @number@ years.
patients were recruited by advertisements in local regional newspapers and via the internet.
analysis : intention-to-treat.
follow-up : @number@ weeks.
only one researcher ( bj ) was aware of the group assignment performing the randomisation and the extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
the main processes involved in skin aging are intrinsic and extrinsic.
apart from them , so called stochastic aging connotes cell damage caused by metabolic processes , free radicals and cosmic irradiation.
the clinical expression of intrinsic aging include smooth , dry , and thinned skin with accentuated expression lines.
it is inevitable and time dependent.
extrinsically aged skin shows signs of photodamage which include appearance of wrinkles , pigmented lesions , actinic keratoses and patchy hypopigmentations.
therapeutic modalities imply photoprotection with sunscreens that prevent sunburns and block ultraviolet irradiation.
other modalities include use of retinoids which regulate gene transcription with subsequent cellular differentiation and proliferation.
the other antioxidants such as green tea , dehydroepiandrosterone , melatonin , selenium and resveratrol , have also antiaging and anti-inflammatory effects.
topical bleaching agents such as hydroquinone , kojic acid and azelaic acid can reduce signs of aging.
studies confirm the efficacy of these topical agents in combination with superficial and / or medium depth or deep peeling agents for photodamaged skin treatment.
aging of the population is a growing problem in all developed societies.
the older people need more health and social services , and their life quality in there is getting more and more important.
the study aimed at determining the characteristics of non-verbal communication of the older people living in old people's homes ( oph ) .
the sample consisted of @number@ residents of the oph , aged 65-96 years , and @number@ caregivers from randomly selected twenty-seven oph.
three types of non-verbal communication were observed and analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods.
in different modes of speaking and paralinguistic signs almost @percent@ older people spoke normally , about @percent@ kept silent , while they rarely quarrelled.
the caregivers should be aware of this and pay a lot of attention to these two groups of non-verbal expressions.
their importance should be constantly emphasized during the educational process of all kinds of health-care professionals as well.
the analyses of several discrimination parameters ( d ' and probability of recognition ) and the response criterion yielded significant age differences.
the response criterion of younger participants was always conservative , whereas older participants only showed liberal criteria in front of faces with emotional expressions.
the results are partially explained by the tasks differential difficulty , and are discussed within the frame of simulation theory.
although sleep disturbance is common among the elderly , such elderly patients have been considered difficult to treat because the underlying mechanisms are complicated.
however , these patients often exhibit adverse effects such as daytime somnolence , poor motor coordination , and an increased risk of falls.
this article reviews the pathology , symptoms , and management of sleep disturbances in elderly patients.
as a consequence of aging , elderly people exhibit alterations in the sleep architecture and sleep-wake rhythm.
furthermore , these patients usually exhibit a multiple sleep-wake rhythm , and an advanced sleep phase.
benzodiazepine ( bzp ) hypnotics have been the primary treatments for sleep disturbances , and are effective and safe when prescribed within the recommended guidelines.
hypnotic drugs should be used carefully to avoid causing delirium , amnesia , and falls.
in addition to alterations in the sleep architecture and sleep-wake rhythm , several sleep disorders become more prevalent in the elderly.
these disorders have a pathology distinct from those of primary insomnia , and require a different treatment strategy.
furthermore , these disorders are usually refractory to bzp hypnotics.
adequate evaluations and diagnoses are , therefore , essential for successful management.
unlabelled : a main aim of the paper is decomposition of changes in life expectancies by age groups in the postwar poland.
source of data under study is period life tables for the polish population , 1950-2008.
main observations : in the first two postwar decades increase in life expectancy at age @number@ was concentrated among young people.
the changes are more distinct in females.
results : the most important effect of the study is quantification how different age groups mortality reduction impacts life expectancy of the newborn.
materials and methods : nine patients underwent one full-face treatment.
the energy levels ranged from 30-70 mj with coverage between @percent@ and @percent@.
standardized photographs using the canfield visia cr system® were assessed by two independent observers.
subjective improvement was assessed by patient questionnaires.
results : nine chinese patients ( skin types iii and iv , mean age @number@ ) were included.
statistically significant improvements were seen for skin texture , skin laxity , wrinkles , enlarged pores , and acne scars.
the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rate was @percent@ and @percent@ at @number@ and @number@ months post-treatment , respectively.
eighty-six percent of patients were overall satisfied to very satisfied with the treatment.
conclusion : ablative fractional co₂ laser resurfacing was overall safe and effective for skin rejuvenation and acne scars in asians.
this study shows a good correlation for munix between intra- and interoperator results in both normal controls and als patients.
the test-retest variability seems to be greater in als patients compared with normal controls , but this will need to be confirmed in future studies.
sources of variability should be identified and corrected for clinical use.
given the profound impact on public health , much research has focused on the age-specific risk of developing dementia and the impact on survival.
early work has discussed various methods of estimating age-specific incidence of dementia , among which the illness-death model is popular for modeling disease progression.
in this article we use multiple imputation to fit multi-state models for survival data with interval censoring and left truncation.
this approach allows semi-markov models in which survival after dementia depends on onset age.
such models can be used to estimate the cumulative risk of developing dementia in the presence of the competing risk of dementia-free death.
simulations are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed method.
the study reported sex differences in qus growth curves and an inverse relationship between bmi and speed of sound ( sos ) measures.
methods : the study sample consisted of a total of @number@ caucasian children participating in the fels longitudinal study.
a total of @number@ calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation ( bua ) and sos observations were obtained between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years.
the best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models.
results : there are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in qus parameters ( p < @number@ ) .
the relationship between qus measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls.
boys experience their most rapid growth in bua and sos in early and late adolescence , while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood.
for girls , physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in qus measures ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : this study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in qus measures over childhood and adolescence.
our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in qus measures during childhood.
summary : we studied femoral geometry in relation to age and ethnicity in a cross-sectional study.
cortical thickness may thus be a major determinant of hip fracture risk.
introduction : the rate of hip fracture varies by age and ethnicity.
the geometric properties of the femur influence femoral strength and fragility , but differences in femoral geometry according to age and ethnicity are poorly understood.
methods : we recruited @number@ peri- or postmenopausal women aged @number@ to @number@ years ( mean age , @number@ years ) .
their proximal femoral bone mineral densities ( bmd ) were measured by quantitative computed tomography and further analyzed geometric properties.
cortical thickness decreased remarkably with age as well , and only @percent@ of the baseline value remained in the oldest group.
as a result , the cortical buckling ratio increased geometrically and reached @percent@ of the reference value in the oldest group.
in comparisons with other ethnic groups , korean subjects had thicker cortices than their american , european , and african counterparts.
conclusions : in this cross-sectional study , cortical thickness showed a pronounced age-associated decrease , and the cortical buckling ratio showed a strong age-associated increase.
this may in part explain the higher rates of hip fractures in the elderly.
tissue specific somatic mutations occurring in the mtdna control region have been proposed to provide a survival advantage.
data on twins and on relatives of long-lived subjects suggested that the occurrence / accumulation of these mutations may be genetically influenced.
we found a significant correlation of the mtdna control region heteroplasmy between sibs , confirming a genetic influence on this phenomenon.
furthermore , many subjects showed heteroplasmy due to mutations different from the c150t transition.
in these cases heteroplasmy was correlated within sibpairs in finnish and northern italian samples , but not in southern italians.
this suggested that the genetic contribution to control region mutations may be population specific.
methodology / principal findings : we recruited @number@ observers with normal vision across the age span ( age 21-85 ) .
we further expanded this interesting finding to show that both young and old adults tend to over-count small numbers , but older observers over-count more.
control experiments indicate that the degraded performance cannot be explained by optical , retinal or other perceptual factors , but is cortical in origin.
ubiquitination controls many critical cellular processes , most of which require specific lysines on ubiquitin ( ub ) .
of the @number@ lysines ( k ) least is known about effects of modification of k6.
the backbone of k6w-ub is indistinguishable from that of wt-ub.
k6w-ub is effectively conjugated and deconjugated but the conjugates are not degraded via the ubiquitin proteasome pathways ( upp ) .
the latter is critical for transparency , but the mechanism by which cell nuclei are removed has remained an age old enigma.
this was also solved by expressing k6w-ub. p27 ( kip ) , a upp substrate accumulates in lenses which express k6w-ub.
this precludes phosphorylation of nuclear lamin by the mitotic kinase , a prerequisite for disassembly of the nuclear membrane.
thus the nucleus remains intact and dnaseiiβ neither gains entry to the nucleus nor degrades the dna.
these results could not be obtained using chemical proteasome inhibitors that cannot be directed to specific tissues.
a fully functional upp is required to execute most stages of lens differentiation , specifically removal of cell nuclei.
in the absence of a functional upp , small aggregate prone , cataractous lenses are formed.
pten , a , serves dual roles as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular anabolic / catabolic metabolism.
objective : the apoa2 gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance ( ir ) in animal and human studies with controversial results.
we have reported an apoa2-saturated fat interaction determining body mass index ( bmi ) and obesity in american populations.
this work aims to extend our findings to european and asian populations.
anthropometric , clinical , biochemical , lifestyle and dietary variables were determined.
homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used in asians.
results : frequency of cc ( homozygous for the minor allele ) subjects differed among populations ( 1-15% ) .
we confirmed a recessive effect of the apoa2 polymorphism and replicated the apoa2-saturated fat interaction on body weight.
we also found a significant apoa2-saturated fat interaction in determining ir in chinese and asian indians ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the influence of the apoa2 -265t > c polymorphism on body-weight-related measures was modulated by saturated fat in mediterranean and asian populations.
terra abundance is highly dependent on developmental status ( including nuclear reprogramming ) , telomere length , cellular stresses , tumour stage and chromatin structure.
however , the molecular mechanisms and factors controlling terra levels are still largely unknown.
the identification was carried out by biotin pull-down assays followed by lc-maldi tof / tof mass spectrometry.
different members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family are among the ribonucleoprotein family that bind more abundantly to terra.
downregulation of terra-bound rbps by small interfering rna further shows that they can impact on terra abundance , their location and telomere lengthening.
these findings anticipate an impact of terra-associated rbps on telomere biology and telomeres diseases , such as cancer and aging.
in recent years , the placebo effect has been a topic of considerable interest both in the scientific and the clinical community.
here we summarize and discuss the current insights into placebo mechanisms and discuss the potentially widespread implications for research and clinical practice.
the widening gap between transplant demand and supply has prompted the expansion of selection criteria for kidney donation to increase the available donor pool.
to fill this imbalance and improve graft outcomes , the transplant of @number@ older kidneys in the same recipient has been proposed.
this procedure , however , does not always confer the same benefit of single transplants from young donors.
this strategy has provided excellent outcomes even when kidneys from donors older than @number@ years have been used.
the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is involved in several physiological processes.
however , it is also believed to contribute to cancer progression.
conversely , cellular senescence constitutes a failsafe program against cancer progression.
interestingly , emt and senescence seem to cross paths , with several factors playing dominant roles in both settings.
here , we describe recent observations that link these important cellular processes.
foxo transcription factors ( tfs ) extend lifespan in invertebrates and may participate in the control of human longevity.
thus , eak proteins regulate the activity of nuclear daf-16 / foxo.
two eak proteins , eak-2 / hsd-1 and eak-7 , influence c. elegans lifespan and are conserved in mammals.
insulin-like growth factors were discovered more than @number@ years ago as mediators of growth hormone that effect growth and differentiation of bone and skeletal muscle.
greater success with these agents clinically is expected when combining the agents with inhibitors of other cell signaling pathways in which cross-resistance has been observed.
objective : it is unclear whether implicit probabilistic learning , the acquisition of regularities without intent or explicit knowledge , declines with healthy aging.
fifteen young and @number@ old adults responded only to the last event in a series of discrete 3-event sequences or triplets.
a randomly chosen set of triplets occurred with high frequency , so there was no underlying rule to be learned.
results : both age groups learned associative regularities , but age differences in favor of the young emerged with practice.
discussion.
we sought to compare associations between performance-based , self-report , and proxy report of functional status in centenarians.
we hypothesized that the discrepancy between self-report and observed daily functioning would be modified by cognitive status.
design and methods : two hundred and forty-four centenarians from the georgia centenarian study were included in this cross-sectional population-based study.
results : associations between observed and proxy reports were stronger than between observed and self-report across badl and iadl measures.
implications : results demonstrate associations between @number@ methods of assessing functional status and suggest proxy reports are generally more accurate than self-report measures.
alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a neurological disorder characterized by episodes of hemiplegia , various non-epileptic paroxysmal events and global neurological impairment.
characterization of the evolution and outcome into adulthood has not been sufficiently investigated.
the study was based on predominantly retrospective and , for a period of @number@ years , prospective data.
at inclusion , patients were aged from @number@ months to @number@ years.
the median age at diagnosis was @number@ months.
no statistically significant correlation between a history of severe paroxysmal hemiplegic / dystonic episodes and a worse neurological outcome was identified.
seven patients died , some of whom experienced severe plegic attacks or epileptic seizures at the time of death.
history of severe plegic / dystonic attacks was not found to be an aggravating factor for deceased patients.
our results provide evidence that the natural history of alternating hemiplegia is highly variable and unpredictable for individual patients.
however , we did not find evidence to support a steadily progressive and degenerative course of the disorder when patients were analysed as a group.
for a minority of patients , a risk of sudden death was associated with more severe neurological impairment.
introduction : population aging has become a global phenomenon , and hiv infection among older individuals is also increasing.
because age can affect the progression of hiv infection , we aimed to evaluate the present knowledge on hiv infection in older patients.
methods : literature review of the last @number@ years.
results : older hiv-infected patients have lower cd4 ( + ) t cell counts , higher viral load and are more frequently symptomatic at diagnosis.
the infection progresses more rapidly , with higher morbidity and lethality rates.
however , older patients are more compliant to antiretroviral treatment ; they experience a better virologic response , and treatment represents a positive clinical impact.
aging affects the complex interaction between hiv infection and the immune system.
older patients also exhibit a less robust humoral response , with the production of less avid and specific antibodies.
conclusion : both hiv and aging contribute to immune dysfunction , morbidity and mortality.
its protein stability is regulated by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation , mainly mediated by mdm2.
however , other e3 ligases have been identified , such as the chaperone-associated ligase chip , although their precise function regarding p53 degradation remains elusive.
in this study , we explore the role of chip in regulating p53 in senescence.
we demonstrate that in senescent human fibroblasts , chip is up-regulated concomitant with a significant down-regulation of p53.
moreover , chip partially translocates to the nucleus and acquires higher ubiquitination levels in senescent cells.
in addition , whereas chip silencing has no effect on p53 stability in young cells , a considerable p53 accumulation occurs in their senescent counterparts.
taking these results together , we conclude that chip-dependent p53 regulation occurs specifically during senescence.
healthy younger and older adults were tested on a simple go / nogo task with visually presented numbers.
older adults showed slower go responses but a comparable accuracy to younger controls.
the parietal go-p3 latency was also delayed with aging , while the central nogo-p3 was more pronounced in older adults than in younger controls.
the amplitude of this component negatively correlated with go-rts.
neurological accidents involving the internal capsule indicate differential functional correlates with its sectors.
greater age-related degradation was evident in the anterior than posterior limb and in the superior than inferior division of the internal capsule.
the superior division age effect was especially notable in axial and radial diffusivity.
aims : we explore home care nurse decision-making about the need for and amount of service by clients and families at the end of life.
we identify factors nurses refer to when describing these decisions , situated within contextual features of nursing practice.
understanding how these decisions , are made , factors that are considered , and contextual influences is critical for improving access and enhancing care.
the second group ( n = @number@ ) completed in-person interviews focusing on access to care and their interactions with clients and families.
data were analysed with thematic coding and constant comparison.
findings : participants described assessing client and family needs and capacity.
in describing decisions , participants referred to concepts such as expertise , practice ideals and approaches to care.
veridical recollection was impaired in old age in all memory conditions.
there was evidence for a higher rate of false recollection of rearranged pairs following exact repetition of study pairs in older but not younger adults.
older adults were just as able as young adults to use item familiarity to recognize which word of a foil was old.
a modeling simulation provided good fits to these data and offers a mechanistic explanation based on an age-related reduction of working memory.
investigating the predictors of age-related cognitive change is a research priority.
these two issues were examined in the lothian birth cohorts of @number@ and @number@
cognitive ability data were available from age @number@ years when the participants completed the moray house test no. @number@ ( mht ) .
the lothian birth cohort @number@ ( lbc1936 ) completed the mht a second time at age @number@
the lothian birth cohort @number@ ( lbc1921 ) completed the mht at ages @number@ and @number@
we examined cognitive stability and change from childhood to old age in both cohorts , and within old age in the lbc1921.
therefore , minimum estimates of the variance in later-life mht accounted for by childhood performance on the same test ranged from 26-44%.
it did not.
older adults ( especially men ) endorsed cognitive compensation and interpersonal enjoyment and reported using collaboration more frequently than middle-aged adults.
greater need for cognitive compensation was related to lower cognitive ability only for older wives.
greater marital satisfaction was associated with greater interpersonal enjoyment.
these two functions related to reports of more frequent use of collaboration and perceptions of spousal affiliation in a collaborative task.
this article contains an error in the discussion , under the implications , caveats , future directions heading.
the third paragraph includes the sentences that should have been removed.
the corrected paragraph appears in the correction. ]
personality was assessed with the neo-ffi.
we hypothesized that elevated neuroticism , lower openness , and lower conscientiousness would be independently associated with risk of ad.
hypotheses were supported.
the link between lower openness and ad risk is consistent with recent findings on cognitive activity and ad risk.
findings have implications for prevention research and for the conceptualization of the etiology of ad.
it is commonly found that memory for context declines disproportionately with aging , arguably due to a general age-related deficit in associative memory processes.
one possible mechanism for such deficits is an age-related reduction in available processing resources.
in two experiments we compared the effects of aging to the effects of division of attention in younger adults on memory for items and context.
results suggested that the old group showed an additional deficit in associative memory that was not mimicked by divided attention.
few studies have examined working memory ( wm ) training-related gains and their transfer and maintenance effects in older adults.
maintenance of training benefits was evaluated at 8-month follow-up.
trained older adults showed higher performance than did controls on the criterion task and maintained this benefit after @number@ months.
substantial general transfer effects were found for the trained group , but not for the control one.
transfer maintenance gains were found at follow-up , but only for fluid intelligence and processing speed tasks.
the results are discussed in terms of cognitive plasticity in older adults.
problems with face recognition are frequent in older adults.
however , the mechanisms involved have only been partially discovered.
in particular , it is unknown to what extent these problems may be related to changes in configural face processing.
we used a same / different unfamiliar face discrimination task with @number@ young and @number@ older adults.
the results showed dissociations in the performances of older versus younger adults.
there was a lack of inversion effect during the recognition of original faces by older adults.
most importantly , the detection of vertical modifications was preserved in older relative to young adults whereas the detection of horizontal modifications was markedly diminished.
we conclude that age has dissociable effects on configural face-encoding processes , with a relative preservation of vertical compared to horizontal second-order relations processing.
the present study examined whether people become more susceptible to capture by salient objects as they age.
participants searched a target display for a letter in a specific color and indicated its identity.
on half of the trials , this cue display also contained a salient-but-irrelevant abrupt onset.
therefore , the abrupt onset was unable to capture attention away from the target-color cue.
critically , older adults demonstrated the same resistance to capture by the abrupt onset.
experiment @number@ extended these findings to irrelevant color singleton cues.
thus , we argue that the ability to attend to relevant stimuli and resist capture by salient-but-irrelevant stimuli is preserved with advancing age.
recent evidence suggests that emotional well-being improves from early adulthood to old age.
this study used experience-sampling to examine the developmental course of emotional experience in a representative sample of adults spanning early to very late adulthood.
using a measurement burst design , the one-week sampling procedure was repeated five and then ten years later.
findings are discussed in the theoretical context of socioemotional selectivity theory.
subjects were divided into @number@ groups based on a 2-group ( young or old ) by 2-order ( random or blocked practice ) between-subject design.
three days after practice ( day @number@ ) , subjects were tested with practiced and novel sequences to evaluate sequence-specific learning.
the results replicate the ci effect in sequence learning in both young and older adults.
our study underscores the distinction between age-related effects on learning vs. performance , and offers practical implications for enhancing skill learning in older adults.
this study assessed motor limits of regular tapping , timing error detection , and correction in @number@ participants aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
rate limitations on motor production were estimated from the average inter-tap interval when tapping as fast as possible for @number@ s.
this was performed with or without synchronizing to the sounds.
on average , jnds were @percent@ of the inter-onset interval and by and large were not affected by synchronization tapping.
speed of error correction was estimated from the number of tones to return within @percent@ of the preshift synchronization error.
consistent with previous findings of motor slowing with aging , the fastest inter-tap interval increased with age.
these results point towards intact timing error processing up to an advanced age.
the control group ( @number@ clusters , n = @number@ ) did not receive micronutrient powder until after the study period.
blood hemoglobin concentration was assessed at the start and end of the intervention.
compliance with the intervention was high , with children consuming on average @number@ of the @number@ sachets given.
background : iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are the most common nutritional deficiencies in children , especially in developing countries.
iron-deficiency anemia in infancy is associated with impaired neurodevelopment.
studies have shown an association between iron deficiency without anemia and adverse effects on psychomotor development.
objective : to determine the effects of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia on psychomotor development in childhood.
methods : .
conclusions : iron-deficiency anemia impaired psychomotor development during childhood.
however , the evidence on the adverse effects of iron deficiency remains controversial.
the denver ii developmental screening test is a valuable test to detect early developmental delays , especially in infants with risk factors.
eighty-four percent of the younger age group and @percent@ of seniors reported positive tendencies on four or more of these factors.
the more factors on which positive tendencies were reported , the greater the likelihood of having good health.
hoarding interventions with older adults require significant resources from multiple public agencies , yet recidivism occurs frequently.
to improve services through better coordination , some communities have formed multiagency hoarding teams ( maht ) , which include aging services.
mahts requested this mixed methods study to understand the progression of cases through the public sector.
quantitative data collected on @number@ cases involving adults ages 60 + identified steps in this process.
qualitative data collected from maht members were the basis for case studies illustrating the progression of cases through the public sector.
findings have implications for social workers involved in local service coordination , training , and policy.
nonclinical juvenile toxicity studies are usually required as part of this assessment.
the protocols for juvenile toxicity studies are devised in consultation with the fda or emea.
recent biogerontological findings in ukraine are critically reviewed.
aging is associated with loss of endurance ; however , aging is also associated with decreased fatigue during maximal isometric contractions.
subjects were @number@ pre-menopausal women.
however , age was associated with reduced we ( @number@ p < @number@ ) .
in premenopausal women , age is related to we and mif.
in addition , these results support the hypothesis that age-related increases in metabolic economy may decrease mif.
however , decreased muscle strength and oxidative capacity are related to we.
this may be exacerbated by underlying comorbidities which preclude or limit the utility of some therapies including medications.
published literature on the use and clinical outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation in older adults was reviewed and summarized.
sacral neuromodulation may represent a viable , minimally invasive treatment option for some older adults.
twenty healthy individuals of each age group ( 11-20 ; 21-30 ; 31-40 ; 41-50 ; and 51-60 years ) were selected randomly.
blood samples were drawn by medical practitioner and lymphocytes were isolated from blood samples.
malondialdehyde ( mda ) , protein carbonyls ( pc ) level were evaluated to determine the lipid and protein damage in lymphocytes.
increased mda and pc levels strongly support the increased oxidative damage in elderly subject than young subjects.
the results indicated that , balance of oxidant and antioxidant systems in lymphocytes shifts in favor of accelerated oxidative damage during aging.
thus oxidative stress in lymphocytes may particular interest in aging and may play important role in immunosenescence.
discussion : the results of this study indicate that research is needed to determine what mediates the relationship between volunteering and hypertension.
plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments.
environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health.
airway hyperresponsiveness ( ahr ) is a characteristic feature of asthma.
it has been proposed that an increase in the shortening velocity of airway smooth muscle ( asm ) could contribute to ahr.
experiments were performed in vitro using @number@ rat tracheal asm strips supramaximally stimulated with methacholine.
a large amplitude oscillation was applied every @number@ min to simulate a deep breath.
we conclude that , if asthma involves an increase in asm velocity , this could be an important factor in the associated ahr.
aim : to study longitudinal changes in optic nerve head ( onh ) topography in healthy volunteers.
images were re-evaluated with hrt iii and onhs graded as normal , borderline or glaucomatous with the moorfield regression analysis ( mra ) .
conclusion : age-dependent changes occur in onh topography detectable with the hrt.
objective : to characterize skin wrinkles and rigidity in recently menopausal women.
design : baseline assessment of participants before randomization to study drug.
setting : multicenter trial , university medical centers.
patient ( s ) : recently menopausal participants enrolled in the kronos early estrogen prevention study ( keeps ) .
intervention ( s ) : skin wrinkles were assessed at @number@ locations on the face and neck using the lemperle wrinkle scale.
skin rigidity was assessed at the forehead and cheek using a durometer.
main outcome measure ( s ) : skin wrinkles and rigidity were compared among race / ethnic groups.
skin wrinkles and rigidity were correlated with age , time since menopause , weight , and body mass index ( bmi ) .
in white women , chronological age was significantly correlated with worsening skin wrinkles , but not with rigidity.
skin rigidity correlated with increasing length of time since menopause , however , only in the white subgroup.
in the combined study group , increasing weight was associated with less skin wrinkling.
conclusion ( s ) : skin characteristics of recently menopausal women are not well studied.
ethnic differences in skin characteristics are widely accepted , but poorly described.
in recently menopausal women not using hormone therapy ( ht ) , significant racial differences in skin wrinkling and rigidity exist.
continued study of the keeps population will provide evidence of the effects of ht on the skin aging process in early menopausal women.
multidisciplinary orthogeriatric care can enhance prompt ed diagnosis , optimal pre- and postoperative care , and functional recovery in older adults with bony injuries.
emergency care providers should be cognizant of prevalent geriatric syndromes including delirium and standing level falls to minimize fracture-related morbidity.
americans are living longer than ever before in history.
with age comes an increased risk for chronic mental health disorders.
the prevalence of mental health disorders among the elderly is often unrecognized.
one in four older adults lives with depression , anxiety disorders , or other significant psychiatric disorders.
this article describes policy issues related to chronic mental health disorders and the older population.
background : the congenital heart disease population is aging.
methods : we performed time trend analysis using a quebec congenital heart disease database constructed from administrative data.
we included congenital heart patients of all ages having cardiac surgical operations.
heart lesions were classified as \ "severe \ " and \ "other. \ "
an adapted aristotle score was developed to classify procedures based on surgical risk.
results : from @number@ to @number@ we followed @number@ patients for @number@ person-years.
we identified @number@ cardiac surgical operations.
there was a @percent@ increase in volumes and a @percent@ increase in surgical rates over time.
in children , congenital surgical operations remained constant , accounting for @percent@ of all surgical operations.
in adults , valvular operations were the most common type of surgical operations , increasing from @percent@ to @percent@ of all procedures over time.
rates of valvular operations increased significantly in all adult subgroups and in children with severe lesions.
conclusions : the need for valvular interventions has increased in the last two decades in congenital heart disease patients.
these findings should be taken into account when allocating resources that will optimize outcomes for this growing population.
comparable results were obtained with human and monkey ache.
differences between human , swine , rabbit , rat and guinea pig ache were determined for the inhibition and reactivation kinetics.
obidoxime was by far the most effective reactivator with all tested species.
only minor species differences were found for the aging and spontaneous reactivation kinetics.
coinhibition is exploited by prostate cancer as an immune evasion pathway.
therapies that block b7x and b7-h3 , either as monotherapies or in synergism with traditional therapies , should be pursued.
grp78 is a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone as well as a master regulator of the unfolded protein response.
another exciting discovery is the regulation of grp78 by insulin / igf-1 signaling pathways impacting cell proliferation and survival.
mouse models of cancer , in combination with cell culture studies , validate the critical role of grp78 in tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis.
further , these studies demonstrate the ability of grp78 to suppress oncogenic pi3k / akt signaling.
the discovery of cell surface grp78 , in cancer cells and cells undergoing er stress , presents a novel therapeutic strategy.
the present paper provides information of the institutional manager's perception on early onset aging and service preparation for this population.
we used purposive sampling to recruit @number@ institutional managers who care for people with intellectual disabilities in taiwan.
the present study employed a cross-sectional design using a self-administrative structured questionnaire that was completed by the respondents in @date@ .
the results showed that more than @percent@ of the respondents agreed with earlier onset aging characteristics of people with id.
in the past two decades , there has been an exponential increase in the use of medicinal herbal products around the world.
additionally , information on certain herbal products is either misleading , or simply unavailable.
these products may indeed be a therapeutic option , but some can be used properly only under the guidance of a health professional.
those oa taking combinations of various medications and herbal supplements are also more at risk to experience some sort of herb-drug interactions.
this topic is currently not fully understood and further research is warranted.
appps1 transgenic mice develop amyloid-β @number@ ( aβ42 ) -driven early-onset cerebral β-amyloidosis.
we analyzed data of @number@ non-diabetic koreans using fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) criteria and hba1c criteria in screening for diabetes.
the dm-by-hba1c group had significantly older age , higher proportion of women , and lower hemoglobin concentration.
the dm-by-fpg group had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure , fasting serum insulin , and homa-ir.
further studies are needed to determine which of these criteria is superior in predicting the risks of long-term vascular complications of diabetes.
methods : women seen in outpatient female urology clinics were identified by icd-9 codes for oab and recruited.
patients with painful bladder syndrome , mixed stress and urge incontinence , prolapse , or recent pelvic surgery were excluded.
qualitative data analysis was performed using grounded theory methodology.
results : five focus groups totaling @number@ women with oab were conducted.
average patient age was @number@ years ( range , 39-91 ) .
the results of diagnostic studies often were not understood by older patients.
many women were dissatisfied with the care they had received.
this lack of knowledge and understanding was more apparent among the elderly women in the group.
conclusions : findings demonstrated a poor understanding of the physiology of overactive bladder and the rationale for various diagnostic modalities and treatments.
this was associated with dissatisfaction with care.
there is a need for better communication with older women experiencing oab symptoms about the physiology of the condition.
e7 is the major oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomaviruses ( hpv ) which causes cervical cancer.
to date e7 oncoproteins have not been investigated in cervical adenocarcinoma.
using rabmab42-3 , we show that the subcellular localization of endogenous hpv-16 e7 oncoprotein varies during the cell cycle in cervical cancer cells.
our findings suggest that the hpv-16 e7 oncoprotein could be a useful marker for the detection of cervical adenocarcinoma and their precursors.
there are an increasing number of studies on the localization of personality using voxel-based morphometry.
in this study , @number@ healthy subjects underwent mri investigation and completed a german version of the ffm personality questionnaire.
voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the correlation between the ffm personality traits and subtle brain structure.
different nc combinations were used during the model specification.
significant clusters were found only under the condition of some of the nc combinations but not under the others.
as a final step , theoretical implications of the results are discussed , before accepting the selected model.
over the past two decades it became evident that the immune system plays a central role in modulating learning , memory and neural plasticity.
we investigated the sub-nuclear localization of hexo1 during s-phase progression and in response to laser-induced dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) .
we show that hexo1 and pcna co-localize in replication foci.
this apparent interaction is sustained throughout s-phase.
we also demonstrate that hexo1 is rapidly recruited to dna dsbs.
this motif is essential for pcna binding and co-localization during s-phase.
recruitment of hexo1 to dna dsb sites is dependent on the mmr protein hmlh1.
moreover , low t ( b ) has been shown to improve health and longevity independent of cr.
in this review we examine the connections between cr , t ( b ) and mechanisms that influence longevity and ageing.
this information is summarized in a model describing how cr and low t ( b ) , both synergistically and independently , increase lifespan.
our understanding of the overlap between cr- and t ( b ) -mediated longevity remains incomplete and should be explored in future research.
there is increasing evidence that children with autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) have differences in brain growth trajectory.
however , the neurobiological basis of asd in adults is poorly understood.
this consumes very significant health care resources , and so we need to identify new cost-effective methods to aid current diagnostic practice.
hence further studies are required to determine if smri can become an aid to current diagnostic practice in young adults with asd.
we tested the hypothesis that feeling alone is associated with the rate of motor decline in community-dwelling older persons.
annual detailed assessment of @number@ measures of muscle strength and @number@ motor performances were summarized in a composite measure of global motor function.
furthermore , this amount of motor decline per year was associated with about a @percent@ increased risk of death.
however , the extent to which cps and cn interact during earlier stages of disease progression remains unknown.
the results revealed a parallel increase in cp i and the @number@ kda cn-aα ( δcn-aα48 ) proteolytic fragment in cytosolic fractions during mci.
in primary rat hippocampal cultures , cp-dependent proteolysis and activation of cn was stimulated by application of oligomeric aβ ( ( 1-42 ) ) peptides.
deleterious effects of aβ on neuronal morphology were reduced by blockade of either cp or cn.
relative to controls , mci subjects showed significantly greater proteolytic levels of the nr2b subunit.
within subjects , the extent of nr2b proteolysis was strongly correlated with the generation of δcn-aα48 in the cytosol.
while oocyte quality is known to decay with somatic aging , it is not a given that different biological functions decay concurrently.
in this study , we tested whether oocyte's reprogramming ability decreases with aging.
despite the differences in transcriptome between climacteric and young ooplasts , gene expression profiles of scnt blastocysts were very similar.
importantly , embryonic stem cell lines with capacity to differentiate into tissues from all germ layers were derived from scnt blastocysts obtained from climacteric ooplasts.
however , more outgrowths were derived from scnt blastocysts developed in the presence of a p53 inhibitor , indicating a beneficial effect on trophectoderm function.
calorie restriction ( cr ) reduces bone quantity but not bone quality in rodents.
nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of cr with adequate intake of vitamin and minerals on bone quantity and quality in middle-aged lean individuals.
in the uk , these strains are considered to be rare and mainly severe.
we estimate the proportion of staphylococcal infections that are caused by strains containing the pvl genes , and describe risk factors for these infections.
three hundred and ninety consecutive s. aureus clinical isolates , submitted for routine diagnostic purposes were screened for pvl genes.
risk factors for infection were identified from the patient medical record.
@percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @percent@ ) of clinical isolates and @percent@ of skin and soft tissue specimens contained the genes for pvl.
over half of pvl positive s. aureus infections originated in patients based in the community.
community-onset pvl-associated disease is common in the uk and mainly causes skin and soft tissue infections that do not require admission to hospital.
consideration should be given to current infection control strategy , which advocates household contact screening and decolonization on the assumption that pvl-associated disease is rare.
however , there are considerable variations between asian countries because of great disparity in socioeconomic status.
however , much evidence is still needed as asian countries have great diversity in culture , societal values and men's needs.
asian time-tested wisdom on a balanced healthy lifestyle to longevity should be explored as potential men's health promotional programs.
with the aging of the population , low bone mass states will be an increasing clinical issue for both men and women.
conclusion : although older people varied widely in tactile sensitivity , our results show that tactile thresholds increased with age.
objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging on nasal tactile sensitivity.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy patients aged between @number@ and @number@ years were included.
the sensitivity threshold was recorded as the minimum monofilament size from which patients could detect at least two of three stimuli.
accumulation of hmgb1 at sites of oxidative dna damage can lead to repair of the dna.
as a redox-sensitive protein , hmgb1 contains three cysteines ( cys23 , @number@ and @number@ ) .
hmgb1 causes activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and increased reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils.
oxidative stress is commonly implicated in aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
mutations in dj-1 are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset pd.
we investigated whether dj-1 can be degraded in oxidative-stressed dopaminergic neuronal cells , leading to loss of its protective role against oxidative stress.
we show that catalytically active mmp3 cleaved dj-1 , and impaired its antioxidant function.
while dj-1 expression was decreased in the substantia nigra of mice administered with mptp , its degradation was largely attenuated in mmp3 knockout mice.
the akt-signaling pathway , thought to mediate the effect of dj-1 on cell survival , was also altered.
mpp ( + ) caused decrease in both phospho-thr308 and phospho-ser473 forms of akt , and this was restored by nngh.
the men were followed @number@ years on average.
the average rate of change per year across frequencies and age was @number@ db.
predicted cross-sectional estimates of change in hearing sensitivity reliably approximated longitudinal trajectories , with slight misestimations in the 8th decade.
this study examined the effects of age and hearing loss on short-term adaptation to accented speech.
data from younger and older listeners in a prior investigation [ gordon-salant et al.
( @number@ ) .
j. acoust.
soc. am.
results showed improvement in recognition scores over four list administrations for the accented stimuli but not for the native english stimuli.
with the growing population of older adults , nurses will need to address age-related cognitive declines.
by approaching cognitive health holistically , the patient will be primed to receive the maximum benefit from cognitive remediation training.
a model emphasizing this approach is provided as adidactic for nurses and other health professionals providing care to their older patients.
the patients were divided into three groups.
group @number@ ( n = @number@ ) received @number@ intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate.
group @number@ ( n = @number@ ) received on-demand monotherapy with vardenafil for @number@ weeks.
group @number@ ( n = @number@ ) received combined treatment with the above modalities in the same doses and duration.
before and @number@ weeks after treatment the patients responded to iief-5 questionnaire.
all the patients showed a significant improvement of the erectile function.
overall ams score after the treatment rose more in patients of groups @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
in group @number@ the changes were weaker but significant ( p = @number@ ) .
androgenic deficiency regressed in groups @number@ and @number@ but enhanced in group @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
domain of sexual symptoms of the ams scale reduced more significantly in patients of groups @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
percentage of patients satisfied with the treatment results was @number@ @number@ and @percent@ in groups @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
results : one hundred and twenty-one patients underwent lds between @date@ and @date@ .
median preoperative weight was @number@ kg and median bmi @number@ kg / m ( @number@ ) .
all procedures were performed laparoscopically.
the in-hospital mortality rate was zero.
no ileoduodenal anastomotic stenosis was encountered.
there were four clinical leaks ( 3·3 per cent ) managed by laparoscopic drainage and placement of a feeding jejunostomy.
median percentage excess weight loss was @number@ per cent at @number@ months and @number@ per cent at @number@ months.
thirty-six of @number@ diabetic patients had complete resolution of diabetes within @number@ year.
there were significant improvements in other obesity-related co-morbidity.
only a few patients developed postoperative protein deficiency , and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies were easily managed with oral supplementation.
conclusion : the lds procedure is a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity and its associated co-morbidity in selected patients.
early alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with deficits in episodic memory.
semantic memory and naming have also been found to be affected , although to a lesser degree than episodic memory.
most episodic memory tests used in clinical settings assess intentional memory.
there were no differences in the memo-bnt test scores between the old and young control participants.
there were , however , significant differences between the ad patients and both control groups in several of the memo-bnt measures.
the results indicate that the memo-bnt could be used in clinical settings especially to differentiate between normal aging and mild ad.
we examined social support as a facilitator of advance care planning in unmarried women of different sexual orientations.
our findings indicate that the association between social support and advance care planning was mixed.
specifically , social support had no significant impact on executing a will for either wpw or wpm.
among wpw , naming a health-care proxy was associated with reporting a partner who provided social support.
for wpm , having a partner for social support was not associated with naming a health-care proxy.
these insights help in the understanding of women's advance care planning.
the perception of menopause , menopausal attitudes , and problems faced during this period vary from one society to another.
this study was conducted in order to determine the symptoms and perception of menopause , as well as factors affecting and influencing this perception.
this study was made with the help of @number@ women in menopause who applied to akdeniz university research and application hospital in @date@ .
the study used sociodemographic data from a descriptive survey form.
the data were collected by researchers in face-to-face interviews.
the mean menopause age of participating women was x = @number@ ± @number@
a total of @percent@ of the women had primary education , and @percent@ of the women also had one or two children.
the most important aspect of polyclinic services related to menopause is to increase and maintain women's quality of life.
in this context , education modules should be developed to help couples perceive menopause in a more positive way.
enhanced knowledge and healthy attitudes toward aging sexuality can help promote the perception that full sexual expression is part of the entire extent of adulthood.
we sought to determine gynecologists ' knowledge and attitude regarding sexuality in older women.
a total of @number@ gynecologists in five hospitals responded to the survey : aging sexual attitude and knowledge scale ( askas ) .
neither gender , ethnicity , level of training , nor hospital location demonstrated a significant correlation to either knowledge or attitude scores.
cross-sectional data from the @number@ phase of the longitudinal study of aging in women ( law study ) was analyzed.
self-reported 12-month usage patterns of cam , ah , and mt were determined by mailed questionnaire.
using behavioral self-regulation processes may facilitate exercise among older women with heart disease.
general linear models showed that choosing exercise predicted higher exercise self-regulation scores postprogram and @number@ months later.
in turn , these scores predicted greater improvements in exercise capacity concurrently and @number@ months later.
interaction analyses revealed that the effect of self-regulation on exercise capacity was stronger among women who chose to work on exercise.
the others represented a control group ( c ) that did not exercise.
after the exercise program all participants were reevaluated.
the study examined whether mental stimulation received in the workplace positively affects cognitive functioning and rate of cognitive change.
measures of cognitive stimulation both at work and outside work were available at baseline.
cognitive efficiency was assessed on the three occasions through episodic verbal memory , attention and processing speed tests.
these results were obtained after adjustment for age , education , sex and a variety of medical , physical and psychosocial confounders.
statement of relevance : the effect of occupational activity on cognitive functioning is under-researched.
objectives : suicide is a prevalent problem in older adults.
one of the best predictors of suicide in older adults is suicide ideation ; suicide ideation has been frequently associated with depression.
however , suicide ideation is not always present when an older adult is depressed and is sometimes present when an older adult is not depressed.
thus , perceived burdensomeness may be the necessary risk factor for suicide ideation.
method : the geriatric suicide ideation scale ( gsis ; [ heisel et al.
results : perceived burdensomeness mediated the relation between depression and suicide ideation , accounting for @percent@ of the variance in suicide ideation.
conclusion : perceived burdensomeness may explain the relation between depression and suicide ideation.
clinicians seeing older adults should assess for depression and perceived burdensomeness when determining suicide risk.
future research directions include treatment studies for perceived burdensomeness as a way to reduce suicide ideation.
introduction : one in ten women over the age of @number@ will develop breast cancer.
despite this high incidence of breast cancer among older women , social support for them is often inadequate.
the women completed an in-depth qualitative interview on the psychosocial impact of breast cancer and the meaning and nature of social support.
respondents were concerned about their aging bodies , potential dependency on others , and loss of autonomy.
a questionnaire ( q ) to measure physical activity ( pa ) of persons ≥70 years for epidemiological research is lacking.
the aim was to develop the priscus-paq and test the reliability in community-dwelling people ( ≥70 years ) .
validated pa questionnaires were translated and adapted to design the priscus-paq.
the overall activity score was @number@ as determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) .
the adverse effect of free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants.
in order to carry out antioxidant therapy , one needs to know the contents of antioxidants in food products.
we have created the databank for the contents of antioxidants in @number@ food products , beverages , etc.
in response to oxidative attack , cells have developed an antioxidant defense system to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and to protect cells from damage.
nf-e2-related factor @number@ ( nrf2 ) is a cnc-bzip transcription factor which regulates the basal and inducible expression of a wide array of antioxidant genes.
methods : the study population included @number@ consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between @date@ and @date@ .
results : the @number@ groups demonstrated no significant differences in frequencies of overall or septic complications , reoperation , or in-hospital death.
no significant difference in the frequency of popf , delayed gastric emptying , or intra-abdominal abscess was found between groups.
there was no difference between the @number@ groups in the number of necessary interventions , and no bleeding complications or popf-related mortality occurred.
similar findings were observed in a subgroup analysis consisting of patients with a pancreatic duct diameter smaller than @number@ mm.
associations between disc characteristics , demographic variables , and self-reported glaucoma were explored.
a much larger @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ to @number@ ) of the us population older than @number@ years self-reports having glaucoma.
based on the estimates from nhanes , @percent@ of the population has a vcdr or vcdra > 97.5th percentile in either eye or ou.
conclusions : the prevalence of glaucoma from nhanes based on isgeo criteria produces similar population estimated to other population-based studies.
self-reported glaucoma is ∼2.4 times more common than what the prevalence estimates suggest.
blockage of blt2 via sirna knockdown or with the blt2-antagonist ly255283 completely abolished the up-regulated expression of mmp-1 induced by low-dose uvb irradiation.
background : aging and westernization of lifestyle has accelerated the prevalence and severity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in the japanese population.
systematic assessment of the dta plaques was performed using a biplane mode from the aorta at the level of the stomach to the aortic arch.
when a large plaque ( > 4mm ) was identified , detailed 3-dimensional ( d ) observations were performed using a 3d zoom mode.
complex plaque was defined as either mobile or an ulcer-like pouch in the dta.
a multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of complex plaque was an independent predictor of renal impairment.
conclusions : the prevalence of complex plaque was not low in the this japanese study population.
a close association between complex plaque and renal dysfunction raises the possibility that complex plaque in the dta is a potential cause of renal dysfunction.
although associated with aging , cerebrovascular risk factors , and cognitive impairment , the pathogenesis of wmh remains unclear.
all subjects were clinically evaluated and underwent quantitative mri.
total rna from whole blood was processed on human whole genome affymetrix hu133 plus @number@ microarrays.
rna expression was analyzed using an analysis of covariance.
cluster and principal components analyses showed that the expression profiles for these genes distinguished wmh + from wmh- subjects.
participants were assigned to @number@ groups using a nonprobability static group assignment based on their age.
vemp p1 and n1 latency , threshold , peak-to-peak amplitude , and interamplitude difference ( iad ) ratios were obtained at @number@ db spl.
results : statistical differences were detected in peak-to-peak mean amplitude and threshold measures among groups.
post hoc analysis revealed that differences shown were between the young group and both older groups.
no significant differences were noted in p1 and n1 latencies or iad ratios.
conclusions : this study confirmed a significant decline in vemp amplitude and increase in vemp thresholds in healthy older persons.
normative age-related data may be necessary to properly interpret vemp recordings in a clinical setting when evaluating aging populations.
the bpm method utilized for controlling scm muscle may be a valuable alternative to control scm muscle contraction when electromyography equipment is not available.
background and purpose : ta is a branch of image processing that seeks to reduce image information by extracting texture descriptors from the image.
ta of mr images of anatomic structures in mild ad and amci is not well-studied.
the ta approach was based on the glcm.
mr images were t1-weighted and were obtained in the sagittal and axial planes.
the cc and thalami were manually segmented for each subject , and @number@ texture parameters were computed for each of these structures.
results : ta parameters showed differences among the @number@ groups for the cc and thalamus.
the elderly population is increasing worldwide.
next we provide an overview of the available studies and recommendations from atp iii.
finally , we comment on the screening and management , cost and side effects of therapy as it applies to an aging population.
background : repeated exposure to ultraviolet ( uv ) rays damages skin connective tissue , which is thought to be associated with wrinkle formation.
we hypothesized that repeated mild inflammation may cause the connective tissue alterations in photoaging.
methods : mouse dorsal skin was irradiated with a suberythemal dose of uvb three times a week.
after @number@ or @number@ weeks of irradiation , neutrophils were investigated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
ne activity was examined by in situ zymography.
results : both neutrophil infiltration and ne activity were elevated in photoaging.
furthermore , activated mmp-2 and mmp-1 were increased by ne treatment in a dose-dependent manner.
these data suggest that ne indirectly plays a role in skin photoaging through mmp activation.
over the past decade , facial cosmetic procedures have become more commonplace in dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery.
an increasing number of patients seek minimal invasive procedures.
one of the most requested procedures is treatment with botulinum toxin type a ( bonta ) .
this paper considers the history and pharmacology of this neurotoxin , and focusses on the literature concerning the treatment of different facial areas with bonta.
it also presents clinical guidelines on the treatment of glabellar lines , the frontalis muscle , peri-orbital lines , gummy smile and masseter muscle hypertrophy.
our series of cases helps analyse the efficiency and safety of l-polylactic acid in the management of facial ageing.
patients and method : retrospective analysis of a single series of patients treated with l-polylactic acid ( sculptra™ ) between @date@ and @date@ .
patients with facial lipoatrophy related to hiv were excluded from this evaluation.
results : the series consist of @number@ patients who received a total of @number@ injections of l-polylactic acid.
the reason for consultation was basically facial ageing ( @percent@ ) and loss of facial volume ( @percent@ ) .
ninety-one percent patients were satisfied with the correcting effect.
conclusion : l-polylactic acid is a filler that facilitates natural correction of ageing with minimum adverse event.
its mechanism of action gives it a special place among other injectable materials.
the surgeon who conducts adipocyte grafting will appreciate its ease of use and remodelling volumising effect.
levels of extractable and protein-bound hhe were increased in multiple regions in the progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in survival and a concentration-dependent decrease in glucose uptake were observed in primary cortical cultures treated with hhe.
together these data support a role for lipid peroxidation in the progression of alzheimer's disease.
aims : we evaluated the associations of diabetic complications and underlying pathology with daily walking activity in type @number@ diabetic patients without manifest mobility limitations.
methods : @number@ persons with type @number@ diabetes ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) were studied.
persons with manifest mobility limitations were excluded.
walking activity was measured during one week with a pedometer.
functional capacity was measured with the @number@ min walk test , the timed \ "up and go \ " test and a stair climbing test.
results : prevalence of neuropathy ( @percent@ ) and obesity ( @percent@ ) was high.
persons took a median of @number@ steps / day.
decreased muscle strength and bmi , but not neuropathy , were associated with outcome of functional capacity tests in multiple regression analysis.
conclusions : peripheral neuropathy , decreased muscle strength and obesity are strongly associated with walking in persons with type @number@ diabetes without manifest mobility limitations.
aging is the outcome of a balance between damage and repair.
highly conserved insulin / igf-1 , tor , and sirtuin signaling pathways in turn control these critical cellular responses.
studies in model organisms suggest that changes in signaling can augment these critical stress response systems , increasing life span and reducing age-related pathology.
the systems biology of stress response signaling thus provides a new approach to the understanding and potential treatment of age-related diseases.
this review focuses on the key components of the mtor complex @number@ pathway and on how various stresses impinge upon them.
in cells , both newly synthesized and pre-existing proteins are constantly endangered by misfolding and aggregation.
the accumulation of damaged proteins can perturb cellular homeostasis and provoke aging , pathological states , and even cell death.
to avert these dangers , cells have developed powerful quality control strategies that counteract protein damage in a compartment-specific way.
ep67 , induced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il-6 , tnfα , and infγ from splenic apcs obtained from both aged and young mice.
these results indicate that ep67 induces humoral immunity in aged mice not obtainable with alum and cpg.
these results support the use of ep67 as a potential vaccine adjuvant suited to the elderly.
however , little information exists about the clinical relevance of such changes.
decreases in tissue contrast were associated with hippocampal volume , however , the regional patterns of these associations differed for demented and nondemented individuals.
in nondemented controls , lower hippocampal volume was associated with decreased gray / white matter tissue contrast globally across the cortical mantle.
in contrast , in individuals with ad , selective associations were found between hippocampal volume and tissue contrast in temporal and limbic tissue.
it employs a probabilistic framework for unified segmentation based correction of r1 maps for b1 ( + ) inhomogeneities ( unicort ) .
the framework incorporates a physically informed generative model of smooth b1 ( + ) inhomogeneities and their multiplicative effect on r1 estimates.
unicort is easy to apply , as it is computationally efficient and its basic framework is implemented as part of the tissue segmentation in spm8.
the deep cerebellar nuclei ( dcn ) are a key element of the cortico-cerebellar loop.
because of their small size and functional diversity , it is difficult to study them using magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
to overcome these difficulties , we present here three related methodological advances.
due to their high iron content , the dcn are visible as hypo-intensities.
secondly , we generated probabilistic maps of the deep cerebellar nuclei in mni space using a number of common normalization techniques.
the maps also quantify the variability of the anatomical location of the deep cerebellar nuclei after normalization.
our results indicate that existing normalization techniques do not provide satisfactory overlap to analyze the functional specialization within the dcn.
these techniques will promote the study of the functional specialization of subregions of the dcn using mri.
fifty-two healthy older participants underwent pib-pet and structural mri scanning and detailed neuropsychological tests.
mammalian aging has been defined as a reduction in the capacity to adequately maintain tissue homeostasis or to repair tissues after injury.
tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity are nowadays considered to be related to the stem cell pool present in every tissue.
aim of this review is to discuss both molecular mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence and interventions that may attenuate or reverse this process.
oxidative stress , a risk factor in the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease , is intimately associated with aging.
we previously reported that the x-xod free radical generating system acts as a modulator of lipid metabolism and a mild inducer of apoptotic death.
using the same cell model , the present study examines the metabolism / processing of the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
in contrast , it reduced the activity of β-secretase and the level of secreted aβ.
the present results indicate that mild oxidative stress maintained throughout culturing regulates app metabolism / processing in sk-n-mc human neuroblastoma cells.
the neuroprotective effects of estrogen have been demonstrated consistently in cellular and animal studies but the evidence in women remains conflicted.
we explored the window of opportunity hypothesis in relation to cognitive aging and dementia.
in particular , we reviewed existing literature , reanalyzed some of our data , and combined results graphically.
the comparison of women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy with referent women provided evidence for a sizeable neuroprotective effect of estrogen before age @number@ years.
the majority of women in those observational studies had undergone natural menopause and were treated for the relief of menopausal symptoms.
length of time on ht was the measure used for duration of exogenous estrogen exposure.
length of ht use was not associated with tl or telomerase activity in this study.
the results suggest that the endogenous estrogens may be associated with deceleration of cellular aging.
this is the first study to examine associations between endogenous estrogens , telomere length and telomerase activity.
photoprotection is the primary preventive and therapeutic strategy against photoaging and skin cancer.
this review presents the most important new advances in both topical and systemic photoprotection.
a final section deals with protection against infrared radiation.
in recent years , a ' silent ' chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) epidemic has been proposed by many authors.
considerable interest in ckd has been generated by the evidence that predialysis ckd is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
such an association per se does not imply that ckd is a causal determinant of cvd.
furthermore , the definition of ckd is a nosographic simplification that includes diseases with different causes and pathogenetic mechanisms.
special attention is given to generation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in various cellular compartments of cells under stress conditions inducing autophagy.
the roles of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in autophagy are analysed based on the recent experimental work.
supartz® , compared with the phosphate-buffered saline control , significantly reduced the total lesquésne index score in the post-injection period.
neither hyaluronic acid formulation had a longer duration of clinical benefit than the saline control.
supartz® was well tolerated in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
background : many older individuals suffer from difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep , and consequently use hypnosedative medication.
withdrawing these medications is challenging because of their propensity for causing dependence and rebound insomnia.
at least @percent@ ( 21 / 31 ) of these patients were compliant at follow-up.
there were no sex- or age-specific differences in compliance.
conclusions : we observed a constant proportion of falls clinic patients taking bzs or z drugs between @number@ and @number@
specialist recommendation to cease or reduce dosage of these medications was associated with a high success rate.
background and objective : rivastigmine and donepezil are two cholinesterase inhibitors ( cheis ) indicated for the treatment of mild-to-moderate alzheimer's disease.
dementia-related behavioural issues are typically managed by environmental modification and the use of psychotropics including antipsychotic medications.
however , cheis have also been associated with reductions in behavioural symptoms in alzheimer's disease patients.
this retrospective , parallel-cohort , hypothesis-generating study investigated whether treatment with rivastigmine is associated with reduced prescription of antipsychotic medications compared with treatment with donepezil.
methods : a combined analysis of two claims databases was conducted.
patients were included if they had a diagnosis of alzheimer's disease and were newly initiated on either rivastigmine or donepezil.
patients with prior use of memantine and / or antipsychotics were excluded.
kaplan-meier and cox analyses were conducted to compare the rate of antipsychotic drug use between the rivastigmine and donepezil groups.
results : a total of @number@ patients receiving rivastigmine and @number@ @number@ patients receiving donepezil formed the study population.
methods : systematic literature review using the keywords ' accidental fall / numerical data ' and ' risk factors'.
this was followed by a manual search for articles cited in the previously identified publications.
articles of this type that were considered to be of good quality were included in the meta-analysis.
results : @number@ indexed articles published between @number@ and @number@ were identified.
of these , seven articles met all inclusion criteria and were analysed.
this result was statistically homogeneous ( percentage of the total variation across studies due to heterogeneity [ i2 ] = @number@ ) .
conclusions : elderly subjects treated with laxatives were twice as likely to fall compared with non-laxative users.
background : antipsychotics are commonly used in the elderly despite a lack of safety data from randomized trials , particularly for the typical antipsychotics.
observational studies have investigated the association between antipsychotics and stroke but results vary , which may be due to lack of control for unmeasured confounding.
objective : to estimate the risk of hospitalization for stroke in elderly users of antipsychotics.
risk periods prior to antipsychotic initiation were also included to search for evidence of confounding by indication.
unexposed patients were included to adjust for the increasing incidence of hospitalization for stroke with age.
of these , @number@ patients were initiated on typical antipsychotics and @number@ patients were initiated on atypical antipsychotics.
there was no evidence of an increased risk of hospitalization for stroke after initiation of atypical antipsychotics.
the risk of hospitalization for stroke progressively increased in the weeks leading up to first-time antipsychotic treatment.
no randomized controlled trial evidence is available on the risk of hospitalization for stroke with use of typical antipsychotics in the elderly.
this study found a small but significantly increased risk of hospitalization for stroke immediately following the initiation of typical antipsychotics.
antipsychotics are likely to be initiated after hospitalization for stroke.
the demographic shift towards an older population increases the public health burden.
two conditions , commonly occurring together , that contribute to this burden are hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
most of these patients will require treatment with a combination of antihypertensive agents to reach this goal.
polypharmacy can be defined as the use of two or more medications , and it is commonly seen in this patient population.
the risks of polypharmacy and the potential for inappropriate therapy must be considered and balanced against the possible benefits of multiple drug therapies.
combination therapy can achieve greater bp reductions than monotherapy and can also enhance the safety and tolerability of pharmacotherapy.
the safety and efficacy of numerous antihypertensive combinations in elderly patients have been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials.
atrial fibrillation confers a 5-fold increase in risk of stroke.
a number of drugs aimed at reducing this risk have been tested in randomized controlled trials.
the treatment decision is complicated by considerations of haemorrhage risk , with factors that increase risk of stroke also associated with increased risk of haemorrhage.
newer agents may enable a higher proportion of patients at high risk of stroke to be treated with anticoagulants than is currently the case.
for people at low risk of stroke , anticoagulation is not indicated.
these findings created new therapeutic opportunities , like the use of losartan , known to have an antagonistic effect on tgf-beta.
with the aging of this population , new clinical manifestations are expected , requiring close and continued mfs patient monitoring.
all ethical guidelines were followed.
in all , @number@ chw were evaluated.
semi-structured interviews were conducted.
the data analysis was based on content analysis.
the results demonstrate the need for an educational program for chw , in the area of gerontology.
data were collected through semi-structured interviews and submitted to descriptive and thematic analysis.
two thematic categories emerged from the analysis : nursing consultation for the elderly performed at esf and professional qualification in health care for the elderly.
obtaining reliable data in the nursing consultation , resolution and family support were considered as challenges.
from the day we are born , our skin is exposed to an unknown environment.
its development is predominantly based on characteristics which are inherent to the various age phases of life.
totally covering a human being , it acts as a protector throughout its lifetime , without ever being protected itself.
objective : the prevalence of multimorbidity has risen considerably because of the increase in longevity and the rapidly growing number of older individuals.
today , only little is known about the influence of multimorbidity on cognition in a normal healthy aging population.
methods : data were collected as part of the maastricht aging study ( maas ) , a prospective study into the determinants of cognitive aging.
cognitive performance was measured in two main domains : verbal memory and psychomotor speed.
a multilevel statistical analysis , a method that respects the hierarchical data structure , was used.
results : multiple disease clusters were associated with cognition during a 12-year follow-up period in a healthy adult population.
the disease combination malignancies and movement disorders multimorbidity also appeared to significantly affect cognition.
conclusions : the current results indicate that a variety of medical conditions adversely affects cognition.
however , these effects appear to be small in a normal healthy aging population.
objective : cognitive impairment is a key factor that threatens functionality and quality of life in seniors.
individuals with lower baseline ability to abstract gist showed the greatest gain in the target domain trained.
reports on age-related changes of ( hpa ) axis activity are equivocal.
in addition , subtle changes in hpa axis activity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
in patients with arterial disease , hpa axis activity showed reduced variability with older age , independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
the objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics that discriminate prolactinoma from non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma with hyperprolactinemia.
we included @number@ patients with hyperprolactinemic pituitary macroadenomas.
old age , low serum prolactin levels , and extrasellar extension were associated with nfpah.
most patients with nfpah had serum prolactin levels less than @number@ ng / ml.
visual defects and gh deficiency were more common in patients with nfpah compared with patients with prs and prda , without difference of tumor size.
galactorrhea and amenorrhea were less frequent in patients with nfpah than in patients with prs and prda.
post-operative remission of hyperprolactinemia was achieved in @percent@ of patients with nfpah and in @percent@ of patients with prs.
da administration was required in @percent@ of patients with prs ; however , no patients with nfpah required da administration.
glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) transduces the glucocorticoid ( gc ) signal that could lead to metabolic derangements depending on the tissue responsiveness to gc.
the results suggest that pcos pathophysiology may be related to alterations of a cross stalk between glucocorticoid signaling , age , and metabolic parameters.
these findings should be further explored in studies on the role of gr in pcos-related metabolic derangements.
this review outlines recent advances in age research focusing on the mechanisms of their formation and their role in cataract and pathologies of the retina.
the therapeutic action and pharmacological strategies of anti-age agents that can inhibit or prevent age formation in the eye are also discussed.
the term \ "saropenia \ " was coined by irwin rosenberg in @number@ to refer to age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass.
the purpose of this current opinion is to provide an evolutionary overview of sarcopenia research since @number@
it is not known if postexercise protein feeding has a beneficial effect on protein turnover after low- to moderate-intensity exercise.
our results indicate that consumption of a pro beverage after aerobic exercise increased wbpt to a greater extent than a cho beverage.
there is an increasing recognition that central aortic pressure is more relevant than brachial measure for the prediction and pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
central pressure is influenced by the phenomenon of arterial wave reflections returning from the peripheral vasculature , which can be quantified by augmentation index.
a total of @number@ apparently healthy adults of varying ages were studied.
all of the bp ( brachial and ankle , systolic , mean , diastolic and pulse ) measurements were significantly associated with carotid augmentation index.
among them , ankle mean arterial pressure was the strongest correlate of carotid augmentation index ( r = 0.51 , p < 0.0001 ) .
this relation remained highly significant even after the influence of potential confounders was accounted for by the partial correlation analyses.
stepwise regression analyses revealed that ankle mean arterial pressure was the strongest independent predictor of carotid augmentation index.
the participants completed the mat twice within @number@ weeks.
the data were analyzed using mixed anova.
conclusions : the mat was sensitive to cognitive decline in older adulthood.
practice effects were measurable but uniform across the observed age cohorts.
every disturbance of this balance constitutes a clear and present danger to the macromolecular integrity of the body.
glycation is the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins , nucleotides and lipids by saccharide derivatives.
endogenously formed dicarbonyl compounds can react with proteins to form advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) .
she had hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis , elevated plasma cortisol and acth , and elevated urinary cortisol.
the high-dose dexamethasone did not suppress the elevated acth and cortisol.
the addition of spironolactone to her previous medications controlled and normalized hypertension , hypokalemia , and hormonal abnormalities within @number@ months.
her blood pressure , serum electrolytes , and the hormonal states remained normalized for more than a year thereafter.
her depressed mental state also improved after spironolactone.
arterial walls stiffen with age.
the most consistent and well-reported changes are luminal enlargement with wall thickening and a reduction of elastic properties at the level of large elastic arteries.
longstanding arterial pulsation in the central artery causes elastin fiber fatigue and fracture.
increased vascular calcification and endothelial dysfunction are also characteristic of arterial aging.
these changes lead to increased pulse wave velocity , especially along central elastic arteries , and increases in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure.
vascular aging is accelerated by coexisting cardiovascular risk factors , such as hypertension , metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
various strategies , especially controlling hypertension , show benefit in preventing , delaying or attenuating vascular aging.
with advancing age , the balance between the amounts of old bone removed and new bone formed during the remodelling process becomes negative.
aging is indeed associated with immune dysfunction that coexists with a chronic subclinical inflammatory status.
the latter is illustrated by a 2-4-fold increase in the levels c-reactive protein ( crp ) or interleukin ( il ) -6.
we observed no effect of any of the genetic factors investigated on cognitive performance.
further , there was no difference in the frequency of the disease-associated alleles , or cytokine levels between subjective memory complainers and noncomplainer participants.
there was no relationship between tnf polymorphisms and tnf levels.
there was a significant increase in plasma il-1β levels in those homozygous for the disease-associated allele ( i.e. , il-1β @number@ tt ) .
follow-up longitudinal assessments on this cohort will provide insight as to how these polymorphisms may affect the risk of cognitive decline over time.
excess cortisol levels are linked with brain atrophy and cognitive decline in older people.
we tested the hypotheses that higher systemic 11β-hsd1 activity predicts brain atrophy and cognitive decline in older men.
the predictive link between systemic 11β-hsd1 activity and progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline suggests 11β-hsd1 inhibition as a plausible therapy for brain aging.
common symptoms include intention tremor , ataxia , neuropathy , autonomic dysfunction , cognitive decline , and dementia.
a passive acoustic ppi paradigm was applied in @number@ subjects ; @number@ carriers of the fragile x premutation , and @number@ healthy controls.
there were significant differences in ppi between premutation carriers with fxtas and controls at ppi @number@ ms , and at @number@ ms.
this effect was more prominent in the male fxtas patients.
there was a tendency to an impaired ppi in female premutation carriers at the @number@ ms condition.
there was a significant correlation between the ppi deficit and a higher cgg repeat number.
the pathologic diagnosis was dlb neocortical-type with low-likelihood of alzheimer's disease by nia-reagan criteria.
sections from regions of interest ( roi ) on post-mortem examination were studied.
bielschowsky silver stain revealed mostly sparse neocortical neuritic plaques , whereas diffuse plaques were frequent.
taken together , these data identify brain hypermetabolism in tg2576 mice which cannot be accounted for by changes in vascular compliance.
instead , the hypermetabolism may reflect a neuronal compensatory mechanism.
evidence for cholinergic dysfunction in very early stages of neurodegeneration like mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is inconclusive.
previous positron emission tomography ( pet ) studies based on small samples investigated if it is related to memory impairment.
we examined whether cortical acetylcholine esterase ( ache ) activity is reduced at this stage and correlated with cognitive function.
parametric images of ache activity were analyzed using standard atlas regions.
principal components analysis ( pca ) of regional values of ache activity and correlation analysis with neuropsychological test results was performed.
cortical ache activity showed a significant decline in mci patients compared with controls which was most pronounced in temporal regions.
they formed the main part of a principal component that was related significantly to verbal and nonverbal memory , language comprehension and executive function.
cholinergic dysfunction is an early hallmark even before onset of dementia at the clinical stage of mci.
its impact especially on temporal neocortex is associated with impaired neuropsychological function.
further , cmrglc in orbitofrontal cortex , dlpfc , and acc was shown to be early modulated by the level of da impairment in cn.
the present study demonstrates in vivo the early functional disruption of nonmotor frontostriatal circuits in pd.
the amyloid cascade hypothesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) posits that the generation of β-amyloid ( aβ ) triggers tau neurofibrillary pathology.
finally , the calpain-induced fragment can be observed both in alzheimer's disease brains and in control normal human brains.
we examined the ability of people @number@ to @number@ years old to apply global , configural , and featural face-processing strategies.
in addition we investigated age-related changes in the ability to categorize faces at basic , subordinate , and individual levels.
specifically , older participants had problems integrating face features into global structures , demonstrating enhanced dependence on distal global information.
these perceptual changes could be the cause for slower and less accurate subordinate categorization , particularly when it is based on details.
background : many functional , structural and evolutionary features of human genes have been observed to correlate with expression breadth and / or gene age.
here , we systematically explore these correlations.
human genes without orthologs in distant species ( 'young ' genes ) tend to be tissue-specific in their expression.
at the same time , young genes are most likely to be medically relevant.
conclusions : our results indicate that functional characterization of human genes is biased against young , tissue-specific genes that are mostly medically relevant.
the biases should not be taken lightly because they may pose serious obstacles to our understanding of the molecular basis of human diseases.
future studies should thus be designed to specifically explore the properties of primate-specific genes.
in yeast , the retrograde response genes ( rtg ) convey these stress responses to the nucleus to change the gene expression adaptively.
similarly , most classes of higher organisms have been shown to have some version of a central stress-mediating transcription factor , nf-κb.
there have been several modifications along the phylogenetic tree as nf-κb has taken a larger role in managing cellular stresses.
here , we review similarities and differences in mechanisms and pathways between rtg genes in yeast and nf-κb as seen in more complex organisms.
we perform a structural homology search and reveal similarities of rtg proteins with eukaryotic transcription factors involved in development and metabolism.
objective : to determine the frequency and classification of adverse events ( aes ) associated with fractionated carbon dioxide ( co₂ ) laser treatment.
methods : a retrospective evaluation of @number@ successive fractionated @number@ , 600-nm co₂ laser treatments in @number@ patients conducted in a single center.
results : three hundred seventy-three treatments resulted in @number@ aes ( @percent@ ) in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
aes were distributed across different ages , skin types ( @percent@ type ii , @date@ % type iv ) , and laser parameters.
because of the multiple areas treated , some patients experienced multiple aes.
the @number@ patients who had subsequent additional treatments had three documented aes ( @percent@ ) .
subsequent treatments of the same body location after a healing period of @number@ to @number@ months resulted in no greater risk of aes.
recent findings : microparticles release is an integral part of the erythrocyte ageing process , preventing early removal of rbcs.
proteomics analyses have outlined the key role of band 3-ankyrin anchoring complex and the occurrence of selective rbc membrane remodelling mechanisms in microparticles formation.
the presence of several rbc antigens , expressed on microparticles , has been demonstrated.
the potential deleterious effects of rbc microparticles in transfused recipients , including hypercoagulability , microcirculation impairment and immunosuppression , are discussed.
summary : formation and role of rbc microparticles are far from being completely understood.
combining various approaches to elucidate these mechanisms could improve blood product quality and transfusion safety.
implementation of rbc microparticles as biomarkers in the laboratory routine needs to overcome technical barriers involved in their analysis.
age-related changes and sexual differences of some of the morphometric characteristics of the lower part of facial skeleton were studied.
rather than being an inevitable consequence of age , cognitive decline can occur with marked variation among individuals.
in this context , nutrition is one factor that is believed to be influential.
when considering the potential role of diet , two factors need to be considered.
as such , the adequacy of nutrition before birth and in the early formative years may have long-term consequences.
similarly , systemic arterial hypertension , cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders should alert us to the possibility of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
understanding the neural functional organization of swallowing in healthy elders is essential in diagnosing and treating older adults with swallowing difficulties.
behavioral interleaved gradient ( big ) methodology was used to address movement related artifacts.
between-group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during the motor tasks examined.
potential implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
moreover , often , subjects are not long-term practitioners , but recently trained.
more flexible and useful models require a systems-biology approach to gathering and analysis of data.
presymptomatic subjects showed significant decrease of rem sleep percentage , rems density , total sleep time , and sleep efficiency.
aging effect on rem sleep percentage was significant in both groups.
there was no correlation between cytosine-adenine-guanine ( cag ) repeat length and rem sleep.
lactase gene expression declines with aging ( lactase non-persistence ) in the majority of humans worldwide.
in contrast to the -13907 g and -13910 t snps , the -13915 g snp was previously believed not to interact with oct-1.
in the present study , however , @date@ is shown to interact with the -13915 g snp region dna sequence by emsas and gel supershift.
in addition , @date@ is capable of enhancing promoter activity of a lactase promoter-reporter construct harboring the 13915 g snp sequence in cell culture.
@date@ binding to the @number@ to @number@ snp region therefore remains a candidate interaction involved in lactase persistence.
an increasing number of longitudinal cohort studies have identified a risk increase for dementia by the chronic use of drugs with anticholinergic properties.
the mechanisms by which the risk increase is transported are still unknown.
in this study we aimed to compare the relative bioavailability of oral doses of @number@ mg of zn in two dosing forms.
venous blood specimens were collected at baseline , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ min after ingestion and the plasma zn was measured for each sample.
a large number of blood-based markers have been proposed for early detection of colorectal cancer ( crc ) .
a systematic literature review was performed on studies evaluating sensitivity and specificity of blood-based markers for early detection of crc.
the latter was derived from @number@ crc cases diagnosed in the german screening colonoscopy program during 2003-2007.
overall , @number@ studies evaluating @number@ blood-based markers were identified.
adjusted sensitivity was lower than reported sensitivity in @number@ ( @percent@ ) evaluations of different markers.
adjustment of sensitivity to the stage distribution expected in the screening setting is crucial to obtain realistic and comparable estimates of sensitivities.
study design : prospective study of normal sagittal global spinal balance in the caucasian adult population.
objective : to document values for parameters of global spinal balance in @number@ asymptomatic adults without spinal pathology.
position of c7 plumbline relative to sacrum and hip axis ( ha ) was also assessed.
comparisons on the basis of gender were performed using analyses of covariance with age as covariate.
relationships between parameters and age were assessed using spearman's coefficients.
results : mean ssa , st , and c7 translation ratio were respectively @number@.4° ± @number@.1° , @number@.8° ± @number@.4° , and @number@.1° ± @number@.9°.
mean ± @number@ standard deviations were respectively 110° to 150° for ssa and 85° to 100° for st.
mean ssa and st were higher in females but by less than 2°.
c7 plumbline was behind the ha in @percent@ of subjects.
there was no relationship between st and age.
c7 plumbline in front of the ha is not necessarily associated with a spinal pathology.
background : heart failure is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with high treatment costs.
identifying modifiable determinants of heart failure may help in prevention.
alcohol consumption has emerged as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
purpose : to examine the relation between various levels of alcohol intake and incident heart failure.
methods : we conducted a meta-analysis of @number@ studies obtained through a pubmed literature search.
conclusion : these data suggest that infrequent and light-to-moderate drinking is associated with a lower risk of heart failure.
how do people think about time ?
here we describe representations of time in pormpuraaw , a remote australian aboriginal community.
pormpuraawans ' representations of time differ strikingly from all others documented to date.
all of these representations are with respect to the body.
pormpuraawans instead arrange time according to cardinal directions : east to west.
the results demonstrate that conceptions of even such fundamental domains as time can differ dramatically across cultures.
oncogene-induced senescence ( ois ) is a potent tumor-suppressive mechanism that is thought to come at the cost of aging.
the forkhead box o ( foxo ) transcription factors are regulators of life span and tumor suppression.
however , whether and how foxos function in ois have been unclear.
here , we show a role for foxo4 in mediating senescence by the human braf ( v600e ) oncogene , which arises commonly in melanoma.
together , these findings support a model in which foxos mediate a trade-off between cancer and aging.
the maintenance of eukaryotic telomeres requires telomerase , which is minimally composed of a telomerase reverse transcriptase ( tert ) and an associated rna component.
telomerase activity is tightly regulated by expression of human ( h ) tert at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
the hsp90 and p23 molecular chaperones have been shown to associate with htert for the assembly of active telomerase.
overexpression of chip prevents nuclear translocation of htert and promotes htert degradation in the cytoplasm , thereby inhibiting telomerase activity.
in contrast , knockdown of endogenous chip results in the stabilization of cytoplasmic htert.
however , it does not affect the level of nuclear htert and has no effect on telomerase activity and telomere length.
we further show that the binding of chip and hsp70 to htert inhibits nuclear translocation of htert by dissociating p23.
however , hsp90 binding to htert was not affected by chip overexpression.
these results suggest that chip can remodel the htert-chaperone complexes.
our data suggest that chip represents a new pathway for modulating telomerase activity in cancer.
in a passive auditory oddball paradigm identifiability and duration of task-irrelevant novel sounds ( novels ) were varied in children aged 7-8 and in adults.
event-related potentials ( erps ) elicited by identifiable novels were augmented compared to erps elicited by non-identifiable novels around 200ms after stimulus onset.
this identifiability effect occurs in children and adults , showing that identifiable novels are processed differently from non-identifiable novels in both age groups.
however , only in children the identifiability effect continued for short novels after 300ms.
this indicates that children cannot inhibit processing of meaningful task-irrelevant information as efficiently as adults.
changes in mechanical properties are an essential characteristic of the aging process of human skin.
previous studies attribute these changes predominantly to the altered collagen and elastin organization and density of the extracellular matrix.
here , we show that individual dermal fibroblasts also exhibit a significant increase in stiffness during aging in vivo.
with the laser-based optical cell stretcher we examined the viscoelastic biomechanics of dermal fibroblasts isolated from @number@ human donors aged @number@ to @number@
increasing age was clearly accompanied by a stiffening of the investigated cells.
we found that fibroblasts from old donors exhibited an increase in rigidity of ∼60% with respect to cells of the youngest donors.
the rheological analysis of fibroblast-populated collagen gels demonstrates that cell stiffening directly results in altered viscoelastic properties of the collagen matrix.
these results identify a new mechanism that may contribute to the age-related impairment of elastic properties in human skin.
sounds are filtered in a spatial- and frequency-dependent manner by the head and pinna giving rise to the acoustical cues to sound source location.
these spectral and temporal transformations are dependent on the physical dimensions of the head and pinna.
the frequency ranges of the monaural spectral notch cues to source elevation are also expected to decrease.
dimensions of the head and pinna increased by factors of @number@ and @number@ respectively , reaching adult values by ~6 weeks.
from the dtfs , the itds , ilds , and spectral shape cues were computed.
maximum itds increased by a factor of @number@ from ~160 μs at birth ( p0-1 , first postnatal day ) to @number@ μs in adults.
similar trends were observed for the spectral notch frequencies which ranged from @date@ @number@ khz at p0-1 to @date@ @number@ khz in adults.
the dimension of the head and pinnae in the chinchilla as well as the acoustical properties associated with them are mature by ~6 weeks.
furthermore , we hypothesized that there would be larger volume differences in the parahippocampal gyrus than in the hippocampus.
in addition , we investigated differences between the anterior , middle , and posterior parts of both structures.
we studied three groups of participants : @number@ healthy participants without memory decline , @number@ patients with amci , and @number@ patients with mild ad.
volumes of both the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were significantly different between the groups in the following order : healthy > amci > ad.
no substantial differences were found between the anterior , middle , and posterior parts of both structures.
the present results stress the importance of parahippocampal atrophy as an early biomarker of ad.
the formation of advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) occurs in diverse settings such as diabetes , aging , renal failure , inflammation and hypoxia.
data suggest that rage perpetuates the inflammatory signals initiated by ages via multiple mechanisms.
age-rage interaction stimulates generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation mechanisms which enhance age formation.
taken together , these considerations place rage in the center of biochemical and molecular stresses that characterize the complications of diabetes and chronic disease.
stopping rage-dependent signaling may hold the key to interrupting cycles of cellular perturbation and tissue damage in these disorders.
for a reach-to-grasp reaction to prevent a fall , it must be executed very rapidly , but with sufficient accuracy to achieve a functional grip.
the present study investigated how the cns resolves speed-accuracy trade-offs when forced to use pv to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions.
these reactions were evoked , in @number@ healthy young adults , via sudden unpredictable antero-posterior platform translation ( barriers deterred stepping reactions ) .
the perturbation was then delivered after a random delay.
in cv trials , subjects fixated on the handhold throughout the trial.
a concurrent visuo-cognitive task was performed in @percent@ of pv trials but had little impact on reach-to-grasp timing or accuracy.
pt-nps were functionalized by conjugation with this fusion protein at a 1 : 1 ratio of tat-ptbp to pt atoms.
adult worms were treated with conjugated pt-nps for @number@ days.
the mean lifespan of untreated n2 and lb25 was @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ days , respectively.
using @number@ μm of conjugated pt-nps , the lifespan of n2 and lb25 was maximally extended.
internalization of pt into the whole body and mitochondria was similar between these two strains.
excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species was not observed in the cytosol or mitochondria of untreated lb25.
treatment for five days with @number@ μm conjugated pt-nps decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in n2 and lb25 to a similar extent.
the ratio of [ nad ( + ) ] / [ nadh ] was very low in the whole body and mitochondria of control lb25.
however , the degree of the increase was much higher in lb25 than in n2.
amd is characterised by accumulation of extracellular deposits called drusen in which aβ is a key constituent.
aβ activates the complement cascade and its deposition is associated with activated macrophages.
methodology / principal findings : we have traced aβ accumulation quantitatively in the ageing mouse retina using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.
we reveal that it is not only deposited at bruch's membrane and along blood vessels , but unexpectedly , it also coats photoreceptor outer segments.
while aβ is present at all sites of deposition from @number@ months of age , it increases markedly from @number@ months onward.
progressive accumulation of deposits on outer segments was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy , revealing age-related changes in their morphology.
such progress of accumulation of aβ on photoreceptor outer segments with age was also confirmed in human retinae using immunohistochemistry.
with age macrophages become bloated with cellular debris including aβ , however , their increasing numbers fail to stop aβ accumulation.
this accumulation of aβ may contribute to the @percent@ reduction of photoreceptors found throughout life and the shortening of those that remain.
the coating of aβ on outer segments may also have an impact upon visual function with age.
these processes are regulated by cell-autonomous and intercellular ( paracrine and endocrine ) programs that mediate responses of neural cells to environmental input.
a brief introduction to tai chi chuan and its related physical benefits is provided.
in addition , the empirical literature related to tai chi chuan and cognition is reviewed.
potential mediators of the relationship between tai chi chuan and cognition , including physical resources , disease status , and mental resources , are discussed.
the purpose of this study was to examine what happens to goals over the course of a physical activity counseling trial in older veterans.
they rated their current status on these same goals again at @number@ and @number@ mo.
growth-curve analyses were used to examine longitudinal change in perceived goal status.
our results demonstrate that this physical activity counseling intervention had a positive impact on self-selected goals over the course of the intervention.
the theoretical model selected to assess the impact of the nb on organizational behavior was burke's system theory of organizational change.
two individuals in each of these organizations were selected for interview.
semistructured interviews and document reviews were used in the data-collection process.
findings showed that the publication and establishment of the nb resulted in changes in the operating procedures of aarp , acsm , and aoa.
the results were broadly consistent with burke's system theory of organizational change.
the new information generated has increased our understanding of the impact of health campaigns on organizational behavior.
fct underwent a 12-wk exercise program.
cg met once a week for health education meetings.
measures of physical frailty , function , strength , balance , and gait speed were assessed at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@
these data indicate that an fct program is effective in improving measures of function and reducing physical frailty among frail older adults.
pt significantly increased ( main time effect p < @number@ ) from the first to the third session , with no further improvements thereafter.
there was a trend toward higher pt in ballistic than in ramp contractions.
no difference between contraction types on emg values was observed.
therefore , the authors suggest that @number@ familiarization sessions be performed to correctly assess pt.
in addition , pt , na , rtd , and emd can be assessed with ballistic contraction in older adults.
male gender , better functional health , and lower body-mass index were independently associated with greater likelihood of walking ( p < @number@ ) .
gender and functional health appear to be particularly important for physical activity participation , which may be useful in guiding future research.
attention to different subgroups may be needed to promote participation in specific activities.
as a concept in gerontology , gender appears as lists of traits learned through socialization when theorized at all.
i argue for a framework that theorizes the intersections of relations of gender inequality with those of age.
adjusting for holotc attenuated the thcy-ad link ( or changed from @number@ to @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.96-1.25 ) .
the holotc-ad relationship was less influenced by controlling for thcy ( or changed from @number@ to @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.968-1.000 ) .
addition of folate did not change any of the results.
conclusions : this study suggests that both thcy and holotc may be involved in the development of ad.
the thcy-ad link may be partly explained by serum holotc.
the role of holotc in ad should be further investigated.
conclusion : demand for radiation therapy is expected to grow @number@ times faster than supply between @number@ and @number@
research is needed to explore strategies to enhance capacity to deliver quality radiation therapy despite increased patient loads.
expression studies have confirmed the coregulation of p15 / cdkn2b , p16 / cdkn2a , p14 / arf , and anril.
among the cluster , anril expression showed the strongest association with the multiple phenotypes linked to the 9p21.3 region.
more recent gwas also identified anril as a risk locus for gliomas and basal cell carcinomas in accordance with the princeps observation.
the implication of anril in cellular aging has provided an attractive unifying hypothesis to explain its association with various susceptibility risk factors.
anril identification emphasizes the underestimated role of long noncoding rnas.
many gwas have identified trait-associated snps that felt in noncoding genomic regions.
it is conceivable to anticipate that long , noncoding rnas will map to many of these \ "gene deserts. \ "
background : healthy but sedentary aging leads to cardiovascular stiffening , whereas life-long endurance training preserves left ventricular ( lv ) compliance.
however , it is unknown whether exercise training started later in life can reverse the effects of sedentary behavior on the heart.
methods and results : twelve sedentary seniors and @number@ masters athletes were thoroughly screened for comorbidities.
nine of @number@ sedentary seniors ( @number@.6±3 years ; @number@ male , @number@ female ) completed @number@ year of endurance training followed by repeat measurements.
lv compliance was assessed by the slope of the pressure-volume curve.
one year of exercise training had little effect on cardiac compliance.
chronic granulomatous disease ( cgd ) and inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) have overlapping gastrointestinal manifestations.
serum antibodies to intestinal microbial antigens in ibd are thought to reflect a loss of tolerance in the setting of genetically encoded innate immune defects.
higher antibody levels were not associated with a history of colitis.
except for higher asca igg in subjects < 18 years , antibody levels were not age-dependent.
in comparison , @number@ hies subjects expressed negative to low antibody levels to all of these antigens ; none had colitis.
in this opinion piece , we critically discuss gene-environment interactions and attempt to answer three key questions.
first , is it likely that gene-environment interactions actually exist ?
finally , and most importantly , do the technologies and methodologies exist to facilitate an unbiased search for gene-environment interactions ?
addressing these questions highlights key areas of feasibility that must be considered in this area of research.
the general theoretical framework for this research is the transtheoretical model ( ttm ) of health behavior change.
the current intervention occurs over a 48-month period , using a manual , newsletters , and phone coaching calls.
unfortunately , there are long waiting lists in some neighbourhoods that are often due to a shortage of volunteers.
the present paper describes a theoretically driven community-based project designed to increase volunteer participation in serving meals on wheels ( mow ) clients.
setting : the programme participants were in one underserved neighbourhood in birmingham , alabama , an urban city in the south-eastern usa.
subjects : the subjects under consideration are both mow clients and volunteers.
mow clients are those individuals aged @number@ years and above who qualify for the service ; the volunteers are from community churches.
results : one volunteer route , comprising six congregations that delivered meals to sixteen homebound older adults , was created.
the route served more than @number@ meals in @number@ ( the year the programme began ) and continues to serve clients today.
conclusions : the programme's successful implementation provides evidence that reliance on theory is critical in planning and developing effective community-based programme interventions.
the fragile x mental retardation @number@ ( fmr1 ) gene is primarily associated with neuro / psychiatric risks.
recent evidence suggests that the gene also exerts controlling functions on follicle recruitment and ovarian reserve ( or ) .
we also used web-based resources in regards to the fmr1 gene and reviewed additional citations from reviewed publications.
recently published data strongly suggest an independent function of the fmr1 gene on ovaries.
heterozygous and homozygous genotypes recruit fewer follicles at younger ages , thus preserving or into advanced age.
these observations suggest a direct fmr1 effect on follicular recruitment and or and , therefore , on women's fecundity.
atherosclerosis , hypertension , and caa are the most common causes of blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) lesions.
moreover , recent anti-aβ immunotherapy clinical trials demonstrated efficient clearance of parenchymal amyloid deposits but have been plagued by caa-associated adverse events.
although management of hypertension and atherosclerosis can reduce the incidence of ich , there are currently no approved therapies for attenuating caa.
thus , there is a critical need for new strategies that improve bbb function and limit the development of β-amyloidosis in the cerebral vasculature.
we have previously shown that wnt5a-mediated signaling can promote melanoma metastasis.
it has been shown that wnt signaling is antagonized by the protein klotho , which has been implicated in aging.
we show here that in melanoma cells , expressions of wnt5a and klotho are inversely correlated.
in the presence of recombinant klotho ( rklotho ) , we show that wnt5a internalization and signaling is decreased in high wnt5a-expressing cells.
these effects can be inhibited using a sialidase inhibitor.
neuropsychologia , @number@ 1165-1170 , @number@ ] .
interhemispheric interactions play a key role during such bimanual movements to prevent interference from the opposite hemisphere.
we found that older adults demonstrated disproportionately poorer performance on out-of-phase bimanual control , replicating our previous results.
in addition , older adults had smaller anterior cc size and poorer white matter integrity in the callosal midbody than their younger counterparts.
these findings implicate age-related declines in callosal size and integrity as a key contributor to bimanual control deficits.
further , the differential age-related involvement of transcallosal pathways reported here raises new questions about the role of the cc in bimanual control.
a 56-year-old white man with multiple , discrete nonfollicular papules on the neck is presented.
clinical and histopathologic features were compatible with the entity of white fibrous papulosis of the neck ( wfpn ) .
pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis ( pxe-pde ) and wfpn are further clinicopathologic patterns of intrinsic aging.
our case showed clearly marginated whitish papules.
no recurrence was performed in the @number@ years ' follow-up in our case.
surgical treatment may be considered in such cases with well-circumscribed lesions.
subsequent hemolysis due to storage conditions and / or hemolytic disorders may have some pathophysiological consequences as a result of the release of hb.
twelve measurements for each patient were averaged to form the best estimate of each eye's wfe and standard deviation.
the larger the wfe and pupil center uncertainty , the greater the effect.
conclusions : as pupil center uncertainty increases , so does the wfe variation in repeated measurements.
the larger the underlying wfe , the greater the impact on measurement variation.
this article is limited to aging as it relates to nurses employed in hospitals.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.
however , the availability of effective disease-modifying drugs for ad is currently limited.
thus , with the aging of the population , the mechanism-based therapeutics for ad is desperately needed.
finally potential mechanism-based adverse effects of these treatments and the strategies to tackle these problems will be discussed.
angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis , whereas angiogenesis is the major cause of blindness in the adult.
bevacizumab , a neutralizing anti-vegf monoclonal antibody , is developed as the first anti-angiogenic drug in @number@
thereafter , various drugs targeting vegf-mediated signals have been developed to control tumor angiogenesis.
thus , anti-angiogenic drugs are now recognized in the clinic as a major step forward for the treatment of cancers and ocular diseases.
this review focuses on the current status of anti-angiogenesis treatment.
methods : cell growth rate was analyzed , and through western blotting , mitogenic signaling was observed.
endogenous ros from wild and hbx transgenic mice and hepg2-mock and hbx cells were assayed by facscalibur.
identification of oxidized and reduced phosphatase and tensin homolog ( pten ) was analyzed through n-ethylmaleimide alkylation , nonreducing electrophoresis.
results : we observed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase / akt pathway is activated by hbx in vivo and in vitro.
increased ros were detected by hbx.
tumor suppressor pten , via dephosphorylation of akt , was oxidized and inactivated by increased ros.
increased oxidized pten activated the mitogenic pathway through over-activated akt.
however , treatment with ros scavenger n-acetyl cysteine can reverse pten to a reduced form.
endogenously produced ros also stimulated hbx expression.
conclusion : hbx induced ros promoted akt pathways via oxidized inactive pten.
hbx and ros maintained a positive regulatory loop , which aggravated carcinogenesis.
purpose : to develop a method for projecting the impact of ageing and changing drug utilization patterns on future drug expenditure.
methods : applying nationwide registries , prescriptions of three categories of cardiovascular drugs were followed for all danish residents from @date@ until @number@
the official danish population forecast 2006-2015 was applied for projecting the population composition.
a previously developed pharmacoepidemiological semi-markov model was extended to apply for projection of future drug utilization.
yearly drug expenditure per user of a particular drug was assumed to remain unchanged.
due to pharmacoepidemiological disequilibrium , unchanged model parameters would imply an increase of @percent@ , ageing alone @percent@.
conclusion : increasing cardiovascular drug utilization may pose a substantial burden on future health care resources.
however , prescribing behaviour is likely to depend on changing clinical guidelines.
despite the limited impact as cost driver , population ageing remains a challenge for future health care services.
psychosocial stress and negative affect are linked to elevations in several inflammatory biomarkers.
physical exercise diminishes inflammation and elevates agents and factors involved in immunomodulatory function.
chronic conditions of stress and affective dysregulation are associated with neuroimmunological insufficiency and inflammation , contributing to health risk and mortality.
physical exercise regimes have induced manifest anti-inflammatory benefits , mediated possibly by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
increased susceptibility to infections , particularly respiratory viral infections , is a hallmark of advancing age.
our results indicate that pdcs from the aged are impaired in their capacity to secrete ifn-i in response to influenza virus and cpg stimulation.
this reduction in ifn-i and ifn-iii were a result of age-associated impaired phosphorylation of transcription factor , irf-7.
furthermore , aged pdcs were observed to be impaired in their capacity to induce perforin and granzyme in cd8 t cells.
the aim of this study was to analyze and compare surgical morbidity associated with third-molar extractions in young and aging populations.
results : a total of @number@ patients had surgical extractions of impacted third molars under local anaesthesia during the period of the study.
prophylactic surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars , based on the assumption that surgical morbidity increases with age , may not be justifiable.
telomeres are a hotspot for sister chromatid exchange ( t-sce ) .
any biological consequence of this form of instability remained obscure until quantitative modeling revealed a link between elevated t-sce rates and accelerated cellular replicative senescence.
in this research perspective we will explore some of the implications this recent work has for human health.
people aged @number@ or older are the fastest growing population in high-income countries.
one of the most common causes of death among the elderly is the cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
lipid-lowering treatment is common , e.g. one-third of 75-84-year-old swedes are treated with statins.
the assumption that hypercholesterolaemia is a risk factor at the highest ages seems to be based on extrapolation from younger adults.
low tc ( < 5.5 mmol / l ) is associated with the highest mortality rate in 80 + -year olds.
no clear optimal level of tc was identified.
people with autistic spectrum disorders ( asd , including asperger syndrome ) may have developmental abnormalities in the amygdala-hippocampal complex ( ahc ) .
people with as , but not controls , had a significant age-related reduction in naa and the naa / cr ratio.
we therefore suggest that people with as have significant differences in neuronal and lipid membrane integrity and maturation of the ahc.
objective : localization of superior sagittal sinus before craniotomy is very crucial to prevent the complications of surgery.
the goal of this study was to verify the anatomical relationship between the sagittal suture and the superior sagittal sinus ( sss ) .
methods : fifty adult cadavers were included in this descriptive analytic study.
anatomical relationship between sss and sagittal suture was analyzed.
the right transverse sinus was dominant in @percent@ of cases.
no gender-associated difference was noticed.
conclusion : our study demonstrates that sss is deviated to the right side of sagittal suture in the majority of cases.
maximum deviation of sss to the right side is about 10mm.
neurosurgeons are advised to be aware of this anatomical relation while operating around sss.
luts would represent for ed an independent risk factor.
some treatment of luts have undesirable effects on the erectile function.
the phosphodiesterase type @number@ inhibitors ( ipde @number@ ) revolutionized the treatment of ed.
several recent clinical studies evaluated the effect daily treatment by ipde @number@ on the luts secondary to bph among patients with or without ed.
the keywords used were : benign prostatic hyperplasia ; cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type @number@ lower urinary tract symptoms ; erectile dysfunction.
it was not observed adverse events.
conclusion : the first results of the use of ipde @number@ in the luts treatment secondary to the hbp seem promising.
however , a direct comparison of efficacy of ipde @number@ and alpha-blockers or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is not yet available.
nitrite has been discovered to be a vasodilator that is preferentially harnessed in hypoxia.
thus , both infused and inhaled nitrite are being studied as therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases.
in addition , nitrite derived from nitrate in the diet has been shown to decrease blood pressure and improve exercise performance.
thus , dietary nitrate may also be important when increased blood flow in hypoxic or ischemic areas is indicated.
these conditions could include age-associated dementia and cognitive decline.
the goal of this study was to determine if dietary nitrate would increase cerebral blood flow in older adults.
the ability to control locomotion through the environment and to intercept , or avoid objects is fundamental to the survival of all locomotor species.
the extent to which this control relies upon optic flow , visual direction cues or non-visual sensory inputs has long been debated.
here we look at the use of sensory information in young and middle-aged participants using a locomotor-driven interceptive task.
we show that the displacements produced by the middle-aged participants were more nonlinear in comparison with young participants.
the implications of this study to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the detection of the rate of change in bearing angle are discussed.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is associated with episodic memory deficits , but their exact nature is unclear.
some dual-process studies have suggested that recollection is impaired and familiarity is spared in pd , yet others have found the opposite.
our goal was to investigate these memory processes in pd and determine whether the inconsistency among existing findings is related to differences in encoding conditions.
we used a process-dissociation procedure with word pairs to estimate familiarity and recollection.
in contrast , in the read encoding condition , there was no group difference in recollection , but familiarity was impaired in the pd group.
within-subject comparisons revealed that both control and pd participants benefitted from the provision of a directed , deep relational encoding strategy.
however , this benefit was manifested as an increase in recollection in the controls , but an increase in familiarity in the pd patients.
telomere shortening has been linked to cellular senescence and human aging , with oxidative stress as a major contributing factor.
we demonstrated that telomeric ttaggg repeats were more prone to oxidative base damage and repaired less efficiently than non-telomeric tg repeats in vivo.
we also showed that the 8-oxodg-incision activity of ogg1 is similar in telomeric and non-telomeric double-stranded substrates.
in addition , telomere repeat binding factors trf1 and trf2 do not impair ogg1 incision activity.
aging is widely considered to be associated with limited balance capacity.
it is not clear if forward reach ability is also affected by aging.
the purpose of this study was to determine if aging was associated with reduced ability of forward reach or changes in movement patterns.
thirty-three young and @number@ older adults were instructed to reach forward as far as possible without losing balance.
the movement patterns were classified as hip , ankle or mixed strategies based upon joint kinematics.
it was found that the initial location of the com was significantly more anterior in the older adults.
older adults overwhelmingly adopted a hip strategy , but none adopted an ankle strategy.
the distribution of the different strategies also differed significantly between groups.
clinically , balance training for older adults may include the exploration and instruction of atypical movement patterns.
the economic implications of these treatment regimens have not been explored.
study design : economic analysis of shpt treatment in hemodialysis patients.
setting & population : this analysis used data from the achieve trial , in which patients received either cinacalcet-d or flex-d.
intervention & outcomes : relative cost-effectiveness was assessed using cost-minimization analysis or incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.
effectiveness was measured using biochemical markers.
limitations : costs and outcomes were derived from a short-term randomized controlled trial and were protocol driven.
clinical outcomes , such as mortality , were not available.
long-term economic conclusions cannot be drawn from these data.
this conclusion was not tempered substantially by the cost of vitamin d analogues or oral phosphate binders.
in age- and gender-adjusted linear regression analyses , we did not find association of rs13043313 with any of the traits.
in conclusion , this study provides evidence that lama5 rs659822 regulates anthropometric and metabolic traits in elderly people.
interestingly , proteins related to oxidative stress , pon1 , haptoglobin , α ( @number@ ) -microglobulin , and clusterin , were altered in sscs.
these results suggest that systemic redox regulation is important for the longevity of sscs.
the region of jdp2 that encompasses its histone-binding domain and dna-binding region is essential to inhibit histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferases.
moreover , assays of nucleosome assembly in vitro demonstrate that jdp2 also has histone-chaperone activity.
the onset and maintenance of senescence are regulated by two tumor suppressors , p53 and retinoblastoma proteins.
the prcs associate with the p16 ( ink4a ) / arf locus in young proliferating cells and dissociate from it in senescent cells.
white matter microstructure is under strong genetic control , yet it is largely unknown how genetic influences change from childhood into adulthood.
white matter integrity was quantified using a widely accepted measure , fractional anisotropy ( fa ) .
we fitted gene-environment interaction models pointwise , to visualize brain regions where age , sex , ses and iq modulate heritability of fiber integrity.
we hypothesized that environmental factors would start to outweigh genetic factors during late childhood and adolescence.
genetic influences were greater in adolescence versus adulthood , and greater in males than in females.
socioeconomic status significantly interacted with genes that affect fiber integrity : heritability was higher in those with higher ses.
in those with below-average iq , however , only around @percent@ fa variability in the same regions was attributable to genetic factors.
genes affect fiber integrity , but their effects vary with age , sex , ses and iq.
gene-environment interactions are vital to consider in the search for specific genetic polymorphisms that affect brain integrity and connectivity.
emerging knowledge of the actions of calcium upstream and downstream of aβ provides opportunities to develop novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for ad.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : 11th european symposium on calcium.
both endogenous processes and exogenous physical and chemical sources generate deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) damage in the nucleus and organelles of living cells.
to prevent deleterious effects , damage is balanced by repair pathways.
dna repair was first documented for the nuclear compartment but evidence was subsequently extended to the organelles.
mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own repair processes.
these share a number of factors with the nucleus but also rely on original mechanisms.
base excision repair remains the best characterized.
repair is organized with the other dna metabolism pathways in the organelle membrane-associated nucleoids.
dna repair in mitochondria is a regulated , stress-responsive process.
organelle genomes do not encode dna repair enzymes and translocation of nuclear-encoded repair proteins from the cytosol seems to be a major control mechanism.
finally , changes in the fidelity and efficiency of mitochondrial dna repair are likely to be involved in dna damage accumulation , disease and aging.
the present review successively addresses these different issues.
accordingly , p66 ( shc ) knockout animals are one of the best characterized genetic model of longevity.
on the other hand , caloric restriction is the only non-genetic mechanism that is shown to increase life span.
animal models in which components of these signaling pathways are induced or silenced present a general phenotype characterized by the deceleration of the aging process.
the role of the somatotropic hormone axis in mammalian longevity has been studied in diverse experimental models in vivo.
this endocrine axis allows regulation of lifespan via metabolism modifications and oxidative stress defense mechanisms.
signaling can be altered at ligand , receptor or signal transduction molecule level through mutagenesis.
brain-specific gene inactivation of igf-1r and irs-2 resulted in similarly long-lived phenotypes indicating that control of longevity is possible by selectively targeting the brain.
this suggested that these results are in principle transposable to humans.
from an early age , autobiographical memory models our feeling of identity and continuity.
it grows throughout lifetime with our experiences and is built up from general self-knowledge and specific memories.
we show that the cognitive and neural bases of autobiographical memory are distinct in both cases.
in alzheimer's disease , autobiographical memory deficit , characterized by a ribot's temporal gradient , is connected to different regions according to memory remoteness.
this discovery has been one of the most controversial of modern neuroscience.
one of these regions is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation , a key structure in memory.
here we will review our current knowledge on the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in memory and in the pathophysiology of memory.
we also discuss how neurogenesis is finely shaped by learning for the purpose of mnemonic information processing.
introduction : falls are a public health problem for the growing population of older adults.
we describe a statewide effort to implement and disseminate a matter of balance / volunteer lay leader model , an evidence-based fall-prevention program.
we used multivariate analyses to examine changes on key outcome variables , controlling for major covariates.
results : from @number@ through @number@ we reached @number@ older texas residents.
creating partnerships among different delivery sectors is needed for building community infrastructure to enhance the health of older adults.
background : this study explored the relationship between \ "worthlessness \ " and all cause non-suicide mortality in chinese elderly men.
methods : data from interviews of @number@ men aged @number@ years and over were collected.
clinically significant depressive symptoms were measured using the validated chinese version of geriatric depression scale.
\ "worthlessness \ " was defined by one of the @number@ questions from the geriatric depression scale with a yes / no response.
all-cause mortality over six years was collected using data from the national death registry with adjudication by 4-monthly telephone interviews.
two men were excluded after suicide death.
there was no statistically significant association between other depressive symptoms or overall depression and mortality.
conclusion : worthlessness may be independently associated with all-cause mortality in chinese elderly men.
there is evidence that amd is linked to exposure to short wavelength electromagnetic radiation , which includes ultraviolet , blue and violet wavelengths.
as these filters absorb part of the visible spectrum , they may affect visual function.
this review looks at the risks and the benefits of filtering out short wavelength light in pseudophakic patients.
executive function ( ef ) deficits are a core symptom of pdd.
methods : secondary outcomes included delis-kaplan executive function system ( d-kefs ) measures of ef.
changes from baseline in the rivastigmine versus placebo groups were evaluated using the van elteren test blocking for country.
these findings support the hypothesis that rivastigmine may affect frontal subcortical circuits , which potentially contributes to observed clinical improvement associated with ef.
glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is one of the most common and most aggressive types of primary brain tumors in humans.
survival after diagnosis is about 12-14 months.
the tumor cells which already have migrated into normal brain tissue beyond the surgical resection margin account for the inability to effectively treat this tumor.
understanding how to control the migration of gbm cells is paramount to future therapies.
methods : surveyed a convenience sample of middle-aged and older adults ( n = @number@ ) at a metropolitan park agency in the midwest.
results : the final reduced model predicted @percent@ of the variance in ltpa , including an indirect effect of ei x oe through intrapersonal constraints.
life expectancies have increased dramatically over the last @number@ years , affording greater opportunities to study the impact of age on adult craniofacial morphology.
this article employs a novel application of established geometric morphometric methods to examine shape differences in adult regional facial bone curvature with age.
each facial region's semilandmarks were aligned into a common coordinate system via generalized procrustes superimposition.
regional variation in shape was then explored via a battery of multivariate statistical techniques.
age-related shape differences were detected in the orbits , zygomatic arches , and maxillary alveolar process.
interactions between age , sex , and ancestry were also identified.
these findings indicate that adult craniofacial curvature shape is not static throughout human life.
instead , age-related spatial modifications occur in various regions of the craniofacial skeleton.
moreover , these regional alterations vary not only through time , but across human populations and the sexes.
milk contains calcium , phosphorus , and protein and is fortified with vitamin d in the united states.
all these ingredients may improve bone health.
however , the potential benefit of milk on hip fracture prevention is not well established.
pooled analyses were based on random effects models.
the data were extracted by two independent observers.
no association studies have yet been reported supporting any candidate gene.
twenty-two snps showed significant associations for verbal storage ( forward digit span ) a trait linked to phonological span.
these effects of robo1 appear to be unrelated to brain mechanisms underpinning reading ability , at least by adolescence.
its functional role in neuronal migration underlying bilateral symmetry and lateralization of neuronal function further suggests a role in the evolution of human language ability.
reference data for the four metacarpal measures are presented.
results : in boys , growth of t , w and l shows a prepubertal decrease from ba @number@ to @number@ and then accelerates again.
in girls , the same is seen only for t starting from ba @number@ to @number@ whereas w and l grow at a declining rate.
m shows steady growth until ba @number@ in girls and ba @number@ in boys and then grows smaller in both.
ba is reflected best by l until start of puberty and by t and l thereafter.
conclusion : t , w , l and m show highly differentiated growth patterns.
these reference data provide a basis for further research into skeletal development and the management of hormone therapies in children.
overexpression of the de-ubiquitinating enzyme uch-l1 leads to inclusion formation in response to proteasome impairment.
these inclusions contain components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and α-synuclein confirming that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in protein aggregation.
the experiments show that cells are very heterogeneous with respect to inclusion formation and so we use stochastic simulation.
the model shows that the variability is partly due to stochastic effects but also depends on protein expression levels of uch-l1 within cells.
this leads to less efficient protein degradation and hence more aggregation suggesting that there is a vicious cycle.
however , proteasome inhibition may not necessarily be the initiating event.
this paper analyzes the impact of population aging on health care expenditures in korea.
we contend , however , that population aging is considered as a parameter rather than an independent variable to explain rising health care expenditures.
japan is currently experiencing the most rapid population aging among all oecd countries.
increasing expenditures on medical care in japan have been attributed to the aging of the population.
in this study , we analyzed a large sample of local public insurance claim data to investigate medical and ltc expenditures in japan.
recruiting adolescents into smoking cessation programs has been challenging , and there is a lack of effective smoking cessation interventions for this age group.
we aimed to assess whether the approach of using aging images can be used to recruit young , female smokers for a smoking cessation course.
in this study , @number@ 14- to 18-year-old subjects were photographed ( 2006-2007 ) .
after software-aided aging , the images evoked strong emotions , especially in subjects with an advanced motivational stage to quit.
however , it was not possible to recruit the study population for a smoking cessation course.
we concluded that aging images are a promising intervention for reaching young women and increasing their motivation to stop smoking.
however , smoking cessation courses may not be appropriate for this age group : none of the recruits agreed to take a cessation course.
we provide an overview of ongoing discovery efforts in the genetics of blood pressure ( bp ) and hypertension ( htn ) traits.
two large genome-wide association meta-analyses of individuals of european descent were recently published , revealing ~13 new loci for bp traits.
only two of these loci harbor genes in a pathway known to affect bp ( cyp17a1 and nppa / nppb ) .
functional variants in these loci are still unknown.
few genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) of complex diseases have been published from non-european populations.
several collaborative efforts toward discovery of low-frequency variants and copy number variation for bp traits are currently underway.
as evidence for new loci for complex diseases accumulates the assessment of the epidemiologic architecture of these variants in populations assumes higher priority.
total adiposity was measured by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and regional adiposity by abdominal and thigh computed tomography scans at baseline and 5-year follow-up.
anova models were estimated to examine associations between f ( @number@ ) -ip tertiles and baseline adiposity and changes in body composition.
f ( @number@ ) -ips were associated with higher levels of adiponectin , leptin , and tumor necrosis factor-α ( tnf-α ) .
positive associations were found between f ( @number@ ) -ips and all measures of total and regional adiposity among women.
in linear regression models , adipocytokines mediated associations among women.
f ( @number@ ) -ips predicted loss of total adiposity over time among women.
the tumor suppressor p53 provides exquisite protection from cancer by balancing cell survival and death in response to stress.
sustained stress or irreparable damage trigger p53's killer functions to permanently eliminate genetically-altered cells as a potential source of cancer.
in addition , we demonstrate that part of this regulation occurs at the level of dna binding.
we show that the killer function of p53 requires the four dna binding domains within the p53 tetramer to interact with one another.
modulating p53 interactions within the tetramer could therefore present a novel promising strategy to fine-tune p53-based cell fate decisions.
design : meta-analyses of studies on psychotropic drugs.
results : @number@ studies are included , of which @number@ have data on risk factors associated with psychotropic drugs.
the odds ratio and @percent@ cl for associations between use of psychotropic drugs and fall are @number@ and @number@.57-2.01 , respectively.
this result is statistically heterogeneous.
this heterogeneity disappears in the group of very old participants for each class.
conclusion : our study confirms the association between falls in the elderly people and psychotropic drugs.
these results are similar to those of former meta-analyses but with different methods.
it shows that these meta-analyses on psychotropic drugs have a small impact on prescribing habits.
they only give evidence to support the association between psychotropic drugs and falls even if there is no proven link.
method : data are drawn from the wisconsin longitudinal study , a sample of nearly @number@ healthy white midwestern high school graduates in their mid-60s.
results : four fifths of participants wanted to make decisions independently.
those concerned about burdening a caregiver wanted to make independent decisions.
persons who both executed a living will and appointed a durable power of attorney for health care preferred independent decision making.
discussion : older adults cite personal and affiliative beliefs , not lack of autonomy , as reasons for their choice to decide independently or delegate.
methods : serum ferritin values from @number@ consecutive patients in primary care were examined.
all measurements had been made at the request of the general practitioner.
results : ferritin values in males reached a steady state by @number@ years and did not increase thereafter.
values above @number@ μg / l were found in @percent@ of all males.
female values rose progressively with age.
less than @percent@ of women < 50 years had values > 100 μg / l.
by the age of @number@ years , @percent@ had values > 300 μg / l.
ferritin values > 1000 μg / l were found in @number@ patients.
this rise was neither explained nor investigated in @number@ cases.
conclusion : raised ferritin values are frequently found in samples submitted from primary care and most so in adult males.
the authors also conclude that general practitioners require more guidance from haematologists in the management of patients with very high values.
postural sway speed and area , which did not correlate with complexity , were also computed.
dual tasking resulted in increased sway speed and area but reduced complexity ( p < @number@ ) .
sensory impairments contributed to decreased postural sway complexity , which reflected reduced adaptive capacity of the postural control system.
relatively low baseline complexity may , therefore , indicate control systems that are more vulnerable to cognitive and other stressors.
further analysis of versican indicates that four major core protein species are present in human skin at all ages examined from fetal to adult.
two of these are identified as the @date@ and @date@ isoforms , with the latter predominating.
the other two species are catabolic fragments of @date@ and @date@ which have the amino acid sequence dpeaae as their carboxyl terminus.
in contrast , the catabolic fragments of decorin are present in adult skin , but are virtually absent from fetal skin.
taken together , these data suggest that there are age-related differences in the catabolism of proteoglycans in human skin.
that paper's principal data set , the ed01 records , was scrambled when read and analyzed with a statistical software package.
this new finding is entirely at odds with the old , and does not support our later work on humans.
two of this paper's authors , f pompei and r wilson , contributed to the original article.
we are informing authors who have cited our paper in the past and apologize deeply for any wasted time or lost work.
we should have subjected the ed01 records to more error checks.
we thank jennifer blank for helping us discover and correct this error.
the ed01 records and our earlier research are available @url@
paraoxonase-1 ( pon1 ) is a serum arylsulfatase that metabolizes organophosphate pesticides and protects low-density lipoprotein from oxidation.
there was also no evidence of an interaction between pon1 and apolipoprotein e for any of these diseases.
recently , a new assay for the differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy ( psp ) was proposed.
it was shown that the ratio of 33 / 55 kda tau forms in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) was specifically reduced in psp csf.
we aimed to reproduce these results , but were not able to detect the tau forms in csf.
we conclude that more sensitive techniques are needed to measure tau forms in csf.
progranulin ( pgrn ) mutations have been recognized to be monogenic causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
pgrn thr272fs mutation in the italian population has been previously identified.
we identified a common haplotype associated with pgrn thr272fs carriers , assuming common ancestry.
in @number@ families , autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance was present in @percent@ of cases.
no clinical predictors of disease onset were demonstrated.
the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of outpatient services for elderly patients in taiwan.
this study applied kano's model and the analytic network process ( anp ) to improve the basic framework of qfd.
in addition , adapting the supermatrix of anp to the calculation of the house of quality ( hoq ) will reduce subjective judgments.
with rapid population aging , increasing attention is given to the mental health of older people.
this study examined the association between ses and depressive symptoms in older adults.
the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to measure the extent of depressive symptoms.
socioeconomic indicators included education , household income , and net worth.
there was an inverse association between higher levels of socioeconomic factors and depressive symptoms in the study population.
a clear difference in the association between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic factors by gender was observed.
in the multivariate analysis , wealth was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in men , whereas education and income was so in women.
methods : a total of @number@ non-carious class-v lesions in @number@ patients were restored with clearfil ap-x ( kuraray ) .
results : the recall rate at @number@ years was @percent@.
the difference , however , was only statistically significant for the presence of superficial marginal discoloration ( mcnemar , p = 0.01 ) .
reproductive cessation is perhaps the earliest aging phenotype that humans experience.
similarly , reproduction of caenorhabditis elegans ceases in mid-adulthood.
although somatic aging has been studied in both worms and humans , mechanisms regulating reproductive aging are not yet understood.
tgf-β activity regulates reproductive span and germline / oocyte quality noncell-autonomously and is temporally and transcriptionally separable from its regulation of growth.
cellular senescence as the state of permanent inhibition of cell proliferation is a tumour-suppressive mechanism.
some of these markers have been identified in cells from age-related pathologies.
the ability to retrieve temporal and spatial context information from memory declines with healthy aging.
as such , age-associated reductions in anterior hc volume may contribute to the context memory deficits observed in older adults.
we further examined between age-group differences in the volumes of the same hc sub-regions.
multiple regression analyses revealed that in younger adults both spatial and temporal context retrieval performance was predicted by anterior hc volume.
however , hc volumes did not predict context retrieval performance in older adults.
we conclude that individual differences in anterior , not posterior , hc volumes predict context memory performance in young adults.
however , due to concomitant changes in the prefrontal system with age , there are limits to compensation in the aging brain.
effective , physiologically relevant , phosphoproteome research relies on the efficient phosphopeptide enrichment from complex samples.
immobilized metal affinity chromatography and titanium dioxide chromatography can greatly assist selective phosphopeptide enrichment.
however , the complexity of resultant enriched samples is often still high , suggesting that further separation of enriched phosphopeptides is required.
we have developed a ph gradient elution technique for enhanced phosphopeptide identification in conjunction with titanium dioxide chromatography.
using this process , we demonstrated its superiority to the traditional \ "one-pot \ " strategies for differential protein identification.
our technique generated a highly specific separation of phosphopeptides by an applied ph gradient between @number@ and @number@
the most efficient elution range for high-resolution phosphopeptide separation was between phs @number@ and @number@
high-resolution separation of multiply phosphorylated peptides was primarily achieved using elution ranges greater than ph @number@
in this study , a total of @number@ patients of the endocrinology outpatient clinic who had undergone thyreopathy treatment of various lengths were investigated.
influence of aging processes should be also taken into account.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is commonly associated with memory impairment.
there have been a number of studies attempting to ameliorate this through memory interventions including memory rehabilitation and training.
methods : the literature was systematically searched for studies focusing on interventions targeting memory impairment in mci using relevant search terms.
studies were screened for inclusion or exclusion using a priori criteria and , once identified , studies were examined for quality using pre-specified criteria.
results : a total of @number@ studies were identified in the search , ten of which were included in the final review.
only one study was an rct of \ "adequate \ " methodology.
it was tentatively suggested that people with mci can learn specific information , although there was little evidence to suggest that memory training can generalize.
there was some limited evidence of ability to learn to compensate for memory difficulties and contradictory findings regarding improvement in everyday life.
conclusions : the poor methodological quality of the included studies implies that the ability to draw conclusions is limited.
mci is a controversial concept and there is a need for good quality trials examining the efficacy of memory interventions.
background : decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women represents a growing source of physical limitations and financial concerns in our aging population.
in addition to calcium and vitamin d supplementation , previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of dietary silicon on bone health.
this study evaluated the absorption of silicon from bottled artesian aquifer water and its effect on markers of bone metabolism.
ntx , a urinary marker of bone resorption did not change during the study and was not affected by the silicon water supplementation.
no significant change was observed in the serum markers of bone formation compared to baseline measurements for either group.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01067508.
our studies feature thick sections , large blocks embedded in celloidin , and vascular staining by alkaline phosphatase.
this permits study of the vascular network in three dimensions , and the differentiation of afferent from efferent vessels.
a decline in cerebrovascular angiogenesis may inhibit recovery from hypoxia-induced capillary loss.
cerebral blood flow is inhibited by tortuous arterioles and deposition of excessive collagen in veins and venules.
hypoperfusion occurs early in alzheimer's disease , inducing white matter lesions and correlating with dementia.
in vascular dementia , cholinergic reductions are correlated with cognitive impairment , and cholinesterase inhibitors have some benefit.
most lipid microemboli from cardiac surgery pass through the brain in a few days , but some remain for weeks.
they can cause what appears to be a type of vascular dementia years after surgery.
donepezil has shown some benefit.
solar uva exposure plays a causative role in skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.
here , we describe the proteomic identification of novel uva-targets in human dermal fibroblasts following a ( 2d-dige ) approach.
the protein displaying the most pronounced uva-induced upregulation was identified as the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin.
extensive lysosomal accumulation of lipofuscin-like autofluorescence and osmiophilic material occurred in uva-exposed fibroblasts as detected by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy , respectively.
pharmacological cathepsin b inhibition using ca074me mimicked uva-induced accumulation of lysosomal autofluorescence and deficient cathepsin b maturation.
the sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker of the heart.
this can explain the phenomenon of a \ "wandering pacemaker \ " and concomitant changes in the p-wave morphology.
this review is an up-to-date summary of the current state of our appreciation of the above topics.
evaluation : offered is a literature review and definitions of the four different generational groups evident in the current nursing workforce.
these are offered as an insight into the different needs and attitudes that multigenerational groups bring to the nursing workforce.
key issue ( s ) : making the most of the multigenerational workforce and offering recommendations for meeting their unique challenges.
conclusions : understanding the different generational groups may allow nursing leaders and managers to consider what drives , motivates or hinders nurses from different generations.
resveratrol has been shown to possess anticancer , anti-aging , anti-inflammatory , antimicrobial , and neuroprotective activities.
these results suggest that resveratrol could be an important chemoprevention agent for hepatoma of hepatitis c virus infection.
method : the subjects with kyphosis were @number@ elderly people in a facility providing health care services for the elderly.
the estimated shear force was calculated by substituting these values in the model.
the regression line between the two values was y = @number@.097x + @number@ where x = estimated value , y = measured value.
we investigated the size of repetition priming effects from young-old to very old age using a newly developed word-stem completion ( wsc ) task.
retrospectively , we examined the role of explicit , intentional retrieval strategies in priming.
we constructed our task by taking factors into account that were known to complicate the measurement of significant and valid priming effects.
participants that subsequent to task administration reported awareness of the study-test relationship obtained higher priming scores.
however , analysis of stem-completion times showed that explicit contamination during the task was unlikely.
the results suggest that wsc priming is age-invariant up to very old age.
this task with increased validity might contribute to the differentiation with alzheimer's disease by improving specificity of assessment.
we also provide a description of the core components of this innovative memory care program.
results : findings from three recent randomized clinical trials provided the rationale and basic components for implementing the new memory care program.
we used the reflective adaptive process as a relationship building framework that recognizes primary care practices as complex adaptive systems.
this framework allows for local adaptation of the protocols and procedures developed in the clinical trials.
conclusions : we have successfully overcome many system-level barriers in implementing a collaborative care program for dementia and depression in primary care.
spontaneous adoption of new models of care is unlikely without specific attention to the complexities and resource constraints of health care systems.
visual feedback was provided after each trial.
movement error was calculated as the absolute distance from the target.
movement variability was quantified as the standard deviation of finger acceleration and the variability of end position across trials.
the emg activity of first dorsal interosseus ( fdi ) and second palmar interosseus ( spi ) muscles was measured with intramuscular electrodes.
older adults exhibited greater spatial and temporal errors and greater variability in finger acceleration and end position during both the lifting and lowering tasks.
our aim in this study was to evaluate hyoid bone movement trajectories and the age-related changes during swallowing in healthy subjects by ultrasonography.
the subjects were examined while sitting in an upright position , with the back against a wall to control movement.
the transducer was placed in a longitudinal scan above the larynx.
the subjects were then given @number@ ml of mineral water.
the water bolus was held in their mouth until they were forced to do a rapid swallow.
the imaging was repeated five times for averaging.
we easily visualized the hyoid bone trajectory by using ultrasonography.
in all cases , ultrasonographic analysis of the hyoid bone was confirmed to have a similar trajectory , as determined with videofluoroscopy.
the average swallowing duration measurements increased with age.
the measurement of the maximally elevated point of the hyoid bone decreased with age.
the movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing can be visualized by us.
the trajectory of the hyoid bone in sagittal section indicated the capability of swallowing , and may detect some anomalies in swallowing.
hormone decline is common to all women during aging and , associated with other factors , leads to cognitive impairment.
the sample comprised 50- to 65-year-old women whose menstruation had ceased at least @number@ year before and who had not undergone hormone replacement.
the volunteers were allocated to two groups of @number@ individuals each , i.e. , isoflavone and placebo.
there was a weak correlation between menopause duration and low performance in the capacity to manipulate information ( central executive ) .
we did not observe differences between groups in terms of signs and symptoms suggestive of depression according to the geriatric depression scale.
our results point to a possible beneficial effect of isoflavone on some abilities of the central executive.
these effects could also contribute to minimizing the impact of memory impairment.
further research based on controlled clinical trials is necessary to reach consistent conclusions.
because elderly patients fall easily into dehydration , normal values for ivc diameters in elderly patients may be helpful for geriatric medicine.
however , normal values of ivc diameter in relation to age have not been investigated.
the purpose of this study was to elucidate age-related changes in ivc diameter using echocardiography.
maximum ivc diameter was decreased with advancing age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the respirophasic variation of the ivc diameter was increased with advancing age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
age-related decrease in maximum ivc diameter and increase in the respirophasic ivc collapsibility may indicate the decrease in right atrial pressure in some elderly patients.
therefore , elderly patients with decreased maximum ivc and increased respirophasic ivc collapsibility may need prevention for dehydration.
@number@ individuals suffering from down syndrome ( ds ) were enrolled in this study as group of pathological participants.
the assessment consisted of 3d gait analysis : all pathological participants performed gait analysis in a longitudinal examination , from childhood to adulthood.
researchers can rely either on retrospectively reported or on prospectively measured health changes to identify and quantify recent changes in respondents ' health status.
the two methods typically do not provide the same answers.
we compare the validity of prospective versus retrospective measures of health changes by investigating their predictive power for subsequent mortality.
for a high proportion of reports ( @percent@ ) , prospectively measured health changes in sah do not concur with retrospectively reported health changes.
our results show that both measures of health changes are predictive of mortality in the model controlling for levels of sah and socioeconomic characteristics only.
attrition is one of the most important threats for longitudinal studies on aging mainly due to refusal and mortality.
after 6-14 months from the baseline , @percent@ individuals were re-assessed , @percent@ died and @percent@ dropped out for several reasons.
comparisons between the individuals deceased , interviewed and those who dropped out yielded significant differences mainly due to contextual variables.
the mortality rate of participants living in residences is three times greater than those of participants living in the community.
in the developed countries , people are living longer and the number of aged persons is growing.
knowledge on the effectiveness of rehabilitative procedures is needed and information in physical performance between men and women is scarce.
the study included @number@ community-dwelling persons with a mean age of @number@ years.
a clinical assessment and a structured interview were carried out.
cognitive capacity was evaluated with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
physical performance was measured through several validated tests.
pain was measured with the visual analogy scale ( vas ) .
the rehabilitation was carried out with the standard rehabilitation protocol.
both men and women showed a statistically significant improvement in physical performance tests.
the experience of pain and disease symptoms diminished significantly in both sexes ( p < 0.001 ) .
the intervention showed that women improved more than men.
inpatient geriatric rehabilitation appeared to have a positive effect on physical performance and the experience of pain in elderly people.
the morphological and functional features of incomplete regeneration and reinnervation are compared between adult and aged animals.
in addition , some possible mechanisms of the age-related defects will be discussed.
the frequency and accuracy of reoccupation of the synaptic sites by tscs and axon terminals are impaired.
besides the capability of α-motoneurons , signaling originating from the tscs and muscle may be impaired during aging.
since diabetic hyperglycaemia causes hyperosmolarity , we investigated the contribution of hyperosmolarity in the proinflammatory endothelial effects of hyperglycemia , and investigated the mechanisms involved.
after @number@ h incubation with hg / hm , we observed a significant similar and concentration-dependent enhancement of aqp1 expression.
dmso and ca inhibited hyperosmolarity-induced vcam-1 expressions , while increasing nitrite levels and ser1146-enos expression.
gene silencing by small interfering rna reduced the expression of aqp1 , and suppressed hg and hm-stimulated vcam-1 expression.
calphostin c and ly blunted hyperosmolarity-induced vcam-1 expression , while increasing the expression of ser1146-enos and nitrite production.
hg decreases enos activation and induces total vcam-1 expression in haec through a hyperosmolar mechanism.
these effects are mediated by activation of the water channels aqp1 and nhe-1 , and a pkcbeta-mediated intracellular signaling pathway.
targeting osmosignaling pathways may represent a novel strategy to reduce vascular effects of hyperglycemia.
aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in the integrity of the immune system , a process known as immunosenescence.
thus , physiological immunosenescence may render older adults susceptible to ra , and premature immunosenescence may contribute to the development of ra in young adults.
in addition , other features of immunosenescence may result from the chronic immune stimulation that occurs in ra and lead to worsening of the disease.
the aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a version in portuguese of the reminiscence functions scale.
age and gender differences emerged regarding reminiscence functions.
these results demonstrate that , while significant cultural differences exist , the psychometric properties of the reminiscence functions scale are adequate for the portuguese population.
the article explores and evaluates the quality of life , safety , and security of elderly people in tehran city in iran.
in that , different dimensions of material and social well-being , and abuse of people of the age @number@ and above , are assessed.
besides the human rights , the dignity , and the gradual decline of the elderly's social security are reflected.
the method of research mainly being empirical , it is preceded by theoretical and literature review.
five hundred elderly people were randomly selected for the study.
findings suggest that the aging pyramid shrinks and narrows at the age of @number@ or even before in the present study.
research reached the conclusion that the young elderly with new needs and expectations are highly different from those of their pervious generations.
loneliness was measured using a three-item loneliness scale based on the university of california at los angeles ( ucla ) loneliness scale.
sources of social support were classified as spouse , children living with their elders , children living apart , and friends / neighbors.
study findings indicate that the main social support exchange for the elderly was with adult children living together , spouse , and friends / neighbors.
results also show gender difference in social support.
significant variables of loneliness were social support received from spouse , social support provided to spouse , and children living together with both elderly parents.
the use of images of older people in the british advertising media has been under-researched to date.
after a series of sorting task laboratory sessions , multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed four clearly defined groups representing types of portrayals.
these types emerged from the advertisements and from the views of the consumers themselves.
these groupings seem to be a logical context-appropriate derivation from previous findings on generally held stereotypes of older persons.
to assist in this process , this article provides an overview of common comorbidities affecting hiv-infected persons and provides practical guidance on their management.
in addition , their results are frequently published only incompletely or some time after the end of the clinical study.
to clarify these outstanding questions regarding the individual treatment of patients , independent , science-initiated clinical studies after the market authorization are required.
independent post-market authorization clinical studies need to be completed in order to ensure a need-oriented and efficient treatment with new oncologic substances.
alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia in the aged population.
the author discusses recent developments in the perspective of alzheimer disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions.
elderly individuals tend to go to sleep earlier in the evening and wake earlier due to a phase advance in their normal circadian sleep cycle.
aging is a natural process characterized by a progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond adaptively to environmental stimuli.
aging is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of chronic diseases , including type @number@ diabetes mellitus , cancer , and neurological diseases.
here , we review the emerging concepts highlighting the putative aging-associated abnormalities involved in some human ilds.
while the prevalence and morbidity of copd in the elderly are high , it is often undiagnosed and thus undertreated.
the diagnosis of copd is primarily based on the physiological documentation of airflow limitation using spirometry.
many non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are available for managing copd.
additionally , the elderly often suffer from physical or cognitive disabilities that can prevent compliance with prescribed medications.
lastly , adverse effects from medications prescribed for treatment of copd may be more pervasive in elderly patients.
allergies and asthma are diseases that affect individuals of all ages , and their prevalence is comparable in all age groups.
this article examines age-related changes in immune function that predispose elderly individuals to lung remodeling but focuses especially on lower respiratory tract infections.
pulmonary aspiration is the consequence of abnormal entry of fluid , particulate material , or endogenous secretions into the airway.
with an ever-increasing number of elderly individuals in the world , a better understanding of the issues associated with aging and the environment is needed.
the respiratory system is one of the primary interfaces between the body and the external environment.
however , the mechanism ( s ) for increased susceptibility in this subpopulation are not well understood.
aging is associated with a progressive deterioration in the structure and function of the pulmonary circulation.
in theory , the aforementioned age-related changes in the pulmonary circulation may conspire to make elderly individuals more susceptible to gas exchange abnormalities during exercise.
this in turn increases the severity of expiratory airflow limitation and induces dynamic lung hyperinflation during exercise.
the tissues of the lungs undergo changes with age that lead to an increase in alveolar size without any destruction of alveolar walls.
exercise performance falls with age , with a small decrease in arterial oxygenation that stabilizes over the age of @number@ years.
focusing on what function remains can allow survival predictions to guide decisions on treatment options.
@number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ men , @percent@ black ) .
results : in mixed-effects models adjusted for demographics , each s.d.
( @number@ cm / s ) higher pwv was associated with @number@ ( s.e.
@number@ ) m / s slower gait speed at baseline and throughout the study period ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : these findings suggest that aortic stiffness may be especially detrimental to mobility in older adults with already compromised arterial function.
the duration and quality of life in elderly patients with chf also depend on accompanying diseases.
methods and results : of the @number@ study patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were men.
in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) we found previously unrecognized copd.
patients with copd had significantly shorter 6-min walking distance ( @number@ ± @number@ vs @number@ ± @number@ m , p < 0.05 ) .
only patient's age had a positive prognostic association with unrecognized copd ( or = 1.16 ; @percent@ ci @number@.01- @number@ p < 0.01 ) .
conclusions : we found a high prevalence of unrecognized copd in elderly patients with chf and central obesity.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease influenced functional capacity in chf patients , as determined by the 6-minute walking test.
closer co-operation between pulmonologists and cardiologists is necessary to optimize management of this large proportion of chf patients.
this study investigates the information of available postmortem brain resources in japan.
data were obtained from personal references , home pages viewing and direct e-mail inquiries to relevant institutes.
among the brain banks , the brain bank for aging research and fukushimura brain bank were reported in detail in different chapters of this issue.
the brain bank committee of the japanese society of neuropathology also allowed an e-mail inquiry with regard to possible resource supply.
the national center of neurology and psychiatry provided resource-related information in comformance with the living will of individuals and the research resource network.
niigata university has the largest resource on neurodegenerative disorders.
at present the stanley brain bank ( @url@ maybe the most preferable choice for psychiatric research in japan.
brain bank was established in @number@'s in the united states and europe as a basic infrastructure for human neuroscience research.
the research resource network as well as the brain donation system of patients with parkinson disease started in the national center for neurology and psychiatry.
a brain bank specially for psychiatric disorders was also established in fukushima university.
bbar was also appointed as the pathology core of japanese alzheimer disease neuroimage initiative ( jadni ) this year.
the key features of jbbnnr are as follows.
( @number@ ) the brain bank accepts brain donation and maintains a clinical longitudinal follow-up record of the donor.
( @number@ ) the brain bank resource is quality controlled and its information is shared by researchers.
( @number@ ) the brain bank provides useful resources to researchers.
composite restorations degrade during wear , but it is unknown how wear affects the composite surface and influences composite-to-composite bonding in minimally invasive repair.
failure modes were predominantly cohesive after silica-coating , while application yielded more adhesive failure.
the long-term effectiveness of chlorhexidine as a matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) inhibitor may be compromised when water is incompletely removed during dentin bonding.
resin-dentin beams were prepared for bond strength and tem evaluation after @number@ hrs and after aging in artificial saliva for @number@ and @number@ mos.
bonds made to ethanol-saturated dentin did not change over time with preservation of hybrid layer integrity.
one event associated with loss of any of these genes is altered mitochondrial function.
recent evidence suggests that turnover of damaged mitochondria by autophagy might be central to the process of recessive parkinsonism.
these effects are due to endogenous oxidative stress , as antioxidants will reverse all of them.
similar to pink1 and parkin , dj-1 also limits mitochondrial fragmentation in response to the mitochondrial toxin rotenone.
of the three proteins complex together using size exclusion chromatography.
these data suggest that dj-1 works in parallel to the pink1 / parkin pathway to maintain mitochondrial function in the presence of an oxidative environment.
a decline in mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging process and increases the incidence of age-related disorders.
ljm is frequently observed in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( iddm ) .
aim of this study was to evaluate whether non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( niddm ) increases the risk of ljm in elderly subjects.
moreover , abnormalities of supraspinatus , patellar and achilles tendons were evaluated with a standardized ultrasound ( us ) procedure.
moreover , tendons sonographic abnormalities were more frequently observed in diabetics.
our data confirm that diabetes worsens the ljm in the elderly , increasing the cross-linking of collagen by the non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products formation.
increases or decreases in the contractile response of smooth muscle underlie important pathological conditions such as hypertension , incontinence and altered gastrointestinal transit.
these disorders are also frequently encountered in the aged population.
oxidative stress and inflammation are key features in the initiation , progression , and clinical manifestations of smooth muscle disorders.
melatonin , the major secretory product of the pineal gland , has free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties and protects against oxidative insult.
recently , widespread interest has grown regarding the apparent protective effects of melatonin on smooth muscle dysfunction.
in addition , melatonin improves colonic transit time in constipation-predominant ibs patients.
it also reverses bladder damage following ischemia / reperfusion.
in conclusion , melatonin may be a promising candidate for future research of agents that modulate smooth muscle motility.
objective : to investigate the clinical outcomes of one stage debridement and closed-suction drainage for treatment of infection after lumbar instrumentation.
the disease duration varied from @number@ days to @number@ days ( @number@ days on average ) .
two patients were treated with internal fixator removal.
primary healing of incisions were achieved in all cases.
twelve patients were followed up 18-53 months ( @number@ months on average ) .
no obvious low back pain was observed.
pathological-changed vertebra-space fused.
the x-ray films showed that the average kyphosis decreased @number@ degrees at @number@ months after operation.
conclusion : one stage debridement and closed-suction drainage therapy is an effective method for treating infection after lumbar instrumentation.
the operation is easy and can reduce hospitalization days.
flow sensitivity to a mild hypercapnic challenge was also examined.
coregistered 3d mprage sequence was used to eliminate from hippocampal and cortical regions of interest all voxel with < 75% of gray matter.
large blood vessels were also excluded.
hbf in normal volunteers averaged @number@ ± @number@ ml / ( @number@ g min ) .
there was no statistically significant age or gender effect.
flow response among women was significantly larger than in the men.
the average absolute difference between two successive hbf measures was @number@ ml / ( @number@ g min ) or @percent@.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) patients develop progressive cognitive decline.
the two groups were similar in age , education , race and gender.
even more serious implications lie in the capacity to make treatment choices.
serum was collected from a cohort of patients ( n = @number@ ) , @number@ patients with a reduced bmd and @number@ control patients.
serum dkk1 expression as quantified by elisa was correlated with lumbar and femoral t- and z-scores.
our data further emphasizes the pivotal role played by wnt / β-catenin signaling in bone mass regulation.
these biomarker indices were expressed in quantitative terms by reporting them as a fraction of the respective controls.
also assessed was the effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose , the agent attenuating metabolic cell activity , on the depth of senescence induced by mxt.
three logistic models that discriminated the occurrence of hip fracture with qct variables were obtained ( auc = @number@ ) .
the best discriminant using dxa variables was obtained with total femur abmd ( auc = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
scope : curcumin , a component of the spice turmeric , was tested for its potential hormetic anti-aging effects as an inducer of mild stress.
curcumin also induced nuclear factor @number@ accumulation in the nuclei.
the use of the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine prevented the induction of ho-1 by curcumin.
late passage senescent cells already had higher ho-1 levels , and further induction of ho-1 by curcumin was considerably impaired.
the induction of stress responses by curcumin in human cells led to protective hormetic effects to further oxidant challenge.
reaction time ( rt ) and the n400 erp component were measured to examine age-related differences in bilingual language processing.
although young bilinguals appear to access both languages simultaneously ( i.e. , non-selective access ) , little is known about language selection in older adults.
results are discussed in terms of age-related changes in language processing and context use in bilinguals.
conclusion : further studies should evaluate the lower tendency of elderly people with religious affiliations to seek treatment for mental health problems.
background : diet is a modifiable factor that could be targeted as an appropriate intervention to optimise cognitive health and well-being in ageing.
aim : the aim of this systematic review was to consider current evidence for an association between dairy intake and cognitive functioning.
results : three cross-sectional and @number@ prospective studies were identified.
poorer cognitive function and an increased risk for vascular dementia were found to be associated with a lower consumption of milk or dairy products.
however , the consumption of whole-fat dairy products may be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.
conclusion : methodological variability and study limitations do not enable conclusions regarding optimal dairy intake and cognitive performance to be drawn.
randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the relationship between dairy intake and cognition.
background / aims : there are few studies that evaluate the clinical outcomes of individuals with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
methods : we evaluated clinical progression in a sample of @number@ older adults with dmci.
we compared baseline brain mri , neuropsychological tests , and health risk factors.
results : twelve individuals with dmci progressed clinically , and @number@ individuals remained stable over @number@ years.
health risk factors , except hypertension , did not differ between groups.
conclusion : the results suggest that dmci patients who progress relatively quickly over @number@ years may have unique clinical and brain mri features.
parkinson disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.
the function of these genes and their contribution to pd pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated.
the prevalence , incidence , clinical manifestations , and genetic components of pd are discussed in this review.
the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the genetic causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
in addition , @number@ relatively rare , additional genes known to cause familial ftld are examined in brief.
lastly , genetic counseling issues which may be important to the community clinician are discussed.
background : readmissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) are common and costly.
methods : we conducted a retrospective cohort study of fee-for-service medicare beneficiaries with an identifiable pcp who were hospitalized for copd between @number@ and @number@
three or more visits to a pcp in the year prior to the hospitalization established a pcp for a patient.
those receiving care at nonteaching , for-profit , and smaller-sized hospitals were more likely to have a follow-up visit.
conclusion : continuity with patient's pcp or pulmonologist after an acute hospitalization may lower rates of er visits and readmission in patients with copd.
substantial changes in population size , age structure , and urbanization are expected in many parts of the world this century.
we carry out a comprehensive assessment of the implications of demographic change for global emissions of carbon dioxide.
we also find that aging and urbanization can substantially influence emissions in particular world regions.
( @number@ ) .
nature 399 : 255-258 ] .
here we argue that this primitive pattern is also characterized by sexual dimorphism in the pelvic canal shape , implying complicated deliveries.
in addition , this individual shows signs of lumbar kyphotic deformity , spondylolisthesis , and baastrup disease.
this suite of lesions would have postural consequences and was most likely painful.
as a result , the individual's daily physical activities would have been restricted to some extent.
additional nonpathological sh lumbo-pelvic remains are consistent with previous hypotheses , suggesting a less-pronounced sagittal spinal curvature in neandertals compared with homo sapiens.
design : two hundred african american and white participants completed a baseline interview and up to six sets of three daily-diary interviews at monthly intervals.
results : participants provided retrospective information on complementary therapy use and information on the use of therapies for specific symptoms experienced across @number@ person days.
retrospective information indicated that most participants used complementary therapies ( e.g. , @percent@ used home remedies in the past year ) .
the use of complementary or other therapies and the number of days the therapies were used varied for specific symptoms.
for example , home remedies were used on @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ person days for which joint pain was reported.
discussion : the daily-diary design provides detailed information for delineating how elders include complementary and other therapies in their health self-management.
masculinity is a social construction that defines itself according to context.
the findings from two complementary studies are presented and discussed.
in the second study , more than @number@ men aged @number@ to @number@ years responded to a postal survey on health behaviors and masculinity.
objectives : the association of alcohol consumption with performance in different cognitive domains has not been well studied.
cognitive variables measured phonemic and semantic fluency , attention , verbal memory , and global cognition.
there were no associations with four other measures of cognitive function.
a measure of global cognition was not associated with alcohol intake at any point over the follow-up.
discussion : results suggest that higher alcohol consumption in midlife may impair some components of executive function in late life.
niche availability provided by stromal cells is critical to thymus function.
thymi with diminished function contain fewer stromal cells , whereas thymi with robust function contain proliferating stromal cell populations.
tbata is expressed in thymic stromal cells and interacts with the enzyme uba3 , thereby inhibiting the nedd8 pathway and cell proliferation.
thymi from aged tbata-deficient mice are larger and contain more dividing tecs than wild-type littermate controls.
these findings suggest that tbata modulates thymus function by regulating stromal cell proliferation via the nedd8 pathway.
in the past , it has been assumed that all the biological and medical changes that occur in old age are deleterious.
it has therefore been concluded that treatment and prevention of such changes in old age should increase healthspan and delay death.
however , accruing epidemiological and clinical trial evidence in older humans suggests that this is not the case.
perhaps , some of these supposedly detrimental changes accompanying old age are in fact evolutionary adaptations to prolong life after reproduction in humans.
indeed , a form of reverse antagonistic pleiotropy or adaptive senectitude might be occurring.
some common biological and medical changes in old age might actually enhance longevity and represent novel targets for improving health in older people.
the recoding and rehearsal processes are mediated by articulatory control process in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ( vlpfc ) .
however , the strategy change may actually be correlated with memory ability as this usually increases with age.
chat enzyme activity levels decreased significantly in the hippocampus of middle-aged 3xtg-ad mice compared to age-matched non-transgenic ( or wild type ) mice.
in contrast , p75 ( ntr ) protein cortical levels were stable but increased in the hippocampus of aged 3xtg-ad mice.
to date , no prospective data are available.
all were free of known cvd and cancer at baseline.
during follow-up , @number@ total incident cvd , @number@ incident mi cases , and @number@ incident ischemic stroke events were identified.
further analysis using a haplotype-based approach showed similar findings.
methods : medline , embase and the cochrane library database were used to identify potential studies.
the studies were classified into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets.
the quantitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were performed.
for prevalence and incidence rates of depression , odds risk ( or ) and relative risk ( rr ) were calculated , respectively.
in this review we included @number@ cross-sectional and four prospective longitudinal studies.
objective : to evaluate psychological and demographic aspects of men who received dre during the pca screening in an outpatient clinical setting.
there was no correlation between age , educational level and emotional reactions.
most patients ( @percent@ ) would undergo a dre again and @percent@ had considered it better than they had imagined.
of these patients , @percent@ were illiterate / incomplete elementary school.
only @percent@ described having a negative experience.
wives booked @time@ % of the consultations.
although @percent@ of patients had some previous knowledge about the examination , @percent@ felt they had further clarification afterward.
fear and shame before the examination are present and are barriers to the dre.
objective : to test the relationship between gonadal status and objective measures and determinants of physical performance in older men and their determinants.
linear models were used to test the relationship between gonadal status and determinants of physical performance.
with increased severity of hypogonadal status , participants were significantly older while their bmi was substantially similar.
we found no association between testosterone group assignment and calf muscle mass and @number@ m walking speed.
conclusions : in older men , gonadal status is independently associated with some determinants ( haemoglobin and muscle strength ) of physical performance.
mean hearing threshold levels ( @number@ to @number@ hz ) for both groups were @number@ db hl or better.
significant main effects for age and reverberation were not found for anl or mcl.
these results can be used by clinical audiologists to counsel patients regarding the use of communication strategies.
additionally , these results can be used to support previous findings that anl is not related to the intelligibility of the speech signal.
background : a single administration of laninamivir octanoate , a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor , against influenza infection has been proven effective in nonclinical studies.
this study evaluated the clinical efficacy of laninamivir octanoate for the treatment of adult influenza patients.
methods : a double-blind , randomized controlled trial examined whether laninamivir octanoate was noninferior to oseltamivir.
laninamivir octanoate was inhaled once on day @number@ and oseltamivir ( @number@ mg ) was administered orally twice daily for @number@ days.
the primary end point was the time to illness alleviation.
the upper limits of the @percent@ confidence intervals were less than the prespecified noninferiority margin ( @number@ h ) .
clinical trials registration : nct00803595.
objective : to describe the age-related changes of the soft tissue facial profile from the second to fourth decades of life.
materials and methods : cephalograms from the same subjects in their 20s , 30s , and 40s were analyzed.
a coordinate system analysis based on stable landmarks is used.
a line connecting walker's point ( w ) and sphenoethmoidal ( se ) created the x-axis.
walker's point was origin.
for each landmark the mean , standard deviation , p value , and lower and higher @percent@ confidence intervals were calculated.
greater changes occurred in the female profile than the male profile.
the whole profile was displaced in the inferior direction.
conclusions : significant changes occurred in the soft tissue facial profile from the second to fourth decades.
the upper facial profile was displaced in the anterior direction and the whole profile was displaced inferiorly for both sexes.
although muscular dystrophies are rare , muscle loss affects millions of people worldwide.
we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in muscular dystrophy and in muscle atrophy and present current strategies aimed at ameliorating these diseases.
in the last year , attention has been focused on translating federally sponsored health research into better health for americans.
a large proportion of topical areas of interest in cer affects the older segment of the population.
this short article briefly describes the research missions of the ahrq , nia , and va.
finally , approaches in which the three agencies support cer involving the aging population are set forth and opportunities for future cer research outlined.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in older adults is a complex disorder with several unique age-related aspects.
an important component of this approach is the use of spirometry for disease staging , a procedure that can be performed in most older adults.
the management of copd includes smoking cessation , influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations , and the use of short-and long-acting bronchodilators.
unlike with asthma , corticosteroid inhalers represent a third-line option for copd.
combination therapy is frequently required.
other important treatment options include pulmonary rehabilitation , oxygen therapy , noninvasive positive airway pressure , and depression and osteopenia screening.
clinicians caring for older adults with an acute copd exacerbation should also guard against prognostic pessimism.
although copd is associated with significant disability , there is a growing range of treatment options to assist patients.
objective : to investigate the effect of chronic ultraviolet ( uv ) exposure on skin barrier function and photoaging process.
methods : one hundred and fifty-six volunteers from hanghzou areas were enrolled in the study.
uv-exposed skin areas ( neck , dorsum of hand or frontier chest ) and uv-unexposed areas ( waist , buttock or abdomen ) were tested.
relative perfusion unit ( pu ) of the skin was detected by laser doppler flowmetry ( ldf ) .
no significant difference of skin perfusion was observed between uv-exposed and uv-unexposed areas.
conclusion : chronic exposure to uv may damage skin barrier function and therefore play a role in skin photoaging process.
some well-characterized mirnas were substantially enriched in wm as expected.
however , most of the mirna expression variability that correlated with the presence of early ad-related pathology was seen in gm.
a few mirnas were differentially expressed in wm , including mir-212 that is downregulated in ad and mir-424 which is upregulated in ad.
background : a grafted donor liver should grow and survive under the different conditions presented by a liver transplantation recipient.
it has remained unclear , however , whether the age of a grafted liver can be modulated by recipient factors.
aims : this study investigated whether a grafted aged donor liver can be rejuvenated in a pediatric recipient.
methods : of @number@ living donor liver transplants , ten pairs were adult-to-pediatric combinations.
senescence marker protein-30 ( smp-30 ) , which is a protein that is remarkably reduced upon aging , was used as a senescence marker.
immunohistochemical staining for smp-30 was performed in biopsy specimen after living donor liver transplantation ( ldlt ) .
re-expression of smp-30 was investigated in a biopsied adult liver ( n = @number@ ) that had been transplanted in a pediatric recipient.
results : a remarkable expression of smp-30 was seen in a control pediatric normal liver in comparison with that in an aged adult donor biopsy.
re-expression or an increase in smp-30 was not observed in the liver of any pediatric recipient who had received an adult liver.
conclusion : an adult grafted liver does not appear to rejuvenate in a pediatric recipient.
aging plays an essential role in cardiac pathophysiology.
knowledge on the ventricular repolarization in very old individuals is limited.
an increase of qt dispersion is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality.
the purpose of this study is to investigate whether aging changes the qt dispersion in the very old.
aging modulates dispersion of ventricular repolarization , which may contribute to the cardiac mortality in the very old asian population.
both doe and vase confirmed that fibrinogen forms a thicker and more packed surface adlayer compared to a more porous and weakly adsorbed albumin adlayer.
we discuss some aspects of tdhc's aging and its possible effects on fibrinogen adsorption.
mouse models have shown that severe alterations of ros metabolism can result in impairments of organ homeostasis and premature organ failure.
studies dysfunction in accelerating aging.
together , it seems that mild increases of ros levels do not significantly influence the natural rate of aging.
there is even some evidence that ros induction is required to mediate positive effects of calorie restriction and physical exercise on organismal fitness and longevity.
purpose : recent research suggests that hearing loss , a frequent problem for aging adults , is more prevalent in people with diabetes.
hearing impairment affects a patient's learning.
conclusions : hearing loss can negatively affect a patient's ability to actively participate in diabetes education.
diabetes educators have a responsibility to learn how to communicate better with their patients who have a hearing impairment.
diabetes educators are uniquely positioned to improve the health status of their patients by identifying persons who need referral for further evaluation of their hearing.
objective : to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of depression in older people.
method : systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials.
results : thirty studies were included.
no statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms was found for physical exercise , skill training , reminiscence , or for multicomponent interventions.
discussion : psychosocial interventions have a small but statistically significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults.
drinking pattern was not significant for other acsc measures.
the polypeptide hormone relaxin has been proven to be effective in promoting both the remodeling and regeneration of various tissues , including cardiac muscle.
in addition , our previous study demonstrated that relaxin is beneficial to skeletal muscle healing by both promoting muscle regeneration and preventing fibrosis formation.
however , the molecular and cellular mechanisms of relaxin in regulating both myogenic cell differentiation and muscle healing process are still unclear.
results showed that relaxin promoted myogenic differentiation , migration , and activation of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) of cultured myoblasts in vitro.
meanwhile , both angiogenesis and revascularization were increased , while the extended inflammatory reaction was repressed in the relaxin-treated injured muscle.
moreover , relaxin similarly promoted muscle healing in mice with aged muscle.
to explore the experience of living alone among older men.
a phenomenological study was conducted , using giorgi's phenomenological method.
participants included @number@ older men , aged @number@ to @number@ who live alone in midcoast maine.
five themes emerged : self-growth , self-determination , structure , balance , and sense of purpose.
further research is needed regarding the relationship between living alone and health outcomes in older men.
individual assessment and treatment are important for older people at high risk of falls and injury.
but falls are common.
the problem cannot be addressed solely on an individual patient , individual clinician basis.
two such programs have been successfully introduced in new zealand : the home-based otago exercise programme and tai chi classes.
the difficulty now is in maintaining the nationwide commitment to these preventive measures.
the association between drugs and falls has been widely studied in the past @number@ decades , with increasingly robust evidence of a causal link.
both specific classes of drugs and the total number of drugs taken are associated with falls.
this review examines some of the reasons why older people are at greater risk of drug-related adverse events such as falls.
poor vision impairs balance and increases the risk of falls and fractures in older people.
multifocal glasses can add to this risk by impairing contrast sensitivity , depth perception , and ability to negotiate obstacles.
vision assessment and provision of new spectacles may not reduce , and may even increase , the risk of falls.
restriction of the use of multifocal glasses may reduce falls in active older people.
other effective fall prevention strategies include maximizing vision through cataract surgery and occupational therapy interventions in visually impaired older people.
cardiovascular disorders are a common cause of falls and syncope in older adults.
it is important to recognize these conditions , because they may be associated with an increased mortality.
most are easily treatable.
this difference was not observed in the adults or 10- to 11-year-old children.
humans have unique abilities in using tools.
a common example is the transformation of a hand movement in the motion of a cursor on a computer monitor.
however , the adjustments can also be explicit and intentional.
we review a series of experiments which show that implicit and explicit adjustments to a novel visuo-motor gain are additive.
this finding suggests that the processes which generate different types of adjustment are functionally independent.
the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of the tregs in immunosenescence.
results : it was founded that the frequency , phenotypic characteristics , and number / function of tregs were altered significantly with aging.
these changes were observed both in humans and experimental animals.
conclusions : treg cells are associated with immunosenescence.
metallothionein ( mt ) is a low molecular weight protein with anti-apoptotic properties that has been demonstrated to scavenge free radicals in vitro.
mt has not been extensively investigated within the context of aging biology.
mt is one of just a handful of proteins that , when overexpressed , has been demonstrated to increase mouse lifespan.
mt also protects against development of obesity in mice provided a high fat diet as well as diet-induced oxidative stress damage.
the dysregulation of mt in these systems is likely to have tissue-specific effects on aging outcomes.
decreased immune responsiveness associated with aging is generally termed \ "immunosenescence \ ".
several theories have been proposed to explain age-related declines in immune responses.
the role of membrane rafts in t cell signaling and t cell aging will be described.
an analysis of the centre of pressure ( cop ) displacement during standing position was therefore performed for the three groups of subjects.
the obtained signal of cop was then analyzed in both time and frequency domains in order to perform a thorough analysis of the signal.
even if less pronounced also for the other parameters computed these differences emerged.
brain tissue changes accompany multiple neurodegenerative and developmental conditions in adolescents.
complex processes that occur in the developing brain with disease can be evaluated accurately only against normal aging processes.
normal developmental changes in different brain areas alter tissue water content , which can be assessed by magnetic resonance ( mr ) t2 relaxometry.
voxel-by-voxel t2-relaxation values were calculated , and whole-brain t2-relaxation maps constructed and normalized to a common space template.
several brain regions , but not all , showed principally positive correlations between r2 values and age ; negative correlations emerged in the cerebellar peduncles.
background : pachydermoperiostosis ( pdp ) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by digital clubbing , periostosis , and pachydermia.
pachydermia results in leonine facies , a major cause of cosmetic and functional morbidity in these patients.
its treatment is usually surgical.
so far , no medical treatment has been suggested to alleviate this morbidity.
methods : three patients with pdp were treated with btx-a for their leonine facies.
a total of @number@ to @number@ u were used to treat the upper third of the face.
photographs were taken at baseline and at @number@ and @number@ weeks after the injections.
the patients were followed up periodically for at least @number@ months.
wrinkle severity was assessed at relaxation using the 4-point facial wrinkle scale at baseline , week @number@ and month @number@
all patients demonstrated a residual effect @number@ months after the treatment.
one patient exhibited a mild exacerbation of his ptosis.
conclusion : btx-a is a simple procedure that may be of value in temporarily improving the cosmetic appearance of pachydermia in patients with pdp.
abnormal patterns of calcium release and sequestration detected at fertilization in the human appear to have coincident effects on levels of mitochondrial atp generation.
these aberrations are not uncommon in oocytes obtained after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization.
prolonged increase of intracellular calcium concentration is considered to be a significant trigger for neuronal apoptosis and cellular loss in jncl.
methods : we examined the potential effect of @number@ different calcium channel modulators on intracellular calcium concentration in cln3 sirna knock down sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells.
conclusions : our studies provide important new data suggesting possible beneficial effects of the tested drugs on calcium flux regulated pathways in neuronal cell death.
deficient control of irrelevant information with greater age can be demonstrated in paradigms like inhibition of return ( ior ) .
we investigated this putative deficit by means of event-related potentials ( erps ) .
as expected , ior developed later in older subjects.
instead , the older subjects showed a p3b , reflecting controlled processing of information.
thus , older adults process irrelevant stimuli more like relevant ones , thereby overloading their information processing system.
detectability of both molecules up to 72h post-mortem was also assessed in rat brain.
the results obtained suggest that bdnf operates in the development , maturation , maintenance and plasticity of human brainstem precerebellar neuronal systems.
they also imply a multiple origin for the bdnf-li of the human cerebellum.
experimental studies show nkrs on aged αβt cells may function either as independent receptors , and / or as costimulatory receptors to the tcr.
understanding the biology of nkr ( + ) αβt cells could lead to new avenues for age-specific intervention to improve protective immunity.
the link between brain structure and intelligence is a well-investigated topic , but existing analyses have mainly focused on adult samples.
our large and well-matched sample included @number@ normally developing subjects ( @number@ males , @number@ females ) ranging from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
although the strongest correlations were negative and confined to the splenium , the strength and the direction of intelligence-callosal thickness associations varied considerably.
while significant correlations in females were mainly positive , significant correlations in males were exclusively negative.
however , only the negative correlations in the overall sample ( i.e. , males and females combined ) remained significant when controlling for multiple comparisons.
the observed negative correlations between callosal thickness and intelligence in children and adolescents contrast with the positive correlations typically reported in adult samples.
altogether , these findings suggest that relationships between callosal morphology and cognition are highly dynamic during brain maturation.
sex effects on links between callosal thickness and intelligence during childhood and adolescence are present but appear rather weak in general.
diffusion tensor imaging has been widely used to study brain diseases , disorders , development , and aging.
however , few studies have explored the effects of aging on diffusion imaging measures with higher b values.
further , the water diffusion in biological tissues appears biexponential , although this also has not been explored with aging.
the hydi diffusion-encoding scheme consisted of five concentric q-space shells with b values ranging from @number@ to @number@ s / mm ( @number@ ) .
age-related declines in central processing may delay the facilitation of corticospinal ( cs ) tracts that underlie emergence of voluntary responses to external stimuli.
both effects were not seen in young adults.
it has been shown that one of the main actions resulting from no modulation is sirtuin regulation , especially sirt-1 regulation.
our hypothesis suggests the importance of investigating compounds that are routine dietary components and do not necessarily contain rsv.
their nephroprotective activity could involve not only enos-dependent , but also no-dependent but enos-independent mechanisms , or other molecular alternative signaling systems.
objective : to summarize the current knowledge about the association between paternal age and assisted reproductive technology ( art ) outcomes.
design : systematic review of the literature.
paternal age was not found to affect embryo quality at the cleavage stage ( days 2-3 ) .
however , a significant decrease in blastocyst embryo formation was associated with increased paternal age , probably reflecting male genomic activation within the embryo.
except for volume , characteristics of semen such as motility , concentration , and morphology did not decrease with age.
conclusion ( s ) : there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate an unfavorable effect of paternal age on art outcomes.
further study with well-defined entry criteria and uniform reporting of outcomes is needed to investigate the subject.
the present study is the first comprehensive examination of the long-term effects of adf on general cardiovascular fitness in rats.
the 6-month-long adf diet resulted in a @percent@ reduction ( p < @number@ ) of cardiomyocyte diameter and 3-fold increase in interstitial myocardial fibrosis.
conclusion : chronic adf in rats results in development of diastolic dysfunction with diminished cardiac reserve.
adf is a novel and unique experimental model of diet-induced diastolic dysfunction.
the deleterious effect of adf in rats suggests that additional studies of adf effects on cardiovascular functions in humans are warranted.
aaa is commonly asymptomatic , and in the absence of routine screening , diagnosis is usually incidental when imaging to assess unrelated medical complaints.
there is currently significant interest in identifying molecular markers of diagnostic and prognostic value for aaa.
here we outline the current guidelines for aaa management and discuss modern scientific techniques currently employed to identify improved diagnostic and prognostic markers.
other challenges of the decision-making process are manageable.
this commentary offers a set of approaches which may lead to progress in this field.
medicine needs to continue to enhance the existential maturity of our profession , our patients and the cultures in which we practice.
specific interventions , such as dignity therapy and advance care planning , may aid this state of mind.
background : three dimensional ( 3d ) skin rejuvenation is proposed to be effective for all skin layers.
methods : the 3d procedure was carried out over the course of five sessions with @number@ day intervals between sessions.
results were ranked into five categories ranging from @number@ to @number@
results : all of our patients showed improvement , with an overall patient satisfaction score of @number@
female patients were more satisfied than male patients.
patient and doctor satisfaction scores were generally correlated.
conclusions : our clinical results indicate that the 3d procedure is an effective nonsurgical skin rejuvenation method.
alzheimer's disease is associated with a substantial economic impact on patients , their caregivers and society.
due to the current rise in the aging population , the prevalence and impact of alzheimer's disease are expected to increase greatly.
the cost of caring for someone with alzheimer's disease is magnified in the more severe stages of the disease.
this study examines the changes in activity investment among older adults and the role of these changes in the relationship between health limitations and depression.
respondents indicated more disengagement from caii-r subscales active instrumental ( ai ) and active social ( as ) and increased engagement in passive social spiritual.
fourth age adults ( age 80 + ) reported greater reductions in ai than third age adults ( age 64-79 ) .
reduced as investment had the strongest association with depression and mediated the relationship between poor health or functioning and depression.
a new technique in aesthetic plastic surgery termed \ "myoablation \ " is described.
thermal energy is applied via the percutaneous route for ablation of selected facial muscles to modify the facial dynamics.
myoablation was found to be useful in ameliorating noticeable frown wrinkles caused by muscular hyperactivity.
a series of @number@ patients underwent myoablation as the sole procedure with encouraging results.
in @percent@ of the cases , good to excellent aesthetic results were achieved.
this report presents the electrophysiologic bases , technique , animal experiments , and initial clinical experience of myoablation.
orange autofluorescence from lipofuscin in the lysosomes of the retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) is a hallmark of aging in the eye.
to date , absorption spectroscopy has been the primary method to identify and quantitate a2e.
this study suggests that identification and quantitation of a2e from tissue extracts by chromatographic absorption spectroscopy overestimates the amount of a2e.
to update previous u.s. estimates of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and aaal , cdc analyzed national health interview survey ( nhis ) data from @number@ @number@
among persons who are obese , an age-adjusted @percent@ of women and @percent@ of men reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis.
during usual daily activities , an appropriate protection against solar uv exposure should prevent clinical , cellular and molecular changes potentially leading to photoaging.
in skin areas regularly exposed to sun , uv-damage is superimposed to tissue degeneration resulting from chronological aging.
this review will summarize clinical studies evaluating this topic.
skin resurfacing and rejuvenation techniques have experienced significant advances in the last few decades , and new devices are continuously being introduced into the marketplace.
many of the newer technologies , such as devices that integrate a fractional delivery system , provide excellent results with few adverse side effects.
however , proper perioperative management is essential to achieving the desired effects.
furthermore , practitioners must be fluent with the operation and expected complications of these new technologies.
while there are many overlapping treatment indications for each of the devices mentioned above , some modalities offer distinct advantages making proper patient selection essential.
in certain cases , utilizing various combinations of mechanical , optic , acoustic , and electrical energies may be necessary to achieve the desired outcomes.
this review discusses the application of new and existing skin rejuvenation techniques to clinical practice.
a particular emphasis is placed on the use of fractional , radiofrequency , microdermabrasion , laser-assisted lipolysis , and ultrasound devices.
purpose of review : epidemiological data show a continuous expansion of elderly population , associated with an increased demand for surgical treatments by older patients.
geriatric anaesthesia is emerging as a new subspecialty.
outpatient anaesthesia for elderly patients requires greater specific knowledge and skills.
given the high economic and social pressure , anaesthetists will be requested to treat an increasing number of elderly as outpatients.
recent findings : functional status as a criterion for preoperative assessment of older patients has been introduced in the last years.
in comparison to inpatient , outpatient setting seems to reduce the risk of postoperative cognitive disorders after surgery.
drug-eluting stents , which require a double antiaggregative therapy for @number@ months after positioning , formally exclude patients from day surgery for that period.
effective postoperative pain treatment after geriatric day surgery requires careful pain assessment and drug titration.
in the future , the development of telematic communication systems will extend indications.
methods : ten community- dwelling older women ( 73-83 yrs ) had fdg pet and vo2 measured while walking at a comfortable speed.
an alternative approach is to use first a screening tool to detect high-risk patients and then perform cga in these patients only.
this systematic review focuses on the use and value of cga in ed for evaluation of older patients and its influence on adverse outcomes.
this approach is compared with an alternative one using existing screening tools , validated in ed , to detect high-risk patients needing subsequent cga.
this review ends by suggesting a short assessment of cga to be used in ed and ways to improve home discharge management from ed.
results : we selected @number@ studies on cga efficiency and @number@ on screening tools.
cga in ed is efficient for decreasing functional decline , ed readmission and possibly nursing home admission in high-risk patients.
endocrine modifications may accompany the progression of nd , due to the intimate connections between central nervous and endocrine systems.
reported data on endocrine changes in different nd have often been non-conclusive or conflicting.
gh / igf-i axis is involved in the regulation of brain growth , development , and metabolism.
dysfunctions in gh / igf-i axis in most of nd are therefore reviewed.
a thorough effort in investigating every possible involvement of gh / igf-i axis is warranted , in the light of future possible therapeutic strategies.
we explored whether olfactory identification is related to in vivo measures of aβ burden using pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) pet.
nineteen control , @number@ amci , and @number@ ad participants completed an olfactory identification task and underwent pib pet scanning.
control participants performed better on olfactory identification and showed lower pib binding than amci patients.
there was a significant correlation between both factors when pooling all groups together but not when considering each group separately.
in addition , the olfactory identification score did not differ between amci participants who were pib-positive and those who were pib-negative.
we conclude that ad-related olfactory identification deficits are not directly related to aβ burden.
while neuropsychological tests have been identified for the early prediction of alzheimer's disease , this has not been established for prediction of all-cause dementia.
we wanted to determine whether neuropsychological tests could accurately predict incident dementia within @number@ and five years of diagnosis in a community-based sample.
the canadian study of health and aging was conducted in three waves over a 10-year period ( 1991-2002 ) .
we also studied @number@ non-demented participants who completed neuropsychological testing in @number@ and received a diagnostic assessment in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
diagnosticians were blinded to performance on the predictive tests.
age , education , and sex were included as covariates in all regression analysis.
regression models were supported with bootstrapping estimates.
neuropsychological tests can accurately predict progression to all-cause dementia within @number@ years of diagnosis in a large community-based sample of non-demented participants.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , a chronic and progressive deterioration of memory and other cognitive domains , is the most common form of dementia.
therefore , risk factors and pathomechanisms of chronic neurodegenerative disorders , including ad , and persistent cognitive dysfunction may overlap.
prpc was reduced by @percent@ ( p = 0.032 ) in the hippocampus in sporadic ad as compared to the age-matched controls.
no such reduction in prpc was seen in familial ad.
prpc was reduced in the hippocampus with aging ( rs = 0.03 ) .
long-term physical activity may affect risk of cognitive impairment but few studies have examined later life cognition in relation to intensity of life-long physical activity.
information was collected about their participation in strenuous and moderate activities between high school and menopause.
summary measures of long-term strenuous and moderate activity were constructed for each participant.
all analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates.
these results support further investigation of the effects of life-long exercise intensity on cognition in later life.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and healthy aging have been shown to be associated with mild parkinsonian signs ( mps ) .
mci subjects ( n = 111 ) were re-evaluated in phase @number@ for conversion to ad at least one year after initial assessment.
presence of mps did not predict conversion to ad after adjustment for age and time-interval.
these results suggest that axial and bradykinetic parkinsonian signs represent risk factors for mci but mps may not predict conversion from mci to ad.
studies in neuronal cells subjected to oxidative stress , mimicking such stress in ad brains , are therefore of great interest.
blood-based markers reflecting core pathological features of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) in pre-symptomatic individuals are likely to accelerate the development of disease-modifying treatments.
our aim was to discover plasma proteins associated with brain amyloid-β ( aβ ) burden in non-demented older individuals.
confirmatory studies used elisa assays in a separate set of blood samples obtained within a year of the pet scans.
we observed that a panel of @number@ 2dge plasma protein spots effectively discriminated between individuals with high and low brain aβ.
in validation-phase studies , we observed a strong association between plasma apoe concentration and aβ burden in the medial temporal lobe.
targeted voxel-based analysis localized this association to the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
apoe ε4 carriers also showed greater aβ levels in several brain regions relative to ε4 non-carriers.
mammalian wound healing involves the rapid synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix ( ecm ) to maintain tissue integrity during repair.
this process must be tightly controlled , as its deregulation may result in fibrosis , scarring , and loss of tissue function.
researchers over the years have clearly demonstrated the shortcomings of traditional restorative treatment and the cycle of repeat interventional care.
early stages of oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease are vigorous , preventable , and reversible.
prostatic development is a dynamic process in which basic mechanisms of epithelial outgrowth and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction are initiated by androgens and androgen receptor signaling.
unraveling the etiology of these pathologic processes is a complex and important goal.
these molecules and pathways are critical for prostate development with both known and postulated roles in prostatic pathology.
we studied aging effects on the time course of implicit skill consolidation.
methods : young and elderly adults performed a probabilistic implicit sequence-learning task before and after a 12- , a 24-hr , and a 1-week interval.
results : we found improvement of general skill for the young adults in all delay conditions.
the elderly adults also showed enhancement after the 12-hr period , revealing brain plasticity similar to young adults.
this improvement disappeared in the 24-hr and the 1-week delay conditions.
regarding ssl , no improvement was found in either age group and at either consolidation intervals.
in contrast , sequences-specific knowledge decreased in the elderly group independently of the delay.
ageing , senescence and ultimately death , result from the exhaustion of these mechanisms maintaining cellular functions.
one of the major sources of vascular endothelial damage is oxidative stress.
we propose that in agreement with the concept of hormesis , a moderate exposure during endothelial maturation to mild physiological oxidative stressors determines -vascular longevity.
physical health problems become more common as people age and are associated with a great deal of disability.
analyses were conducted with and without adjustment for sex , marital status , education , english-language proficiency , nativity , and insurance status.
disparities between blacks and non-hispanic whites and disparities across all racial and ethnic minorities in self-rated health still existed.
data were drawn from the @number@ california health interview survey ( chis ) .
background characteristics and physical and mental health conditions were compared , with results showing differences cross the five subcategories of older asian americans.
specific patterns were identified in chronic diseases , disease comorbidity , and disability rates.
vietnamese and filipinos tended to have poorer physical health than chinese , japanese , and koreans.
the poorest self-rated health and the highest disability rate were found in the older vietnamese.
filipinos also exhibited the greatest number of chronic diseases , including the highest rates of asthma , high blood pressure , and heart disease.
although koreans had the fewest self-reported chronic diseases and the least evidence of disease comorbidity , they also had the highest psychological distress.
the lowest psychological distress was found in older japanese.
being aware of these differences in background and health characteristics may help providers to better serve older asian clients.
objectives : to evaluate a faith-based intervention ( sisters in motion ) intended to increase walking in older , sedentary african-american women.
design : randomized controlled trial using within-church randomization.
setting : three los angeles churches.
intervention : intervention participants received a multicomponent curriculum including scripture readings , prayer , goal-setting , a community resource guide , and walking competitions.
intervention and control participants both participated in physical activity sessions.
measurements : the primary outcome was change in weekly steps walked as measured using the pedometer.
secondary outcomes included change in systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) .
outcomes were assessed at baseline and @number@ months after the intervention.
results : eighty-five percent of participants attended at least six of eight sessions.
intervention participants averaged @number@ steps per week at baseline , compared with @number@ steps in controls.
mean baseline sbp was @number@ mmhg for intervention participants and @number@ mmhg for controls ( p = .10 ) .
conclusion : the sisters in motion intervention led to an increase in walking and a decrease in sbp at @number@ months.
objectives : to describe differences in morbidity and functional status according to living area.
design : community-based survey.
setting : a community-based prospective cohort , the kungsholmen-nordanstig project.
measurements : physicians clinically examined all participants using the same standardized protocols in both living areas ; trained nurses directly assessed disability.
conclusion : differences were found in disability , morbidity , and disease patterns according to living area.
the rural elderly population was more disabled and had more diseases than the urban elderly population , despite being slightly younger than the urban cohort.
there were significant area differences in the par of how specific chronic conditions influenced the risk of disability.
organophosphorus pesticide poisoning causes tens of thousands of deaths each year across the world.
standard treatment for acute poisoning involves administration of intravenous atropine , oxime 2-pam to counter ache inhibition and diazepam for cns protection.
however clinical trials showed ineffectiveness of the standard therapy regimen.
for ims which is non-responsive to standard therapy , supportive therapy specifically artificial respiration followed by recovery is indicated.
for opidn which has a different target ( nte ) than ache , standard therapy is ineffective.
however neuroprotective drugs such as corticosteroids proved partially effective.
pretreatment with protease inhibitor pmsf has been shown to protect the aging of nte and prevent the development of delayed symptoms in hens.
since the biology of nte is being explored , new pharmacological agents should be developed in future.
op pesticide poisoning is a serious condition that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment.
role of developmental exposure to environmental agents in altering the disease process is well known.
in some cases the response to low level environmental insults may not be obvious until adult or old age.
results from several studies have shown such latency in response to the nervous system leading to neurodegeneration in old age.
rage represents an important factor in innate immunity against pathogens , but it also interacts with endogenous ligands , resulting in chronic inflammation.
rage signaling has been implicated in multiple human illnesses , including diabetes , atherosclerosis , arthritis , alzheimer's disease , atherosclerosis and aging associated diseases.
more recent work has revealed the role of rage in inflammatory cell recruitment and extravasation of leukocytes across the endothelial barrier with further inflammatory events.
recent therapeutic strategies show that rage is an important target to treat rage activation-associated diseases.
while this was a plausible model then , new data over the intervening years suggest a need to modify these concepts.
by contrast , these same studies also demonstrate that trabecular bone loss begins in sex hormone-replete young adults of both sexes.
in this perspective , we critically review these and other findings , leading us to conclude that our original model requires modification but not revision.
we also handsearched systematic reviews , references , and clinical-practice guidelines.
selection criteria : randomized trials in the english language with placebo and / or active arms with a duration of at least @number@ months.
data collection and analysis : jt extracted the data , which included patient characteristics , outcomes , and harms.
our primary outcome was change in a validated , urinary symptom-scale score , such as the aua / ipss.
a clinically meaningful change was defined as @number@ points.
we also categorized outcomes by trial lengths of ≤ @number@ year ( short term ) and > @number@ year ( long term ) .
in comparison to alpha-blocker monotherapy , finasteride was less effective than either doxazosin or terazosin , but equally effective compared to tamsulosin.
both doxazosin and terazosin were significantly more likely than finasteride to improve peak urine flow and nocturia , versus finasteride.
versus tamsulosin , peak urine flow and qol improved equally well versus finasteride.
two small trials reported no difference in urinary symptom scores between finasteride and tamsulosin.
authors ' conclusions : finasteride improves long-term urinary symptoms versus placebo , but is less effective than doxazosin.
long-term combination therapy with alpha blockers ( doxazosin , terazosin ) improves symptoms significantly better than finasteride monotherapy.
finasteride + doxazosin improves symptoms equally - and clinically - to doxazosin alone.
doxazosin improves symptoms better than finasteride both short and long term , with the magnitude of differences ∼2.0 points and @number@ point , respectively.
finasteride + doxazosin improves scores versus finasteride alone at both short and long term , with mean differences ∼2.0 points for both time points.
finasteride significantly reduces asthenia , postural hypotension , and dizziness versus terazosin.
finasteride significantly lowers the risk of asthenia , dizziness , ejaculation disorder , and postural hypotension , versus finasteride + terazosin.
of the vep / erp latencies showed a correlation to the triplet repeats of the sca2 gene.
the same light that allows vision to occur is nevertheless also potentially toxic to retinal cells in certain situations.
the shorter wavelengths of light are known to interact with chromophores in photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells to cause oxidative stress and severe damage.
indeed it is generally accepted that short wavelength light effects is one cause for loss of photoreceptor function in age-related macular degeneration.
recent studies have demonstrated that light may be a contributing factor for the death of retinal ganglion cells in certain situations.
light as impinging on the retina , especially the short wavelength form , affect mitochondrial chromophores and can result in neurone death.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the main cause of dementia in our increasingly aging population.
the debilitating cognitive and behavioral symptoms characteristic of ad make it an extremely distressing illness for patients and carers.
although drugs have been developed to treat ad symptoms and to slow disease progression , there is currently no cure.
oxidative stress is also implicated in ad pathology from an early stage.
we also show that protection from oxidative stress is increased upon eif4a inhibition.
background : human brain aging has received special attention in part because of the elevated risks of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease in seniors.
in addition , accelerated expression profiles associated with ad and ftld suggest some common mechanisms underlying the risk of developing these diseases.
sociodemographics and other health-related information were collected during the exam.
joint associations of smoking and alcohol consumption or bmi with elevated or log-transformed γ-gt were examined by tabulation and multiple adjusted regression models.
this novel interaction was replicable in an independent cohort.
rhtn patients were identified as controlled ( crh , n = 43 ) or uncontrolled ( ucrh , n = 47 ) .
no statistical differences were observed between the crh and ucrh subgroups with respect to age and gender.
the body mass index , aldosterone-renin ratio and pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) were significantly higher in ucrh patients.
although both subgroups showed increased cardiac mass , left ventricular mass index was significantly higher in ucrh compared with crh patients.
these findings suggest important possibilities in terms of preventing and better treating rhtn.
the effect of the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) on this yearly change has never been explored.
sbp and pp increased with age to a higher degree in patients with the mets.
in men and women with the mets , dbp remained nearly constant , but in those without the mets , dbp increased.
after adjusting for baseline values , δsbp and δpp increased by @number@ mm hg per year for every additional @number@ years from baseline.
these correlations with age were similar for men and women , and the yearly change was always higher than in those with the mets.
in contrast , δdbp increased very slowly until @number@ years of age and then decreased similarly for those with and without the mets.
reciprocity of inflammation , oxidative stress and neovascularization is emerging as an important mechanism underlying numerous processes from tissue healing and remodelling to cancer progression.
whereas the mechanism of hypoxia-driven angiogenesis is well understood , the link between inflammation-induced oxidation and de novo blood vessel growth remains obscure.
cep promoted angiogenesis in hindlimb ischaemia and wound healing models through myd88-dependent tlr2 signalling.
neutralization of endogenous carboxyalkylpyrroles impaired wound healing and tissue revascularization and diminished tumour angiogenesis.
both tlr2 and myd88 are required for cep-induced stimulation of rac1 and endothelial migration.
this article uses widow ( er ) hood statistics and census data from the office for national statistics longitudinal study.
in this study we have localized collagen xvii specifically to neuronal lipofuscin granules using electron microscopy in autopsy samples from the human brainstem.
our results show that collagen xvii expression is mainly confined to an ultrastructurally definable , specific type of lipofuscin granule.
the function of neuronal collagen xvii remains unclear.
background / aims : the mechanisms that regulate the size-related morphologies of various blood vessels from the aorta to capillary vessels are still poorly understood.
we found that rcan1 was significantly upregulated in large vessels with low branching frequencies when compared with small vessels with high branching frequencies.
next , to clarify whether rcan1 regulates the branching of blood vessels in vivo , we injected rcan1 mrna into fertilized xenopus laevis eggs.
overexpression of rcan1 decreased the number of branching points that sprouted from intersomitic vessels during x. laevis angiogenesis.
in addition , coexpression of calcineurin a , a target of rcan1 , could rescue rcan1-suppressed vascular branching.
conclusions : these results provide in vivo evidence of rcan1-regulated vascular branching which may play a role in the patterning of morphologically different vasculature.
we have recently demonstrated that tetrahydrobiopterin ( bh ( @number@ ) ) augments reflex vasoconstriction ( vc ) in aged skin.
although this appears to occur through its role in norepinephrine ( ne ) biosynthesis , the extent with which vascular mechanisms are affected are unknown.
we hypothesized that localized bh ( @number@ ) supplementation would not affect the vc response to exogenous ne when sympathetic nerves were blocked.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a significant and growing health problem in the aging population.
ps mutations lead to familial ad , and although tau is not mutated in ad , tau pathology is a hallmark of the disease.
axonal transport deficits are a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders and may represent a point of intersection of ps and tau function.
these deficits were associated with reduced neurotrophin signaling , defective learning and memory and impaired synaptic plasticity.
the combination of these effects accelerated neurodegeneration in ps cdko ; wttau mice.
our aim was to test whether this regional cortical maturation is reflected in regional changes of sleep swa.
as in adults , we observed frequency-specific topographical distributions of sleep eeg power in all subjects.
however , from early childhood to late adolescence , the location on the scalp showing maximal swa underwent a shift from posterior to anterior regions.
this shift along the posteroanterior axis was only present in the swa frequency range and remained stable across the night.
thus , swa might reflect the underlying processes of cortical maturation.
in the future , sleep swa assessments may be used as a clinical tool to detect aberrations in cortical maturation.
aging is a natural process that involves a general decline in many physiological functions , resulting in loss of function and eventually death.
extensive research is being performed in order to elucidate the biology of aging , especially with the advent of newer molecular and genetic methodologies.
the endocrine system plays a major role in orchestrating cellular interactions , metabolism , growth , and senescence.
thus , researchers traditionally used hormones as tools to induce and examine specific biological effects that are associated with aging.
furthermore , because our recent knowledge on hormonal action expanded significantly , downstream pathways and genetic determinants currently prevail in aging research.
data were collected of patient backgrounds , adverse events and dose intensity within the first two cycles and overall survival time.
results : of the @number@ who met the inclusion criteria , @number@ were elderly who were introduced to full dose chemotherapy.
similar dose intensities were delivered to the elderly and younger.
also , similar proportions of elderly and younger received dose reductions.
there was no difference in overall survival between the elderly and the younger.
conclusion : no clear difference in treatment outcomes was seen between the elderly and the younger patients who received gemcitabine alone.
gemcitabine chemotherapy appears to be safe and the same treatment effect was seen even in older patients with pancreatic or biliary tract cancer.
studies of head size and brain volume in autism spectrum disorders have suggested that early cortical overgrowth may be followed by prematurely arrested growth.
however , the few investigations quantifying cortical thickness have yielded inconsistent results , probably due to variable ages and / or small sample sizes.
these findings remained largely unchanged after controlling for intelligence quotient and after accounting for psychotropic medication usage and comorbid psychopathology.
follow-up within group comparisons revealed significant age-related thinning in the autism spectrum disorders group but not in the typically developing group.
a retrospective clinical study was carried out.
methods : a total of @number@ patients aged > 80 years , referred with suspected peripheral arterial disease , were categorized into octogenarians and nonagenarians.
data regarding cardiovascular risk factors , comorbidities , type of treatment , and possible procedure-related complications were collected from patients ' files.
the cohort was followed up for total mortality until @date@ , by means of record linkage with the national causes of death register.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients were treated surgically , whereas @number@ ( @percent@ ) underwent an endovascular procedure.
conservative treatment was chosen significantly more often for nonagenarians ( p = @number@ ) .
the survival for nonagenarian men with cli was @number@ months and for women @number@ regardless of the treatment modality.
conclusions : octo- and nonagenarians seem to tolerate arterial reconstruction relatively well.
endovascular interventions should be favored over surgical procedures as they are associated with fewer complications.
at the same time , the life expectancy of nonagenarians with cli is limited to approximately @number@ years , irrespective of the method of treatment.
chronic pain is more common in the elderly and impairs functioning and quality of life.
participants were @number@ individuals aged > 70 in the einstein aging study.
chronic pain and pain over the last @number@ months were defined using the total pain index ( tpi ) .
insulin resistance was modeled as fasting insulin , homa and quicki.
high sensitivity c-reactive protein was used as a marker of inflammation.
cross-sectional logistic regression models were constructed to assess the associations of these factors with prevalent pain , adjusted for other known pain correlates.
prevalence of chronic pain was @percent@.
of the clinical components of metabolic syndrome , central obesity was significantly associated with pain ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.36-3.01 ) .
objectives : spinal meningiomas mainly occur in old patients , with a remarkable female prevalence.
this study investigates the different features between younger and older patients in an adult population ( > 18 years ) .
@number@ patients had a spinal meningioma and neurofibromatosis.
no significant differences of histological type and ki-67 li were found.
group i had @number@ cases of atypical meningiomas ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , ns ) .
recurrences occurred in @percent@ of group i and @percent@ of group ii , with no significance.
right brain damaged patients with left spatial neglect typically bisect long horizontal lines to the right of their midpoint.
participants showing strong illusory effects in the bisection of long gradients showed analogous effects in the bisection of very short ones.
these findings do not support the space anisometry interpretation of line bisection performance and the cross-over effect in patients with neglect.
telomeres are specialized dna structures , protecting the ends of linear chromosomes.
on the other hand , the association between telomere length and mortality is poor.
nevertheless , it has been suggested that telomeres may play a role in the development of many aging-related diseases.
this has led to attempts to develop telomere-elongating treatment.
telomeres are specialized dna structures localized at the end of linear chromosomes.
telomeres are known as the biological clock of the cell , since they shorten with each cell division.
telomerase can elongate telomeres.
telomeres protect chromosome ends against being recognized as double stranded dna breaks , and are thought to be a guard against cancer.
it has furthermore been suggested that telomeres may play a role in aging and age-related diseases.
methods : life-p participants , aged 70-89 years , were at elevated risk of disability.
the @number@ participants were enrolled at the cooper institute , stanford university , university of pittsburgh , and wake forest university.
physical activity and successful aging health education interventions were compared after 12-months of follow-up.
using factor analysis , we determined whether the lldi's factor structure was comparable with that reported previously.
we further examined how each item related to measured disability using item response theory ( irt ) .
results : the factor structure for the limitation domain within the lldi in the life-p study did not corroborate previous findings.
however , the factor structure using the abbreviated version was supported.
social and personal role factors were identified.
in addition , the personal subscale would benefit from additional research using irt.
this paper explores the role of the nurse in empowering older people at all stages in the disaster cycle.
evidence points to the need to increase the level of consultation and inclusivity of older people on this topic.
practical advice on how nurses can best assist older people is presented.
due to an ageing population across the world , older people now constitute a significant proportion of those at risk from disasters.
findings indicate that both groups had similar issues albeit that they were looking at different phases of the disaster cycle and from different cultural perspectives.
older people sit at the centre of a unique constellation of factors that combine to increase their vulnerability to the negative effects of catastrophic events.
the aim of this paper is to explore some of the factors that underlie this vulnerability.
the aim is not , however , to provide a comprehensive systematic review of existing research evidence regarding the older person and disasters.
this is due in part to the paucity of studies that take as their primary focus the older population and disasters.
whilst poverty , chronic illness and psychological issues are discussed in this paper as separate issues , they are interconnected.
a map of the synergies between factors is presented that places the older person at the centre of a network of vulnerabilities.
recommendations for strategic planning and clinical practice are made that address this complex problem.
the hope is that with insightful preparation the older population can be spared then worse consequences of a disaster when it strikes.
background : communication skills are recognized as tools for establishing relationships and accomplishing care related tasks.
a small but growing research literature exists within gerontology around geriatric nurse aide / resident communication.
the present study was intended to contribute to this literature.
design : this study used an exploratory qualitative design involving personal interviews with geriatric nurse aides.
methods : interviewers carried out 90-minute interviews with @number@ nurse aides who worked at an assisted living facility or a nursing home.
background : in hospitalized older patients , falls are likely to occur during night toileting needs.
standing sequences a and b are defined as supine-to-standing and , respectively.
both standing pattern b and clear visual input decreased maximal moved distance in younger adults and older patients.
a greater maximal moved distance score indicated a greater fall risk.
in addition , it is advisable to confirm the placement of distinct visual markers on the way to the bathroom.
background : nursing home residents often have pain as their everyday experiences and experience pain in silence.
design : the present study applied a descriptive design.
fifteen residents from nursing homes were recruited among the participants in a larger quantitative study who reported having pain.
methods : a qualitative method using in-depth interviews was used.
the data were analysed applying kvale's method of interpretive analysis.
results : two dimensions of pain were identified : physical pain and pain as suffering.
these are described in relation to factors that influence the intensity and the consequences of pain experiences.
conclusions : physical pain may be relieved by various means of pain management.
background : loneliness among community-dwelling older people is a common problem , with serious health consequences.
objectives : the favourable processes and mediating factors of a psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention in alleviating older people's loneliness were evaluated.
design : altogether , @number@ lonely , home-dwelling individuals ( aged ≥75 years ) participated in a psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention.
methods : the psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention was evaluated from the group leaders ' diaries and by observing the groups.
experiences of loneliness and social participation were collected by postintervention questionnaires from the participants.
data were analysed using methodological triangulation.
the intervention socially activated the participants , and their feelings of loneliness had been alleviated during the intervention.
no studies as yet have focused on whether residents are influenced by staff use of guidelines derived from the theory of gerotranscendence.
design : the study was explorative in nature and used a qualitative approach.
methods : data were collected through interviews with residents and participant observations ; qualitative content analysis was performed.
sample size : six residents.
results : the study shows that many residents reviewed and thought about their lives , and that this aspect changed during the study period.
some residents ' descriptions of their situation revealed that certain changes in social life on the ward had occurred.
these changes could be an effect of the intervention.
aim : to outline the importance of understanding quality of life ( qol ) in people with dementia living in long-term care.
to consider several key research questions and some of the challenges and impact of neglecting knowledge transfer.
background : there is a gap between the knowledge in the broad dementia research literature and transfer of knowledge into practice.
discussion : there are a number of unanswered research questions in relation to qol in people with dementia living in long term care.
potential strategies to assist knowledge transfer in long-term care settings are needed.
the perceived barriers and facilitators differed with gender as a result of the characteristics of korean culture.
aim : to assess the relationship between perceived social control / personal control and functional health status among older adults in rural and urban taiwan.
background : the ageing of the population is poised to emerge as a preeminent worldwide phenomenon.
method : this is a descriptive correlational study using a secondary data base , social environment and biomarkers of aging study.
social environment and biomarkers of aging study is a nationally representative study of health outcomes in the taiwanese population.
results : both perceived levels of social control and personal control had a statistically significant relationship with functional health status.
functional health status was significantly higher for urban older adults than their rural counterparts.
conclusions : personal control and social control were both found to be predictors of functional health status.
major findings are supported by previous studies.
women's fertility steeply decreases with increasing age , but the intensity of the decrease is individually significantly variable.
the main cause of fertility drop is rapid decrease of ovarian follicle count.
deletion of ovarian follicles happens mainly by the mechanism of cell apoptosis.
nevertheless in the whole process participates also others exogenous and endogenous factors.
at the end this paper evaluates currently available markers of ovarian reserve and its abilities to be used in routine clinical practice.
vascular and neurodegenerative disease commonly cooccur in older persons.
we review findings from the rush religious orders study and memory and aging project.
both studies enroll subjects without diagnosed dementia , perform annual evaluations , and obtain autopsies proximate to death.
we found that macroscopic infarcts are common , lower the threshold for cognitive impairment , and often coexist with alzheimer's disease pathology.
we also found that vascular pathology may be associated with memory impairment and may be difficult to distinguish from clinical alzheimer's disease.
arsenic is an environmental toxicant , free-radical generator , carcinogenic agent , and aging promoter.
white blood cells recovered from buffy coat were used for dna fragmentation test.
present observation suggests that significant number of individuals developed pigmentation and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with black-brownish patch on their body and many of those developed carcinomas.
hematopoietic data show a significant increase in eosinophil and decrease in monocyte count in either sex.
significant increase in serum alanine transaminase in both sexes and bilirubin only in male suggests the eventuality of hepatic disintegration.
arsenic exposure significantly decreased serum amylase in female.
this could attribute to lowering in immune competence and related necrotic and / or apoptotic manifestations.
we examined the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and the experience and overall usage of autobiographical memory in two studies.
in both studies we found that openness was related to the directive and self functions of overall usage.
for the remaining \ "big five \ " personality traits the results were less consistent across studies.
finally , in both studies there were no significant relationships with regard to agreeableness and conscientiousness.
kinsey developed the scale from models created by his predecessors in human sex research.
a primary intention of the scale was to eradicate sexual identity categories altogether in order to eliminate sexual identity-based persecutions and to promote equal rights.
as proponents and opponents of homosexual rights both depended on constructions of sexual identity to advance their agendas , kinsey's ideal was never realized.
the scale nonetheless continues to challenge postmodern associations of identity and sexuality.
owing to equal and increased opportunities for education and employment , today's trend in japanese marriages is characterized by late and less frequent marriage.
it also illustrates the need for future studies to develop better social care policies for increasing numbers of single caregivers and single elders.
qualitative analyses suggested that respondents perceived significant problems related to affordability and accountability within the current ltc insurance industry.
the article concludes with policy and practice recommendations to reduce these disparities in access to mental health services for diverse populations of older adults.
using a dynamic microsimulation model , this paper explores the ability of alternate future stock market scenarios to restore retirement assets.
the authors find that those near retirement could fare the worst because they have no time to recoup their losses.
mid-career workers could fare better because they have more time to rebuild their wealth.
they may even gain income if they buy stocks at low prices and get above-average rates of return.
high-income groups will be the most affected because they are most likely to have financial assets and to be invested in the stock market.
a commentary of the article discussing the possible reimagining of long-term care ( ltc ) is provided.
the reimagining article examines how to diminish the role of nursing homes in the ltc system.
the text is provocative.
it is also thought-provoking.
in this commentary i provide a further opinion that we could do better within the current system using the current resources.
long-term care ( ltc ) needs to be reconceptualized.
the current efforts to reinvent the nursing home perpetuate a flawed model of care.
the heritage of the nursing home as the dominant model for ltc needs to be reexamined.
the basic ltc building blocks housing , services , and medical care can be combined in various ways to meet consumers ' needs and preferences.
we need innovative solutions that can offer reasonable service while recognizing the value of acceptable risk taking.
modest personal care should not come at the price of surrendering one's autonomy.
analyses of pre- and post-disaster sf-36 scores yielded changes in physical function and bodily pain.
mental health scores were lower for women than men.
gender differences were observed in religious beliefs and religious coping , favoring women.
race and current socioeconomic status ( ses ) are associated with sleep.
in this study , the sleep of @number@ black and white adults was investigated.
in addition , women from low childhood ses backgrounds took longer to fall asleep than women from high ses backgrounds.
results were not mediated via current ses or health practices.
understanding the cognitive changes associated with compromised daily living skills in elderly individuals is important for making appropriate recommendations about the capacity for independent functioning.
executive functioning accounted for additional variance in a broad range of daily living skills after controlling for iq decline.
when fsiq was used in the regression model rather than iq decline , executive functioning was no longer uniquely associated with daily living skills.
these findings have implications for making more evidence-based recommendations about the capacity for independent living.
cognitive neuroscience literature suggests a strong dissociation between the ability to mentally transform object and body stimuli ( hegarty & waller , @number@ ) .
however , little is known about how this ability changes with age.
this dissociation was explored in @number@ younger ( 19-24 years ) and @number@ older ( 65-87 years ) adults.
compared to young adults , older adults displayed the greatest decline in performance efficiency for the whole-body task.
the authors propose that an age-related decline in the integrity of body-schema information may account for this change.
spatial span subtest of the wechsler memory scale has been viewed as an indicator of working memory and visuospatial processing.
the current study examined the impact of cognitive impairment and its severity on spatial span performance.
increase in level of impairment resulted in a decrease in spatial span total score.
a weak relationship between age and spatial span total score was found.
spatial span forward remains relatively stable regardless of level of impairment.
spatial span backward was more sensitive to severity.
mild cognitive impairment groups and normals did not differ suggesting visuospatial processes are not affected early in the dementing process.
objectives : in clinical practice , discrepancies are observed between self and proxy reports of various aspects of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
method : forty-five patient-proxy pairs participated in the study.
self-rating scale of memory functions was used as a questionnaire subjective measure.
both patient and proxy ratings were moderately correlated with the objective measures.
patient-proxy discrepancies were associated with lower verbal learning , poor cognitive control and more severe pd symptomatology.
moreover , depression was associated with patients ' overestimation of symptoms.
conclusion : self-awareness of memory function is relatively well preserved in pd , but is negatively affected by depressive symptoms.
patient-proxy discrepancies increase also with disease severity , degree of memory problems and cognitive control deficits.
to our knowledge , this is the first study about the prevalence of smc in spain.
methods : we adopted a transversal descriptive epidemiological study.
the survey sample size is @number@ persons above @number@ years.
smc were obtained through questions regarding memory complaints.
results : @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects reported smc.
the prevalence of smc depends on age , education , sex , mood and cognitive performance.
smc rises from @percent@ in the 65-69 age groups to @percent@ in the @number@ and above group.
the percentage of subjects with smc was @percent@ among persons diagnosed with depression or anxiety , and @percent@ among subjects without.
objective : the holocaust has become an iconic example of immense human-made catastrophes , and survivors are now coping with normal aging processes.
participants completed several measures of mental and physical health , and their cognitive functioning was examined.
the current study is a follow-up of a previous study conducted @number@ years ago with the same participants.
nonetheless , adult offspring of holocaust survivors showed no differences in their physical , psychological , and cognitive functioning as compared to matched controls.
tests to detect suboptimal effort are becoming widely used in clinical practice and are based on their reported insensitivity to cognitive dysfunction.
a diagnosis of dementia has life-changing implications for an individual of working age.
it is therefore crucial that clinicians can be confident they have obtained a valid estimate of current cognitive functioning.
method : forty-two participants with dementia diagnosed before the age of @number@ completed measures of emotional and cognitive functioning and six svts.
results : there were no significant correlations between emotional functioning and measures of effort.
however , cognitive functioning , in particular new learning , was significantly related to svt performance.
participants with mild dementia performed significantly better on all six svts than those with moderate / severe dementia.
the results also suggest that the svts are not equally sensitive to cognitive dysfunction.
rey's dot counting test ( dct ) ( times criterion ) achieved @percent@ specificity , and was the only test passed by every participant.
among others , analyses of variance were used to test the differences between groups with distinct experiences of unemployment periods.
results : retirees with the experience of repeated unemployment but not with one-time unemployment during working life reported worse mental health and satisfaction with life.
calculated effect sizes were @number@ for anxiety , @number@ for depression and between @number@ and @number@ for satisfaction with different domains of daily life.
differences between men and women emerged , but similarities dominated.
participants with higher current household incomes were found to be less affected.
conclusion : the experience of repeated unemployment periods during working life is associated with more psychosocial distress in retired men and women.
thus , unemployment may have serious negative implications even for persons retired already.
introduction : studies analyzing the moderator role of self-efficacy have centered their attention on the relationship between stressors and distress.
additional research is needed to understand individual perceptions for engaging in future life-sustaining treatment decisions.
identifying perceptions associated with end-of-life treatment preferences may improve interventions that facilitate quality care through patient autonomy.
objectives : there are few studies investigating the characteristics of older smokers.
in this study , we sought to replicate these results in an older population.
we describe the characteristics of the current smokers ( n = @number@ ) .
we identified differences in smoking characteristics and prevalence rates of dsm- @date@ -month diagnoses by smoking severity.
results : most smokers did not meet the criteria for dsm 12-month nd.
older smokers identified as having nd were first diagnosed at a relatively older age.
smokers without nd still have relatively high rates of dependency symptoms.
given the late onset of nd , smoking dependence may be a progressive disorder.
high rates of psychiatric disorders may interfere with smoking cessation.
the impact of the program upon older listeners ' mood , quality of life ( qol ) and self-reported loneliness was independently evaluated.
they were asked to listen to the program daily and baseline and follow-up measures of depression , qol and loneliness were obtained.
participants were also asked for their opinions regarding the program's quality and appeal.
this empirical study investigates the existence of relational aggression in a sample of residents and the relationship between relational aggression and resident's subjective well-being.
design and methods : @number@ residents from six assisted living facilities completed questionnaires assessing personal experiences as victims of relational aggression and subjective well-being.
also nurses reported on victimization of relational aggression for every participant.
linear regression models were used to examine the association between both reports of relational aggression and subjective well-being.
chi-square testing revealed no association between ratings by nurses and residents.
self-reports of victimization of relational aggression were related to depression , anxiety , satisfaction with life and social loneliness , but not to emotional loneliness.
nurse-reports of victimization of relational aggression were not related to subjective well-being.
implications : self-reports of relational aggression seem to be better predictors of resident's well-being than nurse-reports of relational aggression.
introduction : the role of spirituality in the context of mental health and successful aging is not well understood.
methods : a detailed cross-sectional survey questionnaire on successful aging was completed by @number@ older women.
it included multiple self-reported measures of positive psychological functioning ( e.g. , resilience and optimism ) , as well as depression and hrqol.
results : overall , @percent@ women reported regular attendance in organized religious practice , and @percent@ reported engaging in private spiritual practices.
future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations.
objectives : concerns about falling , or fear of falling , is highly common in old age and has adverse consequences.
the development and understanding of interventions to reduce concerns about falling are therefore relevant.
this study explored the mediating effects of psychosocial factors on trajectories of concerns about falling and daily activity in a multicomponent cognitive behavioral group intervention.
data were analyzed with mixed-effects regression models.
results : small to moderate statistically significant effects of the intervention on the potential mediators were found at nearly all follow-up assessments.
separate psychosocial factors showed modest mediating effects on the outcomes.
when all mediators were taken into account simultaneously , 44-76% of the association between the intervention and the outcomes was explained.
conclusion : this study showed that the multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention improved control beliefs , self-efficacy , outcome expectations , and social interactions.
these variables mediated the association between the intervention and concerns about falling or daily activity in community-dwelling older adults.
this knowledge may facilitate further improvement and development of interventions to reduce concerns about falling and to increase daily activity.
incidents of physical aggression were assessed using staff report.
results : a total of @number@ clients were present in the facility during the reporting period.
an already low rate of incidents of physical aggression per client month ( @number@ ) was reduced by @percent@ following the implementation of programmatic enhancements.
objectives : identification of early alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has become very important.
episodic memory tasks appear to have predictive power for indicating early ad.
data were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner.
dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) is often associated with occipital hypometabolism or hypoperfusion , as well as deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission.
patterns of cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) and cognitive performance were compared.
frontal and parieto-occipital hypoperfusion was observed in both dlb and ad but was more pronounced in dlb.
following chei treatment , perfusion increased in temporal and parieto-occipital cortex , and cognitive performance improved on a verbal fluency task.
in the field of frailty , there is an underlying hypothesis that chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to bad outcomes in response to a stressor.
mortality , weight loss and sarcopenia were the main outcomes measured.
the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation did not affect post-infection mortality , body weight loss and tissue mass decreases.
infection-induced modifications of plasma acute phase proteins concentrations were not higher in low-grade inflamed than non-inflamed rats.
absolute synthesis rates of tissue proteins were independent of the initial inflammatory status , except for liver @number@ days after infection.
altogether , age-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in male rats did not worsen the body response to bacterial infection.
these results suggest that chronic low-grade inflammation is not an aggravating factor of the spiraling process leading to frailty.
facial rejuvenation is a significant process involved in restoring youthfulness.
the introduction of less invasive procedures has increased acceptance of such procedures.
often a combination of different techniques allows individualized treatment with optimal outcomes.
furthermore , this leads to a natural look without a significant downtime.
background : published studies assessing whether asymmetrical facial ultraviolet light exposure leads to underlying differences in skin physiology and morphology report only clinical observations.
the aim of this study was to assess the visual impact on the skin of repeated ultraviolet-a ( uva ) exposure through a window.
other differences were observed for skin hydration , as well as skin laxity , which tended towards significance.
discussion : this study suggests the potential benefit of daily uva protection during nondeliberate exposure indoors as well as outside.
six sigma and lean thinking are quality initiatives initially deployed in industry to improve operational efficiency leading to better quality and subsequent cost savings.
the financial rationale for embarking on this quality journey is clear ; applying it to today's health care remains challenging.
furthermore , health care cost increases are caused by unnecessary operational inefficiency associated with the direct medical service delivery process.
this article describes the challenging journey of implementing six sigma methodology at a tertiary care medical center.
six sigma incorporated as part of the \ "company's or hospital's culture \ " would be most desirable but the learning curve will be steep.
the aim of the study was to evaluate the adherence and efficacy of quetiapine treatment in a 6-month , multicentre , noninterventional naturalistic design.
overall , @number@ schizophrenia patients using quetiapine or who had switched to quetiapine were included.
the continuation rate for quetiapine treatment during 6-month follow-up period was @percent@.
adherence improved with each subsequent visit for continued patients , @percent@ at the second visit to @percent@ at the last.
treatment adherence was correlated to improvement of symptoms , though not significantly.
schizophrenia patients with antisocial behaviour problems had two and a half times higher drop-out rates.
in conclusion , this naturalistic study showed that adherence to quetiapine treatment was high , and treatment was effective in schizophrenia patients during long-term treatment.
cancer vaccine feasibility would benefit from reducing the number and duration of vaccinations without diminishing efficacy.
however , the duration of in vivo studies and the huge number of possible variations in vaccination protocols have discouraged their optimization.
with biological training , the in silico model captured the overall in vivo behavior and highlighted certain critical issues.
our results show that an integrated in vivo-in silico approach could improve both mathematical and biological models of cancer immunoprevention.
bones provide mechanical and protective function , while also serving as housing for marrow and a site for regulation of calcium ion homeostasis.
in addition to the effect size , power to detect associations is largely driven by sample size.
genotyping was carried out on affymetrix or illumina platforms followed by imputation of genotypes in most studies.
on average , @number@ million single nucleotide polymorphisms were generated per study.
the results from each study are combined using meta-analysis.
conclusion : cardiogram is poised to contribute to our understanding of the role of common genetic variation on risk for cad and mi.
nonhuman primate studies suggest that cr may have similar effects in longer-lived species.
this article presents the design and implementation of this study.
methods : the study is a multicenter , parallel-group , randomized controlled trial.
results : an intensive dietary and behavioral intervention was developed to achieve @percent@ cr and sustain it over the @number@ years.
adherence is monitored using a doubly labeled water technique.
primary outcomes are resting metabolic rate and core temperature , and are assessed at baseline and at 6-month intervals.
biologic materials are stored in a central repository.
conclusions : an intricate protocol has been developed to conduct this study.
procedures have been implemented to safeguard the integrity of the data and the conclusions drawn.
the results will provide insight into the detrimental changes associated with the human aging process and how cr mitigates these effects.
aging affects various structural and metabolic properties of the brain.
however , associations among various aspects of brain aging are unclear.
moreover , those properties and associations among them may be modified by age-associated increase in vascular risk.
in this study , we measured volume of brain regions that vary in their vulnerability to aging and estimated local iron content via t2 relaxometry.
in some regions ( pfc , vc , cd , and pt ) age-related differences in iron and volume followed similar patterns.
however , in the medial-temporal structures , volume and iron content exhibited different age trajectories.
whereas age-related volume reduction was mild in hc and absent in ec , iron content evidenced significant age-related declines.
in hypertensive participants significantly greater iron content was noted in all examined regions.
the natural vitamin e analog α-tocopheryl phosphate ( αtp ) modulates atherosclerotic and inflammatory events more efficiently than the unphosphorylated α-tocopherol ( αt ) .
thp-1 cell proliferation is slightly increased by αt , whereas it is inhibited by αtp.
as assessed by gene expression microarrays , more genes are regulated by αtp than by αt.
increased akt ( ser473 ) phosphorylation and induction of ros by αtp occur in a wortmannin-sensitive manner , indicating the involvement of phosphatidylinositol kinases.
the induction of akt ( ser473 ) phosphorylation and ros production by αtp can be attenuated by αt.
in recent years there has been much interest in the use of optical diagnostics in cancer detection.
early diagnosis of cancer affords early intervention and greatest chance of cure.
raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction of photons with the target material producing a highly detailed biochemical ' fingerprint ' of the sample.
it can be appreciated that such a sensitive biochemical detection system could confer diagnostic benefit in a clinical setting.
following the introduction of health care targets for cancer , and with an ever-aging population the need for rapid cancer detection has never been greater.
raman spectroscopy could confer great patient benefit with early , rapid and accurate diagnosis.
this technique is almost labour free without the need for sample preparation.
in the present study , we evaluated changes in the strength of associations between t2dm and birth size and maternal weight with age.
ten years later ( t₁₀ ) , the screening was repeated in @number@ subjects who were non-diabetic at t₀ ( @percent@ of survivors ) .
results : at t₁₀ , @number@ new cases of diabetes were found.
conclusions : short birth length remains a risk factor for diabetes.
changes in the effects of birth length and maternal weight on diabetes risk with age may indicate different causal pathways.
these findings require replication in studies with more accurate dating of the onset of diabetes.
results : self-esteem was correlated with age ( p = @number@ ) , but not with diabetes ( p = @number@ ) .
the median cfsei-2 score for both healthy and diabetic children was @number@
there was no significant correlation between self-esteem and sex , body mass index ( bmi ) , physical exercise , hba1c or parental educational level.
conclusions : self-esteem in diabetic children is mainly affected by their age , level of physical activity and level of family support.
these findings emphasize the need to discriminate between glycemic control and diabetic adjustment.
background : a thorough characterization of the morphological structure and physical properties is essential for an understanding of human hair.
a number of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy have been used to study hair surfaces.
recently , atomic force microscopy ( afm ) has emerged as an ideal method for the non-invasive examination of hair surfaces.
purpose : to investigate the effects of aging on normal korean hair diameter and surface features using afm.
methods : we enrolled @number@ korean volunteers of various ages who had no hair diseases.
we analyzed hair diameter , afm images of the hair surface , cuticular descriptors and micro-scale mechanical properties for their associations with aging.
results : hair diameter was found to increase for the first 20-30 years of life , after which it began to decrease.
afm images of most of the younger subjects showed typical step-like topographic properties with clear scale edges.
the afm images of most of the older subjects revealed dilapidated structures , poorly demarcated scale edges and undulated surfaces.
among the cuticular descriptors , surface roughness increased significantly with age.
force to distance analysis demonstrated a dependence on age.
conclusion : these results suggest that aging causes changes in hair diameter and surface structure.
pharmaceutical and cosmetics , environmental factors and lifestyle have an important effect on skin.
in this study , the efficacy of @number@ commercial anti-wrinkle products was evaluated using a direct non-invasive method to measure the skin surface morphology.
methods : two hundred and forty-eight healthy female volunteers , aged between @number@ and @number@ years , were chosen for this study.
the duration of treatment was @number@ days.
skin microrelief parameters were evaluated using the visioscan ( ® ) vc98 - sels @number@ from courage + khazaka.
measurements were made in the crow's feet area and the differences were evaluated for statistical significance.
results : significant differences were found for some of the sels parameters.
chronic respiratory diseases are a common complication of preterm birth , particularly among very immature infants or those suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
major progress in the treatment of preterm newborns has changed the pattern of late respiratory complications.
the major respiratory problem in infancy and early childhood is respiratory exacerbations caused by infections ( particularly viral ones ) , which need hospitalization.
for some preterm infants , particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia , obstructive lung disease persists into adulthood.
they are very likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or similar disease later in life.
in these patients , a program of lung function monitoring and pulmonary prophylaxis by means of elimination of specific risk factors in adulthood is advisable.
aging is associated with modifications of the immune system and this could contribute to a reduced prevalence of allergic disease in the elderly.
atopy has rarely been considered in the clinical assessment of the geriatric respiratory patient.
this article is a review of the available literature assessing the impact of age on atopy in the asthmatic patient.
no large , longitudinal studies performed in the general population have been conducted to confirm this observation.
for this reason , the evaluation of the atopic condition in the geriatric patient is recommended.
the role of atopy as regards diagnosis , therapy and prognosis of asthma in the elderly is addressed.
aims : to investigate the association between endogenous testosterone levels and psychological health symptoms in men from a general population.
the cross-sectional data were analysed with partial association and analysis of variance and covariance.
there was an even stronger association between men presumed to be testosterone deficient and symptoms of anxiety ( p < 0.001 ) .
however , men with more pronounced symptoms indicating mental disorder did not have lower testosterone levels.
conclusions : men presumed being testosterone deficient had a higher symptom score , in particularly regarding anxiety , but they did not have pathological symptoms.
thus , lower testosterone levels was only associated with subthreshold symptoms of anxiety and depression.
hypertension , a significant factor in the development of cerebrovascular disorders , heart disease and renal failure , is a common disorder worldwide.
despite the availability of a wide range of antihypertensive agents , almost two-thirds of hypertensive patients have poorly controlled blood pressure ( bp ) .
combination therapy using two drugs with different , complementary mechanisms of action achieves better efficacy and tolerability outcomes than treatment with either component drug alone.
lercanidipine / enalapril is a promising example of a fixed-dose combination of these drug classes.
further studies are required to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effects of lercanidipine / enalapril.
in study @number@ @number@ older people completed the scales , and data were submitted to a principal components analysis.
in study @number@ the new scales were administered to @number@ older people.
although the simplified scales can distinguish between conceptually different approaches to well-being , further studies are needed to obtain estimates of reliability and validity.
design : two year prospective study after an acute weight loss intervention.
setting : university of washington medical center from 2001-2006.
participants : nineteen older ( ≥ @number@ years old ) men and women.
results : five subjects out of @number@ failed to regain weight after two years.
in the fall of @number@ the government of quebec set up a public consultation on living conditions of seniors.
fifty sessions were held in @number@ cities across all @number@ regions of the province.
more than @number@ seniors attended the sessions and @number@ briefs were received from scientists and associations.
this would contribute to a more equitable , interdependent and wiser society.
unfortunately , the government did not support these recommendations.
it is now time for scientists to get involved in leading policy on seniors and in the political arena.
patients with mci may present minor impairments in activities of daily living ( adl ) .
participants were @number@ years or older and community dwelling : @number@ control subjects , @number@ amci patients and @number@ ad patients.
a protocol of neuropsychological tests , global evaluation scales , functional scales , and depressive symptoms assessment was used.
thus the objective of this study is to find out how well gps recognize persons with mci in their practice population.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : primary care chart registry sample.
participants : @number@ non-demented gp patients aged 75-89 years.
measurements : gps assessed the cognitive status of their patients on the global deterioration scale ( gds ) .
thereafter , trained interviewers collected psychometric data by interviewing the patients at home.
the interview data constitute the basis for the definition of mci cases ( gold standard ) .
results : the sensitivity of gps to detect mci was very low ( 11-12% ) whereas their specificity amounts to 93-94%.
patients with mci with a middle or high level of education more often got a false negative assignment than patients with a low educational level.
the risk of a false positive assignment rose with the patients ' degree of comorbidity.
gps were better at detecting mci when memory or two and more mci-domains were impaired.
conclusion : the results show that gps recognise mci in a very limited number of cases when based on clinical impression only.
a further development of the mci concept and its operationalisation is necessary.
then a better attention and qualification of gps with regard to the recognition of mci might be achievable.
objective : to evaluate the effects of swimming on upper extremity motor control , and balance in elderly population.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : the biomechanical laboratory in a tertiary hospital.
the control group consisted of @number@ healthy active subjects ( n 34 , @number@ ± @number@ years ) who have regular exercises other than swimming.
the smart balance master device was used to measure posture balance.
the maximal stability , center of pressure ( cop ) velocity , and percentage ankle strategy were obtained under six different balance conditions.
conclusion : regular swimming exercise may result in improved eye hand coordination as faster and more accurate repetitive movements.
swimming may also result in improved balance function under few complicated balance conditions.
objective : informal care is a significant component of the societal resource use and costs in dementia care.
thus it is fundamental that assessments of informal care are valid.
thus the aim was to analyse the validity of time estimates with the resource utilization in dementia ( rud ) instrument.
design : prospective observational study.
setting : community sample.
participants : fourteen married and cohabiting patient-caregiver pairs.
results : the patients and their caregivers participated in @number@ diaries and @number@ observation sessions.
conclusion : the rud instrument appears to accurately estimate the amount of informal care provided by caregivers to dementia patients.
design : retrospective , cross-sectional observational study.
setting : veterans affairs maryland health care system ( vamhcs ) .
participants : veterans aged ≥ @number@ years with alzheimer's or related dementia diagnosis after @number@ with minimum of one-year follow-up or death were included.
the growing number of dementia patients leads to both policy , economic and health organization constraints.
many healthcare systems have developed case management programs in order to optimize dementia patients and caregivers care and services delivery.
nevertheless , to what extend case management programs can lead to an improvement of care and expenditures savings is not known.
thus , the objective of this paper was to analyse the efficacy of case management programs on health care cost , institutionalization and hospitalization.
a systematic review of randomized controlled trials was therefore conducted of the databases medline and scopus up to @date@ .
included were english language randomized controlled trials of case management for community dwelling dementia patients and their caregivers evaluating costs , institutionalization and hospitalization.
an evaluation of the methodological quality was performed.
thirteen relevant studies concerning @number@ trials were identified and included.
of the @number@ low quality studies reported positive impact of case management on the outcomes of interest.
among the @number@ good quality studies , @number@ reported positive impact on institutionalization delay , institutionalization length or nursing home admission rate.
in none of the good quality studies was evidence found for savings in health care expenditures or reduction in hospitalization recourse.
further research should focus on determining subgroups of caregivers who could benefit the most from case management.
background : a range of new therapeutic agents are now available for the management of alzheimer's disease.
policy guidance that restricts treatments to defined patient sub-groups can improve the cost-effectiveness of treatments , and can help limit rises in health care expenditures.
budget impact models that estimate the amount of additional costs and potential savings are being increasingly used by policy-makers.
method : cohort simulation modelling.
objective : to identify alzheimer's disease ( ad ) severity measures for use in cost-effectiveness models that effectively capture the impact of ad on costs.
results : all papers reviewed showed that mean total costs increase with disease severity regardless of severity-measurement method.
however , when regression analysis included multiple disease-severity measures , independent associations with costs were noted for the different measures.
setting : the ictus study is a prospective , naturalistic observational study conducted in specialised memory clinics in @number@ european countries.
in total , @number@ patients diagnosed with alzheimer's disease were enrolled at baseline.
all subjects had a reliable informant ( primary caregiver ) and informed consent was obtained from patients or their primary caregiver.
there were substantial differences in total resource utilization and also in the balance between formal and informal care between northern , western and southern europe.
padl scores were strongly associated with formal care costs while iadl scores correlated strongly with informal care costs.
conclusions : costs of alzheimer's disease are high across european countries.
activities of daily living is an important determinant of care costs.
formal care service use is lower and informal care higher in southern europe compared to western and northern europe.
the societal and individual costs of alzheimer's disease are significant , worldwide.
as the world ages , these costs are increasing rapidly , while health systems face finite budgets.
incorporating pharmacoeconomic studies in phase iii clinical trials for alzheimer's disease presents a number of challenges.
we propose several specific suggestions to improve the design of pharmacoeconomic studies in phase iii clinical trials.
we propose that acute episodes of care are key outcome measures for pharmacoeconomic studies.
specific aspects of power analysis for pharmacoeconomic studies are presented.
results : the mean age of the patients was @number@ years ( sd = 9.2 ) , @percent@ of them were female.
the mean mmse score was @number@ ( sd = 7.24 ) , and the mean eq-5d score was @number@ ( sd = 0.34 ) .
the average annual cost of dementia was @number@ euros per patient living at home and @number@ euros per patient living in nursing homes.
compared to acute myocardial infarction the total disease burden of dementia is @number@ times greater.
compared to the general population of hungary eq-5d values of the demented patients are lower in all age groups.
dementia related costs are much lower in hungary compared to western european countries.
there is no remarkable difference between the costs of demented patients living at home and in nursing homes , from the societal point of view.
the usefulness of a recently revised version of the shortened mna ( mna-sf ) was also investigated.
nutritional status was determined on admission by trained dietitians using the full mna instrument and the mna-sf.
information on diagnosis-related grouping and length of stay ( los ) was obtained.
results : data was available for @number@ patients with a mean age of @number@ ( @number@ ) y.
thirty-three percent and @percent@ of patients were classified as malnourished and at nutritional risk , respectively.
mna-sf demonstrated high sensitivity but relatively low specificity against the full mna.
conclusion : the majority of older patients in the rehabilitation setting are nutritionally compromised which adversely influences los.
in order to encourage more widespread screening , the mna-sf may be able to replace the full mna.
setting : the madrid region , spain.
participants : men and women @number@ years of age ( n = 180 ) .
measurements : a dietetic study undertaken using the precise weighing method ( @number@ consecutive days ) .
anthropometric and blood analysis data were also recorded.
results : mean fruit and vegetable consumption was @number@ ± @number@ g / day.
conclusions : the subjects who consumed at least @number@ g / day of fruits and vegetables generally showed a better nutritional status.
design : data collection from a nurse led community osteoporosis clinic.
participants : @number@ post-menopausal women with at least one risk factor for osteoporosis.
the resulting underestimation of body mass index was @number@ ( @number@.3-2.0 ) units.
@percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
an interview was done with caregivers and the collected verbal material was analyzed through the collective subject discursive technique.
reports related to aging could also be collected as well as social questions which motivated caregivers to search for this kind of job.
the purpose of this study was to identify in the scientific literature , the self-image and representations that elders have about themselves in different contexts.
frequently , the society considers aging as a \ "problem \ " , creating stereotypes that could result in the exclusion of the aged.
the inner possibilities and the social participation were identified as important elements for the elderly self perception.
there was no significant difference between the score of the two groups or between these scores and the voice change perception.
there was a positive correlation ( p = 0.039 ) between chronological age and the vr-qol physical domain scores for the gp.
in both groups , the impact of the voice changes was higher in the vr-qol physical than in the socio-emotional domain.
the self perception of vocal aging was related to the professional or non-professional use of the voice.
teachers , apart from having this perception had more problems in the vr-qol questions of the physical domain , related to the professional requests.
non-teachers that noticed the vocal aging had difficulties with the socio-emotional and physical aspects.
the population ageing is a challenge for health professionals.
a transverse study was carried out with seniors assisted by family health teams of the district east sanitary of goiania ( go ) .
a questionnaire was applied to obtain socioeconomic and demographic date , factors related to the health and scales of the functional evaluation.
for analyses it was used square-qui test considering the level of significance of @percent@.
it was verified that @percent@ needed help in one or more adl and @percent@ in aidl.
these results denote that the elderly are living aging characterized by comorbidities and dependence to accomplish daily activities.
abstract the article reviews the major biological theories of aging , and discusses the most relevant mechanisms to explain the aging process.
it begins with the evolutionary theories , explores the molecular-cellular mechanisms , and presents the perspective of the systemic theories.
the complex etiology of aging is a challenge to the researchers.
the knowledge on that phenomenon develops towards an integrative approach.
this qualitative research has the aim to know the meaning of the aging process in the work market referring to the aged people.
six aged persons have participated in this research.
the data were collected through an interview and were analyzed using the technique of thematically analyze.
concluding , this paper reinforces the theory that the capitalist societies attach excessive value to the work in the human being life.
the population aging in brazil and in the world is a reason for an epidemic inquietude.
so , the violence against senior people has been considered a problem of public health.
we used furtado's constructivist method of evaluation , which provides practices of participative evaluation.
trying to reach such perspective , we are guided by paths of the integrative approach ( inter , multi and transdisciplinary ) and intersectoral.
the group believes that the efficiency of its actions is limited due to the lack of transport and other professionals.
for the professionals of the support social networks , the project should look for intersectoral performance , once it intends to reach a complete attendance.
for the seniors , the project is quite valid and needs to be consolidated in the district.
the evaluation instruments had been the berg scale , dizziness handicap inventory ( dhi ) and speech analysis.
background : the aging process is associated with the development of several diseases , which can be attenuated by the practice of physical activities.
aerobic training is an effective method to maintain and improve cardiovascular function.
g1 attended educational lectures once a week , whereas g2 walked three times a week.
results : both groups presented a significant decrease in glycemia and diastolic blood pressure levels.
no significant decreases in bmi were observed after the aerobic training in either group.
subjects included @number@ community residing older adults with dementia who participated in @number@ of @number@ interventions being tested in randomized clinical trials.
undiagnosed illness was identified according to currently published criteria.
neuropsychiatric behaviors were assessed using @number@ behaviors derived from standard measures.
thirty-six percent ( n = 96 ) of patients had clinical findings indicative of undetected illness.
conditions most prevalent were bacteriuria ( @percent@ ) , followed by hyperglycemia ( @percent@ ) and anemia ( @percent@ ) .
the precise operational definition of psychosis in dementia lacks consensus , partially owing to incongruence in the various assessment tools used.
this study compares assessments of psychotic symptoms in persons with dementia , specifically of hallucinations and delusions , through the @number@ most frequently used assessments.
participants were @number@ nursing home residents from @number@ nursing homes in israel , diagnosed with dementia.
the highest prevalence rates of delusions were found through the cuspad , and the lowest through the cerad-brsd.
rates identified by the behave-ad were intermediate and similar to those of the npi-nh.
the cerad-brsd , soliciting reports of the fewest specific symptoms , detected the fewest psychotic symptoms.
the cuspad , soliciting the most items , presented the highest prevalence rates.
the behave-ad and the npi-nh had similar rates and showed a high convergent validity.
background : the clinical utility of identifying pediatric metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is controversial.
risk estimates with the use of high body mass index were similar to those of mets phenotypes in predicting adult outcomes.
longevity in this study population is not compromised by the cumulative effect of this set of risk alleles for common disease.
objective : to promote healthy aging in older nursing home ( nh ) residents , it is important to identify factors that impact functional performance.
background : glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) is directly associated with survival.
however , the prognostic significance of gfr might be different according to the formula used to estimate it.
we aimed at comparing the association between gfr estimated using three different formulas and 1-year survival in elderly patients discharged from acute care hospitals.
ageing is a complex multifactorial process involving a progressive physiological decline that , ultimately , leads to the death of an organism.
it involves multiple changes in many components that play fundamental roles under healthy and pathological conditions.
simultaneously , every organism undergoes accumulative ' wear and tear ' during its lifespan , which confounds the effects of the ageing process.
the scenario is complicated even further by the presence of both age-dependent and age-independent competing causes of death.
various manipulations have been shown to interfere with the ageing process.
here we compare the existing deb-based modelling approaches and , then , discuss how new biological evidence could be incorporated within a deb framework.
methods : a contrasting group framework was used to compare discussions in two sets of focus groups with relatively healthy and less healthy older adults.
the thematic analysis was informed by the transtheoretical model , the health belief model and social cognitive theory.
however , perceptions of specific factors needed to maintain and promote good health differed between healthy and less healthy participants.
the findings were used to propose an active living framework which is the subject of ongoing research.
before attempting to create new criteria , a multidisciplinary group-task is urged to identify and minimize the uncontrolled proliferation of definitions.
only then , it will be possible to advance the understanding of how vascular brain changes affect cognition.
immunosenescence is defined as changes in the innate and adaptive immune response associated with increased age.
the clinical consequences of immunosenescence include increased susceptibility to infection , malignancy and autoimmunity , decreased response to vaccination , and impaired wound healing.
asthma in older patients is not uncommon , and this is a growing population as the average lifespan increases.
additionally , age-related altered antigen presentation and decreased specific antibody responses might increase the risk of respiratory tract infections.
respiratory tract infections exacerbate asthma in older patients and possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of late-onset asthma.
furthermore , cytokine profiles might be modified with aging , with some investigators suggesting a trend toward t ( h ) 2 cytokine expression.
this review examines specific innate and adaptive immune responses affected by aging that might affect the inflammatory response in older adults with asthma.
despite their potential as a sensitive measure of ventricular performance , tissue doppler velocities vary with normal aging.
this is inconvenient for nonspecialists to interpret and makes it difficult to use as an entry criterion for clinical studies.
the age-adjusted tissue doppler z-scores might avoid these disadvantages and be more discriminant for myocardial impairment than the raw velocities.
the calculation needs only the raw velocity and patient age.
our results suggest that baseline regional gray matter volume predicts the rate of global gray matter volume decline in the subsequent period in healthy subjects.
our study may contribute to distinguishing neurodegenerative diseases from normal aging and to predicting cognitive decline.
the most prevalent hypothesis concerning the relationship between reproduction and longevity predicts that reproduction is costly , particularly in females.
specifically , egg production and sexual harassment of females by males reduce female longevity.
this may apply to some short-lived species such as drosophila , but not to some long-lived species such as the queens of ants and bees.
this discrepancy necessitates a critical reevaluation of the validity of both the trade-off concept as such , and of the current theories of aging.
the recent spermidine / mitophagy theory is gaining momentum.
this has led to the theory of age-specific anatomic abnormalities in autism.
this dataset is several times larger than the largest autism study to date.
a peak age for detecting and studying the earliest fundamental biological underpinnings of autism is prenatal life and the first three postnatal years.
studies of the older autistic brain may not address original causes but are essential to discovering how best to help the older aging autistic person.
results : muscle samples from newborn , juvenile , and adult weddell seals were collected during an antarctic expedition.
extracted rna was hybridized on affymetrix human expression chips.
preliminary studies showed a detectable signal from at least @number@ probe sets present in all samples and replicates.
a systems biology approach based on gene interaction patterns can compensate adequately for the lack of species-specific genomics information.
background : childhood adversity is associated with increased risk for mood , anxiety , impulse control , and substance disorders.
although genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of such disorders , the neurobiological mechanisms involved are poorly understood.
a reliable mouse model of early life adversity leading to lasting behavioral changes would facilitate progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects.
maternal separation is a commonly used model of early life neglect , but has led to inconsistent results in the mouse.
analysis of pup weights and metabolic parameters showed no evidence for malnutrition in the msew pups.
additionally , strain differences in many of the behavioral tests suggest a role for genetic factors in the response to early life neglect.
background : the effects of intervention programs on health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) of patients with hip fracture have not been well studied.
we hypothesized that older patients with hip fracture who received our interdisciplinary intervention program would have better hrqol than those who did not.
methods : a randomized experimental design was used.
hrqol was measured by the sf-36 taiwan version at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after discharge.
conclusions : this interdisciplinary intervention program may improve health outcomes of elders with hip fracture.
our results may provide a reference for health care providers in countries using similar programs with chinese / taiwanese immigrant populations.
trial registration : nct01052636.
background and objective : hospitalization for exacerbation of copd is associated with a high risk of mortality.
a risk-prediction model using information easily obtained on admission could help to identify high-risk individuals.
the curb65 score was developed to predict mortality risk in community acquired pneumonia.
a retrospective study found that this score was also associated with mortality in copd exacerbations.
we conducted a prospective study to assess the utility of the curb65 score in acute copd exacerbations.
methods : consecutive patients with physician diagnosed copd exacerbations admitted to a public hospital during a 1-year period were studied prospectively.
the curb65 scores were calculated from information obtained at initial hospital presentation.
results : 30-day mortality data were available for @number@ of @number@ patients.
curb65 scores on admission significantly predicted risk of death during the hospital admission and at @number@ days.
curb65 scores were not predictive of 1-year mortality.
our findings suggest that curb65 scores can help clinicians to assess patients with exacerbation of copd.
oxidized cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins are normally degraded by the proteasome , but accumulate with age and disease.
additionally , pa28αβ-knockout mutants achieved only half of the h2o2-induced adaptive increase in proteolytic capacity of wild-type controls.
direct comparison of purified 20s proteasome and immunoproteasome demonstrated that the immunoproteasome can selectively degrade oxidized proteins.
cell proliferation and dna replication both decreased , and oxidized proteins accumulated , during high h2o2 challenge , but prior h2o2 adaptation was protective.
objective : to investigate factors associated with absence of osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
a score of ≥ @number@ was considered as oa.
' free from oa ' was defined as no hip or knee oa and less than three hand joints with oa.
logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations with absence of oa.
results : absence of hip , knee , and hand oa was seen in @number@ @number@ and @percent@ of participants , respectively.
joints on the left and right side of the body were equally affected.
sixteen per cent of 90-year old participants were ' free from oa'.
absence of knee oa was associated with being male.
a family history of finger nodes was negatively associated with absence of hip and hand oa.
body mass index ( bmi ) was negatively associated with ' free from oa' , and also with absence of hip and knee oa.
further research in protective genetic factors is needed.
objective : subjective cognitive complaints are often used in the diagnosis of memory and other cognitive impairment.
higher levels of cognitive complaints were associated with increased activity in insular , lingual and cerebellar areas during memory tasks.
conclusions : these findings offer some support for the validity of subjective cognitive complaints as markers of age related changes in memory and brain activity.
conclusions : these findings suggest that semantic relevance and feature type are important feature dimensions in conceptual representation and in conceptual access and retrieval.
moreover , results suggest that the former dimension may be more important than the latter , at least in the case of naming from definition.
emerging evidence to support the previously assumed notion that ceramide acts in a strictly structure-specific manner are also included.
as the population continues to age , we will continue to encounter issues involving aging and the elderly.
despite these issues , knowledge is expanding and evolving with new solutions to ongoing problems.
mechanistically , frailty at its root is a symptom of growing old , with cascades and circuitous feedback between organ systems at all levels.
injection of botulinum toxin type a ( bonta ) is the most common nonsurgical aesthetic procedure undertaken in the united states ( u.s. ) .
a new formulation of bonta ( abobotulinumtoxina , dysport™ ) has recently been approved in the u.s. for the treatment of glabellar lines.
the above expert tables can be used in urological departments practicing contact ureterolithotripsy for ureterolithiasis , and in medical high schools for teaching students.
background : bone mineral density is presently the only reliable diagnostic test for osteoporosis.
methods : using quantitative questionnaires , general practitioners prospectively evaluated their own investigation and treatment of osteoporosis in patients aged more than @number@ years.
results : data are available for @number@ gps ; @number@ patients ( cycle @number@ ) and @number@ patients ( cycle @number@ ) .
however , there is an alternative view that androgen deficiency in the aging man may constitute a valid and underdiagnosed disorder.
objective : to discuss the aetiology , clinical features , diagnosis and management of androgen deficiency in the aging man.
discussion : late onset hypogonadism has clinical features that overlap with both normal aging and some pathological conditions.
it can only be diagnosed on the basis of both suggestive clinical features and clear biochemical evidence of testosterone deficiency.
in this group of patients medication may play a role.
background : communication about end of life care may involve difficult conversations for patients , family members and health professionals.
tips for initiating end of life discussions with patients and families utilising the ' prepared ' acronym , and ensuring appropriate care delivery are included.
discussion : involving patients and their family members in advance care planning may be challenging and time consuming for gps.
however , there are a number of resources to support this activity in relation to training , communication support and medicare item funding.
discussion : competing risks and benefits complicate medication use in the elderly.
general practitioners need to be aware of these risks and benefits in order to tailor the most appropriate treatment regimen to each individual patient.
background : the assessment and management of dementia is complex.
general practitioners are often the first point of contact for people with dementia , and their families.
objective : this article discusses the role of the gp in the diagnosis and management of people with dementia.
discussion : it is important gps are aware of the importance of early detection of dementia.
dementia is a complex condition.
it develops slowly and early signs of dementia are very subtle.
difficulty in detecting the transition between normal aging and the onset of dementia and the lack of a definitive diagnostic tool often precludes early diagnosis.
evidence based recommendations are available to assist gps in the diagnosis and ongoing management of people with dementia.
background : sexuality has become a medical issue in association with aging.
discussion : normal physiological changes with aging affect both genders in terms of sexual desire and performance.
other medical conditions increase with age , and these and their treatments will impact on sexuality and the way it can be expressed.
medical practitioners require an understanding of these changes in order to find ways to optimise sexual function in older patients.
the proportion of the australian population aged @number@ years or more increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
this aging of the population will increasingly pose challenges to the public health system.
genome-wide screening of androgen target genes provides useful information to understand a global view of ar-mediated gene network in pca.
both androgen-regulated coding genes and noncoding rnas , including micrornas ( mirnas ) were determined as androgen target genes.
several pairs of sense / antisense promoters were newly identified within single refseq gene regions.
the integration of cage and chip-chip analyses successfully identified a cluster of androgen-inducible mirnas , as exemplified by the mir-125b-2 cluster on chromosome @number@
during replicative aging of primary cells morphological transformations occur , the expression pattern is altered and chromatin changes globally.
here we show that chronic damage signals , probably caused by telomere processing , affect expression of histones and lead to their depletion.
we investigated the abundance and cell cycle expression of histones and histone chaperones and found defects in histone biosynthesis during replicative aging.
simultaneously , epigenetic marks were redistributed across the phases of the cell cycle and the dna damage response ( ddr ) machinery was activated.
neuropsychiatric behaviours occur frequently in alzheimer's disease and other dementias and are thought to arise from the neurodegenerative process.
however , it is unclear whether neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus are associated with neuropsychiatric behaviours such as aggression.
this study suggests a pathogenic link between neurofibrillary tangle load and aggressive behaviours in the hippocampus of dementia patients.
mitochondria sustain damage with aging , and the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a number of diseases including parkinson disease.
investigating how parkin induces these changes may offer insight into the mechanisms that lead to the sequestration and elimination of damaged mitochondria.
surprisingly and in contrast to what has been recently reported for ubiquitin-induced pexophagy and xenophagy , p62 appears to be dispensable for mitophagy.
similarly , mitochondrial-anchored ubiquitin is sufficient to recruit p62 and promote mitochondrial clustering , but does not promote mitophagy.
additionally , we find vdac1 and vdac3 are dispensable for the recruitment of p62 , mitochondrial clustering and mitophagy.
these results demonstrate that mitochondria are aggregated by p62 , following its recruitment by parkin in a vdac1-independent manner.
they also suggest that proteins other than p62 are likely required for mitophagy downstream of parkin substrates other than vdac1.
cancer commonly occurs in elderly patients.
treatment of cancer in this population is complex as the physiologic changes of aging impact treatment decisions , tolerance , and outcomes.
this article describes key studies that highlight the merits and limitations of the cga for the evaluation of older patients with cancer.
we also discuss the practical problems of its application , which may ultimately define the feasibility of its adoption into routine clinical practice.
increased mortality is seen in dialysis patients who are elderly , have significant comorbidities , and have poor functional status.
thus , musicians offer an excellent human model for studying the brain effects of acquiring specialized sensorimotor skills.
we argue that training of this neural network may produce cross-modal effects on other behavioral or cognitive operations that draw on this network.
plasticity in this network may explain some of the sensorimotor and cognitive enhancements that have been associated with music training.
telomere shortening is a marker of aging and therefore telomere length might be related to disease progression and survival.
to address these questions , we measured leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) in male participants from the zutphen elderly study.
during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ men died.
cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
longer telomeres at baseline were not predictive for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular mortality , or cancer mortality.
these results suggest that ltl decreases with increasing age and that ltl is not related to mortality in men aged more than @number@ years.
background : middle-aged and older american men and women have almost twice the rate of diabetes of men and women in england.
this differential was not explained by conventional risk factors including age , smoking , social position and body mass index ( bmi ) .
investigation of the relative importance of such mechanisms is an important topic for further study.
these data suggest a link between specific gene expression clusters and alzheimer's disease-associated neuropathology in the prefrontal cortex.
polo-like kinase @number@ ( plk3 ) plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and stress responses.
plk3 also has a tumor-suppressing activity as aging plk3-null mice develop tumors in multiple organs.
the growth of highly vascularized tumors in plk3-null mice suggests a role for plk3 in angiogenesis and cellular responses to hypoxia.
by studying primary isogenic murine embryonic fibroblasts , we tested the hypothesis that plk3 functions as a component in the hypoxia signaling pathway.
plk3 ( - / - ) murine embryonic fibroblasts contained an enhanced level of hif-1α under hypoxic conditions.
immunoprecipitation and pulldown analyses revealed that plk3 physically interacted with hif-1α under hypoxia.
purified recombinant plk3 , but not a kinase-defective mutant , phosphorylated hif-1α in vitro , resulting in a major mobility shift.
mass spectrometry identified two unique serine residues that were phosphorylated by plk3.
combined , our study identifies plk3 as a new and essential player in the regulation of the hypoxia signaling pathway.
fibromyalgia syndrome ( fs ) frequently co-occurs with regional pain disorders.
evaluations were repeated on days @number@ and @number@
at day @number@ all placebo-treated patients requested active local therapy ( days @number@ and @number@ ) vs only three patients under active treatment.
worldwide the elderly population is increasing.
the elderly show deficiencies in immune function.
b lymphocytes are essential elements of the immune system responsible for antibody production.
recent data suggests that cox-2 expression decreases with age in mouse bone tissue.
there is no information regarding cox-2 expression in b cells from older human subjects.
we investigated the expression and activity of cox-2 in naïve and memory b cells from older people.
we show that b cells from older subjects show similar cox-2 protein expression and activity , antibody production and proliferation compared to younger people.
however , we found that activated memory b cells from older people produce higher levels of il-6 and il-10 compared to young adults.
therefore , the dysregulated cytokine production could contribute to immune senescence in the elderly.
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is accompanied by neurocognitive impairment , likely mediated by injury to various brain regions.
we evaluated brain morphological changes in patients with osa and their relationship to neuropsychological and oximetric data.
volumetric segmentation of cortical and subcortical structures and voxel-based morphometry ( vbm ) were performed.
patients and controls differed significantly in rey auditory-verbal learning test ( immediate and delayed recall ) , stroop test and digit span backward scores.
differences remained significant after controlling for comorbidities ( hypertension , diabetes , smoking , hypercholesterolemia ) .
vbm analysis showed regions of decreased gm volume in right and left hippocampus and within more lateral temporal areas in patients with osa.
we conclude that osa can increase brain susceptibility to the effects of aging and other clinical and pathological occurrences.
aging is a key risk factor associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease.
as a result of decreased nitric oxide availability , aging vessels often exhibit endothelial cell senescence and increased oxidative stress.
one of the most potent activators of no production is fluid shear stress produced by blood flow.
interestingly , age-related decrease in no production partially results from endothelial insensitivity to shear stress.
therefore , gaining a better knowledge of mechanosignaling events in endothelial cells may prove to be beneficial for developing potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "key signaling molecules in hypertrophy and heart failure. \ "
mlbs have been characterized previously as 1-4 μm diameter spherical particles covered by multiple lipid bilayers surrounding a cytoplasmic core of variable density.
integrated intensities in digital electron micrographs were related directly to protein density , which is linearly related to ri for a given substance.
the ri of the mlb interior was calculated assuming an ri value of @number@ for the cytoplasm from the literature.
calculated ri values for mlbs ranged from @number@ to @number@
thus , some mlbs appeared to have interior protein densities similar to or less than the adjacent cytoplasm whereas others had significantly higher densities.
the higher density mlbs occurred preferentially in older and more advanced cataracts suggesting a maturation process.
these spaces were frequently observed in advanced cataracts from india as large low-density crescents and annular rings.
in conclusion , the measurements confirm the high protein density and ri of some mlb interiors compared to adjacent cytoplasm.
therefore , the extent of forward scattering and its influence on macular visual acuity could be important components of ophthalmological evaluations of cataract patients.
vaccination policies in most high-income countries attempt to reduce the adverse impact of influenza targeting people aged at least @number@ years.
finally this review concludes with possible strategies to improve the ability of the senescent immune system to respond to vaccination.
obesity has been characterized as a state of chronic inflammation.
inflammatory signaling not only causes peripheral insulin resistance , but also promotes neuronal insulin and leptin resistance , which further propagates a positive energy balance.
recently , activation of toll-like receptor ( tlr ) signaling has been recognized as an alternative activator of obesity-induced inflammation.
gonadal hormones may influence cognitive function.
participants ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ years ) had undergone natural menopause and were not using hormone therapy.
estrone , total and free estradiol , and total and free testosterone levels were measured at time of the first testing.
principal-component analysis identified four cognitive factors.
keyword searches included the terms obesity , obese , overweight , menopause , and weight management interventions.
searches were combined to find reports addressing @number@ or more keywords.
experimental design studies that examined physical activity or dietary intervention effects on weight loss or body composition changes in postmenopausal women were selected for review.
reports of @number@ intervention studies met inclusion criteria from the list of @number@ generated through the database searches.
four types of interventions were tested in the @number@ research reports.
only @number@ of the @number@ used theories or models to guide the interventions.
the stroke susceptibility assessment based on the analysis of human movements is one of the potential avenues needing investigation.
various features were extracted using the sigma-lognormal model on @number@ stereotypical triangular movements performed by @number@ subjects having different health conditions.
these features were combined through a linear modeling to maximize the predictability of presence of stroke risk factors in the studied cohort.
to develop new therapies , we need to aim at alleviating widespread cellular defects in addition to those focusing on da neuronal survival.
in this pathway , pink1 functions upstream of parkin to regulate mitochondrial fission / fusion dynamics and normal mitochondrial function.
in addition to pd , defects in mitochondrial function are associated with normal aging and with many diseases of aging.
thus , insights gained from the studies of mitochondrial dynamics and quality control in drosophila are likely to be of general significance.
this review focuses on the relations of parental age to intelligence , health outcomes , longevity and other characteristics of offspring.
either teenage or advanced parental age is associated with risk of birth and health outcomes in offspring.
parental age at birth displays a negative association with offspring longevity.
parental age can also influence dominant characters , sex ratio , personality and development process of the offspring.
to fully analyze the influence of parental age on the offspring is of great significance in deciding the optimal age for parenthood.
mechanisms determining characteristic age-of-onset for neurological diseases are largely unknown.
specifically , molecular aging was remarkably conserved across cohorts and brain areas , and included numerous developmental and transcription-regulator genes.
based on these results we speculate that a \ "common mechanism \ " may underlie age-of-onset across several neurological diseases.
confirming this pathway and its regulation by common genetic variants would provide new strategies for predicting , delaying , and treating neurological diseases.
macroautophagy is a cellular process by which cytosolic components and organelles are degraded in double-membrane bound structures upon fusion with lysosomes.
recent work indicates that pink1 and parkin together maintain mitochondrial quality control by regulating mitophagy.
finally , mitophagy has been linked to aging , as impaired macroautophagy over time promotes mitochondrial dysfunction associated with the aging process.
understanding the role of mitophagy in neural function , neurodegenerative disease , and aging represents an essential goal for future research in the autophagy field.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "autophagy and protein degradation in neurological diseases. \ "
white matter lesions ( wml ) are associated with dementia and are common in brain ageing.
albumin extravasation was widespread in the ageing brain and enhanced in wml , suggesting dysfunction of the bbb may contribute to the pathogenesis of wml.
this was not accompanied by significant changes in the endothelial expression of tj proteins.
although ablative lasers result in major improvements in photodamaged skin , the related postoperative recovery time and side effects are currently unacceptable for most patients.
during the last forty years , skin resurfacing has changed dramatically.
skin rejuvenation has developed into one of the most popular indications for laser and intense pulsed light ( ipl ) treatment in dermatology.
during the past few years , nonablative skin rejuvenation with infrared lasers has become ever more popular.
current antiaging therapy consists of lasers , intense pulsed light as well as fillers , neurotoxins , radiofrequency , microdermabrasion and chemical peeling.
over the last @number@ years , lasers applications in dermatology have become more specific and often irreplaceable.
in this manuscript laser resurfacing and laser therapy of vascular and pigmented lesions of aging skin will be overviewed.
hrv has been found useful in the study of cardiological illness in adults and elders , as well as in monitoring prenatal health.
recurrence quantification demonstrates less recurrence isometry than copies randomized by shuffling ( novelty ) , and more consecutive isometries than shuffled copies indicating causal order.
these studies indicate that the normal pattern of hrv is both homeostatic and biotic.
a biotic pattern with homeostatic features ( homeobios ) is generated by combining bipolar feedback with negative feedback.
chaos and bios analyses may thus be useful in clinical studies.
stem cell transplantation is a potentially important means of treatment for a number of disorders.
two different stem cell populations of interest are mononuclear umbilical cord blood cells and menstrual blood-derived stem cells.
these cells are relatively easy to obtain , appear to be pluripotent , and are immunologically immature.
additionally , we investigated whether these errors were benefited by phonemic cues , and similarly to sd , our ad patients had small improvement.
signal transducer and activator of transcription @number@ ( stat3 ) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in heart development and protection.
the purpose of this article is 2-fold.
first , the authors summarize some recent insights into the function of stat3.
the hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin is the principal regulator of iron absorption and its tissue distribution.
pathologically increased hepcidin concentrations cause or contribute to iron-restrictive anemias including anemias associated with inflammation , chronic kidney disease and some cancers.
hepcidin deficiency results in iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis and ineffective erythropoiesis.
the mechanisms of vascular control of thrombotic events remain unclear.
the vasculature possesses essential anticoagulant factors that regulate coagulation.
object : degenerative changes of the interspinous ligaments ( isls ) have generally been ignored in previous studies.
in this study , the authors evaluated the reliability of a proposed mr imaging grading system of isl degeneration ( isld ) .
they also investigated the relationship between isld and aging , disc / facet joint degeneration , and lumbar segmental motion.
an mr imaging based grading system for isld was developed and ranged from grade a ( mild ) to grade d ( severe ) .
the reliability was tested , and the correlation of the grade with the severity of the disc and facet joint degeneration was examined.
the segmental motion of each functional unit was measured using flexion / extension mr imaging , and their relationships with isl grades were identified.
the kappa coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver agreements were substantial to excellent ( intraobserver [ @number@ ] and interobserver [ @number@.721 0.807 ] ) .
grade d was observed primarily in elderly patients.
segmental motion tended to decrease in the most severe grade , with a significant difference in angular mobility.
conclusions : the authors proposed a reliable and reproducible grading system that may be used to investigate spinal kinematics in association with isld.
the authors ' findings illustrated the distribution of isld grades.
the most severe grade occurred primarily in elderly patients.
mobility decreased in the most severe grade ; therefore , the stage of isld should be taken into consideration when evaluating spinal stability.
the goal of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with decreased survival for older patients who underwent resection of a gbm.
the identification of these factors may provide insight into which patients would benefit most from aggressive surgery.
variables with p < @number@ were considered statistically significant.
results : a total of @number@ patients with an average age of @number@ ± @number@ years met the inclusion / exclusion criteria.
at last follow-up , all @number@ patients had died , with a median survival of @number@ months.
conclusions : older patients with an increasing number of these factors may not benefit as much from aggressive surgery as patients with fewer factors.
this may provide insight into identifying which patients older than @number@ years of age may benefit from aggressive surgery.
in this chapter we review the different technologies that can be applied in the analysis of protein homeostasis and metabolism in aging research.
special focus will be on technologies with a potential to circumvent the problems associated with cell heterogeneity in biomarker discovery.
often studies aimed at increasing our understanding of cellular senescence take advantage of model systems.
this can be in the form of cell culture , where specific celllines are cultivated , thus undergoing cellular senescence according to the hayflick phenomenon.
alternatively , model organisms can be included , such as yeast , nematodes and zebra fish.
the complexity is further increased when taking the step from model systems of aging to human aging.
additional decrements in muscle growth factors compromise skeletal muscle growth , differentiation , survival and regeneration.
the animal's ability to maintain homeostasis in response to different environments can influence its survival.
this chapter will discuss the mechanisms by which environmental cues act through sensory pathways to influence hormone secretion and homeostasis.
interestingly , recent studies also show that there is a sensory influence on lifespan that requires the modulation of hormonal signaling activities.
thus , this raises the possibility that the sensory influence on homeostasis underlies the sensory influence on lifespan.
ubiquitination ofendogenous proteins is one of the key regulatory steps that guides protein degradation through regulation of proteasome activity.
since in most instances ubiquitination is the primary event in target selection , the system ofubiquitination and deubiquitination might be of similar importance.
furthermore , ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation are not completely congruent , since ubiquitination confers also functions different from targeting proteins for degradation.
sumoylation substrates are numerous and diverse and modification by sumo is involved in many biological functions , including the response to stress.
further connections between the sumo pathway and the aging process remain to be elucidated.
the stability of the proteome is crucial to the health of the cell , and contributes significantly to the lifespan of the organism.
aging and many age-related diseases have in common the expression of misfolded and damaged proteins.
the chronic expression of damaged proteins during disease can have devastating consequences on protein homeostasis ( proteostasis ) , resulting in disruption ofnumerous biological processes.
preserving the integrity of proteins , biomolecules prone to molecular damage , is a fundamental function of all biological systems.
impairments in protein quality control ( pqc ) may lead to degenerative processes , such as aging and various disorders and diseases.
fortunately , cells contain a hierarchical system of pathways coping protein damage.
specific molecular pathways detect misfolded proteins and act either to unfold or degrade them.
degradation of proteins generates peptides and amino acids that can be used for remodelling of impaired pathways and cellular functions.
at increased levels of cellular damage whole organelles can be removed via autophagy , a process that depends on the activity oflysosomes.
molecular damage of cellular compartments is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
ros is generated via different cellular pathways and frequently arises in the mitochondrial electron transport chain as a by-product of oxygenic energy transduction.
consequently , mitochondrial proteins are under high risk to become damaged.
during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases components of this pqc system , including lon protease present in the mitochondrial matrix , become functionally impaired.
cellular homeostasis , which is needed for the cells to survive , requires a well-controlled balance in protein turnover.
both protein synthesis and degradation are influenced by distinct genetic pathways that control aging in divergent eukaryotic species.
thus , conditions that favor protein synthesis can enhance the rate at which damaged proteins accumulate.
in this chapter , the molecular mechanisms by which protein synthesis-promoting longevity pathways and protein degradation pathways interact with each other are discussed.
autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for cellular homeostasis and organismal viability.
in fact , this pathway is one of the major protein degradation mechanisms in eukaryotic cells.
homeostasis is a key feature of cellular lifespan.
this \ "readjustment \ " has been shown to have a great impact on retention of cellular homeostasis since it promotes lifespan extension.
growth and somatic maintenance are thought to be antagonistic piciotropic traits , but the molecular basis for this tradeoff is poorly understood.
furthermore , dietary restriction ( dr ) that leads to antagonistic changes in growth and lifespan , also mediates this change by inhibiting protein synthesis.
appropriate regulation of mrna translation is essential for growth and survival and the pathways that regulate mrna translation have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution.
translation is controlled by a complex set of mechanisms acting at multiple levels , ranging from global protein synthesis to individual mrnas.
many of these translation control factors can be mapped to a single pathway downstream of the nutrient responsive target of rapamycin ( tor ) kinase.
iterations in the rate and extent of protein synthesis , accuracy , post-translational modifications and turnover are among the main molecular characteristics of aging.
we also assess the extent to which these patterns vary by gender , race , and education.
findings indicate indirect effects of religious attendance on mattering through divine control beliefs and the frequency of social contact.
praying increases mattering indirectly only through divine control beliefs.
moreover , divine control beliefs are more strongly associated with mattering among women , african americans , and individuals with less education.
heavy / binge drinking was defined as the consumption of 4 + drinks for men and 3 + drinks for women per drinking day.
substantial differences between male and female heavy drinkers were found in sociodemographics , health status , and social support and social engagement.
depression screening and treatment for older men should be accompanied by alcohol screening and treatment and vice versa.
the hemispheres of the human brain are functionally and structurally asymmetric.
the study of structural asymmetries provides important clues to the neuroanatomical basis of lateralized brain functions.
previous studies have demonstrated age-related changes in morphology and diffusion properties of brain tissue.
to eliminate the potential confounding effects of aging and handedness , we restricted the study to right-handed subjects aged 21-29 years.
there was no significant effect of sex on gray and white matter asymmetry.
leftward volume asymmetry of the planum temporale and leftward fa asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus were simultaneously demonstrated.
background and objective : q-switched nd : yag lasers produce photoacoustic effects in addition to photothermal effects which may allow for greater tissue collagen production.
materials and methods : sixteen subjects with photoaging were enrolled in this prospective , randomized , split-faced study.
subjects received @number@ bi-weekly laser treatments.
one half of the face was treated with a single pulse while the other half was treated with energies divided into a dp.
subjects also rated the tolerability of the treatments.
on the dp side , the overall improvement was good to excellent at a @percent@ rate by the investigators and @percent@ by the subjects.
distributions of improved ratings among investigators and subjects were similar for both sides of the treatment area.
unlabelled : automated software was used to measure the mandibular cortical width in a large sample of dental radiographs.
we determined that cortical thinning normally starts in women at age @number@ years and accelerates thereafter.
we can estimate population referral rates and thus enable cost benefit analyses for osteoporosis detection by dentists.
mandibular cortical width can be determined automatically from dental panoramic radiographs that dentists frequently request , using appropriate software.
we study the distribution of cortical width given age to predict those patients requiring further investigation for osteoporosis.
methods : the mandibular cortical width was measured in @number@ dental panoramic tomograms , in patients aged 15-94 years.
the inferior and superior cortical edges were detected automatically using a global active shape model image search , followed by an active appearance model search.
nonparametric statistical analysis and nonlinear piecewise linear / quadratic regression were used to analyse the data.
urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor ( upar ) plays a role in cellular responses which include cellular adhesion , differentiation , proliferation and migration.
the aim of this study was to clarify the role of upar on the development of adipose tissue.
to clarify the role of upar on adipogenesis , we examined the effect of upar overexpression and upar deficiency on the adipocyte differentiation.
the upar deficiency attenuated differentiation media-induced adipocyte differentiation.
we also found that an increase of the adipose tissue mass in upar- / - mice was less than that observed in wild-type mice.
the present results suggest that upar plays a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissue through pi3k / akt pathway.
background : resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol with purported protecting action on various disorders associated with aging.
( @number@ ) j pharmacol exp ther 318 : 238-245 ) .
mgo was shown to modify proteins and to contribute to the accumulation of damaged proteins that can be toxic to cells.
however , the effect of mgo on the cell systems responsible for repairing or degrading damaged proteins is still unclear.
moreover , mgo significantly decreases the proteolytic activity of the 20s proteasome.
the formation of large aggregates containing chip is a consequence of its binding to misfolded proteins and to molecular chaperones.
background : telomeres shorten as cells divide.
this shortening is compensated by the enzyme telomerase.
the frequency of the g allele was @number@ and @number@ in white and black , respectively.
testing for association between tl and rs2293607 was performed using linear regression models or variance component analysis conditioning on relatedness among subjects.
type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) is more prevalent among african-american ( aa ) than european-american ( ea ) women for reasons that are unknown.
total % body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , and intra-abdominal adiposity ( iaat ) by computed tomography.
greater @date@ phi1 , and phi ( tot ) among aa were independent of s ( i ) .
advancing age was associated with greater phi2 among both ea and aa.
to conclude , inherent ethnic differences in β-cell function exist independently of adiposity and s ( i ) .
future research should examine whether ethnic differences in β-cell physiology contribute to disparities in t2d risk.
the subcutaneous fat compartments of the face may be differentially affected by facial aging.
methods : to better understand the cause of age-associated changes in the perioral area , a cadaver dissection study was performed.
eight fresh and fixed cadavers with evidence of perioral fullness were used in anatomical dissection.
anatomical observations and histologic examination were used to describe the age-related changes in this area.
after describing the defect , the authors present a surgical approach to rejuvenation of this region , tailored to the findings in this anatomical study.
results : histologic sections demonstrated a lipomatous area without defined ligamentous attachments or encapsulations.
chambers of adipocytes in the hypodermis were separated by thin fibroseptations : a scaffold in the structural support of this region.
superficial lipodystrophy defines thisfacial region in the cadaver specimens.
the end result is a fatty , ptotic perioral mound of tissue that is not well addressed by conventional rhytidectomy.
this cadaver study has increased the authors ' understanding of the perioral region and allowed them to improve results in its rejuvenation.
the senior author's preferred approach is liposculpture with fine-cannula liposuction.
the patient was akinetic with mutism , and clonic perseveration induced in the upper limbs was evident while she was examined.
heart attack , massive stroke , or intracranial bleed were ruled out , and an electroencephalogram showed no epileptiform activity.
thorough clinical assessment and early use of mri scanning will assist physicians with a more accurate diagnosis of older adults with this kind of presentation.
it is a computer-guided system that delivers treatment through compressed air molecules of ha to the dermal layer of the skin.
methods : the authors treated @number@ patients ( a total of @number@ treatment sessions ) with the airgent system between @date@ and @date@ .
each patient received three treatments at three- to four-week intervals.
each patient's skin thickness was measured with ultrasonography pretreatment , immediately after each session , and at six months posttreatment.
results : seven days after the last procedure , an increase in skin thickness was observed in all patients.
the most significant differences were noted in the upper lip area , where the thickness had increased by an average of @number@ mm.
objective : to determine whether and how protease inhibitors ( pis ) could affect vascular aging.
methods and results : hiv therapy with pis is associated with an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease.
senescence markers were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) from hiv-infected patients under pi treatment.
pis induced senescence markers , prelamin a accumulation , oxidative stress , and inflammation in hcaecs.
senescence markers and prelamin a were also observed in pbmcs from hiv-infected patients under ritonavir-boosted pis.
pravastatin , fti-277 , and antioxidants improved pi adverse effects in hcaecs.
senescence markers were lower in pbmcs from pi-treated patients cotreated with statins.
conclusions : pis triggered premature senescence in endothelial cells by a mechanism involving prelamin a accumulation.
thus , pis might promote vascular senescence in hiv-infected patients ; and statins might exert beneficial effects in these patients.
recent research has focused on natural compounds possibly endowed with antiaging effects.
we studied the effect of resveratrol on cultured human mrc5 fibroblasts , a widely used in vitro model in aging studies.
a reduction in the levels of acetylated forms of h3 and h4 histones and p53 protein was also found.
we evaluated the genetic contribution to life span using historical data from three alpine communities in south tyrol , italy.
heritability estimates were little influenced by shared environment , most likely due to the homogeneity of lifestyle and environmental factors in our study population.
life span showed both positive association and genetic correlation with reproductive history factors.
background : elevated serum urate levels can lead to gout and are associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
the effect of the most significant single-nucleotide polymorphism at all genome-wide significant loci on serum urate was added to create a genetic urate score.
findings were replicated in the women's genome health study ( n = 22 @number@ ) .
only @number@ loci ( slc2a9 , abcg2 ) showed genome-wide significant association with gout.
the lack of association between the genetic score and the latter phenotypes also was observed in the women's genome health study.
limb venous compliance decreases with advancing age , even in healthy humans.
calf venous compliance was ∼30% lower ( p < @number@ ) in older compared with young men before adrenergic blockade.
moreover , during adrenergic blockade differences in calf venous compliance between young and older men observed before adrenergic blockade persisted.
time-varying estimates of the autoregulation index [ ari ( t ) ] were obtained with an autoregressive-moving average model with coefficients expanded by orthogonal decomposition.
the temporal pattern of ari ( t ) varied inversely with pet ( co ( @number@ ) ) , decreasing with hypercapnia.
no significant differences were found in ari ( t ) due to aging.
hematoproliferative change was characterized as exuberant proliferation of hematopoietic cells within the spleen that distorted but did not displace normal splenic morphologic features.
the hematopoietic cells were of mixed lineage , but one type , often erythroid , predominated.
cellular atypia was present in all mice with hematoproliferative change , and dysplasia was present in five of eight examined.
one case was differentiated toward myeloid proliferation , suggesting granulocytic leukemia.
affected mice had other neoplasms , such as lymphoma and anemia.
purpose : to test the relationship between degree of hearing loss and different memory systems in hearing aid users.
this held true for both ears , even when age was accounted for.
visual acuity alone , or in combination with auditory acuity , did not contribute to any acceptable sem solution.
the hearing aid industry should strive to design signal processing algorithms that are cognition friendly.
while it is well known that working memory functions decline with age , the functional reasons for this decline are not well understood.
a factor that has proven critical for general individual differences in visual working memory capacity is the efficiency of filtering irrelevant information.
here , we examine to what degree this factor is also responsible for age differences in working memory.
young and old participants performed a change-detection task where some items in the encoding display were marked as irrelevant.
@number@
neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory.
nature.
438 : 500-503. ) .
older adults showed smaller filtering scores than young adults , but only early in the retention interval , suggesting that efficient filtering was delayed.
in contrast , age-independent individual differences in filtering were reflected primarily later in the retention interval.
however , data on reference ranges for rotem parameters in children are scarce.
subjects were grouped as follows : 0-3 , 4-12 , 13-24 months , 2-5 , 6-10 , and 11-16 yr.
results : data from @number@ subjects remained for final analysis.
except for extrinsically activated clot strength and lysis , parameters for rotem assays were significantly different among all age groups.
lysis indices of < 85% were observed in nearly one-third of all children without increased bleeding tendency.
platelet count and fibrinogen levels correlated significantly with clot strength , and fibrinogen levels correlated with fibrin polymerization.
conclusions : reference ranges for rotem assays were determined for all paediatric age groups.
these values will be helpful when monitoring paediatric patients and in studies of perioperative coagulation in children.
this study compared the effects of age on the perception of translational , radial , and rotational global motion patterns.
coherence thresholds decreased as dot contrast increased asymptoting at high dot contrasts but were higher in elderly compared to young participants.
the effect of contrast interacted with the temporal sampling rate.
old participants were deleteriously affected by reduced temporal sampling particularly at low contrasts.
the integration and control of systemic immune responses depends on the regulated trafficking of t-lymphocytes.
this study elucidates how various exercises regimens with / without hypoxia affect phenotypic characteristics of t-lymphocyte subsets in blood.
fifty sedentary males were randomly divided into five groups.
these findings can help to determine an effective hypoxic exercise regimen to minimize immune dysfunction by retarding t-lymphocyte senescence.
unlabelled : sufficient vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive reactivity of cerebral arterioles is an important prerequisite for adequate capillary perfusion.
to appreciate its capacity during aging and to elucidate its impact on parenchymal integrity we undertook a correlation using ultrasonography and brain mri.
their extent of leukoaraiosis measured by the fazekas scale was correlated with their vasoregulatory capacity.
the mca deceleration post-hyperventilation by @percent@ in young people decreases to @percent@ and to @percent@ respectively in the older categories.
conclusion : the extent of vasoregulatory capacity during aging decreases along with the decreasing basic mfv.
its effect on the initial stages of leukoaraiosis is minimal.
we excluded individuals with moderate and severe carotid stenosis.
bhi values were @number@.66±0.20 in the first group , @number@.35±0.31 in the second and @number@.69±0.30 in the third group.
background : colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in germany.
screening colonoscopies have been offered as a primary screening tool in germany since the end of @number@
design : markov model with single-year transitions.
setting : german screening colonoscopy program.
patients : participants in the screening colonoscopy program from @number@ to @number@
interventions : screening colonoscopy with the removal of advanced colorectal neoplasms.
main outcome measurements : the expected numbers of incident colorectal cancers prevented by detection and removal of advanced adenomas.
this number exceeds the number of colorectal cancers diagnosed in @number@ by @percent@.
limitations : diagnoses of advanced adenomas are based on records from a large number of endoscopists and pathology laboratories.
macular pigment ( mp ) selectively filters short-wave light and may improve visual performance via this mechanism.
this study was designed to test the hypothesis that mp alters contrast between an object and its background , and thus alters the object's detectability.
in order to test this hypothesis , participants of a variety of ages were recruited into two groups.
group @number@ consisted of @number@ healthy elderly subjects ( m = @number@ sd = @number@ years ) .
group @number@ consisted of @number@ healthy younger subjects ( m = @number@ sd = @number@ years ) .
for all subjects , contrast thresholds were assessed in maxwellian-view.
all subjects adjusted the intensity of the surround until the target was no longer visible.
mp density was assessed psychophysically.
our data suggest that mp modifies an object's contrast against a short-wave background via simple filtration.
distal mcao was induced by electrocoagulation , and hesc-derived npcs were transplanted into the infarct cavity @number@ weeks later.
we conclude that advanced age does not preclude a beneficial response to npc transplantation following experimental stroke.
gene expression profiles were measured , analyzed , and entered into a newly generated database referred to as the gisao database.
several candidate genes obtained through this analysis have been confirmed by functional experiments , thereby validating the experimental approach.
we identified several genes whose deletion led to significant changes of chronological lifespan in yeast , featuring both lifespan shortening and lifespan extension.
in conclusion , an unbiased screen across species uncovered several so far unrecognized molecular pathways for cellular aging that are conserved in evolution.
aging is accompanied by inexorable loss of muscle tissue.
one of the underlying causes for this is the massive change in the hormonal milieu of the body.
in conclusion , long-term use of hrt was associated with subtle , but significant , differences in muscle transcript profiles.
the aging process is frequently characterized by an involuntary loss of muscle ( sarcopenia ) and bone ( osteoporosis ) mass.
a thorough evaluation of renal function is important , since renal function decreases with age.
finally , protein and calcium intake should be considered in the prevention or treatment of the chronic diseases osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
three intervention studies using sesamin supplements indicated possible lipid- and blood pressure-lowering associations.
eleven human observational epidemiological studies examined dietary intakes of lignans in relation to cardiovascular disease risk.
at the higher doses used in intervention studies , associations were more evident.
some loss of visual performance may therefore precede retinal structural changes that can be detected reliably using conventional fundus imaging techniques.
methods : patients with varying severity of amd and diabetes and normal subjects of similar age were recruited for the study.
the aim was to evaluate cvep in children with red-green congenital colour vision deficiency.
vep responses of @number@ colour deficient children were compared to @number@ children with normal colour vision.
an isoluminant red-green stimulus composed of horizontal gratings was presented in an onset-offset manner.
stereoscopic depth perception utilizes the disparity cues between the images that fall on the retinae of the two eyes.
the purpose of this study was to determine what role aging and optical blur play in stereoscopic disparity sensitivity for real depth stimuli.
forty-six volunteers were tested ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
crossed and uncrossed disparity thresholds were measured using white light under conditions of best optical correction.
the uncrossed disparity thresholds were also measured with optical blur ( from @number@.0d to @number@.0d added to the best correction ) .
stereothresholds were measured using the frisby stereo test , which utilizes a four-alternative forced-choice staircase procedure.
contrary to previous reports , disparity thresholds increased between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years.
this finding should be taken into account in clinical evaluation of visual function of older patients.
optical blur degrades visual acuity and stereoacuity similarly under white-light conditions , indicating that both functions are affected proportionally by optical defocus.
we found a significant decrease in chromatic sensitivity due to ageing , in particular along the tritan line.
from the unique hue settings we derived the cone weightings associated with the colour mechanisms that are at equilibrium for the four unique hues.
our results are consistent with previous findings that the unique hues are rather constant with age while chromatic sensitivity declines.
they also provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that higher-order colour mechanisms are equipped with flexible cone weightings , as opposed to fixed weights.
the mechanism underlying this compensation is still poorly understood.
image colors were then rendered from the adapted channels ' outputs.
a new technique for the measurement of mpod spatial profiles has been developed by overcoming the current shortcomings associated with the use of visual displays.
two other useful parameters are also computed from the same measurements.
these describe the subject's sensitivity to rapid flicker and the absorption of blue light by the lens.
the results confirm previous findings on ageing effects and demonstrate the complete absence of correlation between mpod and the subject's yb chromatic thresholds.
in contrast , rg chromatic sensitivity improves with higher levels of mpod.
this article outlines some advances in scientific technologies and new ways of thinking in science , which lead to new insights into skin biology.
how these innovations may impact and be leveraged into the development of new products in pc is also discussed.
for example , fundamental discoveries in skin biology and the advancement of scientific methodologies are enabling step changes in technology in pc.
two examples of areas where we have seen much advancement are discussed.
the correction of volume loss has become an important part of facial rejuvenation treatments , particularly in the midface region.
techniques to date have largely relied on multiple injections , fanning techniques and deep placement of product under muscle or on periosteum.
the technique approaches midface rejuvenation with reference to both the bony skeleton and the medial malar fat compartment.
after appropriately marking the skin , the filler is placed using a blunt cannula.
the treatment achieves satisfactory volume correction , enhancing the sharp cheek bones and malar fullness typical of an attractive adult face.
the approach is simple , quick , and well tolerated by the patient and may result in less bruising than deeper techniques.
new developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market.
we assessed the top anti-aging creams currently on the market specifically evaluating their botanical ingredients.
background : there are many different visible signs of skin aging.
these include wrinkles , hyperpigmentation , lack of firmness , poor texture , enlarged pores , and dryness.
salicin , an extract from white willow bark , has been researched as a potent anti-inflammatory agent when taken orally.
based on unpublished in-house comprehensive consumer clinical studies , it is believed salicin may have anti-aging capabilities when applied topically to human skin.
aim : this research evaluated the effect of a topical serum formulation containing salicin at @percent@ on the visible signs of skin aging.
subjects used the study serum product containing @percent@ salicin on their face twice daily for @number@ weeks.
digital photography , ultrasound , cutometry , and corneometry measurements were also performed at each time point.
results : twenty-nine of @number@ subjects successfully completed the study.
no tolerability issues were reported.
cutometry , corneometry , and ultrasound measurements showed significant improvements at week @number@ time point ( p ≤ @number@ ) against baseline.
background : anti-aging effects of high concentrations of salicylic acid ( sa ) peels are commonly known.
like all acids , sa can produce somatosensory and visible irritation to the skin and as such may be unsuitable for subjects with sensitive skin.
aims : to provide evidence that sodium salicylate ( ss ) obtained from neutralization of @percent@ sa by sodium hydroxide can deliver significant anti-aging benefits.
results : in the first study ss produced significant increases of the fibrillin and collagen-1 anti-aging biomarkers compared with the untreated skin control.
a commercially available retinol cream delivered similar effects to ss.
equally , non-expert graders recorded the ss formulation superior to its placebo.
all three studies demonstrate the significant anti-aging effects of ss that are especially suitable for subjects with sensitive skin.
skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in fair-skinned populations in many parts of the world.
the incidence , morbidity and mortality rates of skin cancers are increasing and , therefore , pose a significant public health concern.
ultraviolet radiation ( uvr ) is the major etiologic agent in the development of skin cancers.
uvr causes dna damage and genetic mutations , which subsequently lead to skin cancer.
a clearer understanding of uvr is crucial in the prevention of skin cancer.
this article reviews uvr , its damaging effects on the skin and its relationship to uv immunosuppression and skin cancer.
the current treatment modalities utilizing uvr ( i.e. phototherapy ) can also predispose to skin cancers.
unnecessary exposure to the sun and artificial uvr ( tanning lamps ) are important personal attributable risks.
the prediction model was internally validated using resampling techniques.
outcome measure.
overweight at the age of @number@ years.
results : a total of @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the children were overweight at @number@ years of age.
from the model , a decision rule was derived by which an overweight score could be calculated.
conclusion : the risk of overweight at the age of @number@ years can be predicted with six characteristics that are available at birth.
the decision rule developed in this study may help to target early preventive measures against overweight in high-risk children.
methods : we used data from the danish national birth cohort.
life course path analyses were used to obtain effect estimates of the rates of gain on the offspring's bmi.
fetal environmental factors may influence the unborn child differently depending on timing of exposure.
therefore , it may be important to consider the different fetal developmental stages when linking early life experiences with later health.
however , there is limited empirical evidence on the probability that overweight progresses to obesity in contemporary children.
aim.
to quantify progression from overweight to obesity in a large contemporary cohort of children.
obesity was defined as bmi z-score ≥1.64 and overweight defined as bmi z-score ≥1.04 but < 1.64.
objective : to determine the effectiveness of cardiac drugs for reducing mortality in the elderly medicare hf population.
study design : retrospective , survey-weighted , cohort analysis of the @number@ medicare current beneficiary survey cost and use files.
participants : @number@ @number@ beneficiaries , of whom @number@ had a diagnosis of hf and @number@ were eligible to receive cardiac drugs.
measurements : association between mortality and cardiac drugs , adjusted for sociodemographics , co-morbidity and propensity to receive cardiac drugs.
results : the mortality rate among the @number@ eligible beneficiaries with hf was @percent@.
conclusions : use of guideline-recommended cardiac drugs is associated with reduced mortality in the elderly medicare hf population.
providing evidence of the benefit of cardiac drugs among the elderly with hf will become increasingly important as the size of the medicare population grows.
background : under-treatment is frequently present in geriatric patients.
patients and methods : the geriatric outpatients evaluated in this study had previously been included in a prospective descriptive study conducted in @number@
demographic data , medical history , co-morbidity and medication use and changes were documented.
the absence of drugs indicated for frequently under-treated conditions before and after cga was compared.
under-treatment was defined as omission of drug therapy indicated for the treatment or prevention of @number@ established diseases or conditions known to be frequently under-treated.
co-morbid conditions were independently classified by two geriatricians , who determined whether or not a condition represented a contraindication to use of these drugs.
results : in @number@ @number@ geriatric outpatients were referred for cga.
of these , @number@ patients had at least one of the @number@ selected diseases or conditions.
thirty-two of these patients were excluded from the analysis , leaving @number@ patients.
before cga , @number@ of these patients were under-treated ( @percent@ ) ; after cga , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were under-treated.
contraindications were present in @number@ of the patients ( @percent@ ) and were more frequent in under-treated patients.
after cga , mean drug use and the prevalence of polypharmacy increased.
although @number@ drugs were discontinued after cga , the overall number of drugs used increased from @number@ before cga to @number@ after cga.
five times more drugs were initiated for a new diagnosis than for correction of under-treatment.
conclusions : under-treatment is significantly reduced after cga.
patients with contraindications to indicated medicines are more frequently under-treated.
cga leads to an increase in polypharmacy , mainly because of new conditions being diagnosed and despite frequent discontinuation of medications.
background : antipsychotics , especially atypical agents , are widely used in the elderly population to treat behavioural and psychiatric symptoms.
patients taking atypical antipsychotics were matched with patients taking typical antipsychotics using the greedy @number@ → @number@ matching technique.
a total of @number@ cases of falls / fractures with at least one hospitalization / er visit following the use of antipsychotic agents were identified.
the number of cases with falls / fractures was @number@ in atypical antipsychotic users and @number@ in typical antipsychotic users.
however , there is a need to be cautious while prescribing atypical and typical antipsychotics in older adults for long periods of time.
despite this conclusive evidence of efficacy , several studies have shown that ' real world ' use of avk in patients with af is suboptimal.
objective : to analyse the barriers to the prescription of avk therapy , with special attention on geriatric characteristics.
data from comprehensive geriatric assessments were collected from computerized medical charts.
results : analysis of data from the @number@ medical charts showed that @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) presented with af.
among the @number@ patients ( @percent@ women ) , @percent@ were living in an institution before admission.
the mean ± sd number of daily classes of drugs received at admission was @number@ ± @number@ ( median @number@ range 0-20 ) .
forty-nine percent of patients had not received any avk treatment before admission.
similarly , the proportion of geriatric problems ( cognitive , malnutrition , depression and falls ) did not differ between these two groups.
conclusions : almost half of the patients presenting with af did not receive any avk therapy before admission.
it is possible that combinations of impairments and geriatric characteristics were barriers to the prescription of avk therapy across the whole of this population.
introduction : congestive heart failure ( chf ) , which typically affects older people , is characterized by high short- and mid-term mortality rates.
one reason for this appears to be a concern about a possible risk of bradyarrhythmia associated with use of β-blockers.
telecardiology has recently been investigated as a means of constantly monitoring the heart rate of chf patients in their homes.
its use may allay concerns about the risk of bradyarrhythmia and facilitate a more widespread use of β-blockers in this context.
patients were followed up over @number@ months.
a reduction in nitrate administration compared with baseline was also seen in the tm group.
however , larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
contributions to international congresses on breast cancer in @number@ were also included.
sixteen papers focusing on complementary treatment were also rejected.
the remaining @number@ articles were extensively reviewed.
the selection of described qol measurements was very heterogeneous in these @number@ studies.
the general limitations of qol assessment in the elderly population are discussed in the review.
surgery , when considered from a technical point of view , does not differ significantly with patient age.
furthermore , age in itself should not be a contraindication to breast-conserving surgery ( bcs ) because qol appears somewhat better after conservative surgical treatment.
avoiding axillary surgery and undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection in elderly patients are both associated with better short-term qol.
however , conventional axillary surgery has little effect on long-term qol in older women.
a potential alternative to conventional postoperative radiotherapy after bcs in the future is the intraoperative radiotherapy technique.
chemotherapy has considerable effects on qol in breast cancer patients.
most studies found that overall qol was maintained or improved in patients receiving either aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen but patients reported different adverse effects.
for the majority of older breast cancer survivors , cancer-specific well-being and general emotional health do not change substantially after a breast cancer diagnosis.
future studies that include qol measurements should also provide details on the data collection and quality control methodologies used.
the prevalence of chronic pain increases with age , exceeding @percent@ in individuals aged ≥65 years.
older patients have an increased risk of these aes and are more likely to take multiple medications that can potentially interact with nsaids.
given these risks , recent guidelines for the management of chronic pain in the elderly recommend using nsaids rarely and only in carefully selected patients.
safe pain management in older patients therefore requires cautious choice of selective and nonselective oral nsaids , topical nsaids or non-nsaid analgesics.
many older people in the uk are at risk of developing and dying from heat-related illnesses during a heatwave.
the aims of this article are to define the term heatwave and identify the normal thermoregulatory responses to hot weather.
the effects of the ageing process on thermoregulatory responses are discussed and the presenting symptoms of heat exhaustion and heatstroke are outlined.
finally , the treatment of heat-related illnesses and their prevention are explained.
dietetic technicians , registered , provide support to rds in the assessment and implementation of individualized nutrition care.
individual rights and freedom of choice are important components of the assessment process.
an rd must assess each older adult's risks vs benefits for therapeutic diets.
older adults select housing options that provide a range of services from minimal assistance to 24-hour skilled nursing care.
food is an important part of any living arrangement and an essential component for quality of life.
including older individuals in decisions about food can increase the desire to eat and improve quality of life.
dietetic technicians , registered , assist registered dietitians in the assessment and implementation of individualized nutrition care.
health care practitioners must assess risks vs benefits of therapeutic diets , especially for older adults.
including older individuals in decisions about food can increase the desire to eat and improve quality of life.
these trends are consistent across countries , and apply even to populations with record-low variability in the length of life.
we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using buccal swab brushes in comparison with blood samples for obtaining dna for large epidemiological studies of the elderly population.
the total cost of the two procedures was determined.
similar rates of amplification were obtained with the two techniques.
using the buccal swab , the savings was us $ 6.72 per patient ( p < @number@ ) .
the effectiveness was similar.
methods : a prospective study on patients with lung cancer was conducted in three regions of quebec , canada.
patients completed , at baseline , several validated questionnaires regarding their psychosocial characteristics and their perceived level of fp involvement.
results were regrouped according to cancer phase.
mixed models with repeated measurements were performed to identify variation in distress and qol.
these associations remained statistically significant even after controlling for age , gender , and presence of metastases.
other studies should be conducted to further explore fp role in cancer supportive care.
a single-blinded , dermatologist evaluated standardized digital facial images for overall photodamage , erythema / telangiectasias , hyperpigmentation , number of lentigines , and wrinkling.
low scores for specific photodamage parameters including erythema / telangiectasias , hyperpigmentation , and wrinkling were also significantly associated with vitamin d insufficiency.
our results suggest an association between skin aging and 25 ( oh ) d levels.
these references may help physicians accurately assess hsa results and aid researchers in making interracial comparisons of the indices.
introduction : hip geometry is expected to improve hip fracture risk assessment , which is usually assessed by bone mineral density ( bmd ) alone.
we aimed to establish a reference database for japanese women.
mean hsa indices were determined for each 5-year age group after adjustment for height and weight based on most recent japanese population values.
age-related changes in csa and ct were almost identical to that of bmd.
japanese subjects exhibited bmd and ct values similar to those reported for us non-hispanic white women , but had 16-23% smaller sm values.
csa and ct were highly correlated with conventional bmd , whereas ed , sm , and pd showed lower correlations.
conclusions : age-specific reference values of hsa indices for the japanese female population were obtained.
this database will form the foundation for accurate hsa result evaluation.
methods : this is a prospective observational study ( canadian task force @date@ performed in a tertiary referral center.
a total of @number@ women with pelvic organ prolapse , pop-q stage ≥ @number@ underwent a pelvic floor repair that included prolift.
late mesh exposure was significantly more common in sexually active patients ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : prolift repair has a high anatomical success rate.
young age and sexual activity are risk factors for mesh exposure.
a comprehensive picture of the management of hypertension in the increasing elderly population in singapore is lacking.
nearly three-fourths ( @percent@ ) of participants were found to have hypertension.
among those aware of their hypertension , only @percent@ were untreated.
however , nearly two-thirds ( @percent@ ) of treated hypertensives had suboptimal control.
although the specific ' at-risk ' subgroups varied by the outcome , men and malays had consistently higher odds for all three unfavorable outcomes.
there is a need to improve awareness , treatment and especially control of hypertension among elderly singaporeans.
methods : the standardized effect of age on muscle fatigue was computed for @number@ studies ( @number@ standardized effects ) .
standardized effects were coded as positive when less fatigue was reported in older individuals compared with young individuals.
results : the overall standardized effect of age on muscle fatigue was positive ( @number@ ) .
conclusion : this review provides the first quantitative analysis of the effect of study design on age-related differences in muscle fatigue.
however , the results also suggest that older adults develop greater fatigue during dynamic contractions , particularly when the decline in power is assessed.
studies that verify this latter outcome are needed , as are studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms of fatigue.
background : subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a devastating disease with high mortality and morbidity.
the incidence of sah increases with advancing age.
data on angiographic vasospasm , dinds , and tcd abnormalities were prospectively recorded as well as baseline characteristics and treatment data.
patient age was considered in @number@ ways : as a continuous variable , dichotomized at age @number@ years , and categorized by decade.
results : the proportions of patients with angiographic vasospasm , dinds , and tcd abnormalities were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : age does not seem to be a significant predictor for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
declines in muscular strength resulting from reduced neural activity may influence the reduction in aerobic capacity in older men.
however , there has been little investigation into the relationship between muscular strength and economy of movement during aerobic exercise in elderly subjects.
thus , the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between strength , aerobic performance , and neuromuscular economy in older men.
peak oxygen uptake , maximal workload , and ventilatory threshold were determined during a ramp protocol on a cycle ergometer.
throughout the same protocol , the neuromuscular economy ( electromyographic signal ) of the vastus lateralis was measured.
significant correlations were found between muscular strength , cardiorespiratory fitness , and neuromuscular economy ( r = @number@.43-0.64 , p < @number@ ) .
our results suggest that cardiorespiratory capacity and economy of movement are associated with muscular strength during aging.
background and aims : the relative contribution of different domains on walking speed is largely unknown.
this study investigated the central factors associated with maximal walking speed among older people.
methods : cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from the scamob study ( isrctn @number@ ) involving @number@ community-living ambulatory adults aged 75-81 years.
maximal walking speed , leg extensor power , standing balance and body mass index were measured at the research center.
physical activity , smoking , use of alcohol , chronic diseases and depressive symptoms were self-reported by standard questionnaires.
results : the mean maximal walking speed was @number@ m / s ( range @number@.3-2.9 ) .
in linear regression analysis , age , gender and body mass index explained @percent@ of the variation in maximal walking speed.
adding leg extensor power and standing balance into the model increased the variation explained to @percent@.
further adjusting for physical activity , smoking status and use of alcohol increased the variation explained by an additional @percent@.
a minor further increase in variability explained was gained by adding chronic diseases and depressive symptoms to the model.
these results were compared to data from @number@ cataract-free control subjects.
results : contrast sensitivity was reduced and straylight increased in all cataract patients , most notably in posterior subcapsular and nuclear-cortical cataract.
contrast sensitivity and bcva were correlated ( r = @number@ ) , whereas straylight and bcva were not.
methods : nonrandomized comparative case study.
results : @number@ patients with cnv due to amd , @number@ in @number@ and @number@ in @number@ were included.
the main increase was in the percentage of patients over @number@ years : @time@ % in @number@ versus @percent@ in @number@
there was no significant difference between the two groups as regards gender or type of cnv.
conclusions : in our clinical setting , the average age of patients with newly diagnosed exudative amd increased significantly between @number@ and @number@
in this study , we sought to examine whether la is a predictor of outcome after spontaneous ich.
methods : we retrospectively analyzed @number@ consecutive patients with spontaneous supratentorial ich identified by a database search.
demographic features , ich characteristics , and la severity as assessed by van swieten score on brain ct were compared between the two groups.
results : overall , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the patients analyzed had poor outcomes.
conclusion : la is an independent predictor of poor neurological outcome in patients with spontaneous supratentorial ich.
methods : we assessed bmd and body composition in @number@ korean girls with precocious puberty before and after @number@ year of treatment with gnrh agonist.
bmd and body composition values were measured by using dexa.
the fat mass ( fm ) and %fm for both ca and ba were significantly higher than zero at baseline.
after gnrh agonist treatment , fm and %fm decreased for ca , but increased for ba.
it has frequently been associated with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) .
objective : to determine the incidence and characteristics of awp in the adult cf population in northern ireland.
methods : @number@ cf patients were interviewed.
the patients were asked whether they noticed excess wrinkling of the hands when exposed to water.
if they answered ' yes' , further questions were asked regarding clinical characteristics.
the atopic status , cf genotype and drug history were recorded for each patient.
formal testing of @number@ patients was carried out.
results : out of the @number@ patients who were interviewed , @number@ ( @percent@ ) described awp.
of the @number@ patients with awp , @number@ were male and @number@ were female.
there was no association of awp with genotype , atopy or concomitant drug intake.
objective : the minor g-allele of foxo3a rs2802292 has been associated with longevity.
we aimed to investigate whether a phenotype related to healthy metabolic aging could be identified in individuals carrying the longevity-associated foxo3a rs2802292 g-allele.
basal and insulin-stimulated foxo3a mrna expression was assessed in skeletal muscle biopsies from the twin population.
method : this work was based on two surveys of older adults aged @number@ years or more in spain.
a group of @number@ community-dwelling people and @number@ nursing homes residents were selected ( n = @number@ ) .
logistic regression models were applied using the six-item de jong gierveld loneliness scale as dependent variable.
results : depression was associated with loneliness in both populations.
institutionalization per se showed a strong effect on loneliness.
discussion : findings have potential implications for targeting older adults at risk for loneliness.
method : in-hospital patient information was routinely collected by multidisciplinary staff and entered into a database.
information about mortality was obtained for @number@ patients aged @number@ and above.
multivariate logistic regression was performed.
discussion : almost one fourth of older hip fracture patients in this unit died within a year.
the most important predictor was admittance from nursing home , which was associated with comorbidity and frailty.
more attention to patients from nursing homes is needed in the health care system.
objective : to investigate the correlates of body mass index ( bmi ) among a national sample of older adults in the united states.
method : data used in these analyses were part of the 2003-2004 national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) .
discussion : the findings acknowledge relationships between health characteristics , disability , and bmi among a national sample of older adults.
these results suggest that prevention and management of health conditions , basic adl , and bmi may be reasonable targets for intervention.
our program of caregiving research spans two decades , moving from inductive theory development using grounded theory methods to deductive theory testing.
in this article , we reflect on the serendipitous development of this program of research methodologically and conceptually.
objective : different aspects of diet may be differentially related to body fat distribution.
dietary information was assessed with the use of a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
conclusions : increasing whole-grain intake is associated with lower vat in adults , whereas higher intakes of refined grains are associated with higher vat.
further research is required to elicit the potential mechanisms whereby whole- and refined-grain foods may influence body fat distribution.
methods : structural equation modelling was used to provide a model of successful ageing , defined in subjective and objective terms.
a model was developed using a @percent@ random sample from hals and tested in the other @percent@ and in elsa.
we examined the association of risk of disease , functioning and engagement with society at baseline with confidence and continued engagement at follow-up.
results : the model developed in the @percent@ sample of hals was strong and reproducible in the other data sets.
far from retiring , engagement with life and society should be the norm for ageing populations.
caregiver empathy , mood , sex or other demographic characteristics were not predictive of caregiver ratings.
instead , it appears that caregivers relied on context in making the pain determinations.
interventions designed to help caregivers become more attentive to specific pain cues might be important to pursue.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has a complex pattern of inheritance and many genes have recently been reported to contribute to the disease susceptibility.
a single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) in the insulin degrading enzyme gene ( ide ) , rs3781239 , showed a significant association with ad.
our data suggest that the polymorphism of ide is associated with susceptibility to alzheimer's disease in han chinese.
this study examined the accuracy of informant-reported mood disorder diagnoses in a sample of primary care patients aged @number@ years or older.
we hypothesized that the accuracy ( sensitivity and specificity ) of informant reports would vary with the patient's personality.
methods : hypotheses were tested in @number@ dyads consisting of patients and their friends or relatives ( informants ) recruited from primary care settings.
patients completed an assessment battery that included the neo-five factor inventory.
results : sensitivity and specificity of informant-derived mood disorder diagnoses were related to patient personality.
sensitivity of informant-derived lifetime mood disorder diagnoses was compromised by higher extraversion and higher agreeableness.
specificity of informant-derived lifetime mood disorder diagnoses was compromised by lower agreeableness and higher conscientiousness.
conclusion : patient personality has implications for the accuracy of mood disorder histories provided by friends and family members.
both healthy aging and the pathologic incidence of disorders associated with aging involve an array of debilities.
physical exercise harnesses implicit and inherent biologic characteristics amenable to the putative interventional influences under clinical , institutional or laboratory conditions.
the insistent efficacy of brain vascular angiogenesis may delay also the comorbid incidence of depressive disorders with dementia pathology.
methods : this study included @number@ de novo patients with pd and @number@ age-matched controls.
all subjects underwent [ ( @number@ ) f ] -fluorodeoxy glucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography studies.
the severity of parkinsonian motor deficit was measured using unified pd rating scale ( updrs ) motor scores.
in the control group , an age-related decline in glucose uptake was found only in the cingulate cortex.
this study explores the ufh-dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( tfpi ) release in children compared to previously published data in adults.
children < 16 years of age undergoing cardiac angiography formed the population for this prospective cohort study.
tfpi release was measured prior to ( baseline ) and at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ min post-ufh dose.
plasma tfpi levels in children did not demonstrate an ufh concentration -dependent reduction , as has been previously reported in adults.
the prolonged tfpi-mediated anticoagulant levels observed in children administered ufh may contribute to the increased rate of major bleeding reported in children compared to adults.
purpose : age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly.
early prevention with antioxidants is mandatory.
the aim of this study was to determine whether and how baicalein can act as an antioxidant.
results : h₂o₂ dose-dependently reduced the cell viability of hrpe cells.
this negative effect was dose-dependently ( with a lower effect at 20µm ) and significantly counteracted by pretreatment with baicalein ( 50µm ) .
treatment with h₂o₂ significantly stimulated the formation of oxygen free radicals.
this increase was dose-dependently and significantly blunted by baicalein.
further , treatment with a sublethal dose of h₂o₂ was associated with an upregulation in the levels of vegf and mmp-9.
this paper reviews recent evidence from magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) studies about age-related changes in the brain.
the main conclusions are that ( @number@ ) the brain shrinks in volume and the ventricular system expands in healthy aging.
( @number@ ) the volumetric brain reductions in healthy aging are likely only to a minor extent related to neuronal loss.
rather , shrinkage of neurons , reductions of synaptic spines , and lower numbers of synapses probably account for the reductions in grey matter.
in addition , the length of myelinated axons is greatly reduced , up to almost @percent@.
( @number@ ) reductions in specific cognitive abilities for instance processing speed , executive functions , and episodic memory are seen in healthy aging.
premarital cohabitation has been found to be positively correlated with the likelihood of marital dissolution in the united states.
these results suggest that the positive relationship between premarital cohabitation and marital instability has weakened for more recent birth and marriage cohorts.
further research with more recent data is needed to assess whether these results are statistical artifacts caused by data weaknesses in the nsfg.
mate availability at sexual maturity may be linked via several biological and social mechanisms to long-term survival in men.
deformable image registration in the presence of considerable contrast differences and large-scale size and shape changes represents a significant challenge for image registration.
we propose a new registration method that generates a mapping between brain anatomies represented as a multi-compartment model of tissue class posterior images and geometries.
quantitative validation demonstrates that our proposed method generates registrations that better preserve the consistency of anatomical structures over time.
a rapidly increasing number of medical imaging studies is longitudinal , i.e. involves series of repeated examinations of the same individuals.
this paper presents a methodology for analysis of such 4d images , with brain aging as the primary application.
experimental results show this method could facilitate the early detection of pathological brain change.
we present a new algorithm for reliable , unbiased , multivariate longitudinal analysis of cortical and white matter atrophy rates with penalized statistical methods.
we evaluate our approach with both test-retest data and with application to a driving biological problem.
the major adverse effect of factor replacement therapy in patients with hemophilia is the development of neutralizing antibodies termed inhibitors.
this complication renders standard factor replacement therapy ineffective resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.
aqueous extracts of black and green tea ( camellia sinensis ) were obtained by freeze-drying for this study.
the extracts were evaluated based on tea quality control tests , uv , ir scans , and in vitro antioxidant capacity tests.
dermal products from the tea extracts were designed and manufactured.
black and green tea gels were tested in vivo in the forearms of six subjects using an artifical uv ( 200-400 nm ) source.
the tested formulations were green tea gel , black tea gel , @percent@ caffeine gel , carbomer gel base , and a control.
depending on tea quality , the samples resulted in water soluble fractions of @date@ @percent@.
no uv-induced erythema was observed at the black and green tea gel sites in any of the subjects.
uv-induced erythema was consistently present in various grades at caffeine gel , carbomer gel , and control sites.
results led to the conclusion that freeze-dried black and green tea extracts had strong uv absorbance.
formulating those extracts into dermal gels protected the skin against uv-induced erythema.
however , their major biochemical and physiological function does not appear to depend on their redox ( reduction and oxidation ) activity.
sesns promote activation of ( amp ) -dependent protein kinase in both mammals and flies.
a nested case-control study of white women @number@ years of age and older enrolled in the study of osteoporotic fractures ( sof ) was performed.
controls ( n = @number@ ) had no fracture during follow-up.
subjects with baseline radiographic hip osteoarthritis were excluded.
the association of asm modes with incident hip fracture was analyzed by logistic regression.
together , the @number@ asm modes demonstrated good discrimination of incident hip fracture.
we conclude that variations in the relative size of the femoral head and neck are important determinants of incident hip fracture.
the addition of hip shape to fracture-prediction tools may improve the risk assessment for osteoporotic hip fractures.
aortic pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) is an independent determinant of cardiovascular risk.
although aortic stiffening with age is well documented , the interaction between aging and regional aortic pwv is still a debated question.
repeatability across two magnetic resonance examinations ( n = @number@ ) and accuracy against intravascular pressure measurements ( n = @number@ ) were assessed.
the global pwv was found to increase nonlinearly with age.
good agreement was found between repeated magnetic resonance measurements and between magnetic resonance pwvs and the gold-standard.
fourier velocity encoded m-mode allowed to measure global and regional pwv in the descending aorta.
there was a preferential stiffening of the thoracic aorta with age , which may be due to progressive fragmentation of elastin fibers in this region.
neural innervation of the colon and the effects of aging on intrinsic and extrinsic nerves innervating the colonic smooth muscle is discussed.
these conditions are important contributors to the complex health status of older adults.
diabetes mellitus is known to co-occur with geriatric conditions in older adults and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some conditions.
objective : to investigate the prevalence and incidence of geriatric conditions in middle-aged and older-aged adults with diabetes.
design : secondary analysis of nationally-representative , longitudinal health interview survey data ( health and retirement study waves @number@ and @number@ ) .
participants : respondents @number@ years and older in @number@ ( n = 18 , 908 ) .
main measures : diabetes mellitus.
eight geriatric conditions : cognitive impairment , falls , incontinence , low body mass index , dizziness , vision impairment , hearing impairment , pain.
differences between adults with and without diabetes were most marked in middle-age.
diabetes was associated with the two-year cumulative incidence of acquiring new geriatric conditions ( odds ratio , @percent@ confidence interval : @number@ @number@.6-2.0 ) .
a diabetes-age interaction was discovered : as age increased , the association of diabetes with new geriatric conditions decreased.
our findings suggest that adults with diabetes should be monitored for the development of these conditions beginning at a younger age than previously thought.
lung function predicts mortality ; whether it is associated with functional status in the general population remains unclear.
this study examined the association of lung function with multiple measures of functioning in early old age.
our results suggest that lung function is a good ' summary ' measure of overall functioning in early old age.
while pain is a common symptom among older adults , it often is underdiagnosed and undertreated.
a large body of evidence indicates that jnk activity is critical for normal immune and inflammatory response.
indeed , aberrant activation of jnk has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease.
pharmacological inhibition of jnk has been demonstrated to attenuate microglial activation and the release of neurotoxic chemicals including pro-inflammatory cytokines.
in this review , we provide an overview on implications and therapeutic strategies of jnk in neurodegenerative disorders.
cognitive function is multidimensional and complex , and research in multiple species indicates it is considerably impacted by age and gonadal hormone milieu.
one domain of cognitive function particularly susceptible to age-related decrements is spatial memory.
in fact , as discoveries are being made it is becoming clear that the findings across studies that appear contradictory are not contradictory at all.
these mediating variables are just starting to be understood.
the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the united states is extensive and growing rapidly.
contributing factors include the aging population , tobacco abuse , obesity , and diabetes , all of which increase the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.
treatment paradigms for cardiovascular disease have also been rapidly evolving ; minimally invasive , catheter-based approaches are increasingly used as first-line therapy.
this trend is a natural response of specialists to the evolving needs of their patients.
as a result , there is now much more overlap in the capabilities of-and services offered by-each specialty.
unhealthy and counterproductive competition among traditional disciplines has developed in the field of vascular care.
another important mechanism that controls p53 function is its conformational stability since p53 is an intrinsically unstable protein.
hence , conditions that induce hipk2 deregulation would result in a dysfunctional response to stressors by affecting p53 activity.
the full spectrum of activities of the tumor suppressor p53 ( tp53 ) has not been completely elucidated yet.
objective : to examine the old-age consequences of international migration with a focus on disability and wealth from the perspective of the origin country.
univariate methods are used to present a comparative profile of return migrants.
multivariate models are estimated for physical disability and wealth.
results : gender differences are profound.
return migrant women are more likely to be disabled while men are wealthier than comparable older adults in mexico.
a common characteristic of aging is loss of skeletal muscle ( sarcopenia ) , which can lead to falls and fractures.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are novel posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression with potential roles as regulators of skeletal muscle mass and function.
eighteen mirnas were differentially expressed in older humans ( p < @number@ and > 500 expression level ) .
let-7 family members let-7b and let-7e were significantly elevated and further validated in older subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
in addition , pax7 mrna expression was lower in older subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
these data suggest that aging is characterized by a higher expression of let-7 family members that may downregulate genes related to cellular proliferation.
rhesus monkey ( macaca mulatta ) is the most extensively studied diurnal nonhuman primate.
similar to humans , it features consolidated nighttime sleep and advanced cardiovascular , neuroendocrine , and cognitive responses.
however , the intrinsic circadian rhythmicity in this species remains to be fully characterized.
constant environmental light of moderate intensity ( ~100 lx ) slows down the circadian clock in rhesus monkeys.
sleep problems in children are very common and affect both the child and parents.
the common problems are bedtime resistance , delayed sleep onset and frequent night waking.
this review summarises current non-pharmacological practices and intervention options to aid healthy children sleep.
in more problematic cases children benefit from a sleep programme.
programmes are many and effective , and include extinction or extinction-based procedures , and scheduled awakenings.
an extinction programme alone , although highly effective , is difficult for parents to comply with.
modifications of the extinction programme show promise but need further evaluation.
identifying and managing sleep problems in childhood may improve health , including emotional well-being , in adolescence and adulthood.
an immunoprecipitation study demonstrated that hsf elastase activity co-immunoprecipitated with anti-nep in lysates of cultured hsf.
transfection of an nep cdna expression vector into cos-1 cells elicited the expression of hsf elastase and nep activities in the transfected cells.
these findings strongly suggest that hsf elastase is identical to nep , which functions mainly in neuron-associated cells to degrade neuropeptides.
hypertension is associated with microvascular and macrovascular brain injury but its direct influence on the cerebral circulation is not fully clear.
vasoreactivity was the slope of the regression between cerebral perfusion and end-tidal co ( @number@ ) .
white matter hyperintensity volumes were quantified.
nighttime dipping was calculated as the percentage decline in nighttime / daytime blood pressure.
regionally , this was significant in the frontal , temporal , and parietal lobes.
the magnitude of decrease in vasoreactivity in hypertension without stroke was comparable to the magnitude of decrease in vasoreactivity in stroke without hypertension.
hypertension has a direct negative effect on the cerebrovascular circulation independent of white matter hyperintensities and stroke that is comparable to that seen with stroke.
because lower vasoreactivity is associated with poor outcomes , studies of the impact of antihypertensive on vasoreactivity are important.
the locations of arterial pressure wave reflection , along with arterial stiffening , have a major influence on the timing of the reflected wave.
the length from the aortic valve to the major reflection site ( eg , effective reflecting length ) significantly increased with aging.
the normalized effective reflecting length did not alter with aging until @number@ years of age and increased remarkably thereafter in men and women.
the effective reflecting length was significantly and positively associated with the difference between central and peripheral pulse wave velocities ( r = 0.76 ) .
this correlation remained significant even when the influence of aortic pulse wave velocity was partial out ( r = 0.35 ) .
reasons for nonparticipation were travel , family obligations , and being too busy.
respondents were comparable to the recruitment pool on most demographic characteristics and health assessments.
discussion : strengths of the protocol vis-à-vis similar studies include opportunities to link biological factors with diverse content from other midus projects.
results : greater goal engagement was significantly associated with positive but not negative affect.
greater use of self-blame and denial coping was associated with lower positive affect for older adults and higher negative affect across the age range.
implications : an imbalance between activation and inhibition of the complement system has been implicated in the etiologies of numerous common diseases.
bruch's membrane / choroid , a site of tissue damage in amd , contains high concentrations of glycosaminoglycans , including hs.
we show that mice genetically resistant to mousepox ( the mouse parallel of human smallpox ) lose resistance at mid-age.
surprisingly , this loss of resistance is not a result of intrinsically defective t cell responses.
the influence of age on the central and peripheral contributors to exercise-induced hyperaemia is unclear.
in both groups all main central and peripheral changes that occurred at the onset of passive knee extension were transient , lasting only @number@ s.
inner ear opg may enter the bony otic capsule through the lacuno-canalicular porosity ( lcp ) .
methods : sixty-five bulk-stained undecalcified human temporal bones were selected to span the ages from 30th gestational week to @number@ years.
results : from a high initial numerical density and a centripetal distribution of viable osteocytes , the density declined over time.
this effect was higher towards the inner ear space and shifted viable osteocytes into to a centrifugal distribution with age.
contrary to this , non-viable osteocytes accumulated centripetally around the inner ear space and accounted for @percent@ of all lacunae at @number@ years of age.
non-viable osteocytes were heterogeneously distributed forming islets of varying size surrounded by the intact and viable parts of the lcp.
conclusion : the simultaneous presence of high numbers of non-viable osteocytes within a dense network of viable osteocytes is unique for the bony otic capsule.
viable osteocytes may sustain a life-long anti-resorptive signaling pathway for inner ear opg.
clustering of non-viable osteocytes may locally impede the effect of opg leaving the ghost regions unprotected against focal bone remodeling , as in human otosclerosis.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) have been recognized as a pivotal inducer in diabetes and kinds of aging-related vasculopathy.
endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cells adhesion to endothelium have been regarded as important and early factors in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetic patients.
transwell huvec-macrophage co-culture system was established to evaluate macrophage migration and adhesion ability.
sod and mda levels in culture supernatant were detected.
we found that ly333531 significantly reduced ages-induced macrophage adhesion to huvec.
blockade of pkc-beta strikingly decreased huvec tgf-beta1 and icam-1 expression in both protein and mrna levels , rage protein level was also down-regulated.
furthermore , the anti-oxidative stress index , sod / mda was dramatically elevated on ly333531 application.
since their pharmacological manipulation in rodents has been reported to affect cognition , they are potential drug targets for ad therapy.
we examined the fate of these receptors in cases of ad as well as in aging ps2app mice a proposed model of the disease.
in ad , significant receptor losses were registered in entorhinal cortex and lacunosum moleculare ( @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ) .
these findings have implications for the development of selective ligands for symptomatic therapy in ad and for its diagnosis.
event-related potentials ( erp ) were recorded while participants performed a word-stem cued-recall task.
age-related memory deficits were greater for the less educated individuals.
age differences in the erp old / new effects were also modulated by the level of education.
these findings provide support for the reserve hypothesis and highlight the need to consider individual differences when studying cognitive and cerebral changes in aging.
adipose tissue is an endocrine and paracrine organ that contributes to both metabolic and vascular homeostasis.
overweight and obesity due to excess adipose tissue , are cornerstones of vascular risk and increase risk for late-onset dementia.
vascular risk does not exist in isolation , and is accompanied by alterations in hormonal metabolism and metabolic syndromes.
in addition , a synthesis related to other lines of supporting evidence for the role of adipose hormones in dementia will be provided.
understanding the role of adipose tissue in health of the brain is pivotal to a deeper understanding of dementia processes.
background : to evaluate the effectiveness of the minimally traumatic midface lift approach in combination with the wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) criteria.
methods : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ female patients underwent the minimal incision midface lift procedure.
after @number@ months , objective and subjective criteria were recorded , photos were taken for documentation and the wsrs scale system was used.
postoperative adverse effects were also recorded.
results : all @number@ patients completed more than a 6-month postoperative follow-up , and all the patients gained complete recovery.
no serious operative complications including facial nerve palsy and skin slough were found.
essential to the thesis is that small , electron dense , non-vesiculated l-forms are the central ( core ) element in bacterial persistence.
depending on the stimulus received , these dense forms might be considered as undifferentiated cells , with the capacity to develop along several different routes.
in the last few decades , an increasing percentage of the population has become immunosuppressed.
some mechanisms for this increase are aging ; autoimmunity ; congenital , metabolic and degenerative disorders ; and aids.
the life of a patient so affected is prolonged by therapy with hormones , antimicrobials , and immunosuppressants.
aging is one of the most challenging and unresolved problems in biology owing to its highly complex nature.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common heart rhythm problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
serious complications associated with this disorder include cardioembolic stroke , heart failure , and death.
the worldwide prevalence of af is rapidly increasing owing to aging of the population.
abnormal impulse formation in the pulmonary veins is known to trigger paroxysmal af and radiofrequency isolation of these veins is recommended in drug-refractory af.
active pharmacological research is directed towards selectively targeting the culprit venous cells.
persistent af is more likely to be an atrial disease.
intrinsic and extrinsic stressors are believed to cause electrostructural alterations in the atrial tissue leading to profibrillatory state.
further research will elucidate the role of stressors and help develop biomarkers to guide early management of af.
the course of bereavement is influenced by a number of factors , including health problems , financial concerns , social support , and family relationships.
geriatric depression is discussed taking into consideration some data from translational research.
the brain aging process is not uniform.
executive functions also change in normal elderly.
geriatric depression is a general definition of a multidimensional disorder with multiple risk factors.
dysexecutive syndrome is considered as a key to the neuropsychology of geriatric depression , correlated with functional impairment in late life.
also , there are at least four clusters of treatment outcomes that are common in geriatric depression , which mirror the neuropsychological and clinical profiles.
ninety-four children had unilateral spastic cp , @number@ bilateral spastic cp , and six had other forms of cp.
assessments were carried out on two occasions ( visit @number@ and visit @number@ ) separated by an interval of @number@ years and @number@ months.
a total of @number@ participants returned for reassessment.
baseline score was consistently the single greatest predictor of visit @number@ score.
substantial agreement in gmfcs ratings over time was achieved ( κ ( lw ) = 0.74-0.76 ) .
aims : one-eighth of young adults in the united states report that their biological father has ever been incarcerated ( fei ) .
design : using multi-level modeling techniques , trajectories of marijuana and other illegal drug use are examined , with fei as the primary independent variable.
participants : panels of @number@ males and @number@ females followed from adolescence ( 7th-12th grades ) into early adulthood ( ages 18-27 years ) .
background : adipose tissue-derived stromal cells ( adscs ) are being recognized as a source of stem cells potentially useful for cardiovascular repair.
materials and methods : fifty-two subjects ( aged @number@ ± @number@ years ) with variable degrees of cardiovascular risk underwent abdominal surgery for intercurrent diseases.
visceral adipose tissue ( @number@ ± @number@ g visceral fat per patient ) was processed with type-1 collagenase to obtain adscs from the stromal-vascular fraction.
matrigel angiogenesis assay was used to analyse the ability of adscs to form tubes or networks.
such changes may impair the use of adipose tissue as source of autologous pcs in elderly patients.
aging decreases the human femur's fatigue resistance , impact energy absorption , and the ability to withstand load.
changes in the osteocyte distribution and in their elemental composition might be involved in age-related bone impairment.
age-dependent decreases in the total osteocyte lacunar number were measured in all of the cases.
this change signifies a risk for the bone's safety.
in aged bone , osteocyte lacunae showed an increased amount of hypermineralized calcium phosphate occlusions in comparison with younger cases.
with respect to frost's early delineation of micropetrosis , our microanalyses revealed that the osteocyte lacunae are subject to hypermineralization.
intralacunar hypermineralization accompanied by a decrease in total osteocyte lacunar density may contribute to failure or delayed bone repair in aging bone.
there is a need for animal models that reflect the increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage observed during aging in humans.
to this end , 2-months-old male samr1 and samp8 mice were fed a western type diet ( control groups ) for @number@ months.
background : older injured persons are frequently undertriaged , increasing the risk for preventable mortality and morbidity in an already-vulnerable population.
objective : this study examined triage accuracy before and after the @number@ revisions.
trauma center and non-trauma center admission was a proxy for triage accuracy.
results : although triage accuracy has improved from @number@ to @number@ the undertriage rate still remains higher than the acs-cot target of 5-10%.
overtriage rates have remained slightly above or within an acceptable range , suggesting that gains in triage accuracy have not unduly overburdened trauma centers.
both ppv and npv have improved since @number@
conclusions : there is a positive trend in triage accuracy for older injured persons since @number@
more research is needed to identify and validate additional triage criteria that are sensitive to severe injuries in older persons.
osteoporosis in elderly men is becoming an important health issue with the aging society.
elderly men with androgen deficiency are exposed to osteoporosis and can be treated with testosterone replacement.
there were no significant differences in the osteocalcin levels before and after treatment in all the groups.
the ctx levels were also similar for all the groups before treatment.
however , after treatment , orchidectomy had caused significant elevation of ctx compared to normal control rats.
testosterone replacements in orchidectomised rats were able to prevent the rise of ctx.
orchidectomy had also reduced the bone calcium level compared to normal control rats.
both testosterone replacement and el supplementation to orchidectomised rats were able to maintain the bone calcium level , with the former showing better effects.
background : hospice and palliative care organizations are expanding their use of standardized instruments and other approaches to measure quality.
we undertook a systematic review and evaluation of published patient-level instruments for potential application in hospice and palliative care clinical quality measurement.
selected instruments were evaluated and scored for scientific soundness and potential application in clinical quality measurement.
results : the search found @number@ publications , with @number@ selected for full manuscript review.
manuscripts provided information on @number@ instruments which were evaluated using a structured scoring guide for psychometric properties.
thirty-nine instruments scoring near or above the 75th percentile were recommended.
most instruments covered multiple domains or focused on care for physical symptoms , psychological or social aspects of care.
few instruments were available to measure cultural aspects of care , structure and process of care , and continuity of care.
other aspects of palliative care may benefit from further instrument development research.
the ssq was administered using an interview method and / or it was self-administered and then returned by mail.
introduction : brain detrimental effects are under-recognised complication of chronic heart failure ( chf ) .
one of the major causes may be cerebral hypoperfusion.
methods : seventy-one chf males with nyha class ii and iii and @number@ control subjects age ≥ @number@ years were recruited.
cbf was evaluated by colour duplex sonography of extracranial arteries.
echocardiography , 6-min walk test , quality of life and endothelial function were also assessed.
serum nt-pro-bnp and adipokines levels ( adiponectin and leptin ) were measured.
excessive wall circumferential stress in arteries caused by luminal pressure leads to endothelial damage and clinical consequences.
in addition to circumferential stress , arterial wall contains residual stress with compressive and tensile components on intima and adventitia sides.
the intimal compressive component compensates part of tensile stress induced by blood pressure , hence reduces severity of endothelial tension.
the opening angle caused by radial cut of arterial ring defines residual stress.
results show non-linear residual stress profiles across wall thickness , influenced by structural and mechanical parameters.
elevation of opening angle from 50° to 90° leads to increase of intimal compressive component compensating up to @percent@ of the pressure-induced tensile stress.
results may be applied in study of endothelial injury caused by excessive stress in situations such as aging , hypertension and atherosclerosis.
at baseline , young adults preferred autonomy goals , whereas older adults preferred generative goals.
older adults were better at matching their strategies to their goals than young adults were.
this suggests that older adults may become better at selecting their strategies in accordance with their goals.
our findings speak to a contextual approach to everyday problem solving by showing that goals are associated with the selection of problem-solving strategies.
for both groups , int increased and ior decreased with task demand ; while np remained stable.
we found age-related increases in int , np , and ior , independent of task demand.
however , only between-groups differences in ior remained after correcting for age-related slowing in response times.
finally , we found no association between our measures of attention across groups , suggesting negligible overlap between int , np , and ior.
our results indicate that attention is selectively and independently influenced by age and task demands , with both effects dependent on how attention is measured.
these findings shed light on the \ "frontal hypothesis of aging. \ "
explanations for this change are discussed.
multiple contributing factors , such as repetitive stress and structural changes in the foot , further compromise function.
effective topical management approaches for xerosis , fissures , hyperkeratotic lesions , and fungal infections can lessen the severity of symptoms.
however , when recalcitrant , such as long-standing onychomycosis , prescription medications may be warranted.
these medications are not without serious side effects and should be used with caution in older adults.
new methods that pose fewer risks , such as film-forming solutions and photodynamic therapy , are emerging to treat skin and toenail infections.
several nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment approaches are presented in this article.
the experience of death and dying is very different in the 21st century than it was in the 19th.
it is proposed that these changes produced an unjustified optimism with regard to the prolongation of life.
despite these challenges , we achieved a @percent@ response rate with a sample size of @number@ participants comprising @percent@ nonwhite.
eighty-five percent of the participants completed all of the follow-up data points.
late onset hypogonadism is a common condition in aging males.
the population of men who can be potentially treated with testosterone supplementation is growing.
incidence of prostate hyperplasia and occult prostate cancer in elderly are both high.
the risk that testosterone treatment would trigger prostate cancer was not fully recognized.
the aim of this mini review is to present a risk of carcinogenesis within the prostate related to testosterone treatment.
the p66shc adaptor protein has been in the spotlight of many researchgroups around the world for over adecade.
experiments conducted inrecent years unraveled its structure and enabled the recognition of basic cellular functions.
accumulation of such lesions in cells may unfavorably affect the functions of tissues and organs , leading to pathologies oreath of the organism.
further investigation will permit a better understanding ofthe mechanisms governing the processes o f aging andthe emergence of variouspathologies associated with oxidative stress.
this work is an attempt to systematize the existing knowledge about the p66shc protein structure and functions.
according to mitochondrial theory of ageing the ageing process results from accumulation of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) damage.
close vicinity of mtdna molecule to the source of reactive oxygen species , electron transport chain , potentiates degradation of nucleic acid chemical components.
since mtdna codes for subunits of respiratory chain enzymes , its lesions can alter homeostasis of the cell resulting in a decrease of intracellular atp.
this article presents an overview of the agents currently available for use in facial rejuvenation in the united states.
the number of cosmetic procedures for facial rejuvenation has increased steadily over the past decade.
the increase in the application of nonsurgical modalities , particularly injectable shaping agents , has been remarkable.
facial aging was once thought to be the result of the relentless downward pull of gravity on skin and underlying fat.
in turn , facial fat was believed to be a contiguous sheet of tissue.
this discovery has allowed the evolution of improved techniques for facial rejuvenation.
background and purpose : fatiguing exercise can adversely alter postural stability and therefore may contribute to falling.
however , older adults rarely perform exercise to fatigue.
before and immediately after the protocol , their responses to lateral waist-pull perturbations were recorded.
conclusions : before and after activity , older adults responded with a single outward step to arrest a fall less frequently than young adults.
this may place older adults at risk of overbalancing.
however , when responding with this strategy , both young and older adults demonstrated few changes immediately following moderate-intensity physical activity compared with before.
they appear to be not adversely affected by moderate physical activity.
the demands of physician practice are growing.
some specialties face critical shortages and a significant percentage of physicians are aging.
to improve health care it is paramount to understand and address challenges , including cognitive issues , facing aging physicians.
in this article , we outline several issues related to cognitive performance and potential implications associated with aging.
we discuss important findings from other fields and draw parallels to the practice of medicine.
we conclude with implications for the health care system and areas of future research.
the sirtuins are nad + -dependent histone / protein deacetylases that are similar to saccharomyces cerevisiae silent information regulator @number@ ( sir2 ) .
sirtuins regulate various normal and abnormal cellular and metabolic processes , including tumorigenesis , neurodegeneration , and processes associated with type @number@ diabetes and obesity.
several age-related diseases , such as alzheimer's disease , and longevity have also been linked to the functions of sirtuins.
the possible metabolic outcomes of the pharmacological manipulation of sirtuins are also discussed.
this ensures an individualization of the treatment plan according to the needs of the patient and avoids a postoperative stretched look.
outcomes were determined by case notes , clinical review , and a questionnaire.
results : the study investigated @number@ consecutive modified smas face-lifting procedures.
few complications were observed.
only two patients experienced small hematomas needing evacuation.
some patients reported bearable pain in the temporal region and tension during mouth opening.
temporary weakness in the branches of the facial nerve experienced by two patients resolved completely within some months.
two patients presented with dehiscence of the scar , and one patient experienced punctual retroauricular skin necrosis , which healed uneventfully with conservative treatment.
two patients reported that the knot in the temporal region was palpable through the skin.
one patient experienced retroauricular infection.
only two patients required additional procedures.
one mild hypertrophic scar responding to steroid injection over the mastoid area was observed in the entire series.
with the reported technique , the authors achieved pleasing , natural , durable results with minimal morbidity and an overall complication rate of @percent@.
all the patients were sent a satisfaction questionnaire or contacted for a telephone interview.
a total of @number@ patients replied.
the patients reported high levels of satisfaction after treatment.
conclusions : the authors believe that the rhytidectomy technique described in this report has several beneficial attributes.
this investigation demonstrates that the rhytidectomy technique is safe and produces highly predictable results.
background : randomized trial evaluated problem-solving therapy in home care ( psthc ) for homebound older adults with cardiovascular disease receiving acute home care services.
methods : thirty-eight participants were recruited from a university-affiliated home healthcare agency for the trial.
six 1-hour pst-hc sessions included depression education , problem-solving skills , pleasurable activity scheduling , homework , and weekly telephone calls over a 6-week period.
the control comparison group received usual care plus two sessions of education and a depression brochure.
after the intervention , both groups completed the patient satisfaction questionnaire.
results : compared with the control group , the pst-hc group showed a significant decrease in depression but not anxiety scores.
the pst-hc group generally reported more favorable satisfaction with treatment than the control group.
conclusions : the brief pst-hc intervention demonstrated that depression improved among home care elderly.
however , there was no change in six of eight health status measures or anxiety level.
authors discuss integrating interdisciplinary depression care in the home care setting.
background : facial aging is a dynamic process involving the aging of soft-tissue and bony structures.
methods : facial bone computed tomographic scans were obtained from @number@ female and @number@ male caucasian subjects.
each computed tomographic scan underwent three-dimensional reconstruction with volume rendering.
edentulous patients were excluded.
results : the orbital aperture width and orbital aperture area increased significantly with age for both sexes.
there was a significant increase in orbital aperture size ( increase in height of the superomedial and inferolateral orbital rim ) in both sexes.
the glabellar and maxillary angles decreased significantly with age for both sexes , whereas the pyriform aperture area significantly increased for both sexes with age.
mandibular length and height both decreased significantly for each sex.
the mandibular angle significantly increased with age for both sexes.
conclusions : these results suggest that the skeletal morphology of the face changes with age.
this change in skeletal morphology may contribute to the appearance of the aging face.
the leading joint hypothesis ( ljh ) offers a novel interpretation of control of human movements that involve multiple joints.
the ljh makes control of each multijoint movement transparent.
unlike quadrupeds , human limbs are exposed to differing homeostatic challenges and uses across the life span.
no such published data is available with regard to secondary care settings.
all patients with elevated parameters of liver function tests ( lfts ) were fully investigated , managed and followed up in accordance with aga guidelines.
whether the severity of olfactory impairments in amci patients parallels those in ad has not been clearly established.
we compared ad , amci , and healthy participants on olfactory identification and memory assessed unirhinally.
olfactory identification was most proficient in the healthy participants and least proficient in ad , although this disparity did not depend on nostril side.
nevertheless , when only the worst nostril of each participant was included in the analysis , amci patients outperformed their ad counterparts.
olfactory memory did not differ significantly across the groups , perhaps reflecting a floor effect.
the findings support the hypothesis that unirhinal olfactory assessment may assist in differentiating between demented and nondemented individuals.
centre-based assessments facilitate detailed measurements and novel technologies , but may differentially influence participation.
all questionnaire respondents were invited to attend an assessment centre for a comprehensive physical assessment.
participants who refused or were unable to attend a centre were offered a home assessment.
the centre , home and no visit respondents differed in demographic characteristics , behavioural factors , physical functioning and health.
lower socio-economic status , physical inactivity and current smoking were the most robust predictors of non-participation in the health assessment.
conclusion : home and centre physical assessments are required to avoid systematically over-representing healthier and wealthier respondents.
this chapter takes on the ambitious goal of describing dreaming across the lifespan , integrating both empirical dream research and clinical case examples.
each major stage of the lifespan is discussed , from infancy ( where our knowledge of dreaming is speculative at best ) to later adulthood.
we attempt to provide an integrative view of dreaming which embraces the fundamental ambiguity of dreams across the lifespan.
there are no data on es after syngeneic hsct.
we retrospectively analyzed syngeneic hsct outcomes and determined es incidence , risk factors , and prognostic impact.
the median duration of follow-up was @number@ years ( range : @number@ months to @number@ years ) .
five-year progression-free and overall survival ( pfs , os ) was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
fifteen patients ( @percent@ ) met diagnostic criteria for es , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of whom received systemic steroids.
five-year pfs was @percent@ in patients with es versus @percent@ in those without ( p = @number@ ) .
five-year os was @percent@ with es versus @percent@ without ( p = @number@ ) .
five-year cumulative incidence of nrm was @percent@ with es versus @percent@ without ( p = @number@ ) .
five-year cumulative incidence of relapse was @percent@ with es and @percent@ without ( p = @number@ ) .
older age ( p = @number@ ) and possibly total body irradiation-based conditioning ( p = @number@ ) were risk factors for developing es.
in multivariable cox models only diagnosis ( myeloid disease ) impaired os and pfs.
in summary , we document a high incidence of es after syngeneic hsct.
the trend of increased nrm after es requires reevaluation in a larger syngeneic hsct cohort.
fermented papaya preparation ( fpp ) ( a product of yeast fermentation of carica papaya linn ) is a food supplement.
neuroprotective potential evaluated in an alzheimer's disease cell model showed that the toxicity of the β-amyloid can be significantly modulated by fpp.
fpp modulated the h₂o₂-induced erk , akt and p38 activation with the reduction of p38 phosphorylation induced by h₂o₂.
no genotoxic effect was observed in experiments with fpp exposed to hepg2 cells nor was fpp toxic to the pc12 cells.
age-related effects on novelty processing have been reported and are linked with changes in frontal lobe functioning.
auditory novelty processing and habituation of the novelty p3 event-related potential were investigated in younger and older adults.
novelty processing , as indexed by novelty p3 amplitude , was similar between the groups.
we found the expected decrease in novelty p3 amplitude at frontal regions in younger adults with repetition of novel stimuli.
we extend current understanding of novelty processing in normal aging by comparing this habituation related-hyperfrontality with intellectual functioning.
an increasing incidence of glioblastoma has been observed over the last @number@ years.
moreover , the aging of the population and the increasing occurrence of glioblastoma beyond @number@ years of age are additional explanations.
in gironde ( france ) , where a specialized registry has been established , the annual incidence of glioblastoma is @number@.96 / 100 , 000.
wide geographic variations are observed , possibly linked to ethnicity.
however , the role of intrinsic and / or extrinsic factors cannot be ruled out.
comparing data between registries is difficult and requires taking into account periods of recruitment and diagnostic tools.
many studies on electromagnetic fields - in particular cellular phones - pesticides , solvents , and other factors have been published.
until now , the results are discordant or are not confirmed because of methodological limitations.
it assessed clinical , general autopsy data and neuropathology including immunohistochemistry.
neuropathologic diagnosis followed current consensus criteria.
four age groups ( 7th to 10th decades ) were evaluated.
\ "pure \ " vad was observed in @percent@ of the total cohort , decreasing from age @number@ to 90 + .
neuritic ad-pathology was low ( mean braak stages @number@.2-1.6 ) .
ad + lewy pathology and other dementias decreased significantly over age @number@
objective : to produce age-related normograms for antral follicle count in an infertile population without polycystic ovaries.
design : retrospective cohort analysis.
setting : university teaching center.
patient ( s ) : eighteen hundred sixty-six infertile patients.
intervention ( s ) : baseline transvaginal ultrasound examination between days @number@ and @number@ of the menstrual cycle.
main outcome measure ( s ) : correlation between age and different percentiles of antral follicle count.
conclusion ( s ) : age-related normograms in infertile women without polycystic ovaries demonstrate a biphasic pattern of decreased antral follicles.
these normograms could provide a reference guide for the clinician in consulting with women with infertility.
however , future validation with longitudinal data is still needed.
study design : cross-sectional study.
setting : the center laboratory and the department of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery , beijing tongren hospital.
gustation was normal in all subjects , and there was no significant difference between younger and older groups.
conclusion : age and gender affect olfaction in chinese adults as measured by standard testing methods used in other human populations.
in healthy chinese subjects , gustation was normal and did not vary with age.
our data provide preliminary normative values for future investigation of chemosensation in the chinese population.
in particular the aged brain seems to be characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
a growing number of reports show that cytokines may specifically interact with neuronal channels regulating neuronal excitability , synaptic plasticity and responses to injury.
\ "immune senescence \ " is a descriptive term for the deleterious age-associated changes to immunity observed in all mammals studied so far.
here we review the impact of cmv on \ "immune senescence \ " in humans.
however , the role of semantic elaboration in mediating valence effects in the aging brain has not yet been explicitly tested.
these positive valence effects are predicted by individual differences in executive function in oas for the deep but not shallow task.
this issue is important to clarify since signalling and \ "trans-signalling \ " affect different tissues.
we investigated the relationship between ms and the interleukin-6 system in an older population.
methods : data from @number@ older community dwelling individuals ( age ≥ @number@ years ; females : @percent@ ) enrolled the inchianti study were analysed.
interleukin-6 , soluble interleukin-6 receptor ( sil-6r ) , and soluble glycoprotein @number@ ( sgp130 ) were measured on plasma by elisa.
furthermore , the association between sgp130 and ms disappeared after adjustment for homa.
testosterone deficiency afflicts approximately @percent@ of men ages 40-79 years.
testosterone replacement in deficient men with such co-morbidities ameliorates or partially reverses their progression.
emerging evidence indicates that androgens may provide a protective effect against the development and / or progression of atherosclerosis in men.
objective : to define an optimal model for the decline in circulating antimüllerian hormone ( amh ) with age and develop a validated age-related nomogram.
design : cohort study with validation of linear , biphasic linear , differential , power , and quadratic equations undertaken in two additional cohorts.
setting : united kingdom infertility clinics.
patient ( s ) : training cohort of @number@ infertile women.
intervention ( s ) : serum amh measurement.
main outcome measure ( s ) : optimal fit and age-related amh nomogram.
the parameters of the differential model were difficult to estimate , and the goodness-of-fit of the power model was slightly inferior to the quadratic model.
conclusion ( s ) : circulating amh concentrations decline with increasing reproductive age in a manner optimally described by a quadratic equation.
this validated age-related amh nomogram will enable counseling of infertility patients regarding reproductive performance.
the current population of nurses is aging and rapidly approaching retirement , and graduation of new nurses is not expected to meet demand.
multiple reports have offered information regarding the pending shortage and made recommendations regarding interventions.
it is important that suggested interventions be based upon current evidence.
an integrated review of literature was undertaken , searching cinahl , pubmed , academic search premier , medline , and psychinfo.
studies were limited to those conducted in the united states and published in english between @number@ and @number@
the education issues include a lack of qualified faculty and clinical sites to allow for more students to be accepted into the programs.
these are issues that can be addressed ; and changes , implemented.
steps must be taken immediately to resolve these issues in an effort to keep an adequate supply of nurses at the bedside.
background : patients undergoing cardiac surgery have a high frequency of preexisting cerebral ischemic lesions , the presence of which appears to predict cognitive sequelae.
patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis ( as ) incur an exceptionally high risk for perioperative cerebral ischemia.
the extreme risk in this subgroup may arise from the preexisting burden of cerebral ischemic disease.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects were included in this study.
the dependence of lesion volume upon age , sex , coronary artery disease , and the severity of as were tested.
genetic variation in this pathway may also affect human longevity.
we review the evidence for the effect of this pathway on longevity with a focus on the genetic studies in humans to date.
the glycemic index ( gi ) indicates how fast blood glucose is raised after consuming a carbohydrate-containing food.
human metabolic studies indicate that gi is related to patho-physiological responses after meals.
over the past three decades , several human health disorders have been related to gi.
the strongest relationship suggests that consuming low-gi foods prevents diabetic complications.
diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) is a complication of diabetes.
in this aspect , gi appears to be useful as a practical guideline to help diabetic people choose foods.
although data from randomized controlled intervention trials are scanty , these observations are strongly supported by evolving molecular mechanisms which explain the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia.
this wide range of evidence implies that dietary hyperglycemia is etiologically related to human aging and diseases , including dr and amd.
in this context , these diseases can be considered as metabolic retinal diseases.
several lines of evidence indicate that the retina is particularly vulnerable when hypoxia coincides with hyperglycemia.
we propose a novel hyperglycemic , hypoxia-inducible factor ( hif ) pathway , to complement the current theories regarding hyperglycemic pathogenesis.
hif is a transcription complex that responds to decrease oxygen in the cellular environment.
to this extent , we suggest that hif can also be described as a hyperglycemia-inducible factor.
there is an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers of exposure , surrogate endpoints , as well as susceptibility for gi.
these insights would also be helpful in deciphering the detailed hyperglycemia-related biochemical mechanisms for the development of new therapeutic agents.
neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis or the progression of a variety of acute and chronic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders , including alzheimer's disease.
purines are ubiquitous molecules with important roles in the regulation of metabolic networks and signal transduction events.
two types of adenosine receptors seem to be relevant to the sleep function , a1 and a2a.
caffeine , an antagonist of adenosine receptors , has been used as a tool in some of the studies reviewed in the present chapter.
caffeine is a methylated-derivate of xanthine with profound effects on the onset and quality of sleep episodes.
this purine acts principally as an antagonist of the a2a receptors.
modulators of purine actions have the potential to alleviate insomnia and other sleep disorders based on their physiopathological role during the sleep process.
background : rapid assessment for the avoidable blindness ( raab ) was conducted in qatar during @number@
we present the prevalence and determinants of visual disabilities and status of cataract among citizens aged @number@ years and older.
methods : residents of randomly selected houses and clusters participated in the survey.
opticians noted the presenting and the best corrected vision of participants from @number@ clusters.
ophthalmologists examined participants with additional instruments like bio-microscope , digital camera , auto-perimeter and auto-refractor in a mobile van.
persons with va < @date@ and cataract were interviewed to calculate coverage and barriers for cataract surgeries.
age sex adjusted prevalence of visual disabilities and their @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) were estimated.
results : we examined @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants.
female and older age groups were significant risk factors of visual disabilities.
cataract and glaucoma were the main causes of visual disabilities.
the coverage of cataract services was @percent@.
conclusions : to reduce avoidable blindness , un-operated cataract should be addressed.
primary and secondary eye care systems should be strengthened to improve the care of blinding eye diseases in qatar.
the distribution of a population throughout the physiological age of the individuals is very relevant information in population studies.
it has been modeled by the langevin and the fokker-planck equations.
a major problem with these equations is that they allow the physiological age to move back in time.
this paper proposes an infinitesimally ratcheted random walk as a way to solve that problem.
two mathematical representations are proposed.
one of them uses a nonlocal scalar field.
the other one is local , but involves a multicomponent field of speed states.
these two formulations are compared to each other and to the fokker-planck equation.
the relevant properties are discussed.
the dynamics of the mean and variance of the population age resulting from the two proposed formulations are obtained.
the influence of a half-mile walk on the visual acuity of older people who engaged in physical activity was examined.
@number@ elderly people of both sexes ( @number@ men , @number@ women ; m age = @number@ yr. , sd = @number@ ) participated.
all were assessed before and after the half-mile walking test for visual acuity ( snellen optotype scale ) and heart rate.
the data indicated a significant decrease in visual acuity as a result of the half-mile test.
facial aesthetics and rejuvenation techniques have been evolving , with the most commonly applied techniques being the use of hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum neurotoxins.
larger studies are underway to study optimal techniques for administering ha and bnt combined in a single syringe.
clinically , actinic keratoses ( solar keratoses ) are keratotic lesions that occur on chronically sunlight-exposed skin.
histologically , they are epidermal tumors.
presenting with a spectrum of clinical features , actinic keratoses are believed to be predictors and precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
aging skin is a leading concern of most men and women seeking cosmetic dermatologic consultation.
clinical improvement of periocular rhytides was achieved after a single sonic infusion treatment ( @number@ seconds / eye ) .
patients with more severe rhytides and those older than @number@ years of age showed the best clinical results.
botulinum neurotoxin type a ( btx-a ) preparations are well established for cosmetic use.
nt @number@ is a btx-a preparation that is free from complexing proteins and is in the advanced stages of aesthetic development.
pivotal clinical studies in therapeutic indications demonstrate noneriority and comparable safety of nt @number@ to another available btx-a preparation.
this article reviews the pharmacologic and clinical profiles of btx-a preparations currently available and in development.
novel btx-a preparations may offer advantages over existing products in terms of handling and immunogenicity.
there is widespread evidence that memory deteriorates with aging , however the exact mechanisms that underlie these changes are not well understood.
recent evidence from animal studies suggests that hyperactivity in the ca3 region of the hippocampus may underlie behavioral deficits in pattern separation in aged rats.
here , we report evidence that is consistent with findings from the animal studies.
we found a behavioral impairment in pattern separation in a sample of healthy older adults compared with young controls.
we also found a related increase in ca3 / dentate gyrus activity levels during an fmri contrast that stresses pattern separation abilities.
the hippocampus is deteriorated in various pathologies such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and such deterioration has been linked to memory impairment.
here , we optimized the episodic face-name paired-associates task in order to test the functioning of the hippocampus in normal aging.
critically , we found no difference in the activation of the hippocampus between the young and a group of older participants.
analysis of individual patterns of activation substantiated this impression.
collectively , these findings provide evidence of preserved hippocampal functioning in normal aging.
work was approved by our institutional human subjects review board.
data reported here point to the importance of additional work to elucidate the role of papp-a in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration.
the incidence of metabolic syndrome increases substantially during perimenopause and early menopause.
hypertension and diabetes become more prevalent with age and should be timely diagnosed and treated.
lifestyle changes including moderately decreased caloric intake and aerobic exercise could prevent proatherogenic changes and weight gain observed with aging.
the last factor increases bone density at puberty , mostly due to estrogen production.
during reproductive aging as the ovaries lose most of their follicles , estrogen production declines.
this process starts before menses have changed , when fertility starts to be reduced.
the most rapid loss of bone density occurs after actual menopause.
thereafter the rate of bone substance loss slows to the same rate as seen in aging men and is likely related to aging itself.
in conclusion , decline in estrogen production is a major cause of bone mineral decrease.
vasomotor symptoms ( vms ) are recognized to adversely affect the quality of life.
the prevalence and the magnitude of vms may vary across populations.
this article reviews the symptoms and relates that vms are of significant concern for the aging asian women.
female sexual dysfunction ( fsd ) affects ~50% of postmenopausal women.
unfortunately , it often goes undiagnosed because both patients and health-care providers may be reluctant to bring it up at an annual office visit.
fsd encompasses both physical and emotional components , all of which are often intermingled.
this review discusses some of the common etiologies and diagnostic and management options.
implications of the findings to social work education are discussed.
mat scores did not differ across administration modes.
furthermore , the mat detected normative decreases in executive ability in later life.
the correlation between mat performance and educational attainment was small.
finally , practice effects , which were influenced by age , were found between administration times.
these findings provide important implications for both research and clinical applications of the mat in older populations.
consistent with previous results , speed ability and fluid cognitive ability were strongly correlated with trail making performance.
the flexor muscles around the hip joint include femoral rectus and abdominal muscles.
these muscles have been implicated in falling in the elderly people.
reduction of the muscular regulation capacity due to aging can be detected by performing semg during bft by using a parameter in the muscles.
the deheterochromatinization t ( m ) was decreased by ~3-3.5°c compared with the t ( m ) observed for young individuals.
thus , the chromatin of cultured lymphocytes from the old-aged individuals underwent modification under the influence of copper and cadmium salts.
cu ( ii ) caused additional heterochromatinization of heterochromatin , and cd ( ii ) caused deheterochromatinization of facultative and constitutive heterochromatin.
the incidence and prevalence of older adults living with hiv infection is increasing.
thus far , a dozen of genes have been identified that are responsible for inherited pd.
however they only account for about @percent@ of pd cases , most of the cases likely involving environmental contributions.
to better understand the specificity of daergic neurodegeneration , we studied mn toxicity in vivo in caenorhabditis elegans.
prolonging life at the expense of its quality can rob elderly people of peaceful , meaningful years , muriel gillick tells les olson.
dna double-strand breaks are the most dangerous dna lesions that may lead to massive loss of genetic information and cell death.
cells repair dsbs using two major pathways : nonhomologous end joining ( nhej ) and homologous recombination ( hr ) .
our laboratory has developed fluorescent reporter constructs that allow sensitive and quantitative measurement of nhej and hr.
the constructs are based on an engineered gfp gene containing recognition sites for a rare-cutting i-scei endonuclease for induction of dsbs.
the starting constructs are gfp negative as the gfp gene is inactivated by an additional exon , or by mutations.
successful repair of the i-scei-induced breaks by nhej or hr restores the functional gfp gene.
the number of gfp positive cells counted by flow cytometry provides quantitative measure of nhej or hr efficiency.
numerous unfavorable factors that disturb the balance between resorption and bone formation affect bone mechanical strength.
also mechanical loading ( body mass and muscle tension ) and risk factors for osteoporosis affect bone strength.
loading that can be applied to the bone is limited by bone structure.
at the same time , loading applied to the bone may condition its structure.
this is possible thanks to the cellular mechanisms of bone modeling and remodeling called adaptation.
physical therapy affects bone mechanical strength by stimulating bone cells.
the analysis of the studies on bone mechanical strength confirms the efficacy of physical exercise , which is an important element of comprehensive management.
a lower risk of falls and fractures has been observed in patients who had received physical therapy apart from pharmacological treatment.
it has also been observed that an increase in bone mechanical strength is not necessarily reflected in densitometric evaluation.
objective : endoscopic surgery to the nasopharyngeal portion of the eustachian tube ( et ) has been advocated for et dysfunction.
it is therefore essential to understand the relationship between the et and the internal carotid artery ( ica ) from an endoscopic perspective.
study design : retrospective database review.
setting : tertiary and university hospital.
patients : general population undergoing cervical ct scanning.
intervention ( s ) : @number@ sides were reviewed in @number@ ct scans.
the data were analyzed for any minimum \ "safe distance. \ "
the artery was assessed for an aberrant path.
results : the minimum distance from et to ica was @number@ mm ( average @number@ mm ) .
the predicted \ "safe distance \ " decreases with age from @number@ mm to @number@ mm in females and @number@ to @number@ mm in males.
fr to ica distance was very small in some patients ( minimum @number@ mm ) .
the ica was an average @number@ mm from the midline ( minimum @number@ mm ) .
the et / ica / midline angle varied from @number@.0- to @number@.6- ( average @number@.7- ) .
@percent@ have at least @number@ aberrant ica.
these patients have significantly shorter et / ica distances ( @percent@ ci @number@ y @number@ mm , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the distance from ica to et varies between males and females.
there is no safe distance from fr to ica.
background : physical activity is an essential ingredient in the recipe for successful aging , yet physical activity engagement declines with advancing age.
conclusions : social strain may positively influence adaptive health promoting behaviors.
potential pathways are considered.
methods : individual data on trust were collected from @number@ @number@ adults in @number@ countries.
these data were linked to country data on income inequality , public health expenditures , healthy life expectancy , and adult mortality.
regression analyses tested for statistical mediation of the association between income inequality and population health outcomes by country differences in trust and health expenditures.
trust correlated with life expectancy ( r = @number@ ) and mortality ( r = @number@ ) and partly mediated their relations to income inequality.
health expenditures did not correlate with life expectancy and mortality , and health expenditures did not mediate links between inequality and health.
conclusions : income inequality might contribute to short life expectancy and adult mortality in part because of societal differences in trust.
societies with low levels of trust may lack the capacity to create the kind of social supports and connections that promote health and successful aging.
we investigated the relationship between chagas disease and long-term stroke mortality in a large community-based cohort of older adults.
methods : participants were @number@ ( @percent@ from total ) residents aged ≥ @number@ years in bambuí city , brazil.
the end point was death from stroke.
potential confounding variables included age , sex , conventional stroke risk factors , and high sensitive c-reactive protein.
results : participants of this study were followed from @number@ to @number@ leading to @number@ person-years of observation.
the baseline prevalence of t. cruzi infection was @percent@ and the overall mortality rate from stroke was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
conclusions : this study provides new evidence supporting a causal link between chagas disease and stroke.
we investigated both issues in a large population-based sample of elderly individuals.
the degree of dvrs was associated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities and the prevalence of lacunes , but not with brain atrophy.
background : although data remain contradictory , rapid response systems are implemented across us hospitals.
we aimed to determine whether implementation of a rapid response team ( rrt ) in a tertiary academic hospital improved outcomes.
methods : our hospital is a tertiary academic medical center with 24-h in-house resident coverage.
outcomes included incidence of codes ( cardiac and / or respiratory arrests ) , outcome of the codes , and overall hospital mortality.
the rrt was activated @number@ times ( @number@ calls per @number@ patient days ) .
there was no difference in the code rate ( @number@ vs @number@ per @number@ patient days , p = @number@ ) .
the mortality was @percent@ in the control group and @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively , during the next three consecutive 9-month intervals.
discussion : although veterans experience better health relative to nonveterans around retirement age , they have poorer health than nonveterans among the oldest old.
cd31 ( + ) t cells , or so-called \ "angiogenic t cells , \ " have been shown to demonstrate vasculoprotective and neovasculogenic qualities.
the influence of age on cd31 ( + ) t-cell number and function is unclear.
cd31 ( + ) t cells were isolated from peripheral blood samples by magnetic-activated cell sorting.
numerical and functional impairments in this unique t-cell subpopulation may contribute to diminished angiogenic potential and greater cardiovascular risk with advancing age.
very little attention has been given to the combined effects of aging and disuse as separate factors causing deterioration in muscle mechanical function.
changes in maximal isometric and dynamic muscle strength were similar between om and ym.
we also examine the role of the intron enhancer , eμ , in establishing the pre-rearrangement chromatin structure.
previous studies have demonstrated that functional limitations increase , and organizational volunteering decreases , the risk of mortality in later life.
however , scant attention has been paid to investigating the joint effect of functional limitations and organizational volunteering on mortality.
accordingly , we tested the hypothesis that volunteering moderates the relation between functional limitations and risk of mortality.
data on mortality were extracted six years later from the national death index.
rs3741916 showed the strongest load association ( p = @number@ ) .
this is consistent with results from the @number@ published follow-up studies and in opposite direction of the original report.
meta-analysis of the published series with ours suggests presence of heterogeneity ( breslow-day p < @number@ ) .
our results support the presence of load variants and heterogeneity at the gapdh locus.
the most promising rs3741916 variant is unlikely to be functional given opposing effects in different series.
identification of functional variant ( s ) in this region likely awaits deep sequencing.
insulin-like growth factors ( igfs ) are important modulators of organismal life-span all along phylogeny.
these growth factors are widely viewed as detrimental for long life by reducing tissue resistance to oxidative stress.
however , igf-i has been consistently shown to be a potent neuroprotective factor in mammals , and as such , a deterrent of brain aging.
conversely , recent data suggest that igf-i may contribute to amyloid neurodegeneration underlying alzheimer's disease.
these opposing observations underline an incomplete understanding of the significance of this ancestral hormone pathway in relation to brain aging.
it is possible that these opposite results are the consequence of using different experimental approaches.
we suggest to directly address brain igf-i function in the varying experimental approaches used to confirm that changes have taken place in the desired way.
the face-to-face interactions of infants and their parents are a model system in which critical communicative abilities emerge.
overall , developmental changes were most evident when the probability of specific behaviors was examined in specific interactive contexts.
mother's smiled predictably in response to infant smiles , for example , and infant smile initiations become more predictable over developmental time.
study participants were followed in annual or biennial health examinations between @number@ and @number@
the presence of fatty liver was determined at each examination by ultrasound.
during @number@ person-years of follow-up , @number@ participants developed fatty liver on ultrasound examination.
a graded and statistically significant association persisted after adjusting for other cardiometabolic factors and also in time-dependent models.
serum uric acid was an independent risk factor of incident fatty liver detected by ultrasonography.
additional research should clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and the role of hyperuricemia in the development of fatty liver.
aging has been considered the main risk factor for ad.
amyloid deposits ( aβ-d ) and neurofibrillary tangles ( nft ) are pathological changes related to ad involving hippocampal regions.
different degrees of ad pathology have been described according to distribution of nfts in different topographical regions of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
the hippocampus shows a selective vulnerability under several noxes especially those including hypoxia.
hypoxia in the nervous tissue induces oxidative stress.
aortic valves are comprised of highly organized extracellular matrix compartmentalized in cusp and annulus regions , which have different functions.
the objective of this study was to measure regional mechanical properties of mouse aortic valve tissue using a modified micropipette aspiration technique.
aortic valves were isolated from juvenile , adult and aged adult c57bl / 6 wild type mice.
tissue tensile stiffness was determined for annulus and cusp regions using a half-space punch model.
stiffness for the annulus region was significantly higher compared to the cusp region at all stages.
further , aged adult valve tissue had decreased stiffness in both the cusp and annulus.
quantitative histochemical analysis revealed a collagen-rich annulus and a proteoglycan-rich cusp at all stages.
in aged adult valves , there was proteoglycan infiltration of the annulus hinge , consistent with the observed mechanical differences over time.
these findings indicate that valve tissue biomechanical properties vary in wild type mice in a region-specific and age-related manner.
biases of > 10% were present for @percent@ of samples for ldl-c , while for hdl-c this value was @percent@.
conclusions : direct assays for both ldl-c and hdl-c provide an acceptable guide for lipid treatment.
in framingham offspring study participants most chd cases had ldl-c levels above the recommended target.
background : elderly patients admitted to geriatric assessment units ( gau ) typically have complex health problems that require multi-professional care.
conventional discharge summaries do not adequately incorporate the elements specific to an aging clientele.
results : a consensus was reached after two rounds of consultation for all the items evaluated , where none was judged \ "inappropriate \ ".
conclusions : the d-safe was developed as a more comprehensive tool specifically designed for gau inpatients.
this article summarizes the important issues discussed at the meeting.
historically , regulatory agencies started to promote the inclusion of older participants in clinical trials in the late 1980s.
there is growing interest in using patient-directed incentives to change health-related behaviors.
advocates of incentive programs have proposed an ambitious research agenda for moving patient incentive programs forward.
the unique cognitive and psychological features of older adults , however , present a challenge to this agenda.
differences in decision-making in older adults need to be accounted for in the design and implementation of financial incentive programs.
the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) represents the interface between the brain and other body tissues.
aging , systemic diseases , and ischemic injury can disrupt these processes , resulting in a decline in overall bbb function and integrity.
priority areas for a future research agenda include strategies to improve clinicians ' ability to diagnose , prevent , and manage bbb abnormalities.
objectives : to provide pooled data on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly people as evaluated using the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
design : retrospective pooled analysis of previously published datasets.
setting : hospital , rehabilitation , nursing home , community.
participants : four thousand five hundred seven people ( @percent@ female ) with a mean age of @number@
measurements : the prevalence of malnutrition in the combined database and in the four settings was examined.
results : twenty-four data sets with information on full mna classification from researchers from @number@ countries were submitted.
in the combined database , the \ "at risk \ " group had a prevalence of @percent@.
consequently , approximately two-thirds of study participants were at nutritional risk or malnourished.
conclusion : the mna has gained worldwide acceptance and shows a high prevalence of malnutrition in different settings , except for the community.
because of its specific geriatric focus , the mna should be recommended as the basis for nutritional evaluation in older people.
design : cross-sectional analysis of data.
setting : data collected in the finnish population-based health @number@ survey.
participants : one thousand eighty-four men and @number@ women aged @number@ and older with complete data on anthropometry , hand-grip strength and self-reported mobility.
measurements : mobility limitation was defined as difficulty walking @number@ km or climbing stairs.
receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to estimate hand-grip strength cut points for likelihood of mobility limitation.
in women , bmi-specific hand-grip strength cutoff values was not markedly more accurate than the overall cutoff value.
conclusion : the hand-grip strength test is a useful tool to identify persons at risk of mobility limitation.
in men , hand-grip strength cut points for mobility increased with bmi , whereas in women , only one hand-grip strength threshold was identified.
design : double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial.
setting : a major medical institution.
intervention : participants received @number@ mg / d dhea or placebo for @number@ months ; all received calcium and cholecalciferol.
women participated in 90-minute twice-weekly exercise regimens.
results : eighty-seven women ( @percent@ ) completed @number@ months.
there were no significant changes in bmd or bone turnover markers.
no changes were found in bmd either due to small sample size , short duration of study or no effect.
the physical function findings are promising and require further evaluation as frail women are at high risk for falls and fracture.
design : retrospective cohort study using data from a @percent@ national sample of medicare beneficiaries.
setting : hospital.
participants : to examine temporal trends , @number@ medicare admissions in @number@ to @number@ at @number@ u.s. hospitals were used.
to examine the influence of patient and hospital characteristics , @number@ admissions in @number@ were used.
measurements : hospital los.
for @number@ admissions , differences in los were greater in older patients and patients with a higher diagnosis-related group ( drg ) weight.
aim : this article examines whether neurocognitive deficits or age prevents people with borderline personality disorder from being considered responsible and competent.
method : a review of the literature was undertaken relating to borderline personality disorder ( bpd ) , personal responsibility and competency.
conclusion : clinical , legal and ethical literature support this result and thereby re-establishes a basis for the recognition and respect of an individual's dignity.
in addition biomarkers have emerged which will allow the identification of patients with a high risk of cardiovascular hepatic and gastrointestinal side effects.
aging is the primary risk factor of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , the molecular events occurring during brain aging are extremely complex and still largely unknown.
for a better understanding of these age-associated modifications , animal models as close as possible to humans are needed.
we thus analyzed the transcriptome of the temporal cortex of the primate microcebus murinus using human oligonucleotide microarrays ( affymetrix ) .
gene expression data of the @number@ genes that were detected in at least @number@ samples were analyzed.
by sam ( significance analysis of microarrays ) , we identified @number@ genes that discriminated young from healthy old and \ "ad-like \ " animals.
these findings were confirmed by principal component analysis ( pca ) .
these data suggest the existence of compensatory mechanisms during physiological brain aging that disappear in \ "ad-like \ " animals.
these results open the way to new exploration of physiological and \ "ad-like \ " aging in primates.
background : the quaking viable ( qk ( v ) ) mouse has several developmental defects that result in rapid tremors in the hind limbs.
the qki isoforms are known to regulate rna metabolism within oligodendrocytes , however , little is known about their roles during cellular stress.
we show in glial cells that qki-6 co-localizes with ago2 and the myelin basic protein mrna in cytoplasmic stress granules.
conclusions : our findings define the qki isoforms as ago2-interacting proteins.
we also identify the qki-6 isoform as a new component of stress granules in glial cells.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid plaques in the brain.
plaques are composed of the amyloid-β peptide derived from cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
the aldicarb hypersensitivity can be rescued by full length apl-1 in a dose dependent fashion.
at the cellular level , kinesins unc-104 / kif-1a and unc-116 / kinesin-1 are positive regulators of apl-1 expression in the neurons.
loss of function of a different small gtpase , unc-108 , on the contrary , leads to the retention of apl-1 in the cell body.
accumulation of molecular damage and increased molecular heterogeneity are hallmarks of photoaged skin and pathogenesis of human cutaneous disease.
we aimed to reveal the relative sensitivity of these tools in a memory clinic setting.
at the stage of cdr @number@ all tools showed high positive percentages.
our aim in this study was to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and cardiorespiratory fitness , isometric strength , and explosive strength during adolescence.
information about duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding was obtained retrospectively by means of a parental questionnaire.
the 20-m shuttle run , handgrip strength , and standing long jump tests were used to assess physical fitness.
these findings suggest a role of breastfeeding in determining lower body explosive strength during adolescence.
context : hemoglobin a1c ( a1c ) was recently added to the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes.
objective : our objective was to examine performance of a1c in comparison with fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) in diagnosing dysglycemia in older adults.
results : of all participants , @number@ and @percent@ had undiagnosed diabetes by fpg≥126 mg / dl and a1c≥6.5% , respectively.
among the remaining participants , @percent@ had prediabetes by impaired fasting glucose ( ≥100 mg / dl ) and @percent@ by a1c≥5.7%.
roughly one third of individuals with diabetes and prediabetes were identified by either fpg or a1c alone and by both tests simultaneously.
sensitivities and specificities of a1c compared with fpg were @number@ and @percent@ for diabetes and @number@ and @percent@ for prediabetes , respectively.
blacks and women were more likely to be identified with dysglycemia by a1c than fpg.
broad implementation of a1c to diagnose dysglycemic states may substantially alter the epidemiology of these conditions in older americans.
background : sip feeds are oral nutritional supplements ( onss ) that are commonly prescribed to malnourished patients to improve their nutritional and clinical status.
design : prospective , observational.
subjects : thirty-six young adults ( 18-33 years ) and @number@ healthy older adults ( 63-85 years ) .
setting : department of food and nutritional sciences and the clinical health sciences at the university of reading.
methods : detection and recognition threshold levels , basic taste identification and ' just about right ' level of sweetness were examined.
conclusions : sweetness appears to be one of many factors contributing to the dislike of onss.
telomeres are repetitive dna sequences at the ends of eukaryote chromosomes.
telomere loss limits the number of times cells can divide and is intimately involved in cell loss and renewal.
average telomere length in cell samples generally declines with donor age but shows substantial intraspecific variation.
most telomere research is done in the context of human disease.
recently , however , there has been a burgeoning of interest in telomere dynamics in healthy organisms.
response to psychiatric medications in later life is highly heterogeneous and complex.
monoaminergic-related polymorphisms may influence medication response and susceptibility to side effects in elderly individuals.
by contrast , carriers of the higher expression homozygous long allele ( l / l ) genotype may respond at lower concentrations.
the differential role of these polymorphisms appears at early stages of treatment rather than in the final antidepressant outcome.
research findings suggest that the rs25531 snp may influence functional expression of the l allele.
studies in dopamine-related polymorphisms have focused on associations with neuroleptic-induced movement disorders.
background : socioeconomic inequalities in obesity are consistently observed in high-income countries.
the development of such inequalities across childhood ; however , has not been studied using longitudinal data.
individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models , and differences in trajectories by socioeconomic position ( measured by maternal education ) were investigated.
results : there was little socioeconomic patterning of pi from birth to @number@ years.
socioeconomic differences in bmi began to emerge by @number@ years old , and widened with increasing age.
amongst girls there was a clear gradient across all categories of maternal education by age @number@ with daughters of more educated women being less adipose.
amongst boys , sons of degree-educated women had lower bmi but there was little difference between the lower maternal education categories.
the results imply that interventions to prevent inequalities in childhood obesity should begin in pre-school years.
thirty-three women who emigrated from vietnam to the united states after @number@ participated in audiotaped interviews.
ethnographic content analysis was used to identify themes and categories.
major theme ofresiliency and security were identified.
neurodegenerative disorders are some of the most feared illnesses in modern society , with no effective treatments to slow or halt this neurodegeneration.
this is followed by an outline of the major mechanism underlying neuroprotection against neurodegeneration offered by caffeine and adenosine receptor agents.
background : the influence of aging on video capsule endoscopy ( vce ) in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding ( ogib ) has never been prospectively assessed.
methods : forty-eight consecutive patients referred to our unit for obscure-overt gi bleeding from @date@ to @date@ were prospectively evaluated.
the vce completion rate and clinically significant findings were studied.
results : the cecum was reached in @percent@ of patients.
there was no difference between the two groups of patients in the vce completion rate ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = 0.4 ) .
the overall diagnostic yield was @percent@.
a significant difference in the diagnostic yield between group a and group b ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = 0.04 ) was shown.
conclusions : old age is not a risk factor for incomplete vce examination and it is associated with increased vce yield.
authors provide results of their review of research in the field of biogerontology.
many research teams are dealing with the mechanisms of the neurodegeneration.
the authors conclude that better coordination and systematic funding of research in gerontology is needed because of the actual demographic challenges.
diabetic vasculopathy is characterized as a compromised vascular dilatation , implicated in many diabetic complications.
it appears to be activated eta and nadph ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ) oxidase in the vasculature.
glucose-lowering agents do not always blunt these changes , as these changes may be progressive leading to the end stage of renal disease.
the vascular insults by hypertension , hyperglycemia and aging may share the changes with diabetic vascular beds.
the early sign of subclinical atherosclerosis presented as an intima media thickness in the carotid may indicate endothelium dysfunction.
an application of agents which suppress the activated et-nadph oxidase in the vascular wall is beneficial to attenuate vascular abnormalities.
aims : the purpose of this study was to examine relationships among gait and mobility under single and dual task conditions in older adults.
methods : community-dwelling older adults ( n = 41 , mean age = 75 ) completed mobility and gait tasks.
mobility was assessed with the timed-up-and-go ( tug ) .
select gait parameters were examined while individuals walked at their preferred speed across the gaitrite electronic walkway.
two age groups were studied ( younger age group = 65-75 ; older age group = 76 + ) .
multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between gait and mobility under single vs dual conditions.
histaminergic neurons enhance cognition and memory , suggesting that their degeneration may contribute to the cognitive decline of ad.
besides neurons , the brain histaminergic system comprises mast cells and microglia that can also produce histamine.
the level of activity of this histaminergic system in ad remained unknown.
this decrease was similar whatever the age , and was slightly higher in females than in males.
in the present study , we investigated the impact of common foxp2 polymorphisms with regard to frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) .
two-hundred ten ftld patients underwent clinical and a wide standardized neuropsychological examination as well as brain imaging.
in all patients , and in @number@ age-matched healthy controls , four foxp2 polymorphisms were evaluated , namely rs2396753 , rs1456031 , rs17137124 and rs1852469.
spect images were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping ( spm5 ) .
no significant differences of the four foxp2 polymorphisms in genotype distribution and allele frequency between ftld and controls were observed.
a significant and specific association between rs1456031 tt and rs17137124 tt genotypes and verbal fluency scores was reported.
the two polymorphisms showed an addictive effect.
when the analysis was computed on the number of observations over time , and @number@ assessments considered , comparable results were obtained.
objective : to compare differences in self-rated oral health among community-dwelling black , hispanic , and white adults aged @number@ and older.
method : a total of @number@ participants in the national health and nutrition examination survey ( 1999-2004 ) provided self-report information on oral health.
results : blacks and hispanics reported poorer self-rated oral health than whites.
discussion : the study findings may have important implications for health policy and program development.
methods : the consensus conference was conducted with gerontological experts from various disciplines and environmental scientists.
using a structured methodology , participants achieved consensus on recommendations for a research agenda on aging and environmental sustainability.
the npm1 c-terminal domain was previously shown to bind nucleic acids.
biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis before and after the immobilization period.
in conclusion , our findings demonstrate a localization-dependent adaptation to immobilization in glycogen and mitochondria content of skeletal muscles of both young and old individuals.
objective : disproportionate growth of musculoskeletal tissue is a major cause of morbidity in both acromegalic ( acro ) and gh-deficient ( ghd ) patients.
gh / igf1 is likely to play an important role in the regulation of tendon and muscle collagen.
we hypothesized that the local production of collagen is associated with the level of gh / igf1.
moreover , muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis and tendon collagen morphology were determined.
igf1ea and igf1ec mrna expression in muscle was higher in acro patients versus ghd patients ( p < 0.01 ) .
muscle igf1ea mrna expression correlated positively with collagen i mrna expression ( p < 0.01 ) .
tendon collagen fibrillar area tended to be higher in ghd patients relative to acro patients ( p = 0.07 ) .
thus , we observed a higher expression for collagen and igf1 mrna in local musculotendinous tissue in acro patients relative to ghd patients.
moreover , there was a tendency towards a higher collagen protein fsr and a smaller collagen fibril diameter in acro patients relative to ghd patients.
demographic characteristics , average neuropsychological test performance , and sample frequencies and conversion rates were calculated for each classification.
receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analyses were employed to assess the predictive power of each cognitive classification.
the highest sample frequencies and conversion rates were associated with case definitions of multiple-domain mci.
the only diagnostic criteria to significantly predict dementia @number@ years later was the cognitive impairment no dementia ( cind ) -2 case definition.
the mutation was inserted in the mouse genome by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells.
in the developing cochlea , electrical coupling , probed by dual patch-clamp recordings , was normal.
our findings link hearing loss to decreased biochemical coupling due to the point-mutated cx30 in mice.
design : the new england registry for pdb ( nrpd ) is a voluntary registry with a questionnaire linked to a radiographic database.
data were collected by mail beginning in @number@
setting : ambulatory population.
patients : any patient with pdb living in new england was eligible to enroll ; @number@ elected to participate , mean age @number@ years.
main outcome measures : patients were asked what bones were affected by pdb , and whether they suffered complications from pdb.
radiographic studies were sought to corroborate their responses.
an sf-12 was administered.
there were more instances of agreement on disease presence and fewer instances on disagreement ( p = 0.001 ) .
tlusty's topological rate distortion analysis of the genetic code is applied to protein symmetries and protein folding rates.
unlike the genetic case , numerous thermodynamically accessible ' protein folding codes ' can be identified from empirical classifications.
folding rates follow from a topologically driven rate distortion argument , a model that can , in principle , be extended to intrinsically disordered proteins.
aging is a complex process resulting from , among other , dynamic non-linear interactions between genetics and environment.
centenarians are the best example of successful aging in humans , as they escaped from , or largely postponed , major age-related diseases.
ionic fluxes changes play a key role in several patho-physiological cellular processes , but their relation to human aging is largely unexplored.
moreover , cell membrane capacitance of df from elderly donors is smaller with respect to young donors and centenarians.
karlodinium micrum ( strain nmbjah047 ) was isolated from the water samples of east china sea ( ecs ) .
the hemolytic , ichthyotoxic , and cytotoxic activities of the algae was characterized.
embryotoxicity of both intra and extracellular extracts were also tested on a local sea urchin species.
the algal intracellular hemolytic toxicity averaged about @percent@ at different algal growth phases.
however , extracellular hemolytic activity depended on the population growth phase.
time and density dependent ichthyotoxicity to lateolabrax maculates juveniles was also detected.
the ld ( @number@ ) in @number@ h was @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) cells / ml.
a dose dependent acute toxicity to embryos of sea urchin was also determined.
the hemolytic compounds in the ecs strain were extracted and analyzed.
at least two fractions had significant hemolytic activities.
a lipid-like compound , named ( dgdg ) , was suggested to be responsible for the hemolytic activity in one of these fractions.
the formalism produces large-scale , quasi-equilibrium ' resilience ' states representing normal and pathological protein folding.
generalization to long times produces diffusion models of protein folding disorders in which epigenetic or life history factors determine the rate of onset of dysfunction.
background : the incidence of hip fractures is increasing within the aging population.
we investigated the overall rate of in-hospital mortality following hip fracture and how this mortality rate compares across academic and community hospitals.
results : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ consecutive patients were admitted with a hip fracture to @number@ community and @number@ academic hospitals.
the mean age was @number@ years and @percent@ were women.
the overall in-hospital mortality rate was @percent@ , with no difference between patients treated in academic versus community hospitals ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : acute care in-hospital mortality following hip fractures remains high and is consistent across academic and community hospitals.
however , the diverse , multiple and dynamic nature of demand for long-term care complicates the movement towards demand-based care provision.
this paper aims to advance long-term care practice and , to that end , examines the application of modularity.
this concept is recognized in a wide range of product and service settings for its ability to design demand-based products and processes.
in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ key informants and triangulated with document research and observation.
data was analyzed thematically by means of coding and subsequent exploration of patterns.
data analysis was facilitated by qualitative analysis software.
moreover , long-term care providers could benefit from joint provision of care and services by means of modular working teams.
based upon our findings , we are able to elaborate on how to further enable demand-based provision of long-term care by means of modularity.
moreover , sirtuins themselves can control metabolism through their ability to consume nad ( + ) .
in turn , cellular nad parameters may affect the generation of atp , a main cellular currency of energy.
therefore , sirtuins became recognized as critical affectors of cellular metabolism which participate in fat mobilization , gluconeogenesis , caloric restriction etc.
cellular senescence is viewed as a mechanism to restrict excessive cell growth when it is unnecessary or harmful.
it is therefore necessary to understand the mechanism of senescence to design new approaches to combat cancer.
growth in turn depends on metabolism as it requires energy.
human-induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) generated from human adult somatic cells through reprogramming hold great promises for future regenerative medicine.
here , we report the successful generation of human ipscs in a feeder-independent culture system with defined factors.
two stable human ipsc lines were established from primary human dermal fibroblasts of two healthy volunteers.
furthermore , subcutaneous transplantation of these cells into immunodeficient mice resulted in teratoma formation in @number@ to @number@ weeks.
we hypothesize that osa , independent of obesity , contributes to abnormal vascular function.
design : physiology study.
setting : academic medical centers.
patients : obese subjects , free of known comorbidities , were enrolled.
arterial stiffness was measured by arterial tonometry.
seventy-two subjects ( 43 / 72 women , 38 / 72 with osa ) were studied.
osa did not significantly influence vascular function in the skin microcirculation.
conclusions : in obesity , both osa and aging impair endothelial function and increase arterial stiffness.
the influence of osa on vascular function is most pronounced in young subjects.
based on braak staging of nfts , nfts are first observed in the entorhinal cortex.
then , nfts spread from the entorhinal cortex to the limbic and neocortex.
these suggest that regional development of nfts is correlated with decline of brain functions in aging and ad.
recent reports suggested that the process of nft formation , but not nft itself , is involved in neuronal dysfunction.
we found that there are three tau aggregation forms , soluble tau oligomer , granular tau , and fibrilar tau , before nft formation.
two principles should be kept in mind when performing preoperative evaluation of the elderly patient.
first , we should suspect the disease processes commonly associated with aging.
second , we should assess the degree of functional reserve of specific , pertinent organ systems.
preoperative risk assessment is focused on detailed review from anamnesis and physical examination together with the assessment of functional status.
especially , it is important to examine the cardiovascular and respiratory functions in the elderly patient.
no significant correlations were found with performance on tests of frontal function ( wcst , phonemic fluency , and backward digit span ) .
we conclude that the hippocampus is implicated in vivid re-experiencing of a familiar route , but not with map-like knowledge of a large-scale environment.
adipose tissue is composed of lipid-filled mature adipocytes and a heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction ( svf ) population of cells.
furthermore , ascs displayed more pronounced adipogenic differentiation capability relative to bmsc based on oil red staining ( 7-fold vs. @number@.85-fold induction ) .
in contrast , no difference between the stem cell types was detected for osteogenic differentiation based on alizarin red staining.
the findings support the use of both human ascs and bmscs for clinical regenerative medicine.
participants were @number@ hiv-infected men and women 50-plus years of age living in new york city , cincinnati , oh , and columbus , oh.
at no assessment period did coping improvement and interpersonal support group intervention participants differ in depressive symptoms.
vo ( 2p ) was measured breath-by-breath using a mass spectrometer.
vo ( 2p ) and ∆ [ hhb ] were modeled with a mono-exponential.
training was performed on a cycle-ergometer three times per week for @number@ min at ~70% of vo ( @number@ peak ) .
vision and audition provide spatial information about the environment to guide natural behavior.
in this study , we examined whether this interaction is altered by advancing age.
all three age groups demonstrated a time-dependent shift of auditory space in the direction of eye position.
moreover , this adaptation showed a clear decline with advancing age , but only for peripheral auditory space ( beyond ±10° from midline ) .
background : sandhoff disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of β-hexosaminidase and storage of gm2 ganglioside and related glycolipids.
cxcl13 was one of these upregulated genes and is expressed specifically in the thymus.
b1 cells were also found to have increased in the thy mus.
it is significant that these alterations in the thymus were reduced in fcrγ additionally disrupted hexb ( - / - ) mice.
background : the gustatory system plays a critical role in determining food preferences , food intake and energy balance.
in addition , ghrelin and ghsr co-localize in the same taste cells , suggesting that ghrelin works in an autocrine manner in taste cells.
to determine a role for ghrelin in modifying taste perception , we performed taste behavioral tests using ghsr null mice.
ghsr null mice exhibited significantly reduced taste responsivity to sour ( citric acid ) and salty ( sodium chloride ) tastants.
however , it is not known whether combining caloric restriction ( cr ) with exercise training is better in reducing slox-1 levels than cr alone.
the caloric deficit was ~2800 kcal per week for all groups.
results : the intervention groups were similar at baseline with respect to body weight , body composition , lipids and blood pressure.
all three interventions significantly reduced body weight ( ~14% ) , body fat and waist and hip circumferences to a similar degree.
thus , any genetic factors influencing human longevity may be associated with susceptibility to cmv and cmv-accelerated immunosenescence.
we also determined the capacity of t cells to respond against immunodominant ags from cmv in a smaller group of lls subjects and controls.
the latter also had significantly lower c-reactive protein levels , indicating a lower proinflammatory status compared with cmv-infected controls.
background : systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are substantially higher in older adults.
the relative contributions of increased forward versus reflected pressure wave amplitude or earlier arrival of the reflected wave to elevated pulse pressure remain controversial.
variation in forward wave amplitude paralleled pulse pressure throughout adulthood.
reflected wave timing differed modestly across age groups despite considerable differences in pulse wave velocity.
conclusions : higher pulse pressure at any age and higher pulse pressure with advancing age is associated predominantly with a larger forward pressure wave.
the influence of wave reflection on age-related differences in pulse pressure was minor.
whereas aβ is viewed as critical for alzheimer's disease pathogenesis , the role of other app processing products remains enigmatic.
despite being an active regulator of gene expression , appsβ did not rescue the lethality and neuromuscular synapse defects of app and aplp2 double-ko animals.
our studies identify ttr and klotho as physiological targets of app that are regulated by soluble appsβ independent of developmental app functions.
this unexpected app-mediated signaling pathway may play an important role in maintaining ttr and klotho levels and their respective functions in aβ sequestration and aging.
allele-specific dna methylation ( asm ) and allele-specific gene expression ( ase ) have long been studied in genomic imprinting and x chromosome inactivation.
asm , ase and astf have now been mapped genome-wide by microarray-based methods and nextgen sequencing.
the precise mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet understood , but there are some testable hypotheses and already a few direct clues.
the wrn gene encodes dna helicase participating in genome maintenance.
we looked for associations of natural aging with expression and methylation of this gene in blood mononuclear cells and with its common polymorphisms.
analyses were performed in ethnically homogenous polish caucasians.
we suggest that age-related decrease of the wrn expression but not its common genetic variants might contribute to human immunosenescence.
relations between regional brain volume change and age were determined using generalized additive models , an established nonparametric concept for approximating nonlinear relations.
brain atrophy rates varied nonlinearly with age , predominantly in regions of the temporal lobe.
the approach has potential uses for early detection of ad and differentiation between stable and progressing mci.
we aimed at testing reliable indices in these patient populations.
two indices including normalized crest time ( nct ) and crest time ratio ( ctr ) were also analysed and compared with the known parameters.
age-related loss of muscle mass and function greatly affects quality of life in the elderly population.
over the past few decades , age-associated degeneration of the neuromuscular junction ( nmj ) and its components have been well documented.
prevention of such oxidative cellular damage by the aqueous extract of phyllanthus amarus has been investigated in this study.
8-ohdg analysis of mtdna damage revealed substantial protective potential of the extract against mtdna damage.
sq-pcr of selected mtdna sequences confirmed the potential of the extract to alleviate levels of mtdna damage.
facs analysis with jc-1 fluorescent dye established significant escalation of mitochondrial membrane potential by the extract in ama-treated cells.
human fibroblasts nuclear extracts from @number@ donors of different ages were characterized in their ability to simultaneously excise the different lesions.
the third group included 8oxog , a paired with 8oxog , t at cpg site and hypoxanthine ( hx ) and displayed poor repair.
aging was significantly associated with modification of excision efficiency for ap sites , uracil , tg and 8oxog.
receiver-operating characteristic ( roc ) curves and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
setting : baltimore , maryland.
subjects : white and african-american us adults ( n @number@ ) , aged 30-64 years.
elevated percentage leg fat mass ( lgfm ) was protective against mets among african-american men.
among white men , bmi was inferior to wc in predicting mets.
objectives : nutrition plays a central role in health , with poor dietary habits and nutritional intake being associated with a range of chronic diseases.
the aim was to examine grocery purchasing behaviour in relation to chewing ability , dietary knowledge and socio-economic status ( ses ) among older adults.
design : data were collected by mailed survey in @number@
grocery purchasing was measured using a sixteen-item index of compliance of food purchasing with dietary guidelines.
self-reported number of teeth was classified as an inadequate dentition if less than twenty-one teeth were present.
chewing ability was based on a five-item chewing index.
dietary knowledge was collected using twenty true / false items.
ses was assessed using a subjective social status rating representing where people stand in society.
setting : population survey in adelaide , south australia.
subjects : adults aged 60-71 years.
results : responses were collected from @number@ persons ( response rate = 68·8 % ) .
among dentate persons , 24·4 % had an inadequate dentition with 10·3 % defined as ' chewing deficient'.
conclusions : for older adults , chewing deficiency and lower social status were associated with lower compliance with dietary guidelines , independent of dietary knowledge.
background : home healthcare services are important in aging societies worldwide.
the highest prevalence of home healthcare services was in the 75-84 year age group in both sexes.
females received more home healthcare services than males in all age groups.
cerebrovascular disease was the most frequent diagnosis in these patients ( @percent@ ) .
more than half of home healthcare visits and around half of the professional home visits were provided by community home nursing care institutions.
females used home healthcare services more frequently than males and the majority of skilled nursing services were tube replacements.
the rate of tube replacement of home healthcare patients in taiwan deserves to be paid more attention.
aim : the purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences of older adults ' return to leisure activities , following rehabilitation , post-stroke.
method : a phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of re-engaging in leisure occupations post-stroke.
data were analysed using thematic analysis.
conclusion : implications revealed that post-stroke interventions need a more occupation-focussed approach , including return to leisure at an earlier stage of stroke rehabilitation.
photovoice emerged as a powerful teaching method to increase awareness , empathy and compassion of young adults towards ageing.
macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 ( mic-1 / gdf15 ) is a member of the tgf-b superfamily , previously studied in cancer and inflammation.
these data suggested that mic-1 / gdf15 may be a marker of all-cause mortality.
serum mic-1 / gdf15 levels were determined for all subjects from samples taken at study entry.
a second ( independent ) cohort of @number@ same-sex twins ( @percent@ female ) from the swedish twin registry was similarly examined.
all the twins had telomere length measured and @number@ had serum levels of interleukin @number@ ( il-6 ) and c-reactive protein ( crp ) available.
patients were followed for up to @number@ years and had cause-specific and all-cause mortality determined.
this finding was validated in the twin cohort.
serum mic-1 / gdf15 remained an independent predictor of mortality when further adjusted for telomere length , il-6 and crp.
additionally , serum mic-1 / gdf15 levels were directly correlated with survival time independently of genetic background.
serum mic-1 / gdf15 is a novel predictor of all-cause mortality.
this article focuses on the role of papp-a in mammalian aging.
bace1 ( β-secretase ) plays a central role in the β-amyloidogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the ubiquitin-proteasome system , a major intracellular protein quality control system , has been implicated recently in bace1 metabolism.
the former are believed to be the major intracellular compartments where the app is cleaved by bace1 and β-amyloid is produced.
interestingly , we found that the expression of both fbx2 and pgc-1α was significantly decreased in the brains of aging tg2576 mice.
our study is the first to suggest that promoting fbx2 in the brain may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of ad.
background : nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing improves the texture of treated skin , but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinical improvements.
methods : twenty patients ( mean age @number@ years ) with photodamaged skin were focally treated on dorsal forearms with a nonablative fractionated laser.
serial skin samples were obtained at baseline and at various times after treatment.
biopsies were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction technology and immunohistochemical techniques.
this was followed by substantial increases in levels of several matrix metalloproteinases and later by significant induction of type i collagen.
dermal remodelling was noted with both low and high microbeam energy treatment parameters.
conclusions : nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing induces a well-organized wound-healing response that leads to substantial dermal remodelling and collagen induction.
surprisingly , only minimal differences were observed between lower and higher microbeam energy settings.
the composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte compartment underlies developmental changes during ontogeny.
recently , several new b cell populations have been characterized which were suggested to develop in an age-dependent manner.
however , age-dependent reference values for distinct b cell populations have rarely been reported.
therefore , we have characterized developmental changes in peripheral b cell populations from infancy to adulthood in order to define age-dependent reference values.
cd21 ( low ) cd38 ( low ) b cells as well as plasmablasts do not exhibit developmental changes.
in summary , we could demonstrate particular changes in the peripheral blood b cell compartment during ontogeny.
background : dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is a heart muscle disease with cardiac dysfunction and a heterogeneous disorder.
this disease may show various histopathological aspects of the myocardium , but little is known about these in children.
methods : histopathological findings of endomyocardial biopsy from @number@ pediatric patients with dcm were analyzed and compared with those in adult patients.
results : advanced histopathology , including myocytolysis and / or fragmentation of muscle bundles , was frequently observed in patients with poor prognosis.
patchy fibrosis was predominantly demonstrated in the pediatric patients , whereas perivascular fibrosis was mostly observed in the older adults.
conclusion : these results suggest that the major pathogenetic factors of dcm in children may be different from those in adults.
these results suggest that even low-fidelity driving simulators may be useful in predicting real-world outcomes.
younger and older listeners adapted to this accent , but older listeners showed poorer comprehension of the accent.
among the older participants , hearing acuity predicted the srt as well as the effect of the novel accent on srt.
finally , a measure of executive function predicted the impact of accent on srt.
these findings demonstrate the need to take into account both sensory and cognitive demands of speech materials in older adults ' language comprehension.
the present study examined age and cultural differences in cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being.
across cultures , older adults reported lower negative affect than did young adults.
americans reported higher self-life satisfaction , perceived family's life satisfaction , and positive affect than did chinese.
in addition , perceived family's life satisfaction was more related to self-life satisfaction for chinese than for americans.
findings are discussed in light of socioemotional selectivity theory and theories on culture and self-construal.
picture-naming performance for @number@ black-and-white drawings was investigated in @number@ hebrew speakers , ages 5-86.
late-life performance was more affected by access difficulty than was early-life performance , with children's responses limited by lexicon size.
immigrants performed more poorly than nonimmigrants , but an identical correlation between participant age and naming scores was found in both groups.
we discuss the role of vocabulary funds and controlled access in naming pictures throughout life.
during the saccade to the target word , the preview word changed to the target word.
we tested the effects of aging on the use of prosody to convey meaning and the ability to monitor communicative effectiveness.
participants read aloud ambiguous sentences with the goal of clearly communicating one designated meaning.
young adults believed they communicated their message clearly , and older adults evaluated their own communication even more favorably.
the inhibitory deficit hypothesis has often been cited as a possible explanation for cognitive changes related to age.
the aim of this study was to develop a new procedure for evaluating effortful inhibition on the basis of the comprehension of metaphors.
our experiment was carried out on younger and older adults , in whom we also measured inhibitory capacity , working memory , and processing speed.
the results show that older participants required a longer time and made more frequent errors in rejecting metaphors versus literally false statements.
the interference effect was predicted by the psychometric tests designed to evaluate inhibition.
analyses are based on the national survey of midlife development ( midus ) , a 2-wave panel survey of adults in the contiguous united states.
results indicate that compared with continuously married controls , widowed participants experienced a significant decline in positive emotion within @number@ years following loss.
conversely , no significant declines in positive emotion were evident among widowed persons with greater preloss trait resilience or greater marital strain.
results provide support for the notion that adjustment to loss may be linked to factors that precede actual loss.
research has consistently shown that despite aging-related losses , older adults have high levels of emotional well-being relative to those in young and midlife adults.
results from structural equation models indicated lower levels of negative affect with advancing age.
mastery was consistently related to higher well-being , with the strongest associations evident for young adults.
results are discussed in the context of life course perspectives on goal orientations and self-regulatory processes.
resilience is often considered both a trait and a process.
coupled damped linear oscillator models succinctly describe daily stress and negative affect in terms of developmental forces ( e.g. , velocity , acceleration ) .
to identify resilience resources related to reliable interindividual differences in coupling and damping between stress and negative affect , we examined possible protective factors.
young and older adults viewed a series of actors performing different actions.
participants returned @number@ week later for a recognition test.
older adults were more likely than young adults to falsely recognize novel conjunctions of familiar actors and actions.
this age-related binding deficit occurred even when older adults could discriminate old items from new items just as well as could young adults.
correlations with wm within each age group were reduced for pm tasks that had more regular or focal cues.
wm ( but not vigilance ) ability was a strong predictor of irregular pm tasks with less focal cues.
in addition , we have examined whether prodromal dementia affects the study outcome.
statistical analyses were conducted with and without participants who developed dementia within @number@ years after the mri scan session.
it was found that asymmetry did not differ over the age range of 52-84 years of age.
this result did not change when data from participants who were diagnosed with dementia within @number@ years after mri assessment were excluded from the analysis.
in addition , no gray matter asymmetry differences were found between cognitively stable participants and participants who showed cognitive decline.
we conclude that alterations in gray matter asymmetry may not be part of the healthy aging process.
in this study , the authors addressed the longitudinal nature of intraindividual variability over @number@ years.
the time-varying covariation between cognition and inconsistency was significant across the 1-year intervals and remained stable across both time and age.
on occasions when intraindividual variability was high , participants ' cognitive performance was correspondingly low.
variability based on moderately and highly complex tasks provided the strongest prediction.
these results suggest that intraindividual variability is highly sensitive to even subtle changes in cognitive ability.
the authors of the current study combined these tasks to create a stroop switching task.
performance was compared across young adults , older adults , and individuals diagnosed with very mild dementia.
results indicated that this task strongly discriminated individuals with healthy aging from those with early-stage dat.
the present research examined stressful life events and personality development across middle adulthood.
descriptions were coded to classify events into broad content domains based on the nature of the event.
prospectively , individuals high in neuroticism perceived the event as a turning point ; extraverts learned a lesson from it.
characteristics of the events themselves were primarily unrelated to trait change.
the study used a daily process design to examine the role of psychological resilience and positive emotions in the day-to-day experience of pain catastrophizing.
mediation analyses revealed that psychologically resilient individuals rebound from daily pain catastrophizing through experiences of positive emotion.
implications for research on psychological resilience , pain catastrophizing , and positive emotions are discussed.
specifically , we tested whether priming was equivalently sensitive in both age groups to reversal of the task-specific decision cue.
thus , the ability to encode an association between a stimulus and its initial task-specific response appears to be preserved in aging.
these findings provide an important example of a form of associative processing that is unimpaired in older adults.
two experiments examined how sensory acuity affects age differences in susceptibility to interference in the reading-with-distraction task.
in both experiments , older and younger adults read texts in an italic font and were required to ignore distractor words in an upright font.
experiment @number@ examined whether the age-related increase in distractibility can be simulated in younger adults by reducing their visual acuity.
experiment @number@ investigated whether the age differences in distractibility disappear if visual acuity is equated across all participants in both age groups.
both experiments showed that an impairment in visual acuity leads to increased interference in the reading-with-distraction task.
however , older adults were much more impaired by the distractor material than younger adults with reduced visual acuity ( experiment @number@ ) .
the age differences in the reading-with-distraction task persisted when visual acuity was equated between older and younger adults ( experiment @number@ ) .
nevertheless , sensory acuity has to be taken into account as a potential confounding factor in perceptually demanding visual attention tasks.
objective : to test the hypothesis that the number of areas of musculoskeletal pain reported is related to incident disability.
methods : subjects included @number@ older persons from the rush memory and aging project without dementia , stroke , or parkinson's disease at baseline.
mobility disability was also assessed using a performance-based measure.
results : the average followup was @number@ years.
the association with self-report mobility disability did not reach significance ( hr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.99-1.20 ) .
conclusion : among nondisabled community-dwelling older adults , the risk of disability increases with the number of areas reported with musculoskeletal pain.
the process of aging is the result of subcutaneous loss of volume , in addition to vertical tissue descent.
surgeons are therefore emphasizing soft tissue augmentation to achieve a natural , rejuvenated appearance in patients.
autologous fat grafting is now a commonly performed aesthetic procedure.
autologous fat grafting is a challenging procedure , due to the fragile characteristic of adipose tissue.
viability of transplanted fat is a main consideration when fat grafting is performed.
poor fat viability produces an inadequate result and thus can be considered as a complication of this procedure.
many studies have demonstrated that fat longevity is dependent upon handling and preparation of fat.
this article outlines the history of autologous fat grafting.
the technique of fat grafting is described , along with review of the evidence of fat viability according to the technique used.
many facial plastic surgeons who are experienced in operating only in the head and neck region are unaccustomed to working elsewhere in the body.
accordingly , this article sets out to detail the specific technique for safe and effective lipoharvesting for facial fat transfer.
facial aging is a dynamic process involving the aging of soft tissue and bony structures.
much is known in regards to how the face loses volume as the soft tissue structures age.
epidermal thinning and the decrease in collagen cause skin to lose its elasticity.
loss of fat , coupled with gravity and muscle pull , leads to wrinkling and the formation of dynamic lines.
the aging process has also been shown to affect the facial bones.
multiple studies suggest that the bony aging of the orbit and midface is a process primarily of contraction and morphologic change.
this loss of bony volume and projection may contribute to the aged appearance.
aging impairs the control of many skilled movements including speech.
the purpose of this paper was to investigate whether young and older adults adapt to lower lip perturbations during speech differently.
in @percent@ of the trials , the subjects experienced a mechanical perturbation on the lower lip.
displacement and neural activation ( emg ) of the upper and lower lips were evaluated.
in recent times , several medical societies have discredited its use.
the purpose of this review , therefore , is to define a measured position in relation to the use of this drug.
on completion of this review , it was possible to conclude that this drug has an antidopaminergic mechanism of action.
the recommended schedule is : @number@ mg / day for @number@ days , with @number@ days drug free.
this drug has a residual effect that can allow drug-free intervals , which permit a longer time between schedules.
sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging.
although the term sarcopenia was first coined in @number@ its etiology is still poorly understood.
moreover , a consensus for defining sarcopenia continues to elude us.
other factors include basal metabolic rate , increased protein dietary requirements , and chronic inflammation secondary to age-related changes in cytokines and oxidative stress.
these changes lead to decreased overall physical functioning , increased frailty , falls risk , and ultimately the loss of independent living.
because the intertwining relationships of these factors are complex , effective treatment options are still under investigation.
the published data on sarcopenia are vast , and this review is not intended to be exhaustive.
antipsychotics are frequently used in elderly patients to treat a variety of conditions , including schizophrenia.
while extensively studied for their impact in younger populations , there is comparatively limited evidence about the effectiveness of these agents in older patients.
increased c-reactive protein and interleukin-6 , coronary artery disease , body mass index , and alcohol consumption have also been associated with sbi.
the ors and possible mechanisms have been discussed in this article.
we also looked into their close relationship with sbi in this review.
compared with other available dopaminergic therapies , dopamine replacement with ld is associated with the greatest improvement in motor function.
however , dyskinesia control still represents a major challenge.
as a result , many neurologists have become cautious when prescribing therapy with ld.
sarcopenia is the progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass , strength , and function which occurs as a consequence of aging.
the lack of diagnostic criteria to identify patients with sarcopenia hinders potential management options.
to date , pharmacological interventions have shown limited efficacy in counteracting the effects of sarcopenia.
recent evidence has shown benefits with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ; however , further randomized controlled trials are required.
resistance training remains the most effective intervention for sarcopenia ; however , older people maybe unable or unwilling to embark on strenuous exercise training programs.
methods : participants were randomly recruited from electoral rolls after stratification on sex , 10-year age group ( 35-74 years ) and town size.
bp was measured by trained medical staff following standardized procedures.
high bp was defined as bp at least 140 / 90 mmhg and / or taking antihypertensive drugs or following a specific diet.
bp below 140 / 90 mmhg among treated individuals was considered adequately controlled ( < 130 / 80 mmhg among diabetics ) .
results : four thousand eight hundred and twenty-five participants were recruited ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the prevalence of high bp was greater in men ( @percent@ ) than in women ( @percent@ ) .
antihypertensive treatment concerned @percent@ of the hypertensive individuals with most often a combination therapy.
control rates concerned only @percent@ of women and @percent@ of men and decreased with age.
metabolic risk factors and aging were independently associated with high bp prevalence as were low educational level and alcohol consumption.
diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were strong independent predictors of uncontrolled bp.
the use of multiple drug treatment did not predict a better control.
conclusions : hypertension is frequent in france , particularly in the age group 55-74 years.
control rates remain low , particularly in high-risk , older and diabetic individuals.
intensified efforts are required to improve lifestyle , awareness of the condition , and use of appropriate and well tolerated combination therapy.
recent findings : recent work has served to refine and expand upon the clinical phenotype of the logopenic variant.
logopenic patients show a unique pattern of spared and impaired language processes that reliably distinguish this syndrome from other variants of progressive aphasia.
specifically , they exhibit deficits in naming and repetition in the context of spared semantic , syntactic , and motor speech abilities.
further , there is a growing body of evidence indicating a possible link between the logopenic phenotype and specific pathological and genetic correlates.
summary : findings indicate that the logopenic variant is a distinct subtype of progressive aphasia that may hold value as a predictor of underlying pathology.
results from two experiments revealed that prior experience with proactive interference ( pi ) diminished pi's effects for both young and older adults.
participants were given two rounds of experience , with different materials , in a situation that produced pi.
also , the ability of confidence to diagnose accuracy of responding improved across rounds.
effects of prior experience with pi depended on feedback given at the time of test ( experiment @number@ ) .
implications of the results for interpreting age differences in pi and false memory are discussed.
in this case , age equivalence arose in fok resolution except at the lowest levels of recognition in the single-presentation condition.
the use of effective strategies during encoding correlated with memory performance and foks , even for unrecalled pairs.
residualized change regression analysis was conducted.
results : at baseline , mas who had recently become caregivers exhibited a significantly greater number of depressive symptoms compared to those who had not.
method : this is a theoretical article based on a review of preexisting findings pertaining to fear of falling and falls efficacy.
moreover , the terms falls efficacy and fear of falling are often used interchangeably in the literature , which is conceptually problematic.
in the current study , we show a new role of mir-17-92 in inhibiting oncogenic ras-induced senescence.
by contrast , these components are not essential for the ability of mir-17-92 to evade myc-induced apoptosis.
moreover , disruption of senescence by mir-17-92 or its mir-17 / 20a components leads to enhanced oncogenic transformation by activated ras in primary human cells.
rationale : in aging hiv-infected populations comorbid diseases are important determinants of morbidity and mortality.
pulmonary diseases have not been systematically assessed in the combination antiretroviral therapy ( art ) era.
objectives : to determine the incidence of pulmonary diseases in hiv-infected persons compared with hiv-uninfected persons.
using poisson regression , incidence rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated to determine the association of hiv with pulmonary disease.
the virtual cohort was merged with the @number@ veterans large health survey to adjust for self-reported smoking in a nested sample ( @percent@ ) .
bacterial pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the two most common incident pulmonary diseases , whereas opportunistic pneumonias were less common.
this paper presents the database and its research potential.
whereas betula includes rich information about e.g. cognitive functions , vip contains information about e.g. lifestyle and health indicators.
the information from the betula includes @number@ participants from the city of umeå and vip includes data for almost @number@ participants.
both datasets include cross-sectional as well as longitudinal information.
conclusions : by joining various datasets developed in different disciplinary traditions new possibilities for interdisciplinary research on ageing emerge.
we have developed a robust method to perform retinal vascular fractal analysis from digital retina images.
the technique preprocesses the green channel retina images with gabor wavelet transforms to enhance the retinal images.
fourier fractal dimension is computed on these preprocessed images and does not require any segmentation of the vessels.
this novel technique requires human input only at a single step ; the allocation of the optic disk center.
there was gaussian distribution variation in the optic center allocation in each simulation.
the resulting mean correlation coefficient ( standard deviation ) was @number@ ( @number@ ) .
the repeatability of this method was found to be better than the earlier box-counting method.
metabolic syndrome was defined based on the japanese criteria.
among the @number@ older elderly patients aged ≥75 years , dyslipidemia was significantly related to acute cerebral infarction ( or , @number@ ) .
therefore , a rise in elder homicide is expected.
this phenomenon has not been thoroughly described in portugal.
this study aims to analyse and characterize elder homicide , in order to achieve a better understanding of this form of violence.
results : during this period , an overall of @number@ suspected homicides occurred , @percent@ being perpetrated against elders.
in @percent@ of the documented cases , the perpetrator was known to the victim , and a family member in @percent@.
the supposed perpetrator ran away from the scene in @percent@ of the cases.
fatal wounds were observed mainly in the head ( @percent@ ) and thorax ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : in the north of portugal , elder homicide seems to be uncommon.
this study suggests an association between elder homicide and robbery , in which elders , due to their vulnerability , are a preferential target.
contrary to other reports worldwide , there were no cases of death in nursing homes , possibly due to underreport or misidentification.
in essence , the reproductive-cell cycle theory can explain aging in all sexually reproductive life forms.
however , the presence and extent of whole-brain connectivity disturbances is largely unknown in amci patients.
twenty-six amci patients and eighteen matched healthy subjects were evaluated at baseline and at mean @number@ months follow up.
temporal correlations between spatially distinct regions were evaluated by using longitudinal resting-state fmri.
these disturbances were found particularly in subcortical regions and frontal cortex.
importantly , significantly decreased negative functional connection may be specifically associated with the development of amci patients.
this suggests a compensatory mechanism is underway where local processing deficits are offset by recruitment of more dispersed cortical regions.
in addition , the presence of this increased connectivity is seen to eventually weaken with disease progression.
the results suggest that patterns of whole-brain functional connection may be a useful risk marker for conversion to ad in amci patients.
background : gerontology research shows the importance of physical exercise for active aging.
material and methods : the sample included @number@ subjects with an age range of 30-85 years.
the level of physical exercise was assessed using self-report form.
the physical fitness was assessed using bio-behavioral measurements ( strength , lung capacity , speed ) .
conclusions : the intensity in achieving aerobic exercise is associated with physical fitness and cognitive performance.
these data suggest the compensatory effect of exercise on decline in old age.
beta-amyloid @number@ ( aβ42 ) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) are significantly decreased in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
haplotype analysis of psen2 and apoe genotyping were performed in @number@ alzheimer's disease patients , as defined by clinical diagnosis and aβ42 levels.
one distinct haploblock in psen2 was detected and the frequent haplotypes were analyzed using @number@ tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) .
apoe e4 / e4 carriers had lower aβ42 levels ( p = @number@ ) .
using csf aβ42 as a biomarker we replicated genetic influences in apoe and observed a significant influence of a new haplotype in psen2.
a better understanding of genetic influences on biomarkers like csf aβ42 might help to stratify patients and develop specific treatment strategies.
liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer related death in the world.
the development of hcc is a multistep process which includes the progressive alterations of gene expression leading to the increased proliferation and to liver cancer.
quiescent stage of the liver is supported by several tumor suppressor proteins including p53 , rb and c / ebpα.
the identification of longevity-related structural adaptations in biological macromolecules may yield relevant insights into the molecular mechanisms of aging.
this association was though restricted to aerobic animals , whereas anaerobic animals showed variable cysteine accumulation.
locus coeruleus degeneration and reduced central noradrenaline content is an early feature of alzheimer's disease.
in transgenic mouse models of alzheimer's disease-like pathology , lesioning the locus coeruleus exacerbates β-amyloid ( aβ ) pathology , neuroinflammation and memory deficits.
fluparoxan ( 1mg / kg / day ) was administered to tastpm and wild type mice from @number@ to @number@ months of age.
aβ plaque load and astrocytosis were measured at @number@ and @number@ months of age by immunohistochemistry.
fluparoxan treatment prevented age-related spatial working memory deficits in the spontaneous alternation task but not spatial reference memory deficits in the morris water maze.
aβ plaque load and astrocytosis were unaltered by fluparoxan treatment in tastpm mice.
our study was therefore designed to assess the effect of normal aging on vbr data.
there was also a general trend for t2 to decrease in inferior temporal lobe grey matter in the voxel-based regression.
these changes should be accounted for when interpreting single subject vbr data.
methods : a cross-sectional opinion survey was conducted in hong kong and @number@ participants were interviewed.
results : data show that the highest rankings were accorded to \ "treatment for children \ " and \ "high technology services. \ "
services for the elderly , whether in the community or in hospitals , and including end-of-life care , were ranked among the lowest.
this view was also shared by healthcare professionals.
conclusions : it is evident that most people would give priority to the young over the old in distributing a given amount of healthcare services.
frailty is characterized by multisystem decline and vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.
insulin resistance predicts frailty , and dm accelerates muscle strength loss.
geriatric diabetes care guidelines have refocused from risk factor control to geriatric syndromes.
diabetic care-home residents with physical disabilities , cognitive impairment , tube feeding , and the inability to communicate pose particular challenges.
in conclusion , caring for elderly diabetic patients poses unique challenges.
little is known about diabetes care of elderly people with frailty , disabilities , or multiple comorbidities.
the interrelationship between frailty and dm deserves further investigation.
practice guidelines for care-home residents with dm are needed to ensure quality of care.
aging impacts both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system to impair control of viral infections.
this review will summarize key findings on how aging impacts immunity to viral infection.
increasing evidence suggests that satellite cells represent a heterogeneous population of cells with distinct embryological origin and multiple levels of biochemical and functional diversity.
this review focuses on the rich diversity of the satellite cell population based on studies across species.
subcortical hyperintensities ( sh ) are a commonly observed phenomenon on mri of the aging brain ( kertesz et al. , @number@ ) .
the challenge is to develop processing tools that effectively and reliably quantify subcortical small vessel disease in the context of brain tissue compartments.
inter-rater and inter-method reliability was accomplished both globally and regionally.
volumetric analysis showed high inter-rater reliability both globally ( icc = .99 ) and regionally ( icc = .98 ) .
pixel-wise spatial congruence was also high ( si = .97 ) .
whole brain pvsh volumes yielded high inter-rater reliability ( icc = .99 ) .
volumetric analysis against an alternative knn segmentation revealed high inter-method reliability ( icc = .97 ) .
comparison with visual rating scales showed high significant correlations ( arwmc : r = .86 ; chips : r = .87 ) .
human neurodegenerative maladies share two common key features : a mechanistic link to the accumulation and deposition of aberrantly aggregated proteins and late onset.
these similarities among otherwise unrelated disorders suggest that the aging process plays an active role in enabling the emergence of these diseases late in life.
signaling by target of rapamycin ( mtor in mammals ) has been shown to modulate lifespan in several model organisms ranging from yeast to mice.
additionally , we discuss recent findings that evaluate the mechanisms by which reduced mtor activity might benefit the aging brain in normal and pathological states.
we will focus on recent studies investigating mtor and alzheimer's disease , parkinson's disease , and polyglutamine expansion syndromes such as huntington's disease.
advances in research on mitochondria have elucidated their importance in cell survival and cell death regulation in addition to their function in energy production.
thus , the signaling mechanisms within mitochondria and between the organelle and its environment have gained interest as potential drug targets.
ground reaction forces ( grfs ) ( mediolateral ( ml ) , anteroposterior ( ap ) components , vertical ( v ) ) were recorded.
in the two groups , the absence of vision implies an increase of ap , ml and v impulsions and grf variability.
balance with the gesturing limb to the rear increases the age and vision effect compared to balances with the limb forward or to the side.
young dancers are less efficient at controlling their balance than adult dancers.
this observation may be related to the number of hours practicing dance , which differs between groups.
the dancers have a visual dependence to control the postural balance.
dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population characterized by α-synuclein accumulation in cortical and subcortical regions.
neuropathological indicators and levels of synaptophysin were assessed and correlated with clinical measurements of cognition and dementia severity.
taken together these results suggest that the oldest old with dlb might represent a distinct group.
phase alignment values increased with age over the occipital , parietal and frontal cerebral regions.
we interpret these findings in terms of the development of functional interactions between different cortical areas involved in the processing of visual stimuli.
recently , the women's health initiative study found that conjugated equine estrogens , the most commonly prescribed ht , do not benefit cognition.
both estrogens influenced vaginal smear profiles , uterine weights , and serum luteinizing hormone levels , analogous to classic estrogens.
the findings indicate that specific isolated premarin ( ® ) components differ in their ability to affect cognition and nachr expression.
i first met rosario as a research fellow in harry quigley's laboratory between @number@ and @number@
two questions run through her work and remain of central importance today.
first , how do astrocytes respond to and alter the biomechanical environment of the onh and the physiologic stresses created therein ?
my goal is to provide a biomechanical framework for this discussion.
this framework assumes that the onh astrocytes and glia fundamentally support and influence both the lamina cribrosa extracellular matrix and retinal ganglion cell axon physiology.
rosario hernandez was one of the first investigators to recognize the implications of this unique circumstance.
many of the ideas contained herein have been initially presented within or derived from her work ( hernandez , m.r. , @number@
the optic nerve head in glaucoma : role of astrocytes in tissue remodeling.
prog retin eye res. @number@ 297-321. ; hernandez , m.r. , pena , j.d. , @number@
the optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
arch ophthalmol.
@number@ 389-395. ) .
most research with bilinguals has used speech stimuli to demonstrate differences in auditory processing abilities.
two main factors have been identified as modulators of such differences : proficiency and age of acquisition of the second language ( l2 ) .
further , we examined the role that age of acquisition plays in modulating such responses.
late bilinguals , who learned english after age @number@ exhibited larger mmn and p3a responses than early bilinguals , across all deviant conditions.
significant associations were found between amplitude of the responses and both age of l2 acquisition and years of l2 experience.
these findings demonstrate that age of l2 acquisition is an important modulator of auditory responses in bilinguals even when processing non-speech signals.
involuntary attention switching is suggested as the main factor driving these differences.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ala-ipl pdt for photoaging in chinese subjects with fitzpatrick skin types iii and iv.
method : this was a prospective , controlled , split-face study with @number@ subjects.
subjects received three split-face treatments @number@ weeks apart.
a blinded investigator assessed the signs of photodamage.
satisfaction was also assessed.
result : twenty-four subjects completed the trial.
phototoxic reactions such as erythema and edema were the primary side effects , as well as an increase in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
conclusion : ala-ipl pdt has superior rejuvenation effects over ipl alone in chinese subjects.
taking reasonable precaution to prevent the postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is the most important point in making ala-ipl pdt a successful therapy.
studies of skin aging are usually performed at the genomic level by investigating differentially regulated genes identified through subtractive hybridization or microarray analyses.
genetic variation in foxo3a has previously been associated with human longevity.
studies published so far have been case-control studies and hence vulnerable to bias introduced by cohort effects.
fifteen snps were chosen in order to cover the known common variation in foxo3a.
studies of nordic twins suggest an increased genetic influence on mortality with age.
the apoe ε4 allele is associated with an increased mortality risk , and its effect has been suggested to decrease with age.
here , we investigated the effect of apoe ε4 allele on survival in a sample of the healthiest and long-lived danes.
the study population comprised danes born in @number@ and a replicate sample of the @number@ cohort.
cox regression models were used for the analysis.
of the @number@ persons with known apoe ε4 status in @number@ @number@ had died at the end of the 10-year follow-up.
for the covariates sex and independency status , the difference in relative risk of death between groups decreased with advancing age.
cancer is controlled not only by genetic events but also by epigenetic events.
the active acquisition of epigenetic changes is a poorly understood but very important process in mammalian development , differentiation , and disease.
we and others have identified s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in a high-throughput genetic screen focused on discovering novel genes whose inhibition induces immortalisation of primary cells.
herein , we address the importance of genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms during senescence and how their effects might determine senescence bypass and immortalisation.
the ways in which genes that regulate epigenetic mechanisms might modulate senescence / immortalisation and how these pathways could influence cancer development are explored.
overall , epigenetic modifications seem to play a major role in cancer , influencing tumour outcome by interfering with key senescence pathways.
sufentanil is a potent synthetic opioid.
like other opioids , sufentanil creates a stable hemodynamic environment in cardiovascularly compromised pediatric patients.
clearance , expressed as per kilogram , is increased in children compared to adults.
the p450 cyp3a4 enzyme is responsible for the major metabolic n-dealkylation pathway.
enzyme activity is reduced in neonates but the maturation of sufentanil clearance is not described.
the free active fraction is affected by age because of the reduced α ( @number@ ) -acid glycoprotein plasma concentrations in neonates.
studies concerning the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of sufentanil administered as a bolus or continuous infusion in children are few.
hemostasis is an active process regulating the formation and dissolution of fibrin clot to preserve vascular integrity.
procoagulant processes culminate in thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation to protect the vasculature against uncontrolled bleeding after injury.
conversely , anticoagulant processes limit clot extension to unaffected portions of the vasculature.
lastly , fibrinolysis is responsible for clot dissolution once tissue repair and regeneration permit the return of normal blood flow.
a precise and delicate interplay exists among these processes to ensure normal hemostasis.
the hemostatic system is incompletely developed at birth and matures throughout infancy.
both full-term and preterm neonates are born with low levels of most procoagulant proteins including all the contact activation factors and vitamin k-dependent factors.
similarly , levels of the major anticoagulant proteins are low at birth.
although often characterized as ' immature' , the neonatal hemostatic system is nevertheless functionally balanced with no tendency toward coagulopathy or thrombosis.
in this article , we will review the current models of hemostasis and the maturation of the hemostatic system.
recent advances in delineating the biological functions of p53 had shed the light on its key role in the multifacets of cellular homeostasis.
in the mammalian brain , p53 plays critical functions in normal development , tumor suppression , neurodegenerative diseases , and aging.
acsrp can be activated by factors ranging from exercise and dietary energy restriction , to drugs and phytochemicals.
it was a cross sectional population study of people aged @number@ years or more where @number@ respondents were interviewed in @number@
the unmet needs varied between different health problems.
this approach yields new insights into the health care needs of the elderly and will be helpful to health care planners.
this review describes loh and the current guidelines for its treatment and management.
also discussed are the normal changes undergone by men as they age and the effects that are expected due to this change.
the relationship between loh and its effects on both sexuality and fertility are also considered.
monoclonal b cell lymphocytosis ( mbl ) is now recognized as the b-lymphocyte analogue of a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.
mbl can be the precursor of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or associated with non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
it may be associated with an autoimmune abnormality or be related to aging ( immunosenescence ) .
this commentary is an updated summary of the current methods used in these centers.
it is important to note the diversity of use in reagents , instruments , and methods of analysis.
despite this diversity , there is a consensus in what constitutes the diagnosis of mbl and its subtypes.
there is also an emerging consensus on what the next investigative steps should be.
life expectancy at the turn of the 20th century was @number@ years on average worldwide and it is around @number@ years today.
the correlative increase in age-associated diseases incidence has a profound public health impact and is an important matter of concern for our societies.
aging is a complex , heterogeneous , and multifactorial phenomenon , which is the consequence of multiple interactions between genes and environment.
resveratrol ( rsv ) is one of those.
this case series highlights one of the complications associated with laser toning , which is facial depigmentation.
materials and methods : fourteen patients with laser toning-associated facial depigmentation were assessed with cross-polarized and ultraviolet ( uv ) photographic images.
the laser toning regimens received by these patients , as well as the treatment given for depigmentation , were analyzed retrospectively.
results : all @number@ patients were chinese females , @number@ of whom received laser toning for non-ablative skin rejuvenation and the other @number@ for melasma.
the treatment regimens received by these patients were highly variable.
the total number of treatments received ranged from @number@ to @number@ ( mean @time@ ) .
in all cases , uv photographic images demonstrated facial mottled depigmentation.
laser toning failed to significantly improve melasma in all five patients.
five patients received targeted narrowband uvb for depigmentation with good clinical results.
conclusions : laser toning with low fluence q-switched @number@ nm nd : yag laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma can be associated with mottled depigmentation.
with laser toning being frequently performed , this complication may become more commonly encountered in clinical practice.
the depigmentation can appear after only a few treatment sessions , and can cause much disfigurement , especially in cases with background melasma.
further studies on laser toning are needed with the view to optimizing efficacy and minimizing side-effects.
objectives : to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the tailored activity program ( tap ) for individuals with dementia and family caregivers.
design : cost-effectiveness study of a two-group randomized controlled trial involving @number@ patients-caregiver dyads randomized to intervention or wait-list control.
setting : participants ' homes in philadelphia region.
participants : caregivers were aged ≥ @number@ years , lived with patients , and provided ≥ @number@ hours of daily care.
decision tree and monte carlo analyses tested robustness of the economic models.
results : total average intervention cost was $ 941.63 per day.
varying the cost assumptions did not change cost-effectiveness.
this nonpharmacologic approach should be considered part of the clinical management of dementia.
these differences were explained by @number@ and @percent@ , respectively , by vigorous-hpa-related favorable impacts on other cardiovascular risk factors.
no such associations were observed for the brachial and femoral dcs , however.
conclusions : lifetime vigorous , but not light-to-moderate , hpa is favorably associated with brachial and femoral compliance , but not dc.
altogether , these and our previous findings thus suggest generalized vigorous-hpa-related adaptations , although of different nature , throughout the arterial tree.
after an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ persons ( @percent@ ) aged 65-79 years took part in a reexamination in @number@
these results suggest that the association between smoking and ad may be complex and vary according to genotype.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) has been considered an intermediate state between healthy aging and dementia.
the early damage in anatomical connectivity and progressive loss of synapses that characterize early alzheimer's disease suggest that mci could also be a disconnection syndrome.
synchronization likelihood , an index based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems , was used to measure functional connectivity.
both of them were found in all frequency bands.
the inter-hemispheric increased synchronization values could reflect a compensatory mechanism for the lack of efficiency of the memory networks in mci patients.
longitudinal studies on the change of fiber tract integrity in normal and pathological aging are still rare.
additionally , we determined rates of grey matter and white matter atrophy using automated deformation based morphometry.
mci subjects showed significant fa decline predominantly in the anterior corpus callosum ( p < @number@ corrected for multiple comparisons ) .
the underlying mechanisms for these changes are unknown.
compromised cellular energy metabolism , cerebral hypoperfusion , and neuronal calcium dysregulation are involved in the pathological process of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
plasma and mitochondrial membrane potentials , cell excitability , intracellular ca2 + levels and bioenergetics were measured in cultured cerebral cortical neurons exposed to diazoxide.
diazoxide hyperpolarized neurons , reduced the frequency of action potentials , attenuated ca2 + influx through nmda receptor channels , and reduced oxidative stress.
alzheimer's disease is associated with synapse loss , memory dysfunction , and pathological accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) in plaques.
however , an exclusively pathological role for aβ is being challenged by new evidence for an essential function of aβ at the synapse.
aβ is present in the brain of symptom-free people where it likely performs important physiological roles.
new evidence indicates that synaptic activity directly evokes the release of aβ at the synapse.
at physiological levels , aβ is a normal , soluble product of neuronal metabolism that regulates synaptic function beginning early in life.
monomeric aβ40 and aβ42 are the predominant forms required for synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival.
both aging and aβ independently decrease neuronal plasticity.
our laboratory has reported that aβ , glutamate , and lactic acid are each increasingly toxic with neuron age.
the basis of the age-related toxicity partly resides in age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and an oxidative shift in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic redox potential.
in turn , signaling through phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases is affected along with an age-independent increase in phosphorylated camp response element-binding protein.
this review examines the long-awaited functional impact of aβ on synaptic plasticity.
the usefulness of their combined evaluation has never been tested.
we evaluated the csf tau ratio and the mp atrophy as a combined marker for early identification of psp.
in psp versus others , a proposed \ "best \ " cut-off of trmp = @number@ resulted in @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ specificity.
aβ is generated through a serial cleavage of aβpp by β- and γ-secretase.
aβ40 and aβ42 are the two main components of amyloid plaques in ad brains , with aβ42 being more prone to aggregation.
aβpp can also be processed by α-secretase , which cleaves aβpp within the aβ sequence , thereby preventing the generation of aβ.
little is currently known regarding the effects of cell density on aβpp processing and aβ generation.
here we assessed the effects of cell density on aβpp processing in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines , as well as mouse primary cortical neurons.
we found that decreased cell density significantly increases levels of aβ40 , aβ42 , total aβ , and the ratio of aβ42 : aβ40.
these results also indicate that cell density is a significant modulator of aβpp processing.
moreover , it is interesting to speculate whether cell density changes in vivo may also affect aβpp processing and aβ levels in the ad brain.
smc were associated with a number of specific objective cognitive deficits including poor verbal fluency , and poor immediate and delayed recall.
however , there was a limited association with global cognitive impairment despite a strong influence upon pfeffer functional activities questionnaire based daily function.
in the full sample the strongest predictors of smc were poor psychological well-being , depressive symptoms ( including those taking antidepressants ) and hearing impairment.
moderate predictors were age and gender.
for those with mci alone , the only significant predictor of memory complaints was poor psychological well-being.
predictors of smc in those with depressive symptoms included poor psychological well-being and hearing impairment.
with depressive symptoms excluded the strongest predictors were poor psychological well-being , hearing impairment , illiteracy , and gender.
in this population-based sample , individuals with smc had evidence of impairments on specific neuropsychological testing which might not be apparent on global measures.
predictors of smc may differ in those with versus without mci and those with versus without depressive symptoms.
specifically , we analyzed reduced inflammation and improved metabolic profile as a potential medium through which the medi reduced the risk of ad.
we used high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hscrp ) as an index of systemic inflammation , and fasting insulin and adiponectin as indexes of metabolic profile.
better adherence to medi was associated with lower level of hscrp ( p = 0.003 ) , but not fasting insulin or adiponectin.
human age , as an important personal trait , can be directly inferred by distinct patterns emerging from the facial appearance.
age synthesis is defined to rerender a face image aesthetically with natural aging and rejuvenating effects on the individual face.
because of their particularity and complexity , both problems are attractive yet challenging to computer-based application system designers.
large efforts from both academia and industry have been devoted in the last a few decades.
in this paper , we survey the complete state-of-the-art techniques in the face image-based age synthesis and estimation topics.
method : an experimental , pre-intervention postintervention control group design was used in this study.
the experimental group received intervention consisting of a 12-week support group for dementia caregivers.
a total of @number@ subjects were evaluated before intervention , after intervention , and at 1-month follow-up.
method : data came from @number@ adults , interviewed up to four times between @number@ and @number@
multilevel multinomial logit models estimated the odds of abstinence and heavy drinking relative to moderate drinking.
results : the odds of abstinence increased and the odds of heavy drinking decreased during the study period.
older adults experienced faster increases in abstinence than younger adults.
time-varying health , social , and lifestyle factors account for some of these patterns.
discussion : drinking behavior in our aging population appears to be on a relatively promising course , perhaps reflecting the effectiveness of public health efforts.
results : the efa revealed a one-factor structure that was equivalent across all racial groups.
the scale demonstrated moderate reliability with kr-20 alpha of @number@ for whites , @number@ for african americans , and @number@ for hispanics.
the integration of multisensory information is essential to forming meaningful representations of the environment.
the establishment of an efficient exchange of information between the cerebral hemispheres is of crucial importance in the developing functionally lateralized brain.
the corpus callosum , the major connection between the cerebral hemispheres , grows constantly throughout childhood and adolescence.
however , behavioral studies suggest the existence of a critical time period for callosal functional development starting around the age of @number@ years.
the functional development was assessed with a speech discrimination task based on the dichotic presentation of consonant-vowel syllables.
the statistical analysis revealed that children whose callosal isthmus increased in thickness over the course of @number@ years showed a decrease in interhemispheric information transfer.
however , children exhibiting a decrease in isthmus thickness revealed an increase in information transfer.
these results might indicate a refinement process of the callosal connections to optimize the neuronal communication between the developing cerebral hemispheres.
in recent years , pioneering spiritual-care training programs and services have been developed in israel.
this paper examines the implementation of the training programs and the challenge of integrating program graduates in the healthcare services.
the information was collected through in-depth interviews with @number@ students and graduates and the directors of the three training programs.
all the interviews were transcribed in full and analyzed using qualitative study methods.
the interviewees emphasized the importance of practical experience , although many of them encountered some degree of antagonism during their training or placement.
continuation of personal counseling and supervision after the conclusion of the program is also essential.
some were worried that they would not find work or were concerned about negotiations with potential employers.
evidently , the implementation of spiritual-care education must continue apace and careful consideration be given to optimizing its acceptance by the establishment.
in this observational study , @number@ consecutive patients with lung cancer underwent cpet with completed data over a 9-yr period ( 2001-2009 ) .
cardiopulmonary complications occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , including four ( @percent@ ) deaths.
our data support the use of pre-operative cpet and the application of an intra-operative protective ventilation strategy.
further studies should evaluate whether pre-operative physical training can improve post-operative outcome.
to date there is no effective therapy for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
clinical studies show that plasma hdl cholesterol and apoa-i levels are low in patients with ad.
here we show that app / ps1 / ai triple tg mice have a 2-fold increase of plasma hdl cholesterol levels.
in addition , aβ-induced production of proinflammatory chemokines / cytokines was decreased in mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures expressing human apoa-i.
these findings suggest that elevating plasma apoa-i / hdl levels may be an effective approach to preserve cognitive function in patients with ad.
objectives : this study examined the impact of context information on emotion recognition from a life-span developmental perspective.
the main prediction was that age-related deficits in emotion recognition will only be evident in context-poor tasks.
half of the films were presented without sound ( context-poor condition ) and the other half was presented with sound ( context-rich condition ) .
results : independent of the condition , younger women were better at recognizing sadness and anger than older women.
however , the condition had an effect on age differences in happiness recognition : age-related deficits were only evident in the context-poor condition.
in addition , we found that logical reasoning predicted individual differences and age-related differences in sadness and anger recognition but not in happiness recognition.
discussion : the present findings suggest that age differences in emotion recognition are context and emotion specific.
together , the evidence speaks for substantial plasticity in emotion recognition ( i.e. , within-person variability ) well into old age.
introduction : self-screening by older drivers has shown considerable promise for increasing self-awareness about functional abilities associated with safe driving.
results : this paper describes the development of the self-screening instrument and summarizes findings relative to increasing self-awareness among older drivers.
this research represents an important first step in improving self-awareness among older drivers through self-screening.
background : cognitive deterioration is a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric disorders and target of increasing significance for novel treatment strategies.
the neuropsychological test battery covered @number@ major cognitive domains by several well-established tests each.
few tests were non-susceptible to practice or limited by ceiling effects.
influence of confounding variables ( age , iq , personality ) was minor.
conclusions : practice effects are prominent particularly in the early phase of high-frequency repetitive cognitive testing of healthy well-performing subjects.
an optimal combination and timing of tests , as extractable from this study , will aid in controlling their impact.
moreover , normative data for serial testing may now be collected to assess normal learning curves as important comparative readout of pathological cognitive processes.
against pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ) @number@ anti-influenza drugs were useful to save the disease aggravation and reduce the mortality.
dysphagia is becoming a critical medical and social issue with aging population.
appropriate treatment requires that swallowing be assessed objectively.
scores given by experienced otolaryngologists expert in treating dysphagic subjects correlated significantly with those of nonexpert otolaryngologists and speech-language-hearing therapists.
pharyngeal clearance evaluated by videofluorography correlated with fees clearance scores , as did aspiration severity with total scores statistically significantly.
feeding procedures related significantly to total scores for the four parameters , indicating its usefulness in deciding oral food intake.
our new scoring is thus simple and reliable in evaluating dysphagia severity and features , and potentially clinically advantageous.
it is supposed that these characteristics are mostly due to the aging itself.
conclusion : diagnosing and treating active tuberculosis among elderly people is difficult because of nonspecific and thus confusing findings due to other diseases or aging.
delay in diagnosis and start of treatment makes prognosis of their tb poorer.
to improve this situation we should keep a high index to tb and make better use of novel diagnostic technologies.
the nf-kappab family of transcription factors regulates genes that are critical for inflammation and immunity.
in most cells , nf-kappab function is induced upon activation of cells by various stimuli.
however , constitutive nf-kappab activity is an equally important aspect of nf-kappab function that is particularly relevant to chronic inflammation and cancer.
consequently , nf-kappab dysregulation has been implicated in diverse human pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to cancers.
additionally , there is considerable interest in the contribution of nf-kappab-mediated chronic inflammation in aging.
individuals with mci scored worse than cognitively normal participants on the hcd factor but similarly on the lcd factor.
men were rated as having more difficulties on the hcd , but not the lcd , factor compared to women.
this has implications for the definition of mci , as lack of functional impairment is generally used as a criterion for diagnosis.
insomnia is a common problem among older adults.
in delivering cbt-i to older adults , modifications are sometimes necessary to accommodate for medical problems , lifestyle , social factors , and patient preferences.
addition of circadian interventions can ameliorate the negative effects of inappropriately timed sleep as well.
these treatment methods can be highly effective and benefits can be long-standing.
a case example is used to illustrate these points.
[ @number@ ] : neurobiol aging 30 : 717-730 ) .
here , we examined whether functional connectivity amongst mtl and cortical regions might better explain differences in subsequent recognition success.
participants underwent fmri scanning during picture encoding , and multivariate analysis was used to characterize the relationship between network activations and recognition.
both patients and controls activated a canonical mtl encoding network.
however , this network correlated with hit rate only for controls.
in mci patients , recognition variability was best explained by the engagement of an additional network including ba @number@
we propose that this pattern represents functional reorganization caused by reduced efficiency in the mtl network.
our findings suggest that understanding brain-behavior relationships in neurological disorders requires examination of large-scale networks , even when dysfunction is relatively focal as in mci.
because there are several common sources of sleep problems in midlife women , the cause of an individual woman's sleep disturbance may be multifactorial.
effective behavioral and pharmacological therapies are available to treat sleep disturbances of different etiologies.
sleep disorders in midlife women should be treated because substantial improvements in quality of life and health outcomes are achievable.
awareness and the use of hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) are generally low and noted to vary significantly among populations from different asian countries.
epidemiological studies suggest that a delayed natural menopause confers longevity and decelerates the appearance of many of the debilitating morbidities associated with the menopause.
early motherhood is paralleled by poorer physical health in west germany , whereas late motherhood is associated with lower psychological well-being in eastern germany.
moreover , among west german women , having had a non-marital first birth is weakly correlated with poorer physical health.
our findings support the notion of biosocial pathways playing an important role in shaping the fertility-health nexus.
home repair service users were less likely to perceive the need for relocation.
findings have implications for improving long-term care and supportive service systems to meet the current and future needs of community-dwelling older adults.
in this article , i summarize some examples illustrating the importance of such work and propose additional theoretical possibilities.
records were normalized using the 30s age records as a baseline , and studied through the various age ranges to the 90s.
all sports declined with increasing age , with rowing showing the least deterioration.
weightlifting showed the fastest and greatest decline with increasing age.
these relative performances compared with world record comparisons of approximately @percent@ ( with weightlifting at approximately @percent@ ) .
the present study investigated evidence for race-related test bias in cognitive measures used in the baseline assessment of the active clinical trial.
test bias against african americans has been documented in both cognitive aging and early life span studies.
despite significant mean performance differences , multiple indicators multiple causes ( mimic ) models suggested most differences were at the construct level.
there was little evidence that specific measures put either group at particular advantage or disadvantage and little evidence of cognitive test bias in this sample.
small group differences in education , cognitive status , and health suggest positive selection may have attenuated possible biases.
data are presented by the four key dimensions of gender , race , residence , and educational attainment.
results illustrate the profound range of functioning in this age group and indicate considerable differences as a function of each dimension.
addition of health variables seldom increases variance accounted for in each domain beyond these four dimensions.
in two experiments , the authors explored whether there are any age differences associated with the ability to process outdated information during news reports comprehension.
new elements emerged from the investigation in progress and revealed that the original cause was incorrect.
the research tested the concepts involved with age differences in updating situation model.
the respective contribution of occupational and behavioural factors to social disparities in all-cause mortality has been studied very seldom.
mortality was derived from register-based information and linked to the baseline data.
socioeconomic status was measured using occupation.
significant social differences were observed for premature and total mortality.
the biggest contributions were found for biomechanical and physical exposures , and job insecurity.
the role of behavioural factors was very low.
occupational factors played a substantial role in explaining social disparities in mortality , especially for premature mortality and men.
improving working conditions amongst the lowest social groups may help to reduce social inequalities in mortality.
autonomic nervous system ( ans ) activity may play an important role in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) .
there were no differences between men with severe luts compared to men with mild or no luts ( all p values > @number@ ) .
systemic ans tests may not be useful in detecting the underlying physiologic changes that lead to luts in aging men.
the elderly in north america represent the fastest growing segment of the population and the most common skin complaint in this age group is pruritus.
the multitude of variables that come with advanced age means that the management of pruritus in the elderly poses a particular therapeutic challenge.
pruritus in advanced age may result from a variety of etiologies , although xerosis is the most common.
in addition , certain cutaneous and systemic diseases that are associated with pruritus are more prevalent in the elderly.
at present , there is no universally accepted therapy for pruritus.
physical and cognitive limitations , multiple comorbid conditions , and polypharmacy are some aspects that can influence the choice of treatment in this age group.
threshold tracking testing has provided novel insights of peripheral nerve excitability in normal and pathologic conditions.
normal elderly showed greater threshold change by hyperpolarizing pulse than younger subjects at high target level , likely reflecting decrease of axon diameters.
however , serious metabolic complications including bone loss and fractures are becoming common.
recent findings : paradoxically , bone loss may occur not only due to hiv / aids but also as a consequence of haart.
the cause and mechanisms driving these distinct forms of bone loss , however , are complex and controversial.
aggressive antiresorptive therapy may be warranted in high-risk patients.
background : previous research has demonstrated that employment-based benefits are important for the recruitment and retention of nursing assistants ( nas ) .
methodology : cross-sectional data on @number@ nationally representative nursing homes were derived from the @number@ national nursing home survey.
benefits were measured as a composite variable of five na benefits weighted by cost.
a linear regression model was used to examine the relationship between nursing home organizational characteristics and na benefits.
findings : for-profit / nonchain ownership and medicaid occupancy were negatively associated with na benefits.
we now show that hescs also use nonhomologous end joining ( nhej ) .
nhej kinetics were several-fold slower in hescs and neural progenitors ( nps ) than in astrocytes derived from hescs.
the lack of any major involvement of dna-pkcs in nhej in hescs was supported by sirna-mediated dna-pkcs knockdown.
expression of a truncated xrcc4 decoy or xrcc4 knock-down reduced nhej by more than half suggesting that repair is primarily canonical nhej.
poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase ( parp ) was dispensable for nhej suggesting that repair is largely independent of backup nhej.
furthermore , as hescs differentiated a progressive decrease in the accuracy of nhej was observed.
serological examination for nmo-igg was not performed in all the cases.
the expression of aqp4 is preserved in ms lesions losing myelin basic protein ( mbp ) positivity.
therefore , aqp4 immunoreactivity may distinguish nmo from ms neuropathologically.
nmo preferentially exhibited central lesions of the spinal cord with strongly necrotizing features and axonal injury.
we also reported a patient with nmo accompanied with sjögren syndrome.
the distribution of lesions may overlap in ms and nmo although the immunoreactivity of aqp4 differs in these @number@ conditions.
objective : to assess the contribution of dementia-related neuropathologic lesions to age-related and disease-related change in cognitive function.
the clinical evaluations included detailed testing of cognitive function from which previously established composite measures of global cognition and specific cognitive functions were derived.
conclusion : mild age-related decline in cognitive function is mainly due to the neuropathologic lesions traditionally associated with dementia.
stunting is associated with adverse cognitive development in childhood and adolescence , fewer years of schooling , decreased productivity , and reduced adult stature.
recovery from early stunting is possible ; however , few studies explore whether those who demonstrate linear catch-up growth experience long-term cognitive deficits.
those stunted in childhood as well as those stunted in infancy and childhood scored significantly lower on both assessments than children who were not stunted.
during aging and in the progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , synaptic plasticity and neuronal integrity are disturbed.
the increased levels of bmp6 were accompanied by defects in hippocampal neurogenesis in ad patients and app transgenic mice.
background : several studies suggest that a decreased thyroid activity might be favourable in oldest-old subjects and that subclinical thyroid hyperfunction may be detrimental.
objectives : to verify whether declining levels of circulating thyroid hormones may contribute to longevity.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : all subjects were born in calabria ( southern italy ) and their ancestry in the region was ascertained up to the grandparents.
methods : thyroid function parameters were measured in the frame of a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
results : ft3 and ft4 levels were negatively associated with age.
lower levels of ft3 , ft4 and tsh were found in centenarians ' children and nieces / nephews with respect to age-matched controls.
indeed , being a relative of centenarians qualified as an independent correlate of thyroid parameters.
context : anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) , which is secreted by immature sertoli cells , triggers the involution of the fetal müllerian ducts.
amh is a testis-specific marker used for diagnosis in infants with ambiguous genitalia or bilateral cryptorchidism.
aim : the aim of the study was to describe the ontogeny of amh secretion through life in healthy males.
setting : this was a population-based study of healthy volunteers.
participants : participants included @number@ healthy males from birth ( cord blood ) to @number@ yr.
main outcome measures : serum amh was determined by a sensitive immunoassay.
results : serum amh was above the detection limit in all samples with a marked variation according to age and pubertal status.
at the time of puberty , amh concentrations declined and remained relatively stable throughout adulthood.
the potential physiological role of amh and clinical applicability of amh measurements remain to be determined.
neurosyphilis can present with psychiatric symptoms.
the late form can occur in old age with psychosis , paranoid delusions , affective disorders or cognitive impairment.
psychotic symptoms showed a good response to antibiotic treatment.
we conclude that neurosyphilis is a relevant differential diagnosis in patients developing severe psychiatric symptoms in old age.
as a causal antibiotic treatment is possible this infectious disease should be considered seriously in gerontopsychiatric patients.
however , the mechanisms which are critical in determining the direction of age effects remain poorly delineated.
method : twenty young and @number@ old adults performed a laboratory and a naturalistic prospective memory task , which were similar in structure and demand.
results : first , analyzing mean level age differences , the paradox was confirmed.
conclusion : the current study confirms the age-prospective memory-paradox within one sample and with carefully matched laboratory and naturalistic tasks.
additionally , it takes an important step forward in clarifying the role of different factors in understanding age effects across these different contexts.
the results indicate that the relative importance of different factors vary as a function of assessment context , with conceptual as well as applied implications.
methods : the study was cross-sectional in design.
the sample comprised @number@ portuguese undergraduate students enrolled in degrees in nursing , social work , and psychology.
a regression analysis indicated that attitudes , knowledge , and previous formal contact were significant predictors of interest.
conclusion : interest in working with older adults was significantly related to positive attitudes , more knowledge and formal previous contact.
methods : seventy-two black and @number@ white participants were screened for risk factors for depression.
results : black participants were more likely to have fewer years of education and lower household income.
white participants were not found to have greater prevalence or higher mean score on any risk factor.
the procedure starts in the case of moderate behavioral problems.
the recommendations should not be rigidly applied and implementation will differ from country to country.
background : cognitive function and telomere length both decline with age.
a correlation between these two measures would suggest that they may be influenced by the same underlying age-related biological process.
several studies suggest telomere length may be positively correlated with cognitive performance but the evidence is equivocal.
telomere length was estimated at wave @number@
the somatotroph axis function shows a decline in the elderly ( somatopause ) .
however , concerns arise about the possible role of these molecules in tumorigenesis and tumor growth promotion.
participants were tested at baseline ( t0 ) and at 6-year ( t2 ) and 12-year follow-up ( t4 ) .
the degree to which the association between hi ( t0-t2 ) and psychotic experiences at t4 was moderated by t0 urbanicity was examined.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) play a pivotal role in loss of lens transparency , i.e. , cataract.
ages formation occurs as a result of sequential glycation and oxidation reaction between reducing sugars and protein.
ages production takes place throughout the normal aging process but its accumulation is found to be more rapid in diabetic patients.
the presence of ages and cel was also determined by western blotting and immuno-histochemical analysis.
our data indicated more pronounced glycation in patients suffering from diabetes as compared to non-diabetics subjects demonstrating the need to focus on developing normoglycemic approaches.
such studies may provide an insight in developing therapeutic strategies and may have clinical implications.
kidney transplantation from living and deceased donors above age @number@ increased in recent years in response to organ shortage.
with careful screening , short-term follow-up of living elderly donors demonstrated stable remaining kidney function even in those with mild and controlled hypertension.
objectives : previous studies have revealed that memory performance is diminished in chronic pain patients.
few studies , however , have assessed multiple components of memory in a single sample.
it is currently also unknown whether attentional problems , which are commonly observed in chronic pain , mediate the decline in memory.
results : participants with chronic pain performed worse on tests of working memory and verbal episodic memory.
a decline in attention explained some , but not all , group differences in memory performance.
finally , no additional effect of age on the diminished task performance in participants with chronic pain was observed.
discussion : taken together , the results indicate that chronic pain significantly affects memory performance.
part of this effect may be caused by underlying attentional dysfunction , although this could not fully explain the observed memory decline.
an increase in age in combination with the presence of chronic pain did not additionally affect memory performance.
the data were collected during maximum-speed phase , and variability and symmetry indices were calculated from a total of @number@ steps.
overall , the pattern of variability was similar in both groups.
yet , a small but significant age-related increase in cv was evident in horizontal grfs.
there was a variable-specific asymmetry between legs but it was not related to leg dominance.
no age differences existed in the symmetry indices.
results indicate that only selected force platform variables are symmetric and repeatable enough so that their use for comparison purposes is appropriate.
data also suggest that aging may increase variability in certain biomechanical measures , whereas symmetry is not affected by age.
several nutritional and physiological factors have been linked to depression in adults , including low folate and vitamin b-12 and elevated thcy levels.
depressive symptoms were measured with the patient health questionnaire ( phq ) , and elevated symptoms were defined as a phq total score of ≥10.
serum folate , vitamin b-12 , and thcy were mainly expressed as tertiles.
multiple ordinary least square ( ols ) , logistic , and zero-inflated poisson regression models were conducted in the main analysis.
results : overall , mean phq score was significantly higher among women compared with men.
no interaction was noted between the three exposures in affecting depressive symptoms.
data synthesis : the aging of the us population is creating a higher prevalence of systolic heart failure in the elderly.
background : statin use and serum cholesterol reduction have been proposed as preventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
cox proportional hazards models were used.
this association remained significant independently of serum cholesterol exposures.
conclusions : statins may have multifactorial effects on dementia but not mci risk.
future interventions may be warranted , and research should focus on optimal serum tc , hdl-c : tc ratio and tc change trajectories.
trec levels in peripheral blood t lymphocytes were similar between ibd patients and controls.
however , markers for extrathymic t cell maturation in the mucosa were not different between controls and ibd patients.
objectives : to examine the association between usual sleep duration and mortality according to physical and mental health status in older adults.
design : prospective study conducted from @number@ to @number@
setting : community-based study.
participants : cohort study of @number@ persons representative of the noninstitutionalized population aged @number@ and older in spain.
measurements : sleep duration was self-reported at baseline.
analyses were performed using cox regression and adjusted for the main confounders.
the analyses were then stratified according to numerous indicators of health status.
results : during follow-up , @number@ persons died.
sleeping @number@ hours or less was not associated with higher mortality than sleeping @number@ hours in persons with good health status.
conclusion : self-reported sleep duration was associated with 7-year mortality in this cohort of older adults , even when adjusted for health status.
further research is needed to determine the mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings.
woman's sexuality encompasses sexual identity , sexual function , and sexual relationships.
it is modulated throughout life by life and reproduction-related events , health , relationships , and sociocultural variables.
the aging process and menopause are two potent contributors to female sexual dysfunction.
the earlier the menopause , the more severe and complex the impact on sexuality is.
premature menopause is an amplified paradigm of the complex impact menopause can have on women's and couple's sexuality.
the concepts of \ "symptom inducer \ " and \ "symptom carrier \ " will also be addressed.
up-to-date cryopreservation is a central component of contemporary human-assisted reproduction and fertility preservation technologies.
presently , the preservation of seminal and testicular spermatozoa , embryos , and oocytes can be readily achieved with a high functional survival rate.
preservation of the ovarian cortex containing a greater number of female germ cells is an experimental procedure under extensive investigation in many centers.
translation of the knowledge gained from cr research in animal models to disease prevention strategies in humans should provide therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
signaling pathways induced by cr are therefore potentially new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
we focus in particular on recent findings on sirtuins for prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
aging has been a subject of interest since primordial times.
in mammals , there are seven homologs of the yeast sir2 , sirt1-7.
mitochondrial dysfunction is a common hallmark of ageing-related diseases involving neurodegeneration.
aim : manual wheelchairs are commonly prescribed for older adults in nursing homes ( nh ) .
the extent of their utilisation being unknown may result in the prescription of standard wheelchairs.
the purpose of this study was to quantify manual wheelchair use by nursing home residents.
methods : seventy-two independent wheelchair users were recruited from four nh ( two va-affiliated and two private ) .
a customised wheelchair data logger was attached to each participant's wheelchair for @number@ month.
however , no difference was observed between velocity of wheelchair propulsion between groups ( @number@ m / s versus @number@ m / s ) .
for private facilities no notable difference was observed between the groups.
conclusion : older adults who live in nh and use of wheelchairs represent a diverse cohort.
the efficacy of using an objective assessment method to measure the extent of use of wheelchairs was demonstrated in this study.
the decline in sex hormone levels that accompanies the menopause has substantial effects on the tissues of the urogenital system , leading to atrophic changes.
these changes can have negative effects on sexual and urinary function.
the authors evaluate the repercussion of hypoestrogenism and sexual steroids on some elements of the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract.
they summarize their research work and review significant published papers.
this article focuses on one home health agency's strategy to support nurse graduates transitioning from student to professional nurse.
eleven key lessons learned are outlined.
specific examples of such foods are apples , pears , graapes , wine , and tea.
during the dermatologic program , clinical and instrumental evaluations were made at the beginning of the study and at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
the patients ' biological skin age was also calculated so as to better quantify the benefits they obtained by giving up smoking.
a complex mathematic algorithm processed the results obtained for each patient and , on this basis , calculated the biological age of the patient's skin.
high-resolution images at @number@ tesla depict details of the internal structure of the hippocampus allowing for in vivo volumetry of different subfields.
( @number@ ) to determine if measurements of hippocampal subfields provide advantages over total hippocampal volume for differentiation between groups.
hippocampal volume was obtained from the freesurfer and manually edited.
results : compared to controls , ad had smaller volumes of erc , subiculum , ca1 , ca1-2 , and total hippocampal volumes.
mci had smaller ca1-2 volumes.
discriminant analysis and power analysis showed that ca1-2 was superior to total hippocampal volume for distinction between controls and mci.
this study tested the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise has the ability to produce free radicals that may be capable of causing dna damage.
these findings identify lipid-derived free radical species as possible contributors to peripheral mononuclear cell dna damage in the human exercising model.
this damage occurs in the presence of lipid oxidation but in the absence of any change to protein carbonyl concentration.
the significance of these findings may have relevance in terms of immune function , the aging process , and the pathology of carcinogenesis.
lim3 encodes an rna polymerase ii transcription factor with a key role in neuron specification.
it was also identified as a candidate gene that affects lifespan.
these pleiotropic effects indicate the fundamental significance of the potential interplay between neural development and lifespan control.
the core and proximal promoter organization for lim3a and a previously unknown mrna named lim3c were described.
a haplotype of two markers in the lim3a regulatory region was significantly associated with variation in lifespan.
we propose that polymorphisms in the regulatory region affect gene transcription , and consequently lifespan.
a naturally occurring polymorphism caused a six-fold change in gene transcription and a @percent@ change in lifespan.
markers associated with long lifespan and intermediate lim3a transcription were present in the population at high frequencies.
background : the aging of the population will make fecal incontinence an increasingly important socioeconomic problem in the coming decades.
methods : this article is based on a selective review of the literature and on clinical experience.
no meta-analyses on this topic have yet been published.
this condition will become more common , in both relative and absolute terms , in the coming decades.
thus , its true prevalence is certainly higher than the surveys imply.
falls are one of the major health problems affecting the quality of life among older adults.
the aging process is associated with decreasing muscle strength and an increasing risk of falling.
this contribution aims to provide an overview of experimental works to increase the comprehension and prevention of falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly.
background / aims : stiff arteries cause high pulse pressure and flow to be transmitted to distal organs during systole , damaging the cerebral microvasculatures.
we compared the severity of csvd , the pulsatile index ( pi ) of both middle cerebral arteries ( mcas ) , and bapwv.
conclusion : these findings suggest that systemic arterial stiffness may be associated with the severity of csvd and pulsatility of cerebral arteries.
the aim of the study was to evaluate whether age at the time of evaluation modulates clinical , functional or cognitive profiles in mci subjects.
methods : a total of @number@ outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of mci were consecutively enrolled and entered in the study.
clinical and demographic characteristics were carefully recorded.
each patient underwent a wide neuropsychological standardized assessment.
the @number@ groups did not differ in demographic characteristics , general cognitive functions and memory impairment.
very old mci subjects showed a significantly greater impairment than younger mci patients in cognitive domains involving executive functions.
in particular , very old mci patients were more frequently classified as having multiple-domain amnestic mci.
purpose : to examine the impact of age and cognitive reserve on cognitive functioning in patients with breast cancer who are receiving adjuvant treatments.
results : mixed-effects modeling revealed significant effects for the processing speed and verbal ability domains.
the chemotherapy group failed to improve at @number@ month after treatment but improved during the last two follow-up assessments.
exploratory analysis of the impact of tamoxifen suggests that this pattern of results may be due to a combination of chemotherapy and tamoxifen.
we sought to determine the existence of a similar association for non-saids ( nsaids ) .
after validation with their primary care physicians , @number@ patients were confirmed as having incident chronic af and @number@ as having paroxysmal af.
two separate nested case-control analyses estimated the risk of first-time chronic and paroxysmal af among users of saids and nsaids.
the increased risk of chronic af was not explained by the occurrence of heart failure.
the use of nsaids was not associated with paroxysmal af.
conclusions : the use of nsaids , as for saids , is associated with an increased risk of chronic af.
in a subset of patients , we also evaluated serum lactate levels after exercise and muscle biopsy results for histology and mitochondrial dna analysis.
setting : university neuromuscular and neurogenetics and magnetic resonance imaging units.
fifteen patients had documented optic atrophy.
in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , the serum lactate level after exercise was elevated.
only @number@ of @number@ muscle biopsies , from the @number@ patients with a missense mutation , showed slight myopathic changes.
low levels of mitochondrial dna multiple deletions were found in all muscle biopsies.
this defect of oxidative phosphorylation does not appear to depend on the low amounts of mitochondrial dna multiple deletions detected in muscle biopsies.
in summary , mci patients present difficulties in advantageous decision making that resemble those reported for patients with mild dementia.
background : there is growing evidence of the involvement of executive control in the maintenance of balance in old age.
methods : twenty healthy older adults were assigned to either training or control groups.
the training group completed five sessions of cognitive dual-task training spaced at least @number@ days apart.
the two tasks involved making two-choice decisions to visually presented stimuli.
results : the training group showed significant improvements in body sway during single-support balance and center of gravity alignment during double-support dynamic balance.
the control group showed no appreciable improvements.
conclusions : this study is the first to demonstrate training-related benefits to gross motor performance stemming from cognitive dual-task training.
the results support the view that motor control in aging is influenced by executive control and have implications for theories of cognitive training and transfer.
the full complement of molecular pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of parkinson disease ( pd ) remains unknown.
next , a range of studies were completed to support the pathogenicity of this finding.
first , to test for a causal link between polyamines and α-synuclein toxicity , we investigated a yeast model expressing α-synuclein.
second , to test for a causal link between sat1 activity and pd histopathology , we investigated a mouse model expressing α-synuclein.
third , to test for a genetic link , we sequenced the sat1 gene and a rare but unique disease-associated variant was identified.
taken together , the findings from human patients , yeast , and a mouse model implicate the polyamine pathway in pd pathogenesis.
at the end of world war ii , a severe 5-mo famine struck the cities in the western part of the netherlands.
at its peak , the rations dropped to as low as @number@ calories per day.
in @number@ cognitive performance in 19-y-old male conscripts was reported not to have been affected by exposure to the famine before birth.
in the present study , we show that cognitive function in later life does seem affected by prenatal undernutrition.
we hypothesize that this decline may be an early manifestation of an accelerated cognitive aging process.
during the @number@ years in which the gerontologist has been publishing , the politics of aging in the united states has undergone distinct changes.
is there a possibility of future intergenerational political conflict over taxes and expenditures for the major old-age benefit programs ?
if so , what might prevent or mitigate it ?
ra is the prototypic chronic inflammatory disease , characterized by progressive articular cartilage and bone destruction.
the systemic nature of ra is evidenced by the increased risk of atherosclerosis and lymphoproliferative disorders.
components of both the innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathophysiology of the articular and extra-articular manifestations of the disease.
a fundamental process in the onset of ra is the breakdown in self-tolerance.
accelerated ageing of immune cells ( immunosenescence ) appears to be a major mechanism favouring the disruption of tolerance.
human-cat dyads may be similar in interaction structure to human dyads because many humans regard their cats as being social companions.
forty owner-cat dyads were visited in their homes , on four occasions , during which their behaviours and interactions were video-taped.
behaviour was coded from tape and was analysed for temporal ( t ) -patterns using theme ( noldus ; magnusson , @number@ ) .
owner personality was assessed using the neo-ffi.
five cat personality axes were identified by principal component analysis ( pca ) based on observer-rated items and on coded behaviours.
we found that the higher the owner in neuroticism , the fewer t-patterns occurred per minute.
the higher the owner in extraversion , the higher was the number of non-overlapping patterns per minute.
the more \ "active \ " the cat , the fewer non-overlapping patterns occurred per minute , but the higher was the event type complexity.
the older the cat , the lower was dyadic event type complexity.
improvements in health care have greatly increased life span in the united states.
the focus is now shifting from physical well-being to improvement in mental well-being or maintenance of cognitive function in old age.
it is known that elderly people suffer from cognitive impairment , even without neurodegeneration , as a part of ' normal aging'.
scientists have been experimenting to find methods to prevent the memory loss associated with aging.
the major factor involved in these experiments is the use of animal models to assess hippocampal-based spatial memory.
this review describes the different types of memory including hippocampal-based memory that is vulnerable to aging.
the review also describes the molecular basis of memory in hippocampus called as ' long-term potentiation'.
the advantages and limitations of the behavioral models in assessing memory and the link to the long-term potentiation are discussed.
this review should assist investigators in choosing suitable methods to assess spatial memory in mice.
this has led to greatly increased response rates and durations of response , as well as improved survival.
it is highly likely that our treatment approaches will continue to evolve as the results of ongoing clinical trials are released.
the current evidence for the implication of lpo in pathological processes is discussed in this review.
objective : to explore factors that influence how informal caregivers manage medications as part of caring for hospice patients.
methods : semistructured , open-ended interviews were conducted with @number@ informal caregivers and @number@ hospice providers from @number@ hospice programs in the chicago metropolitan areas.
qualitative analysis was conducted consistent with the grounded theory approach.
results : in general , informal caregivers and hospice providers identified similar key factors that facilitated or impeded caregivers ' process in managing medications.
caregivers ' life experience and self-confidence were considered assets that facilitated medication management.
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( sahs ) is a complex disease of the upper respiratory airways.
sahs physiopathology is multifactorial in which airway compliance is a very important component.
thirty patients with sahs were divided into groups of @number@ according to disease severity : mild , moderate , and severe sahs.
in addition , the control group consisted of @number@ patients.
in contrast , stereological analysis showed a gradual increase of the collagen and elastic system fibers relative frequencies , proportionally to sahs seriousness.
mmp-2 and mmp-9 immunostaining also showed an increased reaction in the muscle fiber cytoplasm and endomisium during sahs progression.
the ultrastructural analysis showed that palatopharyngeal muscle fibers presented cytoplasmic residual corpuscles , a sign of early cell aging.
moreover , extracellular matrix components changes may contribute to muscle myopathy during sahs progression.
wm injury was categorised as normal / mildly , moderately and severely abnormal.
associations between dti parameters and age , wm injury and clinical factors were analysed.
no association was found between dti parameters and gestational age , degree of wm injury or categorical clinical factors.
background : currently , the face can be reshaped with minimally invasive procedures.
the sutures were inserted through a @number@.5-cm incision positioned in the temporal area.
after insertion of the needle , the sutures were fixed to a small polypropylene mesh over the deep temporal fascia.
results : a total of @number@ patients were treated between @date@ and @date@ .
the results over a mean follow-up period of @number@ months were good , with high patient satisfaction.
there were no infections.
conclusions : face-lifts were performed for @number@ women with a mean age of @number@ years and @number@ men with a mean age of @number@ years.
this procedure can be performed for various age groups to rejuvenate and reshape the middle face.
men whose scars cannot be easily hidden due to baldness are good candidates as well.
the technique led to stable results and only minor , temporary complications , with a high level of satisfaction among patients and surgeons.
the longevity of the results beyond the mean follow-up period of @number@ months needs to be determined.
interviews with three elderly people , from @number@ to @number@ years-old , were held from @date@ to july'@number@
participants responded to questions under the geriatric depression scale , ecomapa , genogram and calgary model.
we examined their gaze behavior during obstacle avoidance in singletask ( st ) and dual-task ( dt ) conditions.
conclusion : our findings suggest that fallers chose an early transfer of gaze strategy when challenged with an obstacle in dt conditions.
background : radioiodine ( 131i ) therapy is widely used for treatment of non-toxic goiters.
a limitation for this treatment is a low thyroid radioiodine uptake ( raiu ) , often encountered in these patients.
aim : to estimate the impact of various factors on the thyroid raiu.
serum tsh was sub-normal in @percent@.
were treated with anti-thyroid drugs.
the thyroid raiu was determined at 24h and @number@ h.
the goiter volume was measured by ultrasound ( no. = 127 ) , or by magnetic resonance imaging ( no. = 43 ) .
these two subgroups did not differ significantly in other variables.
age correlated positively with thyroid volume ( r = 0.31 , p < @number@ ) .
in a regression analysis , s-free t4-index and age remained as the only determinants of the 24h and the @number@ h raiu.
conclusions : in patients with a symptomatic nodular goiter , serum t4 and age are the major determinants of the thyroid raiu.
aim : pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) , an estimate of arterial stiffness , is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein subclasses and brachial-ankle pwv ( bapwv ) .
cholesterol concentrations of major lipoproteins and their subclasses were determined by hplc with gel permeation columns.
background : st-segment elevation in a structurally normal heart is observed in brugada- and early repolarization syndrome.
the incidence of both syndromes is much higher in males than females.
clinical and basic studies suggest that testosterone plays an important role in ventricular repolarization.
the effect of androgen-deprivation therapy on the st segment was also evaluated in @number@ prostate cancer patients ( study @number@ ) .
androgen-deprivation therapy significantly decreased all @number@ st segments in both leads.
glands preliminary have been stained by a solution @percent@ methylene dark blue with sinelnicov's method and by hematoxilin and eozin.
the glands were investigated with the application of stereo binocular microscope mbs-9.
statistical data processing included calculation of arithmetic-mean values , their errors , confidential intervals ( excel ) .
the view of the human urinary bladder glands in the macro-microscopy investigation is different.
the glands have roundish , oval , ribbon forms.
the form of the glands in the different parts of human urinary bladder ( proximal , middle and distal ) is difference.
in the microtopography the glands have been proximal-distal changes ; the quantity of glands increase from the proximal to distal portion.
nonetheless , the tissue-specific role of jnk1-activation in the development of the metabolic syndrome has been poorly defined so far.
individually such alleles have little predictive values , therefore they were usually excluded from further analyses.
we show that this joint influence can be described by a relatively simple \ "genetic dose - phenotypic response \ " relationship.
studies have suggested that dental development substantially influences the variation of mandibular morphology and growth in primates.
as a contribution to the methodology of such studies , we introduce a novel approach to quantifying the covariation between teeth and mandible.
this was done showing fluctuations in the magnitude of this covariation within a sample of modern human mandibles at different postnatal ages.
each specimen's deciduous and permanent teeth were rated for mineralization stage.
form-space principal component analysis of the morphometric data was used to produce a single metric variable that best explains mandibular-form variation.
this variable was then used to quantify the developing teeth , all together , through the use of the additive conjoint measurement method.
this new metric variable corresponds to the dental prediction of the mandibular-form variation.
finally , we examine the covariation of the two over the full range of mineralization stages.
the onset of the decline of the teeth-mandible relationship coincides with the onset time of the adult-like pattern of mastication and speech.
the increasingly functional diversity may lead to more independence between dental development and mandibular growth than during the first two years.
hospice programs have emerged over the last @number@ years as both an effective and humane practice for responding to terminal illnesses in the free society.
more recently , hospice has diffused throughout state , federal , and municipal correctional systems.
nevertheless , involvement of p38 in female reproductive aging is uncertain.
similar results were obtained in human granulosa-like kgn cells treated with hydrogen peroxide ( h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) ) .
similarly cytoplasmic localization of phosphorylated p38 in kgn cells was observed after treatment with h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) .
the activation and cytoplasmic localization of p38 in h ( @number@ ) o ( @number@ ) -treated kgn cells were blocked by n-acetylcysteine and sb203580.
these results indicate that the characteristic localization of p38 in older granulosa cells is induced by oxidative stress.
age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated using the total diabetes population in england every year.
to test for time trend , we fitted poisson regression models.
we hypothesised that age-associated changes in gait speed and kinetics are more pronounced during fast-speed walking and post-activity walking , compared with usual-speed walking.
this might provide a link between air pollution and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
it is conceivable that stimulating proteasome activity for rapid removal of misfolded and oxidized proteins is a promising strategy to prevent and alleviate aging-related diseases.
here , we report that sfn activates heat shock transcription factor 1-mediated heat shock response.
specifically , sfn-induced expression of heat shock protein @number@ ( hsp27 ) underlies sfn-stimulated proteasome activity.
sfn-induced proteasome activity was significantly enhanced in hsp27-overexpressing cells but absent in hsp27-silenced cells.
finally , we demonstrated that phosphorylation of hsp27 is irrelevant to sfn-induced proteasome activation.
this study provides a novel mechanism underlying sfn-induced proteasome activity.
objectives : technology represents advances in knowledge that change the way humans perform tasks.
ideally , technology will make the task easier , more efficient , safer , or perhaps more pleasurable.
unfortunately , new technologies can sometimes make a task more difficult , slower , dangerous , or perhaps more frustrating.
apoe4 showed an independent effect on hippocampal atrophy in mci and ad and in the pooled sample.
arrest is due to an inability to produce a functional extracellular matrix ( ecm ) , because growth on normal ecm rescues proliferation.
chromosome abnormalities in humans are strikingly associated with increasing maternal age.
studies in mice implicate loss of chromosome cohesion as an important cause of age-related meiotic errors in the oocyte.
the present study investigated the extent to which a particular type of fear extrapolates to other emotional responses to diverse threatening challenges.
at @number@ days of age , hfb rats exhibited greater fps than lfb rats.
in contrast , prior selection of hfb and lfb did not affect the performance of 30-day-old animals in the epm and novelty-induced usvs.
sixty-day-old animals exhibited a performance deficit in all three tests.
however , the increased fear-like behavior exhibited by the 60-day-old hfb rats may elicit performance deficits in conditioned and unconditioned fear tests.
basal production and transient increases during stress of glucocorticoids and its hypothalamic regulators are essential for neuronal plasticity and normal brain function.
thus , prompt termination of the stress response is essential to prevent negative effects of inappropriate levels of crh and glucocorticoids.
in addition , the actions by which glucocorticoids , crh and vp can affect the aging process will be discussed.
a major category of stressors that contribute to the alterations within the t lymphocyte compartment is the family of herpes viruses.
similar cells accumulate at younger ages in persons chronically infected with hiv-1.
in addition to persistent viral infection , psychological stress as well as oxidative stress can also contribute to the generation of senescent dysfunctional t lymphocytes.
evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented in this review.
during normal aging and in ad , cell loss is not as prominent a phenomenon as is often presumed.
decreased neuronal activity is an essential characteristic of ad , and a substantial decrease of cerebral glucose metabolism may even precede cognitive impairments.
some hypothalamic neurons remain intact and active during the process of aging , others become even hyperactive , which may lead to disorders.
arginine vasopressin ( avp ) levels were found to be higher in the elderly than in young subjects.
no significant functional loss of magnocellular hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons were found in the son or pvn in ad.
the activated hpa axis is a risk for depression.
environmental stimulation increases brain reserve.
a series of observations showed that a dysfunctional clock may underlie the disordered rhythms in ad.
this implies that neurons affected by ad can still be reactivated if the right stimuli are applied.
unknown diffusible factors from the neural stem cells improve the survival of aged and degenerating neurons in postmortem human brain slice cultures.
gene therapy with nerve growth factor aimed at the nbm showed metabolic activation of various brain regions.
numerous studies have been made in recent years addressing the effect of physical exercise on brain cortical activity and changes in mood.
this research , however , was restricted to inadequate study designs in the elderly.
the equation ( right-left ) / ( right + left ) was used to calculate frontal asymmetry as a marker of approach-related emotions.
based on the frontal asymmetry model , an increase in the alpha-1 activation ( p < 0.05 ) might be associated with approach-related emotions.
we were able to demonstrate this in this pilot study by applying only a comparatively simple and economically viable method.
hypo-responsiveness to growth factors is a fundamental feature of cellular senescence.
the disturbances in erk signaling in nup107 depleted cells closely mirror the similar changes in senescent cells.
using a novel virtual y-maze strategy assessment ( vysa ) , the present study demonstrated substantial age differences in strategy preference in humans.
older adults overwhelmingly preferred an egocentric strategy , while younger adults were equally distributed between egocentric and allocentric preference.
these results establish baseline age differences in spatial strategies and suggest this may impact performance on other spatial navigation assessments.
the results are interpreted within the framework of age differences in hippocampal structure and function.
this study investigated the relationship between age-related declines in muscle thickness of the lower extremities and daily physical activity in elderly women.
the subjects comprised @number@ young women and @number@ elderly women residing in a nursing home.
daily physical activity was evaluated using life-space assessment ( lsa ) which assessed the life-space level , degree of independence , and frequency of attainment.
only the gluteus medius was significantly associated with the lsa score ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) in elderly women.
old adults show a decreased recovery performance compared to young ones after unexpected perturbations increasing the risk of falls.
@number@ old adults ( two experimental groups each n = 13 and a control group , n = 12 ) participated in the study.
group @number@ exercised these mechanisms of dynamic stability and muscle strength.
the exercise volume was equal in both interventions ( @number@ weeks , two times per week and ∼ @number@.5h per session ) .
stability performance has been examined by simulated forward falls before and after the intervention.
the two experimental groups improved in a similar extent ( ∼ @percent@ ) their ability to regain balance during forward falls after the intervention.
the reason was a faster increase in base of support.
further , the performance enhancement was related to an increase in the rate of hip moment generation.
exercising the mechanisms responsible for dynamic stability control in old adults affects their ability to regain balance after forward falls.
a faster utilization of these mechanisms due to improved neuromuscular coordination resulted in the significant performance enhancement.
abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) and atherosclerosis are common causes of mortality and morbidity in an aging population.
angiogenesis is believed to contribute to the development and progression of these diseases.
angiopoietins ( angpts ) are known to be important regulators of angiogenesis.
angpts can also influence inflammation and have been shown to possess both pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects.
this review explores the potential roles that the angpts play in the development and progression of aaa and atherosclerosis.
while these measurements have yielded new insights into brain development and pathologies , they have yet to be thoroughly investigated in the spinal cord.
proteomic data from an in vivo mice model in constant light and an in vitro oxidative stress model are compared to controls under normal conditions.
our proteomic study shows that prohibitin is involved in oxidative stress signaling in the retina and rpe.
the identity of prohibitin in the retina and rpe was studied using 2d electrophoresis , immunohistochemistry , western blot , and mass spectrometry analysis.
our proteomic approach implies that prohibitin in the rpe and the retina could be a new biomarker protein of oxidative stress in aging and diabetes.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) patients typically suffer from motor disorders but mild to severe cognitive deficits can also be present.
gad67 mrna labeling was examined and quantified on x-ray films and emulsion radioautographs.
we show that gad67 mrna labeling is significantly lower in pd compared to control cases.
another finding from the microarray study is a negative relationship between gad67 mrna expression and age at death.
episodic memory is a core feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
impaired episodic memory in ad results from the dysfunction of an integrated network and involves both gray and white matter pathologies.
episodic memory was associated with hippocampal volume and md of the cingulum and fornix.
in contrast , there were fewer significant associations between episodic memory and fa.
furthermore , md was significantly associated with hippocampal volume , indicating that white matter pathology is not completely independent of gray matter pathology.
however , the pattern of diffusivity differences in ad and mci implies a more complex pathology than simply wallerian degeneration.
calcitonin gene-related peptide ( cgrp ) , a major neurotransmitter of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves , protects endothelial function.
whether cgrp protects against epcs senescence is unknown.
the anti-senescence mechanisms of cgrp on epcs were investigated either by applying cgrp antagonist or by silence of klotho , an anti-aging protein.
the results showed that both cgrp and klotho mrna expression were reduced in ang ii-induced senescent epcs.
exogenous application of cgrp inhibited ang ii-induced epcs senescence by down-regulating the expression of nadph oxidase and reactive oxygen species production.
similarly , rutaecarpine or cgrp i over-expression also inhibited ang ii-induced epcs senescence.
furthermore , gene silence of klotho markedly attenuated the anti-senescence effect of cgrp on epcs.
design : scores were collected during the same testing session and were compared with other measures using a pearson correlation.
setting : community-based senior centers.
participants : one hundred forty-five participants aged @number@.6±7.2 were recruited using flyers distributed at health fairs , senior centers , and lifelong learning programs.
results : the mbtr significantly correlated to all standard measures of physical performance.
norms are reported for all participants , and reliability analyses were conducted using data from @number@ participants.
data were divided into quintiles to create cutoffs for physical performance rankings that can be used when reporting results to the general public.
design : two ongoing , prospective observational cohort studies of aging.
setting : greater metropolitan chicago area.
participants : one thousand four hundred forty-five community-based older persons without dementia.
the association between life space and mortality was examined using proportional hazards models adjusted for age , sex , race , and education.
results : over up to @number@ years of follow-up ( mean @number@ years ) , @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died.
conclusion : constricted life space is associated with greater risk of death in older community-based persons.
this article argues that attempts to use hta for healthcare rationing are likely to disadvantage older patients.
guiding principles to help ensure that resources such as kidneys are justly allocated across the life span are proposed.
the sample consisted of @number@ respondents , aged 18-84 years , who were responsible for food purchasing and cooking in the household.
results : european consumers had a very strong belief that eating fish is healthy.
subjective knowledge was found to be a stronger predictor of fish consumption than the previously noted factors.
age and education contributed , both directly and indirectly through knowledge , to explain fish consumption behaviour.
conclusions : the findings of the present study suggest that communication should focus on health-related benefits other than fish consumption alone.
background : older people's quality of life can be improved by preparing for the transition into old age.
method : a randomized controlled trial design was conducted from in @number@ in a community centre in hong kong.
however , in the music group , there were no statistically significant improvements of quality of life in each sub-score over the @number@ weeks.
music is a non-invasive , simple and inexpensive therapeutic method of improving quality of life in community-dwelling elders.
skeletal injury is one of the most prevalent clinical problems that jeopardize the activities of daily life , especially in our aging society.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) play pivotal roles in regenerating bones after bone injury.
mscs come from the surrounding tissues and / or circulation.
the aim of our study was to examine the validity of these two parameters in chd classification as used in three different classification programs.
using pearson's correlation coefficient , the value of which was @number@ ( p < 0.05 ) , we observed a positive correlation.
results were significant.
background : markers for longevity that reflect the health condition and predict healthy aging are extremely scarce.
such markers are , however , valuable in aging research.
it has been shown previously that the n-glycosylation pattern of human immunoglobulin g ( igg ) is age-dependent.
here we investigate whether n-linked glycans reflect early features of human longevity.
igg subclass specific glycosylation patterns were obtained from @number@ participants in the lls by maldi-tof-ms analysis of tryptic igg fc glycopeptides.
several regression strategies were applied to evaluate the association of igg glycosylation with age , sex , and longevity.
the degree of galactosylation of igg decreased with increasing age.
for the galactosylated glycoforms the incidence of bisecting glcnac increased as a function of age.
sex-related differences were observed at ages below @number@ years.
conclusions / significance : we here describe igg glycoforms associated with calendar age at all ages and the propensity for longevity before middle age.
recent findings : aerobic exercise reduces ptag ; however , recent findings confirm that this effect is only evident with an accompanying energy deficit.
moreover , a recent study showed that acute diet-induced energy deficit also reduces ptag.
finally , investigation of the underlying mechanisms may be clinicall helpful in individualizing the appropriate intervention.
objective : compare subjective reports of both memory and word-finding deficits to clinical diagnosis and objective neuropsychological testing.
background : with the increasing number of aging individuals with cognitive impairments , effective screening measures would improve the likelihood of detection.
subjective reports of symptoms are typically obtained in clinical settings , yet the validity of these reports is relatively unknown.
methods : clinical screening for dementia was carried out at an alzheimer disease center.
dichotomous ratings for memory and word-finding / language problems were given by patients and neurologists.
these ratings were compared with @number@ neuropsychological measures of word-finding / language and episodic memory.
results : ratings of memory by both patients and neurologists correlated well with standard neuropsychological measures of memory.
conclusion : compared with ratings of memory , similar assessments of word-finding / language difficulties were relatively inaccurate , and thus poor predictors of impairment.
the process of aging involves the accumulating changes in the microenvironment that lead to cell senescence or apoptosis , and subsequent tissue or organ dysfunction.
multiple extrinsic and intrinsic events that cause dna instability are associated with aging.
thus , the cell's capacity to repair its dna determines the progress of aging , at least in part.
here , we focus on the sirtuins , the mammalian homologs of the yeast life-span-extending molecule , sir2.
although the role of sirt1 in mammalian longevity is not clear , it is expressed throughout the retina , where it may suppress aging.
in fact , a mutant mouse model of retinal degeneration shows an abnormal subcellular localization of sirt1 protein and accelerated retinal cell apoptosis.
when considering such age-related changes , it is difficult to separate pathological change from physiological change , and cause from consequence.
we suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction , as either a cause or consequence of injury , renders retinal ganglion cells sensitive to degeneration.
purpose : cataracts are often considered to be an unavoidable consequence of aging.
oxidative damage is a major cause or consequence of cortical and nuclear cataracts , the most common types of age-related cataracts.
the evidence linking different oxidative stresses to the different types of cataracts is critically evaluated.
factors in the eye that maintain low oxygen partial pressure around the lens are , therefore , important in protecting the lens from nuclear cataract.
conclusions : maintaining or restoring the low oxygen partial pressure around that lens should decrease or prevent nuclear cataracts.
recent advances in the understanding of aging have paved a new way of thinking about intervening with the aging process.
in addition to the cr theory , the free radical theory is another important hypothesis , which is believed to be involved in aging.
according to this theory , we can manage the aging process by controlling calories or reactive oxygen species.
cellular senescence is characterized by cellular hypertrophy : cell growth in the absence of cell division.
many of these substances have been shown to lengthen the lifespan of invertebrates.
many of these compounds have other potential beneficial effects on lifespan as antiatherogenic or antineoplastic agents.
we explored changes in finger interaction in the process of healthy aging as a window into neural control strategies of natural movements.
healthy elderly participants performed accurate isometric force production tasks in five directions by individual fingers and by all four fingers acting together.
their data were compared with a dataset obtained in a similar earlier study of young subjects.
finger force vectors were measured using six-component force / torque sensors.
multifinger synergies were quantified using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis.
the elderly participants produced lower force magnitudes by noninstructed fingers and higher force magnitudes by instructed fingers in nontask directions.
they showed strong synergies stabilizing the magnitude and direction of the total force vector.
however , the synergy indexes were significantly lower than those observed in the earlier study of young subjects.
the results are consistent with an earlier hypothesis of preferential weakening of intrinsic hand muscles with age.
the reported disparate findings may be related to the task-dependent nature of fatigue and the limited number of studies exploring nonisometric contractile function and aging.
participants performed @number@ maximal velocity-dependent plantar flexions at a constant load of @percent@ maximal voluntary isometric contraction ( mvc ) .
isometric twitch properties and mvcs were tested at baseline and during and following the fatigue task.
voluntary activation was similar between the old and young ( ~98% ) and was unaltered with fatigue.
hence , peak power was @percent@ lower in the old ( p < @number@ ) .
peak power was reduced by @percent@ and @percent@ at task termination in the old and young , respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
group functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging ( fcmri ) studies have documented reliable changes in human functional brain maturity over development.
the resultant functional maturation curve accounted for @percent@ of the sample variance and followed a nonlinear asymptotic growth curve shape.
the greatest relative contribution to predicting individual brain maturity was made by the weakening of short-range functional connections between the adult brain's major functional networks.
sirt6 belongs to the sirtuin family of protein lysine deacetylases , which regulate aging and genome stability.
these findings further clarify how sirt6 promotes genome stability.
one of the limitations of research into diabetic retinopathy is the lack of suitable animal models.
the vascular changes were associated with major histocompatibility complex class ii + cellular staining throughout the retina.
global glomerulosclerosis with loss of podocytes in humans is typical of end-stage renal pathology.
glomerular epithelial stem cells generate podocytes during kidney growth and regenerate podocytes after injury , thus explaining why various glomerular disorders undergo remission occasionally.
better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate growth and differentiation of glomerular epithelial stem cells may provide new clues for prevention and treatment of glomerulosclerosis.
aims : to assess the potential association between vision and cognition in an ambulatory older population.
methods : a sample of @number@ adults aged @number@ and older seeking non-emergent ophthalmic care.
participants were interviewed with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) during their regular scheduled visit.
vision and cognition scores were unrelated ( pearson = -0.09 , p = 0.41 ) .
an mmse < 24 ( out of @number@ ) was found in @percent@ of individuals.
a score of @number@ in the mmse ( blind ) ( out of @number@ ) identified @number@ ( @percent@ ) of them.
language was uniformly affected across levels of vision impairment.
background : muscle power is related to mobility function in older adults , and effective power production requires rapid neuromuscular activation.
accordingly , this study examines the association of neuromuscular activation rate with muscle performance in persons of different age and mobility function.
oh and oml were primarily differentiated by performance on the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
neuromuscular activation rate was quantified as pre-movement time ( duration between emg onset and movement onset ) and the rate of emg rise.
across all older participants , rate of emg rise was positively associated with acceleration , power , and the sppb score.
conclusions : slowing of neuromuscular activation rate is associated with compromised dynamic muscle performance , which may contribute to mobility limitations in some older adults.
future research should identify the precise neurophysiological impairments that contribute to declines in neuromuscular activation rate and mobility function with aging.
this study assesses the factors influencing the movement of people across health plans.
using data from the group insurance commission in massachusetts , we show that adverse selection and aging in place are both quantitatively important.
either can materially impact equilibrium enrollments , especially when premiums to enrollees reflect these costs.
our visual world is hierarchically organized.
hierarchical processing is frequently investigated using navon figures ( large letters made up of smaller ones ) .
furthermore , an age-related decline of this gp has been reported.
we tested whether deficits in perceptual grouping via gestalt laws ( gestalt principles of proximity and continuity ) might contribute to this decline.
the number of local letters forming the global figure was modulated in @number@ steps.
this suggests that gp is related to perceptual grouping via gestalt laws.
no gp enhancement with an increasing number of local elements was observed.
individual differences in working memory ( wm ) performance have rarely been related to individual differences in the functional responsivity of the wm brain network.
furthermore , individuals with higher wm performance showed greater change in connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left premotor cortex across load.
we conclude that a more responsive wm network contributes to higher wm performance , regardless of adult age.
our results support the notion that individual differences in wm performance are important to consider when studying the wm network , particularly in age-comparative studies.
results : mean plasma bioavailable estradiol ( e2 ) levels in the two groups ranged between @number@ and @number@ pmol / l.
the study comprised @number@ japanese patients with loh symptoms ( > 27 points on the aging males symptoms scale ) .
thirty-four patients were diagnosed as having depression and the remaining @number@ patients were diagnosed as not having depression by the mini international neuropsychiatric interview.
iief5 scores of depression patients were significantly lower than those of non-depression patients.
in khq , only the category of general health perceptions was significantly higher in depression patients than non-depression patients.
however , ipss , qol index , and endocrinological and uroflowmetric data showed no significant difference between the groups.
multiple logistic regression analysis revealed moderate and severe ed to be risk factors for depression.
however , luts are not related to depression.
moderate and severe ed is correlated with depression , whereas luts are not related to depression in japanese loh patients.
methods : the tool was translated into arabic and tested on @number@ saudi men.
arabic ams scale was applied in the base line visit , then @number@ weeks after treatment.
testosterone was monitored before treatment , @number@ weeks and after @number@ weeks.
results : ninety-two subjects were included , cronbach's α of @number@ showed a very good internal consistency of the arabic ams questionnaire.
the corresponding α for the subscales were @number@ @number@ and @number@
introduction. the relationship among lifestyle , aging and psychological wellbeing was evaluated in japanese working men.
methods. self-administered questionnaire on six lifestyle factors and the general health questionnaire 12-item version ( ghq12 ) were administered to @number@ male workers.
to check validity of the study outcome , the authors repeated twice with @number@ year interval.
hpi was categorised into three groups by the score of 0-2 , 3-4 and 5-6.
results. the number of subjects categorised by hpi was @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the mean value of ghq12 significantly decreased as the hpi increased by adjusting age.
multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted and age in 50s , two-shift work , sleep , night snacking and exercise were significantly associated with ghq12.
conclusion. although cause-effect relationship cannot make clear , some of desirable health practices and aging were closely related to psychological wellbeing judged by ghq12.
introduction : though the clinical significance of testosterone deficiency is becoming increasingly apparent , its prevalence in the general population remains unrecognised.
a large web-based survey was undertaken over @number@ years to study the scale of this missed diagnosis.
the average age was @number@ but with many in their 40s when the diagnosis of ' late onset hypogonadism ' is not generally considered.
this study suggests that there are large numbers of men in the community whose testosterone deficiency is neither being diagnosed nor treated.
an amalgam of health concerns differentially affects the behavioral , psychological , and physical well-being of african american women.
despite these findings , ambiguity remains about the contextual factors that affect the physical and mental well-being of african american women.
methods : we designed a multidisciplinary , community-based , prospective longitudinal epidemiologic study among socioeconomically diverse african americans and whites.
results : there were no significant age differences associated with sex or race.
participants below the @percent@ poverty delimiter were slightly younger than those above the delimiter.
age , race , and sex , but not poverty status , were associated with the likelihood of a physical examination.
older participants , women , and whites were more likely to complete their examinations.
the aging of the population leads to increasing incidence rates of dementia.
besides pharmacotherapy , non-pharmacological interventions are becoming more and more recognised.
regulating guidelines of the local health insurance companies do not yet include this type of intervention.
however , they are recommended in the recently published german guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.
scientific efforts for the evaluation of specific training programmes can be expected ; implementation of the results into clinical practice is desirable.
results : twenty-two prepubertal ts patients had delayed bone age , were shorter and lighter than controls ( ps < @number@ ) .
however , after additional adjusting for puberty , results were not different from controls.
each style has its own principal injuries , both acute and chronic , related to the individual technique.
acute injuries should be further categorized as emergent or nonemergent.
specific age-related populations ( i.e. , the very young and the aging athlete ) carry additional considerations.
progeria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging , involving the skin , bones , heart , and blood vessels.
we report a 4-year-old boy who presented with clinical manifestations of progeria.
the present case is reported due to its rarity.
impairments of the vestibular-ocular reflex ( vor ) lead to a decline in visual acuity during head movements.
dynamic visual acuity ( dva ) testing is a sensitive assessment tool for detecting vor impairments.
dva evaluates accuracy of visual acuity during fixed velocity head movements.
the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the gst in participants without vestibular disease.
the study was conducted in a vestibular and balance laboratory at a tertiary medical center.
a total of @number@ healthy adult volunteers were included in this study.
a significant negative correlation was found between age and maximum head velocity ( r = -0.469 , p < @number@ ) .
previous studies have indicated that the main molecular characteristic of aging is the progressive accumulation of oxidative damages in cellular macromolecules.
proteins are one of the main molecular targets of age-related oxidative stress , which have been observed during aging process in cellular systems..
we show an age dependent decrease in t-sh levels and increase in pco and aopps level.
the alterations in the levels of these parameters correlated significantly with the total antioxidant capacity of the plasma.
the levels of oxidized proteins in plasma provide an excellent biomarker of oxidative stress due to the relative long half-life of such oxidized proteins.
background : hippocampal changes may be a useful biomarker for alzheimer's disease if they are specific to dementia sub-type.
we compare hippocampal volume and shape in population-based incident cases of alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia ( vad ) .
methods : participants are japanese-american men from the honolulu asia aging study.
we used 3-d mapping methods developed at the laboratory of neuro imaging ( loni ) to compare regional variation in hippocampal width between dementia groups.
results : hippocampal volume was about @percent@ smaller in the alzheimer's disease group compared to the vad group , but the difference was not significant.
hippocampal shape differed between the two case groups for the left ( p < 0.04 ) but not right ( p < 0.21 ) hippocampus.
these findings suggest hippocampal atrophy in alzheimer's disease may be more focal than in vad.
the authors investigated cognitive predictors in patients with confluent wml.
all volumetric measures were corrected for intracranial volume.
the authors also performed pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) imaging among seven cognitive impaired patients with stroke.
results : wml was no longer related to cognitive performance after adding atrophy into regression equations.
volumes of wml and cognitively relevant brain regions were significantly associated.
conclusions : cognitive impairment in patients with confluent wml is mediated by global and frontal cortical atrophy.
the arterial baroreflex is fundamental for evoking and maintaining appropriate cardiovascular adjustments to exercise.
we sought to investigate how aging influences carotid baroreflex regulation of blood pressure ( bp ) during dynamic exercise.
early language development sets the stage for a lifetime of competence in language and literacy.
diastolic heart failure is increasing in prevalence.
although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood and current therapeutic strategies are limited , identification of diastolic dysfunction is important.
we review the role of contemporary techniques with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( cmri ) in the assessment of diastolic dysfunction.
evaluation of diastolic function can also be performed by cmri.
mitral valve inflow velocities , early deceleration time , and pulmonary vein flow velocities are diastolic parameters that can be measured by phase-contrast cmri.
studies have compared echocardiography and cmri for diagnosing diastolic dysfunction in small patient groups with similar results.
children with asd often suffer from epilepsy and paroxysmal eeg abnormality.
each participant's eeg had been recorded approximately every @number@ months under sleep conditions.
epilepsy was diagnosed in @percent@ ( 375 / 1014 ) of the study participants.
almost all patients diagnosed with epilepsy presented with symptomatic epilepsy.
the data showed that the participants with lower iq had a higher incidence of epileptic seizures.
epileptic eeg discharges occurred in @percent@ ( 870 / 1014 ) of the patients.
there was also a very high incidence of spike discharges in participants whose intellectual quotient was very low or low.
these results support the notion that there is a relationship between asd and dysfunction of the mirror neuron system.
the management of seizure waves in children diagnosed with asd may result in improves function and reduction of autistic symptoms.
background : the hippocampus is a brain region that is particularly affected by age-related morphological changes.
it is generally assumed that a loss in hippocampal volume results in functional deficits that contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
results : better performance in several tests of verbal memory , verbal fluency and executive function was indeed associated with higher hippocampal neural activity.
conclusions : our results suggest that in non-pathological aging , hippocampal neural activity does not decrease with age but is rather related to cognitive competence.
increasing numbers of older people and decreasing rates of edentulism highlight the importance of dental education that focuses on oral health and ageing.
a total of @number@ students were evaluated during their rotational clinical posting in the fifth year of the dental education programme.
the results suggest that general attitudes need to be changed by the inclusion of geriatric dentistry in the dental curriculum.
exposure of students to didactic and clinical setting appears to be a critical element towards positive knowledge and attitude of the elderly.
however , considerable variations in median levels of tt and cft were observed during the study.
symptoms according to the aging males ' symptoms scale remained unchanged.
no severe toxicity was encountered.
only one patient experienced transient elevation of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase with maximal common toxicity criteria , grade @number@
in most cases , 10-week intervals appear to be sufficient.
background and objective : a variety of laser or light-based devices have been developed for skin rejuvenation.
methods : healthy adult japanese volunteers were recruited for this study.
the left arms were also treated with egf through a tip.
each subject received four treatments at 10-day intervals.
biopsy specimens obtained @number@ weeks after the second treatment and @number@ weeks after the fourth treatment were examined for histological study.
after the fourth treatment , angiogenesis and increased collagen fibers were observed in the dermal papillary layers of both arms.
validated , standardized scales for measurement of ageing and response to cosmetic procedures are lacking.
a set of validated , objective , quantitative scales has been developed in association with experts from different specialties within aesthetic medicine.
these scales allow evaluation of the key signs of ageing that cause individuals to seek cosmetic procedures.
each scale is a five-point photonumeric scale based on computer-simulated photographs incorporating each aspect to be evaluated in a stepwise manner.
morbidity and mortality data are important for planning and implementing healthcare strategies of a country.
during this period , @number@ hospital admissions in total were recorded , of which @percent@ were for male , and @percent@ were for female.
a considerable proportion ( @percent@ ) of the hospitalized patients remained undiagnosed.
purpose / objectives : to identify appropriate strategies for pharmacotherapeutic agents in the management of pain in older adults with cancer.
data sources : pubmed literature searches , personal reference collection , and clinical experience.
conclusions : unrelieved pain can have a detrimental effect on older adults ; conversely , overmedicating can lead to an increased risk of adverse events.
also , common comorbidities increase the risk of pharmacologic toxicity and narrow the therapeutic window.
in addition , polypharmacy-an issue more common in older adults-increases the complexity of prescribing and risk of adverse events.
consequently , older adults require individualization of their pharmacotherapies.
healthcare providers should consider carefully the risks and benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , opioids , and adjuvants before initiating an analgesic trial.
in population terms , patients with cd have increased risk of fracture compared with the general population.
recent studies suggest that individual hippocampal subregions perform distinct cognitive operations and are differentially targeted by aging and disease.
in clinical practice , the reticulocyte count is the most useful method to estimate red cell life span and red cell production.
formerly , this was partly due to the low precision of manual counts.
interpretation is supported by calculated parameters such as the reticulocyte production index.
the ovid and google scholar databases were utilized as well and provided no additional references for the two terms.
background : human lifespan is approximately @percent@ heritable , and genetic factors may be particularly important for achieving exceptional longevity.
accordingly , siblings of centenarians have a dramatically higher probability of reaching extreme old age than the general population.
the empirical p value for the combined result was @number@
conclusions / significance : our linkage data should facilitate the discovery of both common and rare variants that determine genetic variability in lifespan.
senescence is a highly regulated process that limits cellular replication by enforcing a g1 arrest in response to various stimuli.
replicative senescence occurs in response to telomeric dna erosion , and telomerase expression can offset replicative senescence leading to immortalization of many human cells.
from this group of senescence-associated mirnas , we confirmed the ability of mir-143 to induce growth arrest after ectopic expression in young fibroblasts.
remarkably , mir-143 failed to induce growth arrest in bj-htert cells.
glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( gsk-3 ) is increasingly implicated as playing a pivotal role in this amyloid cascade.
this fly model can thus be used to examine the role of events during adulthood and early ad aetiology.
ages are known to participate in many age-related human diseases , including cardiovascular , neurological , and liver diseases.
the metabolism of these glycated proteins is not yet understood , and the mechanisms that reduce their accumulation are not known so far.
using mutants , we show that gcp depletion results in accumulation of amps and eventually leads to the accumulation of ages.
we demonstrate that gcp binds to glycated proteins , including pyruvate dehydrogenase , previously shown to be a glycation-prone enzyme.
our experiments also show that the severe phenotype of gcp depletion can be relieved under conditions of low intracellular glycation.
our skin suffers from daily exposure to oxidative stress , primarily from exposure to the sun's damaging ultraviolet ( uv ) rays.
this results in the appearance of premature aging.
the mechanisms of this photodamage to all layers of the skin by the various wavelengths ( uvb and uva ) will be clarified.
research substantiating the efficacy of vitamins c and e and of selenium will be reviewed.
a 45-year-old man was hospitalized because of weight loss , finger tremor , thirst , polydipsia and increased urinary frequency.
he was diagnosed with graves ' disease ( gd ) and central diabetes insipidus ( cdi ) .
magnetic resonance imaging revealed the enlarged posterior pituitary with thickened stalk.
histological examination obtained from biopsy of the pituitary revealed lymphocytic
he received treatment with thiamazole ( mmi ) for gd and desmopressin acetate ( ddavp ) for cdi.
however , ddavp administration could be discontinued as gd was gradually improved.
background : thrombocytopenia is a common finding in several diseases but almost nothing is known about the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in the general population.
we examined the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and determinants of platelet count in a healthy population with a wide age range.
participants underwent a complete blood count evaluation and a structured questionnaire , used to collect epidemiological data.
analysis of platelet counts across classes of age revealed that platelet number decreased progressively with aging.
as a consequence , thrombocytopenia was nearly absent in young people and its prevalence increased regularly during lifetime.
the opposite occurred for thrombocytosis.
research design and methods : a total of @number@ fdr and @number@ control ( con ) subjects participated in the study.
additionally , mrna expression of lipases was determined in biopsies from scaat.
results : before bed rest , the fdr subjects revealed significantly increased glucose uptake in scaat.
furthermore , mrna expression of lipases was significantly decreased in the scaat of fdr subjects.
bed rest significantly decreased lipolysis and tended to increase glucose uptake in the scfat of both con and fdr subjects.
in response to bed rest , scaat glucose uptake significantly increased in con subjects but not in fdr subjects.
conclusions : fdr subjects exhibit an abnormal at metabolism including increased glucose uptake prior to bed rest.
physical inactivity per se is not more deleterious in fdr subjects as compared with con subjects with respect to derangements in at metabolism.
non-invasive measurements of heart rate and blood pressure were obtained during @number@ min of supine rest.
the baroreflex slope ( brs ) and baroreflex effectiveness index ( bei ) were determined using the sequence method for baroreflex sensitivity.
our findings therefore suggest that csh is part of a generalized autonomic disorder but do not differentiate between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( ipf ) , a heterogeneous disease with respect to clinical presentation and rates of progression , disproportionately affects older adults.
there are no effective treatments.
ipf is predominantly a disease of older adults , and the processes underlying normal aging might significantly influence the development of ipf.
during aging , telomere shortening correlates with tissue dysfunction and loss of renewal capacity.
telomeres constitute an attractive target for the development of novel small-molecule anti-cancer drugs.
the global population is aging.
immunosenescence , multiple comorbid diseases , and grouped quarter living all coalesce in nursing home residents to increase the risk for infectious disease.
this review discusses the opportunities and challenges involved with research of the evolving public health problem of infections among nursing home residents.
most human cells lack sufficient telomerase to maintain telomeres , hence these genetic elements shorten with time and stress , contributing to aging and disease.
we report here analysis of the first year of data focusing on the immune system.
most of these decreases were seen in cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) seropositive subjects.
in a subset of subjects , the distribution of telomere lengths in leukocytes at baseline and @number@ months was measured.
no adverse events were attributed to pattonprotocol-1.
controlled randomized trials are planned to assess ta-65®-specific effects in humans.
it is widely assumed that older adults suffer a deficit in the psychological processes that underlie remembering of contextual or source information.
the theoretical perspective presented here allows for a critical examination of the widely held belief that aging entails the selective disruption of particular memory processes.
implications for these findings are discussed in terms of adult intellectual development and maintenance.
advanced age is associated with decrements in episodic memory , which are more pronounced in memory for associations than for individual items.
we address those issues using a verbal paired-associate yes-no recognition paradigm on a lifespan sample of @number@ healthy , well-educated adults.
sex differences and health factors may modify the associative deficit regardless of age.
perceiving and memorizing faces swiftly and correctly are important social competencies.
the organization of these interpersonal abilities and how they change across the life span are still poorly understood.
we investigated changes in the mean and covariance structure of face cognition abilities across the adult life span.
a sample of @number@ participants , with age ranging from @number@ to @number@ years , completed a battery of @number@ face cognition tasks.
the modeling showed that the loadings and intercepts of all measures are age invariant.
the factor means showed substantial decrements with increasing age.
age-related decrements in performance were strongest for the speed of face cognition but were also salient for face perception and face memory.
implications of these findings on a theoretical and methodological level are discussed , and potential consequences for applied settings are considered.
in @number@ experiments , the authors examined whether a single act of testimony can inform children's subsequent information seeking.
adults and 7-year-olds but not 4-year-olds selected the previously correct informant.
in experiment @number@ after assessing which informant was ( not ) very good at answering , even 4-year-olds selected the previously correct informant.
in experiment @number@ in the absence of external demands to evaluate the informants , 7-year-olds and adults still selected the previously correct informant.
results indicated that younger individuals and individuals with a more incoherent self-concept showed higher average negative affect across the study.
these main effects were qualified by significant interactions.
reactivity to daily stress did not differ for individuals of different ages or for individuals with different levels of self-concept incoherence.
the current study helps to elucidate the role of risk and resilience factors when adults are faced with daily stress.
childhood amnesia refers to the inability of adults to recall events that occurred during their infancy and early childhood.
here , we developed a new timeline procedure to directly compare the early memories reported by children , adolescents , and adults.
overall , the proportion of memories reported before the age of @number@ years was greater for the children and adolescents relative to the adults.
in addition , the single earliest memory reported by children and adolescents was at a younger age than that reported by adults.
regardless of the age of the rememberer , participants ' early memories had the same episodic characteristics.
this article reviews the behavioral literature on the control of goal-directed aiming and presents a multiple-process model of limb control.
we outline how early practice contributes to optimizing strategic planning to avoid worst-case outcomes associated with inherent neural-motor variability.
our model considers the role of both motor development and motor learning in refining feed-forward and online control.
the model reconciles procedural and representational accounts of the specificity-of-learning phenomenon.
the parotid glands secrete about @percent@ of all saliva produced.
in the presence of a stimulus , the amount of saliva secreted from the parotid gland increases to @percent@.
a decrease in the amount of produced saliva due to aging and parotiditis results in a dry mouth.
therefore , the parotid duct is important to maintaining a healthy oral cavity.
in this study , @number@ fetal specimens ranging from @number@ to @number@ months of age at death were dissected for anatomical and histological examinations.
the area of the parotid duct penetrating the buccinator muscle was fully formed in 5-month-old fetuses.
this study found buccinator muscle fibers invading the parotid duct wall near its opening in 6-month-old fetuses and older.
to study and understand the aging effect , two batches of metformin hcl manufactured at different periods of time were selected.
combination with dxa is necessary , such as primary screening by qus followed by secondary screening by dxa.
methods : a retrospective review of patients who had undergone secondary rhytidectomy was performed.
in addition , an equivalent number of primary rhytidectomy patients were selected randomly.
results : this study enrolled @number@ secondary rhytidectomy patients.
the average time elapsed between their previous and last rhytidectomy was @number@ years.
using a grading scale of @number@ to @number@ the average smas thickness was @number@ for the primary and @number@ for the secondary rhytidectomy patients.
the average skin resection was @number@ mm for the primary and @number@ mm for the secondary rhytidectomy patients.
the complications for secondary rhytidectomy included one hematoma and one hypertrophic postauricular scar.
the follow-up period ranged from @number@ months to @number@ years.
all secondary rhytidectomy patients expressed satisfaction with their overall aesthetic result.
conclusions : secondary rhytidectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the aging face.
the smas of older patients appears to be thinner and more delicate and therefore must be handled with care.
additionally , skin resection is significantly reduced compared with that for primary rhytidectomy patients.
in recent decades the population of both elderly men and women has grown substantially worldwide.
aging is associated with a number of pathologies involving various organs including the skeleton.
age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis put the elderly population at an increased risk for fractures and morbidity.
fortunately , in parallel our understanding of this malady has also grown substantially in recent years.
a number of clinical as well as translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with an understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition.
it also briefly outlines recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow as well as the periphery.
this study examines the perceptions and treatment of older native american adults in colonial new england ( 1620-1783 ) .
this study examines how english colonists and indians viewed and treated older native american adults in part of northeastern north america.
a cross sectional survey , consisting of @number@ questions including the 26-item whoqol-bref and the 24-item whoqol-old was administered to @number@ participants.
participants ranged in age from @number@ to @number@ with a mean age of @number@
while only @percent@ were found to live alone , @percent@ stated that they felt abandoned to some degree.
increasing age is associated with reduced bone mineral content and increased risk of fractures.
this is caused by a relative insufficiency of osteoblasts compared with osteoclasts.
cultures of hobs were obtained from @number@ elderly ( 73-85 years ) and @number@ young ( 21-27 years ) healthy individuals.
the cells were stimulated with hgh , igf-i , hgh + igf-i , and tgf-β1.
proliferation was evaluated by thymidine incorporation , and differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase , opg , and pinp production.
expression of il-6 , tgf-β1 , opg , and rankl was investigated using real-time pcr and three carefully selected housekeeping genes.
in conclusion , hobs from elderly individuals express more il-6 mrna and less opg and tgf-β1 mrna than hobs from young individuals.
here , we identified androgen-responsive mirnas by the short rna sequencing analysis in lncap prostate cancer cells.
cand1 knockdown by small interfering rna promoted the proliferation of lncap cells.
our study indicates the potential contribution of mir-148a to the growth of human prostate cancer.
due to the aging population , the number of elderly patients taking advantage of healthcare services is increasing.
a general physical decline of all organ systems and a high frequency of chronic disease accompanying aging.comorbidity and polypharmacy are therefore common in the elderly.
hence , the administration of general anesthesia to the elderly can be a very challenging task.
this paper aims to highlight some of the important issues presented to the elderly undergoing surgery and to suggest some strategies for management.
high pth levels have been reported in patients with chronic heart failure ( chf ) .
similarly , its levels increase with aging and are related to impaired survival in elderly adults.
however , its relationship with neuroendocrine activation and endothelial dysfunction in chf has not been previously studied.
seventy-three chf males with new york heart association ( nyha ) classes ii and iii and @number@ control subjects aged ≥ @number@ yr were recruited.
endothelial function ( brachial flow mediated dilation ) , echocardiography , physical performance , and quality of life were assessed , as well.
background : over the past decade injectable hyaluronan ( ha ) formulations have been widely used to decrease the visibility of skin aging.
however , little basic research has been performed to address their effect on dermal skin fibroblasts.
methods : the effect of a non-cross-linked ha on proliferation , migration and gene expression of human dermal fibroblasts was determined.
furthermore , affinity histochemistry of pericellular ha was performed.
results : proliferation was significantly stimulated by ha whereas migration was not affected.
importantly , exogenous ha was incorporated into fine ha filaments of the pericellular fibroblast matrix.
the prevalence of mci increased with age and was higher in men.
the prevalence was also higher in subjects who never married and in subjects with an apoe epsilon3epsilon4 or epsilon4epsilon4 genotype.
mci prevalence decreased with increasing number of years of education ( p for linear trend < 0.0001 ) .
the higher prevalence of mci in men may suggest that women transition from normal cognition directly to dementia at a later age but more abruptly.
one reason for the mixed results could be the presence of interaction effects with other ad risk factors.
increasing evidence indicates that testosterone may play a significant role in the development of ad.
the aim of the present study was to examine the potential interaction of testosterone and apoe genotype with respect to hippocampal volume in middle age.
methods : participants were men from the vietnam era twin study of aging ( n = @number@ ) .
the mean age was @number@ years ( range 51-59 ) .
between-group comparisons were performed utilizing a hierarchical linear mixed model that adjusted for the nonindependence of twin data.
results : a significant interaction was observed between testosterone and apoe genotype ( epsilon4-negative vs epsilon4-positive ) .
however , individuals with low testosterone and epsilon4-negative status had significantly larger hippocampal volumes relative to all other groups.
a main effect of apoe genotype on hippocampal volume was observed , but only when the apoe-by-testosterone interaction was present.
furthermore , these results allude to potential gene-gene interactions between apoe and either androgen receptor polymorphisms or genes associated with testosterone production.
protein and lipid oxidation-mainly by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species ( mtros ) -was proposed as a crucial determinant of health and lifespan.
ang ii also stimulates mtros production , which depresses mitochondrial energy metabolism.
in rodents , renin-angiotensin system blockade ( ras blockade ) increases survival and prevents age-associated changes.
ras blockade reduces mtros and enhances mitochondrial content and function.
this suggests that ang ii contributes to the ageing process by prompting mitochondrial dysfunction.
since ang ii is a pleiotropic peptide , the age-protecting effects of ras blockade are expected to involve a variety of other mechanisms.
a number of these overlapping effects involve changes in mitochondrial function.
in cr , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ( ppars ) seem to contribute to age-retardation partly by regulating mitochondrial function.
ras inhibition up-regulates ppars ; therefore , it is feasible that ppar modulation is pivotal for mitochondrial protection by ras blockade during rodent ageing.
other potential mechanisms that may underlie ras blockade's mitochondrial benefits are tgf-β down-regulation and up-regulation of klotho and sirtuins.
genetic and environmental factors responsible for numerous neurodegenerative diseases vary between disorders , yet age remains a universal risk factor.
however , recent findings suggest that the assembly of disease proteins into tightly ordered aggregates can significantly delay proteotoxic onset.
furthermore , manipulation of metabolic pathways through key signaling components extends lifespan , bolsters proteostasis networks , and delays the onset of proteotoxicity.
thus , understanding the relationship between proteostasis and aging has provided important insights into neurodegeneration.
moreover , due to their influence on fertility , both genes may be part of the longevity-fertility trade-off mechanism.
this investigation examines the association of esr1 ( pvuii and xbai ) and cyp19 ( rs4646 ) polymorphisms with longevity.
a sample of @number@ individuals ( mean age = @number@ ± @number@ years ) was recruited in @number@
based on mortality data collected in @number@ the sample was divided into two groups of participants surviving more than @number@ years or not.
anaphylaxis is the most severe type of food allergy.
factors of risk are advanced age , cardiopathy , asthma , mastocytosis.
besides , exercise potentiates the relative risk of drug consumption.
main sites of interference may be endothelium and gut epithelium.
preventive measures excluding the intake of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before the meals can be recommended for food allergic and food sensitized adults.
treatment of hypertension can address to other families of drugs than ace inhibitors ( acei ) and beta blockers.
the benefit-risk ratio of beta blockers and acei has to be carefully considered in the case of cardiopathy. double dagger.
therefore , combination therapeutic strategies might be more effective than a single strategy for promoting functional recovery after sci.
conclusions : the combination therapy of ngr vaccine and nsc transplantation exhibited significant advantages over any single therapy alone in this study.
it may represent a potential new therapy for sci.
currently , our understanding of the role of phlpp1α in the central nervous system is limited.
in this study , we characterized phlpp protein expression and target kinases in the adult hippocampus.
we directly verify phlpp1α inhibits akt in hippocampal neurons and demonstrate a novel role for phlpp1β / scop , to promote akt activation.
phlpp1α expression changes dramatically in the hippocampus during development , constituting the most abundant phlpp protein in adult neurons.
further , while all phlpp proteins could be observed in the cytosolic fraction , only phlpp1α could be localized to the nucleus.
dysglycemia has been coined to define the prediabetic state.
it defines high glucose levels below the diabetes \ "cut-offs. \ "
the negative effects of dysglycemia , leading to cardiovascular complications , are amplified during aging.
despite this knowledge , treatment of dysglycemia in old subjects is usually overlooked by clinical practice.
this article deals with a new theory regarding an intensive therapeutic approach targeting aged people.
in addition , metabolic memory determines a durable effect of hypoglycemic treatment that is much longer than the period of therapy.
background : this study assessed the relationship between and risk factors for microvascular complications of diabetes in an urban south indian type @number@ diabetes population.
four-field stereo retinal color photography was done , and diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) was classified according to the early treatment dr study grading system.
neuropathy was diagnosed if the vibratory perception threshold of the big toe using biothesiometry was ≥ @date@ .
among the @number@ subjects with gradable fundus photographs , @number@ individuals who had information on all test parameters were included.
eighteen subjects had all three microvascular complications of diabetes.
objective : prolonged human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( hiv-1 ) infection leads to neurological debilitation , including motor dysfunction and frank dementia.
although pharmacological control of hiv infection is now possible , hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) remain intractable.
results : low concentrations of epo + igf-i provided neuroprotection from gp120 in vitro in a synergistic fashion.
in vivo , epo + igf-i treatment prevented gp120-mediated neuronal loss , but did not alter microgliosis or astrocytosis.
these results indicate that the peptides affected their cognate signaling pathways within the brain parenchyma.
this combination peptide therapy should therefore be tested in humans with hand.
by investigating the biology of much simpler model organisms , it is often possible to answer questions that are unreachable at the clinical level.
the respective strengths and limitations of each species relative to mitochondrial studies are explored.
in addition , an overview is provided of major discoveries made in mitochondrial biology in each of these four model systems.
while environmental factors have been evoked to explain this conundrum , the nature of these environmental factors remains unexplained.
the availability of and demands for energy constitute one of the most important aspects of the environment.
the mitochondrial genome encompasses hundreds of nuclear dna ( ndna ) -encoded genes plus @number@ mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) -encoded genes.
although the mtdna has a high mutation rate , only milder , potentially adaptive mutations are introduced into the population through female oocytes.
in contrast , ndna-encoded bioenergetic genes have a low mutation rate.
phosphorylation , acetylaton , and cellular redox state also regulate most signal transduction pathways and activities of multiple transcription factors.
the most common genomic changes that interface with the environment and cause complex disease must , therefore , be mitochondrial and epigenomic in origin.
it has been known for over half a century that all organisms have the ability to restore genomic integrity through dna repair.
dna repair not only plays a pivotal role in suppressing mutagenesis but also in the reversal of signals inducing the stress response.
if repair is faulty or the cell is overwhelmed by damage , chances are that the cell will despair and be removed by apoptosis.
this final fate is determined by intricate cellular dosimeters that are yet to be fully understood.
here , key findings leading to our current view of ddr are discussed as well as potential areas of importance for future studies.
how accurate are children when dating very long-term memories ?
parents provided verification of children's memories and age estimates.
older children showed a greater tendency to telescope earlier memories and a weaker tendency to reverse telescope later memories than did younger children.
euro-canadian children showed larger reverse telescoping than chinese children.
these are the first systematic findings concerning the accuracy of children's dating of very long-term memories.
they shed new light on the phenomenon of telescoping and have implications for research on childhood amnesia.
design : prospective cohort study.
measurements : during a @number@ year follow-up , women were contacted by telephone every @number@ months to investigate the occurrence of falls.
to minimize the memory bias , the specific questionnaire on falls was completed only if the fall took place in the week preceding the contact.
a multiple correspondence analysis followed by clustering was carried out to identify the typology of falls.
results : @number@ women described at least one fall.
a full description of @number@ falls was obtained during the follow-up period.
in the multiple correspondence analysis the main discriminant item was outside versus inside falls.
conclusion : from frailty to hyperactivity there are different falls and fallers profiles.
assessing such fall profiles could be helpful to develop new dedicated fall prevention programs in the elderly.
background : physical performance may predict survival independently of other current predictors in non selected elderly subjects.
we determined if poor balance and decreased gait speed may predict mortality after adjustment for both baseline and follow-up confounders in well-functioning elderly women.
methods : a subgroup of participants in the epidemiology of osteoporosis ( epidos ) study ( n = @number@ ) was followed for @number@ years.
participants were community-dwelling women aged @number@ or older able to go outside home without assistance.
the baseline examination included a questionnaire and a clinical and functional examination.
participants were contacted every year thereafter by mail.
with the aging of the world's population there has become a major need for the development of nursing homes throughout the world.
while some countries provide high quality care for the disabled elderly , in others this is not the case.
education of a medical director has been shown to improve the quality of the nursing home.
physicians need to have knowledge of how to implement continuous quality improvement and culture change.
design : two weeks randomized controlled trial.
setting : geriatric department of teaching hospital.
nutritional and inflammatory proteins and cytokines ( il-6 and tnf ) were measured at day @number@ and @number@
persistence of inflammatory condition may be an explanation despite an improvement of inflammatory status was observed in the supplemented group.
those results show clearly that energy requirements are not covered in acute hospitalized elderly people.
the fact that not only energy intake but also ree are decreased brings a new insight on catabolic situations.
our current knowledge on the causes of sarcopenia is still fragmentary.
a beneficial anabolic action of okg has been demonstrate in several pathological conditions associated with muscle loss.
therefore , okg may be of a potential interest to modulate muscle protein metabolism and to maintain muscle mass during aging.
impact survey participants were recruited via the internet in equal numbers from @number@ european countries-france , germany , italy , spain and the united kingdom.
these results strongly indicate that physicians and caregivers are ready and waiting to become more involved in clinical research.
these opinions were generally consistent across the @number@ countries for each respondent group.
a notable exception was physician respondents from italy , where most generalists and specialists actually favoured screening.
overall , generalists had a more positive attitude towards screening than specialists.
the most frequently cited reason given by those who did not favour routine screening at age @number@ was screening inaccuracy.
this article discusses these results in relation to what screening is , when to screen and the barriers to screening.
their attitudes , perceptions and understanding regarding ad were captured in the impact survey , a 30-minute web-based questionnaire.
most payors felt that ad was underdiagnosed and undertreated in their country ( @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ) .
cost savings were seen as the most important factor regarding policy decisions.
physician respondents comprised @number@ generalists and @number@ specialists from @number@ european countries france , germany , italy , spain , and the united kingdom.
a substantial majority of generalists were either general practitioners or family physicians ; the majority of specialists were neurologists.
specialists claimed that they diagnose patients with ad themselves in @percent@ of cases versus @percent@ for generalists ( p < @number@ ) .
the main prescription treatment options employed were ad-specific medication ( @percent@ ) and medication for mood or behaviour ( @percent@ ) .
a similar percentage of generalists and specialists ( @percent@ and @percent@ ) initiate drug treatment within @number@ month of diagnosis.
in this article , we compare and contrast the attitudes and opinions of these populations in an attempt to define specific themes.
this was an internet-based questionnaire study , which sought to determine the opinion and perception of responders on issues relating to ageing and dementia.
there were additional questions for caregivers on the impact of caregiving on their life.
the survey highlighted the difficulty of diagnosing dementia , especially in the initial stages of the disease.
the average time from first noticing symptoms to diagnosis varied from @number@ to @number@ weeks.
this study occurs roughly @number@ years after a similar survey , and provides a timely update.
methods : three hundred and six volunteers for zincage project recruited.
the sample was made up of healthy older adults living in the marche region aged @number@ and over.
all elderly were given a complete medical , anthropometric assessment , and psycho-social evaluation.
in both sexes , bmi significantly decreased with age ( p < 0.001 ) .
bmi was positively associated with performing sedentary activities ( r = 0.188 ; p < 0.001 ) .
we investigated the relationship between a dominant serum age , n-carboxymethyl-lysine ( cml ) , and glucose metabolism.
there are many agents that inhibit igf1r in oncology clinical development , and in some cases , they have been associated with rapid tumor regression.
however , it is not clear by which process these targeted agents induce cancer cell death and how to predict such tumor responses.
here , we showed that igf1r antibody led to rapid cell death and tumor regression in some rhabdomyosarcoma ( rms ) cells.
mechanistic analysis revealed a rapid onset of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis , including mitochondrial depolarization , cytochrome c release and the activation of specific caspases.
further analysis showed igf1r antibody-induced hypophosphorylation of bad and activation of downstream bax.
loss of function mutations in mip have been identified in human centronuclear myopathy.
we used wild-type ( wt ) mice and mipko mice to elucidate the roles of mip in muscle function during aging.
we found mip mrna expression , mip protein levels , and mip phosphatase activity significantly decreased in old wt mice.
background : being unmarried is associated with worse health and increased mortality risk.
telomere length has emerged as a marker for biological ageing but it is unclear how telomere length relates to marital status.
objective : to examine the relationship between telomere length and marital status in a sample of middle-aged adults.
design and subjects : cross-sectional analysis among @number@ adults aged 40-64 years.
methods : telomere length was measured by pcr ( t / s ratio ) .
participants provided information on healthy lifestyle activities including smoking , alcohol use , diet , exercise , obesity as well as social support.
conclusions : these results indicate that unmarried individuals have shorter telomeres.
this relationship between marital status and telomere length is independent of presumed benefits of marriage such as social support and a healthier lifestyle.
aa was infused for the remainder of the study.
the order of inhibition was reversed in eight subjects ( group @number@ ) .
in a subgroup of five subjects , we inhibited no and pg synthesis before aa administration.
the average amplitude of the rectified submentalis muscle emg signal was then obtained for all 1-s mini epochs of rem sleep.
all msa patients showed ai < 0.8.
background : most of the literature on pathology of essential tremor ( et ) has reported no consistent abnormalities.
some recent studies however indicate that cerebellar purkinje cell ( pc ) loss is the pathological basis of et in most patients.
objective : to compare cerebellar pc loss in et , with normal and tremor dominant parkinson's disease [ pd ] control brains.
methods : cerebellar pc counts were performed in seven et , six pd and two normal control brains.
three different counting methods - sectioned through nucleolus , through nucleus and through any part of pc body , were used to count the pc.
results : there were individual differences in the pc counts both in the et and the pd cases.
in all three subgroups , there was a reduction in the number of pc with advancing age.
there was no association between the degree of pc loss and the severity or the duration of et.
conclusion : our study militates against the hypothesis that pc loss is pathognomonic of et.
background : the growing trend for women to postpone childbearing has resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of trisomic pregnancies.
despite the importance to human reproductive health , the events precipitating female age-related meiotic errors are poorly understood.
conclusions : the data indicate that cohesin declines gradually during the long prophase arrest that precedes mi in female mammals.
cohesin loss may be amplified by a concomitant decline in the levels of the centromeric cohesin protector sgo2.
these findings indicate that cohesin is a key molecular link between female aging and chromosome missegregation during mi.
along the normal aging process , voice tends to become weak , breathy , and loses projection , which may interfere in the communication process.
one reliable way to evaluate voice quality is through acoustical analysis using , for instance , the long-term average spectrum ( ltas ) .
the aim of this study was to identify acoustic measures , particularly ltas's , which characterize vocal aging in women without vocal complaints.
for this purpose , @number@ elderly and @number@ young women were included in this study.
all spoke standard portuguese and none had a history of vocal and laryngeal alterations or respiratory diseases.
there were significant differences between young and old voices for sff and l ( eq ) in both levels.
iron overload may contribute to the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the synergy factor was @number@ ( @number@.4-6.9 ; @number@ ) in subjects with the apoeε4 allele.
we found another interaction , between hfe 63hh and tf -2aa , markedly modified by age.
both interactions were found mainly or only in northern europeans.
we therefore suggest that iron overload may be a causative factor in the development of ad.
treatment for iron overload might thus be protective in some cases.
unipolar depression is associated with dysfunctions in similar cognitive domains deficits that impact the functioning and quality of life of these patients.
the effect of age on frontal lobe related cognitive functions of depressed patients , however , has not been adequately studied.
recruitment of unmedicated patients minimized the confounding effect of psychiatric medications.
cognition was assessed using the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery ( cantab ) .
results : the depressed patients had deficits in cognitive planning / organization , working memory , and sustained attention compared to the healthy controls.
aging was associated with a decrease in frontal lobe related functioning.
except for working memory , no significant interactions were found between the age groups and the study group ( depressed / healthy ) .
conclusions : depressed patients are impaired in most domains of frontal lobe related cognitive functions.
these deficits are already evident at an early age and persist in older age cohorts ( despite an overall age related decline ) .
mammalian oocytes are long-lived cells in the human body.
this enzyme is ubiquitously expressed , with highest levels in the brain and pancreas.
its cellular trafficking is tightly controlled as it recycles between endosomes and trans-golgi network.
bace expression increases in response to aging and various stress stimuli.
bace is considered as a rational drug target for ad therapy , and inhibitors are under development.
a full understanding of bace biology in health and disease is needed to establish a safe ad therapy based on bace inhibitors.
temporal discounting ( td ) matures with age , alongside other markers of increased impulse control , and coherent , self-regulated behaviour.
discounting paradigms quantify the ability to refrain from preference of immediate rewards , in favour of delayed , larger rewards.
as such , they measure temporal foresight and the ability to delay gratification , functions that develop slowly into adulthood.
we investigated the neural maturation that accompanies the previously observed age-related behavioural changes in discounting , from early adolescence into mid-adulthood.
we used functional magnetic resonance imaging of a hypothetical discounting task with monetary rewards delayed in the week to year range.
adult obesity is associated with blunted luteinizing hormone ( lh ) pulse amplitude that is partially attributable to increased lh clearance rate.
testosterone appears to have a biphasic effect on gonadotropin production in females.
moderate elevations of testosterone appear to stimulate lh production at both the hypothalamic and pituitary level , while very high levels of testosterone suppress lh.
thus , obesity per se appears to suppress gonadotropin production , and moderate hyperandrogenemia in women appears to stimulate lh.
lh elevation seems to be secondary to hyperandrogenemia and is absent in the most obese cases.
overweight early pubertal girls have significant blunting of sleep-related lh production , which is the first hormonal change of puberty.
experience-dependent alterations in the human brain's white-matter microstructure occur in early adulthood , but it is unknown whether such plasticity extends throughout life.
control groups were assessed at pre- and post-test.
training affected several dti metrics and increased the area of the anterior part of the corpus callosum.
these alterations were of similar magnitude in younger and older adults.
mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed to be an important hallmark of aging and cancer.
mitochondrial dysfunction elicited by somatic mutations in mtdna could induce apoptosis in aging cells and some cancer cells with severe mtdna mutations.
these patterning abnormalities include irregularities at the gray-white matter boundary and may implicate early neurodevelopmental events such as migration in altering cortical organization in asd.
the present study utilized a novel method to quantify the gray-white matter boundary in eight asd and eight typically developing control subjects.
several studies have analyzed modulation of gene expression during physiological ageing with interesting , but often contradictory results , depending on the model used.
therefore , we aim to examine the association between genetic variants in promoter of atm and longevity in chinese nonagenarians / centenarians.
genotyping was performed in @number@ long-lived individuals ( llis ) and @number@ ethnically matched control subjects.
meanwhile , the snp was able to affect expression of atm mrna by differentially binding to ap-2α.
the cc genotype strongly bound to ap-2α , and the tt genotype showed less binding affinity to ap-2α.
the ap-2α strongly repressed the reporter expression in the cc genotype and showed less repression of the tt genotype driving expression in vitro assay.
we found that the presence of extracellular catalase protected cultured neuronal cells , such as ht22 , sh-sy5y and pc12 cells , from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity.
extracellular hydrogen peroxide ( h₂o₂ ) accumulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in ht22 cells during prolonged exposure to glutamate.
to investigate the involvement of nadph oxidase in glutamate-induced h₂o₂ generation , we used small interference rna ( sirna ) .
furthermore , h₂o₂ accumulation was also suppressed by u0126 , a mek / erk inhibitor , in a concentration-dependent manner.
these results suggest that glutamate triggers the nox-dependent generation of extracellular h₂o₂ via erk1 / 2 activation , which contributes to oxidative glutamate toxicity.
around the world , there is an increasing need for more efficiency in healthcare alongside cost containment.
internal medicine physicians are in a pivotal position in this regard.
in many countries , they act as bridges between ambulatory / continuity of care systems and hospital-based intensive care and sophisticated therapies.
within the medical field , they often bridge gaps between many specialities increasingly required to provide modern medical care.
while some skills are natural and acquired through practice , other skills would benefit from insights from the fields of management.
asthma in older people is common and is characterised by underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
ageing is associated with unique issues that modify expression , recognition , and treatment of the disease.
in particular , asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) both overlap and converge in older people.
this concurrence , together with absence of precise diagnostic methods , makes diagnosis complex.
a multidimensional assessment that addresses airway problems , comorbidities , risk factors , and management skills will draw attention to key needs for intervention.
it has known that the glycosylation plays an important role in the biological states , such as development , aging , and diseases.
versatile glycoblotting nanoparticles for high-throughput protein glycomics.
chem.
eur.
high-throughput protein glycomics : combined use of chemoselective glycoblotting and maldi-tof / tof mass spectrometry.
angew.
chem.
int.
ed.44 , 91-96 ] .
blotglycoabc ( tm ) , an integrated glycoblotting technique for rapid and large scale clinical glycomics.
mol.
cell.
proteomics7 , 370-377 ] .
threshold in stage-specific embryonic glycotypes uncovered by a full portrait of dynamic n-glycan expression during cell differentiation.
mol.
cell.
proteomics9 , 523-537 ] .
background : with aging there is an increase in frailty and chronic disease leading to a potential increase in medication use.
most clinical trials have excluded old , frail individuals and have failed to take into account the effects of outcome interaction.
conclusion : these findings question the validity of single disease guidelines in old persons or in persons with multiple chronic diseases.
lamin-a / c is a common molecular factor , and methods are presented for its knockdown and measurement.
climate change is an important issue for australia.
climate change research forecasts that australia will experience accelerated warming due to anthrogenic activities.
australia's aging society will face special challenges that demand current attention.
results : there were @number@ @number@ hospitalisations and @number@ fall-related trauma presentations.
fifteen articles met our review criteria.
these magnitudes of effect are comparable to those observed in efficacy trials of some antihypertensive drugs.
although bp control was the primary outcome of these studies , some included secondary outcomes such as healthcare utilization and cost.
evidence of the benefits of bp telemonitoring on these secondary outcomes is less robust.
compliance with bp telemonitoring among patients was favorable , but compliance among participating healthcare providers was not well documented.
listeners achieved high levels of performance for all but the shortest stimuli , indicating that they were able to access vowel cues throughout the syllable.
onh listeners performed similarly to ynh listeners for most stimuli , but performed more poorly for the shortest co stimuli.
sc and co stimuli were equally effective in supporting vowel identification except when acoustic information was limited to @number@ ms.
study objectives : to identify associations between sleep-disordered breathing ( sdb ) and arterial stiffness.
setting : nested cross-sectional study.
participants : one hundred fifty-three participants ( ages 45-77 years , @percent@ women ) in the population-based wisconsin sleep cohort.
eighty-three had sdb and were not using continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
interventions : measurement of aortic pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) by arterial tonometry.
nocturnal polysomnography.
measurements and results : sdb was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ( ahi ) > or = @number@ events / hour of sleep.
conclusions : adverse effects of nocturnal oxygen desaturation on pwv are seen among normotensive individuals and are amplified with aging.
integrated assessment of sdb is necessary to characterize its effects on arterial stiffness.
mammalian sirtuins are located in cytoplasm , nucleus as well as mitochondria.
life span-prolonging effects have also been observed in yeast cells , nematodes and flies upon the overexpression of sirtuin-1.
although sirtuins appeared as a janus-faced enzymes selective modulators of their activity could be helpful in treatment of several age-related diseases.
each structure was broken into two parts , a high iron content region and a low iron content region.
results : both magnitude and phase data showed an increase in putative iron content with age.
furthermore , significant increase in iron uptake as a function of age was found past the age of @number@
conclusion : a two region of interest analysis of iron is a much more sensitive means to evaluate iron content change over time.
the nonresurfaced epidermis helps tissue to heal rapidly , with short-term postoperative erythema.
the treatments included resurfacing of the full face , periocular upper lip , and residual acne scars.
the patients had skin prototypes @number@ to @number@ and wrinkle degrees @number@ to @number@
the histologic effects , efficacy , and treatment safety in various clinical conditions and for different phototypes are discussed.
the co ( @number@ ) laser for fractional treatment is used in super-pulse mode.
the beam is split by a lens into several microbeams , and super-pulse repetition is limited by the pulse width.
the laser needs a power adaptation to meet the set fluence per microbeam.
low , medium , and high settings are preprogrammed in the device , and they indicate the strength of resurfacing.
a single treatment was given with the patient under topical anesthesia.
however , the anesthesia was injected on areas of scar tissue.
once epithelialization was achieved , antipigment and sun protection agents were recommended.
evaluations were performed @number@ days and @number@ months after treatment by both patients and clinicians.
the results evaluated by clinicians were very much in correlation with those of patients.
immediately after treatment , vaporization was produced by stacked pulses , with clear ablation and collateral heat coagulation.
an increased number of random pulses removed more epidermis , and with denser pulses per area , a thermal deposit was noted histologically.
at @number@ months , a thicker , multicelluar epidermis and an evident increase in collagen were observed.
new trends in reproductive medicine have influenced the evaluation of andrological patients in recent years.
even loss of ejaculated spermatozoa does not necessarily exclude paternity since testicular sperm extraction has been established in men with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia.
the most important new aspect in andrology is the publication of the world health organization laboratory manual for semen analysis in @number@
dramatic changes concerning sperm motility and morphology must now be considered for the interpretation of standard semen parameters.
background : aging is associated with progressive loss of muscle strength.
muscle tissue is vascularized by an elaborate vascular network.
there is evidence that blood pressure ( bp ) is associated with muscle function in middle age.
it is unknown how bp associates with muscle function in oldest old people.
we studied the association between bp and handgrip strength in middle and old age.
method : bp was measured automatically in middle-aged subjects and with a mercury sphygmomanometer in the oldest old.
handgrip strength was measured with a handgrip strength dynamometer.
prospective data were available for oldest old subjects only with a 4-year follow-up at @number@ years.
the association between bp and handgrip strength was analyzed by linear regression analysis.
results : in middle-aged subjects , bp and handgrip strength were not statistically significantly associated.
conclusion : in oldest old , higher bp is associated with better muscle strength.
further study is necessary to investigate whether bp is a potential modifiable risk factor for prevention of age-associated decline in muscle strength.
conversely , akt induces rapid downregulation of mir-199a-5p to effect upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α hif-1α and sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) .
this suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate mirnas ' processing and / or stability to induce the rapid fluctuation in their levels.
in support , a growing number of studies are showing specific posttranscriptional regulation of mirnas.
in this article we present our views regarding cell signaling via mirnas.
objectives : weight change in older adults affects physical function ( pf ) .
however , data suggest that , conversely , pf may be a determinant of weight change.
multivariable logistic regression models separately assessed the relationships between baseline pf and 2-year wl and wg ≥ @percent@.
conclusions : low baseline pf was an independent common predictor of 2-year wl and wg ≥ @percent@ in the healthy well-functioning community-dwelling elderly population.
whether pf is an early cause or marker of weight change in this population remains to be determined.
background : identification of gene variants that contribute to exceptional survival may provide critical biologic information that informs optimal health across the life span.
results : the five most dominant pcs accounted for @percent@ of underlying trait variance.
pc2 consisted of measures of good metabolic and cardiovascular function with an estimated heritability of @percent@.
pc3 was made up of cognitive measures ( h ( @number@ ) = @percent@ ) .
pc4 and pc5 contained measures of blood pressure and cholesterol , respectively ( h ( @number@ ) = @percent@ and @percent@ ) .
elderly patients may represent an important group when considering new stroke treatments , particularly in developing countries.
our results support the administration of intravenous rtpa in selected elderly stroke patients presenting early to the hospital in developing countries.
background : the higher risk of women developing autoimmune diseases suggests that immune system is mediated by sex steroids.
objective : to review the effects of aging and menopause in immune system.
methods : a systematic review of in vitro , animal and human studies involving aging and menopause and immune system was carried out.
an electronic search based on internet search engines , medline ( @date@ @number@ ) and the cochrane controlled clinical trials register was done.
results : after crossing-cleaning the reference lists , a total of @number@ studies dealing with immune system and menopause were identified.
of them , @number@ were considered selectable.
the concept of immunosenescence reflects changes in both cellular and serological immune responses throughout the process of generating specific response to foreign antigens.
this may be related with a higher incidence of infectious and chronic diseases.
furthermore , recent studies point out changes in immune response related to use or cessation of hormone replacement at menopause.
unprecedented population aging in poorer settings is coinciding with the rapid spread of obesity and other chronic conditions.
these conditions predict disability and poor self-rated health and often are more prevalent in women than men.
obesity strongly predicted gross mobility ( gm ) disability , and the number of chronic conditions strongly predicted all outcomes , especially in women.
we recommend conducting longitudinal cohort studies to explore interventions that may mitigate adult obesity and chronic conditions among poor , rural older adults.
such interventions also may reduce gender gaps in later-life disability and self-rated health.
after years of linear gains in the genetic dissection of human disease we are now in a period of exponential discovery.
this is particularly apparent for complex disease.
here we detail how one can expand on this success and systematically identify genetic risks that lead or predispose to disease using next-generation sequencing.
geneticists have had for many years a protocol to identify mendelian disease.
a similar set of tools is now available for the identification of rare moderate-risk loci and common low-risk variants.
lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the united states.
surgical resection with a lobectomy is the standard treatment for stage i non-small cell lung cancer.
with an aging population , however , there are a significant number of patients who have other comorbidities that preclude surgical resection.
image-guided radiofrequency ablation is a new emerging modality of treatment which may be applicable in this high-risk group of patients.
a compromised muscle function due to aging , sarcopenia and reduced level of physical activity can lead to metabolic complications and chronic diseases.
endurance exercise counters these diseases by inducing beneficial adaptations whose molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
we have investigated the transcriptomic changes following mild-intensity endurance training in skeletal muscle of elderly men.
physiological and transcriptomic changes were analyzed before and after training.
lt training decreased percentage body fat and fasting levels of plasma glucose , while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase levels.
high-affinity na ( + ) -dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter ( nadc3 ) can transport krebs cycle intermediates into cells.
our previous study has shown that nadc3 promotes cellular senescence , but its mechanism is not clear.
it is known that when the concentration of intermediates in krebs cycle is increased , nad ( + ) / nadh ratio will be decreased.
nad ( + ) -dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin1 ( sirt1 ) prolongs mammalian cellular lifespan.
therefore , we propose that nadc3 accelerates cellular aging by inhibiting sirt1.
meanwhile , the level of sirt1 activity was down-regulated.
in wi38 / hnadc3 cells treated with the activators of sirt1 , aging-related phenotypes induced by nadc3 were obviously improved.
the nad ( + ) / nadh ratio in wi38 / hnadc3 cells was also decreased.
further study found that enhanced intracellular nad ( + ) level could attenuate the aging phenotypes induced by nadc3.
thus , nadc3 promotes cellular senescence probably by inhibiting nad ( + ) -dependent sirt1.
epidemiological studies show a close relationship between physical activity and cognition.
considering these positive effects , we argue that a decline in physical activity has a detrimental effect on cognition and behavior in patients with dementia.
merely living in a nursing home reduces the level of physical activity.
the level of physical activity may even be reduced to a minimum when physical restraints are applied.
the use of physical restraints coincides with stress , further aggravating the already existing neuropathology , which may increase stress and agitation even more.
exercise may reduce stress and agitation.
background : the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with hypertension significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease , type @number@ diabetes and mortality.
in subjects with hypertension @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ also had metabolic syndrome.
the largest components of costs included the management of prevalent type @number@ diabetes and incident cardiovascular events.
purpose : to evaluate age and secular changes in strength of rural zapotec adults in oaxaca between @number@ and @number@
mancova was used for comparisons by age and year.
results : grip strength and strength / height decline with age ; the slope is greater after 40-49 years.
both are significantly greater in @number@ compared to @number@ only in males 19-29 and 30-39 years and in females 30-39 years.
strength / mass is greater in @number@ than @number@ but differences are not significant in most age groups.
strength / mass declines linearly with age and rates do not differ between young and older adults of both sexes.
left grip strength / left mid-arm muscle circumference shows a pattern across age similar to strength / mass in both sexes.
conclusion : grip strength and strength per unit size declined with age.
strength and strength / height tended to increase between @number@ and @number@ while the opposite occurred for strength / weight.
results likely reflected in changes in habitual physical activity patterns associated with the transition from subsistence agriculture to less economic dependence upon agriculture.
excessive nitrosative and oxidative stress is thought to trigger cellular signaling pathways leading to neurodegenerative conditions.
such redox dysregulation can result from many cellular events , including hyperactivation of the n-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor , mitochondrial dysfunction , and cellular aging.
emerging evidence suggests that excessive no production can contribute to these pathological processes , specifically by s-nitrosylation of specific target proteins.
here , we highlight examples of s-nitrosylated proteins that regulate misfolded protein accumulation and mitochondrial dynamics.
s-nitrosylation of protein-disulfide isomerase may also be associated with mutant cu / zn superoxide dismutase toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
it was hypothesized that the elderly would demonstrate higher head angular velocities and greater step latencies than the young.
each participant experienced three perturbations under five different visual conditions designed to alter visual input and head / trunk coordination.
repeated-measures anova was used , with α set at @number@
for each test condition , the elderly consistently demonstrated longer step latencies while exhibiting higher head angular velocities.
during a postural perturbation , as head angular velocity increased , stepping responses were delayed.
abstract the immune system of an organism is an essential component of the defense mechanism aimed at combating pathogenic stress.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 1551-1585.
the discovery and characterization at the molecular level of its novel components has increased our understanding of how t-pmet regulates distinct cellular functions.
understanding these relationships may provide novel therapeutic approaches for pathologies associated with unbalanced redox state.
contact dermatitis is a significant health problem affecting the elderly.
impaired epidermal barrier function and delayed cutaneous recovery after insult enhances susceptibility to both irritants and allergens.
exposure to more numerous potential sensitizers and for greater durations influences the rate of allergic contact dermatitis in this population.
medical co-morbidities , including stasis dermatitis and venous ulcerations , further exacerbate this clinical picture.
however , while these factors tend to increase the degree of sensitization in the elderly , waning immunity can actually decrease such a propensity.
this interplay of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors makes a generalization on trends for contact dermatitis in older adults challenging.
the literature has varying reports on the overall incidence of allergic contact dermatitis with advancing age.
nevertheless , it does clearly show that sensitivity to topical medicaments increases with age.
irritant contact dermatitis studies are more consistent , with less reactivity ( to irritants ) in older compared with younger skin.
diagnosis of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis is based on a thorough history , complete skin examination , and comprehensive patch testing.
we have performed comprehensive lipid phenotyping in the leiden longevity study ( lls ) .
triglyceride levels ( decrease or per unit = @number@ p = @number@ ) , but not ldl particle size , were associated with female longevity.
superoxide anion and free radicals among kyn derivatives trigger phospholipase a2-arachidonic acid cascade associated with aampd.
ifng-inducible kyn / pteridines inflammation cascade is impacted by ifng ( @number@ ) t / a genotypes , encoding cytokine production.
telomere stability is believed to be related to aging and tumorigenesis.
besides telomerase , telomere length is also regulated by several telomere-specific binding proteins.
tankyrase @number@ a telomeric poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase ( parp ) , elongates telomere length by inhibiting trf1 binding to telomeres.
we also found that atnks had no effect on telomerase activity.
co-inhibition of tankyrase @number@ and telomerase activity may be a rational strategy for telomere-directed gastric cancer therapeutics.
however , data derived from clinical trials have reached conflicting conclusions.
to perform a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the anti-hypertensive effect of lactotripeptides assumed as nutraceuticals or functional foods.
heterogeneity , publication bias , subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.
a total of @number@ trials have been identified , the clinical data of which have been clearly reported.
vpp and ipp lactotripeptides assumed as functional foods may significantly reduce sbp particularly in asian subjects.
the relevance of this findings in other ethnicities or associated with different dietary pattern should to be further investigated.
we summarize recent developments that outline these links and hypothesize that clearing cellular damage by autophagy is a common denominator of many lifespan-extending manipulations.
eukaryotic cells use autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system as their major protein degradation pathways.
whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the rapid degradation of proteins , autophagy pathways can selectively remove protein aggregates and damaged or excess organelles.
proteasome-mediated degradation requires previous ubiquitylation of the cargo , which is then recognized by ubiquitin receptors directing it to 26s proteasomes.
recent evidence also suggests active crosstalk between proteasome-mediated degradation and selective autophagy.
background and aims : postal questionnaires are widely used in health research to provide measurable outcomes in areas such as quality of life.
participants who fail to return postal questionnaires can introduce non-response bias.
previous studies within populations over the age of @number@ years have shown that response rates amongst older people can be @percent@ or less.
the current study sought to investigate whether envelope colour affected response rates in a study about the effectiveness of screening older women for osteoporosis.
methods : a total of @number@ eligible female participants aged between @number@ and @number@ were sent an invitation pack from their gp practice.
the invitation was either in a brown or white envelope and contained a matching pre-paid reply envelope.
a study questionnaire was also sent out in brown or white envelopes @number@ week after consenting to participate in the trial.
results : the overall response rate was @percent@.
similarly , there was no influence of envelope colour on the number of participants returning their questionnaires ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.60-1.63 ) .
conclusion : this study found no evidence to suggest envelope colour has an effect on response to participate in a trial or questionnaire returns.
there is weak evidence to suggest envelope colour may affect consent into a trial.
age-related macular disease ( amd ) accounts for more than @percent@ of blind registration in western society.
until recently , there was no therapy available by which the course of the disorder could be modified.
potential targets for treatment are described , and possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.
vision research has often led to significant advances in our understanding of biology.
anti-vegf therapy for age-related macular degeneration was named as one of the top ten science advancements of the year @number@
the articles in this review series outline current developments in vision research and highlight its continued importance in ophthalmology and medicine.
they performed the test three times with 1-min intervals ( one trial was @number@ sec ) .
results : the errors in controlled force exertion tended to increase constantly with age in both sexes.
significant linear regressions were identified , but there was no significant difference in the rate of increase in both sexes.
methods : two large families with multiple affected members were recruited.
haplotypes were constructed , and two-point lod scores were calculated.
to document age-severity relationships , retroillumination photographs were acquired from members of both families.
results : parametric linkage and haplotype analysis mapped both families to fcd2 with significant two-point lod scores.
a total of @number@ guttae were counted in @number@ persons from both families.
similarly , fcd2-linked families display an exponential trend in severity with age , as was observed in a family linked to fcd1.
finally , comparison of fcd1 and fcd2 exponential models suggested that the fcd1 phenotype is significantly more severe ( p = @number@ ) .
these data suggest that this approach might have sufficient resolution to discriminate between discrete genetic fcd backgrounds , which will potentially aid in patient management.
migration of cecs across the rpe was determined using fluorescence microscopy.
vegf₁₈₉ was also upregulated in human rpe challenged with peroxide , hypoxia , or cultured in contact with cecs.
cec migration across rpe was greater after rpe exposure to peroxide to induce vegf₁₈₉ ; vegfr2 and rac1 activities were also increased in these cecs.
inhibition of rac1 activity significantly inhibited cec transmigration without affecting pi-3k activity.
conclusions : rpe-derived cell-associated vegf₁₈₉ facilitates cec transmigration by rac1 activation independently of pi-3k signaling and may have importance in the development of neovascular amd.
the objective of this study is to determine the relationship between common dementia-associated pathologies and mid- to late-life nsaid exposure.
cumulative standard daily doses ( sdd ) of nonselective nsaids were determined from ≥10 years of computerized pharmacy dispensing data.
analyses were adjusted for selection bias to broaden generalizability of results to @number@ eligible participants in the act cohort.
conclusions : increased neuritic plaque accumulation may explain the association between heavy use of nonselective nsaids and increased risk of dementia among act participants.
objectives : to investigate the population impact on functional disability of chronic conditions individually and in combination.
functional disability was measured using activity of daily living ( adl ) and instrumental activity of daily living ( iadl ) .
there was variation in magnitude and ranking of population attributable risk ( par ) by age , sex and definition of disability.
all chronic conditions taken simultaneously accounted for about @percent@ of the adl-related disability and almost @percent@ of the iadl-related disability.
conclusions : in community-dwelling older adults , foot problems , arthritis , cognitive impairment , heart problems and vision were the major determinants of disability.
context : optimal treatment to postpone functional decline in patients with dementia is not established.
objective : to test a nonpharmacologic intervention realigning environmental demands with patient capabilities.
control group caregivers received @number@ telephone calls and educational materials.
results : of @number@ dyads screened , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were eligible and @number@ ( @percent@ ) randomized.
data were collected from @number@ dyads ( @percent@ ) at @number@ months and @number@ ( @percent@ ) at @number@ months.
@number@ ) .
conclusion : among community-living dyads , a nonpharmacologic biobehavioral environmental intervention compared with control resulted in better outcomes for cope dyads at @number@ months.
although no group differences were observed at @number@ months for patients , cope caregivers perceived greater benefits.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00259454.
action integration is the process through which actions performed on a stimulus and perceptual aspects of the stimulus become bound as a unitary object.
although the decline should lead to reduced action integration in older adults , we found equivalent integration in both young and older adults.
objective : to determine age-related association of her-2 / neu expression with histological and immunohistochemical prognostic markers in female breast carcinoma.
study design : cross sectional , observational study.
place and duration of study : department of histopathology , armed forces institute of pathology , rawalpindi , from @date@ to @date@ .
infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the pre-dominant subtype in all the age groups.
her-2 / neu showed association with er in the all the age groups while pr only showed association in the peri-menopausal and postmenopausal women.
conclusion : majority ( @percent@ ) patients were under @number@ years as against the western epidemiology.
the msp master file contains claims reported for every provincially insured medical service and supplementary health benefit including chiropractic visits.
results indicating that low and moderate income and advancing age predict more frequent chiropractic service are novel.
regulatory t cells ( treg ) are a sub-population of t cells that suppress self-reactivity and are implicated in immune tolerance towards malignant cells.
circulating treg cells are increased in several cancers.
this relationship disappeared , however , when only data from post-menopausal women were included in the analysis.
it also improves bone mineral density at numerous sites and both increases markers of bone formation and decreases markers of bone resorption.
strontium ranelate is administered orally as a suspension and is generally well tolerated.
overall , the clinical data available suggest that strontium ranelate is an effective and generally well tolerated option for the first-line treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
however , only a few studies have evaluated this problem in elderly brazilians.
pddis were analysed using a computerized program and categorized according to level of severity , onset , mechanism and documentation in the literature.
the stata software statistical package was used for data analysis , and logistic regression was conducted to determine whether variables were associated with pddis.
conclusions : approximately one-quarter of the elderly population living in sao paulo could be taking two or more potentially interacting medicines.
polypharmacy predisposes elderly individuals to pddis.
educational initiatives are needed to avoid unnecessary risks.
objective : to estimate the prevalence of pidps and the association with adverse outcomes in nh residents.
a thorough evaluation of residents ' drug use , medical diagnoses and healthcare resource utilization was performed.
a pidp was defined according to the most recent update of the beers criteria.
residents with a higher number of pidps had a higher likelihood of being hospitalized.
risk of pidp was positively associated with the total number of drugs and diseases , but negatively with age.
conclusions : pidp is a significant problem among italian nh residents.
there is an urgent need for intervention trials to test strategies to reduce inappropriate drug use and its associated adverse health outcomes.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the hand is highly prevalent in us senior citizens , developing in > 50% of individuals aged > 60 years.
hormonal , genetic and inflammatory mechanisms are known to increase the risk of hand oa and influence the course of the disease.
however , the underlying processes in the development of hand oa are not well understood , and there is no known disease-modifying drug.
likewise , surgical interventions for affected hand joints have not proven as successful as joint replacement for the knee or hip.
current treatment of hand oa focuses on reducing pain and improving patient function to improve quality of life.
intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid have also shown modest symptomatic efficacy with generally good tolerability.
two proposed disease-modifying therapies , chondroitin sulfate and hydroxychloroquine , have had unclear effects on disease modification in clinical trials.
this review of pharmacotherapies for the treatment of hand oa focuses on their efficacy and safety in elderly patients.
articles cited herein were identified via a search of pubmed from @date@ to @date@ .
the bibliographies of articles identified through this search were searched manually for additional references of interest.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and vascular dementia ( vad ) are the most common causes of dementia in the elderly.
md represents a very common pathology , especially in the elderly , as reported in neuropathological studies.
accurate diagnosis of md is of crucial significance for epidemiological purposes and for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
cholinesterase inhibitors have reproducible beneficial effects on cognitive and functional outcomes in patients with md.
these benefits are of a similar magnitude to those previously reported for the treatment of ad.
treatment of cardiovascular risk factors , especially hypertension , may protect brain function and should be included in prevention strategies for md.
clinical trial data indicate that current treatments for oab are generally effective and well tolerated in elderly patients.
identification and treatment of vulnerable elderly patients with oab is important , because intervention may limit functional deterioration.
additional research is needed on the potential impact of antimuscarinics on cognition in vulnerable elderly persons.
unfortunately , and despite these considerations , very few data are available on the activity and safety of metronomic chemotherapy in elderly patients.
in this paper , we model multivariate time-to-event data by composite likelihood of pairwise frailty likelihoods and marginal hazards using natural cubic splines.
both right- and interval-censored data are considered.
the effects of physical exercise on mental health have been extensively investigated , mainly in older people.
recent studies have looked into the acute effect of exercise on the brain using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( sloreta ) .
only the young group showed significant improvement in anger ( p = @number@ ) and vigor ( p = @number@ ) .
however , the elderly group did not show significant changes.
an inverse correlation was found between alpha asymmetry and stai ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) in the young group.
we conclude that acute exercise can have distinct effects on brain activity and mood variables in young individuals when compared with elderly adults.
however , additional studies are necessary to further investigate the role of exercise intensity in these results.
in this review , we summarize the current state of the efforts to design potent and selective inhibitors against ape1 ap site incision activity.
globally , cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) are the number one cause of all mortalities.
of these deaths , @number@ million are due to heart attacks , and @number@ millions are due to stroke.
using a single birth cohort , age was excluded as confounding factor.
in the baseline investigations in the danube hospital , @number@ individuals took part and were examined completely at baseline.
after @number@ months , @number@ patients were re-examined.
however , the predictive value of this assessment model was low.
the rescaled r² of the model was @number@
a significant correlation was found only between exposure to cigarette smoke or a history of previous cvds , such as stroke or myocardial infarction.
smoking or earlier cvds greatly increase the risk for further cerebral and cardiovascular events in persons after @number@ years.
we conducted a study in @number@ subjects tested in our sleep laboratory , to assess regional cbf and cognitive function in osas.
we found that apnea-hypopnea index was greater than or equal to @number@ in @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects , consistent with osas.
mean arterial oxygen saturation during sleep was correlated with cbf in all regions.
cognitive function test scores in verbal memory were positively correlated with percentage of sleep duration with less than @percent@ of oxygen saturation during sleep.
background : despite considerable efforts , a suitable vaccine against onchocerca volvulus infection has remained elusive.
the igg1 responses in the inf were high regardless of age.
the results further support the consideration of ov-cpi-2 as a leading target for an anti-l3 vaccine.
background : energy deficiency and mitochondrial failure have been recognized as a prominent , early event in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
gbe effect on oxphos was even preserved in mitochondria after isolation from treated cells.
moreover , these functional data were paralleled by an up-regulation of mitochondrial dna.
improvement of the oxphos efficiency was stronger in app cells than in control cells.
purpose : werner syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease of premature aging caused by a polymorphic c1367t mutation in the werner ( wrn ) gene.
although there are differences between the pathobiology of normal aging and the phenotype of werner syndrome , the clinical age-related changes are similar.
the aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of the c1367t ( rs1346044 ) polymorphism in patients with age-related cataract.
methods : the study group consisted of @number@ patients with senile cataract undergoing cataract extraction surgery.
data on age , sex , and medical history of microvascular disease and cancer were obtained from the medical files.
anterior lens capsule material was collected during surgery.
dna was extracted , amplified by polymerase chain reaction , and screened for the c1367t polymorphism in wrn using restriction enzymes followed by sequencing.
results : there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients of mean age @number@.3 + / -9 years.
genotypic frequencies were @percent@ for tt and @percent@ for tc.
of the patients had the cc genotype.
ten patients had a history of myocardial infarct , @number@ cerebrovascular accident , and @number@ various tumors.
the distribution of these morbidities was similar in the two genotype groups.
conclusions : the distribution of the c1367t wrn polymorphism in patients with senile cataract is similar to that in the normal population.
cataract formation in the elderly is not linked to a wrn mutation.
the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of schizophrenia and aging on performance in the cdt.
method : schizophrenic patients ( n = @number@ ) and a comparison group ( n = @number@ ) were recruited as subjects.
freedman's cdt was completed by all subjects , and the influences of disease and aging on performance in the cdt were examined.
results : there was a significant interaction of diagnosis and age , and the education significantly influenced the total score for all cdt conditions.
conclusions : this study suggests that performance on the cdt was impaired not only by disease but also by aging.
the study confirms that the cdt is sensitive enough to screen for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
objectives : to examine the association between physical activity ( pa ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) course.
background : pa has been related to lower risk for ad.
whether pa is associated with subsequent ad course has not been investigated.
results : one hundred fifty incident ad cases ( @percent@ ) died during the course of @number@ ( sd , @number@ ) years of follow-up.
additional adjustments for apolipoprotein genotype , smoking , comorbidity index , and cognitive performance did not change the associations.
pa did not affect rates of cognitive or functional decline.
conclusion : exercise may affect not only risk for ad but also subsequent disease duration : more pa is associated with prolonged survival in ad.
design : prospective , longitudinal cohort study of aging.
setting : nursing home.
at baseline , @number@ residents were diagnosed with dementia , and another @number@ developed dementia during follow-up.
thirty residents suffered from major depression at any point during the study , and @number@ residents had a history of depression.
measurements : the authors measured cognitive decline using change in mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) scores over up to @number@ months.
methods : the authors used geocoded data from the health in men study collected in western australia in @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
depression was measured using the self-rated 15-item geriatric depression scale.
geographic information systems were used to objectively measure be attributes.
univariate logistic regressions were applied to select relevant covariates.
multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine be attributes both separately and conjointly.
conclusions : the be is independently associated with depression through land-use mix , and specifically through retail availability.
although local retail facilitates walking , our findings suggest that it may increase the odds of depression in older men.
this requires further exploration but suggests the need for careful planning of retail in residential environments , particularly near housing for older adults.
this study evaluated which baseline demographic , neuropsychological , and functional variables were most strongly associated with future longitudinal decline in global cognitive function.
sixty-three percent were tested in spanish.
however , longitudinal decline in global cognition over time was primarily associated with older age and poorer everyday function at baseline.
tract-based spatial statistics was used to process dti data.
correlations between cr and wm integrity were adjusted for age , gender , memory performance and brain volumes.
however , these results were mediated by normal variability in memory function and brain volumes.
for patients with a-mci , negative associations between cr and fa were found in several major tracts , being more robust than in ad group.
conclusions : cr correlates are implemented in different anatomic wm areas in he and patients with a-mci.
the aim of this study was to determine how sex hormone levels and the ar polymorphism relate to depressive symptoms in aging men.
morning blood samples were analyzed for total and free testosterone , estradiol , and the ar cag polymorphism.
patients on hormone substitution or other medication known to influence testosterone levels were excluded.
results : the two clinical samples had significantly longer ar cag repeats and higher depression levels compared with the cs.
cagn did not correlate significantly with testosterone in the three samples.
regression analysis confirmed association of cagn with depression.
conclusions : conclusions from these data must be considered to be preliminary and need to be replicated.
however , our results point to associations between the genetic ar polymorphism and vulnerability to depressive symptomatology.
background : purpose in life is thought to be associated with positive health outcomes in old age , but its association with disability is unknown.
design : participants were from the rush memory and aging project , a large longitudinal clinical-pathologic study of aging.
setting : retirement communities , senior housing facilities , and homes across the greater chicago metropolitan area.
measurements : all participants underwent baseline assessment of purpose in life and detailed annual clinical evaluations to document incident disability.
results : the mean score on the purpose in life measure at baseline was @number@ ( standard deviation = @number@ range : 2-5 ) .
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : university medical center.
participants : one hundred fifty-two normal-elderly community volunteers.
saa did not correlate with performance on tests of working memory.
objectives : depression in the elderly might represent a prodromal phase of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
high levels of plasma amyloid beta-42 ( aβ42 ) were found in prestages of ad and also in depressed patients in cross-sectional studies.
design : prospective 5-year longitudinal study.
participants : a community dwelling of older adults ( n = @number@ ) from the vienna transdanube aging study.
measurements : laboratory measurements , cognitive functioning , and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline , @number@ and @number@ years follow-ups.
no association was found for an interaction between plasma aβ42 levels and gds.
conclusions : higher plasma aβ42 at baseline predicted the development of first episode of lod and conversion to probable or possible ad.
design : comparison of screening tools with criterion standard diagnostic interview.
setting : a community-based aging services agency.
participants : three hundred seventy-eight adults aged @number@ years or older undergoing in-home aging services care management assessments.
measurements : subjects were administered the phq-9 and structured clinical interview for dsm-iv-tr- fourth edition.
results : using a cut score of @number@ the sensitivity of the phq-2 was @number@ and the specificity was @number@
the area under the roc curve ( auc ) for the phq-2 was @number@
using a cut score of @number@ the sensitivity and specificity of the phq-9 were @number@ and @number@
the auc was @number@
the sensitivity and specificity of the two-stage phq- @date@ were @number@ and @number@ respectively , and the auc was @number@
the phq- @date@ performed equally well as the phq-9 , but would be more efficient for the agency to administer.
methods : the schizophrenia group consisted of @number@ community-dwelling persons aged @number@ years and older who developed schizophrenia before the age of @number@ years.
a community comparison group ( n = @number@ ) was recruited using randomly selected block groups.
the three objective criteria proposed by rowe and kahn were operationalized using a six-item summed score.
the association of @number@ predictor variables with the successful aging score in the schizophrenia group was examined.
nineteen percent of the community group met all six criteria on the successful aging score versus @percent@ of the schizophrenia group.
conclusion : older adults with schizophrenia rarely achieve successful aging and do so much less commonly than their age peers.
only two significant variables were associated with successful aging neither of which are easily remediable.
the elements that comprise the components of successful aging , especially physical health , may be better targets for intervention.
design : a 12-week randomized clinical trial.
research assistants were unaware of the participants ' randomization status.
assessments were conducted at baseline , @number@ weeks , and @number@ weeks.
setting : weill-cornell advanced center for interventions and services research.
intervention : path is a home-delivered intervention designed to reduce depression and disability in depressed , cognitively impaired , disabled elders.
path is based on problem-solving therapy and integrates environmental adaptation and caregiver participation.
path is consistent with lawton's ecologic model of adaptive functioning in aging.
measurements : depression and disability were measured with hamilton depression rating scale-24 items and sheehan disability scale , respectively.
client satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction with treatment.
results : mixed-effects model analyses revealed that path was more efficacious than st in reducing depression and disability at @number@ weeks.
participants in both treatment groups were satisfied with treatment.
conclusions : this preliminary study suggests that path is well accepted and efficacious in depressed elders with major depression , cognitive impairment , and disability.
conclusion : different methods of measuring and adjusting for comorbidity are not equivalent , and dementia amplifies the discrepancies.
a significant gap exists between organ supply and demand in the world.
marginal donors have been accepted as organ donors in recent years.
on the other hand , aging recipients and recipients with complications have increased.
this symposium was organized to discuss marginal donors and high risk recipients.
we believe that this discussion will help increase the number of cadaveric kidney transplantations and improve the treatment outcome.
surgical treatment of proximal femoral fracture is one of the most common surgeries for orthopaedic surgeon.
recent improvements of implant and surgical technique brought the change of postoperative physical therapy , shortened hospital stay and increased patient's activity.
for intra-articular femoral neck fracture , internal fixation or artificial arthroplasty is applied depending on displacement of fracture site.
any type of surgery should be done as fast as possible after fracture as long as general condition of the patient is preserved.
these surgical treatments for proximal femoral fracture will be required more than ever in response to acceleration of aging society in japan.
bone strength is determined not only by bmd , but also by many other bone quality relating factors such as bone structure etc..
hip fractures are the most serious fragile fractures , considering that controlling their risk factors will successfully prevent these fractures.
recently hip structure ( strength ) analyses have become available during standard dxa measurements.
bending strength and stability of the bone can be determined by their obtained parameters such as section modulus , cross sectional area and buckling ratio.
these parameters shift towards fragile by aging , especially remarkably reduce after @number@ years.
it has been reported that both anti-resorptive agents and anabolic pth increase bone strength in different manner.
further progressed @number@ dimensional femoral neck strength analysis using ct scanning are now under development.
endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is reduced with advancing age in humans , as evidenced by blunted vasodilator responsiveness to acetylcholine ( ach ) .
therefore , we tested the hypothesis that atp-mediated vasodilatation is impaired with age in healthy humans.
developmental neuroimaging results have suggested a progression in focalization in functional activations from childhood to adulthood.
the mechanisms underlying this process are thought to be an age-related decrease in activation extent as well as an increased magnitude in task-related areas.
the present study aimed to evaluate these notions while controlling for confounders that may bias towards focalization.
we used adolescent subjects in small age ranges.
activation patterns of 13- , 17- and 21-year-old males were compared during the decision phase of a challenging and complex gambling paradigm.
the bold amplitude enhanced with increasing age , modulated by task conditions.
first , response amplitude during difficult , endogenous relative to exogenous decisions increased with age.
this decision difficulty effect was most pronounced in 21-year-olds , both in areas associated with task execution and default mode areas.
second , deciding to pass as opposed to gamble exerted more effort in inferior frontal and parietal areas only by 13- and 17-year-olds.
there was neither an age-related decrease in activation extent , nor any qualitative shifts in activated areas as suggested by the focalization hypothesis.
introduction : elderly men may suffer from late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) .
the long-term effects of long-acting testosterone undecanoate ( tu ) in a large number of loh men have not yet been reported.
aims. we analyzed the effects of normalization of plasma testosterone ( t ) in loh men.
the mean duration of treatment was @number@ weeks ( @number@ to @number@ weeks ) .
further the aging male symptoms ' scale ( ams ) and the international index of erectile function ( iief-5 and @number@ ) were scored.
the mean iief-5 ( p = 0.011 ) and iief-15 scores ( p = 0.021 ) improved significantly.
erectile function domain , orgasmic function domain , sexual desire domain , intercourse satisfaction domain , and overall satisfaction domain improved.
on biopsy there was no evidence for malignancy.
the mean hematocrit level increased significantly from @number@.3±3.4% to @number@.1±3.8%.
conclusions : normalizing serum t in men with loh resulted in improvement of the metabolic syndrome , mood and sexual functions and appeared acceptably safe.
previously , we identified ldlr isoforms that lacked exon @number@ or exons 11-12 and that are predicted to encode soluble , dominant negative , ldlr.
moreover , these isoforms were associated with rs688 , an exon @number@ polymorphism that was associated with ldl-cholesterol and alzheimer's disease risk.
in this study , we present evidence that although the truncated ldlr isoforms are translated in vitro , they represent < @percent@ of csf proteins.
additionally , of the nine evolutionarily conserved putative splicing enhancer regions within exon @number@ two regions that flank rs688 were critical to exon @number@ inclusion.
with ageing , loxl expression decreases , thus participating in the loss of skin elasticity.
moreover , the clinical evaluation evidenced significant improvements in ' skin elasticity ' compared to placebo.
a majority of subjects treated with the dill extract also noted significant improvements in skin elasticity , firmness and slackness of the jaw line.
it also highlights the relevance of using the bio-tribometer as an exploratory tool for the measurement of skin elasticity in vitro.
twin studies indicate substantial inherited components in cognitive abilities.
based on reaction time data of @number@ caucasians participating in different cognitive tasks , slower responses characterized the group with the 7-repeat allele.
this effect was present in both sexes and was not because of fatigue.
other studied dopaminergic polymorphisms did not show an association with reaction time.
aim : studies indicate that women born small for gestational age ( sga ) have impaired ovarian function.
the origin of this ovarian dysfunction is still debatable.
the aim of this study was to compare ovarian ageing between girls born appropriate for gestational age ( aga ) and sga.
early follicular fsh , lh , oestradiol ( e2 ) and amh levels were measured.
results : mean follicular phase lh , fsh , e2 and amh levels did not significantly differ between young women born sga and aga.
furthermore , the response to endogenous gnrh showed no significant differences either.
conclusions : we concluded against extension of this pilot study.
based on our observations it seems unlikely that limited ovarian reserve is a predominated problem in adolescent sga.
perceptual decision-making performance depends on several cognitive and neural processes.
these theoretical processes are then related to individual differences in brain activation by means of multiple regression.
these associations were not significantly modified by adult age or perceptual expertise.
data comparing clinical-grade msc from various ages of donors are scant.
we hypothesized that msc from older donors may display differences in cellular fitness when expanded for clinical use.
results did not differ between these groups.
the normal neonatal canine brain exhibits marked differences from that of the mature brain.
we characterized these developmental changes on common mri sequences and identified clinically useful milestones of transition.
to accomplish this , @number@ normal dogs underwent mri of the brain at various times after birth from @number@ to @number@ weeks.
the images were assessed subjectively for gray and white matter relative signal intensity and results correlated with histologic findings.
trends in death rates , prevalence of chronic conditions , risk factors , vaccinations , health care utilization , and expenditures are summarized.
major differences in these indicators are described for older men and women and by age , race , and hispanic origin.
results : the difference in life expectancy between older men and women has narrowed since @number@ but a gap remains.
although health status has improved for all racial and ethnic groups , racial and ethnic disparities remain for many indicators.
older men and women have similar rates of hospital admissions and visits to emergency departments and physician offices.
the cost of health care in the united states continues to increase as an aging population places increasing demands on institutions providing health care.
moreover , despite increases in the complexity and cost of health care , reimbursement for some services has been reduced or denied.
we describe an answer to the challenge that combines @number@ emerging treatment models in an academic setting : hospital-based physicians and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
in radiological oa analysis , the lane scale was employed in the lumbar region and the kellgren-lawrence scale in the knee joint.
comparison of groups @number@ and @number@ revealed no difference in radiological oa in the lumbar region and knee joint.
conclusion : our study has shown that there is no relationship between these diseases that increased with age.
however , extensive studies examining pathogenic mechanisms are needed ( tab.
@number@ ref. @number@ ) .
eradication therapy consisted of @number@ mg lansoprazole plus @number@ mg amoxicillin and @number@ mg clarithromycin twice daily for @number@ d.
all of the patients underwent a 13c urea breath test at least @number@ mo after the completion of eradication therapy.
the current study investigated the independent factors associated with successful h. pylori eradication using a multiple logistic regression analysis.
results : the overall success rate in the patients was @percent@.
conclusion : h. pylori-positive elderly patients should undergo eradication therapy.
in addition , it is necessary to improve h. pylori eradication therapy in younger patients.
aim : to characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) according to age and gender.
methods : an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven patients suffering from nash.
biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the patients at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records.
the grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist.
patients were divided into two groups according to age ( below and above @number@ years ) .
mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to brunt scoring values.
multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female patients ( p = @number@ ) .
thioflavine s staining and nissl staining were used to characterize deposition of aβ aggregates and neuronal degeneration in the transgenic animals , respectively.
adults often miss a disturbingly high percentage of rare targets in visual arrays.
the mechanisms underlying this effect remain hotly debated.
this study examines the effects of developing motor control on the speed and accuracy of visual search.
children detected targets that appeared rarely or frequently.
participants reported a target's presence or absence by either pressing a key or marking on recording sheets.
the results replicated past reports of increased errors with reduced target prevalence in adults.
a potential developmental trend in performance is linked to a measure of motor function.
when the pressure to respond quickly was removed , search accuracy greatly improved for rare targets.
a developmental account for the perceptual-motor mechanisms of prevalence effect is discussed.
@number@ 50 : 24-32 ) .
the previously measured ( @number@ ) h nmr spectra were re-analyzed using lcmodel with the asc spectrum included in the basis set.
the sensitivity of asc quantification was sufficiently high to detect regional and developmental changes in asc concentration.
at p10 and older postnatal ages , an inhomogeneous distribution of asc among brain regions was detected.
the medical records of @number@ consecutive cancer patients starting chemotherapy from @date@ up to @date@ were identified.
patients with a positive history of vte were excluded.
the primary outcome was incidental vte.
the incidence on ct scans was @percent@ ( 95%ci : @number@.44-0.74 ) .
incidental vte included @number@ pulmonary embolism , @number@ deep venous thrombosis of the extremities , and @number@ thromboses of the cava or splanchnic veins.
half of the incidental vte occurred in the first 3-6 months of chemotherapy with a relatively higher incidence in gynecological and lung cancers.
the presence of metastases , high leukocyte count , and platin-based chemotherapy increased the risk up to three-fold.
all patients with incidental vte regardless the location received half to full therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for a minimum of three months.
in summary , incidental vte is a relative common finding in patients with solid tumours , especially in the first months of chemotherapy.
further research is needed to understand the natural history of incidental thrombosis in order to develop adequate management guidelines.
we therefore performed a stringent comparative investigation of impacts of these tdp-43 modifications on neural integrity in vivo.
background : the enthesis , which attaches the tendon to the bone , naturally disappears with aging , thus limiting joint mobility.
surgery is frequently needed but the clinical outcome is often poor due to the decreased natural healing capacity of the elderly.
methodology : the achilles ' tendon was cut and the enthesis destroyed.
the healing rate was determined macroscopically @number@ @number@ and @number@ days later.
the biomechanical load required to rupture the bone-tendon junction was determined.
principal findings : the spontaneous healing rate in the g1 control group was @percent@ , close to those observed in humans.
a new enthesis was clearly produced in cell-injected g2 and g3 rats , but not in the controls.
only the msc-injected g3 rats had an organized enthesis with columnar chondrocytes as in a native enthesis @number@ days after surgery.
conclusions : cell therapy is an efficient procedure for reconstructing degenerative entheses.
msc treatment produced better organ regeneration than chondrocyte treatment.
the morphological and biomechanical properties were similar to those of a native enthesis.
background : epigenetic features such as dna hypomethylation have been associated with conditions related to cardiovascular risk.
we evaluated whether lower blood dna methylation in heavily methylated repetitive sequences predicts the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke.
total mortality was also increased ( @number@ [ @number@.2-3.3 ] ) .
these results were confirmed in additional regression models using line-1 methylation as a continuous variable.
conclusions : subjects with prevalent ihd and stroke exhibited lower line-1 methylation.
in longitudinal analyses , persons with lower line-1 methylation were at higher risk for incident ischemic heart disease and stroke , and for total mortality.
influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population each year.
the often subtle clinical manifestations in the frail geriatric patients may not be recognized initially , impeding timely administration of antiviral treatment.
the effectiveness of current influenza vaccines in the elderly population is often diminished by immune senescence.
its validity was calculated using generalizability theory , which enables different sources of error affecting a behavioral measurement to be analyzed jointly.
objective : to assess whether the risk of incidence of alzheimer disease ( ad ) varies over time.
the increase in numbers of people at the oldest ages in the population will bring an increase in the number of people with ad.
projections of the size of the increase assume the risk of ad is constant.
from the approximately @number@ participants , stratified random samples were selected for detailed clinical evaluation.
the evaluations for disease were structured and uniform across time.
these analyses include @number@ subjects evaluated for incident disease from @number@ through @number@
results : ad developed in @number@ participants.
the time variable ( in years ) was not significant ( odds ratio = @number@ @percent@ confidence interval = @number@ to @number@ ) .
chromosomal alterations are a feature of both aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
pcd in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined in sporadic ad patients and gender and age-matched unaffected controls.
metaphase nuclei were analyzed for chromosomes showing pcd , x chromosomes with pcd ( pcd , x ) , and acrocentric chromosomes showing pcd.
background : there are few studies on the long-term associations of physical activity ( pa ) to cognition.
here , we examine the association of midlife pa to late-life cognitive function and dementia.
the interval between the midlife ascertainment of pa and late-life cognitive function was @number@ years.
there were @number@ nondemented participants and @number@ ( @percent@ ) with a diagnosis of dementia , with complete data for the analysis.
conclusion : midlife pa may contribute to maintenance of cognitive function and may reduce or delay the risk of late-life dementia.
previous neuroimaging and behavioral studies demonstrated structural and functional changes in the motor system across childhood.
however , it is unclear what functionally relevant electrocortical processes underlie developmental differences in motor planning and control during multijoint , goal-directed movements.
the current study characterized age-related differences in electrocortical processes during the performance of discrete aiming movements in children and adults.
age-related differences were evident in the electroencephalographic ( eeg ) signals.
first , young children exhibited less movement-related activity in task-relevant motor areas compared with adults ( movement-related cortical potentials ) .
at the behavioral level , young children made slower and jerkier movements , with less consistent directional planning compared with older children and adults.
significant correlations were also found between eeg and movement kinematic measures.
to explore this issue , studies with repeat measurements of height are required , but , to date , such data have been lacking.
objective : to examine the possible relationship between height loss and future chd.
results : a mean follow-up of @number@ years after the second height measurement gave rise to @number@ chd events in men and @number@ in women.
conclusions : reverse causality due to shrinkage may contribute to the inverse association between a single measurement of height and later chd in other studies.
while many nutrition screening tools have been developed , few have been evaluated for use in older adults in the community setting.
further research into the acceptability of screening tools focusing on the outcomes of nutrition screening and appropriate nutrition intervention are required.
the process of cancer development consists of three sequential stages termed initiation , promotion , and progression.
oxidative stress damages dna and introduces mutations into oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes , thus contributing to cancer development.
cancer chemoprevention is defined to prevent or delay the development of cancer by the use of natural or synthetic substances.
in the present study , we synthesized a series of organoselenium compounds and evaluated their possible chemopreventive properties in human prostate cancer lncap cells.
translocation of nrf2 to the nucleus preceded ho-1 protein induction by two compounds.
the intracellular ros level was strongly reduced immediately after treatment with these compounds , showing that they are potent antioxidants.
finally , both compounds inhibited cell growth via cell cycle arrest.
thus , these compounds possess the potential as pharmacological agents for chemoprevention of human prostate cancer.
many degenerative disease processes associated with aging result from enhanced extracellular matrix ( ecm ) breakdown.
concomitant with aberrant matrix destruction are alterations in levels of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generating and detoxification systems.
ros function as second messengers due to their ability to react with wide range of biomolecules resulting in modification of an array of signaling networks.
ros can activate upstream kinases ( mkk ) responsible for mapk activation and restrict the activity of their inhibitory phosphatases.
here we focus on the redox-sensitive signaling components that control the expression of mmp-1 , which is largely responsible for maintaining ecm homeostasis.
numerous disease processes are associated with shifts in steady state ros levels that influence overall ecm degradation.
the purpose of the present study was to examine these relationships in a group of community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults.
importantly , after controlling for age , diffusion measures predicted cognitive function in a region-specific way that was also influenced by ε4 status.
taken together , age and temporal lobe adc accounted for a striking @percent@ of the variance in memory scores within the ε4 carrier group.
the results provide further evidence that apoe ε4 has a significant impact on the trajectory of age-related cognitive functioning in older adults.
methods : this is a longitudinal study of @number@ randomly selected subjects ( mean @number@ years , range 51-80 , @percent@ women ) .
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25- ( oh ) d ] was assessed by radioimmunoassay at baseline and @number@ years later.
baseline serum level of leptin was assessed by radioimmunoassay and interleukin ( il ) -6 by a chemiluminescent immunoassay in the first @number@ subjects.
all associations were independent of season and sun exposure.
aim : to investigate whether aox could improve the protection provided by a broad-spectrum sunscreen ( ss ) preparation.
methods : volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar-simulated ( ss ) uvr at @number@ times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days.
erythema and pigmentation were measured using a mexameter.
biopsy specimens were taken @number@ h after the last irradiation.
the thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy.
results : aox alone did not reduce erythema.
there was a significant reduction in pigmentation , and the product almost completely protected against lc depletion.
aox plus ss gave better protection against pigment formation and ck5 / 6 induction than ss alone.
aox alone protected against ssuvr-induced hyperproliferation , as shown by epidermal thickness and ck16 biomarkers , and was better than ss alone.
patients and methods : a cohort of patients with rcc was identified restrospectively , with an age range of 35-84 years.
vascular properties were compared between patients above and below @number@ years of age.
patients with ccrcc who were more than @number@ years old showed significantly higher mvd than their younger ( < @number@ years ) counterparts.
conclusions : the results of the present study suggest that age influences the structural and molecular properties of the tumour vasculature in ccrcc.
we postulate that vascular ageing could also be relevant in the context of anti-angiogenic therapy.
an outbreak of measles in another region of new zealand prompted our organization to review the measles immunity of healthcare workers.
some studies suggest that age-specific immunity cannot be assumed.
mixed-model analyses were used to separately examine the effects of practice and age on test performance.
cognitive impairment in schizophrenia may combine with cognitive decline associated with normal aging to reduce practice effects in older patients.
objective : longitudinal comparisons of neurocognitive functioning often reveal stability or age-related increases in performance among adults under about @number@ years of age.
the current research investigated the role of practice effects in longitudinal comparisons on the discrepancy.
results : increased age was associated with significantly more negative longitudinal changes with each ability.
all of the estimated practice effects were positive , but they varied in magnitude across neurocognitive abilities and as a function of age.
after adjusting for practice effects the longitudinal changes were less positive at younger ages and slightly less negative at older ages.
these results suggest that the neurobiological substrates of neurocognitive functioning may change across different periods in adulthood.
next , using standard regression-based moderator and mediator analyses , we systematically tested whether the identified covariates would significantly alter observed t2d-cognition relationships.
results : six potential covariates were found to be sensitive to t2d associations with performance on seven cognitive measures.
three factors ( systolic blood pressure , gait-balance composite , subjective health ) were significant mediators.
each mediated multiple cognitive outcomes , especially measures of neurocognitive speed , executive functioning , and episodic memory.
conclusions : our findings offer a relatively comprehensive perspective of t2d-related cognitive deficits , comorbidities , and modulating influences.
the implications for future research reach across several fields of study and application.
sleep in older adults with alzheimer's disease can often be extremely fragmented , thus disturbing normal sleep-wake rhythms.
this poor-quality sleep is challenging for caregivers and frequently results in admitting older adults to long-term care institutions.
many variables , such as genes , medications , depression , and environmental factors , influence sleep in persons with alzheimer's disease.
in both age groups , the learning curves ( latent time vs. trial number ) were qualitatively similar in shape.
the overall shape of the learning curve depended on the relative share of fast vs. slow phases of latent time reduction.
comparing subgroups with different shapes of learning curves showed a difference in the directed functional connectivity in those subgroups.
the results are discussed with a particular focus on the role of working memory retaining the internal representations of sequences being learned.
for liquidators the type of reaction in the form of increase in lp values at the majority of stimulus in both experimental situations.
the analysis of regional lp changes of component p300 has found out the maximum distinctions between groups in frontal area of the left hemisphere.
it can testify about decreasing of attention and memory reserves and to promote disorder of the higher mental functions.
the authors examined the association between birth month and longevity for major league baseball players.
players born in the month of november had the greatest longevities whereas those born in june had the shortest life spans.
these differences remained after controlling for covariates such as birth year , career length , age at debut , height , and player position.
community-dwelling women aged 70-80 years were randomly recruited using the electoral roll for a 2-year protein intervention study in western australia.
dietary intake was assessed at baseline by a 3-day weighed food record and analysed for energy , calcium and other nutrients.
a total of @number@ women were included in the analysis.
mean energy intake was @number@ ± @number@ kj / day and protein provided @number@ ± @percent@ of energy.
mean dietary calcium intake was @number@ ± @number@ mg / day , which is below australian recommendations.
less than one quarter of women reported taking calcium supplements and only @percent@ reported taking vitamin d supplements.
the results of this study indicate that the majority of elderly women were not meeting their calcium requirements from diet alone.
however , emerging data indicates that high velocity prt ( fast concentric muscle contractions ) is more effective for improving functional outcomes than traditional prt.
in terms of falls prevention , high-challenging balance training programs appear to be most effective.
there is also compelling evidence that supplemental vitamin d is an effective therapeutic option for falls prevention.
the greatest cause of fracture in older people is osteoporosis which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in older people.
slt-vegf is a recombinant cytotoxin comprised of shiga-like toxin ( slt ) subunit a fused to human vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) .
despite selective depletion of vegfr-2 overexpressing endothelial cells from the tumor vasculature , slt-vegf treatment did not affect tumor growth.
we hypothesize that slt-vegf could be a promising adjuvant therapy to inhibit or prevent outgrowth of metastatic foci after excision of aggressive primary melanoma lesions.
two studies examined the ability of the life script account to explain the reminiscence bump for emotionally charged autobiographical memories among malaysian participants.
in study @number@ volunteers , aged 50-90 years , participated in a two-phased task.
two weeks later the participants retrieved the same set of events from their lives and reported how old they were when those events occurred.
in the second study @number@ undergraduate students produced life scripts for the same @number@ events.
a reminiscence bump was also noted for success , although this was later in the lifespan than other reminiscence bumps.
the demographic and epidemiologic transition resulting from aging and the increase of life expectation means an increment related to chronic conditions.
epithelial cancers of the elderly are caused by a combination of telomere dysfunction and the mutational invalidation of major tumor suppressors including p53.
physical stiffening of the large arteries is the central paradigm of vascular aging.
this article presents a review of the structural determinants of vascular stiffening , its pathophysiologic determinants and its implications for vascular research and medicine.
a critical discussion of new techniques for assessing vascular stiffness is also presented.
the transition from fetal to adult beta-like globin expression is a key step in the maturation of the red blood cell lineage.
background : because creatinine is an unreliable variable describing kidney function , the search for a new and sensitive marker of kidney function is underway.
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( ngal ) has been recently proven useful in the quantitation of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
serum ngal , cystatin c , creatinine , and egfr were evaluated in all patients.
serum ngal could be a sensitive marker of kidney function , particularly in elderly patients.
background and aims : the hypothesis of increased cardiovascular risk contributing to chronic dizziness has been discussed controversially so far.
methods : a cross-sectional three-group comparison of @number@ patients ( 65 + ) presenting at family medicine surgeries in germany was performed.
results : in univariate analysis , systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the dizziness groups.
the overall cardiovascular risk was not increased in dizzy patients.
anxiety was strongly associated with dizziness , whereas other associations were of marginal importance.
comparing all dizzy patients with the non-dizzy group , lower systolic blood pressure was also significantly associated with dizziness.
conclusions : results from our sample suggest that low systolic blood pressure is more important for dizziness in older patients than increased cardiovascular risk.
acute-onset and long-term dizzy patients were comparable in many aspects , which makes this classification less clinically important.
background and aims : home-based exercise is a viable alternative for older adults with difficulties in exercise opportunities outside the home.
the aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of home-based rocking-chair training , and its effects on the physical performance of elderly women.
the cg continued their usual daily lives.
after three months , the rcg responded to a mail questionnaire.
results : after the intervention , the rcg improved and the cg declined.
adherence to the training protocol was high ( @percent@ ) .
after three months , the exercise program had become a regular home exercise habit for @percent@ of the subjects.
conclusions : results indicate that home-based elderly women benefit from this easily implemented rocking-chair exercise program.
the subjects became motivated to participate in training and continued the exercises.
this is a promising alternative exercise method for maintaining physical activity and leads to improvements in physical performance.
objective : a reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells ( epcs ) are casually associated with the cardiovascular complication of diabetes.
adiponectin exerts multiple protective effects against cardiovascular disease , independent of its insulin-sensitizing activity.
the objective of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin plays a role in modulating the bioavailability of circulating epcs and endothelial repair.
circulating number of epcs were analyzed by flow cytometry.
reendothelialization was evaluated by staining with evans blue after wire-induced carotid injury.
in epcs isolated from both human peripheral blood and mouse bone marrow , treatment with adiponectin prevented high glucose-induced premature senescence.
conclusions : adiponectin prevents epc senescence by inhibiting the ros / p38 mapk / p16 ( ink4a ) signaling cascade.
recent animal studies have reported that exercise pressor reflex ( epr ) -mediated increases in blood pressure are exaggerated in hypertensive ( htn ) rodents.
whether these findings can be extended to human hypertension remains unclear.
no group differences in metabolites were observed.
map and msna responses to a cold pressor test were not different between groups , suggesting no group differences in generalized sympathetic responsiveness.
background : basic lexical skills are hypothesised to be relatively preserved in mild dementia , but clinical studies have reported inconsistent results.
results : the post-mortem level of alzheimer's disease neuropathology was linearly related to rate of decline in word knowledge.
evidence-based therapies ( ebts ) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) are reportedly underutilized in older people.
a retrospective cross-sectional audit of hmr reports pertaining to @number@ community-dwelling older people ( > or = 65 years ) was conducted.
cvd risk factors warranting treatment with these ebts were frequently associated with use of ebts.
a pharmacist-led hmr service was significantly associated with the prescribing of all @number@ ebts.
the study also adds to the available literature on the effectiveness of pharmacists ' collaborative contribution to the care of these high-risk patients.
nesprins and emerin are structural nuclear envelope proteins that tether nuclei to the cytoskeleton.
in this work , we identified the cytoskeleton-associated α-n / e-catenins as novel nesprin-2-binding partners.
here , we show that , in addition , α-catenin forms complexes with nesprin-2 that include β-catenin and emerin.
we demonstrate that the depletion of nesprin-2 reduces both the amount of active β-catenin inside the nucleus and t-cell factor / lymphoid-enhancing factor-dependent transcription.
taken together , these findings suggest novel nesprin-2 functions in cellular signaling.
moreover , we propose that , in contrast to emerin , nesprin-2 is a positive regulator of the wnt signaling pathway.
background : the genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is not well understood.
we aimed to identify genetic risk factors for als in the finnish population.
methods : we did a genome-wide association study of finnish patients with als and control individuals by use of illumina genome-wide genotyping arrays.
dna was collected from patients who attended an als specialty clinic that receives referrals from neurologists throughout finland.
control samples were from a population-based study of elderly finnish individuals.
findings : we obtained samples from @number@ patients with als and @number@ control individuals.
we identified two association peaks that exceeded genome-wide significance.
interpretation : the chromosome 9p21 locus is a major cause of familial als in the finnish population.
our data suggest the presence of a founder mutation for chromosome 9p21-linked als.
in contrast , results for monkeys compared with humans show significant interspecies differences in cortical thickness patterns in the frontal and the inferior temporal regions.
purpose : to describe the prevalence of cataract in older people in @number@ areas of north and south india.
design : population-based , cross-sectional study.
participants : randomly sampled villages were enumerated to identify people aged ≥ @number@ years.
of @number@ enumerated people , @percent@ participated in a hospital-based ophthalmic examination.
methods : the examination included visual acuity measurement , dilatation , and anterior and posterior segment examination.
main outcome measures : age- and gender-standardized prevalence of cataract and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
any unoperated cataract was based on these criteria or ungradable dense opacities.
any cataract was defined as any unoperated or operated cataract.
bilateral aphakia / pseudophakia was slightly higher in the south ( @percent@ ) than in the north ( @percent@ ; p < 0.03 ) .
the prevalence of any cataracts was similar in north ( @percent@ ) and south india ( @percent@ ) .
the prevalence of unoperated cataract increased with age and was higher in women than men ( odds ratio [ or ] , @number@ ) .
conclusions : we found high rates of unoperated cataract in older people in north and south india.
posterior subcapsular cataract was more common than in western studies.
women had higher rates of cataract , which was not explained by differential access to surgery.
biomarkers indicating biological age are of significant interest for prevention , diagnosis and monitoring ( and the treatment ) of age-related diseases.
patients with dementia or cockayne syndrome had a higher glycoagetest level than age-matched healthy individuals.
previous electrophysiological studies revealed that human faces elicit an early visual event-related potential ( erp ) within the occipito-temporal cortex , the n170 component.
face recognition performance worsened with age.
aging induced a latency delay of the n1 component for faces and letters , as well as of the face n170 component.
contrasting with letters , ignored faces elicited larger n1 and n170 components than attended faces in both age groups.
this counterintuitive attention effect on face processing persisted when scenes replaced letters.
in contrast with young , elderly subjects failed to suppress irrelevant letters when attending faces.
aging delayed the latency of this alpha synchronization for both face and letter stimuli , and reduced its amplitude for ignored letters.
cerebral venous outflow insufficiency via the internal jugular vein ( ijv ) is associated with several neurological disorders.
the frequency of left jugular venous reflux ( jvr ) also increased with aging.
we report ijv hemodynamic parameters across a large population , which could be used as a normal reference for clinical and research purposes.
the unified biosocial theory of personality developed by cloninger has been applied in different cultures.
distribution by age and sex of the temperament and character inventory ( tci ) dimensions were assessed cross-culturally for samples in spain and the usa.
each participant was assessed by means of the tci.
findings support cloninger's theory about differences between men and women , but not regarding the intercorrelations between temperament dimensions.
human aging is associated with a reduction in appetite and food intake.
increased activity of the satiety hormone , cholecystokinin ( cck ) , may be partly responsible.
this study aimed to determine whether an increase in fat and energy intake modifies the suppressive effects of cck-8 on appetite and energy intake.
plasma cck concentrations , appetite responses and energy intake at a buffet meal were determined.
the suppression of energy intake by cck-8 infusion did not differ between the two diets.
adaptation influences perception not only of simple stimulus qualities such as motion or colour , but also of complex stimuli such as faces.
here we demonstrate contrasting aftereffects of adaptation to facial age.
these aftereffects were reduced but remained clear even when facial gender changed between adaptor and test faces.
in experiment @number@ we induced simultaneous opposite age aftereffects for female and male faces.
overall , these results demonstrate interactions in the perception of facial age and gender , and support dissociable neuronal coding of male and female faces.
twin studies have shown that longevity in humans is moderately heritable with a genetic component of 25-32%.
experimental model organisms point to the existence of core survival and anti-ageing pathways that have been conserved throughout evolution.
thus , this study presents one of the largest candidate studies in human genetic longevity research conducted to-date.
the three top-ranking markers , which are located in the genes dusp6 , nalp1 and perp , revealed p-values≤0.01 in the allelic case-control comparisons.
these studies implicate nkb and nk3r as essential elements of the human reproductive axis.
compelling evidence in the human indicates these neurons function in the hypothalamic circuitry regulating estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) secretion.
moreover , in the rat , they form a bilateral , interconnected network that projects to nk3r-expressing gnrh terminals in the median eminence.
this theory provides a compelling explanation for the occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with inactivating mutations in the tac3 or tacr3 genes.
evidence of immune stimulation has been noted in opiate dependent patients for many decades.
all of these disorders are now known to have an important immunological role in their pathogenic pathways.
the multisystem nature of these myriad changes strongly suggest that the ageing process itself is stimulated in these patients.
up to now @number@ genetic loci have been identified , each of them consisting of several single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) .
the evidence that the dmt2 is regulated by a high number of genes , demonstrate the pathogenetic complexity of this disease.
initially and after aging , marginal qualities in enamel and dentin were evaluated using replicas at 200× magnification ( sem ) .
for the in vivo part , @number@ patients received @number@ direct resin composite restorations of the same materials in a prospective clinical trial.
replicas of @number@ selected subjects per group were assessed for marginal quality under a sem at 200×.
results : in vitro , all initial results showed nearly @percent@ gap-free margins.
for tml , percentages of gap-free margins dropped to 87-90% in enamel and to 58-66% in dentin ( p < 0.05 ) .
in vivo , gap-free enamel margins were reduced from initially 86-90% to 74-80% after @number@ years of clinical service ( p < 0.05 ) .
proximally exposed dentin margins were not recordable by impressions , however , clinically no considerable problems like recurrent caries or discolorations were detected.
significance : in vitro , hydrolytic degradation supports mechanical fatigue in dentin-composite bonds over time.
in vivo , wear phenomena are superimposing marginal quality aspects.
gaps between enamel and resin composite did not play a major role.
identifying the genetic variants that contribute to these individual differences can point to biological pathways etiologically involved in psychiatric disorders.
conclusions : these findings suggest shared genetic basis underlying the continuum from personality traits to psychopathology.
background : accurate assessment of cognitive functioning is an important step in understanding how to better evaluate both clinical and cognitive competence in practicing surgeons.
results : sixty-one percent of practicing senior surgeons performed within the range of the younger surgeons on all cognitive tasks.
forty-five percent of retired senior surgeons performed within the range of the younger surgeons on all tasks.
no senior surgeon performed below the younger surgeons on all @number@ tasks.
this suggests that older age does not inevitably preclude cognitive proficiency.
accurate assessment of their intakes is important in the understanding of their individual roles in eye health.
current dietary databases lack the appropriate information to ascertain valid dietary intakes of these individual nutrients.
results were applied to dietary data from @number@ participants in nhanes 2003-2004.
lutein and zeaxanthin food contents were separated into lutein and zeaxanthin in the nutrient database.
among all age groups , both sexes , and all ethnicities , intakes of lutein were greater than of zeaxanthin.
relative intake of zeaxanthin to lutein decreased with age , with zeaxanthin to lutein ratios lower in females.
lower zeaxanthin to lutein ratios were measured in groups at risk for age-related macular degeneration ( eg , older participants , females ) .
our findings suggest that the relative intake of lutein and zeaxanthin may be important to age-related macular degeneration risk.
future studies are needed to assess the individual associations of lutein and zeaxanthin in eye health.
plasma membranes are selected by illumination with an evanescent electromagnetic field and distinguished from intracellular membranes assessed by whole-cell illumination.
while fluorescence spectra of laurdan appeared red-shifted with decreasing membrane stiffness , fluorescence anisotropy and rotational correlation times were reduced with increasing membrane fluidity.
these effects may have some clinical relevance in the research of drug resistance or cell aging.
both diseases belong to the progeroid syndromes caused by single gene mutations with premature aging.
both syndromes are very rare autosomal recessive diseases caused by a gene defect leading to deficient dna repair.
the examination included visual acuity testing , slit lamp biomicroscopy , funduscopy and performance of a schirmer test.
results : changes of the lids in the xp group included blepharitis in @number@ patients , distichiasis in @number@ and madarosis in @number@ patients.
@number@ patients had multiple lentigines solares of the lids.
one patient showed scars of the lower lids after excision of a squamous cell carcinoma and a basal cell carcinoma.
two patients had an intraepithelial melanosis of the conjunctiva , and one showed conjunctival nevi.
two patients had corneal scars and corneal vascularisation , another a significant conjunctivalisation of the cornea.
a schirmer test was feasible only in @number@ patients.
tear production was markedly reduced in all these patients.
break-up time was shortened significantly in @number@ patients examined.
the patient with the cs showed atrophy of the pupillary rim and a subcapsular cataract.
funduscopically there were pigment epithelial changes.
conclusions : patients with xp often exhibit ocular changes.
beside the light-dependent degenerative and inflammatory manifestations at the lids , the conjunctiva and the cornea patients with xp also develop malignancies early in life.
the majority of patients suffer from dry eye symptoms.
clinical assessment of older people at heightened risk of financial exploitation ( also termed social vulnerability ) is a difficult task.
there are a number of previously untested domains of personal competence which could influence social vulnerability in later life.
informants provided assessments of participants ' social functioning , personality , and social vulnerability.
general cognitive functioning and , in particular , executive functioning showed significant overlap with social vulnerability after controlling for memory and age.
social measures were also important correlates of vulnerability , indicating that both neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits may contribute to financial exploitation in later life.
an additional aim was to investigate whether declines in vision differentially affect secondary more than primary memory.
however , presentation time was also manipulated for letter matching.
visual function , as measured using standard charts , was taken into account in statistical analyses.
results : accuracy and speed for cognitive tasks were significantly impaired when visual input was degraded.
furthermore , cognitive performance was positively associated with contrast sensitivity.
presentation time did not influence cognitive performance , and visual gradation did not differentially influence primary and secondary memory.
utilizing uv , ir , nmr , and ms spectroscopic analyses , these chemical structures were revealed.
background : insulin resistance , i.e. impaired insulin sensitivity , and type @number@ diabetes are more prevalent in elderly humans.
both conditions relate to lower aerobic performance and increased body fatness , which have been linked to reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
thus , lower insulin sensitivity in the elderly could result from age-related diminished energy metabolism or from lifestyle-related abnormalities.
objective : this review addresses the question whether insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity are independently affected during aging and type @number@ diabetes.
results : humans with or at risk of type @number@ diabetes frequently exhibit insulin resistance along with structural and functional abnormalities of muscular mitochondria.
low mitochondrial oxidative capacity causes muscular fat accumulation , which impedes insulin signaling via lipid intermediates , in turn affecting oxidative capacity.
however , insulin sensitivity is not generally reduced with age , when groups are carefully matched for physical activity and body fatness.
moreover , lifestyle intervention studies revealed discordant responses of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity.
conclusions : in the elderly , low mitochondrial oxidative capacity likely results from age-related effects acquired during life span.
insulin resistance occurs independently of age mostly due to unhealthy lifestyle on top of genetic predisposition.
thus , insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function may not be causally related , but mutually amplify each other during aging.
because phytoestrogens have been associated with an improvement in metabolic parameters , we evaluated their role in men undergoing adt.
our objective was to evaluate the effects of high-dose isoflavones on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in men undergoing adt.
this was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 12-week pilot study.
the study was conducted at a tertiary care center in the united states.
thirty-three men ( isoflavones = @number@ placebo = @number@ ) undergoing adt for pca completed this pilot study.
mean age in the @number@ groups was @number@ years and the majority of men were caucasians.
mean duration of adt in both groups was approximately @number@ years ( p = @number@ ) .
the @number@ groups were well matched at baseline.
after @number@ weeks of intervention , there was no significant difference in either metabolic or inflammatory parameters between the @number@ groups.
we found that high-dose isoflavones over a course of @number@ weeks do not improve metabolic or inflammatory parameters in androgen-deprived men.
we undertook the first histological comparative evaluation between genetically confirmed hgps and the cvd of aging.
methods and results : we present structural and immunohistological analysis of cardiovascular tissues from @number@ children with hgps who died of myocardial infarction.
both had features classically associated with the atherosclerosis of aging , as well as arteriolosclerosis of small vessels.
in addition , vessels exhibited prominent adventitial fibrosis , a previously undescribed feature of hgps.
importantly , although progerin was detected at higher rates in the hgps coronary arteries , it was also present in non-hgps individuals.
conclusions : we find concordance among many aspects of cardiovascular pathology in both hgps and geriatric patients.
hgps generates a more prominent adventitial fibrosis than typical cvd.
objective : cerebral microvascular disease associated with type @number@ diabetes may exacerbate the effects of aging on cognitive function.
a general cognitive ability score ( g ) was generated by principal components analysis.
the mill-hill vocabulary scale was used to estimate premorbid cognitive ability.
dr was graded using a modification of the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy scale.
participants with moderate-to-severe retinopathy had the worst g and the worst performances on the individual tests.
there was a significant interaction between sex and retinopathy for g.
a sex interaction with stronger findings in men requires further confirmation.
presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters repeatedly , often at high frequency , and in relative isolation from neuronal cell bodies.
here , we show that maintenance of continuous presynaptic snare-complex assembly required a nonclassical chaperone activity mediated by synucleins.
specifically , α-synuclein directly bound to the snare-protein synaptobrevin-2 / vesicle-associated membrane protein @number@ ( vamp2 ) and promoted snare-complex assembly.
moreover , triple-knockout mice lacking synucleins developed age-dependent neurological impairments , exhibited decreased snare-complex assembly , and died prematurely.
thus , synucleins may function to sustain normal snare-complex assembly in a presynaptic terminal during aging.
methods : we use period analysis and modeled period analysis to disclose recent trends in survival in patients with head and neck cancer.
data are derived from the surveillance , epidemiology , and end results limited-use database.
conclusions : survival has substantially improved for head and neck cancer patients over the past decade.
the greatest improvement was seen in tonsillar and tongue cancers.
masculine gender scripts have been influential in health decision making in men.
it is also unclear if religious beliefs influence the health attitudes and behaviors of men.
finally , the interaction of masculine gender scripts within these themes was considered.
similarly , xfe progeroid syndrome results from defects in the ercc1-xpf dna repair endonuclease.
consistent with our other studies , we found evidence of elevated t-sce in telomerase-negative but not telomerase-positive backgrounds.
in telomerase-negative wrn-deficient cells , t-sce-but not g-sce-frequencies were significantly increased compared with controls.
in contrast , sce frequencies were significantly elevated in blm-deficient cells irrespective of genome location.
in ercc1-xpf-deficient cells , neither t- nor g-sce frequencies differed from controls.
a theoretical model was developed that allowed an in silico investigation into the cellular consequences of increased t-sce frequency.
premature cellular senescence may act as a powerful tumor-suppressor mechanism in telomerase-deficient cells with mutations that cause t-sce levels to rise.
furthermore , t-sce-driven premature cellular senescence may be a factor contributing to accelerated aging in werner and bloom syndromes , but not xfe progeroid syndrome.
background : cross-sectional studies have shown declines in lung function among refractory ceramic fibre ( rcf ) workers with increasing fibre exposure.
this study followed current and former workers ( n = 1396 ) for up to @number@ years and collected @number@ pulmonary function tests.
methods : cumulative fibre exposure and production years were categorised into exposure levels at five manufacturing locations.
conventional longitudinal models did not adequately partition age-related changes from other time-dependent variables.
therefore , a restricted cubic spline model was developed to account for the non-linear decline with age.
results : cumulative fibre > 60 fibre-months / cc showed a significant loss in lung function at the first test.
when results were examined longitudinally , cumulative exposure was confounded with age as workers with the highest cumulative exposure were generally older.
a longitudinal model adjusted by age groups was implemented to control for this confounding.
no consistent longitudinal loss in lung function was observed with rcf exposure.
smoking , initial weight and weight increase were significant factors.
conclusion : no consistent decline was observed longitudinally with exposure to rcf , although cross-sectional and longitudinal findings were discordant.
an innovative statistical methodology for these types of data is described.
this link may help to elucidate mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
c. elegans has been instrumental in expanding our mechanism-based knowledge of pd , and this species is emerging as a good model of obesity.
with well-established toxicity and neurogenetic assays , it is now feasible to explore the putative link between metal- and chemical-induced neurodegeneration.
environmental toxins , especially heavy metals , may prove to be a previously neglected part of the puzzle.
anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) has become the ' molecule of the moment ' in the field of reproductive endocrinology.
indeed , it is valuable as a means of increasing understanding of ovarian pathophysiology and for guiding clinical management across a broad range of conditions.
however , no normative values have been established for circulating amh in healthy women.
in this cross-sectional study , @number@ healthy females ( aged 18-50 years ) were included.
amh was measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
serum amh concentrations show a progressive decline with female ageing.
the age-related changes in amh were best fitted by a polynomial function.
mean amh concentrations were not modified by past use of oral contraceptive and were independent of parity of women.
age-specific normative values for circulating amh concentration were established.
amh concentrations seem to be independent of the reproductive history of the patient.
as the incidence of death in nursing homes increases with the aging population , the gap in measurement must be addressed.
to that end , we report the development and psychometric testing of a nursing home palliative care survey.
methods : psychometric evaluation of the instrument was completed in two phases.
phase @number@ focused on individual item analyses and subsequent revision or deletion of items , and phase @number@ evaluated evidence for reliability and validity.
data were analyzed using item-total correlations , cronbach's alpha , confirmatory factor analysis , and analysis of variance.
results : support was obtained for a 51-item pcs made up of two constructs , palliative care practice and palliative care knowledge.
both practice and knowledge are an essential foundation to providing good end-of-life care to nursing home residents.
background : hemorrhage is a major complication of thrombolytic treatment.
concerns have been raised about the risk of hemorrhage in patients having received warfarin.
therefore , different indications for thrombolytic treatment are in use for stroke patients on warfarin.
however , it remains uncertain whether the prior warfarin use actually increases their risk of bleeding in patients treated with thrombolysis.
methods : this study included @number@ consecutive patients who had high-risk cardioembolic sources and received thrombolytic treatment.
patients were treated with intravenous thrombolytic agents , or underwent intraarterial thrombolysis if their international normalized ratio ( inr ) was ≤1.7.
we compared the frequency of bleeding complications between patients with prior warfarin use and those without.
we also investigated whether there were differences in functional outcome and recanalization rates between them.
results : a prior warfarin use was present in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
our data suggest that patients with a history of prior warfarin use may be safely treated with thrombolytic agents when their inr levels are low.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : university hospital.
patient ( s ) : four hundred fifteen premenopausal women were recruited for the study.
data from @number@ patients were available for the statistical analysis.
intervention ( s ) : afc was measured by transvaginal ultrasound examination.
main outcome measure ( s ) : estimating the relationship between afc and age and developing the afc nomogram.
the afc corresponding to the 5th , 25th , 50th , 75th , and 95th centiles for each age have been calculated.
conclusion ( s ) : a linear relationship of afc to age was found.
until now , the interpretation of the measurement was mainly based on the individual experience of the operator , because no normative data were present.
therefore , the establishment of a nomogram of afc values is the first step to counsel patients on a scientific basis.
mutations in lrrk2 ( leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ) are the most common cause of familial pd ( parkinson's disease ) .
using a combination of techniques , nichols et al. have identified two residues ( ser910 and ser935 ) that are critically responsible for 14-3-3 binding.
the ability to interact with 14-3-3 correlates with the pattern of intracellular lrrk2 distribution.
diabetes is an increasing epidemic ; hyperglycemia results from lack of insulin or inadequate insulin secretion following increases in insulin resistance.
huge costs are placed upon sufferers and health providers , aggravated as serious and disabling complications develop.
thus , measures to reduce the diabetic burden are public health concerns.
vitamin d , identified ≈100 years ago , promotes calcium absorption and utilization , preventing and curing rickets & osteomalacia.
calcium is necessary for insulin secretion , suggesting vitamin d may contribute to maintaining insulin secretion.
vitamin d , formed in skin in bright sunshine , is scarce in foodstuffs.
these questions urgently require answers.
less than @percent@ of the infrared spectral range was used in the previous studies to demonstrate differences.
in this study , the remaining @percent@ of the spectral frequencies were analyzed to gain insight into changes that occur in meibum with age.
methods : infrared spectra of meibum from @number@ normal donors were acquired.
principal component analysis ( pca ) was used to quantify the variance between the spectra.
results : pca was applied to a set of training spectra of human meibum to predict the age of meibum donors.
the plot of predicted age versus actual age was linear , p < @number@ with a slope of @number@ and r = @number@
this indicates that changes in constituents of the meibum spectra ( eigenvectors ) were due to age-related compositional differences.
eigenvector @number@ accounted for @percent@ of the variance observed among all of the meibum spectra.
the environment of the carbonyl band becomes less polar with increasing age.
these results are similar to those obtained for human sebum.
conclusions : pca is an excellent chemometric algorithm that may be used to characterize mgd and age-related changes in human meibum.
the eigenvectors that define the variations in the spectra provide clues to the compositional changes that occur in meibum with age.
a study with two parts , one qualitative and one quantitative , examined this interface in norway.
the first used focus groups to assess ipp rewards , barriers , and facilitating factors among practitioners in clinical settings.
the second utilized an online survey to measure ipe attitudes , barriers , and facilitating factors among senior administrators in the educational system.
introduction : patients with late onset hypogonadism ( loh ) also suffered from lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) and loh symptoms.
a total of @number@ patients with loh have been treated with trt using @number@ mg / day of gl for @number@ months.
serum free testosterone levels ( ft ) and these four scores were compared before and after trt.
this study describes the unique supportive care needs and associated distress among older adults receiving cancer survivorship care in a community cancer center.
a secondary analysis of data was conducted using results from a survey of adult cancer survivors.
falls are a common problem among older adults that may be exacerbated by the addition of psychotropic medications.
within each drug class , some medications have lower risk of falls.
as a result , a comprehensive effort to decrease falls begins with a review of medications.
drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy are widespread due to the number of medications older adults consume.
nurses can eliminate unnecessary medications and seek safer alternatives for potentially inappropriate medications.
most drugs require lower initial dosing , slow titration , and lower maximum dosing when used with older adults.
it also addresses moral-ethical dilemmas that will likely affect mental health nurses caring for this population.
the prevailing concept is that defects in memory t-cell populations result from inexorable end-stage differentiation as a result of repeated lifelong antigenic challenge.
the rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta ) is one of the best studied species of old world monkeys.
dna sequencing of the entire rhesus macaque genome , completed in @number@ has demonstrated that humans and macaques share about @percent@ of their nucleotide sequence.
rhesus macaques have been widely used for medical research including drug testing , neurology , behavioral and cognitive science , reproduction , xenotransplantation and genetics.
this review will focus on the distribution of memory cells in the different immunologic compartments of rhesus macaques.
in addition , the strategies available to manipulate memory cells in rhesus macaques to understand their trafficking and function will be discussed.
emphasis is placed on studies of memory cells in macaques infected with siv because many studies are available.
lastly , we highlight the usefulness of the rhesus macaque model in studies related to the aging of the immune system.
the aim of this study is to determine clinical profile of amd in nepalese presenting to a teaching hospital in kathmandu.
methods : it was a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
results : amd was observed in @percent@ out of @number@ subjects of @number@ years and above age group with prevalence increasing with age.
this study revealed that the prevalence of amd in females was higher with female preponderance in ratio of @number@.5 : 1.
@number@ % amd subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6 / 246 / 60 vision and @percent@ had vision < 3 / 60-pl.
our study revealed statistically significant increased risk for amd with aging ( p = 0.00 ) .
conclusions : prevalence of amd in nepalese presenting to kathmandu medical college teaching hospital was @percent@ with female preponderance in ratio of @number@.5 : 1.
aging showed statistically significant increased risk for amd development in this study.
the cause of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is still unknown.
the aim of this study was to assess the molecular , histological , morphological and microflora alterations of gi tract in male alzheimer's transgenic mice.
the present study also investigates the effect of dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) treatment ( @number@ mg / kg ) on ad mice.
a shift in colon feces microbial community composition was observed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis.
amyloid precursor protein ( app ) expression levels in intestine significantly increased in ad mice revealing its toxicity.
dht treatment attenuated the effect caused by ad on gi morphometrics , app expression and colon micro flora population.
these results for the first time reveal the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gi tract in male alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.
we describe the physiology of aging and its effect on elderly , critically ill , surgical patients.
postoperative age-specific complications and their management will be reviewed.
the number of elderly persons , defined as those > 65 yrs of age , is the fastest growing segment of the u.s. population.
as a result , the frequency of surgery , both elective and emergent , performed on elderly patients will increase.
this inability to compensate leads to increased rates of postoperative complications and death.
aggressive , goal-directed management in the surgical intensive care unit is beneficial for the geriatric patient.
the management of the elderly , surgical , critical care patient is extremely challenging.
understanding age-related physiologic changes will help guide treatment to maximize outcome and prevent complications.
an effective algorithm for detecting pupil size based on image processing was established.
effects of addiction , sex , myopia , aging , sleep deprivation on the three features were studied.
of three features was found significant differences between sexes , myopia , sleep deprived and normal subjects.
a total of @number@ healthy males and females ( age range 15-59 years ) were included.
the t2 relaxation times of the human brain followed a u curve both globally and regionally in both white and gray matter.
ei is thought to be important for social life making it a popular subject of research.
many of the adverse effects of gcs on skin are also reminiscent of the natural aging process.
11β-hsd1 activity was present ex vivo in both species and increased with age in human skin tissue explants.
in primary human dermal fibroblasts ( hdf ) from both photoprotected and photoexposed sites , 11β-hsd1 also increased with donor age.
additionally , photoexposed hdf displayed higher 11β-hsd1 mrna expression than donor-matched photoprotected hdf.
gc treatment of hdf caused upregulation of 11β-hsd1 mrna levels independent of donor age or site.
objectives : recent research suggests that older listeners may have difficulty processing information related to the fundamental frequency ( f0 ) of voiced speech.
in this study , the focus was on the mechanisms that may underlie this reduced ability.
design : younger listeners with normal hearing and older listeners with normal to near-normal hearing completed two tasks of f0 perception.
in the first task ( steady state f0 ) , the fundamental frequency difference limen ( f0dl ) was measured adaptively for synthetic vowel stimuli.
in the second task ( time-varying f0 ) , listeners relied on variations in f0 to judge intonation of synthetic diphthongs.
conclusions : older listeners had difficulty using periodicity cues to obtain information related to talker fundamental frequency.
a similar protection was also elicited by interference with mitochondrial function , clearly suggesting involvement of energy metabolism in increased cell survival.
oxidative stress did not account for nutrient toxicity on serum-starved cells.
instead , nutrient restriction was associated with reduced activity of the mtor / s6 kinase cascade.
nmda receptors are typically excited by a combination of glutamate and glycine.
our results suggest the presence of functional nr1 / nr3 receptors in cns myelin.
in addition , we show that abeta inhibits the angiogenesis stimulated by glioma cells when cocultured with human brain microvascular cells on a matrigel layer.
context : a relation between low thyroid activity and prolonged life span in humans has been observed.
several studies have demonstrated hereditary and genetic influences on thyroid function.
design : this was a cross-sectional study.
setting : the study was conducted at a university hospital in the city of leiden , the netherlands.
participants : eight hundred fifty-nine nonagenarian siblings ( median age @number@ yr ) from @number@ long-lived families participated in the study.
there were no selection criteria on health or demographic characteristics.
intervention : blood samples were taken for determination of serum parameters of thyroid function.
humans are unique among primates in that women regularly outlive their reproductive period by decades.
however , it has yet to be demonstrated that the inclusive fitness benefits associated with grandmothering are large enough to warrant this explanation.
this is due in large part to the relatively weak selection that applies to women near or beyond the end of their reproductive period.
alterations in k ( v ) 7-mediated currents in excitable cells result in several diseased conditions.
the current produces a major impact on the resting membrane potential of basal neurons.
thus , this study provides evidence of the cellular etiology and mechanisms of sgn degeneration in dfna2.
older adults were divided into low and high falls-risk groups based on physiological profile assessment scores of sensorimotor function.
reaction time and cop-com measures significantly predicted group status in discriminant models with sensitivities and specificities of 72-100%.
this review is devoted to the links between atrial fibrillation , cognitive decline and dementia.
globally , transversal studies showed a significant association between atrial fibrillation , cognitive decline and dementia.
however , these studies are particularly sensitive to various biases.
in this context , recent longitudinal studies of higher level of evidence have been conducted to assess the link between af and dementia.
one study disclosed a high incidence of dementia among patients suffering from atrial fibrillation during a @number@ years follow-up.
similarly another study showed that atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia during a @number@ years follow-up.
numerous decision-making situations occur in the activities of daily living.
a better comprehension of the mechanisms of decision-making , and of the resulting social consequences of their dysfunction may improve autonomy of the elderly.
unfortunately , we still lack appropriate tools to explore decision-making in routine practice.
mood disorders and sleep disturbances are closely related.
in elderly people , the prevalence of insomnia and depressive symptoms is increased.
moreover , somatic co-morbidities associated with aging are known to be risk factors for both insomnia and depression.
assessment of the origin of sleep complaints must consider primary and secondary insomnia , and the existence of associated depression.
causal treatment of insomnia is necessary keeping in consideration that depressive dimension can , afterward , evolve on its own.
in presence of intense sleep complaints in inadequacy with somatic examination , and not documented by sleep recordings , depression must be evoked.
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep that result in intermittent hypoxemia and arousal.
the prevalence of osas increases with aging , occurring in up to @percent@ of older adults and up to @percent@ in patients with alzheimer's disease.
osas is considered as an independent risk factor for hypertension , stroke and mortality.
the treatment of choice for osas is continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) .
recent studies suggest that osas may exacerbate cognitive functioning in dementia and that cpap therapy can be applied to these patients and improve cognitive functioning.
methods : the study involved a sample of the jordanian population that included @number@ type @number@ diabetic patients and @number@ control subjects.
results : serum resistin levels were higher in type @number@ diabetic patients compared with the controls ( p < 0.01 ) .
similarly , there was a significant association between plasma resistin and blood urea with growing older in diabetic patients.
conclusion : these results suggest that variations in resistin concentrations are not directly related to susceptibility to type @number@ diabetes.
skin-wound healing is an orchestrated biological phenomena consisting of three sequential phases , inflammation , proliferation , and maturation.
with the development of genetically engineered animals , essential molecules for skin-wound healing have been identified.
especially , cytokines , and growth factors are useful candidates and markers for the determination of wound vitality or age.
moreover , bone marrow-derived progenitor cells would give significant information to wound age determination.
in this review article , some interesting observations are presented , possibly contributing to the future practice of forensic pathologists.
methods : we re-interpret the scientific literature in order to provide a rationale for physical therapy treatments for discogenic back pain.
age-related deterioration can be accelerated by physical disruption , which leads to disc \ "degeneration \ " or prolapse.
wmh in the frontal-parietal and in the network were associated with decline in executive functioning.
however , the frontal-subcortical network was not associated with change in executive functioning.
better performance was found ( p = @number@ ) , explaining @percent@ of the mean variation in cognitive composite score in men.
these alleles correspond to the minor alleles initially found more frequent in controls than in cases of ad.
normal aging is accompanied by global as well as regional structural changes.
linear regressions of age revealed a concomitant global age-related reduction in cortical thickness , surface area and volume.
no cortical regions showed more surface area reduction than the global average.
resting-state network maps were extracted with independent component analysis and group-level statistical analyses were performed to detect disease and disease-by-age interaction effects.
whole-brain global and regional atrophy measures were obtained from same-session structural scans.
the sensori-motor network showed significant disease effects , with signals suppressed in patients bilaterally in the primary motor cortex.
both disease and disease-by-age interaction effects were detected in the right fronto-parietal network.
our results confirm that resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals in the sensori-motor network are suppressed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
a similar suppression is evident in the right fronto-parietal network , possibly reflecting the patients ' frontal dysfunction and right-lateralized patterns of regional atrophy.
populations in developed countries continue to grow older and an understanding of the ageing process to allow healthy ageing carries important medical implications.
older individuals are more susceptible to most acquired liver disorders and more vulnerable to the consequences of liver disease.
accordingly , age is a critical determinant of outcome for hepatitis c virus infection and liver transplantation.
in this review we describe changes in the ageing liver and discuss mechanisms of senescence at the cellular level.
in particular , we focus on mechanisms by which inflammation , oxidative stress , and oncogenic stress accelerate cellular senescence.
the dual role of cell senescence in chronic liver disease will make this an intriguing but challenging area for future clinical interventions.
introduction : solar elastosis , or basophilic degeneration of collagen , may be a histologic sign of chronic sun damage.
we also analyzed clinical variables such as scc location , location in exposed areas of the skin , age , sex , and immunosuppression.
patients included had undergone surgical excision of an scc.
only @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients had no solar elastosis.
in some cases elastosis was so severe that it had affected the subcutaneous cellular tissue or venous or arteriolar walls.
deeper solar elastosis was significantly associated with older age and female sex.
conclusions : solar elastosis was found in most patients with scc and seems to indicate chronic severe solar damage.
this may have implications on therapeutic management and secondary prevention.
we analysed demographic data , severity and subtype of stroke , risk factors , including the presence of hypercoagulable states , and outcome.
results : we included @number@ patients , of whom @number@ were men.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ with a hypercoagulable state , and no sex differences.
no association was found between these states and the presence of other vascular risk factors , or more severe stroke or worse outcomes.
there was an increased presence of these abnormalities in patients who were classified as atherothrombotic stroke ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the hypercoagulable states are common in young patients with ischaemic stroke , being present in up to @percent@ of them.
background : neuroimaging studies which investigate brain activity underlying declarative memory processes typically use artificial , unimodal laboratory stimuli.
in contrast , we developed a paradigm which much more closely approximates real-life situations of information encoding.
after scanning , free recall performance was assessed.
further analyses revealed that when controlling for performance effects older age was associated with greater activation of left temporal and right frontal cortex.
conclusion : we demonstrate the feasibility of assessing brain activity underlying declarative memory using a natural stimulation paradigm with high ecological validity.
the preliminary result of greater brain activation with increasing age might reflect an attempt to compensate for decreasing episodic memory capacity associated with aging.
unaccustomed exercise leads to satellite cell proliferation and increased skeletal muscle protein turnover.
several growth factors and cytokines may be involved in the adaptive responses.
however , the cellular mechanisms eliciting these responses remain unknown.
eight healthy male volunteers performed @number@ maximal eccentric contractions with each leg.
furthermore , mrna expression of selected genes was measured in muscle biopsies ( @number@ h and @number@ days post-exercise ) by real-time reverse transcriptase pcr.
myofibrillar and collagen protein synthesis were unaffected by the local nsaid infusion.
the expression of growth factors and matrix-related genes were unaffected by nsaid.
although nsaids inhibit the exercise-induced satellite cell proliferation , we observed only limited effects on gene expression , and on post-exercise protein synthesis.
this sheds light on the important role of isolation , especially in elderly females , as a pathogenic factor in late-onset paranoic state.
admittedly , treatment prospects for chronic , entrenched syndromes are limited , but there are these types of exceptions.
background : to prepare for a super-aging society , effective dementia screening tests are required.
the most salient deficit appearing from the early stages of dementia / alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a deterioration in memory.
the hasegawa dementia scale-revised ( hds-r ) and the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) are widely used in japan to screen for dementia.
furthermore , brief tests of vsm that are appropriate for screening have not been standardized.
thus , in the present study , we devised a brief , computer-aided short-term vsm test.
methods : sixty-six aged people were evaluated.
the vsm test estimated how many locations each subject could memorize.
several numbered circles were shown on a monitor and subjects were required to memorize the location of these circles sequentially.
after the numbers on the circles on the screen had disappeared , the subjects were required to indicate the circles in ascending order.
a touch panel screen was used for this test to make it easier.
the hds-r was applied to subjects with mci and dementia.
there was no significant difference in vsm scores between subjects classified as cdr @number@ and cdr 2-3 ( @number@ + / - @number@ ) .
there was a moderate significant correlation between vsm and hds-r scores.
conclusion : in the present study , the vsm test detected differences in vsm function among nc subjects and subjects with mci and mild dementia.
the software program for the vsm test is distributed for free so that it can be widely used.
methods : we examined age-related alteration of sdptg ( study @number@ ) and the sdptg response to a vasodilator ( study @number@ ) .
the subjects in study @number@ were @number@ healthy children aged @date@ @number@ years.
the subjects in study @number@ were @number@ children aged @date@ @number@ years with a history of kawasaki disease.
subjects received an i.v. infusion of @number@ mg / kg dipyridamole.
we assessed the sdptg by d / a ratio , b / a ratio and aging index ( agi ) .
conclusions : the sdptg indices in children show characteristic alterations with advance of age and react to a vasodilator.
design : cross-sectional analysis of baseline variables of a randomized controlled intervention trial.
setting : four academic research centers.
results : the sppb summary score was associated with minutes of mvpa ( ρ = 0.16 , p = .001 ) .
there was an association between 400-m walk time and minutes of mvpa ( ρ = -0.18 ; p < .001 ) .
objectives : to determine whether objectively measured physical activity levels are associated with physical function and mobility in older men.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : academic research center.
conclusion : older men with higher physical activity levels demonstrate better physical function and mobility than their less-active peers.
moreover , physical activity levels are predictive of performance in measures of physical function and mobility in older men.
future work is needed to determine whether modifications in physical activity levels can improve or preserve physical performance in later life.
other genes important for the cd4 ( + ) cell function may share that sequence and may be similarly regulated and affected.
human female reproductive aging consists of multiple processes and interacts with other physiological systems in unique ways.
specifically , we review data on ovarian and nonovarian reproductive aging processes and reproductive staging.
reproductive aging coincides with endocrine changes that are not solely reproductive in nature and culminates in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and amenorrhea.
these changes are identifiable biochemically regardless of clinical manifestations.
changes in the axis are associated with changes in other hormonal axes , specifically the adrenal androgen and the somatotropic axis.
a large body of literature indicates that reproductive aging is associated with a decline in the somatotropic axis.
these changes may play an important role in overall health maintenance.
attempts to ameliorate hormonal declines with exogenous hormonal therapy have produced mixed results.
we will compare age-related changes to those associated with reproductive aging and menopause and the effects of estrogen therapy on selected health outcomes.
hormone therapy ( ht ) reduces frequency and severity of hot flashes , prevents bone loss and osteoporotic fractures , and relieves vaginal atrophy.
nonhormone therapy trials with antidepressants or gabapentin for hot flash relief are promising.
this commentary discusses the intersection of human ovarian and somatic aging.
the pace of reproductive aging has been of considerable interest , especially in regard to the long postreproductive period in modern women.
reproductive senescence occurs later in baboon females than males.
the ideal study would combine field and laboratory observations and experiments.
as with most other biological phenomena , understanding the nature of genetic and environmental interactions is central to understanding of reproductive aging.
the median eminence at the base of the hypothalamus serves as an interface between the neural and peripheral endocrine systems.
it releases hypothalamic-releasing hormones into the portal capillary bed for transport to the anterior pituitary , which provides further signals to target endocrine systems.
the surprising discovery in @number@ that estrogen modulates hippocampal structural plasticity launched a whole new field of scientific inquiry.
we performed a longitudinal data analysis from a cohort of premenopausal women followed to their fmp.
smokers had a lower baseline inhibin b level relative to age at the fmp than nonsmokers ( p = @number@ ) .
change in ovarian biomarkers did not mediate the time to fmp.
we found that smoking was associated with age at fmp and modified associations of amh and inhibin b with age at fmp.
insulin resistance was associated with shorter time to fmp independent of the biomarkers.
interventions targeting smoking and insulin resistance could curtail the undue advancement of reproductive aging.
evolutionary theory predicts that aging-related fertility declines result from tradeoffs between reproduction and somatic maintenance.
developmental programs for oogenesis also contribute to variation in aging-related reproductive declines among female vertebrates.
documented reproductive aging patterns in female vertebrates , including humans , are consistent with canonical aging patterns determined developmentally and require no special adaptive explanation.
here we discuss patterns of aging-related ovarian decline in diverse female vertebrates , and place human ovarian aging in comparative context.
the interplay of neuroendocrine processes and gonadal function is exquisitely expressed during aging.
in females , loss of ovarian function results in decreased circulating estradiol.
concurrently , age-related changes in neuroendocrine response also contribute to the declining reproductive function.
effects of smoking , obesity , and insulin resistance ( sowers and colleagues ) impact the timing of the perimenopause transition in women.
animal models provide excellent insights into conserved mechanisms and key overarching events that bring about endocrine and behavioral aging.
environmental factors are key triggers in timing endocrine aging with implications for eventual disease.
session presentations will be considered in the context of the broader topic of indices and predictors of aging-related change.
unlike menopause , male reproductive senescence does not involve an acute drop in fertility.
men do , however , manifest distinct changes in somatic and gonadal function with age.
moreover , population variation in male reproductive senescence reveals phenotypic plasticity resulting from environmental , lifestyle , and genetic factors.
this article reviews the adaptive significance of the evolutionary biology of human male senescence with particular attention to population variation.
this paper presents a new two-sex learning- and skills-based theory for the evolution of human menopause.
we present evidence relevant to the theory.
the data show that whereas reproductive decline is linked to increasing risks of mortality in chimpanzees , human reproductive senescence precedes somatic senescence.
moreover under traditional conditions , most human males undergo reproductive cessation at the same time as their wives.
we then present evidence that after ceasing to reproduce , both men and women provide net economic transfers to children and grandchildren.
given this pattern of economic productivity , delays in menopause would produce net economic deficits within families.
we consider the relationship between the factors responsible for the general biology of aging and those that specifically influence the aging of the reproductive system.
to understand this relationship it is necessary to be clear about the evolutionary forces acting on both sets of factors.
only in this way can the correct causal connections be established.
of particular significance is the existence in some species of a distinct period of postreproductive life.
a commentary is offered on the chapters that comprise the section on theoretical foundations , emphasizing novel contributions of each.
three additional points are then made.
every @number@ days more or less the earth rotates , revolves , wobbles , and precesses along an elliptical path around the sun.
those of us who survive the journey are a year older : we have aged one solar year.
what if anything can we learn about more general processes of aging from reproductive aging ?
does our postreproductive survival contribute to our fitness , or is it just a chance event , a result of selection on other characteristics ?
can our insights and research be translated into improved clinical practice ?
we propose directions for future work.
working at the nanoscale means to completely rethink how to approach engineering in the body in general and in the eye in particular.
the goal is to function at the optimum state , or to return to that optimum state.
additive tissue engineering replaces cells or tissue , or tries to get something to grow that is no longer there.
arrestive tissue engineering tries to stop aberrant growth which , if left uncontrolled , would result in a decrease in function.
nano delivery of therapeutics can perform both additive and arrestive functions influencing the environment either way , depending on the targeting.
by manipulating the environment at the nanoscale , the rate and distribution of healing can be controlled.
examples of potential arrestive therapies include gene-related treatment modalities to inhibit intraocular neovascularization and to block retinal cell apoptosis.
looking towards the future , this review focuses on how nanoscale tissue engineering can be and is being used to influence that local environment.
proposed is a model of primary care for older adults with chronic health conditions that focuses on active engagement in health care.
the healthy ageing model is anchored in established theory on motivation and health behaviour change.
the conceptual foundation for the healthy ageing model is described first , followed by a brief description of the key characteristics of the model.
in conclusion , suggestions are offered for the clinical application and for further developing the model.
myopia , hyperopia and accommodation disorders are common refractive disorders , usually due to anatomical abnormalities or to physiological aging.
they can also be functional , however , particularly when provoked by drugs.
drug-induced refractive disorders resolve after treatment cessation.
all drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system can affect vision.
other drugs have unpredictable effects : the mechanism is not always known but sometimes appears to involve changes in the hydration of various ocular structures.
pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs used in breast cancer therapy are well established.
this chapter reviews preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics of the following drugs : cyclophosphamide , docetaxel , doxorubicin , 5-fluorouracil , methotrexate and tamoxifen.
the absorption , distribution , metabolism and elimination of drugs are discussed in the context of breast cancer.
the effect of age and menopause status on drug pharmacokinetics is evaluated.
the important role of modeling in understanding the phenomenon of chemo fog , memory deficit in breast cancer chemotherapy , is explored.
the concepts of solvency , sustainability , and budget impact are common in discussions of social security , but are not well understood.
finally , as treasury debt securities ( trust fund assets ) are redeemed in the future , they will just be replaced with public debt.
if trust fund assets are exhausted without reform , benefits will necessarily be lowered with no effect on budget deficits.
study design : prospective experimental.
setting : hospital-based spinal cord injuries unit.
results : there was no group difference between sides ( repeated measures anova , p = @number@ ) .
women across all ages had lower group mean epts than men ( p < @number@ ) .
women younger than age @number@ years had lower mean epts than those older than age @number@ years ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no group difference between younger and older men ( p = @number@ ) .
analysis of individual dermatomes revealed no significant differences in thoracic dermatomes between genders or age groups , contrary to the limb dermatomes.
conclusion : there were gender differences in ept values across all ages.
women had higher epts as they advanced in age , but this was less clear in men.
there was considerable somatotopic variability in epts , especially in the lower limbs.
if ept testing is to be applied to detect subclinical changes within a dermatome , establishment of age- and gender-specific somatotopic normograms is a prerequisite.
@number@
growth , maturation and body composition : the fels longitudinal study 1929-1991.
cambridge : cambridge university press ) .
multiple imputation ( mi ) was used to handle missing values with posterior inferences appropriately adjusted to account for between-imputation variability.
conclusions : longitudinal data analysis requires handling not only serial correlation but often also time-varying covariates , missing data , and unknown change points.
bayesian methods , combined with mi , are useful in handling these issues.
there is no age-related change in the cross-sectional area of the fornix , but there is a significant loss of myelinated nerve fibers.
aging also brings about an increase in the frequency of profiles of paranodes , indicating that some of the nerve fibers are being remyelinated.
aging also affects neuroglial cells.
each type shows inclusions in their perikarya , and in the case of astrocytes and microglial cells some of these inclusions are phagocytosed myelin.
numbers of astrocytes and microglial cells do not appear to increase with age , but there is a @percent@ increase in oligodendrocytes.
patients and methods : fifty consecutive pad and non-pad elderly patients performed a progressive treadmill test.
the proportion of patients who were unable to perform the test and the maximal walking distance were obtained.
conclusions : the treadmill test is limited in almost @number@ % of elderly patients with pad and non-pad.
these results highlight the need for other forms of exercise stress tests in order to assess the peripheral limitation of patients with pad.
objective : reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention which is specifically designed to address issues of particular relevance to older adults , such as depression.
the latest approach to the research on therapeutic utility of reminiscence is gaining popularity among researchers and practitioners , and has yielded promising results.
specifying different types of reminiscence is a crucial component of the approach.
method : the study employed a three-group pre-post-test design with random allocation to instrumental or integrative reminiscence or an active social discussion control condition.
twenty-nine institutionalized older adults ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) with depressive symptoms varying from mild to severe constituted the sample.
the interventions were implemented in a short-form group format.
although instrumental reminiscence therapy also reduced depressive symptoms , this improvement was not statistically significant compared to the control group.
this study also provides support for the hypothesis that certain types of reminiscence produce their own specific effects.
background : the effectiveness of late-life depression treatment can be improved by tailoring interventions to patients ' needs.
unmet needs perceived by patients suffering from a severe mental illness , e.g. depression , may have a negative impact on their recovery.
aim : the aim of this study is to gain insight into the needs of outpatients with late-life depression.
they were interviewed using the dutch version of the camberwell assessment of needs for the elderly ( cane-nl ) to identify met and unmet needs.
the montgomery-asberg depression rating scale was administered to measure depression severity.
the average number of needs reported was @number@ comprising @number@ met needs and @number@ unmet needs.
most of the unique variance in depression severity was explained by psychological unmet needs , more in particular by needs representing psychological distress.
the environmental , social or physical unmet needs , respectively , showed less or no meaningful predictive value for variance in depression severity.
conclusion : the psychological needs category of the cane appeared to be the strongest predictor of depression severity.
objectives : limited health literacy has been shown to be associated with poor health status.
however , research to date has not elucidated the factors that mediate the relationship between low literacy and poor health outcomes.
method : a cross-sectional study of @number@ community-dwelling korean older adults was conducted from @date@ to @date@ .
method : in all , @number@ elderly ( 65-101 years , @number@ men ) patients hospitalised in an acute medical unit participated.
their qol ( in its overall and physical , psychological , social and environmental domains ) was assessed with the world health organisation's whoqol-bref.
the qol was explored with multiple linear regression analysis.
health-related variables controlled for socio-demographic background were the independent variables.
results : the overall qol was good in two-thirds of the elderly patients.
lower psychological qol was significantly associated with impaired padl , impaired cognition , depression and anxiety.
lower social qol was significantly associated with depression and anxiety.
lower environmental qol was significantly associated with female gender , impaired padl , depression and anxiety.
in this article , we critically review the literature available on the relationship between tl , age and fitness.
we seek to familiarize geneticists , ecologists and evolutionary biologists with the shortcomings of the methods and the most common mistakes made while analysing tl.
purpose of review : in many countries , persons over @number@ are one of the fastest growing segments of the population.
mobility disability is one of the major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in this age group.
there is increasing evidence that improved nutrition can reduce the risk of developing disability in older age.
this review summarizes the recent literature showing the associations between different nutrients and mobility-related outcomes in older adults.
the purpose of this secondary study was to describe the mobility adaptations of community-living older adults.
a qualitative descriptive design guided the primary study of @number@ community-living older adults , who participated in in-depth interviews.
upon stimulation with angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial cells ( ecs ) secrete a negative-feedback regulator of angiogenesis , vasohibin-1 ( vash1 ) .
because vash1 lacks a classical signal sequence , it is not clear how ecs secrete vash1.
we isolated a small vasohibin-binding protein ( svbp ) composed of @number@ amino acids.
the level of svbp mrna was relatively high in the bone marrow , spleen and testes of mice.
in cultured ecs , vash1 mrna was induced by vegf , and svbp mrna was expressed constitutively.
the interaction between vash1 and svbp was confirmed using the biacore system and immunoprecipitation analysis.
immunocytochemical analysis revealed that svbp colocalized with vash1 in ecs.
in polarized epithelial cells , svbp accumulated on the apical side , whereas vash1 was present throughout the cells and partially colocalized with svbp.
transfection of svbp enhanced vash1 secretion , whereas knockdown of endogenous svbp markedly reduced vash1 secretion.
svbp increased the solubility of vash1 protein in detergent solution and inhibited the ubiquitylation of vash1 protein.
moreover , co-transfection of svbp significantly augmented the inhibitory effect of vash1 on ec migration.
these results indicate that svbp acts as a secretory chaperone for vash1 and contributes to the anti-angiogenic activity of vash1.
aging is associated with physical decline , often accompanied by pathology and disability that can cause unhappiness and dissatisfaction.
despite this , many elders report a high level of satisfaction.
long-term care practitioners can help residents deflect negative stereotypes and improve their own attitudes about aging.
several diseases are known to have a multifactorial origin , depending not only on genetic but also on environmental factors.
they are called \ "complex disorders \ " and include cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
in mammals , insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) is positively correlated with adult body mass , in comparisons made within a given species.
in mice , igf-1 deficiency is associated with dwarfism , whereas igf-1 overproduction in transgenic animals causes gigantism.
surprisingly , the opposite is true in an inter-species context.
we collected published plasma total igf-1 data for adults of @number@ mammalian species and analyzed it with respect to body mass.
in contrast to the intra-species observation , this analysis revealed a significant negative correlation of plasma igf-1 with body mass.
interestingly , igf-1 is negatively correlated with longevity , and suppression of igf-1 signalling in worms , flies and mice increases lifespan.
smaller mouse strains , for example , tend to have lower plasma igf-1 levels and to be longer-lived.
the purpose of this study was to clarify age-related changes in the elastic properties and moisture content of the lower labial mucosa.
elastic properties and moisture content were also compared between the lower labial mucosa and skin.
a total of @number@ adults aged 20-82 took part in the study.
elastic properties ( distensibility and elasticity ) and moisture content of lower labial mucosa and skin were determined in each participant.
pearson's correlation coefficient and the mann-whitney u test were used for the statistical analysis.
a negative correlation was found between age and distensibility of the lower labial mucosa.
no correlation was observed between age and elasticity of the lower labial mucosa.
a negative correlation was observed between age and moisture content of the lower labial mucosa.
a significant difference was observed in moisture content between the 20- to 39-year-old group and the over 40-year-old group.
stepwise analysis identified distensibility and moisture content of the lower labial mucosa as predictive factors of age.
the results indicate that distensibility and moisture content of the lower labial mucosa decrease with age.
moisture content in the over 40-year-old group , in particular , was lower than in the 20- to -30-year-old group.
objectives : age-related changes are common in many tissues and organs.
however , cell-related causes in human alveolar bone remain unclear.
the cells were serially passaged and maximal lifespan evaluated.
these parameters of the two groups of aobs were evaluated.
results : when compared with cells from young adult donors , aobs from elderly women exhibited lower maximal lifespan ( p < @number@ ) .
mean rate of population doubling was lower in elderly donor cells compared to those from young adult cells ( p < @number@ ) .
organelles from aobs of elderly donors were much fewer than those from young donors.
mtt value of elderly donor cells was significantly lower than those of young adult donors from day @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
calcium nodules of young adult donors ' specimens were significantly more numerous and larger than those from elderly donors.
these data indicate that aging may play an important role in pathogenesis of human aobs loss.
epidemiologic data suggest that people who develop neurodegenerative diseases of aging have a decreased risk of cancer.
the unique enzyme pin1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease and many human cancers.
pin1 acts on proteins after they have been phosphorylated at specific sites , causing them to twist between two completely distinct conformations.
this conformational change profoundly affects protein activity and is a major method of cellular signaling and regulation.
in the neuron , pin1 promotes cellular health by restoring phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein to a functional state.
the loss of active pin1 leads to the accumulation of abnormal tau and the overproduction of β-amyloid , the cardinal features of alzheimer's disease.
pin1 also regulates the cell cycle and is a necessary enzyme for cell division.
over-expression of pin1 can promote oncogenesis through a number of signaling pathways.
we hypothesize that pin1 might help explain an inverse relationship between alzheimer's disease and cancer.
pin1 deficiency in mice leads to an early-aging phenotype , suggesting that pin1 activity is necessary for healthy aging and the prevention of age-related diseases.
genes , the environment and stochastic factors such as lifestyle are major contributors to the universally shared phenomenon of ageing.
it is now clear that these different inputs act through evolutionarily conserved pathways to regulate lifespan in a wide range of animals.
here we review the evolutionary conservation of the iis pathway and discuss this in relation to recent findings on the molecular basis of ageing.
many causes of premature aging have been discussed in order to prevent it or find suitable medical treatment.
meantime we propose to evaluate an easy and well accepted treatment based on a weekly quasi-total body exposure to oxygen-ozone inside a thermostatically controlled cabinet.
the classical framingham risk equation provides a method for predicting cardiovascular risk , but it does not include the kidney function indexes.
framingham risk equation was used to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and generate frs.
ccr decreased about @percent@ from the young to oldest group ( p < 0.001 ) .
however , the relationship between frs and ccr was lost after controlling for age and other confounding variables.
with the increase of frs , the gfr and ccr decrease.
aging is the major factor of gfr and ccr reduction in the healthy population.
we suggest that gfr / ccr could be used as risk indexes for cardiovascular diseases.
aging and several neurodegenerative diseases bring about changes in the anatomy and physiology of the choroid plexus.
the identification of specific membrane receptors that bind and internalize extracellular ligands has revolutionized the traditional roles of this tissue.
the megalin receptor has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ad.
faulty aβ clearance from the brain across the choroid plexus epithelium by megalin appears to mediate focal aβ accumulation in ad.
therapies that increase megalin expression at the choroid plexus could potentially control accumulation of brain aβ.
finally , we present current data on the use of choroid plexus cells to repair the damaged brain.
honey is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent which can enhance wound healing.
a representative sub-sample of @number@ men within the caerphilly cohort kept a weighed dietary record for seven days.
the treatment included @number@ mt sessions.
depression significantly decreased ( p = 0.021 ) in the mt group.
pnn50 improved in @percent@ patients of the mt group , but in none of the control group ( p = 0.013 ) .
mt may improve symptoms of depression and increase hrv in demented patients.
objectives : presbylaryngis , or aging of the larynx , can adversely affect vocal function and quality of life in the elderly.
this preliminary investigation examined the effects of vocal function exercises , a physiologic voice therapy approach , as a primary treatment for presbylaryngis.
results : after treatment , patients reported significant reductions on voice handicap index scores , phonatory effort levels , and voice disorder severity.
blinded listeners rated the posttreatment voices as significantly less breathy and strained.
however , comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment maximum phonation times , acoustic measures , and laryngeal images did not reveal significant changes.
the history of studies on cultured cells is reviewed.
comparative analysis of cytogerontological investigations and / or gerontological theories of weismann , carrel , hayflick , and the paper author is carried out.
it is emphasized that in xx century the theories ' nature has changed abruptly many times.
the analysis of the collected data allows us to assume a reality of conditions at which zero rate of ageing is possible.
adduced proofs of the telomere shortening are the main or even the sole mechanism of the natural and radiation aging.
we try to explain in what way telomere shortening might be the cause of aging and longevity restriction.
we also observe it in spite of the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species which may be even more than in normal cells.
the influence of heterogeneity in individual radiosensitivity on estimation of ageing using survival curve is considered.
quadratic deviation of the rate of ageing from the true value in estimated by imitation modeling techniques.
the gompertz model for spontaneous mortality and gamma-frailty model for heterogeneity are used.
simulation performed at different values of radiation effect and heterogeneity variance.
it is shown that inclusion heterogeneity in the model is not efficient for large values of heterogeneity variance.
for moderate values of heterogeneity variance model with heterogeneity produces more accurate results in comparison with the model without heterogeneity.
these disturbances facilitate the realization of promotion and progression stages ofcarcinogenesis.
in this study we present evidence based on data from dutch employers and employees.
productivity perceptions are affected by one's age and one's position in the hierarchy.
the young favor the young , the old favor the old , and employers value the productivity of workers less than employees do.
however , there are also remarkable similarities across employers and employees.
it appears that both employers and employees , young and old , view hard skills as far more important than soft skills.
patients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus are characterized by increased incidence of cardiovascular events and enhanced thromboxane-dependent platelet activation.
in fact , aspirin does not inhibit isoprostane formation.
the expression of the p16 ( ink4α ) is primarily under transcriptional control.
our previous data showed that a negative regulation element lies in its promoter.
in that element , a myb-binding site ( mbs ) was uncovered by transcription analysis.
here , we report that mbs is a negative regulation element and b-myb binds to this site in vivo.
in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells , b-myb downregulated p16 ( ink4α ) expression , whereas knocking down of b-myb upregulated it.
purpose of review : to explore recent findings bridging childhood development and common late-life mental disorders in the elderly.
summary : current findings suggest that childhood development is strictly connected to psychiatric phenotypes across the lifespan.
our review also highlights the urgent need for investigations on preventive interventions in individuals at risk for mental disorders.
wrinkle depth was measured on masks using multiphoton microscopy.
clinical improvement was judged by a panel of observers according to the hay scale.
there was a statistically significant improvement in wrinkle depth after treatment in all areas.
dynamic rhytides demonstrated greatest improvement , notably in the forehead ( @percent@ reduction ) .
the objective improvement in static rhytides ( 43%-56% ) has not previously been demonstrated.
clinical evaluation was less accurate than scientific methodology for static lines.
this model may have a place in comparing products or treatment regimes , particularly when changes are subtle.
background : this study investigates how t ( @number@ ) -weighted mri can be used to evaluate brain anatomical changes.
we investigated these changes in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and normal aging.
methods : a semiquantitative brain atrophy and lesion index ( bali ) was constructed by adapting existing visual rating scales and validated in @number@ datasets.
results : the t ( @number@ ) - and t ( @number@ ) -weighted-imaging-based scores were highly correlated.
they were both closely associated with age and with cognitive test scores.
conclusion : the t ( @number@ ) -based bali helps describe brain structural variability in ad , mild cognitive impairment and normal aging.
among older adults , everyday competence is often expressed in the context of other participating individuals.
this special section reflects an important movement in aging research to examine couples as an alternative but normatively common unit of analysis.
my discussion focuses on @number@ main issues.
first , i sketch the rationale , logic , expectation and evidence that long-term couples might develop and display unique advantages in everyday competence.
lifespan development and aging do not take place in a vacuum.
the @number@ papers adopt a range of methodologies , from an experimental session to short- and longer-term longitudinal observational studies.
the authors of these articles offer novel insights into the theoretical underpinnings of spousal interrelations as well as how to approach such issues analytically.
key avenues for future research are outlined , especially adapting principles of an epidemiological approach to understanding cognitive aging , broadly defined.
these promise to extend our understanding of dyadic interrelations in lifespan development and aging.
population ageing is a new challenge for physicians because of the clinical complexity of the elderly.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most common chronic diseases throughout the world affecting prevalently older people.
despite the increasing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older people , underdiagnosis and undertreatment in this age group are still common problems.
some patients are frail as they have impaired homeostatic mechanisms , deteriorated physiological systems , and limited functional reserve.
all participants had medically intractable seizures associated with unilateral hs and an onset of epilepsy in childhood , with an average onset at @number@ years.
results : there were no significant differences between the age cohorts on the measures of intellect , language , or memory.
duration of epilepsy ( years ) was not related to iq , memory , or language scores in any group.
male subjects performed better than female subjects on verbal iq , performance iq , and naming tasks.
verbal learning and recall scores were worse in those with left than right hs.
conclusions : our findings suggest that the profile of cognitive deficits associated with mtle is already established as children with temporal lobe epilepsy enter adulthood.
while memory and language skills are maximally affected , intellectual function is also compromised in mtle.
here , we report that plasminogen stimulates propagation of the protease-resistant scrapie prp ( prp ( sc ) ) .
prp conversion in pmca was substantially less efficient with plasminogen-deficient brain material than with wild-type material.
the activity stimulating prp conversion was specific for plasminogen and conserved in its kringle domains.
such activity was abrogated by modification of plasminogen structure and interference of prp-plasminogen interaction.
furthermore , as observed in pmca , plasminogen and kringles promoted prp ( sc ) propagation in scn2a and elk 21 ( + ) cells.
our results demonstrate that plasminogen functions in stimulating conversion processes and represents the first cellular protein cofactor that enhances the hypothetical mechanism of prion propagation.
voltage-gated calcium channels conduct ca ( 2 + ) ions in response to membrane depolarization.
the resulting transient increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration is a critical trigger for the initiation of such vital responses as muscle contraction and transcription.
ca ( v ) βs oligomerize at the α ( 1c ) subunits residing in the plasma membrane and bind to the aid.
however , ca ( v ) β oligomerization occurs independently on the association with α ( 1c ) .
molecular structures responsible for ca ( v ) β oligomerization reside in @number@ regions of the guanylate kinase subdomain of maguk.
thus , oligomerization of ca ( v ) β subunits represents a novel and essential aspect of calcium channel regulation.
methods : over @number@ adults across a wide-age range performed different versions of cognitive tests on several sessions at each measurement occasion.
conclusions : the results revealed that more sensitive assessments of change can be obtained by taking short-term fluctuation into account with measurement-burst designs.
protein carbonylation is a major form of protein oxidation and is widely used as an indicator of oxidative stress.
as our discussions lean toward gel-based approaches , utilizations of these probes in 2d gel-based proteomic analysis of carbonylated proteins are illustrated where applicable.
analysis of carbonylated proteins by elisa , immunofluorescent imaging , near infrared fluorescence detection , and gel-free proteomic approaches are also discussed where appropriate.
however , graduates from nursing programs are failing the nclex-rn on the first attempt.
the impact of nclex-rn failure is felt not only by the graduate student and their nursing program , but by healthcare organizations as well.
even though the impact is multi-faceted , a common theme of cost emerges.
ageing , which all creatures must encounter , is a challenge to every living organism.
in the human body , it is estimated that cell division and metabolism occurs exuberantly until about @number@ years of age.
beyond this age , subsidiary products of metabolism and cell damage accumulate , and the phenotypes of ageing appear , causing disease formation.
in seeking to ameliorate ageing and age-related diseases , the search for anti-ageing drugs has been of much interest.
the beneficial effects of resveratrol are believed to be associated with the activation of a longevity gene , sirt1.
in this review , we discuss the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's disease , parkinson's disease and cerebrovascular disease.
the therapeutic potential of resveratrol , diet and the roles of stem cell therapy are discussed to provide a better understanding of the ageing mystery.
aging societies face an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders for which no cure exists.
these similarities , particularly in the early phases of neurodegeneration , might help identify appropriate animal model systems for studying of cell pathology.
age is known to affect sensitivity to retinal motion.
however , little is known about how age might affect sensitivity to motion during pursuit.
we therefore investigated direction discrimination and speed discrimination when moving stimuli were either fixated or pursued.
imprecise eye movement , or later noise introduced at the combination stage , could not explain the results.
this article presents the results of a study on the barriers and facilitators to bus use for people aged @number@ or older.
two complementary methodologies , nominal group technique and focussed ethnography , were used to identify barriers and facilitators and rank their importance.
these findings will assist researchers , policy makers , and transport providers to set evidence-based strategic directions for creating age-friendly bus systems.
both methods provide complementary perspectives on bus usability , which could not be gained from either method alone.
this article explores race and immigrant disparities in health and health care access across the two countries.
the study focus was on middle and old age given the change and increasing diversity in health and health care policy , such as medicare.
the aboriginal population in canada , much younger than the general population , has experienced a trend towards aging over the past decade.
forty-three newspaper articles dealing with hope and cancer were collected and analyzed to explore how hope is socially constructed by print media.
results showed that to be true even after controlling for the higher rates of co-morbidities among older patients and variations across hospitals in practice patterns.
we created and validated a simple instrument for frailty screening in europeans aged ≥50.
methods : subjects : share wave @number@ respondents ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) .
measures : five share variables approximating fried's frailty definition.
analyses ( for each gender ) : @number@ ) estimation of a discreet factor ( dfactor ) model based on the frailty variables using latentgold.
results : females : the dfactor model included @number@ cases ( standard r2 = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the share frailty instrument has sufficient construct and predictive validity , and is readily and freely accessible via web calculators.
to our knowledge , share-fi represents the first european research effort towards a common frailty language at the community level.
results : the healthy , at-risk , and ckd groups consisted of @number@ @number@ and @number@ people , respectively.
in all the @number@ groups , the multivariate-adjusted egfrs in men were lower than the corresponding egfrs in women.
conclusion : to accurately assess gender differences in ckd progression rates , gender differences in age-related decline in gfr should be considered.
purpose : to determine the cost-effectiveness of ocular hypertension ( oh ) treatment initiated with latanoprost compared to timolol.
therapy can be maintained or changed dependent on the achieved intraocular pressure ( iop ) and side-effects.
adjustments of therapy to reach a target pressure involve monotherapy , combination therapy and laser.
four drugs are used : latanoprost , timolol , brimonidine and dorzolamide.
once the adjustments of therapy are completed , lifelong follow-up with iop-dependent conversion to glaucoma and progression to blindness are modelled.
direct medical costs are assigned.
the iop-lowering effect of drugs is based on meta-analyses and applied by monte carlo simulation to a hypothetical cohort of patients with oh.
the characteristics of the cohort , including the initial iop distribution , are based on data of @number@ patients.
costs per patient within @number@ months of therapy were € @number@ and € @number@ respectively.
lifetime blindness and costs were @number@ years and € @number@ ( strategy @number@ ) and @number@ years and € @number@ ( strategy @number@ ) .
a secondary analysis was conducted with a longitudinal sample of aging women ( kwan , love , ryff , & essex , @number@ ) .
participants completed self-administered questionnaires and participated in in-home interviews and observations.
growth curve modeling was used to examine the overall linear trajectories of sleep quality.
sleep quality declined over time but not for all women.
two distinctly different sleep patterns emerged : good but declining sleep quality and disrupted sleep quality.
future research is needed to examine whether interventions focused on maintaining or enhancing psychological well-being could minimize later life declines in sleep quality.
many diseases in the elderly are more frequent and more severe in comparison to the younger population.
electroencephalography investigations were carried out twice in @number@ schoolchildren in the age of 7-8 years and in the age of 9-10 years.
its mechanism of realization is carried out due to hyperactivation of the right hemisphere and it is incorporated on preclinical stage.
the insulin / igf-1 signaling pathway is a determinant of aging and age-related diseases.
igf-binding protein @number@ ( igfbp2 ) is secreted by white adipocytes and contributes to the prevention of diet-induced obesity and age-related insulin resistance in mice.
however , the expression levels of igfbp2 in insulin resistance disorders have not been evaluated.
the present study was aimed at determining igfbp2 mrna levels in adipose tissue in conditions of insulin resistance such as aging and obesity.
igfbp2 mrna levels were also decreased in visceral wat of @number@ and @number@ months old mice compared with those of their @number@ months old counterparts.
visceral wat igfbp2 expression was significantly associated with igfbp2 circulating levels in mice , suggesting an important contribution from this tissue.
the negative effect of aging on igfbp2 mrna levels in visceral wat was confirmed in obese men.
these findings demonstrate that the transcription of the igfbp2 gene is modulated in a depot-specific fashion in obesity and aging in mice and men.
because igfbp2 is an adipokine , an altered production from visceral wat depots could impact on igf-1 signaling and its downstream targets.
this supports the need for further molecular and clinical studies to determine the factors regulating igfbp2 expression and its relevance to metabolic diseases.
our society is aging , and this demographic change necessitates that all social workers have basic competency in gerontology.
this social work education framework can be replicated in an effort to infuse gerontology content throughout other disciplines.
the current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students ; however , both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality.
married students had greater academic / clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality.
generally , knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality.
level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes.
attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.
in this review , we focus on the role of autophagy as an alternative source of cellular energy , particularly important when nutrients are scarce.
however , it is only recently that the ability of autophagy to mobilize intracellular lipid stores as an additional source of energy has been described.
autophagy contributes thus to modulating the amount of cellular lipids and allows cells to adapt to lipogenic stimuli.
interestingly , this interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism is bidirectional , as changes in the intracellular lipid content also contribute to modulating autophagic activity.
in addition , we comment on the regulatory role that lipid molecules and their modifying enzymes play on different steps of the autophagic process.
recent studies have indicated the possible involvement of grk , primarily grk2 and grk5 , dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ad.
it seems that mild , soluble , beta-amyloid accumulation can lead to a reduced membrane ( functional ) and an elevated cytosolic grk2 / 5.
the increased cytosolic grk2 appears to be colocalized with damaged mitochondria and neurofibrillary tangles.
it also promotes an evil cycle to further increase beta-amyloid accumulation and exaggerates brain inflammation , possibly even the basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration.
therefore , continuous efforts in this direction are necessary before translating the knowledge to any therapeutic strategies.
background : aging compromises the ability of the central nervous system to maintain body balance and reduces the capacity for adaptive reactions.
to prevent falls , the reception conditions for sensory information need to be improved.
methods : this was a prospective randomized clinical study in which the variables were assessed before and after the training program.
thirty-six elderly people were evaluated using four tests : the berg balance scale , dynamic gait index , gait speed and tandem gait.
the participants were randomized into three groups : aquatic exercise group , non-aquatic exercise group and control group.
the exercise groups underwent a program for lower-limb muscle endurance that consisted of 40-minute sessions twice a week for six weeks.
the participants were reevaluated after six weeks.
the data were analyzed statistically using the univariate anova test for comparisons between the groups before and after the intervention.
results : the program for lower-limb muscle endurance significantly increased balance ( p < 0.05 ) in the evaluation tests after the training program.
conclusion : the muscle endurance program provided a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance among community-dwelling elderly people.
it was also possible to infer that this improvement occurred regardless of the environment , i.e. aquatic or non-aquatic.
article registered in the australian new zealand clinical trials registry ( anzctr ) under the number actrn @number@
although thiazide-type diuretics are the recommended first-line agents in most cases of uncomplicated hypertension , multiple drug classes have been shown to be useful.
in addition , and where feasible , a multidisciplinary team approach has demonstrated the most durable results.
conclusion : thiazide diuretics should be the first-line agents in uncomplicated , isolated systolic hypertension.
starting at low doses and proceeding in a gradual manner , these agents have proven efficacy in decreasing the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events.
calorie restriction ( cr ) is defined as a reduction in calorie intake below the usual ad libitum intake without malnutrition.
ample of clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that cr is capable of retarding aging process and development of cardiovascular disease.
the p53 tumor suppressor gene has recently been shown to mediate metabolic changes in cells under physiological and pathological conditions.
in addition , p53 regulates autophagy to provide cell metabolites for surviving through damage regulated autophagy modulator ( dram1 ) .
here we review the recent findings to elucidate the important role of p53 in cell metabolism.
in girls , smaller left amygdala volumes were associated with better emotional control.
in boys , larger left amygdala volumes were associated with better emotional control.
these findings suggest that healthy girls and boys show a difference in the correlation between parental reports of emotional control and the left amygdala volume.
in addition to its function as a tumour suppressor , p53 is also involved in an increasing number of pathology associated with aging.
the control of ros and senescence by p53 may help to explain how p53 can function to both restrain and promote aging.
saccharomyces cerevisiae sir2 is an nad ( + ) -dependent histone deacetylase that links chromatin silencing to genomic stability , cellular metabolism and lifespan regulation.
in mice , deficiency for the sir2 family member sirt6 leads to genomic instability , metabolic defects and degenerative pathologies associated with aging.
until recently , sirt6 was an orphan enzyme whose catalytic activity and substrates were unclear.
by maintaining both the integrity and the expression of the mammalian genome , sirt6 thus serves several roles that parallel sir2 function.
in this article , we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of sirt6 action and their implications for human biology and disease.
comparisons were performed by factorial analysis of variance.
no consistent age related patterns were found for the ratios and the nasal convexity and alar slope angles.
men and women had different age related patterns , with significant sex by age interactions ( p < 0.001 ) .
overall , in most occasions male increments in nasal dimensions were larger than female ones.
improvements in health and longevity in countries such as the uk and usa have radically destabilised notions of ageing and old age.
breakthroughs in bio-gerontology and in bio-medicine have created the possibility of an increasingly differentiated idea of normal ageing.
the disciplines of cardiology and oncology have increasingly recognized the benefits to patients of collaborating in the care of cancer patients with cardiac disease.
participants were sixty drivers aged @number@ and above ( mean = 76.7 years , @percent@ men ) with no diagnosed neurological disorder.
test data was used to build classification models for a pass or fail score on an on-road driving assessment.
the generalizability of the models was estimated using leave-one-out cross-validation.
sixteen participants ( @percent@ ) received an on-road fail score.
the roc curve was used to select three different cut-points for each model and to compare classification.
however , leave-one-out cross-validation reduced sensitivity in both models and particularly reduced specificity for ncra.
neither model is accurate enough to be relied on solely for determination of driving ability.
the three challenge manipulations induced different compensatory speed adjustments.
this complicated interpretation of the other measures of driving performance.
( these speed adjustment indices correlated with vision test scores and subscales of the useful field of view. )
effects were synergistic : the impact of the interaction of challenge variables was greater than the sum of independent effects.
the directions of the effects varied depending on the performance measure in question though.
for hazard rt , the combined effects of high-density traffic and navigational challenge were more deleterious in good visibility conditions than in fog.
this suggests different aspects of driving performance tap different resources.
both humoral and cellular immune responses are impaired in aged individuals , leading to decreased vaccine responses.
although t cell defects occur , defects in b cells play a significant role in age-related humoral immune changes.
caloric restriction ( cr ) and antioxidants have been proposed as strategies to attenuate age-related brain changes.
cr reduced the mean volumes of every hippocampal region investigated ( on average @percent@ ) in both 12-month-old , and 24-month-old mice.
overexpression of sod1 was not associated with any volume alteration.
these findings indicate that although aging and cr in mice are both associated with hippocampal volume reductions , the patterns of the volume reductions differ.
these morphometric alterations may have impact on the function of the hippocampus during aging and cr.
in mammalian cells , dna-bound fe ( ii ) reacts with h₂o₂ producing the highly reactive hydroxyl radical ( oh ) in situ.
nonquantitative studies indicate that the cerebellum is neuropathologically affected in alzheimer's disease ; however , no quantitative studies on the subject have yet been conducted.
ten cerebella from elderly female subjects with severe alzheimer's disease and @number@ age- and gender-matched controls were examined.
there was no significant difference between the groups in purkinje or granule cell number or density , and no overall difference in purkinje cell gradient.
during sentence comprehension , older adults are less likely than younger adults to predict features of likely upcoming words.
a pair of experiments assessed whether such differences would extend to tasks with reduced working memory demands and time pressures.
thus , age-related changes in prediction during comprehension generalize across task circumstances.
analyses of individual differences revealed that older adults with higher category fluency were more likely to show the young-like pattern.
furthermore , the relationship between psychosis and cognition has not been adequately explored to this point.
the digit symbol-coding and information subtests from the wechsler adult intelligence scale were used to measure the @number@ cognitive domains at each assessment.
at all @number@ assessments , individuals with schizophrenia performed more poorly than the other diagnostic groups on the @number@ cognitive measures.
in addition , we find evidence for an association between relative cognitive impairment and psychosis.
one of the most prominent alterations during aging is the continuous involution of the thymus gland which is almost complete by the age of @number@
as a consequence , infectious diseases are more frequent and severe in elderly persons and immunological protection following vaccination is reduced.
olfactory dysfunction may precede common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly , such as alzheimer ( ad ) or parkinson disease ( pd ) .
however , pathobiological mechanisms of olfactory loss in the elderly are poorly understood.
we investigated the relationship between aasdd and olfactory performance in community-dwelling subjects.
subjects with clinical or dat pet evidence of parkinson disease ( pd ) were not eligible for the study.
aasdd was defined based on normative data in young and middle-aged subjects.
there is a significant association between olfactory dysfunction and more prominent nigrostriatal denervation in the elderly.
olfactory assessment may have potential as a screening tool to detect age-accelerated neurodegeneration in the elderly.
data were collected on self-reported hypertension , measured blood pressure , medications , as well as sociodemographic and other health-related factors.
results : hypertension prevalence increased from @percent@ in the period 1993-1994 to @percent@ in 2004-2005.
cross-cohort multivariate analyses showed that the higher odds of hypertension in the 2004-2005 cohort was attenuated by adding diabetes and obesity to the model.
cross-cohort multivariate analyses showed that the higher odds of control in 2004-2005 cohorts were accentuated by adding diabetes to the model.
folate deficiency can cause age-related disease.
folic acid ( fa ) has been used in studies aiming at disease prevention.
recently , unmetabolized fa in plasma raised public health concerns ; but numerous studies used fa for disease prevention.
concentrations of 5-mthf and total homocysteine ( thcy ) ( r = @number@ ) and s-adenosylmethionine ( r = @number@ ) were correlated at baseline.
concentrations of unmetabolized fa were positively related to those of 5-mthf and thf.
people showed wide variations in folate forms at baseline , but these were reduced after fa treatment.
in 1985-1994 , @number@ women aged 55-years took part in the baseline investigation.
of these , @number@ participated in a questionnaire follow-up in @number@ and in a subgroup of @number@ women lung function was tested in 2008-2009.
generalized estimating equation ( gee ) models were used to estimate the effect of a reduction in air pollution on respiratory symptoms and diseases.
results : ambient air concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic size < @number@ microm ( pm10 ) declined in average by @number@ microg / m3.
background : down syndrome ( ds ) is caused by trisomy of all or part of chromosome @number@
the tc1 mouse is mosaic for the human chromosome such that not all cells in the model carry it.
thus to help our investigations we aimed to develop a method to identify cells that carry human chromosome @number@ in the tc1 mouse.
we selected proteins that are expressed in the adult brain of tc1 mice and contain regions of moderate / low homology with the mouse ortholog.
we produced antibodies to seven human chromosome @number@ encoded proteins.
of these , we successfully generated three antibodies that preferentially recognise human compared with mouse sod1 and rrp1 proteins on western blots.
these antibodies are freely available to other researchers.
our data high-light the technical difficulty of producing species-specific antibodies for both western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
adipocytokines released from adipose tissue are thought to modulate some brain functions including memory and cognition.
the diagnosis of ad was based on nincds-adrda criteria.
all the blood and csf samples were obtained from each fasted subject.
adiponectin was assayed using a sandwich elisa system.
results : the levels of adiponectin between in plasma and in csf showed a positive correlation.
plasma adiponectin was significantly higher in mci and ad compared to nc , whereas csf adiponectin was significantly higher in mci compared to nc.
conclusion : it is possible that the level of adiponectin in plasma reflects its level in csf.
western blot analyses detected increased levels of bace1 protein and β-site-cleavage amyloid precursor protein c-terminal fragments in plaque-bearing human and monkey cortex relative to controls.
in double-labeling preparations , bace1 ir colocalized with immunolabeling for aβ but not for phosphorylated tau.
importantly , these bace1-labeled dystrophic axons resided near to or in direct contact with blood vessels.
the data provide a mechanistic explanation for why senile plaques are present preferentially near the cerebral vasculature.
in this study , we generated a transgenic mouse that overexpresses aimp3 and characterized the associated phenotype in vivo and in vitro.
surprisingly , the aimp3 transgenic mouse exhibited a progeroid phenotype , and the cells that overexpressed aimp3 showed accelerated senescence and defects in nuclear morphology.
an increase in the level of endogenous aimp3 has been observed in aged human tissues and cells.
oral health care practices are ever more frequently visited by frail elderly people.
frail elderly people are at risk for fall accidents due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
intrinsic factors are patient-related and extrinsic factors are environment-related.
significant intrinsic fall risk factors for elderly people are orthostatic and postprandial hypotension.
the most important effect of hypotension is cerebral hypoperfusion , which can induce syncope and fall.
five to ten per cent of fall accidents of elderly people result in trauma.
a serious trauma with possible extreme consequences is hip fracture.
fall prevention deserves serious attention.
provision of information and strengthening and protecting bones are important prevention measures.
on base line survey , both guoups were followed up two years after vaccination about incidence , hospitalization rate , treatment and direct medical cost.
benefit-cost ratio was @number@ and the net benefit was yen @number@
conclusion : incidence of influenza-like illness for the elderly people in the community decreased by administered penv23 ahd infv-b vaccine.
this vaccines had high cost-benefits.
these mitochondrial abnormalities can predispose a metabolic cardiomyopathy characterized by diastolic dysfunction.
interventions to improve mitochondrial function have been shown to correct insulin metabolic signaling and other metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities.
this review explores mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis in the pathophysiology of metabolic heart disease.
methods : a noncomparative interventional case series was performed.
measurements were taken in the primary position of gaze.
additional measurements included the distance from the upper eyelid margin to brow , margin reflex distance-1 , and palpebral fissure width.
results : of the @number@ subjects , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were male and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were female.
ages ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
mean ilb height was @number@ mm for males and @number@ mm for females.
the ilb was not associated with measures of eyelid height such as palpebral fissure width.
there was no statistically significant difference in ilb height between males and females.
however , increased ilb height was associated with increased age.
african americans had statistically significant increased mean ilb measurements compared with whites.
race , but not sex , seems to be an important consideration in proper central eyebrow position.
objectives : we assessed the utilization of home care by the elderly in brazil after implementation of the family health strategy ( fhs ) .
methods : data were derived from a cross-sectional study in a southern city in brazil.
results : we interviewed @number@ residents aged @number@ years and older.
conclusions : improvement in access to care resulted in greater utilization of home care.
our findings have policy implications that include expanding the coverage of the fhs throughout big cities where coverage is limited.
objective : skeletal muscle protein metabolism is resistant to the anabolic action of insulin in healthy , nondiabetic older adults.
this defect is associated with impaired insulin-induced vasodilation and mtorc1 signaling.
research design and methods : twelve healthy , nondiabetic older subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) were randomized to two groups.
results : there were no baseline differences between groups.
akt phosphorylation increased in both groups but increased more in snp ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : pharmacological enhancement of muscle perfusion and amino acid availability during hyperinsulinemia improves the muscle protein anabolic effect of insulin in older adults.
maintaining skeletal muscle function throughout the lifespan is a prerequisite for good health and independent living.
numerous conditions including neuromuscular disorders , physical inactivity , chronic disease and ageing are associated with perturbations in skeletal muscle function.
identifying mechanisms which influence the processes regulating skeletal muscle function is a key priority.
skeletal muscle function is impaired in heart failure patients due , in part , to loss of myofibrillar protein content , in particular myosin.
accordingly , isometric tension did not differ between patients and controls in mhc i or iia fibres.
in proliferating cells dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) are a common occurrence during dna replication.
the brca1 tumour suppressor has an important role in this process and is believed to channel the dsbs into the hr pathway.
the related 53bp1 gene is known to positively regulate repair of dsbs outside of s phase , but via the nhej pathway.
two new studies suggest a new role for 53bp1 as an inhibitor of hr [ @number@ ] .
these genetic studies establish that 53bp1 , but not other components of the nhej machinery , can inhibit the early resection step of hr.
in cells defective for brca1 , which is required for efficient hr , the balance between promoting and inhibiting hr is thrown towards inhibition.
simultaneous loss of 53bp1 can rescue the hr defect of brca1-defective cells and restore cellular viability.
here , i provide an overview of these studies and discuss their implications for tumourigenesis.
objective : the development of the perception of changes in facial emotion was investigated using event-related potentials ( erps ) in children and adults.
methods : four different conditions were presented : ( @number@ ) n-h : a neutral face that suddenly changed to a happy face.
( @number@ ) h-n : reverse of n-h.
( @number@ ) n-a : a neutral face that suddenly changed to an angry face.
( @number@ ) a-n : reverse of n-a.
peak latency was significantly shorter and amplitude was significantly smaller in adults than younger and older children.
conclusion : the areas of the brain involved in perceiving changes in facial emotion have not matured by @number@ years of age.
significance : our study is the first to clarify a difference between children and adults in the perception of facial emotional change.
the ability to achieve peak propulsive force within a short time is critical for the performance of such a quick powerful step.
methods : fifteen young and @number@ older volunteers performed rapid forward steps while standing on a force platform.
findings : older people exerted lower peak forces ( anteroposterior and vertical ) than young adults , but not necessarily lower peak power.
more significantly , they showed a longer time to peak force , particularly in the vertical direction during the preparation phase.
interpretations : older adults generate propulsive forces slowly and reach lower magnitudes , mainly during step preparation.
such delay may be associated with the inability to react and recruit muscles quickly.
thus , training elderly to step fast in response to relevant cues may be beneficial in the prevention of falls.
depending upon its organization , movement variability may reflect poor or flexible control of a motor task.
we studied adult age-related differences in the structure of postural variability in manual pointing using the uncontrolled manifold ( ucm ) method.
toward the end of the movement , younger adults showed higher synergy indexes than older adults.
effects of target schedule were not reliable.
first , we performed single marker linear regression analysis relating the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) with plasma aβ40 and aβ42 levels.
then we performed 3-snp sliding window haplotype analyses , correcting all analyses for multiple testing.
all these snps lie within the same ld block , and are in ld with the previously reported haplotypes.
our findings provide support for an association in the ide region on chromosome 10q with aβ40 and @number@ levels.
the etiology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is complex with oxidative stress being a possible contributory factor to pathogenesis and disease progression.
we tested if enhancing oxidative stress through diet would accelerate aβ-related pathology.
thus , pro-oxidant conditions increase app levels and enhance bace1-mediated app processing and in doing so might contribute to pathogenesis in ad.
severe white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) represent cerebral small vessel disease and predict functional decline in the elderly.
we used fmri to test if severe wmh impact on functional brain network organization even before clinical dysfunction.
data were compared between individuals with absent or punctuate ( n = @number@ ) and early confluent or confluent ( n = @number@ ) wmh.
both groups did not differ in mobility or cognition data.
on fmri , subjects with severe wmh demonstrated excess activation in the pre-supplementary motor area ( sma ) , frontal , and occipital regions.
activation differences were noted with ankle movements only.
pre-sma activation correlated with frontal wmh load for ankle but not finger movements.
this suggests compensatory activation related to disturbance of frontosubcortical circuits.
we examine normal aging from the perspective of topological patterns of structural brain networks constructed from two healthy age cohorts @number@ years apart.
these structural network differences may provide the basis for changes in functional connectivity and indeed cognitive function as we grow older.
cilostazol , a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase @number@ has been widely used in patients with atherosclerotic diseases and is known to increase hdl-cholesterol.
however , it remains unclear whether cilostazol enhances anti-atherogenic properties by promoting reverse cholesterol transport ( rct ) , a major anti-atherogenic function of hdl.
however , other cyclic amp ( camp ) -elevating agents did not increase abca1 gene expression in thp-1 macrophages.
supporting the in vitro data , cilostazol was found to significantly increase ( @number@ ) h-tracer levels in both plasma and feces.
conclusions : these findings indicate that cilostazol might provide anti-atherosclerotic effects by promoting rct through increased abca1 / g1 expression in macrophages.
study design : prospective study.
setting : university hospital.
subjects and methods : fifty-two healthy subjects were divided into five groups by age.
each group consisted of @number@ subjects in one decade ( except @number@ subjects in the group of @number@ to @number@ years ) .
all subjects underwent vemp testing via gvs with an intensity of @number@ ma for @number@ ms.
fibrillar protein aggregates are the major pathological hallmark of several incurable , age-related , neurodegenerative disorders.
these aggregates typically contain aggregation-prone pathogenic proteins , such as amyloid-beta in alzheimer's disease and alpha-synuclein in parkinson's disease.
it is , however , poorly understood how these aggregates are formed during cellular aging.
inactivation of moag-4 suppresses the formation of compact polyglutamine aggregation intermediates that are required for aggregate formation.
the role of moag-4 in driving aggregation extends to amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein and is evolutionarily conserved in its human orthologs serf1a and serf2.
moag-4 / serf appears to act independently from hsf-1-induced molecular chaperones , proteasomal degradation , and autophagy.
it is unclear , however , whether healthy lifestyle behaviors affect the relation between telomere length and cac.
those with shorter telomeres and these characteristics were not significantly different from those with longer telomeres.
@number@ healthy volunteers , aging from @number@ to @number@ years ( average @number@ ) were recruited.
the data were grouped by gender , blood group and / or genotype.
the difference of plasma vwf level between male and female were analyzed by independent sample t test.
it is concluded that plasma vwf level unrelated with gender but interrelates with abo blood groups.
plasma vwf level in vwf gene a1381t polymorphism with aa mutant is significantly lower than that with ag and gg mutant.
in non-o group , the vwf plasma level in a1381t gene polymorphism with ag mutant is significantly higher than that with aa mutant.
this change may be beneficial to understand some diseases , especially cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotyping characteristics of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) patients in groups of different ages.
immunophenotyping was performed in @number@ all patients by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and cd45 / ssc gating.
there is no significant association of immunophenotypes with ages among different age groups of adult b-all.
this metabolite is subsequently eliminated by renal route while m1 formation will in part depend on ontogeny , i.e. , age-dependent activity and cyp2d6 polymorphisms.
however , these pathways do not mature simultaneously.
results : tramadol plasma time-concentration profile changes with postmenstrual age.
discussion : the phenotypic observations might in part explain unanticipated ( side- ) effects of tramadol.
background : aging produces inevitable changes in the function of most organs including the gastrointestinal tract.
the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aging on icc number and volume in the human stomach and colon.
network volumes were measured using 3d reconstructions of confocal stacks.
the effects of aging were determined by testing for linear trends using regression analysis.
icc size was only affected in the myenteric plexus in the colon.
the changes associated with age were not differentially affected by sex or colonic region.
conclusions & inferences : the number and volume of icc networks in the normal human stomach and colon decline with age.
tissue specimens must be carefully age-matched when studying icc in disease.
purpose : maxillofacial prostheses require enhancement or replacement due to deterioration in their color during service.
the purpose of this study was to investigate color stability of pigmented and nonpigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer exposed to different human and environmental aging conditions.
color change ( δe ) was measured at the start and end of conditioning.
data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance ( anova ) , dunnett's-t3 post hoc , and independent t-tests ( p < @number@ ) .
linear regression was implemented to investigate δe with time for groups @number@ @number@ and @number@
results : six of the seven treatment conditions induced perceivable color change ( δe > @number@ ) .
conclusions : there is inherent color instability of nonpigmented silicone elastomer , which adds to the overall color change of silicone prostheses.
storing silicone elastomer in simulated sebum under light aging induced the greatest color changes.
inherent color instability of nonpigmented facial silicone elastomers primarily contributes to the color degradation of extraoral facial prostheses.
sebaceous skin secretions along with daylight radiation cause the greatest perceivable color change to the silicone and pigment used in this study.
frameworks were divided into four homogeneous groups with ten specimens each.
the statistical analysis of force at fracture data was performed using two-way anova , with the level of significance chosen at @number@
results : neither type of preliminary mechanical damage significantly affected the load-bearing capacity of fdps.
uncontrolled hypertension in older adults is a common yet preventable threat to healthy aging.
improvements in blood pressure ( bp ) control and related health outcomes require innovative approaches that reach beyond the clinical environment.
program design includes monitoring sessions every other week to measure and record participant bp.
bp education is provided using low-literacy materials , and medication adherence is encouraged.
over @number@ months of observation , @number@ participants enrolled ( mean age @number@ ) .
bp control among the treated was @percent@.
areas for program improvement include greater attention to peer counseling and timely communication with participants ' healthcare providers.
volunteer-run , community-based bp monitoring in senior centers may provide an effective , replicable model for reducing bp in older adults.
objectives : to investigate the effects of testosterone supplementation on bone , body composition , muscle , physical function , and safety in older men.
design : double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial.
setting : a major medical institution.
study adherence was @percent@ , with @percent@ of subjects maintaining @percent@ or greater adherence.
testosterone and bioavailable testosterone levels at @number@ months were @number@ ng / dl and @number@ ng / dl , respectively , in the treatment group.
there was an increase in lean mass and a decrease in fat mass in the testosterone group but no differences in strength or physical performance.
there were no differences in safety parameters.
design : cohort study.
setting : community.
participants : three thousand seventy-five participants : mean age @number@ @percent@ caucasian , @percent@ female , @percent@ taking ace-is , @number@ years of follow-up.
these associations were not significant with other cognitive tests , with aceid , or in african americans.
if confirmed in a pharmacogenetic trial , ace-is may be found to have additional cognitive protection in a select group of elderly individuals.
fatigue is a symptom that older persons , especially by those with chronic diseases , frequently experience.
definitions and prevalence of fatigue may vary across studies , across diseases , and even between investigators and patients.
many definitions of fatigue involve a sensation of \ "low \ " energy , suggesting that fatigue could be a disorder of energy balance.
mechanisms probably contributing to fatigue in older adults include decline in mitochondrial function , alterations in brain neurotransmitters , oxidative stress , and inflammation.
the relationships between muscle function and fatigue are complex.
background : vaccination uptake for the aging population in many countries still remains below the world health organization recommended rate.
they shared their experiences of influenza , and influenza vaccination , and promotion of influenza vaccination in focus groups.
the data were collected in @number@
findings : we identified five themes and generated a hypothetical framework for in-depth understanding of vaccination behaviour among older people.
action cues prompting vaccination and vaccine access further affected the vaccine uptake of participants with vaccine preferences.
vaccination coverage was likely to be higher in the countries where normative beliefs in favour of vaccination had formed.
the term frailty describes an age-related state of vulnerable health.
the aetiology of this condition is not well understood.
a number of mechanisms may contribute to frailty.
amongst these is the possible influence of age-related perturbations of sex hormones , particularly , the fall in testosterone in ageing men.
testosterone replacement has therefore been suggested as a possible intervention to treat frailty.
evidence from these studies is considered against study design , methodological issues and in the context of the current understanding of frailty.
the role of androgens in the development of frailty and their utility in treating this condition are evaluated.
future research directions for the use of androgens in the treatment of frailty are suggested.
background and objective : the correction of soft tissue contour defects and dermal atrophy is a growing area driven by medical and aesthetic need.
deterioration of the skin's appearance occurs as a result of age and trauma , such as surgery , infections , and acne.
typically , imperfections are treated with volume-correcting fillers.
results : mean investigator satisfaction was @number@ ( range @number@.7-9.5 ) at @number@ weeks and @number@ ( range @number@.4-9.8 ) at @number@ weeks.
subject satisfaction scores were @number@ ( range @date@ @number@ ) at @number@ weeks and @number@ ( range @date@ @number@ ) at @number@ weeks.
all patients experienced adverse events , the majority of which were deemed treatment related.
most were mild to moderate in severity and resolved completely.
conclusion : this study demonstrated that allogeneic hdf can produce an improvement in aesthetic appearance with minimal adverse events and warrants further investigation and development.
intercytex provided financial support for this study.
john roberts is an employee of intercytex.
over-represented in the ashkenazi jewish population , these mutations are transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with age-dependent reduced penetrance.
the natural history and penetrance of these mutations in the elderly is controversial and inadequately studied.
we conducted a nested cohort study in a community-based aging study ( the einstein aging study ) .
we matched five noncarrier controls to each nmc and followed them for an average of @number@ years with annual cognitive and motor examinations.
pd was identified in one nmc at age @number@ and in no control subjects.
the remaining carriers did not differ from controls on motor scores at baseline or follow-up.
there are several key areas in which treatment could be improved to reduce the incidence and severity of hand.
the current study begins the exploration of relationship-defining memories ( i.e. , the first time someone met their spouse ) across adulthood.
data were collected online.
results indicate that individuals over @number@ and those younger than @number@ rehearsed relationship-defining memories most often.
women in midlife also reported more vivid memories.
the quality of relationship-defining memories also predicted marital satisfaction.
relationship-defining memories that were more vivid , positive , emotionally intense , and rehearsed related to higher marital satisfaction.
age and gender differences were minimal.
why , after @number@ years of intensive research , is adherence to treatment still an issue ?
this paper suggests a possible solution to an apparently unsolvable problem : reconceptualizing adherence.
when they spoke about adherence , nurses presented an idealized image of the nurse-patient relationship , namely , the caring nurse and the trustful patient.
however , this idealization cannot be reduced only to questions of power and paternalism.
background : there are few reports on the age-specific clinical features of upper cervical spine injury.
to identify these age-specific changes , we reviewed @number@ patients with upper cervical spine injury.
results : the proportion of patients with a simple fall as the etiology of their injury showed a statistically significant trend to increase with aging.
although no specific distribution or pattern of injury was statistically elucidated , we were able to detect some common features.
a high proportion of the old elderly group ( @date@ ) had a type ii odontoid fracture.
in adolescents , a traffic accident as an unbelted rear seat passenger was the most frequent etiology.
among the @number@ patients , @number@ died during the initial hospitalization.
the mortality rate for upper cervical spine injury was similar in all groups.
the disproportion of degenerative change in joints of the upper cervical spine might also contribute to the high frequency of type ii odontoid fracture.
in young adults , high-energy and hyperextension injury was the most frequent cause of upper cervical spine injury.
methods : we used real-time quantitative pcr to examine the gene expression profiles in cumulus cells acquired from older and younger age groups.
we selected @number@ genes involved in three functions that directly affect cellular aging : cell cycle control , apoptosis , and metabolism.
in good-quality embryos , ckb expression was higher in the cumulus cells acquired from both older and younger age groups than in poor-quality embryos.
conclusions : these potential relationships among cumulus cell gene expression , oocyte quality , and age may expand our understanding of oogenesis and embryo development.
ckb and prdx2 may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the developmental potential of oocytes.
cd28 costimulatory signal transduction in t lymphocytes is essential for optimal telomerase activity , stabilization of cytokine mrnas , and glucose metabolism.
moreover , the abundance of these cells correlates with decreased vaccine responsiveness , early mortality in the very old , and accelerated hiv disease progression.
hepatic progenitor cells ( hpc ) appear in a variety of liver diseases.
their occurrence in chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) remains unclear , and triggering factors have to be elucidated.
the presence of hpc in chc was examined in relation to histological and virological parameters and patient age.
fifty liver biopsies of hcv-infected patients were examined.
the presence of hpc was evaluated by immunohistochemical expression of keratin @number@ ( k7 ) .
double immunostaining with k7 and cell proliferation marker ki-67 was undertaken.
ductular reaction at the limiting plate , mean number of isolated progenitor cells ( ipc ) and isolated ductular structures ( ids ) were quantified.
the predominant distribution pattern of ipc and ids and the presence of k7 ( + ) hepatocytes were registered.
prominent ductular reaction and increased numbers of ipc and ids correlated significantly with older age and severe fibrosis / cirrhosis.
the above hpc subtypes were not proliferating.
intraparenchymal distribution pattern correlated with younger age , lobular activity , and early fibrosis stage.
hpc activation in chc is a common but diverse phenomenon closely related to patient age and hepatitis stage.
nocturia is one of the most common reasons for interrupted sleep in general adult population.
the condition affects both men and women , with an incidence that increases dramatically with age.
nocturia has a negative impact on quality of life , affecting both morbidity and mortality.
nocturia is a common complaint in elderly population.
effective diagnosis of the condition is dependent on a clear understanding of its underlying etiology.
multiple factors may cause nocturia , such as behavioral or environmental factors and pathologic conditions.
in general , the causes of nocturia fall into three categories : diurnal polyuria , nocturnal polyuria , and low bladder capacity.
careful evaluation of medications and underlying medical conditions is essential for the proper management of nocturia.
a voiding diary is necessary to diagnose the syndrome of nocturnal polyuria , which is a common cause of nocturia.
addressing any underlying conditions that contribute to nocturia is the first step in treating the condition.
lifestyle and behavioral changes may provide benefit in some individuals , but for many cases , pharmacotherapy is the best option.
antimuscarinic agents are first-line therapies for overactive bladder and are often used in the management of nocturia.
current treatment options also include desmopressin , a synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin , which can increase urinary osmolality and decrease total urinary volume.
water immersion-induced skin wrinkling ( wisw ) is dependent on intact peripheral sympathetic function.
wisw was hypothesized to reflect autonomic function in subjects without peripheral neuropathy.
we prospectively studied @number@ healthy subjects ( aged @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ females ) without cardiovascular risk factors or neurological disease.
all subjects underwent short-term heart rate variability ( hrv ) studies.
time and frequency domain variables were derived including the hrv index.
on multivariate analysis using the hrv index , wisw was independently related to height and the hrv index.
we conclude that wisw is related to central autonomic function.
the risk of sustaining a fall is particularly high in children and seniors.
deficits in postural control and muscle strength either due to maturation , secular declines or biologic aging are two important intrinsic risk factors for falls.
there is evidence that particularly balance and resistance training are effective in counteracting these neuromuscular constraints in both children and seniors.
further , these training regimens are able to reduce the rate of sustaining injuries and falls in these age groups.
however , its high prevalence of ~5%in the caucasian population might be related to an unknown evolutionary advantage.
the corpus callosum changes structurally throughout life , but most dramatically during childhood and adolescence.
even so , existing studies of callosal development tend to use parcellation schemes that may not capture the complex spatial profile of anatomical changes.
thus , more detailed mapping of callosal growth processes is desirable to create a normative reference.
this will help to relate and interpret other structural , functional , and behavioral measurements , both from healthy subjects and pediatric patients.
we applied computational surface-based mesh-modeling methods to analyze callosal morphology at extremely high spatial resolution.
the temporally distinct changes in callosal thickness are likely to be a consequence of varying degrees of axonal myelination , redirection , and pruning.
alternating phases of callosal growth and shrinkage may reflect a permanent adjustment and fine-tuning of fibers connecting homologous cortical areas during childhood and adolescence.
thin-section ct can demonstrate very early disease , sometimes in individuals without symptoms or pulmonary function test abnormalities.
alternative gene splicing is pervasive in metazoa , particularly in humans , where the majority of genes generate splice variant transcripts.
these results demonstrate the validity of the phylogenetic conservation approach in elucidating the biological significance of alternative splicing.
it is also uncertain whether these women differ from their peers in the hormonal or metabolic profile.
the effect of age on prevalence of pco was assessed.
serum hormones and metabolic measures were compared between women meeting each element of the rotterdam criterion and those without pco using age-adjusted linear regressions.
results : the prevalence of pco by afc was @percent@ and decreased with age.
however , slightly higher body mass index and waist circumference were the only metabolic differences.
women with pco by volume had higher anti-müllerian hormone and free androgen index but did not differ in any other hormonal or metabolic parameter.
discussion : pco is a common , age-dependent finding among ovulatory women.
these women lack the metabolic abnormalities seen in pco syndrome.
isolated pco in an ovulatory woman is not an indication for metabolic evaluation.
in medical studies , endpoints are often measured for each patient longitudinally.
the mixed-effects model has been a useful tool for the analysis of such data.
there are situations in which the parameters of the model are subject to some restrictions or constraints.
for example , in hearing loss studies , we expect hearing to deteriorate with time.
this means that hearing thresholds which reflect hearing acuity will , on average , increase over time.
therefore , the regression coefficients associated with the mean effect of time on hearing ability will be constrained.
such constraints should be accounted for in the analysis.
the proposed methods improve , in terms of mean square error , on the unconstrained estimators.
in some settings , the improvement may be substantial.
hypotheses testing procedures that incorporate the constraints are developed.
specifically , likelihood ratio , wald , and score tests are proposed and investigated.
their empirical significance levels and power are studied using simulations.
it is shown that incorporating the constraints improves the mean squared error of the estimates and the power of the tests.
these improvements may be substantial.
the methodology is used to analyze a hearing loss study.
menadione is a metabolite of vitamin k that is excreted in urine.
the standard calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient ( r ( @number@ ) ) of @number@ for both menadione and mk-2.
the lower limit of quantification ( lloq ) was @number@.3pmole menadione / ml urine.
sample preparation involved hydrolysis of menadiol conjugates and oxidizing the released menadiol to menadione.
using this method , urinary menadione was shown to increase in response to @number@ years of phylloquinone supplementation.
this hplc method is a sensitive and reproducible way to detect menadione in urine.
among them , postmortem biochemistry is important to investigate the systemic pathophysiological changes involved in the dying process that cannot be detected by morphology.
objective : to investigate the association between age at menarche and age at menopause among brazilian women.
the final study population consisted of @number@ women.
participants completed a self-administered multidimensional questionnaire.
median ages at natural menopause and the survival curves were estimated by the kaplan-meier method.
to estimate the association between age at menarche and age at natural menopause , a cox semi-parametric model was fitted.
results : natural menopause occurred in @number@ women.
the median and mode for natural menopause were @number@ and @number@ years of age , respectively.
conclusion : in the current study , the hypothesis of an association between age at menarche and age at natural menopause was not confirmed.
reduced dna repair capacity may play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) etiology.
our results did not show any differences in the frequency of xrcc1 gene polymorphisms between als patients and controls free of any neurological disease.
the importance of the endocrine environment in the initiation of the ageing process has been elucidated in several in vivo and in vitro studies.
moreover , the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases such as epithelial skin cancer and neurodegenerative diseases has been partly attributed to the lack of hormones.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia in the aging population.
this therapeutic void in part reflects an incomplete understanding of the biochemical pathogenesis of this disease.
model organisms , including invertebrates , have been extensively utilized to gain insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties.
systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that results in nephritis and subsequent destruction of renal microstructure.
we investigated whether transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mscs ( umscs ) is useful in alleviating lupus nephritis in a murine model.
it was found that umscs transplantation significantly delayed the development of proteinuria , decreased anti-dsdna , alleviated renal injury , and prolonged the life span.
the in vitro coculture experiments showed that umscs only inhibited lymphocytes and splenocytes proliferation but not mesangial cells.
long-term engraftment of umscs in the kidney was not observed either.
therapeutic effects demonstrated in this preclinical study support further exploration of the possibility to use umscs from mismatched donors in lupus nephritis treatment.
this study attempted to evaluate dental myths , oral hygiene methods and beliefs , and tobacco habits present in a rural ageing population.
the sample comprised @number@ people aged @number@ years or above.
mean values , standard deviation , chi-square test , t-test and p values were used to obtain inter-group comparisons.
conclusion : the results showed that the rural ageing population is deprived and a targeted programme to spread scientific dental practices to them is necessary.
methods : one hundred fifty-two postmenopausal women participated in a smoking cessation study using the nicotine patch.
bc was assessed using a general electric lunar dxa iq machine.
multivariate analysis of covariance ( mancova ) assessed changes in bc in quitters vs. continued smokers between baseline and @number@ months of follow-up.
increases in bc measures were evaluated as a function of increased calorie intake or change in physical activity , using linear regression.
regression analysis indicated change in bc could not be accounted for by calorie intake or physical activity.
conclusions : smoking cessation may be associated with increased fat and muscle mass in postmenopausal women.
the novel finding of an increase in functional muscle mass suggests that smoking cessation could increase functional capacity.
further studies need to replicate these findings and examine mechanisms of these effects.
we compared the benefits of repeated testing and repeated study on cued recall of unfamiliar face-name pairs in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
when participants were given feedback in experiment @number@ both middle-aged and older adults benefited from repeated testing.
we suggest that for face-name pairs , feedback may be particularly important for individuals who have relatively poor memory to produce benefits from repeated testing.
lowering the presentation level of the l-span task had a greater detrimental effect on the older adults than on the younger ones.
furthermore , the relationship between sensory acuity and l-span performance varied as a function of age and presentation level.
these results suggest that declining acuity plays an important explanatory role in age-related declines in cognitive abilities.
in @number@ studies , we investigated age effects in the ability to recognize dynamic posed and spontaneous smiles.
mixed stimuli ( i.e. , a mixture of young and older adult faces ) may impact accurate smile discrimination.
in future research , both the sources ( cues ) and behavioral effects of age-related differences in the discrimination of positive expressions should be investigated.
overall , accuracy and confidence jointly influence age-related changes to destination memory , a fundamental component of successful communication.
next , participants performed another go / nogo task.
a previous number was reused as a nogo stimulus and the other as a go stimulus , with new numbers serving as a baseline.
alternative accounts of these differential transfer costs are discussed.
purpose : the physical mobility scale ( pms ) is used to evaluate the functional ability of aged adults.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the pms using residents of a long-term care facility.
methods : seventy participants who were permanent residents of a long-term care facility were recruited for this study.
to determine minimal detectable changes at the @percent@ confidence level ( mdc95 ) , each participant was assessed using the pms on @number@ occasions.
to determine the clinically important difference , participants were also tested on @number@ separate occasions @number@ months apart.
the treating physical therapist then used a 7-point likert scale to rate the participants ' change in function.
results : intrarater reliability for the pre- and post-pms scores for all @number@ participants was excellent ( intraclass correlational coefficients = @number@ ) .
at the individual level , the mdc95 was @number@ points.
at the group level , the mdc95 for the @number@ participants was @number@ points.
conclusions : the psychometric properties of the pms in an aging adult population of long-term residents are excellent , demonstrating good reliability and responsiveness.
these results also offer some support to the validity of the pms in this patient population.
participation in regular exercise appears to preserve functional status and may minimize the rate of functional decline.
purpose : this quasi-experimental study evaluated the longitudinal impact of regular participation in a wellness exercise program on functional status of residents in assisted living.
methods : thirty-six aging adults participating in a multimodal wellness program were evaluated on enrollment and after @number@ months of participation.
falls over @number@ months were determined by tracking annual reported incidence of falls.
subjects were classified as \ "regular \ " or \ "nonregular \ " exercisers on the basis of participation frequency and adherence.
chi-square analysis and analysis of variance were used to screen for initial differences between groups.
repeated-measures analysis of variance evaluated differences in cognitive status , falls , and functional measures between groups at annual reassessment.
results : mean age ( sd ) of participants was @number@ ( @number@ ) years ( range = 72-96 years ) .
there were no differences between groups at the time of enrollment.
at annual reassessment , regular exercisers demonstrated better preservation of functional status and a lower rate of falling than nonregular exercisers.
this article examines the assessment of acute pain in older people , as well as different approaches to and challenges in pain management.
osteopenia and osteoporosis are increasingly common in cancer patients , owing to the aging of the population and to new forms of cancer treatment.
androgen and estrogen deprivation , as well as some forms of cytotoxic chemotherapy , may lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis.
patients at risk for osteoporosis include those treated with aromatase inhibitors and with androgen deprivation for more than @number@ year.
several treatments have been effective in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
in patients at risk for this complication , it is recommended to obtain a bone density evaluation and to start appropriate treatment.
social support has been shown to buffer the relationship between life stress and psychological distress in late life.
however , little attention has been paid to personality variables that are associated with the capacity to effectively utilize social support.
implications for developing more complex models of the relationship between stress , social support and psychological distress are discussed.
the potential mediating roles of perceived social support and perception of control were also explored.
participants were @number@ adults aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
in contrast , perception of control was found to mediate the relationship between optimism and psychological well-being , but not subjective wellbeing.
longitudinal research is needed to confirm these pathways.
the activities created by maria montessori seem to be adaptable to this clientele.
this study evaluates the short-term effects , as compared to regular activities offered in the milieu.
results : the results show that montessori activities have a significant effect on affect and on participation in the activity.
drawing on personal construct theory , viney ( @number@ ) observes increasing integration of constructions of self with others across the lifespan.
older adults also described the self as more similar to others and tended to describe the self more positively.
the age groups did not differ in measures of psychological distress or well being with the exception of older adults describing more autonomy.
purpose : to evaluate the effect of oxalate during total-etch bonding , under different dentin moisture conditions , over time.
the null hypothesis tested was that microtensile bond strength ( microtbs ) was not affected by oxalate treatment and dentin moisture during two evaluation periods.
methods : extracted human third molars had their mid-coronal dentin exposed flat and polished with 600-grit sic paper.
the surfaces were etched with @percent@ phosphoric acid for @number@ seconds , washed and blot dried.
after etching , a @percent@ potassium oxalate gel was applied for @number@ seconds , except for the control group ( no desensitizer ) .
the surface was then washed and left moist ( wet bonding ) or air-dried for @number@ seconds ( dry bonding ) .
composite buildups were constructed incrementally with tetric ceram resin composite.
each increment was cured for @number@ seconds.
they were then tested in tension in an instron machine at @number@ mm / minute.
data were analyzed by anova and student-newman-keuls at alpha = @number@
lower bond strength was obtained for pbnt when a dry-bonding technique was used , regardless of the oxalate treatment ( p < @number@ ) .
after aging the specimens for @number@ year , bond strengths decreased.
smaller reductions were observed for sbmp , regardless of moisture conditions.
for the wb technique , smaller reductions after @number@ year were observed without oxalate treatment for sb and after oxalate treatment for pbnt.
previous studies have shown that both young and older subjects adapt their reaches in response to a visuomotor distortion.
on estimation trials , subjects moved their hand along a robot-generated constrained pathway.
at the end of the movement , a reference marker appeared and subjects indicated if their hand was left or right of the marker.
results indicated that all subjects adapted their reaches at a similar rate and to the same extent across the reaching trials.
the leftward shift in both young and older subjects ' estimates was in the same direction and a third of the extent of adapted movement.
thus , we propose that proprioceptive recalibration combines with adapted sensorimotor mappings to produce changes in reaching movements.
the identification of these mechanisms has been facilitated by pharmacological studies and has opened new possibilities for pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of brain disorders.
effects of skin wrinkling were studied independently or while coupled with age-related mechanical property changes.
compression and shear with wetness produced the highest skin surface loads.
volumetric exposure of aged skin to potentially injurious shear stresses was six times greater than in the young skin for these conditions.
deeper wrinkles caused elevated loads in the sc consistently for all outcome measures and independently of the age factor.
thinning and / or stiffening the sc increased both the surface and internal sc stresses.
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many degenerative diseases and in aging.
this critical review discusses the chemistry of these nanomaterials and the context in which their radical scavenging activities have been studied in biological model systems.
current studies are focused on determining the uptake , metabolism , distribution , toxicity and fate of these nanomaterials in cell and animal model systems.
trained interviewers collected data on selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics , lifestyle habits and other personal and familial factors.
information on diet was collected through an interviewer-administered , reproducible and validated food-frequency questionnaire.
we computed a mediterranean diet score ( mds ) on the basis of nine a priori defined peculiar characteristics of the mediterranean dietary pattern.
conclusions : in this population , adherence to the mediterranean diet showed no significant change over the last @number@ years.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions affecting the elderly population.
the effectiveness of approved antidementia drugs , however , is limited-licensed ad medications provide only moderate relief of clinical symptoms.
cognitive intervention is a noninvasive therapy that could aid prevention and treatment of ad.
data suggest that specifically designed cognitive interventions could impart therapeutic benefits to patients with ad that are associated with substantial biological changes within the brain.
moreover , evidence indicates that a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions could provide greater relief of clinical symptoms than either intervention given alone.
recent findings : technology use varied in type and extent of use across the different areas that have been reviewed.
telepsychiatry , internet-delivered therapy programs and bright-light therapy were used in managing symptoms associated with depression.
in psychosis , multisensory therapy , reminiscence and virtual cognitive stimulation showed some benefits.
by far , dementia technology received the most research attention.
benefits in this population included reductions in behavioural and psychological symptoms and carer burden and increased independence , task engagement and safety.
summary : research in the use of low and high technology in late-life mental disorders continues to evolve in its scope and innovation.
frontotemporal dementia is associated with profound changes in behavior , personality , emotions , and cognition.
the purpose of this article is to describe @number@ cases of patients with ftd to illustrate salient aspects of the caregiving experience.
examples of interventions directed by advanced practice nurses are described.
we suggest that management of ftd requires expertise as scientific advances and discoveries about ftd continually change the landscape of care.
the following review focuses on the roles that autophagy plays in response to the ros generated in several diseases.
resveratrol ( rvt ) is a naturally occurring trihydroxy stilbene that displays a wide spectrum of physiological activity.
its ability to behave therapeutically as a component of red wine has attracted wide attention.
the phenol acts as a protective agent involving various body constituents.
most attention has been given to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer , aging , cardiovascular system , inflammation and the central nervous system.
one of the principal modes of action appears to be as antioxidant.
other mechanistic pathways entail cell signaling , apoptosis and gene expression.
there is an intriguing dichotomy in relation to pro-oxidant property.
also discussed are metabolism , receptor binding , rationale for safety and suggestions for future work.
this is the first comprehensive review of rvt based on a broad , unifying mechanism.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide perform important signaling functions in many physiological and pathophysiological processes.
among several theories , oxidative stress / free radical theory offers the best mechanistic elucidation of the aging process and other age -related phenomenon.
studies using inulin , cr-51-edta , tc-dtpa or iohexol assays as the gold standard were included.
methods : we searched the pubmed and embase databases.
articles found were screened first by title and abstract and then by five criteria.
retained articles were scored using an adapted version of quadas.
results : twelve articles had an identified population or subpopulation aged @number@ years and older.
the studies were heterogeneous with regard to the population investigated and the statistical procedures used to compare the methods and equations with the gold standard.
the cockcroft-gault ( cg ) and mdrd equations and the serum cystatin c concentration produced the highest correlations with the gold standard.
conclusions : no accurate method to evaluate renal function in the elderly was found.
serum cystatin c concentration and the cg and mdrd formula might be valuable parameters , although there is insufficient evidence.
in previous studies , extract from artocarpus incisus's heartwood ( breadfruit tree ) had antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities.
we found that the extract at a concentration of @number@ microg / ml significantly enhanced percent viability and proliferation of wrinkled-skin fibroblasts.
flow cytometry showed that a @number@.6-fold increased proportion of the wrinkled-skin fibroblasts were in their cell cycle s-phase , indicating increased proliferation.
type i procollagen synthesis by wrinkled-skin fibroblasts was augmented by the extract.
nonwrinkled-skin fibroblasts had higher synthesis and were unaffected by the extract.
mmp-1 secretion was greater for wrinkled-skin fibroblasts , but the extract decreased its secretion for both fi broblasts samples.
fibroblasts were incorporated in collagen lattice disks.
lattices with nonwrinkled-skin fibroblasts contracted uniformly by @percent@ after a three-day culture and the extract had little effect.
however , wrinkled-skin fi broblast lattices failed to show appreciable contractions ( to @percent@ after three days ) .
but remarkably , the extract conferred an ability of the wrinkled-skin fibroblast lattices to fully contract ( to @percent@ ) .
this shows that wrinkled-skin fi broblasts have the ability to reorganize collagen but that the extract can reactivate this latent potential.
wild plum imparts optical brightness and fluorescence and can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
skin appearance before and after application of wild plum compounds demonstrated an improved appearance of skin including a decreased number of wrinkles.
background : prediction of long-term survival in healthy adults requires recognition of features that serve as early indicators of successful aging.
a total of @number@ phenotypic measures were screened to determine which were of most value for prediction of long-term ( 19-year ) survival.
a 13-variable model with strong predictive performance was generated using a forward search strategy ( mean auc = @number@ ) .
age-sensitive components of this model may be of value as biomarkers in human studies that evaluate anti-aging interventions.
objectives : observations of minimal pathophysiological changes in the liver with healthy aging represent the rationale for expanding the donor pool with older donors.
however , a debate exists for their upper age limit.
the aim of this study is to examine the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplants from older patients ( > or = @number@ years ) .
alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity to co2 , an index of cerebrovascular function , have been associated with increased risk of stroke.
we hypothesised that cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired with increasing age and in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
in cad patients , at rest and during hypercapnia , cerebral oxygenation was lower ( p < @number@ vs. young ) .
in cad patients , additional reductions in cerebral oxygenation may place them at additional risk of cerebral ischaemia.
recently , endoscopic procedures including surgery , intervention , and examination have been widely performed.
medical practitioners are required to record the procedures precisely in order to check the procedures retrospectively and to get the legally reliable record.
we installed this system into the bronchoscopy room and have experienced its benefit.
under this system , we can get bronchoscopic image , bronchoscopy room view , and patient's data simultaneously.
we can check the quality of the bronchoscopic procedures retrospectively , which is useful for bronchoscopy staff training.
medical forensic system should be installed in any kind of endoscopic procedures.
background : peanut allergy is relatively common among children in developed countries and may have severe outcomes , including anaphylaxis.
however , few data about peanut allergy in developing countries are available.
meanwhile , formulated foods with peanuts as a major ingredient are being promoted to prevent and control malnutrition in developing countries.
methods : publications relevant to peanut allergy were searched via pubmed , and prevalence and etiological factors of peanut allergy were reviewed.
results : data about peanut allergy were scarce in most developing countries.
however , plans for treatment of individuals with peanut allergy could be incorporated into these formulated food supplementation programs.
however , more conclusive data are needed to verify or disprove these hypotheses.
however , more research about prevalence of peanut allergy is warranted in developing countries.
objective : to evaluate whether prenatal dha supplementation increases gestational age and birth size.
methods : we conducted a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial in cuernavaca , mexico.
birth outcomes ( @number@ live births and @number@ stillbirths ) were ascertained from hospital records within @number@ hours of delivery.
conclusions : prenatal dha supplementation of primigravid women may result in increased birth size in a population where dietary dha intakes are very low.
benefits of the intervention on infant health and neurodevelopment are under study.
young , fit individuals may experience exertional heat stroke while performing strenuous physical activity in temperate or hot climates.
factors that predispose to heat stroke collapse include pre-existing illness , cardiovascular disease , drug use , and poor fitness level.
for decades the magnitude of the hyperthermic response in heat stroke patients was considered the primary determinant of morbidity and mortality.
currently heat stroke is a more preventable than treatable condition , and novel therapeutics are required to improve patient outcome.
roles in development , sexual differentiation , and long-term neuronal survival have been suggested.
mutations in the grn gene resulting in partial loss of the encoded pgrn protein cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin immunoreactive inclusions.
an aged series of grn-deficient and wild-type mice were compared by histology , immunohistochemistry , and electron microscopy.
although grn-deficient mice were viable , grn ( - / - ) mice were produced at lower than predicted frequency.
background : increasingly , researchers have begun to explore pathways through which psychosocial factors might influence cardiovascular disease , with some emphasis on early markers.
we were particularly interested in determining whether the association between psychosocial factors and aortic pulse wave velocity differed for older blacks compared with whites.
methods : participants were @number@ ( @percent@ black and @percent@ female ) older adults from the health , aging , and body composition study.
carotid-femoral aortic pulse wave velocity was assessed using standard methodologies.
depressive symptoms , anxiety symptoms , negative life events , and inadequate emotional support were assessed , and a summary psychosocial risk index was created.
this association persisted after adjusting for demographics , cardiovascular risk factors , and social network characteristics.
conclusions : findings suggest that older blacks may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of inadequate emotional support on vascular health.
interventions aimed at increasing social support among this population might be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
objective : to investigate the relationship between clinical markers of ovarian reserve and the true ovarian reserve as determined by the ovarian primordial follicle number.
design : prospective investigation.
setting : academic medical center.
patient ( s ) : forty-two healthy women ( aged 26-52 years ) undergoing oophorectomy for benign gynecologic indications.
all measurements were obtained within @number@ weeks of surgery , irrespective of cycle day.
ovarian primordial follicle count was then determined using a validated fractionator / optical disector method.
main outcome measure ( s ) : univariate and partial correlations between ovarian reserve markers and ovarian primordial follicle count.
our results showed that @percent@ of subjects were diagnosed with pd during life but that @percent@ had blbd at autopsy.
synuclein is a soluble , natively unfolded protein that is highly enriched in the presynaptic terminals of neurons in the central nervous system.
interest in -synuclein has increased markedly following the discovery of a relationship between its dysfunction and several neurodegenerative diseases , including parkinson's disease.
the physiological functions of -synuclein remain to be fully defined , although recent data suggest a role in regulating membrane stability and neuronal plasticity.
tyrosine @number@ phosphorylation diminishes during the normal aging process in both humans and flies.
notably , cortical tissue from patients with parkinson's disease-related synucleinopathy dementia with lewy bodies showed less phosphorylation at tyr125.
while phosphorylation at ser87 is enhanced in synucleinopathies , it inhibits -synuclein oligomerization , and influences synuclein-membrane interactions.
emerging evidence indicates that stimulus novelty is affectively potent and reliably engages the amygdala and other portions of the affective workspace in the brain.
nineteen young and @number@ older healthy adults were scanned during observing novel and familiar affective pictures while estimating their own subjectively experienced aroused levels.
we investigated age-related difference of magnitude of activation , hemodynamic time course , and functional connectivity of bold responses in the amygdala.
these findings have relevance for understanding age-related differences in memory and affect regulation.
aging is frequently characterized by the accumulation of altered proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria.
it is also suggested that functional mitochondria are essentially antiaging agents , while their dysfunction or inactivity accelerate ros formation and aging.
increased synthesis of glutathione , humanin , and mitochondrial chaperone proteins are other additional consequences of increased mitogenesis and which would help ensure proteostasis.
a number of factors complicate treating pain in the elderly.
first , the cause of pain is often a condition that is typically not reversible.
second , effective treatment can be hampered by side effects of medications and complications from polypharmacy.
furthermore , depression , behavioral changes , and cognitive impairment commonly complicate therapy and make assessment more difficult.
models for safe and effective approaches to treating pain in older adults exist , but treatments must still be tailored for each individual's needs.
the goal of this paper was to review specific considerations for balancing efficacy and safety in the pharmacologic treatment of persistent pain in older adults.
results : scull stripping and the extraction of the hippocampus data created a computerized model.
discussion : mri analysis techniques can be applied when comparing mri data to autopsy results.
using the combination of this autopsy and mri data , this study will make it possible to estimate in vivo states.
results indicated that patients with ad and a-mci generated significantly less physical features and semantic biographical knowledge about famous persons than did normal control participants.
additionally , significant differences were observed between a-mci and ad patients in all tasks.
the present findings confirm recent studies reporting semantic memory impairment in mci.
moreover , the current findings show that mental imagery is lowered in a-mci and ad and is likely related to the early semantic impairment.
we present normative data from a large population-based sample of centenarians for several brief , global neurocognitive tasks amenable for frail elders.
comparative data from octogenarians are included.
descriptive statistics and normative ranges ( unweighted and population-weighted ) are provided by age cohort.
additional statistics are provided by education level.
while most previous centenarian studies have used convenience samples , ours is population-based and likely more valid for comparison in applied settings.
results suggest centenarians look different than do even the oldest age range of most normative aging datasets ( e.g. , 85-90 ) .
results support using global measures of neurocognition to describe cognitive status in the oldest old , and we provide normative comparisons to do so.
testicular volume rapidly increases during puberty and peaks at age @number@ years.
subsequently , the volume of the testes stabilizes in a plateau-like manner until age @number@ years.
after age @number@ years , this study shows that testicular volume decreases significantly.
testicular glucose metabolism increases until age @number@ years , after which it declines gradually over time at a constant rate.
conclusion : testicular volume and metabolism appear to be significantly affected by advancing age at different rates during the different stages of lifespan.
between ages @number@ and @number@ years , testicular volume and metabolism remain relatively constant with only a minimal decline.
after age of @number@ years , the testicular volume significantly declines , while testicular metabolism progressively declines until age @number@ years.
background : background levels of metals of toxicological or industrial importance have been reported for several populations in the world.
the information on the levels of metals of industrial , occupational or clinical importance in blood of general japanese populations is however still scarce.
for this purpose , women , rather than men , were studied to minimize the effect of smoking.
an additional objective was to examine possible contamination from devices in phlebotomy process.
ultra pure water samples aspirated into blood sampling vacuum tubes were analyzed to detect possible metal contamination.
cd and pb tended to increase in association with age , whereas cr , mn and ni tended to decrease.
smoking induced elevation both in cd and in pb in blood.
limitation in compatibility was discussed between the results by icp-sf-ms and that by traditional graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
conclusions : icp-sf-ms is a reliable method of blood analysis for cd , mn and pb even for the evaluation on an individual basis.
cr and ni analyses should be reliable on a group basis , probably due to limited performance inherent to the analysis principle and matrix.
possible contamination from phlebotomy devices with cr should be taken into account in evaluating the results.
accelerated leukocyte telomere shortening has been previously associated to self-perceived stress and psychiatric disorders , including schizophrenia and mood disorders.
we set out to investigate whether telomere length is affected in patients with anxiety disorders in which stress is a known risk factor.
we also studied the effects of childhood and recent psychological distress on telomere length.
childhood chronic or serious illness was the most significantly associated single event affecting telomere length at the adult age ( p = @number@ ) .
self-reported current psychological distress did not affect telomere length.
our results suggest that childhood stress might lead to accelerated telomere shortening seen at the adult age.
this finding has potentially important implications supporting the view that childhood adversities might have a considerable impact on well being later in life.
however , not all people under stress have distinctly short telomeres , and we examined whether exercise can serve a stress-buffering function.
participants completed the perceived stress scale ( cohen et al. , @number@ ) , and for three successive days reported daily minutes of vigorous activity.
participants were categorized into two groups-sedentary and active ( those getting centers for disease control-recommended daily amount of activity ) .
the likelihood of having short versus long telomeres was calculated as a function of stress and exercise group , covarying age , bmi and education.
logistic regression analyses revealed a significant moderating effect of exercise.
discussion : vigorous physical activity appears to protect those experiencing high stress by buffering its relationship with tl.
we propose pathways through which physical activity acts to buffer stress effects.
women live longer than men.
yet , it is believed that men do not age faster than women but simply are weaker at every age.
in contrast , i discuss that men age faster.
from evolutionary perspective , high accidental death rate in young males is compatible with fast aging.
mechanistically , hyper-activated mtor ( target of rapamycin ) may render young males robust at the cost of accelerated aging.
but if women age slower , why then is it women who have menopause ?
some believe that menopause is programmed and purposeful ( grandmother theory ) .
this quasi-program causes over-activation of female reproductive system , which is very vulnerable to over-activation.
mechanisms of aging and menopause are discussed.
werner syndrome is an inherited human progeriod syndrome caused by mutations in the gene encoding the werner syndrome protein , wrn.
the dna-pk complex also functions in both dna double strand break repair and telomere maintenance.
this study analyzes thein vitro and in vivo interaction at the telomere between wrn and dna-pkcs , the catalytic subunit of dna-pk.
in addition , the length of telomeric g-tails decreases in dna-pkcs knockdown cells , and this phenotype is reversed by overexpression of wrn helicase.
these results suggest that wrn and dna-pkcs may cooperatively prevent g-tail shortening in vivo.
until now , only an english version of the mcq has been psychometrically evaluated.
the aim of the present study was to establish a dutch version of the mcq and evaluate its psychometric properties.
the results showed that the factor structure of the dutch version of the mcq corresponded well with that of the english version of the mcq.
the reliabilities of the scales of the dutch version of the mcq were all high ( all cronbach's αs ≥ @number@ ) .
demographic variables ( especially age and gender ) affected most of the mcq scale scores.
health disparities among native hawaiian kupuna ( elders ) continues to be a major health issue.
a qualitative design was used with in-depth interviews conducted with @number@ native hawaiian kupuna and five native hawaiian health care providers.
background : b-vitamin deficiencies have been associated with depression ; however , there is very little prospective evidence from population-based studies of older adults.
dietary assessment was made by food-frequency questionnaire.
there was no association between depressive symptoms and food intakes of these vitamins or folate.
these associations remained after adjustment for smoking , alcohol use , widowhood , caregiving status , cognitive function , physical disability , and medical conditions.
for all four parameters , the pcas revealed a single general factor explaining approximately @percent@ of the individual differences across all eight tracts.
individual tracts showed no associations beyond what the common integrity factor explained.
therefore , impaired cortical connection is substantially a global process affecting various major tracts simultaneously.
the insulin receptor exists as two isoforms , ir-a and ir-b , which result from alternative splicing of exon @number@ in the primary transcript.
these two isoforms show a cell-specific distribution , and their relative proportions also vary during development , aging , and in different disease states.
in this study , we describe a new intronic splicing element within intron @number@ that is highly conserved across species.
using minigenes carrying deletion mutations within intron @number@ we demonstrated that this sequence functions as an intronic splicing enhancer.
we subsequently used rna affinity chromatography to identify mbnl1 as a splicing factor that recognizes this enhancer.
by ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation , we also established that mbnl1 binds specifically to the insr ( insulin receptor gene ) rna.
overexpression or knockdown of mbnl1 in hepatoma and embryonic kidney cells altered the levels of exon @number@ inclusion.
finally , we showed that deletion of the intronic enhancer eliminates the ability of mbnl1 to promote exon inclusion.
collectively , these findings demonstrate a role for mbnl1 in controlling insulin receptor exon @number@ inclusion via binding to a downstream intronic enhancer element.
activation of intravascular fibrinolysis is one of the principle effects of cardiopulmonary bypass that causes poor postoperative hemostasis.
this complication has long been recognized and treated with antifibrinolytic medications , including the lysine analog epsilon aminocaproic acid ( eaca ) .
therefore , we investigated the appropriate concentration of eaca for neonates undergoing bypass.
methods : we conducted an in vitro study using neonatal plasma derived from the placenta / cord units from @number@ term , elective cesarean deliveries.
graded concentrations of eaca were added to aliquots of the plasma pool before activating fibrinolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator.
standard kaolin-activated thromboelastograms were then run with the primary outcome variable being estimated percent lysis.
these procedures were repeated on samples of commercially available pooled adult normal plasma for comparison.
conclusions : our data establish the minimal effective concentration of eaca necessary to completely prevent fibrinolysis in neonatal blood in vitro.
type @number@ diabetes and acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) are widely interconnected.
insulin resistance , inflammation , microvascular disease , and a tendency to thrombosis are common in these patients.
direct glucose toxicity likely plays a crucial role in explaining the clinical benefits of intensive insulin therapy in such critical patients.
such drugs should be known by practicing cardiologists for their possible use in icus in the years to come.
target of rapamycin ( tor ) is an evolutionarily conserved nutrient-sensing protein kinase that regulates growth and metabolism in all eukaryotic cells.
studies in flies , worms , yeast , and mice support the notion that the tor signaling network modulates aging.
methods : an observational study of @number@ geriatric inpatients was carried out.
results : the pearson's correlation coefficients between gip and the four memory tests were between @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the gip correlations with the mmse and cdr were @number@ and @number@ respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
no significant correlation was found with the gds-15.
statistically significant differences in gip memory scores between patients with dementia and non-demented patients were found ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : results indicate that an observation scale of memory function may have value for providing information about the underlying memory impairment.
the results of nurses ' observations may be used in triage contributing to the diagnostic process by selecting patients requiring further neuropsychological assessment.
cytokines are crucial for the regulation of inflammation development in humans.
many studies have shown that variations in cytokine genes might play a role in determining human longevity.
thus , il-10 @number@ g / a polymorphism seems to play a role in the pathway to longevity in jordanian men.
macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway of degradation of several cytoplasmic components , such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles.
this process of cellular self-digestion is involved in a number of physiological processes like survival , differentiation and development.
a common characteristic between these disorders is the accumulation of protein deposits composed by aberrant protein aggregates.
also dysfunctional organelles , particularly mitochondria , have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases.
here we give an overview of the importance of autophagy in brain aging and in age-related neurodegeneration.
furthermore , we will discuss autophagy as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the adverse effects of aging and age-related diseases on brain function.
here we review some of the major physiological , psychological , and behavioral changes after @number@ months of cr in overweight otherwise healthy volunteers.
organismal aging and longevity are influenced by many complex interacting factors.
epigenetics has recently emerged as another possible determinant of aging.
here , we review some of the epigenetic pathways that contribute to cellular senescence and age-associated phenotypes.
purpose : to assess the degree of participation of the visually impaired elderly and to make a comparison with population-based reference data.
in addition , we assessed perceived participation restrictions.
no differences were found for the interpersonal interactions and relationships domain.
conclusions : visually impaired elderly persons participate in society , but they participate less than their peers.
they experience restrictions as a result of vision loss.
these findings are relevant , since participation is an indicator for successful aging and has a positive influence on health and subjective well-being.
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world.
particularly , coronary heart disease is the commonest cause of death worldwide.
in the lasts years it has emerged a possible linkage between androgen deficiency and cvd.
many studies noted that t deficiency might contribute to increased risk of cvd.
the clinical and epidemiological studies discussed in this section give an update on the interplay between late onset hypogonadism ( loh ) and cvd.
over the last decades , testosterone replacement therapy for middle-aged and older men has been gaining increasing and widespread attention and popularity.
this mini-review will present and discuss the current knowledge on the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy and change in lipid fractions in older men.
metabolic syndrome and psychological factors are highly prevalent in aging men , and might be other important determinants of erectile dysfunction.
drugs play a role in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction , as they can alter hormonal or vascular mechanics needed for achieving or maintaining erection.
this article examines experiences of chronological age.
we find people's age experiences are multidimensional and multidirectional , incorporating narratives of progress and decline.
our data show marked gender differences in age experiences , but give little support to claims of a double standard concerning the aging body.
more generally , we find that people contrast current experiences with their younger and older selves.
the attachment patterns of younger and older adults were studied using two-dimensional self-report measures of adult attachment.
although the maq and rsq are believed to be measuring similar constructs , they are derived from different theoretical perspectives.
correlations between the two measures were in the expected directions proving modest evidence for their convergent validity.
there were no age differences regarding secure , avoidant , and dismissing attachment.
it appears that older adults experience anxious types of attachment less frequently than younger adults.
it is based on nine semi-structured interviews of relatively healthy and functional greek centenarians of both sexes.
the analytic approach was thematic and based on grounded theory.
we found that our participants were characterized by selectiveness in their socializing with other people and tendency to avoid conflicts.
also , we found that they predominantly used the \ "flight \ " response whenever confronted with stressors.
further , they appeared to be much adaptive as they had managed to overcome adversity and adapt successfully to major life changes.
this study examined the concept of bridge employment from a continuity theory and life course perspective.
implications of these results are discussed from a continuity theory and life course perspective.
unlabelled : osteoporosis , a skeletal disorder characterized by a reduction in bone strength , increases fracture risk.
primary osteoporosis is usually a result of reduced bone mineral density as a consequence of natural aging.
secondary osteoporosis is usually a result of a disease , such as cystic fibrosis , or medical treatment , such as corticosteroids or cancer treatment.
introduction : currently , ten million americans are osteoporotic and an additional @number@ million have the precursor condition , osteopenia.
osteoporosis leads to @number@ million fractures and @number@ hospitalizations annually.
osteoporosis-related fractures increase mortality and reduce quality of life.
calcitriol , the active form of vitamin d , regulates intestinal calcium absorption , among other actions.
during the past four decades , many clinical trials investigating the effect of calcitriol on bone loss have been performed.
methods : we conducted a systematic qualitative review of clinical trials that assessed calcitriol for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone loss.
in these clinical trials , calcitriol was used as a monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic bone agents.
calcitriol in combination with other therapeutic bone agents was shown to have additional bone-preserving effects when compared to the use of therapeutic bone agents alone.
a common side-effect of calcitriol therapy was hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria , but the degree of hypercalcemia was mild.
recent research found that intermittent dosing can reduce hypercalcemia rates.
calcitriol , alone or in combination with other agents , should be considered for the therapy of osteoporosis.
methods : twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control conditions.
intervention consisted of four individual sessions of life review , structured along @number@ questions aimed at prompting autobiographical memory specificity.
participants in the control condition did not receive intervention.
all variables reached high effect sizes , with an effect size of r = 0.64 regarding depressive symptoms.
outcome measures were scores on mini mental state examination ( mmse ) , adl , iadl and neuropsychiatric inventory ( npi ) .
results : mean treatment duration was @number@.9 + / -16.1 months.
no variables capable of predicting the response to treatment were detected.
it is sufficient for the diagnosis of ncse to be suspected and not strictly confirmed to start preliminary treatment with an antiepileptic drug.
cervical nf is quite rare , is mostly of odontogenic origin , and may be complicated by descendant mediastinitis with a very high mortality rate.
systemic conditions impairing the patient's immune competence , such as diabetes , may play a predisposing role.
this paper describes a complex and emblematic case.
background and aims : mildly elevated homocysteine ( hcy ) and oxidative stress are novel and potentially modifiable risk factors for post-menopausal osteoporosis.
methods : patients were divided into @number@ groups ( nop and op ) .
group nop had normal bone mineral density ( bmd ) and group op low bmd.
thirty-four ( @percent@ ) were in group op and @number@ ( @percent@ ) in group nop.
serum total antioxidant status ( tas ) and total peroxide ( tpx ) levels were determined with new automated methods.
the study included measurement of deoxypyridinoline ( dpd ) .
results : in op patients plasma t-hcy , urine deoxypyridinoline and plasma tpx were significantly higher than those in nop controls.
in addition , op patients also had lower tas levels than controls , which represent the oxidative imbalance.
pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between t-hcy and tas ( p < 0.038 ) .
a significant negative correlation was also found between tas level and bmd values for the spine in op patients ( p < 0.035 ) .
in contrast , a positive correlation between t-hcy and tpx in op patients was demonstrated significantly , r = 0.52 , p < 0.029.
conclusions : we show that the op group had reduced tas , whereas the elevated tpx was different from that in the nop group.
slightly elevated homocysteinemia may contribute to increasing tpx and reducing tas in the op group.
however , our results suggest a weak but negative relationship between tas and bmd.
further investigations are needed to examine the relationship of oxidative stress as an endogenous bioactive agent to bone loss in post-menopausal women.
further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these findings.
however , the application of these measures in clinical practice requires more detailed examination in older individuals.
few studies , however , have compared the afi with the bmi as a measure of obesity.
older women were examined to determine the associations among bmi , afi and cardiometabolic variables.
background and aims : atrial fibrillation ( af ) typically prevails on male sex in all decades of life.
thus , prevalence rate of af in older women is elevated , mainly due to their longer survival.
bmi was positively correlated with atrial enlargement in a statistically significant way even after multiple adjustments.
we evaluated the reasons for not implementing guidelines for type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) in patients admitted to a post-acute geriatric ward.
the fit between medical choices and the guideline or the reasons for non-implementation were recorded on clinical charts.
results : guidelines were implemented in @percent@ of cases.
the main reason for non-application was the physician's judgment of the patient's clinical condition.
subjects in the non-implementation group had worse functional status , their somatic comorbidity was more severe , and their clinical condition more unstable.
they were also affected by more serious psychological and behavioral symptoms associated with dementia.
individuals were followed from age 70-100 years.
results : the prospective analysis indicated that @percent@ of the individuals eventually moved to an elder care institution.
significantly more women than men were institutionalized , although for women the move occurred later in life.
cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that various factors were important to institutionalization at different ages.
conclusions : the proportion of elderly persons relocating to institutions was significantly higher than that generally found in cross-sectional studies.
it was possible to identify variables that predict institutionalization during a subsequent 30-year period , but different analyses revealed different effects from the factors evaluated.
because institutionalization costs are high , more research is needed to investigate predictors of preventing institutionalization.
methods : the study was retrospective longitudinal in design.
data were collected from elderly people living in the community who were certified as eligible for care level 2-5 under japanese long-term care insurance.
continuity in home care was defined as a participant living at home @number@ year after the beginning of the study.
results : of @number@ participants , @number@ continued to receive home care ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : having friends was a significant predictor of continuity in home care.
the promotion of social engagement may be important in preventing institutionalization.
background and aims : nursing home residents constitute a frail , multi-diseased and heterogeneous group.
as physical activity is essential for the preservation of function , personalized training and activities are of great importance.
the aim of the present work is to describe the overall design of the study.
methods : nursing homes in sweden , norway and denmark were involved , and @number@ residents were randomized to either intervention or control groups.
results : they will be presented in articles to follow.
however , few studies have examined the relative importance of various specific diagnoses in population-based samples.
results : among @number@ common diagnoses , only sleeping problems , urinary incontinence and stroke were significantly related to life satisfaction.
conclusions : our results confirm previous findings of a weak relationship between medically based measures of health and life satisfaction.
background and aims : although pain in the elderly is a common and important problem , it is frequently underestimated and undertreated.
recently , several observational tools have been developed in order to assess pain behaviors in non-communicative patients.
results : significant interrater agreement was found in the subscores of the four main sections of the noppain and also in the total score.
in addition , in cognitively intact patients there was a moderate ( about @number@ ) but significant correlation between noppain ratings and pain self-reports.
a positive correlation between pain scores and negative affective state scores was also found , especially in cognitively impaired patients.
depressed subjects have a two-fold increased risk of cv events than non-depressed ones.
altered blood pressure ( bp ) circadian profile may be one mechanism underlying this association.
we studied @number@ elderly subjects ( mean age 78 + / -6 yrs , range 69- @number@ @number@ m , @number@ f ) .
on the basis of the 15-items geriatric depression scale ( gds ) , score > 5 identified subjects with depressive symptoms.
no significant differences in traditional cv risk factors or in medication use were observed between the two groups.
the gds score was an independent significant inverse determinant of 24-h sd of sbp.
depressive symptoms in older subjects are accompanied by lower nocturnal bp fall and are significant independent determinants of sbp variability.
background and aims : this study examined whether remembering location information relies on efficient inhibitory functions.
methods : in two experiments , younger and older adults performed an active visuo-spatial working memory ( vswm ) span task.
the purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of interventions against hip fractures in patients with alzheimer's disease.
methods : with respect to randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) regarding alzheimer's disease and hip fractures , the literature was searched with pubmed.
risedronate itself strongly decreased bone resorption.
menatetrenone also decreased the serum level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin.
the three interventions increased metacarpal bmd and reduced the incidence of hip fractures.
the respective rrs ( @percent@ ci ) were @number@ ( @number@.049-0.999 ) , @number@ ( @number@.031-0.554 ) , and @number@ ( @number@.100- @number@ ) .
manual tracing of hippocampal and amygdalar volumes and visual rating of white matter lesions were made.
the whole study group was stratified by age ( < / = 60 and 60 + yrs ) and by the reason for mr prescription.
clinical , neuropsychological and morphometric features were similar in the stratified subgroups.
neuropsychological features were those expected for age and education based on italian normative values.
conclusions : persons in the ibna study had clinical and neuropsychological features consistent with that of the general population.
their brain morphometric features may be used as normative references for patients with suspected neurodegenerative disorders.
measures were taken on femurs in situ , detached from the body , skinned and defleshed , or dried completely.
a 24-hour pharmacokinetic profile for testosterone and estradiol was obtained at the end of week @number@
in fact , both lh and non-shbg testosterone levels were lower ( p < @number@ ) in older men receiving testosterone treatment.
in addition , the strongest association overall was between the percentage decline in lh and non-shbg estradiol concentrations ( r = @number@ ) .
these results further suggest that estrogen receptor signaling might contribute to this effect.
the major limitation of this approach is lack of accuracy and precision in estimating ee , especially in low-intensity activities.
we also explored feasibility of the dls modeling approach to predict physical activity ee ( paee ) and mets.
movement was measured by actigraph accelerometers placed on the hip , wrist , and ankle.
the tee predictions by these dls models were not significantly different from the room calorimeter measurements ( all p > @number@ ) .
models that included wrist correctly classified time spent at light pa better than other models.
we conclude that the dls approach for accelerometer data improves detailed ee prediction in youth.
we evaluated the influence of age and sex on the relationship between central and peripheral vasodilatory capacity.
conditions mimicking pathological cell damage ( serum deprivation ) lead to endothelial apoptosis as evidenced by increased caspase-3 activity.
in microvascular endothelial cells exposed to acei , akt / enos pathway-dependent fgf-2 was necessary for gene transcription of tert.
these protective effects were particularly evident for sulfhydryl-containing acei ( zofenoprilat ) , which were reported to exhibit potent antioxidant effects.
these effects could explain the beneficial effects of these drugs in various cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial injury and aging.
the purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrastructural changes in intramyocellular lipid ( imcl ) and mitochondria occur with aging.
old men had larger imcl droplets than all other groups in the total muscle area.
old individuals showed higher imcl content in the subsarcolemmal area.
the fraction of imcl touching mitochondria was lowest in old women in the total area and in old men in the subsarcolemmal region.
in summary , older adults have larger imcl droplets , fewer mitochondria , and a lower proportion of imcl in contact with mitochondria.
these factors likely contribute to age-related reductions in mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism.
methods : we collected @number@ cadaveric distal humeri with an average age of @number@ years.
cortical thickness in the distal section was the thickest in the posterior medial and the thinnest in the anterior aspect followed by lateral aspect.
the changes in cortical thickness with aging were obvious in the posterior side and trabecular bone on the medial condyle.
conclusion : this study evaluated the differences in cortical and trabecular bone parameters in each different region of the distal humerus.
previous research has shown that an early onset of drinking is associated with a range of problematic drinking outcomes in adulthood.
discrete-time survival analysis ( dtsa ) was used to relate multiple characteristics to the hazard function of alcohol onset across a relevant age range.
however , age at interview , ethnicity , parent education , and depressive symptoms did not predict the pattern of onset of drinking.
implications for future research and prevention efforts are discussed.
development of a second malignancy is one of the most serious late effects in survivors of both childhood and adult-onset cancers.
moreover , an understanding of the variations in second cancer risk according to age at treatment is important in customizing patient follow-up.
the treatment of hodgkin lymphoma is one of the success stories of modern medicine.
survival rates have continued to improve while treatment modifications to decrease late effects are studied across all populations.
there has been a growing appreciation for the differences in epidemiology across age groups and the potential differences in disease biology.
radiation related effects in children and adults limit the delivery of effective radiation doses and result in long-term morbidity affecting function and quality of life.
however , the approach to studying and understanding these effects differs between children and adults.
better understanding of each age specific approach and how it differs may improve our ability to study late effects of radiation across the ages.
late effects in normal tissues following radiotherapy vary across the age spectrum.
cancer genesis across the age spectrum is a complex , multifactorial process , and parallels changes in site-specific tissue development , maintenance , and senescence.
cancer is not a single disease , and different tumor and stem cells may demonstrate various manifestations of abnormal function.
moreover , increasing evidence suggests that genetic programs normally active only during development of human beings may be reactivated during tumorigenesis.
in childhood , the peak years of an organ system's increase in size correlate with peak years of cancer incidence.
here we evaluate the association between dbi and functional outcomes in health , aging and body composition study participants over @number@ years.
physical performance was measured using the short physical performance battery , usual gait speed , and grip strength.
results : higher dbi at years @number@ @number@ and @number@ was consistently associated with poorer function at year @number@
bioinformatics methods that leverage the vast amounts of clinical data promises to provide insights into underlying molecular mechanisms that help explain human physiological processes.
one of these processes is adolescent development.
the integration of both epidemiological and clinical data promises to create more robust models that shed new light on physiological processes.
the mutation responsible for hutchinson gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) causes abnormal nuclear morphology.
previous studies show that free radicals and reactive oxygen species play major roles in the etiology and / or progression of neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
this study compares oxidative stress responses between progeric and normal fibroblasts.
our data revealed higher ros levels in hgps cells compared to age-matched controls.
in response to oxidative challenge , progeric cells showed increased mrna levels for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase ( sod ) and sod protein content.
however , this did not prevent a drop in the atp content of progeria fibroblasts.
previous studies have shown that declines in human fibroblast atp levels interfere with programmed cell death and promote necrotic inflammation.
notably , in our investigations the atp content of progeria fibroblasts was only approximately @percent@ of that found in healthy controls.
a number of studies indicate that the molecular mechanisms causing accelerated aging in progeric patients also occur in healthy cells of older individuals.
thus , the results of this study may also help explain some of the cellular changes that accompany normal aging.
we investigated the possibility that the observed heme degradation results from ros generated on the membrane surface that are relatively inaccessible to the cellular antioxidants.
main methods : membrane and cytosol were separated by centrifugation and the fluorescence intensity and emission maximum were measured.
key findings : @percent@ of the fluorescent heme degradation products in hemolysates are found on the membrane.
furthermore , these products are not transferred from the cytosol to the membrane and must , therefore , be formed on the membrane.
we also showed that the elevated level of heme degradation in hbcc cells that is attributed to increased oxidative stress was found on the membrane.
background : brain atrophy in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) includes not only ad-specific brain atrophy but also the atrophy induced by normal aging.
it was reported that the important age when age-related shrinkage of the hippocampus starts was around the mid-40s.
hippocampus and ventricle sizes were measured.
results : the normalized volumes ( by intracranial volume , icv ) of the hippocampus in males were smaller than those in females.
the right hippocampus was larger than the left.
the suggested age at which acceleration of hippocampal atrophy starts is @number@ years.
an acceleration of hippocampal atrophy may emerge and start around @number@ years of age in a non-demented elderly population.
methods : two double-blind , 10-week ( 2-week washout + 8-week treatment ) , left-right randomized , split-face clinical studies were conducted.
each formulation was applied to the randomly assigned side of the face.
in both studies , hyperpigmented spots were evaluated at weeks @number@ and @number@ by quantitative image analysis.
conclusions : the combination of @percent@ niacinamide and 1%n-undecylenoyl phenylalanine is an effective anti-aging technology for use on facial skin.
methods : the study population comprised of @number@ patients with ige-mediated cma.
they belonged to a cohort of @number@ healthy , full-term infants followed prospectively for the emergence of cma.
age-matched control subjects with no history of cma ( n = 76 ) participated in the follow-up.
serum levels of ige antibodies to cm were measured using unicap.
levels of iga , igg1 and igg4 antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-casein were measured using elisa.
conclusion : high cm-specific ige levels predict the persistence of cma.
as a consequence , a growing number of these patients develop age-related co-morbidities , such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
the care of these previously rare conditions is a new challenge for caregivers in haemophilia centres.
this review focuses on co-morbidities in the ageing haemophilia patients , their impact on quality of life and their complex management.
purpose : to determine the natural end-point for refractive development during childhood.
at these sites , mild hyperopia was the most prevalent category during early childhood , and myopia became the predominant category later.
in gombak district and guangzhou , emmetropia was a minor category at all ages , with myopia increasing as mild hyperopia decreased.
in shunyi district , emmetropia was the most prevalent category over the ages 11-14.
conclusion : emmetropia was not the predominant outcome for refractive development in children.
instead , populations were predominantly mildly hyperopic or substantial amounts of myopia appeared in them.
objectives : in this study we evaluated the associated conditions and demographic data of the patients who have hip fractures.
results : associated conditions of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly are osteoporosis , dementia , cardiac disease and hypertension.
there was no correlation between associated conditions and postoperative mortality rates between the two groups.
conclusion : according to our data there is a consistence between turkish statistical institute data and our patients ' data on age.
consequently , there is an increase in the average age of the interthrocanteric fractures in the elderly population.
objective : to evaluate the correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms , erectile dysfunction , and cardiovascular diseases in different male populations.
methods : data sources : pubmed ( medline ) , clinical evidence , embase , cochrane reviews , and articles from reference lists.
studies on these subjects , and concerning men aged @number@ years or older , were eligible for inclusion in this review.
both community-based and clinical-based studies were included.
results : @number@ studies were eligible for inclusion , representing @number@ men.
these studies showed a significant positive correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction.
the odds ratios varied from @number@ to @number@
all studies were community or clinical based.
just one study based on a primary care population was described.
the association between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases is not proven in primary care.
conclusions : the evidence of a positive correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction is significant in community- and clinical-based studies.
it is at present unknown whether these correlations are significant in the patient population of primary healthcare.
proteins are main targets for oxidative damage that occurs during aging and in oxidative stress situations.
oxidized protein repair is limited to certain oxidation products of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine.
peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles with an important role in the generation and decomposition of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
in this review , the ros-producing enzymes , as well as the antioxidative defense system in mammalian peroxisomes , are described.
antioxid.
purpose : to determine the most significant clinical predictors that influence driving ability in parkinson disease ( pd ) .
methods : national-multi-centre , cross-sectional study covering pd outpatients.
driving status data was obtained using a standardized questionnaire.
comparisons between drivers and ex-drivers were calculated using chi ( @number@ ) and student t-tests as appropriate.
multi-variate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent driving ability clinical predictors.
in the regression model analysis , aging and adl impairment were the principal clinical predictors that differentiated drivers from ex-drivers.
multi-disciplinary teams are required to assess driving ability in patients with pd and develop rehabilitation measures for safer driving.
data sources : a literature search was conducted through medline and embase ( until @date@ ) .
to evaluate and compare the exercise responsiveness of various reported inflammatory markers , pre- to post-test effect sizes were calculated.
data extraction : a methodological quality scoring as well as an assessment of the quality of exercise paradigms were both made.
no exercise training studies were found involving children.
more severely affected patients may experience a more aggravated inflammatory response.
evidence was found that chronic endurance exercise training programs can attenuate systemic inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure and type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
objective : to investigate the prevalence of dry eye in populations equal or over @number@ years old in jiangning district , shanghai , china.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study.
then , @number@ people as the selected residents were enrolled , which was figured out through the random cluster sampling procedure.
the diagnosis of dry eye was referred to the well-accepted domestic diagnostic criteria the spss11.
@number@ software was used to analyze the database , t . test , chi2 test , one-way-anova and logistic regression were used for analysis.
results : one thousand and eighty five residents finally took part in this study , and the inclusion ratio was @percent@.
the figure of schirmer i test and but decreased in elder people , at the same time the scores of fl and mgd increased.
meanwhile , the score of osdi in dry eye patients was significantly higher than that in non-dry eye individuals.
the relative risk factors of dry eye were gender , age , wearing contact lens , long-time using of eye solutions , taking anti-allergy drugs.
conclusions : the prevalence of dry eye in female is higher than that in the male.
and the prevalence of dry eye increases following the aging process.
relative risk factors of dry eye are gender , age , wearing contact lens , long-time using of eye solutions , taking anti-allergy drugs.
the article presents results of studies.
these results show dependence of life expectancy from the social status and intellectual activity.
quality of life of scientists of advanced age in comparison with other pensioners has been analyzed.
continuation of scientific activity became guarantee of their health and longevity.
in this paper , we constructed a new dti atlas , which contains the complete diffusion tensor information in icbm152 coordinates.
from this high-dimensional dti atlas , and using robust ft protocols , we reconstructed a large number of wm tracts.
finally , we assessed laterality and age-related wm changes in @number@ normal subjects aged @number@ to @number@ years using these tractography-derived tract segmentations.
in agreement with previous literature , we observed an fa increase with age , which was mainly due to the decrease of perpendicular diffusivity.
testosterone levels exhibit a circadian rhythm in healthy men , with morning levels tending to be higher compared to evening titers.
however , circadian rhythms wane with age.
although this has been described in males living within industrialized settings , age-related changes have not received similar attention in populations outside these contexts.
diurnal rhythmicity in testosterone within and between ache men in association with age ( n = @number@ age range , 18-64 ) was therefore examined.
men in their third decade of life exhibited significant diurnal variation ( p = @number@ ) , whereas older and younger age classes did not.
circadian rhythmicity differs with age among the ache and may be a common aspect of reproductive senescence among men regardless of ecological context.
background : given our aging population , patients with an intrathoracic stomach are an increasing clinical problem.
the timing of repair remains controversial , and most reports do not delineate morbidity of emergent presentation.
the aim of the study was to compare the morbidity and mortality of elective and emergent repair.
methods : study population consisted of @number@ patients retrospectively reviewed undergoing repair of intrathoracic stomach from @number@ to @number@
repair was elective in @number@ and emergent in @number@ patients.
outcome measures included postoperative morbidity and mortality.
conclusion : emergent surgical repair of intrathoracic stomach was associated with markedly higher mortality and morbidity than elective repair.
results of error analysis indicated that visual encoding errors were most prevalent.
the decline in aa's mental lexicon is discussed in light of the rates of declines in object naming ability reported in previous studies.
the concept of ease of acquisition and the dissociation between aa's general mental state and lexicon of kanji are also discussed.
mean levels of @number@ to @number@ nmol / l were reached in most rcts with @number@ to @number@ iu vitamin d per day without risk.
the mets group had much weaker serum antioxidant ability and were more susceptible to copper-mediated low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) -oxidation.
tg and apoc-iii co-accumulated with ldl , high density lipoprotein ( hdl ) 2 , and hdl3 in the mets group.
the lipid and apolipoprotein composition of hdl was severely altered and its beneficial functions were severely diminished.
apoa-i level was more readily detected in lipoprotein-deficient serum of the mets group , indicating that the apoa-i exists in a lipid-free state.
these results suggest that the mets group had dysfunctional hdl that enriched tg , apoc-iii , cetp , and saa without antioxidant activity.
the desire of many to look young for their age has led to the establishment of a large cosmetics industry.
skin wrinkling , hair graying and lip height were significantly and independently associated with how old the women looked for their age.
there was also considerable variation in the perceived age data that was unaccounted for.
composite facial images created from women who looked young or old for their age indicated that the structure of subcutaneous tissue was partly responsible.
hair graying , recession of hair from the forehead and lip height were influenced mainly by genetic factors whereas environmental factors influenced hair thinning.
the findings also demonstrate that perceived age is a better biomarker of skin , hair and facial aging than chronological age.
background : respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.
methods : a birth cohort ( n = @number@ ) in rural kenya , was studied intensively to monitor infections and describe age-related serological characteristics.
a linear regression model was used to calculate the rate of rsv-matab decline.
the effect of risk factors on cord blood titres was investigated.
ninety seven percent of infants were born with rsv-matab.
rsv infections were shown to have no effect on the rate of decay of rsv-matab.
conclusion : maternal-specific rsv ab decline rapidly following birth.
however , we provide evidence of protection against severe disease by rsv-matab during the first 6-7 months.
this suggests that boosting maternal-specific ab by rsv vaccination may be a useful strategy to consider.
persistent subclinical inflammation predisposes to chronic disease , as well as the development of sarcopenia and disability , in frail elderly.
thus , the inflammatory pathway is a potential target for interventions to reduce aging-related disease and disability.
this article highlights emerging data suggesting that increasing physical activity could be effective for reducing chronic inflammation in the elderly.
this may have links to various cognitive effects of gh and igf-1.
gh and igf-1 affect the genesis of neurons , astrocytes , endothelial cells and oligodendrocytes.
specifically , igf-1 increases progenitor cell proliferation and numbers of new neurons , oligodendrocytes , and blood vessels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
in the adult cerebral cortex igf-1 only affects oligodendrogenesis.
recently , gh therapy has also been shown to induce cell genesis in the adult brain.
the profile of effects by gh therapy may be somewhat different than that of igf-1.
in addition , gh secretagogues ( ghs ) also have neuroprotective and cell regenerative effects per se in the brain.
finally , transgenic disruptions in gh signaling pathways affect neuron and astrocyte cell numbers during development and during adulthood.
theoretically these substances could be used to enhance recovery after brain injuries.
however , further experiments with specific animal models for brain injuries are needed before clinical trials can be started.
background : age-related reduction in lower limb muscle strength has been shown to be related to disability , falls and loss of independence.
differences in muscle strength between the groups as well as intrarater and interrater reliability of two assessors were determined.
conclusions : hand-held dynamometry is a reliable instrument to measure the foot and ankle strength of young and older adults.
ageing is associated with a reduction in strength of between @number@ and @percent@ for the muscles responsible for movement of the foot and ankle.
however , the specific ages , sources , and pathways involved remain undefined.
in conclusion , circulating ages induce nadph-dependent ros generation in vascular aging in both in vitro and in vivo models.
furthermore , ager1 provides protection against age-induced ros generation via nadph.
aging is thought to occur through the accumulation of biochemical damage affecting dna , proteins , and lipids.
the major source of cellular damage involves the generation of reactive oxygen species produced during mitochondrial respiratory activity of the electron transport chain.
the significance of these experiments with respect to longevity-related selective constraints in nature remains unclear.
here we took a phylogenomic approach to identify the genetic targets of natural selection for elongated life span in mammals.
a large body of current medical research aims at discovering how to increase longevity in human.
in this study , we uncovered the way natural selection has completed this task during mammalian evolution.
cellular membrane and extracellular collagen composition , not genome integrity , have apparently been the optimized features.
background : low vitamin b-6 status has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
the cardioprotective effects of vitamin b-6 independent of homocysteine suggest that additional mechanisms may be involved.
objective : our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association of vitamin b-6 status with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
results : there was a strong dose-response relation of plasma plp concentration with plasma crp.
these negative associations persisted after plasma homocysteine was controlled for.
conclusions : low vitamin b-6 concentrations are associated with inflammation , higher oxidative stress , and metabolic conditions in older puerto rican adults.
an accurate description of changes in the brain in healthy aging is needed to understand the basis of age-related changes in cognitive function.
cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) studies suggest thinning of the cerebral cortex , volumetric reductions of most subcortical structures , and ventricular expansion.
however , there is a paucity of detailed longitudinal studies to support the cross-sectional findings.
volume changes were measured across the entire cortex and in @number@ regions of interest.
all subcortical and ventricular regions except caudate nucleus and the fourth ventricle changed significantly over @number@ year.
finally , atrophy was found to accelerate with increasing age , and this was especially prominent in areas vulnerable to ad.
thus , it is possible that the accelerating atrophy with increasing age is due to preclinical ad.
background : state dental boards maintain minimal demographic and practice characteristics about licensed dentists.
the authors describe the creation and monitoring of an enhanced surveillance system concerning iowa's dentists.
idts staff members add newly licensed dentists to the system as practice locations become available.
they also contact each dental office semiannually by telephone to update this information.
the idts advisory committee meets annually to review these data and monitor trends.
conclusions : idts is a workforce tracking model that can be used to understand trends at the community , regional and state levels.
an aging dentist workforce in iowa could put a strain on the public's ability to access dental care , especially in rural counties.
objective : conventional whole-head meg systems have fixed sensor arrays designed to accommodate most adult heads.
however arrays optimised for adult brain measurements are suboptimal for research with the significantly smaller heads of young children.
we wished to measure brain activity in children using a novel whole-head meg system custom sized to fit the heads of pre-school-aged children.
methods : auditory evoked fields were measured from seven 4-year-old children in a 64-channel kit whole-head gradiometer meg system.
auditory evoked fields were successfully measured from all seven children and dipole source locations were computed.
conclusions : these results demonstrate the feasibility of routinely measuring neuromagnetic brain function in healthy , awake pre-school-aged children.
significance : the advent of child-sized whole-head meg systems opens new opportunities for the study of cognitive brain development in young children.
however , many studies draw conclusions about this relationship without explicitly examining the empirical evidence.
therefore , the aim of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between attitudes towards menopause and symptom experience using original research studies.
results : thirteen studies were included in the review , @number@ longitudinal , prospective study and @number@ cross-sectional studies.
conclusion : women with more negative attitudes towards the menopause in general report more symptoms during the menopausal transition.
however , use of standardised culturally sensitive attitude , and specific symptom , measures are recommended in future prospective studies.
it is well known that biomaterials play an important role in the regulation of adhesion and growth of a variety of cultured cell types.
however , whether biomaterials are associated with the senescence of cultured cells is not known.
furthermore , it was found that the cultured cells recovered their ability to grow when the substrate was reused every passage.
it seemed that the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins adsorbed onto the eval surface might have a protective role in the cellular aging process.
therefore , whether a biomaterial strongly influences cellular aging process must be considered in the selection of a biomaterial for the biomedical application.
major goals of epidemiology are estimation of disease morbidity and mortality and identification and quantification of the impact of risk factors.
age is a recognized risk factor , contributing to the occurrence of multifactorial diseases.
ageing per se is not a key concern of epidemiologists , and detailed biological explanations of causal mechanisms may not be offered by the epidemiologist.
nevertheless , the relationships identified in epidemiological studies can offer practical solutions to disease prevention.
additionally , age can modify the effect of other risk factors , necessitating identification of such interactions and the differentiation of effect modifiers from confounders.
comparative epidemiology frequently compares human and animal populations.
approximately half of the increase in the world's population by @date@ be accounted for by the prolonged survival of those over the age of @number@
the ageing human population is one of the most urgent challenges facing us today.
taking a pragmatic approach , we need to understand the drivers for immune decline if we are to consider intervening therapeutically in this process.
we conducted a prospective study to investigate the influence of at1r a1166c gene polymorphism on the quantitative changes of renal function.
genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
result : age was @number@ + / - @number@ years ( range @number@ - @number@ ) .
this association was still significant in multivariate analyses ( p = @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusion : this longitudinal study showed that the aging process was associated with decline of renal function in the healthy elderly.
the at1r a1166c gene polymorphism might modulate these changes in the chinese.
this provides further knowledge essential in the assessment of renal disease and determination of renal function in the older subjects.
aging is the most significant risk factor for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
recently , we reported on the selection of d-enantiomeric , abeta-binding peptides d1 and d3.
here , we use a surface plasmon resonance method to confirm that both peptides show the desired binding specificities.
premedical intervention before diseases is one of the principal practices in traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) for tackling health problems and diseases.
scientific interpretations for various preventive treatments in tcm present the idea that disease prevention should surpass medical intervention in humans.
antistress biology is proposed for the first time as a preclinical practice or strategy for antiaging.
aging-related cell-surface nadh oxidase ( arnox ) -specific activities increase with age between age @number@ and ages 50-65.
the protein is shed and circulates.
among the best sources are certain culinary seasonings , all of which are ingredients used extensively in the french kitchen.
their regular use may contribute to an understanding of the nutritional basis for the french paradox.
results : ( @number@ ) the ga level of the @number@ subjects was ( @number@ + / - @number@ ) %.
however , no significant difference was detected after adjusting with bmi as confounder.
( @number@ ) the level of ga in the @number@.5th to @number@.5th percentile was @number@.8%-17.1%.
conclusion : the normal range of serum ga for the chinese population could be suggested at 11%-17%.
objective : to evaluate the long-term trend of cataract prevalence and the effect of prevention and treatment blindness in zhejiang province.
results : in @number@ a random sampling investigation were carried out on both eyes blind and the low vision in zhejiang province.
sample size were @number@ the prevalence rate of blindness and low vision were @percent@ per hundred and @percent@ per hundred , respectively.
among the blind , @percent@ was caused by cataract , and the low vision caused by cataract was @percent@.
together with two investigations results indicated that cataract is the first cause for the vision disability.
conclusion : cataract is still the first cause for blindness and low vision.
there are currently > 5 million people in the united states who have been diagnosed with alzheimer's disease.
that prevalence rate is expected to triple as the population ages.
throughout the world , the projected growth of alzheimer's disease is dramatic.
an experiment was designed to investigate the temporal and spatial couplings of the transport and grasp components for bimanual movements performed by children.
background / objectives : vitamin d deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease , osteoporosis , poor muscle strength , falls , fractures and mortality.
we hypothesized that low serum 25 ( oh ) d levels predicted mortality in older adults.
serum 25 ( oh ) d levels were measured at the time of enrollment in 1998-1999 , and participants were followed up for mortality.
results : during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died , of whom @number@ died due to cardiovascular diseases.
conclusions : older community-dwelling adults with low serum 25 ( oh ) d levels are at higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.
a fundamental issue in the interpretation of chest ct lies in the ability to determine normality.
these images should be properly interpreted in order to avoid unnecessary follow-up examinations and radiation exposure.
often they are due to respiratory or cardiac motion artifacts.
others are explained by aging , anatomic variants , physiological phenomenon or tobacco use.
prevalence of the features suggestive of macular telangiectasia type @number@ was assessed.
results : macular images from the @number@ subjects with a mean age of @number@ years ( range , 47-85 years ) were assessed.
of these images , @number@ images were gradable ( @number@ images of the right eye and @number@ images of the left eye ) .
based on the gass-blodi staging of this disease , all ( @number@ ) were determined to be in stages @number@ and @number@
reelin plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment.
excessive reln promoter methylation and / or decreased reln gene expression have been described in schizophrenia and autism.
we assessed reln promoter methylation in post-mortem temporocortical tissue ( brodmann area 41 / 42 ) of three prepuberal and six postpuberal normal individuals.
sex hormones thus seemingly boost dna methylation at the reln promoter.
this physiological change could significantly contribute to the onset of schizophrenia and the worsening of autistic behaviors , both typically occurring at puberty.
one concern , however , is that bfr during exercise may place unnecessary burden on those with compromised cardiac function.
methods : we determined the impact of leg bfr during walking on cardiovascular function in @number@ young ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) healthy volunteers.
results : heart rate increased more during the bfr session , whereas stroke volume decreased greater during the bfr session.
blood pressure increased significantly and substantially during the bfr session.
consequently , an increase in double product , an index of myocardial oxygen demand , was more than threefold higher in the bfr condition.
popliteal artery flow-mediated vasodilation decreased significantly after the exercise with bfr but not after the control session.
conclusions : even at low intensity , the aerobic exercise with bfr requires a greater cardiac work and decreases endothelial function.
limb bfr during exercise may need to be more cautiously prescribed to those with compromised cardiac conditions.
purpose : the maximum isometric force production capacity of the fingers decreases with age.
however , little information is available on age-related changes in dynamic motor capacity of individual fingers.
results : compared with young subjects , the older subjects had significantly slower tapping rates in all fingers and finger-pairs in the tapping tasks.
the age-related decline was also observed in the tactile sensitivities of all fingers and in the pegboard test.
however , there was no group difference in the pinch force of any finger.
the tapping rate of each finger did not correlate with the pinch force or tactile sensitivity for the corresponding finger in the elderly subjects.
conclusions : maximum rate of finger tapping was lower in the elderly adults compared with the young adults.
methods : this article presents one surgeon's concepts of the process that culminate in the typical appearance of the aged upper face.
those anatomic structures that play a role in this process are examined here.
it is an inappropriate facial expression of sadness or grief that most often motivates the patient to schedule a consultation with the plastic surgeon.
objective : this research focuses on ethnic variations in the intraindividual changes in self-rated health.
hierarchical linear models were employed in depicting variations in self-rated health across white , black , and hispanic americans.
results : subjective health worsened over time albeit moderately.
relative to younger persons , older individuals rated their health poorer with a greater rate of deteriorating health.
this pattern held even when socioeconomic status , social networks , and prior health were adjusted.
discussion : significant ethnic differences exist in the evolvement of self-rated health in middle and late life.
purpose : the study of auxiliary acquisition is central to work on language development and has attracted theoretical work from both nativist and constructivist approaches.
they completed each task @number@ times in total between the ages of @number@ ( years ; months ) and @number@
an analysis of the children's errors also revealed complex interactions between these factors.
conclusions : these data cannot be explained in full by existing theories of auxiliary acquisition.
researchers working within both generativist and constructivist frameworks need to develop more detailed theories of acquisition that predict the pattern of acquisition observed.
purpose : the question of how and when english-speaking children acquire auxiliaries is the subject of extensive debate.
others suggest that auxiliaries can be learned without universal grammar , citing evidence of piecemeal learning in their support.
this study represents a unique attempt to trace the development of auxiliary syntax by using a longitudinal elicitation methodology.
method : twelve english-speaking children participated in @number@ tasks designed to elicit auxiliary be in declaratives and yes / no and wh-questions.
they completed each task @number@ times in total between the ages of @number@ ( years ; months ) and @number@
an analysis of the children's errors also revealed complex interactions between these factors.
purpose : to examine when and how socially conditioned distinct speaking styles emerge in typically developing preschool children's speech.
thirty adult listeners were used to assess whether and at what age style differences were perceptible.
children's speech was acoustically analyzed to evaluate how style-dependent differences were produced.
five-year-olds ' clear speech words also had more final stop releases and initial sibilants with higher spectral energy than did their casual speech words.
formant frequency measures showed no style-dependent differences in vowel production at any age nor any differences in initial stop voice onset times.
purpose : understanding the long-term outcomes of developmental language difficulties is key to knowing what significance to attach to them.
to date , most prognostic studies have tended to be clinical rather than population-based , which necessarily affects the interpretation.
method : secondary data analysis of the imputed 5-year and 34-year data was carried using multivariate logistic regressions.
results : the results show strong associations for demographic and biological risk for both impairment groups.
the associations are consistent for the n-sli group but rather more mixed for the sli group.
conclusions : the data indicate that both sli and n-sli represent significant risk factors for all the outcomes identified.
there is a strong case for the identification of these children and the development of appropriate interventions.
the results are discussed in terms of the measures used and the implications for practice.
the number of high coherent connections ( hcc ) ( coherence > 0.6-0.8 ) was estimated among @number@ leads in each hemisphere.
no asymmetry was observed in the resting state.
significance : the eeg photic driving can reveal functional topographic alterations not present in the spontaneous eeg.
a subsample ( n = 10 ) also participated in semi-structured interviews.
from interviews , the perceived benefits identified were less pain , more social contacts , fewer health concerns and fewer demands from family and friends.
positive appraisal of the amputation is experienced by many people , thus requiring more attention in future research.
historical human mortality curves display five phases , differing in dimensions with population , time and circumstance.
existing explanatory models describe some but not all of these , and modelling of entire curves has hitherto necessitated an assumption of multiple distributions.
as aging is associated with increased fat , especially abdominal visceral fat , the cutoff value of wc may differ according to age.
in addition , the usefulness of visceral abdominal fat area ( vfa ) to predict mets in the elderly has not been studied yet.
we aimed to suggest wc and vfa criteria and to compare the predictability of wc and vfa to identify people at risk for mets.
vfa was measured by single slice abdominal computed tomography scanning.
we estimated the accuracy of vfa and wc for identifying at least two of these factors by receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve analysis.
results : two hundred three of @number@ men and @number@ of @number@ women had > or = 2 metabolic risk factors.
conclusion : wc had comparable power with vfa to identify elderly people who are at risk for mets.
elderly korean men and women had very similar cutoff points for both vfa and wc measurements for estimating the risk of mets.
age-specific cutoff point for wc might be considered to identify subjects at risk for mets.
telomeres play an important role in cellular aging and cancer.
human telomeric dna and rna g-rich sequences are capable of forming a four-stranded structure , known as the g-quadruplex.
such a structure might be important for telomere biology and a good target for drug design.
recently , ros have been found to be associated with tumor metastasis involving the processes of tumor cell migration , invasion and angiogenesis.
over the last @number@ years , developments in injectable dermal fillers have led to a revolution in facial soft-tissue augmentation.
available options in the united states have expanded from autologous tissues and animal-derived collagens to bacterially fermented biopolymers and synthetic implants.
this article examines breakthroughs in facial soft-tissue augmentation that have expanded the palette of options available to physicians.
we experienced that two japanese women diagnosed with syringoma , confirmed by a punch biopsy , were successfully treated with fractional resurfacing.
from that aspect , laser treatment with fractional photothermolysis may be considered to be one of the effective treatment methods for syringoma.
in this study , the sequential combination of two different laser wavelengths was evaluated to produce reliably significant clinical improvements optimizing treatment parameters.
the pain perception level was recorded on a 0-10 point scale ( 0 = no pain ; 10 = most severe pain ) .
three evaluations were made : during treatment , immediately after treatment , and @number@ minutes after treatment.
the pain perception level was recorded on a 0-10 scale ( 0 = no pain ; 10 = most severe pain ) .
three evaluations were made : during , immediately after , and @number@ minutes after treatment.
improvements were determined by blind evaluation of photographs before , at @number@ weeks , and at @number@ weeks following treatments.
patient satisfaction was also evaluated on a 0-4 point scale ( 0 = no satisfaction ; 4 = excellent perceived improvement , 76-100% ) .
clinical improvements were maintained at the 60-day follow-up , demonstrating the prolonged photothermally induced biological effect on skin function and texture.
all volunteers confirmed their willingness to undergo the same procedure again to maintain and possibly improve their clinical results.
further clinical evaluations at @number@ and @number@ months will therefore be needed to identify a suitably convenient interval between two consecutive procedures.
background : co ( @number@ ) fractional ablation offers the potential for facial and non-facial skin resurfacing with minimal downtime and rapid recovery.
methods : histologies were obtained from non-lasered facial and non-facial skin from @number@ patients and from @number@ samples of excised lasered thigh skin.
seventy-one patients were evaluated after varying energy ( mj ) and density settings by superficial ablation , deeper penetration , and combined treatment.
an increase in density settings results in total ablation of the epidermis.
clinical improvement of rhytids and pigmentations in facial and non-facial skin was proportional to increasing energy and density settings.
patient assessments and clinical gradings by the wilcoxon's test of outcomes correlated with more aggressive settings.
objective : to determine the biological mechanism of the tripollar rf device for localized fat and cellulite reduction as well as the collagen remodeling effect.
the anti-cellulite effect was evaluated by the dosage of released glycerol and histological analysis of the hypodermis.
skin tightening was evaluated by morphometric analysis of collagen fibers and the dosage of collagen synthesis.
results : following tripollar treatment , a significant increase of glycerol release by skin samples was found.
the structure of fat cells was altered in shape and a modification of the fibrous tract was also detected in the fat layer.
additional findings indicated stimulation of the dermal fibroblasts with increased collagen synthesis.
in addition , the subjects ' working memory and attentional abilities were measured.
left-right srts varied over more than @number@ db , while front-back srts varied over more than @number@ db.
concerning cognitive effects , left-right performance was most strongly related to attentional abilities , while front-back performance showed a relation to working memory abilities.
these deficits , in turn , lead to impaired functioning in complex listening environments.
parkinson's disease is a progressive , neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide.
given the aging population , the prevalence of the disease is expected to increase substantially.
this review will provide an overview on medications currently available for management of both motor and nonmotor symptoms of parkinson's disease.
soy- or red clover- derived products containing isoflavones have been amply studied in climacteric and postmenopausal women , and confusing contradicting results have been published.
in males , however , isoflavones may protect the prostate to make them less prone to develop cancer.
cell biological and animal experimental data support this notion.
clinical data about possible beneficial effects on cholesterol or in the bone are largely missing.
introduction : population aging is a feature of all countries in the world.
according to statistics , the republic of serbia is one of the countries with the majority of the elderly.
taking this into account , are articles on the elderly well represented in domestic medical journals ?
objective : the aim of the paper was to determine whether there was a sufficient number of articles on the elderly in domestic medical journals.
results : in the serbian citation index , @number@ articles on the topic of the elderly , and @number@ on children were registered.
in srpski arhivza celokupno lekarstvo , there was registered only one article on the topic of the elderly , and @number@ on children.
in vojnosanitetskipregled , @number@ articles on the elderly and @number@ on children were registered ( p < @number@ ) .
regular training programs are a concrete means to prevent and / or reduce functional decline due to aging.
a multisensory training approach seems to obtain better results in the elderly with regard to both balance and quality of life.
those in the grcl group received @number@ months of training with a classical rehabilitation protocol that included isotonic training for the lower limbs and spine.
further , all subjects in the grhu group showed a significant reduction in the energy used during a 4-min walk.
analysis of stabilometry data also showed a significant improvement in balance for those in the grhu group , which was independent of age or gender.
the multisensory training approach yields an improvement of balance in the elderly , which reduces the risk of falls.
the observed improvement is significantly greater than that seen with the classical training program.
we report an isolated , slowly progressive , pure amnestic phenotype in a 59-year-old member of a family affected by autosomal dominant familial alzheimer disease.
early-onset alzheimer disease in this family was associated with a v717g mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene ( app ) .
principles : given the demographic development , healthy aging becomes more and more relevant.
however , physical activity as an important health resource lacks dissemination in persons of older age in switzerland.
thus , the present study aimed to develop and evaluate a feasible approach for physical activity promotion in the promising primary care setting.
method : an expert panel developed two procedures for physical activity counselling in the primary care setting.
the first complete procedure consisted of a written assessment and personal counselling by physicians.
it was evaluated by focus groups with primary care physicians.
the second modified procedure consisted of mailings to inactive patients selected by physicians.
it was evaluated by a written questionnaire sent to participants.
results : the study demonstrated that physical activity promotion through primary care has a high potential.
further , physical activity promotion should be integrated into multidimensional health promotion to meet the diverse health needs of patients.
the presented multi-stakeholder approach is generally recommended for future development of health promotion interventions.
in three experiments , we examined the effects of age and spatial processing on implicit sequence learning.
surprisingly , oa exhibited more learning than ya in the two vocal response conditions.
the results showed that ya had increased learning under the more challenging response selection conditions ( experiments @number@ and @number@ ) while oa did not.
background : disruption in normal development of the human prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) may lead to cognitive dysfunction that manifests in individuals with schizophrenia.
we sought to identify genes associated with age that are implicated in schizophrenia.
we then performed functional annotation analyses of age-associated genes using the gene ontology and the genetic association database ( gad ) .
results : we found robust age-dependent changes in gene expression in the pfcs of humans ( @number@ transcripts ) .
we confirmed microarray gene expression changes by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment.
background : most of our social interactions involve perception of emotional information from the faces of other people.
furthermore , such emotional processes are thought to be aberrant in a range of clinical disorders , including psychosis and depression.
however , the exact neurofunctional maps underlying emotional facial processing are not well defined.
we extracted spatial coordinates and inserted them in an electronic database.
we performed activation likelihood estimation analysis for voxel-based meta-analyses.
results : of the originally identified studies , @number@ met our inclusion criteria.
the overall database consisted of @number@ brain coordinates that yielded an overall sample of @number@ healthy participants.
happy , fearful and sad faces specifically activated the amygdala , whereas angry or disgusted faces had no effect on this brain region.
furthermore , amygdala sensitivity was greater for fearful than for happy or sad faces.
insular activation was selectively reported during processing of disgusted and angry faces.
however , insular sensitivity was greater for disgusted than for angry faces.
conversely , neural response in the visual cortex and cerebellum was observable across all emotional conditions.
conclusion : our study has detailed neurofunctional maps to use as normative references in future fmri studies of emotional facial processing in psychiatric populations.
we found selective differences between neural networks underlying the basic emotions in limbic and insular brain regions.
cancer has been the most common cause of death in korea since @number@ and is a major public health concern.
this paper overviews the nationwide cancer statistics , including incidence , mortality , and survival rates , and their trends in korea.
in @number@ @number@ new cancer cases and @number@ cancer deaths occurred in korea.
the incidence rate for all cancer combined increased by @percent@ annually from @number@ to @number@
significant increases have occurred in the incidence of colorectal , thyroid , female breast , and prostate cancers.
the nationwide cancer statistics in this paper will provide essential data for evidence-based decisions in the national cancer control program in korea.
methods : in @number@ physically active japanese subjects ( 7-79 years ) with no impairment of daily activities were performed counter-movement jumps.
pmax-rel declined gradually with age , reaching @percent@ of the peak in subjects in their 70s.
there was no significant difference in %efi scores in most age groups.
thus , pmax-rel and the %efi appear to be suitable as normative indices applicable to different human populations for the assessment of physical function.
results : young men were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lighter and had less fat mass than older men.
total volumetric bmd ( vbmd ) at @percent@ of the tibia length was significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) in older men.
bone-free lean body mass values were useful predictors of total and cortical area and content ( r ( @number@ ) = 0.338-0.467 ) .
mcsa was more predictive of leg bflbm than total body bflbm , and those relationships were stronger in older men.
objective : to investigate whether athletic participation allows master athletes to preserve their good bone health into old age.
radius measures were comparable between athlete and control groups at all ages.
age-related differences were noticeable in the radius too , without any obvious group difference.
results are compatible with the notion that bones adapt to exercise-specific forces throughout the human lifespan.
this review will examine the role of menopause transition and associated decrease in hormonal status with regards to those changes.
we will also overview the efficiency of physical exercise and nutrition on muscle subcharacteristics.
among modifiable factors , low physical activity and protein intakes are the best contributors to sarcopenia and the loss of strength in postmenopausal women.
on the other hand , some biological factors , namely oxidative stress , inflammation , estrogen and other hormone deficiency are predictors of these phenomena.
interestingly , some methods have the potential to attenuate the loss of muscle mass and strength such as exercise , and supplement intake.
as life expectancy continues to increase , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has become much more prevalent and as yet there is no cure.
this has given rise to the situation tithonus faced in greek mythology of living longer but not staying young.
in this article , the authors explore this phenomenon while reviewing some notable people and ad.
background : the underlying molecular mechanisms of the vasculoprotective effects of physical exercise are incompletely understood.
telomere erosion is a central component of aging , and telomere-associated proteins regulate cellular senescence and survival.
methods and results : c57 / bl6 mice were randomized to voluntary running or no running wheel conditions for @number@ weeks.
mice preconditioned by voluntary running exhibited a marked reduction in aortic endothelial apoptosis.
transgenic mouse studies showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase and telomerase reverse transcriptase synergize to confer endothelial stress resistance after physical activity.
to test the significance of these data in humans , telomere biology in circulating leukocytes of young and middle-aged track and field athletes was analyzed.
long-term endurance training was associated with reduced leukocyte telomere erosion compared with untrained controls.
conclusions : physical activity regulates telomere-stabilizing proteins in mice and in humans and thereby protects from stress-induced vascular apoptosis.
these are crucial factors in countries experiencing rapid population aging.
health dynamic projections suggest the effects of health care investment are large and growth stimulating.
projections done for the time period used by the congressional budget office in budget mark-ups ( 2010-2020 ) are presented in the supporting information.
this leaves room in the resin for substantial reinforcement fillers.
socio-demographic , clinical , psychological and lifestyle factors were assessed using standard questionnaires and procedures.
results : from all islands , the proportion of males aged 65-80 , 80-90 and > @number@ years was @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the proportion of women , for the same age categories , was @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
current smoking significantly declined in males as age increased ( p < @number@ ) .
all participants above the age of @number@ years reported sleeping at noon.
the proportion of participants living alone differs significantly ( p < @number@ ) across the three age groups.
dietary characteristics of the mediterranean islands study ( medis ) sample display a favourable adherence to dietary recommendations ( mediterranean diet ) .
future research should further evaluate whether the aforementioned characteristics are associated with longevity beyond the average life expectancy.
lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers and tobacco smoking remains its most important etiologic factors.
the most frequently p53 mutated codons of lung cancer are @number@ ( exon @number@ ) and @number@ ( exon @number@ ) .
allele frequencies in the nonsmokers were @number@ for the arg / pro allele and @number@ for the pro / pro allele in our study population.
no mutation was detected in both smokers and nonsmokers in p53 codon @number@
chaperones are important players in the aging process as they prevent protein misfolding and aggregation.
in drosophila melanogaster , mitochondrial hsp22 ( dmhsp22 ) , is localized in the mitochondrial matrix and is preferentially up-regulated during aging.
chem.
@number@ 43382-43385 ) .
long lived flies expressing hsp22 also have an increased resistance to oxidative stress and maintain locomotor activity longer.
in the present study , the cross-species effects of hsp22 expression were tested.
dmhsp22 was found to be functionally active in human cells.
it extended the life span of normal fibroblasts , slowing the aging process as evidenced by a lower level of the senescence associated beta-galactosidase.
the distance from the mirror was increased until they no longer held fixation.
binocular acuities were tested with the teller acuity card procedure.
results : reliability was rated ' good ' in @number@ and @number@ infants respectively , for mirror distances and for the acuity cards.
data were also included for moderate reliability ( n = 20 and @number@ respectively ) .
the mean mirror distance was @number@ cm ( range @number@.5-178 , sd = 42.8 ) .
the mean teller acuity was @number@ cycles per degree ( range @date@ @number@ sd = 2.8 ) .
( snellen equivalent 6 / 82 , range 6 / 900- @date@ ) .
using multivariate analysis , only age retained significance.
conclusion : mirror fixation distance increases with age in infants and has a good correlation with acuity card results.
the portability and ease of use would make it a useful additional tool for detecting impaired visual function in infants.
background : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
copd increases health care resource utilization and spending and adversely affects quality of life.
data from the clinical and economic outcomes in medicare beneficiaries with copd who reside in long-term care ( ltc ) facilities are limited.
objective : the purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and economic outcomes associated with copd in medicare beneficiaries residing in ltc facilities.
the study cohort comprised ltc facility residents aged > or = 60 years who had a diagnosis of copd.
the date of the first prescription fill was considered the index date.
measures of health care resource utilization included copd-related and all-cause hospitalizations and emergency department ( ed ) visits.
cost analysis outcomes included copd-related and all-cause inpatient , outpatient , pharmacy , ltc , and total costs during the 12-month postindex period.
a total of @percent@ of patients had > or = 1 hospitalization ; @percent@ , > or = 1 ed visit.
age was not associated with copd-related hospitalization , all-cause ed visits , or copd-related ed visits.
twelve-month copd-related and all-cause direct expenditures per beneficiary were us $ 7391 and $ 48 , 183.
background : population aging poses significant challenges to primary care providers and healthcare policy makers.
primary care reform can alleviate the pressures , but these initiatives require clinical benchmarks and evidence regarding utilization patterns.
all patients @number@ years and older ( n = @number@ ) were included.
there were no gender differences for inpatient hospital admissions and number of health conditions.
with the exception of the 85 + age group , we found greater intra-group variability with advancing age.
conclusion : the data present a map of greater interaction with and dependency on the health care system with advancing age.
there is the need to create and evaluate innovative models of care of multiple chronic conditions in the late life course.
vibration biomechanical stimulation as the physiological basis of vibration physical exercises ( whole body vibration ) causes reflecting muscle contractions like tonic vibration reflex.
this type of training has broad positive influence on organism.
the study is devoted to the problem of congenital disorder cleft palate in elderly population.
main characteristics of cleft palate syndrome and its influence on quality of life are described in the article.
congenital defects including cleft palate are the serious problem which occupies different sides of society's life.
patients of young age get definite rehabilitation but elderly people are often really alone with cleft palate negative symptoms.
special disorders of life functions in elderly people are provided by cleft palate.
the peculiarities of clinic course of stomach cancer and its relapse were analyzed in @number@ histories.
the work presents the research data on quality of life of @number@ patients with temporary intestinal stoma.
the basic group was made of @number@ patients aged 60 + years , @number@ patients younger than @number@ years were included in the control group.
researches were carried out by means of a scale of an estimation of quality of life mos-sf-36 in @number@ and @number@ months after the colostomy.
in @number@ months after colostomy , the indicators estimating physical well-being were above in the control group , the indicators estimating mental well-being were comparable.
arterial hypertension contributes essentially into development of chronic heart failure and chronic ischemia of the brain , which results in social dependence of geriatric patients.
one of the important factors in the development of arterial hypertension is the state of lipids peroxidation.
the nature creates a number of mechanisms , which defend the organism from cosmic rays and free radicals as consequence.
however , the malfunctions of these mechanisms damage the genetic apparatus , accelerate the aging and bring to a number of illnesses.
to limit the nitric oxide production , the mechanism of melatonin formation is used , which has a circadian rhythm.
tumors of hormone dependent tissues compose about 35-45% of the whole cancer morbidity.
current approaches to evaluation of efficacy and safety of potential life span extending drugs ( geroprotectors ) are reviewed in the paper.
principles and criteria of evaluation of degree of evidence the experimental studies in rodents as well as a possibility of extrapolation to humans are discussed.
the conversion of the mechanisms of reversible disintegration into mechanisms of irreversible disintegration is the consequence of progressive evolution.
it makes obvious that the stochastic mechanism of aging is incorrect.
at the same time , the alternative mechanism of the programmed aging is not developed yet but preconditions for it development have already been created.
living bodies incorporate molecules involved in biological functions with all their potencies , not only those implicated in the respective functions.
the useful properties are exploited by enzymatic catalysis.
the excessive properties have manifestations that accompany the enzymatic processes and may be not only irrelevant but even overtly adverse.
the accumulation of damage caused by these multiple parametabolic processes results in the reduction of vitality generally known as aging.
collagens are major constituents of connective tissues in the animal kingdom.
during aging and inflammatory-related diseases , the collagen network undergoes oxidation that leads to structural and biochemical alterations within the collagen molecule.
collagen oxidation appears to be a key determinant of aging and a critical physiopathologic mechanism of numerous diseases.
further , the detection of oxidized-collagen peptides seems to be a promising approach for the diagnosis and the prognosis of inflammatory diseases.
background : color-doppler ecocardiography and cardiopulmonary stress test are pivotal in the evaluation of patients with heart failure.
given the central role of the thymus in tolerance , these facts have stimulated the interest in the biology of the thymus in humans.
clinical trials using thymopoiesis-stimulating factors are underway.
current protocols inducing microchimerism to generate tolerance to solid organ grafts suggest that this could be a feasible therapeutic goal.
recent developments in basic and translational immunology open new exciting perspectives for inducing transplantation tolerance in the clinic.
induction of tolerance , defined as permanent acceptance of the transplant in the absence of continuous immunosuppression , is an achievable goal.
however , a number of hurdles still need to be overcome before immunosuppressive drugs can be safely withdrawn in solid organ transplant recipients.
objective : elder self-neglect is a common public health issue , but it is unclear to what degree it is associated with cognitive function.
this study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between self-neglect and cognitive function.
an index of global cognitive function scores was derived by averaging z-scores of all tests.
linear regression models were used to assess the association of self-neglect severity and cognitive function.
results : self-neglect was associated with poorer cognitive function.
conclusion : self-neglect is associated with lower global cognitive function , episodic memory and perceptual speed.
future studies are needed to examine the temporality of these associations.
objectives : the apolipoproteine epsilon4 ( apoe epsilon4 ) allele influences cognitive decline ( cd ) in some but not in all individuals.
we predicted that problems meeting bn would have a greater influence on cd among those with the apoe epsilon4 allele than those without the allele.
methods : participants consisted of community-dwelling older adults from the duke established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly ( epese ) .
data were drawn from waves @number@ and @number@ which were @number@ years apart.
cognitive functioning was assessed at both waves so that change in cognitive status was examined over time , and cognitive status was controlled at baseline.
genotyping , however , was not obtained until wave @number@
results : the apoe epsilon4 allele and problems meeting bn independently predicted cd.
importantly , the influence of bn on cd was greater for individuals with the apoe epsilon4 allele compared to those without the allele.
other indicators of socioeconomic status ( e.g. , education , income ) did not interact with the apoe epsilon4 allele in predicting cd.
conclusions : there is a synergistic effect of perceived problems meeting bn and the apoe epsilon4 allele on jointly influencing cognitive functioning.
although genetic risk factors are not easily modifiable , resource deprivation may be more amenable to interventions , which may reduce risk for cd.
then we reported the assessment outcomes with respect to the rates , severity , and correlates of depressive symptoms.
the sample consisted of @number@ mow clients.
negative binomial regression analysis was used to determine the correlates of depression symptom severity.
a significantly higher proportion of those under age @number@ years was found to have clinically significant depressive symptoms and probable mdd.
implications of and recommendations for incorporating a valid depression-screening tool into social service agencies ' existing assessment process are discussed.
we studied @number@ aged normal ( an ) subjects , @number@ mcis and @number@ ads with pet using [ ( @number@ ) c ] bf-227.
on the other hand , glucose hypometabolism in mci was confined to cingulate and medial temporal cortices.
neocortical bf-227 uptake negatively correlated with glucose metabolism.
metal dyshomeostasis in the brain ( bmd ) has often been proposed as a possible cause for several neurodegenerative disorders ( nds ) .
nevertheless , the precise nature of the biochemical mechanisms of metal involvement in nds is still largely unknown.
mounting evidence suggests that normal aging itself is characterized by , among other features , a significant degree of metal ion dysmetabolism in the brain.
this review will primarily focus on the alterations of metal homeostasis that are observed in normal aging and in alzheimer's disease.
the opportunities for metal-targeted pharmacological strategies in the major nds are briefly outlined as well.
adjustment of vo ( 2p ) and delta [ hhb ] were modeled using a mono-exponential equation by non-linear regression.
aberrant neuronal re-entry into the cell cycle is emerging as a potential pathological mechanism in alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
method : selective literature review including current regulations , guidelines and recommendations for cataract surgery.
results : the main symptom of cataract is loss of visual acuity , which usually progresses slowly.
it can arise in one eye or both.
there is a basic distinction between congenital and acquired cataracts.
the probability of developing a cataract rises with age because of biochemical aging processes.
the development of a cataract becomes highly likely from the sixth decade of life onward.
conclusions : as no effective medications for cataract are available at present , its current standard treatment is the removal of the clouded lens.
in industrialized countries , this is usually done with ultrasound ( phacoemulsification ) , followed by the implantation of an iol.
diabetic patients , including those with microalbuminuria , have a decreased ability to metabolize and excrete oxidants prior to observable changes in serum creatinine.
thus , os and inflammation may occur in the diabetic kidney at an early time.
ventricular dysfunction is frequently encountered in fontan patients.
the volume requirements for optimal growth and development of the ventricle and the lungs are different and divergent.
recq helicase family members are involved in multiple dna repair pathways , protecting the genome from incorrect recombination during mitosis and maintaining its stability.
this is the first study to analyze the associations between polymorphisms in wrn , blm and rmi1 and crc risk.
although none of them showed a significant association with crc , the association of blm p868l with rectal cancer risk requires further investigation.
objective : to identify risk factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( iih ) in men.
design : case-control study.
setting : outpatient clinics in two us tertiary care centers.
analysis with mantel-haenszel odds ratios and mixed-effects logistic regression models accounted for matching.
results : cases and controls had similar enrollment matching characteristics.
conclusions : men with iih are more likely than controls to have symptoms associated with testosterone deficiency and osa.
these associations suggest a possible role for sex hormones and osa in the pathogenesis of iih in men.
emg ( mf ) of the elderly and the young increased monotonically from @percent@ to @percent@ @number@ rm testing conditions.
the results indicate the declines of muscle mass , force and power production capacity with aging.
the observations could be explained by neuromuscular performance and change of mu activation patterns may result from age-related sarcopenia.
aging affected muscle power more than muscle strength , which could be due to fast fiber reduction.
we suggest that mmg could be used as an important measurement in studying muscle contraction in age-related sarcopenia.
the objective of this study was to examine the association of telomere length with coronary artery calcification in middle aged adults.
finally , we examined the relation of telomere length to extensiveness of cac.
mean telomere length was significantly shorter with more extensive coronary calcification.
in old age , 5-10% percent of all falls result in a fracture , and up to @percent@ of all fractures result from a fall.
this article describes the link between fall risk and fracture risk in community-dwelling older persons.
which factors attribute to both the fall risk and the fracture risk ?
which falls result in a fracture ?
which tools are available to predict falls and fractures ?
directions for the use of prediction tools in clinical practice are given.
challenges for future research include further validation of existing prediction tools and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of treatment after screening.
this review discusses the amount of vitamin d supplementation needed and a desirable 25-hydroxyvitamin d level to be achieved for optimal musculoskeletal health.
vitamin d modulates fracture risk in two ways : by decreasing falls and increasing bone density.
osteoporosis and fragility fracture become common with advancing age in men.
the incidence of osteoporosis-related fracture is similar to myocardial infarction and exceeds that of lung and prostate carcinoma combined.
these fractures cause substantial morbidity , and the mortality following hip fracture is greater in men than in women.
a decline in sex steroids and glucocorticoid and alcohol use , among other factors , contribute to bone loss and fracture risk.
despite the high prevalence , osteoporosis remains largely undiagnosed and undertreated.
sirt1 , a mammalian member of the sirtuin gene family , holds great potential for promoting longevity , preventing against disease and increasing cell survival.
sirt1 may also interfere with mechanisms implicated in pathological disorders.
we will present recent evidence indicating that sirt1 may protect against alzheimer's disease by interfering with the generation of beta-amyloid peptides.
bipolar disorder ( bd ) is a progressive psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent changes of mood and is associated with cognitive decline.
there is evidence of excitotoxicity , neuroinflammation , upregulated arachidonic acid ( aa ) cascade signaling and brain atrophy in bd patients.
these observations suggest that bd pathology may be associated with apoptosis as well as with disturbed synaptic function.
these differences may contribute to brain atrophy and progressive cognitive changes in bd.
harman's free radical theory of aging posits that oxidized macromolecules accumulate with age to decrease function and shorten life-span.
however , nutritional and genetic interventions to boost anti-oxidants have generally failed to increase life-span.
furthermore , the free radical theory fails to explain why exercise causes higher levels of oxyradical damage , but generally promotes healthy aging.
to unify these disparate theories and data , here , we propose the epigenetic oxidative redox shift ( eors ) theory of aging.
according to eors , sedentary behavior associated with age triggers an oxidized redox shift and impaired mitochondrial function.
in order to maintain resting energy levels , aerobic glycolysis is upregulated by redox-sensitive transcription factors.
to avoid this catastrophic cycle , lactate dehydrogenase is upregulated at the expense of lactic acid acidosis.
this metabolic shift is epigenetically enforced , as is insulin resistance to reduce mitochondrial turnover.
several steps in the pathway are amenable to reversal for exit from the vicious cycle of eors.
examples from our work in the aging rodent brain as well as other aging models are provided.
such need arises in functional neuroimaging studies , where individual differences in cognitive performance are variables of interest or serve as confounds.
in genetic studies of complex behavior , which require particularly large samples , such trait measures can serve as endophenotypes.
we present a computerized battery that takes an average of 1h and provides measures of accuracy and speed on @number@ neurocognitive domains.
they are cognitive neuroscience-based in that they have been linked experimentally to specific brain systems with functional neuroimaging studies.
we describe the process of translating tasks used in functional neuroimaging to tests for assessing individual differences.
item consistency was established with acceptable to high cronbach alpha coefficients.
inter-item correlations were moderate to high within domain and low to nil across domains , indicating construct validity.
initial criterion validity was demonstrated by sensitivity to sex differences and the effects of age , education and parental education.
exposure to a variety of exogenous toxicants also promotes ros production directly or through indirect means to cause toxicity.
background : the relationships between n-terminal fragment probnp ( b-type natriuretic peptide ) ( nt-probnp ) and sex steroid hormones have not been fully elucidated.
we examined these associations in pre- , peri- and postmenopausal women without known cardiovascular disease.
methods : forty-nine premenopausal women , @number@ perimenopausal women and @number@ postmenopausal women were enrolled in one study.
forty-four premenopausal women with leiomyoma were recruited for another study , and @number@ of those women were treated with a gnrh agonist.
serum levels of nt-probnp , estradiol , testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin ( shbg ) were measured.
results : nt-probnp concentrations showed significant inverse correlations with body mass index ( bmi ) in peri- and postmenopausal women.
serum ntprobnp concentrations showed significant positive correlations with shbg in peri- and postmenopausal women.
these significant correlations remained after adjustment for age and bmi.
serum nt-probnp concentration was significantly decreased after gnrh agonist administration , while nt-probnp concentration in the control group did not change significantly.
serum shbg level was also significantly decreased after gnrh agonist administration.
background : women tend to develop more and deeper wrinkles in the perioral region than men.
objective : the purpose of this study was to investigate gender-specific differences in the perioral skin.
in @number@ fresh male and female cadavers , three full-thickness lip resections were investigated in a blinded fashion for specific histologic features.
all results were statistically analyzed in a linear regression model with spss software ( version @number@ spss , chicago , il ) .
results : the female replicas showed more and deeper wrinkles than the male replicas ( p < @number@ ) .
the reader is presumed to have a basic understanding of facial anatomy and facial rejuvenation procedures.
after reading this article , the reader should also be able to : @number@
identify the essential anatomy of the face as it relates to facelift surgery.
@number@
describe the common types of facelift procedures , including their strengths and weaknesses.
@number@
apply appropriate preoperative and postoperative management for facelift patients.
@number@
describe common adjunctive procedures.
physicians may earn @number@ ama pra category @number@ credit by successfully completing the examination based on material covered in this article.
this activity should take one hour to complete.
the examination begins on page @number@
once you have completed the article , you may then take the examination again for cme credit.
modern aesthetic surgery of the face began in the first part of the 20th century in the united states and europe.
initial limited excisions gradually progressed to skin undermining and eventually to a variety of methods for contouring the subcutaneous facial tissue.
this particular review focuses on the cheek and neck.
overall patient management , including patient selection , preoperative preparation , postoperative care , and potential complications are discussed.
background : a limited body of evidence , mostly based on self-report , is available regarding physical activity levels among american-indian adults.
anthropometric measurements were also assessed.
all data analyses were conducted in @number@
age-adjusted pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between average steps per day and age and anthropometric variables.
results : daily pedometer steps ranged from @number@ to @number@
efforts to increase physical activity levels in this population are warranted.
we discuss the present results in the context of neuroanatomical and process-oriented theories of how memories age.
method : review of the literature on pubmed with the following keywords \ "poliomyelitis \ " and \ "post-polio syndrome ( pps ) \ ".
all these symptoms lead to significant changes in mobility with falls and inability to carry on with daily life activities.
there are several intricate causes.
the normal aging process and weight gain are regularly blamed.
respiratory disorders and sleep disorders must be looked for : respiratory insufficiency , sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea , restless legs syndrome.
orthopedics complications are quite common : soft-tissue pathologies of the upper limbs , degenerative pathologies of the large joints or spinal cord , fall-related fractures.
finally , the onset of an authentic pps is possible.
conclusion : the therapeutic care of this late functional deterioration requires regular monitoring check-ups in order to implement preventive measures and appropriate treatment.
this therapeutic care must be multidisciplinary as physical rehabilitation ; orthotics and technical aids are all essential.
they were administered with a questionnaire in @number@ and the responses were compared with their 5-year survival status in @number@
background : whole body vibration has recently been used as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment of children with disabling conditions.
the purpose of this study was to determine if children transmit vibration differently than adults while standing on a vibration platform.
transmissibility of vibration to various skeletal landmarks was assessed with a high speed motion analysis system.
interpretation : transmissibility of whole body vibration while standing is not markedly different between children and adults.
more importantly , transmissibility to the head is not different between groups.
an 83-year-old female , who had a history of anterior myocardial infarction , was treated for alzheimer's disease with donepezil.
she suffered from repeated diarrhea and vomiting , and experienced syncope.
she was admitted to our hospital and was diagnosed with acute colitis and syncope.
on admission , her heart rate was @number@ beats / min with regular rhythm.
laboratory data showed a low plasma potassium level.
electrocardiogram ( ecg ) showed poor r progression , st elevation , negative t in precordial leads , and marked qt prolongation.
transthoracic echocardiogram showed the enlargement of the left atrium and aneurysmal area at the apex.
torsades de pointes ( tdp ) with syncope and convulsion were confirmed on ecg monitoring twice after admission.
we treated her with potassium chloride and started magnesium sulfate and lidocaine , and then added isoprenaline injection.
after these treatments , her heart rate increased and we did not detect tdp again.
with the aging population in japan , prescriptions for donepezil are increasing.
we have to be vigilant for syncope in patients taking donepezil , which is possibly related to qt prolongation and tdp.
two of the major risk factors for cvd are advancing age and obesity.
cr is the only environmental or lifestyle intervention that repeatedly has been shown to increase maximum life span and to retard aging in laboratory rodents.
this article reviews evidence that cr in nonhuman primates and people has a positive effect on risk factors for cvd.
evidence from animal models and preliminary studies in humans indicates that calorie restriction ( cr ) delays cardiac aging and can prevent cardiovascular disease.
despite the beneficial effects of cr , its large-scale implementation is challenged by applicability issues as well as health concerns.
in older persons with and without cardiovascular disease , muscular strength and endurance contribute to functional independence and quality of life , while reducing disability.
aging skeletal muscle responds to progressive overload through resistance training.
in men and women , strength improves through neuromuscular adaptation , muscle fiber hypertrophy , and increased muscle oxidative capacity.
the increase in muscle oxidative capacity is due to the combination of strength development and aerobic exercise often used in resistance-type circuit training.
this article reviews the physiologic response to resistance training in older adults and discusses the impact of resistance exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors.
physical activity moderates such insidious aging patterns and is a vital preventive and therapeutic strategy to optimize health throughout the aging process.
regular exercise provides many physiologic benefits , reduces risk of disease outcomes , and triggers important psychological gains.
advanced age presents distinctive obstacles to maintaining a physically active lifestyle.
individualized exercise strategies and regimens make it possible , however , for every elderly adult to benefit from physical activity.
there is thus an enormous opportunity to foster successful aging and to increase functional life years through expanded efforts aimed at cvd prevention.
this article reviews in vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea in health and disease and examines clinical and research applications of this new technology.
however , the biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear.
to our knowledge , no studies have examined the association between experiences of discrimination and crp.
experiences of discrimination were assessed with the 9-item everyday discrimination scale and crp was assayed from blood samples.
older adults , even with clinically normal hearing sensitivity , have auditory perceptual deficits relative to their younger counterparts.
this difficulty may in part , be related to a decline in the neural representation of frequency.
the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age on behavioral and physiological measures of frequency representation.
thirty two adults ( ages 22-77 ) , with hearing thresholds @number@ db hl at octave frequencies @number@.25-8.0 khz , participated in this experiment.
frequency discrimination difference limens ( fdls ) were obtained at @number@ and @number@ hz using a two-interval , two-alternative forced choice procedure.
linear regression analyses showed significant declines in fdls at both frequencies as age increased.
frequency-following responses ( ffrs ) were elicited by @number@ and @number@ hz tonebursts , as well as at frequencies within and outside those fdls.
linear regression of ffr phase coherence and ffr amplitude at frequencies at and slightly below @number@ hz showed significant decreases as age increased.
therefore , pitch discrimination , as measured by fdls , and neural representation of frequency , as reflected by ffr , declined as age increased.
although perception and neural representation concurrently declined , one was not predictive of the other.
despite the behavioral differences observed , similar abeta pathology was observed between tg mice on the two genetic backgrounds.
our objective was to determine renal function in patients with primary osteoporosis ( type @number@ ) and its relationship with bmd.
methods : patients with primary osteoporosis diagnosed using dexa were evaluated in this cross-sectional analysis.
the relationship between renal function and bmd was analyzed.
results : included in the study were @number@ women with a mean age @number@ + or - @number@ years.
there was a positive relationship between spine bmd and moderate affection of renal function ( f = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
no relationship was found between hip bmd or fracture with renal function ( p = @number@ ) .
background : developments in data collection technology enable evaluation of kinematic characteristics of the drawing process.
methods : the participants comprised @number@ elderly people with mild mdd and @number@ matched controls.
both groups performed a clock drawing task using a computerized system.
kinematic measures included : number of segments drawn , performance time , pressure implemented towards the drawing surface , and pen azimuth.
three representative spatial characteristics were analyzed per segments drawn on the paper : height , width and length.
the clock drawing tasks were blindly scored with freedman's method.
cognitive state was quantified using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) and depression with the geriatric depression scale ( gds ) .
results : freedman's method found no between-group differences.
the azimuth measure correlated with the gds score , and pressure with the mmse and the gds scores.
spatial measures did not correlate with either the mmse or gds.
pressure , segment width and length , azimuth and segment height allowed correct classification of @percent@ of the participants.
conclusions : a computerized system focusing on the clock drawing task might be sensitive to altered performance among elderly people with mild mdd.
there is little information on the regional distribution of food allergy in australia.
data were compiled from the @number@ statistical divisions in mainland australia plus the island of tasmania ( n = 53 observations ) .
data from the australian department of health and aging and the australian bureau of statistics were analysed by statistical division.
among young children , hypoallergenic formula prescription rates are more common in the southern and eastern regions of australia.
patients / methods : sequential reproductive manipulations were performed with cryopreserved semen from a deceased affected ram.
the resultant animals were examined for hematologic parameters , clinical symptoms , and responsiveness to human fviii ( hfviii ) .
the full coding region of sheep fviii mrna was sequenced to identify the genetic lesion.
results and conclusions : the combined reproductive technologies yielded @number@ carriers and @number@ affected animals.
the latter had almost non-existent levels of fviii : c and extremely prolonged aptt , with otherwise normal hematologic parameters.
inhibitors of hfviii were detected in four treated animals , further establishing the preclinical value of this model.
sequencing identified a premature stop codon and frame-shift in exon @number@ providing a molecular explanation for ha.
it also includes comprehensive cardiovascular assessment , blood biochemistry , genetics and proteomics.
the socio-demographic and health data on the first @number@ pairs of twins participating in this study are presented.
prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is @percent@ and of dementia @percent@ in the sample.
the target sample size is @number@ with at least @number@ pairs of twins aged 65-90 years.
the cohort will be assessed every two years , with in-depth assessments being repeated.
oats offers an excellent opportunity for collaboration with other similar studies as well as researchers who share the same interests.
fish hg mif anomalies are 10-fold lower than those published for fish species from midlatitude lakes.
this is possibly related to lower residence times of mmhg in the itenez compared to the beni river floodplains.
calculation of photodemethylation intensities from hg or mmhg mif , therefore , requires a baseline correction.
previous studies have shown increased false memory effects in older compared to younger adults.
to investigate this phenomenon in event memory , in the present study , the authors presented younger and older adults with a robbery.
moreover , older adults were more likely than younger adults to accompany these errors with remember judgments.
young adults accepted fewer false verbal actions than visual ones and awarded fewer remember judgments to their false alarms for verbal than for visual actions.
older adults , however , did not show this effect of type of information.
these results suggest that aging is a relevant factor in memory for real-life eyewitness situations.
there is increasing evidence for influence of alzheimer's proteins and neuropathology on ischemic brain injury.
the interactions of these molecules and influence on beta-amyloid peptide synthesis and contribution to ischemic brain degeneration and finally to dementia are reviewed.
current evidence suggests that inflammatory process represents next component , which significantly contribute to degeneration progression.
moreover , ischemic neurodegeneration is strongly accelerated with aging , too.
new therapeutic alternatives targeting these proteins and repairing related neuronal changes are under development for the treatment of ischemic brain consequences including memory loss prevention.
the morphology of the cervical spine was assessed by lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained in accordance with an innovative method for establishing a standardized head posture.
a total of @number@ linear variables and @number@ angular variables were used to clarify the dimensions of the cervical vertebrae.
the results suggest that a few measurements can be used as parameters of vertebral maturation both for males and females.
we propose original morphological parameters that may prove remarkably useful in the determination of bone maturational stages of the cervical spine in children and adolescents.
emerging findings suggest that both ad and chronic adverse stress affect hippocampal neural networks in a similar fashion.
we describe alterations in hippocampal plasticity , which occur in both chronic stress and ad including dendritic remodeling , neurogenesis , and long-term potentiation.
their hair were exposed to licatack , which is a recently developed new anti-louse medicinal product containing extracts of grapefruits besides high quality shampoo components.
prior to this field trial , the product licatack was tested dermatologically to be skin safe receiving the grade \ "very good \ ".
the children's mothers combed the kids prior to the start of the test in order to confirm that they were all lice-infested.
the obtained lice were used for in vitro tests.
all children were heavily infested.
after combing and preservation of the living lice , the hair was wet with tap water.
then , @number@ ml of the licatack shampoo was placed onto the top of each child's head.
then , the mothers distributed the rather fluid product all over the hair thoroughly from their base at the skin until the free end.
the dead lice always appeared considerably shrunken due to drying.
experiments with cutoff nits , however , showed that the product also kills larval stages inside nits.
methods : @number@ healthy men aged between @number@ and @number@ years were tested.
no correlation was found comparing gh peak after itt with the same parameters.
ten subjects presented gh peak of less than @number@ microg / l after gst , none confirmed in itt.
in the 1990s , estrogens were thought to protect the aging brain.
large randomized controlled studies , however , showed that estrogens did not treat dementia symptoms and even increased risk for dementia in older women.
observational data had also suggested a significantly decreased risk for dementia in women who had been treated with estrogens for menopausal symptoms in midlife.
in addition , after a longer period of time , treatment may confer risk , especially in older women.
from this it would follow that longer term treatment with estrogens to maintain cognitive function is not indicated for older women.
whether there still is a case to treat surgical menopausal women with estrogens for a longer or shorter period of time remains to be tested.
the menopausal transition ( mt ) is the time in each woman's reproductive life that precedes the final menstrual period ( fmp ) .
mt is associated with changes in bleeding pattern and hormone profiles.
current data show an increase in fsh and decreases in amh , inhibin b and estradiol over mt.
amh appears to be the first marker to change , followed by fsh and inhibin b. estradiol declines in late mt.
to date , there are no validated hormone cutpoints that predict the length of mt or fmp.
there are very preliminary data on amh as a predictor of menopause.
reproductive hormones have long been thought to have a significant impact on brain function in humans.
estrogens , progestins and androgens have all been shown to have effects on nerve growth and function in vitro.
both mood and sleep disorders have been associated with the menopausal transition , but observed effects appear modest.
background : worldwide , the rate of aging is highest in japan , especially the female population.
however , the in-hospital mortality remains relatively higher in female than in male patients ( @percent@ vs @percent@ in @number@ ) .
female patients were characterized by higher age and lower pci rate.
( circ j @number@ 74 : @number@ - @number@ ) .
results : there was a linear relationship between both age and weight and cf.
no patient suffered any adverse effects.
conclusions : forces well below the recommended value of @number@ n will cause significant compression / distortion of the airway in a child.
mets was defined in accordance with the atp iii criteria.
age groups were classified as : < 35 , 35-49 , 50-64 , and > or = 65 years.
common carotid artery plaque was defined as focal encroachment of the arterial wall and cca calcification as acoustic shadowing.
in any age group , subjects with mets presented thicker , stiffer or less distensible , and wider large arteries than controls.
the arterial burden of mets increased as the number of altered mets components increased.
however , not all mets components were associated with the same changes in arterial properties.
the impact of mets on arterial function was similar in men and women.
conclusion : mets accelerates age-associated arterial changes , even in older persons.
however , not all the clusters of mets components render the same burden on arterial structure and function.
decrements in working memory and processing speed were associated with iadl limitations ( p < @number@ ) .
nondemented adults with diabetes exhibit neuroanatomic and cognitive abnormalities.
their cognitive deficits correlate with everyday functional limitations.
background : microparticles ( mp ) are shed membrane vesicles released from activation or apoptosis of several cell types and carry a procoagulant activity.
the diagnosis of infection was reached when it was classified as certain or possible by an expert panel.
circulating mp were isolated from venous citrated blood.
procoagulant activity was determined using annexin v ( prothrombinase activity ) and tissue factor ( tf ) assays.
results : one hundred and eleven patients were included.
compared with young patients , response to sepsis was altered in elders concerning emp , annexin v mp , and tf-bearing mp.
conclusion : elderly patients expressed a different pattern of mp in stable conditions , with a different response to sepsis in procoagulant activity modification.
longitudinal epidemiologic studies with irregularly observed categorical outcomes present considerable analytical challenges.
generalized linear models ( glms ) tolerate without bias only values missing completely at random and assume that all observations contribute equally.
a triggered sampling study design and an analysis using inverse intensity weights in a glm offer promise of effectively addressing both shortcomings.
it is intended to mitigate bias introduced by study participant loss to follow-up.
in this paper , the authors analyze data from the leap study to illustrate the methods and benefits of inverse intensity weighting in glms.
an additional benefit of the analytical approach presented is that it allows for assessment of the utility of triggered sampling in longitudinal studies.
we found that children with ba chronological age discrepancy fitted better to the ba bmd reference curve than to the chronological age bmd reference curve.
these results indicate that ba-based bmd values are more accurate in predicting bmd in children who have a discrepancy between their ba and chronological age.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the hip joint is a common disorder , especially in aging peoples of caucasian descent.
hip oa like oa in other joints is heterogeneous and may manifest in early or late adult life.
the hip arthropathy which occurs in hereditary haemochromatosis ( hh ) and the ostensibly idiopathic precocious bilateral concentric form of hip oa are virtually indistinguishable.
accordingly , the possibility exists that the causal factors for these conditions may be very similar.
confirmation of this hypothesis could have implications for the prevention and strategic medical management of this form of oa.
neurodegeneration was most prominent in the dentate gyrus and was significantly increased in the cerebellum leading to aggravated motor deficits.
( hpb ) surgery encompasses major hepatic resection and pancreatic surgery , both procedures of high complexity with a potentially high complication rate.
the establishment of centres of excellence with a high patient volume has lowered the complication and increased the resection rate.
besides this , increased life expectancy and improved general health status have increased the number of elderly patients eligible for major surgery.
because elderly patients have more co-morbidities and decreased life expectancy , the benefit of these procedures must be critically evaluated in such patients.
this aspect was also confirmed by cost analysis studies that reported similar data in both groups.
similar findings are also reported for major hepatic resection in elderly patients with either hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , klatskin tumour or gallbladder carcinoma.
nevertheless , those elderly patients who will benefit from surgery must be critically selected.
moreover , the developments of new emerging conditions ( e.g. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ) and novel therapeutic approaches have provoked increasing enthusiasm among hepatologists.
some liver diseases are particularly frequent in the elderly , e.g. chronic hepatitis c and hepatocellular carcinoma.
the clinical course and management of liver disease in the elderly may differ in several aspects from those of younger adults.
selected patients aged @number@ and older have a chance of treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin , despite a higher likelihood of side effects.
colorectal cancer is one of the commonest tumours in the westernized world affecting mainly the elderly.
effective screening permits discovery of colorectal cancer at an early highly treatable stage and allows for detection and removal of premalignant colorectal adenomas.
broad use of screening methods has lowered colorectal cancer development by about @percent@.
with appropriate care of age associated comorbidities these treatment modalities are feasible and effective in the geriatric population.
the prevalence of constipation increases with age.
however , constipation is not a physiological consequence of normal ageing.
the scientific evidence base from which to develop specific treatment recommendations for constipation in older people is , for the most part , slim.
the topic of gastroenterology ( gi ) in the elderly has been extensively reviewed.
the maldigestion and malabsorption coupled with altered motility contributes to the development of malnutrition.
drug use increases with age and the elderly is at increased risk of adverse drug reactions.
gastrointestinal adverse effects are one of the most often reported.
serious event are mostly caused by nsaids and / or aspirin which are the most widely prescribed medications in the world.
nsaids and / or aspirin use are associated with complications from both the upper and the lower gastrointestinal tract.
the risk of these complications depends on presence of risk factors , and age is the most frequent and relevant one.
treatment of helicobacter pylori infection is beneficial in patients starting therapy with these agents , especially in the presence of ulcer history.
the best strategy to prevent lower gi complications has yet to be defined.
one of the major clinical consequences of the gastric frailty is the higher vulnerability to the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease during ageing.
in this review recent data on gastric changes during ageing , focussing especially on histological modifications and motility disorders are summarized.
population aging is a global phenomenon.
people aged @number@ and over comprise @percent@ of the population of europe.
about half of the world's elderly population live in the developing world.
many of the gastrointestinal disorders seen in specialist practise show age-specific incidence and prevalence rates that increase substantially with increasing age.
in this review , hospitalization rates for gastroenterological disorders in england are presented by age to demonstrate gradients with age.
as the developing world becomes more urbanised and westernised , disorders that are now rare in the developing world will probably become much more common.
it has been postulated that the cytoskeleton controls many aspects of t cell function , including activation , proliferation and apoptosis.
research into the age-associated decline in the immune system has focused on the factors that contribute to the accumulation of senescent cd8 t cells.
less attention has been paid to the non-immune factors that may maintain the pool of naïve cd8 t cells.
previous studies have shown that older subjects have difficulties discriminating the walking direction of point-light walkers.
in two experiments , we investigated the underlying cause in further detail.
in experiment @number@ subjects had to discriminate the walking direction of upright and inverted point-light walkers in a cloud of randomly moving dots.
in general , older subjects performed less accurately and showed an increased inversion effect.
nevertheless , they were as accurate as young subjects for upright walkers during training , in which no noise was added to the display.
these results indicate that older subjects are less able to extract relevant information from noisy displays.
however , when both local motion and global form information were present in the display , older subjects were less accurate then younger subjects.
older subjects again exhibited an increased inversion effect.
these results indicate that both older and younger subjects rely more on global form than local motion to discriminate the direction of point-light walkers.
also , older subjects seem to have difficulties integrating global form and local motion information as efficiently as younger subjects.
all conditions of continuous bimanual circle drawing were associated with age-equivalent temporal control.
this was also true for discrete simultaneous tapping.
also , older adults exclusively showed a relationship between the most difficult bimanual circling condition and a measure of working memory.
oats are known to be a healthy food for the heart due mainly to their high beta-glucan content.
in addition , they contain more than @number@ unique polyphenols , avenanthramides , which have shown strong antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.
to date more than @number@ compounds are recognized to belong to the class of flavonoids.
the abundance of stem cells harvested from adipose tissue enables us to instantly apply primary cells without culture expansion.
although cellular mechanism of ascs is not completely understood , recent researches have disclosed some of their unique functions as mesenchymal stem cells.
there have been increasing numbers of scientific reports on the therapeutic effect of ascs on skin repair , scar remodeling and rejuvenation.
wound healing and scar remodeling are complex , multi-cellular processes that involve coordinated efforts of many cell types and various cytokines.
currently , other attractive functions of ascs in the recovery of extrinsic aging and radiation damage are under active investigation.
it seems that autologous ascs have great promise for applications in repair of skin , rejuvenation of aging skin and aging-related skin lesions.
hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum ( lf ) can reduce the diameter of the spinal canal posteriorly.
the thickness of @number@ ligaments was determined at the l4-l5 and l5-s1 levels from mris.
we screened @number@ patients ( @number@ males [ @percent@ ] and @number@ females [ @percent@ ] ) between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
there were no significant differences in lf thickness with respect to gender ( p > @number@ ) .
age was not correlated with the thicknesses of the lf.
the left lf at the l4-l5 and l5-s1 levels was significantly thicker than on the right side ( p < @number@ ) .
furthermore , the lf thicknesses at l5-s1 bilaterally were significantly greater than on the corresponding sides at l4-l5 ( p < @number@ ) .
the lf is an important anatomical structure , which might cause low back or leg pain.
therefore , the thickness of the lf should be measured and evaluated carefully in the case of spinal stenosis.
maximal voluntary force ( mvc ) , maximal motor unit firing rate , and motoneuron ahp duration were measured on two occasions.
the training group participated in six dorsiflexor exercise training sessions between test and retest.
at baseline , young subjects had higher mvc force and maximal motor unit firing rate , and shorter ahp duration , compared with older subjects.
these results indicate that age-related changes in neuromuscular function are not a necessary consequence of aging.
secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complex metabolic alteration secondary to chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
vitamin d is a hormone whose actions take place through a specific receptor , the vitamin d receptor ( vdr ) , which is ubiquitous.
accordingly , heterogeneous biological effects can be added to the classical effects on mineral bone metabolism.
the expression of these receptors is reduced during ckd.
fgf23 is a circulating factor produced by osteocytes that inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption and 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity.
as such , fgf23 is involved in phosphate homeostasis and its serum levels increase along with the progression of ckd.
interestingly , fgf23 has very low affinity for its receptor and requires the activity of klotho , an anti-aging gene , to become active.
these new actors allow us to identify a bone-kidney axis , whose real physiological importance is still under evaluation.
in this article we will provide an overview of the epidemiology of the cardiovascular risk factors in ckd.
this research examined age differences in the accommodation of reading strategies as a consequence of explicit instruction in conceptual integration.
in experiment @number@ young , middle-aged , and older adults read sentences for delayed recall using a moving-window method.
readers in an experimental group received instruction in making conceptual links during reading while readers in a control group were simply encouraged to allocate effort.
experiment @number@ verified that conceptual integration training improved immediate recall among older readers as a consequence of engendering allocation to conceptual processing.
design : descriptive , cross-sectional.
setting : tertiary medical center.
there was a strong association between age and gst performance in the pitch and yaw planes ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
poor gst performance in the yaw plane was associated with balance capacity with eyes closed.
conclusion : although most older adults completed gst testing , estimates were not interpretable in almost @percent@ due to prolonged perception time.
self-reported balance tended to be associated with an objective assessment of vestibulo-ocular reflex in this population of older adults.
design : systematic review of the published , peer-reviewed literature.
there was clear evidence of an association between penetrating brain injury and impaired cognitive function.
factors that modified this association included preinjury intelligence , volume of brain tissue lost , and brain region injured.
there was also suggestive evidence that penetrating brain injury may exacerbate the cognitive effects of normal aging.
we found clear evidence for long-term cognitive deficits associated with severe tbi.
there was suggestive evidence that moderately severe brain injuries are associated with cognitive impairments.
conclusion : in adults , penetrating , moderate , and severe tbis are associated with cognitive deficits @number@ months or longer postinjury.
there is insufficient evidence to determine whether mild tbi is associated with cognitive deficits @number@ months or longer postinjury.
the objective was to assess the severity of illness upon admission in relation to age and gender , in a single-center , prospective observational study.
place was the emergency room in a general community hospital in oslo , norway.
patients were consecutively admitted for acute care from @date@ to @date@ .
the effect of female gender was @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) .
gender difference was highest among patients @number@ years and older.
conclusions : older patients admitted for acute care have a higher severity of disease than younger ones.
males have more severe disease than females , particularly the oldest.
the aim of the present review was to help to shed some light on the relationship between iwl and ad.
methods : we focus on the problem of the relationship between ad and iwl , and on which comes first.
we also explored the relationship between limb asymmetry and physical functioning.
no consistent association between lower limb asymmetry and measures of physical functioning was observed.
conclusions : assessment of lower limb strength and power asymmetry is more reliable in mobility-limited elders when compared to healthy middle-aged and older subjects.
background and aims : the term frailty is used to describe older persons at high risk for adverse health outcomes.
methods : this study is based on cross-sectional analysis of @number@ community-dwelling seniors from the montreal unmet needs study ( muns ) .
the five characteristics of frailty were operationalised using measures available in muns.
the cochran-mantel-haenszel test was used to identify variables associated with frailty.
overlaps between frailty , comorbidity and disability were assessed using proportions.
results : overall , @percent@ were classified as frail , @percent@ prefrail and @percent@ non-frail.
frailty was associated with age , sex , income , education , number of chronic diseases , adl disability , and iadl disability.
among those classified as frail , @percent@ had disabilities in adls , @percent@ in iadls and @percent@ had comorbidity.
background and aims : an epidemiological analysis of cases of spontaneous community acquired septic arthritis in an elderly population at a university teaching hospital.
methods : confirmed cases of spontaneous septic arthritis in the over-65 population were studied.
patients with prosthetic joint infections were excluded from the study.
analysed data included initial presenting complaint and clinical examination , hematological and microbiological tests together with ultimate patient outcome.
the mean age was @number@ ( range 65-82 ) with a mean length of stay of @number@ days.
those with septic arthritis of the knee presented with swelling , pain and immobility.
hip cases presented with pain and immobility.
all patients were systemically well at the time of presentation , with no other foci of infection detected after septic screening.
all patients had confirmed aspirate and arthroscopic / arthrotomy infection.
staphylococcus aureus was isolated from @number@ joint aspirations and pseudomonas aeruginosa from one patient.
complications of treatment included acute renal failure , cardio / respiratory failure , disseminated infection , and death ( @number@ case ) .
conclusion : septic arthritis must be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with joint pain , swelling and immobility.
this diagnosis is not confined to the pediatric population.
a background of degenerative disease and occult presentation in the elderly may delay diagnosis.
methods : the honolulu asia-aging study is a longitudinal study of japanese-american men based on the honolulu heart study birth cohort.
the original cohort consisted of @number@ participants with selective service records who were living on the island of oahu , hawaii , in @number@
for this analysis , baseline was defined as the 1991-1993 examination ( n = @number@ ) when men were aged 71-93 years old.
multivariate logistic regression and cox proportional hazards models were used , adjusting for potential confounders.
results : we identified @number@ prevalent cases and @number@ incident cases of pd during the follow-up.
conclusions : these results suggest high fibrinogen level is associated with increased risk of pd among men over @number@ years.
methods : cortisol levels were measured using morning saliva samples from @number@ individuals with amci and from @number@ healthy elderly.
chronic stress was evaluated with the stress symptoms list ( ssl ) , whereas coping strategies were assessed using the jalowiec coping scale.
results : amci subjects with high ssl scores presented higher cortisol levels ( p = @number@ ) .
furthermore , amci subjects who employed emotion-focused coping had higher ssl scores ( p = @number@ ) .
furthermore , little is known about biomarkers of aging and ba score ( bas ) for healthy people in china.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to identify the biomarkers of healthy aging and to establish bas for healthy people in china.
individual bas were significantly correlated with ca ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : our data suggest that bas is superior to ca in assessing the rate of aging in healthy chinese people.
the cardiovascular variables play a crucial role in the evaluation of biological aging.
biological aging rate appears to be age specific.
as we expected variability of relative phase was larger for older participants than for younger ones for both the in-phase and the anti-phase coordination patterns.
moreover , phase transitions occurred at lower frequencies for older participants and more transitions were observed for older than for younger participants.
background : much attention has been focused on the need to design strategies to increase functional capacities in older populations.
this has raised several questions regarding the ability of regular endurance training to preserve functional capacity with age.
maximal voluntary contractions and evoked contractions of the knee extensor muscles were performed before and after the exercise.
results : decreases in maximum voluntary contractions ( older : @percent@ ; young : @percent@ ) and electromyographic activity were not different between groups.
peak twitch torque was reduced only for the older men and no changes in voluntary activation and m-wave properties were recorded in either group.
dancing is a mode of physical activity that may allow older adults to improve their physical function , health , and well-being.
however , no reviews on the physical benefits of dancing for healthy older adults have been published in the scientific literature.
using relevant databases and keywords , @number@ training and @number@ cross-sectional studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed.
eleven participants were tested to evaluate ba and pta stiffness.
similarly , arterial stiffness indices of the pta remained unchanged after the exercise , whereas hr increased significantly ( p < @number@ ) .
steps , distances , and speeds ( on foot and in vehicle ) were determined.
this research explored the balance benefits to untrained older adults of participating in community-based resistance and flexibility programs.
sway velocity and mediolateral sway range were recorded.
timed up-and-go , @number@ times sit-to-stand , and step test were also assessed , and lower limb strength was measured.
resistance training resulted in significant increases in strength that were not evident in the flexibility intervention.
participants were randomized to @number@ of @number@ treatment groups : pt , st , or wait-list control.
both pt and st paused briefly at the midpoint of the movement and completed the eccentric phase of the movement in 2-3 s.
pt and st groups showed significant improvements in ke and lp 1rm compared with the control group.
maximum ke and lp power increased approximately twofold in pt compared with st.
in older adults with compromised function , pt leads to similar increases in strength and larger increases in power than st.
thirty participants did not start a program ; median attendance in the other @number@ participants was @percent@.
small but significant associations were observed between attendance and memory in the mi-wp and general cognition in the li-ap.
associations were no longer significant when both groups were analyzed together.
intensity , assessed using percentage of heart-rate reserve and the borg scale , equaled intended intensity for both programs.
aerobic fitness improved significantly in participants in the mi-wp.
in conclusion , cognition was not clearly associated with attendance in the @number@ participants starting the mi-wp , and average attendance was good.
the intensity was feasible for participants who continued the mi-wp.
the findings support the proposal that regular moderate-intensity walking improves aerobic fitness in adults with mci.
z scores indicate that older american women performed better in all functional tests than age-matched brazilians.
this fact could be explained by the delayed establishment of specific health policies for older adults in brazil.
in conclusion , the findings provide guidelines about the normal variation of functional fitness in older women from the southern region of brazil.
in addition , these data can be used to help identify older women with functional losses , thereby assisting in the diagnosis of early disability.
background : vitamin d deficiency has potential adverse effects on neurocognitive health and subcortical function.
there were @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) with dementia , @number@ of which were classified as probable ad.
the metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban was evaluated in vitro.
the contribution of cyp2c8 , 2c9 , and 2c19 to metabolism of apixaban was less significant.
h reflexes were evoked in the ecr by stimulating the radial nerve above the elbow.
contraction intensity did not influence the amount of d1 inhibition or heteronymous ia facilitation for either group of subjects.
background : quick step execution may prevent falls when balance is lost ; adding a concurrent task delays this function.
we investigate whether push-off force-time relations during the execution of rapid voluntary stepping is affected by a secondary task in older and young adults.
methods : nineteen healthy older adults and @number@ young adults performed rapid voluntary stepping under single- and dual-task conditions.
peak power and peak force were not affected by a concurrent attention-demanding task.
conclusion : older adults have difficulty allocating sufficient attention for fast muscle recruitment when concurrently challenged by an attention-demanding task.
taking the above into account , our aim was to quantify greek adolescents ' exposure to shs using serum cotinine levels.
conclusively , almost all of the measured greek adolescents were exposed to shs , even when their parents were non-smokers.
this finding indicates the need for both community and school-based educational programmes as also the implementation of a comprehensive ban on smoking in public places.
we concentrate on incident dementia risk over @number@ years.
methods : participants come from mrc cfas , a multi-centre longitudinal population-based study of ageing in england and wales.
three follow-up waves of data collection were used : @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
two types of control groups were used : non-demented and highly functioning non-demented.
results were back-weighted.
restricting the control group accentuated these differentials.
the effects of ace alleles / genotypes on incident dementia risk were small.
conclusions : apoe but not ace is associated with late-onset incident dementia in the population.
using longer term follow-up with proper adjustment for attrition and incident cases increases estimates of risk.
research on the use of health care by older newly-diagnosed cancer patients is sparse.
newly-diagnosed cancer patients aged @number@ years and over were recruited in the segal cancer centre , jewish general hospital , montreal , canada.
one hundred ten patients participated , mean age @number@ @percent@ women.
no frailty marker predicted hospitalization or visits to the gp.
cognitive impairment suspicion was the only frailty marker that predicted ed visits ( odds ratio @number@ 95%ci @number@.14-21.69 ) .
although health care use was considerable in this sample , most frailty markers were not associated with health care use in this pilot study.
during the past decade , there has been a sharp increase in the number of vascular procedures performed in the united states.
due to the increase in the size of the aging population , this trend is predicted to continue.
despite this , general public knowledge about vascular surgery appears low.
this gap may significantly affect the success of vascular surgery as a specialty.
to objectively define knowledge about vascular surgery , we administered a questionnaire to both a sample of the general population and medical students.
vsq was tested for reliability and validity.
the maximum score possible was @number@
statistical analysis was used to assess differences in vsq scores.
two hundred gp and @number@ ms subjects completed the questionnaire.
the mean vsq score for gp and ms groups was @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ ) , respectively.
forty-one percent of the gp group received a score of less than @number@
just @percent@ of the gp group agreed with the statement that vascular surgeons treat patients with wounds that do not heal.
finally , only half of the gp group agreed that vascular surgeons treat patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.
the gp cohort significantly underestimated the average length of postgraduate training ( five years ) to become a vascular surgeon.
level of education , income , and residence in the western states significantly correlated with higher scores.
this has protean implications for the future of our specialty and public health in the united states.
three hundred and twenty women ( 63-75 years ) without overt cardiac diseases and apparent mobility limitations were studied.
participants walked 533 + / -75 m in the six-minute walking test.
in hypertensive participants ( systolic blood pressure = sbp > or = 160 mmhg ) , the respective values were @percent@ and @percent@.
the best predictors of long walking distance were ability to squat without limitations and low bmi ( @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ) .
altogether the studied variables explained @percent@ of the variation in walking distance.
the data gathered in clinical examination give useful information for the assessment of walking ability in relatively healthy older women.
resting ecg does not give clinically significant additional information for the assessment in subjects without overt cardiac disease.
this study includes @number@ persons whose mean age was @number@.3 + / -6.6 years.
their demographic characteristics , cognitive function , their balance , falling risk and their physical fitness level have been evaluated.
a survey has been done to determine their demographic features.
however , there was no correlation between the bbt and chair sit-and-reach test , back scratch test ( p > 0.05 ) .
agility and dynamic balance performance were mostly relevant with falling risk.
we concluded that the old persons ' falling risk and physical fitness level should be evaluated in some intervals.
we investigated the association of early and late life events with hpa axis regulation in older persons.
early and late life events were assessed during a home interview.
no associations were found with evening cortisol.
the objective of this study is to explore family caregiver accounts of their experiences within the health care system and with individual providers.
methods : a thematic analysis of secondary qualitative data was performed.
results : considered together , the findings can be viewed as manifestations of a need and desire for security in palliative family caregiving.
further empirical research is needed that explicitly focuses on caregivers ' experiences of security and insecurity in the domains identified in this article.
this will contribute to theory building as well as assist in identifying the causes and consequences of security.
drugs currently used for the treatment of ad produce limited clinical benefits and do not treat the underlying causes of the disease.
compounds that interfere with proteases regulating abeta formation from amyloid precursor protein ( app ) are also actively pursued.
with all these anti-abeta approaches in clinical testing , we will know in few years if the abeta hypothesis of ad is correct.
a great deal of work has been carried out on therapeutic potential of ganoderma lucidum.
ganoderma lucidum has now become recognized as an alternative adjuvant in the treatment of leukemia , carcinoma , hepatitis and diabetes.
present review focuses on the pharmacological aspects , cultivation methods and bioactive metabolites playing a significant role in various therapeutic applications.
frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) has two pathological types : tau-positive and tau-negative.
the most common tau-negative type is ftld with ubiquitinated inclusions , which are composed of tar dna-binding protein-43 ( tdp-43 ) ( ftld-tdp ) .
type @number@ is characterized by numerous nci in the cortices , associated with the involvement of lower motor neurons.
type @number@ is characterized by both nci and dn with variable nii.
lower motor neuron involvement is usually less prominent in types @number@ and @number@ than in type @number@
these findings suggest that ftld-tdp and als are at two ends of the same disease spectrum , i. e. , tdp-43 proteinopathy.
both hereditary and sporadic breast cancers may develop through dysregulation of self-renewal pathways of normal mammary stem cells.
networks of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors that control cancer cell proliferation also regulate stem cell self-renewal and possibly stem cell aging.
the wiedemann-rautenstrauch syndrome ( wrs , omim : @number@ ) characterizes a premature aging syndrome in which several features of aging are apparent at birth.
these findings suggest that wrs represents a distinct progeroid entity that may be caused by recessive mutations of a different gene.
the tol score was calculated according to the krikorian method and also the execution time was measured.
the results were adjusted for age and education.
results : the evaluation of cognitive impairment by mmse showed a significant difference in the two groups ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the correlation between mmse and tol is good , but tol test provides complementary information to the mmse and vice versa.
given the high proportion of persons recommended for treatment , nof guidelines may need to be re-evaluated with respect to budget impact.
introduction : little is known about the public health impact of the nof guidelines.
therefore , we determined the proportion of us caucasians recommended for treatment of osteoporosis according to nof guidelines ( @number@ and @number@ ) .
information on clinical predictors was used to estimate the 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture by frax ( version @number@ ) .
given the high proportion of persons recommended for treatment , nof guidelines may need to be re-evaluated with respect to budget impact.
hence an understanding of b cell immunosenescence in particular is vital in designing strategies to combat the effects of age on immune function.
areas of similarity and difference between human and mouse models are highlighted.
af is an expression of underlying heart disease and is increasingly associated with hypertension , congestive heart failure , and ischemic heart disease.
recent experiments provided new insights into af pathophysiology , which generated background for new mechanism-based therapies.
agents targeting inflammation , oxidative injury , atrial myocyte metabolism , extracellular matrix remodeling , and fibrosis have theoretical advantages as novel therapeutic strategies.
this review provides a contemporary evidence-based insight into the possible preventative and reverse remodeling role of statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids in af.
summary : hand radiographs are obtained routinely to determine bone age of children.
this paper presents a method that determines a paediatric bone index automatically from such radiographs.
the paediatric bone index is designed to have minimal relative standard deviation ( @percent@ ) , and the precision is determined to be @percent@.
methods : normal danish subjects ( @number@ ) , of ages 7-17 , and @number@ normal dutch subjects of ages 5-19 were included.
finally , longitudinal series of x-rays of @number@ japanese children are used to derive the precision of the measurements.
it has mean relative sd @percent@ and precision @percent@.
keratinocyte overgrowth after uvb exposure is believed to contribute to skin photoageing and cancer development.
however , little is known about the transcription factors that epigenetically regulate keratinocyte response to uvb.
in cultured keratinocytes , hif-1alpha was found to be down-regulated shortly after uvb exposure and to be involved in uvb-induced proliferation.
in mice repeatedly treated with uvb , the epidermis became hyperplasic and keratinocytes lacked hif-1alpha in nuclei.
based on these results , we suggest that the deregulation of hif-1alpha is associated with uvb-induced hyperplasia of the epidermis.
this work provides insight of the molecular mechanism underlying uv-induced photoageing and skin cancer development.
this in vitro study evaluated the marginal adaptation of etch-and-rinse adhesives.
standardized class ii cavities were cut in @number@ human molars with one proximal box limited within enamel and one proximal box extending into dentin.
teeth were assigned randomly to five groups ( n = @number@ ) and restored with incrementally placed composite restorations.
marginal adaptation of the restorations was evaluated in a sem ( ×200 ) using a replica technique.
statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric test methods ( p < @number@ ) .
the percentages of \ "perfect margin \ " after aging ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ in enamel and @percent@ to @percent@ in dentin.
\ "marginal opening \ " was observed between @percent@ to @percent@ in enamel and @percent@ to @percent@ in dentin.
in enamel and dentin , both , g3 showed significantly more gap formation than g1 and g2.
comparing marginal adaptation to enamel and dentin within each group yielded only for g1 no significant differences.
tert-butanol-based xp bond showed excellent marginal adaptation in both enamel and dentin.
objective : to assess relationships between refractive error and ocular and general parameters.
on the other hand , apo d expression has been correlated , in some brain regions , with normal ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
to achieve this study , slot-blot techniques , for protein and mrna , as well as immunohistochemistry and hybridohistochemistry methods , were used.
immunohistochemistry and non-isotopic in situ hybridization showed that apo d is synthesised in both neurons and glial cells.
spatial navigation is a complex cognitive skill that is necessary for everyday functioning in the environment.
however , navigational skills are not typically measured in most test batteries assessing cognitive aging.
empirical studies to date clearly identify navigation as an aspect of cognitive function that is vulnerable to the aging process.
outstanding issues in the field are addressed and productive avenues of future research are suggested.
among these outstanding issues include the necessity of performing longitudinal studies and differentiating between hippocampal and extra-hippocampal contributions to aging in navigation.
age-related cognitive declines are common and inevitable , but life trajectories of brain and cognitive functions are variable and plastic.
in spite of such thematic diversity , several common threads are clear.
to achieve better compensation for age-related changes in cognition , we need to understand their brain substrates , telling cognitively relevant from epiphenomenal.
a questionnaire was used to evaluate the easiness of accomplishment of spirometry and forced oscillation.
respiratory system resistance and dynamic compliance were not related to the ageing process.
the easiness of accomplishment of forced oscillation measurements was greater than that of spirometry.
this result was particularly relevant in subjects over @number@ years old ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : respiratory system resistance and dynamic compliance are not modified with ageing.
on the other hand , respiratory system homogeneity decreases during the ageing process.
forced oscillation is easy to perform and provides information complementary to spirometry.
loss of muscle mass is an unfavourable consequence of aging and many chronic diseases.
the debilitating effects of muscle loss include declines in physical function and quality of life and increases in morbidity and mortality.
subjects / methods : this is a multicenter study on a population-based sample of italian people aged 65-84 years.
the italian longitudinal study on aging ( ilsa ) included a prevalence phase in @number@ and an incidence phase from @number@ to @number@
the median length of follow-up was @number@ years.
among the @number@ women considered , the last two of the above five categories were pooled together ( > 24 g / day ) .
ms was defined according to atp iii criteria.
all statistical analyses were stratified by gender.
by comparing eyebrow shape and position in both young and mature women , this study provides objective data with which to plan forehead rejuvenating procedures.
methods : two cohorts of women aged @number@ to @number@ years and @number@ to @number@ years were photographed to determine eyebrow position.
measurements were made from a horizontal plane between the medial canthi to three points at the upper eyebrow margin.
exclusion criteria included prior surgery , plucked eyebrows , and botulinum toxin.
lateral brow position was significantly higher than the mid brow ( p < @number@ ) .
at all three points , the brow was higher in older compared with younger subjects.
this difference was significant at the medial and mid brow ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : unlike other areas of the body where there is descent of soft tissues , there is paradoxical elevation of eyebrows with aging.
these findings explain why surgical elevation of the mid and medial brow provides results that are neither youthful nor aesthetically pleasing.
techniques that selectively elevate the lateral brow are more likely to have a rejuvenating effect on the upper third of the female face.
calcium hydroxylapatite-induced skin necrosis occurred in @number@ patients after injection in the glabella and the nasolabial fold , respectively.
this is the first report of calcium hydroxylapatite-induced skin necrosis.
injectors should be aware of this potential adverse event and counsel their patients appropriately.
purpose : to describe the use of hyaluronic acid gel for upper eyelid filling , contouring , and rejuvenation.
results : twenty-seven patients were included with a mean follow-up of @number@ months.
more than @percent@ were white women with a mean age of @number@ years ( range , 24-65 years ) .
five patients were classified as type @date@ as type @date@ as type iii , and @number@ as type iv.
the mean volume of filler used was @number@ ml / eyelid ( range , @number@.1-1 ml ) .
two of the @number@ type iv patients still required blepharoplasty / ptosis surgery.
all patients developed mild bruising and swelling but no discoloration or lumpiness.
a blepharoplasty / brow lift / ptosis procedure is still frequently required for hooding due to subbrow deflation ( type iv ) .
design : multisite randomized clinical trial.
setting : eighteen primary care clinics from eight healthcare organizations.
intervention : patients had access for @number@ months to a depression clinical specialist who coordinated depression care with their primary care physician.
measurements : young-old and old-old patients were compared on process of care and outcome variables.
process of care was determined by the type of treatment and level of care received.
results : the process of care variables did not significantly differ between the two age groups.
very few studies specifically evaluated the outcome of obesity treatment in the aging patients.
patients were recruited from @date@ to @date@ in order to have patients with at least one year of potential follow-up.
in particular two groups were enrolled : @number@ patients > or = 65 years old and @number@ patients < 65 years old.
the baseline characteristics , the prescriptions and the treatment outcome were compared.
results : mean age of the elderly patients was @number@.1 + / -3.7 years ( range 65-80 years ) .
the elderly group was characterized by a higher incidence of comorbidities and a lower incidence of eating behavior disorders at baseline.
weight loss was evaluated by analyzing the percentage of patients reaching at least a @percent@ weight loss from baseline after @number@ months of treatment.
in our experience , drop-out rate after @number@ months was similar in adults ( @percent@ ) and in older patients ( @percent@ ) .
the risk of drop-out was increased by the presence of osteoarthritis.
even after adjustments for these confounding variables , age did not play any significant role as drop-out predictor.
conclusion : advanced age seems to be a predictor of poor response to treatment in obese outpatients treated by conventional medical therapy.
drop-out rate was not significantly influenced by age.
older adults represent an extensive proportion of type @number@ diabetic patients.
managing diabetes in this population is challenging , because complex comorbidity and disability often mean that guidelines are not suitable on an individual basis.
recent evidence has raised animated discussion of the possibility that intensive glucose control may cause more harm than benefit , especially in older adults.
the reported association of hypoglycemia with dementia and falls should also be examined.
in the older adult , prudent , personalized therapy , with less rigid targets for patients at higher risk of hypoglycemia , is essential.
the use of agents with a good safety profiles and with the least possibility of causing hypoglycemia is warranted.
background and aims : falls among older people are associated with injury , functional decline , fear of falling , and depression.
this study aims to evaluate the effect of multifactorial fall prevention on function , fear of falling , health-related quality of life and psychological well-being.
the control group received usual care.
results : only the physical function of sf-36 was slightly positively affected by the intervention ( p = 0.04 ) .
background and aims : falls causing injuries among older people and the consequences of those injuries are of increasing concern to public health practitioners.
methods : @number@ community-dwelling elderly who had been enrolled in the shihpai eye study ( 1999-2000 ) were included.
chi-square tests , analyses of covariance and multiple logistic regressions were performed as the main statistical methods.
results : the mean age of the participants was @number@ ( range , 65-91 ) years old.
there were no significant differences in the location or time of falling , but there were different risk factors and consequences in injury severity.
fallers with remarkable injuries had a higher incidence of hospitalization and a greater fear of falling.
no statistically significant decline in quality of life with increasing severity of falling injury was identified after a 12-month follow-up period.
conclusions : gender , visual impairment and orthostatic hypotension were identified as the major risk factors of fall injuries in the elderly.
these factors should be emphasized in order to reduce fall injuries in geriatrics.
this association was evaluated in random persons of age cohorts of @number@ @number@ and @number@ years in a 10- year longitudinal prospective study.
high pth also predicted cognitive decline within a five-year follow-up ( or @number@ ) , but the association disappeared at ten years.
conclusions : elevated pth concentrations are associated with a five-year cognitive decline in a general aged population , independently of ca2 + and renal function.
the role of vitamin d deficiency , the most common cause of elevated pth in the elderly , needs to be further investigated.
background and aims : poor self-rated health is associated with adverse outcomes but its relationship with frailty is not completely understood.
heterogeneity in health status was evaluated ( n = 1260 ) by determining their frailty index ( fi ) .
higher values on the fi indicate worse health status.
we evaluated health attitudes in relation to other health markers and to mortality.
the srhdi and fi were moderately correlated ( r = 0.49 ) and both predicted mortality.
conclusions : measuring srh by an index of deficits is a valid construct and is associated with adverse health outcomes.
background : memory decline is a prevalent aspect of aging but may also be the first sign of cognitive pathology.
virtual reality ( vr ) using immersion and interaction may provide new approaches to the treatment of memory deficits in elderly individuals.
objective : the authors implemented a vr training intervention to try to lessen cognitive decline and improve memory functions.
the eg underwent @number@ months of vr memory training ( vrmt ) that involved auditory stimulation and vr experiences in path finding.
the cg underwent equivalent face-to-face training sessions using music therapy.
both groups participated in social and creative and assisted-mobility activities.
neuropsychological and functional evaluations were performed at baseline , after the initial training phase , and after the booster training phase.
in contrast , the cg showed progressive decline.
conclusions : the authors suggest that vrmt may improve memory function in elderly adults by enhancing focused attention.
objective : to examine changes in the prevalence of mobility limitations and mobile life expectancy of singaporeans aged 55 + .
the prevalence-based sullivan method was used to disaggregate total life expectancy into expected life time without and with mobility limitations.
the impairments mostly began after age @number@ and increased with age particularly at ages 85 + .
discussion : the overall results provided support for the expansion of morbidity hypothesis , and we discussed some possible reasons.
method : participants were randomly assigned into an experimental or control group.
the experimental group completed a 3-month exdase program.
lower-body functioning was assessed using four performance-based measures.
discussion : a relatively simple dance-based exercise can support lower-body functioning in previously sedentary , frail older adults.
one avenue to explore is the concept of copd as a trans-generational disease.
however , injury of the aging lung may result in emphysema.
muscle strength , including leg strength and respiratory muscle strength , are relatively independently associated with mobility disability in elders.
however , the factors linking muscle strength with mobility disability are unknown.
a composite measure of pulmonary function was based on spirometric measures of forced vital capacity , forced expiratory volume , and peak expiratory flow.
respiratory muscle strength was based on maximal inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure and leg strength based on hand-held dynamometry.
mobility disability was defined as a gait speed less than or equal to @number@ m / s based on annual assessment of timed walk.
secondary analyses considered time to loss of the ability to ambulate.
secondary analyses examining incident loss of the ability to ambulate revealed similar findings.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that usually manifests late in life.
physiologic and immunologic changes that occur in copd often mimic changes seen in the aging lung.
this has led some to characterize copd as an \ "accelerated aging phenotype. \ "
at the molecular level , copd and aging share common mechanisms and are associated with significant dysregulation of the immune systems.
to compensate for the decline in the adaptive immune function there is a paradoxical up-regulation of innate immune system resulting in a proinflammatory state.
once the inflammation is triggered , there is a self-perpetuating cascade of inflammation and lung parenchymal damage.
this review will focus on how the aging immune system may contribute to copd development later in life in susceptible individuals.
there is growing evidence of higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in the elderly.
age-associated changes in the structure and function of the lung may increase a pathogenetic susceptibility to copd.
the lung may directly develop copd in old age.
suitable animal models are required to test this hypothesis.
the structural and physiological changes demonstrated senile lung , not emphysema , without alveolar wall destruction.
tobacco smoke exposure resulted in the development of emphysema.
the mechanism of this enhancement needs further investigation and its elucidation should advance copd management.
design : in vitro study.
settings : department of orthodontics , faculty of dentistry , federal university of rio de janeiro , rio de janeiro , brazil.
twenty teeth from each group were subjected to tensile test , failure pattern after debonding and evaluation of resin / enamel interface.
results : the strength of the brackets decreased in groups @number@ and @number@ but was not significant ( p = 0.635 ) .
in general , the failure pattern appeared at the resin / bracket interface or within the resin.
the experimental groups showed an increase in slots and erosions on the surface of the enamel and were more pronounced in group @number@
there were no changes to the internal structure of the enamel.
in most cases , debonding occurred at the adhesive / bracket interface or within the adhesive.
bleaching alters the enamel surface and the resin / enamel interface , but it does not influence bond strength.
by @number@ it is projected that there will be approximately @number@ million new cancer cases and @number@ million cancer deaths per year.
the projected increase will be driven largely by growth and aging of populations and will be largest in low- and medium-resource countries.
under current trends , increased longevity in developing countries will nearly triple the number of people who survive to age @number@ by @number@
objectives : we estimated associations between job insecurity and change over time in the physical and psychological health of older adult men and women.
we controlled for individual characteristics and baseline measures of the outcomes.
during the aging process , remodeling of several body systems occurs , and these changes can have a startling effect upon the immune system.
this is the first of a two-part article on inflammatory processes in aging.
these age-related changes are presented here , including an examination of the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors.
the effect of these changes on the health of the individual and implications for practice are described in part @number@
aging is accompanied by declining function and remodeling of body systems.
the chronic inflammation that ensues has been named " inflammaging. "
inflammaging is associated with many detrimental effects that combine to increase morbidity and mortality.
a multiple regression analysis showed a relationship between the mtdna haplogroups and serum levels of the typical collagen type ii markers.
carriers of the mtdna haplogroup h had higher levels while carriers of the mtdna haplogroup j showed lower levels.
conclusion : a new role for mtdna haplogroups emerges from this work.
background : a lack of biomarkers that identify patients at risk for severe osteoarthritis ( oa ) complicates development of disease-modifying oa drugs.
objective : to determine whether inflammatory genetic markers could stratify patients with knee oa into high and low risk for destructive disease.
methods : genotype associations with knee oa severity were assessed in two caucasian populations.
results : interleukin @number@ receptor antagonist ( il1rn ) snps ( rs419598 , rs315952 and rs9005 ) predicted kellgren-lawrence scores independently in each population.
carriage of the il1rn haplotype influenced the age relationship with severity.
conclusion : il1rn polymorphisms reproducibly contribute to disease severity in knee oa and may be useful biomarkers for patient selection in disease-modifying oa drug trials.
background : health risks associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in older adults are unclear.
after @number@ years , persons with mild subclinical hypothyroidism experienced a similar decline as the euthyroid group but maintained their mobility advantage.
persons with moderate subclinical hypothyroidism had similar mobility and mobility decline as the euthyroid group.
however , few data compare the simultaneous effects of elevated serum glucose and aging on ad.
this sample was @percent@ male , @percent@ white , @percent@ black , @percent@ asian , and @percent@ hispanic.
the relationship among glucose status , age , and ad was analyzed with general linear models by adjusting for factors influential on ad.
an interaction term was used to determine whether age modified the effect of glucose status on ad.
ad was lowest among those with dm.
the interaction term was significant ( p = 0.024 ) .
in those > 65 years of age , the fasting glucose group was no longer a significant predictor of ad.
our data indicate that there are overall differences in ad among dm , impaired fasting glucose , and normal fasting glucose.
however , age modified the effect of glucose status such that differences between the groups diminished with advancing age.
methods : we examined a representative sample of @number@ prime-time advertisements broadcast for a period of @number@ weeks in @number@ in germany.
five percent of the advertisements featured at least one older character.
results : @percent@ of the characters were rated @number@ years or older.
older characters were disproportionately featured in major roles , depicted as employed and open to new experience.
furthermore , older characters were most often depicted within intergenerational and nonfamily contexts.
older characters were kept at a greater camera distance than younger characters in \ "young commercials. \ "
discussion : although rare , when older characters did appear , they were depicted as socially engaged.
we compare this portrayal with real-world gerontological evidence and age stereotypes and discuss how the portrayal might affect viewers.
in skeletal muscle and tendon the extracellular matrix confers important tensile properties and is crucially important for tissue regeneration after injury.
myofibrillar protein synthesis was unaffected by elevation of gh and igf-i.
moderate exercise did not enhance the effects of gh manipulation.
thus , increased gh availability stimulates matrix collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon , but without any effect upon myofibrillar protein synthesis.
the results suggest that gh is more important in strengthening the matrix tissue than for muscle cell hypertrophy in adult human musculotendinous tissue.
background : the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in all age groups , including older adults.
however , it is not known whether higher body weight is maintained in the very old and in the years prior to death.
the present study examines whether there are secular trends in body weight in old age among three birth cohorts.
four hundred and seventy-seven men had body weight measured during the last @number@ years prior to death.
body weight was measured biannually with the last visit occurring between @number@ and @number@
differences in body weight at the last visit and body weight trajectories across birth cohorts were examined with linear regression and linear mixed-effect regression models.
a significant increasing trend in body weight across birth cohorts was also observed in the few years prior to death.
this study confirms that the obesity epidemic also extends into late life in the current elderly population.
background : developing interventions to prevent frailty in older adults is a priority as it increases the risk for disability , institutionalization , and death.
single chronic inflammatory diseases are known to increase the risk of frailty.
identification of comorbid inflammatory diseases that synergistically might heighten this risk would provide further insight into therapeutic approaches to prevent frailty.
multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between these diseases and frailty.
results : among the frail ( @percent@ ) , @percent@ had both depressive symptoms and anemia and @percent@ had pulmonary disease and anemia.
conclusions : synergistic interactions between specific inflammatory diseases may heighten the risk of frailty.
background : the identification of modifiable risk factors for preventing disability in older individuals is essential for planning preventive strategies.
conclusions : higher level of physical activity and lower energy intake may be protective against the development in adl and iadl disability in older persons.
the prevalence data for atrial fibrillation ( af ) are dated.
the projected prevalence for @number@ was @number@ million for af only , @number@ million for afl only , and @number@ million for af and afl.
in conclusion , the current prevalence of af and afl is high and is projected to increase considerably by @number@
this review discusses major findings from the women's health initiative memory study ( whims ) .
ht-associated reductions in hippocampal volumes were greatest in women with baseline 3ms scores < or = @number@
glycation is the process whereby sugars bind to the free amine residues of proteins.
these newly formed modified molecular species are known as ' advanced glycation end-products' , or ages.
ages trigger proinflammatory , profibrotic and procoagulant cellular responses that are capable of damaging tissues , often targeting particular organs.
in diabetic patients , the conditions needed to promote age formation are all present , and are further accentuated by accompanying renal failure.
the aim of this review is to outline the involvement of ages in the various forms of renal pathology associated with diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathies.
ages are present in all renal compartments in diabetic patients , including the vessels , glomeruli , tubules and interstitium.
many cell types may be activated-specifically , endothelial , tubular and mesangial cells , and podocytes.
hyaluronan , as most macromolecules of the extracellular matrix , are produced by the differentiated mesenchymal cells.
these cells produce also enzymes degrading hyaluronan.
these interactions modulate cell phenotype and produce a variety of effects conditioning the specific functions of tissues.
we shall discuss here several examples studied in our laboratory , concerning skin , cornea and the venous wall.
some of these actions might even be harmful , and could play an important role in aging of connective tissues with loss of function.
some of these age-dependent modifications mediated by hyaluronan will be reviewed and commented , especially the upregulation of matrix degrading enzymes as mmp-2 and mmp-9.
we shall also mention some of our experiments for finding molecules capable of counteracting the harmful effects mediated by hyaluronan.
the human aging process is often accompanied by significant increases in degenerative spine disease.
the pathophysiology of intervertebral disc degeneration has been extensively studied , but the etiology of this aging-related problem remains poorly understood.
platelet activation increases with age , although it is still controversial whether it derives from aging per se or from atherosclerosis concomitant with aging.
the purpose of this study is to clarify the association between platelet activation and aging or atherosclerosis.
we studied the ultrastructure of platelets in the elderly subjects with or without atherosclerosis and healthy young subjects.
it is suggested that platelet activation is not derived from aging but from atherosclerosis , although it is difficult to separate aging from coexisting atherosclerosis.
background : lipofuscin is the most consistent and phylogenically constant morphologic marker of cellular aging.
it is being used in national eye institute / age-related eye disease study ii to evaluate age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) geographic atrophy expansion.
the patient was placed on an over-the-counter daily oral polyphenolic mixture containing resveratrol and re-evaluated @number@ months later.
the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse is believed to be multifactorial.
several risk factors , such as childbirth and aging , have been identified.
suspected aberrations in the structure and function of the connective tissue , muscles , and nerves of the pelvic floor are still under investigation.
aging is becoming a critical heath care issue and a burgeoning economic burden on society.
we studied @number@ \ "healthy \ " and @number@ unselected chinese subjects.
screening for this genetic variation may have predictive value in assessing potential longevity of subjects in china , as well as in the western world.
mafb is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays important roles in development and differentiation processes.
during osteoclastogenesis , its expression is downregulated at the transcriptional level via the jnk and p38 map kinase pathways.
in the present study , we demonstrated that mafb protein stability is regulated by jnk and identified a phosphorylation site , thr62.
these results suggest that phosphorylation of mafb by jnk confers susceptibility to proteasomal degradation.
background : although fatty acids are known to be important in various skin functions , their roles on photoaging in human skin are poorly understood.
objective : we investigated the alteration of lipid metabolism in the epidermis by photoaging and acute uv irradiation in human skin.
then the epidermis was separated from dermis and lipid metabolism was investigated.
we demonstrated that triolein ( tg ) reduced basal and uv-induced mmp-1 mrna expression.
we also demonstrated that triolein could inhibit cerulenin-induced mmp-1 expression.
furthermore , topical application of triolein ( @percent@ ) significantly prevented uv-induced mmp-13 , cox-2 , and il-1beta expression in hairless mice.
conclusion : our results suggest that tg and ffa may play important roles in photoaging of human skin.
here , we show that the therian x started to accumulate new retroduplicate genes with overall sex-biased expression upon therian sex chromosome differentiation.
this process reached its peak within the first approximately @number@ million years of sex chromosome evolution and then leveled off.
purpose : to examine insurance regain among youth with no , nonsevere , and severe disabilities.
methods : the data source for this study was the survey of income and program participation @number@
we examined insurance regain among youth with no , nonsevere , and severe disabilities between the ages of @number@ and @number@ using a longitudinal design.
kaplan-meier survival functions provided estimates of uninsurance spell durations measured in waves , or 4-month intervals.
we conducted a discrete time survival analysis adjusting for personal characteristics.
results : this study includes @number@ youth who entered the sipp with insurance and became uninsured.
@number@ youth ( @percent@ ) regained insurance.
conclusions : youth with severe disabilities and youth without disabilities had similar odds of and durations to insurance regain.
in contrast , youth with nonsevere disabilities had lower odds of regaining insurance and experienced longer durations of uninsurance compared to peers without disabilities.
we recommend additional research into the implications of medicaid eligibility pathways and employment barriers for youth with nonsevere disabilities.
the meniscus is a critical tissue in the healthy knee joint because of its shock absorption and load distribution properties.
meniscal damage is a frequent finding on mri of the osteoarthritis ( oa ) knee.
the damage appears as horizontal , flap , or complex tears ; meniscal maceration ; or destruction.
asymptomatic meniscal lesions are common incidental findings on knee mri of the middle-aged or older person.
this challenges the health professional in choosing the best treatment.
a meniscal tear can lead to knee oa , but knee oa can also lead to a spontaneous meniscal tear.
a degenerative meniscal lesion often suggests early-stage knee oa.
surgical resection of nonobstructive degenerate lesions may merely remove evidence of the disorder while the oa and associated symptoms proceed.
rbcs are prepared by blood banks from whole blood donations and stored in the cold in additive solutions for typically six weeks.
here we review the current state of knowledge about the red cell storage lesion from a proteomic perspective.
the sequences consisted of six 1000-hz tone bursts separated by silent intervals to establish equal tonal iois of @number@ ms within the sequence.
duration dls in ms for increments of a single sequence ioi were measured adaptively by adjusting the duration of the silent interval between two tones.
sequence position of the target ioi differed across conditions.
listeners included young normal-hearing adults and older adults with and without hearing loss.
discrimination performance of the two older listener groups was equivalent and significantly poorer than that of the younger listeners in each discrimination condition.
the age-related discrimination deficits were independent of sequence locations of both the target interval and the accented tonal component.
overnight fasting blood samples were collected from all subjects.
serum levels of creatinine , bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary deoxypyridinoline levels were determined in one laboratory.
sif concentrations were measured using highly sensitive methods.
estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) was calculated using serum creatinine level , age and sex.
results : mean sif concentrations were @number@.495mumol / l in men and @number@.457mumol / l in women.
sif concentrations were independently related to egfr in both sexes and to menopause status in women.
sif concentrations in women were significantly higher in the post-menopausal group than in the pre-menopausal group.
conclusion : sif concentrations in middle-aged healthy subjects were increased with an age-related degeneration in renal function.
sif concentrations in post-menopausal women arise from the increased fluoride release from bone after menopause.
age is not related to sif concentrations.
trichothiodystrophy ( ttd ) is an autosomal recessive disorder with symptoms affecting several tissues and organs.
the most relevant features are hair abnormalities , physical and mental retardation , ichthyosis , signs of premature aging and cutaneous photosensitivity.
the clinical spectrum of ttd varies widely from patients with only brittle , fragile hair to patients with the most severe neuroectodermal symptoms.
to date , four genes have been identified as responsible for ttd : xpd , xpb , p8 / ttda , and ttdn1.
the number of older people who continue to drive is constantly increasing.
however , whether older people have more traffic accidents than other age groups is unclear.
this age group has certain risk factors due to decreased motor , sensory and cognitive functions and also has greater frailty and vulnerability to injury.
there is growing evidence that normal aging may produce declines in some motor tasks but not others.
the electroencephalograms from @number@ patients with localization-related epilepsy were analyzed to compare the distribution of spike foci in different age groups.
patients were divided into five groups according to spike location in the frontal , central , temporal , occipital , or multiple cortical regions.
the age of peak incidence was earliest in patients with occipital foci , followed by those with central foci and then those with frontal foci.
a bimodal age distribution of patients with temporal foci was observed.
symptomatic patients frequently exhibited multiple and frontal foci , and a large number of idiopathic patients had central , temporal , and occipital foci.
multiple foci were detected in @percent@ of idiopathic patients.
age-related spike localization was uniformly observed , regardless of the epileptic syndrome.
tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix ( ecm ) remodeling and stiffening.
the importance of ecm remodeling to cancer is appreciated ; the relevance of stiffening is less clear.
we found that breast tumorigenesis is accompanied by collagen crosslinking , ecm stiffening , and increased focal adhesions.
these data show how collagen crosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesions , growth factor signaling and breast malignancy.
this internship in care of the elderly should become an obligatory course at all @number@ medical schools in the netherlands.
the result of this training is that knowledge , skills and attitude in care of the elderly improved significantly.
background : there is paucity of information regarding time trends of weight status in children from rapidly developing economies like india.
the aim of the study was to analyse the dynamics of growth and weight transitions in a cohort of school children from india.
weight and height were measured at two time points , one in @date@ and another in @date@ .
the paired data of @number@ @number@ children aged 5-16 years were analysed for the study.
results : the mean interval between the two surveys was @number@ + / - @number@ years.
the corresponding figures in year @date@ were @percent@ , @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
among the underweight children , @percent@ migrated to normal weight status and @percent@ migrated to overweight status.
conversion of underweight to normal weight predominated in urban area and girls.
among the normal weight children , @percent@ migrated to underweight , @percent@ migrated to overweight and @percent@ migrated to obesity.
conversion of normal weight to overweight status predominated in urban area , private schools and boys.
conversion of normal weight to underweight predominated in rural area , government schools and boys.
among the overweight children , @percent@ migrated to normal weight status , @percent@ became obese and @percent@ retained their overweight status.
of the obese children , @percent@ improved to normal weight status , @percent@ improved to overweight status and @percent@ remained as obese in @date@ .
the heterogeneous nature of this transition appears to be due to differences in socio demographic factors.
background : repeated rehearsal is one method by which verbal material may be transferred from short- to long-term memory.
an extensive battery of memory tests was administered on three occasions , each six weeks apart.
results : results indicate a facilitation of new learning that was evident six weeks after rote learning ceased.
there were no severe complications in the e-hcc group.
methods : longitudinal population-based epidemiologic study of @number@ community-dwelling men participating in the massachusetts male aging study.
conclusions : our results indicate that in the context of other risk factors , sexual desire variables at baseline were associated with incident ed.
introduction : limited information is available concerning the general and sexual health status of european men.
aim : to investigate the age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men from different countries of the european union.
results : more than @percent@ of subjects reported the presence of one or more common morbidities.
overall , hypertension ( @percent@ ) , obesity ( @percent@ ) , and heart diseases ( @percent@ ) were the most prevalent conditions.
only @percent@ of men reporting ed were concerned about it.
furthermore , concern about ed increased with age , peaking in the 50-59 years age band , but decreased thereafter.
men in transitional countries reported a higher prevalence of morbidities and impairment of sexual function as well as a lower qol.
conclusion : sexual health declined while concomitant morbidities increased in european men as a function of age.
facial size reduction and facial retraction are key features that distinguish modern humans from archaic homo.
ten female sibship cohorts , each consisting of three individuals , were allocated to one of three groups.
in the experimental group ( n = @number@ ) , microplates were affixed bilaterally across the zygomaticomaxillary and frontonasomaxillary sutures at @number@ months of age.
the sham group ( n = @number@ ) received only screw implantation and the controls ( n = @number@ ) underwent no surgery.
following @number@ months of post-surgical growth , we assessed variation in facial form using linear measurements and principal components analysis of procrustes scaled landmarks.
the aim of this study was to analyze the human orbital asymmetry during development.
bones that had evidence of trauma , malformations or other pathology were excluded.
the skulls were photographed in normal frontalis and images were analyzed with the software autocad @number@ in real scale.
the obtained measurements were : greater horizontal diameter ( hd ) , greater vertical diameter ( vd ) , orbital perimeter and orbital base area.
all skulls showed asymmetry in all measures , except @number@ of them that showed symmetry in vd and perimeter.
the asymmetry occurred in all ages , being calculated as a percent rate for vd @percent@ , hd @percent@ , area @percent@ and perimeter @percent@.
the right orbit presented larger measures.
the asymmetric rate was assumed as the normal anatomic pattern.
the open access series of imaging studies is a series of neuroimaging data sets that are publicly available for study and analysis.
each subject was scanned on two or more visits , separated by at least @number@ year for a total of @number@ imaging sessions.
subjects were characterized using the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) as either nondemented or with very mild to mild alzheimer's disease.
seventy-two of the subjects were characterized as nondemented throughout the study.
the subjects were all right-handed and include both men ( n = @number@ ) and women ( n = @number@ ) .
for each scanning session , three or four individual t1-weighted mri scans were obtained.
multiple within-session acquisitions provide extremely high contrast to noise , making the data amenable to a wide range of analytic approaches including automated computational analysis.
automated calculation of whole-brain volume is presented to demonstrate use of the data for measuring differences associated with normal aging and alzheimer's disease.
the appearance of facial expression wrinkles is the result of chronic contraction of mimic muscles.
nifedipine is a dihydropyridinic calcium antagonist which blocks muscular cells ' calcium channels , therefore inhibiting their contraction.
we assumed that topical nifedipine was able to relax mimic muscular fibres in the same way , thus reducing the depth of wrinkles.
we performed a clinical and experimental study , enrolling @number@ female patients with periocular wrinkles.
they applied a cream containing @percent@ nifedipine ( antrox ; bracco , milan , italy ) once daily for @number@ days.
all parameters were measured before the beginning of treatment , and @number@ and @number@ days later.
at the end of the study , topical nifedipine proved statistically effective in reducing the depth of wrinkles.
no significant differences in the length of wrinkles were recorded.
no significant changes were observed in moisturizing.
tewl gradually improved , although without statistical significance.
on the basis of the results of this study , @percent@ nifedipine cream seems to be effective in reducing the depth of periocular wrinkles.
other studies are necessary in order to confirm these results.
participants were also asked to describe any ethical concerns they had about life extension , if they had any at all.
some novel issues were raised as well as a number of those discussed within the bioethical literature.
background : the interest of epidemiological research about male's aging increased in recent years along with the need to evaluate health-related quality of life.
we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to identify the prevalence of aging male's symptoms ( ams ) and factors associated to this condition.
methods : the study included @number@ men aged @number@ years or older , living in the urban area of pelotas , southern brazil.
the questionnaire covered sociodemographic , behavioral , and health variables , and to verify the aging male's symptoms , the ams scale was used.
after controlling for confounders , the ams was significantly associated with aging , self-perceived health status and smoking.
the symptoms were more severe among physically inactive men.
the project incorporates a developmental action research design in partnership with homeless and formerly homeless women.
through developmental testing of interventions , lhirp identifies promising practices at the individual , group life , intentional community , and city levels.
the paper offers a rationale for the integration of both developmental research and action research , particularly community-based participatory inquiry.
this imbalance leads to damage of important biomolecules and organs with potential impact on the whole organism.
oxidative and antioxidative processes are associated with electron transfer influencing the redox state of cells and the organism.
at present , the opinion that oxidative stress is not always harmful , has been accepted.
imprudent administration of antioxidants may therefore have a negative impact on the organism.
arterial endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and predisposes individuals to the deposition of unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
it can also lead to increased arterial stiffness , which is an accepted cause of increased arterial pulse wave velocity ( apwv ) .
these effects are associated with increased apwv , but are attenuated by rhgh therapy in ghd.
gh replacement increases igf-i levels and reduces crp and large-artery stiffness.
reviews of rhgh in the somatopause have not been overtly favorable.
senescent individuals may benefit from such a combination.
bimatoprost ( lumigan ) is a synthetic prostamide that reduces intraocular pressure ( iop ) by increasing the outflow of aqueous humour.
treatment with bimatoprost was generally well tolerated , with conjunctival hyperaemia ( mostly mild ) , growth of eyelashes and ocular pruritus being commonly reported.
other adverse events included increases in the pigmentation of the iris , perorbital areas and eyelashes.
background : increased use of drugs has raised concern about the risks of polypharmacy in elderly populations.
adverse outcomes , such as hospitalizations and falls , have been shown to be associated with polypharmacy.
so far , little information is available on the association between polypharmacy status and mortality.
methods : this was a population-based cohort study conducted between @number@ and @number@ with mortality follow-up through to @number@
the initial sample ( sample frame n = 4518 , random sample n = 700 ) was drawn from the population register.
for the purpose of this study , two separate analyses were carried out.
in the second phase , survivors ( aged > or = 80 years , n = 339 ) were followed from @number@ to @number@
current medications were determined from drug containers and prescriptions during interviews conducted by a trained nurse.
the kaplan-meier method and cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine the association between polypharmacy status and mortality.
the mortality rate was @percent@ in the first phase and @percent@ in the second phase.
in both phases , the survival curves showed a significant difference in all-cause mortality between the three polypharmacy groups.
in the second phase , the association between excessive polypharmacy and mortality ( hr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) remained significant after adjustments.
age , male sex and dependency according to the instrumental activities of daily living screening instrument were associated with mortality in both phases.
conclusion : this study points to the importance of excessive polypharmacy as an indicator for mortality in elderly persons.
this association needs to be confirmed following adjustment for co-morbidities.
time trends of suboptimal prescribing in older , community dwellers have been poorly investigated , particularly in italy.
objective : to evaluate the time-course modification of suboptimal prescribing in older , community dwellers.
all outcome variables were modelled as continuous and dichotomous.
the proportion of participants receiving polypharmacy was nearly 3-fold greater in @number@ than in @number@ ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ; p < 0.001 ) .
in multivariable models , no change was observed in the number of potentially interacting prescriptions.
inappropriate prescribing of medicines may lead to a significant risk of an adverse drug-related event.
this review aims to identify interventions and strategies that can significantly reduce inappropriate prescribing in the elderly.
a total of @number@ articles published in english were retrieved and considered.
of these , @number@ original studies , involving @number@ to @number@ participants , met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review.
because of variability in assessment methodologies , mixed responses were found for education interventions aimed at improving inappropriate prescribing.
each of the three computerized support system interventions reported produced a significant enhancement in both prescribing and dispensing practices.
pharmacist interventions in community and hospital settings were evaluated in seven studies.
different strategies may be useful in reducing inappropriate prescribing in the elderly.
it is not clear whether combined strategies undertaken simultaneously have a synergistic effect.
this is especially true among elderly patients with existing risk factors for corrected qt ( qtc ) interval prolongation.
we identified @number@ patients who had taken , in total , @number@ antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs.
our most striking finding was that almost four-fifths of our cases involved women.
when the @number@ critically ill subjects receiving haloperidol intravenously were excluded , @percent@ of our subjects were women.
almost three-quarters of our study subjects had cardiovascular disease.
intravenous administration of haloperidol in the critically ill and profoundly agitated elderly warrants particular comment.
of the @number@ subjects in this category identified , six were men and eight were women.
in @number@ cases , the drug dose far exceeded the @number@ mg necessary to produce an antipsychotic effect.
inclusion criteria for our literature review required antipsychotic and / or antidepressant drug-induced qtc interval prolongation.
even so , our finding that @number@ of our @number@ subjects developed pvt is sobering.
however , the reader should not conclude that drug-induced qtc interval prolongation is highly predictive of pvt or its tdp subtype.
all of our study subjects had at least two risk factors for tdp , with age and sex being the most common.
we conclude with recommendations for clinicians not expert in the specialty of cardiology to deal with the many questions raised in this review.
elderly male patients are also subject to qtc interval prolongation when such risk factors are present.
it is important that the clinicians themselves inspect ecgs.
if the qt interval is more than half the rr interval , qtc interval prolongation is likely to be present.
in such cases , a cardiology colleague interested in qtc interval issues and tdp should be asked to review the ecg.
finally , nothing in our recommendations replaces meticulous attention to us fda guidelines in the package insert of each drug.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
copd is especially prevalent in the elderly , affecting @percent@ of those aged > or = 75 years.
the course of the disease in the elderly is often complicated by co-morbid conditions , and its management is complicated by drug-drug interactions.
exacerbations of copd increase rates of hospitalization and mortality and decrease quality of life.
exacerbations are marked by an increase from baseline in dyspnoea , sputum volume and sputum purulence.
approximately @percent@ of acute exacerbations of symptoms in copd are caused by non-typeable haemophilus influenzae , moraxella catarrhalis , streptococcus pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.
antibacterial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial pathogens are evolving , and knowledge of local susceptibility patterns is useful in antibacterial selection.
penicillin , amoxicillin , cotrimoxazole ( trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole ) and doxycycline should not be used as an initial antibacterial because of resistance patterns.
we recommend second- / third-generation cephalosporins , amoxicillin / clavulanic acid , azithromycin and respiratory fluoroquinolones as initial choices.
drug-drug interactions should be considered in antibacterial choice.
the role of pathogenic bacteria in progression of stable copd and the use of prophylactic antibacterials in stable copd are under investigation.
currently available evidence does not support routine clinical use of prophylactic antibacterials in stable copd.
in conclusion , pathogenic bacteria cause a significant proportion of acute exacerbations of copd.
use of antibacterials , based on current susceptibility patterns , is beneficial in patients with severe copd experiencing exacerbations and in patients with severe exacerbations.
resveratrol functions as an agonist for estrogen receptor ( er ) -mediated transcription.
one key enzyme thought to be activated during cr is the amp-activated kinase ( ampk ) , a sensor of cellular energy levels.
here , we show that resveratrol activated ampk in both er-positive and er-negative breast cancer cells.
once activated , ampk inhibited 4e-bp1 signaling and mrna translation via mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) .
to our knowledge , we demonstrate here for the first time that resveratrol induces the expression of sirt1 protein in human cancer cells.
these observations raise the possibility that sirt1 functions as a novel upstream regulator for ampk signaling and may additionally modulate tumor cell proliferation.
targeting sirt1 / ampk signaling by resveratrol may have potential therapeutic implications for cancer and age-related diseases.
preoperative microperimetry showed unstable eccentric fixation with a dense scotoma within the central @number@ degrees.
one month postoperatively , best-corrected visual acuity increased from @number@ to @number@ logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.
ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography revealed the indentation of the posterior scleral profile due to the buckle.
the retina appeared fully attached and a macular hole with flattened edges was still detectable.
microperimetry showed stable central fixation with recovery of retinal sensitivity within the central @number@ degrees.
diagnostic imaging techniques guided the decision to use the posterior episcleral buckling procedure.
microperimetry was useful to explain vision improvement despite residual macular hole.
in this article , several policy initiatives are discussed that address the shortage of health professionals prepared to care for older adults.
initiatives by professional nursing organizations to improve the gerontological nursing workforce are also reviewed.
standard cancer treatments can be safe and effective in older adults and result in improved survival and enhanced quality of life.
because physiological decline varies among older adults , cancer treatment requires an individualized approach.
this article examines the impact of physiological aging on treatment decision making and toxicity management in older adults with cancer.
findings indicated that the women held misconceptions and limited knowledge regarding health and aging.
the results are discussed in relation to disability , women's health , and social support issues , including recommendations for health professionals and care providers.
this study examined age differences on the sense of authenticity and its relation with mental health measured on the general health questionnaire.
participants were @number@ japanese ( m age = @number@ yr. , sd = @number@ ) .
scores on the sense of authenticity scale increased across age cohorts.
correlations of @number@ to @number@ were observed between the sense of authenticity and mental health in all age groups.
a passive listening paradigm was used.
study sample : ten young ( 21-35 years ) and @number@ middle-aged ( 48-57 years ) adults with normal hearing were included in the study.
data collection and analysis : scalp electroencephalographic activity was recorded from @number@ electrodes.
a temporospatial principal component analysis was conducted.
spatial factor scores of individual spatial factors were the dependent variable in separate mixed-design anovas for each temporal factor of interest.
stimulus type was the within-subject independent variable , and age group was the between-subject independent variable.
this aep difference increased as mistuning ( as a second grouping cue ) decreased and remained evident when the ipd was the only grouping cue.
conclusions : we conclude that our findings reflect neurophysiologic differences between young and middle-aged adults for ipd processing in concurrent sound segregation.
background : it has been theorized that neural recovery is related to temporal coding of speech sounds.
the recovery function of cortically generated auditory evoked potentials has not been investigated in cochlear implant ( ci ) users.
research design : a case-control study of the late auditory evoked potentials using electrophysiological technique was performed.
the masker-probe intervals ( mpis ) were varied at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ sec , with an interpair interval of @number@ sec.
study sample : nine ci users and nine nh listeners participated in this study.
the latency shift for the probe response relative to the masker response was calculated.
the probe response completely recovered at the mpi of @number@ sec in nh listeners and at the mpi of @number@ sec in ci users.
other mechanisms such as the compromised inhibitory regulation in the auditory system and the aging effect in ci users might also play a role.
more research needs to be done to determine whether the slope of the laep recovery function is correlated with speech-perception performance.
objectives : changes in health following retirement are poorly understood.
we used serial measurements to assess the effect of retirement on sleep disturbances.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : the french national gas and electricity company.
participants : fourteen thousand seven hundred fourteen retired employees ( @percent@ men ) .
before retirement @percent@ to @percent@ of participants reported having disturbed sleep.
postretirement sleep improvement was explained by the combination of preretirement risk factors suggesting removal of work-related exposures as a mechanism.
the only exception to the general improvement in sleep after retirement was related to retirement on health grounds.
in this group of participants , there was an increase in sleep disturbances following retirement.
conclusions : repeated measurements provide strong evidence for a substantial and sustained decrease in sleep disturbances following retirement.
student-teacher relationships of @number@ children with moderate to borderline intellectual disability and @number@ with typical cognitive development were assessed from child ages 6-8 years.
student-teacher relationship quality was moderately stable for the typical development group , but less so for the intellectual disability group.
at each assessment these relationships were poorer for children with intellectual disability.
child behavior problems consistently predicted more conflict , whereas social skills predicted more closeness.
accounting for these child characteristics reduced the status group difference to nonsignificance.
earlier student-teacher relationships predicted subsequent changes in child behavior problems and social skills.
student-teacher relationships in the intellectual disability group were significantly lower for children in regular than special classes by age @number@
the elderly represent the largest-growing segment of the population.
specialized training in geriatrics is essential for healthcare professionals to provide optimal health care.
( @number@ ) was provided to staff members of a facility to help healthcare providers develop personal insight into the aging process through role play.
this game has provided the staff members with a better understanding of the issues patients experience as they deal with declines in health.
purpose : this study was designed to examine speech understanding ability and temporal processing in middle-aged women with normal or near-normal pure-tone thresholds.
research design : speech understanding , temporal processing ability , and self-assessed hearing were measured in groups of younger and middle-aged females.
study sample : participants were younger and middle-aged females ( n = @number@ per group ) with normal hearing through @number@ hz bilaterally.
subjects were drawn from nonclinical populations.
the gaps-in-noise ( gin ) test ( musiek et al , @number@ ) was used to assess temporal resolution ability.
data were analyzed via repeated-measures anova and pearson r correlations.
although performance in this listening condition was unrelated to pure-tone thresholds , it was strongly correlated with scores on the gin test.
speech understanding performance in the presence of a steady-state masker was related to high-frequency pure-tone thresholds.
conclusions : these results suggest that some middle-aged women with little or no pure-tone hearing loss experience listening difficulty in complex environments.
results also suggest a strong relationship between temporal processing and speech understanding in certain competing speech situations.
background : previous research has noted an age effect on the temporal integration of the acoustic reflex for a noise activator.
purpose : to determine whether the age effect earlier noted for a noise activator will be noted for a tonal activator.
results : a significant main effect for duration was obtained.
that is , as the duration increased , the acoustic reflex threshold for the @number@ hz tonal activator decreased.
the interactions of duration x age group and duration x hearing level were not significant.
there was a nonsignificant main effect ( p = @number@ ) for the between-subjects factor of age.
conclusion : results contradict the findings for broadband noise.
research design : stimuli consisted of monosyllabic words presented in isolation , and nine-word sentences that varied in syntactic complexity.
this took the form of older adults having poorer report accuracy at any given loudness level for sentences with greater syntactic complexity.
this general effect of syntactic complexity on perceptual report accuracy was further exacerbated by age and hearing loss.
it is gradually being replaced by the who child growth standards in many countries.
objective : to assess the implications of adopting the who child growth standards to classify indonesian children according to nutrition status.
methods : data were obtained from two cross-sectional surveys in two districts in indonesia in @number@
children under @number@ years of age were randomly selected using a two-stage cluster sampling.
wasting , stunting , and underweight were defined as z-scores less than @number@
results : we included @number@ children , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were male and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were female.
almost all of the children had initiated breastfeeding and were still being breastfed when the data were collected.
although the contribution of wasting to the classification of underweight was relatively constant , the contribution of stunting increased as the children grew.
conclusions : the who child growth standards are a better tool for assessing the nutritional status of indonesian children than the nchs / who reference.
however , low waz is not a suitable indicator for commencing an extra feeding program , because it reflects stunting instead of wasting.
the high prevalence of stunting indicates the need to perform preventive nutritional intervention beginning earlier in life , i.e. , in utero.
background : previous growth studies of peruvian children have featured high stunting rates and limited information about body composition.
anthropometric measures of growth and body composition were obtained at enrollment from mothers and monthly through @number@ year of age from infants.
weekly morbidity and dietary intake surveillance was carried out during the second half of infancy.
results : the prevalence rates of stunting , underweight , and wasting did not exceed @percent@ based on the world health organization growth references.
no associations were found for maternal education , asset ownership , or sanitation and hygiene factors.
conclusions : peruvian infants in this urban setting had lower rates of stunting than expected.
proximal and familial conditions influenced growth throughout infancy.
background : madagascar has some of the highest rates of child stunting , maternal malnutrition , and infant mortality in sub-saharan africa.
methods : interventions included training , interpersonal communication , community mobilization , and mass media.
the surveys were conducted in six districts with a population of @number@ million.
modest improvement was achieved in maternal dietary practices during lactation and feeding of the sick child after illness.
the results were inconclusive regarding food diversity for complementary feeding.
no improvements were reported in increasing food intake during child illness or pregnancy.
background : anemia is still one of india's major public health problems , especially among adolescent girls.
methods : the study used data from the district level household survey , round @number@ @date@ , conducted under the reproductive and child health project.
data were collected on hemoglobin along with socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors of the households.
the survey covered rural and urban areas of @number@ states or union territories.
data from @number@ adolescent girls were analyzed.
results : the highest prevalence of anemia ( @percent@ ) was observed in jharkhand in eastern india.
the prevalence in the northeastern states was relatively low.
analysis by binary ordered logistic regression showed that anemia status did not depend on urban or rural residence or on age.
conclusions : enhancement of the economic status of families , especially poor families , is a prerequisite to the amelioration of anemia among adolescent girls.
the level of education of the girls is also a major factor.
the authors also draw on qualitative research to examine the transmission of ideology and rhetoric in self-skills training.
self-management policies are part of a shift from patient rights to individual responsibilities , a shift that may be less persuasive than its supporters imagine.
minimally ablative fractional laser devices have gained acceptance as a preferred method for skin resurfacing.
notable improvements in facial rhytides , photodamage , acne scarring , and skin laxity have been reported.
an immunocytochemical study was performed at defined end points in order to obtain information about specific cytokines of the microenvironment before and after treatment.
the secretory pathway of cytokines changed depending on the re-epithelization and the different laser fluences.
in general , studies have focused on their presence in the upper limb , which is used in the majority of daily activities.
the enthesopathies were recorded as either present or absent.
left and right sides were analyzed separately.
the results of the logistic regression established that age was the single most significant factor in enthesopathy formation ( p > @number@ ) .
considering the difficulties of reliably ageing adult human skeletal remains , this is a major issue for studies of activity using enthesopathies.
the volume displacement of the rib cage is related to changes in its circumference using an empirical equation presented by agostoni et al.
( @number@ j appl physiol , 20 : 1179-1186 ) .
the results provide insight into some of the mechanisms underlying age-related changes in the respiratory system.
background : experimentally induced sleep deprivation can raise blood pressure ( bp ) and worsen hypertension.
consequently , sleep efficiency was reduced by @percent@ ( p = @number@ ) and @percent@ ( p = @number@ ) , respectively.
these data suggest that reduced sleep time may contribute to the severity of hypertension.
background : preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality , and its pathogenesis is not fully understood.
recently we reported that plasma levels of marinobufagenin ( mbg ) , a bufadienolide vasoconstrictor cts , are increased four-fold in patients with severe preeclampsia.
the elution time of endogenous placental mbg-like immunoreactive material from reverse-phase hplc column was identical to that of authentic mbg.
conclusions : our results suggest that elevated levels of endogenous bufadienolide cts represent a potential target for immunoneutralization in patients with preeclampsia.
several changes have been reported to occur in the cavernosal tissue and tunica albuginea with aging.
the atherosclerosis of the penis that occurs with aging causes a decrease in penile oxygen tension.
a reduction in the number of smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) has been demonstrated in relation to this change in oxygen tension.
changes in the ratio of penile collagen have also been observed and could explain the decrease in penile elasticity and compliance with aging.
chronic ischemia is therefore associated with fibrosis but also with nitric oxide-cgmp reduction.
the sensitivity of the α-adrenoceptors on the smcs increases with aging.
all of these modifications can explain the prevalence of erectile dysfunction with aging.
numerous mutations in the human a-type lamin gene ( lmna ) cause the premature aging disease , progeria.
some of these are located in the alpha-helical central rod domain required for the polymerization of the nuclear lamins into higher order structures.
in vitro analyses of e145k-lamin a show severe defects in the assembly of protofilaments into higher order lamin structures.
the study also emphasizes the importance of lamins in nuclear assembly and chromatin organization.
the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with advancing age.
fractures are more common in women than in men and , apart from the menopause , the reasons for this difference remain poorly understood.
the growth period is crucial to skeletal development and results in larger bones in males than in females.
many genetic and environmental factors influence the fracture risk.
although women are more prone to fractures , the mortality rate associated with fractures is higher in men.
most of the osteoporosis medications were developed for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and some are licensed for use only in women.
this approach has not been used on stair climbing gait data.
our objective was to use pca to compare the gait patterns between young and older adults during stair climbing.
the three-dimensional net knee joint forces , moments , and angles were calculated using typical inverse dynamics.
pca models were created for the knee joint forces , moments and angles about the three axes.
the principal component scores ( pc scores ) generated from the model were analyzed for group differences using independent samples t-tests.
a stepwise discriminant procedure determined which principal components ( pcs ) were most successful in differentiating the two groups.
results : the number of pcs retained for analysis was chosen using a @percent@ trace criterion.
conclusions : the pca and discriminant function analysis applied in this investigation identified gait pattern differences between young and older adults.
circadian rhythms permeate mammalian biology.
they are manifested in the temporal organisation of behavioural , physiological , cellular and neuronal processes.
our timekeeping mechanism is deeply embedded in cell function and is modelled as a network of transcriptional and / or post-translational feedback loops.
in more complex disorders , where aetiology remains controversial , interactions with the clockwork are only now starting to be appreciated.
background : many members of the american college of emergency physicians are now over the age of @number@
little is known regarding age-specific issues that may impact the careers of emergency physicians in the latter stages of their professional lives.
objectives : to determine issues of concern regarding aging and retirement among a cohort of emergency physicians in pre-retirement years.
the survey instrument consisted of @number@ questions relating primarily to issues of health , finances , and the ability to practice emergency medicine.
four open-ended questions were included at the end of the survey , relating to means of promoting career longevity.
results : there were @number@ usable responses received ( response rate @percent@ ) .
the average respondent was @number@ years old and worked @number@ clinical and @number@ non-clinical h per week.
the average estimated time to complete retirement was @number@ years.
respondents generally viewed themselves as competent clinicians with improved ability to relate to patients and staff and little decline in procedural skills.
however , a substantial proportion reported age-related concerns.
with regard to retirement-related issues , @percent@ reported concerns about adequate financial preparations and @percent@ reported concerns regarding loss of identity upon retirement.
conclusions : respondents to this survey generally viewed themselves as competent , empathic practitioners.
yet a substantial percentage acknowledged at least some degree of cognitive or physical decline.
methods : ten older and @number@ young adults completed step-downs from three heights.
interpretation : these findings highlight that older adults were unable to exert the same vertical-axis control during single-support as young subjects did.
objective : white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) , visualized on t2-weighted mri , are thought to reflect small-vessel vascular disease.
much like other markers of brain disease , the association between wmh and cognition is imperfect.
the concept of reserve may account for this imperfect relationship.
the purpose of this study was to test the reserve hypothesis in the association between wmh severity and cognition.
we hypothesized that individuals with higher amounts of reserve would be able to tolerate greater amounts of pathology than those with lower reserve.
wmh volume was quantified algorithmically.
we derived latent constructs representing four neuropsychological domains , a measure of cognitive reserve , and a measure of brain reserve.
measures of cognitive and brain reserve consisted of psychosocial ( e.g. , education ) and anthropometric ( e.g. , craniometry ) variables , respectively.
results : increased wmh volume was associated with poorer cognition and higher cognitive and brain reserve were associated with better cognition.
controlling for cognitive functioning across all domains , individuals with higher estimates of brain reserve had significantly greater wmh volume.
both brain reserve and cognitive reserve appear to mitigate the impact of pathology on cognition.
the aim of the current study was to examine if variation in ctsd increases the risk of ad.
additionally , a large meta-analysis was performed incorporating our data and previously published data.
the t-allele of ctsd rs17571 was associated with an increased risk of ad ( p-value @number@ ) in the rotterdam study.
this association was predominantly found in apoe ε4 noncarriers.
this study adds to the evidence that ctsd increases the risk of ad , although the effect size is moderate.
background : consensus documents attribute the aging changes in bp to wave reflection moving progressively from diastole into systole.
however , the extensive quantitative data on this phenomenon have never been systematically reviewed.
individual studies have been small , and limited to a narrow age range.
results : in subjects of all ages , reflection times were well within systole.
we should re-evaluate the mechanisms of bp elevation in aging.
inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin ( pg ) e synthase-1 ( mpges-1 ) are being developed for the relief of pain.
af3442 caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of pge ( @number@ ) in human recombinant mpges-1 with an ic ( @number@ ) of @number@.06microm.
in lps-stimulated monocytes , af3442 caused a concentration-dependent reduction of pge ( @number@ ) biosynthesis with an ic ( @number@ ) of @number@.41microm.
in lps-stimulated whole blood , af3442 inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion inducible pge ( @number@ ) biosynthesis with an ic ( @number@ ) of 29microm.
up to 100microm , the other prostanoids were not significantly affected.
in conclusion , af3442 is a selective mpges-1 inhibitor which reduced monocyte pge ( @number@ ) generation also in the presence of plasma proteins.
pharmacological inhibition of mpges-1 did not translate into redirection of pgh ( @number@ ) metabolism towards other terminal pg synthases in monocytes.
the functional relevance of this observation deserves to be investigated in vivo.
abstractthis article presents two studies dealing with ageism.
they also showed that this negative effect was mediated by dogmatism and social dominance orientation , which both exerted a positive effect on ageism.
the authors conducted telephone interviews , using random digit dialing , of @number@ adults aged @number@ and over in the city of hamilton.
respondents received a vignette that raised issues related to parental dementia.
only @number@ per cent identified community support services.
female participants having higher levels of education were more likely to identify their physician as a source of support.
abstractthis study was aimed at providing normative data for the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
the norms were built from a sample ( n = @number@ ) of community-dwelling french speaking residents from québec aged @number@ and older.
more precisely , mmse scores increased with education level and decreased with age.
moreover , women had significantly higher scores than men.
on this basis , distinct tables of normative data were produced for women and men.
overall , the use of the present normative data by clinicians will improve their accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment in older adults from québec.
healthy elderly subjects ( n = @number@ ) divided into three different age groups were assessed using a semantic memory test of famous people.
results of this study indicate a decline in naming performance between oldest and youngest groups.
in contrast , no difference between groups was found in terms of the ability to access semantic knowledge about famous people.
taken together , results of this study may contribute to developing new cognitive intervention programs in older adults presenting with proper-name anomia.
demographic and questionnaire data were collected from @number@ participants , and in-depth interviews were conducted with @number@ participants.
results showed that non-users reported higher levels of burden post-intervetion , and frequent users showed post-intervention reduction in experienced burden.
traditional beliefs shaped caregivers ' needs ; also , ethno-cultural-linguistic contexts affected system usability and were associated with usage behaviour.
this study indicates that caregivers can benefit from receiving professional support via asynchronous e-mails and a dedicated information web site.
the icss is a feasible approach for supporting caregivers who prefer an alternative service model.
this emerging service requires more research in : enhanced technology design , service delivery models for immigrant caregivers , and evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
to use lay definitions in studies of aging , however , researchers must address the definitions ' consistency.
a consistency category was assigned based on the similarity of themes in each of @number@ pairs of definitions.
positive or negative health events in the four-week interval between definitions and specific respondents ' characteristics did not vary across consistency categories.
this evidence for consistency supports our continued reliance on lay definitions of successful aging.
economic disadvantage also entails a greater likelihood of living with kin.
however , the relative importance of cultural preferences and economic constraints as determinants of living arrangements among the elderly depends on marital status.
among the married , cultural preferences explain a greater proportion of the variation in living arrangements ; among the non-married , economic constraints do.
this research contributes a more nuanced understanding of living arrangements among the elderly than its predecessors , which neglected the role of marital status.
stages of the model are illustrated by experiences within the context of retirement.
the utility of erikson's model is suggested as a means of enhancing self-awareness , self-understanding , and adjustment to retirement.
research on vascular endothelial cell ageing helps elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases associated with cell ageing.
in addition , ras protein levels were increased in pbmcs from old donors.
these data indicate that reduced rsu-1 might induce ras expression , which subsequently could provoke ras-induced senescence.
objective : to investigate the effects of migraine and related pharmacotherapy on cognitive performance and cognitive change over time in a longitudinal population-based study.
scores on mini mental state examination , immediate and delayed recall tests , and tests for simple and complex speed were compared for both groups.
generalized estimating equations analyses were performed to test the longitudinal effects of migraines on cognition.
effects of migraine medication use were also tested.
results : migraine headaches were found to have no effect on any of the cognitive measures.
medication use also had no effect on all cognitive measures.
this preliminary study examined the effects of hearing loss and aging on the detection of av asynchrony in hearing-impaired listeners with cochlear implants.
additionally , the relationship between av asynchrony detection skills and speech perception was assessed.
individuals with normal-hearing and cochlear implant recipients were asked to make judgments about the synchrony of av speech.
the cochlear implant recipients also completed three speech perception tests , the cuny , hint sentences , and the cnc test.
no significant differences were observed in the detection of av asynchronous speech between the normal-hearing listeners and the cochlear implant recipients.
older adults in both groups displayed wider timing windows , over which they identified av asynchronous speech as being synchronous , than younger adults.
for the cochlear implant recipients , no relationship between the size of the temporal asynchrony window and speech perception performance was observed.
additionally , the temporal width of the av asynchrony function was not correlated with speech perception skills for hearing-impaired individuals who use cochlear implants.
they underwent otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry and completed a questionnaire.
the audiological data show that the percentage of impaired people increases with age and in particular becomes relevant aged over @number@
for this reason we decided to compare the pta values of individuals aged @number@ or older.
the pta values of stoccareddo and carlantino are statistically different from ptas of the other villages.
using pedigrees it was possible to calculate the heritability of the trait.
method : this study used a mixed-method approach where @number@ individuals with lower limb amputation completed the individual leisure profile 2-3 months post-discharge from rehabilitation.
a subsample ( n = @number@ ) also participated in semi-structured interviews analysed using the miles and huberman analytic method.
results : results show that participants were involved in @number@ different leisure activities on average.
nonetheless , overall satisfaction was high.
the most important constraints on participation in leisure were lack of accessibility , material considerations , functional abilities , affective constraints and social constraints.
conclusion : a decrease in leisure activity participation and the presence of constraints do not automatically translate into low levels of leisure satisfaction.
diffuse axonal injury ( dai ) secondary to traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) contributes to long-term functional morbidity.
the corpus callosum ( cc ) is particularly vulnerable to this type of injury.
creatine ( energy metabolism ) did not differ between groups across both rois and time points.
in the tbi group , choline ( membrane degeneration / inflammation ) was elevated for both rois at the post-acute but not chronic period.
this will help guide the future development of targeted therapeutic agents.
the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) plays an important role in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity , which underlies learning and memory.
this effect was specific to the primacy and middle portions of the serial position curve , where intralist interference and associative demands are especially high.
the poorer performance of older met-allele carriers reflected transposition errors , whereas no genetic effect was found for omissions.
we applied a feedback-based learning task with two learning conditions.
to test the stability of learning preferences , the task involved a reversal phase in which stimulus-response assignments were inverted.
older negative learners showed a stronger tendency to avoid negative outcomes than younger negative learners.
furthermore , older adults showed learning impairments compared to younger adults.
the erp analyses suggest that these impairments reflect deficits in the ability to build up relational representations of ambiguous outcomes.
percent mammographic density ( pmd ) is a strong marker of breast cancer risk.
it may be a correlate of the rate of breast tissue aging , as proposed by pike to explain breast cancer age-incidence.
within-woman pmd declined during these ages , with a slowing rate of decline.
dense area declined similarly , but the absolute magnitude of the rate of increase of nondense area was almost double that of dense area.
pmd dropped by @percent@ ( @number@.4-3.4 ) on menopausal transition and increased by @percent@ ( @number@.4-3.5 ) with the use of hormone therapy.
within-woman rank correlation of pmd was @number@ for readings taken @number@ years apart.
background : fructose intake has been increased steadily during the past two decades.
fructose , like other reducing sugars can react with proteins , which may account for aging and myocardial infarction.
fructose participates in glycation ( fructation ) and age formation some @number@ times faster than glucose.
this study aims to determine the fructose concentration and correlate with antioxidant status in senile diabetic and non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.
methods : the study included one hundred twenty six subjects.
the patients were selected on clinical grounds from national institute of cardiovascular diseases , karachi and jinnah postgraduate medical centre , karachi , pakistan.
negative significant correlation was observed between serum fructose and serum total antioxidant status in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.
positive significant correlation was observed between serum fructose and s-ages in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.
conclusions : this study revealed that increased fructose concentration and decreased antioxidant status might have a role in the myocardial infarction.
platelet concentrates enjoyed some clinical popularity in facial plastic surgery several years ago.
prfm provides autologous , natural , but concentrated platelet growth factor release and stimulation of surrounding tissue.
this article describes its use for cosmetic facial applications.
the desire for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation has continued to increase from the perspective of both the patients and injectors.
the injector should be knowledgeable of the advantages and disadvantages of each product.
unsatisfactory outcomes can be limited by meticulous injection technique and well thought out treatment plans.
traditional theories on facial aging and methods for rejuvenation focus primarily on soft tissues with ptosis as the major mechanism responsible for senescent changes.
anatomic studies demonstrate that there are also many changes to the craniofacial skeleton as patients age.
skeletal implants correct concave morphology by increasing projection and provide a means to resuspend cheek soft tissues that have descended off a deficient bony platform.
there is a significant desire by patients to reverse the signs of aging caused by photodamage.
numerous procedures for facial skin rejuvenation have been developed in an attempt to minimize the erythema , dyspigmentation , and rhytides associated with photoaging.
the initial procedures developed for facial rejuvenation involve skin resurfacing via complete ablation of layers of skin.
of these procedures , ablative laser resurfacing is the most precise technique and is considered the gold standard for facial skin rejuvenation.
although ablative procedures are quite efficacious , they carry significant patient downtime and risks of adverse effects such as scarring and dyspigmentation.
concerns regarding patient morbidity have led to the development of nonablative procedures that target dermal collagen without damaging the epidermis.
of these technologies , intense pulsed light is the most commonly used because it effectively targets both the erythema and dyspigmentation seen in photoaging.
nonablative techniques minimize side effects and patient downtime ; however , they do not match the results seen in fully ablative procedures.
fractional laser technologies-first nonablative and more recently ablative-represent the most recent attempt to match the results seen in fully ablative procedures with less patient downtime.
their results are promising but require further study.
aging of the lower eyelid involves a complex series of anatomic and physiologic changes that occur over time.
a discussion of various surgical approaches with their advantages and disadvantages is presented , and the importance of maintaining a safe lower eyelid is emphasized.
a comprehensive and systematic approach to restoration of the lower eyelid is highlighted with specific postoperative results.
endoscopic method of rejuvenating the brow-forehead complex has evolved into the procedure of choice for many aesthetic surgeons.
safe and reliable application of the endoscopic technique depends on several important factors.
in this manuscript , the senior author reviews his experience with the endoscopic forehead lift and delineates a stepwise approach to this technically challenging operation.
the text also highlights important details with respect to patient care , endoscopic equipment , and surgical anatomy.
\ "keller ' rules of fours \ " are introduced to summarize surgical pearls of the endoscopic forehead and brow lift.
the aging process is characterized by a gradual derotation and deprojection of the nasal tip.
the interest in the action of nicotine in the central nervous system ( cns ) has significantly increased during the past @number@ years.
the actual data indicate opposite effects of nicotine in the cns.
nicotine seems to have , at the same time , positive , neuroprotective as well as negative , neurotoxic effects.
this suggests that nicotine's action is complex , probably involving different neuronal circuits influencing each other through complicated interactions.
in the present review we summarize the most important results of experiments about nicotinic neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in humans and animals.
initially , we illustrate well known modifications of cholinergic transmission during physiological ( normal aging ) and pathological neurodegeneration.
in the second part of the paper we describe neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of nicotine also mentioning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
these were re-analysed and compared with cleaved caspase-3-labeled germ cells in the aging human and the spermatogenically active catfish testis.
these large clumps of chromatin also eventually disappeared , giving rise to cells resembling cytoplasmic ghosts , a condition which was tunel-positive.
by contrast , the immunolabeled nuclei of human and catfish germ cells condensed into a single mass , after which they lost immunoreactivity.
currently , half of the world population resides in cities.
the international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) was employed as the theoretical model.
probabilistic sampling was used to select @number@ elderly persons ( defined as > / = 60 years ) for the study.
a zero-inflated negative binomial ( zinb ) regression model was fitted to the data.
the prevalence of disability was @percent@.
neighborhood self-perception revealed that @percent@ of the elderly were satisfied with their neighborhood , although only @percent@ trusted people around them.
it is well known that there is a continuous tendency for functional results to improve as the frequency of walking increases.
thus , urban infrastructure interventions , such as improving public sidewalks , might influence the frequency of elderlies walking in their neighborhoods.
making walking possible-or even pleasant-could increase their social participation and use of services.
microglia activation is believed to be regulated by the cd200-cd200r signaling.
here , we studied cd200r expression and its regulation in mdms from @number@ pd cases , @number@ age-matched old controls , and @number@ young controls.
we found that the basal cd200r expression is similar in mdms from young control , old control and pd patients.
however , the induction of cd200r expression in mdms under various conditions is impaired in the old groups , especially in pd patients.
these results suggest an intrinsic abnormality in the cd200-cd200r signaling in mdms during aging and , especially , in pd.
we speculate that in the pd brain , microglia might undergo abnormalities similar to mdms.
the use of large-particle stabilized hyaluronic acid-based gel of nonanimal origin ( nasha™ ) for facial aesthetic procedures is widespread and increasing.
with the aim of optimizing patient comfort and control over administration of nasha-based gel , the panel members explored an alternative , sharp-needle technique.
in this article we describe the new technique in detail , together with practical recommendations and precautions.
however , the sharp-needle technique requires a high level of skill and a good knowledge of facial anatomy.
routinely , age estimation based on aar is performed by analysis of dentine.
however , in forensic practise , teeth are not always available.
non-dental tissues for age estimation may be suitable for age estimation based on aar if they contain durable proteins that can be purified and analysed.
elastin is such a durable protein.
aar was found to increase with age.
the relationship between aar and age was good enough to serve as basis for age estimation , but worse than known from dentinal proteins.
intravital and post-mortem degradation of elastin may have a moderate effect on the aar values.
unlabelled : estimation of stature by measuring fibula and ulna bone length in @number@ older adults.
objectives : knee height has been commonly used to estimate stature but may not always be possible in the frail older adults with compromised posture.
measurement of fibula and ulna bone length could be an alternative method.
design : a cross-sectional survey.
participants : two thousand four hundred and forty three community-dwelling older chinese aged from @number@ to @number@ years were recruited.
measurements : the standing height , fibula length , ulna length , hip circumference and body weight were measured and the reported height was recorded.
three separate multiple linear regression models were developed to predict measured-height and reported-height respectively.
the @percent@ limits of agreement were : @number@ to @number@ cm for men and @number@ to @number@ cm for women.
conclusion : the accuracy and precision of stature estimation by fibula and ulna bone length is comparable to that by knee height.
this may be an acceptable alternative method when knee height measurement is difficult or when the knee height caliper is not available.
information on nutritional knowledge was obtained from an interview based questionnaire for older subjects and caregiver and through self administered questionnaire from the health professionals.
anthropometric and functional measurements were also conducted among elderly subjects.
the majority of health professionals studied ( @percent@ ) had good nutritional knowledge.
although most of them ( @percent@ ) were involved in management of the elderly , only @percent@ incorporated nutritional information component in this activity.
most of the health professionals used the guidelines for management of elderly patients ( @percent@ ) .
however , nutritional knowledge was very minimal in these guidelines.
background : how body composition , specifically skeletal muscle mass , compares in mexican elderly to other ethnic groups has not previously been reported.
differences in tasm were tested by ancova , with age , height , and body mass index ( bmi ) as covariates.
conclusions : elderly mex have a different body composition compared with aa and cauc of a similar bmi and age.
mex have significantly less tasm with greater total and truncal fat.
in the long-term , mex elderly may be at greater risk for sarcopenic obesity compared to other ethnic groups.
objective : to investigate the impact of a train-the-trainer program on the nutritional status of older people in residential care.
design : prospective , randomized controlled study.
setting : eight nursing homes in southeast queensland , australia.
participants : a total of @number@ residents participated - @number@ were female ( @percent@ ) .
the mean age was @number@ years and the majority ( @percent@ ) were classified as high dependency.
intervention : residents from four nursing homes were randomly selected for a nutrition education program coordinated by nutrition coordinators.
residents from the other four nursing homes ( control ) received usual care.
measurements : the subjective global assessment was used to determine prevalence of malnutrition at baseline and six months post intervention.
the resident classification scale measured functional dependency.
prescribed diet , fluids , oral hygiene status and allied health referrals were obtained by chart audit.
results : approximately half the residents were well nourished with @percent@ moderately or severely malnourished.
conclusion : the results of the study encourage the implementation of a nutrition coordinator program to maintain nutritional status of aged care residents.
nevertheless , malnutrition rates continue to be unacceptably high.
objective : some dynamometers previously tested in healthy adults showed variable degrees of practicality , weight and ergonomics.
more practical models could also be used as a more suitable tool in gerontological field and clinical studies.
the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the measurements and the performance of hand grip strength dynamometers in the elderly.
study design : cross-sectional study.
setting : a retirement home and a social day care centre for old people in porto , portugal.
results : the accuracy of the four dynamometers measurements compared to known forces was excellent ( r > @number@ ) .
the bland and altman plots confirmed that none of the three dynamometers reflects a good agreement with the jamar hydraulic.
conclusion : all four dynamometers showed excellent results regarding their laboratory tested accuracy.
however , their application among elderly people rendered very different results.
the smedlay's results were closer to the jamar hydraulic , though none of these three dynamometers produced comparable results to the jamar hydraulic.
measurements : multistage clinical assessment procedures were used to identify incident cases of ad.
dietary data were collected using a 142-item food frequency questionnaire.
cox proportional hazards ( cph ) modeling was used to determine hazard ratios across quintiles of micronutrient intake.
results : @number@ participants were diagnosed with incident ad during follow-up ( 1995-2004 ) .
similarly , there were no observed differences in risk of ad by regular use of either folate or b6 supplements.
conclusion : dietary intake of b-vitamins from food and supplemental sources appears unrelated to incidence of dementia and ad.
further studies examining associations between dietary intakes of b-vitamins , biomarkers of b-vitamin status and cognitive endpoints are warranted.
results : of the @number@ selected studies , @number@ met the selection criteria and were included in the final analysis.
there were @number@ observational studies and @number@ interventional studies.
the number of participants ranged from @number@ to @number@
a majority of studies examined community-dwelling older women.
five observational studies showed a significant positive association , whereas three studies did not.
four studies showed a significant effect on muscle strength , while this effect was not observed in three others studies.
in addition , there was no significant association between vitamin d supplementation and an improvement of the sit-to-stand test results in @percent@ of the studies.
conclusions : the findings show that the association between vitamin d and physical performance remains controversial.
objectives : there is lack of data on the frequency and the causes of hospitalization in mild to moderate alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients.
during follow-up , all events occurring between two visits , in particular hospital admissions or nursing home placements were carefully recorded.
results : annual incidences for hospitalizations were @percent@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
after two years , @number@ subjects were hospitalized for @number@ hospitalizations.
@number@ subjects were hospitalized once , @number@ twice , @number@ three times , @number@ four times and @number@ five times during the two-year follow-up.
the duration of hospitalization was @number@ + / - @number@ days.
admission due to associated diseases or life events was the main reason for hospitalization ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : hospitalization is a frequent event for ad patients even at mild to moderate stage of the disease.
based on the prior criteria , a final selection of @number@ articles was used for the present manuscript.
in predicting these adverse outcomes over time , gait speed was at least as sensible as composite tools.
background : malnutrition is a common problem in older patients.
early detection of malnutrition is an important task in clinical practice.
the mna has become an extensively used tool to evaluate nutritional status in european countries and the united states.
design : one hundred eighty-four older chinese inpatients were enrolled in this study from july to @date@ .
nutritional assessment included mna , anthropometric measurements , and biochemical markers.
the incidence rate of malnutrition was @percent@.
the most proper cutoff point of mna-sf was lower than @number@
conclusion : the mna and mna-sf were useful tools to identify older chinese inpatients with malnutrition.
however , the cutoff point of the mna should be modulated for this population.
background : when the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) was developed , the authors did not specifically focus on the nursing home setting.
method : the mna was applied to @number@ residents of two municipal nursing homes in nuremberg , germany.
first one-on-one interviews of the residents were conducted by two researchers from our group.
next , the mna was applied by the attending nursing staff who was blinded to the results of the first mna.
to evaluate the prognostic properties of the two different approaches , data on mortality of the screened residents were collected during a six-month follow-up period.
@percent@ of the residents were categorised as malnourished by the interviews and @percent@ by the nursing staff's assessment.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) study participants deceased during the follow-up period.
conclusions : the results of the mna in nursing home residents may differ substantially when resident interviews are compared to assessment by nursing staff.
the authors recommend that the mna should be routinely applied by the nursing staff.
the application rate is higher and interference with cognitive as well as linguistic deficits is lower.
in future studies , the mode of mna application in nursing home residents should be clearly stated to facilitate comparability of results.
design : a longitudinal study using data from older persons born between @number@ and @number@
data were collected at three occasions separated by four-year intervals.
setting : data collection was carried out in the participants ' own homes.
an experimenter administered all tests and conducted the interviews.
participants : a randomized selection from the swedish twin register included @number@ persons , all still living at home.
questions covering physical , psychological and social factors that may have an impact on nutritional status were also posed.
results : approximately @percent@ of participants were assessed as being at risk for malnutrition or as being malnourished.
cognitive impairment , reduced perceived health , recent hospital stay and receiving meals-on-wheels were factors associated with being at risk for malnutrition.
making use of knowledge of these factors when giving care to older persons may be important in preventing nutritional problems.
the objective of this study was to assess the association between melanocortin-1 receptor ( mc1r ) variants and the severity of facial skin photoaging.
the study population comprised @number@ middle-aged french women.
a trained dermatologist graded the severity of facial skin photoaging from photographs using a global scale.
this risk reached @number@ ( @number@.43-21.96 ) when two major diminished-function variants were present.
surprisingly , the minor variant , v92m , was associated with increased risk of photoaging ( @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) ) .
our results suggest that genetic variations of mc1r are important determinants for severe photoaging.
these nine loci were then compared with genome-wide association scans for diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) in human type i diabetes.
our study found that two of the nine mouse loci for age-related albuminuria were significantly associated with dn and consistent across male and female strata.
this suggests common underlying genes predispose to kidney disease in mice and humans.
this article discusses that the traditional analogy of an aging organism with a rusting ( albeit self-repairing ) car is misleading.
the true analogy is a speeding car that enters a low-speed zone and damages itself because it does not and cannot slow down.
for such a car without brakes ( and actually without a driver ) , aging from rusting never occurs.
aims : this survey aimed to identify nutritional deficits affecting bedouin children as they enter school age and illustrate their families ' dietary consumption patterns.
methods : @number@ healthy schoolchildren aged @date@ years from @number@ badia hamlets were nutritionally investigated by applying anthropometric , laboratory and dietary assessment methods.
results : mean and median serum retinol concentrations ( srcs ) were @number@ and @number@ microg / l , respectively.
including those with borderline values , the proportion of children vulnerable to vad threats reached @percent@.
except for hemoglobin status , no significant differences between genders were detected.
src correlated strongly with hemoglobin , vitamin e , bmi and serum ferritin.
the frequency of consumption of meat and fats seemed to be among the determinants of src and hemoglobin values.
conclusion : urbanization has brought bedouins towards poverty and undernutrition , with older children suffering more severe consequences in comparison with preschool-age children.
this multifaceted nutritional problem requires implementation of multicomponent interventions.
methods : quantitative interviews were conducted among @number@ isixhosa speaking caregivers of @number@ years and older in the eastern cape of south africa.
results : older persons are involved in a wide range of care activities with several dependents to care for.
grief among older adults is most strongly predicted by perceived stigma around hiv and aids and worries about providing the care.
caveolin , a member of the membrane-anchoring protein family , accumulates various growth receptors in caveolae and inhibits their function.
upregulation of caveolin attenuates cellular proliferation and growth.
however , the role of caveolin in regulating insulin signals remains controversial.
here , we demonstrate that caveolin potently enhances insulin receptor ( ir ) signaling when overexpressed in the liver in vivo.
adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to overexpress caveolin specifically in the liver of diabetic obese mice , which were generated with a high-fat diet.
expression of molecules involved in ir signaling , such as ir or akt , remained unchanged after gene transfer.
however , hepatic glycogen synthesis was markedly increased with a decrease in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein expression.
insulin sensitivity was increased after caveolin gene transfer as determined by decreased blood glucose levels in response to insulin injection and fasting blood glucose levels.
glucose tolerant test performance was also improved.
similar improvements were obtained in kka ( y ) genetically diabetic mice.
in conclusion , our results suggest that caveolin is an important regulator of glucose metabolism that can enhance insulin signals.
background : the safety of older pedestrians at urban intersections is a matter of gerontological concern.
many older pedestrians report inability to complete crossings in the time given by pedestrian lights.
standard times for pedestrian lights in dublin pelican crossings are specified in the traffic management guidelines ( tmg ) .
the technology research for independent living centre is building a database of gait assessments of irish community-dwelling older people using gaitrite.
objective : to compare the usual walking speed of our participants against that required by the tmg.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : comprehensive geriatric assessment outpatient clinic.
subjects : @number@ community-dwelling older subjects aged > or = 60 assessed between @date@ and @date@ ( mean age @number@ sd @number@ ) .
against these predicted walking speeds , standard crossing times appeared insufficient for very old people.
conclusions : as currently defined in the tmg , maximum pedestrian crossing times at pelican crossings may represent a hazard for very old people.
this should be addressed within the irish authorities ' plan to improve safety and equality for older people.
the pioglitazone group improved cognition and rcbf in the parietal lobe , while the control group showed no such improvement.
the plasma aβ40 / aβ42 ratio increased in the control group , but showed no significant change in the pioglitazone group.
both groups showed good control of diabetes during the study.
in addition , pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in fasting plasma insulin levels , indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity.
the results of this pilot study demonstrated that pioglitazone exhibited cognitive and functional improvements , and stabilization of the disease in diabetic patients with ad.
pioglitazone may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of ad.
inflammatory cytokines may contribute to lower physical function in elderly.
participants were @number@ ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ years and over.
low physical performance was defined as the lowest @percent@ of study sample in each sex.
the results showed the negatively associated between crp level and physical performance when adjusted for the confounding factors.
crp level may be a useful indicator for detecting the lower physical performance in elderly.
myasthenia gravis ( mg ) is an autoimmune disease that affects the post-synaptic area of the neuromuscular junction.
its hallmark is weakness that worsens with activity.
the disease has several subtypes which defer slightly in the clinical characteristics , immunological markers , population distribution and the suitable treatments.
in our review we try to find the environmental influence on the disease.
background : recent studies have revealed the associations between insulin resistance ( ir ) and geriatric conditions such as frailty and cognitive impairment.
methods : cross-sectional data were from the population-based national health and nutrition examination survey ( 1999-2002 ) .
we used multiple linear regression to examine the association between ir and performance-based physical function.
results : ir was inversely associated with gait speed among the men.
we did not find such association among the women.
the ir-hgs association was not changed after further adjustment of leg strength.
last , homa-ir was not demonstrated in association with peak leg strength.
conclusion : ir is inversely associated with hgs among older men without diabetes.
background : the human body adopts a number of strategies to maintain an upright position.
the analysis of the human balance allows for the understanding and identification of such strategies.
the displacement of the centre of pressure ( cop ) is a measure that has been successfully employed in studies regarding the postural control.
most of these investigations are related to the analysis of individuals suffering from neuromuscular disorders.
methods : in total @number@ subjects participated of this study.
they were divided into seven groups according to their age.
the displacement of the cop was collected for each subject standing on a force plate.
two experimental conditions , of @number@ seconds each , were investigated : opened eyes and closed eyes.
traditional and recent digital signal processing tools were employed for feature computation from the displacement of the cop.
statistical analyses were carried out in order to identify significant differences between the features computed from the distinct groups that could allow for their discrimination.
methods / design : the overall experimental design of the avec trial is a 3-arm double blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
the goal of the intervention is to achieve blood pressure control defined as sbp < @number@ mm hg and dbp < @number@ mm hg.
additional antihypertensives are added to achieve this goal if needed.
individuals who are currently receiving antihypertensives are eligible to participate if the participants and the primary care providers are willing to taper their antihypertensives.
our outcomes are change in cognitive function score ( executive and memory ) , cerebral blood flow , and carbon dioxide cerebral vasoreactivity.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct00605072.
the aim of this study was to compare conventional laryngeal mask airway sizing by weight with sizing by age in over- or underweight children.
we studied @number@ overweight ( body mass index > 85th centile ) and @number@ underweight ( body mass index < 15th centile ) children.
in overweight children , oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly greater when the laryngeal mask was sized by the patient's actual weight.
on the other hand in underweight children , it was significantly greater when sized by the ideal weight.
we examine obesity , intentional weight loss and physical disability in older adults.
data from a limited number of randomized clinical trials reinforce the important role that physical activity plays in weight loss programmes for older adults.
background : the age- and sex-associated changes of brain development are unclear and controversial.
using spm , age- and sex-associated changes in cerebral glucose metabolism were investigated.
a positive relationship existed in the left claustrum and left thalamus.
a positive association was demonstrated in the left subthalamic nucleus and the left superior frontal gyrus.
the female group had an age-associated negative correlation of fdg uptake only in the right corpus callosum.
conclusion : using spm , we found not only similar areas of brain , but also sex-specific cerebral areas of age-associated changes of fdg uptake.
tracking studies have often had limited follow-up lengths.
the aim was to investigate bmi and pa tracking over @number@ years from youth to adulthood.
methods : subjects included @number@ participants aged @number@ to @number@ years in the @number@ canada fitness survey , who were re-evaluated in @date@ .
approximately @percent@ and @percent@ of youth in the highest and lowest bmi quintiles , respectively , remained in these quintiles as adults.
about @percent@ of overweight youth remained overweight as adults , while @percent@ of overweight adults were not overweight youth.
almost all healthy weight adults had been healthy weight youth.
the odds of being overweight in adulthood was @number@ times greater ( @percent@ ci : @date@ @number@ ) in overweight compared with healthy weight youth.
pa tracking over @number@ years was low and non-significant , but moderate over the final @number@ years.
only @percent@ and @percent@ of youth in the highest and lowest pa quintiles , respectively , remained in these quintiles as adults.
conclusions : bmi , but not pa , tracked well over @number@ years in this sample.
the majority of overweight youth remained overweight as adults ; however , the majority of overweight adults were not overweight youth.
the free androgen index ( fai ) and tg / hdl-chol were calculated.
in @number@ pca and @number@ controls , c-reactive protein ( hs-crp ) , adiponectin and insulin were determined.
results : patients with pca showed higher tg / hdl-chol and diminished hdl-chol than controls and bph.
psa correlated inversely with hdl-chol and directly with tg / hdl-chol.
fai , ft , biot and estradiol levels were higher , and shbg and adiponectin were lower in pca than in controls.
no differences were found in androgens between bph and pca.
patients with pca showed higher androgens and lower adiponectin than controls.
purpose : to evaluate topographic patterns in keratoconic cases and to classify those topographic patterns according to different age groups.
methods : four hundred eighty-two eyes of @number@ patients with keratoconus were separated into @number@ groups based on age.
all patients underwent full ocular examination and pentacam ( oculus optikgeräte gmbh ) measurement.
topographic patterns were analyzed by comparing the results according to age groups.
results : distribution ratios of keratoconic eyes in the three age groups were @percent@ younger , @percent@ middle , and @percent@ older.
conclusions : in keratoconus , the steepest part of the cone can be located temporally , especially in younger patients , which is unusual.
younger candidates for refractive surgery should be screened for temporal forme fruste.
beneficial effects of adaptive responses to low doses of insults that in higher concentrations show adverse effects are generally referred to as hormesis.
there are numerous examples of hormetic effects ranging from mild stresses of irradiation to heat stress , hypergravity , pro-oxidants , or food restriction.
first , the very nature of hormesis using toxins as a treatment regimen harbors the inherent danger of detrimental consequences.
second , the molecular mechanisms through which insults might exert beneficial effects have thus far remained elusive.
here , i discuss a mechanistic basis for hormesis and its implications for cancer prevention and healthy aging.
cyp21a2 mutations cause cah , and tnx deficiency has been identified as a cause of hypermobility type ehlers-danlos syndrome ( eds ) .
family history is notable for joint hypermobility.
here , we assess the extent to which norms for these tasks must take into account ageing , sex , and testing country.
participants were unselected for face recognition ability ; most were university educated.
general wm capacity declines with age , but little is known of how cognitive aging affects wm function in deaf signers.
eds performed worse than ehn on both item and order recognition using a temporal style of presentation.
older participants responded more slowly than younger participants.
this may be due to neural reorganisation arising from sign language use.
these findings support and extend the wm model for ease of language understanding.
however , little is known about predisposing factors for the development of new vesc.
bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of new vesc.
new vesc at the age of @number@ appeared in @number@ of the @number@
introduction : productivity loss is an increasing problem in an aging working population that is decreasing in numbers.
demographic characteristics , health-related and work-related factors were assessed with a questionnaire.
results : poor general health , the number of longstanding health conditions , and most types of longstanding health conditions were associated with productivity loss.
health-related factors were in general stronger associated with sickness absence than with low performance at work.
conclusion : except for psychological complaints , workers with a longstanding health condition generally perform well while being at work.
nevertheless , the likelihood of taking sick leave is increased.
among work-related factors , psychosocial work characteristics have the strongest relation with productivity loss , mostly with performance while at work.
wound healing may be affected , leading to recurrences after hernia repair or primary incisional herniation.
women with genitourinary prolapse show signs of herniosis in the pelvis.
diverticulosis coli , commonly seen in the elderly , like hernia , was once attributed to stress and strain from constipation.
it is now suspected that herniosis weakens the colonic ecm , allowing the mucosa to form diverticula by herniating alongside the vasa recta.
krones et al.
( int j colorectal dis @time@ @number@ @number@ ) reported that diverticula and cancer are rarely coincident in the colon , despite aging.
their data indicate that the two pathologies arise in different ecms.
klinge et al.
thus , damage to the colonic ecm from hernial disease is conducive to diverticulosis , but hostile for cancer.
hernial disease being systemic , a similar ecm should be present throughout the body.
coincident diverticulosis and herniae support this hypothesis.
its validation requires further research involving the lifetime risk of cancer in patients with and without hernia.
since smoking causes both herniation and cancer , data from indulgers will have to be analyzed separately from abstainers.
these relationships were incorporated into an iterative simulation to model development of a growing , bowed tibia with an initial defect angle of @number@ degrees.
a \ "modeling drift \ " bone apposition / resorption pattern appeared only when periosteal loads were included.
infants with mild postnatal renal dilatation but without vesicoureteral reflux pose a challenge.
for how long and in what way should they be followed ?
from @date@ to @date@ , we prospectively followed @number@ pregnancies in which the foetal renal pelvis measured @number@ mm or greater.
voiding cystourethrography ( vcug ) and renal ultrasound were performed on @number@ infants at @number@ weeks of age.
our study group comprised @number@ ( @number@ male ) infants with normal vcug findings who had a renal pelvis of 6-11 mm.
we followed them for 1-17 years ( mean @number@ years ) .
medical and radiological records were reviewed to determine any urinary symptoms and final outcome.
they underwent , on average , four further imaging tests.
the renal dilatation had resolved by @number@ months in approximately @percent@.
urinary tract infection ( uti ) developed in @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
calyceal dilatation was more likely in those developing uti ( p = 0.02 ) .
twenty-two ( @percent@ ) had a radiologically demonstrated urinary tract abnormality.
of the five who had renal scarring or severe obstruction , four became symptomatic.
most infants with mild postnatal renal dilatation can be investigated with only one further sonogram at @number@ months of age.
mild postnatal renal dilatation is associated with subsequent uti or renal tract abnormality in @percent@.
severe renal abnormality occurred in @percent@.
results : in all , @number@ patients entered the phase ii study , of whom @number@ and @number@ had complete and partial responses.
grade @number@ neutropenia was the most common haematological toxicity and occurred in @percent@ of @number@ treatment courses.
grade @number@ non-haematological toxicities included anorexia ( @percent@ ) and diarrhoea ( @percent@ ) .
there was no grade @number@ toxicity of any kind.
conclusion : our results suggest that this regimen is convenient , safe and promising , compared with conventional regimens for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
introduction : inflammatory mechanisms and decreasing adrenal androgen production are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous age-related diseases.
crp revealed a negative correlation with dhea ( r = @number@ p < 0.05 ) , although not with dhea-s.
there were no correlations between alpha1-act , transferrin , and adrenal androgens.
the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise in these three diseases.
methods : we reviewed the relevant literature , i.e. , systematic reviews and meta-analyses searched with pubmed.
results : there is not sufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of exercise for lss.
muscle strengthening , balance training and traditional chinese tai chi reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.
results : af associated patients were older , more frequently disabled , and characterized by greater comorbidity and longer in-hospital length of stay.
urea nitrogen concentration was higher , and total cholesterol was lower in af associated patients , compared with the other two groups.
overall mortality was @percent@.
the change was not significant in nh c ( @number@ vs @number@ vs @number@ respectively ; h = 3.94 , ns ) .
methods : participants comprised @number@ healthy adults aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the ratio of muscle thickness to height was calculated.
the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of measuring muscle thickness with the ultrasound scanner and the validity of the target point were demonstrated before the examination.
for soleus , no significant differences in thickness were found among the age groups in either sex.
decline in muscle thickness from age 40-79 was greater for gastrocnemius than for soleus.
conclusions : these results confirm that gastrocnemius starts to deteriorate earlier and atrophies at a faster pace than soleus.
a significant sex difference was found only in the onset age of gastrocnemius deterioration , which was earlier in men than in women.
background and aims : studies that have attempted to address the influence of exercise programs on muscle strength have usually analyzed single exercise training types.
they have not often addressed multicomponent exercise interventions that combine strength , flexibility , balance and aerobic training.
no significant changes were observed in the me group after @number@ weeks of training.
conclusions : the present study indicates that twice-weekly me has a limited effect on isokinetic muscle strength.
cancer and ageing are often said to be diseases of development.
background : fewer than @percent@ of persons with hypertension in the united states have adequate blood pressure ( bp ) control.
objective : to compare @number@ self-management interventions for improving bp control among hypertensive patients.
design : a @date@ randomized trial , stratified by enrollment site and patient health literacy status , with 2-year follow-up.
( clinicaltrials.gov registration number : nct00123058 ) .
setting : @number@ university-affiliated primary care clinics.
patients : @number@ hypertensive patients.
measurements : the primary outcome was bp control at 6-month intervals over @number@ months.
results : @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) completed the 24-month bp follow-up.
method : data come from three waves of the americans ' changing lives ( acl ) study.
acl is a nationally representative sample of adults @number@ years of age or older who lived in the united states.
nevertheless , further analyses reveal an age variation in the relationship between volunteering and trajectories of depression.
discussion : overall findings highlight the importance of assessing the long-term health impact of volunteering and doing so under diverse social structural contexts.
objective : to investigate the relationship between mortality and bmi in older people , taking into account other established mortality risk factors.
methods : a total of @number@ french community dwellers aged @number@ years and older from paquid cohort study were included.
cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to assess association between bmi and mortality.
( bmi @date@ @number@ was the reference. )
similar relationships persisted for disabled participant.
phospholipids show affinity for polyphenolics , and form supramolecular adducts having a definite stoichiometry.
background : the nutritional status of the aging individual results from a complex interaction between personal and environmental factors.
a disease influences and is influenced by the nutritional status and the functional capacity of the individual.
we asses the relationship between nutritional status and indicators of functional capacity among recently hospitalized elderly in a general hospital.
the chi-square test was used to compare the proportions and the level of significance was @percent@.
all the iadl and adl variables assessed were significantly more deteriorated among the malnourished individuals.
conclusion : there is an interrelationship between the nutritional status of the elderly and reduced functional capacity.
interestingly , females were found to be higher functioning than males in all domains , including communication , daily living skills and socialization.
caregivers reported significantly more behavioral concerns in males , including internalizing , externalizing , and other maladaptive behaviors.
in contrast , no gender differences were found in cognitive or visuomotor functioning.
fifteen female volunteers were enrolled ; they applied creams once daily for @number@ days.
the treatment was always well tolerated without adverse effects.
the present findings seem to indicate that the topical application of bas may represent a suitable treatment option for selected features of skin photoaging.
to evaluate the efficacy of the bariatric surgery baros method was applied.
statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance ( anova ) , followed by post-hoc by duncan's.
it were considered as statistically significant the data with p < 0.05.
as for the use of tobacco it was observed a decrease of @percent@ in postoperative period.
the practice of a physical activity increased in @percent@ among the patients after surgery.
according to the baros method appliance the patients showed excellent , very good and good classifications and , none of them was classified as insufficient.
development of effective preventive and treatment strategies for late-life dementia relies on a deep understanding of all the processes involved.
only a small percentage of people beyond the age of @number@ years have ' pure ad ' or ' pure vascular dementia'.
mesial temporal sclerosis ( mts ) is the most common cause of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in adults.
despite nearly @number@ centuries since the first reports of mts , relatively little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis.
increasing attention has been directed toward the potential role of vascular abnormalities in mts.
tissue sections were assessed by light microscopy and quantified by threshold analysis of digital images and stereological analysis using the space balls probe.
these findings may help further our understanding of the pathophysiology of mts.
bio-alcamid polyacrylamide gel ( polymekon , milan , italy ) is a filler that has potential to cause adverse reactions.
these reactions were challenging to treat.
conclusions : despite claims of safety , bio-alcamid and possibly other soft-tissue fillers available worldwide have the potential to cause adverse reactions.
physicians should be aware of the various presentations and treatment options for these reactions.
design : blinded comparison.
setting : the cf and dermatology clinics at st louis children's hospital.
participants : forty-four individuals with cf from a cf clinic and @number@ controls from a dermatology clinic.
intervention participants were tested for awp using @number@ minutes of water immersion with room-temperature tap water.
main outcome measure the degree of awp was scored from @number@ ( no wrinkling ) to @number@ ( severe wrinkling ) by @number@ blinded physicians.
for genotype-phenotype correlations , patients with cf were divided into those homozygous for the deltaf508 mutation and those with other genotypes.
there was no correlation between sweat chloride concentrations measured at the time of diagnosis and awp score.
conclusions : our results confirm the association between awp and cf.
among patients with cf , greater awp occurs in those who are homozygous for the deltaf508 mutation.
objective : to delineate the superior ( facial ) extent of the platysma muscle.
methods : a total of @number@ facial halves were examined from @number@ consecutive deep-plane rhytidectomies performed over a period of @number@ months.
the platysma muscle was identified and isolated during the procedure.
results : on average , the platysma extended @number@ cm along the malar mandibular line , superiorly from the inferior border of the mandible.
the platysma was located @number@ cm inferiorly from the malar eminence along the malar mandibular line.
on average , the platysma muscle occupied @percent@ of the malar mandibular line.
conclusion : the platysma muscle may have a more significant facial extension than previously described.
sex differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and trends with age have been consistently observed in both industrialized and unindustrialized populations.
however , the impact of sex on pulse pressure , an index of vascular aging , in unindustrialized populations has not been addressed.
the objective of this report was to characterize sex differences in aging trends of pulse pressure within unindustrialized populations.
using pubmed and medline , we identified @number@ articles with blood pressure data from unacculturated or partially acculturated populations.
data on @number@ populations from @number@ articles were included for analysis , on the basis of adequate description of study design and blood pressure measurement.
blood pressure means of adult age groups were modeled by linear and polynomial regression.
the pulse pressure levels of women were lower than those of men in early adulthood and higher in older ages.
partially acculturated populations had higher pulse pressures than unacculturated populations.
sex had a stronger effect on pulse pressure than acculturation.
a sex effect on pulse pressure trends with age prevails across unacculturated and acculturated populations.
accordingly , the biological principles of arterial aging , as expressed in pulse pressure , are the same in all humans , regardless of demography.
objective : circulating igf1 declines with age , and reduced circulating igf1 is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in some but not all studies.
the relationship between igf-binding proteins @number@ and @number@ ( igfbp3 and igfbp1 ) with risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear.
we sought to examine associations between igf1 , igfbp3 and igfbp1 with metabolic syndrome in older men.
design : cross-sectional analysis of @number@ community-dwelling men aged > or = 70 years.
methods morning plasma levels of igf1 , igfbp3 and igfbp1 were assayed.
metabolic syndrome was defined according to national cholesterol education program-adult treatment panel iii ( ncep-atpiii ) criteria.
igf1 was associated with two , igfbp1 with four and igfbp3 with all five components of the metabolic syndrome.
the ratio of igf1 / igfbp3 was not associated with metabolic syndrome.
conclusions : in older men , both lower and higher igf1 and igfbp3 levels may be metabolically unfavourable.
purpose : to examine the contents and characteristics of seniors ' online communities and to explore their potential benefits to older adults.
design and methods : quantitative content analysis of a full year's data from @number@ leading online communities using a novel computerized system.
the overall database included @number@ messages.
results : there was a constant increase in the daily activity level during the research period.
the overall tone was somewhat more positive than negative.
however , the findings suggest several other possible benefits , which may be available only to online communities.
the communities may provide social support , contribute to self-preservation , and serve as an opportunity for self-discovery and growth.
directions for future research and applied implications are further discussed.
methods : a national cross-sectional survey yielded data from @number@ australians aged 20-22 , 30-32 and 40-42 years ( response rate @percent@ ) .
results : the sample was representative for many socio-demographic factors but under-represented people not in the labour force and over-represented those with university qualifications.
in the oldest but not the younger age groups , abstainers reported significantly higher psychological distress relative to light / moderate drinkers.
the higher distress reported by abstainers in this age group was partially explained by abstainers having poorer social relationships than light / moderate drinkers.
basic research suggests that insulin accelerates alzheimer-related pathology through its effects on the amyloid beta ( abeta ) .
several pathological studies with autopsy samples have demonstrated , however , that dementia subjects with diabetes have less ad-related neuropathology than subjects without diabetes.
we and others have reported that small vessel diseases affect cognitive function in older diabetics.
longitudinal follow-up of t2dm subjects without overt dementia using both amyloid imaging and magnetic resonance imaging may elucidate these issues.
vascular risk factors may represent a therapeutic target , while neurodegenerative pathologies have not yet been amenable to treatment.
it remains to be investigated whether medical interventions on vascular risk factors have protective effects against the development and progress of dementia.
after controlling for background characteristics and physical and cognitive functioning , death-related decline was still found for swb but not for subjective health.
implications are discussed regarding the well-being paradox and the yet unclear mechanisms that link evaluative indicators to the dying process.
background : older adults ' health maintenance may be enhanced by having access to online health information.
however , usability issues may prevent older adults from easily accessing such information.
results : the pattern of age-related differences in computer use was consistent with prior research with older adults.
older adults also took significantly more medications than younger adults ( f ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
in the information search task , older adults performed worse than younger adults ( f ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : access to online health information is increasing in popularity and can lead to a more informed health consumer.
however , usability barriers may differentially affect older adults.
morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections increase with age , although the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
here , we investigated whether aging alters inflammatory responses during systemic viral infection and thereby contributes to virus-induced death.
in contrast , all young mice survived infection , displaying weaker il-17 induction and neutrophil activation.
importantly , il-17 neutralization or neutrophil depletion during viral infection reduced liver damage and prevented death of aged mice.
these results demonstrate that , during systemic viral infection , aging alters the host-pathogen interaction to overproduce il-17 , contributing to liver injury and death.
however , histological studies of amyloid plaque bearing app transgenic mice provided only evidence for an activation of the early parts of the complement cascade.
the protein levels of complement c1q and c3 were analysed by western blotting.
histology was done to test for amyloid plaque association and activation of the complement cascade.
results : high mrna levels were detected for c1q and some inhibitory complement components.
the expression of most activating components starting at c3 was low.
expression of c1q , c3 , c4 , c5 and factor b mrna increased with age in control c57bl / 6 mice.
c1q and c3 mrna showed a substantial additional elevation during amyloid formation in app23 mice.
conclusion : early but not late components of the mouse complement system show an age-dependent increase in expression.
the response to amyloid deposition is comparatively smaller.
exposure to internally deposited radionuclides is known to induce malignant tumors of various histological types.
thorotrast is known to induce liver tumors , particularly intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ( icc ) and angiosarcoma ( as ) , decades after injection.
therefore , patients injected with thorotrast comprise a suitable study group to understand biological effects of internal ionizing radiation injury.
a direct cause-consequence relationship has been established between mtdna mutations and aging phenotypes in mammals.
investigating the acute impact of light on clock-gene expression may thus help us to better understand the mechanisms underlying disorders rooted in the circadian system.
here , we show an overall significant reduction in per2 expression in oral mucosa with aging in the morning , noon , and afternoon.
our findings demonstrate that human buccal samples are a valuable tool for studying clock-gene rhythms and the response of per2 to light.
additionally , our results indicate that the influence of light on clock-gene expression in humans is altered with age.
recent addition of a compression handpiece ( chp ) allows treatments with minimal adverse effects.
materials and methods : ten female subjects with photodamaged skin were enrolled in this study.
the untreated side served as control.
digital photography was used for global evaluation while the numbers of lentigines and wrinkles were analyzed by visia.
results : all @number@ subjects , aged 39-55 years , completed the study.
hyperpigmentation was seen in two subjects.
conclusion : the parameters of @number@ nm pdl used in this study are effective and safe in the treatment of facial lentigines.
there was no significant improvement in wrinkles in this study.
a study limitation may be the relatively small sample size.
several laser-based ablative resurfacing and nonablative rejuvenation technologies offer non-surgical options for improving the appearance of the skin.
although efficacy and good safety profiles have been demonstrated , limitations do exist with these systems.
a more recent technology has been developed that employs fractionated bipolar radiofrequency ( rf ) energy.
this article describes the technology and reports on the authors ' experience with it in clinical practice.
as a result , healing is rapid and downtime is minimal.
background and objective : fractional photothermolysis with a co2 laser shows promise in the treatment of photodamaged skin.
each subject was treated twice with the smartskin device at three- to five-week intervals.
results were evaluated at one week , one month and three months after the final treatment.
results : all @number@ subjects completed the study.
physician and subject assessments both indicated that clinical improvements in all photodamage parameters were apparent at one month and persisted at least three months.
improvements in acne scars were noted but not graded.
eleven subjects would recommend the treatment to family and friends.
the median pain scores during the initial and final treatments were @number@ and @number@ respectively , on a scale of 0-5.
only one adverse effect , facial edema , was judged \ "probably related to treatment. \ "
conclusion : the smartskin fractional laser device improves photodamaged skin for at least three months.
the treatment was well tolerated and adverse effects were limited to transient facial edema.
background : the increasing use of injectable fillers has been increasing the occurrence of disfiguring anaerobic infection or granulomas.
granuloma after gels containing microparticles were treated using an 808-nm diode laser using intralesional laser technique.
the latter melted and liquefied the organic and synthetic components of the granulomas , facilitating subsequent evacuation.
both lasers had an easily controllable thin laser beam , which enabled the physician to control tissue damage and minimize discomfort and pain.
results : all @number@ patients experienced reduction or complete resolution , the latter increasing with repeated treatments.
conclusion : laser-assisted treatment offers a successful solution for patients who have been suffering from disfiguring nodules from injected fillers-often for many years.
background : the manufacturers of permanent injectable fillers claim that their products are widely inert , biocompatible , atoxic , and nonimmunogenic.
foreign body reactions that are seen as inflammatory , sometimes disfiguring , nodules may develop years later at the injection sites.
objectives : permanent fillers differ with respect to composition and chemical and biological characteristics.
the changes that some of the permanent fillers undergo during years of residence in human tissue have not been included in this discussion.
these structural changes may be one of the reasons why adverse reactions to permanent fillers occur clinically with a delay of several years.
results : after @number@ years in all specimens , changes of degradation of the filler material could be detected.
bacteria were not found in any of the specimen.
objectives : to provide physicians with an overview for treatment of dermal filler complications.
complications can be classified as immediate , early , or delayed onset ; available treatment options are presented.
conclusion : short- and long-term dermal fillers are increasingly becoming popular treatment options for signs of facial aging.
complications , although not common , can be treated effectively and excellent outcomes achieved.
previous trials with nasha dermal fillers have included small numbers of patients with pigmented skin.
methods and materials : one hundred fifty patients ( predominantly african american ) were enrolled at @number@ sites.
results : all related aes were mild or moderate and of limited duration.
they included bruising , tenderness , edema , redness , itching , pain , and changes in pigmentation.
the incidence of aes was not different between the @number@ preparations , and no patient developed a keloid.
there were @number@ reported mass formations , @number@ of which were infectious in nature.
objective : to provide clinical experience with its cosmetic use , solely and in conjunction with other nonpermanent fillers , in a private practice setting.
methods and materials : a retrospective chart review was conducted for patients treated by the author over @number@ years , beginning in @number@
treatments were tabulated according to facial region and arbitrarily designated as rhytides , acne scars , lips , infraorbital , nasolabial , and general contour.
therefore , up to six treatments were possible with any visit.
concomitant treatment with nonpermanent fillers , as well as any significant adverse events , was noted as well.
results : nine hundred sixteen patients were treated ( @number@ ( @percent@ ) female , @number@ ( @percent@ ) male ) .
there were @number@ treatments over @number@ visits , with an average of @number@ visits per patient and @number@ treatments per visit.
adverse events were limited to overcorrection in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
of the @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were also treated with other ( nonpermanent ) fillers without incident.
conclusion : over the 6-year period , pdms-1000 was found to be effective and safe in the cosmetic practice setting.
other ( nonpermanent ) fillers were also used without incident.
background : injection of dermal fillers is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures.
serious complications from fillers are rare but potentially devastating to patients and physicians.
methods : we present a review of the literature and three cases of nasal alar necrosis after dermal filler injection.
conclusion : nasal alar necrosis associated with dermal filler injection is a rare event.
proper technique and recognition of risk factors may reduce the incidence of this complication.
physicians should be aware of early intervention and treatment options should impending necrosis become apparent.
background : for the glabellar region , severe partly vascular adverse events have been reported after treatment with injectable fillers.
patients were analyzed descriptively.
results : forty of @number@ registered patients reported adverse events in the glabellar region.
all patients were female , with an average age of @number@
the most common adverse reactions to hema / ema in ha and pla were nodules and hardening.
in ha-treated patients , erythema and inflammation , swelling , and pain were most frequent.
the adverse reactions to hema / ema in ha were severe in @percent@ of the patients.
severe adverse reactions were found to a lesser extent in patients treated with ha and pla.
potential vascular complications were documented in only two patients.
conclusion : adverse reactions seen in the glabella are overwhelmingly product associated and to a lesser extent location associated.
vascular complications with necrosis and ulceration were rare.
background : polyalkylimide is a nonresorbable , biocompatible polymeric filler that has been used for several years to treat soft tissue deficits.
the literature has shown a minor complication rate.
we noticed that complications typically appear several years after injection.
objective : to evaluate the complications reported after treatment with polyalkylimide.
the most common complication was inflammation ; other complications were hardening , migration , and accumulation of the product.
in some patients , skin biopsy followed by histologic examination was performed.
conclusion : treatments with polyalkylimide have been reported to give rise to complications years after treatment.
the dutch society of cosmetic medicine advises against the use of polyalkylimide.
background : a constantly increasing number of gel fillers for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes have been introduced during the last @number@ years.
most of the new ones are modified versions of the original collagen and hyaluronic acid gels.
objective : complications occur , and they appear to be more frequent with particulated fillers , polyacrylamide gel and silicone oil.
however , these complications differ in nature and depend on the filler type used.
methods and materials : this overview presents the different gel filler types , how they interact with host tissue , and what can go wrong.
the results and conclusion are based on experimental and clinical observations coupled with a search of the literature.
results and conclusion : complications following homogenous hydrogels are caused by infection with bacteria , which have been inserted into the gel during injection.
each trial consisted of a 30-s constant-torque stretch of the plantar flexor muscles.
in addition , the intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) and standard errors of the measurement ( sem ) were calculated for test-retest reliability.
icc values were > or = @number@ and sem values ( expressed as percentage of the mean ) were < or = @percent@.
we performed a genome-wide association study ( gwas ) in @number@ individuals of european ancestry with parkinson's disease ( pd ) and @number@ controls.
we exchanged data with colleagues performing a gwas in japanese pd cases.
association to pd at snca was replicated in the japanese gwas , confirming this as a major risk locus across populations.
these data demonstrate an unequivocal role for common genetic variants in the etiology of typical pd and suggest population-specific genetic heterogeneity in this disease.
telomere length in humans is emerging as a biomarker of aging because its shortening is associated with aging-related diseases and early mortality.
however , genetic mechanisms responsible for these associations are not known.
sequence analysis of htert and hterc showed overrepresentation of synonymous and intronic mutations among centenarians relative to controls.
moreover , we identified a common htert haplotype that is associated with both exceptional longevity and longer telomere length.
thus , variations in human telomerase gene that are associated with better maintenance of telomere length may confer healthy aging and exceptional longevity in humans.
this study aimed to evaluate whether subjective assessments of unmet need may complement conventional methods of measuring socioeconomic inequity in health care utilization.
people who report unmet need due to waiting times use more health services than would be expected based on their observable characteristics.
estimates of inequity remain unchanged when we incorporate information on unmet need in the analysis.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) can present with non-amnestic clinical syndromes.
we investigated whether there is an imaging signature of ad pathology in these atypical subjects.
we identified @number@ subjects that had pathological ad , a non-amnestic presentation ( i.e. atypical ad ) , and mri.
voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest ( roi ) analysis were used to assess patterns of grey matter loss.
loss was observed in the temporoparietal cortex in both typical and atypical ad , and showed significantly greater loss than ftld.
however , the medial temporal lobes were more severely affected in typical ad and ftld compared to atypical ad.
a ratio of hippocampal and temporoparietal volumes provided excellent discrimination of atypical ad from ftld subjects.
during the weaning process and throughout childhood human offspring are supported by the provision of energy dense and easily digestible foods.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a nosological entity proposed as an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia.
this study clearly demonstrates that oxidative stress damage occurs in patients with mci and ad.
considerable public attention has been focused on the issue of youth violence , particularly that associated with drug use.
familiarity appears to mature relatively early in development and is maintained with aging , whereas recollection shows protracted development and deteriorates with aging.
memory sensitivity was greatest in young adults , although all groups showed increases in memory sensitivity and r judgments with repetition.
repetition enhanced the parietal effect in all but older adults.
however , post-hoc analyses indicated that reduced recollective processing was confined to poor-performing older adults.
by contrast , children appeared to rely mainly on recollection concordant with their conservative decision criteria across tests.
objective : to investigate the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis ( oa ) in a community-based elderly korean population and to identify its risk factors.
hip oa was defined as minimum jsw of < or = 2mm or < or = 2.5mm.
multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equation ( gee ) model was performed to exclude confounding factors.
conclusions : the prevalence of hip oa in elderly korean was @percent@ ( jsw < or = 2mm ) in community-based population.
these mechanisms are reviewed in the present article.
several recent studies have documented age-related changes in brain activity less amygdala activity and higher prefrontal activity in response to emotional stimuli.
younger participants had a larger volume of activity in the amygdala but less in the prefrontal cortex than the old.
the old showed more habituation to highly arousing negative but not positive or neutral stimuli in prefrontal cortex as compared to younger participants.
thus prefrontal cortex activity indexes emotion in the elderly , but not the young.
amplified prefrontal activity suggests elderly increase cognitive control for negative , highly arousing emotional stimuli , but it is not maintained.
taken together , age-related increases in prefrontal activity and reduced amygdala activity may underlie observed affective changes in aging.
background : menopause is associated with sharp declines in concentrations of circulating estrogens.
this change in hormone milieu has the potential to affect brain functions relevant to dementia and cognitive aging.
hormone therapy begun in this older postmenopausal group does not ameliorate cognitive aging.
cognitive outcomes of midlife hormone exposures are less well studied.
there is no strong indication of short-term cognitive benefit of hormone use after natural menopause , but clinical trial data are sparse.
little research addresses midlife estrogen use after surgical menopause ; limited clinical trial data imply short-term benefit of prompt initiation at the time of oophorectomy.
whether exogenous estrogen exposures in the early postmenopause affect alzheimer risk or cognitive aging much later in life is unanswered by available data.
observational results raise the possibility of long-term cognitive benefit , but bias is a concern in interpreting these findings.
general significance : estrogen-containing hormone therapy should not be initiated after age @number@ to prevent dementia or remediate cognitive aging.
further research is needed to understand short-term and long-term cognitive effects of estrogen exposures closer to the age of menopause.
recent studies of the heart show that the interstitium informs organogenesis and responsiveness to pathological stimuli through continuous bidirectional cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiac cells.
dti data were collected from @number@ ad patients , @number@ mci subjects and @number@ healthy controls.
voxel-based analysis with tbss was used to compare fa among the three groups.
we conclude that tbss is a promising method in examining the degeneration of neurofiber tracts in mci and ad patients.
cancer is anticipated to exceed cardiovascular disease as the primary cause of mortality in the united states population.
despite efforts in tobacco control , the aging of the population and obesity epidemic will contribute toward the increasing incidence of cancer.
cancer treatment summaries and survivorship care plans are an initial attempt to address the current fragmentation and lack of coordination in care that exist today.
cancer survivors are at risk for a wide range of late effects after their primary cancer treatment.
unfortunately , there is limited information about the exact incidence and prevalence of many physical late effects.
what is the excess risk of osteoporosis in a 70-year-old man receiving endocrine therapy for prostate cancer ?
what is the risk of coronary artery disease after mantle irradiation for hodgkin lymphoma ?
mutations that inhibit the insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) extend the lifespan of worms , flies and mice.
however , it appears that relatively low circulating levels of igf-1 in humans are associated with aging-related diseases and diminished longevity.
we measured ltl by southern blots and igf-1 by enzyme-linked immunoassay.
age-adjusted ltl was positively associated with igf-1 level throughout the age range of the cohort ( r = 0.270 , p < 0.001 ) .
igf-1 accounted for about @percent@ of the inter-individual variation in ltl over and above the effect of age.
our findings suggest that both circulating igf-1 and ltl are indices of healthy aging in humans.
further research will be necessary to establish whether ltl will ultimately be used in clinical settings as an index of healthy aging.
sir2 / sirt1 , a mediator of longevity in several animal models , is a member of the sirtuin family of type iii histone deacetylases.
sirt1's activity on these substrates may underlie its connection with the metabolic changes brought about by caloric restriction ( cr ) .
sirt1's activation patterns and roles in energy metabolism appear to have tissue specific differences.
a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of sirt1's metabolic functions is necessary to effectively design sirt1-based therapeutic interventions for metabolic disorders.
results : the finnish data demonstrate a marked increase in rbc consumption with increasing age among recipients , beginning at around @number@ years of age.
the 70- to 80-year-olds have an eightfold higher rbc consumption than 20- to 40-year-olds.
introduction : females despairing of restless genital syndrome ( regs ) may request clitoridectomy for treatment of unwanted genital sensations.
aim.
the aim of this study was to report persistence of regs despite clitoridectomy.
main outcome measures : the main outcome measures included sensitivity of dorsal nerve of the clitoris in ripb and mri-pelvis.
laboratory assessments , and eeg and mri of the brain were in agreement with aging , but all results were within the normal range.
sensory testing of the genital area showed various points of static mechanical hyperesthesia at the left dermatome of the pudendal nerve.
manual examination of the ripb also elicited the genital sensations at the left side of the vagina at about the @number@ o'clock position.
conclusions : this patient fulfilled all clinical criteria of regs that is believed to be caused by neuropathy of the left pudendal nerve.
clitoridectomy is no optional treatment of regs.
there is a need for publications of regs in general medical journals.
introduction : diabetic men with erectile dysfunction ( ed ) are less responsive to therapy with type @number@ phosphodiesterase ( pde5 ) inhibitors.
hypertension , hypercholesterolemia , or aging did not exert a further impairment of endothelial relaxation among ed patients.
diabetes also causes a further impairment of neurogenic relaxation in hcc and hpra.
the basal and stimulated content of cgmp in hcc was significantly decreased in patients with ed , but specially reduced in diabetic patients.
diabetes clearly impaired pde5 inhibitor-induced vasodilation of hpra from ed patients.
conclusions : ed is related to impaired vasodilation , reduced relaxant capacity , and diminished cgmp content in penile tissue.
these alterations are more severe in diabetes and accompany reduced relaxant efficacy of pde5 inhibition.
depression is the leading cause of non-fatal disease burden in australia.
recently , increasing public recognition , together with the development of more integrated medical and psychological healthcare services has resulted in significant improvements.
new pathophysiological models incorporate structural brain changes with established changes in neurotransmitter function.
further , recognition of predisposing factors and the salience of differential ages of onset have led to more pragmatic diagnostic systems.
results : igf-i levels were significantly lower in the highest age categories.
bmi and biceps skinfold measurements were lower in the lowest igf-i quartile in men aged > or = 75.5 years.
in women with a high total physical activity score ( > 174 min / day ) , whr was lower in the lowest igf-i quartiles.
conclusion : in this large cohort of community dwelling older people , we observed lower serum igf-i levels in the higher age categories.
a low serum igf-i was associated with significantly lower measurements of body composition , such as bmi , skinfolds and whr.
these results do not support previous findings that high igf-i levels are favourable for a healthy body composition in community dwelling older people.
v ( avg ) increased ( p < @number@ ) , as did voids / l intake ( p = @number@ ) .
of the changes in diary variable outcomes differed by treatment group after accounting for these changes between baseline and @number@ weeks.
a single experiment was carried out to evaluate the ability of younger and older observers to discriminate object weights.
the standard weight was @number@ g , whereas the test weights ranged from @number@ to @number@ g.
the current findings of an age-related deterioration in the ability to discriminate lifted weight extend and disambiguate the results of earlier research.
a serious dichotomy currently exists in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) and cancer research.
this seriously hampers realistic extrapolation of preclinical findings to the general population affected by cancer.
this report recommends research priorities that can help close the gaps in our understanding of aging as it relates to hsct and cancer.
methods : data were collected from postal surveys of adults aged @number@ years and over.
the walking and stair-climbing items were formed into two super-items to remove response dependency.
the rasch measurement model was used to form an interval-level score and fit to this model was assessed.
the scoring mechanism was applied to three external data sets and fit to the rasch model was assessed.
repeatability , construct validity , and responsiveness of the new interval scale were examined.
results : overall , the fit of the super-items to the rasch model was good , with little evidence of misfit.
our analyses broadly support the generalisability , repeatability , construct validity , and responsiveness of this new interval-level score.
further work is needed to assess the generalisability of this rasch score to other populations and to determine a clinically meaningful change score.
the specimens taken from the left side were analyzed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pqct ) and micro-ct.
the specimens taken from the right elbow joint were analyzed by radiography and histomorphometry.
the presented study demonstrates that the radial head is a skeletal site where different age- and sex-related changes of the bone structure become manifest.
caloric restriction ( cr ) increases maximum lifespan but the mechanisms are unclear.
obesity and aging are associated with increased sns activity , and weight loss and / or exercise seem to have positive effects on this balance.
autonomic function was assessed by spectral analysis of heart-rate variability ( hrv ) while fasting and after a meal.
measurements were performed at baseline and @number@ months.
hr and sns index decreased and pns index increased in all intervention groups but reached significance only in crex.
hr and sns index increased and pns index decreased in response to the meal in all intervention groups.
the results therefore suggest that weight loss improved sns / pns balance especially when cr is combined with exercise.
however , most community-dwelling persons with dementia are cared for in primary care settings where a more in depth pain assessment is unlikely.
therefore , it is vital to know the clinical predictive value of self-report pain assessment in this population.
design : longitudinal.
patients and caregivers were assessed every @number@ months for @number@ months.
setting : veterans affairs medical center , houston , tx.
results : pain scores at each time period were predictive of increased agitation and depression and decreased pleasant event frequency @number@ months later.
conclusions : our results suggest that persons with dementia who affirmatively respond to pain questions are at higher risk for developing negative psychosocial states.
design : secondary analysis of baseline data from a population-based cohort study.
setting : bambuí , brazil.
participants : of @number@ total residents aged @number@ years or older , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participated at this study.
measurements : a standard brazilian version of the mmse.
the latter is primarily attributable to attenuation of the orbitomalar ligament.
methods : this study was a retrospective , consecutive , nonrandomized , interventional case series.
the authors reviewed the medical records of @number@ consecutive patients who underwent transcutaneous lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbitomalar suspension.
the aesthetic outcome , patient satisfaction , and development of eyelid malposition were evaluated.
all patients reported satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome.
one patient ( @number@ percent ) developed lower eyelid retraction requiring subsequent lower eyelid tightening.
three patients ( @number@ percent ) developed transient lagophthalmos from lower eyelid orbicularis paresis that resolved spontaneously.
conclusions : transcutaneous lower eyelid blepharoplasty combined with orbitomalar suspension is a powerful technique that can be performed concomitantly with facial rejuvenative procedures.
orbitomalar suspension addresses midfacial ptosis by restoring the natural function of the orbitomalar ligament and minimizes the development of postoperative lower eyelid malposition.
in contrast , handgrip did not provide increments in the explained variance.
the predicted role of cmj on interlimb coordination indicates that a fine neuromuscular activation timing is central for both jump and coordinative performances.
physical function testing consisted of tasks designed to mimic common physical activities of daily living ( adl ) .
st improves performance in functional tasks important for adls.
changes in strength , power , and ffm are predictors of st-induced improvements in these tasks.
salivary samples were collected at rest and @number@ minutes after the @number@ water-based exercise protocols.
the samples were used to determine salivary levels of free testosterone and cortisol.
the testosterone response to the w19 protocol was significantly higher in young than in elderly men ( p < @number@ ) .
study design : a retrospective radiographic study.
objective : to elucidate the kinematic relationships of the upper cervical spine.
methods : we performed kinetic magnetic resonance imaging for @number@ consecutive patients experiencing neck pain without neurologic symptoms.
subjects with rheumatoid arthritis , traumatic history , and severe degenerative changes in the upper cervical spine were excluded.
results : aadi significantly increased from extension to flexion posture , however , no significant differences were observed in every posture among the groups.
the cervicomedullary angle significantly increased from flexion to extension posture , however , no significant differences were observed in every posture among the groups.
the central atlantoaxial joint may be closely related to the mechanisms for protecting the spinal cord by restriction of the atlantoaxial movement.
methods : we conducted a systematic review of the excess risk of incident dementia conferred by stroke.
studies of the risk of incident dementia in the population with stroke compared with the population without stroke were identified and compared.
results : sixteen studies were identified with all but one conducted in a community setting.
a history of stroke doubles the risk of incident dementia in the older population.
this increase is not explained by demographic or cardiovascular risk factors or by prestroke cognitive decline.
the excess risk of incident dementia diminishes with time after stroke and may be higher in those without an apoe epsilon4 allele.
conclusions : the effect of stroke on dementia incidence in the population is not explained by common risk factors.
family studies of exceptional longevity can potentially identify genetic and other factors contributing to long life and healthy aging.
although such studies seek families that are exceptionally long lived , they also need living members who can provide dna and phenotype information.
on the basis of these considerations , the authors developed a metric to rank families for selection into a family study of longevity.
floss-based selection yields families with exceptional longevity , satisfactory sibship sizes and numbers of living siblings , and high ages.
parameters in the floss formula can be tailored for studies of specific populations or age ranges or with different conditions.
objective : tissue doppler imaging ( tdi ) is used routinely to quantify left ventricular function and filling pressure.
however , there remains a lack of percentile-based normative reference values for these clinically important parameters.
subjects were free of manifest cardiovascular disease , cardiovascular risk factors , and significant coronary artery disease as determined by electron-beam computed tomography.
they underwent 2d and doppler echocardiography for assessment of left heart structure and function.
average e / ea ratio increased significantly with advancing age ( p < @number@ ) .
objective : to test whether the normal aging itself may change the cortical plasticity in human.
conclusions : these results suggest that the human m1 shows age-dependent reduction of cortical plasticity.
aging appears to be intrinsically related to carcinogenesis.
genomic instability due to telomere shortening plays an important role in carcinoma development.
we also estimated anaphase bridge ( ab ) , which is inferred to be related to chromosomal instability.
we also demonstrated increased incidences of ab , not only in cis , but also in the background and control epithelia with excessively shortened telomeres.
thus we have conclusively demonstrated that cis arises from epithelium with short telomeres.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
autonomic imbalance , characterized by a hyperactive sympathetic system and a hypoactive parasympathetic system , is associated with various pathological conditions.
over time , excessive energy demands on the system can lead to premature aging and diseases.
heart rate variability ( hrv ) may be used to assess autonomic imbalances , diseases and mortality.
parasympathetic activity and hrv have been associated with a wide range of conditions including cvd.
further arguments based on stability and heat loss suggest that p should be close to @date@ .
data from hong kong and british children are consistent with these hypotheses.
objectives : this prospective study evaluated the association of obesity and hypertension with left atrial ( la ) volume over @number@ years.
left atrial volume was determined by standardized echocardiography at baseline and again after @number@ years.
left atrial volume was indexed to body height ( ila ) .
left atrial enlargement was defined as ila > or = 35.7 and > or = 33.7 ml / m in men and women , respectively.
results : at baseline , the prevalence of lae was @percent@.
the highest ila was found in the obese hypertensive subgroup ( @number@ ml / m ; p < @number@ vs. all other groups ) .
conclusions : in the general population , obesity appears to be the most important risk factor for lae.
background & aims : screening colonoscopy is an effective method to reduce the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer ( crc ) .
there is little empirical evidence available about the optimal interval for screening , making this a subject of debate.
we associated the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasms with time since negative colonoscopies.
data were compared with that from subjects who had not received colonoscopies.
prevalence of advanced adenoma was also much lower among subjects who had previous colonoscopies ( spr = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
very few human genes can be used to identify spontaneous inactivating somatic mutations.
it may be possible to further investigate the relationship between aging , mutations , and cancer using this approach.
in addition , several ongoing studies that were designed to address these limitations are reviewed.
these and future well-designed trials can better inform the field regarding the utility of exercise in the treatment of depression.
results : sexual thoughts / fantasies and sexual interest / desire / spontaneous morning erections emerged quickly and plateaued after @number@ weeks.
total erections rose to a maximum over @number@ weeks and then plateaued.
ejaculations per week / satisfaction with sex life rose over the first @number@ weeks , increasing steadily to a plateau at @number@ weeks.
depression scores decreased to reach a plateau after @number@ weeks.
aggressiveness did not change.
good mood improved after 6-9 weeks.
positive effects on self-confidence appeared between 3-6 weeks and on fatigue after 9-12 weeks.
results : cronbach's alpha of @number@ ( n = @number@ ) showed a good internal consistency of the arabic adam questionnaire.
among participants , @percent@ and @percent@ had low serum bt levels and a positive adam questionnaire , respectively.
the prevalence of positive adam and low serum bt is increasing with age.
frailty has become one of the ' hot spots ' in geriatric research.
it is estimates that prevalence rates up to @percent@ and pre-frailty rates up to @percent@ qualify for the term \ "epidemic \ ".
although the role of nutritional deficiency in the development of age-related frailty was suggested long ago , research conducted in this area is relatively recent.
this review summarizes the recent literature on the nutritional pathways to frailty with particular focus on the effect of energy , protein and micronutrients.
background : the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) increases with age.
in the current study , the authors assessed the use of thyroidectomy and rai among elderly patients with dtc and the effects on survival.
these trends were most pronounced among those aged > or = 80 years.
among the patients who did not undergo surgery , elderly patients did not report higher rates of contraindications to surgery.
long-term outcomes should be measured to determine the impact of this apparent discrepancy in care.
evidence suggests that mitochondria undergo functional and morphological changes with age.
linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effects of age on phosphorus metabolite concentrations , intracellular magnesium and ph estimates in brain tissue.
an increase in beta ntp as a function of age ( @percent@ per decade ) approached significance ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no effects demonstrated with increasing age for intracellular magnesium , pde or inorganic phosphate.
increased pcr , increased beta ntp ( reflecting atp ) and reduced ph may reflect altered energy production with healthy aging.
one promising biomarker is beta amyloid ( abeta ) deposition.
several new radiotracers have been developed that bind to fibrillar abeta providing sensitive estimates of amyloid deposition in various brain regions.
background : urogenital symptoms affect up to half of women after menopause , but their impact on women's day-to-day functioning and wellbeing is poorly understood.
transcripts of sessions were analyzed according to grounded theory.
results : six focus groups were conducted , involving @number@ women ( @number@ white , @number@ black , @number@ latina ) .
for some participants , symptoms primarily affected their ability to have and enjoy sex , as well as be responsive to their partners.
for others , symptoms interfered with everyday activities , such as exercising , toileting , or sleeping.
clinicians may need to question women actively about these symptoms , as many are reluctant to seek help for this problem.
different theories have been proposed to understand the growing problem of antibiotic resistance of microbial populations.
objective : bond strength limitations of adhesive zirconia restorations have stood as a barrier against their widespread use.
selective infiltration etching is a new surface treatment that enhances bonding to zirconia-based materials.
beside bond strength , the performance of adhesive zirconia restorations could be affected by other variables.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of partial-retainer design on the failure load of selective infiltration-etched zirconia restorations.
four designs were tested : lingual , mesiolingual , buccal , and inlay retainers.
a full-crown retainer was used as a control.
half of the cemented restorations were subjected to an artificial aging program ( n = @number@ ) .
the failure load and type of the bonded restorations were evaluated by applying axial load to the pontic.
two-way anova and tukey s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data ( alpha = @number@ ) .
no significant difference was found between the full-crown , inlay , and buccal retainers.
artificial aging did not influence failure load of the tested restorations.
sem examination revealed that all specimens failed cohesively by fracture of the supporting tooth.
conclusions : the design of the partial retainer significantly influences the failure load and type of selective infiltration-etched zirconia restorations.
the design of the partial retainer could affect the clinical performance of these restorations.
background : chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic age-associated , degenerative diseases.
resequencing the il10 gene region did not uncover any additional common variants in the pro-inflammatory haplotype to those snps that were initially genotyped.
while the number of inmates and releasees has risen , their hiv seroprevalence rates have fallen.
we sought to determine if the share of hiv / aids borne by inmates and releasees in the us decreased between @number@ and @number@
we created a new model of population flow in and out of correctional facilities to estimate the number of persons released in @number@ and @number@
in @number@ approximately one in five of all hiv-infected americans was among the @number@ million who left a correctional facility that year.
meanwhile , the number of persons with hiv / aids leaving correctional facilities remains virtually identical.
jails and prisons continue to be potent targets for public health interventions.
accumulation of senescent cells contributes to the reduced regenerative capacity in aged tissues.
in highly proliferative tissues , replicative and premature senescence participate in determining senescent cell accumulation.
when premature senescence was induced by specific exogenous stimuli , concomitant ets-1 upregulation was also observed.
moreover , bmi-1 inhibited ets-1-mediated p16 ( ink4a ) upregulation.
altogether these findings underline a key role of bmi-1 downregulation in enforcing aging in primary human keratinocytes.
aims : to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a spanish elderly population and to analyse its association with some social and medical factors.
methods : we randomly selected a representative sample ( n = @number@ ) of people over @number@ from narón council ( a coruña ) .
socio-demographic and biomedical data were collected and cognitive status was assessed using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
women showed a higher probability of cognitive impairment than men.
for our sample , cognitive impairment was associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population.
this association was found with the presence of dementia , heart failure , anaemia , stroke and auditory deficits.
the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the membrane skeleton of these rbcs and to compare them with pathological rbcs.
we analysed the proteins of rbc ghosts obtained from our subjects before and after returning to sea level by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.
we observed lower expression and fragmentation of beta-actin after exposure to hypoxia.
this suggested an alteration in membrane skeleton structure , which was confirmed by beta-actin release in cell lysates during ghost preparation.
we observed a similar actin fragmentation and release in rbc lysates from beta-thalassaemic patients.
in conclusion , these results indicate that after exposure to hypoxia , rbcs display a modification of their actin and cytoskeleton instability.
background : the role of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin is of major interest in the altered appetite regulation of the elderly.
results : our results showed that older participants felt postprandially less hungry and more full.
although basal levels were not significantly different , active and total ghrelin levels declined postprandially only in the younger study participants.
low circulating pyridoxal @number@'-phosphate ( plp ) concentrations have been linked to inflammatory markers and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.
however , the implications of these findings are unclear.
vitamin b-6 intake was assessed using @number@ 24-h diet recalls and supplement use data.
objective : aging causes changes in nasal morphology and function.
the subjective nasal complaints and quality of life status were recorded by means of the nose and snot-20 questionnaires.
objective assessment of intranasal dimensions and nasal airflow in all subjects were performed with the use of acoustic rhinometry and active anterior rhinomanometry respectively.
however this was not the case with rhinomanometry values as no significant differences between groups were found.
in addition no statistically significant difference was demonstrated in both questionnaires scoring between younger and older subjects.
conclusion : the outcome of the nose and snot questionnaires show no deterioration of quality of life in elderly related with changes in nasal function.
acoustic rhinometry confirmed that nasal cavities are becoming larger across the lifespan.
background : cognitive decline in old age varies among individuals.
at all interviews global cognition was assessed using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
lower cognitive scores in those with less education were seen at baseline for the first two groups.
good mobility was associated with higher initial score in the group with accelerating change but not with rate of decline.
conclusion : using these analytical methods it is possible to detect different patterns of cognitive change with age.
in this investigation the effect of education differs with group.
late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) is the most common cause of late-onset dementia in western societies.
a possible explanation for the difficulty in gene identification is that load is a multifactorial complex disorder with both genetic and environmental components.
the motivation for identifying the genetics of load is clear.
not only could it shed light on disease pathogenesis , but it may also provide potential targets for effective treatment , screening , and prevention.
elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with psychiatric symptoms across several different conditions.
it remains unknown if this hormonal abnormality is a cause or an effect of the psychiatric conditions.
further , rather than causing depression , hypercortisolemia could represent a homeostatic attempt to overcome glucocorticoid resistance.
each of these possibilities will be considered , and correlational and causal evidence will be reviewed.
similarities and differences in the relationship of glucocorticoid hormones to psychiatric symptoms in these conditions will be reviewed.
the article concludes with a conceptual model of glucocorticoid actions in the brain that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
selenium ( se ) is an essential nutrient for human beings , with serious consequences resulting from clinical deficiency.
it therefore should be provided intravenously to all patients who require parenteral nutrition ( pn ) .
in most patients receiving pn at home or after surgery , 60-100 mcg / day will meet their requirements.
patients who commence pn already depleted in selenium may require more.
critically ill patients or those with severe burns may have higher requirements.
although guidelines for routine parenteral supplements of chromium ( cr ) were published , there remain major concerns about the infusion of excess cr.
in addition , little information is available on appropriate dosage for intravenous usage.
cr functions as a regulator of insulin action.
in humans , the @number@ reported cases of cr deficiency developed peripheral neuropathy , weight loss , and hyperglycemia.
supplementation of cr to the parenteral nutrition ( pn ) solution corrected these abnormalities.
of note , cr contaminants in pn solutions can increase the amount delivered by 10%-100%.
a possible method for estimating adequate cr to be provided iv is to calculate the amount physiologically absorbed in healthy people.
this amount is @number@ to @number@ times less than the daily recommended parenteral cr in adults.
the accumulated scientific data presented here point to a serious need to lower the recommended amount of parenteral cr.
calorie restriction ( cr ) slows aging and is thought to improve insulin sensitivity in laboratory animals.
in contrast , decreased insulin signaling and / or mild insulin resistance paradoxically extends maximal lifespan in various genetic animal models of longevity.
nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of cr on glucose tolerance and insulin action in lean healthy humans.
we found that the cr and ex volunteers were significantly leaner than the wd volunteers.
nonetheless , despite high serum adiponectin and low inflammation , approximately @percent@ of cr individuals exhibited an exaggerated hyperglycemic response to a glucose load.
the average human lifespan has increased throughout the last century due to the mitigation of many infectious diseases.
more people now die of age-related diseases than ever before , but these diseases have been resistant to elimination.
this type of stability pattern pervades the age-related diseases and suggests that intrinsic properties within populations determine these fractions.
recognizing this pattern and deciphering its origin will be necessary for the complete understanding of these major causes of death.
it would appear that more than the random processes of aging drive this effect.
the question is how to meaningfully approach this problem.
this commentary discusses the epidemiological and aging perspectives and their current limitations in providing an explanation.
the age of bioinformatics offers hope , but only if creative systems approaches are forthcoming.
we have analysed the fatty acid composition of frontal , temporal and parietal neocortex in @number@ normal and @number@ ad brains.
dha level varied more in ad than controls but the mean values were not significantly different.
fatty acid composition was not related to apoe genotype , age , gender or post-mortem delay.
further research is needed to distinguish between alterations that are secondary to ad and those that contribute to the disease process.
introduction : overactive bladder ( oab ) represents a disruption in the storage function of the lower urinary tract.
this bothersome condition occurs more commonly in the elderly.
methods : a review of some of the key aspects relating to management of this growing population was undertaken.
tests of famous faces are used to study language and memory.
yet , the effect of stimulus properties on performance has not been fully investigated.
multiple regression analysis showed that participants ' education , age and gender accounted for 10-32% of the variance in factor scores.
background : familial breast cancers are known to be of early onset.
this article provides differences in the age of onset of breast cancer and death by breast cancer between women with and without a family history.
family history was defined separately for affected mother or sister considering their diagnostic ages.
results : the age to reach the same cumulative incidence as women without family history decreased with decreasing diagnostic age of the affected relative.
the trend for breast cancer mortality was essentially similar.
conclusions : women with mother or sister affected by breast cancer are diagnosed and die at earlier ages than do women without family history.
the differences depend on the diagnostic age of the affected relative.
the present data may provide a rationale to derive recommendations for the starting age of screening in women with affected family members.
re consisted of @number@ sets of knee extensions.
western blots were run on muscle lysates and phosphospecific antibodies used to detect phosphorylation status of targets involved in regulation of fsr.
the intramuscular collagen fsr was evenly increased following ll- and hl-re and was not affected by feeding.
in both screening arms , cytology results of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse triggered a referral for colposcopy.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
results : the overall frequency of colposcopy referrals was @percent@ in both screening arms.
the prevalence of histologically confirmed cin or cancer was @percent@ in the hpv dna screening arm vs @percent@ in the conventional screening arm.
among women aged @number@ years or older , the hpv dna test with cytology triage tended to have higher specificity than conventional screening.
the ppvs for hpv dna screening with cytology triage were consistently higher than those for conventional screening.
conclusions : primary hpv dna screening with cytology triage is more sensitive than conventional screening.
objectives : thyroid autoimmunity decreases in the very old.
we investigated whether glucocorticoid ( gc ) activity , which increases in old age , is involved in this process.
subjects and methods : a total of @number@ ambulatory subjects ( age 51-95 years , median @number@ @number@ female ) were studied.
thyroid function tests , cortisol , glucose , insulin and biochemical parameters were measured.
a modified overnight dexamethasone suppression test ( @number@ mg ) was performed as an index of gc sensitivity.
conclusions : reduced gc activity is associated with an increased prevalence of thabs positivity in older ambulatory subjects.
subjects without thabs in this population sample are relatively older.
it is not known whether this is related to increasing gc activity with age.
method : medline , embase and the cochrane library database were used to identify potential studies.
the studies were classified into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets.
the quantitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and that of longitudinal studies were performed , respectively.
for prevalence and incidence rates of depression , odds risk and relative risk ( rr ) were calculated , respectively.
in the elderly , poor self-reported health status appears to be more strongly associated with depression than the presence of chronic disease.
across numerous model systems , aging skeletal muscle demonstrates an impaired regenerative response when exposed to the same stimulus as young muscle.
despite this similarity , from genomic microarrays @number@ unique transcripts were differentially expressed after rl in old vs. only @number@ in young subjects.
overall the transcript-level changes indicative of undue inflammatory and stress responses in these older adults were not mirrored in young subjects.
the molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial ovarian cancer initiation and progression are just beginning to be elucidated.
several microrna profiling studies have identified changes in microrna patterns that take place during ovarian cancer development.
in addition , some of the microrna patterns may have prognostic significance.
the identification of functional targets represents a major hurdle in our understanding of microrna function in ovarian carcinoma , but significant progress is being made.
the microtbs results were affected significantly by the luting system used ( p < @number@ ) .
results : age-related differences in kinematic postural responses were greater during long compared to short translations.
however , both long and short translations elicited a similar change in emg latencies and amplitudes between the older and young adults.
no age effects on the presentation order ( predictable or random ) of the translations were observed.
conclusions : long compared to short surface translations magnify the age-related kinematic but not the emg changes in reactive postural control.
the anticipatory component of postural control was not affected by age.
molecular studies in model organisms have identified potent longevity genes which can delay the aging process and extend the lifespan.
longevity factors promote stress resistance and cellular survival.
this age-related increase in cellular entropy is compatible with the disposable soma theory of aging.
emerging evidence demonstrates that the nf-kappab system is activated during aging.
aging involves selective changes in attentional control.
however , its precise effect on visual attention is difficult to discern from behavioural studies alone.
fourteen participants ( 63-74 years ) searched for a target item ( coloured , oriented rectangular bar ) among a display set of distractors.
phase-locking analysis revealed a significant increase in high gamma-band ( 36-56 hz ) synchrony indicating greater bottom-up control for feature than conjunctive search.
one of the characteristic natures of senescent cells is the hypo- or irresponsiveness not only to growth factors but also to apoptotic stress.
in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the senescence-associated hypo-responsiveness , we carried out the comparison study for gene expression profiles through microarray analysis.
in consequence , we observed the vast reduction in expression of nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking genes in senescent cells , when compared with those in young cells.
taken together , these data suggest the operation of certain senescence-associated functional nuclear barriers by down-regulation of the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking genes in the senescent cells.
the nf-kappab signaling pathways have a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers.
the activation of h69 cells by lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) resulted in the induction of relb and p100 expression.
the treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of relb without the processing of p100 to p52.
furthermore , lps-induced beta1 integrin expression and cellular attachment through an nf-kappab-dependent mechanism.
blocking relb expression prevented the increase in the expression of beta1 integrin and the attachment of h69.
thus , the treatment needs will dictate the treatment approach , particularly with injectable filler treatments.
this article suggests a series of steps to help determine the most appropriate approach for volume restoration with injectable devices for satisfying patient treatment expectations.
abstract in the united states , chronic wounds affect @number@ million patients.
the annual wound care products market is projected to reach $ 15.3 billion by @number@
chronic wounds are rarely seen in individuals who are otherwise healthy.
in fact , chronic wound patients frequently suffer from \ "highly branded \ " diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
this seems to have overshadowed the significance of wounds per se as a major health problem.
forty million inpatient surgical procedures were performed in the united states in @number@ followed closely by @number@ million outpatient surgeries.
the need for post-surgical wound care is sharply on the rise.
an additional burden of wound healing is the problem of skin scarring , a $ 12 billion annual market.
coordinated and constructive physical activity is correlated with the maintenance of cognitive function in humans.
voluntary running also enhances neuroplasticity in adult and aging rodents , but the molecular pathways underlying these effects are still being elucidated.
most studies to date have focused on brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) as a signaling target for the enhancement of neuronal function by exercise.
we will discuss the availability and mechanism of action for several diverse physical activity pharmacomimetics.
aim : previous research has identified how newly diagnosed prostate cancer affects men's daily lives , including daily activities and existential issues.
the aim of this qualitative study was to provide information if and how prostate cancer affects men's daily lives @number@ years after the diagnosis.
methods : a second follow-up interview with men who were diagnosed with localized or advanced prostate cancer approximately 18-24 months earlier.
twenty-two men aged 50-85 years participated , data were analyzed by hermeneutical interpretation with gadamer's approach.
results : the men feel healthy , but prostate cancer affects their daily lives.
they experience every day fatigue associated with several changes in life due to age.
three equivalent fusions which influenced the men are : ' age is claiming its due' , ' living with uncertainty' , and ' strengthen self-esteem'.
the unifying fusion is identified as ' balancing a changed life situation. '
men found a sense of pride , despite physical changes , in appreciating independence and close relationships.
value of life was readjusted.
the findings indicate harmony in living , enjoying being frank as well as rating the ' little ' things.
objective : to investigate the role of menopause , body mass index ( bmi ) and aging on body fat distribution in women.
in the sub-sample including age and bmi matched women the difference of regional fat parameters among menopausal status was no more statistically significant.
after two weeks , training exercise therapy was done in patients.
training will include lying position , turning body , sitting position , crawling , kneeling and standing position , walking and so on.
spastic bobath inhibiting abnormal pattern was done in the whole process of training.
the muscular tension , motor function ( gmfm ) , functional independence ( weefim ) were observed after treatment.
results : all patients were followed up from @number@ to @number@ months with an average of @number@ months.
there was significant improvement before and after treatment ( p < @number@ ) .
chronic pain is a common , yet frequently overlooked and undertreated complaint among older patients.
it may result in an impairment of the function and quality of life of these patients.
effective management of chronic pain in this population is attainable , if properly recognized and treated.
reasons for inadequate pain control by clinicians include lack of training , inadequate pain assessment and reluctance to prescribe opiates.
the approach to pain assessment and management is often different and more complex for older patients than for younger ones.
in addition , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics unique to the geriatric population make this group vulnerable to adverse medication effects.
secular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the valley of oaxaca was evaluated.
heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols ; height at @number@ years of age was also estimated.
secular increase in height occurred but estimated rates varied over time and between sexes.
males born before @number@ showed a secular increase in height but females did not.
adults of both sexes born 1930-1959 showed secular gains and estimated rates did not differ.
the secular gain in height continued among those born @number@ and later and estimated rates were similar in both sexes.
combining observations on adults with those for youth in the community indicated several phases of secular change in height that varied with years of birth.
objective : dna repair pathways are crucial to prevent accumulation of dna damage and maintain genomic stability.
alterations of this pathway have been reported in many cancers.
an increase in oxidative dna damage or decrease in dna repair capacity with aging or due to germline genetic variation may affect prostate cancer risk.
we also explored whether associations varied by smoking , by family history or clinical features of prostate cancer.
results : there were no associations between these snps and overall risk of prostate cancer.
risks by genotype also did not vary by smoking or by family history of prostate cancer.
conclusion : overall , this study found no associations between prostate cancer and the snps in dna repair genes.
breast cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer worldwide and is the most common malignant disease among women.
risk factors for breast cancer include early menarche , late menopause , hormonal therapies , exposure to environmental pollutants , smoking and alcohol use.
however , increased or prolonged exposure to estrogen is the most important risk factor.
it has been suggested that accumulation of dna damage may contribute to breast carcinogenesis.
epidemiological studies suggest that cytogenetic biomarkers such as micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes may predict cancer risk because they indicate genomic instability in target tissues.
micronuclei and comet assays were performed to detect spontaneous dna damage.
in conclusion , the present work demonstrates higher levels of dna damage in untreated breast cancer patients than in healthy women.
aim : our aim was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of loperamide and racecadotril in elderly patients with acute diarrhea.
patients were treated until recovery , defined as the production of two consecutive normal stools or no stool production for a period of @number@ h.
the median time of abdominal pain in the intent-to-treat ( itt ) population was @number@ h for racecadotril and @number@ h for loperamide.
the most frequently occurring adverse events were nausea and constipation.
genetic analysis did not report the presence of rapid or poor metabolizers.
conclusions : racecadotril is more effective than loperamide-probably due to drug interaction with loperamide-and it is not related to pharmacogenetic susceptibility.
racecadotril is also more cost effective than loperamide.
purpose : the remaining bladder is an almost forgotten entity.
we analyzed the literature and present patient data from our institution.
the median follow-up was @number@ years.
results : the most common complications were pyocystis ( @date@ ) , bleeding ( @date@ ) , and pain-related symptoms ( @date@ ) .
secondary carcinoma occurred in two cases.
secondary cystectomy was performed in one patient.
in one patient the creation of a vesicovaginal fistula resolved the pyocystis completely.
conclusions : the indication to leave the bladder in situ requires individual considerations.
due to potential complications and the progress in surgery with regards to maintaining sexual function a cystectomy should be offered to young patients.
in the aging patient however a defunctionalized bladder can be discussed.
the urologist should be aware of the potential complications and perform regular follow-up.
on the background of aging population an increase of patients suffering from stroke has to be expected during the next years and decades.
strokes are the 3rd leading cause of death and reason for disability in germany and many other countries.
treatment with platelet inhibitors plays an additional important role in secondary prevention.
patients with atrial fibrillation should receive an effective oral anticoagulatory therapy when there are certain risk factors.
background : bone mineral density is known to decrease rapidly after the menopause.
there is limited evidence about the separate contributions of a woman's age , menopausal status and age at menopause to the incidence of hip fracture.
all women were registered with the uk national health service ( nhs ) and were routinely linked to information on cause-specific admissions to nhs hospitals.
during follow-up @number@ ( @percent@ ) were admitted to hospital with a first incident hip fracture.
please see later in the article for the editors ' summary.
background : dementia drug development aims to modulate pathological processes that cause clinical syndromes.
population data ( epidemiological neuropathology ) will help to model and predict the potential impact of such therapies on dementia burden in older people.
presently this can only be explored through post mortem findings.
methods and findings : a multicentre , prospective , longitudinal study of older people in the uk was linked to a brain donation programme.
neuropathology of @number@ consecutive brain donations assessed degenerative and vascular pathologies.
logistic regression modelling , with bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses , was used to estimate ar at death for dementia for specific pathologies and other factors.
other significant factors include cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( @percent@ ) and lewy bodies ( @percent@ ) .
we found that multiple pathologies determine the overall burden of dementia.
these data justify a range of strategies , and combination therapies , to combat the degenerative and vascular determinants of cognitive decline and dementia.
please see later in the article for the editors ' summary.
background : as the aging population continues to increase , the surgical needs of the elderly will increase.
the acute care surgery model has been developed in which the trauma team also manages all general surgical emergencies to improve patient outcomes.
we retrospectively reviewed our elderly acute care surgery population during the past @number@ years to determine the variables affecting major abdominal surgery outcomes.
we assessed after-hours operations , length of stay , duration of operation , gender , comorbidities , and mortality.
we performed spss , chi2 , and logistic regression analyses.
results : a total of @number@ operations were performed with a mortality of @percent@.
neither operative duration nor off-hours surgery was associated with increased mortality.
conclusions : this is the first study to report mortality data and expected survival curves for major abdominal surgery in the octogenarian population.
our data prove that it is safer than previously thought to operate on the elderly.
background : aging is associated with a decline in immune function.
this may contribute to decreased ability of an elderly patient to mount an appropriate innate inflammatory response when injured.
this study examined elderly trauma patients to determine whether there was a difference in neutrophil response to injury when compared with controls.
blood samples were also taken from the injured elderly group within @number@ hours of trauma and subsequently at two periods during their hospital stay.
a single blood sample was obtained from the noninjured control groups.
neutrophils were analyzed for cd18 expression , stimulated oxidative burst , apoptosis , and il-10.
results were compared using one-way analysis of variance ( alpha @number@ ) .
this study was approved by the institutional review board.
results : twenty-four injured elderly subjects were enrolled : mean injury severity score @number@ average age @number@ years , @percent@ survival , @percent@ blunt trauma.
cd18 levels in the elderly injured subjects for all three time periods were significantly higher than both control groups.
when evaluated between controls , cd18 for the noninjured elderly ( nie ) was also significantly higher than the noninjured young ( niy ) .
the neutrophil stimulated oxidative burst in the injured elderly subjects at time periods @number@ @number@ and @number@ was not significantly different from the niy controls.
however , the injured elderly had a significantly higher oxidative burst at time period @number@ than the nie controls.
apoptosis in the injured elderly subjects was significantly lower in all three time periods than the niy.
there was no difference in apoptosis between the injured elderly subjects when compared with the nie controls.
there was no significant difference in il-10 expression among groups.
conclusion : injury results in differences in innate immune function in the elderly when compared with controls.
the clinical significance of this is uncertain and warrants further investigation.
the aging process leads to normative age-related bodily and functional declines and numerous social changes and life events that potentially threaten the self-concept.
despite these changes , the majority of older adults are able to maintain a positive sense of self and remain resilient.
this article presents an integrative review of the empirical literature addressing self-concept in older adults.
glioblastoma multiforme remains one of the most intractable human malignancies.
in theory , rnai responses can selectively target intersecting oncogenic pathways to induce a tumor cell specific rnai synthetic lethal response.
however , the concept of inducing in vivo synthetic lethal rnai responses has not yet been addressed.
here we tested the in vivo ability of synthetic lethal rnai responses to treat glioblastoma.
to deliver sirnas into cells , we fused a peptide transduction delivery domain to a dsrna-binding domain ( ptd-drbd ) .
drbds avidly bind to sirnas , masking the sirna anionic negative charge and allowing for efficient ptd-mediated sirna delivery into the entire cell population.
thus , sirna induced synthetic lethal rnai responses have great potential for personalized medicine treatment of cancer.
research performed in the last few years has revealed important roles for the spatial and temporal organization of the genome on genome function and integrity.
a challenge in the field is to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the organization of genome function.
a-type lamins , key structural components of the nucleus , have been implicated in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and chromatin structure.
interestingly , alterations of a-type lamins lead to defects in dna replication and repair as well as gene transcription and silencing.
these studies support the notion that increased genomic instability due to defects in telomere biology and dna repair contribute to the pathogenesis of lamin-related diseases.
dementia is a progressive and incurable condition that in one way or another affects nearly everyone.
examples of specific types of dementia include alzheimer disease , vascular dementia , frontotemporal dementia and dementia with lewy bodies.
age is the primary risk factor for dementia and the long-term social and economic effects of dementia are immense.
this article is a directed reading.
your access to directed reading quizzes for continuing education credit is determined by your area of interest.
for access to other quizzes , go to www.asrt.org / store.
the molecular mechanisms underlying ahl are unknown , and currently there is no treatment for the disorder.
oxidative stress induces bak expression in primary cochlear cells , and bak deficiency prevents apoptotic cell death.
furthermore , a mitochondrially targeted catalase transgene suppresses bak expression in the cochlea , reduces cochlear cell death , and prevents ahl.
thus , induction of a bak-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis program in response to oxidative stress is a key mechanism of ahl in c57bl / 6j mice.
objective : posterior cortical atrophy ( pca ) and logopenic progressive aphasia ( lpa ) are clinical syndromes associated with posterior brain atrophy.
we hypothesized that these @number@ syndromes are part of a single clinical and biologic continuum.
genetic analysis for apoe was conducted in @number@ patients and @number@ controls.
four patients came to autopsy.
an additional @number@ were studied with the beta-amyloid specific pet with tracer ( @number@ ) c-labeled pittsburgh compound-b ( pib ) .
apoe epsilon4 frequency was higher in all patient groups compared to controls.
the goal of this pilot study was to examine mri- and magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) -derived hippocampal correlates of pain in older adults.
methods : a subset of @number@ nondemented older adults was drawn from the einstein aging study , a community-based sample from the bronx , ny.
hippocampal data included volume data normalized to midsagittal area and n-acetylaspartate to creatine ratios ( naa / cr ) .
to identify rhox5-regulated genes , we generated 15p-1 sertoli cell clones expressing physiological levels of rhox5 from a stably transfected expression vector.
fifteen of these rhox5-regulated genes were chosen for further analysis.
analysis of rhox5-null male mice indicated that at least nine of these are rhox5-regulated in the testes in vivo.
many of them have distinct postnatal expression patterns and are regulated by rhox5 at different postnatal time points.
most of them are expressed in sertoli cells , indicating that they are candidates to be directly regulated by rhox5.
objectives : to evaluate demographics , magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) measures , and vascular risk among mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) subtypes.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : both clinics and the community.
participants : a total of @number@ subjects with mci , @number@ cognitively normal older individuals ( controls ) , and @number@ patients with alzheimer disease.
analyses of control , mci , and alzheimer disease cases revealed significant differences in brain and hippocampal volumes between each group.
apolipoprotein e genotype prevalence was significantly greater in the amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes of mci.
conversely , the nonamnestic subtypes were more likely to have increased vascular risk and to be african american.
magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess structure and function in the hippocampal formation.
the same measures were related to language function as a reference cognitive domain.
setting : community-based cohort.
participants : two hundred thirty-one elderly medicare recipients ( aged > or = 65 years ) residing in northern manhattan , new york.
results : no association was noted between entorhinal cortex volume or hippocampal cbv and memory.
background : nutrigenetics studies the role of genetic variation on interactions between diet and health , aiming to provide more personalized dietary advice.
however , replication has been low.
methods : cross-sectional , follow-up ( @number@ years ) , and case-control analyses were undertaken in @number@ independent populations.
results : prevalence of the cc genotype in study participants ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
we identified statistically significant interactions between the apoa2 -265t > c and saturated fat regarding bmi in all @number@ populations.
thus , the magnitude of the difference in bmi between the individuals with the cc and tt + tc genotypes differed by saturated fat.
likewise , the cc genotype was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in all populations only in the high-saturated fat stratum.
in contrast , at the peak of the response , old and adult t cells exhibited superimposable peptide sensitivity.
these findings identify potential targets for immunomodulation and treatment to combat lethal wnv infection in the elderly.
extended practice and appealing to prior knowledge improved explicit awareness for the stimulus contingencies for each age-group.
thus , age-related deficits in learning relations among items may be remediated using existing relational information within semantic memory as an analog for new learning.
chronic joint diseases have a major impact on society as patients suffer from pain and disability.
the latter appear to be mainly the consequence of injury , strain and aging in a predisposing genetic background.
however , such a shift towards successful treatment has not been achieved for osteoarthritis.
bone morphogenetic proteins are potent regulators of cell proliferation , differentiation and apoptosis and they have come into the spotlight in arthritis research.
aesthetic improvement of the neck and cervicomental angle remains one of the most challenging aspects of surgical facial rejuvenation.
to achieve the patient's desired result , surgeons use various techniques , either in isolation or in combination.
this article reviews the techniques that are available and the decision-making process in choosing the appropriate technique for the individual patient.
despite the variety of novel facial rejuvenation technologies available today , the reference standard for correction of the senescent jaw line and neck remains rhytidectomy.
facelift is the cornerstone procedure for the rejuvenation of the aging face.
this procedure aims to improve the appearance of the lower two thirds of the face and neck.
as with all surgical procedures , facelift is associated with certain risks and benefits.
this article describes the sources of patient dissatisfaction and the avoidance and management of complications related to facelift surgery.
benzodiazepines are potentially addictive drugs : psychological and physical dependence can develop within a few weeks or years of regular or repeated use.
the socioeconomic costs of the present high level of long-term benzodiazepine use are considerable.
these consequences could be minimised if prescriptions for long-term benzodiazepines were decreased.
however , many physicians continue to prescribe benzodiazepines and patients wishing to withdraw receive little advice or support.
the following update gives recent research results on the withdrawal pathophysiology and practical information in order to treat or prevent benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.
recent technological advances that allow faster and cheaper dna sequencing are now driving biological and medical research.
therefore , studying the basic mechanisms underlying structural and functional recovery after brain injury in aged subjects is of considerable clinical interest.
whether endogenous neurogenesis contributes to spontaneous recovery after stroke has not yet been established.
in this study , we examined in detail the vo ( 2max ) differences found among mitochondrial haplogroups.
we recruited @number@ healthy male spanish caucasian individuals and determined their mitochondrial haplogroup.
their vo ( 2max ) was determined using incremental cycling exercise ( ice ) .
vo ( 2max ) was lower in j than in non-j haplogroup individuals ( p = 0.04 ) .
in agreement with these results , vo ( 2max ) and mtod were positively correlated ( p = 0.01 ) .
in this review , we will analyze the hormonal causes , clinical relevance , and biologically relevant estrogen-modulated animal models potential for boo study.
stroke is a life-changing event.
it has been estimated that 15-30% of stroke patients become permanently disabled.
ischemic stroke accounts for approximately @percent@ of all stroke cases in china and will significantly increase the health burden because of the aging population.
effective primary prevention strategies are clearly required.
in this article , dietary modifications that could play an important role in ischemic stroke prevention for the chinese population are reviewed.
purpose : to examine the distribution and causes of corneal blindness in a rural chinese population.
methods : cluster sampling of populations age > @number@ was used.
the protocol consisted of a detailed interview , visual acuity ( va ) testing , and clinical examinations.
an eye was considered to have cornea blindness if the visual acuity was < 20 / 400 due to a corneal disease.
results : a total of @number@ eligible subjects agreed to participate , giving an attendance rate of @percent@.
we found that aging and male gender were associated with prevalence of corneal blindness.
multivariate analysis shows a higher or of corneal blindness in subjects age @number@ and older ( @number@ ) and male gender ( @number@ ) .
conclusions : corneal blindness is a public health problem in southern harbin , the majority of which is either preventable or treatable.
eye care planning must focus on corneal blindness as well as cataract.
this study examined dyadic interrelations between episodic memory and depressive symptom trajectories of change in old and advanced old age.
the authors found domain-specific lead-lag associations ( time lags of @number@ years ) among wives and husbands as well as between spouses.
for depressive symptoms , wives ' scores predicted subsequent depression increase and memory decline among husbands.
furthermore , no differences were found between the two groups regarding the magnitude of the effects , although control participants responded significantly faster than patients.
glomerular diseases are common in elderly patients and are a major cause of kidney failure.
complex age-related changes and sensitivity to drug toxicity can render diagnosis and treatment for elderly patients challenging.
as the general population is aging and the rate of ckd rising , updating knowledge on managing these patients is critical for care providers.
we provide a comprehensive review and update of the diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases in the elderly.
the study consisted of a convenience sample of four focus groups ( n = @number@ ) from a nh in central florida.
a content analysis approach was used.
data were analyzed with the use of atlas.ti version @number@
in addition , nhs should consider a person-centered approach to pain that is culturally competent given the cultural influences of both residents and staff.
finally , educational programs for cnas that include empathy-inducing scenarios could potentially improve the care provided by cnas when dealing with residents ' pain.
the transition program was subsidized by the healthcare ministry and enabled @number@ projects throughout the netherlands.
the idea was to first experiment with innovative long-term care practices outside the system and then to scale-up these innovations to change the system.
however , previous research does not highlight examples of long-term care innovations that scaled-up.
hence , the goal is to explore the barriers to govern the scaling-up of the long-term care innovations.
the barriers were identified by participating in the program and interviewing ministry , program and project actors.
the core barrier was the lack of commitment to the empowerment.
a transition program requires more than providing a subsidy.
policymakers have to learn from innovations outside the system in order to change it.
simultaneously , projects should not be entirely subsidized , otherwise there are no incentives to scale-up the innovations.
background : falls and fractures are among the principal causes of disability , and mortality of older people.
therefore , identifying treatable risk factors for falls in this population is very important.
here we evaluate the association between anemia and falls in community-dwelling people aged @number@ years and older.
methods : in @number@ @number@ community-dwelling people aged @number@ years and older were included as part of the kora-age study.
history of falls was assessed via questions derived from the national health and nutrition examination survey questionnaire.
a non-fasting venous blood sample was obtained from all study participants.
in age- and sex-stratified analyses , no significant associations between anemia or hemoglobin levels and falls could be found.
we first used descriptive analysis to identify those in poor and good health.
differences between groups were established using chi-squared and t-tests.
relationships between individual characteristics , frailty , self-management abilities and poor health were investigated with correlation analyses.
the results of the multilevel regression analyses are reported as odd ratios.
results : respondents in poor health were older than those in good health ( @number@ vs. @number@ p ≤ @number@ ) .
correlation analyses showed significant relationships between frailty , self-management abilities and poor health.
conclusions : self-management abilities and frailty are important for healthy aging among community-dwelling older people in the netherlands.
particularly vulnerable are the lower educated older adults.
interventions to improve self-management abilities may help older people age healthfully and prevent losses as they age further.
introduction : based on previous studies , a preclinical classification for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has been proposed.
the newly defined scinib category of adni subjects is more prevalent than ad preclinical stage individuals.
results : dermatologist assessments revealed a general decrease in severity of roughness , wrinkles , pigmentation , and lentigines during winter compared with summer.
age-related change in episodic memory function is commonly reported in older adults.
when detected on neuropsychological tests , it may still be difficult to distinguish normal from pathological changes.
the present study investigates age-and sex-related changes in a group of healthy middle-aged and older adults , participating in a three-wave study on cognitive aging.
the california verbal learning test ( cvlt-ii ) was used to assess their episodic memory function.
a cross-sectional analysis of results from the first wave showed higher performance in females than males , with a steeper age-related decline in males.
background : telomeres are dna-protein complexes that cap chromosomal ends , promoting chromosome stability.
telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex with a direct telomere protective function.
telomere shortening represents lifetime exposure to oxidative stress and is negatively correlated with age , smoking , and mortality.
smoking increases oxidative dna modification and thus may influence telomere dynamics and human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( htert ) activity.
objectives : this study investigated the effect of smoking on htert expression in the skin of smokers and non-smokers.
methods : a cross-sectional study in @number@ current smokers and @number@ non-smokers was conducted.
three-mm punch skin biopsies were obtained.
biopsies were examined in routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression of htert.
results : all skin biopsies from smokers and non-smokers showed cytoplasmic staining in epidermal cells.
sections positive for htert expression showed nuclear and some nucleolar staining in cells of the basal and suprabasal layers.
in the dermis , htert expression was present in some skin appendages.
the epidermis of smokers showed positive htert in @percent@ and negative htert in @percent@ of biopsies.
the epidermis of non-smokers showed positive htert in @percent@ and negative htert in @percent@ of biopsies ( p > @number@ ) .
among smokers , @percent@ showed positive and @percent@ showed negative htert expression in the dermis.
among non-smokers , @percent@ showed positive and @percent@ showed negative htert expression in the dermis.
a higher mean pack year value was found in subjects with negative rather than positive htert expression ( p < @number@ ) .
mean pack year values were higher in subjects with negative rather than positive htert expression in the dermis ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : this research focused on smoking as a lifestyle factor that may alter telomere length and subsequently telomerase kinetics in the skin.
pack year count was inversely correlated to htert scoring in the epidermis ( percentage of cells stained ) and htert expression in the dermis.
thus , smoking may affect telomerase activity in the skin , thereby contributing to skin aging.
demographic changes across the country are leading to an increased proportion of older americans.
expanding our knowledge of the history of dementia may be beneficial for its holistic understanding.
this article aims to review the trajectory of the concepts of dementia in the world and japan.
historical backgrounds of major dementia diseases are also addressed.
the first reference to \ "imbecility \ " appeared in greece in 6th century bc.
in 1970s , dementia was delineated from normal aging , and the present concept of dementia was established.
suicide cases were not more likely to be short of breath or poor sleep quality.
conclusion : after adjustment for other risk factors , suicide was strongly associated with cancer but not with other disabling , potentially fatal conditions.
some of ghrelin's changes may contribute to the regulation of food intake and weight in children.
we aimed to analyze the ghrelin response to feeding in lean or obese subjects from birth to adolescence.
total ghrelin levels are decreased after meals , irrespective of pubertal stages in obese children and adolescents.
conversely , total ghrelin is decreased after an oral glucose tolerance test in all ages , with the exception of neonates.
data on unacylated ghrelin response are scant but resemble those of total ghrelin.
the post-feeding profile in children with prader-willi syndrome is also peculiar , with a conserved and deeper inhibition of all ghrelin forms.
here he talks about art , old age and the passing of time.
imagination at home.
jean bojko and his téatr éprouvète theatre group go out to meet population.
in @number@ and during few years , elderly people produced their own work of creation.
people's vision of themselves is profoundly changed as a result , as is that of those close to them.
growing old as a woman.
has the considerable contribution of female writers to the debate played a role ?
young people still have a classic perception of old age.
wisdom and experience , dependency and bereavement undoubtedly characterise old age.
a survey of student nurses in grenoble , confirms this view.
to many people , old age appears to be a period of suffering and malaise.
others are tempted to promote a fantasy old age , and even rediscover , through scientific discoveries , the myth of eternal youth.
however , accepting and celebrating the autumn of life means firstly understanding old age for what it is : the sign of our human condition.
mental health and solitude in old age.
elderly people experience solitude as isolation , even more so when the person is ill.
however , in the same circumstances , some people see solitude as an experience of maturity.
is it simply a question of inner strength ?
background : the use of insoles may enhance postural stability and prevent falls.
methods : the study was conducted at a community hospital.
patients older than @number@ years at an outpatient clinic without abnormal gait patterns , lower limb deformities , or foot pain were enrolled.
the participants were assigned to good- and poor-stability groups on the basis of the stability index ( si ) , using the biodex® balance system.
a heel cup with an arch support insole was provided.
participants wore the insole for @number@ weeks for a minimum of @number@ hours / day.
a static balance test for si was performed at the initial meeting and @number@ weeks after the assigned insoles were worn for each participant.
results : five participants ( @percent@ ) of @number@ total did not finish the study.
there were @number@ patients in the good-stability group and @number@ in the poor-stability group.
the si , before and after intervention , was significantly different for all @number@ participants ( @number@.244±0.688 versus @number@.064±0.671 ; p < 0.001 ) .
no statistically significant difference on changes of si were seen between the two groups.
conclusion : the results suggest a heel cup with arch support insole is effective in enhancing the standing balance of the elderly.
this may be of benefit in preventing falls.
background : both peripheral nerve blocks with sedation or general anesthesia can be used for total knee replacement surgery.
objectives : we compared these anesthetic techniques on the postoperative quality of recovery early in elderly patients.
blocks were performed using nerve stimulation and @percent@ ropivacaine.
all patients received postoperative multimodal analgesia.
results : intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate were more stable with pnbs ( p < 0.001 ) .
intraoperative drugs and the postoperative sulfentanil requirement of the pnbs group were lower ( all p < 0.001 ) .
differences were greatest early after surgery with equivalence by @number@ week.
satisfaction was high and not different between groups ( p = 0.059 ) .
the trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov.
( nct01871012 ) .
results : a diagnosis was reached in @percent@ of cases.
tt was diagnostic in @percent@ of cases , csm was diagnostic in @percent@ of cases , and orthostatic hypotension was present in @percent@ of cases.
predictors of a positive tilt test were prodromal symptoms and typical situational syncope.
increased age and a pathologic electrocardiogram were predictors of carotid sinus syndrome.
varicose veins and alpha-receptor blockers , nitrates , and benzodiazepines were associated with orthostatic hypotension.
twenty-three percent of the patients had a complex diagnosis.
conclusion : neuroautonomic evaluation is useful in older patients with unexplained syncope after the initial evaluation.
a complex neurally mediated diagnosis is frequent in older people.
our results suggest that complete neuroautonomic evaluation should be done particularly in older patients.
background : participation of older people in a program of regular exercise is an effective strategy to minimize the physical decline associated with age.
methods : this was an exploratory observational study in a sample of @number@ elderly women of mean age @number@ years.
we used a structured questionnaire with standardized tests to evaluate the relevant clinical and functional measures.
a specific adherence questionnaire was developed by the researchers to determine motivators and barriers to exercise adherence.
results : the adherence rate was @percent@ in the aerobic exercise group and @percent@ in the strength training group.
the present study shows no direct relationship between worsening health status and poor adherence.
conclusion : factors related to adherence with exercise in the elderly are multifactorial.
we compared neuropsychological performance using language and mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) test scores before and after @number@ and @number@ stimulation sessions.
the two groups were matched by age and years of schooling.
in addition , the improvement was significantly higher in the i group than the ni group.
language tests seem to be more efficient than the mmse to detect early changes in cognitive status.
both af and ckd have risk factors for development of each other and eventual mortality.
methods : this study comprised @number@ patients of median age @number@ ( 60-104 ) years with coronary artery disease.
the end point was all-cause death during a mean follow-up of @number@ days.
results : of @number@ patients identified to have af , @number@ had paroxysmal type , @number@ had persistent type , and @number@ had permanent type.
in patients with ckd , paroxysmal af was independently associated with higher mortality after adjustment but not persistent or permanent af.
no type of af had an independent association with mortality in patients without ckd.
conclusion : all types of af had a high prevalence.
permanent af was independently associated with an increased prevalence of ckd and a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate.
paroxysmal af was an independent risk factor for survival in patients with ckd but not in those without ckd.
unlabelled : infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses ( hrhpv ) contribute to cervical carcinoma.
the cdk inhibitor and tumor suppressor p16ink4a is consistently upregulated in cervical carcinoma cells for reasons that are poorly understood.
it is also demonstrated that depletion of p16ink4a induces senescence in hela but not caski or ms-751 cervical carcinoma cells.
objective : to assess the construct and convergent validity of the @number@ items of the late-life disability instrument ( lldi ) in latin american seniors.
method : exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the factor structure of frequency and limitation sub-scales of the lldi.
results : factor analysis resulted in one-factor solution and acceptable model fit.
conclusion : lldi is a good instrument to assess disability in low-income populations.
further research is needed to include culturally acceptable activities for the frequency sub-scale.
research has begun to focus on the ways in which stress contributes to telomere attrition.
rural african american adolescents participated in the adults in the making ( aim ) program or a control condition.
primary caregivers provided data on nonsupportive parenting during a pretest when adolescents were age @number@
adolescents provided data on anger at the pretest and at a posttest administered @number@ months later.
when the youths were age @number@ tl was assayed from a blood draw.
subsequent exploratory analyses suggested that aim-induced reductions in adolescents ' anger served as a mediator connecting group assignment to tl.
the results suggest that the cellular-level sequelae of nonsupportive parenting and stress are not immutable.
the ability to detect errors during cognitive performance is compromised in older age and in a range of clinical populations.
no such improvements were observed when the homologous contralateral area was stimulated.
the growing follicles develop from a reserve of primordial follicles constituted early in life.
strong evidence indicates that these two reserves are functionally related.
the levels of protection achieved were equivalent to those observed with irradiated sporozoites , a candidate vaccine undergoing development for further large scale clinical trial.
only vaccination with the combined regimen of adjuvant and chemokine provided 80-100% protection against the development of bloodstream infection.
background : chlorogenic acid is a potent phenolic antioxidant.
however , its effect on platelet aggregation , a critical factor in arterial thrombosis , remains unclear.
consequently , chlorogenic acid-action mechanisms in preventing platelet activation and thrombus formation were examined.
interestingly , sq22536 ( an adenylate cyclase inhibitor ) and zm241385 ( a potent a2a receptor antagonist ) attenuated the antiplatelet effect of chlorogenic acid.
chlorogenic acid is compatible to the active site of the adenosine a2a receptor as revealed through molecular modeling.
in addition , chlorogenic acid had a significantly lower effect on mouse bleeding time when compared to the same dose of aspirin.
conclusions : antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of chlorogenic acid are associated with the a2a receptor / adenylate cyclase / camp / pka signaling pathway.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterized by premature aging in children.
however , the extensive functional effects of those drugs remain essentially unexplored.
finally , we have evaluated the effect of the different drug combinations on this cellular model.
recent studies have suggested that g-protein-coupled receptor kinase @number@ ( grk5 ) deficiency plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of early alzheimer's disease.
mild soluble β-amyloid accumulation can result in reduced membrane ( functional ) and elevated cytosolic levels of grk5.
grk dysfunction also promotes a deleterious cycle that further increases β-amyloid accumulation and exaggerates tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus.
however , the pathogenic effect of grk5 dysfunction through targeting tau hyperphosphorylation remains unclear.
taken together , these findings indicate that grk5 dysfunction accelerated tau hyperphosphorylation in app ( swe ) mice by activating gsk3β through impaired cholinergic activity.
objective : to assess the burden of mortality attributable to alzheimer disease ( ad ) dementia in the united states.
because both studies require organ donation , ascertainment of mortality was complete and dates of death accurate.
mortality hazard ratios ( hrs ) after incident ad dementia were estimated per 10-year age strata from proportional hazards models.
population attributable risk percentage was derived to estimate excess mortality after a diagnosis of ad dementia.
the number of excess deaths attributable to ad dementia in the united states was then estimated.
median time from ad dementia diagnosis to death was @number@ years.
population attributable risk percentage was @percent@ for ages 75-84 and @percent@ for ages @number@ and older.
an estimated @number@ deaths in americans aged @number@ years and older were attributable to ad dementia in @number@
echocardiographic analyses revealed a left ventricular mass of @number@ g and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of @number@ cm.
furthermore , the maintenance of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities allowed this olympic athlete to compete at the highest level for almost two decades.
this brief review is based on a president's lecture presented at the annual meeting of the american college of sports medicine in @number@
the purpose of this review was to assess the effects of climate change and consequent increases in environmental heat stress on the aging cardiovascular system.
the earth's average global temperature is slowly but consistently increasing , and along with mean temperature changes come increases in heat wave frequency and severity.
in the elderly , the increased cardiovascular demand during heat waves is often fatal because of increased strain on an already compromised left ventricle.
not surprisingly , excess deaths during heat waves @number@ ) occur predominantly in older individuals and @number@ ) are overwhelmingly cardiovascular in origin.
increasing frequency and severity of heat waves coupled with a rapidly growing at-risk population dramatically increase the extent of future untoward health outcomes.
background and aims : several studies have reported that regular consumption of breakfast is associated with health benefits.
however , only a few studies have examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and muscular function.
therefore , this study aims to investigate the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and muscle strength among apparently healthy japanese adults.
methods and results : a cross-sectional study design was used.
grip strength , as measured by a handheld digital dynamometer , was used as an indicator of muscle strength.
multivariate analysis was performed using analysis of covariance , with covariates mainly including socio-demographic , lifestyle-related and health-related factors.
conclusions : this cross-sectional study reveals a positive association between breakfast consumption frequency and muscle strength in apparently healthy adults.
design : prospective population-based cohort study.
setting : the toledo study for healthy aging , spain.
participants : a total of @number@ men and women aged @number@ years or older.
each item was pondered based on the quintiles of its distribution in the study population.
validity was evaluated by testing its association with factors related to frailty and its predictive value for adverse events.
this predictive capacity was further compared with the capacity of @number@ well-established frailty models ( the frailty phenotype and the frailty index ) .
results : fts score was associated with several comorbidities and biomarkers classically associated with frailty.
fts showed similar predictive value to the frailty index.
conclusion : fts associates with many of the factors linked to frailty and has a similar predictive capacity to that provided by the classical instruments.
its characteristics offer some advantages over them , with potential utility in research and clinical practice.
oral health is a contributory factor to general well-being and quality of life.
the canadian health measures survey between @date@ and @date@ , documented the oral problems that elderly people experience.
this article , the first of a 3-part series , discusses the impact of poor oral health on elderly people.
amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) often is an early stage of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
mci is characterized by cognitive decline departing from normal cognitive aging but that does not significantly interfere with daily activities.
this study explores the potential of scalp eeg for early detection of alterations from cognitively normal status of older adults signifying mci and ad.
regional spectral and complexity features are computed and used in a support vector machine model to discriminate between groups.
these results demonstrate the great promise for scalp eeg spectral and complexity features as noninvasive biomarkers for detection of mci and early ad.
latent variable for cognition was constructed from word recall , animal naming , and letter search.
results : associations between sep measures over the life course and cognition were similar across study centers.
education had the strongest direct association with cognition , followed by current material circumstances.
indirect path from education to cognition , mediated by current sep , was small.
direct path from mother's education to cognition was significant but modest , and partially mediated by later sep measures , particularly education.
discussion : in these eastern european populations , late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in western countries.
previous studies suggest that being bilingual slows the decline in executive control associated with the aging process.
spurred by these positive findings in normal subjects , investigators have tried to determine if being bilingual may be associated with delayed onset of ad.
the elderly nutrition program ( enp ) is being challenged to improve the quality of meal programs.
the purpose of this study was to explore how food preferences varied depending on gender and ethnic groups.
a total of @number@ participants in the enp aged @number@ years or older were interviewed.
aim : to assess the association between thiamin concentration , frusemide use , and renal function in older adults.
method : thiamin concentration was measured in @number@ consecutive admissions of patients aged over @number@ years in a secondary care hospital.
the patients were assigned to the study or control group based on frusemide use.
a two-sample t test estimated the association between frusemide use and thiamin concentration and regression between thiamin concentration and egfr.
thiamin concentration was below the reference range in 20 / 73 ( @percent@ ) of the participants.
therefore , the purpose of this study is to examine this relationship in the very old.
serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were obtained from @number@ centenarians and near centenarians ( @number@ years and older ) .
the associations between 25 ( oh ) d concentrations and measures of physical function were evaluated with unadjusted and adjusted regression models.
cox proportional hazards multivariate regression models were used to examine the associations between all-cause mortality and bmi , diet quality , and hrqol.
poor diet quality increased risk for mortality ( hr @number@ 95%ci @number@ @number@ p = @number@ ) .
finally , favorable health-related quality of life was inversely associated with mortality ( hr @number@ 95%ci @number@ @number@ p < @number@ ) .
higher diet quality and halex scores , and overweight status , were associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a cohort of advanced age.
vitamin k is one of several nutrients that have been linked with bone health.
in particular , there is an emerging literature regarding the questionable efficacy of vitamin k supplementation in reducing age-related bone loss.
the evidence for vitamin k supplementation in older adults is mixed.
methods : human prostate cancer and normal cell lines were used.
mesenchymal stromal cells ( msc ) were isolated through mechanical and enzymatic digestion from amniotic membranes and were evaluated for specific mesenchymal stromal cells antigens.
cell proliferation was examined by mtt assay.
staining with propidium iodide ( pi ) followed by flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle phase.
results : hamsc showed proper mesenchymal stem cells phenotype.
we found that hamsc conditioned media ( cm ) inhibited prostate cancer cells proliferation.
conclusions : our study provide evidences that hamsc microenvironment secretes soluble factors able to inhibit prostate cancer cells growth.
this may represent a novel strategy to control proliferation of prostate cancer through modulation of the host microenvironment.
prostate cancer is a common malignancy among men , and the current screening , imaging and sampling approaches aim to detect early-stage , organ-confined disease.
in such scenario , focal prostate cancer therapy currently relies on the index lesion concept as the dominant lesion that drives the disease natural history.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common type of presenile and senile dementia.
feeding and climbing activity , lifespan , and morphostructural changes in fly eyes also were evaluated.
overexpression of app / bace-1 resulted in the progressive and measurable defects in morphology of eyes and locomotion.
conclusion : further studies will warrant possible applications of curcuminoids as therapeutic bace-1 blockers.
significance : heart disease is the primary cause of death in the industrialized world.
cardiac failure is dictated by an uncompensated reduction in the number of viable and fully functional cardiomyocytes.
while current pharmacological therapies alleviate the symptoms associated with cardiac deterioration , heart transplantation remains the only therapy for advanced heart failure.
therefore , there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic modalities.
recent advances : cscs reside in the adult heart and govern myocardial homeostasis and repair after injury by producing new cardiomyocytes and vascular structures.
phase i clinical trials , employing autologous cscs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy , are being completed with encouraging results.
retrieval-induced forgetting ( rif ) is a phenomenon wherein practicing recalling some items impairs recall of semantically related , unpracticed items.
participants in both experiments were either warned before encoding , retrieval-practice , recall , or not at all.
the warning was combined with integration instructions in experiment @number@
warnings did not reduce forgetting in either age group in experiment @number@
forgetting increased across exposures in most cases and older adults experienced more forgetting than did younger adults.
combining integration instructions with the warning also did not reduce younger adults ' forgetting relative to baseline conditions in experiment @number@
in adjusted multi-level analyses , greater memory decline and lower general perceived control were associated with more everyday memory problems.
platelets are best known as primary mediators of hemostasis and can be either targets of ros / rns or generate radicals during cell activation.
these conditions can dramatically affect platelet physiology , leading even , as an ultimate event , to the cell number modification.
recent advances : usually , in peripheral blood , ros / rns production is balanced by the rate of oxidant elimination.
under this condition , platelets are in a nonadherent \ "resting \ " state.
during endothelial dysfunction or under pathological conditions , ros / rns production increases and the platelets respond with specific biochemical and morphologic changes.
irregular function of platelets and enhanced interaction with leukocytes and endothelial cells can contribute to pathogenesis of atherosclerotic and thrombotic events.
we studied pathological material from the rush memory and aging project ( map , n = @number@ ) .
chronic micro and macroscopic infarcts were noted.
the association of svd with atrophy did not follow a consistent pattern.
neither macroscopic infarcts nor microscopic infarcts were associated with cortical or hippocampal atrophy ( p's > @number@ ) .
tangle density was associated with cortical ( p = @number@ ) and hippocampal atrophy ( p < @number@ ) .
in contrast , amyloid burden was associated with less cortical ( p = @number@ ) or hippocampal ( p = @number@ ) atrophy.
in this large autopsy study lvd was associated with cortical and hippocampal atrophy.
the relationship between svd and atrophy requires further study.
intraneuronal amyloid-β ( iaβ ) accumulation has been demonstrated in alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
in addition to ad cases , iaβ in pyramidal neurons was readily and reproducibly demonstrated in the majority of control cases.
similar findings for controls were made across all ages , spanning from infants to the elderly.
there was no correlation of iaβ between gender , postmortem interval , or age.
current findings support a physiological role for iaβ in neuronal function over the entire lifespan.
poisson and negative binomial regressions were used to estimate three count dependent variables : physical symptom , chronic , and life-threatening medical conditions.
however , being black did remain statistically significant and positively associated with life-threatening conditions , even after controlling for ses.
results bear statistical and clinical significance , given that we are examining racial and ethnic groups.
second , growth among the hispanic population is outpacing both white and black populations.
policy initiatives , including geriatric health education , partnerships with community and grass-roots leaders will promote awareness.
objective : to explore associated proteins involved in age-related changes of the testis and better understand the roles of these proteins in the human testis.
results : twelve differentially expressed proteins were identified.
among those proteins , @number@ were upregulated and @number@ were downregulated in the aged group.
the results of western blot and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of ldhc downregulation in the aged testis.
some proteins identified had little well-known function in the human testis , as follows : akr7a3 , fdxr , pgam1 , @date@ and hmgcs2.
conclusion : our results imply that the aged testis can be a good model to find associated proteins involved in age-related changes of the testis.
it can be useful to understand the roles of those proteins in the testis.
of @number@ referred people who were born in @number@ @number@ were randomized to an intervention group or a control group.
the intervention model used an algorithm and was multifaceted for both patients and their primary care providers.
primary outcomes were risk of falling and time until falls.
data analyses were by intention-to-treat.
results : sixty-five ( @percent@ ) subjects in the intervention group and @number@ ( @percent@ ) in the control group fell during follow-up.
the difference in the risk of falls was not significant ( relative risk @number@ @percent@ confidence interval [ ci ] @number@.94-1.75 ) .
cox regression models with time from randomization to the first fall were not significant.
conclusion : this multifactorial intervention among octogenarians , including individuals with cognitive impairment or comorbidities , did not result in a reduction in falls.
a history of previous falls , disability , and cognitive impairment had no effect on the program among the community-dwelling subjects in this study.
patients and methods : this was a prospective , follow-up study of elderly patients diagnosed with mdd and receiving treatment in thailand.
follow-up assessments were conducted after @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
results : among the @number@ patients , the mean age was 68±6.02 years , and @percent@ had mdd.
the level of agreement was found to be lowest at baseline , and increased during follow-up visits.
patients who produced a low gds score were given a high rating by the clinicians.
an additional self-reporting tool such as the pss-10 could , therefore , be used in such under-reporting circumstances.
aging is associated with a progressive decline in immune function ( immunosenescence ) resulting in an increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections.
in addition , loss of cd62l , a marker of pmn activation , was reduced in pmn of older adults stimulated through multiple pathways.
rescue of pmn from apoptosis by stimulation with tlr1 was reduced in pmn from older adults.
our results demonstrate a reduction in tlr1 expression and tlr1-mediated responses in pmn with aging , and reduced efficiency of bioenergetics in pmn.
these changes likely contribute to reduced pmn efficiency in aging through multiple aspects of pmn function and suggest potential therapeutic opportunities.
in head-to-head comparison studies , tpf50 showed the best efficacy in reducing all of the three molecular markers.
the results indicated that the three tpf50 components had a synergistic effect in reducing cpd and pc , but not 8ohdg.
follow-up was at three days , one week , @number@ weeks , and one month , three months , and six months after treatment.
the single treatment protocol was well tolerated and recovery was similar to fractional co₂ laser skin resurfacing alone.
the aes were minimal and no significant complications occurred.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) has been found to be a risk factor for dementia , mild cognitive impairment , and its associated states.
however , a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn from the available data.
it is not yet clear how age can influence this relationship.
apart from methodological issues , other biological factors are likely involved in this direction reversal.
ape1 also has @number@'@number@ dna exonuclease and @number@ dna phosphodiesterase activities , and regulates transcription factor dna binding through its redox regulatory function.
the human ape1 has recently been shown to endonucleolytically cleave single-stranded regions of rna.
the onset time , maximum level and time to reach the maximum level of sensory and motor blockade were recorded.
changes to haemodynamic parameters were also recorded.
design : cohort comparison.
results : functional disability in adl decreased between the cohorts ( @number@ versus @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
functional disability in iadl also decreased between the cohorts ( @number@ versus @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
involvement in leisure activities increased between the cohorts.
conclusion : later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are less dependent in adl and more engaged in leisure activities compared with earlier cohorts.
later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are thus better equipped to maintain a non-age-related identity compared with earlier cohorts.
our findings might serve as a reason to adopt a more positive view to ageing in a world with an increasing number of older people.
additionally , select executive impairments in shifting attention ( i.e. , reversal learning ) and in decision-making quality were revealed in hiv + participants.
modifiers of neurocognition in hiv-infected women included detectable hiv plasma viral load , active hepatitis c virus co-infection , and self-reported depression symptoms.
patients and methods : we analyzed the spect images of @number@ patients with ch and those of @number@ control individuals.
results : seventeen patients with active ch , @number@ with inactive ch , and @number@ control individuals were evaluated.
the condyle / clivus ratio yielded low sensitivity for both 2d and 3d approaches.
no effect of age on condylar activity was demonstrated.
no statistically significant difference in condyle / clivus ratio was evident between patients with active and those with inactive ch.
the condyle / clivus ratio offers suboptimal results and cannot , therefore , be recommended.
no effect of age on normal condylar activity was demonstrated.
in childhood frontal lobe epilepsy ( fle ) , cognitive impairment and educational underachievement are serious , well-known co-morbidities.
the broad scale of affected cognitive domains suggests wide-spread network disturbances that not only involves , but also extends beyond the frontal lobe.
the whole brain network was characterized with graph theoretical metrics and decomposed into modules.
subsequently , the graph metrics and the connectivity within and between modules were related to cognitive performance.
although structural path length and clustering appeared normal in children with fle , structural modularity increased with stronger cognitive impairment.
it is concluded that decreased coupling between large-scale functional network modules is a hallmark for impaired cognition in childhood fle.
women from the general community , including multiple sites in the united states , were enrolled between @number@ and @number@
this cohort included @number@ white , @number@ african-american , and @number@ hispanic participants who were randomly selected from the women's health initiative cad trial.
women randomized to cad had a @number@.46-mg / dl mean decrease in ldl-c ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : supplemental cad significantly increases 25ohd3 concentrations and decreases ldl-c.
women with higher 25ohd3 concentrations have more favorable lipid profiles , including increased hdl-c , lower ldl-c , and lower tg.
these results support the hypothesis that higher concentrations of 25ohd3 , in response to cad supplementation , are associated with improved ldl-c.
however , there is no information on whether this group would be receptive to weight control programs.
we conducted a survey to determine the level of interest of adult civilian dependents of admp in participating in a group weight control program.
overall , there was a significant effect of body mass index on interest in program participation ( p = @number@ ) .
in overweight and obese survey respondents there was no significant effect of admp rank on interest in program participation ( p = @number@ ) .
the difference in the wavelet coherence of the elderly subjects and the young subjects indicates an altered cerebral autoregulation caused by aging.
though the cortical contributions to age-related declines in motor and cognitive performance are well-known , the potential contributions of the cerebellum are less clear.
the diverse functions of the cerebellum make it an important structure to investigate in aging.
here , we review the extant literature on this topic.
to date , there is evidence to indicate that there are morphological age differences in the cerebellum that are linked to motor and cognitive behavior.
cerebellar morphology is often as good as - or even better - at predicting performance than the prefrontal cortex.
we also touch on the few studies using functional neuroimaging and connectivity analyses that further implicate the cerebellum in age-related performance declines.
importantly , we provide a conceptual framework for the cerebellum influencing age differences in performance , centered on the notion of degraded internal models.
design : longitudinal , population-based cohort study.
methods : best-corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) measured by a modified early treatment diabetic retinopathy study protocol.
results : the 20-year cumulative incidence of vi was @percent@.
there was a mean loss of @number@ letters between examinations , with a 20-year loss of @number@ letters.
conclusions : three modifiable behaviors-smoking , drinking alcohol , and physical activity-were associated with changes in vision.
attention has been related to functions of alerting , orienting , and executive control , which are associated with distinct brain networks.
this study aimed at understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the development of attention functions during childhood.
performance of the ant revealed changes in the efficiency of attention networks across ages.
while no differences were observed on the alerting score , both orienting and executive attention scores showed a more protracted developmental curve.
further , age-related differences in brain activity were mostly observed in early erp components.
also , 4-6-year-olds exhibited a poorer processing of orienting cues as indexed by lack of modulation of the n1.
finally , flanker congruency produced earlier modulation of erps amplitude with age.
additionally , interactions among attention networks were examined.
both alerting and orienting conditions modulated the effectiveness of conflict processing by the executive attention network.
the orienting×executive networks interactions was only observed after about age @number@
results are informative of the neural correlates of the development of attention networks in childhood.
objective : the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) in bone health in men is debatable.
methods : the study recruited @number@ chinese and malay men.
the associations between the studied variables were assessed using multiple linear regression ( mlr ) analysis.
mediator analysis was performed using sobel test.
results : there was a significant and parallel decrease of igf-1 and sos with age ( p < @number@ ) .
the strength of the association between age and sos decreased after adjusting for igf-1 level but it remained significant ( p < @number@ ) .
sobel test revealed that igf-1 was a significant partial mediator in the relationship between age and sos ( z = @number@ ) .
conclusion : serum igf-1 is a partial mediator in the age-related decline of bone health in men as determined by calcaneal ultrasound.
a prospective study should be performed to validate this relationship.
background : botulinum toxins have been widely used in cosmetic dermatology.
neurotoxin from the cbfc26 strain ( ntc ) is a recently developed botulinum toxin type a product manufactured through refined procedures.
the secondary endpoints included the response rate of pa at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@ and photographic assessment at weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
subjects ' improvement assessment and subjective self-satisfaction levels were also investigated.
results : response rates for maximum frown were @percent@ in the ntc group and @percent@ in the onabotulinumtoxin a group at week @number@
analysis of these results strongly supports the non-inferiority of ntc to onabotulinumtoxin a in the efficacy and safety.
conclusion : ntc is as effective as onabotulinumtoxin a in the treatment of glabellar lines , and both products were well tolerated.
the need for social workers with a specialization in gerontology has become a global priority.
the purpose of this study was to explore social work students ' interest in gerontology.
the infusion of aging content may facilitate further advancement in the field , but additional strategies may also be needed.
in recent years , we have witnessed a rapid surge in assisted living technologies due to a rapidly aging society.
we will summarize the state-of-the-art aal technologies , tools , and techniques , and we will look at current and future challenges.
introduction : falls are common among older adults.
it is reported that approximately @percent@ of residents of aged care facilities fall each year.
this is a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and a significant burden for health care providers and the health system.
research question : is the program more effective and cost-effective than usual care for the prevention of falls ?
design : single-blinded , two group , cluster randomized trial.
participants and setting : @number@ residents , living in @number@ aged care facilities.
intervention : progressive resistance and balance training under the guidance of a physiotherapist for @number@ months , then facility-guided maintenance training for @number@ months.
control : usual care.
measurements will be taken at baseline , @number@ months , and @number@ months.
analysis : the number of falls will be analyzed using a poisson mixed model.
a logistic mixed model will be used to analyze the number of residents who fall during the study period.
intention-to-treat analysis will be used.
discussion : this study addresses a significant shortcoming in aged care research , and has potential to impact upon a substantial health care problem.
outcomes will be used to inform care providers , and guide health care policies.
age remains the most powerful prognostic factor among glioblastoma ( gbm ) patients.
the standard of care for elderly gbm patients remains controversial.
based on limited data , extensive resection appears to be more beneficial than biopsy.
background : the causes of increased risk of sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia are not resolved.
methods and results : in a cross-sectional study , we analyzed ecgs of a cohort of @number@ patients with schizophrenia , along with medication use.
we determined whether brugada-ecg was present and assessed standard ecg measures ( heart rate , pq- , qrs- , and qt-intervals ) .
conclusions : brugada-ecg has increased prevalence among patients with schizophrenia.
this association is not explained by the use of sodium channel-blocking medication.
however , the roles of adipocytes in cutaneous biology and disease are not well understood.
traditionally , adipocytes within tissues were thought to act as reservoirs of energy , as thermal , or as structural support.
we discuss and speculate on potential roles of dermal adipocytes in cutaneous biology with an emphasis on communication during hair follicle growth and wound healing.
recent studies reported depdc5 loss-of-function mutations in different focal epilepsy syndromes.
here we identified @number@ predicted truncation and @number@ missense mutations in @number@ children with rolandic epilepsy ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
in addition , we identified @number@ families with unclassified focal childhood epilepsies carrying predicted truncating depdc5 mutations ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
mammalian microglia are derived from a specific embryonic , self-renewable myeloid cell population that is throughout lifetime not replaced by peripheral myeloid cells.
these phylogenic and ontogenic features suggest that microglia serve vital functions.
yet , microglia often are described as neurotoxic cells , that actively kill ( healthy ) neurons.
the population-based controls were sampled from the resident registry according to the gender ratio of the el group.
in conclusion , swb , with high cognitive and emotional facets , was associated with el in the healthy rugao population.
the findings imply that interventions that aim to improve elderly individuals ' swb may promote their quality of life and , ultimately , el.
the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and cholinergic hypofunction are pathologies associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ( machrs ) mediate acetylcholine-induced neurotransmission and five machr subtypes ( m1-m5 ) have been identified.
among them , m1 machr is widely expressed in the central nervous system and has been implicated in many physiological and pathological brain functions.
in addition , m1 machr is postulated to be an important therapeutic target for ad and several other neurodegenerative diseases.
background : degenerative changes of the cervical spine are an inevitable response to certain occupational status and aging processes.
compression of cervical nerve roots may result from disc degeneration , disc herniation or intervertebral foraminal stenosis.
the precise and detailed anatomical knowledge of the intervertebral foramen of the cervical spine is essential for the diagnosis and management of cervical radiculopathy.
moreover , it will help greatly in the planning of both surgical and conservative strategies.
they subjected for morphological and radiometrical analysis.
the mean intervertebral foraminal areas in the control group of c5-c6 and c6-c7 are significantly greater than those of c3-c4 and c4-c5.
conclusions : the mean intervertebral foraminal area was greater in the lower cervical region than the upper in normal adult individuals.
in pathological condition the affection of c3-c4 and c4-c5 intervertebral foramina was more due to narrower surface area.
the pathology of cervical spine affecting the intervertebral foramina of female which complaint earlier than male due to narrower foramina.
the erp data revealed larger p3b amplitudes for context-dependent than for context-independent trials only in younger adults.
in contrast , in older adults , p3b amplitudes were more evenly distributed across the scalp and did not differ between context conditions.
we also found a larger cnv on context-dependent than on context-independent trials , reflecting active maintenance of context information and response preparation.
antioxidant vitamins supplements have been suggested as a strategy to decrease the risk of age-related cataract development.
we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of multivitamin / mineral supplements for decreasing the risk of age-related cataracts by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
in @date@ , we searched multiple databases to identify relevant studies including both cohort studies and randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) .
a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks ( rr ) with a @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) .
twelve prospective cohort studies and two rcts were included.
the two rcts demonstrated that multivitamin / mineral supplements could decrease the risk of nuclear cataracts.
there is sufficient evidence to support the role of dietary multivitamin / mineral supplements for the decreasing the risk of age-related cataracts.
setting : community nonclinical.
participants : seventeen males ( mean age of @number@ years ) reporting prior tbi and @number@ non-tbi ( mean age of @number@ years ) .
the number of years separating date of discharge and testing was @number@ and @number@ for the tbi and non-tbi groups , respectively.
design : small @number@ groups without random assignment.
conclusions : traumatic brain injury has persistent symptomatic effects and significantly affects ambulation and spatial orientation years after the event.
these findings corroborate and extend observations linking cognitive impairment and ambulation.
iop was evaluated using a noncontact tonometer.
the right eye was analyzed in all subjects.
the change in iop between the @number@ examinations and the factors that were significantly associated with the change in iop were investigated.
the mean iops of males and females in @number@ were @number@.4±3.1 and @number@.8±2.8 mm hg , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : iop decreased significantly with age.
several systemic factors were significantly correlation with the change in iop.
nutritional risk was assessed using questions associated with the determine checklist.
cox proportional hazards models were fit to assess risk of all-cause , nonsurgical , and surgical hospitalization ; nursing home admission ; and mortality.
covariates included social support , social isolation , comorbidities , and demographic measures.
persons with moderate nutritional risk had @percent@ greater risk of death ( @percent@ confidence interval : @number@ @date@ ) .
bmi was not associated with any outcomes in adjusted models.
conclusions : nutritional risk was associated with all-cause hospitalizations , nonsurgical hospitalizations , and mortality.
nutritional risk may affect the disablement process that leads to health services utilization and death.
these findings point to the need for more attention on nutritional assessment , interventions , and services for community-dwelling older adults.
the mechanistic target of rapamycin ( mtor ) pathway is crucial for life span determination in model organisms.
subjects comprised a homogeneous population of american men of japanese ancestry , well characterized for aging phenotypes and who have been followed for @number@ years.
the study used a nested case-control design involving @number@ subjects aged @number@ years and older and @number@ controls.
of @number@ aging-related phenotypes , no significant association with genotype was seen.
diabetes afflicts hundreds of millions worldwide.
this is due in part to the fact that ( despite improvements ) current anti-diabetic approaches are suboptimal.
indeed , severe morbidities ( e.g. : cardiovascular disease , hypertension ) are still too often associated with diabetes.
these results may pave the way for better anti-diabetic approaches and therefore positively impact on life expectancy of diabetic subjects.
dna methylation , one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications , plays essential roles in development , aging and diseases.
in this review , recent developments in the characterization of dnmt3a were discussed with special emphasis on the roles of dnmt3a in development and cancer.
background : dementia is associated with disruptions in sleep and sleep quality for patients and their family caregivers.
little is known about the impact of frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) on sleep.
objective : the purpose of this study was to characterize sleep in patients with ftd and their family caregivers.
methods : twenty-two patient-caregiver dyads were enrolled : thirteen behavioral variant ftd ( bvftd ) and nine semantic dementia ( sd ) .
sleep and sleep quality data were collected for @number@ weeks using diaries and actiwatches.
results : patients with bvftd and sd spent more time in bed at night compared to their caregivers.
nighttime behaviors were reported more frequently by caregivers for the bvftd patients and strongly correlated with caregiver distress.
actigraphy data showed normal sleep efficiency and timing of the nighttime sleep period for both patients and their caregivers.
caregivers of patients with bvftd reported poorer sleep quality compared to the sd caregivers.
a greater number of bvftd caregivers compared to sd reported negative aspects of sleep quality for themselves and used sleep medications more frequently.
conclusion : the clinical manifestations of bvftd appear to be associated with different and more distressing impacts on the caregiver sleep quality than sd.
objective : to determine the effectiveness of unsupervised nintendo wii fit balance training in older adults.
methods : forty-one older adults were recruited from local retirement villages and educational settings to participate in a six-week two-group repeated measures study.
participants ' balance abilities were assessed pre- and postintervention.
reported levels of enjoyment following game play increased during the study.
conclusion : six weeks of unsupervised wii balance training is an effective modality for improving balance in independent older adults.
methods : the bilateral feet of @number@ healthy volunteers and @number@ patients with plantar fasciitis were examined with swe.
the plantar fascia thickness and elasticity modulus value were measured at the insertion of the calcaneus and at @number@ cm from the insertion.
conclusion : swe allows quantitative assessment of the stiffness of the plantar fascia , which decreases with aging and in patients with plantar fasciitis.
previous research has suggested that gardening activity could be an effective form of regular exercise for improving physical and psychological health in later life.
however , there is a lack of data regarding the exercise intensities of various gardening tasks across different types of gardening and different populations.
oxygen consumption ( vo2 ) and energy expenditure for six gardening tasks were measured via indirect calorimetery using the portable oxycon mobile device.
from these measures , estimated metabolic equivalent units ( mets ) were calculated.
consistent with park et al.
mobility is critical in maintaining independence in older adults.
this study aims to systematically review the scientific literature to identify measures of mobility limitation for community-dwelling older adults.
tools to measure mobility were found to be either self-report or performance-based instruments.
commonly measured constructs of mobility included walking , climbing stairs , and lower extremity function.
there was heterogeneity in ways of defining and measuring mobility limitation in older adults living in the community.
walking is a suitable activity for older adults and has physical and mental health benefits.
using a 7-day diary and accelerometry , this study investigated destinations and purposes of walking in older adult residents of an ultra-dense asian city.
the most common destinations were within the neighborhood : parks and streets for recreation walking and shops and eating places for transport-related walking.
errands and eating were the most common purposes for transportation trips.
the study results can help inform urban design to encourage walking.
sphingolipid microdomains , also called lipid rafts , participate in several metabolic and catabolic cell processes , including apoptosis.
however , the defined role of lipid rafts in the autophagic flux is still unknown.
hence , it appears as a structural component of autophagic flux.
interestingly , exogenous administration of gd3 ganglioside was capable of reactivating the autophagic process inhibited by fumonisin b1.
background : more aging adults and the social acceptance of aesthetic treatments have increased the demand for minimally invasive aesthetic treatments.
skin resurfacing is very effective at improving aging symptoms , including wrinkles and skin imperfections.
their efficacy , along with minimal downtime , has enabled an effective and safer treatment.
a novel technology based on fractional hybrid energy™ ( he ) , combines rf and an additional electrical energy for enhancing the thermal effect.
methods : human skin samples were collected and treated ex-vivo with the he applicator.
results demonstrated a significant increase of the epidermal mitotic index , significant dermal collagen remodeling and significant increases in both epidermal and dermal gags.
numerous studies have shown associations between the foxo3a gene , encoding the forkhead box o3 transcription factor , and human or specifically male longevity.
however , the associations of specific foxo3a polymorphisms with longevity remain inconclusive.
we performed a meta-analysis of existing studies to clarify these potential associations.
a comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies of foxo3a gene polymorphisms and longevity.
pooled odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were calculated by comparing the minor and major alleles.
a total of seven articles reporting associations of foxo3a polymorphisms with longevity were identified and included in this meta-analysis.
moreover , our study showed no association between rs2153960 , rs7762395 or rs13220810 polymorphisms and longevity.
further investigations are required to confirm these findings.
randomized trials of α-tocopherol supplements on cognitive decline are negative , whereas studies of dietary tocopherols have shown benefit.
brain concentrations of γ- and α-tocopherols may be associated with ad neuropathology in interrelated , complex ways.
randomized trials should consider the contribution of γ-tocopherol.
if correct , decreasing the formation or removing amyloid should be therapeutic.
despite discrepancies in the proposed mechanism , and failed clinical trials , amyloid continues to be considered the cause of a degenerative cascade.
with impaired microvasculature , a lack of vascular endothelial-derived trophic factors and decreased cerebral blood flow cause the atrophy of neural structures.
therapeutic strategies should focus on supporting normal angiogenesis.
human behaviour is made up of many repeated patterns and habitual behaviours.
our day to day lives are punctuated by work , education , domestic chores , sleep and food.
this increase in energy intake is not necessarily offset by an increase in activity , rather an increase in sedentary behaviours.
some research has observed an increase of more than @number@ cal per day over the weekend in american adults.
over the course of one year , this can result in a significant increase in body mass.
senescent cells secrete a plethora of factors with potent paracrine signaling capacity.
tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( trail ) has the unique activity of activating cell death exclusively in tumor cells.
dynamic transcription profiling of cms-exposed pretransformed cells indicated a paracrine autoregulatory loop of sas factors and a dominant role of cms-induced myc.
sensitization to trail coincided with and depended on myc upregulation and massive changes in gene regulation.
senescent cell-induced myc silenced its target gene cflar , encoding the apoptosis inhibitor flipl , thus leading to the acquisition of trail sensitivity.
altogether , our results reveal that senescent cell-secreted factors exert a trail-sensitizing effect on pretransformed cells by modulating the expression of myc and cflar.
notably , cms dose-dependent sensitization to trail was observed with trail-insensitive cancer cells and confirmed in co-culture experiments.
the prevalence of depressive symptoms , cognitive impairment , falls , and urinary incontinence were @percent@ , @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
overall , @percent@ ( 291 / 1598 ) of participants had at least one hospital admission during @number@
our results highlight the high prevalence ( @percent@ ) of one or more geriatric conditions and their independent association with excess hospital utilizations.
thus , it is of critical importance to develop programs aimed at preventing or improving these conditions to reduce hospital use in this population.
with aging , an impairment of the homeostatic systems occurs and an alteration of circadian system regulation has been demonstrated.
indeed , with advancing age there is a modification of immune cell circadian function especially in lymphocytes.
in addition , these mature men and women showed a significant impaired immune cell function , which is especially remarkable in the winter.
overproduction of oxidant compounds can induce an inflammatory response , since oxidants are inflammation effectors.
thus , oxidation and inflammation are interlinked processes and have many feedback loops.
however , the nature of their potential interactions , mainly in the brain and immune cells , and their key involvement in aging remain unclear.
finally , we also review the current data on cd200-cd200r interaction in ad , as well as , in the aging brain.
the crosstalk in the functional interplay of the neuroimmune system is essential to ensure homeostasis preservation and health.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) can be understood in the context of aging of this neuroimmune communication.
ad has an important genderdependent component and is benefitted by lifestyle strategies such as physical exercise , enriched environments and nutrition.
recently , the functional and redox state of peripheral immune cells has been proposed as a useful tool for measuring the progression of ad.
thymulin is a thymic hormone exclusively produced by the epithelial cells of the thymus.
conversely , a growing body of evidence , to be reviewed here , suggests that thymulin is a hypophysiotropic peptide.
method : this study used a prospective longitudinal design.
one hundred twenty-two older adults with single-domain or multiple-domain amnestic mci were recruited from memory clinics.
they completed tests to measure baseline episodic memory , working memory , executive functions , perception , and language.
this was used as the reference standard to measure diagnostic test accuracy value.
logistic regression derived a significant model with @percent@ overall predictive value.
the model included delayed text memory , free recall , naming , orientation match , object decision , and alpha span.
its sensitivity was @percent@ and its specificity was @percent@.
positive predictive value was @percent@ , and negative predictive value was particularly high at @percent@.
conclusions : identifying individuals with mci who will progress to dementia or more severe cognitive impairment is a challenge.
this study shows that cognitive measures provide valuable information regarding the predictive diagnosis of persons with mci.
predictive accuracy of a cognitive battery might be optimized by selecting both memory and nonmemory measures.
objectives : psychological effects of supporting someone with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are often overlooked.
we aimed to establish correlates of psychological distress in study partners of individuals with and without nonclinical mci.
study partners ( i.e. family members / friends ) were categorized as providing support with instrumental everyday activities or not.
psychological distress was measured by the kessler psychological distress scale.
multiple hierarchical regressions examined determinants of psychological distress within pearlin's stress process model.
results : psychological distress was generally low and not associated with mci or whether study partners provided support or not.
self-rated disability and aspects of health-related quality of life explained additional @percent@.
conclusion : objective impairment measures were not associated with distress in partners or supporters.
however , study partners ' appraisals of functional and behavioral symptoms were linked to increased distress even in this very mildly affected community cohort.
objective : sleep duration is known to significantly affect health in adults and children , but little is understood about long-term associations.
this prospective cohort study is the first to examine whether childhood sleep duration is associated with lifelong mortality risk.
method : data from childhood were refined and mortality data collected for @number@ participants from the terman life cycle study.
homogeneity of the cohort sample ( intelligent , mostly white ) limits generality but provides natural control of common confounds.
through @number@ @number@ participants had confirmed deaths.
sleep duration was calculated as the difference between each child's bed and wake times.
age-adjusted sleep ( deviation from that predicted by age ) was computed.
cox proportional hazards survival models evaluated childhood sleep duration as a predictor of mortality separately by sex , controlling for baseline age.
effect sizes were smaller and nonsignificant in females ( hr = @number@ cis [ @number@ @number@ ] ) .
divergent thinking shows the ability to search for new ideas , which is an important factor contributing to innovation and problem solving.
current divergent thinking tests allow researchers to study children's divergent thinking from the age of @number@ years on.
this article presents the first measure of divergent thinking that can be used with children as young as @number@ years.
the unusual box test is a nonverbal and nonimitative test in which children play individually with a novel toy and novel objects.
divergent thinking is scored as the number of different actions performed.
study @number@ indicates that the test can be used with 2-year-olds , as it shows high test-retest reliability , demonstrating that 2-year-olds can think divergently.
this test will allow researchers to gain insight into the early emergence of divergent thinking.
background : analyses of moderate drinking have focused overwhelmingly on average consumption , which masks diverse underlying drinking patterns.
this study examined the association between episodic heavy drinking and total mortality among moderate-drinking older adults.
the database at baseline also included a broad set of sociodemographic , behavioral , and health status covariates.
death across a 20-year follow-up period was confirmed primarily by death certificate.
conclusions : among older moderate drinkers , those who engage in episodic heavy drinking show significantly increased total mortality risk compared to regular moderate drinkers.
episodic heavy drinking-even when average consumption remains moderate-is a significant public health concern.
currently , there is no enforcement of physical standards within australian fire services post-recruitment , possibly leading to inappropriate fitness and body composition.
this study evaluated the impacts of ageing on physical standards of australian firefighters.
age-related body composition changes were also observed independent of body mass index.
objective : sentencing trends have created a demographic shift in prison populations.
greater numbers of inmates are aging and dying in prison , creating a demand for enhanced end-of-life ( eol ) care.
changing practice to meet escalating care demands in correction settings is complicated by economic constraints , attitudinal barriers , and organizational features.
design and sample : qualitative interviews were conducted with @number@ administrators from the central office of a state department of corrections.
measures : semi-structured discussion guide.
contextual evaluation permitted a much deeper understanding of the influences on changing practice in this hierarchical bureaucracy.
this type of preliminary evaluation is crucial to infusing new practice initiatives in complex organizations caring for stigmatized , at-risk populations.
the rising number of newly insured young adults brought on by health care reform will soon increase demands on primary care physicians.
physicians will face more young adult patients , which presents an opportunity for more prevention-oriented care.
personality effect sizes were on par with other well-established health risk factors such as socioeconomic status , smoking , and self-reported health.
we discuss the potential utility of personality measurement to function as an inexpensive and accessible tool for health care professionals to personalize preventive medicine.
background : the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis among elderly people remains controversial.
we seek to investigate the associations of metabolic syndrome and its components with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in older people living in rural china.
in 2010-2011 , data were collected through interviews , clinical examinations , and laboratory tests.
carotid intima media thickness ( cimt ) and carotid artery plaque were assessed using ultrasonography.
metabolic syndrome was defined by four sets of criteria.
data were analyzed with multiple general linear and logistic regression models.
results : carotid plaque was detected in @number@ ( @percent@ ) persons.
depending on the defining criteria , prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
obesity , high triglycerides , and dyslipidemia were not associated with carotid artery plaque or cimt.
metabolic syndrome was not associated with cimt.
conclusions : metabolic syndrome is associated with subclinical carotid plaque among chinese elderly people , driven primarily by elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia.
older adults with metabolic syndrome , especially those with high blood pressure and hyperglycemia , may benefit from evaluation for subclinical atherosclerosis.
in this case , we cannot know if any item is labeled fully and correctly.
when we train a classifier directly on incompletely labeled dataset , it performs ineffectively.
to overcome the problem , we added an extra step , training set modification , before training a classifier.
both of these approaches are based on similarity measurements between data vectors.
we performed the experiments on agingportfolio ( text dataset ) and then rechecked on the yeast ( nontext genetic data ) .
we tried svm and rf classifiers for the original datasets and then for the modified ones.
for each dataset , our experiments demonstrated that both classification algorithms performed considerably better when preceded by the training set modification step.
study objectives : during normal sleep several neuroplasticity changes occur , some of which are considered to be fundamental to strengthen memories.
we also investigated the effect of insomnia on intracortical motor excitability measures reflecting gabaergic and glutamatergic mechanisms.
setting : human brain physiology laboratory , johns hopkins medical institutions.
measurements and results : we found that patients with ci experienced increased udp changes relative to controls.
this effect was not due to differences in motor training.
in addition , patients with ci showed enhanced intracortical facilitation relative to controls , in the absence of changes in intracortical inhibitory measures.
these results could lead to development of novel treatments for chronic insomnia.
ongoing issues include the need for a better understanding of the in vivo complexity of pi3k regulation and cellular functions.
age-related hearing loss - presbycusis - is the number one neurodegenerative disorder and top communication deficit of our aged population.
the efficacy of the antioxidant systems , e.g. , glutathione and thioredoxin , is an important factor in pathophysiology of the aging nervous system.
forty mice were classified into four groups according to age and degree of hearing loss.
cochlear mrna samples were collected and cdna generated.
using affymetrix® genechip , the expressions of @number@ antioxidant-related gene probes were analyzed to estimate the differences in gene expression between the four subject groups.
the gpx6 , txnrd1 and hspb1 gene expression changes were validated using qpcr.
the gpx6 gene was upregulated while the txnrd1 gene was downregulated with age / hearing loss.
these results facilitate development of future interventions to predict , prevent or slow down the progression of presbycusis.
background : ventilator associated pneumonia ( vap ) is a serious infection among patients in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
results : @number@ patients were included in the study of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) were infected with a multidrug resistant pathogen.
increased age , dialysis and late onset ( ≥ @number@ days from admission ) vap were associated with increased incidence of resistance.
conclusions : mdrb-related vap is associated with prolonged icu stay and mechanical ventilation.
interestingly , age ≥ @number@ years is associated with mrsa vap.
context : telomeres are biomarkers of biological aging.
shorter telomeres have been associated with increased adiposity in adults.
however , this relationship remains unclear in children and adolescents.
objective : to evaluate the association between telomere length ( tl ) and adiposity markers in overweight / obese adolescents after an intensive program.
we hypothesize that greater tl at baseline would predict a better response to a weight loss treatment.
conclusion : our study shows that a weight loss intervention is accompanied by a significant increase in tl in overweight / obese adolescents.
moreover , we suggest that initial longer tl could be a potential predictor for a better weight loss response.
there is an emerging need to understand determinants of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) among individuals aging with hiv in sub-saharan africa.
we measured traditional cvd risk factors including age , biophysical profile , fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile as well as biomarkers of inflammation.
high resolution ultrasound was used to measure common carotid cimt.
conclusion : the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was @percent@ among hiv-infected adults in uganda.
traditional cvd risk factors were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.
we recommend routine assessment of traditional cvd risk factors within hiv care and treatment programs in sub-saharan africa.
whether chronic hiv infection causes similar effects is currently unclear.
older age was also associated with greater proportions of cd28-cd8 + t cells expressing cd57 ( rho : @number@ p = 0.007 ) .
aging-related weakness is due in part to degeneration within the central nervous system.
however , it is unknown how changes to the representation of corticospinal output in the primary motor cortex ( m1 ) relate to such weakness.
transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) is a noninvasive method of cortical stimulation that can map representation of corticospinal output devoted to a muscle.
using tms , we examined age-related alterations in maps devoted to biceps brachii muscle to determine whether they predicted its age-induced weakness.
forty-seven right-handed subjects participated : @number@ young ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and @number@ old ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
we measured strength as force of elbow flexion and electromyographic activation of biceps brachii during maximum voluntary contraction.
map size , volume , and response density showed no significant difference between groups.
overall , the anterior shift of the map in older adults may reflect an adaptive change that allowed for the maintenance of strength.
laterally located center of gravity and higher excitation in the region adjacent to the core in weaker individuals could reflect compensatory recruitment of synergistic muscles.
thus , our study substantiates the role of m1 in adapting to aging-related weakness and subtending strength and muscle activation across age groups.
mapping from m1 may offer foundation for an examination of mechanisms that preserve strength in elderly.
recent studies about brain network have suggested that normal aging is associated with alterations in coordinated patterns of the large-scale brain functional and structural systems.
however , age-related changes in functional networks constructed via positron emission tomography ( pet ) data are still barely understood.
@number@ younger and @number@ older healthy individuals were separately selected for two age groups , from a physical examination database.
additionally , the older networks were about equally as robust to random failures as younger counterpart , but more vulnerable against targeted attacks.
finally , methods in the construction of the pet networks revealed reasonable robustness.
our findings enhanced the understanding about the topological principles of pet networks and changes related to normal aging.
this study aimed to investigate the contributions of age and depression severity to sleep-wake disturbances.
actigraphy was recorded over five to @number@ days.
the 12-19 y.o. and 20-39 y.o. groups had a delayed sleep schedule and acrophase compared to all other groups.
age was a significant predictor of delayed sleep and activity schedules ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
conversely , disruptions in sleep consolidation seem more stable across age.
mirnas are potent intracellular posttranscriptional regulators and are also selectively secreted into the circulation in a cell-specific fashion.
global changes in mirna expression in skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise training have been reported.
global mirna ( @number@ mirnas ) measurements were performed as a screening to identify detectable mirnas in plasma.
using customized qpcr panels we quantified the expression levels of mirnas detected in the screening procedure ( @number@ mirnas ) .
lifespan is influenced by a large number of conserved proteins and gene-regulatory pathways.
our quantitative analysis of longevity factors and their genetic interactions provides insights into the gene-network interactions of aging cells.
autoimmune thyroid diseases ( aitd ) are common , affecting 2-5% of the general population.
this first gwas meta-analysis for tpoabs identified five newly associated loci , three of which were also associated with clinical thyroid disease.
with these markers we identified a large subgroup in the general population with a substantially increased risk of tpoabs.
whether this abnormality predicts mortality in treated hiv infection and can be reversed by early antiretroviral therapy ( art ) remains unknown.
we also assessed the relationship between this phenotype and mortality in a nested case-control study of art-suppressed chronically infected individuals.
mammary analogue secretory carcinoma ( masc ) is a recently described salivary gland neoplasm that is defined by etv6-ntrk3 gene fusion.
there have been few case reports on the cytopathologic features of masc to date.
we examined the clinicopathological and cytological features of seven cases of masc defined by rt-pcr analysis of the etv6-ntrk3 fusion gene.
the cases occurred in three men and four women aged between @number@ and @number@ years , with a mean of @number@ years.
in five of these seven cases , the tumor involved the parotid gland.
histologically , all cases displayed predominantly microcystic patterns , often a mixture of follicular and papillary-cystic structures.
all tumors were immunoreactive for mammaglobin , s-100 protein , and vimentin.
available fine-needle aspiration cytology smears were cellular and exhibited many loosely cohesive syncytial clusters or isolated cells.
many histiocytes , some of which contained hemosiderin pigments , and variously shaped mucinous material were evident in the background or within the epithelial clusters.
the majority of cases showed small to medium-sized follicular structures with secreted materials.
papillary clusters were occasionally found.
tumor cells exhibited small to medium-sized round to oval nuclei , with a smooth contour and indistinct or small nucleoli , and vacuolated cytoplasm.
no tumor cells had obvious intracytoplasmic zymogen granules.
older children are more successful at producing unfamiliar , non-native speech sounds than younger children during the initial stages of learning.
productions of non-native speech sounds were recorded and evaluated by native speakers.
the mouth regions in the bilateral primary sensorimotor areas were activated more significantly during the repetition task relative to the perceptual task.
additionally , the accuracy of non-native speech sound production increased with age.
these results provide the first evidence of developmental changes in the neural processes underlying the production of novel speech sounds.
this , in turn , would lead to improvement in the ability to immediately imitate non-native speech.
following the weight loss phase , both groups transitioned to self-selected diet and exercise behavior during a 5-month follow-up.
throughout the 10-months , the sri + diet + ex group utilized real-time accelerometer feedback for self-monitoring.
the average weight regain during follow-up was @number@ kg less in the sri + diet + ex group.
materials and methods : two hundred human molars were prepared and divided into @number@ groups ( n = 10 / group ) .
two resin cements were used for cementation of crowns : clearfil sa cement ( csa ) and variolink ii ( var ) .
tbs was analyzed using one-way anova with scheffé post hoc , unpaired student t , mann-whitney u , kruskal-wallis h , and chi-squared tests.
results : within csa , pretreatment with mh and vl showed higher initial tbs compared with am-treated groups.
all other groups showed no statistical differences.
pretreatment with mh ( p = @number@ ) and vp ( p = @number@ ) presented higher initial tbs for csa than for var.
after aging , mh ( p = @number@ ) and vl ( p = @number@ ) cemented with var showed higher results than csa.
conclusions : all tested groups showed very low tbs values.
pretreatments with mh , vl , and vp have minimally improved the tensile strength after aging.
evidence suggests that anthocyanins inhibit egfr and akt activity.
however , it is still unknown whether the inhibitory effect of anthocyanins on akt is associated with the anti-egfr effect.
the effect of anthocyanins on epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) has not been extensively studied.
therefore , we investigated the effects of anthocyanins from fruits of vitis coignetiae pulliat ( aims ) on egf-induced emt and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
aims suppressed the invasion of a549 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
aims inhibited the phosphorylation of akt and egfr , but the inhibitory effect on akt was not derived from egfr.
egf re-induced akt phosphorylation at thr308 in the aim-treated cells , but not akt phosphorylation at ser473.
aims also inhibited emt of cancer cells.
aims inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin expression that are invovled in emt.
we confirmed these findings with transforming growth factor ( tgf ) -β.
this study provides evidence that aims may have anticancer effects on human cancer cells.
it remains unclear whether biofeedback procedures , electrostimulation therapy , or magnetic stimulation therapy can enhance pelvic floor training.
antimuscarinic agents in combination with bladder training have been proven as safe and effective treatment in men with oab.
data , however , suggest that men with oab are far less frequently treated than women.
it is still an open question whether increasing life expectancy as such causes higher health care expenditures ( hce ) in a population.
as a consequence , rising longevity-through falling mortality rates-may even reduce hce.
however , a weakness of many previous empirical studies is that they use cross-sectional evidence to make inferences on a development over time.
however , there is a lack of information regarding the effect of increasing age on the level and function of alf components in the lung.
here we addressed this gap in knowledge by determining the levels of alf components in the aging lung that are important in controlling infection.
further , we show that the aging lung is a relatively oxidized environment.
several signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle apoptosis are currently under intense investigation , particularly the caspase-independent pathway.
this study investigated the age-related apoptotic changes occurring in the gracilis muscle in humans between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
for this purpose , muscle samples were divided into @number@ groups ( n = 8 ) .
tunel assay revealed a significant increase in gracilis muscle apoptosis with aging.
taken together , our results demonstrated that the relative bcl-2 expression decreased with aging , while bax expression was upregulated compared to 10-year-olds.
in addition , a double-labeling experiment with tunel staining and immunofluorescence revealed the co-localization of nuclear aif-positive and tunel-labeled cells.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries.
j haplogroup has been associated with high risk for amd while the h haplogroup is protective.
j cybrids have altered bioenergetic profiles compared with h cybrids.
q-pcr analyses show significantly lower expression levels for seven respiratory complex genes encoded by mtdna.
j and h cybrids have significantly altered expression of eight nuclear genes of the alternative complement , inflammation and apoptosis pathways.
sequencing data suggest that observed effects are not due to rare mtdna variants but rather the combination of snps representing the j versus h haplogroups.
these findings represent a paradigm shift in our concepts of mt-nuclear interactions.
elevated depressive symptoms ( ds ) are associated with incident mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in postmenopausal women.
the ds and multidomain cognitive outcomes were measured annually for an average follow-up of @number@ years.
women with elevated ds showed baseline multidomain cognitive deficits but longitudinal declines in global cognition only.
persistent ds was related to greater global cognition , verbal knowledge and fluency , and memory declines.
significant ds-cvd interactions were observed cross-sectionally ( but not longitudinally ) for figural memory and fine motor speed.
future studies should investigate the role of nonvascular mechanisms linking ds and cognitive decline.
after adjustment for other prognostic factors and treatment , comorbidity maintained its independent prognostic value in a multivariate cox regression analysis.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia was the major cause of death in patients with two or more comorbidities.
the registration numbers of the trials reported are nct00276848 and nct00262795.
method : the face and content validity test was based on focus group discussions and individual interviews with @number@ informants.
another @number@ men and women participated in an 8-day test-retest analysis.
results : informants generally expressed that the questions and response categories were relevant and easy to understand.
themes on structure of social relations , social support , and negative aspects of social relations emerged clearly from the interviews.
two additional themes not covered by csrq on dynamics and reciprocity of social relations were identified.
method : systematic coding procedures of the dosc measurement were applied to @number@ participants from the copenhagen aging and midlife biobank ( camb ) survey.
adjusting for school education attenuated the association only to a minor degree.
results : we found gender differences and social class gradients for all physical performance tests.
results : we found a social gradient in al in late midlife among men and women living in denmark.
discussion : al may be a potential biomarker for early aging in countries with a strong social welfare system.
it is important for intervention studies to be aware of this type of biological vulnerability already present in late midlife.
objectives : to investigate tobacco and alcohol consumption as risk indicators for missing teeth in late middle-aged danes.
method : in all , @number@ copenhagen aging and midlife biobank ( camb ) participants received a clinical oral examination that included number of teeth.
information on smoking , drinking , and various covariates was obtained using self-administered , structured questionnaires.
relative to nondrinkers , alcohol consumption was associated with reduced odds of missing 6 + teeth.
discussion : our findings suggest that smoking is positively associated , while alcoholic beverage consumption is inversely related to tooth loss in middle-aged danes.
method : the sample comprised @number@ camb participants from three cohorts with scores on the intelligenz-struktur-test @number@ r ( i-s-t @number@ r ) .
results : independent associations of cognitive ability with age , sex , education , and occupational social class were observed.
particularly , strong associations with cognitive ability were obtained for school education , and consistent sex differences were observed with higher cognitive ability in men.
differences in cognitive ability among the three cohorts were small and primarily reflected demographic differences.
in analyses of cognitive ability , the three camb cohorts can be combined provided the relevant demographic variables are included as covariates.
results : associations were demonstrated between the five neo-ffi personality traits , and all included demographic factors.
cognitive ability and years of education correlated with several neo-ffi personality traits in analyses adjusting for demographic variables.
cohort differences were observed for extraversion and openness.
discussion : robust sex , educational , and social class differences in personality may contribute to late midlife social gradients in health and early aging.
demographic factors did not fully explain correlations between personality and cognitive ability or cohort differences in personality.
objectives : racial disparities in late-life cognition persist even after accounting for educational attainment.
we examined whether early-life educational quality and literacy in later life help explain these disparities.
method : we used longitudinal data from the washington heights-inwood columbia aging project ( whicap ) .
educational quality ( percent white students ; urban / rural school ; combined grades in classroom ) was operationalized using canonical correlation analysis.
late-life literacy ( reading comprehension and ability , writing ) was operationalized using confirmatory factor analysis.
we examined whether these factors attenuated race-related differences in late-life cognition.
discussion : early-life educational quality and literacy in late life explain a substantial portion of race-related disparities in late-life cognitive function.
further research is needed to identify the determinants of age group differences.
testicular nuclear receptor @number@ ( tr4 ) , a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily , plays important roles in metabolism , fertility and aging.
the linkage of tr4 functions in cancer progression , however , remains unclear.
using three different mouse models , we found tr4 could prevent or delay prostate cancer ( pca ) / prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia development.
immunohistochemical staining in human pca tissue microarrays revealed atm expression is highly correlated with tr4 expression.
background : cardiovascular disease and dementia are growing medical and social problems in aging societies.
appropriate knowledge of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline risk factors ( rfs ) are critical for global cvr health preventive intervention.
portugal displays an elevated stroke mortality rate.
strict definition of phenotypes was planned : subjects were observed twice , and several hemodynamic and other biological variables measured at least @number@ months apart.
one thousand forty-seven cognitive evaluations were performed.
the age-adjusted annual incidence of clinically relevant go is @number@ per @number@ population in women and @number@ in men.
at the onset of ophthalmopathy , 80-90% of patients have hyperthyroidism , with the rest having euthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
the natural history of go consists of two phases : an active inflammatory phase and a static phase.
anti-inflammatory therapy is indicated for the first phase of go.
approximately @percent@ of patients experience late reactivation of go.
asians appear to have less severe manifestations , with milder orbital edema , proptosis and muscle restriction.
genetic , anatomic and environmental factors influence the development of go.
executive dysfunction is frequently associated with episodic memory decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) patients.
resting state executive control network ( rs-ecn ) represents a novel approach to interrogate the integrity of brain areas underlying executive dysfunction.
individual rs-ecn maps were estimated using a seed-based cross-correlation method.
in contrast , amci showed increased connectivity in ventral lateral and anterior prefrontal cortex , bilaterally.
data were extracted in a standardized manner and assessed through the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology ( strobe ) initiative.
seven studies met the selection criteria.
each met at least @percent@ of the strobe criteria.
the reporting of dementia on death certificates was poor in these @number@ studies , ranging from @number@.2%-41.8%.
the use of death certificates for studying dementia grossly underestimates the occurrence of dementia in the population.
we assessed the acr reference values and the factors that affect them in a population of healthy chinese children.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy children ( @number@ males , @number@ females ) aged 6-19 y were enrolled.
the 95th percentile of acr was used as the normal upper limit.
results : the normal upper limit of acr was @number@ mg / g for male children and @number@ mg / g for female children.
the acr value for girls was significantly higher than that for boys ( p < 0.001 ) .
age , sbp , bmi , and smoking in children influence acr.
however , over the last years several studies demonstrated that tert belongs to the group of dual-targeted proteins.
the canonical function of tert is to prevent telomere erosion and thereby the development of replicative senescence and genetic instability.
mitochondrial tert is able to reduce reactive oxygen species , mitochondrial dna damage and apoptosis.
however , the organelle-specific functions are not completely understood.
strikingly , the regulation by phosphorylation of tert seems to reveal multiple parallels.
this review will summarize the current knowledge about the cellular functions and post-translational regulation of the dual-targeted protein tert.
introduction : photodynamic therapy was introduced as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement during endodontic treatment to overcome the persistence of biofilms.
materials and methods : thirty extracted teeth were prepared and then divided in three groups.
all samples were infected with an artificially formed biofilm made of enterococcus faecalis , streptococcus salivarius , porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia bacteria.
the working time for all three groups was fixed at @number@ min.
presence or absence of biofilm was assessed by aerobic and anaerobic cultures.
in cultures of both groups there was a maximal bacterial growth.
while our genomes are essentially static , our microbiomes are inherently dynamic.
recent technological advances are enabling unprecedentedly detailed studies of the dynamics of the microbiota in animal models and human populations.
however , much of the research has focused on the general older population , with no research to date focusing on minority populations.
the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the correlates of loneliness among a community-dwelling older mexican american population.
this study used a three-item loneliness scale to determine the prevalence of loneliness.
pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses were used to determine the cross-sectional association between sociodemographic , interpersonal relationship and health variables with the scale.
a total of @number@ mexican americans completed the loneliness scale.
the age range was from @number@ to @number@ with a majority ( @percent@ ) female.
the mean score on the scale was @number@ ( range 3-9 ) , indicating relatively low levels of loneliness.
regression results indicate that depressive symptoms , cognitive status , and living alone were significantly associated with higher loneliness scores.
being married and having a confidante were significantly associated with lower loneliness.
age , number of close relatives and frequency of contact were not associated with loneliness.
findings suggest that among community-dwelling mexican american older adults , loneliness has multiple determinants.
loneliness is a significant public health topic and clinicians should be aware of the various factors that can affect loneliness.
study characteristics and results were extracted and dose-response relationships were graphically displayed in a standardised manner.
meta-analyses using random effects models were performed to estimate pooled hazard ratios.
for breast cancer patients , the corresponding pooled estimates were @number@ ( @number@.49-0.78 ) and @number@ ( @number@.38-0.84 ) , respectively.
no significant evidence of heterogeneity between studies was observed.
the vertebrate lens evolved to collect light and focus it onto the retina.
in development , the lens grows through massive elongation of epithelial cells possibly recapitulating the evolutionary origins of the lens.
the refractive index of the lens is largely dependent on high concentrations of soluble proteins called crystallins.
all vertebrate lenses share a common set of crystallins from two superfamilies ( although other lineage specific crystallins exist ) .
the α-crystallins are small heat shock proteins while the β- and γ-crystallins belong to a superfamily that contains structural proteins of uncertain function.
the current fmri study investigates the neural foundations of evaluating oneself and others during early adolescence and young adulthood.
however , unique to this study was a significant three-way interaction between age group , evaluative perspective , and domain within bilateral ventral striatum.
region of interest analyses demonstrated a significant evaluative perspective by domain interaction within the adolescent sample only.
adolescents recruited greatest bilateral ventral striatum during reflected social self-evaluations , which was positively correlated with age and pubertal development.
the aim of our study was to evaluate whether genetic variations in aqp-4 gene are associated with the development of la.
methods : dna was amplified and the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in aqp-4 gene were investigated by melting curve analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
however , no significant difference was observed between la group and control group in rs9951307.
the c-a haplotype was significantly different between la group and the control group ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : our results indicate that aqp-4 genetic variations and haplotypes might contribute to the risk factors for la.
patients with cardiovascular disease have more brain atrophy and a higher morbidity and mortality.
automated brain segmentation was used to quantify intracranial volume , and volumes of total brain , sulcal cerebrospinal fluid , and ventricles.
these results suggest that brain volumes are an important determinant of poor outcome in patients with high cardiovascular risk.
adults with down syndrome ( ds ) are at high risk for developing alzheimer's disease after the age of @number@ years.
wm integrity differences in ds compared with ctl were found predominantly in the frontal lobes.
our results demonstrate significantly lower wm integrity in ds compared with controls , particularly in the frontal tracts.
ds-related wm integrity reductions in a number of tracts were associated with poorer cognition.
these preliminary results suggest that late myelinating frontal pathways may be vulnerable to aging in ds.
sequencing analysis identified @number@ variants within bin1.
haplotype analysis confirmed that the \ "ga \ " haplotype derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in rs67327804 and rs1060743 showed a @number@.4-fold increased risk of load.
our findings provided the first independent evidence that variants in bin1 were significantly associated with load in han chinese individuals.
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) e4 allele is strongly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairments in older adulthood.
performance by e4 + was equivalent or better than e4- on all @number@ tasks , although performance benefits were less pronounced than in youth.
neurally , e4 + showed less task-related recruitment of extrastriate and parietal areas.
this became more evident when neural activation data were compared with that of young adults acquired in a parallel study.
as expected , mid-age participants showed more diffuse neural activation.
notable was the fact that e4 + showed a relative inability to recruit parietal regions as they aged.
this was coupled with a tendency to show greater recruitment of frontal regions , and underactivation of extrastriate visual regions.
cerebral hemispheres were obtained from @number@ deceased older adults.
using fast spin-echo imaging with multiple echo times , t ( @number@ ) maps were produced and warped to a study-specific template.
hemispheres underwent neuropathologic examination for identification of ad pathology and other common age-related neuropathologies.
gross infarcts were associated with t ( @number@ ) prolongation in white matter of all lobes , and in the thalamus and basal ganglia.
hippocampal sclerosis was associated with t ( @number@ ) prolongation in the hippocampus and white matter of the temporal lobe.
the lv csf diffusivity may offer a useful quality assurance measure and become a potential noninvasive marker of deep brain temperature.
we compared lv volume obtained using dti with that obtained using validated segmentations of the lv on t1-weighted data.
dti and t1-weighted data were acquired at 3t on @number@ healthy males and @number@ age-matched females aged 18-59 years.
we showed histogram distributions of lv dti metrics to establish quality assurance measures.
we also analyzed the age and gender effects of lv volume and diffusivity.
lv volumes estimated using both t1-weighted and dti correlated strongly in males and females ( icc = 0.99 ; median dice index ~80% ) .
lv csf mean diffusivity was greater in males than females ( ( ~1.2% ; p = 0.03 ) .
mean diffusivity of lateral ventricular csf decreased significantly with age in healthy adults ( r = -0.30 ; p = 0.02 ) .
our results highlight the importance of age and gender-based analyses and the potential of lv diffusivity measures as a quantitative marker.
we examined the impact of age on sexual and urinary function and bother during the first @number@ years after radical prostatectomy.
materials and methods : participants enrolled in capsure™ reported sexual and urinary scores before and after radical prostatectomy using ucla-pci.
logistic regression models were used to assess associations between age and clinically meaningful health related quality of life decreases ( worsening ) .
models were adjusted for clinical characteristics.
on multivariate analysis age was associated with changes in sexual function and bother from baseline through @number@ years ( each p < 0.01 ) .
urinary function and bother decrease rates were similar by age.
while the @number@ groups experienced similar relative sexual function decreases at @number@ years , younger men had worse interim decreases at @number@ year.
providers should consider these findings when discussing treatment timing , particularly with younger men diagnosed with early stage , low grade disease.
it is apparent that with the aging population , more elderly patients are being referred for surgery.
selecting appropriate candidates for surgical resection is therefore crucial to maximize the benefit derived from surgery.
nevertheless , it is not clear whether advanced age itself increases surgical risk or additional age-independent variables are associated with higher operative morbidity.
regardless of the indications for surgery and the extent of planned liver resections , this population is more likely to suffer from relevant disorders.
previous studies on the safety of major liver resections in the elderly patients cite morbidity and mortality rates of approximately 30-40% and 4-5% respectively.
in addition , hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma or colorectal liver metastases have been reported as safe in the elderly as in the younger population.
nevertheless , a small number of investigations studied the outcome of major hepatectomy in the population over @number@ years of age.
case reports from johan czermak , marc ruffer , and others a century or more ago demonstrated ancient egyptians had atherosclerosis three millennia ago.
these findings challenge the assumption that atherosclerosis is a modern disease caused by present day risk factors.
modern day patients with chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , and human immunodeficiency virus experience premature atherosclerosis.
could the burden of chronic inflammatory disease have been a risk factor for atherosclerosis in these ancient cultures ?
the prevalence of atherosclerosis in four diverse ancient cultures is consistent with atherosclerosis being fundamental to aging.
objective : objective biomarkers for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) could improve diagnostics or treatment monitoring of this psychiatric disorder.
the resting electroencephalogram ( eeg ) provides non-invasive spectral markers of brain function and development.
their accuracy as adhd markers is increasingly questioned but may improve with pattern classification.
results : adhd effects on eeg strongly depend on age and frequency.
we observed typical non-linear developmental decreases in delta and theta power for both adhd and control groups.
adhd children were not classified convincingly with these markers.
conclusions : resting state electrophysiology is altered in adhd , and these electrophysiological impairments persist into adulthood.
significance : spectral biomarkers may have both diagnostic and prognostic value.
these diseases share in common target-organ insulin resistance with a constellation of molecular and biochemical abnormalities that lead to organ / tissue degeneration over time.
this article discusses the fundamental links among these diseases and how peripheral organ insulin resistance diseases contribute to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.
in this study , dps were isolated from human hair follicles and serially subcultured.
from each subculture at passages @number@ @number@ and @number@ ( n = 4 ) , we compared gene expression profiles using mrna sequencing.
objective : to elucidate the effect of plgf on hair growth.
methods : we evaluated the effect of plgf on hdpcs and on ex vivo hair organ culture.
we investigated the effect of plgf on an in vivo model of depilation-induced hair regeneration.
results : we confirmed that the mrna and protein expression levels of plgf significantly decreased following subculture of the cells.
it was shown that plgf enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ culture.
furthermore , plgf significantly accelerated hair follicle growth and markedly prolonged anagen hair growth in an in vivo model of depilation-induced hair regeneration.
considerations are made on how successes were brought about , what can be learned as well as what issues should be addressed in the future.
geriatric oncology is a rapidly expanding domain because of the deep epidemiological changes of the last decades related to the ageing of the population.
lung cancer treatment in patients @number@ years and over is a major issue of thoracic oncology.
curative surgery remains the treatment offering the best survival rates to the patient whatever his age.
the important variability observed within the elderly forces us to take into account their specificities , in particular for ageing physiology and associated comorbidities.
twenty-two older adults aged 60-70 ( ply n = 9 , pne n = 11 ) participated in the study.
measurements were conducted at pre , @number@ @number@ and 12weeks.
dynamic balance was assessed as anterior-posterior center of pressure ( cop ) displacement in response to sudden perturbations.
explosive isometric knee extension and plantar flexion maximal voluntary contractions ( mvcs ) were performed.
maximal drop jump performance from optimal dropping height was measured in a sledge ergometer.
objective : cognitive impairment in heart failure ( hf ) is believed to result from brain hypoperfusion subsequent to cardiac dysfunction.
physical inactivity is prevalent in hf and correlated with reduced cardiac and cognitive function.
yet , no longitudinal studies have examined the neurocognitive effects of physical inactivity in hf.
the current study examined whether reduced physical activity increases risk for cognitive impairment and brain hypoperfusion over time in hf.
decreased baseline cerebral perfusion also emerged as a strong predictor of poorer 12-month attention / executive function.
conclusions : lower physical activity predicted worse cognition and cerebral perfusion @number@ months later in hf.
physical inactivity in hf may contribute to cognitive impairment and exacerbate risk for conditions such as alzheimer's disease.
the selection of actions , and the vigor with which they are executed , are influenced by the affective valence of predicted outcomes.
these studies find that the interaction between the two is subject to the critical influence of dopamine.
they also challenge existing views that neural representations in the striatum focus on valence , showing instead a dominance of the anticipation of action.
methods : hierarchical linear models were used to analyze the cross-sectional data from the nationally representative population-based medical expenditure panel survey.
qol was measured using the mental and physical component scores of the sf-12 ( sf-36.org ) .
health status included comorbidities , activities of daily living ( adl ) , instrumental adl , and depressed mood.
conclusion : qol of older men is affected by physical , functional , and psychological factors rather than prostate cancer history.
clinicians need to attend to aging-related health issues when providing care for prostate cancer survivors to improve qol.
for example , with age , all nhps analyzed to date , develop β-amyloid ( aβ ) plaques as seen in humans.
nevertheless , it is still unclear if nhps have human-like age-associated changes in aβ and tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid.
the present study was an attempt to specifically address these issues.
the result from the present study revealed significant age-associated declines in aβ42 levels but not in aβ40 and phosphorylated tau levels.
objective.
our objective was to identify predictors for treatment outcomes after home-based constraint-induced therapy ( cit ) in children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) .
method.
results.
a higher pdms-2 visual-motor integration subscale score predicted a better weefim score after home-based cit ( adjusted r² = @number@ ) .
conclusion.
the potential predictors may allow occupational therapy practitioners to target those children who will benefit most after home-based constraint-induced therapy.
this is the first study on a primate model of human hd based on longitudinal clinical measurements.
the results demonstrate a progressive cognitive decline and morphometric changes in the striatum and hippocampus in a transgenic hd monkey.
conclusions : this is the first study on a primate model of human hd based on longitudinal clinical measurements.
senescent cells observed in the area of chronic wounds have been proposed to affect wound healing.
no effect on the proliferation of senescent fibroblasts was observed , as expected.
all cms were found to inhibit overall collagen synthesis both in early passage and in senescent fibroblasts.
the lcc-derived cm was found to be more potent than fibroblast-derived cms and , furthermore , to inhibit alpha-smooth muscle actin expression.
these activities seem to persist during senescence of the target cells.
until now , its molecular pathogenesis has remained unknown.
to confirm the results of the expression profiles , in vitro analysis was performed.
expression profiling analysis showed that high activation of the jak-stat and nf-κb pathways was induced by ebv infection into dlbcl cell lines.
activation of the nf-κb pathway was confirmed in ebv-infected cell lines using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
targeting these pathways as therapies might improve clinical outcomes of ebv ( + ) dlbcl-e.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a common vision-threatening condition affecting the elderly.
amd shares common risk factors and processes , including vascular and inflammatory pathways , with many systemic disorders.
associations have been reported between amd and hypertension , cardiovascular disease , cerebrovascular disease , dyslipidaemia , chronic kidney disease and neurodegenerative disorders.
an increasing amount of evidence suggests that individuals with amd are also at risk of systemic diseases such as stroke.
recent genetic discoveries and understanding of the pathogenic pathways in amd in relation to systemic disorders are also highlighted.
the dependent variable quantified facility-level multiracial diversity.
results suggest there is room for policy changes to achieve equitable access to all levels of nursing home services for minority elders.
findings reveal that accumulated childhood misfortune and child maltreatment increased ami risk , net of several adult covariates , including family history of ami.
smoking fully mediated the effects of both accumulated childhood misfortune and child maltreatment.
these findings reveal the importance of the early origins of ami and health behaviors as mediating factors.
math relies on mastery and integration of a wide range of simpler numerical processes and concepts.
recent work has identified several numerical competencies that predict variation in math ability.
in grades 1-2 , children's ability to judge the relative magnitude of numerical symbols was most predictive of early arithmetic skills.
the unique contribution of children's ability to assess ordinality in numerical symbols steadily increased across grades , overtaking all other predictors by grade @number@
this paper presents a discussion of knowledge and awareness regarding prevention of functional decline in older hospitalized patients.
functional decline is experienced by 30-60% of the older hospitalized patients , resulting in decreased independence and other adverse health outcomes.
an evidence-based best practice was developed to improve the quality of care for older patients.
this paper shows the relevance and the complexity of this problem and shows that patients at risk can be recognized by four simple questions.
nurses should assess the geriatric needs in patients at risk and based on these initiate and coordinate multi-professional interventions.
given the growing number of older people in western society and the growing need for care , action to prevent functional decline cannot be withheld.
knowledge of the ageing process , implementation of an evidence-based programme and a multidisciplinary approach is a basic ingredient to prevent functional decline.
recent reports on cocoa are appealing in that a food commonly consumed for pure pleasure might also bring tangible benefits for human health.
cocoa is rich in procyanidins , theobromine , ( - ) -epicatechin , catechins , and caffeine.
this review summarizes comprehensive recent findings on the beneficial actions of cocoa-driven phytochemicals in molecular mechanisms of human health.
recent years have seen an increasing number of studies concerned with examining personality characteristics as possible predictors of some of this variability in cognitive aging.
possible mechanisms underlying associations of personality characteristics with cognition are reviewed , and assessed in the context of the current literature.
however , the relationships between several personality traits and cognitive abilities in older adults remain unclear.
we suggest some approaches to research design and analysis that may help increase our understanding of how personality differences may contribute to cognitive aging.
adipose tissue historically was believed to be an inert tissue , functioning primarily in the storage of energy and thermal homeostasis.
however , recent discoveries point toward a critical role for adipocytes in endocrine function as well as immune regulation.
excess body fat , accumulated through aging and / or a calorie-rich diet , is associated with many chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
within the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue , macrophages and t cells accumulate with increasing tissue mass , secreting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines.
in this review we discuss the current understanding of immune cell function in both diet-induced and age-related obesity.
other distinct adipose tissue macrophage subtypes have been identified by surface marker expression and their functions characterized.
adipose tissue t cell recruitment to adipose tissue is also different between aging- and diet-induced obesity.
however , numbers of regulatory t cells are dramatically different between the @number@ models of obesity.
reactive gliosis and glial scar formation have been evidenced in the animal model of ischemic stroke , but not in human ischemic brain.
double immunolabeling showed that gfap-positive reactive astrocytes in the peri-infarct region expressed cspg , but showed no overlap with ed1-positive activated microglia.
results : persons who experienced adverse childhood events showed a faster 10-year decline in processing speed but only when depressive symptoms were experienced.
persons with more recent negative life events showed slower processing speed at baseline but no faster decline.
conclusions : childhood adversity may cause biological or psychological vulnerability , which is associated with both depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in later life.
the accumulation of recent negative life events did not affect cognitive functioning over a longer time period.
the subjective weathering model contends that subjective aging is a key component of the stress process.
this study reevaluates and extends this model by considering how adaptive capacities influence subjective aging and depressive symptoms in late adolescence and young adulthood.
those with high levels of psychosocial maturity , regardless of subjective age , were least likely to exhibit depressive symptoms.
in some populations , elevated plasma levels of tpa have been associated with myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify novel correlates of circulating levels of tpa.
approach and results : fourteen cohort studies with tpa measures ( n = 26 @number@ ) contributed to the meta-analysis.
three loci were significantly associated with circulating tpa levels ( p < 5.0×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
the second locus is on 8p11.21.
we further found evidence for the association of lead snps in stxbp5 and stx2 with expression levels of the respective transcripts.
in in vitro cell studies , silencing stxbp5 decreased the release of tpa from vascular endothelial cells , whereas silencing stx2 increased the tpa release.
through an in silico lookup , we found no associations of the @number@ lead snps with coronary artery disease or stroke.
conclusions : we identified @number@ loci associated with circulating tpa levels , the plat region , stxbp5 , and stx2.
our functional studies implicate a novel role for stxbp5 and stx2 in regulating tpa release.
method : data include @number@ qualitative interviews with frail , older people living in each setting , collected as part of a larger welsh study.
this review is confined to summarizing some of the salient findings of this remarkable compound as they relate mainly to cancer.
this means periodicity can be estimated nondestructively but is reliant on all perikymata being visible along the crown surface.
therefore , crowns with worn or damaged surfaces may not be able to be assessed , potentially limiting sample sizes.
using mandibular canines ( n = @number@ ) , the distribution of perikymata per decile was recorded using high definition replica surfaces.
thin sections of the same crowns were used to assess periodicity histologically along with striae of retzius distributions.
a strong correlation between total striae numbers and periodicity was also identified in our sample.
objectives : this study investigated toothbrush abrasion and in vitro aging on ceramic ( indirect technique ) and composite veneers ( direct technique ) .
surface roughness was determined before and after tooth brushing.
a 5-year period of oral service was simulated by thermal cycling and mechanical loading ( tcml ) .
after tcml , all specimens were examined with microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
specimens without failures during tcml were loaded until failure.
statistics : analysis of variance ; bonferroni's post hoc analysis , kaplan-meier-log rank test ( α = @number@ ) .
no significant differences in roughness could be determined between the materials , neither before nor after testing ( p < @number@ ) .
after tcml of artificial teeth , direct and preformed composite veneers on composite teeth showed no failures or damages.
two ceramic veneers showed cracking in the labial area.
two direct composite veneers lost retention.
no significantly different survival rates were found between the three veneer groups.
conclusion : all materials revealed comparable wear resistance.
indirect ceramic , direct restorative composite , and preformed composite veneers showed comparable failure rates and satisfying longevity.
clinical relevance : the results indicate similar longevity of the chosen materials for veneer restorations.
we study the effect of secondary education on cognitive performance toward the end of working age.
we exploit the exogenous variation in years of schooling arising from compulsory schooling reforms implemented in six european countries during the 1950s and 1960s.
furthermore , we study education effects on cognitive decline.
we find a positive impact of schooling on memory scores.
one year of education increases the memory score approximately four decades later by about @number@ which amounts to @number@ % of a standard deviation.
furthermore , we find some evidence for a protective effect of schooling on cognitive decline in terms of verbal fluency.
cognitive abilities decline with age , but with considerable individual variation.
the neurobiological correlate of this variation is not well described.
using each individual as his own control , we defined a group with a large degree of cognitive decline , and a control group.
hence , tid reduction might be suggested as an early marker for subtle cognitive decline in aging.
this was investigated in this study.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years after hf onset , @percent@ participants died.
there were @number@ all-cause ( @number@.3 / 1000 person-years ) and @number@ hf-related ( @number@.4 / 1000 person-years ) hospitalizations after hf development.
hf with preserved ef was more common in participants without vascular disease ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : a significant proportion of hf in older adults develops without prior vascular disease.
outcomes for these patients are poor compared with those with preceding vascular disease.
these data suggest the need for more targeted hf prediction and prevention efforts.
purpose : the relationship between spine and shoulder motion has not been well evaluated.
shoulder rom with an angle meter and shoulder pain were evaluated.
thoracic kyphosis angle , lumbar lordosis angle , thoracic rom , lumbar rom and spinal inclination angle were measured using spinalmouse ( ® ) .
results : limited shoulder flexion was found in @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) and limited abduction in @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) .
increased thoracic kyphosis angle and weak back muscle strength were also determined as risk factors for limited shoulder abduction ( p < @number@ ) .
these results suggest that maintenance of spinal alignment and back muscle strength may be important for better shoulder rom.
background : latinas with breast cancer suffer symptom and psychosocial health disparities.
effective interventions have not been developed for or tested in this population.
in phase @number@ we identified three program inputs : formative research , a community best-practices model , and an evidence-based intervention tested in non-latinas.
in phase @number@ we implemented and monitored the program and trial.
having culturally and linguistically competent research staff with excellent interpersonal skills facilitated implementation.
facilitating and maintaining excellent communication among community partners was imperative to troubleshoot implementation issues.
randomization was challenging due to community concerns about assigning women to a control group.
patient privacy regulations and the need for extensive outreach to establish relationships between community partners and clinical sites hampered initial recruitment.
limitations : these were resource-intensive processes to develop and implement the program that need to be compared to less-intensive alternatives.
conclusion : engaging community members in design and implementation of community-based programs and trials enhances cultural appropriateness and congruence with the community context.
telomere shortening and telomerase deficiency have been linked with several age related degenerative diseases.
moreover , degenerative changes in various tissues / organs have been attributed to derangement of stem cell functions causing regenerative tragedy.
bone marrow stromal cells ( bmscs ) are considered the ideal candidates for regenerative approaches owing to their beneficial effects in numerous clinical applications.
additionally , impact of telomerase deficiency in enacting skeletal aging phenotype and its associated microenvironment is also discussed.
identification of individuals at high fracture risk to provide early treatment in developing countries with limited resources remains a challenge.
to define a population at high fracture risk , we selected patients in the orthopedic emergency cohort from shanghai sixth people's hospital , china.
to calculate the frax® the day before the actual of , the actual fracture was not considered as a previous fracture.
subjects with a frax® value lower than the nof thresholds were not considered at high risk.
one-hundred ninety-eight patients were included with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years old , and @number@ % were female.
more than half of the population was not identified to be at high risk by the frax® bmi ( body mass index ) .
prospective population-based studies are needed to validate the prediction of chinese frax® model and to establish ideal thresholds.
cognition was assessed over a 20-year period using the mini-mental state examination.
three cognitive lifestyle variables were assessed : education , mid-life occupation , and late-life social engagement.
the analysis identified four latent sub-populations with class-specific longitudinal cognitive decline and mortality risk.
irrespective of the cognitive trajectory , increased social engagement was associated with a decreased mortality risk.
high education was associated with the most favourable cognitive trajectory , and after adjusting for cognitive decline , with an increased mortality risk.
mid-life occupational complexity was also associated with more favourable trajectories but not with mortality risk.
to realistically examine the link between cognitive lifestyle and cognitive decline , complex statistical models are required.
furthermore , a potentially modifiable variable , late-life social engagement is associated with a decreased mortality risk in all of the population sub-groups.
the aim of this study was to investigate the neuronal network characteristics in physiological and pathological brain aging.
eeg cortical sources from spectral analysis showed significant differences in delta , theta , and alpha @number@ bands.
background : metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart diseases and stroke.
results on the association of mets with dementia and cognitive decline have been inconsistent.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the association between mets and longitudinal changes in cognitive function.
methods : medline , embase , and scopus databases were searched from inception to @date@ .
results : random-effects models were used to assess the pooled effect sizes of longitudinal changes in cognitive function associated with mets.
thirteen studies were included.
the total sample size was @number@ subjects.
follow up duration ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
the meta-regression showed that duration of follow up was not associated with changes in cognitive estimates ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : age appears to modify the association between mets and cognitive decline.
these results emphasize the importance of age-stratified risk prediction models of dementia in subjects with chronic metabolic disorders.
early-onset cognitive impairment diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlapping symptoms between the different degenerative and non-degenerative conditions.
we assessed the impact of adding the csf data to the subject categorization according to the nia-aa criteria.
all the @number@ mci patients who progressed to ad dementia and only @date@ stable mci presented pathological csf at baseline.
only @percent@ of the ftd clinical diagnosis had pathological csf levels.
abnormal csf-ad biomarker levels predict subsequent progression to ad dementia in subjects with early-onset mci.
inconclusive results have been reported in clinical trials of rosiglitazone , an insulin sensitizer that also increases cardiovascular mortality risks.
no study has yet reported a protective cognitive effect of metformin , an insulin-sensitizing biguanide widely used in diabetic patients.
we studied @number@ older persons aged @number@ and over in the population-based singapore longitudinal aging study with diabetes who were followed up over @number@ years.
no significant interactive effects of metformin use with apoe-ε4 , depression , or fasting glucose level were observed.
among individuals with diabetes , long-term treatment with metformin may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
neuritic plaque ( np ) formation can be dated in vivo.
this analysis attempts to \ "date \ " the progression of neurofibrillary tangles ( nft ) using the spatial distribution of np as a reference.
autopsy data from @number@ participants in the honolulu-asia aging study ( haas ) were combined into latent factor measures of nft and np counts.
a third latent factor representing \ "non-np-related nft \ " was also constructed.
\ "early \ " np and \ "late \ " np correlated significantly with objectively early and later cognitive performance , respectively.
therefore , the np-related fraction of nft appears to be co-localized spatially with np.
however , since the latter evolve corticofugally in time , this suggests that np-related nft do so as well.
corticotropic nft formation must therefore be either unrelated to np formation , a temporally distinct process , or both.
research on the link between apoeε4 and neuropsychiatric symptoms ( nps ) in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has been inconsistent.
previous work has shown a relationship between serum biomarkers of vascular risk and inflammation and nps in ad.
the current study investigated the impact of apoeε4 status on the relationship between biomarkers of cardiovascular risk , systemic inflammation , and nps.
@number@ individuals were apoeε4 carriers and @number@ were non-carriers.
serum-based clinical biomarkers of vascular risk and biomarkers of inflammation related to ad were analyzed.
nps data was gathered from caretakers / family members using the neuropsychiatric inventory.
patterns related to specific symptoms were similar.
objective : to identify the factors associated with 3-month psci.
demographics , vascular risk factors , and stroke data were collected.
multivariable logistic models were used to determine factors associated with 3-month psci.
results : among the @number@ patients included , @number@ were assessable at @number@ months.
the overall frequency of 3-month psci was @percent@ , whereas that of dementia was @percent@.
conclusion : our study underlines the high frequency of psci in a cohort of mild stroke.
the early cognitive diagnosis of stroke patients could be useful by helping physicians to identify those at a high risk of developing psci.
@number@ cognitively healthy elderly controls were also included.
mri site qualification and mp-rage quality assessment was applied following the na-adni procedures.
results : results on phantom and volunteers scans showed that i-adni acquisition parameters were comparable with those one of the ranked-a adni scans.
eighty-seven percent of i-adni mprage images were ranked of high quality in comparison of @percent@ of na-adni.
icv showed homogeneous variances across scanners except for siemens scanners at @number@ tesla ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : this study has provided standardization of mri acquisition and imaging marker collection across different italian clinical units and equipment.
this is a mandatory step to the implementation of imaging biomarkers in clinical routine for early and differential diagnosis.
values of pwv and β stiffness parameters increase normally during aging and in certain vascular diseases including atherosclerosis.
osteoarthritis is a common cause of functional deterioration in older adults and is an immense burden on the aging population.
altered chondrogenesis is the most important pathophysiological process involved in the development of osteoarthritis.
mir-21 expression in cartilage specimens was examined in @number@ patients with knee osteoarthritis and @number@ traumatic amputees.
the effect of mir-21 on chondrogenesis was also investigated in a chondrocyte cell line.
the effect of mir-21 on the expression of growth differentiation factor @number@ ( gdf-5 ) was further assessed by luciferase reporter assay and western blot.
we found that endogenous mir-21 is upregulated in osteoarthritis patients , and overexpression of mir-21 could attenuate the process of chondrogenesis.
furthermore , we identified gdf-5 as the direct target of mir-21 during the regulation of chondrogenesis.
our data suggest that mir-21 has an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and is a potential therapeutic target.
background : it is unknown whether the cerebellum affects cognitive function in an aging community-dwelling population.
in a population-based study on @number@ nondemented individuals aged @number@ years and above , we investigated the relationship between cerebellar volume and cognitive function.
methods : brain volumes were obtained using automatic tissue segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging scans.
linear regression modeling was used to study the associations between cerebellar volumes and cognitive measures , independent of cerebral volumes.
results : we found a relationship between larger cerebellar volume and better global cognition , executive function , information processing speed , and motor speed.
after adjustment for cerebral volume , only cerebellar gray matter volume remained borderline significantly associated with global cognition and information processing speed.
after bonferroni correction , the few associations found between cerebellar volume and cognition disappeared.
our findings support the notion that cerebellar volume has an influence on cognition in aging , but that it is not the major leading structure.
objective : the purpose of the current experiment was to evaluate wm performance after training individuals to use effective encoding strategies.
participants in the control group ( older : n = @number@ young : n = @number@ ) completed an equally engaging filler task.
the age-related wm deficit was not greatly affected , however , and the training gains did not transfer to the other cognitive tasks.
adequate muscle perfusion is required for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.
impairments in microvascular structure and / or function with aging and type @number@ diabetes have been associated with the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass.
whole body insulin sensitivity was significantly lower at a more advanced age , with lowest values reported in the type @number@ diabetic patients.
in line , skeletal muscle capillary contacts were much lower in the older and older type @number@ diabetic patients when compared with the young.
sidestream darkfield imaging showed a significantly greater thickness of the erythrocyte perfused boundary region in the type @number@ diabetic patients compared with the young.
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of molar distalization depending on age and second-molar eruption using the beneslider.
the distalization forces applied were @number@ n in group @number@ and @number@ n in groups @number@ and @number@
treatment changes were evaluated and examined statistically for significant differences.
results : in all patients a class i molar relationship was achieved.
all mini-implants remained stable during treatment.
since no significant tipping was detected , the type of movement can be described as bodily movement.
mean overall distalization speed was @number@ ± @number@ mm per month.
there were no statistical differences between the groups.
conclusion : we found the beneslider to be an effective appliance that enables bodily distalization in adequate treatment time.
the higher resistance due to erupted second molars can be compensated by the use of higher forces without significantly reducing distalization speed.
impairment of stem cell function contributes to the progressive deterioration of tissue maintenance and repair with ageing.
introduction : age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia have negative effects on strength and the ability to perform activities of daily living.
methods : pubmed and healthstar databases were searched.
randomized , placebo-controlled trials that involved older adults supplemented with cr and included rt regimens ( > 6 wk ) were included.
data were analyzed using fixed or random ( if data were heterogeneous ) effects meta-analysis using revman @number@
cr + rt had a greater effect than rt alone on the 30-s chair stand test ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : retention of muscle mass and strength is integral to healthy aging.
this in vivo imaging method can show modifications at the cellular level induced by anti-glaucoma drugs on ocular surface structures and adnexa in the eye.
high-quality images of the conjunctiva , cornea , limbus , meibomian glands , and lymphoid structures during therapy can be obtained.
in this review we summarize the current knowledge about in vivo lscm of the ocular surface in glaucoma.
background : mutations in lrrk2 are the most common genetic cause of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
studies in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular dysfunction associated with the expression of faulty pd genes.
methods : we developed a yeast model for full-length lrrk2 studies.
we expressed wild-type ( wt ) lrrk2 and mutations and evaluated their role during oxidative stress conditions.
the involvement of endocytosis was also studied by testing several endocytic mutants and by following the vacuolar delivery of the probe fm4-64.
results : expression of lrrk2 in yeast was associated to increased hydrogen peroxide resistance.
expression of the pathogenic mutants stimulated ros production and increased mitochondrial membrane potential.
for the pd-mutants , but not for wild-type lrrk2 , endocytic defects were also observed.
additionally , several endocytic proteins were required for lrrk2-mediated protection against hydrogen peroxide.
conclusions : our results indicate that lrrk2 confers cellular protection during oxidative stress depending on mitochondrial function and endocytosis.
descriptive and correlational statistics were employed.
more women than men and staff aged 50-59 had an increased need to reflect.
spirometric obstruction is a prevalent problem in older adults and related to life-style risk factors.
symptoms related to ( copd ) are also prevalent symptoms with diverse etiologies - not limited to pulmonary obstruction.
older adults may have unrecognized airway obstruction due to functional limitations or symptoms mis-attributed to age / other co-morbidities.
therefore , spirometric obstruction may clinically be over / under diagnosed.
over last few decades , the burden of smoking-related diseases has increased in older adults.
additional evidence regarding older adults is required.
we aimed to study frequency of spirometric obstruction , its over / under diagnosis and tobacco exposure in a group of male nursing-home residents.
one hundred and three residents with @number@ ± @number@ years-of-age included.
spirometric obstruction prevalences were @number@ and @percent@ with fixed and age-corrected fev1 / fvc thresholds , respectively.
age-corrected fev1 / fvc threshold underdiagnosed copd in @percent@ while fixed threshold overdiagnosed spirometric obstruction in @percent@.
active smokers were @percent@ , ex-smokers @percent@ and non-smokers @percent@.
our study suggests high prevalences of spirometric obstruction and smoking in male nursing-home residents in turkey.
we suggest the use of age-corrected fev1 / fvc threshold practicing better than the use of fixed fev1 / fvc threshold in this patient group.
methods : this study included @number@ ed patients above 40-years-of-age.
participants were divided into two groups according to @number@ criteria of international diabetes federation.
the severity of ed , serum tt levels and other mets components were compared between the groups.
results : the mean age of the patients was @number@ ± @number@ years.
one hundred eighteen patients ( %42.1 ) had mets.
sixty-eight patients with mets ( @percent@ ) and @number@ patients without mets ( @percent@ ) had severe ed ( p = @number@ ) .
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients had hypogonadism.
hypogonadism was seen more prevalent in patients with mets ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : metabolic syndrome was seen in almost half of the patients with ed.
ed was more severe among mets patients.
hypogonadism alone is a not risk factor for severe ed.
data from @number@ patients were analyzed.
at baseline , increasing age , presence of metastasis and presence of comorbidity had a negative impact on qlq-c30 and qlq-pr25 scores.
design : cross-sectional study , with additional prospective data on falls and mortality.
setting : concord health and ageing in men project , sydney , australia.
participants : community-dwelling men aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
objectives : to evaluate whether race influences agreement between screening results and documentation of cognitive impairment and delirium.
design : secondary data analysis.
setting : an urban , public hospital and healthcare system.
there were no differences in clinical documentation rates of delirium between african americans and non-african americans.
skeletal muscle ( skm ) comprise ∼40% of human body weight.
mesenchymal stem cells ( msc ) are postnatal progenitor / stem cells that possess multilineage mesodermal differentiation capacity , including toward skm.
in vivo transplantation revealed that skm-differentiated hde-mscs can efficiently incorporate into host skm tissue in a mouse model of skm injury.
in contrast , adult bmmscs do not express skm-associated genes after in vitro skm differentiation nor engraft in vivo.
moreover , knockdown of srf in hde-mscs resulted in decreased expression of skm-related genes after in vitro differentiation and decreased in vivo engraftment.
evaluation : this review considers evidence-based research as well as reports , case studies and literature reviews related to transitional care.
international articles are included.
outcome measures of success , barriers to achieving successful transitional care and effectiveness of interventions are investigated.
conscientious leaders should consider transitional care in the context of its wicked nature in order to achieve optimal patient care.
the effects induced by mechanical changes on body kinematics were very small.
among the three shoes tested , the shoe with intermediate midsole foam provided the best compromise between viscosity and elasticity.
the optimum balance remains to be found for the design of shoes regarding at once cushioning , durability and injury prevention.
methods : the literature search was conducted using three online databases restricted to the timeframe from @date@ to @date@ .
only clinical trials , randomized or open label , with safety as the primary or secondary endpoint , were included.
results : thirty-five papers were selected , with a total of subjects @number@ studied.
onabotulinumtoxina was used in @percent@ of the studies , abobotulinumtoxina in @percent@ , and incobotulinumtoxina in @percent@.
all of these events resolved spontaneously.
conclusion : the short-term safety profile of bont-a in cosmetic nonsurgical procedures was confirmed for all the three commercial formulations.
distinctive cortico-striatal circuits that serve motor and cognitive functions have been recently mapped based on resting state connectivity.
it has been reported that age differences in cortico-striatal connectivity relate to cognitive declines in aging.
moreover , children in their early teens ( i.e. , youth ) already show mature motor network patterns while their cognitive networks are still developing.
however , we predicted that the \ "motor \ " circuits would show less variation in connectivity strength across the lifespan.
nurse practitioners can ease increased pressure on primary care shortage while providing a cost-effective and high-quality alternative to certain physician services.
however , scope-of-practice laws are restrictive and their modification remains a source of controversy.
clearly , there is a need for new thinking around the scope of practice debate.
it also examined different manifestations of the controversy that arises in scope of practice debates.
we argue that improved care coordination is necessary to improve outcomes and \ "bend the cost curve downward. \ "
allowing nurse practitioners and other providers to practice to the full extent of their licenses will result in improved care coordination.
this can be accomplished by expanding nursing and other providers ' scopes of practice.
structural changes in the gut microbial community have been shown to accompany the progressive development of colorectal cancer.
the possible role of inflammation , bacterial toxins and toxic microbiota metabolites in colorectal cancer onset is specifically discussed.
on the other hand , the strategic role of inflammation as the keystone factor in driving microbiota to become carcinogenic is suggested.
erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and low testosterone levels are common in men with type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) .
we have investigated the impact of testosterone on quality of life ( qol ) in diabetic men with ed.
men with ed were identified within a study cohort of @number@ men with t2d.
all subjects completed sf-36 health and androgen deficiency of the aging male questionnaires.
a subgroup of @number@ ed patients completed the international index of erectile function-5 ( iief-5 ) questionnaire.
a positive linear relationship was observed between iief-5 scores and total sf-36 score ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
patients who reported having ed had an average sf-36 score of @percent@ less than those without ed ( p < @number@ ) .
this is the first study to report that testosterone deficiency and severity of ed are both independently associated with reduced qol in men with t2d.
furthermore , ed and low testosterone are markers of poor health which impact on an individual's self-perception of their health status.
however , abnormal midbrain / pons values suggestive of psp have also been reported in elderly individuals and in patients with pd.
we investigated the effect of aging on single or combined imaging measurements of the brainstem.
in healthy controls , aging was negatively correlated with midsagittal area of the midbrain and midbrain / pons values.
in both groups , mrpi values were not influenced either by aging or by disease status.
no effect of aging on either midbrain / pons or mrpi values was shown in the patients with psp.
apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) is a lipid-associated protein present in both plasma and in central nervous system.
however , information regarding the function and structure-activity relationship of apoe in lower vertebrates is rather limited.
napoe is predominantly expressed in the liver of n. guentheri , consistent with that in mammalian species.
more importantly , we demonstrate an age-dependent down-regulation of napoe gene , rendering it a suitable biomarker of aging.
this lays a foundation for further study of the role of apoe in the aging process of fish.
our aim was to estimate the global and regional burden of ihd in @number@ and @number@
age-standardized acute myocardial infarction incidence and angina prevalence decreased globally between @number@ and @number@ ischemic heart failure prevalence increased slightly.
the global burden of ihd increased by @number@ million disability-adjusted life-years ( @percent@ increase ) between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : globally , age-standardized acute myocardial infarction incidence and angina prevalence have decreased , and ischemic heart failure prevalence has increased since @number@
the epidemiology of kidney disease in hiv-infected individuals has changed significantly since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) in the mid 1990s.
in this mini-review , we characterize the changing epidemiology of hiv-related chronic kidney disease in western nations and in sub-saharan africa.
how sex steroids modulate glucocorticoid feedback on the ( hpc ) unit is controversial in humans.
we postulated that testosterone ( t ) in men and estradiol ( e2 ) in women govern unstressed cortisol-mediated negative feedback on acth secretion.
acth was measured every @number@ min during the last @number@ h of the infusions.
the main outcome measures were mean acth concentrations , pulsatile acth secretion , and acth approximate entropy ( apen ) .
e2 also suppressed acth apen ( process randomness ) during continuous cortisol feedback ( p = @number@ ) .
t had no univariate effect but was a positive correlate of acth when assessed jointly with e2 ( negative ) under cortisol pulses.
in conclusion , sex steroids modulate selective gender-related hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal-axis adaptations to cortisol feedback in unstressed humans.
the dangerous convergence of small typefaces , dim lighting , aging nurses.
background : age-related endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening are associated with increased cardiovascular ( cv ) risk.
the impact of mpa on the vasculature of older adults remains unclear.
both groups @number@ and @number@ increased mpa ≥30 min / day.
only group @number@ increased mpa in continuous bouts of ≥10 minutes ( p < 0.001 ) and improved fmd% ( p = 0.001 ) .
neither achievement of ≥10 @number@ steps / day nor ≥30 min / day of mpa resulted in improved fmd%.
however , achieving ≥20 min / day in mpa bouts resulted in improved fmd%.
no changes in vascular stiffness were observed.
commonly encouraged pa goals do not guarantee improved endothelial function and may not be as effective in reducing cv risk.
clinical trial registration url : clinicaltrials.gov.
unique identifier : nct-01212978.
background : the sagittal alignment of the spine changes depending on body posture and degenerative changes.
radiographs were obtained in standing , supine , and sitting ( 30° , 60° , and 90° ) positions respectively.
we compared the radiological changes in the lordotic and segmental angles in different body positions and at different ages.
upper and lower lumbar lordosis were defined according to differences in anatomical sagittal mobility and kinematic behavior.
upper lumbar lordosis in the younger group changed dynamically in all changed positions compared with the old group ( p = 0.019 ) .
conclusions : lumbar lordosis decreases as position changes from standing to 90°sitting.
the upper lumbar spine is more flexible in individuals in their twenties compared to those in their sixties.
changes in lumbar lordosis were concentrated in the lower lumbar region in the older group in sitting positions.
therefore , we sought to examine the relationship between age and 24-hour urine composition.
methods : we retrospectively reviewed a database of our tertiary care stone clinic patients seen from @date@ to @date@ .
conclusions : there are numerous age-related changes in the metabolic profile as seen on 24-hour urine collection.
achilles tendinopathies display focal tissue thickening with pain and ultrasonography changes.
this article explores transgender aging , drawing from life story interviews with transgender adults aged 62-78.
it illustrates how older transgendered adults carry physical and mental scars from previously encountered transphobia , which affect various aspects of later life.
sexual orientation and gender identity are not commonly addressed in health and human service delivery , or in educational degree programs.
method : data from semistructured interviews with seven participants discussed aspects of social isolation or loneliness.
following a phenomenological design , data were coded and analysed for experiences.
results : three themes emerged : ' dislike being alone' ; ' loneliness and isolation' ; and ' social isolation causes negative feelings'.
being isolated can cause depression , fear and insecurity.
future research should consider the role psychotropic medications have in coping with social isolation and loneliness among older adults.
clinicians should be aware of social isolation and loneliness in late life and discuss non-pharmacologic treatment options with their ageing patients.
objective : most studies on older adults ' driving practices have relied on self-reported information.
with technological advances it is now possible to objectively measure the everyday driving of older adults in their own vehicles over time.
almost half ( @percent@ ) chose the wrong distance category , and some people misestimated their distance driven by up to @number@ km.
conclusions : although self-reported driving distance categories may be adequate for studies entailing broad group comparisons , caution should be used in interpreting results.
use of self-reported estimates for individual assessments should be discouraged.
free radicals generated within subcellular compartments damage macromolecules which lead to severe structural changes and functional alterations of cellular organelles.
there is considerable evidence that damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to reduce membrane fluidity.
however , adequate levels of fluidity are essential for the proper functioning of biological membranes.
thus , there is considerable interest in antioxidant molecules which are able to stabilize membranes because of their protective effects against lipid peroxidation.
melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a wide variety of endocrine , neural and immune functions.
over the last two decades , intensive research has proven this molecule , as well as its metabolites , to possess substantial antioxidant activity.
with a rapidly aging society it becomes increasingly important to counter normal age-related decline in cognitive functioning.
growing evidence suggests that cognitive training programs may have the potential to counteract this decline.
in this paper , we review studies investigating the effects of meditation on age-related cognitive decline.
twelve studies were included in the review , six of which were randomized controlled trials.
however , most studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes.
reported dropout rates were low and compliance rates high.
we conclude that meditation interventions for older adults are feasible , and preliminary evidence suggests that meditation can offset age-related cognitive decline.
results : the rates of postoperative complications ( @percent@ in group @number@ and @percent@ in group @number@ ) were not significantly different.
elderly patients should not be considered ineligible for surgical treatment due to their age alone.
unlabelled : it has been suggested that some patients undergoing prolonged treatment for osteoporosis with anti-resorptive agents may benefit from discontinuing treatment.
suspending treatment as part of a drug holiday may reduce the risk of adverse effects , but may also lead to reduced bmd.
after stopping treatment , reductions in bmd are expected to occur long before mean tissue age returns to normal.
our analysis echoes recent reviews suggesting patient selection and monitoring when anti-resorptive treatment is discontinued.
the seasonal variation was larger than the longitudinal change.
our findings implicate that vitamin d supplementation becomes more important in older age groups and during wintertime.
introduction : longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25-ohd ) levels during aging have not been studied extensively.
two studies showed increasing serum 25-ohd levels.
one of these studies suggested that there might be decreasing levels in persons aged @number@ years and older.
methods : data of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) , an ongoing cohort study , were used.
results : at baseline , average levels were @number@ nmol / l in the younger cohort and @number@ nmol / l in the older cohort.
the seasonal variation was ±12 nmol / l in the younger cohort and ±7 nmol / l in the older cohort.
on average , the seasonal variation was larger than the longitudinal change.
our findings implicate that vitamin d supplementation becomes more important in older age groups and during wintertime.
only a limited number of large-scale association studies for ahl have been undertaken in humans , to date.
an alternate and complementary approach to these human studies is through the use of mouse models.
complex traits in mouse strains have been shown to have higher heritability and genetic loci often have stronger effects on the trait compared to humans.
we identified five genome-wide significant loci ( < 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
one of these loci confirmed a previously identified locus ( ahl8 ) on distal chromosome @number@ and greatly narrowed the candidate region.
specifically , the most significant associated snp is located @number@ kb upstream of fscn2.
these data confirm the utility of this approach and provide new high-resolution mapping information about variation within the mouse genome associated with hearing loss.
anca-associated vasculitis affects more than @number@ per million of the population per year and prevails in the elderly.
renal involvement , either isolated or in the context of systemic vasculitis , is common.
eighty-one middle-aged and older adults ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ to @number@ years volunteered for the study.
mth was measured using b-mode ultrasound at two sites on the anterior ( a50 ) and posterior ( p50 ) aspects of the mid-thigh.
a50 : p50 mth ratio was calculated to evaluate site-specific thigh muscle loss. alm and percent body fat were also determined using a dxa.
men had lower body fat and higher alm than women.
anterior and posterior thigh mth as well as a50 : p50 mth ratio was higher in men than in women.
zigzag walking time was faster in men than in women.
anterior and posterior thigh mth was positively ( p < @number@ ) correlated to alm and alm index in men and women.
however , a50 : p50 mth ratio was not significantly correlated with alm and alm index in both sexes.
there was no significant correlation between alm index and zigzag walking time in men and women.
a50 : p50 mth ratio was inversely ( p < @number@ ) correlated to zigzag walking time in both men and women.
our results suggest that thigh mth ratio is independent of age-related muscle mass loss detected by alm.
introduction : the number of older patients with cancer is increasing.
in this review , we summarize current literature that is available on ga in elderly patients with solid malignancies who receive chemotherapy.
we focus on prediction of treatment toxicity , mortality and the role of ga in the decision-making process.
design : we conducted a systematic search in pubmed.
results : our search provided @number@ publications.
thirteen met the predefined criteria.
conclusions : in geriatric oncology , an accurate predictive test to guide anticancer treatment in order to prevent serious toxicity is needed.
the value of ga in predicting toxicity and mortality in older patients with cancer undergoing treatment with chemotherapy has not been proven.
it may be valuable in revealing geriatric problems but current evidence for its usefulness to guide treatment decisions in this setting is limited.
methods : articles containing \ "childhood medulloblastoma \ " and \ "quality of life \ " were identified in pubmed.
those containing phrases pertaining to psychological , emotional , behavioral or social adjustment in the title , abstract or keywords were selected.
inclusion of relevant older publications was assured by cross-checking references.
results : 1920-1930s : suction , electro-surgery , kilovolt ( kv ) irradiation.
survival = months.
focus on operative mortality , symptoms and survival.
1940s : radiotherapy improved.
1950s : chemotherapy and intubation.
survival = years.
opinions oscillated between optimism / awareness of physical sequelae of radiotherapy.
1960s : magnified vision , ventriculo-peritoneal ( vp ) shunts , megavolt ( mv ) irradiation.
long-term survival shifted the attention towards neurological problems , disability and carcinogenesis of radiotherapy.
1970s : ct , microscope , bipolar coagulation , shunt filters , neuroanesthesia , chemotherapy trials and staging studies.
operative mortality decreased and many patients ( re ) entered school ; emphasis on neuropsychological sequelae , iq and academic performance.
1980s : magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , cavitron ultrasonic aspiration ( cusa ) , laser surgery , hyper-fractionated radiotherapy ( hfrt ) .
cerebellar mutism , psychological and social issues.
1990s : pediatric neurosurgery , proton beams , stem cell rescue.
reflections on qol as such.
21st century : molecular genetics.
premature aging , patterns of decline , risk- and resilience factors.
discussion : qol is a critical outcome measure.
focus depends on survival and sequelae , determined after years of follow-up.
detailed measurements are limited by time , money and human resources , and self-reporting questionnaires represent a crude measure limited by subjectivity.
therapeutic improvements raise the question of qol versus cure.
qol is a potential primary research endpoint ; multicenter international studies are needed , as are web-based tools that work across cultures.
experience with my mother over the past @number@ years led me reflect on how we care for older adults.
many specialized positions are emerging for nurses in care coordination.
these positions tend to focus on the most complex patients and on selected transitions in care.
they need competencies in assessment of older adults and awareness of how illness may present differently in this population.
they need to be aware of the entire continuum of care and provide care coordination for patients who are not receiving specialized care coordination services.
objective : menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses.
the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active and whether hormone status contributes to lipid metabolism.
serum specimens were collected from the peripheral and ovarian veins of participants undergoing bilateral oophorectomy.
sex steroid hormone levels and lipid profiles were determined.
results : statistically significant differences in estradiol ( e2 ) and testosterone were seen between the ovarian samples and the peripheral samples in all groups.
e2 and estrone obtained from ovarian venous samples gradually decreased with age in postmenopausal women.
there was a significant correlation between ovarian e2 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the low-density lipoprotein ratio.
however , there was no correlation between peripheral e2 levels and any of the lipid parameters examined.
we evaluated associations between alcohol use categories and advanced hepatic fibrosis , by hiv and chronic hcv status.
advanced hepatic fibrosis was defined by fib-4 index > 3.25.
results : within each hiv / hcv group , the prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis increased as alcohol use category increased.
all alcohol use categories were strongly associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in hiv / hcv-coinfected patients.
ubiquitin is a post-translational modifier with proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles in many biological processes.
at mitochondria , it performs regulatory homeostatic functions and contributes to mitochondrial quality control.
ubiquitin is essential for mitochondrial fusion , regulates mitochondria-er contacts , and participates in maternal mtdna inheritance.
under stress , mitochondrial dysfunction induces ubiquitin-dependent responses that involve mitochondrial proteome remodeling and culminate in organelle removal by mitophagy.
in addition , many ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms have been shown to regulate innate immune responses and xenophagy.
here , we review the emerging roles of ubiquitin at mitochondria.
methods : a review of @number@ face-lift patients was performed.
photographic analysis using a computer program was conducted on oblique facial views preoperatively and postoperatively , to obtain the most projected malar contour point.
two independent observers visually evaluated the malar prominence and nasolabial fold improvements based on standardized photographs.
results : nasolabial fold improved by at least one grade in @number@ percent and by over one grade in @number@ percent.
malar prominence average projection increase was @time@ percent and the average amount of lift was @time@ percent.
twenty-eight percent of the patients had a convex malar prominence postoperatively compared with @number@ percent preoperatively.
malar prominence improved by at least one grade in @number@ percent and by over one grade in @number@ percent.
this was shown with objective numerical grading and through observer assessment.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
background / objectives : nursing homes become important locations for palliative care.
by means of comprehensive geriatric assessments ( cgas ) , an evaluation can be made of the different palliative care needs of nursing home residents.
the cgas are evaluated in terms of psychometric properties and content comprehensiveness.
setting : nursing homes.
participants : nursing home residents with palliative care needs.
measurements : psychometric data on validity and reliability were extracted from the articles.
results : a total of @number@ articles were identified.
seven studies met our inclusion criteria , describing @number@ different cgas that have been validated for nursing home residents with palliative care needs.
all cgas demonstrate moderate to high psychometric properties.
the mcmaster quality of life scale covers nine domains.
all other cgas cover seven domains or fewer.
objectives : protective steps are essential for fall avoidance.
most studies only examined forwards stepping despite considerable bio-mechanical and visual differences between the forwards and backwards directions.
we assess forward-backward differences in protective steps in a young and elderly group.
methods : protective stepping responses were elicited by a platform moving unpredictably either forwards or backwards.
for control purposes , voluntary steps , in response to vibration cues on the forehead or occiput were also recorded.
backwards protective steps occur earlier than forwards ; such promptness may have evolved out of bio-mechanical features which make falling backwards easier.
the findings in the elderly may partly depend on dysfunction in fronto-basal ganglia postural loops.
objectives : we aim to elucidate the role of health behaviors and health conditions in the association between depression and mortality.
first , we examine the relationship between major depression and nonsuicide mortality among u.s. adults aged @number@ and older.
second , we examine the relationship between major depression and cardiovascular disease and cancer , by baseline disease status.
third , we examine the role of health behaviors as potential mediators of the association between major depression and cause-specific mortality.
we examine cause-specific mortality ( cardiovascular and cancer ) by baseline disease status.
health behaviors reduce the hazard ratio by @percent@ for all nonsuicide mortality , @percent@ for cardiovascular disease mortality , and @percent@ for cancer mortality.
results : older cohorts are shown to have equivalent or better swb than younger cohorts for each well-being measure.
method : data come from @number@ waves of the health and retirement study ( 1996-2008 ) .
results : in baseline models , african americans had larger persistent level of limitations over time.
lesion studies link the prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) to executive functions.
however , the evidence from in vivo investigations in healthy people is mixed , and there are no quantitative estimates of the association strength.
we found that larger pfc volume and greater pfc thickness were associated with better executive performance.
strength of association between cognitive and neuroanatomical indices depended on the executive task used in the study.
pfc volume correlated stronger with wisconsin card sorting test than with digit backwards span , trail making test and verbal fluency.
significant effect size was observed in lateral and medial but not orbital pfc.
a subset of older people is at increased risk of hospitalization and dependency.
nevertheless , the relation between cd4 : 8 ratio and functional outcome has rarely been investigated.
in cmv seropositives , this subgroup had lower proportions of late-differentiated cd4 + and cd8 + t cells and weaker anti-cmv immunoglobulin g reactivity.
the associations between 25 ( oh ) d and tau variables were not significant.
objective : the aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of ala-pdt and red light alone in the treatment of photoaging.
methods : a total of @number@ adults with photoaging skin were recruited.
ala-pdt or red light alone was applied to the forearm extensor.
results : after ala-pdt or red light illumination , the appearance of photoaging lesions improved , sc hydration increased and tewl decreased.
these changes in the ala-pdt group were more obvious than those in the red light group.
no significant change was noticed in the l a b values in both groups.
the signs of typical solar elastosis damage were improved in both groups.
conclusions : ala-pdt showed better skin rejuvenation effect than red light alone.
objective : agitation post-acquired brain injury ( abi ) is common and should be appropriately managed to optimize the patients ' rehabilitation progress.
the objective of this study was to assess how agitation is managed in current practice on an abi rehabilitation unit.
methods : a retrospective chart audit was conducted of patients admitted to an abi rehabilitation unit to assess current practices.
the agitated behavior scale ( abs ) was the only assessment tool regularly utilized and , therefore , its use was evaluated.
results : a total of @number@ patient charts were reviewed.
fifty-one patients received medication for agitated behaviour.
the abs was administered to @number@ patients ; a total of @number@ abs tests were completed for these patients.
twenty-one of the @number@ individuals never scored outside the ' normal ' range ; however , medications were given to @percent@.
there is a need to educate on the proper use and interpretation of assessment tools in order to improve care.
the onset of chronic disease is often the prelude to the subsequent physiological and mental twilight in the aging population of modern society.
alzheimer's disease has also recently come to the forefront of ongoing maladies most typically associated with an aging population.
ironically , though , many people seem to be living longer than expected.
this review discusses the role of the inflammatory environment in the development of chronic diseases in the aging population and also proposes a common pathology.
the benefits that improvements and dedication in nutrition and fitness approaches may offer at the molecular level are also discussed.
this article briefly summarizes what cryotechniques are capable of presently and in the near future , to separate fact from fiction.
exposure to cold , dehydration , and aging are known to contribute to the development of decompression sickness ( dcs ) in divers.
hypertension and nicotine usage have also been suggested as risk factors.
vasoconstriction is an underlying mechanism associated with all of these risk factors.
vasoconstriction increases the degree of bubble formation which is believed to be the cause of dcs.
formed bubbles interfere with the production of nitric oxide which modulates vascular tone resulting in vasoconstriction.
bivariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate differences between cases and controls.
the co-variables of cold , gender , obesity , and rapid ascents were not significant contributors to developing dcs in this study.
the inherent limitations associated with records-based studies may have underestimated this risk.
it is important therefore that future research be undertaken to help clarify this concern.
objectives : we have previously described the antifibrotic role of the soluble guanylate cyclase ( sgc ) .
the mode of action , however , remained elusive.
in vivo , we studied the antifibrotic effects of bay 41-2272 in mice overexpressing a constitutively active tgf-β1 receptor.
furthermore , 8-bromo-cgmp reduced tgfβ-dependent collagen release.
conclusions : we elucidated the antifibrotic mode of action of the sgc that increases cgmp levels , blocks non-canonical tgfβ signalling and inhibits experimental fibrosis.
results : lower sep across life was associated with higher fat mass and higher android to gynoid fat mass ratio.
associations between childhood sep and outcomes were partly explained by preadulthood weight gain and adult sep.
conclusions : this study identified lifetime socioeconomic patterning of fat and lean mass in early old age.
this is likely to have important implications and may partly explain socioeconomic inequalities in health and physical functioning.
age-associated dementia and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are currently epidemic.
neither their cause nor connection to the metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is clear.
suppression of deacetylase survival factor sirtuin @number@ ( sirt1 ) , a key host defense , is a central feature of ad.
changes in the modern diet include excessive nutrient-bound ages , such as neurotoxic methyl-glyoxal derivatives ( mg ) .
results : high pep is associated with higher mastery while low pep is associated with lower mastery , even after controlling for objective economic status.
in general , the relationship between pep and mastery does not vary whether pep relative to peers or pep relative to american families is examined.
this is known as the paradox of well-being.
the present research investigates how these levels combine , and whether the paradox of well-being persists across different economic contexts.
analyses also account for other relevant psychological , individual , and country differences.
possible avenues by which gdp affects swb are also explored.
discussion : the findings clarify the relationship between age and swb by demonstrating that the paradox of well-being is conditional on the economic context.
implications for individual- and country-level strategies for successful aging are discussed.
findings suggest the importance of considering \ "old age \ " attributions in the context of cardiovascular health events.
caspase-2 has been shown to function in apoptosis and in some non-apoptotic pathways , including tumor suppression and aging.
caspase-2 has some unique features and is the only caspase that constitutively localizes to the nucleus , although its nuclear function remains unknown.
during apoptosis signaling , caspase-2 rapidly homodimerizes , which leads to its activation and proteolytic processing.
the activation of caspase-2 can be measured by assessing its dimerization and / or cleavage of the caspase-2 zymogen and its substrates.
this chapter outlines commonly used methods to purify recombinant caspase-2 and assess its activity and function in vitro and in cultured cells or tissue extracts.
unlabelled : several ultrasonic devices have recently been investigated for their ability to decrease areas of focal adiposity and tighten small areas of the skin.
although most studies claim statistically significant results , the clinical significance of ultrasound technology has yet to be determined.
most studies use waist circumference measurements to determine statistical significance and efficacy.
the majority of the current studies also have a relatively a short follow-up period of @number@ months.
level of evidence iii : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
orthogeriatric care is at present the best model of care to improve results in older patients after hip fracture.
the position paper focused on eight quality standards for the management of hip fracture older patients in orthogeriatric model of care.
the giog promotes the development of a clinic database with the aim of obtaining a qualitative improvement in the management of hip fracture.
extracellular vesicles , including exosomes , are small membrane vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies or from the plasma membrane.
most , if not all , cell types release extracellular vesicles , which then enter the bodily fluids.
these vesicles contain a subset of proteins , lipids and nucleic acids that are derived from the parent cell.
extracellular vesicles are involved in numerous physiological processes , and vesicles from both non-immune and immune cells have important roles in immune regulation.
moreover , extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics are being developed and clinically tested for the treatment of inflammatory diseases , autoimmune disorders and cancer.
background : hypnosedatives are commonly prescribed for anxiety and sleep problems.
changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benzodiazepines ( bzds ) during ageing may increase their potential to cause adverse outcomes.
objective : this study aimed to investigate the use of bzds in acute care settings and explore their association with falls.
methods : a prospective cohort study was undertaken of patients aged over @number@ years consecutively admitted to @number@ acute care hospitals in australia.
data were collected using the interrai acute care assessment tool.
falls were recorded prospectively ( in hospital ) and retrospectively ( in the @number@ days prior to admission ) .
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @number@ % ) were taking bzds at admission and @number@ ( @number@ % ) at discharge.
there was also no significant association between benzodiazepine use at admission and history of falls in the previous @number@ days compared with non-users.
conclusions : different bzds may vary in their propensity to predispose to falls , with diazepam having the strongest association.
the selection of particular bzds for older patients should be carefully evaluated.
background : hospital admissions may provide an opportunity to discontinue potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) in older patients.
little is known about the effect of using the screening tool of older people's potentially inappropriate prescriptions ( stopp ) in this context.
methods : this was a randomised controlled study in @number@ frail inpatients ( in @number@ ) .
the intervention consisted of stopp recommendations made by the igct to ward physicians to discontinue pims , in addition to the standard geriatric advice.
the proportion of patients who still had one or more pim at discharge did not differ between groups.
discontinuation rate was not associated with clinical importance.
conclusion : specific stopp recommendations provided to hospital physicians doubled the reduction of pims at discharge in frail older inpatients.
however , intentional non-adherence is regularly observed and results in negative outcomes for patients along with increased healthcare provision costs.
whilst this is a consistent issue amongst adults of all ages , the burden of chronic disease is greatest amongst older adults.
as a result , the absolute prevalence of intentional non-adherence is increased in this population.
this non-systematic review of intentional non-adherence to medication highlights the extent of the problem amongst older adults.
it notes that age , per se , is not a contributory factor in intentionally non-adherent behaviours.
it describes the current evidence for each of these aspects and notes the paucity of data validating leventhal's model in this regard.
it also reports on interventions that may address these issues and explicitly acknowledges the lack of evidence-based interventions available to healthcare practitioners.
diet control and smoking status did not significantly predict hospital use after controlling for other factors.
our findings indicate that increased ltpa results in reduced hospitalization among adults with diabetes.
these contrasted results may be due to the influence of factors such as age , obesity , and muscle mass itself.
methods : data are from @number@ individuals ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ years and older.
body composition ( dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ) and knee extension strength of the right leg ( @number@ repetition maximum ) were assessed.
appendicular lean body mass index ( applbmi ) and mq ( knee extension strength / right leg lean mass ) were calculated.
a composite score of physical function was created based on the timed up-and-go , alternate step , sit-to-stand , and balance tests.
even so , higher levels of mq were associated with higher physical function scores.
nutritional and physical activity interventions may be designed in this regard.
objective : delirium superimposed on dementia ( dsd ) is common in many settings.
nonetheless , little is known about the association between dsd and clinical outcomes.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : hospital rehabilitation unit.
participants : a total of @number@ patients aged @number@ years or older admitted between @date@ and december @number@
measurements : dementia predating rehabilitation admission was detected by dsm-iii-r criteria.
delirium was diagnosed with the dsm-iv-tr.
a mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dsd and outcome , after adjusting for relevant covariates.
secondary outcomes were institutionalization and mortality at 1-year follow-up , and logistic regression models were used to analyze these associations.
results : the median age was @number@ years ( interquartile range : 71-83 ) .
the prevalence of dsd was @percent@ , and the prevalence of delirium and dementia alone were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
why do humans live longer than other higher primates ?
why do women live longer than men ?
what is the significance of the menopause ?
answers to these questions may be sought by reference to the mechanisms by which human aging might have evolved.
here , an evolutionary hypothesis is presented that could answer all three questions , based on the following suppositions.
first , that the evolution of increased human longevity was driven by increased late-life reproduction by men in polygynous primordial societies.
second , that the lack of a corresponding increase in female reproductive lifespan reflects evolutionary constraint on late-life oocyte production.
third , that antagonistic pleiotropy acting on androgen-generated secondary sexual characteristics in men increased reproductive success earlier in life , but shortened lifespan.
that the gender gap in aging is attributable to androgens appears more likely given a recent report of exceptional longevity in eunuchs.
yet androgen depletion therapy , now used to treat prostatic hyperplasia , appears to accelerate other aspects of aging ( e.g. cardiovascular disease ) .
one possibility is that low levels of androgens throughout life reduces aging rate , but late-life androgen depletion does not.
telomeric dna has been intensely investigated for its role in chromosome protection , aging , cell death , and disease.
family caregivers ( n = @number@ ) of iwd who were using ads were interviewed daily by telephone at home.
saliva samples were collected from caregivers five times a day for @number@ consecutive days and were assayed for dhea-s.
daily telephone interviews assessed daily stressors and mood.
results : dhea-s levels were significantly higher on days after ads use.
daily dhea-s levels covaried significantly with daily positive mood but not with depressive symptoms.
conclusion : these results demonstrate an association of ads use by family caregivers and higher dhea-s levels on the next day.
prior research has found that higher dhea-s levels are protective against the physiologic damaging effects of stressor exposure and may reduce risks of illness.
resistance training is recommended for all adults of both sexes.
the arterial stiffness and limb blood flow responses to resistance training in young and older women have not been well-studied.
the purpose of this study was to examine arterial stiffness and blood flow adaptations to high-intensity resistance exercise training in young and older women.
young ( aged 18-25 ) and older ( aged 50-64 ) women performed full-body high-intensity resistance exercise three times per week for eight weeks.
data was analyzed by anovas with alpha set at @number@
correlations were also examined between changes in arterial stiffness and baseline arterial stiffness values.
older subjects had higher carotid-femoral pwv than younger subjects.
no significant effects were found for femoral-tibialis posterior pwv or for resting forearm blood flow.
changes in carotid-femoral and femoral-tibialis posterior pwv correlated significantly with their respective baseline values.
older subjects increased peak forearm blood flow while young subjects showed no change.
total hyperemia increased significantly in both groups.
however , a large degree of individual variation was found and arterial stiffness adaptations appeared positively related to the initial stiffness values.
conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between blood pressure ( bp ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) .
we identified @number@ studies including @number@ @number@ subjects.
few researchers have examined the effects of multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) mortality simultaneously.
blsa is a representative cohort study from @number@ to @number@ hosted by xuan wu hospital.
competing risk survival analysis was conducted to explore the association between risk factors and cvd mortality.
the factors focused mainly on lifestyle , physical condition , and the model was adjusted for age and gender.
there were @number@ of the @number@ recorded deaths caused by cvd among the @number@ participants.
living in a suburban area ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.410-0.921 ) was associated with lower cvd mortality.
the study provides an instructional foundation for the control and prevention of cvd in beijing , china.
in this review , we will discuss how altered er homeostasis contributes to dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and contributes to liver-associated metabolic diseases.
the upr constitutes a series of adaptive programs that preserve er protein-folding environment and maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis.
signaling components of the upr are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of human liver-associated metabolic diseases.
therefore , treatment for copd needs to focus on these comorbidities as well as the lungs.
in the present study , we evaluated the progression of comorbidity in our copd model.
in female tg mice , significant weight loss was observed at @number@ weeks and beyond , when compared with control wild-type ( wt ) mice.
this weight loss was suppressed in il-13-deficient ( knockout ; ko ) tg mice.
muscle weight and bone mineral density were significantly decreased in aged tg mice relative to control wt and il-13 ko tg mice.
the aged tg mice also showed impaired glucose tolerance.
il-18 and il- @date@ play important roles in the pathogenesis of comorbidity in copd patients.
background : there is little information on the association of the apoee4 allele and ad risk in african populations.
this study represents a replication of this earlier work using enriched cohorts and extending the analysis to include cognitive decline.
mean follow up time was @number@ years for african americans and @number@ years for yoruba.
the reasons for these differences remain unclear.
however , currently the majority of studies are cross-sectional and thus not appropriate for evaluating causality.
the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a neighborhood-changing intervention on changes in obesity among older women.
height and weight were measured at clinic visits.
women self-reported demographics , health habits , and chronic conditions , and self-rated their health.
neighborhood socioeconomic status was assessed from census data.
neighborhood walkability and access to green space improved over the 18-year study period.
we observed no association between neighborhood built environment or change in built environment and bmi.
bmi decreases with age reflect increased frailty , especially among older adults with complex morbidities.
higher education helps to overcome the negative consequences of a poor family background.
thus , low family background and low personal education amplify each other.
furthermore , the educational gap in depression diverges with age among individuals originating from a well-off family background.
introduction : the prevalence of nonhealing wounds is predicted to increase due to the growing aging population.
despite the use of novel skin substitutes and wound dressings , poorly vascularized wound niches impair wound repair.
methods : human wj-mscs and normal skin fibroblasts were isolated from donated umbilical cords and normal adult human skin.
fibroblasts were treated with wj-msc-conditioned medium ( wj-msc-cm ) or nonconditioned medium.
conclusions : under our experimental conditions , wj-mscs enhanced skin wound healing in an in vivo mouse model.
objective : data-driven approaches to dietary patterns are under-utilized ; latent class analyses ( lca ) are particularly rare.
design : the @number@ baseline and @number@ follow-up of the cork and kerry diabetes and heart disease study.
diets were assessed with a standard ffq.
setting : republic of ireland.
subjects : men and women aged 50-69 years at baseline ( n @number@ ) and at 10-year follow-up ( n @number@ ) .
results : three dietary classes emerged : western , healthy and low-energy.
significant differences in demographic , lifestyle and health outcomes were associated with class membership.
between baseline and follow-up most people remained ' stable ' in their dietary class.
most of those who changed class moved to the healthy class.
higher education was associated with transition to a healthy diet ; lower education was associated with stability in an unhealthy pattern.
conclusions : lca is useful for exploring dietary patterns transitions.
study sample : audiological data of @number@ @number@ south african mine workers were investigated.
participants were categorized in terms of noise exposure , age , and race.
black males had significantly better high-frequency hearing compared with white male counterparts but significantly worse low-frequency hearing.
conclusion : age was the most important influence on hearing thresholds for the noise and control groups.
race was shown to be a very significant factor determining susceptibility to nihl and arhl.
objective : to compare markers of semen quality and related reproductive indicators in middle-aged males in relation to serum prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) levels.
methods : a total of @number@ voluntary middle-aged men who underwent screening for prostate health were recruited.
reproductive function , semen quality , hormonal parameters , prostate-related pathologies , and psa levels were measured.
results : total sperm count and sperm concentration were decreased in men with elevated serum psa compared with age-matched controls.
serum fsh levels differed significantly in subjects with non-malignant , pre-malignant , and malignant prostate conditions.
psa showed a negative correlation with semen volume and total sperm count , and a positive correlation with semen interleukin-6.
conclusions : our data demonstrate that serum psa levels are related to impaired reproductive parameters in middle-aged subjects.
methods : a total of @number@ children and adolescents aged 8-17 years from two districts of shanghai was selected by using stratified random sampling method.
the information on amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement.
total drinking water was the sum of plain water and beverages.
the obese drank more beverages ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the total drinking water of children and adolescents in shanghai was less.
to establish adequate intake of water , the comprehensive effect of gender , age , bmi and region when should be considered.
the brain has a central role in the regulation of energy stability of the organism.
dental zirconia can no longer be considered un-bondable to tooth tissue.
in literature , an increasing number of papers indeed report on the bonding effectiveness of different luting techniques to zirconia.
we aimed to disclose general trends in bonding to zirconia by systematically collecting zirconia bond-strength data.
a search in pubmed and embase revealed @number@ bond-strength tests reported on in @number@ papers.
a macro-shear bond-strength protocol was most frequently used ; it revealed significantly lower bond strengths and was less discriminative than the other test methods.
regarding luting technique , the combination of mechanical and chemical pre-treatment appeared particularly crucial to obtain durable bonding to zirconia ceramics.
the cement choice was not revealed as a determining factor after aging conditions , as long as composite cement was used.
regarding test protocol , a tensile test appeared more discriminative , particularly when combined with ' water storage ' aging.
the electroencephalogram ( eeg ) of wakefulness , sleep , and anaesthesia changes during childhood.
especially marked are the changes during the first year of life.
in the first months of life , the eeg of anaesthesia is less differentiated , but it is still useful in patient monitoring during anaesthesia.
nesprins are a family of proteins that are primarily known for their localization along the nuclear envelope.
based on their structure and interactions , nesprins integrate the nucleus into the cytoskeleton of a cell.
mutations in nesprins have been identified in a group of human diseases that have been summarized as laminopathies.
cellular functions of the nesprins and recent studies on different cancer types additionally draw interest on nesprins in the field of cancer research.
in mammalian cells , the nuclear lamina is composed of a complex fibrillar network associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope.
the lamina provides mechanical support for the nucleus and functions as the major determinant of its size and shape.
at its innermost aspect it associates with peripheral components of chromatin and thereby contributes to the organization of interphase chromosomes.
these mutations have also been shown to cause a disruption in the normal interactions between the a and b lamin networks.
we also speculate on the involvement of lamins in tumor cell proliferation through the control of ros metabolism.
the spatial and temporal organization of the genome has emerged as an additional level of regulation of nuclear functions.
structural proteins associated with the nuclear envelope play important roles in the organization of the genome.
alterations in lamins function impact dna transactions such as transcription , replication , and repair , as well as epigenetic modifications that change chromatin structure.
tpr is a prominent architectural component of the nuclear pore complex that forms the basket-like structure on the nucleoplasmic side of the pore.
tpr has been since implicated in a variety of nuclear functions , including nuclear transport , chromatin organization , regulation of transcription , and mitosis.
more recently , tpr function has been linked to events including p53 signaling and premature aging in hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) .
the genomes of a wide range of different organisms are non-randomly organized within interphase nuclei.
this repositioning seems to affect gene expression in these cells and may play a role in progression of the disease.
t-type calcium channels are expressed in many diverse tissues , including neuronal , cardiovascular , and endocrine.
aside from their established clinical applications , recent studies have suggested neuroprotective effects of t-type calcium channel blockers.
we review in vitro and in vivo evidence of neuroprotective effects by these t-type calcium channel blockers.
we conclude by discussing possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects by t-type calcium channel blockers.
the combination of mln0128 and tsa induces apoptosis in most breast cancer cell lines tested , but not in the non-malignant mcf-10a mammary epithelial cells.
normal aging and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) cause profound changes in the brain's structure and function.
ad in particular is accompanied by widespread cortical neuronal loss , and loss of connections between brain systems.
this degeneration of neural pathways disrupts the functional coherence of brain activation.
recent innovations in brain imaging have detected characteristic disruptions in functional networks.
we cover studies that employ the three primary methods to analyze functional connectivity seed-based , ica ( independent components analysis ) , and graph theory.
reactive oxygen species and rns productions often are reported to be associated with the development of chronic diseases and acceleration of the aging process.
this brings into question the whole concept of the orally administering of antioxidant molecular species to down-regulate or abrogate an overproduction of free radical activity.
the immune response is essential for keeping an organism healthy and for defending it from different types of pathogens.
it is a complex system that consists of a large number of components performing different functions.
the adequate and controlled interaction between these components is necessary for a robust and strong immune response.
there are , however , many factors that interfere with the way the immune response functions.
stress and ageing now consistently appear in the literature as factors that act upon the immune system in the way that is often damaging.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have successfully identified a number of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with crc risk.
metal implants are often secured to the tibial plateau by a mantle of poly ( methyl methacrylate ) bone cement.
during revision surgery , a power oscillating saw is used to remove bone cement while preparing the boney bed.
presently , there are no published studies on the mechanics of bone cement removal by a sawing process.
the aim of this research was to quantify the effect of blade speed and applied thrust force on the volumetric cutting rate of bone cement.
a custom reciprocating saw with variable stroke length was used to conduct a three-factor design of experiments.
for the parameters considered , increasing the reciprocating speed had the most significant effect on cutting rate.
a cutting rate model was developed by regression analysis of the experimental data and validated through additional experiments.
regardless of prior computer experience , subjects of all age groups were able to perform the tasks without instruction or feedback from an experimenter.
increased motivation and compliance proved to be beneficial for task performance , thereby potentially increasing the validity of the results.
our promising findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.
background : drug is an important part of disease treatment , but medication errors happen frequently and have significant clinical and financial consequences.
the prevalence of prescription medication use among the ambulatory adult population increases with advancing age.
because of the global aging society , outpatients need to improve medication safety more than inpatients.
objective : the elderly with multiple chronic conditions face the complex task of medication management.
to reduce the medication errors for the elder outpatients with chronic diseases , a cloud medication safety supporting system is designed , demonstrated and evaluated.
methods : the proposed system is composed of a three-tier architecture : the front-end tier , the mobile tier and the cloud tier.
results : the result of the system acceptance testing indicates that this developed system , implementing patient-centered services , is highly accepted by the elderly.
conclusion : this proposed m-health system could assist elderly outpatients ' homecare in preventing medication errors and improving their medication safety.
intermittent claudication is a form of exercise intolerance characterized by muscle pain during walking in patients with peripheral artery disease ( pad ) .
we sought to develop an animal model of peripheral vascular insufficiency in which microvascular dysfunction and exercise intolerance were defining features.
we further set out to determine if pharmacological activation of @number@'-amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) might counteract any of these functional deficits.
these changes occur gradually and are associated with alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability.
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive methods ( @number@ ) .
subjects are placed in the supine position and allowed to rest quietly for at least @number@ min prior to the start of the exam.
the proper cuff size is selected and a blood pressure is obtained using an oscillometric device.
once a resting blood pressure has been obtained , pressure waveforms are acquired from the right femoral and right common carotid arteries.
body surface measurements are used to determine the distance traveled by the pulse wave between the two sampling sites.
this distance is then divided by the pulse transit time resulting in the pulse wave velocity.
the measurements are performed in triplicate and the average is used for analysis.
elastin is a long-lived protein and a key component of connective tissues.
the tissular elastin content decreases during chronological aging , and the mechanisms underlying its slow repair are not known.
lipid oxidation products that accumulate in aged tissues may generate protein dysfunction.
specific clusters of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) components impact differentially on arterial stiffness , indexed as pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) .
the aim of the present study was to investigate whether specific clusters of mets are consistently associated with stiffer arteries in different populations.
we studied @number@ subjects from @number@ cohorts representing @number@ different european countries and the us participating in the mare consortium.
pwv measured in each cohort was \ "normalized \ " to account for different acquisition methods.
mets had an overall prevalence of @percent@ ( @number@ subjects ) .
mets accelerated the age-associated increase in pwv levels at any age , and similarly in men and women.
in conclusion , different component clusters of mets showed varying associations with arterial stiffness ( pwv ) .
hippocampal structural integrity is commonly quantified using volumetric measurements derived from brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
previously reported associations with cognitive decline have not been consistent.
we investigate hippocampal integrity using quantitative mri techniques and its association with cognitive abilities in older age.
participants from the lothian birth cohort @number@ underwent brain mri at mean age @number@ years.
coumarin and its derivatives are widely employed as a fragrance in cosmetics and skin care products.
the skin absorption level and possible disruption to the skin by topical application of coumarins were evaluated in this study.
percutaneous absorption of osthole , daphnoretin , coumarin , byakangelicin , and 7-hydroxycoumarin was assessed in vitro and in vivo.
skin physiology measurements and immunoblotting were utilized as methodologies for validating toxicity.
the relationship between structures and permeation / toxicity of coumarins was elucidated.
both equimolar concentration and saturated solubility in @percent@ ethanol were used as the applied dose.
osthole with the most lipophilic characteristic demonstrated the greatest skin accumulation , followed by coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin.
coumarin was the permeant with the highest flux across the skin.
the trend of in vivo deposition was consistent with that of the in vitro profiles.
skin uptake of osthole was 8-fold higher than that of coumarin.
hair follicles played a significant role as a pathway for transport of coumarin according to the examination of follicular accumulation.
osthole and 7-hydroxycoumarin slightly , but significantly , enhanced transepidermal water loss after a consecutive 5-day administration.
the immunoblotting profiling verified the role of proliferation in skin damage induced by osthole , byakangelicin , and 7-hydroxycoumarin.
the proliferation-related proteins examined in this work included glucose-regulated proteins , cytokeratin , and c-myc.
daphnoretin and coumarin showed a negligible alteration on protein biomarkers.
the experimental results suggested that skin irritation caused by coumarins was mainly derived from the analogs but not from coumarin itself.
background : associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter ( pm ) and cardiovascular ( cvd ) mortality have been widely recognized.
however , health effects of long-term exposure to constituents of pm on total cvd mortality have been explored in a single study only.
aims : the aim of this study was to examine the association of pm composition with cardiovascular mortality.
cohort-specific analyses were conducted using cox proportional hazards models with a standardized protocol.
random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate combined effect estimates.
results : the total population consisted of @number@ participants , with @number@ cvd deaths.
we found no statistically significant associations between any of the elemental constituents in pm2.5 or pm10 and cvd mortality in the pooled analysis.
the elderly population is increasing progressively.
telomere shortening and dysfunction results in cellular senescence , an irreversible proliferative arrest that has been suggested to promote organismal aging and disabling age-related diseases.
telomerase activation , therefore , might serve as a viable therapeutic strategy to delay the onset of cellular senescence , tissue dysfunction and organismal decline.
here we analyze the more recent findings in telomerase activation as a potential key modulator for human healthspan and longevity.
the ability to perceive causality is a central human ability constructed from elemental spatial and temporal information present in the environment.
although the nature of causality has captivated philosophers and scientists since antiquity , the neural correlates of causality remain poorly understood.
in both experiments , participants judged causality in billiard-ball style launching events ; a blue ball approaches and contacts a red ball.
spatial and temporal contributions to causal perception were assessed by parametrically varying the spatial linearity and the temporal delays of the movement of the balls.
experiment @number@ demonstrated unique patterns of activation correlated with spatial , temporal , and decision-making components of causality perception.
using tdcs , we then tested hypotheses for the specific roles of the parietal and frontal cortices found in the fmri experiment.
objective : obesity ( as defined by body mass index ) has not been associated consistently with higher mortality in older adults.
however , total body mass includes fat and muscle , which have different metabolic effects.
this study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater muscle mass in older adults is associated with lower all-cause mortality.
individuals who were underweight or died in the first @number@ years of follow-up were excluded to remove frail elders from the sample.
skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance , and muscle mass index was defined as muscle mass divided by height squared.
gephyrin is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein , essential for the clustering of glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid type-a receptors ( gabaars ) at inhibitory synapses.
an impairment of gabaergic synaptic inhibition represents a key pathway of epileptogenesis.
the identified gphn microdeletions involve exons 5-9 ( δ5-9 ) and 2-3 ( δ2-3 ) , both affecting the gephyrin g-domain.
gphn δ2-3 causes a frameshift resulting in a premature stop codon ( p.v22gfs 7 ) leading to haplo-insufficiency of the gene.
autophagy is essential to neuronal homeostasis , and its impairment is implicated in the development of neurodegenerative pathology.
however , the underlying mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon remain a matter of conjecture.
lowering basal autophagy reduces gabs , whereas increasing autophagy decreases mature autolysosomes.
collectively , these data indicate that autophagic gridlock contributes to the development of pathology in aging and neurodegeneration.
the regγ-proteasome serves as a short-cut for the destruction of certain intact mammalian proteins in the absence of ubiquitin- and atp.
the biological roles of the proteasome activator regγ are not completely understood.
consequently , vegf-induced expression of the foxo1 responsive genes , vcam-1 and e-selectin , was tightly controlled by regγ in a pka dependent manner.
functionally , regγ is crucial for the migration of huvecs.
regγ ( - / - ) mice display compromised vegf-instigated neovascularization in cornea and aortic ring models.
implanted matrigel plugs containing vegf in regγ ( - / - ) mice induced fewer capillaries than in regγ ( + / + ) littermates.
identification of the regγ-pka-foxo1 pathway in endothelial cells ( ecs ) provides another potential target for therapeutic intervention in vascular diseases.
background : tremor is a common feature of a variety of neurological disorders.
in clinical settings , the differentiation of et and dystonia may also be very challenging.
we hypothesized that the spiral axis , described below , is a useful screening tool to distinguish et cases from dystonia cases.
methods : we analyzed the hand-drawn spirals of @number@ individuals enrolled in a genetics study at columbia university medical center.
results : there were @number@ et cases and @number@ cases with dystonic tremor.
conclusion : handwritten spirals appear to have a single predominant axis in more et than dystonia cases.
the evaluation of this axis has moderate diagnostic validity as a screening tool to distinguish et cases from those with dystonia.
although this study did not assess the utility of this tool in clinical practice settings , future studies should do so.
if the effect is significant , we aim to clarify the age at which prognosis worsens.
we obtained data on age at diagnosis , primary location , race , stage , sex , radiological treatment status , and surgical treatment status.
kaplan-meier methods were used to calculate the os and dss for each age group.
dss analysis was supported by a simple multivariable cox proportional hazard regression of all significant variables studied.
results : significant disadvantage in os and dss was found with increasing age.
multivariable analysis demonstrated statistically significant increases in hazard ratio ( hr ) after age @number@ when compared to ages 1-64.
conclusion : increasing age after @number@ is associated with worsening os and dss in opscc.
aims : the underlying mechanism of myocardial dysfunction in patients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) is unclear.
we hypothesized that vit-d deficiency in patients with t2dm may contribute to left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction.
methods : we studied @number@ patients ( 62±9years , @percent@ female ) with t2dm.
had any history of coronary artery disease and all underwent detailed transthoracic echocardiography , including speckle tracking derived strains.
plasma level of 25-hydoxyvitamin d ( 25-ohd ) was also measured.
results : vitamin d deficiency was evident in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
both vit-d deficiency and bmi were associated with impaired global lv longitudinal strain , independent of t2dm disease characteristics.
conclusions : in patients with t2dm and no history of coronary artery disease , vit-d deficiency is independently associated with impaired global longitudinal strain.
this suggests that vit-d deficiency may contribute to the development of myocardial dysfunction in these patients.
to unravel a possible different mechanism underlying dilation in bicuspidy and tricuspidy , a comparison of the structure of the aortic wall was made.
attention was also paid to the inflammatory status.
we show for the first time significantly lowered lamin a / c expression in bicuspidy.
progerin was found to be significantly increased in the media of the dilated wall in tricuspidy , also showing increased periaortic inflammation.
in bicuspidy there is a defective smooth muscle cell differentiation possibly linked to lowered lamin a / c expression.
based on this vessel wall immaturity and increased susceptibility to dilation , different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are warranted.
massive orofacial hemorrhage mostly occurs in younger individuals unilaterally and is associated with extensive lefort fractures.
his injury severity score was high ( @number@ ) , but no severe brain injury was sustained.
transarterial embolization ( tae ) was performed to control the intractable hemorrhage.
the patient survived and has an acceptable outcome.
life-threatening hemorrhage of the bilateral ima system occurs even in lefort i fractures.
results indicated that both older and younger adults had poor medication management skills and high rates of mild cognitive impairment.
while older adults performed worse on the medication management test than younger adults , the results were not statistically significant.
cognitive ability was a stronger predictor for older adults than for younger adults.
dna double-strand breaks ( dsbs ) are deleterious lesions that lead to genetic mutations and cell death.
nevertheless , the impact of rnf8-mediated ubiquitination on dna repair remains to be elucidated.
the rapid ubiquitination results in accelerated accumulation of 53bp1 and rap80 at dsbs , which in turn protects dsb ends from resection in otub2-depleted cells.
mechanistically , otub2 suppresses rnf8-mediated l3mbtl1 ubiquitination and lys 63-linked ubiquitin chain formation in a deubiquitinating activity-dependent manner.
thus , otub2 fine-tunes the speed of dsb-induced ubiquitination so that the appropriate dna repair pathway is chosen.
these policies only have mixed effects on women's health related behaviors.
in particular , affected women show a lower probability of being overweight , but also a higher probability of having ever smoked.
recent studies indicate that socioeconomic inequalities in health extend into the elderly population , even within the most highly developed welfare states.
the odds of heavy drinking decrease at lower levels of wealth.
as such , promoting healthier lifestyles among the socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults should help to reduce later life health inequalities.
allopurinol is the most widely used urate-lowering therapy ; however , many gout patients who are prescribed allopurinol do not have urate levels optimally controlled.
the objective of this analysis was to review the efficacy and tolerability of allopurinol up-titration in achieving the eular target levels.
we reviewed pre-randomisation data from the first @number@ recruited and subsequently randomised fast patients.
results : of @number@ patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had urate levels ≥357 µmol / l at screening and required allopurinol up-titration.
higher urate levels were significantly associated with lower allopurinol dose , male sex , increased bmi , increased alcohol intake and diuretic use.
overall , @percent@ of up-titrated patients achieved target urate levels with median final allopurinol dose of @number@ mg daily.
side effects and complications of up-titration were minimal.
conclusion : overall , @percent@ of fast patients were not at target urate levels and required up-titration.
allopurinol up-titration was effective in achieving urate target levels and was generally well tolerated by patients.
objective : we investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the generation of the mismatch negativity ( mmn ) in the ageing brain.
methods : we used dynamic causal modelling ( dcm ) to study connectivity models for healthy young and old subjects.
dcm was implemented using up to five cortical nodes.
we tested models with different hierarchical complexities.
results : we showed that the network generating mmn consisted of @number@ nodes that could modulate all intra- and inter-nodal connections.
furthermore , there was reduced modulation of activity within rifg ( p < 0.02 ) on stimulus change.
significance : this study provides for the first time a neurobiological explanation for the age related changes of the mmn in the ageing brain.
skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and contributes to innumerable aspects of organismal biology.
muscle dysfunction engenders numerous diseases , including diabetes , cachexia , and sarcopenia.
the transcriptional coactivator pgc-1α has emerged as a key driver of metabolic programming in skeletal muscle , both in health and in disease.
we review here the many aspects of pgc-1α function in skeletal muscle , with a focus on recent developments.
subjects were divided into low- and high-fitness groups within each age group according to the median vo2peak value.
common snps ( rs3480 and rs16835198 ) of the fndc5 gene were genotyped with the taqman assay.
glucose metabolism was evaluated by measuring hba1c , fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) , insulin levels , and homa-ir.
results : serum irisin levels were negatively correlated with age ( p < 0.001 ) and not associated with the vo2peak or homa-ir.
the gg genotypes of rs16835198 were associated with increased hba1c and fpg in the low-fitness group only ( p < 0.05 ) .
snps and both fitness groups were not associated with serum irisin levels.
methods : the study population was born in 1959-61 and premorbid iq was assessed with the wais between @number@ and @number@
information on mental disorders was obtained from danish hospital registers with a mean follow-up interval of @number@.1years.
a total of @number@ participants were analysed.
results : those with a mental disorder had a significantly lower mean pre-morbid iq score than those without.
for women , the adjusted iq difference was @number@ points , and for men it was @number@ points.
the interaction between gender and iq was not statistically significant.
associations did not differ noteworthy between verbal and non-verbal iq.
conclusions : pre-morbid iq was found to be significantly associated with the development of mental disorder.
among the three human apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) isoforms , apoe4 increases the risk of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
while transporting cholesterol is a primary function , apoe also regulates amyloid-β ( aβ ) metabolism , aggregation , and deposition.
thus , several factors probably determine the variable effects apoe has on aβ.
the analyses include descriptive statistical data , gender differences and correlation matrices.
the population sample showed a relative satisfaction with their life , as well as a low physical and psychological malaise.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia.
to date , several genes have been identified as the cause of ad , including psen1 , psen2 , and app.
the association between apoe and late-onset ad has also been reported.
we examined @number@ japanese ad patients with positive family histories , and @number@ sporadic patients with early onset ( < 60-year-old ) .
causative mutations were detected in @number@ patients in the familial group ( @percent@ ) .
three patients had a known heterozygous missense mutation in the psen1 gene ( p.h163r ) .
two patients from @number@ family had a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the psen1 gene ( p.f386l ) .
in the early onset group , @number@ patient carrying homozygous apoeε4 had a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the psen2 gene ( p.t421m ) .
approximately @percent@ patients were apoeε4 positive in our study.
this new sequencing technology is useful for detecting genetic variations in familial ad.
micro ( mi ) rnas are regulators of gene expression , which could be involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
we determined the mirna profiles in laser microdissected da neurons from postmortem sporadic pd patients ' brains and age-matched controls.
da neurons had a distinctive mirna signature and a set of mirnas was dysregulated in pd.
blocking of mir-126 function increased igf-1 trophism and neuroprotection to 6-ohda.
these data suggest that a reduction in c9orf72 protein may be a consequence of the disease.
however , this has not been confirmed in asians with ethnicity-specific variants of mapt and lrrk2.
allelic and genotypic frequencies of the @number@ variants were compared between cases and control subjects independently and in combination.
these results provide further evidence supporting the interaction between mapt and lrrk2 genes , which increases the susceptibility to pd in chinese individuals.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder.
presently , there is no causal therapy available to slow down or halt disease progression.
the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein aggregates to form intraneuronal lewy bodies in pd.
in accordance with findings in postmortem pd brains , small oligomeric species occurred and the autophagic flux was impaired in our model.
the phenothiazine neuroleptic trifluoperazine , an activator of macroautophagy , selectively reduced one particular alpha-synuclein species and rescued cells.
inversely , blocking of autophagy led to an accumulation of this oligomeric species and increased cell death.
these data show that activation of autophagy is a promising approach to protect against alpha-synuclein pathology and likely acts by targeting one specific alpha-synuclein species.
objectives : the objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of influenza vaccination against hospitalization and mortality on frail elderly people.
design : the design was a population-based retrospective cohort study.
setting : taiwan's national health insurance claims data.
participants : participants were @number@ frail seniors , followed up for four years.
the efficacy was presented as comparing ever versus never vaccinated people during the entire study period without regard to seasons.
conclusion : influenza vaccination was effective against hospitalization and mortality among the frail elderly.
these results uphold the current universal influenza vaccination policy , and encourage policymakers to adopt strategies to improve vaccination use.
the fecundity of women decreases gradually but significantly beginning approximately at age @number@ years and decreases more rapidly after age @number@ years.
education and enhanced awareness of the effect of age on fertility are essential in counseling the patient who desires pregnancy.
in women older than @number@ years , more immediate evaluation and treatment are warranted.
frailty was defined as a score of ≥3 using fried's 5-point scale.
we measured disability with the katz activities of daily living.
we estimated unadjusted associations between fried's frailty score and incident disability at 1-month and 6-month mortality using cox proportional hazard models.
nine subjects ( @percent@ ) died within @number@ months , and all were frail.
conclusions : frailty can be measured in older icu survivors near hospital discharge and is associated with 6-month mortality in unadjusted analysis.
larger studies to determine if frailty independently predicts outcomes are warranted.
difficulties in the execution of goal-directed behaviours , and particularly their prospective memory component , can arise in ageing and have important consequences for autonomy.
our programme proposes exercises of progressively increasing difficulty that are targeted at daily life situations.
our second objective was to test the programme in small groups of older adults.
two participants with different psychological profiles , who benefited differently from the intervention , are then presented in more detail.
this study tested the hypothesis that part of the age-related decline in performance on executive function tasks is due to a decline in episodic memory.
the neuropsychological predictors consisted of the performance on tests of episodic memory , working memory , switching , inhibition and flexibility.
together , these findings indicate that part of the age-related decline on rule induction tests may be the result of a decline in episodic memory.
further studies are needed that examine the role of episodic memory in other executive function tasks in aging.
age affects cognitive control.
when facing a conflict , older adults are less able to activate goal-relevant information and inhibit irrelevant information.
however , cognitive control also affects the events after a conflict.
the purpose of this study was to determine whether age affects the adjustment of cognitive control following a conflict.
the young adults showed a slowing for all trials following bivalent stimuli.
this indicates a widespread and long-lasting bivalency effect , replicating previous findings.
in contrast , the older adults showed a more specific and shorter-lived slowing.
thus , age affects the adjustment of cognitive control following a conflict.
background : aging and menopause are particular cardiovascular risk factors for women , due to estrogen deprivation at the time of menopause.
methods : a longitudinal population-based study of menopausal status is currently underway in a city in south brazil.
in @number@ a third follow-up of this population was performed to assess cardiovascular risk and mortality rate between @number@ and @number@
for this analysis , @number@ participants were studied.
at baseline , participants had completed a standardized questionnaire including demographic , lifestyle , medical and reproductive characteristics.
multivariate-adjusted hazard risk ( hr ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci95% ) were estimated using cox proportional hazards regression.
survival curves were estimated using the kaplan-meier curve.
results : there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) deaths from all causes during the study period.
seven ( @percent@ ) deaths were caused by cvd , including four cases of stroke and three cases of myocardial infarction.
six ( @percent@ ) deaths were due to cancer , and four ( @percent@ ) were due to other reasons.
conclusion : cvd was an important cause of mortality in this cohort and dm and / or central adiposity were associated with all-cause mortality.
lifestyle and dietary factors seem to be related to risk of mortality in middle-aged women.
objective : physical activity is a key factor for healthy ageing , yet many older people lead a sedentary lifestyle.
traditional physical activity interventions do not consider the specific needs and views of older adults.
results : compared to the ig and cg , positive attitudes towards older adults increased in the igvoa after the intervention.
for igvoa , the indirect intervention effect on change in activity via change in attitudes towards older adults was reliable.
conclusion : a ' within a physical activity intervention affects change in physical activity via change in views on ageing.
views on ageing are a promising intervention technique to be incorporated into future physical activity interventions for older adults.
we investigated @number@ healthy subjects with no history of vertigo or balance disorder and a mean age of @number@ years.
breakdown is as follows.
for the visual stimulus , we used a constant-speed antero-posterior ( a-p ) stimulus btt and a constant-speed lateral btt.
btt analysis involved principal axis analysis , in which the principal axis was the first principal component according to a principal component analysis technique.
the axis tilt in the principal axis direction was assessed by calculating the coordinate y-axis and x-axis tilt.
in the lateral btt , subjects @number@ to @number@ years of age exhibited tracking along the x-axis , with no observable tilt.
elderly persons are more susceptible to rsv-induced pneumonia than young people , but the molecular mechanism underlying this susceptibility is not well understood.
upon infection with mucogenic strains of rsv , leukocyte infiltration in the airways was elevated and prolonged in aged mice compared to young mice.
minitab factorial analysis identified several antiviral genes that are influenced by age , infection , and a combination of both factors.
both kinetics and magnitude of antiviral gene expression were diminished as a result of older age.
in vivo , induction of il-1β and opn were delayed but prolonged in aged mice upon rsv infection compared to young.
their impact in the u.s. general population is however uncertain.
our aim was to estimate the predictive value of four novel cardiovascular risk markers for the u.s. general population.
for each subject , we calculated 10-year cardiovascular risks with and without each risk marker.
event rates adjusted for competing risks were obtained by microsimulation.
we assessed the impact of updated 10-year risk scores by reclassification and c-statistics.
net reclassification improvement was highest after updating 10-year cvd risk with ctcs : @number@ ( 95%ci @number@ @date@ ) .
the c-statistic for 10-year cvd risk increased from @number@ by @number@ ( 95%ci @number@ @date@ ) with ctcs.
improvements with other novel risk markers were limited.
conclusions : only ctcs appeared to have significant incremental predictive value in the u.s. general population , especially in those at intermediate risk.
in future research , cost-effectiveness analyses should be considered for evaluating novel cardiovascular risk assessment strategies.
genomic imprinting is the allele-specific expression of a gene based on parental origin.
in this study oxidative stress , measured by increased nf-κb activity , induces loi in both cancerous and noncancerous human prostate cells.
this icr then develops increased dna methylation.
assays identify a recruitment of the canonical pathway proteins nf-κb p65 and p50 to the ctcf promoter associated with the co-repressor hdac1 explaining gene repression.
an iκbα super-repressor blocks oxidative stress-induced activation of nf-κb and igf2 imprinting is maintained.
in vivo experiments using iκbα mutant mice with continuous nf-κb activation demonstrate increased igf2 loi further confirming a central role for canonical nf-κb signaling.
we conclude ctcf plays a central role in mediating the effects of nf-κb activation that result in altered imprinting both in vitro and in vivo.
this novel finding connects inflammation found in aging prostate tissues with the altered epigenetic landscape.
purpose of the study : this study identified factors associated with canceling nonemergency medical transportation appointments among older adult medicaid patients.
design and methods : data from @number@ trips for @number@ delaware clients were examined.
mediation analyses , as well as , multivariate logistic regressions were conducted.
results : over half of canceled trips were attributed to client reasons ( e.g. , no show , refusal ) .
regularly scheduled trips were less likely to be canceled.
implications : the evolving american health care system may increase service availability.
additional policies can improve service accessibility and overcome utilization barriers.
in addition , cord blood pdcs efficiently cross-presented antigen to cd8 ( + ) t cells.
conclusions : tlr pathway engagement in pdcs is necessary but not sufficient for a successful neonatal th1 outcome.
these diseases are characterized by impaired or altered function at the tissue and cellular level , which is a hallmark of the aging process.
finally , we propose p62 / sqstm1 as a novel target for aging studies and age-extending interventions.
methods : twenty-one adults aged @number@ years and older were randomised into one of two groups.
the evaluation of feasibility comprised training attendance , realised intensity of load , and perceived exertion.
outcome variables included measures of strength and performance-based tests of mobility-related activities.
results : training attendance was @number@ % and the prescribed intensity of load was realised by the participants in the ig.
this complex situation brings along a number of important ethical issues about diagnosis disclosure and end-of-life decisions that need to be addressed.
results : the majority of the sample ( @number@ % ) wanted disclosure for themselves.
women and caregivers were significantly less likely to agree that their hypothetically afflicted relative should be informed of a diagnosis of ad.
the majority of the sample ( @number@ % ) was in favor of advance care planning completion , most of all younger participants and non-caregivers.
less than a third of the sample ( @number@ % ) was aware of the existence a judicially appointed guardian for patients affected by dementia.
the utility of completion of advance care planning and designation of a judicially appointed guardian is frequently endorsed by the sample.
design : we performed a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study of a representative , age-stratified , sample population.
setting : the treviso longeva ( trelong ) study , in treviso , italy.
participants : a total of @number@ men and @number@ women , aged @number@ years and older , still alive after @number@ years of follow-up.
all amt6s levels were creatinine standardized ( [ amt6s ] / [ creatinine ] ) , and the cci was calculated.
melatonin levels were significantly lower in patients reporting insomnia ( p = 0.05 ) .
the cci score was inversely correlated with the levels of melatonin ( p = 0.03 ) .
conclusion : melatonin appears to be a marker of disease state and severity , as well as of sleep disorders , in the elderly.
these early findings would confirm the protective role of melatonin against several chronic diseases.
the benefits of this agent as a possible medication should be more thoroughly clinically tested.
individuals with llds have the same goals of health and wellness as those without disabilities.
collaboration between adult and pediatric practitioners is encouraged to facilitate smooth transitions to health practitioners , including physical therapists.
this perspective article identifies barriers individuals with selected llds experience in accessing health care , including physical therapy.
the endothelin receptor type a ( eta ) antagonist bq123 increased extracellular levels of et-1 in human fetal astroglial cell line ( sv-fhas ) .
the survival and proliferation of rat primary astrocytes , neural precursors , and neurons upon hypoxic conditions were increased upon administration of bq123.
hypoxic injury and aging affected the interaction between the epo and et systems.
the blockade of eta receptor can increase the availability of et-1 to the etb receptor and can potentiate the neuroprotective effects of epo.
the series of articles in this jgim issue provides a number of policy-relevant recommendations for advancing geriatrics research , education and practice.
thus , there may be opportunities to advance this agenda in creative ways.
on the clinical program side , state and federal governments are initiating programs to promote delivery system changes that improve the care of older adults.
general internal medicine research evolves in response to the needs of the patients to whom we provide care.
currently , many studies exclude older adults who deeply affect the clinical care of this population.
with the number of older adults increasing , creating research protocols that include older adults with multiple chronic comorbidities is imperative.
the extent to which these recommendations can create change depends greatly on our researcher colleagues.
we quantified neuromuscular control by examining the movement endpoint accuracy and variability , and the antagonistic muscle activity using surface electromyography ( emg ) .
our results indicate that older adults exhibit impaired endpoint accuracy with both limbs due to greater time variability.
in addition , older adults exhibit greater emg burst and lower emg burst variability as well as lower coactivation of the antagonistic muscles.
these findings indicate that the age-associated impairments in movement control are associated with altered activation of the involved antagonistic muscles.
in addition , independent of age , the neuromuscular control of goal-directed movements is different for the upper and lower limbs.
objective : to investigate the changes in sound localization ability in the horizontal plane after canaloplasty in unilateral congenital aural atresia ( caa ) patients.
study design : prospective interventional study.
setting : tertiary referral center.
patients : twenty-eight patients with unilateral caa were enrolled.
all patients had unilateral conductive hearing loss.
interventions : canaloplasty.
mean correct response rate and mean error degree were calculated for each patient.
the correct lateralization rate to the ipsilesional / contralesional stimuli was also calculated.
results : mean hearing threshold decreased from preoperatively @number@ to @number@ db @number@ months after canaloplasty.
patients with good postoperative hearing ( < 40 dbhl ) showed better sound localization results.
in addition , self-assessment scores of spatial domain in the ssq questionnaire were significantly improved after the operation.
conclusion : sound localization performance improved significantly after canaloplasty.
canaloplasty could provide better localization benefit and subjective improvement in spatial sensation to unilateral caa patients.
pet uses specific molecules labelled with positron-emitting radionuclides to provide valuable biochemical and physiological information.
therefore , radiation dosimety calculations for commonly used positron-emitting radiotracers in the paediatric population are highly desired.
this is achieved using pre-calculated s-values of positron-emitting radionuclides of uf-nci paediatric phantoms and published biokinetic data for various radiotracers.
in the case of ( @number@ ) f-fdg , dosimetry calculations of reference paediatric patients from various dose regimens were also calculated.
the icrp @number@ updated tissue-weighting factors decrease the effective dose in most cases.
substantial differences of radiation dose were observed between direct human- versus mouse-derived biokinetic data.
moreover , the effect of using voxel- versus mird-type models on the calculation of the effective dose was also studied.
this work also contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing patient-specific radiation dose calculation.
as the world's population ages , elderly people are becoming an increasingly important group that merits special attention with regard to health and social issues.
they can also be heavily dependent on exposure earlier in life.
our current state of knowledge is based predominantly on studies conducted among middle-aged adults or young elderly people.
moreover , studies are sparse throughout the entire older age spectrum , from @number@ to @number@ years.
this article summarizes the evidence regarding the impact of lifestyle behaviors on mortality among elderly people.
acral lentiginous melanoma ( alm ) is the most common type of cutaneous melanoma in asian populations.
traditionally , alm was believed to have a poorer prognosis than other subtypes of cutaneous melanoma because of its aggressive behavior.
however , in asians , there have been several unusual case reports that have shown only subtle melanocytic proliferation despite clinically malignant manifestations.
we performed a retrospective study of @number@ patients with alm.
we reviewed the clinical histories , histopathologies , and immunohistochemical staining from these patients.
histopathologically , most specimens revealed only bland scattered proliferation of atypical melanocytes without marked cellular atypia or dermal invasion.
however , some of the lesions were suspected to progress to the invasive stage , into the papillary dermis after a long period of time.
mitochondrial genes including mfn2 are at the center of many diseases , underscoring their potential as a therapeutical target.
the chen group now identified 15-oxospiramilactone as a chemical inhibitor of the mammalian deubiquitylase usp30 , acting on mfn1 and mfn2.
the clinical and translational science awards ( ctsa ) program represents a significant public investment.
the objective is to initiate a unified approach for monitoring progress in improving population health outcomes.
they furthered categorized the projects within the taxonomy by ranking indicators with the greatest representation among projects and by ranking the frequency of specific measures.
the input of community partners will ultimately improve population health.
the usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ( dwi ) in the evaluation of scrotal pathology has recently been reported.
the mean and standard deviation of the adc values of normal testicular parenchyma were calculated for each age group separately.
analysis of variance ( anova ) followed by post hoc analysis ( dunnett t3 ) was used for statistical purposes.
anova revealed differences in mean adc among age groups ( f = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
our findings suggest that adc values of normal testicular tissue increase with advancing age.
cognitive performance is compromised in neurofibromatosis type @number@ ( nf1 ) patients , but neuropsychological data including elderly nf1 are extremely sparse.
nf1 group performed worse than control group on a global cognitive impairment task , verbal working memory , and visuospatial functioning.
the results suggest that cognitive impairment is an important feature of nf1 across lifespan , including elderly individuals.
future studies approaching the nf1 cognitive profile might benefit from looking at the mechanisms linked to the age-related aspects of cognitive decline.
the source of primary data was the regional oral health survey.
the sample was largely a dentate one ( @percent@ ) ; with a mean dmft score of @number@ ( s.d.
@number@ ) and an average number of missing teeth of @number@ ( s.d.
@number@ ) .
dentate participants had @percent@ of their restorative care needs unmet , and @percent@ needed oral hygiene instruction plus removal of calculus on their teeth.
almost @percent@ required complex periodontal therapy.
@percent@ of those fully edentulous were in need of full dentures.
inequities were apparent in the proportion of unmet restorative and prosthetics needs.
community-based preventive care programs specifically tailored to older adults are needed to address this challenge.
concordantly , dna-pkcs inhibition robustly induced apoptosis in msh3-mutant cell lines in vitro and displayed remarkable single-agent efficacy against msh3-mutant tumors in vivo.
thus , we here identify a therapeutically actionable synthetic lethal interaction between msh3 and the non-homologous end joining kinase dna-pkcs.
our observations recommend dna-pkcs inhibition as a therapeutic concept for the treatment of human cancers displaying homologous recombination defects.
blockade of the vasopressin-2 receptor ( @date@ in the kidney has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
the pathophysiologic basis of @date@ -dependent cyst proliferation and disease progression , however , is not fully understood.
recent evidence suggests that polycystic kidney disease is characterized by defects in urinary concentrating mechanisms and subsequent deregulation of vasopressin excretion by the neurohypophysis.
on the cellular level , several recent studies revealed unexpected crosstalk of signaling pathways downstream of @date@ activation in the kidney epithelium.
ethnopharmacological relevance : anemarrhena asphodeloides bunge.
it is also used as an ingredient of healthy food , wine , tea , biological toothpaste.
its importance is demonstrated by large scale to treat kinds of diseases in eastern asian countries.
the aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information about phytochemistry , pharmacology , and toxicology of anemarrhena asphodeloides based on scientific literatures.
it will build up a new foundation for further study on mechanism and development of better therapeutic agent and healthy product from anemarrhena asphodeloides.
the phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of steroidal saponins , flavonoids , phenylpropanoids , alkaloids , steroids , organic acids , anthraquinones , and others.
crude extracts and pure compounds from anemarrhena asphodeloides exhibited significant pharmacological effects on the nervous system and the blood system.
both the extracts and chemical components isolated from the plant showed a wide range of biological activities.
thus more pharmacological mechanisms on main active compounds ( tbii , taiii , mangiferin and other ingredients ) are necessary to be explored.
older adults living alone with dementia are at greater risk of placement in long-term care homes compared with those living with others.
healthcare professionals have vital roles in supporting them to continue living in the community.
yet , little is known about how healthcare professionals fulfill these roles and what their experiences are like.
the study purpose was to describe health care professionals ' experiences of caring for older people with dementia living alone.
using a qualitative descriptive approach and qualitative content analysis method , @number@ healthcare professionals were interviewed in ontario , canada.
walking the tightrope expressed tensions in meeting professional responsibilities.
effects of the emotional struggle involved in working with these older people were lessened by believing i did the right thing.
the reproducibility was evaluated by administering the pase questionnaire during two occasions separated by @number@ days.
construct validity of the pase total score was low in both men ( r = @number@ ) and women ( r = @number@ ) .
there were significant differences in t2 spatial variation between the two groups ( p < 0.05 ) .
the open physis group had longer mean t2 relaxation times at the osteochondral area and articular cartilage than in the central portion.
differences in t2 spatial variation were greatest at the osteochondral junction ( p < 0.05 ) .
there was no statistically significant sex difference in t2 spatial variation in either group.
conclusion : t2 spatial variation is different between skeletally immature and mature patellar cartilage.
this difference is most prominent at the osteochondral junction and likely relates to the presence or absence of ongoing endochondral ossification.
objective : t2 relaxation times on mri are sensitive to the configuration of cartilage collagen and continually increase during aging in adults.
in children , t2 relaxation times increase as a result of cartilage microstructure changes in early inflammatory arthritis.
all subjects underwent @number@.5-t knee mri with t2 mapping.
the mean t2 relaxation time and thickness of the patellar cartilage were documented for each mri examination.
skeletal maturation was determined by physeal patency ( open ; or closed or closing ) on mri.
results : t2 relaxation times and thickness of the patellar cartilage significantly decreased ( p < 0.0001 ) with increasing chronologic age.
t2 relaxation times and cartilage thickness were greater in males than in females ( p < 0.05 ) .
similar to cartilage in adults , cartilage in children gets progressively thinner during skeletal maturation.
redox reactions have been established as major biological players in many cellular signaling pathways.
here we review mechanisms of redox signaling with an emphasis on redox-active signaling endosomes.
signals are transduced by relatively few reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , through very specific redox modifications of numerous proteins and enzymes.
although ros signals are typically associated with cellular injury , these signaling pathways are also critical for maintaining cellular health at homeostasis.
an important component of ros signaling pertains to localization and tightly regulated signal transduction events within discrete microenvironments of the cell.
one major aspect of this specificity is ros compartmentalization within membrane-enclosed organelles such as redoxosomes ( redox-active endosomes ) and the nuclear envelope.
nox-dependent ros signaling pathways can also be self-regulating , with molecular redox sensors that limit the local production of ros required for effective signaling.
ros regulation of the rac-gtpase , a required co-activator of many noxes , is an example of this type of sensor.
we also propose that an alternative concept of termination be considered , one that includes the possibility of post-termination follow-up contacts between patient and analyst.
we detail the advantages for both patient and analyst of this concept , which may be particularly useful for elderly patients.
clinical evidence to support this is presented , including discussion of the successful psychoanalysis of a woman in her seventies.
methods : this cross-sectional study examined @number@ subjects of the kora-age study.
depression was operationalized through the geriatric depression scale ( gds-15 ) and / or use of antidepressants.
logistic-regression models were calculated , sex-stratified , and controlled for age and living status.
glycosylation is the posttranslational coupling of sugar chains to proteins or lipids.
proper glycosylation is essential for normal protein structure , function , and trafficking.
mutations in the glycosylation pathway lead to a phenotypically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders , the congenital disorders of glycosylation ( cdg ) .
ichthyosis is also common in several types of cdg.
alg8-cdg is a severe disorder characterized by dysmorphic features , failure to thrive , protein-losing enteropathy , neurologic and ophthalmologic problems , and developmental delay.
we reviewed the clinical features in all nine previously reported patients diagnosed with alg8-cdg with a special focus on their skin signs.
three of the nine patients had abnormal fat distribution and skin wrinkling.
objective : to test the effect of a 16-week multimodal exercise program on neurocognitive and physical functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) .
design : a single-blinded , parallel-group randomised controlled trial.
settings : university campus and community-based halls.
methods : the intervention group attended a 60-min multimodal class twice each week which included cardiovascular , strength and motor fitness training.
the primary outcome was neurocognitive functioning and secondary outcomes were physical functioning and plasma levels of bdnf.
results : twenty-five participants were randomised to the intervention group and @number@ to the control group.
one control participant withdrew before follow-up data collection.
this rct provides evidence that a multimodal exercise intervention can achieve larger effect sizes than those generally resulting from single modality interventions.
increases in bdnf levels imply neurogenesis may be a component of the mechanism underpinning the cognitive improvements associated with multimodal exercise.
trial registration : australian and new zealand clinical trial registration number : anzctr12612000451808.
a low incidence of dds ( @percent@ ) and short isis ( @percent@ ) was observed among the @number@ mu trains recorded.
the accumulation of crystallin fragments in vivo and their subsequent interaction with crystallins are responsible , in part , for protein aggregation in cataracts.
cataract development was seen at various postnatal days in the majority of mice expressing active aph ( wt-aph ) .
cataract onset and severity of the cataracts correlated with the aph protein levels.
transgenic mice carrying inactive aph ( mt-aph ) did not develop cataract.
nontransgenic mouse lens proteins incubated with purified wt-aph in vitro resulted in a > 20% increase in lmw peptides.
crystallin modifications and cleavage were quite dramatic in transgenic mouse lenses with mature cataract.
affected lenses showed capsule rupture at the posterior pole , with expulsion of the lens nucleus and degenerating fiber cells.
the aph transgenic model we developed will enable in vivo testing of the roles of crystallin fragments in protein aggregation.
motivation : because susceptibility to diseases increases with age , studying aging gains importance.
however , proteins function by interacting with other proteins , and this is exactly what biological networks ( bns ) model.
thus , analyzing the proteins ' bn topologies could contribute to the understanding of aging.
current methods for analyzing systems-level bns deal with their static representations , even though cells are dynamic.
then , we apply sensitive measures of topology to the dynamic bns to study cellular changes with age.
results : while global bn topologies do not significantly change with age , local topologies of a number of genes do.
we predict such genes to be aging-related.
availability and implementation : software executables are available upon request.
indeed , topical agents are the first-line treatment for limited disease.
available data on biological drugs in the elderly are limited.
biologics are associated with a small but significant overall risk of infections.
however , there is no convincing evidence that the relative risk of infection with anti-tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) -α therapy increases with age.
etanercept seems to be well tolerated , possibly because of its lower immunosuppressive characteristics compared with other biologics.
however , studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its safety.
long-lived individuals delay aging and age-related diseases like diabetes , hypertension , and cardiovascular disease.
the exact underlying mechanisms are largely unknown , but enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and preservation of mitochondrial function have been suggested to explain healthy ageing.
we confirmed a negative correlation of mtdna content in blood with age and a higher content in females.
subsequently , we examined in a subset of the study the expression in blood of two genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis , yy1 and pgc-1α.
we found a positive association of yy1 expression and mtdna content in controls.
the observed absence of such an association in the offspring suggests an altered regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in the members of long-lived families.
in conclusion , in this study , we show that mtdna content decreases with age and that low mtdna content is associated with familial longevity.
our data suggest that preservation of mitochondrial function rather than enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis is a characteristic of long-lived families.
a hallmark of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brain is the amyloid β ( aβ ) plaque , which is comprised of aβ peptides.
multiple lines of evidence suggest that aβ oligomers are more toxic than other peptide forms.
we sought to develop a robust assay to quantify oligomers from csf.
antibody @number@ was compared in one-site and competitive elisas for oligomer binding specificity.
a two-site elisa for oligomers was developed using @number@ coupled to a sensitive , bead-based fluorescent platform able to detect single photons of emitted light.
using the assay , a significant 3- to 5-fold increase in aβ oligomers in human ad csf compared with comparably aged controls was demonstrated.
the increase was seen in three separate human cohorts , totaling @number@ ad and @number@ controls.
csf oligomers ranged between @number@ and @number@ pg / ml.
aβ oligomer levels did not strongly associate with age or gender , but had an inverse correlation with mmse score.
methods : systematic reviews were conducted to source age-specific and sex-specific epidemiological data for hip and knee oa prevalence , incidence and mortality risk.
the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic , radiographic and self-reported hip or knee oa were included.
as there are no deaths directly attributed to oa , ylds equate disability-adjusted life years ( dalys ) .
prevalence was higher in females than males.
conclusions : hip and knee oa is one of the leading causes of global disability.
methodological issues within this study make it highly likely that the real burden of oa has been underestimated.
cognitive impairment is an important hallmark of dementia , but deterioration of cognition also occurs frequently in non-demented elderly individuals.
general cognitive function was assessed by the g-factor , which was derived from principal component analysis and captured @number@ % of all variance in cognition.
in conclusion , in non-demented persons of @number@ years and older , general cognition deteriorates with aging.
more specifically , fine motor skill , processing speed and visuospatial ability , but not memory , are affected most by age.
the availability of human stem cells heralds a new era for in vitro cell-based modeling of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
in this review , we focus on the prospective applications of different stem cell types for disease modeling and drug screening.
finally , the limitations of this technology from the standpoint of reprogramming efficiency and therapeutic safety are discussed.
the activity of carotid chemoreceptor is modulated and significantly contributes to the ventilatory acclimatization at high altitude.
this review aims to summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could mediate the augmented chemoreceptor activity induced by intermittent hypoxia.
objective : to characterize the histological and epidemiological features of male lung cancer patients in china.
relative frequencies ( rf ) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared according to the years of diagnosis and birth.
the rf of adc increased from @percent@ in 2000-2004 , @percent@ in 2005-2008 to @percent@ in 2009-2012 in patients born after @number@
the age-adjusted rf of adc in 2007-2012 increased consistently in all the investigated areas.
conclusion : the increased rf of adc in male lung cancer patients highlights the need for further investigation of the etiologic factors of these tumors.
smoke-free policies rather than modifying tobacco products should be enforced.
the fecundity of women decreases gradually but significantly beginning approximately at age @number@ years and decreases more rapidly after age @number@ years.
education and enhanced awareness of the effect of age on fertility are essential in counseling the patient who desires pregnancy.
in women older than @number@ years , more immediate evaluation and treatment are warranted.
here we show that atm affects proper bipolar mitotic spindle structure independently of dna damage.
our evidence indicates that the complex is required for efficient poly ( adp ) ribosylation of numa1.
we find further that a mutant numa1 version , non-phosphorylatable at potential atm-dependent phosphorylation sites , is poorly parylated and induces loss of spindle bipolarity.
our findings may help to explain crucial a-t features and provide further mechanistic rationale for tnks inhibition in cancer therapy.
errors in chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes increase in number with advancing maternal age , and are a major cause of pregnancy loss.
why chromosome segregation errors are more common in oocytes from older females remains poorly understood.
whether attachment errors are responsible for age-related oocyte aneuploidy is unknown.
the profile of mis-attachments exhibited is consistent with the types of chromosome segregation error observed in aged oocytes.
loss of chromosome cohesion , which is a feature of oocytes from older females , causes altered kinetochore geometry in meiosis-i.
however , this has only a minor impact upon mt attachment , indicating that cohesion loss is not the primary cause of aneuploidy in meiosis-i.
our data introduce altered mt-kinetochore interactions as a lesion that explains aneuploidy in meiosis-i in older females.
cell progeny containing inclusion bodies have a longer cell cycle and increased resistance to stress than those with diffuse htt.
using live imaging , we demonstrate that asymmetric division resulting from a cell containing a single inclusion body produces sister cells with different fates.
the cell that receives the inclusion body has decreased proliferation and increased differentiation compared with its sister cell without htt.
objective : osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are the two most common diseases in postmenopausal women.
in most cases , they are simultaneously present in the same individual and commonly lead to bone fracture or cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
bps may also protect against cvd.
a useful approach to independently predicting cvd is brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( bapwv ) .
l-bmd and bapwv were assessed at baseline and 12-month follow-up.
the change in bapwv during the study period showed a significant negative correlation with the change in l-bmd.
conclusions : changes in l-bmd in the monthly minodronate and weekly alendronate groups are generally comparable.
good control of changes in l-bmd in the postmenopausal phase might be associated with regression of cvd.
monthly minodronate is a promising new bp and potential first-line drug for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
in addition , impaired long-term potentiation has been demonstrated in oxys rats by the age of @number@ months.
with age , neurodegenerative changes in the brain of oxys rats become amplified.
the development of amd-like retinopathy in oxys rats is also accompanied by increased accumulation of aβ in the retina.
limited evidence suggests women exhibit a dampened response to contraction-induced muscle damage ( cimd ) .
the purpose of this study was to examine if differences in symptoms of cimd exist when induced in the menstrual cycle follicular or luteal phase.
sixteen resistance exercise trained women between the ages of 18-37 completed @number@ eccentric-biased extension exercises with their nondominant arm.
creatine kinase ( ck ) , elbow joint angles , arm volume , strength , and soreness were measured over @number@ days.
estrogen was higher ( p < @number@ ) in the luteal group.
the high estrogen group ( luteal ) had an overall greater strength decrement and higher ck concentration at @number@ hours.
significant time effects were present for ck , elbow extension , elbow flexion , arm volume , and soreness.
with the exception of strength and ck , signs and symptoms of cimd were independent of menstrual cycle phase.
estrogen concentration in women may have limited effects on symptoms associated with muscle damage , but further research in this area is warranted.
background : vitamin d status is currently diagnosed by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25 ( oh ) d ] .
prediction models for serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations < 50 and < 30 nmol / l were developed by using backward logistic regression.
risk scores were calculated by dividing the individual regression coefficients by the regression coefficient with the lowest β to create simple scores.
the resulting areas under the curve ( aucs ) were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the auc in the external validation data set was @number@ for the < 50-nmol / l model.
these risk scores may be useful in clinical practice to identify persons at risk of vitamin d deficiency.
background : the etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood , partly because of its relative rarity.
although genetic factors are involved , less is known regarding the role of anthropometric and hormonally related risk factors.
all statistical tests were two-sided.
diabetes also emerged as an independent risk factor ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ to @number@ ) .
further investigation should focus on potential roles of endogenous hormones.
the micelles were characterized by static and dynamic light scattering , electron microscopy , and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation.
they all displayed a similar size close to @number@ nm.
the cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of the carriers were examined with or without their load.
acquired memory is initially dependent on the hippocampus ( hpc ) for permanent memory formation.
this hippocampal dependency of memory recall progressively decays with time , a process that is associated with a gradual increase in dependency upon cortical structures.
this process is commonly referred to as systems consolidation theory.
we also review the mechanisms underlying the gradual decay of hpc dependency during systems consolidation from the perspective of memory erasures by adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
finally , we discuss the relationship between systems consolidation and memory precision.
introduction : the developed world has an aging population with an increasing neurosurgical demand.
the benefit of neurosurgical intervention in the octogenarian population and the outcome is unclear.
methods : retrospective case review of @number@ octogenarian admissions to a regional neurosurgical unit from january to @date@ .
admission pathology , co-morbidities , delay to surgery , length of stay , discharge destination , functional outcome and mortality were assessed.
results : there were @number@ elective and @number@ emergency admissions.
of which , @percent@ of elective admissions were for degenerative spine and @percent@ for functional / pain disorders.
also @percent@ of emergency admissions were for cranial trauma.
co-morbidities and asa grade were higher in the emergency group.
peri-operative mortality was @percent@ for elective admission and @percent@ for emergency patients.
outcome following cranial trauma was good in @percent@ of patients.
degenerative spine outcome was good in @percent@ of patients.
all patients with pain / functional pathology had immediate initial improvement but @percent@ had recurrence of pain at @number@ months.
conclusions : patient selection is crucial when considering neurosurgery in the octogenarian population.
logistic regression and multivariate linear regression models were performed.
outcome measures : self-rated health and health-related quality of life measures ( 12-item short form health survey ) were determined.
results : in the cross-sectional baseline data , univariate analyses revealed significant associations between many of the hormones and quality-of-life scores and self-rated health.
in a multivariable analysis , the associations between t , e1 , and calculated free t and self-rated health remained statistically significant.
the findings for e1 and calculated free t were similar.
in the longitudinal data , the only significant relationship was that between e1 and self-rated health.
therefore , serum e1 is a novel potential risk factor for poor self-rated health in older men that warrants further investigation.
introduction : in clinical settings , neuropsychological test performance is traditionally evaluated with total summary scores ( tss ) .
however , recent studies demonstrated that indices of intraindividual variability ( iiv ) yielded unique information complementing tss.
results : higher values of both lost access and gained access at baseline were associated with an increased risk for decline at 18-month follow-up.
further , the iiv indices provided predictive utility above and beyond the tss indices.
conclusion : these results highlight the value of analyzing iiv in addition to tss during neuropsychological evaluation in older adults.
the relationship between neuropathology and clinically manifested functional and cognitive deficits is complex.
clinical observations of individuals with greater neuropathology who function better than some individuals with less neuropathology are common and puzzling.
educational attainment , a proxy for \ "cognitive reserve , \ " may help to explain this apparent contradiction.
the objective of this study is to determine if educational attainment is correlated with cognitive decline , brain lesion volume , and total brain atrophy.
study participants received annual assessments of global cognitive function with the modified mini mental state exam.
one thousand sixty-three participants also received supplemental neurocognitive battery and neuroimaging studies.
magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate total ischemic lesion and brain volumes.
incident cases of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment were centrally adjudicated.
following conversion to dementia / mci , higher education predicted steeper declines in cognitive function ( p < @number@ ) .
thus , higher educational attainment was associated with a delay in diagnosis of dementia / mci in the face of a growing neuropathological load.
along with the decrease of tb people's attentions to tuberculosis has been reducing significantly , including the medical personnel.
unfortunately , however , there have been many hospitals that cannot deal with tb properly.
on the other hand , non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis ( ntm ) is increasing recently , which bothers many physicians or pulmonologists.
now , after @number@ years of jrs foundation , only one in four members of jrs may join to jstb.
in order to support these needs for training about tb , jstb began the certification system for tb and ntm in @number@
more than @number@ certified physicians were born so far.
in addition , the decreased number of jstb members has returned to increase significantly.
nurse and the public health nurse are also the important members of the medical team for tb.
ms. nagata talked about the human resources development of nurse responsible for tuberculosis care.
stressful events can have both short- and long-term effects on the brain.
our recent investigation identified short-term white matter integrity ( wmi ) changes in @number@ subjects soon after the japanese earthquake.
however , the long-term effects on wmi remained unclear.
here , we examined the 1-year wmi changes in @number@ subjects to clarify long-term effects on the wmi.
in this paper we propose a framework for detecting health patterns based on non-wearable sensor sequence similarity and natural language processing ( nlp ) .
the proposed framework utilizes sensor sequence similarity and nlp on ehr nursing comments to automatically notify the physician when health problems are detected.
the reported methodology is inspired by genomic sequence annotation using similarity algorithms such as smith waterman ( sw ) .
the main challenges presented by our framework are finding the most suitable time sequence similarity and aggregation of the retrieved umls concepts.
the hippocampus is vulnerable to age-related changes ranging from gene expression to network connectivity.
the risk of hippocampal deterioration increases with the decline of gonadal hormone supply.
ovariectomy upregulated cd22 and downregulated semaphorin3a ( sema3a ) expression , indicating altered neuronal regulation of microglia.
ovariectomy also led to downregulation of aromatase and upregulation of erα gene.
of note , analogous changes were observed in the hippocampus of postmenopausal women.
in ovariectomized rats , estradiol replacement attenuated iba1 , cd11b , fcgr1a , c3 , increased mannose receptor mrc1 , cd163 and reversed sema3a expression.
in contrast , reduced expression of aromatase was not reversed by estradiol.
these data together indicate that the innate immune system of the aging hippocampus is highly responsive to the gonadal hormone milieu.
the asymmetric distribution of damaged cellular components has been observed in species ranging from fission yeast to humans.
we show analytically that the asymmetric distribution of damaged cellular components reduces the overall damage level and increases the longevity of the cell population.
imposing spatial structure reduces , but does not eliminate , the advantage of asymmetric division over symmetric division.
this paper reviews the development of the auditory p300 across the lifespan.
methodology / principal findings : a systematic review and meta-analysis on the p300 was performed including @number@ studies ( n = @number@ ) .
scopus was searched for studies using healthy subjects and that reported means of p300 latency and amplitude measured at pz and mean age.
these findings were validated in an independent , existing cross-sectional dataset including @number@ participants from ages 6-87.
curve-fitting procedures were applied to obtain a model of p300 development across the lifespan.
in both studies logarithmic gaussian models fitted the latency and amplitude data best.
we found these points of deflection occurred at different ages.
conclusions / significance : it is hypothesized that latency and amplitude index different aspects of brain maturation.
the p300 latency possibly indexes neural speed or brain efficiency.
the p300 amplitude might index neural power or cognitive resources , which increase with maturation.
the hoxb13 gene has been implicated in prostate cancer ( prca ) susceptibility.
a rehabilitation program provided in a short-term residential care setting may help to fill the service gap.
participants : @number@ stroke survivors who completed at least the first follow-up at @number@ months after baseline.
intervention : the intervention group was stroke survivors using self-financed short-term residential care for stroke rehabilitation.
the control group was stroke survivors using the usual care at a public geriatric day hospital.
measurements : assessments were conducted by trained research assistants using structured questionnaires at baseline , @number@ months , and @number@ year after baseline.
the primary outcome measures included modified barthel index score , mini-mental status examination score , and the institutionalization rate.
meanwhile , insignificant between-group difference in rehabilitation outcomes was observed.
the intervention participants had a significantly lower 1-year institutionalization rate ( @percent@ ) than the control group ( @percent@ ) .
furthermore , it had a significantly lower 1-year institutionalization rate.
this type of service could be promoted to prevent institutionalization.
background : although parkinson's disease ( pd ) is clinically characterized by motor symptoms , cognitive impairment is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms.
despite it attracting increasing attention worldwide , less is known about its prevalence in the chinese population.
the objective of this study was to assess cognitive impairment and related risk factors in chinese pd patients.
visuospatial dysfunction and attention / executive impairment predominated.
increased severity of cognitive impairment was associated with greater motor impairment.
patients with psychiatric symptoms , such as depression and hallucinations , were more likely to have dementia.
transmission of pathogens between spatially separated hosts , i.e. , indirect transmission , is a commonly encountered phenomenon important for epidemic pathogen spread.
the routes of indirect transmission often remain untraced , making it difficult to develop control strategies.
here we used a tailor-made design to study indirect transmission experimentally , using two different zoonotic bacteria in broilers.
these results imply that for control of an infectious agent , the time between the distant exposure and the infection event is important.
to illustrate how this can work we analyzed data observed on the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in an intensive care unit.
objectives : to examine the relationships between loneliness , social and health behaviors , health , and mortality among older adults in china.
a cross-lagged model combined with survival analysis was used to assess the relationships between loneliness , behavioral and health outcomes , and risk of mortality.
results : about @percent@ of older chinese adults reported feeling lonely , and lonely adults faced increased risks of dying over the subsequent years.
some of the effect was explained by social and health behaviors , but most of the effect was explained by health outcomes.
discussion : loneliness is part of a constellation of poor social , emotional , and health outcomes for chinese older adults.
interventions to increase the social involvement of lonely individuals may improve well-being and lengthen life.
aging is usually accompanied by a significant reduction in muscle mass and force.
thus , regular physical activity is a good strategy to attenuate age-related general decay of muscle structure and function ( clinicaltrials.gov : nct01679977 ) .
methods : the optimum case definition of ra for the study was the american college of rheumatology @number@ criteria.
a series of systematic reviews were conducted to gather age-sex-specific epidemiological data for ra prevalence , incidence and mortality.
cause-specific mortality data were also included.
the epidemiological data , in addition to disability weights , were used to calculate years of life lived with disability ( ylds ) .
results : the global prevalence of ra was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @percent@ to @percent@ ) , with no discernible change from @number@ to @number@
this increase was due to a growth in population and increase in aging.
conclusions : ra continues to cause modest global disability , with severe consequences in the individuals affected.
exposure to oxidants results in cellular alterations that are implicated in aging and age-associated diseases.
restoration of tβrii and smad3 together , but not separately , reinstates tgf-β signaling and increases ctgf / ccn2 and type i collagen levels.
treatment with the anti-oxidant n-acetylcysteine reduces ros elevation and normalizes tgf-β signaling and target gene expression.
these data reveal a novel linkage between limited oxidant exposure and altered cellular redox homeostasis that results in impairment of tgf-β signaling.
introduction : longevity is commonly associated with good health and with delayed onset of age-related diseases with usually benign course.
leptin ( lep ) significantly affects metabolism and numerous functions of the organism.
treatment with botulinum toxin ( btx ) type a has become increasingly important in various clinical areas in dermatology.
therapy with btx also ranks high in curative dermatology.
injections with btx are the most effective nonoperative therapy for hyperhidrosis.
common indications for the treatment of hyperkinetic lines with btx are presented in this publication.
therapy of glabellar lines , which has received regulatory approval , is presented in detail.
in the second part , treatment of focal hyperhidrosis with emphasis on axillary hyperhidrosis is addressed.
here , we evaluated the relation between emotional state and asymmetry in pfc activity at rest by using near-infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) .
we measured spontaneous oscillation of oxyhemoglobin ( oxy-hb ) concentrations in the bilateral pfc at rest in normal adults employing two-channel nirs.
we investigated the correlation between the lir and anxiety levels evaluated by the state-trait anxiety inventory ( stai ) test.
aging had no significant effect on the relation.
the present results obtained by nirs are consistent with the valence asymmetry hypothesis.
we emphasize nirs may be a useful tool for objective assessment of anxiety levels.
it has been also implicated in various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases , reflecting its relevance in fundamental biological processes.
this review summarizes the progress about wnts function in mature nervous system with a focus on alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we discuss the prospects of modulating canonical and non-canonical wnt signaling as a strategy for neuroprotection.
issues are discussed in relation to maori and pacific development and the importance of prevention and early detection of chronic health conditions.
as for the whole human body , the kidney undergoes age-related changes which translate in an inexorable and progressive decline in renal function.
features of the aging kidney include macroscopic and microscopic changes and important functional adaptations , none of which is pathognomonic of aging.
basic research on neurocognitive aging has traditionally adopted a reductionist approach in the search for the basis of cognitive preservation versus decline.
the consistency of these associations and their relationship to each other are unclear.
fifteen cross-sectional and seven longitudinal studies examining arterial stiffness and cognition were identified.
conclusion : arterial stiffness is associated with cerebral small vessel disease and decreased cognitive function.
bipolar disorder ( bd ) has been conceptualized as both a cyclic and a progressive disorder.
mechanisms involved in neuroprogression in bd remain largely unknown although several non-mutually exclusive models have been proposed as explanatory frameworks.
aging can be understood as a multidimensional process involving physical , neuropsychological , and social changes , which can be highly variable between individuals.
we also present the strengths and limitations of this concept.
degeneration in the neuromuscular system due to aging can affect daily activities that need to be controlled by bimanual coordination with both hands.
however , little is known about the influence of aging on grip strength and bimanual coordination control between hands.
background and aims : physiological aging can lead to an increase in blood pressure ( bp ) over time even in regularly exercising elders.
office bp measurements ( obpm ) might be unable to detect these bp variations.
the aim of this study was to analyze bp changes over @number@ years in active elders using abpm.
methods and results : the study involved @number@ active subjects ≥65 years old who exercised regularly.
the prevalence of hypertension detected by obpm dropped from @percent@ to @percent@.
there was no correlation between bp changes and changes in body composition and ree.
conclusion : bp tends to increase over time in active elders , regardless of changes in body composition or level of physical activity.
what can be expected in normal aging , and where does normal aging stop and pathological neurodegeneration begin ?
we review recent research on changes of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus in aging and the borders between normal aging and ad.
importantly , these regions show high levels of amyloid deposition in ad , and are both structurally and functionally vulnerable early in the disease.
this normalcy-pathology homology is critical to understand , since aging itself is the major risk factor for sporadic ad.
adolescent development encompasses an ostensible paradox in threat processing.
risk taking increases dramatically after the onset of puberty , contributing to a @percent@ increase in mortality.
yet , pubertal maturation is associated with increased reactivity in threat-avoidance systems.
introduction : the progress and determinants of sexual dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly men remain unclear.
aim : to describe the incidence or remission and biopsychosocial predictors of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and low sexual desire ( sd ) .
sociodemographic , lifestyle , and health-related factors were examined in multivariate models of ed and low sd.
results : at baseline , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of men had ed.
ed incidence and remission were observed in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) and @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of eligible men , respectively.
predictors of ed remission were lower age , current employment , and absence of voiding luts , angina , diabetes , and dyslipidemia.
conclusions : sexual dysfunction in aging men is a dynamic disorder whose incidence and remission are predicted by a range of modifiable risk factors.
we report here on the recommendations of the iom report and the implications for the palliative care community.
methods : the iom report is based on a consensus of literature and expert opinion.
the recommendations provide direction for health policy , education , and clinical practice.
the report emphasizes the significance of the aging population and implications for cancer care.
conclusions : quality cancer care depends on the integration of quality palliative care.
dysregulation in the circadian system induced by variants of clock genes has been associated with type @number@ diabetes.
in addition , fixed effects meta-analyses for these interactions were performed.
cohort-specific interaction analyses showed significant interactions between the cry1 variant and dietary carbohydrates for insulin resistance in both populations ( p < @number@ ) .
objectives : e-health services are increasingly offered to provide clients with information and a link to healthcare services.
the use of seven technologies important for e-health services was specifically examined for each subsample and compared between the subsamples.
however , among persons with ad a lower proportion of perceived access to the technology was described , as well as for persons with mci.
adolescent and young adult medicine is a concept that has gained traction in the last decade or so.
the medical literature has come primarily from oncology.
on balance , there is a strong case for managing the health issues of adolescents and young adults together.
this scenario does not fit easily with the age demarcations that are in place in acute care facilities.
however , this is less the case in community services and can work in focused private practice.
such a situation suggests that both paediatric and adult physicians might be interested in adolescent and young adult medicine training and practice.
with the shifting age demographics of the u.s. population , more psychologists will be asked to provide clinical services to older adults.
finally , we discuss special issues affecting pain management in older adults , including dementia , polypharmacy , and barriers to accessing adequate pain care.
this review also highlights a need for greater provider training in pain management to meet the needs of a changing u.s. population.
people's knowledge that they will change age groups over time likely makes relations between age groups function differently from relations between racial or gender groups.
we found that age group identification was a good predictor of responses to status threat , particularly among young adults.
disabilities in the instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) are frequently observed in older adults.
however , this association was non significant after controlling for cognitive variables.
very few studies have used longitudinal data to examine whether age variations in the sense of control are due to ageing effects or cohort differences.
are there factors that accelerate the decline or slow it ?
only those @number@ and older experienced a significant decline over the next @number@ years.
physical health and agentive orientation at baseline can impede or accelerate decline in the sense of control.
applying this model , the current study examined proximal and distal variables associated with positive and negative affect in oldest-old adults , investigating age differences.
methods : data from @number@ octogenarians and centenarians who participated in phase iii of the georgia centenarian study were used.
analysis of variance and block-wise regression analyses were conducted.
results : octogenarians showed significantly higher levels of positive emotion than centenarians.
mechanisms connecting aging processes at the end of a long life to subjective well-being should be explored in future studies.
sirt7 belongs to the sirtuin family of nad-dependent enzymes , the members of which play diverse roles in aging , metabolism , and disease biology.
through h3k18 deacetylation at specific promoters , sirt7 controls a tumor-suppressive gene expression program that stabilizes the transformed state of cancer cells.
remarkably , inactivation of sirt7 can reverse the transformed phenotype of cancer cells and reduce their tumorigenicity in vivo.
these findings place sirt7 at the crossroads of chromatin signaling , metabolic , and tumor-regulatory pathways.
thus , sirt7 is a promising pharmacologic target for epigenetic cancer therapy.
the development of sirt7 modulators may allow new therapeutic strategies that control tumor progression by reprogramming the chromatin landscape and biosynthetic machinery of cancer cells.
however , aβ peptides ' functions are not fully understood and seem to be highly pleiotropic.
enrichment-pathway analyses revealed canonical pathways mainly involved in neuronal functions , for example , axonal guidance signaling.
no exclusion criteria , other than the reported presence of a congenital color defect , were applied.
testing was binocular with habitual near correction.
if any error was made on this test , the farnsworth d-15 was administered under identical conditions.
results : the majority ( @percent@ ) of the people tested passed both tests.
for the sample as a whole , the failure rates of the adams desaturated d-15 and the farnsworth d-15 were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
as expected , for both tests , failure rate increased markedly with age.
the vast majority of those failing either or both tests had blue-yellow defects , in agreement with previous studies.
conclusions : blue-yellow defects were quite common among the aged , becoming increasingly prevalent with increasing age.
the agreement between the two tests in identifying acquired red-green and blue-yellow errors was high.
enthesopathies are frequently found in rheumatic inflammatory diseases , but can be observed also in absence of systemic inflammation.
aging , overuse , and microtraumas can be responsible for enthesis-degenerative phenomena.
despite that achilles enthesis is the more frequently affected , no systematic study on the risk factors associated to this enthesopathy has been yet performed.
the aim of this paper was to assess whether the metabolic syndrome could be associated to entheseal lesions.
forty-five subjects with symptomatic non-inflammatory achilles enthesopathy were compared to @number@ asymptomatic controls.
on the basis of history , comorbidities ( osteoarthritis , diabetes , and hypertension ) were recorded.
in each subject , body mass index ( bmi ) , glucose , total , and hdl cholesterol were also evaluated.
higher values of bmi and glucose were found in subjects with symptomatic enthesopathy.
at multiple logistic regression analysis , the presence of high values of bmi and glucose was related to a higher probability to detect entheseal lesions.
therefore , subjects with metabolic syndrome practicing sports and other activities stressing the achilles tendon should receive advice for more frequent controls.
methods : human dental pulp cells were isolated , cultured as usual , and used from the 4 ( th ) passage.
the cells were divided into the activated group and the negative control group.
the negative control group cells received no treatment.
the cell activity was detected with mtt assay.
( @number@ ) the expression changes of senescence related genes were verified using rt-qpcr.
the difference between the negative control group and the activated group was analyzed using student's t test.
compared with the negative control group , the aging cells of the activated group appeared relatively late.
in the 8 ( th ) and 10 ( th ) passage , the cell activity increased.
conclusion : jagged1 could activate notch signaling pathway effectively.
one of the most prominent features of cachexia is the loss of muscle mass , mainly because of increased protein degradation rates.
this review is aimed at discussing the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cachexia.
recent findings : modulations of muscle mass in the adult reflect an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation rates.
muscle depletion in cachexia is associated with increased protein breakdown , mainly involving the pathways dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomes.
this latter , in particular , was considered not relevant for a long time.
video abstract : @url@
aging-the progressive decline of biological functions-is a universal fact of life.
to better understand the aging process , we must first aim to integrate quantitative biological understanding on the systems and cellular levels.
addressing these challenges requires the development of high-throughput aging and longevity assays.
in this review , we highlight the emergence of high-throughput aging approaches in the most commonly used model organisms.
we conclude with a discussion of the critical questions that can be addressed with these new methods.
the contrast between gray and white matter in mri is critical for accurately measuring cortical thickness.
this study examined the gwir and its influence on cortical thickness in normal aging , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , and ad.
the ability for gwir to discriminate between these groups was assessed on its own and as an adjustment factor for cortical thickness.
minimal age- and ad-related changes in gwir were observed.
gwir was not able to differentiate between normal aging , mci , and ad.
reduced shear stress and augmented oscillatory shear rate are associated with the proatherogenic phenotype observed with aging.
to date , mechanisms contributing to the age-related alterations in shear rate in humans have only been examined in the conduit vessels of the arm.
this reduced mean shear in the old was driven by attenuated antegrade shear as there were no differences in retrograde shear.
inhibition of nos reduced antegrade shear in the young such that age-related differences were abolished.
in contrast , nos-induced reductions in retrograde shear rate were similar between groups.
the seated position reduced mean shear rate in the young to that normally observed in old.
polygonum multiflorum is a traditional korean medicine that has been utilized widely in east asian countries as a longevity agent.
clinical studies have demonstrated that polygonum multiflorum improves hypercholesterolemia , coronary heart disease , neurosis and other diseases commonly associated with aging.
however , scientific evidence defining the protective effects and mechanisms of polygonum multiflorum against ischemic stroke is incomplete.
in the present study , we investigated the cerebrovascular protective effects of polygonum multiflorum against ischemic brain injury using an in vivo photothrombotic mouse model.
to examine the underlying mechanism of action , we utilized an in vitro human brain microvascular endothelial cell ( hbmec ) culture system.
focal cerebral ischemia was induced in c57bl / 6j mice and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout ( enos ko ) mice by photothrombotic cortical occlusion.
we evaluated the infarct volume , as well as neurological and motor function , @number@ h after ischemic brain injury.
following ischemic insult , hepm induced a significant reduction in infarct volume and subsequent neurological deficits , compared with eaepm and mepm.
in this study , we set out to determine the prevalence and impact of shoulder symptoms and dysfunction in an older adult veteran population.
methods : a chart review , cross-sectional survey , and examination were performed.
patients were asked about shoulder symptoms and self-assessed health and completed the stanford modified health assessment questionnaire.
a series of @number@ shoulder maneuvers was used to assess shoulder mobility and pain.
the presence of diabetes and statin use was documented.
a more thorough chart review was performed on individuals who reported shoulder pain and disability.
results : severe shoulder pain was common in the study group , reported by @percent@ of all participants.
symptoms were often bilateral.
no statistically significant risk factors emerged in this small sample , but suggestive trends were apparent.
conclusions : with an aging population , the high prevalence of shoulder pain may have considerable impact on public health.
it will become increasingly important to define risk factors , delineate etiologies , and devise new management strategies for patients with symptomatic shoulder disease.
we evaluated the contributions of various polyglutamine ( polyq ) disease genes to parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
we also analyzed the possibility of genetic interactions between atxn1 and atxn2 , atxn2 and atxn3 , and atxn2 and cacna1a.
these patients showed typical l-dopa-responsive pd phenotypes.
conversely , no significant differences in polyq repeat lengths were found between the adpd patients and the controls for the other @number@ genes.
our results may support the hypothesis that atxn2 polyq expansion is a specific predisposing factor for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
the development of reward-related neural systems , from adolescence through adulthood , has received much recent attention in the developmental neuroimaging literature.
however , few studies have investigated behavioral and neural responses to both gains and losses in pre-pubertal child populations.
age differences in behavioral and neural responses to candy gains / losses were investigated.
the apoe gene is associated with the risk of alzheimer or cardiovascular disease but its influence on exceptional longevity ( el ) is uncertain.
our primary purpose was to determine , using a case-control design , if the apoe gene is associated with el.
our main findings were twofold.
notwithstanding the limitations of case-control designs , our data suggest that the apoe might be a candidate to influence el.
the ε4-allele appears to decrease the likelihood of reaching el among individuals of different ethnic / geographic origins.
an additional , novel finding of our study was that the ε2-allele might favor el , at least in the italian and japanese cohorts.
objective : aging is associated with a loss of cognitive performance and an increasing occurrence of cardiovascular events.
moreover , cardiovascular risk factors are linked to cognitive impairment and dementia.
the present study aims to assess the relationship between met s and its components and cognitive functioning in a cohort of elderly non-demented community residents.
design : population-based cohort study ( proof study ) .
cross-sectional analysis.
participants : dementia-free community-dwellers aged @number@
measures : the proof participants underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline.
conclusions : our study showed that in a sample of elderly community dwellers , met s was associated with poor memory and executive performance.
these results underline the importance of detecting and managing metabolic syndrome components to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia.
here we investigated local structural differences in the hippocampi and amygdalae of elderly schizophrenia patients compared with healthy elderly subjects.
we also related these differences to clinical symptom severity.
the radial atrophy mapping technique was used to reconstruct the 3d shape of the amygdala and the hippocampus.
results : significant tissue reduction was observed bilaterally in the amygdala and hippocampus of schizophrenia patients.
the amygdalar nucleus showed the greatest involvement , with over @percent@ local tissue reduction.
the centro-medial , cortical , and lateral nuclei were also atrophic in patients.
in the left amygdala and hippocampus , local tissue volumes were significantly correlated with negative symptoms.
conclusions : tissue loss and altered morphology were found in elderly schizophrenia patients.
tissue loss mapped to amygdalo-hippocampal subregions known to have bidirectional and specific connections with frontal cortical and limbic structures and was related to clinical severity.
singapore faces a rapidly aging population.
by @number@ @percent@ of her population will be aged @number@ years and above.
other asian countries face similar problems , with south korea having the fastest aging population worldwide , followed by china and thailand.
with singapore possessing an advanced aging population , its policy provides a useful case study of eldercare to cater to evolving population demographics.
background : frailty renders older individuals more prone to adverse health outcomes.
little has been reported about the transitions between the different frailty states.
we attempted to examine the rate of these transitions and their associated factors.
methods : we recruited @number@ chinese community-living adults @number@ years or older.
frailty status was classified according to the fried criteria in @number@ visits @number@ years apart.
demographic data , medical conditions , hospitalizations , and cognition were recorded.
rates of transitions and associated factors were studied.
results : at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) men and @number@ ( @percent@ ) women were prefrail.
among these , @percent@ men and @percent@ women improved after @number@ years ; @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women worsened.
more men than women ( p < @number@ ) deteriorated into frailty.
hospitalizations , older age , previous stroke , lower cognition , and osteoarthritis were risk factors for decline among prefrail participants.
having diabetes was associated with @percent@ lower chance of improvement in women.
among the robust , older age and previous cancer , hospitalizations , chronic lung diseases , and stroke were risk factors for worsening.
higher socioeconomic status was protective.
previous stroke reduced the chance of improvement by @percent@ in frail men.
only younger age was associated with improvement in frail women.
conclusion : women were less likely to decline in frailty status than men.
hospitalizations , older age , previous stroke , lower cognitive function , diabetes , and osteoarthritis were associated with worsening or less improvement.
mortality deceleration was observed for many invertebrate species , but the evidence for mammals is controversial.
pin1 catalyzes the flip between two distinct orientations , called cis and trans , around the proline bond.
this change in shape has profound effects on protein function and is a major signaling mechanism in the cell.
in the brains of people with ad , pin1 is absent or inactivated and cis tau is accumulated at early stages of ad.
in the absence of pin1 , app is processed into toxic beta-amyloid and tau becomes misshapen to form tangles.
as a result , pin1-deficient mice develop age-dependent tau and aβ pathologies and neuronal degeneration and loss.
thus , regulation of protein conformation by pin1 has a critical neuroprotective role and offers a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for ad.
with an aging population , degenerative musculoskeletal conditions will become more prevalent with significantly increasing costs to society over the next several decades.
the majority of these conditions are diagnosed radiographically , at which point the disease process is often more advanced and challenging to treat.
personalized medicine involves formulating treatments based on a patient's own biology.
the development of biological markers ( biomarkers ) pertaining to disease is a rapidly growing area within this field of medicine.
the present article is a review of the development of biomarkers for these purposes specifically as they pertain to degenerative musculoskeletal conditions.
methods : the samples were selected by random cluster multistage method.
conclusions : the prevalence of major crfs of ≥ @number@ yrs resident from beijing communities are higher than the average level of china.
the risk is higher while the number of borderline and major crfs much more.
potential patients were identified via aaa surveillance lists and vascular clinics and invited to participate in the study.
upon completion of baseline assessments , patients were randomly allocated 1 : 1 to exercise or usual care.
between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ patients were identified.
the response rate to postal invitation was @percent@ ( 445 / 545 ) , with @number@ patients responding as \ "interested. \ "
only @number@ of these patients were eligible and recruited ( @percent@ of recruitment target ) , yielding an overall recruitment rate of @percent@.
however , the estimated recruitment rate among eligible patients was @percent@.
twenty-five patients ( @percent@ ) completed the study , and compliance to the exercise program was @percent@.
participants attending the focus group session indicated that the exercise program was manageable , beneficial , and enjoyable.
the feasibility of supervised exercise training in individuals with small aaa remains unclear.
our study revealed a poorer than expected recruitment rate , but good compliance to , and feedback for , the exercise intervention.
we present potential explanations for these findings and suggestions for future trials involving similar populations.
background : loss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people.
the objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement.
vertical allometry was initially reported for diazepam based on a 33-fold higher human predicted clearance than the observed human clearance.
in recent years , it has been found that many other drugs besides diazepam , can be classified as drugs which exhibit vertical allometry.
over the years , many questions regarding vertical allometry have been raised.
this report attempts to answer the aforementioned questions.
vascular calcification is common in aging and also in a number of genetic and metabolic disorders.
to completely understand the pathophysiology of these lifethreatening diseases , it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular calcification.
unveiling these mechanisms will eventually identify new therapeutic targets and also improve the management of the associated complications.
furthermore , trt led to a significant increase in iief-5 score and a significant decrease in ipss score.
conclusion : these findings suggest that trt is an effective and safe treatment for aging japanese men with loh.
trt improved depressive symptoms as well as health-related quality of life.
participants completed phone interviews within a week after the election and after a 10-month delay.
after the delay period , details about the election were better remembered by all participants than a less emotionally arousing comparison event.
objectives : this study examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between felt age and cognitive-affective symptom dimensions of depression in late life.
method : data for this study came from two interview waves ( t1 and t2 ) of the national health and aging trend study.
sample persons ( n = @number@ ) who resided in their own or another's home at t1 were included.
at t2 ( one year later ) , @number@ of the original @number@ were interviewed and depressive symptom data were available for @number@ sample persons.
the associations between felt age and depressive symptoms were analyzed using stepwise linear regression analyses.
objectives : chronic renal failure is very common , affecting 30%-40% of community-dwelling elderly.
method : this is a four-year retrospective cohort and nested case-control study at a canadian tertiary-care hospital using data from @date@ to @date@ .
we compared @number@ geriatric psychiatry outpatients and @number@ psychotropic-naïve family medicine controls aged ≥65.
our main continuous measure of renal outcome was change in estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) .
conclusion : geriatric psychiatry patients are at a greater risk for clinically important decreases of renal function than similarly aged controls.
however , in the majority of older adults who have normal kidney function , lithium use appears to be safe.
this raises the question of how early memories can be so influential if they cannot be recalled.
this review presents one potential solution to this paradox by considering what happens to an early memory after it has been forgotten.
specifically , we describe evidence showing that these forgotten early-acquired memories have not permanently decayed from storage.
heat shock protein @number@ ( hsp70 ) protects cells from accumulating damaged proteins and age-related functional decline.
changes in skm hsp70 inversely correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment trajectories such that a positive change in skm level was beneficial.
the strength of the relationship between changes in skm hsp70 and insulin remained unchanged after adjustment for all covariates.
younger monkeys drove these relationships , with hsp70 alone being predictive of insulin changes with aging.
plasma and skm hsp70 were unrelated and hsp70 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively associated with insulin concentrations in contrast to skm.
results from aged humans confirmed this positive association of plasma hsp70 and insulin.
in conclusion , higher levels of skm hsp70 protect against insulin resistance development during healthy aging.
methods : we refined an existing method to impute unmedicated bp in individuals on antihypertensives by incorporating new treatment trends.
the imputations did not significantly affect estimated heritability of bp.
retest correlations over time were very high for both manual and freesurfer segmentations.
freesurfer yielded higher volume estimates than manual segmentation , particularly in the younger age group.
age differences in hippocampal volumes were significant with freesurfer , but not with manual tracing.
we conclude that freesurfer constitutes a feasible method to assess differences in hippocampal volume in young adults.
in contrast , no association was found with gh-secreting pituitary tumors alone or with the sporadic counterpart of men2-component neoplasias.
however , the genotypic effects in genetic and in vitro approaches were divergent.
pituitary tumors are one of the major clinical components of syndromes associated with the p27 pathogenic mutations menx and men4.
one of the most common sensory impairments of elderly people is hearing loss.
glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide.
hearing and vision loss typically increase with older age.
there is scientific evidence that the coincidence of hearing and vision loss is more frequent than expected by the prevalence of individual disorders.
therefore , it is of particular importance to diagnose and to treat hearing and vision loss ( dual sensory loss ) as early as possible.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) has been described as an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia.
relative power values were calculated and compared among groups.
subsequently , relative power values were correlated with neuropsychological tests scores and hippocampal volumes.
more importantly , clear differences emerged from the comparison between the two amnestic mci subtypes.
the a-md-mci group showed a significant power increase within delta and theta ranges and reduced relative power within alpha and beta ranges.
these results suggest that a-md-mci patients are characterized by a brain activity profile that is closer to that observed in alzheimer disease.
therefore , it might be hypothesized that the likelihood of conversion to dementia would be higher within this subtype.
the ability to maintain balance deteriorates with increasing age.
anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments ( apas and cpas , respectively ) , both , are known to be affected in the elderly.
ten elderly individuals were exposed to external predictable and unpredictable perturbations applied to the upper body in the sagittal plane.
body kinematics , electromyographic activity of @number@ muscles , and ground reaction forces were analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control.
the elderly were capable of recognizing an upcoming predictable perturbation and activated muscles prior to it.
however , the older adults used different muscle strategies and sequence of muscle recruitment than that reported in young adults.
as opposed to this , when the perturbations were predictable , apas were seen in older adults resulting in significantly smaller cpas.
using apas in older adults significantly reduces the need for large cpas , resulting in greater postural stability following a perturbation.
the results provide a foundation for investigating the role of training in improving the interplay between anticipatory and compensatory postural control in older adults.
ageing is the greatest challenge that health-care systems will have to deal with this century.
dysfunction of the immune system with advancing age is of crucial importance to the development of disability in later life and finally death.
these advances in fundamental understanding both allow better clarification of the potential cross-system dysregulation that occurs in ageing and open new avenues for intervention.
we used complex network measures , derived from a brain-wide graph , to provide a comprehensive overview of age-related changes in functional connectivity.
functional connectivity in young and older participants was assessed during resting-state fmri.
brain networks in the elderly showed decreased modularity ( less distinct functional networks ) and decreased local efficiency.
connectivity decreased with age within networks supporting higher level cognitive functions , that is , within the default mode , cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal control networks.
conversely , no changes in connectivity within the somatomotor and visual networks , networks implicated in primary information processing , were observed.
connectivity between these networks even increased with age.
a brain-wide analysis approach of functional connectivity in the aging brain thus seems fundamental in understanding how age affects integration of information.
the incidence of skin cancer among u.s. hispanics increased @percent@ annually from @number@ to @number@
however , little research has focused on skin cancer prevention among the rapidly growing hispanic population.
participants completed an english- or spanish-language online survey in @date@ .
the outcomes of focus were sunscreen use , shade seeking , and use of sun protective clothing.
a number of additional statistically significant associations were identified in bivariate correlation analyses.
this study informs the potential content of interventions to promote engagement in sun protection behaviors among u.s. hispanics.
there has been controversy as to whether there is an underlying neurodegenerative process of the cerebellum in essential tremor ( et ) .
the aim of this study was to examine whether et is associated with purkinje cell ( pc ) loss.
pc linear density of the cerebellar hemisphere was calculated in a blinded manner.
there were @number@ et cases and @number@ age-matched controls free of dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders included in the study.
pc counts were not associated with tremor duration ( r = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
these data demonstrate that et is not associated with cerebellar pc loss.
attrition and wear of tooth surface occur with aging and result in loss of enamel , with exposure and histological changes in dentin.
dealing with attrited teeth and restoration of the lost tissue are clinically challenging.
naturally attrited , extracted human teeth with occlusal-transparent dentin were investigated in comparison to sound and carious teeth.
the teeth were subjected to oct imaging and then cross-sectioned and polished.
oct b-scans were compared to light microscopy images of the same cross section.
in oct images , some changes were evident at the transparent dentin in attrited teeth.
an oct attenuation coefficient parameter ( μ t ) was derived based on the beer-lambert law as a function of backscatter signal slope.
one-way anova with tukey's post-hoc showed a significant difference between groups ( p < @number@ ) .
physiological changes in transparent dentin that involve deposition of mineral casts in the dentinal tubules lead to lower attenuation of oct signal.
sarcopenia is a relatively new concept in the medical literature , initially intended to describe the loss of lean body mass that occurs with aging.
more recently , sarcopenia has been described in various forms of chronic disease , including patients with end-stage organ disease awaiting transplantation.
this article reviews the current understanding of the prevalence and clinical significance of sarcopenia in transplant patients and highlights important areas of future research.
carcinomas were reduced by @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
tumours showed pronounced age-related expression in untreated animals older than @number@ days.
benefits of treatment only emerged in these later ages , suggesting that the supplement acted on mechanisms common to aging and cancer.
the supplement was administered daily on bagel bits that were usually eaten within minutes by the mice.
although longevity was not statistically different between treatments , longevity was strongly related to the compliance of mice in eating the supplement.
a group-based trajectory model identifies common trajectories.
shorter term transition probabilities that underlie multiperiod trajectories are examined.
multinomial regression associates risk factors with trajectory group membership.
results : best fitting the data is a model with @number@ groups characterized as early , mid , and late onset of limitation.
roughly half the population follows the trajectory of mid onset and a quarter each of the other @number@
females and those least educated are most likely to belong to the early-onset group.
the living environment plays a key role in the \ "aging in place \ " strategy.
we studied the influence of the built environment on the health status of elderly people living in brussels.
we concluded that evidence of such an association is weak and vulnerable to the composition of the neighbourhood.
large side asymmetries in bone strength were found in veteran players , which were more pronounced in men , younger players and childhood starters.
the non-racquet arm can act as an internal control for the exercising racquet arm without confounding factors , e.g. genotype.
therefore , veteran tennis player side asymmetries were examined to investigate age , sex and starting age effects on bone exercise benefits.
thirty-two players began playing in adulthood , thereby termed ' old starters' ; players were otherwise termed ' young starters'.
conclusions : tennis participation is associated with large side asymmetries in muscle and bone strength in old age.
larger relative side asymmetries in men , younger players and young starters suggest a greater potential for exercise benefits to bone in these groups.
personality traits of the yoga trainees were also investigated.
the corticospinal tract , a major neural tract in the human brain for motor function , is concerned mainly with movement of the distal extremities.
preservation or recovery of the corticospinal tract is essential for good recovery of impaired motor function in patients with brain injury.
therefore , thorough and precise knowledge of the corticospinal tract is necessary for successful brain rehabilitation.
many studies have reviewed the corticospinal tract ; however , review articles from the rehabilitative viewpoint are lacking.
an unbiased screen for compounds that block amyloid-β protein precursor ( aβpp ) caspase cleavage identified addn-1351 , which reduced aβpp-c31 by @percent@.
target identification studies showed that addn-1351 is a trka inhibitor , and , in complementary studies , trka overexpression increased aβpp-c31 and cell death.
trka was shown to interact with aβpp and suppress aβpp-mediated transcriptional activation.
moreover , treatment of pdapp transgenic mice with the known trka inhibitor gw441756 increased saβppα and the saβppα to aβ ratio.
the results also suggest that one component of an optimal therapy for alzheimer's disease may be a trka inhibitor.
in three experiments , we used event-related brain potentials ( erps ) to examine influences of fluency on source memory for famous names.
at test , names were presented visually throughout , whereas visual or auditory presentation was used at learning.
in experiment @number@ source decisions following old / new judgments were more accurate for repeated relative to non-repeated visually and auditorily learned names.
in experiment @number@ we omitted the old / new decision to more directly test fast-acting fluency effects on source memory.
we observed more accurate source judgments for repeated versus non-repeated visually learned names , but no such effect for repeated versus non-repeated auditorily learned names.
again , an n400 effect ( 300-600 ms ) differentiated between visually and auditorily learned names.
importantly , this effect occurred for correct source decisions only.
we interpret it as indexing fluency arising from within-modality priming of visually learned names at test.
in sum , our findings suggest that fluency affects person-related source memory via within-modality repetition priming in both younger and older adults.
all isolates were inhibited by ib-367 at concentrations of 4-64 mg / l.
synergy was demonstrated when ib-367 was combined with colistin or imipenem.
design : prospective , observational study.
a custom-developed laser ray tracing aberrometer was used to measure the optical aberrations.
the monochromatic wave aberrations were described using a sixth-order zernike polynomial expansion.
measurements were obtained under dilated and natural viewing conditions ( for accommodative efforts ranging from @number@ to @number@ diopters [ d ] ) .
depth of focus was estimated from through-focus objective optical quality.
results : wave aberration measurements were highly reproducible.
the coma root mean square also was higher ( p < @number@ ) in the crystalens group than in the young group.
depth of focus was statistically significantly higher in the crystalens eyes than in the control groups.
pseudoaccommodation from increased depth of focus may contribute to near vision functionality in crystalens-implanted patients.
estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology , aging and many disease states.
early life stress ( els ) poses a risk for mental disorders and aging-related diseases.
accelerated biological aging , reflected in shorter leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) , may underlie these risks.
we examined whether objectively recorded els and retrospectively self-reported traumatic experiences across the lifespan are associated with ltl in later adulthood.
of @number@ participants , @number@ had been exposed to els , namely to temporary separation from both parents in childhood.
participants self-reported emotionally or physically traumatic experiences across the lifespan at a mean age of @number@ years.
ltl was measured using a quantitative pcr method at a mean age of @number@ years.
separation or self-reported traumatic experiences were not associated with ltl.
however , separated participants who self-reported traumatic experiences had shorter ltl.
this study aimed to examine the efficacy of creatine supplementation , associated or not with resistance training , in vulnerable older women.
a 24-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was performed.
the subjects were assessed at baseline and after 24weeks.
the primary outcome was muscle strength , as assessed by one-repetition maximum ( 1-rm ) tests.
secondary outcomes included appendicular lean mass , bone mass , biochemical bone markers , and physical function tests.
changes in fat mass , bone mass and serum bone markers did not significantly differ between the groups ( p > 0.05 ) .
clinicaltrials.gov : nct01472393.
bone regeneration was assessed through gene expressions , radiographic imaging , histology / histomorphometry , and biomechanical testing.
radiographs and microct showed increased calcified callus tissue and enhanced bone healing in young compared to aged mice.
a key mechanism involved reduced proliferation , expansion , and differentiation of periosteal progenitor cell populations in aged mice.
the experiments showed that pth increased calcified callus tissue and torsional strength with a greater response in young mice.
gene expression showed that aging delayed differentiation of both bone and cartilage tissues during fracture healing.
pth resulted in sustained col10a1 expression consistent with delayed chondrocyte maturation , but otherwise minimally altered cartilage gene expression.
pth increased active β-catenin staining in the osteoblast populations of both young and aged mice , but had a lesser effect in cartilage.
altogether the findings show that reduced fracture healing in aging involves decreased proliferation and differentiation of stem cells lining the bone surface.
objective : to examine the additive effect of age on disability for adults with spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : sci model systems.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : the primary study outcome was the motor subscale of the fim.
a mixed-models approach was used to examine the additive effect of age on disability for individuals with sci.
age at the time of sci was significantly associated with motor fim ( f1 , 238 = @time@ , p < .001 ) .
trajectory of motor fim scores is moderated slightly by age at the time of injury.
the older participants were at the time of injury , the greater the curvature and the more rapid decline were found in later years.
the findings serve as an important empirical foundation for the evaluation and development of interventions designed to augment accelerated aging experienced by individuals with sci.
ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ( ovemp ) represent extraocular muscle activity in response to vestibular stimulation.
to specify the value of ovemp in the diagnostics of menière's disease , the amplitude ratio between @number@ and @number@ hz stimuli was investigated.
the amplitude ratio was neither correlated with the degree of endolymphatic hydrops nor with the duration of disease.
hence , the calculation of the ovemp 500 / 1000 hz amplitude ratio may be a valuable diagnostic tool for menière's disease.
logistic and linear regression analyses were used to adjust for potential confounders and explore potential mediators.
results : a total of @number@ subjects completed the 5-year follow-up.
some of the inflammation markers and autonomic nervous system dysfunction were also independently correlated with carotid imt increase.
objective : aging decreases the strength of association between established coronary heart disease ( chd ) and its risk factors.
these findings suggest that there is efficacy to continued risk factor management in the elderly.
background : aging has been associated with an increase in arterial stiffness.
methods : a cross-sectional study was performed including @number@ subjects from the evident trial ( mean age @number@.9±13.7 years ; @percent@ women ) .
cardiovascular risk and heart age was estimated by the framingham risk score.
these associations were remained after controlling for potential confounders , except for raix75.
conclusions : regular physical activity was inversely associated with parameters related to advanced cardiovascular aging after adjustment for potentially influencing variables.
trial registration : clinical trials.gov identifier : nct01083082.
standard care consists of instructions for self-monitoring visual changes with subsequent self-report to the clinical center.
the primary outcome is the decline in visual acuity at cnv diagnosis from baseline.
discussion : home study is the first large scale study to test the use of home tele-monitoring system in the management of amd patients.
speech perception in multitalker environments often requires listeners to divide attention among several concurrent talkers before focusing on one talker with pertinent information.
both manipulations improved performance for elderly adults with age-appropriate hearing on both tasks.
tests between apoe polymorphisms with other clinical / biochemical variables and those with arterial calcification showed no significant differences between groups.
here , we generated a genome-scale shrna library targeting long intergenic noncoding rnas ( lincrnas ) in the mouse.
we performed an unbiased loss-of-function study in mouse embryonic stem cells ( mescs ) and identified @number@ lincrnas involved in the maintenance of pluripotency.
tuna showed striking evolutionary conservation of both sequence- and cns-restricted expression in vertebrates.
background : lipid accumulation product ( lap ) is a recently proposed good discriminator for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
the aim of this study was to clarify how age and gender influence lap and its relation to diabetes.
lap was compared among the age groups and between women and men.
lap was lower in women than in men in the younger groups and was higher in women than in men in the oldest group.
conclusion : lap and its association with diabetes are influenced by both age and gender.
background : in low- and middle-income countries neonatal infections are important causes of infant mortality.
group b streptococcus ( gbs ) is a major pathogen.
screening-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis ( iap ) for pregnant women , an effective strategy in high-income countries , is often not practical in these settings.
risk factor-based iap ( rfb-iap ) for women with risk factors at delivery has had limited success in preventing neonatal infection.
we evaluated the cost and health impacts of maternal gbs vaccination in south africa.
we compared four strategies : doing nothing , maternal gbs vaccination , rfb-iap , and vaccination plus rfb-iap.
rfb-iap alone , compared to doing nothing , prevents @percent@ of infant gbs cases at a cost of $ 240 / daly.
vaccine plus rfb-iap prevents @percent@ of cases at a cost of $ 664-2128 / daly.
conclusions : vaccination would substantially reduce the burden of infant gbs disease in south africa and would be very cost-effective by who guidelines.
rfb-iap is also very cost-effective , but prevents only @percent@ of cases.
vaccination plus rfb-iap is more effective and more costly than vaccination alone , and consistently very cost-effective.
8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine ( 8-oxo-dg ) is a nucleoside resulting from oxidative damage and is known to be mutagenic.
8-oxo-dg has been related to aging and diseases , including neurological disorders and cancer.
the properties of the odn containing 2-amino-adap were evaluated by measuring thermal stability and fluorescence quenching.
the years following parental death may initiate new circumstances through which the adverse effects of paternal death operate.
the data are based on linkages between the utah population database and medicare claims that hold medical diagnoses data.
no beneficial effects of the surviving parent's remarriage were detected.
background & aims : healthcare-associated infections [ hai ] are common in elderly individuals and may be related to both nutritional deficiencies and immunosenescence.
here , we assessed whether overall malnutrition and / or specific nutrient deficiencies were associated with hai via alterations in immune parameters.
clinical and laboratory parameters reflecting nutritional status and immune function were collected at baseline.
patients were monitored for hai for @number@ months or until discharge from the geriatric unit or death.
associations linking these five variables to hai were not significantly changed by adjusting for flow cytometry t-cell subset values.
conclusion : our results suggest a direct effect of nutritional parameters on hai rather than an indirect effect mediated by immune parameters.
lilly proposed that the problem was not due to ly2886721 anti-bace1 activity.
in knockout mice , paralogues , such as bace2 or cathepsin d , could partially compensate.
inhibition of hepatic bace1 activity in middle-aged humans would produce effects not detectable in mice.
consideration of this concept in forthcoming drug design , screening , and testing programs may prevent such failures in the future.
background : resolution is the final stage of the inflammatory response , when restoration of tissue occurs.
spms were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) .
results : spms and spm receptors were detected in the human brain.
levels of the spm lipoxin a4 ( lxa4 ) were reduced in ad , both in the csf and hippocampus.
an enzyme involved in lxa4 synthesis and two spm receptors were elevated in ad brains.
lxa4 and rvd1 levels in csf correlated with mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) scores.
conclusions : a resolution pathway exists in the brain and the alterations described herein strongly suggest a dysfunction of this pathway in ad.
mmse correlations suggest a connection with cognitive function in ad.
whether age-associated differences in hormone levels are causally related to cardiovascular disease , or are biomarkers reflecting accumulated ill-health remains under debate.
lower t levels are associated with aortic , peripheral vascular , and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older men.
in some but not all studies , lower levels of t predict increased incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality.
recently , dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) has also been identified as a predictor for peripheral vascular and ischemic heart disease.
small scale randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) of t supplementation suggest a protective effect against myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease.
there have been no rcts with the prespecified outcomes of cardiovascular events or mortality.
observational studies of testosterone supplementation have reported contrasting results.
however , rcts that manipulate free thyroxine levels within the normal range are lacking and would be challenging to perform.
multimorbidity may be related to the supposed early aging of people with intellectual disabilities ( id ) .
this group may suffer more often from multimorbidity , because of id-related physical health conditions , unhealthy lifestyle and metabolic effects of antipsychotic drug use.
multimorbidity has been defined as two or more chronic conditions.
data on chronic conditions have been collected through physical assessment , questionnaires , and medical files.
prevalence , associated factors and clusters of multimorbidity have been studied in @number@ older adults ( ≥ @number@ years ) with id.
multimorbidity was prevalent in @percent@ and associated with age and severe / profound id.
four or more conditions were prevalent in @percent@ and associated with age , severe / profound id and down syndrome.
factor analyses did not reveal a model for disease-clusters with good fit.
multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults with id.
multimorbidity should receive more attention in research and clinical practice for targeted pro-active prevention and treatment.
purpose : to provide an overview of factors influencing the acceptance of electronic technologies that support aging in place by community-dwelling older adults.
since technology acceptance factors fluctuate over time , a distinction was made between factors in the pre-implementation stage and factors in the post-implementation stage.
methods : a systematic review of mixed studies.
seven major scientific databases ( including medline , scopus and cinahl ) were searched.
three researchers each read the articles and extracted factors.
results : sixteen out of @number@ articles were included.
most articles investigated acceptance of technology that enhances safety or provides social interaction.
the majority of data was based on qualitative research investigating factors in the pre-implementation stage.
when comparing these results to qualitative results on post-implementation acceptance , our analysis showed that some factors are persistent while new factors also emerge.
quantitative results showed that a small number of variables have a significant influence in the pre-implementation stage.
fourteen out of the sixteen included articles did not use an existing technology acceptance framework or model.
conclusions : acceptance of technology in the pre-implementation stage is influenced by multiple factors.
sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( sals ) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive motor neuron death.
although the etiology of sals remains unknown , genetic variants are thought to predispose individuals to the disease.
thus , our data provided new clues for exploring the pathogenesis of sals.
all this implies the need for a greater number of drugs and an increasing risk of drugs interactions with antiretroviral treatment , particularly protease inhibitors.
methods : we report a case of iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency interaction secondary to ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in an hiv-infected patient with copd.
a review was made of the cases reported in adults in the medical literature ( medline ) up to @date@ .
results : a total of @number@ cases were reported.
the mean age was @number@ years.
the mean dose of ritonavir was @number@ mg / day , while the fluticasone dose was @number@ μg / day.
the average time of the interaction between ritonavir and fluticasone was @number@ months.
in @percent@ of cases fluticasone was discontinued at the time of diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency / cushing syndrome.
almost all ( @percent@ ) patients had a complete resolution of the symptoms after changing the treatment.
statement of problem : information about the influence of zirconia crown surface treatment and cement type on the retention of zirconia crowns is limited.
it is unclear whether zirconia crowns require surface treatment to enhance their retention.
computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing zirconia copings were fabricated.
three surface treatments were applied to the intaglio surface of the copings.
retention was measured on a universal testing machine under tension , with a crosshead speed of @number@ mm / min.
statistical analysis was performed with 1-way and 2-way anova.
results : mean retention values ranged from @number@ to @number@ mpa.
analysis of the adhesives revealed that the duo-link cement resulted in significantly lower crown retention ( p < .05 ) than the other @number@ cements.
conclusion : for zirconia crowns , retention seems to be dependent on cement type rather than surface treatment.
suffering a stroke can be a devastating and life-changing event.
of the trials identified , @number@ rcts met inclusion criteria , demonstrating an evidence base for stroke rehabilitation in the chronic phase as well.
this seems at odds with the assumption that further recovery is unlikely and the subsequent lack of resources devoted to chronic stroke rehabilitation and management.
in addition to their epidemiologic and clinical association , mounting recent evidence indicates shared mechanisms of pathogenesis between metabolic disorders and ad.
we discuss the concept that peripheral and central nervous system inflammation link the pathogenesis of ad and metabolic diseases.
we also explore the contribution of brain inflammation to defective insulin signaling and neuronal dysfunction.
last , we review recent evidence indicating that targeting neuroinflammation may provide novel therapeutic avenues for ad.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , either as an isolated injury or in conjunction with other injuries , is an increasingly common event.
an estimated @number@ million injuries occur within the usa each year and @number@ million people are affected annually worldwide.
associated with a high morbidity and mortality and no specific therapeutic treatment , tbi has become a pressing public health and medical problem.
the highest incidence of tbi occurs in young adults ( 15-24 years age ) and in the elderly ( ≥75 years of age ) .
the neuropathology underpinning head injury is becoming increasingly better understood.
further , tbi can act as a conduit to longer term neurodegenerative disorders.
increased age is a major risk factor for stroke incidence and post-ischemic mortality.
to develop age-adjusted therapeutic interventions , a clear understanding of the complexity of age-related post-ischemic mechanisms is essential.
by using illumina cdna microarrays and quantitative pcr we detected a distinct age-dependent response to stroke involving @number@ differentially expressed genes.
our analyses also identified @number@ differentially expressed genes that responded to stroke in an age-independent manner.
we investigated this variant in @number@ late-onset alzheimer's disease cases and @number@ elderly control subjects , all north american whites ( us whites ) .
we did not observe any example of the a673t variant in our large sample.
our findings suggest that this rare variant could be specific to the individuals of the origin from the nordic countries.
to resolve protein misfolding , cells have evolved a collection of adaptive signaling pathways , called the unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
it is now recognized that er stress contributes to many pathophysiological conditions.
however , whether and / or how er stress and the upr contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and obesity is not entirely clear.
background : falls and chronic disease are both important health issues in older adults.
methods : data were derived from the canadian community health survey- healthy aging.
primary outcomes from @number@ community-dwelling adults aged @number@ years and over were self-reported falls in the previous @number@ months and presence of @number@ chronic conditions.
results : overall prevalence of falling and multi-morbidity were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
conclusions : both the number and pattern of chronic conditions were related to falls.
copd emerged as a significant predictor of falls despite affecting a smaller proportion of respondents.
continued study is warranted to verify this association and determine how to incorporate consideration of chronic disease and multi-morbidity into fall risk assessments.
background : reduction of precuneus choline acetyltransferase activity co-occurs with greater beta-amyloid ( aβ ) in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
results : immunoblots revealed increased levels of prongf in ad subjects but not mci subjects , whereas cognate receptors were unchanged.
there were no significant differences in protein level for the downstream survival kinase-signaling proteins erk and phospho-erk among groups.
apoptotic phospho-jnk , phospho-jnk / jnk ratio , and bcl-2 were significantly elevated in ad subjects.
the density of plaques showed a trend to increase , but only 6-cn-pib-positive plaques reached significance in ad subjects.
at8-positive , toc-1-positive , and tau c3-positive nft densities were unchanged , whereas only at8-positive neuropil thread density was statistically higher in ad subjects.
conclusions : data indicate that precuneus neurotrophin pathways are resilient to amyloid toxicity during the onset of ad.
over @number@ years ago , francois jacob proposed that levels of ' integrons ' explain how biological systems are constructed.
we suggest that the wiring and interdependency between subsystems within a network are useful to understand the aging process.
but yet , the interconnected nature of homeostatic wiring can provide organisms with the means of compensating for the decline of one subsystem.
this occurs at multiple levels in an organism-for example , between organelles or between tissues.
we review recent data that highlight the importance of such interconnectivity / communication in the aging process , in both progressive decline and longevity assurance.
objective : low testosterone levels and increased aortic stiffness are predictors of cardiovascular events.
the influence of androgen level on the age- and blood pressure-related increase in aortic stiffness is unknown.
their total testosterone ( tt ) levels were measured and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( pwvc-f ) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness.
conclusions : tt levels are independently associated with aortic stiffening.
the effect of low testosterone concentration on aortic stiffness is more prominent in young men and in subjects with higher blood pressure levels.
in ldl ( - / - ) mice , both apoa-i- and apoe-containing hdl looked normal.
neither fh nor apoe-deficient humans showed significant alterations in apoa-i-containing hdl particles as compared to non-carriers.
analyses revealed that the study sample was representative of maryland older drivers with respect to age and indices of prior driving safety.
background : higher long-term cumulative lead exposure predicts faster cognitive decline in older men , but evidence of an association in women is lacking.
objective : to determine if there is an association between lead exposure and cognitive decline in women.
methods : this study considers a sample of @number@ women from the nurses ' health study who live in or near boston , massachusetts.
all cognitive test scores were z-transformed for use in analyses.
we found little support for associations between cognitive decline and patella or blood lead , which provide integrated measures of exposure over shorter timeframes.
conclusions : long-term cumulative lead exposure may be weakly associated with faster cognitive decline in community-dwelling women , at least in some cognitive domains.
background : the north coast of guadalcanal has some of the most intense malaria transmission in the solomon islands.
the mosquitoes were counted , identified using morphological and molecular markers and dissected to determine parity.
peak biting was @date@ @number@
the proportion parous across each village ranged between @number@.54-0.58.
parity showed little seasonal trend despite fluctuations in vector densities over the year.
conclusion : the early , outdoor biting behaviour of an. farauti documented @number@ years previously on north guadalcanal was still exhibited.
it is possible that bed net use may have maintained this biting profile though this could not be determined unequivocally.
the longevity of these populations has not changed despite long-term itn use.
other vector control strategies which do not rely on the vector entering houses are needed if elimination or intensified control is to be achieved.
the success of forensic genetics has led to considerable numbers of dna samples that must be stored.
thus , the ability to preserve the integrity of forensic samples is essential.
the possibility of retesting these samples after many years should be guaranteed.
dna storage typically requires the use of freezers.
recently , a new method that enables dna to be stored at room temperature was developed.
this technology is based on the principles of anhydrobiosis and thus permits room-temperature storage of dna.
this study evaluates the ability of this technology to preserve dna samples mimicking true mixture casework samples for long periods of time.
furthermore , we determined whether this matrix has a potential inhibitory or enhancing effect on the pcr genotyping reactions.
in our previous work , we demonstrated the considerable potential of this new technology.
the present study complements our previous work.
white matter ( wm ) change plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline.
in this review , we consider methodological advances with particular relevance to the role of wm in age-related changes in processing speed.
in the present study , we generated brinp1-deficient ( ko ) mice to clarify the physiological functions of brinp1 in the nervous system.
results : neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus was increased in brinp1-ko mice creating a more immature neuronal population in granule cell layer.
the number of parvalbumin expressing interneuron in hippocampal ca1 subregion was also increased in brinp1-ko mice.
conclusions : absence of brinp1 causes deregulation of neurogenesis and impairments of neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal circuitry.
abnormal behaviors comparable to those of human psychiatric disorders such as hyperactivity and poor social behavior were observed in brinp1-ko mice.
these abnormal behaviors could be caused by alteration of hippocampal circuitry as a consequence of the lack of brinp1.
objective : patient-centred care is a term frequently associated with quality health care.
study sample : the participant sample included ten adults over the age of @number@ years who had owned hearing aids for at least one year.
individualised care was seen as an overarching theme linking each of these dimensions.
conclusions : this study reported two models : the first model describes what older adults with hearing aids believe constitutes patient-centred audiological rehabilitation.
the second provides a guide to operationalised patient-centred care.
further research is required to address questions pertaining to the presence , nature , and impact of patient-centred audiological rehabilitation.
the ability to maintain stability in the frontal plane ( medialateral direction ) while walking is commonly included as a component of motor performance assessment.
gait speed decreased in the narrow-based walking condition , with larger decrease in the elderly ( by @percent@ ) .
in the elderly head roll increased with perturbed vestibular information in impaired somatosensory condition ( by @percent@ ) .
in both age groups trunk roll increased under impaired somatosensation in the narrow-based walking condition ( by @percent@ ) but not in normal walking condition.
accurate lower limb somatosensation may play a critical role in narrow-based walking.
crude incidence , age specific incidence and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated.
joinpoint regression was performed to obtain estimated annual percentages and bayesian age-period- cohort modeling was used to predict the incidence rate until the year @number@
the rates in urban regions were higher than in rural regions.
a significant rising trend during 1999-2006 was followed by a drop during 2006-2010 in age-adjusted rates for urban females.
in contrast , constant rise was observed in rural women.
the decrease in ovary cancer of urban areas tended to be restricted to women aged @number@ years and younger.
in contrast , increases of ovary cancer in rural areas appeared in virtually all age groups.
the burden of ovary cancer in china will continue to be relative stable due to the aging population.
mean age of the participants was @number@ ( ± @number@ ) , @percent@ were women.
main outcome measures : self-rated health , physical functioning and depressive symptoms.
individual and societal positive views of ageing should be encouraged.
oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the etiology of age-related cataract.
there was no difference in 15-keto-dihydro-pgf₂α levels between cases and controls.
our observations lead to the hypothesis that higher systemic oxidative stress increases the risk of developing age-related cataract.
objective : to study the profile of igf2r expression and histone modifications in replicative cell senescence.
igf2r gene expression was in positive correlation with pdl.
conclusion : igf2r is related to cell replicative senescence and its gene expression is regulated by histone modification of h3.
therefore , epigenetics may play a role in cell senescence.
this is a qualitative and quantitative study examining institutional staff members ' reactions to delusions experienced by nursing home residents.
participants were @number@ nursing home residents aged @number@ and older , diagnosed with dementia.
data were collected from @number@ nursing homes in israel between @date@ and @date@ .
a wide variety of interventions with dementia-related symptoms was found to be effective to varying degrees.
this included general approaches for a variety of symptoms as well as symptom-specific interventions.
caregivers do not always seem to be aware that multiple approaches are available to them when dealing with dementia.
the most effective approaches may be those tailored to the individual.
combining interventions may increase overall effectiveness.
caregiver's experience and the institutional culture may affect the choice of intervention used , either positively or negatively.
anxiety symptoms were additionally linked to greater decline in executive function , irrespective of beta-amyloid and other risk factors.
these findings suggest that interventions to mitigate anxiety symptoms may help delay memory decline in otherwise healthy older adults with elevated beta-amyloid.
objectives : in this study , we advance knowledge about activity engagement by considering many activities simultaneously to identify profiles of activity among older adults.
further , we use cross-sectional data to explore factors associated with activity profiles and prospective data to explore activity profiles and well-being outcomes.
the hrs cams includes information on types and amounts of activities.
we used factor analysis and latent class analysis to identify activity profiles and regression analyses to assess antecedents and outcomes associated with activity profiles.
results : we identified @number@ activity profiles : low activity , moderate activity , high activity , working , and physically active.
these profiles varied in amount and type of activities.
demographic and health factors were related to profiles.
activity profiles were subsequently associated with self-rated health and depression symptoms.
background and objectives : reduced lean mass and physical function is a characteristic of frailty.
however , it is currently unknown if proteolysis through the e3 ubiquitin ligases and the autophagic lysosomal pathway is dysregulated in inactive frail older women.
methods : strength , mobility , leg lean mass , and physical activity assessment were used to characterize activity levels and frailty in older women.
autophagy / mitophagy markers were positively correlated with the 6-minute walk and leg lean mass ( p < @number@ ) .
obesity , metabolic syndrome , and type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) are related disorders with widespread deleterious effects throughout the body.
one important target of damage is the brain.
persons with metabolic disorders are at significantly increased risk for cognitive decline and the development of vascular dementia and alzheimer's disease.
the relationships between t2d and neural dysfunction are regulated by several modifiers.
we emphasize @number@ such modifiers , the genetic risk factor apolipoprotein e and an age-related endocrine change , low testosterone.
both factors are independent risk factors for alzheimer's disease that may also cooperatively regulate pathologic interactions between t2d and dementia.
continued elucidation of the links between metabolic disorders and neural dysfunction promises to foster the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
previously , we defined a multi-marker modality that included cystatin c ( cysc ) , troponin t ( tnt ) , and age.
methods : this prospective cohort study included @number@ patients , median age @number@ years , that had hfref.
we determined all-cause mortality and cv mortality at a 3-year follow-up.
we compared the risk score to the n-terminal prohormone of b-type natriuretic peptide ( nt-probnp ) for predicting all-cause mortality and cv mortality.
this common temporal emergence pattern suggests that slowing aging can postpone the onset of these maladies and alleviate their symptoms once emerged.
objective : the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of discontinuing medicines with anticholinergic properties on cognitive outcomes in older people.
the critical appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers , and the data were extracted onto standardized forms.
the primary outcome of interest was evaluation of cognitive changes in older people after anticholinergic discontinuation , measured using cognitive assessment scales.
meta-analysis was not conducted , because of the heterogeneity of the study designs , interventions and outcome measures.
results : the primary electronic literature search identified a total of @number@ records in the six different databases.
on the basis of full-text analysis , only four studies met the inclusion criteria.
the review found two randomized control trials and two prospective cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria.
only the cohort studies demonstrated improvement of cognitive performance after discontinuation of anticholinergic medicines.
conclusions : the impact of anticholinergic discontinuation on cognitive function remains poorly researched and poorly understood.
a larger sample size , longer duration of follow-up and better methods of assessing anticholinergic-induced cognitive impairment are warranted.
surgery involving elderly patients is becoming increasingly common due to the rapid aging of societies all over the world.
the objective of this study was to elucidate the prognostic differences between elderly and young patients who undergo liver resection.
a systematic review based on the prisma flow diagram was conducted.
in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and miscellaneous liver tumors , the morbidity and mortality rate did not differ significantly between the elderly and young patients.
for patients with colorectal metastatic liver cancer , the mortality of the young patients was @number@ times lower than that of elderly patients.
our review of high-quality retrospective studies was able to elucidate the clinical risks of age on the outcomes after liver surgery in specific patient populations.
oncometabolites are defined as small-molecule components ( or enantiomers ) of normal metabolism whose accumulation causes signaling dysregulation to establish a milieu that initiates carcinogenesis.
however , when chronically altered , these responses become conserved causes of aging and cancer.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a multifactorial neurological condition associated with a genetic profile that is still not completely understood.
the aim of the study was to assess similarities between aging- and ad-related modifications of gene expression and investigate possible interactions between the two processes.
cluster analysis revealed the selective presence of hundreds of upregulated and downregulated transcripts.
the primary goal of this study was to obtain n-glycan profiles of human placental membrane proteins using a reliable , simple and high-throughput method.
the second goal was to examine whether the n-glycan profile alters during gestation.
placental membrane proteins were isolated from women of different ages after first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
the n-glycan fingerprint of membrane proteins was obtained using dna sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis ( dsa-face ) .
lectin blotting was used to confirm dsa-face results.
this study represents the first n-glycan profiling of placental cell membrane proteins.
these data represent a basis for future research on the n-glycome of placental proteins in different ( patho ) physiological conditions.
levels of hsp72 , prx5 , and enos were significantly higher in quiescent muscle of older compared with younger subjects , irrespective of training status.
sod1 , cat , and hsp27 levels were not significantly different between groups.
hsp27 content was upregulated in all groups studied postexercise.
hsp72 content was upregulated to a greater extent in muscle of trained compared with untrained subjects postexercise , irrespective of age.
in contrast to every other group , old untrained subjects failed to upregulate cat postexercise.
aging was associated with a failure to upregulate sod2 and a downregulation of prx5 in muscle postexercise , irrespective of training status.
background : aging-related muscle loss is a public health problem.
we investigated the association of lifestyle and hormonal factors with a prospectively assessed muscle loss in older men.
methods : among @number@ home-dwelling men , aged 60-85 ( mean @number@ ) years , lifestyle and health status were evaluated through a questionnaire.
appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and calculated as the sum of lean mass of the @number@ limbs.
free testosterone concentration was calculated using concentrations of total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin.
longitudinal data were analyzed by hierarchical models.
results : average muscle loss was @number@ ± @number@.05% / year.
these factors are likely to represent real determinants of aging-related muscle loss in men.
the aorta possesses a micro-architecture that imparts and supports a high degree of compliance and mechanical strength.
elastin and collagen fibers can be observed using state-of-the-art multi-photon microscopy.
image-analysis algorithms have been effective at characterizing fibrous constructs using various microscopy modalities.
human aortic tissue samples were used to develop the code.
the tool smooths , cleans and equalizes fiber intensities in the image before segmenting the fibers into a binary image.
the binary image is cleaned and thinned to a fiber skeleton representation of the image.
the developed software analyzes the fiber skeleton to obtain intersections , fiber orientation , concentration , porosity , diameter distribution , segment length and tortuosity.
impaired growth factor function is thought to drive many of the alterations observed in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients.
we obtained and characterized prgf-endoret preparations from human blood.
we used , as experimental approach in vivo , app / ps1 mice , characterized by age-dependent brain amyloid-β ( aβ ) accumulation.
intranasal administration of prgf-endoret to app / ps1 mice resulted in an important decrease in brain aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation.
prgf-endoret-treated app / ps1 mice also showed decreased astrocyte reactivity , and prevented protein synaptic loss.
in vitro approaches demonstrated that prgf-endoret treatment modulated astrocyte activation , reducing inflammatory responses , and promoted aβ degradation.
furthermore , prgf-endoret stimulated global improvements in anxiety , learning , and memory behaviors.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) content plays an important role in energy production and sustaining normal physiological function.
the mtdna content was found to be inversely associated with age among the age of group 40-70 years.
the results suggest the higher mtdna content may convey a beneficial effect to the longevity of people through assuring sufficient energy supply.
nineteen mild cognitive impairment and @number@ alzheimer's disease patients were recruited from the dementia clinic of the seoul national university hospital.
fourteen cognitively normal elderly subjects were also selected from a pool of elderly volunteers.
on the contrary , plasma total homocysteine level did not show any significant association with whole brain volume.
here , we investigate the possible involvement of bri2 in human ad pathogenesis.
bri2 containing brichos-domain was increased up to 3-fold in ad hippocampus ( p = @number@ n = 14 / group ) .
immunohistochemistry showed bri2 deposits associated with amyloid-β plaques in early pathologic stages ( braak-iii ; thal- @date@ ) .
this qualitative study was part of a cross-national project entitled enable-age which examined the relationship between home and healthy ageing.
we modified the previously reported method by using a shorter amplicon and confirmed the efficiency and utility of this method in this report.
these results indicate that sjtrec level is an effective age estimation method in koreans.
the value of the standard error of quantification was not different from previous reports for other population groups.
however , due to its paper-and-pencil nature it is difficult to adapt for functional brain imaging.
related neural underpinnings even in healthy aging are mostly unknown since no consistent administration for imaging is available.
behavioral results demonstrated that elderly participants performed slower but committed a similar number of errors compared to younger adults.
elderly participants displayed more significantly activated channels and a different activation pattern compared to younger participants especially manifesting in more bilateral dlpfc activation.
this study succeeded in implementing an appropriate version of the tmt for fnirs and helps elucidating neural aging effects associated with this task.
we also test whether these associations differ significantly by sex.
for both sexes , individuals who experienced more cumulative abuse have a greater risk of developing mets.
adult ses partially explains the association between childhood abuse and mets.
maladaptive stress responses and unhealthy behaviors further explain the association.
background : psychache can and does co-exist alongside resilience and coping amongst trauma survivors.
this has been the center of the a-integrative theory of aging demonstrating an attitude to life based on cognitive and emotional dimensions.
aging of holocaust survivors ( hs ) is especially difficult when focus is brought to the issue of integrating their life history.
the present study aimed to investigate the interplay between psychache and resilience amongst aging hs.
methods : cross-sectional study of hs and a matched comparison group recruited from the general population was carried out.
all underwent a personal interview and endorsed quantifiable psychache and resilience scales.
results : we enrolled @number@ elderly participants : @number@ hs and @number@ comparison participants.
mean age for the participants was @number@.7± years ; there were @number@ women and @number@ men in each group.
holocaust survivors did not differ in the level of resilience from comparisons ( mean : @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ respectively ) .
psychache was significantly more intense in the hs group ( f ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the present study demonstrates the complex interplay between psychache and resilience.
aging hs still have to cope with high levels of psychache while realizing a life-long process of development through resilience.
this analysis explicates what family members learn during the process of providing end-of-life care.
learning gaps , preferences , and potential inequities were identified.
significance of results : findings can inform the development of individualized educational programs and interventions for family caregivers.
participants were followed over @number@ months.
objectives : we examined regional variation in tooth loss in the united states from @number@ to @number@
results : appalachia and the mississippi delta had higher levels of tooth loss than the rest of the country in @number@
from @number@ to @number@ tooth loss declined in the united states.
however , appalachia did not converge toward the us average , and the mississippi delta worsened relative to the united states.
socioeconomic status explained the largest portion of differences between regions in @number@ but a smaller portion of the trends.
the mississippi delta is aging more quickly than the rest of the country , which explains @percent@ of the disparity in the time trend.
conclusions : the disadvantage in tooth loss is persistent in appalachia and growing in the mississippi delta.
the increasing disparity is partly explained by changes in the age structure but is also associated with behavioral and environmental factors.
we examined mortality risks in the @number@ largest immigrant groups in sweden between @number@ and @number@ using cox regression.
we also investigated deaths from all causes , circulatory disease , neoplasms , and external causes.
results : we found higher all-cause mortality among many immigrant categories , although some groups had lower mortality.
when studying cause-specific mortality , we found the largest differentials in deaths from circulatory disease , whereas disparities in mortality from neoplasms were smaller.
sep , especially income and occupational class , accounted for most of the mortality differentials by country of birth.
conclusions : our findings stressed that different aspects of sep were not interchangeable in relation to immigrant health.
( @number@ ) probiotic diets originated in elie metchnikoff's conception of radically prolonged \ "orthobiosis \ " ( c.
@number@ ) .
( @number@ ) the development of clinical endocrinology owed much to eugen steinach's \ "endocrine rejuvenation \ " operations ( c.
1910s-1920s ) .
1910s-1920s ) .
( @number@ ) tissue engineering was pioneered during alexis carrel's work on cell and tissue immortalization ( c.
1900-1920 ) .
thus , the pursuit of life extension and rejuvenation has constituted an inseparable and crucial element in the history of biomedicine.
notably , the common principle of these studies was the proactive maintenance of stable , long-term homeostasis of the entire organism.
comordidities for people with hiv have not previously been described from a representative population perspective.
methods : we used linked health administrative data from ontario , canada.
we applied a validated algorithm to identify people with hiv among all residents aged @number@ years or older between @date@ and @date@ .
we randomly selected @number@ ontario adults who were not identified with hiv for each person with hiv for comparison.
we examined multimorbidity prevalence as the presence of at least two physical chronic conditions , or as combined physical-mental health multimorbidity.
direct age-sex standardized rates were calculated for both cohorts for comparison.
results : @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) @percent@ to @percent@ ) of people with hiv had at least one other physical condition.
prevalence was especially high for mental health conditions ( @percent@ ) , hypertension ( @percent@ ) and asthma ( @percent@ ) .
prevalence of multimorbidity among people with hiv increased with age.
the difference in prevalence of multimorbidity between the two cohorts was more pronounced among women.
conclusion : people living with hiv in ontario , especially women , had higher prevalence of comorbidity and multimorbidity than the general population.
quantifying this morbidity at the population level can help inform healthcare delivery requirements for this complex population.
background : age is considered a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
it is also now well understood that mitochondrial function declines with age.
mitochondrial deficits have been previously assessed in brain from both human autopsy tissue and disease-relevant transgenic mice.
recently it has been recognized that abnormalities of muscle may be an intrinsic aspect of ad and might contribute to the pathophysiology.
however , deficits in mitochondrial function have yet to be clearly assessed in tissues outside the central nervous system ( cns ) .
in the present study , we utilized a well-characterized ad-relevant transgenic mouse strain to assess mitochondrial respiratory deficits in both brain and muscle.
results : we now demonstrate that skeletal muscles isolated from these animals have differential levels of mutant full-length app depending on muscle type.
conclusions : this is the first study to directly examine mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle from an ad-relevant transgenic murine model.
as with brain , these deficits in muscle are an early event , occurring prior to appearance of amyloid plaques.
background : genome-wide expression profiles are altered during biological aging and can describe molecular regulation of tissue degeneration.
age-regulated mrna expression trends from cross-sectional studies could describe how aging progresses.
we developed a novel statistical methodology to identify age-regulated expression trends in cross-sectional datasets.
results : we studied six cross-sectional rna expression profiles from different human tissues.
our methodology , capable of overcoming technical and genetic background differences , identified an age-regulation in four of the tissues.
for the identification of expression trends , five regression models were compared and the quadratic model was found as the most suitable for this study.
the first age-position was found to occur during the fifth decade and a later one during the eighth decade.
in kidney cortex , however , only one age-position was identified correlating with a late age-position.
background : prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in hiv-1 infected patients is reported to be high.
whether this is a result of active hiv-related neurodegeneration is unclear.
@number@ hiv-infected patients were included in both treated and untreated groups , but sampled at different timepoints.
furthermore , @number@ neuroasymptomatic patients were analyzed before and after treatment initiation.
csf nfl concentrations in the untreated neuroasymptomatics and treated groups were equivalent to controls @number@ and @number@ years older , respectively.
neopterin correlated with nfl levels in untreated groups while the albumin ratio correlated with nfl in both untreated and treated groups.
conclusions : increased csf nfl indicates ongoing axonal injury in many neuroasymptomatic patients.
treatment decreases nfl , but treated patients retain higher levels than controls , indicating either continued virus-related injury or an aging-like effect of hiv infection.
nfl correlates with neopterin and albumin ratio , suggesting an association between axonal injury , neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability.
nfl appears to be a sensitive biomarker of subclinical and clinical brain injury in hiv and warrants further assessment for broader clinical use.
background and purpose : cancer patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
it is unclear whether cancer confers any additional risk for recurrent stroke or cardiovascular mortality after stroke.
we sought to determine whether patients with cancer are at higher risk of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular mortality.
results : amongst @number@ patients , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had cancer , of whom @percent@ were in remission.
conclusions : stroke patients with a past history of cancer are at increased risk of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular mortality.
background : in human , a reduction in estrogen has been proposed as one of the key contributing factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
rodents are conventional models for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis , but the major limitation is that ovariectomy is needed to mimic the estrogen decline after menopause.
the estrogenic effect of ee2 in o. latipes was confirmed by significant up-regulation of four key estrogen responsive genes in the liver.
in general , bone histomorphometric analyses indicated significantly lowered osteoblasts and osteoclasts numbers and surfaces on vertebrae of ee2-fed medaka.
this small size fish is a unique alternative non-mammalian vertebrate model for studying estrogen-related molecular regulation in postmenopausal skeletal disorders in vivo without ovariectomy.
background / objectives : the impact of pain on the physical performance of patients in aged care rehabilitation is not known.
methods : this was an observational cross-sectional study of @number@ older people at two inpatient aged care rehabilitation units.
physical performance was assessed using the lower limb summary performance score.
depression and the number of comorbidities were assessed by questionnaire and medical file audit.
cognition was assessed with the mini-mental state examination.
this model explained @percent@ of the variability in physical performance.
conclusion : one-third of participants reported chronic pain , and close to one-fifth reported that this pain interfered with daily activities.
chronic pain was associated with impaired physical performance , and this relationship persisted after adjusting for likely confounding factors.
methods : cross-sectional data from three studies were used.
a total of @number@ individuals living in community and residential care facilities were included.
mean age was @number@ years , @percent@ were women , @percent@ were dependent in adls , @percent@ had depression , and @percent@ had dementia.
no significant interaction effects of sex , dementia , or living conditions were found in these associations.
deficient selection against irrelevant information has been proposed to underlie age-related cognitive decline.
we recently reported evidence for maintained early sensory selection when older and younger adults used spatial selective attention to perform a challenging task.
here we explored age-related differences when spatial selection is not possible and feature-selective attention must be deployed.
we additionally compared the integrity of feedforward processing by exploiting the well established phenomenon of suppression of visual cortical responses attributable to interstimulus competition.
age differences were found in feature-selective attentional modulation of visual responses : older adults did not show consistent modulation of magnitude or phase.
the morbidity of hyperglycemic crises and acute hypoglycemic attacks in patients with diabetes mellitus has been increasing for the past several decades.
one of the reasons for this is the increase in the number of patients with diabetes.
the increased proportion of aging and isolation in society is another reason.
the author has discussed patients with these complaints : their epidemiology , pathophysiology , and management in the emergency department.
hyperglycemic crises include diabetic ketoacidosis ( dka ) , hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome ( hhs ) , and lactic acidosis ( la ) .
younger patients with type @number@ diabetes suffer from dka ; inappropriate insulin therapy or infection is usually the trigger.
older patients with type @number@ diabetes are at risk of hhs in the course of sepsis or in the perioperative period.
the treatment of both types of patients is common.
sufficient amount of intravenous extracellular fluid and constant infusion of insulin are essential.
the development of la is not associated with the use of metformin , but with the severity of the pre-existing disease.
early recognition and aggressive treatment is vital to improving the prognosis of hyperglycemic emergencies and severe hypoglycemic episodes.
there is little data considering relationships among human rna , demographic variables , and primary human cell physiology.
a total of @number@ uniquely mapped mrnas and @number@ mirnas were commonly expressed and validated in a separate cohort.
fifty-four mrnas and @number@ mirnas were de by gender.
networks of mirnas targeting mrnas , both de by age and gender , were identified.
the inverse relationship in these rna pairs suggests mirnas regulate mrna levels on aging and between genders.
access to these data will facilitate discovery of mechanisms of mirna regulation of gene expression.
these results provide new insights into aging and gender , and future platelet rna association studies must account for age and gender.
objective : traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a multifactorial pathology with great interindividual variability in response to injury and outcome.
mitochondria contain their own dna ( mtdna ) with genomic variants that have different physiological and pathological characteristics , including susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
methods : we undertook an analysis of mitochondrial haplogroups in a large , well-characterized cohort of @number@ tbi patients.
results : mtdna had a significant association with 6-month gos ( p = 0.008 ) .
interpretation : these findings reveal an interplay between mitochondrial dna , pathophysiology of tbi , and aging.
haplogroups k and t , which share a common maternal ancestor , are shown as protective in tbi.
telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes , protecting them from degradation and activation of dna damage response.
for this reason , functional telomeres are vital to genome stability.
for years , telomeres were assumed to be transcriptionally silent , because of their heterochromatic state.
several lines of evidence now indicate that terra molecules play crucial roles in telomere homeostasis and telomere functions.
recent studies have shown that the expression and regulation of terra are dynamically controlled by each chromosome end.
terra has been involved in the regulation of telomere length , telomerase activity , and heterochromatin formation at telomeres.
the correct regulation of the telomeric transcripts may be essential to genome stability , and altered terra levels associate with tumorigenesis and cellular senescence.
thus , the study of the molecular mechanisms of terra biogenesis and function may advance the understanding of telomere-related diseases , including cancer and aging.
in a variety of cell types , ribonucleoprotein ( rnp ) complexes play critical roles in regulating rna metabolism.
recent advances have identified a conserved response of germ line rnps to environmental stresses such as nutritional stress and heat shock.
the rnps increase significantly in size based on cytology ; their morphology and subcellular localization changes , and their composition changes.
similarly , coordinated changes of the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum may also help unravel the regulatory mechanisms of rnp dynamics.
this article serves as a review of the normal anatomy of the human aorta and its known age-associated changes.
objective : percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) is the first line of treatment for st-elevated myocardial infarction ( stemi ) .
methods : participants were registered in florida's comprehensive inpatient surveillance system for the years 2006-2007 with principal diagnosis of stemi.
dementia was defined using icd-9 codes for presenile , senile , and alzheimer's type dementia.
results : data from @number@ stemi patients were used.
of these , @percent@ were catheterized , @percent@ received pci , and @percent@ had coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) .
of the @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients with dementia , @percent@ were catheterized.
however , having hyperlipidemia increased the probability of catheterization ( rr @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.86-6.98 ) .
organisms have evolved to survive rigorous environments and are not prepared to thrive in a world of caloric excess and sedentary behavior.
heat shock protein inducers share metabolic pathways associated with exercise with activation of ampk , pgc1-a , and sirtuins.
therapies restoring the stress response can re-tip the balance from disease into health and address the multifaceted defects associated with the disease.
cognition is important for locomotion and gait decline increases the risk for morbidity , mortality , cognitive decline , and dementia.
yet , the neural correlates of gait are not well established , because most neuroimaging methods cannot image the brain during locomotion.
imagined gait protocols overcome this limitation.
real and imagined walking task times were strongly correlated , particularly real and imagined dual-task times ( wwt and iwwt ) .
in experiment @number@ @number@ cognitively-healthy older adults ( m = 73.03 ) iw , it , and iwwt during functional magnetic resonance imaging.
these initial findings encourage further research and development of this imagined gait protocol as a tool for improving gait and cognition among the elderly.
variation in tp53 has been associated with cancer.
the pro-allele of a tp53 polymorphism in codon @number@ ( rs1042522 ) has been associated with longevity.
recently , we showed that the same allele might be involved in preservation of glucose metabolism , body composition and blood pressure during ageing.
here , we assessed glucose tolerance and body composition in mice carrying the human polymorphism.
alternatively , the mouse model may not be suitable to validate these rs1042522-associated traits up to the age tested.
regeneration of skeletal muscle depends on a population of adult stem cells ( satellite cells ) that remain quiescent throughout life.
satellite cell regenerative functions decline with ageing.
our results demonstrate that maintenance of quiescence in adult life depends on the active repression of senescence pathways.
as p16 ( ink4a ) is dysregulated in human geriatric satellite cells , these findings provide the basis for stem-cell rejuvenation in sarcopenic muscles.
although the body can synthesize l-arginine , exogenous supplementation may be sometimes necessary , especially in particular conditions which results in depleted endogenous source.
high-intensity exercise produces transient hyperammoniemia , presumably due to amp catabolism.
the enzymes of purine metabolism have been documented to be particularly sensitive to the effect of dietary l-arginine supplementation.
the central role of ampk in regulating cellular atp regeneration , makes this enzyme as a central control point in energy homeostasis.
objective : vitamin b12 ( b12 ) deficiency is most prevalent among older adults.
practice guidelines recommend screening older adults with symptoms of cognitive disorder for b12 deficiency.
however , guidelines for non-cognitive psychiatric disorders typically do not mention screening older adults for b12 deficiency.
design : we conducted a retrospective chart-review study of consecutive inpatient admissions.
setting : older adult acute psychiatric inpatient unit at the university of maryland medical center from 10 / @date@ / 2010.
participants : acute psychiatric inpatients aged ≥50 years who met inclusion criteria ( n = 374 ) .
context : osteoporosis is a systemic disease with a strong genetic component.
calcitonin receptors ( ctr ) are involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis.
there is no consensus whether ctr gene polymorphism plays a role in affecting pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
design : this was a cross-sectional study conducted in an academic hospital.
pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used at the 1377-bp site.
results : the frequency of polymorphic c / t alleles of the calcitonin receptor gene in each group fit the hardy-weinberg equilibrium model.
moreover , there was no significant difference ( p = @number@ ) between the combination of both ethnic groups and controls.
we attempted to examine the sensitivity and specificity of each of the five fried's criteria as a single screening test in the identification of frailty.
for walking speed , the sensitivity and specificity were @percent@ and @percent@ in men and @percent@ and @percent@ in women respectively.
for grip strength , the corresponding values were @percent@ and @percent@ in men ; and @percent@ and @percent@ in women.
for physical activity , they were @percent@ and @percent@ in men ; and @percent@ and @percent@ in women.
conclusion : either walking speed or grip strength measurement may be suitable for frailty screening in primary care or population health survey.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : primary health-care centres in jaen , spain.
participants : a total of @number@ chronically-ill elderly outpatients aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
measurements : quality of life was measured using the world health organization quality of life ( whoqol-bref ) questionnaire.
the mini-nutritional assessment test was used as an assessment tool to detect nutritional risk.
objectives : oxidative stress is considered the potential risk to the development of dementia.
however , few studies were conducted to examine their functions , especially in composite diet supplements.
therefore , our aim is to investigate the potential protective effects of hu-yi-neng on human neuron cells.
ho-1 mrna expression was detected by real-time pcr.
akt and erk @date@ proteins were detected by western blotting.
results : pretreatment with hu-yi-neng significantly reversed the decrease in cell viability induced by h2o2 in sh-sy5y cells.
furthermore , hu-yi-neng dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ros ) level.
hu-yi-neng protected sh-sy5y cells from oxidative stress may via the increase in mrna expression of heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) , an antioxidant enzyme.
in addition , hu-yi-neng inhibited h2o2-induced phosphorylation of akt kinase but further increased the phosphorylation of erk @date@ .
objectives : to assess the effect of mild forced physical training on cerebral blood volume ( cbv ) and other brain parameters in old mice.
setting : treadmill in the animal house.
measurements : cbv , quantitative transverse relaxation time ( t2 ) maps , and cortical thickness were measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
t2 maps analysis suggested that water distribution did not change.
t administration did not add to the effect of physical training.
design : prospective cohort study design.
setting : hong kong , people's of republic of china.
participants : there were @number@ ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) community-dwelling older people aged @number@ and older.
measurements : baseline total , animal and vegetable protein intakes were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
relative protein intake expressed as g / kg body weight was calculated and divided into quartiles for data analysis.
results : median relative total protein intake was @number@ g / kg body weight in men and @number@ g / kg body weight in women.
there was no association between relative vegetable protein intake and change in physical performance measures.
setting : geisinger rural aging study , pennsylvania.
conclusions : poor diet quality , as assessed by the dst , is associated with lower hrqol in adults ≥ @number@ years of age.
conclusions : tea consumption was associated with better physical functional performances in community-living older adults.
objectives : sarcopenia , the involuntary loss of skeletal muscle with age , affects up to one-quarter of older adults.
design : cross-sectional observational analysis of the relationship of dietary protein on body composition and physical performance.
setting : clinical research center.
participants : @number@ healthy women aged @number@ - @number@ years ( mean @number@ ± @number@ y ) .
independent samples t-tests determined mean differences between the above or below rda protein groups.
results : the subjects consumed an average of @number@ g protein / day representing @number@ g protein / kg body weight / day.
ninety-seven subjects ( @percent@ ) were in the low protein group , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were in the higher protein group.
the results were attenuated by correction for bmi , but remained significant.
the physical component of the sf-8 was also lower in the low protein group but did not remain significant when controlling for bmi.
no significant differences were found in hand grip strength or reported physical activity.
those in the low protein group had higher body fat and fat-to-lean ratio than those who consumed the higher protein diet.
upper and lower extremity function was impaired in those who consumed a low protein diet compared to those with a higher protein intake.
protein intake should be considered when evaluating the multi-factorial loss of physical function in older women.
the response rates were @percent@ ( n = 2511 ) and @percent@ ( n = 1637 ) , respectively.
the surveys included items on demographic and health related factors , used medication and self-reported supplemental use of vitamins or minerals , and natural products.
results : the proportion of respondents using at least one vmfo was @percent@ in @number@ and @percent@ in @number@ ( p < 0.001 ) .
at both time points the use of vmfo was associated with female gender and higher number of used medications.
in @number@ higher education was associated with vmfo-use while age and comorbidities was not.
in @number@ higher age and comorbidities was associated with vmfo-use.
conclusions : the use of vmfo is common among community-dwelling older people and it has significantly increased over ten years.
the increase was mainly due to the use of vitamin d and calcium.
the consumption of other vitamin supplements has decreased.
education was no longer associated with use of vfmo in @number@ where as age and comorbidities were.
therapeutic properties of tea camellia sinensis are of particular interest since it has been consumed for ages and was always regarded as safe beverage.
tea is most popular beverage in the world because of its attractive aroma , exceptional taste , health promoting and pharmaceutical potential.
current results showed that antioxidative , antibacterial and other health effects are attributed to its caffeine content and caffeine - polyphenols interactions.
an overview is given on caffeine content in different tea leaves beverage.
special attention is drawn to caffeine physiological effect on human organism.
controversies concerning the possible caffeine influence on human physical and psychological health are briefly summarized and presented.
the purpose of this study was to construct an integral formula of the ba , by using principle component analysis ( pca ) .
methods : the vital organ function of @number@ healthy individuals of han origin ( age 35-91 years ) was examined.
candidate indicators were submitted with ca to correlation and redundancy analyses.
the pca method was used to build an integral formula of the ba for the population.
results : seven biomarkers were selected in accordance with a certain load standard.
conclusion : several genetic and lifestyle indicators were considered as candidate markers of aging.
however , ultimately , only markers reflecting the function of the vital organs were included in the ba formula.
this study represents a useful attempt to employ multiple indicators to build a comprehensive ba evaluation formula of aging populations.
telomeres are structures that cap the ends of chromosomes.
currently , there are limited data on the influence that nutrition has on telomere length.
recent studies have suggested that micronutrients may influence telomere length.
these relationships were not observed in the younger adults , nor in the older males.
objectives : the impact of adiposity on mortality in older adults remains controversial.
some reports suggest that measures of general adiposity such as body mass index ( bmi ) predict better survival.
we assessed the relationship between measures of adiposity and mortality in older adults.
design : cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample.
setting : non-institutionalized persons in the united states participating in the national health and nutrition examination surveys iii and its linked mortality dataset.
participants : a subsample of @number@ non-institutionalized survey participants aged > 60 years with measures of body composition using bioimpedance.
data from @number@ subjects were analysed.
proportional-hazard models evaluated the association of anthropometric indices with overall and cardiovascular mortality.
results : mean age was @number@.4years , and 265 ( @percent@ ) were > 80 years.
there were 717 ( @percent@ ) women and @number@ deaths of which @number@ [ @percent@ ] were cardiovascular related.
elevated %bf was associated with reduced mortality from cardiovascular causes ( hr @number@ [ @number@ @date@ ] ) .
further studies need to elucidate a possible protective role and interplay between adiposity and skeletal muscle in older adults.
objectives : little is known about socio-economic differences in dietary intake among older adults.
design : cross sectional data-analyses.
settings : the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) , the netherlands.
subjects : @number@ community dwelling older adults , aged 55-85 years.
measurements : fruit , vegetable and fish intake was assessed using a short food frequency questionnaire.
we measured ses using self-reported levels of education , household income and occupational prestige.
occupational prestige was not independently associated with adherence any the guidelines.
education and income have independent and unique contributions to dietary adherence.
future research should investigate potential pathways through which these specific ses indicators influence dietary adherence.
background : obesity is a risk factor for disability , but risk of specific adipose depots is not completely understood.
bmi was determined from measured height and weight.
adipose tissue area and density in hounsfield units were measured in the thigh and abdomen by using computed tomography.
mobility limitation was defined as @number@ consecutive reports of difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing @number@ steps during semiannual assessments over @number@ y.
poor performance was defined as a gait speed < 1 m / s after @number@ y of follow-up ( n = @number@ ) .
in women , thigh sat area was positively associated with mobility limitation risk , whereas vat density was inversely associated.
associations were similar for poor performance.
bmi and thigh imat area ( independent of bmi ) were particularly strong indicators of incident mobility limitation and poor performance.
conclusions : even into old age , higher bmi is associated with mobility limitation and poor performance.
the amount of adipose tissue in abdominal and thigh depots may also convey risk beyond bmi.
methods to estimate energy requirements have not been devised for this patient group.
objective : the goal was to develop equations to estimate energy requirements of als patients.
we then developed statistical models to estimate tdee by using factors easily obtained during a routine clinical visit.
we developed a web-based calculator to facilitate its use.
by using these models , the estimate of tdee for nutritional maintenance was ±500 kcal / d across the spectrum of als progression.
conclusions : our results emphasize the importance of physical function and body composition in estimating tdee.
purpose : frailty , a multifactorial biological syndrome characterized by a cumulative dysregulation of physiological processes , is associated with changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
the aim of this study was to quantify the effect of frailty on glomerular filtration of drugs , using the probe drug gentamicin.
population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling ( nonmem program ) to determine the impact of frailty on gentamicin clearance.
conclusions : frailty may independently predict reduced clearance of gentamicin in older patients.
frailty could be considered in the development of dosing guidelines for drugs that undergo significant excretion through glomerular filtration.
background : weight loss is associated with a higher mortality risk in old age , but the underlying cause may impact this association.
we examined associations between causes of intentional and unintentional weight loss and weight gain and mortality.
self-reported weight loss or gain and causes were measured during a personal interview.
time-dependent cox regression was used to model the association between weight loss and gain causes and subsequent 3-year mortality.
results : at baseline , @percent@ reported weight loss ( mean = @number@ kg , sd = @number@ ) in @number@ months.
weight loss due to medical or social reasons was often regained in subsequent @number@ years while weight loss due to other causes was not.
conclusions : weight loss due to social reasons was not associated with mortality suggesting that not all unintentional weight loss is harmful.
the increased mortality risk of other causes of unintentional weight loss may be related to underlying disease.
intentional weight loss was not associated with mortality.
background : vascular disease has been postulated to contribute to muscle dysfunction in old age.
previous studies examining the effects of cardiovascular drugs on muscle function have shown conflicting results.
methods : we analysed prospectively collected data from the hertfordshire cohort study ( hcs ) .
analyses were conducted separately for males and females.
results : @number@ participants were included in the analysis , mean age @number@ years.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) were male ; mean follow-up time was @number@ years.
there were no differences in baseline grip between baseline users and non-users of any drug class.
adjusted grip strength change per year was similar for each group of ace inhibitor use ( p > @number@ ) .
similar analyses revealed no significant between-group differences for statin or thiazide use.
analysis of dropout rates by medication use revealed no evidence of selection bias.
it has been suggested that expert outlining yields poorer reproducibility as compared to automated methods , but this has not been investigated.
to assess reproducibility of the measured hippocampal volume change , both back-to-back ( btb ) mprage scans available for each visit were analyzed.
hippocampal volume change was expressed in μl , and as a percentage of baseline volume.
using the delta method , approximate p-values were calculated for the pairwise comparisons between methods.
statistical analyses were performed both with inclusion and exclusion of visibly incorrect segmentations.
approximate p-values indicated that reproducibility was better for freesurfer than for manual or first , and that manual and first did not differ.
inclusion of failed automated segmentations led to worsening of reproducibility of both automated methods for 1-year raw and percentage volume change.
therefore , a need exists for efficient nonsubjective monitoring methods.
wearable monitoring devices are rapidly becoming a recognized option in rehabilitation for quantitative measures.
this study aims to assist physiotherapists ' clinical reasoning process through the incorporation of accelerometers as part of an electronic data acquisition system.
methods : a simple , low-cost , wearable device for poststroke rehabilitation progress monitoring was developed based on commercially available inertial sensors.
accelerometry data acquisition was performed for @number@ first-time poststroke patients during a reach-press-return task.
conclusion : an inertial data acquisition system was designed and developed as a low-cost option for monitoring rehabilitation.
impairments in learning and recall have been well established in amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) .
participants with amci , nonamnestic mci , ad , and healthy older adults were administered the california verbal learning test-ii ( cvlt-ii ) .
measures of semantic clustering and recall were obtained across learning and delayed recall trials.
in addition , we investigated whether deficits in semantic clustering were related to progression from healthy aging to amci and from amci to ad.
( jins , @number@ @number@ 1-11 ) .
background : we evaluated whether quality of life correlates to age and activity in children following heart transplantation.
in addition , quality of life in children following heart transplantation was compared with previously reported values in children with congenital heart disease.
quality of life remains an important aspect of therapy.
methods : the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and cardiac module were administered to @number@ children who had previously undergone heart transplantation.
patients wore a pedometer for @number@ days to assess daily activity.
results : the age at assessment was @number@.1±1.9 years.
the patients were @number@.1±5.7 years post heart transplantation.
a negative correlation between patient's age at assessment and perceived physical appearance existed ( r = -0.53 ; p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : paediatric heart transplantation patients reported overall similar quality of life as patients with moderate congenital heart disease.
children receiving heart transplants at an older age may require additional emotional and educational support.
their dental casts were digitized with a 3-dimensional ( 3-d ) laser scanner , reconstructed into 3-d images , and measured with imageware.
an unpaired t-test was performed using statistical analysis software.
several common items with significant differences were observed in the mandibular measurements.
aims : with the advent of climate change , it is important that strategies be put in place to minimise the effects of heat.
these impacts can be compounded by other factors such as location and age.
this exploratory pilot study focuses on older people in a rural victorian community that regularly experiences hot weather.
method : mixed methods - including a focus group , household interviews , daily diaries and collection of meteorological data.
results : the community is generally well adapted to heat with all having modified their homes and behaviours to cope with extreme heat.
there was , however , little understanding or planning regarding the potential health impacts of heat.
aim : to describe the prevalence and correlates of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking among older australian men.
results : the prevalence of heavy / excessive drinking was @percent@ , daily drinking @percent@ , and binge drinking @percent@.
daily drinking was associated with chronic pain ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
six per cent of men were current smokers and @percent@ were former smokers.
conclusions : nearly one-fifth of older men drank heavily or excessively.
this highlights the need for public health initiatives to reduce alcohol consumption in older people.
method : twenty-six semi-structured interviews were undertaken with community stakeholders across two rural communities in north-east victoria.
stakeholders were drawn from local government , and a range of community groups and organisations , as identified in a scoping study.
conclusions : community resources are integral in facilitating the development of older people's individual resources , and opportunities and capabilities for participation.
these enable greater choice in participation , and contribute to the sustainability of community resources serving ageing populations.
aim : to describe short-term mortality among residential aged care ( rac ) residents in auckland , new zealand.
method : prospective follow-up , @number@ residents ( median age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) from census-type survey ( @date@ ) ; @number@ facilities.
mortality data from central sources.
results : eight hundred and sixty-one ( @percent@ ) died by @number@ months.
conclusions : rac mortality ( especially post admission ) is high.
training and resource in the sector should reflect this.
data regarding their health were compared.
results : health outcomes at baseline for mow pn and non-mow pn were not different , but both were worse than the wn.
over @number@ months , weight loss was ∼2-3 times greater in both pn than wn groups.
method : a postal-based cross-sectional survey was carried out with @number@ gp practices randomly selected using the irish college of general practitioners database.
results : response rate was @percent@.
only @percent@ of gps always / often used the irish road safety authority handbook when assessing ftd with @percent@ not aware of its existence.
of responders , @percent@ were of the opinion that a clinical assessment tool would be of benefit in assessing ftd.
conclusion : our study highlights the need for education and training for irish gps on ftd assessment in the older people patient population.
conclusion : dementia services in nsw hospitals are closely aligned with acs and smhsop , with limited dementia services in hospitals without acs or smhsop.
methods : qualitative interviews were conducted with ten experts from different areas across australia.
lifestyle and wealth were recognised as staple features of the popular image.
to a lesser degree , the experts also recognised alternative characteristics and behaviours , including people with disabilities and those who struggle financially.
conclusions : experts appeared to identify with the popular baby boomer label , but not necessarily the accompanying stereotypes.
we express secretory forms of human aβ1-40 or aβ1-42 in drosophila neurons and observe preferential localization of aβ1-42 within ael vesicles.
aβ1-40 , in contrast , appears to partially localize in extracellular spaces in whole brain and is preferentially secreted by cultured neurons.
as animals become older , ael vesicles become dysfunctional , enlarge and their turnover appears delayed.
genetic inhibition of ael function results in decreased aβ1-42 accumulation.
moreover , the aβ1-42-containing ael vesicles share properties with ad-like extracellular plaques.
we propose that dysfunctional ael vesicles may thus be the source of amyloid-like plaque accumulation in aβ1-42-expressing drosophila with potential relevance for ad.
objectives : early signs of dementia may raise concerns in family members as to the safety of the affected person when engaged in common activities.
our focus is on driving , cooking and paying bills , with a prediction that most carers ' concern would be over driving.
conclusion : carer concerns for those diagnosed with dementia shift with the progression of cognitive changes , with concerns declining over the 10-year period.
lipids in the skin are the most diverse in the entire human body.
their bioactivity in health and disease is underexplored.
an enzyme which synthesizes it , prostaglandin d2 synthase ( ptgds or lipocalin-pgds ) , is hormone responsive in multiple other organs.
pgd2 has two known receptors , gpr44 and ptgdr.
gpr44 was found to be necessary for the decrease in hair growth by pgd2 .
this creates an exciting opportunity to perhaps create novel treatments for aga , which inhibit the activity of ptgds , pgd2 or gpr44.
this review discusses the current knowledge surrounding pgd2 , and future steps needed to translate these findings into novel therapies for patients with aga.
dimensional analysis was used to analyse @number@ interviews.
results : aged care staff focused primarily on health outcomes and identified and addressed several previously undiagnosed conditions.
the primary concern of staff from the residents ' former group homes was social isolation.
families acknowledged the health benefits but were equally concerned about social isolation.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study.
two hundred and fifty-seven older people were involved and a multistage random sampling method was utilised.
logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for psychological distress among older men and women.
results : a higher prevalence of psychological distress was observed in older women than in older men.
loss of family members and displacement from pre-earthquake residence were significant risk factors for psychological distress in older men.
conclusions : health-care providers should develop gender-based strategies to improve mental health among older survivors in a long-term post-disaster recovery programme.
thus , delineating potentially hiv-specific pathogenetic mechanisms is crucial in order to tailor novel strategies for prophylaxis and treatment.
objectives : biological and environmental factors are thought to contribute to the development of cognitive decline ( cd ) .
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ϵ4 allele is the greatest known genetic risk factor.
methods : participants consisted of community-dwelling older adults from the duke established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly ( n = @number@ ) .
data were drawn from two waves , which were three years apart.
cognitive functioning was assessed at both waves using the short portable mental status ( spmsq ) .
inconsistent with predictions , there was a significant interaction between stress and race such that increased stressful events predicted cd in caucasians but not african-americans.
conclusions : recent stressful late-life events have a greater impact on the cognitive status of individuals with an ϵ4 allele.
results : ten women and one man ( median age = @number@ years , interquartile range = @number@ ) participated.
statistically significant declines in the rmbpc and pw-bcip were observed over the study period.
conclusion : preliminary evidence suggests that a dementia-specific , aquatic exercise intervention reduces bpsd and improves psychological well-being in people with moderate to severe dementia.
with further testing , this innovative intervention may prove effective in addressing some of the most challenging aspects of dementia care.
introduction : penile rigidity depends on maximizing inflow while minimizing outflow.
aim : the aim of this review is to describe the principal factors and mechanisms involved.
main outcome measure : erectile quality is the main outcome measure.
methods : data from the pertinent literature were examined to inform our conclusions.
results : nitric oxide ( no ) is the principal factor increasing blood flow into the penis.
extrinsic pressure by the pelvic floor muscles further raises intracavernosal pressure above maximum inflow pressure to achieve full penile rigidity.
aging and poor lifestyle choices are associated with metabolic impediments to no production.
these approaches to maximizing erectile function are complementary rather than competitive , as they operate on entirely different aspects of erectile hydraulics.
objectives : older adults who have experienced traumatic events earlier in life may be especially vulnerable to additional challenges associated with aging.
in a cross-sectional study of older females , the present study examines whether a history of rape is associated with current psychological and health problems.
it was determined whether or not the participant experienced forced sexual contact since the age of @number@
results : adult rape occurred in @percent@ of the sample.
on average , @number@ years had elapsed since the rape had occurred.
using structural equation modeling ( sem ) , rape was associated with lower self-esteem , psychological , and physical health functioning.
self-esteem partially mediated the association between rape and psychological functioning , but not health functioning.
these associations were significant even after controlling for participant characteristics and risky health behaviors.
aim : to evaluate the associations between refraining from buying prescribed medications and selected factors among older persons.
methods : a total of @number@ people aged 60-84 years from seven european countries answered a questionnaire ( response rate @percent@ ) .
refraining from buying prescribed medications was measured with the question : ' have you ever refrained from buying prescribed medication and care ? '
results : about @percent@ of older people refrained from buying prescribed medications.
differences in funding levels were calculated using acfi and rcs instruments against a standardised cape score.
results : cape dependency rcs funding per resident per day varied from $ 32.20 for grade a to $ 116.20 for grade e4 residents.
cape acfi funding varied from $ @time@ grade a to $ 127.50 for grade e4.
conclusions : the acfi does provide a small but not significant increase in funding to residents in residential care.
it redirects funding to higher dependency residents.
background : cognitive decline contributes significantly to the safety risk of older drivers.
some drivers may be able to compensate for the increased crash risk by avoiding complex driving situations or restricting their driving.
results : twelve studies were included in the review.
the majority of studies investigated driver avoidance , followed by driver restriction.
few studies ascertained the reasons for changing driving behaviour.
conclusions : the evidence supports the view that drivers with cognitive impairment do restrict their driving and avoid complex driving situations.
aim : to determine the accuracy of self-reported anthropometric measurements in older australian adults 60-70 years.
method : self-reported anthropometric data from @number@ community-dwelling participants ( mean age @number@ years ) were compared with technician measurements.
difference and agreement were assessed using paired t-tests , correlation coefficients and bland-altman plots.
concordance correlation coefficients were generally high except for whr.
self-reported circumference measures appeared to be more accurate than the derived whr.
the bland-altman plots revealed wide limits of agreement for all measures.
conclusion : self-reported values correlated well with technician measured values and average discrepancies were small.
aim : we sought to understand strategies employed by baby boomers to maintain well-being and facilitate transition to later life.
method : a non-clinical cohort ( n = @number@ ) provided qualitative data about well-being strategies.
results : longitudinal predictors were depression history ( cognitive trait and repeated episodes ) and quality of partner's care.
' highly satisfied older people ' reported proactive strategies , contrasted with lack of planning by ' dissatisfied older people'.
' resilient older people' , with high life satisfaction despite repeated depressive episodes , reported benefit from strategies dealing with adversity , including depression.
in ' resilient older people ' adaptive strategies can lead to achievement of life satisfaction despite repeated depressive episodes.
this study elucidated whether components of sc are linked to the psychogeriatric health of older japanese individuals.
method : data for @number@ eligible older people living in three rural areas were collected.
however , we observed no relationship between general trust and health outcomes.
aim : to explore medical decision making in octogenarians having cardiac surgery.
results : octogenarian's motivations for having cardiac surgery include survival , relief of symptoms , convenience and improving quality of life.
the decision to have surgery involved clinical advice by doctors that the time had come to take up a surgical option.
patient's decisions did not take into account alternative treatment options either because these had not been presented by doctors or because medical management had failed.
the final decision was made by patients.
this underlines the importance of effective risk communication by doctors to help patients make appropriate medical decisions.
aim : to evaluate the effect of a singing program developed specifically for older community-dwelling people on measures of health and well-being.
results : standard outcome measures indicated that the program had little effect on health and well-being.
however , study-specific measures indicated that many participants had positive gains.
those in the home care group required more assistance to attend and continue in the program than those in the general community.
participants reported that the community-based singing facilitator was essential to the program's success.
results : finally , @number@ cases were included , @number@ in the treatment group and @number@ in the control.
conclusion : l-carnitine combined with tadalafil is safe and effective for the treatment of loh with ed.
we studied the relationship between ed and luts by univariate conditional logistic regression analysis.
logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relation of ed with aging and luts ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the the incidence of ed is high in men with luts and increases with aging and the severity of luts.
endoglin ( eng ) is a causative gene of type @number@ hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht1 ) .
hht1 patients have a higher prevalence of brain arteriovenous malformation ( avm ) than the general population and patients with other hht subtypes.
the pathogenesis of brain avm in hht1 patients is currently unknown and no specific medical therapy is available to treat patients.
proper animal models are crucial for identifying the underlying mechanisms for brain avm development and for testing new therapies.
an adeno-associated viral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor ( aav-vegf ) was injected into the brain to induce focal angiogenesis.
we found that sm22α-cre-mediated eng deletion in the embryo caused avms in the postnatal brain , spinal cord , and intestines.
induction of eng deletion in adult mice using r26creer plus local vegf stimulation induced the brain avm phenotype.
in both models , eng-null endothelial cells were detected in the brain avm lesions , and formed mosaicism with wildtype endothelial cells.
however , lysm-cre-mediated eng deletion in the embryo did not cause avm in the postnatal brain even after vegf stimulation.
further , our data indicate that macrophage eng deletion is insufficient and that endothelial eng homozygous deletion is required for hht1 brain avm development.
our results show that pre-treatment with asta ( @number@ µm ) for @number@ h attenuates the lps-induced toxicity and ros production.
we accordingly hypothesize that asta has therapeutic properties protecting u937 cells from lps-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress.
the circadian timing system controls daily rhythms of physiology and behavior , and disruption of clock function can trigger stressful life events.
daily exposure to cigarette smoke ( cs ) can lead to alteration in diverse biological and physiological processes.
smoking is associated with mood disorders , including depression and anxiety.
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) have abnormal circadian rhythms , reflected by daily changes in respiratory symptoms and lung function.
corticosterone ( cort ) is an adrenal steroid that plays a considerable role in stress and anti-inflammatory responses.
serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine ; 5ht ) is a neurohormone , which plays a role in sleep / wake regulation and affective disorders.
secretion of stress hormones ( cort and 5ht ) is under the control of the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
acute cs appeared to have subtle time-dependent effects on cort levels but more pronounced effects on 5ht.
as compared with cort , plasma 5ht was slightly elevated in smokers but was reduced in patients with copd.
thus , the effects of cs on plasma 5ht were consistent between mice and patients with copd.
objective : institutionalised elderly people at northern latitudes may be at elevated risk for vitamin d deficiency.
in addition to osteoporosis-related disorders , vitamin d deficiency may influence several medical conditions conferring an increased mortality risk.
the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its association with mortality.
methods : we analysed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d₃ ( 25 ( oh ) d₃ ) at baseline.
vital status of the subjects was ascertained and hazard ratios ( hrs ) for mortality according to 25 ( oh ) d₃ quartiles were calculated.
results : we examined @number@ study participants with a mean follow-up of @number@ years.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients died within this period.
the vitamin d levels decreased from baseline to the second and third measurements.
conclusions : vitamin d deficiency was highly prevalent and associated with increased mortality among the elderly in swedish nursing homes.
autophagy also plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis in kidney and counteracts age-related stress and kidney diseases.
here , we critically review the current evidence regarding autophagy in the kidney , in particular as assessed with tissue- or cell lineage-specific autophagy-deficient mice.
better insight into the mechanisms underlying renoprotective roles of autophagy will pave the way toward novel therapies for kidney diseases.
cellular senescence contributes to tissue and organismal aging , tumor suppression and progress , tissue repair and regeneration , and age-related diseases.
thus , aging intervention might be a promising target for treatment and prevention of diverse age-related diseases.
juglanin decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity ( sa-β-gal ) and the level of reactive oxygen species in senescent cells induced by adriamycin treatment.
juglanin also repressed sa-β-gal activity in hdfs under replicative senescence.
objective : sleep problems are prevalent among older adults who are at risk of developing dementia.
until now , there have been relatively few studies investigating subjective sleep quality in these individuals.
the second objective was to verify whether sleep parameters associated with cind differ between men and women.
methods : the population sample consisted of @number@ french-speaking older adults from québec ( canada ) aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
all participants completed the pittsburgh sleep quality index , and responses of cind and non-cind individuals were compared.
student's t-tests were performed to compare characteristics of cind and non-cind individuals ; data from male and female participants were analyzed separately.
moreover , the association between each sleep variable and cind was measured by odds ratios based on logistic regression.
results : on the whole , analyses revealed no significant association between subjective sleep parameters and cind.
moreover , no difference was observed between men and women regarding subjective sleep quality.
conclusions : overall , these results suggest that subjective measures of sleep do not allow differentiating cognitively impaired older individuals from those with normal cognition.
introduction : ultrasonography can detect structural muscle changes caused by neuromuscular disease , but it has not yet been applied to facial nerve diseases.
methods : bilateral scans of multiple mimic and masticatory muscles were performed at rest and during contraction in @number@ volunteers , aged 21-93 years.
results : almost all mimic muscles , but not the temporalis muscles , had symmetric size.
the muscle sizes showed gender differences and a muscle-specific correlation with body weight , but not with age.
conclusions : these data provide normative values that can be used in clinical practice.
the visual acuity and cognitive measures had different age trajectories , and the visual acuity-cognition relations were similar in each 5-year age band.
purpose : the choroid plays a vital role in the health of the outer retina.
while measurements of choroid using optical coherence tomography show altered thickness in aging and macular disease , detailed histopathologic and proteomic analyses are lacking.
in this study we sought to evaluate biochemical differences in human donor eyes between very thin and thick choroids.
methods : one hundred forty-one eyes from @number@ donors ( mean age ± standard deviation , @number@ ± @number@ ) were studied.
proteins from the rpe-choroid of eyes with thick and thin choroids were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and / or mass spectrometry.
two proteins with altered abundance were confirmed using western blot analysis.
results : donor eyes showed a normal distribution of thicknesses.
eyes with geographic atrophy had significantly thinner choroids than age-matched controls or early amd eyes.
conclusions : consistent with clinical imaging observations , geographic atrophy was associated with choroidal thinning.
biochemical data suggest an alteration in the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors in eyes that lie at the extremes of choroidal thickness.
an improved understanding of the basic mechanisms associated with choroidal thinning may guide the development of new therapies for amd.
background : aging and age-related health problems are major issues of concern for community health services.
yoga is an exercise with both physiological and psychological effects on aging.
although many studies have assessed the effectiveness of yoga in the elderly , little information is available in the literature to support empirical conclusions.
purpose : this review synthesizes and characterizes findings related to the effects of yoga on depression and quality of sleep in the elderly.
inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen identified study abstracts.
the jadad scale appraised the quality of identified studies.
results : seven studies met the inclusion criteria.
five studies found significant changes in participant depression symptoms after doing yoga.
three studies found significant effects on the quality of sleep of participants after @number@ months of doing yoga.
conclusion : yoga significantly reduced the depressive symptoms of elderly participants and improved their quality of sleep after @number@ months.
findings were similar for elderly living in institutions and in the community.
classification of individuals based on patterns of brain activity observed in functional mri contrasts may be helpful for diagnosis of neurological disorders.
modulation profiles were used within a non-linear svm framework to classify individuals as young or older.
moreover , class separability , measured by a divergence criterion , was substantially higher when using the combination of activation maps.
in the last @number@ years the resident population of portugal has increased @percent@ , along with a progressive ageing.
this study aims assessing the social dependence and frailty , as well as social and familial support needs of the elderly.
adipogenesis and lipid accumulation during aging have a great impact on the aging process and the pathogenesis of chronic , age-related diseases.
however , little is known about the age-related molecular changes in lipid accumulation and the mechanisms underlying them.
taken together , these data suggest that reduction in pgc-1α expression and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy might contribute to lipid accumulation during aging.
the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is a conserved pathway that allows mitochondrial chaperones and other factors to be induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction.
activation of this pathway has been proposed to underlie lifespan extension from knockdown or mutation of several nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes in caenorhabditis elegans.
in fact , the influence of snacking likely varies with different target populations.
however , these dietary behaviors may have a different consequence among adults ( 18-60 years ) experiencing psychosocial stress as measured by food insecurity.
food insecurity refers to the condition in which individuals do not have access at all times to enough food for an active , healthful life.
thus , the relationship between snacking frequency and overall dietary quality among adults ( ≥20 years ) will be described.
developing recommendations regarding snacking and meal frequency is extremely problematic for numerous reasons.
one universal dietary recommendation regarding snacking and meal frequency is not appropriate for every life-stage group.
also , research has demonstrated that individuals view snacking as an unhealthy behavior.
descriptive alternatives to the term snacking are needed in developing messages for health promotion campaigns.
dna-damage response and repair are crucial to maintain genetic stability , and are consequently considered central to aging and longevity.
here , we investigate whether this pathway overall associates to longevity , and whether specific sub-processes are more strongly associated with longevity than others.
the study population was @number@ long-lived and @number@ middle-aged danes.
for hrr and recq , only one gene contributed to the significance , whereas for ber several genes contributed.
these associations did , however , generally not pass correction for multiple testing.
still , these findings indicate that , of the entire pathway , variation in ber might influence longevity the most.
these modest sized p-values were not replicated in a german sample.
this might , though , be due to differences in genotyping procedures and investigated snps , potentially inducing differences in the coverage of gene regions.
specifically , five genes were not covered at all in the german data.
therefore , investigations in additional study populations are needed before final conclusion can be drawn.
purpose : we investigated age related changes in urodynamic parameters in @number@ large cohorts of women planning stress urinary incontinence surgery.
patients excluded from analysis had undergone prior stress urinary incontinence surgery or had prolapse stage greater than ii.
propensity score analysis controlled for the potential bias of combining participants from @number@ clinical trials.
results : a total of @number@ women ( @number@ in sister and @number@ in tomus ) were included in analysis.
mean age was @number@ years in sister ( range @number@ to @number@ ) and @number@ years ( range @number@ to @number@ ) in tomus.
noninvasive maximum urinary flow decreased significantly with age ( @number@ vs @number@ ml per second , p = 0.002 ) .
hypocontractility was more likely in women @number@ years old or older ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
conclusions : in these @number@ cohorts the observed changes in voiding parameters suggest that detrusor contractility and efficiency decrease with age.
epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that early vascular dysfunction occurs in low-birth-weight subjects , especially preterm ( pt ) infants.
we recently reported impaired angiogenic activity of endothelial colony-forming cells ( ecfcs ) in this condition.
we hypothesized that ecfc dysfunction in pt might result from premature senescence and investigated the underlying mechanisms.
increased p16 ( ink4a ) expression , in the absence of telomere shortening , indicates that premature pt-ecfc aging results from stress-induced senescence.
sirt1 level , a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase with anti-aging activities , is dramatically decreased in pt-ecfcs and correlated with gestational age.
sirt1 deficiency is subsequent to epigenetic silencing of its promoter.
transient sirt1 overexpression or chemical induction by resveratrol treatment reverses senescence phenotype , and rescues in vitro pt-ecfc angiogenic defect in a sirt1-dependent manner.
sirt1 overexpression also restores pt-ecfc capacity for neovessel formation in vivo.
we thus demonstrate that decreased expression of sirt1 drives accelerated senescence of pt-ecfcs , and acts as a critical determinant of the pt-ecfc angiogenic defect.
these findings lay new grounds for understanding the increased cardiovascular risk in individuals born prematurely and open perspectives for therapeutic strategy.
early blindness results in both structural and functional changes of the brain.
however , these changes have rarely been studied in relation to each other.
we measured alterations in cortical thickness ( ct ) caused by early visual deprivation and their relationship with cortical activity.
structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in @number@ early blind ( eb ) humans and @number@ sighted controls ( sc ) .
experimental conditions included one-back tasks for auditory localization and pitch identification , and a simple sound-detection task.
activity-dependent effects of early sensory deprivation and long-term practice are superimposed on normal maturation and aging.
together these processes shape the relationship between brain structure and function over the lifespan.
background : vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
in this study , the involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) signalling in osteoblastic differentiation of vsmcs is investigated.
methods : calcification of vsmcs was induced in vitro using β-glycerophosphate ( β-gp ) .
real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger rna ( mrna ) expression , and western blot was used to detect protein expression.
inhibition of mtor expression was established by small interfering rna ( sirna ) and mtor inhibitors.
results : the model for osteoblastic differentiation of vsmcs was established in vitro by treating mouse vsmcs with @number@ mm β-gp for 3-15 days.
overexpression of mtor was observed in differentiated vsmcs.
furthermore , adiponectin inhibited the mrna and protein expression of mtor in β-gp-treated vsmcs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
conclusions : mtor signalling plays a crucial role in the osteoblastic differentiation of vsmcs.
rapamycin and adiponectin might inhibit vascular calcification through regulation of the mtor pathway.
background : population aging is expected to result in a substantial additional burden on healthcare resources in the near future.
methods : patients with ibd from a dutch multicenter cohort filled out 3-monthly questionnaires for @number@ years.
prevalence rates were obtained from a health insurance database.
between @number@ and @number@ the percentage of elderly ibd patients in the netherlands has been projected to rise from @percent@ to @percent@.
population aging accounted for @percent@ of this increase , next to rising prices ( @percent@ ) , and volume growth ( @percent@ ) .
cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) overexpression is implicated in increased risk and poorer outcomes in breast cancer in young women.
we investigated cox-2 regulation in normal premenopausal breast tissue and its relationship to malignancy in young women.
ovarian hormones , particularly at pregnancy levels , were identified as modulators of cox-2 in normal mammary epithelium.
however , serial breast biopsy analysis in nonpregnant premenopausal women suggested relatively stable baseline levels of cox-2 expression , which persisted independent of menstrual cycling.
in the very elderly , the decline in such functions appears to relate to a reduced expression of certain co-stimulatory molecules expressed by t lymphocytes.
bioactive compounds are considered safe and have been shown to alter genetic and epigenetic profiles of tumor cells.
however , many of these changes have been reported at molecular concentrations higher than physiologically achievable levels.
this was found to be regulated by the decrease in hdac1 , dnmt1 , survivin and hdac activity in all three cell lines.
a g2 / m arrest was observed for rko and hct-116 cells , and g1 arrest for ht-29 colorectal cancer cells for combinatorial treatment.
further , we observed a decrease in global cpg methylation.
objective : to determine the rate of long-term cochlear implant ( ci ) use in children.
study design : consecutive case series.
setting : tertiary referral center.
patients : approximately @number@ patients younger than @number@ years who received a first ci from @number@ to @number@
interventions : cochlear implantation.
main outcome measure ( s ) : regular ci use , defined as using the ci for @number@ hours or greater per day.
results : we successfully contacted and obtained follow-up data on @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) via email , telephone , and postal survey.
the mean number of hours of use per day was @number@ hours ( sd , @number@ h ) .
cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated a linear association between the age at implantation and the risk of discontinuing regular ci use.
rates of ci discontinuation increased by @percent@ per year of age at implantation ( @percent@ ci , @number@.2%-30.4% ) .
background : serum pre-adipocyte factor-1 ( pref-1 ) is an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation that increases in small for gestational age fetuses.
it plays a role in adipose metabolism and is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood.
we hypothesized that preadipocyte factor-1 ( pref-1 ) concentration is altered in fetuses born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) .
birth weight was significantly higher in gdm fetuses compared to normal pregnancies ( 3567±544 vs. 3253±370 g , p = 0.003 ) .
conclusions : pregnancies complicated by gdm have decreased fetal pref-1 concentrations compared to normal pregnancies.
these differences may be significant in terms of their later development of metabolic conditions.
we found that artesunate ( art ) inhibited the growth of mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells.
art arrested the cell cycle in the g2 / m phase , which was accompanied by an upregulation of p21.
art upregulated the expression of beclin1 , an initiator of autophagy ( type ii programmed cell death ) .
in addition , art stimulated the aggregation of lc3 , which is considered to be a marker of autophagosome formation.
we further verified the transformation of lc3 from type i into type ii.
3-ma , a classical autophagy inhibitor , attenuated art-induced autophagosome formation , cell growth repression , g2 / m arrest , and p21 upregulation.
autophagy induction and p21 upregulation were also repressed by knockdown of beclin1.
furthermore , art sensitized breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin through an autophagy-dependent cascade.
our study showed that art induced autophagy in breast cancer cells and indicated that the anticancer effects of art were exerted through an autophagy pathway.
moreover , art sensitized breast cancer cells to epirubicin chemotherapy.
our results provide a basis for further development of art as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
background : the change in volume of anatomic structures is as a sensitive indicator of alzheimer disease ( ad ) progression.
although several methods are available to measure brain volumes , improvements in speed and automation are required.
the mtl of the baseline image was then mapped onto the corresponding follow-up image to measure volume change ( δmtl ) .
the method was compared to the freesurfer segmentation tools.
the δmtl was correlated with cognitive decline.
objectives : possessions constitute a dynamic \ "material convoy \ " that accumulates across adulthood to furnish role enactments and the development of the self.
following a familiar life course arc , older people should hypothetically release the possessions that equipped the daily lives that they no longer have.
results : after age @number@ people are progressively less likely to divest themselves of belongings.
discussion : further research on this age pattern might consider housing , the construction of the self , and social networks as explanations for retention.
dna damage plays an important role in mutagenesis , carcinogenesis , aging and several other pathophysiological conditions.
crotonaldehyde is a four carbon unsaturated bifunctional aldehyde produced both exogenously and endogenously.
it reacts with deoxyguanosine in dna to form adducts.
in this study , crotonaldehyde induced modifications of human dna were evaluated by various physicochemical techniques.
crosslinking of dna was evident by agarose gel electrophoresis of s1 nuclease digested dna , hydroxyapatite chromatography and comet assay.
the crotonaldehyde modified dna induced high titer antibodies in experimental animals which showed high specificity towards the immunogen.
spectroscopic studies revealed structural alterations in the dna molecule upon crotonaldehyde treatment which result in the generation of neoepitopes and enhanced immunogenicity.
the possible role of crotonaldehyde-modified dna in cancer has been suggested.
we sought to identify predictors of morbidity after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) using a large national contemporary population-based cohort.
outcomes included blood-transfusion rates , length of stay , complications , reintervention rates , and perioperative mortality.
multivariable logistic-regression analysis evaluated the predictors of perioperative morbidity and mortality.
lep was found to be associated with decreased prolonged length of stay ( or = 0.35 ; p = 0.01 ) .
men with advanced age at surgery and non-caucasians were at increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
conclusions : all three surgical modalities for bph management were found to be safe.
advanced age and non-caucasian race were independent predictors of adverse outcomes after bph surgery.
in patients with these attributes , conservative treatment might be a reasonable alternative.
also , preoperative hematocrit and albumin levels represent reliable predictors of adverse outcomes , suggesting that these markers should be evaluated before bph surgery.
the goal of this study was to assess the age-dependent changes of the sc barrier function and the associated physiological parameters.
methods : this study was conducted on @number@ french women divided into four groups of age.
measurements were done on three sites : cheek , protected , and exposed arm sites.
results : transepidermal water loss decreases slightly with age , which is partially explained by the age-dependent increase in sc thickness.
this decrease is faster for the face compared to both arm sites.
the lipid to protein ratio and lipid compactness decrease significantly with age only for the arm sites.
water concentration profiles only decrease very close to the skin surface.
comparison of the exposed to unexposed arm site showed difference only for the lipid compactness at the older group studied.
conclusion : skin aging , body site and environmental exposure can affect the sc barrier function , its structure , and its lipid content.
the thickening of the sc with age compensates for the decrease of the quantity and ordering of the lipidic cement.
many older adults ( seniors ) experience problems with getting enough sleep.
because of the link between sleep and circadian rhythms , changes in bedtime lead to changes in the amount of sleep obtained.
although primarily determined genetically , chronotype changes with advancing age towards a more morning-type ( m-type ) orientation.
the aim of this study was to see whether this relationship differs for m-type seniors , as compared to seniors outside the m-type category.
antigen presentation by mhc class i molecules requires degradation of epitope source proteins in the cytosol.
however , an enzyme responsible for such a role has not been identified.
co-expression modules are groups of genes with highly correlated expression patterns.
in cancer , differences in module activity potentially represent the heterogeneity of phenotypes important in carcinogenesis , progression , or treatment response.
to find gene expression modules active in breast cancer subpopulations , we assembled @number@ breast cancer-related gene expression datasets containing ∼5 , 700 samples altogether.
as expected , the proliferation module was highly associated with decreased recurrence-free survival ( rfs ) .
background : china's one-child-per-couple policy , introduced in @number@ led to profound demographic changes for nearly a quarter of the world's population.
of particular interest is influenza because china and southeast asia lie at the center of a global transmission network of influenza.
moreover , changes in household structure may affect influenza transmission.
is it possible that the pronounced demographic changes that have occurred in china have affected influenza transmission ?
methods and findings : to address this question , we developed a continuous-time , stochastic , individual-based simulation model for influenza transmission.
with this model , we simulated @number@ years of influenza transmission and compared influenza transmission rates in populations with and without the one-child policy control.
the clinical and histological characteristics are analogous to hereditary ataxias in humans.
linkage and genome-wide association studies on a cohort of related old english sheepdogs identified a region on cfa4 strongly associated with the disease phenotype.
genotyping of six additional breeds of dogs affected with hereditary ataxia identified the same polymorphism in affected gordon setters that segregated perfectly with phenotype.
the other breeds tested did not have the polymorphism.
genome-wide snp genotyping of gordon setters identified a @number@ mb region with an identical haplotype to affected old english sheepdogs.
these findings recapitulate the changes reported in mice with induced neuron-specific autophagy defects.
this finding suggests that detailed investigation of autophagy pathways should be undertaken in human hereditary ataxia.
however , the mechanisms that influence the frequency of somatic mtdna mutations are poorly understood.
together , these findings indicate that oxidative stress is not a major cause of somatic mtdna mutations.
our data instead suggests that somatic mtdna mutations arise primarily from errors that occur during mtdna replication.
further studies using drosophila should aid in the identification of factors that influence the frequency of somatic mtdna mutations.
method : this was a clinical intervention study of @number@ women over the age of @number@ living in novi sad , serbia.
changes in body mass index and skinfold thickness were estimated through height , weight , and anthropometric measurements.
the program comprised pilates exercises for upper- and lower-body strength , agility , and aerobic capacity.
results : fat mass ( fm ) improved significantly ( pre-test , @percent@ , @number@ post-test , @percent@ , @number@ p < 0.01 ) .
oxidative stress plays a key role in late onset diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as huntington disease.
therefore , uncovering regulators of the antioxidant stress responses is important for understanding the course of these diseases.
strikingly , we found a reduction of hace1 levels in the striatum of huntington disease patients , implicating hace1 in the pathology of huntington disease.
these findings reveal that the tumor suppressor hace1 plays a role in the nrf2 antioxidative stress response pathway and in neurodegeneration.
bmd z-scores and total bmd ( g / cm2 ) of the spine were significantly higher in the growth hormone group.
individuals with uniparental disomy revealed higher spine bmd compared with deletion subclass ; however , the differences were not significant.
conclusion : this study emphasizes the importance of evaluating bone mineralization in individuals with pws and the beneficial effects of prolonged treatment with growth hormone.
there was a trend for a higher bmd in individuals with uniparental disomy.
physical activity assists older individuals ' functional ability and postural stability.
recently , scottish country dance ( scd ) was reported as being a beneficial form of physical activity for functional ability in older females.
this study aims to examine the effect of scd on postural stability.
the romberg and tandem stances were used under ' eyes open ' and ' eyes closed ' conditions.
ninety-five percent ellipse area and sway velocity were calculated from the center of pressure displacement.
ninety-five percent ellipse area was the same for both groups in all tests.
the control group had greater sway velocity for all tests ( p < @number@ ) except tandem eyes closed.
background : physical activity is important for maintaining independence and quality of life in older people living in care homes.
little is known about patterns of physical activity or sedentary behavior in this population.
activity levels did not significantly differ between days or hours of the day ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusion : levels of physical activity were very low and time being sedentary was high.
this study can inform physical activity and sedentary behavior interventions for care homes ' residents.
increased proportion of non-contractile elements can be observed during aging by enhanced skeletal muscle echo intensity ( ei ) .
studies have demonstrated that an increase in rectus femoris ei may affect physical performance.
fifty sedentary healthy men ( @number@ ± @number@ years , @number@ ± @number@ m , @number@ ± @number@ kg ) volunteered for the present study.
the qei and ei of the four quadriceps portions were calculated by ultrasound imaging.
muscular power was determined by knee extension with @number@ % of 1rm and countermovement jump ( cmj ) .
the 30-s sit-to-stand test was evaluated as a functional capacity parameter.
the tasks were administered to @number@ flemish-speaking , cognitively healthy elderly.
data from @number@ were used and were classified according to the significant variables.
the error rate is highest for the elt and lowest for the sat.
analysis of the time duration shows that data should be collected for at least @number@ min.
the patients scored significantly lower than the normgroup of healthy adults.
the error rate is highest for the sat and lowest for the elt.
hydrogen peroxide , the nonradical 2-electron reduction product of oxygen , is a normal aerobic metabolite occurring at about @number@ nm intracellular concentration.
metabolically generated h2o2 emerged from recent research as a central hub in redox signaling and oxidative stress.
of note , h2o2 is a second messenger in insulin signaling and in several growth factor-induced signaling cascades.
h2o2 transport across membranes is facilitated by aquaporins , denoted as peroxiporins.
it should be recognized that children are not small adults , hence dosing in children should not be a ' small adult dose'.
the dose of a drug varies from patient to patient and individual adjustment of the dose is always ideal but is not always practical.
theoretically , dose selection in paediatric drug development or clinical settings can be done by using either body weight or the clearance of a drug.
over the years , a lot of approaches have been suggested for the prediction of drug clearance or dose in paediatrics.
in particular , the prediction of clearance or dose in an individual patient remains highly erratic.
this review takes a critical look at these approaches and highlights the application and limitations of these proposed methods.
methods : we analyzed photographs and examination findings of @number@ patients older than @number@ years who had consultations for lower eyelid blepharoplasty.
structural changes were categorized to @number@ anatomical categories , and each category was scored from @number@ to @number@ based on severity.
results : a total of @number@ cases ( @number@ male and @number@ female patients ) were evaluated.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years ( age range , 30-75 years ) .
medial orbital fat prolapse and skin laxity had the highest proportion of grade @number@ scores of @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusions : various anatomic factors were related to periorbital changes in asian patients.
importance : alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no effective therapies.
since that time , the adc program has expanded to include @number@ centers in major medical schools throughout the united states.
objective : to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the adc program over the past @number@ years.
design and setting : we systematically harvested every article published by adc investigators and used social network analysis to analyze copublication networks.
results : a total of @number@ adc papers were published from @number@ through @number@
most important , we determined that collaborative multi-adc research articles are consistently of higher impact than ad articles as a whole.
importance : parkinsonian motor signs are common in the aging population and are associated with adverse health outcomes.
compared with parkinson disease ( pd ) , potential genetic risk factors for mild parkinsonian signs have been largely unexplored.
objective : to determine whether pd susceptibility loci are associated with parkinsonism or substantia nigra pathology in a large community-based cohort of older persons.
design , setting , and participants : eighteen candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from pd genome-wide association studies were evaluated in a joint clinicopathologic cohort.
in secondary analyses , we examined associations with additional quantitative motor traits and postmortem indices , including substantia nigra lewy bodies and neuronal loss.
anorexia nervosa ( an ) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight.
neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study ( gwas ) have yielded significant and replicated results.
individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all @number@ discovery data sets.
the final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised @number@ an cases and @number@ @number@ controls.
an subtype analyses ( @number@ an restricting ; @number@ an binge-purge ) were performed.
no findings reached genome-wide significance.
the accrual of large genotyped an case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.
the purpose of this study was to identify the hydration status of elite young athletes of different sports , during a typical day of training.
hydration status was assessed in the morning , before and immediately after practice.
all athletes trained for approximately @number@ minutes , and they were consuming fluids ad libitum throughout their practice.
over @percent@ of the athletes were hypohydrated ( urine specific gravity [ usg ] ≥1.020 mg·dl ) based on their first morning urine sample.
mean body weight loss during training was @number@ ± @percent@.
we concluded that the prevalence of hypohydration among elite young athletes is very high , as indicated by the usg and urine color values.
the majority of the athletes was hypohydrated throughout the day and dehydrated even more during practice despite fluid availability.
adults older than @number@ years of age with vision impairment are more likely to have difficulty managing medications compared with people having normal vision.
visually impaired patients report increased anxiety related to medication management and must rely on others to obtain necessary drug information.
pharmacists have a unique opportunity to pursue accurate medication adherence in this special population.
changes in body weight can affect the overall health of an older patient and should not be considered a normal part of the aging process.
in particular , weight loss can lead to numerous adverse health outcomes affecting daily activities , loss of functional status , and increased mortality.
approximately @percent@ to @percent@ of older adults experience unintentional weight loss and require intervention to maintain quality of life.
in recent years , mirtazapine has gained attention not only for its antidepressant effects , but also for its potential benefits in underweight patients.
highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) changed the natural history of pediatric hiv infection.
this review focuses on trends of hiv-associated cancers in childhood in the haart era and analyses potential pathogenetic mechanisms.
haart reduced aids-defined-malignancies ( adm ) , but incidence of several non-adm is increasing.
hiv-associated immune activation and inflammation , promoting tumorigenesis , can only partially be reduced by haart.
in addition , hiv-infected children may undergo accelerated immune senescence that favors cancer development.
how haart affects this condition is an open question.
lastly , there is no evidence that prenatal exposure to haart increases the risk of cancer in childhood , but long-term studies are needed.
objective : the role of sedentary behaviour in metabolically healthy obesity is unknown.
average weekly television viewing time was derived from two questions about weekday and weekend viewing.
conclusions : a common type of leisure-time sedentary behaviour varies across metabolic and obesity phenotypes.
however , healthy obesity is not explained through differences in leisure-time sedentary behaviour.
diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer are @number@ of the most important public health concerns , especially in the elderly population.
the underlying cause of this protective role is not fully understood , however , some mechanisms have been proposed in this area.
in the present study we have reviewed these mechanisms and some new mechanisms are also proposed.
nearly half of people living with hiv experience cognitive deficits that may impact instrumental activities of daily living.
although cd4 + t lymphocyte count and viral load were unrelated to driving performance , older age was related to poorer driving.
mixed findings were observed between driving performance and cognitive function on self-reported driving habits of participants.
implications for these findings on nursing practice and research are posited.
background : long-term longitudinal studies of lung function from childhood to adulthood are important in linking our understanding of childhood risk factors to adult disease.
airway hyperresponsiveness has been shown to independently affect lung function growth in studies of adolescence.
methods : a random population sample ( n = @number@ ) aged 7-17 from copenhagen was followed longitudinally for @number@ years with four examinations.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects contributed with lung function measurements and bronchial provocation testing.
among these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had airway hyperresponsiveness at one examination or more during the study period.
there was no difference in initial fev1 levels between subjects with and without airway hyperresponsiveness.
minorities and the poor continue to bear the disproportionate burden of cancer , especially in terms of stage at diagnosis , incidence , and mortality.
cancer health disparities are persistent reminders that state-of-the-art cancer prevention , diagnosis , and treatment are not equally effective for and accessible to all americans.
this paper provides highlights from a cdc-hosted meeting on opportunities for cancer prevention during midlife ( roughly ages 45-64 years ) .
meeting participants discussed promising strategies for cancer prevention targeting this age group.
just as there are multiple determinants of cancer risk , there are likely multiple solutions.
changes to social and physical environments may facilitate healthy behaviors and minimize harmful exposures.
coordinated , multi-disciplinary efforts across multiple chronic diseases may provide opportunities for synergistic effects.
further , leveraging key partnerships and existing communication channels can maximize success and facilitate timely translation of research findings into public health practice.
this article challenges the idea that cancer cannot be prevented among older adults by examining different aspects of the relationship between age and cancer.
although the sequential patterns of aging cannot be changed , several age-related factors that contribute to disease risk can be.
however , current evidence suggests that for most adults , cancer does not have to be an inevitable consequence of growing older.
overweight and obesity increased with age ( p < 0.01 ) , even after adjusting for workplace characteristics.
conclusions : these findings underscore the persistent impact of the work environment for workers of all ages.
though frailty status has recently been linked to poorer quality of life , the impact of income on this relationship has not previously been investigated.
data from a population-based panel study , the english longitudinal study of aging , on @number@ participants aged 65-79 years were analyzed cross-sectionally.
linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between frailty and well-being.
there was a significant negative correlation between frailty and well-being ; the correlation coefficient between fi and casp-19 scores was @number@
those with greater financial resources reported better subjective well-being with evidence of a \ "dose-response \ " effect.
the poorest participants in each frailty category had similar well-being to the most well-off with worse frailty status.
the impact of aging and physical capacity on coenzyme q10 ( q10 ) levels in human blood is unknown.
plasma q10 is an important factor in cardiovascular diseases.
to understand how physical activity in the elderly affects endogenous q10 levels in blood plasma , we studied a cohort of healthy community-dwelling people.
anthropometric characteristics , plasma q10 and lipid peroxidation ( mda ) levels were determined.
population was divided according to gender and fitness.
the ratio q10 / cholesterol and q10 / ldl increased in these people.
no relationship was found when correlated to muscle strength or agility.
on the other hand , obesity was related to lower q10 and higher mda levels in plasma affecting women more significantly.
cerebral ischemia caused by loss of blood supply to the brain during cardiac arrest or stroke are major causes of death and disability.
however , relative incidence of stroke between the genders appears to normalize at advanced ages.
however , less is known about male sex steroids and brain damage.
this review describes the state of our knowledge of androgen-related contributions to neurological injury and recovery following cerebral ischemia that occurs following stroke.
aging is marked by changes that affect organs and resident stem cell function.
at the same time , reparative activities also decline.
it is intriguing to correlate aging with the decline of regenerative abilities.
animal models with strong regenerative capabilities imply that aging processes might not be affecting regeneration.
in this review , we selectively present age-dependent changes in stem / progenitor cells that are vital for tissue homeostasis and repair.
conclusively , vertebrate regeneration declines with age with the loss of stem / progenitor cell function.
objective : near-infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) is commonly used to investigate continuous changes of brain activation and has excellent time resolution.
verbal fluency task ( vft ) is widely used as a neuropsychological test of frontal lobe function.
methods : the subjects were @number@ adults and @number@ childrens who were all healthy right-handed volunteers.
the [ oxyhb ] changes were measured with @number@ channels of nirs during vft.
we defined the frontopolar region as the region of interest for analysis , and calculated the z-score to compare the data between groups.
results : the task performance changed with age.
there were significant differences between group a and other groups.
in contrast , [ oxyhb ] only continued to increase in the adult group.
conclusion : the verbal retrieval functions begin to mature in early adolescence and continue to grow up to adulthood.
decision-making strategies changed after childhood from erratic behavior to more consistent strategies that promoted expected value of deck choices.
performance deficits as well as a loss frequency bias were found in older adults.
however , age-related deficits were distinct between children and older adults.
cognitive modeling analysis indicated that older adults were more likely to forget about recent outcomes and were more consistent than children when selecting decks.
the interactions of modeling parameters suggested that cognitive changes were the cause of lowered performance in older adults.
these analyses suggest critical developments in decision processes during the adolescent years and decline in a cognitive process leading to decision-making deficits after age @number@
platelets have a dynamic functional repertoire that mediates hemostatic and inflammatory responses.
many of these functions are altered in older adults , promoting a prothrombotic , proinflammatory milieu and contributing to risk of adverse clinical events.
drawing primarily from human studies , this review summarizes important aspects of aging-related changes in platelets.
the relationship between altered platelet functions and thrombotic and inflammatory disorders in older adults is highlighted.
established and developing antiplatelet therapies for the treatment of thrombotic and inflammatory disorders are also discussed in light of these data.
associations between sleep duration during the previous night and morning affect differed depending on the participants ' age.
for adolescents , for example , affective well-being in the morning was worse the shorter participants had slept the previous night.
for adults aged over @number@ years , however , affective well-being was worse following nights with shorter or longer than average sleep duration.
this effect was more pronounced the older the participants were.
the findings demonstrate that the importance of sleep duration for daily affective well-being is better understood when considering the age of the sleeper.
in adults , but not adolescents , not only sleeping less but also sleeping more than one's average can be associated with lower affective well-being.
primary care providers are expected to address the sexual health concerns of older adults.
response rate was @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) .
knowledge scores reflected good knowledge ; however , only @percent@ of the sample felt that they had adequate knowledge of older adult sexuality.
training was found to be adequate for @percent@ of the sample.
u.s. providers in primary care are interested in learning more about aging sexuality but feel ill-prepared for it.
although the number of older adults is rapidly expanding , the number of healthcare professionals trained in geriatrics is small and declining.
yet little is known about the rvu's effect on geriatric programs.
regardless , urgent action is required by all stakeholders to address this issue.
significance : aging is a multi-factorial process that may be associated with several functional and structural deficits which can evolve into degenerative diseases.
this cycle can lead to increased cell vulnerability in aging and contribute to an increased susceptibility to degenerative processes.
future directions : a better understanding of ca ( 2 + ) signaling and molecular aging alterations is important for preventing apoptosis in age-related diseases.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : greater new haven , connecticut.
participants : nondisabled community-living older men and women aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
physical frailty was defined on the basis of slow gait speed , and depression was assessed using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
results : during a median follow-up of @number@ months , the cumulative incidence of restricting fatigue was @percent@ for men and @percent@ for women.
conclusion : restricting fatigue is common in community-living older adults.
women , individuals aged @number@ to @number@ and individuals with physical frailty or depression had higher rates of restricting fatigue than their respective counterparts.
objectives : to compare chart- and interview-based methods for identification of delirium.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : two academic medical centers.
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older undergoing major elective surgery ( n = @number@ ) ( majority orthopedic surgery ) .
rate of agreement of the two methods and characteristics of those identified using each approach were examined.
predictive validity for clinical outcomes ( length of stay , postoperative complications , discharge disposition ) was compared.
in the absence of a criterion standard , predictive value could not be calculated.
overall agreement was @percent@ ; kappa was @number@
the methods differed in detection of psychomotor features and time of onset.
the chart-based method missed delirium in individuals that the cam identified who were lacking features of psychomotor agitation or inappropriate behavior.
the cam-based method missed chart-identified cases occurring during the night shift.
the combined method had high predictive validity for all clinical outcomes.
conclusions : interview- and chart-based methods have specific strengths for identification of delirium.
a combined approach captures the largest number and broadest range of delirium cases.
objectives : sleep deprivation can physically affect skin appearance , e.g. increase the cutaneous signs of aging.
there are no studies of sleep disorders and subjective ratings of skin appearance or cutaneous body image ( cbi ) .
cbi is an important consideration in the treatment of cosmetically disfiguring dermatologic disorders.
we examined the association of insomnia and cbi.
a low cbis score denotes greater dissatisfaction with cbi.
a similar relationship was observed for cbi ratings 4-weeks post-baseline.
conclusions : cbi dissatisfaction was positively related to insomnia severity , especially among women.
underlying insomnia may confound an individual's self-assessment of their cbi , a finding that has important treatment implications in dermatology.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) affects approximately @number@ million americans.
arterial health may influence muscle function in older adults.
study purpose was to determine whether arterial elasticity is related to strength , central and peripheral fatigue , fatigue at rest , and treadmill endurance.
subjects were @number@ healthy women aged > 60.
treadmill endurance and maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2 max ) were measured.
peripheral and central fatigue for the knee extensors were evaluated using two isometric fatigue tests ( one voluntary and one adding electrical stimulation ) .
arterial elasticity was determined using radial artery pulse wave analysis.
linear multiple regression was used in statistical analysis.
subjective fatigue at rest was related to large artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin ( < 0.02 ) .
strength was significantly related to small artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin , leg lean tissue , age , and blood pressure.
these results suggest that arterial health may be involved with the ability of the central nervous system to activate muscle in older women.
kidney damage is a common sequela of several chronic pathologic conditions.
whether biomarkers of kidney damage are prognostic for more severe outcomes is unknown.
multivariable models adjusted for demographics , traditional cvd risk factors , and egfr.
mean age of participants was @number@ years , @percent@ of participants were men , and @percent@ of participants were black.
during the median @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ deaths and @number@ cvd outcomes occurred.
urinary kim-1 had a modest association with all-cause mortality but did not associate with cvd , and urinary il-18 did not associate with either outcome.
in contrast , albuminuria strongly associated with all-cause mortality and cvd.
future studies should evaluate reasons for these differences in the prognostic importance of individual kidney injury markers.
the prevalence of ckd and of renal failure vary worldwide , yet parallel increases in leading risk factors explain only part of the differential prevalence.
we measured ckd prevalence and egfr , and their relationship with traditional and additional risk factors , in a sardinian founder population cohort.
the egfr was calculated using equations from the ckd epidemiology collaboration and modification of diet in renal disease studies.
genetic risk score , older age , and female sex independently correlated with each outcome.
diabetes was associated with ckd prevalence , whereas hypertension and hyperuricemia correlated more strongly with fast egfr decline.
diabetes , hypertension , hyperuricemia , and high baseline egfr were associated with a decline of egfr.
along with differential health practices , population variations in this spectrum of risk factors probably contributes to the variable ckd prevalence worldwide.
background : eukaryotic elongation factor @number@ alpha-2 ( eef1a2 ) has been recently shown to be a putative oncogene of lung cancer.
materials and methods : we analyzed the expression and prognostic significance of eef1a2 in @number@ primary non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) cases.
we also suppressed eef1a2 expression using rna interference and then analyzed cell proliferation , migration and invasion of five adenocarcinoma cell lines.
results : eef1a2 protein expression was positive in @percent@.
negative immunostaining for eef1a2 was shown to be an independent prognostic factor and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis.
there was no significant correlation between eef1a2 protein and mrna expression levels.
conclusion : negative immunostaining of eef1a2 predicted for poor prognosis of nsclc.
the mechanism of this result could not be elucidated by cell proliferation , migration and invasion assays.
background : smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
smoking-related epigenetic biomarkers may open new avenues to better quantify the adverse health effects of smoking , and to better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
we aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of f2rl3 methylation , a novel epigenetic biomarker of smoking exposure disclosed by recent genome-wide methylation studies.
deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of @number@ years.
results : lower methylation intensity at f2rl3 was strongly associated with mortality.
the associations with mortality outcomes were much stronger among men than among women.
conclusions : f2rl3 methylation is a strong predictor of mortality , including all-cause , cardiovascular , cancer and other mortality.
systemic adverse effects of smoking may be mediated by pathways associated with f2rl3 methylation.
the decrease of tcr diversity with aging has never been studied by direct methods.
the percentage of naive t cells showed a strong correlation with measured tcr diversity and decreased linearly up to age @number@
the latter two genes are candidate genes for risk for sporadic pd identified by genome-wide association studies.
these proteins form a complex that promotes clearance of golgi-derived vesicles through the autophagy-lysosome system both in vitro and in vivo.
we propose that three different genes for pd have a common biological function.
more generally , data integration from multiple unbiased screens can provide insight into human disease mechanisms.
in this review we discuss endogenous protective mechanisms , including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis , and underlying molecular mechanisms.
we also consider the feasibility of angiogenic therapy for stroke and its optimal timing.
this is mainly because wmh may reflect co-morbid neural injury or cerebral vascular disease burden.
wmh in the older population may be small , diffuse , and irregular in shape , and sufficiently heterogeneous within and across subjects.
using texture features engineered by texton filter banks , we provide a suite of effective segmentation methods for this problem.
in fact , hiv infection is believed to hasten the aging process.
recent evidence implicates alterations in neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration associated with hand in the context of aging.
here , we report fgf overexpression curtails gp120-induced neurotoxicity in a double transgenic mouse model.
furthermore , our data show disparities in brain neurotrophic factor levels may be exacerbated in hiv patients over @number@ years of age.
design : a post hoc pooled analysis of @number@ randomized , double-blind , parallel group clinical studies with results available as of @date@ .
setting : multicenter , international clinical trials.
subjects : patients with type @number@ diabetes aged @number@ years or older.
this analysis used patient-level data from each study to assess the exposure-adjusted incidence rates of specific adverse events that occurred following initiation of study drug.
incidence rates of specific adverse events were generally similar between the two groups , with the exception of hypoglycemia.
during mammalian development , migration , proliferation and survival of primordial germ cells can give rise to germ stem cells.
there are evidences that stem cells also exist in adult gonad , and can maintain the renewal of germ cells and decelerate aging process.
therefore , germ stem cells play a pivotal role in rejuvenation of adult tissues as well as regeneration of damaged organs.
such cells have provided a potential resource for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
subjects included premanifest ( tested ) and at-risk ( not tested ) individuals without clinical symptoms or signs of huntington disease ( hd ) .
primary outcomes were safety and tolerability.
exploratory endpoints included fine motor , visuospatial , and memory performance ; structural and diffusion mri ; and selected blood markers.
results : forty-seven hd carriers and @number@ non-hd controls were enrolled.
fifteen discontinued treatment ( @number@ assigned to placebo ) ; all were followed for the entire study period.
primary analysis was by intent to treat.
the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal.
neuroimaging demonstrated treatment-related slowing of cortical and striatal atrophy at @number@ and @number@ months.
classification of evidence : this study provides class i evidence that high-dose creatine is safe and tolerable.
this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of electrocardiographic abnormalities in trypanosoma cruzi infected and noninfected older adults.
methods and results : we studied @number@ participants in bambuí city , brazil , with electrocardiogram ( ecg ) records classified by the minnesota code.
follow-up time was @number@ years ; the endpoint was mortality.
adjustment for potential confounding variables included age , gender , conventional risk factors , and b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) .
the mean age was @number@ years ( @percent@ women ) .
the prevalence of chd was @percent@ ( n = 557 ) .
ecg abnormalities were more frequent in chd patients ( @percent@ versus @percent@ , p < 0.001 ) .
during the mean follow-up time of @number@ years , @number@ participants died ( @number@ with chd ) , and only @number@ were lost to follow-up.
conclusion : ecg abnormalities are more common among elderly chagas disease patients and strongly predict adverse outcomes.
estradiol effects on memory depend on hormone levels and the interaction of different estrogen receptors within neural circuits.
investigations using receptor specific agonists suggest that all three receptors rapidly activate kinase-signaling and have complex dose-dependent influences on memory.
research employing receptor knockout mice demonstrate that erα maintains transcription and memory as estradiol levels decline.
this work indicates a regulatory role of erβ in transcription and cognition , which depends on estradiol levels and the function of erα.
the regulatory role of erβ is due in part to erβ acting as a negative regulator of erα-mediated transcription.
notably , the ability of estradiol to improve cognition declines with advanced age along with decreased expression of estrogen receptors.
thus , it will be important for future research to determine the mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor expression during aging.
wwox's alteration in these myriad cancers is due to disparate mechanisms including loss of heterozygosity , homozygous deletion and epigenetic changes.
we herein review wwox's role that has been unearthed thus far in different types of malignancies , its clinical significance and future implications.
the association between adl task disability and the daily percentage of sedentary time was evaluated by multiple logistic regression.
results : these adults on average spent 9h / d being sedentary during waking hours and @percent@ reported adl disability.
these findings support programs encouraging older adults to decrease sedentary behavior regardless of their engagement in moderate or vigorous activity.
background : clinical and biochemical predictors of extreme longevity would be useful in geriatric practice but have still not been clearly defined.
methods : to identify the best nongenetic predictors of survival in centenarians , we examined @number@ individuals aged 100 + years.
a detailed questionnaire was completed , and comprehensive geriatric assessment and blood analyses were performed.
survival of study participants was checked annually over the period of @number@ years.
blood pressure , lipid profile , and c-reactive protein and hemoglobin concentrations were not associated with survival.
conclusions : cognitive and functional performances are predictors of survival in centenarians.
this article presents @number@ case reports involving patientspecific combinations of @number@ different ha products , injectable plla , and caha with incobotulinumtoxina or abobotulinumtoxina.
herein , we evaluate a radiofrequency treatment that provides novel real-time subdermal and epidermal temperature monitoring.
methods : a retrospective chart review of @number@ subjects undergoing thermistor-controlled subdermal skin tightening via percutaneous radiofrequency was conducted.
results : mean temperatures of @number@ and @number@.2°c were reported for the infrared camera and infrared thermometer.
conclusion : our preliminary data supports a superior form of thermoregulation for the purposes of skin tightening that integrates continuous subsurface and epidermal temperature monitoring.
methods : in two identical multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo controlled studies.
efficacy was assessed @number@ weeks posttreatment ( end of study visit [ eos ] ) .
primary efficacy was rate of complete clearance of ak lesions.
results : overall @number@ patients were randomized to imiquimod @percent@ , @percent@ , or vehicle.
complete clearance rates were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ respectively ( both p < .001 versus vehicle ) .
the difference in complete clearance rates ( imiquimod minus vehicle ) was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
partial clearance rates were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ respectively ( both p < .001 versus vehicle ) .
median % reductions in ak lesions were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ respectively ( p < .001 versus vehicle ) .
all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were greater in study @number@
photodamage in the treatment area was ' much improved ' with imiquimod @percent@.
both active creams were well tolerated with few treatment-related discontinuations.
reduction in ak lesions was comparable to that reported with imiquimod @percent@ with fewer local aes.
the human circadian clock ensures that biochemical and physiological processes occur at the optimal time of day.
the skin is situated in a position naturally exposed to diurnal environmental changes.
an understanding of circadian skin-related functions and the impact of their disruption allow clinicians to improve therapeutic decision-making and maximize the effectiveness of prescribed treatments.
as the numbers of frail elderly people increase , so will the burden of incontinence.
methods : one hundred and ten individuals at risk for diabetes participated in this study.
subjects were categorized into individuals with mets and individuals without mets.
metabolic risk factors and exercise self-efficacy were evaluated for all subjects before and after @number@ months of home-based exercise.
univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the effectiveness of a home-based exercise program between individuals with and without mets.
individuals without mets had higher exercise self-efficacy at baseline and performed greater exercise volume compared with individuals with mets during the intervention.
the increased exercise volume in individuals without mets may contribute to their better control of insulin resistance than individuals with mets.
furthermore , baseline exercise self-efficacy was correlated with exercise volume executed by subjects at home.
conclusions : we conclude that home-based exercise programs are beneficial for individuals at risk for diabetes.
however , more intensive and / or supervised exercise intervention may be needed for those with mets.
repair of dna double-strand breaks via homologous recombination can produce double holliday junctions ( dhjs ) that require enzymatic separation.
topoisomerase iiiα ( topiiiα ) together with rmi1 disentangles the final hemicatenane intermediate obtained once dhjs have converged.
here , we present the crystal structure of human topiiiα complexed to the first oligonucleotide-binding domain ( ob fold ) of rmi1.
topiii assumes a toroidal type 1a topoisomerase fold.
rmi1 attaches to the edge of the gate in topiiiα through which dna passes.
rmi1 projects a 23-residue loop into the topiiiα gate , thereby influencing the dynamics of its opening and closing.
our results provide a mechanistic rationale for how rmi1 stabilizes topiiiα-gate opening to enable dissolution and illustrate how binding partners modulate topoisomerase function.
background data : the pelvic incidence ( pi ) was recognized as the key factor of the sagittal balance of the spine.
its value was described own for each individual and unchanged during adulthood.
purpose : to bring out the effect of the age and of a sagittal imbalance in the variability of the value of pi.
materials and methods : @number@ subjects with chronic low back pain due to sagittal imbalance were compared to @number@ normal subjects.
for each groups , the cases were divided according to the age ( 19-40 , 6-40 years , over @number@ years ) .
the pi and the sagittal positional parameters were measured on large radiographs in standardized standing position.
results : the correlation between age and pi was observed significant only for the > 60 years cases.
the mean values of pi were significantly greater for these cases.
discussion : an increase of the value of pi was attributable to a twisting mobilization within the sacroiliac joint.
it results from a forward projection of the gravity due to a sagittal disturbance and a pelvic compensatory backward rotation.
this twisting into the sacroiliac joint was incriminated in the origin of chronic low back pain.
background : assisted living ( al ) is a growing and operationally diverse option in our nation's long-term care system.
many consumers view al communities as a viable option to receive needed services and age in place.
however , little is known about the factors that influence residents ' ability to age in place when experiencing cognitive decline.
in particular , this study sought to assess the impact of an ' enhanced ' program intended to facilitate aging in place.
results : the time to @percent@ survival for the full cohort ( n = 312 ) was @number@ months.
both age at move-in and gender were statistically significant predictors of length of stay.
sites with robust support for aging in place exhibited a statistically significant longer length of stay compared to sites with limited support.
few residents left these settings because of behavioral problems.
study design : observational population-based study.
objective : to determine the prevalence of radiographical scheuermann disease in a dutch population and evaluate the consistency of diagnostic criteria.
summary of background data : scheuermann disease is a form of osteochondrosis characterized by increased posterior rounding of the thoracic spine with structural vertebral deformity.
different expert opinion-based radiological criteria exist , yet these have not been validated.
the prevalence in the general population reported ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
cohen κ statistics were calculated for interrater agreement.
prevalence estimates were calculated and sex differences were tested with pearson χ test.
we evaluated whether varying the kyphosis angle criterion would change the prevalence estimate.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) individuals had endplate irregularities and @number@ ( @percent@ ) individuals had vertebral wedging.
abnormalities were significantly more prevalent among males ( p < @number@ ) .
the interrater agreement κ statistics were @percent@ for vertebral wedging and @percent@ for endplate irregularity.
the disease prevalence was @percent@ in males versus @percent@ in females , yet this difference was not statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : our results revealed a prevalence of @percent@ of radiographical scheuermann disease in dutch individuals aged @number@ years and older.
age-related defects of the immune system are responsible for t cell unresponsiveness to cancer vaccination at older age.
this raises the question whether cancer vaccination is feasible at older age.
seventeen men ( mean ± s.d. age = @number@ ± @number@ yrs ) participated in this double-blinded , placebo-controlled , crossover study.
participants were randomly assigned to two 10-day conditions ( anatabine and placebo ) separated by a 2-4 week washout period.
concentrations of serum creatine kinase , lactate dehydrogenase , myoglobin , high sensitivity c-reactive protein , and tnf-α were measured.
lactate dehydrogenase was higher ( p < 0.05 ) during the anatabine condition.
future studies are needed to examine the effects of anatabine on naturally-occurring inflammation that is common with aging or obesity.
introduction : sarcopenia is currently best described as an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function.
however , no consensus exists as to how to best quantify muscle function in older adults.
the muscle quality index ( mqi ) was recently recommended as an ideal evidence-based assessment of functional status in older adults.
nevertheless , the usefulness of mqi to assess physical function is limited by whether it is reflective of muscle qualitative changes to an intervention.
mqi was determined as power output from timed sit to stand ( sts ) , body mass , and leg length.
gait speed , hand grip strength , get-up-and-go and lean body mass ( lbm ) were evaluated before and after exercise training and detraining.
mqi and functional changes to training and detraining were evaluated with repeated measures anova and clinical interpretations of magnitude based inferences.
changes in lbm and hand grip strength were not significant or clinically meaningful.
de-training for 6-weeks did not result in significant changes in any measure from post-training performance.
cognitive decline , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other causes are major public health problems worldwide.
with changing demographics , the number of persons with dementia will increase rapidly.
the treatment and prevention of ad and other dementias , therefore , is an urgent unmet need.
there have been considerable advances in understanding the biology of many age-related disorders that cause dementia.
many other intervention strategies are in various stages of development.
however , efforts to date have met with limited success.
a recent national institute on aging research summit led to a number of requests for applications.
one was to establish multi-disciplinary teams of investigators who use systems biology approaches and stem cell technology to identify a new generation of ad targets.
here we describe the two cohorts that provide the data and biospecimens being exploited for our pipeline and describe the available unique datasets.
second , we present evidence in support of a chronic disease model of ad that informs our choice of phenotypes as the target outcome.
third , we provide an overview of our approach.
finally , we present the details of our planned drug discovery pipeline.
background : interventions in primary health care settings have been effective in increasing physical fitness.
the intervention consisted of biweekly , 60-minute group sessions in all primary health care settings in the city.
this study evaluated the effect of pehpcp on physical fitness and on the aging process after a decade of ongoing implementation.
every @number@ months , participants completed the american alliance for health , physical education , recreation and dance standardized tests.
no significant effect on flexibility was found.
there are two ways to picture white matter : as a grid of electrical wires or a network of roads.
the first metaphor captures the classical function of an axon as conductor of action potentials ( and information ) from one brain region to another.
the second one points to the important role of axons in a bi-directional transport of biological molecules and organelles between the cell body and synapse.
this selective review will emphasize the need for considering axonal transport when interpreting functional consequences of inter-individual variations in the structural properties of white matter.
we start by describing the space occupied by white matter and techniques used in vivo for its characterization.
next , we review work that motivated our focus on axonal diameter , and explain the relationships between transport and cytoskeleton within the axon.
we will conclude by describing molecular machinery of axonal transport and genes that may contribute to inter-individual variations in axonal diameter and axonal transport.
current dogma suggests that aerobic exercise training has minimal effects on skeletal muscle size.
we and others have demonstrated that aerobic exercise acutely and chronically alters protein metabolism and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
in this review , we summarize current evidence for a direct effect of vitamin d on skeletal muscle.
telomerase is the ribonucleoprotein ( rnp ) reverse transcriptase responsible for synthesizing the @number@ ends of linear chromosomes.
it plays critical roles in tumorigenesis , cellular aging , and stem cell renewal.
the past two years have seen exciting progress in determining telomerase holoenzyme architecture and the structural basis of telomerase activity.
notably , the first electron microscopy structures of telomerase were reported , of the tetrahymena thermophila telomerase holoenzyme and a human telomerase dimer.
together these studies provide the first glimpse into the organization of the proteins and rna in the telomerase rnp.
the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism.
rapamycin , a specific inhibitor of mtor , has been shown to be useful in the treatment of certain diseases.
secondary outcome measures included health parameters assessed with the rai-hc ( resident assessment instrument-home care ) .
among patients in the intervention group , there was less risk of depression and dyspnea.
the copa model improves the quality of care provided to very frail elderly patients by reducing unplanned hospitalizations and improving some health parameters.
objectives : decision aids are effective to improve decision-making , yet they are rarely tested in nursing homes ( nhs ) .
design : pre-post intervention to test a goc decision aid intervention for sdms for persons with dementia in nhs.
investigators collected data from reviews of resident health records and interviews with sdms at baseline and 3-month follow-up.
setting : two nhs in north carolina.
results : eighty-nine percent of the sdms thought the decision aid was relevant to their needs.
the number of palliative care domains addressed in the care plan increased ( @number@ vs @number@ p < @number@ ) .
a larger randomized clinical trial is underway to provide further evidence of the effects of this decision aid intervention.
some nominally significant effects were observed ( i.e. , covariate-adjusted differences between genotype groups at p < @number@ ) .
background : appearance-based education shows promise in promoting sunscreen use although resource-intensive methods used in prior studies preclude wide dissemination.
appearance-based video education can be made easily accessible.
objective : we sought to compare the effectiveness of appearance-based video education with that of health-based video education in improving sunscreen use and knowledge.
results : fifty high-school students participated in the study , conducted from february through @date@ .
knowledge scores significantly improved in both study groups.
the difference in knowledge scores between the study groups was not significant.
limitations : the study population may not reflect the general population.
conclusion : appearance-based video education appears to be effective in promoting sunscreen use and knowledge in adolescents.
first , we confirmed the uptake time course in asc-depleted gulo ( - / - ) mice , which cannot synthesize asc.
differential tissue uptake was seen based on asc transporter distribution.
memory declined with age and asc treatment improved performance in 9-month-old app / psen1 and wt mice.
app / psen1 mice displayed no behavioral impairment relative to wt controls.
they also suggest improvements in short-term spatial memory were not due to changes in the neuropathological features of ad or monoamine signaling.
brain tissue regions of interest showed expected age-related decrease in volume ; cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces showed increase in volume for both groups.
this accelerated loss of cortical tissue may represent a risk factor for premature cognitive and motor compromise if not dementia.
twenty-four subjects with mild cognitive impairment were compared with @number@ matched controls.
subjects were matched with respect to age , body mass index , ethnicity , sex , and smoking status.
degree of cognitive impairment and cognitive ability was determined via structured clinical interview.
mpod was measured psychophysically.
in healthy older adults , mpod was only related to visual-spatial and constructional abilities ( p = @number@ ) .
it is possible that l / z status may be more strongly related to cognition when individuals are considered with established onset of cognitive decline.
deficiency in energy metabolisms is perhaps the earliest modifiable defect in brain aging and sporadic alzheimer's disease ( sad ) .
several high-energy compounds ( hecs ) such as atp , phosphoenolpyruvate , phosphocreatine and acetyl coenzyme a have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects.
these findings may add to current knowledge for the regulatory mechanisms of ca ( 2 + ) and calpain.
few research papers in economics have examined the extent , causes or consequences of physical stature decline in aging populations.
we also show that there is an absence of consistent predictors of physical stature decline at the individual level.
however , we demonstrate how deteriorating health and reductions in height occur simultaneously.
we document that declines in muscle mass and bone density are likely to be the mechanism through which these effects are operating.
therefore , our results validate the use of height among the population aged over @number@
clinical trials with new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) have been performed.
viruses exacerbate copd and bacteria may play a part in severe copd ; therefore , antibiotic and antiviral approaches have a sound rationale.
antiinflammatory approaches have been studied.
studies with monoclonal antibodies have been disappointing , highlighting the tendency for infections and malignancies during treatment.
promising future directions are lung regeneration with retinoids and stem cells.
it is uncertain whether the pcsk9 example represents a paradigm or an isolated exception.
this chapter will serve as a guide for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
it will also review the distinct disease courses and ms variants.
with potential for pharmacological intervention to exacerbate behaviors or even lead to mortality , the development and rigorous testing of non-pharmacological interventions is vital.
this trial will also examine the cost-effectiveness and willingness to pay for tap compared with a control group.
methods : this randomized trial aims to recruit @number@ participant dyads of a person with dementia and their caregivers.
primary outcome measure will be the revised neuropsychiatric inventory - clinician rating scale ( npi-c ) to measure bpsd exhibited by the person with dementia.
conclusions : this trial investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of tap within an australian population.
results will address a significant gap in the current australian community-support base for people living with dementia and their caregivers.
background : chronic stress negatively affects health and well-being.
a growing population of informal dementia caregivers experience chronic stress associated with extraordinary demands of caring for a relative with dementia.
this review summarizes physiological and functional changes due to chronic dementia caregiver stress.
results : the review identified @number@ studies describing data from @number@ participants including @number@ dementia caregivers and @number@ non-caregiver peers.
demographic and personality characteristics moderating or mediating effects of chronic stress in caregivers were also reviewed.
conclusions : there is accumulating evidence that chronic dementia caregiver stress increases their vulnerability to disease and diminishes their ability to provide optimal care.
clinicians and society need to appreciate the extent of deleterious effects of chronic stress on dementia caregiver health.
the impact of these care models on the quality of life of residents has been studied.
however , little research has been conducted to gain insight into how these new care models influence healthcare staff's work environment.
this study focuses on the consequences of small-scale care on staff's perceived job characteristics.
all analyses were adjusted for staff , resident , and living arrangement characteristics when needed.
only one indicator was associated with decision authority.
as more characteristics of small-scale care were integrated , staff's perceived decision authority was higher.
no relationship was found with coworker and supervisor social support.
increasing evidence suggests that subjective cognitive decline ( scd ) is a potential predictor of future cognitive decline or dementia.
we investigated whether scd in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a predictor of future cognitive decline.
after a mean follow-up of @number@ years , we repeated the cognitive assessments with the same subjects.
the clinical characteristics and cognitive performance of the @number@ groups did not differ at baseline.
in remote aboriginal communities , high prevalence rates of dementia at relatively young ages have been reported.
the current study is investigating aging , cognitive decline , and dementia in older urban / regional aboriginal australians.
this was followed by a survey of the health , well-being , and life history of all consenting participants.
participants were also screened using three cognitive instruments.
conclusion : this paper details our protocol for a population-based study in collaboration with local aboriginal community organizations.
sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad + ) -dependent deacylases that have traditionally been linked with calorie restriction and aging in mammals.
these proteins also play an important role in maintaining neuronal health during aging.
during neuronal development , the sir2 ortholog sirt1 is structurally important , promoting axonal elongation , neurite outgrowth , and dendritic branching.
this sirtuin also plays a role in memory formation by modulating synaptic plasticity.
hypothalamic functions that affect feeding behavior , endocrine function , and circadian rhythmicity are all regulated by sirt1.
drugs that activate sirt1 may offer a promising approach to treat these disorders.
background : there is growing evidence for the ongoing structural and functional adaptation of the skin after birth.
we propose a semiquantitative score to analyse the maturation of the skin surface and a complementary evaluation of the distribution of corneodesmosin and corneodesmosomes.
the distribution of corneodesmosome remnants was analysed by corneodesmosin distribution with immunocytochemical corneocyte labelling.
results : the e.m.i. score showed the highest anisotropy in neonates.
the youngest groups displayed irregular and thick cell clusters composed of poorly individualized cells.
in the older groups , the distribution of superficial corneocytes was more regular.
the cells evenly covered the surface and displayed easily visualized single cell outlines.
the distribution of immune-labelled corneodesmosome remnants and the corneocyte projected area showed a correlation between age and structural maturation.
conclusion : our study is the first attempt at semiquantitative evaluation of the micromorphology maturation of the epidermal surface at the ultrastructural level.
the e.m.i. score and the associated pattern of corneodesmosome breakdown may be used as markers of the stratum corneum maturation.
results : two hundred and ninety residents met the inclusion criteria.
thirty-two per cent were prescribed an antipsychotic drug.
antipsychotic drug prescriptions significantly differed among the dementia scus.
background : currently , there is not enough echocardiographic information regarding aging-associated changes in the octogenarian population.
we aimed to characterize echocardiographic measures of structure and function among a group of healthy octogenarians.
methods : approximately @number@ octogenarians , residing in nursing homes , were screened in ankara , turkey.
according to inclusion criteria , @number@ octogenarians were enrolled.
these subjects underwent conventional and tissue doppler echocardiography according to the guidelines of the american society of echocardiography ( ase ) .
all measurements were indexed by dividing to body surface area ( bsa ) for standardization.
there was no significant difference between groups formed by bmi and blood pressure.
on the contrary , left ventricular diameters and volumes were below ase reference range.
conclusions : we described echocardiographic measures of structure and function in a group of healthy octogenarians.
aim : the present study evaluated the association between changes in physical functioning and a variety of factors in an older population in taiwan.
all potential factors were allocated into five groups including demography , chronic diseases , geriatric conditions , lifestyle and physical assessments.
generalized estimating equations and generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors responsible for changes in physical functioning across different waves of data.
results : the proportion of elderly participants with normal function decreased with time throughout the study period.
the results of generalized estimating equations and mixed effects models showed nearly identical sets of factors.
methods : @number@ healthy subjects ( @number@ male and @number@ female ) were included in this study.
a multivariable mixed effect model was used to evaluate associations among these parameters.
the incidence of parkinson's disease by the end of @number@ and the associated risk factors were investigated.
conclusions : hearing loss correlates with an increased risk of parkinson's disease in the elderly.
further studies are needed to confirm whether hearing loss could be a non-motor feature of parkinson's disease.
diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) data was acquired , and tract-based as well as voxel-wise analyses were conducted.
the tract-based analyses revealed no significant apoe effects , and no significant interactions between genotype and age were observed.
background / purpose : increased interest in antiaging methods , mandates a development of reliable noninvasive technique to assess skin aging.
in this study , we aimed to determine the effects of photoaging at histopathologic resolution by means of reflectance confocal microscopy.
however , the incidence of thin reticulated collagen and the number of dermal papillae were statistically higher on the sun-protected posterior aspect of ear lobule.
conclusion : reflectance confocal microscopy is a reliable diagnostic technique for evaluation of skin photoaging with objective criteria.
background : helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) -related diseases are responsible for a tremendous amount of morbidity and mortality in japan.
we estimated the prevalence of h. pylori infection by sex , birth year , and geographic area among japanese adults.
relevant information on the demographics and status of h. pylori infection was retrieved from the electronic database.
the univariate log-binominal regression model was used to estimate the prevalence of h. pylori infection , taking birth year into consideration.
the multivariate log-binominal regression model was used to compare the prevalence of h. pylori infection between seven geographic areas.
results : the overall prevalence of h. pylori infection was @percent@ in women and @percent@ in men.
among seven geographic areas , hokkaido showed the lowest prevalence ( @percent@ ) , while yamagata prefecture represented the highest ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of h. pylori infection increases with age and exhibits geographic variation in japan.
there has been a striking decrease in the prevalence of h. pylori infection , especially in younger japanese populations.
macular sensitivity was examined by a standard grid , a 37-stimuli grid covering the central @number@ degrees of the retina including one centering point.
regression analysis results indicated that the sensitivity gradually decreased by approximately @number@ db every @number@ years ( p = @number@ ) .
the age and development of axial length were statistically significant factors influencing the decline in sensitivity ( p = @number@ ) .
the sensitivity of surrounding stimulus positions was higher than in the center ( @number@ degrees ) .
alzheimer's disease is a degenerative , progressive and irreversible condition , which affects cognitive functions.
it was first described in @number@ by the german physician alois alzheimer.
typical neuropathologic lesions are represented by the amyloid plaques , neurofibrilar tangles and synapses and neurons losses.
it was hypothesized that the amyloid protein has prion-like properties.
these aspects are even more paradoxical , as the certain diagnosis is established only at necropsy , on anatomopathological lesions.
even so , the international diagnosis criteria , based on clinical aspects , can establish a certain , probable or a possible diagnosis.
some scientists believe that approx.
network representation of brain connectivity has provided a novel means of investigating brain changes arising from pathology , development or aging.
the proposed framework is applied to a study of diffusion-based connectivity in subjects with autism.
a valid , time-efficient and easy-to-use instrument is important for busy clinical settings , large scale surveys , or community screening use.
@number@ community-dwelling older adults of at least @number@ years in age volunteered to participate.
both categorization models showed high correlation ( γs = @number@ p < @number@ ) and agreement ( kappa = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
physical performance measures demonstrated significant different group means among the disability subgroups based on both categorization models.
our results found that the mobility hierarchical disability categorization model is a valid and time efficient tool for large survey or screening use.
background : anti-oxidant capacity is crucial defence against environmental or endogenous oxidative stress.
thus , novel therapeutics that enhance nrf2 signalling are an attractive approach to treat these diseases.
using mice that were exposed to cigarette smoke , ski-ii induced nrf2 expression together with ho-1 in their lungs.
in addition , ski-ii reduced cigarette smoke mediated oxidative stress , macrophages and neutrophil infiltration and markers of inflammation in mice.
conclusions / significance : ski-ii appears to be a novel activator of nrf2 signalling via the inactivation of keap1.
background : frailty is related to adverse outcomes in the elderly.
however , current status and clinical significance of frailty have not been evaluated for the korean elderly population.
we aimed to investigate the usefulness of established frailty criteria for community-dwelling korean elderly.
we also tried to develop and validate a new frailty index based on a multidimensional model.
methods : we studied @number@ participants of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging ( klosha ) .
mortality , hospitalization , and functional decline were evaluated.
results : the prevalence of frailty was @percent@ ( sof index ) , @percent@ ( chs index ) , and @percent@ ( kfi ) .
the criteria from chs and kfi correlated with each other , but sof did not correlate with kfi.
during the follow-up period ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) died.
in contrast , frailty by sof index was not related to mortality.
however , the sof index could not predict subsequent functional decline.
in contrast , frailty by the sof index was not correlated with hospitalization ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.68-3.01 ) .
conclusion : prevalence of frailty was higher in korea compared to previous studies in other countries.
breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose molecular diversity is not well reflected in clinical and pathological markers used for prognosis and treatment selection.
together , this approach allowed us to assemble a set of novel cancer subtype specific phosphopeptide candidates for subsequent biomarker verification and clinical validation.
at stiffness and young's modulus were measured as the slopes of the tendon's force-elongation and stress-strain curves , respectively.
this article explores mutual caregiving between older spouses aging with physical disabilities.
nine older couples , where both partners had lived long lives with physical disabilities , were interviewed as dyads about mutual caregiving.
interview coding using grounded theory led to two overarching categories from which motivation for mutual caregiving could be understood.
these categories were mutual care as freedom and mutual care as imperative.
objective : to analyze similarities among factors associated with the components of frailty in elderly.
method : we studied @number@ elderly from the second wave of the sabe study in @number@
each of the five components of the frailty phenotype was considered a dependent variable in the hierarchical logistic regression models.
other similarities were also observed with stroke and screening positive for cognitive decline in men , and number of diseases and gait speed in women.
the most similar associations happened between weakness and slowness ; weakness , slowness , and lpal ; or weakness , slowness , and exhaustion.
cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to various types of stress.
during the period of stress accumulation , the transition from physiological hypertrophy to pathological hypertrophy results in the promotion of heart failure.
gelsolin ( gsn ) is a member of the actin-binding proteins , which regulate dynamic actin filament organization by severing and capping.
moreover , gsn also regulates cell morphology , differentiation , movement , and apoptosis.
in this study , we used h9c2 and h9c2-gsn stable clones in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of gsn overexpression in cardiomyocytes.
these data showed that the overexpression of gsn in h9c2-induced cardiac hypertrophy and increased the pathological hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide brain natriuretic peptide.
furthermore , we found that e-cadherin expression decreased with the overexpression of gsn in h9c2 , but β-catenin expression increased.
these data presume that the cytoskeleton is loose.
further , previous studies show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can induce cardiac hypertrophy.
moreover , we used both the p38 inhibitor ( sb203580 ) and gsn sirna to confirm our conjecture.
we found that both of these factors significantly suppressed gelsolin-induced cardiac hypertrophy through p38 / gata4 signaling pathway.
roberts syndrome is the next most common cohesinopathy.
clinically , there are many issues in cdls faced by the individual , parents and caretakers , professionals , and schools.
the research committee of the cdls foundation organizes the meeting , reviews and accepts abstracts and subsequently disseminates the information to the families.
in addition to the basic science and clinical discussions , there were educationally-focused talks related to practical aspects of management at home and in school.
ama cme credits were provided by greater baltimore medical center , baltimore , md.
a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the deposition of β-sheet-rich amyloid aggregates formed by proteins specific to these diseases.
these protein aggregates are thought to cause neuronal dysfunction , directly or indirectly.
recent studies have strongly implicated cell-to-cell transmission of misfolded proteins as a common mechanism for the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders.
although there are many more questions to be answered , these studies have opened up new avenues for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative disorders.
methods : data on @number@ subjects aged over @number@ years were finally analyzed using competing risk models.
all the subjects were interviewed by the beijing longitudinal study of aging ( blsa ) , in china , between @date@ and @date@ .
background : some premature features of immunosenescence have been associated with persistent viral infections and altered populations of t cells.
in particular , the inverted t cd4 : cd8 ratio has been correlated with increased morbidity and mortality across different age groups.
methods : three hundred and sixty community-dwelling older adults ( aged 60-103 years ) were recruited.
cognitive function was evaluated by the instrument of brief neuropsychological assessment and mini-mental state examination inventory.
functional activities questionnaire was used to determine activities of daily living.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) and epstein-barr virus ( ebv ) serologies were determined by elisas.
the lymphocyte subsets did not vary between groups.
conclusion : our data further indicate the role of cmv on circulating t cells , poor cognition and functional disability / dependency during aging.
dhf markedly upregulated ho-1 mrna and protein expression in human keratinocytes ( hacat cells ) , resulting in increased ho-1 activity.
dhf also protected the keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide- and ultraviolet b-induced oxidative damage , while ho-1 , erk and akt inhibitors markedly suppressed dhf-mediated cytoprotection.
background and aim : dilated perivascular spaces ( dpvs ) have previously been associated with aging and hypertension-related cerebral microangiopathy.
the purpose of this study was to investigate these different aspects in a large cohort of patients with this disorder.
methods : demographic and mri data of @number@ patients from a prospective cohort study were analyzed.
results : the severity of dpvs was found to increase with age regardless of cerebral area ( p < 0.001 ) .
conversely , no significant association was detected with lacunar volume , number of microbleeds or bpf.
hazardous organic wastes from industrial , military , and commercial activities represent one of the greatest challenges to human beings.
advanced oxidation processes ( aops ) are alternatives to the degradation of those organic wastes.
however , the knowledge about the exact mechanisms of aops is still incomplete.
here we report a phenomenon in the aops : induced effects , which is a common property of combustion reaction.
through analysis edta oxidation processes by fenton and uv-fenton system , the results indicate that , just like combustion , aops are typical induction reactions.
one most compelling example is that pre-feeding easily oxidizable organic matter can promote the oxidation of refractory organic compound when it was treated by aops.
connecting aops to combustion , it is possible to achieve some helpful enlightenment from combustion to analyze , predict and understand aops.
in addition , we assume that maybe other oxidation reactions also have induced effects , such as corrosion , aging and passivation.
muchmore research is necessary to reveal the possibilities of induced effects in those fields.
histopathological studies in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) suggest severe and region-specific neurodegeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system ( bfcs ) .
the mild cognitive impairment-ad group showed pronounced volume reductions in the posterior nbm , but preserved volumes of anterior-medial regions.
diagnostic accuracy of posterior nbm volume was superior to hippocampus volume in both groups , despite higher multicenter variability of the bfcs measurements.
the data of our study suggest that bfcs morphometry may provide an emerging biomarker in ad.
amyloid-β peptide ( aβ ) , the cerebral accumulation of which is thought to cause alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , is produced throughout life.
the level of insoluble aβ rises with age and is further increased in ad.
insoluble aβ42 increased progressively with age.
no disease-modifying therapies are currently available for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than @number@ million people worldwide.
here we propose , for the first time , vascular activation as a relevant mechanism in ad pathogenesis.
oral administration of sunitinib significantly reduces vascular expression of these proteins.
furthermore , sunitinib improves cognitive function , as assessed by several behavioral paradigms , in both ad animal models.
finally , oxidant injury of brain endothelial cells in culture , resulting in expression of inflammatory proteins , is mitigated by sunitinib.
the current data , as well as published studies showing cerebrovascular activation in human ad , support further exploration of vascular-based mechanisms in ad pathogenesis.
new thinking about ad pathogenesis and novel , effective treatments are urgently needed.
objective : fibroblast growth factor @number@ ( fgf @number@ ) signaling pathway is crucial to lung development and epithelial reconstruction.
methods : the subjects included @number@ patients with copd ( copd group ) and @number@ healthy controls ( control group ) .
the control group included @number@ males and @number@ females , aging from @number@ to @number@ years [ mean ( @number@ ± @number@ ) ] .
chi-square test was used to perform the hardy-weinberg equilibrium test.
unconditional logistic of regression model was used to calculate odds ratio ( or ) and 95%ci.
the @number@ groups were compared using t-test.
conclusions : fgf @number@ gene snp sites rs2973644 and rs10473352 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to copd in han population of north china.
the snp in rs1011814 may be associated with severity of copd.
symptoms are also not as reliable an indication of disease severity in older patients.
likewise , therapy is more difficult because of potential side effects and drug interactions.
the aim of this study is to compare both images in the same health control ( hc ) and pd subjects.
the spect images were performed at 4-h post-injection for @number@ min , and the pet images were performed at @number@ min post-injection for @number@ min.
each pet and spect image was normalized into montreal neurological institute template aided from individual mri for comparison.
the specific uptake ratio ( sur ) was calculated as ( regional mean counts / reference mean counts-1 ) .
the nonparametric mann-whitney u test was used to evaluate the power of differentiating control from pd subjects for both image modalities.
the correlations of the surs to the clinical parameters were examined.
for voxelwise analysis , two-sample t-test for group comparison between hc and pd was computed in both image modalities.
( @number@ ) f-av-133 pet also showed additional information in substantia nigra integrity in pd subjects by voxelwise analysis.
collectively , ( @number@ ) f-av-133 could be a promising and better tracer for clinical use to detect monoaminergic terminal reduction in pd patients.
aging nurse faculty members are vital human resources who serve as educators , researchers , and leaders within baccalaureate nursing ( bsn ) programs.
on average , aging nurse faculty members are over @number@ years of age and face key retirement decisions over the next decade.
nine academic nurse leaders from bsn programs nationwide were interviewed in this grounded theory study.
data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis.
four categories emerged : valuing aging nurse faculty , enduring environmental challenges , recognizing stakeholder incongruence , and readjusting.
stakeholder incongruence arises as a mismatch between the needs of the bsn program and the skills and contributions of aging nurse faculty members.
progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare parkinsonian disorder with characteristic neurofibrillary pathology consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
common variation defining the microtubule associated protein tau gene ( mapt ) h1 haplotype strongly contributes to disease risk.
genetic associations , however , rarely lead to direct identification of the relevant functional allele.
several transgenic mouse models expressing tau mutations have been tested extensively for memory or motor impairments , though reports of amygdala-dependent behaviors are lacking.
to this end , we tested the rtg4510 mouse model on a behavioral battery that included amygdala-dependent tasks of exploration.
as expected , rtg4510 mice exhibit profound impairments in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tests , including contextual fear conditioning.
respiratory infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide.
the most common causative bacterium , streptococcus pneumoniae , frequently colonises the upper respiratory tract , where it resides mostly asymptomatically.
occasionally , however , s pneumoniae can cause severe disease such as pneumonia.
local host immunity is essential to control colonising pathogens by preventing overgrowth , spread , and invasion.
however , age-related immune deficits in elderly people , known as immunosenescence , might contribute to increased disease burden.
we review present knowledge about immunosenescence in the respiratory tract against gram-positive bacteria , particularly s pneumoniae.
in this study , we analyzed the clinical applicability of la for elderly patients with nsclc.
materials and methods : we studied @number@ patients aged > 70 y underwent curative resections for nsclc.
the categorical data were compared among the four groups.
results : the numbers of patients in groups a , b , c , and d were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
for the univariate analysis , the preoperative factors for postoperative complications were gender , ag , and smoking ( p < @number@ ) .
in a multivariate analysis , ag proved to be an independent factor.
conclusions : the ag was significantly associated with and an independent predictive factor for postoperative complications.
we conclude that la and ag are useful factors for predicting the risk of postoperative complications.
nevertheless , studies of effects of nutrients or single foods on ageing often show inconsistent results and ignore the overall framework of dietary habits.
serum samples of @number@ patients were analyzed with the anti-ccp elisa assay method established in our laboratory.
the anti-ccp assay results were compared with rf-igm and crp concentration analyzed in catholic university.
the specificity of elisa test results of ra patients showed @percent@ and @percent@ , when healthy controls or osteoarthritis patients were considered as negative.
thus , the established elisa method was ra specific , but its sensitivity was low.
to see the low sensitivity may from aging effect , the concentration of anti-ccp was analyzed for different aging group.
we tested @number@ healthy controls ' sera using the same method.
the citrullination might also be occurring during aging process in healthy populations.
the validation results imply that the established method could be used as a clinical diagnostic for ra together with rf-igm.
objective : reductions on the clearance from plasma of chylomicrons are associated with atherosclerosis.
statins improve the removal from plasma of chylomicrons in a dose dependent manner.
there is controversy whether ezetimibe modifies the plasma clearance of chylomicrons.
kinetic studies were performed at baseline and after each treatment period of @number@ weeks.
comparisons were made by anova.
there were no differences between groups in time.
conclusion : both treatments increased similarly the removal from plasma of chylomicron and remnants in chd patients.
frailty is an increasingly recognized syndrome resulting in age-related decline in function and reserve across multiple physiologic systems.
the prevalence of frailty syndrome ( fs ) is of potentially enormous significance , as it potentially affects 20-30% of adults older than @number@
cellular and molecular basis of frailty has not been elucidated.
despite a massive research effort to elucidate alzheimer's disease ( ad ) in recent decades , effective treatment remains elusive.
this approach is based on significant development of methods previously described mainly by our group that were optimized and complemented for this study.
it combines unbiased stereology with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence , making use of advanced graphics computing for three-dimensional ( 3d ) volume reconstructions.
this was accompanied by thickening and hyperkeratosis of hair follicle infundibula.
these abnormalities caused dilatation of infundibula , hair loss , and cyst development upon aging.
these alterations were highly reminiscent to the phenotype of chloracne / \ "metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartomas \ " ( madish ) patients.
these results identify novel nrf2 activities in the pilosebaceous unit and point to a role of nrf2 in madish pathogenesis.
ageing remains the biggest risk factor for developing idiopathic parkinson's disease.
multiple studies have investigated the possible underlying mechanisms of age-related decline in kidney function.
evolutionary , molecular , cellular and systemic theories have been postulated to explain the primary disease independent age-related changes and adaptive responses.
in this review , we will focus on the experimental and clinical evidence of ppar agonists in a battle against the aging kidney.
in this paper we review the effects of aging on sensory systems and their impact on posture , balance and gait.
we also address cognitive aging and attempt to specify which altered cognitive functions negatively impact balance and walking.
the role of cognition in postural control is tested with dual-task experiments.
this situation results in deleterious effects due to an attentional overload.
a level of maximum control exceeds the subject's attentional capacity , which makes it impossible to perform both tasks simultaneously.
the subject therefore prioritizes one of the tasks.
recently this postural-cognitive relationship was addressed with a new approach.
we report how cognitive training can improve dual-task management and we attempt to define the cognitive mechanisms that may be responsible for better postural balance.
objective : multimodal perception raises the issue of sensory integration.
the limits of the model were assessed by evaluating the impact of aging , cerebral damage and spatial deficits.
results : visuo-haptic subjective vertical was correctly predicted by the model in healthy participants , as well as in patients in spite of different performances.
an anticlockwise deviation of the subjective vertical was observed in the neglect group whatever the experimental conditions.
by contrast , no deviation was observed in both non-neglect and healthy groups , for the visual and the visuo-haptic modalities.
moreover , the variance was the smallest in the bimodal condition.
conclusion : the integration of visual and haptic signals appeared to obey a bayesian model optimizing the reliability of the multimodal estimate.
this holds true despite of aging , brain damage or visuospatial disorders.
regarding the perception of the vertical , multisensory integration does not seem thus to depend only on right posterior cortical areas.
objective : to determine whether men with klinefelter syndrome ( ks ) have the same phenotype as men with mosaic ks.
design : subject identification via prospectively collected database.
setting : male infertility specialty clinic.
intervention ( s ) : none.
objective : encouraging physical activity is an important public health measure to reduce disability prevalence in the aged.
the aims of this study were to determine the association between midlife physical activity and late-life disability and to investigate gender-specific differences.
we applied a multivariable hurdle model to investigate the association of physical activity and disability.
results : we analysed @number@ persons with a mean follow-up of 18±5.5 years.
we observed a strong gender-specific difference in this association , with men benefitting more from exercise.
in addition , men seem to benefit more from leisure-time physical activity than women.
objective : to evaluate the temporal association between depression symptoms and cognitive function in older adults over a 4-year period.
the associations between depression and cognitive variables were attenuated when the models were adjusted for sensory impairment , physical health , and locus of control.
habitual consumption of dairy products has been shown to play an important role in the prevention of several chronic diseases.
amd was assessed from retinal photographs.
dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative ffq , and servings of dairy product consumption calculated.
over the 15-year follow-up , there were @number@ @number@ and eighty-four incident cases of any , early and late amd , respectively.
additional cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
cases were evaluated using persons with life expectancy at birth from @number@ to @number@ years.
results : the provision of telemedicine health services increased rural population qale by @number@ quality-adjusted life years.
telemedicine provision does improve rural residents ' health status.
conclusions : it appears that the needs for telemedicine health services increased along with the aging of our society in rural and underserved regions.
aging is the strongest risk factor for cognitive decline.
the perimenopausal period puts women in a more vulnerable state in regard to certain functions such as memory.
the frail phenotype is considered present if three or more of the indicators are observed.
meanwhile , a short battery of physical performance tests was conducted to assess the balance , mobility , and flexibility among elderly people.
methods : a cross-sectional research design was executed.
participants were evaluated using a short battery of physical performance tests to assess their physical performance.
multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analyses were performed.
physical performance test scores were analyzed using the roc curves to discriminate frailty statuses.
conclusions : the research findings suggest that physical performance variables can be used to effectively screen elderly people at risk for frailty in the community.
clinical relevance : the findings offer reference values for physical performance tests specific to community-dwelling frail elderly people.
the expression of nos isoforms in embryonic tissues is temporally and spatially regulated , and disruption of endogenous no can lead to developmental defects.
maternal treatment with pan nos inhibitors during early organogenesis caused severe malformations of the axial skeleton.
in utero exposure during the fetal period induced limb reduction defects of vascular origin.
knock-out mice have been used to define the role of the various nos isoforms on the origin of the abnormal development.
limited morphological changes were observed in mice lacking inducible nos ( inos ) or neuronal nos n ( nos ) .
results obtained with in vitro studies suggest that optimal levels of no are required for neural tube closure.
thrombotic events occurring in either arteries or veins are the primary causes of fatal perioperative cardiovascular events.
clinical evidence indicates beneficial roles of neuraxial anesthesia / analgesia in the prevention of vte for patients undergoing high risk surgical procedures.
to date , mechanisms of action of drugs used for neuraxial anesthesia / analgesia to prevent venous thrombosis are uncertain.
local anesthetics and nk1r antagonists are candidate drugs that may possess the capability to prevent venous thrombotic disorders in perioperative settings.
age of patients and brain oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the aim of this work was to assess whether the antioxidant status of rbc changes in aging and ad.
blood was taken from ad and non-alzheimer's dementia patients , aged-matched and younger controls.
introduction : controversial results on the relationship between the left-handedness and neurotic disturbances have been obtained in so far investigations.
objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the link between the left-handedness and neurotic disturbances in an adult urban population.
a decreasing trend of proportion of left-handed males was found in relation to aging.
conclusion : from a public health point of view , left-handed men may be regarded as a relatively vulnerable population category concerning mental health.
the bmi of the patients is significantly higher than the bmi of the athletes and untrained students.
no significant differences were found between groups in terms of self-perception of weight.
compared to the physically untrained students and patients , the athletes have a significantly higher level of muscle tissue.
the athletes also have a significantly lower adipose tissue than that of the physically untrained students and patients.
ageing is inevitably associated with a decline in physiologic reserves.
frailty results from reaching a threshold of decline across multiple organ systems.
by consequence , it is associated with a high vulnerability and reduced ability to maintain homeostasis.
this vulnerability is not only age-related , but also related to disability and comorbidity , as illustrated by three clinical cases.
sarcopenia , which is defined as age-related loss of muscle mass , is considered to be a central manifestation of frailty.
in addition to being highly prevalent in elderly population , frailty also exerts a substantial impact on quality of life.
as it is extremely challenging by defying conventional medication and involving new therapeutically approaches , frailty fully qualifies as a new geriatric syndrome.
aim : the aim of this research is to contribute new data related to the incidence of essential hypertension in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome.
the gender repartition revealed a higher frequency in the case of female patients ( @percent@ ) .
of the metabolic syndrome criteria , the highest incidence was registered for the essential hypertension.
conclusion : eht has a significant occurrence in elderly patients.
it seems that hypertension of the elderly has a higher occurrence in the case of female patients , due to the lack of hormonal protection.
the association with the other risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome makes the elderly more prone to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.
methods : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ cases of aaa were treated with evar.
of @number@ patients , @number@ were male and @number@ were female , aging 42-89 years ( mean , @number@ years ) .
the patients were all proved to have infrarenal aaa by computed tomography angiography ( cta ) .
the disease duration ranged from @number@ week to @number@ years ( median , @number@ weeks ) .
the maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 44-72 mm ( mean , @number@ mm ) .
the proximal landing zone was longer than @number@ cm.
cta was performed routinely at @number@ months after operation to detect the endoleak of contrast agent.
if endoleak was found , cta was performed again at @number@ months.
the patients were followed up 2-8 months ( mean , @number@ months ) .
at @number@ months after operation , contrast agent endoleak was found in the remnant aneurysm cavity of @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) .
at @number@ months after eperation , contrast agent endoleak was found in @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) by cta.
comparative neuroimaging can identify unique features of the human brain and teach us about human brain evolution.
comparisons with chimpanzees , our closest living primate relative , are critical in this endeavor.
structural magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) has been used to compare brain size development , brain structure proportions and brain aging.
positron emission tomography ( pet ) imaging has been used to compare resting brain glucose metabolism.
functional mri ( fmri ) has been used to compare auditory and visual system pathways , as well as resting-state networks of connectivity.
finally , diffusion-weighted imaging ( dwi ) has been used to compare structural connectivity.
collectively , these methods have revealed human brain specializations with respect to development , cortical organization , connectivity , and aging.
these findings inform our knowledge of the evolutionary changes responsible for the special features of the modern human mind.
objectives : we explore whether spousal caregiving is associated with enhanced well-being for older husbands and wives.
method : we use time diary data from the @number@ panel study of income dynamics and disability and use of time supplement.
we measure experienced well-being as ratings of happiness and frustration during activities recalled for the previous day.
results : for husbands , neither care status nor spouse's disability status are associated with experienced well-being.
findings underscore that there are positive aspects of spousal caregiving for older wives that offset the innately unpleasant nature of household tasks.
the impact of intrinsic aging upon human peripheral blood t cell subsets remains incompletely quantified and understood.
these individuals also exhibited an absolute increase in the effector / effector memory cd4 ( + ) and cd8 ( + ) cells with age.
in addition to positive and negative symptoms , cognitive deficits are increasingly being recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia.
neurocognitive impairments are strongly associated with functional outcomes ; thus , the treatment of cognitive impairments is of central importance.
a large body of evidence suggests that the serotonin @number@ ( 5-ht6 ) receptors may be potential targets for cognitive improvement.
however , less is known about the efficacy of this strategy in the treatment of schizophrenia-like cognitive disturbances.
the putative procognitive actions of 5-ht6 agonists are also reviewed.
finally , the mechanisms that are putatively responsible for the procognitive effects of 5-ht6 receptor ligands are briefly discussed.
three isoforms of ho were identified in the brain : inducible form ( ho-1 ) and constitutive forms ( ho-2 and ho-3 ) .
ho-1 and ho- @date@ have different mechanisms to protect neurons from oxidative stress.
ho-1 is normally barely detectable in the brain.
ho-1 can be induced mainly in microglia and astrocytes by oxidative stimulus rapidly.
ho-1 might function as an emerging molecule to protect neurons against acute insults mediated by facilitating iron efflux from cells under stress conditions.
up-regulation of ho-1 was also found in brain glial cells in the aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
this may lead to iron deposition and oxidative mitochondrial injury.
ho- @date@ confer neuroprotection or neurotoxic effect because of the balance between beneficial and toxic effects of heme and heme products.
pharmacological modulation of ho-1 induction represents a therapeutic strategy for several nervous system disorders.
ho-2 predominantly expressed in neurons.
bilirubin has been demonstrated to protect neurons from oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.
bilirubin can be oxidized to biliverdin by scavenging peroxyl radicals.
ho-2 could protect neurons through bilirubin pathway.
ho-2 might also promote neuronal survival through the co-cgmp-mapk pathway.
biliverdin / bilirubin may be possible therapeutic candidates to treat nervous system disease related with oxidative damage.
although there exists an urgent need to develop effective treatments for age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease , prevention strategies have been underdeveloped.
evidence for the beneficial effects of consuming a walnut-rich diet is reviewed in this article.
importance : morphometric assessment has emerged as a strong predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
however , a gap exists in translating this knowledge to bedside decision making.
we introduced a novel measure of patient-centered surgical risk assessment : morphometric age.
objective : to investigate the relationship between morphometric age and posttransplant survival.
study selection : a retrospective cohort study of @number@ liver transplant patients and @number@ control patients.
we assessed medical records for validated morphometric characteristics of aging ( psoas area , psoas density , and abdominal aortic calcification ) .
these models were then applied to the study population to determine each patient's morphometric age.
data extraction and synthesis : all analytic steps related to measuring morphometric characteristics were obtained via custom algorithms programmed into commercially available software.
an independent observer confirmed all algorithm outputs.
trained assistants performed medical record review to obtain patient characteristics.
morphometric age stratified patients at high and low risk for mortality.
conclusions and relevance : morphometric age correlated with mortality after liver transplant with better discrimination than chronologic age.
assigning a morphometric age to potential liver transplant recipients could improve prediction of postoperative mortality risk.
resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that provides a number of anti-aging health benefits including improved metabolism , cardioprotection , and cancer prevention.
much of the work on resveratrol and cancer comes from in vitro studies looking at resveratrol actions on cancer cells and pathways.
although research in cell culture has shown promising and positive effects of resveratrol , evidence from rodents and humans is inconsistent.
this review highlights the in vivo effects of resveratrol treatment on breast , colorectal , liver , pancreatic , and prostate cancers.
together , the data suggest that many factors need to be considered before resveratrol can be used for human cancer prevention or therapy.
this model results in a @percent@ reduction in nephron number rather than @percent@ , due to compensatory nephrogenesis in the remaining kidney.
similar to children with a congenital sfk , uni-x sheep demonstrate a progressive increase in arterial pressure and a loss of renal function with aging.
methods : thirty-two male subjects voluntarily participated in this study.
yt and at participated in a high intensity sprint and strength training program ( hisst ) for @number@ weeks.
all the participants realized the wingate-test before ( p1 ) and after ( p2 ) hisst.
this age effect disappeared after training when compared yt and at.
results : from @number@ to @number@ @percent@ of adult depression visits included an sga.
the increase in sga augmentation was broad-based , with no significant differences in time trends between demographic and clinical subgroups.
conclusions : between @number@ and @number@ sgas were increasingly accepted in the outpatient treatment of adult nonpsychotic depression.
objective : healthcare and mortality costs of secondhand smoke ( shs ) exposure at home among non-smokers in california were estimated for the year @number@
methods : costs were estimated with an epidemiological model using california shs home exposure rates and published relative risks.
healthcare costs included nine conditions , and mortality was estimated for four perinatal and three adult conditions.
three mortality-related measures were estimated : deaths , years of potential life lost ( ypll ) and the value of lost productivity.
results : shs-attributable healthcare costs totalled over $ 241 million.
these deaths represented a loss of over @number@ @number@ ypll and $ 119 million in lost productivity.
conclusions : the economic impact of shs exposure in the home totalled $ 360 million in california in @number@
policies that reduce exposure to shs at home have great potential for reducing healthcare and mortality costs.
background : there is a loss of lean body mass ( lbm ) with increasing age.
a low lbm has been associated with increased adverse effects from prescribed medications such as chemotherapy.
accurate assessment of lbm may allow for more accurate drug prescribing.
methods : pes were developed in a cohort of @number@ healthy subjects and then validated in a convenience cohort of @number@ healthy subjects.
the best performing anthropometric pe was then compared to published anthropometric pes in an older ( age≥50 years ) cohort of @number@ people.
best subset regression analysis was used to derive pes.
correlation , bland-altman and sheiner & beal methods were used to validate and compare the pes against dual x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) -derived lbm.
results : the pe which included biochemistry variables performed only marginally better than the anthropometric pe.
the anthropometric pe on average over-estimated lbm by @number@ kg in the combined cohort.
conclusions : a new anthropometric pe has been developed that offers an alternative for clinicians when access to dxa is limited.
further research is required to determine the clinical utility and if it will improve the safety of medication use.
however , population level survival has been lower , especially in older patients.
methods : data were extracted from the surveillance , epidemiology , and end results database in the us and @number@ cancer registries in germany.
patients 15-69 years old diagnosed with cml were included in the analysis.
period analysis for 2002-2006 was used to provide the most up-to-date possible estimates of five-year relative survival.
results : five-year relative survival was @percent@ overall in germany and @percent@ in the us.
survival increased between @number@ and @number@ by @percent@ points in germany and @percent@ points in the us.
conclusions : five-year survival estimates were higher in the us than in germany overall , but the difference was only significant for ages 50-59 years.
survival did not equal that seen in clinical trials for either country , but strong improvement in survival was seen between @number@ and @number@
method : semi-structured interviews were conducted with @number@ participants from @number@ organisations providing care and support to older people in a rural region of australia.
a framework analysis approach was used to thematically analyse the data.
results : two main themes were identified : ' recognising the problem ' and ' service availability and access'.
conclusion : this study supports previous work on intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to older people with mental health problems accessing mental health services.
objectives : this study concerns culturally deaf people in the united kingdom who use british sign language ( bsl ) .
its objective was to explore how deaf people's knowledge about dementia and access to services is mediated by their minoritised cultural-linguistic status.
data were subjected to a thematic content analysis.
method : caregivers of ad outpatients were semi-randomly allocated to one of two intervention programmes ( cbt or educ ) consisting of eight weekly sessions.
twenty-six participants completed the study.
before and after intervention , salivary cortisol was collected at four different times of the day.
effects of the interventions were evaluated with self-report psychological scales and questionnaires related to functional abilities and neuropsychiatric symptoms of the ad relative.
results : only in the cbt group did salivary cortisol levels significantly decrease after intervention , with a large effect size and high achieved power.
both groups reported a reduction of neuropsychiatric symptoms of their ad relative after intervention.
this may lead to a positive impact in the general health of the caregiver , eventually resulting in better care of the ad patient.
this study examined correlates of susceptibility to scams in @number@ community-dwelling older adults without dementia from a cohort study of aging.
susceptibility was positively associated with age and negatively associated with income , cognition , psychological well-being , social support , and literacy.
lexical retrieval in production is a competitive process , requiring activation of a target word from semantic input and its selection from amongst coactivated items.
such highly structured tasks may not be representative of the processes at work under more natural word retrieval conditions.
therefore , we conducted a retrospective examination of naming latencies from a randomized picture naming task containing a wide variety of items and categories.
this interference effect did not vary with participant age , contrary to the hypothesis that older adults are more susceptible to semantic interference.
plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health.
experimental evidence suggests that this is partially attributable to changes in gene expression.
it remains to be determined whether this use of bioactive food components can be done safely.
this article reviews the associated controversies and limitations of polyphenol therapy.
the available data strongly suggest significant effects at the molecular level that represent interactions with the epigenome.
we therefore analyzed a series of single bm aspirates from @number@ healthy children who were evaluated as potential bm donors.
thirty-three of these children subsequently donated bm.
we quantified the nucleated cell count , fraction of cd34 + cells , and number of cfu-gm colonies in single aspirates and bm harvests.
harvests yielded the same number of nucleated cells but increased numbers of cd34 + cells and cfu-gm compared with single aspirates.
the concentration of nucleated cells was elevated compared with reported adult counts , while cd34 + percentage and cfu-gm counts were similar.
in this series of healthy children , the fraction of cd34 + cells , cfu-gm colonies , and nucleated cells decreased with age.
we did not identify gender specific differences.
the findings provide valuable information for practical use for bm transplantation and contribute to the understanding of hematopoiesis from birth to adulthood.
this research examined the relationship between health and life satisfaction in women over @number@ years of age in local communities.
the korean longitudinal study of aging was utilized to analyze data from @number@ women over @number@
our findings suggest how older women's health and life satisfaction can be improved , and give necessary directions for future studies.
however , without a specific designated clinic follow up , these patients often fail to get the appropriate care required.
these referred patients were monitored for subsequent success in satisfaction with their primary care needs and their rate of recidivism to the ed.
only @percent@ of these patients who were referred out of our ed returned to be seen in our ed within the three-month interval.
background : tuberculosis is a serious global health problem.
its paradigms are shifting through time , especially in rapidly developing countries such as china.
methods : a qualitative approach was used.
data were analyzed based on thematic content analysis using maxqda @number@ qualitative data analysis software.
results : health providers reported several problems in tuberculosis control in zjg county.
migrant workers and the elderly were repeatedly documented as the main obstacles in effective tuberculosis control in the county.
conclusion : the results suggest that several problems still remain for controlling tuberculosis in rural china.
considerable changes in china's national tuberculosis control program are needed to tackle these emerging challenges faced by health workers at the county level.
the heart begins to beat before the brain is formed.
whether conventional hierarchical central commands sent by the brain to the heart alone explain all the interplay between these two organs should be reconsidered.
here , we demonstrate correlations between the signal complexity of brain and cardiac activity.
the low-to-high frequency power ( lf / hf ) ratio of rri was calculated to represent sympatho-vagal balance.
whether these heart-brain correlations could be fully explained by the central autonomic network is unknown and needs further exploration.
@date@ is a master regulator of self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
@date@ also plays a crucial role in reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem ( ips ) cells.
cobalt and nickel induced a concentration-dependent increase of @date@ and hif-1α , but not nanog or klf4.
@date@ stabilization by cobalt and nickel was mediated largely through reactive oxygen species ( ros ) as co-treatment with ascorbic acid abolished @date@ increase.
moreover , nickel and cobalt treatment increased sumoylation and mono-ubiquitination of @date@ and k123 was crucial for mediating these modifications.
combined , our observations suggest that nickel and cobalt may exert their reproductive toxicity through perturbing @date@ activity in the stem cell compartment.
the analyses show that women's lifespan is more sensitive to the e4 allele than men's in all these populations.
this risk explains the @number@ year shorter life expectancy of the e4 carriers compared to the non-carriers in this sample.
the analyses suggest the existence of age- and gender-sensitive systemic mechanisms linking the e4 allele to lifespan which can non-additively interfere with cancer-related mechanisms.
deregulation of the translational machinery is emerging as a critical contributor to cancer development.
here , we established that elevated mir-520c-3p represses global translation , cell proliferation and initiates premature senescence in hela and dlbcl cells.
consequently , downregulation of eif4gii by sirna decreases translation , cell proliferation and ability to form colonies , as well as induces cellular senescence.
design : double-blind , cluster-randomized controlled trial with 18-mo follow-up.
setting : group health and university of washington , seattle , wa , from @number@ to @number@
participants : three hundred sixty-seven adults age @number@ y and older , with osteoarthritis pain and insomnia symptoms.
measurements and results : there were no significant differences between treatment groups in sleep outcomes at @number@ mo.
this is a change from published significant 9-mo follow-up results for insomnia severity ( insomnia severity index ) and sleep efficiency.
there were no significant treatment differences in pain at either follow-up.
possible trial design and methodological considerations that may have affected results are discussed.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01142349.
low population frequencies of risk alleles in tissue banks make it impractical to study their function in cells derived from autopsied tissue.
the amd-associated risk haplotype ( t-in / del-a ) impairs the ability of the rpe to defend against aging-related oxidative stress.
arms2 / htra1 risk alleles decrease sod2 defense , making rpe more susceptible to oxidative damage and thereby contributing to amd pathogenesis.
objective : male hypogonadism is common in the elderly and has been associated with increased risk of mortality.
our objective has been to assess the prevalence of primary and central hypogonadism in elderly male patients admitted to the hospital because of acute illness.
we also evaluated the relationships between gonadal dysfunction and in-hospital mortality.
patients and methods : @number@ patients , aged ≥65 years , admitted during @number@ and @number@ in our geriatric unit , were studied.
serum concentrations total , bioavailable and free testosterone , as well as of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were quantified in every patient.
hypogonadism was defined by the presence of serum testosterone levels lower than @number@ ng / dl.
results : hypogonadism was found in @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) .
of the @number@ patients who died during hospitalization , @number@ were hypogonadic.
patients who died showed significantly lower serum levels of total , free and bioavailable testosterone than those found in patients who survived.
conclusion : our results show that about half of patients admitted for acute illness have hypogonadism , mainly of non-hypergonadotropic type.
gonadal hypofunction is significantly related with in-hospital mortality.
a low value of serum testosterone may be a predictor for mortality in elderly male patients.
svedem is a national quality registry in sweden , which was established in @number@ to evaluate and improve dementia healthcare.
results : the majority of the ad patients were in the mild stage of the disease.
however , @number@ ( @number@ % ) patients were not treated with any anti-dementia drug.
while polypharmacy was seen in @number@ % of patients , only @number@ % concurrently used ≥3 psychotropic medications.
conclusion : patients taking cheis were treated with less antipsychotics and anxiolytics than those not taking cheis.
more research is warranted to elucidate whether use of cheis in clinical practice can reduce the need for psychotropic drugs in ad patients.
age-related bone loss is in large part the consequence of senescence mechanisms that impact bone cell number and function.
these mechanisms can be classified as intrinsic senescence processes , alterations in endogenous anabolic factors , and changes in local support.
aging mechanisms that are more relevant to the bone microenvironment include alterations in the expression and signaling of local growth factors and altered intercellular communications.
parabiosis , which is characterised by a shared blood supply between two surgically connected animals , may just provide such a transformative experimental paradigm.
we review here briefly the history of parabiosis and discuss its utility to study physiological and pathophysiological processes.
ageing is a stochastic process associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions which predispose to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases.
the intrinsic complexity of ageing remains a significant challenge to understand the cause of this natural phenomenon.
increased oxidative stress and misfolded protein formations , combined with impaired compensatory mechanisms , may promote neurodegenerative disorders with age.
the nad ( + ) -dependent histone deacetylase , sirt1 , has been implicated in the ageing process.
latent mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories in systolic , diastolic , and mid-bp over time.
main outcomes and measures : coronary artery calcification greater than or equal to agatston score of @number@ hounsfield units ( hu ) at year @number@
compared with the low-stable group , trajectories with elevated bp levels had greater odds of having a cac score of @number@ hu or greater.
the adjusted prevalence of a cac score of @number@ hu or higher was @percent@ in the low-stable group.
associations were not altered after adjustment for baseline and year @number@ bp.
findings were similar for trajectories of isolated systolic bp trajectories but were attenuated for diastolic bp trajectories.
long-term trajectories in bp may assist in more accurate identification of individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis.
much has been published on how this expansion disrupts neuronal homeostasis and how gene-based therapy might be an effective treatment in the future.
nevertheless , it is instructive to look back at the origins of this important mutation.
in this opinion piece , we attempt to answer three key questions concerning c9orf72.
first , how many times did the expansion occur throughout human history ?
second , how old is the expansion ?
and finally and perhaps most importantly , how did the expansion spread throughout europe ?
the posterior central gyrus and supplementary motor area during mi were more active in the younger group than in the older group.
the putamen , lingual , and so on demonstrated stronger activation during dominant hand mi in the older group.
a groundbreaking publication by sinclair and coworkers has illuminated the pseudo-hypoxic state in aging and its reversibility.
remarkably , these data also fit the mtor-centered model of aging.
here we discuss that the mtor pathway can cause cellular pseudo-hypoxic state , manifested by hif-1 expression and lactate production under normoxia.
we found that rapamycin decreased hif-1 and lactate levels in proliferating and senescent cells in vitro.
we suggest that pseudo-hypoxic state is not necessarily caused by mitochondrial dysfunction , but instead mitochondrial dysfunction may be secondary to mtor-driven hyperfunctions.
clinical applications of rapamycin for reversing pseudo-hypoxic state and lactate acidosis are discussed.
aging is a common risk factor of many disorders.
with age , the level of insoluble extracellular matrix increases leading to increased stiffness of a number of tissues.
matrix accumulation can also be observed in fibrotic disorders , such as systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) .
we have used quantitative proteomics to characterize the phenotype of dermal fibroblasts from healthy subjects of various ages and from patients with ssc.
specifically , minichromosome maintenance ( mcm ) helicase proteins are less abundant with age and ssc , and they exhibit an altered subcellular distribution.
hence , at the molecular level , ssc fibroblasts exhibit intrinsic characteristics of fibroblasts from aged skin.
recent findings : disparities are evident within rural settings for patients with cardiovascular disease.
useful guidelines exist to guide clinical services integration.
palliative care and cardiac services need to integrate their services defining the primary care lead with heart failure nurses coordinating.
earlier communication around disease implications , symptom burden and objectives of care feed into the integrated model for best and agreed outcomes to be achieved.
individual care plans can assist all involved.
this includes heart failure nurse coordination based in the cardiac team , palliative care and general practice support.
chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are underlying the uremia-associated immune deficiency.
summary : in this review , the differential impact of uremia on the cellular immune system is summarized.
virtually all immune cells studied show a combination of an activated status and loss of function.
epigenetically changed hematopoietic stem cells may be involved in immunological aging as specific dna regions become hypermethylated.
proinflammatory t cells and monocytes persist after kidney transplantation , which constitutes a persistent cardiovascular risk factor.
possible therapeutic options to reverse or halt uremia-associated immunological aging are discussed.
the latter is a novel finding and was confirmed by a direct survey of female bppv patients ( @number@ participated ) .
conclusions : data suggest that hormonal fluctuations ( especially during menopause ) may increase the tendency to develop bppv.
exercise has been shown to counter weight gain ; however , it might increase circulating androgens.
methods : twenty-eight women , aged @number@ to @number@ years , completed the 6-month intervention study.
the exercise intervention consisted of combined aerobic and resistance workouts scheduled @number@ days / week for @number@ minutes / day.
insulin sensitivity index increased in the exe group compared with the con group ( p < @number@ ) .
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is the most common form of head injury and is a leading cause of death worldwide.
due to the vast variability in the types and severity of trauma , the cellular consequences of head injury are not completely understood.
in doing so , effective therapeutic strategies can be applied.
current in vivo experimental models yield important information , but they too have a significant amount of variation.
we present and discuss the current models of traumatic head injury , and we focus on those that assess changes in tau.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is routinely diagnosed with the aid of neuropsychological tests , which do not tap the abm and psm domains.
conclusion : personal memory was compromised in mci , reflected by lower scores on the eami.
memory complaining , assessed by current approaches , did not have an impact on personal memory.
standard subjective questionnaires might not reflect the sorts of concerns that bring individuals to clinical attention.
understanding personal memory function in the elderly may aid in the development of a more sensitive measure of subjective memory concerns.
the ethnic difference was attributed to significantly higher gst levels among mexican-americans.
mexican-americans , however , were protected from any deleterious effects of testosterone , potentially due to higher levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses such as gst.
puerto rican adults in the united states mainland live with socioeconomic and health disparities.
to understand their contextual experience of aging , we interviewed participants in the boston puerto rican health study.
we address the tensions between ' acceptance ' and fatalismo as a cultural belief , and a function of structural barriers.
the experience of aging is discussed in the context of puerto rico's history and continued dependence on the united states.
increasing health care costs in the us are due in a large part to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in an aging population.
herein , we report that x-box binding protein @number@ ( xbp1 ) may be one of the earliest proteins engaged in response to er stress.
the mode of action for naclynamide™ as a first-in-class anti-cancer drug candidate is discussed.
design : secondary data analysis.
setting : acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
participants : patients aged @number@ years and older receiving inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of tbi between @number@ and @number@
main outcome measures : functional independence , level of disability , and living situation.
of the total population , @percent@ were retired , @percent@ employed , @percent@ not working , and @percent@ students.
a recent trend shows the aging of the inpatient tbi rehabilitation population.
these findings are of particular interest , as the oldest age groups considered in these analyses did not include the baby boom population.
purpose : the aim of this study was to propose a version of the icf core set to classify the physical health of older adults.
methods : the proposition of the icf core set was based on the delphi technique.
the panel of experts included @number@ brazilian researchers ( physical therapists , medical doctors , nurses , and physical educators ) .
the communication was wholly electronic.
in total , there were @number@ rounds of interactivity between the participants to arrive at the final version of the construct.
conclusions : the presented core set is a secure , fast , and accurate instrument for assessing the physical health and engagement of older adults.
it defines points related to functioning and health that are relevant when evaluating this population , as well as when reevaluating it and monitoring changes.
we aimed to assess whether tgf-β1 signaling is affected by age.
methods : vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmc ) were obtained from patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
levels of tgf-β1 were measured by elisa in sera from @number@ patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) .
the p27 expression was determined by western blot from internal mammary arteries ( ima ) obtained from cabg patients ( n = 13 ) .
in vsmc from these patients undergoing abdominal surgery , secretion of tgf-β1 was determined by elisa of cell-conditioned media.
this effect was correlated to an age-dependent decrease of p27 expression in ima from aged cabg patients.
in a similar manner , there was an age-dependent decrease of serum tgf-β1 levels in cabg patients ( p = 0.0195 ) .
conclusions : vsmc from aged patients showed a higher degree of cellular senescence and it was associated to a lower tgf-β1 secretion and signaling.
background : prospective memory , or remembering to do things in the future , is crucial for independent living in old age.
the present study investigated feedback as a strategy for facilitating prospective memory in the elderly.
method : young and older adults played a computer-based task , virtual week , in which they had to remember to carry out life-like intentions.
the control group received no feedback.
results : we found that , compared with no-feedback group , only social feedback substantially reduced the age-related deficit in prospective memory.
older adults significantly benefited from feedback provided by the experimenter on the tasks of intermediate difficulty.
conclusions : the results extended previous findings on the effectiveness of feedback in improving the memory performance of older adults to include memory for intentions.
this has implications for computerized training tasks where automated feedback is considered crucial.
the β-amyloid precursor protein undergoes cleavages by β- and γ-secretasses yielding amyloid-β peptides ( aβ ) that accumulate in alzheimer's disease.
we have obtained and fully characterized by immunologic and biochemical approaches , a polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the c-terminus of aβx-34.
we present immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of aβx-34 in the brain of 3xtg mice and alzheimer's disease-affected human brains.
this association is usually ascribed to aortic stiffening with age but the precise impact of low dbp per se is yet uncertain.
methods : @number@ hypertensive patients recruited in the seventies had an aortic ats score at pretreatment aortography.
all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were assessed @number@ years later.
the prognostic values of dbp and sbp were assessed by a multivariate cox regression model and their interactions with ats examined.
no interaction was found between sbp and ats ( p for interaction > @number@ ) .
aortic atherosclerosis may explain , at least partly , in some high risk populations , the j-shape of the already reported dbp-outcome relationship.
background : as the population ages , the burden on the healthcare system might increase and require changed public health priorities.
we ranked diseases using their average annual notification rate for 2007-2011.
trends in notification rates from @number@ onwards were determined with a non-parametric test for trend.
using notification rate ratios ( nrr ) , we compared results in those aged ≥65 years to those aged 20-64 years.
conclusions : based on our results , we emphasise the importance of focusing public health efforts for those ≥65 years on preventing invasive bacterial infections.
materials and methods : data was collected through independently completed surveys after obtaining irb approval in a single institution cancer center over a 4-month period.
questions regarding internet access and use of electronic media to obtain health information and coordinate care were distributed.
the younger group felt more comfortable using the internet when compared to the older group ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the data supports that there is an age-defined underutilization of internet and electronic devices to exchange hri and ccc.
aging of an individual entails a progressive decline of functional reserves and loss of homeostasis that eventually lead to mortality.
this process is highly individualized and is influenced by multiple genetic , epigenetic and environmental factors.
thus , many factors other than mere chronological age will contribute to treatment tolerance and outcome in the older patients with cancer.
these result from a combination of the above two processes , overlaying genetic predispositions which contribute significantly to the aging phenotype.
these potential \ "aging biomarkers \ " might provide additional prognostic / predictive information supplementing clinical evaluation.
this manuscript tries to provide a guideline on how these markers can be integrated in future research aimed at providing such data.
background : old age and hypertension are consistently reported to be the main risk factors of leukoaraiosis.
the association between white matter lesions ( wmls ) and other cardiovascular risk factors ( cvrf ) remains controversial.
we evaluated the association between cvrf and wmls in a cohort study and determined the blood pressure variables that could predict wml severity.
the exclusion criteria included prior myocardial infarction , stroke , heart failure , atrial fibrillation , type @number@ diabetes mellitus , and pacing.
white matter changes on mri were defined as hyperintensities > 5mm on flair images.
we used the total degree of wml ( range : 0-30 ) by adding the region-specific scores of both hemispheres.
no significant relationship was found between leukoaraiosis score and clinical sbp , clinical dbp , or nocturnal dip.
there was also no significant relationship between leukoaraiosis and other recognized cardiovascular risk factors.
conclusions : even moderate increases in 24h sbp promote arteriolar fragility of the cerebral white matter in a population aged @number@
the prognostic implications of such abnormalities in asymptomatic and moderate cardiovascular risk populations remain to be evaluated.
objective : research suggests that self-esteem can decline in older adulthood.
this process could remove a buffer that normally protects individuals against distress-related changes in cortisol secretion.
measures of self-esteem , depressive symptoms , and perceived stress were assessed at t1 and t2.
potential demographic and health-related confounds were measured at baseline ( partnership status , ses , mortality risk index , and medication ) .
conclusions : declines in self-esteem represent a mechanism that contributes to higher levels of diurnal cortisol secretion if older adults experience psychological distress.
increases in self-esteem , by contrast , can ameliorate older adults ' cortisol regulation in stressful circumstances.
one of the most consistent findings in the biology of depression is an altered activity of the ( hpa ) axis.
however , data concerning this issue have never been examined with a focus on the older population.
we found @number@ studies , for a total of @number@ comparisons on different indices of hpa axis functioning.
the effect of depression was even higher on post-dexamethasone cortisol levels ( @number@ ) , whereas it was non-significant on morning acth and crh levels.
subgroup analyses indicated that various methodological and clinical factors can influence the study results.
overall , older participants suffering from depression show a high degree of dysregulation of hpa axis activity , with differences compared with younger adults.
this might depend on several mechanisms , including physical illnesses , alterations in the cns and immune-endocrinological alterations.
further studies are needed to clarify the implications of altered hpa axis activity in older patients suffering from depression.
novel pharmacological approaches might be effective in targeting this pathophysiological feature , thus improving the clinical outcomes.
background : epigenome-wide association studies of human disease and other quantitative traits are becoming increasingly common.
a series of papers reporting age-related changes in dna methylation profiles in peripheral blood have already been published.
however , blood is a heterogeneous collection of different cell types , each with a very different dna methylation profile.
we also demonstrate that , in these studies , cellular composition explains much of the observed variability in dna methylation.
furthermore , we find high levels of confounding between age-related variability and cellular composition at the cpg level.
conclusions : our findings underscore the importance of considering cell composition variability in epigenetic studies based on whole blood and other heterogeneous tissue sources.
we also provide software for estimating and exploring this composition confounding for the illumina 450k microarray.
this study examines electroglottographic ( egg ) recordings for @number@ young and @number@ old male speakers of new zealand english.
analysis was performed on the sustained vowels / i : / and / a : / at three target levels for both pitch and loudness.
jitter was greater for older speakers , and the contact quotient ( qx ) was significantly lower for older speakers.
the greater jitter for older speakers indicates a decrease in the stability of the vocal production mechanism of the older speakers.
when loudness is also considered , the qx was significantly greater for louder vowels , whereas its perturbation was significantly lower for louder vowels.
this relationship combined with the age effect , with the cqp for all three loudness levels being greater for the older speakers.
the findings of this study will contribute to the development of vocal fold models that account for aging.
we aimed to investigate the effects of apoe genotype on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in cognitively normal ( cn ) elderly.
we further tried to elucidate whether or not such effects are associated with beta-amyloid protein ( aβ ) deposition.
methods : @number@ cn elderly participants underwent clinical examination , a range of neuropsychological tests , apoe genotyping , and pittsburgh compound-b- and fluorodeoxyglucose-pet scans.
results : @number@ apoe ε4 carriers and @number@ non-carriers were included.
both hypometabolic and hypermetabolic regions were observed in ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers when age , education , and sex were controlled.
behaviorally , verbal episodic memory scores of apoe ε4 carriers were slightly lower than those of noncarriers , though still within normal range.
rodents models have often been used to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of age-related changes in human skeletal muscle.
for male c57bl / 6 mice , age-related decline in muscle force generating capacity seems to occur only at higher relative age than in men.
impaired synaptic plasticity is implicated in the functional decline of the nervous system associated with ageing.
understanding the structure of ageing synapses is essential to understanding the functions of these synapses and their role in the ageing nervous system.
in this review , we summarize studies on ageing synapses in vertebrates and invertebrates , focusing on changes in morphology and ultrastructure.
we cover different parts of the nervous system , including the brain , the retina , the cochlea , and the neuromuscular junction.
the morphological characteristics of aged synapses could shed light on the underlying molecular changes and their functional consequences.
processes that regulate quiescence , self-renewal , and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) are not well understood.
persistent ahr activation by dioxin , a potent agonist , results in altered numbers and function of hscs in mice.
hscs from ahr ( - / - ) knockout ( ko ) mice are hyperproliferative and have an altered cell cycle.
aging ko mice show characteristics consistent with premature bone marrow exhaustion.
background : the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae ( esbl-e ) is increasing worldwide.
esbl-e are known to colonize different body sites and cause bloodstream infections ( bsi ) , pneumonia , intra-abdominal infections and urinary tract infections.
methods : for the purpose of this review , icu patients , patients in hematology and oncology wards and transplant recipients were considered high-risk.
the evidence on epidemiology , associated risk factors , treatment and hygiene measures were summarized.
discussion : this review gives a complete overview on the management of esbl-e in the high-risk setting.
there has been a change in this research arena , necessitating a re-evaluation of our knowledge on the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective.
thus , this review aimed to provide a solid overview of the current status and changing patterns of tinea pedis.
for optimal patient care and management , the diagnosis of tinea pedis should be verified by microbiological analysis.
our data also indicate a different rate of senescence of different performance traits associated with scoring over a male's lifetime.
disorders of the skeleton are one of the most common causes of chronic pain and long-term physical disability in the world.
we also discuss therapies targeting nerve growth factor or sclerostin for treating skeletal pain.
these therapies have provided unique insight into the factors that drive skeletal pain and the structural decline that occurs in the aging skeleton.
aging cells cease to divide and drive the progression of illness through various pathways.
over the years , a number of anti-aging medicines of natural and synthetic origin have been introduced.
indeed , some studies have identified senescent cells as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of aging and age-related diseases.
areas covered : in this review , the authors highlight and critically review the possible mechanisms of the aging process and related illnesses.
the authors give particular attention to illnesses , including alzheimer's disease , parkinson's disease , skin aging and cardiovascular diseases.
expert opinion : several reports have highlighted that mitochondria are a key factor in the progression of aging and neurodegenerative illnesses.
this is due to their production of extra amounts of reactive oxygen species , which leads into progressive caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell death.
therefore , strategies to prevent / reduce oxidative stress-mediated aging , whether environmental , nutritional and pharmacological , need to be taken into account.
red blood cells ( rbc ) have been considered almost exclusively as a transporter of metabolic gases and nutrients for the tissues.
importantly , oxidative protein damage contributes to age-dependent accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria or protein aggregates.
therefore , alternative approaches that can circumvent these limitations are needed.
treatment comprised eprosartan @number@ mg / day with add-on antihypertensive therapy after @number@ month if required.
results : @number@ patients were identified , of whom @number@ were included in the intention-to-treat ( itt ) cohort.
the effect size estimate of the different framingham methods varied noticeably ; reasons for those differences warrant further investigation.
age at menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive life and its timing associates with risks for cancer , cardiovascular and bone disorders.
gwas and candidate gene studies conducted in women of european ancestry have identified @number@ loci associated with age at menopause.
the relevance of these loci to women of african ancestry has not been previously studied.
we did not identify any additional loci significantly associated with age at menopause in african americans.
in addition , associations of @number@ loci are directionally consistent with previous reports.
we provide evidence that genetic variants influencing reproductive traits identified in european populations are also important in women of african ancestry residing in usa.
the ( saga ) chromatin-modifying complex possesses acetyltransferase and deubiquitinase activities.
within this modular complex , ataxin-7 anchors the deubiquitinase activity to the larger complex.
here we identified and characterized drosophila ataxin-7 and found that reduction of ataxin-7 protein results in loss of components from the saga complex.
interestingly , the effect on ubiquitination was conserved in human cells , suggesting a novel mechanism regulating histone deubiquitination in higher organisms.
consistent with this mechanism in vivo , we found that a recombinant deubiquitinase module is active in the absence of ataxin-7 in vitro.
the cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that appropriate cognitive stimulation could maintain or improve cognitive performance.
this study examines the effect on pvf performance of a brief crossword-based intervention in a cognitively normal , community-based sample.
methods : thirty-seven members of active retirement groups volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to a crossword group and a control group.
the former attempted a crossword daily for @number@ weeks while the latter kept a daily gratitude diary for the same period.
conclusion : daily crosswords may be a simple and effective means of bolstering pvf performance in older people.
observations : pgd and fertilization cycles resulted in detection of @number@ f198s mutation-free embryos.
conclusion and relevance : ivf with pgd is a viable option for couples who wish to avoid passing the disease to their offspring.
neurologists should be aware of pgd to be able to better consult at-risk families on their reproductive choices.
introduction : while there is consensus on how to treat acute appendicitis , the most suitable treatment for an appendiceal inflammatory mass is still debated.
this study compares the outcomes of operative and nonoperative management.
of the operated patients had a recurrence and the incidence of complications was @percent@.
the incidence of underlying malignant tumor in our study population was @percent@.
in @number@ patients , the definitive diagnosis remained unclear because the patients did not undergo surgery or follow-up colonoscopy after nonoperative treatment.
the rate of extensive ( ileocecal + hemicolonic ) resection in all operated patients was @percent@.
if nonoperative treatment is chosen , follow-up colonoscopy is mandatory to exclude malignancy.
however , the influence of age on the genetic factors determining igf-1 levels is not clear.
heritability explained @number@ % of igf-1 variation adjusted for age and in unadjusted sample was independent of age.
ten snps in four haploblocks showed significant association with igf-1 levels , with p = @number@ @date@ .
the most distal snp was located up to @number@ kbp from the igf-1 gene.
this is the first study to test the age × genotype interaction in igf-1 levels.
the genomic region marked by rs855203 may consequently be of significance for further molecular and pharmacogenetic research , in particular in advanced age.
participants were recruited from @date@ , through @date@ , with the final follow-up visit by @date@ .
main outcome measures : cognition was assessed at baseline and @number@ and @number@ months.
results : baseline mean hba1c level was @percent@ ; mean age , @number@ years ; and mean duration of t2dm , @number@ years.
at @number@ months , no differences in cognitive function were found in the intensive bp-lowering trial or in the fibrate trial.
fibrate therapy had no effect on tbv compared with placebo.
intensive bp control was associated with greater decline in tbv at @number@ months relative to standard therapy.
trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00000620.
however , the hallmark of almost all closely related species is a differing chromosome complement and therefore chromosomal rearrangements seem to be crucial for speciation.
the phenotypic outcome of the telomere-triggered transposon activity is the saltatory appearance of nonadaptive characters simultaneously in many individuals.
transgenerational telomere erosion is therefore the material basis of aging at the species level.
human tdp-43 represents the main component of neuronal inclusions found in patients with neurodegenerative diseases , especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
interestingly , the protein regions of tdp-43 and hrp38 responsible for reciprocal interactions are conserved through evolution.
functionally , experiments in hela cells demonstrate that tdp-43 is necessary for the inhibitory activity of hrp38 on splicing.
finally , drosophila in vivo studies show that hrp38 deficiency produces locomotive defects and life span shortening in tdp-43 with and without animals.
these results suggest that hnrnp protein levels can play a modulatory role on tdp-43 functions.
this review proposes that estrogen and progestogen exposure play an important role in the increased risk of hyponatremia in menopausal women.
this article provides information on the effects of female reproductive hormones and hormone therapy ( ht ) on fluid regulation and cardiovascular function during menopause.
thirst- and fluid-regulating hormones respond to both osmotic and volume stimuli.
aging women maintain thirst sensitivity to osmotic stimuli but lose some thirst sensitivity to changes in central body fluid volume.
thus , older adults are more at risk of dehydration because they may replenish fluids at a slower rate.
estrogen therapy increases osmotic sensitivity for mechanisms to retain body water so may help menopausal women control body fluids and avoid dehydration.
however , some progestogens can increase cardiovascular risks.
appropriate balance of these hormones within ht is important to avoid the negative consequences of body fluid and sodium retention , including edema and hypertension.
beyond their own family caregivers , home healthcare nurses play a pivotal role in caring for those dying at home.
however , deciding the timing of the next visit for these patients and their families is not straightforward.
the transformation focused on clearly defining the role , function and reporting structure , and identifying which healthcare providers could fill the liaison role.
the authors identify key success factors that made the transformation possible , as well as challenges and work that remains to sustain the change.
background : blood transfusion is frequently required in children undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with altered postoperative outcome.
this may be due to alterations in red blood cell properties related to the storage process.
objective : to evaluate the effect of blood storage duration on postoperative morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
design : a retrospective review of a paediatric cardiac surgery database.
setting : department of anaesthesiology , queen fabiola children's university hospital , brussels , belgium.
participants : children transfused with one or two units of blood in the perioperative period.
interventions : none.
the primary endpoint was a composite based on the incidence of hospital mortality and / or the incidence of at least one organ failure.
results : from @number@ children in the database , @number@ were included in the final analysis.
no difference was found in mortality , length of icu stay , mechanical ventilation duration , postoperative infection and major organ dysfunction.
purpose : with the aging of society in developed countries and advances in surgical technology in recent years , surgery is increasing in elderly patients.
when performing surgery in older patients , both surgical outcomes and the maintenance of postoperative quality of life ( qol ) are important issues.
this study investigated surgical outcomes and postoperative qol in octogenarians who underwent cardiac valvular surgery.
kaplan-meier analysis was used to assess survival.
hospital mortality was @percent@ ( @number@ patient ) .
the 3- , 5- , and 7-year survival rates were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusions : short-term outcomes were satisfactory , with low complication and mortality rates.
mid-term outcomes showed maintenance of the minimal required adl and good motivation for living.
however , independence in social activities was decreased , suggesting the need for comprehensive social support.
microtensile bond strengths were determined.
both fluoride-containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after @number@ year of accelerated aging in water.
each main group was subdivided as with ( subgroup b ) or without ( subgroup a ) a bonding system.
we applied fs-containing acp to etched enamel surfaces.
all specimens were aged by thermocycling and water bath.
we then measured microtensile bond strengths and analyzed data with two-way anova and tukey's tests.
er : yag laser-etching may be an alternative enamel etching method to acid-etching for acp-containing fs.
all routinely utilized sedatives and anesthetics have been found neurotoxic in a wide variety of animal species , including non-human primates.
neurotoxic effects observed in animals include histologic evidence for apoptotic neuronal cell death and subsequent learning and memory impairment.
several cohort studies in neonates with significant comorbidities requiring surgical procedures early in life have also demonstrated abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes.
objective : this study aimed at defining the incidence and demographics of clinically diagnosed retinal vein occlusion ( rvo ) in korea.
design : nationwide population-based retrospective study using data entered into the korean national health claims database from @number@ through @number@
participants : data of the entire population of korea ( n = @number@ based on the @number@ census ) were analyzed.
methods : the korean national health claims database was analyzed to identify patients with rvo.
incident cases included individuals with no rvo claims in @number@ but with rvo claims in the years @number@ through @number@
the incidence rate of rvo was estimated for the entire korean population.
main outcome measures : the person-time incidence rates of clinically diagnosed rvo in korea , including the age- and gender-specific incidence rates , were estimated.
results : a total of @number@ @number@ rvo cases ( @percent@ in women ) were identified.
conclusions : this study reports the population-based rvo incidence in korea.
the increasing burden of ageing populations and their healthcare expenditure is a major challenge worldwide.
the human genome comprises of many protein coding and even more non-coding rna genes.
sirt6 is a histone deacetylase that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and the prevention of age-associated diseases.
the previous study generated a preliminary pharmacophore for the quercetin binding site on sirt6 , containing @number@ hydrogen bond donors and one hydrogen bond acceptor.
in this study , we have generated a refined pharmacophore with an additional twelve quercetin analogs.
however , there are little data regarding the pathologic mechanisms that link vascular risk factors to the factors associated with dementia onset.
we provide evidence that suggests intriguing detrimental interactions between stroke and β-amyloid ( aβ ) toxicity in the hippocampus.
stroke was induced by unilateral striatal injection of endothelin-1 , the potent vasoconstrictor.
aβ toxicity was modeled by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of the toxic fragment aβ.
gross morphologic changes in comorbid aβ and stroke rats were enlargement of the lateral ventricles with concomitant shrinkage of the hippocampus.
the hippocampus displayed a series of synergistic biochemical alterations , including microgliosis , deposition of aβ precursor protein fragments , and cellular degeneration.
behaviorally , there was impairment in the hippocampal-based discriminative fear-conditioning to context task indicating learning and memory deficit.
these results suggest an insight into the relationship between hippocampal atrophy , pathology , and functional impairment.
accuracy was good across the cohorts ( harrell's c statistic : chs , @number@ fhs , @number@ hrs , @number@ salsa , @number@ ) .
comparing fits of linear and multiphase growth models , we found that 2-phase models demonstrated better fit than did single-phase models across all time metrics.
how does cognitive control change with age , and what are the processes underlying these changes ?
little is known , however , about age-related changes in this ability across the life span when there is no opportunity to anticipate task goals.
all participants performed single-task blocks and mixed-task blocks ( involving unpredictable switching between @number@ tasks ) in silent and labeling conditions.
participants categorized bidimensional stimuli either by picture or by color , depending on their spatial position in a 2-cell vertical grid.
response times revealed an inverted u shape in performance with age.
further , differential age-related effects of verbalization were also obtained.
verbalizations were detrimental for young adults , beneficial for older adults , and had mixed effects in children.
these differences are interpreted in terms of qualitative developmental changes in reactive goal-setting strategies.
aim : to identify lifestyle factors associated with healthy aging in middle-aged and older australian men.
categories of sexual activity frequency in the previous four weeks ranged from zero to 12 + times.
results : \ "good health \ " declined with increasing age with @percent@ of men over @number@ years reporting \ "good health \ ".
low-risk alcohol intake and living with a partner were positively associated with \ "good health \ ".
and then in lmp1-negative samples , we detected the ebv-encoded rna ( eber ) using in situ hybridization.
the γ-h2ax level was detected in npc cells cne1 before and after ebv infection using western blotting.
finally , western blotting showed that γ-h2ax level significantly increased in cne1 cells after ebv infection.
conclusion : this study demonstrated that an intimate connection existed between γ-h2ax expression and ebv infection in npc both in vivo and in vitro.
ebv infection might induce dna damage in cne1 cells , which causes genome instability and initiates or promotes the tumorigenesis and development of npc.
to examine this phenomenon , we compared older and younger adults in categorical perception of faces.
we morphed faces to change linearly from one identity to another.
we used familiar or unfamiliar faces in separate conditions to examine the role of familiarity.
categorical perception was assessed in an identity-classification task and a discrimination task.
older adults showed a shallower slope and poorer discrimination compared with younger adults , and both groups exhibited better performance with familiar than unfamiliar faces.
background : human aging is associated with dna methylation changes at specific sites in the genome.
these epigenetic modifications may be used to track donor age for forensic analysis or to estimate biological age.
results : we perform a comprehensive analysis of methylation profiles to narrow down @number@ age-related cpg sites in blood.
we demonstrate that most of these age-associated methylation changes are reversed in induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) .
methylation levels at three age-related cpgs located in the genes itga2b , aspa and pde4c were subsequently analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing of @number@ blood samples.
this epigenetic aging signature facilitates age predictions with a mean absolute deviation from chronological age of less than @number@ years.
this precision is higher than age predictions based on telomere length.
conclusions : our epigenetic aging signature provides a simple biomarker to estimate the state of aging in blood.
age-associated dna methylation changes are counteracted in ipscs.
on the other hand , over-estimation of chronological age in bone marrow failure syndromes is indicative for exhaustion of the hematopoietic cell pool.
thus , epigenetic changes upon aging seem to reflect biological aging of blood.
cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome that is associated with anorexia , weight loss and increased catabolism , with increased morbidity and mortality.
currently no therapy is approved for the treatment or prevention of cachexia.
different treatment options have been suggested but many have proven to be ineffective or associated with adverse events.
nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators ( sarms ) are a new class of anabolic agents that bind the androgen receptor and exhibit tissue selectivity.
enobosarm ( gtx-024 , s-22 ) is a recently developed sarm , developed by gtx , inc.
this article provides an introduction to enobosarm as a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of cachexia.
background : despite widespread use of multivitamin supplements , their effect on cognitive health-a critical issue with aging-remains inconclusive.
to date , no long-term clinical trials have studied multivitamin use and cognitive decline in older persons.
objective : to evaluate whether long-term multivitamin supplementation affects cognitive health in later life.
design : randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of a multivitamin from @number@ to @date@ .
the cognitive function substudy began in @number@
up to @number@ repeated cognitive assessments by telephone interview were completed over @number@ years.
( clinicaltrials.gov : nct00270647 ) setting : the physicians ' health study ii.
patients : @number@ male physicians aged @number@ years or older.
intervention : daily multivitamin or placebo.
measurements : a global composite score averaging @number@ tests of global cognition , verbal memory , and category fluency.
the secondary end point was a verbal memory score combining @number@ tests of verbal memory , which is a strong predictor of alzheimer disease.
limitation : doses of vitamins may be too low or the population may be too well-nourished to benefit from a multivitamin.
conclusion : in male physicians aged @number@ years or older , long-term use of a daily multivitamin did not provide cognitive benefits.
primary funding source : national institutes of health , basf , pfizer , and dsm nutritional products.
because of the modulation of the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory-oxidative stress cycle , resveratrol could play an important role in controlling ckd-related metabolic derangements.
although resveratrol supplementation in theory is a promising therapy in this patient group , there are no studies evaluating its effects.
background : among senior drivers , benzodiazepines ( bzds ) have a documented effect on the risk of road traffic crashes ( rtcs ) .
it remains unclear however if bzds play the same role when considering marital status.
therefore , we aimed to investigate the role of marital status in the association between bzd use and injurious rtcs among senior drivers.
methods : matched case-control study based on five national swedish registers ( n = @number@ @number@ ) .
four controls were matched to each case by sex , age and place of residence.
conditional logistic regression analysis for injurious rtc was performed with adjustment for occupation and number of medications.
compared to married drivers , those divorced ( @number@ @number@.43-1.53 ) and widowed ( @number@ @number@.45-1.63 ) had higher adjusted ors.
marital status modified the association between bzds and rtcs , particularly among younger male drivers.
conclusions : both bzds and marital status independently affect the risk for senior drivers to be involved in an rtc.
osa-related cognitive deficits are highly prevalent and can affect various memory systems including overnight memory consolidation on a motor sequence task.
thus , the aim of our study was to examine the effect of aging on sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in patients with and without osa.
methods : we studied @number@ patients ( 19-68 years ) who had been referred by a physician for a baseline polysomnography ( psg ) evaluation.
however , the presence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an aging-related cognitive deficit , otherwise not present in individuals without osa.
accurate and robust brain extraction is a critical step in most neuroimaging analysis pipelines.
to demonstrate its capability to work on non-human primates , the proposed method is further evaluated using a rhesus macaque dataset with @number@ subjects.
harp has moderate diagnostic accuracy ( @percent@ ) for downstream decreased scores in activities of daily living.
this paper reports the diagnostic accuracy of harp for downstream quality of life.
it also tests whether adding other measures to harp improves its diagnostic accuracy.
harp scores were derived from a formula that summed scores assigned to age , activities of daily living , and mental state categories.
physical and mental component scores of a quality of life measure were captured by telephone interview at @number@ and @number@ months after recruitment.
the addition of other variables to harp did not improve its diagnostic accuracy for either measure of quality of life.
conclusion : harp is a poor predictor of quality of life.
methods : the iop measurements were obtained using the rbt and gat , and cct was measured using a specular-type microscope.
bland-altman analysis was used to assess the clinical agreement between the two instruments.
the influence of cct adjusted for age on iop readings was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.
results : this study included @number@ eyes of @number@ normal subjects and @number@ eyes of @number@ glaucoma patients.
the mean age was @number@.7±4.3 years ( normal subjects ) and @number@.1±5.1 years ( glaucoma patients ) .
conclusion : iop readings measured using the rbt and gat showed within the allowable range in the late elderly subjects with or without glaucoma.
eyes with glaucoma were correlated closely with cct using each instrument.
background : nursing home residents are mainly older people with multiple diseases and taking multiple medications.
the quality use of medication and its association with health related quality of life ( hrqol ) have not been reported in malaysia.
methods : a prospective follow up study was conducted at four nongovernmental organization nursing homes in penang , malaysia.
older residents ( ≥65 years old ) taking at least one prescribed medication were included.
residents with pims were identified by using screening tool of older person's potentially inappropriate prescriptions ( stopp ) criteria.
hrqol was assessed using euroqol-5 dimension ( eq-5d ) and euroqol-visual analog scale ( eq-vas ) at baseline and after a 3-month follow up.
the association of pims with hrqol was analyzed using mann-whitney u test.
the prevalence of pims was @percent@ and @percent@ at baseline and @number@ months later , respectively.
comparison of the differences in the mean score index of eq-5d between baseline and after @number@ months also showed no statistically significant differences.
conclusion : pims were found to be relatively common among older nursing home residents.
however , no significant changes were observed in hrqol among these residents.
further studies with a bigger sample size and longer follow up period are required to establish this association.
objective : brain damage within the right middle cerebral artery ( mca ) territory is particularly disruptive to mediolateral postural stabilization.
methods : gait speed was assessed in @number@ subjects with right mca infarct , @number@ with left mca infarct , and @number@ controls.
bilateral plantar pressure and temporal symmetry ratios were calculated in a subset of the cohort.
results : right and left infarct groups had similar poststroke duration ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) , infarct size , and functional independence.
the right infarct group demonstrated slower gait speed and greater asymmetry compared to the left infarct group and controls ( p < @number@ ) .
for these individuals , larger gm volumes within regions outside of the infarcted vascular territory may help preserve locomotor control.
introduction : non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is related to unhealthy habits , mainly to unfavorable dietary profiles.
mthfr gene encodes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase , a regulatory enzyme whose polymorphisms are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
among polymorphisms , c677t , a thermolabile form , but not a1298c , thermostable , was associated with fatty liver and insulin resistance.
insulin resistance was assessed by homa-ir , nafld by ultrasound brigh-liver-score ( bls ) .
results : mthfr subgroups ( wild and a1298c single polymorphism ) were not different for age , gender , dietary profile and bmi.
conclusions : mthfr1298ac gene heterozygous polymorphisms can be weakly predictive for nafld severity.
purpose : survivors of childhood cancer are at an increased risk of developing subsequent neoplasms.
methods : to investigate neurocognitive outcomes , @number@ survivors of childhood cancer underwent unenhanced screening mri of the brain.
mri examinations were reviewed and systematically coded by a single neuroradiologist.
demographic and treatment characteristics were compared for survivors with and without subsequent neoplasms.
all neoplasms occurred after crt , except for a single vestibular schwannoma within the cervical radiation field in a hl survivor.
the prevalence of subsequent neoplasms after crt exposure was @number@ % ( @number@ of @number@ ) .
by noncontrast mri , intracranial neoplasms were most suggestive of meningiomas.
most patients presented with no specific , localizing neurological complaints.
in addition to the schwannoma , six tumors were resected based on results of mri screening , all of which were meningiomas on histologic review.
conclusion : unenhanced brain mri of long-term survivors of childhood cancer detected a substantial number of intracranial neoplasms.
screening for early detection of intracranial neoplasms among aging survivors of childhood cancer who received crt should be evaluated.
prospective studies of such screening are needed.
as society ages , aging medical problems such as organ damage or failure among senior citizens increases , raising the demand for organ repair technologies.
synthetic materials have been developed and applied in various parts of human body to meet the biomedical needs.
the development of the next generation of soft hydrogel biomaterials focuses on facile synthetic methods , efficacy of treatment , and tunable multi-functionalities for applications.
supramolecular 3d entities are highly attractive materials for biomedical application.
they are assembled by modules via various non-covalent bonds ( hydrogen bonds , p-p stacking and / or van der waals interactions ) .
biodegradable thermogels are a class of such supramolecular assembled materials.
their use as soft biomaterials and their related applications are described in this review.
with nonsurgical procedures , there have been new developments in achieving more significant aesthetic improvements with less downtime and less invasively.
the ephemeral effects of neurotoxins and fillers are well described for facial remodeling and rejuvenation.
less is known about their long-term effects on skin rejuvenation and neocollagenesis.
this article aims to review current available science and literature to support the use of these cosmetic procedures as lasting antiaging treatments.
radiofrequency ( rf ) and intense focused ultrasound ( ifus ) are increasingly used to address skin laxity of the face and neck.
both nonablative rf and ultrasound create a heat-induced tissue response that leads to collagen remodeling and other ultrastructural changes.
although these treatments are not meant to replace surgical procedures , patient satisfaction in the majority of studies has been consistently high.
this article discusses the various rf and ifus technologies currently in use and reviews pertinent clinical studies evaluating their efficacy and safety.
for many patients , sun damage , trauma , prior cutaneous carcinomas , and aging have created a less than optimal skin appearance.
there are currently multiple forms of ablative therapy to correct such concerns.
dermabrasion is a form of resurfacing that mechanically alters the skin at the level of the dermis , to promote collagen remodeling and re-epithelialization.
sebaceous glands and hair follicles are important in the regeneration process of the dermis.
dermabrasion can be taken down layer by layer to remove the proper level of skin , so that the desired effect is obtained.
this abrasion technique leads to clinically significant improvements in skin structure , quality , and appearance.
topical skin care regimens are a mainstay treatment for aging skin.
all patients seeking skin rejuvenation can benefit from this low-risk intervention.
this article reviews available nonprescription topical treatments for rejuvenation including moisturizers , antioxidants , retinols , and sunscreen.
current approaches to falls prevention mostly rely on secondary and tertiary prevention and target individuals at high risk of falls.
an alternative is primary prevention , in which all seniors are screened , referred as appropriate , and educated regarding falls risk.
we developed a non-randomized statewide trial , falls free pa , to assess its effectiveness in reducing falls incidence over @number@ months.
we assessed the quality of this non-randomized design by examining recruitment , follow-up across study groups , and comparability at baseline.
median follow-up , which involved standardized monthly assessment of falls , was @number@ months in all study groups.
at baseline , the groups did not differ in measures of health or falls risk factors.
however , rates of arterial recanalization vary widely , depending upon the clot burden , its location , and stroke subtype.
we evaluated the influence of age and cholesterol level of the blood clots on sonothrombolysis in an in vitro model.
to \ "age \ " the clots , serum was replaced by fresh blood periodically.
we increased the cholesterol content of the clots by adding cholesterin to the blood.
the clots were lysed by tpa and / or transcranial doppler ultrasound sonication for @number@ h.
sem demonstrated patterns of clot dissolution among various treatment modalities.
sonothrombolysis induced better clot lysis in fresh thrombi with high cholesterol levels.
background : micronutrients are associated with dementia and cognitive decline among older adults.
however , nutritional biomarkers of such decline have not been identified.
we attempted to identify nutritional biomarkers that were independent risk markers of cognitive decline in a population of older japanese.
results : during an average follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ adults ( @percent@ ) developed cognitive decline.
background : neonatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of death in newborn and permanent neurological disabilities in surviving children.
the underlying hypoxic-ischemic ( hi ) injury triggers an inflammatory response leading to neuronal damage.
here , we tested the hypothesis that high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin ( ivig ) could exert immunomodulatory effect in rat pups subjected to hi injury.
methods : hi injury was induced in 7-d-old pups by ligating the common carotid artery followed by exposure to @percent@ oxygen for @number@ h.
brain infarction was evaluated by imaging stained coronal brain sections.
neurological deficits were assessed in weeks @number@ through @number@ after hi.
western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess complement fragment deposition in the brain tissue.
anatomical and functional improvements in ivig-treated pups correlated with decreased deposition of c3b complement fragments in the injured brain hemisphere.
this study was carried out to determine whether vitamin d and calcium supplementation altered serum sclerostin levels in healthy older adults.
method : serum sclerostin levels were measured using the mesoscale discovery chemiluminescence assay.
in the women , there was no significant group difference in change in serum sclerostin levels either before or after the above-mentioned adjustments.
in both the sexes , vitamin d and calcium supplementation significantly increased serum ionized calcium levels and decreased parathyroid hormone levels.
conclusion : men and women appear to have different serum sclerostin responses to vitamin d and calcium supplementation.
the reason for this difference remains to be determined.
to define the retinal phenotype of subjects with familial dysautonomia ( fd ) .
the study was developed at the dysautonomia center , new york university medical center.
all subjects underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( oct ) and full neuro-ophthalmic examinations.
in a subset of affected subjects , visual evoked potentials and microperimetry were also obtained.
we compared the retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thickness from oct between the three groups.
asymptomatic carriers of the fd gene mutation all had thinner rnfl ( @number@ % globally , p < @number@ ) .
this raises the possibility that reduced ikap levels may affect mitochondrial proteins and their function in the nervous system , particularly in the retina.
existing reports on the frequencies of neurodegenerative diseases are typically based on clinical diagnoses.
we sought to determine these frequencies in a prospectively assessed , community-based autopsy series.
included subjects had normal cognitive and movement disorder assessments at study entry.
at autopsy , clinicopathological diagnoses were made in @number@ cases ( @percent@ ) .
the diagnoses were not mutually exclusive.
in @number@ a new recessive cohesinopathy disorder , designated warsaw breakage syndrome ( wabs ) , was described.
the individual with wabs displayed microcephaly , pre- and postnatal growth retardation , and abnormal skin pigmentation.
cytogenetic analysis revealed mitomycin c ( mmc ) -induced chromosomal breakage ; however , an additional sister chromatid cohesion defect was also observed.
significantly , the clinically relevant mutations perturbed chlr1 dna unwinding activity.
in addition to its genetic importance in human disease , chlr1 is implicated in papillomavirus genome maintenance and cancer.
introduction : population aging translates into more people with chronic non-communicable diseases , disability , frailty and dependency.
dependent variables were frailty , dependency and mortality.
criteria for frailty were slow walking speed , exhaustion , weight loss , low physical activity and cognitive decline.
prevalence and frailty risk were estimated by poisson regression , while dependency and mortality risks and their predictors were determined using cox regression.
male sex , higher educational level , married or partnered status , and more household amenities were inversely associated with frailty prevalence.
in followup , dependency incidence was @number@ per @number@ person-years ( ci @date@ @number@ ) and mortality was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
this should include greater social protection , age-appropriate health services , and modification and control of cardiovascular risk factors.
conclusions : physical , psychological and literacy issues pertaining to both patients and providers present barriers to effective communication.
practitioners can surmount these barriers by enacting communication strategies tailored to older adults.
practical implications.
knee pain is commonly seen in orthopedic and rehabilitation outpatient clinical settings , and in the aging population.
out of all the bursae surrounding the knee joint , supra-patellar bursitis is most often associated with knee pain.
treatment strategies in managing supra-patellar bursitis include the aspiration of joint synovial fluid and then followed by steroid injection into the bursa.
when supra-patellar bursitis is caused by degenerative disorders , the concept of viscosupplementation treatment may be effective by injecting hyaluronic acid into the bursa.
a total of @number@ patients were divided into two groups with @number@ patients in each group.
significant decreases in the synovial fluid total protein concentrations were observed after the second dosage of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injections.
the decreases in apolipoprotein a-i and interleukin @number@ beta protein band densities were significant in the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection group.
transthyretin , complement @number@ and matrilin @number@ proteins revealed a trend of increasing western immunoblotting band densities after hyaluronic acid injections.
transthyretin revealed significant increases in protein band densities in both the high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection groups.
centenarians are rare and exceptional individuals characterized by a peculiar phenotype.
they are the best example of healthy aging in humans as most of them have escaped or substantially delayed the onset of major age-related diseases.
within this scenario , the purpose of the present work was to understand if immune status is associated with survival and health status in centenarians.
to this aim , @number@ centenarians were concomitantly characterized for their immunological , health and functional status , and followed-up for five-year survival.
hyperglycemia in diabetes results in the glycation of long-lived proteins.
however , the high cost of purified protein can be a limitation for many laboratories around the world.
the objective of this study was to develop a low-cost in vitro model of glycated gelatine as an alternative to the glycated collagen model.
we investigated the glycation of gelatine type a , a denatured form of collagen , which is low-cost and abundantly available.
in this study , gelatine was incubated for @number@ days with ribose or methylglyoxal ( mg ) .
cross-linking , autofluorescence and uv-vis spectrophotometry assays were performed and indicated a dose-dependent linear increase in cross-linking and autofluorescence of gelatine by ribose and mg.
mg produced more cross-linking compared to ribose at the same concentrations.
the uv-vis spectra of the glycated gelatines confirmed the presence of age fluorophores.
glycation dose dependently reduced hpdl attachment and cell spreading , indicating that the novel glycated gelatine substrate affects cell behaviour.
mindfulness-based stress reduction ( mbsr ) reduces symptoms of depression , anxiety , and fear of recurrence among breast cancer ( bc ) survivors.
in contrast , no between-group difference was observed for tl ( p = @number@ ) .
protein-energy homeostasis is a major determinant of healthy aging.
inadequate nutritional intakes and physical activity , together with endocrine disturbances are associated with of sarcopenia and frailty.
guidelines from scientific societies mainly address the quantitative aspects of protein and energy nutrition in elderly.
further issues relate to the identification of the genetics determinants of protein energy wasting in elderly.
diminished skeletal muscle performance with aging , disuse , and disease may be partially attributed to the loss of myofilament proteins.
these simulations also illustrate that the pattern of myosin loss along thick-filaments influences ensemble cross-bridge behavior and maintenance of force throughout the sarcomere.
alanine expansion mutations in poly ( a ) -binding protein nuclear @number@ ( pabpn1 ) cause muscle weakness in the late-onset disorder oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
pabpn1 protein accumulation is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system , which is highly dysregulated in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
we show that arih2 e3-ligase regulates pabpn1 protein accumulation and aggregation.
levels of arih2 mrna are regulated by pabpn1 via proximal polyadenylation site usage.
in vivo arih2 mrna levels significantly decrease from midlife in vastus lateralis muscles and highly correlate with muscle degeneration.
objectives : this study sought to identify nonredundant atrial fibrillation ( af ) genetic susceptibility signals and examine their cumulative relations with af risk.
background : af-associated loci span broad genomic regions that may contain multiple susceptibility signals.
whether multiple signals exist at af loci has not been systematically explored.
a multilocus score comprised @number@ genetic markers demonstrated an estimated 5-fold gradient in af risk.
we observed a similar spectrum of risk associated with these markers in japanese.
conclusions : the chromosome 4q25 af locus is architecturally complex and harbors at least @number@ af susceptibility signals in individuals of european ancestry.
similar polygenic af susceptibility exists between europeans and japanese.
consumer behavior differs among individuals ; one such common individual difference is financial extravagance.
recent research suggests that the activation of the caudate nucleus plays an important role in consumer behavior.
however , to the best of our knowledge , no study has investigated the specific relationship between the caudate nucleus and consumer financial extravagance.
our measure of financial extravagance was based on the novelty seeking subscales of the japanese version of the temperament and character inventory.
a significant positive correlation was found between the obtained financial extravagance score and regional gray matter volume in the caudate nucleus.
we found that structural variations in the caudate nucleus contributed to individual differences in financial extravagance.
this finding may provide a new neuroscientific approach to understanding individual characteristics of consumers.
mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their proper function is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are two pathways that regulate mitochondrial content and metabolism preserving homeostasis.
interestingly , imbalance between mitochondrial proliferation and degradation process results in progressive development of numerous pathologic conditions.
objective : china is experiencing a rapid increase in cancer incidence in elderly patients.
in order to better understand this group , a large study of patients from multiple tertiary centers in the beijing area was designed.
this study was designed to provide insight into their unique treatment preferences , including the use of traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) .
materials and methods : @number@ patients from nine hospitals in the beijing area were enrolled into this study.
the inclusion criteria were patients who were @number@ years or older and had a diagnosis of cancer at any stage.
the cga questionnaire used with these patients included the chinese translation of the gero-oncology health and quality of life assessment tool.
the questionnaire was provided to patients by a research nurse and was administered in mandarin.
results : the mean age of the patients was @number@ years ( range 65-94 ) .
the patients were mainly male ( @percent@ ) and of han ethnicity ( @percent@ ) .
about @percent@ of these patients also had concurrent tcm in addition to their other cancer treatments.
about @percent@ were able to manage their activities of daily living without assistance.
patients on tcm were more likely to have higher number of co-morbidities compared to their counterparts.
conclusion : this is the largest prospective study of cga assessments done on elderly patients with cancer in asia.
the study demonstrates that cga provides insights into understanding the needs of elderly chinese patients with cancer.
tcm is used frequently in china , and its impact on quality of life needs further investigation.
we describe the bacterial taxa present in different locations of the gi tract , and their specific metabolic features.
the distinct features of these specific microbial communities might affect human health and disease.
several bacterial taxa and metabolic modules ( biochemical functions ) have been associated with human health and the absence of disease.
core features of the healthy microbiome might be defined and targeted to prevent disease and optimize human health.
neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogen compounds ( found in soy ) have been demonstrated in animal research and cell culture studies.
in particular , phytoestrogens have been shown to reduce alzheimer's disease ( ad ) related pathology , potentially alleviating risk of ad progression.
in addition to their antioxidant properties , soy products also have the ability to affect cognition via interaction with estrogen receptors.
however , observational studies and randomised controlled trials in humans have resulted in inconclusive findings within this domain.
there are several possible reasons for these discrepant data.
studies which report no effect of phytoestrogens on cognition have mainly been carried out in european cohorts , with an average low dietary consumption.
limited data provide evidence that effects of phytoestrogens on cognition may be modified by dosage , duration of consumption and cognitive test used.
additionally , characteristics of the study population including age , gender , ethnicity and menopausal status appear to be mediating variables.
phytoestrogen treatment interventions have also shown time-limited positive effects on cognition.
well controlled , large scale studies are needed to assess the effects of phytoestrogens on the aging brain and provide further understanding of this association.
previous research has found that as a marker of childhood circumstances , height is correlated with cognitive functioning at older ages.
a @number@ cm increase in height is associated with a @number@ standard deviation increase in a summary cognitive score ( mean @number@ std. dev.
@number@ ) .
a @percent@ increase in the infant mortality rate is associated with a @number@ standard deviation decrease in the summary cognitive score.
we also find some evidence that height serves as a protective factor against age related deterioration in cognitive functioning.
background : one of the hallmarks of haptic exploration is that it typically involves movement between skin and object.
explored objects may contact multiple digits simultaneously so information about motion must be integrated across digits , a process about which little is known.
each degree of freedom is controlled by a single motor.
the compact design of the simulator allows for the side-by-side arrangement of the stimulator units such that they impinge upon adjacent fingers.
conclusion : the novel motion stimulator will be an invaluable tool to investigate how motion information is integrated across multiple digits.
the use of dietary intervention has evolved into a promising approach to prevent the onset and progression of brain diseases.
promising results are found regarding to the protection of proper brain circulation , structure and functionality in healthy and diseased humans and animal models.
contrary , studies investigating diets high in saturated fats provide opposite results , which may eventually lead to irreversible damage.
these findings suggest a new molecular process underlying the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a senile dementia with increased incidence in older subjects ( age > 65 years ) .
one of the earliest markers of ad is oxidative dna damage.
recently , it has been reported that preclinical ad patient brains show elevated levels of oxidative damage in both nuclear and mitochondrial nucleic acids.
moreover , different oxidative lesions in mitochondrial dna are between 5- and 10-fold higher than in nuclear dna in both control and ad postmortem brains.
however , comprehensive analysis of specific steps in ber levels in mitochondrial extracts of ad patient brains is not available.
in this study , we mainly investigated various components of ber in mitochondrial extracts of ad and matched control postmortem brain samples.
low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are related to cognitive decline and dementia , in a complex interplay with vascular factors and aging.
we investigated , in an older population , low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in relation to detailed assessment of cognitive functioning.
furthermore , we explored this association within the context of vascular factors.
@number@ participants ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) of the population-based hoorn study were included.
in 2005-2008 , all participants underwent neuropsychological examination.
the association between low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction , and cognitive functioning was evaluated with linear regression analysis.
in secondary analyses , we explored the relation with vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease.
no significant relation with other cognitive domains was observed.
adjusting for vascular factors slightly attenuated the associations.
low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction accounted for only @percent@ explained variance in cognitive functioning , on top of related vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease.
bootstrapping analyses show that low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction mediate the relation between vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning.
this study shows that low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to reduced information processing speed and executive functioning in an older population.
objectives : to evaluate the behavioral and functional impact of excitatory tms in a group of healthy elders.
furthermore , we found a task-dependent change in connectivity during the encoding task between cerebellum-occipital areas and the tms-targeted left inferior frontal region.
this connectivity change correlated with the tms effects over brain networks.
these findings reveal fundamental insights into brain network dynamics in aging and the capacity to probe them with combined behavioral and stimulation approaches.
the critical impact that microbiota have on health and disease makes the interaction between host and microbiome increasingly important as we evaluate therapeutics.
rare diseases are powerful windows into biological processes and can serve as models for the development of therapeutic strategies.
the progress made on the premature aging disorder progeria is a shining example of the impact that studies of rare diseases can have.
two recent studies identify how sex-specific pheromonal factors in flies and worms alter lifespan through metabolic pathways that are shared with mammals.
sex differences in human lifespans imply nonautonomous effects modulated by sex-specific gene-environment interactions that could still include pheromonal mechanisms.
knowledge of deciduous crown formation times is useful in forensic anthropology and when aging juvenile remains from an archaeological context.
we present here new data for deciduous crown formation times based on these regression equations.
in the second part of this study these regression formulae were applied blind to teeth from two individuals with known medical histories.
longevity , supported by the progress and availability of medical care to the population , has been unveiling this phenomenon during recent decades.
from this point of view , ageing represents the main risk for cancer acquisition.
cma proteolytic activity has a reciprocal relationship with macroautophagy : cma is most active in cells in which macroautophagy is least active.
normal renal proximal tubular cells have low levels of macroautophagy , but high basal levels of cma activity.
cma activity is regulated by starvation , growth factors , oxidative stress , lipids , aging , and retinoic acid signaling.
the physiological consequences of changes in cma activity depend on the substrate proteins present in a given cell type.
in the proximal tubule , increased cma results from protein or calorie starvation and from oxidative stress.
overactivity of cma can be associated with tubular lysosomal pathology and certain cancers.
reduced cma activity contributes to protein accumulation in renal tubular hypertrophy , but may contribute to oxidative tissue damage in diabetes and aging.
podocyte injury and loss owing to genetic , toxic , immunologic , or metabolic insults underlie the most common glomerular diseases.
thus , the understanding of the factors and mechanisms that help to maintain podocytes are of major clinical importance.
recently , autophagy emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate unwanted cytoplasmic materials , thereby preventing cellular damage and stress to safeguard long-lived podocytes.
here , we highlight the accumulating evidence suggesting that autophagy plays a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes during glomerular disease and aging.
objective : to assess overall knowledge , attitudes , and practices related to conception and fertility among reproductive-age women in the united states.
design : online survey of a cross-sectional sample of @number@ women.
setting : united states , @date@ .
patient ( s ) : women aged 18-40 years.
intervention ( s ) : none.
main outcome measure ( s ) : knowledge , attitudes , and practices regarding selected topics in reproductive health.
result ( s ) : forty percent of women across all age groups expressed concerns about their ability to conceive.
approximately @percent@ were unfamiliar with the ovulatory cycle.
conclusion ( s ) : knowledge regarding ovulation , fertility , and conception is limited among this sample of reproductive-age us women.
future initiatives should prioritize improved provider engagement and accurate information dissemination in web-based venues.
with global aging population , age-related cognitive decline becomes epidemic.
lifestyle-related factor is one of the key preventative measures.
dietary pattern analysis which considers dietary complexity has recently used to examine the linkage between nutrition and cognitive function.
a priori approach defines dietary pattern based on existing knowledge.
results of several dietary pattern scores were summarized.
the heterogeneity of assessment methods and outcome measurements lead to inconsistent results.
posteriori approach derives a dietary pattern independently of the existing nutrition-disease knowledge.
large-scale prospective studies in multiethics population are required to provide stronger evidence in the future.
preserving or restoring adequate nutritional status is a key factor to delay the onset of chronic diseases and to accelerate recovery from acute illnesses.
sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
international study groups have recently proposed separate definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.
the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is complex and multifactorial.
consequently , its treatment should target the different factors involved , including quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate food intake and reduced physical activity.
this review discusses the processes of dna-damage-response and dna-damage repair in stem and progenitor cells of several tissues.
each of these biological events depends on the up-regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21.
a deeper understanding of these processes is required before these findings can be translated into human anti-aging and anti-cancer therapies.
is this effect dependent on p21s ability to inhibit p53 ?
such molecular knowledge may pave the way to methods for maintaining short-term tissue reconstitution while retaining long-term cellular and genomic integrity.
critical illness can impose immobility in older patients , resulting in loss of strength and functional ability.
early mobilization reduces the impact of immobility and improves outcomes for older patients.
nurses can lead in improving the mobilization of older critical care patients , thus reducing clinical risk in this vulnerable population.
renal issues are among the most commonly encountered complications in the intensive care unit , increasing mortality , morbidity , and health care costs.
this article elicits why critical care nurses need to become aware of the pulmonary issues of older adults.
the population of older adults is increasing.
older adults undergo anatomic and physiologic changes of the protective mechanisms of the pulmonary system.
these changes alter the rate and effort of breathing.
speech is slowed because of expiratory strength effort.
cognition changes may be the only indication of impaired oxygenation.
bedside nursing care provides protection from pulmonary complications.
health behaviors of smoking cessation , oral hygiene , and exercise promote pulmonary health even in older adults.
this article discusses selected cardiovascular conditions that nurses encounter when caring for elders hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
the implications for nursing care of critically ill elders who have these conditions are also discussed.
aging physiology greatly impacts care delivery in the geriatric patient population.
consideration should be given to addressing the patient-specific needs regarding the systemic changes seen in the aging patient.
this article summarizes these changes and provides key points for the practitioner to consider when caring for the aging patient in the critical care arena.
the aging of the u.s. population continues to highlight emerging issues in providing care generally for older adults and specifically for older adults with cancer.
yet , the ways to develop and integrate best geriatrics training within the context of hematology / oncology fellowship remain unclear.
toward this end , the current study seeks to evaluate the prior and current geriatric experiences and perspectives of hematology / oncology fellows.
to gain insight into these experiences , focus groups of hematology / oncology fellows were conducted.
the present findings will help guide future studies in evaluating geriatrics among hematology / oncology fellows across institutions.
they will also have implications in the development of geriatrics curricula and competencies specific to hematology / oncology training.
memory is central to our ability to perform daily life activities and correctly function in society.
finally , we discuss schizophrenia and look into abnormalities in circuit function and neurotransmitter systems that contribute to memory impairment in this illness.
the aggregation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptides plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of alzheimer's disease.
monomeric form of aβ , indeed , could exert a physiological role.
considering the anti-oligomerization property of all-trans retinoic acid ( atra ) , the involvement of monomeric aβ1-42 in atra-induced neuronal differentiation has been investigated.
four-day atra treatment increases β-secretase @number@ ( bace1 ) level , aβ1-42 production , and receptor for advanced glycation end-products ( rage ) expression.
the block of rage completely prevents this effect.
in conclusion , our findings identify a novel physiological role for monomeric aβ1-42 and rage in neuronal differentiation.
urinary tract infection ( uti ) is a commonly diagnosed infection in older adults.
this article summarizes the recent literature and guidelines on the diagnosis and management of uti and asb in older adults.
background : projections of the national burden of cancer play a key role in planning cancer control programmes and investments.
we present projections of cancer incidence rates and cases for the period up to 2015-2019 in switzerland.
methods : projections were based on cancer incidence data estimated from cancer registries for the 1989-2009 periods and demographic projections of the federal statistical office.
age-specific incidence rates were modelled as a function of age , period-birth cohort using nordpred.
results : up to @number@ the incidence of all cancers combined is expected to decrease slightly for both sexes.
nevertheless , the overall number of cases is predicted to increase.
the number of male cancer cases will increase by @percent@ , from @number@ in 2005-2009 to 25910 / year in 2015-2019.
for females the number will increase by @percent@ , from @number@ to 20359 / year in 2015-2019.
changes in the population size and structure will be responsible for most of the increase.
prostate cancer will contribute with @number@ cases , colorectal cancer with @number@ and lung cancer with @number@
the overall annual cancer burden predicted for 2015-19 is of @number@ new cases in switzerland.
conclusions : substantial investments appear to be needed in switzerland cancer services to meet and fill absolute increased demand driven by aging population.
methods : this cross-sectional study included @number@ elderly women , who were @number@ years old or above , in campinas-sp , brazil.
to identify the factors associated with mobility , we used the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
the level of significance for statistical tests was p < @number@
the results of the multivariate analysis showed that age ( p = @number@ or = @number@ ) was associated with worse performance on gait speed.
in this study , the main and interactive effects of obesity and age on functional performance were assessed during intermittent exertions involving the upper extremity.
obesity and aging can modify job demands and affect worker capacity in terms of muscular and psychomotor function.
measures of functional performance including endurance , discomfort , motor control , and task performance were recorded for each of the task conditions.
obesity also impaired functional performance , as indicated by higher rates of strength loss , increases in discomfort , and declines in task performance.
these observed impairments may reflect underlying physiological differences among individuals who are obese , but that are independent of age.
obesity-related impairments may have implications for the design of work duration and demand level to prevent fatigue development for workers who are obese.
the prevalence of neurological disorders and signs was assessed by physical examination and medical interview.
the basic and instrumental activities of daily living were assessed ( adl , iadl ) .
we assessed the association of neurological disorders and signs with everyday functioning and prospectively analyzed their relationship with mortality.
results : we observed considerably impaired functioning for cases with stroke , tia , pd , and mild motor parkinsonian signs ( mmps ) .
these findings have potential clinical relevance for screening and early detection of individuals at risk.
atomic force microscopy revealed that pdi works as a placeholder to prevent early non-native disulfide bond formation and further misfolding.
s-nitrosylation of the active site of pdi inhibits the pdi activity and links protein misfolding to neurodegenerative diseases like alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases.
critical issues : electron transfer pathways of the oxidative protein folding show conserved trx-like thiol-disulfide chemistry.
overall , mammalian cells have a large number of disulfide-containing proteins , the folding of which involves non-native disulfide bond isomerization.
the process is sensitive to oxidative stress and er stress.
twenty-one women were interviewed regarding their caregiving experiences for ill or dying ex-husbands.
emergent in the analyses was the variety of ways in which they experienced role ambiguity as ex-wife caregivers.
this study explored the differential impacts of stressors and coping resources on the functioning and roles of @number@ older korean immigrant men and women.
disempowering stereotypes plague public perceptions of older women's bodies , particularly within western contemporary societies.
consequently , as women age , their bodies often become sources of shame , discomfort , and ridicule.
belly dance , as a form of recreative leisure , provides a unique and somewhat unexpected space for women to subvert such perceptions.
the aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of gender on relations among social support functions and life satisfaction in older malaysians.
the study sample was @number@ older residents in a community ; all were at least @number@ years old.
this study was a cross-sectional and corelational survey , and the data were collected by multistage stratified sampling.
this study revealed that fewer social support functions , and therefore less life satisfaction , were available for females than for males.
the results of moderated regression analyses demonstrated that gender interacted only on the relationship between positive social interaction support and tangible support with life satisfaction.
specifically , at a high tangible support level , females had lower life satisfaction when compared to a low tangible support level.
caring for someone with dementia can be demanding , particularly for spouses living with the care recipient.
the results of this study support research demonstrating a difference between the caregiving experiences of women and men.
it is becoming increasingly apparent that female gender is a marker that places them at increased risk of high burden and less support.
background : insulin is an important osteotropic hormone but may be negatively associated with bone mass after adjustment for body mass index in adolescent populations.
however , the association between insulin and bone mass in adults remains unclear.
setting : the setting for the study was the korean and us population.
participants : a total of @number@ knhanes and @number@ nhanes participants were included.
however , this association was seen only in men in the us subjects.
context : measurement of igf-binding protein-3 ( igfbp-3 ) can aid the diagnosis of gh-related diseases.
furthermore , epidemiological studies suggest that igfbp-3 and the molar igf-i to igfbp-3 ratio are associated with clinical end points like cancer or cardiovascular disease.
however , their clinical use is limited by the lack of validated reference intervals.
setting : this was a multicenter study with samples from @number@ cohorts from the united states , canada , and europe.
participants : a total of @number@ @number@ healthy subjects covering all ages from birth to senescence participated in the study.
main outcome measures : concentrations of igfbp-3 and the igf-i to igfbp-3 ratio as determined by the ids isys igf-i and igfbp-3 assays were measured.
results : both the concentration of igfbp-3 and the igf-i to igfbp-3 ratio are mainly determined by age.
igfbp-3 concentrations increase until the age of @number@ years , with a plateau being visible between @number@ and @number@ years.
however , this is not only a financial issue.
it is also of interest to investigate factors related to health and quality of life associated with the age of retirement.
methods : baseline and follow-up data on @number@ participants of the swedish national study on aging and care - blekinge was used.
mood was measured by the montgomery-åsberg depression scale and activity level by @number@ survey items.
cognition was measured by the mini mental state examination.
six years later , at the age of @number@ a decline in their cognition was found.
retirees were still not more depressed but less active.
conclusions : participants who retired before the age of @number@ declined in cognitive ability over the 6-year study period.
objectives : the population-level incidence of vocal fold paralysis after thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( wdtc ) is not known.
study design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : us population.
subjects and methods : subjects were medicare beneficiaries.
seer-medicare data ( 1991-2009 ) were used to identify beneficiaries who underwent total thyroidectomy for wdtc.
incident vocal fold paralyses and directed interventions were identified.
multivariate analyses were used to determine factors associated with odds of developing these surgical complications.
rate of paralyses decreased @percent@ annually from @number@ to @number@ ( odds ratio @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.93-0.97 ; p < @number@ ) .
overall , @percent@ of patients with vocal fold paralysis required surgical intervention ( uvfp @percent@ , bvfp @percent@ ) .
conclusion : annual rates of postthyroidectomy vocal fold paralyses are decreasing among medicare beneficiaries with wdtc.
further population-based studies are needed to refine the population incidence and risk factors for paralyses in the aging population.
objective : to estimate the global burden of neck pain.
systematic reviews were performed of the prevalence , incidence , remission , duration and mortality risk of neck pain.
four levels of severity were identified for neck pain with and without arm pain , each with their own disability weights.
a bayesian meta-regression method was used to pool prevalence and derive missing age / sex / region / year values.
ylds have the same value as disability-adjusted life years as there is no evidence of mortality associated with neck pain.
results : the global point prevalence of neck pain was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : neck pain is a common condition that causes substantial disability.
muscle represents an abundant , accessible , and replenishable source of adult stem cells.
skeletal muscle-derived stem cells , called satellite cells , play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury in adult skeletal muscle.
the effect of wnt signaling on the activation of satellite cells , rather than wnt-mediated fibrosis , was observed in both adult and aged mice.
these results indicate that exercise-stimulated extracellular wnts play a critical role in the regulation of satellite cells in adult and aged skeletal muscle.
the study of postnatal skeletal repair is of immense clinical interest.
optimal repair of skeletal tissue is necessary in all varieties of elective and reparative orthopedic surgical treatments.
in the first part of this introduction the basic biology of fracture healing is presented.
this review focuses on these systems and approaches.
these morphological changes of the disc are linked to alterations of the spine flexibility.
methods : narrative literature review.
despite some disagreement in the findings , a trend toward spinal stiffening with the increasing degeneration was observed in most studies.
tests about tears and fissures showed inconsistent results , as well as for disc collapse and dehydration.
vertebral osteophytes were found to be effective in stabilizing the spine in bending motions.
a trend toward spinal stiffening with the increasing degeneration has been observed in most studies.
background : a high prevalence of obesity has been increasingly recognized in survivors of pediatric all.
however , longitudinal patterns of weight change during and after treatment , and associated factors , are less well elucidated.
results : at diagnosis , @percent@ were overweight ( bmi = 85-94.9th percentile ) or obese ( bmi ≥ 95th percentile ) .
at the end of treatment and @number@ years post-treatment , approximately @percent@ were overweight or obese.
weight gain during treatment was associated with being overweight / obese @number@ years post-treatment ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci : @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusion : children with all are at risk of becoming overweight / obese early in treatment.
increases in weight are maintained throughout treatment and beyond.
the importance of the early environment on long-term heath and life span is well documented.
however , the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects remain poorly understood.
in the current study , we used microarray analysis to identify hepatic genes that changed with age.
this increase was exaggerated ∼3-fold in recuperated offspring.
these demonstrated increased hepatic lipid accumulation , higher levels of transcription factors important in lipid regulation , and greater oxidative stress.
in vitro analysis revealed that cidea expression was regulated by oxidative stress and dna methylation.
these findings suggest that maternal diet modulates the age-associated changes in cidea expression through several mechanisms.
purpose : to report the method and results of 18-point abobotulinum toxin a ( abo-bta , dysport ) upper face rejuvenation on @number@ subjects.
excluded were subjects with facial spastic disorders , injection after upper face lifting , and aberrant regeneration of facial nerves.
they were revisited in @number@ to @number@ days for assessment of the effects and possible touch-up injection.
demographics , year of injection , topical anesthetic usage , touch-up injection , and adverse effects ( ae ) were recorded.
results : there were @number@ subjects ( @percent@ women ) whose age was below @number@ in @percent@.
all but @number@ ( @percent@ ) were happy with the touch-up visit , @number@ to @number@ days after injection.
touch-up injection was performed in @percent@ of subjects mainly for the eyebrow asymmetry.
they were significantly more in the first years of experience , subjects younger than @number@ and who had touch-up injections.
caffeine has been reported to produce many beneficial effects for health.
exercise is considered to be a safe medicine to attenuate inflammation and cellular senescence.
the effects of swimming exercise and caffeine on oxidative stress in muscle and liver of middle-aged rats were also investigated.
swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation increased the ratio of reduced glutathione / oxidized glutathione in the rat liver and gastrocnemius muscle.
hepatic and renal markers of damage were not modified.
with the rapid aging of the oldest old , it is inevitable that nurse practitioners will encounter frail patients across care settings.
endothelial dysfunction and impaired autophagic activity have a crucial role in aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
therefore , we have evaluated the role of mir-216a as a molecular component involved in the loss of autophagic function during endothelial aging.
luciferase experiments indicated becn1 , but not atg5 as a direct target of mir-216a.
moreover , mir-216a stimulated ox-ldl accumulation and monocyte adhesion in huvecs.
conversely , inhibition of mir-216a in old huvecs rescued the ability to induce a protective autophagy in response to ox-ldl stimulus.
importance advanced glycation end products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
objective to investigate the relationship between serum carboxymethyllysine ( cml ) , a major circulating advanced glycation end product , and amd in older adults.
exposures serum cml and risk factors for amd.
results of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had early amd and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had late amd.
conclusions and relevance higher serum cml concentration had no significant cross-sectional association with prevalent amd in this large population-based cohort of older adults in iceland.
however , the anticancer activity of ca on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
in this study , we investigated the effects of ca on cell viability and apoptosis in hct116 human colon cancer cells.
ca dose-dependently inhibited the viability of hct116 cells.
although several benefits have been attributed to mms usage , there are likewise risks of use , including injuries and even deaths.
inclusion criteria included : aging adults or those with ambulatory problems , intervention or targeted training , and clinical trial.
outcomes included : mms skills / performance.
results : six articles met the inclusion criteria and are analyzed in this review.
conclusions : results from the current review showed improved driving skills / performance by training , infrastructural assessments , and incorporating mobility assistance tools.
methods : we applied our approach in an epidemiological study and scaled the composite to a nationally representative sample of older adults.
criterion validity was evaluated against standard clinical diagnoses.
convergent validity was evaluated against the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
it demonstrated minimal floor and ceiling effects , which is an improvement over most individual cognitive tests.
conclusions : the cognitive composite is a highly reliable measure , with minimal floor and ceiling effects.
we calibrated it using a nationally representative sample of adults over the age of @number@ in the usa and established diagnostically relevant cutoff points.
our methods can be used to harmonize neuropsychological test results across diverse settings and studies.
background : spermidine , a naturally occurring polyamine , has recently emerged as exhibiting anti-aging properties.
its supplementation increases lifespan and resistance to stress , and decreases the occurrence of age-related pathology and loss of locomotor ability.
its mechanisms of action are just beginning to be understood.
objectives : an up-to-date overview of the so far identified mechanisms of action of spermidine and other polyamines on aging is presented.
results : autophagy is the main mechanism of action of spermidine at the molecular level.
it is suggested that the main pathway used by spermidine to trigger its effects is the mapk pathway.
conclusions : given that polyamines can interact with many molecules , it is not surprising that they affect aging via several mechanisms.
methods : we analysed simple sentences spoken by older adults with and without ad.
spectrographic analysis of temporal and acoustic characteristics was carried out using the praat software.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) has been suggested as a term for a boundary area between normal aging and dementia.
this study was designed to determine the prevalence of mci in the elderly in the hebei province , china , and explore its related factors.
methods : participants included @number@ community-dwelling people aged @number@ years or older who resided in the four major cities of the hebei province.
in stage @number@ of the study , the mini-mental state examination and the montreal cognitive assessment were administered for screening purposes.
in stage @number@ the subjects who screened positive were further examined by neurologists.
the diagnosis of mci was made according to petersen's criteria.
results : the estimated prevalence of mci was @percent@.
conclusions : our findings show a high prevalence of mci in the elderly urban population in the hebei province.
gender , education level , and economic status may have an important role in the etiology of mci.
c2c12 myoblasts were used as model to assess the impact of lymphocyte conditioned media ( cm ) following anti-cd3 / il-2 activation.
purpose : to evaluate the effects of aging on hand function among patients with tetraplegia who had forearm tendon transfer surgery between @number@ and @number@
methods : the study used a longitudinal cohort design that compared hand function outcomes in @number@ with those obtained @number@ years earlier.
the study also evaluated changes in participant's employment status , wheelchair use , and subjective changes in function using the lamb and chan questionnaire.
since @number@ people with active transfers either maintained strength or experienced decreased strength of @percent@ to @percent@.
thumb tenodesis power decreased @percent@ to @percent@ , whereas finger tenodeses power increased @percent@ to @percent@.
these were performing a pressure relief and propelling a manual wheelchair on level ground and up a ramp.
close to half of the participants ( @percent@ ) were employed compared with the @percent@ in @number@
conclusions : tendon transfers continued to provide pinch and grip function for individuals with tetraplegia for many years following spinal cord injury.
the decrease in strength of those with active transfers over the 11-year period was within the reported aging loss for the normal population.
the small number of participants with tenodesis , however , limited our ability to draw meaningful conclusions for this group.
type of study / level of evidence : prognostic iii.
background : old age carries a markedly increased risk of osteoporotic fractures with subsequent disability , dependency and premature death.
timely detection and treatment reduces fracture risk and particular attention should be drawn to age.
objective : to assess the impact of age on referral for osteoporosis screening.
setting and methods : dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) at the osteoporosis clinic in north denmark was reorganised from @number@
risk factors , anthropometry and bone mineral density were recorded and considered in the reply and recommendations to the referring doctor.
we report data from the @number@ consecutive evaluations in @number@ individuals at the osteoporosis clinic from @date@ through @date@ .
results : risk factor data were available in > 96% and dxa in @percent@.
population dxa frequency decreased markedly after the 7th decade and was performed yearly in @percent@ of the population aged > 80 years in north denmark.
osteoporosis is a disease of aging , but it is apparently not recognised as such.
this is likely to cause undertreatment among the old.
objective : to evaluate the type and frequency of self-mutilation lesions of the mouth and lips in a large group of institutionalized mentally retarded subjects.
moreover , the drug therapy taken by each patient was carefully reviewed.
a possible effect of anti-epileptic or neuroleptic drugs was also detected.
ischemic brain injury in adults and neonates is a significant clinical problem with limited therapeutic interventions.
currently , clinicians have only tpa available for stroke treatment and hypothermia for cerebral palsy.
owing to the lack of treatment options , there is a need for novel treatments such as stem cell therapy.
various stem cells including cells from embryo , fetus , perinatal , and adult tissues have proved effective in preclinical and small clinical trials.
the combination of stem cell therapy and mannitol may improve therapeutic outcomes in adult stroke and neonatal cerebral palsy.
the study of the effect of aging on the functional neuroimaging of posture and gait has only recently been undertaken.
in this study , an mri-compatible force platform was developed to simulate active balance control.
an additional ankle df / pf exertion task was performed.
no areas were found to be more active during the ankle df / pf task when compared with the active balance simulation task.
accordingly , hypertrophic adipocytes become overburdened with lipids , resulting in changes in the secreted hormonal milieu.
lipids that cannot be stored in the engorged adipocytes become ectopically deposited in organs such as the liver , muscle , and pancreas.
wat remodeling therefore coincides with obesity and secondary metabolic diseases.
in this chapter , we describe a semiautomated method of quantitatively analyzing the histomorphometry of wat using common laboratory equipment.
in doing so , the method described herein is a useful tool for accurately quantifying wat development , growth , and remodeling.
the mir-15 / 107 family comprises a group of @number@ paralogous micrornas ( mirnas ) , sharing a @number@ agcagc sequence.
these mirnas have overlapping targets.
in addition to mature mirnas , we also examined the expression of precursors ( pri-mirnas ) .
our data suggested a generally poor correlation between the expression of mature mirnas and their precursors.
the smoking-related interstitial lung diseases ( ilds ) comprise several diseases that often coexist.
the degree to which these entities coexist and overlap is explored on high-resolution ct scans.
background : thromboxane synthase ( txs ) metabolizes prostaglandin h2 into thromboxanes , which are biologically active on cancer cells.
txs over-expression has been reported in a range of cancers , and associated with angiogenesis and poor outcome.
txs has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in nsclc.
this study examines a link between txs expression , angiogenesis , and survival in nsclc.
methods : txs and vegf metabolite levels were measured in nsclc serum samples ( n = 46 ) by eia.
txb2 levels were correlated with vegf.
a 204-patient tma was stained for txs , vegf , and cd-31 expression.
expression was correlated with a range of clinical parameters , including overall survival.
txs expression was correlated with vegf and cd-31.
results : serum txb2 levels were correlated with vegf ( p < 0.05 ) .
txs and vegf were expressed to a varying degree in nsclc tissue.
txs was associated with vegf ( p < 0.0001 ) and microvessel density ( cd-31 ; p < 0.05 ) .
txs and vegf expression levels were higher in adenocarcinoma ( p < 0.0001 ) and female patients ( p < 0.05 ) .
stable overexpression of txs increased vegf secretion in-vitro.
txs overexpression was also associated with higher levels of vegf , microvessel density , and reduced apoptosis in xenograft tumors.
conclusion : txs promotes tumor growth in-vivo in nsclc , an effect which is at least partly mediated through increased tumor angiogenesis.
methods : a pre-test-post-test randomized experimental design was conducted.
subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental group ( n = @number@ ) or a control group ( n = @number@ ) .
a leisure education program was used to serve as the intervention.
a day before this experiment was carried out , pre-test data were collected using leisure competence and stress scales.
thirty minutes after this experiment ended , post-test data were collected using the same scales.
these data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance.
conclusion : healthcare practitioners should adopt the provision of leisure education as a priority to facilitate leisure competence and reduce stress among older adults.
only a few of the numerous recommendations can be summarized here.
to diagnose mucormycosis , direct microscopy preferably using optical brighteners , histopathology and culture are strongly recommended.
pathogen identification to species level by molecular methods and susceptibility testing are strongly recommended to establish epidemiological knowledge.
the recommendation for guiding treatment based on mics is supported only marginally.
imaging is strongly recommended to determine the extent of disease.
amphotericin b deoxycholate is better avoided because of severe adverse effects.
for salvage treatment we strongly recommend posaconazole 4×200 mg / day.
we recommend against using deferasirox in haematological patients outside clinical trials , and marginally support a recommendation for deferasirox in diabetic patients.
hyperbaric oxygen is supported with marginal strength only.
finally , we strongly recommend continuing treatment until complete response demonstrated on imaging and permanent reversal of predisposing factors.
methods : the study included @number@ participants aged 63-97 years assessed four times over a six-year period.
simultaneous and lagged models were specified and estimated using structural equation modeling.
results : both simultaneous and lagged coefficients indicated that a high score on flexible goal adjustment significantly predicted subsequent levels of life satisfaction.
objectives : this longitudinal study investigates how activity restriction , perceived stress , and social support affect the relationship between functional disability and depressive symptoms.
method : this longitudinal study of a taiwan population analyzed a nationally representative sample of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years and over.
path analysis was used to assess interrelations among functional disability , activity restriction , perceived stress , social support , and depressive symptoms over time.
conclusion : the findings indicate that functional disability may contribute to subsequent depressive symptoms by reducing activities and social support.
decreased activities and social support increased perceptions of stress , which then increased depressive symptoms during the 8-year follow-up study.
objectives : suicide among the elderly is a dramatic global health problem.
although fatal attempts are frequent in the elderly , research indicated that they rarely present long-term elaboration of suicidal ideation and communicate their intents.
consequently , risk factor detection and assessment are salient.
although evidence on the association between personality and suicidal ideation in young adults is accumulating , little is known about its relevance in the elderly.
we postulated a specific relation pattern a priori and tested the hypotheses statistically in order to examine the models for equivalency of the factorial measurement.
results : multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted , yielding a final model with excellent fit to the data.
this model showed a similar pattern of associations between suicidal ideation and personality across both groups.
implications are provided for enhanced assessment and intervention of the elderly high in neuroticism , depression , hopelessness , and with negative self-other perception.
through a cognitive debriefing process , we assessed response processes validity-an initial stage of validity , necessary before more advanced validity assessment.
we created lists of questionnaire items containing problematic items plus items randomly selected from the pool of remaining items.
after participants completed the questionnaires , we conducted individual semi-structured cognitive interviews using verbal probing.
we asked participants to reflect on their answers for list items in detail.
participants ' answers were compared to concept maps defining the instrument concepts in detail.
if at least two participants gave answers not matching concept map definitions , items were revised and re-tested with new target group participants.
results : cognitive debriefings started with hcas.
all items were understood by participants after another two rounds.
we included revised hca act items in the questionnaires for the other provider groups.
only one cognitive debriefing round was needed with each of the other provider groups.
cognitive debriefing is an important step in research tool development and a vital component of establishing response process validity evidence.
publishing cognitive debriefing results helps researchers to determine potentially critical elements of the translated tools and assists with interpreting scores.
the dynamics of performance in professional sport requires a systematic improvement of the training process.
such activities should also include optimizing the children and youth training in these disciplines , where an early specialization operates.
video-based methods and video equipment are being applied to assist qualitative and simple quantitative analysis for immediate feedback and research in swimming.
methods : two hundred and twelve eyes of @number@ participants with no ocular pathology had ch and crf measured with the ora.
intraocular pressure ( iop ) was measured with the dynamic contour tonometer and central corneal thickness ( cct ) was also evaluated.
there was no significant association between cc and ch or crf.
here we explored the roles of lrp5 in interleukin 1β ( il-1β ) - or wnt-mediated osteoarthritic ( oa ) cartilage destruction in mice.
results : il-1β treatment increased the expression of lrp5 ( but not lrp6 ) via jnk and nf-κb signaling.
lrp5 was upregulated in human and mouse oa cartilage , and lrp5 deficiency in mice inhibited cartilage destruction.
treatment with il-1β or wnt decreased the level of col2a1 and increased those of mmp3 or mmp13 , whereas lrp5 knockdown ameliorated these effects.
in addition , we found that the functions of lrp5 in arthritic cartilage were subject to transcriptional activation by β-catenin.
purpose : to evaluate the mechanical strength and color stability of provisional restoration materials.
five samples were fabricated for each group ; therefore , a total of @number@ resin disks for each testing method was prepared.
the load at fracture and shear punch values of each specimen were recorded after 24-hour storage in distilled water.
the stress intensity factors ( k ( ic ) ) were calculated by the formula reported by atkinson et al.
values of each group in both tests were analyzed using one-way-anova and tukey multiple comparison test.
for color stability testing , provisional resin disk specimens of the above mentioned materials were fabricated.
color values of each group were measured using a spectrophotometer after @number@ hours and @number@ weeks of aging in the aforementioned solutions.
the color differences ( deltae ab ) between before and after aging were calculated by cie lab color-difference formula.
the interaction of deltae ab values were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance followed by newman-keuls multiple comparison test.
significant differences were observed among all test groups ( p < @number@ ) .
the lowest value was obtained by bafc ( @number@ ) .
barc showed a significantly higher mean value than the other groups ( p < @number@ ) .
pema and pmma demonstrated better color stability than the two bis-acrylic resin composites.
wine and curry showed higher stainability than water , recording higher deltae ab values than the clinically perceptible difference level of deltae ab @number@
the surface coating agent groups demonstrated more staining than the non-coated groups.
all groups , except for barc , demonstrated significant differences dependent upon surface coating and solutions ( p < @number@ ) .
this study evaluated the colour stability of temporary prosthetic restorations with different thicknesses submitted to artificial accelerated aging.
the occlusal surfaces of @number@ molars were grinded to obtain flat enamel surfaces.
temporary restorations were fixed on enamel and cie l a b colour parameters of each specimen were assessed before and after artificial accelerated aging.
all groups showed colour alterations above the clinically acceptable limit.
luxatemp showed the lowest colour alteration regardless its thickness and duralay showed the greatest alteration with @number@ mm.
design : cross-sectional study assessing associations between self-reported adl and iadl difficulty and mmse scores for race- and sex-specific groups.
setting : homes of community-dwelling older adults.
measurements : function , based on self-reported difficulty in performing adls and iadls , and cognition , using the mmse.
multivariable linear regression models were used to test the association between function and cognition in race- and sex-specific groups after adjusting for covariates.
unlabelled : the consequences of influenza virus infection are generally more severe in individuals over @number@ years of age ( the elderly ) .
immunosenescence enhances the susceptibility to viral infections and renders vaccination less effective.
understanding age-related changes in the immune system is crucial in order to design prophylactic and immunomodulatory strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
simulation results suggested a central role of cd8 ( + ) t cells for adequate viral clearance kinetics in young and aged mice.
adding the removal of infected cells by natural killer cells did not improve the model fit in either young or aged animals.
the combination of activated cd8 ( + ) t cells with any of the cytokines provided the best fits in young and aged animals.
a quantitative understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis and its shift in the elderly is the key contribution of this work.
we have two arms , many muscles in each arm , and numerous neurons that contribute to their control.
how does the brain assign responsibility to each of these potential actors ?
we considered a bimanual task in which people chose how much force to produce with each arm so that the sum would equal a target.
we found that the dominant arm made a greater contribution , but only for specific directions.
this was not because the dominant arm was stronger.
rather , it was less noisy.
a cost that included unimanual noise and strength accounted for both direction- and handedness-dependent choices that young people made.
we found that , in bimanual control , the elderly showed no preference for their dominant arm.
we noninvasively stimulated the motor cortex to produce a change in unimanual strength and noise , and found a corresponding change in bimanual control.
using the noise measurements , we built a neuronal model.
however , studies have long focused on pre- or post-menopausal women , and its presence in men has been underestimated.
pearson correlation and age-adjusted partial correlation analyses between body composition-related parameters and bmd were performed.
multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship of bmd with lm , fm and %bf.
results : height and weight had positive associations with bmd at all sites , although age had negative associations.
of all subjects , lm and fm were positively correlated with bmd at almost sites ( p < @number@ ) .
lm was positively correlated with bmd at almost site ( all p < @number@ ) in groups , while fm had no association.
malnutrition , as well as hf , is frequently present with aging.
early detection might lead to earlier intervention.
it is our goal to review the importance of nutritional status in elderly patients with hf , as well as tools for assessing it.
we also propose a simple decision algorithm for the nutritional assessment of elderly patients with hf.
the purpose of this study was to compare the most important life events reported by u.s. and japanese centenarians.
this study included a population-based sample of @number@ u.s. centenarians from the georgia centenarian study and @number@ japanese centenarians from the tokyo centenarian study.
two open-ended life events questions were categorized and grouped into different life event domains.
several cross-tabulations were computed to investigate culture and gender differences in most important life event domains.
results suggest that events related to marriage were the most frequent important event domains mentioned by u.s. centenarians.
the japanese sample was more likely to report historical events.
japanese women considered events related to marriage , death and grief as the most important life events when compared to japanese men.
in addition , japanese men reported events related to work and retirement as the most important life events.
in the diseased states , tdp-43 proteins exhibit characteristic alterations , including truncation , abnormal phosphorylation , and altered subcellular distribution.
however , the mechanisms by which tdp-43 mutations induce neurodegeneration remain unclear at present.
cycloheximide chase experiments revealed more rapid turnover of tdp-43 mutant proteins than their wild-type counterpart.
the conflicting evidence leaves us recommending that metabolic monitoring be implemented , with regular follow-up as advocated in other populations.
we examined a range of molecular measures related to vascular function in matched premenopausal and postmenopausal women before and after @number@ wk of exercise training.
the vasodilator prostacyclin tended ( p = @number@ ) to be higher in plasma with training in the postmenopausal women only.
the experience of dementia is raises many important questions about the nature of self and personhood.
no disease is experienced in isolation and dementia embodies this.
ideas of loss of self and loss of life feature strongly in dementia and have the potential to profoundly affect a person's spirituality.
the christian faith offers the possibility of retaining and recovering the sense of personhood and connection with god and others.
this allows for the possibility of hope.
the circadian clock choreographs fundamental biological rhythms.
in this review , we draw attention to the fundamental roles played by epigenetic mechanisms in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation within the circadian clock system.
we also highlight how alterations in epigenetic factors and mechanisms are being linked with sleep-wake disorders.
this stress shielding may contribute to bone loss in the vertebral body , leading to increased fracture risk.
conclusion : these results support the hypothesis that stress shielding is a contributor to vertebral body bone loss and may increase fracture risk.
although further studies are needed , there may be a role for interventions that can shift vertebral loading in the spine to help prevent fracture.
despite dominance of macrolide-resistant strains in japan , clinical efficacy and bacterial eradication were achieved in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
intravenous-to-oral azithromycin therapy demonstrated excellent clinical and bacteriological effects on moderate-to-severe pneumococcal pneumonia despite a high mic and resistance gene development.
this discrepancy is referred to as the \ "in vivo-in vitro paradox \ ".
the current study results provide an insight into this paradox.
registration number : nct00809328.
results : at baseline , approximately @percent@ of study participants reported having copd.
the association between copd and risk for death was moderately attenuated by disability status.
conclusion : copd is positively associated with disability and mortality risk among us adults aged ≥70 years.
introduction : hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor with a high prevalence among older adults.
exercise is a nonpharmacological treatment shown to benefit all patients with hypertension.
in addition , these effects were sustained after @number@ weeks of detraining.
the objective of this article is to review the current and emerging treatments of ckd prior to dialysis in the elderly.
worldwide , there are increasing numbers of people who are aged over @number@ years.
in parallel , there are increasing numbers of elderly patients presenting with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , particularly in the more advanced stages.
this places pressure on the patient , their family , and on health care resources.
offering a conservative pathway supported by palliative care is a reasonable option for some patients under these circumstances.
the elderly person who chooses to have dialysis will frequently have different requirements than younger patients.
kidney transplantation can still result in improved life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly , in carefully selected people.
in addition , new therapies to treat and slow ckd progression are needed for all age groups.
methods : the study included @number@ residents through a large health check-up program in beijing.
results : overall obesity existed in @percent@ of men and @percent@ of women.
@percent@ of men and @percent@ of women were overweight.
@percent@ of men and @percent@ of women had central obesity.
residents of rural areas , manual workers , and smokers had significantly higher anthropometric indices.
the appropriate cut-off values of all anthropometric indices for cardiometabolic abnormalities were obtained.
conclusion : overweight is common for both sexes in the people's republic of china , as are general and central obesity.
residents of rural areas , manual workers , and smokers have significantly higher anthropometric indices.
waist-to-height ratio has the ability to reflect the compound risk of different cardiometabolic abnormalities and the greatest potential to be widely applied in clinical practice.
of particular concern is the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms among this vulnerable population.
accordingly , antimicrobial stewardship ( ams ) programs have started to be introduced into the residential aged care facilities setting to promote judicious antimicrobial use.
however , to successfully implement ams programs , there are unique challenges pertaining to this resource-limited setting that need to be addressed.
in this review , we summarize the epidemiology of infections in this population and review studies that explore antibiotic use and prescribing patterns.
specific attention is paid to issues relating to inappropriate or suboptimal antibiotic prescribing to guide future ams interventions.
the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and somatization , and social inhibition.
somatization was elicited from the somatization subscale when using the symptom checklist scl-90 instrument.
personality traits were drawn from the @number@ personality factor questionnaire and social inhibition was identified when using the inventory of interpersonal problems.
in addition , path analysis was used to establish the influence of personality traits on somatization and social inhibition.
results : of the @number@ participants , @percent@ were male , @percent@ were married , and @percent@ were retired.
the average number of years in education was @number@ ( standard deviation = 5.2 ) .
also , @percent@ of the total variance could be explained by the model , with excellent fit statistics.
social inhibition was not found to have any effect on somatization , although hypothetically it should.
attention should be paid to these factors in the elderly with somatization.
identifying sex-specific risk factors will inform more targeted intervention / prevention efforts.
logistic regressions were used to predict smoking from antagonism , discrimination , and their interaction.
results : antagonism was associated with an increased risk of smoking.
this interaction was not significant for men in either sample.
conclusion : in @number@ independent samples , perceived sex discrimination amplified the effect of antagonism on cigarette smoking for women but not men.
a hostile disposition and a perceived hostile social environment have a synergistic effect on current cigarette smoking for women.
objective : to determine the impact of an implementation intervention designed to introduce policies and practices supportive of healthy eating in centre-based child-care services.
intervention strategies included staff training , resources , incentives , follow-up support , and performance monitoring and feedback.
design : a quasi-experimental design was used to assess change over @number@ months in healthy eating policy and practice in intervention and comparison child-care services.
setting : the hunter new england ( hne ) region of new south wales ( nsw ) , australia.
a sub-analysis was conducted on those services that provided children food ( n @number@ at baseline and n @number@ at follow-up ) .
they were also more likely ( p = @number@ ) to have nutrition policy on home packed food.
we used a case-cohort design consisting of a random subcohort of @number@ women not using hormone therapy and @number@ incident dementia cases.
results : adjusted cox proportional hazards models showed a j-shaped relationship between total-e2 and risk of dementia ( p = @number@ ) .
similar results were found for bioavailable-e2.
adjustment for inflammatory and blood coagulation markers did not modify our results.
no significant association was found for total-testosterone.
conclusion : high e2 level is an independent predictor of incident dementia , particularly in postmenopausal women with diabetes.
conclusions : our findings implicate a role for homocysteine in the development of a generalized small-vessel disease in which both brain and kidney are affected.
objective : to shed light on the association between socioeconomic parameters , physical characteristics , and dlss.
summary of background data : lumbar spinal stenosis is a prevalent and disabling condition in the aging population.
data on the association of body physique ( e.g. , height and weight ) and dlss are limited.
methods : two sample populations were studied.
all participants were interviewed to obtain demographic , physical , and health data.
independent t test , mann-whitney and χ tests were used to determine the association between parametric and nonparametric variables and dlss.
logistic regression analysis was carried out to reveal predicting variables for dlss.
results : females with stenosis were significantly heavier and shorter than their counterparts in the control group.
we also noticed that they delivered babies more often than those in the control group.
prevalence of individuals experiencing diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the males with stenosis than control group.
conclusion : heavy manual labor and diabetes mellitus in males and housekeeping ( females ) play major roles in the genesis of dlss.
background and aims : dna methylation of repetitive elements may explain the relations between dietary intake , hyperhomocysteinemia , and cardiovascular disease risk.
methods and results : dna methylation was estimated using pyrosequencing technology.
a 120-item food frequency questionnaire was used to ascertain daily intake of folate , vitamin b12 , vitamin b6 , zinc , and methionine.
plasma total homocysteine was quantified using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
associations of micronutrient intake and homocysteine with line-1 and alu methylation were examined using linear regression.
adjusted differences in %5-methylated cytosines ( %5 mc ) were examined by categories of predictors using multivariable linear regression models.
intake of methyl-donor micronutrients was not associated with dna methylation.
after adjustment for covariates , each @number@ μmol / l increment of homocysteine corresponded with @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) %5 mc higher line-1 methylation.
additionally , bmi was positively associated with line-1 methylation ( p trend = @number@ ) .
participants with bmi ≥ @number@ kg / m² had @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) %5 mc higher line-1 than those with normal bmi.
we also observed a @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) %5 mc difference in alu methylation per @number@ cm of height.
these associations did not differ by sex.
conclusion : dietary intake of methyl-donor micronutrients was not associated with measures of dna methylation in our sample.
however , higher bmi was related to higher line-1 methylation , and height was positively associated with alu methylation.
background : whether socioeconomic position over the life course influences the wellbeing of older people similarly in different societies is not known.
setting : thirteen european countries representing four welfare regimes ( southern , scandinavian , post-communist and bismarckian ) .
subjects : a total of @number@ individuals aged 50-75 years.
results : socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction were present in all welfare regimes.
educational inequalities in life satisfaction were narrowest in scandinavian and bismarckian regimes among both genders.
post-communist and southern countries experienced both lower life satisfaction and larger socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction , using most measures of socioeconomic position.
current wealth was associated with large inequalities in life satisfaction across all regimes.
conclusions : scandinavian and bismarckian countries exhibited narrower socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction.
this suggests that more generous welfare states help to produce a more equitable distribution of wellbeing among older people.
parents who found giving support to be highly rewarding had lower levels of depressive symptoms when giving high amounts of tangible support.
conversely , parents who view giving support to be highly stressful had higher levels of depressive symptoms when they gave low amounts of nontangible support.
implications : findings suggest older parents ' perceptions of supporting their offspring may condition how generativity affects their mental health.
background : microthrombosis and reactive inflammation contribute to neuronal injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
adamts-13 cleaves von willebrand factor multimers , and inhibits thrombus formation and , seemingly , inflammatory reactions.
objective : to investigate the effect of adamts-13 in experimental sah.
neurologic performance was assessed on days @number@ and @number@ after sah.
animals were killed on day @number@
the amounts of subarachnoid blood , microthrombi , apoptosis and degenerative neurons were compared.
the degree of neuronal inflammation and vasospasm was also compared.
in five mice each ( sah and adamts-13 groups ) , bleeding time was assessed @number@ h after sah.
results : systemic administration of adamts-13 achieved significant amelioration of microthrombosis and improvement in neurologic performance.
adamts-13 reduced the amount of apoptotic and degenerative neurons.
a tendency for decreased neuronal inflammation was observed.
adamts-13 did not show any significant effect on vasospasm.
the degree of systemic inflammation was not changed by adamts-13 administration.
adamts-13 neither increased the amount of subarachnoid blood nor prolonged the bleeding time.
accumulating research has shown that chronic d-galactose ( d-gal ) exposure induces symptoms similar to natural aging in animals.
therefore , rodents chronically exposed to d-gal are increasingly used as a model for aging and delay-of-aging pharmacological research.
in the present study , we investigated cognitive dysfunction , locomotor activity , and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in d-gal exposure in mice.
interestingly , muscular mitochondrial complex i deficiency occurred in the skeletal muscle of mice exposed to d-gal.
mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormality was implicated as a contributing factor in d-gal-induced muscular impairment.
moreover , three combinations ( a , b , and c ) of nutrients applied in this study effectively reversed d-gal-induced muscular impairment.
nutrient formulas b and c were especially effective in reversing complex i dysfunction in both skeletal muscle and heart muscle.
objective : to investigate whether previously noted associations between health literacy and functional health status might be explained by cognitive function.
study design : study participants completed structured , in-person interviews administered by trained research assistants.
cognitive function was assessed using measures of long-term and working memory , processing speed , reasoning , and verbal ability.
functional health was assessed with sf-36 physical health summary scale and patient reported outcomes measurement information system short form subscales for depression and anxiety.
principal findings : all health literacy measures were significantly correlated with all cognitive domains.
in multivariable analyses , inadequate health literacy was associated with worse physical health and more depressive symptoms.
after adjusting for cognitive abilities , associations between health literacy , physical health , and depressive symptoms were attenuated and no longer significant.
conclusions : cognitive function explains a significant proportion of the associations between health literacy , physical health , and depression among older adults.
interventions to reduce literacy disparities in health care should minimize the cognitive burden in behaviors patients must adopt to manage personal health.
autonomic control of heart rate is mediated by cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cholinergic neurons located in the brainstem and stimulatory sympathetic noradrenergic neurons.
during embryonic development the survival and cholinergic phenotype of brainstem autonomic neurons is promoted by brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) .
we now provide evidence that bdnf regulates heart rate by a mechanism involving increased brainstem cardioinhibitory parasympathetic activity.
preceding the instantaneous removal of the bar with a flash at one end resulted in a motion percept away from the flash.
ilm was associated with lower percept scores and higher activations in acc relative to real motion , but no differences in shape-selective areas emerged.
this pattern of brain activation is consistent with the attentional gradient model or bottom-up accounts of ilm in preference to impletion.
it is believed that an increased mechanosensitivity of hgps cells is a causative factor for vascular cell death and vascular diseases in hgps patients.
however , the exact mechanism is unknown.
transient receptor potential ( trp ) channels are cationic channels that can act as cellular sensors for mechanical stimuli.
the mrna and protein expression of trp channels in hgps and control ( imr90 ) ipsc-ecs were examined by semi-quantitative rt-pcrs and immunoblots , respectively.
hypotonicity-induced cytosolic ca²⁺ ( [ ca²⁺ ] ( i ) ) rise in ipsc-ecs was measured by confocal microscopy.
rt-pcrs and immunoblots showed higher expressional levels of trpv2 in ipsc-ecs from hgps patients than those from normal individuals.
tranilast could also inhibit the hypotonicity-induced increase in caspase @number@ activity.
this mechanism may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in hgps patients.
both cognitive processes have been shown to decline in aging and are theorized to underlie age-related deficits in the cognitive control of memory.
however , older adults exhibited increased reliance on processing in right inferior parietal lobe associated with successful forgetting.
the current results are the first to provide neural evidence for an age-related reduction in processes that support intentional forgetting.
objective : type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline.
complex interactions between hyperglycemia , glycemic variability and brain aging remain unresolved.
this study investigated the relationship between glycemic variability at multiple time scales , brain volumes and cognition in type @number@ dm.
specifically within those with type @number@ dm , greater glycemic variability in gvc2-3 was associated with worse learning and memory scores.
greater variability in gvc5 was associated with longer dm duration and more depression.
these relationships were independent of hba1c and hypoglycemic episodes.
conclusions : type @number@ dm is associated with dysregulation of glycemic variability over multiple scales of time.
these time-scale-dependent glycemic fluctuations might contribute to brain atrophy and cognitive outcomes within this vulnerable population.
to date , drps among bph patients have not been well studied.
the pharmaceutical care network europe classification version ( pcne ) @number@ was used as a tool to classify drps.
we enrolled @number@ patients from @number@ hospital admissions.
a total of @number@ drps were found and there was an average of @number@.5±1.3 problems per hospitalization.
@percent@ of hospital admissions included at least one drp.
these data indicated that the prevalence of drps is high among bph patients.
the identification of different subtypes of drps and the factors associated with drps may facilitate risk reduction for bph patients.
background : adulthood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) is a rare disease.
in contrast to childhood all , survival for adults with all is poor.
recently , new protocols , including use of pediatric protocols in young adults , have improved survival in clinical trials.
methods : data were extracted from the surveillance , epidemiology , and end results database in the us and @number@ cancer registries in germany.
patients age 15-69 diagnosed with all were included.
period analysis was used to estimate 5-year relative survival ( rs ) .
the reasons for the survival differences between both countries require clarification.
humans and other primates are distinct among placental mammals in having exceptionally slow rates of growth , reproduction , and aging.
we compared doubly labeled water measurements of tee among @number@ primate species with similar measures for other placental mammals.
indeed , comparisons of wild and captive primate populations indicate similar levels of energy expenditure.
a total of @number@ questionnaires were returned , including @number@ for test-retest reliability.
data were missing from @percent@ to @percent@ within the individual questions.
the percentage of questions answered with \ "don't know \ " ranged @percent@ to @percent@.
cronbach's α for internal consistency was @number@
test-retest intraclass correlation was @number@
achievement of goals during the hospital stay was significantly correlated with the questionnaire score.
scores did not differ significantly between departments or between the before and after measurements related to an innovative intervention study in healthcare delivery.
the carewell in hospital questionnaire has good content validity , internal consistency , and test-retest reliability and warrants further research to explore responsiveness.
objectives : cancellation of elective surgical procedures is inconvenient and stressful on patients , causing loss of working days and disruption of daily life.
furthermore , it causes significant emotional trauma to the patients and their families.
the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) was used to assess depression and anxiety.
patient satisfaction was collected from the healthcare providers and systems survey ( hcahps ) .
in fact , patient satisfaction scores varied widely across the surveyed groups.
purpose : the venous choroidal blood drains through the superior orbital vein into the intracranial cavernous sinus.
the cerebrospinal fluid pressure ( csfp ) may thus influence the choroidal venous blood pressure.
methods : the population-based beijing eye study @number@ included @number@ individuals.
a detailed ophthalmic examination was performed including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( sd-oct ) with enhanced depth imaging for measurement of sfct.
results : mean calculated csfp was @number@ ± @number@ mm hg and mean sfct was @number@ ± @number@ μm.
in univariate analysis , sfct increased by @number@ μm ( @percent@ confidence interval : @number@ @number@ ) for each mm hg increase in csfp.
this association may explain thicker sfct measurements in the morning than evening.
it shows the importance of the csfp for the physiology of the eye.
methods : the first phase of the shahroud eye cohort study is a cross-sectional population-based study in iranian subjects @number@ to @number@ years old.
interactions between sex and age as independent variables were analyzed by two-way analysis of variances.
results : cycloplegic refraction data and biometry were obtained from @number@ subjects , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
the mean lens power showed a biphasic trend.
a secular trend in height was found , with younger subjects significantly taller than older ones.
taller men or women had longer eyes , with flatter corneas and less powerful lenses , independent of refractive error.
conclusions : there was an unexpected biphasic pattern of the distribution of lens power with age in this cross-sectional study.
younger subjects were taller , and despite having longer axial lengths , their bigger eyes were still predominantly emmetropic.
the greater axial lengths were counterbalanced by both lower corneal and lower lens powers.
this study aimed at investigating how retinal anatomic structures relate with the spatial mpod distribution in single eyes.
the mpod was assessed using 2-wavelength autofluorescence ( af ) .
retinal thickness ( rt ) and fovea pit profile slopes were measured using optical coherence tomography ( oct ) .
results : the interocular correlations for several measures of rt and rt layers were high ( p < @number@ ) .
the rt was inversely and significantly related to mpod at @number@.0° and at @number@.0° from the foveal center , but not to central mpod.
in particular , a thinner layer between internal and external limiting membrane showed strong associations with ring-like structures.
the mpod distribution was unrelated to the slope of the foveal pit or the choroidal thickness.
our results suggest that the retinal section between the internal and external limiting membrane is involved in the spatial distribution of mpod.
self-reported sitting time ( < 4 or ≥4 h / day ) was the main outcome.
background : the sum of environmental and genetic factors affects the appearance and function of the skin as it ages.
the identification of molecular changes that take place during skin aging provides biomarkers and possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
retinoic acid in different formulations has emerged as an alternative to prevent and repair age-related skin damage.
objectives : to understand the effects of different retinoid formulations on the expression of genes associated with biological processes that undergo changes during skin aging.
methods : ex-vivo skin samples were treated topically with different retinoid formulations.
the modulation of biological processes associated with skin aging was measured by reverse transcription quantitative pcr ( rt-qpcr ) .
conclusion : this association proved to be therapeutically more effective than tretinoin or microencapsulated retinol used singly.
background : peeling is a procedure which aims to accelerate the process of skin exfoliation.
methods : preliminary stability tests were carried out and an in vivo study was performed with three groups with @number@ representatives each.
clinical efficacy was assessed with a ccd color microscope , through the digitization of images before and after treatment.
the applications were carried out by a dermatologist , once a mont h every @number@ days , during @number@ months.
the area with wrinkles was calculated by planimetry point counting , in accordance with mandarin-de-lacerda.
results : the formulations were stable in the visual and ph evaluation.
the formulations used must be kept under refrigeration and should be manipulated every @number@ days.
conclusions : both peelings were effective in reducing fine wrinkles of the outer lateral eye area after three applications ( p ≤ @percent@ ) .
gait speed , cognition , depressive symptoms , cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases , hypertension , stroke , and diabetes were measured at both time points.
mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were computed from normal-appearing gray and white matter in frontoparietal and subcortical networks.
moderating effects of physical function and chronic diseases were tested using hierarchical regression models.
associations remained independent of other variables , although they were attenuated after adjustment for diabetes.
associations between pa and other neuroimaging markers were not significant.
conclusions : being exercise active predicts greater memory-related microstructural integrity in older adults.
future studies in older adults with diabetes are warranted to examine the neuroprotective effect of pa in these networks.
( nafld ) encompasses conditions associated to fat deposition in the liver , which are generally deteriorated during the aging process.
the functional significance of this binding is unknown.
we previously reported that the hepatic levels of macroh2a1.1 and macroh2a1.2 are differentially expressed in mice models of nafld.
here we show that over-expression of macroh2a1.1 , but not of macroh2a1.2 , is able to protect hepatocytes against lipid accumulation.
macroh2a1.1 over-expressing cells display ameliorated glucose metabolism , reduced expression of lipidogenic genes and fatty acids content.
sirt1 / macroh2a1.1-dependent epigenetic regulation of lipid metabolism may be relevant to nafld development.
unlabelled : asymptomatic mouth floor enlargements may be observed in edentulous patients.
these masses , which protrude from the mouth floor , may complicate the fitting of dentures and require surgery.
the patients and cadavers were of similar ages.
the data were compared using mann-whitney u , fisher's exact and student's t tests ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : the microscopic characteristics of the sublingual glands in mouth floor enlargements in edentulous patients correspond to characteristics associated with the normal aging process.
the glands are not pathological and represent an age-related alteration that occurs with or without the presence of the mouth floor enlargements.
they repeated the tests after 1-2 days ( short-term ) and at @number@ weeks ( long-term ) .
precision of the trunk rotation tests was lower than that of trunk flexion or extension.
retest agreement exceeded @number@ ( icc2 , 1 ) for all tests , with no relevant differences observed between gender- and age-specific subgroups.
neither participants ' motivation nor their anticipatory emotions correlated with the individual coefficients of variation of the trunk muscle moment measurements.
methods : we performed annual assessment of @number@ women who were premenopausal at baseline and reached natural menopause within @number@ years of follow-up.
hot flashes decreased slowly after menopause and did not return to premenopausal levels until @number@ years after the fmp.
one third of women at @number@ years or more after menopause continued to experience moderate / severe hot flashes.
wet-aged subprimals had greater saleable yields than dry-aged.
trained panelists found higher musty and putrid flavors for dry-aged muscles closer to exterior surface.
these flavors may have contributed to lower consumer overall like and flavor ratings for dry-aged m. spinalis thoracis and m. gluteobiceps.
using innovative styles to cut beef allows for greater merchandising options.
however , the neural basis for consumers ' perception of social risk remains undiscovered , and this novel study clarifies the relevant neural processes.
for this , subjective social risk ratings were used for a parametric modulation analysis on fmri data from the social risk task.
these findings may prove helpful in understanding the mental processes involved in purchase decisions.
the ability to suppress irrelevant information declines with age , while the ability to enhance relevant information remains largely intact.
we examined mechanisms behind this dissociation in an fmri study , using a selective attention task in which relevant and irrelevant information appeared simultaneously.
slowing of response times due to distraction by irrelevant targets was larger in older than younger participants.
the decreases in accuracy in target compared to nontarget trials were smaller in older compared to younger participants.
in older adults we found increased recruitment of areas in the fronto-parietal control network ( fpcn ) during target detection.
moreover , older adults showed increased connectivity between the fpcn , supporting cognitive control , and somatomotor areas implicated in response selection and execution.
the hucb cell preparation is composed of immature t-cells , b-cells , monocytes and stem cells.
in this study we examined whether the beneficial effects of hucb injection were attributable to one of these cell types.
motor function was measured prior to mcao and @number@ days post-stroke.
when cd14 ( + ) monocytes were depleted from the hucb mnc , activity and motor asymmetry were similar to the mcao only treated animals.
monocyte depletion prevented hucb cell treatment from reducing infarct size while monocyte enrichment was sufficient to reduce infarct size.
administration of monocyte-depleted hucb cells did not suppress iba1 labeling of microglia in the infarcted area relative to treatment with the whole hucb preparation.
these data demonstrate that the hucb monocytes provide the majority of the efficacy in reducing infarct volume and promoting functional recovery.
although older patients have been underrepresented in cancer clinical trials , there is an emerging body of literature to help guide treatment decisions.
a key component of care is the recognition that chronologic age alone cannot guide the management of an older patient with breast cancer.
recent neuroscientific research has demonstrated that both healthy and pathological aging induces alterations in the co-operative capacity of neuronal populations in the brain.
both compensatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms contribute to neurophysiological synchronization patterns , which provide a valuable marker for age-related cognitive decline.
in this study , we propose that neuroplasticity-based training may facilitate coherent interaction of distant brain regions and consequently enhance cognitive performance in elderly people.
this mathematical model employs a robust and parameter-free synchronization metric.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) is a herpes virus that has been implicated in biological aging and impaired health.
evidence , largely accrued from small-scale studies involving select populations , suggests that stress may promote non-clinical reactivation of this virus.
however , absent is evidence from larger studies , which allow better statistical adjustment for confounding and mediating factors , in more representative samples.
the present study involved a large occupational cohort ( n = 887 , mean age = 44 , @percent@ male ) .
predictors of cmv infection and cmv-igg among the infected individuals were analyzed using logistic and linear regression analyses , respectively.
confirming prior reports , lower ses ( education and job status ) was positively associated with infection status.
exploratory analyses showed that these associations were generally stronger in low ses individuals.
we found no evidence that elevated inflammation or hpa-function mediated any of the associations.
in the largest study to date , we established associations between cmv-igg levels and multiple indicators of psychological stress.
these results demonstrate the robustness of prior findings , and extend these to a general working population.
we propose that stress-induced cmv replication warrants further research as a psychobiological mechanism linking stress , aging and health.
methods and results : serum cr and egfr were measured in @number@ women , as a part of @number@
in this group carotid ultrasound examination ( b-mode imaging ) was performed and mean max imt was calculated.
women were classified by cr levels > 1 mg / dl or egfr < @number@ ml / min.
the d & cm intervention included a teamwork including nurses as care managers for the implementation of tailored care plans.
control group was allocated to usual-care.
the main outcome was the proportion of subjects achieving recommended clinical targets for ≥ @number@ of uncontrolled cvd risk factors at 12-month.
during 2008-2009 we enrolled @number@ subjects in the abruzzo / marche regions , italy.
following the exclusion of l'aquila due to @number@ earthquake , final analyses included @number@ subjects.
conclusions : the d & cm intervention was effective in controlling cardiovascular risk factors , in particular hypertension and diabetes.
numbers needed to treat were small.
such intervention may deserve further consideration in clinical practice.
registration number : actrn12611000813987.
many of these patients will be diagnosed at an early stage.
methods : older women with invasive , non-metastatic breast cancer ( n = 150 rct ; @number@ off-trial ) were included.
results : anthracycline regimens were used by @percent@ of women treated on-trial vs. @percent@ of those treated off-trial.
conclusion : there may be different qol trajectories for older women undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy on- vs. off-trial.
objective : existing oncology performance status measurements are used to predict chemotherapy toxicity in all patients with cancer , regardless of age.
a new predictive model for grade 3-5 chemotherapy toxicities was developed by hurria et al.
we investigated whether this tool can usefully characterize chemotherapy risks for older patients with lung cancer.
methods : patients from our hospital aged ≥ @number@ years with lung cancer completed a questionnaire form prior to chemotherapy.
we reviewed patients ' chemotherapy courses to identify toxicities , and used the toxicity tool to score the patients ' outcomes.
the sample was divided into three risk strata based on approximate risk score quartiles , with the middle two quartiles combined.
chi-square statistics were used to verify differences among groups.
in our sample , @percent@ of subjects had ≥ one grade 3-5 hematologic toxicity ; @percent@ had ≥ one grade 3-5 nonhematologic toxicity.
materials and methods : patients aged @number@ and over , newly diagnosed were recruited at the jewish general hospital , montreal , canada.
treatment toxicity and mortality data were abstracted from the chart.
logistic regression was also used to examine the relationship between functional status , comorbidity and srh at baseline.
logistic and cox regression were used to examine the association between baseline srh and treatment toxicity / time to death.
results : there were @number@ participants enrolled on this study ( median age @number@ ) .
at baseline , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had a good srh and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) had poor srh.
only an increasing number of comorbid conditions was associated with poor srh at baseline in both univariate and multivariable analysis.
we found no association between srh and toxicity or mortality.
conclusion : a substantial proportion had poor srh prior to and during cancer treatment.
an increasing number of comorbidities was associated with poor srh at baseline.
srh did not predict toxicity or mortality.
attention to comorbid conditions in older patients with cancer is warranted considering their impact on srh in this population.
introduction : the demand for long-term care ( ltc ) services is likely to increase as a population ages.
keeping pace with rising demand for ltc poses a key challenge for health systems and policymakers , who may be slow to scale up capacity.
because the model is intended for policy exploration , stylized numbers were used as model inputs.
to discern policy effects , the model was initialized in a steady state.
the steady state was disturbed by doubling the number of people needing ltc over the 30-year simulation time.
under this demand change scenario , the effects of various ltc capacity response policies were studied and sensitivity analyses were performed.
policymakers must be equally proactive in expanding ltc capacity , lest unsustainable acute care utilization and significant deficits in the number of healthcare professionals arise.
delaying ltc expansion could , for example , lead to increased healthcare expenditure and longer wait lists for ltc and acute care patients.
better living health and community services developed a 12-week community-based nutrition information series ( nis ) for people aged @number@ or older.
a pre- and post-test design was used to identify changes in participants ' perception of their nutritional and overall well-being.
twenty-four participants who completed at least four sessions participated in the post-evaluation follow-up.
only participants ' perception of their eating habits demonstrated a significant , positive improvement ( t24 = 2.1 , p < 0.05 ) .
the results suggest that the nis has the potential to promote the health and well-being of community-living seniors.
the development and implementation of the nis provided considerations for program practicality.
community-practising dietitians are instrumental in providing credible nutrition information to facilitate healthy eating in older canadians.
objective : the study was undertaken to compare the skin care related activities of retinol and bakuchiol , a potential alternative to retinoids.
retinol is a pivotal regulator of differentiation and growth of developing as well as adult skin.
retinoic acid is the major physiologically active metabolite of retinol regulating gene expression through retinoic acid receptor - dependant and independent pathways.
methods : comparative gene expression profiling of both substances in the epiderm ft full thickness skin substitute model was undertaken.
results : bakuchiol is a meroterpene phenol abundant in seeds and leaves of the plant psoralea corylifolia.
we present evidence that bakuchiol , having no structural resemblance to retinoids , can function as a functional analogue of retinol.
volcano plots showed great overall similarity of retinol and bakuchiol effects on the gene expression profile.
bakuchiol was also formulated into a finished skin care product and was tested in clinical case study by twice-a-day facial application.
conclusion : based on these data , we propose that bakuchiol can function as an anti-ageing compound through retinol-like regulation of gene expression.
background and purpose : akinetic crisis ( ac ) is the most severe and possibly lethal complication of parkinsonism.
methods : in a cohort of @number@ parkinsonian patients the incidence and outcome of ac was prospectively assessed.
yet six of @number@ patients were carriers of genetic mutations , one gba , one lrrk2 , one polg1 and three pink1.
in polg1 and pink1 carriers , the syndrome was recurrent and was fatal in three.
incidence of ac was @number@.0‰ in familiar parkinsonism , @number@.2‰ in genetic parkinsonisms.
conclusions : our preliminary findings suggest that the incidence of ac is remarkably increased in carriers of these genetic mutations.
personality theory and research typically focus on chronological age as a key indicator of personality development.
objective : our aim was to determine the association between serum sex steroids and bone microarchitecture assessed by hr-pqct in men.
design : this is a cross-sectional analysis in the structure of the aging men's bones cohort.
setting : the cohort was recruited from the general population.
participants : we examined @number@ male volunteers aged 20-87 years.
no specific exclusion criteria were used.
interventions : we collected blood samples and performed hr-pqct at the distal radius and distal tibia.
main outcome measures : we tested the hypothesis that low sex steroid levels are associated with poor bone microarchitecture in men.
cortical density and thickness as well as total and trabecular density increased with higher bio-17β-e2 levels.
similar results were found after adjustment for limb length and body height.
men with low aftc and low bio-17β-e2 levels had lower cortical density and thickness at both skeletal sites compared with the reference group.
methods : multivariate analysis of data from @number@ male us air force veterans who completed six medical examinations over @number@ years.
results : low testosterone was moderately related to high fg , independent of age and obesity.
low testosterone is a very weak predictor of a diagnosis of t2d.
conclusions : in men , low testosterone is an independent risk factor for high fg , comparable to aging and obesity.
low testosterone is a weak predictor of a diagnosis of t2d.
sirtuin ( sirt ) @number@ is a key protein in mediating the benefits of calorie restriction ( cr ) in mammals.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying cr-induced sirt1 upregulation in mammals remain unclear.
our observations have important implications for improving healthy aging in humans.
topical minoxidil has been successfully used to treat androgenetic alopecia.
it can also be applied to enhance eyebrows.
however , there is no study comparing minoxidil lotion with placebo for eyebrow enhancement.
in this trial , we determined the efficacy and safety of minoxidil @percent@ lotion for eyebrow enhancement compared with placebo.
forty patients were randomized for minoxidil on the eyebrow on one side of the face and placebo on the other.
efficacy was evaluated by global photographic assessment , eyebrow diameter , eyebrow count and subject's satisfaction.
side-effects were also evaluated.
thirty-nine patients ( @percent@ ) completed the study.
after @number@ weeks , the minoxidil group achieved significantly better results in all measured outcomes compared to the placebo group.
side-effects were minor and did not preclude patients from continuing the study.
our study suggests that minoxidil @percent@ lotion is a safe and effective treatment for eyebrow hypotrichosis.
ages ranged from 22-77 y.
relative telomere length ( rtl ) in leukocytes was estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.
shorter rtl was associated with older age , and rtl was shorter in males than females.
rtl was unrelated to hiv disease characteristics.
rtl was not associated with waso or self-reported sleep quality.
conclusion : results suggest that sleep duration is associated with preserving telomere length in a population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults.
getting at least @number@ hours of sleep at night may either protect telomeres from damage or restore them on a nightly basis.
study objectives : to examine whether subjective sleep quality and sleep duration moderate the association between age and telomere length ( tl ) .
design : participants completed a demographic and sleep quality questionnaire , followed by a blood draw.
setting : social neuroscience laboratory.
participants : one hundred fifty-four middle-aged to older adults ( age 45-77 y ) participated.
participants were excluded if they were on immunosuppressive treatment and / or had a disease with a clear immunologic ( e.g. , cancer ) component.
there was a significant first-order negative association between age and tl.
age was also negatively associated with the self-reported sleep quality item and sleep duration component of the psqi.
conclusions : the current study provides evidence for an association between sleep quality , sleep duration , and cellular aging.
white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) are associated with hypertension.
we examined interactions among blood pressure ( bp ) , internal carotid artery ( ica ) flow velocity parameters , and wmh.
diastolic and mean bp decreased and pulse pressure increased , but systolic bp did not change between @number@ and @number@ years.
therefore , falling diastolic bp and increased pulse pressure are associated with increased ica pulsatility index , which in turn is associated with wmh.
reducing vascular stiffness may reduce wmh progression and should be tested in randomized trials , in addition to testing antihypertensive therapy.
aging , hiv , and ma all converge on prefrontal and temporolimbic neural systems and confer independent risk for neurocognitive and functional decline.
objectives : the pathways linking spousal health to marital quality in later life have been little examined at the population level.
these results are robust to alternative specifications of the model.
discussion : the results suggest ways to protect marital quality among older adults who are struggling with physical illness in themselves or their partners.
results : of the @number@ acfs , only inhibition was impaired in aging after controlling for processing speed.
summary a high incidence of 25oh vitamin d deficiency has been observed in hiv-infected subjects.
the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol administration on serum 25oh vitamin d levels in hiv-infected patients.
one-way repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a significant difference for 25oh vitamin d variation ( p = @number@ ) among the three groups.
the occurrence of falls was also observed.
no significant inter-group difference in the frequency of falls was observed during the @number@ months of research.
unlabelled : physical activity ( pa ) decreases with increasing age despite the fact that pa exerts beneficial effects on many age-related diseases and conditions.
consequently , there is an interest in modifiable factors that may influence pa among older persons.
the purpose of this study was to examine the association between pa and the home environment in well-functioning older community-dwelling persons.
the interaction between functional limitations and environmental barriers generated a score expressing the magnitude of p-e fit problems in their home environment.
pa was rated with a questionnaire covering household-related and recreational activities.
results : we found a significant association between pa and the magnitude of p-e fit problems that explained @number@ % of the variance of pa.
the number of environmental barriers per se was not significantly associated with pa , while functional limitations explained @number@ % of the variance of pa.
conclusion : in well-functioning older persons living in the community environmental aspects of housing demonstrated a weak association with pa.
the ageing process is strongly influenced by nutrient balance , such that modest calorie restriction ( cr ) extends lifespan in mammals.
irisin , a newly described hormone released from skeletal muscles after exercise , may induce cr-like effects by increasing adipose tissue energy expenditure.
these data support the view that irisin may have a role in the modulation of both energy balance and the ageing process.
background : we conducted a retrospective study to specify the effect of age and gender on echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic function parameters.
methods : we included echocardiograms done in our institution between @number@ and @number@ for which data on diastolic function were available.
in order to target a population as close aspossible to healthy subjects , echocardiograms reporting abnormal contraction , valvulopathy or extreme data were excluded.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( mean age @number@ years ; men @percent@ ) were included in the study.
sex did not influence e / a ratio ( p = @number@ ) but age decreased it significantly ( p < @number@ ) .
after the age of @number@ more than @percent@ of the patients had an e / e ratio superior than @number@
unlabelled : we discovered a novel somatic gene fusion , cd74-nrg1 , by transcriptome sequencing of @number@ lung adenocarcinomas of never smokers.
mechanistically , cd74-nrg1 leads to extracellular expression of the egf-like domain of nrg1 iii-β3 , thereby providing the ligand for erbb2-erbb3 receptor complexes.
autologous human keratinocytes ( hk ) forming sheet grafts are approved as skin substitutes.
genetic engineering of hk represents a promising technique to improve engraftment and survival of transplants.
although efficacious in keratinocyte-directed gene transfer , retro- / lentiviral vectors may raise safety concerns when applied in regenerative medicine.
peptides , selected by aav peptide display , engaged novel receptors that increased cell entry efficiency by up to @number@ , 500-fold.
the novel targeting vectors transduced hk with high efficiency and a remarkable specificity even in mixed cultures of hk and feeder cells.
moreover , differentiated keratinocytes in organotypic airlifted three-dimensional cultures were transduced following topical vector application.
purpose of review : this review examines recent developments regarding the care of the elderly transgender patient.
there is scant clinical or other relevant information related to this topic , as the phenomenon of gender incongruity has been largely misunderstood and underreported.
recent findings : a preponderance of evidence exists establishing that gender nonconforming elders are subject to discriminatory healthcare treatment.
agencies that serve the elderly are rife with policies and practices that resist acknowledging the needs of this population.
most heathcare and service providers have little experience with this group and limited understanding of non-normative gender identification.
barriers to treatment amplify the challenges of ageing for the transgender person and can lead to nondisclosure of clinically relevant personal information.
summary : increasing numbers of ageing transgender individuals will be interfacing with health and care providers.
many of these individuals will require medical and surgical interventions for gender dysphoria.
education for nurses , social workers , administrators and others who comprise the comprehensive care system must be mandatory.
finally , institutions and agencies must adapt and become inclusive of the spectrum of diverse individuals found across the changing social landscape.
materials and methods : measurements ( anthropometrics , fasting venipuncture and blood pressure ) were performed at the beginning of the seventh and eighth grades.
descriptive data , differences according to weight , correlations and changes over time were examined.
findings : in @number@ adolescents , bmi and serum ua had relationships with several cardiometabolic measures.
males had higher serum ua at follow-up compared to baseline ; female change was minimal.
time-by-gender interaction was significant , as were the main effects of gender and bmi classification.
males had lower hdl-c at follow-up than at baseline ; females had higher hdl-c at follow-up.
conclusions : serum ua has importance in cardiometabolic examination of youth risk factors.
it should be examined in youth with elevated bmi and / or hypertension.
early adolescence is the period when gender-related metabolic changes occur.
the current study included @number@ participants ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) aged between @number@ and 79years from the tasmanian healthy brain project.
the polymorphisms were also investigated for their association with reported life-long engagement in complex cognitive activity using a retrospective questionnaire.
several other studies also demonstrated that these polymorphisms have no , small , or inconsistent effects on memory function.
we aimed to investigate predictors for cgm volume in ischemic stroke patients with confluent wmc.
methods : one-hundred post-stroke patients with confluent wmc were recruited into the study.
all volumetric measures were standardized by intracranial volume as volume ratio.
conclusions : age , pvwmc and left thalamic microbleed predict less cgm volume.
castilla-la mancha health service is developing the integration of care levels due to the challenge of an aging population in the region.
aging is associated with chronic diseases and an increasing number of concomitant diseases.
this poses a major care challenge care , with more fragile patients and new needs.
the balanced scorecard or integrated scorecard of the integration process was introduced as it has been designed.
we investigated dlb patients with preserved hippocampal volumes to determine the mrs changes in dlb with low probability of overlapping ad pathology.
dlb patients were characterized by decreased n-acetylaspartate / creatine ( naa / cr ) in the occipital voxel.
ad patients were characterized by lower naa / cr in the frontal and posterior cingulate voxels.
normal naa / cr levels in the frontal voxel differentiated dlb patients with preserved hippocampal volumes from ad patients.
dlb and ad patients had elevated choline / creatine , and myo-inositol / creatine in the posterior cingulate.
this pattern of mrs abnormalities may have a role in differential diagnosis of dlb and in distinguishing dlb patients with overlapping ad pathology.
databases of medline , embase , biosis , the cochrane library , and the chinese national knowledge infrastructure were systematically searched.
thirty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis.
there was no difference in the i405v , c629a , and taq1b polymorphisms between ad and control groups.
however , stratified analysis showed that ad group had higher b2b2 genotype frequency than control group in asian populations with apoe4 + in taq1b.
i405v and taq1b polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of carotid atherosclerosis and longevity.
the efficacy of statin therapy was not associated with taq1b polymorphism.
however , the b2b2 genotype of taq1b was associated with increased risk of ad in the asian populations with apoe4 + .
age-related cognitive decline is a major public health concern facing a large segment of the us population.
mixed effects models were used to derive cognitive decline phenotypes from data on repeated cognitive assessments and to perform single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability estimation.
these results indicate that despite multiple association signals for cognitive decline in the 19q13.32 region , inter-individual variation is likely influenced substantially by environmental factors.
african americans typically exhibit similar or better mental health outcomes than whites , an unexpected pattern given their disproportionate exposure to psychosocial stressors.
future research should investigate other potential resilience mechanisms among african americans to explain their relatively positive mental health outcomes.
adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood and is characterized by emotional instability.
underlying this behavior may be an imbalance between the limbic subcortical areas and the prefrontal cortex.
here , we investigated differences in these regions during adolescence and young adulthood.
only those trials in which there was a match between the subject's response and the iaps rating were included in the analyses.
task performance ( matching accuracy , reaction times ) did not differ across age.
activity in the amygdala and hippocampus decreased with age when processing emotional salient stimuli versus neutral stimuli.
in contrast , activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex increased with age.
understanding these developmental changes is important as these may underlie typical adolescent behavior.
however , the mechanisms that regulate survival or death of cd8 ( + ) cd28 ( - ) t cells remain incompletely understood.
macroautophagy has been shown to protect cells from unfavorable environmental conditions and extend lifespan of various cells and organisms.
this was surprising , as mtorc1 is generally perceived as an inhibitor of autophagy.
inhibition of mtorc1 by rapamycin could still enhance activation-induced autophagy.
a possible explanation of vascular senescence process is the mitochondrial damage and dysfunction.
we tested discrimination ability and reclassification of clinical and metabolomic models.
conclusions : aging mitochondrial dysfunction evaluated by metabolomic profiling is associated with maces , independently of standard predictors.
methods : a longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in @number@ singleton pregnancies ( @number@ low-risk pregnancies and @number@ with essential hypertension ) .
the @number@ aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability include physical and mental health.
the results indicate that @percent@ of adults with an intellectual disability demonstrate aging conditions.
unlabelled : background / study context : the purpose was to determine if aging interacts with the coding of a simple spatial-temporal movement sequence.
practice was scheduled over @number@ days involving either the same visual-spatial or the same motor coordinates.
on day @number@ two retention tests ( day 1 / day @number@ ) were conducted.
results : keeping the motor coordinates the same during acquisition resulted in superior retention only for younger adults.
tactile sensory performance , manual dexterity ( \ "haptic efficiency \ " ) , and the subjective response to tactile stimulation were quantified.
in contrast to the performance measures , differences in tactile experience were associated with differences in the subjective response to touch.
greater tactile experience was associated with the provision of richer descriptions of textured materials manipulated with the digits.
conclusion : the range of tactile experience reported in a convenience sample of the population was apparently insufficient to preserve sensory function during aging.
for younger adults , conversations with same-age acquaintances were most enjoyable and conversations with children and older adults were least enjoyable.
older adults reported similar enjoyment across all groups.
however , the links between conversation enjoyment and empathy were stronger for older adults.
the current study examined the relations between distinct functions of social support and numerous cognitive domains in older adults.
methods : data were derived from a cross-sectional , correlational study of cardiovascular risk factors , cognitive function , and neuroimaging.
the participants were @number@ older adults with a mean age of @number@
a number of neuropsychological tests and the interpersonal support evaluation list were administered.
conclusion : results suggest that the receipt of social support may be a burden for some older adults.
within the current study , fluid cognitive abilities reflected this phenomenon.
the mechanism through which social support is associated with poorer cognitive function in some domains deserves further exploration.
unlabelled : background / study context : the negative priming effect has been traditionally interpreted as the inhibitory aftereffect of distractor processing.
according to inhibitory deficit theory , older adults should be more impaired by auditory distractors.
recent studies have shown that episodic retrieval processes are involved in the effect.
however , so far there is no direct evidence that this is true for older adults.
in ignored repetition trials , the prime distractor was repeated as the probe target , whereas there was no stimulus repetition in control trials.
reaction times and errors were analyzed.
results : negative priming was present in all age groups.
senior groups showed increased negative priming in reaction times.
all age groups revealed a comparable increase of probe errors with the former prime response in ignored repetition compared with control trials.
there was no age difference in the frequency of responding with the former prime response in control trials.
unlabelled : background / study context : current evidence suggests that dysphoric mood affects the ability to recognize facial emotion.
no group differences were observed in the recognition of happiness , surprise , disgust , and sadness.
method : we conducted semi-structured interviews with @number@ healthcare professionals working for or being associated with the largest sci clinic in switzerland.
the transcribed interviews were content analyzed , involving qualitative description , and thematic analysis techniques.
in addition , two overarching themes were identified : ( @number@ ) fairness considerations and ( @number@ ) unavailability of systematic empirical evidence.
work capacity assessment and family caregiving were deemed to be the most pressing research priority areas.
conclusions : legal frameworks do play both a direct and an indirect role in the lives of people with sci in switzerland.
this is particularly true with regard to various issues related to the social insurance system , such as family caregiving and work capacity assessment.
the salience of these topics is closely related to major sociodemographic and political driving forces , i.e. aging and social insurance reforms.
research directly involving people with sci is needed to further substantiate and refine the findings of this study.
eligibility criteria for disability benefits may influence the therapy motivation of rehabilitation clients.
thus , different interventions have been carried out attempting to improve these aspects.
the intervention period ( divided in two subperiods ) was compared with a control period.
results : most reasons for consultation were those corresponding to lower gastrointestinal tract , followed by liver disease and upper gastrointestinal tract.
significant differences were only found in distribution of diagnoses between the two centers in joint consultations.
conclusion : common consultations motifs were similar in urban and rural settings , with some relevance of lower gastrointestinal tract disease.
most of them can be solved at primary care , with the help of consultant specialist.
there is impact on referrals to the outpatient first consultations of gastroenterology , mainly in rural setting.
objective : physical and sociocognitive lifestyle activities promote aspects of cognitive function in older adults.
very little is known about the relation between these lifestyle activities and cognitive function in young adults.
one aspect of cognitive function that is critical for everyday function is episodic memory.
the present study examined the relationship between lifestyle activities and episodic memory in younger and older adults.
method : participants were @number@ younger ( mean age = @number@ years ) and older adults ( mean age = @number@ years ) .
the augmented victoria longitudinal study activities questionnaire was used to quantify level of engagement in physical activity , sociocognitive activity , and tv viewing.
episodic memory was assessed using the old-new face recognition paradigm in which memory for younger and older faces was tested.
a positive association was observed between physical activity and episodic memory for young adults but not for older adults.
interestingly , tv viewing was negatively associated with episodic memory in older adults but not younger adults.
no relationship was found between sociocognitive activity and episodic memory for either younger or older adults.
although the own-age effect was observed for older adults , face age did not interact with lifestyle activities.
furthermore , tv viewing may be particularly detrimental to cognitive performance later in life.
previous studies reported that in dlb patients functional alterations of the parieto-occipital regions were correlated with the presence of vh.
relatively to dlb group , correlation analysis between the cortical thickness and the neuropsychiatric inventory ( npi ) hallucination item scores was also performed.
cortical thickness was reduced bilaterally in dlb compared to controls in the pericalcarine and lingual gyri , cuneus , precuneus , superior parietal gyrus.
inferior parietal and supramarginal gyri were also affected bilaterally in ad as compared to controls.
the evolutionary theories of aging are useful for gaining insights into the complex mechanisms underlying senescence.
classical theories argue that high levels of extrinsic mortality should select for the evolution of shorter lifespans and earlier peak fertility.
non-classical theories , in contrast , posit that an increase in extrinsic mortality could select for the evolution of longer lifespans.
to further elucidate the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of aging , we implemented a stochastic , agent-based , computational model.
conversely , we found that dramatically shorter lifespans evolved when mating costs were relatively low and food was relatively scarce.
we also analyzed the effects of increased predation on various parameters related to density dependence and energy allocation.
longer and shorter lifespans were accompanied by increased and decreased investments of energy into somatic maintenance , respectively.
similarly , earlier and later maturation ages were accompanied by increased and decreased energetic investments into early fecundity , respectively.
higher predation significantly decreased the total population size , enlarged the shared resource pool , and redistributed energy reserves for mature individuals.
structural and gene expression changes in the microvasculature of the human choroid occur during normal aging and age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
in this study , we sought to determine the impact of aging and amd on expression of the endothelial cell glycoprotein cd34.
in addition , published databases of mouse and human retinal pigment epithelium-choroid were evaluated and cd34 expression compared between young and old eyes.
immunohistochemical studies revealed that while cd34 and uea-i were colocalized in young eyes , there was variable loss of cd34 immunoreactivity in older donor eyes.
endothelial cells in neovascular membranes were invariably cd34 positive.
published databases show either a significant decrease in cd34 ( mouse ) or a trend toward decreased cd34 ( human ) in aging.
@number@ were identified as deceased.
realage predicts deaths from malignant neoplasms , heart disease , and external causes.
conclusion : the realage score is a valid measure of mortality risk in its user population.
objective : the relationship between weight loss and mortality has important clinical and public health significance but has proved to be complex.
design : longitudinal , population-based , ' the @number@ british ' birth cohort study.
cox's hazard ratios ( hr ) were progressively adjusted for socio-demographic , lifestyle and health characteristics.
results : nearly @percent@ of participants lost weight and over @percent@ gained @number@ kg or more in midlife.
there were @number@ deaths.
in consideration of the burden of premature death , closer monitoring of weight loss in mid-life is warranted.
parkinsonian gait and other mild parkinsonian signs were assessed with a modified version of the original unified parkinson's disease rating scale ( mupdrs ) .
cross-validation using data from a 2 ( nd ) group of @number@ older adults showed similar results.
in similar analyses , only walking was associated with bradykinesia and sway with tremor.
interpretation : quantitative mobility subtask measures vary in their associations with parkinsonian gait scores and other parkinsonian signs in older adults.
quantifying the different facets of mobility has the potential to facilitate the clinical characterization and understanding the biologic basis for impaired mobility in older adults.
higher general intelligence attenuates age-associated cognitive decline and the risk of dementia.
thus , intelligence has been associated with cognitive reserve or resilience in normal aging.
neurophysiologically , intelligence is considered as a complex capacity that is dependent on a global cognitive network rather than isolated brain areas.
an association of structural as well as functional brain network characteristics with intelligence has already been reported in young adults.
individuals were assessed cross-sectionally using wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised ( wais-r ) and diffusion-tensor imaging.
network properties were significantly correlated to age , whereas no significant correlation to wais-r was observed.
however , in a subgroup of @number@ individuals aged @number@ and above , the network properties were significantly correlated to wais-r.
our findings suggest that general intelligence and global properties of structural brain networks may not be generally associated in cognitively healthy elderly.
however , we provide first evidence of an association between global structural brain network properties and general intelligence in advanced elderly.
intelligence might be affected by age-associated network deterioration only if a certain threshold of structural degeneration is exceeded.
genetic factors have been estimated to account for about @percent@ of the variation in an adult's life span.
no significant differences in the number of c4a , c4b and c4s were detected.
besides , the c4b q0 carrier state did not decrease with age , irrespective of smoking as an interacting variable.
the aim of this study was to assess the association of bp profile with ckd and the presence of cardiac organ damage.
methods : we studied @number@ patients , referred to our hypertension centre , in whom abpm , blood tests , and echocardiography were clinically indicated.
cardiac organ damage was evaluated by echocardiography.
nocturnal sbp and pp correlated more strongly with cardiac organ damage ( p < 0.001 ) .
patients with ckd had a greater treatment intensity score ( p < 0.001 ) in the absence of a significantly greater bp control.
conclusions : ckd patients have an altered night-time pressure profile and higher pp that translate into a more severe cardiac organ damage.
in spite of a greater intensity of treatment in most patients with ckd , bp control was similar to patients without ckd.
risk scores and c-statistics were computed for individual participants for the anu-adri and the caide index.
results for caide ranged from c-statistics of @number@ ( @number@.427-0.554 ) to @number@ ( @number@.565-0.625 ) .
the accuracy can be further improved in studies including more risk factors and younger cohorts with long-term follow-up.
tissue sampling was performed @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days after surgical de-tensioning of the tendon construct.
further , specific markers for tendon cell differentiation declined and normal tendon architecture was disturbed , whereas pro-inflammatory molecules were upregulated.
stimulation with the cytokine tgf-β1 had distinct effects on some tendon-related genes in both tensioned and de-tensioned tissue.
objectives : epidemiological data concerning atherosclerotic disease among older people in rural china are sparse.
from @date@ - @date@ , data were collected through interviews , clinical examinations , and laboratory tests.
pad was defined as an ankle-brachial index ≤0.9.
carotid intima-media thickness ( cimt ) and carotid artery stenosis were assessed by ultrasonography.
data were analyzed with multiple logistic models.
results : the prevalence was @percent@ for pad , @percent@ for moderate stenosis , @percent@ for severe stenosis , and @percent@ for increased cimt.
ever smoking , hypertension , and an increased ldl-c / hdl-c ratio were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of increased cimt.
conclusion : among chinese older people living in a rural community , pad , carotid artery stenosis , and an increased cimt are relatively uncommon.
transgenic mouse models are powerful tools in exploring the mechanisms of ad.
recently , aβ oligomers have been identified as more neurotoxic than aβ plaques.
here , we constructed a single-mutant transgenic ( tg ) model harboring the ps1v97l mutation and used non-tg littermates as a control group.
following aβ oligomers , we detected synaptic alteration , tau hyperphosphorylation and glial activation.
this model supports an initial role for aβ oligomers in the onset of ad and suggests that aβ plaques may not be the only prerequisite.
this model provides a useful tool for studying the role of aβ oligomers in ad pathogenesis.
the deterioration of sleep in the older population is a prevalent feature that contributes to a decrease in quality of life.
inappropriate entrainment of the circadian clock by light is considered to contribute to the alteration of sleep structure and circadian rhythms in the elderly.
individual sensitivity spectra were derived from measures of melatonin suppression.
lens density was assessed using a validated psychophysical technique.
although lens transmittance was decreased for short wavelength light in the older participants , melatonin suppression was not reduced.
our results indicate that increased lens filtering does not necessarily lead to a decreased non-visual sensitivity to light.
the lack of age-related decrease in non-visual sensitivity to light may involve as yet undefined adaptive mechanisms.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) is a predictor of aging and a number of age-related diseases.
we performed genome-wide association studies of mean ltl in @number@ individuals , with a two-stage replication in @number@ individuals from chinese populations.
to further validate our findings , we get the results of @number@ samples from a cohort of european ancestry.
our findings provide new insights into telomere regulatory mechanism and even pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
background : in the context of population aging , multimorbidity has emerged as a growing concern in public health.
however , little is known about multimorbidity patterns and other issues surrounding chronic diseases.
methods : data from this cross-sectional study was collected from the courage study.
a total of @number@ participants from spain were included , @number@ aged over @number@
an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to detect multimorbidity patterns in the population over @number@ years of age.
crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were performed to identify individual associations between physical and mental conditions.
after adjusting for covariates , asthma , chronic lung disease , arthritis and the number of physical conditions were associated with depression.
angina and the number of physical conditions were associated with a higher risk of anxiety.
with regard to multimorbidity distribution , women over @number@ years suffered from the highest rate of multimorbidity ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : multimorbidity prevalence occurs in a high percentage of the spanish population , especially in the elderly.
there are specific multimorbidity patterns and individual associations between physical and mental conditions , which bring new insights into the complexity of chronic patients.
there is need to implement patient-centered care which involves these interactions rather than merely paying attention to individual diseases.
the aging brain shows a progressive loss of neuropil , which is accompanied by subtle changes in neuronal plasticity , sensory learning and memory.
neurophysiologically , aging attenuates evoked responses including the mismatch negativity ( mmn ) .
a corollary of this complexity reduction is an attenuation of bayesian updating or sensory learning.
in contrast , baseline synaptic connectivity strengths were consistently strong over the decades.
our findings suggest that the lifetime accrual of sensory experience optimizes functional brain architectures to enable efficient and generalizable predictions of the world.
this study aimed to validate the relationship between serum osteocalcin and indices of obesity and lipid parameters in a group of malaysian men.
methods : a total of @number@ men from the malaysian aging male study were included in the analysis.
bioelectrical impendence ( bia ) method was used to estimate bf.
there was a significant positive association between serum osteocalcin and high density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol ( p = @number@ ) .
these variables were not associated with serum c-terminal of telopeptide crosslinks in the subjects ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusion : serum osteocalcin is associated with indices of obesity and hdl level in men.
these relationships should be validated by a longitudinal study , with comprehensive hormone profile testing.
no changes in ekg-corrected qt interval were observed , and no serious adverse events were reported.
mpp and the comparator were isocaloric and delivered the same amount of caffeine.
mpp supplementation for @number@ weeks did not improve dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dexa ) measures of body composition or objective assessments of exercise performance.
overall , mpp use and administration was well tolerated.
self-reported scores for energy and concentration were significantly greater.
over a six-week training and supplementation period , mpp use was not associated with improvements in performance or body composition.
future studies should confirm these effects over a more prolonged training period.
high reliability for all 1rm assessments was observed.
greater muscular strength was observed in younger compared to older men and women on all tasks ( p < 0.05 ) .
at both @percent@ and @percent@ 1rm , considerable interindividual variability was observed in the number of repetitions completed.
we did not observe any abnormal blood pressure responses to either the 1rm testing or maximal repetition testing sessions.
practitioners should give consideration to individual variability when attempting to maximize the benefits of resistance training.
over the last two decades , research has assessed the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and individual health.
we address these limitations by specifying distinct health transitions over multiple waves of a 15-year study of american adults.
we find that cumulative exposure to neighborhood disadvantage has significant effects on functional decline and mortality.
several lines of evidence suggest that insulin signalling dysfunction produces these metabolic alterations and underlie the development of these neurodegenerative diseases.
additionally , we describe and review the major animal models of obesity , insulin resistance , metabolic syndrome and type @number@ diabetes mellitus.
radiotherapy is widely used to treat cancer because it has the advantage of physically and functionally conserving the affected organ.
sas-r cells continue to proliferate when exposed to fractionated radiation ( fr ) of @number@ gy / day for more than @number@ days in vitro.
a xenograft tumor model of sas-r was also resistant to @number@ gy / day of x-rays for @number@ days.
the density of blood vessels in sas-r tumors was higher than in sas tumors.
everolimus with fr markedly reduced sas and sas-r tumor volumes.
additionally , the apoptosis of endothelial cells ( ecs ) increased in sas-r tumor tissues when both everolimus and radiation were administered.
both cd34-positive and tomato lectin-positive blood vessel densities in sas-r tumor tissues decreased remarkably after the everolimus and radiation treatment.
everolimus-induced apoptosis of vascular ecs in response to radiation was also followed by thrombus formation that leads to tumor necrosis.
we conclude that fr combined with everolimus may be an effective modality to overcome radioresistant tumors via targeting tumor ecs.
we used a prospective nested-case control study ( n = @number@ cases and @number@ controls ) within the physicians ' health study for current analyses.
gal-3 was measured using elisa and we used conditional logistic regression to compute adjusted odds ratios.
mean age at baseline was @number@ y and median log-gal-3 was @number@ ( iqr : @number@ @date@ ) ng / ml.
cubic splines suggested a non-linear relation between gal-3 and hf.
the gal-3-hf relation was seen for hf with and without antecedent coronary heart disease.
conclusions : our data are consistent with a positive non-linear association between gal-3 and hf risk in male subjects.
us inpatient capacity increased until the 1970s , then declined.
the us census bureau expects the population aged ≥65 years to more than double by @number@
the implications for national inpatient capacity requirements have not been quantified.
our objective was to calculate the number of hospital admissions that will be necessitated by population aging , ceteris paribus.
we estimated @number@ nationwide age-specific hospitalization rates using data from the nationwide inpatient sample and census data.
we applied these rates to the population expected by the census bureau to exist through @number@
by @number@ the us population is expected to increase by @percent@.
our analysis suggests that based on expected changes in the population age structure by then , the annual number of hospitalizations will increase by @percent@.
thus , inpatient capacity would have to expand @percent@ more than population growth to meet demand.
total aggregate inpatient days is projected to increase @percent@ more than population growth.
the total projected growth in required inpatient capacity is @percent@ , accounting for both number of admissions and length of stay.
this analysis accounts only for changes in the population's age structure.
other factors could increase or decrease demand , as discussed in the article.
aging is one of the major risk factors for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
sirtuins are associated with prolonged life span.
in addition , we compared the expression levels with the local load of tau and amyloid-beta deposits , evaluated using morphometry.
the complex patterns of the expression of sirtuins in relation to tissue damage should be taken into account when searching for therapies interacting with sirtuins.
the young adult model of karaki et al.
the developed model was validated with published experimental data for elderly exposure to transient and steady hot and cold environments.
here we explore mcdespot performance under different experimental conditions to better understand the method's sensitivity and reliability.
the sensitivity of mcdespot estimates to src boundary conditions , and tissue parameters , was examined using numerical phantoms and acquired in vivo human data.
conclusion : results suggest that under the range of conditions examined , mcdespot can provide stabile and precise values.
genomes are inherently unstable because of the need for dna sequence variation as a substrate for evolution through natural selection.
genome maintenance is beneficial early in life by swiftly eliminating dna damage or damaged cells , facilitating rapid cell proliferation.
as such , genome maintenance and its phenotypic sequelae provide yet another example of antagonistic pleiotropy in aging and longevity.
with the aging of the population and longer life expectancies , the prevalence of population with multiple chronic medical conditions has increased.
older adults with diabetes residing in the long-term facilities represent the most vulnerable of this cohort.
studies that specifically target diabetes management in older population are lacking and those that target diabetes management in the long-term care facilities are even fewer.
in aging populations , hypoglycemia has the potential for catastrophic consequences.
introduction : the aging population is growing rapidly in asia resulting in an increased number of hip fractures being managed surgically.
demographic data , charlson's comorbidity index ( cci ) score , time to surgery and length of stay ( los ) were recorded.
though there was a significant improvement , the scores at @number@ year were significantly lower than the pre-injury score for both groups.
age-related trajectories of risk factors were assessed by fitting mixed-effects models with adjustment for year of birth to reveal secular trends.
distributions showed a fattening of the right tail in each consecutive phase , meaning a stronger increase in higher percentiles.
conclusion : the past three decades brought strong and heterogeneous changes in cardiovascular risk factor distributions.
secular trends appear to modify age-related trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors , which may be a source of bias in longitudinal analyses.
background : vibration anesthesia is an effective pain-reduction technique for facial cosmetic injections.
the analgesic effect of this method was tested in this study during facial dermal filler injections.
the study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vibration anesthesia for these facial injections.
the injections were administered in a randomly assigned split-face design.
one side of the patient's face received vibration together with dermal filler injections , whereas the other side received dermal filler injections alone.
the patients completed a posttreatment questionnaire pertaining to injection pain , adverse effects , and preference for vibration with future dermal filler injections.
results : the patients experienced both clinically and statistically significant pain reduction when a vibration stimulus was co-administered with the dermal filler injections.
no adverse events were reported.
the majority of the patients ( @number@ % ) reported a preference for vibration anesthesia with subsequent dermal filler injections.
conclusions : vibration is a safe and effective method of achieving anesthesia during facial dermal filler injections.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
all participants underwent an electrographic study in the classical manner described in the literature.
median and ulnar nerves in one upper , peroneal posterior tibial and sural nerves were studied in both lower extremities.
sural nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity in the lower extremities were low relative to controls.
discussion : in this study the hyperlipemic group consisted from subjects with a relatively young age and with not very high serum lipid levels.
based on the current state of evidence , modern procedures to cryopreserve oocytes should no longer be considered experimental.
the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists ' committee on gynecologic practice endorses the joint document and encourages its use by fellows.
there are not yet sufficient data to recommend oocyte cryopreservation for the sole purpose of circumventing reproductive aging in healthy women.
background : because of an increasing aging population worldwide , a greater number of elderly patients are being considered for hepatic resection.
patients and methods : a retrospective review of patient demographics , diagnoses , surgical treatments , and early postoperative outcomes was performed.
results : a total of @number@ hcc patients with cirrhosis underwent major hepatectomy between @number@ and @number@
the overall complication rates were @percent@ in group e and @percent@ in group y ( p = 0.427 ) .
intraoperative red blood cell transfusion of @number@ u or more was predictive of higher morbidity in the elderly.
surgeons should take care to minimize the likelihood of intraoperative blood transfusion in elderly patients.
this multigenerational , hermeneutic study began @number@ years ago when @number@ families were interviewed after the teen's infant reached @number@ to @number@ months of age.
families were re-interviewed every @number@ to @number@ years.
this article describes the @number@ families who exemplified adversarial caregiving at the first study and how their relationships unfolded and shaped long-term outcomes.
findings alert clinicians to the importance of recognizing red flags and intervening early to interrupt adversarial caregiving.
previous studies suggested that skin stimulation by using medical tape glued to the skin over the achilles tendon can improve postural control in young adults.
such strategy can be valuable if helping to improve postural control in the elderly.
here , we tested the effects of skin stimulation on the postural control of elderly while standing barefoot.
twenty-two voluntary elderly had postural control assessed under different conditions of skin stimulation.
misfolded proteins can be toxic and interfere with normal cellular functions , particularly during proteotoxic stress.
accordingly , molecular chaperones , the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ups ) and autophagy together promote refolding or clearance of misfolded proteins.
background : in many western countries individuals will need to continue their professional careers beyond the current retirement age.
this requires adaptation of the working conditions to compensate for age related visual changes.
results : visual conditions and lighting design have an impact on work performance in those over age @number@ even if there are few studies available.
natural age related changes in the eyes or ocular diseases can result in reduced visual function and performance.
finally , visual deteriorations might also , secondarily , induce strained postures and musculoskeletal symptoms , pain and injury.
knowledge about how visual functions , light and ocular diseases is needed for work design and preventive actions.
uva contributes to the pathogenesis of skin aging by downregulation of procollagen i content and induction of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) -associated responses.
application of antioxidants such as lycopene has been demonstrated as a convenient way to achieve protection against skin aging.
remarkably , incubation with @number@ µm lycogen™ for @number@ h ameliorated uva-induced cell death and restored uva-induced downregulation of procollagen in a dose-related manner.
lycogen™ treatment also prevented the uva-induced mmp-1 upregulation and intracellular mda generation in hs68 cells.
activation of nfκb levels , one of the downstream events induced by uva irradiation and mmp-1 induction , were also prevented by lycogen™ administration.
the eukaryotic genome exists in vivo at an equimolar ratio with histones , thus forming a polymer composed of dna and histone proteins.
each nucleosomal unit in this polymer provides versatile capabilities and dynamic range.
ageing in man is associated with changes to the splicing factor pool.
dna methylation is known to be an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression.
we assessed age-associated methylation and expression levels for @number@ splicing factor genes , in peripheral blood samples from the inchianti study.
examination of splicing patterns at specific loci was examined in a second cohort , the exeter @number@ study.
27 / 502 methylation probes in @number@ different genes were associated with age.
we aimed to provide an overview of published studies on blood autoantibody markers for early detection of crc and to summarize their diagnostic performance.
a systematic literature search was performed in pubmed , isi web of knowledge and embase to find relevant studies published until @date@ .
relevant information , such as study population characteristics , autoantibodies studied , analytical methods and diagnostic performance characteristics was independently extracted by two reviewers.
overall , @number@ studies evaluating @number@ autoantibody markers were included.
most individual markers showed low sensitivity ( below @percent@ ) for detecting crc , along with high specificity close to @percent@.
occasionally reported higher sensitivities for specific antibodies are yet to be replicated in independent studies.
generally , more promising results were seen for combinations of multiple autoantibody markers.
but again , these promising results are yet to be replicated in other samples.
in conclusion , autoantibody signatures may become a promising approach to noninvasive crc screening.
optimized marker panels are yet to be developed , and promising results require validation in large screening populations.
human adult aging is associated with a loss of strength , contractile velocity and hence , power.
the principal plantar flexors , consisting of the bi-articular gastrocnemeii and the mono-articular soleus , appear to be affected differently by the aging process.
however , the age-related effect of knee joint angle on the torque-angular velocity relationship and power production of this functionally important muscle group is unknown.
for both knee angles , young men produced peak power at @number@.3±9.0% mvc , whereas the old men produced peak power at @number@.8±7.9% mvc.
marine foods , lean meats , fruit , medicinal garnishes and spices , tea , alcohol are also moderately consumed.
all these dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease , among other age-associated diseases.
the healthy fat intake is likely one mechanism for reducing inflammation , optimizing cholesterol , and other risk factors.
additionally , the lower caloric density of plant-rich diets results in lower caloric intake with concomitant high intake of phytonutrients and antioxidants.
other shared features include low glycemic load , less inflammation and oxidative stress , and potential modulation of aging-related biological pathways.
this may reduce risk for chronic age-associated diseases and promote healthy aging and longevity.
estrogen has a plethora of effects in the cardiovascular system.
studies of estrogen and the heart span human clinical trials and basic cell and molecular investigations.
greater understanding of cell and molecular responses to estrogens can provide further insights into the findings of clinical studies.
much remains to be learned in this area , but cellular distribution within the cardiovascular system is becoming clearer.
identification of gper as a third er has introduced further complexity to the system.
e2 protects the heart from ischemic injury in basic studies , but the picture is more involved in the whole organism and clinical studies.
here the complexity of e2's widespread effects comes into play and makes interpretation of findings more challenging.
thus more work is needed focusing on the effects of aging vs. estrogen loss on the cardiovascular system.
aging is a biological process characterized by the progressive functional decline of many interrelated physiological systems.
it is known that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) presents at an early age in people with down syndrome ( ds ) .
the trisomy @number@ in ds provides an opportunity to study the effect of duplicated genes in ad.
app and bace2 are @number@ genes located in chromosome @number@ and related to ad.
we looked into our cohort of @number@ ds cases with dementia for the effect of bace2 variants in age of onset of dementia.
of the @number@ single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , @number@ were associated with age of onset and another @number@ snps were borderline associated.
our finding also replicated a previous study showing association of rs2252576 with ad.
preservation of functional ability is a well-recognized marker of longevity.
moreover , for each gene analyzed in the pro-antioxidant pathway , we tested the influence on longitudinal survival.
moreover , we found that association between genetic variability in the pro-antioxidant pathway and functional status at old age is influenced by sex.
in males , a borderline statistically significant association with adl level was found for uqcrfs1 gene.
ghrelin regulates homeostatic food intake , hedonic eating , and is a mediator in the stress response.
in addition , ghrelin has metabolic , cardiovascular , and anti-aging effects.
confirming previous studies demonstrating lowered plasma ghrelin in obesity , ghrelin levels were lower in the obese compared with overweight women.
these relationships were non-significant among the obese group.
furthermore , ghrelin is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular health , and may have anti-aging effects , but these effects may be attenuated in obesity.
objective : several alterations of magnesium metabolism have been associated with type @number@ diabetes pathophysiology , a condition particularly frequent in older persons.
here , we exploit high quality rna from frozen sibm muscle biopsies for transcriptomic studies on tdp43-proteinopathy patient tissue.
surprisingly , we found widespread sibm-specific changes in the rna metabolism pathways themselves.
our data indicate widespread alterations of rna metabolism are a novel aspect of disease pathogenesis in sibm.
vascular aging is a chronic process , and many negative effects of obesity in this process have been well defined.
we assessed arterial stiffness in obese adolescents and evaluated the relationship between intra-abdominal fat distribution and arterial stiffness.
arterial stiffness parameters and pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) were evaluated in @number@ obese adolescents and @number@ healthy controls.
carotid-femoral pwv was calculated by arterial tonometry.
additionally , all obese children were evaluated for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
intra-abdominal fat distribution , including subcutaneous , preperitoneal and visceral fat thicknesses , was assessed by ultrasonography.
parameters affecting pwv were evaluated by regression analysis.
the only parameter associated with pwv was preperitoneal fat tissue thickness.
vascular changes related to obesity may begin in adolescence , as illustrated by the increased pwv.
preperitoneal fat tissue may be related to arterial stiffness.
intra-abdominal fat distributions obtained by ultrasonography may provide clinicians with valuable information needed to determine cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese adolescents.
elevated level of fluoride ( f ( - ) ) in drinking water is a well-recognized risk factor of dental fluorosis ( df ) .
dental examinations were conducted among @number@ inhabitants from @number@ randomly-selected households of @number@ rural communities of the ziway-shala lake basin of the main ethiopian rift.
df severity was evaluated using the thylstrup-fejerskov index ( tfi ) .
household surveys were performed and water samples were collected from community water sources.
about @percent@ of study participants consumed water from wells with f ( - ) levels above the who recommended standard of @number@.5mg / l.
more than @percent@ of the study population had df.
f ( - ) levels were a major factor associated with df.
we report serial dopamine transporter ( dat ) positron emission tomography ( pet ) scanning in a patient with parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the postpu is well known to be an initial region of dat decline and be severely affected throughout the illness.
results : our study gives information about the reference values in children between birth to @number@ years of age.
there were significant differences between measurements taken at rest and during the valsalva maneuver in all age groups.
the strength of the correlations decreased with increasing age.
pearson's correlation revealed that height had the strongest and weight had the weakest correlation with us measurements.
we examined the association between trajectories of the framingham general cardiovascular disease risk score ( frs ) over midlife and motor function later in life.
motor function was assessed in 2007-2009 through objective tests ( walking speed , chair rises , balance , finger tapping , grip strength ) .
we used age- and sex-adjusted linear mixed models.
no association was found with finger tapping and grip strength.
conclusions : cardiovascular risk early in midlife is associated with poor motor performances later in life.
data were collected through interviews with @number@ home care staff of a large home care organization in ontario , canada.
interviews were transcribed , coded , and a thematic analysis was conducted using a qualitative software package.
we recommend policy-makers consider appropriate compensation to assist psws in effectively executing shifted tasks.
limited plantar flexor strength and hip extension range of motion ( rom ) in older adults are believed to underlie common age-related differences in gait.
however , no studies of age-related differences in gait have quantified the percentage of strength and rom used during gait.
older adults lacked sufficient hip extension rom to walk with a hip extension angle as large as that of young adults.
similarly , in the fast gait condition older adults lacked the strength to match the plantar flexor torque produced by young adults.
this supports the hypothesis that hip extension rom and plantar flexor strength are limiting factors in gait and contribute to age-related differences in gait.
background : postural instability ( pi ) in parkinson's disease ( pd ) is associated with depression and apathy based on updrs scores.
we sought to examine the link using more objective pi measures.
methods : demographic , clinical , depression and apathy data were recorded for pd patients prospectively recruited from an outpatient university movement disorders clinic.
pi was objectively evaluated using the standing center of pressure sway area.
results : thirty-seven pd patients participated in the study.
bivariate analysis revealed that pi was significantly correlated to both apathy ( p = 0.018 ) and depression ( p = 0.014 ) .
hierarchical regression revealed that apathy significantly predicted pi but depression did not significantly add to the prediction.
also , depression did not significantly predict pi and the addition of apathy did not increase this prediction.
conclusion : apathy and depression are both associated with objective measures of pi , and apathy appears a stronger predictor of pi than depression.
concomitant improvement in pi may be important to consider when measuring apathy or depression interventions in pd.
this study was designed to investigate changes in fundamental frequency ( f0 ) across the life span in persian speakers.
f0 was analyzed using the software praat ( version @date@ . ) .
these findings provide new data for persian-speaking children , women , and men and could be beneficial for iranian speech and language pathologists.
the molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) remains poorly understood.
we observed progressive downregulation of cb and camki rna in laser-captured bfcn in the normal-aged-ad continuum.
we also detected progressive loss of cb , camkiδ , and gap43 proteins in bf homogenates in aging and ad.
overactivation of μ-calpain was confirmed using proteolytic fragments of its substrate spectrin.
substantial age- and ad-related alterations in ca ( 2 + ) -sensing proteins most likely contribute to selective vulnerability of bfcn to degeneration in ad.
in this study , we hypothesized that decreasing levels of nutrients would be associated with decreased hemagglutination inhibition ( hai ) responses to influenza vaccination.
participants received trivalent influenza vaccine and donated blood samples before and @number@ to @number@ days after vaccination.
prevaccination levels of serum retinol , α-tocopherol , and zinc as well as prevaccination and postvaccination hai titer levels were measured.
no participants were vitamin a or vitamin e deficient ; @percent@ had low serum zinc levels ( < 70 μg / dl ) .
thus , associations between micronutrients and other measures of vaccine response , such as cell-mediated immune parameters , should also be explored.
sarcopenia , a newly recognized geriatric syndrome , is characterized by age-related decline of skeletal muscle plus low muscle strength and / or physical performance.
despite the clinical significance of sarcopenia , the operational definition of sarcopenia and standardized intervention programs are still lacking.
however , a number of challenges remained to be solved in the future.
asia is made up of a great number of ethnicities.
background : the increasing incidence of hip fractures in our aging population challenges orthopedic surgeons and hospital administrators to effectively care for these patients.
many patients present to regional hospitals and are transferred to tertiary care centres for surgical management , resulting in long delays to surgery.
providing timely care may improve outcomes , as delay carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
we compared quality indicators and outcomes between patients transferred from a peripheral hospital and those directly admitted to the trauma centre.
transfer patients ' median delay from admission to operation was @number@ hours , whereas nontransfer patients waited @number@ hours ( p < @number@ ) .
the delay predominantly occurred before transfer , as the patients had to wait for a bed to become available at the trauma centre.
conclusion : policy changes can have a significant impact on patient care.
prioritizing patients and expediting transfer will decrease overall mortality , reduce hospital stay and reduce the cost of hip fracture care.
clients in residential settings are increasingly likely to have complex problems.
a total of @number@ persons were trained.
an evaluation indicated that training significantly improved knowledge and that trainees were highly satisfied with the training.
by combining practical knowledge and active learning strategies to work through real-life scenarios , the kupuna adult care home project is a promising training model.
objective : to histologically analyze chronologic and quantitative change in collagens after mrf treatment to determine the mechanisms of the antiaging effect.
methods : five patients were enrolled in this study.
skin specimens were taken before and @number@ and @number@ months after treatment.
immunostaining was performed to determine change in type i and iii collagen levels and stem and other cell counts in skin layers.
no significant change was noticed in stem and other cell counts.
conclusions : this study histologically demonstrated that type i and iii collagen increased significantly in the dermis after mrf treatment.
the amount of stem cells did not affect the increase in collagens.
background : body composition changes with ageing can influence the adiponectin concentration.
however , the component of body composition that is associated with adiponectin concentrations in older adults remains unclear.
body composition ( assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ; dxa ) , anthropometric parameters and adiponectin were obtained from all participants.
age , albumin , testosterone concentration and metabolic parameters were considered as confounding factors.
results : in correlation analysis , age was positively associated with adiponectin in males ( p < @number@ ) , but not in females.
testosterone and leg bone mineral content were negatively associated with adiponectin in females ( p < @number@ ) .
the waist / height ratio and bone mineral content were not associated with adiponectin in either gender.
conclusion : plasma adiponectin levels correlated negatively with body fat percentage in older males but not in older females.
the differential results between older males and females suggest that certain gender-specific mechanisms may affect the association between adiponectin and age-related body composition changes.
introduction : preliminary evidence suggests that hypercholesterolemia is associated to an increased risk to develop hypertension.
objectives : intrusive thoughts and images are common across the adult lifespan , but vary in their consequences.
understanding age-related experiences with intrusive thoughts is important for identifying risk and protective factors for intrusive thought problems across the adult lifespan.
this study characterized age trajectories for six aspects of experiences with intrusive thoughts using internet data collection.
multilevel modeling and generalized estimating equations modeled the continuous relationships between age and each dependent variable.
results : as expected , older age was associated with less decline in positive affect while engaging with an intrusive thought.
interestingly , older age was also associated with a sharper rise and fall of negative affect.
suppression effort increased linearly with age ( though perceived difficulty did not ) .
conclusion : these findings suggest a dissociation between age-related changes in emotional versus cognitive characteristics of engaging with intrusive thoughts.
exercise mode and intensity / duration are important factors for influencing muscle morphology and function as well as bone.
thigh sm was estimated from an ultrasound-derived prediction equation using muscle thickness ( mth ) .
appendicular lean mass ( alm ) and abmd were also estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
maximum straight and zigzag walking times were also similar between groups.
our results suggest that appendicular as well as site-specific thigh muscle loss with aging were not observed in masters cyclists.
this maintenance of muscle mass in masters cyclists may preserve walking performance to similar levels as moderately active young adults.
however , long-term cycling does not preserve femoral neck abmd.
the short-time action of weightlessness and relatively weak hypergravity ( < or = 2g ) do not affect oa.
each nucleosome is a highly stable unit , being maintained by over @number@ direct protein-dna interactions and several hundred water mediated ones.
here we present the current mechanistic understanding of this process and the evidence for profound changes in chromatin dynamics during aging.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : histone chaperones and chromatin assembly.
two classical tumor suppressors , p53 and prb , control cell cycle arrest associated with senescence.
profound molecular changes occur in cells undergoing senescence.
at the level of chromatin , for example , senescence associated heterochromatic foci ( sahf ) form in some cell types.
chromatin is inherently dynamic and likely needs to be actively maintained to achieve a stable cell phenotype.
in proliferating cells chromatin is maintained in conjunction with dna replication , but how non-proliferating cells maintain chromatin structure is poorly understood.
here , we discuss options available for senescent cells to maintain chromatin structure and the relative contribution of histone variants and chaperones in this process.
this article is part ofa special issue entitled : histone chaperones and chromatin assembly.
due to its extensive length , dna is packaged into a protective chromatin structure known as the nucleosome.
the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes is dependent on the function of histone modifiers , chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones.
in this review , we discuss the roles of an evolutionarily conserved histone chaperone known as the hir / hira complex.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : histone chaperones and chromatin assembly.
we sought to assess accuracy of a volumetric method , designed to measure wmh in ais subjects as compared to the previously validated protocol.
t2 flair axial images were analyzed using the ais wmh volumetric , protocol and compared with the aric ( gold standard ) method.
pearson correlation coefficients , linear , concordance correlation coefficient , and blant altman procedures were used to assess measurement , agreements between the two procedures.
conclusions : estimates of mr-detectable wmh burden using a volumetric protocol designed for , analysis of clinical scans correlate strongly with gold standard measurements.
these findings will , facilitate future studies of wmh in normal aging and in patients with stroke and other cerebrovascular , disease.
aims : to further investigate the antineuroblastoma effect of rutin which is a type of flavonoid.
chemotaxis of lan-5 cells was assessed using transwell migration chambers and scratch wound migration assay.
the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner was measured by flow cytometric and fluorescent microscopy analyses.
the apoptosis-related proteins bax and bcl2 as well as mycn mrna express were determined by rt-pcr analysis.
secreted tnf- α level were determined using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
results : rutin significantly inhibited the growth of lan-5 cells and chemotactic ability.
flow cytometric analysis revealed that rutin induced g2 / m arrest in the cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis.
the rt-pcr showed that rutin could decrease bcl2 expression and bcl2 / bax ratio.
in the meantime , the mycn mrna level and the secretion of tnf- α were inhibited.
memory is an important capacity needed for survival in a changing environment , and its principles are shared across species.
we present evidence in healthy populations for sex differences-females outperforming in verbal and face memory , and age effects-slowed memory processes with age.
we then describe deficits associated with schizophrenia.
impairment in schizophrenia is more severe in patients with negative symptoms-especially flat affect-who also show deficits in measures of social cognition.
this evidence implicates medial temporal and frontal regions in schizophrenia.
cutis laxa ( cl ) is a connective tissue disorder , characterized by loose , inelastic , sagging skin.
both acquired and inherited ( dominant , recessive , and x-linked ) forms exist.
here , we describe a new phenotype , which overlaps with other known cl syndromes.
mutation analysis of known cl genes was negative.
background : benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) and lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) are conditions extremely prevalent in the aging male.
although androgens are involved in prostate growth during developmental age , their role in the pathogenesis of bph / luts is debated.
recent data indicate that low testosterone and high estradiol favor disease progression.
in addition , the role of other determinants , such as metabolic syndrome or prostate inflammation , is emerging.
aim : we reviewed the evidence regarding the pathogenesis of bph / luts with particular attention to metabolic influence.
materials and methods : a review of published evidence was performed using medline.
results : available evidence shows that a three-hit hypothesis can be drawn.
hypogonadism and / or hyperestrogenism could act as a third hit , favoring the maintenance of this inflammatory state.
the mechanical obstruction , along with the direct action of the unfavorable metabolic and hormonal milieu on the bladder neck , helps in generating luts.
conclusion : inflammation , dyslipidemia and altered sex-steroid milieu mutually concur in determining bph / luts.
however , the effect of lifelong exercise dose on metabolic and hemodynamic response during exercise has not been previously examined.
doppler ultrasound measures of lv diastolic filling were assessed at rest and during lv loading ( saline infusion ) to simulate increased lv filling.
body composition , total blood volume , and heart rate recovery after maximal exercise were also examined.
vo2max increased in a dose-dependent manner ( p < @number@ ) .
doppler measures of lv filling were not enhanced at any condition , irrespective of lifelong exercise frequency.
objective : atherosclerosis begins early in life and obesity is a key determinant.
we investigated the role of body mass index ( bmi ) and height from infancy to adulthood in presenting with high adulthood carotid intima-media thickness.
confounding by early-life environments , mediating by body size and cardiometabolic measures at @number@ to @number@ years , and effect modification were investigated.
the childhood estimates were robust , but the estimate for bmi at @number@ years was attenuated by adjustment for bmi at @number@ to @number@ years.
the protective influence of greater early childhood height was strongest in those with the lowest systolic blood pressure at @number@ to @number@ years.
in women , there was no pattern of association and all confidence intervals crossed @number@
the maintenance of healthy weight in men from adolescence onward may be a useful strategy to avoid the atherosclerotic complications of adiposity tracking.
proteomics may have enabled the root cause of a major human-blinding condition , age-related cataract , to be established.
proteomic analysis , using ms , revealed that the most abundant posttranslational modification of aged lens proteins is racemization.
we studied @number@ participants of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam.
as measures of physical functioning , handgrip strength , physical performance , and level of physical activity were assessed.
in addition , fracture incidence over @number@ years was assessed.
in women , a moderate level of physical activity was related to reduced fracture risk ( hr @number@ @number@ % ci @number@.33-0.99 ) .
these measurements may contribute to the identification of individuals at high fracture risk.
both the causality of and explanations for gender-specific differences in these relationships remain subject to further studies.
we set out to determine the characteristics and study objectives of current clinical trials in hematological patients.
trial characteristics and study objectives were extracted from the registry website.
background : autogenous osteochondral grafting has been widely performed as a treatment for focal osteochondral defects.
study design : descriptive laboratory study.
methods : the donor and recipient sites in @number@ cadaveric knees were examined , and each of the sites was divided into @number@ areas.
in the donor sites , the contours of the articular surface of the medial and lateral femoral trochleae were determined.
in the recipient sites , the contours of the articular surface of the medial and lateral femoral condyles were assessed.
vertical intervals ( vis ) were then calculated as the parameter for the height of the articular surface.
for the recipient site , the vis of the anterior area of the femoral condyle were significantly smaller than those of the posterior area.
clinical relevance : this study will be useful for improving donor site selection during preoperative planning.
a cystatin c variant associated with increased risk of developing amd and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) presents reduced secretion levels from rpe.
methods : confluent monolayers of human fetal rpe ( hfrpe ) cells were cultured using an in vitro model mimicking extracellular age accumulation.
cystatin c expression , secretion , and its polarity were analyzed following culture on age-containing brm mimics ( aged versus non-aged ) .
monolayer barrier properties were assessed by transepithelial resistance measurements.
the relative level of cystatin c protein expression in human rpe in situ was assessed immunohistochemically in relation to age.
results : advanced glycation end product-exposed rpe monolayers presented significantly decreased cystatin c expression and secretion.
basolateral secretion was fully established by week @number@ in non-aged conditions.
in aged cultures , polarity of secretion was impaired despite maintenance of physiological barrier properties of the monolayer.
in the macula region of rpe / choroid segments from human eyes , the level of cystatin c protein was reduced with increasing donor age.
conclusions : exposure to ages reduces expression of cystatin c and affects its normal secretion in cultured rpe.
age-related changes of cystatin c in the rpe from the posterior pole may compromise its extracellular functions , potentially contributing to amd pathogenesis.
results : a total of @number@ medicare-eligible incident dialysis patients were studied.
during a median follow-up of @number@ months , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients sustained a hemorrhagic stroke.
however , after adjustment for race and ethnicity , no states had arrs that varied significantly from @number@
klotho is a transmembrane protein expressed primarily in kidney , parathyroid gland , and choroid plexus.
the extracellular domain could be cleaved off and released into the systemic circulation.
klotho is in part effective as β-glucuronidase regulating protein stability in the cell membrane.
klotho is a major determinant of aging and life span.overexpression of klotho increases and klotho deficiency decreases life span.
klotho deficiency may further result in hearing loss and cardiac arrhythmia.
to this end , crna encoding kcnq1 / kcne1 was injected in xenopus oocytes with or without additional injection of crna encoding klotho.
kcnq1 / kcne1 expressing oocytes were treated with human recombinant klotho protein ( @number@ ng / ml ) for @number@ h.
kcnq1 / kcne1 channel activity and kcnq1 / kcne1 protein abundance were upregulated by coexpression of klotho.
this indicates that gstp1-1's traf2-binding region involves the gsh-binding site.
we also analyzed gstp1-1's association with traf2 at the cellular level.
the traf2-gstp1-1 complex was constitutively present in u-2os cells , but strongly decreased in s , g2 and m phases.
thus the interaction appears regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
moreover , gsh's intracellular content was so high that it always saturated gstp1-1.
androgens have potent anabolic effects on skeletal muscle and decline with age in parallel to losses in muscle mass and strength.
background : older adults report preservation of functional independence as one of the most important constructs of successful ageing.
vascular risk factors may increase the risk of functional impairment due to clinical and subclinical vascular disease.
objective : to describe the association between vascular risk factors and impaired ability to perform daily living activities , independent of established cardiovascular disease.
methods : we conducted an analysis of the clarity cohort , which is a cross-sectional study of @number@ community-dwelling irish adults.
of the total cohort , @number@ completed standardized self-reported health questionnaires , which included questions on activities of daily living.
functional impairment was defined as self-reported impairment in self-care , mobility or household tasks.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ of the cohort were aged over @number@ and @percent@ were male.
conclusions : independent of established cardiovascular disease , some vascular risk factors are associated with functional impairment.
modification of these risk factors is expected to have a large impact on preservation of functional independence through prevention of overt and covert vascular disease.
nevertheless , there is no established conclusion on the way aging affects phase-locking measures of assrs in healthy subjects.
we aimed to identify the effects of aging on phaselocking measures of @number@ hz assr.
the effect of aging was tested in a sample of @number@ healthy male subjects ( 20-58 years old ) during eyes open condition.
stimuli were @number@ ms trains , consisting of @number@ identical clicks ( @number@ ms burst of white noise ) delivered binaurally.
time-frequency analysis of the data was performed and phase-locking index , evoked amplitude and total intensity measures were extracted and decomposed by non-negative multi-way factorization.
as shown by curve-fitting analyses , phase-locking index and evoked amplitudes were diminishing with age in the linear manner.
this was also proven by anova testing when sample was divided into age groups.
no effect of age on the total intensity was found.
this should be taken into account , particularly when assrs are used in clinical practice , comparing patients and healthy subjects.
therefore , there is significant merit in better understanding the biology of sarcopenia and developing therapeutic interventions to prevent , slow or reverse its progression.
as centenarians well represent the model of healthy aging , there are many important implications in revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms behind such successful aging.
by combining nmr metabonomics and shot-gun lipidomics in serum we analyzed metabolome and lipidome composition of a group of centenarians with respect to elderly individuals.
shot- gun lipidomics approach displays unique changes in lipids biosynthesis in centenarians , with @number@ differently abundant lipid species with respect to elderly subjects.
these findings reveal phospho / sphingolipids as putative markers and biological modulators of healthy aging , in humans.
we evaluated leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) , a marker of cellular aging , in hiv-infected and uninfected adults.
methods : clinical data and blood were collected from children and women : antiretrovirals and the mechanism of aging ( carma ) cohort study participants.
variables found to be important in univariate analysis were multivariate model candidates.
results : of the @number@ hiv-infected and @number@ hiv-uninfected participants , @percent@ were women , and @percent@ were current / previous smokers.
an interaction was detected , whereby smoking was associated with shorter ltl in hiv-uninfected subjects only.
among those , age and smoking ( p ≤ @number@ ) were related to shorter ltl.
conclusions : our results suggest that acquisition of hiv and viral load are primarily responsible for the association between hiv-positive status and shorter ltl.
smoking effects on ltl appear masked by hiv , and hcv infection may accelerate ltl shortening , particularly in coinfected individuals.
the effect of early therapeutic intervention on ltl in hiv and hcv infections should be evaluated.
bradykinesia is a cardinal symptom of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the regularity of movement in individuals with pd , and the effect of dopaminergic medication.
nine subjects with pd and eight controls performed wrist flexion / extension movements at maximal velocity and range of motion.
subjects with pd were tested under two medication conditions.
approximate entropy ( apen ) was calculated to assess the regularity of the movement , with the smaller value associated with the greater regularity.
data revealed that subjects with pd had lower apen values than controls.
medication did not alter the apen values.
background : there are many approaches to evaluating aging-in-place technologies.
results : this review highlights that a single evaluation method often is not adequate for understanding why people adopt icts for aging in place.
the review ends with two examples of multifaceted evaluations attempting to get at these deeper issues.
conclusion : there is no proscriptive formula for evaluating the intricate nuances of technology acceptance and use in the aging-in-place context.
researchers should carefully examine a wide range of evaluation techniques to select those that will provide the richest insights for their particular project.
objectives : blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) , particularly ω3-pufas were known for cardiovascular protective effect.
however , the results are still controversial.
we aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid pufas with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional / experimental studies.
experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) .
under lps-induced stress condition , la and dha significantly suppressed vsmc proliferation.
dha also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and erk , and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of nf-κb-p65 in vsmcs.
conclusion : aa and dha were mainly associated with cardiometabolic risk.
particularly , dha may be effective on suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation.
aim : to investigate and characterize the effect of age on apparent diffusion coefficient ( adc ) values in normal spleen.
results : a reduction of adc values with ageing was found in the spleen ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the adc values of the spleen decline with age.
this should be taken into consideration when disease is diagnosed.
auxology ( greek αυξω - i let grow ) is the science of human growth and development.
significant public interest focuses on questions like : how does my child grow ?
how did our ancestors grow ?
how do other people around the world grow ?
are there advantages to being tall and disadvantages to being short ?
am i too fat ?
and many questions are related to the treatment of growth failure.
robust evidence across cohort studies , using standardised measures within a clear conceptual framework , will benefit policy and practice to promote healthy ageing.
materials and methods : asymptomatic men underwent a health check-up program between january and @date@ .
results : a total of @number@ asymptomatic men were included in this study.
the average age was @number@ years and average maximum flow rate was @number@ ml / s.
out of @number@ men , @number@ had ipss less than @number@ and qmax less than @number@ ml / s.
conclusions : in asymptomatic men there is a weak correlation between ipss , prostate size and uroflowmetric data.
the establishment of different normal cutoffs seems to be complicated and uroflowmetry data should be interpreted with caution in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
the number of americans aging with disabilities will grow substantially in coming decades.
as these investigations move forward , bridging the divide between approaches addressing elderly individuals versus persons with disabilities will be critical.
the evidence base regarding the demography of aging with disabilities in the us is growing yet substantial gaps remain.
bridging these gaps is crucial for enhancing understanding of this understudied population.
generating the investment in bridging aging and disability research across stakeholder group , including researchers and funders , is vital for these efforts.
substantial improvements have occurred in the longevity of several groups of individuals with early-onset disabilities , with many now surviving to advanced ages.
this paper estimates the population of adults aging with early-onset disabilities at 12-15 million persons.
supported decision-making is increasingly being promoted as an alternative to guardianship for persons aging with intellectual disabilities.
to evaluate the empirical support for these claims , we reviewed the evidence base on supported decision-making.
we therefore suggest several key areas for future research.
yet , issues of access and usability remain to be solved for their usefulness to be fully realized.
new cohorts aging with disabilities will have more resources and more experience with integrated technologies than current elders.
two reviewers extracted data.
results : the disability review identified @number@ studies and three main types of interventions : exercise , multi-component , and health screens.
use of universal design principles could enable greater inclusion of people with disabilities in health promotion interventions for the general aging population.
disability is defined according to repeated measures of work limitations in prime working years.
clinical observations suggested that gamma-hydroxybutyrate ( ghb ) protects nerve cells against death but the direct proofs are missing.
here , we combined several approaches to investigate ghb capacity to protect human neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells against hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) -induced death.
ghb efficiently and dose-dependently rescued native and genetically modified cells from h2o2-induced death.
purpose : the aim of the study was the presentation of osteoporotic fracture prediction in men.
methods : eight-hundred and one men at the mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years were examined.
the 10-year fracture prediction was established , using the frax calculator and garvan nomogram.
results : the mean value for any fracture and hip fracture probabilities for frax were @number@ ± @percent@ and @number@ ± @percent@ , respectively.
for garvan fracture , risk values were @number@ ± @percent@ and @time@ ± @percent@.
the auc values for hip fractures were @number@ for garvan nomogram and for @number@ frax , and did not differ.
on the base of roc data , the cut-off values with best accuracy to predict fractures for both methods were established.
this may suggest that the use of \ "universal \ " cut-off points is probably misleading.
background : the white blood cell ( wbc ) count was one of the first inflammatory markers associated with metabolic syndrome ( mets ) .
recently , two longitudinal studies have demonstrated a cause and effect relationship between mets and wbc counts among middle-aged adults.
however , no study has used wbc cutoff values to predict mets in the elderly.
methods : subjects who underwent routine health checkups , and were above @number@ years of age , were enrolled.
all subjects were followed-up until they developed mets or until @number@ years from the date of entry , whichever came earlier.
of the @number@ subjects eligible for enrollment , @number@ subjects comprised the study group and @number@ subjects comprised the validation group.
results : wbc counts were significantly different between subjects with and without mets in both genders.
using these wbc cutoff values , the hazard ratio ( hr ) for females was significant in both the study group and validation group.
however , the hr for males failed significance in the validation group.
kaplan-meier plots and κ coefficients confirmed that the wbc cutoff value could predict development of mets in women but not in men.
conclusions : the association between wbc count and mets was gender specific.
a wbc cutoff value greater than @number@ 10 ( @number@ ) / µl may predict the development of mets in elderly women.
word naming times and psycholinguistic norms for italian nouns.
word naming in spanish.
european journal of cognitive psychology , @number@ 415-436 ] .
we examined this cross-linguistic difference , firstly , through a reanalysis of the italian and spanish reading latencies.
we found frequency effects but neither an aoa effect nor a language by aoa interaction.
we argue that the previously reported cross-linguistic difference in the aoa effect resulted from a between-study difference in stimulus imageability.
more imageable words induced more semantic involvement in reading , yielding an aoa effect in spanish.
we examined the antiobesity and antioxidant effects of supplementation with doenjang , a fermented soybean paste , in overweight koreans with the ppar-γ2 c1431t polymorphism.
sixty overweight subjects were randomly assigned to consume either @number@ g / day of doenjang or placebo for @number@ weeks.
before and after the intervention , anthropometric and metabolic parameters , along with abdominal fat distribution and ppar-γ2 polymorphisms , were measured.
fifty-one subjects completed the study , doenjang ( n = 26 ) and placebo ( n = 25 ) groups.
plasma free fatty acid , insulin , and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) levels were also significantly increased in the doenjang group.
doenjang pills significantly activated radical clearance capacity ( orac and dna tail length ) in subjects with the c allele.
doenjang-treated subjects tended to have low dietary carbohydrate and sodium intakes compared with those given placebo.
we found that doenjang supplementation decreased visceral fat accumulation and aging most effectively in subjects with ppar-γ polymorphisms.
this study suggests that doenjang has antiobesity and antioxidative effects in overweight individuals with mutant alleles of ppar-γ2.
those with higher levels of filial satisfaction and more favorable perceptions of neighborhood safety were likely to have positive ratings of srmh.
hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is a rare , uniformly fatal , premature aging disease with distinct dermatologic features.
we sought to identify and describe the initial skin and hair findings as potential diagnostic signs of the disease.
all @number@ patients reported skin and hair abnormalities within the first @number@ months of life.
pathologies included sclerodermoid change , prominent superficial veins , dyspigmentation , and alopecia.
the mean age of presentation for each finding was < 12 months.
the most frequently reported skin feature was sclerodermoid change , which commonly involved the abdomen and bilateral lower extremities.
prominent superficial vasculature manifested as circumoral cyanosis and pronounced veins on the scalp and body.
hypo- and hyperpigmentation were observed over areas of sclerodermoid change.
scalp alopecia progressed in a distinct pattern , with preservation of the hair over the midscalp and vertex areas for the longest period of time.
hgps has distinct cutaneous manifestations during the first @number@ years of life that may be the first signs of disease.
awareness of these findings could expedite diagnosis.
methods : cognitively normal , amci and ad cantonese-speaking chinese older adults were recruited from a memory clinic and the community.
the english moca was translated into cantonese chinese and then back-translated.
we then evaluated the content validity , reliability , sensitivity and specificity of the chinese cantonese moca.
results : we recruited @number@ cognitively normal controls , @number@ amci and @number@ ad patients.
only education was positively correlated with the cantonese moca score ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the chinese cantonese moca had a high internal consistency with a cronbach's alpha of @number@
in the test-retest reliability assessment , the intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) was @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the icc for the interrater reliability was @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the optimal cut-off score for detection of amci was 22 / 23 , which yielded a sensitivity and specificity of @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the optimal cut-off score for detection of ad was 19 / 20 , which gave sensitivity and specificity of @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : the cantonese chinese moca is a consistent and reliable instrument.
in terms of its validity , the moca is better in the detection of ad than amci in cantonese-speaking chinese persons.
it is only fair for the screening of amci.
participants were classified into two groups based on whether they had previously experienced suicidal thoughts.
restricted activity was related to chronic conditions , such as cardiovascular diseases , cerebrovascular accident and so on.
we analyzed the data using student's t-test or χ ( @number@ ) -test.
results : the proportion of participants with si population was @percent@.
people with si reported a significantly higher proportion of restrictive activity ( @percent@ ) than those who did not have si ( @percent@ ) .
in particular , women who lived alone showed high adjusted or ( @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
the issue deals with the actual problem of gerontology , notably physiological features of human skin ageing.
the main results of the study of the ageing changes of skin blood perfusion using this method has been also presented.
introduction : a d-dimer ( dd ) test improves the diagnosis of pe ( pe ) when combined with clinical scores.
however , as dd levels increase physiologically with age , this testing has less specificity in older patients.
douma et al.
( @number@ ) . proposed the use of an age adjusted dd cut-off to increase the specificity of this test.
results : pe was confirmed in @number@ cases.
patients were clinically assessed with the revised geneva scores.
conclusions : in this age group , the specificity of adc was found superior to that of the cdc.
the clinical use of the adc might be associated with less useless diagnosis procedures , without significant increase in rate of diagnosis failure.
menopause is a key point moment in the specific aging process of women.
it represents a universal evolution in life.
its initiation is defined by a 12-month amenorrhea following the ultimate menstrual period.
it encompasses a series of different biologic and physiologic characteristics.
this period of life appears to spot a decline in a series of skin functional performances initiating tissue atrophy , withering , and slackness.
any part of the skin is possibly altered , including the epidermis , dermis , hypodermis , and hair follicles.
hormone replacement therapy ( oral and nonoral ) and transdermal estrogen therapy represent possible specific managements for women engaged in the climacteric phase.
skin ageing and gender influences on the scalp have been seldom studied.
we revisited the changes in the interfollicular scalp.
the study was performed on a population of @number@ volunteers ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) for over @number@ years.
three age groups were selected in both genders , namely , subjects aged 20-35 , 50-60 , and 60-70 years.
the hair status was further considered according to nonalopecic and alopecic patterns and severity ( discrete , moderate , and severe ) .
biopsies from the parietal area were processed for immunohistochemistry.
stromal cells were distinguished according to the presence of vimentin , factor xiiia , cd117 , and versican.
blood and lymphatic vessels were highlighted by ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 and human podoplanin immunoreactivities , respectively.
actinic elastosis was identified by the lysozyme coating of elastic fibres.
the epidermis was explored using the cd44 variant @number@ and ki67 immunolabellings.
biplot analyses were performed.
immunohistochemistry revealed a prominent gender effect in young adults.
both factor xiiia + dermal dendrocytes and the microvasculature size decreased with scalp ageing.
alopecia changes mimicked stress-induced premature senescence.
aging is associated with a tissue degeneration phenotype marked by a loss of tissue regenerative capacity.
regenerative capacity is dictated by environmental and genetic factors that govern the balance between damage and repair.
a well-established marker of the aging process is the length of the protective cap at the ends of chromosomes , called telomeres.
telomeres shorten with each cell division and with increasing chronological age and short telomeres have been associated with a range of age-related diseases.
however , accumulating evidence has implicated the pathogenesis of several human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders related to increased oxidative stress.
under pathological conditions , increasing ros production can regulate the expression of diverse inflammatory mediators during brain injury.
to date , the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the expression of target proteins regulated by these factors are elusive.
an extensive body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the degenerative changes of systemic tissues in aging.
however a comparatively limited amount of data is available to verify whether these processes also contribute to normal aging within the brain.
csf was collected from consenting patients who required a spinal tap for the administration of anesthetic.
further analysis of the data identified a relationship between alcohol intake and csf [ nad ( h ) ] and markers of inflammation.
methods : a sample of @number@ individuals ( @number@ women ) aged 20-85 years performed an exercise test on a treadmill until exhaustion.
results : eight hundred and four healthy participants ( @percent@ ) fulfilled the exercise test until voluntary exhaustion.
a blood lactate concentration ≥8.0 mmol•l ( @number@ ) excluded @percent@ of the participants in the 50-85-year-old cohort.
conclusions : a range of typical end criteria are presented in a random sample of subjects aged 20-85 years.
the choice of end criteria will have an impact on the number of the participants as well as the vo2max outcome.
suggestions for new recommendations are given.
blood samples were obtained in a dutch cross sectional observational study from symptomatic pertussis cases.
lymphocyte subpopulations were phenotyped by flowcytometry before and after culture.
bp antigen specific igg concentrations in plasma were determined using multiplex technology.
significantly lower levels were observed thereafter.
waning of cellular and humoral immunity to maintenance levels occurred within @number@ months after antigen encounter.
this age effect was less obvious for specific igg levels.
nonetheless , subjects ' levels of specific bmem cells and specific igg were weakly correlated.
during the dna damage response ( ddr ) , ubiquitination plays an important role in the recruitment and regulation of repair proteins.
however , little is known about elimination of the ubiquitination signal after repair is completed.
usp5 co-localizes to dsbs induced by laser micro-irradiation in a rad18-dependent manner.
importantly , polyubiquitin chains at sites of dna damage remained for longer periods in usp5-depleted cells.
our results show that disassembly of polyubiquitin chains by usp5 at sites of damage is important for efficient dsb repair.
obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease , and its prevalence among the elderly is increasing.
after a median follow-up period of @number@ years , bfp was significantly higher than that at the start point ( p < 0.05 ) .
participants who had the largest increase in bfp had the highest bmi and waist circumference ( wc ) ( p < 0.001 ) .
the lowest tertile had the lowest triglyceride and highest high-density lipoprotein levels ( p < 0.05 ) .
several aspects of chronologic and biologic aging in the human choroid are reviewed from the literature.
on reinterpreting some data of studies concerning bruch's membrane , changes observed at different age points seem more likely to be nonlinear.
concluding from the data presented so far , chronologic aging should not be used as a factor for physiological changes in the human choroid.
longitudinal study designs are necessary to further establish the impact of age.
this would help to define more individual strategies for prevention and early stages of a certain defined disease.
background : age-related decrease in bone marrow erythropoietic capacity is often accompanied by the telomere length shortening in peripheral white blood cells.
however , limited and conflicting data hamper the conclusive opinion regarding this relationship.
material and methods : the substudy included @number@ of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years or over , participants of the population-based polsenior study.
high-molecular-weight dna was isolated from blood mononuclear cells.
telomere length ( tl ) was measured by qrt-pcr as abundance of telomere template versus a single gene copy encoding acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein p0.
the multiple regression analysis models confirmed a weak , independent contribution of tl to both rbc and wbc.
conclusions : in the elderly , telomere shortening limits hematopoiesis capacity to a very limited extent.
this group is known as the young elderly.
smoking and stress are risk factors for periodontitis that are common and shared between young , adult , and older age.
diabetes mellitus , obesity , and osteoporosis are very frequent pathological situations in older age.
they have been identified as cofactors in the progression of periodontitis.
both groups were treated for twelve sessions , @number@ minutes per session , for @number@ weeks ( two sessions per week ) .
the between-group difference in the r2-r1 of the elbow joint after the 6-week treatment was statistically significant.
conclusion : combining the 6-week ea and standard rehabilitation treatment reduced the spasticity of the elbow for chronic stroke survivors.
however , no significant effect was observed in the spasticity of the wrist joints.
the choice of acupoints and the frequency of ea have to be taken into account to achieve a positive treatment effect.
the correlation between acupoints and motor points provides a model of acupoint selection to improve spasticity.
materials and methods : clinical records were retrospectively reviewed of @number@ eyes that underwent intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for exudative amd.
patients were divided into two groups according to their symptom duration : group @number@ < 1 month ; and group @number@ 1-3 months.
after three monthly injections , patients were examined monthly , and subsequent injections were performed as needed.
results : there were @number@ female ( @percent@ ) and @number@ males ( @percent@ ) .
the follow-up time was @number@.7±1.9 ( 12-19 ) months.
the increase in bcva was statistically significant in group @number@ ( p = 0.009 ) .
the decrease in crt was statistically significant in group @number@ ( p = 0.001 ) .
conclusion : intravitreal ranibizumab therapy was effective in significantly increasing mean bvca and reducing crt.
shorter duration of amd , as measured by the subjective duration of visual symptoms , is associated with better visual outcome after treatment.
this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative exercise program on muscle strength , balance , and gait kinematics in elderly community-dwellers.
the exercise program included strength and balance training and the 8-form tai chi chuan.
fifty-six community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years old were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group.
no statistical improvements were seen in the control group.
the star excursion balance test could be a sensitive measure of physical performance for fall risk assessment in older people.
objective : the interaction between dementia and nutritional state is very complex and not yet fully understood.
methods : one hundred seventy-four subjects ( @number@ female and @number@ male ) were admitted to the long-term-care anaste calabria study.
all patients underwent multidimensional geriatric assessment.
the functional state was assessed by barthel index ( bi ) and activity daily living ( adl ) .
the following nutritional biochemical parameters were also evaluated : albumin , cholesterol , iron , and hemoglobin.
all patients were reassessed @number@ days later.
malnutrition was present in @percent@ of patients with severe cognitive impairment , but only @percent@ of malnourished patients showed moderate cognitive deficit.
mna correlated with bi ( p < 0.001 ) and albumin ( p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : the present study clearly shows that malnutrition may play an important role in the progression of cognitive loss.
progression to sils was determined by comparing pap test results.
the association of haart and transition to menopause on sils was assessed using survival analysis.
a greater increase of cd4 ( + ) cell counts was associated with a greater reduction on the risk of progression to sils.
conclusion : haart had a positive long-term effect on the progression to sils.
however , being younger and menopausal increases the risk of progression.
community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the infectious diseases.
these and other risk factors , as well as diagnostic strategies , are covered in the first section of this review.
the final section of the review is devoted to a consideration of pharmacological , anti-inflammatory strategies with adjunctive potential in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of cap.
this is focused on macrolides , corticosteroids , and statins with respect to their modes of anti-inflammatory action , current status , and limitations.
it has been suggested that age-related alterations of this pattern are associated with changes in neural efficiency and capacity.
at the same time , wm training studies have shown that some older adults are able to increase their wm performance through training.
furthermore , at low difficulty levels , decreases in bold response were found after wm training.
hematopoietic cell transplantation ( hct ) provides a life-prolonging or potentially curative treatment option for patients with hematologic malignancies.
given the high transplant-related morbidity , these treatment strategies were initially restricted to younger patients , but are increasingly being used in older adults.
however , auto-hct remains a feasible , safe , and effective therapy for selected older adults with multiple myeloma and lymphoma.
further research is needed to establish the utility of cga in predicting toxicity and to evaluate the quality of survival in older adults undergoing hct.
to assert relationships , the individual images in the maldi imaging datasets were correlated with lipofuscin fluorescence recorded from the same tissues following proper registration.
spatial correlation information , which is usually lost in bioanalytics , pinpointed a relatively small number of potential lipofuscin components.
the comparison of four samples in each condition further limited the possibility of false positives and provided various new , age- and strain-specific targets.
validating the usefulness of the fluorescence-enhanced imaging strategy , many known adducts of a2e were identified in the short list of lipofuscin components.
these results provided evidence that mass spectrometric imaging can be utilized as a tool to begin to identify the molecular substructure of clinically-relevant diagnostic information.
both increases and decreases in resting state functional connectivity have been previously observed within the motor network during aging.
moreover , the relationship between altered functional connectivity and age-related declines in bimanual coordination remains unclear.
additionally , a control analysis performed on the default mode network confirmed that our age-related increases in functional connectivity were specific to the motor system.
the endpoints were total brain volume and anatomical regions.
dha was marginally correlated ( p = @number@ ) with total brain volume while epa was less so ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no correlations between ischemic lesion volumes and epa , dha , or epa + dha.
conclusion : a higher omega-3 index was correlated with larger total normal brain volume and hippocampal volume in postmenopausal women measured @number@ years later.
while normal aging results in overall brain atrophy , lower omega-3 index may signal increased risk of hippocampal atrophy.
future studies should examine whether maintaining higher rbc epa + dha levels slows the rate of hippocampal or overall brain atrophy.
de novo methylation of cpg islands is seen in many cancers , but the general rules governing this process are not known.
background : several measures of medication exposure are associated with adverse outcomes in older people.
exposure to and the clinical outcomes of these measures in robust versus frail older inpatients are not known.
methods : patients ≥60 years of age admitted with a fall to a tertiary referral teaching hospital in sydney were recruited and frailty was assessed.
data were collected at admission , discharge , and @number@ months after admission.
results : a total of @number@ patients were recruited ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) , with @number@ robust and @number@ frail.
number of medications on discharge was also associated with recurrent falls [ or @number@ ( @number@.0-1.3 ) ] , but ddis were not.
conclusion : exposure to frids and other measures of high-risk medication exposures is common in older people admitted with falls , especially the frail.
number of frids and to a lesser extent total number of medicines at discharge were associated with recurrent falls.
there have been few reports on the development of metabolic disorders , especially when they are considered as a cluster.
data were derived from beijing longitudinal study of aging , a community-based cohort study hosted by xuanwu hospital.
there were @number@ elderly people aged @number@ years or over recruited in @number@
mets was assessed for the years @number@ @number@ and @number@
finally , @number@ subjects with complete information for components of mets in the three years were included in the study.
the criteria of mets recommended by the joint interim statement criteria were adopted.
latent transition analysis was used to calculate the transition probabilities between adjacent visits.
a risk typology consisting of four time-invariant groups was detected based on the components of mets for all subjects.
low mets risk group , bp risk group , bp-hdl risk group , and bp-fpg-tg risk group were found.
the probability of staying at the same status was higher at the two intervals across @number@ years.
four latent groups were extracted based on three assessments for the components of mets , together with their transition patterns.
findings suggested various trajectories for mets components.
different combinations of intervention strategy might be needed for mets risk groups.
objective : this study aims to investigate the influence of socio-demographic , health , and municipal characteristics on trends in loneliness among community-dwelling elderly people.
crude and adjusted multilevel models were analyzed to study the independent associations of study year and socio-demographic , health , and municipal characteristics with loneliness.
results : overall and across municipalities , loneliness estimates did not significantly differ between @number@ and @number@
however , among the sub-group with activity limitations , loneliness was higher in @number@ compared with @number@
individual socio-demographic and health characteristics were explanatory factors for variation in loneliness over time , whereas municipal characteristics were not.
we report down-regulation by bm of no and tnf-α in stimulated raw @number@ macrophages and of ifn-γ in stimulated human blood cells.
furthermore , in human blood cells , il-10 was slightly elevated indicating polarisation towards a regulatory t cell phenotype.
these agents all feature more predictable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties than warfarin.
however , there are other considerations regarding the use of noacs that must be taken into account during management of therapy.
the more frequent dosing needed for noacs may reduce adherence , especially in elderly patients with polypharmacy.
furthermore , noacs , especially dabigatran , are not as well tolerated as warfarin in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.
overall , the availability of the noacs has expanded the treatment armamentarium , but they are not without risk.
cellular and organ metabolism affects organismal lifespan.
aging is characterized by increased risks for metabolic disorders , with age-associated degenerative diseases exhibiting varying degrees of mitochondrial dysfunction.
dietary caloric restriction , inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-i signaling , and inhibition of the nutrient-sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin are robust longevity-promoting interventions.
the effects of mitochondrial retrograde signaling may even spread to other cells / tissues in a noncell autonomous manner by yet unidentified signaling mediators.
objective : the objective was to determine the association between bmi and all-cause mortality risk in adults ≥65 y of age.
results : thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria ; these studies included @number@ individuals with an average follow-up of @number@ y.
background : excess weight is a major threat to public health.
an addiction-like tendency toward certain foods may contribute to overeating.
objective : we aimed to describe the prevalence and associated characteristics in relation to a food-addiction scale in middle-aged and older women.
several other demographic characteristics and other factors were associated with the food-addiction measure in both cohorts of women.
the results may provide insight into the strong association between behavioral attributes of food consumption and the development of obesity.
current housing shortage in italy is forcing a growing number of individuals to use as living environment spaces that were originally devoted to other purposes.
among such spaces , semi-basements hold a particular relevance because of their specific characteristics and their effects on human health.
the authors analyse the relatively scarce legislation about this topic at both national and regional level.
background : diffusion tensor imaging can evaluate white matter function in human brain.
fractional anisotropy is the most important parameter.
methods : fifty volunteers from @number@ to @number@ years old were divided into five consecutive age groups ; a young group and four senior groups.
fa values were calculated with diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) studio software.
there was no correlation between sex and fa in these regions.
conclusions : the fa in the subcortical white matter area reduces earlier than that in deep white matter.
the areas with decreased fa continuously enlarge with aging.
the fas in these regions have a strong negative correlation with age.
purpose of the study : to describe key adaptive challenges and leadership behaviors to implement culture change for person-directed care.
we conducted @number@ focus groups of licensed and unlicensed nursing staff , medical care providers , and administrators.
questions explored perceptions of facilitators and barriers to culture change.
using a template organizing style of analysis with immersion / crystallization , themes of barriers and facilitators were coded for adaptive challenges and leadership.
within each theme , participants identified barriers that were adaptive challenges and facilitators that were examples of adaptive leadership.
managers and administrators seeking to implement person-directed care will need to consider the role of adaptive leadership to address these adaptive challenges.
increasing evidence underscores the health benefits of tai chi ( tc ) , although there is limited evidence of benefits among racial and ethnic minorities.
this study investigated the impact of psychosocial status on balance among @number@ latino seniors after a twice-a-week , 12-week tc exercise program.
psychosocial status was measured at baseline by the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale and norbeck social support questionnaire.
both measures of functional status improved and were sustained after three months of tc.
greater improvement was significantly related to a higher level of baseline social support.
more depressed seniors reported less fear of falling after tc.
depression and social support are important moderators of functional improvement after tc among latino seniors.
pa & e attitudes were explored as predictors of self-reported exercise habits.
results : most women performed below criterion-referenced fitness standards for all measures.
nearly @percent@ percent of those < @number@ years scored below the standard for lower body strength.
only ~20% of respondents < @number@ years old met the criteria for aerobic endurance.
a third of those aged over @number@ met the standard in agility and dynamic balance.
physical activity was positively associated with fitness performance , while pain and depression symptoms were negatively associated.
regular fitness assessments and targeted exercise interventions are warranted.
eb demonstrated a greater but nonsignificant improvement in vertical momentum ( p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , core stability training added to sb did not result in sts reps improvement.
compliance may modify these results and future larger sample studies should evaluate the impact of core stability training on sts biomechanics.
introduction : the @date@ disaster was unparalleled in the disaster history of japan.
there is still enormous effort required in order for japan to recover from the damage , not only financially , but psychosocially.
methods : the japanese database ichushi ver.
@number@ was used to review the literature.
this database is the most frequently used database in japanese health-sciences research.
the keywords used in the search were \ "higashi nihon dai-shinsai \ " ( the great east japan earthquake ) .
results : a total of @number@ articles were found.
within this selection , @number@ articles were categorized as original research ( gencho ronbun ) .
nine articles appeared with only one category label and were grouped as \ "others. \ "
conclusion : this review provides the current status of disaster-health research following the great east japan earthquake.
the research focus over the selected period was greatly directed towards medical considerations , especially vascular conditions and renal dialysis.
recently released guidelines define ckd as abnormalities of kidney structure or function , present for more than @number@ months.
we review the recent literature about ckd and its implications for renal surgery.
recent research indicates that many individuals have gfr values less than @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m² without other manifestations of ckd.
summary : ckd includes a diverse group of individuals with reduced gfr from a variety of causes.
prevention of skin aging and its treatment is an emerging field for development of new formulations in cosmetics.
accordingly , plant extracts with antioxidant properties are beneficial cosmetic ingredients for this purpose.
an emulgel formulation containing @number@ % green tea extract and @number@ % rose oil was designed as a result of pre-formulation studies.
physicochemical characterization , in vitro stability studies , in vivo water content of the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss studies were carried out afterwards.
in vivo studies on ten female subjects were evaluated by using non-invasive skin bioengineering techniques.
however , depression in older people remains under-recognized.
data from @number@ community-dwelling non-disabled people aged @number@ years or more from three group practices in suburban london contributed to this study.
depressed mood was ascertained from the 5-item mental health inventory screening test.
results : depressed mood occurred in @percent@ ( 155 / 1085 ) of participants.
complex issues of multi-morbidity occur within aging populations.
from the health and functional factors investigated , amongst the strongest factors associated with depressed mood was poor vision.
consideration to case finding for depressed mood among older people with visual impairment might be justified.
detailed clinicopathologic correlations using twin longitudinal data and post-mortem examinations are mostly missing.
we describe clinical and pathologic findings of seven monozygotic ( mz ) and dizygotic ( dz ) twin pairs.
greater neuropathologic concordance was found for β-amyloid than tau pathology within the pairs.
dementia onset , dementia duration , difference between twins in age at dementia onset and at death , did not correlate with ad pathology.
however , it is still unclear whether gait speed is associated with the movement velocity of the lower limbs or the movement velocity itself.
methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling adults aged older than @number@ years ( mean age @number@ years ) participated in the study.
we measured the movement velocity of the upper limbs , maximum gait speed , quadriceps strength , trunk muscle endurance and skeletal muscle mass index.
aim : bioelectrical impedance analysis has been reported to have high reliability and accuracy in assessing body composition.
however , equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass are population-specific , and few have been developed for older japanese adults.
thus , the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an estimate equation for appendicular skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
methods : a total of @number@ older adults aged @number@ years and older participated in this study.
appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , and bioelectrical resistance was measured using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer.
multiple regression analysis was applied to derive sex-specific estimation formulae using bioelectrical impedance analysis , and a bland-altman analysis was used to test agreement.
thus , the single sex-specific equations were developed using all participants as follows.
conclusion : these new equations offer a valid option for assessing appendicular skeletal muscle mass in older japanese adults.
segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is a unique tool with which to assess intracellular and extracellular water in the limbs.
the intracellular and extracellular water in the upper and lower legs were assessed by segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy.
the gait speed , grip strength and maximal isometric knee extension strength were measured.
results : the elderly requiring care had significantly lower intracellular water than did healthy elderly in the upper and lower legs.
a significant relative expansion of extracellular water against total water was observed in the elderly requiring care.
conclusions : the elderly requiring care had a relative expansion of extracellular water in the legs , which could have masked actual muscle atrophy.
segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy would be useful for the assessment of skeletal muscle cell mass and sarcopenia in the elderly.
aim : sarcopenia causes a decline in physical performance and decreased quality of life.
however , there is little evidence for effective treatments.
because of the similarities between osteoporosis and sarcopenia , alfacalcidol used for osteoporosis might be beneficial for low muscle mass.
therefore , we investigated the effect of alfacalcidol on muscle mass in patients with low muscle mass.
low muscle mass was determined using specific smi cut-offs for japanese individuals.
the mean appendicular smi in the vitamin d group did not change significantly over the 1-year period.
the change in the patients with low muscle mass was not significant.
conclusions : the vitamin d group maintained muscle mass , and the smi increased in patients with low muscle mass.
thus , the use of alfacalcidol might be effective in osteoporotic patients with low muscle mass.
aims : our aim was to clarify the association between type @number@ diabetes and the risk of low muscle mass in older adults.
body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
conclusions : in korean older adults , type @number@ diabetes is associated with low muscle mass.
additionally , they showed poorer physical performance ( gs and sw , p = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) than the normal group.
furthermore , cavi was associated with smi even after adjustments ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ , p = @number@ ) .
aim : to develop a simple screening test to identify older adults at high risk for sarcopenia.
data collection was carried out between september and @date@ .
results : the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
we created a score chart for each sex based on the final model.
conclusions : the presence of sarcopenia could be detected using three easily obtainable variables with high accuracy.
the screening test we developed could help identify functionally independent older adults with sarcopenia who are good candidates for intervention.
aim : the present study aimed to evaluate age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly japanese.
methods : this 12-year longitudinal study of a community-dwelling population in japan included @number@ examinations of @number@ men and @number@ women.
low muscle mass was defined as muscle mass minus two standard deviations below the mean for young healthy adults.
leg extension power ( watts ) was measured as an index of muscle function.
longitudinal data of skeletal muscle mass were analyzed using a general linear mixed-effect model.
results : the prevalence of low muscle mass at the first wave of examinations was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
skeletal muscle mass decreased slightly , but significantly , in women.
conclusion : age-related decreases in muscle mass were trivial , especially in women , but the quality of muscle decreased with aging in both sexes.
aims : studies about sarcopenia in asia are fewer , and started later than in europe and america.
we attempted to examine the decline in muscle mass , grip strength and gait speed in a cohort of older chinese prospectively over @number@ years.
muscle mass and gait speed were additionally measured after @number@ years.
results : after @number@ years , @number@ participants completed all the measurements.
muscle mass was relatively preserved in comparison with grip strength and gait speed.
the percentage loss of asm in @number@ years was @percent@ and @percent@ in men and women , respectively.
the percentage decline in gait speed after @number@ years was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
conclusion : compared with black people and white people , the older chinese have less muscle mass , weaker grip strength and slower gait speed.
participants were interviewed by trained investigators to complete a validated structural questionnaire.
body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis , and skeletal muscle mass was estimated by janssen's equation.
sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were defined according to the @number@ consensus of the report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people.
conclusions : approximately one-fifth of community-dwelling older adults were facing the threat of sarcopenia in southern taiwan.
methods : the present 3-year prospective study was a part of the bangkok longitudinal study by siriraj hospital for older men and women.
data on @number@ participants aged ≥ @number@ years were included in this analysis.
methods : we pooled individual participant data of @number@ community-dwelling older adults from five cohort studies.
the gait speed and handgrip strength cut-off points were defined as the 20th percentile of their population distributions.
results : we identified the cut-off points of asm / ht ( @number@ ) , gait speed and handgrip strength.
conclusions : the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults is comparable with those in other populations.
a dose-response relationship exists between sarcopenia stages and functional limitations / disability.
aim : several operative definitions and screening methods for sarcopenia have been proposed in previous studies ; however , the opinions of researchers still differ.
methods : a population-based , cross-sectional survey of adults aged over @number@ years was carried out.
data on a total of @number@ participants were available for analysis.
gait speed , grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were assessed to determine sarcopenia.
appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index.
we compared the prevalence rates of sarcopenia determined by the two algorithms.
conclusion : it is debatable whether inclusion of gait speed is necessary when screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
future research should examine the necessity of including gait speed in algorithms and the validity of cut-off values.
aim : sarcopenia is a well-recognized geriatric syndrome , which is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes.
the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associative clinical characteristics in taiwan.
methods : data of the i-lan longitudinal aging study ( ilas ) were retrieved for this study.
results : overall , data of @number@ participants ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years , male @percent@ ) were retrieved for analysis.
sarcopenia was significantly related to low body mass index , smaller waist circumference , poor nutrition and poor cognition.
the mean carotid intima-media thickness and cardiometabolic parameters showed no statistically significant findings.
conclusions : the present paper showed the epidemiology of sarcopenia , and the strong connection to functionality indicators.
however , sarcopenia was not associated with cardiometabolic risk or carotid intima media thickness in the present study.
aim : sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significant associative factors for functional impairment related to aging.
methods : a total of @number@ young healthy volunteers , and @number@ older men aged @number@ years and older participated in the present study.
demographic characteristics , anthropometry , skeletal muscle mass measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) , 6-m gait speed and handgrip strength were collected.
relative appendicular skeletal muscle index ( rasm ) and percentage skeletal muscle index ( smi ) were obtained.
results : overall , the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@ by using rasm.
by the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index definition ( smi ) , the prevalence of sarcopenia was @percent@.
the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was lower by using rasm than smi ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of sarcopenia is high either based on rasm or smi among chinese men aged @number@ years and older.
functional limitations were significantly associated with older age , skeletal muscle mass and total body fat.
aim : the age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass is highly concerning in diverse aging populations.
however , age-dependent changes in muscle mass and the visceral fat area have not been well documented in asian populations.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study.
healthy men ( n = @number@ ) and women ( n = @number@ ) aged 40-79 years participated in the present study.
the skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area were measured in the study participants by bioelectrical impedance.
results : the smi showed an age-dependent decrease in both sexes.
between @number@ and @number@ years , the total smi decreased by @percent@ in men and by @percent@ in women.
in contrast , the visceral fat area showed an age-dependent increase in both sexes.
the visceral fat area increased by @percent@ in men and by @percent@ in women.
the multiple regression analysis showed that the smi was negatively associated with visceral obesity in both sexes.
conclusions : in japanese adults , sex-specific changes in skeletal muscle mass are more prominent in the arm than in the leg.
furthermore , the age-dependent increases in visceral adipose tissue might lead to loss of skeletal muscle mass.
background : decreased ability of muscles to respond to anabolic stimuli is part of the underlying mechanism for muscle loss with aging.
moreover , the combined effect with resistance exercise was studied by using a unilateral resistance exercise protocol.
no interaction between treatment and exercise was observed ( p = @number@ ) .
trial registration : this trial is registered in the dutch trial register under number ntr1823.
many children experience pre-school or early childhood wheezing.
in a significant proportion symptoms disappear as the child grows , but others have persistent and troublesome asthma which can be life-long.
tools to predict course of disease in young children are a priority for families and clinicians.
this review summarizes evidence from several longitudinal population-based birth-cohort studies that have identified risk factors for persistence and remission of childhood asthma.
we conclude with a discussion of implications and future directions.
in the central nervous system , cholinergic and dopaminergic ( da ) neurons are among the cells most susceptible to the deleterious effects of age.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) , a degeneration of nigro-striatal da neurons is the most conspicuous reflection of the vulnerability of da neurons to age.
spontaneous or environmental neurotoxin-mediated exacerbation of these processes contributes to the symptoms of ad and pd , respectively.
in this context , neurotrophic factors that can prevent or delay the decline in cognitive function and central da activity are of clinical interest.
among them , insulin-like growth factor i and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are emerging as powerful neuroprotective molecules.
this article discusses the experimental evidence supporting the neuroprotective relevance of these and related factors in the aging brain.
recent studies documenting the use of cell reprogramming for the generation of multipotent neuronal precursors as well as functional bfcn and da neurons are reviewed.
community-based organizations ( cbos ) serving persons living with hiv or aids face the challenge of an aging population with more chronic diseases.
sixty ( @percent@ ) of @number@ organizations completed the survey.
asos are receptive to collaborating with researchers on disseminating cancer prevention and control knowledge in their settings.
delirium is a common condition , and is associated with adverse outcomes , including increased morbidity , increased mortality , and increased health services utilization.
however , no medications against delirium have yet been approved.
thus , delirium is still unexplored not only in the psychiatric field , but also in all medical services.
in the review , delirium etiologies , prediction , diagnosis , prevention , and treatment are outlined.
especially , future strategies of prediction and prevention , and the evaluation of antipsychotics from a safety perspective , are presented.
on the basis of such points , a treatment algorithm is proposed.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients , depression is not rare.
depression in ad patients is associated with greater impairment of the quality of life and an increased caregiver burden.
depressive mood , loss of interest , and anxiety are among the most marked symptoms of depression in ad patients.
in the treatment of depression in ad , non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies are applied.
basically , support and encouragement are required.
the results of rct with antidepressants are inconsistent.
recent studies have demonstrated relationships between the disturbance of circadian rhythm and the development of lifestyle-related diseases.
in addition , mice with their circadian rhythm chronically impaired by alteration of the light-dark cycle also develop such diseases.
mitochondria are considered to have originated from the symbiotic invasion of bacteria with aerobic atp production into pro-eukaryotic cells about two billion years ago.
for this evolutionary reason , mitochondria have maintained their own genome.
mitochondrial dna is circular and is inherited maternally.
thus , mitochondrial dna has characteristics different from nuclear dna.
human mitochondrial dna is small , about @number@.5kbp in length , and encodes only two rrnas , @number@ trnas , and @number@ proteins.
however , the mitochondrial genome is essential for normal integrity of the mitochondrial electron transfer system ( or respiratory chain ) .
in addition , its lack of integrity can cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
therefore , mutations of the mitochondrial genome are currently believed to be involved in many common diseases as well as classical mitochondrial neuromyopathies.
mice lacking tap73 exhibited increased dna damage and cell death in spermatogonia , disorganized apical ectoplasmic specialization , malformed spermatids , and marked hyperspermia.
these alterations of testicular histology and gene expression patterns were specific to tap73 null mice and not features of mice lacking p53.
these results may have implications for the diagnosis and management of human male infertility.
the melanocyte stem cells of the hair follicle provide an attractive system for the study of the stem cells.
successful regeneration of a functional organ relies on the organized and timely orchestration of molecular events among distinct stem / progenitor cell populations.
the stem cells are regulated by communication with their specialized microenvironment known as the niche.
in this regard , the bulge niche of the mammalian hair follicle offers an excellent model for study.
it holds two resident populations of scs : epidermal stem cells and melanocyte stem cells.
while their behavior is tightly coordinated , very little of the crosstalk involved is known.
this review summarized the recent development in trying to understand the regulation of melanocyte and melanocyte stem cells.
background : lipofuscin-like pigments ( lflp ) are considered a hallmark of aging.
the intracellular lflp formation rate is negatively correlated with the life expectancy of cell.
in food quality , increase of lflp not only affects the appearance but also causes loss of nutritional value.
results : the accumulation of lflp increased during storage of all walnuts.
conclusion : in walnuts with low initial moisture , lipoxidation products increased markedly during storage and these products might provide the source for lflp accumulation.
cellular senescence is a stress response that accompanies stable exit from the cell cycle.
in parallel , a number of effector mechanisms of senescence have been identified and characterized.
series of studies on senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) in particular have revealed various layers of functionality of senescent cells in vivo.
here we discuss some key features of senescence effectors and attempt to functionally link them when it is possible.
ten healthy older adults and thirteen healthy young adults were exposed to predictable external perturbations using the pendulum impact paradigm.
the effect of aging was seen as delayed anticipatory muscle activity and larger compensatory muscle responses in older adults as compared to young adults.
multivariate analysis showed β-amyloid imaging as the single variable most strongly associated with progression.
hippocampal atrophy and ε4 status did not add further predictive value.
interpretation : subtle memory impairment with a positive β-amyloid scan identifies healthy individuals at high risk for mci or ad.
clearly amnestic patients with a positive amyloid scan have prodromal ad and a poor prognosis for dementia within @number@ years.
elevated serum cholesterol concentrations in mid-life increase risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) in later life.
hdl concentration in the plasma from ad plus patients was significantly lower compared to ad or control subject hdl levels.
at equivalent concentrations of apoa1 , hdl isolated from all subjects irrespective of diagnosis was equally effective at mediating rct.
hdl concentration is lower in ad plus patients ' plasma and thus capacity for rct is compromised.
in contrast , hdl from patients with ad-only was not different in concentration , modifications , or function from hdl of healthy age-matched donors.
previous studies have shown that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with a reduced risk of cancer.
however , most studies exclude those with undiagnosed dementia.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) died , including @number@ who had possible or probable ad and @number@ with non-ad dementia.
this study provides further evidence of an inverse association between cancer and ad.
however , according to recent studies , there may be dissociations among different types of implicit memory.
the present study examines the possibility that the visuo-perceptual priming effect is spared in ad.
the task required the identification of fragmented pictures.
results showed a deficient priming effect in ad patients when it was measured by an identification of fragmented pictures task.
we discuss our results in light of the current hypothesis of a functional segregation in priming processes.
background / objectives : low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) have been associated with cardiometabolic disease but results are inconsistent.
the objective of the study was to investigate the association of 25ohd with metabolic syndrome in a population at increased risk for diabetes.
multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted mean difference of insulin secretion and sensitivity across the same 25ohd tertiles.
higher plasma 25ohd concentration was associated with greater insulin sensitivity and lower insulin secretion.
the closing of hospitals has exacerbated challenges for older adults in accessing healthcare , especially those living in economically underserved settings.
focus groups were reconvened to assess progress and health needs over time.
discussion sessions with hospital administrators and participants afforded an opportunity for sharing data and additional assessment.
unlabelled : vascular dementia ( vad ) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly together with alzheimer's disease with limited treatment options.
poor understanding of the pathophysiology underlying vad is hindering the development of new therapies.
a total of @number@ differentially expressed proteins out of @number@ confidently identified proteins ( false discovery rate = 0.3% ) were shortlisted for bioinformatics analysis.
this suggested a state of hypometabolism and vascular insufficiency along with an inflammatory condition during vad.
the synaptic proteins did not exhibit a generalized decrease in abundance ( e.g. syntaxin ) in the vad subjects.
this reported proteome offers a reference data set for future basic or translational studies on vad.
we enrolled @number@ subjects who underwent pulmonary function test before preoperative examination in our study.
according to the numerical relationship between vcmax and fvc , two groups were divided : vcmax > fvc and vcmax = fvc.
age , gender , height , weight , bmi and fev1 / fvc , fev1%pred , fev1 / vcmax were compared between the two groups.
using multivariate logistic regression , factors related to classification of vcmax = fvc or vcmax > fvc were estimated.
we made a conclusion that people with older age and lower fev1%pred tend to have a smaller fvc than vc in pre-bronchdilator spirometry.
background : the aim of this study was to determine whether eyebrow and eyelash whitening is an effective parameter in age estimation.
material and methods : we evaluated @number@ patients.
age groups were 1-10 , 11-20 , 21-30 , 31-40 , 41-50 , 51-60 , 61-70 , 71-80 , and 81-90 years.
results : mean age was @number@ ± @time@ .
while there was no eyebrow whitening in @percent@ of the subjects , level @number@ whitening of eyebrows was observed in @percent@ of the subjects.
there was no eyelash whitening in @percent@ of the subjects and no level @number@ eyelash whitening was detected in any subject.
men had significantly more level @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ eyebrow whitening compared with women.
there was no gender difference in terms of eyelash whitening level.
mean age was @number@ ± @number@ in subjects with no eyelash whitening ; and @number@ ± @number@ in those with whitening.
conclusions : particularly after 41-50 years of age , level of eyebrow and eyelash whitening may be among a useful age estimation parameter.
single nucleotide polymorphisms at the following loci were studied : comt val158met , cyp1b1 4 asn452ser , cyp1b1 3 leu432val , and cyp3a4 1b.
no association between smoking and menopause was identified in cyp1b1 wild types.
risk of menopause entry in cyp3a4 wild types who smoked was far lower ( adjusted hr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
here , we describe some of the outstanding research questions concerning the npc , its assembly and functions.
we also discuss recent findings that link the npc and its immediate surroundings to the process of cellular aging.
scaffold and barrier nucleoporins are two major types of protein building blocks that make up the npc.
surprisingly , these two groups of nucleoporins differ dramatically in their turnover rates.
recent work identifies some of the scaffold nucleoporins as the most extremely long-lived proteins in rat brain.
some of the consequences of these findings and new open questions arising from them are discussed.
we also consider the evidence for a perturbed permeability barrier in nuclei from old cells and the alteration of nuclear transport pathways under stress conditions.
finally , we describe the connection between premature aging syndromes and the nuclear lamina , a filamentous protein network which underlies the nuclear envelope.
maximizing fat loss while preserving lean tissue mass and function is a central goal of modern obesity treatments.
losses of lean tissue with dieting typically tend to be small , raising questions about study design , power and applied measurement method reliability.
to date , the role of genetic variants in pre-mirnas on coronary artery disease ( cad ) risk remains poorly understood.
genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism ( pcr-rflp ) method.
we also found that the genotypes of mir-146a rs2910164 were associated with its mature mirna expression by analyzing @number@ pbmc samples from cad patients.
individuals carrying rs11614913 gc or cc genotypes showed @number@.2-fold higher expression compared to gg genotype carriers ( p < 0.05 ) .
we observed no association of the other two snps in mir-196a2 ( rs11614913 ) and mir-499 ( rs3746444 ) with the cad incidence.
each patient had their supine and standing or sitting blood pressure measured.
logistic regression was used to estimate the univariate and multivariate odds of oh for the subgroups of patients based on their diagnosis.
a @percent@ significance level for the univariate analysis was used to identify variables in the multivariate model.
results : a total of @number@ patients were studied of whom @number@ had a tia , @number@ a stroke and @number@ had other diagnoses.
conclusion : orthostatic hypotension is prevalent among patients presenting to tia clinic.
previous history of vascular disease ( prior tia / stroke / pvd ) appears to be a significant associate of oh in this patient population.
kidney transplantation improves kidney function and abnormal mineral metabolism at the same time.
it remains unclear whether kidney transplantation favourably impacts vc in the long-term.
methods : the present study examined vc in @number@ kidney transplant ( kt ) recipients who had been transplanted for longer than one year.
the severity of vc was compared to @number@ ckd stages 5-5d patients on a kidney transplant ( kt ) waiting list.
results : the median kt vintage was @number@ months.
the prevalence of vc among kt and ckd patients were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , ( p = @number@ ) .
among patients with calcification , a more severe degree was observed in kt recipients ( p = @number@ ) .
aging , dm , cvd and dialysis vintage were associated with significant vc in both groups.
among kt recipients , the severity of vc increased with the length of time after transplantation and became more substantial after @number@ years.
conclusions : long-term kt recipients demonstrated a more severe degree of vc compared to matched ckd stages 5-5d patients.
the severity of vc became more pronounced among those with longer transplant vintage and was in part influenced by past dialysis experience.
this study aimed to determine what factors were associated with achieving adequate hearing aid self-efficacy.
design : a retrospective research design was employed wherein hearing aid self-efficacy was the primary outcome.
explanatory variables included personal demographics , visual disability , and experiences related to participants ' hearing ability and hearing aids.
hearing aid owners were more likely to report adequate hearing aid self-efficacy if they had had a positive hearing aid experience and no visual disability.
design : repeated anl measurements were presented diotically using earphones.
all participants provided demographic information and hearing aid owners were asked about their aid use.
study sample : a total of @number@ older adults were assessed ; @number@ participants had a hearing impairment and @number@ owned a hearing aid.
results : the mean anl was lower than previously reported.
while age and gender had no effect on anl , a significant , but weak , correlation was found between anl and hearing loss.
the test-retest reliability showed the results were clinically unreliable.
in addition , the anl did not predict hours or pattern of hearing aid use.
objective : to examine associations between audiological and non-audiological factors and successful hearing aid use in older adults.
conclusions : these findings highlight the importance of addressing non-audiological factors in order to assist older adults achieve success with hearing aids.
study sample : a sample of @number@ hearing aid user guides ( four user guides from nine different hearing aid manufacturers ) were analysed.
results : sixty nine percent of user guides were rated ' not suitable ' and @percent@ were rated ' adequate ' for their suitability.
many scored poorly for scope , vocabulary , aspects of layout and typography , and learning stimulation and motivation.
the mean reading grade level for all user guides was grade @number@ which is too high for older adults.
background : an impending crisis is looming over the oral healthcare of our aging population.
the dental skills necessary to treat these elderly are modifications of skills students routinely learn in dental school.
conclusion : significant changes in the teaching of dental management of the elderly are critical within much of the education community.
background : alterations in dental status or both physical and biological change associated with age can impact on oral disease and oral function.
materials and methods : older people tend to have fewer teeth and some are edentulous.
physical and biological changes in bodily function with age can also affect oral health care either directly or indirectly.
this is worse in people with xerostomia where chewing and swallowing are impaired anyway.
change in the cell-mediated inflammatory response impacts on gingival and periodontal disease manifestation and progression.
sarcopenia makes the physical act of toothbrushing more challenging.
caries remains a clinical problem that affects both the crowns and the roots of teeth.
coronal lesions tend to be around existing restorations where there is no evidence base about care / prevention.
recent investigations suggest that inflammation constitutes a biological foundation of ageing and the onset of age-related diseases.
multimorbidity and polypharmacy , together with alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , make older people at risk of adverse medication reactions.
a side effect of several medications is causing xerostomia and hyposalivation , and both the type and number of medications used are relevant.
their oral health status may be jeopardised by frailty , disability , care dependency and limited access to professional oral health care.
sixty cylindrical specimens ( @number@ × @number@ cm ) were prepared from each material and equally divided into three groups.
adhesive remnant index ( ari ) was also identified.
according to the ari , most groups demonstrated adhesive failure.
conclusions : the provisional material type , surface treatment , and artificial aging have a significant effect on bond strength.
sandblasting treatment exerts a beneficial effect on shear bond strength.
objectives : we examined neighborhood-level foreclosure rates and their association with onset of depressive symptoms in older adults.
a large increase in properties going to auction was suggestive of such an association ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @number@ ) .
age , fewer years of education , and functional limitations also were predictive.
conclusions : increases in neighborhood-level foreclosure represent an important risk factor for depression in older adults.
these results accord with previous studies suggesting that the effects of economic crises are typically first experienced through deficits in emotional well-being.
consuming a high-fat diet may result in behavioral deficits similar to those observed in aging animals.
it has been demonstrated that blueberry supplementation can allay age-related behavioral deficits.
this study is a first step in determining if incorporating more nutrient-dense foods into a high-fat diet can allay cognitive dysfunction.
oxidative stress has been advanced as one of the major causes of damage to dna and other macromolecules.
the sample was composed of @number@ healthy and nonsmoking males , aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
( ( v ) o2max was evaluated through the bruce protocol with direct measurement of oxygen consumption.
the comet assay was used to evaluate the dna damage , strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine dna glycosylase ( fpg ) -sensitive sites.
we found a positive correlation of age with dna strand breaks but not with fpg-sensitive sites.
( ( v ) o2max was significantly inversely related with dna strand breaks , but this relation disappeared when adjusted for age.
a significantly positive relation between ( ( v ) o2max and fpg-sensitive sites was verified.
methods : we carried out a prospective analysis involving @number@ men and women aged @number@ years or older from the english longitudinal study of ageing.
enjoyment of life was assessed by questionnaire.
outcomes were impairment in @number@ or more activities of daily living and changes in gait speed on a walking test.
covariates included sociodemographic factors , baseline health , depressive symptoms , impairment of mobility and health behaviours.
we obtained similar results when we limited analyses to participants younger than @number@ years at baseline.
interpretation : this is an observational study , so causal conclusions cannot be drawn.
but our results provide evidence that reduced enjoyment of life may be related to the future disability and mobility of older people.
topics were selected that represented developing or controversial areas that are important to care of increasingly frail older people.
the increasingly important role of patient and carer engagement in management of disease and syndromes is highlighted.
in this study , fruits of opuntia ficus-indica were enzymatically hydrolyzed and then fermented with two species of yeast.
we also evaluated the effect of eo and fo on photoaging of skin cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
we identified the major fermented metabolite in the fo as ferulic acid.
our in vitro study indicated that fo significantly enhanced the concentration of pro-collagen type @number@ than the eo , by increasing the tgf-β1 production.
to observe the efficacy of intra-arterial chemotherapy with subcutaneously implanted pump for soft tissue sarcoma in extremities and cancerous ulcer.
@number@ patients had tumor in upper extremities and @number@ patients in lower extremities.
the chemotherapy efficiency was observed after at @number@ cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy.
independently of their age , individuals produce weak logical responses when they solve the wason selection task.
many studies describe conditional reasoning , focusing on intra-individual and general processes.
the role of meaning attributed to the situation or the linguistic interpretation of the rules have nevertheless been stressed by pragmatic studies.
few scattered studies show the role of collective situations , of subjects ' prior knowledge and of objects in solving the selection task.
eight young ( 19-28 years old ) and eight older ( 62-81 years old ) healthy males participated in neuromuscular testing.
maximal resultant torque was simultaneously recorded with the electromyographic activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
the torque recorded in the antagonist muscles was estimated using a biofeedback technique.
this study showed that antagonist torques were not responsible for age-related declines in kf and ke resultant torques.
background : testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) is a widely accepted form of treatment worldwide for aging men with late-onset hypogonadism syndrome.
urologists have been concerned about the possibility of trt causing prostate cancer.
the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between trt and prostate cancer.
methods : a literature review was performed to identify all published , randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) of testosterone treatment for hypogonadism.
the search included the medline , embase and the cochrane controlled trials register databases.
fixed-effect model was chosen for homogeneous studies ; otherwise , a random-effect model was used.
inconsistency was quantified by using the @date@ statistic , which tests the proportion of heterogeneity across studies.
results : results of @number@ rcts involving a total of @number@ patients were analyzed.
besides , sensitivity analysis indicated that short-term trt was more likely to increase psa levels than treatment with placebo ( p < 0.00001 ) .
gross morphologic differences may exist between these fat depots , but this has never been established at the cellular level.
cross-sectional areas of individual adipocytes were calculated digitally and averaged from histologic sections of the adipose tissue samples.
results : the average adipocyte size of nasolabial fat is significantly ( p < @number@ ) larger than that of deep medial cheek fat.
future investigation of the metabolic and structural properties of these fat compartments will help us understand the different patterns of volumetric facial aging.
standing balance is an important motor task.
postural instability associated with age typically arises from deterioration of peripheral sensory systems.
the modified clinical test of sensory integration for balance and the tandem test have been used to screen for balance.
this study determines the validity and reliability of the wii balance board ( wii bb ) to quantify cop motions during the mentioned tests.
twenty participants repeated the trials for reliability purposes.
cop displacement was the main outcome measure.
intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) indicated modest-to-excellent test-retest reliability ( icc = 0.64-0.85 ) .
in conclusion , the wii bb is shown to be a valid and reliable method to quantify cop displacement in older adults.
methods : the study enrolled elderly patients with osahs and age-matched healthy control subjects.
cardiac structure , left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular systolic function were measured using a doppler ultrasound scanner and compared between the two groups.
results : the study included @number@ patients with osahs and @number@ healthy control subjects.
conclusion : elderly patients with osahs demonstrated cardiac structural changes and their left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions were significantly diminished.
health care practitioners often lack the expertise or time to adequately assess behavioral symptoms or counsel caregivers about interventions.
our goal was to implement a specialty clinic managed by advanced practice nurses to assess and manage behavioral symptoms associated with dementia.
we evaluated @number@ dyads since implementation in @date@ .
the patients were primarily female , caucasian , @number@ years of age with alzheimer's disease.
evaluations indicated caregivers and referring providers found the appointment helpful in managing behavioral symptoms and caregiver stress.
objective : to describe the scope of surrogate decision making , the hospital course , and outcomes for older adults.
main outcomes and measures : clinical characteristics , hospital outcomes , nature of major medical decisions , and surrogate involvement.
most surrogates were daughters ( @percent@ ) , sons ( @percent@ ) , or spouses ( @percent@ ) .
overall , only @percent@ had a living will and @percent@ had a health care representative document in the medical record.
surrogates commonly face a broad range of decisions in the intensive care unit and the hospital ward setting.
hospital functions should be redesigned to account for the large and growing role of surrogates , supporting them as they make health care decisions.
yet the relative impacts of both conditions on microglia are less frequently considered in concert.
in this review , we have enumerated six distinct functions of microglia and discuss the specific effects of both aging and ad.
by calling attention to the commonalities of these two states , we hope to inspire new approaches for dissecting microglial mechanisms.
the study was conducted prospectively on @number@ consecutive patients ( normal iief-5 before surgery , ≥ @number@ ) who underwent turp.
patients were assessed before surgery and at @number@ months.
at @number@ months , the iief-5 score significantly decreased from24 to @number@ ( p < 0.0001 ) .
no statistical associations were found between hypertension , diabetes , dyslipidemia and capsular perforation and the development of ed after turp.
operating time , duration of catheterization , and bmi did not determine a significant decrease of the iief-5 score after turp.
these results suggest that age of patients represents an independent risk factor of ed at @number@ months follow-up after turp.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : university medical center.
interventions : none.
main outcome measures : postural response latency , sway variables , trunk motion variables.
postural response latency was not correlated with the t25fw.
design : walking trials were collected for @number@ participants ( @number@ ± @number@ m , @number@ ± @number@ kg ) .
discrete variables characterizing sagittal-plane knee function were compared among the four groups using anovas.
there were similar differences between the severe oa group and the older asymptomatic and moderate oa groups.
both oa groups also had the femur less posterior relative to the tibia and smaller extension moment than the younger group.
many frail older adults are thin , weak , and undernourished ; this component of frailty remains a critical concern in the geriatric field.
findings of these trials included the following major points.
the literature consistently confirmed benefits of lifestyle interventions to physical function assessed at the clinical level.
however , participation in a chronic exercise program did reduce the oxidative stress induced by an acute bout of exercise.
however , the evidence also suggests a complexity of metabolic influences , both systemically and within muscle , which has not been elucidated to date.
bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide , and by definition not expected to recover with aging.
however , the concept that asthma can affect older individuals has been largely denied in the past.
in clinical practice , asthma that occurs in the most advanced ages is often diagnosed as copd , thus leading to undertreatment or improper treatment.
a large body of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that the prevalence of asthma in the most advanced ages is similar to that in younger ages.
the article addresses the main issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in the geriatric age.
this article investigates the causal relationship between the number of biological children and mental health of elderly europeans.
specifically , we ask whether additional children improve or threaten parents ' mental health status.
this setup allows us to identify the effect of expected and desired as well as the effect of unexpected additional children on mental health.
thus , it takes a rare and somewhat particular situation to uncover the negative effect.
there is no evidence for a causal effect of additional children on the probability to suffer from depression for elder men.
age-related changes in testosterone are believed to be a key component of the processes that contribute to cognitive aging in men.
the apoe-ε4 allele may interact with testosterone and moderate the hormone's association with cognition.
data were used from @number@ participants in the vietnam era twin study of aging.
average age was @number@ years ( standard deviation = @number@ ) .
targeted inhibition of met / ron signaling by tyrosine kinase inhibitor bms-777607 for cancer treatment is currently under clinical trials.
we have previously shown that bms-777607 induces chemoresistance in vitro by causing polyploidy , which hampers therapeutic efficacy.
here , we studied polyploidy-associated senescence induced by bms-777607 in breast cancer cells and its prevention by mtor inhibitor azd8055 , leading to increased chemosensitivity.
the appearance of senescence was associated with polyploidy in which β-galactosidase is exclusively expressed in polyploid cells.
survivin expression was increased in polyploid / senescent cells as analyzed by western blotting.
increased survivin accumulated both in the nucleus and cytoplasm and dissociated with condensed dna and mitotic spindle at the metaphase.
azd8055 , a specific mtor inhibitor , effectively prevented bms-777607-induced polyploidy and senescence and restored survivin expression and its nuclear localization to normal levels.
although a synergism was not observed , bms-777607 plus azd8055 increased cancer cell sensitivity toward different cytotoxic chemotherapeutics.
in conclusion , bms-777607-induced chemoresistance is associated with cell polyploidy and senescence.
inhibition of mtor signaling by azd8055 prevents bms-777607-induced polyploidy / senescence and increases breast cancer cell chemosensitivity.
isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies of longevity from decreased haplotype diversity and long-range linkage disequilibrium.
this permits smaller sample sizes without loss of power , among other utilities.
little is known about the genome of the okinawans , a potential population isolate , recognized for longevity.
these data support further exploration of genetic influence on longevity in the okinawans.
we contrast annual declines in iadl independence for older individuals who remain stroke free to those for individuals who experienced stroke.
we also assess whether these patterns differ by sex , race , or southern birthplace.
we present models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and also stratified on sex , race , and southern birthplace.
after stroke , independence declined at an annual rate similar to those who did not have stroke.
the black-white disparity in iadl independence narrowed poststroke.
conclusion : racial differences in iadl independence are apparent long before stroke onset.
poststroke differences in iadl independence largely reflect prestroke disparities.
objective : to investigate functionally important transcripts in single human oocytes with the use of nanostring technology and determine whether observed differences are biologically meaningful.
design : analysis of human oocytes with the use of nanostring and immunoblotting.
setting : university-affiliated reproductive medicine unit.
patients : women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
intervention : human oocytes were analyzed with the use of nanostring or immunoblotting.
bubr1 protein levels in oocytes from younger and older women were compared with the use of immunoblotting.
there was 3- to 5-fold variation in bub1 , bub1b , and cdk1 transcript abundance among individual oocytes from a single patient.
transcripts for these three genes-all players within the spindle assembly checkpoint surveillance mechanism for preventing aneuploidy-were reduced in the same oocyte from an older patient.
mean bub1b transcripts were reduced by @number@.5-fold with aging and associated with marked reductions in bubr1 protein levels.
conclusion ( s ) : the abundance of functionally important transcripts exhibit marked oocyte-to-oocyte heterogeneity to a degree that is sufficient to affect protein expression.
observed variations in transcript abundance are therefore likely to be biologically meaningful , especially if multiple genes within the same pathway are simultaneously affected.
double immunostaining of an endothelial marker cd34 and vasohibin @number@ with ki-67 was also performed to assess angiogenic activity of endothelial cells in hcc.
vasohibin 1 / cd34 could identify the proliferative vessels and could be a useful biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of hcc patients.
recent research has shown that personality traits continue to develop throughout the life span , but most profound changes are typically found during young adulthood.
increasing evidence suggests that life events play a significant role in many of these changes.
participants were originally recruited in @number@ through elementary schools in a middle-sized finnish city.
private residential care facilities ( rcfs ) fill the gap between independent community living and institutional settings for seniors.
there are marked differences between rcfs which make them difficult to compare.
rcf owners across quebec were invited to complete a questionnaire that described the setting's physical and organizational environment.
different combinations of cluster analysis methods and statistical parameters were used to identify plausible classifications.
the final choice was made by an expert committee.
overall , @number@ owners returned the questionnaire.
three plausible classifications were submitted to the committee.
the selected classification included five clusters that differed with regard to admission criteria , services offered and recreational activities.
this classification could help health professionals select the rcf that best responds to older adults ' needs.
these indexes are based on composite scores of neuropsychological tests validated in english-speaking populations , and their use in aging research is growing in popularity.
this study aimed at validating the mtl / memory and fl / executive functions indexes in french-speaking adults.
bootstrapping analysis with @number@ resamples confirmed stability for seven neuropsychological tests.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) mutations are causatively associated with photo-ageing and are used as biomarkers of uv exposure.
the most prominent mitochondrial mutation is the common deletion ( cd ) , which is induced in many tissues by oxidative stress.
more photo-specific mutations might be cc to tt tandem transitions which arise from uv-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.
as nucleotide excision repair is absent in mitochondria , this dna damage can presumably not be repaired resulting in high mitochondrial mutation levels.
we also analysed mtdna copy number , for which changes as a result of oxidative stress have been described in different experimental settings.
background : most neuropsychological batteries , especially those most often used , are unsuitable for the assessment of patients with severe dementia.
the severe impairment battery ( sib ) was developed for the evaluation of preserved cognitive functions in these patients.
methods : a convenience sample of @number@ dementia patients according to dsm-iv-tr criteria and @number@ healthy participants was selected.
patients were assessed twice using a greek translation of the sib and the greek version of mmse.
cronbach's α for the total sib score and each subscale score showed high significance , and the item-total correlation for each subscale was also acceptable.
the test-retest correlation for the total sib score and subscale scores were significant.
the total sib score and subscale scores were examined according to cdr.
introduction : late-onset hypogonadism may impair quality of life and contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in aging men.
testosterone replacement therapy is effective in treating hypogonadism.
clarification of this safety issue could allow treatment to be considered for a sizeable segment of the aging male population.
aim : the aim of this study is to examine population-based utilization and impact of testosterone replacement therapy in men with prostate cancer.
methods : using linked surveillance , epidemiology , and end results-medicare data , we identified @number@ men diagnosed with prostate cancer from @number@ to @number@
of those , @number@ ( @percent@ ) men received exogenous testosterone following their cancer diagnosis.
we used propensity scoring analysis to examine the effect of testosterone replacement on the use of salvage hormone therapy and overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality.
main outcome measures : we assessed overall mortality , cancer-specific mortality , and the use of salvage hormone therapy.
men undergoing radical prostatectomy and men with well-differentiated tumors were more likely to receive testosterone ( all p < @number@ ) .
on adjusted analysis , testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with overall or cancer-specific mortality or with the use of salvage hormone therapy.
these findings suggest testosterone replacement therapy may be considered in men with a history of prostate cancer , but confirmatory prospective studies are needed.
many older listeners report difficulties in understanding speech in noisy situations.
working memory and other cognitive skills may modulate older listeners ' ability to use context information to alleviate the effects of noise on spoken-word recognition.
target speech was presented without noise , with fluctuating speech-shaped noise , or with competing speech from a single distractor speaker.
the gradient measure of contextual probability ( derived from a separate offline rating study ) affected the speed of recognition.
contextual facilitation was modulated by older listeners ' verbal working memory ( measured with a backward digit span task ) and age across listening conditions.
working memory and age , as well as hearing loss , were also the most consistent predictors of overall listening performance.
purpose : the american society of clinical oncology ( asco ) published a study in @number@ that anticipated a shortage of oncologists by @number@
patterns of use were then applied to the projected prevalence of cancer , using data from the seer program of the national cancer institute.
results : beginning in @number@ @number@ oncologists and radiation oncologists were active and supplying @number@ full-time equivalents ( ftes ) of patient care.
conclusion : anticipated shortages are largely consistent with the projections of the asco @number@ workforce study but somewhat more delayed.
the aca may modestly exacerbate the shortage.
unless oncologist productivity can be enhanced , the anticipated shortage will strain the ability to provide quality cancer care.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) can be considered as an intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia.
its screening is extremely important because within a year in 15-20% of cases dementia can evolve.
to eliminate this problem , the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) was developed , especially for screening mci.
our study presents the first results with the hungarian translation of moca.
we used beck depression inventory ( bdi ) for controlling depression.
in moca the cutoff score between healthy and mci persons was @number@ out of @number@
moca was more sensitive in detecting mci than mmse and its inner consistency was also slightly higher.
specificity of the tests to detect mci was similar.
the results on bdi were not related to either moca or mmse.
our results suggest that moca can be a useful tool to detect cognitive decline.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and depression ( de ) are common psychiatric disorders strongly intertwined with one another.
nevertheless , etiology and early diagnosis of the disorders are still elusive.
no association to ad was found.
maoa-uvntr did not associate with either ad or de.
however , in ad maoa-uvntr s-allele carriers a steeper increase of hamd and stai1 sum scores ( p < @number@ ) was observed.
still , reinvestigation in a larger cohort similar to this , as well as a meta-analysis , is important to confirm these results.
trabecular but not cortical and subcortical vbmd was also higher ( @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
our results suggest a positive association of dairy intake with appendicular bone mineralization and muscle mass in elderly women.
resistance exercise has been shown to increase in plasma sex steroid hormone levels.
however , it remains unclear whether resistance training can restore impaired steroidogenic enzyme expressions in older individuals.
six young and @number@ older men were recruited , and muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at basal state.
furthermore , the steroidogenesis-related enzymes such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( hsd ) , 17β-hsd , and 5α-reductase expressions were significantly restored by resistance training.
we conclude progressive resistance training restores age-related declines in sex steroidogenic enzyme and muscle sex steroid hormone levels in older men.
the msna was greater in the older groups ( p < @number@ ) only ( sex , p = @number@ ) .
there was a positive relation between msna and fvr ( p = @number@ ) in men but not women ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no significant relations between msna and lv mass , lvedv or lvesv.
autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder , with a known impact on quality of life.
yet the developmental trajectory of quality of life is not well understood.
first , the effect of age on quality of life was studied with a meta-analysis.
our meta-analysis included @number@ studies ( published between @number@ and @number@ ) with a combined sample size of @number@ people with autism and @number@ controls.
age did not have an effect on quality of life.
the study concerning the elderly with autism showed that the difference in quality of life is similar in the elderly.
age , iq and symptom severity did not predict quality of life in this sample.
across the lifespan , people with autism experience a much lower quality of life compared to people without autism.
hence , the quality of life seemed to be independent of someone's age.
uncoated pdms microchannel networks rapidly adsorb high levels of fibrinogen in blood contacting applications.
fibrinogen adsorption initiates platelet activation , and causes a rapid increase in pressure across microchannel networks , rendering them useless for long term applications.
here , we describe the modification of sealed pdms microchannels using an oxygen plasma pretreatment and poly ( ethylene glycol ) grafting approach.
we present results regarding the testing of the coated microchannels after extended periods of aging and blood exposure.
our coated microchannel networks also displayed a significant reduction in the coagulation response under whole blood flow.
further , pressure across coated microchannel networks took over @number@ times longer to double than the uncoated controls.
collectively , our data implies the potential for a coating platform for microfluidic devices in many blood-contacting applications.
background : senile entropion is a common pathology of the aging lid.
chronic irritation of the conjunctiva and / or cornea is bothersome to the patients and may cause severe complications.
surgical intervention is typically required.
patients and methods : in a retrospective study @number@ surgeries were evaluated.
mean follow-up time was @number@ ( 6-96 ) months.
@number@ entropions were recurrencies , one surgery was performed after ectropion.
patient satisfaction , complications and symptoms after surgery and frequency of repeated surgery were evaluated by sending a questionnaire with subsequent telephone survey.
results : the transverse blepharotomy was successful in @number@ cases ( @number@ % ) as a primary surgical intervention.
in recurrencies , a successful result was obtained in @number@ lids ( @number@ % ) .
the overall success rate in our series was @number@ % and rose to @number@ % in cases of primary surgery.
even in recurrent disease , @number@ % of surgeries resulted in sustained correction of the lid malposition.
forty-one lumbar disk patients were evaluated imaging for degenerative changes and their disk specimens immunohistochemical expression of mmp-1 and timp-1.
the degree of degenerative changes was based on magnetic resonance imaging films.
sections of disk immunostained for mmp-1 and timp-1 were evaluated semiquantitatively.
patients were categorized in three age groups : < 30 years , from @number@ to @number@ years , and > 60 years of age.
the expressions of mmp-1 and timp-1 were related to patients ' age and degree of degenerative changes.
there were statistical differences in the expression of mmp-1 and timp-1 between the age and degree of degenerative changes groups.
with the degree of degenerative changes , the expression of mmp-1 and timp-1 increased obviously.
but in old age group , the expression of mmp-1 / timp-1 was higher than the young groups.
the expressions of mmp-1 and timp-1 were strongly correlated to the age and the degree of the degenerative changes.
an important finding in this study is the unbalance of the expression of mmp-1 and timp-1 along with the growth of the age.
to understand the underlying mechanisms of the well-established snarc effect , it seems essential to explore the considerable inter-individual variability characterizing it.
the present study assesses the respective roles of inhibition , age , working memory ( wm ) and response speed.
interestingly , whereas a significant part of the age influence was mediated by cognitive inhibition , age also directly impacted the snarc effect.
similarly , cognitive inhibition abilities explained inter-individual variability in number-space associations over and above the factors age , wm capacity and response speed.
calcium ( ca ( 2 + ) ) is an universal second messenger that regulates the most important activities of all eukaryotic cells.
it is of critical importance to neurons as it participates in the transmission of the depolarizing signal and contributes to synaptic activity.
ca ( 2 + ) influx into neurons occurs through plasma membrane receptors and voltage-dependent ion channels.
the contribution of altered ca ( 2 + ) signaling in the most important neurological disorders will then be considered.
we examined the association between the vacs index and hiv-associated neurocognitive impairment ( nci ) .
biomarkers used in calculating the vacs index were measured in prospectively collected blood samples using conventional laboratory methods.
nci was defined using global and seven domain deficit scores.
this relation was statistically significant for most cognitive domains in adjusted models.
furthermore , the vacs index predicted concurrent nci beyond nadir cd4 and estimated duration of infection.
older age , lower hemoglobin , and lower cd4 counts were the vacs components most strongly linked to nci.
conclusions : the findings extend previous research on the potential usefulness of the vacs index in predicting hiv-associated outcomes to include nci.
additional research is needed to determine if a more sensitive and specific index can be developed.
background : osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common problem in elderly , but it is not an inevitable feature of ageing.
about 80-90% of individuals of both sexes have radiographic evidence of oa by the time they reach an age of @number@
but not all of them have the symptoms like pain and decreased joint motion.
the ultrastructure of the cartilage from the two groups was compared with each other.
in osteoarthritic cartilage , degenerating or necrotic chondrocytes were found.
nuclei of these chondrocytes appeared lobulated or indented.
chondrocytes below the fibrillated surface had dilated and irregular endoplasmic reticulum.
amount of perinuclear intracytoplasmic fine filaments was also increased in the chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage.
conclusion : ultrastructural findings of the osteoarthritic articular cartilage were much different from the ageing non-osteoarthritic cartilage.
hence , oa should be considered a specific process and not simply an inevitable feature of ageing.
phytomedicine has been successfully used in dermatology horizon for thousands of years.
the jojoba plant produces esters of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids ( waxes ) as a seed lipid energy reserve.
the liquid wax is an important substrate for a variety of industrial applications and is used in skin treatment preparations.
the oil from the jojoba plant is the main biological source of wax esters and has a multitude of potential applications.
the intention of the review is to summarize the data regarding the uses of jojoba in dermatology for readers and researchers.
promotion of home medical care is absolutely necessary in japan where is a rapidly aging society.
in home medical care settings , triadic communications among the doctor , patient and the family are common.
however , the circumstances associated with dpc without family are unclear.
dpc without family occurred in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the families analyzed.
in conclusion , the visiting doctors should bear in mind that the background factor of the occurrence of dpc without family is patient's malignant tumors.
post-operative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) is associated with increased cost of care , morbidity , and mortality.
however , its pathogenesis remains largely to be determined.
specifically , it is unknown why elderly patients are more likely to develop pocd and whether pocd is dependent on general anesthesia.
we therefore set out to investigate the effects of peripheral surgery on the cognition and alzheimer-related neuropathology in mice with different ages.
abdominal surgery under local anesthesia was established in the mice.
these findings would likely promote more research to investigate the pathogenesis of pocd.
forehead cooling activates the sympathetic nervous system and can trigger angina pectoris in susceptible individuals.
however , the effect of forehead cooling on coronary blood flow velocity ( cbv ) is not well understood.
a subset of subjects ( n = @number@ ) also underwent the procedures after an intravenous infusion of propranolol.
rate pressure product ( rpp ) was used as an index of myocardial oxygen demand.
consistent with our second hypothesis , forehead cooling reduced cbv under propranolol despite a significant rise in rpp.
the results are consistent with sympathetic activation of β-receptor coronary vasodilation in humans , as has been demonstrated in animals.
septal systolic motion is towards the left ventricle ( lv ) in healthy hearts.
patients with pulmonary regurgitation ( pr ) and right ventricular ( rv ) volume overload have systolic septal motion toward the rv.
this may affect the longitudinal contribution from atrioventricular plane displacement ( avpd ) and septal and lateral contribution to stroke volume ( sv ) .
the study aimed to quantify these contributions to sv in patients with pr.
cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used for assessment of cardiac volumes.
pr patients have decreased longitudinal contribution to rvsv and increased lateral pumping , resulting in larger outer volume changes and septal motion towards the rv.
decreased avpd suggests that tricuspid annular excursion , a marker of rv function , is less valid in these patients.
rna-seq identified many more differentially expressed transcripts enriched in immune system processes.
other coordinately expressed modules were enriched for lymphoid and / or myeloid signature transcripts and genes induced by il-17 in keratinocytes.
dermally expressed genes were significantly downregulated in psoriatic biopsies , most likely because of expansion of the epidermal compartment.
coronary heart disease ( chd ) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world.
primary and secondary prevention strategies have improved tremendously.
conventional risk factors are identified and treated with intensive pharmacotherapy.
despite these measures , the incidence of chd is on the rise in developed countries.
this review examines the association of arterial stiffness with cardiovascular disease.
the protein deacetylase sirt1 regulates various pathways in metabolism , aging and cancer.
however , the role of sirt1 in skin cancer remains unclear.
the gene dosage-dependent function of sirt1 in dna repair and cell survival is consistent with the dual roles of sirt1 in uvb-induced skin tumorigenesis.
influenza virus and streptococcus pneumoniae are two major pathogens that lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
this system induces a more balanced th1- and th2-type cytokine response which supports both mucosal siga and systemic igg1 and igg2a ab responses.
cell cycle-related kinase ( ccrk ) is essential for ar-induced hepatocarcinogenesis but its molecular function in hbv-associated hcc remains obscure.
objective : to determine the molecular function of ccrk in hbv-associated hcc.
design : transcriptional regulation was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation , promoter mutation and luciferase reporter assays.
protein expressions were examined in clinical samples and correlated with patient survival by log-rank mantel-cox test.
the viral transactivator in turn induced ccrk expression through enhanced ar signalling , thus forming a positive regulatory loop.
conclusions : our findings highlight the critical role of ccrk in a self-reinforcing circuitry that regulates hbv-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
further characterisation of this intricate viral-host signalling may provide new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hcc treatment.
the performance of @number@ children from four to fourteen years of age and @number@ adult rhesus monkeys was compared.
for this dmts task , a shape was displayed on the center one of three press-plates.
a modified power function provided an excellent fit for the data for monkeys and children.
the forgetting rates in children decreased with age , and the forgetting rates for monkeys were most comparable to those of younger children.
the data also suggest that proactive interference did not significantly contribute to the forgetting rates for monkeys or younger children.
the objective of the study was to measure the costs of implementing the enhancefitness program to elderly residents of south florida.
cost data were collected from agencies participating in the delivery of enhancefitness classes in south florida.
cost questionnaires were e-mailed to program coordinators from agencies participating in the delivery of enhancefitness classes.
program coordinators worked with accounting staff to complete the questionnaires.
questionnaires were returned via e-mail.
costs were presented from the perspective of participating agencies.
total costs were divided by the number of classes being offered by each agency to determine cost per class per month.
average monthly costs per class were $ 1 , 713 during the first year of implementation and $ 873 during the second year of implementation.
the results are useful for community agencies considering implementing enhancefitness for their populations.
target audience : this continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.
design : cross-sectional , comparative design.
main outcome measures : five-times-sit-to-stand , tug , physical activity , quality of life , comorbidities , falls , and body mass index.
five-times-sit-to-stand and tug were strongly correlated with each other , r = @number@ @number@ p < @number@ for vu- and vu + , respectively.
test-retest reliabilities for the ftsts and tug tests were high ( intraclass correlation coefficient = @number@.89-0.94 ) for the vu + and vu-.
within each group , correlations of ftsts and tug were similar for each of the variables examined.
conclusions : the vu + group exhibited poorer physical performance than the vu- group.
clinicians need easy-to-perform reliable clinical tests such as ftsts and tug to assess mobility of aging injection users with venous ulcers.
the relationships between ta and known prognostic factors were also analyzed.
mpn showed elevated ta compared with controls ( @number@ vs. @number@ p = 0.020 ) .
mds patients showed a ta value of @number@
conclusion : there was no association between age and ta in bone marrow hematopoietic cells.
ta was elevated in mpn but borderline in mds , probably because of differences in the nature of the diseases.
objective : prehabilitation consists in providing a repetitive physical exercise before surgery to improve the postoperative recovery course.
this review aims to evaluate the feasibility and the expected benefits of prehabilitation on the postoperative recovery course and the reduction of the postoperative morbidity.
data sources : data research has focused on english-language articles in the medline database , published from @number@ to @number@
keywords , used separately or in combination , were : prehabilitation , functional capacity , postoperative morbidity , physical activity.
study selection : selected articles were original articles , clinical cases , review articles and meta-analysis.
data extraction : articles were analyzed for feasibility , benefits and limitations of preoperative physical preparation techniques.
data synthesis : poor preoperative functional status is associated with increased postoperative morbidity.
elderly are more prone to postoperative complications.
the improvement of preoperative physical status of these patients is possible and may reduce morbidity and allow faster recovery after major surgery.
an average of three sessions per week over a period of six to eight weeks before surgery seemed a good compromise between feasibility and effectiveness.
conclusion : the effectiveness of prehabilitation has been demonstrated in cardiovascular surgery and probably in abdominal surgery.
prehabilitation must be integrated into the overall patient medical management , and must be associated with preoperative refeeding and postoperative rehabilitation protocols.
by optimizing all stages of the surgical patient management , from diagnosis to recovery , prognosis of high-risk surgical patients could be improved.
previous pharmacological evidence suggested that up-regulation of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 ( ho-1 ) in astrocytes promotes transformation of normal mitochondria to ca-like inclusions.
results : hmox1 transfection induced cytoplasmic vacuolation and the accumulation of pas + inclusions in cultured astroglia.
numbers of ho-1-positive ca were significantly increased in certain hippocampal strata of mci subjects relative to nci preparations.
mnsod and ub proteins co-localized to ca in both the control and mci specimens.
conclusions : ho-1 promotes mitochondrial damage and ca biogenesis in astrocyte cultures and in the intact aging brain.
ca formation is enhanced in the mci hippocampus and thus occurs relatively early in the pathogenesis of ad.
glial ho-1 suppression may attenuate bioenergetic failure and slow disease progression in ad and other neurodegenerative conditions featuring accelerated accumulation of ca.
the aim of this study was to determine if cs activates complement and if the antioxidant transcription factor nrf2 modulates this response.
cigarette smoke extract ( cse ) induced nrf2 nuclear translocation in rpe cells with increased antioxidant and complement gene expression.
c5b-9 was increased by cse , but at sublytic levels , only after addition of normal human serum.
nrf2 knockdown enhanced the increase in c3a and c3b from cse , but not ic3b , c5a , or c5b-9.
cse also increased il-1b expression and secretion after c3a generation and was reduced by a c3ar antagonist.
in contrast , the nrf2 activator cddo-im restored complement gene expression in rpe cells exposed to cse.
type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) is a major risk factor for late-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
mouse models in which hyperleucinemia was present displayed hippocampus-selective retromer deficiency.
our results suggest that hyperleucinemia may account , in part , for the association of insulin resistance / t2d with ad.
beta oscillations are involved in movement and have previously been linked to levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gaba.
we examined changes in beta oscillations during rest and movement in primary motor cortex ( m1 ) .
during movement , increasing age was associated with increased mrbd amplitude in ipsilateral m1 and reduced frequency ( in contralateral and ipsilateral m1 ) .
these findings would be consistent with greater gabaergic inhibitory activity within motor cortices of older subjects.
amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) aggregation is considered to be a critical step in the neurodegeneration of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in addition to aβ , many proteins aggregate into the amyloid state , in which they form elongated fibers with spines comprising stranded β-sheets.
however , the cross-seeding effects of other protein aggregates on aβ aggregation pathways are not completely clear.
interestingly , the fibrillar seeds of all amyloidogenic proteins functioned as seeds.
the cross-seeding effect of actin was stronger but that of fibroin was weaker than that of other proteins.
furthermore , our nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies identified the binding sites of aβ with the amyloidogenic proteins.
nk cells represent an important component of the innate immune response against infection and tumors.
age-associated changes in nk cell phenotype have been previously reported that can be responsible of functional nk cell deficiency.
background aims : flap necrosis is the most commonly encountered outcome influencing the effect of operations in clinical practice.
however , autologous stem cells are limited in both quantity and quality in aging individuals.
hence , xenogenic stem cell therapy was used in this study.
at @number@ days after operation , the viability of the flaps from both groups was evaluated.
moreover , dil labeling was administrated to trace the homing of the transplanted stem cells.
additionally , no significant difference in the immune response was detected between the groups.
the yam tuber is a traditional chinese medicine used in long-term treatment as a juvenescent substance.
the purified yam tuber's major water-soluble protein , dioscorin , and its protease hydrolysates have been reported to have several biological activities.
the plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) level and advanced glycation end-products obtained after dioscorin oral administrations were lower compared to the gal group.
these elevated antioxidant activities following oral administration of yam dioscorin in vivo may reflect traditional juvenescent uses with the potential for anti-aging treatments.
the ability of the human immune system to repel infections is drastically diminished with age.
elderly individuals are more susceptible to new threats and are less able to control endogenous infections.
initial studies using next generation sequencing are beginning to establish lower boundaries of t cell receptor diversity.
chronic cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection may contribute significantly to t-cell immunosenescence , chronic inflammation , and adverse health outcomes in older adults.
recent studies suggest detectable cmv dna in peripheral monocytes as a better indicator for this persistent viral infection than anti-cmv igg serology.
the results showed that anti-cmv igg titers did not change over twelve years.
these findings indicate that anti-cmv igg serology is neither sensitive to change nor useful for monitoring chronic cmv infection over time.
dna topoisomerases pass dna strands through each other , a function essential for all dna metabolic processes that create supercoils or entanglements of dna.
indeed , many dna-damaging agents act through enhancing topoisomerase dna cleavage.
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) clearly requires topoisomerase activity for transcription and replication , because it is a closed , double-stranded dna molecule.
it is a reasonable surmise that these enzymes exhibit similar ambiguity with respect to genome maintenance and gene transcription as their nuclear counterparts.
aging significantly decreases the influenza vaccine-specific response as we and others have previously shown.
we here show that the ability to generate a vaccine-specific antibody response is negatively correlated with levels of serum tnf-α.
these all negatively correlate with b cell function , measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase , the enzyme of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation.
aging leads to reduced immunity , especially adaptive responses.
a key deficiency is the poor ability to mount robust antibody response.
other cd4 effector responses and memory generation are also impaired.
when we examine cd4 subsets we also find a shift towards th1 and cytotoxic cd4 ( thctl ) responses.
we summarize strategies to circumvent the cd4 t cell defect in aged , including adjuvants and proinflammatory cytokines.
the enhanced response of aged naïve cd4 t cells is dependent on il-6 produced by the dc.
the ability of injured axons to regenerate declines with age , yet the mechanisms that regulate axon regeneration in response to age are not known.
here we show that axon regeneration in aging c. elegans motor neurons is inhibited by the conserved insulin / igf1 receptor daf-2.
daf-2's function in regeneration is mediated by intrinsic neuronal activity of the forkhead transcription factor daf-16 / foxo.
daf-16 regulates regeneration independently of lifespan , indicating that neuronal aging is an intrinsic , neuron-specific , and genetically regulated process.
in addition , we found that daf-18 / pten inhibits regeneration independently of age and foxo signaling via the tor pathway.
together , our data establish that insulin signaling specifically inhibits regeneration in aging adult neurons and that this mechanism is independent of pten and tor.
multilevel logistic regression was used and proportional changes in intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) were inspected to assert explained variance between models.
results : the prevalence of elder abuse showed large variations across sites.
when the gini coefficient was considered , the highest drop in icc was observed for financial abuse ( from @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
older adults commonly report muscle fatigue , which may be associated with reduced walking ability.
elderly may have insufficient awareness of the balance threat caused by muscle fatigue.
the aim of this study was to analyze the interaction effects of aging and leg muscle fatigue on gait parameters in walking and obstacle crossing.
participants performed three trials of unobstructed level ground walking and obstacle crossing during walking before and after quadriceps muscle fatigue.
the results confirmed our hypothesis , showing age-related effects of leg muscles fatigue in both gait conditions.
transgene excision via cre-recombinase reverses cognitive decline , even at 18-months of age.
secondly , we generated a human wild-type tau-overexpressing mouse.
in lower eukaryotes , chronic fasting extends longevity , in part , by reprogramming metabolic and stress resistance pathways.
thus , fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing the side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions.
pigmentation genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this association.
we therefore examined whether genetic susceptibility loci for pigmentation or melanoma was associated with pd risk in @number@ large independent datasets.
all participants were non-hispanic whites.
as expected , in the page study , most snps were associated with @number@ or more pigmentation phenotypes.
in the ipdgc analysis , none of the @number@ snps , including rs4911414 , were associated with pd risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons.
in conclusion , we did not find significant associations between gwas snps of pigmentation or melanoma and the risk for pd.
tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity rely on rare populations of somatic stem cells endowed with the potential to self-renew and differentiate.
during aging , many tissues show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss of stem cell function.
cells including somatic stem cells have evolved a series of checks and balances to sense and repair cellular damage to maximize tissue function.
however , during aging the mechanisms that protect normal cell function begin to fail.
in this review , we will discuss how common cellular mechanisms that maintain tissue fidelity and organismal lifespan impact somatic stem cell function.
interestingly , many organs house both slow-cycling and fast-cycling sc populations , which rely on the coexistence of quiescent and inductive niches for proper regulation.
in this review we present a general definition of adult sc niches in the most studied mammalian systems.
we further focus on dissecting their cellular organization and on highlighting recently identified key molecular regulators.
finally , we detail the potential involvement of the sc niche in tissue degeneration , with a particular emphasis on aging and cancer.
the formation of the hippocampus is generated during embryonic development , but most neurons within the structure are produced after birth.
the hippocampus is a primary region of neurogenesis within the adult mammalian brain.
adult-born neurons have to integrate into the established neural circuitry throughout life.
adult hippocampal neurogenesis is dynamic , responding to physiological and pathological stimuli that may promote brain function or contribute to diseases such as epilepsy.
here , we review some of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the development of the hippocampus , as well as in adult neurogenesis.
we discuss some recent findings suggesting heterogeneity within the hippocampal stem cell pool and the regulation of activation of quiescent stem cells.
finally , we discuss some of the issues relating neurogenesis to pathophysiology and aging.
these two opposing forces are finely orchestrated by several regulatory mechanisms , comprising both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
in addition , aberrant epigenetic marks have been found in several hematological malignancies , consistent with clinical findings that mutations targeting epigenetic regulators promote leukemogenesis.
in this review , we will focus on both normal and malignant hematopoiesis , covering recent findings that illuminate the epigenetic life of hscs.
all were clinically examined by physicians and nurses using standardized protocols.
disability was defined as a need for assistance in one or more adl activities.
the prevalence of disability and survival were compared using logistic and cox models.
there was no significant difference in survival time between the cohorts in either adl disabled persons or non-disabled persons.
in general , women survived longer than men did regardless of whether they were adl disabled or not.
the time trends for adl disability found in the study show that adl disability had increased in women but not in men.
more studies are needed to identify risk factors for adl disability with a view to preventing it in time.
recent studies in mice have identified single molecules that can delay multiple diseases of aging and extend lifespan.
in theory , such molecules could prevent dozens of diseases simultaneously , potentially extending healthy years of life.
sirtuins comprise a family of nad⁺-dependent deacylases that are central to the body's response to diet and exercise.
ten residents ( @number@ female ; @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in @date@ / week seated qigong sessions for 10-weeks.
bp and qol were assessed pre- and post-session at baseline and following 5- and 10-weeks of qigong.
diastolic bp and qol remained unchanged ( p > @number@ ) .
a session of seated qigong elicits a hypotensive response with exposure , supporting the notion that repeated sessions may provide advantageous health benefits.
cam use has grown and become popular among patients.
in dermatology , honey , green tea , and vitamin c have been used as topical treatments for a variety of diseases.
we performed a systematic review to explore the cutaneous effects of each of these three products.
honey's unique antibacterial , anti-inflammatory , and antioxidant properties were shown to contribute to wound healing , especially in ulcers and burns.
green tea , among many health benefits , demonstrated protection from ultraviolet-induced events , such as photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer growth.
future large well-designed clinical trials are needed in order to further investigate the potential of these agents as dermatological therapies.
background : adverse early life conditions such as perceived low quality of parental bonding increase vulnerability to stress and psychopathology in adulthood.
however , the mechanisms by which perceptions of parental bonding translate into vulnerability are unclear and remain sparsely investigated in healthy populations.
direct and indirect effects mediated through trait harm avoidance were examined in a structural equation model.
moreover , indirect effects of trait harm avoidance significantly attenuated the direct effects of parental overprotection and care on perceived stress.
overall , the quality of sperm decreases progressively with age , without any age limit that can be individualized.
alterations of spermatogenesis do not seem significantly compromising fertility in the elderly.
the clinical impact of testicular aging implies androgen production decrease and diseases associated with aging.
however , the mechanisms linking them are not clear.
our results provide insights into the neural systems underlying the relationship between cv risk and executive function.
increased activation of the inferior parietal region may offer a pathway through which cv risk increases risk for cognitive impairment.
trem and trem-like receptors are a structurally similar protein family encoded by genes clustered on chromosome 6p21.11.
recent studies have identified a rare coding variant ( p.r47h ) in trem2 that confers a high risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , little is known about the functional variant underlying the latter association or its relationship with the p.r47h.
exposure to chronic stressors is associated with accelerated biological aging as indicated by reduced leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) .
this impact could be because of chronic overactivation of the body's physiological stress systems.
this study examined the associations between ltl and the immune system , axis and autonomic nervous system.
ltl was assessed in @number@ adults from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety.
linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for sociodemographic , lifestyle and clinical factors.
shorter ltl was significantly associated with higher c-reactive protein , interleukin-6 , area under the curve with respect to increase , and heart rate.
a cumulative index score was calculated based on the number of highest tertiles of these @number@ stress markers.
contrary to the expectations , shorter ltl was also associated with longer pre-ejection period , indicating lower sympathetic tone.
gv1001 is a 16-amino-acid vaccine peptide derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase sequence.
we investigated the effects of gv1001 against β-amyloid ( aβ ) oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in rat neural stem cells ( nscs ) .
primary culture nscs were treated with several concentrations of gv1001 and / or aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer for @number@ hours.
gv1001 protected nscs against the aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer in a concentration-dependent manner.
aβ₂₅₋₃₅ concentration dependently decreased viability , proliferation , and mobilization of nscs and gv1001 treatment restored the cells to wild-type levels.
aβ₂₅₋₃₅ increased free radical levels in rat nscs while combined treatment with gv1001 significantly reduced these levels.
de novo mutations could account for a sizable number of apparently sporadic als patients carrying mutations of als-related genes.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder involving the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in als disease progression and has been observed in several als cellular and animal models.
this causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate produced by oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in adenosine triphosphate produced by glycolysis.
switching the energy source from glucose to galactose caused uncoupling of mitochondria with increased proton leak in sod1 ( i113t ) fibroblasts.
previous studies have suggested a link between sleep disordered breathing ( sdb ) and dementia risk.
in the present study , we analyzed the relationship between sdb severity , cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) alzheimer's disease-biomarkers , and the apoe alleles.
our observations suggest that there is an association between sdb and csf alzheimer's disease-biomarkers in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
existing therapies for sdb such as continuous positive airway pressure could delay the onset to mild cognitive impairment or dementia in normal elderly individuals.
this was accompanied by a significant decrease in expression of reductase , and a significant increase in expression of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase.
h67d-hfe mice also had a greater reduction in brain volume and poorer recognition and spatial memory than wt-hfe mice , symptoms associated with ad.
these results indicate that the alterations in cholesterol metabolism associated with expression of h63d-hfe may contribute to the development of ad.
non-cell-autonomous dna damage responses activate the innate immune system in multiple metazoan species.
genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous risk loci associated with diverse diseases.
however , identification of disease-causing variants within association loci remains a major challenge.
divergence in gene expression due to cis-regulatory variants in noncoding regions is central to disease susceptibility.
analysis of established type @number@ diabetes risk loci revealed a striking clustering of distinct homeobox tfbs.
self-reported sedentary time was assessed by questionnaire and examined in @number@ categories ( ≤4 , > 4-8 , ≥8-11 , > 11 hours ) .
mortality risks were examined using cox proportional hazard models adjusting for confounders.
analyses were conducted in 2012-2013.
results : the mean follow-up period was @number@ years.
for all mortality outcomes , there were significant linear tests for trend.
conclusions : there was a linear relationship between greater amounts of sedentary time and mortality risk after controlling for multiple potential confounders.
identifying factors related to ltl among african americans may yield insights into mechanisms underlying racial disparities in health.
methods : cross-sectional study of a community sample of @number@ african-american men aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
participants were recruited from february to @date@ .
ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine ltl in kilobase pairs in relation to racial discrimination and implicit racial bias.
data analysis was completed in @date@ .
those demonstrating a stronger implicit anti-black bias and reporting higher levels of racial discrimination had the shortest ltl.
household income-to-poverty threshold ratio was also associated with ltl ( b = 0.05 , se = 0.02 , p < 0.01 ) .
societal efforts to address racial discrimination in concert with efforts to promote positive in-group racial attitudes may protect against premature biological aging in this population.
because the retina provides a noninvasive window to assess the microcirculation , we determined whether quantitatively measured retinal microvascular parameters are associated with ad.
methods : we conducted a case-control study ( case : control matching ≈ 1 : 2 ) .
results : we included @number@ demented patients with ad and @number@ age-gender-race-matched controls.
these associations still persisted when only ad cases without a history of cerebrovascular disease were included.
these changes in retinal microvasculature may reflect similar pathophysiological processes in cerebral microvasculature in the brains of patients with ad.
methods : we measured plasma biomarker levels at baseline and @number@ hours in consecutive ais subjects.
wmhv and age were strongly correlated ( ρ = .57 , p < .0001 ) .
in multivariate analysis , 48-hour mmp-2 levels were independently associated with wmhv ( β = .12 , p = .04 ) .
mmp-9 and f2-isioprostane levels did not correlate with wmhv.
conclusions : in ais patients , mmp-2 levels are associated with the pre-existing burden of wmh.
design : phenomenology-based qualitative inquiry.
setting : a total of @number@ community-based clinics affiliated with a naturopathic medical school.
participants : a total of @number@ adults aged 58-100 years.
methods : qualitative analysis of semi-structured focus groups with quantitative analysis of clinical administrative data.
participants reported they sought nm because it offered a different system of care aligned with their values.
themes further distilled into optimal descriptive characteristics of patient-centered providers that may best support older adults ' healthy aging.
a final theme described barriers to further utilization.
several lines of inquiry point to overlapping molecular mechanisms between late-onset alzheimer disease ( ad ) and age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
next , we evaluated association of amd with genes in ad-related pathways identified by canonical pathway analysis of ad-associated genes.
our results suggest that amd and ad share genetic mechanisms.
introduction and objectives : the present study aimed to compare elderly and young female voices in habitual and high intensity.
the effect of increased intensity on the acoustic and perceptual parameters was assessed.
perceptual assessment was also performed.
results : both groups demonstrated an increase in sound pressure level and fundamental frequency from habitual voice to high intensity voice.
no differences were found between groups in any acoustic variables on samples recorded with habitual intensity level.
no significant differences between groups were found in habitual intensity level for pitch , hoarseness , roughness , and breathiness.
conclusions : acoustic and perceptual measures do not demonstrate evident differences between elderly and young speakers in habitual intensity level.
the parameters analyzed may lack the sensitivity necessary to detect differences in subjects with normal voices.
phonation with high intensity highlights differences between groups , especially in perceptual parameters.
therefore , high intensity should be included to compare elderly and young voice.
the main aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and consequence of ltcfs-acquired infections in taiwan through a 16-month follow-up.
this prospective cohort study invited residents of @number@ private ltcfs in taipei for study.
during the study period , @number@ ltcf-acquired infections occurred , and the incidence was estimated to be @number@ episodes per @number@ resident-days.
subjects with ltcf-acquired infections were more likely to die than those without infections.
besides , subjects with lymphopenia and long-term use of feeding tube and / or urinary catheters were significant risk factors for ltcf-acquired infections.
however , poorer functional status and occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections were significant predictive factors for all-cause mortality.
in conclusion , the period prevalence of ltcf-acquired infections was higher in taiwan than previous reports , but the incidence was similar.
in addition to traditional risk factors , lymphopenia , a surrogate indicator for immunosenescence , was a significant risk factor for ltcf-acquired infections.
sirt6 functions as an adp-ribosylase and nad ( + ) -dependent deacylase of both acetyl groups and long-chain fatty-acyl groups.
such roles may contribute to the overall longevity and health of the organism.
until recently , the known functions of sirt6 were largely restricted to the chromatin.
evidence from five observational cohort studies of @number@ patients ( @percent@ male ) with cv disease indicates that crf significantly alters the obesity paradox.
further study is needed to better characterize the joint contribution of crf and obesity on mortality in diverse populations.
objectives : to examine whether patients with newly diagnosed cancer respond differently to supplemental coverage than the general medicare population.
two-year total medical care spending was estimated by using generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link-including endogeneity-corrected models.
interactions between cancer and type of insurance allowed testing for differential effects of a cancer diagnosis.
results : the cancer cohort spent an adjusted $ 15 , 605 more over @number@ years than did the noncancer comparison group.
for beneficiaries with cancer , supplemental insurance effects were similar in magnitude yet negative , suggesting little net effect of supplemental insurance for cancer patients.
the endogeneity-corrected models produced implausibly large main effects of supplemental insurance , but the cancer × insurance interactions were similar in both models.
conclusions : medicare beneficiaries with cancer are less responsive to the presence and type of supplemental insurance than are beneficiaries without cancer.
policymakers should consider welfare effects associated with coverage restrictions.
malondialdehyde ( mda ) levels were measured as a proxy of lipid peroxidation.
multiple linear regressions showed that circadian rhythm disturbance was independently associated with increased lipid peroxidation in females with bd ( p < @number@ ) .
circadian rhythms were not associated with lipid peroxidation in healthy controls , where aging was the only significant predictor.
this study provides a basis for further investigation of the links between oxidative stress and circadian rhythms in the neurobiology of bd.
background : flow-mediated dilation ( fmd ) following reactive hyperaemia can use different time-point measures for baseline diameter.
the aim of this study is to compare preocclusion , occlusion and postocclusion baseline brachial artery measurements on the calculation of peak fmd.
study design : ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery following reactive hyperaemia was conducted in @number@ children and @number@ adults.
baseline brachial artery measures were a 10-s average before ( preocclusion ) , during ( occlusion ) and after ( postocclusion ) hyperaemia.
peak fmd was defined as the greatest percent change from baseline to the peak brachial artery diameter following reactive hyperaemia.
conclusion : we found no difference in fmd regardless of the baseline brachial artery diameter used in children and adults.
therefore , compilation of data and comparison of results from studies utilizing different measures of baseline brachial diameter may be able to be conducted.
context : sarcopenia is thought to be associated with mitochondrial ( mito ) loss.
it is unclear whether the decrease in mito content is consequent to aging per se or to decreased physical activity.
peak oxygen uptake was measured by graded exercise test.
results : peak oxygen uptake was strongly correlated with mitovd in @number@ 60- to 80-year-old adults.
comparison of chronically endurance-trained older adults vs s revealed differences in mitovd , atpmax , and some electron transport chain protein complexes.
finally , exercise intervention confirmed that s subjects are able to recover mitovd , atpmax , and specific transcription factors.
the main targets of ros are dna , proteins , and membrane phospholipids.
this action contributes to the skin's aging.
n-acetylcysteine ( nac ) is an acetylated cysteine residue with excellent anti-oxidant activity that boosts glutathione ( gsh ) levels.
all but two collagen genes were up-regulated after @number@ hr of treatment.
local intra-pocket drug delivery devices can provide an effective concentration of the antimicrobial agent at the site of action with avoidance of undesirable side effects.
the scanning electron microscope showed acceptable film appearance and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed complex formation.
the in vitro release studies for both films showed a burst drug release , followed by prolonged release for @number@ h.
a prolonged antibacterial activity of both films against staphylococcus aureus atcc @number@ was observed over a period of @number@ days.
clinical evaluation showed a significant reduction in pocket depth ( p < @number@ ) to their normal values ( ≤3 mm ) .
pec films could be exploited as a prolonged drug release devices for treatment of periodontal pockets.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
participants : seven hundred eighty-six individuals with a mean age of @number@ ( range 26-96 ) ( n = @number@ ) .
a sensitivity analysis was conducted in a subset of participants matched according to sex , muscle mass , and body size.
the association between muscle quality ratio and nerve conduction velocity was maintained after adjustment for anthropometric measurements ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : muscle quality declines progressively with age over the adult life span and is affected by obesity and neurological factors.
studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these associations and their implications for functional outcomes.
there were positive correlations between absolute thresholds and tfs-ipd thresholds , but not envelope-ipd thresholds , when age was accounted for.
this supports the idea that snhl affects tfs processing independently to age.
age was positively correlated with envelope-ipd thresholds at both carrier frequencies and tfs-ipd thresholds at @number@ hz , when absolute thresholds were accounted for.
these results suggest that age negatively affects the binaural processing of envelope and tfs at some frequencies independently of snhl.
objective : to investigate the effectiveness of recent social therapeutic interventions to reduce loneliness in older people.
a total of @number@ relevant studies relating to loneliness interventions were analysed.
results : three studies reporting on new technologies and one on a group work intervention identified significant reductions in loneliness.
conclusion : further research into interventions using new technologies to reduce loneliness in older people is recommended.
to date , no therapies have been developed that can specifically up-regulate this system.
novel strategies for activation of the ups by genetic manipulation and treatment with synthetic compounds have also recently been identified.
introduction : population aging is a worldwide phenomenon.
as a response , the world health organization ( who ) introduced the concept of ' age-friendliness ' in @number@
age-friendliness is defined in terms of a range of domains , such as housing , opportunities for participation , and transportation.
communities that accommodate the needs of older adults in these domains will , it is thought , promote healthy , active aging.
the purpose of the present study was to examine communities ' age-friendliness and its relationship to health-related outcomes in a rural context.
as part of a needs assessment process in these communities , @number@ individuals , including seniors and younger adults , completed an age-friendly survey.
community characteristics were derived from census data.
moreover , communities were categorized on a rural-urban continuum.
when examining more specifically each of the seven age-friendly domains , all but housing was positively related to life satisfaction.
of the community characteristics were related to life satisfaction and self-perceived health , nor was degree of rurality.
conclusions : the concept of age-friendliness has been garnering considerable attention from policy-makers as a way to promote healthy aging.
for example , in canada , several provinces have launched age-friendly initiatives.
public policy initiatives , such as the province of manitoba's age-friendly initiative , may thus be one approach to enhancing healthy aging in rural settings.
eighty composite cylinders were bonded to pretreated ceramic slices using a bis-gma-based resin cement.
then , sbs tests were conducted.
morphological analysis of sandblasted alumina and hot chemical-etched zirconia surfaces were performed by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) .
results : group e displayed the highest sbs before artificial aging , and no statistical difference was found among the other groups.
conclusion : the experimental hot chemical etching solution provides enhanced bonding for zirconia than sandblasting , and the bond strengths remain stable after artificial aging.
circadian rhythms are regulated by a set of clock genes and mutations in clock genes result in short life in animal models.
impaired circadian rhythmicity is related to a decrease of no production with aging , suggesting the important role of no for age-associated diseases.
furthermore , senescence decreases the ability of cells to transmit circadian signals to their clocks.
the results were subjected to correlation analysis versus standard hemostatic parameters.
mean cell volume and enhanced anisocytosis proved the most informative morphological indicators.
the mean platelet volume was increased in all patients before and after surgery especially in the elder age group.
it reflected persistent activation of thrombocytopoiesis as confirmed by the studies of hemostasis.
therefore , these parameters may be used for additional testing in diagnostics of the risk of ischemic complications and repeated thrombosis.
even nowadays , in the medical field , more and more studies prove its efficiency as complementary therapy with no known side-effects.
and at the end of life , music therapy has found a remarkable place for expressing or supporting strong emotional feelings.
evidence-based results on physiological and hormonal changes will also be reviewed.
there are mixed findings regarding racial and ethnic differences in the use of cam.
it also examines the relationship between use of mbt and depression severity.
racial and ethnic differences in mbt use were identified , as was a significant negative relationship between mbt use and depression severity.
african american elders were more likely to have used mbt than other racial or ethnic groups.
findings suggest that being female or younger is associated with a higher likelihood of using cam.
contrary to some prior research , education level was not associated with use of mbt.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) is associated with an increased risk of macrovascular disease.
epidemiological studies suggest that plant polyphenol resveratrol ( rev ) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases.
executive cognitive functions play a critical role in falls risk a pressing health care issue in seniors.
in particular , intact attentional processing is integral for safe mobility and navigation.
however , the specific contribution of impaired visual spatial attention in falls remains unclear.
in this study , we examined the association between visual spatial attention to task-irrelevant stimuli and falls risk in community-dwelling older adults.
participants completed a visual target discrimination task at fixation while task-irrelevant probes were presented in both visual fields.
we assessed attention to left and right peripheral probes using event-related potentials ( erps ) .
falls risk was determined using the valid and reliable physiological profile assessment ( ppa ) .
we found a significantly positive association between reduced attentional facilitation , as measured by the n1 erp component , and falls risk.
this relationship was specific to probes presented in the left visual field and measured at ipsilateral electrode sites.
cardiac hypertrophy is a multifactorial disease characterized by multiple molecular alterations.
akt activation is mainly achieved by its binding to phosphatidylinositol ( @number@ ) -triphosphate.
we investigated the relationship between serum vitamin d and brain mr findings in adult outpatients.
white matter t2 hyperintensities were characterized by size and location by two neuroradiologists.
manual volumetric analysis was assessed in patients more than @number@ years of age.
atrophy was not significantly related to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d by radiologist visual analysis or by the bicaudate ratio.
grss were constructed with @number@ single-nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in stroke and @number@ risk factors.
these analyses were performed per cohort and in a meta-analysis of pooled data.
replication was sought in a case-control study of ischemic stroke.
in all the studies , there was a highly significantly improved net reclassification index ( p < 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
background and purpose : genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple common variants associated with known risk factors for ischemic stroke ( is ) .
however , their aggregate effect on risk is uncertain.
subjects from the metastroke consortium served as a replication sample.
the validation sample consisted of @number@ @number@ participants from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium.
we selected variants that had reached genome-wide significance in previous association studies on established risk factors for is.
subjects in the top quintile of the combined grs had > 2-fold increased risk of is compared with subjects in the lowest quintile.
however , the improvement in clinical risk prediction was found to be small.
the objective of this study was to evaluate whether it can contribute to lv diastolic dysfunction in healthy subjects.
the lv peak early diastolic longitudinal strain rate ( gsre ) was measured using a two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging technique.
background : the issue of ageing within the cohort of people with intellectual disabilities has been an increasing focus for research.
however , the training needs of the staff who support them has not been subject of extensive examination.
results : three rounds of the delphi identified twenty-six separate important issues.
conclusions : the study identified a series of training priorities for staff assisting people ageing with an intellectual disability.
it would appear possible for many training programmes to be developed and delivered with minimal cost impacts even within rural localities.
no significant differences in the response of the pelvis to the llis were found between the age groups.
in all age groups an increase in surface rotation and lateral deviation of the spine with increasing llis was found.
however , none of these parameters responded significantly different between the three age groups.
conclusions : under static conditions , llis lead to significant changes of the pelvic position and spinal posture.
also , l + z in the macula are related to l + z in the cortex.
serum carotenoids were measured using high performance liquid chromatography.
mpod was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry.
eight cognitive tests designed to evaluate several cognitive domains including memory and processing speed were administered.
partial correlation coefficients were computed to determine whether cognitive measures were related to serum l + z and mpod.
conclusion : mpod is related to cognitive function in older people.
its role as a potential biomarker of cognitive function deserves further study.
neurodegenerative diseases , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and parkinson's disease ( pd ) , constitute a major worldwide health problem.
notably , copper dyshomeostasis has been shown to underlie the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including ad and pd.
amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein protein involved in ad and pd are copper binding proteins , respectively.
liver injuries can be significant in vehicle crashes.
in this study , the liver anatomy was quantified in both adult and pediatric populations as a function of gender and age.
five anatomical liver measurements were determined using ct scans of @number@ normal livers.
these measurements include the area and volume , and the length , width , and girth of the liver ( irb hum00041441 ) .
to characterize geometrical shape , an inscribed sphere and circumscribed ellipsoid were fitted on the measurements.
in the pediatric population the liver area and volume continuously increased with age.
in the adult population , liver measurements varied with gender.
the superior and inferior locations of the liver were also recorded with respect to the spine.
the lower portion was at the l3 in small children and at l2 as children approached puberty.
it stayed in that area through the 60 + group , offering more ribcage protection.
liver injury patterns were also assessed in crash occupants.
seventy-two occupants with moderate to severe ( ais 2 + ) liver injuries were investigated.
a new methodology was presented and consisted of quantifying blood volumes.
the results were compared to overall liver volume and injury scales.
no clear distinction on the injury pattern was observed by age group.
liver injuries were more commonly associated with ais 2 + thoracic injuries in adults than in children.
most injuries occurred in the right lobe.
glass polyalkenoate cements ( gpcs ) containing aluminum-free borate glasses having the general composition were evaluated in this work.
an initial screening study of sixteen compositions was used to identify regions of glass formation and cement compositions with promising rheological properties.
the results of the screening study were used to develop four model borate glass compositions for further study.
a second round of rheological experiments was used to identify a preferred gpc formulation for each model glass composition.
the model borate glasses containing higher levels of tio2 ( @number@ mol % ) tended to have longer working times and shorter setting times.
dissolution behavior of the four model gpc formulations was evaluated by measuring ion release profiles as a function of time.
compression testing was undertaken to evaluate cement strength over time during immersion in water.
the cements containing the borate glass with @number@ mol % tio2 had the highest initial compressive strength , ranging between @number@ and @number@ mpa.
no beneficial aging effect was observed-instead , the strength of all four model gpc formulations was found to degrade with time.
methods : patients with arc , and age- , sex- and ethnically-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study.
results : the study included @number@ control subjects and @number@ patients with arc.
the rs10981985 a allele frequency was lower in patients with cortical arc than in control subjects ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
the rs10981985 polymorphism was significantly associated with cortical arc in a dominant genetic model ( or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ ) .
few studies have reported bdnf serum levels in elderly depressed subjects and their relationship with antidepressant therapy.
the aim of the study was to evaluate bdnf serum levels in naive elderly depressed patients , before and after antidepressant treatment.
bdnf serum levels were evaluated through elisa method.
bdnf levels were measured at baseline ( t0 ) and after @number@ months ( t2 ) of escitalopram.
ten healthy elderly subjects were enrolled as a control group.
at t2 , the patients showed a significant improvement of depressive symptoms ( p < @number@ ) , with a not significant increase of mmse.
conclusions : serum bdnf levels may be considered as a marker of response to antidepressant treatment for depression in the elderly.
variation in the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype is associated with cognitive decline in normal aging.
increased symptoms of depression are also associated with greater cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in old age.
rather than being a reaction to worsening cognitive performance with age , depressive symptoms might be a risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.
the severity and frequency of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past three to four decades.
the health effects of increased body mass index as a child may significantly impact obese youth as they age.
however , many of the long-term outcomes of childhood obesity have yet to be studied.
this article examines the currently available longitudinal data evaluating the effects of childhood obesity on adult outcomes.
these disorders can start as early as childhood , and such early onset increases the likelihood of early morbidity and mortality.
being obese as a child also increases the likelihood of being obese as an adult , and obesity in adulthood also leads to obesity-related complications.
background : life expectancy , as well as the average age of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation , increases constantly.
consequently , immunosuppressive therapy is no longer limited to young organ recipients.
results : the inhibition of proliferation was dampened in pbmcs from elderly donors , especially after incubation with rapamycin.
all three immunosuppressive drugs inhibited the production of il-2 equally well , whereas the production of ifn-γ was less well inhibited by rapamycin.
both calcineurin inhibitors increased h2o2 concentrations after stimulation with pha and led to a shortening of telomeres in pbmcs from young and old individuals.
rapamycin had only minor effects on h2o2 production and telomere length.
conclusion : our results demonstrate that the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on pbmcs differ between young and elderly persons.
calcineurin inhibitors compared to rapamycin have a more pronounced prosenescence effect.
these data indicate that specific treatment regimens for the elderly might therefore be considered.
arousing events are better remembered than mundane events.
indeed , manipulation of arousal , such as by muscle tension , can influence memory even when it occurs shortly after learning.
yet , systematic studies , especially those investigating different modalities or types of memory , have not been done.
this study investigated the effects of a brief bout of isometric exercise via handgrip on narrative and visuospatial episodic memory in healthy elders.
isometric exercise significantly increased both positive and negative affect ratings.
retention was tested @number@ weeks later.
delayed recall and recognition of lm was enhanced by arousal relative to control , as was recognition of the bvrt.
periods of deliberate fasting with restriction of solid food intake are practiced worldwide , mostly based on traditional , cultural or religious reasons.
the beneficial effects of fasting followed by vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis are confirmed by randomized controlled trials.
intermittent fasting may also be useful as an accompanying treatment during chemotherapy of cancer.
fasting therapy might contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and should be further evaluated in controlled clinical trials and observational studies.
we examined whether food insecurity is associated with prevalent ckd among lower-income individuals in both the general us adult population and an urban population.
skin naturally changes with age , becoming more fragile.
various stimuli can alter skin integrity.
the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation affects the integrity of dna in skin and exacerbates the effects of aging.
fifteen-month old female hairless mice underwent @number@ h of paradoxical sleep deprivation or @number@ days of chronic sleep restriction.
punch biopsies of the skin were taken to evaluate dna damage by single cell gel ( comet ) assay.
neither paradoxical sleep deprivation nor sleep restriction increased genetic damage , measured by tail movement and tail intensity values.
taken together , the findings are consistent with the notion that aging overrides the effect of sleep loss on the genetic damage in elderly mice.
this disease is clinically characterized by soft tissue fusion of the digits , abnormal craniofacial bone development , small eyes and loss of tooth enamel.
dendritic cells ( dcs ) play an important role in both immunological tolerance and immunity as well as in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses.
ageing is characterized by progressive immunodeficiency , inflammation , and autoimmunity.
dna from aged is hypomethylated and hypomethylation is associated with increased immunogenecity of self dna.
age associated decline of the immune system continues to be a major health concern.
all components of innate and adaptive immunity are adversely affected to lesser or greater extent by ageing resulting in an overall decline of immunocompetence.
as a result in the aged population , there is increased susceptibility to infection , poor responses to vaccination , and increased incidence of autoreactivity.
there is an increasing focus on the role of t cells during ageing because of their impact on the overall immune responses.
why does cancer risk increase as we age ?
frequently attributed to the multi-hit hypothesis and the time required to accumulate genomic mutations , this question is a matter of ongoing debate.
here , we propose that the normal decline in oxidative metabolism during aging constitutes an early and important \ "hit \ " that drives tumorigenesis.
thus , the modulation of sirtuins might be a fruitful approach to reversing the age-related metabolic changes that could underlie tumorigenesis.
objective : examine the association between multiple psychological factors ( depressive symptoms , trait anxiety , perceived stress ) and subclinical atherosclerosis in older age.
method : this cross-sectional study included @number@ adults ages 65-84 from the chicago healthy aging study ( chas - 2007-2010 ) .
previously validated self-report instruments were used to assess psychological factors.
results : the burden of major cardiovascular disease risk factors did not significantly differ across tertiles of psychological factors.
no association was seen between psychological measures and abi.
conclusion : of several psychological factors , only trait anxiety was significantly associated with cac.
the groups a , b and c were treated with pesf.
body weight , o2 extraction , the capillary pulse , blood pressure and the surface of the ulcers were monitored.
conclusions : the technique pesf has affected the metabolic processes and the speed of wound healing ulcer in patients with t2dm.
studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of alzheimer's disease between the men and women at later age.
further , the rate of cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes.
aging is associated with increased circulating pro-inflammatory and lower anti-inflammatory cytokines.
exercise training , in addition to improving muscle function , reduces these circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
yet , few studies have evaluated changes in the expression of cytokines within skeletal muscle after exercise training.
protein expression of various cytokines was determined in muscle homogenates.
the expression of mcp-1 , il-8 and il-6 ( which are traditionally classified as ' pro-inflammatory' ) increased substantially after acute exercise.
these responses were not significantly different between young and elderly men , either before or after 12weeks of exercise training.
training attenuated this difference.
these data suggest that the inflammatory response to unaccustomed exercise increases with age.
event-related brain potentials ( erps ) were used to examine age differences in the neural correlates of proactive and reactive control for task-switching.
switching between tasks was based on feedback-based transition cueing which places particularly high demands on mechanisms for cognitive control.
older adults maintained good performance accuracy at the expense of slower response times.
no age-related increase in behavioral switching costs was observed.
the cue-locked erp ( p3a ) data revealed an age-related decrease in neural activity related to the processing of switch cues.
in the target-locked erps , there was an increased frontal focus of the p3b in older adults.
these erp data indicate an age-related neural under-recruitment for proactive cognitive control and an age-related neural over-recruitment for reactive cognitive control.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients , aging from @number@ to @number@ years with a mean age of @number@ years.
the cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the independent risk factors for recurrence within @number@ years after the operation.
results : recurrence was recognized in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) within @number@ years after operation.
the median time to tumor recurrence was @number@ months.
locoregional recurrence was found in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , and hematogenous metastasis in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
upper / middle thoracic location and pt3-4a stage are independent risk factors for locoregional recurrence of pn0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after operation.
objective : to analyze the clinical features , diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer associated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( ple ) .
all the patients were male , aging from @number@ to @number@ years with a mean of @number@ years.
the data including history , physical examination , laboratory tests , diagnosis , treatment and follow-up were collected and analyzed.
results : all the @number@ patients had smoking history.
the pathological diagnosis included small cell lung cancer in @number@ cases , adenocarcinoma of lung in @number@ case.
four patients received early immunosuppressive treatment in terms of corticosteroids , only slight relief of neurological symptoms was seen in @number@ patients.
conclusions : ple is a rare disease.
in comparison with immunosuppressive therapy , chemotherapy , radiation or surgical removal of the tumor could provide better remission of the neurological symptoms.
positive serum anti-hu antibody , poorer tumor stag , and together with poorer response to treatments seem to indicate a poorer prognosis.
rationale and objectives : differentiating mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) from healthy aging remains challenging.
statistical parameters were mapped on the anatomic images to facilitate visual inspection.
results : global rather than region-specific structural alterations were revealed in groups of mci and ad relative to healthy elderly using mancova.
the temporal lobe features marked atrophy of white matter during the disease dynamics.
significant intercorrelations were observed among the morphologic indices with univariate analysis for given rois.
conclusions : significant global structural alterations were identified in mci and ad based on mancova model with improved sensitivity.
the intercorrelation among the morphologic indices may dampen the use of individual morphological parameter in featuring cerebral structural alterations.
decrease in cortical thickness is not reflective of the cognitive performance at the early stage of ad.
in this regard we will particularly focus on the use of topical antioxidants and the challenges that result from the task of showing their efficacy.
period analysis was used to calculate 5-year relative survival for the time period of 2002-2006 overall and by gender , age and histology.
overall 5-year relative survival for patients with hl in germany was 84·3% , compared to 80·6% for the us.
5-year relative survival for patients diagnosed with hl in germany was close to @percent@ for younger patients.
survival of hl patients in the us was lower than in germany overall , but was comparable in older patients and in women.
population-based studies with longer follow-up are still needed to examine effects of late toxicity on long term survival.
dermatologists can laser-treat a wide range of dermatoses , including vascular , pigmentary , textural , benign proliferative and premalignant conditions.
photodynamic therapy with lasers and intense pulsed light is addressed , with particular reference to actinic keratosis and actinic cheilitis.
a treatment algorithm for acne scarring based on scar morphology and severity is comprehensively outlined.
aim : this study investigated the effects of ageing on the excitability of soleus homonymous ia afferents and corticospinal pathways during bipedal upright standing.
design : prospective , double-blind , randomized and controlled , four-arm parallel design trial.
in all groups : no edema and thickness changes at ultrasounds in muscle and subcutis.
the results provide a rationale for the use of diclofenac + heparin also in algogenic conditions without evident signs of injury / edema / hematoma.
the study patients were categorized into five subgroups by age intervals of @number@ years.
pvwmh was found significantly more frequently and in linear correlation with aging and htn.
wmh were also found more frequently among the dm individuals.
these transcription factors share the common property of being developmentally regulated and of directing tissue-specific transcription and cell-fate decisions.
this review focuses on the key role of foxn1 in cell development and its clinical implication in humans.
atherosclerosis has been thought to be a disease of modern society , and its occurrence was closely related to contemporary diet and lifestyle.
however , a series of investigations on ancient mummies by autopsy and ct scan concluded that atherosclerosis was commonly seen in ancient times.
the presence of atherosclerosis in ancient human beings suggested that aging and genetic predisposition might be essential risk factors for atherosclerosis.
vascular stiffness is regarded as a result of degenerative processes potentiated by aging , hypertension , and other risk factors.
we interviewed @number@ rochester , ny adults , ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
overall , affective , and somatic depressive symptom scores were computed using the 20-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
multiple linear regression models were used to estimate associations between allostatic load scores and affective , somatic , and overall depressive symptoms.
among our sample of mean age @number@ years , the one-week prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was @percent@.
our results suggest that allostatic load measure is associated with late-life depressive symptoms.
future research should examine the inter-relationships of allostatic load , psychological stress , and late-life depressive symptoms.
vitamin d plays an important role in bone metabolism and maintaining bone health.
recently , new evidence has revealed that vitamin d affects chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases , cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin d status and the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in an urban korean population.
this study included @number@ participants ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) aged @number@ yr and older.
serum 25 ( oh ) d level was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.
methods : consecutive patients with ich were enrolled as part of the multicenter study on cerebral hemorrhage in italy ( much-italy ) .
results : a total of @number@ ( @number@ lobar ich , @number@ deep ich ) subjects were included.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were taking antiplatelets and @number@ ( @percent@ ) oacs at the time of stroke.
conclusions : oacs , as opposed to antiplatelets , predispose to lobar location of brain hematomas according to a dose-response relationship.
objective : to examine the association between alcohol consumption in midlife and subsequent cognitive decline.
alcohol consumption was assessed @number@ times in the @number@ years preceding the first cognitive assessment ( 1997-1999 ) .
cognitive tests were repeated in 2002-2004 and 2007-2009.
the cognitive test battery included @number@ tests assessing memory and executive function ; a global cognitive score summarized performances across these tests.
these multifactorial proteins are a group of heterogeneous rbps primarily implicated in controlling the decay and translation rates of target mrnas.
ttr-rbps are emerging as key regulators of a wide variety of genes influencing kidney physiology and pathology.
this review summarizes the current knowledge of ttr-rbps that influence renal metabolism.
objectives : aortic geometry changes throughout life are not well defined.
this investigation delineates aortic geometry across the adult age spectrum and determines the gender-related influence of aging on aortic morphometry.
lengths and diameters of each aortic segment as well as width , height and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta were compared between both genders.
conclusions : female gender is associated with smaller aortic dimensions , but only at a young age.
the dynamics of aortic growth throughout life are greater in women than in men.
ceftaroline fosamil is a parenteral cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
the mean half-life of ceftaroline in healthy subjects was approximately @number@ hours , and urinary excretion was the primary route of elimination.
ceftaroline pharmacokinetic parameters varied with different degrees of renal impairment , resulting in recommended dosage adjustments for patients with moderate to severe impairment.
ceftaroline fosamil was generally well tolerated regardless of age or severity of renal impairment.
published peer-reviewed medical literature about amh was searched through medline and was subjected to systematic review and critical assessment by the panel of authors.
amh assays continue to evolve and technical issues remain ; the absence of an international standard is a key issue.
there is a more complex rise during childhood and adolescence , which is likely to be more reflective of different stages of follicle development.
amh shows limited short-term variability , but the influence of states such as prolonged oral contraceptive use need to be considered in clinical assessment.
amh may be useful in assessing the need for fertility preservation strategies and detecting post-chemotherapy or surgical damage to the ovarian reserve.
long-term follow-up of patients to ascertain fully the value of post-cancer serum amh in predicting long-term ovarian function is required.
there is a linear relationship between amh and oocyte yield after ovarian stimulation , which is of value in predicting ovarian hyperstimulation.
amh can also identify ' poor responders' , but it seems inappropriate at present to withhold ivf purely on this basis.
the value of amh in the diagnosis of pcos remains controversial , but it may replace afc in the future.
however , the association between the autonomic nervous activity and the sdptg indices has not yet been elucidated.
the relationships between c / a and atherosclerosis-based conditions and risk factors for atherosclerosis were also evaluated.
a multivariate regression analysis showed that the lf , hf and heart rate were independent determinants of the c / a.
furthermore , a decrease in c / a was found to be associated with atherosclerosis-based conditions , such as hypertension , diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia.
sexual dysfunction ( sd ) is devastating to a man's ego and its presence could defeat his purpose of masculinity.
a number of studies have explored and reported on existing comorbidities between sd and medical conditions for which urological problems are no exception.
however , in ghana there is paucity of data exploring the epidemiological , etiological and health associations of medical conditions with sd.
this study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence , types and determinants of sd in a sample of ghanaian men with urological conditions.
a total of @number@ participants were enrolled in the study.
all participants were evaluated by using a semistructured questionnaire and the golombok rust inventory of sexual satisfaction questionnaire.
the mean age of the participants was @number@.5±13.8 years and ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
the estimated prevalence of sd was @percent@.
participants who were married , consumed alcoholic beverages , smoked cigarettes and aging males who had children were at a greater risk of developing sd.
urologic patients have a high prevalence of sd that is dependent on marital status , alcohol consumption , smoking status and aged patients with children.
serotonin , or 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) , is found to be involved in many physiological or pathophysiological processes including cognitive function.
the objective of the present study was the comparative analysis of acoustic parameters of the voice in the subjects of different age groups.
the phonetographic analysis involved @number@ relatively healthy subjects ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) divided into two age-matched groups.
as a result , the dyshonia severity index ( dsi ) shifts toward negative values.
these changes are more pronounced in women compared with men.
age-specific negative dynamics of maximum phonation time was not documented.
a group-based protein requirement was assessed by using a nonlinear mixed model of protein intake and l- [ 1-¹³c ] phenylalanine oxidation.
results : the mean protein requirement ( @percent@ ci ) was @number@ ( @number@ @number@ ) g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹.
dna-pk phosphorylates wrn in response to dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) .
however , the main phosphorylation sites and functional importance of the phosphorylation of wrn has remained unclear.
in addition , full length wrn with the mutation expressed in 293t cells was not phosphorylated in response to dsbs produced by bleomycin.
accumulation of the mutant wrn at the site of laser-induced dsbs occurred with the same kinetics as wild type wrn in live hela cells.
while the wild type wrn relocalized to the nucleoli after @number@ hours recovery from etoposide-induced dsbs , the mutant wrn remained mostly in the nucleoplasm.
background : genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have discovered genetic variants that predispose individuals to asthma.
methods : in this prospective longitudinal study , we investigated a multilocus profile of genetic risk derived from published gwas of asthma case status.
analyses included cohort members of european descent from whom genetic data had been obtained.
genotypic information about asthma risk was independent of and additive to information derived from cohort members ' family histories of asthma.
interpretation : our findings confirm that gwas discoveries for asthma are associated with a childhood-onset phenotype.
funding : us national institute on aging and uk medical research council.
background : obesity is a complex multifactorial disease , which also has an impact on quality of life.
a protocol of questionnaires was constructed for data collection , and included domains such as physical activity , quality of life , socio-psychological aspects.
the association of the latter variables with sf-36 health survey physical component ( pcs-36 ) were evaluated in the whole sample.
multiple linear regression models were used to assess the effect of independent variables on pcs-36 and the physical subscales of sf-36.
bmi was negatively associated with all the physical subscales of sf-36 ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : research funding should be invested in the study of the benefits accruing from reducing obesity in the elderly.
synaptic impairment rather than neuronal loss may be the leading cause of cognitive dysfunction in brain aging.
certain small rho-gtpases are involved in synaptic plasticity , and their dysfunction is associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration.
rho-gtpases undergo prenylation by attachment of ( ggpp ) catalyzed by ggtase-i.
the age-related reduction in membrane-associated rho proteins was associated with a reduction in ggtase-iβ levels that regulates binding of ggpp to rho-gtpases.
proteins prenylated by ggtase-ii were not reduced in aged brain indicating a specific targeting of ggtase-i in the aged brain.
inhibition of ggtase-i in vitro modeled the effects of aging we observed in vivo.
we demonstrate for the first time a decrease in membrane-associated rho proteins in aged brain in association with down-regulation of ggtase-iβ.
this down-regulation could be one of the mechanisms causing age-related weakening of synaptic plasticity.
during aging , a decline in stem cell function is observed in many tissues.
a mechanistic understanding of these age-associated processes , their interrelations and environmental dependence is currently lacking.
here , we discuss related questions on the molecular , cellular , and population level.
we combine an individual cell-based model of stem cell populations with a model of epigenetic regulation of transcription.
the novel model enables to simulate age-related changes of trimethylation of lysine @number@ at histone h3 and of dna methylation.
these changes entail expression changes of genes that induce age-related phenotypes ( arps ) of cells.
we compare age-related changes of regulatory states in quiescent stem cells occupying a niche with those observed in proliferating cells.
moreover , we analyze the impact of the activity of the involved epigenetic modifiers on these changes.
we find that epigenetic aging strongly affects stem cell heterogeneity and that homing at stem cell niches retards epigenetic aging.
our model provides a mechanistic explanation how increased stem cell proliferation can lead to progeroid phenotypes.
in addition , our model suggests that the experimentally observed high interindividual variance in hsc numbers originates in a variance of histone methyltransferase activity.
this report provides estimates of the incidence of select risk factors for cardiovascular disease among members of the active component of the armed forces.
incidence rates of all the risk factors of interest increased with advancing age.
rates of diagnoses of hypertension and obesity were higher among black , non-hispanic service members than among other racial / ethnic groups.
asian / pacific islanders had the highest rates of hyperlipidemia , abnormal blood glucose level , and diabetes.
our results indicate that , besides bm-mscs , ucb-mscs might be a potent and reliable candidate for future therapeutic applications.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : british regional heart study.
participants : men aged 60-79 years ( n = @number@ ) .
the cohort was followed for a mean of @number@ years for cvd and all-cause mortality.
results : there were @number@ deaths , @number@ cvd deaths , @number@ cvd events , and @number@ chd events during follow-up.
risk of cvd mortality was significantly greater in sarcopenic and obese but not sarcopenic obese men.
no association was seen between sarcopenic obesity groups and chd or cvd events.
conclusion : sarcopenia and central adiposity were associated with greater cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
sarcopenic obese men had the highest risk of all-cause mortality but not cvd mortality.
efforts to promote healthy aging should focus on preventing obesity and maintaining muscle mass.
actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species.
actinomyces israelii is the organism most commonly found in human disease.
actinomycosis usually manifests with abscess formation , dense fibrosis , and draining sinuses.
the disease is further characterized by the tendency to extensively spread beyond normal fascial and connective tissue planes.
most cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis are odontogenic in origin.
in the acute form , cervicofacial disease can manifest with soft-tissue swelling , a painful pyogenic abscess , or a mass lesion.
in the subacute to chronic form , a painless indurated mass can spread to the skin , leading to draining sinus tracts.
thoracic manifestations include parenchymal , bronchiectatic , and endobronchial actinomycosis.
at computed tomography , pulmonary actinomycosis usually appears as chronic segmental airspace consolidation containing necrotic low-attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement.
abdominopelvic actinomycosis preferentially involves the ileocecal region , ovary , and fallopian tube.
actinomycosis in the central nervous system may produce brain abscess , meningitis , subdural empyema , actinomycetoma , and spinal and cranial epidural abscess.
in general , actinomycosis responds well to antibiotic therapy , but long-term follow-up after treatment is needed because of frequent relapses.
objectives : to examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) in elderly adults.
design : cross-sectional cohort study.
setting : austrian stroke prevention study , a population-based cohort study on brain aging.
participants : individuals with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ ( n = @number@ @percent@ female ) .
in this paper , we examine barriers to the integration of refugee doctors and nurses in canada and the united kingdom.
specimen workup , histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis were performed in a standardized manner.
results : the color categories showed a broad overlap in proliferative activity and hormone receptor expression.
differences were found in lesion morphology.
adjacent stromal reaction in particular showed a marked increase from red through brown and black to white lesions.
differences were also seen in gland pattern and gland content.
objective : to evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of menatetrenone for the treatment of osteoporosis is noninferior to alfacalcidol in chinese postmenopausal women.
method : this multicenter , randomized , double-blinded , double-dummy , noninferiority , positive drug-controlled clinical trial was conducted in five chinese sites.
additionally , all patients received calcium @number@ mg / day.
results : a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) completed the study.
no difference was observed between groups.
there were no changes in femoral neck bmd in both groups.
in group m , oc and ucoc decreased from baseline by @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) .
in group a , oc and ucoc decreased by @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) .
decreases in serum oc and ucoc were more obvious in group m than in group a ( p < 0.001 ) .
the safety profile of menatetrenone was similar to alfacalcidol.
conclusion : menatetrenone is an effective and safe choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in chinese women.
the wtmt enabled early detection , ( ie , borderline mci ) of dysexecutive impairment , with @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ specificity.
conclusion : the wtmt is of interest in that it can help provide early detection of dysexecutive cognitive impairment.
selenium is an essential trace element , which is incorporated as selenocysteine into at least @number@ selenoproteins using a unique translational uga-recoding mechanism.
selenoproteins are important enzymes involved in antioxidant defense , redox homeostasis , and redox signaling pathways.
selenium levels decline during aging , and its deficiency is associated with a marked increase in mortality for people over @number@ years of age.
selenium levels regulate the entry into replicative senescence and modify the cellular markers characteristic for senescent cells.
whereas selenium supplementation extends the number of population doublings , its deficiency impairs the proliferative capacity of wi-38 cells.
we observe that the expression of several selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense is specifically affected in response to cellular senescence.
their expression is selectively controlled by the modulation of mrna levels and translational recoding efficiencies.
background : human leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) decreases with age and shorter ltl has previously been associated with increased prospective mortality.
we found no difference in ltl between the middle-aged lls offspring and their spouses ( β = 0.006 , p = 0.932 ) .
neither did we observe an association of ltl-associated genetic variants with mortality in a prospective meta-analysis of multiple cohorts ( n = 8165 ) .
furthermore , the approaches performed here do not further support the hypothesis that ltl variation contributes to the genetic propensity for longevity.
in this article , we review a set of cutting-edge statistical methods that life-course researchers can use to rigorously address their research questions.
in addition , we recommend a set of technical and empirical readings for each technique.
studies suggest improvements of neurocognitive function among older adults who undergo aerobic exercise training.
this study sought to examine the impact of an aerobic exercise intervention on verbal fluency in sedentary older adults.
twenty community-dwelling older adults were recruited and enrolled in either a spin exercise group or a control condition.
spin exercise also resulted in a significant improvement in estimated v02max ( p = @number@ ) .
also important , the spin exercise group demonstrated a high level of adherence ( mean adherence = @percent@ ) .
spin exercise can be an effective mode of aerobic exercise to improve semantic fluency in previously sedentary older adults.
te and he underwent a supervised exercise program ( @number@ day / week ) .
maximal gait speed , muscle strength , and body balance were assessed at weeks @number@ @number@ and @number@
only te and he displayed significant improvements ( p < @number@ ) in knee extensor strength , and only he had faster gait speed.
marginal balance improvements were found only in he in the medial-lateral direction.
however , te showed larger improvements in handgrip than he.
the largest retention was in knee extensor strength but most of the exercise effects were lost in the follow-up.
besides te , exercise with a horse may be an alternative option to older adults , provided that they want to interact with the animal.
unlabelled : limited data exist regarding metabolic risk factors for deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) in aging individuals.
we investigated the association between diabetes , dyslipidemia , and hcc mortality in those aged @number@ years or more ( middle-aged and elderly ) .
there were @number@ deaths from hcc among @number@ individuals , ascertained by validated death certificates and the national death registry.
the above significant associations remained in the lag time analyses , applied to check for reverse causation.
conclusion : middle-aged and elderly individuals , once having diabetes , deserve hcc surveillance to reduce hcc mortality.
more research is needed to elucidate why having baseline dyslipidemia relates to lower future hcc mortality.
here , we aimed to quantify the extent of lesion volume change and brain atrophy in the chronic poststroke brain using magnetic resonance imaging.
volumetric changes attributable to lesion growth and atrophy were quantified with automated procedures.
the median rate of lesion growth was @number@ cm ( @number@ ) per year.
across patients , the whole-brain atrophy rate was @percent@ per year , with accelerated atrophy in the ipsilesional hemisphere.
conclusions : we show gradual lesion expansion many years after stroke , beyond that expected by normal aging and after controlling for other variables.
future studies need to understand how structural reorganization enables long-term recovery even when the brain is shrinking.
background and purpose : cerebral autoregulation may be impaired in the early days after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
methods : sixty-eight patients ( 54±13 years ) with a diagnosis of nontraumatic sah were studied.
dci was diagnosed from ct.
decision tree models were used to identify optimal cut-off points for clinical and physiological predictors of avsp and dci.
multivariate logistic regression models were used to develop and validate a risk scoring tool for each outcome.
results : sixty-two percent of patients developed avsp , and @percent@ developed dci.
conclusions : dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in the early days after sah.
few reports investigate incidence rates in large family-based studies in which the participants were selected for family history of load.
we restricted analyses to families with follow-up and complete phenotype information , including @number@ nia-load / ncrad and @number@ efiga families.
the incidence rates in all groups increase with age.
the higher incidence of load can be explained by segregation of alzheimer disease-related genes in these families or shared environmental risks.
mhy-449 treatment in androgen-independent and p53-null pc3 cells resulted in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
however , mhy-449 did not show any significant effects on the growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in androgen-dependent and p53-wt lncap cells.
therefore , we used pc3 cells for further studies.
in addition , mhy-449 induced increase of late apoptosis and sub-g1 dna which were observed by flow cytometry analysis.
mhy-449 treatment activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( erk ) signaling in a concentration-dependent manner.
mhy-449-induced apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment with the erk inhibitor pd98059 suggesting involvement of erk in the mhy-449-induced apoptosis.
biomembranes shown to behave like elastic sheets , can also suffer plastic deformations.
instead they remain wrinkled and rigid while their non-polymerised counterparts resume their spherical floppy shapes.
this work might shed light on the physical reason behind the irreversible deformation of echinocytes , acanthocytes and malaria infected red blood cells.
design : prospective investigation.
setting : academic medical center.
patient ( s ) : normal appearing ovaries collected from @number@ women ( age 28-51 years ) undergoing oophorectomy for benign gynecologic indications.
intervention ( s ) : determining ovarian ngf counts with systematic random sampling rules and a validated fractionator / optical disector technique.
main outcome measure ( s ) : the goodness-of-fit between observed and expected ovarian ngf counts.
result ( s ) : the power model was an excellent fit to the observed data.
the average difference between the observed and expected ngf count was @number@ ( @percent@ ci , @number@ @number@ ) .
in the present study population , the power model was a superior fit to the observed data compared with the double gaussian model.
autoantibodies against coagulation factors can develop in patients associated with autoimmune disorders , malignancies , pregnancy , and drug-induced or dermatological diseases.
among them , the most common one is that directed against factor viii ( fviii ) .
patients with autoantibodies against fviii often have severe hemorrhage and delayed diagnosis can contribute to high mortality in these patients.
the pathogenesis for developing autoantibodies against these coagulation factors is still unclear.
in this article , we reviewed and updated the classification and diagnostic algorithms for identifications of autoantibodies against the coagulation factors in clotting cascade.
similar to estradiol-17β ( e2 ) , bpa increased stem-progenitor cell self-renewal and expression of stem-related genes in a dose-dependent manner.
further , @number@ nm bpa and e2 possessed equimolar membrane-initiated signaling with robust induction of p-akt and p-erk at @number@ minutes.
carcinogenesis was driven by testosterone plus e2 treatment for @number@ to @number@ months to model rising e2 levels in aging men.
to date , physical exercise is the only intervention consistently demonstrated to attenuate age-related declines in physical function.
however , variability exists in seniors ' responsiveness to training.
this polymorphism is known to influence a variety of physiological adaptions to exercise.
however , evidence is inconclusive regarding the influence of this polymorphism on older adults ' functional responses to exercise.
measures of physical function included usual-paced gait speed and performance on the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .
after checking hardy-weinberg equilibrium , we used using linear regression to evaluate the genotype treatment interaction for each outcome.
the genotype treatment interaction was statistically significant for both gait speed ( p = @number@ ) and sppb ( p = @number@ ) .
thus , ace i / d genotype appears to play a role in modulating functional responses to exercise training in seniors.
methods : a total of @number@ elderly patients with pathologically-confirmed advanced nsclc with egfr wild-type were recruited between @date@ to @date@ .
there were @number@ males and @number@ females , aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
they were divided randomly into @number@ groups according to the proportion of 1 : @number@ by spss @number@ software.
the control group received vinorelbine @number@ mg / m ( @number@ ) days @number@ and @number@ with @number@ days as a cycle.
adverse effects were similar between the study group and the control group.
the most commonly seen adverse events were hematological toxicity , nausea , vomiting , fatigue , alopecia , joint and muscle pain.
most of the toxicity was of grade i and grade ii.
there was no treatment-related death.
further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this treatment modality.
background : in @number@ the third-year community course at the university of liverpool was reorganised to have an emphasis on disability.
the aim was to increase students ' understanding of some of the issues surrounding disability and what this means to individual patients.
results : the students had enjoyed the placement and felt it had increased their understanding of the issues surrounding disability.
seeing patients in the community , time spent being taught by a gp and seeing patients with a gp were particularly well received.
blood concentrations and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline ( oh-pro ) have been used as markers of bone mineral status and lung function in cf.
registration clinicaltrials.gov = nct01172301.
background : numerous studies suggest that higher coffee consumption may reduce the rate of aging-related cognitive decline in women.
it is thus potentially a cheap and widely available candidate for prevention programs provided its mechanism may be adequately understood.
no association was found with incident depression.
the evidence of an association with plasma beta amyloid could not be clearly demonstrated.
insufficient proof of causal mechanisms currently precludes the recommendation of coffee consumption as a public health measure.
further research should focus on the high estrogen content of coffee as a plausible alternative explanation.
longer exposure to numbers and quantity-related problems may progressively refine numerical skills , similar to what happens to other cognitive abilities like verbal memory.
older participants were remarkably accurate in performing arithmetical tasks although their numerosity discrimination ( also known as ' number acuity' ) was impaired.
therefore , rather than a numerical impairment , poor numerosity discrimination is likely to reflect elderly's impoverished inhibitory processes.
vci was defined by impairment in any cognitive domain on neuropsychological testing.
the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( auc ) was used to compare test discriminatory ability.
the targets of co-regulated micrornas were also selected for computational prediction using mirwalk software and functional analysis by the david software.
in addition , the changes of co-regulated microrna expression were validated by quantitative real-time pcr.
the quantitative real-time pcr data confirmed the alterations of the co-upregulated mirnas.
this study provided a strong basis for the future study aiming at contributions of mirnas induced by oxidative stress in ad.
background : the ryanodine receptor @number@ gene ( ryr3 ) encodes an intracellular calcium channel that mediates the efflux of ca2 + from intracellular stores.
we investigated the effect of these two snps as well as the @number@ kilobases spanning region on atherosclerosis in japanese population.
the risk allele of rs2229116 was opposite from the original report.
the haplotype block of this @number@ kb region was different between caucasian and japanese.
conclusion : rs877087 and rs2229116 of ryr3 gene are associated with atherosclerosis severity in japanese.
the functional difference caused by rs2229116 needs to be investigated.
context : several fracture prediction models that combine fractures at different sites into a composite outcome are in current use.
however , to the extent individual fracture sites have differing risk factor profiles , model discrimination is impaired.
design : this was a prospective , observational cohort study.
setting : the study was conducted at primary care practices in @number@ countries.
patients : women aged @number@ years or older participated in the study.
intervention : self-administered questionnaires collected data on patient characteristics , fracture risk factors , and previous fractures.
objective : the aim of this study was to clarify the associations between loh , low t , and sexual symptoms with mortality in men.
main outcome measure ( s ) : all-cause , cardiovascular , and cancer-related mortality was measured.
results : one hundred forty-seven men died during a median follow-up of @number@ years.
fifty-five men ( @percent@ ) were identified as having loh ( @number@ moderate and @number@ severe ) .
similar risks were observed for cardiovascular mortality.
work on amyloid imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging is proceeding and epigenetic studies are progressing.
this internationally important study has the potential to inform research into cognitive ageing in the future , and offers an excellent resource for collaborative work.
alzheimer's disease neuropathology ( amyloid , tauopathies ) and brain atrophy are present decades prior to manifestation of clinical symptoms.
the women's healthy aging project ( whap ) is a longitudinal study of over @number@ australian-born women , epidemiologically randomly sampled in @number@
these aims are fortified by the ability to leverage the considerable database on health , lifestyle and socio-demographics collected prospectively from @number@ to date.
the overall prevalence of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) at baseline was @percent@.
poorer cognitively demanding functional abilities were associated with cognitive impairment.
biomarkers for cognitive impairment and decline were identified.
inflammatory markers and plasma apolipoprotein levels were associated with poorer performance in the attention / processing speed domain.
measures of white matter lesions , white matter integrity , sulcal morphology and tractography were identified as novel biomarkers of early cognitive decline.
stronger deactivation in the posteromedial cortex with increasing memory load on functional mri predicted future decline.
in this paper , we present key findings from the aibl study and discuss how they contribute to our understanding of ad pathogenesis and diagnosis.
the cache county study on memory in aging is a longitudinal , population-based study of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and other dementias.
this paper describes the major study contributions to the literature on ad and dementia.
in this literature review , we aim to answer whether this is effective.
we present a novel way to determine the extent to which mph enhances cognitive performance in a certain domain.
namely , we quantify this by a percentage that reflects the number of studies showing performance enhancing effects of mph.
mph effects are dose-dependent and the dose-response relationship differs between cognitive domains.
mph use is associated with side effects and other adverse consequences , such as potential abuse.
future studies should focus on mph specifically to adequately asses its benefits in relation to the risks specific to this drug.
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( star ) is essential for steroid hormone synthesis in the adrenal cortex and the gonads.
star activity facilitates the supply of cholesterol substrate into the inner mitochondrial membranes where conversion of the sterol to a steroid is catalyzed.
mitochondrial import terminates the cholesterol mobilization activity of star and leads to mounting accumulation of star in the mitochondrial matrix.
gonadotropin administration to prepubertal rats stimulated ovarian follicular development associated with increased expression of the mitochondrial protein quality control system.
in addition , enrichment of lon and afg3l2 is evident in star-expressing ovarian cells examined by confocal microscopy.
in military operations , declined physical capacity can endanger the life of soldiers.
adequate muscle mass and strength are necessary in combat or evacuation situations , which prompt for improved understanding of muscle mass modulation during ssr missions.
the present data expand our knowledge of human muscle mass regulation during short-term immobilization.
we review the extraction into wine and evolution of major phenolic classes of sensory relevance.
we present a historical background to highlight that previously established aspects of phenolic extraction and retention into red wine are still subjects of much research.
the same approach is followed to present the sensory implications of phenolic and phenolic-derived compounds in wine.
the study tested whether age , sex , or task complexity moderate the effect of attentional focus on motor learning.
a double pedalo is a four-wheeled device that involves standing on two connected platforms , and alternately pushing them forward to make it move.
participants completed @number@ acquisition trials , followed by a 24-hour retention test.
for the simpler task , no time differences due to attentional focus emerged.
with the complex task , an external focus resulted in faster times in retention than an internal focus , but only for males.
these findings suggest that attentional focus affects children and adults similarly , but task complexity and sex moderate these effects.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is an intermediate stage between normal cognitive function and dementia among aging individuals.
this study was designed to estimate the prevalence of mci and explore the possible risk factors including gender disparities among community-dwelling older individuals.
the study was conducted in xi'an , china.
this is a cross-sectional study.
a total of @number@ individuals , @number@ years and older were selected by stratified random cluster sampling.
of the @number@ community-dwelling individuals , @number@ were found to have mci.
the results of the binary logistical regression analysis indicated that age and history of stroke were associated with mci in men.
for women , the risk factors were lower level of educational and lack of religious attendance.
results suggested that the factors capable of influencing mci differed profoundly between older men and older women.
for this reason , different preventative measures should be adopted to delay or reverse cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older men and women.
in a sex- and age-matched control group ( n = 15 ) , the same questions were answered.
data were collected before and after intervention.
an open-ended question about experiences of the intervention was included in the last questionnaire.
the intervention consisted of a first meeting with health professionals and additional five self-care telephone calls.
the control group did not receive any intervention or attention except for the questionnaires.
descriptive statistics were used to describe the study group.
results : thirty individuals ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) participated in the study , ranging in age between @number@ and @number@ years.
a significant difference was obtained in the intervention group regarding mental health.
mental health improved significantly in the intervention group ( p = 0.037 ) .
structured self-care telephone talks have proved to be successful and a relevant method to use in practice.
methods : ad patients received four high-frequency rtms sessions over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( dlpfc ) over two weeks.
structured cognitive assessments were administered at baseline , at @number@ weeks after completion of rtms , and at @number@ weeks post treatment.
at these same times , tolerant patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) while performing structured motor and cognitive tasks.
we also reviewed literature regarding the effects of rtms on cognitive function in ad.
results : a total of @number@ patients were enrolled , eight of whom tolerated the fmri.
improvement was seen in boston diagnostic aphasia examination tests of verbal and non-verbal agility @number@ weeks post-treatment.
the fmri analysis showed trends for increased activation during cognitive performance tasks immediately after and at @number@ weeks post-treatment.
our literature review revealed several double-blind , sham-controlled studies , all showing sustained improvement in cognition of ad patients with rtms.
conclusions : there was improvement in aspects of language after four rtms treatments , sustained a month after treatment cessation.
our results are consistent with other studies and standardization of treatment protocols using functional imaging may be of benefit.
heat shock factor @number@ ( hsf1 ) is an evolutionarily highly conserved transcription factor that coordinates stress-induced transcription and directs versatile physiological processes in eukaryotes.
critically , deviations from this trajectory related to cognitive performance.
contrary to this , we suggest that older adults' ; changing performance reflects memory search demands , which escalate as experience grows.
a series of simulations show how the performance patterns observed across adulthood emerge naturally in learning models as they acquire knowledge.
our results indicate that older adults' ; performance on cognitive tests reflects the predictable consequences of learning on information-processing , and not cognitive decline.
we consider the implications of this for our scientific and cultural understanding of aging.
we investigated frax-estimated fracture risk in patients with type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , compared with concomitantly enrolled control subjects.
we tested the association between parameters and complications of the disease and frax scores.
when grouping by gender , such differences were found only in men.
in dm , the frequency of previous fracture was higher than in control subjects ( @percent@ versus @time@ % , p < @number@ ) .
among dm , the tree-based regression ( classification and regression tree ( cart ) ) analysis identified groups of patients with different mean frax scores.
conclusions : patients with dm had mean frax scores lower than control subjects , despite the higher number of previous fractures.
some features and complications of dm did associate with frax scores.
among dm patients , the cart analysis identified subgroups with higher frax scores.
however , despite its potential utility , concerns still remain for using frax in dm patients.
objectives : a paucity of research has examined the relationship between addressing the spiritual needs of hospitalized asians and their overall satisfaction with service provision.
visual working memory ( vwm ) capacity is reduced in older adults.
research has shown age-related impairments to vwm encoding , but aging is likely to affect multiple stages of vwm.
in the present study , we recorded the event-related potentials ( erps ) of younger and older adults during vwm maintenance and retrieval.
this remarkable dissociation between neural activity and behavior in the older adults indicated that the p1 and cda did not accurately assess their vwm capacity.
however , the neural activity evoked during vwm retrieval yielded results that helped clarify the age-related differences.
the younger adults ' early old-new effects strongly resembled an index of perceptual fluency , suggesting that perceptual implicit memory was activated.
methods : a total of @number@ healthy subjects voluntarily and @number@ years or above admitted to a teaching hospital for a physical check-up in @number@
demographic and blood sample results were collected.
results : the mean age of the study participants is @number@ ± @number@ years.
the prevalence of mets is @number@ % ( @number@ % ci @number@.1-42.9 % ) .
conclusion : the prevalence of mets is related to obesity and elevated serum uric acid.
promoting this population with controlled obesity and health improvement for renal function is important.
objective : with an aging society , elderly patients increasingly require long-term placement of urethral balloon catheters.
exclusion criteria were a performance status of @number@ or @number@ and the ability to urinate after standard placement of the stent.
results : after stent placement , all patients had total incontinence and were catheter-free.
although @number@ patients were receiving anticoagulant therapy before the procedure , no intraprocedural or postprocedural anticoagulant-related complications were noted.
the prognostic value of heart rate variability ( hrv ) in patients with cardiac conditions has been investigated for many years.
however , the hrv is superior to annual health examinations for predicting the longevity of very elderly residents of long-term care facilities is unknown.
to assess cardiac autonomic function , hrv was obtained with the memcalc / chiram software program after holter ecg.
kaplan meier analysis showed that sdnn and cvrr were useful markers for the longevity of very elderly subjects.
the present data suggest that annual health examination data does not predict longevity , but that hrv does.
the modulation of parasympathetic tone in daily activities plays an important role in the longevity of very elderly residents of long-term care facilities.
the relationships of aac with both inflammation and oxidative-stress variables were evaluated.
conclusions : the plasma level of d-roms is associated with aac in patients with type @number@ diabetes but without cardiovascular disease.
hence , the results of the present study suggest that aac in these patients is strongly associated with oxidative stress.
' chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) in older people ' is the focus of world kidney day @number@
the human eye is enriched in mts , and multiple isoforms may contribute to distinct antioxidant defense mechanisms in various ocular tissues.
we found that exogenously introduced zinc induced a potent de novo synthesis of mts as well as a strong inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
levels of mts decrease with aging and disease , which may result in zinc release that is potentially cytotoxic.
this state is also observed with increased oxidative stress and inflammation , suggesting that the antioxidant function of mts has been impaired.
topical therapy should always be adapted to patients ' age due to changes in skin physiology.
this is particularly applicable when choosing a cream or ointment and the active substances.
the expectations for therapy also change with age.
the motivation to perform therapy as well as the physical ability to do so also changes with age.
children and elderly patients often need help in applying topical agents.
in addition , range and cause of diseases varies considerably within age groups.
finally , the penetration of the active substance from creams and ointments may also change with age.
the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) 4977-bp deletion is a biomarker of mitochondrial genomic instability.
it is frequently detected in a number of sporadic diseases , and it accumulates in many tissues during aging.
folic acid plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability in mammals.
folate intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire.
determination of the mthfr c677t polymorphism and of the mtdna deletion was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.
a total of @number@ women were enrolled.
low levels of deletion were found ( mean δct = @number@ ) .
cpg islands ( cgis ) are commonly used as genomic markers to study the patterns and regulatory consequences of dna methylation.
evolutionary origins of cgis are also highly heterogeneous.
these epigenomic cgi clusters are strikingly distinct at multiple biological features including genomic , evolutionary , and functional characteristics.
at the genomic level , the stably hypomethylated cgi cluster tends to be longer and harbors many more cpg dinucleotides than those in other clusters.
functional ontology terms and transcriptional profiles co-vary with cgi clusters , indicating that the regulatory functions of cgis are tightly linked to their heterogeneity.
finally , cgis associated with distinctive biological processes , such as diseases , aging , and imprinting , occur disproportionately across cgi clusters.
tcss were categorized according to treatment : surgery , radiotherapy ( rt ) , or chemotherapy ( ct ) .
results : risk of lower testosterone and higher lh and fsh levels was significantly increased for tcss at all time points after rt or ct.
the cumulative platinum dose was significantly associated with risk of higher lh levels at both surveys and higher fsh at si.
in total , half the tcss had at least one of three sex hormone levels outside the reference range at sii.
conclusion : long-term tcss are at risk of premature hormonal aging.
our findings may pertain to cancer survivors in general , underlining the importance of extended follow-up.
there is evidence that persistent psychiatric disorders lead to age-related disease and premature mortality.
telomere length has emerged as a promising biomarker in studies that test the hypothesis that internalizing psychiatric disorders are associated with accumulating cellular damage.
no significant associations were found among women in any analysis , highlighting potential sex differences in internalizing-related telomere biology.
@number@ ) the high adl group showed a high level of serum zinc concentration.
our findings suggest that low-volume physical activity may improve resting oxidative stress status in postmenopausal women.
structural equation modeling was used to test an analytic model that focused on the mediating effects of self-perceptions of aging and perceived loss of control.
the respondents ' demographic and health characteristics and depressive symptoms at baseline were included as control variables.
results : the results indicated that self-perceptions of aging mediated the relationship between receipt of care and depressive symptoms.
however , perceived loss of control did not significantly mediate the relationship between the receipt of care and depressive symptoms.
discussion : these findings suggest that the receipt of care may make frail older adults more vulnerable to negative self-perceptions of aging.
the failure types were evaluated after debonding.
tbs values were analyzed using three-way and one-way anova , followed by post hoc scheffé-test , and two-sample student's t-tests.
other groups showed no impact of pre-treatment.
significance : according to the study results nano-composite cad / cam crowns should be cemented with var.
pre-treatment is not necessary if the tested resin composite cements are used.
the increase in life expectancy has resulted in a high occurrence of dementia and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
research on ad has undergone a paradigm shift from viewing it as a disease of old age to taking a life course perspective.
these risk factors have consequently been used to derive risk scores for predicting the likelihood of dementia.
despite population differences , age , low education and vascular risk factors were identified as key factors in all scoring systems.
risk scores can help to identify high-risk individuals who might benefit from different interventions.
the european dementia prevention initiative ( edpi ) , an international collaboration , encourages data sharing between different randomized controlled trials.
in contrast , in old age this balance is poorly efficient compromising cellular homeostasis.
supplementation with vitamin e can restore the balance and protect against the deteriorating effects of oxidative stress , progression of degenerative diseases , and aging.
various factors can contribute to all the discrepancies.
background : there is limited information on genetic factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest ( sca ) .
objective : to assess the association of common variation in genes in fatty acid pathways with sca risk.
methods : we selected @number@ candidate genes and @number@ single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) tagging common variation in each gene.
we investigated the snp associations with sca in a population-based case-control study.
cases ( n = @number@ ) were from a repository of sca in the greater seattle area.
controls ( n = @number@ ) , frequency-matched on age and sex , were from the same area.
we used linear logistic regression to examine snp associations with sca.
we performed permutation-based p-min tests to account for multiple comparisons within each gene.
further study is needed to validate this observation.
brain atrophy was measured with cortical thickness analysis , wm abnormalities with tract-based spatial statistics , and fc with independent component analysis.
results : grn + showed smaller cortical thickness than grn- in the right orbitofrontal and precentral gyrus and left rostral middle frontal gyrus.
wm tracts abnormalities were limited to increased axial diffusivity in the right cingulum , superior longitudinal fasciculus , and corticospinal tract.
there were no differences in fc of resting-state networks.
background : spanish is the second-most common language spoken in the united states , and spanish speakers represent one third of the aging population.
the national alzheimer's coordinating center's uniform data set implemented a spanish neuropsychological battery.
previous work described the neuropsychological performance for english speakers.
here we describe performance on the spanish version.
methods : data from @number@ spanish speakers with normal cognition were summarized , with descriptive tables of performance on individual cognitive tests.
regression techniques were used to evaluate the effect of demographics on cognitive performance.
higher education and lower age were associated with better performance.
conclusion : this national cohort of well-characterized spanish-speaking elders provides descriptive data on cognitive performance , an important tool for clinical and research efforts.
we investigated which cognitive variables were best predictors , and which of these variables remained predictive for patients with longer times to conversion.
methods : seventy-five participants with mci were assessed on measures of learning , memory , language , and executive function.
relative predictive strengths of these measures were analyzed using cox regression models.
results : measures of word-list position-namely , serial position scores-together with short delay free recall of word-list learning best predicted conversion to ad dementia.
however , only serial position scores predicted those participants with longer time to conversion.
conclusions : results emphasize that the predictive strength of cognitive variables varies depending on time to conversion to dementia.
moreover , finer measures of learning captured by serial position scores were the most sensitive predictors of ad dementia.
background : epidemiologic studies on mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are limited in china.
the rural population had a higher prevalence of overall mci ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of mci in elderly chinese is higher in rural than in urban areas.
vascular-related mci ( mci-cvd and mci-vrf ) was most common.
associations between increased amyloid pathology and cholinergic atrophy have been described in autopsy studies.
associations were examined using region-of-interest ( roi ) and voxel-based approaches with reference to cytoarchitectonic mappings of the cholinergic bf nuclei.
different adiponectin complexes exert tissue-specific biological functions and activate distinct signaling pathways.
in this review , we summarize our current understanding on the mechanisms regulating adiponectin multimerization.
we also describe the major target tissues in which distinct adiponectin multimers exert their functional roles.
adiponectin is a hormone that is derived from adipose tissue and is reduced in obesity-linked diseases including insulin resistance / type @number@ diabetes and atherosclerosis.
adiponectin exerts its effects by binding to adiponectin receptors , two of which , adipor1 and adipor2 , have been cloned.
such knowledge can then be used to provide therapeutic targets aimed at managing obesity-linked diseases including type @number@ diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine with protective effects against a cluster of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
adiponectin and insulin signaling pathways converge at the adaptor protein appl1.
on the other hand , appl1 potentiates both the actions and secretion of insulin by fine-tuning the akt activity in multiple insulin target tissues.
in obese animals , reduced appl1 expression contributes to both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion.
vps35 mutations have been identified as a cause of autosomal dominantly inherited parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
vps35 interacts with vps26a in the retromer complex that links mitochondrial and lysosomal pathways , which have both been shown to be dysfunctional in pd.
thus , mutations in vps26a may be associated with pd.
to test this hypothesis , we screened @number@ idiopathic pd patients and @number@ control subjects for mutations in the retromer subunit vps26a.
we found @number@ novel missense variants in patients and @number@ known missense variants in control subjects.
the missense variants were unlikely to be disease causing , suggesting that vps26a mutations are not a frequent cause of pd.
the current review focuses on the roles of opioid systems in blood vessels , especially angiogenesis , during development and tumour malignancy.
the balance between endogenous activators and inhibitors of angiogenesis delicately maintains a normally quiescent vasculature to sustain homeostasis.
in clinical medicine , angiogenesis inhibitors that target vegf signalling such as bevacizumab are used as anti-cancer drugs.
although therapies that inhibit tumour angiogenesis have been highly successful for tumour therapy , most patients eventually develop resistance to this anti-angiogenic therapy.
thus , we must identify novel targets for anti-angiogenic agents to sustain inhibition of angiogenesis for tumour therapy.
linked articles : this article is part of a themed section on opioids : new pathways to functional selectivity.
to view the other articles in this section visit @url@
objectives : to evaluate the criterion validity of two measures of fatigability , defined as performance deterioration or perceived effort to perform a standardized task.
design : cross-sectional analysis of data from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging ( blsa ) .
setting : national institute on aging , intramural research program , clinical research unit , baltimore , maryland.
covariates included age , race , sex , obesity , smoking status , and walking activity.
slowing was strongly associated with self-reported fatigue and walking ability but weakly associated with performance-based mobility measures.
high perceived exertion was associated with tiredness , weakness , and reported and observed mobility deficits.
conclusion : slowing down may have low sensitivity for identifying fatigability in older persons , but ascertaining perceived exertion during a defined workload shows promise.
in seemingly healthy , motivated individuals , fatigue and fatigability were common and may affect socially meaningful mobility behaviors.
assessment of fatigability in well-elderly examinations may help identify threats to independent functioning earlier in the decline process.
objectives : to determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over @number@ years.
setting : six u.s. cities.
participants : a volunteer sample of @number@ persons ( mean baseline age @number@ @percent@ african american ) living independently.
measurements : objectively measured cognitive abilities and self-reported and performance-based measures of everyday function.
memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance.
conclusion : each advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self-reported iadl compared with the control group.
reasoning and speed , but not memory , training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for @number@ years.
representation of reward value involves a distributed network including cortical and subcortical structures.
braf mutation analysis was performed using dna-based ( direct sequencing , pyrosequencing , and snapshot ) and ihc ( ve1 antibody ) methods.
the sensitivity and specificity of ihc for braf ( v600e ) was compared with the molecular biology data.
results : a braf mutational result was obtained in @number@ cases.
no false positive results were noted using ihc to detect the braf ( v600e ) mutation.
the sensitivity and specificity of ihc for the detection of this mutation were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
the ihc test demonstrated excellent performance at a level equivalent to two dna-based counterparts ( pyrosequencing and snapshot ) .
failure to achieve a result was more frequent with the direct sequencing method than with the three other methods.
conclusion : ihc using the ve1 antibody is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of the braf ( v600e ) mutation in ptc.
ihc may be an alternative to molecular biology approaches for the routine detection of this mutation in ptc patients.
previous research has shown that most laypeople hold one of two typical conceptions of wisdom a cognitive or an integrative conception.
a sample of @number@ young adults rated the relevance of cognitive , reflective , and affective aspects for wisdom.
the two groups also differed in freely-generated characteristics of wisdom and its development.
additionally , the integrative conception was more frequent in individuals with higher levels of gratitude and wisdom.
in sum , laypeople's conceptions of wisdom vary along similar lines as those of wisdom psychologists.
studies of theory of mind ( tom ) abilities in older age groups have yielded mixed results.
thirteen earlier studies are reviewed : these often had small sample sizes , and varied in educational level of older participants.
we hypothesized that educational level would be an important factor for tom in elderly participants , and especially in a non-western country.
there was a decline with tom as well as non-mental task abilities with age.
the possibility of a cohort effect for the middle-aged group is discussed.
it is concluded that educational opportunities are a significant protective factor for tom abilities in elderly populations.
the aim of this longitudinal and naturalistic study was to compare aspects of imitative exchanges in dyadic grandmother-infant and mother-infant interactions.
infants ' age was found to affect the developmental curve of grandmothers' , but not mothers' , imitative behavior.
these similarities may have implications for both grandmothers ' and infants ' ability to regulate interpersonal challenges within an extended-family interactional context.
the fractal dimension is a global measure of complexity and is useful for quantifying anatomical structures , including the retinal vascular network.
this study aimed to investigate the possible models of the fractal dimension changes from young to old subjects ( 10 73 years ) .
a total of @number@ right-eye retinal samples , including those of @number@ ( @percent@ ) women and @number@ ( @percent@ ) men , were selected.
the retinal vessels were segmented using computer-assisted software , and non-vessel fragments were deleted.
the fractal dimension was measured based on the log log plot of the number of grids versus the size.
the retinal vascular df was analyzed to determine changes with increasing age.
finally , the data were fitted to three polynomial models.
the frequency of alcohol intake in the previous three months was obtained through self-reports of interviewees.
in the present population-based sample , alcohol intake was low and the frequency of moderate alcohol consumption increased over the years.
the present study can assist understanding the changes in alcohol intake among older adults throughout time and the ageing process.
phenotypic plasticity in vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmc ) is necessary for vessel maintenance , repair and adaptation to vascular changes associated with aging.
de-differentiated vsmc contribute to pathologies including atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia.
as resveratrol has been reported to have cardio- protective effects , we investigated its role in vsmc phenotypic modulation.
we demonstrated the novel finding that resveratrol promoted vsmc differentiation as measured by contractile protein expression , contractile morphology and contraction in collagen gels.
resveratrol induced vsmc differentiation through stimulation of sirt1 and ampk.
we made the novel finding that low or high dose resveratrol had an initially different mechanism on induction of differentiation.
the health effects of resveratrol in cardiovascular diseases , cancer and longevity are an area of active research.
we have demonstrated a supplemental avenue where-by resveratrol may promote health by maintaining and enhancing plasticity of the vasculature.
to date , the disease has no effective therapies.
the identification of new drugs that provide benefit in arresting the decline seen in pd patients is the focus of much recent study.
it has been shown to have anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties , but no reports have yet described the effects of n-butylidenephthalide on pd.
the aim of this study was to assess the potential for n-butylidenephthalide to improve pd in c. elegans models.
conclusions / significance : n-butylidenephthalide may be one of the effective neuroprotective agents for pd.
proliferative retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness , including retinopathy of prematurity ( rop ) in children and diabetic retinopathy in adults.
similarly , increased expression of sirt1 in tie2 expressing vascular endothelial cells and monocytes / macrophages does not protect retinal vessels in oir.
in addition to the genetic approaches , dietary supplement with sirt1 activators , resveratrol or srt1720 , were fed to wild type mice with oir.
neither treatment showed significant vaso-protective effects in retinopathy.
further studies are needed to examine in depth whether increasing levels of sirt1 may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to treat or prevent retinopathy.
human non-hairy ( glabrous ) skin of the fingers , palms and soles wrinkles after prolonged exposure to water.
wrinkling is a sympathetic nervous system-dependent process but little is known about the physiology and potential functions of water-induced skin wrinkling.
we also tested the idea that skin wrinkling has an impact on tactile acuity or vibrotactile sensation using two independent sensory tasks.
we found that skin wrinkling did not improve dexterity in handling wet objects nor did it affect any aspect of touch sensitivity measured.
thus water-induced wrinkling appears to have no significant impact on tactile driven performance or dexterity in handling wet or dry objects.
telomerase ( tert ) is essential for telomere maintenance.
activation of tert is considered a crucial step in tumorigenesis , and therefore it is a potential therapeutic target against cancer.
however , the underlying molecular mechanism of sirt1-dependent tert expression remains uncharacterized.
here , we elucidated if sirt1 regulates tert expression via transcriptional , epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
our data revealed that sirt1 regulates histone acetylation and methylation at the tert promoter.
we postulated that sirt1 may regulate tert expression via long-range interaction , or via yet unidentified histone modifications.
oxidative damages are linked to several aging-related diseases and are among the chemical pathways determining protein degradation.
understanding the temperate relationship between these events can be of utmost importance in unraveling the molecular basis of neurodegeneration.
minute variations due to oxidation of single residues affect hsa tertiary structure leading to protein compaction , increased thermal stability , and reduced association propensity.
in order to elucidate pathways downstream of psen1 , we characterized neural progenitor cells ( npcs ) derived from fad mutant psen1 subjects.
thus , we generated induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) from affected and unaffected individuals from two families carrying psen1 mutations.
molecular profiling identified @number@ genes differentially-regulated in psen1 npcs relative to control npcs.
five of these targets showed differential expression in late onset ad / intermediate ad pathology brains.
our final models suggested that the factors affected the temporal pattern of morbidity differently.
background : the patient protection and affordable care act ( aca ) galvanised debate in the united states ( us ) over universal health coverage.
comparison with countries providing universal coverage may illustrate whether the aca can improve health outcomes and reduce disparities.
conclusion : moves towards universal health coverage in the us may reduce disparities in hypertension management.
the current situation , providing universal coverage for residents aged @number@ years and over , may not be sufficient for equality in care.
practising arts has been linked to lowering stress , anxiety and blood pressure.
these mechanisms are all known to affect the ageing process.
we compared the life expectancy at age @number@ of the various artists with the elite and middle class of that time.
only visual artists ( le50 : @date@ @number@ ) had a lower life expectancy at age @number@ compared to the elite at that time.
this is in line with observed favourable effects of practicing arts on health in the short-term.
from our historical analysis , we hypothesize several mechanisms through which artistic creativity could influence the ageing process and life expectancy.
these hypotheses , however , should be formally tested before any definite conclusions on effects of arts on ageing can be drawn.
liver gluconeogenesis is essential to provide energy to glycolytic tissues during fasting periods.
however , aberrant up-regulation of this metabolic pathway contributes to the progression of glucose intolerance in individuals with diabetes.
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( pepck ) expression plays a critical role in the modulation of gluconeogenesis.
several pathways contribute to the regulation of pepck , including the nuclear receptor rev-erbα and the histone deacetylase sirt1.
in this work , we provide evidence that dbc1 regulates glucose metabolism and the expression of pepck.
we show that dbc1 levels decrease early in the fasting state.
also , dbc1 ko mice display higher gluconeogenesis in a normal and a high-fat diet.
dbc1 absence leads to an increase in pepck mrna and protein expression.
conversely , overexpression of dbc1 results in a decrease in pepck mrna and protein levels.
dbc1 regulates the levels of rev-erbα , and manipulation of rev-erbα activity or levels prevents the effect of dbc1 on pepck.
in addition , rev-erbα levels decrease in the first hours of fasting.
our results point to dbc1 as a novel regulator of gluconeogenesis.
objective : regular physical activity ( pa ) is important for maintaining long-term physical , cognitive , and emotional health.
however , few older adults engage in routine pa , and even fewer take advantage of programs designed to enhance pa participation.
the goal of this qualitative study was to better understand the barriers to and facilitators of pa and participation in pa programs among older adults.
design : this was a qualitative study using focus group interviews.
setting : focus groups took place at three group health clinics in king county , washington.
participants : fifty-two randomly selected group health medicare members between the ages of @number@ to @number@ participated.
methods : we conducted four focus groups with @number@ participants each.
focus group discussions were audio-recorded , transcribed , and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach and a social-ecological framework.
facilitators included the motivation to maintain physical and mental health and access to affordable , convenient , and stimulating pa options.
the experimental primers together with the control group were applied onto acid-etched premolars for attachment of orthodontic brackets.
after artificial aging by thermocycling the shear-bond strength was measured.
the fractured surfaces of all specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) to evaluate the failure mode on the enamel surface.
the sem images showed full penetration of adhesive agents when using silane-based primers.
in addition , the sem images suggested that the predominant failure type was not necessarily the same as for the failure propagation.
conclusions : this preliminary study suggested that nonacidic silane-based primers with hema addition might be an alternative to for use as adhesion promoting primers.
objective : to investigate whether patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia ( bvftd ) have dysregulation in satiety-related hormonal signaling using a laboratory-based case-control study.
conclusions : despite a tendency to overeat , patients with bvftd have a hormonal profile that should decrease food intake.
aberrant hormone levels may represent a compensatory response to the behavioral or neuroanatomical abnormalities of bvftd.
background : recent observational studies have suggested that the use of beta blockers might be associated with better prognosis after cancer.
vital status , cause of death , and recurrence status were assessed during a median follow-up time of @number@ years.
the associations of beta blocker use and overall , crc-specific , and recurrence-free survival were estimated by cox proportional hazard regression.
in addition , beta blocker subgroup , site , and stage-specific analyses were performed.
conclusions : these results suggest that beta blocker use might be associated with longer survival in patients with stage iv crc.
the myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) is a clonal hematologic disorder that frequently evolves to acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) .
its pathogenesis remains unclear , but mutations in epigenetic modifiers are common and the disease often responds to dna methylation inhibitors.
most of these genes showed similar patterns in human mds and aml.
repeat element hypomethylation was rare in mds but marked the transition to aml in some cases.
healthy older women were assigned to low-volume ( lv ) or high-volume ( hv ) training groups.
the lv group performed one set of each exercise , while the hv group performed three sets , @number@ days / week.
maximal isometric strength of the lower body for both groups increased only at 20we , while upper-body maximal isometric strength increased after 13we and 20we.
maximal activation of the lower and upper body for both groups increased only after 20we.
mq improved in both groups after 13we and 20we , whereas the hv group improved more than the lv group at 20we.
these results showed that low- and high-volume trainings have a similar adaptation time course in the muscular function of upper-body muscles.
however , high-volume training appears to be more efficient for lower-body muscles after @number@ weeks of training.
experimental groups performed one res involving eight exercises.
approximately @number@ h after a res , all of the groups were given an oral fat tolerance test ( oftt ) .
an important gap in the current representational pseudoneglect literature is a discussion of the developmental trajectory of the bias.
bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) was performed with a single-frequency tetrapolar impedance analyzer after the athletes had fasted overnight for @number@ h.
pa and biva were determined from bia data.
the adolescents with low pa were mostly football and basketball players.
interindividual variability in sympathetic nerve activity ( sna ) has provided insight into integrative mechanisms contributing to blood pressure ( bp ) regulation in humans.
in young people , the influence of high sna on bp is balanced by lower cardiac output and less adrenergic vasoconstrictor responsiveness.
older people have higher sna and higher bp.
there was no difference in the fvc response to snp between young and older men ( p > @number@ ) .
in older men , however , this relationship was not observed.
the purpose of this scoping review was to examine the empirical evidence published since @number@ on men as family caregivers of persons with dementia.
a total of @number@ articles were selected for inclusion.
studies were grouped into three major themes for review : men's experiences of caregiving , relational factors , and outcomes of caregiving.
however , there is a need for a framework that explains these findings in relation to masculinities.
such a framework would provide the necessary unifying context for a more powerful explanatory account.
model selection algorithms and statistical analyses , respectively , were used to examine the patterns and significance of the changes.
sex differences were evident , specifically in gfd and sfd , with men showing higher fds.
age × sex interaction was significant mainly in the hemispheric analysis , with men undergoing sharper age-related changes.
right hemisphere was still more complex in men.
conclusions : this study is the first that investigates the wm fd spanning adulthood , treating age both as a continuous and categorical variable.
these suggest that fd could yield a highly compact description of the structural changes and also might inform us about functional and cognitive variations.
purpose : to investigate whether macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) is related to dark adaptation in healthy subjects.
the luminance range of the monitor was extended using neutral density filters.
a heterochromatic flicker photometry based instrument ( mps @number@ ) was used to measure mpod.
results : the average mpod for the whole group was @number@ ± @number@ optical density units.
the two groups were significantly different ( t = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : we report a statistically significant difference between subjects falling in the 10th percentile extremes of mpod and rod-mediated but not cone-mediated sensitivity recovery.
scientists have worked for over a century to uncover the basis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) with the ultimate goal of discovering a treatment.
however , none of the approaches utilized have defined the exact cause of the disease or an ultimate treatment for ad.
this suggestion is supported by evidence that the disruption of vitamin d pathways mimic amyloid pathology.
mitochondria are essential cytoplasmic organelles , critical for cell survival and death.
objective : genomic analyses from blood leukocytes have concluded that mouse injury poorly reflects human trauma at the leukocyte transcriptome.
design : preclinical controlled in vivo laboratory study and retrospective cohort study.
setting : laboratory of inflammation biology and surgical science and multi-institution level @number@ trauma centers.
interventions : mice underwent one of two severity polytrauma models of injury.
total blood leukocyte and neutrophil samples were collected.
in addition , the genome-wide response to blood neutrophils ( rather than total wbc ) was also not well correlated between humans and mice.
however , the expression of many individual gene families was much more strongly correlated after injury in mice and humans.
these genes are involved in early inflammation and innate / adaptive immunity.
background : caregivers of persons with dementia are stressed.
stressors not related to care recipients ' needs impact caregiver outcomes , yet are seldom reported.
fisher's exact test and two-sample t-test were used to compare most stressful events between caregivers.
anova model tested whether the phq-9 and r-mbpc subscales differed by stressor.
care recipient needs ( @percent@ ) , caregiver needs ( @percent@ ) , and decision-making ( @percent@ ) were the most frequently reported stressors.
background : we examined emergency room ( er ) utilization by persons with dementia ( pwds ) using caregiver and patient characteristics as predictors.
methods : a secondary analysis of @number@ veteran-caregiver dyads.
caregivers recorded pwd baseline characteristics and noted er visits over the next year.
two sets of regression models analyzed categorical er use and repeat er use.
conclusions : functional status most strongly predicted er use , highlighting the promise of home-based interventions to improve activities of daily living.
number of chronic conditions and caregiver-reported relationship strain are potential targets of intervention during discharge process.
habitual exercise is associated with improved vef and reduced cvd risk.
anthropomorphic measures were similar in both groups ( p > @number@ ) .
fmd was significantly greater in ex ( @time@ ± @percent@ ) versus con ( @number@ ± @percent@ ) ( p < @number@ ) .
these results are consistent with the positive effects of habitual exercise on vef in overweight postmenopausal women.
active caspase-6 is abundant in the neuropil threads , neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of alzheimer disease brains.
however , its contribution to the pathophysiology of alzheimer disease is unclear.
here , we show that higher levels of caspase-6 activity in the ca1 region of aged human hippocampi correlate with lower cognitive performance.
this caspase-6 mouse develops age-dependent spatial and episodic memory impairment.
caspase-6 induces neuronal degeneration and inflammation.
we conclude that caspase-6 activation in mouse ca1 neurons is sufficient to induce neuronal degeneration and age-dependent memory impairment.
these results indicate that caspase-6 activity in ca1 could be responsible for the lower cognitive performance of aged humans.
consequently , preventing or inhibiting caspase-6 activity in the aged may provide an efficient novel therapeutic approach against alzheimer disease.
we have compared the effects of different 12-week exercise programs on simple and choice reaction and movement times in persons @number@ to @number@ years old.
at follow-up , the aerobic and cognitive exercise program was found to have resulted in significant positive effects.
our results suggest that to improve reaction time values , it is advisable to include cognitive features into a physical exercise routine.
self-efficacy explained @percent@ of the variance in fallers ( p < @number@ ) and @percent@ in nonfallers ( p < @number@ ) .
neighborhood walking was significantly associated with self-efficacy for individual barriers in both groups.
self-efficacy for neighborhood barriers trended toward significance in fallers ( β = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
fall history did not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and neighborhood walking.
walking interventions for older adults should address self-efficacy in overcoming individual walking barriers.
those targeting fallers should consider addressing self-efficacy for overcoming neighborhood barriers.
this study aimed to determine whether associations between the perceived environment and physical activity are moderated by urban-rural status among midolder aged adults.
multinomial logistic regression examined interactions between urban-rural status and environments in associations with physical activity.
in contrast , the physical activity environment was positively associated with leisure activity among only urban adults.
findings suggest that some tailoring of physical activity promotion strategies targeting the environment may be required for urban and rural midolder aged adults.
autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by sequestering unwanted material within autophagosomes and transferring these to lysosomes for degradation.
several signaling cascades activate or suppress autophagy in response to diverse environmental cues.
however , whether autophagic structures per se regulate cell signaling was not known.
age-related changes in physical abilities , such as strength and flexibility , contribute to functional losses.
however , older individuals may be unaware of what specific physical abilities compromise independent functioning.
criterion-referenced ( cr ) fitness standards suggested that @percent@ of the individuals were at risk for loss of independent functioning.
this study highlights age-related differences in physical abilities and the risk for the loss of independence in later life.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.
although the causes of pd are still not understood , aging is a predisposing factor and metabolic stress seems to be a common trigger.
interestingly , the response to stress conditions and quality control mechanisms is impaired in pd , as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders.
downregulation of rrna transcription is one major strategy to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions , as it limits energy consumption in disadvantageous circumstances.
altered rrna transcription and disruption of nucleolar integrity are associated with neurodegenerative disorders , and with aging.
nucleolar stress can be triggered by genetic and epigenetic factors , and by specific signaling mechanisms , that are altered in neurodegenerative disorders.
in this review , we will summarize findings identifying an emerging role of nucleolar stress for the onset and progression of in particular pd.
emphasis is given to similarities in molecular causes and consequences of nucleolar stress in other neurodegenerative disorders.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : role of the nucleolus in human disease.
the cochlear nucleus ( cn ) is populated by morphologically diverse types of neurons with discrete physiological and neurochemical properties.
although , information is available on the age related neurochemical changes in the mammalian cn similar reports on human cn is still sparse.
there was increased gfap immunoreactivity in decades @number@ and @number@ in comparison to decade @number@ in the cn.
gaba and nachr beta @number@ expressions were unchanged throughout in all the decades.
maintenance of telomere length and structure is essential for cell survival.
the best characterized htert spliced variants encode for inactive proteins that possess specific deletions within the htert catalytic domains.
whether peripheral hearing impairment is associated with accelerated rates of brain atrophy is unclear.
these results were robust to adjustment for multiple confounders and were consistent with voxel-based analyses , which also implicated right greater than left temporal regions.
further studies investigating the mechanistic basis of the observed associations are needed.
every hip fracture begins with a microscopic crack , which enlarges explosively over microseconds.
most hip fractures in the elderly occur on falling from standing height , usually sideways or backwards.
the typically moderate level of trauma very rarely causes fracture in younger people.
here , this paradox is traced to the decline of multiple protective mechanisms at many length scales from nanometres to that of the whole femur.
menopause and over-deep osteoclastic resorption are associated with incomplete bmu refilling leading to excessive porosity , cortical thinning and disconnection of trabeculae.
in consequence the participation of healthy osteocytes in crack-impeding mechanisms is impaired.
observational studies demonstrate that protective crack deflection in the elderly is reduced.
this review examines recent developments in the understanding of why the elderly hip becomes fragile.
synapses may represent a key nidus for dementia including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
here we review published studies and present new ideas related to the question of the specificity of synapse loss in ad.
currently , ad is defined by the regional presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
for many of these comorbid pathologies , the extent of synapse loss is imperfectly understood but could be substantial.
these findings indicate that synapse loss is probably not a hallmark specific to ad but rather a change common to many diseases associated with dementia.
objective : to examine whether stroke survivors with more severe spatial neglect during their acute inpatient rehabilitation had poorer mobility after returning to their communities.
design : a prospective observational study.
setting : acute inpatient rehabilitation and follow-up in the community.
a score of the behavioral inattention test < 129 or of the catherine bergego scale > 0 defined the presence of spatial neglect.
this measure was assessed after participants returned home ≥6 months after stroke.
conclusions : our result indicates that acute spatial neglect has a negative impact on regaining of functional mobility in the community.
specific screening and treatment of spatial neglect during acute stroke care may be necessary to improve long-term mobility recovery.
chromosomal and genomic instability due to telomere dysfunction is known to play an important role in carcinogenesis.
telomeres of basal cells in the sun-exposed group were shorter than those in the sun-protected group.
tibetan macaques ( macaca thibetana ) , also known as chinese stump-tailed macaques , are a threatened primate species.
although tibetan macaques are old world monkeys in the genus of macaca , limited age- and sex-related physiologic data are available for this particular species.
we used @number@ apparently healthy tibetan male and female macaques to explore the effect of age and sex on physiologic parameters.
somatometric measurements , biochemistry , and hematologic parameters were analyzed.
significant differences by sex were noted for weight , bmi , alt , total bilirubin , and indirect bilirubin.
an interaction between age and sex accounted for statistically significant differences in the values for weight , bmi , and lymphocyte and eosinophil counts.
these physiologic data will provide veterinarians and researchers with important age- and sex-specific reference ranges for evaluating experimental results from tibetan macaques.
background : although dialysis prolongs life for patients with end-stage kidney disease , @percent@ of deaths in this population are preceded by dialysis therapy withdrawal.
recently , there has been more focus on conservative ( nondialytic ) care as a legitimate option , particularly for elderly patients.
this study aims to describe patients ' and caregivers ' perspectives on conservative treatment and end-of-life care in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
study design : systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.
setting & population : patients with ckd and caregivers.
search strategy & sources : medline , embase , psycinfo , cinahl , and reference lists were searched to @date@ .
analytical approach : thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings.
limitations : non-english articles were excluded ; therefore , the transferability of findings to other populations is unclear.
conclusions : some patients with ckd experience physical and psychosocial frailty and feel ambivalent about prolonging life.
some caregivers believe in providing relief from suffering , but are uncertain about making decisions regarding dialysis therapy initiation and discontinuation.
we suggest that ckd management should encompass palliative care strategies that promote emotional resilience , sense of well-being , and self-value.
also , respectful and attentive communication may empower patients to convey their values and preferences about their own care.
the apolipoprotein e epsilon @number@ allele ( apoe-ε4 ) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late onset alzheimer's disease.
expansion of the lateral ventricles occurs with normal aging , but dementia accelerates this process.
therefore , we hypothesized that the apoe-ε4 allele is associated with altered patterns of longitudinal ventricular expansion , in dementia and normal aging.
we tested this hypothesis in a large sample of elderly participants , using a linear discriminant analysis-based approach.
apoe genotyping is considered critical in clinical trials of alzheimer's disease.
the hexonucleotide repeat expansion ' ggggcc ' at the c9orf72 gene has been strongly linked with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
there is some evidence for clinical and genetic overlap between frontotemporal dementia and schizophrenia.
here , we genotyped the repeat at c9orf72 in a large irish psychosis case-control sample ( n = @number@ ) .
we found no carriers of > 30 repeats.
our study provides further evidence to bolster the claim that carriers of the repeat expansion at c9orf72 arose from a single common founder.
cellular senescence is a physiological process of irreversible cell-cycle arrest that contributes to various physiological and pathological processes of aging.
recent evidence indicates that cellular senescence provides a barrier to tumorigenesis and is a determinant of the outcome of cancer treatment.
conventional treatments , such as chemo- and radiotherapies , preferentially induce premature senescence instead of apoptosis in the appropriate cellular context.
in addition , treatment-induced premature senescence could compensate for resistance to apoptosis via alternative signaling pathways.
this review summarizes the current understanding of molecular mechanisms , functions , and clinical applications of cellular senescence for anticancer therapy.
background : subjective memory impairment ( smi ) refers to conditions in which people complain of memory problems despite intact cognition.
the primary purpose of the present study was to examine the roles of self-focused attention and depressive symptomatology in subjective memory complaints.
the severity of subjective memory complaints was measured with the modified multifactorial memory questionnaire.
in addition , neuropsychological functions , self-focused attention , and depressive symptomatology were also assessed.
the severity of smi , however , was significantly correlated with self-focused attention and depressive symptomatology.
the interaction effects between self-focused attention / depressive symptomatology and objective memory performance on the severity of smi were not significant.
clinical implications as well as limitations of the present study were discussed.
objective : to examine the association of @number@ established pca risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) with pcsm.
outcome measurements and statistical analysis : the main outcome was pcsm.
the risk allele was defined as the allele associated with an increased risk for pca in the literature.
we used cox proportional hazards regression to calculate the hazard ratios of each snp with time to progression to pcsm after diagnosis.
we also used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for each risk snp , comparing fatal pca cases to controls.
conclusions : eight established risk loci were associated with progression to pcsm after diagnosis.
twenty-two snps were associated with fatal pca incidence , but most did not differentiate between fatal and nonfatal pca.
patient summary : in this report , we assessed whether established pca risk variants could predict pcsm.
we found eight risk variants associated with pcsm : one predicted an increased risk of pcsm , while seven were associated with decreased risk.
larger studies that focus on fatal pca are needed to identify more markers that could aid prediction.
these and studies in animal models have suggested that the early environment , especially early nutrition , plays an important role in mediating these associations.
many of the conditions associated with early-life nutrition are also those which have an age-associated aetiology.
these are phenotypes common to accelerated cellular ageing.
however , the positive effects of dr on health appear to be highly conserved across the vast majority of species , including human subjects.
several such compounds , including rapamycin , metformin and resveratrol , have been identified as potential dr mimetics.
although these compounds show significant promise , there is a need to properly understand the mechanisms through which these drugs act.
insulin resistance and type @number@ diabetes are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
subjects with normoglycemia also lost less whole-brain volume and exhibited lower conversion from mci to ad.
there was no difference in hippocampal volume change or emission tomography between groups.
these results suggest that baseline glycemia is related to cognitive decline and progression to ad.
this study aimed to calculate the incidence of aki due to anti-tb drugs and analyze the outcomes and predictors of renal recovery.
methods : from @number@ to @number@ patients on anti-tb treatment were identified and their medical records reviewed.
predictors of renal recovery were identified by cox regression analysis.
results : ninety-nine out of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients on anti-tb treatment had aki.
their median age was @number@ years and there was male predominance.
sixty ( @percent@ ) developed aki within two months of anti-tb treatment , including @number@ ( @percent@ ) with a prior history of rifampin exposure.
thirty ( @percent@ ) had co-morbid chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.
the median time of renal recovery was @number@ days ( range , 1-180 days ) .
factors predicting renal recovery were the presence of fever , rash , and gastro-intestinal disturbance at the onset of aki.
sixty-two of the @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients who recovered from aki had successful re-introduction or continuation of rifampin.
conclusions : renal function impairment is not a rare complication during anti-tb treatment in an elderly population.
the presence of fever and rash may be associated with renal recovery.
rifampin can still be used in most patients who recover from aki.
significance : memory is an essential human cognitive function.
however , the main compounds currently used to treat early ad , acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( acheis ) , are unsatisfactory in efficacy and safety.
furthermore , nmdars also interact with amyloid beta peptide / amyloid precursor protein and tau protein , whose production represents the main manifestations of ad.
the benefits and limitations of nmdar antagonists that can diminish the excitatory neurotoxicity triggered by glutamate are also addressed in relation to ad.
we propose that enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission by activating the nmdar may be effective in treating the cognitive decline that occurs in ad.
the world population is growing older and age-related cognitive decline is becoming a burden of societal importance.
exogenous administration of d-serine in rodents has demonstrated pro-cognitive effects in several brain functions , including memory and executive function.
further to animal studies , our group has observed an agerelated decrease in d-serine in the blood of healthy adults and elderly.
in this review we propose the activation of the co-agonist site of nmda receptors as a target to remediate features of the age-related cognitive decline.
the cognitive effects of other agents targeting the co-agonist site of nmda receptors are also discussed.
that some aging-associated phenotypes may be reversible is an emerging theme in contemporary aging research.
gomes et al. report that age-associated oxidative phosphorylation ( oxphos ) defects in murine skeletal muscle are biphasic.
in the first phase , oxphos is decreased because of reduced expression of mitochondrially encoded genes.
however , muscle strength is not restored.
hif-1a promotes an hypoxic-like ( warburg effect ) state in the cell.
the hif-1a protein interacts with c-myc , decreasing c-myc-regulated transcription of the key mitochondrial regulator mitochondrial transcription factor a ( tfam ) .
low levels of tfam lead to first-phase oxphos dysfunction.
the transition to irreversible phase @number@ dysfunction remains to be characterized , but may be related to increased reactive oxygen species ( ros ) production.
this model suggests that intervention in mitochondrial aging may be possible using appropriate nad⁺ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside.
restoring nad⁺ levels may be beneficial throughout the organism.
for example , aging-associated disturbances in circadian rhythm are linked to diminished sirt1 activity , and loss of hematopoietic stem cell function to reduced sirt3.
work to elucidate other biphasic aging mechanisms is strongly encouraged.
results : six key themes were identified.
the psychosocial model of music in dementia was developed.
the model revealed the importance of music to support the personal psychology of people with dementia and the social psychology of the care home environment.
conclusion : the effects of music go beyond the reduction of behavioural and psychological symptoms.
individual preference of music is preserved throughout the process of dementia.
sustaining musical and interpersonal connectedness would help value who the person is and maintain the quality of their life.
conclusions : pm plays an important role in self-report of successful medication management among older adults.
purpose : the aim of this study was to evaluate corneal parameters obtained by scheimpflug imaging of dermatochalasis patients both preoperatively and after blepharoplasty.
results : postoperatively , the keratometric value of the steepest meridian increased significantly in group @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
the only parameter that was significantly different from the preoperative value was the steepest keratometry reading in group @number@ patients.
according to our results , blepharoplasty seems not to cause significant changes in the main corneal indices.
background : asians are prone to develop epidermal pigmentary lesions as a result of photoaging.
solar lentigines , especially those which are light in color , show somewhat limited response to pigment lasers and intense pulsed light sources.
patient and methods : this was a split-face , evaluator-blind , randomized controlled study.
a single session of treatment was performed on asian patients with light facial lentigines.
q-switched nd : yag laser was allocated to one half of the face , and er : yag micropeel to the other half.
the response to therapy was evaluated by two independent dermatologists with standardized photographs taken @number@ weeks and @number@ month after the laser treatment.
patients ' satisfaction and preference in treatment were also assessed.
results : fifteen patients completed the study and were analyzed.
a reduction in pigment was observed with both lasers during the study period.
both laser types could be applied either singly in turns , or in combination for maximal efficacy in future.
fluorescence-activated cell sorting ( facs ) strategies to purify distinct cell types from the pool of fetal human myofiber-associated ( hmfa ) cells were developed.
systemizing is defined as the drive to analyze a system in terms of the rules that govern the system in order to predict its behavior.
negative rgmv correlates of systemizing were found in an area close to the left posterior insula and putamen.
these findings reconcile some previously inconsistent findings , provide other new findings and suggest that these areas contribute to empathizing-systemizing.
furthermore , the negative / positive rgmv correlates of empathizing and positive / negative rgmv correlates of systemizing overlapped substantially.
this may be in line with the notion that empathizing and systemizing compete neurally in the brain.
aim : to evaluate human gastric submucosal vascular dysfunction and its mechanism during the aging process.
methods : twenty male patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy were enrolled in this study.
young and elderly patient groups aged 25-40 years and 60-85 years , respectively , were included.
inclusion criteria were : no clinical evidence of cardiovascular , renal or diabetic diseases.
conventional clinical examinations were carried out.
after surgery , gastric submucosal arteries were immediately dissected free of fat and connective tissue.
vascular responses to acetylcholine ( ach ) and sodium nitroprusside ( snp ) were measured by isolated vascular perfusion.
morphological changes in the gastric mucosal vessels were observed by hematoxylin and eosin ( he ) staining and verhoeff van gieson ( evg ) staining.
the expression of xanthine oxidase ( xo ) and manganese-superoxide dismutase ( mn-sod ) was assessed by western blotting analysis.
results : the overall structure of vessel walls was shown by he and evg staining , respectively.
ach- and snp-induced vasodilatation in elderly arterioles was significantly decreased compared with that of gastric submucosal arterioles from young patients.
conclusion : gastric vascular dysfunction and senescence may be associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidative defense in the aging process.
aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) .
inorganic nitrite is a promising precursor molecule for augmenting circulating and tissue no bioavailability because it requires only a one-step reduction to no.
nitrite also acts as an independent signaling molecule , exerting many of the effects previously attributed to no.
results of recent studies indicate that nitrite may be effective in the treatment of vascular aging.
increasing nitrite levels via dietary intake of nitrate appears to have similarly beneficial effects in many of the same physiological and clinical settings.
we therefore examined the relationship between intelligence quotient ( iq ) and changes in cortical thickness and surface over time in @number@ healthy subjects.
at @number@ years of age , more intelligent children have a slightly thinner cortex than children with a lower iq.
this relationship becomes more pronounced with increasing age : with higher iq , a faster thinning of the cortex is found over time.
in the more intelligent young adults , this relationship reverses so that by the age of @number@ a thicker cortex is associated with higher intelligence.
in contrast , cortical surface is larger in more intelligent children at the age of @number@
the cortical surface is still expanding , reaching its maximum area during adolescence.
with higher iq , cortical expansion is completed at a younger age ; and once completed , surface area decreases at a higher rate.
introduction : susceptibility to muscle fatigue during aging could depend on muscle activation patterns.
stronger muscles fatigued more quickly , and slower contractile properties were associated with longer sustained contractions.
conclusions : the slowing and weakness of older muscle was associated with superior fatigue resistance during sustained isometric contractions.
young and old showed similar fatigue following a series of brief , intermittent contractions , but women fatigued less than men.
currently , there are no effective treatments for alzheimer's disease and related disorders and age continues to be a robust risk factor.
thus , population aging in the united states may have catastrophic results if interventions are not found and implemented.
this study examines possible associations between cognitive impairment and exercise , cognitive activities , and socialization.
cognitive activities , socialization , and exercise were assessed at baseline , and cognitive function was measured at baseline , 5-year , and 10-year follow-up.
controlling for baseline cognitive function , age , sex , education , diabetes , and hypertension , linear regression was performed.
engagement in cognitive activities was inversely associated with the onset of cognitive impairment at 5-year follow-up but was no longer significant at 10-year follow-up.
exercise was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment at 10-year follow-up but was not significant at 5-year follow-up.
associations with socialization were not statistically significant at either follow-up.
purpose : to investigate the auditory behavior of patients with chronic renal failure ( crf ) undergoing kidney transplantation.
a control group was used to compare the high-frequency audiometry results.
rates were higher when the patients had been transplanted from deceased donors compared to living donors.
conclusion : there were no changes in conventional audiological and high-frequency evaluation , or in the central auditory processing.
professionals involved in the care of kidney transplantation recipients must be better informed about the care , prevention , and early identification of auditory disorders.
we related potentially relevant physiological characteristics to beat-to-beat , ambulatory , and day-to-day bp variability to identify underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
orthostatic bp changes were associated only with sbp-cv on home bp monitoring ( @number@ p = 0.002 ) .
several investigations have demonstrated that running performance gradually decreases with age by using runners > 25 years grouped in 5-year age brackets.
gender differences in performance times were analyzed between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
the sex difference in running time remained stable at ~18.7 ± @number@ % from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
after this , sex difference progressively increased with advancing age.
in summary , endurance runners obtained their best performance in the marathon at @number@ years in men and @number@ in women.
thus , elite marathon runners should program their long-term training to obtain maximal performance during their late 20s.
huntington disease ( hd ) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a cag expansion in the htt gene.
using yeast two-hybrid methods , we identified a large set of proteins that interact with huntingtin ( htt ) -interacting proteins.
we also demonstrate that htt co-localizes with baiap2 in filopodia and that mutant htt interferes with filopodial dynamics.
these data indicate that htt is involved directly in membrane dynamics , cell attachment , and motility.
furthermore , they implicate dysregulation in these pathways as pathological mechanisms in hd.
ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide.
due to advances in medicine in the past few decades , life expectancy has increased resulting in an aging population in developed and developing countries.
acute coronary syndrome causes greater morbidity and mortality in this group of older patients , which appears to be due to age-related comorbidities.
design : randomized cross-over.
materials and methods : seventeen pad patients performed two experimental sessions : control ( c ) and resistance exercise ( r ) .
bp load , nocturnal bp fall , and morning surge were also similar between r and c sessions ( p > 0.05 ) .
however , parietal morphometry remains difficult to assess in vivo.
recently , it was shown that adaptive optics retinal imaging can resolve parietal structures of retinal arterioles in humans in vivo.
semi-automated segmentation allowed extracting parietal thickness and lumen diameter.
background : currently , little information describing the relationship of pilates-based strength and stability exercises with fall risk in the geriatric population exists.
the patient received physical therapy and occupational therapy @number@ days per week for @number@ days in an snf.
outcomes : the patient demonstrated increases in lower extremity strength and active range of motion , ambulation distance and speed , and transfer ability.
the patient was able to return home and live with her husband while requiring only incidental assistance with activities of daily living.
she was able to independently ambulate around her home with her rolling walker.
conclusion : this case illustrates the benefit of integrating pbr exercises into a standard snf rehabilitation program , which may contribute to decreased fall risk.
stress has been associated with negative changes observed during the aging process.
however , very little research has been carried out on the role of age in acute stress effects on memory.
memory performance was assessed by the rey auditory verbal learning test ( ravlt ) .
however , we failed to find sex differences in memory performance.
sexuality plays an important role in elders ' lives.
however , few studies exist concerning the essential meaning crucial for the overall understanding of sexuality in later life.
in this study we explored the experience of what sexuality implied and meant to older widows using the descriptive phenomenological approach.
purposive sampling yielded @number@ elderly women who were in sexual relationships.
we collected data through in-depth interviews with participants and conducted a thematic analysis.
recent findings : findings have substantially extended the clinical utility of bnp / nt-pro-bnp assay.
in ttc , bnp / nt-pro-bnp therefore serves as an ancillary diagnostic measure as well as a marker of recovery.
summary : bnp / nt-pro-bnp assay has widespread utility as an adjunct to cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management.
healthy volunteers were supplemented daily with @number@ g of strawberries for @number@ month.
a high concentration of vitamin c and anthocyanins was found in the fruits.
all the parameters returned to baseline values after the washout period.
finally , strawberry intake significant decrease ( p < .05 ) the number of activated platelets , compared to both baseline and washout values.
cockayne syndrome is a segmental premature aging syndrome , which can be caused by loss of function of the csb protein.
here , we describe a new interaction partner for csb , the dna glycosylase neil2.
using both cell extracts and recombinant proteins , csb and neil2 were found to physically interact independently of dna.
we further found that csb is able to stimulate neil2 glycosylase activity on a 5-hydroxyl uracil lesion in a dna bubble structure substrate in vitro.
a novel @number@ , ( fapya ) specific incision activity of neil2 was also stimulated by csb.
additionally , stalling of the progression of the transcription bubble with α-amanitin resulted in increased co-localization of csb and neil2.
finally , csb knockdown resulted in reduced incision of 8-hydroxyguanine in a dna bubble structure using whole cell extracts.
taken together , our data supports a biological role for csb and neil2 in transcription associated base excision repair.
we combined multiple perceptual learning approaches that have individually contributed to increasing the speed , magnitude and generality of learning into a perceptual-learning based video-game.
our results demonstrate broad-based benefits of vision in a healthy adult population.
objective : to study risk factors of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and status of bone mineral density ( bmd ) in women with hypoestrogenism.
conclusions : the menopausal symptoms resulting from hypoestrogenism in natural postmenopausal women are mostly remarkable.
a structured questionnaire was used to collect data of demographics , menopausal status , chronic diseases , reproductive history.
also the menopausal symptoms were evaluated by kupperman menopause index ( kmi ) .
cox proportional hazards regression model and logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for earlier age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms , respectively.
conclusions : the study suggested that an estimate of median age at natural menopause were @number@ years in jiangsu women.
the main factors contributing to earlier onset of menopause and menopausal symptoms were lower educational level , poor economic status , and smoking.
objective : to investigate the characteristics of menopause of chinese women with the age of 40-60 years concerning gynecologic clinics in china.
modified kupperman index were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms during the recent week and awareness of hormonal replacement therapy were studied.
results : a total of @number@ women were investigated.
climacteric symptoms could be found in @percent@ ( 1287 / 1641 ) women during menopausal transition , which were mainly mild to moderate symptoms.
there were @percent@ ( 733 / 1300 ) women had ever heard ( mostly from gynecologist ) about hormone replacement therapy from obstetrician and gynecologist.
conclusions : most of the women during menopausal transition had climacteric symptoms , usually mild and moderate ones.
although most symptoms primarily appeared along with menstruation change , there are other patients ' experienced climacteric symptoms before menstruation change occurrence.
introduction : immune response probably changes during human life , being influenced by cumulative exposure to environmental factors and individual genetic background.
methods : patients investigated for suspected interstitial lung disease were prospectively enrolled.
after completing the diagnostic process , @number@ patients were diagnosed extrinsic allergic alveolitis ( eaa ) and @number@ sarcoidosis.
results : age subgroups of eaa patients did not significantly differ in lung functions.
in the group above @number@ years , non-significantly higher neutrophils and eosinophils counts and cd4 / cd8 ratio were observed.
sarcoidosis patients were significantly younger than eaa group and had significantly better lung functions ( vc , fev1 , tlco ) .
patients with sarcoidosis above @number@ years of age had significantly higher percentages of neutrophils in balf compared with younger patients.
balf percentage of neutrophils positively correlated with age.
background : immune responses are generally impaired in aged mammals.
t cells have been extensively studied in this context due to the initial discovery of their reduced proliferative capacity with aging.
the decreased responses involve altered signaling events associated with the early steps of t cell activation.
the underlying causes of these changes are not fully understood but point to alterations in assembly of the machinery for t cell activation.
such conditions tip the immune balance in favor of altered t cell activation and a related decreased response in aging.
confocal microscopy analysis revealed that the dynamic movements of these regulatory proteins in lipid raft microdomains was altered in t cells of aged individuals.
enzymic assays showed that shp-1 activity was upregulated in t cells of aged donors , in contrast to young subjects.
conclusions : our data suggest that the role of shp-1 in t cell activation extends to its increased effect in negative feedback in aging.
modulation of shp-1 activity could be a target to restore altered t cell functions in aging.
these observations could have far reaching consequences for improvement of immunosenescence and its clinical consequences such as infections , altered response to vaccination.
objective : there is no epidemiological study on the prevalence of impulse control disorders ( icds ) in the elderly population.
the studies on icds in elderly patients are limited and some of them are case reports about pathological gambling and kleptomania.
the comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders makes diagnosis difficult and has negative effects on both treatment and the prognosis of icds.
the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of icds among elderly patients and to evaluate the related sociodemographic and clinical features.
a demographic data form was completed.
the prevalence of icds was investigated by using the modified version of the minnesota impulse disorders interview ( midi ) .
impulsivity was measured with the barratt impulsiveness scale version @number@ ( bis-11 ) .
the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) test was performed to evaluate the cognitive status of patients and to exclude the diagnosis of dementia.
in addition , all patients completed symptom check list-90 ( scl-90 ) .
results : the prevalence rate of at least one comorbid icd in our sample was @percent@.
when patients with a diagnosis of icds not otherwise specified ( icd-nos ) were included , the prevalence rate increased to @percent@.
the most common icd was intermittent explosive disorder ( @percent@ ) , followed by pathological gambling ( @percent@ ) .
the only statistically significant difference between the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with or without icds was gender.
the lifetime prevalence of icds was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
the prevalence of childhood conduct disorder was significantly higher in the group with icd.
comorbidity of alcohol / substance abuse was found to be @percent@ in patients with icd whereas no cases were found in the group without icd.
conclusion : the result of this study has shown that approximately one fifth of patients over 60years had at least one lifetime icd comorbidity.
the prevalence rates of icds seem to decrease with aging.
the male gender and childhood conduct disorder are related with higher prevalence rates of icds in elderly.
it is also associated with premature aging and increased mortality.
hba1c was adjusted for age , sex , centers , @number@ principal components , without and with bmi.
a linear mixed effects model was used for association testing.
results : two known loci at gck rs730497 ( or rs2908282 ) and hk1 rs17476364 were confirmed ( p < 5e-8 ) .
similar findings resulted when hba1c was further adjusted for bmi.
further validations are crucial for the remaining suggestive loci including the emerged variant near or10r3p / spta1.
future focused survey of sequence elements containing mainly functional and regulatory variants may yield additional findings.
bace1 cleaves over @number@ putative substrates , however the majority of these cleavages have not been characterized.
here we investigated bace1-mediated cleavage of human contactin-2 , a gpi-anchored cell adhesion molecule.
results : our initial protein sequence analysis showed that contactin-2 harbors a strong putative bace1 cleavage site close to its gpi membrane linker domain.
when we overexpressed bace1 in cho cells stably transfected with human contactin-2 , we found increased release of soluble contactin-2 in the conditioned media.
conversely , pharmacological inhibition of bace1 in cho cells expressing human contactin-2 and mouse primary neurons decreased soluble contactin-2 secretion.
the bace1 cleavage site mutation 1008mm / aa dramatically impaired soluble contactin-2 release.
we then asked whether contactin-2 release induced by bace1 expression would concomitantly decrease cell surface levels of contactin-2.
finally , contactin-2 levels were decreased in alzheimer's disease brain samples correlating inversely with elevated bace1 levels in the same samples.
conclusion : our results clearly demonstrate that mouse and human contactin-2 are physiological substrates for bace1.
bace1-mediated contactin-2 cleavage tightly regulates the surface expression of contactin-2 in neuronal cells.
further research is warranted to evaluate the relation between this mfs measurement and physical functional performance in those at high risk for falling.
background : little is known about the effects of age on the symptoms of anxiety disorder.
moreover , there were graduated changes in the type and number of symptoms associated with gad in each successive age group.
conclusions : there are graduated , age-related differences in the phenomenology of gad that might contribute to challenges in the detection of late-life anxiety.
objective : to examine the influence of audiological and non-audiological factors on help-seeking for hearing impairment ( hi ) in older adults.
design : a retrospective research design was employed.
study sample : three-hundred-and-seven individuals who were @number@ years or older and who presented with a unilateral or bilateral hi participated in the study.
greater hi also influenced consultation and adoption of hearing aids.
conclusions : findings highlight the importance of non-audiological factors in hearing rehabilitation to improve consultation for hi and hearing aid adoption.
the adaptive immune system requires a diverse t-cell repertoire to be able to respond to a wide variety of pathogens.
worryingly , the repertoire diversity declines dramatically in old age.
however , many additional factors affect the repertoire such as homeostatic turnover and antigen-dependent expansion in response to infection.
mathematical models taking a population biology perspective are important tools for understanding how the interplay between these factors affects the immune repertoire.
we also discuss consequences for strategies to rejuvenate the immune repertoire in old age.
hence , the understanding of these expressions is essential for daily communication.
there was no evidence of an age-related decline on any tasks.
rather , the 60s group reported greater familiarity and offered better explanations than did the 20s group.
moreover , greater familiarity with idioms was associated with better understanding in adults.
using the reported residential address , each participant was linked to the @number@ census at block-group level to retrieve the above-mentioned neighborhood characteristics.
prostate cancer affects couples ' sexual intimacy , but men rarely use recommended proerectile aids.
this mixed-methods study aimed to identify couples ' preprostatectomy barriers to sexual recovery.
potential barriers were derived using grounded theory.
quantitative data triangulated qualitative findings.
heterosexual couples ( n = @number@ ) participated.
men's average age was @number@ years and their partners ' average age was @number@ years.
men's couple sexual satisfaction was lowest ( sexual experience questionnaire : m = @number@ sd = @number@ ) .
mean total female sexual function index was low ( m = @number@ sd = @number@ ) .
heterosexual couples face prostatectomy-related sexual side-effects having experienced developmental sexual losses.
couples use avoidant strategies to defend against worry about cancer and anticipated prostatectomy-related sexual changes.
these potential barriers are modifiable if couples can learn to cope with sexual losses and accept sexual rehabilitation strategies.
the balance between osteoblasts and adipocytes is influenced by a reciprocal relationship.
rk in the presence of atra increased alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity in a dose-dependent manner.
rk in the presence of rhbmp-2 also increased alp activity.
rk promoted the differentiation of c3h10t1 / 2 stem cells into osteoblasts.
however , rk did not affect the inhibition of early-stage adipocyte differentiation.
results : twelve studies ( five quantitative , three qualitative and four mixed methods ) met the criteria for inclusion in the review.
no randomised controlled trials were identified.
significant heterogeneity in the results of the quantitative studies precluded statistical data synthesis.
thematic analysis and synthesis was applied to the three qualitative studies and the qualitative data of the mixed-method studies.
all but one of the quantitative studies reported that the reading interventions had a positive effect.
the evidence from the qualitative studies demonstrated multiple positive effects of shared reading groups.
univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between pre- and post-intervention in tai chi participants.
the participants in the post-intervention time also reduced bmi , sbp , and waist circumference.
objectives : to determine testosterone fractions in japanese men and to compare these values with those of framingham heart study participants.
methods : we enrolled @number@ healthy japanese men.
analog-based free testosterone and immunoassay-based total testosterone were determined by immunoassay.
the analog-based free testosterone values were approximately @percent@ of the calculated free testosterone values.
the analog-based free testosterone value can be considered instead as a suitable biochemical determinant for diagnosing late-onset hypogonadism syndrome.
background : the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the epidemiology of contrast-induced acute kidney injury ( ci-aki ) in the elderly.
methods : a literature review was undertaken to determine the incidence of ci-aki in individuals receiving intravascular contrast medium in the hospital setting.
results : twenty-two studies with @number@ patients were identified.
the pooled odds ratio of ci-aki in the elderly was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.85-3.52 , i ( @number@ ) = 0.34 ) .
conclusion : elderly patients are at greater risk for developing ci-aki.
objectives : homocysteine ( hcy ) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease , possibly leading to myocardial damage.
cardiac troponin t ( tnt ) , a marker of cardiomyocyte injury , can be detected by high-sensitivity tnt ( hstnt ) assay.
the current study investigated the relationship between plasma hcy and hstnt levels in a community-based population.
a subsequent subgroup analysis found that in subjects aged @number@ years and older , the association between hstnt levels and hcy levels was strengthened.
the association between hstnt and hcy was not present in the younger subgroup ( < 65 years old ) .
conclusion : levels of serum hcy are associated with hstnt levels in the elderly , indicating a relationship between hcy and subclinical myocardial damage.
patients were randomly divided into a racp group ( n = 77 ) and a snp group ( n = 91 ) .
during localization and deployment of the stent graft , hypotension was induced by racp or intravenous snp , according to randomization.
except for methods of inducing hypotension , tevar was performed according to the same protocol in each group.
results : racp was successfully performed in all patients assigned to the racp group.
stent graft localization / deployment was more precise in the racp group ( 2±1 versus 5±2 mm , p < 0.001 ) .
conclusion : racp can be safely applied to patients undergoing tevar for stanford b dissection.
racp can shorten the operation duration and facilitate precise graft localization / deployment.
background : lower gastrointestinal endoscopy can decrease colorectal cancer risk strongly through detection and removal of adenomas.
self-reported endoscopies were validated by medical records.
results : median age of patients and controls was @number@ and @number@ years , respectively.
lower gastrointestinal endoscopy did not modify the association of smoking and colorectal cancer risk among current smokers and among the more recent quitters.
however , risk of colorectal cancer was increased if smoking was continued into higher adult age.
impact : the strong protective effect of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy may be compromised by continued smoking.
smoking cessation may increase the efficacy of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.
background : mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) has been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis and aging.
in the present study , we aimed to evaluate the frequency of mtdna @number@ bp deletion in crc tissues and its association with clinical factors.
we evaluated the expression of the androgen receptor ( ar ) to determine its significance in breast cancer.
ar expression levels were analyzed in @number@ invasive breast cancers by immunohistochemistry and any association with the clinicopathological features was evaluated.
ar expression was higher in estrogen receptor ( er ) -positive cases than in er-negative cases ( p < @number@ ) .
ar expression was associated with er level , and it increased with age in er-positive cases.
ar expression is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and a good prognosis in patients with er-positive breast cancer.
this is considered to be a specific phenomenon for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
cyclophilins are also chaperones.
however , the physiological roles and substrates of most cyclophilins remain unknown.
it is also unclear if ppiase and chaperone activities reflect distinct cyclophilin properties.
the transgenic lines exhibit unique effects in proteostasis.
stress-induced stat3 activation is also unaffected in tg-ranbp2 ( r2944a-ha ) : : ranbp2 ( - / - ) .
increasing age correlated with sss , and the @number@ patients with isolated l5-root compression were significantly younger than patients with multi-root involvement.
conclusions : this study underscores the role of clinical and electrodiagnostic data when interpreting lumbosacral neuroimaging , particularly in older patients.
an electronic journal search was undertaken to identify all the relevant studies published in english.
the search included medline and embase databases and years from @number@ to @number@
the reference lists of all the relevant studies and existing reviews were screened for additional relevant publications.
basing on relevant manuscripts , this short review about the anatomy , embryology and anthropology of the mandible and the mandibular foramen was written.
speech perception difficulties are common among elderlies ; yet the underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood.
here , we investigated the relationship between structural and functional brain senescence and speech perception skills in aging.
following audiometric evaluations , participants underwent mri while performing a speech perception task at different intelligibility levels.
importantly , our results also show that speech skills in aging are affected by changes in cortical thickness and in brain functioning.
age-dependent intelligibility effects were also found , mainly in sensorimotor cortical areas , and in the left dorsal anterior insula.
these results provide important new insights into the neurobiology of speech perception in aging.
type @number@ diabetes predicts accelerated cognitive decline and brain atrophy.
we hypothesized that impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) and incident glucose disorders have detrimental effects on global cognition and brain volume.
we further hypothesized that metabolic and inflammatory derangements accompanying hyperglycaemia contribute to change in brain structure and function.
primary outcomes were global cognition and total brain volume.
measures included inflammatory cytokines and oxidative metabolites.
participants with incident glucose disorders had greater decline in global cognition and visuospatial function compared to normal , similar to that observed in baseline diabetes.
homocysteine was independently associated with the observed effect of diabetes on executive function.
apolipoprotein e genotype did not influence the observed effects of diabetes on cognition.
stable ifg did not show greater decline in global cognition or brain volumes compared to normal.
preventing deterioration in glucose metabolism in the elderly may help preserve brain structure and function.
recent studies report that the majority of older adults wish to live in their own homes , for as long as possible.
this creates a growing interest in technologies to enable older people to remain living independently at home.
the purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review of current technology appropriate for older adults ' home use.
very few articles dealt specifically with the frail older person.
in particular , there was extremely limited evidence on use and efficacy of these devices within this population.
there is a need to obtain a consensus on definition of the technologies , and also to revisit work strategies and develop innovative business models.
study-design : cross-sectional study.
setting : the preventive medical center ( cmp ) in nancy.
measurements : all subjects underwent clinical , biological examinations.
sociodemographic data , practice of regular physical activity and drug intake data were collected.
a self-administered questionnaire of health status , psychological status and questions regarding falls were collected.
results : the prevalence of polypharmacy in this study was @percent@.
the number of drugs in polymedicated people was @number@ ± @number@ versus @number@ ± @number@ in non polymedicated people ; p≤0.01.
design : prospective cohort study ( mean follow-up : @number@.1±10.0 days ) .
setting : angers university hospital , france.
participants : four hundred twenty-two inpatients ( mean age @number@.9±5.6years , @percent@ women ) .
the reasons for admission to ed as well the diagnosis at the time of hospital discharge were separated into social and health disorders.
the length of hospital stay was calculated in number of days using the hospital registry.
inpatients were separated into @number@ groups based on the occurrence or not of death during the hospital stay.
conclusion : being admitted to ed for social disorders and living in institution predicted a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
objectives : evaluate the impact of the geriatric oncology consultation on the final therapeutic management of cancer in elderly patients aged @number@ and older.
design : retrospective study.
setting : the pilot coordination unit in geriatric oncology of côte d'or , burgundy , france.
participants : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients with cancer aged @number@ and older.
results : one hundred and ninety-one patients were included.
mean age was @number@
the most frequent cancer locations were breast ( @percent@ ) , colon-rectum ( @percent@ ) and lung ( @percent@ ) .
conclusion : concordance between the therapies proposed during the tumor board or after the geriatric oncology consultation and the treatment actually given was satisfactory.
however , the role of the oncologist remains determinant in the final choice , especially for chemotherapy.
background : the \ "obesity paradox \ " is poorly understood in vulnerable older hospitalized populations.
design : prospective multicenter study with a two-year follow-up of old patients participating in the safes cohort study.
settings : nine university hospitals in france.
participants : patients aged @number@ or older hospitalized in medical divisions through the emergency department.
measurement : inpatients ' characteristics were obtained through a comprehensive geriatric assessment of inpatients , conducted in the first week of hospitalization.
all-cause mortalities at 6-week , one- and two-year were determined using bivariable and multivariable cox proportional hazard model.
results : the safes cohort included @number@ patients , aged 85±6 years , with a majority of women ( @percent@ ) .
objective : to determine if sarcopenia modulates the response to a physical activity intervention in functionally limited older adults.
design : secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
setting : three academic centers.
there was no difference between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups in intervention adherence or number of adverse events.
background : nutritional risk is relatively common in community-dwelling older people.
nutritional status , body weight , body mass index , serum albumin were performed at the beginning of the study and at a two-year follow-up.
the nutritional screening was performed using the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) test.
conclusions : nutritional intervention , even dietary counseling without nutritional supplements , may improve nutritional status.
design : retrospective study.
setting : geriatrics memory clinic.
participants : consecutive ambulatory patients who had 123i-fp-cit spect for a suspicion of dlb.
measurements : clinical diagnoses before spect were compared with imaging results.
results : @number@ patients were included.
pre imaging clinical hypotheses were probable dlb in @number@ possible dlb in @number@ and alternate diagnoses in @number@
rates of abnormal imaging in these groups were respectively @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@.
overall , diagnoses were revised in @percent@ of the cases.
four patients with probable dlb had normal imaging.
among @number@ patients on levodopa , @number@ had normal scans and levodopa was stopped.
conclusion : we show a significant impact of 123i-fp-cit spect on diagnoses , even in cases of definite parkinsonism or probable dlb.
in the latter , scarcity of hallucinations , especially if there are not well formed and detailed , should prompt 123i-fp-cit spect.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : two homecare organizations in the netherlands.
participants : homecare clients aged @number@ and older on polypharmacy ( n = 95 ) .
other measures included self-management ability ( assessed with the smas30 ) and cognitive skills ( assessed with the clock drawing test ) .
results : overall , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the participants were able to manage their medication by themselves at home.
self-management ability and medication management support were significantly associated with medication management capacity.
cognition and self management ability were related to medication management capacity.
self-management ability and medication management support were predictors of medication management capacity.
design : cross-sectional validation study.
setting : bay of plenty , new zealand.
participants : forty-five community-living residents aged 85-86 years.
equal proportions of participants were recruited at low , medium and high nutrition risk based on their screen ii score @number@ months prior.
measurements : nutrition risk was assessed using screen ii.
demographic and health data were established.
the assessment included a medical history , anthropometric measures and dietary intake.
dietary intake was established from three @number@ hour multiple pass recalls ( mpr ) .
a spearman's correlation determined the association between the screen ii score and the dietitian's risk score.
receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves were completed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off point for high nutrition risk.
results : the screen ii score was significantly correlated with the dietitian's risk rating ( rs = @number@ ( p < 0.01 ) .
background : oral health status and oral health problems can affect eating habits and thus consequently the nutritional status of frail older people.
design : a cross-sectional study with a three-year follow-up.
altogether @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) participated in the study ; dentition status data were available for @number@ of them.
we assessed nutritional status with the mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) , and retrieved information on mortality from central registers on @date@ .
dentition status was associated with age , gender , education and disability.
according to the mna , @percent@ were malnourished , @percent@ were at risk for malnutrition , and @percent@ were well nourished.
edentulousness without prosthesis was associated with malnutrition , oral symptoms and infrequent use of oral care services.
in group @number@ @percent@ were deceased during follow-up period.
the respective figures for groups @number@ and @number@ were @percent@ and @percent@ ( p = 0.004 ) .
however , in cox regression analysis adjusted for age , gender , comorbidity and mna score , dentition status no longer predicted mortality.
conclusion : edentulousness is still common among older service housing residents.
edentulousness without prosthesis was associated with poor nutritional status , oral symptoms and infrequent use of dental services.
these findings suggest the need for co-operation between nursing staff and oral care services.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : british regional heart study.
participants : @number@ men aged 60-79 years.
measurements : participants attended a physical examination in 1998-2000 , and completed a general questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire.
low muscle mass was assessed by two measures : midarm muscle circumference ( mamc ) and fat-free mass index ( ffmi ) .
associations between risk factors and low muscle mass were analysed using logistic regression.
other dietary variables , smoking , alcohol intake , d-dimer , interleukin @number@ and homocysteine showed no important associations with mamc and ffmi.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : institute of gastroenterology , kaplan medical center , rehovot , israel.
participants : two hundred ninety nine consecutive outpatients undergoing screening colonoscopy.
measurements : mets was determined according to the adult treatment panel iii of the national cholesterol education program ( atp iii ) criteria.
blood test results and other clinical data were retrieved from the electronic medical records.
results : in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) polyps were detected.
thirty two ( @percent@ ) of the polyps were advanced.
eighty one percent of patients with an advanced polyp met the criteria for mets.
about the same mets prevalence ( @percent@ ) was found in men , but not in women.
an advanced polyp was detected in @percent@ of patients with mets , compared to @percent@ of patients without mets.
odds ratio for having an advanced polyp in a patient with mets compared to a patient without mets was @number@
conclusion : mets was found to be a risk factor for advanced polyps.
this association is suggestive of the need that patients with mets should be urged to have a screening colonoscopy.
objective : aging is associated with decreases in muscle mass , strength , power ( sarcopenia ) and bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
muscle strength was determined with dynamometer.
serum albumin and pcr were also assessed.
results : the sarcopenia assumed a role of moderator in the adiposity-osteoporosis relationship.
specifically , increasing the sarcopenia , the relationship adiposity-osteoporosis ( β : @number@ ) decrease in intensity.
adiposity also influences sarcopenia ( β : @number@ ) .
malnutrition affects the inflammatory and the adiposity states ( β : @number@ and β : @number@ respectively ) , while not influencing the sarcopenia.
thus , adiposity has a role as a mediator of the effect of malnutrition on both sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
malnutrition decreases adiposity ; decreasing adiposity , in turn , increase the sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
design : as part of a larger intervention study , data were collected from mid-life and older african americans yearly for three years.
the study incorporated a quasi-experimental design with random selection of participants , stratifying for age and gender.
setting : six churches in north florida.
participants : two hundred and thirty one ( @percent@ women ; median age range of 57-63 ) older african americans.
results : age was positively associated with initial social support but negatively associated with the rate of change in social support.
conclusion : these findings illustrate the mediating role of eating-related behaviors and the inter-locking nature of social support , behavior and consumption trajectories.
this research has implications for future research as well as community interventions and programs.
design , setting and participants : the blue mountains eye study is a cohort study of community living participants aged @number@ + years.
results : overall prevalence of food insecurity was @percent@.
further analysis showed a tendency of activating wasp mutants to localize in the nucleus compared with wt or the y291f mutant of wasp.
chip assays revealed that wasp associated with dna , although the affinity was relatively weaker than rnap ii.
among the genes affected , granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor , runx1 , and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor c were included.
this review attempts to collate the salient findings from these studies.
recent findings : most data come from eight studies , with the majority being scandinavian.
these studies suggest that cognitive functions have moderate to high heritability in late life , with genetic influences varying for different cognitive domains.
brain structures continue to have high heritability into late life , although the genetic component of the variance does decrease with age.
the co-twin control studies support the role of mid-life lifestyle factors for cognitive ageing and late-life dementia.
summary : the potential of twin studies to understand ageing and dementia is only beginning to be realized.
more longitudinal studies are needed , and novel strategies of genomics and epigenetics can further exploit this powerful method to inform the field.
without respect to age , head injury increased the odds of mortality ( or = @number@ ) .
men with a head injury had higher mean amyloid plaque counts in the neocortex and entorhinal cortex than men without.
introduction : u.s. smoking prevalence has been declining over the last several decades.
since smoking rates vary across age and race / ethnicity groups , demographics alone could contribute to changes in smoking prevalence among the general population.
we examined the effect of changing age and race / ethnicity distributions on total smoking prevalence from @number@ to @number@
the total number of smokers was summed to determine resulting smoking prevalence.
conclusions : our changing demographics have had an impact on smoking prevalence over the last @number@ decades.
future declines in smoking may be driven even more by the aging of the population and increasing racial and ethnic diversity.
background : lower vitamin d status during gestation may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk later in life.
no studies have assessed this hypothesis with a follow-up time reaching beyond childhood.
season of birth was not associated with any of the adult outcomes.
we aimed to establish serum 17ohp ri in normal children and adolescents using a current 17ohp radioimmunoassay ( ria ) .
the equation obtained was used to correct our own previous ri ( dsl ria ) for infancy for the diasource ria.
samples from infants aged < 1 year were used to verify the calculated ri with evaluator protocol c28-a3.
the influence of age , gender , and tanner's classification ( t ) was assessed in children aged > 1 year by anova.
most infants ( @percent@ ) had age- and gender-adjusted ne-17ohp and e-17ohp levels within the recalculated ri.
serum 17ohp significantly increased throughout prepuberty ( p < @number@ ) .
sexual dimorphism was only observed at t iv-v.
further studies are necessary to evaluate whether targeting microrna-92a as microrna mimics could be one of the therapeutic strategies in improving vaccine response in elderly.
we argue that the limit to lifespan may be approaching.
since @number@ no one has exceeded jeanne calment's record of @number@ years , despite an exponential increase of centenarians.
moreover , the background mortality may be approaching a lower limit.
besides increased heat waves to which elderly are vulnerable , global warming is anticipated to increase ozone levels and facilitate the spread of pathogens.
we anticipate continuing socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy.
ten specimens were built using a @number@ mm thick increment of dentin composite overlapped by a @number@ mm thick increment of enamel composite.
ten sound human molars were sectioned and silicon carbide-polished to obtain enamel and dentin slabs @number@ mm in thickness.
fluorescence measurements were carried out by a fluorescence spectrophotometer before and after thermocycling ( @number@ cycles , 5°c and 55°c ) .
one-way analysis of variance ( anova ) with repeated measures and tukey's test were performed at a significance level of @percent@.
most of the tested composites showed significant differences in fluorescence both before and after aging ( p < @number@ ) .
with the exception of filtek supreme , there were significant reductions in fluorescence intensity for all the tested composites ( p < @number@ ) .
objective : this study examines temporal trends in hip fracture related utilization and outcomes among elderly fee-for-service medicare beneficiaries.
method : the study uses claims data for a @percent@ sample of medicare beneficiaries with an incident hip fracture hospitalization between @number@ and @number@
results : we observe a statistically significant temporal decline in inpatient acute days and a statistically significant increase in inpatient post-acute days following hip fractures.
in models that control for patient characteristics , we observe statistically significant declines in 1-year hip fracture readmission and mortality rates.
rates of nursing home residence 1-year following fracture were unchanged and remain high.
discussion : hip fractures remain highly debilitating events and pose significant challenges for the financing of public health insurance programs.
objective : to examine the longitudinal association between changes in health behaviors and depression and determine the mediating effect of health characteristics on this association.
results : changes in physical activity and body weight are associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounders.
discussion : changes in health behaviors are related to mental health in late life , but their effect is mediated by physical and functional health.
future interventions should nevertheless target older individuals who stop physical activity and those who remain inactive to lessen the risk of depression.
dietary consumption of food supplements has been found to modulate skin functions and can therefore be useful in the treatment of skin aging.
however , there is only a limited number of clinical studies supporting these claims.
moreover a positive long-lasting effect was observed @number@ weeks after the last bcp administration ( p < @number@ ) .
objective : consuming curcumin may benefit health by modulating lipid metabolism and suppressing atherogenesis.
our earlier observations suggest that curcumin's suppression of atherogenesis might be mediated through changes in ap2 and cd36 expression in macrophages.
fecal samples were analyzed for total lipid content.
lipids accumulation in thp-1 cells and expression of ap2 , cd36 and lipid accumulation in peritoneal macrophages were measured.
fatty streak lesions and expression of il-6 and mcp-1 in descending aortas were quantified.
aortic root was stained for fatty and fibrotic deposits and for the expression of ap2 and vcam-1.
total free fatty acids , insulin , glucose , triglycerides , and cholesterol as well as several inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma.
results : curcumin dose-dependently reduced uptake of oxldl in thp-1 cells.
curcumin also reduced body weight gain and body fat without affecting fat distribution.
during early intervention , curcumin decreased fecal fat , but at later stages , it increased fat excretion.
this u-shape like trend was also present when aortic root sections were examined histologically.
however , at a high dose , curcumin suppressed development of steatohepatosis , reduced fibrotic tissue , and preserved glycogen levels in liver.
the major objective was to investigate whether intensive lipid-lowering therapy using the treat-to-target approach yielded greater regression of aortic plaques.
objective : hydroxytyrosol ( ht ) , the major olive oil antioxidant polyphenol in cardioprotective mediterranean diets , is endowed with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity.
moreover , ht inhibited prostaglandin ( pg ) e2 production and cox-2 expression , without affecting cox-1.
overall , such results contribute to explaining the vascular protective effects by olive oil polyphenols in mediterranean diets.
segmental progeroid syndromes are a group of disorders with multiple features resembling accelerated aging.
adult-onset werner syndrome ( ws ) and childhood-onset hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome are the best known examples.
cases without wrn mutations are operationally categorized as ' atypical ws ' ( aws ) .
in @number@ we identified lmna mutations among a subset of aws cases using a candidate gene approach.
efforts are underway to identify the responsible genes for aws with unknown genetic causes.
remarkably , centenarian studies revealed wrn and lmna polymorphic variants among those who have escaped various geriatric disorders.
however , no studies have reported associations between personality traits and vegf levels.
thus , we hypothesized that there is a correlation between the results of the temperament and character inventory ( tci ) and vegf levels.
methods : we investigated @number@ healthy participants who completed the tci.
we collected a serum sample from each subject and measured each participant's vegf level by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) .
results : a total of @number@ subjects completed the examination.
the ha score was significantly correlated with sex , age and vegf level , and single and multiple regression analyses yielded the same results.
conclusion : vegf may be associated with certain personality factors.
this study is the first to demonstrate a direct association between vegf levels and a dimension of the tci in healthy subjects.
background : research on cognitive control suggests an age-related decline in proactive control abilities whereas reactive control seems to remain intact.
however , the reason of the differential age effect on cognitive control efficiency is still unclear.
this study investigated the potential influence of fluid intelligence and processing speed on the selective age-related decline in proactive control.
eighty young and @number@ healthy older adults were included in this study.
the participants were submitted to a working memory recognition paradigm , assessing proactive and reactive cognitive control by manipulating the interference level across items.
the primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival.
infusion-related reactions and neutropenia were more common with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil than with rituximab-chlorambucil , but the risk of infection was not increased.
conclusions : combining an anti-cd20 antibody with chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with cll and coexisting conditions.
in this patient population , obinutuzumab was superior to rituximab when each was combined with chlorambucil.
( funded by f. hoffmann-la roche ; clinicaltrials.gov number , nct01010061. ) .
intraindividual variability ( iiv ) in reaction time has been related to cognitive decline , but questions remain about the nature of this relationship.
cognitive performance on four factors was also available : verbal , spatial , memory , and speed.
analyses indicated that range in reaction time could be used as an indicator of iiv.
heritability estimates were @percent@ for mean reaction and @percent@ for range in reaction.
iiv shares significant genetic variance with fluid ability in late adulthood , over and above and genetic variance shared with mean reaction time.
background : japan has the highest aging population in the world and promotion of home health services is an urgent policy issue.
as home-visit nursing plays a major role in home health services , the japanese government began promotion of this activity in @number@
additionally , the factors related to profitability in home-visit nursing agencies in japan have not been examined multilaterally and in detail.
therefore , the purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of home-visit nursing agencies.
methods : we performed a nationwide survey of @number@ randomly selected home-visit nursing agencies in japan.
results : among the selected home-visit nursing agencies , responses suitable for analysis were obtained from @number@ ( effective response rate , @percent@ ) .
these findings indicate the importance of consideration of management issues in achieving stable financial performance in home-visit nursing agencies in japan.
the findings may also be useful in other countries with growing aging populations.
moreover , for older adults , more years of education was associated with a weaker across-hemisphere advantage.
thus , we propose that cognitive reserve may account for bilateral engagement efficiency.
recent studies have suggested that exposure to prolonged psychological stress may alter an individual's physiological responses , and contribute to morbidity and mortality.
previous research had suggested a link between higher levels of technology use and hearing aid success.
design : general technology use was evaluated using a purposefully developed 25-item questionnaire.
twelve items related to everyday technology use ( e.g. dvd player ) and @number@ related to advanced technology use ( e.g. bluetooth ) .
results : preliminary analyses revealed a main effect in the use of everyday and advanced technology across the four participant groups.
technology use did not vary by group membership once the covariates of age , gender , and living arrangements were accounted for.
moreover , moderate cardiac-specific knockdown of integrin-linked kinase ( ilk ) / integrin pathway-associated genes also prevented the decline in cardiac performance with age.
in contrast , strong cardiac knockdown of ilk or ilk-associated genes can severely compromise cardiac integrity , including cardiomyocyte adhesion and overall heart function.
purpose : to develop a french canadian version of the falls behavioral ( fab ) scale and examine its psychometric properties.
methods : the fab was adapted in french canadian ( fab-fc ) and validated according to standard guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires.
the internal consistency and construct validity of the fab-fc were studied among @number@ community-dwelling adults aged @number@ and over.
the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the fab-fc were respectively examined among subsamples including @number@ bilingual and @number@ unilingual participants.
the fab-fc also demonstrated high internal consistency ( α = @number@ ) .
moreover , analyses showed significant associations of the fab-fc scores with fear of falling and balance confidence scores , attesting to its construct validity.
conclusion : this study provides evidence that the fab-fc has sound psychometric properties.
implications for rehabilitation : fall-related behaviors should be addressed in the assessment of community-dwelling seniors ' fall risks.
like the original fab , the french canadian version of the tool ( fab-fc ) is valid and reliable for assessing fall-related behaviors.
the fab-fc is a relevant complementary assessment tool for identifying seniors at risk for falls.
the fab-fc could also be useful in guiding fall prevention interventions and measuring the impact of these interventions on seniors ' behaviors.
laura s. brown , phd , is a clinical and forensic psychologist in independent practice in seattle , washington.
laura has been featured in five psychotherapy training videos produced by the american psychological association.
laura was also president of the washington state psychological association.
she is the founder and director of the fremont community therapy project , a low-fee psychotherapy training clinic in seattle.
in the fall of @number@ she was the on-site psychologist for the reality show survivor : the australian outback.
in @number@ laura lost her voice and was diagnosed with spasmodic dysphonia.
in @number@ she found her voice again.
we are challenged to develop creative strategies to significantly reduce harm and fall rates among the elderly.
this article describes the process of establishing an hourly rounding initiative in a health care facility.
hourly rounding is supported by the literature as an effective strategy for falls prevention and patient safety.
through this opportunity , nurses and allied health members from all levels were able to collaborate on strategies for this patient safety initiative.
aging leads to accumulation of irreversible advanced glycation end-products ( ages ) , contributing to vascular stiffening and endothelial dysfunction.
when combined with the age-crosslink breaker alagebrium , exercise training reverses cardiovascular aging in experimental animals.
arterial stiffness was measured using pulse wave velocity.
cardiovascular risk was calculated using the lifetime risk score ( lrs ) .
endothelial response to the vasoactive substances did not change , nor did arterial stiffness in any of the four groups.
in conclusion , one year of exercise training significantly improved physical fitness and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease without affecting endothelial function or arterial stiffness.
the use of the age-crosslink breaker alagebrium had no independent effect on vascular function , nor did it potentiate the effect of exercise training.
in humans , however , the effects of cr or other life-extending agents have not yet been investigated systematically.
human maximal lifespan is already substantially greater compared to that of closely related primate species.
it is therefore possible that humans have acquired genetic mutations that mimic the cr effect.
these findings indicate that the evolution of human longevity was likely independent of cr-induced lifespan extension mechanisms.
consequently , application of cr or cr-mimicking agents may yet offer a promising direction for the extension of healthy human lifespan.
many survivors of severe disasters need psychological support , even those not suffering post-traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) .
postmenopausal women ( aged 48-60 years ) were randomly assigned to wbv training , circuit resistance training , or aerobic training.
participants trained three times per week for @number@ weeks.
the training regimens were progressive in nature , with increases in training intensity and duration occurring throughout the 8-week period.
body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry analyses.
a modified bruce treadmill protocol was used to assess aerobic capacity ( vo2peak ) and time to peak exhaustion.
upper and lower body strengths were determined by one repetition maximum ( 1-rm ) chest and leg presses , respectively.
physical exercise induces several metabolic adaptations to meet increased energy requirements.
promoter dna methylation , histone post-translational modifications , or microrna expression are involved in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise.
methods : a health state transition model was developed-based on hoehn and yahr ( hy ) stages in pd-to compare the two treatment strategies.
results : in our approach , the base-case analysis showed a favourable pharmacoeconomic profile of ropinirole pr versus ropinirole ir.
sensitivity analyses showed that this result was rather robust for varying parameters deterministically , although cost savings were lost in some instances.
in particular , the treatment benefits of lower dyskinesia rates and improved adherence influenced the cost-effectiveness outcome.
nonetheless , the cost effectiveness remained acceptable within the limits that were investigated.
probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the probability of accepting pr over ir exceeded @number@ % for all relevant ' willingness-to-pay ' thresholds.
however , claims included in our model regarding dyskinesia and improved medication adherence should be further supported by data from daily practice.
elderly patients are a rapidly growing subset of the kidney transplant waiting list.
several studies demonstrate superiority of some immunosuppressive regimens over others in the qol domain.
tacrolimus has been shown to be associated with better qol than cyclosporine ( ciclosporin ) , as has corticosteroid-free immunosuppressive regimens.
similarly , patients on drug regimens , which tend to lessen the side effects , report better qol.
however , these studies are observational or cross-sectional and not focused exclusively on the elderly patient.
more studies are needed to determine optimal immunosuppression regimens for elderly individuals.
additionally , further studies on determinants of qol in elderly kidney transplant recipients are also needed.
several factors are associated with severe acute pain after surgery , including psychological factors and severe preoperative pain.
good acute pain control can be provided with multimodal analgesia , including regional anesthesia techniques.
this is particularly as patients are often discharged home within 4-5 days after surgery.
chronic pain after tka in the elderly can be managed with both pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques.
topical agents may provide benefit and are associated with fewer systemic side effects than oral administration.
complementary or psychological therapies may be beneficial for those patients who have failed other options or have depression associated with chronic pain.
we determined associations in potential confounder and mediator-adjusted mixed regression models.
no independent associations between leptin concentrations and cardiovascular risk were present in all patients and either women and men or black and white patients.
however , age impacted on several leptin-cardiovascular risk relations ( interaction p < @number@ ) .
patients with ra aged < 50 years experience an independent adiposity-driven leptin-endothelial activation relationship in the absence of leptin-metabolic risk factor associations.
young but not older patients with ra may sustain obesity-induced endothelial activation that is directly mediated by leptin.
inflammation is a prominent pathological feature of small vessel disease.
we examined the association between inflammation , pvs , and wmh in the lothian birth cohort @number@ ( n = 634 ) .
methods : we measured plasma fibrinogen , c-reactive protein , and interleukin-6 and rated pvs in @number@ brain regions.
we measured wmh volumetrically and visually using the fazekas scale.
conclusions : circulating inflammatory markers are weakly associated with mr-visible pvs , but not directly with wmh.
longitudinal studies should examine whether visible pvs predate wmh progression and whether inflammation modulators can prevent small vessel disease.
background : a centenarian is a person who attains and lives beyond the age of @number@
four percent of centenarians die from cancer.
it is therefore important to understand which cancers affect them in order to devise better methods to prevent and treat them.
the aim of this study was to investigate the top cancers that affect centenarians.
material and methods : we identified @number@ cases with the surveillance epidemiology and end result ( seer ) database.
our study included centenarians age 100-115 years diagnosed with the @number@ most common cancers between @number@ and @number@ in the united states.
observed survival ( os ) was calculated for each cancer type.
a log rank test was performed on km survival output and a cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios.
all statistical analyses were performed with @percent@ confidence intervals with significance determined at p < 0.05.
cox proportional hazard analysis was done using graphpad prism version @number@
results : there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) females and @number@ ( @percent@ ) males.
there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) whites , @number@ ( @time@ % ) blacks , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) other.
healthy aging is accompanied by a decrease in cognitive and motor capacities.
all regions showed strong reduction of gray matter volume with age.
fc decrease in addition to gray matter atrophy within the str may provide a substrate for the declining motor control in elderly.
speed of processing training has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in normal older adults.
the primary objective was to examine what predicts the speed of processing training gains observed in the previous study.
participants were administered an extensive battery of demographic , psychosocial , and neuropsychological measures at baseline.
participants received approximately @number@ hours of computerized speed of processing training.
in general , those who performed worse on the ufov and tiadl at baseline demonstrated significantly more training gains.
tiadl performance improved in those with higher hiv viral load , poorer medication adherence , and poor executive functioning.
background : vascular ehlers-danlos syndrome ( veds ) causes reduced life expectancy because of arterial dissections / rupture and hollow organ rupture.
analyses were done in terms of clinical disease severity , genotype-phenotype correlations , and body composition and fat deposition alterations.
veds dermal fibroblasts secreted more tgf-β2 , whereas downstream canonical / noncanonical tgf-β signaling was not different.
conclusions : these findings suggest that veds is a systemic disease with a major inflammatory component.
c-reactive protein is linked to disease state and may be a disease activity marker.
no changes in downstream tgf-β signaling and increased platelet turnover suggest that chronic vascular damage may partially explain increased plasma tgf-β1.
genome-wide analyses of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that they jointly tag between a quarter and a half of the variance in intelligence.
however , no single polymorphism has been reliably associated with variation in intelligence.
it remains possible that these many small effects might be aggregated in networks of functionally linked genes.
here , we tested a network of @number@ genes in the postsynaptic density and associated complexes for an enriched association with intelligence.
replication was sought in two additional cohorts ( n = 670 and @number@ ) .
a meta-analytic p-value of @number@ was found when these were combined with the cages consortium.
transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis within each stratum and later with a comparison between the strata.
a main finding was that ssd differs qualitatively from syndromal depression but not clearly from nondepression.
overlooking certain psychosocial aspects of living in the very old may pose a risk of both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis in the spectrum of depressive disorders.
cognitive function was assessed with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) in both the second and seventh ( 2010-2012 ) waves.
fasting venous blood samples were collected in the morning , and serum dha and epa levels were measured.
serum epa was not associated with cognitive decline.
conclusions : the study gives some indication that a moderately high level of serum dha might prevent cognitive decline among community-dwelling elderly japanese individuals.
previous research has found commonality in the pains of imprisonment reported by english and american long-term inmates.
strong agreement existed between the present sample and previous samples as to the most and least difficult aspects of imprisonment.
consistent with the previous studies , outside problems were perceived as being more severe than inside problems.
overall , this study found agreement in the pains of long-term imprisonment , regardless of the exact length or type of sentence.
objectives : to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual and gender differences in aging of functional ability.
participants completed up to @number@ assessments covering a 19-year period.
factor analysis was used to create @number@ factors : flexibility , fine motor skills , and balance.
results : latent growth curve analysis demonstrated increasing disability and variability after age @number@
for flexibility , results indicated significant sex differences in mean change trajectories but no sex differences in components of variance.
no sex differences were found for fine motor movement.
discussion : although idiosyncratic environmental influences account for a large part of increasing variance , correlated and shared rearing environmental effects were also evident.
human epithelial cells undergo morphological and molecular changes leading to terminal differentiation and replicative senescence after a finite number of cell divisions during serial subculture.
however , the target genes and their functional significance in the senescence and differentiation in normal human oral keratinocytes have been poorly defined.
here , we demonstrated normal human oral keratinocytes transcriptional signature profiling to senescence and differentiation.
using microarray analysis , our findings indicated that the gene expression profiles induced by serial subculture are distinct classes of gene.
in vitro and in vivo studies also exhibited a close relationship between senescence and differentiation of primary oral keratinocytes and expression of inflammatory molecules.
these results suggest a new approach to determine the biological events underlying the pathogenesis of oral keratinocyte aging.
all injections were carried out using a 25-gauge cannula after adding @number@ ml of @percent@ lidocaine to @number@ ml vials of the original product.
postoperative visits were scheduled at @number@ week and @number@ month.
any previous treatment was recorded , and necessity of retreatments and side effects was evaluated.
standard pre- and postinjection photographs were taken and compared to analyze the success of the procedure.
twenty-three patients ( @percent@ ) required an additional correction @number@ month after the primary treatment.
satisfaction was as high as @percent@ among patients treated primarily for hollowness , and the overall satisfaction rate was @percent@.
associated dark circles were satisfactorily treated in @percent@ of the patients.
in @number@ patients , erythema lasted longer than @number@ weeks.
the @number@ worse complications in this series were migration of the product above the medial canthal tendon in @number@ patient and overcorrection in another patient.
these complications were all managed conservatively and resolved spontaneously within @number@ to @number@ weeks.
no case of irregular contour , palpable lumpiness , or unevenness were encountered.
in the end , only @number@ patient thought she was worsened after the treatment.
conclusions : treatment of the periocular region with caha injections is a safe and effective treatment with high patient satisfaction and low complication rate.
advanced technical skills may have to be acquired for the specific treatment of this area using this particulate material.
the global prevalence of dementia is as high as @number@ million , and has been predicted to quadruple by the year @number@
key neuropathological hallmarks of the ad brain are diffuse and neuritic extracellular amyloid plaques - often surrounded by dystrophic neurites - and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.
these pathological changes are frequently accompanied by reactive microgliosis and loss of neurons , white matter and synapses.
the etiological mechanisms underlying these neuropathological changes remain unclear , but are probably caused by both environmental and genetic factors.
there was a washout period of @number@ weeks in between the treatment periods.
subjective symptoms including nasal dryness , burning , obstruction , itching and crusting were evaluated by a visual analog scale.
mucociliary function was evaluated with saccharin test.
there was no significant difference between the effect of nso and iscs on nasal burning and itching ( p > 0.05 for all ) .
there was no change in mucociliary clearance during any of the treatment periods.
conclusion : nso is a better alternative to iscs to treat nasal mucosa symptoms due to aging.
the present meta-analysis synthesized the treatment effect sizes ( es ) of bt relative to comparison conditions , and examined moderators of treatment.
a comprehensive literature search identified eight rcts that met inclusion criteria , and produced a total sample of @number@ participants.
a random effects meta-analysis found a medium to large es for bt relative to comparison conditions.
sensitivity analyses failed to identify publication bias.
overall , bt trials yield medium to large effects for ts that are comparable to treatment effects identified by meta-analyses of antipsychotic medication rcts.
larger treatment effects may be observed among bt trials with older participants , more therapeutic contact , and less co-occurring adhd.
the global economic burden of hf is not known.
methods : we estimated the overall cost of heart failure in @number@ in both direct and indirect terms , across the globe.
existing country-specific heart failure costs analyses were expressed as a proportion of gross domestic product and total healthcare spend.
countries were categorized according to their level of economic development to investigate global patterns of spending.
results : @number@ countries were included in the analysis , covering @percent@ of the world's population.
the overall economic cost of hf in @number@ was estimated at $ 108 billion per annum.
direct costs accounted for ~60% ( $ 65 billion ) and indirect costs accounted for ~40% ( $ 43 billion ) of the overall spend.
heart failure spending varied widely between high-income and middle and low-income countries.
high-income countries spend a greater proportion on direct costs : a pattern reversed for middle and low-income countries.
conclusions : heart failure imposes a huge economic burden , estimated at $ 108 billion per annum.
with an aging , rapidly expanding and industrializing global population this value will continue to rise.
logistic regression models examined odds of weight gain and functional decline by volume and intensity of physical activity.
the proportion of mvpa that was vigorous was not associated with weight change.
with the physical functioning outcome , there were independent protective effects from volume and intensity of physical activity.
conclusion : these prospective findings indicate that vpa per se plays an important role in the prevention of functional decline.
this study examined how nursing home facility ownership and organizational characteristics relate to emergency department ( ed ) transfer rates.
the sample included a retrospective cohort of nursing home residents in the vancouver coastal health region ( n = @number@ ) .
rates of ed transfers were compared between nursing home ownership types.
administrative data were further linked to survey-derived data of facility organizational characteristics for exploratory analysis.
controlling for sex and age , public ownership was associated with lower ed transfer rates compared to for-profit and non-profit ownership.
a number of other facility organizational characteristics unrelated to ownership were also associated with transfer rates.
our results suggest that there are three decisive stages in volunteering : recruitment , realization of volunteer activity , and pursuit of this commitment.
for each of them , some factors are more influential than others.
their presence or absence makes possible or not the initiation of this commitment and its pursuit.
in this context , a constant negotiation takes place between the actors.
each of them has to adapt himself to others.
nevertheless , this adaptation is limited.
so , stability between the position of the organization and that of the volunteer is necessary.
a variety of ongoing research has tried to employ small rnas-small interference rna and microrna as new cosmeceutical ingredients.
furthermore , several skin care companies have released new small rna products in cosmetic market.
it is certain that advancement in this direction will evolve a new landscape for innovative antiaging cosmeceuticals.
background : human adipose tissue is an ideal autologous source of mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) for various regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies.
aged patients are one of the primary target populations for many promising applications.
results : aged mscs displayed senescent features when compared with cells isolated from young donors , concomitant with reduced viability and proliferation.
these features were also associated with significantly reduced differentiation potential in aged mscs compared to young mscs.
conclusions : in conclusion , advancing age negatively impacts stem cell function and such age related alterations may be detrimental for successful stem cell therapies.
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a syndrome that involves at least three disorders dyslipidemia , insulin resistance , obesity and / or hypertension.
mets has been associated with several chronic diseases in the adulthood ; however , in the recent years , the syndrome was redefined in children.
recent patents on the field have addressed new issues on how endocrine control should be managed along with asthma therapeutics.
in the near future , new approaches should decrease the high morbidity and mortality associated to these types of patients.
this study assessed the improvement in relationship quality , effectiveness and safety associated with vardenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) .
relationship quality , happiness , satisfaction with vardenafil treatment , and safety and tolerability were assessed by physician interviews and patient and partner questionnaires.
overall , @number@ patients were enrolled in the study , of which @number@ were included in the safety analyses and @number@ in the effectiveness analyses.
vardenafil was well tolerated and adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of phosphodiesterase type @number@ inhibitors.
these results confirm the well-established effectiveness and safety profiles of vardenafil.
this study is the first to demonstrate improvements in relationship quality following vardenafil therapy , in both patients and partners , using the pfb questionnaire.
this study compared demographic characteristics and prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities between men with mild erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and men with more severe ed.
men with 6-month history of ed and in monogamous heterosexual relationships were included.
non-responders to type @number@ phosphodiesterase inhibitors or patients receiving regular treatment with nitrate , anticoagulants , androgens , and anti-androgens were excluded.
in conclusion , patients with mild ed should be closely evaluated for cardiovascular comorbidities.
poor clinical outcome and complicated neurological complications illustrate the severity of bone and joint infections with aspergillus species.
host predisposing conditions are immunosuppression , intravenous drug use , a variety of chronic underlying diseases and prior surgical interventions.
nosocomial infections may originate from contaminated air ventilation systems or water pipes.
most common causative pathogen is aspergillus fumigatus , followed by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus nidulans.
a. niger , a. tubingensis and a. terreus are rare but stress the need of targeted and adapted antimycotic therapy.
diagnosis has to be pursued by means of mri imaging techniques and tissue specimens.
multimodal treatment strategy is based on a combination of surgical debridement of necrotic bone and cartilage and systemically active antifungal treatment.
voriconazole combines satisfactory systemic antifungal effect , high oral bioavailability and good bone penetration.
development of fungicidal cement spacers still continues and in vitro data show promising results of bioactive cements.
purpose of this review of literature published between @number@ and @number@ was to provide up-to-date information on pathogenesis , diagnostic approach and treatment recommendations.
properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk are required as the high mortality rate continues to pose a future challenge.
conclusion : gr antagonism can potentiate age-related sleep pattern alterations and further support the role of impaired gr signaling in age-related changes in sleep architecture.
results : afast-i shows a high level of internal homogeneity with a cronbach's α coefficient of @number@
inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities were also excellent with icc correlations of @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the number of elderly diabetic patients who require chronic hemodialysis is progressively increasing in japan.
thus , halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy in elderly diabetic patients is a clinically important issue.
however , there is little information or evidence of this complication.
the world's population is aging , and simultaneously , the prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is rapidly increasing.
therefore , the clinical management of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy in elderly patients with diabetes is increasingly becoming more important.
therefore , collaboration between ophthalmologists and physicians is mandatory.
the international clinical diabetic retinopathy and macular edema disease severity scales are very useful for information sharing between ophthalmologists and diabetologists.
elderly patients tend to present with multiple complications that should be considered by the management team.
diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for arteriosclerosis development in the elderly.
precise diagnosis and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases.
therefore , tailor-made rather than uniform therapy becomes important.
lifestyle modification is the basis of diabetes treatment.
herein , we describe \ "prevention and management \ " of diabetes mellitus , focusing on the lifestyles of elderly diabetics.
in japan , number of elderly people with type @number@ diabetes mellitus are increasing.
the purpose of care and management for diabetes mellitus is a prevention of chronic complications and maintaining longevity and quality of life.
this purpose does not change even in elderly people with diabetes.
diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for stroke.
in this review , we described clinical characteristics of stroke in elderly people with diabetes.
there is a possibility that several features in the elderly patients are different from those in the non-elderly subject with diabetes.
stroke strongly affects prognosis of patients including quality of life.
it is necessary to understand the characteristics of elderly people with diabetes and the way for the management of diabetes.
glucose-mediated energy production in central nervous system ( cns ) reduces in the elderly.
the reduction is also observed in young patients with diabetes mellitus ( dm ) .
deviated endocrinological function is observed in both the elderly and young patients with dm.
the deviation is characterized by mechanism of adaptation to the insufficient energy production in cns.
these decreases are suitable for adaptation to the insufficient cns activity induced by energy deficiency.
glucagon- and catecholamine-induced increases in plasma glucose level contribute to increase energy production.
parathyroid hormone action is activated in the elderly , which contributes to the inhibition of excess signal transduction in energy-deficient cns.
these deviations are considered as adaptations to the energy deficiency observed in aged patients with dm.
aging is a critical risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
in japan , @number@ million people are reported to have diabetes , and @percent@ of those are over the age of @number@
the pathogenesis of type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) in aging is characterized by two major features : impaired insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance.
we here overviewed the current evidence for the clinical feature and the mechanistic insight of glucose intolerance in the elderly.
prevalence of glucose intolerance progressively increases in age , and postprandial hyperglycemia is a common feature of glucose intolerance in the elderly.
glucose intolerance in the elderly is associated both with impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
the change in the physical composition including sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is likely attributable to the development of insulin resistance observed in the elderly.
both decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance are two major factors of impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) in the elderly.
exercise seems to improve insulin resistance through mitochondrial function by activating amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) and ppargamma coactivator-1alpha ( pgc-1alpha ) .
over the last years medicine has progressed very rapidly.
communicable diseases , which were the leading causes of mortalities , are not anymore , especially in developed countries.
currently , non-communicable diseases are more prevalent , and most of them are related to changes in our daily habits and degenerative processes.
most of these diseases are chronic , need continuous care and treatment with limited improvement and high costs.
little care was given to non-pharmacological lines of treatment.
biodynes , tocotrienol-rich fraction ( trf ) , and tocopherol have shown antiaging properties.
however , the combined effects of these compounds on skin aging are yet to be investigated.
primary hdfs were treated with biodynes , trf , and tocopherol prior to hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) exposure.
the expression of col1a1 , col3a1 , mmp1 , mmp2 , mmp3 , and mmp9 genes was determined by qrt-pcr.
type i and type iii procollagen proteins were measured by western blotting while the activities of mmps were quantified by fluorometric sensolyte mmp kit.
our results showed that biodynes , trf , and tocopherol upregulated collagen genes and downregulated mmp genes ( p < @number@ ) .
here , we summarize new findings characterizing the impact of aneuploidy on protein quality control.
however , its biochemical and physiological function is still under debate.
here we show that ucp2 is a metabolite transporter that regulates substrate oxidation in mitochondria.
to shed light on its biochemical role , we first studied the effects of its silencing on the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine.
opposite results were obtained in the presence of glutamine instead of glucose.
we test our model with two public databases.
purpose : studies have previously examined the relation between a single measure of plasma fatty acids and risk of heart failure.
plasma omega-3 fatty acids were measured at baseline ( @number@ ) and approximately @number@ years later using gas chromatography.
conclusions : our data demonstrate modest correlation between measurements of plasma phospholipid fatty acids spaced by @number@ years.
a single measurement of plasma phospholipid fatty acids appears reasonable to estimate the risk of heart failure over long-term follow-up.
although the mouse does not readily exhibit clinical signs of opidn , it displays axonal lesions and expresses brain ache and nte.
excellent correlations were obtained for inhibition kinetics in vitro of mouse brain enzymes vs. hen brain and human recombinant enzymes.
recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play a key role in the regulation of the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas.
in this review we focus on demonstrating the tet proteins in dna demethylation and transcriptional regulation of different target genes.
in addition , we address the role of tet proteins in gliomas.
coronary collaterals are present at birth , with wide interindividual variation in their functional capacity.
the collateral circulation is not a permanent set of structures , but undergoes dynamic changes with important consequences for cardioprotection.
the clinical benefits of coronary revascularization must be cautiously weighed against the risk of reducing the protective support derived from coronary collaterals.
consequently , pharmacological , gene-based , and cell-based therapeutic attempts have been made to enhance collateral function.
introduction : old people attend emergency departments ( ed´s ) in increasing numbers.
hence , they have complex health and social service needs.
material and methods : a prospective descriptive study of people ( > 75 year´s ) attending ed´s in seven countries , including iceland.
the interrai assessment tool for ed´s was used by nurses to assess participants.
results : at landspitali ed , @number@ individuals were assessed , of whom @percent@ were women.
of the @number@ individuals , @percent@ attended the ed within @number@ days and of those @percent@ lived alone.
caregiver distress was identified in @percent@ and @percent@ felt overwhelming burden.
from the ed , @percent@ were admitted to the hospital.
compared with foreign results greater number of icelandic participants lived alone and caregiver's distress was slightly higher ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
fewer individuals in iceland were admitted to a hospital and iceland had higher admission rate to rehabilitation compared with the overall group.
conclusion : geriatric syndromes and functional impairment afflicted majority of old people who attended the landspitali ed.
these observations should be taken into account in ed design and care planning for old people to maximize efficiency , safety and quality.
inhibiting expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4g ( eif4g ) arrests normal development but extends lifespan when suppressed during adulthood.
in humans , aberrant expression of eif4g is associated with certain forms of cancer and neurodegeneration.
here we review what is known about the roles of eif4g in molecular , cellular , and organismal contexts.
however , limited epidemiological studies have attempted to describe the spatial variation of the geo-referenced data on hypertension disease over an urban area of china.
in this study , we applied hierarchical bayesian models to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the relative risk for hypertension admissions throughout shenzhen in @number@
the final model specification includes an intercept and spatial components ( structured and unstructured ) .
although the road density could be used as a covariate in modeling , it is an indirect factor on the relative risk.
in addition , spatial scan statistics and spatial analysis were utilized to identify the spatial pattern and to map the clusters.
the results showed that the relative risk for hospital admission for hypertension has high-value clusters in the south and southeastern shenzhen.
this study aimed to identify some specific regions with high relative risk , and this information is useful for the health administrators.
further research should address more-detailed data collection and an explanation of the spatial patterns.
malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide and profoundly affects immune responses.
malnutrition diminishes immune function and therefore prevents the host from mounting an adequate protective response to infectious agents.
in turn , infections alter nutrient status and can create a deficiency state.
thus , malnutrition and infection often act synergistically to increase morbidity and mortality.
these findings indicate a yet unexplained shift from pro-inflammatory th1 cell response to an anti-inflammatory th2 response with aging.
aging and simultaneous nutritional deficiency exert a cumulative influence on the immune response.
maintaining optimal nutritional status is therefore crucial for aging in good health.
free ( labile or chelatable ) iron is extremely redox-active and only represents a small fraction of the total mitochondrial iron population.
several studies have shown that the proportion of free iron increases with age , leading to increased fenton chemistry in later life.
the increase in oxidative damage that has been shown to occur with age might be explained by these two processes.
interestingly , these same animals are characterised by an outstanding ability to maintain correct proteostasis during their entire life.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2d ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) are major public health burdens associated with aging.
as the age of the population rapidly increases , a sheer increase in the incidence of these diseases is expected.
multipotent human bone marrow stromal cells ( hbmscs ) potentially serve as a source for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine.
however , in vitro expansion was inescapably accompanied with cell senescence , characterized by inhibited proliferation and compromised pluripotency.
we have previously demonstrated that this aging process is closely associated with reduced 20s proteasomal activity , with down-regulation of rate-limiting catalytic β-subunits particularly evident.
additionally , psmb5 could enhance cell resistance to oxidative stress , as evidenced by the increased cell survival upon exposing senescent hbmscs to hydrogen peroxide.
furthermore , psmb5 overexpression retained the pluripotency of late-stage hbmscs by facilitating their neural differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and vascular dementia are the major causes of cognitive disorders worldwide.
they are characterized by cognitive impairments along with neuropsychiatric symptoms , and that their pathogeneses show overlapping multifactorial mechanisms.
although ad has long been considered the most common cause of dementia , individuals afflicted with ad commonly exhibit cerebral vascular abnormalities.
moreover , accumulating data have been demonstrating astrocytes being the essential cell type in maintaining proper central nervous system functioning.
in relation to dementia , the roles of astrocytes in aβ deposition and clearance are unclear.
the functional response of ra and their receptors are modulated by a host of coactivators and corepressors.
retinoids are essential in the development and function of several organ systems ; however , deregulated retinoid signaling can contribute to serious diseases.
several natural and synthetic retinoids are in clinical use or undergoing trials for treating specific diseases including cancer.
an overall significant time-of-day effect was observed for all selected cop variables.
while the nintendo wii stillness test showed a high reproducibility , a systematic learning effect between successive sessions was observed for the agility test.
moderate-to-excellent concurrent validity was seen for the stillness test.
in contrast , the agility test revealed a poor concurrent validity.
a habituation ( familiarization ) period is necessary for the wii agility test to avoid a systematic learning effect between successive test sessions.
additionally , the study investigated the participant motivation for this type of training ( exergaming ) .
marked improvements in maximal leg muscle strength , rapid force capacity and functional performance were observed following the period of biofeedback-based nintendo wii training.
unexpectedly , static bilateral postural balance remained unaltered following the period of intervention.
notably , wii based biofeedback exercise was perceived by the older adults as a highly motivating type of training.
background : little is known about the prevalence , predictors and gender differences in hand grip strength of older adults in africa.
methods : we conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of @number@ men and women aged @number@ years or older in south africa.
the questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics , health variables , and anthropometric measurements.
linear multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the association of social factors , health variables and grip strength.
conclusions : greater height and lower functional disability were found for both older south african men and women to be significantly associated with grip strength.
background : the human cytosolic thioredoxin ( trx ) contains a redox-active dithiol moiety in its conserved active-site sequence.
activation by a wide variety of stimuli leads to secretion of this cytoplasmic protein.
function of trx1 has been implicated in regulating cell proliferation , differentiation , and apoptosis.
the aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of serum trx1 level in patients with breast carcinoma.
the serum level was well correlated with the progress of the breast carcinoma.
we also investigated the diagnostic capacity of cea and ca15-3 for the early detection of metastatic breast cancer comparing that of trx1.
aims : intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( bmscs ) had been documented to improve functional outcome after ischemic stroke.
however , the timing and appropriate cell number of transplantation to achieve better outcome after an episode of stroke remain further to be optimized.
methods : to determine the optimal conditions , we transplanted different concentrations of bmscs at different time points in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
infarction volume and neurological behavioral tests were performed after ischemia.
conclusions : our data suggest that timing and cell dose of transplantation determine the therapeutic effects after focal ischemia by modulating poststroke neuroinflammation.
background / purpose : skin aging can be classified into chronological aging and photoaging.
cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) may be involved in ultraviolet-induced inflammation , photocarcinogenesis and the aging process.
studies done focused on assessing cox-2 expression after acute ultraviolet exposure and in photocarcinogenesis.
comparative assessment of cox-2 expression in chronological aging and photoaging was not previously studied.
we aimed to compare cox-2 expression in chronological aging and photoaging.
methods : sixty participants were included ( @number@ with chronological aging , @number@ with photoaging , and @number@ non-skin-aged contributors as controls ) .
fitzpatrick skin type and glogau's photoaging type were assessed.
a high statistically significant positive correlation was found between grading of solar elastosis in the photoaging group and cox-2 expression parameters.
conclusion : cox-2 expression is significantly higher in chronologically aged and photoaged skin than the normal young skin.
this level of expression is significantly higher in photoaging than in chronological aging.
cox-2 expression is positively related with the degree of solar elastosis in photoaging.
the purpose of this study is to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the morphology of the biceps insertion on the radial tuberosity.
twenty-four preserved human elbows were carefully dissected and the insertions of the biceps conserved.
the radius and the shape of the biceps insertion on the radial tuberosity were computerized using a three-dimensional digitizer.
the length , width , and surface area of the footprints were measured.
the soft tissue status of the muscle insertions and shape of the footprints were qualitatively described.
avascular , degenerate tissue fibers , consistent with tissue fibrosis were observed in @percent@ of the specimens.
these changes may demonstrate natural changes of the distal biceps tendon and may improve our understanding of biceps tendinopathy and its prevalence.
randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) emphasize the average or overall effect of a treatment ( ate ) on the primary endpoint.
this is why the rcts , in addition to the ate , also present the results of subgroup analysis for preestablished subgroups.
forest plot is a popular graphical approach for displaying the results of subgroup analysis.
these plots were originally used in meta-analysis for displaying the treatment effects from independent studies.
treatment effect estimates of different marginal subgroups are , however , not independent.
failure to account for the correlation between the subgrouping variables can result in misleading ( confounded ) interpretations of subgroup effects.
we present simulations results and a subgroup analysis from parallel-group , placebo-controlled randomized trials of antibiotics for acute otitis media.
however , it is important to note that freshness of voos is not necessarily related to its sensory quality.
a predictive model has been used to estimate %ppp in voo stored at different worldwide locations characterized with different temperatures.
the recorded average temperatures , on a monthly basis , were inputs of the predictive model.
the results show the influence of temperature in %ppp and how this molecule could serve as a better monitor of the storage period of voos.
the initial value of %ppp in the oil could help to carry out the storage traceability.
this information would be of interest for producers , sellers , and inspection agencies.
objectives : neighborhood socioeconomic status ( ses ) can be associated with depression.
having lifetime prevalence of depression was defined as having a score ≥5 on the geriatric depression scale-15 or a history of depression.
demographic / clinical details were collected via questionnaire.
those with depression were referred to local polyclinics.
multilevel multivariate logistic regression determined predictors of depression and depression screening.
results : participation was @percent@ ( 559 / 909 ) .
conclusion : residing in a low-ses community was independently associated with depression after controlling for individual ses.
design : substudy of a trial assessing the effect of @number@ months of cpap on cardiovascular risk in type @number@ diabetes.
one potential class of health care innovation that may offer an alternative approach to addressing current shortfalls is stem cell therapies.
further , no association was found between ageism and sexism and sexual prejudice in the multivariate analyses.
these results indicate promising advances for terror management theory in explaining ageism.
social work faculty's low bias and perceived need for gerontological content in curricula is an encouraging finding for gerontological social work education.
overall , completion rates averaged @percent@ , with native hawaiian / pacific islanders completing workshops at a higher rate ( @percent@ ) than other groups.
completion rates for participants aged > or = @number@ were higher than for younger participants.
senior centers , health care organizations , and residential facilities served @percent@ of the participants.
conclusions : grantees have successfully delivered cdsmp to racially and ethnically diverse participants in a range of settings.
the advantages of quantitative over qualitative diagnostic approaches have been widely acknowledged and demonstrated.
guided with this atlas , we then developed a fully automated method for wmsa detection and quantification using t2-weighted images.
computer simulations and experiments using in vivo very preterm data showed very high detection accuracy.
independent validation of our automated wmsa detection algorithm and school age follow-up are important next steps.
for each imaging modality , brain regions associated with each cognitive domain were generated by adaptive regional clustering.
predicted cognitive scores using our regression algorithm based on the resulting brain regions correlated well with actual performance.
also , regression models obtained using combined gm , wm , and pet imaging modalities outperformed models based on single modalities.
imaging biomarkers related to memory performance included the orbito-frontal and medial temporal cortical regions with ltm showing stronger correlation with the temporal lobe than stm.
brain regions predicting executive performance included orbito-frontal , and occipito-temporal areas.
background : sarcopenia , the loss of muscle mass and function with age , is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
current understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited.
glucocorticoids ( gc ) in excess cause muscle weakness and atrophy.
we measured muscle strength , mid-thigh cross-sectional area , fasting morning plasma cortisol , quadriceps muscle gr and 11βhsd1 mrna , and urinary glucocorticoid metabolites.
data were analysed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age , gender and body size.
inhibition of 11βhsd1 may have therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
pertussis is still occurring in highly vaccinated populations , affecting individuals of all ages.
long-lived th1 cd4 ( + ) t cells are essential for protective immunity against pertussis.
in contrast , the breadth of the pertussis-directed cd4 ( + ) t cell response seemed dependent on age and closeness to infection.
multi-epitope specificity long-term after infection was lost in older age groups.
detailed knowledge on pertussis specific immune mechanisms and their insufficiencies is important for understanding resurgence of pertussis in highly vaccinated populations.
cells respond to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) by activating the unfolded protein response ( upr ) signaling pathway.
the upr restores er homeostasis by degrading misfolded proteins , inhibiting translation , and increasing expression of chaperones that enhance er protein folding capacity.
although er stress and protein aggregation have been implicated in aging , the role of upr signaling in regulating lifespan remains unknown.
here we show that deletion of several upr target genes significantly increases replicative lifespan in yeast.
this extended lifespan depends on a functional er stress sensor protein , ire1p , and is associated with constitutive activation of upstream upr signaling.
we compared rsv-induced innate cytokine production in blood mononuclear cells from neonates , young children aged 12-59 mo , and healthy adults.
of interest , young age and premature birth were independently associated with attenuated rig-i-dependent ifn-α responses ( p < @number@ ) .
the number of obese older adults is on the rise , although we lack a proper definition of obesity in this age group.
the ambiguity is primarily related to sarcopenia , the progressive loss of muscle and gain in fat that come with aging.
the duration of the illness and the extent of radiographic changes were also taken into consideration.
material and methods : the study was carried out retrospectively.
results : most women with tuberculosis lived in cities ( @percent@ ) , @percent@ of the evaluated patients lived in villages and @percent@ were homeless.
@date@ of females were under @number@ years of age , and @date@ were over @number@ years of age.
only @percent@ of the women were professionally active and @percent@ were unemployed.
@percent@ of women were not married.
@percent@ of women with tuberculosis were bringing up children and @percent@ had abandoned their offspring.
more than @date@ of women had had tuberculosis symptoms for more than half a year before tuberculosis was diagnosed.
conclusions : the majority of women with tuberculosis in the mazovian district are single , over @number@ years old , unemployed inhabitants of cities.
@percent@ of women in the study group had had symptoms for more than @number@ months before tuberculosis was diagnosed.
@percent@ of women with tuberculosis had very extensive radiological changes covering @number@ to @number@ lung fields.
numerous reports have highlighted that these diseases are occurring at an earlier age among hiv-infected persons.
performance on the spatial ability test declined with age as predicted from previous literature.
however , there was a significant age by expertise interaction.
the results suggest that continued hands-on experience in spatial domains is a predictor of maintenance of spatial ability across the life span.
recent clinical evidence suggests that the neuroprotective and beneficial effects of hormone therapy may be limited by factors related to age and reproductive status.
the patient's age and length of time without circulating ovarian hormones are likely to be key factors in the specific neurological outcomes of hormone therapy.
however , the mechanisms underlying age-related changes in hormone efficacy have not been determined.
fifty-seven of the healthy subjects also completed a food-frequency dietary questionnaire.
results : the average mpod value was @number@ ± @number@ ( range @number@ @date@ ) .
age significantly predicted mpod score ( r ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
there was no effect of smoking , gender , or iris colour on mpod values.
there was no significant correlation between bcva , macular oct profiles , and mpod.
intervertebral disc ( ivd ) disorders are a major contributor to disability and societal health care costs.
findings demonstrate the importance of a soft ( < 700 pa ) , laminin-containing ecm in regulating healthy , immature np cells.
knowledge of np cell-ecm interactions can be used for development of tissue engineering or cell delivery strategies to treat ivd-related disorders.
we hypothesize that brain reserve may have neuroprotective effects against late life depression.
this review shall shed light on complex neurobiological mechanisms that underpin late life depression and help to better understand neural correlates of resilience.
cervical spine ligaments have an important role in providing spinal cord stability and restricting excessive movements.
therefore , it is of great importance to study the mechanical properties and model the response of these ligaments.
a total of @number@ samples of human cadaveric ligaments removed within 24-48 h after death have been tested.
uniaxial tension tests along the fiber direction were performed in physiological conditions.
the results showed that aging decreased the failure properties of all three ligaments ( failure load , failure elongation ) .
furthermore , the reported nonlinear response of cervical ligaments has been modeled with a combination of the previously reported hyperelastic and damage model.
the model predicted a nonlinear response and damage region.
associations were stronger for hlpa than for llpa.
background : sedentary behavior is associated with adverse health effects.
insights into associated determinants are essential to prevent sedentary behavior and limit health risks.
sedentary behavior should be viewed as a distinct health behavior ; therefore , its determinants should be independently identified.
purpose : this study examines the prospective associations between a wide range of midlife determinants and objectively measured sedentary time in old age.
methods : data from @number@ participants ( age 73-92 yr ) of the agesii-reykjavik study were used.
participants wore an accelerometer ( actigraph gt3x ) on the right hip for seven consecutive days.
on average , @number@ yr earlier ( during midlife ) , demographic , socioeconomic , lifestyle , and biomedical factors were collected.
linear regression models were used to examine prospective associations between midlife determinants and sedentary time ( < 100 counts per minute ) in old age.
background : with the aging population and improved cancer care , the number of cancer survivors is steadily increasing.
planning for their care requires an understanding of the impact of cancer and chronic conditions on quality of life.
we sought to determine chronic conditions and health status in older cancer survivors compared to controls.
more survivors reported having @number@ or more chronic conditions compared to controls ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , respectively ) .
health status was lower for survivors , and was significantly different by racial / ethnic group.
in a multivariable model for health status , having @number@ or more chronic conditions was more strongly associated with poorer health status than cancer survivorship.
conclusions : cancer survivors had slightly higher numbers of chronic conditions and poorer health status than controls.
however , chronic conditions were more strongly associated with poor health status than cancer.
aging is an inevitable biological process , associated with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes , and increased susceptibility to diseases.
chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of aging.
in addition to zn ( 2 + ) homeostasis , antioxidant role of mts is routed through -sh moieties on cysteine residues.
mts are induced in aging brain as a defensive mechanism to attenuate oxidative and nitrative stress implicated in broadly classified neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathies.
in addition , mts as free radical scavengers inhibit charnoly body ( cb ) formation to provide mitochondrial neuroprotection in the aging brain.
mts are down-regulated in homozygous weaver ( wv / wv ) mice exhibiting progressive neurodegeneration , early aging , morbidity , and mortality.
these neurodegenerative changes are attenuated in mts over-expressing wv / wv mice , suggesting the neuroprotective role of mts in aging.
this report provides recent knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of mts in neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as parkinson's disease and alzheimer's disease.
high individual variability in the content of human rdna suggests that this genomic region remained relatively unstable throughout evolution.
probing rrna-coding regions of rdna revealed no effects of aging on the rdna content.
elevated rdna content was observed in dlb.
conversely , in the dlb pathology-free cerebellum , lower genomic content of rdna was present in the dlb group.
in the parietal cortex , such a dlb-associated instability of rdna was not accompanied by any major changes of methylation of the rdna promoter.
as increased cerebro-cortical rdna content was previously reported in alzheimer's disease , neurodegeneration appears to be associated with instability of rdna.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : role of the nucleolus in human disease.
its ultimate cause ( s ) is ( are ) unknown.
characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms , pd patients classically display rest tremor , rigidity , bradykinesia , and stooping posture.
recent decades have witnessed a proliferation of medical pharmacologic therapies and innovative surgical interventions like deep brain stimulation ( dbs ) .
however , definitive disease-modifying therapy is still lacking.
experimental therapies are being developed and tested with limited results.
knowledge of strategies to promote optimal quality of life for pd patients is of paramount importance for caregivers , health providers and patients themselves.
treatment options include watchful waiting , life-style modification , pharmacologic treatment , and surgery.
alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers ( α-blockers ) decrease luts and increase urinary flow rates in men with symptomatic bph.
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors ( 5-aris ) decrease the production of dihydrotestosterone within the prostate , which results in decreased prostate volume.
for patients with moderate to severe symptoms and a large prostate , combination therapy with α-blockers and 5-aris can further improve clinical efficacy of treatment.
numerous plant-based products ( phytomedicines ) are increasingly used as an alternative or complement the conventional medication.
for some patients , phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors ( pde5-is ) or antimuscarinic agents may be added.
here , we discuss the current pharmacotherapy of bph.
from an evolutionary viewpoint , readiness to engage in appropriate behavior toward a recognized person seems to be inherent in the human brain.
the involvement of motor-associated cortices during recognition of a personal enemy may reflect readiness for attack or defense.
issues and future directions are also discussed.
dry eye in humans displays increased prevalence in the aged and in women.
here , we investigated the ocular surfaces and lacrimal glands of aged mice of both sexes.
our findings show the development of ded in aging mice.
pathogenic cd4 ( + ) t cells that develop with aging are capable of transferring ded from older mice to naive immunodeficient recipients.
taken together , our results indicate that age-related autoimmunity contributes to development of ded with aging.
objectives : similarity to the self has been shown to affect memory for impressions in younger adults , suggesting a self-reference effect in person memory.
objectives : disability in older age has been related to several psychosocial characteristics , including social networks , social engagement , and depression.
however , the exact role of these characteristics in the disablement process remains uncertain.
results : social networks were negatively associated with onset of adl disability but not associated with progression.
the association became non-significant after adjustment for health status.
social engagement was negatively associated with both onset and progression of disability , even after adjustment for health status.
depression was significantly associated with onset of disability after adjustment for health status but not with progression of disability.
objectives : poor quality of early life conditions has been associated with poorer late life cognition and increased risk of dementia.
early life physical development can be captured using adult measures of height and head circumference.
availability of resources may be reflected by socioeconomic indicators , such as parental education and family size.
results : growth was positively related to higher childhood ses.
higher childhood ses was associated with better semantic memory.
both low growth and low ses were associated with increased rate of cognitive decline.
discussion : these findings demonstrate that early life experiences influence the trajectory of cognitive aging.
early life development and experience appears to provide a distal basis upon which additional risk and protective factors interact in the development of dementia.
diverse environmental cues converge on and are integrated by the mtor signaling network to control cellular growth and homeostasis.
the mammalian tsc1-tsc2 gtpase activating protein ( gap ) heterodimer is a critical negative regulator of rheb and mtor activation.
the ralgapα-ralgapβ heterodimer shares sequence and structural similarity with tsc1-tsc2.
this prompted our investigation to determine whether ralgaps additionally modulate mtor signaling.
we determined that c. elegans ralgap loss decreased lifespan , consistent with a tsc-like function.
additionally , ralgap suppression in mammalian cells caused ralb-selective activation and sec5- and exocyst-dependent engagement of mtorc1 and suppression of autophagy.
unexpectedly , we also found that tsc1-tsc2 loss activated rala / b independently of rheb-mtor signaling.
finally , ralgap suppression caused mtorc1-dependent pancreatic tumor cell invasion.
our findings identify an unexpected crosstalk and integration of the ral and mtor signaling networks.
in the leiden longevity study , middle-aged offspring of non-agenarian siblings and their partners as environmentally matched controls were included.
information was collected on lifestyle , medical history , medication use , and a non-fasting blood sample was drawn.
renal function ( estimated glomerular filtration rate , egfr ) was assessed with the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration ( ckd-epi ) formula.
the impairment of humoral immune response in elderly humans has been extensively demonstrated.
dementia research over the last @number@ years has expanded enormously and has greater international interest now than at any time in history.
little has emerged in terms of tangible benefits for people with dementia to date other than a hugely increased awareness at societal and governmental levels.
age differences in the strategies that individuals spontaneously use to learn new information have been shown to contribute to age differences in episodic memory.
we investigated the role of prefrontal structure in observed age effects on self-initiated use of memory strategies.
gray matter volumes in these regions mediated the effects of age on semantic clustering.
forward serial clustering was also negatively correlated with age.
however , forward serial clustering was not significantly positively correlated with gray matter volumes in any region of lateral prefrontal cortex.
these results suggest that bilateral middle and left inferior frontal regions support self-initiated semantic memory strategy use across the adult lifespan.
they also suggest that age differences in prefrontal gray matter volume are a significant contributor to age differences in self-initiated use of elaborative memory strategies.
objective : to describe older people's perceptions of anemia in a rural ugandan population.
method : quantitative and qualitative data on anemia were collected from participants aged ≥50 years from @date@ to @date@ using questionnaires and in-depth interviews.
quantitative data were collected from @number@ participants.
qualitative data were collected from @number@ people who were purposively selected.
data were analyzed using stata software and thematic content analysis.
results : @percent@ men and @percent@ women had anemia.
older people perceived themselves to be anemic because of symptoms and beliefs about causes.
those with anemia were more likely to perceive that they had anemia ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
poor diet , diseases , poor living conditions , and over work were mentioned as causes of anemia.
use of traditional methods for treating anemia was common.
discussion : anemia prevention and control programs in uganda should target older people and correct misconceptions about the causes and treatment of anemia.
objectives : to test a conceptual model of secondary health conditions , age , and function in persons aging with long-term physical disabilities.
methods : surveys were collected from @number@ adults with spinal cord injury , neuromuscular disease , multiple sclerosis , or post-polio syndrome.
results : in total , @number@ individual symptom or function domains ( latent factors ) were identified , grouped into @number@ broader factors.
increasing age was associated with greater rates of physical and health problems and poorer function , and showed curvilinear relationships with pain and psychosocial difficulties.
results also emphasize the importance of age in symptom severity and impact.
the interaction between genetic factors and micronutrients ( nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic approaches ) may influence ageing and longevity because the micronutrients may become also toxic.
this review reports the micronutrient-gene interactions in ageing and their impact on the healthy state with a focus on the method of protein-metal speciation analysis.
the rapid technological advancements achieved in the last years have boosted the progressive identification of age-associated epigenetic changes.
first , we will give an overview of age-associated epigenetic signatures , focusing on dna methylation.
intermittent gvs decreased the excessive postural sway induced by the concurrent visual and proprioceptive perturbation in young but not in elderly participants.
design : cohort study.
methods : the boss ( 2005-2008 ) is a study of aging in the adult offspring of the population-based epidemiology of hearing loss study cohort.
questionnaire data on health history , medication use , risk factors , and quality of life were available for @number@ participants.
dry eye was determined by self-report of frequency of symptoms and the intensity of those symptoms.
associations between dry eye and risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression.
results : the prevalence of dry eye in the boss was @number@.5% : @percent@ of women and @percent@ of men.
conclusions : the prevalence of dry eye and its associated risk factors in the boss were similar to previous studies.
in this study , dry eye was associated with lower quality of life on a health-related quality-of-life instrument and the vision-specific nei vfq-25.
the extent to which the age-related decline in regional brain glucose uptake also applies to other important brain fuels is presently unknown.
twenty healthy young adults ( mean age , @number@ years ) and @number@ healthy older adults ( mean age , @number@ years ) were studied.
the effect of age on cerebral metabolic rates for acetoacetate in gray matter did not reach significance ( p = @number@ ) .
aging is a parkinson's disease ( pd ) risk factor.
it is suggested here that certain dietary components may either contribute to or ameliorate pd risk.
the expression of monocyte surface markers was compared between tuberculosis patients with and without type @number@ diabetes ( dm2 ) .
dm2 was associated with increased ccr2 expression , which may restrain monocyte traffic to the lung.
information on hospitalizations was obtained from self- or proxy-report.
possible and probable dementia was assessed according to a validated algorithm.
depressive symptoms were assessed with the patient health questionnaire-2.
results : an estimated @number@ million community-dwelling older americans may have dementia , and approximately @number@ million may have substantial depressive symptoms.
conclusions : dementia and depression are common in community-dwelling older americans , and hospitalization is associated with these conditions.
additional research increasing understanding of the bidirectional relationship between hospitalizations , dementia and depression , along with targeted interventions to reduce hospitalizations , is needed.
objective : determine the prevalence of hypogonadism among diabetic and non-diabetic men in jordan.
research design and methods : a cross-sectional study of @number@ men ( @number@ participants with type @number@ diabetes and @number@ non-diabetic subjects ) .
both groups were inquired to answer the androgen deficiency for aging male ( adam ) questionnaire.
hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone < 3 ng / ml and calculated free testosterone < 5 ng / dl.
results : the prevalence of hypogonadism among all study participants was @percent@.
the prevalence of hypogonadism in diabetic and non-diabetic men was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
hypogonadism and symptomatic androgen deficiency were negatively and significantly related to diabetes , monthly income and age ( p value < 0.005 ) .
conclusion : hypogonadism is a prevalent disorder among jordanian diabetic population.
symptoms of androgen deficiency should be corroborated with testosterone level to establish a multidisciplinary approach for management of hypogonadism.
seed longevity is important to preserve crops and wild plants and it is limited by progressive cellular damage ( aging ) during storage.
molecular characterization indicates that the mutant phenotype is caused by over-expression of the at2g26130 gene encoding a ring-type zinc finger putative ubiquitin ligase.
loss of function of this gene in a t-dna insertion mutant resulted in decreased seed longevity.
these results validate the forward genetic approach to seed longevity and anticipate the identification of many novel determinants of this important trait.
despite increasing evidence of major differences between rodent and human immune and neurological function , relatively few biomedical studies are performed with human cells.
this review takes the example of neuroimmunology research and the microglia cell type to illustrate the emerging differences between rodent and human research findings.
microglia are involved in disease states and normal aging processes of the adult human brain.
although rodent microglia are often used in studies investigating microglial function , there are important differences between rodent microglia and their human counterparts.
the purpose of this study was to examine the predictive factors associated with this antibody titer elevation.
decreased odds of titer elevation were seen in patients with early-onset mg than in those with late-onset mg.
in patients with non-thymoma-related mg , thymectomy prevented the antibody titer elevation.
objective : executive dysfunction may play a key role in the pathophysiology of late-life depression.
executive dysfunction can be assessed with cognitive tests and subjective report of difficulties with executive skills.
results : mixed effects analysis revealed a significant group × time interaction , f ( @number@ @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@
depressed older adults who reported executive functioning complaints at baseline demonstrated a slower response to escitalopram treatment than those without executive functioning complaints.
conclusion : self-report of executive functioning difficulties may be a useful prognostic indicator for subsequent speed of response to antidepressant medication.
after controlling for multiple covariates , fatigability moderated the relationship between speed of processing and il-6 reactivity.
further exploratory analyses indicated significant adverse associations between speed of processing and attention and il-6 reactivity in the group with low but not high fatigability.
sirtuins such as sirt1 are conserved protein nad ( + ) -dependent deacylases and thus their function is intrinsically linked to cellular metabolism.
sirtuins regulate the aging process and are themselves regulated by diet and environmental stress.
this sirtuin also exerts important systemic effects via the hypothalamus.
this review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.
human lifespan has been increasing steadily during modern times , mainly due to medical advancements that combat infant mortality and various life-threatening diseases.
however , this gratifying longevity rise is accompanied by growing incidences of devastating age-related pathologies.
several evolutionarily conserved pathways that modulate lifespan have been identified in organisms ranging from yeast to primates.
we further discuss outstanding matters within the framework of emerging , integrative views of aging.
objective : given the increasing number of older people , china has become an aging society.
however , few studies consider the adoption of mobile health services with regard to older and middle-aged users.
method : the hypothesized model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey of @number@ residents older than @number@ years in china.
structural equation modeling was used to estimate the significance of the path coefficients.
the theoretical and practical implications and contributions of this study are then discussed.
telomerase plays a pivotal role in the pathology of aging and cancer by maintaining genome integrity , controlling cell proliferation , and regulating tissue homeostasis.
the canonical function of tert is the synthesis of telomeric dna repeats , and the maintenance of telomere length.
however , accumulating evidence indicates that tert may also have some fundamental functions that are independent of its enzymatic activity.
among these telomere-independent activities of htert , the role of htert in gene transcription has been investigated in detail.
transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in biological systems.
several studies have shown a direct involvement of htert in gene transcription.
this mini-review will focus on the role of htert in gene transcription regulation , and discuss its possible mechanisms.
the study population consisted of @number@ community-dwelling elderly participants aged @number@ or older.
the reproducibility of the results was also evaluated.
factor i correlated best with quality of life , factor ii with activities of daily living , and factor iii with subjective cognitive function.
sensory ncss were performed by standard antidromic technique.
results : totally , @number@ normal recordings belong to @number@ patients were included.
mean antidromic sensory conduction velocity of mns ( wrist-to-second finger ) or uns ( wrist-to-fifth finger ) was not different between two genders.
mean sensory nerve action potential ( snap ) amplitude of mn from second finger was also not different between two genders.
however , mean snap amplitude of un from fifth finger was higher in females.
mn to un latency difference to rf was greater in females than males ( @number@.19±0.15ms vs. @number@.10±0.16ms , p = 0.007 ) .
all data of ncss were re-analyzed after adjustment for age , and obtained findings regarding effect of aging are also included.
conclusion : gender has a prominent effect on rf's sensorial responses.
normative values regarding them should be prepared with adjustment for gender.
dowling-degos disease ( ddd ) is an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis characterized by progressive and disfiguring reticulate hyperpigmentation.
we previously identified loss-of-function mutations in krt5 but were only able to detect pathogenic mutations in fewer than half of our subjects.
to identify additional causes of ddd , we performed exome sequencing in five unrelated affected individuals without mutations in krt5.
data analysis identified three heterozygous mutations from these individuals , all within the same gene.
further screening of unexplained cases for poglut1 identified six additional mutations , as well as two of the above described mutations.
immunofluorescence analysis identified a colocalization of the wt protein with the endoplasmic reticulum and a notable aggregating pattern for the truncated protein.
recently , mutations in pofut1 , which encodes protein o-fucosyltransferase @number@ were also reported to be responsible for ddd.
interestingly , both poglut1 and pofut1 are essential regulators of notch activity.
our results furthermore emphasize the important role of the notch pathway in pigmentation and keratinocyte morphology.
the same mutation has been described in a patient with bipolar disorder , but up to now , not in patients suffering from schizophrenia.
we determined the frequency of the c9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in a population of @number@ patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
the pathogenic repeat expansion was detected in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
both of them presented with auditory hallucinations and had comorbid alcohol abuse.
in addition , a positive family history for psychiatric and / or neurodegenerative diseases was present.
the repeat expansion in the c9orf72 gene is a rare , but possible , cause of schizophrenic spectrum disorders.
we cannot rule out however whether the number of repeats influence the phenotype.
these genetic abnormalities have rarely been studied in asian ftd populations.
we investigated the frequencies of mutations in mapt and grn and the c9orf72 abnormal expansion in @number@ korean ftd patients.
two novel missense variants of unknown significance in the mapt and grn were detected in each gene.
however , neither abnormal c9orf72 expansion nor pathogenic mapt or grn mutation was found.
our findings indicate that mapt , grn , and c9orf72 mutations are rare causes of ftd in korean patients.
dna methylation ( 5-methylcytosine [ 5mc ] ) is one of several epigenetic markers altered in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) brain.
more recently , attention has been given to dna hydroxymethylation ( 5-hydroxymethylcytosine [ 5hmc ] ) , the oxidized form of 5mc.
global levels of 5mc and 5hmc positively correlated with each other and with markers of ad including amyloid beta , tau , and ubiquitin loads.
in addition , our colocalization study showed that within the same nuclei , 5mc and 5hmc mostly do not coexist.
impaired motor skill acquisition is a feature of older age.
acquisition of new motor skills requires the interplay between different cortical motor areas.
objective : the objective of this paper was to evaluate a chronic care management program piloted by a visiting nurses association.
desired outcomes were to increase nurses ' knowledge of self-management of chronic conditions and improve patient self-efficacy and clinical measures.
thirteen patients with chronic condition ( s ) were enrolled.
chronic care professional modules were used to increase nurses ' knowledge and were measured by successful completion of a certification exam.
faith community nurses participated in an education program and completed a posttest to measure knowledge of content.
patient improvement in self-management was measured by pre- and postintervention self-efficacy scores and clinical measures.
program evaluation : seventeen nurses successfully completed the exam , and @number@ faith community nurses participated in the program and completed the posttest.
three patients showed improvement in self-efficacy scores and eight in clinical measures.
background : in the antibiotic era , tuberculosis ( tb ) still causes a substantial number of mortalities.
we aimed to identify the causes and risks of death among tb patients.
methods : medical records of mortality cases of culture-proven tb diagnosed during 2003-2007 were reviewed.
all tb deaths were classified into @number@ groups ( tb-related and non-tb-related ) , based on the underlying cause of death.
results : during the study period , @number@ cases ( male : @percent@ ) of culture-proven tb were identified.
the mean age was @number@ ( range : @date@ ) years.
most of the tb-related deaths occurred early ( median survival : @number@ days ) , and the patient died of septic shock.
malignancy , liver cirrhosis , renal failure , and miliary and pneumonic radiographic patterns were all independent predictors for all tb deaths.
cavitary , miliary and pneumonic radiographic patterns were all significant predictive factors for tb-related death.
extrapulmonary involvement and liver cirrhosis were also factors contributing to tb-related death.
conclusions : the majority of tb deaths were ascribed to non-tb-related causes.
managing tb as well as underlying comorbidities in a multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the outcome of patients in an aging population.
food bioactives are known to prevent aging , cancer , and other diseases for an overall improved health of the consumer.
nanodelivery provides a means to control stability , solubility , and bioavailability , and also provides controlled release of food bioactives.
there are two main types of nanodelivery systems , liquid and solid.
liquid nanodelivery systems include nanoemulsions , nanoliposomes , and nanopolymersomes.
solid nanodelivery systems include nanocrystals , lipid nanoparticles , and polymeric nanoparticles.
each type of nanodelivery system offers distinct benefits depending on the compatibility of nanoparticle properties with the properties of the bioactive and the desired application.
the fate of the bioactive depends on its physicochemical properties and the location of its release.
the safety of nanodelivery systems for use in food applications is largely unknown.
social cognition matures dramatically during adolescence and into early adulthood , supported by continued improvements in inhibitory control.
during this time , developmental changes in interpreting and responding to social signals such as facial expressions also occur.
caution and nondecision time both increased significantly with age while bias towards the go response decreased.
the present study explored the identity-cognition association further by investigating the impact of a group decision-making intervention on cognition.
cognitive function , social identification , home satisfaction , and lounge use were measured before and after the intervention.
participants in the intervention condition showed significant increases on all measures , and greater improvement than participants in both comparison and control conditions.
performance in episodic memory is determined both by accurate retrieval from memory and by decision processes.
we manipulate list strength in order to investigate two aspects of response bias.
first , we evaluate whether criterion placement in episodic memory differs for older and younger adults.
second , we ask whether older adults have the same degree of flexibility to adjust the criterion in response to task demands as younger adults.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are oxidizing agents amply implicated in tissue damage.
ros production is inevitably linked to atp synthesis in most cells , and the rate of production is related to the rate of cell respiration.
many traits of aging are related to oxidative damage by ros , including neurodegenerative diseases.
thyroid hormones ( ths ) are a major factor controlling metabolic and respiratory rates in virtually all cell types in mammals.
ths are related to oxidative stress not only by their stimulation of metabolism but also by their effects on antioxidant mechanisms.
thyroid dysfunction increases with age , so changes in ths levels in the elderly could be a factor affecting the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
however , the relationship is not always clear.
the present cross-sectional study investigated the development of phonological recoding in beginning readers of dutch , using a proofreading task with pseudohomophones and control misspellings.
the size of this pseudohomophone effect was larger in grade @number@ than in grade @number@ and did not differ between grades @number@ and @number@
in experiment @number@ we replicated the pseudohomophone effect in beginning readers and we tested how orthographic knowledge may modulate this effect.
the persistence of the pseudohomophone effect across all grades illustrates the importance of phonological recoding in dutch readers.
at the same time , the decreasing pseudohomophone effect across grades indicates the increasing influence of orthographic knowledge as reading develops.
the human brain expresses three additional isoforms with three microtubule-binding repeats ( 3r ) each.
however , little is known about the role of the amino-terminal inserts and how the 0n , 1n and 2n tau species differ.
subcellular fractionation of the brain showed that the 1n isoform is over-represented in the soluble nuclear fraction.
the 0n isoform is mainly found in cell bodies and axons , whereas nuclei and dendrites are only slightly stained with the 0n antibody.
the 2n isoform that was undetectable at p0 , in adult brain was mainly found localized to cell bodies and dendrites.
together these findings reveal significant differences between the three murine tau isoforms that are likely to reflect different neuronal functions.
introduction : co-occurrence with other chronic diseases may influence the progression of dementia , especially in case of multiple chronic diseases.
we aimed to verify whether multimorbidity influenced cognitive and daily functioning during nine years after dementia diagnosis compared with the influence in persons without dementia.
methods : in the kungsholmen project , a population-based cohort study , we followed @number@ persons with incident dementia longitudinally.
we compared their trajectories with those of @number@ persons without dementia.
progression was studied for cognition and activities of daily life ( adls ) , measured by mmse and katz index respectively.
the effect of multimorbidity and its interaction with dementia status was studied using individual growth models.
results : the mean ( sd ) follow-up time was @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
as expected , dementia related to both the decline in cognitive and daily functioning.
irrespective of dementia status , persons with more diseases had significantly worse baseline daily functioning.
in dementia patients having more diseases also related to a significantly faster decline in daily functioning.
in persons without dementia , no significant decline in adls over time was present , nor was multimorbidity related to the decline rate.
cognitive decline measured with mmse remained unrelated to the number of diseases present at baseline.
no relationship of multimorbidity with cognitive functioning was established.
these findings imply a strong interconnection between physical and mental health , where the greatest disablement occurs when both somatic and mental disorders are present.
the present study shows evidence for conscious motor intention in motor preparation prior to movement execution.
the acceleration data on flexion / extension corresponded to this finding.
our study gives evidence that motor intentions become aware before any motor execution.
no consensus has been reached on how musculoskeletal system injuries or aging can be explained by a walking plantar impulse.
we standardize the plantar impulse by defining a principal axis of plantar impulse.
our findings reveal that plantar impulse distribution curves for achilles tendon ruptures change irregularly with subjects ' walking speed changes.
when comparing distribution curves of the young , we see a significant difference in the elderly subjects ' phalanges plantar pressure record time series.
this verifies our hypothesis that a plantar impulse can function as a means to assess and evaluate musculoskeletal system injuries and aging.
to date , drosophila melanogaster has been successfully used to investigate pathogenesis following the loss of several other pd-associated genes.
we generated the first loss-of-hsc70-5 / mortalin-function drosophila model.
dopaminergic neurons seem to be more sensitive to the loss of mortalin than other neuronal sub-types and non-neuronal tissues.
the loss of synaptic mitochondria is an early pathological change that might cause later degenerative events.
it precedes both behavioral abnormalities and structural changes at the neuromuscular junction ( nmj ) of mortalin-knockdown larvae that exhibit increased mitochondrial fragmentation.
autophagy is concomitantly up-regulated , suggesting that mitochondria are degraded via mitophagy.
ex vivo data from human fibroblasts identifies increased mitophagy as an early pathological change that precedes apoptosis.
niemann-pick type c ( npc ) disease is a rare autosomal-recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in npc1 ( @percent@ ) or npc2.
given the highly variable phenotype , diagnosis is challenging and particularly late-onset forms with predominantly neuropsychiatric presentations are likely underdiagnosed.
pathophysiologically , genetic alterations compromising the endosomal / lysosomal system are linked with age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
the frequencies of rare sequence variants in npc1 / 2 did not differ significantly between patients and controls.
all rare variation was detected in the heterozygous state and no compound heterozygotes were observed.
misdiagnosed npc patients were not present in our samples.
however , further assessment of npc disease genes in age-related neurodegeneration is warranted.
the effects on dauer formation and lifespan require the aak-2 / ampk gene , and tatn-1 mutations increase phospho-aak-2 levels.
in contrast , the daf-16 / foxo transcription factor is only partially required for the effects on dauer formation and not required for increased longevity.
proper motor performance at 3rd month is necessary for further motor development.
the physiotherapist evaluated @number@ qualitative features typical for the age of @number@ months in the prone and supine positions.
the final neurological assessment determined the degree of developmental disorder.
neurological and global physiotherapeutic assessments showed a statistically significant correlation.
qualitative assessment results were very good in healthy children and decreased with worsening neurological diagnoses.
children diagnosed with cerebral palsy did not show proper qualitative features of @number@ months when analyzed at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
children with delayed motor development revealed minor qualitative performance impairments as early as @number@ months but improved with age.
qualitative assessment at @number@ months not only facilitates diagnosis of major developmental disorders but is also a good predictor of delayed motor development in children.
when some differences are found , we create sample weights that other researchers can use to adjust these differences.
results : the active sample is younger , more likely to be female , black , and more highly educated than the hrs sample.
sample weights were created.
discussion : by using the resulting sample weights , all results of active analyses can be said to be nationally representative based on hrs demographics.
these analyses examined the longitudinal impact of dosage ( number of training sessions ) on the improvement and maintenance of cognitive and everyday function.
results : latent growth curve models indicated that initial training effects were maintained over @number@ years and amplified by booster sessions.
a single booster session counteracted @number@ months of age-related processing speed decline.
implications for the broader application of cognitive training interventions are discussed.
objective : to characterize change through 5-year follow-up , associated with training , booster , adherence , and other characteristics.
methods : sample included all individuals randomly assigned to reasoning training ( n = @number@ ) .
piecewise latent growth modeling was used to examine trajectory of performance on outcome measures.
results : training resulted in improved reasoning performance through year @number@
a significant third annual booster effect was one-half the size of the training effect.
training adherence resulted in greater training effects.
higher education , mini-mental state exam ( mmse ) , better health , and younger age related to higher baseline performance.
higher mmse was related to larger training effects , larger linear slopes , and smaller booster effects.
discussion : initial training gain was comparable with magnitude of age-related cognitive decline over @number@ years with no training.
neither age nor gender predicted training or booster effects , indicating the generality of training effects across age ( 65-90 years ) .
method : participants ( n = @number@ ) were from the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly ( active ) study.
participants ' driving status and health were measured at baseline , and mortality rates were observed across the subsequent @number@ years.
for large-city residents , mediation effects for all mediators were significant and complete.
for small-city residents , only physical and general health were significant mediators , and these effects were partial.
objective : this article investigated how a multicomponent memory intervention affected memory for prose.
method : we studied @number@ active participants aged @number@ to @number@
results : memory-trained participants showed higher verbatim recall than non-memory-trained participants.
booster-memory training led to higher verbatim recall.
memory training effects were evident immediately following training and not after @number@ year following training.
discussion : results suggest that multifactorial memory training can improve verbatim recall for prose , but the effect does not last without continued intervention.
objective : to examine basic and everyday cognitive predictors of older adults ' self-reported instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) .
results : multilevel longitudinal analyses revealed linear and quadratic change trends for self-reported iadl function , with steeper declines at higher ages.
within-person , when participants exhibited lower cognitive performance , they also reported more iadl impairment.
future research should consider the inclusion of everyday cognitive measures in functional assessment batteries.
objectives : to longitudinally examine gender and racial disparities in driving cessation among older adults.
methods : data came from the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly ( active ) study ( n = @number@ ) .
results : two hundred and five ( @percent@ ) participants stopped driving over the study period.
results were consistent with the hypothesis that racial disparities in cessation widen with increasing age.
discussion : factors predictive of driving cessation vary by gender.
racial disparities in cessation are wider at older ages.
transportation policies and programs should account for social determinants and aim to address social disparities in driving mobility among older adults.
discussion : age , education , and race are consistently associated with cognitive performance in this sample of older community-dwelling adults.
diabetes , stroke , and suspected clinical depression had independent but weaker effects on cognition.
method : five-year trajectories of memory , reasoning , visual processing speed / useful field of view , digit-symbol substitution , and vocabulary were investigated.
there were virtually no significant race differences in the rates of change.
the small remaining effects of being african american on performance levels likely reflect uncontrolled variation in factors like literacy and financial advantage.
the risk of adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) rises with increasing age.
in the field of adrs , drug-nutrient interactions ( dnis ) are a relatively unexplored area.
more knowledge will contribute to the simple prevention of this type of adr.
a total of @number@ publications were identified.
thiazide diuretics , statins , and calcium channel blocking agents were the most frequently studied drug groups.
in conclusion , several knowledge gaps exist on the relationship between drug use and vitamin d blood levels.
nonetheless , this review provides a basis for future research on adrs that contribute to nutrient deficiencies.
objective : dopamine transporter ( dat ) density is considered as a marker of pre-synaptic function.
numerous neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated an age-related decrease in dat density in normal human brain.
however , the precise degree of the regional decline is not yet clear.
dat binding was quantified using a simplified reference tissue model , and the cerebellum was used as reference region.
estimations of binding potential in the caudate , putamen , substantia nigra , and thalamus were individually regressed according to age using simple regression analysis.
estimates of dat loss per decade were obtained using the values from the regression slopes.
results : there were @number@ @number@ and @percent@ per-decade declines in dat in the caudate , putamen , and substantia nigra , respectively.
by contrast , there was no age-related decline of dat in the thalamus.
regular protein synthesis is a needful and complex task for a healthy cell.
improper folding leads to the deposition of misfolded proteins in cells.
autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ups ) are the conserved intracellular degradation processes of eukaryotic cells.
how exactly these two pathways cross talk to each other is unclear.
we do not know how the impairment of autophagy or ups leads to the disturbance in cellular homeostasis and contribute into cellular aging and neurodegeneration.
unobserved heterogeneity in mortality risk is pervasive and consequential.
mortality deceleration-the slowing of mortality's rise with age-has been considered an important window into heterogeneity that otherwise might be impossible to explore.
in this article , i argue that deceleration patterns may reveal surprisingly little about the heterogeneity that putatively produces them.
simulations show that these patterns are plausible in model cohorts that in the aggregate resemble cohorts in the human mortality database.
objective : to describe 10-year progression rates to intermediate or advanced amd.
observation occurred at @number@ clinical sites of medical retinal practices from academic institutions and community medical centers.
when the trial ended , @number@ of the @number@ surviving participants were followed for @number@ additional years.
exposure : treatment with antioxidant vitamins and minerals.
main outcomes and measures : development of varying stages of amd and changes in visual acuity.
best-corrected visual acuity was measured at annual study visits.
results : the risk of progression to advanced amd increased with increasing age ( p = @number@ ) and severity of drusen.
women ( p = @number@ ) and current smokers ( p < @number@ ) were at increased risk of neovascular amd.
conclusions and relevance : the natural history of amd demonstrates relentless loss of vision in persons who developed advanced amd.
these progression data and the risk factor analyses may be helpful to investigators conducting research in clinic populations.
however , information on clinical and biomarker correlates of apo-e proteins is scarce.
at baseline , higher csf apo-e levels were associated with higher total and phosphorylated csf tau levels.
in analyses stratified by apoe genotype , our results were only significant in the group without the ε4 allele.
baseline csf apo-e levels did not predict longitudinal csf aβ or tau changes.
plasma apo-e levels show a mild correlation with csf apo-e levels , but were not associated with longitudinal cognitive and mri changes.
the eyebrow is simple to regard , but complicated to understand.
over the centuries it has been used as an indicator of social status , gender , and level of authority.
in differing societies its descent and thinning with time have made it an important benchmark of the aging process.
the brow in men is usually more resistant to downward movement until they are in their fifties.
in earlier centuries , the shaven forehead and almost absent brow were seen as a symbol of sexual purity.
the periorbital complex is a critical cosmetic unit.
treatments for this region range from topical prescriptions to enhance the brow hair to topical cosmeceuticals that improve the tone and texture of the skin.
lasers , radiofrequency , botulinum toxins , fillers , and a host of other treatments are used to treat the periorbital region.
judicious use of these treatments , alone or in combination , can greatly alter the appearance of the region.
product availability differs between these two aesthetic markets due to us food and drug administration ( fda ) regulatory requirements.
patients in the midface group were injected with juvéderm voluma® xc , juvéderm® volift® with lidocaine , restylane- l® , perlane-l® or radiesse®.
patients in the perioral and / or lip group were injected with juvéderm® volbella™ , with lidocaine , or belotero balance™.
patients were photographed before and immediately after injection to evaluate aesthetic outcomes.
in each case , filler selection was based upon patient characteristics , anatomical considerations and inherent filler properties.
results : all patients were extremely satisfied with their treatments.
there were no significant immediate or delayed complications following treatment with any of the dermal fillers used.
conclusions : volume restoration in the midface and perioral or lip region can be effectively achieved using a variety of dermal fillers.
the dermal filler portfolio available in europe is exponentially larger than that in the us.
many cosmetic products and procedures provide global improvement to aging skin , whereas injectable therapies are frequently utilized to diminish specific , target wrinkles.
despite their broad availability , some patients are unwilling to undergo injectables and would benefit from an effective topical option.
a noninvasive option to volumize target wrinkle areas could also extend benefits of commonly used cosmetic anti-aging products.
seventy women ( @number@ active group , @number@ vehicle group ) completed the study.
digital photography , clinical grading , ultrasound and self-assessment scores confirmed improvement to wrinkle areas.
both the test formulation and its vehicle were tolerated well.
the novel , two-step cosmetic formulation reduced the appearance of wrinkles and increased skin elasticity thus providing an effective anti-aging option for target wrinkle areas.
objective : to investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type a on tear film stability and tear production after treatment of lateral canthal rhytids.
the tbut and schirmer test results were compared between different periods and doses.
in younger participants , the tbut recovered faster than in older patients.
tear production decreased to the trough at @number@ month after treatment and then recovered gradually.
the mechanisms by which air pollution has multiple systemic effects in humans are not fully elucidated , but appear to include inflammation and thrombosis.
we investigated associations between air pollution exposure and gene-specific methylation in @number@ elderly men participating in the normative aging study ( 1999-2009 ) .
we repeatedly measured methylation at multiple cpg sites within each gene's promoter region and calculated the mean of the position-specific measurements.
we examined intermediate-term associations between primary and secondary air pollutants and mean methylation and methylation at each position with distributed-lag models.
increase in air pollutants concentrations was significantly associated with f3 , icam-1 , and tlr-2 hypomethylation , and ifn-γ and il-6 hypermethylation.
for some genes , the change in methylation was observed only at specific locations within the promoter region.
dna methylation may reflect biological impact of air pollution.
coenzyme q ( q ) is a key lipidic compound for cell bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant activities.
it has been shown that also has a central role in the prevention of oxidation of plasma lipoproteins.
q has been associated with the prevention of cholesterol oxidation and several aging-related diseases.
however , to date no clear data on the levels of plasma q during aging are available.
we have measured the levels of plasmatic q10 and cholesterol in young and old individuals showing different degrees of physical activity.
our results indicate that plasma q10 levels in old people are higher that the levels found in young people.
our analysis also indicates that there is no a relationship between the degree of physical activity and q10 levels when the general population is studied.
however , very interestingly , we have found a different tendency between q10 levels and physical activity depending on the age of individuals.
higher q10 levels in plasma are related to lower lipoperoxidation and oxidized ldl levels in elderly people.
total ischemic lesion volumes increased in both arms at a rate of @number@ cm ( @number@ ) / y ( p = @number@ ) .
smaller frontal lobe volumes were observed as persistent group differences among women assigned to active ht compared with placebo.
further study may elucidate mechanisms that explain these findings.
study design : cross-sectional.
setting : randomly sampled united states communities.
sis scores ≥2 were considered indicative of social isolation.
the independent ( predictor ) variable was the pure tone average of speech frequency ( @number@.5-4 khz ) hearing thresholds in the better-hearing ear.
covariates included potential medical , demographic , and otologic confounders.
we used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the association between hearing loss and the odds of having social isolation.
an exploratory analysis was performed to assess the strength of associations between hearing loss and individual items of the sis scale.
effect modification by gender was significant in this age group ( p = @number@ ) .
hearing loss was not significantly associated with social isolation in other age and gender groups.
brain trauma , neurodegenerative diseases , and psychiatric disorders pose enormous burdens at both personal and societal levels.
although medications for these disorders are widely used , the treatment mechanisms underlying the illnesses remain largely elusive.
exercise induces changes in the immune system depending on its intensity and duration.
nk-cells functionality was determined in response to k-562 , @number@ and @number@.221-aeh cell-lines.
high volume physical activity reduced the total number of circulating leukocytes , neutrophils , and lymphocytes.
we found , in the high volume physical activity individuals , a higher degree of differentiation in cd4 + t-lymphocytes.
cd8 + t-lymphocytes from young athletes had reduced trec content and lower frequencies of recent thymic emigrants.
the food industry is the point of final integration of consumer food choices with dietary guidelines.
however , research focused on obesity , aging , and metabolic syndrome has demonstrated merits of increased dietary protein and reduced amounts of carbohydrates.
individual food companies must adapt to changing nutrition knowledge , dietary guidelines , and consumer priorities.
the impact on the food industry will be specific to each company based on their products , culture and capacity to adapt.
however , the precise mechanisms linking nuclear envelope abnormalities to lipodystrophies remain largely unknown.
in this review we present the clinical , tissular and cellular characteristics of the nuclear envelope-linked lipodystrophies , as well as their hypothetical pathophysiological mechanisms.
a major gap in this area of research and theory development has been the lack of examination of moral reasoning in later life.
overall , participants favored protection over autonomy in responding to the case scenarios.
their reasoning in responding to these dilemmas reflected an ethic of care and responsibility and a recognition of the limitations of autonomy.
this reasoning is highly consistent with the care orientation.
variations in the overall ethic of care and responsibility based on ethnicity and ses also are discussed.
images of women's sexuality beyond the age of forty are lacking in popular culture.
this term and women's opinions of it can be viewed as exemplary of two competing ideologies about aging and sexuality.
some women , however , embraced the term or its meaning , as indicative of the reality of older women's sexuality and continued sexual desire.
with regard to both individual ( personal ) and collective ( societal ) spheres , negative images of old age dominate public debate.
coolness here is understood as both a socio-cultural resource and an individualized habitus of everyday living.
people with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are often negatively positioned by others , resulting in difficulties upholding a positive sense of self.
this might cause them to withdraw socially and apparently ' lose their minds'.
conversely , the sense of self can be strengthened with the support from others.
in the interactions that followed among the support group participants , those positions were mainly affirmed.
this enabled participants to construct strong and agentic personae , and to have the severity of their illness acknowledged.
despite their language impairment participants managed to position and reposition themselves and others by assistance of the trained facilitator.
none : variabilité phénotypique dans la maladie de krabbe au cours de la vie du patient.
chez les cas dont la présentation est classique , la maladie débute au cours de la première année de vie.
nous analysons les articles traitant du sujet pour démontrer l'hétérogénéité des symptômes au moment de la première consultation et ceci dans tous les groupes d'âge.
the biggest challenge in neuro-oncology is the treatment of glioblastoma , which exhibits poor prognosis and is increasing in incidence in an increasing aging population.
diverse treatment strategies aim at maximum cytoreduction and ensuring good quality of life.
we discuss multimodal neuronavigation , supra-maximum tumor resection , and the postoperative treatment gap.
multimodal neuronavigation allows the integration of preoperative anatomic and functional data with intraoperative information.
intraoperative mri- and fluorescence-guided surgery assist in achieving this goal of supra-maximum resection and have been the subject of an increasing number of reports.
photodynamic therapy and local chemotherapy are properly positioned to bridge the gap between surgery and chemoradiotherapy.
the photosensitizer used in fluorescence-guided surgery persists in the remaining peripheral tumor extensions.
additionally , blinded randomized clinical trials showed firm evidence of extra cytoreduction by local chemotherapy in the tumor cavity.
the cutting-edge promise is gene therapy although both the delivery and efficacy of the numerous transgenes remain under investigation.
white matter ( wm ) continues to mature through adolescence in parallel with gains in cognitive ability.
flexible nonlinear growth curves indicated a hierarchical pattern of wm development.
by late childhood , posterior cortical-subcortical connections were similar to adults.
during adolescence , wm microstructure reached adult levels , including frontocortical , frontosubcortical and cerebellar connections.
later to mature in adulthood were major corticolimbic association tracts and connections at terminal gray matter sites in cortical and basal ganglia regions.
these patterns may reflect adolescent maturation of frontal connectivity supporting cognitive abilities , particularly the protracted refinement of corticolimbic connectivity underlying cognition-emotion interactions.
sex and behavior also played a large role.
males showed continuous wm growth from childhood through early adulthood , whereas females mainly showed growth during mid-adolescence.
the protective potential of melatonin ( mlt ) in parkinson's disease ( pd ) is the subject of considerable controversy.
the purpose of the present study was to investigate serum mlt levels in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-ohda ) lesion rats and patients with pd.
blood samples were collected from rats at @time@ and from patients with pd and healthy subjects between 8 : 00 and @time@ .
serum mlt levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
our results also demonstrate that serum mlt levels are correlated with severity of pd according to h & y scale.
objectives : to define vitamin d levels and their association with cognition in subjects with exceptional longevity.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : community and long-term care facilities.
measurements : serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels were measured using liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) and clock drawing test ( cdt : command and copy ) .
results : the median age of the ashkenazi subjects was @number@ ( interquartile range ( iqr ) 95-104 ) .
methods : elderly euthymic patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were assessed using the bacs and a standard cognitive test battery.
all of the patients were assessed by the bacs as being cognitively impaired.
discussion : the bacs appears to be a feasible and informative cognitive assessment tool for elderly patients with bipolar disorder.
we believe that these preliminary results merit further investigation.
stronger relationships often emerge between mood and memory self-efficacy ( mse ) than between mse and memory abilities.
we examined how social desirability , mood congruency and framing influence the mood-mse relationship.
social desirability correlated with all self-report measures , and covarying social desirability diminished the mood-mse relationship while enhancing the relationship between mse and objective memory.
participants rated their memory more harshly on positively than neutrally or negatively worded mse items.
current mood state did not affect mse overall or when items were worded positively or neutrally.
however , on negatively worded items , participants in a negative mood exhibited lower mse than participants in a positive mood.
thus , both mse and the mood-mse relationship depended upon question wording.
recent advances : recent findings implicate redox metabolism in the control of stem cell pool and stem cell aging.
we will specifically focus on how alterations in this regulation may be implicated in disease and particularly in diseases of stem cell aging.
in general , based on the work described here we propose a model in which ros function as stem cell rheostat.
previous studies about the effects of ageing on the episodic feeling-of-knowing ( fok ) accuracy and its underlying processes have yielded conflicting results.
recent work suggests that using alternative measures to gamma correlations might allow more accurate and informative interpretations of metamemory performance in ageing.
we therefore investigated this issue with a large sample of @number@ young and @number@ older participants using alternative signal-detection theory ( sdt ) measures.
our results suggest that the fok accuracy deficit observed in the literature arises from differences in memory performance.
cultural attitudes about medical decision-making and filial expectations may lead some surrogates to experience stress and family conflict.
seventy percent of participants engaged in unprompted discussions about birth order and family dynamics.
these findings suggest that birth order and family dynamics can have profound effects on surrogate stress and coping.
frailty in the elderly develops under the combined action of physiological aging , chronic diseases and life context.
malnutrition is often the cause or consequence and engenders physiological alterations due to decreased food consumption , the ability to eat and access to food.
in this study , the mna-sf has a higher sensitivity and is the reference tool for routine screening in this population.
the neural substrates associated with lesch-nyhan disease remain poorly understood.
we used voxel-based morphometry to analyse grey matter volume between groups using a three-group ancova , followed by six pairwise post-hoc group comparisons.
the largest differences were in basal ganglia , and frontotemporal and limbic regions , with sparing of parieto-occipital regions.
grey matter volumes of patients with lesch-nyhan variant disease were invariably between those of patients with classic lesch-nyhan disease and healthy controls.
patients with classic disease had reductions of volume in the ventral striatum and prefrontal areas compared with those with the variant form.
interpretation : we noted regional abnormalities associated with known neurological and behavioural deficits in patients with classic lesch-nyhan disease.
the lack of exercise has been linked to increasing the incidence of hypertension , coronary artery disease , osteoporosis , degenerative arthritis , and diabetes.
chronic disease affects patients both in psychological and physiological functions which limit their daily activity.
in the past , many researches pointed out that these patients can improve their balance sensation by exercise.
because of the above reasons , this research implementation forms a wireless platform of information connection system and medical data analysis.
using the hydraulic resist practicing equipment as the mainstay intervention can help examinee collecting the practice value and further analysis.
it can also provide the medical unit to create data mold and a body health counselor when services in the society.
a specific section is dedicated to the striking ability of environmental enrichment and physical exercise to empower adult brain plasticity.
although the human genome has @number@ aldh genes , one aldh emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies.
this aldh , aldh2 , is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism.
recent studies suggest that aldh2 dysfunction is also associated with fanconi anemia , pain , osteoporosis , and the process of aging.
sex and age have important influences on sympathetic neural control of blood pressure in humans.
young women are relatively protected against risk of hypertension due to greater peripheral vasodilator influences compared with young men and older people.
this protective effect is lost at menopause.
methods : we conducted a systematic search of medline , embase , and global health for studies on asthma published between @number@ and @number@
we included cross-sectional population based studies providing numerical estimates on the prevalence of asthma.
we calculated weighted mean prevalence and applied an epidemiological model linking age with the prevalence of asthma.
the un population figures for africa for @number@ @number@ and @number@ were used to estimate the cases of asthma , each for the respective year.
results : our search returned @number@ studies.
we retained @number@ studies that met our selection criteria.
there were no significant differences between asthma prevalence in studies which ascertained cases by written and video questionnaires.
crude prevalences of asthma were , however , consistently higher among urban than rural dwellers.
conclusion : our findings suggest an increasing prevalence of asthma in africa over the past two decades.
due to the paucity of data , we believe that the true prevalence of asthma may still be under-estimated.
recent studies have shown that aging has a large impact on connectivity within and between functional networks.
spatial independent component ( ic ) analysis was used to identify functional networks over all participants and all conditions.
dual regression was used to obtain participant and task specific time-courses per ic.
subsequently , functional connectivity was computed between all ics in each of the tasks.
the results demonstrated that elderly remain able to adapt fnc to task demands.
however , there was an age-related shift in the impetus for fnc change.
older participants showed the maximal change in sec patterns between resting state and the sa task.
young participants , showed the largest shift in sec patterns between the less demanding sa task and the more demanding 2-back task.
the lack of change between the low and high demanding tasks suggests that elderly reach a resource ceiling.
white matter lesion load ( wmll ) was quantified from mri t2-weighted flair images.
results : whole-brain wmll and amyloid deposition were significantly higher ( p < @number@ ) in mci and ad patients compared with controls.
rs-fmri results showed significantly reduced ( corrected p < @number@ ) dmn connectivity and altered falff activity in both mci and ad groups.
fdg uptake results showed hypometabolism in ad and mci patients compared with controls.
many studies have observed altered neurofunctional and structural organization in the aging brain.
thus , for the first time , we propose to examine gray matter changes using diffusion mri in the context of aging.
we examine gray matter alterations by grouping brain regions into anatomical lobes as well as functional zones.
methods : the sample included @number@ young adults ages @number@ to @number@ who had been discharged from inpatient psychiatric care in a mid-atlantic state.
the main independent variable was a lapse in medicaid enrollment.
an instrumental-variables regression model was used to minimize estimation bias resulting from unmeasured confounding between lapses and service use.
results : nearly a third ( @percent@ ) of the young adults had an enrollment lapse.
states should examine opportunities to assist young adults with serious mental health problems who are aging out of medicaid enrollment categories for children.
these gene expression states are encoded in the epigenome - a collection of marks on dna or on histone tails that are established during embryogenesis.
introduction : sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of nad ( + ) -dependent protein lysine deacylases.
in mammals , @number@ sirtuin isoforms control various functions in metabolism , stress responses and aging processes.
sirtuins are considered attractive therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases , such as metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders.
areas covered : the authors describe the developments in analyzing sirtuin activity and conceptual advances in the identification , improvement and design of sirtuin-modulating compounds.
they also review the application of these methods and concepts for the development and mechanistic characterization of sirtuin modulators.
the improved tools and mechanistic insights now enable a more efficient development of sirtuin modulators for in vivo studies and therapeutic applications.
a decline in the replicative and regenerative capacity of adult stem cell populations is a major contributor to the aging process.
these mtdna mutator mice have also highlighted that the consequences of mtdna mutations upon stem cells vary depending on the tissue.
the molecular hpv research was negative , while the thin prep pap-test was indicative of vaginosis and cellular reactive changes associated with inflammation.
the remarkable presence of indigested meat fibre and several mucous dense filaments were observed.
the ph value was @number@ while blood faecal test was positive.
faecal research highlighted a very scarce presence of e. coli , resulting in @number@ ufc / g of stool.
of all enteroinvasive pathogens , researched by molecular analyses , only yersinia spp. was positive.
several chemosensitizers reverse mdr but have significant toxicities.
antiemetic medications are often used for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patient.
as they grow older , the risk of this and similar types of carcinoma decreases and the nature of the periodic check-ups changes.
however , check-ups cannot be omitted as the 5-yearly population study for cervical cancer is not suitable for detecting clear cell adenocarcinoma.
des daughters should continue to receive a 2-yearly cytological check-up from their general practitioner until at least the age of @number@
now more than ever , physicians must be particularly vigilant in checking for the non-oncological late effects of des.
results : most participants ( @percent@ ) remained in their initial group , but shifts between categories did occur in both directions.
the hypothesized positivity ratio group × time interaction emerged for each psychological health measure.
the majority of these older adults retained optimal positivity ratios over time and appeared to flourish.
in this review we will analyze different surgical techniques.
blepharoptosis of the upper eyelid is a common condition among patients presenting for oculoplastic surgery.
patient examination is important to distinguish these from other more infrequent types of ptosis , such as those neurogenic , myogenic and posttraumatic.
these latter cases may require specific therapeutic strategies.
ptosis can usually be corrected surgically.
the article discusses guidelines for the choice of intervention.
various different surgical techniques are also presented , together with results and complications.
mechanisms determining both functional rate of decline and the time of onset in aging remain elusive.
studies of the aging process especially those involving the comparison of long-lived individuals and young controls are fairly limited.
therefore , this research aims to determine the differential gene expression profile in related individuals from villages in pahang , malaysia.
study objectives : light exposure , particularly blue light , is being recognized as a potent mean to stimulate alertness and cognition in young individuals.
aging is associated with changes in alertness regulation and cognition.
whether the effect of light on cognitive brain function changes with aging is unknown , however.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : functional neuroimaging unit , university of montreal geriatric institute.
intervention : blue light administration.
results : results show that the older brain remains capable of showing sustained responses to light in several brain areas.
our findings provide the first indications that the effect of light on cognition may be reduced in healthy aging.
mutations in tar dna-binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) are associated with familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
consistently , this inhibition increases the expression of mutant tdp-43 in glial cells in mouse brains.
significant amelioration of motor and cognitive functions was revealed in young , but not aged , tx and cm groups.
fluorescent imaging in vivo and ex vivo revealed @number@ iodide-labeled hadscs in peripheral organs and brain after tbi.
spatiotemporal deposition of hadscs differed between young and aged rats , most notably reduced migration to the aged spleen.
altogether , hadscs are promising therapeutic cells for tbi , and lncrnas in the secretome is an important mechanism of cell therapy.
furthermore , hadscs showed reduced efficacy in aged rats , which may in part result from decreased homing of the cells to the spleen.
effective treatment can normalize these alterations.
this article provides a review of the current literature using structural and functional neuroimaging to identify mri predictors of treatment response in lld.
studies using fmri have reported that lower task-based activity in the prefrontal cortex and limbic regions was associated with poorer outcome.
these imaging markers may be integrated into clinical decision making to attain better treatment outcomes in the future.
data were prepared using tract-based spatial statistics , and a priori regions of interest ( rois ) were extracted from t1-based wm parcellations.
regions of interest included later myelinating frontal / temporal / parietal wm regions and control regions measured by fractional anisotropy ( fa ) .
there were no apoe group differences in dti for any roi.
results also showed apoe4 / diabetes risk interactions for wm underlying supramarginal , superior temporal , precuneus , superior parietal , and superior frontal regions.
limited research explores the experience of individuals with dementia in acute care geriatric psychiatry units.
purpose-built environments should be well suited to the needs of residents with dementia.
observed trends revealed differences in spatial behaviors in the pre- and post- environments attributable to the physical environment.
person-centred modifications to the current environment including concerted efforts to know residents are meaningful in fostering quality of life.
future research could also seek the opinions of staff about the impact of the environment on them as well as residents.
background : frail older people have a high risk of falling.
objective : assess the effect of a frailty intervention on risk factors for falls and fall rates in frail older people.
design : randomised controlled trial.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling people aged 70 + without severe cognitive impairment who met the cardiovascular health study frailty definition.
falls were monitored with calendars.
conclusion : the intervention improved performance on risk factors for falls but did not reduce the rate of falls.
trial registration : actrn12608000250336.
the global population is aging , with the over-65 age group expected to double in the usa by @number@
rhinosinusitis is a common disease that affects more than @number@ million people in the usa every year.
nasal obstruction is one of the most common symptoms in patients affected by rhinosinusitis.
an accurate nasal obstruction evaluation in the elderly is becoming of increasing interest for medical doctors , especially for geriatricians.
peak nasal inspiratory flow ( pnif ) is a cheap and easy method for assessing nasal patency.
the purpose of the study was to compare young old normal pnif values with older old normal pnif values.
charts relating pnif normal values in the elderly with various explanatory variables have been provided.
pnif measurements were performed in @number@ volunteers aged 65-84 years.
one hundred and five of them fulfilled the study criteria and were self-reported healthy elderly.
of them complained of nasal symptoms.
data were statistically analyzed and figures and tables were produced relating pnif to height , sex and age.
nasal obstruction in the elderly is a common problem and appropriate diagnosis and treatment are important for improving their quality of life.
the measurement of pnif could be useful in evaluating elderly patients who complain of nasal obstruction.
quantification of muscle protein synthesis ( mps ) remains a cornerstone for understanding the control of muscle mass.
after day @number@ biopsies , participants consumed a d2o bolus ( @number@ ml , @number@ atom% ) ; saliva was collected daily.
body water initially enriched at @number@ @date@ ape decayed at ~0.009% / day.
sps remained unchanged.
therefore , d2o has unrivaled utility to quantify day-to-day mps in humans and inform on short-term changes in anabolism and presumably catabolism alike.
bone fractures in dialysis patients have been poorly studied in the past.
a high frequency of fractures and increased adverse outcomes following a fracture were observed.
the nephrology community should pay more attention to bone fractures in dialysis patients.
key outcome variables for individuals with comorbid schizophrenia and diabetes were ed visits for diabetes , mental health-related conditions , and other causes.
most ed visits in all patients , but especially in patients with more comorbidities , were for causes other than diabetes or mental health-related conditions.
conclusion : most ed utilization by individuals with diabetes and schizophrenia is for increasing numbers of comorbidities rather than the index conditions.
improving care in this population will require management of both index conditions as well as comorbid ones.
patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) with tenascin-x deficiency ( cah-x syndrome ) have both endocrine imbalances and characteristic ehlers danlos syndrome phenotypes.
objective : micrornas ( mirnas ) play critical roles in cervical carcinogenesis.
common single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in pre / pri-mirnas may change their property through altering mirnas expression and / or maturation.
unconditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to estimate the association between these polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer.
we did not detect any association of the other two snps in pri-mir-26a-1 ( rs7372209 ) and pri-mir-100 ( rs1834306 ) with cervical cancer risk.
global estimates on aging predict an increased burden of asthma in the older population.
consequently , its recognition , diagnosis , and management in clinical practice require optimization.
aging impacts airway responses and immune function , and influences efficacy of emerging phenotype-specific therapies when applied to the elderly patient.
differentiating eosinophilic and neutrophilic disease accounts for atopic illness and distinguishes long-standing from late-onset asthma.
anticytokine therapies improve control of brittle asthma , while bronchial thermoplasty is an option in refractory cases.
background : the increased injury risk in older runners has been associated with alterations in muscle strength , flexibility , and gait biomechanics.
methods : thirty-five young ( 20-36yrs ) and @number@ older ( 55-71yrs ) recreational runners participated in the study.
measures of three-dimensional biomechanical data during treadmill running at @number@.7m / s and measures of muscle strength and flexibility were compared between groups.
a correlation analysis between biomechanical and clinical variables was also performed.
reduced hip , ankle and trunk excursions along with reduced knee and ankle positive work were found in older runners.
older runners also exhibited increased knee abduction impulse , ankle abduction impulse and vertical loading rates.
in contrast , older runners did not present a distal-to-proximal lower extremity joint moment redistribution.
interpretation : we observed age-related reduced strength and flexibility concomitant with alterations in running biomechanics , but a lack of correlation between these variables.
this finding hampers the use of single , or even a subset of characteristics to better understand age-related changes in runners.
the observed changes are complex and multivariate in nature.
clinicians will most likely have to monitor both clinical and biomechanical characteristics to optimize care.
however , future studies need to prospectively address what are biomechanical age-related risk factors in runners.
objective : to investigate the anti-aging effect of ginsenoside r1 in serial transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.
result : the hematopoietic reconstruction cells of female recipient mice were derived from male donor mice.
with the serial transplantation , the 30-day survival rate and the hematology in peripheral blood of recipient mice decreased.
the rg1 anti-aging group showed more significant changes than the rg1 -treated aging group.
conclusion : ginsenoside rg1 has the effect of delaying and treating sca-1 ( + ) hsc / hpc aging during the serial transplantation.
rg1 ' s anti-aging effect is superior to its effect of treating aging.
aim : the elderly are the major population receiving the implantation of a permanent pacemaker ( ppm ) .
infection is a devastating complication.
the present study is to verify the relationship between age and ppm implantation infection.
methods : all patients ( @number@ adult and @number@ elder patients ) received the implantation of ppm.
and the third sample was got after @percent@ nacl quick rinse.
and the tissue solutions were cultured.
if culture results are positive , it is considered as evidence of the presence of bacteria in pocket in operation of ppm implantation.
results : the data demonstrated that compared with that in the adult patients , subcutaneous bacterial survival rate was higher significantly in the elderly.
staphylococcus epidermidis is the major bacterial strain.
the rinse decreased subcutaneous bacterial survival rates in the adult group.
conclusion : with the age increasing , ppm implantation might be easier to result in infection.
simple rinse can prevent implantation infection significantly.
however , age alleviated the protective effects of rinse.
therefore , we should pay more attention to post implantation infection in the elderly.
the results of observational studies support a dose-dependent neuroprotective relationship between physical exercise and cognitive performance in older adults.
although some clinical trials of exercise interventions demonstrate positive effects of exercise on cognitive performance , other trials show minimal to no effect.
although further research is needed , physical exercise interventions aimed at improving brain health through neuroprotective mechanisms show promise for preserving cognitive performance.
exercise programs that are structured , individualized , higher intensity , longer duration , and multicomponent show promise for preserving cognitive performance in older adults.
background : hip fractures in the elderly population are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
however , there is still a lack of information on mortality and loss of independence in extremely elderly people with a hip fracture.
objective : to study functional outcomes and mortality after osteosynthesis of hip fractures in very old patients in our clinic.
outcome measures were mortality , preoperative and postoperative mobility , and loss of independence.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) women , median age @number@.5±2.45 years.
short-term survival was @percent@ and @percent@ at @number@ days and @number@ months , respectively.
long-term survival was @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years after surgery , respectively.
survival was significantly better in patients with lower asa scores ( p = 0.005 ) .
no significant difference in survival was measured between patients according to cci score ( p = 0.13 ) .
asa classification is the best predictive value for overall mortality.
a large proportion of these patients lost their independence after osteosynthesis of a hip fracture.
methods : a prospective cohort study was undertaken.
participants were @number@ older people , dependent in adl , living in residential care facilities , @number@ ( @percent@ ) of whom had diagnosed dementia.
associations were also investigated between differences in barthel adl index and gds-15 scores , and in barthel adl index and pgcms scores.
there were no interaction effects for dementia.
the liver experiences various changes with aging that could affect clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with liver diseases.
both liver volume and blood flow decrease significantly with age.
these changes and decreased cytochrome p450 activity can affect drug metabolism , increasing susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury.
these changes in immune functions could alter the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases , as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
moreover , elderly patients have significantly decreased reserve functions of various organs , reducing their tolerability to treatments for liver diseases.
caffeic acid ( ca ) is a phenolic compound that is frequently present in fruits , grains , and dietary supplements.
ca was found to diminish nitric oxide ( no ) and prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) production in lps-stimulated raw264.7 cells.
in a direct kinase assay , ca was revealed to directly inhibit irak1 and irak4.
ca also ameliorated hcl / etoh-induced gastric symptoms via the suppression of jnk , irak1 , and irak4.
therefore , our data strongly suggest that ca acts as an anti-inflammatory drug by directly suppressing irak1 and irak4.
we consider the problem of monitoring and comparing medical outcomes , such as surgical performance , over time.
performance is subject to change due to a variety of reasons including patient heterogeneity , learning , deteriorating skills due to aging , etc.
for instance , we expect inexperienced surgeons to improve their skills with practice.
we propose a graphical method to monitor surgical performance that incorporates risk adjustment to account for patient heterogeneity.
the procedure gives more weight to recent outcomes and down-weights the influence of outcomes further in the past.
the chart is clinically interpretable as it plots an estimate of the failure rate for a \ "standard \ " patient.
the chart also includes a measure of uncertainty in this estimate.
we can implement the method using historical data or start from scratch.
we illustrate the proposed method with an example from cardiac surgery.
results : forty percent of older adults used e-mail or text messaging and @percent@ used the internet.
after adjustment for sociodemographic and health characteristics , technology use decreased significantly with greater limitations in physical capacity and greater disability.
vision impairment and memory limitations were also associated with lower likelihood of technology use.
implications : technology usage in u.s. older adults varied significantly by sociodemographic and health status.
prevalence of technology use differed by the type of disability and activity-limiting impairments.
increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is one of the consequences of the current obesity epidemic.
nafld is a major form of chronic liver disease that is highly prevalent in obese and overweight adults and children.
however , it remains to be elucidated as to whether lycopene or its metabolites apolycopenoids have protective effects against obesity-related complications including inflammation and tumorigenesis.
this article summarizes the in vivo experiments that elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis.
this review also provides an overview of lycopene metabolism , and the molecular pathways involved in the potential beneficial properties of lycopene and apolycopenoids.
more research is clearly needed to fully unravel the importance of bcos in tomato carotenoid metabolism and the consequence on human health and diseases.
our analytic sample comprises @number@ chinese respondents and @number@ korean respondents aged 45-79.
results : the proportions of grandparents providing childcare to grandchildren differ considerably between china ( @percent@ ) and south korea ( @percent@ ) .
still , the determinants of grandparents ' involvement in childcare ( e.g. , age , geographic proximity ) are fairly similar in both countries.
we find no such evidence in our chinese sample.
in the elderly , degenerative changes in the lumbar spine are common , contributing to falsely elevated bone mineral density ( bmd ) values.
the study included @number@ swedish women aged @number@ years from the population-based opra cohort who attended follow-up at @number@ and @number@ years.
six snps in pth and @number@ snps each in pth1r , pth2r and pthlh were analysed.
no association was observed between degenerative manifestations and variation in the other genes.
of the pth hormone system genes were associated with vertebral fracture.
variation in the pth2r gene ( chr2q34 , rs897083 ) may contribute to the age-associated degenerative manifestations that develop at the lumbar spine.
syntgsod1 ( - / - ) mice expressed cuznsod in brain , spinal cord , and peripheral nerve , but not in other tissues.
we hypothesized that exercise and isoflavone supplementation ( ex + iso ) could reduce inflammation in the same subpopulation of women.
inflammatory markers ( crp , tumor necrosis factor-α [ tnf-α ] , and interleukin-6 ) were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
t tests were used to compare groups at baseline.
background : knowledge about hiv infection in older persons is becoming increasingly important.
in addition , cellular proliferation and cytokine secretion properties were determined.
impaired cd4⁺ t-cell composition persisted in patients who initiated cart at < 350 cd4⁺ t cells per microliter.
in patients with cd4⁺ t cells ≥ @number@ per microliter , alterations were less pronounced and were reversible with cart.
compared with age-matched controls , total cd4⁺ t-cell counts did not differ between treated younger and older hiv-infected patients.
age-related changes in cd4⁺ t-cell composition can be prevented by an early initiation of cart.
restorative strategies after stroke are focused on the remodeling of cerebral endothelial cells and brain parenchymal cells.
following focal cerebral ischemia , brain capillary cells are enabled to sprout.
neural precursor cells proliferate and migrate along cerebral microvessels to the ischemic lesion.
until now , a large majority of studies have been performed in young , otherwise healthy animals.
we claim that age aspects should more carefully be taken into consideration in translational proof-of-concept studies.
objective : to investigate a pathological continuity between ftld-tdp and als by comparing their respective neuropathological changes in the motor neuron system.
we included @number@ patients with sporadic ftld-tdp , type a , b , or c , from @number@ consecutively autopsied patients with tdp-43 proteinopathy.
main outcomes and measures : neuronal tdp-43 pathological changes and neuronal loss.
results : forty-three patients were included in the clinical analysis , and @number@ from whom spinal cords were obtained were included in the neuropathological analysis.
survival time was significantly shorter in the ftld-als and als-ftld groups than in the ftld without als group ( p < @number@ ) .
at neuropathological examination , @percent@ of patients in the ftld without als group showed aggregations of tdp-43 in the spinal motor neurons.
the lmn loss was most severe in als-ftld , followed by ftld-als and ftld without als.
lower motor neuron loss and tdp-43-positive skeinlike inclusions were observed in all pathological subtypes.
conclusions and relevance : the lmn systems of ftld-tdp frequently exhibit neuropathological changes corresponding to als.
thus , a pathological continuity between ftld-tdp and als is supported at the level of the lmn system.
background : long-term care administrators ( administrators ) can influence the care nursing home residents receive.
however , little research has examined what factors of administrators are associated with how they influence care.
purposes : in this research , the association between administrators ' education and quality of nursing home care is examined.
in addition , the association between state educational and training requirements and quality of nursing home care is examined.
findings : positive , statistically significant associations were found between the education level of administrators and all five quality indicators.
likewise , positive statistically significant associations were found between state educational requirements and state training requirements and the five quality indicators.
practice implications : if these associations hold true , then promoting further educational attainment of individual administrators may influence quality of care.
the state educational requirements and training requirements for administrators ' licensure may represent an additional means of influencing the quality of care in nursing homes.
salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect , minimally invasive , and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress.
surface electromyography was used to evaluate motor unit action potential for each muscle in each of six eyebrow movements.
details on statistical analysis are described in the text.
results : in both age groups , corrugator supercilii muscle activity was the highest for all six movements.
frontalis muscle activity was highest with maximal frowning but not with maximal eye opening.
orbicularis oculi muscle activity was significantly greater in the older age group than in the younger age group for most actions.
for youthful eyebrows , attenuation of the depressor muscle may restore the muscle balance in treatments for eyebrow rejuvenation.
in contrast to other datasets and due to the continuous nature of the regression there is no need for data sub-categorization.
in further contrast , previous datasets have been presented in tabulated form , which is impractical for spatially-dense data.
instead an interactive tool was built to visualize the regression model in an accessible way for cfr practitioners as well as anatomists.
the tool is free to the community and forms a base for data contributions to augment the model and its future use in practice.
objective : to examine the associations between adhd and social functioning and participation among older adults.
method : data were used from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) .
in 2008 / 2009 , respondents were asked about social functioning and participation.
a diagnostic interview to diagnose adhd was administered among a subsample ( n = @number@ age 60-94 years ) .
adhd diagnosis and level of adhd symptoms were assessed.
results : adhd diagnosis was associated with being divorced / never married , having less family members in their network , and emotional loneliness.
conclusion : adhd in old age is related to being divorced / never married and loneliness but not to work participation.
psycho geriatric practices should direct their attention to loneliness when treating adhd.
previous studies on sustained attention ability in the elderly produced inconsistent results.
results showed that in the tft sart only the older group exhibited a vigilance decrement.
on the contrary , only young individuals showed a vigilance decrement in the go / no-go sart.
methods : data was used from the 2001-2003 national survey of american life ( nsal ) .
all measures including neighborhood characteristics , height , and weight were self-reported.
these associations remained significant after adjusting for leisure-time physical activity.
race / ethnicity appeared to modify the association between involvement in clubs , associations , or help groups and obesity.
background : the integration of mental and neurologic services in healthcare is a global priority.
the screening followed a tiered three-step approach , with increasing specificity.
step @number@ ( for those failing step @number@ ) was a 10-item version of the unified parkinson disease rating scale and the mini-mental state examination.
screening parameters and disease prevalence were calculated.
based on international data , pd prevalence was @number@ times higher than expected ; ad prevalence was as expected.
conclusion : proposed protocol adjustments will increase test specificity and reduce administration time.
a routine screening program is feasible within the public healthcare system of costa rica.
objective : to analyze the measles immunity level of persistent population in beijing.
demographic characteristics , history of measles and vaccine immunization were investigated by questionnaire.
@number@ ml blood sample of each subject was collected , and the measles igg antibody was measured by elisa assay.
results : positive rate of measles antibody was @percent@ ( 1800 / 2125 ) and standardized positive rate was @percent@ .
the difference showed statistical significance ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ h = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the dual mechanisms of control account posited two qualitatively different cognitive control mechanisms ( braver , gray , & burgess , @number@ ) .
prior research has demonstrated age-related deficits in proactive control , including in conflict tasks.
als causes muscle wasting and atrophy , resulting eventually in respiratory failure and death within 3-5 years of diagnosis.
vitamin d is a potent secosteroid hormone with diverse biological functions that include protection against neuronal damage.
the detrimental consequences of vitamin d dietary deficiency have been documented in other neurodegenerative diseases.
however , the protective effect of vitamin d on motoneuron and the influence of its levels on disease course remains elusive.
our findings support a neuroprotective function of vitamin d on motoneurons and propose vitamin d as a reliable prognostic factor of als.
the current review considers one possible neural network , which may contribute to cognitive reserve.
it is proposed that this set of processes is one plausible candidate for partially mediating the protective effects of cognitive reserve.
the role of trem2 in younger , asymptomatic individuals is unknown.
thirteen individuals carried the t risk allele.
there was no significant association between trem2 carrier status and cognitive function or decline.
the ggggcc-hexanucleotide repeat expansion in c9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
furthermore , we determined the sensitivity and specificity of southern blotting of the c9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat in dna derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines.
we found hints for a correlation between c9orf72 repeat length and the age of onset.
age-associated white matter degeneration has been well documented and is likely an important mechanism contributing to cognitive decline in older adults.
recent work has explored a range of noninvasive neuroimaging procedures to differentially highlight alterations in the tissue microenvironment.
prominent effects were found in prefrontal and association white matter compared with relatively preserved primary motor and visual areas.
it is possible that the specific multivariate patterns of age-associated changes measured are representative of different types of microstructural pathology.
these results suggest that dki provides important complementary indices of brain microstructure for the study of brain aging and neurologic disease.
objective : to explore the trend and characteristics of cardiovascular disease mortality in china.
methods : mortality data from the national disease surveillance system from @number@ to @number@ was used.
underreporting was adjusted and trends were analyzed on the rates of crude mortality , standardized mortality and causes of death fraction among cardiovascular diseases.
after eliminating the effect of aging , the trend remained the same but the slope was decreasing.
the proportion of national cardiovascular mortality on total deaths increased annually by @percent@ to @percent@ from @number@ to @number@
the proportion of cerebrovascular disease remained unchanging but the proportion of ischemic heart disease showed a significant increase.
the proportion of rheumatic heart disease declined while the proportion of other cardiovascular disease mortality showing a slight change.
conclusion : in recent years , the cardiovascular mortality had significantly increased , which was mainly due to the increase of ischemic heart disease mortality.
this article describes a council on social work education ( cswe ) gero-ed center bel project's activities and reports its final outcomes.
significant increases in perceived proficiency in these competencies occurred , as did significant decreases in negative attitudes toward older people and working with older adults.
qualitative data supported these results.
findings suggest social work educators utilize a combination of classroom-based and experiential learning to maximize student development.
background : the c677t polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( mthfr ) has been associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) .
however , results were conflicting.
the aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for the mthfrc677t polymorphism and all risk.
results : case-control studies including @number@ cases and @number@ controls were identified.
@number@ ) did not suggest an association.
conclusion : this meta-analysis supports the idea that the mthfr c677t genotype is associated with risk of all in caucasians.
the redox reactions involving oxidants and antioxidants play a key role in many biochemical pathways and cellular biosynthesis and regulation processes at the molecular level.
normally , there is the balance between oxidative and reductive processes in the organism.
if oxidative processes are prevalent , it will result in oxidative stress.
it leads to damage of many biological structures , resulting in impairment of many processes at the molecular level.
lipids and proteins are most sensitive to oxidative stress structures.
lipid oxidation can result in degradation of the cell membrane , whereas the oxidation of proteins can result in a change of their properties.
it is suggested that oxidative processes accompany inflammation and affect their growth.
this situation can lead to a number of serious diseases such as tumors.
many scientists claim that oxidative stress causes many pathological conditions.
enzymes and antioxidants , which are one of the body's defenses , can prevent oxidative processes.
the european innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing ( eip on aha ) has prioritized noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) .
an innovative integrated health system built around medical systems and strategic partnerships is proposed to combat ncds.
information and communication technology ( ict ) is needed for the implementation of integrated care in a medical systems approach.
the teaching hospital of montpellier has set up the clinic and uses ip-soins as an ict tool.
patients with ncds will be referred to the chronic disease clinic of the hospital by a primary care physician.
this paper reviews the complexity of ncds intertwined with ageing.
it gives an overview of the problem.
hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) is a prevalent condition among persons with hiv resulting in cognitive impairments that may impact daily functioning.
hiv-infected participants scored significantly lower than the hiv-negative group on all measures of np testing and also reported receiving ssr at a higher rate.
np test performance did not correlate with the number of ssr among hiv-negative participants.
supplemental security income ( ssi ) was the most commonly utilized social service among hiv-infected.
receiving ssi was associated on multivariate analysis with poorer np performance independent of lack of full time work , or nadir cd4 count.
poorer np performance among hiv-infected individuals is associated with increased risk for social services.
interventions to address causes of cognitive dysfunction in this population may decrease demand for social services.
in contrast , combined fss magnitude and frequency abnormalities essentially maintained valvular homeostasis.
the pathological response under supra-physiologic fss magnitude peaked at @number@ hours but was then maintained until the 72-hour time point.
aging of biological systems is controlled by various processes which have a potential impact on gene expression.
here we report a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the fungal aging model podospora anserina.
total rna of three individuals of defined age were pooled and analyzed by supersage ( serial analysis of gene expression ) .
a bioinformatics analysis identified different molecular pathways to be affected during aging.
transcript profiles associated with the energy metabolism including mitochondrial functions were identified to fluctuate during aging.
here we examine whether this pattern is detectable in 5-year-old children from the healthy population.
test-retest reliability was assessed in @number@ children.
ninety-eight percent of the children managed to complete all measures.
discrimination of visual and auditory stimuli were good.
the results are discussed in light of contemporary models of attention function.
given the potential advantages of early intervention for attention difficulties , the findings are of clinical as well as theoretical interest.
associations between polymorphic loci , genotypes , and longevity were analyzed.
associations between mtdna c5178a and a10398g polymorphisms with longevity in the centenarian group with mtdna genotype frequencies 5178a and 10398g were @percent@ and @percent@.
however , age-related pulmonary changes may negatively influence the delivery of inhaled medications to the small airways.
nebulizers should be considered for patients unable to use handheld inhalers properly.
what follows is a review of issues associated with copd and its treatment in the elderly patient.
purpose : trauma is a common cause of admission to the hospital emergency department.
the most frequent sites of injury were the lower extremity , thorax , upper extremity , and head.
the femur was the most frequent fracture site.
after evaluation in the emergency department , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) were hospitalized.
there were @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) who died.
conclusion : emergency department admission after trauma in patients aged ≥65 years is common after low-energy falls , and most injuries occur to the extremities.
it is important to focus on prevention of falls to decrease the frequency of trauma in the elderly.
erythrocytes were incubated with ptx in the presence and absence of nar.
incubation of erythrocytes with ptx resulted in increased protein carbonyl content and malondialdehyde and hemolysis percentage compared with control.
in contrast , reduced glutathione / oxidized glutathione ratio and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were decreased upon ptx treatment.
the simultaneous incubation of erythrocytes with ptx and nar restored these variables to values similar to those of control erythrocytes.
these results suggest that nar inhibited ptx-induced aging by lessening the ptx-induced oxidative stress.
reliable and valid tools are available for health care providers to screen older adults for fall risk.
however , the ability of community providers to administer screens is not known.
this project examines community providers ' ability to proficiently administer a fall risk screening following a standardized training.
forty community providers were trained and then performed community screenings.
knowledge and confidence were assessed with pre- and postsurveys.
a standardized skills checklist assessed proficiency in fall risk screening administration immediate posttraining and at onsite community screenings.
knowledge and confidence surveys demonstrated improvements pre- and posttraining ( p < @number@ ) .
in all , @percent@ of participants demonstrated screening skill proficiency at their first onsite screening.
with further coaching , @percent@ participants demonstrated proficiency by their third onsite screening.
participants achieving early proficiency were on average younger.
community providers can reliably administer a fall risk screening algorithm with training and coaching.
mutations in a-type nuclear lamins cause laminopathies.
however , genotype-phenotype correlations using the @number@ missense mutations within the lmna gene are unclear : partially due to the limited availability of three-dimensional structure.
intriguingly , the remaining @number@ mutations clustered , had higher surface exposure , and did not affect stability.
although buried , the @number@ cardiac mutations had no other consistent properties.
thus , this subgroup of skeletal muscle laminopathies that we term the ' skeletal muscle cluster' , may have a distinct pathological mechanism.
these novel associations refine the ability to predict clinical features caused by certain lmna missense mutations.
mutations in several genes encoding nuclear envelope ( ne ) associated proteins cause emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy ( edmd ) .
the defects were more severe than observed in edmd cells with mutations in a single gene.
in particular , in patient fibroblasts carrying the p.a203v mutation in sun1 , the alterations were aggravated.
unlabelled : p63 , a p53 family member , plays pivotal roles in epidermal development , aging , and tumorigenesis.
thus , understanding how p63 expression is controlled has biological and clinical importance.
rbm24 is an rna-binding protein and shares a high sequence similarity with rbm38 , a critical regulator of p63.
in this study , we investigated whether rbm24 is capable of regulating p63 expression.
indeed , we found that ectopic expression of rbm24 decreased , whereas knockdown of rbm24 increased , the levels of p63 transcript and protein.
taken together , our data provide evidence that rbm24 is a novel regulator of p63 via mrna stability.
this study investigated the effects of early- to midlife musical training on cognition in older adults.
a musical training survey examined self-reported musical experience and objective knowledge in @number@ cognitively intact participants.
responses were classified into low- , medium- , and high-knowledge groups.
results indicate that high-knowledge participants had significantly higher lmi scores at baseline and over time compared to low-knowledge participants.
the ant scores did not differ among the groups.
ability to read music was associated with higher mean scores for both ant and lmi over time.
early- to midlife musical training may be associated with improved late-life episodic and semantic memory as well as a useful marker of cognitive reserve.
background : we investigated the viability of psychometrically robust executive function measures as markers for premanifest huntington's disease ( hd ) .
methods : fifteen premanifest hd subjects and @number@ controls were compared on the nih examiner executive function battery.
the scores were correlated with two disease markers , disease burden and striatal volumes , in the premanifest hd subjects.
results : the premanifest hd subjects scored significantly lower on the working memory score.
the executive composite positively correlated with striatal volumes , and the working memory score negatively correlated with disease burden.
the cognitive control and fluency scores did not differ between the groups or correlate significantly with the disease markers.
we repeated the survey in @number@ to consider whether the situation had improved.
method : the deans of all @number@ uk medical schools were invited to nominate a respondent with an overview of their undergraduate curriculum.
results : one school only taught pre-clinical medicine and declined to participate.
of the @number@ remaining schools , @number@ responded and @number@ provided analysable data.
only @percent@ of the schools taught about elder abuse.
thirty-seven per cent taught a recognised classification of the domains of health used in comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) .
the median ( range ) total time spent on teaching in ageing and geriatric medicine was @number@ ( 26-192 ) h.
there was less reliance on informal teaching and improved assessment : teaching ratios compared with the @number@ survey.
conclusions : there was an improvement in teaching and assessment of learning outcomes in ageing and geriatric medicine for uk undergraduates between @number@ and @number@
objectives / hypothesis : presbyphonia is common among elderly individuals , yet few studies have evaluated behavioral treatment approaches for presbyphonia.
the secondary aim was to determine if differences in adherence and treatment satisfaction existed between the two therapy approaches.
study design : prospective , randomized , controlled.
additionally , participants receiving treatment completed weekly practice logs and a posttreatment satisfaction questionnaire.
results : preliminary data revealed vfe and phorte groups demonstrated a significant improvement in v-rqol scores.
however , only phorte demonstrated a significant reduction in ppe , as suggested by the study's causal model.
the ctl group did not demonstrate significant changes.
numerically , vfe registered slightly greater adherence to home practice recommendations than did phorte , but phorte perceived greater treatment satisfaction than vfe.
setting : : prospective cohort analysis within the european male ageing study.
participants : : @number@ community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years at baseline.
results : : a total of @number@ men died during a median of @number@ years of follow-up.
in the covariate analysis , linear functions , power functions , and a power function with a bodyweight-dependent exponent were tested.
no other covariates such as age were identified.
a pharmacokinetic model for paracetamol characterizing changes in pharmacokinetic parameters across the pediatric age-range was developed.
clearance was found to change in a nonlinear manner with bodyweight.
based on the final model , dosing guidelines are proposed from preterm neonates to adolescents resulting in similar exposure across all age ranges.
monitoring of oxidative modification or oxidative damages of biomolecules may therefore be essential for the understanding of aging , and age-related diseases.
n-epsilon-hexanoyl-lysine ( hel ) is a novel lipid peroxidation biomarker which is derived from the oxidation of omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid.
in this chapter , development of hel elisa and its applications are reported.
assay range of hel elisa was 2-700 nmol / l , and showed good linearity and reproducibility.
accuracy of this assay was validated by recovery test and absorption test.
by sample pretreatment with proteases , hel was successfully detected in oxidized ldl , oxidized serum , and rat serum.
however , a mechanistic or an observational connection between them has never been investigated in the disease.
25 ( oh ) d and no x levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometrically using griess reaction , respectively.
no notably decreased with decreasing 25 ( oh ) d concentration in patients.
conclusion : results suggest that vitd increases no production and inducible no synthase expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes possibly leading to a protective effect.
telomeres maintain chromosome stability and cell replicative capacity.
telomere shortening occurs concomitant with aging.
short telomeres are associated with some diseases , such as dyskeratosis congenita , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , and aplastic anemia.
telomeres are longer in pluripotent stem cells than in somatic cells and lengthen significantly during preimplantation development.
furthermore , telomere elongation during somatic cell reprogramming is of great importance in the acquisition of authentic pluripotency.
telomere related diseases are also discussed in this review.
men have higher prevalences of colorectal neoplasms than women.
in case of a positive gfobt result , participants are referred to colonoscopy , independent of sex.
we conducted model calculations to estimate prevalences among gfobt negative individuals.
analogous model calculations were performed for women and men tested positive or negative with fecal immunochemical tests.
model calculations suggest that men with negative gfobt likewise have substantially higher prevalences of colorectal neoplasms than gfobt positive women in each age group.
model calculations further indicate that no such sex paradoxon occurs , and a much clearer risk stratification can be achieved with fecal immunochemical tests.
our findings underline need to move forward from and overcome shortcomings of gfobt-based colorectal cancer screening.
adhesive capsulitis is , in most cases , a self-limiting condition of poorly understood etiology that results in shoulder pain and large mobility deficits.
the socio-economic burden will increase as with continuous aging of our population.
in addition , both prevalence and incidence figures of adhesive capsulitis are increasing.
no literature overview solely focuses on the physiotherapeutic options in patients with adhesive capsulitis and their scientific evidence.
but up to now the involvement of central sensitization in adhesive capsulitis has not been studied yet and remains speculative.
guidelines for clinical assessment will be presented in this scoping review.
all participants performed two maximal grip attempts.
handgrip data were recorded as force-time curves , peak force , and explosive force parameters.
our findings suggest that the aging process reduces the explosive grip force-generating capacity before affecting peak force.
purpose : to determine the association between glaucoma and travel away from home.
location data were used to evaluate the number of daily excursions away from home as well as daily time spent away from home.
better-eye vf mean deviation ( md ) averaged @number@ decibels ( db ) in controls and @number@ db in glaucoma subjects.
time spent away from home did not significantly differ between the glaucoma subjects and suspects ( p = @number@ ) .
however , each 5-db decrement in the better-eye md was associated with @percent@ less time away ( @percent@ ci , @number@ to @percent@ ) .
objective.
previous studies have shown that depression is a precursor / prodrome or susceptible state for the development of dementia.
methods.
a total of @number@ depressed subjects and @number@ non-depressed community controls were recruited.
results.
a higher proportion of depressed cdr @number@ subjects had cdr and functional decline than their non-depressed counterparts.
depressed cdr @number@ subjects had significantly higher rates of functional decline and lower rates of improvement in cdr than their non-depressed counterparts.
conclusion.
the association between depression and the risk of cdr decline and dementia was observed in non-demented chinese subjects.
depression was also associated with persistent mild cognitive deficits in cdr @number@ subjects.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative pathology with relevant unmet therapeutic needs.
however , recent clinical trials in mild-to-moderately affected patients have been inconclusive regarding the real efficacy of dha in halting this disease.
here , we show that the novel hydroxyl-derivative of dha ( 2-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid - ohdha ) has a strong therapeutic potential to treat ad.
furthermore , ohdha enhanced the survival of neuron-like differentiated cells exposed to different insults , such as oligomeric aβ and nmda-mediated neurotoxicity.
finally , the ohdha concentrations used here did not produce relevant toxicity in zebrafish embryos in vivo.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : membrane structure and function : relevance in the cell's physiology , pathology and therapy.
physical activity has been proposed as one of the most effective strategies to prevent cognitive decline.
protein supplementation may exert an additive effect.
two 24-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled intervention studies were carried out in parallel.
in both studies , subjects were randomly allocated to either a protein ( 2×15 g daily ) or a placebo drink.
there were no significant differences among the intervention groups on the other cognitive tests or domain scores.
it is well established that the risk to develop neurodegenerative disorders increases with chronological aging.
a-type lamins are components of the lamina network at the nuclear envelope , which mediates nuclear stiffness and anchors chromatin to the nuclear periphery.
however , a-type lamins are also found in the nuclear interior.
these findings support the hypothesis that lap2α and nucleoplasmic lamins are regulators of adult stem cell function and tissue homeostasis.
this study examined the age-related subsequent memory effect ( sme ) in perceptual and semantic encoding using event-related potentials ( erps ) .
the two tasks had similar levels of difficulty.
the participants made studied or unstudied judgments during the recognition phase.
between-group analyses showed larger frontal and central smes in the younger sample in the lpc latency regardless of encoding type.
aging effect appears to be stronger on influencing perceptual than semantic encoding processes.
the effects seem to be associated with a decline in updating and maintaining representations during perceptual encoding.
the age-related decline in the encoding function may be due in part to changes in frontal lobe function.
key components of the linc complex are the nesprins ( nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins ) that were initially described as large integral ne proteins.
however , nesprin genes are complex and generate many variants , which occupy various sub-cellular compartments suggesting additional functions.
hence , the potential involvement of nesprins in disease has expanded immensely on what we already know.
that is , nesprins are implicated in diseases such as cancer , myopathies , arthrogryposis , neurological disorders and hearing loss.
specifically , we speculate about possible pathomechanisms underlying nesprin-associated diseases.
sharing an intense transgenomic metabolism with the host , the intestinal microbiota is an essential factor for several aspects of the human physiology.
the gastric concentrations of cytokines representative of the innate and th1 response were higher in the h. pylori-positive than in the -negative children and adults.
concluding , th1 response to h. pylori infection varies according to the age and seems to have determinant implication in the h. pylori infection outcomes.
here , we show that geneoptimizer software program-assisted , reengineered srage cdna enhances the recombinant protein expression in cho cells.
the cdna sequence encoding human srage was optimized for rna structure , stability , and codon usages in cho cells.
we found that such optimization augmented srage expression over @number@ folds of its wild-type counterpart.
we also studied how individual parameter impacted srage autologous expression in cho cells , and whether srage bioactivity was compromised.
we found that the enhanced expression appeared not to affect srage n-glycosylation and bioactivity.
optimization of srage expression provides a basis for future large-scale production of this protein to meet medical needs.
ferulic acid ( fa ) belongs to the family of phenolic acids and is very abundant in fruits and vegetables.
new efforts and resources are needed in clinical research for the complete evaluation of fa therapeutic potential in chronic diseases.
with advancing age , a decline in the main sensory modalities including touch sensation and perception is well reported to occur.
we also discuss appropriate tools and experimental models available to study the age-related tactile decline.
ageing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease.
methods : we conducted a prospective study in @number@ consecutive patients aged @number@ years and over , converted from fluindione to warfarin.
patients who were retained for the analysis were those for whom maintenance dosages were obtained for both vitamin k antagonists.
results : eighty-two patients , mean aged @number@ ± @number@ years , were analysed.
using a linear regression model , we built a transition algorithm for the maintenance dosages of warfarin and fluindione.
neuroimaging analyses have revealed distinct distributions of disease in ftld patients with genetic mutations.
however , genetic influences on neuroanatomic structure in sporadic ftld have not been assessed.
magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed that rs8070723 ( mapt ) was associated with gray matter variance in the temporal cortex.
identified brain regions and snps may help provide an in vivo screen for underlying pathology in ftld and contribute to our understanding of sporadic ftld.
the result of this ageing process leads to an increase in pulse wave velocity and widening of pulse pressure.
these hemodynamic changes are associated with an increased incidence in cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) and strokes.
recently , an inverse relationship with stroke risk was noted when the dbp was < 71 mm hg in persons older than @number@ years.
up-regulation of notch4 was observed in the endothelial cells in the arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) in mice.
however , whether notch4 is also involved in brain avms in humans remains unclear.
our findings suggest a possible contribution of notch4 signalling to the development of brain avms in human.
chi-square analyses for trend in rehabilitation content across age bands and additional analyses were performed.
results : the three most common diagnoses were nystagmus ( @percent@ ) , cerebral visual impairment ( @percent@ ) and albinism ( @percent@ ) .
for children ≥7 years , significantly more goals were identified on activity and participation ( a & p ) domains ( @percent@ ) .
regression analysis showed that both age and visual acuity significantly contributed to the number of a and p goals.
conclusion : although analyses were based on a selection of patient records , the number and nature of rehabilitation goals differ significantly with age.
many a and p goals seem underrepresented at the intake procedure , for example : communication , peer interaction and participating in leisure activities.
in addition , trisomies have been shown to disrupt normal epigenetic marks across the genome , perhaps in response to changes in gene dosage.
in addition we examined dna methylation at the app gene itself , to see whether there were changes in dna methylation in this population.
using the illumina infinium @number@ k human methylation array , we examined more than @number@ cpg sites distributed across the genome in buccal epithelial cells.
results : we found @number@ cpgs to be differentially methylated between the groups , including @number@ cpgs that overlap with clusters of differentially methylated probes.
conclusions : overall , our results indicated that both trisomy @number@ and cognitive impairment were associated with distinct patterns of dna methylation.
aim : to determine whether self-perceived driving confidence levels are lower in the post-stroke driving population than their aged-matched non-stroke driving peers.
a lack of driving confidence has been linked to self-limiting driving behaviours.
conclusion : stroke survivors who return to driving have no differences in their driving confidence to their aged-matched non-stroke driving peers.
timely recognition of lack of driving confidence might allow for appropriately targeted intervention strategies and prevent premature driving cessation.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are frequently used due to perceived safety , relatively low cost and over-the-counter availability.
this brief review describes the necessity for , but risks of , nsaids in the older patient.
conclusions : pain complaints are common in the older population.
low back pain and osteoarthritis affects over two thirds of this group.
patients and clinicians are increasingly wary about treatment since no medication appears to be safe.
older patients opting for no treatment may have worsening function including decreased sleep , mobility , socialization , and increased depression.
ninety percent of all prescription nsaids are taken by patients over @number@
nsaids can be an effective treatment option for many older persons but caution should be exercised in this often fragile population.
conclusions : literature-based and professional society guidelines provides clinicians with means optimize efficacy and safety of nsaids in clinical practice.
summary recommendations are provided in this review.
results : older people wanted to be included as full citizens in community life with their contributions acknowledged , including as carers.
they wanted high quality , accessible and respectful services that supported their independence and over which they had control.
they wanted fair and transparent funding arrangements and care that caters for diversity in australia's older people.
they wanted reform to be soon and to have bipartisan support.
conclusion : this paper provides consumer perspectives to inform aged care policy , practice and research in australia.
methods : stakeholders were interviewed.
a survey was administered to all health / medical students and teachers at the university of western australia.
an iterative process was used to develop modules , and user feedback was collated.
results : the educational needs of each discipline related primarily to foundation level knowledge in major aged care topics.
stakeholders sought modules incorporating communication skills , cultural and social issues and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to aged care.
students from all disciplines sought online materials that are interactive , engaging , case-based and locally relevant.
online modules were developed.
evaluation of the modules by users has been strongly positive.
conclusion : there was consensus regarding the major curricular areas that online resources should encompass.
the e-ageing modules developed in this project have been evaluated positively by users.
objective : to report the long-term safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxina in patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines.
the rate of teaes did not increase over @number@ months of repeated treatment ( mean @number@ cycles ; range 1-9 ) .
treatment-related eyelid ptosis followed @number@ of @number@ ( @percent@ ) treatments , all of which resolved spontaneously.
results : overall , no association was observed between et and the mapt h1 haplotype.
aims : to explore perspectives of three groups concerning transfers from aged care facilities to emergency departments.
methods : semi-structured interviews of @number@ residents , @number@ relatives and @number@ staff with content analysis of interview transcripts.
results : the three groups substantially differed in their involvement with initiating , and attitudes towards , transfer.
residents were least likely to be involved in the decision , yet most likely to support transfer.
staff felt conflicted between their desire to provide optimal treatment for one ill resident , and their obligations to other residents under care.
staff perspectives were largely consistent with published data , but we describe new results for other informant groups.
conclusions : group expectations and preferences differ substantially.
service delivery to meet all preferences presents a challenge for health service design.
background : preterm infants may have cardiac stress related to patent ductus arteriosus ( pda ) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( bpd ) .
both were assigned retrospectively.
infants who developed bpd had significantly lower rv free wall pss on days @number@ and @number@ ( p < @number@ and < 0.05 ) .
hspda resulted in a significantly lower pss in the lv free wall as of day @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
the merits of such measurements as a basis for making clinical decisions still need to be explored.
one important goal of driving research is the development of a short but valid office-based screening test for fitness to drive of aging drivers.
several candidate tests have been proposed already , and no doubt others will be proposed in the future.
unfortunately , driving researchers have frequently failed to report any screening test properties.
an increasing number of australia's ageing population are aging with long-term physical impairments.
this study explored the life experiences of this group using a qualitative approach.
in-depth interviews were conducted with @number@ disabled victorians , aged between @number@ and @number@ years , and an inductive thematic analysis undertaken.
a relationship was found between the adaptive strategies that participants developed as they moved through life phases and the impairment stages.
as the nocturia definition is complicated there are also other slightly modified definitions.
it is currently not absolutely clear if prevalence or incidence is more important for epidemiology evaluation of nocturia.
nocturia is a variable symptom and its presence in individuals is reversible therefore it is very difficult to obtain reliable incidence data.
nocturia prevalence varies remarkably in different studies according to evaluation methodology , nocturia definition , methods of data collection and characteristics of evaluated population.
there are not enough studies , especially demographic ones , evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms and / or nocturia in males and females.
there is relatively large number of comparative studies confirming strong correlation between aging and prevalence of nocturia.
prevalence evaluated by gender is higher among younger women compared to older women and older men compared to younger men.
currently there are only limited sources of data regarding nocturia incidence.
incidence of nocturia rises significantly with age.
incidence of nocturia newly diagnosed in a pregnancy drops down by @percent@ in @number@ month after the child birth.
the incidence data indicate that incidence of nocturia rises with age and probability of nocturia relief decreases with age.
ethiology of nocturia might be polyuria , nocturnal polyuria or reduced bladder capacity.
nocturia and its ethiology can be determined in most cases with simple and commonly used investigative methods on the out-patients bases.
the diagnostic algorithm should lead to verification of nocturia and identifying its cause because treatment of nocturia differs remarkably according to the etiology.
objective : to monitor time variability of early embryo cleavage by continual monitoring system ( time-lapse ) .
to evaluate the impact of patient age for the embryonic growth.
to compare pregnancy rate of the time-lapse selected embryos with embryos after ordinary / standard cultivation.
design : case-control study.
setting : centre of assisted reproduction sanus , pardubice ; ppchc s.r.o.
hradec kralove.
the data were evaluated in two groups : infertile patients @number@ years ( group @number@ ) and control @number@ years ( group @number@ ) .
pregnancy rate at time-lapse selected embryos reached @percent@ while embryos from standard cultivation only @percent@.
conclusion : the impact of patient age to the cleavage dynamic has not been proved.
relation between the first cell cleavage time and embryo persistence in this stage ( cc2 ) was observed.
we may hence recommend cc2 time as convenient parameter at embryo selection for embryo transfer in the centres of assisted reproduction.
our study has shown that embryo selection with time-lapse system ( primovision ) enhances the success rate of treatment of aging patients.
antiarrhythmic drug discovery was mainly hindered by the limited knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease.
especially , certain aspects of cardiac electrophysiology of the zebrafish such as action potential or heart rate are similar to that of humans.
mitochondrial dysfunction plausibly underlies the aging-associated brain degeneration.
mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics and cell-survival.
the mitochondrial function deteriorates with aging , and the mitochondrial damage correlates with increased intracellular production of oxidants and pro-oxidants.
the ros and rns collectively contributes to the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) and damage to the brain parenchymal cells.
delineating the molecular mechanisms of these processes may provide clues for the novel therapeutic targets for cva and ad patients.
we compared each state for the frequencies of @number@ hz and @number@ hz between the two groups.
we also intra-compared the five states in group a and the five states in group b for the @number@ hz and @number@ hz frequencies.
the results were not statistically significant.
a differentiation in the distribution of the frequencies with increasing age may provide new insights into the age-dependence of taste quality brain centers.
methods : twenty-five women were analysed with regard to wrinkle parameters and mottled pigmentation on the face.
additionally , the investigators rated clinical improvement using five-point grading scales.
the percentage improvements of rhytides evaluated by the investigators were mostly similar to those found from in vivo measurements.
clinical investigators rated the improvement of mottled pigmentation considerably higher ( 51-75% ) .
increased arterial stiffness is closely associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease.
a novel blood-pressure independent arterial stiffness parameter , the cardio-ankle vascular index ( cavi ) , has been developed and is used worldwide.
arterial stiffness derived using cavi in healthy subjects increases linearly with aging , and is higher in men than in women.
this is a new finding , not observed with conventional arterial stiffness indicators.
antihypertensive , antidiabetic , and antilipemic medications are effective in lowering elevated cavi.
among the antiplatelet agents , highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) in fish oil has the effect of lowering cavi.
it is also useful in the evaluation of the effects of lifestyle modification.
it is also reported that patients with higher cavi values have a poor prognosis compared with those with lower cavi values.
its advantage of reproducibility , with little disparity among institutions , has opened up the way for multi-center joint studies.
background : as adults age with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) , the role for rehabilitation continues to emerge.
understanding how social participation is affected among women aging with hiv can inform occupational therapy assessment and treatment.
method : a grounded theory methodological approach was utilized.
emergent themes informed the theoretical model.
implications : women aging with hiv experience social participation as a dynamic process involving social engagement and isolation.
contextual influences may promote and impede social participation.
the implemented sodium-reduction strategies were product substitutions , recipe modifications , and cooking from scratch.
both counties were able to achieve modest sodium reductions in prepared meals.
oral mucosa becomes thinner , smooth and looses stippling aspect with aging.
from histological standpoint appears : narrowing and alteration of gingival epithelium , modification of epithelial-connective interface and decreasing of keratinization.
however , it cannot be detected significant histological alterations in size , shape or arrangement of epithelial cells that could be endorsed to aging process.
histological studies indicate : decreasing of keratinization , regressive changes in epithelium and fibrosis in underlying connective tissue.
parakeratosis is frequent with aging because of microtraumas , in many cases is expression of permanent inflammation.
fragments of skin have been collected from subjects of both sexes and of different ages , totaling @number@ samples from different body regions.
the following stains were used : modified goldner's masson trichrome , ferric orcein-hematoxylin and the combined stains orcein-goldner's trichrome.
thus , processes of elastic fibers degeneration and lysis run faster by comparison with those of collagen fibers degeneration.
the face , seen as a unitary region is subject to the gravitational force.
since it is the main relational and socialization region of each individual , it presents unique ways of suspension.
this system acts against face aging and all four elevation structures form what the so-called sustentaculum facies.
the participation of each of the four anatomic components and their approach in the facial rejuvenation surgeries are here in discussion.
main challenges that may appear in our country along next decade related with the aging process are discussed.
first of these challenges must take into account demography changes.
absolute number and. rates of elderly people increases permanently and it will be so in the next future.
in relation with health challenges , chronic disease and disability are the two most important problems.
prevention and permanent searching attitude of efficient political health answers are two essential pillars.
challenges on the social field must be focussed on ageism.
the main objective must be to fight against any form of age discrimination ( ageism ) .
beside that educational policies oriented over professionals and citizens.
last group of challenges concerns to managers and politicians and must be focussed on the look for resources and educational promotion.
antiaging medicine is nowadays an equivocal topic frequently used in geriatric medicine.
it is , also , one of the most important sources of medical costs.
prevention is the only positive successful way to achieve any of these possibilities.
there is not medical evidence of effectiveness with any other measures , as hormonal therapies or reconstructive surgery.
the ageing of biological tissues can be accelerated by many factors , mainly of physiological and nutritional nature.
we also aim at integrating the different approaches so to devise a holistic intervention in which synergies among the methodologies to be applied occur.
technologies and icts can help elderly people to improve their quality of life , to be healthy and independent and to get better assistance.
icts should encourage active ageing and , in the case of health technologies , new models of care.
moreover , medical pathologies in elderly patients often have a multi-factorial etiology and many psychopathological dimensions and psychosocial risk factors are underestimated.
more research is needed in order to study which determinants affect the process of an active and functional ageing.
possible research ageing areas are : @number@ ) evaluation of psychosocial risk-protective factors related to the individual's biography and personality.
the world elderly population is rapidly increasing.
these objectives are the target of multidisciplinary ongoing and future research activities for a better understanding of the link between diet and ageing.
the increase in life expectancy has dramatically enhanced the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases resulting in growing costs for both society and individuals.
identification of strategies contributing to healthy ageing is thus one of the major challenges of the coming years.
lifestyle has a primary role among non-genetic factors affecting health and lifespan.
in particular , nutrition , mental and physical activity impact the molecular and functional mechanisms whose alterations cause the major age-related diseases.
this chapter summarizes our strategic approaches , the major results we obtained so far and the main experimental and translational perspectives.
both models have received empirical validation.
nevertheless , the frailty phenotype is the most widely used and presents a characterized pathophysiologic background.
in fact , many of the adverse outcomes of frailty are probably mediated by sarcopenia.
in developed countries , economic and financial well-being is playing a crucial positive role in ageing and inclusion processes.
on the other hand , the demographic circumstances drive scholars as well as politicians to reflect on ageing dynamics.
the assumption is that elderly people have specific financial needs that sometimes are not covered by financial providers ' offers.
the motivation is mainly on the role of information asymmetries between elder consumers and financial institutions.
the following chapter presents preliminary explorative results of a survey delivered on @number@ elder individuals ( 65-80 yrs. ) leaving in milan.
furthermore , the chapter proposes a research agenda for scholars interested in exploring the relationship between financial well-being and ageing.
this contribution is a reflection on the concept of active ageing from the perspective of relational sociology.
active ageing is quite a recent concept and indicates an attitude towards ageing that enhances the quality of life as people become older.
relational sociology frames the phenomenon of an ageing population in a dense network of social relations , primarily at the level of family and community.
for this reason , as supported by the most recent sociological literature and evidence from studies conducted in italy and abroad ( cf.
information and communication technologies are widely and rapidly spreading in people's daily lives.
but what is the possible role of the mass proliferation of digital devices in supporting healthy living and active ageing ?
are they useful in fostering personal growth and individual integration of the elderly , by promoting satisfaction , opportunities for action , and self-expression ?
rather , do they enhance automation , impose constraints on personal initiative , and result in compulsive consumption of information ?
finally , we discuss the possible role of positive technologies for healthy living and active ageing by presenting different practical applications of this approach.
this new situation requires a new multi-disciplinary approach bringing together different research programs in order to provide solutions for the upcoming challenges.
national health services are now facing a huge shift in the population structure with a predominance of older generations in the total number of citizens.
good health is the most important factor to live independently in old age.
we will face mainly the biological , cognitive and psychological dimensions of ageing.
the quest for an active and healthy ageing can be considered a \ "wicked problem. \ "
it is a social and cultural problem , which is difficult to solve because of incomplete , changing , and contradictory requirements.
these problems are tough to manage because of their social complexity.
they are a group of linked problems embedded in the structure of the communities in which they occur.
first , they require the knowledge of the social and cultural context in which they occur.
they can be solved only by understanding of what people do and why they do it.
second , they require a multidisciplinary approach.
wicked problems can have different solutions , so it is critical to capture the full range of possibilities and interpretations.
the current financial crisis is putting a strain on this system.
a joint effort of all key stakeholders is needed to create a society in which older people can play an active role.
male face lifting is the cosmetic surgery which has witnessed the greatest rise in demand in recent years.
indeed , the adaptation of the conventional technique of the female facelift would lead to an unnatural result , not satisfactory for the patient.
diverse cell types have unique transcriptional signatures that are best interrogated at single-cell resolution.
here we describe a novel rna amplification approach that allows for high fidelity gene profiling of individual cells.
we assess this technique using statistical and bioinformatics analyses of microarray data to establish the limitations of the method.
worse still , we have not checked the behaviors and conditions that exacerbate the rate of environmental destruction.
older people , particularly those who are economically vulnerable , are among those most at risk in disasters , including events resulting from climate change.
technologies have become a major force in people's lives.
they change how people interact with the environment , even as the environment changes.
we propose that technology use in the setting of changing environments is motivated by essential needs and tensions experienced by the individual.
we propose that considering these theories can help researchers and developers ensure that technologies will help promote a healthier world for older adults.
as climate change proceeds at an unprecedented rate , concern for the natural environment has increased.
the world's population aging also continues to rise at an unprecedented rate , giving greater attention to the implications of an older population.
the two trends are linked through the fact that changes to the environment affect older adults , and older adults affect the environment.
sustainability is , therefore , an intergenerational phenomenon , and protecting resources today leaves a positive legacy and enhances quality of life for future generations.
older adults have much to share with younger generations about behaviors that promote sustainable living , yet few sustainability efforts are intergenerational in nature.
there is limited research exploring how domestic water restrictions imposed as a result of drought conditions impact upon the lives of independently living older people.
within this age group ( @number@ years plus ) , the domestic garden frequently forms an intrinsic component of ongoing health and well-being.
this occurred at a time following a prolonged period of drought and , in central victoria , a complete ban on outside watering.
in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with @number@ gardeners aged between @number@ and @number@ who had tended their garden over an extended period.
the lived experience of gardening was explored through hermeneutic phenomenological analysis.
the crisis imposed by ongoing drought and restricted use of water generated a strong impetus for adaptation , resilience and acceptance of change.
patients were surveyed regarding their perceptions of psychosocial needs and experiences as a cancer patient.
psychosocial factors while acknowledged as important influences on recovery and healing remain an underdeveloped intervention toward improving the quality of cancer care.
recommendations are made based on the results to enhance the quality of life for this vulnerable population.
background : anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ( aclr ) has traditionally been reserved for young patients with functional instability.
methods : patients greater than @number@ years of age undergoing aclr between @date@ and @date@ were identified.
charts were retrospectively reviewed for clinical , pathologic , and radiographic findings.
anteroposterior ( ap ) instability was assessed with use of a kt-2000 arthrometer ( medmetric , san diego , ca ) .
the mean age at the time of operation was @number@ years ( range : @number@ to @number@ years ) .
twelve patients ( @percent@ ) underwent subsequent knee surgery.
all patients were satisfied with the final outcome of their aclr surgery.
only patellofemoral outerbridge cartilage grade was associated with worse outcome.
conclusion : aclr provides symptomatic relief and restoration of function for patients greater than @number@ years of age.
aclr should be considered in active older patients with subjective functional instability.
information technology solutions may ease the burden placed on ldcs by providing remote monitoring , easier access to information and enhanced communication.
while some technology tools have been introduced , the information and technology needs of ldcs in particular are not well understood.
consequently , a needs assessment was performed by using video conferencing software to conduct semi-structured interviews with @number@ ldcs.
interviews were enriched through the use of stimulus materials that included the demonstration of a prototype ldc health management web / mobile app.
responses were recorded , transcribed and then analyzed.
subjects indicated that information regarding medication regimens and adherence , calendaring , and cognitive health were most needed.
the article presents the results of a clinical study on the features of age-related pathology of the salivary glands.
@number@ records of patients who were hospitalized at the department of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry in three years has been studied.
apatites of hard tissues of teeth of persons of different sex and age were studied in detail.
it is shown that the crystal structure of apatites depends on changes in the composition of the enamel that happen during a person's life.
limits of the variations of the crystal lattice parameters of the enamel apatites connected with the complicate processes of de- and remineralization have been determined.
the review on associative communications of periodontal diseases , aging and age associated pathology is submitted.
uniform pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of these processes and their interrelation are analyzed.
the question of existence of so-called periodontal-systemic connection is discussed.
it is especially important for the elderly patients having polymorbid pathology in association with inflammatory periodontal diseases.
the paper considers modern conceptions about the prognostic value of left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) different types.
some data concerning left atrial dilatation as an inalienable component of the cardiovascular continuum in essential hypertension are submitted.
issues of long-term outcome in elderly hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome taking into account the peculiarities of left ventricular geometry are highlighted.
thus in daughter cells the src sh2 domain necessary both for cytoskeleton formation and tyrosinase activization is activated.
if action of a stimulating factor is quite strong , proliferation of malignant cells begins at a stage of melanocyte , and a melanoma occurs.
if action of factors is long and not strong , more remote descendants of daughter cells proliferate , and a cancer appears.
for the purpose of normal differentiation of malignant modified daughter cells , it is necessary to block tyrosinase.
thus all sh2 domains will go on cell cytoskeleton formation.
molecular mechanisms of cytoflavin action , including regulation of the activity of cell signaling pathways through intermolecular interactions were found.
we recommend using cytoflavin together with the standard therapy in treatment of isah , which provides the action of geroprotectors for cardiovascular system.
evaluation of independent and combined interrelations of bronchial obstruction and autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm in elderly patients with bronchial asthma was carried out.
positive correlation of the extent of bronchial obstruction and decrease of absolute indices of cardiac rhythm variability was established.
the article contains the results of studies of clinical and morphological features of chronic gastritis of viral and bacterail etiology in age aspects.
we examined @number@ elderly patients with ischemic heart disease , including @number@ patients of korean nationality and @number@ patients of slavic ethnicity.
average values of imt of the right and left cca patients of south asian group were significantly lower than those of slavic ethnicity.
in 2009-2010 , @number@ patients diagnosed with the coronary heart disease , but without the expressed metabolic violations , decompensated conditions and diseases were surveyed.
the average age of women was @number@ ± @number@ years , men @number@ ± @number@ years.
patients had the favorable average levels of lipoproteins of high density ( not lower than @number@ mmol / l ) .
the article presents the results of studies of the behavioral response in @number@ elderly women.
approximately-research activity is random , that does not change the cognitive response strategy under uncertainty environment.
women aged 65-74 years are observed more time to make decisions and stereotyped of behavior compared to women aged 55-64 years.
the data obtained open the new ability for patogenetic treatment of various age patients with chronic parodontitis using the ehf- and ir-electromagnetic emanation method.
no adverse consequences of the pshg application were observed.
naturally occurring propagating regenerative hair waves peculiar to mice were preserved.
transcriptome analysis of the pshg effect performed in fibroblast cell culture showed that pshg stimulates processes of tissue development and remodeling.
in conclusion , the who aging classification reflects the lc values age ranges and can be used to estimate age-related alterations of this parameter.
the increase in the size of the neuronal lc in elderly people may represent the compensatory reaction of neuroplasticity triggered by the aging process.
background : of all age groups , older adults spend the most time watching tv , which is one of the most common sedentary behaviours.
such sedentary activity in older adulthood is thought to risk deterioration of physical and mental functioning , health and wellbeing.
yet , studies of the factors associated with tv viewing have predominantly been cross-sectional.
tv viewing time was self-reported at baseline and at follow-up.
healthcare organizations are challenged with constrained resources and increasing service demands by an aging population with complex care needs.
exponential growth in competency requirements also challenges staff's ability to provide quality patient care.
island health is addressing this challenge by transforming its traditional education model into an innovative , evidence-based learning and performance support approach.
a key result is that this approach is enabling the organization to be more responsive in helping staff gain and maintain competencies.
while researching her memoir , the author discovered that the questions about her deafness that she most needed to answer were her own.
the author illustrates how the act of writing a memoir can be an important tool in resolving questions of identity.
material and methods : longitudinal clinical research was conducted.
the register was made by @number@ patients of elderly and senile age with coronary heart disease being on treatment during the period since 2013-2014.
background : high-resolution manometry ( hrm ) is increasingly used in the evaluation of anorectal disorders.
however , the normal values of hrm have not been widely evaluated.
the aim of the present study was to evaluate , for the first time , the normal values hrm in asymptomatic parous and non-parous women.
hrm was performed using solid-state manometric assembly with @number@ circumferential pressure sensors ( mms , netherlands ) .
measurements of external and internal anal sphincter pressure at rest , during voluntary contraction and during rectal balloon distension were compared..
no differences were found between groups in internal sphincter pressure , voluntary contraction or during balloon distension.
further studies for establishing of normal values of anorectal hrm in larger group of healthy controls are badly needed.
the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment during aging is altered.
age-related disorders in human include disturbances of biological rhythms , especially sleep-wake rhythms alterations , and perturbations of body temperature and hormone secretion.
background : vitamin c has important physical and mental health benefits and plasma concentrations reflect recent intakes.
inflammation associated with any acute illness can lead to poor appetite and low food intake in older people.
the aims of this report were to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of vitamin c deficiency among hospitalized acutely-ill older patients.
clinical outcome measures including symptoms of depression were also compared between patients with vitamin c deficiency and those with normal levels.
results : at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients had a vitamin c concentration below @number@ µmol / l indicating biochemical depletion.
the figures at @number@ weeks and @number@ months were @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients , respectively.
older age , male gender , smoking , increased dependency and tissue inflammation were associated with lower vitamin c concentrations.
conclusions : a high proportion of older patients had sub-optimal vitamin c status and this was associated with increased symptoms of depression.
health care transitions are often dangerous for older patients.
this paper describes some ways patients talk about their transitional experiences.
the interviews were analyzed to identify themes.
patients described multiple moves , often did not know what to expect , appreciated help from a family member and desired effective communications with physicians.
learning about patient experiences may help new physicians appreciate the experiences of transitions on patients.
demographic aging of the population determines the need for the development of geriatric component in the work of medical services.
most number of patients , particularly adult and older women with temporomandibular disfunction suffers from pain reaction in maxillofacial area.
pain symptom associated with temporomandibular disfunction is followed by some changes of physiological statistics ( high sympathetic level ) .
the article presents the results of research on the structure , chemical and mineral composition of hard tooth tissues of persons of different age groups.
the research was executed on @number@ male patients aged 35-92 years with various polyorgan pathology in a compensation stage.
the treatment by gases was used : hyperbaric oxygenation , dry carbonic acid baths , ozon therapy , hypo oxygen therapy and their combinations.
on indicators of biological age various age-dependent geroprophylactics effect of gas therapy was established.
on indicators of resistance of erythrocytes various safety of used modes was found.
the manifestation of neutrophilocytosis and lymphocytopenia might be due to age-related features of adaptive reaction in peripheral blood cells during the copn recurrence.
morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms increases each year , and the average age of patients with first diagnosed decreases.
the peak of incidence of malignant tumors of maxillofacial region falls on the elderly life.
not only age-related changes of the organism contribute in the development of this pathology , but also harmful habits.
@number@ conditionally healthy people aged 40-79 years were examined.
increase in all indicators of pro-oxidant system of blood plasma with age was determined.
statistically significant interrelations between the studied parameters and age of the examined persons were determined in the blood plasma.
the relationship between the glutathione peroxidase and adenosine deaminase / xanthine oxidase , adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase was also determined.
a significant increase of products of oxidative proteins modification in plasma and erythrocytes with aging was discovered.
reduction with age of key enzymes of antioxidant protection superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood plasma and erythrocytes was determined.
purpose of the work is to select the indices of immunograms , associated with immunosenescence.
in @number@ long-livers a quantity cd4 + and cd8 + corresponded to standard , @number@ of them demonstrated actt exceeded standard.
these patients were carried to the group of activation also.
basic group had the quantity cd8 + deficit ( @percent@ ) .
the study presents the results of many-years research conducted using biological objects of different organization level.
it demonstrates special species-nonspecific form of weak external signals negative effect to cells life expectancy reduction caused by program damage of cells populations.
this effect is detected after weak radiation , radio-chemical and thermal influences.
it leads to faster extinction of postmitotic populations which can be a reason for life expectancy reduction of multicellular organisms.
a possibility of such effect inheritance in the asexual and sexual reproduction is shown.
epigenetic mechanisms of this phenomenon are assumed.
feasible protective effects of ppara gene allele g and c allele of ucp2 genes are briefly discussed.
cytokines ccl11 ( eotaxin ) and hmgb1 ( alarmin1 ) are molecular markers of ageing and neurological , cardiovascular and immune diseases.
created in st. petersburg institute of bioregulation and gerontology short peptides are known to regulate gene expression and protein synthesis.
they promote the mortality decrease and slowdown the development of pathology in the elderly.
geroprotective action of vilon and epitalon probably realizes in suppression of these genes.
the changes in the somatosensory system in aging and peripheral neuropathies are similar.
the relative length of the telomeric repeats of blood cell chromosomes from @number@ apparently healthy volunteers was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
introduction : diabetic urinary bladder disfunction is a common problem.
disfunction will occur in about @percent@ of diabetic patients.
comon symptoms include retention , overactive bladder , sfincted dissinergy and urinary tract infections.
including criteria consisted of ipss more than @number@ psa lower than @number@ rt carcinoma excluded and prostate size more than @number@ cm3.
rezults : patient age was @number@ to @number@ years.
in two patients due to acute retention urinary catheter was inserted.
only they were treated with alfa blockers while other patients received no therapy.
four patient had insulin dependant diabetes while ten of them had diabetes regulated with oral antidiabetics.
cistotonometry presented detrusor overactivity in two patients , treated with m cholinergics.
in one patient overactive detrusor activity was in the same time presented with urge incontinence and treated in the same way.
normal detrusor activity was recorded in @number@ patients on pressure flow evaluation.
in @number@ patients with q max more than @number@ ml / s treatment was watchfull waiting.
in @number@ patients with q max more than @number@ ml / s alfa blockers were introduced.
in @number@ patients with q max less than @number@ ml / s bipolar turp was the treatment.
conclusion : diabetes and diabetic bladder disfunction will have a great impact on quality of life due to an aging population.
all specialities should be informed for diabetic bladder disfunction and necesssity for recognition and treatment.
further investigation is needed in terms of understanding the risk factors , mechanisms and the most adequate therapy.
the internal gradient index distribution adapts to the external shape so that the analytical expression is invariant with the changes with age and accommodation.
the model also includes tips , tilts , and decentrations of the surfaces according to experimental findings.
the specific parameters of these models are either constants or functions of age and / or accommodation.
the model is polychromatic , and its optical performance was evaluated along the keratometric axis.
chromatic aberrations ( longitudinal and transverse ) , astigmatism , coma , trefoil , and spherical aberration show good agreement with experimental averages.
this means that the average structure seems to predict the average performance.
nevertheless , the present model is too schematic to account for other higher order aberrations , such as tetrafoil , also present in real eyes.
hearing disorders become an increasingly important issue that influences quality of life and many other economic factors.
the study cohort consisted of @number@ patients implanted from @date@ through @date@ at our clinic.
all patients were assessed and classified according to the hearing preservation classification.
comparing the results between subgroups , we observed that the degree of hearing preservation was greater in younger adults than in older adults.
results of this review may suggest that deeper insertion is to be recommended for an older population of cochlear implant recipients.
for some years , policy makers and medical scientists have both begun to focus more on chronic noncommunicable diseases.
the economic impact of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in eu alone is more than eur @number@ billion , while tumors have an impact of eur @number@ billion.
the direct and indirect cost of brain disorders exceeds eur @number@ billion a year.
unfortunately , there are no known interventions that currently have such effectiveness.
researchers report that hearing loss seems to speed up age-related cognitive decline.
researchers suggest that treating hearing loss more aggressively could help delay cognitive decline and dementia.
furthermore , there is an increasing interest in better understanding the pathophysiologic correlations between hearing loss and dementia.
hearing loss in older adults , in fact , is associated independently with poorer cognitive functioning , incident dementia , and falls.
further research investigating the basis of this connection as well as the pathomechanism of the two diseases will further our ability to treat dementia.
sensorineural systems play a crucial role in the diagnosis , treatment and management of several neurological disorders.
the function of the eye and ear represents a unique window for testing various conditions in cognitive decline or dementia.
physical activity was estimated by actigraphy.
results : @number@ men were eutrophic , @number@ were overweight and @number@ were obese and mostly sedentary , independent of age.
both imcl and emcl were higher in overweight / obese men.
abdominal fat was negatively associated with is and positively correlated with muscle lipid accretion ( both imcl and emcl ) , but not with age.
conclusions : central obesity was associated with imcl and emcl infiltration and ir.
this type of lipid accretion was not related with ageing nor age-related sarcopenia.
older individuals were more glucose intolerant , which was explained by a decrease of insulin secretion more than adiposity-related ir.
at present , carotid ultrasound is recommended in diabetic patients with cerebrovascular symptoms.
since the prevalence of diabetes increases constantly , we attempt to address refreshment of criteria for screening of carotid artery disease in the diabetic population.
it could be recommended for diabetic patients with at least one more risk factors and for diabetic patients above @number@ years of age.
diminished mitochondrial function is causally related to some heart diseases.
importantly , in control cardiomyocytes , lowering ros levels emulated this beneficial effect of pgc-1α knockdown and similarly increased the calcium transient amplitude.
baseline predictive values of all aforementioned indices were then compared using survival analysis on @number@ mci subjects.
spare-ad and adas-cog were found to have similar predictive value , and their combination was significantly better than their individual performance.
importantly , in amyloid-negative patients with mci , spare-ad had high predictive power of clinical progression.
the finding that spare-ad in amyloid-negative mci patients was predictive of clinical progression is not expected under the amyloid hypothesis and merits further investigation.
head trauma was defined as a self-reported brain injury with at least momentary loss of consciousness or memory.
results : among @number@ cn individuals , @number@ ( @percent@ ) self-reported a head trauma.
there was no difference in any neuroimaging measure between cn subjects with and without head trauma.
of @number@ participants with mci , @number@ ( @percent@ ) self-reported a head trauma.
differences between cn individuals and individuals with mci raise questions about the relevance of head injury-pet abnormality findings in those with mci.
dna damage is tightly associated with various biological and pathological processes , such as aging and tumorigenesis.
in this study , we present a high-sensitivity long-run real-time pcr technique for dna-damage quantification ( lord-q ) in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome.
exemplarily , we monitored induction of dna damage and repair processes in human induced pluripotent stem cells and isogenic fibroblasts.
participants were far more reluctant to share a room with that resident than to share common spaces.
implications : the prevalence of homophobic attitudes among older people living in racfs seems to be high.
this may be a barrier for lgb residents , making the expression of their sexual identity more difficult and leading to discriminatory practices.
gadd45a has been involved in dna damage response and in many malignancies , including leukemia.
however , the function of gadd45a in hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) remains unknown.
here , we reported that gadd45a-deficient ( gadd45a ( - / - ) ) mice showed a normal hematologic phenotype under homeostatic conditions.
interestingly , young gadd45a ( - / - ) hscs showed enhanced reconstitution ability in serial transplantation.
the significantly higher level of dna damage in gadd45a ( - / - ) hscs ultimately promoted b-cell leukemia in further transplanted recipient mice.
in conclusion , gadd45a plays a significant role in hsc stress responses.
gadd45a deficiency leads to dna damage accumulation and impairment in apoptosis after exposure to ir , which increases the susceptibility of leukemogenesis.
snp rs535812 revealed a stronger association with obesity in meta-analysis of these two samples ( p = @number@ ) .
the t-a haplotype from rs878950 and rs9525149 revealed significant association with obesity in the marshfield sample ( p = @number@ ) .
these findings contribute new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and triglycerides and demonstrate the importance of gender differences in the aetiology.
mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction with aging , with strong support for an increased mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in sedentary rodent models.
whether this applies to aged human muscle is unknown , nor is it clear whether these changes are caused by sedentary behavior.
crc was reduced by @percent@ with aging , indicating sensitization of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mptp ) to apoptosis.
consistent with the mptp sensitization , older muscles showed a 3-fold greater fraction of endonuclease g ( a mitochondrial proapoptotic factor ) -positive myonuclei.
aged muscles also had lower mitophagic potential , based on a @percent@ reduction in parkin to the voltage-dependent anion channel ( vdac ) protein ratio.
whole body plethysmography was used to assess the hvr and hcvr the day after sh exposure ended.
participants were @number@ neurological patients with different diagnoses and a community-dwelling sample of @number@ middle-aged and older controls.
the @number@ objects test requires the recall of the locations of five everyday objects , immediately after placement and after a brief period of time.
the test was unaffected by age and education and showed good reliability and discriminant validity.
the test showed similar areas under the roc curve to the much longer modified mini mental state examination.
the @number@ objects test is a reliable and valid very brief screening test that is suitable for primary care.
because of its limited linguistic demands , the test is appropriate for persons with limited language use or from different linguistic backgrounds.
importance : to our knowledge , no previous epidemiologic study has investigated the association between all antioxidants in the diet and age-related cataract.
exposure : the tac of the diet was estimated using a database of foods analyzed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay.
main outcomes and measures : information on incident age-related cataract diagnosis and extraction was collected through linkage to registers in the study area.
results : there were @number@ incident cases of age-related cataracts during the mean @number@ years of follow-up ( @number@ person-years ) .
conclusions and relevance : dietary tac was inversely associated with the risk of age-related cataract.
future studies examining all antioxidants in the diet in relation to age-related cataract are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
the present commentary highlights selected scientific opportunities specific to the study of renal development , physiology , and cell biology.
describing such fundamental kidney biology serves as a necessary foundation for translational and clinical studies that will advance disease care and prevention.
it is intended that these objectives foster and focus scientific efforts in these areas in the coming decade and beyond.
introduction : social representations ( srs ) contain @number@ dimensions : information , attitude , and field.
these affect the recognition of the first symptoms of dementia by the patient's caregiver.
this study focused on the period from the first signs of cognitive difficulties to the diagnosis of dementia.
social representations were analyzed through a structural focus , based on the content analysis.
the results confirm the importance of the symbolic dimension of personal experience in managing care and seeking medical treatment.
conclusion : the presence of dementia in the family creates interpersonal dilemmas that caregivers experience.
the solutions are framed in the sociocultural context.
background : identifying mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) in midlife could improve early identification of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
also , ad is highly heritable , but the heritability of mci has not been established.
method : we examined @number@ twins aged 51-59 years when recruited into the vietnam era twin study of aging ( vetsa ) .
six neurocognitive domains were assessed using tests designed to avoid ceiling effects.
to differentiate mci from low overall ability , criteria included adjustment for gca measured at approximately age @number@ years.
results : as in older adults , prevalence rates varied widely.
low prevalence rates in middle-aged adults are also more likely to be valid.
mci was also associated with lower premorbid gca.
heritability estimates for any mci and amnestic mci averaged .40-.48.
conclusions : by testing multiple cognitive domains and avoiding ceiling effects , mci can be identified before age @number@ years.
premorbid gca is a risk / protective factor , but deficits after adjusting for early adult gca suggest additional processes leading to declining trajectories.
heritabilities were comparable to ad , suggesting mci as an appropriate phenotype for genetic association studies.
full validation will require follow-up assessments ( currently under way ) .
community-based studies are important for this early identification because adults of this age are unlikely to present in clinics.
objectives : to robustly examine the prevalence of the double peaked p1 visual evoked potential in healthy younger and older adult populations.
results : group and individual analyses showed a clear effect of age on p1 morphology and amplitude.
older adults showed significantly lower p1 amplitude and @percent@ of older adults showed a double peaked p1 compared to @percent@ of younger adults.
double peaked p1 responses were associated with an increase in spectral power in the gamma range.
increased power in post stimulus gamma in the double peak group may be indicative of compensatory neural processing.
significance : clinically the prevalence of the double peaked p1 may have been underestimated , and its reflectance of demyelinating disease overestimated.
experimentally the results suggest that any investigation of visual processing in older adults must control for early changes in p1 morphology.
ageing is a biological process that results from changes at a cellular level , particularly modification of mrna.
i describe these changes on a structural and clinical basis and summarise possible solutions for a rejuvenation surgeon.
in this review i have discussed various mechanisms , which may be responsible for impaired functions of dcs.
this study aimed to evaluate the clinical features , incidence and risk factors of stroke and bleeding in elderly af patients.
fruits of emblic leafflower have been used as food and traditional medicine in asia.
hydrolyzable tannins are among the major bioactive components of the fruits.
the compositional profiles of tannins in the fruits vary depending on the cultivars as well as ripening stages.
fruits and tannin-rich extracts of fruits have shown antidiabetic , antimicrobial , anti-inflammatory , and immune-regulating activities in vitro and in animal studies.
the fruits and fruit extracts have potential in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing dna damage induced by chemicals and radiation.
antioxidative activities are likely among the mechanisms of the biological activities and physiological effects.
human intervention / clinical studies are needed to investigate the bioavailability and metabolism of the tannins and to substantiate the health benefits in humans.
emblic leafflower may be a potential raw material for natural food preservatives.
background : intervertebral disc ( ivd ) cells experience a broad range of physicochemical stimuli under physiologic conditions , including alterations in their osmotic environment.
at present , the molecular mechanisms underlying osmotic regulation in ivd cells are poorly understood.
a novel , simple method , referred to as the tsp , was used in this study.
through this method , there was no need to perform data normalization and transformation before data analysis.
we inferred that all these genes might play important roles in response to osmotic stimuli and age in ivd cells.
additionally , hyper-osmotic and iso-osmotic stimuli conditions were adverse factors for ivd cells.
conclusions : we anticipate that our results will provide new thoughts and methods for the study of ivd disease.
mounting evidence and / or arguments document the crucial role of inflammation and immune-mediated processes in the pathogenesis of amd.
erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is a common disorder among aging males.
however , most aging males refuse to seek medical help and believe that ed is an irreversible event in the aging process.
after treatment , the improvement rates in the iief-ef , ehs , and iief q13 scores were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
the magnitude of these changes demonstrated significant differences among groups ( p < @number@ ) .
accordingly , aging males are likely to benefit more from medical treatment.
it is the responsibility of the oocyte to continue the ber pathway prior to initiation of s-phase of the first mitotic division.
background : the prevalence of heart failure ( hf ) is rising in industrialized and developing countries.
whether or not cta can be used in hf patients is unknown.
methods / design : the proposed study aims to provide insight into the efficacy of cta in hf patients.
a multicenter randomized controlled trial will enroll @number@ hf patients requiring coronary anatomical definition.
enrolled patients will be randomized to either cta or ica ( n = @number@ per group ) as the first test to define coronary anatomy.
the primary outcomes will be collected to determine downstream resource utilization.
secondary outcomes will include the composite clinical events and major adverse cardiac events.
in addition , the accuracy of cta for detecting coronary anatomy and obstruction will be assessed in patients who subsequently undergo both cta and ica.
it is expected that cta will be a more cost-effective strategy for diagnosis : yielding similar outcomes with fewer procedural risks and improved resource utilization.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov , nct01283659.
team grant # cif @number@
the aging process causes a number of changes in the skin , including oxidative stress and dyschromia.
the kojic acid ( ka ) is iron chelator employed in treatment of skin aging , and inhibits tyrosinase , promotes depigmentation.
the formulations were subjected to polarized light microscopy , which indicated the presence of a hexagonal mesophase.
texture and bioadhesion assay showed that formulation b is suitable for topical application.
the in vitro cytotoxic assays showed that ka-unloaded lcs and ka-loaded lcs didn't present cytotoxicity.
ppg-5-ceteth-20-based systems may be a promising platform for ka skin delivery.
background : progressive supranuclear palsy ( psp ) is a neurodegenerative extrapyramidal syndrome.
studies have demonstrated that psp can present clinically as an atypical dementing syndrome dominated by a progressive apraxia of speech ( aos ) and aphasia.
behavioral changes , such as depression , anxiety , apathy , and irritability , were reported.
the neurological examination revealed supranuclear vertical gaze palsy , poor face miming , and a mild balance deficit.
magnetic resonance imaging showed only widespread cortical atrophy.
single photon emission computed tomography demonstrated left > right frontotemporal cortical abnormalities.
after @number@ months , a further neuropsychological assessment showed a progression in cognitive deficits , with additional attention deficits.
the patient reported frequent falls , but the neurological deficits remained unchanged.
neuroimaging tests showed the same brain involvement.
background : aging is often associated with modifications of gait.
recent studies have revealed a strong relationship between gait and executive functions in healthy and pathological aging.
we hypothesized that modification of gait due to aging may be related to changes in frontal lobe function.
task difficulty was modulated to investigate differential activation for precise control of gait.
task performance was assessed by recording motor imagery latencies , eye movements , and electromyography during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning.
activity in the left hippocampus was significantly modulated by task difficulty in the elderly participants.
executive functioning correlated with magnitude of increases in right primary motor cortex ( ba4 ) during the motor imagery task.
cerebral levels of bace1 are elevated in individuals with ad , but the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood.
moreover , gtp-bound rheb interacts with bace1 and degrades it through proteasomal and lysosomal pathways.
finally , we demonstrate that rheb levels are down-regulated in the ad brain , which is consistent with an increased bace1 expression.
the fatiguing exercise , performed on a dynamometer , consisted of maintaining an isometric contraction of the plantarflexors at @number@ % of maximum until exhaustion.
cop sway area showed a greater increase with fatigue in older adults when standing on the cs.
reaction time ( secondary task ) increased significantly after fatigue , but only for older adults when standing on the cs.
the effects of fatigue on postural control are more important when proprioceptive information at the ankle is altered.
in particular , older adults had more difficulty and may have needed more attention to stand quietly , compared with young adults.
design : a community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of > 40 y.
a 7-d dietary record was completed at age @number@ y ( n = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized mufas and cancer death.
our goal was to validate this by determining whether severely injured trauma patients with complicated outcomes have evidence of pics at the genomic level.
methods : we performed a secondary analysis of the inflammation and host response to injury database of adults with severe blunt trauma.
patients were classified into complicated , intermediate , and uncomplicated clinical trajectories.
existing genomic microarray data were compared between cohorts using ingenuity pathways analysis.
epidemiologic data and outcomes were also analyzed between cohorts on admission , day @number@ and day @number@
results : complicated patients were older , were sicker , and required increased ventilator days compared with the intermediate / uncomplicated patients.
they also had persistent leukocytosis as well as low lymphocyte and albumin levels compared with uncomplicated patients.
subset analysis of monocyte , neutrophil , and t-cells supported these findings.
clinical data showed persistent inflammation , immunosuppression , and protein depletion.
overall , the data support the hypothesis that patients with complicated clinical outcomes are exhibiting pics.
level of evidence : epidemiologic study , level iii.
objective : to assess the contributions of diseases to disability burden among older persons in china.
discussion : along with the epidemiologic transition , chronic conditions have become the predominant contributor to disability burden among elderly persons in china.
and , presbycusis , cataracts , cerebrovascular disease , osteoarthritis , and unclassified injuries should be the priorities in ameliorating disability.
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a syndrome characteristic of early stages of many neurodegenerative diseases.
here we report a biomarker validation study of the identified mirna pairs using larger independent sets of age- and gender- matched plasma samples.
the biomarker pairs detected mci with sensitivity , specificity and overall accuracy similar to those obtained in the first study.
when mirnas of the same family were combined , mir-132 and mir-134 family biomarkers demonstrated @percent@ and @percent@ overall accuracy , respectively.
no statistically significant differences in the biomarker concentrations in samples obtained from male and female subjects were observed for either mci or amc.
the present study also demonstrated that the highest sensitivity and specificity are achieved with pairs of mirnas whose concentrations in plasma are highly correlated.
tau hyperphosphorylation is a critical event in alzheimer's disease , in which the neuronal golgi fragmentation occurs earlier than tau hyperphosphorylation.
however , the intrinsic link between golgi impairment and tau pathology is missing.
simultaneously , golgin-84 and golgi reassembly stacking protein @number@ @number@ important golgi matrix proteins , were decreased in the brains of elder mice.
further studies in hek293 / tau cells showed that golgi-disturbing agents , brefeldin a and nocodazole induced tau hyperphosphorylation.
these data suggest golgi fragmentation could be an upstream event triggering tau hyperphosphorylation through golgin-84 deficit-induced activation of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
to date the wide clinical variability of ftld-grn remains unexplained.
the aim of the study was to identify genetic pathways differentiating phenotypic expression in patients carrying grn mutations.
microarray gene expression analysis on leukocytes was performed.
the alteration of rap1gap mrna levels may explain the clinical variability of grn-ftld patients.
this is the first report linking a molecular pathway to specific phenotype expression in ftld-grn.
to understand the clinical relevance of our early results it will be mandatory to extend the observation to other clinical and neuropathological series.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia.
recent studies suggest that synaptic activity is one of the most important factors that regulate aβ levels.
it has been found that synaptic activity facilitates app internalization and influences app cleavage.
the present review summarizes the evidence for synaptic activity-modulated aβ levels and the mechanisms underlying this regulation.
interestingly , the immediate early gene product arc may also be the downstream signaling molecule of several receptors in the synaptic activity-modulated aβ levels.
evolution has fine-tuned proteins to accomplish a variety of tasks.
despite extensive experimental studies , researchers have not successfully characterized the nucleus ensemble , the starting point for rapid fibril formation.
similarly scientists do not have atomic data to show how the compounds that reduce both fibril formation and toxicity in cells bind to aβ42 oligomers.
in this context , computer simulations are important tools for gaining insights into the self-assembly of amyloid peptides and the molecular mechanism of inhibitors.
the thermodynamics and kinetics vary from linear peptides adopting straight β-strands in fibrils to longer peptides adopting in parallel u shaped conformations in fibrils.
in addition , these properties change with the balance between electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and the intrinsic disorder of the system.
however , simulations suggest that the critical nucleus size might be on the order of @number@ chains under physiological conditions.
we conclude by discussing future directions that may offer opportunities to fully understand nucleation and further ad drug development.
the american occupational therapy association ( aota ) evidence-based practice project has developed a table summarizing the research opportunities in the area of productive aging.
researchers , students , and clinicians can use this information in developing innovative research to answer important questions within the occupational therapy field.
background : few studies have evaluated the association between incident chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and related complications , especially in elderly population.
method : we analyzed the available data from @number@ participants in the korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
subjects with incident ckd had a @number@.792-fold higher risk of developing new ckd complications.
background : statistical models of normal ageing brain tissue volumes may support earlier diagnosis of increasingly common , yet still fatal , neurodegenerative diseases.
for example , the statistically defined distribution of normal ageing brain tissue volumes may be used as a reference to assess patient volumes.
using nonlinear regression within both samples , we compared mean and percentile rank estimates of whole brain tissue volume by age.
in the normal sample , mean estimates generally underestimated differences in brain volume at percentile ranks below the mean.
conversely , in the ad sample , mean estimates generally underestimated differences in brain volume at percentile ranks above the mean.
differences between ages at the 5 ( th ) percentile rank of normal subjects were ~39% greater than mean differences in the ad subjects.
this suggests that percentile rank estimates will be required to robustly define the limits of brain tissue volume in normal ageing and neurodegenerative disease.
it is generally assumed that type @number@ diabetes increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction in old age.
as type @number@ diabetes is frequently diagnosed before the age of @number@ diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction may also occur before the age of @number@
therefore , we investigated the association of type @number@ diabetes with cognitive function in people aged 35-82 years.
type @number@ diabetes was ascertained in @number@ individuals ( @percent@ ) .
the association of diabetes with rfft score was not modified by apoe ε4 carriership.
similar results were found for vat score as outcome measure although these results were only borderline statistically significant ( p≤0.10 ) .
in conclusion , type @number@ diabetes was associated with cognitive dysfunction , especially in young adults.
this was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors and apoe ε4 carriership.
age-related changes in autobiographical memory ( am ) recall are characterized by a decline in episodic details , while semantic aspects are spared.
this deleterious effect is supposed to be mediated by an inefficient recruitment of executive processes during am retrieval.
this network was very similar , but less extended , during semantic am retrieval.
moreover , activity in dacc during episodic am retrieval was correlated with inhibition and richness of memories in both groups.
these results are discussed in the framework of recently proposed models of neural reorganization in aging.
amyloid-like inclusions have been associated with huntington's disease ( hd ) , which is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the huntingtin protein.
hd patients exhibit a high incidence of cardiovascular events , presumably as a result of accumulation of toxic amyloid-like inclusions.
structural and ultrastructural analysis of the myocardial cells revealed reduced myofibrillar content , myofibrillar disorganization , mitochondrial defects and the presence of polyq-gfp positive aggregates.
cardiac-specific expression of disease causing poly-q also shortens lifespan of flies dramatically.
co-expression of sod suppressed polyq-72 induced mitochondrial defects and partially suppressed aggregation as well as myofibrillar disorganization.
however , co-expression of unc-45 dramatically suppressed polyq-72 induced aggregation and partially suppressed myofibrillar disorganization.
objective : exposure to acute and chronic stress can affect learning and memory , but most evidence comes from animal studies or clinical observations.
almost no population-based studies have investigated the relation of stress to cognition or changes in cognition over time.
methods : participants included @number@ black and white adults ( @percent@ black , @percent@ women ) from the chicago health and aging project.
conclusions : increasing levels of stress are independently associated with accelerated declines in cognitive function in black and white adults @number@ years and older.
females have generally more robust immune responses than males for reasons that are not well-understood.
we found elevated antibody responses to tiv and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of females compared with males regardless of age.
this inflammatory profile correlated with the levels of phosphorylated stat3 proteins in monocytes but not with the serological response to the vaccine.
moreover , men with elevated serum testosterone levels and associated gene signatures exhibited the lowest antibody responses to tiv.
however , in several national health systems , primary care is not directly managed by the regions but is in charge of smaller territorial entities.
age-standardized pqi rates were computed following ahrq specifications.
potential predictors were investigated using multilevel modelling.
results : we analysed @number@ @number@ @number@ hospitalizations.
composite pqis were able to differentiate lhas and health districts and showed small variation in the performance ranking over years.
attentional disengagement appeared insensitive to the presence of prodromal dementia or amnestic dysfunction per se.
the human auditory brainstem is thought to undergo rapid developmental changes early in life until age ∼2 followed by prolonged stability until aging-related changes emerge.
however , earlier work on brainstem development was limited by sparse sampling across the lifespan and / or averaging across children and adults.
we observed that the exposed ( @number@ ) ngr site can deamidate under conditions mimicking accelerated asn aging.
ngr deamidation in cp was associated with gain of integrin-binding function , intracellular signaling , and cell pro-adhesive activity.
a genetic component has been implicated in pca onset and development.
in addition , cdr1 expression has been detected in neuroblastoma , renal carcinoma cell lines , and other cancer cell lines.
cdr1 mrna expression was evaluated by qrt-pcr.
we found that the cdr1 gene was overexpressed in the lncap and pc-3 pca cell lines as compared with the pnt1a normal prostate cell line.
these data suggest that cdr1 could be a new biomarker for pca identification.
background : body composition has been shown to be correlated with physical performance , but data in older persons with diverse chronic diseases are lacking.
methods : body mass parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
pulmonary function tests included spirometry and arterial blood gases.
differences among body composition markers were compared according to gender.
results : walking speed deteriorated with increasing severity of copd.
men were heavier and had more lean mass than women.
total body fm was an independent determinant of walking speed , while fat-free mass and lean-to-fat ratio were not.
conclusions : excess body fat may be harmful for physical functioning among elders with copd.
methods : a total of @number@ chinese adults who grew up in rural yongnian county , handan city , northern china , were included.
monochromatic aberrations of left eyes were measured using itrace dynamic laser refraction at @number@.0-mm pupil size without cycloplegia.
results : mean age of all participants was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range , @number@ to @number@ years ) .
mean spherical equivalent was @number@ ± @number@ diopters ( d ) ( range , @number@ to @number@ d ) .
with age , the refraction demonstrated a significant hyperopic shift ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : ocular refraction in rural chinese adults showed significantly hyperopic shift with age.
the existence of hoas is not , in itself , sufficient to account for the myopia epidemic in china.
these early manifestations can be seen as \ "brain failure \ " and their co-occurrence suggests that they may share a common underlying mechanism.
due to its particular watershed vascularization , these brain networks are highly susceptible to microvascular damage and the effects of vascular risk factors.
our results showed that mhy336 treatment increased the expression of p53 over time in cells with wild-type p53 status.
however , p53-null and p21-null cells were more resistant to the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of mhy336 than p53-wt cells.
taken together , these results suggest that mhy336 could be a potential candidate to be used in chemoprevention and / or treatment of colon cancer.
the system gathered all data and dispatched alerts when certain clinical conditions were met.
results : the baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the @number@ groups were comparable.
over time , participants in the rms group showed greater improvements in activation , self-care , and qol compared with their counterparts.
data showed moderately strong associations between increased activation , self-care , and qol.
conclusion : our preliminary data show that the use of an rms is feasible and effective in promoting activation , self-care , and qol.
autophagy is a process preserving the balance between synthesis , degradation and recycling of cellular components and is therefore essential for neuronal survival and function.
several key proteins govern the autophagy pathway including beclin1 and microtubule associated protein @number@ light chain @number@ ( lc3 ) .
here , we show a brain-specific reduction in beclin1 expression in postmortem hippocampus of schizophrenia patients , not detected in peripheral lymphocytes.
the increase in adnp was associated with the initial stages of the disease , possibly reflecting a compensatory effect.
the increase in adnp2 might be a consequence of neuroleptic treatment , as seen in rats subjected to clozapine treatment.
ogt attaches an o-glcnac moiety to proteins , while o-glcnacase ( oga ) catalyzes o-glcnac removal.
in skeletal muscle of experimental animals , prolonged increase in o-glcnacylation associates with age and muscle atrophy.
in addition , the associations of ogt and oga gene expressions with muscle phenotype were analyzed.
ogt and oga mrna levels were measured from muscle samples obtained at baseline and after one year.
knee extensor muscle cross-sectional area ( csa ) , knee extension force , running speed and vertical jumping height were measured.
during the yearlong intervention , hrt suppressed the aging-associated upregulation of ogt mrna that occurred in the controls.
the effects of pt were similar but weaker.
hrt also tended to increase the oga mrna level compared to the controls.
the change in the ratio of ogt to oga gene expressions correlated negatively with the change in muscle csa.
our results suggest that ogt and oga gene expressions are associated with muscle size during the critical postmenopausal period.
background : it is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males , although results from studies have been contradictory.
searches were conducted in embase and medline ( by @date@ ) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators.
we calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses.
heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression.
there was little evidence that these associations varied by age group ( p = 1.00 ) or cell type ( p = 0.29 ) .
this difference was not associated with random measurement error.
further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required.
inflammatory signaling driven by the angiotensin ii cascade perpetrates adverse age-associated arterial structural and functional remodeling.
importantly , the molecular mechanisms of arterial aging are also relevant to the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
in @number@ news from research has clearly shown that dermatology is bound to occupy a more important place in fundamental research.
this paper outlines a selection of scientific works published between @date@ and @date@ or presented as communications at the iid meeting.
in both deficiency states there is often dissociation between the neuropsychiatric and the hematologic complications.
there is a similar overlap and dissociation between neurologic and hematologic manifestations of inborn errors of folate and vitamin b12 metabolism.
low folate and raised homocysteine levels are risk factors for dementia , including alzheimer's disease , and depression.
the inappropriate administration of folic acid in the presence of vitamin b12 deficiency may lead to both neurologic and , later , hematologic relapse.
impaired maternal folate intake and status increases the risk of neural tube defects.
periconceptual prophylactic administration of the vitamin reduces , but does not eliminate the risk of neural tube defects even in the absence of folate deficiency.
we report three studies comparing the correlations of young and older adults in a broad range of episodic memory and executive function tasks.
the results indicated that memory and executive performance were consistently and significantly correlated in older but not in younger adults.
regression analyses confirmed that age-related differences in episodic memory performance could be explained by individual differences in executive functioning.
the results are consistent with the view that memory functioning in aging is accompanied by a shift from automatic to controlled forms of processing.
introduction : improving the access to information on determinants of the smoking epidemic is essential for increasing the effectiveness of tobacco control policies.
while the statistics of smoking prevalence in poland are available , data on smoking initiation and its social correlates are still poorly described.
objective : to investigate the association of socio-demographic indicators with regular smoking initiation among adults.
materials and method : data from the global adult tobacco survey ( gats ) on socio-demographic and smoking-related characteristics of respondents were used.
gats is a nationally representative household survey.
gats provided data on a representative sample of @number@ adult individuals @number@ male and @number@ female ever smokers.
logistic regression analysis was performed and the χ2 test for relevant calculations.
mean age of smoking initiation was lower in men compared to women ( @number@.4±3.6 vs. @number@.0± @number@ p < @number@ ) .
older age , vocational education and unemployment were associated with regular smoking initiation among men and women.
perceived control plays an important role for remaining cognitively fit across adulthood and old age.
results indicated that participants in both age groups experienced significant difficulties in using the phr to complete routine health management tasks.
data also showed that older adults , particularly those with lower numeracy and technology experience , encountered greater problems using the system.
furthermore , data revealed that the cognitive abilities predicting one's task performance varied according to the complexity of the task.
results from this study identify important factors to consider in the design of phrs so that they meet the needs of middle-aged and older adults.
growth-curve models revealed that distance to death was more predictive of declines in life satisfaction than chronological age.
wtl moderated , but did not mediate , death-related decline in life satisfaction.
those with high wtl did not show a decrease in life satisfaction as death approached.
this study highlights an important motivational construct , wtl , which regulates life satisfaction when death approaches.
furthermore , we examined whether patients classified as aapr-secure reported better adjustment to medical burden in terms of higher life satisfaction than did insecure patients.
attachment security was independently related to life satisfaction.
moreover , the association between medical burden and lower life satisfaction was significantly stronger for insecure than for secure participants.
our findings indicate that interventions to improve attachment security or coping processes related to attachment could help older adults retain life satisfaction.
theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
research on age differences in emotional responses to daily stress has produced inconsistent findings.
higher levels of gps predicted amplified na responses to daily stress , and controlling for gps eliminated age differences in na responses to stressors.
no age differences in na responses as a function of stressor severity were observed.
in contrast , older age was associated with less of a decrease in pa when exposed to recent stressors or with more severe recent stressors.
together , these results support the notion that chronic stress plays a central role in emotional experience in daily life.
we discuss the implications of these results for emotion theories of aging.
generalized linear mixed models were used to examine longitudinal trajectories of everyday functional limitations by diagnostic stability / progression.
change in functional impairment progressed slowly in the early disease groups , but showed an accelerated worsening in those converting to dementia.
vision research supports dual-learning systems that are grounded in neuroscience and are partially dissociable.
the reflexive , information-integration system is striatally mediated and operates by implicitly associating perception with actions that lead to reinforcement.
we examine the extent to which dual-learning systems mediate auditory and speech learning in younger and older adults.
experiment @number@ examined natural auditory category learning , and found an age-related performance deficit.
computational modeling suggested that this was attributable to older adults ' persistent reliance on suboptimal , unidimensional strategies when 2-dimensional strategies were optimal.
working memory capacity was also found to be associated with improved rule-based and natural auditory category learning , but not information-integration category learning.
here , a group of @number@ healthy older adults and a comparison group of @number@ young adults completed a multidomain assessment of sa.
whereas younger participants tended to underestimate their attentional control and memory functioning relative to informant reports , older adults significantly overestimated their abilities.
these novel findings suggest that an important aspect of the neuropsychology of healthy aging has hitherto been overlooked.
older adults switched less frequently than younger adults and this effect was the same at each rsi.
older adults ' task selection was unaffected by stimulus repetitions indicating that they were less flexible with the processing they used to guide task selection.
these findings are consistent with previous observations of age-related increases in goal shielding , but not with age-related deficits in task goal maintenance.
robust age differences in switch costs were observed across rsis suggesting that task reconfiguration processes are different following endogenous than exogenous task selection.
cognitive activity is thought to provide some protection against dementia , but the mechanism and timing of these effects are unknown.
overall , our analyses suggest cautious optimism for cognitive activities , especially game playing , as a strategy for preserving cognitive strengths in midlife.
how do younger and older adults remember reputational trait information about other people ?
in the present study , trustworthy-looking and untrustworthy-looking faces were paired with cooperation or cheating in a cooperation game.
the social expectations of younger and older adults were clearly affected by a priori facial trustworthiness.
however , younger adults used a flexible encoding strategy to remember the social interaction partners.
source-memory was best for information that violated their ( positive ) expectations.
older adults , in contrast , showed a uniform memory bias for negative social information ; their memory performance was not modulated by their expectations.
this finding suggests that older adults are less likely to adjust their encoding strategies to their social expectations than younger adults.
this may be in line with older adults ' motivational goals to avoid risks in social interactions.
events often include novel combinations of items.
sometimes , through the process of integration , we experience and remember these items as parts of a whole rather than as separate entities.
we discuss possible age-related differences in the processes used to create emotional and nonemotional integrations.
childhood and adolescent mental health have a lasting impact on adult life chances , with strong implications for subsequent health , including cognitive aging.
associations between adolescent conduct and emotional problems and future memory were of negligible magnitude.
this dissociation is relevant because of recent evidence that has suggested healthy aging compromises the basal ganglia system earlier than the medial temporal lobes.
however , few studies have investigated how healthy aging influences these cognitive processes.
here , we examined both feedback-based associative learning and generalization in younger , middle-aged , and older adults using a computerized acquired equivalence task.
results revealed a significant effect of age group on feedback-based associative learning , consistent with evidence of persistent age-related declines in the basal ganglia.
in contrast , generalization was spared in all but the oldest adult group , likely reflecting preserved medial temporal lobe function until advanced old age.
our findings add behavioral evidence to the emerging view that healthy aging affects the striatal system before the medial temporal lobes.
although further evidence is needed , this finding may shed light on the possible time course of neural system dysfunction in healthy aging.
experiment @number@ followed the same procedure using a choice between @number@ hospitals for minor surgery.
this choice was assumed to trigger a stronger orientation toward the prevention of losses than the choice between travel packages.
importantly , older adults remembered more negative information in the choice condition compared with younger adults.
taken together , results suggest that the processing of decision-relevant information promotes a stronger focus on negative information in older adults.
we examined whether normal aging spares or compromises cue-driven spontaneous retrieval processes that support prospective remembering.
we found age differences for nonfocal , but not focal , prospective-memory performance.
young and older adults showed significant slowing when the exact prospective-memory cue was presented.
only young adults , however , showed significant slowing to the semantically related lure items.
collectively , these results partially support the multiprocess theory prediction that aging spares spontaneous retrieval processes.
we report here that the leptomeningeal cells transduce inflammatory signals from peripheral macrophages to brain-resident microglia in response to porphyromonas gingivalis ( p.g. )
lps.
in in vitro studies , p.g.
lps induced the secretion of tnf-α and il-1β from thp-1 human monocyte-like cell line and raw264.7 mouse macrophages.
surprisingly , the mean mrna levels of tnf-α and il-1β in leptomeningeal cells after treatment with the conditioned medium from p.g.
lps-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages were significantly higher than those after treatment with p.g.
lps alone.
furthermore , the mean mrna levels of tnf-α and il-1β in microglia after treatment with the conditioned medium from p.g.
lps-stimulated leptomeningeal cells were significantly higher than those after p.g.
lps alone.
moreover , propolis significantly reduced the p.g.
lps-induced tnf-α and il-1β production by leptomeningeal cells through inhibiting the nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway.
together with the inhibitory effect on microglial activation , propolis may be beneficial in preventing neuroinflammation during chronic periodontitis.
the effects of hyperthyroidism on b-cell physiology are still poorly known.
using enzyme-linked immunospot assay , an increased number of splenic immunoglobulin-secreting b-cells from t3-treated mice was detected ex vivo.
similar results were observed in mice immunized with hen egg lysozyme and aluminum adjuvant alone or together with treatment with t3.
these findings indicate that a stimulatory effect on plasma cell differentiation could occur in untreated patients with graves ' disease.
the cbfv was measured using transcranial doppler ultrasound , simultaneously with oxyhaemoglobin ( o2hb ) using near-infrared spectroscopy and beat-to-beat bp measurements using finapres.
postural manoeuvres were performed to induce haemodynamic fluctuations.
cerebrovascular co2 reactivity was tested with hyperventilation and co2 inhalation.
in conclusion , there was no decline in dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular co2 reactivity with increasing age up to @number@ years.
objective : the incidence of preterm birth is increasing worldwide.
only papers which included preterm infants in their study population and specifically assessed is were included.
results : we identified and reviewed @number@ suitable publications representing @number@ separate cohorts , of which @number@ had a term control group.
the heterogeneity of the methods used to measure is precluded meta-analysis.
in infancy and early childhood there is a measurable association between is and preterm birth.
in later childhood and adulthood the strength of this association reduces , and current body composition becomes the variable most strongly associated with is.
outcome measures included a1c and the modified physical performance test ( mppt ) .
results : asd was effective in reducing a1c and frailty in participants who did and did not use a walking aid.
the reduction in a1c was similar for the @number@ groups.
the reduction in frailty was greater for the group that used a walking aid.
conclusion : physical activity , a keystone for blood glucose control , is difficult for older adults who are frail.
asd provides a model for dsme that may reduce frailty of participants and increase their capacity for physical activity.
increased brain iron content has been linked to neural degeneration and to age-related decline of cognitive and motor functions.
however , it is unclear if increased bg iron content contributes to age differences in hand grasp performance.
senescence is a form of cellular aging that limits the proliferative capacity of cells.
senescence can be triggered by different stress stimuli , such as dna damage or oncogene activation.
these findings are exciting and have important implications for the understanding of normal developmental and the evolutionary origin of senescence.
objective : to explore cohort effects on age- and alzheimer disease ( ad ) -related neuropathologic changes.
methods : we compared amyloid deposition in autopsied cases aged @number@ years and older who died between @number@ and @number@
we included consecutive cases for 1972-1975 , @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and 2000-2006.
we used linear regression models to assess period effects after adjustment for age , cognitive status , and neurofibrillary tangle ( nft ) staging.
we calculated amyloid / nft stage ratios to account for possible changes in ad prevalence / severity over time.
recent cohorts had lower amyloid deposition.
cohort effects were highly significant ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the strong cohort effect we describe may influence the performance of early amyloid-based ad markers.
it also provides preclinical evidence supporting recently described decreases in ad incidence.
this trend , if confirmed in community-based studies , may lead to new insights in our understanding of both normal and pathologic brain aging.
while the electrophysiological responses to unexpected sounds have been extensively studied , behavioral distraction has received relatively less attention until recently.
in this paper , i review work examining the cognitive underpinnings of behavioral distraction by deviant sounds and highlight some of its key determinants.
participants were administered : cogstate computerized neurocognitive battery , prospective retrospective memory questionnaire , personality and meaning-in-life measures.
results : smcs were associated with poorer performance on measures of executive function ( p = @number@ ) .
smcs were also associated with impaired delayed recall ( p = @number@ ) but this did not remain significant after statistical adjustment for multiple comparisons.
smcs were inversely associated with conscientiousness ( p = @number@ ) and directly associated with neuroticism ( p < @number@ ) .
factors contributing to meaning-in-life were associated with fewer smcs ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : smcs may reflect early , subtle cognitive changes and are associated with personality traits and meaning-in-life in healthy , older adults.
to address this aim , cognitive interviewing techniques were used during face-to-face semistructured interviews with @number@ adults age 65-89 years.
they also struggled to accurately estimate the frequency and duration of their activities.
our findings suggest that aas questions may be interpreted differently by older adults than intended by survey developers.
findings also suggest that older adults use a range of methods for calculating pa frequency and duration.
the issues revealed in this study may be useful for adapting aas for use in older community-dwelling adults.
data from @number@ independently living women aged @number@ and older were analyzed using principal components analysis ( pca ) .
pca identified two factors , on which @number@ of the original @number@ items had loaded sufficiently to be eligible for inclusion in a short version.
the adap short version is considerably shorter than the original test and provides a good representation of the constructs being measured.
more research is necessary to develop a short version of the adap that is easily applicable in the home environment of older adults.
purpose : the present study examined the effect of aging on female reproductive potential.
methods : six-week-old and 9-month-old cd1 mice were referred to as the ' young ' and ' aged ' groups , respectively.
oocytes were collected after superovulation , and their viability were compared using parthenogenetic activation.
conclusions : we propose that maternal aging significantly reduces the oocyte pool , superovulation efficiency and developmental potential and increases the oocyte aneuploidy rate.
background and aims : mental training has the potential to enhance motor performance and behavior in older adults.
yet several studies have revealed age-related alteration of motor imagery ( mi ) ability , suggesting that mental training is not applicable for older adults.
the purpose of the present study was to estimate mi performance in older adults , taking into account task requirements.
path length and width were constant across tasks.
mi ability was also measured with the controllability of motor imagery test , in which body parts have to be controlled and manipulated mentally.
in addition , participants reported self-rated clarity of their mi in both tests after each trial.
results : our data suggest no generalized alteration in mi of walking with different task requirements among older adults.
a significant age × condition × task interaction emerged , but this result could not be attributed to a specific task requirement in post-hoc tests.
for controllability of mi , older adults showed alterations in imagining body postures.
these results showed dissociation with the self-rated clarity in both tests.
conclusion : the present findings suggest that older adults show no age-related alterations in mi for familiar movements.
mental training of familiar movements could therefore be feasible for older adults and enables promising intervention strategies.
the clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives.
unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution.
assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for @percent@ of @number@ database entries.
clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for @number@ variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature.
unlabelled : frozen biospecimens are crucial for translational research and contain well-preserved nucleic acids and protein.
however , the risks of freezer failure as well as space , cost , and environmental concerns of frozen biospecimens are substantial.
objective : the purpose of the study was to review the current status of room temperature biospecimen storage.
methods : we searched pubmed and vendor websites to identify relevant information.
stabilization solutions can now robustly preserve fresh tissue for up to 7days at room temperature.
however , anatomic pathology biorepositories store mostly frozen tissue rather than nucleic acids.
small quantities of tissue can be directly placed on some chemical matrices to stabilize dna , however rna and proteins are not preserved.
current lyophilization approaches can preserve histomorphology , dna , rna , and proteins though rna shows moderate degradation after 1-2years.
formalin-free fixatives show improved but varying abilities to preserve nucleic acids and face validation as well as cost barriers in replacing ffpe specimens.
the paraffin embedding process can degrade rna.
progression of brain ageing is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
surprisingly , mouse lines with genetic impairment of anti-oxidative capacity generally did not show enhanced cognitive ageing but rather an increased sensitivity to oxidative challenge.
mouse lines with impaired mitochondrial activity had critically short life spans or severe and rapidly progressing neurodegeneration.
brain ageing is accompanied by an increased risk of developing alzheimer's disease.
the 3xtg ad model likely has the highest face and construct validity but further studies are needed.
adding a multibiomarker risk score may improve discriminatory ability.
we derived and compared @number@ prediction models.
we assessed their predictive accuracy in terms of discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration analyses.
results : the multibiomarker risk score was associated significantly with risk for be.
although physical fitness is generally very low in older adults with intellectual disabilities ( id ) , levels may differ across subgroups.
it is important to identify which subgroups need to be targeted specifically in physical activity and fitness interventions and reference values.
thigh muscle intramf fractions , muscle area and strength , and function were compared between controls and roa subjects , adjusting for age.
relationships between measures of muscle fat / area with strength , function , kl and lesion scores were assessed using regression and correlational analyses.
results : the roa group had worse koos scores but sct and 6mwt were not different.
the roa group had greater quadriceps intramf fraction but not for other muscles.
quadriceps strength was lower in roa group but the area was not different.
quadriceps intramf fraction but not area predicted self-reported disability.
aging , worse kl , and cartilage and meniscus lesions were associated with higher quadriceps intramf fraction.
these latent dimensions , or \ "topics , \ " provide a sparse summary of the generative process behind the features for each individual.
topic modeling , an unsupervised generative model , has been used to map seemingly disparate features to a common domain.
we compare four different nmf algorithms and find that the sparsest decomposition is also the most differentiating between adhd and healthy patients.
for example , structural and functional graph theory features related to default mode subnetworks clustered with the adhd-inattentive diagnosis.
ventral dmn subnetworks may have more functional connections in adhd-i , while dorsal dmn may have less.
adhd topics are dependent upon diagnostic site , suggesting diagnostic differences across geographic locations.
we assess our findings in light of the adhd-200 classification competition , and contrast our unsupervised , nominated topics with previously published supervised learning methods.
finally , we demonstrate the validity of these latent variables as biomarkers by using them for classification of adhd in @number@ patients.
cumulatively , this manuscript addresses how multimodal data in adhd can be interpreted by latent dimensions.
xinjiang province , china is recognized for the longevity of its inhabitants.
@number@ natural water samples were collected from the public papers.
natural water in northern xinjiang was mainly fresh soft water , and it was mainly fresh hard water and brackish hard water in southern xinjiang.
as the number of older adults continues to rise worldwide , the prevention of physical disability among seniors is an increasingly important public health priority.
within this work , we also discuss potential future research directions in this area.
acoustic radiation force impulse ( arfi ) is an image-guided ultrasound elastography method that allows quantification of liver stiffness by measurement of shear wave velocity.
another purpose was to evaluate the effects of site of measurement , age , gender and body mass index on liver stiffness values.
this prospective study included @number@ healthy children ( newborn to @number@ y ) divided into four age groups.
age had a small effect on shear wave measurements.
arfi is a non-invasive technique that is feasible to perform in children with both the @number@ c1 and @number@ l4 probes.
the aforementioned velocity values obtained in the right lobe may be used as reference values for normal liver stiffness in children.
pain is common in the aging population , particularly among older residents of nursing homes.
exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention that can reduce pain and improve physical and psychological functions.
three-hundred-ninety-six older residents with chronic pain were recruited from @number@ nursing homes run by non-governmental organizations in hong kong.
the average age of the older residents was @number@ ± @number@
pep was an eight-week training program given by a physiotherapist and nurses once a week.
it consisted of warm-up exercises , muscle strengthening , stretching , balancing , and self-administered massage to acupressure points.
the control group received no training during the eight weeks.
fragile sites are conserved loci predisposed to form breaks in metaphase chromosomes.
the inherent instability of these loci is associated with chromosomal rearrangements in cancers and is a feature of cells from patients with chromosomal instability syndromes.
we discuss recent developments in the cfs field ; in particular , the role of dna structure-specific endonucleases in promoting cleavage at cfss.
with advancing age , the ability of humans to detect and discriminate odors declines.
a rich literature documents the decline of olfactory acuity in aged humans , but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.
by stimulating glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis bdnf bolsters cellular bioenergetics and protects neurons against injury and disease.
by acting in the brain and periphery , bdnf increases insulin sensitivity and parasympathetic tone.
novel bdnf-focused interventions are being developed for obesity , diabetes , and neurological disorders.
objectives : sleep apnea poses an elevated risk for chronic age-related diseases.
we investigated if a history of clinician-diagnosed sleep apnea or primary snoring was associated with ltl in later adulthood.
methods : data on sleep apnea , primary snoring and ltl , were available for @number@ participants from the helsinki birth cohort study.
results : a history of sleep apnea was associated with shorter ltl ( p = .010 ) .
adjustment for a number of covariates did not alter the association.
future studies elucidating the impacts of long-term or successful treatment history of sleep apnea on the maintenance of ltl are warranted.
methylglyoxal exerts several biological activities.
among these it promotes advanced glycation end products ( ages ) , which are crucial in pathogenesis of human disease.
previous studies have demonstrated that mg reacts with proteins and compositional modifications reflect loss of biological activity.
furthermore we evaluated fluorescent advanced glycation end products ( ex = 370nm , em = 440nm ) and the activity of hdl-paraoxonase.
results : we demonstrated that human hdl is susceptible to glycation by mg ( @number@.2mmol / l and 1mmol / l ) .
the decrease of free amino groups and of intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan demonstrates hdl apoprotein modifications in hdl incubated with mg.
conclusions : hdl-associated paraoxonase is responsible for the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of hdl and detoxification against homocysteine-thiolactone.
inflammatory mechanisms are activated in aging and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases , such as parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 ) contribute to both idiopathic and familial forms of pd.
basal cyclooxygenase ( cox ) -2 rna levels were very high in the fibroblasts of all patients.
remarkably , lrrk2 silencing experiments significantly reduced basal cox-2 levels and cox-2 induction after a pro-inflammatory stimulus.
furthermore , the response to lipopolysaccharide was defective in these @number@ groups , which showed weak induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced nfκb transcriptional activation.
in summary , we describe multiple defects in inflammatory pathways in which lrrk2 appears to be critically involved.
further studies are required to establish the therapeutic implications of inflammatory dysregulation in the pathophysiology of parkinson's disease.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a devastating motor neuron disease including about @percent@ of genetically determined forms.
this q388stop mutation deleting the last @number@ amino acids was shown to impair activity-dependent dendritic outgrowth.
as these variants were not found in single nucleotide polymorphism databases and were absent from @number@ controls they could be new ss18l1 mutations causing als.
we performed comparative 2-dimensional immunoblotting of prp ( c ) charge isoforms in csf samples from cohorts of diseased and control donors.
mean levels of total prp ( c ) were significantly lower in the csf from fcjd patients than from those with scjd or ffi.
furthermore , truncated prp ( c ) species were detected in scjd and control samples without discernible differences.
five ad biomarkers are sufficiently validated to have been incorporated into clinical diagnostic criteria and commonly used in therapeutic trials.
current ad biomarkers fall into two categories : biomarkers of amyloid-β plaques and of tau-related neurodegeneration.
three of the five are imaging measures and two are cerebrospinal fluid analytes.
ad biomarkers do not evolve in an identical manner but rather in a sequential but temporally overlapping manner.
models of the temporal evolution of ad biomarkers can take the form of plots of biomarker severity ( degree of abnormality ) versus time.
forward loss of balance was achieved by releasing participants from a static forward lean angle.
all participants were instructed to attempt to recover balance by taking a rapid single step.
a scalable anatomical model consisting of @number@ degrees-of-freedom was used to compute kinematics and joint moments from motion capture and force plate data.
these groups served as reinforcements and had @number@ mass ratios of fillers ( filler + resin ) at @percent@ and @percent@.
anova test was used to analyze the differences.
results : specimens with lower amounts of silica-treated fillers exhibited more variations in color than specimens with larger amounts of fillers.
the main color variation was observed within the dried specimens after @number@ hours of immersion.
the color difference stabilized within @number@ days.
the endosomal-lysosomal system plays important roles in cellular physiology.
here we provide general methods to purify lipid microdomain proteins and to discriminate cell surface lipid microdomains-associated glycohydrolases from those not exposed on cell surface.
however , little investigated aspects are the perceptions and experiences of older adults regarding the use of these facilities.
methods : the study conducts semi-structured interviews with @number@ senior ofe users at two parks in taiwan.
respondents also raised issues related to safety , maintenance , and management of ofe.
conclusions : ofe appears to meet the health needs of seniors , but improved management is necessary to ensure safety.
further research would reveal the actual behavior involving ofe use and use's relationship to the physical activity of seniors.
to help persons with this disease perform a variety of activities , our research team developed ap@lz , an electronic organiser specifically designed for them.
two participants with alzheimer's disease learned how to use ap@lz in their daily lives by following a structured learning method.
background : coffee is a major dietary source of antioxidants as well as of other anti-inflammatory factors.
given the beneficial role of such factors in periodontal disease , whether coffee intake is associated with periodontal disease in adult males was explored.
methods : existing data collected by a prospective , closed-panel cohort study of aging and oral health in adult males was used.
mean age at baseline was @number@ years ; males were followed for up to @number@ years.
participants are not va patients ; rather , they receive their medical and dental care in the private sector.
moderate-to-severe periodontal disease was defined as cumulative numbers of teeth exhibiting pd ≥4 mm or abl ≥40%.
coffee intake was obtained from participant self-reports using the cornell medical index and food frequency questionnaires.
multivariate repeated-measures generalized linear models estimated mean number of teeth with moderate-to-severe disease at each examination by coffee intake level.
results : it was found that higher coffee consumption was associated with a small but significant reduction in number of teeth with periodontal bone loss.
no evidence was found that coffee consumption was harmful to periodontal health.
conclusion : coffee consumption may be protective against periodontal bone loss in adult males.
participants were administered self-referent metacognitive efficiency , subjective wellness and depression measures.
results : sardinian elders self-rated lower levels of depression and cognitive failures and had greater levels of emotional competence.
conclusions : perceived psychological well-being , metacognitive efficiency and depression seem to be affected by sociocultural context.
method : a two-group comparison design was implemented.
of the @number@ enrolled dyads , 18completed post-treatment assessments ( i.e. @number@ intervention and @number@ comparison group ) .
individuals with dementia were m = 82.8 ( sd = 6.46 ) years old ; @percent@ were men and @percent@ were women.
participants were predominantly white / caucasian ( n = 18 , @percent@ ) with one black / african-american ( @percent@ ) .
individuals in the intervention group were also observed to exhibit higher levels of coping.
feasibility data collected from participants and interventionists were encouraging.
conclusion : emotion-focused , patient-centered interventions like pipac hold promise for advancing treatment options in the early and mild stages of dementia.
methods : the panel data are from two waves of the norwegian study on the life course , ageing and generations ( norlag ) .
for the whole sample , older age and a high level of personal mastery were the most important predictors.
for those aged 60-69 , high personal mastery was the only independent predictor of a younger sap.
for those aged 70-79 years , only health - good mental and physical health - independently predicted a younger sap.
conclusions : most respondents feel younger than their chronological age , the more the older they are.
self-rated physical and mental health and personal mastery are associated with sap and vary in different age groups.
object : a spinal epidural abscess ( sea ) is a rare but severe infection requiring prompt recognition and management.
the optimal management of seas in patients @number@ years of age and older remains a matter of considerable debate.
in an older patient population with multiple comorbidities , whether intravenous antibiotics alone or in combination with surgery lead to superior outcomes remains unknown.
methods : eighty-two patients underwent treatment for a spinal epidural abscess between @number@ and @number@
the mean duration of clinical follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ weeks.
the correlation between pretreatment variables and outcomes was evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis.
results : back pain and severe motor deficits were the most common presenting symptoms.
compared with baseline neurological status , the majority of patients ( @percent@ ) reported being neurologically \ "better \ " or \ "unchanged. \ "
free radicals are atoms , molecules or ions with unpaired electrons.
in biological systems , free radicals can have a dual role , being beneficial in some situations and deleterious in others.
free radicals are required for normal cellular metabolism , but they lead to cellular degeneration if overproduced.
therefore , when there is an oxidant / anti-oxidant imbalance , no matter what direction , cells are likely to be damaged.
therefore , there have been many attempts to employ antioxidants treat inner ear damage.
however , antioxidant therapy could be harmful if the improper compound or dose is employed.
effective antioxidant therapy requires prior knowledge of the type ( s ) of oxidative stress occurring in real time in the inner ear.
if only a single anti-oxidant is used to treat a disease , it may disturb subsequent steps the oxidative / anti-oxidative chain reaction.
in addition , hydrogen has no cytotoxic effects to cells so that it provides a near ideal therapy to eliminate toxic free radicals.
upon kidney injury , endogenous ligands can be released which are recognized by innate immune sensors to alarm innate immune system.
a new family of innate sensors is the family of trem ( triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell ) .
trem1 is an activating receptor and requires association with transmembrane adapter molecule dap12 ( dnax-associated protein @number@ ) for cell signaling.
so far , several studies have shown that tlrs play a role in obstructive nephropathy but the contribution of trem1-dap12 herein is unknown.
in patients with hydronephrosis , trem1 positive cells were observed in renal tissue.
we showed that in kidneys from wt mice , dap12 mrna and trem1 mrna and protein levels were elevated upon uuo.
renal fibrosis was comparable in wt , trem1 / 3 double ko and dap12 ko mice.
we conclude that dap12 , partly through trem1 / 3 , is involved in renal inflammation during progression of uuo.
owing to a recent trend for delayed paternity , the genomic integrity of spermatozoa of older men has become a focus of increased interest.
this phenomenon , termed selfish spermatogonial selection , is likely to occur in all men.
in rare cases , probably because of additional mutational events , selfish spermatogonial selection may lead to spermatocytic seminoma.
a subset of seminiferous tubules with an appearance and distribution compatible with the predicted mutant clones were identified.
background : changes in corpus callosum area and thickness have been reported in bipolar disorder.
imaging and limited neuropathological data suggest possible abnormalities in myelination and / or glial function.
results : the bipolar group had smaller overall and subregional callosal areas and correspondingly reduced callosal width than the control group.
age correlated negatively with callosal area in the control group but not in the bipolar group.
signal intensity was higher in women than in men in both groups.
signal intensity was reduced in women , but not in men , in the bipolar group.
intensity changes are consistent with possible altered myelination or glial function.
a gender-dependent factor appears to operate and to interact with diagnosis.
weight loss is prevalent in the elderly population , with deleterious health consequences , notably loss of lean body mass and subsequent functional decline.
our objective was to assess the relation between protein intake and incident 1-y weight loss ≥5% in community-dwelling older adults.
diet was measured by @number@ nonconsecutive 24-h recalls.
ors ( @percent@ cis ) for the association between protein intake and weight loss were computed by using conditional logistic regression.
our results suggest that protein intakes > 1.0 g / ( kg · d ) are protective against weight loss in healthy older adults.
these findings add epidemiologic evidence in support of higher optimal protein intakes than the current guidelines for healthy older adults.
inhb concentrations are highest in the follicular phase of the cycle.
intracycle variability of inhb and amh were assessed after aligning to the lh surge.
a surge of inhb was noted following the lh surge in 16 / 20 cycles.
episodic increases in inhb occurred in 17 / 20 cycles prior to the lh surge.
in the luteal phase , inhb decreased or became undetectable and did not demonstrate episodic secretion.
limitations , reasons for caution : the study population is small and in the mid-to-late reproductive age group.
single daily sampling may not detect more frequent variability ( i.e. pulses ) in hormone levels.
study funding / competing interest ( s ) : general clinical research center for phlebotomy work has been supported in part by nih grant ul1rr024986.
recruitment and data analyses were supported by the center for integrated approaches to complex diseases ( sd harlow , director ) .
the authors report no conflicts of interest.
mrs studies in scn1a-related diseases have reported striking differences in the mi concentrations between patients and controls.
in a study on ' healthy aging' , we investigated metabolite spectra in a sample of @number@ healthy volunteers and determined their age dependence.
we also investigated a potential link between scn1a and mi.
the linear association of cho ends at the age of about @number@ years and is followed by an inverted ' u'-shaped curve.
further , mi was higher in c allele carriers of the scn1a variant rs10930201.
methods : community-dwelling older adults were recruited from senior centers across pennsylvania.
participant residences were geocoded and categorized according to us department of agriculture rural-urban continuum codes.
participants reported prescription medications in a clinical interview.
psychotropic medications were categorized by class.
logistic regression models were estimated to assess the independent effect of residence on likelihood of psychotropic medication use.
results : geographic region was significantly associated with use of psychotropic medications.
psychotropic medication use was higher in less urban areas ( @percent@ ) relative to more urban areas ( @percent@ ) , p = @number@
use of psychotropic medications on the beers list also increased with less urban residence ( @number@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : older adults living in less urbanized areas are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic drugs.
this difference may indicate a health disparity based on access to geriatric specialists or mental health care.
up to @percent@ of heart failure patients suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms.
initiation of a prescribing cascade , whereby antimuscarinic agents or β3-agonists are added to treat symptoms of urinary urgency and incontinence , is best avoided.
recommendations and practical tips are provided that outline more judicious management of heart failure patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
background : falls are common in the elderly , especially in those with cognitive impairment.
the elderly are often treated with several medications , which may have both beneficial and deleterious effects.
the use and type of medication in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) patients and association with falls is limited.
objective : we examined the association between falls and medication use in the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative ( adni ) .
reports detailing adverse event falls were tabulated.
baseline characteristics were compared between subjects with and without one or more falls.
cox proportional hazards models were conducted to evaluate the association between subject characteristics and hazard of the first fall.
in the final multivariate model , after adjusting for covariates , alzheimer's medication use ( p = @number@ ) was associated with hazard of fall.
medication was changed by the clinician after an adverse fall event in @percent@ of the falls.
about @percent@ of the falls were reported as serious adverse events and @percent@ were reported to be severe.
additional pharmacovigilance of the association between falls and alzheimer's medication use is warranted.
dietary intake was assessed cross-sectionally using a food frequency questionnaire , and principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns from @number@ food groups.
six dietary patterns were identified.
there were no associations between any of the derived dietary patterns and capillary recruitment.
further prospective studies are needed to confirm the present association.
muscle samples of the vastus lateralis were collected before and during a 3-hour @number@ mu / m ( @number@ ) / min clamp.
aex + wl increased vo2max by @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) and decreased body weight ( @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
aex + wl had no effect on phosphorylation of akt or as160.
stem cell activity is tightly regulated during development and in adult tissues through the combined action of local and systemic effectors.
these characteristics of stem cells and their niches give organs an essential advantage to deal with aging , injury or pathological conditions.
this study is a phase iv , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , monocenter clinical trial.
analysis of covariance was used to compare treatment groups.
vitamin d3 supplementation significantly increased serum leptin and opg levels.
further , large-scale clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results.
the posterior eye is a complex biomechanical structure.
the surrounding sclera serves to counteract excessive deformation from these forces and thus to create a stable biomechanical environment for the ocular tissues.
additionally , the eye is a dynamic structure with connective tissue remodeling occurring as a result of aging and pathologies such as glaucoma and myopia.
here , we review notable findings and the consensus understanding on the biomechanics and microstructure of the posterior eye.
results from computational and numerical modeling studies and mechanical testing of ocular tissue are discussed.
we conclude with some speculation as to future trends in this field.
the key event caused by wrn gene mutation is the dysfunction of telomeres.
studies on normal aging have identified a molecular circuit in which the dysfunction of telomeres caused by cellular aging activates the tp53 gene.
this model also explains the relatively late onset of the disorder , at approximately age @number@
telomere dysfunction in ws is closely correlated with abnormality in tumorigenesis.
a more in-depth study was conducted on the @number@ cases in women.
data interpretation was based on classical authors and the recent national and international literature on the phenomenon.
women's motives for committing suicide differed partially from those of men.
like men , women committed suicide mainly by hanging themselves , and their suicide was frequently associated with degenerative illnesses and comorbidities.
the main differences were due to cultural gender issues.
the study highlights the importance of greater attention to the cumulative effect of problems with aging in women , especially those related to gender specificities.
methods : a mixed methods approach was adopted.
quantitative and qualitative data were collected by a survey of @number@ older ict users ( aged ≥50 years ) between @number@ and @number@
these data were supplemented by qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews , focus groups and storytelling.
quantitative data were analysed using pasw including bivariate and multivariate analyses.
qualitative data were analysed using an inductive , thematic approach.
results : the findings show that , contrary to some stereotypes , many older people are enthusiastic , competent and confident users of icts.
however , they report a range of challenges in reaching and maintaining this situation.
these include technological complexity and change , age-related capability changes and a lack of learning and support mechanisms.
intrinsic motivation and social support are important in enabling older people to overcome these challenges.
discussion : getting older people online has been a high priority in many countries over the past decade.
however , little attention has been paid to whether and how their usage can be sustained over time.
we discuss the implications of the findings for policy and practice.
methods : this was a prospective population-based cohort study of @number@ dementia-free italian community dwellers aged @number@ years or older.
mortality was unrelated to the cdis cdt ( p = @number@ ) and the shulman cdt ( p = @number@ ) .
however , combining the two measurements does not improve their individual prognostic abilities.
purpose : this study examined body-scaled information that specifies the reach patterns of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and children with typical development.
methods : nine children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy ( 3-5 years ) and @number@ age-matched children with typical development participated in the study.
they were required to reach and grasp @number@ different pairs of cubes.
reach data were coded as either a 1-handed reach or a 2-handed reach.
dimensionless ratios were calculated by dividing the cube size by the maximal aperture between the index finger and thumb.
a critical ratio was used to establish the shift from a 1-handed to an exclusive 2-handed reach.
results : the critical ratio was not significantly different for either preferred or nonpreferred arms within and between groups.
all children used an exclusive 2-handed reach at a similar dimensionless ratio.
originally identified using in vitro cellular models , this previously underestimated role of p53 has been confirmed in vivo in various genetically engineered mouse models.
objective : little is known about the effect of obesity on inflammatory status in pregnant women.
study design : this was a prospective case-control study.
infants born to ob mothers did not have statistically significantly higher measures of inflammation or oxidative stress.
there was no statistically significant difference in any parameter between ob and lc cord blood.
conclusion : ob pregnant women have increased inflammation and oxidative stress , and lower levels of nutritional antioxidant defenses compared with lc pregnant women.
we speculate that lower antioxidant defenses combined with increased oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to the adverse outcomes associated with pregnancy in ob women.
an active life style can postpone the aging process , prevent many aspects of functional decline and improve health and quality of life.
participants answered questions regarding health status and physical activity and performed functional tests.
better results for walkers were observed in most subjective and objective outcome measures.
walkers of both genders performed better in the following tests : chair stand , one leg stance , maximal walking speed and six min walking.
the difference between walkers and non-walkers was greater in men.
this study showed gender differences in the level of physical activity and functioning that must be taken into account when planning intervention programs.
the nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells and often represents the largest organelle.
background : mechanical properties of human digits may have significant implications for the hand function.
we quantified several mechanical characteristics of individual digits in young and older adults.
a modified quick-release paradigm was used to estimate digit apparent stiffness , damping , and inertial parameters.
unexpectedly , one of the sensors yielded leading to a quick displacement of the corresponding digit.
a second-order , linear model was used to fit the force / displacement data.
findings : friction of the digit pads was significantly lower in older adults.
the apparent stiffness coefficient values were higher while the damping coefficients were lower in older adults leading to lower damping ratio.
the damping ratio was above unity for most data in young adults and below unity for older adults.
quick release of a digit led to force changes in other digits of the hand , likely due to inertial hand properties.
interpretations : the decreased friction and damping ratio present challenges for the control of everyday prehensile tasks.
they may lead to excessive digit forces and low stability of the grasped object.
background : current , ongoing national surveys do not include questions about end-of-life ( eol ) issues.
in particular , population-based data are lacking regarding the factors associated with advance directive completion.
multiple logistic regression analyses identified independent predictors related to advance directive completion.
results : of the @number@ respondents , @percent@ had an advance directive.
the most frequently reported reason for not having one was lack of awareness.
advance directive completion was associated with older age , more education , and higher income and was less frequent among non-white respondents.
respondents with advance directives also were more likely to report having a chronic disease and a regular source of care.
advance directives were less frequent among those who reported not knowing if they had an eol concern.
background : non-diabetic offspring from long-lived parents benefit from lowered cv risk.
no study investigated the effects of parental lifespan on their progeny when offspring have t2dm.
this study assessed cv and metabolic features of t2dm offspring according to parental lifespan.
results : age was similar in [ llf & llm ] and [ slf & / or slm ] .
diabetes duration was longer in [ slf & / or slm ] ( p @number@ ) .
hba1c was higher ( @percent@ ) in [ slf & / or slm ] ( p @number@ ) .
background : in the epidemiology of late life depression , few insights are available on the co-occurrence of subthreshold depression and comorbid symptoms of anxiety.
depression and anxiety were assessed using the geriatric mental state examination ( gms-agecat package ) , providing subthreshold level and case-level diagnoses.
presence of anxiety symptoms was defined as at least three distinct symptoms of anxiety.
number of depressive symptoms was assessed with the euro-d scale.
the number of depressive symptoms is similar for those with subthreshold-level depression with comorbid anxiety , compared to case-level depression without symptoms of anxiety.
in turn , at case level , comorbid symptoms of anxiety are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and more functional disability.
limitations : gms-agecat is insufficiently equipped with diagnostic procedures to identify specific types of anxiety disorders.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : general community from two clinic sites in the united states ( pittsburgh , pennsylvania and memphis , tennessee ) .
results : over follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed dementia.
strategies aimed at reducing these disparities may favorably affect the incidence of dementia.
late-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a sporadic disorder with increasing prevalence in aging.
the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein e ( apoeɛ4 ) was the only known major risk factor for late onset ad.
trem2 is a receptor expressed on innate immune cells.
over the past several years we have shown that microglia play a dichotomous role in ad.
microglia can be protective and promote phagocytosis , degradation and ultimately clearance of aβ , the pathogenic protein deposited in the brains of alzheimer's patients.
trem2 has been shown to regulate the phagocytic ability of myeloid cells and their inflammatory response.
based on our discussion we propose that trem2 is a potential therapeutic target for stopping ordelaying progression of ad.
gpr55 internalization and signaling mediated by o-1602 was blocked by mnf in gpr55-expressing hek293 cells.
pretreatment of hepg2 and panc-1 cells with mnf significantly abrogated the induction of erk1 / 2 phosphorylation in response to am251 and o-1602.
this study shows for the first time that mnf impairs gpr55-mediated signaling and , therefore , may have therapeutic potential in the management of cancer.
parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ( lrrk2 carriers ) p.g2019s confers substantial genotypic and population attributable risk.
motor , autonomic , and cognitive assessments in idiopathic parkinson disease and lrrk2 patients were compared with regression models.
the age-associated cumulative incidence of lrrk2 parkinsonism was also estimated using case-control and family-based designs.
lrrk2 parkinsonism patients had slightly less gastrointestinal dysfunction and rapid eye movement sleep disorder.
overall , disease penetrance in lrrk2 carriers was @percent@ by @number@ years but women become affected a median @number@ years younger than men.
idiopathic parkinson disease patients with younger age at diagnosis have slower disease progression.
however , age at diagnoses does not predict progression in lrrk2 parkinsonism.
lrrk2 p.g2019s mutation is a useful aid to diagnosis and modifiers of disease in lrrk2 parkinsonism may aid in developing therapeutic targets.
no pathogenic expansion was found in ms and control populations , suggesting that c9orf72 does not play a major role in ms pathogenesis.
statement of problem : the lack of long-term bond stability between resin cements and dentin may compromise the success of indirect restorations.
material and methods : the occlusal dentin surfaces of @number@ human molars were exposed and flattened.
the teeth were assigned to @number@ groups ( n = 8 ) according to resin cement and in vitro aging strategy.
resin cements were applied to prepolymerized indirect resin disks , which were bonded to the dentin surfaces and light polymerized.
bonded beams were tested in tension until failure.
data ( mpa ) were analyzed by proc mixed for repeated measures and the tukey-kramer test ( α = .05 ) .
results : the self-adhesive resin cements exhibited higher microtensile bond strength than conventional cementing systems for all conditions studied.
the microtensile bond strength of relyx arc and self-adhesive resin cements did not decrease after storage in artificial saliva and mechanical load cycling.
the clearfil esthetic cement showed the lowest microtensile bond strength and a significant reduction after @number@ years of storage in artificial saliva.
conclusions : the storage times and mechanical load cycling did not affect the microtensile bond strength of self-adhesives and relyx arc resin cements.
the highest microtensile bond strength was obtained for self-adhesive resin cements , with no significant difference between them.
splanchnic sequestration can be saturated by pulse feeding ( @percent@ of daily protein intake in a single meal ) , enabling increased protein synthesis.
methods : this prospective randomized study enrolled @number@ elderly malnourished or at-risk patients in an inpatient rehabilitation unit.
results : protein pulse feeding was more efficient than protein spread feeding at increasing plasma postprandial aa concentrations , notably of essential aas.
older adults who visit emergency departments ( eds ) often experience delirium , but it is infrequently recognized.
twenty-two articles met all study inclusion criteria.
minimal information was identified to suggest the ideal scheduling of a delirium assessment process to maximize the recognition of this condition in the ed.
the ideal interval ( s ) during which a delirium screening process should take place has yet to be determined.
objective : to assess whether sensorimotor peripheral nerve function is associated with muscle power in community-dwelling older men.
design : longitudinal cohort study with @number@.3±0.3 years of follow-up.
setting : one clinical site.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : a nerve function ancillary study was performed @number@.6±0.4 years after baseline.
muscle power was measured using a power rig.
peroneal motor nerve conduction amplitude , distal motor latency , and mean f-wave latency were measured.
sensory nerve function was assessed using 10-g and @number@.4-g monofilaments and sural sensory nerve conduction amplitude and distal latency.
peripheral neuropathy symptoms at the leg and feet were assessed by self-report.
baseline @number@.4-g monofilament detection predicted a greater decline in muscle power / kg.
short-term change in nerve function was not associated with concurrent short-term change in muscle power / kg.
background : chemotherapy-induced alopecia ( cia ) is a frequent complication in patients with cancer.
there are an increasing number of reports of permanent cia.
objective : we investigated the clinical characteristics of cia , including permanent cia in childhood.
results : alopecia began at @number@ ± @number@ months and was sustained until @number@ ± @number@ months after chemotherapy initiation.
hair regrowth started @number@ ± @number@ months after chemotherapy ceased and lasted for @number@ ± @number@ months.
in all , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients experienced permanent cia.
thiotepa use was identified as a significant risk factor for permanent cia ( odds ratio @number@ p = @number@ ) .
limitations : cross-sectional study in a single-center is a limitation.
conclusion : cia is common in pediatric patients.
use of thiotepa is strongly associated with permanent cia.
objective : to estimate the prevalence and patterns of use of ppms and to measure the quality of ppm use.
almost two-thirds ( @percent@ ) of ppm users used ≥2 ppm classes.
conclusions : this study found that ppm use remains highly prevalent among long-stay medicare nh residents.
while antipsychotic use remained high ( @percent@ ) , little antipsychotic use was deemed inadequate by indication.
however , the 1-year prevalence of use , dose , and duration of use of other ppms remain high and potentially inadequate.
practitioners and policy-makers should heed both the high use and lower prescribing quality of antidepressants , anxiolytics , and sedative-hypnotics in nh residents.
ppi has never been studied in patients with multiple system atrophy ( msa ) , although sensorimotor deficits are frequently associated with synucleinopathies.
methods : @number@ patients with msa , @number@ patients with irbd , @number@ patients with pd , and @number@ healthy controls completed the study.
the same relation was found when using area under the curve.
no differences were found between groups for the @number@ ms-85 db and @number@ ms-85 db.
furthermore , blink reflex characteristics such as habituation did not differ between patients and controls.
conclusions : the present study showed that sensorimotor gating , as measured with ppi , is markedly reduced in msa.
ppi may be a non-invasive neurophysiological measure that can aid in the differential diagnosis between pd and msa.
cerebral perfusion is important in older adults as it is linked to cognitive declines.
physical activity can improve blood flow in the body but little is known about the relationship between physical activity and cerebral perfusion in older adults.
in particular , no study has investigated the relation between strength training and cerebral perfusion.
this interaction remained significant after controlling for other physical activity , demographics , and health variables.
these findings suggest that regular strength training can be beneficial for cerebrovascular health in women.
to suppress the level of gsk-3β , samp8 mice were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide ( gao ) directed at this kinase.
we measured a decreased level of gsk-3β in the cortex of the mice , indicating the success of the antisense treatment.
in cortex samples of the samp8 mice , decreased levels of protein carbonyl and protein-bound hne were measured , indicating decreased oxidative stress.
lastly , we examined the ability of gao to cross the blood-brain barrier and determined it to be possible.
our study supports the notion of gao as a possible treatment for ad.
overview : current interventions for age-related cognitive decline are reviewed in terms of stimulation- and compensation-focused interventions.
blinded photographic assessment of overall improvement , rhytides , skin texture , dyspigmentation , and telangiectasia was performed.
patient satisfaction was assessed in a standardized follow-up survey.
cost and practicality were compared.
differences existed in terms of cost and practicality.
conclusion : tfl can be used at high density and in simultaneous combination with other targeted laser modalities to achieve rejuvenation of the aging chest.
ipl achieves similar clinical efficacy.
the choice between treatment modalities depends on physician and patient preferences.
aim : after both oral and intravenous glucose administration , peripheral insulin concentrations are lower in trained compared with untrained humans.
part of this is explained by an adaptation within the β-cell.
methods : a 3½-h oral glucose tolerance test was performed in eleven trained and ten untrained , young , healthy men.
on a separate day , an isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion was performed matching the individual glucose concentrations obtained during the oral glucose tolerance test.
the study also assessed the extent of potentially inappropriate medication use ( using potentially unnecessary medications or potentially inappropriate prescribing ) among misdiagnosed patients.
results : following adjustment of sociodemographic characteristics , the misdiagnosed were found to have less severe cognitive and functional impairment.
among the misdiagnosed , @time@ % were treated with potentially inappropriate medication.
an additional analysis noted this rate could be as high as @percent@.
conclusions : findings highlight the importance of making an accurate ad diagnosis to help reduce unnecessary treatment and increase appropriate therapy.
additional research is needed to demonstrate the link between potentially inappropriate treatment and adverse health outcomes in misdiagnosed ad patients.
further , diagnosing skin diseases , for example , malignant melanoma , also can present challenges.
to the best of our knowledge , this is the first report of the application of computer technology to grading of nasolabial folds.
we hypothesize that , after additional studies , this technology also may be a useful tool to aid in diagnosing skin diseases.
aims and objectives : to evaluate nurses ' knowledge of guidelines for preventing infections associated with peripheral venous catheters.
background : guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections are an important tool to help healthcare professionals minimise the risk of infection.
however , they are not always applied by nurses.
the literature on this topic is limited , and no study examined this matter for peripheral venous catheters.
design : this cross-sectional study was carried out from @date@ - @date@ .
results : sixteen hospitals from six regions of italy participated , and @number@ questionnaires were collected.
the median score on @number@ questions was @number@ of @number@
of note , 52·6% of nurses advocated the use of steel needles , a potentially dangerous practice.
in multivariate analysis , a higher level of education and the area of work were associated with better test scores.
conclusion : the sample of nurses ' knowledge to some recommendations is frequently low.
this could be a potential risk factor for patient safety.
the results should sensitise healthcare managers to improve nursing training and education , according to clinical risk management perspectives.
relevance to clinical practice : these data request for more emphasis on international guidelines in infection prevention initiatives.
aim : elevation of homocysteine is associated with an increased risk for bone fractures.
we previously reported that the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( mthfr ) gene polymorphism is associated with homocysteine levels and fracture.
the association between the fracture and folate levels or their related gene polymorphisms is not completely clear.
methods : a total of @number@ japanese postmenopausal women participated in the association study between the single nucleotide polymorphism genotype and plasma homocysteine or folate.
we also tested the association between the candidate single nucleotide polymorphism and @number@ postmenopausal women.
a total of @number@ postmenopausal ambulatory japanese women were followed up for @number@ ± @number@ years ( mean ± se ) .
the aa genotype groups also showed an apparently higher rate and earlier onset of incident fractures than the other genotypes.
a total of @number@ participants had > 70% young-adult mean bone mineral density at the start of the observation.
conclusions : these results show that the slc25a32 gene polymorphism could be a risk factor for lower folate concentration and future fracture.
sexuality and sexual needs in older adults remains a neglected area of clinical intervention , particularly so in long-term care settings.
increases are likely associated with increases in care costs for chronic conditions , attributable in part to the aging of the population.
technology in the form of telehealth is one important tool to improve the efficiency of health care delivery.
a case study is used to illustrate these phenomena.
aortic stenosis is the most frequently acquired heart disease , and the prevalence is rising because of the aging population.
if the disease is left untreated , survival in symptomatic patients averages only @number@ to @number@ years.
transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( tavr ) is an innovative , high-tech , less invasive alternative.
apnea and rapid ventricular pacing are used to interrupt cardiac ejection during balloon valvuloplasty and prosthesis implantation.
the most significant complications include vascular damage , stroke , paravalvular aortic insufficiency , and heart block.
outcomes studies comparing tavr with medical management demonstrate improved patient survival , functional status , and quality of life.
currently tavr is considered the treatment of choice for patients who are not surgical candidates and is a proven alternative for high-risk surgical candidates.
dementia is one of the most important public health problems as a result of the rapid increase in the number of elderly persons worldwide.
improvement of prevention strategies and caring for people with dementia should be undertaken.
the screening was performed by @number@ neuropsychiatrists , using a modified form of the mini-mental state examination.
the prevalence of dementia was @percent@ for participants aged @number@ years or older and @percent@ for those aged @number@ years or older.
it increased steeply with increasing age to a maximum of @percent@ for those aged @number@ years or older.
coronary heart disease ( chd ) is the leading cause of death worldwide.
we review the published literature on rosuvastatin in chinese people.
rosuvastatin also shows anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis features , such as reducing carotid intima-media thickness and plaque area.
rosuvastatin can also improve the prognosis of chinese chd patients , such as in the case of acute myocardial infarction.
its adverse-event rate is low and comparable to other statins.
in conclusion , rosuvastatin is effective and safe for younger or elderly chinese patients.
gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors in adults.
as the population ages in western countries , the number of people being diagnosed with glioblastoma is expected to increase.
a few specific randomized studies have shown a benefit for radiotherapy in elderly patients with good performance status.
for patients with poor performance status , chemotherapy ( temozolomide ) has been shown to be associated with prolonged duration of response.
patients with methylated o ( @number@ ) -alkylguanine deoxyribonucleic acid alkyltransferase promoter seem to have better outcomes.
oncogeriatrics proposes the geriatric evaluation of elderly patients to improve therapeutic choices and optimize the management of treatment toxicities and comorbidities.
objective : to evaluate the effect of amyloid imaging on clinical decision making.
one hundred thirty-four concurrently underwent fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) -pet.
the association between pib / fdg results and changes in management was evaluated using χ ( @number@ ) and multivariate logistic regression.
postmortem diagnosis was available for @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
results : concordance between scan results and baseline diagnosis was high ( pib @percent@ , fdg @percent@ ) .
when examined independently , discordant pib and discordant fdg were both associated with diagnostic change ( unadjusted p < @number@ ) .
however , when examined together in a multivariate logistic regression , only discordant pib remained significant ( adjusted p = @number@ ) .
both pib ( @percent@ ) and fdg ( @percent@ ) showed high agreement with autopsy diagnosis.
conclusions : pet had a moderate effect on clinical outcomes.
discordant pib had a greater effect than discordant fdg , and influence on diagnosis was greater than on treatment.
prospective studies are needed to better characterize the clinical role of amyloid pet.
friends , family members , and medical caretakers notice that sometimes we have good days and sometimes we have bad days.
if these oscillations persist , then someone we know well may suggest consulting a physician because our bad days are interfering with our daily activities.
the cumulative incidence of dementia was @percent@ at @number@ year , @percent@ at @number@ @percent@ at @number@ @percent@ at @number@ and @percent@ at @number@ years.
the risk of dementia was elevated in mci cases ( hazard ratio [ hr ] @number@ p < @number@ ) compared with cn subjects.
conclusions : mci cases , including those who revert to cn , have a high risk of progressing to dementia.
this suggests that diagnosis of mci at any time has prognostic value.
we also considered longitudinal clinical data.
each pathologic subtype showed few distinctive features.
selective mutism occurred early , when general neurologic examination only showed mild decrease in finger dexterity in the right hand.
conclusions : clinical features in sporadic nfvppa caused by ftld subtypes relate to neurodegeneration of gm and wm in frontal motor speech and language networks.
we propose that early wm atrophy in nfvppa is suggestive of ftld-tau pathology while early selective gm loss might be indicative of ftld-tdp.
here we report the novel role of nkap in splicing.
with nkap-specific antibodies we found that nkap localizes to nuclear speckles.
nkap has an rs motif at the n-terminus followed by a highly basic domain and a duf @number@ domain at the c-terminal region.
deletion analysis showed that the basic domain is important for speckle localization.
in pull-down experiments , we identified rna-binding proteins , rna helicases and splicing factors as interaction partners of nkap , among them fus / tls.
the fus / tls-nkap interaction takes place through the rs domain of nkap and the rgg1 and rgg3 domains of fus / tls.
our results reveal nkap as nuclear speckle protein with roles in rna splicing and processing.
objectives : the authors investigate whether facial wrinkles are related to underlying lymphatic vessels and perilymphatic fat.
methods : lymphatic vessels with a specialized tube of perilymphatic fat were identified beneath palmar creases.
sections of skin , adipose tissue , and muscle were harvested from each of @number@ cadavers.
three sites were investigated : the transverse forehead crease , lateral orbicularis oculi wrinkle ( crow's feet ) , and the nasojugal crease.
the tissue was paraffin embedded and processed.
two-step indirect immunohistochemistry was performed , and images were examined using laser confocal microscopy.
measurements were taken with software.
results : every wrinkle examined was found above and within ±1 mm of a major lymphatic vessel and its surrounding tube of adipose tissue.
the results satisfied our null hypothesis and were statistically significant.
lymphatic vessels were identified by positive immunofluorescence as well as histological criteria.
these findings have been further validated by fluorochrome tracer studies.
conclusions : an anatomical basis for wrinkles was identified among the specimens studied.
lymphatic vessels , along with the surrounding distinct perilymphatic fat , traveled directly beneath wrinkles and creases.
lymphatic dysregulation leads to inflammation , scarring , and fibrosis , but inadvertent injection of these vessels can be avoided with anatomical knowledge.
tissue regeneration is impaired in aged individuals.
we analyzed how patient age affected the angiogenic properties of adscs.
adscs from aged patients had shorter telomeres ( quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ) and a tendency to attenuated telomerase activity.
adscs from aged patients both with and without cad acquire aging characteristics , and their angiogenic potential declines because of decreasing proangiogenic factor secretion.
this could restrict the effectiveness of autologous cell therapy with adscs in aged patients.
epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms able to influence gene expression in a stable and potentially heritable manner without altering the dna sequence.
these mechanisms include posttranslational histone modifications , mirna-mediated post-transcriptional regulation and dna methylation.
epigenetic processes are also considered important mechanisms through which environmental and stochastic stressors promote numerous pathologies in humans.
the focal point of all skeletal pathologies is the deregulation of bone remodeling , mediated by bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.
in order to keep both processes in balance , the activity , differentiation and apoptosis of both cell types have to be tightly regulated.
in particular , the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is accompanied by profound changes in gene expression.
furthermore , inactivating mutations in the mirna coding regions could be associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
methods : this analysis used data from the bambuí cohort study of aging.
the study population comprised @number@ ( @percent@ ) of all eligible @number@ elderly residents.
depressive symptoms were annually evaluated by the ghq-12 , with scores of five or higher indicating clinically significant depression.
from @number@ to @number@ @number@ participants died during @number@ person-years of follow-up.
we estimated the hazard ratio for mortality risk by cox regression analyses.
conclusion : the present study provides evidence that lld is a risk factor for all-cause mortality in the elderly , especially in men.
the prevention and adequate treatment of lld may help to reduce premature disability and death among elders with depressive symptoms.
aims : the present study evaluated the association between cognitive function and left ventricular systolic function in hemodialysis patients.
methods : we enrolled @number@ patients admitted to the hemodialysis unit of the catholic university , rome.
cognitive performance was evaluated using the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) ; a cutoff of @number@ was used to diagnose cognitive impairment.
left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) was assessed by echocardiography.
multivariable linear and logistic regressions were adopted to assess the adjusted association between cognitive performance and lvef.
also , linear discriminant analysis was performed to ascertain the cutoff level of lvef which best predicted cognitive impairment.
results : cognitive impairment was found in @number@ ( @number@ % ) patients.
in linear discriminant analysis , the lvef cutoff level that best predicted cognitive impairment was ≤51 %.
conclusion : cognitive impairment is a common finding in hemodialysis patients.
even mildly depressed lvef is independently associated with cognitive impairment.
this association and its potential therapeutic implications should be assessed in dedicated studies.
the experts were also requested to suggest additional substances and indication areas for assessment and possible inclusion in the forta list.
results : the overall consensus for all items and raters was @percent@ ( corrected ) .
for 54 / 190 items ( @percent@ ) , a unanimous response was achieved as to the original author-based forta label choice.
twenty-four substances ( @percent@ ) fell short of the consensus cutoff and were re-evaluated in a second round.
this yielded confirmation of 171 / 190 , or @percent@ , of the original author-based forta labels.
a total of @number@ new substances were also accepted for the forta list.
drugs used for dementia and dementia syndromes provoked particular response heterogeneity.
conclusion : the forta list now reflects a wider consensus among experts , increasing its validity for clinical use.
the validation of forta's impact on clinical endpoints has yielded promising preliminary results , to be corroborated in ongoing larger trials.
background : the prevalence of idiopathic planovalgus decreases with age among children and adolescents.
previous studies have provided averages of radiographic indices for different age groups but not information about the rate of spontaneous correction and the affecting factors.
results : a total of @number@ feet were included in this study , and a total of @number@ radiographs were measured.
the spontaneous improvement of the calcaneal pitch with aging was not significant.
these findings can assist in the prediction of the radiographic improvement of idiopathic planovalgus.
the short aβ peptide is derived from the large transmembrane aβ precursor protein ( app ) .
the rate-limiting step in the production of aβ from app is mediated by the β-site app-cleaving enzyme @number@ ( bace1 ) .
dysregulation of bace1 levels leading to excess aβ deposition is implicated in sporadic ad.
thus , elucidating the full complement of regulatory pathways that control bace1 expression is key to identifying novel drug targets central to the aβ-generating process.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are expected to participate in this molecular network.
here , we identified a known mirna , mir-339-5p , as a key contributor to this regulatory network.
two distinct mir-339-5p target sites were predicted in the bace1 @number@'-utr by in silico analyses.
co-transfection of mir-339-5p with a bace1 @number@'-utr reporter construct resulted in significant reduction in reporter expression.
mutation of both target sites eliminated this effect.
delivery of the mir-339-5p mimic also significantly inhibited expression of bace1 protein in human glioblastoma cells and human primary brain cultures.
delivery of target protectors designed against the mir-339-5p bace1 @number@'-utr target sites in primary human brain cultures significantly elevated bace1 expression.
finally , mir-339-5p levels were found to be significantly reduced in brain specimens isolated from ad patients as compared with age-matched controls.
gastrointestinal disorders are a major cause of morbidity in the elderly population.
the cellular and molecular changes exhibited by the aging gut cells also vary.
aging intestinal smooth muscle cells exhibit a number of changes in the signalling pathways that regulate contraction.
aging enteric neurons have been shown to exhibit a senescence-associated phenotype.
epithelial stem cells exhibit increased mitochondrial mutation in aging that affects their progeny in the mucosal epithelium.
background : brugada syndrome ( brs ) primarily associates with the loss of sodium channel function.
experimental models showed correlation between the loss of expression of desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 ( pkp2 ) and reduced ina.
we hypothesized that pkp2 variants that reduce ina could yield a brs phenotype , even without overt structural features characteristic of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
we identified @number@ cases of single amino acid substitutions.
mutations were tested in hl-1-derived cells endogenously expressing nav1.5 but made deficient in pkp2 ( pkp2-kd ) .
loss of pkp2 caused decreased ina and nav1.5 at the site of cell contact.
these deficits were restored by the transfection of wild-type pkp2 , but not of brs-related pkp2 mutants.
human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes from a patient with a pkp2 deficit showed drastically reduced ina.
the deficit was restored by transfection of wild type , but not brs-related pkp2.
conclusions : this is the first systematic retrospective analysis of a patient group to define the coexistence of sodium channelopathy and genetic pkp2 variations.
pkp2 mutations may be a molecular substrate leading to the diagnosis of brs.
method : memory sets of @number@ @number@ or @number@ faces were presented , which were followed by a probe after a 3-s retention interval.
wounds represent a growing healthcare problem due to an aging population.
we found that hospital nurses had less theoretical knowledge than home care nurses and nurses working at advanced wound care clinics.
we also found that the length of experience ( adjusted for workplace and education ) did not have any impact on nurses ' knowledge.
nurses ' knowledge of clinical investigations was consistently lower than their knowledge of therapy and clinical symptoms.
this study provides benchmarking information about the current status of wound management in denmark and suggests how improvements might be achieved.
it remains unclear whether treatment effects persist after discontinuation of the nt-probnp-guided treatment strategy.
a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) alive at @number@ months agreed to long-term follow-up.
hf medication was intensified to a larger extent in the nt-probnp-guided group.
in landmark analysis , there was no regression to the mean after cessation of the nt-probnp-guided strategy.
more intensified hf medication at month @number@ was associated with better long-term hf hospitalization-free and overall survival.
conclusions : intensified , nt-probnp-guided therapy did not improve the primary end point compared with symptom-guided therapy but did improve hf hospitalization-free survival.
within the subgroup of patients aged @number@ to @number@ years , it improved clinical outcome including the primary end point.
these effects did not disappear after cessation of the nt-probnp-guided strategy on the long-term.
this is possibly attributable to a more intensified hf medical therapy in the nt-probnp-guided group.
clinical trial registration : url : @url@
unique identifier : isrctn43596477.
these revelations in biological mechanisms provide the pressure points of opportunity for radical discovery and development to advance modern health care.
however , the involvement of ma in skin-pigmentation has not been reported.
ma significantly inhibited uvr-induced melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer in the co-culture system.
the clinical efficacy of ma was confirmed on artificially tanned human skin.
ma significantly reduced uv-induced melanin index at @number@ weeks after topical application.
overall , the study demonstrated significant benefits of ma use in the inhibition of hyperpigmentation caused by uv irradiation.
insights are often productive outcomes of human thinking.
testing @number@ participants , we demonstrated that independent hints relating to the initial search space and to representational change had little effect on solution rates.
however , providing both hints caused a significant increase in solution rates.
there is growing evidence that increased levels of the endogenous no synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine ( adma ) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction.
adma competitively inhibits no elaboration by displacing l-arginine from no synthase.
in a concentration-dependent manner , it thereby interferes not only with endothelium-dependent , no-mediated vasodilation , but also with other biological functions exerted by no.
the upshot may be a pro-atherogenic state.
recently , several studies have investigated the effect of various therapeutical interventions on adma plasma concentrations.
objective : to explore the likely impact of future trajectories of morbidity and mortality in australia.
methods : estimates of mortality and morbidity were obtained from a previous assessment of australia's health from @number@ to @number@ including projections to @number@
what is known about the topic ?
what does this paper add ?
the results suggest a modest expansion of morbidity over the life course , most of which is accounted for by only three causes.
what are the implications for practitioners ?
the past few years have witnessed an increase in the development of wearable sensors for health monitoring systems.
an important aspect of study in such system is how the data is treated and processed.
finally , based on this literature review , a number of key challenges have been outlined for data mining methods in health monitoring systems.
a foil word also was shown on the screen.
either no sound , steady state noise , or competing speech was presented to the other ear.
objective : to investigate the risk factors and behavior features related to chronic diseases among adults in shanghai.
the physical examination included height , weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , blood glucose and blood lipids.
the regular smoking rate was @percent@ ( @number@ ) .
the percentage of once over-drinking was @percent@ ( @number@ ) .
there were @percent@ ( @number@ @number@ ) of the shanghai adults never took physical activity.
conclusion : the risk factors of chronic diseases were highly prevalent in shanghai.
objective : to investigate the current status and distribution features of cognitive function among the elderly population of china.
questionnaire was used to collect the information about gender , age and health status.
the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) was adopted as an instrument to measure the cognitive function of adult who had self-reported memory decline.
results : among the @number@ @number@ subjects , the median of mmse sore was @number@
the cognitive function declined with age increasing.
the prevalence of overall cognitive disorder was @time@ % ( 95%ci : @number@.22%- @time@ % ) .
the female prevalence ( @time@ % , 95%ci : 9.95%-14.94% ) was higher than male prevalence ( @percent@ , 95%ci : 5.94%-9.43% ) .
the prevalence increased with age increasing ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the prevalence decreased with education levels increasing ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
the difference was statistically significant ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ @number@ @number@ respectively , p < @number@ ) .
methods : a systematic review searching @number@ electronic databases from @date@ - @date@ using key search terms.
study quality ratings were low and , therefore , evidence was not strong enough to conclude that interventions were effective.
feasibility was inconsistently reported in studies.
where feasibility was discussed , strong retention ( ≥70% ) and adherence ( ≥64% ) was reported.
initial assistance to use the technologies , and the need for monitoring exertion , aggravation of musculoskeletal symptoms and falls risk were reported.
the findings of this review may inform future , more rigorous research.
some studies have shown that polymorphisms in the insulin growth factor-1 ( igf-1 ) signaling pathway genes could influence human longevity.
however , the results of different studies are often inconsistent.
the modelfree approach was applied to meta-analyze these studies.
no association was reported between the single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) of igf-1 and longevity in the only available study.
concerning sirt1 , no association between the snps under study and longevity was observed in the only available report.
current findings suggest that both igf-1r and foxo3a polymorphisms could be associated with longevity.
the high degree of between-study heterogeneity and the low number of available studies underline the need for further methodologically adequate analyses to confirm this evidence.
cellular senescence is the state of permanent inhibition of cell proliferation.
senescent cells are characterized by several features including increased activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) and senescenceassociated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
in vitro , @number@ types of senescence have been described.
one is telomere-dependent replicative senescence and the second is stress-induced premature senescence ( sips ) .
despite some tissue-specific characteristics many kinds of cells , including stem / progenitor cells , can undergo senescence both in vitro and in vivo.
senescent cells were detected in murine , primate and human tissues using different markers.
even though cellular senescence is a barrier for cancer it can , paradoxically , stimulate development of cancer via proinflammatory cytokines.
thus , modulation of cellular senescence is considered as a potential pro-longevity strategy.
some pharmacological interventions have already shown promising results.
ageing is related to slowdown / breakdown of the somatotropic axis ( i.e. the somatopause ) leading to many physiological changes.
the somatopause is accompanied by dna and other macromolecule damage , and is characterized by a progressive decline in vitality and tissue function.
we still do not have a definitive understanding of the mechanism ( s ) of ageing.
there are certain lipid modifications associated with the somatopause , characterized mainly by an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both genders.
in this review we consider the mechanisms of ageing and the associated changes in lipid metabolism according to gender.
during the last decades survival has significantly improved and centenarians are becoming a fast-growing group of the population.
human life span is mainly dependent on environmental and genetic factors.
many definitions of successful ageing have been proposed , but at present there is no consensus definition.
such definitions may need to differentiate between \ "longevity syndrome \ " and \ "exceptional longevity \ ".
secondly , we considered the three phenotypes based on the definition of ageing , longevity and exceptional longevity and the associated biomarkers.
third , we discussed proposed treatments suitable to counteract or slow down ageing.
we acknowledge that not all experts in this field may completely agree with this statement.
a change in the lipoprotein profile is a metabolic hallmark of aging and has been the target for modern medical developments.
although pharmaceutical interventions aimed at lipid lowering substantially decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease , they have much less impact on mortality and longevity.
moreover , they have not affected death from other age-related diseases.
we also provide an update on the progress of identifying longevity-mediating lipid genes , describe approaches to discover longevity genes , and discuss possible limitations.
implicating lipid genes in exceptional longevity may lead to drug therapies that prevent several age-related diseases , with such efforts already on the way.
human longevity is a complex trait in which genetics , epigenetics , environmental and stochasticity differently contribute.
recently , we implemented this model by studying centenarians ' offspring and offspring of non-long lived parents.
in association , during studies on many candidate genes snps , positively or negatively correlated with longevity have been identified.
this pathway together with mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) will be reviewed as being the most promising for longevity.
to fully disentangle what appears to be an endless quest , all the components of the complexity of human longevity genetics are taken into account.
the mediet reflects food patterns typical of mediterranean regions , where olive oil plays an essential role in the food pyramid.
therefore , the mediet may be considered as including several nutraceuticals that favourably influence health.
telomeres are dna-protein structures that form protective caps at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes.
they constitute the safeguards of chromosome degradation and are responsible for maintaining genomic integrity.
the multifactorial nature of telomere length ( tl ) regulation increases the perplexity of studies in the field.
accelerated telomere loss has been associated with many chronic diseases of aging.
during the recent decade , research around telomere biology has rapidly expanded due to its dynamic involvement in aging and longevity.
however , longevity is not necessarily an indication of disability-free aging.
there is substantial scientific disagreement and controversial results , regarding even the basic nature of aging and the path to longevity.
we review the current evidence linking telomere biology to aging processes and mechanisms leading to longevity.
a main objective of current medical research is to improve the life quality of elderly people as priority of the continuous increase of ageing population.
this phenomenon implies several medical , economic and social problems because of dramatic increase in number of non autonomous individuals affected by various pathologies.
accordingly , the research interest is focused on understanding the biological mechanisms involved in determining the positive ageing phenotype , i.e. the centenarian phenotype.
in achieving this goal the choice of an appropriate study models is fundamental.
centenarians have been used as an optimal model for successful ageing.
thus , the interest has been centered on centenarian offspring , healthy elderly people.
several of these aspects are summarized in this review based on the literature and the results of our studies.
background : protein intake has been inversely associated with frailty.
therefore , we examined the association of protein and amino acid intakes with frailty among elderly japanese women.
results : the number of subjects with frailty was @number@ ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with frailty in elderly japanese women.
the association of total protein with frailty may be observed regardless of the source of protein and the amino acid composing the protein.
methods : the samples of peripheral blood stains were collected from @number@ healthy unrelated individuals whose ages were known.
the dnas were extracted from the samples stored at room temperature after @number@ weeks.
results : sjtrec and tbp gene were detectable in all @number@ samples of peripheral blood.
the contents of sjtrec in human peripheral blood showed a decreasing tendency with aging.
the accuracy rate for the age estimation by this method was @percent@.
background.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have shown its revolutionary power in seeking the influenced loci on complex diseases genetically.
thousands of replicated loci for common traits are helpful in diseases risk assessment.
results.
we evaluate the expression features of disease related genes and find that different diseases related genes show different expression perturbation sensitivities in various conditions.
conclusion.
gene ontology enrichment analysis indicates that robust disease-genes execute essential function in comparison with sensitive disease-genes.
the diseases associated with robust genes seem to be relatively lethal like cancer and aging.
on the other hand , the diseases associated with sensitive genes are apparently nonlethal like psych and chemical dependency diseases.
people with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia often display deficits in spatial working memory and attention.
evaluating working memory and attention in schizophrenia patients is usually based on traditional tasks and the interviewer's judgment.
we developed a simple spatial working memory and attention test on paired symbols ( swaps ) .
it takes only several minutes to complete , comprising @number@ trials for each subject.
in this study , we tested @number@ schizophrenia patients and @number@ healthy volunteers in china.
importantly , schizophrenia patients failed to display this developmental trend in the same age range and adults had significant deficits compared to the control group.
objectives : research has shown that obesity appears to spread through social ties.
however , the association between other characteristics of social networks and obesity is unclear.
network size is a count of the number of friends.
average frequency of communication ( or meeting ) measures how often network members communicate ( or meet ) each other.
the association of each social network measure with bmi was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis.
there may also be gender differences in this association.
the myoblasts was grouped as young control , sips-induced , trf control , trf pretreatment , and trf posttreatment.
optimum dose of trf , morphological observation , activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-galactosidase ) , and cell proliferation were determined.
@number@ μg / ml trf treatment exhibited the highest cell proliferation capacity.
sips-induced myoblasts exhibit large flattened cells and prominent intermediate filaments ( senescent-like morphology ) .
the activity of sa-β-galactosidase was significantly increased , but the proliferation capacity was significantly reduced as compared to young control.
based on the data , we hypothesized that trf may reverse the myoblasts aging through replenishing the regenerative capacity of the cells.
however , further investigation on the mechanism of trf in reversing the myoblast aging is needed.
as an example , antidepressants have been demonstrated to present neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and to stimulate neurogenesis.
in parallel , antioxidants that stimulate the antioxidant defense systems and interact with the monoaminergic system show an antidepressant-like activity.
based on this , we performed followed by qrt-pcr and confirmed that nr2f1 directly binds and regulates both mir-140 and klf9 in vivo.
the overall small-world property seen in ε4- was preserved in ε4 + .
however , both local clustering and path length were lower in ε4 + compared to ε4-.
our results indicate that genetic vulnerability to alzheimer's disease may alter whole-brain functional networks even before clinical symptoms appear.
older adults typically experience greater levels of thermal strain during physical efforts in the heat compared to young individuals.
while this may be related to an age-dependent reduction in whole-body sweating , no study has clearly delineated at what age this occurs.
eighty-five males performed four 15-min bouts of cycling separated by 15-min rest periods , in a calorimeter regulated to 35°c and @percent@ relative humidity.
direct calorimetry was used to measure total heat loss ( whole-body evaporative heat loss and dry heat exchange ) .
we also used indirect calorimetry as a continuous measure of metabolic heat production.
body heat storage was calculated as the temporal summation of heat production and total heat loss over the experimental session.
whole-body sweat rate ( wbsr ) was calculated from measurements of evaporative heat loss.
although not significantly different , 40-44 years old males also had a lower rate of heat loss compared to younger males.
sirtuins , class iii histone deacetylases , are proteins homologous to the yeast protein sir2p.
the structure of chromatin is basically maintained from yeast to human.
thus , yeast chromatin is a favourable environment to evaluate , inhibit or activate an ectopic histone deacetylase activity in an in vivo substrate.
mutant sir2δ shows a series of different phenotypes , all dependent on the deacetylase activity of sir2p.
we analyzed the three silent loci where normally sir2p acts : ribosomal dna , telomeres and the mating type loci.
moreover , we verified extrachromosomal ribosomal dna circles production and histone hyperacetylation levels , typical marks of sir2δ strains.
by strong sirt1 overexpression in sir2δ cells , we found that specific molecular phenotypes of the mutant revert almost to a wild-type condition.
in particular , transcriptional silencing at rdna was restored , extrachromosomal rdna circles formation was repressed and histone acetylation at h3k9 and h4k16 decreased.
the complementation at the other studied loci : hm loci , telomere and sub-telomere does not occur.
in the revised version of the fd2 test , a white background is used instead of a backlit background.
we also examined the effect of age , gender and visual problems.
we used the frisby test at distances ranging from 30-80 cm and fd2 at @number@ m.
we examined both the whole population recruited , and a sub-population screened so as to exclude visual problems.
in the whole population , the median stereoacuity on the frisby test was @number@ @number@ and @number@ arcsec in the three age-groups.
in the sub-population with no visual problems , median frisby stereoacuity was similar at @number@ @number@ and @number@ arcsec respectively.
on the fd2 , the medians were @number@ @number@ @number@ arcsec for the whole population and @number@ @number@ and @number@ for the sub-population.
children were more likely than adults to be stereonegative on the fd2 , although none of the children were stereonegative on the frisby.
the two tests showed fair agreement when used to classify people into three categories of stereovision.
poor stereovision was often associated with binocular problems such as tropia , but with many exceptions.
in line with previous studies , we found improvements in measured stereoacuity in childhood and declines in late adulthood.
the new fd2 test gives comparable values to the original fd2.
unlabelled : demographic changes and a more active life-style in older age have contributed to an increasing public awareness of the need for lifelong vaccination.
currently many older persons have been vaccinated against selected pathogens during childhood but lack regular booster immunizations.
the percentage of unprotected individuals at the time of enrollment differed substantially for tetanus ( @percent@ ) and diphtheria ( @percent@ ) .
protection was restored in almost all vaccinees after the second vaccination.
in contrast , antigen-specific t cell responses were not or only weakly associated with antibody concentrations.
sufficient antigen-specific b cell memory b generated by adequate priming and consecutive booster vaccinations and / or exposure is a prerequisite for long-term protection.
trial registration : eu clinical trials register ( eu-ctr ) ; eudract number 2009-011742-26 ; / ctr-search / trial / 2009-011742-26 / at.
androgen ablation therapy is the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer.
lncap is a commonly used cell line established from a human lymph node metastatic lesion of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
lncap 104-r1 and 104-r2 mimics the ar-positive hormone-refractory relapsed tumors in patients receiving androgen ablation therapy.
androgen treatment stimulates proliferation of 104-s cells , but causes growth inhibition and g1 cell cycle arrest in 104-r1 and 104-r2 cells.
pc-3 and du-145 cells express higher c-myc , skp2 , akt , akt1 , and phospho-egfr but less phospho-akt and phospho-erk.
overexpression of skp2 increased resistance of lncap cells to chemotherapy drugs.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common joint disorder with varying degrees of inflammation.
the ideal anti-oa drug should have immunomodulatory effects while at the same time having limited or no toxicity.
we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of ginkgo biloba extract ( egb ) in interleukin-1 ( il-1 ) -stimulated human chondrocytes.
chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage specimens taken from patients with osteoarthritis who had received total hip or total knee replacement.
the concentrations of chemokines and the degree of cell migration were determined by elisa and chemotaxis assays , respectively.
we found that egb inhibited il-1-induced production of chemokines , which in turn resulted in attenuation of thp-1 cell migration toward egb-treated cell culture medium.
egb also suppressed il-1-stimulated inos expression and release of nitric oxide ( no ) .
of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ( mapks ) , egb inhibited only c-jun n-terminal kinase ( jnk ) .
unexpectedly , egb selectively caused degradation of c-jun protein.
further investigation revealed that egb-mediated c-jun degradation was preceded by ubiquitination of c-jun and could be prevented by the proteosome inhibitor mg-132.
the results imply that egb protects against chondrocyte degeneration by inhibiting jnk activation and inducing ubiquitination-dependent c-jun degradation.
although additional research is needed , our results suggest that egb is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of oa.
changes in epigenetic programming of embryonic growth genes during pregnancy seem to affect fetal growth.
for this study , we selected @number@ case children born small-for-gestational age ( sga , birth weight < -2sds ) and @number@ control children.
fetal growth was assessed with serial ultrasound measurements.
information on birth outcomes was retrieved from medical records.
infant weight was assessed at three and six months.
methylation was assessed in dna extracted from umbilical cord white blood cells.
analyses were performed using linear mixed models with dna methylation as dependent variable.
genetic variants in the igf2 / h19 locus were associated with igf2dmr dna methylation ( p-value < 0.05 ) , but not with h19 methylation.
furthermore , our results suggest a possibility of mediation of dna methylation in the association between the genetic variants and sga.
to conclude , igf2dmr and h19 dna methylation is associated with fetal and infant growth.
comparisons of levels of neuroinflammation and neurogenesis between tbi alone and tbi + ptsd revealed that ptsd did not exacerbate the neuropathological hallmarks of tbi.
background : impairments in cognitive functions are common in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders , such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
these gene sets were then tested for enrichment of association in gwass of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
results : the strongest enrichments were observed for visuospatial attention and verbal abilities sets in bipolar disorder.
delayed verbal memory was also enriched in one sample of bipolar disorder.
conclusions : our results are consistent with the increasing evidence that cognitive functions share genetic factors with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
our data provides evidence that genetic studies using polygenic and pleiotropic models can be used to link specific cognitive functions with psychiatric disorders.
background : oral bisphosphonates ( bps ) are the primary agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
although bps are generally well tolerated , serious gastrointestinal adverse events have been observed.
cases were the @number@ patients who experienced the outcome ( hospitalization for ugic ) until @number@
up to @number@ controls were randomly selected for each case.
conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratio ( or ) associated with current use of bps after adjusting for several covariates.
a set of sensitivity analyses was performed in order to account for sources of systematic uncertainty.
results : the adjusted or for current use of bps with respect to past use was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) .
there was no evidence that this risk changed either with bp type and regimen , or concurrent use of other drugs or previous hospitalizations.
conclusions : no evidence was found that current use of bps increases the risk of severe upper gastrointestinal complications compared to past use.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , the most common cause of dementia , is associated with aging , and it leads to neuron death.
this suggested that the molecular networks and their constituent modules collapsed along with ad progression.
dividing the expressed pins into modules , we examined the stability of the modules with ad progression and with normal aging.
interestingly , the modules were collapsed with ad progression , specifically in the ec region.
background : the issue of osteoporosis-induced fractures has attracted the world's attention.
postmenopausal women are particularly at risk for this type of fracture.
the nonmedicinal intervention for postmenopausal women is mainly exercise.
whole body vibration ( wbv ) is a simple and convenient exercise.
there have been some studies investigating the effect of wbv on osteoporosis ; however , the intervention models and results are different.
methods : this study randomized @number@ postmenopausal women into either the wbv group or the control group for a 6-month trial.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the lumbar bmd of the two groups before and after the intervention.
the comparison between the two groups showed that the bmd of the wbv group had increased significantly ( p = 0.016 ) .
methods : we conducted a cross sectional , multicenter study that included six nursing homes.
the mean age was @number@.04±7.55 ( 65-108 ) years.
the mean rates of polypharmacy > 5 drugs and polypharmacy > 7 drugs were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
mean number of chronic drugs per resident was @number@.14±2.60 from @number@.81±2.24 to @number@.95±2.73 ( p < 0.001 ) .
no differences in polypharmacy were found between sex and fully dependent versus mobile demented residents.
the most common medications taken were for gastrointestinal , neurological , and cardiovascular disorders.
conclusion : rates of polypharmacy in nhs are high with significant variability.
methods : for @number@ adults in this study , anthropometric indices , such as bmi and wc , were measured.
central arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( cfpwv ) .
central hemodynamics was represented by central pulse pressure ( cpp ) .
age , sex , ppp , fbg , and hdl-c levels have independent association with cfpwv.
age , sex , ppp , but not fbg and hdl-c levels , have independent association with cpp.
we investigated injuries , circumstances , and the timing of fall-related hospital admissions @number@ days after fasttrack tha and tka.
injuries were classified as \ "none \ " or minor in @percent@ , moderate in @percent@ , and major in @percent@.
most falls ( @percent@ ) occurred within @number@ month of discharge.
conclusion : hospital admissions due to falls are most frequent within the first month after fast-track tha and tka.
the effect of interventions aimed at surgery-related falls should focus on the first @number@ days after surgery and differentiate between the causes of falling.
background : romania has some of the highest mortality figures in the world attributable to ischemic heart disease and stroke among both men and women.
statistically significant differences were recorded regarding dyslipidemia ( @percent@ vs @percent@ , p < 0.001 ) .
at the same time , we noted a higher incidence of ischemic heart disease ( @percent@ vs @percent@ ) .
in addition , we point out the importance of reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
however , we should not expect a major decrease or improvement in cardiovascular risk factors with such a short follow-up.
such results will be achieved only through long-term interventions.
focused individual and focus group interviews of physicians , nurses and respiratory therapists from the participating hospitals were conducted and analysed to identify common themes.
most participants did not report seeing more than one critically ill child per month.
increased comfort and management ability was attributed to previous real-world experience and support from content experts in dealing with acutely ill children.
participants did not use web-based best practice guidelines.
conclusions : this study identifies the need to fully understand the management realities of front-line caregivers of critically ill children in community hospital settings.
passive interventions such as web-based guidelines should not be used in isolation but as a support to ongoing exposure and engagement by content experts.
uric acid ( ua ) is produced from purines by the enzyme xanthine oxidase , and elevated levels may cause arthritis and kidney stones.
conversely , ua also appears to function as an antioxidant and may protect against the oxidative stress associated with aging and disease.
the analytic group included @number@ men with incident nonspine fractures ( @number@ hip ) and a random sample of @number@
serum ua was measured in baseline serum samples.
subjects with incident nonspine fractures were older , had lower total hip bone mineral density ( bmd ) , and higher serum phosphorus.
hip fractures were not significantly associated with ua.
women and female great apes both continue giving birth into their forties , but not beyond.
however humans live much longer than other apes do.
since women usually remain healthy through and beyond childbearing age , human communities include substantial proportions of economically productive postmenopausal women.
a grandmother hypothesis ( 8-12 ) may explain why greater longevity evolved in our lineage while female fertility still ends at ancestral ages.
this hypothesis has implications for the evolution of a wide array of human features.
here we review some history of the hypothesis , recent findings , and questions for ongoing research.
total hip arthroplasty is increasing in incidence due to our aging population.
however , this procedure has a high potential for increased blood loss , with allogeneic blood transfusions commonly used.
therefore , our aim was to provide a broad overview of the widely used methods for reducing post-operative blood loss after total hip arthroplasty.
these include antifibrinolytic agents , autologous blood transfusion drains , avoiding the use of drains , and modifications in drainage techniques.
in addition , lowering the transfusion threshold is another method used to decrease the rates of allogeneic blood transfusion.
however , further research is needed to create new , more standardized guidelines.
the linea aspera ( la ) forms a characteristic ridge along the posterior aspect of the human femur.
absent in youth , the la emerges during early puberty and becomes more prominent with advancing age.
end-stage organ failure is a devastating problem with limited therapeutic options.
patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant are required to receive immunosuppressive therapies and can face transplant rejection.
the emerging concept of organ engineering may offer a new hope for these patients.
perfusion decellularization is an approach that generates native ecm scaffolds with intact 3d anatomical architecture and vasculature.
decellularized organs provide the ideal transplantable scaffold with all the necessary microstructure and extracellular cues for cell attachment , differentiation , vascularization , and function.
an overview of existing challenges and future directions will also be discussed.
of particular importance , a multifaceted exercise intervention combining active-assisted cycling and resistance training to older adults diagnosed with parkinson's disease is being assessed.
the protocol consisted of both active-assisted cycling and resistance training.
tolerance was measured , as well as multiple indicators of health-related physical fitness.
these indicators examined improvements in cardiovascular performance , muscular strength , muscular endurance , and flexibility.
results : twenty-two older adults and older adults diagnosed with parkinson's disease tolerated the intervention by completing all @number@ sessions.
discussion and conclusion : the multifaceted intervention is the first to combine both active-assisted cycling and resistance training.
the older adult and the older adult diagnosed with parkinson's disease exhibited both tolerance and health-related improvements in physical fitness following the intervention.
communication via mobile phones has become an essential tool for health professionals.
the latest generation of smartphones is comparable to computers , allowing the development of new applications in health field.
this paper aims to describe the use of smartphones by health professionals and patients in the field of health promotion.
we conducted a bibliographic search through pubmed.
then , research results were analyzed critically in order to select the best experiences available.
all searches were carried out on @date@ and were not limited by date.
each item from the initial search was reviewed independently by members of the project team.
initial search returned @number@ items with pubmed.
some applications deal with lifestyles suggestions and tips.
finally , some positive experiences are reported in the prevention of falls in elderly and of sexually-transmitted diseases.
localized scleroderma is a rare inflammatory dermatosis , manifested by atrophic skin and subcutaneous tissue alterations.
lipoatrophy may be genetically inherited or acquired as a result of panniculitis , hiv infections or aging.
many treatments have been proposed.
results vary in the acute inflammatory phase and are scarce when sclerosis and atrophy have already been established.
currently , over @number@ million americans have pirdds , and that number is estimated to drastically increase by the end of this decade.
herein , we propose that there exists a time point at which the degenerative process is accelerated , leading to the appearance of clinical symptoms.
this point is defined by structural disruptions of the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) .
death of a critical number of ecm-maintaining mutant protein-expressing retinal cells contributes to that break point in the degenerative process.
objective : to analyze non-redundant questions on independence in activities of daily living in the elderly , representing the spectrum of dependency.
objective : the study aimed to characterize cancer-related concerns among women with a new diagnosis of gynecological cancer from a developmental life stage perspective.
multivariate comparisons were made between the @number@ age groups on the cancer-related concerns.
results : there were age group differences in overall cancer-related concern and specific cancer-related domains.
young women reported the greatest cancer-related concern ( p < @number@ ) .
older women reported less concern over the impact of cancer on finances ( p = @number@ ) .
other cancer-related areas may represent more universal degree of impact.
professionals may benefit from considering the impact of cancer from a developmental life stage perspective.
methods : a double-blind , randomized study was carried out on @number@ women who had a long-term history of rvvc with mild to moderate symptoms.
observations over the past decade using longitudinal data reveal a gender-specific shift in adrenal steroid production.
these increases in circulating steroid concentrations are qualitatively similar on average between ethnicities but quantitatively different between individual women.
both circulating testosterone ( t ) and androstenedione ( adione ) also rise concomitantly but modestly by comparison.
future investigations are required to determine the relationship of these changes in adrenal function to symptoms and health outcomes of mid-aged women.
patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) or dementia are increasing in numbers as the population worldwide ages.
mid-life psychological stress , psychosocial stress and post-traumatic stress disorder have been shown to cause cognitive dysfunction and lead to increased risk for dementia.
the mechanisms behind stress-induced ad or dementia are not known.
solid amyloid plaques in the affected brain tissues characterize ad.
the soluble aβ accumulate intracellularly and disturb the synaptic function.
in addition , it has been shown that the levels of intracellular aβ depend on neuronal activity.
previous studies in animal models have shown that deceased neuronal activity cause increased levels of aβ inside neurons and cognitive decline.
allopregnanolone is produced in the brain at stress.
it enhances the activity of the gabaergic neurotransmission and affects neuronal activities.
in a series of studies using in transgenic alzheimer's disease model , we have shown that chronically elevated levels of allopregnanolone accelerated ad development.
after a period of exposure to chronically elevated levels of allopregnanolone , impaired learning and memory pattern occurred in the ad mice.
accordingly , increased levels of β-amyloids were also observed in ad mice.
we have also demonstrated that high levels of β-amyloids corresponded to dysfunction among brain synapses.
this was seen after a period of chronically elevated levels of allopregnanolone , but not after placebo treatment.
this effect of allopregnanolone treatment was identified early in the disease development when ad mice normally have intact memory function.
this review covers a wide topic of neurosteroids and brain aging , and provides insight on the mechanisms behind stress-induced ad or dementia.
purpose of review : the frailty syndrome is characterized by an increased vulnerability to physiologic stress.
frailty is distinct from disability and disease states ; however , there is a strong relationship between frailty and heart failure and the pathophysiology's overlap.
heart failure exacerbations and hospitalizations likely accelerate the cycle of frailty.
the following review summarizes the relationship between heart failure and frailty , and the utility of a frailty assessment in heart failure management.
recent findings : a frailty assessment can help to stratify heart failure patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
increasing availability of device therapies for patients with heart failure make prerisk assessment an important management strategy.
abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) and aortoiliac occlusive disease ( aiod ) are multifactorial vascular disorders caused by complex genetic and environmental factors.
the purpose of this study was to define risk factors of aaa and aiod in the polish population and indicate differences between diseases.
background : few electroencephalography ( eeg ) data are available in anaesthetized infants.
this study aimed to identify eeg characteristics that might warn of awakening ( aw ) from sevoflurane anaesthesia in infants.
methods : twenty intubated infants [ aged 39-77 weeks post-menstrual age ( pma ) ] were studied after surgery during sevoflurane wash-out.
eeg was recorded at the end of surgery and throughout emergence.
changes in eeg time and frequency domains were described.
on aw , movement artifacts made signals difficult to interpret.
before awakening , most power was within frequencies ≤4 hz , but trends over time were variable.
summated power in frequencies between @number@ and @number@ hz was almost always < 5 µv ( @number@ ) .
ibd is a chronic disorder with disease onset ranging from early childhood to beyond the sixth decade of life.
the factors that determine the age of onset currently remain unexplained.
is timing of occurrence a random event or is it indicative of different pathophysiological pathways leading to different phenotypes across the age spectrum ?
critical reviews that focus on differences characterizing ibd between age groups are scarce.
in addition , potential differences in host-gene-microbial interactions according to age are highlighted.
as the global population ages , the number of older people ( ≥65 years ) living with ibd is expected to increase.
however , the current paradigms for ibd management might not be directly translatable to older patients with ibd.
this is remarkable because the same signaling molecules , oncoproteins and tumor suppressors , are well-known targets for cancer therapy.
furthermore , anti-cancer drugs aimed at some of these targets have been already developed.
this arsenal could be potentially employed for anti-aging interventions ( given that similar signaling molecules are involved in both cancer and aging ) .
in cancer , intrinsic and acquired resistance , tumor heterogeneity , adaptation , and genetic instability of cancer cells all hinder cancer-directed therapy.
but for anti-aging applications , these hurdles are irrelevant.
for example , since anti-aging interventions should be aimed at normal postmitotic cells , no selection for resistance is expected.
at low doses , certain agents may decelerate aging and age-related diseases.
importantly , deceleration of aging can in turn postpone cancer , which is an age-related disease.
background : the knowledge base regarding the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium is limited.
results : postoperative delirium screening was found positive in @percent@ ( @number@ of @number@ ) of patients.
conclusions : the present study suggests that raised postoperative cytokine concentrations are associated with delirium after cabg surgery.
postoperative monitoring of pro-inflammatory markers combined with regular surveillance may be helpful in the early detection of postoperative delirium in this patient group.
this study sought to ascertain whether occupational noise-induced hearing loss ( nihl ) increased the risk of falls requiring hospitalization among retired workers.
seventy-two retired workers admitted to hospitals after a fall were matched with @number@ controls from the same industrial sectors.
reducing falls among seniors fosters the maintenance of their autonomy.
there is a definite need to acquire knowledge about harmful effects of occupational noise to support the prevention of nihl and ensure healthier workplaces.
primary care-based memory clinics are attracting increasing interest because they present an opportunity to improve dementia diagnosis and management.
of key importance was access to training that facilitates knowledge transfer and supports practice change , interprofessional collaboration , and ongoing infrastructure support.
suggestions for clinic implementation and ongoing capacity building were identified.
lessons learned are applicable to the implementation of other chronic-disease care models aimed at improving the primary care management of complex chronic conditions.
how do older workers keep up and adapt to a changing workplace after age @number@ ?
an in-depth analysis was undertaken using @number@ semi-structured interviews conducted with workers aged @number@ to @number@
several avenues for future research are suggested , including an exploration of the role played by internal sources of support.
however , the in vitro lifespan and senescence mechanisms of human npcs remain unclear.
study design / setting : an in vitro study.
however , all the senescent features occurred at the earlier passages in elderly compared with younger patients.
conclusions : the present study demonstrated that the human npcs had a finite in vitro lifespan , which declined with host aging.
the in vitro lifespan was determined by both replicative and stress-induced senescence mechanisms.
both patients and an increasing number of doctors are willing to contribute to this system of integrated care.
the extra costs for introducing structural attention to work in healthcare are estimated at 2-3 euros per employee.
a multisite , prospective observational study was conducted in residents aged @number@ and over of @number@ ltc facilities.
the cornell scale for depression in dementia ( csdd ) was completed by nurses monthly for @number@ months.
@number@ residents were recruited and completed baseline depression assessments.
the prevalence of depression ( csdd score of 6 + ) was @percent@.
the incidence of depression among those without prevalent depression was @number@ per @number@ person-years.
a delirium diagnosis , pain , and diabetes were independently associated with prevalent depression.
csdd score at baseline and development of severe cognitive impairment at follow-up were independent risk factors for incident depression.
a diagnosis of delirium and uncorrected visual impairment at follow-up occurred concurrently with incident depression.
the results of this study have implications for the detection and prevention of depression in ltc.
prl was available for @number@ men.
the strongest correlation ( wald = @number@ p = @number@ ) was observed between lower prl levels and reduced enjoyment of orgasmic experiences.
furthermore , an inverse relationship between prl levels and stressful life events or depressive symptoms was observed.
in line with these data , low prl was associated with a lower level of physical activity and feeling unhealthier.
conclusions : low prl is related to several metabolic , psychological , and sexual unhealthy characteristics in european men.
checking prl might be useful to stratify men for cardiovascular risk and to encourage appropriate lifestyle changes.
in neural systems , information processing can be facilitated by adding an optimal level of white noise.
the underlying neural mechanisms , however , remain unclear.
in an fmri experiment , white noise selectively enhances stimulus-driven phasic activity in the sn / vta and auditory cortex.
we hypothesized that the positive impact of social engagement within the facility would be greater among residents with higher levels of functional disability.
results : supporting the hypothesis , the interaction between functional disability and social engagement within the facility was found to be significant.
the finding demonstrates the particular importance of social engagement within the facility for those with reduced physical function.
for them , the limited but available opportunities for social activities and interpersonal contacts within the facility seem to bring substantial psychological benefits.
conclusion : the findings call attention to efforts to promote social activities and interpersonal contacts within alfs.
background : older adults can benefit from physical activity in numerous ways.
physical activity is considered to be one of the few ways to influence the level of frailty.
standardized exercise programs do not necessarily lead to more physical activity in daily life , however , and a more personalized approach seems appropriate.
in addition , cost-effectiveness will be determined.
methods / design : the design of this study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial in thirteen physiotherapy practices.
randomization will take place at the individual patient level.
the intervention group will receive geriatric physiotherapy according to the coach2move strategy.
the control group will receive the usual physiotherapy care.
measurements will be performed by research assistants not aware of group assignment.
discussion : most studies on the effect of exercise or physical activity consist of standardized programs.
a complicating factor in evaluating a new approach is that it may not be automatically adopted by clinicians.
specific actions are undertaken to optimize implementation of the coach2move strategy during the trial.
whether or not these will be sufficient is a matter we will consider subsequently , using quality indicators and process analysis.
trial registration : the netherlands national trial register : ntr3527.
unlabelled : the prevalence of menometrorrhagia in fertile women is @date@ @percent@ and increases with aging.
clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator ( serm ) that increases the production of gonadotropins by inhibiting negative feedback on the hypothalamus.
clomiphene is primarily used in the treatment of female infertility for ovulation induction to reverse oligoovulation or anovulation , as occurs in polycystic ovary syndrome.
design : cohort study.
results : after three cycles of therapy , all patients had resolution of the menometrorrhagia and resumption of ovulatory cycles.
no patient reported unwanted side effects.
conclusion : we propose that low-dose clomiphene should be the first step in the treatment of adolescent dysfunctional bleeding ( dub ) .
resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound produced in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.
one limitation of many of these studies is their reliance on self reported data.
informant reports may challenge the finding that personality and pds tend to \ "improve \ " over time.
background : the role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous system ( cns ) disorders and aging is largely unknown.
it is acknowledged that the development of the venous system is subject to many variations and that these variations do not necessarily represent pathological findings.
the idea has been changing with regards to the extracranial venous system.
the presence of these abnormalities usually disrupts normal blood flow and is associated with the development of prominent collateral circulation.
the etiology of these abnormalities may be related to embryologic developmental arrest , aging or other comorbidities.
several cns disorders have been linked to the presence and severity of jugular venous reflux.
another composite criteria-based vascular condition named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency ( ccsvi ) was recently introduced.
ccsvi is characterized by abnormalities of the main extracranial cerebrospinal venous outflow routes that may interfere with normal venous outflow.
summary : additional research is needed to better define the role of the extracranial venous system in relation to cns disorders and aging.
the extracranial venous system is complex and variable between individuals.
until recently , these variations were acknowledged as developmental variants and were not considered pathological findings.
the ultimate cause-consequence relationship between these conditions and cns disorders has not been firmly established and further research is needed.
we propose multi-strategy coevolving aging particles ( ms-cap ) , a novel population-based algorithm for black-box optimization.
in a memetic fashion , ms-cap combines two components with complementary algorithm logics.
our analyses revealed significant relationships between most ravlt indices and age and education.
the study confirmed a logarithmic character of the learning slope and is consistent with other studies.
objective : to report the frequency of hearing impairment among vision rehabilitation clients , and to identify patterns of hearing service and aid use.
method : in the vision-hearing project , @number@ participants ( 65 + years ) completed interviews and a hearing test at low-vision clinics.
dual sensory impairment ( dsi ) was defined as presence of both impairments.
results : bilateral hearing impairment was identified in @percent@ of participants and dsi in @percent@.
only @percent@ of hearing impaired participants owned hearing aids and @percent@ reported low use ( < 1 hr / day ) .
discussion : four in five low-vision clients experience hearing impairment , and many have unmet needs.
new models of sensory assessment that take account of hearing and vision are needed to support early detection and timely rehabilitation for dsi.
epigenetic changes to chromatin are thought to be essential to cell senescence , which is key to tumorigenesis and aging.
this was not seen in cancer cells , except in a benign senescent tumor in vivo.
here , we show that sads provides a unifying event in both progeria and normal senescence.
rather , sads is likely mediated by changes to higher-order nuclear structural proteins , such as laminb1.
xanthine oxidase ( xo ) is a complex metalloflavoprotein , the overproduction of which usually leads to a pathological condition called gout.
the xo inhibitors may prove to be promising antigout agents.
the xo generates superoxide anions and h2o2 for the self-defense system of the organism.
human brain maturation is characterized by the prolonged development of structural and functional properties of large-scale networks that extends into adulthood.
however , it is not clearly understood which features change and which remain stable over time.
here , we examined structural connectivity based on diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) in @number@ participants between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
dti data were analyzed for small-world parameters , modularity , and the number of fiber tracts at the level of streamlines.
third , streamline loss occurred earlier in females than in males.
multitasking ( mt ) constitutes engaging in two or more cognitive activities at the same time.
mt-training improves performance on untrained mt tasks and alters the functional activity of the brain during mt.
however , the effects of mt-training on neural mechanisms beyond mt-related functions are not known.
background : e-learning is an efficient and cost-effective educational method.
methods : eight geriatric and internal medicine wards were randomized to intervention ( e-learning educational program ) or control.
clinicians of the two groups had to complete a specific per group e-learning program in @number@ days.
conclusions : the pilot study met all the requested goals.
the main study is currently ongoing and is planned to finish on @date@ .
background and aims : pictograms , designed to be a universal communication system , are often created from several concrete and easily recognizable drawings.
does understanding depend on a logical approach ?
these executive functions are sensitive to the effects of aging and educational level.
methods : we enrolled @number@ older adults ( 60-69 years old ) and @number@ young adults ( 20-29 years old ) .
each participant was asked the meaning of @number@ pictograms and underwent an assessment of abstraction and logical abilities with wais-iii test.
results : older adults had lower pictogram assessment scores and abstraction and logical abilities when compared with young adults.
consequently , the poorer performances of older adults to determine the meaning of pictograms could be explained by the decline of abstraction ability in elderly.
conclusions : pictograms are not the universal communication system as we formerly thought.
age and educational level may influence the performance in determining the meaning of pictograms.
objectives : to review the various hemoglobin ( hb ) a1c methods , with a focus on interferences resulting from hb variants.
methods : hba1c is a marker used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes.
each available hba1c method has advantages and challenges , such as its susceptibility to interferences.
few clinical studies have evaluated diagnostic performance of gfobt through validation by colonoscopy in all participants.
we aimed for a comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic performance of gfobt by age and sex under routine screening conditions.
diagnostic performance was similarly poor among women and men and across age groups.
conclusions : the performance of gfobt under routine screening conditions is even worse than previously estimated from clinical studies.
in routine screening application , gfobts are expected to miss more than @number@ out of @number@ advanced adenomas and @number@ out of @number@ cancers.
these results underline the need and the potential for better noninvasive crc screening tests.
the fret phenomenon was also predicted by acceptor photobleaching using confocal microscopy.
therefore , this innovative-fluorescent fusion protein would be useful for nir-based imaging in vitro and in vivo.
purpose : caudal epidural block ( ceb ) , administered through the sacral hiatus , is a regional anesthetic technique commonly used in children.
methods : this study is the first radio-anatomic study designed to address this topic in children.
data were gathered via 3d volume-rendered images.
results : the most frequently fused spinous process was at s2 level.
the mean s2-s4 distance was @number@ cm for group @date@ @number@ cm for group ii , and @number@ cm for group iii.
it was observed that the apex deriving from the most distal fused spinous process was at the level of s2 in one of two children.
conclusion : dural puncture is inevitable for ceb applied at the s2 level.
similar results have been reported in gwas of general cognitive ability.
as predicted , cases had significantly lower cognitive polygenic scores compared to controls.
in parallel , polygenic risk scores for scz were associated with lower general cognitive ability.
results provide molecular confirmation of the genetic overlap between scz and general cognitive ability , and may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of the disorder.
objectives : excessive shortening of the telomeric ends of chromosomes is a marker of accelerated aging.
oxidative stress and nutritional deficiency may influence this process.
linear mixed modeling produced a robust model although statistically underpowered.
increased erythrocyte dha levels were associated with reduced telomere shortening ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) in the dha group.
conclusion : telomeric shortening may be attenuated by ω-3 pufa supplementation , requiring further investigation in larger samples.
inflammaging is both local and systemic , and a variety of organs and systems contribute inflammatory stimuli that accumulate lifelong.
nu-age will set up a comprehensive database as a tool for a systems biology approach to inflammaging and nutrition.
steaks from steers had lower ( more tender ) ll warner-bratzler shear force ( wbsf ) values than those from bulls.
steaks from steers castrated at @number@ mo had lower gm wbsf than those from bulls.
for pm steaks , those aged @number@ d had lower wbsf than those aged 2d.
steaks aged @number@ d had the lowest ll and gm wbsf and steaks aged 2d had the highest ll , gm , and st wbsf.
tsh assay is the best parameter of the thyroid function.
the biological diagnosis relies on the identification of excessive secretion of the metanephrines which are more sensitive and specific than those of catecholamines.
the concentrations of the free plasmatic metanephrines reflect the ongoing production of tumor.
plasma methoxytyramine is a novel biomarker of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
serum igf1 is a reliable measure of integrated gh concentrations in patients with acromegaly.
accurate assessment of igf1 concentrations requires age and sex-matched control values.
igf1 is a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of acromegaly and efficacy of therapies.
serum amh assay is more sensitive , more specific and more reproducible that counting of ovarian follicles by ultrasound.
in early or \ "incipiens \ " ovarian failure , the decrease in serum amh is far ahead of the increase in fsh.
the same tumour marker assay should be used to monitor a given patient.
chromogranin a ( cga ) is a highly efficient biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up of various endocrine tumours.
despite the lack of international standardisation , some cga assays are reliable.
the current study examined correlates , moderators , and mediators of functional impairment in @number@ treatment-seeking adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( ocd ) .
results indicated that all factors , except insight into symptoms , were significantly correlated with functional impairment.
the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and functional impairment was not moderated by patient insight , resistance against obsessive-compulsive symptoms , or anxiety sensitivity.
mediational analyses indicated that obsessive-compulsive symptom severity mediated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive related impairment.
indeed , anxiety sensitivity may play an important contributory role in exacerbating impairment through increases in obsessive-compulsive symptom severity.
depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and obsessive-compulsive related impairment.
implications for assessment and treatment are discussed.
legislative and policy changes targeted at requiring this type of cultural competency training for all direct service providers are considered.
objective : to determine the extent to which geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus experience psychological insulin resistance ( pir ) .
we assessed pir using the barriers of insulin treatment questionnaire ( bit ) and the insulin treatment appraisal scale in a face-to-face interview.
fear of hypoglycemia , however , did not differ significantly ( @number@.3±2.8 vs. @number@.1±3.1 ; p = 0.11 ) .
depression was not shown to be a barrier to insulin therapy.
conclusion : inp with diabetes have a significantly more negative attitude toward insulin therapy in comparison to patients already on insulin.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common type of dementia.
it is the only one of the top ten causes of death in the usa for which prevention strategies have not been developed.
therefore , it is unlikely that hitting a single target will result in significant benefits to patients with ad.
an alternative approach is to identify molecules that have multiple biological activities that are relevant to the disease.
fisetin is a small , orally active molecule which can act on many of the target pathways implicated in ad.
this correlates with an increase in erk phosphorylation along with a decrease in protein carbonylation , a marker of oxidative stress.
elevated levels of p25 relative to p35 cause dysregulation of cdk5 activity leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
together , these results suggest that fisetin may provide a new approach to the treatment of ad.
age-associated ventriculomegaly is typically attributed to neurodegeneration ; however , additional factors might initiate or contribute to progressive ventricular expansion.
neuraminidase , which cleaves glycosidic linkages of apical adherens junction proteins , was administered intracerebroventricularly to denude areas of ependymal cells.
increased levels of aquaporin-4 , indicative of edema , observed in regions of periventricular gliosis in human tissue were also replicated in our mouse model.
3d modeling together with volume measurements revealed that mice with ventricle surface scarring developed expanded ventricles , independent of neurodegeneration.
these studies highlight the importance of maintaining an intact ependymal cell lining throughout aging.
our goal is to examine the emotional influence of perceived basic motions on cognitive processes in childhood.
the main hypothesis of this study proposes that the perception of motion will subsequently influence cognitive processing in a specific , emotional manner.
we studied @number@ children aged nine to @number@ years old.
on a screen they were shown a black-shaped disk moving in one of three different directions associated with positive , negative and neutral valences.
thus , we suggest that basic motions can elicit changes in emotional manner in childhood to perceptive and executive processes according to their specific trajectory.
( psycinfo database record ( c ) @number@ apa , all rights reserved ) .
rey's auditory verbal learning test ( avlt ) is widely used to evaluate dysfunctional episodic memory.
the current study aimed to provide extended age- and gender-specific norms for the german avlt for individuals older than @number@ years.
in @number@ subjects , a comprehensive medical examination including a structural @number@.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan was administered , as well as extensive neuropsychological tests.
after controlling for exclusion criteria , @number@ subjects were included in the analysis.
avlt performance decreased with age , and women outperformed men.
we present age- and gender-specific normative data for the german avlt from subjects aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
judgment is widely recognized as an important executive function , and deficits in judgment can lead to health risks , safety concerns , and hospitalizations.
surprisingly , relatively few tests of judgment have been developed specifically for older adults a population particularly vulnerable to executive and functional declines.
the kitchen picture test ( kpt ) is a new screening measure of practical judgment.
a receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve was calculated from sensitivity and 1-specificity values for diagnoses of dementia versus no dementia.
we used spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.
identified the distinctive features of the metabolic reactions in children at different ages.
retinol and riboflavin deficiency has been detected in a small proportion of children of all ages.
in this regard , the additional supply with vitamins of children in pre-school and middle-school period is essential.
active engagement in life is a critical factor for successful aging.
research indicates that community engagement is strongly associated with health and well-being in late life.
however , less is understood regarding the influence of neighborhood conditions on health and well-being , particularly in older african-american adults.
the specific goal is to examine the relationships between their perceptions of neighborhood conditions , level of community engagement , and their health and well-being.
survey findings reveal a sample of highly engaged older african americans in reasonable health who perceive their neighborhoods favorably.
regression analysis results indicate that community engagement is closely associated with both neighborhood perceptions and well-being in this sample.
we propose that community engagement or \ "participation \ " mediates the relationship between neighborhood conditions and well-being for older african americans living in detroit.
this study aims to examine factors related to volunteerism and explore the relationship between volunteerism and positive aging across three age groups.
a total of @number@ hong kong chinese respondents aged between @number@ years and @number@ years were recruited for the study via a random household survey.
results found that age was negatively related to participation in voluntary work.
paradoxically , older volunteers exhibited the highest frequency of volunteering , operationalized as spending @number@ hours or more on volunteer work in the past month.
compared with younger and midlife adults , older adults were motivated to volunteer by societal concern and esteem enhancement.
family-based support has been the traditional care arrangement for the elderly in china.
centers and associations within the community have gradually become the major infrastructures to provide old age service and support in china.
a series of multilevel models were assessed with statistical package sas @number@ among @number@ chinese adults aged @number@ or older.
data from @number@ college students were used to assess young adults ' communicative responses to older persons ' painful self-disclosures ( psds ) .
these responses may broadly be considered to reflect forms of pro-social engagement , passive disengagement , and active disengagement.
results are discussed with respect to their implications for intergenerational interaction , and interpreted through the lens of communication accommodation theory.
the family physician has the social obligation to research and promote health , to fight diseases.
the maintenance of an active private and social life is a method of fighting premature aging associated with infirmity and disease.
this action cannot be successful without the active involvement of the elderly and without their acceptance in the society.
aging is a biological process that affects the entire body , following the period of development and it is considered the final stage of biomorphosis.
unlabelled : age related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the most frequent cause of blindness in the elderly.
material and methods : this is a case-control study that included @number@ patients diagnosed with amd and @number@ matched healthy controls.
these values decreased post treatment , but they were still higher than in controls.
skin texture is mainly determined by wrinkles , which arise from atrophy of the skin layers , elastosis , and facial expressions.
skin color is related to the distribution of skin chromophores and the structure of the dermis , which affects light scattering.
all facial changes are dependant on sex , ethnicity , and lifestyle.
this work examined the aging-related effects of temporal pressure on movement synchronization and dynamic stability.
this task was repeated ten times under two temporal conditions ( self-initiated [ si ] vs. reaction-time [ rt ] ) .
results showed that , first , temporal pressure modified movement synchronization ; the finger extension preceded swing heel-off in rt , and inversely in si.
this increased cog acceleration was associated with an increased anticipatory peak of ml centre-of-pressure shift towards the swing-leg in young adults only.
dynamic stability at foot-off was also degraded in elderly , with a consequent increased risk of ml imbalance and falling.
background : environmental and lifestyle factors regulate the expression and release of immune mediators.
therefore , we assessed the associations between air pollution , circulating immune mediators and impaired glucose metabolism.
we calculated the association between the pollutants and impaired glucose metabolism by multiple regression models.
additional adjustment for circulating immune mediators or the use of anti-inflammatory medication had hardly any impact on the observed ors.
our data do not preclude a role of inflammatory mechanisms in adipose or other tissues which may not be reflected by immune mediators in plasma.
results : weighted to the national population , @percent@ of cshcn reported at least one unmet health service need in the previous year.
snvs also increased with age with the highest rate of accumulation in the non-coding control region which contains elements necessary for translation and replication.
examination of predicted amino acid changes revealed a skew towards pathogenic snvs in the coding region driven by mutation bias.
levels of the pathogenic m.3243a > g trna mutation were also found to increase with age.
clonal ∼50 bp deletions in the control region were found at high frequencies in aged specimens.
we sought to determine the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed cmc1 oa.
data from the 15-year period 1998 2012 were analyzed.
results : the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed cmc1 oa in adults was estimated at @percent@ ( @percent@ in women and @percent@ in men ) .
the mean±sd age in the prevalent cmc1 cohort ( n = 11 , 111 ) was @number@.7±11.4 years ; @percent@ of diagnoses were in women.
prevalence peaked in women ages 70 74 years with an estimate of @percent@ and in men ages 80 84 years with an estimate of @percent@.
age at initial diagnosis also differed , with women presenting between ages 60 69 years and men presenting between ages 70 79 years.
conclusion : the clinically important prevalence of cmc1 oa is @number@ to @number@ times higher in women than men.
by the end of2012 , more than @number@ in @number@ elderly women had consulted a physician for cmc1 oa over the last @number@ years.
the high prevalence of this subset of hand oa is a concern in an aging population.
objective : there is evidence to suggest that older adults are underrepresented in randomized controlled trials of health interventions.
included studies were grouped according to treatment type.
results : a total of @number@ rcts published between @number@ and @number@ met the inclusion criteria.
a total of @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the included trials excluded people ages > 65 years.
we found no trend of including older participants in rcts on lbp over time.
in the past few years , there has been an increasing awareness of the regional vulnerability of the hippocampus to age-related processes.
however , to date , no studies have assessed the effects of age on different structural magnetic resonance parameters in the specific hippocampal subfields.
segmentation of hippocampal subfields was performed using freesurfer.
individual md and fa images were coregistered to t1-weighted volumes using flirt of fsl.
linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of age on the anatomical measures of each subfield.
non-linear optical microscopy is becoming popular as a non-invasive in vivo imaging modality in dermatology.
in this study , combined tpf and shg microscopy were used to monitor collagen remodelling in vivo after micro-ablative fractional laser resurfacing.
papillary dermis of living subjects , covering a wide age range , was imaged immediately before and forty days after treatment.
a qualitative visual examination of acquired images demonstrated an age-dependent remodelling effect on collagen.
additional quantitative analysis of new collagen production was performed by means of two image analysis methods.
analysis of collagen images also showed a dependence of the treatment effectiveness with age but with controversial results.
the two-stage assessment involved both quantitative ( survey ) and qualitative ( discussion group ) components.
this paper presents a case study exploring an older woman's perspective on the quality of her life with dementia.
being able to define self and social identity in ways that preserve a sense of social status is important to find meaning in everyday life.
finding meaning involves looking backwards to sustain continuity with the past and looking forwards to maintain momentum and keep going.
a narrative framework is valuable in showing that quality of life is a dimension of meaning associated with maintaining a sense of social worth.
using researchers ' analytic memos , we identified facilitators ' interactional strategies that fostered the participant's sense of personal identity , dignity and social self-worth.
sleep disturbances are common with dementia and can adversely affect waking function.
however , the perspectives of people with dementia and their family caregivers concerning their sleep are under-researched.
we conducted three focus groups with @number@ community-dwelling pairs ( a person with dementia and their family caregiver ) .
discussions addressed sleep disturbances , coping strategies , and beliefs and attitudes surrounding sleep.
common issues for caregivers included being woken at night , having problems getting back to sleep , trips to the bathroom , and daytime sleepiness.
participants often normalized their sleeping problems and had developed a number of coping strategies.
these findings highlight the impact that sleep disturbances can have on people living with dementia.
their experiences and beliefs need to be considered for developing effective interventions to improve sleep , waking function , and wellbeing.
down's syndrome ( ds ) , the most common chromosomal disorder , is caused by @number@ trisomy and is featured by intellectual disability.
subjects with ds can develop some traits of alzheimer disease ( ad ) at an earlier age than subjects without trisomy @number@
apoptosis is a programmed cell death process under both normal physiological and pathological conditions.
caspase-3 ( casp3 ) plays an important role in neuronal death during nervous system development and under certain pathological conditions.
furthermore , in vitro and in vivo studies report elevated expression and activation of casp3 in models of ad.
on this account , the expression of casp3 gene was evaluated in cultures of fibroblasts of ds and normal subjects by flow cytometry.
casp3 protein was up-regulated in fibroblasts of ds.
background : the relationship between osteoporosis ( op ) and osteoarthritis ( oa ) is yet unclear.
aim : to evaluate the possible effect of op on the femoral cartilage thickness in female patients with knee oa.
materials and methods : eighty patients with a diagnosis of knee oa were enrolled.
forty subjects who also had op comprised group i and the remaining @number@ oa subjects comprised group ii.
antero-posterior knee radiographs were obtained in standing position and they were evaluated according to kelgren-lawrence ( k-l ) grading scale.
femoral cartilage evaluations were performed using a linear array us probe ( 7-12 mhz ) .
in addition , ultrasonographic femoral cartilage grading was also performed for each knee.
the two grading scores were positively correlated for both knees-statistically significant only for the right side ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of femoral cartilage thicknesses ( all p > @number@ ) .
discussion : ultrasonographic and roentgenographic gradings were consistent and patients with op had lower scores for both gradings.
on the other hand , the presence of op did not seem to have any effect on cartilage thickness measurements.
purpose : the clinical effects of osteoporosis include pain , fractures , and physical disability , causing a loss of independence and necessitating long-term care.
results : sixty patients completed the trial and assessments , including a 6-month follow-up.
the use of physical exercises might strengthen the habit to training.
background and aims : blood pressure control is closely related to target organ damage in elderly patients with hypertension.
method : this study included @number@ chinese men ( mean age , @number@ ± @time@ ) with eh.
the relationships between abpm indices and cardiac damage ( expressed by shape and function ) were assessed using ridge regression analysis.
the purpose of this investigation is to assess the effects of age on peak vo ( @number@ ) in hf patients taking b-blockers.
linear regression was used to develop the equation to predict peak vo ( @number@ ) , based on age.
the predicted new b-blocker equation to peak vo ( @number@ bb ) was @number@ - @number@ × age.
conclusions : clinical interpretation of aerobic capacity impairment is influenced by aging in hf patients.
this evidence must be considered when using peak vo ( @number@ ) for prognostic stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with hf under b-blocker therapy.
results : ten patients from the brrt group and @number@ from the control group completed the 12-month follow-up.
at the end of rehabilitation protocol , a significant improvement of mmse and ravlt was observed in the brrt group as compared to control group.
conclusion : brrt improves verbal memory-learning and global cognitive impairment which are associated with increased toi values on frontal cortex of both sides.
this study aims to investigate the effects of aging on the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics of the plantar flexors.
the lower pf and absolute and relative rfd values for the old men may contribute to the increased functional limitations often observed in older adults.
research into the use of clozapine in older people is somewhat scarce.
clozapine is associated with serious adverse effects such as agranulocytosis , seizures , myocarditis and metabolic syndrome.
other common undesirable effects such as sedation , constipation ( which can be fatal ) , urinary incontinence and hypersalivation further limit its use.
these adverse effects are particularly important for the use of clozapine in older people , who are generally more susceptible to medication-related adverse effects.
this review outlines the epidemiology of clozapine-related adverse effects in older people and discusses potential prevention and management strategies.
vitamin d deficiency is the most under-diagnosed medical condition in postmenopausal women.
there are few epidemiologic studies on vitamin d status of postmenopausal women in iran.
this study aimed to investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels in postmenopausal women living in tehran , capital of iran.
for each woman , a questionnaire was completed , and 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels were determined by chemiluminescence's immunoassay.
vitamin d deficiency has been considered as a 25 ( oh ) d of less than 20ng / ml.
the data was analyzed by using pearson correlation test in spss version @number@
the mean age of women was @number@.67±5 years.
the mean age at natural menopause onset was @number@.66±4.44 years , and the median menopause age was @number@
the median 25 ( oh ) d level was @time@ quartile range = 26.08 ) .
we found vitamin d deficiency and vitamin d insufficiency @percent@ and17.3% respectively.
serum 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were significantly correlated with age ( r = 0.21 , p = 0.024 ) .
these findings indicate that 25 ( oh ) d level in postmenopausal women from tehran is low.
there is a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin d concentration and age in late postmenopausal period.
here , we provide practical tips , and review techniques and outcomes of tm bypass and ablation migs.
many sensory and cognitive changes accompany normal ageing , including changes to visual attention.
experiment @number@ showed that older adults can narrow their attention to one stream when given more time ( @number@ ms ) .
experiment @number@ confirmed that age-related changes in retinal illuminance did not account for delayed attentional narrowing in older adults.
aging process or senescence affects the expression of a wide range of phenotypic traits throughout the life span of organisms.
however , the influence of iron overload on bone health in the general population is uncertain.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels and bone mineral density ( bmd ) in elderly koreans.
this study suggests a positive association between serum ferritin levels and bmd in elderly south korean men without hematologic disorders.
further study is warranted to verify the effects of iron on bone metabolism.
as such , hbv vaccination is recommended in hcv-infected individuals.
however , hbv vaccine responses in hcv-infected individuals are often blunted compared with uninfected populations.
the mechanism for this failure of vaccine response in hcv-infected subjects remains unclear.
we demonstrated that klrg1 was overexpressed on cd4 ( + ) t cells from hcv-infected , hbv vaccine nonresponders compared with hbv vaccine responders.
the capacity of cd4 ( + ) t cells to proliferate and secrete il-2 cytokine was inversely associated with the level of klrg1 expression.
however , the underlying biological mechanisms are still not completely clear.
many studies demonstrated that the neurovascular unit is compromised in cerebrovascular diseases and also in other types of dementia.
aβ accumulation in turn leads to further decreases in the cbf closing the vicious cycle.
we examined experiences and concerns among caregivers of community-dwelling people with dementia from two ethnic groups.
constant comparison methods identified themes by ethnicity.
experiences and concerns expressed across groups were related to care recipient symptoms commonly associated with dementia , including severe memory loss and behavioral changes.
filipino caregivers more often emphasized positive aspects of caregiving , whereas whites often expressed that others do not understand the daily experiences of caregiving.
filipinos more commonly described caregivers as a ' good person ' or ' saint ' and emphasized that caregiving made them stronger.
the paper identifies methodological issues of implementation and use of dcm , i.e. , coding practices , mapping duration.
also , a summary of the tool's strengths and limitations in practice and research settings , areas for improvement and future research avenues is provided.
urban centers are increasingly ethnically diverse.
however , some visible minorities are less likely than their majority counterparts to seek and receive services and treatment for dementia.
this study explored experiences of south asian canadians , canada's largest visible minority group , prior to dementia diagnosis.
early signs were attributed to aging or personality.
even after cognitive enhancers were prescribed , some respondents continued to believe that the dementia symptoms were ' normal'.
family carers ' affective responses may be related to their attributions.
before seeking medical attention , family carers modified physical or social environments because of symptoms.
help seeking was delayed up to four years , even with significant dementia symptoms.
recognition of a health problem was influenced by safety concerns , emergence of new symptoms following trauma , and treatment for other health problems.
the pathway to diagnosis might be easier with outreach to help south asian immigrants differentiate between normal aging and dementia.
symptom recognition by physicians treating other acute conditions was a portal to dementia services for others.
screening and referral in acute care could result in earlier diagnosis and treatment.
background : optical coherence tomography ( oct ) of the anterior segment allows quantitative analysis of the geometry of the chamber angle.
non-contact tonometry was performed ( ct-80 , topcon inc. , japan ) .
one hundred and eight eyes of @number@ emmetropic subjects ( ± @number@ dpt ) served as reference group.
previous ocular surgery was exclusion criterion in all groups.
results : six hundred and sixty-eight eyes of @number@ persons ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) were included in the study.
mean hyperopic refraction was @number@ ( @number@ to @number@ ) dpt , mean myopic refraction was @number@ ( @number@ to @number@ ) dpt.
correlation was highly significant ( p > @number@ ) between refractive error and the aperture of the chamber angle as measured from oct.
the association of the intraocular pressure and the refraction was also highly significant ( p > @number@ ) for the three groups.
conclusion : the spectral-domain oct yielded measurements that could be used for digital analysis of the chamber angle geometry.
@number@ lebanese women ( @number@ obese , @number@ overweight and @number@ normal weight ) aged from @number@ to @number@ years old participated in this study.
weight and height were measured , and body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated.
ud radius bmd , @date@ radius bmd and total radius bmd values were significantly different among the three groups ( p < @number@ ) .
these differences among the three groups remained significant after adjusting for age and height ( p < @number@ ) .
this study suggests that obesity is associated with higher ud radius , @date@ radius and total radius bmd values in lebanese women.
thus , obesity seems to be protective against forearm osteopenia in lebanese women.
elderly humans show decreased humoral immunity to pathogens and vaccines , yet the effects of aging on b cells are not fully known.
background : as the general population is aging , surgery in elderly patients has become a major public health issue.
this basic question is especially true for liver resection ( lr ) .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the operative risks of lr in the elderly.
methods : retrospective analysis of a large recent and monocentric database of lr was performed between @date@ and @date@ .
patients were categorized into three groups ( < 60 , 60-74 , and ≥75 years old ) to analyze postoperative outcomes and 1-year mortality.
clinicopathologic factors likely to influence outcomes were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
results : altogether , @number@ consecutive lrs were performed in @number@ patients ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the overall morbidity and mortality rates were @number@ and @number@ % , respectively.
the postoperative complication rate ( p = @number@ ) was not increased , even for major complications ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : age beyond @number@ years represent a risk factor of death after lr and should be avoided after chemoembolization or in cirrhotic patients.
a specific assessment using geriatric indexes might be the key to success in this population.
rationale : black box warnings for young adults under the age of @number@ years indicate that antidepressants may increase risk of suicide.
while underlying mechanisms for age-related treatment effects remain unclear , vagally mediated cardiovascular function may play a key role.
hr and high frequency hrv ( hf hrv normalized units ; @number@ @date@ hz ) were measured during resting state and stress.
no beneficial cardiovascular effects of escitalopram were observed in those under the age of @number@
this study provides a theoretical framework on which future research on treatment-emergent suicidality in clinical populations could be based.
background : adult height has been hypothesized to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease ; however , studies have produced conflicting results.
the mean age of the sample was @number@ years , and @percent@ of participants were female.
there was an inverse association between adult height and cac.
there was no evidence of effect modification for the relationship between adult height and cac by age or socioeconomic status.
conclusions : the results of our study suggest an inverse , independent association between adult height and cac.
cardiac and peripheral vasomotor factors contribute to the rapid pressor response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise.
muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( msna ) was measured using microneurography.
mean arterial pressure ( map ) and cardiac output ( q ) were assessed continuously by finger plethysmography and total peripheral resistance was calculated.
map increased with the onset of handgrip ; this increase was associated with handgrip intensity and was similar in both groups.
the change in msna between baseline and handgrip , for both frequency and incidence , increased with increasing handgrip intensity for both groups.
there was no effect of handgrip intensity or age on total peripheral resistance.
however , increases in map were similar between groups , indicating that the pressor response at the onset of handgrip exercise is preserved with aging.
this article reviews the scientific literature on the enhancement of healthy aging in older adults through active participation in the arts.
finally , it offers suggestions for expanding inquiry into this underinvestigated corner of aging research.
memory and dementia are historical ideas that preceded the development of modern neuroscientific , psychogeriatric and medical approaches to aging and cognitive impairment.
objectives : economic security around retirement age may be an important determinant of psychological and cognitive well-being of older adults.
effects for depressive symptoms , positive and negative affect , and life satisfaction were all in the beneficial direction but not statistically significant.
the effects of price run-ups were concentrated on homeowners , as opposed to renters , suggestive of wealth-driven effects.
results : in the fully adjusted model , continuous analyses demonstrated that overall physical activity counts were @percent@ lower for each year increase in age.
further , this methodology addresses essential gaps in understanding activity patterns and trends in more sedentary sectors of the population.
methods : data were taken from the @number@ participants in the african american health cohort.
semiparametric ( ie , discrete ) group-based mixture modeling identified the trajectories , and multinomial logistic regression identified risk factors for differential trajectory groups.
conclusion : substantial heterogeneity in lower extremity function trajectories exists in the african american health cohort , after appropriately treating mortality as informative censoring.
the transformation of senile dementia into ad can diminish , as well as reinforce , stigmatization of people with ad.
we undertook a grounded theory study to identify key psychosocial processes that underpin how and why people with als engage with health care services.
we conducted in-depth interviews with @number@ participants sampled from the irish als population-based register.
we found that age and life stage shaped participants ' decision making about care.
participants in later life were more accepting of als and of death than young and middle-aged participants.
family was the primary context to how participants engaged with services , and their decisions about care were shaped by parenthood at different life stages.
this protocol measures externalization of aminophospholipids ( apls ) to the outside of the plasma membrane using mass spectrometry ( ms ) .
apl externalization occurs in numerous events , and it is relevant for transplant medicine , immunity and cancer.
the protocol takes ∼2-4 d , including the generation of standards.
background : lifetime risk estimation is used to predict long-term cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk across the entire life span.
however , most of the lifetime risk estimation came from the studies based on western population.
this study aimed to assess the lifetime risk of cvd and the impact of risk factors on lifetime risk of cvd in chinese population.
design : prospective population-based cohort study.
the modified kaplan-meier method was used to calculate the lifetime risk of cvd.
results and conclusions : during follow-up years from @number@ to @number@ @number@ participants developed acute cvd events and @number@ died.
the lifetime cvd risk , up to age @number@ for men and women at age @number@ were @percent@ and @percent@ respectively.
a very low lifetime risk was found in individuals with an optimal profile of risk factors which modified the effect of aging.
the integrated status of major cvd risk factors can determine lifetime cardiovascular health and cvd risk in chinese.
early prevention with a goal of all risk factors at optimal levels should become the priority of cvd prevention in the future.
we tested whether higher life satisfaction was prospectively associated with fewer doctor visits.
we also examined potential interactions between life satisfaction and health behaviors.
participants were tracked for @number@ years.
we analyzed the data using a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and log link.
results : higher life satisfaction was associated with fewer doctor visits.
conclusions : higher life satisfaction is associated with fewer doctor visits , which may have important implications for reducing health care costs.
predicted probabilities and average annual percent change in probabilities are reported.
results : the results showed increasing disability trends experienced by men , and stable or decreasing trends by women.
trends would be less favorable had education of older population not increased over time.
trends are much worse when bathing is excluded as an adls item.
this is because trends in bathing were favorable whereas trends in other activities were not.
discussion : on balance , results are not overly encouraging for reductions in population-level disability given population aging and increasing life expectancy in china.
but , future increasing education could mitigate some increases in disability rates.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified several risk variants for late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) .
these common variants have replicable but small effects on load risk and generally do not have obvious functional effects.
low-frequency coding variants , not detected by gwas , are predicted to include functional variants with larger effects on risk.
the primary analysis examined the association between age at surgical menopause and decline in a global cognition score.
secondary analyses examined additional outcomes : @number@ ) decline in @number@ cognitive subdomains and @number@ ) a global measure of the burden of ad pathology.
in exploratory analyses , we examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) .
we adjusted all models for age , education , smoking , and cohort and stratified by surgical vs natural menopause.
hrt use for at least @number@ years , when administered within a 5-year perimenopausal window , was associated with decreased decline in global cognition.
no associations were seen in women who had natural menopause.
conclusions : early age at surgical menopause was associated with cognitive decline and ad neuropathology.
ongoing studies should clarify the potential effect of hrt on this relationship.
this article is addressed to endocrinologists treating patients with diabetic complications as well as to basic scientists studying an elusive link between diseases and aging.
it answers some challenging questions.
what is the link between insulin resistance ( ir ) , cellular aging and diseases ?
why complications such as retinopathy may paradoxically precede the onset of type ii diabetes.
why intensive insulin therapy may initially worsen retinopathy.
how nutrient- and insulin-sensing mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) pathway can drive insulin resistance and diabetic complications.
and how rapamycin , at rational doses and schedules , may prevent ir , retinopathy , nephropathy and beta-cell failure , without causing side effects.
satellite cell ( sc ) proliferation and differentiation have critical roles in skeletal muscle recovery after injury and adaptation in response to hypertrophic stimuli.
normal ageing hinders sc proliferation and differentiation , and is associated with increased expression of a number of pro-apoptotic factors in skeletal muscle.
altogether , our data show age-related enhanced susceptibility of human scs to apoptosis , which might be responsible for their reduced response to muscle damage.
the intersection of aging and hiv / aids is a looming ' epidemic within an epidemic. '
this paper reviews how hiv / aids and its therapy cause premature aging or contribute mechanistically to hiv-associated non-aids illnesses ( hana ) .
however , illnesses frequently associated with aging in the absence of hiv / aids appear to occur prematurely in hiv / aids patients.
each of these has the potential to be enhanced or caused by hiv / aids , antiretroviral therapy , or both.
antiretroviral therapy has been shown to enhance events seen in biological aging.
specifically , antiretroviral nrtis cause mitochondrial dysfunction , oxidative stress , and mitochondrial dna defects that resemble features of both hana and aging.
pis may also have a role in premature aging in hiv / aids as they cause prelamin a accumulation.
overall , toxic side effects of haart may both resemble and promote events of aging and are worthy of mechanistic studies.
results : altogether , @number@ participants completed the study in the first @number@ weeks.
the total cost for each participant ranged from $ 265 to $ 576.
each successful enrollment required an average of @number@ hours for recruitment and scheduling of the interviews.
the time to interview african american and afro-caribbeans was greater than the time needed to interview hispanic american and european american participants.
these factors need to be considered when integrating telomere measurement in biobehavioral research studies.
discussion : multiple factors have been shown to affect telomere length.
background / objectives : rates of obesity are greatest in middle age.
obesity is associated with altered activity of brain networks sensing food-related stimuli and internal signals of energy balance , which modulate eating behaviour.
the impact of healthy mid-life ageing on these processes has not been characterised.
there was an overall tendency towards decreasing modulatory effects of prior meal ingestion on food cue-evoked regional brain activity with increasing age.
reduced satiety sensing may have a role in the greater risk of obesity in middle age.
the hla-humanized mice may thus represent valuable tools to test hla-based vaccines and therapeutics for human autoimmune diseases.
the @percent@ non responders developing hyperglycemia survived 3-4 months longer than their untreated littermates.
t1d prevention by this reagent occurred by a th2 / tr-1 polarization in the pancreas.
it has been reported that argyrophilic grains are more frequent in patients with corticobasal degeneration ( cbd ) compared with the elderly population in general.
grain distributions and densities were evaluated semiquantitatively using gallyas-braak stains and immunohistochemistry with at8 and rd4 antibodies.
argyrophilic grains were observed in all cbd cases ( @percent@ ) despite a lower average age at death in this population.
for in vivo study a biofilm infection rat model was performed.
adherence and biofilm in vitro formation was strongly affected by pre-treatment with pexiganan and imipenem , with the latter being the more effective antibiotic.
the in vivo results showed a reduction in bacterial load on the ureteral stent tissue of the pre-treated strain.
differently , urine cultures showed no differences in bacterial growth for the pre-treated strain showing that it retained its ability to cause infection.
this study suggests that sub-mic imipenem and pexiganan could be a good strategy to target the adhesion process during the infection cycle.
meinzer et al.
( j neurosci 33 : 12470-12478 , @number@ ) have recently reported that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation ( atdcs ) mitigates age-related cognitive changes.
simultaneous measurement of bold signal during atdcs also showed \ "youth-like \ " processing in an elderly population.
although the effects are very promising , the underlying mechanisms of atdcs are still not clear.
background : recent studies have shown that vitamin d status may be relevant for physical and cognitive performance in the older population.
this association may be of particular interest to older people at risk for cognitive impairment and functional decline.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study of outpatients ( n = @number@ ) in a memory clinic.
functional mobility was assessed with three endpoints : normal and fast walking speed and the timed up and go ( tug ) test.
seniors with a higher 25 ( oh ) d status also had better cognitive function ( mmse score ; p = @number@ ) .
here we identify a g-rich sequence within the proximal promoter region of vegfr-2 , able to form an antiparallel g-quadruplex ( g4 ) structure.
this g4 structure can be efficiently stabilized by small molecules with the consequent inhibition of vegfr-2 expression.
as a result of endothelial cell function impairment , angiogenic process is strongly inhibited by g4 ligands both in vitro and in vivo.
reduced quality of life and financial burden due to visual impairment and blindness begin to increase dramatically when individuals reach the age of @number@
presbyopia is a loss of accommodative amplitude and reduced ability to shift focus from far to near objects.
methods : review of published scientific articles and unpublished research findings.
there are no epidemiologic estimates of prevalence for many visually-impairing conditions.
because there are few effective treatments for the disease , more research on its etiology and mechanisms is warranted and needed.
increased public education about risk factors for the disease is also required.
another major age-related eye disease of the cornea that leads to vision impairment and potentially blindness if left untreated is fuchs ' endothelial corneal dystrophy.
these medically costly procedures require donor corneas , eye banking , and medical follow-up , with accrued costs.
methods : data from the controlled clinical trials are presented and reviewed for potential opportunities for further research into the treatment of cataracts and amd.
in addition , a randomized clinical trial of b vitamins demonstrated a beneficial effect for amd with the vitamin b complex.
conclusions : future evaluation may include additional assessments of nutrients for the treatment of progression of cataract and amd.
an important step would be to develop surrogate outcomes to increase efficiency in clinical trials.
more detailed phenotyping , especially of amd , is required as it appears to be not one disease , but a group of diseases.
genotype-phenotype analyses may help to target pathways that are important in amd.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) , cataract , glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are common causes of visual loss.
both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of these diseases.
many common and a few rare genetic factors are associated with amd.
the role of genetic variants for the other diseases are less clear.
interactions between environmental , therapeutic , and genetic factors are being explored.
methods : a descriptive review of anatomic changes in the eye related to aging was performed in the context of current areas of investigation.
results : age-related changes occur in all ocular tissues.
the cornea flattens and there is an attrition of endothelial cells.
the shape of the trabecular meshwork changes and there is a loss of trabecular endothelium.
the lens grows and becomes cataractous.
the ciliary body becomes collagenized , there are choroidal vascular changes , and bruch's membrane thickens.
retinal vessels become hyalinized and there is a loss of rods before cones in the macula.
rpe morphometric changes occur with aging.
the vitreous becomes liquefied and there is a loss of vitreous compartmentalization.
the sclera becomes rigid and may become calcified.
the optic nerve exhibits structural changes with age.
conclusions : there are numerous anatomic age-related changes in the human eye.
purpose : to examine projections of age-related eye diseases in the united states for health care planning.
methods : review of published scientific articles , census data , and unpublished research findings.
results : the numbers of cases of all age-related eye diseases are expected to rise in the coming years.
however , structural topological configuration of the human brain during this specific development period is not well understood.
modular organization and small-world attributes are evident at birth with several important topological metrics increasing monotonically during development.
most significant increases of regional nodes occur in the posterior cingulate cortex , which plays a pivotal role in the functional default mode network.
this review focuses on @number@ allergic disorders of persons coming up against venerable age : asthma , allergic rhinitis , and atopic dermatitis.
the prevalence of allergic diseases in the elderly ranges from @number@ to @percent@ and appears to be rising.
a gradual decline in immune function , termed immunosenescence , and age-related changes in tissue structure influence the development of these disorders.
common complications are comorbidities , polypharmacy , and adverse effects of drugs.
the elderly have difficulty mounting protective immune responses against newly encountered antigens.
the integrity of epithelial barriers is compromised , leading to a chronic , subclinical inflammatory state and an enhanced th2 ( allergic ) immune response.
undiagnosed asthma is frequent in elderly persons ( about @percent@ ) and still more commonplace in those with respiratory symptoms.
aggravation of allergic rhinitis coincides with exacerbation of asthma , whereas treatment of nasal inflammation improves control of the asthma.
atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease often associated with respiratory allergy.
given the importance of gamma oscillations in normal and disturbed cognition , there has been growing interest in their developmental trajectory.
both 40-hz evoked power and plf increased monotonically from @number@ through @number@ years , and subsequently decreased toward ages 20-22 years.
cfc followed a similar pattern , with strongest age-related modulation of 40-hz amplitude by the phase of delta oscillations.
phytoestrogens as weak estrogens , antioxidants , and anti-inflammatory agents may counteract this process.
four percent were frail.
multivariate analysis did not attenuate this finding ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.61-0.90 ) .
conclusions : this first analysis of the relationship between phytoestrogens and frailty revealed an inverse association between urinary o-dma levels and frailty in women.
however , the number of frail women was low.
although this finding may be confounded or biased , it seems worthwhile to intensify research on the potential preventive effects of o-dma.
previous studies have demonstrated a therapeutic benefit of pharmaceutical pgc-1α activation in cellular and murine model of disorders linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
we used bezafibrate as a model drug to assess the effect on a tissue-specific level in a murine model.
not all analyzed drugs activate the pgc pathway or alter mitochondrial protein levels.
however , they all affect supramolecular assembly of oxphos complexes and oxphos protein stability.
the definition of the action spectrum of the different drugs forms the basis for a defect-specific compensation strategy and a future personalized therapeutic approach.
the hallmarks of sporadic alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are extracellular amyloid deposits , intracellular neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , and neuronal death.
hyperphosphorylation of tau is a key factor in the generation of nfts.
we performed single-cell analyses of neurons with different vulnerabilities to ad-related changes.
the highly vulnerable ca1 pyramidal neurons were characterized by age- and disease-unrelated increases in prckb levels and by age- and disease-related increases in mapk1 levels.
in contrast , low prkcb levels were found in ca2 pyramidal neurons , and mapk1 levels were elevated in controls and intermediate ad stages.
both prkcb and mapk1 were increased in the late ad stages.
mapk1 and prkcb levels were low in the brainstem and cerebellum.
we propose that alterations in the expression of these two genes occur early in the pathogenesis of ad in a region-specific manner.
in addition , multiple signal transduction pathways need to be affected to result in ad instead of physiological aging.
finally , as a signature for long life we identified @number@ microbial genes that significantly correlated with ageing.
ionizing radiation is one of the most potent genotoxic stimuli and causes various kinds of dna damage.
further , there is increasing evidence that therapeutic radiation treatments can cause cardiovascular complications.
an important role of eif2αp is the regulation of redox homeostasis and adaptation of cells to oxidative stress.
herein , we demonstrate that eif2αp guards cells from intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ros ) via the inhibition of senescence.
impaired proliferation of either perk or eif2αp-deficient primary cells is caused by increased ros and restored by anti-oxidant treatment.
contrary to primary cells , impaired eif2αp in immortalized mouse fibroblasts or human tumor cells provides tolerance to elevated intracellular ros levels.
however , eif2αp-deficient human tumor cells are highly susceptible to extrinsic ros generated by the pro-oxidant drug doxorubicin by undergoing premature senescence.
our work demonstrates that eif2αp determines cell destiny through its capacity to control senescence in response to oxidative stress.
also , inhibition of eif2αp may be a suitable means to increase the anti-tumor effects of pro-oxidant drugs through the induction of senescence.
methods : the epic-norfolk eye study is nested within a multicenter cohort study the european prospective investigation of cancer.
ocular response analyzer ( ora ) , hrt3 , and gdxvcc measurements were taken at the research clinic.
three ora measurements were taken per eye , and the single best value used.
generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the associations of ch with hrt and gdxvcc parameters , adjusted for disc area.
the gdxvcc analyses were adjusted further for typical scan score to handle atypical retardation.
results : there were complete research clinic data from @number@ participants.
conclusions : lower ch was associated with hrt and gdxvcc parameters in a direction that is seen in glaucoma and with ageing.
further research is required to establish if this is a causal relationship , or due to residual confounding by age , iop , or cct.
objective : the aim of current study was to explore the effect of intergenerational and intragenerational support on perceived health of older adults.
multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the influence of family member support on physical and psychological health.
however , intragenerational support from spouse and siblings was not significant.
with the rapid development of global population movements , family practices need to pay attention to the changes of family support among migrant families.
this project assessed dynamic balance and stability in aged lawn bowlers during the delivery stride.
analysis of covariance indicated that the dpsi data were influenced significantly by bowling experience regardless of age group.
objective : the authors present a radiofrequency ( rf ) technique to treat crow's feet that can prevent complications while simultaneously maintaining long-term results.
following elevation of the skin flap in the temporal area , the lateral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle was partially elevated and splayed.
then the rf current was applied to the elevated muscle flap until the target temperature of 60°c to 80°c was reached.
clinical outcomes were observed through photographs with patients in a natural smiling position.
results : mean ( sd ) patient age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years ( range , 31-73 years ) .
patients were followed postoperatively during a mean period of @number@ months ( range , 15-36 months ) .
there were no recurrences of crow's feet during the follow-up period.
no major complications were noted.
conclusions : the main advantage of this surgical technique is preserving continuity of the orbicularis oculi muscle while selectively decreasing muscle tone.
hence , this technique may prevent any contour irregularities.
the rf current causes irreversible muscle fibrosis , which in turn provides long-lasting results.
the purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of older adults interacting with both virtual and real environments.
thirty healthy older adults engaged with real and virtual tasks of similar motor demands : reaching to a target in standing and stepping stance.
immersive tendencies and absorption scales were administered before the session.
game engagement and experience questionnaires were completed after each task , followed by a semistructured interview at the end of the testing session.
data were analyzed respectively using paired t tests and grounded theory methodology.
participants preferred the virtual task over the real task.
they also reported an increase in presence and absorption with the virtual task , describing an external focus of attention.
during these @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ participants developed ihd and @number@ developed mi.
in all age groups in both women and men , absolute 10-year risk of ihd and mi increased with increasing number of visible age-related signs.
this is the first prospective study to show that looking old for your age is a marker of poor cardiovascular health.
many clinical and animal studies demonstrate the importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( lcpufa ) in neural development and neurodegeneration.
this review will focus on involvement of lcpufa from genesis to senescence.
in neural development , lcpufa deficiency can lead to severe disorders like schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
perinatal lcpufa supplementation demonstrated beneficial effects in neural development in humans and rodents resulting in improved cognition and sensorimotor integration.
in normal aging , the effect of lcpufa on prevention of cognitive impairment will be discussed.
lcpufa are important for neuronal membrane integrity and function , and also contribute in prevention of brain hypoperfusion.
cerebral perfusion can be compromised as result of obesity , cerebrovascular disease , hypertension , or diabetes mellitus type @number@
last , we will focus on the role of lcpufa in most common neurodegenerative diseases like alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease.
this review shows that lcpufa are essential throughout life.
thirty-one male and thirty-five female adolescents aged ten to thirteen participated in a prospective study with up to five assessments.
longitudinal analyses revealed a significant effect of sex , with girls showing stronger fear-potentiation at all pubertal stages.
post hoc tests revealed that fear-potentiation increased in girls but not boys over the course of puberty.
furthermore , baseline startle decreased over the course of puberty.
because age was included as a covariate in all analyses , the puberty effect cannot be accounted for by age.
to the best of our knowledge , this study provides the first evidence for a significant increase in fear-potentiated startle across the pubertal transition.
attribution of these changes to pubertal status rather than age has important implications for our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety and affect regulation.
bt steaks had wbsf of @number@ n while c steaks had wbsf of @number@ n ( p = 0.09 ) .
aging decreased wbsf.
blade tenderized steaks had higher cook loss than c steaks.
aging , w-aging , and bt×w-aging improved myofibrillar ( sensory ) tenderness scores.
aging and / or bt improves sensory panel tenderness cull cow longissimus lumborum steaks.
aging and blade tenderization combined can increase tenderness and value of longissimus steaks from cull holstein cows.
cortical reconstruction , volumetric segmentation and auditory pathway tractography were performed.
almost all of the measured parameters were significantly smaller in the elderly subjects in heschl's gyrus , planum temporale and gyrus frontalis superior.
aging did not change the side asymmetry ( laterality ) of the gyri.
a trend toward a decrease of l1 on the left side , which was more pronounced in the elderly groups , was observed.
however , how to maintain these capabilities is not fully understood.
calorie restriction ( cr , decreasing caloric intake by 30-40% ) could extend longevity and reduce aging-related diseases.
recent studies revealed that cr could influence the lineage determination of stem cells including mscs.
evidences are mounting that both sirt1 and ampk play important roles in cell fate determination of mscs.
herein , we intend to sum up our understanding about the role of sirt1 and ampk in osteogenic and adipogenic potential of mscs.
metabolic process of mscs differentiation and the putative interplay of sirt1 and ampk in this process was also discussed.
human brain function undergoes complex transformations across the lifespan.
brain networks were constructed by computing pearson's correlations in temporal fluctuations among @number@ parcellation units followed by graph-based network analyses.
we observed that the human brain functional connectome exhibited highly preserved non-random modular and rich club organization over the entire age range studied.
further quantitative analyses revealed linear decreases in modularity and inverted-u shaped trajectories of local efficiency and rich club architecture.
regionally heterogeneous age effects were mainly located in several hubs ( e.g. , default network , dorsal attention regions ) .
these results have important implications for disease connectomics because they provide a baseline for evaluating network impairments in age-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
the addition of new etiological categories such as fronto-temporal ncd or ncd with lewy bodies should also to be considered as a significant improvement.
in aged human , the number of muscle fibers and motor units decreases.
the renewal of intracellular proteins declines which creates a negative balance between the daily protein losses and the capacities to renew them.
besides , the process of activation and proliferation of satellite cells is affected and the production of anabolic hormones and local factors is decreased.
thus , the transition of the phenotype towards a slower form cannot be inverted by strength training during the advanced in age.
moreover , strength training enables to decrease the proportion of fibers containing mhc of hybrid form in the process of evolution.
hence , strength training can engender a stabilization of the muscular phenotype i.e. different isoforms of mhc.
objective : a comprehensive literature review suggests that suicidal behaviour results from a complex interplay between stressful events and vulnerability factors including cognitive deficits.
the aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the neurocognitive markers associated with suicide vulnerability in elderly people.
the abstract selection was based on the strobe checklist for observational studies.
results : of the @number@ original articles , @number@ neuropsychological and @number@ brain imaging studies were selected.
the number of suicidal subjects ranged from @number@ to @number@ ( mean age = 66.8 to @number@ years old , 0-85% women ) .
conclusion : this literature review confirms the existence of neurocognitive markers of suicide vulnerability in elderly people.
self-rated health is a frequently used measure , notably in the field of gerontology.
of the @number@ articles that were identified by our search strategy in the medline database , @number@ were retained.
the proportion of older persons assessing their health positively ranged , depending on the studies , from @percent@ to @percent@.
fifteen studies out of @number@ investigated what was rather associated with an unfavourable self-rated health.
two studies took into account only one kind of independent variables.
epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that modifiable lifestyle-related factors are associated with cognitive decline , opening new avenues for prevention.
diet in particular has become the object of intense research in relation to cognitive aging and neurodegenerative disease.
we reviewed the most recent findings in this rapidly expanding field.
specific dietary patterns , like the mediterranean diet , may be more beneficial than a high consumption of single nutrients or specific food items.
other plausible mechanisms underlying the relationship between diet and cognitive decline , such as inflammation and oxidative stress , have been established.
haemoglobins are iron-containing proteins that transport oxygen in the blood of most vertebrates.
the mitochondrion is the cellular organelle which consumes oxygen in order to synthesise atp.
mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegeneration and ageing.
we find that α and β haemoglobin ( hba and hbb ) proteins are altered in their distribution in mitochondrial fractions from degenerating brain.
we demonstrate that both hba and hbb are co-localised with the mitochondrion in mammalian brain.
the precise localisation of the hbs is within the inner membrane space and associated with inner mitochondrial membrane.
we also report changes in mitochondrial hba and hbb levels in ageing brain and muscle.
in muscle there are significant differences between hba levels in old and young mitochondria.
however , western blotting of mitochondrial fractions from pd and control brains indicates significantly less hb in pd brain mitochondria.
one explanation could be a specific loss of cells containing mitochondria loaded with hb proteins.
our study opens the door to an examination of the role of hb function , within the context of the mitochondrion-in health and disease.
endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) is a short chained peptide primarily of endothelial origin.
concentrations of this peptide are increased in subjects with hypertension , primary pulmonary hypertension and myocardial infarction , however its short half-life makes quantification difficult.
the objective of this study was to understand the factors ( clinical , echocardiographic and biochemical ) that specifically influence plasma ctproet-1 in healthy subjects.
@number@ healthy volunteers were recruited from a screening study.
plasma ctproet-1 concentrations were quantified using a novel immunoluminometric sandwich assay.
therefore the interpretation of plasma ctproet-1 levels in such individuals should take into account these variables to avoid potential confounding.
background : icd prolong life in selected patients , but icd implantation carries the risk of periprocedural complications.
methods : we analyzed data from @number@ icd implantation procedures between @date@ , and @date@ in the registry.
the study group was divided into a derivation ( @percent@ ) and a validation ( @percent@ ) cohort.
multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with in-hospital adverse events ( complications or mortality ) .
a parsimonious risk score was developed on the basis of beta estimates derived from the logistic model.
hierarchical models were then used to calculate risk-standardized complication rates to account for differences in case mix and procedural volume.
results : overall , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) experienced at least @number@ in-hospital complication or death.
thirteen factors were independently associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
model performance was similar in the derivation and validation cohorts ( c-statistics = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
the risk score characterized patients into low- and-high risk subgroups for adverse events ( ≤10 points , @percent@ ; ≥30 points , @percent@ ) .
conclusions : we developed a simple model that predicts risk for in-hospital adverse events among patients undergoing icd placement.
this can be used for shared decision making and to benchmark hospital performance.
ototoxicity is a major cause of the loss of hearing and balance in humans.
nevertheless , the compounds may also affect the auditory and vestibular ganglion neurons.
moreover , little is known about the effects of chronic low-dose exposure.
in rodent vestibular epithelia , extrusion of live hcs from the sensory epithelium may be the predominant form of cell demise during chronic ototoxicity.
in addition , greater involvement of the afferent terminals may occur , particularly the calyx units contacting type i vestibular hcs.
as glutamate is the neurotransmitter in this synapse , excitotoxic phenomena may participate in afferent and ganglion neuron damage.
the incidence of both diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and dementia increases with aging and the incidence of dementia are higher in people with diabetes.
epidemiological and pathological data suggest that dm contributes to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and dementia.
dm seems to be an independent risk factor for mci and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and is associated with more rapid cognitive decline.
recent evidence points out that insulin affects central nervous system functions , and can modulate cognitive functions.
impaired insulin signaling and insulin resistance in brain have been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ad.
human studies have shown that some oral antidiabetic medications can improve cognition in patients with mci and ad.
intranasal insulin has also been shown to improve memory and cognitive abilities in mci and ad patients.
this review defines water-loss and salt-loss dehydration.
cross-sectional studies suggest a water-loss dehydration prevalence of 20-30% in this population.
water-loss dehydration is associated with higher mortality , morbidity and disability in older people , but evidence is still needed that this relationship is causal.
objective : sleep problems are associated with mortality in western populations.
in low-resource settings , evidence of sleep problems and their potential association with mortality is lacking.
methods : the study was conducted in @number@ in agincourt ( south africa ) , as part of the health and demographic surveillance system.
a community-wide sample of @number@ men and women aged @number@ years or older participated in the survey.
results : overall , @number@ deaths occurred during @number@ years of follow-up.
cd200 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin family of proteins and is ubiquitously expressed on a variety of cell types.
upon interaction with its receptors ( cd200rs ) expressed on myeloid-derived cells and t lymphocytes , an immunoregulatory signal is delivered to receptor-expressing cells.
signaling of cd200r1 is hypothesized to attenuate osteoclastogenesis.
our data suggest that , as predicted , scd200 levels fall under bed rest conditions while scd200r1 levels rise.
an elevated serum anion gap is known to be associated with hypertension , low cardiorespiratory fitness , and decreased renal function.
we evaluated whether serum ag might be predictive of elderly mortality in a community-based cohort in korea.
we analyzed the available data from @number@ elderly people in the korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
the population attributable fraction of death due to high saag was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @date@ @percent@ ) .
high saag may be an independent predictor of mortality and is associated with higher cardiovascular and infection related mortality in the elderly.
both the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems modulate episodic memory consolidation.
evidence from animal studies suggests that these two neurotransmitters may interact in influencing memory performance.
our findings underscore the need for investigating interactive effects of multiple genes to understand individual difference in episodic memory.
at follow-up , measures of bmi , blood pressure , and physical activity were obtained.
blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , vitamin d , and cholesterol were measured in a subsample ( n = @number@ ) .
effects were tested in cortical surface-based analyses , with sex , age , follow-up interval , and the interactions between each included as covariates.
higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid , vitamin d , and physical activity related to cortical sparing.
higher cholesterol and bmi related to increased cortical thinning.
effects were independent , did not interact with age , and the cholesterol effect was restricted to males.
eicosapentaenoic acid and blood pressure showed no effects.
the observed effects show promise for potential factors to reduce cortical atrophy in normal aging.
the health care needs of elderly people were influenced by their heterogeneity.
data came from the @number@ national health interview survey ( nhis ) in taiwan.
multinomial logistic regressions revealed socio-demographic characteristics among health classes.
the variables associated with an increased likelihood of being in the fr group were age , female , and living with families.
they were also correlated to ethnicity and educations.
the hc group tended to be younger , with higher educations , and more likely to live in urban area than the functional impairment group.
the correlations between health classes and socio-demographic factors were discussed.
the health status of elderly people includes a variety of health indicators.
a person-centered approach is critical to identify the health heterogeneity of elderly people and manage their care needs by targeting differential aging.
this allows a \ "beads-on-a-string \ " arrangement of multiple vwa domains as observed for ten n-terminal domains of the collagen vi α3 chain.
the extension is linked to the core domain by a salt bridge and two hydrophobic patches.
the secondary cell death after tbi displays ischemic-like patterns including neuroinflammation.
expression and activation of cd36 is closely related to dyslipidemia secondary to diabetes.
indeed , a strict regulation of blood serum glucose by the use of insulin promotes a better outcome for tbi patients.
based on these recent findings , we now advance the hypothesis that cd36 via dm insulin-associated pathways is closely involved in tbi chronic pathology.
young pm carriers can develop characteristic physical features and mild cognitive disabilities.
these data suggests a dysregulation of glu signaling in pm carriers , which would likely contribute to the development and severity of fxtas.
the degree of conversion ( dc ) was measured in real-time with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( ftir ) .
the eluates were analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.
unbleached specimens at the above mentioned irradiation times were used as controls.
results : bleaching increases the amount of elutable substances.
this amount is generally stronger influenced by aging than by polymerization time or concentration of the gel.
diethoyxdimethylsilane was found in all eluates from bleached specimens , but not in the control groups.
this substance may be formed by oxidation of , indicating that the bond between inorganic filler and organic matrix might be weakened after bleaching.
significance : bleaching gels might alter the physical properties of resin-based composites , especially at low irradiation times and fresh placed restorations.
epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) is an important developmental process hijacked by cancer cells for their dissemination.
our findings provide a mechanism by which the exocyst function and actin dynamics are modulated for emt and tumor invasion.
moreover , little is known about the underlying mechanisms between social support and cognitive functioning.
we investigate one of the possible mechanisms , and argue that subjective appraisals rather than received amounts of social support affect cognitive functioning.
loneliness is seen as an unpleasant experience that occurs when a person's network of relationships is felt to be deficient in some important way.
as such , loneliness describes the extent to which someone's needs are not being met and thus provides a subjective assessment of support quality.
we expect that receiving instrumental and emotional support reduces loneliness , which in turn preserves cognitive functioning.
data are from the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( lasa ) and include @number@ dutch participants aged 55-85 over a period of six years.
respondents were measured every three years.
cognitive functioning was assessed with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) , the coding task , and the raven's coloured progressive matrices.
the analytical approach comprised latent growth mediation models.
frequent emotional support related to reduced feelings of loneliness and better cognitive functioning.
increases in emotional support also directly enhanced cognitive performance.
the protective effect of emotional support was strongest amongst adults aged @number@ years and older.
increase in instrumental support did not buffer cognitive decline , instead there were indications for faster decline.
this paper explores whether educational attainment has a cognitive reserve capacity in elder life.
ols results showed that respondents who completed primary school obtained @number@ percent higher scores on cognitive tests than those who did not.
the high incidence of cervical cancer is a consequence of the inability of most countries to either initiate or sustain cervical cancer prevention services.
data on other hpv-related anogenital cancers including those of the vulva , vagina , anus , and penis , are limited.
genital warts are common and associated with hpv types @number@ and @number@
hiv infection increases incidence and prevalence of all hpv-associated diseases.
sociocultural determinants of hpv-related disease , as well as the impact of forces that result in social destabilization , demand further study.
activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) has been implicated in anticancer drug resistance , type @number@ diabetes , and aging.
besides , ps-nh2 inhibit angiogenesis and proliferation of leukemia cells xenografted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
at the molecular level , ps-nh2 inhibit , whereas ps-cooh activate mtor signaling in leukemia cells.
after addition , both types of particles rapidly induce autophagy in leukemia cells.
by contrast , primary macrophages , which do not exhibit activated mtor signaling , proved relatively resistant to ps-nh2-induced toxicity.
the findings suggest that more than half of rural elderly and @number@ percent of urban elderly were at some point abused.
high activeness in health and security dimensions should also be promoted to keep the elderly healthy and protect from abusive behavior.
there is a fairly consistent , albeit non-universal body of research documenting cognitive declines after cancer and its treatments.
disentangling the role of these overlapping processes is difficult since they require aged animal models and large samples of older human subjects.
this and other results from this review suggest the value of geriatric assessments to identify older patients at the highest risk of cognitive decline.
eighteen percent of incident malignancies in the united states are a second ( or subsequent ) cancer.
gait speed is a recommended geriatric assessment of physical performance , but may not be regularly examined in clinical settings.
we aimed to investigate whether quadriceps strength tests demonstrate similar predictive ability for incident falls as gait speed in older women.
we investigated @number@ female volunteers aged mean±sd @number@.7±5.0 years ( range 70-92 ) at high risk of fracture.
participants completed gait speed assessments using the gaitrite electronic walkway system , and quadriceps strength assessments using a hand-held dynamometer ( hhd ) .
participants reported incident falls monthly for @number@.7±1.2 years.
n = 99 ( @percent@ ) participants fell @number@ times during the follow-up period ( mean fall rate @number@ per @number@ person years ) .
quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of incident falls over three years amongst community-dwelling older women at high risk of fracture.
quadriceps strength tests may be an acceptable alternative to gait speed for geriatric assessments of falls risk.
objective : to summarize the experience and characteristics of the modified laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly in the treatment of children with hematologic disease.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients , aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
the surgery and complication were recorded.
for @number@ week after surgery , the hemoglobin and platelet counts were reviewed.
results : twenty-six cases were performed successfully , and @number@ cases were converted to open procedure.
energy intake under-reporting ( ur ) is a concern in nutritional epidemiological studies , as it may distort the relationships between dietary habits and health.
although ur is known to be associated with certain characteristics , few studies have investigated them in france.
therefore , the goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of ur in french adults.
ur was defined according to goldberg's classification.
a sample of @number@ adults was drawn from the nationally representative french dietary survey ( individuelle nationale des consommations alimentaires @number@ @date@ ) .
multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between ur and a number of covariates.
the overall prevalence of ur was @percent@ , similar in men and women.
in both sexes , ur was positively associated with overweight and protein intake and inversely associated with age.
in conclusion , ur is prevalent in french adults and is associated with several different characteristics.
it is important to take account of ur when investigating diet-disease associations in adults.
background : the serum level of amylase ( sam ) is commonly used as a biochemical marker for diagnosis and management of pancreatic disorders.
concordance of parameters using uam compared to sam was assessed.
the cutoff value of uam / ucr was @number@ with a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@.
conclusions : the uam / ucr ratio correlated with sam , and may be an alternative to sam for prediction of hyperamylasemia.
use of urine samples results in a decreased need for blood sampling , which is especially beneficial in pediatric patients.
there is a well-documented shortage of physician researchers , and numerous training programs have been launched to facilitate development of new physician scientists.
the goal of short-term training programs is to whet the students ' appetite for research and spark their interest in the field.
relatively little research has been done to test the effectiveness of short-term research training programs.
these hands-on training programs combined experiential , didactic , and mentoring elements.
the students demonstrated a significant increase in their self-efficacy for research.
trainees ' gender , ranking of their school , type of research , and specific content of research project did not predict improvement.
effect sizes for different types of items on the scale varied , with the largest gain seen in research methodology and communication of study findings.
however , there are no accepted pharmacologic therapies to improve impaired skeletal muscle function.
nitric oxide may influence skeletal muscle function through effects on excitation-contraction coupling , myofibrillar function , perfusion , and metabolism.
these findings suggest that phosphodiesterase @number@ inhibitors represent viable pharmacologic interventions to improve muscle function.
the prodromal stage of ad is characterized by mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , representing a transitional state between normal aging and ad.
microstructural abnormalities on dti are promising in vivo biomarkers of gray and white matter changes associated with the progression of ad pathology.
elevated mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy are consistently found in prodromal ad , and even in cognitively normal elderly who progress to mci.
however , quality of parameter maps may be affected by artifacts of motion , susceptibility , and eddy current-induced distortions.
the dti maps are typically analyzed by region-of-interest or voxel-based analytic techniques such as tract-based spatial statistics.
dti-based index of diffusivity is complementary to macrostructural gray matter changes in the hippocampus in detecting prodromal ad.
breakdown of structural connectivity measured with dti may impact cognitive performance during early ad.
furthermore , assessment of hippocampal connections may help in understanding the cerebral organization and remodeling associated with treatment response.
the aim of this study was to examine the agreement between the ie and validated observational pain tools.
setting : we recruited @number@ residents with limited ability to communicate.
the results were then compared with the findings of the ie.
results : the correlation between the pacslac and painad was high ( r = @number@ [ @percent@ ci : @number@.67-0.87 ] ) .
conclusion : these results may be explained by an inability of ie to assess pain correctly or by instruments providing false positive results.
we have addressed this by exploring a peptidergic neuron r15 , an identified neuron of the marine snail aplysia californica.
specifically we find that @number@ ests are differentially regulated in mature and old r15 neurons.
bioinformatics analyses of these genes have identified specific biological pathways that are up or downregulated in mature and old neurons.
conclusions : we find that aging is associated with bidirectional changes in gene expression.
detailed bioinformatics analyses and human homolog searches have identified specific biological processes and human-relevant signaling pathways in r15 that are affected during aging.
evaluation of gene expression changes in different neurons suggests specific transcriptomic signature of single neurons during aging.
intact epidermal barrier function is crucial for survival and is associated with the presence of gradients of both calcium ion concentration and electric potential.
moreover , keratinocytes and neurons show some similarities of electrochemical behaviour.
such methodology would also be potentially useful to address a number of difficult problems in clinical dermatology , such as ageing and itching.
purpose : access , enrollment , and engagement with primary and specialty health care services present significant challenges for rural populations worldwide.
methods : community outreach workers completed the intervention and assessment , enrolling veterans from @number@ counties in a southern state.
findings : eee participants enrolled and attended va appointments at higher rates and within fewer days than those who received ao.
eighty-seven percent of eee veterans attended an appointment within @number@ months , compared to @percent@ of ao veterans ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : results provide needed empirical support for a specific outreach intervention that speeds enrollment and engagement for rural individuals in va services.
planned interventions to improve service utilization should ameliorate ambivalence about accessing health care in addition to addressing traditional systems or environmental-level barriers.
there is , however , no evidence to date that primordial follicles are compromised.
in females with normal fertility , pre-antral ovarian theca cells respond to stimulation by inhibin b to provide androgen-based support for the developing follicle.
with depletion of follicle numbers , inhibin b is reduced with consequent reduction in theca dhea.
this provides conditions for increased ceramide synthesis and follicular loss through ceramide-induced apoptosis is accelerated.
sleep is an active state that plays an important role in the consolidation of memory.
it has been found to enhance explicit memories in both adults and children.
however , in contrast to adults , children do not always show a sleep-related improvement in implicit learning.
the majority of research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation focuses on adults ; hence , the current study examined sleep-related effects on two tasks in children.
thirty-three typically developing children aged 6-12 years took part in the study.
actigraphy was used to monitor sleep.
children were trained on the two tasks and retested following approximately equal retention intervals of both wake and sleep.
sleep quality and duration were not related to children's task performance.
what is known and objective : despite intriguing initial and associational studies , there remains little research on opiate-related arterial dysfunction and no longitudinal studies.
methods : thirty-eight male controls compared with @number@ opiate-dependent male patients were studied longitudinally using sphygmocor pulse wave analysis.
results and discussion : healthy male controls and opiate-dependent male patients were studied on @number@ and @number@ occasions , respectively.
94·4% and 13·2% smoked tobacco ( p < 0·0001 ) .
central systolic and diastolic pressures were also worse over time by addictive status ( p < 0·005 ) .
at repeated measures multiple regression adjusted for classical risk factors , opiate dose and duration of opiate use remained significant.
the dose-duration effect was significant in @number@ terms and by time.
the superiority of power functions of the opiate duration of exposure underscores the significance of the duration of treatment and of putative senescence induction.
an endless number of career trajectories are possible for gerontologists.
with a growing aging population , our skills and areas of expertise are of high value to numerous industries.
results from the gels revealed a fairly even split in the alumni sample of careers in traditional and nontraditional settings.
there have been few replications of efficacious evidence-based programs for dementia caregivers offered in community settings.
findings demonstrate how a multicomponent program can have positive benefits for family caregivers.
older lgbt adults are @number@ times less likely to access health care and social services ( king , @number@ ) .
social workers aim to prevent ongoing gaps in care for older lgbt adults that can lead to negative individual and social consequences.
the nshap collected data from @number@ adults ( aged 57-85 ) .
approximately @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of respondents reported at least one sssr.
results may indicate crisis competence in sexual minority elders.
collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in larger , us-based probability samples would inform the development of appropriate community-based services and supports.
cellular senescence is thought to play a major role in age-related diseases , which cause nearly @percent@ of all human deaths worldwide.
recent research in mice showed that exercising mice had higher levels of telomerase , an enzyme that helps maintain telomere length , than nonexercising mice.
a commonly used model for biological aging was proposed by penna.
i find that models corresponding to delayed cellular senescence have younger populations that live longer.
i fit the model to the united kingdom's death distribution , which the original penna model cannot do.
correlations among low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent ( bold ) signal reflect the connectivity of intrinsic large-scale networks in the brain.
these correlations have typically been characterized over the entire timecourse ( mean connectivity ) , but the mean correlations between regions vary dynamically.
results : among older adults , @percent@ were fully able to complete self-care and mobility activities.
with successive stages , physical and cognitive capacity decreased and symptoms and multimorbidity increased.
successful accommodation was associated with maintaining participation in valued activities and high well-being , but substantial disparities by race , ethnicity , and income existed.
conclusions : increased public health attention to behavioral adaptations to functional change can promote independence for older adults and may enhance quality of life.
objectives : we examined the efficiency of country-specific health care spending in improving life expectancies for men and women.
results : findings indicated robust differences in health-spending efficiency.
health-spending increases were associated with greater life expectancy improvements for men than for women in nearly every oecd country.
conclusions : this is the first study to our knowledge to estimate the effect of country-specific health expenditures on life expectancies of men and women.
future work understanding the determinants of these differences has the potential to improve the overall efficiency and equity of national health systems.
proximal humerus fractures account for approximately @percent@ of all fractures.
internal fixation with locked plating is the current mainstay of treatment for functionally active patients who desire minimal loss of function.
immune profiling of non-obese diabetic ( nod ) is a widely employed tool to assess the mechanisms of inflammatory insulitis.
the profiles of mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes differ and often change reciprocally due to directed migration of t cells towards the site of inflammation.
overall , we found no correlation between foxp3 ( + ) treg in the pancreatic lymph nodes and the inflammatory scores of individual nod mice.
immune profiles are modulated by thymic output , cell migration , shedding of markers , proliferation , survival and in-situ evolution of regulatory cells.
bivariate analyses indicated that perceived cognitive impairment was associated with increased health problems , mobility limitations , depressed mood , and lower social functioning.
conclusion : elders who reported that cognitive problems impacted their daily functioning reported the greatest health and mental health problems.
perceived cognitive impairment is an important health variable with implications for an older adult's overall health , mobility , and mental health.
this age-related decline became stronger as lifetime adversity increased.
conclusion : lifetime cumulative adversity is associated with a more noticeable process of age-related dysfunction across various markers of health.
objectives : the study examined major diatheses and stressors directly related to suicidal ideation among elderly korean immigrants.
the study also explored the significant interactions among these factors.
method : data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of @number@ elderly korean immigrants ( age ≥ @number@ ) in los angeles county.
results : using a robust hierarchical regression , the study found that neuroticism and hopelessness were significantly associated with suicidal ideation.
in addition , two interaction terms - neuroticism by hopelessness and neuroticism by acculturation - were both significant predictor variables with strong explanatory power.
conclusion : the theoretical implications as well as the practical implications for developing and implementing late-life suicide prevention strategies are discussed.
the study also aimed to undertake initial psychometric analysis on two new outcome scales designed to measure knowledge and confidence in dementia care.
methods : the study comprised two phases.
in phase two , staff undertook the ' getting to know me ' training programme ( n = 71 ) .
results : the psychometric properties of the code and kide scales are reported.
statistically significant change was identified pre-post training on all outcome measures.
clinically meaningful change was demonstrated on the code scale.
conclusions : the ' getting to know me ' programme was well received and had a significant impact on staff knowledge and confidence.
method : elderly outpatients ( n = @number@ ) were recruited in 2011-2012 by convenience sampling from three randomly selected medical centers in taiwan.
data were collected in individual interviews using a semi-structured guide and analyzed by content analysis.
results : findings revealed that most participants had heard of elderly suicide , with television news as the main source for their information.
furthermore , no participants mentioned depression as a reason for attempted or completed suicide among older people despite depression being a well-known suicide-risk factor.
future suicide-prevention programs should emphasize the role of depression in suicide among older people.
participants also did not suggest that older people considering suicide seek help from the health system.
an adequate number of nurse graduates is imperative to meet societal demands ; however , this is complicated by high nursing student attrition rates.
the program's successes and opportunities for improvement are examined , as well as the recommendations for other nursing programs facing issues with student attrition.
however , the effectiveness of these alternative approaches is still a topic of debate.
objectives : the authors review the evidence of the effectiveness of facial exercises for facial rejuvenation.
nine reports were identified from the search and were subject to further assessment.
results : although positive outcomes were achieved in all @number@ studies , none of the studies used a control group and randomization process.
they were single case reports , small case series , or studies with a single-group pretest-posttest design.
conclusions : the evidence to date is insufficient to determine whether facial exercises are effective for facial rejuvenation.
evidence from large randomized controlled trials will be needed before conclusions can be drawn.
background : early identification of treatment failure for nosocomial pneumonia remains a major challenge.
methods : a prospective observational study was conducted with @number@ subjects ( ≥ @number@ y old ) admitted to the icu with severe nosocomial pneumonia.
serum procalcitonin was measured on days @number@ @number@ and @number@ and at the end of treatment.
the procalcitonin time course was analyzed according to the therapeutic efficacy.
by comparison , traditional parameters and absolute procalcitonin failed to predict treatment response ( p > @number@ ) .
conclusions : procalcitonin levels were not influenced by aging , and procalcitonin kinetics might help to identify treatment failure.
in recent years , a constant growth of knowledge and clinical applications of stem cells have been observed.
the most investigated source of mscs is bone marrow ( bm ) .
yet , collection of bm is an invasive procedure associated with significant discomfort to the patient.
the procedure results in a relatively low number of these cells , which can decrease with donor's age.
therefore , it seems to be very important to find other sources of mesenchymal stem cells nowadays.
besides homing and differentiation in the area of injury , mscs there elicit strong paracrine effects stimulating the processes of repair.
purpose : endosonographic elastography has been introduced as a method of estimating the stiffness of pancreatic tumors.
this prospective single-center study was conducted to evaluate changes in the stiffness of the pancreas related to age and diffuse chronic pancreatitis.
three elastograms were obtained in each case by endosonography in a defined section through the pancreatic body.
elastograms were further evaluated by histogram analysis.
the three groups were compared statistically with regard to pancreatic stiffness.
a cut-off level for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis was defined by testing receiver operating characteristics curves.
pairwise comparison of the groups revealed highly significant differences ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : semiquantitative elastography shows that pancreata become significantly harder during aging , but remain softer than in chronic pancreatitis.
a cut-off value of @number@ is suggested as a possible diagnostic criterion for diffuse chronic pancreatitis.
eyelid blepharoplasty is a common plastic surgical procedure in patients between the age of @number@ and @number@ and is performed by different specialists.
preoperative evaluation and understanding the patient's aesthetic expectations are essential for surgery planning.
laser blepharoplasty offers the possibility to perform incision and haemostasis with the same device.
this article reports on our experience with the co2 laser.
as the average lifespan of humans continues to increase , improvement in the quality of life for elderly people is important.
among the most severe problems during aging are bone loss-associated diseases such as poor fracture healing and osteoporosis.
therapy-induced bone loss such as bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw also increases in incidence with age.
it was observed that those individuals who accrued more ltm from adolescence to adulthood had significantly greater adult bone structural strength at the hip.
methods : one hundred three young adult participants ( @number@ males , @number@ females ) were tertiled into adolescent ltm accrual groupings.
group differences were assessed using an analysis of covariance , controlling for adult height , weight , sex , and physical activity levels.
astaxanthin ( ast ) is a carotenoid pigment which possesses potent antioxidative , anti-inflammatory , and neuroprotective properties.
background : proximal humeral fractures are mainly associated with osteoporosis and are becoming more common with the aging of our society.
the best surgical approach for internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures is still being debated.
methods : we randomized @number@ patients with proximal humeral fractures to receive one of these two approaches ( @number@ patients for each approach ) .
baseline and perioperative data were comparable for both approaches.
results : complications or reoperations between the approaches were not different.
conclusions : the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with a polyaxial locking plate is reliable using both approaches.
for a definitive recommendation for one of these approaches , further studies with appropriate sample size are necessary.
level of evidence : level ii , therapeutic study.
see the guidelines for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
we investigated the influence of esr2 polymorphisms on age at onset of ad in a multiethnic cohort of women.
objectives : to determine whether gene variants would affect risk for ad differently in women of different population ancestries.
conclusions : esr2 polymorphisms affect risk for ad in women , and risk alleles vary by aims-defined ancestry and self-identified ethnicity.
these effects are possibly due to different linkage disequilibrium patterns or differences in comorbid risk factors mediating snp effect on risk for ad by group.
late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults , affecting over @percent@ of those over age @number@
aging is the most important risk factor for the development of load.
aging is associated with the decrease in the ability of cells to cope with cellular stress , especially protein aggregation.
here we describe how the process of aging affects pathways that control the processing and degradation of abnormal proteins including amyloid-β ( aβ ) .
genetic association studies in load have successfully identified a large number of genetic variants involved in the development of the disease.
however , there is a gap in understanding the interconnections between these pathomolecular events that prevent us from discovering therapeutic targets.
we propose novel , pertinent links to elucidate how the biology of aging affects the sequence of events in the development of load.
here we report a post-translational function for the lncrna hotair as an inducer of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.
hotair levels are highly upregulated in senescent cells , causing rapid decay of targets ataxin-1 and snurportin-1 , and preventing premature senescence.
these results uncover a role for a lncrna , hotair , as a platform for protein ubiquitination.
the data indicate that the highest binding affinities and functional activities were produced by methyl and ethyl substituents at the α ' position.
a 56-year-old woman presented with red-purple blotches on both forearms which had suddenly appeared without any pain , pruritus or trauma.
laboratory investigation showed no abnormalities.
histopathology revealed non-inflammatory actinic purpura.
these purpura are frequently seen in older people due to a weakened collagen framework.
mitochondria grow , divide , and fuse in cells.
mitochondrial division is critical for the maintenance of the structure and function of mitochondria.
alterations in this process have been linked to many human diseases , including peripheral neuropathies and aging-related neurological disorders.
objectives : to investigate the association of mood and anxiety symptoms with sleep architecture ( the distribution of sleep stages ) in community-dwelling older men.
method : we used in-home unattended polysomnography to measure sleep architecture in older men.
the sleep architecture of anx + or dep + / anx + men did not differ from asymptomatic men.
discussion : depressed mood in older adults may be associated with accelerated age-related changes in sleep architecture.
longitudinal community-based studies using diagnostic measures are needed to further clarify relationships among common mental disorders , aging , and sleep.
by analyzing igg glycosylation in @number@ individuals from four european populations , we have revealed very complex patterns of changes in igg glycosylation with age.
the remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age.
thus , igg glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages.
significance statement : glycosylation is the key posttranslational mechanism that regulates function of immunoglobulins , with multiple systemic repercussions to the immune system.
our study of igg glycosylation in @number@ individuals from four european populations has revealed very extensive and complex changes in igg glycosylation with age.
the ability to measure human biological aging using molecular profiling has practical applications for diverse fields such as disease prevention and treatment , or forensics.
posttranslational modifications of circulating proteins such as immunoglobulins may prove to be important biomarkers of aging.
methods : this is a combined retrospective-prospective cohort study , which includes @number@ community-dwelling older men and women participants.
asm was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up.
participants with a relative change in asm below the sex-specific 15th value were classified as the low relative asm group.
homeostatic model assessment was used to quantify insulin resistance.
logistic regression calculated odds ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals for development of low relative asm , adjusted for covariates.
the low relative asm group was older and had higher insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values at baseline.
after adjusting for age , the risk increased to @number@ times higher ( @percent@ ci , @date@ @number@ p = @number@ ) .
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is as an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder involving both upper and lower motor neurons.
about @percent@ of all cases exhibit signs of frontotemporal degeneration ( ftd ) .
sequence analysis of als cohort identified @number@ novel variants on sod1 ( p.glu41gly ) and fus ( p.gly496glyfs 31 ) .
interestingly , the single base deletion on fus was observed in an homozygous state , suggesting a recessive pattern of inheritance.
no point mutations were identified on ftd cohort.
although useful to direct genetic testing , this study results expand the current knowledge of als genetics.
in vitro studies were conducted using rodent islets and clonal rat and human pancreatic β-cell lines ( brin-bd11 and @number@.1b4 respectively ) .
cells / islets were incubated for @number@ h with ehsp72 ( @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ ng / ml ) .
cell viability was measured using three different methods.
the impact of hsp72 on β-cell metabolic status was determined using seahorse bioscience xfe96 technology.
similarly , ehsp72 reduced β-cell viability ( at least @percent@ for brin-bd11 and @percent@ for @number@.1b4 cells ) .
bioenergetic studies revealed that ehsp72 altered pancreatic β-cell metabolism.
oxpapc restored insulin secretion in islets incubated with @number@ ng / ml ehsp72.
in conclusion , we have demonstrated a positive correlation between ehsp72 and ir.
in addition , we suggest that chronic ehsp72 exposure may mediate β-cell failure.
objective : the worldwide population aging and the nowadays medical advances impose to consider new management guidelines for elderly.
aim of this study was to assess the best treatment in elderly with multiple intracranial aneurysms ( mia ) .
methods : from @number@ to @number@ we admitted @number@ patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
among those aged ≥65 years , @number@ had mia ( @percent@ of elderly ) .
size and aneurysm location , timing and type of treatment were analyzed.
patients were thus stratified according to hunt-hess grade on admission and evaluated at @number@ months using the glasgow outcome scale ( gos ) .
results : we had @number@ aneurysms in the final series.
three patients died because of the impossibility to treat the ruptured aneurysm.
no new bleeding from untreated aneurysms was observed ; no retreatment after previous coiling was performed.
in patients without large hematomas , coiling of the ruptured aneurysm represents the procedure with high effectiveness.
the clinical conditions on admission represent the most important factor for the treatment results.
to reduce the treatment-related risks we do recommend a conservative approach for the unruptured aneurysms.
background and aim : liver regeneration likely decreases with age by an , as yet , incompletely understood mechanism , restricting the extent of hepatectomy.
we therefore analyzed the effect of aging on liver regeneration and investigated mechanisms associate with poor regeneration of human liver.
methods : we assessed @number@ patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institute between @number@ and @number@
regenerated liver volumes were calculated and compared with clinicopathological factors , and correlations between liver regeneration and gene expression were calculated.
furthermore , p16 expression was negatively correlated with liver regeneration in older patients ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
background : primary care physicians routinely provide dementia care , but may lack the clinical skills and awareness of available resources to provide optimal care.
we conducted a community-based pilot dementia training intervention designed to both improve clinical competency and increase utilization of local dementia care services.
questionnaires about their dementia care competency and referral patterns were completed before and @number@ months after the training intervention.
results : physicians reported significantly higher overall confidence in their dementia care competency @number@ months post-training compared to pre-training.
the largest reported improvements were in their ability to educate patients and caregivers about dementia and making appropriate referrals to community care services.
participants also reported markedly increased use of cognitive screening tools in providing care.
community service providers recorded approximately @number@ physician-initiated referrals over a @number@ year-period post-training , compared to few beforehand.
it is especially important for patients with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , when decrease of body mass , resulting in malnutrition.
assessment of diet of individuals living at homes was based on self-reported data from one-day dietary recall.
assessment of diet of individuals living in nursing homes was based on one-day menu from nursing homes accompanied by information about snacking between meals.
the diets were assessed on the basis of qualitative meal classification method of bieliiska and kulesza.
results : individuals living in nursing homes consumed meals more often than living at homes , while ad did not have any impact on it.
consuming animal products to almost all main meals was observed in case of many individuals in all analyzed groups.
composition of majority of main meals and small amount of lunches and afternoon snacks was rational.
background : limited evidence exists on the utilization of surveillance colonoscopy in colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening programs.
we assessed adherence to physician recommendations for surveillance in opportunistic crc screening in germany.
methods : a follow-up study of screening colonoscopy participants in 2007-2009 in saarland , germany , was conducted using health insurance claims data.
utilization of additional colonoscopies through to @number@ was ascertained.
potential predictors of non-adherence were investigated using logistic regression analysis.
results : a total of @number@ screening colonoscopy participants were included in the study.
old age , longer recommended surveillance interval , not having had polypectomy at screening and negative colonoscopy were statistically significant predictors of non-adherence.
conclusion : this study suggests frequent non-adherence to physician recommendations for surveillance colonoscopy in community practice.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is associated with abnormal functioning of the default mode network ( dmn ) .
however , whether or not amci also alters the effective connectivity ( ec ) of the dmn remains unknown.
bn analysis demonstrated heterogeneous regional convergence degree across dmn regions , which were organized into two closely interacting subsystems.
compared to controls , the amci group showed altered directed connectivity weights between dmn regions in the fronto-parietal , temporo-frontal , and temporo-parietal pathways.
the amci group also exhibited altered regional convergence degree in the right inferior parietal lobule.
orf1p and orf2p demonstrate cis-preference for their encoding mrna.
previous studies of orf1p , purified from bacterial and insect cells demonstrated that this protein forms trimers in vitro.
while valuable for understanding orf1p function , these in vitro approaches do not provide any information on orf1p self-interaction in the context of mammalian cells.
we used a mammalian two-hybrid ( m2h ) system in order to study l1 orf1p self-interaction in human and mouse cells.
we demonstrate that the m2h system successfully detects human and mouse orf1p self-interactions in transiently transfected mammalian cells.
we also generated mouse and human orf1p-specific antibodies to characterize the expression of orf1p fusion proteins used in the m2h system.
background : in the elderly , the ankle-brachial index ( abi ) has greater than @percent@ sensitivity and specificity for peripheral artery disease identification.
a well-known relation exists between peripheral artery disease and the number of diseased coronary vessels.
yet , other anatomical characteristics have important impacts on the type of treatment and prognosis.
purpose : to determine the relation between abi and the complexity of coronary artery disease , by different anatomical classifications.
methods : this study was a prospective analysis of patients ≥65 years old who were undergoing elective coronary angiography for ischemic coronary disease.
the abi was calculated for each leg , as the ratio between the lowest ankle pressure and the highest brachial pressure.
results : the study recruited @number@ consecutive patients ( median age : @number@ years ) .
stable angina was present in @percent@ of patients.
although only @percent@ of patients reported peripheral artery disease , @percent@ exhibited an abnormal abi.
background : restorative home care services are short-term and aimed at maximizing a person's ability to live independently.
they are multidimensional and often include an exercise program to improve strength , mobility , and balance.
methods : a pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted in an organization with an established restorative home care service.
results : there was no difference between the groups in the amounts of exercise undertaken during the 8-week intervention period.
the protein mutated in huntington disease ( hd ) , mutant huntingtin ( mhtt ) , is expressed throughout the brain and body.
however , the pathology of hd is characterized by early and dramatic destruction selectively of the striatum.
we previously reported that the striatal-specific protein rhes binds mhtt and enhances its cytotoxicity.
moreover , rhes-deleted mice are dramatically protected from neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in mouse models of hd.
we now report a function of rhes in autophagy , a lysosomal degradation pathway implicated in aging and hd neurodegeneration.
in pc12 cells , deletion of endogenous rhes decreases autophagy , whereas rhes overexpression activates autophagy.
these effects are independent of mtor and opposite in the direction predicted by the known activation of mtor by rhes.
rhes robustly binds the autophagy regulator beclin-1 , decreasing its inhibitory interaction with bcl-2 independent of jnk-1 signaling.
finally , co-expression of mhtt blocks rhes-induced autophagy activation.
thus , the isolated pathology and delayed onset of hd may reflect the striatal-selective expression and changes in autophagic activity of rhes.
accumulating data suggest that the interaction between the n- and the c-terminal domains in the protein may be the main pathologic feature of apoe4.
learning and memory task performance were impaired in arg-61 mice at both old and young ages compared with c57bl / 6j mice.
these results are consistent with human apoe4-dependent cognitive and neuro-pathologic changes , supporting the principal role of domain interaction in the pathologic effect of apoe4.
domain interaction is , therefore , a viable therapeutic / prophylactic target for cognitive impairment and ad in apoe4 subjects.
the autonomic nervous system plays a central role in both acute and chronic blood pressure regulation in humans.
in contrast , there is no association between sympathetic nerve activity and peripheral resistance in women before menopause , yet a positive association after menopause.
we hypothesized that autonomic support of blood pressure is higher after menopause in women.
the women were studied before and during autonomic blockade using trimethaphan camsylate.
muscle sympathetic nerve activity bursts were abolished by trimethaphan within minutes.
microtubules are key cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells.
tau was identified as microtubule associated protein and was implicated in microtubule initiation as well as assembly.
its expression is increased expression in neurons and has a specific association with axonal microtubules.
neurodegenerative disorders associated with abundant tau inclusions are collectively described as tauopathies.
pathological inclusions in neurons and glial cells containing fibrillary aggregates of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein are characteristic features of tauopathies.
disease specific isoform compositions of tau are identified in these tauopathies.
neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) in alzheimer's disease contain both three repeat ( 3r ) - and four repeat ( 4r ) -tau.
pick bodies in pid are immunopositive for 3r-tau.
argyrophilic grains are immunopositive for 4r-tau.
master athletes are more than @number@ years of age and continue to train as hard as their young counterparts despite the aging process.
all life long , they are capable of accomplishing exceptional sporting performances.
for these participants in endurance events , matching energy intake and expenditure is critical to maintain health and performance.
in addition , endurance athletes must include adequate vitamins and minerals in their diets to maintain healthy immune function.
vitamins and minerals may be sufficient in the diets of endurance athletes , who have a high energy intake.
this would make it unnecessary to use vitamin and mineral supplements.
for individuals exposed to oxidative stress , micronutritional supplementations rich in vitamins and minerals can be also an alternative strategy.
the potential benefits of supplement use in athletes are thus questionable.
some studies indicate no benefits , while others highlight potential negative side effects of vitamin supplementation.
additional studies are warranted in order to design adapted prescriptions in antioxidant vitamins and minerals.
objective : to characterize lonmo and lonmosd , and to analyze their predictive factors of disability and death.
methods : we identified @number@ patients from four cohorts of nmo / nmosd in france , germany , turkey and uk.
we extracted the late onset patients and analyzed them for predictive factors of disability and death , using the cox proportional model.
results : we followed up on @number@ patients with lonmo and @number@ with lonmosd during a mean of @number@ years.
no progressive course was noted.
outcome was mainly characterized by motor disability and relatively good visual function.
the edss @number@ score was independently predicted by an older age at onset , as a continuous variable after @number@ years of age.
death was predicted by two independent factors : an older age at onset and a high annualized relapse rate.
conclusion : lonmo / lonmosd is particularly severe , with a high rate of motor impairment and death.
background : tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) levels are associated with risk for heart failure ( hf ) .
during a median follow-up of @number@ ( @date@ @number@ ) years , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed hf.
conclusions : in older adults , elevated levels of stnf-r1 are associated with increased risk for incident hf.
however , addition of tnf-r1 to the previously validated health abc hf risk model did not demonstrate material improvement in net discrimination or reclassification.
second , the authors examined whether baseline participation in lifestyle activities predicted differential @number@.5-year stabilities and transitions in cognitive status.
participants ( initial n = @number@ 53-90 years ) were from the victoria longitudinal study.
ef was represented by a 1-factor structure.
lifestyle activities were measured in multiple domains of engagement ( e.g. , cognitive , physical , and social ) .
two-wave status stability groups included sustained normal aging , transitional early impairment , and chronic impairment.
hierarchical regressions showed that baseline participation in social activities moderated cognitive status differences in ef.
ci adults with high ( but not low ) social engagement performed equivalently to cn adults on ef.
longitudinally , logistic regressions showed that engagement in physical activities was a significant predictor of stability of cognitive status.
ci adults who were more engaged in physical activities were more likely to improve in their cognitive status over time than their more sedentary peers.
participation in cognitive activities was a significant predictor of maintenance in a higher cognitive status group.
mutant n-terminal huntingtin ( htt ) protein resulting from huntington's disease ( hd ) with expanded polyglutamine accumulates and forms aggregates in vulnerable neurons.
both ubiquitin proteasomal and autophagic pathways contribute to the degradation of mutant htt.
here , we focus on the involvement of chaperone-mediated autophagy ( cma ) , a selective form of autophagy in the clearance of htt.
the substrates are taken into the lysosomes through lamp-2a and are rapidly degraded by the lysosomal enzymes.
taken together , we summarize the recent evidence to elucidate that htt is also a potential substrate of cma.
we propose that the manipulation of cma could be a therapeutic strategy for hd.
however , the physiological , biochemical and molecular mechanism underlying such effects remain elusive.
fcp at a concentration of @number@ μg ml ( @number@ ) significantly improved the life span and tolerance against thermally induced stress in c. elegans.
the fcp induced differential expression of genes and proteins is associated with stress response pathways.
under thermal stress , fcp treatment significantly altered the expression of @number@ proteins ( @number@ up-regulated & @number@ down-regulated ) .
putative functional analysis of fcp-induced differential proteins signified an association of altered proteins in stress-related molecular and biochemical pathways of the model worm.
to accomplish this , a better understanding of disease mechanisms is needed.
these parameters , excluding bmi values , were also significantly associated within sib-ships , suggesting a strong familial / genetic component.
geographical micro-heterogeneity of survival predictors emerged , such as functional and physical status being more important in southern than in central and northern italy.
stroke is a leading cause of death and the most common cause of long-term disability in the usa.
however , as women age , they are disproportionately affected by stroke , coincident with the loss of estrogen with menopause.
the risk of stroke in elderly women exceeds that of men and it is clear that in some settings estrogen can have pro-inflammatory effects.
this review will focus on estrogen and inflammation and its interaction with aging.
research into the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions ( mbi ) in age-related conditions and disorders is still in its infancy.
special focus is dedicated to the contribution of optimal cognitive abilities to this success and to what extent mbi may support cognitive reserve.
we hypothesized that age-related biochemical changes in bladder leading to altered bladder function will be reflected in altered urinary proteome of elderly oab patients.
eight chemokines in urine were measured by milliplex map human cytokine / chemokine multiplex immunoassay and elisa.
multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were done to determine association of age with urinary chemokines in oab patients.
conclusions : based on our findings , we postulate that age-associated biochemical changes may accentuate the inflammation associated with oab.
likewise , elevation of mcp- @date@ be related to decreased muscle mass and increased content of adipose tissue in bladder of elderly oab patients.
urinary ngf and mcp-1 can serve as surrogate markers for monitoring age-associated biochemical changes and the effect of therapeutic interventions in oab patients.
as life expectancy increases , it is imperative that health care providers recognize the importance of safe medication use within an aging geriatric population.
dealing with a cohort that has different biological and medical demands requires pharmacists to pay particular attention to details when treating this subset of individuals.
in particular , this manuscript will focus on alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and considerations when dealing with new treatment options.
reservations stem from unproven superiority along with an increased incidence of adverse events.
interacting with older adults is a daily practice for pharmacists.
it is important to understand how medications affect their wellbeing , but there are many other factors that affect quality of life.
during her stay , she did not attend classes nor leave the facility unless on the south bay bus with the other assisted living residents.
she lived with a 92-year-old roommate , developed close friendships with many of the residents , and kept a detailed journal of her experience.
methods : cross-sectional data were from the 2008-2010 survey of the health of wisconsin , a representative sample of adults aged 21-74 years.
participants ( n = @number@ ) completed questionnaires about caregiving status , sociodemographics , global stress , and hrqol.
staged generalized additive models assessed the impact of caregiving on hrqol and the role of caregiver strain and global stress in this relationship.
results : in the last @number@ months , @percent@ of the sample reported caregiving.
screening , monitoring , and reducing stress in multiple life domains presents an opportunity to improve hrqol outcomes for caregivers.
objectives : to investigate differences and similarities in predictors of having paid work in workers aged 55 + with and without chronic disease.
methods : workers aged 55-62 years were selected from the 2002-2003 cohort of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( n = @number@ ) .
potential predictors were : health , personality , work characteristics , and demographics.
per potential predictor , a logistic regression coefficient for ' having paid work in 2005-2006 ' was calculated for workers with and without chronic disease.
a pooled estimate was computed and differences between the pooled estimate and the coefficients were tested.
results follow-up data were available for @number@ % , of whom @number@ % still had paid work.
in particular the vulnerable subgroup of older workers with chronic disease and low psychosocial resources at work is more likely to quit working.
the klotho gene is a suppressor of the aging phenomena , and the secretion as well as the circulation of klotho proteins decrease with aging.
although habitual exercise has antiaging effects ( e.g. , a decrease in arterial stiffness ) , the relationship between klotho and habitual exercise remains unclear.
in the present study , we investigated the effect of habitual exercise on klotho , with a particular focus on arterial stiffness.
second , we tested the effects of aerobic exercise training on plasma klotho concentrations and arterial stiffness.
a total of @number@ healthy , postmenopausal women ( 50-76 years old ) were divided into two groups : control group and exercise group.
the exercise group completed @number@ wk of moderate aerobic exercise training.
in the cross-sectional study , plasma klotho concentrations positively correlated with carotid artery compliance and vt and negatively correlated with the β-stiffness index.
in the interventional study , aerobic exercise training increased plasma klotho concentrations and carotid artery compliance and decreased the β-stiffness index.
moreover , the changes in plasma klotho concentration and arterial stiffness were found to be correlated.
these results suggest a possible role for secreted klotho in the exercise-induced modulation of arterial stiffness.
importance : in the coming decades , the population of older adults with type @number@ diabetes mellitus is expected to grow substantially.
objective to contrast the rates of diabetes complications and mortality across age and diabetes duration categories.
results : among older adults with diabetes of short duration , cardiovascular complications followed by hypoglycemia were the most common nonfatal complications.
conclusions and relevance : duration of diabetes and advancing age independently predict diabetes morbidity and mortality rates.
cerebral microbleeds ( cmbs ) are considered to be a novel marker of cerebral small vessel disease.
however , the link with cognitive impairment remains unclear.
we investigated whether cmbs-independent of other traditional markers of cerebral small vessel disease-are related to cognition.
the presence and number of cmbs were graded using brain observer microbleed scale on susceptibility-weighted images.
other magnetic resonance imaging lesions that were graded included presence of lacunes , white matter lesion , and total brain volumes.
a comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered and cognitive function was summarized as composite and domain-specific z-scores.
among @number@ subjects , @number@ had any cmbs ( @percent@ ) , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) had multiple cmbs.
among chinese subjects cmbs were , independent of other concomitant markers of cerebral small vessel disease , associated with poorer cognitive function.
observed and self-reported ability to walk @number@ m at baseline and at @number@ yrs were primary outcomes.
predictors included leg speed , leg strength , leg strength symmetry , range of motion , balance , and kyphosis.
conclusions : the profiles of attributes that are associated with self-reported vs. observed walking ability differ.
the factor most consistently associated with current and future walking ability is leg speed.
these results draw attention to important foci for rehabilitation.
in @number@ m. raymond described a progressive muscle wasting and weakness in @number@ individuals survivors of childhood acute poliomyelitis.
is estimated to affect @number@ to @percent@ of individuals with a history of polio in childhood.
in @number@ first described the diagnostic criteria.
this syndrome determines a change in the functional abilities.
its pathogenesis is unknown , may be associated with aging.
it could also be due to an inflammatory persistent or be influenced by genetic factors.
there is no effective drug treatment , so i can only recommend symptomatic and moderate muscle training.
background : the incidence of complicated choledochocystolithiasis is increasing with the aging of society in japan.
the discrimination power of me-pass was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( auc ) .
the correlation between ordinal and interval variables was quantified by the spearman rank correlation ( ρ ) .
the ratio of observed-to-estimated mortality rates ( oe ratio ) was used as a metric of surgical quality.
assessment of cognitive functioning is an important component of telephone surveys of health.
previous cognitive telephone batteries have been limited in scope with a primary focus on dementia screening.
we found good evidence for construct validity with a subsample tested in person.
design : a cross-sectional analysis of a healthy subset from the good aging in skåne-cohort study representative of the swedish general population.
methods : plasma cystatin c and plasma creatinine were used as markers for gfr.
estimated gfr ( egfr ) was calculated with three chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration ( ckd-epi ) formulas involving cystatin c , creatinine or both.
the difference in mg / l between the 5th and 95th percentile was @number@ @number@ and @number@ for these age groups.
smoking , lower hdl and higher diastolic blood pressure were associated with higher cystatin c levels.
conclusion : non-diabetics without overt vascular disease exhibit an age related but heterogeneous decline in renal function.
the ageing effect is more pronounced in men.
background : structure and function of the human brain are subjected to dramatic changes during its development and aging.
however , the underlining molecular mechanisms are not well understood.
in general , development and aging are conventionally studied separately , which may not completely address the physiological mechanism over the entire lifespan.
methods : in this study , we integrated mirna and mrna expression profiles in the human brain across lifespan from the network perspective.
first , we chose the age-related mirnas by polynomial regression models.
second , we constructed the bipartite mirna-mrna regulatory network by pair-wise correlation coefficient analysis between mirna and mrna expression profiles.
results : we found that the average degree of age-related mirnas was significantly higher than that of non age-related mirnas in the mirna-mrna regulatory network.
the synergistic regulations of module genes were verified by reviewing mirna target databases and previous studies.
conclusions : age-related mirnas play a more important role than non age-related mrrnas in the developmental and aging process of the human brain.
the age-related mirnas have synergism , which tend to work together as small modules.
these results may provide a new insight into the regulation of mirnas in the developmental and aging process of the human brain.
while numerous studies have characterized the former abilities in infancy , expectations about emotions have gone relatively unexplored.
specifically , infants look longer at a negative emotional display when it follows a completed goal compared to when it follows a failed goal.
human memory is a highly heritable polygenic trait with complex inheritance patterns.
to study the genetics of memory and memory-related diseases , hippocampal functioning has served as an intermediate phenotype.
the importance of investigating gene-gene effects on complex phenotypes has been emphasized , but most imaging studies still focus on single polymorphisms.
here , we investigated the combined effect of apoe and bdnf on hippocampal activation ( n = 151 ) .
no non-additive interaction effects were seen.
the combined effect was stronger than either of the individual effects , and both gene variables explained significant proportions of variance in bold signal change.
this effect might be relevant for the understanding of normal variability in memory function as well as memory-related disorders associated with apoe and bdnf.
moreover , with aging higher inflammation in adipose tissue may be observed and may contribute to inflammaging.
the initiating events of the inflammatory cascade promoting a greater at inflammatory profile are not completely understood.
evidences are sparse and quite controversial with only a few studies performed in older subjects.
a number of oxidative protein modifications have been well characterized during the past decade.
despite compelling evidence linking protein carbonylation to numerous disorders , the underlying molecular mechanisms at the proteome remain to be identified.
here we report the first proteome-wide study of carbonylated proteins including modification sites in hela cells for mild oxidative stress conditions.
the analysis relied on our recent strategy utilizing mass spectrometry-based enrichment of carbonylated peptides after dnph derivatization.
thus a total of @number@ carbonylated proteins containing @number@ carbonylation sites were consistently identified in three replicates.
most carbonylation sites ( @number@ @percent@ ) resulted from oxidation of lysine residues ( aminoadipic semialdehyde ) .
the sequence motifs were significantly enriched for lysine and arginine residues near carbonylation sites ( ±10 residues ) .
gene ontology analysis revealed that @percent@ of the carbonylated proteins originated from organelles , @percent@ enrichment of which was demonstrated for the nucleus.
moreover , functional interactions between carbonylated proteins of kinetochore / spindle machinery and centrosome organization were significantly enriched.
one-third of the @number@ carbonylated proteins identified here are regulated during apoptosis.
we tested the hypothesis that the biomechanical properties of root dentine change with ageing.
finite element analysis revealed that due to its higher elastic modulus , old apical dentine has a higher stress level than young dentine.
conclusions : the intrinsic material properties of root dentine have spatial variations , and they are altered by ageing.
almost @percent@ of humans present a toxoplasma gondii positive antibody status and its prevalence increases with age.
the central nervous system is the main target.
however , little is known about the influence of asymptomatic i.e. latent toxoplasmosis on cognitive functions in humans.
to investigate neurocognitive dysfunctions in asymptomatic older adults with t. gondii positive antibody status a double-blinded neuropsychological study was conducted.
the outcome measures were a computer-based working-memory test ( 2-back ) and several standardized psychometric tests of memory and executive cognitive functions.
t-pos seniors showed an impairment of different aspects of memory.
in contrast , executive functions were not affected.
the effects remained mostly unchanged after controlling for medication.
the impairment of memory functions in t-pos seniors was accompanied by a decreased self-reported quality of life.
because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic toxoplasmosis and an increasing population of older adults this finding is of high relevance for public health.
the results indicate that repeatable data can be obtained with high within-subject correlation.
probes that could discriminate between individuals are associated with immune and inflammatory functions.
when investigating possible time trends in the microarray data , we have found no differential expression within a sampling period ( within-season effect ) .
differential expression was observed between sampling seasons and the data suggest a weak response of genes related to immune system functioning.
finally , a high number of probes showed significant season-specific expression variability within subjects.
expression variability increased in springtime and there was an association of the probe list with immune system functioning.
our study suggests that the blood transcriptome of healthy individuals is reproducible over a time period of several months.
menopause is the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life well before natural death.
sex steroids are central to sexual development and reproduction , exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple tissues and organs throughout the lifespan of humans.
sex steroids are fundamental to skeletal development , bone homeostasis and immune function.
age-associated reductions in sex steroids also provide insight into apparent temporal increases in susceptibility to periodontitis and alveolar bone loss , particularly among women.
chronic inflammation is a prominent feature of aging and of common age-related diseases , including atherosclerosis , cancer and periodontitis.
this volume examines modifiable risk factors for periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
risk of disease is dynamic and changes in response to complex interactions of genetic , environmental and stochastic factors over the lifespan.
interventions that target modifiable risk factors have the potential to improve risk profiles for periodontitis as well as for other common chronic diseases.
objective : effective monitoring and treatment are needed to address the elevated rates of medical comorbidity among individuals with serious mental illnesses.
the telehealth intervention was delivered for @number@ months with feasibility and acceptability as the primary outcomes.
results : most individuals ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) participated in at least @percent@ of the telehealth sessions.
participation was associated with improvements in self-efficacy for managing depression and diastolic blood pressure.
objectives : to assess the association between self-reported noncancer pain and 5-year mortality.
design : cohort.
setting : community-dwelling older adults.
participants : canadian study of health and aging @number@ wave.
measurements : registrar of vital statistics-established 5-year mortality.
frailty was the accumulation of health deficits.
cognitive status ( modified mini-mental state examination ) and depressed mood ( five-item mental health screening questionnaire ) were also assessed.
multivariable logistic regression and cox proportional hazards were used to analyze the relationship between pain and 5-year mortality.
an interaction between pain and sex explained this effect.
lipotoxicity and adipokines have been focused as key issues for explaining mets in hiv patients.
several studies have investigated the pathophysiology of mets and cardiovascular complications in hiv infection.
evidence shows that both hiv infection per se and hiv-related chronic immune activation despite antiretroviral therapy are critical factors linking mets and cardiovascular complications.
a variety of chronic pathologies often come along with the aging process and are experienced by many patients in late adulthood.
ems providers must be aware of the various challenges of transporting the geriatric population.
prevention is key to helping older patients avoid potentially devastating situations , such as falls , medication errors and urban hyperthermia.
oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disease and it has also been linked to accelerated telomere shortening.
telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that protect these ends from degradation and fusion.
telomeres shorten with each cell division eventually leading to cellular senescence.
research has shown that poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase-1 ( parp-1 ) and subtelomeric methylation play a role in telomere stability.
we hypothesized that parp-1 plays a role in accelerated aging in chronic inflammatory diseases due to its role as coactivator of nf-κb and ap-1.
results showed that parp-1 inhibition under normal culturing conditions accelerated the rate of telomere shortening.
however , under conditions of chronic oxidative stress , parp-1 inhibition did not show accelerated telomere shortening.
we also observed a strong correlation between telomere length and subtelomeric methylation status of hf cells.
we conclude that chronic parp-1 inhibition appears to be beneficial in conditions of chronic oxidative stress but may be detrimental under relatively normal conditions.
anemia is a common feature of hiv-related disease and has been uniformly demonstrated to be an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality.
anemia is also a common feature of normal aging.
this suggests that hiv induces inflammatory pathways that are associated with a pattern of accelerated aging and that anemia is a biomarker of these processes.
a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hiv-related anemia may provide important entry points for improving the chronic manifestations of hiv-related disease.
the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is undergoing profound changes.
therefore , it becomes increasingly challenging to select the right treatment strategy for each condition.
this article summarizes the currently available diagnostic and therapeutic tools and gives an integrated recommendation of how to manage cll in @number@
moreover , i propose a strategy how we might integrate the novel agents for cll therapy into sequential treatment approaches in the near future.
two lingering problems regarding transplantation in older adults have been how to select patients appropriately and whether to use older sibling donors.
patients with excellent performance status and low comorbidity have the best long-term survival after hct.
however , muds also achieve acceptable outcomes and long-term disease control.
an alternative donor can be considered based on institutional protocols and expertise.
very limited information is available in patients or related donors @number@ years of age and older.
future efforts to more completely characterize patient health status before transplantation will allow better application of hct in older adults.
hemophilia is caused by a functional deficiency of one of the coagulation proteins.
however , these therapies are expensive and require iv infusions @number@ to @number@ times each week.
seven variables of interest were measured and analysed to identify morphologic alterations of the vertebral bodies in each qcmc category.
results : statistically significant differences ( p < @number@ ) were observed among all qcmc categories for the variables analysed.
the mlrm presented a predictability of @percent@.
the model that combines the four parameters measured on the vertebral bodies , the age and the gender showed an excellent prediction.
the rapidly aging population and their frequent use of hospital services will create substantial quality challenges in the near future.
redesigning rural hospital work environments is the key to improving the quality of care for older adults.
this study explored how the work environment influences registered nurses ' ( rns' ) perceived quality of geriatric care in rural hospitals.
we used an exploratory mixed-methods research design emphasizing the qualitative data ( in-depth , semi-structured interviews ) .
quantitative data ( questionnaire ) measuring the rn work environment were also collected to augment qualitative data.
we concluded that rural hospital work environments may not be optimized to facilitate the delivery of quality geriatric care.
targeted interventions are needed to improve overall quality of care for hospitalized older adults in rural settings.
however , homeostatic forces that dictate such changes remain incompletely understood.
purpose of the study : older americans contemplating retirement today face a very different economic environment than prior cohorts did.
this article examines whether the retirement patterns of older americans have changed as a result.
determinants of retirement transitions are examined using bivariate comparisons and multivariate logistic and multinomial logistic regression models.
implications : the \ "do-it-yourself \ " approach to retirement planning-with individuals managing a large portion of their retirement finances-is now common among older americans.
background : there is increasing need for rehabilitation in both cancer and palliative care.
however , there are few validated outcome measures that are suitable for measuring functional performance in this population.
the present study evaluated the validity , sensitivity and reliability of the edmonton functional assessment tool ( efat2 ) within a uk palliative care setting.
concurrent validity was assessed by comparing efat2 with the barthel index.
inter-rater reliability of efat2 was examined using a sample of four participants recruited from a cancer care ward.
high inter-rater reliability was noted for efat2 ( icc3 , @number@ = @number@ ) and the agreement between scores was confirmed by bland-altman analysis.
conclusions : efat2 showed concurrent validity with the barthel index when used to assess the effects of rehabilitation on participants with advanced cancer.
the tool was sensitive to change and was found to be reliable when used by different raters.
the findings indicate that efat2 might be an appropriate outcome measure to use within the palliative care setting.
however , the feasibility of using efat2 needs to be explored and larger studies are required to confirm its reliability.
summary : previous studies on the association between uric acid and bone mineral density yielded conflicting results.
in this study , we demonstrated positive association between uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal japanese women.
further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
introduction : oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
uric acid , a potent antioxidant substance , has been associated with bone mineral density but previous studies have yielded conflicting results.
the objective of the study was to examine the association between serum uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
results : mean serum uric acid level was @number@ mg / dl.
uric acid rapidly increased until the age of @number@ years , and then decelerated but continued to increase thereafter.
the association between lumbar spine bmd and uric acid remained significantly positive after excluding women older than @number@ years.
conclusion : the present study showed that higher uric acid levels were linearly associated with higher lumbar spine bmd in peri- and postmenopausal japanese women.
further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the association between uric acid and bmd.
epigenetics is an emerging field in ophthalmology and has opened a new avenue for understanding ocular development and ocular diseases related to aging and environment.
accumulating evidence suggests a potential link between gene expression , chromatin structure , non-coding rnas , and cellular differentiation during ocular development.
disruption of the balance of epigenetic networks could become the etiology of several ocular diseases.
here , we summarized the current knowledge about epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in ocular development and diseases.
purpose : to assess the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) with health functioning and disability in vietnam-era veterans.
methods : a cross-sectional study of functioning and disability in male vietnam-era veteran twins.
all data collection took place between @number@ and @number@
results : average age of the @number@ participating veterans ( @number@ vietnam theater and @number@ non-theater ) was @number@ years.
within-pair analyses in twins discordant for ptsd produced consistent findings.
conclusions : vietnam-era veterans with ptsd have diminished functioning and increased disability.
the poor functional status of aging combat-exposed veterans is of particular concern.
purposes : colonoscopic evidence of epidemiological trends in diverticulosis and diverticular bleeding is scarce.
we evaluated trends in diverticular disease and associated factors over @number@ years.
methods : twenty-eight thousand one hundred ninety-two patients who underwent colonoscopy at an emergency hospital were reviewed from an electronic endoscopy database.
diverticular bleeding was found in @number@ ( @number@ % ; mean age , @number@ years ) and was predominantly bilateral ( @number@ % ) .
diverticulosis , right and bilateral type , and diverticular bleeding were independently associated with the 9-year trend after adjustment by age and sex.
conclusions : colonic diverticulosis and diverticular bleeding are prevalent and increasing in japan.
given the significant association of age with this trend , both diseases can be expected to increase for decades to come.
background : resources to help the older aged ( ≥65 year olds ) manage their medicines should probably target those in greatest need.
the older-aged have many different types of living circumstances.
however , there has been limited attention to whether these living circumstances affect adherence to medicines in the ≥65 year olds.
methods : a literature search of medline , cinahl and the internet ( google ) was undertaken.
there are no comparative studies of adherence to medicines in the older-aged living in indigenous communities compared to other communities.
there is conflicting evidence as to whether living alone , being unmarried , or having a low income / worth is associated with nonadherence.
conclusions : the ≥65 year olds living in rural communities may need extra help with adherence to medicines for osteoporosis.
the ≥65 year olds living in rental or leasehold retirement villages may require extra assistance / resources to adhere to their medicines.
the important roles of p21 in the interphase of the cell cycle have been intensively investigated.
the function of p21 in mitosis has been proposed but not systematically studied.
we show here that p21 is abundant in mitosis and binds to and inhibits the activity of cdk1 / cyclin b1.
deficiency of p21 prolongs the duration of mitosis by extending metaphase , anaphase and cytokinesis.
the activity of aurora b is reduced and the localization of aurora b on the central spindle is disturbed in anaphase cells without p21.
moreover , hct116 p21- / - , hela and saos-2 cells depleted of p21 encounter problems in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
gently inhibiting the mitotic cdk1 or add-back of p21 rescues segregation defect in hct116 p21- / - cells.
as populations continue to grow older , efforts to support the process of aging well are important goals.
various synonyms are used to cover aging well , such as active aging.
media are to report to the public topics of importance to them.
background : chronic knee pain is still considered a fairly benign disease by many , an ' unavoidable ' consequence of ageing.
this passive acceptance may be unnecessarily exposing older people to disability and serious co-morbidity.
conclusion : prevention of chronic knee pain may reduce a considerable burden of mobility disability and increased risk of serious co-morbidity among older men.
it has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer.
however , the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability.
hs-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner.
flow cytometric analysis revealed that hs-1793 induced g2 / m arrest in the cell cycle progression in both types of cells.
of note , hs-1793 induced p53 / p21waf1 / cip1-dependent apoptosis in mcf-7 cells , whereas it exhibited p53-independent apoptosis in mda-mb-231 cells.
furthermore , hs-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects compared to resveratrol in mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 cells.
thus , these findings suggest that hs-1793 has potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer.
purpose of review : to underscore recent clinical studies , which evaluate the association between dietary protein and bone health.
recent findings : epidemiologic studies show greater protein intake to be beneficial to bone health in adults.
in addition , randomized controlled trials show that protein's positive effect on bone health is augmented by increased calcium intake.
the relation between dietary protein and fracture risk is unclear.
summary : the positive effects of protein intake on bone health may only be beneficial under conditions of adequate calcium intake.
dietary protein's relation with fracture risk requires further investigation.
recent findings : caloric restriction is a research priority for the us national institute on aging.
however , little is known regarding health effects in humans.
some caloric restriction-related outcomes , such as cause-specific mortality and lifespan , are not practical for human clinical trials.
therefore , epidemiological data on older okinawans , who experienced a caloric restriction-like diet for close to half their lives , are of special interest.
more research is needed on health consequences of caloric restriction and foods with caloric restriction-mimetic properties to identify possible nutritional interventions for healthy aging.
planning defined as the predetermination of a sequence of actions towards some goal is crucial for complex problem solving.
to shed light on the evolution of executive functions , we investigated the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of planning.
once a backwater in medical sciences , aging research has emerged and now threatens to take the forefront.
this dramatic change of stature is driven from @number@ major events.
first and foremost , the world is rapidly getting old.
given current trends of sharply increasing chronic disease incidence , economic disaster from the impending silver tsunami may be ahead.
current studies suggest that this conservation may extend to humans.
the potential now exists to delay human aging , whether it is through known classes of small molecules or a plethora of emerging ones.
but how can a drug that slows aging become approved and make it to market when aging is not defined as a disease.
here , we discuss the strategies to translate discoveries from aging research into drugs.
will aging research lead to novel therapies toward chronic disease , prevention of disease or be targeted directly at extending lifespan ?
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is the most common chronic condition and principal cause of disability among older adults.
the current obesity epidemic has contributed to this high prevalence rate.
fortunately both oa symptoms and obesity can be ameliorated through lifestyle modifications.
the fit and strong ! education sessions focus on using pa to manage oa ; whereas fit and strong !
plus addresses pa and weight loss management strategies.
maintenance of behavior change is reinforced in both groups during months 3-24 through telephone calls and mailed newsletters.
outcomes are assessed at baseline , and @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
primary outcomes are dietary change at @number@ months followed by weight loss at @number@ months that is maintained at @number@ months.
secondary outcomes assess pa , physical performance , and anxiety / depression.
background : the incidence of critical limb ischemia increases with the aging of the population.
two-thirds of patients with critical limb ischemia present with trophic disorders.
revascularization decreases the rate of amputation.
infected wounds with exposure of the tendons , bones , or points of articulation cannot heal in spite of bridging and local debridement.
the objective of this work was to analyze the anatomic feasibility of an epiploic bf and to determine its limits.
a first clinical application was carried out.
results : according to the data , our study confirms the anatomic feasibility of a bf.
the average available length of gea is @number@ mm ( range : 210-280 mm ) .
the average proximal diameter is @number@ mm , and the distal diameter is @number@ mm.
the most distal epiploic branch that feeds the bypass is approximately @number@ mm ( range : 161-195 mm ) of the origin of the gea.
conclusions : epiploic bf is a surgical technique that allows for distal revascularization and a simultaneous cover of the limb extremity.
this technique can be useful in patients requiring a distal revascularization associated with a cutaneous cover.
globoid cell leukodystrophy is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the loss of galactocerebrosidase.
galactocerebrosidase loss leads to the accumulation of psychosine and subsequent oligodendrocyte cell death , demyelination , macrophage recruitment , and astroglial activation and proliferation.
to date , no studies have elucidated the mechanism of glial cell activation and cytokine and chemokine up-regulation and release.
tlr2 up-regulation on microglia / macrophages coincided with morphological changes consistent with activation at @number@ and @number@ weeks of age.
tlr2 up-regulation on activated microglia / macrophages resulted in astrocyte activation and marked up-regulation of cytokines / chemokines.
these reporter cells responded in vitro to medium conditioned by psychosine-treated oligodendrocytes , indicating the likelihood that oligodendrocytes release a tlr2 ligand during apoptosis.
improved approaches are needed to assess bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in contaminated soils.
performance of thin-film solid-phase extraction ( tf-spe ) using vials coated with ethylene vinyl acetate was compared to earthworm bioassay ( lumbricus terrestris ) .
a ddt and dieldrin contaminated soil was amended with four organic carbon materials to assess the change in bioavailability.
addition of organic carbon significantly lowered bioavailability for all compounds except for @number@'-ddt.
bioavailability of residues in soil was compared with a spiked soil aged for 90d in laboratory.
dieldrin and ddx were respectively @percent@ and @percent@ less bioavailable in contaminated soil relative to spiked soil despite > 40yr of aging.
results show that tf-spe can be useful in examining potential risks associated with contaminated soils and to test effectiveness of remediation efforts.
alterations in cerebrovascular structure and function may underlie the most common age-associated cognitive , psychiatric , and neurological conditions presented by older adults.
method : personal memoire in which the author conjures up powerful images of contrasting healthcare systems and the tension of living in two countries.
results : the author discusses many aspects of healthcare for the elderly.
some of the pictures depicted include the picture of a gradually declining memory of an alzheimer's disease patient and the challenges of elderly care.
practice implications : care for the elderly can be exhausting physically and emotionally ; system-wide changes and standards are important in minimizing its impact.
changes in cytoprotective signaling may influence cardiac aging , and underpin sensitization to ischemic insult and desensitization to ' anti-ischemic ' therapies.
hormesis ( exemplified in ischemic preconditioning ; ipc ) and expression of proteins influencing signaling / stress-resistance were also assessed in mice.
mouse hearts ( @number@ vs. 2-4 mo ) and human atrial tissue ( 75±2 vs. 55±2 yrs ) exhibited profound age-dependent reductions in i-r tolerance.
a similar pattern of change in protective efficacies was observed in human tissue.
differential changes in proteins governing caveolar and mitochondrial function may contribute to signal dysfunction and stress-intolerance.
r ( ω ) and xc ( ω ) values were standardized for stature ( h , m ) to obtain the classic bioelectrical values.
women's rsp and zsp values tended to drop , attributable to their declining proportion of fat mass.
a declining sexual dimorphism was also apparent.
this issue is addressed in the donepezil treatment of cognitive impairment and depression ( dotcode ) pilot clinical trial.
in phase @number@ dep-ci patients receive optimized antidepressant treatment for @number@ weeks.
in phase @number@ antidepressant treatment is continued with the addition of randomized , double-blind treatment with donepezil or placebo.
the total study duration for each patient is @number@ weeks ( @number@ months ) .
the primary outcome is conversion to a clinical diagnosis of dementia.
like memory t cell populations , innate immune cells may be increased in number but decreased in efficacy on a per-cell basis.
background : obesity is associated with incident hf , but it is paradoxically associated with better prognosis during chronic hf.
methods : we studied @number@ patients with acute decompensated hf from @number@ prospective observational cohorts followed-up across @number@ continents.
primary outcome was all-cause mortality.
cox proportional hazards models and net reclassification index described associations of bmi with all-cause mortality.
conclusions : a lower bmi is associated with age , disease severity , and a higher risk of death in acute decompensated hf.
goal-directed behavior is well-known to show declines in elderly individuals , possibly because of alterations in dopaminergic neural transmission.
the dopaminergic system is modulated by a number of other different factors.
latent t. gondii infection may be of relevance to goal-directed behavior as it alters dopaminergic neural transmission.
we examine goal-directed behavior in t. gondii igg positive and negative elderly subjects in auditory distraction paradigm.
we apply event-related potentials to examine which cognitive subprocesses are affected by latent t. gondii infection on a neurophysiological level.
we show that latent t. gondii infection compromises the management of auditory distraction in elderly by specifically delaying processes of attentional allocation and disengagement.
the results show that latent t. gondii infection is neglected but an important neurobiological modulator of cognitive functions in elderly individuals.
our approach involves expression of progerin , a truncated form of lamin a associated with premature aging.
we found that expression of progerin in ipsc-derived fibroblasts and neurons induces multiple aging-related markers and characteristics , including dopamine-specific phenotypes such as neuromelanin accumulation.
thus , our study suggests that progerin-induced aging can be used to reveal late-onset age-related disease features in hipsc-based disease models.
the immaturity of neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells ( hipscs ) presents difficulties for modeling late-onset neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson's disease.
now , miller et al.
( @number@ ) provide a strategy for inducing aging-related phenotypes in hipsc-derived neurons , enabling in vitro study of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
frontotemporal dementia was documented over a century ago.
the last decade , however , has seen substantial changes in our conceptions of this increasingly recognized disorder.
different clinical variants have been delineated , the most common of which is the behavioral variant ( bvftd ) .
updated diagnostic criteria have been established.
new histopathological findings and genetic etiologies have been discovered.
research continues to uncover molecular mechanisms by which abnormal proteins accumulate in degenerating brain tissue.
novel neuroimaging techniques suggest that functional networks are diminished in bvftd that might be relevant to empathy and social behavior.
despite rapid advances in our understanding of bvftd , the disease is still under-recognized and commonly misdiagnosed.
the result is inappropriate patient care.
recognizing the various presentations of bvftd and its histological and genetic subtypes might further diagnosis , treatment , and research.
reversible posttranslational modifications are emerging as critical regulators of mitochondrial proteins and metabolism.
here , we use a label-free quantitative proteomic approach to characterize the lysine succinylome in liver mitochondria and its regulation by the desuccinylase sirt5.
loss of sirt5 leads to accumulation of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate production in vivo.
finally , mutation of hypersuccinylated residues k83 and k310 on hmgcs2 to glutamic acid strongly inhibits enzymatic activity.
a number of factors predict back pain presence in epidemiological studies , and these are often present , and predictive , at different life stages.
there are also factors present at particular life stages , such as childhood or adolescence , which predict back pain in adulthood.
however , there are little published data on long-term pain patterns or predictors over the life course.
such studies could improve our understanding of the development and fluctuations in back pain , and therefore influence treatment approaches.
design : evaluation performed at baseline , and @number@ and @number@ months postrandomization as part of a longitudinal trial.
results : at baseline , the ptsd group had higher frequencies of comorbid depression and anxiety disorders and worse mhqol than the other groups.
sarcopenia is a notable and debilitating age-associated condition.
flavonoids are known for their healthy effects and limited toxicity.
we examined changes in protein levels of molecular modulators of growth and differentiation in young vs. old , human and mouse skeletal muscle.
in humans , myostatin and β-galactosidase increase with aging while follistatin , myod and myogenin decrease.
treatment for @number@ days with ( - ) -epicatechin increases hand grip strength and the ratio of plasma follistatin / myostatin.
this flavanol warrants its comprehensive evaluation for the treatment of sarcopenia.
purpose : quantifying the extent of conjunctival fibrosis for documentation of progression in conjunctival scarring disease is a clinical challenge.
measurement of forniceal foreshortening facilitates monitoring of these disorders.
design : epidemiologic , cross-sectional study.
data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and presented as means with @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) .
main outcome measures : mean lower and upper fds and ficd for the entire cohort , stratified according to age decade and sex.
conclusions : this is the first study to define the limits of normal upper fd and ficds in any population group.
our study demonstrates sex variations and progressive conjunctival shrinkage with age.
this article describes the two-process model of sleep regulation.
these two processes are partially independent but influence each other , as shown in the two-sleep-process auto-regulation model.
then , electrophysiological recordings permitted the classification of sleep stages according to the observed eeg patterns.
the course of a night's sleep is reported on a \ "hypnogram \ ".
slow waves become more numerous in stage n3.
every 90minutes rem sleep recurs , with muscle atonia and rapid eye movements.
parkinson disease ( pd ) is common in long term care ( ltc ) facilities.
only a few studies have investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with pd in ltc facilities.
even fewer studies have addressed the treatment strategies used to support these institutionalized patients , who are mostly in advanced stages of the disease.
the available evidence suggests that current management of patients with pd in ltc facilities is less than optimal.
in this review , we describe the epidemiology , clinical characteristics , and clinical management of patients with pd in ltc settings.
we also address potentially modifiable elements of care and provide several recommendations to improve the management of pd in these facilities.
we conclude by suggesting a possible guide for future research in this area.
objective : this study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between physical frailty at baseline and depressive symptoms at baseline and at follow-up.
design : four-year prospective study.
setting : communities in the south east region of singapore.
participants : we analyzed data of @number@ older chinese adults aged @number@ and above in the singapore longitudinal aging study-i.
results : the mean age of the population was @number@ ( standard deviation @number@ ) .
conclusion : these data support a significant role of frailty as a predictor of depression in a relatively younger old chinese population.
further observational and interventional studies should explore short-term dynamic and bidirectional associations and the effects of frailty reversal on depression risk.
background : cancer survival is a key measure of the effectiveness of health-care systems.
major changes in cancer diagnosis , treatment , and rehabilitation occurred in the early 2000s.
eurocare-5 assesses their effect on cancer survival in @number@ european countries.
uniform quality control procedures were applied to all datasets.
for patients diagnosed @date@ , we calculated 5-year relative survival for @number@ cancers weighted by age and country.
findings : 5-year relative survival generally increased steadily over time for all european regions.
survival in eastern europe was generally low and below the european mean , particularly for cancers with good or intermediate prognosis.
survival was highest for northern , central , and southern europe.
survival usually decreased with age , although to different degrees depending on region and cancer type.
interpretation : the major advances in cancer management that occurred up to @number@ seem to have resulted in improved survival in europe.
variations in socioeconomic , lifestyle , and general health between populations might also have a role.
further studies are needed to fully interpret these findings and how to remedy disparities.
funding : italian ministry of health , european commission , compagnia di san paolo foundation , cariplo foundation.
the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of cardiac function on cbf.
cbf and cardiac output were measured in @number@ healthy subjects 50-75 years old using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
no effects of cardiac output or cardiac index on cbf or structural signs of brain ageing were observed.
fractional brain flow was also inversely correlated with cerebral white matter lesion grade , although this effect was not significant when adjusted for age.
frequency analysis of heart rate variability showed a gender-related inverse association of increased low-to-high-frequency power ratio with cbf and fractional brain flow.
the findings do not support a direct effect of cardiac function on cbf , but demonstrates gender-related differences in cardiac output distribution.
background : adverse loading conditions and cardiac injury lead to remodelling of the heart into different patterns of left ventricular ( lv ) geometry.
geometry can be classified into lv hypertrophy ( lvh ) , concentric remodelling ( cr ) or normal geometry ( ng ) .
the prognostic implications of the different geometric patterns have been extensively studied in middle-aged subjects , but data are scarcer for elderly populations.
methods : from a community-based random sample of 75-year-old men and women , subjects with normal lvef were selected ( n = @number@ ) .
median follow-up time was @number@ years.
results : prevalence of cr and lvh was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
hazard ratios ( hrs ) for cr were @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.54-1.58 ) for all-cause and @number@ ( @number@.48-2.65 ) for cardiovascular mortality.
hrs for lvh were @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) for all-cause and @number@ ( @number@.89-6.67 ) for cardiovascular mortality.
background : pulmonary abnormalities are often present in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
results : chronic cough and expectoration ( @percent@ ) and breathlessness during exercise ( @percent@ ) were commonly reported.
most of these abnormalities had not been diagnosed or treated previously.
conclusions : despite haart , pulmonary structural and functional abnormalities are frequent in hiv-positive patients.
they are probably attributable to both environmental ( smoking and tuberculosis ) and hiv-related factors.
most of these abnormalities remain unnoticed and untreated.
background and purpose : white matter hyperintensities ( wmhs ) and brain atrophy frequently coexist in older people.
methods : this population-based study included @number@ participants ( age ≥60 years , @percent@ women ) free of dementia and stroke.
data on demographics , vrfs and apoe genotypes were collected through interviews , clinical examination and laboratory tests.
wmhs on magnetic resonance images were assessed using manual visual rating and automatic volumetric segmentation.
hippocampal and ventricular volumes were manually delineated , whereas total gray matter ( gm ) volume was measured by automatic segmentation.
data were analyzed with multivariate linear regression models.
this descriptive study examined the relationship between volunteer activities , depressive symptoms , and feelings of usefulness among older adults using path analysis.
survey data was collected via interview from residents of a continuing care retirement community.
neither feelings of usefulness nor volunteering were directly associated with depressive symptoms.
volunteering was directly associated with feelings of usefulness and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through total physical activity.
age , fear of falling , pain , physical activity , and physical resilience explained @percent@ of the variance in depressive symptoms.
engaging in volunteer work may be beneficial for increasing feelings of usefulness and indirectly improving depressive symptoms among older adults.
the social environment impacts the ability of older adults to interact successfully with their community and age-in-place.
focus groups were conducted at @number@ retirement communities.
analysis found common categories across focus groups that explain the phenomenon of lgbt senior housing.
acceptance is paramount for lgbt seniors and social networks expanded , contrary to socioemotional selectivity theory.
providers are encouraged to develop safe spaces for lgbt seniors.
porcine placental extract ( ppe ) , an oral supplement , was recently developed for this purpose.
methods : we first non-invasively measured wrinkle widths with a skin analyzer in a cross-section of @number@ healthy adult japanese women.
a retrospective comparison of wrinkle widths in @number@ climacteric women with climacteric symptoms with or without ppe treatment was also performed.
results : wrinkle widths below the eye in women ≥ @number@ years of age were significantly higher than in women 20-29 years of age.
conclusion : oral ppe treatment is a possible option for improving the appearance of fine wrinkles below the eye in climacteric women.
this is true for any age group , and sexuality is seen as an essential element of marriage for couples of advanced age.
in this article , the authors present the views of jewish law and thought regarding sexuality among older couples.
the authors illustrate this using @number@ case studies of couples who sought guidance in the area of sexuality.
strong evidence suggests that systemic inflammation and central adiposity contribute to and perpetuate metabolic syndrome.
our results suggest a putative correlation between the the rs144989913 snp and aging , both successful and unsuccessful , rather than age-related diseases.
because this snp is an insertion / deletion of @number@ bp , it might cause an alteration in ship2 expression.
it is noteworthy that ship2 has been demonstrated to be a potent negative regulator of insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity.
remembering complex events requires binding features within unified objects ( conjunctions ) and holding associations between objects ( relations ) .
recent studies suggest that the two functions dissociate in long-term memory ( ltm ) .
less is known about their functional organization in short-term memory ( stm ) .
the assessment involved a battery of standard neuropsychological tasks and stm binding tasks.
free recall of relations or conjunctions was assessed.
a second stm binding task used random polygons and non-primary colors instead ( experiment @number@ ) .
the neuropsychological assessment revealed impaired delayed memory in ae.
ae's pronounced relational stm binding deficits contrasted with his completely preserved conjunctive binding functions in both experiments @number@ and @number@
processing relations and conjunctions of very elementary nonspatial features in stm led to dissociating performances in ae.
these findings may inform current theories of memory decline such as those linked to cognitive aging.
stigmatization throughout the lifespan may have a causal influence on barriers to care , social isolation , and concomitant health disparities.
this quasi-experimental study included the analysis of pre- and posttest surveys completed by the service-provider attendees ( n = @number@ ) .
the analytic strategy included descriptive statistics , paired t tests , chi-square analyses , and repeated measures analyses of variance.
findings revealed statistically significant improvement in numerous aspects of providers ' knowledge , attitudes , and behavioral intentions subsequent to the training sessions.
this study concludes that mainstream elder-service provider training on lgbt aging issues results in positive change.
this study examines the association of sexual identity and gender among older clients with hiv at an aids service organization using the andersen model.
data confirm those aging with hiv exhibit high rates of age-associated illnesses @number@ to @number@ years before expected.
they have fragile social networks that cannot supply the informal supports needed.
this aging population will need to increasingly access community-based services.
sexual identity and gender were weak covariates of service utilization.
although heterosexual men used more services , utilization was largely predicted by service needs and the use of case management.
implications for service delivery and policy are discussed.
results reveal that almost one-third of midlife and older gay men and lesbians maintain some fear of openly disclosing their sexual orientation.
implications of the findings for enhancing resources to more fully support the @percent@ of caregivers that are caring for non-kin are discussed.
extensive research on the specific needs and concerns of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( lgbt ) older adults is lacking.
limited data suggests that older lgbt adults underutilize health and social services that are important in maintaining independence and quality of life.
this study explored the social care networks of this population using a mixed-methods approach.
data were obtained from @number@ lgbt older adults.
the average age was @number@ years , and @percent@ were men , @percent@ were women , and @percent@ were transgender or intersex.
one-third was black , and @percent@ were caucasian.
quantitative assessments found high levels of morbidity and friend-centered support networks.
need for and use of services was frequently reported.
content analysis revealed unmet needs for basic supports , including housing , economic supports , and help with entitlements.
limited opportunities for socialization were strongly expressed , particularly among older lesbians.
implications for senior programs and policies are discussed.
intracellular inclusions seen by the pathologist may have variable significance.
although they are excellent markers of proteolytic disorders , they can also be due to several other mechanisms.
some argue there are too few providers already ; others say our current supply-demand problems lie with efficiency.
but suppose both are correct ?
background : similarities between mice and humans lead to generation of many mouse models of human disease.
however , differences between the species often result in mice being unreliable as preclinical models for human disease.
one difference that might play a role in lowering the predictivity of mice models to human diseases is age.
despite the important role age plays in medicine , it is too often considered only casually when considering mouse models.
methods : we developed the mouse-age phenotype knowledgebase , which holds knowledge about age-related phenotypic patterns in mice.
the knowledgebase was extensively populated with literature-derived data using text mining techniques.
we then mapped between ages in humans and mice by comparing the age distribution pattern for @number@ diseases in both species.
results : the knowledgebase was populated with over @number@ instances generated by a text-mining pipeline.
the quality of the data was manually evaluated , and was found to be of high accuracy ( estimated precision > 86% ) .
furthermore , grouping together diseases that share similar age patterns in mice resulted in clusters that mirror actual biomedical knowledge.
using these data , we matched age distribution patterns in mice and in humans , allowing for age differences by shifting either of the patterns.
high correlation ( r ( @number@ ) > 0.5 ) was found for @number@ diseases.
based on these results we generated a mice-to-human age map which is publicly available.
these results present a further step made to bridging the gap between humans and mice in biomedical research.
in the first experiment ( sex identification ) adults were asked to categorise the voice as either male or female.
the resulting identification function exhibited a gradual slope from male to female voice categories.
background : mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been considered as ideal cells for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
however , aging and spontaneous differentiation of mscs during culture expansion dampen their effectiveness.
these diseases are common in the elderly and share some pathological features.
therefore , we hypothesized that mechanisms of vacuolar formation in rvs and gvd bodies are common despite their role in two differing pathologies.
we explored the components of rvs by immunohistochemistry , using antibodies for gvd markers.
methods : subjects included one ad case , eight cases of sporadic ibm , and three cases of dmrv.
we compared immunoreactivity and staining patterns for gvd markers.
furthermore , we performed double staining of each gvd marker with ptdp43 to verify the co-localization.
results : gvd markers , including lipid raft-associated proteins and tau kinases , were detected in rvs.
cdk5 , ck1δ and jnk were detected only on the rim.
in double staining experiments , all gvd markers colocalized with ptdp43 in rvs.
because sleep differs across phylogeny and ontogeny it is important to validate the use of zebrafish in elucidating the neural substrates of sleep.
here we describe the development of sleep and wake across the zebrafish lifespan and how it compares to humans.
regardless , the data reveal remarkable similarities in the ontogeny of sleep cycles in zebrafish and humans.
but among those older foreign-born who immigrated at middle and older ages , naturalized citizens report worse health compared with noncitizens.
moreover , this negative health selection into naturalization becomes stronger for those naturalizing after the @number@ welfare reform act.
social science should provide information on that progress , or its absence.
whether these trajectories change their shape , and how and why if they do , is important theoretically too.
a range of birth cohorts coexist in time , place , and social relationship.
each cohort , as it goes through adulthood , follows in aggregate a path left by older ones , reshaping that path as it goes.
the shapes of the trajectories , and the trends reshaping them , represent two inseparable aspects of the same phenomenon.
reprogramming of gene expression is fundamental for skeletal muscle adaptations in response to endurance exercise.
skeletal muscle samples were taken at baseline , @number@ h , @number@ h , and @number@ h postexercise from eight healthy , endurance-trained men.
rna was extracted from muscle.
differential gene expression was evaluated using illumina microarrays and validated with qpcr.
gene set enrichment analysis identified enriched molecular signatures chosen from the molecular signatures database.
these data provide comprehensive insights into the molecular pathways involved in acute stress , recovery , and adaptive muscular responses to endurance exercise.
the novel @number@ h postexercise transcriptome indicates substantial transcriptional activity potentially associated with the prolonged presence of leukocytes in the muscles.
this suggests that muscular recovery , from a transcriptional perspective , is incomplete @number@ h after endurance exercise involving muscle damage.
molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases converge at the interface of pathways impacting cellular stress , protein homeostasis and aging.
targeting the intrinsic capacities of neuroprotective proteins to restore neuronal function and / or attenuate degeneration represents a potential means toward therapeutic intervention.
moreover , through complementary behavioral analysis , torsina was able to restore normal neuronal function in mutant g85r sod1 animals.
furthermore , torsina targeted mutant sod1 for degradation via the proteasome , representing mechanistic insight on the activity that torsina has on aggregate-prone proteins.
polyphenols are a broad class of compounds.
some are ingested in substantial quantities from nutritional sources , more are produced by medicinal plants , and some of them are taken as drugs.
it is becoming clear , that a single polyphenol is impacting several cellular pathways.
thus , a network approach is becoming feasible , describing the interaction of a single polyphenol with cellular networks.
here we have selected icariin to draw a prototypic network of icariin activities.
it interacts with several relevant pathways , like pde , tgf-ß , mapk , ppar , nos , igf , sirtuin , and others.
such networks will be useful to future comparative studies of complex effects of polyphenols.
material and methods : between @date@ and @date@ @number@ patients underwent surgery for phpt.
patient data were collected from chart reviews and an electronically stored database.
groups were defined as patients aged @number@ years or older and patients younger than @number@ years.
outcome comparison included operation time , tumor size , pre- and postoperative serum levels of calcium and pth and length of stay in hospital.
results : parathyroidectomy alone was performed in @percent@ of patients.
in @percent@ partial or total thyroidectomy was conducted simultaneously.
more older patients had history of stroke and / or suffered from diabetes.
preoperative serum calcium and pth did not differ between groups , but older patients displayed higher postoperative serum calcium ( p = 0.01 ) .
no significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding duration of surgery , surgical success rates , postoperative complications and hospitalization time.
conclusions : even though older patients had more risk factors , our data suggest that there was no difference in surgical management and outcome.
decision for surgical management of phpt should be done regardless of age.
aims / hypothesis : muscle mitochondrial function can vary during fasting , but is lower during hyperinsulinaemia in insulin-resistant humans.
ageing and hyperlipidaemia may be the culprits , but the mechanisms remain unclear.
tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was measured with clamps combined with stable isotopes.
blinded randomisation was performed by the pharmacy ; all participants , researchers performing the measurements and those assessing study outcomes were blinded.
the main outcome measures were insulin sensitivity , oxidative capacity and oxidative stress.
results : insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity were ~31% and ~21% lower in the obese groups than in the lean group.
the obese participants also exhibited blunted substrate oxidation upon insulin stimulation.
no harmful treatment side effects occurred.
conclusions / interpretation : decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity can also occur independently of age in insulin-resistant young obese humans.
insulin resistance is present at the muscle mitochondrial level , and is not affected by reducing circulating nefas in type @number@ diabetes.
thus , impaired plasticity of mitochondrial function is an intrinsic phenomenon that probably occurs independently of lipotoxicity and reduced glucose uptake.
recent findings : the beneficial effects of dietary protein on muscle health in older adults continue to be refined.
summary : optimizing dietary protein intake to improve health requires a detailed consideration of topics including muscle protein anabolism , appetite control and satiety.
purpose of review : aging is associated with a decline in cognition.
this review examines the available data on the effects of nutrition on cognitive impairment.
it also explores the mechanism ( s ) by which food may enhance memory.
recent findings : an increasing body of evidence has supported the role of the mediterranean diet and extra-virgin olive oil in protecting cognition.
a number of nutritional formulations to improve deteriorating memory are being studied.
undernutrition is associated with cognitive decline.
hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia cause cognitive impairment.
summary : there are increasing data to support the role of nutrition in maintaining cognition.
experimental studies indicate a correlation between the relative thrombus age and the strength of the thrombus-covered wall.
results : a remarkably lower dissection energy was needed to dissect within the individual ilt layers and through the thicknesses of old thrombi.
with increasing ilt age the dissection energy of the underlying intima-media composite continuously decreased and the anisotropic dissection properties for that composite vanished.
the quantified dissection properties were rate dependent for both tissue types ( ilt and wall ) .
histology showed that single fibrin fibers or smaller protein clots within the ilt generate smooth dissected surfaces during the peeling.
vascular endothelial growth factor a ( vegf ) , a key factor in angiogenesis , plays an essential role in skeletal development and postnatal homeostasis.
vegf serves as a survival factor for chondrocytes and couples the resorption of cartilage with bone formation during endochondral ossification.
recently , it has also been found to regulate the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
surprisingly , this regulatory function of vegf is not based on paracrine signaling involving cell surface receptor activation.
in multivariate regression analyses , sua resulted to be significantly associated to hypertension and metabolic syndrome prevalence , and imt.
objective : to study the effect of three energy drinks on the color stability of nanofilled composite resins after different periods of aging time.
specimens from each material were tested after aging with red bull , bison and power horse energy drinks and distilled water as a control.
specimens were stored at 37°c in dark containers for @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
color was assessed in the cielab using a colorimeter before and after each storage period.
color differences δe ab and δb among specimens were measured.
mean values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance ( anova ) , with p < @number@ as significance level.
all specimens showed increase in color changes toward yellowness δb after a period of @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
the highest total color difference δe ab was found in the red bull group after @number@ days.
conclusion : energy drinks used in this study had staining effect on the tested composite resin materials.
the discoloration increased with aging time toward yellowness ; however , it was not perceptible in all test groups after @number@ days.
materials and methods : twenty specimens from each type of tested composite resin material were prepared.
color measurement was done using colorimeter based on the cie l a b color scale.
color differences δe ab , δb and δa among specimens immersed in distil water and staining coffee beverages were evaluated overtime.
mean values were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance ( anova ) , followed by tukey test with p < @number@ as significance level.
results : all tested composite resins showed increase color change after a period of @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
the color change δe ab , δb and δa exhibited by arabic coffee , in turkish coffee and nescafe except δa .
process-based cognitive trainings ( pcts ) and novelty interventions are two traditional approaches aiming to prevent cognitive decline and dementia.
however , both have their limitations.
pcts improve performance only in cognitive tests similar to the training tasks with inconsistent transfer effects on dissimilar tests.
we argue that this learning specificity is due to a low training task variability.
novelty interventions are characterized by a high task variability but do not target specific processing demands affected in aging and dementia.
to overcome the limitations of both approaches , we developed a process-based novelty intervention using a card and board game-based training approach.
here , we use highly variable tasks , which overlap in targeted processing demands ( \ "overlapping variability \ " framework ) .
another nontraditional training approach combines cognitively with physically challenging tasks to induce multimechanistic effects , which might even interact positively.
initial results of both synergistic approaches indicate their potential to enhance broad cognitive abilities and prevent dementia.
all of us are familiar with the negative impact of interference on achieving our task goals.
our results show not only on-task training improvements but also robust generalization of benefit to other cognitive control abilities.
how does neuroplasticity science inform us about optimal therapeutic program designs ?
by what strategies can we achieve the strongest and most complete rehabilitative corrections ?
these are questions that we have extensively explored in our efforts to establish new medical applications of neuroplasticity-based therapeutics.
in prenatal and early postnatal development , plasticity allows for the formation of organized nervous system circuitry and the establishment of functional networks.
we argue that the mechanisms of plasticity change over the lifespan with different slopes of change in different individuals.
these changes play a key role in the clinical phenotype of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease.
altered plasticity not only can trigger maladaptive cascades and can be the cause of deficits and disability but also offers opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
we examined the effects of aging and cognitive fatigue on working memory ( wm ) related brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
age-related differences were investigated in @number@ young and @number@ middle-aged male school teachers.
cognitive fatigue was induced by sustained performance on cognitively demanding tasks ( compared to a control condition ) .
these findings demonstrate age-related activation differences and differential effects of fatigue on activation in young and middle-aged adults.
in this study , we investigated how dats induces apoptosis in t24 human bladder cancer cells in vitro.
treatment of t24 cells with dats resulted in potent anti-proliferative activity.
additionally , some typical apoptotic characteristics , such as chromatin condensation and an increase in the population of sub-g1 hypodiploid cells , were observed.
dats also activated caspase-8 and @number@ the respective initiator caspases of the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
the increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization was correlated with activation of effector caspase-3 and cleavage of poly-adp-ribose polymerase , a vital substrate of activated caspase-3.
blockage of caspase activation through treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor consistently inhibited apoptosis and abrogated growth inhibition in dats-treated t24 cells.
it is crucial to investigate age-related body composition changes in geriatric medicine.
bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) is easy to perform , non-invasive , relatively inexpensive , and portable.
however , the accuracy of measurement by bia is questionable.
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) and bia were performed in both cohorts.
using multiple linear regression analysis , we drew a predictive equation for dxa-measured asm by bia resistance.
we validated this equation in the klosha.
the r ( @number@ ) of the estimated asm was @number@
this bia equation provides valid estimates of asm in older korean adults.
blocking mtor with rapamycin and first generation mtor inhibitors , called rapalogs , has shown promising reduction of hcc tumor growth in preclinical models.
the results of series of clinical trials using mtor inhibitors in hcc treatment will emerge in the near future.
background & aims : age-related physiological changes predispose even the healthy older adult to fluid and electrolyte abnormalities which can cause morbidity and mortality.
randomised controlled trials and large cohort studies were sought ; other studies were used when these were not available.
the bibliographies of extracted papers were also searched for relevant articles.
renal senescence , as well as physical and mental decline , increase this susceptibility.
older adults are also predisposed to water retention and related electrolyte abnormalities , exacerbated at times of physiological stress.
positive fluid balance has been shown to be an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
objective : to investigate the age differences in the risk of diabetes incidence according to body mass index ( bmi ) .
diabetes onset was identified by fasting and random plasma glucose level , hba1c or the medical treatment for diabetes by questionnaire.
results : during @number@ person-years of follow-up , @number@ subjects developed diabetes.
conclusions : the risk of diabetes incidence according to bmi is different among different age groups of japanese women.
obese is a strong risk factor for diabetes incidence among women of all ages , and especially among young adults.
the study aimed to explore associations between sexual function , demographic variables , health and menopausal status among middle-aged iranian women.
participants were @number@ iranian middle-aged women ( 40-65 years ) .
all women completed the female sexual function index and the brief profile of female sexual function.
advanced age , lower education , and socioeconomic status were significantly correlated with the lower scores on the female sexual function index.
sexual desire was decreased or absent in @percent@ of the postmenopausal respondents.
our findings appear that sexual function is associated with sociodemographic characteristics of iranian middle-aged women.
gender-sensitive counseling and medical services for aging iranian women can improve the quality of women's sexual lives.
endocrine-immune system interactions are the basis for predominance of autoimmune diseases in women with differences between the fertile and the postmenopausal periods.
the current study aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of operational definitions of sa.
the operational definitions utilized in the included studies identify between < 1% and > 90% of study participants as successfully aging.
conclusions : the heterogeneity of these results strongly suggests the multidimensionality of sa and the difficulty in categorizing usual versus successful aging.
although the majority of operationalizations reveal a biomedical focus , studies increasingly use psychosocial and lay components.
lack of consistency in the definition of sa is a fundamental weakness of sa research.
aberrant double-strand dna damage repair leads to genomic instability and reduced replicative lifespan of somatic cells.
we observed increased autophagy in wrn knockdown cells ; this was further increased by short-term rapamycin treatment.
mediating factors in this decision process may be caused by self-perceived poor work ability and / or health.
methods : longitudinal data from the next study was used.
a forced change of shift against the nurses ' will was significantly associated with a deteriorating work ability and health.
disregarding nurses ' preferences , however , bears the risk for further resource deterioration.
at baseline she reported only subtle difficulty driving and performed normally on cognitive tests , but already demonstrated atrophy in left visual association cortex.
with follow-up she developed insidiously progressive visuospatial and visuoperceptual deficits , correlating with progressive atrophy in bilateral visual areas.
amyloid pet was positive.
objective : to evaluate the effects of intraoral aging on surface properties of esthetic and conventional nickel-titanium ( niti ) archwires.
data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and by student's t-test.
results : after clinical use , surface roughness increased considerably.
the lowest levels of friction were observed with the as-received superelastic titanium memory wire on metallic brackets.
when tested on ceramic brackets , all the wires exhibited an increase in friction ( t-test ; p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : clinical use of the orthodontic wires increases their surface roughness and the level of friction.
the rate of beer aging is affected by storage conditions including largely time and temperature.
although bottled beer is commonly stored for up to @number@ year , sensorial damage of it is quite frequent.
therefore , a method for retrospective determination of temperature of stored beer was developed.
the method is based on the determination of selected carbonyl compounds called as \ "aging indicators \ " , which are formed during beer aging.
three approaches , including calculation from regression graph , multiple linear regression , and neural networks , were employed.
the ultimate uncertainty of the method ranged from @number@ to @number@ °c depending on the approach used.
furthermore , the assay was extended to include prediction of beer tendency to sensory aging from freshly bottled beer.
they were analysed and are discussed in this paper.
paradoxically , over the last @number@ years , the number of dentists in bulgaria increased by more than @percent@ from @number@ to @number@
the average age of dentists changed from @number@ years in @number@ to @number@ years in @number@
the number of group dental practices increased and the number of individual practices and group practices for specialized dental care and dental centres decreased.
conclusion : the growing number of elderly people who have retained their teeth suggests an increase in treatment needs.
however , the decline in their purchasing power limits the demand for oral health care services.
in order to meet this and other challenges bulgarian dentists have started changing their traditional solo-practice to group-practice.
the demand for topical products capable of preventing aging or delivering cosmetic improvement to the male skin is growing.
companies are marketing products that are labeled \ "for men. \ "
nevertheless , there is no consensus on which properties these products should possess.
cosmeceutical ingredients capable of reversing sun-induced alteration are of particular benefit for men.
adapting cosmetic treatment to male grooming routines increases compliance.
shaving presents an opportunity to deliver cosmeceuticals for men.
the marketing of skin care products for men is evolving and becoming seemingly complex ; further research is warranted.
bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune muco-cutaneous disorder involving particularly aged adults.
its incidence may be underestimated.
recent studies show the various clinical presentations that may delay diagnosis up to several years in absence of typical bullous presentation.
diagnosis such as skin adverse event or infection should be quickly eliminated and the autoimmunity confirmed with skin and blood immunology and pathology analysis.
any chronic pruritis or persisting blister in old people should lead to the diagnosis procedures of a bullous pemphigoid.
this study examined the effects of physical activity on working memory in older adults using both behavioral and neuroelectric measures.
the results indicated that older adults in the higher physical activity group exhibited shorter response times , independent of the working memory load.
enhanced p3 and n1 amplitudes and a decreased p3 latency were observed in the higher physical activity group.
studies have linked neurogenesis to the beneficial actions of specific antidepressants.
three weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion ( mcao ) , rats were treated with e2 for consecutive @number@ days.
we found that e2-treated rats had significantly improving ischemia-induced depression-like behaviors in the forced-swimming test and sucrose preference test , compared to vehicle-treated group.
our data suggest that focal cerebral ischemia can induce psd , and e2 can ameliorate psd.
in addition , newborn neurons in the hippocampus may play an important role in e2-mediated antidepressant like effect after ischemic stroke.
it already showed a good specificity and sensitivity in discriminating normal controls from probable alzheimer's disease patients.
verbal working memory , semantic knowledge and memory and word-finding ability are also involved in performing analogies.
conclusions : svat is a useful test to assess executive functions , working memory and to discriminate between cognitive deterioration and normal aging.
background : infections are frequent complications of hospitalization , particularly in the elderly.
results : the distribution of genotypes did not differ between elderly patients and control subjects.
conclusion : our data support a determinant role for interleukin-10 ( @number@ ) polymorphism in the development of nosocomial infections.
background : hematopoiesis is a paradigm for developmental processes , hierarchically organized , with stem cells at its origin.
hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) replenish progenitor and precursor cells of multiple lineages , which normally differentiate into short-lived mature circulating cells.
hematopoiesis has provided insight into the molecular basis of tissue homeostasis and malignancy.
malignant hematopoiesis , in particular acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) , results from impaired development or differentiation of hscs and progenitors.
co-overexpression of hox and tale genes , particularly the hoxa cluster and meis1 , is associated with aml.
clinically relevant models of aml are required to advance drug development for an aging patient cohort.
results : molecular analysis identified altered gene , microrna , and protein expression in hoxa9 / meis1 leukemic bone marrow compared to normal controls.
a candidate drug screen identified the c-met inhibitor su11274 for further analysis.
conclusions : the clonal hoxa9 / meis1 aml model is amenable to drug screening analysis.
seventy-nine older adults ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) wore an accelerometer at the lower back during two nonconsecutive weeks.
reliability was good to excellent when whole weeks were assessed.
for older adults , treadmill walking was accompanied by significantly more rapid response times and reductions in local- and mixed-switch costs.
participants ' level of physical activity did not influence cognitive test performance.
to define a normal range , @number@ active subjects were recruited with an age range of @number@ to @number@
four imus were attached to the subjects , one on each thigh and shank.
subjects were asked to walk @number@ m at their own self-selected speed.
the ranges of motion of thigh , shank , and knee in both swing and stance phase were calculated , in addition to stride duration.
thigh , shank , and knee range of movement in swing and stance were significantly different only in the > @number@ age group.
regressions of angle against age showed a cubic relationship.
stride duration showed a weak linear relationship with age , increasing by approximately @percent@ per year.
with rehabilitation , patients improved the values of strength , power , and the results of all functional tests.
both at baseline and postrehabilitation , functional status was more strongly related to power and υ ( opt ) than to strength.
future studies should assess the benefits and feasibility of power- and velocity-oriented training in patients with osteoarthritis.
a cross-sectional survey targeted @number@ people.
the response rate was @percent@ and @number@ respondents did not meet the inclusion criteria.
therefore , @number@ individuals were analyzed.
individuals engaging in exercise using body weight and lifestyle activity ( ≥ @number@ days / week ) were more likely to have knee pain.
engaging in exercise using equipment and body weight was associated with higher scores of general health.
this study examined the intensity of activity contributing to physical activity energy expenditure in older adults.
sedentary time and physical activity of light and moderate to vigorous ( mod / vig ) intensity was measured using an accelerometer.
the subjects were @number@ ± @number@ yrs ( mean ± sd ) of age and @percent@ female.
importance : solar uv irradiation causes photoaging , characterized by fragmentation and reduced production of type i collagen fibrils that provide strength to skin.
exposure to uv-b irradiation ( 280-320 nm ) causes these changes by inducing matrix metalloproteinase @number@ and suppressing type i collagen synthesis.
design , setting , and participants : in vivo biochemical analyses were conducted after uv-a1 irradiation of normal human skin at an academic referral center.
participants included @number@ healthy individuals without skin disease.
gene expression in skin samples was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
a single exposure to low-dose uv-a1 irradiation darkened skin slightly and did not alter matrix metalloproteinase @number@ or type i procollagen gene expression.
with repeated low-dose uv-a1 irradiation , skin darkened incrementally with each exposure.
repeated uv-a1 exposures did not suppress type i procollagen expression.
progressive skin darkening in response to repeated low-dose uv-a1 exposures in lightly pigmented individuals does not prevent uv-a1-induced collagenolytic changes.
therefore , for optimal protection against skin damage , sunscreen formulations should filter all uv wavelengths , including uv-a1 irradiation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly population.
while aβ production is accelerated in familial ad , increasing evidence indicates that impaired clearance of aβ is responsible for late-onset ad.
however , it is still unclear whether they are also involved in aβ clearance.
lrp1 is known to be an endocytic receptor for multiple ligands including aβ.
in vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that aβ clearance in brain interstitial fluid is impaired in neuronal lrp1 knock-out mice.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the leading cause of dementia and has no cure.
inhibition of rhoa , a rho gtpase family member , is proposed to curb aβ production.
here , we report that rock1 knockdown increased endogenous human aβ production , whereas rock2 knockdown decreased aβ levels.
immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that sr3677 alters bace1 endocytic distribution and promotes amyloid precursor protein ( app ) traffic to lysosomes.
these observations suggest that rock2 inhibition reduces aβ levels through independent mechanisms.
collectively , these findings highlight rock2 as a mechanism-based therapeutic target to combat aβ production in ad.
mitochondrial malfunction appears to be intimately associated with age and age-related complex disorders but the precise pathological relevance of such malfunction remains unclear.
mitochondrial , and more specifically bioenergetic , malfunction is commonly encountered in cancer , degenerative disorders and aging.
mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis , and some mitochondrial dna mutations may perturb crosstalk signaling.
here , we review what is known about the nuclear adaptive compensatory mechanisms induced in response to mitochondrial malfunction.
the implications for the development of genetic or pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial malfunction in complex disease are also explored.
however , the nature of the relationship among the very old ( > 75 years ) is unclear.
cross-sectional evidence suggests that elevated crp may even be protective in this age group.
this study examines these associations longitudinally.
however , as with prior analyses , this was only observed in those not carrying an apoe e4 allele.
future work on larger apoe e4 allele carrying samples is required to determine the nature of the association in this population.
here , we show evidence in support of that hypothesis.
pd5 animals also showed an upregulation of multiple inflammatory response genes and an activated nf-kb target pathway.
careful analysis of the interfollicular epidermis showed aberrant expression of the lamin b receptor ( lbr ) in the suprabasal layer.
suprabasal cells expressing lbr showed altered dna distribution , suggesting the induction of gene expression changes.
testosterone's promyogenic effects are mediated through upregulation of follistatin.
we show here that the administration of recombinant follistatin ( rfst ) increased muscle mass in mice , but had no effect on prostate mass.
accordingly , we administered testosterone with and without α-difluoromethylornithine ( dfmo ) , an odc1 inhibitor , to castrated mice.
dfmo selectively blocked testosterone's effects on prostate , but did not affect testosterone's anabolic effects on muscle.
co-administration of testosterone and odc1 inhibitor presents a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate-sparing anabolic therapy.
honey-based cosmetic products include lip ointments , cleansing milks , hydrating creams , after sun , tonic lotions , shampoos , and conditioners.
intermediate-moisture , dried , and chemically modified honeys are also used.
background : epidermal and fibroblast growth factor ( egf and fgf1 ) proteins play an important role in the regeneration and proliferation of skin cells.
egf and fgf1 have considerable potential as possible therapeutic or cosmetic agents for the treatment of skin damage including wrinkles.
objectives : using protein transduction domains ( ptd ) , we investigated whether ptd-egf and fgf1 transduced into skin cells and tissue.
transduced proteins showed protective effects in a uv-induced skin damage model as well as against skin wrinkles.
methods : transduced ptd-egf and fgf1 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.
the effects of ptd-egf and fgf1 were examined by wst assay , western blotting , immunohistochemistry , and skin wrinkle parameters.
results : the ptd-egf and fgf1 increased cell proliferation and collagen type @number@ alpha @number@ protein accumulation in skin tissue.
also , ptd-egf and fgf1 inhibited uv-induced skin damage.
furthermore , topical application of ptd-egf and fgf1 contained ampoules which were considered to improve the wrinkle parameters of human skin.
results : two hundred ninety-one patients underwent at least 1-6 injections of pmma microspheres into bilateral under eye area.
early complications were edema and ecchymosis.
late complications were identified in @number@ of @number@ patients who developed small granulomas.
all patients who developed granulomas had had a previous lower blepharoplasty ( p = @number@ ) .
a history of \ "sensitive skin \ " was approaching statistical significance ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : this study has shown that pmma microsphere injection is a safe subdermal technique in the correction of infraorbital rhytids.
safety was demonstrated in @number@ patients with only @number@ minor complications of small lateral granuloma which all resolved within @number@ weeks after intralesion triamcinolone injection.
caution in pmma microsphere injection should be given in the patient with prior blepharoplasty.
the advantage of pmma microsphere is that the result seems to be predictable and natural.
results : no ceiling or floor effects were identified.
the three dimensions showed good reliability and stability.
baseline values for social effects of skin appearance , health status , and self-esteem were significantly different between pm and nm volunteers.
values of these three dimensions were significantly improved after @number@ weeks of product application , and further improved after @number@ weeks.
background : forehead and glabella rhytides are treated mostly with neurotoxins , although some practitioners prefer the concurrent use of fillers.
it has been suggested that combination treatments can result in a better overall improvement.
methods : split-face , randomized control trial.
twenty subjects with forehead / glabellar rhytide complex ( static and dynamic creases ) enrolled.
subjects performed a self-evaluation at the end of the study.
adverse events were recorded.
combination treatment produced longer-lasting results in dynamic forehead wrinkles , and greater static and dynamic wrinkle reduction in the glabella at week @number@
subject self-evaluations showed that both treatments were effective , with a nominal preference for combination treatment.
conclusions : glabella and forehead lines can be effectively and safely reduced with neurotoxin alone as well as neurotoxin in combination with fillers.
combination treatment may provide a slightly better cumulative benefit and also increase the persistence of effect.
whether exogenous testosterone is proatherogenic remains controversial.
energy and protein intakes were standardized and no resistance training was allowed.
no significant linear associations were observed between testosterone dose and mcp-1 , sicam-1 , or hs-crp ( all p-trend > 0.20 ) .
in apparently healthy men , over a wide dose range , testosterone did not adversely affect atherogenic biomarkers.
long-term studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to determine whether testosterone supplementation affects atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular risk.
the challenges surrounding dementia are large and growing but are only part of broader social and health concerns.
in this latter context , the current state of research in the ad area is reviewed together with necessary priorities in moving forward.
eighteen participants ( 60-77 years ) were randomly assigned to two groups.
con failed to increase muscle size ( @percent@ , p = @number@ ) , but significantly improved its strength ( p < 0.05 ) .
the large total contraction time may be related to muscle hypertrophy and strength gain.
lst would be useful for preventing sarcopenia in older individuals.
no studies to date have investigated the potential link between dysfunctional mitochondrial atp production and low vitality.
these parameters estimate mitochondrial respiration , reactive oxygen species ( ros ) production , and deoxyribonucleotide ( dntp ) balance in pbmcs.
the population was drawn from the metropolit cohort of men born in @number@
vitality level was estimated from the medical outcomes study short form @number@ ( sf-36 ) vitality scale.
we found that vitality score had no association with any of the mitochondrial respiration parameters.
subjects included @number@ obese children ( 12·5 ± 2·9 years ) .
the programme consisted of a unique programme of physical activity and health education.
assessments included body mass index ( bmi ) , body composition and ability to perform sport activities.
paired t-tests were used to assess the effects of intervention , and chi square was used to assess interaction between measures.
findings suggest significant decrease in z-scores of bmi and an improvement in the ability to perform sport activities ( p < 0·05 ) .
the effectiveness of the programme has more impact on children than adolescents ( p < 0·05 ) .
improvements were greater in team versus net sports ( p < 0·05 ) .
the findings suggest that the intervention programme was of greater benefit for children than adolescents.
cleavage of amyloid precursor protein ( app ) by β- and γ-secretase generates amyloid-β ( aβ ) and app intracellular domain ( aicd ) peptides.
presenilin ( ps ) @number@ or @number@ is the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex.
we studied the effect of these ad-associated molecules on mitochondrial features.
these effects were associated with enhanced expression of the mitochondrial master transcriptional coactivator pgc-1α and its target genes.
importantly , ps1-fad mutations decreased ps1's ability to enhance pgc-1α mrna levels.
analyzing the effect of app and its γ-secretase-derived cleavage products aβ and aicd on pgc-1α expression showed that app and aicd increase pgc-1α expression.
in addition , knockdown of the aicd-binding partner fe65 reduced pgc-1α mrna levels.
importantly , app / aicd increases pgc-1α expression also in the mice brain.
structural equation modeling was used to estimate the effects of predictor variables on ict use and the effects of use on depressive symptoms and well-being.
tests of moderation by demographic characteristics and level of ict use were also performed.
results : socioeconomic status ( ses ) , age , and cognitive function accounted for approximately @percent@ of the variance in ict use.
ses was a stronger predictor for blacks / african americans , whereas cognitive function was a stronger predictor for whites.
ict use was unrelated to depressive symptoms or well-being.
a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with aging is well recognized , but remains poorly characterized at the molecular level.
we predominantly observed hypermethylation throughout the genome within the aged group as compared to the young subjects.
the intragenic methylation changes are overrepresented in genes that guide the formation of the junction of the motor neuron and myofibers.
we report a low level of correlation of gene expression from previous studies of aged muscle with our current analysis of dna methylation status.
we suggest that a minimal number of dmcpg sites or select sites are required to be altered in order to correlate with gene expression changes.
finally , we identified @number@ dmcpg sites that perform well in discriminating young from old samples.
our findings highlight epigenetic links between aging postmitotic skeletal muscle and dna methylation.
objectives : the current research explores how family caregivers ( @number@ ) make sense of caregiving and ( @number@ ) cope with their circumstance.
this enabled greater insight into caregivers ' perspective of caregiving complementing our use of interpretative phenomenological analysis ( ipa ) to analyse verbatim transcripts.
at times caregivers looked on the bright side and made downward comparisons.
differences in sense making were based on the context of the caregiving stressor , which in turn influenced the variability in caregiver's coping techniques adopted.
the analysis detailed within this article provides evidence that information and service provision must be tailored to individual caregiver experiences.
however , only age at baseline uniquely predicted longitudinal changes in sdm , such that declines accelerated with greater age.
an analogous association with sdm did not hold for verbal ability.
the findings suggest that longitudinal declines in fluid cognition are associated with reduced spoken language comprehension.
unlike findings from memory for written prose , preserved verbal ability may not protect against developmental declines in memory for speech.
creatine supplementation is reported to improve muscular strength and performance with training in younger athletes , and therefore could benefit older individuals.
results : there is conflicting evidence regarding the usefulness of creatine supplementation in older subjects.
furthermore , it has been demonstrated that increased muscle mass due to creatine supplementation can result in increased local bone density.
it appears that the effect of creatine supplementation is more beneficial in larger muscles and less effective in smaller muscles , however there are exceptions.
whole-body cryotherapy ( wbc ) is a procedure which is more and more often successfully applied in medicine.
used in physiotherapy programs improves the efficiency of physiotherapeutic exercises applied in different aliments.
the aim of the research was to determine the influence of wbc treatment on the improvement of spine activity in elderly men.
the evaluation was based on subjects suffering from chronic lower back pain.
all the subjects performed physical exercises at a gym.
half of the examined patients performed only physical exercises while the second half of the group participated in wbc before performing the same exercises.
background : the population ≥65 years is rapidly increasing , but remarkably little is known about the natural history of abdominal pain with ageing.
this study identified all respondents who answered abdominal pain questions at an initial and follow-up survey.
the rates of increasing vs. decreasing abdominal pain score were @percent@ ( @number@ @number@ ) vs. @percent@ ( @number@ @number@ ) respectively.
conclusion : increasing age is associated with the disappearance of abdominal pain in the community.
the literature provides solid evidence that uv can induce considerable damage to structures of the eye.
as well as damaging the eyelids and periorbital skin , chronic uv exposure may also affect the conjunctiva and lens.
clinically , this damage can manifest as skin cancer and premature skin ageing as well as the development of pterygia and premature cortical cataracts.
modern eye protection , used daily , offers the opportunity to prevent these adverse sequelae of lifelong uv exposure.
a standardized , reliable and comprehensive label for consumers and professionals is currently lacking.
by @number@ it is predicted that @percent@ of the population will be aged @number@ and over.
although older people have much to contribute , one challenging aspect of an aging population is the increasing rate of dementia.
palliative care is now included as part of the care pathway of a wide variety of nonmalignant diseases.
archival issues can be accessed via the website : @url@ at which european health professionals can register online to receive copies of the quarterly publication.
objective : to understand and analyze the morphological characteristics of hyoid bone and its gender difference in order to find out its forensic significance.
methods : the hyoid bones of @number@ adult corpses were dissected from redundant soft tissues after heating.
the analytic equation for gender estimation ( y ) was y = @number@ x1 + @number@.042x2-12.979.
the discriminant value was @number@ @number@ and the resolution was @percent@.
conclusion : according to the gender characteristics of hyoid bone , the data of hyoid bone can provide helps for forensic practices.
here we examine whether the perceptual system is preferentially tuned to differences among young adult faces.
participants indicated which member of each pair was more normal and which was more expanded.
both age groups were more accurate when tested with young compared with older faces-but only when judging normality.
inversion impaired performance on the normality task but not the discrimination task and eliminated the young adult advantage in the normality task.
dna methylation , mitochondrial dna copy number and telomeres shortening are cellular modifications associated with an increasing number of tumors , cardiovascular and aging diseases.
in our studies these modifications were evaluated in subjects occupationally exposed to low levels of benzene and in the general population.
telomere length shortening in subjects exposed to traffic exhausts and an increase in mitochondrial dna copy number correlated to benzene exposure was also found.
dna methylation measured in specimen repeats collected at intervals of @number@ years decreased more markedly in exposed subjects than in controls.
our studies highlighted the association of epigenetic modifications of dna with low benzene exposure.
little is known about the economic socialization of children and adolescents and the role of parents in this process.
the authors ' purpose was to explore the role of parenting in the intergenerational transfer of economic orientation and economic behavior.
the authors also studied the relationships between these dispositions and the adolescents ' spending preferences and ability to control spending.
they used data collected from 14-16-year-olds ( n = @number@ ) and their parents ( n = @number@ ) in norway.
implications of the findings for economic socialization are discussed.
background : in taiwan , upper blepharoplasty has become one of the most commonly performed rejuvenation operations.
many surgeons have modified their approaches to managing the aging changes of the upper eyelids.
methods : eighty lids in @number@ patients were subjected to this surgery from @date@ to @date@ .
all patients had upper eyelid dermatochalasis with visual field limitation , and the functions of their levator palpabrae were all normal.
the primary indications of the procedure were upper lid dermatochalasis with lateral hooding.
these @number@ patients underwent infraeyebrow blepharoplasty incorporated with browpexy at taipei veteran general hospital.
results : the average patient age was @number@ years ( 36-73 years ) .
the average resection width was @number@ mm ( 8-15 mm ) .
the mean operative time was @number@ minutes.
the mean height of brow descending at the midpupil line was @number@ mm ( 0-4 mm ) .
the mean height of lateral brow descending was @number@ mm ( @number@ to @number@ mm ) .
the lateral brow was higher than the middle brow with a mean height of @number@ mm ( 0-4.2 mm ) .
all patients were satisfied with the results.
no complication related to sensory abnormalities and visible scars was observed.
here we evaluate sociodemographic predictors of tmd incidence in a community-based prospective cohort study of u.s. adults.
symptoms and pain-related disability in tmd cases are also described.
people aged @number@ to @number@ years with no history of tmd were enrolled at @number@ study sites when they completed questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics.
during the median @number@.8-year follow-up period , @number@ participants completed quarterly screening questionnaires.
those reporting symptoms were examined clinically and @number@ had first-onset tmd.
additional questionnaires asked about severity and impact of their symptoms.
univariate and multivariable cox regression models quantified associations between sociodemographic characteristics and tmd incidence.
first-onset tmd developed in @percent@ of participants per annum , typically producing mild to moderate levels of pain and disability in cases.
tmd incidence was positively associated with age , whereas females had only slightly greater incidence than males.
perspective : in this study of 18- to 44-year-olds , tmd developed at a higher rate than reported previously for similar age groups.
tmd incidence was positively associated with age but weakly associated with gender , thereby differing from demographic patterns of prevalence found in some cross-sectional studies.
experiences related to aging merit investigation as etiologic influences on development of tmd.
@number@ studies have been retrieved.
at last @number@ papers fulfilled the criteria.
predictive factors are the same and must be assessed with the same attention reserved to younger women.
conclusions : most of elderly patient are fit to undergo standard treatment and can get the same benefits of younger women.
nevertheless it is possible that some older women with early breast cancer can be spared too aggressive treatments.
geriatric assessment and co-morbidities can affect the prognosis modifying surveillance , life expectancy and compliance to therapies.
they can thus be useful to select the better treatment , either surgical or radio or hormone - or chemo-therapy.
background : benign prostatic hyperplasia is a frequent disease among elderly , and is responsible for considerable disability.
benign prostatic hyperplasia can be clinically significant due to lower urinary tract symptoms that take place because the gland is enlarged and obstructs urine flow.
moreover , perioperative and postoperative surgery complications as cardiovascular ones still occur.
the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate is controversial.
subsequently , further studies are necessary to clarify the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in old people.
the physiological outcome of injury-induced ca²⁺ inflow is , however , unknown.
unlike atp-dependent no liberation , the no response to injury is insensitive to btp-2 , which selectively blocks store-operated ca²⁺ inflow.
moreover , disruption of caveolar integrity prevents injury-elicited no signaling , but not the accompanying ca²⁺ response.
background.
objectives.
results.
some studies in humans indicate that lcpufa can increase bone formation , affect peak bone mass in adolescents , and reduce bone loss.
conclusions.
context : telomeres are specialized chromatin structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes , and telomere length plays a clear role in various diseases.
however , it is not known whether telomere length is related to polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) .
objective : we hypothesized that leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of pcos.
design : we used an established and validated quantitative pcr technique to measure the mean ltl in a large sample of pcos patients and controls.
the mean telomere length in the leukocytes of pcos patients was comparable to that of control individuals who were on average @number@ years older.
conclusion : we provide the first report that ltl is strongly associated with pcos.
accumulating evidence suggest that the pyridine nucleotide nad has far wider biological functions than its classical role in energy metabolism.
we demonstrate its utility in breast and prostate cancer cells.
this higher ratio reflects a distinct metabolic phenotype of prostate cancer cells consistent with previously reported alterations in the energy metabolism of these cells.
in this phenomenological study , @number@ community-dwelling older adults were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling at community locations.
data collection methods included two interviews and an observation.
recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of nrf2 protein is upregulated in several human malignancies and is associated with worse prognosis in these patients.
however , the pathological and clinical significance of nrf2 has remained largely unknown in breast cancer patients.
therefore , in this study , we immunolocalized nrf2 in @number@ breast carcinoma cases.
nrf2 immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the nucleus of the breast carcinoma cells and it was positive in @percent@ of the cases.
subsequent in vitro studies demonstrated that the expression of nrf2 significantly increased the proliferation activity of mcf7 and sk-br-3 breast carcinoma cells.
werner's syndrome ( ws ) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder , characterised by skin changes prematurely during adolescence.
the pregnancy became complicated due to oligohydramnios and therefore a caesarean section was carried out in order to preserve the fetus.
despite all implemented efforts , the patient died intraoperative as a result of cardiac arrest and its complications.
successfully , the newborn survived and it was further investigated to exclude this condition.
however , the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying this impairment are entirely unknown.
brain imaging analyses also revealed that changes in activity across the retention interval in the putamen and related brain regions were associated with sleep spindles.
this change in striatal activity was increased in young subjects , but reduced by comparison in older subjects.
background : three versions of perceived stress scale ( pss-14 , pss-10 , and pss-4 ) are among the most widely used measures of stress.
methods : seven hundred sixty-eight nondemented adults over the age of @number@ years completed the pss-14 questionnaire and other neuropsychological tests.
results : a two-factor model was the optimal fit for the 14-item and 10-item versions of pss.
for pss-14 , all items ' loadings exceeded @number@ for one of the two factors except item @number@
therefore , we studied a 13-item version of pss and 10-item and 4-item subsets representing pss-10 and pss-4.
internal consistency coefficients were satisfactory for the full scale of pss-13 and pss-10 but not for pss-4.
women reported higher levels of stress than men.
conclusions : the 13-item and 10-item versions of pss may be used to understand the experience of stress among older adults.
the changes of mrna and protein expressions of th and gap43 played a vital role in the process of maintaining the atrial fibrillation.
however , their antigen specificity especially in humans is largely unknown.
by contrast , in subjects with a. fumigatus allergies , specific th2 cells were strongly expanded despite the presence of specific treg.
as the us population ages , trauma systems face new challenges in addition to the long-standing problem of access.
patients ages sixty-five and older are more likely than younger patients to fall and suffer serious injury or death as a result.
collecting and analyzing data for improving care quality and undertaking research is a central aim of the partnership.
minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are being performed at increasing rates.
histopathological evaluation demonstrated a foreign body reaction resembling the reaction against semi-permanent or permanent fillers such as poly-l-lactic acid or polymethylmethacralate.
knowledge of the biochemical properties and life cycles of dermal fillers guided the decision to surgically excise the nodules , with cosmetically satisfactory results.
background : photoaging of the hands is common due to frequent exposure to environmental factors.
the treatment was administered to the hands twice daily over an 8-week period.
the severity of age spots , freckles , and hand skin discoloration were also assessed ; digital and ultraviolet photography of the hands was performed.
subject-reported assessments of treatment efficacy were evaluated using a questionnaire administered at week @number@
statistical significance was defined with an α set at p≤.05.
results : thirty-five subjects were enrolled with a mean age of @number@ years ; @number@ subjects completed the study.
the majority of subjects reported that they perceived improvements in each of the @number@ parameters associated with skin appearance.
no adverse events were reported.
conclusions : the appearance of age-related hand pigmentation characteristics were significantly improved at @number@ and @number@ weeks of treatment.
subjects reported post-treatment improvements in other characteristics associated with healthy skin.
objective : to determine the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxina for the treatment of platysmal bands.
the global aesthetic improvement scale ( gais ) and a novel questionnaire were used to assess subject treatment satisfaction.
adverse events were recorded.
results : twenty-five women ( mean age @number@ years ) were included in the study.
by the same definition , a high response rate ( @percent@ ) was maintained at maximum contraction at day @number@
subjects reported that , at day @number@ @percent@ of the maximal effect ( defined as the effect on day @number@ ) persisted.
subject-reported satisfaction was high , as indicated by the self-assessment on the gais and results from the subject satisfaction questionnaire.
treatment- related adverse events were mild and reversible.
investigator and subject assessments both indicated high levels of treatment satisfaction.
outside of skin cancer prevention efforts we have as a specialty primarily worked on the tertiary prevention realm.
i appeal to the house of dermatology to embrace this concept of generational dermatology as preventive medicine for the evolving aging patient.
the practice of generational dermatology will decrease patient morbidity and bring down the cost of healthcare.
our global increased longevity increases the number of elderly worldwide.
longer lifespan means dermatologic needs will increase as the skin must perform its basic function longer.
there are also new unknowns and skin issues which arise from large numbers of people in the 9th and 10th decades.
generational dermatology is well suited to be a model for prevention as our patient's age and we can intervene at any decade.
i believe the specialty will increasingly focus on how the skin can optimally perform for a longer period.
resveratrol is a botanical antioxidant with diverse biologic effects.
in this paper we will review the unique antioxidant activity of resveratrol including its effects on mitochondrial function.
the molecular signaling of resveratrol and cellular mechanisms that make this botanical active an important anti-aging ingredient for topical application will be discussed.
background : laser lipolysis is a less invasive approach to neck rejuvenation than open surgery or liposuction.
wavelengths utilized for lipolysis liquefy fat and induce collagen remodeling , which tightens skin.
methods : twenty-four subjects aged @number@ to @number@ years underwent laser lipolysis of the submental and anterior cervical areas.
adverse events were mild and transient with no incidence of burns , seromas , hematomas , infection , or nerve damage.
this device offers an alternative to selected individuals aged @number@ and over who do not wish to undergo rhytidectomy.
methods : ninety subjects were randomized into @number@ different groups , receiving 120-165 u , 166-205 u and 206-250 u , respectively.
whoqol- bref and satisfaction and self-assessment questionnaire ( ssq ) were completed by subjects up to @number@ months after treatment.
results : most of the subjects were women ( @percent@ ) .
for the physical domain in whoqol , a difference was observed between baseline and visit @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no difference between groups for mean grades regarding amount of wrinkles , beauty , harmony and symmetry.
however , there was a significant difference in the mean grades between visits.
patients ' opinions also showed an improvement in their self-image up to four months after treatment , according to the self-grading.
in addition , patients reported good satisfaction after a full-face approach.
objective : to evaluate the safety and efficacy of full-face treatments with various total doses of abobotulinum toxin a ( abo ) .
methods : a total of @number@ participants were enrolled.
subjects had at least two indications for bont-a treatments on each third of the face ( upper , middle and lower ) .
the most frequent adverse event ( excessive perioral weakness ) was related to high dose in the perioral area.
conclusions : this is the first study to compare safety and efficacy of different doses of abo administered to the entire face simultaneously.
as long as the recommended doses are used , concomitant injections of abo are safe and efficient , with no increase in adverse events.
its use has grown further since its fda approval in @number@ for long-lasting correction of moderate to severe wrinkles and folds.
it is a popular filler for volume restoration to the face , and also to nonfacial areas such as the dorsum of the hands.
the study methodology and number of study subjects are sufficiently robust to provide a high evidence level for much of the data.
results : caha has good safety , efficacy and tolerability profiles that are comparable to those of hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers.
it provides an initial , immediate volume replacement for up to @number@ months followed by longer term correction due to biostimulation , resulting in collagenesis.
evidence level ii studies show longevity of @number@ months or more after nasolabial fold implantation.
other studies demonstrate the appropriateness of caha filler for volume restoration to areas including the mid face , lower face and hands.
caha is classified as an adjustable filler , whereas ha is fully reversible by hyaluronidase digestion.
conclusion : caha filler is safe , efficacious and well-tolerated when used appropriately.
it is increasingly recognized that many patients require pan-facial volume restoration , and that many can benefit from combined treatments.
therefore , caha and ha fillers may be considered complementary rather than competitive to each other.
volume loss is considered to be one of the major contributors to facial aging.
therefore , the restoration of facial volume and contour changes has become an important treatment approach in aesthetic dermatology in recent years.
in @date@ the fda approved for the first time ever an injectable dermal filler for the augmentation of age-related volume loss.
the safety profile and efficacy of all three injectables has been intensively evaluated in innumerous clinical studies.
background : parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a late-life neurodegenerative disease.
genetic and environmental factors play an etiological role.
objectives : in @number@ and @number@ we demonstrated elevated blood harmane concentrations [ ha ] in essential tremor ( et ) cases.
we now assessed whether blood [ ha ] were elevated in parkinson's disease ( pd ) as well.
methods : blood [ ha ] were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.
subjects comprised @number@ pd cases and @number@ controls.
conclusions : blood harmane appears to be elevated in pd.
the finding needs to be reproduced in additional cohorts to assess its generalizability.
the higher concentration in familial pd suggests that the mechanism may involve genetic factors.
purpose of the study : hospital clinicians are overwhelmed with the volume of patients churning through the health care systems.
primary practice setting : four medical units at one urban , university medical center.
methodology and sample : a quasi-experimental study including a usual care and experimental phase with hospitalized english-speaking patients aged @number@ years and older.
the usual care phase included collection of the d2s2 information , but not sharing the information with case managers.
the experimental phase included data collection and then sharing the results with the case managers.
the tool supplies standardized information upon admission allowing more time to work with high-risk admissions.
objective : explore the needs and the degree of satisfaction of francophone seniors living in a minority socio-linguistic urban community in regards to aging-in-place.
method : an ethnographic case study was conducted in an urban community in the province of new brunswick between @date@ and @date@ .
results : francophone seniors explained their willingness to age-in-place ; however , the lack of services and support in the community makes aging-in-place difficult.
conclusion : aging-in-place for french-speaking seniors living in socio-linguistic minority communities requires concerted efforts from family members , the community and the government.
the ottawa charter of health clearly states housing as a prerequisite of health.
housing and social support are important determinants of health.
influenza is a major cause of death in the over 65s.
increased susceptibility to infection and reduced response to vaccination are due to immunosenscence in combination with medical history and lifestyle factors.
there is growing evidence that probiotics have immunomodulatory properties , which to some extent are strain-dependent , and are strongly influenced by ageing.
further research is critical in evaluating the potential use of probiotics in respiratory infections and vaccination in the ageing population.
unlike most other cell types , neurons preferentially metabolize glucose via the pentose phosphate pathway ( ppp ) to maintain their antioxidant status.
inhibiting the ppp in neuronal cell models causes cell death.
in rodents , inhibition of this pathway causes selective dopaminergic cell death leading to motor deficits resembling parkinsonism.
ad brains showed increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( nadph ) production in areas affected by disease.
in pd however , increased nadph production was only seen in the affected areas of late-stage cases.
importantly , there was no decrease in enzyme levels in the cortex , putamen , or cerebellum of ad.
our results suggest that down-regulation of ppp enzymes and a failure to increase antioxidant reserve is an early event in the pathogenesis of sporadic pd.
thus , the genetic link is not yet well substantiated that tardbp mutations can cause the full spectrum of the als-ftd continuum.
this finding demonstrates that a tardpb mutation can cause early-onset pure ftd without evidence for als even in advanced ftd disease stages.
also , reference values are provided.
a total of @number@ participants were recruited for this study.
of these , @number@ adults , @number@ years and older ( mean @number@ sd @number@ ) , were eligible for analysis.
study participants played all games three times with @number@ days in between sets.
face and content validity were based on expert opinion.
convergent validity ( cv ) was provided by comparing bam-cog scores to gold-standard paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted cognitive assessment.
divergent validity ( dv ) was measured by comparing bam-cog scores to the national adult reading test iq ( nart-iq ) estimate.
both cv and dv are expressed as spearman rho correlation coefficients.
results : three out of four games showed adequate results on afr , cv , and dv measures.
the games conveyer belt , sunshine , and papyrinth have afr iccs of @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
three out of four games have good psychometric characteristics to measure working memory , visuospatial short-term memory , and planning capacity.
methods : an age cross-sectional study was conducted in @number@ healthy adult women excluded from diseases and drugs affecting bone metabolism.
their age range was 20-80 years.
the serum concentrations of fsh , lh and estradiol ( e2 ) were measured with radioimmunoassay.
and bdr was measured with a dxa fan-beam bone densitometer at various skeletal regions including lumbar spine , left hip and left forearm.
after adjusting age and body mass index ( bmi ) , serum fsh still had markedly negative correlation with bdr at various skeletal regions.
however , the correlation coefficients became weak.
serum e2 seemed to be a positive determinant factor of skeletal regions and @number@.5%-5.4% changes in bdr were determined by e2.
the effects of serum fsh on bdr were approximately @date@ @number@ folds than those of serum e2.
conclusions : bdr is correlated with increased fsh in women.
the most critical factor for aging-related bdr is fsh in women while a decreased level of estrogen may be secondary.
method : younger and older adults completed a modified operation span task that varied the number of refreshing opportunities.
results : results for immediate and delayed recall indicated an age-related improvement for dated memoranda and no age difference for unknown memoranda.
all participants completed a self-report questionnaire in their preferred language.
greek-born widows displayed higher levels of mourning rituals , continuing bonds and religiosity than the british.
both groups perceived similarly high levels of familial social support.
greek widows also reported worse self-rated health , and increased symptoms of depression and loneliness compared to the british.
they had fairly extensive social and service supports focused primarily around family and the chinese community.
although norms of filial piety traditionally dictate sons as primary supports , daughters predominated as providers of supports to these widows.
interpreted from a life course perspective , financial supports were deemed sufficient , despite overall limited financial means.
emotional support was more nuanced and complex for these widows.
loneliness and feelings of social isolation were prevalent.
nevertheless , themes of acceptance and satisfaction dominated our findings , as did reciprocity and exchange.
older widowers are more likely to remarry than older widowed women.
however , relatively little is known about the attitudes of older widowers to new romantic relationships and remarriage or repartnering.
in this study of @number@ widowers , more than half spontaneously discussed their attitudes toward , and experiences of , these relationships.
however , none of the widowers had remarried and of those who described themselves as repartnered only one was cohabiting.
we examine these data in the light of lopata's concept of ' husband sanctification ' ( @number@ ) .
we identify four themes.
first , some widowers do sanctify their late wives.
second , we argue that wife sanctification contributes to widowers ' uncertainties about repartnering.
third , when widowers make decisions to repartner , wife sanctification does not appear to make an important contribution.
finally , there is evidence to suggest that wife sanctification influences how men refer to their new women friends.
thus , we conclude by arguing that wife sanctification influences widowers ' decisions surrounding remarriage / repartnering.
dating takes a harsher toll on parent-daughter compared to parent-son relationships.
overall , dating threatens parent-child relationships in specific cases , yet it may also strengthen widow ( er ) s ' parent-child bonds.
we discuss the implications for the well-being of older widow ( er ) s and adult children.
together the collaborating partners translated the research data and findings about growing older and ' widowhood ' into a high quality theatre production.
older people increase their well-being and contribute to the community when they volunteer.
therefore , policy-makers sometimes consider supporting older volunteers.
however , they reach different conclusions on whether they should introduce policies for older volunteers , and on what policy would be the most suitable.
this article studies how policies for older volunteers emerged in germany and italy , both countries having one of the oldest populations in the world.
it explores the political discourse on older volunteers , and how this discourse translates into policies.
to do this , the article presents data collected in expert interviews and document analysis.
findings show that german policy-makers stress the contribution of volunteering to older people's well-being and have introduced policies for older volunteers.
moreover , the policies are influenced by the policy-makers ' perceptions and path-dependencies , meaning policies and institutions that were introduced in the past.
unlabelled : social networks and improved health outcomes are strongly connected , yet many elders face isolation and loneliness.
the article posits a conceptual model of how this phenomenon of \ "aging better together intentionally \ " occurs and the resulting benefits.
questions : what happens when elders choose to live together in a community in which they consciously address aging collectively ?
is it possible to age better together intentionally ?
if so , what does it look like , under what circumstances does it blossom , and how does it improve the aging experience ?
methods : in-depth interviews were conducted with @number@ residents of an elder cohousing community in @number@
respondents were white , mostly female , and averaged @number@ years in age.
thematic analysis of interview transcripts led to a conceptual model of aging better together intentionally.
to further explore the model , quantitative survey data were collected from the residents three years later.
results : the framework of communal coping provided the mechanism of aging better together intentionally.
three episodes of good work are described to illustrate how social situations can be shaped.
strategies include such actions as timing events , regulating one's presence , and composing social groups.
the concluding section discusses some implications for nursing home management.
constructs of control have theoretically been equated to successful aging in the psychology literature.
hence , we used themes from lay definitions of successful aging to quantify the prevalence of primary and secondary control beliefs over time.
in doing so we hoped to shed new light upon the virtually uncharted area of older men's primary and secondary control beliefs over time.
counter to what had previously been theorized , many older men continued to emphasize primary control as important well into late life.
as expected , secondary control became more important with age.
knowing which types of control beliefs older men emphasize as they age has theoretical and practical implications.
theoretically , it sheds new light on the under-researched area of control beliefs in older men.
in this article we examine the key factors that facilitate physical activity in highly active community-dwelling older adults.
using a strengths based approach , we examined the factors that facilitated physical activity in our sample of highly active older adults.
twenty-seven older adults participated in face-to face interviews.
we extracted a sub-sample of @number@ highly active older adults to be included in the analyses.
findings provide insight into , and factors that facilitate older adults ' physical activity.
this research examines male endurance athletes ' experience of aging and / or reaching the perceived limits of physical performance.
however , in contrast , we found that maternal grandparents who experienced conflict in their relationship with their daughter were also at risk for estrangement.
this occurred even when grandparents had previously been highly involved in the lives of their grandchildren.
some estrangements appeared to result from a cultural bias towards the nuclear family form.
this paper explores the idea of the ' fourth age ' as a form of social imaginary.
the result can be seen as the emergence of a ' late modern ' social imaginary deemed as the fourth age.
resident involvement in residential care homes is a challenge due to shortcomings of consumerist and formal approaches such as resident councils.
the partner approach aims to involve residents through collective action to improve their community life and wellbeing.
residents developed actions ( gallery parties and a buddy project ) to strengthen social interactions and realized these with the help of volunteers and professionals.
we argue that it is a worthwhile enterprise to further develop structural partnership relations between residents , volunteers and staff in residential care homes.
the availability of family can be considered a protective factor for aging well.
in this article , we examine to what extent the family situation of older people creates vulnerability with respect to their quality of life.
to test our hypotheses we make use of the fourth wave of the european values study , and the multilinks social policy indicators database.
our vulnerability argument is partly supported by the findings.
partner resources are more important for the life satisfaction of older people with a low education and health problems.
similarly , having children only improves the life-satisfaction of lower educated older adults.
we have explored how older twins experience and describe themselves in relation to their co-twin.
the life stories of @number@ older twins were analyzed with narrative analysis.
results showed that the twins described themselves from the point of differences in relation to the co-twin.
to claim oneself as an individual was an ongoing identity work along the life course.
participation in valued activities is important for sustaining interest in life and has been associated with enhanced health and well-being.
this study examines the influences of physical and mental function on co-resident relationships in al and identifies the factors shaping the influence of functional status.
we present an analysis of qualitative data collected over a one-year period in two distinct al settings.
grounded theory methods guided our data collection and analysis.
families are increasingly dispersed across national borders.
americans in israel are one migrant group that represents the worldwide phenomenon of transnationalism.
grandparents separated geographically from their grandchildren develop new means of communication with them and new kinds of relationships.
the number of retired people in europe has increased significantly in recent decades.
in addition , new breakthroughs for the management of hormone-receptor-positive disease in the metastatic setting have recently been reported.
a significant inter-arm difference in systolic blood pressure ( iadsbp ) has recently been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes.
cf-pwv was significantly higher in patients with an iadsbp ≥10 mm hg ( @number@.3±1.9 vs @number@.2±2 , p = .002 ) .
significant iadsbp is associated with increased arterial stiffness in community-dwelling older adults.
aim : aging is affecting health care all over europe , but it is expected to have a much greater impact in eastern europe.
reliable data on various indicators of health of older adults in eastern europe are lacking.
data were collected by a mailed questionnaire and interviews.
measurements included self-rated health , the number of chronic conditions , the short form-20 , the eysenck personality questionnaire and social support.
results : romanian older adults rate their health as \ "fair \ ".
on average , they report three chronic conditions.
they more frequently have problems in executing daily activities as compared with older adults from other european countries.
three components of health are identified : independent functioning , suffering from chronic diseases and psychological health.
regression analysis shows that age , education and social support are related to each component , and neuroticism and extraversion to two components of health.
conclusions : a comparison with international data shows various indicators of health of older romanian adults to be relatively worse.
the three identified components of health offer opportunities for an integrated approach to deal with the health care needs of older citizens.
deamidation of glutamine ( q ) and asparagine ( n ) has been recognized as a marker of degradation and aging in ancient proteins.
despite this prevalence , hearing loss receives little attention in popular and political discourse , except in its connection to aging.
this research explored how and why hearing loss continues to be stigmatized through a study of media messages about hearing loss.
for most characters , hearing loss developed suddenly and was restored by the end of the episode , with only four characters using hearing aids.
hearing loss was depicted as comical , embarrassing , lonely , and threatening to one's work.
confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine its factorial structure , and its psychometric properties and criterion validity were examined.
results : confirmatory factor analysis supports a second-order model comprising one second-order factor and four first-order factors of rfs.
the cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from @number@ to @number@
conclusion : the brief rfs contains a second-order factorial structure.
its psychometric properties support it as a sound instrument for measuring reminiscence functions among chinese older adults.
several indicators are available to measure the frequency of cancers , the main being incidence and mortality indicators.
overall cancer mortality decreases both in the male and the female population.
these results show the importance of individual behavior on the risk of cancer.
background : foot and ankle ( fa ) exercise programs might reduce the risk of falling in older adults.
we sought to systematically review the current literature on fa exercise programs targeted at reducing the risk of falling in older adults.
results : eight publications met the inclusion criteria.
controversial results were reported for other functional measures.
effects varied depending on the type of intervention.
only one study reported improved ankle evertor strength and a significant reduction in falls.
conclusions : evidence suggests that fa exercise can improve certain fall risk-related motor outcomes and reduce falls.
limited effects on strength and functional ability might be related to insufficient training intensity and lack of adherence.
further studies that include progressive strength and flexibility training are necessary to validate which fa exercise programs are most effective at preventing falls.
footwear interventions , including shoe insoles and foot orthoses , have the capacity to enhance balance control and gait in older people.
of @number@ relevant articles screened , @number@ met the predefined inclusion criteria.
evidence shows a consistent trend toward footwear interventions markedly improving lateral stability measures , which are predictors of falls in the elderly.
in-depth investigation of neurophysiologic responses to footwear interventions is necessary to help confirm any sensorimotor adaptations.
the long-term effects of footwear interventions on balance , gait , and the prevention of falls in older people require further investigation.
background : falls are common in older people and are associated with substantial health-care costs.
a recent randomized controlled trial of a multifaceted podiatric medical intervention demonstrated a @percent@ reduction in the fall rate over @number@ months.
we evaluated the acceptability of and levels of satisfaction with this intervention in the older people who participated in the trial.
results : of @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) attended the 6-month follow-up assessment and completed the questionnaire.
most participants reported that they were somewhat or very satisfied with the footwear ( @percent@ ) and orthoses ( @percent@ ) provided.
conclusions : the multifaceted podiatric medical intervention used in this trial was generally perceived to be beneficial and demonstrated high levels of satisfaction among participants.
further research is now required to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the intervention in a range of clinical practice settings.
however , these guidelines do not specify which intervention activities might be performed.
widespread heritability of neuroanatomic traits was observed , suggesting that brain structure is under strong genetic control.
furthermore , our findings indicate that neuroimaging-based measurements of cerebral variability are sensitive to genetic mediation.
fundamental studies of genetic influence on the brain will help inform gene discovery initiatives in both clinical and normative samples.
peripheral neuropathy ( pn ) is a common neurological complication of hiv infection that has debilitating effects on quality of life.
this study investigated the prevalence and rfs for pn / spn in art-experienced patients enrolled in clinical salvage therapy studies.
rates of pn / spn at @number@ years since parent study entry were @number@ and @number@ % , respectively.
aging , taller height , protease inhibitor use , and female sex were significant rfs for pn / spn.
the use of statin drugs was significantly associated with lower odds of spn , and it may prevent progression from no spn to spn.
multiple-oscillator circadian mechanisms are likely to play a role in regulating human health and may contribute to the aging process.
in particular , we unravel novel putative mechanisms to link circadian clocks to healthy aging.
the aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor mobility-related fatigue and muscle strength decline in nonagenarians.
fatigue was assessed at baseline and defined as a subjective feeling of fatigue when transferring or walking indoors.
the outcome measure , maximum grip strength , was measured at each measurement point.
background and aims : the free radical theory of aging has been receiving a lot of attention in the past years.
methods : elderly subjects over @number@ years old were included in the study.
clinical data were collected based on the cumulative illness rating scale ( n = @number@ ) .
in addition , blood samples were collected to determine biochemical and oxidative stress.
results : the results showed that the mean age of the participants was @number@ ± @number@ years old.
in contrast , a lower plasma total antioxidant capacity presented a relation with the presence of diabetes and arterial hypertension.
in addition , healthy elderly subjects presented a higher plasma total antioxidant capacity.
introduction : the aging population is growing rapidly in asia resulting in an increased number of fragility fractures.
studies have shown that an integrated model of care for the elderly can improve the quality of patient care and outcomes.
patient and methods : an integrated care pathway model was implemented.
hip fracture patients ( > 60 years ) were included in our study and were followed up for @number@ year.
results : the mean age was @number@ years ( 62-108 ) with a female predominance ( @number@ % ) .
the mean cci was @number@
time to admission was @number@ h and mean time taken to be reviewed by an integrated care manager was @number@ h.
close to @number@ % of patients were operated within @number@ h with a median time to surgery of @number@ h.
mean length of stay was @number@ days with an inpatient and 1-year mortality rate of @number@ and @number@ % , respectively.
conclusion : our integrated model of care for hip fractures can lead to satisfactory outcomes.
besides a low complication and mortality rate , functional improvement was significant post-operatively.
choosing the correct daily care regimen for your patients ' specific skin condition does not have to become an overwhelming task.
determining which ingredients to include can form the foundation for the successful treatment of each of the most common skin conditions.
in turn , you and your patients will achieve quick and long-term success.
dementia in parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a serious health issue and a major concern for many patients.
recently , the movement disorder society ( mds ) proposed diagnostic criteria for mci in pd ( pd-mci ) .
these criteria need to be validated.
this study will also assist in identifying whether revisions of the pd-mci criteria are required.
background : postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade ( rnmb ) is associated with significant morbidity.
objective : the aim of this retrospective data analysis was to investigate the influence of the method of rnmb reversal on postoperative outcome.
setting : tertiary teaching hospital in western australia.
results : data from @number@ patients ( @number@ sugammadex , @number@ neostigmine and @number@ no-reversal ) were analysed.
no differences were found regarding other pacu incidents , length of pacu stay or hospital stay.
pulmonary outcome deteriorated significantly ( outcome score increased ) with age and american society of anesthesiologists ( asa ) physical status.
trial registration : australian new zealand clinical trials registry : actrn12612000087853.
background : primary progressive aphasia ( ppa ) is an untreatable neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts language functions.
previous studies have demonstrated transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) may improve language symptoms in patients with post stroke aphasia or neurodegenerative diseases.
each patient underwent @number@ minutes of individualized speech therapy with either atdcs or ptdcs during each treatment session.
the analysis of daily living language abilities improved selectively in atdcs group.
study design : systematic review and effectiveness analysis.
objectives : assess the effectiveness of anticonvulsants for the management of post spinal cord injury ( sci ) neuropathic pain.
setting : studies from multiple countries were included.
methods : cinahl , cochrane , embase and medline were searched up to @date@ .
quality assessment was conducted using the jadad and the downs and black tools.
effect sizes and odds ratios were calculated for primary and secondary outcome in the included studies.
large effect size ( @number@.873-3.362 ) for improvement of pain relief was found in @number@ of the @number@ studies examining the effectiveness of gabapentin.
pregabalin was shown to have a moderate to large effect ( @number@.695-3.805 ) on improving neuropathic pain post sci in @number@ studies.
conclusion : gabapentin and pregabalin are the two anticonvulsants which have been shown to have some benefit in reducing neuropathic pain.
purpose of review : with progressive age , the immune system and the propensity for abnormal immunity change fundamentally.
the process of immunosenescence is accelerated in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
recent findings : premature t-cell senescence occurs not only in ra , but also has been involved in morbidity and mortality of chronic hiv infection.
senescent cells acquire the ' senescence-associated secretory phenotype' , which promotes and sustains tissue inflammation.
molecular mechanisms underlying t-cell aging are beginning to be understood.
also , leakiness in repairing dna lesions and uncapped telomeres imposes genomic stress.
age-induced changes in the tissue microenvironment may alter the t-cell responses.
genetic programs involved in t-cell signaling and dna repair are of high interest in the search for underlying molecular defects.
the corresponding figures for the direct differences in the vm between women and men are @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
cases with higher female vm are rare exceptions and appear in particular in the highest age groups.
thus , public health programmes should be targeted toward these disadvantaged subpopulations among men which seem to be related primarily to socioeconomic characteristics.
the impact of the immunosenescence process varies amongst the different cellular subsets represented within the immune system.
emerging data suggest that progressive aging significantly affects frequencies , subset distribution and functional competence of regulatory t cells ( tregs ) .
conversely , age-dependent gain of treg activity would result in failing immunity , such as the rising risk of malignancies and infections amongst the elderly.
mechanisms of declining treg inducibility are not understood , but may provide an opportunity for targeted immunomodulation in the elderly.
despite the rapid aging of the world's population , many countries are experiencing difficulty in recruiting nurses to work with older people.
a literature review was conducted regarding the career preferences of undergraduate nursing students from seven different countries.
the literature review has identified that gerontological nursing does not feature highly as a career goal.
notably , this has been the situation for the past decade.
objective : to analyze perceptual-auditory and acoustic characteristics of children's voices of different age ranges.
patients and methods : ninety-three 3- to 10-year-old children grouped from @number@ to @number@ @number@ to @number@ and @number@ to @number@ years served as participants.
the severity of vocal deviation and the parameters of roughness , breathiness , strain , and instability were assessed using a visual analog scale.
there were significant differences between children aged 3-5 years and the other age ranges for f0 mean for sustained vowels and f0 variability.
conclusion : children aged 8-10 years had the highest severity of vocal deviation.
there was a significant reduction of phonation tension and measure of f0 , jitter , and shimmer after the age of @number@ years.
efficient coupling of cellular energy production to metabolic demand is crucial to maintain organismal homeostasis.
here , we report that the mitochondrial sirtuin sirt4 regulates mitochondrial atp homeostasis.
we find that sirt4 affects mitochondrial uncoupling via the adenine nucleotide translocator @number@ ( ant2 ) .
loss of sirt4 expression leads to decreased cellular atp levelsin vitro and in vivo while sirt4 overexpression is associated with increased atp levels.
this study highlights the ability of sirt4 to regulate atp levels via ant2 and a feedback loop involving ampk.
objective : facial exercises are a noninvasive alternative to medical approaches to facial rejuvenation.
logopedists could be involved in providing these exercises.
little research has been conducted , however , on the effectiveness of exercises for facial rejuvenation.
this study assessed the effectiveness of @number@ exercises purportedly reducing wrinkles and sagging of the facial skin.
in addition , the participants of the experimental group evaluated their own pictures.
results : only one significant difference was found between the control and experimental group.
in the experimental group , the picture after therapy of the upper lip was more frequently chosen to be the younger-looking one by the panel.
conclusion : it cannot be concluded that facial exercises are effective.
more systematic research is needed.
recently , we demonstrated that gene ablation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 markedly contributed to age-related vascular dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress.
vascular function was significantly impaired in 12-month-old gpx-1 ( - / - ) -mice as compared with age-matched controls.
oxidant formation , detected by 3-nitrotyrosine staining and dihydroethidine-based fluorescence microtopography , was increased in the aged gpx-1 ( - / - ) mice.
gpx-1 ablation increased adhesion of leukocytes to cultured endothelial cells and cd68 and f4 / 80 staining in cardiac tissue.
our results show that the reduced viability of @number@ cells by sulforaphane is due to mitotic arrest , but not the g2 phase.
however , blockage of caspase activation inhibited apoptosis and abrogated growth inhibition in sulforaphane-treated @number@ cells.
however , a ros scavenger , n-acetyl-l-cysteine , notably attenuated sulforaphane-mediated apoptosis as well as mitotic arrest.
overall , these results suggest that sulforaphane induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis of @number@ cells via a ros-dependent pathway.
in the context of plaque progression , platelet hyperactivity associated with hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of a pro-thrombotic state.
therefore , in this article we describe platelet hyperactivity by ages via rage-independent and rage-dependent pathways.
clock drawing is recommended by medical and transportation authorities as a screening test for unsafe drivers.
clock drawing was measured using four different scoring systems.
driving outcomes included global ratings of safety and the error rate on a standardized on-road test.
findings revealed that clock drawing was significantly correlated with the driving score on the road test for each of the scoring systems.
ethnopharmacological relevance : eucommia ulmoides oliv.
results : one-hundred twelve compounds of eucommia ulmoides , including the main active constituents , lignans and iridoids , have been isolated and identified.
conclusions : eucommia ulmoides has been used as a source of traditional medicine and as a beneficial health food.
further toxicity and clinical studies are warranted to establish more detailed data on crude extracts and pure compounds , enabling more convenient preparations for patients.
older adults have varied postural responses during induced and voluntary lateral stepping.
vertical ground reaction forces were measured using a forceplate , and the number and latency of postural adjustments were quantified.
subjects were assigned to groups based on their stepping strategy.
logistic regression was used to relate presence of a fall in the previous year with the number and latency of postural adjustments.
latencies of the initial postural adjustment and foot liftoff varied depending on the number of postural adjustments made.
a history of falls was associated a larger percentage of two postural adjustments , and a longer latency of foot liftoff.
the results point to an increasingly female and aging membership , which continues to be employed primarily in private practices and universities.
psychodynamic ( @percent@ ) , integrative ( @percent@ ) , and cognitive ( @percent@ ) orientations continue to prevail.
training and career satisfactions remain high as well.
older adults ' memories of events that occurred in adolescence and early adulthood are over-represented compared to other lifetime periods.
prior research on this reminiscence bump has focused on qualities of individual memories.
the present study used a novel interview method to examine the potential role played by mental representations of extended lifetime periods.
older adults provided oral life stories , and they divided their transcribed narratives into \ "chapters \ ".
participants ' ages at chapter beginnings and endings showed pronounced reminiscence bumps.
the results are consistent with the idea that personal episodes occurring near the boundaries of extended lifetime periods receive preferential processing that enhances long-term memory.
we describe a constrained prose recall task that attempts to lay the foundations for a test suitable for detecting alf sensitively and economically.
these are used to create four equivalent 20-item tests , three of which are used in the study.
the groups were approximately matched on immediate test ; both showed systematic forgetting which was particularly marked in the elderly.
we suggest that constrained prose recall has considerable potential for the study of long-term forgetting.
methods : data were collected within the lothian birth cohort @number@ and @number@ studies.
these are two narrow-age cohorts at age @number@ ( n = @number@ ) and @number@ ( n = @number@ ) years.
abi was analyzed as a dichotomous ( pad vs. no pad ) and a continuous measure.
pad was defined as having an abi less than @number@
measures of nonverbal reasoning , verbal declarative memory , verbal fluency , working memory , and processing speed were administered.
both samples were screened for dementia.
results : we observed no significant differences in cognitive performance between persons with or without pad.
interventions targeting pad in persons free of manifest cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease may reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia.
during the course of their lifespan , erythrocytes actively shed phospholipid-bound microvesicles ( mvs ) .
the lack of sensitive , standardized mv assays , however , poses a significant barrier to implementing mv analyses into clinical settings.
here , we report on a new nanotechnology platform capable of rapid and sensitive mv detection in packed red blood cell ( prbc ) units.
a filter-assisted microfluidic device was designed to enrich mvs directly from prbc units , and label them with target-specific magnetic nanoparticles.
when the developed platform was applied , mvs in stored blood units could also be monitored longitudinally.
our results showed that mv counts increase over time and , thus , could serve as an effective metric of blood aging.
furthermore , our studies found that mvs have the capacity to generate oxidative stress and consume nitric oxide.
by advancing our understanding of mv biology , we expect that the developed platform will lead to improved blood product quality and transfusion safety.
dna methylation is one of the most well-studied epigenetic alterations in mammals.
nevertheless , the scientific interest is now focusing on novel modified nucleotides with potential regulatory roles , such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.
we currently present and discuss novel bioanalytical strategies developed for the determination of various modified nucleotides in epigenetic studies.
the es csc model , histopathogenesis , histogenesis , pathogenesis , es mediated hematopoietic stem progenitor cells ( hspcs ) senescence are also discussed.
bone marrow-derived human mscs are permissive for ews-fli1 expression with transition to esft-like cellular phenotype.
esfts are genetically related to ncsc , permissive for ews-fli1 expression and susceptible to oncogene-induced immortalization.
primitive neuroectodermal features and msc origin of esfts provide a basis of immune targeting.
the micrornas profile of es cscs is shared by escs and cscs from divergent tumor types.
successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state allows creation of patient- and disease-specific scs.
the functional role of endogenous ews at stem cell level on both senescence and tumorigenesis is a link between cancer and aging.
the regulatory mechanisms of oncogenic activity of ews fusions could provide new prognostic biomarkers , therapeutic opportunities and tumor-specific anticancer agents against esfts.
in the present study , we investigated life span development of item-specific pi.
regarding global wm development , young adults had higher wm performance than children and older adults in both tasks.
regarding reaction time costs , children did not differ from adults in the recent-probes task and were less affected than adults in the n-back.
older adults showed more pi-related errors than young adults in both tasks.
these might concern differently developed underlying cognitive processes such as inhibition or recollection , or different responses to task demands across both tasks.
therefore , it is worthwhile investigating extensively the cardiac substrate in selected cases when the initial evaluation demonstrates its presence.
age-related changes in splice-forms of lmna , which encodes the nuclear lamina proteins lamin a / c , have not been investigated in skeletal muscle.
we therefore investigated the expression of progerin and lamin a / c in normal human and mouse skeletal muscles of different ages.
the significance of these findings in the pathophysiology of muscle ageing is uncertain and warrants further investigation.
the mean follow-up was @number@.6±2.4 years.
all-cause mortality according to obesity and age was determined using cox regression analysis , adjusted for related risk factors and previous cardiovascular events.
the prevalence of obesity increased with age , notably when defined by wc.
this relationship disappears in subjects > 65 years of age , suggesting a differential impact of visceral fat deposition according to age.
background and purpose : stroke is a medical emergency that can cause permanent neurological damage , complications , and disability.
carotid doppler , echocardiography , and thyroid functions were done for selected cases.
from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients were recorded to have stroke within 1-year , yielding an incidence rate of @number@.81 / 1 , 000.
ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke.
the prevalence of tias was @number@.15 / 1 , 000.
objectives : sleep interruption is often reported by women with hot flashes and night sweats ( or vasomotor symptoms , vms ) .
although women report that vms awaken them , polysomnography ( psg ) studies have not consistently supported this contention.
vms , serum estradiol , and at-home psgs ( two pretreatment , two posttreatment ) were measured before and after @number@ weeks on gnrha.
regression models were used to determine the effect of increasing vms frequency on awakenings and waso , as measured objectively and subjectively.
participants : twenty-nine healthy women ( mean @number@ y ) .
setting : academic medical center.
interventions : depot gnrha ( leuprolide @number@.75-mg ) .
results : serum estradiol was rapidly and uniformly suppressed on gnrha.
persistent vms were reported by @percent@ of women.
the number of nighttime vms correlated directly with the degree of sleep disturbance.
objectively recorded nighttime vms correlated with psg-measured waso ( rs = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : this menopause model demonstrates that nighttime vasomotor symptoms correlate with increased sleep fragmentation.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) -induced dna damage is repaired by the base excision repair pathway.
however , the effect of chromatin structure on ber protein recruitment to dna damage sites in living cells is poorly understood.
we found that dna glycosylases were efficiently recruited to dna damage in heterochromatin , as well as in euchromatin.
parp1 was recruited to dna damage within condensed chromatin more efficiently than in active chromatin.
in contrast , recruitment of fen1 was highly enriched at sites of dna damage within active chromatin in a pcna- and transcription activation-dependent manner.
these results indicate that oxidative dna damage is differentially processed within hetero or euchromatin.
background : the use of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults can lead to known adverse drug events , but long-term effects are less clear.
the primary predictor at baseline was pim use based on @number@ beers criteria.
we also assessed anticholinergic load using the anticholinergic cognitive burden scale.
outcomes included scores on a battery of six cognitive tests at follow-up and having one or more incident impairments in instrumental activities of daily living.
results : the mean ± sd age of women at baseline was @number@ ± @number@
more cautious selection of medications in older adults may reduce these potential risks.
the vertebrate retina is a well-characterized model for studying neurogenesis.
retinal neurons and glia are generated in a conserved order from a pool of mutlipotent progenitor cells.
in this review , we summarize the roles of these factors , together with the understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate eye development.
the information about the interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic factors for retinal cell fate specification is useful to regenerate specific retinal neurons from rpcs.
recent studies have identified rpcs in the retina , which may have important implications in health and disease.
despite the recent advances in stem cell biology , our understanding of many aspects of rpcs in the eye remains limited.
prcs are present in the developing eye of all vertebrates and remain active in lower vertebrates throughout life.
in mammals , however , prcs are quiescent and exhibit very little activity and thus have low capacity for retinal regeneration.
a number of different cellular sources of rpcs have been identified in the vertebrate retina.
purpose : aging is associated with an impairment of blood lipids.
the present study investigated the response of blood lipids to resistance exercise in old adults.
the particular aim was to investigate whether the response of blood lipids is associated with changes in body composition of blood lipid medication.
conclusions : tg , tc , ldl and hdl decreased significantly after @number@ weeks of progressive resistance exercise in old adults.
changes in body composition , i.e. , reduction in fat mass and gain in lean body mass improved the blood lipid profile.
use of blood lipid lowering drugs was associated with greater reductions in tc and ldl after the training.
background and aims : quality monitoring has great relevance in stroke care.
methods : a prospective observational study was performed in @number@ hospitals of @number@ italian regions.
adherence to @number@ process indicators was evaluated , comparing also stroke units ( su ) with conventional wards.
an overall score of care , defined as the sum of achieved indicators , was calculated.
a multilevel hierarchical model described performance at patient , hospital and regional level.
results : overall , @number@ consecutive stroke patients ( mean age , @number@ years ; @number@ % males ) were included.
total score ranged from @number@ to @number@ ( mean @number@ ± @number@ ) .
regional-hospital- and patient-level variability explained , respectively , @number@ @number@ and @number@ % of total score variance.
a negative change means a worse adjusted average adherence to process indicators.
su admission increased total score of @number@ ( @number@ % ci @number@.52-2.58 ) .
conclusions : our data confirm the need of quality monitoring in stroke care.
although su patients showed a better adherence to quality indicators , overall compliance was unsatisfactory.
as the population ages , end-of-life care ( eolc ) costs become an increasingly pressing subject.
advance directives ( ads ) are legal documents that allow individuals to convey their decisions about eolc.
although ads have been shown to reduce eolc costs , most people do not have ads.
to address this issue , we propose that congress instruct the centers for medicare and medicaid services to collect ads from medicare beneficiaries.
background : elderly polypharmacy patients may be more at risk of not adhering to medication.
if so , the underlying reasons may be more readily disclosed during private discussions with patients.
hence pharmaceutical care discussions at home might improve treatment adherence.
setting : pharmaceutical care discussed at home.
it involved patients aged 65 + years living in aarhus , denmark who used five drugs or more without assistance.
pharmacists visited the pharmaceuticalcare patients at home , once only , and followed them during the subsequent year with three telephone calls.
non-adherence was measured by a pill-count.
patients were categorised as non-adherent if their mean adherence rate for all drugs consumed was < 80 %.
the impact of pharmaceutical care on non-adherence and hospitalisation was analysed by @number@ × @number@ tables , and mortality by cox regression.
main outcome measure : medication adherence , hospitalisation and mortality.
results : the final analyses included @number@ patients ( median age @number@ years ; females @number@ % ) .
dropouts were more frequent for the pharmaceutical-care group than for controls.
pharmacists encountered drug-related problems amongst @number@ % of pharmaceutical-care patients.
background : medication adherence is a multifaceted issue that is influenced by various factors.
one factor may be the concurrent use of over-the-counter ( otc ) medicines.
the use of otc medicine has been reported as common amongst elderly patients.
objective : to determine if a correlation exists between the use of otc medicines and adherence to prescribed medications in elderly patients.
setting : non-institutionalised elderly patients in denmark.
methods : elderly unassisted patients aged ≥65 prescribed five or more prescription drugs were included in the study.
information on the use of concurrent otc medications ( herbal medicines , dietary supplements , or non-prescribed drugs ) was elicited during home visit interviews.
prescription drug adherence was determined by pill counts.
a patient was categorised as non-adherent if the me an adherence rate for all drugs consumed was \ \ 80 %.
different sensitivity analyses were made where adherence was defined different.
main outcome measure : medication adherence based on pill-count.
results : a total of @number@ participants included @number@ % who used otc medicines and @number@ % who did not adhere to their prescriptions.
sensitivity analyses where adherence was defined different show no relationship between adherence and use of otc medicine.
furthermore , separate analyses of herbal medicines , dietary supplements , or non-prescribed drugs did not correlate with adherence to prescriptions.
background : medication non-adherence is a major problem for elderly people.
multicompartment compliance aids ( mcas ) have been advocated as a solution for this problem.
objective : to assess the impact of using mcas in self-reported adherence and clinical biomarkers of elderly patients followed in a community pharmacy.
setting : one community pharmacy at sabugal ( portugal ) .
methods : a four-month prospective , non-randomised , controlled study was performed.
autonomous patients aged @number@ or more using @number@ or more medicines and under follow-up in the pharmacy were invited to participate.
all patients were offered to receive their medication in mcas prepared in the pharmacy.
patients refusing the mca were used as control.
the intervention consisted of providing @number@ weekly mcas during the monthly visit.
all patients received regular pharmacy counselling.
blood pressure ( bp ) , lipid profile and glycaemia were assessed at baseline and monthly for all the patients.
morisky self-reported scale was applied at baseline and at the end of the study.
bivariate analysis and generalized estimation equations ( gee ) were used.
main outcome measure : self-reported medication adherence , clinical biomarkers : bp , lipid profile , glycaemia.
results : @number@ patients between @number@ and @number@ years were under follow-up.
@number@ patients accepted the mca , constituting the intervention group.
no difference in the baseline biomarkers between both groups was found.
conclusion : mcas apparently improve several clinical biomarkers in a cohort of patients under pharmacist's follow-up.
not considering the time in follow-up may be overestimating the effect of mcas.
background : over three-quarters of the older population take medications that can potentially cause dry mouth.
physicians or pharmacists rarely inform patients about this adverse effect and its potentially severe damage to the teeth , mouth and general health.
results : the cps provided monographs for @percent@ of the medications , and requests to manufacturers produced the remaining monographs.
inducible micrornas ( mirnas ) perform critical regulatory roles in central nervous system ( cns ) development , aging , health , and disease.
these include mirna-9 , mirna-34a , mirna-125b , mirna-146a , and mirna-155.
of the inducible mirnas in this subfamily , mirna-125b is among the most abundant and significantly induced mirna species in human brain cells and tissues.
background : fear of recurrence ( for ) is a widespread problem among breast cancer survivors.
methods : analyses are based on data of several population-based cohorts of long-term breast cancer survivors , recruited by six german cancer registries.
overall , @number@ women were included in the analyses.
for was assessed using the short form of the fear of progression questionnaire.
overall , psychosocial and sociodemographic factors played a far bigger role in for than clinical factors.
higher for was associated with higher depression and lower qol.
conclusion : fear of recurrence ( mostly low levels ) is highly prevalent among long-term breast cancer survivors and can negatively affect qol and well-being.
therefore , it should be given appropriate consideration in research and clinical practice.
as specifically younger women tended to be impacted by for , it is crucial to be particularly attentive to specific needs of younger survivors.
purpose : there is a growing population of older people living alone within the context of dramatic population ageing and changing living arrangements.
however , little is known about the quality of life ( qol ) of older people living alone in mainland china.
this study aimed to investigate qol and its related factors among chinese older people who live alone.
methods : a stratified random cluster sample of @number@ community-dwelling older people living alone in shanghai completed a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews.
qol was measured using the older people's quality of life questionnaire.
results : older people living alone in mainland china rated social relationships and financial circumstances as sources of low satisfaction within their qol.
depression and previous occupation had an interaction effect upon qol.
conclusions : this study identified nine factors influencing the qol of older people living alone in mainland china.
the proliferation of gambling opportunities in canada , coupled with an aging population , has led to an increased prevalence of gambling among older adults.
encouraged by this trend , gambling industries have modified their activities to attract and market to this group.
yet , older adults are not a homogeneous group.
the life experiences , values , and attitudes shared by generations make a cohort-specific analysis of gambling among older adults a worthwhile pursuit.
preventative strategies to assist problem gambling seniors , along with recommendations for further research , are discussed.
the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) , particularly in the elderly , seems to be multifactorial.
this may be responsible for the development of detrusor overactivity progressing to detrusor underactivity and inability to empty the bladder.
the extent of bladder dysfunction in chronic bladder ischemia may depend on the degree and duration of ischemia.
to prevent chronic bladder ischemia caused by atherosclerosis and to treat its consequences , more pathophysiological knowledge is needed.
several animal models of atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia are available and should be useful tools for further research.
the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions.
in @number@ it was estimated that @number@ % of the adult population ( @number@ million ) have diabetes.
this review discusses the role of maternal and in utero influences on the developmental priming of t2d risk.
these findings show that poor maternal nutrition can prime a prediabetes phenotype , often manifest as insulin resistance , by very early stages of life.
thus , the maternal diet is a critical determinant of premature t2d risk.
preliminary studies show that pharmacological interventions in utero and dietary supplementation in early postnatal life may alleviate insulin resistance and reduce t2d risk.
however , further studies are warranted to fully understand the relationship between the early environment and long-term effects on metabolism.
such mechanistic insights will facilitate strategic interventions that prevent accelerated metabolic decline and the premature onset of t2d in the current and future generations.
the exercise program included measurements of radial artery blood flow waveform for different age groups using a noninvasive optical sensor.
arterial wave reflection was identified by measurements of blood flow waveforms before and after arterial branching.
students were able to distinguish between different waveforms of blood flow within different age groups.
furthermore , students were given the opportunity to explore the effect of aging on the elasticity of blood vessels.
heart failure ( hf ) is a common and potentially deadly condition , which frequently develops as a consequence of various diseases of the heart.
the incidence of heart failure continuously increases in aging societies illustrating the need for new therapeutic approaches.
however , the precise mechanisms underlying coronary spasm are unclear.
alcohol intolerance is prevalent among east asians , and we previously reported that coronary spasm could be induced by alcohol intake in csa patients.
we herein examined whether csa is associated with alcohol intolerance in japanese subjects.
therefore , alcohol ingestion as well as smoking is a significant risk factor for csa in japanese.
multi-factorial assessment and active participation in an evidence-based exercise programme are key interventions to prevent and manage falls.
methods : a cross-sectional survey targeted patients and staff members delivering exercise interventions for reducing falls.
results : response was @percent@ for the patient sample and @percent@ for the staff sample.
the median ( iqr ) age of patients was @number@ ( 77-86 ) years.
@percent@ were women.
balance and strength exercises were prescribed ; @percent@ reported using resistance equipment such as ankle weights and / or exercise band.
only @percent@ reported exercises were made more difficult as they improved.
however , patient satisfaction levels were high ( @percent@ satisfied or very satisfied ) .
patients and staff reported limited availability of strength and balance follow-up classes.
patients and staff wanted greater availability of long-term exercise services for falls prevention.
solar lentigines are a common sign of aging in asians , who often asked for treatment.
this was a split-face , evaluator-blind , randomized controlled study.
a single session of treatment was performed on asian patients with light facial lentigines.
the response to therapy was evaluated by two independent dermatologists , with standardized photographs taken @number@ weeks and @number@ month after the laser treatment.
patients ' satisfaction and preference in treatment were also assessed.
fifteen patients completed the study and were analyzed.
overall , a reduction in pigment was observed with both treatment arms during the study period.
the degree of pigment reduction following combined therapy and qsny alone was similar at @number@ weeks ' follow-up ( = @number@ ) .
hereafter , home medical care will play an important role in order to build the integrated community care system by cooperating with long-term care services.
neuropathology of a case of shiga pedigree with proximal-dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ( hmsn-p ) is reported.
in the spinal cord , marked atrophy of anterior and posterior roots was found.
histologically , severe neuronal loss and gliosis were evident in the spinal anterior horns.
bunina bodies and hyaline inclusions were not seen.
neuronal loss and gliosis were mild in the hypoglossal and facial nuclei.
myelin pallor was evident in the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord.
the posterior column , corticospinal tract and spinocerebellar tract showed loss of myelinated fibres and gliosis.
in clarke's nucleus , neuronal loss and gliosis were found.
dorsal root ganglion showed mild neuronal loss with a few nageotte's nodules.
in the precentral gyrus , mild loss of betz cells and gliosis together with neurophagia were observed.
in the iliopsoas muscle , islands of isolated muscle fibres can be seen against a background of fatty tissue.
the sural nerve showed a markedly decreased number of large and small myelinated fibres without onion-bulb formation.
small infarctions were seen in the subcortical white matter , the basal ganglia , the brainstem and the cerebellum.
immunohistochemistry revealed ubiquitin-positive , tar dna-binding @number@ kda-positive , tfg-positive inclusions in the remaining lmns.
moreover , it was supposed that αs oligomer concentration was also elevated in blood of pd patients.
further studies of αs in cerebrospinal fluid and blood would lead to establishment of the significance of αs as a biomarker for α-synucleinopathies including pd.
neuropathological diagnosis is essential in neurological disorders.
neurological signs and neuroimaging play a major role in clinical diagnosis.
the first step of pathological diagnosis starts to observe macroscopic findings of brains , which reveal the distribution of lesions specific to individual disorders.
accuracy of macroscopic finding is corrected or revised with microscopic findings and finally compared with neuroimaging and clinical diagnosis.
therefore it is very important and useful to learn macroscopic findings of neurological disorders.
we report an investigation of aging and individual differences in binding information during sentence understanding.
word-by-word reading times and comprehension ( e.g. , who scratched ? ) were measured.
data sources : comprehensive bibliographic searches in medline , the cochrane library , pedro , and cinahl databases were conducted ( @date@ ) .
data extraction : two review authors independently screened the search results and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment.
nineteen trials were included , @number@ of them comparing exercise with an inactive control.
most exercise programs were multicomponent.
data synthesis : meta-analysis was performed for the comparison of exercise versus control with the inverse variance method under the random-effects models.
results are inconclusive for endurance outcomes , and no consistent effect was observed on balance and the adl functional mobility.
the evidence comparing different modalities of exercise is scarce and heterogeneous.
moreover , cr opposes the expected age-associated alterations in myocardial stiffness , autonomic function , and gene expression in the human skeletal muscle.
alternatively , α-secretase cleavage generates a soluble and neuroprotective fragment ( sappα ) while precludes the production of aβ.
we showed that ly379268 incremented sappα release from cultured astrocytes by inducing α-secretases expression , whereas it decreased β-secretase levels.
ly379268-induced increase of ppar-γ levels could be involved in the effect of the agonist on sappα release.
moreover , mglu3 receptor expression is also decreased specifically in hippocampal astrocytes of these transgenic animals as a function of age.
the present study introduces four event detection algorithms for defining touch-down and foot-off during stair descent and stair ascent using segmental kinematics.
data were recorded while @number@ young and @number@ older adults completed stair descent and ascent trials over a four-step instrumented staircase.
trials were repeated for three stair riser height conditions ( @number@ mm , @number@ mm , and @number@ mm ) .
in addition , agreement metrics were better than those returned using existing kinematically derived event detection algorithms developed for overground gait.
these results indicate that touch-down and foot-off during stair ascent and descent of non-instrumented staircases can be determined with acceptable precision using segmental kinematic data.
background : previous studies suggest that the antioxidants vitamins c and e may protect against development of knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
we examined the association of circulating levels of vitamin c and e with incident whole knee radiographic oa ( wkroa ) .
two control knees per case were selected from those eligible for wkroa that did not develop it.
vitamin c and e ( alpha-tocopherol ) assays were done on baseline supernatant plasma ( pca ) and serum samples , respectively.
p-values for the trend of vitamin c and e tertiles and incident wkroa were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
due to the aging and increasingly complex nature of our patients , frailty has become a high-priority theme in cardiovascular medicine.
thus , we sought to synthesize the existing body of evidence and offer a perspective on how to integrate frailty into clinical practice.
frailty is a biological syndrome that reflects a state of decreased physiological reserve and vulnerability to stressors.
frailty contributes valuable prognostic insights incremental to existing risk models and assists clinicians in defining optimal care pathways for their patients.
interventions designed to improve outcomes in frail elders with cvd such as multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation are being actively tested.
background : stair descent is a frequent daily activity that poses great risks for injury due to falling.
very little is understood about the attentional demands of stair descent and their changes with aging.
the present study compared combined locomotor and cognitive functioning during different phases of stair descent between healthy young and older individuals.
specific age differences were found at stair transition where older adults showed more attentional effects.
interest in mind wandering ( mw ) has grown in recent years , but few studies have assessed this phenomenon in older adults.
this seems to suggest that mw becomes less frequent with aging , but more pervasive and detrimental to performance.
our results also indicated that the role of age and cognitive mechanisms in explaining mw depends on the demands of the sart task considered.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related ca ( 2 + ) dysregulation are not well understood.
moreover , in microarray studies , we found fkbp1b gene expression was downregulated in hippocampus of aging rats and early-stage alzheimer's disease subjects.
most cancers emerge in elderly and immune-comprised hosts implying an important role for cancer immune surveillance.
therefore , we compare the likely consequences of innate immune cell interactions with t cells in young versus elderly hosts.
we examine data showing that elderly-derived innate cells are highly immunosuppressive and may provide a more tumorigenic milieu than their younger counterparts.
standard chemotherapy often only provides these patients a few extra months survival time.
recent evidence has shown that standard chemotherapy is not as effective in hosts devoid of t cells.
therefore , t cell dysfunction in the elderly may contribute to poor treatment outcomes.
however , there is also evidence that t cell immunity can be rejuvenated via activated dendritic cells and / or macrophages.
combining ' rejuvenation ' immunotherapy with standard chemotherapy may offer an improved outcome for elderly cancer patients.
we explore this potential herein.
cannabinoid cb2 pet tracers are considered as a promising alternative to pbr / tspo tracers for the in-vivo imaging of neuroinflammation.
we describe here the synthesis and characterization of compound @number@ a new potent and brain penetrating cb2 ligand based on an original triazine template.
edwin cortez , fred fedok , and devinder mangat address questions for discussion and debate.
\ "there are no problems with cardiotoxicity with croton oil-phenol peels if done appropriately. \ "
\ "do not do spot testing with chemical peel agents. \ "
how do you handle peels in advanced fitzpatrick skin types iii , iv , v ?
how has your approach to or technique in chemical peels evolved over the past several years ?
objective : to examine effect modification between genetic susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) and dietary antioxidant or fish consumption on amd risk.
design : pooled data analysis of population-based cohorts.
participants : participants from the blue mountains eye study ( bmes ) and rotterdam study ( rs ) .
interactions between dietary intake and genetic risk levels were assessed.
participants without amd lesions at any visit were controls.
we adjusted for age and sex in analyses of each cohort sample and for smoking status and study site in pooled-data analyses.
no similar association was evident among participants with low genetic risk.
no interaction was detected between β-carotene or vitamin c and genetic risk status.
results : there was an age-dependent increase in the membrane stability in relation to sds.
discussion : the positive association between erythrocyte stability and rdw may reflect one possible mechanism involved in the clinical meaning of this hematological index.
background : episodic memory ( em ) declines with age and the rate of decline is variable across individuals.
in the current study , we explore the effect of this polymorphism on em-related activity and cognitive performance across the adult life span using fmri.
results : wwc1 t carriers had significantly better delayed recall performance than cc individuals ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : our results show a dynamic relationship between rs17070145 polymorphism and increasing age on neuronal activity in the hippocampal region.
background : animal and cell studies suggest that magnesium may prevent calcification within atherosclerotic plaques underlying cardiovascular disease.
little is known about the association of magnesium intake and atherosclerotic calcification in humans.
cac and aac were quantified using modified agatston scores ( as ) .
stronger inverse associations were observed in women than in men.
background : hypertension is associated with myocardial fibrosis , an increase in ecv , and af.
data linking these findings are limited.
t1 measurements pre-contrast and post-contrast in a cardiac magnetic resonance ( cmr ) study provide a method for quantification of ecv.
the endpoint of interest was late recurrence of af.
each @percent@ increase in ecv was associated with a @percent@ increased risk of recurrent af.
scapular kinematics in healthy adults is well described in the literature but little is known on typical children.
3-d scapular kinematics were obtained using an electromagnetic tracking device.
the subjects were asked to elevate and lower their arm in the scapular plane.
children also showed higher scapulohumeral rhythm during lowering of the arm compared to adults from 90° to 60°.
it was also found a low to little correlation between scapular position and age.
the study showed small but significant differences in scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm between children and adults.
telomere length is related to cellular aging and cardiovascular disease.
nevertheless , the specific role of cellular aging in this process is still unclear.
the aim of this report was to analyze the prognostic value of telomere length in men admitted for acute coronary syndrome.
clinical follow-up had been done for > 600 days , and a prognostic combined event was defined.
cox analysis confirmed short telomeres in men aged @number@ to @number@ years as an independent prognostic risk factor.
changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) level are implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline in depression and neurodegenerative disorders in older adults.
we found no effect of donepezil treatment on bdnf level.
the present results suggest that aging is an important factor related to decline in bdnf level.
clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00177671.
an association has been reported between pd and exposure to mitochondrial toxins , including environmental pesticides paraquat , maneb , and rotenone.
this redox reaction inhibits the mef2c-pgc1α transcriptional network , contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death.
our data provide mechanistic insight into gene-environmental interaction ( gxe ) in the pathogenesis of pd.
furthermore , using small-molecule high-throughput screening , we identify the mef2c-pgc1α pathway as a therapeutic target to combat pd.
no current age- and gender-related normative data exist for the dimensions of facial structures in northern sudanese subjects.
in the current study information about normal sex- and age-related linear distances is provided.
from the landmarks , @number@ linear distances were calculated , and averaged for age and sex.
comparisons were performed by factorial analysis of variance.
overall , when compared to literature data for african and caucasoid subjects , several differences were found , pointing to the necessity of ethnic-specific data.
data collected in the present investigation could serve as a database for the quantitative description of human facial morphology during normal growth and development.
our objective was to develop and validate a robust subject-specific one-dimensional wave propagation numerical model of the descending aorta.
we studied seven healthy volunteers , who underwent carotid applanation tonometry and aortic cardiovascular magnetic resonance ( cmr ) .
responses of our model in terms of changes in central pressure waveform with arterial alterations were consistent with previously described physiological knowledge.
finally , we also found low rms ( 5±2% ) when comparing simulated pressure in the proximal aortic location against tonometric carotid pressure curves.
conclusion : insomnia impacts psychomotor performance and subjective sleepiness differently , based on age group.
ola1 directly bound to the amino-terminal region of brca1 and γ-tubulin.
ola1 with a mutation observed in breast cancer cell line , e168q , failed to bind brca1 and rescue the ola1 knockdown-induced centrosome amplification.
brca1 variant i42v also abrogated the binding of brca1 to ola1.
these findings suggest that ola1 plays an important role in centrosome regulation together with brca1.
thirty-one receivers and six non-receivers ( aged 67-91 ) participated in six focus groups in london , ontario.
the focus group meetings lasted approximately @number@ minutes , were digitally audio-recorded , and transcribed verbatim.
inductive content analysis was performed to analyse the transcripts.
the major facilitators of taking the vaccine were recommendations by , and trust in , health professionals , and a belief in vaccine efficacy.
the major barriers were a fear of adverse reactions and the belief in resilience of an older adult.
focus should be given on correcting misconceptions about adverse events.
this study was conducted to analyze the molecular mechanisms responsible for anti-proliferation effects of glaucocalyxin a in cultured mcf-7 and hs578t breast cancer cells.
gene and protein expression changes related to apoptosis were investigated by semi-quantitative rt-pcr and western blotting , respectively.
involvement of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases and jnk signaling in regulation of these molecules was characterized by western blotting.
cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and the ic50 was determined as @number@ μm in mcf-7 and @number@ μm in hs578t cell.
we present an autopsied case of a senile japanese woman with sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) presenting as frontotemporal dementia.
disease onset was at the age of @number@ and presented as a behaviour disorder , particularly involving wasteful habits.
the patient had repeated incidents of making expensive purchases and then had difficulty making payments.
following these symptoms , she showed other changes of character such as lethargy and apathy.
head magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe frontotemporal lobe atrophy with severe lateral ventricular dilatation and frontal white matter degeneration.
pathologic degeneration was more severe in the anterior portion of the frontal lobe with extensive white matter degeneration.
many tdp-43-positive cytoplasmic inclusions were also observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
the patient was pathologically diagnosed with ftld with tdp-43-positive inclusions ( ftld-tdp ) without motor neuron disease.
the immunohistochemical findings corresponded to type a of the ftld-tdp pathology classification system.
methods : specific datasets of the 2000-2011 nationwide inpatient databases were analyzed.
the epidemiology of invasively-treated pad in taiwan was estimated , and the influences of potential confounders on these invasively-treated methods were evaluated.
on average , the total direct medical cost of one hospitalized and invasively-treated pad case ranged from $ us @number@ to $ us @number@
the annual cases of bypass surgery for the pad cases averaged @number@ and the cases for limb amputation ranged from @number@ to @number@ annually.
@percent@ of all the enrolled cases were treated with ptas related to hypertension , cardiovascular disease , hyperlipidemia and catastrophic illness.
conclusions : in taiwan , a gender difference and age and period effects on the invasively-treated incidence of le pad were observed.
the number of pta procedures remarkably increased , but the 2-year failure rate of ptas reduced from @number@ to @number@
life expectancy has increased considerably throughout the world.
in bangladesh , life expectancy has increased from about @number@ years in @number@ to @number@ years in @number@
however , it is unknown whether the increase in life expectancy is simultaneously accompanied by an increase in disability-free life expectancy ( dfle ) .
the study fi ndings suggest that urban , more-educated , elderly males are more active in all aspects of life and have longer dfle.
females are found to outlive males but are more likely to live a greater part of their remaining life with disability.
positive correlations between the aai and dfle suggest that older adults could enjoy more dfle by involving themselves in active aging activities.
this has a definite impact on health professionals who have to assess their competency to live independently and manage their finances.
this decision , which has important consequences for the person , must be based on an objective and rigorous assessment.
the goal is to help practitioners who work with older people with cognitive impairments to accurately assess their ability to manage themselves and their property.
additional studies are thus needed to fill the gap in knowledge about specific tools used to assess competency.
the qualitative changes in physique during the school-age years were examined by showing the changes in the level of body fat accu- mulation with age.
the subjects were @number@ boys and girls ( @number@ boys , @number@ girls ) aged @number@ to @number@ years who participated in regular sports activities.
height , weight and body fat percentage were measured.
fat free mass was calculated by subtracting fat mass from body weight.
bmi was calculated as body weight ( kg ) divided by the square of height ( m ) .
as a result , in the frequency distribution charts there was a shift from excessive fat to low fat from age @number@ to @number@ years.
from 5-10% of elderly residents of long-term care facilities require chronic indwelling catheters for management of urine voiding.
these residents are always bacteriuric , because of biofilm formation along the catheter , and experience increased morbidity associated with urinary tract infection.
a wide variety of bacteria or yeast species are isolated.
occasional episodes of symptomatic infection may be accompanied by localizing genitourinary findings.
however , when fever is present and there are no localizing findings , symptomatic infection is a diagnosis of exclusion.
many of these episodes are not from a urinary source , so critical clinical evaluation is always necessary.
a urine specimen for culture should be obtained from patients with symptomatic infection prior to institution of antimicrobial therapy.
when the catheter has been present for @number@ weeks or longer , it should be replaced and the urine specimen collected through the new catheter.
this provides a specimen of bladder urine without biofilm contamination , and catheter replacement also improves clinical outcomes.
treatment algorithms with a goal of limiting inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria have been developed.
empiric antimicrobial therapy should be avoided when possible.
guidelines for prevention of catheter-acquired urinary infection should be followed.
importance rib cartilage from the sixth , seventh , and eighth ribs offers a long cartilaginous curvature , making the material reliable for grafting.
calcification of cartilage causes unexpected absorption , difficult manipulation , and donor site morbidity.
most studies of calcification were performed in western countries.
objective to investigate the incidence , degree , and pattern of rib cartilage calcification in asian patients.
the incidence , degree , and pattern of cartilage calcification of the sixth through eighth ribs were noted.
the patients were stratified into @number@ age groups , and @number@ patients ( @number@ male and @number@ female ) were selected for each group.
the degree of calcification was assessed as @percent@ , @percent@ to @percent@ , @percent@ to @percent@ , @percent@ to @percent@ , and @percent@ to @percent@.
meaningful calcification was defined as @percent@ or greater.
the pattern of calcification was classified as marginal , granular , and central.
exposure computed tomographic scans of the chest.
main outcomes and measures degree of calcification , presence of meaningful calcification , and calcification pattern.
calcification of the sixth and seventh rib cartilage significantly increased with age.
males predominantly had the marginal type of calcification , whereas females predominantly had a granular type.
the rate and pattern of calcification had no relationship to age.
asian females also show a predominantly granular or central pattern of calcification that may hinder proper harvest and incision of the rib cartilage.
these differences in the incidence and pattern of rib cartilage calcification need appropriate preoperative attention.
obesity is a major health problem , contributing to the development of various diseases with aging.
in humans , obesity has been associated with reduced testosterone production and subfertility.
adipose tissue is an important source of hormones having influences on both metabolism and reproduction.
among them , the production and secretion of adiponectin is inversely correlated to the severity of obesity.
thus far , the involvement of adiponectin in the influence of metabolism on reproduction in men is limited.
however , adiponectin and its receptors are expressed by different cell types of the male gonad , including leydig cells , spermatozoa , and epididymis.
in addition , actions of adiponectin at the testicular level have been shown to promote spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.
therefore , autocrine / paracrine actions of adiponectin in the testis may contribute to support male reproductive function.
taste receptor cells detect nutrients and toxins in the oral cavity and transmit the sensory information to gustatory nerve endings in the buds.
supporting cells may play a role in the clearance of excess neurotransmitters after their release from taste receptor cells.
basal cells are precursor cells that differentiate into mature taste cells.
similar to other epithelial cells , taste cells turn over continuously , with an average life span of about 8-12 days.
to maintain structural homeostasis in taste buds , new cells are generated to replace dying cells.
some regulatory factors of taste cell differentiation and degeneration have been identified , but our understanding of these aspects of taste bud homoeostasis remains limited.
many patients with various diseases develop taste disorders , including taste loss and taste distortion.
decline in taste function also occurs during aging.
recent studies suggest that disruption or alteration of taste bud homeostasis may contribute to taste dysfunction associated with disease and aging.
the default network of the human brain has drawn much attention due to its relevance to various brain disorders , cognition , and behavior.
however , its functional components and boundaries have not been precisely defined.
there is no consensus as to whether the precuneus , a hub in the functional connectome , acts as part of the default network.
we used generalized ranking and averaging independent component analysis by reproducibility ( graicar ) to investigate the lifespan trajectories of intrinsic functional networks.
these results remained even when analyses were restricted to a subpopulation with very similar head motion across age.
our analyses further showed that the two networks tend to merge with increasing age.
post-hoc analyses of functional connectivity confirmed the distinguishable cross-lifespan trajectories between the two networks.
autophagy is an intracellular degradative system that is believed to be involved in the aging process.
the contribution of autophagy to age-related changes in the human skin is unclear.
in this study , we examined the relationship between autophagy and skin aging.
aged dermal fibroblasts were minimally affected by inhibition of autophagic activity.
methods : elsa is a population-based study of english adults aged ≥ @number@ years.
health literacy , participation in the national crc screening programme , and covariates were interview-assessed in @date@ .
all those age-eligible for screening from @number@ to @number@ were included in the present analysis ( n = 3087 ) .
the association between health literacy and screening was estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.
results : @percent@ of participants had adequate health literacy skills.
screening uptake was @percent@ among those with adequate and @percent@ among those with limited health literacy skills.
conclusions : limited health literacy is a barrier to participation in england's national , publicly available crc screening programme.
interventions should include appropriate design of information materials , provision of alternative support , and increased one-on-one interaction with health care professionals.
this study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of pain in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the united states.
data from the @number@ national health and aging trends study were analyzed.
in-person interviews were conducted in @number@ adults ages ≥65 years.
the response rate was @percent@ and all analyses were weighted to account for the sampling design.
the overall prevalence of bothersome pain in the last month was @percent@ , afflicting @number@ million older adults in the united states.
pain prevalence was higher in women and in older adults with obesity , musculoskeletal conditions , and depressive symptoms ( p < @number@ ) .
the majority ( @percent@ ) of older adults with pain endorsed multiple sites of pain.
several measures of physical capacity , including grip strength and lower-extremity physical performance , were associated with pain and multisite pain.
human aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle and an increase in circulating inflammatory markers.
it is unknown whether endurance training ( tr ) can prevent these changes.
aging was associated with poorer glucose control ( p < 0.05 ) , independent of training.
a significant increase in supar with age was observed ( p < 0.05 ) .
this review presents insights from studies of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) in humans and mice.
to adequately perform perioral rejuvenation procedures , it is necessary to understand the morphologic changes caused by facial aging.
anthropometric analyses of standardized frontal view and profile photographs could help to investigate such changes.
photographs of @number@ male individuals were evaluated using @number@ anthropometric indices.
this effect was stronger in the upper vermilion and medial upper lips.
the sagging of the upper lips led to the appearance of an increased mouth width.
the photo-assisted anthropometric measurements investigated gave reproducible results related to perioral aging.
the geriatric population ( age @number@ and older ) is the fastest growing segment nationally and globally.
the large population will continue to increase because of baby boomers that have recently turned @number@ years old.
within this cohort , there is much diversity in health , socioeconomic levels , education , and health beliefs.
several factors should be taken into account in geriatric prosthodontic care , including quality of life and psychosocial needs.
background : circulating progenitor cells ( cpcs ) improve cardiovascular function and organ perfusion by enhancing the capacities of endothelial repair and neovasculogenesis.
this study investigates whether exercise regimens with / without hypoxia affect cardiac and muscular hemodynamics by modulating cpcs and angiogenic factors.
results : after the five-week interventions , the ht group exhibited a larger improvement in aerobic capacity than the nt group.
in rheumatoid arthritis , the subpopulation of cd14bright / cd16 + monocyte is expanded and prone towards generation of th17 cells.
cd56 + monocytes represent a different subpopulation , which is also expanded in conditions associated with autoimmunity like inflammatory bowel diseases.
the aim of the study was the quantification and functional characterization of the cd56 + monocyte subset in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
methods : frequencies of peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry in @number@ healthy controls and @number@ ra patients.
in @number@ patients , anti-tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) therapy was initiated , and the cd56 + monocyte frequency was monitored longitudinally.
lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) -induced cytokine production of cd56 + and cd56- monocytes was determined by intracellular staining or cytokine secretion assays.
we found a strong positive correlation between an individual's age and the frequency of cd56 + monocytes.
upon stimulation with lps , cd56 + monocytes became more frequently positive for tnf , il-10 and il-23 than cd56- monocytes.
in addition , cd56 + monocytes spontaneously produced more reactive oxygen intermediates than cd56- monocytes.
conclusion : the cd14bright / cd56 + monocyte subset is expanded in aging individuals as well as in patients with ra.
the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between apathy and perceived self-efficacy.
they also completed two short scales assessing general self-efficacy and negative mood.
in addition , a close relative of each participant completed the initiative interest scale , a new questionnaire assessing apathetic manifestations in aging.
conclusion : these results shed new light on the processes related to apathy in aging and open up an interesting prospect for psychological interventions.
this cross-sectional field study documented the effect of long-term t'ai chi , meditation , or aerobic exercise training versus a sedentary lifestyle on executive function.
it was predicted that long-term training in t'ai chi and meditation plus exercise would produce greater benefits to executive function than aerobic exercise.
t'ai chi and meditation plus exercise include mental and physical training.
a one-factor ( group ) , one-covariate ( age ) multivariate analysis of covariance was performed.
background data : for non-thermal photorejuvenation , laser and led light sources have been demonstrated to be safe and effective.
however , lasers and leds may offer some disadvantages because of dot-shaped ( punctiform ) emission characteristics and their narrow spectral bandwidths.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ volunteers participated in this prospective , randomized , and controlled study.
irradiances and treatment durations varied in all treatment groups.
results : the treated subjects experienced significantly improved skin complexion and skin feeling , profilometrically assessed skin roughness , and ultrasonographically measured collagen density.
the blinded clinical evaluation of photographs confirmed significant improvement in the intervention groups compared with the control.
conclusions : broadband polychromatic pbm showed no advantage over the red-light-only spectrum.
mccs limit activities of daily living ( adls ) , yet this association is not well characterized outside of clinical populations.
methods : a representative sample of @number@ new york city housing authority residents aged @number@ or older completed a telephone survey in @date@ .
results : of respondents , @percent@ had at least @number@ badl limitation ; @percent@ had at least @number@ chronic condition , and @percent@ had mccs.
conclusion : prevalence of badl limitations is high among low-income older adults and increases with number of chronic conditions.
initiating prevention of additional conditions and treating disease constellations earlier to decrease badl limitations may improve aging outcomes in this population.
brain changes reminiscent of alzheimer disease ( ad ) have been previously reported in a substantial portion of elderly cognitive healthy ( hc ) subjects.
in voxel-based analyses , fdg-pet and mri gm maps were compared between hc converters and hc non-converters.
out of the @number@ hc subjects , @number@ subjects converted to mci or ad dementia.
the gm volume roi was not a significant predictor ( p = @number@ ) .
tmt-b but not the free recall tests were a significant predictor ( auc = @percent@ ( @percent@ ci = @percent@ , @percent@ ) ) .
for the combination of fdg-pet and tmt-b , the auc was @percent@ ( sensitivity = @percent@ , specificity = @percent@ ) .
voxel-based group comparison showed reduced fdg-pet metabolism within the temporo-parietal and prefrontal cortex in hc converters.
in conclusion , medial temporal and-parietal fdg-pet and executive function show a clinically acceptable accuracy for predicting clinical progression in elderly hc subjects.
it remains unclear to what degree combination antiretroviral therapy ( art ) protects against hcv-associated liver failure.
we defined art initiation as the first pharmacy fill date of a qualifying art regimen of ≥3 drugs from ≥2 classes.
results : we observed @number@ hepatic decompensation events in @number@ @number@ person-years of follow-up ( incidence rate , @number@.4 / 100 person-years ) .
conclusions : initiation of art significantly reduced the rate of hepatic decompensation by 28%-41% on average.
these results suggest that art should be administered to hiv / hcv-coinfected patients to lower the risk of end-stage liver disease.
sleep duration was assessed by a self-report of hours of nightly sleep in the past month.
sociodemographic measures included age , sex , education , poverty status , and perceived neighborhood disorder.
health status was assessed using measures of vigilance , depression , perceived stress , coronary artery disease , diabetes , blood pressure , and inflammation.
results : there were no significant racial group differences in sleep duration.
background : interactions between antiretroviral ( arv ) therapy and medications to treat age-related comorbidities are a growing concern in the aging hiv population.
objective : to investigate the association of age with potential drug-drug interactions ( pddis ) involving arvs.
methods : we studied arv-treated patients attending a tertiary care center.
logistic regression was used to determine the association of age with the occurrence of ≥1 pddi.
background : we examined the associations between childhood socioeconomic status and adulthood height with functional limitations in old age.
subjective socioeconomic status during childhood and current height were obtained by self-report through questionnaire in @number@
higher-level functional capacity was assessed using a validated questionnaire scale.
poisson regression with robust variance estimator was employed to determine the association between childhood subjective socioeconomic status , height , and functional limitations.
conclusions : low childhood subjective socioeconomic status had a robust association with functional limitation regardless of age cohort.
background : the relationship between executive functions ( ef ) and gait speed is well established.
however , with the exception of dual tasking , the key components of ef that predict differences in gait performance have not been determined.
methods : participants were @number@ nondemented older adults ( mean age @number@ years ; @percent@ women ) enrolled in a community-based cohort study.
gait speed was assessed using an instrumented walkway during single- and dual-task conditions.
the flanker task was used to assess ef.
in unadjusted analyses , the three ef measures were related to gait speed in single- and dual-task conditions.
conclusion : among the three ef measures assessed , intraindividual variability but not speed of processing or conflict resolution predicted performance differences in gait speed.
frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with physical decline with aging.
using a proteomics-based screening method to screen plasma for potential biomarkers , we previously found inflammatory glycoproteins to be increased with frailty.
plasma levels of transferrin , fibrinogen , haptoglobin , and interleukin-6 were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
differences in protein concentrations by frailty status were determined using analysis of variance.
haptoglobin did not differ by frailty status ( p = @number@ ) .
our findings largely confirmed the findings of our nontargeted approach that inflammatory glycoproteins are increased with frailty.
future studies should include larger examinations of these associations and consider the potential usefulness of these glycoproteins as biomarkers for frailty.
myc oncoproteins induce genes driving aerobic glycolysis , including lactate dehydrogenase-a that generates lactate.
reductions in gsh then lead to increases in hydrogen peroxide , mitochondrial damage , and ultimately , cell death.
context : the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of dementia has been validated in several studies.
objective : our aim was to investigate the association between thyroid function and the risk of mci and dementia in euthyroid elderly subjects.
design , setting , and participants : we conducted a population-based prospective study as a part of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
main outcome measure : baseline thyroid function was compared according to the development of mci or dementia during the study period.
binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent association between thyroid function and cognitive impairment.
results : at baseline evaluation , @number@ subjects were cognitively normal , and @number@ subjects had mci.
in the progression group , baseline serum tsh levels were lower than those in nonprogression group.
baseline serum free t₄ levels were not significantly different between these two groups.
the association between lower baseline serum tsh levels and the development of mci or dementia was maintained after adjustment for conventional baseline risk factors.
background : acyl-ghrelin is thought to have both orexigenic effects and to stimulate gh release.
a possible cause of the anorexia of aging is an age-dependent decrease in circulating acyl-ghrelin levels.
ghrelin was measured in an in-house , two-site sandwich elisa specific for full-length acyl-ghrelin.
gh was measured in a sensitive assay ( immulite @number@ ) , and gh peaks were determined by deconvolution analysis.
our data also suggest that with normal aging , endogenous acyl-ghrelin levels are less tightly linked to gh regulation.
the urothelium is a newly recognized sensory structure that detects bladder fullness.
pivotal to this sensory role is the release of atp from the urothelium.
we examined the action of key neurotransmitters : purinergic and muscarinic agonists on atp release and its paracrine effect.
intracellular ca²⁺ was measured in isolated urothelial cells with fura-2.
the p2y agonist utp but not the p2x agonist α , β-methylene-atp generated atp release.
the muscarinic agonist carbachol and the m₂-preferential agonist oxotremorine also generated atp release , which was antagonized by the m₂-specific agent methoctramine.
agonist-evoked atp release was accompanied by mucosal contractions.
urothelial atp release was differentially mediated by intracellular ca²⁺ release , camp , exocytosis , or connexins.
urothelium-attached smooth muscle exhibited spontaneous contractions that were augmented by subthreshold concentrations of carbachol , which had little direct effect on smooth muscle.
this activity was attenuated by desensitizing p2x receptors on smooth muscle.
urothelial atp release was increased in aging bladders.
purinergic and muscarinic agents produced similar effects in human urothelial tissue.
this is the first demonstration of specific modulation of urothelial atp release in native tissue by purinergic and muscarinic neurotransmitters via distinct mechanisms.
released atp produces paracrine effects on underlying tissues.
this process is altered during aging and has relevance to human bladder pathologies.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the veterans aging cohort study.
multivariable ordered polytomous logistic regression was used to determine the association between fib-4 status and acetaminophen exposure stratified by hcv status.
results : among hiv-infected patients ( n = @number@ @number@ ) , @percent@ received at least one acetaminophen prescription.
after stratifying by hcv status , those with evidence of advanced liver fibrosis were equally likely to be exposed to acetaminophen.
conclusions : strategies to minimize acetaminophen exposure , especially for hiv-monoinfected patients , are warranted.
a pubmed search elicited @number@ english language articles published since @number@ additional articles were identified by reviewing reference sections and contacting authors.
selection criteria ultimately focused on use of workstation alternatives during simulated or real work tasks.
sitting on a stability ball or using sit-stand / standing desks does not impair task performance relative to the traditional seated condition.
some evidence of typing impairment is inconsistently reported with active workstation alternatives ; the finer motor skills required for mouse-related tasks may be more affected.
little is known about learning or adaptation with practice.
users are generally accepting of workstation alternatives ; however , there is evidence of less than optimal use.
development of a better pet radioligand for α4β2-nachr was a focus of substantial investigation that has been thoroughly reviewed ( up to @number@ ) previously.
background : cancer is a disease that mostly affects older adults.
treatment adherence is crucial to obtain optimal outcomes such as cure or improvement in quality of life.
older adults have numerous comorbidites as well as cognitive and sensory impairments that may affect adherence.
the aim of this systematic review was to examine factors that influence adherence to cancer treatment in older adults with cancer.
patients and methods : systematic review of the literature published between inception of the databases and @date@ .
english , dutch , french and german-language articles reporting cross-sectional or longitudinal , intervention or observational studies of cancer treatment adherence were included.
two reviewers reviewed abstracts and abstracted data using standardized forms.
study quality was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool @number@
results : twenty-two manuscripts were identified reporting on @number@ unique studies.
the quality of most studies was good.
most studies focused on women with breast cancer and adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy.
more than half of the studies used data from administrative or clinical databases or chart reviews.
the adherence rate varied from @percent@ to @percent@.
only one qualitative study asked older adults about reasons for non-adherence.
factors associated with non-adherence varied widely across studies.
conclusion : non-adherence was common across studies but little is known about the factors influencing non-adherence.
more research is needed to investigate why older adults choose to adhere or not adhere to their treatment regimens taking into account their multimorbidity.
membrane lipid composition is an important correlate of the rate of aging of animals and , therefore , the determination of their longevity.
the non-targeted approach revealed a specie-specific lipidomic profile that accurately predicts the animal longevity.
the inverse association between longevity and lc-ffa persisted after correction for body mass and phylogenetic interdependence.
these results indicate that the lipidomic signature is an optimized feature associated with animal longevity , emerging lc-ffa as a potential biomarker of longevity.
the awareness of the phenomenal qualities of one's experiences can be considered as an instance of metacognition.
how do such cognitive heterogeneities occur ?
what parameters influence them ?
here i examine the relationship between the awareness of the phenomenal qualities of subjective experience ( qualia and free will ) and general cognitive tendencies.
the awareness of qualia was found to be more varied among subjects compared to the belief in free will.
various cognitive tendencies correlated with the metacognition of phenomenal experience.
the awareness of qualia was found to increase significantly with age , suggesting a continuous learning process.
these results suggest that heterogeneities in the metacognition of phenomenal properties of experience are important constraints in human cognition.
background : disability prevalence in older adults is increasing.
objective : to describe vr services for individuals aging with ms , sci , lep and md and the impact of aging on employment status.
participants : thirteen washington state vr counselors and @number@ individuals , @number@ to @number@ years old , with ms , md , lep or sci.
methods : we examined national rehabilitation services administration data ( @number@ @number@ ) , including case closure , service outcomes and other demographics.
we then purposively selected washington state for our study.
interviews provided consumer and counselor perspectives on the components of successful case closure ( employed ) and the impact of aging and disability on employment.
results : washington state and national data were similar.
organizational and individual factors influence the effectiveness of vr services.
additional research is needed to understand the variables associated with effective use of vr services.
every day we use our eyes to perform activities of daily living and work.
aging changes as well as health conditions can impact an individual's visual function , making it more difficult to accurately perform work activities.
this manuscript outlines a case study of systematically developing visual demands analyses and pre-placement vision screening assessment protocols for individuals completing quality inspection positions.
when the vision screening was completed , it was discovered that over @percent@ of the employees had visual deficits that were correctable.
this screening process yielded improved quality results but also identification of previously undetected visual deficits.
further development of vision screening in the workplace is supported.
ten healthy participants were recruited in @number@ groups ; young : 20-33 years , older1 : 65-74 years , older2 : 75-85 years.
the binocular dva was measured while walking on a treadmill at @number@ and @number@ m / s speeds.
the optotype display was placed at @number@ m for neardva and at @number@ m for fardva.
on randomly selected trials , htcoupling was achieved by using a collar.
a mix-factor anova ( age-group x htcoupling x speed ) was performed separately for the near and fardva.
neardva declined with htcoupling ( p = 0.021 ) .
additionally , neardva worsened at the faster speed ( p < @number@ ) .
fardva declined at the faster speed ( p < @number@ ) with no effect of htcoupling or age-group.
neardva is more sensitive to normal aging process.
these age-related deficits become more apparent at higher walking speeds.
forkhead box-o ( foxo ) family transcriptional factors control the expression of many genes involved in a variety of cellular processes.
melanogenesis is an oxidizing process ; therefore , many antioxidants are used to inhibit melanin production.
however , their mechanism of action is poorly understood.
in this study , we investigated the role of foxo3a , which is a key factor in oxidative stress-related cellular responses in melanogenesis.
when foxo3a expression was inhibited , the expression of melanogenic genes and melanin levels increased.
demographic and social changes in the last decades have resulted in improvements in health and longevity.
the survival of elderly people has improved significantly and thus centenarians are becoming the fastest growing population group.
environmental , genetic , and accidental factors have influenced the human life span.
researchers have gained substantial evidence that advanced glycation end products may play an important role in the processes of physiological aging.
we observed association between the a allele and genotype homozygous for this allele ( aa ) with a longer life expectancy in the male population.
the differences in the genetic regulation of inflammatory processes may influence the presence of age-related disorders.
oxidative stress is thought to play a significant role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
dynamic balance showed similar changes ( p < @number@ ) .
leg strength was not significantly different between visits ( p > @number@ ) .
participants maintained aerobic activities , however resistance and balance exercise levels decreased non-significantly.
we compare trends in activities and disability for americans ages @number@ to @number@ in recent years , and assess cross-sectional linkages of activities and disability.
methods : data are from the health and retirement study , a longitudinal survey of community-dwelling u.s. adults.
trends are estimated by mixed-effects regression models ( mrms ) with time , age , and time-age interaction predictors.
links of activities and disability also use mrm.
personal care hours rise with disability , but most activities decline.
discussion : activities are more dynamic than disability , and time use is associated with disability.
taken together , the results encourage broader activities in disability measures to capture better disability's scope and dynamics.
the questionnaire was validated by exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analysis.
results : regarding acceptance of alzheimer's disease screening ( section b ) a single factor structure fitted best.
internal consistency of the different scales reached from α = @number@ to α = @number@
overall , @percent@ of the participants indicated that they wanted to be screened for alzheimer's disease on a regular basis.
as the sample is a convenience sample of ( relatively ) healthy older adults , generalizability of these results is limited.
the post-translational aar and aai could significantly induce the density and localization of plaque deposition in brain tissues.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is reliably related to the formation and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide ( aβ ) plaques in the human brain.
no current analytical methods can simultaneously determine aar and aai during the degradation of aβ from ad patients.
the quantification of these peptides was determined using a stable isotope [ ( @number@ ) n ] -labeled aβ1-40 internal standard.
background / purpose : ultraweak photon emission ( upe ) is one potential method to evaluate the oxidative status of the skin in vivo.
however , little is known about how the daily oxidative stress of the skin is related to skin aging-related alterations in vivo.
we characterized the steady state upe and performed a skin survey.
results : the steady state upe at the three skin sites increased with age.
correlation analysis revealed that the steady state upe only from the buttock was related to skin elasticity , which showed age-dependent changes.
right-left regional cerebral differences are a feature of the human brain linked to functional abilities , aging , and neurodevelopmental and mental disorders.
the role of genetic factors in structural asymmetry has been incompletely studied.
second , do different genetic factors influence left and right hemisphere size in homologous regions ?
interhemispheric genetic correlations were high and significant ; in only two subcortical regions ( pallidum and accumbens ) did the estimate statistically differ from @number@
thus , there was little evidence for different genetic influences on left and right hemisphere regions.
third , to what extent do genetic factors influence variability in left-right size differences ?
despite varying interpretations of existing data , we view the present results as consistent with previous findings.
the present study explored own-age biases in deception detection , investigating whether individuals were more likely to trust those in their own-age group.
younger and older participants were asked to detect deceit from videos of younger and older speakers , rating their confidence in each decision.
older participants were also more confident in their judgements of own-age , relative to other-age , speakers.
there were no own-age biases for younger participants.
in a subsequent ( apparently unrelated ) task , participants were asked to rate the trustworthiness of the speakers.
both age groups of participants trusted younger speakers who had previously told the truth more compared to those who had lied.
this effect was not found for older speakers.
these findings are considered in relation to the in-group / out-group model of social cognition and common stereotypical beliefs held about younger and older adults.
objective : the objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and perception of hormone replacement therapy among women in enugu south-east nigeria.
method : this was a cross sectional survey of gynaecology clinic attendees at the university of nigeria teaching hospital ( unth ) , enugu.
these women were randomly selected.
data were analyzed using spss software.
the primary method used was cross tabulation.
result : the knowledge and perception of hr among women of south east nigeria is poor and related to the level of education.
one hundred and sixty eight women ( @percent@ ) had knowledge of hrt and only @number@ ( @percent@ ) had taken it in the past.
currently none was using hrt despite experiencing menopausal symptoms.
majority of women were ignorant of hrt and took climacteric symptoms as part of aging process.
conclusion : the knowledge and perception of hrt is poor and limited.
public enlightenment would help to improve awareness of climacteric symptoms.
women at high risk for menopausal diseases should be advised on hrt.
youths with disabilities face numerous challenges when they transition to adulthood.
the change provides additional time for processing claims before the applicant ages out of the foster care system.
increasing age is associated with deficits in a wide range of cognitive domains as well as with structural brain changes.
after controlling for age , fa and md were exclusively related to perceptual speed.
when further stratifying the sample into two age groups , the associations were reliable in the old-old ( ≥ @number@ years ) only.
this relationship between white matter microstructure and perceptual speed remained significant after excluding persons in a preclinical dementia phase.
the observed pattern of results suggests that microstructural white matter integrity may be especially important to perceptual speed among very old adults.
background : sleep disorders causes a significant negative effect on mental and physical health , particularly among the elderly.
poor sleeper was defined by a cpsqi global score of > 5.
a history of chronic diseases was confirmed by the medical records of each participant.
conclusions : poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among elderly chinese residents in urban shanghai.
growing attention and comprehensive countermeasures involving psycho-social and personal activities might alleviate the sleep problem in the elderly.
cellular senescence occurs as a response to extracellular and intracellular stresses and contributes to aging and age-related pathologies.
emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence also acts as a potent tumor suppression mechanism that prevents the oncogenic transformation of primary human cells.
recent reports have indicated that mirnasact as key modulators of cellular senescence by targeting critical regulators of the senescence pathways.
we previously reported that mir-127 is up-regulated in senescent fibroblasts.
in this report , we identified mir-127 as a novel regulator of cellular senescence that directly targets bcl6.
we further showed that mir-127 is down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and that this down-regulation is associated with up-regulation of bcl6.
over-expression of mir-127 or depletion of bcl6 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation.
our data suggest that mir-127 may function as a tumor suppressor that modulates the oncogene bcl6.
introduction : we determined lower limb neuromuscular capacities associated with falls and fall-related injuries in older people with declining peripheral nerve function.
results : falls and fall-related injuries were reported by @number@ ( @percent@ ) and @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects , respectively.
no other variable maintained significance in the presence of hip ( str ) / ankpro .
conclusions : fall and injury risk in the population studied is related inversely to hip ( str ) / ankpro .
increasing rapidly available hip strength in patients with neuropathic ankle sensory impairment may decrease risk of falls and related injuries.
study design : comparison between two groups of different age ranges.
pgcr , pucr , and rps were elicited by perfusing water into the pharynx rapidly and slowly.
hpsv was determined by abolishing rps with pharyngeal anesthesia.
rps was absent in five of the @number@ ( @percent@ ) slow injections in the elderly group.
in these elderly subjects , hpsv was exceeded and laryngeal penetration of the water was seen.
the threshold volume to elicit pgcr , pucr , and rps was significantly lower than the hpsv during rapid injections.
except for rps , these volumes were also significantly lower than hpsv during slow injections.
lower frequency-elicitation of pgcr , pucr , and rps in the elderly can predispose them to the risks of aspiration.
the authors analyzed results and complication rates of two methods for hollow eye ring treatment.
methods : the authors used two methods on two patient collectives.
group a was treated using hyaluronic acid gel ( restylane ; q-med , uppsala , sweden ) and a reinforced 25-gauge pix'l + micro cannula.
results : protocol b was associated with significantly lower complication rates.
the authors also analyzed in how smoking , age , and skin properties might affect the clinical outcome.
they found that choice of treatment and a history of blepharoplasty were significant predictive factors that correlated with complications.
conclusions : tear trough treatment by hyalurostructure shows satisfying and efficient results with few complications.
this technique makes hyalurostructure a competent and promising treatment for tear trough management.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iii.
mitochondria are organelles playing pivotal roles in a range of diverse cellular functions , from energy generation to redox homeostasis and apoptosis regulation.
their loss of functionality may indeed contribute to the development of aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
recently , mitochondria have been shown to exhibit peculiar features in pluripotent stem cells ( pscs ) .
these transformation events impact mitochondrial number , morphology , activity , cellular metabolism , and mtdna integrity.
here , we review these recent findings and discuss their implications in the context of stem cell biology , aging research , and regenerative medicine.
a take-home message is that increasing evidence supports the health protective features of psychological well-being in reducing risk for disease and promoting length of life.
a recurrent and increasingly important theme is resilience - the capacity to maintain or regain well-being in the face of adversity.
implications for future research and practice are considered.
methods : the pacslac was revised based on the relevant clinical and theoretical literature.
psychometric properties and clinical utility of the resulting 31-item pacslac-ii were examined.
its ability to discriminate pain from non-pain-related states was compared with that of preexisting pain assessment tools using archival data.
a second phase involved the use of the pacslac and pacslac-ii by ltc staff to solicit feedback from health care providers.
mixed-methods analysis of this feedback was conducted.
results : the pacslac-ii demonstrated satisfactory reliability , excellent validity , and ability to differentiate between pain and nonpain states.
objectives : pain is underrecognized and undermanaged in older adults with dementia.
because dementia patients have a diminished capacity to communicate discomfort , untreated pain may be expressed in the form of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms.
these results reinforce the importance of proper pain assessment and its management as part of dementia care planning.
this review focuses on chaperone-mediated autophagy ( cma ) , one of the proteolytic systems that contributes to degradation of intracellular proteins in lysosomes.
in addition , cma contributes to cellular quality control through the removal of damaged or malfunctioning proteins.
methods : data from the @number@ national health and aging trends study ( nhats ) were used to identify @number@ self-reported stroke survivors aged≥65 years.
one-to-one propensity matching was performed on demographics and comorbidities to create a matched sample.
participation restrictions were defined as reductions / absence in social activities valued by respondents because of their health or functioning.
physical and cognitive capacity , depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by validated scales and aphasia / dysarthria by a single question.
comparisons using survey-weighted χ2 tests and logistic regression were made.
depressive and anxiety symptoms and aphasia / dysarthria were independent predictors of participation restrictions.
conclusions : stroke survivors have more participation restrictions than can be accounted for by sociodemographic profiles and comorbidity burden.
future work aimed at improving physical capacity , reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms , and improving aphasia / dysarthria has potential to enhance participation.
panax ginseng meyer ( ginseng ) has been used widely in traditional herbal medicine because of its pharmacological activities.
eg , an extract which is rich in the active compound ginsenoside f2 , and purified ginsenoside f2 were used in these experiments.
the ginsenoside content of eg was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ( lc-ms ) .
lc-ms analysis detected a difference in the ginsenoside content between normal white ginseng and enzyme-modified ginseng.
in uvb-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts treated with eg , mmp-1 production considerably decreased without cell toxicity.
furthermore , topical application of eg showed significant reductions in skin dryness , thickness , and fragmented collagen fibers in uvb-exposed hairless mice.
ginsenoside f2 , an active component of eg , increased procollagen type i production and decreased mmp-1 secretion in uv-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts.
eg and ginsenoside f2 are potentially useful for the prevention and treatment of uvb-induced skin damage.
during the last years , numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between vascular calcification and low bone mineral density.
this observation is in line with experimental data demonstrating the osteogenic characteristics of calcified arteries.
amyloidoses are a group of protein-misfolding disorders that are characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in organs and / or tissues.
aa amyloid fibrils are abnormal β-sheet-rich forms of the serum precursor saa , with conformational changes that promote fibril formation.
extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils causes disease in affected animals.
recent findings suggest that aa amyloidosis could be transmissible.
similar to the pathogenesis of transmissible prion diseases , amyloid fibrils induce a seeding-nucleation process that may lead to development of aa amyloidosis.
we review studies of possible transmission in bovine , avian , mouse , and cheetah aa amyloidosis.
cognition arises as a result of coordinated processing among distributed brain regions and disruptions to communication within these neural networks can result in cognitive dysfunction.
cortical disconnection may thus contribute to the declines in some aspects of cognitive functioning observed in healthy aging.
we outline a number of future directions that will broaden our current understanding of these brain-behavior relationships in aging.
taken together , these findings may reflect a generalized reduction in inhibitory processes.
the present study assessed whether the decline in the efficacy of pain inhibition processes is associated with decreased cognitive inhibition in older persons.
the stroop effect was significantly larger in elderly participants in the inhibition trials of the switching condition.
this association was independent from the age-related slowing observed in control reading and naming tasks.
a microneedle fractional radiofrequency ( mfr ) device was recently developed and is a novel and promising tool.
objective : this study compares the effects of these two treatment modalities on periorbital static wrinkles and lines.
methods : twelve healthy women aged 20-59 years with periorbital wrinkles participated in this study.
each patient received one session of intradermal injection of bont / a on the left periorbital area and three sessions of mfr on the right.
clinical improvement , skin elasticity and subjective satisfaction were evaluated at every visit ( baseline , @number@ @number@ and @number@ weeks ) .
results : bont / a injection showed superior effects at @number@ and @number@ weeks.
however , the mfr device showed better improvement at @number@ weeks.
the patient satisfaction surveys at @number@ weeks showed better satisfaction on the bont / a treatment side compared to the mfr treatment side.
at @number@ weeks , there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction between the two sides.
conclusion : bont / a injection rapidly improved periorbital wrinkles , but the effect decreased up to week @number@
compared to bont / a injection , mfr therapy showed gradual and long-term improvement in periorbital rejuvenation.
the assessments were completed by independent housing sites in collage , a non-profit , national senior housing consortium.
thirteen items were identified by the logistic regression to predict drivers whose driving behavior was questioned by others.
two additional measures assess cognitive status : short-term memory problem and a diagnosis of non-alzheimers dementia.
the final three clinical measures reflect compromised vision , little interest or pleasure in things normally enjoyed , and diarrhea.
there is a need for simple and quickly identified screening tools to identify those older adults whose driving should be reviewed.
the dri , based on the interrai cha , fills this void.
we investigated the role of the basement membrane ( bm ) proteins nidogen-1 and nidogen-2 for the development of experimental cnv.
the influence of vegf and bfgf on the mrna expression of nidogen-1 was studied in vitro.
nidogen-2 protein is also found in these bms but with a weaker expression in the ilm.
laser treatment led to up-regulation of nidogen-1 protein expression in the sclera / choroid of nidogen-2 deficient or wt mice.
the treatment of huvecs with vegf leads to a reduced expression of nidogen-1 mrna whereas its expression remained unchanged in rpe cells.
in this sense nidogen-1 is essential to provide an anti-angiogenic environment of differentiated vessels.
the samples were assigned to two groups as follows : lesion and remote cartilage were adjacent to and remote from the osteoarthritic cartilage , respectively.
histological grade was determined according to the mankin score.
the cs concentration and chain length were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) and gel filtration chromatography , respectively.
expression of the gene encoding cs glycosyltransferase was evaluated using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) assay.
these results were compared between lesion and remote cartilage.
results : the mankin score indicated that lesion cartilage was more degraded compared with remote cartilage.
three genes encoding cs glycosyltransferases ( chpf , csgalnact1 , csgalnact2 ) were expressed at lower levels in lesion cartilage.
inhibition of cs glycosyltransferase gene expression may reduce cs chain length , which may contribute to oa progression.
this impaired ecfc angiogenic potential was not associated with a quantitative modification of the circulating endothelial compartment.
conclusions : the procedure of local ischemia , although reulting in a preserved endothelial reactivity , did not mobilize ecfcs but altered their angiogenic potential.
background : asymmetric dimethylarginine ( adma ) , an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase , increase with advancing age and menopausal status.
adma plays a role in endothelial dysfunction and increasing arterial stiffness.
regular aerobic exercise has a positive effect on arterial function ( i.e. , arterial compliance ) .
this study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training on plasma adma concentrations and arterial compliance in postmenopausal women.
before and after each intervention , plasma adma concentrations and carotid arterial compliance were measured in all participants.
results : the baseline plasma adma concentrations , carotid arterial compliance , and most other key dependent variables did not differ between the @number@ groups.
conclusions : we demonstrated that aerobic exercise training significantly decreased plasma adma concentrations with increase in carotid arterial compliance in postmenopausal women.
these results suggest that reduction in adma may play an important role in the aerobic exercise training-induced increase in arterial compliance.
to our knowledge , it has not been reported previously nor has it been the subject of study.
sustained voice activation is a useful examination maneuver that may elicit or amplify head tremor in et.
head tremor is not reported to occur in patients with enhanced physiological tremor.
objective : the human body changes as it becomes older.
the automotive safety community has been interested in understanding the effect of age on restraint performance.
focus has been placed on characterizing the body's structural changes associated with age and gender.
in this study , spine alignment and torso depth were assessed , because both variables have been shown to affect injury risk.
methods : the data was obtained from computed tomography ( ct ) scans of more than @number@ patients aged @number@ and older.
the data consisted of thoracic and lumbar vertebral angles relative to a fixed plane , as well as vertebra-to-front skin and spine-to-back skin distances.
angle measurements were taken in the sagittal plane at each vertebra level from t1 to l5 ; distance measurements were taken from t6 to l5.
results : vertebral angles were different depending on location.
they varied from @number@ ± @number@.9° at t2 to @number@ ± @number@.6° at l1.
the vertebral angles also varied with age.
angles in the older male group were @number@ times larger at t1 and @number@ times larger at t7 than in the young male group.
similar findings were observed for females.
the effect of age and gender was modeled with forward / backward selection using a regression model.
the vertebra-to-front skin distance also differed depending on vertebral level.
it was highest at t10 at @number@ ± @number@ mm and lowest at l4 at @number@ ± @number@ mm for the entire study population.
on average , males had larger distances than females.
the spine-to-back distances were greatest in the lumbar area.
the spine-to-back distance increased with lower vertebral level , regardless of age.
the vertebral angle and distance data were analyzed for a male subgroup approximating the height and weight of a 50th percentile male dummy.
the results showed that the vertebra-to-front skin distance increased with age.
there was not a clear trend for the spine-to-back skin distance and l1 vertebral angle.
the effect was greatest in the mid-thoracic area.
supplemental materials are available for this article.
go to the publisher's online edition of traffic injury prevention to view the supplemental file.
despite initial interest in the use of phospholipids ( pls ) for arcd , in recent years there has been a hiatus in such research.
phospholipids derived from milk proteins represent one potential candidate treatment.
participants will undergo testing at baseline , @number@ days and @number@ days.
the primary outcome is a composite memory score from the rey auditory verbal learning test.
allelic differences in the apolipoprotein e and ( apoe ) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( mthfr ) gene will be included for subgroup analysis.
this study will enable evaluation of the efficacy of milk-derived phospholipids for aami , and their mechanisms of action.
effective management of care transitions for older adults require the coordinated expertise of an interprofessional team.
unfortunately , different health care professions are rarely educated together or trained in teamwork skills.
twenty students representing six professions completed the course ; @number@ completed all self-efficacy and course evaluation surveys.
learner feedback emphasized the importance of enthusiastic and well-prepared faculty , interactive learning experiences , and engagement in relevant work.
this course offers a promising approach to shifting the paradigm of health professions education to empower graduates to promote quality improvement through team-based care.
this study explored person-centred , multidimensional , empirically-derived profiles of psychosocial functioning in the elderly and related each trajectory to differing configurations of swb.
method : a community-based , convenience sample of spanish institutionalised and non-institutionalised elders voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study.
furthermore , such trajectories were associated with the elders ' living condition.
the happiest elders were more likely to be home-dwelling elders ; however , there were fewer unhappy elders among those who were institutionalised.
lens opacification or cataract reduces vision in over @number@ million people worldwide and blinds @number@ million.
these numbers will increase dramatically as both the size of the elderly demographic and the number of those with carbohydrate metabolism-related problems increase.
preventative measures for cataract are critical because the availability of cataract surgery in much of the world is insufficient.
the limited data from intervention trials provide some support for observational studies with regard to nuclear - but not other types of - cataracts.
pelvic floor alterations during menopausal years , resulting from aging and hormonal decline , may lead to several forms of sexual dysfunction.
dyspareunia-pain during sexual intercourse-is among the most frequent.
nevertheless , few studies so far have evaluated pelvic floor muscle function in postmenopausal women with dyspareunia.
in addition , sexual function ( using the female sexual function index ) and quality of life ( using the cervantes scale ) were assessed.
there were no statistically significant differences in resting muscle activity , maximal voluntary contraction , and sustained contraction between women with and without dyspareunia.
objectives : to examine the relationship between frequent falls in older drivers and motor vehicle collision ( mvc ) involvement.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : north central alabama.
participants : population-based sample of @number@ licensed drivers aged @number@ and older.
measurements : self-reported history of falling two or more times in the prior year was the main predictor.
outcomes were any mvc or at-fault mvc in the prior year.
results : approximately @percent@ of older drivers reported having fallen two or more times in the prior year.
conclusion : frequent falling was associated with at-fault mvc involvement of older drivers , especially whites.
history of falling can be used to identify individuals at risk of mvc involvement and to begin a dialogue about driver safety.
second , we hypothesized that differences in directional connectivity are associated with differences in religiosity.
our results supported both hypotheses.
perception of sas engaged pathways involved in fear regulation and affective tom.
religious beliefs are founded both on propositional statements for doctrine , but also on episodic memory and imagery.
beliefs based on doctrine engaged a pathway from broca's to wernicke's language areas.
beliefs related to everyday life experiences engaged pathways involved in imagery.
beliefs implying less involved sas and evoking imagery activated a pathway from right lateral temporal to occipital regions.
insights gained by granger connectivity analysis inform us about the causal binding of individual regions activated during religious belief processing.
design : cluster randomized trial.
setting : community ( n = 4 ) and veterans affairs ( va ) nhs ( n = 4 ) .
participants : staff in any role with resident contact ( n = 497 ) .
intervention : nhs received falls alone ( control ) or connect followed by falls ( intervention ) , each delivered over @number@ months.
connect used storytelling , relationship mapping , mentoring , self-monitoring , and feedback to help staff identify communication gaps and practice interaction strategies.
falls included group training , modules , teleconferences , academic detailing , and audit and feedback.
a random sample of resident charts was abstracted for fall risk reduction documentation ( n = 651 ) .
change in facility fall rates was an exploratory outcome.
focus groups were conducted to explore changes in organizational learning.
older people with asthma are a discrete patient group that requires specialist nursing skills and knowledge.
it is necessary to focus on both asthma and ageing to help older people achieve good asthma outcomes.
the present study reports the natural mycobiota occurring in dry-cured hams , and in particular on the incidence of mycotoxin-producing fungi.
the results show that fungi were more frequently isolated from the aging stage and that the predominant filamentous fungal genus isolated was penicillium.
seventy-four of the @number@ fungal strains were selected for identification at the species level by using morphological criteria and internal transcribed spacers sequencing.
of the @number@ fungal strains , @number@ were penicillium strains.
sixteen penicillium species were identified , with p. commune ( @number@ strains ) and p. chrysogenum ( @number@ strains ) being the most abundant.
the results indicated that @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ fungal strains produced cpa.
worth noting is the high percentage of cpa-producing strains of p. commune ( @percent@ ) of which some strains were highly toxigenic.
p. polonicum strains were also highly toxigenic.
with respect to ota-producing fungi , a low percentage of fungal strains ( @percent@ ) were able to produce ota at moderate levels.
ota-producing fungi belonged to different penicillium species including p. chrysogenum , p. commune , p. polonicum and p. verrucosum.
these results indicate that there is a possible risk factor posed by cpa and ota contamination of dry-cured hams.
cellular aging occurs by the lifelong accumulation of oxidative damage leading to neuronal apoptosis , termed ' neurodegeneration' , and the functional deficits of aging.
loss of visual function is one of the most important quality of life measures for older adults.
for semantically incongruent stimuli , discrimination accuracy was significantly improved during distributed relative to focused attention.
furthermore , event-related neural processing showed intact crossmodal integration in higher performing older adults similar to younger adults.
thus , there was insufficient evidence to support an age-related deficit in crossmodal attention.
background : in the aging population cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is highly prevalent.
identification of very old persons at high risk of recurrent cvd is difficult , since traditional risk markers loose predictive value with age.
results : during complete 5-year follow-up @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) had a cardiovascular event or died from cardiovascular causes.
a prediction model including all traditional risk markers yielded a c-statistic of @number@ ( 95%ci @number@.52-0.66 ) .
of all five new markers only addition of nt-probnp improved the c-statistic ( @number@ ( 95%ci @number@.61-0.74 , p = 0.023 ) ) .
conclusions : among very old subjects with established cvd , nt-probnp was the strongest risk marker for cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality.
when estimating risk in secondary prevention in very old age , use of nt-probnp should be considered.
aβ is a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein ( app ) .
presenilin @number@ ( ps1 ) and presenilin @number@ ( ps2 ) are the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase , which cleaves app and mediates aβ production.
genetic mutations in app , psen1 or psen2 can lead to early onset of familial ad ( fad ) .
subsequent behavioral studies revealed that the app / ps1 / htau mice showed reduced mobility in old ages and exaggerated fear response.
analysis of the mice revealed both cooperative and independent effects of aβ and p-tau.
we explored whether unemployment in early adulthood is associated with shorter ltl , a potential biomarker of premature aging.
methods : we used data from @number@ men and women belonging to the northern finland birth cohort @number@
mean ltl at follow-up was measured by multiplex quantitative real-time pcr.
the corresponding odds ratio was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) in the fully adjusted model.
such an association was not found among women in this study.
conclusions : long-term unemployment in early adulthood is associated with shorter ltl among men.
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is one of the major diabetic complications and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
purple corn has been utilized as a daily food and exerts disease-preventive activities.
this study was designed to investigate whether anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract ( pce ) prevented glomerular angiogenesis under hyperglycemic conditions.
human endothelial cells were cultured in conditioned media of mesangial cells exposed to @number@ mm high glucose ( hg-hrmc-cm ) .
pce decreased endothelial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) and hypoxia inducible factor ( hif ) -1α induced by hg-hrmc-cm.
endothelial tube formation promoted by hg-hrmc-cm was disrupted in the presence of pce.
pce diminished the mesangial and endothelial induction of angiopoietin ( angpt ) proteins under hypeglycemic conditions.
the induction and activation of vegf receptor @number@ ( vegfr2 ) were dampened by treating pce to db / db mice.
therefore , pce may be a potent therapeutic agent targeting abnormal angiogenesis in dn leading to kidney failure.
patients and methods : seventy elderly residents in a long term care facility were included in this study.
test characteristics of item two of the csi ( suicidal thoughts ) and mini were compared.
the level of agreement across all three instruments was good ( gwet's ac1 = 0.907 ) .
therefore , it shows promise as a measure for screening the presence of suicidal thoughts among the elderly in long term care facilities.
results : the proportion of older plwha increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @time@ % in @number@
sexual transmission was the main route , accounting for @percent@ of infections in this group.
conclusion : the number of older plwha increased steadily over the study period in low hiv endemic provinces of a developing country.
later discovery and preexisting disease perhaps contributed to a shorter estimated survival time for older plwha and higher mortality.
several recent studies suggest that systemic aging in metazoans is differentially affected by functional decline in specific tissues , such as skeletal muscle.
aging p38 mapk mutant flies display accelerated motor function decline , concomitant with an enhanced accumulation of detergent-insoluble protein aggregates in thoracic muscles.
variations in the hormonal milieu after menopause may influence neural processes concerned with cognition , cognitive aging , and mood , but findings are inconsistent.
women were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and assessed with the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
they provided serum for free estradiol , estrone , progesterone , free testosterone , and sex hormone binding globulin measurements.
cognitive outcomes were standardized composite measures of verbal episodic memory , executive functions , and global cognition.
covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted for each hormone separately and after adjustment for other hormone levels.
endogenous sex steroid levels were unassociated with cognitive composites , but sex hormone binding globulin was positively associated with verbal memory.
hormone concentrations were not significantly related to mood.
breast cancer represents the second most frequent etiology of brain metastasis ( bm ) .
it is estimated that 10-30 % of patients with breast cancer are diagnosed with bm.
breast cancer bm are increasing due to the aging population , detection of subclinical disease , and better control of systemic disease.
bm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting neurocognition , speech , coordination , behavior , and quality of life.
despite numerous trials , the range of interpretation of these has resulted in differing treatment perspectives.
this paper is a review of the state of the art and a multidisciplinary guideline on strategies to improve the therapeutic index in this situation.
these are currently the subject of discussion in immunology , but completely unexplored in cancer biology.
we set out to investigate the role of il-30 in prostate carcinogenesis and its effects on human prostate cancer ( hpca ) cells.
il-30 regulation of hpca cell viability and expression of selected gene clusters was tested by flow cytometry and pcr array.
purpose : to quantitatively assess the histological and ultrastructural changes resulting from aging in the human testis.
testicular samples derived from @number@ young men were used for control.
results : the numbers of sertoli cells in the aged groups were significantly lower than that in the controls ( p < @number@ ) .
a similar degenerative pattern of the organelles was shown in germ cells and sertoli cells in the aging testes under tem.
conclusions : aging has negative influence on testicular morphology and spermatogenesis , and the failure of spermatogenic cell development is evident from the spermatid level.
regorafenib did not appear to compromise health-related quality of life over the study duration and had a generally acceptable tolerability profile.
the introduction of regorafenib expands the currently limited range of effective treatment options in patients with previously treated , progressive mcrc.
background : physical activity is associated with improved overall health in those people who survive to older ages , otherwise conceptualised as healthy ageing.
previous studies have examined the effects of mid-life physical activity on healthy ageing , but not the effects of taking up activity later in life.
we examined the association between physical activity and healthy ageing over @number@ years of follow-up.
self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline ( 2002-2003 ) and through follow-up.
results : at follow-up , @percent@ of the sample was defined as healthy ageing.
conclusions : sustained physical activity in older age is associated with improved overall health.
significant health benefits were even seen among participants who became physically active relatively late in life.
purpose : anisometropia shows an exponential increase in prevalence with increasing age based on cross-sectional studies.
anisometropia defined as greater than or equal to @number@ d was calculated for all refractive components.
the subjects had intact ocular lenses in both eyes throughout the study.
lens evaluations were performed at the second test using the lens opacities classification system iii.
results : all refractive components approximately doubled in prevalence of anisometropia.
spherical equivalent anisometropia changed from @number@ to @percent@.
the onset of anisometropia occurred at all ages within the studied age range , with no particular preference for any one age.
a small number lost anisometropia over time.
clinicians need to be aware of this common condition that could lead to binocular vision problems and potentially cause falls in the elderly.
context : studies of the influence of sex , age , and body weight on tsh secretion are not unanimous.
most reports are based on a single tsh measurement ; studies using frequent blood sampling are scarce and include a limited number of selected subjects.
objective : the goal was to investigate tsh dynamics in @number@ healthy adults.
methods : tsh was measured by a sensitive immunofluorometric assay.
secretion parameters were quantified by automated deconvolution , approximate entropy [ apen ] , spikiness , and diurnal properties.
results : mean age was @number@ years ( range , 22-77 y ) .
daily tsh secretion was @number@ mu / l ( range , @number@.0-207 mu / l ) .
bmi was positively related to basal secretion.
total secretion correlated negatively with free t₄ ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the onset of the nocturnal surge was delayed by increasing bmi and advanced by increasing age.
apen and spikiness correlated positively with age , especially in men.
the @time@ sample correlated strongly with the total 24-hour secretion , explaining two-thirds of the variability.
apen in the elderly , especially men , is increased , pointing to a less tight feedback control.
furthermore , aging is associated with advance shifting of the tsh rhythm , which is a phenomenon also observed in other biological rhythms.
passive stretching is commonly recommended to help reduce passive stiffness in older adults , yet their acute viscoelastic stretch responses are still unclear.
the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age on the acute viscoelastic responses to a practical stretching intervention.
passive stiffness was calculated as the slope of the angle-torque curve at 10° angle of dorsiflexion.
no age related differences were found for either the absolute or relative creep responses ( p ≥ @number@ ) .
passive stiffness was also greater in the older men ( p = @number@ ) .
for many years aging research was confined to statistics , psychology , and socioeconomic aspects of old age.
however , today the study of aging is one of the most attractive and prosperous fields in biology.
such interventions have also been successful in mammals , proving the principle that discoveries in invertebrates can be evolutionarily relevant to humans.
by studying these individuals , they hope to unravel the genetic signatures that promote healthy ageing and long life.
the authors examined the neural correlates of emotion processing and how they relate to individual differences in optimism among older adults.
brain response during processing of fearful faces was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging in @number@ older adults and was correlated with level of optimism.
relationships persisted after taking into account cortical thickness , amygdala volume , and resting perfusion.
findings have potential implications for the promotion of successful aging.
hip fracture remains a major health problem for the elderly.
clinical studies have assessed fracture risk based on bone quality in the aging population and cadaveric testing has quantified bone strength and fracture loads.
prior modeling has primarily focused on quantifying the strain distribution in bone as an indicator of fracture risk.
five specimen-specific femur models were developed from in vitro experiments under a simulated stance loading condition.
specimen-specific intertrochanteric fractures were induced by subjecting the femur models to a sideways fall and repaired with a contemporary implant.
xfem modeling shows potential as a macro-level analysis enabling fracture investigations of clinical cohorts , including at-risk groups , and the design of robust implants.
comparisons of the adjusted mean scores on the eq-5d index between normal and abnormal sppb groups were performed.
we selected the quartiles of the eq-5d index variables for the analysis.
the association between the eq-5d index and sppb abnormality was examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis.
additionally , the associations between gait speed and chair stand time and the eq-5d index were examined using the same analysis.
results : four hundred and twenty-two subjects were included in the analysis.
conclusions : an abnormal sppb score was associated with lower qol.
thus , the sppb has the potential to be used as an early predictor of declining qol in clinical settings and epidemiological studies.
iron deficiency anaemia is prevalent in older age , particularly after the age of @number@
serum ferritin concentrations also decline , although there is no evidence to suggest that changes in iron stores are an inevitable consequence of ageing.
other contributory factors are poor diet and some medications , such as aspirin.
anaemia in older age has undesirable health outcomes , including increased susceptibility to falling and depression.
regulation of wnt signaling is crucial for embryonic development and adult homeostasis.
gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mammalian cell lines and xenopus embryos demonstrate that sdc4 and fn inhibit wnt / β-catenin signaling.
epistatic and biochemical experiments show that this inhibition occurs at the cell membrane level through regulation of lrp6.
white matter lesions , also termed white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) , on t2-weighted mr images , are common in the elderly population.
of note , their presence is often accompanied with cognitive decline and the risk of dementia.
compared with met homozygotes , val homozygotes showed significantly inferior short-term memory ( stm ) performance ( p = @number@ ) .
val homozygotes presented steeper negative correlation compared to met carriers.
mediation analysis also demonstrated that wmh in temporal , limbic , and subcortical regions might mediate the relationship between bdnf's genetic effect and stm performance.
no differences could be outlined about multiple sclerosis clinical form of the disease.
nevertheless , further trials are needed in order to confirm such considerations.
smoking is the greatest risk factor for both chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial lung disease.
comparative examination of pathogenic mechanisms of smoke-induced lung disease can shed light on the homeostatic pathways critical to maintaining lung health.
in this review , we explore common and divergent biological forces tilting the lung homeostatic balance away from health and toward emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis.
we emphasize recent insights that highlight the greatest contrasts or similarities in the pathogenesis of these two chronic lung disease phenotypes.
our open vocabulary dla approach finds words , phrases , and topics that distinguish groups of people based on @number@ or more characteristics.
our comprehensive list of words and topics is available on our web site for deeper exploration by the research community.
background : vitamin d is associated with lung health in epidemiologic studies , but mechanisms mediating observed associations are poorly understood.
methods : microarray analysis investigated the association of gene expression in small airway epithelial cells with serum 25 ( oh ) d in adult non-smokers.
conclusions : sgpp2 , a sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase , is a novel vitamin d-responsive gene associated with lung function.
the identified associations will need to be followed up in further studies.
methods : we conducted six focus groups.
two investigators independently coded transcripts for thematic content using editing style analysis.
codes were grouped into conceptual themes using consensus process.
results : thirty-five hiv-positive patients with diabetes or hypertension participated.
addressing these issues may improve outcomes in the aging hiv-positive population.
objective : the 2f2-f1 dpoae is not as popular as the 2f1-f2 dpoae in the clinical realm as it is not as robust.
however , it does have an advantage of being a predominantly reflection emission.
the reflection component has been found to be sensitive to cochlear damage.
our objective was to compare the two types of dpoae to track subtle changes due to aging.
study sample : young adults and middle-aged adults with normal hearing sensitivity participated in the experiment.
both ears of all participants were tested.
this corresponded with statistically significant reductions in the reflection component of the 2f1-f2 dpoae.
reductions in the 2f2-f1 dpoae were found with both , high-level and low-level primaries.
conclusions : these results highlight the advantages of analysing fine structure data of the 2f2-f1 dpoae to track subtle cochlear changes in response to aging.
at baseline and @number@ mo , serum fatty acids , bone turnover , and inflammatory markers were analyzed.
bone resorption was inhibited in the fish oil responders compared to placebo ( p < @number@ ) .
inflammatory markers were not altered.
methods : one thousand eight hundred seventy-five participants seeking biennial health checkup were enrolled from a nationwide distribution of randomly selected registry of primary clinics.
putative symptoms and comorbidities were assessed for serum testosterone-dependent prevalence change , independent of age.
patient body habitus measurements and history of associated comorbidities were also described.
the dependent variables included the age-specific prevalence of decreased testosterone and the probability of tds-specific symptoms.
results : grossly @percent@ of the participants fell into the criteria for tds.
testosterone was highly age dependent , and most putative symptoms of tds showed significant age dependence but was not affected by serum testosterone levels.
furthermore , these symptoms were also affected at different serum testosterone thresholds.
conclusions : most symptoms and diseases thought to be associated with tds are primarily age dependent.
few sexual symptoms and diseases such as hypertension , diabetes , and obesity show testosterone dependence only at older ages.
the diversity in rates of aging observed in nature suggests that the rate at which age-specific selection weakens is determined by species-specific ecological factors.
we propose that , in iteroparous species , relationships between parental age , offspring birth order , and environment may affect selection on senescence.
later-born siblings have , on average , older parents than do first borns.
offspring born to older parents may experience different environments in terms of family support or inherited resources , factors often mediated by competition from siblings.
thus , age-specific selection on parents may change if the environment produces birth-order related gradients in reproductive success.
we use an age-and-stage structured population model to investigate the impact of sibling environmental inequality on the expected evolution of senescence.
we show that accelerated senescence evolves when later-born siblings are likely to experience an environment detrimental to lifetime reproduction.
ncds cluster and co-morbidities increase in parallel to age.
pleiotropic genes and genetic variants have been identified by genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) linking ncd entities hitherto thought to be distant in etiology.
these different lines of evidence suggest that ncd disease mechanisms are in part shared.
the prerequisite to investigate causal risk patterns including biologic , genetic and environmental factors across different ncds are well characterized cohorts with associated biobanks.
summary : future epidemiologic and public health research should aim at sustaining a comprehensive systems view on health and disease.
the entire japanese public was profoundly affected by \ " @date@ . \ "
the risk of radiation exposure initially delayed the medical response , prolonging the recovery efforts.
about @number@ jmats comprising nearly @number@ health workers were launched.
subsequently , jmats ii have been providing long-term continuing medical support to disaster-affected areas.
however , japan is at great risk for future natural disasters because of its pacific rim location.
primary outcome was effect of treatment on hypogonadal symptoms and quality of life as assessed by aging males ' symptoms ( ams ) scale.
younger age quartiles showed greater improvements in ams , mfi , bmi , and waist circumference than older quartiles.
iief scores , however , did not differ significantly by age category.
conclusions : substantial improvements in hypogonadal symptoms , quality of life , fatigue , erectile dysfunction , and libido / sexual desire were observed.
adverse drug reactions were experienced by @percent@ of the safety population over the 6-month study period.
knowledge on the variation of f2rl3 methylation by various degrees of smoking exposure is still very sparse.
objectives : we aimed to assess dose-response relationships of current and lifetime active smoking exposure with f2rl3 methylation.
clear inverse dose-response relationships with f2rl3 methylation intensity were seen for both current intensity and lifetime pack-years of smoking.
hp was defined as a condition with thickening of the cranial or spinal dura mater with inflammation , evidenced by mri or histology.
results : crude hp prevalence was @number@.949 / 100 @number@ population.
the mean age at onset was @number@.3±15.8 years.
seventy cases ( @percent@ ) were classified as ' idiopathic ' and @number@ ( @percent@ ) as ' others'.
igg4 / mfs-related hp cases showed a marked male predominance ; all had cranial hp while none had isolated spinal hp or decreased sensation.
conclusions : hp is not extremely rare.
anca-related hp is the most frequent form , followed by igg4 / mfs-related hp.
both forms have unique features , which may help to differentiate background causes.
background : ' active ageing ' has been promoted as a strategy for extending quality of life and healthy life expectancy.
multivariable analysis was used to analyse associations between baseline activity and outcomes at follow-up controlling for socioeconomic , demographic and health-related variables at baseline.
multiple imputation techniques and sensitivity analyses were undertaken to investigate possible bias arising from sample attrition.
engagement in formal and informal activities was not significantly associated with health at follow-up.
conclusions : engagement in paid work may help maintain health in later life , although mechanisms and contextual influences need further investigation.
dental composites develop residual stresses during polymerization due to shrinkage.
these stresses may change with time because of relaxation and water sorption in the oral environment.
water sorption , solubility , elastic modulus , and residual stresses were measured in @number@ commercial composites / cements aged in water and dry conditions.
the self-adhesive resin cement showed the highest water sorption and solubility.
all composites showed initial residual contraction stresses , which were maintained when aged dry.
residual stresses in @number@ of the self-adhesive cements and the polyacid-modified composite aged in wet conditions resulted in a net expansion.
advancing age is associated with decrements in selective attention.
it was recently hypothesized that age-related differences in selective attention depend on sensory modality.
the goal of the present study was to investigate the role of sensory modality in age-related vulnerability to distraction , using a response interference task.
the results showed that response interference effects differ across sensory modalities , but not across age groups.
these results indicate that sensory modality plays an important role in vulnerability to distraction , but not in age-related distractibility by irrelevant spatial information.
the gh / igf-i axis has essential roles in regulating bone and vascular status.
the age-related decrease in gh secretion ( \ "somatopause \ " ) may contribute to osteoporosis and atherosclerosis , commonly observed in the elderly.
however , the bone and vascular impact of lifetime ghd on the aging process remains unknown.
areal bmd was measured , and vbmd was calculated at the lumbar spine and total hip.
vertebral fractures and abdominal aortic calcifications ( expressed as calcium score ) were also assessed.
areal bmd was lower in ighd , but vbmd was similar in the two groups.
the percent of fractured individuals was similar , but the mean number of fractures per individual was lower in ighd than co.
calcium score was similar in the two groups.
a positive correlation was found between calcium score and number of fractures.
untreated lifetime ighd has beneficial consequences on bone status and does not have a deleterious effect on abdominal aorta calcification.
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) involving demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes.
development of eae requires infiltration of inflammatory cytokine-generating monocytes and macrophages , and auto-reactive t cells , into the cns.
cd49d is an alpha subunit of the vla-4 ( α4β1 ) integrin.
as101 treatment markedly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels , while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
in contrast , as101 treatment did not affect the peripheral populations of cd11b ( + ) monocytes and macrophages.
as101 treatment reduced the infiltration of cd4 ( + ) and cd49 ( + ) / vla4 t cells.
because of insufficiencies in tumor vasculature , cells often are exposed to a hostile microenvironment that is low in oxygen ( hypoxic ) and nutrients.
eradicating specifically these hypoxic cells is one of the many goals of anticancer therapies.
the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel ( vdac ) is a protein at the crossroads of metabolic and survival pathways.
as its name suggests , vdac is involved in ion transport as well as adenosine triphosphate and nad ( + ) transport.
we recently reported the presence in tumor cells of a novel hypoxia-induced form of vdac.
furthermore , vdac1-δc was detected in tissues of @number@ % of @number@ patients with lung cancer.
this review examines the significance of this new form of vdac1 for anticancer therapy.
background and aims : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most frequent arrhythmia in elderly patients.
methods : we studied @number@ patients ( age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
hippocampal sclerosis of ageing is a prevalent brain disease that afflicts older persons and has been linked with cerebrovascular pathology.
arteriolosclerosis is a subtype of cerebrovascular pathology characterized by concentrically thickened arterioles.
the present analyses incorporate @number@ cases of autopsy-proven hippocampal sclerosis of ageing and @number@ controls.
case-control comparisons were performed including digital pathological assessments for detailed analyses of blood vessel morphology.
individuals with hippocampal sclerosis of ageing pathology did not show increased rates of clinically documented hypertension , diabetes , or other cardiac risk factors.
the correlation between arteriolosclerosis and hippocampal sclerosis of ageing pathology was strong in multiple brain regions outside of the hippocampus.
this enables informative evaluation of anatomical regions outside of the hippocampus.
a total of @number@ @number@ smooth muscle actin-positive vascular profiles and @number@ @number@ cd34-positive vascular profiles were evaluated.
unlike the arterioles , cd34-immunoreactive capillaries had dimensions that were unchanged in cases with hippocampal sclerosis of ageing versus controls.
arteriolosclerosis appears specific to hippocampal sclerosis of ageing brains , because brains with alzheimer's disease pathology did not show the same morphological alterations.
we evaluated racial / ethnic differences in dementia and potential explanatory factors among older diabetic patients.
we fit cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age , sex , education , diabetes duration , and markers of clinical control.
results dementia was diagnosed in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
adjustment for diabetes-related complications and neighborhood deprivation index did not change the results.
adjustment for sociodemographics , diabetes-related complications , and markers of clinical control did not explain observed differences.
future studies should investigate why these differences exist and ways to reduce them.
background : decreasing physical mobility largely defines our idea of ageing.
frailty is generally considered to be a degenerative but normal age-related condition in elder people.
thus tractive forces are reduced but at the cost of reduced elasticity.
as the connective tissue is interspersed with mechanoreceptors that are sensitive to pressure induced externally , affected structures are accessible for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention.
background : the increased need for professional expertise in the domain of aging is accompanied by a lack of academic experts in geropsychology.
all gerontology courses hold a substantial focus on geropsychology ; however , only @number@ courses are available ( @number@ master , @number@ bachelor ) .
conclusion : there is urgent need to expand the number of graduates with academic education and clinical training in geropsychology and -psychotherapy.
some researchers claim that health care expenditures for older people are growing faster than for the rest of the population.
this process is referred to as steepening.
the aim of this paper is to test steepening , applying new data and revised methods.
we also present the mechanisms that may induce steepening , as presented in the literature.
our analysis does not reject steepening , with the exception of the 0-year-olds.
the results also hold when controlling for mortality-related expenditures.
furthermore , we observe an increase in expenditures for the 0-year-olds.
finally , we find increasing mortality-related expenditures over time.
in spite of the potential benefits , some concerns have been raised.
however , the potential disadvantages are that blue light filtering could negatively affect scotopic vision and circadian rhythms in older patients.
summary : these advantages and disadvantages of blue light filtering iols have not been proven clinically and thus many questions remain.
in cataract surgery , considerations such as preexisting amd , night vision problems or sleep problems may be considered with the choice of iol.
the thymus is the primary organ responsible for de novo generation of immunocompetent t cells that have a diverse repertoire of antigen recognition.
during the developmental process , @percent@ of thymocytes die by apoptosis.
finally , caspase-8 is involved in glucocortocoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis through an activation loop with the protein gilz.
gilz activates caspase-8 , promoting gilz sumoylation and its protection from proteasomal degradation.
further examination showed that celergen enhanced expression of the p21 ( cipl1waf1 ) , gadd153 genes and downregulated the c-myc gene.
these results suggest that celergen exerts promising chemopreventive properties to be further investigated.
gains and losses in dna methylation are prominent features of mammalian cell types.
canyon borders are demarked by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and become eroded in the absence of dna methyltransferase 3a ( dnmt3a ) .
genes dysregulated in human leukemias are enriched for canyon-associated genes.
the new epigenetic landscape we describe may provide a mechanism for the regulation of hematopoiesis and may contribute to leukemia development.
at the same time , elder abuse is independently associated with significant morbidity and premature mortality.
despite these findings , there is a great paucity in research , practice , and policy dealing with this pervasive issue.
in this paper , i review the epidemiology of elder abuse as well as key practical issues in dealing with the cases of elder abuse.
lastly , i highlight major research gaps and future policy relevant research directions to advance the field of elder abuse.
interdisciplinary and community-based efforts are needed to devise effective strategies to detect , treat , and prevent elder abuse in our increasingly diverse aging populations.
collective advocacy and policy advances are needed to create a national infrastructure to protect the vulnerable older adults.
design and methods : in study @number@ we sampled @number@ older persons to verify our hypothetical model in a cross-sectional survey.
we assessed generative concern , generative action , perceived rejection from younger people , and psychological well-being.
in study @number@ the same measures and a new scale to measure perceived respect from younger people were administered in a longitudinal survey.
four hundred older adults responded at @number@ time points , @number@ months apart.
results : path analysis showed that the effect of generative action on ill-being was mediated by perceived rejection and respect from younger generations.
perceived respect from younger generations at baseline predicted an increase in generative concern @number@ months later.
implications : the results suggest that positive intergenerational interaction leads to generativity development and better well-being in old age.
kaufman's work has ongoing relevance to gerontological research on embodiment , chronic illness , and later life social transitions.
their research has continued relevance to contemporary gerontological scholarship and practice , signaling both prevailing and emergent agendas for anthropologically informed gerontology.
hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs-aging ) neuropathology was observed in more than @percent@ of aged individuals in prior studies.
clinical and comorbid pathological features linked to hs-aging pathology were analyzed using national alzheimer's coordinating center ( nacc ) data.
among participants who died between 2005-2012 ( n = @number@ ) , additional analyses identified clinical and pathological features associated with hs-aging pathology.
we also compared cognitive testing and longevity outcomes between hs-aging cases and a subsample with non-tauopathy ftld ( n = @number@ ) .
reporting of hs-aging pathology increased dramatically among adcs in recent years , to nearly @percent@ of autopsies in @number@
participants with relatively \ "pure \ " hs-aging pathology were often diagnosed clinically as having probable ( @percent@ ) or possible ( @percent@ ) ad.
however , the co-occurrence of hs-aging pathology and ad neuropathology ( ad-np ) did not indicate any pattern of correlation between the two pathologies.
patients with hs-aging live considerably longer than patients with non-tauopathy ftld.
telomere composition changes during tumourigenesis , aging and in telomere syndromes in a poorly defined manner.
with qtip , we specifically enrich telomeric dna and all shelterin components.
our results validate qtip to study telomeric states during normal development and in disease.
objectives : it is commonplace for people to complain about being tired.
we use a diary-based method to overcome these limitations in a representative sample of u.s. residents.
methods : data come from the @number@ american time use survey.
around @number@ respondents provided a diary about the prior day and rated how tired they felt during selected activities.
regression analysis is used to explain variance in tiredness by age.
results : regression analysis reveals that tiredness decreases with age.
discussion : contrary to much previous research , tiredness decreases with age.
clinical implications and methodological limitations are discussed.
background : to date , little is known about the association between dietary pattern and disability in older adults.
the present prospective cohort study investigated the association between dietary patterns and incident functional disability.
methods : information on food consumption and other lifestyle factors was collected from japanese older persons aged ≥65 years via a questionnaire.
data on functional disability were retrieved from the public long-term care insurance database , in which participants were followed up for @number@ years.
the cox model was used to estimate the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of incident functional disability.
results : among @number@ participants , the 5-year incidence of functional disability was @percent@.
conclusions : in japanese older persons , the japanese dietary pattern is associated with a decreased risk of incident functional disability.
a suggested but untested reason for this improvement in cognitive function over time is higher educational attainment among more recent cohorts.
methods : we used data from two large prospective population-based epidemiological dementia studies conducted in two adjacent regions during the period 1987-2012.
we examined age × cohort interactions in mixed-effects models with / without controlling for education effects.
executive functions showed the strongest and persistent differences between the most recent and other three cohorts.
education did not attenuate any of these associations.
conclusions : cohort effects were observed in all examined cognitive domains and , surprisingly , remained significant after controlling for educational effects.
factors other than education are likely responsible for the cohort effects in cognitive decline.
background : lower extremity physical performance measured at one point in time is a powerful predictor of future disability.
whether information on previous lower extremity performance adds independent information to disability prediction compared to a single measure alone is unknown.
walking speed and short physical performance battery were examined at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up ( zero-time ) .
the multiparametric correction equation has been modified accordingly.
the gat correction equation can consider the combined effect of pct , pa , cct , and age on iopg.
separately the non-linear effect of θ° on iopg cannot be ignored for reasons of precision.
population ageing has emerged as a major demographic trend worldwide due to improved health and longevity.
this global ageing phenomenon will have a major impact on health-care systems worldwide due to increased morbidity and greater needs for hospitalization / institutionalization.
yet , the age related chronic inflammation is believed to be pathogenic with regards to its contribution to frailty and degenerative disorders.
in particular , the frailty syndrome is increasingly being considered as a key risk indicator of adverse health outcomes.
overall aim is to prevent or attenuate decline of key physiological functions required to live an active , independent life.
this model showed that health status was correlated within sib-ships , suggesting a familial / genetic component.
objective : aging is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
forkhead-box class o ( foxo ) transcription factors regulate mechanisms of cellular aging , including protein quality control , autophagy and defenses against oxidative stress.
the objective of this study was to analyze foxo transcription factors in normal , aging and oa cartilage.
regulation of foxo protein expression and activation was analyzed in cultured chondrocytes.
results : human cartilage expressed foxo1 and foxo3 but not foxo4 proteins.
foxo1 and foxo3 were more strongly expressed the superficial and mid zone as compared to the deep zone and were mainly localized in nuclei.
during human joint aging , expression of foxo1 and foxo3 was markedly reduced in the superficial zone of cartilage regions exposed to maximal weight bearing.
in oa cartilage , chondrocyte clusters showed strong foxo phosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization.
similar patterns of foxo expression in normal joints and changes in aging and oa were observed in mouse models.
in cultured chondrocytes , il-1β and tnf-α suppressed foxo1 , while tgf-β and pdgf increased foxo1 and foxo3 expression.
foxo1 and foxo3 phosphorylation was increased by il-1β , pdgf , bfgf , igf-1 , and the oxidant t-bhp.
changes in foxo expression and activation may be involved in cartilage aging and oa.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with associated memory loss , spatial disorientation , and other psychiatric problems.
the beneficial effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors , however , are typically short-lived and accompanied by adverse effects.
analysis of β-amyloid deposits , tau phosphorylation , and inflammatory cells revealed that , overall , pathologic findings were unchanged.
more important , a-582941 completely restored cognition in aged 3xtg-ad mice to the level of that in age-matched nontransgenic mice.
these novel findings indicate that activating α7 nachr is a promising treatment for cognitive impairment in ad.
once delivered to membrane sites , they naturally replace and stimulate removal of damaged membrane lipids.
various chronic clinical conditions are characterized by membrane damage , mainly oxidative but also enzymatic , resulting in loss of cellular function.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : membrane structure and function : relevance in the cell's physiology , pathology and therapy.
previous research has shown a wide array of age-related declines in vision.
thirty-two older subjects participated in seven @number@.5-h sessions conducted on separate days over a three-week period.
a two-alternative forced choice procedure was used in discriminating the orientation of gabor patches.
in addition , the transfer to an untrained orientation and noise levels were examined.
an analysis of the four groups prior to training indicated no significant differences between the groups.
in addition , measurements of pupil diameter indicated that changes in orientation discrimination were not associated with changes in retinal illuminance.
these results suggest that task difficulty and training in noise are factors important for optimizing the effects of training among older individuals.
diabetic older adults are at a higher risk of muscle strength ( ms ) decline than their non-diabetic counterparts.
adequate protein and energy intakes and physical activity ( pa ) may preserve ms during aging.
however , the role of diet quality ( dq ) in ms maintenance is still unknown.
baseline dq was calculated from @number@ non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls collected at t1 using the validated canadian healthy eating index ( c-hei ) .
change in pa was calculated from physical activity scale for the elderly ( pase ) as pase t4-pase t1.
the association between these four categories and ms maintenance was evaluated using general linear modeling ( glm ) .
analyses were stratified by sex and controlled for covariates.
baseline dq alone was not associated with ms maintenance.
additional research is needed on a larger sample since generalization of these results is limited by the small sample size.
ranolazine is a selective inhibitor of the cardiomyocyte late inward sodium current , inal , and features anti-ischemic , antiarrhythmic and atp-sparing actions.
extensive laboratory data show that anthracyclines can induce the production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
we hypothesize that anthracyclines may induce both inal hyperactivation and an oxidative / energetic vicious cycle in cardiomyocytes.
it has been suggested that functional and structural alterations of the bfcs mediate cognitive performance in normal aging and ad.
but , it is still unclear to what extend age-associated cognitive decline can be related to bfcs in normal aging.
associations between specific cognitive domains and bfcs volumes were less pronounced.
volumes of these gray and white matter regions were also related to general intelligence.
mucosal-associated invariant t ( mait ) cells have been reported to play an antimicrobial role in infectious diseases.
however , little is known about age- and gender-related changes in circulating mait cell level and function in healthy population.
one hundred thirty-three healthy subjects were enrolled in this study.
mait cells , their subset , and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry.
no significant difference was found in the circulating mait cell levels between male and female subjects.
a linear regression analysis revealed that circulating mait cell levels declined annually by @percent@ among men and @percent@ among women , respectively.
notably , the proportion of cd4 + mait cells increased with age , whereas that of cd8 + mait cells decreased with age.
our data suggest that aging is associated with a reduction in circulating mait cells , accompanied with alterations in subset composition and cytokine profile.
objective : recently , the role of β-blockers ( bbs ) in reducing perioperative mortality has been challenged.
the conflicting results might have resulted from the extent of bb metabolism by the cytochrome p-450 ( cyp2d6 ) isoenzyme.
the cohorts were defined by the preoperative use of bbs and bb type ( non-cyp2d6 bbs , cyp2d6 bbs , or no bbs ) .
operative mortality was analyzed using inverse probability-weighted estimators with propensity score adjustment.
results : of the @number@ patients , @percent@ received non-cyp2d6 bbs , @percent@ , cyp2d6 bbs , and @percent@ , no bbs.
introduction : chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is common and more prevalent in the aged population.
surgical intervention is the treatment of choice , but its outcomes may not be satisfactory because of recurrence and physical infirmity associated with aging.
aberrant angiogenesis and localized inflammation contribute to the formation of csdh.
atorvastatin is active in promoting angiogenesis and modulating inflammation.
we hypothesize that atorvastatin is effective in reducing csdh and have tested the hypothesis in a preliminary prospective study of small cohort of patients.
of these @number@ patients relapsed during the entire follow-up period of 3-36 months.
all have improved mgs , gcs , and adl-bi.
no atorvastatin-related side effects were documented.
a prospective randomized clinical trial is required to validate the effect of atorvastatin.
different gfap isoforms have been identified that are differentially expressed by specific subpopulations of astrocytes and that impose different properties to the intermediate filament network.
we studied transcript levels and protein expression patterns of all known gfap isoforms in human hippocampal ad tissue at different stages of the disease.
ten different transcripts for gfap isoforms were detected at different abundancies.
transcript levels of most isoforms increased with ad progression.
gfapδ-immunopositive astrocytes were observed in subgranular zone , hilus , and
gfapδ-positive cells also stained for gfapα.
in ad donors , astrocytes near plaques displayed increased staining of both gfapα and gfapδ.
in conclusion , the various gfap isoforms show differential transcript levels and are upregulated in a concerted manner in ad.
the gfap ( @number@ ) isoform defines a unique subset of astrocytes , with numbers increasing with ad progression.
we observed pathogenic repeat expansions in a family with als-ftd and in a patient with sporadic ftd.
the patient with sporadic ftd presented primarily with deteriorating behavior and mental status.
aβ + was associated with older age , female sex , and showed trends for maternal family history of ad and apoe4.
aβ + participants exhibited increased gray matter in the lateral parietal lobe bilaterally relative to the aβ- group , and no areas of significant atrophy.
cognitive performance and self report cognitive and affective symptoms did not differ between groups.
this asymptomatic stage may be an opportune window for intervention to prevent progression to symptomatic ad.
hippocampal and white matter volume as well as the corpus callosum area were not significantly different across groups.
esr2 variants were not significantly associated with brain measures , but women with the esr1 rs2234693 c allele had significantly smaller wml.
furthermore this association was modified by ht use.
intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions in ataxin @number@ are a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
the polyglutamine tract is encoded by a trinucleotide repeat in a coding region of the ataxin @number@ gene ( atxn2 ) .
noncoding nucleotide repeat expansions in several genes are also associated with neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases.
for example , hexanucleotide repeat expansions located in a noncoding region of c9orf72 are the most common cause of als.
we sought to assess a potential larger role of noncoding nucleotide repeat expansions in als.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid beta ( aβ ) deposits , hyperphosphorylated tau deposition , and cognitive dysfunction.
a bdnf modulating peptide ( neuropep-1 ) was previously identified by positional-scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial library.
here we examine the neuroprotective effects of neuropep-1 on several in vitro neurotoxic insults , and triple-transgenic ad mouse model ( 3xtg-ad ) .
neuropep-1 protects cultured neurons against oligomeric aβ1-42 , , and glutamate-induced neuronal cell death.
neuropep-1 injection also significantly rescues the spatial learning and memory deficits of 3xtg-ad mice compared with vehicle-treated control group.
neuropep-1 treatment markedly increases hippocampal and cortical bdnf levels.
furthermore , we found that neuropep-1-injected 3xtg-ad mice exhibit dramatically reduced aβ plaque deposition and aβ levels without affecting tau pathology.
these findings suggest neuropep- @date@ be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ad.
alzheimer's is a crippling neurodegenerative disease that largely affects aged individuals.
design : randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial.
participants : a total of @number@ us male physicians aged ≥ @number@ years.
intervention : daily multivitamin or placebo.
background & aims : adequate protein intake and digestion are necessary to prevent muscle wasting in cystic fibrosis ( cf ) .
accurate and easy-to-use methodology to quantify protein maldigestion is lacking in cf.
objective : to measure protein digestibility and the response to pancreatic enzyme intake in cf by using a new stable isotope methodology.
pancreatic enzymes were ingested after @number@ h in cf and the response in protein digestibility was assessed.
results : protein digestibility was severely reduced in the cf group ( @percent@ of healthy subjects ; p < @number@ ) .
intake of pancreatic enzymes induced a slow increase in protein digestibility in cf until @percent@ of values obtained by healthy subjects.
maximal digestibility was reached at @number@ min and maintained for @number@ min.
stratification into cf children ( n = @number@ ) and adults showed comparable values for protein digestibility and similar kinetic responses to pancreatic enzyme intake.
whole-body citrulline production was elevated in cf indicating preserved mucosal function.
conclusion : protein digestibility is severely compromised in patients with cf as measured by this novel and easy-to-use stable isotope approach.
pancreatic enzymes are able to normalize protein digestibility in cf , albeit with a severe delay.
registration clinicaltrials.gov = nct01494909.
aging is a critical factor to influence the functional performance during daily life.
without an appropriate posture control response when experiencing an unexpected external perturbation , fall may occur.
twenty older adults and @number@ healthy young adults participated in the study.
the results showed that the older adults had similar patterns of joint movement and com excursion as the young adults during the balance reactive-recovery.
however , larger proximal joint rotation in elderly group induced larger com sway envelop and therefore loss of the compensatory strategy of posture recovery.
the old adults also presented a lower muscle power.
functional connectivity ( fc ) of the default mode network ( dmn ) is a plausible candidate for such a biomarker.
we evaluated @number@ patients with mild ad and @number@ age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
all subjects underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) in a @number@ t scanner.
to identify the dmn , seed-based fc of the posterior cingulate was calculated.
we also measured the sensitivity / specificity of the method , and verified a correlation with cognitive performance.
dmn individual values showed a sensitivity of @percent@ and specificity of @percent@.
dmn and wcp values were correlated to global cognition and episodic memory performance.
further studies with larger numbers of participants , as well as validation of normal values , are needed for more definitive conclusions.
functional cardiac abnormalities have been reported in patients with nafld.
the aim of this paper is to investigate whether these findings are present also in elderly people.
furthermore , subjects with nafld had higher prevalence of diabetes , pathological waist-circumference , insulin-resistance and positive atp-iii criteria.
regression analyses identify hypertension and pathological waist-circumference as factors independently associated to pathological edpw , and hypertriglyceridemia to pathological left-ventricle mass.
cellular senescence is implicated in several pathological responses in the adult , with important repercussions in tumor suppression , wound healing , and aging.
the incidence and outcomes of acute exacerbation within @number@ days from the operation were investigated.
univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of acute exacerbation.
the effect of perioperative prophylactics , such as steroids and sivelestat , was not confirmed in this study.
surgical procedures that proved to be a risk factor for acute exacerbation should be chosen cautiously for these high-risk patients.
we argue that current practices leave a significant minority of older foreign-born residents inconsistently covered or without any insurance.
accordingly , these findings demonstrate that persons in same-sex cohabiting partnerships require unique policy considerations to address health and economic concerns in old age.
there has been limited research examining the risks , benefits , and use of common endoscopic procedures in the elderly.
furthermore , gastroenterology training programs do not routinely incorporate elderly concerns when dealing with common gastrointestinal issues.
there exists a broad array of endoscopic procedures with varying inherent risks that must be weighed with each elderly patient in mind.
these biophysiologic changes have implications for the pathophysiology of anorectal disorders.
a clear understanding and working knowledge of the functional anatomy and pathophysiology will enable appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
clostridium difficile-associated illness is an increasingly prevalent and morbid condition.
the medical management of inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) in the older patient extends beyond luminal disease activity.
factors such as comorbidity , functional status , polypharmacy , and age-related changes in physical reserve and drug metabolism may affect therapeutic decision making.
the older patient with ibd is more susceptible to disease-related complications and also to adverse events with therapy , particularly immunosuppression.
vaccines play a key role in the prevention of illness in the elderly , are cost effective , and generally safe.
hepatitis c , cirrhosis , autoimmune hepatitis , and inflammatory bowel disease are more prevalent than ever among older adults.
the global burden of cancer is increasing.
by @number@ the global cancer burden is expected to rise by @percent@ owing to the increasingly elderly population.
specifically , these challenges will include volume and financial management , as well coordination of cancer treatment and pain management.
coordinated , team-based cancer care will be essential to ensure value-based care.
short and long-term outcome measurement is an integral part of the process.
the demand for noninvasive methods of facial and body rejuvenation has experienced exponential growth over the last decade.
there is a particular interest in safe and effective ways to decrease skin laxity and smooth irregular body contours and texture without downtime.
these noninvasive treatments are being sought after because less time for recovery means less time lost from work and social endeavors.
radiofrequency ( rf ) treatments are traditionally titrated to be nonablative and are optimal for those wishing to avoid recovery time.
not only is there minimal recovery but also a high level of safety with aesthetic rf treatments.
ultrasound skin tightening is a noninvasive , nonablative method that allows for energy deposition into the deep dermal and subcutaneous tissue while avoiding epidermal heating.
ultrasound coagulation is confined to arrays of 1-mm ( @number@ ) zones that include the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and connective tissue.
ultrasound has the unique advantage of direct visualization of treated structures during treatment.
ultrasound is a safe and efficacious treatment for mild skin tightening and lifting.
site-specific augmentation with fillers can now be used to refine facial shape and topography in a more predictable and precise fashion.
the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin ( bont ) is the most common cosmetic procedure performed in the world today.
the future formulations and applications of bont type a will be plentiful , and are exciting to consider.
the aging process is unavoidable and often augmented by extrinsic forces , such as ultraviolet radiation.
the increasing middle-aged population is leading to the production of many new cosmetic products promising improvement of the various signs of aging , termed cosmeceuticals.
within this booming industry , several different types exist.
this article focuses on updates in those involving peptides , growth factors , cytokines , and stem cells.
methods : @number@ men and women aged @number@ to @number@ were selected.
wrinkle severity of periorbital , glabellar , and forehead lines was evaluated using 3d imaging and validated assessment scales.
results : wrinkle severity was greater at all assessed locations with older age.
in men , wrinkles manifested earlier and were more severe than in women.
in women , periorbital lines were the first visible wrinkles , in contrast to the forehead lines in men.
in both sexes , glabellar lines did not clinically manifest before the age of @number@
conclusion : the results of the present study confirm a progressive increase of crow's feet and forehead and glabellar lines in men and women.
although the development of facial wrinkles happens earlier and is more severe in men , perimenopause seems to particularly affect development in women.
clinical ratings and 3d measurements are suitable methods to assess facial wrinkle severity in men and women.
objective : to compare the clinical effectiveness and side effects of fractional bipolar rf with those of fractional erbium-doped glass in atrophic acne scars treatment.
three independent physicians and patients evaluated improvement in acne scars @number@ weeks after the last treatment.
side effects were also recorded after each treatment.
the side effects of both devices were pain , transient facial erythema , and scab formation.
the pain score with fractional erbium-doped glass was higher than that with fractional bipolar rf , but duration of scab shedding was shorter.
one case had postinflammatory hyperpigmentation on only the side treated with fractional erbium-doped glass.
conclusion : fractional bipolar rf and fractional erbium-doped glass have similar effectiveness for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.
most previous studies evaluating ssmt have employed two-dimensional image analysis of magnified pictures captured by a video microscope.
methods : confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for 3d measurement of the surface morphology of silicon replicas taken from the cheek.
we then used these data to calculate the parameters that reflect the nature of sstm including the skin ridge number using originally developed software.
the surface roughness , the area of pores and the depth of skin furrows increased with age.
the area and length of skin furrows and the number of skin ridges decreased with age.
conclusion : the method proposed to analyse ssmt three dimensionally is an effective tool with which to characterize the condition of the skin.
the remaining @number@ participants made up the group without diabetes.
insulin and metformin were used by @number@ and @number@ participants , respectively.
activities of daily living scores differed across the four groups , with those in the non-drug treatment group being the most disabled.
conclusions : the use of hypoglycaemic drugs was associated with poor health outcomes in nursing home residents.
therefore , more attention must be paid to adapting anti-diabetic treatment in this complex population.
soy foods contain several components , notably , isoflavones and amino acids , that may improve cardiovascular health.
t tests were used to assess differences between equol and nonequol producers.
ninety-seven women completed the trial.
soy protein and isoflavone ( either alone or together ) did not impact serum lipids or inflammatory markers.
background : the shortage of physicians in japan is a serious concern , particularly in specialties like pediatrics.
the purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in the geographic distribution of pediatricians and the factors underlying this change.
we performed principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis.
results : we obtained two principal components : one that reflected the degree of urbanization and another that reflected the volume of pediatric service delivery.
only the first component score was positively correlated with an increased pediatrician workforce per @number@ of the population under the age of @number@ years.
we classified the secondary medical areas into four groups using component scores.
conclusions : the trends of the pediatrician workforce increase generally kept pace with urbanization , but were not associated with the original pediatrician workforce supply.
the geographic distribution of pediatricians showed rapid concentration in urban areas.
this trend was particularly pronounced among female pediatricians and those aged @number@ to @number@ years.
the older drivers project ( odp ) of the american medical association has provided evidence-based training for clinicians since @number@
pre / postsurveys were completed.
most rated the curriculum of high quality and relevant to their practice.
more than one half ( @percent@ ) reported increased confidence in addressing driving.
the university of south florida's master's degree in gerontology is a long-established program that focuses on a multidisciplinary approach to population aging.
this study identifies graduate students ' needs in preparation for a professional career in gerontology.
the program's @number@ year history was well represented with participants ranging from the first graduating class to current students.
results indicated high satisfaction in students ' expectations of the program , educational experience , and assessment of faculty.
further , @percent@ of graduates reported success in gaining age-related employment shortly after graduation.
respondents recommended more applied coursework and assistance with career planning to enhance employment opportunities upon graduation.
implications of these findings are discussed in further detail.
objective : this study examined the prospective association between unforgiveness and self-reported physical health and potential positive psychological mediators of this association.
design : participants were a national sample of @number@ usa's adults of ages @number@ years and older.
data were collected at two time points separated by three years.
furthermore , the prospective association of unforgiveness with self-reported health was mediated by a latent positive psychological traits variable.
conclusion : these results confirm cross-sectional findings suggesting that unforgiveness is related to health.
the present study also suggests that unforgiveness has a prospective , but not reciprocal , association with self-reported physical health.
unforgiveness may have its association with self-reported physical health through its interruption of other positive traits that typically confer health benefits.
this article addresses the question of how creating an age-friendly city has come to be an important policy and planning issue in portland , oregon.
an age-friendly portland advisory council was formed to guide the development of an action plan , monitor progress over time , and suggest additional research.
the policy actors , including individuals and organizations working within and outside of government , are described.
a new body of work has emerged under the category of creating age-friendly communities.
this article briefly reviews the current state of the work and discusses a potential framework for moving to scale.
that is , dysfunctional state and national systems should be boldly marked for demolition.
developing environments responsive to the aspirations of older people has become a major concern for social and public policy.
the article concludes by discussing the key elements and resources needed to develop age-friendly cities.
the article concludes with policy and research implications of these findings.
most cities , counties , and neighborhoods are not designed for an aging population.
by providing a range of services to all residents , lifelong communities allow individuals to age in place.
although the lifelong communities initiative is based on established guiding principles , little information exists regarding the realities of moving from policy to implementation.
the atlanta regional commission is replicating these best practices in other communities and providing support to those aspiring to launch or expand lifelong communities.
purpose is to evaluate the durability of two commonly used gastrostomy devices.
the performance of balloon-type gastrostomy devices was evaluated in an accelerated aging failure mode as well as a feeding tube interlock pullout failure mode.
two commonly used devices were tested : mini ( applied medical technology inc. ) and mic-key ( kimberly clark / ballard medical ) .
in the aging testing , the mic-key devices had a lifespan of @number@ ± @number@ h and the mini survived for @number@ ± @number@ h.
the difference was statistically significant ( p < @number@ × 10-9 ) .
one of the most important variables of the amis ns system is the variable jung which stands for the interrelationship unified mortality predictors.
the variable includes all the values of systolic blood pressure , heart rate and age , without limiting values for any of these.
the cutoff value is @number@
the patients with the lower variable value account for a significantly higher mortality.
data on the actual infarction are not necessitated now for this variable.
the aim of this study was to assess the significance of the variable jung in non-infarction patients with acute pulmonary edema.
methods : in a 24-month period out of @number@ patients there were @number@ and @number@ patients with and without acute myocardial infarction , respectively.
there was the subgroup without myocardial infarction of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients admitted with the diagnosis of pulmonary edema.
for all the patients a uniform questionnaire was fulfilled on admission.
data were put into the personal computer.
the variable \ "jung \ " was used : ( systolic bloog pressure / heart rate x age ) @date@ .
results.
regarding sex , there was no difference in mortality , so that males and females were regarded as a whole.
previous myocardial infarction was equally registered in both groups.
the investigated persons had less percent of mortality and a significantly higher systemic pressure as well as higher value of the variable jung.
there was no statistically significant difference in the heart rate between the two groups.
conclusion.
paired associates learning ( pal ) has been widely used in aging-related research , suggesting an age-related decline in associative learning.
however , there are several cognitive processes ( attention , spatial and recognition memory , strategy , and associative learning ) involved in pal.
it is unclear which component contributes to the decline in pal performance associated with age effects.
the present study determines whether age effects on associative learning are independent of other cognitive processes involved in pal.
linear regression revealed significant age-related decline in associative learning , spatial and recognition memory , and the level of strategy use.
this age-related decline in associative learning remains even after adjusting for attention , spatial and recognition memory , and strategy use.
these results show that age effects on associative learning are independent of other cognitive processes involved in pal.
caspase-6 is an effector caspase that has not been investigated thoroughly despite the fact that caspase-6 is strongly activated in alzheimer disease brains.
to understand the full physiological impact of caspase-6 in humans , we investigated caspase-6 expression.
the levels were semi-quantitated by densitometry.
caspase-6 active p20 subunits were only detected in fetal stomach.
immunohistological analyses revealed that active caspase-6 was abundant in goblet cells and epithelial cells sloughing off the intestinal lining of the adult colon.
these results suggest that caspase-6 is likely important in most tissues during early development but is less involved in adult tissues.
the low levels of caspase-6 in fetal and adult brain indicate that increased expression as observed in alzheimer disease is a pathological condition.
lastly , the high levels of caspase-6 in the gastrointestinal system indicate a potential specific function of caspase-6 in these tissues.
objective : associations of cortisol and depression vary at different life-stages , yet population-based , prospective studies are scarce.
we aimed to assess associations of morning cortisol with depressive symptoms in mid-life taking account of lifetime psychological health.
lifetime psychological health was identified from child and adult measures.
for men , lower t2 cortisol at 45y predicted greater depressive symptoms at 50y and the association strengthened when adjusted for lifetime psychological health.
associations were largely unaltered by control for covariates.
in men , lower cortisol predicts subsequent symptoms , independent of depressive history.
ordinary least squares regression models were estimated.
those who had been neglected had significantly more frequent depressive symptoms than caregivers who did not report neglect.
in direct practice settings , when assessing caregiver stress and burden , the history of childhood maltreatment needs to be taken into account.
little is known about the impact of hiv and aging on cognitive functioning.
this new york city cross-sectional study of aging hiv-positive gay and bisexual men assessed their neuropsychological state.
working memory and verbal abstract reasoning were relatively intact.
after @number@ years of age , attention abilities were impaired.
executive function impairment was present regardless of age and education.
insulin-like growth factor-i ( igf-i ) is known to be an anabolic factor in tendon , and the systemic levels are reduced with aging.
however , it is uncertain how tendon fibroblasts are involved in tendon aging and how aging cells respond to igf-i.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo igf-i stimulation of tendon protein synthesis in elderly compared with young men.
this increase in protein synthesis was seen in both young and old men , with no differences between age groups.
in conclusion , local igf-i stimulated tendon protein synthesis in both young and old men , despite lower systemic igf-i levels in the old group.
this could indicate that the changed phenotype in aging tendon is not caused by decreased fibroblast function.
we compared median nerve normal values between samples of indian and dutch populations.
this difference was still present after controlling for age , height , and weight ( p = @number@ ) .
this enforces the idea that laboratories around the world should obtain their own normative data.
in different working groups the experts developed solutions and recommendations with regards to political need , health care and future research priorities.
in this study , the prevalence , genotype frequency , and risk factors for hbv infection in @number@ hiv-infected subjects living in piauí were determined.
forty-six ( @number@ % ) hiv-positive subjects were reactive for hbsag and positive for hbv-dna.
genotypes a ( @number@ % ) , f ( @number@ % ) and d ( @number@ % ) were identified.
this paper is an integrative review analyzing the scientific production and legal documents regarding public policies for the elderly in brazil.
research was conducted in the virtual health library and scopus databases , examining publications since @number@
there were few studies that indicated the importance of strengthening social movements that elicit discussion related to the elderly in brazil.
the conclusion reached is that the study will provide material for reflection about the construction of a new reality about aging in brazil.
aging is often accompanied by functional limitations that affect self esteem , lowering the level of satisfaction with life.
studies highlight satisfaction with life as a predictor of quality of life and has a marked correlation with a decrease in functionality.
a total of @number@ elderly men and women aged @number@ years and above , attending a geriatric outpatient clinic.
the sample was random , with a predominance of females , in which the older participants had greater functional impairment.
in univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate analysis , overall self reported and comparative satisfaction with life was more satisfactory among the oldest elderly.
the results suggest that older individuals have better satisfaction with life even though they have greater functional impairment.
we suggest that the cu and fe isotopic fractionation between blood and liver resides in the redox reaction occurring during hepatic solicitation of fe stores.
this reaction affects the cu speciation , which explains why blood cu isotope composition is impacted by the cessation of menstruations.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of habitual endurance exercise on muscle mass and strength in active older adults.
there were no changes in fat-free mass although body fat increased minimally ( @number@.0-1.5% ) .
training volume ( km·wk , d·wk ) decreased in both the men and women.
however , there was no significant change in either isokinetic concentric or eccentric torque of the knee extensors.
following 6-day dosing , a 26-hour euglycaemic glucose clamp procedure was conducted to evaluate the steady-state pharmacodynamic effects of ideg.
blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis up to @number@ h post-dose.
duration of action was beyond the clamp duration of @number@ h in all subjects.
conclusions : the exposure of ideg at steady state during once-daily dosing was similar in younger adult and elderly subjects.
the glucose-lowering effect of ideg was numerically lower in elderly subjects compared with younger adults , but no significant differences were observed between age groups.
the ultra-long pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ideg observed in younger adults were preserved in elderly subjects with type @number@ diabetes.
clinical trials.gov number : nct00964418.
purpose : children with cerebral palsy have limited opportunities to explore their physical and social environment.
we coded mobility and socialization measures from video recordings.
results : brenden was more mobile and had more vocalizations during the 12-week intervention.
conclusions : modified toy cars have serious potential to be a fun and functional power mobility option for children with special needs.
group study is required to formally test these findings.
objective : the slco1b1 c.521t > c polymorphism is associated with statin plasma levels and simvastatin-induced adverse drug reactions.
materials and methods : we identified @number@ incident simvastatin and atorvastatin users in the rotterdam study , a population-based cohort study.
associations were studied using cox proportional hazards analysis.
meta-analysis was performed with data from the utrecht cardiovascular pharmacogenetics study.
female sex , age below @number@ years , and low starting dose were risk factors.
for atorvastatin users no significant association was found.
for atorvastatin , an association was found in users with a starting dose of more than @number@ mg.
aging is a common characteristic of multicellular eukaryotes.
copious hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of aging , but no single theory is generally acceptable.
we propose the rna population model as a genetic theory of aging.
we provide evidence from the literature as well as from our own findings for the roles of repetitive sequences in gene activation.
in addition , we predict several phenomena related to aging and differentiation based on this model.
purpose : to measure the concordant changes in morphology of the discs and vertebrae during 5- , 10- , and 15-year follow-ups.
study design : longitudinal study.
mean age at the 15-year follow-up was @number@ years.
a confirmatory sample with @number@ years follow-up was also included.
methods : scanners ( @number@ tesla ) with surface coils were used at baseline and follow-up.
image analyzing software was used to measure distances and areas of interest of midsagittal and midaxial spine images.
vertebra height increases were associated with disc narrowing ( p = .001 ) .
the mechanism behind this novel finding and its implications require further study.
participants comprised @number@ normal adults who underwent 18f-fdg pet and a neuropsychological battery.
we used statistical parametric mapping ( spm8 ) to investigate sex differences , and aging effects.
the effects of cognitive reserve on 18f-fdg uptake were investigated using years of education as a proxy.
age-related hypometabolism was found in anterior regions , including the anterior cingulate gyrus.
these areas are part of the attentional system , which may decline with aging even in healthy elderly individuals.
highly educated subjects revealed focal hypermetabolism in the right hemisphere and lower recruitment of glucose metabolism in memory tasks.
this phenomenon is likely a candidate for a neural substrate of cognitive reserve.
twenty men were interviewed.
the health belief model was used as the study's theoretical framework.
men correctly identified health risks of being obese.
wives were sources of nutrition information and social support.
perceived benefits of losing weight included reduced risk for health problems and looking good.
perceived barriers included apathy and weight loss programs being \ "too feminine. \ "
motivators for losing weight included being diagnosed with a health problem , health requirements for work , and financial incentives.
the data themes suggest ways to develop male-specific messages and interventions that consider the aging body.
a 74-year-old man who was referred to our late onset hypogonadism clinic presented with sweating and loss of appetite.
his aging males ' symptoms ( ams ) and international index of erectile function ( iief-5 ) scores were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
his hormonal examination revealed extremely low free testosterone values.
the patient was started on androgen replacement therapy , but his symptoms did not improve.
additional hormonal examinations revealed low values for other anterior pituitary hormones.
magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intrasellar cystic mass with suprasellar extension.
we considered this mass caused hypothalamic hypopituitarism.
a load test for anterior pituitary hormones revealed panhypogonadism.
his symptoms improved after administration of adrenal and thyroid hormones and androgen.
five months after start of drug administration , his ams score improved to @number@ but iief-5 score showed little change.
as a matter of course , not only androgen but all pituitary-related hormones are needed for hypopituitarism patients.
background : the importance of assessing proprioceptive function for rehabilitation after neurological or orthopedic injury has long been recognized.
yet , neither the validity nor the accuracy of the available tests is firmly established.
design : a repeated-measures design was used.
method : assessment of forearm position sense for a 10-degree reference position in @number@ young adults who were healthy.
results : psychophysical thresholds were revealed to be the most precise and least variable acuity measure.
individual participant position errors correlated poorly with respective thresholds , indicating a lack of concurrent validity.
position errors for both matching methods correlated only mildly with each other.
limitations : the data represent performance of a healthy , young adult cohort.
differences between methods will likely be more pronounced in aging and clinical populations.
conclusions : threshold testing and joint position matching methods examine different physiological aspects of proprioceptive function.
because threshold testing is based on passive motion , it most closely reflects afferent sensory feedback processing ( ie , proprioception ) .
matching methods require active motion and are consequently influenced by additional sensorimotor processes.
factors such as working memory and transmission between brain hemispheres also influence joint matching task outcomes.
background : growing old involves many changes in life and implies an increased risks of illness and different forms of disabilities.
materials and methods : a lifeworld hermeneutical approach was used.
phenomenological interviews and conversations with an open approach were conducted and analysed with a focus on meanings.
the suffering sometimes was caused by various caring actions , that is , unnecessary suffering.
there was a lack of knowledge and understanding about the patient's lifeworld.
objective : cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar disorder ( bd ) in both adult and geriatric patients.
this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between age and cognitive functioning in patients with bd.
groupwise comparisons were used to examine differences between patients and the comparison group and adult and geriatric bd cohorts.
a series of linear regressions was conducted to examine the relationship of age and cognitive functioning and clinical variables and cognition.
results : patients performed significantly worse than the comparison group on all neuropsychological measures.
age was a significant predictor of trails a scores with older age associated with worse performance.
conclusions : older age was associated with poorer performance on trails a in patients with bd but not healthy adults.
these results are suggestive of greater dysfunction in processing speed with older age in patients with bd compared with a healthy comparison group.
because cognitive functioning is associated with community outcomes , these findings suggest a need for treatments targeting cognitive symptoms across the life span.
future research exploring neurobiologic evidence for neurodegenerative processes in bd will pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
caspase cleaved amyloid precursor protein ( appcc ) and set are increased and mislocalized in the neuronal cytoplasm in alzheimer disease ( ad ) brains.
translocated set to the cytoplasm can induce tau hyperphosphorylation.
appcc overexpression in ca1 and not in the dentate gyrus induced endogenous set translocation and tau hyperphosphorylation.
a neuro-inflammatory response has been implicated in human patients and animal models of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
type-1 interferons are pleiotropic cytokines involved in the initiation and regulation of the pro-inflammatory response ; however , their role in ad is unknown.
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed a 2-fold increase in ifnα in app / ps1 brains compared with control brains.
quantitative polymerase chain reaction also identified increased ifnα and ifnβ expression in human pre-frontal cortex from ad patients.
in vitro studies in primary neurons demonstrated aβ-induced type-1 ifn expression preceded that of other classical pro-inflammatory cytokines , il1-β , and il-6.
significantly , ablation of type-1 interferon-α receptor @number@ expression in be ( @number@ ) m17 neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons afforded protection against aβ-induced toxicity.
remarkably little has been written on the biology of essential tremor ( et ) , despite its high prevalence.
though this model is based on several sound neurophysiological observations , there are major problems as well.
despite its shortcomings , however , the model persists.
an implication of these newer studies is that et could be degenerative.
this was considered to be valid since brain mao and iron increase in pd and aging , which could lead to oxidative stress-dependent neurodegeneration.
the multi-target iron chelator , m30 , has all the properties of ladostigil , but is not an acetylcholinesterase ( che ) inhibitor.
however , m30 has both neuroprotective and neurorestorative activities for nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in post-lesion mptp , lactacystin and 6-hydroxydopamine animal models of pd.
the neurorestorative activity has been identified as being related to the ability of the drug to activate hypoxia-inducible factor ( hif ) by inhibiting prolyl-4-hydroxylase.
these unique multiple actions of m30 make it potentially useful as a disease modifying drug for the treatment of pd.
populations composed of racial / ethnic minorities , disabled persons , and people with low socioeconomic status have worse health than their counterparts.
implementing evidence-based behavioral interventions ( ebis ) to prevent and manage chronic disease and disability in community settings could help ameliorate disparities.
a key tenet of our approach is to integrate ebis with community best practices to the extent possible while building local capacity.
we discuss tradeoffs between maintaining fidelity to the ebis while maximizing fit to the new context.
these methods could advance our ability to implement potentially effective interventions to reduce health disparities.
similarly , igf1 signaling reduction protects mice from ad-like disease.
these discoveries suggest that iis inhibitors can serve as new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies including ad and hd.
nt219 treatment promotes stress resistance and protects nematodes from ad- and hd-associated proteotoxicity without affecting lifespan.
it is traditionally thought to be a disease of young women.
however , recent epidemiological and retrospective studies suggest that it might be a disease predominantly of older women.
studies of aih in elderly patients have been fairly limited.
aim : to investigate the differences in the clinical presentations and the management of aih in the elderly and the younger patients.
the reference lists of relevant articles were also searched for appropriate studies.
results : a total of @number@ patients were identified with aih in @number@ retrospective studies.
the definition of ' elderly ' ranged from @number@ to @number@ years ; @number@ elderly and @number@ younger patients were included for analysis.
elderly , @percent@ , were more likely to present asymptomatically , cirrhotic at presentation and hla-dr4-positive.
they are less likely to be hla-dr3-positive and to relapse after treatment withdrawal after complete remission.
conclusions : aih is an important differential in elderly patients with cirrhosis or abnormal lfts.
elderly are more likely to be cirrhotic and asymptomatic at presentation.
background : sleep disturbance in midlife women has been studied extensively , although less is known about sleep after menopause.
this article presents cross-sectional data from the @number@ women , aged 60-70 years , participating in the how study in @number@
it may be , however , that modifiable lifestyle factors may indirectly impact sleep by influencing health status.
objective : there have been few studies examining the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and psychiatric morbidity in hong kong.
data of demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by a form designed for this study.
activity of daily living was assessed by the instrumental activities of daily living scale and life events were evaluated by the life event scale.
depressive disorders were determined using the chinese version of the structured clinical interview for dsm-iv.
results : the point prevalence of dsm-iv depressive disorders in patients with copd and controls were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
multivariate analyses revealed that female sex and severe impairment in daily activity functioning were independently associated with depressive disorders.
only @percent@ of the depressed copd patients had consulted psychiatrists in the past three months.
conclusion : depressive disorders are significantly higher in copd patients than controls.
the low percentage of depressed patients with copd seeking psychiatric treatment suggests that there is an unmet need in the psychiatric care of copd patients.
here , we review data that have aided in our understanding of the role of age , sex and steroid sex hormones in radiation cataractogenesis.
aim : a pen and paper token test utilizing binary scoring of accuracy-inaccuracy in responses evaluates linguistic functions including verbal comprehension.
conclusion : rt measurement of the ios app-based token test could be highly useful and convenient to better detect abnormalities in linguistic efficiency.
rt measurement in the token test could be used as a screening tool for linguistic slowing in the elderly population.
background : as one ages , physical , cognitive , and clinical problems accumulate and the pattern of loss follows a distinct progression.
two new functional hierarchies are presented , an iadl hierarchical capacity scale and a combination scale integrating both iadl and adl hierarchies.
methods : a secondary analyses of data from a cross-national sample of community residing persons was conducted using @number@ interrai assessments.
a factor analysis demonstrated the overall continuity across the iadl-adl continuum.
the iadl hierarchy scale consisted of @number@ items , meal preparation , housework , shopping , finances and medications.
the interrai iadl-adl functional hierarchy scale was created through an amalgamation of the adl hierarchy ( developed previously ) and iadl hierarchy scales.
these scales cover the spectrum of iadl and adl challenges faced by persons in the community.
conclusions : an integrated iadl and adl functional assessment tool is valuable.
used across settings within the health continuum , it allows for monitoring of individuals from relative independence through episodes of care.
introduction : controlled donation after circulatory death ( dcd ) remains ethically controversial.
the authors developed a controlled dcd protocol in which comfort therapy is regularly used.
the aim of this study was to determine whether this policy shortens the dcd donors ' life.
results : about @number@ patients were considered for controlled dcd and @number@ ( @percent@ ) became donors.
the survival durations were similar in the dcd donor and non-donor groups.
no non-donor patient survived.
conclusions : survival of dcd donors is not shortened when compared with non-donor patients.
these data support the ethical and respectful approach to potential dcd donors in the authors ' center , including regular comfort therapy.
methods : a total of @number@ male sd rats were equally and randomly divided into normal control , model , ea and ea control groups.
for rats of the normal control group , subcutaneous injection of same dose of normal saline was gi-ven.
the treatment was conducted once daily , @number@ time a week and continuously for @number@ weeks.
rats of the normal control and model groups were grabbed and fixed in the same way.
the anti-fatigue ability was evaluated by using the time of exhausted swimming task and liver mitochondrial respiratory function was detected by clark oxygen electrode.
material and methods : data is derived from the questionnaire survey conducted on 50 + employees ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) .
results : almost one fifth of the employees admitted that they feel discriminated against in their company.
only about one fifth of respondents admitted that they were encouraged to further their education.
the smallest number of actions concerned health promotion.
conclusions : older workers have different needs than younger ones , especially in the organization and working conditions.
activities related to the management of aging in poland are still taken to a small extent.
disturbing is the fact that so few respondents admitted that in their companies , there were activities conducted concerning health promotion.
by aging process , sexual behaviors of elderly people may change.
some changes are normal ones , but may be misunderstood as abnormal by prejudice and ignorance of the senile sexuality.
by using drug , some sexual dysfunctions may be improved.
but treatment should not be focused only on penile-vaginal intercourse.
kissing , touching and other alternative sexual behaviors may be useful for the improvement of the senile sexual problems.
accordingly , the assessment of pd in elderly patients needs information of the respective vast areas.
to distinguish pd from enduring personality changes caused by various physical and psychiatric conditions is also an important and difficult task.
disorder of train of thought is one symptom of the formal thought disturbance.
if the elderly patients show these symptoms with psychosis , mania and depression , the organic or drug induced mental disorder should be excluded.
the function of each organ including the brain tends to decline with aging.
this influences on the appearance of psychotic symptoms in the elderly.
a manic state in the elderly is often atypical and different from that in younger and middle aged patients.
on medication , as the response to drugs is different to that in younger patients , side effects easily appear in the elderly.
however , we have very few clinical-pharmacological data on the use of major tranquilizers including anti-manic drugs for elderly patients.
the memory and cognitive impairment of the elderly can be the target of research to prevent development of dementia.
brain reserve hypothesis and cognitive reserve hypothesis are discussed , which might open the new perspective to overcome the memory impairment of the elderly.
in japan , the elderly patients generally account for high percentages of both inpatients and outpatients.
in doing so , particular emphasis should be placed on assessing consciousness.
decreased alertness should not be dismissed as \ "old age \ ".
medical professionals and caregivers must carefully assess psychiatric symptoms in the elderly patients while respecting their self-esteem.
world health organization ( who ) proposed to be used as an index of the health of elderly independence of functioning.
functional decline in older people is associated with age , gender , depression , up and go test and manual dexterity.
smoking , body-mass index , and exercise patterns in midlife and late adulthood are predictors of subsequent disability.
pathological processes usually superimpose on physiological aging even in the sensory system including visual , hearing , olfactory , taste and somatosensory functions.
representative changes of age-related changes are presbyopia , cataracts , and presbyacusis.
finally , deep sensation of vibration and proprioception is decreased with age as well as superficial sensation ( touch , temperature , pain ) .
as a result , impaired sensory system could induce deterioration of the activities of daily living and quality of life in the elderly.
physical function was declined in aging as well as sensory function in human.
motor slowness and unbalance gait occur as well as decline of ability visual acuity and hearing let elderly people live in limited daily activity.
psychological functions are also thought to be decline in aging.
there were numerous reports on physical function in aging in a cross sectional or a longitudinal study design.
in this article , we review changes of psychological function in aging.
glioblastoma stem cells ( gsc ) are a significant cell model for explaining brain tumor recurrence.
however , mechanisms underlying their radiochemoresistance remain obscure.
only a few single cells survive treatment and regain their self-repopulating capacity.
when compared to sensitive clones , resistant clones exhibited slower tumor development in animals.
methods : the criterion validity of accuracy was established under controlled conditions using an instrumented gimbal table.
ahrs modules were carefully attached to the center plate of the gimbal table and put through experimental static and dynamic conditions.
static and absolute accuracy was assessed by comparing the ahrs orientation measurement to those obtained using an optical gold standard.
relative accuracy was assessed by measuring the variation in relative orientation between modules during trials.
absolute and relative accuracy were significantly affected ( p < 0.05 ) by velocity during sustained motions.
the extent of that effect varied across ahrs.
interpretation : absolute and relative accuracy of ahrs are affected by environmental magnetic perturbations and conditions of motions.
relative accuracy of ahrs is mostly affected by the ability of all modules to locate the same global reference coordinate system at all time.
conclusions : existing ahrs systems can be considered for use in clinical biomechanics under constrained conditions of use.
unlabelled : cognitive decline in aging is a pressing issue associated with significant healthcare costs and deterioration in quality of life.
previously , we reported the successful use of a novel brain-computer interface ( bci ) training system in improving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
thirty-one healthy elderly were randomized into intervention ( n = @number@ ) and waitlist control arms ( n = @number@ ) .
intervention consisted of an 8-week training comprising @number@ half-hour sessions.
a usability and acceptability questionnaire was administered at the end of training.
safety was investigated by querying users about adverse events after every session.
feedback on the usability and acceptability questionnaire was positive.
no adverse events were reported for all participants across all sessions.
given the efficacy signal , a phase iii trial is warranted.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct01661894.
first , the relative prevalence of mutations in sperm correlates weakly with their in vitro activating properties and occurrence in cancers.
we developed a statistical model to show how both intrinsic mutation rate and selfish selection contribute to the mutational burden borne by the paternal germline.
cerebral myelin maturation and aging-related degradation constitute fundamental features of human brain integrity and functioning.
although mostly studied in the white matter , the cerebral cortex contains significant amounts of myelinated axons.
however , how intracortical myelin content evolves during development , decays in aging , and links with cognition remain poorly understood.
for md , u-shaped paths showing similar patterns were observed , but with fewer maturational effects in some regions.
the relations were more prominent with advancing age , suggesting that aging-related cortical demyelination contributes to increased iiv.
in this network , task-related connectivity was increased compared with young subjects , and the degree of connectivity was related to memory performance.
in contrast , older individuals with aβ deposition showed no such increased task-related network connectivity , but did display increased regional activity unassociated with performance.
the neuropathology of ds is complex and likely results from impaired mitochondrial function , increased oxidative stress , and altered proteostasis.
we included age and gender and evaluated a two-way interaction term between gender and death circumstances.
results : bereaved spouses who reported prolonged forewarning of the death evidenced higher cortisol levels at w1 than those who did not experience prolonged forewarning.
bereaved women had higher cortisol levels than bereaved men at w1.
discussion : our findings reveal that stressful life events are associated with stress-related neuroendocrine reactions for longer durations than researchers have previously documented.
the specific death-related stressor affecting cortisol varies by gender.
implications for research and practice are discussed.
furthermore , no comprehensive analysis of socioeconomic differences in cancer survival in germany has been conducted.
patients were assigned a socioeconomic status according to the district of residence at diagnosis.
period analysis was used to derive 3-month , 5-year and conditional 1-year and 5-year age-standardized relative survival for 2002-2006 for each deprivation quintile in germany.
relative survival of patients living in the most deprived district was compared to survival of patients living in all other districts by model-based period analysis.
for @number@ of @number@ cancer sites , 5-year relative survival was lower in the most deprived districts than in all other districts combined.
inequalities persisted after adjustment for stage.
these major regional socioeconomic inequalities indicate a potential for improving cancer care and survival in germany.
these mild forms of hand consist of subtypes , probably reflecting distinct , though possibly overlapping , pathophysiological mechanisms.
background : urinary incontinence ( ui ) , a prevalent condition among seniors , can have substantial impacts on quality of life.
multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant relationships , while adjusting for potential confounders.
results : in 2008 / 2009 , an estimated @number@ seniors reported that they experienced ui.
women were more likely than men to have this complaint ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) , as were older seniors.
further research is needed to establish exactly how ui has an impact on seniors ' feelings of loneliness.
this review is based on the franklin epstein lecture delivered at beth israel deaconess hospital on @date@ .
we discuss recent advances in our understanding of molecular clocks and highlight their relevance to human physiology and disease.
poor performance of sit-to-stand ( sts ) has been identified as one of the predictors of fall risk among elderly adults.
whole body motion data while performing sts were collected from @number@ young , @number@ elderly and @number@ elderly subjects with difficulty in sts.
young subjects were also asked to stand up with their trunk purposely bent forward.
peak com accelerations prior to seat-off differed significantly among groups ; however , no significant differences were detected in its velocities at seat-off.
the rosa demonstrated a better ability to discriminate elderly adults with difficulty from healthy individuals.
although a similar com momentum was observed at seat-off , how the momentum was controlled differed between healthy individuals and individuals with difficulty in sts.
there are several suggestions that such visuomotor learning requires lowering the gain of the proprioceptive inputs.
generally , subjects learn this task in a seated condition offering a stable postural platform.
this procedure allowed comparing the tracing performance of all groups ( with the same amount of practice ) in a standing condition.
the standing groups also did a fourth session in a seated condition.
importance : microneedle therapy includes skin puncture with multiple micro-sized needles to promote skin rejuvenation or increase transdermal delivery of topical medications.
in cosmetic practices , various cosmeceuticals are applied before microneedling to enhance the therapeutic effects.
this results in intradermal tattooing of the topical product.
despite rapid increase in the use of microneedles in dermatology , there are few data about their safety.
two patients had undergone microinjection of the same branded topical moisturizer ( vita c serum ; sanítas skincare ) during microneedle therapy.
biopsy in all cases showed foreign body-type granulomas.
results of tissue cultures were negative.
chest radiography and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme findings were normal.
the first @number@ patients had a positive patch test reaction to vita c serum.
initial treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids was ineffective.
therapy with doxycycline hydrochloride and minocycline hydrochloride led to partial improvement in one case and resolution in another.
conclusions and relevance : application of topical products prior to microneedling can introduce immunogenic particles into the dermis and potentiate local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions.
because the microneedle therapy system is accessible for home use , health care providers need to be aware of its potential consequences.
background : ventral hernia repairs ( vhr ) are among the most common procedures performed by general surgeons.
even though the us population is aging , outcomes of vhr in the elderly and oldest-old ( ≥80 years ) are not well documented.
our study aims to evaluate the short-term outcomes of vhr in the oldest-old patients.
chi square , fisher's exact and two-tailed student's t test were used to compare baseline characteristics and outcomes.
binary logistic regression was used to control for confounding variables.
odds ratios ( or ) with @number@ % confidence intervals ( ci ) were reported when applicable.
results : we identified @number@ patients who underwent a vhr ; @number@ ( @number@ % ) were ≥80 years of age.
the incidence of laparoscopy increased from @number@ % in 2009-23.2 % in @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
30-day unadjusted mortality was @number@ versus @number@ % for younger patients ( p < @number@ ) .
mortality , serious morbidity and overall morbidity were not significantly different.
conclusions : vhr in the oldest-old carried significantly higher 30-day overall morbidity , serious morbidity and mortality , compared with younger patients.
the use of laparoscopy was associated with improved ssi.
mortality and morbidity were associated with emergency surgery , wound classification and baseline comorbidities , but not surgical approach.
background : research has shown network social capital associated with a range of health behaviours and conditions.
little is known about what social capital inequalities in health represent , and which social factors contribute to such inequalities.
methods : data come from the montreal neighbourhood networks and healthy aging study ( n = 2707 ) .
a position generator was used to collect network data on social capital.
health outcomes included self-reported health ( srh ) , physical inactivity , and hypertension.
social capital inequalities in low srh , physical inactivity , and hypertension were decomposed into demographic , socioeconomic , network and psychosocial determinants.
the percentage contributions of each in explaining health disparities were calculated.
social isolation , contributed to physical inactivity ( @percent@ ) and hypertension ( @percent@ ) .
sense of control ( @percent@ ) and perceived cohesion ( @percent@ ) contributed to low srh.
age reduced or increased social capital inequalities in hypertension depending on the age category.
background : fluctuations in the national economy shape labour market opportunities and outcomes , which in turn may influence the accumulation of cognitive reserve.
this study examines whether economic recessions experienced in early and mid-adulthood are associated with later-life cognitive function.
controlling for confounders , we assessed whether recessions experienced at ages 25-34 , 35-44 and 45-49 were associated with cognitive function at ages 50-74.
if replicated in future studies , findings indicate that policies that ameliorate the impact of recessions on labour market outcomes may promote later-life cognitive function.
background : nutritional risk screening is typically done in clinical settings to identify individuals at risk of malnourishment.
this article presents the first population-level assessment of nutritional risk based on a large national sample representative of canadian householders aged @number@ or older.
factors associated with nutritional risk were examined with restricted and full logistic models.
the distribution of responses on the screen ii-ab nutritional risk instrument is reported.
results : based on the results of the 2008 / 2009 survey , @percent@ of canadians aged @number@ or older were at nutritional risk.
women were more likely than men to be at risk.
among people with depression , @percent@ were at nutritional risk , compared with @percent@ of people without depression.
lower income and education were also associated with nutritional risk.
interpretation : nutritional risk is common among seniors living in private households in canada.
the characteristics of people most likely to be at nutritional risk provide evidence for targeted screening and assessment.
context : testosterone ( t ) levels decline with age and lower t has been associated with increased mortality in aging men.
however , the associations of its metabolites , dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) and estradiol ( e2 ) , with mortality are poorly defined.
objective : we assessed associations of t , dht , and e2 with all-cause and ischemic heart disease ( ihd ) mortality in older men.
participants : participants were community-dwelling men aged @number@ to @number@ years who were residing in perth , western australia.
deaths to @date@ were ascertained by data linkage.
results : there were @number@ deaths ( @percent@ ) , including @number@ of ihd.
e2 was not associated with either all-cause or ihd mortality.
further investigations of the biological basis for these associations including randomized trials of t supplementation are needed.
energy intake and physical activity were also estimated by self-report over ≥6 consecutive d in each dlw period.
conclusion : these new equations derived over @number@ mo during weight stability can be used to estimate the free-living caloric requirements of nonobese adults.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct00427193.
rare single-gene disorders cause chronic disease.
however , half of the @number@ recessive single gene causes of disease are still unknown.
rare diseases comprise the majority of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) in children but are notoriously difficult to diagnose.
whole-exome resequencing facilitates identification of recessive disease genes.
however , its utility is impeded by the large number of genetic variants detected.
in @number@ of @number@ sibships with a histologic or ultrasonographic diagnosis of nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy , we detect the causative gene.
thus , whole-exome resequencing establishes an efficient , noninvasive approach towards early detection and causation-based diagnosis of rare kidney diseases.
this approach can be extended to other rare recessive disorders , thereby providing accurate diagnosis and facilitating the study of disease mechanisms.
methods : design : longitudinal study.
setting : in dordogne and gironde , south western france.
subjects : a total of @number@ french community dwellers aged @number@ years old and over from the paquid study were included.
main outcome measures : dyspnea measured on 5-grades scale , mortality measured over @number@ years of follow-up.
univariate analysis showed that dyspnea was associated with 13-year mortality.
conclusion : these findings suggest that the relationship between long-term mortality and dyspnea is strong , consistent and independent of other covariates in the elderly.
objective : to assess the role of functional status as a risk factor for nosocomial infections in the elderly.
design : prospective study.
setting : acute care for elders units of university hospital of grenoble.
participant : all patients over @number@ years old consecutively hospitalized between january and @date@ .
results : the study included @number@ patients.
the mean age was @number@.7±6.5 years.
a nosocomial infection was diagnosed for @percent@ of the patients.
conclusion : our results suggest a significant impact of functional impairment on the incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized elderly population.
disability is a higher risk factor for nosocomial infections than the usual and well-known other parameters.
larger prospective studies are needed to examine the power of this relationship.
objectives : to investigate patients ' views about their lowest tolerable blood glucose level and explore symptoms they may develop below that level.
design : a semi-structured patient interview.
setting : outpatient clinic for older people ( ≥75 years ) with diabetes.
results : sixty one patients gave answers to the interview questions.
mean ( sd ) age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were females.
all patients indicated that they were usually aware when hypoglycaemia occurs but the symptoms reported were mostly non specific.
conclusion : older people with diabetes who seem to be aware of hypoglycaemia report mostly non specific symptoms.
setting : the rosa parks geriatric center at detroit medical center / wayne state university.
participants : the study cohort consisted of elderly ( > 65 years old ) @number@ patients that had presented to the geriatric clinic.
measurements : nls and stohfla were simultaneously given to the patients.
additionally we also collected data on demographic information , educational experience , blood pressure recordings from @number@ consecutive clinic visits.
objectives : to identify factors associated with survival to the age of @number@ years old in 70 + elderly people.
design : the paquid prospective cohort on brain and functional ageing.
setting : @number@ randomly selected administrative communities in gironde and dordogne ( france ) .
participants were compared according to their survival status ( subjects who reached @number@ compared to those who did not ) .
the factors associated with survival were investigated separately for men and women by cox regression with , as much as possible , time-dependent variables.
results : some factors associated with survival were common to both genders , whereas some others appeared gender specific.
conversely , regular physical activity ( hr = 0.74 ) was associated with higher chance of survival.
conclusion : our findings confirm that survival up to @number@ is a multifactorial phenomenon with similarities and specificities by gender.
background : dietary patterns can be identified by a priori and a posterior approaches.
limited data have related dietary patterns with stroke risk in chinese population.
this study examined stroke risk associated with patterns identified by both approaches.
baseline dietary data were collected between @number@ and @number@ using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
data on incidence of stroke were retrieved from an official database in @number@
cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios ( hrs ) for stroke risk adjusted for potential confounders.
results : there were @number@ incident stroke events during a median follow up of @number@ years.
a posterior dietary patterns derived by fa were not associated with risk of incident stroke in either men or women.
objective : this study is a systematic analysis of regional and local ( urban-rural ) rates of over-weight among elderly people in china.
the primary goal is to update the different trends in over-nutrition by gender and location among elderly chinese.
the study population included elderly adults aged @number@ years or older interviewed during either of the two survey waves.
we compared changes in body mass index ( bmi ) with changes in the prevalence of over-nutrition across the @number@ years.
results : the mean bmi values observed ranged from @number@ kg / m² to @number@ kg / m².
the prevalence of over-weight ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ in both surveys.
there were increases in the prevalence of overweight that were greater than the reduction in the prevalence of underweight among chinese elderly people.
conclusion : this study found that the rates of overweight in elderly chinese increased overall between @number@ and @number@
china must act quickly to curb continued increases in overweight and the associated economic costs , with particular focus on target groups.
background : ambient particulate matter ( pm ) has been associated with mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular disease.
micrornas control gene expression at a posttranscriptional level.
polymorphisms in microrna-related genes could influence response to pm.
potential effect modification by six single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in three microrna-related genes was investigated.
fine pm ( pm2.5 ) , black carbon , organic carbon , and sulfates were measured at a stationary ambient monitoring site.
linear regression models , adjusted for potential confounders , were used to assess effects of particles and snp-by-pollutant interaction.
an in silico pathway analysis was performed on target genes of micrornas associated with the pollutants.
the strongest associations were observed with the 7-day moving averages for pm2.5 and black carbon and with the 48-hour moving averages for organic carbon.
the association with sulfates was stable across the moving averages.
no important associations were observed for mir-125a-5p , -125b , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
conclusions : exposure to ambient particles could cause a downregulation of micrornas involved in processes related to pm exposure.
polymorphisms in gemin4 and dgcr8 could modify these associations.
objective : to examine the association between depressive symptoms and functional status in elderly people living in an urban center in northeastern brazil.
the brazilian version of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to screen for depressive symptoms.
physical performance was assessed using the short physical performance battery.
a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for clinical and socioeconomic variables was used to analyze the association between depressive symptoms and functional performance.
television ( tv ) viewing is known to affect children's verbal abilities and other physical , cognitive , and emotional development in psychological studies.
however , the brain structural development associated with tv viewing has never been investigated.
we also confirmed negative effects of tv viewing on verbal intelligence quotient ( iq ) in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
these anatomical correlates may be linked to previously known effects of tv viewing on verbal competence , aggression , and physical activity.
objectives : most β-blockers may induce weight gain , dysglycemia , and dyslipidemia.
nebivolol is a third-generation β1-blocker with vasodilating properties mediated by β3 adrenergic receptors ( β3ar ) .
we investigated whether nebivolol is able to induce β3ar-mediated lipolysis , uncoupling protein @number@ ( ucp1 ) , and size-reduction in human adipocytes.
adipocytes were used to verify the effects of nebivolol onlipolysis , uncoupling protein @number@ ( ucp1 ) and other genes of the thermogenic program.
nebivolol-mediated lipolysis was blocked by sr59230a , a specific β3ar antagonist , suggesting that nebivolol acts through β3ar in human adipocytes.
moreover , nebivolol significantly reduced the diameter of lipid droplets in cultured adipocytes.
conclusion : in summary , nebivolol , through β3ar , is able to induce lipolysis and promote thermogenic and mitochondrial genes.
the induction of lipolysis and the thermogenic program could explain the reduction of lipid droplets size.
aim : to determine whether cynicism changes over time as a function of job change for nurses with high and low intentions to leave.
background : cynicism develops in reaction to organisational events including leaders ' actions and can result in costly passive withdrawal behaviours.
hierarchical linear modelling was used to examine the effect of the interaction between intention to leave , job change and time on cynicism.
conclusion : for those who desire it , an internal job change may allow for a recalibration of cynicism and increase employee engagement.
method : the present study was part of a population-based prospective trial aimed at reducing the incidence of stroke and dementia.
the 6cit was administered by general practitioners ( gps ) at routine examinations every two years.
incidence of dementia was obtained from health insurance records.
psychometric qualities of the 6cit were evaluated for two different cut-offs.
results : at baseline , @number@ gps examined @number@ patients.
in total , @number@ patients were diagnosed with new dementia.
less than @percent@ of the tests were not completed.
sensitivity and specificity reached values of @number@ and @number@ at the @date@ cut-off and of @number@ and @number@ at the @date@ cut-off , respectively.
patients with dementia had significantly higher mean error scores than patients without dementia.
high scores at baseline posed a more than fourfold risk of being diagnosed with dementia.
conclusion : the 6cit's psychometric properties in a real-world setting suggest that the test is not suited as a routine screening instrument.
factors inherent to screening in primary care likely contributed to its low reliability and validity.
this highlights the need for training gps in the conduct of cognitive screening before such procedures can be implemented on a routine basis.
background : low levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin d are common among black americans.
vitamin d-binding protein has not been considered in the assessment of vitamin d deficiency.
we genotyped study participants for two common polymorphisms in the vitamin d-binding protein gene ( rs7041 and rs4588 ) .
we estimated levels of bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin d in homozygous participants.
genetic polymorphisms independently appeared to explain @percent@ and @percent@ of the variation in levels of vitamin d-binding protein and total 25-hydroxyvitamin d , respectively.
( funded by the national institute on aging and others. ) .
mixed findings have also been published regarding whether somatic cells generated from ipscs are subject to premature senescence.
the importance of cellular quality-control systems in the maintenance of neuronal homoeostasis and in the defence against neurodegeneration is well recognized.
no such educational effort has yet been directed toward public health professionals.
six schools ( @percent@ ) included some palliative care content in related courses such as gerontology policy.
development and dissemination of appropriate curricular material to address the public health and policy aspects of palliative care is needed to address this gap.
major economic , political , demographic , social , and operational system factors are prompting evolutionary changes in health care delivery.
of particular significance , the \ "graying of america \ " promises new challenges and opportunities for health care social work.
it underscores the importance of social work inclusion in integrated health care delivery and offers recommendations for practice education.
veteran hospital administrators have many years of experience and can offer a wide array of skills and competencies to their organization.
as such , organizations should make every effort to retain these individuals and implement efforts for their continued contribution to the healthcare industry.
the authors discuss implications for potential knowledge transfer for cost minimization and medical tourism.
in this study , we tried to identify factors that influence hrqol in elderly patients hospitalized with chronic heart failure in serbia.
methods : the study population consisted of @number@ patients aged @number@ years or older hospitalized for chronic heart failure.
hrqol was assessed using the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire.
predictors of hrqol were identified by multiple linear regression analysis.
further , there is an association between multiple medication usage and poor hrqol , as well as a negative impact of cognitive impairment on hrqol.
background : several studies have confirmed dramatic changes in skin surface parameters during the winter months.
methods : this study included @number@ healthy female volunteers aged 35-55 years with phototype ii-iv skin.
randomization was balanced.
two tablets of a micronutrient supplement ( perfectil® platinum ) or placebo were administered once daily for @number@ months.
the volunteers were examined at baseline , after @number@ months , and @number@ weeks after termination of treatment ( month @number@ ) .
the photography scaling and self-assessment questionnaire revealed no significant changes in either group.
conclusion : these results indicate that the skin is prone to seasonal changes during winter , particularly in exposed areas.
hypertension is common in the elderly , and isolated systolic hypertension is responsible for the majority of hypertension in this population.
hypertension in the elderly can be attributed to numerous structural and functional changes to the vasculature that develop with advancing age.
increased systolic blood pressure is associated with adverse outcomes , including stroke , cardiovascular disease , and death.
purpose : endoscopic lasers have become a treatment option for benign prostate hyperplasia ( bph ) .
the study reported here sought to elucidate the benefits and drawbacks of different laser systems in the treatment of patients with bph.
methods : the study enrolled @number@ patients diagnosed with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to bph during the period @date@ to @date@ .
the techniques used in the study were photoselective vaporization of the prostate , thulium laser prostatectomy , and diode laser prostatectomy.
patients were assigned to one of three groups according to the type of laser treatment they received.
operative time and catheter removal time differed significantly between the three groups ( p = 0.001 ) .
no cases were converted to transurethral resection of the prostate intraoperatively due to bleeding ( p = 0.142 ) .
further , no significant differences in postoperative ipss , quality of life , or bladder neck contracture ( p = 0.23 ) were observed.
conclusion : laser prostatectomies are effective in dealing with lower urinary tract symptoms.
early subjective functional results ( maximal flow rate , ipss , and post-void residual urine ) appeared the same as those obtained following laser prostatectomy.
thus , it appears that lasers are safe and effective as long as the patients are carefully selected for treatment.
this gene-nutrient interaction , which appears to be limited to women , warrants further examination in randomized controlled trials of vitamin d supplementation.
copd ( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ) is a respiratory disease characterized by progressive and largely irreversible airway limitation and extrapulmonary problems.
the prevalence of copd increases with age.
mental health problems , including cognitive capacity limitations , occur frequently.
possible causes are hypoxemia , hypercapnia , exacerbations and decreased physical activity.
background : in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , apathy was associated with faster clinical deterioration.
studies involving neurobiological correlates such as neuroimaging and biomarkers have presented distinct results.
methods : this review comprised studies published from @number@ to @date@ from the pubmed database.
the studies were divided into part i ( neuroimaging ) and part ii ( chemical biomarkers ) .
the analysis included the identification of brain regions involved and assessments of apathy and cognition.
from the @number@ eligible studies , @number@ were classified into part i , and @number@ studies were included in part ii.
we created specific criteria to appropriately classify the quality level of each publication.
results : prefrontal regions and the anterior cingulate were the leading brain areas associated with apathy in ad and mci.
other regions , including cortical and subcortical structures , have also been implicated in this syndrome.
effects of age and cardiovascular disease risk factors were evaluated by multivariable mixed regression and ancova models.
yem increased more among participants who were aged > 75 years old at baseline ( p < 0.0001 ) .
in multivariable analyses , older age and less education independently predicted worsening yem and distensibility coefficient.
stopping antihypertensive medication during the study period predicted more severe worsening of yem ( β = 360.2 mm hg ; p = 0.008 ) .
conclusions : arterial stiffening accelerates with advanced age.
older individuals experience greater increases in yem than do younger adults , even after considering the effects of traditional risk factors.
treating hypertension may slow the progressive decline in carotid artery distensibility observed with aging and improve cerebrovascular health.
background : a substantial proportion of the general population has low lung function , and lung function is known to decrease as we age.
low lung function is a feature of several pulmonary disorders , such as uncontrolled asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
this number is expected to rise to @number@ by @number@
the age-standardized annual incidence of dementia is also high : @number@ per @number@ population , with @number@ new cases annually.
dementia is the leading cause of disability among older adults and is the main cause of dependency , financial burden and caregiver stress.
introduction : with a rapidly aging society , geriatric mental health is emerging as an important public health concern.
objectives : to estimate the prevalence of depression and assess association between sociodemographic parameters and depression among older adults in a rural indian community.
universal sampling technique was employed , in which every household in the community was visited and all elderly persons were selected.
the inclusion criterion was a score > 24 on the mini-mental state examination.
final sample size was @number@
study variables included sociodemographic parameters such as age , sex , education , occupation , socioeconomic status , and marital status.
data entry and statistical analysis used spss version @number@
results : of @number@ respondents interviewed , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were aged 60-69 years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were male.
female sex and widowhood were significantly associated with depression.
conclusions : depression , particularly mild depression , is common in this rural population of older adults , particularly among women and widowed elderly.
zinc levels are high in ocular tissues and the distribution is non-uniform.
zinc is particularly concentrated in the corneal epithelium and posterior stroma.
zinc is the most abundant trace metal in the retina.
loosely-bound zinc ions in the photoreceptors might play a role in the phototransduction cascade and rhodopsin regeneration.
the retinal homeostasis of zinc is dysregulated in systemic zinc depletion , aging and diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
manipulation of retinal zinc metabolism in these situations might improve visual function.
although the total contact cast is the criterion standard for the pressure redistribution of challenging foot ulcers , in practice it is not often feasible.
oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons interfere with several biological processes , ultimately leading to cell death.
evidence has been developed for oxidative and nitrative damage to key cellular components in the pd substantia nigra.
additionally , cellular homeostatic processes including the ubiquitin-proteasome system and mitophagy are impacted by oxidative stress.
however , therapeutic attempts to target the general state of oxidative stress in clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an impact on disease progression.
objective : to analyze the predisposing factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
methods : the clinical data of @number@ patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from @date@ to @date@ were analyzed retrospectively.
there were @number@ male and @number@ female patients , aging from @number@ to @number@ years.
all the patients were devided into pancreatic fistula group ( n = @number@ ) and non-pancreatic fistula group ( n = @number@ ) .
the variables with significance ( p < @number@ ) were then analyzed with logistic regression model.
pancreatic fistula rate was @percent@ ( 52 / 323 ) , @number@ patients died for pancreatic fistula pf.
background : white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) lesions on t2 / flair brain mri are frequently seen in healthy elderly people.
whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate.
in a subset of @number@ cases with prominent perivascular wmh , no corresponding demyelination was found in @number@ cases.
conclusions : mri t2 / flair overestimates periventricular and perivascular lesions compared to histopathologically confirmed demyelination.
the current study focuses on the characteristics of older people with intellectual disabilities with the lowest frailty levels.
frailty is an increased risk of adverse health outcomes and dependency.
older adults with intellectual disabilities ( id ) show more signs of early frailty than the general population.
knowledge of the least frail group characteristics may provide insight into possibilities to prevent early frailty in older people with intellectual disabilities.
frailty was measured with a frailty index.
the least frail group was selected based on a frailty index score ≤ @number@
odds ratios were used to compare the occurrence of health deficits in the least frail group to the remaining group.
the least frail group consisted of @number@ participants , corresponding with @percent@ of the study population.
the least frail group was significantly younger , had less severe levels of id , and less often down syndrome than the remaining group.
interventions to prevent or delay frailty in this population are highly recommended and can focus on health characteristics of the least frail group.
a genome-wide association study identified eif2ak3 as a risk factor for psp.
eif2ak3 encodes perk , part of the endoplasmic reticulum's ( er ) unfolded protein response ( upr ) .
perk is an er membrane protein that senses unfolded protein accumulation within the er lumen.
results : we found upr activation primarily in disease-affected brain regions in both disorders.
in psp , the upr was primarily activated in the pons and medulla and to a much lesser extent in the hippocampus.
in ad , the upr was extensively activated in the hippocampus.
finally , we evaluated eif2ak3 coding variants that influence perk activation.
we show that a haplotype associated with increased perk activation is genetically associated with increased psp risk.
background : infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy ( inad ) is a rare autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative disorder.
patients with inad usually show neurological symptoms with infant onset and die in childhood.
results : here , we report a japanese individual with neuroaxonal dystrophy associated with compound heterozygous mutations in the pla2g6 gene.
a novel splice-site mutation resulting in skipping and missense mutations ( p.r538c ) in exon @number@ was identified in the patient.
the patient survived until @number@ years of age.
in particular , lb pathology exhibited a unique distribution with extremely severe cortical involvement.
conclusions : our results support a genetic clinical view that compound heterozygous mutations with potential residual protein function are associated with a relatively mild phenotype.
moreover , the severe lb pathology suggests that dysfunction of the pla2g6 gene primarily contributes to lb formation.
however many clinical and biomarker studies report cases with a single neurodegenerative disease.
we examined multimodal biomarker correlates of the consecutive series of the first @number@ alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative autopsies.
clinical data , neuropsychological measures , cerebrospinal fluid aβ , total and phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein and mri and fdg-pet scans.
all patients had a pathological diagnosis of ad , but only four had pure ad.
occipital fdg-pet hypometabolism accurately classified coincident dlb ( @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ specificity ) .
subjects with coincident mtl showed lower hippocampal volume.
conclusions : biomarkers can be used to independently predict coincident ad and dlb pathology , a common finding in amnestic mci and dat patients.
cohorts with comprehensive neuropathological assessments and multimodal biomarkers are needed to characterize independent predictors for the different neuropathological substrates of cognitive impairment.
aβ and tau biomarkers had high accuracy to discriminate cases and controls ( testing area under the curve : @number@ ) .
conclusions : our study identified several csf small-molecule metabolites that discriminated especially well between clinically diagnosed ad and control groups.
they appear to be suitable for further confirmatory and validation studies , and show the potential to provide predictive performance for ad.
objectives : the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the capacity to acclimatise to exercise-heat stress.
this study hypothesised that age would not affect body temperature and heat loss effector responses to short-term exercise-heat acclimation in trained subjects.
design : seven young subjects ( 19-32 years ) were matched with @number@ older subjects ( 50-63 years ) .
results : tr , tsk , %hrmax , cvc and msw were similar across age groups both pre and post heat acclimation.
following heat acclimation relative decreases and increases in tr and msw , respectively , were similar in both subject groups.
these data suggest age does not affect the capacity to acclimatise to exercise-heat stress in highly trained adults undergoing short-term heat acclimation.
reductions in reelin levels have been suggested to contribute to alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathophysiology.
here , we aimed to investigate whether a similar reelin-associated neuropathology is observed in the aged human hippocampus and whether it correlated with dementia status.
results : our immunohistochemical stainings revealed the presence of n- and c-terminus-containing reelin fragments in corpora amylacea ( cam ) , aging-associated spherical deposits.
the density of these deposits was increased in the molecular layer of the subiculum of ad compared to non-demented individuals.
however , its presence may also be an indicator of a degenerative state of neuritic compartments.
a relationship between blood pressure level and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality can be demonstrated by way of a j-curve.
the curve's lowest point , the optimal blood pressure , does not appear to be the same for all patients.
the target blood pressure values found in guidelines are partly based on randomised interventional studies in which different target values have been compared.
the general advised target blood pressure is < 140 / 90 mmhg for patients with cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease.
for patients with diabetes mellitus the target blood pressure is < 140 / 85 mmhg.
however , to date similar strategies have not been successful in human ad patients.
in ad , this protective program may be overridden by genetic and other risk factors , or its maintenance may become dysregulated during aging.
so far , the german version of the cane has not been established in health services research.
major reasons for this are a lack of publications of cane's german version and the missing validation of the instrument.
descriptive statistics and inference-statistical analyses were calculated.
agreement level between patients ' and relatives ' ratings in cane was moderate to low.
evidence for the construct validity of cane was found in terms of significant associations between cane and other instruments or scores.
conclusions : the study results provide an important basis for studies aiming at the assessment of met and unmet needs in the elderly population.
here we report diagnostic and cognitive findings at the first ( 18-month ) follow-up of the cohort.
the first aim was to compute rates of transition from hc to mci , and mci to ad.
the second aim was to characterize the cognitive profiles of individuals who transitioned to a more severe disease stage compared with those who did not.
a subgroup also underwent amyloid pet and mri neuroimaging.
the 18-month cohort comprised @number@ hcs , @number@ mci cases , @number@ ad patients , and one parkinson's disease dementia case.
the transition rate from mci to ad was @percent@.
conclusion : there was a high retention rate after @number@ months.
rates of transition from healthy aging to mci , and mci to ad , were consistent with established estimates.
follow-up of this cohort over longer periods will elucidate robust predictors of future cognitive decline.
axonal degeneration is a central process in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases.
understanding the molecular mechanisms that are involved in axonal degeneration is crucial to developing new therapies against diseases involving neuronal damage.
resveratrol is a putative sirt1 activator that has been shown to delay neurodegenerative diseases , including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , alzheimer , and huntington's disease.
however , the effect of resveratrol on axonal degeneration is still controversial.
furthermore , the effect of resveratrol on wallerian degeneration was lost when sirt1 was pharmacologically inhibited.
we found biochemical evidence suggesting that resveratrol protects against wallerian degeneration by promoting the dissociation of sirt1 and dbc1 in cultured ganglia.
finally , we demonstrated that resveratrol can delay degeneration of crushed nerves in vivo.
we propose that resveratrol protects against wallerian degeneration by activating sirt1 through dissociation from its inhibitor dbc1.
objectives : the aim of this study was to describe new mutations of col7a1 in patients with deb and acc and investigate possible genotype-phenotype correlations.
results : seven patients presented a severe generalized rdeb phenotype ( rdeb-sev-gen ) , while the other @number@ suffered from milder phenotypes.
we identified @number@ mutations in col7a1 , of which nine are novel.
patients with severe phenotypes have mostly mutations leading to premature termination codon ( ptc ) and / or splice-site or missense mutations.
patients with the milder phenotypes have mostly glycine or arginine substitutions associated or not with other types of mutations.
design : a cross-sectional , descriptive study.
methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling older women were recruited from three cities in south-east korea.
direct and indirect effects of ageing-related stereotypic beliefs on self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviours were examined using path analyses.
results : ageing-related stereotypic beliefs significantly predicted self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviours.
conclusions : ageing-related stereotypic beliefs function as a factor lowering self-efficacy as well as decreasing health-promoting behaviours.
the findings demonstrate the significance of ageing-related stereotypic beliefs and self-efficacy in guiding the health-promoting behaviours of older people.
the development of nursing interventions to improve positive attitudes towards old age and self-efficacy is essential for enhancing health-promoting behaviours.
here , we investigate the mechanistic connection between sirt3 and energy homeostasis.
oscp was further investigated and lysine @number@ is a nutrient-sensitive sirt3-dependent deacetylation target.
conclusion : our data suggest that acetylome signaling contributes to mitochondrial energy homeostasis by sirt3-mediated deacetylation of atp synthase proteins.
exemplary scientific methods describe concepts and provide theories for further testing.
for the field of relative age effects ( raes ) in sport , the scientific method appears to be limited to description.
herein , we argue that social agents have the largest influence on raes.
specifically , we propose that parents influence raes through matthew effects , coaches influence raes through pygmalion effects and athletes influence raes through galatea effects.
integrating these three theories , we propose a model that explains raes through these various social agents.
the role of melatonin in the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract had previously been limited to its well-described anti-oxidant properties.
the receptors for melatonin , the membrane bound melatonin receptors @number@ and @number@ are present on some smooth muscles , neurons , and epithelium.
recent studies have begun to look at melatonin release from the gi epithelium using real-time electrochemical detection methods.
in addition , the effects of melatonin supplementation on the production of endogenous melatonin and its precursor serotonin are suppressed.
in summary , the role of melatonin in the gi tract is coming of age.
there are many studies showing a clear role for endogenously produced melatonin and clear effects of melatonin supplementation.
newly developed electrochemical techniques for exploring melatonin availability in real-time promise to accelerate our understanding of gi melatonin in the years to come.
results : of the respondents , @percent@ were found to be severely or very severely lonely , while another @percent@ were moderately lonely.
social and emotional loneliness shared @time@ % variance.
conclusion : this study provides further empirical support for the conceptual separation of emotional and social loneliness.
introduction : knowledge about determinants of sexual activity in older adults in the general population is limited.
human senescence has been delayed by a decade , and people are reaching old age in better health.
main outcome measure : the main outcome measure was sexual activity ( defined as intercourse ) during the past year.
having an older partner , diabetes mellitus , coronary heart disease , higher physical health-sum score , and depression were related to less sexual activity.
having an older partner and depression showed stronger negative associations in the 1970s.
physical health-sum score showed a stronger negative association in 1992-2001.
conclusions : we found that determinants of sexual activity in older people are numerous and varied , and change over time.
it is thus important that health professionals and others take a holistic approach when dealing with sexual problems in older adults.
sexual aging should be part of health care and medical education.
clinicians should be trained to ask older patients about sexual concerns.
however , little is known about the bmi change close to or after ad onset.
stratification analyses were run to determine whether bmi changes depended on baseline bmi status.
after clinical onset of ad , there was no significant decrease of bmi.
bmi even increased ( b = 0.11 , p = 0.004 ) among prevalent ad participants in nacc.
the pattern of bmi change may also depend on the initial bmi.
any factor that is capable of causing these events is potentially a risk factor for ad.
in the last decade , evidence has accumulated to support the association between cerebral vascular diseases ( cvd ) and ad.
in this review , we propose a positive feedback loop between cvd and amyloid deposition.
slow wave sleep ( sws ) is known to favour episodic memory consolidation.
retention capacities were evaluated after @number@ h of wakefulness or @number@ h of sleep.
performances before and after the interval allowed us to calculate a forgetting rate.
sleep architecture was measured by polysomnography ( older adults = @number@ min ; young adults : @number@ min ) .
our results showed that the beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation was reduced in older adults compared to young adults.
in older adults , sleep did not enhance memory consolidation significantly compared to wakefulness.
however , no difference in slow wave sleep was observed ( @percent@ ; not significant ) and no correlation was found with performance.
age-related changes in sleep parameters may have a negative impact on memory consolidation in older adults.
patterns are similar for medical expenditures.
several policy implications are explored.
myc is a potent oncogene involved in ∼70% of human cancers , inducing tumorigenesis with high penetrance and short latency in experimental transgenic models.
empirical evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of almost all cases of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the rate of correct response in naming colour ( accuracy ) and associated reaction time ( rt ) were recorded for the cognitive task.
the excursion of the centre of pressure and surface electromyogramme ( emg ) of leg muscles were measured.
modulation in the efficacy of homonymous ia afferents to discharge spinal motor neurones was assessed by means of the hoffmann ( h ) reflex method.
in contrast , the h reflex amplitude did not change with the cognitive load.
we estimated the prevalence of frailty and examined associations with morbidity and mortality.
morbidity was defined as grade @number@ to @number@ chronic conditions ( common terminology criteria for adverse events version @number@ ) .
fisher's exact tests were used to compare , by frailty status , percentages of those with morbidity.
cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate associations between frailty and death.
frail ccs were more likely than nonfrail survivors to have a chronic condition ( @percent@ @date@ @percent@ ) .
conclusion : the prevalence of frailty among young adult ccs is similar to that among adults @number@ years old and older , suggesting accelerated aging.
ability to predict which patients might benefit more of therapy might facilitate personalization of treatment.
the aim of this study was to obtain information about clinical characteristics which might predict the hba1c response to dpp-4 inhibitors.
we did a meta-regression analysis.
seventy-eight articles were eligible , with @number@ arms and @number@ patients.
in the multivariate meta-regression model , baseline hba1c , fasting glucose , and type of dpp-4 inhibitor explained @number@ % of total variance.
ampk activation is suspected to mediate some of the health-protective effects of long-term calorie restriction.
therefore , it is tempting to investigate their use as a tool to improve regenerative medicine strategies in orthopedics.
growing evidence in vitro suggests a role for polyamines in enhancing differentiation in both adult stem cells and differentiated chondrocytes.
context : the association between early menopause and vascular disease as a possible causative factor has recently received attention.
preeclampsia ( pe ) is associated with future cardiovascular risk factors , and this premature vascular aging potentially modifies the ovarian aging process.
design : this was a retrospective cohort study.
setting : the study was conducted in a tertiary referral center.
interventions : there were no interventions.
main outcome measures : the relative decrease in amh levels was assessed after a median follow-up of @number@ years.
conclusions : we demonstrate that women with a history of pe have significantly lower amh levels than women with normotensive pregnancies.
calculations based on a reference population indicate advancement of reproductive age of approximately @number@ years.
context : to establish the clinical utility of serum sclerostin levels , it is important to know whether there is seasonal variation in the measurements.
objective : this study was done to determine whether serum sclerostin levels vary by season in healthy older men and women.
sex did not modify the association of season with sclerostin , so the men and women were analyzed together.
results : serum sclerostin levels varied significantly by season ( p < @number@ after adjustment for sex ) .
adjustment for serum osteocalcin , physical activity , and serum pth did not alter the seasonal means.
seasonal differences in serum osteocalcin , physical activity , and serum pth were not statistically significant.
conclusions : this study documents marked seasonal variation in serum sclerostin levels.
it is important to recognize this source of biological variability when considering the potential clinical utility of sclerostin measurements.
material and methods : a total of @number@ patients were examined.
a typical snellen's chart ( the direction of the gap in landolt c ) was used for noncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity testing.
contrast sensitivity was evaluated by employing a ginsburg box , vscr-cst-6500.
comparing these groups , all the differences at the nighttime and daytime with and without glare were significant.
contrast sensitivity was very similar in the age groups of 40-49 and 50-59 years.
importance : milk consumption during adolescence is recommended to promote peak bone mass and thereby reduce fracture risk in later life.
however , its role in hip fracture prevention is not established and high consumption may adversely influence risk by increasing height.
exposures : frequency of consumption of milk and other foods during ages @number@ to @number@ years and attained height were reported at baseline.
current diet , weight , smoking , physical activity , medication use , and other risk factors for hip fractures were reported on biennial questionnaires.
results : during follow-up , @number@ hip fractures were identified in women and @number@ in men.
the association was attenuated when height was added to the model ( rr = @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.98-1.14 ) .
conclusions and relevance : greater milk consumption during teenage years was not associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in older adults.
the positive association observed in men was partially mediated through attained height.
klotho protects against renal and vascular injury.
klotho expression is inhibited by aldosterone.
the present study explored the interaction of aldosterone and doca as well as the moderately selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on klotho expression.
in hek293 cells , protein levels were determined by western blotting.
results : in hek293 cells aldosterone and in mice doca significantly decreased klotho gene expression , effects opposed by spironolactone treatment.
moreover , spironolactone significantly increased klotho and cyp27b1 protein levels in hek293 cells ( @number@ hours ) .
reduced nr3c2 expression following silencing did not significantly affect klotho and cyp27b1 transcript levels in presence or absence of spironolactone.
silencing of cyp27b1 and vdr significantly blunted the stimulating effect of spironolactone on klotho mrna levels in hek293 cells.
objective : this study examined potential predictors of nurses ' intentions to work during the @number@ influenza a ( h1n1 ) pandemic.
results : of the @number@ respondents , @percent@ initially indicated that they intended to work during a flu pandemic.
about @percent@ of rns reported that they would not be willing to work during a flu pandemic , regardless of incentives or other factors.
an inverse relationship was found between the perceived level of threat posed by a flu pandemic and nurses ' willingness to work.
the level of perceived threat is likely to affect the proportion of nurses willing to work.
design : prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial.
setting : surgical or burn icu.
patients : eighteen patients who required intensive insulin therapy.
interventions : a 72-hour continuous infusion of either glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @number@ pmol / kg / min ) or normal saline plus intensive insulin therapy.
blood glucose levels in the glucagon-like peptide-1 group were better controlled with much less variability.
the coefficient of variation of blood glucose ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ in the glucagon-like peptide-1 group and from @percent@ to @percent@ in saline group.
the 72-hour average insulin infusion rates were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ u / hr ( p = not significant ) .
improved stability of blood glucose is a favorable outcome , which enhances the safety of intensive insulin therapy.
larger studies of this potentially valuable therapy for glycemic control in the icu are justified.
memory and learning declines are consequences of normal aging.
remarkably , @percent@ of the known genes from those @number@ most significant genes are associated with either inflammation or immune system activation.
a validated lc-ms / ms method was developed for the determination of d -serine in human plasma.
the method was fully validated for use with human plasma samples and was linear from @number@ nmol / ml to @number@ nmol / ml.
while only preliminary data , the results suggests the potential importance in determining the d-ser levels in plasma and their potential role in physiological response.
objective : to examine the effect of donor age and other perioperative factors on long-term endothelial cell loss after penetrating keratoplasty ( pkp ) .
design : multicenter , prospective , double-masked clinical trial.
methods : corneas from donors @number@ to @number@ years old were assigned to participants using a randomized approach , without respect to recipient factors.
surgery and postoperative care were performed according to the surgeons ' usual routines.
images of the central endothelium were obtained preoperatively and at intervals for @number@ years postoperatively.
images were analyzed by a central image analysis reading center to determine endothelial cell density ( ecd ) .
main outcome measures : endothelial cell density at @number@ years.
greater preoperative ecd and larger donor tissue size are associated with higher ecd at @number@ years.
objective : to determine whether the 10-year success rate of penetrating keratoplasty for corneal endothelial disorders is associated with donor age.
design : multicenter , prospective , double-masked clinical trial.
surgery and postoperative care were performed according to the surgeons ' usual routines.
the relative decrease in the success rate with donor ages @number@ to @number@ years was not observed until after year @number@
stem cell frequencies were determined with multiparameter flow cytometry and using an internal control to determine the intrinsic variance of the assays.
progenitor cell frequency was determined using a standard colony assay technique.
the frequency of outliers from undetermined methodological causes was highest for blood , but less than @percent@ for all values.
the frequency of these hsc populations in trochanteric and femoral bone marrow rose significantly with age.
in contrast , there was no significant trend of either of these cell populations with age in the blood.
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells exhibited changes in frequencies with age that differed between blood and bone marrow.
cerebrovascular disease has long been the leading cause of death in portugal.
the authors review the evidence on the situation in portugal and propose an intervention plan.
the aging risk factor for parkinson's disease is described in terms of specific disease markers including mitochondrial and gene dysfunctions relevant to energy metabolism.
this review details evidence for the ability of nutritional agents to manage these aging risk factors.
in addition there are potential synergies to support a neurorestorative role via glial derived neurotrophic factor expression.
human genetic mosaicism is the presence of two or more cellular populations with distinct genotypes in an individual who developed from a single fertilized ovum.
early evidence indicates detectable clonal mosaicism increases in frequency with age and could preferentially occur in males.
moreover , it is also plausible that the presence of large structural events could be associated with cancer risk.
telomeres play an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability / integrity and are synthesized by the rna-dependent polymerase telomerase.
however , little is known about these changes in the early stage of gestation.
the inverse correlation between tert or terc expression and gestational age was steadily observed in these fetus tissues.
background : how drug adverse events ( aes ) are communicated in the united states may mislead consumers and result in low adherence.
requiring written information to include numeric ae-likelihood information might lessen these effects , but providing numbers may disadvantage less skilled populations.
less numerate middle-aged and older adults , however , showed less influence of numeric format on willingness to take the medication.
it is unclear whether differences are clinically meaningful , although some differences are large.
conclusions : providing numeric ae-likelihood information ( compared with nonnumeric ) is likely to increase risk comprehension across numeracy and age levels.
its effects on uptake and adherence of prescribed drugs should be similar across the population , except perhaps in older , less numerate individuals.
we determined whether sex and diabetes were factors associated with the response to exercise rehabilitation in patients with claudication.
methods : eighty patients were randomized to home-based and supervised exercise programs , and @number@ finished with complete exercise intervention data.
exercise consisted of intermittent walking to near maximal claudication pain for @number@ months.
primary outcome measures included claudication onset time ( cot ) and peak walking time.
patients were partitioned into diabetic and nondiabetic groups and then further partitioned by sex to form four groups.
the erythrocyte deformability and heme degradation for @number@ subjects with scd and @number@ with sickle trait were compared with normal healthy adults.
objectives : this in vitro study should assess the fracture resistance of veneered zirconia-based crowns with either luted or fused veneer.
all frameworks were veneered with cad / cam-fabricated lithium disilicate ceramic ( ips e.max cad ; ivoclar / vivadent ) .
half of the specimens were then loaded until failure without artificial aging ; the other half underwent artificial aging before assessment of the ultimate load.
to compare the two techniques further , finite element analysis ( fea ) and fractographic assessment using sem and edx analysis were conducted.
statistical assessment was performed by use of non-parametric tests.
results : initial fracture forces were higher in the fusion group ( mean : 1388±190 n versus 1211±158 n ) .
all specimens were insensitive to artificial aging.
fractographic analysis revealed that both fused and luted specimens had cohesive and adhesive fracture patterns which resulted in partial delamination of the veneer.
significance : fused crowns are superior to luted crowns.
objective : to investigate the associations of serum vitamin b12 , red cell folate , and cognitive impairment.
eligible subjects who had blood measurements of vitamin b12 and red cell folate taken within six months of cognitive testing were included.
subjects with stroke or neurodegenerative diseases other than alzheimer's disease were excluded.
a mini-mental state examination score of < 24 was used to define impaired cognitive function.
conclusions : high folate or folic acid supplements may be detrimental to cognition in older people with low vitamin b12 levels.
this topic is of global significance due to the wide distribution of food fortification programs , so prospective studies should be a high priority.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and non-pathological cognitive aging have phenotypic similarities which may be influenced by an overlapping set of genetic variants.
genome-wide complex trait analysis estimates that common genetic variants account for about @percent@ of the variation contributing to liability for ad.
it is also estimated that @percent@ of the variance of non-pathological cognitive aging is accounted for by common single nucleotide polymorphisms.
environmental mediators of these associations were also examined.
interviewer-administered surveys were conducted to collect data on walking and sociodemographics.
neighborhood environments were audited.
while no mediators of area ses-walking associations were identified , several environmental attributes explained the associations of educational attainment with walking.
results indicate that 60-year-old men in são paulo in @number@ could expect to live @number@ years and women @number@ years without cognitive impairment.
by @number@ life expectancy without cognitive impairment had increased to @number@ years for men and @number@ years for women.
however , the absolute number of years with cognitive impairment remained relatively constant with age.
the results indicate a trend for improvements in life expectancy without cognitive impairment over time in são paulo.
adults in brazil still face many years of cognitive impairment in their older years , particularly when compared with estimates from developed countries.
we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of cationic nanobubbles and micelles in human neutrophils.
soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate ( sme ) and bromide ( ctab ) are the two cationic surfactants employed in this study.
the zeta potential of ctab nanobubbles was @number@ mv , which was the highest among all formulations.
nanobubbles , without cationic surfactants , showed no cytotoxic effects on neutrophils in terms of inflammatory responses.
cationic nanobubbles caused a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of degranulation ( elastase release ) and membrane damage ( release of lactate dehydrogenase , ldh ) .
among all nanoparticles and micelles , ctab-containing nanosystems showed the greatest inflammatory responses.
a ctab nanobubble diluent ( 1 / 150 ) increased the ldh release 80-fold.
propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) verified cell death and morphological change of neutrophils treated by ctab nanobubbles.
sme , in a micelle form , strengthened the inflammatory response more than sme-loaded nanobubbles.
membrane interaction and subsequent ca ( 2 + ) influx were the mechanisms that triggered inflammation.
the information obtained from this work is beneficial in designing nanoparticulate formulations for balancing clinical activity and toxicity.
platelets are crucial mediators of the acute complications of atherosclerosis causing life-threatening ischemic events throughout plaque development.
the inhibition of the platelet function has been used for a long time in an effort to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
however , morbidity and mortality figures indicate that current anti-platelet strategies are far from a panacea.
objective : to compare the performances of fecal occult blood quantitive testing instrument and colloidal gold strip method in colorectal cancer screening.
the positive subjects from either method would be provided a further colonoscopy examination for pathological diagnosis.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects submitted their two fecal samples according to our requirement in @number@ subjects.
the difference showed statistical significance ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the performances of fecal occult blood quantitive testing instrument might be better than colloidal gold strip method in colorectal cancer screening.
however , the results need to be further verified.
stem cell transplantation is a potential therapy for regenerative medicine , which aims to restore tissues damaged by trauma , aging , and diseases.
since its conception in the late 1990s , chemical biology has provided powerful and diverse small molecule tools for modulating stem cell function.
embryonic stem cells could be an ideal source for transplantation , but ethical concerns restrict their development for cell therapy.
the seminal advance of induced pluripotent stem cell ( ipsc ) technology provided an attractive alternative to human embryonic stem cells.
in this review , we summarize these advances and discuss the latest progress in developing small molecule modulators.
background : this paper describe the development of interrai's second-generation home care quality indicators ( hc-qis ) .
they are derived from two of interrai's widely used community assessments : the community health assessment and the home care assessment.
methods : two data sets were used : at the client and home-care site levels.
client-level data were employed to identify hc-qi covariates.
this sample consisted of @number@ clients from europe , canada , and the united states.
next , they were reviewed by industry representatives and members of the interrai network.
a two-step process adjustment was followed to identify the most appropriate covariance structure for each hc-qi.
finally , a factor analytic strategy was used to identify hc-qis that cluster together and thus are candidates for summary scales.
two factors were identified.
the first includes a set of eleven measures that revolve around the absence of decline.
this scale talks about functional independence and engagement.
the second factor , anchored on nine functional improvement hc-qis , referenced positively , this scale indicates a return to clinical balance.
conclusions : twenty-three risk-adjusted , hc-qis are described.
two new summary hc-qi scales , the \ "independence quality scale \ " and the \ "clinical balance quality scale \ " are derived.
cirrhosis was defined as a cut-off of @number@ kpa.
the follow-up period was the time between liver biopsy and te.
cox regression models adjusted for age , gender and liver fibrosis stage at baseline were applied.
results : the median follow-up time was @number@ years [ interquartile range ( iqr ) @date@ years ] .
the median time from the diagnosis of hcv infection to the end of follow-up was @number@ years ( iqr @date@ @number@ years ) .
three progressors died from liver disease ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : a high proportion of patients with stage f0-f2 fibrosis progress to advanced liver fibrosis.
advanced liver fibrosis must be included in the list of diseases associated with aging.
our results support the recommendation to offer hcv antiviral therapy to hiv / hcv-coinfected patients at early stages of liver fibrosis.
background : pronounced nasojugal groove ( tear trough deformity ) is one of the landmarks of aging.
hyaluronic acid filler can be used for attenuating the nasojugal sulcus but irregular lumpness and overcorrection are common adverse reactions.
objectives : we evaluated the effect of restylane vital® with its specialized injector on volume correction and skin tone of nasojugal groove.
subjects and method : ten korean women were enrolled in this study.
the treatment was performed in one session.
outcome assessments included standardized photography , mexameter , and spectrometer for skin tone , global evaluation by blinded investigators , and patients ' self-assessment.
an assessment was made before treatment , immediately after treatment , and @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after the treatment.
results : all patients reported a high degree of satisfaction.
duration of overall effect varied among the patients.
correction of the nasojugal groove with a restylane vital® injector causes minimal tissue trauma and allows exact placement of hyaluronic acid.
restylane vital® injector offers more predictable results and a lower incidence of adverse effects than more commonly used techniques.
conclusions : hyaluronic acid filler intradermal injection with special injector is a safe and effective method for correction of nasojugal groove.
methods : a retrospective analysis of data from the united kingdom collaborative hiv cohort was carried out.
analyses were limited to antiretroviral-naïve subjects to focus on the impact of hiv disease itself.
a total of @number@ subjects were included in the analysis.
multilevel linear regression models assessed associations between cd4 count / vl and each of the outcomes.
statistical tests for interactions assessed whether associations differed among age groups.
conclusions : we present evidence that age modifies associations between cd4 count and plasma albumin and haemoglobin levels.
a given reduction in cd4 count was associated with a greater reduction in haemoglobin and albumin concentrations among older people living with hiv.
these findings increase our understanding of how the metabolic impact of hiv is influenced by age.
correlational and mediation analyses were used to test the potential mediating effects of health-related behaviors on the associations between personality and integrity.
conclusion : conscientiousness was associated with all @number@ measures of brain integrity , which we tentatively interpret as the effects of personality on brain aging.
small proportions of the direct effects were mediated by individual health behaviors.
results provide initial indications that lifetime stable personality traits may influence brain health in later life through health-promoting behaviors.
result : the number of epcs ( @percent@ vs.
@percent@ of total wbcs , p < @number@ ) , and epc-tl ( @number@ vs.
@number@ kb / genome , p = @number@ ) were markedly lower in pcad patients compared to controls.
these differences persisted after adjustment for age , sex , bmi , smoking and medications.
epc-ta was reduced in pcad patients , but was statistically significant only after adjustment for confounding factors ( @number@ vs.
@number@ iu / cell , unadjusted p = @number@ adjusted p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : we observed an association between increased vascular cell senescence with pcad in a sample of young patients from india.
amh doesn't predict live-birth chances after ivf.
neither does amh predict the chances of spontaneous pregnancy nor the success rates of ovarian stimulation with / without intra-uterine insemination.
this would support our hypothesis that the genetic influence upon exceptional longevity increases with older and older ( and rarer ) ages.
we investigated this list of markers using similar genetic data from @number@ studies of centenarians from the usa , europe and japan.
the results from the meta-analysis show that many of these variants are associated with survival to these extreme ages in other studies.
background : new biomarkers may aid in preventive and end-of-life decisions in older adults if they enhance the prognostic ability of traditional risk factors.
methods : from @number@ to @number@ @number@ community-dwelling individuals ( ≥60 years ) were followed-up.
death was ascertained by continuous verification of death certificates.
results : @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died in a mean follow-up time of @number@ years.
all models were well-calibrated.
background : physical performance is a major determinant of health in older adults , and is related to lifestyle factors.
dietary fiber has multiple health benefits.
it remains unclear whether fiber intake is independently linked to superior physical performance.
we aimed to assess the association between dietary fiber and physical performance in older adults.
daily dietary fiber intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
conclusions : dietary fiber intake was independently associated with better physical performance.
dysregulation of circadian rhythmicity is identified as a key factor in disease pathogenesis.
endonuclease dicer controls mirna and dsrna processing , however the role of dicer in circadian regulation is not known.
the dicer oscillations were either reduced or phase shifted with aging and type @number@ diabetes.
restoring dicer levels and the diurnal patterns of dicer-controlled mirna and rna expression may provide new therapeutic strategies for metabolic disease and aging-associated complications.
introduction : pain is the primary outcome measurement in osteoarthritis , and its assessment is mostly based on its intensity.
the management of this difficult chronic condition could be improved by using pain descriptors to improve analyses of painful sensations.
this should help to define subgroups of patients based on pain phenotype , for more adapted treatment.
this study draws upon patients ' descriptions of their pain , to identify and understand their perception of osteoarthritis pain and to categorize pain dimensions.
methods : this qualitative study was conducted with representative types of patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
two focus groups were conducted with a sample of @number@ participants , with either recent or chronic oa , at one or multiple sites.
summary : in osteoarthritis , pain analysis should not be restricted to intensity.
our qualitative study identified pain descriptors and defined seven dimensions of osteoarthritis pain.
the deficit in brain metabolism was sustained thereafter.
lactate utilization declined in parallel to the decline in glucose transport suggesting lactate did not serve as an alternative fuel.
an adaptive response in the nontg hippocampus was a shift to transport and utilization of ketone bodies as an alternative fuel.
in the 3xtgad brain , utilization of ketone bodies as an alternative fuel was evident at the earliest age investigated and declined thereafter.
the 3xtgad adaptive response was to substantially increase monocarboxylate transporters in neurons while decreasing their expression at the bbb and in astrocytes.
the adaptive shift to the ketogenic system as an alternative fuel coincided with decline in mitochondrial function.
sildenafil citrate ( viagra ) , a phosphodiesterase @number@ inhibitor ( pde5i ) , is a commonly prescribed drug for erectile dysfunction.
since the introduction of viagra in @number@ several case reports have linked viagra to sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
further , animal studies report contradictory data.
for example , one study ( @number@ ) reported hearing loss in rats after long-term and high-dose exposure to sildenafil citrate.
the other study ( @number@ ) showed vardenafil , another formulation of pde5i , to be protective against noise-induced hearing loss in mice and rats.
whether or not clinically relevant doses of sildenafil citrate cause hearing loss in normal subjects ( animals or humans ) is controversial.
one possibility is that pde5i exacerbates age-related susceptibility to hearing loss in adults.
six-week-old mice were injected with the maximum tolerated dose of sildenafil citrate ( @number@ mg / kg / day ) or saline for @number@ days.
auditory brainstem responses ( abrs ) were recorded pre- and post injection time points to assess hearing loss.
entry of sildenafil citrate in the mouse cochlea was confirmed by qrt-pcr analysis of a downstream target of the cgmp-pkg cascade.
abr data indicated no statistically significant difference in hearing between treated and untreated mice in both backgrounds.
results show that the maximum tolerated dose of sildenafil citrate administered daily for @number@ weeks does not affect hearing in the mouse.
the clu gene is one of the prime genetic candidates associated with alzheimers disease.
few studies have focused on modifications over time of the cognitive function in the healthy elderly.
the objective of the present study was to analyze the cognitive function changes of two different samples , born > @number@ years apart.
method : a first sample of @number@ cognitively normal participants was recruited in the memory clinic of broca hospital between @number@ and @number@
a second sample of @number@ cognitively normal participants was recruited in 2008-2009 in the same institution.
both samples were from the same districts of paris and were assessed with the same neuropsychological test battery.
means were compared with t-tests stratified on gender , age-groups and educational level.
results : cognitive scores were significantly higher in the @number@ sample.
participants < @number@ years old outperformed those ≥ @number@ in both samples.
conclusion : this study showed a significant increase of cognitive scores over time.
further , contemporary octogenarians in the later sample performed like septuagenarians in the former sample.
these findings might be consistent with the increase in life expectancy and life span in good health.
iris as a biometric identifier is assumed to be stable over a period of time.
the main purpose of this study is to determine if the shift in genuine scores can be attributed to aging or not.
the experiments are performed on the two publicly available iris aging databases namely , and nd-timelapseiris-2012 using a commercial matcher , verieye.
this claim is substantiated with quality score comparison of the gallery and probe pairs.
rotavirus ( rv ) p [ @number@ ] is an unique genotype that infects neonates.
the mechanism of such age-specific host restriction remains unknown.
in this study , we explored host mucosal glycans as a potential age-specific factor for attachment of p [ @number@ ] rvs.
reduced insulin / igf signaling increases lifespan in many animals.
dawdle , an activin ligand , is bound and repressed by dfoxo when reduced insulin / igf extends lifespan.
reduced activin signaling improves performance and protein homeostasis in muscles of aged flies.
expression of atg8a within muscle is sufficient to increase lifespan.
reduced insulin secretion from the brain may subsequently reinforce longevity assurance through decreased systemic insulin / igf signaling.
background : the primary outcome measures for patients who undergo aesthetic facial procedures are quality of life and satisfaction with appearance.
methods : international guidelines for creating pro instruments were strictly observed throughout development of the face-q scales.
qualitative methods were used to identify the concepts most important to patients who received aesthetic facial procedures.
results : rasch measurement theory and traditional psychometric methods confirmed the reliability and validity of the scales.
conclusions : the face-q aging appraisal scale and patient-perceived age vas are psychometrically sound , condition-specific pro instruments with excellent reliability and validity.
they enable accurate outcome assessments in patients who undergo aesthetic facial procedures.
the objective of this study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of ashkenazi jewish ( aj ) pd carriers of the lrrk2 g2019s mutation.
glucocerebrosidase ( gba ) mutation carriers were excluded.
regression models were constructed to test the association between clinical and demographic features and lrrk2 status ( outcome ) in @number@ newly recruited participants.
lrrk2 g2019s carriers ( n = @number@ ) and non-carriers ( n = @number@ ) were similar in age and age at onset of pd.
performance on the updrs , moca , gds , and nms did not differ by mutation status.
significant differences in mean μ ( mre ) and μ ( pwv ) between young and old healthy volunteers were observed.
the use of vincristine , a known antitumor agent , in hepatoma therapy is limited particularly because of its toxic effect.
meanwhile , berberine has drawn increasing attention to its antineoplastic effect in recent years.
objectives : sleep comprises one-third of one's life , yet little is known about sleep in developing countries.
this study's objectives were to characterize sleep in a community without electricity in haiti and to examine associations between measures of sleep and age.
methods : fifty-eight haiti residents ( @percent@ women ) in four age groups , 18-30 , 31-50 , 51-64 , and ≥ @number@ years participated.
three days of wrist actigraphy were used to estimate sleep patterns.
there were no significant differences in the sleep measures between men and women.
specifically , mean fragmentation was higher in the youngest age group than all other age groups , which did not differ from one another.
conclusions : average time in bed in this haitian sample was greater than previously reported for industrialized countries like the united states ( @number@ versus.
7-8 h ) ; , however , actual sleep duration averaged only @number@ h.
no age-related decline in sleep duration or quality was observed in haiti.
data were collected through interview , clinical examination , psychological testing , and laboratory tests.
the composite scores on memory , information-processing speed , and executive function were derived from a cognitive test battery.
mediation models were employed to test the mediating effect of brain lesions on the association of diabetes with cognitive performance controlling for potential confounders.
results : there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) persons with diabetes.
diabetes was significantly associated with lower scores on processing speed and executive function , but not with memory function.
diabetes was significantly associated with all markers of brain pathology.
all of these markers were significantly associated with lower scores on memory , processing speed , and executive function.
formal mediation tests suggested that markers of cerebrovascular and degenerative pathology significantly mediated the associations of diabetes with processing speed and executive function.
interpretation : diabetes is associated with poor performance on cognitive tests of information-processing speed and executive function.
the association is largely mediated by markers of both neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease.
older people with diabetes should be monitored for cognitive problems and brain lesions.
the purpose of this study was to examine the age-related site-specific muscle loss of the upper and lower extremities and trunk in men and women.
an mth ratio located in the anterior and posterior aspects of the upper arm , upper leg , lower leg , and trunk was calculated.
site-specific muscle loss was defined as a ratio of mth > @number@ standard deviations below the mean for young adults in each segment.
proinflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins play relevant roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
an association between hsp70 @number@ a / g snp and zinc plasma levels was observed in the dominant model.
in particular , g allele carriers showed increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and zinc.
moreover , both these snps affect creatinine levels suggesting a possible influence on renal function.
senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) contributes to aging as well as age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system.
senescent vsmcs have been shown to be present in atherosclerotic plaques.
both replicative ( rs ) and stress-induced premature senescence ( sips ) accompany cardiovascular diseases.
most of the senescence hallmarks were common for both rs and sips ; however , some differences were observed.
we did not observe calcification even though after @number@ days of dox-treatment many other markers characteristic for senescent cells were present.
it can suggest that dox-induced sips does not accelerate the mineralization of vessels.
we consider that detailed characterization of the two types of cellular senescence can be useful in in vitro studies of potential anti-aging factors.
sport-related concussion ( src ) is a common mild traumatic brain injury among young , active individuals , affecting approximately @number@ young american adults annually.
mechanisms of injury differ significantly by sport and can be potential targets for concussion risk mitigation.
the effects of il-21 are pleiotropic , owing to the broad cellular distribution of the il-21 receptor.
il-21 is secreted by activated cd4 t cells and natural killer t cells.
within cd4 t cells , its secretion is restricted mainly to t follicular helper ( tfh ) cells and th17 cells to a lesser extent.
our research focus has been on the role of il-21 and more recently of tfh in immunopathogenesis of hiv infection.
second , we discuss the pivotal role of tfh in generation of antibody responses in hiv-infected persons in studies using influenza vaccines as a probe.
we investigated the clinical correlates of elevated csf nfl levels in ftd.
correlations between csf analyte levels were performed with neuropsychological measures and the clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes ( cdrsb ) .
voxel-based morphometry of structural magnetic resonance images determined the relationship between brain volume and csf nfl.
results : mean csf nfl concentrations were higher in bvftd , sd , and pnfa than other groups.
nfl in nc2 was similar to nc.
csf nfl , but not other csf measures , correlated with cdrsb and neuropsychological measures in ftd , but not in other diagnostic groups.
analyses in @number@ independent ftd cohorts and a group of autopsy-verified or biomarker-enriched cases confirmed the larger group analysis.
interpretation : csf nfl is elevated in symptomatic ftd and correlates with disease severity.
this measurement may be a useful surrogate endpoint of disease severity in ftd clinical trials.
longitudinal studies of csf nfl in ftd are warranted.
snps in the promoter region of the cetp gene is likely important in regulation of the expression of the cetp gene.
however , no association could be confirmed between longevity and these snps or haplotypes inferred from them.
a novel rare variant -573a / g was found and was found in heterozygote state only in five persons in the longevity group.
but it was not statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) .
we also examined this novel polymorphism -573a / g in another han chinese sample from yunnan province , and it was not associated with longevity.
the present study explored multi-scale entropy ( mse ) analysis to investigate the entropy of resting state fmri signals across multiple time scales.
our data support the use of mse analysis as a validation metric for quantifying the complexity of rs-fmri signals.
animal epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that cholesterol is a risk factor for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
nevertheless , the relation of cholesterol to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , influence of apoe genotype and its changes in lifespan is controversial.
of @number@ participants at baseline , @number@ survived and were examined at vt3.
at vt3 , @number@ participants had mci , @number@ participants had ad , and @number@ were in good health.
participants with mci and ad at vt3 evidenced higher tc levels at vt1 than those who were healthy.
over the @number@ year follow-up , tc levels declined in those with mci and ad , but remained stable in those who remained healthy.
these findings were not modified by apoe genotype or use of cholesterol-lowering medications.
like health care systems in other developed countries , japan's health care system faces significant challenges due to aging of the population and economic stagnation.
advanced medicine has recently developed and expanded as part of health care reform.
will it work ?
we then offer our opinions on the future of advanced medicine with careful consideration of its pros and cons.
we believe that developing advanced medicine is an attempt to bring health care reform in line rather than the goal of health care reform.
this has stimulated interest in the preventive potential of antioxidant supplements.
a number of randomized clinical trials with adequate methodologies observed neutral or negative results of antioxidant supplements.
even more , beta-carotene , vitamin a , and vitamin e may increase mortality.
some recent large observational studies now support these findings.
summary : antioxidant supplements do not possess preventive effects and may be harmful with unwanted consequences to our health , especially in well-nourished populations.
the optimal source of antioxidants seems to come from our diet , not from antioxidant supplements in pills or tablets.
pro-inflammatory s100a9 protein is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to inflammation-related neurodegeneration.
here , we provide insights into s100a9 specific mechanisms of action in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
due to its inherent amyloidogenicity s100a9 contributes to amyloid plaque formation together with aβ.
they may serve as precursor-plaques for ad , implicating tbi as an ad risk factor.
s100a9 was observed in some hippocampal and cortical neurons in tbi , ad and non-demented aging.
in vitro s100a9 forms neurotoxic linear and annular amyloids resembling aβ protofilaments.
nmr and molecular docking demonstrated transient interactions between native s100a9 and aβ.
sirt1 is an nad ( + ) -dependent protein deacetylase induced by metabolic stresses , such as nutrition or oxygen deprivation.
although sirt1 contributes to aging and metabolic disorders , its role in cancer progression and therapeutic responses remains controversial.
because hypoxia occurs widely in solid tumors , where it provokes drug resistance , we investigated the involvement of sirt1 in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.
sirt1 was downregulated in a panel of non-small cell lung carcinoma ( nsclc ) cells exposed to hypoxia for @number@ hours.
notably , hypoxic inactivation of this sirt1-ampk pathway led to cisplatin and doxorubicin resistance.
mechanistic investigations suggested that this pathway supported the cytotoxic response to cisplatin and doxorubicin by licensing an apoptotic process controlled by mitochondria.
we confirmed the involvement of this pathway in a mouse xenograft model of human nsclc.
swallowing disorders are common in the elderly , and aging is a factor that affects swallowing function.
the elevation of the hyoid bone is important for swallowing and is controlled by the suprahyoid muscles.
the hyoid and laryngeal elevation allows the bolus to enter the esophagus.
the suprahyoid muscles , therefore , play an important role in swallowing.
the effects of aging on suprahyoid muscle strength are unclear.
the jaw opening force ( jof ) was measured with a jaw opening sthenometer and compared between the healthy adult and elderly groups.
the jof of the men was significantly greater than that of the women in the healthy adult and elderly groups.
we thus propose that aging decreases the strength of suprahyoid muscles in healthy adults.
the swallowing function may decrease even in healthy adults , aged over @number@ years.
gait performance exhibits patterns within the stride-to-stride variability that can be indexed using detrended fluctuation analysis ( dfa ) .
it is unknown if taxing working memory while walking influences gait performance as assessed by dfa.
this study used a dual-tasking paradigm to determine if performance decrements are observed in gait or working memory when performed concurrently.
all trials involving gait lasted at least @number@ min.
no differences were observed in any of the gait or working memory dependent variables as a function of task condition.
the results suggest the locomotor system is adaptive enough to complete a working memory task without compromising gait performance when walking at a self-selected pace.
aging is not and cannot be programmed.
instead , aging is a continuation of developmental growth , driven by genetic pathways such as mtor.
ironically , this is often misunderstood as a sort of programmed aging.
in contrast , aging is a purposeless quasi-program or , figuratively , a shadow of actual programs.
the nad ( + ) depending enzyme sirt1 regulates the mitochondrial biogenesis , fat and glucose metabolism through catalyzing the deacetylation of several metabolism-related protein-substrates.
due to their potential to increase exercise tolerance in healthy individuals , sirt1 activators are currently being monitored by anti-doping authorities.
subsequently , a screening procedure for five sirt1 activators and the metabolite m1-srt1720 in dbs specimens was developed.
background : genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have identified common genetic variants that predispose to atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
it is unclear whether rare and low-frequency variants in genes implicated by such gwas confer additional risk of af.
objective : to study the association of genetic variants with af at gwas top loci.
conclusions : we identified @number@ common single-nucleotide polymorphism and @number@ gene region that were significantly associated with af.
future sequencing efforts with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive genome coverage are anticipated to identify additional af-related variants.
despite major insecticide-based vector control programs , dengue continues to be a major threat to public health in urban areas.
the reasons for this failure include the emergence of insecticide resistance and the narrowing of the spectrum of efficient products.
cigarette butts ( cbs ) , the most commonly discarded piece of waste , also represent a major health hazard to human and animal life.
cbs are impregnated with thousands of chemical compounds , many of which are highly toxic and none of which has history of resistance in mosquitoes.
this study was performed to examine whether exposure to cb alters various biological parameters of parents and their progeny.
females tended to prefer microcosms containing cbs for egg deposition than those with water only.
there were equivalent rates of eclosion success among larvae from eggs that matured in cb and water environments.
we also observed decreased life span among adults that survived cb exposure.
extracts of cb waste have detrimental effects on the fecundity and longevity of its offspring , while being attractive to its gravid females.
but this will require further research on cb waste effects on non-target organisms including humans.
methods : we undertook a systematic review and obtained individual participant data from @number@ studies.
study-specific associations of apwv with cvd outcomes were determined using cox proportional hazard models and random effect models to estimate pooled effects.
results : of @number@ participants , a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) had a cvd event.
reclassification indices showed that the addition of apwv improved risk prediction ( @percent@ for 10-year cvd risk for intermediate risk ) for some subgroups.
cgβ subunits comprise a unique carboxyl-terminal peptide ( ctp ) that has multiple o-linked glycans and extends serum half-life of the protein.
it has evolved by incorporating a previously untranslated region of the lhβ gene into the reading frame.
although ctp-like sequences are encrypted in the lhβ genes of several mammals , the cgβ subunit developed only in primates and equids.
o-glycan deficiency and the associated incapacity to extend serum half-life is a major drawback of the boctp.
this may explain why lh did not evolve into cg in ruminants and consequently alternative mechanisms evolved to delay luteolysis early in gestation.
moreover , exogenous progenitors of bone marrow origin transdifferentiate and acquire the cardiomyocyte and vascular lineages.
unlabelled : this study tested the effects of aging and race on responses to noxious stimuli using a wide range of stimulus modalities.
the participants were @number@ non-hispanic blacks and @number@ non-hispanic white adults , ages @number@ to @number@ years.
the participants completed a single 3-hour sensory testing session where responses to thermal , mechanical , and cold stimuli were assessed.
this site effect supports the hypothesis that the greatest decrement in pain sensitivity associated with aging occurs in the lower extremities.
perspective : this study found that the greatest decline in pain sensitivity with aging occurs in the lower extremities.
in addition , race differences in pain sensitivity observed in younger adults were also found in our older sample.
although most research on navigation in aging focuses on allocentric processing deficits , impaired strategy switching may also contribute to navigational decline.
this may in turn relate to dysfunction of the prefrontal-noradrenergic network responsible for coordinating switching behavior.
few studies examined vdr genetic variants in large-scale asian patients with pd.
we did not observe any significant associations between the studied genetic variants of vdr and the risk of pd.
our data suggest that genetic variations of the vdr gene did not play a major role in a taiwanese pd population.
further studies of vdr and its interaction with serum vitamin d levels are warranted to clarify the potential role of vitamin d in pd pathogenesis.
the present theoretical framework of alzheimer's disease proposes that pathophysiological changes occur 10-20 years before the diagnosis of dementia.
we addressed the question of how age-related changes in gray matter mediate the cognitive performance during middle age.
eighty-two participants ( 40-50 years , ±2 ) were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery covering a broad spectrum of cognitive domains and components.
mediation effects were studied with hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analysis.
results showed that more vulnerable cognitive components were related to executive functioning and in a lesser degree to processing speed.
age-related differences in gray matter mainly involved the frontal lobes.
it is important to increase the knowledge of the impact of brain changes on cognitive function during middle age.
to define the early stages of the aging process may allow early detection of pathologic changes and therapeutic interventions.
the objective of this study was to examine why and how families and older adults utilize adult day services.
a number of inter-related themes emerged within each construct.
background : nutritional parameters could influence self-perceived health and functional status of older adults.
objective : we prospectively determined the association between diet quality and quality of life and activities of daily living.
design : this was an observational cohort study in which total diet scores , reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines , were determined.
dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline.
total diet scores were allocated for intake of selected food groups and nutrients for each participant as described in the australian guide to healthy eating.
higher scores indicated closer adherence to dietary guidelines.
functional status was determined once at the 10-year follow-up by the older americans resources and services activities of daily living scale.
statistical analyses performed : normalized 36-item short-form survey component scores were used in analysis of covariance to calculate multivariable adjusted mean scores.
conclusions : higher diet quality was prospectively associated with better quality of life and functional ability.
pramlintide administration improved performance in the novel object recognition task , a validated test of memory and cognition.
together these results suggest that amylin analogs have neuroprotective properties and might be of therapeutic benefit in ad.
hereto , in @number@ healthy subjects , segmental pres and ss were measured on tissue doppler images of six left ventricle walls.
for each subject , a linear regression line was estimated through the segmental pres and ss values.
the slopes and intercepts of this pres-ss relationship did not differ between age groups , suggesting no changes in lv contractility with age.
methods : twenty older adults and @number@ younger adults were assessed.
this movement had been further divided into @number@ phases ( braking , mid-stance , swing , and terminal loading ) for analysis.
findings : there were significant differences in the joint displacement and muscular activity among the different phases.
here we tested the hypothesis that these two variables could be related.
simultaneous frontal bilateral near-infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) was performed to assess vmr by cortical oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin concentration changes.
total coherence resulted lower in pre-co₂ and post-co₂ and presented poor reactivity during co₂ inhalation in mci patients compared with nold subjects.
hypercapnia increased oxy-haemoglobin and decreased deoxy-haemoglobin concentrations in both groups.
furthermore , the extent of changes in these variables during co₂ challenge was correlated with the eeg coherence , as a reflection of neurovascular coupling.
significance : in amnesic mci patients , global eeg functional coupling is basically low in amplitude and does not react to hypercapnia.
cellular senescence disables proliferation in damaged cells , and it is relevant for cancer and aging.
developmentally programmed senescence is followed by macrophage infiltration , clearance of senescent cells , and tissue remodeling.
loss of senescence due to the absence of p21 is partially compensated by apoptosis but still results in detectable developmental abnormalities.
importantly , the mesonephros and endolymphatic sac of human embryos also show evidence of senescence.
we conclude that the role of developmentally programmed senescence is to promote tissue remodeling and propose that this is the evolutionary origin of damage-induced senescence.
senescence is a form of cell-cycle arrest linked to tumor suppression and aging.
however , it remains controversial and has not been documented in nonpathologic states.
interestingly , mice deficient in p21 have defects in embryonic senescence , aer maintenance , and patterning.
mussel bioactive peptides have been viewed as mediators to maximize the high quality of life.
in this study , the anti-aging activities of mussel oligopeptides were evaluated using h2o2-induced prematurely senescent mrc-5 fibroblasts.
in addition , h2o2 caused the elevation of ( sa-β-gal ) activity and formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci ( sahf ) .
it was found that pretreatment with mussel oligopeptides could significantly attenuate these properties associated with cellular senescence.
mussel oligopeptides also led to the increase of glutathione ( gsh ) level and mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( δψm ) recovery.
these findings provide new insights into the beneficial role of mussel bioactive peptides on retarding senescence process.
in spain , cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) is a very common cause of morbidity and hospitalization.
they are the second leading cause of mortality in the general population , and the first in women.
they also constitute a very high social spending , which is estimated to increase in coming years , due to the aging of our population.
in @number@ the cost of hospitalization for each stroke was estimated at €3 , 047.
the amount of total cost health care throughout the life of a stroke patient is calculated at €43 , 129.
internationally , the direct costs of stroke constitute @percent@ of national health spending , this being similar amount in different countries around us.
hypertension was the cardiovascular risk factor ( cvrf ) more prevalent in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes , followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus.
in spain , as showing several studies , we are far from optimal control of cvrf , especially in secondary prevention of stroke.
in this review , we analyze in detail the epidemiology , prevention and costs originated by cvd.
background : three-dimensional ( 3d ) speckle-tracking echocardiography ( ste ) is an emerging technology used to quantify left ventricular ( lv ) function.
methods : in protocol @number@ rt3de data sets and cmr images were acquired on the same day in @number@ patients referred for clinically indicated cmr.
global lv longitudinal , circumferential , and radial strain was compared between the two modalities.
in protocol @number@ global and regional strain and twist and torsion were measured in @number@ healthy subjects using 3d ste.
a significant age dependency was observed for global longitudinal and 3d strain.
conclusions : this study provides initial validation of 3d strain analysis from rt3de images and reference values of normal 3d lv strain and torsion.
the age-related differences in lv strain and torsion may reflect myocardial maturation and aging.
cerebral white matter lesions ( wmls ) are related to cognitive deficits , probably due to a disruption of frontal-subcortical circuits.
we explored thalamic diffusion differences related to white matter lesions ( wmls ) and their association with cognitive function in middle-aged individuals.
ninety-six participants from the barcelona-asia neuropsychology study were included.
tract-based spatial statistics was used to study thalamic diffusion differences between groups.
mean fractional anisotropy ( fa ) values in significant areas were calculated for each subject and correlated with cognitive performance.
participants with high-grade pvhs and dwmhs showed lower fa thalamic values compared to those with low-grade pvhs and dwmhs , respectively.
thalamic diffusion differences are related to lower cognitive function only in participants with high-grade dwmhs.
these results support the hypothesis that fronto-subcortical disruption is associated with cognitive function only in dwmhs.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder involving dysregulation of many biological pathways at multiple levels.
background : understanding the relationship between organizational context and research utilization is key to reducing the research-practice gap in health care.
reliable , valid measures and tools are a prerequisite for studying organizational context and research utilization.
few such tools exist in german.
examples of each challenge are described with strategies that we used to manage the challenge.
conclusion : translating an existing instrument is complex and time-consuming , but a rigorous approach is necessary to obtain instrument equivalence.
equivalent translated instruments help researchers from different cultures to find a common language and undertake comparative research.
as acceptable psychometric properties are a prerequisite for that , we are currently carrying out a study with that focus.
background : reduced p300 event-related potential ( erp ) amplitude and latency prolongation have been reported in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.
however , the influence of antipsychotics ( and dopamine ) on erp measures are poorly understood and medication confounding remains a possibility.
we also conducted a random effects meta-analysis of the available literature , synthesizing the results of three comparable published articles and our local study.
results : no overall significant difference was found in mean p300 erp between patients and controls in latency or in amplitude.
there was a significant gender effect , with females showing greater p300 amplitude than males.
a difference between patients and controls in p300 latency was evident with ageing , with latency increasing faster in patients.
no effect of dat availability on p300 latency or amplitude was detected.
p300 erp amplitude reduction could be an indicator of the progression of illness and chronicity.
objective : to gain insight into the potential mechanism of mitochondria dysfunction in pathogenesis , progression and therapeutic management of glaucoma.
data sources : the data used in this review were mainly published in english from @number@ to present obtained from pubmed.
study selection : articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed.
results : mitochondrial dysfunction or injury was demonstrated in different eye tissue of glaucoma.
objective : we aimed to examine the current developments and challenges confronted by old age security in rural china.
related websites and yearbooks were searched as well.
navigation without vision is a skill that is often employed in our daily lives , such as walking in the dark at night.
navigating without vision to a remembered target has previously been studied.
however , little is known about the impact of age or obstacles on the attentional demands of a blind navigation task.
this study examined the impacts of age and obstacles on reaction time ( rt ) and navigation precision during blind navigation in dual-task conditions.
ten healthy young adults ( @number@.5±2.5 years ) and ten healthy older adults ( @number@.5±2.9 years ) participated in the study.
participants were asked to walk to a target located 8m ahead.
in half the trials , the path was obstructed with hanging obstacles.
participants performed this task in the absence of vision , while executing a discrete rt task.
results suggest that the attentional demands of blind navigation are higher in older than young adults , as well as when obstacles are present.
materials and methods : the study included @number@ larynx preparations obtained from open partial and total laryngectomies ( f-7 ; m-43 ) .
for the assessment of larynx anterior commissure microscopic status @number@ larynx preparations with macroscopic free anterior commissure were used.
for study of the directions and ways of tumor spreading in the anterior commissure served @number@ larynx with macroscopic infiltration of anterior commissure.
anterior commissure ( ac ) and tnm classifications was used to determine the location and tumor stage.
larynx anterior commissure was extracted and divided into @number@ subregions : supraglottic , glottic and subglottic.
results : the direction and the way of cancer propagation in larynx anterior commissure structures is dependent on morphological changes that occur with aging.
cancer spreads in the anterior commissure along the fibers anchoring voice muscle within the broyles ligament and is seen in tumor cells microembolism.
conclusions : in patients with cancer of the larynx without macroscopically visible neoplastic lesions in the anterior commissure , cannot be excluded its microinfilration.
changed with age anterior commissure ' broyles ligament by the process of neovascularization and ossification is not an effective protection against the spread of cancer.
directions and the ways of cancer spread in the anterior commissure is similar in men and women.
these changes have led to concerns regarding unsafe intracuff pressures in pediatric patients , which may result in postoperative morbidity.
methods : patients less than @number@ years of age , undergoing surgery , requiring endotracheal intubation with a cuffed ett were eligible for inclusion.
no alteration in the technique of anesthetic induction or maintenance was required for the study.
following endotracheal intubation and inflation of the cuff with the head and neck in a neutral position , the intracuff pressure was measured.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included in the study resulting in a total of @number@ intracuff pressure readings.
an increase in intracuff pressure was noted more frequently and to the greatest degree with head and neck flexion.
the pressure decreased in @number@ instances ( @percent@ ) , most frequently with neck extension.
conclusion : significant changes in the intracuff pressure occur with changes in head and neck position.
in several cases , this resulted in a significant increase in the intracuff pressure.
most often , fpa develops after an injury or angiographic access to the femoral artery with bleeding into the adjacent tissue.
fpa is an uncommon complication , but a very significant one , that can have serious consequences.
doppler flow imaging has been the mainstay of diagnosis.
ultrasound ( us ) -guided compression was the treatment of choice.
an alternative to compression is us-guided thrombin injection ( ugti ) of the fpa.
this is a safe procedure that can be done as an outpatient or in an office setting.
this paper will provide nursing guidelines and rationale as well as a nursing protocol for the management of patients who undergo ugti for fpa.
background : facial aging involves changes in the facial skeleton and soft tissues.
there is limited quantitative data on soft tissue aging of the face.
objective : magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) was used to quantify and compare facial soft tissue loss over time.
methods and materials : two thousand thirty-seven mri scans from @number@ women divided into young , middle-aged , and older groups were screened.
a blinded radiologist used mri to measure the temporal , infraorbital , and medial and lateral cheek areas.
soft tissue augmentation and volume correction in these areas may be an effective strategy for facial rejuvenation.
background : placental mammals display a huge range of life history traits , including size , longevity , metabolic rate and germ line generation time.
although a number of general trends have been proposed between these traits , there are exceptions that warrant further investigation.
species such as naked mole rat , human and certain bat species all exhibit extreme longevity with respect to body size.
results : here we carry out a molecular investigation of selective pressure variation , specifically focusing on telomere associated genes across placental mammals.
in general we observe a large number of instances of positive selection acting on telomere genes.
conclusion : these results demonstrate the multifarious selective pressures acting across the mammal phylogeny driving lineage-specific adaptations of telomere associated genes.
method : the 3-tier assessment system consisted of tiered series of screening tools incorporated into the in-office driver's license renewal process.
paired with the screening tools were educational materials designed to improve drivers ' knowledge of their own limitations , including compensating techniques.
pilot participants were compared with two control groups processed according to standard california dmv license renewal procedures.
because the 3-tier assessment system was designed to identify limitations normally associated with aging , the present analyses focus on drivers age @number@ and older.
however , it should be emphasized that during the 3-tier pilot the screening tools were applied to drivers of all ages.
results : there were two main findings.
first , there were no consistent , statistically significant differences between the pilot and control groups in crash risk in the two years following screening.
second , pilot participants experienced statistically significant effects on mobility.
conclusions : based on these findings , suggestions for further research are made.
impact on industry : none.
it is unclear , however , whether a muscle strength ratio can be used to assess age-related , site-specific muscle loss.
the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the age-related loss of thigh muscle , muscle function and gait performance.
walking performance , maximum isometric knee extension / flexion , toe-grasping and handgrip strength were measured.
there were no significant correlations between the a30 : p70 and a50 : p70 ratios , and height and bodyweight.
the a30 : p70 and a50 : p70 ratios were also not correlated with maximal walking speed.
after adjusting for physical activity , the mth ratios were still not correlated with ratio of muscle strength.
conclusion : strength ratios did not correlate with mth ratios.
our cross-sectional analysis suggests that age-related site-specific muscle loss could assess the decrease in absolute muscular strength , but not the ratio of muscle strength.
background : to evaluate time course and predictors of progression of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation ( af ) to permanent af.
mean follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ years.
af progression rate was @percent@ per year , @percent@ at @number@ years , and @percent@ at @number@ years.
lone af was diagnosed in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
when adjusted at means of covariates , persistent af and age > 75 years remained highly significant ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : progression to permanent af is a slow process.
compared to dialysis , kidney transplantation appears to be the best treatment for chronic kidney failure , even for older aged patients.
nevertheless , the individual benefit of transplanting elderly patients has to be balanced against the corresponding increase in the number of patients awaiting grafts.
overall 10-year mortality was @percent@.
as expected , recipient age was the main risk factor associated with overall mortality.
our results constitute a strong argument in favor of kidney transplantation , regardless of the patient's age.
preventing dgf may be more effective for decreasing the risk of death specifically attributable to the disease.
the dorsolateral pfc ( dlpfc ) is a key region for working memory.
it has been proposed that the dlpfc is dynamically recruited depending on task demands.
by this view , high dlpfc recruitment for low-demanding tasks along with weak dlpfc upregulation at higher task demands reflects low efficiency.
the observed inverted relations support a link between dopamine and dlpfc efficiency.
here , we examined the generalization across time within individuals and across different individuals.
we trained classification algorithms to decode conscious perception from neural activity recorded during binocular rivalry using magnetoencephalography ( meg ) .
our findings demonstrate that the neural correlates of conscious perception are stable across years for adults , but differ across individuals.
selective attention biases the encoding and maintenance of representations in visual stm ( vstm ) .
however , precise attentional mechanisms gating encoding and maintenance in vstm and across development remain less well understood.
we recorded eeg while adults and 10-year-olds used cues to guide attention before encoding or while maintaining items in vstm.
adults elicited a set of neural markers that were broadly similar in preparation for encoding and during maintenance.
in contrast , in children these processes dissociated.
developmental and individual differences differentiate seemingly similar processes of orienting to perceptually available representations and to representations held in vstm.
the relationships between axis ii personality disorders ( dsm-iv ) and the five-factor model ( ffm ) were explored in older women.
the highest prevalence of a and c clusters and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder was observed.
also , elevated neuroticism and decreased agreeableness and openness appear as valuable traits in the description of psychopathology.
children and their mothers discussed unique events when the children were @number@ years of age.
different subgroups of children were tested for recall of the events at ages @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
children aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ remembered @percent@ or more of the early-life events.
in contrast , children aged @number@ and @number@ years remembered fewer than @percent@ of the early-life events.
maternal deflections of the conversational turn to the child predicted the amount of information children later reported about the early-life events.
they highlight the importance of forgetting processes in explanations of the amnesia.
optimal cellular function and therefore organism's survival is determined by the sensitive and accurate convergence of energy and nutrient abundance to cell growth and division.
indeed , tor signaling regulates cell energy homeostasis by coordinating anabolic and catabolic processes for survival.
tor , named mtor in mammals , is a conserved serine / threonine kinase that exists in two different complexes , mtorc1 and mtorc2.
the evidences linking mtor to energy and metabolic homeostasis included the following.
at peripheral level it influences adipogenesis and lipogenesis in different tissues including the liver.
noteworthy chronic nutritional activation of mtor signaling has been implicated in the development of beta cell mass expansion and on insulin resistance.
understanding the exact role of hypothalamic mtor may provide new cues for therapeutic intervention in diseases.
norway has an extensive welfare system which may provide adolescents with many options and high levels of flexibility in terms of pathways to adulthood.
repeated measures latent class analysis of longitudinal data from @number@ norwegian individuals indicated three main pathways to adulthood among women and men.
in both sexes , most individuals undertook a long period of education and postponed family formation.
the results indicate that pathways to adulthood are influenced by social reproduction factors in a country with high levels of welfare benefits as well.
exercise is linked with the type / intensity-dependent adaptive immune responses , whereas hypoxic stress facilitates the programmed death of cd4 lymphocytes.
therefore , we conclude that hit is superior to mct for enhancing aerobic fitness.
antibody titers to trivalent influenza vaccination given during the 2011-2012 season were determined before and @number@ weeks after vaccination.
results : seroprotective influenza antibody titers ( ≥ 1 : 40 ) were observed in @percent@ hiv ( + ) and @percent@ hiv-uninfected women pre-vaccination.
post-vaccine antibody responses were inversely correlated with pre-vaccination plasma tnfα levels and with activated cd4 t cells , including activated peripheral ( p ) tfh.
interventions aimed at reducing chronic inflammation and immune activation in aging , hiv-infected patients may improve their response to vaccines.
study objectives : periodic limb movements in sleep ( plms ) are common in the elderly.
design : observational study , cross-sectional analyses.
setting : six clinical sites participating in the osteoporotic fractures in men ( mros ) study.
participants : @number@ older community-dwelling men ( mean age @number@ years ) who completed in-home psg from 2003-2005.
interventions : n / a. measurements and results : in-home psg was performed which included bilateral measurement of leg movements.
a plmi ≥ @number@ ( @percent@ ) and plma ≥ @number@ ( @percent@ ) were both prevalent.
linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between plms as predictors and sleep architecture , arousal index , and sleep efficiency as outcomes.
neither plmi nor pmla was associated with subjective sleepiness measured by the epworth sleepiness scale.
there are many age-associated changes in the respiratory and pulmonary immune system.
these changes include decreases in the volume of the thoracic cavity , reduced lung volumes , and alterations in the muscles that aid respiration.
muscle function on a cellular level in the aging population is less efficient.
the elderly population has less pulmonary reserve , and cough strength is decreased in the elderly population due to anatomic changes and muscle atrophy.
clearance of particles from the lung through the mucociliary elevator is decreased and associated with ciliary dysfunction.
considering all of these age-related changes to the lungs , pulmonary disease has significant consequences for the aging population.
chronic lower respiratory tract disease is the third leading cause of death in people aged @number@ years and older.
understanding the aging process in the lung is necessary in order to provide optimal care to our aging population.
question : my patient received @number@ units of botulinum toxin type a ( btx-a ) for facial lines.
two weeks later , she found out that she was pregnant.
will this cause any harm to her fetus ?
answer : botulinum toxin is not expected to be present in systemic circulation following proper intramuscular or intradermal injection.
moreover , btx-a , which has a high molecular weight , does not appear to cross the placenta.
cross-sectional area ( csa ) , muscle strength ( mvc ) , and biomechanical properties of m. quadriceps and patellar tendon were determined.
fibril morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscope ( tem ) .
the changes were more pronounced when gh was injected.
furthermore , tendon stiffness increased in the gh group.
muscle csa declined after immobilization in the plc but not in the gh group.
muscle csa increased during retraining , with a significantly larger increase in the gh group compared with the plc group.
the occurrence of several geriatric conditions may influence the efficacy and limit the use of drugs prescribed to treat chronic conditions.
however , the assessment of these geriatric conditions is rarely incorporated into clinical trials and treatment guidelines.
increased proteolytic activity is a hallmark of several pathological processes , including neurodegeneration.
increased expression and activity of cathepsins , lysosomal cysteine proteases , during degeneration of the central nervous system is frequently reported.
recent studies reveal that a disturbed balance of their enzymatic activities is the first insult in brain aging and age-related diseases.
leakage of cathepsins from lysosomes , due to their membrane permeability , and activation of pro-apoptotic factors additionally contribute to neurodegeneration.
furthermore , in inflammation-induced neurodegeneration the cathepsins expressed in activated microglia play a pivotal role in neuronal death.
the proteolytic activity of cysteine cathepsins is controlled by endogenous protein inhibitors-the cystatins-which evidently fail to perform their function in neurodegenerative processes.
exogenous synthetic inhibitors , which may augment their inhibitory potential , are considered as possible therapeutic tools for the treatment of neurological disorders.
these common risk behaviors cause preventable , delayed illness that then manifests as chronic disease , requiring extended medical care with associated financial costs.
chronic disease already accounts for @percent@ of u.s. health-care costs , foreshadowing an unsustainable financial burden for the aging population [ @number@ ] .
deficits in the processing of sensory reafferences have been suggested as accounting for age-related decline in motor coordination.
a suppression of the bimanual advantage would thus indicate a deficit in sensory reafference.
electroencephalogram was recorded to assess the underlying patterns of oscillatory activity , a neurophysiological mechanism advanced to support the integration of sensory reafferences.
this result indicates that in self-paced tapping , the bimanual advantage is absent in elderly.
electrophysiological results revealed an interaction between tapping condition and age group on low beta band ( 14-20 hz ) activity.
beta activity varied depending on the tapping condition in the elderly but not in the young group.
source estimations localized this effect within left superior parietal and left occipital areas.
disrupted function of endothelial colony-forming cells ( ecfcs ) may contribute to this enhanced risk.
the goal of this study was to determine whether cord blood ecfcs from gdm pregnancies exhibit altered functionality.
methods : ecfcs isolated from the cord blood of control and gdm pregnancies were assessed for proliferation , senescence , and matrigel network formation.
the requirement for p38mapk in hyperglycemia-induced senescence was determined using inhibition and overexpression studies.
results : gdm-exposed ecfcs were more proliferative than control ecfcs.
however , gdm-exposed ecfcs exhibited decreased network-forming ability in matrigel.
aging of ecfcs by serial passaging led to increased senescence and reduced proliferation of gdm-exposed ecfcs.
ecfcs from gdm pregnancies were resistant to hyperglycemia-induced senescence compared with those from controls.
in response to hyperglycemia , control ecfcs activated p38mapk , which was required for hyperglycemia-induced senescence.
in contrast , gdm-exposed ecfcs showed no change in p38mapk activation under equivalent conditions.
conclusion : intrauterine exposure of ecfcs to gdm induces unique phenotypic alterations.
objectives : some of the major challenges associated with successful dietary weight management include the identification of individuals not responsive to specific interventions.
efficacy of the treatment was defined as total weight loss , percentage of initial weight and weekly weight loss rates.
circadian rhythmicity in wrist temperature motor activity and position were analyzed using different sensors.
conclusions : circadian rhythms at the beginning of the treatment are good predictors of future weight loss.
further treatment should consider chronobiological aspects to diagnose obesity and effectiveness of treatments.
forkhead box class o family member proteins ( foxos ) are highly conserved transcription factors with important roles in cellular homeostasis.
foxo1 and foxo3 are key factors of muscle energy homeostasis through the control of glycolytic and lipolytic flux , and mitochondrial metabolism.
foxo proteins have also been implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle , apoptosis , and muscle regeneration.
depending of their activation level , foxo proteins can exhibit ambivalent functions.
for example , a basal level of foxo factors is necessary for cellular homeostasis and these proteins are required for adaptation to exercise.
however , exacerbated activation may occur in the course of several diseases , resulting in metabolic disorders and atrophy.
recently , tissue-specific stem cell therapy has attracted public attention as a next-generation therapeutic reagent.
in the present study , we isolated tissue-specific stem cells from the human submandibular salivary gland ( hsgscs ) .
to efficiently isolate and amplify hsgscs in large amounts , we developed a culture system ( lasting 4-5 weeks ) without any selection.
in addition , hsgscs were differentiated into amylase-expressing cells by using a two-step differentiation method.
method : the results revealed that the ability to coordinate attention increases with age , reaching adult values by age @number@ years.
sedentary behaviors ( involving prolonged sitting ) can be associated detrimentally with health outcomes.
older adults , the most sedentary age group , are especially at risk due to their high levels of television viewing time.
this study examined individual , social , and physical environmental correlates of older adults ' television viewing.
the results showed significant relationships between television viewing time and individual , social , and physical environmental factors.
only the global mental dimension of the sf-36 was sensitive to exergame practice.
exergames appear to be an effective way to train postural control in older adults.
because of the multimodal nature of the activity , exergames provide an effective tool for remediation of age-related problems.
background : leukocyte telomere length ( tl ) is considered a marker of biological aging.
methods : we investigated whether leukocyte tl was related to brain atrophy and wmhs in a sample of @number@ non-demented individuals aged 64-75 years.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common and complex neurodegenerative disease in the elderly individuals.
recently , genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have been used to investigate ad pathogenesis.
these gwas have yielded important new insights into the genetic mechanisms of ad.
however , these newly identified ad susceptibility loci exert only very small risk effects and cannot fully explain the underlying ad genetic risk.
we hypothesize that combining the findings from different ad gwas may have greater power than genetic analysis alone.
our results provided the clues as to the link between these diseases using pathway analysis methods.
we believe that these findings will be very useful for future genetic studies of ad.
the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to brain structure change throughout the lifespan.
genetic influences were higher in men and on the left hemisphere compared with the right.
in multivariate models , common genetic factors were observed for global and lobar total and gray matter volumes.
biological tests showed positive hcv and syphilis tests.
five months after the first treatment administration , she developed extensive purpuric lesions on her lower limbs , abdomen face and neck.
a skin biopsy showed ks.
the hhv-8 test was positive , with positive polymerase chain reaction-hhv8 in the serum and skin.
therefore , the present study was done to determine the effect of a healthy lifestyle program on elderly's health in arak.
materials and methods : this quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out on @number@ elderly citizens of arak.
results : the average age of the participants was @number@ ± @number@ years.
in terms of gender , the majority of the participants ( @percent@ ) were male.
moreover , there was a significant difference between katz adls in the elderly before and after the intervention ( p < @number@ ) .
the findings of this study can help design proper instructional guidelines on healthy lifestyle in the elderly.
nuclear factor-κb ( nf-κb ) regulates cellular responses to inflammation and aging , and alterations in nf-κb signaling underlie the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases.
effective clinical therapeutics targeting this pathway remain unavailable.
in primary human keratinocytes , we found that hypochlorite ( hocl ) reversibly inhibited the expression of ccl2 and sod2 , two nf-κb-dependent genes.
in nf-κb reporter mice , topical hocl reduced lps-induced nf-κb signaling in skin.
we further evaluated topical hocl use in two mouse models of nf-κb-driven epidermal disease.
for mice with acute radiation dermatitis , topical hocl inhibited the expression of nf-κb-dependent genes , decreased disease severity , and prevented skin ulceration.
in aged mice , topical hocl attenuated age-dependent production of p16ink4a and expression of the dna repair gene rad50.
additionally , skin of aged hocl-treated mice acquired enhanced epidermal thickness and proliferation , comparable to skin in juvenile animals.
cellular senescence contributes to aging and decline in tissue function. p53 isoform switching regulates replicative senescence in cultured fibroblasts and is associated with tumor progression.
here , we found that the endogenous p53 isoforms δ133p53 and p53β are physiological regulators of proliferation and senescence in human t lymphocytes in vivo.
human lung tumor-associated cd8 + t lymphocytes also harbored senescent cells.
cultured cd8 + blood t lymphocytes underwent replicative senescence that was associated with loss of cd28 and δ133p53 protein.
conversely , δ133p53 knockdown or p53β overexpression in cd8 + cd28 + cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced senescence.
this study establishes a role for δ133p53 and p53β in regulation of cellular proliferation and senescence in vivo.
objectives : the gold standard treatment for a non-metastatic , invasive bladder cancer is an open radical cystoprostatectomy ( orcp ) .
laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy ( lrcp ) is still an experimental technique in evaluation.
we describe our perioperative results defined as surgical and safety oncology variables.
methods : every patient who underwent a lrcp between @date@ and @date@ in the urology department of the university public hospital was evaluated.
we perform a descriptive retrospective analysis.
results : we evaluated @number@ patients , @number@ males and @number@ females , with a mean age of @number@ ( 44-79 ) .
seventeen patients ( @time@ % ) presented with previous abdominal surgery , and @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) presented a medical history of urological surgery.
the mean surgery time was @number@ minutes ( 180-420 ) .
the mean hospital stay was @number@ days ( standard deviation ( sd ) : @number@ ) .
the onset of tolerance to surgery occurred after @number@ days ( sd : @number@ ) .the transfusion rate after surgical intervention was @percent@.
the mean number of nodes removed , by means of ilio-obturator lymphadenectomy , was @number@ ( 13-19 ) .
there were no intraoperative complications.
early complications ( less than @number@ month after the intervention ) occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .there were no post-operative deaths.
there were late complications ( starting one month after the intervention ) in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : our study demonstrated that lrcp is safe and reproducible and represents a minimally invasive option for patients with infiltrative bladder cancer.
stem cells are able to generate both cells that differentiate and cells that remain undifferentiated but potentially have the same developmental program.
in the last decade evidence from different laboratories shows that memory t cells may share self-renewal pathways with bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells.
intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that might be common to bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and memory t lymphocytes are discussed and related to self-renewal functions.
background : memory complaints in older adults may be a precursor of measurable cognitive decline.
causes for these complaints may vary across age groups.
participants reporting memory complaints at baseline were excluded.
data on predictors of memory complaints were collected at baseline and analyzed using logistic regression analyses.
multiple imputation was applied to handle the missing data ; missing data due to mortality were not imputed.
results : in persons aged 55-65 years , @percent@ reported memory complaints after three years of follow-up.
in persons 65-75 years old , the incidence of memory complaints was @percent@.
conclusions : the classification models led to the identification of specific target groups at risk for memory complaints.
suggestions for person-tailored interventions may be based on these risk profiles.
background : this study investigated gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among older adults in south korea.
methods : using data from the korean longitudinal study of ageing , @number@ females and @number@ males were analyzed separately.
cognitive impairment was measured based on the korean version of the mini-mental state exam score.
logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among korean older adults.
conclusions : findings suggest that the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognition varies with gender.
clinicians and service providers should consider gender differences when developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related cognitive decline among older adults.
the purpose of this study was to provide normative data for an elderly population living in spain.
the sample of this study was comprised of @number@ volunteers over @number@ years of age , which were grouped into six different age groups.
demographic data were collected and means , deviations , and ranges of all the measures were evaluated.
numerous studies have shown that there are acute cognitive side-effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer.
presumably , patients are more concerned about chronic treatment effects.
this report from a prospective longitudinal study compares cognitive functioning in @number@ breast cancer patients @number@ year after chemotherapy to that of @number@ healthy individuals.
frequency of cognitive decline was assessed using regression-based change scores.
furthermore , recovery was not seen in all cognitive domains.
in fact , the rebound was significant only for working memory.
longer multi-site studies are recommended to explore the risk factors for and the permanence of these longer-term cognitive effects.
background : mental health professionals are frequently involved in mental capacity determinations.
however , there is a lack of specific measures and well-defined procedures for these evaluations.
results : although some specific measures for financial abilities have been developed recently , the same is not true for testamentary capacity.
although depression in old age is less common than depression in younger populations , it still affects more than @number@ million community-living older adults.
depression in late life has been associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality from both suicide and illness.
its causes are multifactorial but are prominently related to both biologic and social factors.
psychological factors , although less studied in elders , are also important in understanding its cause.
in this article , multiple facets of late-life depression are reviewed , including its clinical presentation , epidemiology , and biopsychosocial causes.
mental health disorders in terms of an aging population are discussed in this review.
statistics on depression in later life are presented with a discussion of physical health comorbidities.
age-related muscle loss impacts on whole-body metabolism and leads to frailty and sarcopenia , which are risk factors for fractures and mortality.
although nutrients are integral to muscle metabolism the relationship between nutrition and muscle loss has only been extensively investigated for protein and amino acids.
the objective of the present paper is to describe other aspects of nutrition and their association with skeletal muscle mass.
in terms of catabolism the ubiquitin proteasome system , apoptosis , autophagy , inflammation , oxidation and insulin resistance are among the major mechanisms proposed.
the limited research associating vitamin d , alcohol , dietary acid-base load , dietary fat and anti-oxidant nutrients with age-related muscle loss is described.
clearly , more research into other aspects of nutrition and their role in prevention of muscle loss is required.
cyp21a2 gene mutations in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) , and the child's parents , were detected in the study.
the clinical features , treatment monitoring and molecular genetic mechanism of cah are reviewed.
the proband had a homozygous mutation at c.293-13c in the second intron of cyp21 gene , while the parents had heterozygous mutations.
these factors are helpful for improving prognosis and increasing fah.
investigating the molecular genetic mechanism of cah can improve recognition and optimize diagnosis of this disease.
in addition , carrier diagnosis and genetic counseling for the proband family are of great significance.
background : older adults are more likely to live alone , because they may have been predeceased by their spouse and friends.
social interaction could also be reduced in this age group due by limited mobility caused by chronic conditions.
therefore , aging is frequently accompanied by reduced social support , which might affect health status.
little is known about the role of gender in the relationship between social support and health in older adults.
methods : a cross-sectional study using two-stage probabilistic sampling recruited @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and above.
data were collected during the national influenza vaccination campaign in rio de janeiro , brazil , in @number@
individual interviews collected information on srh , perceived social support , social network , and other covariates.
multivariate logistic regression analyses using nested models were conducted separately for males and females.
low perceived social support predicted the probability of poor srh in women ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @date@ ) .
poor srh was associated with low age , low income , not working , poor functional capacity , and depression in both men and women.
more somatic health problems were associated with poor srh in women.
conclusions : the association between social interactions and srh varies between genders.
the hypothesis that the relationship of perceived social support and social networks to srh differs according to gender has been confirmed.
objectives : anger is a common feeling among family caregivers of elderly dependents.
however , this feeling has received less attention than other emotional effects of caring.
this study measures anger in caregivers and analyzes its predictors.
staged stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were carried out for each of the four anger scores.
results : caregivers presented mild anger levels and showed expression-in rather than expression-out of anger.
explained variance for each of these regression models was @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
burden was the only significant predictor for internal anger expression ( @percent@ explained variance ) .
reducing burden in caregivers might result in reductions of anger expression-in.
data underscore the need to consider anger feeling and both in-expression and out-expression of anger separately in order to understand anger experience in caregivers.
method : we employed a program which consists of training based on autobiographical memory , forgiveness and gratitude.
the sample consisted of @number@ participants aged 60-93 years.
state and trait anxiety , depression , general memory , specific memories , life satisfaction and subjective happiness were measured.
i will then briefly discuss models of aging and propose an experiment that would distinguish between those models and provide a basis for organismic rejuvenation.
it has been a decade since the first surprising discovery that longer telomeres in humans are statistically associated with longer life expectancies.
since then , it has been firmly established that telomere shortening imposes an individual fitness cost in a number of mammalian species , including humans.
this raises the question how the sequestration of telomerase might have evolved.
the predominant assumption is that in higher organisms , shortening telomeres provide a firewall against tumor growth.
a more straightforward interpretation is that telomere attrition provides an aging clock , reliably programming lifespans.
there is a long-standing skepticism that the concept of fitness can be applied on a communal level , and of group selection in general.
but the cancer hypothesis is problematic as well.
animal studies indicate that there is a net fitness cost in sequestration of telomerase , even when cancer risk is lowered.
if telomeres are an aging clock , then telomerase makes an attractive target for medical technologies that seek to expand the human life- and health-spans.
animals and plants have biological clocks that help to regulate circadian cycles , seasonal rhythms , growth , development , and sexual maturity.
it is reasonable to suspect that the timing of senescence is also influenced by one or more biological clocks.
evolutionary reasoning first articulated by g. williams suggests that multiple , redundant clocks might influence organismal aging.
some aging clocks that have been proposed include the suprachiasmatic nucleus , the hypothalamus , involution of the thymus , and cellular senescence.
cellular senescence , mediated by telomere attrition , is in a class by itself , having recently been validated as a primary regulator of aging.
gene expression is known to change in characteristic ways with age , and in particular dna methylation changes in age-related ways.
if validated , this mechanism would present a challenging target for medical intervention.
during the last decade , evidence has been accumulating supporting the hypothesis that aging is genetically programmed and , therefore , precisely timed.
this hypothesis poses a question : what is the mechanism of the biological clock that controls aging ?
measuring the level of the advanced glycation end products ( age ) is one of the possible principles underlying the functioning of the biological clock.
protein glycation is an irreversible , non-enzymatic , and relatively slow process.
moreover , many types of cells have receptors that can measure age level.
we propose the existence of a protein that has a lifespan comparable to that of the whole organism.
this could result in the age-dependent decrease in the level of this hormone leading to aging of the organism.
in the late seventies , a small tribal population of paraguay , the ache , living under natural conditions , was studied.
data from this population turn out to be useful for considerations about evolutionary hypotheses on the aging phenomenon.
however , data from our population show that a significant proportion of the population reaches in the wild @number@ and @number@ years of age.
the current interpretation is that these restrictions are a general defense against the proliferation of any tumoral mass.
however , among wild ache cancer is virtually unknown in non-elderly subjects , and only among older individuals are there deaths attributable to oncological diseases.
moreover , fitness decline begins long before oncological diseases have fatal effects in significant numbers.
this completely disproves the current hypothesis , because a supposed defense against a deadly disease cannot exterminate a population before the disease begins to kill.
recent field studies suggest that it is common in nature for animals to outlive their reproductive viability.
post-reproductive life span has been observed in a broad range of vertebrate and invertebrate species.
but post-reproductive life span poses a paradox for traditional theories of life history evolution.
the commonly cited explanation is the \ "grandmother hypothesis \ " , which applies only to higher , social mammals.
we propose that post-reproductive life span evolves to stabilize predator-prey population dynamics , avoiding local extinctions.
in the absence of senescence , juveniles would be the most susceptible age class.
if juveniles are the first to disappear when predation pressure is high , this amplifies the population's risk of extinction.
a class of older , senescent individuals can help shield the juveniles from predation , stabilizing demographics and avoiding extinction.
aging is a complex and not well understood process.
to date , much evidence has been obtained that contradicts the theories of aging as being due to accumulation of various damages.
the necessity of this phenomenon , since a. weismann , has been justified by the need for population renewal according to ecological and evolutionary requirements.
species-specific lifespan , age-dependent changes in expression pattern of genes , etc. are compatible with the concept of phenoptosis.
however , the intraspecific rate of aging was shown to vary over of a wide range depending on living conditions.
this article examines possible interconnection between unhealthy overeating and the theory of programmed aging and phenoptosis.
some proponents of non-programmed aging still contend that their non-programmed theories are superior despite the new mechanics concepts.
our reasoning was founded on the assumption that , with age , some of the existing patterns can be destabilized or even lost.
analysis of the discontinuity in id-at relation showed that young participants switched from the co-variation to the dissociation pattern as id increased.
pattern switching was accompanied by concomitant changes in the variability of at / dt ratio.
older adults , on the other hand , used the dissociation pattern regardless of the id.
consequently , they showed neither an abrupt discontinuity in id-at relation nor significant changes in the variability of at / dt ratio across difficulty levels.
conclusion : these findings support the view that aging may result in a compression of the neuro-behavioural repertoire.
the brain is a lipid-rich organ where docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) is enriched and where eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) may have anti-inflammatory effects.
in longitudinal observation studies we mainly observe inverse relations between fish intake or serum concentrations of dha and cognitive impairment.
in studies that provided epa and dha to adults with mild cognitive impairment or age-related cognitive impairment the data seem to be positive.
however , when patients with established ad were supplemented with epa and dha it appears no benefit was gained.
for studies on healthy individuals , a major concern is that the treatment periods may have been too short.
there might also be subgroup effects because of the carriage of apolipoprotein eε4 alleles or risk factor burden.
we are getting closer to providing evidence-based recommendations on fish and fish oil intake to facilitate memory function during old age.
basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives , although further molecular studies are necessary.
there is encouraging , but limited , evidence of a cardioprotective effect of cranberries mediated via actions on antioxidant capacity and lipoprotein profiles.
berry fruit , including cranberries , represent a rich source of phenolic bioactives that may contribute to human health.
iron status and immune response become impaired in situations that involve chronic inflammation , such as obesity or aging.
little is known , however , about the additional burden that obesity may place on the iron status and immune response in the elderly.
iron is necessary for proper function of both the innate and adaptive immune system.
hepcidin , a peptide hormone that regulates cellular iron export , is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis.
therefore , since immune cells require iron for proper function hepcidin may also play an important role in immune response.
we also identify several gaps in knowledge and unanswered questions pertaining to iron homeostasis and immunity in obese populations.
finally , we review studies that have shown the impact of weight loss , focusing on calorie restriction , iron homeostasis , and immunity.
the common nature of the trait suggests the presence of many genetic factors that individually may have modest effects.
to achieve an adequate sample size to detect these common variants , large , international collaborations have formed.
these consortia typically use meta-analysis to combine multiple studies from many different populations.
this paper seeks to determine whether the non-replication in this areds sample may be due to the limited number of snps chosen for replication.
we analyzed the snps for association with refractive error using standard regression methods in plink.
the effective number of tests was calculated using the genetic type i error calculator.
recently , new topical nsaids have been approved for topical ophthalmic use , allowing for greater drug penetration into the vitreous.
hence , new therapeutic effects can be achieved , such as reduction of exudation secondary to age-related macular degeneration or diabetic maculopathy.
we provide an updated review on the clinical use of nsaids for retinal diseases , with a focus on the potential future applications.
here , we examine changes in resting-state brain function in humans from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
a voxel-based mixed model analysis was used to compare groups with and without subsequent impairment.
these changes were linear in nature and were not influenced by longitudinal changes in regional tissue volume.
study design : retrospective study.
in addition , ct scans of the head from @number@ young adults ( 20-40 years old ) were retrieved from a medical records database.
three-dimensional reconstruction and 2-dimensional sagittal views were used to measure the distance between the mandible and hyoid bone.
comparisons between age groups , genders , and aspiration status were made.
results : older adults had a larger distance between the hyoid and mandible in both latitude and longitudinal positions compared to the young adults.
among older males , there was evidence that the hyoid bone in the aspirators tended to be positioned more posterior compared to the nonaspirators.
t1ρ maps were calculated and atlas-based segmentation used to determine regional t1ρ values.
linear regression was used to determine changes in t1ρ with age.
conclusion : t1ρ demonstrates changes related to the processes of normal aging.
objective : the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and dementia requires detailed neuropsychological examinations.
these examinations typically yield a large number of outcome variables , which may complicate the interpretation and communication of results.
to identify the underlying cognitive dimensions of the two test batteries , maximum likelihood factor analyses with a promax rotation were conducted.
results : the factor analyses yielded seven factors for each test battery.
furthermore , patients with stable mci could be separated from patients with progressing mci.
conclusion : these findings suggest that these cognitive dimensions may benefit neuropsychological diagnostics.
cardiovascular risk factors and the ankle-brachial index ( abi ) were also assessed.
the results suggest that short-term changes in air pollution were associated with augmentation index and augmentation pressure at several moving averages.
overall , the findings were similar for augmentation pressure.
the findings support the hypothesis that exposure to air pollution may affect vascular function.
many cross-sectional studies have investigated the relationship between neighborhood physical environment and physical activity.
we used longitudinal data from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( 2000-2007 ) of @number@ adults who were aged 45-84 years at baseline.
physical activity was assessed via a semiquantitative questionnaire at baseline and at @number@ follow-up visits ( approximately @number@ and @number@ years later ) .
this association was stronger in older adults.
better access to recreational facilities may benefit middle-aged and older adults by enabling them to maintain activity levels as they age.
this study examined the efficacy of motivational interviewing ( mi ) for increasing physical activity in aging adults.
these findings support the use of telephone-based mi for increasing physical activity in older adults in the short-term.
future studies will need to determine if follow-up booster sessions increase long-term efficacy.
this comparative study examined the effects of regular low intensity aerobic exercise on oxidative stress markers in older adults.
before and after an incremental exercise test , oxidative stress markers were assessed.
superoxide dismutase was higher at rest and at the recovery for the physically active subjects compared with sedentary subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
at recovery , glutathione peroxidase and α -tocopherol increased significantly above the resting values only in the active group ( p < @number@ ) .
these data suggest that low intensity aerobic exercise may be useful to prevent the decline of antioxidants linked with aging.
demographic and neuropathologic characteristics were correlated with the clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes in the @number@ subjects meeting these criteria.
both neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles independently predicted clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes.
severe small-vessel disease , severe amyloid angiopathy , and hippocampal sclerosis were also independently associated with the degree of cognitive impairment.
by contrast , education was a strong independent protective factor against cognitive deficits.
the cause of mild to moderate dementia remained uncertain in @percent@ of the patients.
inverse probability weighting suggests the generalizability of these results to nonautopsied cohorts.
thus , multiple concomitant etiologies of brain damage and premorbid characteristics contribute to the uncertainty of ad clinicopathologic correlations based only on tangles and plaques.
the study population consisted of @number@ community-dwelling individuals ( 75-98 years , @percent@ female ) .
in multivariate models , higher age , impaired cognition , and lower grip strength were independently associated with nonadoption.
in the future , more individually-tailored interventions are needed to overcome the factors that prevent exercise initiation.
background : the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) index is a weighted combination of age and @number@ clinical variables.
it has been well correlated with all-cause mortality among hiv-infected patients.
the us military hiv natural history study ( nhs ) cohort provides a different validation population profile , being younger and healthier.
methods : nhs subjects have medical history and laboratory data collected at 6-month visits.
we then tested whether combining longitudinal vacs index values at different time points improves prediction of mortality.
moderate overprediction of mortality in this young , healthy population suggests minor recalibration that could improve fit among similar patients.
considering vacs index at hi and @number@ months improved outcome prediction and allowed earlier risk assessment.
research suggests that the drug rapamycin slows mammalian aging , but a provocative new study has gained attention by claiming to show it does not.
thus , increasing the efficiency of the delivery of healthcare services through the use of modern technology is a pressing issue.
the iaserv is expected to offer intelligent , pervasive , accurate and contextually-aware personal care services.
architecturally the implemented iaserv leverages web services and cloud computing to provide economic , scalable , and robust healthcare services over the internet.
opioids are effective analgesics for the management of moderate to severe cancer pain.
here we show that κ opioid receptor ( kor ) agonists act as anti-angiogenic factors in tumors.
these findings indicate that kor agonists play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and this knowledge could lead to a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
a block randomisation method was used to randomise participants into case and control groups.
fatigue , adl and qol were assessed before and after the intervention in both groups.
independent and paired t-tests , chi-squared tests and covariance analysis were used to analysing data.
home-based nursing pulmonary rehabilitation can be an effective , inexpensive and accessible programme for decreasing fatigue and improving adl and qol for patients with copd.
different enzyme deficiencies comprise the mps iii subcategories ( a , b , c , d ) .
results : compromised bbb integrity was found in both mps iii cases.
background & aims : falling is a major issue in geriatric health.
tools that identify individuals at risk of falling can help reduce the risk of falling.
methods : subjects were @number@ ≥ 53-year old taiwanese who completed both the @number@ and @number@ \ "taiwan longitudinal study on aging \ " surveys.
both versions significantly predicted the risk of falling and performed slightly better in ≥65-year old persons than in younger ( 53-64-year old ) persons.
the short-form performed relatively well compared to the full scale.
all-cause mortality was followed by means of an annual telephone or mailed survey.
multiple logistic regression analysis identified male gender and better cognitive function as consistent determinants of physical independence across all age categories.
in a longitudinal analysis , better physical function was significantly associated with survival advantage until the age of @number@
however , mortality beyond that age was predicted neither by functional status nor biomedical measurements , indicating alternative trajectories of mortality at the highest ages.
conclusions : these findings suggest that maintaining physical independence is a key feature of survival into extreme old age.
background : many strategies have been evaluated to improve the prevention and control of cardiovascular ( cvd ) risk factors.
nursing telephonic and tele-counseling individualized lifestyle educational programs have been found to improve blood pressure control and adherence to lifestyle recommendation.
this study tested the efficacy of a nurse-led reminder program through email ( nrp-e ) to improve cvd risk factors among hypertensive adults.
methods : all participants received usual cvd prevention and a guideline-based educational program.
subjects in the nrp-e group also received weekly email alerts and phone calls from a nurse care manager for @number@ months.
emails contained a reminder program on the need for adherence with a healthy lifestyle based upon current guidelines.
conclusions : the nrp-e improved a range of cvd risk factors.
background : age-related muscle loss ( that is , sarcopenia ) is a common health problem among older people.
physical exercise and dietary protein have been emphasized in prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
rigorous trials investigating the effects of protein supplementation on physical performance in sarcopenic populations are still scarce.
persons at risk of sarcopenia are screened with hand grip strength and gait speed.
poorly performing persons are further examined by segmental bioimpendance spectroscopy to determine their skeletal muscle index.
all the participants will receive instructions on simple home-based exercises , dietary protein , and vitamin d supplementation ( @number@ μg / d ) .
the recruitment of patients will be completed during @number@
the primary endpoint of the trial is the change in short physical performance battery score and percentage of patients maintaining or improving their physical performance.
the assessment times will be @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
trial registration : actrn12612001253897 , date of registration @date@ , first patient was randomized @date@ .
more than 1·2 million patients are diagnosed with colorectal cancer every year , and more than @number@ die from the disease.
incidence strongly varies globally and is closely linked to elements of a so-called western lifestyle.
incidence is higher in men than women and strongly increases with age ; median age at diagnosis is about @number@ years in developed countries.
despite strong hereditary components , most cases of colorectal cancer are sporadic and develop slowly over several years through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
5-year relative survival ranges from greater than @percent@ in patients with stage i disease to slightly greater than @percent@ in patients with stage iv disease.
screening has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality , but organised screening programmes are still to be implemented in most countries.
background : physical activity and sitting time independently contribute to chronic disease risk , though little work has focused on aspirational health outcomes.
methods : the @number@ and up study is a large australian prospective cohort study ( n = @number@ ) .
the active australia survey was used to assess walking , moderate , and vigorous physical activity.
sitting time was determined by asking participants to indicate number of hours per day usually spent sitting.
participants reported overall health and quality of life , using a five-point scale ( excellent-poor ) .
binary logistic regression models were used to analyze associations , controlling for potential confounders.
results : approximately @percent@ of participants reported exh , and @percent@ reported exqol.
other objectives of the study were to evaluate micronutrient adequacy of each pattern and to determine the association of diet with sarcopenia.
cluster analysis was used to determine patterns and mean adequacy ratio ( mar ) to determine adequacy of @number@ micronutrients.
mar ranged from @number@ for the sweet drink cluster to @number@ for the pasta / rice dish cluster.
sarcopenia was present in @percent@ of the sample , ranging from @percent@ in the poultry cluster to @percent@ in the alcoholic drink cluster.
this study is the first to report an association between diet and sarcopenia in people younger than @number@ years.
the identification of presarcopenia has important implications for dietary interventions that might delay age-associated loss of lean mass.
the combination of age-related increases in obesity and inflammation can lead to chronic disease , decreased strength , and physical disability.
future controlled trials are indicated to examine the effects of incorporating these foods into multimodal weight loss interventions.
the partnership with the university , nevertheless , provided a point of stability and continuity for the project officers in implementing their mandate.
achilles tendinopathy is a highly prevalent sports injury.
animal studies show a growth response in tendons in response to loading in the immature phase but not after puberty maturation.
twelve men in hay group and eight men in lay group participated.
there was no difference between the groups with respect to tendon cross-sectional area or tendon free length.
there was no difference between the groups with respect to maximal force or mechanical properties.
the age-friendly manitoba initiative was launched in @number@
the majority of communities implemented one or more age-friendly projects.
this article describes an award program sponsored by the u.s. environmental protection agency for excellence in smart growth and active aging.
having examined qualitative and quantitative data , we suggest that any community can foster changes to improve the health and well-being of its aging population.
diverse winners took unique paths to change their built environments and encourage physical activity.
based on two contrasting case studies , this article illustrates the importance of collaborative partnership for the success of afc implementation.
in conclusion , we identify the main collaborative partnership conditions and factors in afc-qc.
this article describes an innovative model for integrating research into a policy and planning agenda aimed to help neighborhoods become more supportive of older adults.
philadelphia corporation for aging ( pca ) established age-friendly philadelphia ( afp ) to catalyze efforts to improve the physical and social environments for seniors.
the research program at pca became an important part of this effort by providing multiple types of supports to pca staff and other stakeholders.
most notably , the research program worked with planners to adopt the united states environmental protection agency's aging initiative model for philadelphia.
examples of practice efforts actualized using this research are also presented.
the pca model should be considered as a framework for similar efforts aimed at creating age-friendly communities.
impaired skeletal muscle efficiency potentially contributes to the age-related decline in exercise capacity and may explain the altered haemodynamic response to exercise in the elderly.
in contrast , the nirs oxyhaemoglobin , deoxyhaemoglobin and microvascular oxygenation indices were not significantly different between the groups ( p > 0.05 ) .
pdt licensed indications in dermatology are actinic keratosis , bowen's disease and superficial basal cell carcinomas.
skin tumors are sensitized by methyl aminomevulinate then illuminated with red light.
beyond these indication pdt is now widely used for the treatment of various others skin tumors and infectious or inflammatory skin disorders.
pdt treatment of large areas can induce intense pain.
optimising pdt treatment needs to optimize pain control.
freezing or cooling procedure is the best way to decrease pain.
the most interesting aspects of pdt is the absence of severe delayed adverse events and an optimal healing.
this study aims to describe the urban-rural differences in use and cost of long-term care of the disabled elderly and to explore potential influencing factors.
methods : this study uses data from a cross-sectional survey and a qualitative investigation conducted in zhejiang province in @number@
the participants were @number@ individuals over @number@ years of age , who had been bedridden or suffered from dementia for more than @number@ months.
a generalized linear model and two-part regression model were applied to estimate costs , with adjustment of covariates.
results : pensions provide the main source of income for urban elderly , while the principal income source for rural elderly is their family.
urban residents spend more on all services than do rural residents.
those who are married spend less on daily supplies and formal care than the unmarried do.
urban residents , the married , and those with a higher income level tend to spend more on medical equipment.
urban residence and living status are the two significant factors that affect spending on personal hygiene products.
conclusions : the use of long-term care services varies by living area.
long-term care of the disabled elderly imposes a substantial burden on families.
our study revealed that informal care involves huge opportunity costs to the caregivers.
the present study aimed to determine whether this capacity is compromised by effects of aging.
ten healthy older adults were tested with the previous protocol and compared with the previously-tested young adults.
subjects also performed a spatial- or non-spatial-memory cognitive task during the delay-time in a subset of trials.
results showed that older adults had slower reactions than the young across all experimental conditions.
this provides new evidence that spatial working memory plays a role in the control of perturbation-evoked balance-recovery reactions.
the oxidation of top thiol groups by peroxidases did not promote the inactivating oligomerization observed in the oxidation promoted by the enzyme aging.
these findings are discussed towards a possible occurrence of these reactions in cells.
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) has become a signature wound of the wars in iraq and afghanistan.
this study examined the cognitive and neurohistological effects of tbi in presymptomatic app / ps1 ad-transgenic mice.
ad mice and non-transgenic ( nt ) mice received an experimental tbi on the right parietal cortex using the controlled cortical impact model.
a separate group of ad mice and nt mice were evaluated neurohistologically at six weeks after tbi.
similar changes in extracellular aβ deposits and map2 positive cells were also seen in the hippocampus.
these results demonstrate for the first time that tbi precipitates cognitive impairment in presymptomatic ad mice , while also confirming extracellular aβ deposits following tbi.
background : aging is a biological process strongly determined by genetics.
however , only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) have been reported to be consistently associated with aging.
methods : taqman qpcr assays were developed to quantify @number@ common cnvs in @number@ senior american caucasians in order to reveal possible association with longevity.
the replication study was comprised of @number@ community-dwelling senior european caucasians.
replicated cnvs were further investigated for association with healthy aging and aging-related diseases , while association with longevity was additionally tested in caenorhabditis elegans.
the finding was validated in a replication study ( or = 0.66 , 95%ci @number@.48-0.90 , p = 0.011 for females ) .
cntnap4 association with longevity was supported by a marked @percent@ lifespan change in c. elegans after knocking down the ortholog gene.
conclusion : this is the first demonstration for association of the cntnap4 gene and one of its intronic cnv polymorphisms with aging.
association with particular aging-related diseases awaits replication and independent validation.
to better understand age differences in brain function and behavior , the current study applied network science to model functional interactions between brain regions.
with the speeding tendency of aging society , human neurological disorders have posed an ever increasing threat to public health care.
currently , there are no more effective treatments against these diseases.
traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) is focused on , which can provide new strategies for the therapy in neurological disorders.
tcm , including chinese herb medicine , acupuncture , and other nonmedication therapies , has its unique therapies in treating neurological diseases.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age on hemispheric asymmetry in the auditory cortex after pure tone stimulation.
ten young and @number@ older healthy volunteers took part in this study.
two-dimensional multivoxel 1h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were performed before and after stimulation.
the distribution of metabolites between the left and right auditory cortex was also determined.
in summary , there is marked hemispheric asymmetry in auditory cortical metabolites following pure tone stimulation in young , but not older adults.
this reduced asymmetry in older adults may at least in part underlie the speech perception difficulties / presbycusis experienced by aging adults.
among those with definite pad , @percent@ were asymptomatic.
conclusion : among older community-dwelling men and women , @percent@ had pad and @percent@ had borderline or low normal abi values.
clinical trial registration url : @url@ unique identifier : nct01072500.
background : general opinion is growing that drug cessation in complex older patients is warranted in certain situations.
from a clinical viewpoint , drug cessation seems most warranted in four situations , i.e. , falls , delirium , cognitive impairment and end-of-life situations.
to date , little information about the effects of drug cessation in these four situations is available.
objectives : to identify the effects and effectiveness of drug cessation on falls , delirium and cognitive impairment.
for end-of-life situations , we reviewed cessation of inappropriate drug use.
methods : electronic databases were searched using mesh terms and relevant keywords.
results : we selected seven articles for falls , none for delirium , two for cognition and two for end-of-life situations.
withdrawal of psychotropics reduced fall rate ; a prescribing modification programme for primary care physicians reduced fall risk.
withdrawal of psychotropics and a systematic reduction of polypharmacy resulted in an improvement of cognition.
very little rigorous research has been conducted on reducing inappropriate medications in patients approaching end of life.
conclusion : little research has focussed on drug cessation.
available studies showed a beneficial impact of cessation of psychotropic drugs on falls and cognitive status.
more research in this field is needed.
health literacy is known to affect vulnerable communities such as persons living with hiv / aids.
a number of studies did not find health literacy to explain health behaviors whereas other studies supported such a relationship.
all the sn components showed significant differences in the gmv , intranetwork fc , and internetwork fc between the hyc and hoc.
most of the sn components showed differences in the gmv between the hoc and ad and between the amci and ad.
methods : we recruited @number@ healthy chinese adults , aged @number@ to @number@ years , from the singapore chinese eye study , a population-based survey.
all participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and a standardized interview.
linear regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of various ocular and systemic factors on macular thickness.
results : the mean ( standard deviation ) age of the subjects was @number@ ( @number@ ) years and @percent@ of them were male.
sex , age , and axial length ( al ) are the factors that influenced macular thicknesses.
these factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting macular thickness measurements with sd-oct.
background : brain glioma is a relatively rare and fatal malignancy in adulthood with few known risk factors.
some observational studies have reported inverse associations between diabetes and subsequent glioma risk , but possible mechanisms are unclear.
we also examined the associations between @number@ diabetes risk-associated snps , identified from genome-wide association studies , and glioma risk.
odds ratios ( or ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.
the association did not differ by sex , study design , or after restricting to glioblastoma , the most common histological subtype.
we did not observe any significant per-allele trends among the @number@ diabetes-related snps examined in relation to glioma risk.
conclusion : these results support an inverse association between diabetes history and glioma risk.
isolated atrial amyloidosis ( iaa ) is a common localized form of amyloid deposition within the atria of the aging heart.
the main constituents of amyloid fibrils are atrial natriuretic peptide ( anp ) and the n-terminal part of its precursor form ( nt-proanp ) .
an ' aggregation-prone ' heptapeptide ( ( @number@ ) klrallt ( @number@ ) ) was located within the nt-proanp sequence.
background : midlife vascular disease risk is a strong risk factor for late-life dementia.
central arterial stiffness , a hallmark of vascular aging , is associated with accelerated brain aging and cognitive decline.
habitual aerobic exercise is an effective lifestyle strategy to reduce central arterial stiffness and is related to lower risk of cognitive impairment.
conclusion : lower carotid artery stiffness in endurance-trained adults is associated with better neuropsychological outcome and greater occipitoparietal perfusion.
historically , the patient call bell has been the mechanism by which patients can alert a health-care worker to provide help.
the authors were concerned that , in an increasingly comorbid population , this method of raising help was not fit for purpose.
the call bells were on average @number@ cm away from the bed.
tet2 gene mutations similar to those observed in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies also accumulate with age in otherwise healthy subjects with clonal hematopoiesis.
tet dioxygenases require 2-oxoglutarate , oxygen and fe ( ii ) for their activity , which is enhanced in the presence of ascorbic acid.
tet2 is the most expressed tet gene in the hematopoietic tissue , especially in hematopoietic stem cells.
the tet2 level is regulated by interaction with idax , originating from tet2 gene fission during evolution , and by the microrna mir-22.
tet2 has pleiotropic roles during hematopoiesis , including stem-cell self-renewal , lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of monocytes.
health care in the united states includes a vast array of complex interrelationships among those who receive , provide , and finance care.
yearly growth has decreased since @number@ especially since @number@ but , at @percent@ per year , exceeds any other industry and gdp overall.
government funding increased from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
the findings from this analysis contradict several common assumptions.
measurements of cost and outcome ( applied to groups ) are supplanting individuals ' preferences.
clinicians increasingly are expected to substitute social and economic goals for the needs of a single patient.
these contradictory forces are difficult to reconcile , creating risk of growing instability and political tensions.
regina is a 38-year-old woman who has been trying to conceive for about a year.
she married late in life and started trying to conceive shortly thereafter.
she decided to seek medical help.
this study aimed to evaluate changes in voiding with age in women with different urodynamic diagnoses.
it was concluded that the data suggest that there is no significant change in voiding function related to age.
in the elderly , the main alteration in voiding is due to a higher prevalence of do.
the objective of the study was to assess anti-müllerian hormone's ( amh ) role in predicting spontaneous onset of pregnancy.
this observational cohort study included @number@ women with unexplained infertility and normal or low ovarian reserve.
spearman's correlation was used for comparison of strength of correlation.
the diagnostic power of amh in predicting spontaneous pregnancy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves.
markers of ovarian reserve in pregnant women and women without pregnancy were similar.
the study did not find a predictive role for amh in predicting spontaneous onset of pregnancy.
even when amh levels are very low , a spontaneous pregnancy may still occur.
the current research challenge is to determine the primary pathways contributing to ' non- or epi-genetic ' causes of excess adult weight gain and adiposity.
it may provide a missing link in the developmental regulation of energy metabolism.
our review therefore considers the role of the fto gene in the early-life determination of body weight , body composition and energy balance.
we will summarize current knowledge on fto biology combining human genetic epidemiology , molecular models and findings from animal studies.
ultimately , we propose a new hypothesis for future research designed to understand the role of fto in setting gene expression in metabolically active tissues.
twelve age-matched untrained men ( o-un ) and a group of young trained and young untrained men were recruited for comparison.
results : in o-un and o-tr , type ii fibres were smaller and contained fewer satellite cells than type i fibres.
a strong positive relationship between fibre size and satellite cell content was detected in trained individuals.
in line with a history of myofibre repair , a greater number of fibres with centrally located myonuclei were detected in o-tr.
objective : this study investigated the effect of verbal prompting on elders ' 10-year longitudinal change in everyday cognition.
differential effects of prompting associated with impaired cognitive status were also examined.
when participants said \ "i don't know \ " or did not respond to an item , they received a standardized verbal prompt.
multilevel modeling , adjusting for demographics / health / training group , was used to determine the trajectories of otdl performance.
method : @number@ individuals with amci were compared with @number@ healthy older adult controls on a story learning task.
subjects were trained to criteria to equalize initial learning across subjects.
recall was tested at both the 30-min typically used delay and a 1-week delay used to target consolidation.
significant group main effects were also found , with amci recalling less than controls.
conclusion : consolidation was impaired in amci as compared with controls.
our findings indicate that amci-related performance typically measured at @number@ min underestimates amci-associated memory deficits.
however , some individuals arrive to advanced ages without any major health problems , referred to as healthy aging.
the immune system dysfunction seems to be somehow mitigated in this population , probably due to genetic and environmental factors yet to be described.
in this review , an attempt is made to summarize the current knowledge on how the immune system is affected by the aging process.
aim : to systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of mirodenafil treatment in erectile dysfunction ( ed ) from randomised controlled trials.
methods : we searched pubmed , embase and the cochrane library database up to @date@ .
two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data.
all data were analyzed using revman @number@
results : a total of @number@ participants from three randomized controlled trials were identified in this meta-analysis.
after @number@ weeks treatment , mirodenafil was found to be more effective than placebo , and tolerability was good.
conclusion : this meta-analysis suggested that mirodenafil is effective and well-tolerated therapy for ed.
it is well established that emotion recognition of facial expressions declines with age , but evidence for age-related differences in vocal emotions is more limited.
this is especially true for nonverbal vocalizations such as laughter , sobs , or sighs.
these effects were similar for positive and negative emotions , and they were independent of age-related differences in cognitive , affective , and personality measures.
the two groups were similarly efficient in using the acoustic cues , but there were differences in the patterns of emotion-specific predictors.
this study suggests that ageing produces specific changes on the processing of nonverbal vocalizations.
that decrements were not attenuated for positive emotions indicates that they cannot be explained by a positivity effect in older adults.
baicalin has shown multiple neuroprotective biological activities , including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegeneration diseases.
however , whether baicalin can regulate aβ-induced microglial activation or inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion has not been confirmed.
moreover , baicalin pretreatment can effectively inhibit aβ-induced phosphorylation of jak2 and stat3.
baicalin can inhibit aβ-induced microglial cell activation by regulating the jak2 / stat3 signaling pathway in ad transgenic mice.
the modulation of microglial proliferation , activation and secretion by baicalin could be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of alzheimer's disease.
the health benefits of the mediterranean diet can be largely ascribed to the nutraceutical properties of extra-virgin olive oil ( evoo ) .
these substances have been suggested to have the ability to modulate aging-associated processes.
in experimental models , it has been shown that evoo with high concentrations of polyphenols has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.
although there have been several demonstrations of such transfer effects in young adults and children , they have been difficult to demonstrate in older adults.
in this study , we investigated the generalizing effects of an adaptive wm intervention on nontrained measures of wm and visuospatial skills.
we randomly assigned healthy older adults to train on a verbal n-back task over the course of a month for either @number@ or @number@ sessions.
their performance change was compared with that of a control group.
our results revealed reliable group effects in nontrained standard clinical measures of wm and visuospatial skills in that both training groups outperformed the control group.
the improvements in visuospatial skills emerged even though the intervention was restricted to the verbal domain.
our work has important implications in that our data provide further evidence for plasticity of cognitive functions in old age.
in typical development , imitation plays a key role in sociocognitive competence.
children's response style to @number@ lateralized action prompts was recorded as either \ "mirror \ " or \ "transposed. \ "
overall , mirror-style response increased with age , and was predominant for children and an adult comparison group.
imitation style varied depending on the prompt given , with certain actions showing a side bias regardless of prompt viewed.
mirror-style response was correlated with tom performance after controlling for language ability , but not after controlling for age.
findings are discussed regarding the hypothesised relation between postural synchrony and larger perspective-taking competence.
despite a recent decline in the u.s. prison population , the older prisoner population is growing rapidly.
u.s. prisons are constitutionally required to provide health care to prisoners.
with their unique knowledge of complex chronic disease management , experts in geriatrics are positioned to help address the aging crisis in correctional health care.
design : nonrandomized controlled trial with pre- and posttraining tests in a training group and a control group.
setting : kinesiotherapy program for seniors with ad , são paulo state university.
intervention : the intervention program was structured with the aim of simultaneously promoting better balance and frontal cognitive capacity.
postural control ( center of pressure area ) was analyzed under four dual-task conditions.
conclusion : intervention participants performed better on dual-task activities and had better postural balance and greater functional capacity than controls.
objectives : to relate 5-year lean tissue loss to habitual physical activity of elderly adults.
design : longitudinal.
setting : community of nakanojo.
participants : community-living japanese aged @number@ to @number@ ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
measurements : daily 24-hour pedometer / accelerometer data , collected continuously for @number@ years , were categorized into activity quartiles.
bioelectrical impedance measurements of lean body mass were taken annually.
results : subjects with greater habitual physical activity retained a greater lean mass over the @number@ years of observation.
clinicians should encourage seniors to get at least this volume of regular daily exercise.
objectives : to determine whether preservation of physical function with aging may be partially met through modification in dietary protein intake.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : women's health initiative ( whi ) clinical trials ( ct ) and observational study ( os ) conducted at @number@ clinical centers.
participants : women aged @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) with dietary data and one or more physical function measures.
associations between calibrated protein intake and each of the physical function measures were assessed using generalized estimating equations.
results : calibrated protein intake ranged from @percent@ to @percent@ energy.
conclusion : higher calibrated protein intake is associated with better physical function and performance and slower rates of decline in postmenopausal women.
there are several presumed causes of this condition and anthropologists consider skull porosities as a marker of physical and nutritional stress.
a total of @number@ graves were discovered at the early-medieval graveyard near zadar ( croatia ) that contained @number@ partially preserved skeletons.
pathological bone porosity was analysed.
nineteen skulls had bone porosities in other areas.
sleep pattern changes are considered normal as individuals age.
however , changes in sleep patterns can ultimately affect the quality of life of many older adults.
in addition , many sleep conditions are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality.
it is essential for clinicians to recognize sleep changes to lead to appropriate treatment.
this article will focus on the assessment and interventions of sleep disorders in older adults.
primary sarcopenia is considered to be age-related when no other cause is evident , other than ageing itself.
secondary sarcopenia should be considered when one or more other causes are evident , such as activity- , disease- , or nutrition-related sarcopenia.
testosterone and growth hormone improve muscle mass and muscle strength , but have several side effects.
the etiology of sarcopenia in the elderly is multi-factorial.
the effect of pharmaceutical therapies for sarcopenia can be enhanced by this comprehensive approach.
future research on pharmaceutical therapies for counteracting sarcopenia should consider non-pharmaceutical therapies and also the causes of sarcopenia.
objective : to study the profile of p66shc expression and histone modifications in replicatively senescenct cells and oxidative-stress inducing premature senescenct cells.
methods : hpf cells were continuously cultured and subcultured in vitro to build replicative cellular model.
hpf cells were treated with @number@ pmol / l h2 o2 four times to build oxidative-stress inducing premature senescenct model.
comparative q-pcr was utilized to investigate target gene ( p66shc , ep300 , hdac1 ) expressions respectively in h2o2 treated groups and normal cell groups.
then chip-qpcr was conducted to analyze histone modifications of p66shc between young cells and aging cells.
h3 histone modifications were declined in p66shc gene regulating region.
conclusion : p66shc , ep300 and hdac1 probably play a role in cellular replicative senescence and oxidative-stress inducing premature senescence.
besides , histone modification could regulate p66shc gene expression.
abstract.
in the united states , west nile virus ( wnv ) causes annual seasonal outbreaks that fluctuate in size and scope.
there was a large multistate outbreak of wnv in @number@ with more human disease cases reported nationally than any year since @number@
introduction : quantitative ultrasound can measure skeletal muscle pathology.
we investigated whether inexperienced evaluators could accurately obtain and analyze ultrasound images.
gray scale levels ( gsls ) of muscle and subcutaneous fat were then measured by @number@ analysts : a trained research assistant and a radiologist.
we compared results between examiners and analysts.
results : interrater reliability of muscle gsls was high between examiners ( icc ≥ @number@ ) and analysts ( icc ≥ @number@ ) .
as anticipated , gsls were higher in dystrophic than in healthy muscles ( p < @number@ ) .
fat gsls were less reliable ( icc = @number@ @date@ ) than muscle and increased with age and body size.
declarative memory evaluation is an essential step in the clinical and neuropsychological assessment of a variety of neurological disorders.
it typically addresses the issue of normality / abnormality of an individual's performance.
another clinical application of the neuropsychological assessment of declarative memory is the longitudinal evaluation of an individual's performance change.
this study was aimed at collecting data for measuring and interpreting performance change on a memory test for verbal material.
the subjects performed the recall test three times ( each time with a different list ) at least @number@ week apart.
the order of the lists was randomized across subjects.
results revealed that performance on the three lists was highly correlated and did not vary as a function of the order of presentation.
however , accuracy of recall was slightly better on a list compared to the others.
age estimation based on aspartic acid racemization ( aar ) has been applied successfully to various tissues.
for routine uses , aar is analyzed in dentine.
for cases in which teeth are unavailable , analyzing aar in purified elastin has been shown to be an alternative method.
the suitability of elastic cartilage from the epiglottis as an elastin source for age estimation based on aar was tested.
healthy neurons may also chronically acquire iron from the extracellular space as another principle mechanism for oxidative stress-mediated damage.
agefactdb ( @url@ is a database aimed at the collection and integration of ageing phenotype data including lifespan information.
any information related to the effects of ageing factors is called an observation and is presented on observation pages.
to provide concise access to the complete information for a particular ageing factor , corresponding observations are also summarized on ageing factor pages.
in addition , we have started to include new ageing-related information.
these homologues are considered as candidate or putative ageing-related genes.
ophthalmic surgery would a surgical practice with fewer complications compared to other types of surgery.
this is only true in part , because of the elderly population of reference.
it is stressed so the importance of a correct clinical diagnosis of the general patient for a better stratification of cardiovascular risk for ophthalmic surgery.
it must therefore avoid the most frequent sequelae , such as the icc , arrhythmias and hypertensive crises.
this results in an increased disease burden in the aged population , even with good immunisation programmes in place.
importance : the effect of obesity on late-age survival in women without disease or disability is unknown.
recruitment was from @number@ us clinical centers from @date@ through @date@ .
results : mean ( sd ) baseline age was @number@ ( @number@ ) years ( range , 66-81 years ) .
compared with healthy-weight women , underweight and obese women were more likely to die before @number@ years of age.
overweight and obese women had higher risks of incident disease and mobility disability.
disability risks were striking.
waist circumference greater than @number@ cm was also associated with higher risk of earlier death , incident disease , and mobility disability.
elderly are the most vulnerable population group owing to increased prevalence of chronic diseases and drug consumption.
several characteristics of aging and geriatrics medicine affect drug prescribing for elderly.
thus the selection of appropriate pharmacotherapy for elderly becomes a complex and challenging process.
association of these factors with metabolic changes predisposes the older people to suffer drug interactions and adverse drug events.
the objective of this article is to understand the concept , causes and measurement of medication errors in elderly.
various interventions to improve drug prescribing such as educational approaches , geriatric medicine services , computerised prescribing and multifaceted approaches have also been highlighted.
objective : our aim was to examine these lifestyle-cognitive function associations in middle-to-older aged women across time.
methods : cohort study design with repeat surveys ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) .
results : @number@ women completed cognitive testing in @number@ @number@ in @number@ and @number@ in @number@
psi was higher in women performing strenuous physical activity compared to inactive women ( β = @number@ @number@ @number@ ) .
of the three lifestyle parameters influenced the changes in cognition across time.
conclusions : alcohol and exercise were associated with selective protective effects and tobacco with selective harmful effects on cognitive function in middle-to-older aged women.
associations remained consistent across time.
background : translation of intensive exercise programs developed specifically for patients with dementia into clinical settings is lacking.
patients in the second ward were observed as a control group ( cg , n = @number@ ) .
all patients received usual care treatment.
primary endpoints were maximal lower extremity strength measured by a leg-press device and duration of the 5-chair-stand test for functional performance.
secondary outcomes included a number of parameters for strength and function.
results : the rehabilitation period averaged @number@ ± @number@ days.
secondary outcomes confirmed effects for strength and some , but not all , functional parameters.
interestingly , low baseline motor status , but not cognitive status , predicted positive training response.
conclusion : an intensive exercise program can be implemented in a geriatric rehabilitation setting to improve motor performances in patients with dementia.
bioenergetic failure is a feature of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we examined mitochondrial function in the amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic ' tgcrnd8 ' mouse model of ad.
complex i + iii activity was reduced by almost @percent@ , whereas complex iv , α-kgdh , and pdh activities were unaffected.
to determine whether mitochondrial output is affected by the selective reduction in complex i + iii activity , we examined tissue levels of high-energy phosphates.
atp was maintained whereas creatine increased in the cortex and hippocampus.
these results suggest disruption of complex i function and the likely role of creatine in sustaining atp at late stages of dysfunction in tgcrnd8 mice.
this suggests mechanisms of accelerated biological aging among the depressed , which can be indicated by a shorter length of telomeres.
data are from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety , including @number@ current mdd patients , @number@ remitted mdd patients and @number@ control subjects.
this resulted in a t / s ratio and was converted to base pairs ( bp ) .
mdd diagnosis and mdd characteristics were determined by self-report questionnaires and structured psychiatric interviews.
adjustment for health and lifestyle variables did not reduce the associations.
we also confirmed the imprint of past exposure to depression , as those with remitted mdd had shorter tl than controls.
klotho ( kl ) is an age-regulating protein named after the greek goddess who spins the thread of life.
the klvs polymorphism is suggested to lead to changes in protein trafficking although the mechanism is unclear.
our studies have sought to further investigate the functional differences in the klvs variant that result in increased risk of many age-related diseases.
our findings suggest that the f352v and c370s substitutions lead to alterations in processing as seen by differences in shedding and half-life.
taken together , these studies suggest that klvs leads to altered homodimerization that indirectly leads to changes in processing and fgfr1c interactions.
background : most laboratory-based studies on prospective memory show a decline with increasing age.
theoretical explanations for age differences focus on the allocation of attentional resources to support prospective remembering.
the recruitment of prospective memory target monitoring seems to be influenced by perceived task importance.
objective : in the present study , we investigated the influence of task importance on the magnitude of age differences in event-based prospective memory.
conclusions : the present data indicate that task importance is one of the factors determining the presence or absence of age deficits in prospective remembering.
the prospect of space travel continues to capture the imagination.
several competing companies are now promising flights for the general population.
previously , it was recognized that many of the physiological changes that occur with spaceflight are similar to those seen with normal ageing.
paradoxically , however , space travel has been recently shown to be beneficial to some aspects of muscle health in the tiny worm caenorhabditis elegans.
c. elegans is a commonly used laboratory animal for studying ageing.
c. elegans displays age-related decline of some biological processes observed in ageing humans , and about @percent@ of c. elegans ' genes have human homologs.
space flown worms were found to have decreased expression of a number of genes that increase lifespan when expressed at lower levels.
these changes were accompanied by decreased accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in ageing worms ' muscles.
both are aging-related disorders attributed to lewy bodies , abnormal protein aggregates or \ "clumps \ " found to cause cumulative neurodegeneration over time.
it was found that pitch perception was particularly impaired in older adults , and that it displayed the strongest correlation with prosodic emotion discrimination.
we conclude that an important cause of age-related impairment in prosodic emotion comprehension exists at the fundamental sensory level of processing.
for each problem , they were cued to execute a better versus a poorer strategy.
that is , poorer-strategy effects were smaller on current problems after using a poorer strategy on preceding problems than after using a better strategy.
our findings suggest that these sequential modulations may result from executive control mechanisms , the efficiency of which is known to decrease in older adults.
these findings have important implications regarding mechanisms underlying strategy execution and aging effects on strategic variations.
sarcopenia corresponds to the loss of muscle mass occurring during aging , and is associated with a loss of muscle functionality.
proteomic links the muscle functional changes with protein expression pattern.
to better understand the mechanisms involved in muscle aging , we performed a proteomic analysis of vastus lateralis muscle in mature and older women.
a label-free protein profiling was then conducted to quantify proteins and compare profiles from mature and older women.
this analysis showed that @number@ of the @number@ identified proteins were linked to aging in muscle.
most of the proteins were under-represented in older compared with mature women.
we built a functional interaction network linking the proteins differentially expressed between mature and older women.
this is the first time that label-free quantitative proteomics has been applied to study of aging mechanisms in human skeletal muscle.
this approach highlights new elements for elucidating the alterations observed during aging and may lead to novel sarcopenia biomarkers.
we investigated whether replenishing ezh2 could reverse the age-dependent increase of ink4a transcription.
in mice older than @number@ months , induction of ezh2 was unable to repress ink4a.
older mice had an enrichment of a trithorax group ( trxg ) protein complex at the ink4a locus.
this study provides potential therapeutic targets for expansion of adult β cell mass.
the elderly represent a large percentage of patients seen in departments of vascular surgery.
delirium is a frequent perioperative complication in this population and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality.
prevention of problems associated with mental confusion rests in identifying comorbidities , their severity , and the risk factors associated with delirium syndrome.
the aging of our population implies management of increasing numbers of older patients who often have concomitant pathologies and , consequently , polypharmacy.
optimization of their management rests on collaboration between surgeons , anesthetists , and geriatrists.
the transcription factor nrf2 serves as the master regulator of a highly coordinated antioxidant response in virtually all cell types.
moreover , the rpe of older mice demonstrated impaired induction of the protective nrf2 pathway following oxidative stress induced with sodium iodate.
objective : voice problems in the geriatric population are increasing worldwide.
study design : retrospective study.
subsequently , the difference between patients with presbylarynx and @number@ vocally healthy elderly subjects were assessed with multivariate analysis.
conclusion : in japan , elderly dysphonic patients were prevalent and rapidly increasing in recent years.
age- and gender-related differences should receive attention.
preventive approach on risk factors such as reflux laryngitis , chronic medical condition , and vocal abuse should be considered in the management of presbylarynx.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has a long preclinical phase in which amyloid and tau cerebral pathology accumulate without producing cognitive symptoms.
resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated that brain networks degrade during symptomatic ad.
it is unclear to what extent these degradations exist before symptomatic onset.
further , we assessed whether these graph metrics were affected in cognitively normal participants with cerebrospinal fluid evidence of preclinical ad.
clustering coefficient and modularity , but not path length , were reduced in ad.
only modularity was significantly affected by age.
we also demonstrate that ad has a particular effect on hub-like regions in the brain.
we conclude that ad causes large-scale disconnection that is present before onset of symptoms.
normal aging results in a predictable decrease in glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) , and low gfr is associated with worsened survival.
we analyzed the studies of left ventricular dysfunction limited data set ( n = @number@ ) .
the primary analysis focused on determining if the egfr-mortality relation differed by the extent to which the egfr was consistent with normal aging.
mean egfr was @number@ ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) ( sd = @number@ ) .
speech is unique among highly skilled human behaviors in its ease of acquisition by virtually all individuals who have normal hearing and cognitive ability.
vocal imitation is essential for acquiring speech , and it is an important element of social communication.
the extent to which age-related changes in cognitive and motor function affect the ability to imitate speech is poorly understood.
we analyzed the distributions of response times ( rt ) for repeating real words and pseudowords during fmri.
the average rt for older and younger participants was not different.
rt-dependent activity was observed in the bilateral posterior cingulate , supplementary motor area , and corpus callosum.
this approach provides unique insight into the mechanisms associated with changes in speech production with aging.
alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia diagnosed in the aging population worldwide.
the cause of alzheimer's is still not clear.
there is no cure for the disease and current treatments are only symptomatic relieve.
the search for new treatment is made ever more urgent due to increasing population aging.
in this chapter , we review recent development on the effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on alzheimer's disease.
the biochemical modulations by acupuncture in the brains of alzheimer's models are correlated with the cognitive improvement.
they then answered a series of questions that focused on memory details such as clothing , duration , weather , and so on.
few differences were found between positive and negative memories , which on average had @date@ details and dated to the age of @date@ @number@ years.
memory for details about activity , location , and who was present was good ; memory for all other details was poorer or at floor.
subjects were treated with a new non-ablative fractional q-switched @number@ , 064-nm nd : yag laser ( harmony xl , alma lasers ltd. ) .
treatments consisted of four sessions at 2-4 week intervals.
follow-up ( fu ) visits were @number@ and @number@ months following the final treatment.
pain assessment was reported between @number@ and @number@ in all treatments ( scale 0-10 ) .
of expected side effects , erythema was most common , occasionally being reported as high as a 2 ( scale 0-10 ) .
no unexpected adverse effects were reported.
background : cosmetic surgery and medicine are extremely interesting fields for a plastic surgeon.
lasers and lights determine ablation , contraction and regenerating stimulus in skin tissues.
the aim of this study is to examine the use of infrared lights in treating facial and body skin laxity.
the laser operates in wavelength from @number@ to @number@ nm.
the treated areas are : face , neck , eyebrows , abdomen , legs and buttocks.
results : we have noticed no systemic complications.
a case of a patient with a three days lasting erythema on both lower eyelids caused by laser therapy healed without any pharmacological therapy.
neither hyper- nor hypopigmentation of the skin was found.
conclusion : the use of infrared radiation represents a valid alternative to surgical lifting , but cannot replace it.
the infrared light technique used has turned out to be useful in contrasting skin laxity of the face and other parts of the body.
the absence of scars and surgical risk makes this technique useable for a large number of patients.
accelerated aging of the immune system ( immune aging ) , represented by telomere shortening , has been implicated in a variety of rheumatic diseases.
studies addressing telomere shortening in rheumatic diseases so far yielded controversial results.
the main question this review aims to answer is whether rheumatic diseases cause accelerated aging or that accelerated aging drives rheumatic diseases.
background : lifestyles such as unhealthy diets and the lack of physical activity have been contributed to the increased prevalence of obesity.
in @number@ the world health organization published the first global recommendation for physical activity and health.
people who do not meet at least @number@ minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are considered to be physically inactive.
the prevalence of physical inactivity worldwide is @percent@ , however there is insufficient data from prevalence and trends of physical inactivity in mexican population.
self-reported ipaq mvpa levels were adjusted using an equation derived from a previous validation study.
adults in the obese category , 60-69 age group , and those in the highest socioeconomic status tertile were more likely to be physically inactive.
background : heart failure is an important public health concern , particularly among persons > 65 years of age.
women and blacks are critically understudied populations that carry a sizeable portion of the heart failure burden.
objectives : this study investigated the association between orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) , supine hypertension ( sh ) , and cognitive performance.
methods : four thousand six hundred and ninety participants of the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) were studied.
cognitive performance tests assessed global function , executive function , processing speed , memory , and attention from which z-scores were computed.
multivariate adjusted analysis was performed comparing cognitive scores by oh status overall and in sh and non-sh groups separately.
this group had a higher prevalence of oh at all time-points , and scored lower in tests across all cognitive domains.
no overall association between oh and cognitive performance was seen.
there was also an indication toward lower cognition in all nonsignificant analyses.
oh was not associated with cognitive performance in non-sh subjects.
conclusions : the accuracy of the three anthropometric indexes is dependent on the choice of the reference method.
the variability of the fm estimates was large and these indexes cannot be recommended for the assessment of fm in older subjects.
the generation of gametes falls between two reprogramming phases.
these phases are characterised by profound periods of transcriptional activity , which define and reinforce lineage decisions.
the control of these transcriptional programs and the interpretation of the underlying genetic instruction is the task of the epigenome.
this review details some of these processes and the activities essential to achieve the immortality of the mammalian germ line.
the extent to which individual younger adults suppressed competitors predicted their performance on a memory span task.
sirtuins are nad ( + ) dependent deacylases enzymes.
there are seven mammalian sirtuins , sirt1-sirt7 , which are localized to different cellular compartments and are capable of diverse catalytic activities.
sirt6 is a key regulator of healthy ageing.
in the past decade our understanding of sirt6 significantly increased in many different aspects.
we know its cellular localization , catalytic activities , substrates and the pathways it is involved in.
this review discusses the recent discoveries regarding the sirt6 enzyme.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β / δ ( pparβ / δ ) inhibits skin tumorigenesis through mechanisms that may be dependent on hras signaling.
the present study examined the hypothesis that pparβ / δ promotes hras-induced senescence resulting in suppression of tumorigenesis.
pparβ / δ expression increased p-erk and decreased p-akt activity.
decreased p-akt activity results from repression of integrin-linked kinase ( ilk ) and protein kinase-1 ( pdpk1 ) expression.
decreased p-akt activity in turn promotes cellular senescence through upregulation of p53 and p27 expression.
both over-expression of rasgrp1 and shrna-mediated knockdown of ilk partially restore cellular senescence in pparβ / δ-null cells.
higher pparβ / δ expression is also correlated with increased senescence observed in human benign neurofibromas and colon adenoma lesions in vivo.
these results demonstrate that pparβ / δ promotes senescence to inhibit tumorigenesis and provide new mechanistic insights into hras-induced cellular senescence.
can cognitive abilities such as reasoning be improved through working memory training ?
this question is still highly controversial , with prior studies providing contradictory findings.
the lack of theory-driven , systematic approaches and ( occasionally serious ) methodological shortcomings complicates this debate even more.
we then highlight multiple factors that could influence these mechanisms of transfer and thus the success of training interventions.
interindividual variability of telomere length may partly explain differences in reproductive aging rates.
we examined whether leukocyte telomere length was associated with menopausal age.
methods : we evaluated the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and age at natural menopause in @number@ white women ≥65 years of age.
we fit linear regression models adjusted for age , income , education , body mass index , physical activity , smoking , and alcohol intake.
we repeated the analysis in women with surgical menopause.
there was no association among @number@ women reporting surgical menopause.
in all but one sensitivity analysis , the association between leukocyte telomere length and age at menopause became stronger.
however , when excluding women with menopausal age < 40 years , the association decreased to @number@ months ( @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : women with the longest leukocyte telomere length underwent menopause @number@ years later than those with the shortest leukocyte telomere length.
if an artifact , an association would likely also have been observed in women with surgical menopause.
if these results are replicated , leukocyte telomere length may prove to be a useful predictor of age at menopause.
the mir-17 / 92 cluster is among the best-studied microrna clusters.
studies designed to further delineate whether training-induced changes in cognitive function could contribute to dual-task gait improvements and falls reduction , remain to be conducted.
background : offspring of long-lived individuals have lower risk for dementia.
we examined the relation between parental longevity and cognition and subclinical markers of brain ageing in community-dwelling adult offspring.
parental longevity was defined as having at least one parent survive to age ≥85 years.
results : of @number@ offspring ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had ≥1 parent achieve longevity.
the association with white matter hyperintensity was no longer significant in models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and disease.
the associations persisted in fully adjusted models.
conclusion : parental longevity is associated with better brain ageing in middle-aged offspring.
background : frailty is an important geriatric syndrome linked to increased mortality , morbidity and falls risk.
methods : a total of @number@ community-dwelling older adults were assessed using fried's frailty phenotype and the timed up and go ( tug ) test.
tests were quantified using shank-mounted inertial sensors.
we report a regression-based method for assessment of frailty using inertial sensor data obtained during tug.
for comparison , frailty was also assessed using the same method based on grip strength and manual tug time.
results : using inertial sensor data , participants were classified as frail or non-frail with mean accuracy of @percent@ ( stratified by gender ) .
using tug time alone , frailty status was classified correctly with mean classification accuracy of @percent@.
similarly , using grip strength alone , the frailty status was classified correctly with mean classification accuracy of @percent@.
stratifying sensor data by gender yielded significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased accuracy in classifying frailty when compared with equivalent manual tug time-based models.
harnessing the beneficial properties of microglia cells by modulating their polarization states provides great potential for the treatment of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
however , the epigenetic mechanism that regulates microglia polarization remains elusive.
here , we reported that histone h3k27me3 demethylase jumonji domain containing @number@ ( jmjd3 ) was essential for m2 microglia polarization.
suppression of jmjd3 in n9 microglia inhibited m2 polarization and simultaneously exaggerated m1 microglial inflammatory responses , which led to extensive neuron death in vitro.
the clock drawing test ( cdt ) is a cognitive screening tool used in clinical and research settings.
despite its role on the assessment of global cognitive functioning , the specific cognitive components required for test performance are still unclear.
we aim to assess the role of executive functioning , global cognitive status , visuospatial abilities , and semantic knowledge on shulman's cdt performance.
an ordinal regression assessed specific neuropsychological influences on cdt performance.
all the cognitive variables were related to the cdt , accounting for @percent@ of variance.
the strongest association was between the cdt and executive functions , followed by global cognitive status , visuospatial processing , and semantic knowledge.
our result confirms the multidimensional nature of the test and the major role of executive functions on performance.
sensorimotor deficits due to aging might alter postural responses to visual manipulation , especially in more demanding tasks.
however , in today's obesogenic environment , this fine-tuned immunometabolic interface is perturbed.
this review will thus summarize recent progress in this emerging area of metabolic research.
objectives : there are few methods to discern driving risks in patients with early dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
results : mild atrophy of the left hippocampus was associated with less-than-optimal ratings in lane control but not with other discrete driving skills.
conclusion : these findings suggest that there may be a link between hippocampal atrophy and difficulties with lane control in persons with amnestic mci.
this study compares formal and informal caregivers ' perceptions of delusions and hallucinations in older persons with dementia ( pwds ) .
the study population consisted of @number@ community-dwelling pwds aged @number@ and older , @number@ formal caregivers , and @number@ informal caregivers residing in israel.
informal caregivers reported higher rates and a higher level of severity of delusions and hallucinations than formal caregivers.
different caregivers showed varying degrees of emotional involvement , empathy , and efforts to find the meaning of the delusion for the person experiencing it.
family members and staff members may see different parts of the total picture.
cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a previously undiagnosed side-effect of ranibizumab.
here , we present a case of an 82-year-old female caucasian patient with wet age-related macular degeneration.
corneal indentation pulse was measured with a noninvasive ultrasonic distance sensor.
simultaneously , bpl and ecg were acquired with a pulse oximeter placed on the earlobe and eindhoven triangle setup , respectively.
results : twenty-nine out of @number@ older subjects showed evidence of a double peak-shaped cip waveform that could be interpreted as ocular pulse dicrotism.
of the young subjects exhibited this phenomenon.
conclusions : using noninvasive corneal indentation pulse measurement revealed , for the first time , an ocular pulse dicrotism.
this might be a natural sign of aging or an early indication of hemodynamic aspects of cardiovascular diseases.
methods : forty normal volunteers with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years were recruited for this study.
noninvasive tear film breakup time was measured using a new method based on a corneal topographer equipped with a modified scan software.
the correlations between the ni-but , age , and gender were determined.
in addition , no significant correlation was detected between the ni-but and age ( @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the ni-but values found in this study are much lower than those of previous reports.
our results show no significant differences in tear film stability with age.
the tear physiology of the chinese population may not be the same as in western populations.
this was tested in the context of semantic relations between task-relevant word pairs , a task-irrelevant picture and the resultant n400 differences in erp.
younger and older adults were shown a context word superimposed on a to-be-ignored picture , followed by a test word.
their task was to determine whether the prime and test words were semantically related.
the data are discussed in terms of age differences in resource demanding strategy use during a semantic word matching task , specifically during controlled retrieval.
this study examined the relationship between race and advance care planning , hospitalization , and death among nursing home residents receiving hospice care.
as nursing homes become more diverse , recognizing differences in hospice use and end-of-life planning will continue to increase in importance.
the joint kinematics , the stress distribution and resultant force of the acl were obtained under a tibial varus or valgus torque load.
the maximal stress value in the acl had also altered while the stress distribution did not varied obviously.
research on falls in elderly people has a great social significance because of the rapidly growing of the aging population.
the pre-impact lead time of fall ( plt ) is an important part of the human fall theory.
however , there is no clear definition of plt so far.
there is also no comparative study for active and passive falls.
in this study , we proposed a theoretical definition of the plt , based on a new method of fall event division.
we also compared the differences of plt and the related angles between active and passive falls.
nine inertial sensor modules were used to measure the body segmental kinematic characteristics of each subject in our experimental activities.
two fall models were developed for active and passive falls using acceleration data.
the longest plts were measured on the chest or waist instead of other locations , such as the thigh and shank.
the plts of the three kinds of fall activities were slightly different , but there was a significant difference between two fall modes.
the plt showed the correlation to the body angle at the start of plt , but it was uncorrelated at the end of plt.
the aging-suppressor gene klotho encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein that is predominantly secreted by the choroid plexus of the brain and in the kidney.
klotho-deficient mice develop multiple aging phenotypes , including impaired cognition.
klotho concentrations have not been described in the csf of humans.
we measured klotho in the csf of @number@ older adults with alzheimer's disease and in @number@ older and @number@ younger adults with normal cognition.
in @number@ adults , aged 38-87 years , csf klotho measurements were made at baseline and every 6h up to 18-30 h later.
mean ( @percent@ confidence interval [ c.i. ] )
mean ( @percent@ c.i. )
in the longitudinal study of csf klotho , no significant circadian fluctuations were found in csf klotho levels.
this study suggests that csf klotho concentrations are lower in females compared with males , in alzheimer's disease , and in older versus younger adults.
total brain volume ( bv ) and the volumes of brain substructures are influenced by genes , the magnitude of which changes with age.
one approach to the examination of genetic influences on the volumes of brain structures is to determine their heritability using twin and family studies.
we reviewed published cross-sectional studies which examined heritability in healthy subjects at different ages.
we identified @number@ studies , which examined a total of @number@ brain volumetric measures.
the findings of our review showed that bvs are under significant genetic influence at all ages , although different brain regions showed different heritability levels.
stem cell renewal and proliferation is strongly regulated during aging of the organism.
caloric restriction is the most powerful anti-aging strategy conserved throughout evolution in the animal kingdom.
however this general paradigm presents with exceptions.
background : the proportion of european elderly is expected to increase to @percent@ in @number@
combining dietary components may modulate many processes involved in ageing.
so , it is likely that a healthful diet approach might have greater favourable impact on age-related decline than individual dietary components.
this paper describes the design of a healthful diet intervention on inflammageing and its consequences in the elderly.
methods : the nu-age study is a parallel randomized one-year trial in @number@ apparently healthy , independently living european participants aged 65-80 years.
participants are randomised into either the diet group or control group.
participants in the diet group received dietary advice aimed at meeting the nutritional requirements of the ageing population.
c-reactive protein is measured as primary outcome.
results of this intervention will provide evidence on the effect of a healthful diet on the prevention of age related decline.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of vision loss in those over the age of @number@ years in the developed countries.
the number is expected to increase by ∼1.5 fold over the next ten years due to an increase in aging population.
current dry amd treatments cannot cure or reverse vision loss.
thus identification of people with early stage amd is important to design and implement preventative strategies for late amd , and determine their cost-effectiveness.
in this review , we discuss different imaging modalities that are currently being considered or used for screening amd.
we also review the existing telemedicine studies which include diagnosis and management of amd , and how automated disease grading could benefit telemedicine.
diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ( dwmri ) is used to study white matter ( wm ) in normal and clinical populations.
however , more general anisotropy models like q-ball imaging ( qbi ) may provide more sensitive wm descriptors in single patients.
dwmri was performed in @number@ als patients and @number@ age and sex-matched healthy controls.
homologue dti-derived fa maps were only partially overlapping with gfa maps.
the present findings demonstrate that qbi model is suitable for studying wm tract degeneration in population-level clinical studies.
psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of about @percent@ in the caucasian population.
tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis , but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood.
sirtuins are protein deacetylases regulating aging processes and various physiological functions.
the mechanism of sirtuin modulation by resveratrol is not well understood.
we used ( 5- ( 2- ( 4-hydroxyphenyl ) vinyl ) -1 , 3-benzenediol ) to study sirt1 and sirt3 modulation.
despite its similarity to the sirt1 activator resveratrol , the compound potently inhibited both , sirt1 and sirt3.
method : the sydney memory and aging study invited participants randomly from the electoral roll in defined geographic areas in sydney.
demographic and cognitive variables were harmonized , and similar diagnostic criteria were applied to both samples retrospectively.
sampling bias should be considered when interpreting findings.
objective : white matter lesions ( wmls ) are associated with depressive symptoms in older adults.
however , it is not clear whether different symptom dimensions of depression have distinct associations with wmls.
at each visit , depressive symptoms were measured with the ces-d and wml volumes were quantified from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans.
higher depressed mood and somatic symptoms subscale scores were associated with greater increases in wml volume over time at older ages.
in men , depressed mood and somatic symptoms were associated with larger wml volume at baseline.
age and sex may moderate the relationships between depressive symptoms and wmls.
understanding particular symptom dimensions of depressive symptoms has implications for treatment and may lead to targeted interventions and more precise knowledge of mechanisms underlying depression.
this study examines longitudinal changes in symptom remission rates and predictors of remission.
data on @number@ follow-up interviews are presented.
a modified version of the remission in schizophrenia working group criteria was used for determining remission status.
baseline remission status predicted having more total contacts at follow-up.
conclusion : older adulthood is not necessarily a quiescent period , and there is considerable fluctuation in remission status.
two social variables-community integration and entitlements-predicted remission on follow-up , thus suggesting social interventions may be especially useful strategies for this population.
although the neurodevelopment of empathy from childhood to adolescence has been documented , no study has yet examined it across a life span aging perspective.
older adults reported less dispositional emotional empathy as assessed by the interpersonal reactivity index , and their unpleasantness ratings were more sensitive to intentional harm.
dynamic causal modeling demonstrated that their effective connectivity remained stable.
the pattern of hemodynamic response was not related to regional gray matter volume loss.
these findings suggest that the neural response associated with emotional empathy lessened with age , whereas the response to perceived agency is preserved.
synaptic damage is a critical hallmark of alzheimer's disease , and the best correlate with cognitive impairment ante mortem.
synapses , the loci of communication between neurons , are characterized by signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites.
we used normal control and amnestic mci subjects from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative @number@ ( adni-1 ) as normative reference and screening cohorts.
we modeled the implications for sample size , screen fail rates , and trial cost and duration.
patients with more severe physical disability and a more rapid rate of disease progression had increased sensorimotor connectivity values.
the increased functional connectivity within the frontal network was associated with executive dysfunction.
in addition , higher functional connectivity correlated with greater structural damage to network-specific white matter tracts.
this study shows clinically meaningful increased resting state functional connectivity in pls.
we propose that this observation is not confined to memory but can be subsumed under a more general developmental trend.
this age-graded shift from internal towards environmental control is often associated with compromised performance.
cognitive aging research and the design of aging-friendly environments can benefit from paying closer attention to the developmental dynamics and implications of this shift.
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disorder in developed countries.
its pathogenesis is poorly understood , and therapeutic options are limited.
sirt7-deficient mice develop chronic hepatosteatosis resembling human fatty liver disease.
myc inactivation or pharmacological suppression of er stress alleviates fatty liver caused by sirt7 deficiency.
importantly , sirt7 suppresses er stress and reverts the fatty liver disease in diet-induced obese mice.
study design and setting : we illustrate and quantify the expected bias using cancer registry data from the united states.
nevertheless , overestimation of 5- and 10-year cumulative numbers of expected crc deaths is still as high as 60-70% and 20-30% , respectively.
substantial bias even persists if the initial years of follow-up are excluded from the analyses.
conclusion : careful restriction of expected crc deaths by an incidence-based mortality approach is indispensable for deriving valid screening effect estimates.
longevity is a very complex phenomenon , because many environmental , behavioral , socio-demographic and dietary factors influence the physiological pathways of aging and life-expectancy.
the diet and several of its components have additionally been shown to have beneficial effects on the co-morbidities typical of elderly populations.
objectives : vitamin k plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of matrix gla protein ( mgp ) , a calcification inhibitor in vascular tissue.
vascular calcification has become an important predictor of cardiovascular disease.
multivariate cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the data.
main outcome measures : incidence of cvd.
results : after a mean follow-up of @number@.6±1.2 year , we identified @number@ incident cases of cvd.
plasma dp-cmgp was not associated with the risk of cvd.
before amyloid formation , peptides cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) exist as soluble oligomers.
these are extremely neurotoxic.
their concentration is strongly correlated with synaptic impairment in animals and parallel cognitive decline in animals and humans.
clinical trials have largely been aimed at removing insoluble beta amyloid in senile plaques and have not reduced soluble load.
even treatment that should remove soluble oligomers has not consistently reduced the load.
failure to significantly improve cognition has frequently been attributed to failure of the amyloid hypothesis or to irreversible alteration in the brain.
instead , trial failures may be because of failure to significantly reduce load of toxic aβ oligomers.
thus , treatments may fail unless trials target simultaneously all @number@ points in the equation- \ "triple therapy \ ".
cerebrospinal fluid analysis and other monitoring tools may in the future provide reliable measurement of soluble load.
but currently , only analysis of autopsied brains can provide this data and thus enable proper evaluation and explanation of the outcome of clinical trials.
background : parental longevity confers lower risks for some age-related diseases in offspring.
we tested the association between parental longevity and late-life cognitive decline or dementia.
methods : data were from the health and retirement study ( hrs ) , a us national sample.
offspring were categorized into parental longevity groups based on gender-specific distributional cut points.
model covariates included race , respondents ' education , and income status during childhood and adulthood.
results : offspring groups did not differ on tics-m scores at baseline.
increased parental longevity was also associated with lower risk of physician-diagnosed memory disorder.
estimates did not change after controlling for environmental variables.
conclusions : parental longevity is associated inversely with cognitive decline and self-reported diagnosed memory disorders in aging offspring.
parental longevity may be a valuable trait for identifying early biomarkers for resistance to cognitive decline in aging.
background : in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , some patients present with cognitive impairment other than episodic memory disturbances.
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) was rated visually for the presence of mta and pa.
two-way analyses of variance were performed with mta and pa as independent variables , and cognitive domains as dependent variables.
gender , age , and education were covariates.
conclusions : regional atrophy is related to impairment in specific cognitive domains in ad.
spinal muscular atrophy results from diminished levels of survival motor neuron ( smn ) protein in spinal motor neurons.
here , we demonstrate that smn protein is significantly reduced in the spinal cords of patients with sporadic als.
to test the potential of smn as a modifier of als , we overexpressed smn in @number@ different strains of sod1 ( g93a ) mice.
neuronal overexpression of smn significantly preserved locomotor function , rescued motor neurons , and attenuated astrogliosis in spinal cords of sod1 ( g93a ) mice.
despite this , survival was not prolonged , most likely resulting from smn mislocalization and depletion of gems in motor neurons of symptomatic mice.
our results reveal that smn upregulation slows locomotor deficit onset and motor neuron loss in this mouse model of als.
studies in emerging mouse models of als are therefore warranted to further explore the potential of smn as a modifier of als.
the proportion of children potentially deficient in essential elements or poisoned by toxic elements was evaluated.
the aging effects on the concentration of these elements were also investigated.
of these children was deficient in essential elements.
except b-cd , all toxic elements showed exceeded blood levels.
neuropeptides are widely distributed in brain regions responsible for learning and memory processes with special emphasis on the hippocampus , amygdala and the basal forebrain.
they form networks with each other , and also have complex interactions with the cholinergic , glutamatergic , dopaminergic and gaba-ergic pathways.
furthermore , the main receptorial targets , mechanisms and interactions are described in order to highlight the possible therapeutical potentials.
agents not only symptomatically improving the functional impairments , but also inhibiting the progression of the neurodegenerative processes would be breakthroughs in this area.
central command and peripheral neural reflex are important neural control mechanisms underlying ventilatory response during exercise.
passive leg movement has been used to exclude the influence of central command due to the lack of voluntary activation of muscles.
methods : eight young subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and seven older subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in this study.
subjects spent @number@ minutes in a quiet standing ( qs ) position.
thereafter , they performed 14-minute rhythmic pwm at @number@ hz and this was followed by @number@ minutes of qs.
results : v · e values during pre-pwm qs were calculated as 1-minute averages using data obtained between @number@ and @number@ minutes.
conclusions : ventilatory response during and after pwm is higher in older individuals than in young individuals.
this may be associated with a mechanism ( s ) other than central command.
our findings may explain part of the higher v · e response while walking in older individuals.
exercise is universally recognized as a key feature for maintaining good health.
biking and running are frequently recommended as forms of exercise.
as more individuals participate in running-related and cycling-related activities , physicians must be increasingly aware of the common injuries encountered in these pursuits.
this review focuses on the evaluation and management of common running-related and cycling-related injuries.
background : upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has been performed after fasting @number@ or more hours , which can be harmful to the patients.
we assessed comfort , safety and quality of endoscopy under moderate sedation after @number@ hours fasting for clear liquids.
endoscopists blinded to patients fasting status carried out the endoscopies.
comfort was rated by the patients , whereas safety and quality were determined by the endoscopists.
there was no case of pulmonary aspiration.
gastric mucosal visibility was normal in most patients either in f2 or f8 ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : elective upper gi endoscopy after @number@ hours fasting for clear liquids was more comfortable and equally safe compared to conventional fasting.
this preparation might be cautiously applied for patients in regular clinical conditions referred for elective endoscopy.
trial registration : sammpris clinicaltrial.gov number , nct01492296.
it is a captivating era to be working in neurology as recent years have engendered fascinating developments.
to illustrate , we have put together a special edition dedicated to metal-related neurological disease.
in recent years , neurogenetic workup has provided valuable insights with numerous genes characterized and yet more new genes on the threshold.
improved imaging techniques with higher resolution and new sequences with increased sensitivity to certain tissues lead to correlations.
all these findings shed light on the complexity of metal-related diseases.
however , their broader pathophysiology remains ill-understood.
improved scientific understanding will in the future hopefully provide the basis for the development of specific and even curative therapies for our patients.
background and aims : the houston intra-arterial therapy score predicts poor functional outcome following endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke based on clinical variables.
the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the stanford age and diffusion-weighted imaging score was 0·82 in the derivation dataset.
reperfusion , but not the interactions between the prediction scores and reperfusion , were predictors of outcome ( p > 0·5 ) .
however , these scores do not predict the clinical response to reperfusion.
this limits their utility as tools to select patients for acute stroke interventions.
objective : to examine differences in treatment decision-making participation , satisfaction , and regret among latinas and non-latina whites with dcis.
methods : survey of latina and non-latina white women diagnosed with dcis.
we assessed women's preferences for involvement in decision-making , primary treatment decision maker , and participatory decision-making.
we examined primary outcomes of satisfaction with treatment decision-making and treatment regret by ethnic-language group.
practice implications : use of professional interpreters may address communication-related disparities for these women.
however , interstrand crosslinks ( icls ) , which preclude dna unwinding , are considered absolute blocks to replication.
current models suggest that fork collisions , either from one or both sides of an icl , initiate repair processes required for resumption of replication.
to test these proposals , we developed a single-molecule technique for visualizing encounters of replication forks with icls as they occur in living cells.
surprisingly , the most frequent patterns were consistent with replication traverse of an icl , without lesion repair.
the traverse frequency was strongly reduced by inactivation of the translocase and dna binding activities of the fancm / mhf complex.
the results indicate that translocase-based mechanisms enable dna synthesis to continue past icls and that these lesions are not always absolute blocks to replication.
this field creates a myriad of opportunities for improving the health and life of humans.
unchecked chronic inflammation , oxidative stress , and free-radical damage causes proportionate aging and other related diseases / disorders.
accordingly , the use of antioxidant nanoparticles / nanomaterials is burgeoning in biomedical , pharmaceutical , cosmetic , food and nutrition fields.
objectives : patients with serious mental illness are living longer.
yet , there remain few studies that focus on healthcare utilization and its relationship with comorbidities in these elderly mentally ill patients.
design : comparative study.
information on demographics , comorbidities , and healthcare utilization was taken from an electronic medical record system.
setting : wishard health services senior care and community mental health clinics.
hypertension was lower in the mentally ill group ( p < 0.0001 ) .
the differences in healthcare utilization between the groups remained significant after adjusting for comorbidity levels , lifestyle factors , and attending primary care.
delirium is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dysregulation of neuronal activity secondary to systemic disturbances.
over time , a number of theories have been proposed in an attempt to explain the processes leading to the development of delirium.
this article represents a review of published literature and summarizes the top seven proposed theories and their interrelation.
most of these theories are complementary , rather than competing , with many areas of intersection and reciprocal influence.
crude and multiple logistic regression-derived adjusted odds ratios were used as indicators of the associations between bc and the variables under study.
conclusions : this study discusses the major risk factors for bc in puerto rico ( pr ) .
because many of these findings represent modifiable risk factors , they can translate into public health initiatives to lower bc risk.
in addition , the possibility of using drc as a simple screening tool for bc risk is explored.
wines aged in oak were the best valuated during all aging time , but the differences were not always significant.
background : with an aging society and raised expectations , joint replacement surgery is likely to increase significantly in the future.
platelet counts and d-dimer concentrations were measured to assess any changes to coagulation function.
c-reactive protein ( crp ) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( esr ) were measured as markers of non-specific inflammation.
evidence of increased inflammation was demonstrated by an increase in crp and esr ( p ≤ @number@ thr and tkr ) .
of the patients developed postoperative infections.
the current study investigated age differences in the use of attentional deployment , positive reappraisal and suppression while regulating responses to sadness-eliciting content.
we also tested to what extent these emotion regulation strategies were useful for each age group in managing response to age-relevant sad information.
results suggest that older adults were more successful than younger adults at implementing both attentional deployment and positive reappraisal.
ability to suppress emotions appears to remain stable with age.
age-relevant differences in motivation and successful emotion regulatory efforts based on theoretical and empirical literatures are discussed.
there are increasing data indicating profound ethnic differences in the levels of virilization of males.
contents : in the developed world , most of the present population will spend roughly half their lives as presbyopes.
a general outline is given of possible corrective methods.
methods which satisfy the needs of a @number@ year-old may not be suitable for the @number@ year-old.
some more recent methods of spectacle and contact lens correction are described in more detail.
contact lens corrections show less progress and are still preferred only by a minority of older patients , most of whom are early presbyopes.
it remains to be seen whether the latter will receive wide acceptance in practice.
conclusion : almost one-third of the adults aged ≥ @number@ years attending primary care centers with subjective cognitive complaints were affected by mild cognitive impairment.
early evaluation of cognitive functioning is essential to establish adequate preventive and intervention strategies.
the mep adduct is considered a sign of \ "aging \ " and results in loss of the o-alkyl identifier specific to each nerve agent.
after aging has occurred , common therapeutics such as oximes cannot reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme and relieve cholinergic inhibition.
until now , a direct , quantitative method for determination of the mep adduct to bche was unavailable.
ions were detected in selected reaction monitoring ( srm ) mode , and transition m / z @number@ → @number@ was used for quantitation.
interday %rsd was ≤7.13% , @percent@ , and @percent@.
recovery of mep-p from serum was ≥68% across the validated concentration range , and contributions from matrix effects were minimal.
human cognitive processing limits can lead to difficulties in performing two tasks simultaneously.
this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive load on both simple and complex postural tasks.
then , the same tests were performed on a foam support.
sway path traveled and area covered by the center of foot pressure were recorded , low values indicating efficient balance.
on firm support , sway path was higher in mcc than in cc both in eo and ec conditions ( p < @number@ ) .
awareness may not be increased and the attentional demand may be shared between balance and mental task.
conversely , cognitive load does not perturb the realization of a new complex postural task.
this result showed that postural control is prioritized ( \ "postural first \ " principle ) when seriously challenged.
background : mixed findings in biobehavioral research on heart disease may partly be attributed to age-related differences in the prognostic value of psychological distress.
end points were all-cause mortality and cardiac death after a median follow-up of @number@ years.
cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) , but not type d personality , was associated with increased mortality in older patients.
conclusion : type d personality was independently associated with all-cause and cardiac mortality in younger icd patients but not in older patients.
cardiovascular research needs to further explore age-related differences in psychosocial risk.
however , the mechanism of its contribution remains to be established.
background : breast fibroglandular ( dense ) tissue is a risk factor for breast cancer.
beyond breast cancer , little is known regarding the prognostic significance of mammographic features.
dense area and total breast area were assessed using planimeter measurements from screening mammograms.
percent density reflects dense area relative to breast area and nondense area was calculated as the difference between total breast area and dense area.
hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) were estimated by cox proportional hazards regression.
methods : a retrospective study of @number@ queensland hiv-infected males on cart was conducted.
the negative impact of ageing was also assessed by the prevalence of comorbidities.
associations between comorbidity and estimates of predicted mortality by regression analysis were assessed.
comorbidities were also more prevalent in this cohort compared with rates of comorbidities in age-matched australian men from the general population.
metabolic disease ( @percent@ ) was the most prevalent comorbidity followed by renal ( @percent@ ) and cardiovascular disease ( @percent@ ) .
however , until the vacs index is validated in australia this data may suggest the vacs index overestimates predicted mortality risk in this country.
background : the epidemiology of cough in the elderly population has not been studied comprehensively.
the present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of cough in a community elderly population , particularly in relation with their comorbidity.
three types of cough ( frequent cough , chronic persistent cough , and nocturnal cough ) were defined using questionnaires.
comorbidity was examined using a structured questionnaire.
health-related quality of life was assessed using the short form @number@ questionnaire.
results : the prevalence was @percent@ for frequent cough , @percent@ for chronic persistent cough , and @percent@ for nocturnal cough.
in multivariate logistic regression analyses , smoking , asthma and allergic rhinitis were found to be risk factors for cough in the elderly.
interestingly , among comorbidities , constipation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus ( hba1c ≥ @percent@ ) were also found to have positive associations with elderly cough.
in the short form @number@ scores , chronic persistent cough was independently related to impairment of quality of life , predominantly in the mental component.
conclusions : cough has a high prevalence and is detrimental to quality of life in the elderly.
associations with smoking , asthma and rhinitis confirmed previous findings in younger populations.
previously unrecognised relationships with constipation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus suggested the multi-faceted nature of cough in the elderly.
research design : patients were individually randomized into intervention ( n = @number@ ) and usual care group ( n = @number@ ) .
the primary outcome was change in hba1c-concentration after @number@ and @number@ months.
secondary outcomes were lipid levels , blood pressure , health-related quality of life and symptoms of depression.
follow-up-measurements were carried out after @number@ @number@ and @number@ months to assess potential immediate and maintained effects of the intervention.
continuous efforts might be needed to sustain improvements in patient outcomes.
trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov nct00742547.
indeed , it is well documented that in vitro expansion reduces replicative potential and some multi-potency and promotes cell senescence.
the primary objective of this paper was to assess the safety of cultured ascs.
the maintenance of genetic integrity was evaluated during in vitro culture by karyotype and microsatellite instability analysis.
in addition , rt-pcr array-based evaluation of the expression of genes related to dna damage signaling pathways was performed.
in all strains of generated mdtg ; neu mice , tumor development was significantly delayed with decreased tumor weight.
tumors from mdtg ; neu mice expressed flag-dmp1α and ki-67 in a mutually exclusive fashion indicating that transgenic dmp1α prevented tumor growth in vivo.
our data demonstrate critical roles of dmp1 in preventing mammary tumorigenesis and raise the possibility of treating breast cancer by restoring dmp1α expression.
skeletal muscle energy metabolism has been a research focus of physiologists for more than a century.
yet , how the use of intramuscular carbohydrate and lipid energy stores are coordinated during different types of exercise remains a subject of debate.
controversy arises from contradicting data from numerous studies , which used different methodological approaches.
for optimal preservation of muscle energy stores , air drying cryosections or cycles of freezing-thawing need to be avoided.
in order to increase the specificity of glycogen stain , an antibody against glycogen is used.
type @date@ fibers have similar lipid content than iia.
participants completed batteries of tasks that measured three components of ef : updating working memory ( uwm ) , inhibition , and shifting.
in sum , during middle childhood , putative measures of uwm , inhibition , and shifting may rely on similar underlying cognitive processes.
importantly , our findings suggest that developmental dissociations in these three ef components do not emerge until children transition into adolescence.
these findings provided empirical evidence for the development of ef structure which progressed from unity to diversity during middle childhood and adolescence.
sit-to-stand is a fundamental activity of daily living , which becomes increasingly difficult with advancing age.
due to severe loss of leg strength old adults are required to change the way they rise from a chair and maintain stability.
we applied the uncontrolled manifold analysis to decompose trial-to-trial variability in joint kinematics into variability that stabilizes and destabilizes task-important performance variables.
comparing the amount of variability stabilizing and destabilizing task-important variables enabled us to identify the variable of primary importance for the task.
we measured maximal isometric voluntary force of three muscle groups in the right leg.
independent of age and muscle strength , old and young adults similarly prioritized stability of the ground reaction force vector during sit-to-stand.
old compared to young adults employed greater motor flexibility , stabilizing ground reaction forces during sit-to-sand.
we observed that gxe gwas for the environmental factor contributing a significant gxe variance yielded more significant snps than the control factor.
for each trait , we selected all significant snps produced from gxe gwas , and conducted anew the gcta to estimate the variance they contributed.
we noted the variance contributed by these snps is higher than that of the control.
in conclusion , we utilized a novel method that demonstrates the importance of genome-wide gxe interactions in explaining the variance of diabetes-related traits.
defective lros are associated with human immune disorders and neurological disease.
caenorhabditis elegans lros are the site of concentration of vital dyes such as nile red as well as age-associated autofluorescence.
we identified a genetic pathway that modulates aging-related lro phenotypes via serotonin signaling and the gene kat-1 , which encodes a mitochondrial ketothiolase.
using a systems approach , we further analyzed the role of @number@ genes in lro biology.
these results highlight a gene network that modulates lro biology in a manner dependent upon the conserved protein kinase tor complex @number@
the results implicate new genetic pathways involved in lro biology , aging related physiology , and potentially human diseases of the lro.
there are an estimated @number@ million people with dementia across the world , of whom @percent@ experience regular pain.
despite this , current assessment and treatment of pain in this patient group are inadequate.
pain also contributes to further complications in treatment and care.
this review explores four key perspectives of pain management in dementia and makes recommendations for practice and research.
the second perspective considers the assessment of pain in dementia.
a number of tools are available but the psychometric quality and clinical utility of these are uncertain.
the evidence for efficient treatment ( the third perspective ) with analgesics is also limited , with few statistically well-powered trials.
to address the current inadequate management of pain in dementia , a comprehensive approach is needed.
methods : this prospective cohort study included @number@ community-dwelling memory clinic patients with dementia , mild cognitive impairment , or no cognitive impairment.
results : one hundred and nine subjects ( @percent@ ) carried apo e ε4 and @number@ ( @percent@ ) carried apo e ε2.
the variables most affected by ε4 were the delirium index and mini-mental state examination.
instrumental activities of daily living score and residence were unrelated to apo e ε4 or ε2.
conclusion : apo e ε4 positivity predicted four cognitive scores measured every @number@ months over @number@ months.
apo e ε2 scores predicted none of @number@ comparisons.
objective : to estimate the value of the different thromboelastogram indices for predicting hemorrhage and vascular obstruction in an elderly population.
detailed information was collected at recruitment including their teg test results.
subjects were then followed during outpatient visits and hospitalization.
the primary outcome measures were hemorrhage and vascular obstruction.
the maximal youden's index was used to estimate optimal cut-off values for the indices.
areas under the roc curves were used to estimate overall predictive accuracies.
hemorrhage occurred in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients and vascular obstruction in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients during the 2-year follow up.
the currently recommended teg cut-off values were poorly predictive of vascular obstruction and modestly predictive of hemorrhage.
the optimal cut-off values for predicting hemorrhage were : r = @number@ k = @number@ ma = @number@ angle = @number@
optimal cutoff values determined by roc curve analysis improved the prediction of vascular obstruction and hemorrhage.
stroke is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries for people older than @number@ years of age.
the reasons are still unclear.
a reduction of endogenous mechanisms against ischemic insults has been proposed to explain this phenomenon.
this ischemic tolerance has been shown in numerous experimental models of cerebral ischemia.
this protective mechanism seems to be reduced with aging both in experimental and clinical studies.
alterations of mediators released and / or intracellular pathways may be responsible for age-related ischemic preconditioning reduction.
in this article , animal and human cerebral ischemic preconditioning , its age-related difference , and its potential therapeutical applications are discussed.
background and purpose : the natural history of white matter hyperintensity ( wmh ) progression resulting from normal aging versus comorbid vascular insults remains unclear.
methods : wmh volumes were acquired using 3t mri for @number@ dallas heart study participants.
background and purpose : accumulating vascular pathology in cerebral arteries leads to impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity.
in turn , impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity is a risk factor for stroke in clinical populations.
it remains unclear whether impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity also reflects more systemic vascular damage.
we investigated whether cerebral vasomotor reactivity is associated with the risk of mortality , focusing particularly on cardiovascular mortality independent from stroke.
methods : between @number@ and @number@ @number@ participants from the rotterdam study underwent cerebral vasomotor reactivity measurements using transcranial doppler.
follow-up was complete until @date@ .
we additionally censored for incident stroke.
results : during @number@ @number@ person-years , @number@ participants died , of whom @number@ due to a cardiovascular cause.
these associations remained unchanged after censoring for incident stroke.
conclusions : we found that lower cerebral vasomotor reactivity is associated with an increased risk of death.
incident stroke does not affect this association , suggesting that a lower cerebral vasomotor reactivity reflects a generally impaired vascular system.
objective : while the education gradient in prevention of chronic conditions is well documented , contributing factors remain underexplored.
results : overall , these components explain @percent@ to @percent@ of the education gradient in prevention , with income being the most important.
discussion : cognitive ability and ability to act capture an important part of the education gradient in prevention whereas knowledge about illness explains little.
medicine individualized to patients ' cognitive ability and ability to act could improve adherence to prevention protocols among patients with chronic conditions.
users can fluidly interact with an entire collection of cortical surfaces using only their mouse.
in addition , users can cluster and group brains according in multiple ways for subsequent comparison using graphical data mining tools.
alzheimer's disease is particularly interesting due to the wide-spread effects on cortical architecture and alterations of volume in specific brain areas associated with memory.
they were compared in a bipedal quiet stance reference condition and a bilateral achilles tendon vibration condition.
center of foot pressure displacements and frequency analysis were compared between the groups.
there were no differences between the old active group and the young sedentary group.
postural control was less altered for the young active group than for the other groups.
aging decreases the efficiency of postural control regardless of the assessment conditions.
continued generation of new b cells within the bone marrow is required throughout life.
in old age , b cell development may progressively be diverted into a prebcr-compromised pathway.
these abnormalities in b lymphopoiesis likely contribute to the poor humoral immunity seen in old age.
we have found biomarkers for the decrease in b cell function in aged mice and humans.
the e47 mrna stability is decreased in old b cells due to decreased phospho-mapkinase and phospho-ttp ( tristetraprolin ) .
current and future avenues to improve the humoral immune response in the elderly are discussed.
rationale : metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a high-prevalence condition characterized by altered energy metabolism , insulin resistance , and elevated cardiovascular risk.
age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in patients older than @number@ years in developed countries.
conclusion : altogether these factors also drive this pathologic condition under the general heading of \ "inflammaging \ ".
age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) , the hearing loss associated with aging , is a vital problem in present society.
the severity of hearing loss is possibly associated with the degeneration of cochlear cells.
mitochondria play a key role in the energy supply , cellular redox homeostasis , signaling , and regulation of programmed cell death.
in this review , we focus on the central role of mitochondria in arhl.
the mitochondrial redox imbalance and mitochondrial dna mutation might collaboratively involve in the process of cochlear senescence in response to the aging stress.
subsequent responses , including alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis , mitophagy , apoptosis and paraptosis , participate in the aging process from different respects.
cellular senescence is the permanent arrest of cell cycle , physiologically related to aging and aging-associated diseases.
senescence is also recognized as a mechanism for limiting the regenerative potential of stem cells and to protect cells from cancer development.
the senescence program is realized through autocrine / paracrine pathways based on the activation of a peculiar senescence-associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) .
the pro-senescent effects of igfbp4 and igfbp7 are reversed by single or simultaneous immunodepletion of either proteins from senescent-cm.
the blocking of igfbp4 / 7 also reduces apoptosis and promotes cell growth , suggesting that they may have a pleiotropic effect on msc biology.
furthermore , the simultaneous addition of rigfbp4 / 7 increased senescence and induced apoptosis in young msc.
collectively , these results suggest the occurrence of novel-secreted factors regulating msc cellular senescence of potential importance for regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
clinical trials have shown that antioxidant supplementation increased the risk of lung and skin cancers , but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown.
our results show direct evidence of reductive dna damage in the cells.
egcg induced dna double-strand breaks and apoptosis in normal cells and enhanced the mutation frequency.
these results provide a compelling explanation for the clinical results and unravel a new reductive damaging mechanism in cellular processes.
this study therefore provides a fresh understanding of aging and diseases , and may lead to effective prevention and therapies.
objective : to estimate the contributions of biological aging , historical trends , and birth cohort effects on trends in pre-eclampsia in the united states.
design : population based retrospective study.
setting : national hospital discharge survey datasets , 1980-2010 , united states.
participants : @number@ million women admitted to hospital for delivery.
poisson regression as well as multilevel age-period-cohort models with adjustment for obesity and smoking were incorporated.
results : the rate of pre-eclampsia was @percent@.
the age-period-cohort analysis showed a strong age effect , with women at the extremes of maternal age having the greatest risk of pre-eclampsia.
period effects declined after @number@
trends for severe pre-eclampsia also showed a modest birth cohort effect , with women born in the 1970s at increased risk.
compared with women born in @number@ the risk ratio for women born in @number@ was @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval @number@ to @number@ ) .
similar patterns were also evident for mild pre-eclampsia , although attenuated.
changes in the population prevalence of obesity and smoking were associated with period and cohort trends in pre-eclampsia but did not explain the trends.
conclusions : rates of severe pre-eclampsia have been increasing in the united states and age-period-cohort effects all contribute to these trends.
although smoking and obesity have driven these trends , changes in the diagnostic criteria may have also contributed to the age-period-cohort effects.
health consequences of rising obesity rates in the united states underscore that efforts to reduce obesity may be beneficial to maternal and perinatal health.
objectives : this study was designed to search putative biomarkers for detection of relatively young-onset atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
the af group showed elevated levels of serum triglyceride ( tg ) and c-reactive protein with hyperuricemia.
conclusion : lipoprotein properties were severely impaired in the af group with increased extent of oxidation and inflammation.
the modified lipoprotein properties with impaired antioxidant functions can be used as a putative biomarker for prognostic detection for the relatively young onset af.
however , their different efficacy and safety have not been systematically compared.
objectives : to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of different types of hyaluronic acid ( ha ) for nasolabial fold correction.
results : overall , @number@ rcts ( n = @number@ ) and @number@ cts ( n = @number@ ) were included.
different ha fillers for nasolabial fold correction were associated with various efficacies.
at the 6-month follow-up , the mean wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) score change from the baseline for ha was @number@
in subgroup analysis , the juvederm™ family achieved the best efficacy , while their adverse event incidence was significantly higher than other ha products.
conclusion : our meta-analysis proved both safety and efficacy for ha fillers.
juvederm™ family achieved the best efficacy , while the adverse event incidence for juvederm™ family was significantly higher than for other ha products.
the synaptopathology of ad is known to involve both pre- and postsynaptic components.
rph3a loss correlated with dementia severity , cholinergic deafferentation , and increased β-amyloid ( aβ ) concentrations.
furthermore , rph3a expression is selectively downregulated in cultured neurons treated with aβ25-35 peptides.
our data suggest that presynaptic snare dysfunction forms part of the synaptopathology of ad.
community-acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is a common infectious disease in the united states and the incidence continues to grow as the aging population increases.
overall , in-hospital patient mortality rates have been reported to be as high as @percent@.
stratifying risk factors to identify patients at risk for community-acquired multidrug-resistant pathogens should be considered when selecting therapy.
these patients are at an increased risk of an infection caused by a multidrug-resistant pathogen.
understanding a patient's risk for drug-resistant pathogens will allow the physician to choose an appropriate empiric treatment regimen to optimize clinical outcomes.
the geographic origins of populations can be identified by their maternally inherited mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) haplogroups.
the most common european haplogroup is h while individuals of maternal african origin are of the l haplogroup.
our data support the hypothesis that mtdna haplogroups representing populations from different geographic origins may play a role in differential susceptibilities to diseases.
we asked whether aged adults are more susceptible to exercise-induced pulmonary edema relative to younger individuals.
group-mean dm / vc was greater after vs. before exercise in the yng and old subjects.
the number of patients with pml increased after the pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
thereafter , an association between pml and monoclonal antibody therapy has come into light.
thus far , several monoclonal antibodies have been reported to cause pml.
moreover , the number of individuals with pml due to rituximab treatment is increasing ( over @number@ cases ) .
the diagnosis of pml is based on clinical , neuroradiological , pathological , and molecular analyses.
in clinical setting , magnetic resonance imaging provides the most important information in the diagnosis of pml.
because most patients may present immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ( iris ) , steroid therapy must be considered immediately.
however , the prognosis of pml is still worse in patients receiving monoclonal antibody therapy.
to prevent pml development , sophisticated and well-organized strategies must be established for monoclonal antibody treatment.
besides neurologists , physicians from other fields must be aware of pml associated with resulted from monoclonal antibody therapy.
herein , we review these hypotheses as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
interleukin ( il ) -1β reportedly leads to accumulation of amyloid β via nitric oxide stress in vitro.
thus , il-1β is a potential treatment target.
objective : newly developed techniques for understanding brain connectivity have emerged with the application of graph theory-based measures to neuroimaging modalities.
however , the cognitive correlates of these measures , particularly in the context of clinical diagnoses like major depression , are still poorly understood.
brain network efficiency measures were generated from diffusion tensor imaging-derived structural connectivity matrices using the brain connectivity toolbox.
information processing speed and decision making were assessed with the trail making test and the object alternation task , respectively.
results : all four network efficiency measures correlated negatively with age.
conclusion : brain network efficiency measures may represent different aspects of underlying network organization depending on the population and behaviors in question.
methods : cross-sectional study of @number@ community-dwelling men aged @number@ years or over with no history of terminal illnesses or neurodegenerative diseases.
men with patient health questionnaire ( phq-9 ) scores greater than or equal to @number@ were deemed to be clinically depressed.
scores between @number@ and @number@ were considered indicative of subthreshold depression.
results : @number@ men ( @percent@ ) had clinically significant depression and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had subthreshold depression.
depressive symptoms were associated with difficulties in basic and instrumental activities of daily living , but not with sexual practice.
decreased interest in sex and anxiety before sex were associated with subthreshold depression.
conclusions : ability to function effectively at home , financial autonomy , and leisure are associated with clinically significant depression in octogenarian men.
maintaining daily function and autonomy may be a suitable target for interventions that aim to reduce the prevalence and incidence of depression in older age.
objective : to examine the extent to which socio-demographics , modifiable lifestyle , and physical health status influence the mental health of post-menopausal australian women.
conclusion : research suggests that it is important to engage in a range of health promoting behaviors to preserve good health.
the effect of aging on hippocampus is often confounded by diseases that commonly occur in the elderly.
decline of cognition and increasing risk of neurodegenerative diseases are major problems associated with aging in humans.
of particular importance is how the brain removes potentially toxic biomolecules that accumulate with normal neuronal function.
clearance during sleep is as much as two-fold faster than during waking hours.
these results support a new hypothesis to answer the age-old question of why sleep is necessary.
glymphatic dysfunction may pay a hitherto unsuspected role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases as well as maintenance of cognition.
further characterization of the glymphatic system in humans may lead to new therapies and methods of prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
age and apoe are the most robust risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline , but the underlying neurobiology remains unclear.
up to @number@ waves of longitudinal cognitive data were collected from @number@ autopsied participants in @number@ ongoing clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging.
random coefficient models estimated person-specific slopes of decline in episodic memory and nonepisodic cognition.
path analysis examined the relation of age , apoe , and the @number@ pathologic indices to the slopes of cognitive decline.
there were no direct effects of age and apoe on decline after accounting for these pathologic pathways.
cholesterol is implicated in the development of late-onset alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
cholesterol measures were not related to aβ deposition in this cohort of nondemented elderly adults.
however , plasma and genetic factors relating to cholesterol transport were associated with aβ deposition in the brain.
a better understanding of cholesterol transport mechanisms may lead to the design of potential targets for the prevention of aβ deposition in the brain.
impaired brain iron homeostasis has been recognized as an important mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of this disease.
nevertheless , the knowledge gathered so far at the systemic level is clearly insufficient.
the results obtained showed a significant decrease of serum iron , ferritin , and transferrin concentrations in patients compared with the control subjects.
at the genetic level , significant associations with ad were found for single nucleotide polymorphisms in tf , tfr2 , aco1 , and slc40a1 genes.
apolipoprotein e gene , a well-known risk factor for ad , was also found significantly associated with the disease in this study.
the intracellular iron accumulation would lead to a rise in oxidative damage , contributing to ad pathophysiology.
the cognitive implications of these common markers are not well understood.
previous research has primarily focused on global measures of wmh burden and broad localizations that contain multiple white matter tracts.
a total of @number@ participants underwent t1-weighted and high-resolution t2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing.
when age was controlled , lower cognitive speed and flexibility was independently associated with wmh in the superior corona radiata.
apolipoprotein e ε4 and parental family history of ad were not associated with higher burden of wmh.
background : metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that greatly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type @number@ diabetes.
regular exercise improves the risk profile , but most people do not successfully change their exercise habits to beneficially reduce risk.
mobile health technologies have proved to be a beneficial tool to achieve blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with diabetes.
these technologies may address the limited access to health interventions in rural and remote regions.
however , the potential as a tool to support exercise-based prevention activities is not well understood.
vascular and autonomic function were examined.
fitness was assessed and exercise prescribed according to the step test and exercise prescription protocol.
discussion : this study tested the effects of a prescriptive exercise intervention alone , versus one supported by mobile health technology on cardiometabolic risk factors.
the intervention was designed to be translated into clinical or community-based programming.
trial registration : clinical trials registration : nct01944124.
in canada , hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection results in considerable morbidity , mortality and health-related costs.
the current article presents highlights from the @number@ meeting.
aging results in pervasive declines in nervous system function.
these age-related declines are not inevitable , however : older adults with a lifetime of music training do not exhibit neural timing delays.
yet many people play an instrument for a few years without making a lifelong commitment.
we suggest that early music training sets the stage for subsequent interactions with sound.
these experiences may interact over time to sustain sharpened neural processing in central auditory nuclei well into older age.
for decades , several axioms have prevailed with respect to the relationships between the cns and circulating immune cells.
specifically , immune cell entry was largely considered to be pathological or to mark the beginning of pathology within the brain.
the last two decades have seen a revolution in these prevailing dogmas , with a significant contribution made by the authors.
microglia and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages are now known to be functionally distinct and of separate origin.
moreover , it is now understood that the barriers of the brain are not uniform in their interactions with the circulating immune cells.
methods : case records of @number@ patients with dementia ( @number@ of them bilingual ) diagnosed in a specialist clinic were reviewed.
the age at onset of first symptoms was compared between monolingual and bilingual groups.
the influence of number of languages spoken , education , occupation , and other potentially interacting variables was examined.
results : overall , bilingual patients developed dementia @number@ years later than the monolingual ones.
there was no additional benefit to speaking more than @number@ languages.
the findings are interpreted in the context of the bilingual advantages in attention and executive functions.
cognitive skills , such as processing speed , memory functioning , and the ability to divide attention , are known to diminish with aging.
the present study shows that , despite these changes , older adults can successfully compensate for degradations in speech perception.
critically , the older participants of this study were not pre-selected for high performance on cognitive tasks , but only screened for normal hearing.
we measured the compensation for speech degradation using phonemic restoration , where intelligibility of degraded speech is enhanced using top-down repair mechanisms.
older participants in the present study showed poorer intelligibility of degraded speech than the younger group , as expected from previous reports of aging effects.
however , in conditions that induce top-down restoration , a robust compensation was observed.
speech perception by the older group was enhanced , and the enhancement effect was similar to that observed with the younger group.
this effect was even stronger with slowed-down speech , which gives more time for cognitive processing.
alternatively , or simultaneously , they may use different cerebral activation patterns or exert more mental effort.
this study examines diagnostic and service utilization patterns of transition-age youth in outpatient care derived from the @number@ nationally representative client / patient sample survey.
comparisons between 16-17 , 18-21 , and 22-25 year olds are highlighted.
among transition-age outpatients , the oldest youth had the highest rates of depression and bipolar disorder and co-occurring medical and substance use problems.
the thymus is a central lymphoid organ critical for the development and maintenance of an effective peripheral t-cell repertoire.
most important , it provides a specialized environment for the selection of rearranged clones that will function appropriately in the adaptive immune response.
ic aims to promote timely discharge from hospital , prevent unnecessary hospital admissions and reduce the need for long-term residential care by optimizing functional independence.
various healthcare providers around the world have adopted similar models of care to manage changing healthcare needs.
sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by its pathological hallmark , the non-caseating granulomas , and by variable clinical course.
while most of the cases affect people aged between @number@ and @number@ years , approximately @number@ % of cases occur in older patients.
elderly-onset sarcoidosis ( eos ) is defined as the onset of sarcoidosis in people over @number@ years of age.
specific studies on the incidence and prevalence of sarcoidosis in this subgroup are scarce.
several studies suggest that the clinical features of eos differ from those of sarcoidosis in younger patients.
a minor salivary gland biopsy also has a higher accuracy for diagnosis in the elderly.
the current management of eos remains empiric because of the lack of randomized , controlled studies.
however , the approach to treatment is similar , regardless of the age of the patient.
the treatment may be complicated by co-morbidities and increased risk of toxicities from usual treatments , particularly steroids.
this review discusses the epidemiology , clinical course , prognosis and treatment of eos.
first , the total cellular cholesterol content increase was 2-3-fold and 3-5-fold in tt1 and tt2 cells , respectively.
the corresponding increase in esterified cholesterol concentration was 10- and 40-fold , respectively.
third , cholesterol biosynthesis was moderately decreased in tt1 cells , but was markedly decreased in tt2 cells.
fourth , potentially atheroprotective lxr-dependent srebp1c signaling was normal in tt1 , but was rather suppressed in tt2 cells.
cultivated primary tangier fibroblasts were characterized by premature aging in culture and were associated with less obvious biochemical differences.
the data support the contention that side chain-oxidized oxysterols are strong suppressors of cholesterol biosynthesis under specific pathological conditions in humans.
the relationship between osteoarthritis ( oa ) and osteoporosis ( op ) , the two most common skeletal disorders related to aging , is controversial.
previous studies suggest that oa is inversely related to op when studied cross-sectionally and systematically.
however , there are differences in the results depending on the parameter used to define oa.
a review of the literature suggests that oa is inversely related to op in general when studied cross-sectionally and systematically.
however , when analyzed in individual bones , the bmd of the appendicular skeleton in oa-affected joints may decrease , particularly in the upper extremities.
on whether oa influences bone loss or osteoporotic fractures , differences are observed according to the affected joints.
low bmd at the lumbar spine is associated with a lower incidence of knee oa although it does not arrest the progression of knee oa.
subjects were @number@ community-dwelling japanese men and menopaused women , aged 40-81 years.
bmd of lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry twice at 6-year intervals.
subjects were divided into three groups , normal , osteopenia , and osteoporosis , depending on their young adult mean bmd % value.
in the cross-sectional analysis the correlations between the knee extension strength and bmd of the two regions were examined , using pearson's correlation coefficient.
the results suggest the importance of knee extension strength to maintain the bone health of the proximal femur and spine in aging particularly in men.
factors that were examined included cognitive reserve , neuropsychological functioning , depression as well as a lifestyle ( cognitive training ) intervention.
conversely , depression and disability were associated with decreases in hippocampal volume.
cognitive training was not associated with changes in hippocampal volume.
background : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and sleep disturbances are common features in parkinson disease ( pd ) .
they wore actigraphy watches for @number@ weeks , from which measures of nocturnal sleep efficiency were calculated.
results : patients with pd-mci has significantly poorer sleep efficiency compared to those without pd-mci.
this effect was particularly apparent in those with multiple-domain pd-mci , compared to those with single-domain pd-mci.
furthermore , patients in the pd-mci group had significantly more nontremor features.
conclusions : these data suggest that pd-mci is associated with greater sleep disturbance and nontremor features of pd.
this is further evidence for the potential role that sleep disturbance plays in the heterogeneity of pd.
ccn1 mrna was upregulated 113-fold in muscle of aged vs. young rats.
ccn1 protein was increased in aging muscle in both rats ( @number@.8-fold ) and mice ( @number@.8-fold ) .
however , the ccn1-treated mpcs did express a senescence marker ( sa-βgal ) .
when mpcs were treated with aged rodent serum ccn1 mrna increased by sevenfold and protein increased by threefold suggesting the presence of a circulating regulator.
therefore , we looked for a circulating regulator.
we transduced c2c12 myoblasts with wnt-3a and found that ccn1 protein was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
we conclude that in aging muscle , the circulating factor wnt-3a acts to increase ccn1 expression , prompting muscle senescence by activating cell arrest proteins.
our validation sets confirmed the direction of age-related dna methylation changes in all measured regions.
in addition , @number@ of the @number@ cpgs with age-related methylation in normal breast were significantly differentially methylated between normal and breast tumor tissues.
this work identifies age-related methylation in normal breast tissue and begins to deconstruct the contribution of aging to epigenetic alterations present in breast tumors.
study design : forty-nine subjects received a total of two radio-frequency treatments to the face and neck one-month apart.
the novel radio-frequency delivery device was used to heat the dermis between 41-43°c for five heat cycles.
primary outcome measures were clinical efficacy quantified by the global assessment improvement scale ( gais ) and a patient survey that assessed treatment satisfaction.
results : assessments of 3d photographs revealed an overall improvement in @percent@ of study subjects.
@percent@ of patients noted an overall improvement in the appearance of their skin.
purpose : medication problems are thought to cause between @number@ and @percent@ of all hospital admissions in older people.
this systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions led by hospital or community pharmacists in reducing unplanned hospital admissions for older people.
methods : eighteen databases were searched with a customised search strategy.
relevant websites and reference lists of included trials were checked.
randomised controlled trials were included that evaluated pharmacist-led interventions compared with usual care , with unplanned admissions or readmissions as an outcome.
two authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality.
results : twenty-seven randomised controlled trials ( rcts ) were identified ; seven trials were excluded.
the @number@ included trials comprised @number@ for older people and @number@ for older people with heart failure.
three trials in older people with heart failure showed that interventions delivered by a hospital pharmacist reduced the relative risk of admissions.
however , these trials were heterogeneous in intensity and duration of follow-up.
one trial had a high risk of bias.
data from @number@ trials do not support the concept that interventions led by hospital or community pharmacists for the general older population reduces unplanned admissions.
age-related changes in skin contribute to impaired wound healing after surgical procedures.
changes in skin with age include decline in thickness and composition , a decrease in the number of most cell types , and diminished microcirculation.
the microcirculation provides tissue perfusion , fluid homeostasis , and delivery of oxygen and other nutrients.
it also controls temperature and the inflammatory response.
surgical incisions cause further disruption of the microvasculature of aged skin.
perioperative management can be modified to minimize insults to aged tissues.
anesthetic agents influence the microcirculation of a combination of effects on cardiac output , arterial pressure , and local microvascular changes.
the authors examined the role of anesthetic management in optimizing the microcirculation and potentially improving postoperative wound repair in older persons.
objective : the goal of our study was to assess whether a web-based intervention increases physical activity and improves metabolic health in inactive older adults.
methods : we conducted a 3-month randomized , waitlist-controlled trial in a volunteer sample of @number@ inactive adults aged 60-70 years without diabetes.
the primary outcome was relative increase in physical activity measured objectively using ankle- and wrist-worn accelerometers.
secondary outcomes of metabolic health included anthropometric measures and parameters of glucose metabolism.
results : in total , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) completed the study.
furthermore , insulin and hba1c levels were significantly more reduced in the intervention group compared to controls ( both p < .05 ) .
such web-based interventions provide novel opportunities for large scale prevention of metabolic deregulation in our rapidly aging population.
background : cognitive decline is one of the most prominent healthcare issues of the 21st century.
within the context of combating cognitive decline through behavioural interventions , physical activity is a promising approach.
there is a dearth of health economic data in the area of behavioural interventions for dementia prevention.
yet , economic evaluations are essential for providing information to policy makers for resource allocation.
it is essential we first address population and intervention-specific methodological challenges prior to building a larger evidence base.
results : both the aerobic training and resistance training interventions were less costly than twice weekly balance and tone classes.
to ensure this population is treated fairly in terms of claims on resources , we first need to identify areas for methodological improvement.
some of the problems confounding this research can be reduced by harmonising and pooling data across studies.
there are currently @number@ member studies , from regions that include asia , australia , europe , and north america.
a research steering committee has been established , two meetings of study leaders held , and a website developed.
the initial attempts at harmonising key variables like neuropsychological test scores are in progress.
discussion : the challenges of international consortia like cosmic include efficient communication among members , extended use of resources , and data harmonisation.
cosmic could potentially transform our understanding of the epidemiology of cognitive ageing , and have a world-wide impact on promoting successful ageing.
background : as life expectancy continues to rise , more elderly are reaching advanced ages ( ≥80 years ) .
the increasing prevalence of multimorbidity places additional demands on health-care resources for the elderly.
this study determines patterns of multimorbidity associated with emergency-room visits and hospitalization in an 85-year-old population.
diagnoses of morbidity were reviewed in patients ' case reports , and the local health-care register provided information on the use of health services.
hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to evaluate patterns of multimorbidity with gender stratification.
factors associated with emergency-room visits and hospitalization were analyzed using logistic regression models.
conclusion : in this 85-year-old population , patterns of cardiac and pulmonary conditions were better than a single morbidity in explaining hospitalization.
heart failure was superior to multimorbidity patterns in explaining emergency-room visits.
mitochondria have a unique genetic system , mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) , which is a small , self-replicating and diverse genome.
in the past @number@ years , mtdna has made significant contribution to molecular ecology and phylogeography.
mitochondria also represent a unique system of mitochondrial-nuclear genomic cooperation.
additionally , mitochondrial dysfunction can be fatal.
it is shown that mitochondria play a critical role in many aspects of life.
the trophicity of women's urogenital tissues depends on the hormone level and on the quality of the vaginal flora.
stresses of these mucous membranes , seemingly minor , give rise to complaints of a perceived perineal discomfort , which is disproportionate to the causes.
population in occident has access to the best medical care and hygiene conditions ever.
yet , expenditures on treatment of these minor disorders are unwarranted.
cystalgia leads to a large number of consultations to general practitioner , gynaecologist and urologist.
the aging of our societies is another reason.
while life expectancy was @number@ in 19th century , it is now @number@
women will now live a third of their life after menopause'.
recent studies have proposed a close relationship between oxidative stress and energy metabolism-associated disease.
recently we published the initial subset of imaging findings for specific regions in a cohort of individuals with autosomal dominant alzheimer's disease.
the anatomical distribution of imaging biomarkers is described in relation to estimated years from symptom onset.
autosomal dominant alzheimer's disease mutation carrier individuals have elevated pib levels in nearly every cortical region @number@ y before the estimated age of onset.
importantly , however , a divergent pattern was observed subcortically.
all subcortical gray-matter regions exhibited elevated pib uptake , but despite this , only the hippocampus showed reduced glucose metabolism.
similarly , atrophy was not observed in the caudate and pallidum despite marked amyloid accumulation.
finally , before hypometabolism , a hypermetabolic phase was identified for some cortical regions , including the precuneus and posterior cingulate.
methods : in this cross-sectional study , peripapillary rnfl measurement was performed using a cirrus sd-oct device.
results : mean age of the @number@ healthy participants was @number@ years ( range , 20-59 years ) .
conclusions : age-related decrease in rnflt varied according to sector.
age-related change should be accounted for in any assessment of rnflt.
regional age-related change is accounted for by cirrus sd-oct in its normative database.
medically trained healthcare providers and community health practitioners can provide older adults with this information through health education classes.
however , these healthcare professionals must continually update their knowledge as the science of gerontology and geriatrics is always expanding.
participants were asked to use an anonymous survey evaluation form featuring both quantitative and qualitative questions to rate the seminar.
close-ended questions were developed on a five-point scale ranging from @number@ = strongly agree to @number@ = strongly disagree.
these items were analyzed to compute frequency and percent.
evaluations of the seminar suggest that it is feasible to develop educational programs targeting healthcare professionals and community health practitioners.
the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene is associated with structural and functional brain changes.
background and purpose : moyamoya disease ( mmd ) is characterized by unique angiographic features of collateralization.
methods : we reviewed @number@ patients with mmd undergoing xenon-enhanced computed tomography , as well as @number@ patients with cad and @number@ controls.
cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) , cerebrovascular reserve capacity ( cvrc ) , and hemodynamic stress distribution were calculated.
in mmd and cad , cortical and central cbf decreased significantly with age , whereas cvrc and hemodynamic stress distribution are relatively unaffected by age.
this correlates well with its characteristic feature of proximal collateralization.
cvrc and hemodynamic stress distribution seem to be more robust parameters than cbf alone for assessment of disease severity.
background : although the negative consequences on health of being obese are well known , most adults gain weight across the lifespan.
we aimed to study the influence of multifactorial causes of change in bmi , over @number@ years.
factors associated with an increase in bmi in midlife were not associated with an increase in bmi after the age of @number@ years.
these findings indicate that the causes and consequences of change in bmi differ across the lifespan.
current health recommendations need to be adjusted accordingly.
background : depression and depression-executive dysfunction syndrome ( des ) are common neuropsychiatric consequences of stroke.
we hypothesized that if stroke as a cerebrovascular event causes depression , this so-called post-stroke depression will further increase the risk of recurrent stroke.
the objective of the study was to investigate whether patients with post-stroke depression or des have increased rates of stroke recurrence.
we included only patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke who were testable for depression and executive dysfunction.
for follow-up , national register data were reviewed for all diagnosis codes of ischaemic stroke , survival data and causes of death.
neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluations for depression and executive functions were performed 12-20 weeks after the index stroke.
univariate analysis was performed using χ ( @number@ ) , mantel-haenszel , anova , and kaplan-meier log rank analyses.
diagnosis and treatment of depressive syndromes should be considered as a part of secondary prevention in patients with ischaemic stroke.
methods : data was from the canadian community health survey : healthy aging ( cchs-ha ) ( n = @number@ ) conducted in 2008-2009.
rowe and kahn's concept was used to measure sa.
descriptive analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of sa in those aged 45 + living in private dwellings in the ten provinces of canada.
multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predicators of sa among those aged 65 + and having complete data on cognition.
assuming those 65 + living in institutions as unsuccessful agers , then the prevalence of sa was @percent@ among canadian seniors aged 65 + .
there were no differences in prevalence rate of sa between males and females.
we did not find higher income associated with sa.
presence of disease led to a major decline in sa , levels of functioning and engagement in contrast remained relatively constant.
the modifiable risk factors identified provide direction for prevention efforts to increase sa at a population level.
objective : indices of arterial stiffness and aortic pressure are usually assessed by applanation tonometry.
the more recently introduced oscillometric device is simpler to use.
several studies have investigated the agreement between these two devices , but not in populations with elevated levels of arterial stiffness.
therefore , we evaluated the agreement in an elderly population with high risk of arterial stiffness.
we investigated agreement between the two devices using pearson correlations and bland-altman analysis.
we carried out a stratified analysis in participants with more pronounced arterial stiffness ( sphygmocor apwv > 12 m / s ) .
conclusion : particularly in the elderly with elevated levels of arterial stiffness , measurements of apwv obtained with oscillometry and applanation tonometry show poor agreement.
also , aix , aortic sbp , and aortic pp show clearly less than optimal agreement.
identification of conserved pathways regulating longevity holds out the eventual possibility of pharmacologic health- and lifespan extension in humans.
members of the sirtuin deacetylase / adp-ribosyltransferase / deacylase family extend longevity in invertebrates and promote various aspects of mammalian healthspan.
the mitochondrial sirtuin sirt3 deacetylates numerous proteins in this organelle , regulating mitochondrial functions and suppressing diverse age-associated pathologies.
however , recent findings raise the possibility that sirt3 may regulate some mitochondrial functions indirectly , rather than by direct deacetylation of specific mitochondrial substrates.
specifically , it has been found that sirt3 promotes activities of the upstream mitochondrial regulators adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and pgc1α.
in addition , studies of tissue-specific sirt3 knockouts suggest non-tissue-autonomous roles for sirt3.
thus , mitochondrial regulation by sirt3 is likely much more complex than initially appreciated , potentially involving both direct and indirect mechanisms.
our objective was to examine changes over time in @number@ quality metrics available from the registry.
methods and results : we performed an observational study of @number@ @number@ patients who received new icd implants from @date@ to @date@ .
omt was defined as prescription of β-blocker and either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in eligible patients.
crt eligibility was determined by qrs ≥120 ms , left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% , and new york heart association class iii / iv.
observation periods were divided into four 12-month intervals.
we analyzed changes over time and used hierarchical logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders.
adverse events decreased over time ( @percent@ to @percent@ , p < 0.001 ) .
background : normal \ "wear and tear \ " of bones during weight bearing activity creates microdamage that triggers bone to heal itself.
in a second step , we tested the hypothesis that microdamage induced through lithotripsy treatment increases bone apposition in aged rats.
this decrease in resorption is not observed in the contralateral limb of osteopenic animals.
minimally invasive injectable esthetic treatments have become a popular treatment choice in our society.
this paper reviews some of the most common injectable aesthetic treatments with an emphasis on dental-related applications.
white matter ( wm ) comprises about half of the brain and its dysfunction is implicated in many brain disorders.
while structural properties in healthy and diseased wm have been extensively studied , relatively little is known about the physiology underlying these structural characteristics.
with age , wm cvr response becomes greater and faster , which is opposite to the changes seen in the gm.
these data suggest that characteristics of wm cvr are different from that of gm and caution should be used when interpreting pathologic wm cvr results.
objectives : cognitive processing plays an important role in balance and gait and is a contributing factor to falls in older adults.
this relationship may be explained by the fact that higher order cognitive functions such as executive functions are called upon while walking.
the purpose of this study was to examine whether a cognitive training intervention leads to significant improvements on measures of balance and gait.
method : this randomized trial tested whether cognitive training over @number@ weeks improves balance and gait in older adults.
participants were randomly assigned to a computer-based cognitive training intervention or measurement-only control.
outcomes included timed up and go ( tug ) , gait speed , and gait speed with a cognitive distraction.
data were analyzed using analysis of covariance models with change scores.
results : participants ' ( n = @number@ ) average age was @number@ for those randomized to intervention and @number@ for those randomized to control.
after @number@ weeks , intervention group participants performed significantly better than controls on the tug.
discussion : cognitive training slows degradation of balance and improves gait while distracted , rendering it a promising approach to falls prevention.
however , much less is known about the longitudinal association between direct measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function across the life span.
the present study examined the prospective association between symptom-limited maximal oxygen consumption ( vo2max ) and longitudinal performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
mixed-effects regression models were adjusted for demographic , biomedical , and behavioral confounders.
individuals with lower vo2max demonstrated accelerated trajectories of cognitive decline over time.
conclusions : baseline cardiorespiratory fitness is related to longitudinal neuropsychological performance , and memory appears to be a particularly vulnerable domain.
evidence that aerobic fitness is associated with accelerated cognitive decline emphasizes the possible importance of behavioral interventions to optimize cognitive aging over time.
provocation studies presented in this article demonstrate that the response to electrosmog is physiologic and not psychosomatic.
background : while divided attention tasks are recognized as predictors of falls in older adults , a comprehensive examination of this association is lacking.
objective : we examined the validity of a ' walking while talking ' ( wwt ) task for predicting falls.
cox regressions adjusted for multiple potential confounders and normal-pace walking were used to examine the associations.
results : over a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) fell.
step length was the only individual wwt parameter that predicted falls [ hazard ratio ( hr ) @number@ p = @number@ ] .
factor analysis identified @number@ gait domains , of which only the pace factor predicted falls ( hr @number@ p = @number@ ) .
results remained robust after adjusting for multiple potential confounders and accounting for normal-pace walking.
conclusions : wwt performance was a significant predictor of falls.
gait domains in wwt should be further studied to improve current fall risk assessments and to develop new interventions.
rodents frequently exhibit rotational bias associated with asymmetry in lesions and neurotransmitters in the striatum.
however , in humans , turning preference is inconsistent across studies , and its neural correlates are unclear.
we examined turning bias in @number@ right-handed healthy adults ( 18-77 years old ) , who navigated a virtual morris water maze.
on magnetic resonance images , we measured volumes of brain regions relevant to spatial navigation.
the results showed that performance ( time of platform search and distance traveled ) was negatively related to age.
examination of turning behavior showed that all participants veered to the right.
in turns and reversals , although on average there was no consistent direction preference , we observed significant individual biases.
virtual turning preference correlated with volumetric asymmetry in the striatum , cerebellum , and hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex.
participants preferred to turn toward the hemisphere with larger putamen , cerebellum and ( in younger adults only ) hippocampus.
advanced age was associated with greater rightward turning preference.
men showed greater leftward preference whereas women exhibited stronger rightward bias.
secondary immunodeficiences are associated with an increased incidence of infection and malignancy , as well with development of autoimmune disease.
immune system function is altered by many conditions , such as aging , malnutrition and mycobacterial infections.
however , the treatment of the primary condition often results in the improvement of the immune compromise.
the authors present a case of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and hepatitis , due to viral reactivation associated with development of secondary immunodeficience in an hiv-negative patient.
evaluations were positive and sustained.
the authors educated chief residents about value-based care , linking them to key interprofessional staff to build team-based care.
the authors addressed quality improvement issues identified by the institute of medicine and our health network.
older age produces numerous changes in cognitive processes , including slowing in the rate of mental processing speed.
there has been controversy over the past three decades about whether this slowing is generalized or process-specific.
processing speed was measured using p300 latency and reaction time.
advanced glycation end-products ( age ) have been implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications , inflammation , alzheimer's disease , and cancer.
age are not only formed within our bodies but are also derived from foods , endowing them with flavor.
foods tested were japanese soy sauce , coffee , cola , and red wine , all of which showed fluorescence characteristics of age.
soy sauce and coffee contained n ( ε ) -carboxymethyl-lysine ( cml ) .
the liquids were then fractionated into high-molecular weight ( hmw ) fractions and low-molecular weight ( lmw ) fractions.
further , this fraction significantly reduced age-dependent monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( mcp-1 ) secretion from murine peritoneal macrophages.
the lmf from soy sauce suppressed the age-induced rage trafficking to lipid rafts.
these results indicate that small components in some , if not all , foods antagonize rage signaling and could exhibit beneficial effects on rage-related diseases.
this technique provides a promising alternative to surgery by promoting safe and natural healing.
here recent studies concerning the use of prp in the treatment of chronic ulcers and soft tissue defect are reviewed.
mitochondria are a major source of cellular oxidants and have been implicated in aging and associated pathologies , notably cardiovascular diseases.
vascular cell senescence is observed in experimental and human cardiovascular pathologies.
angiotensin also resulted in an increase in mitosox fluorescence indicating stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide.
significantly , the induction of senescence by angiotensin ii was abrogated by rotenone and by the mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic , mitotempo.
immunosenescence is the functional deterioration of the immune system during natural aging.
here we describe reduced chemotaxis but preserved chemokinesis toward a range of inflammatory stimuli in migrating neutrophils isolated from healthy older subjects.
cross-sectional data indicate that migratory behavior changes in the sixth decade of life.
pi3k-blocking strategies , specifically inhibition of pi3kγ or pi3kδ , restored neutrophil migratory accuracy , whereas ship1 inhibition worsened migratory flaws.
targeting pi3k signaling may therefore offer a new strategy in improving neutrophil functions during infections and reduce inappropriate inflammation in older patients.
today , however , a different equation is needed on which to base such projections.
new technologies and more aggressive screening may also change the equation.
strategies to address these increasing demands on the health system must include expanded physician training.
identification of genes associated with brain aging should markedly improve our understanding of the biological processes that govern normal age-related decline.
in contrast , increasing white-matter incoherence with age appears to be nongenetic.
its validity was evaluated by examining associations of physical demands and iso-strain ( combination of high psychosocial demands and low resources ) with health.
a gpjem with low , moderate , and high probability of exposure to demands and resources was developed.
linear and logistic regression models were applied.
a moderate probability of repetitive movements was associated with functional limitations in former workers.
respondents formerly exposed to iso-strain had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure and more often hypertension.
no such associations were found in current workers.
no association was found with cardiovascular disease.
conclusions : the results suggest that our gpjem accurately classifies jobs according to physical demands and , although less clearly , iso-strain.
lipids are the building blocks of cellular membranes and are synthesized at distinct parts of the cell.
a precise control of lipid synthesis and distribution is crucial for cell function and survival.
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) is the major lipid-synthesizing organelle.
however , a subset of lipids is synthesized within mitochondria , and this aspect has become a focus of recent lipid research.
mitochondria form a dynamic membrane network that is reshaped by fusion and fission events.
their functionality therefore depends on a continuous lipid supply from the er and the distribution of lipids between both mitochondrial membranes.
the mechanisms of mitochondrial lipid trafficking are only now emerging and appear to involve membrane contact sites and lipid transfer proteins.
background : a growing number of older patients undergo cardiac surgery.
first step in prevention is to identify patients at risk of functional decline.
there are no current published tools available to predict functional decline following cardiac surgery.
objective : to validate the identification of seniors at risk-hospitalised patients ( isar-hp ) , in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
design and methods : a multicenter cohort study in cardiac surgery wards of two university hospitals with follow-up @number@ months after hospital admission.
inclusion criteria : consecutive cardiac surgery patients , aged ≥65.
functional decline was defined as a decline of at least one point on the katz adl index at follow-up compared with preadmission status.
results : @number@ patients were included , @percent@ of all patients and @percent@ of patients ≥70 + suffered functional decline.
area under the receiver operating curve for patients ≥70 it was @number@
for the amended isar-hp sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values were @number@ @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
as the older adult segment of the population increases , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has emerged as a significant public health epidemic.
however , several lines of evidence suggest that multiple pathologies are necessary for clinical manifestation of the disease.
white matter hyperintensities may represent an independent source of impairment and / or may interact more fundamentally with \ "primary \ " ad pathology.
future work should focus on more inclusive models of that better define \ "normal \ " vs \ "pathological \ " aging.
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is one of the most common malignant diseases and frequent cause of cancer deaths in the world.
in spite of the significant advances in conventional therapeutic approaches to crc , most patients ultimately die of their disease.
there is a need to develop novel preventive approaches for this malignancy.
this study was carried out to investigate the anticancer effect of mhy218 , a hydroxamic acid derivative , in hct116 human colon cancer cells.
treatment of cells with mhy218 resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
these results suggest that mhy218 may be a useful candidate to be used in the chemoprevention and / or treatment of colon cancer.
genetic factors play an important role in the alzheimer's disease ( ad ) development and memory impairment is a cardinal clinical feature of ad.
kidney and brain expressed protein ( kibra ) , owing to its connection with human episodic memory , became an interesting candidate gene for ad.
the results revealed no significant differences in the distributions of genotype or allele between load and control groups in the total sample.
moreover , the association was further demonstrated in logistic regression analysis ( rs17070145 : p = @number@ or = @number@ ) .
our data suggested that kibra might associate with younger ad patients ( ≤74 years ) in a northern han chinese population.
sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle function and is a contributing factor for cachexia , bone loss , and frailty.
resistance training produces several physiological adaptations which improve aging musculoskeletal health , such as increased muscle and bone mass and strength.
the combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training may further lead to greater physiological benefits.
creatine also shows promise for improving bone mineral density and indices of bone biology.
the combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training could be an effective intervention to improve aging musculoskeletal health.
main outcomes and measures : unified parkinson disease rating scale part iii ( updrs-iii ) and clinical dementia rating scores and neuropsychological performance.
linear regression models were applied to assess the association between parkin mutation status and cognitive domain scores and updrs-iii scores.
models were adjusted for age , education , disease duration , language , and levodopa equivalent daily dose.
a longitudinal follow-up study is required to confirm these findings.
ld-1227 or placebo ( water-soluble starch ) were given daily at breakfast and dinner for three months.
in particular , levels of adiponectin and adiponectin / resistin index significantly increased following ld-1227 administration.
our recent studies highlight the effect of a biomarine compound ( ld-1227 ) on mmps , collagen metabolism and on chondrocyte inflammatory markers.
the patients population consisted of @number@ subjects with a recent diagnosis of knee osteoarthririts of mild-moderate severity.
patients were allowed their established painkillers on demand.
moreover , serum concentrations of il-6 , il-β , crp , tnf-sr1 and tnf-sr2 were assessed.
ld-1227 brought about also a more significant downregulation of the tested cytokines cascade.
taken overall , these data suggest that ld-1227 has the potential to be included in the nutraceutical armamentarium in the management of oa.
background : maintaining health and well-being in aging populations is critical.
objective : to examine the association between dietary patterns in midlife and prevalence of healthy aging.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting : nurses ' health study.
women provided information on health an average of @number@ years later.
limitations : residual confounding was possible , although many confounding factors were considered.
bias due to complex patterns of measurement error within diet scores cannot be excluded.
conclusion : better diet quality at midlife seems to be strongly linked to greater health and well-being in persons surviving to older ages.
primary funding source : national cancer institute , national institutes of health.
studies in mammals have demonstrated that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging and cancer.
inactivation of insulin / insulin-like signaling increases lifespan in nematodes , fruit flies , and mice.
life-prolonging effects of caloric restriction are in part due to reduction in igf-1 , insulin , and glucose levels.
antidiabetic biguanides such as metformin , which reduce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia by decreasing insulin resistance , extend lifespan , and inhibit carcinogenesis in rodents.
will antidiabetic biguanides increase lifespan in humans ?
with the global rise in aging of populations , the occurrence of osteoporosis will continue to increase.
biomaterial and pharmaceutical scientists continue to develop innovative strategies and materials to address this disease.
studies detailing the methodology of the conversion methods and the strategies and approach for the development of these novel drug delivery systems are described.
these studies support the notion and the rationale for future research and development of the use of coral exoskeletons as materials for drug delivery applications.
objectives : resistance exercise is used as a non-pharmacological tool to elicit both gains in and maintenance of physical function in the elderly.
design : cross-sectional field study.
results : creatine kinase was higher at @number@ h , 3h , 24h and @number@ h following the ere for the hr group.
the peak creatine kinase was significantly higher in hr group versus the normal response group.
only one subject met the criteria to be classified as high response for both creatine kinase and interleukin-6 responsiveness.
conclusions : elderly individuals classified as high response experienced greater creatine kinase and interleukin-6 responses to ere.
objective : age-related changes are well documented in the primary somatosensory cortex ( si ) .
based on previous somatosensory evoked potential studies , the amplitude of n20 typically increases with age probably due to cortical disinhibition.
however , less is known about age-related change in the secondary somatosensory cortex ( sii ) .
the current study quantified age-related changes across si and sii mainly based on oscillatory activity indices measured with magnetoencephalography.
results : plf was significantly increased in si along with the increased amplitude of n20m in the old subjects.
plf was also increased in sii associated with a shortened peak latency of sefs. wpli analysis revealed the increased coherent activity between si and sii.
conclusions : our results suggest that the functional coupling between si and sii is influenced by the cortical disinhibition due to normal aging.
significance : we provide the first electrophysiological evidence for age-related changes in oscillatory neural activities across the somatosensory areas.
aluminum is one of the most common metal elements in the earth's crust.
it is not an essential element for life and has commonly been thought of as a rather inert and insoluble mineral.
therefore , it has often been regarded as not posing a significant health hazard.
in consequence , aluminum-containing agents been used in many food processing steps and also in removal by flocculation of particulate organic matter from water.
as a result , the human body burden of aluminum has increased.
epidemiological data is strengthened by experimental evidence of aluminum exposure leading to excess inflammatory activity within the brain.
such apparently irrelevant immune activity unprovoked by an exogenous infectious agent characterizes the aging brain and is even more pronounced in several neurodegenerative diseases.
there is an increasing and coherent body of evidence that implicates aluminum as being one such significant factor.
evidence is outlined supporting the concept of aluminum's involvement in hastening brain aging.
this acceleration would then inevitably lead to increased incidence of specific age-related neurological diseases.
the recent evidences indicate that autophagy is associated with a number of pathological processes including cancer , muscular disorder and neurodegeneration in addition to longevity.
the efficacy of spermine was investigated on induction of autophagy through histone deacetylation and p53 activation in human fibrosarcoma cell line , ht1080.
in this study , it was discovered that spermine increases the activity of hat and autophagy.
furthermore , western blot analyses demonstrated that spermine modulates the expression of proteins related to autophagy and apoptosis.
the expression levels of ac-histone h3 , hdac1 , hat1 , p300 and sirt1 were increased in ht1080 cells treated with spermine.
moreover , the levels of mdm2 and caspase-3 expression were reduced in the cells exposed to spermine compared to blank group.
burn injury to individuals older than @number@ years occurs with a frequency that is disproportionate to that of all other victims except the very young.
burns continue to remain a major healthcare problem in the united states and globally.
further , older adults who live alone are @percent@ more likely to suffer an unintentional injury than the rest of the population.
these factors describe a vulnerable population in need of protection and safety.
this article assists the home healthcare provider to recognize the characteristics and vulnerability of the older adult as related to a burn injury.
guidelines that will assist the home healthcare provider in promoting a safe and comfortable environment are discussed.
we present our latest work on in vivo skin capacitive imaging analysis by using grey level co-occurrence matrix ( glcm ) .
the in vivo skin capacitive images were taken by a capacitance based fingerprint sensor , the skin capacitive images were then analysed by glcm.
the results show that angular second moment increases as age increases , and entropy decreases as age increases.
this review shows that adequate o2 provision to the active tissues is critical in the dynamic adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation even in young healthy individuals.
young adults with chronic diseases do not fit easily into an aging adult patient population and are frequently isolated from peers.
the result is a high rate of non-adherence with medical care and therapy , resulting in poor outcomes.
this is an important clinical problem shared equally by young adults transitioning from pediatric care and those presenting directly to adult care.
an integrated multidisciplinary pediatric-adult service can improve the transition process and preparation of the teenager for adult health care.
a seamless transition into a dedicated young adult service results in reduced premature failure rates of kidney transplants and improved clinic and medication adherence.
aim : to investigate longevity-associated genes based on a comparison between dead and surviving populations.
alleles of @number@ codis str loci were determined using the ampflstr profiler plus pcr amplification kit.
the cross-validation was performed based on differences between the two groups in both frequency values and ages.
conclusions : the results suggest that d2s1338-18 is associated with longevity.
a growing number of magnetic resonance imaging studies employ voxel-based morphometry ( vbm ) to assess structural brain changes.
recent reports have shown that image acquisition parameters may influence vbm results.
thirty-six healthy subjects , classified as young , middle-aged , or elderly , participated in the study.
potential advantages in tissue classification and segmentation were obtained for mp2rage.
the 32-channel coil generally outperformed the 12-channel coil , with more benefit for mp2rage.
further improvement can be expected from higher resolution if the loss in snr is accounted for.
use of inconsistent acquisition parameters in vbm analyses is likely to introduce systematic bias.
overall , acquisition and protocol changes require careful adaptations of the vbm analysis strategy before generalized conclusion can be drawn.
a systematic search using online databases was used to source articles.
inclusion criteria included articles classified as randomized controlled trials ( rct ) , controlled trials ( ct ) and uncontrolled trials ( ut ) .
moreover , the studies had to include an exercise or physical activity protocol in the intervention.
eight studies met the eligibility criteria and included @number@ rcts , @number@ ct , and @number@ ut.
several limitations were identified , mainly focused on the lack of a common and standardized method to evaluate the balance during the dual-task performance.
additionally , exercise protocols were extensively different , and generally lacked reporting measures.
innovative measures and exercise programs may need to be developed before efficacious screening and treatment strategies can be used in clinical settings.
towards discussions at the next issam / essam meeting in moscow , @date@ , we suggest the following update.
in experiment @number@ participants received the specificity induction or a control induction prior to the memory , imagination , and description tasks.
by contrast , the induction did not affect internal ( or external ) details for picture description.
experiment @number@ replicated these results in young adults using a different control induction.
our findings point to a dissociation between episodic processes involved in memory and imagination and nonepisodic processes involved in picture description.
conclusion : low health literacy combined with the physiological changes of aging put the elderly in a vulnerable position.
practice implication : clinicians need to recognize the indicators of low health literacy and utilize the available assessment tools.
to improve clinician-patient communication , interventions must be tailored to the patients ' literacy level.
the physical functioning , social support , optimism , meaning in life , and subjective well-being of the participants were measured.
conclusion : this study examines the role of meaning in life in stroke experience from an existential perspective.
the modifiable features of meaning in life may offer an intervening angle for improving the well-being of elderly stroke survivors.
results suggest the possibility of using the morphometric method to determine an aging profile of latent palmprints on glass surface , aiming for forensic purposes.
background : aging is an inevitable process for all living organisms.
four southern african medicinal plants ; clerodendrum glabrum , schotia brachypetala , psychotria capensis and peltophorum africanum , were investigated to assess their anti-aging properties.
radical scavenging activity was determined by the ability of the plant extracts to scavenge the abts• + radical.
results : the majority of the samples in the anti-elastase assay and nine in the anti-collagenase assay showed more than @percent@ inhibition.
the ethyl acetate extract of s. brachypetala bark and leaves of p. capensis inhibited elastase activity by more than @percent@.
p. africanum was the plant with the most promising activity and will be subjected to further testing and isolation of the active compound / s.
objective : clinic-based studies suggest that dementia is diagnosed at older ages in bilinguals compared with monolinguals.
spanish-english bilingualism was estimated via both self-report and an objective measure of english reading level.
over the course of the study , @number@ participants developed dementia.
cox regression was used to estimate the independent effect of bilingualism on dementia conversion.
covariates included country of origin , gender , education , time spent in the united states , recruitment cohort , and age at enrollment.
results : independent of the covariates , bilingualism was associated with better memory and executive function at baseline.
however , bilingualism was not independently associated with rates of cognitive decline or dementia conversion.
results were similar whether bilingualism was measured via self-report or an objective test of reading level.
conclusions : this study does not support a protective effect of bilingualism on age-related cognitive decline or the development of dementia.
objective : prior literature has identified inconsistent longitudinal associations between total cholesterol and cognitive decline.
linear models also revealed an association between lower total cholesterol and accelerated decline in visual memory performance.
conclusions : overall , results indicate nonlinear longitudinal relations of total cholesterol to cognitive decline.
the @number@ rostock symposium on systems biology and bioinformatics in aging research was again dedicated to dissecting the aging process using in silico means.
a particular focus was on ontologies , because these are a key technology to systematically integrate heterogeneous information about the aging process.
related topics were databases and data integration.
the increased morbidity and mortality due to infections among the elderly result from the age-associated decline of the body's defence systems.
changes in the nonspecific , i.e. innate immunity are not as strong as in the acquired , adaptive immunity.
especially t lymphocytes are functioning insufficiently : their reactivity towards their antigen diminishes and alterations take place in the proportions of their functional subgroups.
surprisingly , cytomegalovirus infection seems to be associated with these t cell alterations.
patients with haemophilia are growing older and may be faced with age-dependent co-morbidities.
this questionnaire was answered by @number@ individuals ( aged @number@ years , 21-85 years ) , predominantly suffering from severe haemophilia.
the majority of individuals considered the question of substitution of factor concentrates in case of bleeding as most important.
concerns were expressed regarding the financial situation and lack of medical care in higher age.
the results provide an insight into issues of growing age from the patient's perspective.
over the last @number@ years , major advances in the provision of services for frail older people in australasia have taken place.
this has been spurred on by the accumulation of the evidence for benefits of the multidisciplinary team model of comprehensive geriatric assessment and management.
these interventions will almost certainly include both medical and lifestyle strategies.
over the past three decades , the united nations ( un ) has slowly devoted increasing attention to global ageing.
pursuing these strategies would realise the aja's potential as a vehicle for promoting the exchange of multidisciplinary knowledge on ageing.
aims : the aim of this study was to identify seminal australasian journal on ageing papers published over @number@ years through a delphi consensus process.
results : three papers were agreed as top-ranking.
one of the top-ranking articles was also highly cited.
one article was published in the @number@ s , two in @number@
this article summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the presentations on helicobacter pylori at digestive disease week @number@
knowledge of this infection among the general population continues to be extremely limited.
h. pylori is the main cause of \ "aging \ " of the human stomach.
in developed countries , the prevalence of h. pylori infection has decreased but continues to be considerable.
in most countries , clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates are markedly high.
h. pylori eradication improves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia , but only in a minority of patients.
the frequency of idiopathic peptic ulcers seems to be rising and their prognosis is worse.
most patients with gastric cancer have , or have had , prior h. pylori infection.
the risk of developing preneoplastic lesions depends on the type ( strain ) of the microorganism.
to prevent the development of gastric cancer , eradication therapy should be administered early ( before the development of intestinal metaplasia ) .
among h. pylori-infected patients , those who receive long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors more frequently develop preneoplastic lesions.
in patients who undergo endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer , h. pylori eradication reduces the incidence of metachronous tumors.
several diagnostic innovations were presented , such as some polymerase chain reaction techniques for use in gastric biopsy specimens or gastric juice.
the efficacy of triple standard therapy is clearly inadequate.
the superiority of \ "sequential \ " therapy over standard triple therapy has not been definitively established.
\ "concomitant \ " therapy is more effective and is simpler than \ "sequential \ " therapy.
levofloxacin-based triple therapy is also a promising alternative after failure of \ "sequential \ " and \ "concomitant \ " therapies.
new-generation quinolones , such as moxifloxacin , could be useful as eradication therapy , especially as rescue therapy.
after failure of clarithromycin-based triple therapy , followed by that of levofloxacin-based triple therapy , a bismuth-based quadruple scheme is an acceptable alternative.
even after the failure of @number@ eradication therapies , a fourth empirical rescue therapy ( with rifabutin ) can be effective.
in addition , the importance of sugar to provide palatability to the diet is also revised and attempted.
background : the literature is inconsistent and inconclusive on the relationship between bone mineral density ( bmd ) and muscular strength in postmenopausal women.
objective : to evaluate the relationship between isokinetically and isometrically determined muscle strength and bmd in postmenopausal women of different age groups.
methods : healthy postmenopausal women ( n = @number@ mean age , @number@ ± @number@ years ) were enrolled in this study.
stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between bmd and strength measures , controlling for subject age and years since menopause.
conclusion : different optimal strength measurements were identified for different age groups.
age-appropriate testing mode can improve detection of osteoporotic fracture risk in early menopause by determining muscular strength reduction related to bmd loss.
this may enable early initiation of preventative therapies.
subjects ( 20-89 years ) were stratified by age into seven groups.
student's t-test and pearson's correlation coefficient ( r ) values were calculated.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) women and @number@ ( @percent@ ) men participated in the study.
ecd and cct correlated directly ( r = 0.232 , p < 0.01 ) .
the average size of corneal endothelial cells directly correlated with age ( r = 0.586 , p < 0.01 ) .
conclusion : young people have higher ecd.
cct also decreases , but its dependence on age is weaker.
a lower cell density indicates a thinner cornea.
the variation in cell size and percentage of regular hexagonal cells are not dependent on age.
peptic ulcer disease ( pud ) and gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) are not uncommon in elderly patients.
clinical presentations of these acid-related disorders may be atypical in the geriatric population.
older individuals are at increased risk for poor outcomes in complicated pud and for development of gerd complications.
effective management of pud in the geriatric population relies on identification and modification of treatable risk factors.
elderly patients with gerd often require long-term acid suppressive therapy.
potential safety concerns of long-term ppi use have been reported in the literature.
clinicians should balance the risks and benefits before committing elderly patients to long-term ppi therapy.
they , therefore , require reminders in a timely fashion while performing adls.
this is a very stressful situation for the caregivers of people with dementia.
five oawd along with their caregivers participated in this study which took place in a simulated-home setting.
the assistive robots designed for people with dementia mostly focus on companionship.
increased age detrimentally affects control of movement and stability , although the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits are not entirely understood.
in this study , younger and older subjects performed a static postural maintenance task with two types of directional force perturbations.
older individuals showed significantly less stiffness modification between the two perturbation conditions compared to the younger individuals , indicating less optimal modulation of arm impedance.
this impairment should be considered during motor control evaluation in older populations , whether it be activities of daily living or skill assessment.
an important index for evaluating walking ability is step length.
a key cause for a decrease in step length is the loss of muscle strength in the legs.
many researchers have designed and developed orthoses for walking assistance.
we employed a pneumatic artificial muscle as the actuator so that flexible assistance with low rigidity can be achieved.
to evaluate the performance of the system , we measured the effect of assistance quantitatively.
it is rarely seen in elderly males.
the most common cardiovascular involvement type is pericarditis.
anti-ro antibodies may be associated with neonatal lupus which causes heart blocks.
recent literature indicates that anti-ro antibodies may be associated with various rhythm and conduction disturbances in the adulthood.
the most common finding associated with anti-ro antibodies is prolonged corrected qt ( qtc ) interval.
herein , we present an elderly male patient with anti-ro-positive sle associated with prolonged qtc interval and av blocks that significantly improved after corticosteroid treatment.
elevation of amyloid β-peptide ( aβ ) is critically associated with alzheimer disease ( ad ) pathogenesis.
aβ-induced synaptic abnormalities , including altered receptor trafficking and synapse loss , have been linked to cognitive deficits in ad.
heterozygous deletion of synj1 protected neurons from aβ-induced synaptic loss and restored learning and memory in a mouse model of ad.
thus , inhibition of synj1 may ameliorate aβ-associated impairments , suggesting synj1 as a potential therapeutic target.
the assay displayed saturable kinetics and detected synj1's substrate preference for pi ( @number@ ) p2 over pi ( @number@ ) p3.
one hundred and twenty human third molars were sectioned in order to expose the dentin surface ( n = @number@ ) .
the specimens were etched with @percent@ phosphoric acid , washed , and dried with air.
single bond @number@ adhesive was applied and the samples were restored with a composite.
each tooth was sectioned in order to obtain @number@ sticks , which were submitted to microtensile bond strength test ( µtbs ) .
the two-way anova , showed no significant differences for the interaction between the factors and for the aging factor.
tukey @percent@ showed that the lc group had the lowest µtbs.
the rewetting with chlorhexidine negatively influenced the bond strength of the preparation with the er : yag laser.
the artificial saliva aging and thermocycling did not interfere with dentin bond strength.
we included @number@ studies ( two systematic reviews , @number@ quantitative studies , @number@ qualitative studies , and five mixed methods studies ) .
background : phototrichogram analysis of normal scalp hair characteristics in asian populations is not well characterized.
objective : to investigate the normal hair characteristics of south koreans using a phototrichogram.
methods : we enrolled @number@ males and @number@ females between the ages of @number@ and @number@
hair density , thickness and the white hair percentage were measured via phototrichogram.
results : the mean hair density , hair thickness , and the white hair percentages were not significantly different between genders at any scalp site.
the mean hair density and thickness were significantly different according to scalp sites.
hair density declined with age , especially at the peak between the top and back.
males and females showed different patterns of aging in hair density.
hair thickness changed little with age.
mean hair thickness generally tended to increase until the 20s , reach a plateau between the 20s and 50s , and decrease after the 50s.
the mean white hair percentages were @number@ ± @percent@ in males and @number@ ± @percent@ in females.
the mean white hair percentages were significantly increased in subjects over @number@ years of age.
conclusion : we described the normal characteristics and aging patterns of scalp hair in a korean population.
glucose metabolism produces , by oxidative phosphorylation , more than @number@ times the amount of energy generated by aerobic glycolysis.
nonetheless , aerobic glycolysis remains a prevalent metabolic pathway in the brain.
here we review evidence suggesting that this pathway contributes essential molecules to the biomass of the brain.
furthermore , aerobic metabolism may continue into adulthood to supply biomolecules for activity-related changes at the synapse and turnover of constituent structural components of neurons.
we present the case for differing relationships between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation across primates in association with species-specific variation in neurodevelopmental trajectories.
the aim of this study was thus to replicate and further elucidate the effect of common genetic variation in wnt16 on osteoporosis related parameters.
this study confirmed previously reported associations for rs3801387 and rs2707466 with bone mineral density ( bmd ) at several sites.
furthermore , we additionally demonstrated that rs2908007 is strongly associated with bmd at several sites in the young , elderly and complete oas population.
additionally , we performed re-sequencing of wnt16 on two cohorts selected from the young oas cohort , based on their extreme bmd values.
on this basis , rs55710688 was selected for an in vitro translation experiment since it is located in the kozak sequence of wnt16a.
this observation is in line with the results of the wnt16 ( - / - ) mice.
finally , a wnt luciferase reporter assay was performed and showed no activation of the β-catenin dependent pathway by wnt16.
we did detect a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of wnt16 on wnt1 activation of this canonical wnt pathway.
increased translation of wnt16 can thus lead to an increased inhibitory action of wnt16 on canonical wnt signaling.
goal-directed behavior requires that cognitive operations can be protected from emotional distraction induced by task-irrelevant emotional stimuli.
the brain processes involved in attending to relevant information while filtering out irrelevant information are still largely unknown.
a similar performance benefit was also demonstrated for recognition memory performance , although for positive pictures only.
the present results provide initial insights into the behavioral and neural consequences of instructed attention and emotional distraction during wm encoding.
aging has been associated with adverse fibrosis.
@number@ ) tgf-β promotes expression of nanog , a transcription factor that retains msc in a primitive state.
elevated mcp-1 levels that originated from msc attract transendothelial migration of mononuclear leukocytes from blood to the tissue.
both myeloid and mesenchymal fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in the aging heart via collagen synthesis.
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "myocyte-fibroblast signalling in myocardium \ ".
purpose of review : late-life depression ( lld ) presents in older adults as a heterogeneous mood disorder.
recent findings : lld is associated with brain changes , including atrophy of hippocampus , independent of other neurodegenerative states.
white matter lesions ( wmls ) are frequently found in patients with lld.
functional imaging has revealed both distinct characteristics of lld and overlap of some cognitive symptoms with other dementias.
recent findings : recent findings challenge the established link between neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration and age-related or disease-related cognitive decline.
studies suggesting that imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration are independent of amyloid-β give rise to new hypothesis regarding the pathological cascade in alzheimer's disease.
objectives : whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the rate of cognitive decline among older adults is not clear.
the purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in cognitive decline among racial and ethnic older adults.
method : data were from the health and retirement study , waves 1998-2010.
cognition was examined using a combined score from word recall , serial @number@'s , backward counting , and naming tasks.
to determine changes in cognition across @number@ years , we utilized mixed effects models.
studies often involve small numbers of subjects , and design may be sub-optimal in other respects.
in addition , comet assay protocols in use in different laboratories vary significantly.
with this as its major objective , the comnet project has recruited almost @number@ research groups willing to share datasets.
here we provide a background to this project , discussing the history of the comet assay and practical issues that can critically affect its performance.
we examine in depth the quality of data from a random selection of studies , from an epidemiological and statistical point of view.
it has been suggested that human mitochondrial variants influence maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2max ) .
whether mitochondrial respiratory capacity per mitochondrion ( intrinsic activity ) in human skeletal muscle is affected by differences in mitochondrial variants is not known.
intrinsic mitochondrial function is calculated as mitochondrial oxphos capacity divided by mitochondrial content ( cs ) .
haplogroup h showed a @percent@ higher intrinsic mitochondrial function compared with the other haplo group u. there was no relationship between haplogroups and vo2max.
in skeletal muscle from men with mitochondrial haplogroup h , an increased intrinsic mitochondrial function is present.
although aging is associated with a decline in bone formation in humans , the molecular pathways contributing to this decline remain unclear.
our findings thus indicate that despite increases in circulating sclerostin levels , bone sclerostin mrna levels do not increase in elderly women.
however , aging is associated with alterations in several key pathways and genes in humans that may contribute to the observed impairment in bone formation.
these include notch signaling , which represents a potential therapeutic target for increasing bone formation in humans.
to date , no study has investigated the association between rare mutations of trem2 and load risk in non-european population.
here , we sequenced exon2 of trem2 in the northern han chinese population consisting of @number@ patients with load and @number@ control subjects.
o-glcnacylation is dynamic and a ubiquitous post-translational modification.
o-glcnacylated proteins influence fundamental functions of proteins such as protein-protein interactions , altering protein stability , and changing protein activity.
diverse cellular signaling systems are involved in pathogenesis of these diseases.
o-glcnacylated proteins occur in many different tissues and cellular compartments and affect specific cell signaling.
this review focuses on the o-glcnacylation in basic cellular functions and human diseases.
one of the best examples of a gene that positively influences cognitive health is the apolipoprotein ( apoe ) ɛ2 allele.
this review describes the effects of apoe ɛ2 on the structure and function of the brain.
understanding the mechanisms that underlie the association between apoe ɛ2 , cognition and longevity may provide new targets for research on promoting life-long health.
these hypotheses are anchored by studies of healthy older individuals where age is presumed the sole influence.
unfortunately , advancing age is also associated with asymptomatic brain white matter injury.
we tested young and cognitively healthy older adults on search tasks indexing speed and attentional control.
increasing age was associated with generally slowed performance.
wmh were also associated with slowed search times independent of processing speed differences.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in foot kinematics between young and older adults during walking using a multi-segment foot model.
effect sizes ( cohen's d ) for the differences were also computed.
walking speed did not influence these differences , as they remained present when groups walked at comparable speeds.
the maintenance of protein solubility is a fundamental aspect of cellular homeostasis because protein aggregation is associated with a wide variety of human diseases.
a crucial question in this context is why only certain proteins appear to aggregate readily in vivo , whereas others do not.
we identify here the proteins most vulnerable to aggregation as those whose cellular concentrations are high relative to their solubilities.
consequently , such cellular processes become dysfunctional when the ability to keep intrinsically supersaturated proteins soluble is compromised.
thus , the simultaneous analysis of abundance and solubility can rationalize the diverse cellular pathologies linked to neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
two samples of infants are included : those at low- and high-risk for asd.
these results will provide a useful point of reference for future developmental cognitive neuroscience research targeting both typical development and vulnerable populations.
the heads of @number@ japanese cadavers ( @number@ male cadavers , @number@ female cadavers ) autopsied in our department were used in this research.
a total of @number@ cranial samples , four from each skull , were collected.
sample fracture load was measured by a bending test.
a statistically significant negative correlation between the sample fracture load and cadaver age was found.
significant negative correlations between cadaver age and sample thickness , st / cs , and the sample density were observed only among the female samples.
computerized tomographic ( ct ) images of @number@ cranial samples were available.
significant negative correlation between cadaver age and the ct value or cortical bone thickness was observed only among the female samples.
these findings suggest that the skull is substantially affected by decreased bone metabolism resulting from osteoporosis.
patients and methods : participants included @number@ individuals aged @number@ to @number@ years enrolled in the population-based mayo clinic study of aging.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was identified by the review of medical records.
the study was conducted from @date@ , through @date@ .
the associations of copd and disease duration with mci and its subtypes were evaluated by using logistic regression models adjusted for potential covariates.
results : of @number@ participants , @number@ had copd ( men vs women : @percent@ vs @percent@ ; p < .001 ) .
conclusion : this population-based study suggests that copd is associated with increased odds of having mci and its subtypes.
there was a dose-response relationship with the duration of copd after controlling for the potential covariates.
a new framework is proposed for the interpretation of spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity data and the general concept of baroreflex resetting.
to elucidate age and sex differences in fap , we investigated biochemical characteristics of amyloid deposits in different tissue sites of fap by proteomic analysis.
in addition , we demonstrated age-related significantly increased wt ttr deposits , but not variant ttr deposits , in cardiac tissues of male patients.
taken together , these data suggest that both age and sex differences affect cardiac amyloid formation , mainly derived from wt ttr , in fap.
objective : systemic low graded inflammation has been identified as a possible biological pathway in late-life depression.
identification of inflammatory markers and their association with characteristics of depression is essential with the aim to improve diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
methods : baseline data were obtained from a well-characterized prospective cohort study of @number@ depressed and @number@ non-depressed older persons ( ≥60years ) .
potential determinants of plasma ngal included sociodemographic characteristics , lifestyle and psychiatric and physical comorbidity.
results : plasma ngal concentrations were significantly associated with age , male gender , smoking and waist circumference.
adjusted for these determinants , depressed patients had significantly higher ngal plasma levels compared to non-depressed comparison group.
subjects with a recurrent depression had higher plasma ngal levels compared to those with a first episode.
ngal levels were neither related with specific symptom profiles of depression nor with antidepressant drug use.
this study examined the association between inflammation and both t2dm and elevated depressive symptoms.
methods : baseline data were analyzed from @number@ adults , aged 70-79 , participating in the health , aging , and body composition study.
diabetes was assessed per self-report , medication use , fasting glucose and / or glucose tolerance tests.
elevated depressive symptoms were categorized using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ( cut-score≥20 ) .
log-transformed il-6 , tnf-α , and crp were analyzed using ancova.
no association was observed for tnf-α.
conclusions : these findings provide evidence that inflammation is associated with t2dm and elevated depressive symptoms.
participants with t2dm + dep demonstrated the highest il-6 levels compared to all other groups.
further investigation into these associations could aid in understanding the biological pathways underlying both t2dm and depressive symptoms.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : community-based sample.
intervention ( s ) : none.
main outcome measure ( s ) : amh level.
the amh levels were higher among african american compared with latina and chinese women at older ages.
changes in personality and judgment in dementia raise both practical and philosophic problems concerning personal identity.
caring for persons with alzheimer's disease presents neurologists with ethical challenges.
potentially discordant single-base substitutions supported by both platforms were validated extensively by sanger , roche @number@ and ion torrent sequencing.
putative somatic variation between the 40-year-old twins was not confirmed in the validation phase.
the literature on patient-physician interactions has largely ignored the perspectives of older adults with multiple morbidities.
our findings suggest that elderly patients with multiple morbidities perceive that their health needs are not being adequately met.
included were @number@ al residents from @number@ facilities.
research nurses completed interrai-al resident assessments and interviewed family caregivers and administrators.
predictors of placement were identified with multivariable cox proportional hazards models.
the cumulative incidence of ltc admission was @number@ per cent by @number@ months.
our findings highlight clinical and policy areas where targeted interventions may delay ltc admissions.
background : healthy older adults report greater well-being and life satisfaction than their younger counterparts.
one potential explanation for this is enhanced optimism.
we tested the influence of age on optimistic and pessimistic beliefs about the future and the associated structural neural correlates.
conclusions : we show a greater update bias in healthy older age.
the link between this bias and relative volume of the acc suggests a shared mechanism with an age-related positivity bias.
older adults frequently have to make important decisions relating to personal , health and financial issues.
our findings have wider behavioural implications in these contexts because an enhanced optimistic update bias may skew such real-world decision making.
objectives : the increasing number of older adults with dementia is a large and growing public health problem.
alzheimer's disease , the prevailing form of dementia , is projected to quadruple worldwide.
to date , the care and social integration of individuals with dementia is complicated by limited collaborations between biomedicine and other disciplines.
results : the care of individuals with dementia compels solid interdisciplinary collaborations.
this interdisciplinary dialogue would facilitate a process of self-reflection within biomedicine.
principal components analysis , reliability analyses , and content validity were analyzed on the scale.
the scale had a cronbach's alpha of.90.
the results support that the scale is a valid and reliable measure for determing gender satisfaction.
further work is needed to test the scale in diversified samples.
background : breast anthropometric morphology affects various factors with diverse physiognomy , making accurate measurements very difficult.
subjects and methods : in total , @number@ parameters of breast were measured with participants in a standing position.
breast volume was also assessed.
results : the mean values of the right and left breast volumes were calculated as @number@.0±342.5 ml and @number@.3±347.2 ml , respectively.
no asymmetric differences were observed between each breast , except for nipple-inframammary fold length in 20-30-year-old women and upper arm length in 41-50-year-old women.
conclusions : in conclusion , age , weight , and bmi are important factors in determining breast anthropometry in our study.
energy-related emergencies , such as power outages or interruptions to other energy supplies , can arise from a number of factors.
energy assurance recognizes that power loss / disruption cannot be eradicated completely , but jurisdictions can mitigate the impact of power loss through effective planning.
to provide context , a recently conducted statutory gap analysis analyzing national emergency backup power trends is provided as a case study.
a summary of this project and key findings is included.
twenty composite resin cylinders were bonded to each group with panavia f @number@
statistical analyses with two-way anova were conducted ; the level of significance was set at p < @number@
results : at @number@ h , the shear bond strength values of all groups except the control showed no statistically significant difference.
after artificial aging , the mean bond strength of all groups dropped , but the decrease in the glaze group was not statistically significant.
the glaze group showed the highest shear bond strength.
however , that was not statistically different from the liner or the rocatec group without ultrasonic cleaning ( p < @number@ ) .
all the control specimens debonded spontaneously after aging.
ultrasonic cleaning after rocatec treatment caused a reduction in shear bond strength , but the difference was not statistically significant.
objectives : to examine the association between snoring and incident cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
cox proportional hazard was used to estimate the risk of incident cardiovascular disease during follow-up by baseline snoring and sleepiness status.
results : a total of @number@ participants with a mean age of @number@ ( @number@ ) years at baseline were included in the analysis.
fifty-two percent were women , and @percent@ were white.
a total of @number@ participants developed cvd events during the follow-up period.
conclusion : the results suggest that self-reported snoring and daytime sleepiness status are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease among older adults.
design : a prospective cohort study with assessment of sleep disturbance and depression at baseline and across @number@ years of follow-up.
setting : three urban communities in the united states.
measurements and results : major depression at year @number@ defined by the structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
of the older adults who were never mentally ill developed a depression.
conclusions : persistent sleep disturbance during a year-long period is associated with depression the following year.
study objectives : sleep deprivation and daytime somnolence impair numerous aspects of physical , cognitive , and memory performance.
however , most studies examining the effect of somnolence on brain function focus on acute sleep restriction in young adults.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : outpatient research at the massachusetts general hospital.
participants : young ( n = @number@ ) and elderly ( n = @number@ ) healthy , cognitively normal volunteers.
interventions : none.
there was no difference in the slope of this relationship between young adults and elderly subjects.
no other cortical networks were correlated with daytime sleepiness.
daytime sleepiness and dmn connectivity were not related to sex , brain structure , or body mass index.
this association is important to consider in any study using dmn connectivity as a biomarker.
additionally , these results may help identify those subjects at risk for future memory decline.
we identified genes previously unknown to be involved in cag- / polyq-related pathogenesis that function in multiple dna damage repair systems.
we revealed that atxn1 actually interacted with rpa1 and its essential partners brca1 / 2.
furthermore , mutant but not normal atxn1 impaired the dynamics of rpa1 in the nucleus after dna damage.
uptake of brdu by purkinje cells was observed in mutant atxn1 knockin mice , suggesting their abnormal entry to the s-phase.
in addition , chemical and genetic inhibitions of chk1 elongated lifespan and recovered eye degeneration.
collectively , we elucidated core networks for dna damage repair in sca1 that might include the aberrant usage of hr.
design : we conducted a cross-sectional study in @number@ adult males and females , between @number@ and @number@ years.
after an overnight fasting , serum levels of bioactive igf1 , total igf1 and igf-binding protein @number@ ( igfbp1 ) and igfbp3 were assessed.
furthermore , body composition and muscle strength was measured.
results : total igf1 levels were higher in females ( p = 0.048 ) .
bioactive igf1 were identical in males and females ( p = 0.31 ) , decreasing with age.
total igf1 tended to decrease more with age compared with bioactive igf1 ( @number@ vs @number@ percent / year , p = 0.052 ) .
in multiple linear regression , only age predicted total igf1 , whereas age and igfbp1 predicted bioactive igf1.
therefore , levels of circulating bioactive igf1 does not appear to be a better biomarker of physiological ageing than total igf1.
objective : the aim of this study was to estimate prevalence and patterns of lifetime alcohol misuse.
method : this was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of @number@ individuals aged @number@ or more.
structured interview included sociodemographic , lifestyle , health data , and the five alcohol misuse screening questions of the self-reporting questionnaire.
results : prevalence of misuse was @percent@.
men , aged @number@ to @number@ low educational level , separated / divorced , and tobacco smoking were independently associated with lifetime alcohol misuse.
odds ratios show increasing association with levels of alcohol misuse groups in males , low-educated , and tobacco users.
persons aged @number@ to @number@ @number@ to @number@ education years , and non-white ethnicity were significantly associated with the major alcohol misuse score.
discussion : younger elderly were more exposed to alcohol than previous cohorts.
thus , problems with alcohol in old age will possibly increase as they grow older.
the results of this study call attention to a field of lacking evidence in alcohol-related problems of older persons.
background and objectives : kidney disease is associated with physiologic changes that may predispose to frailty.
design , setting , participants , & measurements : chs enrolled community-dwelling adults age ≥65 years between 1989-1990 and 1992-1993.
to examine incident frailty , included were a subset of @number@ participants without baseline frailty or development of exclusion criteria during follow-up.
the primary predictor was estimated gfr ( egfr ) calculated using serum cystatin c ( egfr ( cys ) ) .
secondary analyses examined egfr using serum creatinine ( egfr ( scr ) ) .
outcomes were prevalent frailty and incident frailty at @number@ years of follow-up.
frailty was ascertained on the basis of weight loss , exhaustion , weakness , slowness , and low physical activity.
among participants with an egfr ( cys ) < 45 ml / min per @number@ m ( @number@ ) , @percent@ had prevalent frailty.
lower levels of egfr ( scr ) were not associated with higher risk of prevalent or incident frailty.
these findings highlight the importance of considering non-gfr determinants of kidney function.
this crosssectional study included @number@ patients recruited in the outpatient geriatric setting.
@number@ subjects reported levothyroxine use and were evaluated separately.
cognition was assessed using the mini mental state depressive symptoms that were assessed using the geriatric depression scale or cornell scale for depression in dementia.
this putative protective effect of sch was not found in subjects aged < 85 years.
mantle cell lymphoma is a distinct subtype of b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma , accounting for 3-10 % of all non-hodgkin lymphoma cases.
the median age at diagnosis is nearly @number@ years.
treatment of elderly patients with de novo untreated mantle cell lymphoma is based on rituximab combined with chemotherapy.
the most commonly used regimen is the classical chop21 ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine and prednisone ) regimen.
bendamustine is also an option , especially for patients with cardiac comorbidities.
these drugs are often combined with rituximab and can be prescribed in combination with chemotherapy.
promising new drugs are bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase ( pi3k ) -mtor-protein kinase b ( akt ) pathway.
despite these new advances , mantle cell lymphoma remains an incurable disease , and further basic and clinical research is warranted.
the c-abl non-receptor tyrosine kinase and the p53 tumor suppressor protein are pivotal modulators of cellular responses to dna damage.
here , we demonstrate that c-abl tyrosine kinase regulates p53-dependent induction of p21.
as a result , it modulates cell fate decision by p53 in response to dna damage differently according to the extent of dna damage.
when human cancer cells were treated with dna damaging agent , adriamycin ( @number@ μg / ml ) , p21 was induced following p53 induction.
accordingly , g2-arrest , and cellular senescence largely dependent on p21 were substantially abrogated.
we speculate this is due to abrogation of p53-dependent p21 induction , which leads to elimination of anti-apoptotic function of p21.
in summary , c-abl appears to promote senescence or inhibit apoptosis , depending on the extent of dna damage.
background : the osseous morphology of the patellofemoral joint is an independent factor that affects the biomechanics of patellofemoral instability.
materials and methods : this study was approved by the institutional review board and was hipaa-compliant.
we compared measurements to published values for patellofemoral instability.
results : the osseous patellofemoral joint morphology measurements were all within a normal range.
there were no significant correlations between mr osseous measurements and age , gender or physeal patency.
conclusion : during skeletal maturation , age and gender do not affect the osseous morphology or congruency of the patellofemoral joint.
the retinoblastoma @number@ ( rb1 ) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and development.
cre-induced dna recombination occurred in all enteric glia and most small bowel myenteric neurons , yet phenotypic effects of rb1 loss were cell-type specific.
enteric glia were twice as abundant in mutant mice compared with those in control animals , while myenteric neuron number was normal.
parallel studies in vitro found that exogenous no and rb1 shrna increased ens precursor dna replication and nuclear size.
these findings reveal a role for rb1 in the ens.
the authors examined the self-adhesive resin composite cements without ( @number@ ) and with ( @number@ ) the use of a ceramic primer.
the authors analyzed data by using descriptive statistics , the mann-whitney test , the kruskal-wallis test and a χ ( @number@ ) test.
results : application of a ceramic primer did not result in a negative impact on sbs.
they observed predominantly adhesive failures.
conclusions : ceramic primer in combination with self-adhesive resin composite cement demonstrated a positive effect on sbs to zirconia and should be used for cementation.
practical implications : long-term adhesion to ceramic plays an important role in the longevity of dental restorations.
therefore , the authors recommend that clinicians use a ceramic primer when cementing zirconia restorations.
recent epidemiological investigations have highlighted the high prevalence of vestibular dysfunctions in the adult population and its association with aging.
this theme should target a broad audience ranging from ent clinicians to scientists , including pharmacologists and pharmacists.
however , latinas are a heterogeneous group with individuals having different proportions of european , indigenous american , and african genetic ancestry.
women were followed for an average of @number@ years during which @number@ died from breast cancer.
this was also reflected by kaplan-meier survival estimates ( p for log-rank test of @number@ ) .
cyclophilin a ( cypa ) is a ubiquitously distributed protein belonging to the immunophilin family.
cypa has peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase ( ppiase ) activity , which regulates protein folding and trafficking.
current research in animal models and humans has provided compelling evidences supporting the critical function of cypa in several human diseases.
oral conjugated equine estrogens ( cee ) are the most used estrogen formulation for postmenopausal hormone therapy either alone or in combination with a progestin.
cee is most commonly used for the management of early menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes , vaginitis , insomnia , and mood disturbances.
there appears to be a common mechanism through which estrogens can protect against cvd and ad.
cee is a natural formulation of an extract prepared from pregnant mares ' urine.
the ring b unsaturated estrogens are formed by an alternate steroidogenic pathway in which cholesterol is not an obligatory intermediate.
both the route of administration and structure of these estrogens play a role in the overall pharmacology of cee.
all estrogen components of cee are antioxidants , and some ring b unsaturated estrogens have several fold greater antioxidant activity than estrone and 17β-estradiol.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' menopause'.
obesity , together with aging and injury , is among the main risk factors for osteoarthritis.
thus , osteoarthritis may have a systemic metabolic component.
evidence from both epidemiological and biological studies support the concept of metabolic osteoarthritis , defined as a broad clinical phenotype that includes obesity-related osteoarthritis.
thus , osteoarthritis can be related to metabolic syndrome or to an accumulation of metabolic abnormalities.
both in vitro and in vitro findings indicate a deleterious effect of lipid and glucose abnormalities on cartilage homeostasis.
chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature shared by osteoarthritis and metabolic disorders and may contribute to the genesis of both.
the population attempting pregnancy and having babies is ageing.
gynaecological and obstetric complications worsen with age.
maternity services are struggling.
increasing rates of infertility and complications are not matched by the marvels in the laboratory.
this paper argues that assisted reproduction treatment has had a damaging social impact.
despite its public acclaim , it helps few and fails many more.
in receiver operating characteristics analyses , bfcs volume provided significantly more accurate classification into amyloid-negative and -positive categories than hippocampus volume.
our findings suggest that bfcs atrophy is more closely associated with cortical amyloid burden than hippocampus atrophy in predementia ad.
these data suggest that regions affected by α-synuclein pathology may display enhanced vulnerability and cell loss if cu-dependent protective mechanisms are compromised.
additional investigation of copper pathology in pd may identify novel targets for the development of protective therapies for this disorder.
objective : the aim of this study was to assess the association between frailty and risk for heart failure ( hf ) in older adults.
background : frailty is common in the elderly and is associated with adverse health outcomes.
impact of frailty on hf risk is not known.
results : mean age of participants was @number@ ± @number@ years ; @percent@ were men and @percent@ were white.
during a median follow up of @number@ ( @date@ @number@ ) years , @number@ participants developed hf.
results were comparable across age , sex , and race , and in sub-groups based on diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease at baseline.
conclusions : frailty is independently associated with risk of hf in older adults.
gait and cognitive impairments in older adults can reflect the simultaneous existence of two syndromes that affect certain brain substrates and pathologies.
nutritional deficiencies , which are extremely common among elderly population worldwide , have potential to impact the existence and rehabilitation of both syndromes.
periosteum comprises a cellular cambium layer directly apposing the outer surface of bone and an outer fibrous layer encompassed by the surrounding soft tissues.
the major and minor centroidal axes ( ca ) serve as automated reference points in cross-sections of cadaveric mid-diaphyseal femora and tibiae.
these significant intraindividual differences do not translate to significant interindividual differences.
further , mid-diaphyseal periosteal measures including cambium and fibrous layer thickness and cellularity do not correlate significantly with age or body mass.
ifn-γ plays an indirect anti-cancer role through the immune system but may have direct negative effects on cancer cells.
it regulates the viability of gastric cancer cells , so we examined whether it affects their proliferation and how that might be brought about.
we exposed ags , hgc-27 and ges-1 gastric cancer cell lines to ifn-γ and found significantly reduced colony formation ability.
flow cytometry revealed no effect of ifn-γ on apoptosis of cell lines and no effect on cell aging as assessed by β-gal staining.
finally , flow cytometry revealed that ifn-γ arrested the cells in the g1 / s phase.
ifn-γ may slow proliferation of some gastric cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle to play a negative role in the development of gastric cancer.
mild cognitive impairment is the term applied to the cognitive state that lies between normal aging and dementia.
there has been significant controversy around describing , defining and characterizing mild cognitive impairment.
this review will cover current understanding of the condition and discuss clinical features , research strategies and future directions.
charcot-marie-tooth disease type 1a ( cmt1a ) is a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy linked with duplication of the peripheral myelin protein @number@ ( pmp22 ) gene.
moreover , cytosolic chaperones are consistently elevated in nerves from neuropathic mice , with the most prominent change in hsp70.
the gradual alterations in protein homoeostatic response are accompanied by schwann cell de-differentiation and macrophage infiltration.
the age-related changes for controlling grip force in adults who practice regular and supervised physical activity have not been investigated.
the grip force and the object's acceleration were recorded and used to calculate the parameters of grip force control.
the levels of daily physical activities were also examined in all age groups.
there were no differences in grip force control between the age groups.
results : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients were definitely diagnosed as sle according to both @number@ and @number@ acr classification criteria.
there were @number@ males and @number@ females , aging from @number@ to @number@ years and with an average of ( @number@ ± @time@ ) years.
the @number@ cases had multiple-system involvements , mainly the renal system.
conclusion : nephritis with mainly igan deposits , as an atypical ln , may be a special subtype of sle.
the intraindividual variability ( iiv ) of cognitive performance has been shown to increase with aging.
while brain research has generally focused on mean performance , little is known about neural correlates of cognitive iiv.
nevertheless , some studies suggest that iiv relates more strongly than mean level of performance to the quality of white matter ( wm ) .
for both methods , fractional anisotropy , along with the mean , radial , and axial diffusivity parameters , was computed.
in accord with previous studies , our results showed that the dti parameters were more related to iiv than to mean performance.
background : there is a growing body of literature indicating that attitudes toward aging significantly affect older adults ' psychological well-being.
however , there is a paucity of scientific investigations examining the role of older adults ' attitudes toward aging on their spouses ' psychological well-being.
therefore , the present study aimed to examine the dyadic effects of attitude toward aging on the psychological well-being of older couples.
an actor-partner interdependence model using amos version @number@ ( europress software , cheshire , uk ) was used to analyze the dyadic data.
husbands ' and wives ' own reports of their attitudes toward aging were significantly correlated with their own and their spouses ' psychological well-being.
the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
adult neurogenesis is modulated by a balance of extrinsic signals and intrinsic responses that maintain production of new granule cells in the hippocampus.
we tested this hypothesis using a bigenic mouse in which transgenic expression of app was restricted to mature projection neurons.
these mice allowed us to examine how wild-type neural progenitor cells responded to high levels of aβ released from neighboring granule neurons.
we have entered a new era in understanding degenerative aortic stenosis in elderly patients.
\ "paradoxical \ " low-flow , low-gradient stenosis has a dismal prognosis in spite of a normal left ventricular ejection fraction.
new measures of aortic flow and the response of the left ventricle provide new insights into the treatment of patients with this condition.
therefore our objective was to study the association between rev-erb-alpha1 rs2314339 and obesity in two independent populations.
methods and results : participants were @number@ subjects from spanish mediterranean ( n = @number@ ) and north american ( n = @number@ ) populations.
anthropometric , biochemical , dietary , and genotype analyses were performed.
there were consistent associations between rev-erb-alpha1 genotype and obesity-related traits ( p < @number@ ) .
energy intake was not significantly associated with rev-erb-alpha1 rs2314339.
however , physical activity significantly differed by genotype.
a significant interaction between the rev-erb-alpha1 variant and ( mufa ) intake for obesity was also detected in the mediterranean population.
conclusion : this new discovery highlights the importance of rev-erb-alpha1 in obesity and provides evidence for the connection between our biological clock and obesity-related traits.
study question : do advanced glycation end products ( ages ) and their receptors play a role in female reproduction ?
summary answer : ages might contribute to the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) and infertility.
what is known already : the endogenous ages are produced in the body by chemical reactions.
exogenous sources of ages are diet and smoking.
abstracts of annual meetings of the endocrine society and american society for reproductive medicine were also reviewed.
participants / materials , setting , methods : a total of @number@ publications and scientific abstracts were identified from the initial search.
sixty-two papers and four published scientific abstracts were selected for full review.
additionally , irregular ovarian age signaling might in part explain the abnormal ovarian histology observed in women with pcos.
limitations , reasons for caution : the body of literature currently available limits these findings.
the results obtained from granulosa cell lines and animal models may not fully extrapolate to humans.
age inhibitors might present an emerging therapeutic approach with significant applications in the context of pcos and infertility.
no competing interests.
telomeres use distinct mechanisms ( not used by arms or centromeres ) to mediate cohesion between sister chromatids.
however , the motivation for a specialized mechanism at telomeres is not well understood.
regardless of the method of induction , excess cohesion at telomeres in mitosis prevents a robust and efficient anaphase.
sa1- or tin2-induced excess cohesion and anaphase delay can be rescued by overexpression of tankyrase @number@
our study demonstrates that there are opposing forces that regulate telomere cohesion.
this attempt to deal with telomere damage may be ultimately futile for aging fibroblasts but useful for cancer cells.
disabling headache disorders are ubiquitous in all age groups , including the elderly , yet they are under-recognized , underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide.
surveys and clinic-based research reports on headache disorders in elderly populations are extremely limited in number.
cdh can be divided into two forms , based on headache duration.
these include chronic migraine , chronic tension-type headache , new daily persistent headache , and hemicrania continua.
rarer short-duration ( < 4 hours ) forms of cdh are chronic cluster headache , chronic paroxysmal hemicrania , sunct , and hypnic headache.
objective : to compare the characteristics of trauma in the elderly under and over 80-years-old.
methods : we conducted a retrospective analysis of protocols of blunt trauma victims aged over @number@ years.
individuals aged between @number@ and @number@ years were included in group i , those aged @number@ years or greater in group ii.
statistical analysis was performed using the student t , chi-square and fisher tests , considering p < 0.05 as significant.
results : the study included @number@ patients ( group i-149 , group ii-132 ) .
the age ranged between @number@ and @number@ years ( @number@ + @number@ years ) , with @percent@ male.
conclusion : trauma in the elderly is a serious public health problem , with a tendency to progressive worsening with population aging.
data from this study help us with a clearer picture of trauma in the over-80 elders , a subgroup that deserves special attention.
background : aging leads to low functional capacity and this can be reversed by safe and adequate exercise prescription.
a secondary aim was to assess the degree of agreement between methods for at determination.
method : fourteen healthy men ( @number@.4±6.3 years ) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing ( cpx ) on a cycle ergometer until physical exhaustion.
biological signals collected during cpx included : ventilatory and metabolic variables ; spectroscopy quasi-infrared rays - nirs ; and hr through a cardio-frequency meter.
in addition , by the bland-altman plot , hr confirmed good agreement between the methods with biases between @number@ and @number@ beats per minute.
thus , these results support hr as valid and readily available parameter in determining at in healthy elderly men.
nkcc1 levels and functionality are altered in certain disease states , and tend to decline with age.
a sensitive , effective way of regulating nkcc1 protein expression has significant biotherapeutic possibilities.
the purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the naturally occurring hormone aldosterone ( ald ) could regulate nkcc1 protein expression.
utilization of a specific inhibitor of mineralocorticoid receptors , eplerenone , implicated these receptors as part of the ald mechanism of action.
study design : retrospective.
objective : to assess radiation exposure time during robot-guided vertebral body augmentation compared with other published findings.
radiation exposure leads to higher cancer rates among orthopedic and spine surgeons and patients.
the age of patients was in the range from @number@ to @number@ ( mean , @number@ yr ) .
one to @number@ vertebrae were augmented per case ( average @number@ ) .
twenty-five patients had osteoporotic fractures and @number@ had pathological fractures.
robotic guidance data included execution rate , accuracy of guidance , total surgical time , and time required for robotic guidance.
radiation time per level and surgeon's exposure were calculated.
results : kyphoplasty was performed in @number@ patients ( @number@ sacroplasty ) , vertebroplasty in @number@ and intravertebral expanding implants in @number@
the average preoperative computed tomographic effective dose was @number@ msv ( 18-81 ) .
average operative time was @number@ minutes ( 49-350 ) .
mean robotic guidance took @number@ minutes.
average operative radiation time was @number@ seconds per level ( 33-160 ) .
average exposure time of the surgeons and the operating room staff per augmented level was @number@ seconds.
the execution rate was @percent@ , with an accuracy of @percent@.
two complications ( hemothorax and superficial wound infection ) occurred.
level of evidence : @number@
the women's health initiative ( whi ) assessed the long-term effects of hormone therapy ( ht ) in postmenopausal women.
the whi started ht treatment on women aged 50-79 years in order to ascertain these effects.
an increased risk of thromboembolic complications was also demonstrated in the estrogen only component of the whi.
the whi results were initially reported for all subjects , and showed little difference when data were not analyzed by age.
in hysterectomized women treated with estrogen only , a reduction in breast cancer risk was noted in all age groups.
the whi raised many important questions.
ten years later , some have been answered , including confirmation that ht for most newly menopausal women is safe and effective.
the treatment of the aging woman , including hormone treatment after menopause , should remain one of our highest research priorities.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' menopause'.
objective : the prevalence of chronic heart failure ( chf ) in the elderly population is growing.
identification of risk factors in patients with chf is important.
recent studies suggest that red cell distribution width ( rdw ) has prognostic significance in these patients.
we aimed to evaluate the relationship of rdw with clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with young and elderly chf patients.
methods : we evaluated patients with chf with an ejection fraction ( ef ) of < 50% in this observational cross-sectional study.
exclusion criteria were decompensated chf , malignancy and end-stage renal disease.
clinical information , functional capacity ( fc ) , hemoglobin , rdw , ef , and pro-b type natriuretic peptide ( probnp ) were recorded.
the younger and elderly groups were compared and correlation of rdw with clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed in each group.
ordinal regression analysis was performed to determine independent correlates of increased fc.
results : seventy young and @number@ elderly cases were enrolled.
the groups were similar regarding ef , probnp and fc.
conclusion : we found a stronger correlation between rdw and ef , probnp and fc in the younger patients compared the elderly group.
rdw is a simple , inexpensive and easily accessible parameter that may be considered risk predictor especially in younger patients with chf.
methods : a total of @number@ patients underwent mr imaging of the inner ear at 3t.
we retrospectively analyzed data from @number@ ears.
all ears had normal hearing and no history of ipsilateral facial palsy.
parasagittal images of @number@.5-mm thickness perpendicular to the internal auditory canal were reconstructed from @number@.4-mm thick axial 3d-ciss images for all ears.
for each measurement , we calculated the mean value from the @number@ observers and evaluated interobserver agreement.
we also evaluated the correlation between nerve diameter and sex and age.
interobserver reliability was good for each measurement ( r = 0.569 to @number@ p < 0.01 ) .
age did not affect nerve diameter.
conclusion : we present normal values of cn and fn diameters on 3d-ciss at 3t.
our results warrant further study to clarify the pathophysiological state of the cn or fn using 3d-ciss.
mechanistic studies should determine which tea bioactive constituents have effects , whether they act alone or in combination , and how they influence health.
clinical studies should use well-characterized test products , better descriptions of baseline diets , and validated biomarkers of intake and disease risk reduction.
there should be more attention to careful safety monitoring and adverse event reporting.
osteoporosis is a major health problem in the aging population worldwide.
tea polyphenols enhance osteoblastogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro.
these osteoprotective effects appear to be mediated through antioxidant or antiinflammatory pathways along with their downstream signaling mechanisms.
a model animal showing spontaneous onset is a useful tool for investigating the mechanism of disease.
the sam was developed as a mouse showing a senescence-related phenotype such as a short lifespan or rapid advancement of senescence.
in particular , samp8 and samp10 show age-related impairment of learning and memory.
the klotho mouse shows a phenotype , regulated by only one gene named α-klotho , similar to human progeria.
these animal models are potentially useful for neuroscience research now and in the near future.
unlabelled : in an increasingly ageing population , the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease , parkinson's disease and huntington's disease are rising.
current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure.
modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration.
endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders.
to this end , pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system , as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated.
through multiple lines of evidence , this evolutionarily conserved neurosignalling system has shown neuroprotective capabilities and is therefore a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders.
this review details the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and highlights the beneficial effects of cannabinoid treatment.
linked articles : this article is part of a themed section on cannabinoids @number@
to view the other articles in this section visit @url@
the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of adult psychotropic medication use in são paulo , brazil.
lifetime and 12-month use of psychotropic medications was @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the most frequent prescribers were psychiatrists and general practitioners.
education , employment status , and birth in são paulo were not associated with use.
income did not affect anxiolytic use , but antidepressant and alternative medicine use was associated with higher income.
these results show that psychotropic drug use was comparatively low.
only @percent@ of patients with psychiatric problems reported recent psychotropic use.
comparable with other studies , use was greater among women and increased with age.
background : prognostication for frail older adults is complex , especially when they become seriously ill.
design and setting : prospective cohort study.
inpatient medical units in a teaching , acute care hospital.
measurements : all frailty data collected routinely as part of a cga were used to create the fi-cga.
mortality data were reviewed from hospital records , claims data , social security death index and interviews with discharge managers.
results : thirty-day mortality was @number@ ( @percent@ ; @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) = 10-15% ) of whom @number@ died in hospital.
likewise , increasing fi-cga values on admission were significantly associated with a longer length of hospital stay.
this study objectively quantified sedentary behaviour and ambulatory activity outcomes in retired and non-retired older , community-dwelling adults.
outcomes representing the volume , pattern and variability of sedentary behaviour and ambulatory activity were derived from the cross-sectional accelerometer data.
the association between retirement , ageing and their interaction on sedentary and ambulatory outcomes were examined.
the volume of sedentary behaviour increased with age , whereas ambulatory activity reduced with age.
measures of pattern and variability did not change with retirement or age.
conclusion : while retirement was associated with a greater volume of pa , most older adults do not meet current recommended pa guidelines.
interventions are needed to increase pa in older adults in the years leading to and after the transition to retirement.
background : most childhood cancer survivors will develop ionizing radiation treatment-related health conditions that , in many instances , resemble age-associated pathologies.
treatment-induced premature senescence could be an underlying mechanism.
context : several alterations in thyroid function test ( tft ) results have been associated with mortality in elderly patients.
objective : our aim was to investigate the relationship between tft results and all-cause and cardiovascular ( cv ) mortality in aged hospitalized patients.
design : a 7-year prospective observational study was conducted.
tfts were performed at hospital admission , and mortality was registered in the follow-up period.
main outcome measures : the study evaluated the association between tft results and mortality from all causes and cv diseases.
methods : tsh , free t₄ , and free t₃ ( ft₃ ) were measured on the first day of admission.
in-hospital and total survival times , number of deaths , and all-cause and cv mortality were registered until the census date on @date@ .
results : during the study , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died.
the cause of death was known in @number@ patients.
of this group , @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) died of cv disease.
patients in the first tertile of tsh and ft₃ exhibited a significant higher mortality due to cv disease.
in the adjusted cox regression analysis , ft₃ was a significant predictor of cv mortality ( @number@ @number@.63-0.91 ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : alterations in tft results during hospitalization are associated with long-term mortality in elderly patients.
in particular , low ft₃ levels are significantly related to all-cause and cv mortality.
in order to achieve this goal , a clear definition of the concept of elderly health is essential.
method : hybrid concept analysis , our research design , utilizes both theoretical analysis of literature and empirical observation to define a concept.
we chose the hybrid concept analysis method because its inclusion of old people perspectives enriches the limited health research literature.
the method consists of three phases : theory , fieldwork , and analysis.
since the family has a special place according to the iranian culture and religion and the family health is a priority in their health.
we previously reported that fructose @number@ , 6-diphosphate ( fdp ) , a glycolytic metabolite , alleviates ultraviolet b-induced oxidative skin damage.
here , we further examined the effects of fdp on skin.
fdp decreased the number of desmosomes , whereas it increased collagen fibres in skin equivalents ( ses ) .
interestingly , fdp diminished the amplitude of ca ( 2 + ) fluxes through down-regulation of serca2.
sirt6 is one of the seven members of the nad-dependent family of sirtuins mammals.
hence , sirt6 has been recently categorized as a tumor suppressor.
the deacylation activity of sirt6 has been attributed to the regulation of tnf-α secretion.
however , the physiological relevance of this newly discovered catalytic activity of sirt6 remains to be determined in vivo.
sirt6 also undergoes auto-ribosylation , which might contribute to a self-regulation of catalytic functions.
sirt6-mediated ribosylation also enhances parp1-dependent dna repair under oxidative stress and aging.
evocative of its ancestor , yeast sir2 , sirt6 has the ability to increase lifespan in mice.
sirt6 deficiency is associated with various diseases including inflammation , cardiac hypertrophy , liver dysfunction , adipocyte / muscle disorders , and cancer.
this review describes the most current information regarding the molecular and physiological relevance of sirt6 in the context of epigenetics , metabolism and disease.
objectives : the majority of persons with dementia live in the community where most of their care is provided by family members.
method : we conducted a mail survey of @number@ family caregivers.
caregiving styles were measured with items from existing scales that had not been analyzed together before.
wishful coping - an avoidance / escape strategy - was linked to poorer quality of care.
these results may be useful in targeting caregiver interventions to benefit both caregivers and care recipients.
tinea or dermatophytoses are of skin superficial and fungous infections affecting keratinized tissues such as hair , nail , and superficial layer of epidermis.
in this descriptive cross-sectional study patients who were visited in sina hospital in tabriz and had confirmed tinea corporis with direct fungal smear were selected.
other regarding were age , sex , occupation and predisposing factors.
of @number@ confirmed cases , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were males and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were females.
tinea corporis was common in the third decade.
the main predisposing factor was dry skin.
diabetes was found only in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
some physicians cite an excessive bleeding risk as one reason for withholding oral anticoagulation therapy from older patients with atrial fibrillation.
indeed , with the increasing aging of the population , and poor therapeutic observance , there is an increased risk of hemorragic adverse effects.
their impact on the risk of thromboembolic events is well documented , with better results than those obtained with new oral anticoagulants.
research design and methods : we reviewed data on @number@ men , @number@ premenopausal women , and @number@ postmenopausal women in japan.
odds ratios ( ors ) for diabetes or prediabetes indicated by american diabetes association criteria were calculated for men and for pre- and postmenopausal women.
the age-adjusted or in men was @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) .
postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years had a particularly elevated or for dysglycemia , regardless of age at menopause.
among women , menopause and older age might additively influence the elevated probability of dysglycemia.
method : analyses were conducted using a selected subsample of the hrs / ahead data set.
results : results provided some support for \ "strict \ " factorial invariance of the episodic memory and mental status measures across ethnicity and gender.
further support of weak ( \ "metric \ " ) measurement invariance was found across time.
discussion : results of the research further our understanding of invariance of the hrs / ahead cognitive ability measures.
further implications are discussed.
objectives : evidence suggests a predictive association between emotion and mortality risk.
however , no study has examined dynamic aspects of emotion in relation to mortality.
methods : an 8-day daily diary study was conducted in @number@ on @number@ men aged 58-88.
multilevel models were employed to estimate emotional reactivity coefficients , which were subsequently entered into a cox proportional hazards model to predict mortality.
negative emotional reactivity did not predict mortality.
discussion : findings highlight the potential importance of dynamic aspects of positive affect in prediction of physical health outcomes such as mortality.
overall , this article integrates the concept of compensation into the current model of disability and proposes a framework for identifying and interpreting compensatory behavior.
background : the cerebellum plays an important role in mobility and cognition.
however , it is unclear which regions of the cerebellum are associated with gait speed and information-processing ability in older adults without overt brain damage.
we measured gait speed on an automated walkway and information-processing ability on the digit symbol substitution test ( dsst ) .
total and regional cerebellar gmv was measured on 3t-magnetic resonance imaging.
the association between cognitive cerebellar gmv and gait speed was no longer significant after adjusting for dsst score in the linear regression models.
the prevalence of oh is higher in older people because of comorbidities , polypharmacy , and physiological changes that occur with aging.
oh is diagnosed with serial blood pressure measurements and the primary goal of management is to relieve unfavorable symptoms and enhance patient safety.
pharmacological management is considered when nonpharmacological interventions fail.
nps can contribute to improving the quality of life for older adults and reducing adverse consequences by understanding oh and adequately managing it.
data sources : hospital records of tlc patients to track their hospital and emergency department visits before and after the tlc partners enrollment.
the mean preparedness and burden scores before and after the program essentially remained the same.
shifting visual focus on the basis of the perceived gaze direction of another person is one form of joint attention.
in the present study , we investigated whether this socially relevant form of orienting is reflexive and whether it is influenced by age.
they attributed slower responses following invalid cues to the time needed to resolve the incongruent spatial information provided by the concurrently presented cue and target.
@number@ ) or that were removed prior to target presentation ( exp.
@number@ ) .
with a short-duration cue ( exp.
background and aims : comparative data on locomotive and non-locomotive physical activity ( pa ) by age and gender are lacking for japanese adults.
for non-locomotive light activity , however , there was no significant difference between women over @number@ years and younger women.
the finding also indicates gender differences.
thus , evaluation of both locomotive and non-locomotive activity is important in the overall assessment of pa.
methods : the subjects ( n = @number@ ) were derived from the participants in a multifactorial fall prevention intervention conducted in pori , finland.
logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship of potential confounders with fall risk.
the association between the cut-off score for bbs-9 and fall risk was tested using the chi-square test.
background and aims : ageing trends in populations are common amongst most european countries.
one of the consequences of this trend is the increase of hospitalisation of elderly patients.
methods : the patients were monitored from the first day of hospitalisation through the discharge.
researchers filled in a \ "patient schedule \ " based on a comprehensive set of socio-demographic and clinical variables and standardised assessment tools.
we used a standardised telephone interview to re-assess patients at the 6-month follow-up.
motor functioning resulted as a reliable predictor ( or = @number@ @number@ % ci @number@ @date@ ) of re-hospitalisation in all the medical units.
further research is needed to establish valid and reliable predictors of mortality risk , to develop effective preventive strategies in those vulnerable populations.
diuretics are commonly used in elderly patients , but recent outcomes data have raised doubt about their long-term benefits.
renin-angiotensin system inhibitors have a better tolerability profile than diuretics.
randomized and observational studies have shown that om provides effective bp control across the @number@ h dosing interval in the elderly.
it also has a good tolerability profile , a pharmacokinetic profile unaffected by age and a low propensity for drug interactions.
this article provides an overview of the main recent clinical evidence supporting the use of om-based therapy in elderly patients with hypertension.
this study aimed to compare hypoglycaemia rates between insulin degludec ( ideg ) and insulin glargine ( iglar ) in elderly patients.
overall , 917 / 4345 ( @number@ % ) randomised patients in the seven trials were elderly ( @number@ ideg , @number@ iglar ) .
overall confirmed hypoglycaemia was defined as < 3.1 mmol / l or severe hypoglycaemia ( symptoms requiring external assistance ) .
nocturnal hypoglycaemia included confirmed episodes from @number@ to @number@ hours ( inclusive ) .
conclusion : results of this pre-planned meta-analysis in elderly patients with diabetes demonstrate a significant reduction in hypoglycaemic events with ideg relative to iglar.
objective : we aimed to evaluate the quality and determinants of vitamin k antagonists ( vka ) control among very elderly patients in geriatric settings.
time in therapeutic range ( ttr ) was computed according to rosendaal's method.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included.
mean [ ± standard deviation ( sd ) ] age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ % were women.
the main indication for vka therapy was atrial fibrillation ( af ; @number@ % ) .
mean ( ±sd ) ttr was @number@ ± @number@ %.
conclusion : overall , vka control remains insufficient in very old patients.
the prevalence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) and the embolic risk increase with age.
elderly af patients are undertreated with vitamin k antagonists ( vka ) .
the new oral anticoagulants ( noac ) dabigatran , rivaroxaban and apixaban have been shown to be non-inferior to vka for stroke prevention in af.
we summarize the knowledge about primary and secondary stroke prevention by noac in af patients > 75 years of age.
randomized clinical trials , longitudinal studies , case series and case reports were included.
frail elderly people were not represented in noac-investigating trials because of various exclusion criteria , and only one-third of patients were aged > 75 years.
a subgroup analysis from the dabigatran-investigating trial indicated that elderly patients might have a higher risk for extracranial bleeding complications with noac than with vka.
there is a need for independent studies comparing the efficacy and risk of side effects of noac with that of vka in elderly af patients.
the authors investigated the impact of knowledge of carrying the risk allele on subjective ratings of memory and objective memory test performance of older adults.
results : significant genotype-by-disclosure interaction effects were observed on several memory rating scales and tests of immediate and delayed verbal recall.
the patient's knowledge of his or her genotype and risk of alzheimer's disease should be considered when evaluating cognition in the elderly.
more than @number@ million workers have coronary heart disease ( chd ) with significant work limitations and disability.
the sample was @percent@ female and @percent@ african american.
their mean age was @number@ ( ± @number@ ) years , and most ( @percent@ ) worked in professional or managerial jobs.
themes emerged about perceptions of the health effects of work and coping strategies.
because older employees are a vulnerable work group , understanding the perceived health effects of work may guide future workplace program development and policy.
here , we have identified a previously unknown rpe lipofuscin component.
this pigment is a light-induced isomer of isoa2e , rather than a2e , referred to as iisoa2e.
formation of iisoa2e was found in reaction mixtures of all-trans-retinal and ethanolamine.
excess intracellular accumulation of this adduct in rpe cells in vitro leads to a significant loss of cell viability and caused membrane damage.
this correlation remained significant after adjustment for age , years of education , gender , use of ophthalmic drugs and years of follow-up.
the prevalence of age-related diseases is increased in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) .
however , the underlying biological mechanisms are still unclear.
n-glycosylation is an age-dependent process , identified as a biomarker for physiological aging ( glycoage test ) .
trauma-exposed individuals presented an intermediate n-glycosylation profile positioned between severely traumatized individuals with ptsd and low-stress control subjects.
in conclusion , our data suggest that cumulative exposure to traumatic stressors accelerates the process of physiological aging.
the chromatin regulatory factor sirt6 plays pivotal roles in metabolism , tumor suppression , and aging biology.
despite the fundamental roles of sirt6 in physiology and disease , only a handful of molecular and functional interactions of sirt6 have been reported.
here , we characterize the sirt6 interactome and identify 80 + novel sirt6-interacting proteins.
these include chromatin remodeling , mitotic chromosome segregation , protein homeostasis , and transcriptional elongation.
all analyses were made separately for men and women and for each anatomical site.
in general , there were decreases in sos over increasing age groupings.
we identified re in @number@ als-plus individuals ( @percent@ ) displaying psp and cbs features.
we did not identify any re in these patients , indicating that c9orf72 is in all probability not involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
the adipokine's association with new-onset hf remains less well defined.
total and hmw adiponectin were measured in @number@ subjects without prevalent hf , atrial fibrillation or cvd.
there was a suggestion of effect modification by body mass index , whereby the association appeared strongest in participants with lower body mass indexes.
consistent with the hf findings , higher adiponectin tended to be associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement.
results were similar for hmw adiponectin.
high levels of adiponectin may mark or mediate age-related processes that lead to hf in older adults.
setting : the framingham offspring study.
men ( n @number@ ) and women ( n @number@ ) had follow-up bmd measured in 2002-2005.
design : cohort study using multivariable regression to examine the association of protein intake % with each bmd , adjusting for covariates.
statistical interaction between protein intake % and ca ( total , dietary , supplemental ) intake was examined.
results : the mean age at baseline was @number@ ( sd @number@ ) years.
conclusions : this suggests that greater protein intake benefits women especially those with lower ca intakes.
however , protein effects are not significant for short-term changes in bone density.
contrastingly , in men , higher protein intakes lead to greater bone loss at the trochanter.
longer follow-up is required to examine the impact of protein on bone loss.
end-of-life service providers continue to seek improved instruments for individuals to convey their last wishes.
two such instruments are five wishes and physician order for life-sustaining treatment.
this project explores the relationship of nursing home profit status and innovativeness to the use of these advance directive programs ( adps ) .
data for this project come from the @number@ national nursing home survey ( n = @number@ ) .
the data were analyzed using @number@ logistic regression models.
these results suggest that adp use may be influenced by nursing home characteristics other than clinical services.
background : oral isotretinoin ( iso ) is the only drug which promotes prolonged remission or cure of severe acne.
it also has other properties , supporting its use for non-acne indications.
retinoic acid ( ra ) is gold standard treatment for photoaging.
iso for photoaging treatment was reported in non-controlled trials as alternative to ra , which causes skin irritation.
objective : to compare clinical , histological , and immunohistochemical effects of low-dose iso and @percent@ topical ra to treat photoaging.
methods : randomized , comparative , evaluator-blinded , single-center study.
twenty-four healthy , caucasian , @number@ to 75-year-old men and women ( menopausal or sterilized ) with advanced photoaging were included.
statistical analysis with generalized estimating equations and repeated measures anova tests was used.
results : eleven subjects in each group completed the study.
patient and photographic assessments showed overall improvement in skin appearance.
quality-of-life scores were reduced for all subjects.
histological analysis revealed corneal layer diminution , epidermal thickness increase , and elastosis reduction.
immunohistochemical findings revealed significant epidermal p53 reduction and dermal collagen @number@ increase.
no differences were found between groups ; laboratory tests showed no significant alterations.
conclusion : despite being safe and effective , low-dose iso was not superior to @percent@ ra for advanced photoaging treatment.
context : immunohistochemical ( ihc ) stains have known utility in prostate biopsies and are widely used to augment routine staining in difficult cases.
patterns in ihc utilization and differences based on pathologist training and experience is understudied in the peer-reviewed literature.
design : consecutive ecpbs from 2009-2011 were identified and billing data were used to determine the number of biopsies and ihc stains per case.
diagnoses were mapped and in cancer cases , gleason grade , extent of disease , and perineural invasion were recorded.
pathologists were classified as gu or non-gu on the basis of training and experience.
results : a total of @number@ ecpbs were included in the study.
genitourinary pathologists ordered significantly fewer ihc tests per case and per biopsy than non-gu pathologists.
the rate of ordering was most disparate for biopsies of cancerous and benign lesions.
for biopsies of cancerous lesions , high-grade cancer , bilateral disease , and perineural invasion decreased the rate of ordering in both groups.
the effect of the various predictors on ihc ordering rates was similar in both groups.
conclusions : genitourinary pathologists ordered significantly fewer ihc stain tests than non-gu pathologists in ecpbs.
guidelines to define when ihc workup is necessary and not necessary may be helpful to guide workups.
however , all these trials have demonstrated either no benefit or even deleterious effects.
we found that the early hyperactivation of the nmdar is followed by loss of functional nmdar which persists for weeks.
background : botulinum toxin is a well-established treatment for dynamic glabellar lines.
the glabella is in fact , the most common site for botulinum toxin injection in asians.
previous studies have identified five glabellar contraction patterns according to the predominance of eyebrow approximation , depression or elevation.
unfortunately , the authors found the former classification somewhat confusing.
objective : to identify and classify glabellar wrinkle patterns in koreans for a better treatment approach.
we also aimed to provide an asian consensus recommendation for the individual wrinkle pattern.
methods : a retrospective photographic analysis of @number@ korean patients who received botulinum toxin for the first time to treat glabellar wrinkles was conducted.
the panel also convened to develop a clinical consensus on the individual wrinkle pattern in asians.
the classification method allowed indentifying the most important muscles in each wrinkle pattern.
the consensus recommendation addressed the most heavily used muscles to receive higher doses and to be injected into a larger number of sites.
those less solicited muscles were left untreated or received lower doses , allowing for more effective and natural results.
conclusion : interpersonal differences in facial animation exist among koreans.
we hope our simple glabellar wrinkles classification enables a more accurate , individualized treatment with botulinum toxin in asians.
a major problem in the field of neurodegeneration is the basis of selective vulnerability of subsets of neurons to disease.
therefore , it is important to define the distinctive characteristics of the ec that make this region particularly vulnerable.
here we review the circuitry , distinctive functions , and neurotrophin-dependence of the ec that are relevant to its vulnerability.
expression was significantly stronger in somatomotor nuclei ( hypoglossal , oculomotor , facial ) than visceromotor or sensory nuclei.
both neurons and glia expressed apo d , particularly neurons with larger somata and glia in the periphery of these brainstem centers.
immunostaining was strongest in the neuronal perinuclear region and absent in the nucleus.
results : sleep deprivation resulted in longer toj thresholds , poorer speech perception , and poorer nonword reading compared with controls.
the toj thresholds of the sleep deprived were comparable to those of the aging adults , but their pattern of speech performance differed.
they also performed better on toj and phonological awareness than dyslexic readers.
conclusions : a variety of linguistic skills are affected by sleep deprivation.
the comparison of sleep-deprived individuals with other groups with known difficulties in these linguistic skills might suggest that different groups exhibit common difficulties.
tongue-palate pressures and submental surface electromyography ( semg ) were simultaneously measured during swallowing of these same randomized liquids.
results : barium stimuli were rated as having reduced taste intensity compared with nonbarium stimuli.
barium also dampened fizziness but did not influence burning-stinging sensation.
the amplitudes of tongue-palate pressure or submental semg did not differ when swallowing barium versus nonbarium stimuli.
conclusions : despite impacting taste intensity , the addition of barium to liquid stimuli does not appear to alter behavioral parameters of swallowing.
barium solutions can be considered to elicit behaviors that are similar to those used with nonbarium liquids outside the assessment situation.
background : sedentary time is increasing in all societies and results in limited non-exercise physical activity ( nepa ) of daily life.
the importance of low nepa for cardiovascular health and longevity is limited , especially in elderly.
study design : cohort study.
at baseline , nepa and exercise habits were assessed from a self-administrated questionnaire and cardiovascular health was established through physical examinations and laboratory tests.
the participants were followed for an average of @number@ years for the assessment of cvd events and mortality.
moreover , the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in those with higher nepa levels in non-exercising and regularly exercising individuals.
conclusions : a generally active daily life was , regardless of exercising regularly or not , associated with cardiovascular health and longevity in older adults.
it is well established that aging is associated with declines in episodic memory.
here , we describe a memory task designed to assess the accuracy of discrimination ability for the locations of objects.
object locations were initially encoded incidentally , and appeared in a single space against a @number@ × @number@ grid.
during retrieval , subjects viewed repeated object-location pairings , displacements of @number@ @number@ @number@ or @number@ grid spaces , and maximal corner-to-opposite-corner displacements.
subjects were tasked with judging objects in this second viewing as having retained their original location , or having moved.
performance on a task such as this is thought to rely on the capacity of the individual to perform hippocampus-mediated pattern separation.
we report a performance deficit associated with a physically healthy aged group compared to young adults specific to trials with low mnemonic interference.
skeletal muscle , the most abundant tissue in mammals , is essential for any activity in life.
it has a significant impact on exercise tolerance , thus worsening the patients ' quality of life and survival.
among several factors , oxidative stress is a major player in the etiology of skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with those conditions.
moreover , increased levels of ros may also activate proteolytic systems , thus leading to enhanced protein breakdown in several models.
in the current review , the specific modifications induced by carbonylation in protein structure and function in muscles have been described.
furthermore , the potential role of ros in the activation of proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles is also discussed.
objective : the prediction of successful aging by midlife body mass index ( bmi ) and waist circumference ( wc ) was examined.
results : @number@ participants died , @number@ met the criteria for successful aging.
conclusions : optimal midlife bmi and wc for successful aging might be substantially below the current thresholds used to define obesity.
the therapeutic interventions targeting the mitochondrial-related apoptosis and er stress responses might be promising strategies to conquer paclitaxel resistance.
importance : criteria for preclinical alzheimer disease ( ad ) propose β-amyloid ( aβ ) plaques to initiate neurodegeneration within ad-affected regions.
however , some cognitively normal older individuals harbor neural injury similar to patients with ad , without concurrent aβ burden.
such findings challenge the proposed sequence and suggest that aβ-independent precursors underlie ad-typical neurodegenerative patterns.
objective to examine relationships between aβ and non-aβ factors as well as neurodegeneration within ad regions in cognitively normal older adults.
intervention : each individual underwent a standardized neuropsychological test session , magnetic resonance imaging , and positron emission tomography scanning.
in those people who were classified as having abnormal cortical thickness , degree and topographic specificity of neurodegenerative abnormalities were similar to patients with ad.
accumulation of neurodegenerative abnormalities was related to poor memory and executive functions as well as larger wml volumes but not elevated pittsburgh compound b retention.
conclusions and relevance : our study confirms that a substantial proportion of cognitively normal older adults harbor neurodegeneration , without aβ burden.
associations of neurodegenerative abnormalities with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive performance indicate that neurodegenerative pathology can emerge through non-aβ pathways within regions most affected by ad.
we hypothesized that variants in the sortilin-like receptor ( sorl1 ) gene would affect multiple alzheimer's phenotypes before the clinical onset of symptoms.
importantly , the effects of sorl1 variation on both white matter microstructure and gene expression were observed during neurodevelopmental phases of the human lifespan.
further , the neuropathological mechanism of risk appears to primarily involve amyloidogenic pathways.
interventions targeted toward the sorl1 amyloid risk pathway may be of greatest value during early phases of the lifespan.
no study has examined frailty in relation to mortality after femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.
the remaining @number@ patients , with a mean age of @number@ years , were included.
mortality data were obtained from a state vital statistics department using date of birth and social security numbers.
in roc analysis , the area under the curve was @number@ and @number@ for 1- and 2-year mortality , respectively.
patients with a modified frailty index of @number@ or greater have increased risk for mortality at @number@ and @number@ years.
clinical deficits of mobility , respiratory , renal , malignancy , thyroid , and impaired cognition also may be independently associated with mortality.
the modified frailty index may be a useful tool in predicting mortality , guiding patient and family expectations and elucidating implant / surgery choices.
further prospective studies are necessary to strengthen the predictive power of the index.
level of evidence : level iv , prognostic study.
see instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
objective : klotho is involved in vascular health.
we aimed to analyse in a cross-sectional study the relationship between klotho and human coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
methods : the study included @number@ subjects who underwent coronary angiography and @number@ patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery recruited between @date@ and @date@ .
results : the soluble klotho concentration was lower ( p < 0.001 ) in patients with significant cad ( n = 233 ) .
logistic regression analysis showed that high klotho gene expression was independently associated with lower risk for cad.
reduced serum klotho concentrations and decreased vascular klotho gene expression were associated with the presence and severity of cad independently of established cardiovascular risk factors.
aging ex-pows who develop psychiatric symptomatology should be considered a high-risk group entering a high-risk period in the life cycle.
it is important to monitor ex-pows and provide them with appropriate medical and psychological treatment as they age.
background : face-lift surgery when combined with perioral phenol-croton oil peel is an underappreciated tool for face rejuvenation.
the procedure results in significant central face skin tightening and wrinkle reduction.
methods : a retrospective review of @number@ consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous face lift and perioral peel was performed.
the apparent age was compared with the patient's actual age , and the reduction in apparent age was calculated.
improvement in perioral rhytides was evaluated by using the glogau classification system ( range , @number@ to @number@ ) .
patients ' postoperative apparent age estimate was @number@ years younger than their real age ( p = 0.0002 ) .
the glogau classification system score demonstrated a mean reduction of @number@ ( @number@ preoperatively as compared with @number@ postoperatively , p < 0.0001 ) .
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
however , there is potential for serious functional and aesthetic complications , including dry eyes , scleral show , and ectropion.
in addition , many surgeons perceive a steep learning curve and difficulty of reliably obtaining excellent cosmetic results.
one selective inducer of adam10 gene expression is the x-box binding protein-1 ( xbp-1 ) .
this protein regulates the unfolded protein-response pathway.
we demonstrate that particularly the spliced xbp-1 variant dose dependently regulates adam10 expression , which can be synergistically enhanced by @number@ nm insulin.
this is accompanied by a 2-fold augmented adam10 amount as compared with nontransgenic littermates ( p = 0.011 ) .
electrical impedance measurements of skeletal muscle may be sensitive to age-associated declines in muscle health.
individuals either had seven upper extremity or seven lower extremity muscles measured.
the @number@ khz reactance , resistance and phase were used as the major outcome variables.
these findings suggest that age- and gender-associated differences in muscle condition are detectable using eim.
the relationship of these easily obtained parameters to standard functional , imaging , and pathological markers of sarcopenia deserves further study.
the p66shc adaptor protein is an important regulator of lifespan in mammals , but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear.
here , we show that expression of p66shc , p52shc , and p46shc is regulated at the post-transcriptional level by the microrna let-7a.
the levels of let-7a correlated inversely with the levels of shc proteins without affecting shc mrna levels.
our results further revealed that repression of shc expression by let-7a delays senescence of human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) .
in sum , our findings link let-7a abundance to the expression of p66shc , which in turn controls the replicative lifespan of hdfs.
influenza affects 5-15% of the population during an epidemic.
in western europe , vaccination of at-risk groups forms the cornerstone of influenza prevention.
burden varied between countries and was likely influenced by population size , surveillance system , healthcare provision , and vaccine coverage.
the greatest burden was found in poland , where direct costs were over eur @number@ million.
extending influenza vaccination of the elderly may be a cost-effective way to reduce the burden of influenza in cee.
the second aim was to determine extent demographic , health-related , environmental , and cognitive factors influence the change in speech-in-noise recognition over time.
hearing ability was measured by a digit triplet speech-in-noise test ( snt ) yielding a speech reception threshold in noise ( srtn ) .
multilevel analyses were used to model the change in srtn over time.
first , interaction terms were used to test differences in rate of decline across subgroups.
this was done by calculating the percentage change in btime after adding the particular factor to the model.
results : on average , respondents ' srtn increased ( i.e. , deteriorated ) significantly over time by @number@ db signal-to-noise ratio per annum.
only information processing speed relevantly influenced the change in srtn over time ( @percent@ decrease in btime ) .
conclusions : decline in older persons ' speech-in-noise recognition over time accelerated for older ages.
decline in information processing speed explained a moderate proportion of the srtn decline.
this indicates the relevance of declining cognitive abilities in the ability of older persons to recognize speech in noisy environments.
relevant studies were identified by a systematic search of medline , embase and web of knowledge databases.
pooled correlation and regression coefficients were calculated using meta-analysis methods for both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
studies without suitable data for meta-analysis were summarized separately.
overall , @number@ studies were included , of which @number@ were eligible for meta-analysis , including two longitudinal studies.
the majority of studies reported an inverse relationship between bmi and telomere length.
the two longitudinal studies were small ( @number@ and @number@ subjects ) , covered different age ranges and yielded inconsistent results.
no evidence of any gender difference was observed.
published pk data for fviii from @number@ patients aged 1-74 years and for rfix from @number@ patients aged 4-56 years were used.
the relationships of fviii and rfix clearance ( cl ) with body weight could be described by allometric expressions.
relative changes in cl with age or weight were similar for fviii and rfix.
elimination half-life was clearly age-dependent for fviii while only a very weak trend could be seen for rfix.
results : three-quarters of residents maintained or improved their basic social skills during both the time periods.
decline was explained primarily by cognitive status at the time of admission , notably present orientation.
however , staff-to-resident communication becomes more important over time.
conclusions : social skills appear to present an opportunity to maintain interaction with these residents.
the findings also suggest that a focus on the present orientation before and following admission and on staff-to-resident communication may be beneficial.
studies indicate the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
decreased bdnf levels may constitute a lack of trophic support and contribute to cognitive impairment in ad.
a significant correlation ( p = @number@ r = @number@ ) was found between bdnf levels and the level of physical activity.
the results of our study suggest that aerobic exercise increases bdnf plasma levels in patients with ad and healthy controls.
in addition to that , bdnf levels had association with level of physical activity.
subtypes did not differ on age , education , income , marital status , living arrangements , or years in the usa.
however , males were more likely than females to be ' average r / s. '
the ' average r / s ' subtype had significantly greater life satisfaction than their ' low r / s ' counterpart.
no differences between the two subtypes were found on perceived health or depression.
vitamin k antagonists ( vkas ) are the most widely used anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
since af is a disease of the aging heart , it is important to assess safety and efficacy of these new anticoagulants in elderly patients.
today it is clearly evident that genetic background constitutes an integral part of aging and longevity.
many studies on long-lived people have been conducted emphasizing the role of certain genes in long life.
classic case-control studies , genome-wide association studies , and high-throughput sequencing have permitted identification of a variety of genetic variants seemingly associated with longevity.
indeed , many single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) associated with longevity were identified in genes encoding proteins that take part in this metabolic pathway.
closely related to this pathway is the klotho gene.
it encodes a type-i membrane protein expressed in two forms , membrane and secreted.
the latter form suppresses oxidative stress and growth factor signaling and regulates ion channels and transporters.
in particular , its over-expression seems to be able to suppress insulin / igf-1 signaling extending life span.
the results of our systematic review indicate that the klotho kl-vs variant is associated with healthy aging.
accessing timely acute medical care is a challenge for older adults.
this option gives residents access to care in their residence.
during the first @number@ years of the program's operation , @number@ of @number@ requested telemedicine visits were completed successfully.
twelve residents were sent to an ed for care after the telemedicine visit.
ninety-four percent of residents reported being satisfied or very satisfied with telemedicine care.
continuation of the program will require evaluation demonstrating equal or better resident-level outcomes and the development of sustainable business models.
autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the degradation of intracellular cargo.
vinblastine treatment was also used to halt autophagy and further characterize changes and provide additional insight on the nature of autophagy organelles.
these trends suggested the identity of organelle types being detected.
there is currently much interest in determining the number of glomeruli , and thereby nephrons , in the kidney.
although design-based stereological methods are generally considered the gold-standard method , all current methods have limitations.
a new approach using magnetic resonance imaging has recently been described and may ultimately enable glomerular imaging and quantification in vivo.
this report considers the advantages and disadvantages of current methods for counting glomeruli and describes the new magnetic resonance approach.
in addition , a method for counting glomeruli in developing kidneys is described.
the renin-angiotensin system ( ras ) plays a critical role in placentation and nephrogenesis.
the remaining nephrons are therefore hyperfiltering from birth.
hyperfiltration , infections and type @number@ diabetes cause glomerular and tubular fibrosis , leading to further reductions in nephron number.
the intrarenal ras plays a key role in promoting tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
low birth weight and a high incidence of preterm birth program indigenous children for early onset renal disease in adult life.
indigenous australians have @number@ @number@ fewer nephrons than non-indigenous australians.
the existence of ras gene polymorphisms and inflammatory cytokines may further potentiate susceptibility to renal disease in indigenous australians.
patients and methods : one eye from @number@ participants with open angles was imaged.
measurements were compared using stepwise regression analysis.
interobserver reproducibility coefficients ranged from @number@ ( tm length ) to @number@ ( tm area ) .
tm area and length were not correlated with age.
while the tm interface shadow length did not correlate with age , the tm interface shadow area increased with age.
race , sex , intraocular pressure , and gonioscopy score were not correlated with any tm parameters.
conclusion : although the tm measurements were not correlated with age , the tm interface shadow area increased with age.
further study is required to determine whether there is any relationship between the age-related asoct findings of the tm interface shadow area and physiologic function.
sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass and performance.
several consensus definitions of sarcopenia exist , each providing different cut points and methodologies for assessing muscle mass and muscle strength.
thus , wide variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia has been reported , generally ranging up to @percent@ for men and @percent@ for women.
risk factors for sarcopenia include age , malnutrition , and physical inactivity.
short-term randomized controlled trials of muscle protein synthesis have demonstrated that whey protein increases synthesis more so than casein or soy isolates.
studies also suggest that essential amino acids stimulate muscle protein synthesis to a greater extent than nonessential amino acids.
background : the prevalence of tendinopathies is increased in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
however , there are few data on the structural abnormalities of achilles tendons in asymptomatic diabetic patients.
the aim of the study was to assess the morphologic characteristics of the achilles tendon in subjects with diabetes in comparison with controls without diabetes.
methods : participants were consecutively recruited from an outpatient population.
ultrasound longitudinal and transverse scans were performed bilaterally along the full length of achilles tendon from the musculotendinous junction to the insertion.
conclusion : diabetes may predispose to achilles tendinopathy and particularly to achilles enthesopathy.
level of evidence : level iii , comparative series.
for all patients , aes rapidly decreased to low steady levels after 4-5 weeks of treatment.
the incidence of serious aes was low and they were reported more frequently in the placebo than in the g-gr group.
conclusions : therapy with once-daily g-gr was as effective for treating pain associated with phn in elderly patients as it was in younger patients.
g-gr was well tolerated , and the incidence of the most common aes did not appear to be age related.
understanding the role of epigenetic modifications , e.g. dna methylation , in the process of aging requires the characterization of methylation patterns in large cohorts.
we were able to identify @number@ novel cpg sites with significant association of methylation with age.
background : the assessment of the appropriate level of development in children belongs to the standard duties of physicians in the public health system.
in addition , similarities and dissimilarities are presented.
results and conclusion : the results revealed a significant cognitive decline in the fluid and crystal intelligence depending on age.
only @number@ subtests of the wais-iv ( general information and block design ) showed no significant variation due to age.
the skt scores of memory and attention correlated significantly with almost all subtests of the wais-iv.
the highest correlations were between the skt attention score and the wais-iv subtests for processing speed , perceptual reasoning and working memory.
the decline in cognitive abilities is mainly due to reduced capacities in speed of information processing and working memory.
skin aging is the result of internal and external factors.
so-called photoaging has been identified as the major factor in skin aging.
previous studies have shown that extracts or products from human placenta significantly improve skin aging and chronic wound healing.
however , there are few studies of umbilical cord extracts.
the results showed that @percent@ formula @number@ was the most effective formula for promotion of fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation.
at this concentration , formula @number@ also induced collagen expression and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression at the transcriptional level.
however , this formula had no effect on tyrosinase expression in melanocytes.
these results demonstrate that umbilical cord extracts can serve as an attractive source of proteins for skincare and chronic wound healing products.
using rt-pcr and ihc , we found that these hamscs expressed pluripotent genes , such as @date@ sox2 , and nanog.
over @number@ mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 ( sod1 ) cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a lethal motor neuron disease.
thus , the potentiation of endogenous copper regulation could be a therapeutic strategy.
genetically induced mt-i normalized copper dyshomeostasis in the spinal cord without influencing sod1 enzymatic activity.
double transgenic mice also showed a decreased level of sod1 aggregates within the glial cells of the spinal cord.
furthermore , the overexpression of mt-i in sod1 ( g93a ) mice reduced the number of spheroid-shaped astrocytes cleaved by active caspase-3.
it has been proposed that guanine-rich dna forms four-stranded structures in vivo called g-quadruplexes or g4 dna.
g4 dna has been implicated in several biological processes , but tools to study g4 dna structures in cells are limited.
here we report the development of novel murine monoclonal antibodies specific for different g4 dna structures.
we show that one of these antibodies designated 1h6 exhibits strong nuclear staining in most human and murine cells.
we conclude that monoclonal antibody 1h6 is a valuable tool for further studies on the role of g4 dna in cell and molecular biology.
\ "quiet standing \ " is standing without intended movement.
to the naked eye , a person \ "quiet standing \ " on a rigid surface of support is stationary.
we asked whether quiet standing is lateralized and whether the cop dynamics of the right and left legs differ.
the results are considered in the context of theories of laterality inclusive of lateralized differences in postural dynamics.
care must be exercised in the use of raman spectroscopy for the identification of blood in forensic applications.
the raman spectra of dried whole human blood excited at @number@ nm are shown to be exclusively due to oxyhemoglobin or related hemoglobin denaturation products.
this denaturation product is also observed in the low-power-excitation raman spectrum of older ambient-air-exposed bloodstains ( @number@ weeks or more ) .
older adults exhibit diminished ability to inhibit the processing of visual stimuli that are supposed to be ignored.
the extent to which age-related changes in early visual processing contribute to impairments in selective attention remains to be determined.
an optimal approach would be to initially filter according to color and then process letter forms in the attend color to identify targets.
young and middle-aged adults did not generate an asymmetric n170 component.
in contrast , young-old and old-old adults produced a larger n170 over the left hemisphere.
furthermore , older adults generated a larger n170 to letter than nonletter stimuli over the left , but not right hemisphere.
more asymmetric n170 responses predicted greater allocation of late selection resources to target letters in the ignore color , as indexed by p3b amplitude.
we conducted a large , two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) in individuals of european ancestry.
in stage @number@ @number@ snps were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of @number@ alzheimer's disease cases and @number@ controls.
genetic and biochemical studies have identified transcription factors critical and specific for bone and cartilage development.
more recent studies revealed the molecular mechanisms how these transcription factors regulate bone and cartilage development.
especially , we appreciate recent advances in molecular function of the complex assembled by these transcription factors and epigenetic regulation of them.
in this review , we would like to describe the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during developmental and pathological stages.
in addition , we discuss possible application of these information in regeneration of bone and cartilage.
in addition to supplying cellular energy , mitochondria are involved in signaling , cellular differentiation , cell death , and the aging process.
we here highlight the role of mitochondria in osteoclast function.
these findings provide evidence for a previously unknown mechanism by which mitochondria regulate the inverse correlation between osteoclast survival and bone resorption.
objectives : middle-aged adults often provide support to aging parents , but researchers know little about support that young adults provide middle-aged parents.
this study examined support that young adults provide parents and explanations for that support from both offspring's and parents ' perspectives.
participants also reported parental personal problems , parental disability status , relationship quality , and support that parents provide offspring.
results : offspring provided parents with emotional support and listening more often than other forms of support.
offspring reported providing more frequent support than parents reported receiving.
we examined factors associated with support using multilevel models.
offspring ( but not parents ) reported providing more frequent support to parents when parents were disabled.
discussion : findings are consistent with solidarity theory , which suggests that high-quality relationships may explain support.
the concept of self-enhancement and generativity in middle-aged parents may explain the intergenerational differences in the association between parental disability and support.
we have now examined the relationship between major components of energy expenditure and the fi34 in participants of the louisiana healthy aging study.
in contrast , there was no association between total daily energy expenditure and fi34.
circulating creatine phosphokinase , a clinical marker of muscle damage , was also significantly associated with fi34.
the physiological roles of the protease inhibitor serpinb3 ( sb3 ) are still largely unknown.
the study was addressed to assess the biological effects of this serpin in vivo using a sb3 transgenic mouse model.
two colonies of mice ( @number@ transgenic for sb3 and @number@ c57bl / 6j controls ) have been studied.
in tg mice decreased il-6 in serum and lower p66shc in the liver were observed.
in addition , tg males showed higher expression of mtor in the liver.
liver histology showed age-dependent increase of steatosis and decrease of glycogen storage in both groups and none of the animals developed neoplastic lesions.
due to the increasing proportion of older people in the general population epidemiologists are interested in identifying which factors determine healthy ageing.
for this reason within the german society for epidemiology we founded the working group ' epidemiology of ageing ' in @number@
the working group organised a workshop to present useful datasets on ageing in germany for epidemiological research.
all presented datasets can be used for longitudinal analyses and are available to the scientific community.
the primary aim of this study was to investigate whether renal tissue alterations associated with vesicoureteral reflux ( vur ) can be displayed by dwi.
the secondary aim was to assess how adc values change with age in kidneys with and without vur.
all subjects underwent dwi of the kidneys using b value of 600s / mm ( @number@ ) in addition to mr urography.
the adc values of @number@ kidneys with vur were compared with those of @number@ kidneys without vur.
there was no significant difference in adc values between kidneys with and without vur.
conclusion : dwi does not reveal probable parenchymal alterations in reflux nephropathy.
adc values increase with age during childhood not only in normal kidneys but also in kidneys with vur.
cns white matter is subject to a novel form of neural plasticity which has been termed \ "myelin plasticity \ ".
it is well established that oligodendrocyte generation and the addition of new myelin internodes continue throughout normal adulthood.
these new myelin internodes maybe required for the de novo myelination of previously unmyelinated axons , myelin sheath replacement , or even myelin remodeling.
each process could alter axonal conduction velocity , but to what end ?
oxidative stress also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases , including aging , degenerative disease , and cancer.
among cancers , lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the western world.
it can be subdivided into two broad categories , small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer , the latter is the most common type.
distinct measures of primary and secondary prevention have been investigated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by lung cancer.
among them , it seems that physical activity and nutrition have some beneficial effects.
the purpose of this review is to examine lung cancer in relation to oxidative stress , physical activity , and nutrition.
purpose / objectives : to present key recommendations from a recently released institute of medicine ( iom ) report on high-quality cancer care.
data sources : the recommendations were derived from the iom report delivering high-quality cancer care : charting a new course for a system in crisis.
data synthesis : the authors reviewed each of the recommendations to identify implications for oncology nurses.
conclusions : nurses will play a vital role in the future design and delivery of high-quality cancer care.
knowledge translation : the iom recommendations identify key areas of concern to nurses.
key aspects of nursing practice , including involvement in advanced care planning , patient-centered care , and evidence-based practice , are essential for high-quality care.
oncology nurses will be centrally involved in healthcare innovations , such as rapid learning systems , and as key members of a well-trained workforce.
measurements of oxygen consumption by the mitochondria in human skeletal muscle are used in many studies.
this is time-consuming and subject to interpersonal variability.
an alternative is to use a semiautomatic tool for preparation of a homogenate of the muscle biopsy.
we investigated whether the pbi shredder is useful in preparing a muscle homogenate for measurements of mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
the homogenate is compared with the pfi preparation.
maximal respiratory capacity was significantly reduced in the homogenate compared with the pfi from human skeletal muscle.
the mitochondria in the homogenate were more uncoupled compared with the pfi.
manual permeabilization is an advantageous technique for preparing human skeletal muscle biopsies for respirometry.
neurodegenerative diseases affect a considerable percentage of the elderly population.
new therapeutic approaches are warranted , aiming to at least delay and possibly reverse disease progression.
strategies to elaborate such approaches require knowledge of specific immune system involvement in disease pathogenesis.
initiating disease factors , as well as common mechanistic pathways , are detailed and potential immunological therapeutic targets are identified.
several dengue vaccines are under development , and some are expected to become available imminently.
concomitant with the anticipated release of these vaccines , vaccine allocation strategies for dengue-endemic countries in southeast asia and latin america are currently under development.
we showed that optimal vaccine allocation strategies vary significantly with the demographic burden of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
consequently , the strategy that is optimal for one country may be sub-optimal for another country.
the roles of sirtuin family members are widely studied in carcinogenesis.
however , their roles in glioma remain unclear.
here we report that sir2 was under expressed in human glioma tissues and cell lines.
we found that sirt2 overexpression decreased cell proliferation and colony formation capacity.
in addition , sirt2 overexpression induced cellular apoptosis via up-regulating cleaved caspase @number@ and bax , and down-regulating anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2.
sirt2 knockdown obtained opposing results.
in summary , sirt2 is critical in human glioma via nf-κb-mir-21 pathway and sirt2 activator may serve as candidate drug for glioma therapy.
this review describes evidence that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species ( mros ) are of great importance under many physiological and pathological conditions.
the most demonstrative indications favoring this conclusion originate from recent discoveries of the in vivo effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants ( mitoq and skqs ) .
the latter compounds look promising in treating several incurable pathologies as well as aging.
in this population , the decline of multiple physiologic processes and diseases collectively influence treatment options.
databases searched included pubmed , google scholar , ovid , and athens.
package inserts were utilized for approval dates , indications , and formulations available.
we looked at reviews of agents to identify important studies for consideration that searches may have missed.
pharmacology and pharmacokinetic data were taken from randomized trials focusing in this area.
pivotal phase iii trials were utilized for discussion of clinical trial experience and to summarize efficacy and aes.
for purposes of validity , only peer-reviewed literature was included.
topical nsaids are discussed as a viable therapeutic option.
in an era of ever-increasing healthcare costs , new treatments must not only improve outcomes and quality of care but also be cost-effective.
this is most challenging for emergency and critical care.
bigger and better has been the mantra of western medical care for decades , leading to costlier but not necessarily better care.
recent advances focused on new implementation processes for evidence-based best practices such as checklists and bundles have transformed medical care.
we outline recent advances in medical practice that have positively affected both the quality of care and its cost-effectiveness.
protein homoeostasis is a fundamental requirement for all living cells in order to survive in a dynamic surrounding.
however , the cellular roles of airapl in this process are not known.
however , translocation into the er of a subset of erad- and non-erad-secreted proteins are regulated by airapl.
the ability to regulate translocation by the p97-airapl complex is entirely dependent on the proteins ' signal peptide.
our results demonstrate a p97 complex regulating translocation into the er in a signal-peptide-dependent manner.
the essential trace metals iron , zinc , and copper play important roles both in retinal physiology and disease.
zinc deficiency is associated with poor dark adaptation.
zinc levels in the human retina and rpe decrease with age in amd.
copper deficiency is associated with optic neuropathy , but retinal function is maintained.
sirt1-activating compounds ( stacs ) , which have been identified from a variety of chemical classes , provide health benefits in animal disease models.
compared with polyphenols such as resveratrol , the synthetic stacs show greater potency , solubility , and target selectivity.
dermal fillers have been used for decades in soft tissue augmentation.
currently , filler implementation is among the most common minimally invasive procedures for rejuvenation and body sculpturing.
there is a broad variety of filler materials and products.
despite immense experience , a number of controversies in this topic exist.
implementation of guidelines and restriction of filler use by trained physicians can improve safety for patients.
since the early 1980s , the field of skin rejuvenation has evolved rapidly.
ablative laser resurfacing still remains the gold standard for treating advanced and severe photoaging providing excellent results in experienced hands.
alternatively , ablative fractional resurfacing can be used , with the results , which are comparable to fully ablative lasers with better standard of safety.
the role of diet in aging skin is highly controversial with limited available scientific data.
these nutritional allowances are set at the minimum required for health , providing little advice as to the optimal nutritional intake for a given age.
we now know that the requirements set for vitamin d intake were too low and not properly age adjusted.
this contribution examines the role of nutrition , glycation , and oxidation in skin aging.
spinocerebellar ataxia type @number@ ( sca7 ) is caused by a toxic polyglutamine ( polyq ) expansion in the n-terminus of the protein ataxin-7.
ataxin-7 has a known function in the histone acetylase complex , spt / ada / gcn5 acetylase ( staga ) chromatin-remodeling complex.
specifically , hdac3 stabilized ataxin-7 and increased modification of the protein.
further , hdac3 physically interacts with ataxin-7.
the physical interaction of hdac3 with normal and polyq-expanded ataxin-7 affects the toxicity in a polyq-dependent manner.
we detect robust hdac3 expression in neurons and glia in the cerebellum and an increase in the levels of hdac3 in sca7 mice.
consistent with this we found altered lysine acetylation levels and deacetylase activity in the brains of sca7 transgenic mice.
in hiv-positive patients , early cross-sectional imaging is warranted to detect uncommon disorders and complications , with the aim to preserve renal function.
the free radical theory of aging posits that aging is caused by accumulation of damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
oxidative damage , like other specific damage types viewed in isolation or in combination , does not represent the cause of aging.
noncycloplegic refraction was measured semiannually for @number@ years and annually thereafter.
function parameters were estimated using a nonlinear least squares procedure.
associated factors were evaluated using linear regression.
results : in total , @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) had valid gompertz curve fits.
participants with two versus no myopic parents had approximately @number@ d more myopia at stabilization.
the age and the amount of myopia at stabilization were correlated ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the gompertz function provides estimates of the age and the amount of myopia at stabilization in an ethnically diverse cohort.
these findings should provide guidance on the time course of myopia and on decisions regarding the type and timing of interventions.
we find that dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to changes in foxo3 activity in the substantia nigra.
to address the role of foxo3 in pd , we modulate its activity in dopaminergic neurons overexpressing human α-synuclein.
in this pathogenic condition , we find that foxo inhibition has protective effects , suggesting that this transcription factor ultimately contributes to neuronal cell death.
nevertheless , mild foxo3 activity also protects nigral neurons against the accumulation of human α-synuclein , albeit to a lesser extent.
consistent with these in vivo observations , we find that foxo3 controls autophagic flux in neuronal cells.
however , prt carries some risk , particularly when participants are older adults with a certain degree of muscle weakness.
acute and chronic injuries attributed to prt have been cited in the epidemiological literature.
however , the risk for injuries appears to be higher for testing than for training itself.
one-repetition maximum strength testing may result in a greater injury risk.
this technique , though acceptable , needs additional precautions in inexperience older adults to prevent injury.
thus , the best treatment for prt age-related injuries is prevention.
background : antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of adverse events and early mortality in hiv-infected persons.
methods : extensive literature review.
conclusions : there is a need for validated biomarkers of aging in the context of hiv.
background : low literacy is common among the elderly and possibly more reflective of educational attainment than years of school completed.
we examined the association between literacy and risk of likely dementia in older adults.
we conducted cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between literacy and incidence of likely dementia.
demographics , education , income , comorbidities , lifestyle variables , and apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 status were included in adjusted analyses.
results : twenty-three percent of participants had limited literacy ( < 9th-grade level ) .
we aimed to assess the validity of bai in an older population.
finally , bai did not accurately predict fat% in people with a fat% below @percent@.
bai provides valid estimation of body adiposity in an older adult population ; however , bmi may be a better index for older men.
finally , bai is not accurate in people with extremely low or high body fat percentages.
after a 12-hour fast , volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets.
results : mediterranean diet and mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme q10diets downregulated gadd45a protein levels compared with the saturated fatty acid-rich diet.
background : the mechanisms by which testosterone increases hemoglobin and hematocrit remain unclear.
consistent with increased iron utilization , soluble transferrin receptor ( str ) levels and ratio of str / log ferritin increased significantly in testosterone-treated men.
hormonal and hematologic responses were similar in anemic participants.
the majority of testosterone-treated anemic participants increased their hemoglobin into normal range.
conclusions : testosterone-induced increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit is associated with stimulation of epo and reduced ferritin and hepcidin concentrations.
age-related changes in the microstructural organization of the corpus callosum ( cc ) may explain declines in bimanual motor performance associated with normal aging.
the older adults showed age-related deficits on all measures of bimanual motor performance.
such associations were less prominent in the younger group.
our findings suggest that structural alterations of subregional callosal fibers may account for bimanual motor declines in normal aging.
the blood pressure j-curve discussion has been ongoing for more than @number@ years , yet there are still questions in need of definitive answers.
on the other hand , we have very limited data on the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and stroke prevention.
moreover , it seems that this outcome is more a case of \ "the lower the better. \ "
many studies reported that certain features of bp like nocturnal hypertension , morning surge or increased variability predict an increased stroke risk.
however , there is no accepted effective modality for correction of these disturbances ( chronotherapy , certain classes of antihypertensive drugs ) .
these insults lead to the pathogenesis of a range of disease states , including atherosclerosis.
several signaling pathways , especially nuclear factor κb mediated signaling , play crucial roles in these pathophysiological processes.
recently , micrornas ( mirnas ) have emerged as important regulators of ec function by fine-tuning gene expression.
in this review , we discuss how mirnas regulate ec function and vascular inflammation in response to a variety of pathophysiologic stimuli.
adult neural stem cells contribute to neurogenesis and plasticity of the brain which is essential for central regulation of systemic homeostasis.
a pulse wave is the displacement wave which arises because of ejection of blood from the heart and reflection at vascular bed and distal point.
the investigation of pressure waves leads to understanding the propagation characteristics of a pulse wave.
to investigate the pulse wave behavior , an experimental study was performed using an artificial polymer tube and viscous liquid.
a polyurethane tube and glycerin solution were used to simulate a blood vessel and blood , respectively.
the effect of the viscosity of a liquid on the amplitude of a pressure wave was then considered using a phantom simulating human blood vessels.
in comparison with clinical data , this value is much smaller than that seen from blood vessel hardening.
thus , it can be concluded that the blood viscosity seldom affects the attenuation of a pulse wave.
objective : survivors of critical illness are frequently left with long-lasting disability.
the association between delirium and disability in critically ill patients has not been described.
we hypothesized that the duration of delirium in the icu would be associated with subsequent disability and worse physical health status following a critical illness.
design : prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning strategy.
setting : a single-center tertiary-care hospital.
patients : one hundred twenty-six survivors of a critical illness.
duration of delirium was also associated with lower awareness questionnaire motor / sensory factors scores ( p @number@ ) .
these data point to a need for further study into the determinants of functional outcomes in icu survivors.
material and methods : all indicators were derived from the istat health for all database.
they were presented by region or macro area , globally or by gender , considering the most recent regional distribution and their time trends.
smoking has reduced its impact in men but not yet in women.
the increasing proportion of overweight and obese people may explain the convergence in time of the mortality rates of the different italian macro areas.
discussion and conclusion : the italian situation seems to be not well fitted to face the expected growing cancer burden.
moreover , the social support provided by family members and the advantages of the mediterranean dietary habits are declining.
published data from the italian cancer registries were modeled in order to estimate the regional cancer survival.
for colorectal , lung and stomach cancer and skin melanoma , all the indicators were higher in men than women.
the prevalence was twice the incidence for lung cancer in both sexes.
the prevalence increased for all the considered cancers except cervical cancer.
aims and background : abruzzo and molise are two regions located in the south of italy , currently without population-based cancer registries.
the aim of this paper is to provide estimates of cancer incidence , mortality and prevalence for the abruzzo and molise regions combined.
the survival estimates are based on cancer registry data of southern italy.
incidence rates were estimated to increase constantly for female breast cancer , colorectal cancer in men and melanoma in both sexes.
for prostate cancer and male lung cancer , the incidence rates increased , reaching a peak , and then decreased.
in women the incidence of colorectal and lung cancer stabilized after an initial increase.
for stomach and cervical cancers , the incidence rates showed a constant decrease.
prevalence was increasing for all the considered cancer sites with the exception of the cervix uteri.
the highest prevalence values were estimated for breast and colorectal cancer with about @number@ and over @number@ cases in @number@ respectively.
in the 2000s the mortality rates declined for all cancers except skin melanoma and female lung cancer , for which the mortality was almost stable.
conclusion : this paper provides a description of the burden of the major cancers in abruzzo and molise until @number@
the increase in cancer survival , added to population aging , will inflate the cancer prevalence.
in order to better evaluate the cancer burden in the two regions , it would be important to implement cancer registration.
aims and background : model-based estimates and projections of epidemiological indicators related to cancer are important tools to support public health policies and planning.
published data from the italian cancer registries were modeled in order to estimate regional cancer survival.
estimated incidence rates were validated with observed incidence rates obtained from the umbria regional cancer registry.
the incidence rates were increasing for female lung cancer , male colorectal cancer , and melanoma.
by contrast , the rates have been declining for cervix and stomach cancer.
the incidence rates of breast cancer rose , reaching a plateau in the mid 2010s.
favorable mortality trends were predicted for all cancers except skin melanoma and lung cancer in women.
aging , screening , and more complex and costly treatments pose a problem of sustainability and selection of interventions to the regional oncology system.
evaluation of effectiveness of intervention and cost-benefit analyses will be important to ensure cancer control in the future.
the incidence rates for lung cancer will continue to decrease only in men ( down to @number@ per @number@ in @number@ ) .
conclusion : these estimates confirmed the epidemiological patterns in time trends of major cancer sites recorded in friuli venezia giulia.
aims and background : the regional health care system of liguria caters for a resident population which is among the oldest in europe.
methods : the estimated figures were obtained by applying the miamod method.
starting from mortality and survival data , incidence and prevalence were derived using a statistical back-calculation approach.
survival was modeled on the basis of published data from the italian cancer registries.
the miamod method was applied also to estimate the colorectal cancer incidence , mortality and prevalence rates in the ligurian provinces in the period 1988-2015.
results : in @number@ about @number@ new cases of breast cancer were expected in ligurian women.
the estimates for the other cancer sites were considerably lower , ranging from @number@ ( colon-rectum ) to @number@ ( cervix ) .
conclusion : in liguria a large portion of the health expenditure has been devoted to diagnostic and therapeutic resources.
this may have contributed to the reduction of mortality rates and to the improvement of cancer survival.
this phenomenon , added to population aging , will inflate the cancer prevalence.
one of the major challenges for the liguria region is to face the increasing demand for oncology services.
the human brain is a complex network that is known to be affected by normal aging.
graph-based analysis has been used to estimate functional brain network efficiency and effects of normal aging on small-worldness have been reported.
we found that both small-worldness and modularity were negatively correlated with increasing age but that this decline was relatively slow.
recent reports suggested that microrna ( mirna ) profiling of biological fluids has emerged as a diagnostic tool for several pathologic conditions.
on the other hand , csf mir-29a and mir-29b levels were significantly higher than in control subjects.
our results provide a possibility that mirnas detected in plasma and csf can serve as biomarkers for ad.
in experiment @number@ temporal correspondence was disrupted by limiting the lifetimes of the moving surface points.
in contrast , the older adults needed a much longer surface point lifetime of approximately @number@ views in order to reliably perform the same task.
in experiment @number@ the negative effect of age upon 3-d shape discrimination from motion was replicated.
in this experiment , however , the participants ' abilities to discriminate grating orientation and speed were also assessed.
edden et al.
( @number@ ) have recently demonstrated that behavioral grating orientation discrimination correlates with gaba ( gamma aminobutyric acid ) concentration in human visual cortex.
this result suggests that the age-related decline in 3-d shape discrimination from motion is related to decline in gaba concentration in visual cortex.
this immune dysregulation may affect conditions associated with chronic inflammation , such as atherosclerosis and alzheimer's disease.
background : biophysical skin measurement techniques are widely used to quantify the skin barrier function.
in clinical research usually several parameters are subsequently measured in the same skin areas.
methods : an exploratory study was conducted.
results : sch and skin surface ph seemed to be unaffected by previous measurement procedures.
tewl was systematically increased after ph and systematically decreased after stratum corneum measurements.
conclusions : measurements per se might interact with the skin , thus changing its characteristics.
an ongoing concern in long-term care ( ltc ) is that pain problems are often not identified correctly.
there is also evidence that behavioral disturbance due to pain is misattributed to psychiatric conditions and consequently frequently treated with psychotropic rather than analgesic medication.
this can result in unnecessary polypharmacy and ineffective pain management.
psychotropic medication reduction would help address the problem of polypharmacy frequently seen in ltc facilities.
prn medications were also examined.
this investigation involved a two group design ( control vs. assessment ) .
a mixed methods analysis included both quantitative and qualitative procedures.
pain levels were comparable between the groups.
health care staff indicated that the protocol resulted in more careful evaluation of residents ' pain and greater appropriateness of prescriptions including reductions in polypharmacy.
background : with aging , the human fracture risks gradually increase.
this is mainly due to the corresponding changes of the biomechanical parameters of human bone presents with aging.
we measured the microstructural parameters of lumbar bone from women in several age groups by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy.
we observed changes in lumbar cancellous bone mineral density and in biomechanical parameters with aging to elucidate the relationship between age and risk of fracture.
we provide theoretical support for human pathology , fracture risk increased with age and the individualized of each age group.
conventional lumbar separation was performed by removing soft tissue and subsidiary structures , leaving only the vertebral body.
conclusions : in women aged @number@ to @number@ years , the rod-like and plate-like tb.th of the vertebral body decreased , while tb.sp increased.
additionally , the density , elastic modulus , and ultimate stress of the cancellous bone decreased with age.
these associated changes in bone microstructure , density , and biomechanics with age may lead to an increasing risk of osteoporosis and fracture.
objectives : testosterone deficiency syndrome ( tds ) is common among male patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
we compared the characteristics of tds in men with ckd versus renal transplantation ( rt ) with those of age-matched normal controls.
we performed estimates of testosterone , hemoglobin ( hgb ) , hematocrit ( hct ) , glucose , creatinine , and lipid profile.
we also investigated morning erection as well as the presence and duration of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) .
rt recipients beyond the early acute posttransplant period , displayed serum testosterone levels and tds prevalence similar to those of healthy controls.
unlike ckd patients and normal controls , serum testosterone did not significantly influence tds symptoms in rt recipients.
lumbar puncture for testing of alzheimer's disease pathophysiology for diagnostic confirmation is likely to become more common in the coming years.
minimizing adverse effects from this testing will be essential for clinical practice.
small bore , atraumatic needles reduce the occurrence of post-lumbar puncture headache ( plph ) .
our goal was to extend this recommendation specifically to a well-characterized aging population.
we assessed plph in the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative cohort and found that plph occurrence was reduced only when using a @number@ gauge atraumatic needle.
we recommend that lumbar punctures for clinical and research purposes in alzheimer's disease be conducted with @number@ gauge atraumatic needles.
we showed that female fertility was decreased in the biopsied mouse model with an increase in age.
thus , additional studies should be performed to assess the overall risk of blastomere biopsies during pgd procedures.
ellagitannins are extracted from oak wood during wine aging in oak barrels.
by forming mtor complex , it regulates cellular activities by phosphorylating its downstream proteins , such as s6 protein kinase and 4e-bp1.
in recent years , the role of mtorc1 in regulating aging is gradually recognized.
this review focuses on recent advances of mtor and aging related diseases in hematopoietic and other organ systems.
is the functional influence of selfreference still present when the individual's memory and identity are impaired ?
these results should open new perspectives for the development of rehabilitation programs for memory deficits.
the skin is an indicator of overall health throughout life , and the skin's lifelong care and environment are reflected with aging.
immunological impairment is also implicated as a part of the pathogenesis in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
the aim of this study was to investigate whether ad patients present with a different cmv-specific cd8 immune profile compared to non-demented controls.
blood samples from @number@ ad patients and @number@ age-matched controls were analysed for hla-type , cmv serostatus and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
interestingly , patients with ad showed a decreased proportion of cmv-specific cd8 cells but no difference in general cd8 differentiation.
we have shown that these mice support the replication of both hbv and all six major hcv genotypes.
current yearly influenza virus vaccines induce strain-specific neutralizing antibody ( nab ) responses providing protective immunity to closely matched viruses.
thus , there has been considerable emphasis on understanding broadly protective immunological mechanisms for influenza virus.
recent studies have implicated memory cd4 t cells in heterotypic immunity in animal models and in human challenge studies.
here we examined how influenza virus vaccination boosted cd4 t cell responses in younger versus aged humans.
pre-existing cd4 t cell responses were associated with more robust responses to influenza virus np + m , but not h1 or h3.
finally pre-existing strain-specific nab decreased the boosting of cd4 t cell responses.
ames dwarf ( prop1 ( df / df ) ) mice are remarkably long-lived and exhibit many characteristics of delayed aging and extended healthspan.
caloric restriction ( cr ) has similar effects on healthspan and lifespan , and causes an extension of longevity in ames dwarf mice.
this study serves as a particularly important example of knowledge related to addressing aging-associated diseases and disorders that results from studies in long-lived mammals.
as the best model to analyse the role of prelamin a in normal ageing , we used cells from centenarian subjects.
these effects , including the prelamin-a-mediated increase of nuclear 53bp1 , can be reproduced by rapamycin treatment of cells from younger individuals.
these data identify prelamin a and 53bp1 as new targets of rapamycin that are associated with human longevity.
we propose that the reported mechanisms safeguard healthy ageing in humans through adaptation of the nuclear environment to stress stimuli.
this negative relationship suggests that better quality of structural connections allows for more efficient use of task-related gm processing resources.
structure-function relations also predicted task performance , including accuracy and speed of responding.
finally , relations reflected individual differences over and above chronological age.
our findings provide evidence for the role of wm microstructure as a scaffold for the context-relevant utilization of gm regions.
methods : sixty-nine community-dwelling men and women ( 65-90 years ) were recruited.
insulin-glucose dynamics were determined by an intravenous glucose tolerance test , and vitamin d metabolites were measured.
a wealth of published evidence showed that telomere stability can be more affected than the bulk of the genome by several conventional antineoplasic drugs.
these results raise the interesting possibility that ct with genotoxic drugs preferentially target telomeres.
nowadays , the ovarian reserve ( or ) is considered more important than chronological age to estimate female reproductive capability.
the basal amh , afc and maximum serum level of 17β-estradiol before pickup continue to show higher correlation to pregnancy rate.
the maximum endometrial thickness at pickup resulted important to predict the pregnancy rate and the chances to detect ongoing pregnancy.
qualitative research offers important insights into the subjectivity , complexity , and relationality of care.
in this article , we examine the particular processes and relationships involved in doing qualitative research about care with older people in rural places.
aim : to investigate the relationship between anticholinergic drug use and one-year outcome of elderly patients hospitalised via the emergency department.
methods : prospective , multicentre , cohort study of patients aged @number@ years and older.
comprehensive geriatric evaluation was performed.
we included in this analysis all patients for whom data on drug use was available.
anticholinergic drugs were coded using the online database \ "thesorimed \ ".
one-year mortality and nursing home admission were analysed using a cox model , with matching on the propensity to use anticholinergic drugs.
results : in total , @number@ subjects were included in this analysis , average age 85±6 years , @percent@ women.
overall , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were taking at least one anticholinergic drug.
no significant relationship was observed between anticholinergic drug use and the main endpoints.
background : dietary patterns can be identified using a priori and a posterior approaches.
few studies have related dietary patterns with cognitive impairment in chinese population.
this study examined the risk of cognitive impairment associated with dietary patterns identified by both approaches.
dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
adherence to a priori dietary patterns , namely the mediterranean diet score ( mds ) was assessed.
cognitive function was assessed by the community screening instrument for dementia ( csi-d ) .
multivariate logistic regression examined the risk of cognitive impairment with adjustment for potential confounders.
results : a total of @number@ men and @number@ women was classified as cognitive impaired.
neither the mds nor the dietary patterns identified by fa were associated with risk of cognitive impairment in men.
there was no association of \ "meat-fish \ " pattern or the mds with risk of cognitive impairment in women.
setting : the study occurred in nursing homes and hospitalised settings.
participants : older adults with dementia over the age of @number@ were recruited.
@number@ participants ( aged @number@.9 + / -8.4years , mmse @time@ + / -8.13 ) took part.
intervention ( if any ) : on the intervention day nutritional supplement drinks were provided three times.
each drink provided @number@.3 + / -41.8 kcal of energy and @number@.8 + / -4.7g of protein.
supplements were removed approximately @number@ hour before meals were served and weighed waste ( g ) was obtained.
results : more people achieved their energy and protein requirements with the supplement drink intervention with no sufficient impact on habitual food consumption.
design : longitudinal , observational study.
setting : community-dwelling subjects.
participants : male and female subjects between @number@ and @number@ years of age with mild to moderate ad.
intervention : none.
results : the repeated measures models confirmed a significant association between the ds and total care cost indicating an increase in cost with increasing dependence.
a 1-unit increase in ds score was associated with a @percent@ increase in total care cost.
conclusion : strategies which prevent deterioration in clinical measures or delay dependence should result in total cost savings.
the quantitative relationships observed should assist in the economic assessment of interventions which effect cognition , function , behaviour and dependence.
in parallel , dementia and cognitive disorders also represent major healthcare and social priorities.
although physical frailty and cognitive impairment have shown to be related in epidemiological studies , their pathophysiological mechanisms have been usually studied separately.
specific aim of this approach was to facilitate the design of future personalized preventive interventions in older persons.
under different circumstances , cognitive frailty may represent a precursor of neurodegenerative processes.
a potential for reversibility may also characterize this entity.
a psychological component of the condition is evident and concurs at increasing the vulnerability of the individual to stressors.
there is no study that compares the elderly cases of asah who receive the definitive treatment with those who treated conservatively.
the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the definitive surgery for the acute subarachnoid cases aged @number@ or older.
methods : we reviewed @number@ consecutive cases with acute asah with surgical indication for aneurysm repair.
inoperable cases such as dead-on-arrival and the cases with both pupils dilated were excluded.
we compared the cases aged @number@ or older that received clipping or coil embolization with the controls that the family selected conservative treatment.
results : @number@ cases were included in this study ( ranged 80-98 , male : female = 9 : 60 ) .
@number@ cases ( @percent@ ) had an aneurysm in the anterior circulation.
@number@ cases received clipping , @number@ cases coil embolization and @number@ cases treated conservatively.
conclusions : better prognosis was obtained when ruptured aneurysm was repaired in the elderly than it was treated conservatively.
from the results of this study , we should not hesitate to offer the definitive surgery for the elderly with asah.
extant gsmm-based methods aim at identifying drug targets that would kill the target cell , focusing on antibiotics or cancer treatments.
however , normal human metabolism is altered in many diseases and the therapeutic goal is fundamentally different to retrieve the healthy state.
here we present a generic metabolic transformation algorithm ( mta ) addressing this issue.
first , the prediction accuracy of mta is comprehensively validated using data sets of known perturbations.
second , two predicted yeast lifespan-extending genes , gre3 and adh2 , are experimentally validated , together with their associated hormetic effect.
mta offers a promising new approach for the identification of drug targets in metabolically related disorders.
in this review , we focus on these @number@ areas and investigate the solutions and problems addressed by previous research.
over @number@ mutations in the lmna gene , encoding a-type lamins , are associated with @number@ human degenerative disorders and premature aging syndromes.
thus , a region encompassing exons 8-11 seems essential for genome integrity.
structural covariance inequality between the fear of losses and physical appearance factors was shown between males and females.
conclusions : findings indicate that the original aas measures four distinct dimensions of anxiety about aging.
the success of antiretroviral therapy has led some people to now ask whether the end of aids is possible.
cumulative toxic effects from exposure to antiretroviral drugs for decades can cause clinically-relevant metabolic disturbances and end-organ damage.
the overall mycological cure at the end of the 2-year study showed a comparable benefit between the two groups.
heart failure ( hf ) is a common clinical syndrome with frequent exacerbations requiring hospitalization.
in achf ; left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) percent was reduced.
furthermore ; inos and ho-1 expression and cytokines plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with achf as compared to controls group.
moreover the enzyme activity presents an opposite trend compared to that obtained in the analysis of the transcript and proteins.
purpose of review : to review the recent findings on the relationships between delirium and cognitive decline in the elderly.
findings on cognitive trajectories and domains affected contribute to better understanding of the clinical nature of cognitive impairment after delirium.
volume loss and disruption of white matter integrity may represent early mri markers for long-term cognitive impairment.
neurodegenerative and low-level chronic inflammatory processes predispose to exaggerated response to incident stimuli that may precipitate both acute brain dysfunction and persisting cerebral damage.
summary : still little is known about the relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectories in the elderly , and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
the association of neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of cognitive impairment after delirium.
the hypothetical role of several other factors remains to be clarified.
the decline in functional capacity is a heterogeneous phenomenon in the elderly.
an accelerated ageing determines a frail status.
it results in an increased vulnerability to stressors for decreased physiological reserves.
the early identification of a frail status is essential for preventing loss of functional capacity , and its clinical consequences.
several minerals , namely magnesium , selenium , and zinc , appear to be important determinants of igf-1 bioactivity.
children and adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) have similarities and differences in their background characteristics , hemodynamics , and clinical manifestations.
nevertheless , the pharmacokinetic effects of @number@ major pulmonary vasodilators appear to be similar in children and adults with pah.
this review focuses on the specific pathophysiologic features of pah in children.
background : there is a need for short , specific instruments that assess quality of life ( qol ) adequately in the older adult population.
normative values were calculated across countries and for different age groups.
results : the satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices confirmed that the factorial structure of whoqol-age comprises two first-order factors.
cronbach's alpha was @number@ for factor @number@ and @number@ for factor @number@
convergent validity was estimated at r = @number@ and adequate discriminant validity was also found.
conclusions : whoqol-age has shown good psychometric properties in finland , poland , and spain.
methods : the study was a randomized controlled trial with repeated follow-ups.
the intervention group received a case management intervention which comprised monthly home visits during @number@ months by nurses and physiotherapists employing a multifactorial preventive approach.
there were @number@ and @number@ injurious falls ( p = @number@ ) in the intervention and control groups , respectively.
conclusions : this home-based case management intervention was not able to prevent falls or injurious falls.
this study investigated associations between variables of trunk muscle strength ( tms ) , spinal mobility , and balance in seniors.
significant correlations were detected between all measures of tms and static steady-state balance ( r = .43-.57 , p < @number@ ) .
significant correlations were observed between specific measures of tms and dynamic steady-state balance ( r = .42-.55 , p < @number@ ) .
no significant correlations were found between all variables of tms and reactive / proactive balance and between all variables of spinal mobility and balance.
regression analyses revealed that tms explains between 1-33% of total variance of the respective balance parameters.
adenosine-to-inosine ( a-to-i ) substitutions are the most common type of rna editing in mammals.
a-to-i rna editing is particularly widespread in the brain and is known to play important roles in neuronal functions.
in this study we investigated rna-editing changes during human brain development and maturation , as well as evolutionary conservation of rna-editing patterns across primates.
we observed substantial conservation of rna-editing levels between the brain regions , as well as among the three primate species.
across lifespan , we observed an increase of the rna-editing level with advanced age in both brain regions of all three primate species.
the reliable neuroimaging finding that older adults often show greater activity ( over-recruitment ) than younger adults is typically attributed to compensation.
yet , the neural mechanisms of over-recruitment in older adults ( oas ) are largely unknown.
extrapolating to system-level measures in humans , we proposed and tested the hypothesis that greater activity in oas compensates for impaired white-matter connectivity.
using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging , we compared activity for successful versus unsuccessful trials during a source memory task.
finally , we measured white-matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging.
the study yielded @number@ main findings.
first , low-executive oas showed greater success-related activity in the pfc , whereas low-memory oas showed greater success-related activity in the mtls.
second , low-executive oas displayed white-matter deficits in the pfc , whereas low-memory oas displayed white-matter deficits in the mtls.
finally , in both prefrontal and mtl regions , white-matter decline and success-related activations occurred in close proximity and were negatively correlated.
this finding supports the less-wiring-more-firing hypothesis , which provides a testable account of compensatory over-recruitment in oas.
both groups wore an actigraph accelerometer for one week.
sedentary behavior averaged @number@ hr / day for the nyc sample and @number@ hr / day for the nhanes sample.
the nyc sample spent a longer proportion of time in sedentary behavior and light activities , but more time in mvpa than the nhanes sample.
urbanicity may explain some of the differences between the two samples.
osteoprotegerin ( opg ) , transforming growth factor-β1 ( tgf-β1 ) and tgf-β2 are cytokines closely associated with bone metabolism.
however , their association with bone turnover markers in native chinese women remains unknown.
the cross-sectional study was conducted on @number@ healthy chinese women ( 20-80 years old ) .
tgf-β1 was a negative determinative factor for bap , oc , sctx and uctx , which could explain @number@.7-7.3% of the variation in these markers.
the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis has evolved over the past @number@ years to emphasize the relationship between compromised bone strength and fracture susceptibility.
the goal of treatment of osteoporosis is fracture prevention.
this is the first application of the validated hebrew version of this questionnaire to israeli nurses in order to evaluate factors affecting their work ability.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted among @number@ nurses from two general hospitals in israel ( @percent@ female ) .
results : a significant negative correlation was found between the wai score and age , years in current job , and number of reported diagnoses.
the most frequently reported illnesses ( as diagnosed by a physician ) were musculoskeletal disorders , endocrine / metabolic diseases , and cardiovascular diseases.
conclusions : mean wai score found in israeli hospital nurses is relatively high as compared with that of european nurses.
it gradually decreases with age.
as retirement age is currently advancing , keeping elderly workers in the workforce is of prime importance.
unlabelled : background / study context : arousal and negative affect modulate the effect of emotion on the subjective experience of the passage of time.
results : mci and alzheimer's patients showed significantly poorer performances in tasks requiring verbal memory of musical excerpts than the healthy participants.
for discrimination of musical excerpts , mci and ad patients surprisingly performed significantly better than the healthy comparison subjects.
conclusion : our results support the notion of a specialized memory system for music.
there also exists a range of functioning on executive tasks during normal aging.
regression analyses were used to determine associations between vascular aging indices and qualitative performance measures.
descriptive statistics are included for @number@ cognitively normal individuals.
results : results suggest that although qualitative errors do occur , they are relatively infrequent within a presumably cognitively normal sample.
error commission rates on executive functioning tests are significantly associated with both age and education.
conclusion : provided is a baseline profile of errors committed on tests of executive function across a range of age and educational levels.
participants completed an eight-item paired associates task daily over a 7-day period.
after controlling for age-related effects , both higher working memory and higher processing speed had a positive effect on all three learning parameters.
conclusion : these results emphasize the role of cognitive abilities for individual differences in task-specific learning of older adults.
unlabelled : background / study context : physical performance measures have been found to be strong predictors of adverse outcomes in aging populations.
few studies have examined the predictive ability of physical performance measures exclusively within populations of the very old.
conclusion : these findings indicate that physical performance measures may be less predictive of short-term mortality in very old mexican americans than previously thought.
more research is needed to understand this relationship.
this review focuses on the fluorescent protein microarrays applied to neurodegenerative disorders , a major health problem in our aging society.
biomarker discovery studies and work on new diagnostic tests are both included.
numerous studies have shown that activation of the p53 / p21 pathway inhibits the proliferation of bm-mscs.
we further confirmed that bm-mscs from sle patients showed characteristics of senescence.
our results demonstrated that p53 / p21 pathway played an important role in the senescence process of bm-mscs from sle.
negative stereotypes about aging can impair older adults ' memory via stereotype threat ; however , the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear.
in two experiments , we tested competing predictions derived from two theoretical accounts of stereotype threat : executive-control interference and regulatory fit.
older adults completed a working memory test either under stereotype threat about age-related memory declines or not under such threat.
monetary incentives were manipulated such that recall led to gains or forgetting led to losses.
the account predicts that stereotype threat decreases the availability of executive-control resources and hence should impair working memory performance.
results were consistent only with the regulatory-fit account.
background : dementia with lewy bodies is one of the most prevalent dementia diagnoses.
method : a literature review of dementia with lewy bodies , alzheimer's disease , and parkinson's disease with dementia was conducted using pubmed.
however , there has been lack of comparison with demographics of each fracture.
results : the incidences of femoral neck , intertrochanteric , and subtrochanteric fractures were @number@ @number@ and @number@ per @number@ persons , respectively.
the incidences of subtrochanteric fractures insensibly increased , while the incidences of femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures exponentially increased with aging.
methods : we systematically searched medline , embase , web of science , and cochrane library databases up to @date@ .
reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed.
the dose-response relationships were assessed by using generalized least-squares trend estimation.
results : six prospective cohort studies were identified involving @number@ cases and @number@ participants.
introduction : the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) plays a major role in the physiology of the central nervous system.
we propose a method for evaluating cp functionality in vivo using perfusion mr imaging and establish the age-related changes of associated parameters.
methods : fifteen patients with small intracranial tumors were retrospectively studied.
mr imaging was performed on a 3t mr scanner.
gradient-echo echo planar images were acquired after bolus injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent ( ca ) .
the software developed used the combined t1- and t2-effects.
the decomposition of the relaxivity signals enables the calculation of the cp capillary permeability ( k2 ) .
results : the mean permeability k2 of the extracted cp was @number@.033 + / -0.18 s ( @number@ ) .
k2 and ssd significantly decreased with subject's age whereas mtt significantly increased with subject's age.
no significant correlation was found for age-related changes in rcbv and rcbf.
conclusion : the decrease in cp permeability is in line with the age-related changes in csf secretion observed in animals.
the mtt increase indicates significant structural changes corroborated by microscopy studies in animals or humans.
overall , dsc mr-perfusion enables an in vivo evaluation of the hemodynamic state of cp.
clinical applications such as neurodegenerative diseases could be considered thanks to specific functional studies of cp.
background and aims : frailty is a common situation that often influences clinical outcomes , disability or institutionalization.
methods : observational study performed on hospitalized patients aged @number@ years or more.
the hgs was measured twice : at hospital admission and discharge.
the statistical analysis was performed using spss , version @number@ for windows.
the χ ( @number@ ) test was used to evaluate the relationship between hgs and different variables.
three-month and 1-year survival and hospital re-admissions have been analyzed using kaplan-meier's curves.
the analyses have been adjusted for age and gender.
results : a total of @number@ hospitalized patients have been recruited.
of them , @number@ were males.
the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
moreover , patients were not cognitively impaired [ spmsq ( short portable mental status questionnaire ) m ± sd = @number@ ± @number@ ] .
same results were observed at 1-year follow-up ( @number@ % ci = @number@.85-9.84 ; p = @number@ ) .
there was no significant relationship between hgs and hospital re-admissions.
conclusions : effects of strength reduction occurring during a period of hospitalization could produce effects even after hospitalization itself.
this increases the relevance of maintaining usual physical performance of patients even during hospitalization.
method : cross-sectional study of two cohort of individuals with and without steatosis , with assessment of several clinical and laboratory variables.
prospective evaluation of liver steatosis remodeling after six years of follow-up.
one hundred and fifty-six subjects aged over @number@ years were enrolled.
results : serum a-fabp positively correlated with body fat percentage , total cholesterol , serum triglycerides and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
conclusion : among individuals aging more than @number@ years included in the study , a-fabp was inversely associated with liver steatosis.
it can be argued , that still uncovered mechanisms modify a-fabp behavior in elderly people , especially its association with multifactorial diseases.
only few studies deal with this topic in a small number of participants.
the expectations of drug treatment effects were not statistically significantly influenced by any variables considered about the patients or the caregivers.
caregivers ' beliefs about the effectiveness of dementia treatment , their expectations and changes in their lives were clear.
summary : the aim of this study was to examine the gender-specific association between sarcopenia and bone geometry / metabolic parameters.
low muscle mass was associated with greater deterioration of bone than in deterioration of glucose or lipid profiles.
this bone-muscle relationship was more prominent in men than in women.
this study aimed to assess the gender-specific influence of muscle mass on bone and metabolic parameters.
we measured bone mineral density ( bmd ) and appendicular muscle mass using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and also measured metabolic profiles.
results : the age-related trend in bone and muscle coincided in men but not in women.
femoral neck ( fn ) and total hip ( th ) bmd were highly correlated with muscle mass in both genders.
however , in women , this correlation was not significant in the lumbar spine ( ls ) .
in addition , this positive correlation was stronger in the fn or th than in the ls and was stronger in men than in women.
the degree of association between muscle mass and metabolic profiles was relatively very weak.
conclusion : bone-muscle relationship was more prominent in men than in women.
the gender differences in bone-muscle relationship may be helpful for the development of gender-specific preventive strategies in the elderly , especially in men.
purpose of review : to summarize the findings of the recent publications on sickle cell bone disease ( sbd ) .
recent findings : individuals with sickle cell disease ( scd ) are living longer and develop progressive organ damage including sbd with age.
recent studies suggest alternative radiological diagnostics such as ultrasound and scintigraphy can detect and differentiate between different forms of sbd.
mri with or without diffusion-weighted sequences remains the gold standard.
case reports of cranio-orofacial sbd highlight the rarity of this presentation.
vitamin d deficiency is highly prevalent at all ages , but may not be an independent risk factor for avascular necrosis ( avn ) .
gene polymorphisms of the annexin a gene may predict avn in scd.
a recent study demonstrated reduced days with pain and improved physical activity quality of life following high-dose vitamin d therapy.
the high rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis in scd support the need for research addressing this rising public health problem.
summary : sbd remains poorly studied.
prospective randomized studies targeting predictors , diagnostics , prevention , and treatment options for sbd are sorely needed.
objectives : this study examines the relationship between transitions in volunteering activity and physical and psychological health outcomes among older adults in taiwan.
method : we used @number@ waves of a longitudinal survey from taiwan ( @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) including @number@ older adults aged 58-74.
results : approximately , @percent@ of older volunteers kept volunteering and @percent@ stopped or started their volunteering over time.
discussion : the results suggest that the positive relationship between volunteering and health may decline when older adults discontinue or withdraw from volunteering.
more research is needed to explore the mechanism behind older people's desistance from , persistence in , and resumption of volunteer engagement.
objectives : why are older people perceived as more competent in some countries relative to others ?
we controlled for the average objective cognitive abilities of the older population in a subsample of @number@ countries.
objectives : this study examines the impact of social ties on the relationship between widowhood and depressive symptoms among the older korean population.
method : data were derived from the baseline survey of the korean longitudinal study of aging.
the sample consisted of @number@ men and @number@ women aged ≥60 years who were married and had at least @number@ child.
the 10-item center for epidemiological studies depression scale was the outcome measure.
multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the influence of social ties as the mediators and moderators on the relationship between widowhood and depressive symptoms.
we explored fear of falling and activity restriction in individuals who have experienced fall-based injuries.
results : females had greater odds of fear of falling than males.
discussion : only severe fall-based injuries are associated with fear of falling and activity restriction , and this relationship is unique to females.
sex differences warrant further investigation and suggest a need for targeted interventions.
unlabelled : loss of muscle strength , flexibility , and balance are strong predictors of falls in the elderly.
objectives : the goal of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week , strength-based exercise program delivered by extension professionals.
results : following programming , participants significantly improved strength , flexibility , and balance.
objective : it is unclear how changes in ovarian hormones during the menopausal transition contribute to age-associated arterial stiffening.
we sought to evaluate differences in arterial stiffness and the role of oxidative stress across the stages of the menopausal transition in healthy women.
results : basal carotid artery compliance was different among the groups ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : arterial stiffening worsens across the stages of the menopausal transition in healthy women.
this seems to be mediated , in part , by oxidative stress , particularly during the late perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods.
it remains uncertain whether this is specifically caused by loss of ovarian function or aging.
objectives : multitasking is a challenging aspect of human behavior , especially if the concurrently performed tasks are different in nature.
several studies demonstrated pronounced performance decrements ( dual-task costs ) in older adults for combinations of cognitive and motor tasks.
however , patterns of costs among component tasks differed across studies and reasons for participants ' resource allocation strategies remained elusive.
the tasks were performed in single- , dual- , and triple-task contexts.
results : working memory accuracy was reduced in dual-task contexts with either sensorimotor task and deteriorated further under triple-task conditions.
postural and force performance deteriorated with age and task difficulty in dual-task contexts.
however , in the triple-task context with its maximum resource demands , older adults prioritized postural control over both force control and memory.
discussion : our results identify ecological relevance as the key factor in older adults ' multitasking.
background : older adults face important risky decisions about their health , their financial future , and their social environment.
we examine age differences in risk-taking behaviors in multiple risk domains across the adult life span.
results : our findings reveal that risk-taking tendencies in the financial domain reduce steeply in older age ( at least for men ) .
ethical and health risk taking reduce relatively smoothly with age.
our findings also reveal gender differences in risk taking with age.
discussion : we discuss possible underlying causes of the domain-specific nature of risk taking and age.
background : leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) ostensibly shortens with age and has been moderately associated with mortality.
in humans , these findings have come almost solely from cross-sectional studies.
only recently has ltl shortening within individuals been analyzed in longitudinal studies.
such studies are relevant to establish ltl dynamics as biomarkers of mortality as well as to disentangle the causality of telomeres on aging.
the latter association might be an epiphenomenon of regression to the mean.
we do not find an association of mortality with either absolute ltl or ltl attrition.
further , we show that dna quality has an impact on ts ratios.
conclusions : this study establishes that certain lifestyle factors influence ltl dynamics.
however , it questions the applicability of ltl dynamics as a predictor of mortality.
we suggest cautiousness when assessing actual ltl attrition due to the need for high-quality dna and the phenomena of regression to the mean.
background : instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) exhibit strong predictive power for the presence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
however , iadls are often less effective in younger cohorts or in healthy community-dwelling samples , presenting with large ceiling effects.
this study aimed to construct an iadl scale with an extended range.
an effort was made to incorporate leisure activity tasks that were more stimulating , and potentially more challenging , into a set of traditional iadls.
dimensionality was further scrutinized by principal component analysis of the residuals.
the predictive validity of the resulting scale for poor cognitive performance was evaluated using logistic regression.
results : a reliable ( ρ = @number@ ) unidimensional construct was established , meeting the mokken item response theory criteria of medium scalability.
conclusions : a reliable extended-iadl scale was constructed meeting item response theory assumptions relating to unidimensionality , monotonicity , and invariant item ordering.
the range of measurement extends well beyond traditional iadl scales.
finally , the scale appears to be sensitive to cognitive differences within the normal spectrum.
mixed model analysis was used to calculate each participant's average hearing threshold deterioration rate during the follow-up period.
we built ordinary least square linear regression models to predict the baseline threshold and deterioration rate.
we also examined the relationship between baseline threshold and the deterioration rate.
results : poorer baseline thresholds were strongly associated with faster hearing deterioration.
botanicals possess numerous bioactivities , and some promote healthy aging.
dietary macronutrients are major determinants of life span.
the interaction between botanicals and macronutrients that modulates life span is not well understood.
flies were supplemented with cranberry on three dietary conditions : standard , high sugar-low protein , and low sugar-high protein diets.
we found that cranberry slightly extended life span in males fed with the low sugar-high protein diet but not with other diets.
life-span extension was associated with increased reproduction and higher expression of oxidative stress and heat shock response genes.
moreover , cranberry improved survival of sod1 knockdown and dfoxo mutant flies but did not increase wild-type fly's resistance to acute oxidative stress.
cranberry slightly extended life span in flies fed with a high-fat diet.
these findings suggest that cranberry promotes healthy aging by increasing stress responsiveness.
our study reveals an interaction of cranberry with dietary macronutrients and stresses the importance of considering diet composition in designing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
species are defined by biological criteria.
this characterization , however , misses the most unique aspect of our species ; namely , an ability to invent technologies that reduce mortality risks.
old animals are rare in nature , but survival to old age has become commonplace in humans.
science now asks how long can humans live , but we suggest a more appropriate question is : how long must humans live ?
three lines of evidence are used to identify the biological equivalent of a warranty period for humans and why it exists.
in this study , energy-regulated molecules were evaluated in the trophocytes and fat cells of young and old workers.
background : the internet is a key provider of health information , but little is known about its associations with cancer-preventive behaviors.
this study investigated the associations between internet use and cancer-preventive behaviors among older adults.
internet use was recorded at each wave.
breast and colorectal screening , fruit and vegetable consumption , physical activity , and smoking were recorded at wave @number@
internet use was higher in younger , male , white , wealthier , more educated respondents , and those without physical limitations.
there was no significant association between internet use and breast screening.
impact : promoting internet use among older adults from all backgrounds could contribute to improving cancer outcomes and reducing inequalities.
a stratified cluster random sampling method was performed , and @number@ ischemic stroke patients ( over @number@ years of age ) were enrolled.
all of the patients had received a neuropsychological assessment battery to assess cognitive function and self-designed questionnaires to collect relevant information.
according to the cognitive status , the patients were divided into two groups , a case group and a control group.
the caregivers of the patients were given a questionnaire concerning the awareness of and attitudes toward vci.
in this study , we determined that the prevalence of vci was @percent@.
a high educational level , a vegetable-based diet , and tea were protective factors for vd.
the prevalence of vci is high in ischemic stroke patients , and there are different impact factors at different stages.
despite the high prevalence of vci , the general public awareness is limited.
appropriate prevention measures should be developed to reduce the prevalence of vci.
background : generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) peaks in prevalence in middle age and declines in prevalence into old age.
some commentators have suggested that this is not a meaningful epidemiological trend rather a methodological artifact.
methods : self-reported worriers from a nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized adults were selected for investigation ( n = 1738 ) .
all respondents were interviewed using the world mental health version of the composite international diagnostic interview.
effect sizes were used to assess the impact of statistically significant criterion level non-invariance on the prevalence of gad.
results : respondents aged @number@ years or more were less likely than younger adults to endorse most of the gad criteria.
significant non-invariance was identified in each of the age group analyses.
nonetheless these differences had no impact on the prevalence of gad in three group comparisons.
in the other three group comparisons , the impact was minimal ( d ≤ @number@ ) .
conclusions : age-related prevalence differences in gad are meaningful epidemiological trends.
the subjects in group h were taking rosuvastatin ( 20mg / d ) for @number@ months before the second scan.
the calcifications in the arteries were determined by ct imaging and the artery pet images were analyzed slice by slice.
in the three groups , the calcified arteries showed no significant differences between t0 and t12 while significant differences were observed for the non-calcified arteries.
however , its neurobiological origin is poorly understood.
patients underwent clinical assessment of their fc and cognitive function as well as objective testing of their attention.
results : covariant perfusion principal components ( pcs ) were not associated with either fc or cognitive or attentional measures in ad.
fc and certain aspects of attentional dysfunction in dlb may , in part , depend upon both distributed motor and non-motor networks.
few longitudinal studies have examined how visual impairment affects mobility as people age.
baseline , 2-year , 6-year , and 8-year visits occurred between @number@ and @number@
random-effects linear regression was used to model factors affecting speed.
these results suggest that the impact of visual impairment on speed is significant but does not change as people age.
background : chronic pain is prevalent among older adults but is underrecognized and undertreated.
we also reviewed guidelines for pain management.
our review encompassed @number@ guidelines , @number@ original studies , and @number@ review articles published from @number@ to the present.
this review does not discuss nonpharmacologic treatments of pain.
results : clinical guidelines support the use of opioids in persistent nonmalignant pain.
in addition , clinical practice guidelines recommend use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with extreme caution and for defined , limited periods.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and free radicals play important roles in the chemical transformation and adverse health effects of environmental aerosols.
quantification was performed by extraction and analysis using hplc with fluorescence detection.
for comparison , the conventional method of collecting aerosols into dichlorofluorescin ( dcfh ) aqueous solution was used as a reference.
ros concentrations between 50-565 nmol m ( @number@ ) were detected in fresh soa and shs samples.
after shs aging for @number@ h , 13-18% of the initial ros mass remained , suggesting the presence of persistent ros.
l is also the dominant carotenoid in the brain.
the purpose of this study was to provide a first test of this hypothesis.
mp optical density was measured in all subjects via customized heterochromatic flicker photometry.
results : mp optical density was significantly ( p < @number@ ) related to reaction time and to balance ability for the older subjects.
discussion : l and z status has been linked to benefits in cognitive function in past research.
additionally , during normal aging and in ad , the permeability of the brain barriers increase.
herein , we provide a review on how the brain barriers change during aging and in ad and how these processes impact on brain function.
the accurate age estimation of adults is an important step in the construction of the biological profile of skeletonized remains.
this study presents the results of a blind test of the revised auricular surface aging method developed by buckberry and chamberlain.
a sample of @number@ individuals from the athens collection was used to test this revised aging technique.
almost all features and composite score were positively correlated with known age-at-death.
the calculation of bias demonstrated no obvious trend for either overestimation or underestimation of age when all individuals were pooled together.
inaccuracy showed that absolute errors of estimated ages against known ages are substantial.
the data generated from this study suggest that the revised method can be reliable for age estimation on a modern european population.
there is a growing body of research on the modifiability of executive functions in different stages of life.
previous studies demonstrate robust training effects but limited transfer in younger and particularly in older adults.
fifty-nine healthy adults , @number@ young and @number@ older adults , were randomly assigned to either training or no-contact control groups.
the training groups received @number@ sessions of executive process training for about @number@ min / session during @number@ weeks.
a test battery including a criterion task and near , intermediate , and far transfer tasks was administered before and after training.
results showed pronounced age-equivalent gains on the criterion task.
near transfer was seen to non-trained updating and inhibition tasks for the young and older trained participants.
however , only the young adults showed intermediate transfer to two complex working memory tasks.
no far transfer effects were seen for either age group.
we also estimated a discrete time hazard model that predicted first reported episode of homelessness.
results : youths aging out of foster care are at high risk for becoming homeless during the transition to adulthood.
between @percent@ and @percent@ of our study participants had been homeless at least once by age @number@ years.
conclusions : policy and practice changes are needed to reduce the risk that youths in foster care will become homeless after aging out.
estimation of age at death from adult skeletal remains is highly problematic , due in great part to interpopulation variability in skeletal age changes.
thorough testing of aging methods is therefore of key importance.
results showed that @percent@ were correctly assigned to age class using this method.
this compares with @percent@ reported by calce on 20th century north american material.
this indicates significant interpopulation differences in the relationship between the calce acetabular variables and age , even between populations of european ancestry.
until the sources of this variation are better understood , caution should be used before applying this method to estimate age in unknown skeletons.
materials and methods : eighty human molars were embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned @number@ mm below the occlusal plane.
bonding surfaces of @number@ y-tzp specimens received vi treatment , and the rest received si treatment.
half of the ceramic-tooth assemblies were cemented with panavia , the rest with clearfil.
shear tests were executed using @number@.4-mm-thick wire at @number@ mm / min.
data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) .
fractures were analyzed.
most failures were in adhesive at dentin-cement interfaces ; no failure occurred between zirconia and cement.
conclusion : when y-tzp ceramic is bonded to dentin , the weakest interface is that between dentin and resin cement.
the resin cement / y-tzp interface was less susceptible to failures , owing to y-tzp surface treatments.
objective : we examined disparities in hazardous employment characteristics and working conditions among chinese and white workers in toronto , canada.
design : we used self-administered questionnaire data from a 2005-2006 population-based survey ( n = @number@ ) .
using modified poisson regression , we examined the likelihood for chinese workers of experiencing adverse exposures compared to whites.
models were stratified by sex and adjusted for differences in human capital.
work sector was conceptualized as a mediating variable.
results : chinese workers were generally more likely to report adverse exposures.
in many cases , disparities were only evident or more pronounced among women.
the shorter length of time in canada of chinese relative to whites accounted for some of the observed disparities.
meanwhile , the higher educational level of chinese compared to whites provided them with no protection from adverse exposures.
conclusions : discrimination is far more prevalent among chinese than among whites and may explain their disproportionate exposure to other hazards.
there is clear evidence of a deficit in episodic memory for older adults compared to younger adults.
using an intertrial technique previous research has investigated whether this deficit can be attributed to a decline in encoding or consolidation.
on standard memory tests , these two aspects of memory function can be measured by examining the items forgotten or acquired across multiple learning trials.
the present study assessed whether age deficits in episodic memory were affected by stimulus characteristics , specifically age of acquisition ( aoa ) .
a standard intertrial design was implemented whereby participants studied word lists over several study-test trials.
the stimulus characteristics of aoa were manipulated using a pure-list technique.
our findings showed that older adults demonstrate an overall recall deficit which appeared to be a consequence of both an encoding deficit and consolidation weakness.
earlier-acquired words were recalled significantly better than later-acquired words and this was apparently due to both enhanced encoding and consolidation of earlier- over later-acquired words.
a series of logistic regression models was estimated to identify reasons for dental non-attendance across different welfare-state regimes.
this could be relevant information for health-care decision makers in order to prioritize interventions towards increasing rates of regular dental attendance.
sleep apnea has been recognized as a factor predisposing to atrial fibrillation recurrence and progression.
the effect of other sleep-disturbing conditions on atrial fibrillation progression is not known.
we sought to determine whether frequent periodic leg movement during sleep is a risk factor for progression of atrial fibrillation.
frequent leg movement during sleep in patients with restless legs syndrome is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation to persistent and permanent forms.
the present study evaluated whether vascular and inflammatory markers influence the relationship between bmi and white matter in healthy aging.
participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging , provided blood samples , and participated in a health evaluation.
vascular risk factors and vascular / inflammatory blood markers were assessed.
vascular and inflammatory factors influenced the association between bmi and fa.
depression debilitates the lives of millions and is projected to be the second leading disease burden worldwide by @number@
at the population level , the causes of depression are found in the everyday social and physical environments in which people live.
research has shown that men and women often experience neighbourhood environments differently and that these variations are often reflected in health outcomes.
the current study examines whether social and environmental correlates of depression are similar in men and women.
depressive symptoms and social capital were measured with a questionnaire.
neighbourhood disadvantage was measured at the census tract level using data from the @number@ canada census.
multilevel logistic regression stratified by gender and a three-step mediation analysis procedure were used.
final sample size for these analyses was @number@ adults.
depressive symptoms had a prevalence of @percent@ in the overall sample.
disadvantage was associated with depressive symptoms in women only ( or = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@ @date@ ) .
other socio-relational variables , specifically generalized trust and trust in neighbours were associated with depression in women but did not act as mediating variables.
health promotion initiatives meant to combat depression may wish to consider gender differences in the design and implementation of neighbourhood or peer-based programs.
in this study , an in silico modeling approach is taken to investigate the effects of mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics on mutant mtdna accumulation.
however , our simulations suggest that the protective ability of retrograde signalling depends on the efficiency of fusion-fission process.
the testosterone of men in industrial societies peaks in their twenties and tends to decline with increasing age.
accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau has been observed in the brain of aging and tauopathies.
tau was observed in microglia , but its role is not illustrated.
it was also found that expression of tau40 promoted microglial migration and phagocytosis , but not proliferation.
these data suggest a novel role of human 2n / 4r tau in microglial activation.
background : sleep plays a pivotal role in normal biological functions.
sleep loss results in higher stress vulnerability and is often found in mental disorders.
there is evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) could be a central player in this relationship.
recently , we could demonstrate that subjects suffering from current symptoms of insomnia exhibited significantly decreased serum bdnf levels compared with sleep-healthy controls.
we found a significant interaction between stress and insomnia with an impact on serum bdnf levels.
moreover , insomnia severity groups and score on the pss each revealed a significant main effect on serum bdnf levels.
insomnia severity was associated with increased stress experience affecting serum bdnf levels.
of note , the association between stress and bdnf was only observed in subjects without insomnia.
using a mediation model , sleep was revealed as a mediator of the association between stress experience and serum bdnf levels.
hence , we suggest sleep as a key mediator at the connection between stress and bdnf.
whether sleep is maintained or disturbed might explain why some individuals are able to handle a certain stress load while others develop a mental disorder.
methods : forty oadm subjects ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ ) complicated by v-csh were recruited.
exercise sessions were supervised by a certified exercise trainer three times per week.
conclusions : aerobic training has no effect on the sbp response to csm in oadm subjects with v-csh.
unlike in other neuroautonomic etiologies for fainting , aerobic exercise is not effective as a treatment for v-csh , at least in the oadm population.
background and aims : adipokine levels may have a role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of malnutrition.
methods : in this cross-sectional observational study , we enrolled subjects over @number@ years.
patients ' demographic and medical data were recorded and anthropometric measurements were performed.
laboratory parameters including leptin , igf-1 , igfbp-3 , il-6 , tnf-α were measured.
we defined malnutrition according to mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) scale.
patients were divided into four groups according to bmi quartiles.
results : average age of the patients was @number@ ± @number@ years , @number@ % female and @number@ % male.
mna total and screening scores were positively correlated with albumin , bmi , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
bmi was positively correlated with leptin and triglyceride levels.
leptin levels were similar among nutritional state groups.
neither bmi nor mna scores had any significant correlation with adiponectin , ghrelin , igf-1 , or igfbp-3.
conclusions : adipokine levels do not seem to give relevant information in nutritional state assessment.
it remains controversial whether apoe e4 polymorphism is related to cognitive function in general population.
we aimed to evaluate an association between the apoe e4 genotype and cognitive function , and whether this association may differ by age.
cognitive function was assessed using the korean version of modified mini-mental state examination ( k-mmmse ) in @number@ koreans aged 45-74 years in namwon city.
according to the apoe e4 status , all participants were classified as non-carriers , heterozygotes , or homozygotes.
multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between apoe genotypes and cognition.
the present study demonstrates that the effect of apoe e4 on cognitive function depends on age and education.
loss of cognitive function is one the most devastating manifestations of ageing and vascular disease.
cognitive decline is rapidly becoming an important cause of disability worldwide and contributes significantly to increased mortality.
there is growing evidence that hypertension is the most important modifiable vascular risk factor for development and progression of both cognitive decline and dementia.
high blood pressure contributes to cerebral small and large vessel disease resulting in brain damage and dementia.
a decline in cerebrovascular reserve capacity and emerging degenerative vascular wall changes underlie complete and incomplete brain infarcts , haemorrhages and white matter hyperintensities.
this review discusses the complexity of factors linking hypertension to brain functional and structural changes , and to cognitive decline and dementia.
furthermore , we intended to replicate the previous association of the sod2 snp rs4880 with longevity observed in a danish cohort.
our results suggest that there is no considerable influence of sequence variation in the sod genes on human longevity in germans.
summary : the present cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and clarified its associated factors in @number@ elderly participants of japanese population-based cohorts.
presence of sarcopenia was determined according to the ewgsop algorithm.
information collected included exercise habits in middle age.
exercise habit in middle age was associated with low prevalence of sarcopenia in older age.
the two korean cohorts were combined.
there was no interaction for femoral neck or total hip bmd.
there were no significant race / ethnic differences in the odds ratio of fracture by bmd.
background : the optimal schedule and the need for a booster dose are unclear for haemophilus influenzae type b ( hib ) conjugate vaccines.
we systematically reviewed relative effects of hib vaccine schedules.
outcomes were clinical efficacy , nasopharyngeal carriage and immunological response.
results were combined in random-effects meta-analysis.
no trials assessed clinical or carriage outcomes.
twenty trials examined immunological outcomes and found few relevant differences.
individuals receiving a booster were more likely to be seropositive than those at the same age who did not.
until more data become available , scheduling is likely to be determined by epidemiological and programmatic considerations in individual settings.
importance : older adults commonly report disturbed sleep , and recent studies in humans and animals suggest links between sleep and alzheimer disease biomarkers.
studies are needed that evaluate whether sleep variables are associated with neuroimaging evidence of β-amyloid ( aβ ) deposition.
objective to determine the association between self-reported sleep variables and aβ deposition in community-dwelling older adults.
exposure self-reported sleep variables.
main outcomes and measures β-amyloid burden , measured by carbon 11-labeled pittsburgh compound b positron emission tomography distribution volume ratios ( dvrs ) .
conclusions and relevance : among community-dwelling older adults , reports of shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality are associated with greater aβ burden.
additional studies with objective sleep measures are needed to determine whether sleep disturbance causes or accelerates alzheimer disease.
sleep consolidation is also associated with ad risk , and previous work suggests that apoe genotype and sleep may interact to influence cognitive function.
design , setting , and participants : a prospective longitudinal cohort study with up to @number@ years of follow-up was conducted.
participants included @number@ community-dwelling older adults without dementia ( mean age , @number@ years ; @percent@ women ) in the rush memory and aging project.
exposures : we used up to @number@ days of actigraphic recording to quantify the degree of sleep consolidation and ascertained apoe genotype.
main outcomes and measures : participants underwent annual evaluation for ad during a follow-up period of up to @number@ years.
autopsies were performed on @number@ participants who died , and β-amyloid ( aβ ) and neurofibrillary tangles were identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified.
results : during the follow-up period , @number@ individuals developed ad.
conclusions and relevance : better sleep consolidation attenuates the effect of apoe genotype on incident ad and development of neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
genetic variation alone may not account for common chronic disease susceptibility.
rather , an interaction between genetic and environmental factors may clarify the underlying disease mechanism.
hence , we tested whether body mass index ( bmi ) modified the genetic association of the apolipoprotein e ε4 allele with cognitive decline.
the data came from a longitudinal population-based sample of @number@ participants interviewed at 3-year intervals from @number@ to @number@
cognitive function was assessed using a standardized global cognitive score and bmi was assessed at baseline and classified as normal , overweight , and obese.
there were @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants with the ε4 allele.
we explored the relationship between sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) in community-dwelling seniors.
we also collected self-report measures of sleep disturbance.
the groups did not differ in total sleep time.
in addition , the amci group had less day-to-day variability in these measures than the intact and namci volunteers.
in general , the namci volunteers showed a level of disturbed sleep that was intermediate to that of amci and intact volunteers.
these differences in sleep disruption between amci and namci may be related to differences in the pathology underlying these mci subtypes.
purpose of review : cachexia is a devastating complication of cancer for which there is no approved treatment.
here we review the clinical development of ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics ( also known as growth hormone secretagogues or ghs ) for cancer cachexia treatment.
weight gain , increased food intake and better tolerance to chemotherapy have also been reported.
this treatment appears to be safe and well tolerated.
summary : ghrelin and ghs have the potential to effectively prevent or reverse cacs.
preliminary studies show improvements in weight stabilization and appetite with short-term usage.
we describe a subset of drug candidates that interferes with the app-apoe interaction and returns the parameters noted above to normal.
recent advances in high-throughput sequencing allow researchers to examine the transcriptome in more detail than ever before.
not only can coral distinguish between rna classes with high accuracy , but it also uses features that are relevant to small rna biogenesis pathways.
coral is available at @url@
objective : subclinical thyroid disorders are common in older individuals.
health risks associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in older adults are unclear.
design : a population-based , prospective cohort of the octabaix study ( @number@ inhabitants aged @number@ years at baseline ) .
quality of life was assessed using the visual analogue scale of the quality of life test.
concentrations of tsh and thyroxine were measured.
participants were classified in accordance with clinical categories of thyroid function.
results : twenty ( @percent@ ) individuals had subclinical hypothyroidism and five ( @percent@ ) had subclinical hyperthyroidism.
fifty-one ( @percent@ ) subjects died during the @number@ months of follow-up.
however , no references to the preferred combination art ( cart ) for these patients have been described.
methods : we compared safety , effectiveness , and persistence of treatment in ftc / tdf versus non-ftc / tdf users.
among ftc / tdf users , we compared protease inhibitor ( pi ) versus nnrti users and lopinavir / r versus efavirenz users.
of these participants , @number@ started with ftc / tdf and @number@ with other nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( nrtis ) .
we herein describe a strategy that targets membrane-bound kitl ( mbkitl ) via dna vaccination.
dna vaccination , interferes with tumour vessel formation and transplanted tumour growth in vivo.
histological analysis demonstrates that , while tumour cell proliferation and vessel stabilisation are impaired , vessel permeability is increased in mice that produce mbkitl-targeting antibodies.
we also demonstrate that vessel stabilisation and tumour growth require akt activation in endothelial cells but not in pericytes.
these data provide evidence that mbkitl targeted vaccination is an effective means of inhibiting tumour angiogenesis and growth.
recent advances of mobile technologies have made mobile devices a promising tool to manage patients ' own health status through services like telemedicine.
however , the inherent limitations of mobile devices make them less effective in computation- or data-intensive tasks such as medical monitoring.
in this study , we propose a new hybrid mobile-cloud computational solution to enable more effective personalized medical monitoring.
yet , this has been relatively unexplored , particularly in minority populations with high cardiovascular burden.
reduced r bar was not associated with verbal memory.
all participants were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging.
there was a trend towards an age-by-group effect in the left supramarginal gyrus and the right pre- and postcentral gyri.
the between-group statistical analysis indicated similar cortical thickness in the patients as in the healthy controls.
there were no significant effects of medication on cortical thickness , nor was there any significant sex-by-group interaction.
the results suggest that patients with eos have a deficiency of the expected cortical thinning to occur during adolescence development.
the findings are discussed in context of neurobiological processes known to be involved in brain maturation , including synaptic reorganization , pruning and myelination.
background : vaccine coverage estimates lag by years in the us.
commercially available medical claims databases contain timely records of childhood vaccinations given in physician offices.
methods : we developed an age cohort model to compute vaccination coverage over time.
to account for children uninsured or in the vaccines for children program , estimates were projected using national immunization survey coverage data.
results : pcv7 was phased out by @date@ .
our estimates for children aged 0-59 and 24-59 months are consistent with cdc's immunization information system sentinel sites data for 2011-2012.
moreover , they demonstrate the feasibility of tracking uptake patterns in near real-time even with simple summary counts of medical claims data.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive function.
a key neuropathological event in ad is the accumulation of amyloid-β ( aβ ) peptide.
the production and clearance of aβ in the brain are regulated by a large group of genes.
the expression levels of these genes must be fine-tuned in the brain to keep aβ at a balanced amount under physiological condition.
misregulation of ad genes has been found to either increase ad risk or accelerate the disease progression.
in recent years , important progress has been made in uncovering the regulatory elements and transcriptional factors that guide the expression of these genes.
in this review , we describe the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation for the known ad genes and the misregualtion that leads to ad susceptibility.
participants included @number@ younger , @number@ middle-aged , and @number@ older adults who completed the btps and a measure of life satisfaction and happiness.
a balanced time perspective predicted higher scores on both measures of well-being replicating the original j.d. webster ( @number@ ) findings.
implications of a balanced time perspective on mental health over the life course are discussed.
the cytotoxicity of these vegetable oils was assessed in vivo on 8-week-old mice and in vitro by using the neutral red and yo-pro-1 tests.
membrane fluidity was evaluated by fluorescence anisotropy using the fluorescent probe diphenylhexatriene , and membrane fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography.
of the oils tested displayed cytotoxic effects.
in vitro , omega-3 rich oils improved membrane fluidity by @percent@ compared with the control cells.
our results show that the fatty acids in vegetable oil incorporate into retinal cells and increase the plasma membrane fluidity.
this concept could be adopted to generate not only teeth but also bioengineered hair follicles , salivary glands , and lacrimal glands.
these studies emphasize the potential for bioengineered organ replacement in future regenerative therapies.
in this review , we will summarize the strategies and the recent progress of research and development for the establishment of organ replacement regenerative therapies.
in both developed and developing countries , population aging has attained unprecedented levels.
using the methodology of system dynamics , models are developed to explore how interpersonal relationships influence older adults ' participation in oral health promotion.
the systems science approach builds shared knowledge among an interdisciplinary research team about the dynamics of access to opportunities for oral health promotion.
furthermore , since oral health and general health are inextricably linked , the integration of services may improve outcomes and lower costs.
here we describe a number of different patients presenting in a cmht who have been assessed and investigated for parkinson's disease.
in many of these medication for parkinson's disease was started.
often the patients need to stay on an atypical antipsychotic because of the mental health symptoms which they present.
we assess present practice in the team , and make recommendations.
we explored the content of and barriers to discussion about falls.
methods : a prospective cohort study where a baseline cross-sectional survey was followed by a survey @number@ year later.
survey domains were drawn from constructs of behavioural change models.
data from @number@ older community dwellers in victoria , australia , in the follow-up survey were used for this study.
survey format consisted of yes and no responses , likert scale and open / closed-ended responses.
results : few older adults talked with and initiated a talk with their health-care providers about falls in the follow-up period.
participants discussed various topics of falls with their health-care providers.
different barriers to discussion about falls were identified.
conclusion : health-care providers should routinely discuss falls prevention with older adults.
dissemination of evidence-based advice and followed up with referral during consultations , particularly in general practitioners could advance falls prevention practice.
the results could help to develop a conceptual framework to predict the likelihood of falls discussion.
conclusion : compared with the creatinine-based equations , the ckd-epi creatinine-cystatin c equation is more suitable for the elderly chinese population.
however , the cost-effectiveness of the ckd-epi creatinine-cystatin c equation for clinical use should be considered.
however , the combined effect of both protein supplementation and exercise has not been investigated among sarcopenic elderly in the asian population.
the highest increments in lower and upper body strength were observed in the prg ( @percent@ ) and exg ( @percent@ ) , respectively.
objectives : ambient air pollution has been associated with sudden deaths , some of which are likely due to ventricular arrhythmias.
defibrillator discharge studies have examined the association of air pollution with arrhythmias in sensitive populations.
no studies have assessed this association using residence-specific estimates of air pollution exposure.
we also examined whether these associations were modified by genotype or phenotype.
conclusions : increased levels of short-term traffic-related pollutants may increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in elderly subjects.
purpose of the study : social relations are a key aspect of aging and the life course.
design and methods : we first briefly review and critique influential historical studies to illustrate how the scientific study of social relations developed.
results : early social relations research , while influential , lacked the combined approach of theoretical grounding and methodological rigor.
nevertheless , previous research findings , especially from anthropology , suggested the importance of social relations in the achievement of positive outcomes.
early findings are summarized , current evidence presented , and future directions projected.
purpose of the study : as the prevalence of dementia increases , the pressure to make early diagnoses also increases.
health care professionals and patients may lack a common \ "first language. \ "
this study explores the experience of francophone persons with dementia ( pwd ) and their caregivers during the peri-diagnostic period.
seven pwd and their caregivers who spoke french as their primary language but who lived in a primarily english-speaking region completed the interviews.
results and implications : no single symptom seemed sufficient to alert participants that dementia might be present.
results : the mission of the medical units is devoted mainly towards elderly people.
conclusions : this assessment exercise indicates that nursing care in medical units faces high workloads.
establishing national minimum standards of nursing care to be delivered towards older people admitted in italian medical units is recommended.
glycogen synthesis is a major component of the insulin response , and defective glycogen synthesis is a major portion of insulin resistance.
insulin regulates glycogen synthase ( gs ) through incompletely defined pathways that activate the enzyme through dephosphorylation and , more potently , allosteric activation.
we identify epm2aip1 as a gs-associated protein.
our work identifies a novel gs-associated gs activity-modulating component of insulin resistance.
purpose : all structures of the spine , including the spinal canal , change continuously with age.
the purpose of this study was to determine how the spinal canal of the lumbar spine changes with age.
therefore , we measured the spinal canal diameter and vertebral body height at t5 , t6 , l4 , and l5 with age.
materials and methods : this was a retrospective study of aged @number@ to @number@ years.
within- and between-group comparisons were made to evaluate changes by age and correlations were carried out to evaluate the relationships between all parameters.
results : height , weight , and all radiologic parameters were significantly lower in group @number@ than group @number@
age was associated with all parameters except spinal canal diameter.
conclusion : vertebral height decreased with age , but spinal canal diameter did not change in patients with either lss or hcd.
mid-spinal canal diameter was not affected by aging.
clinically based studies using radioactive tracers with children have focused on resting state cbf.
yet potential age-related changes in flow during stimulation may affect the blood oxygenation level dependent ( bold ) response used to investigate cognitive neurodevelopment.
further , we acquired functional cbf and bold images simultaneously to examine their relationship during sensory stimulation.
analyses revealed age-related cbf differences during rest ; the youngest group showed greater cbf than 12-year-olds or adults.
during stimulation of the auditory cortex , younger children also showed a greater absolute increase in cbf than adults.
however , the magnitude of cbf response above baseline was comparable between groups.
similarly , the amplitude of the bold response was stable across age.
studying the role of foxo in non-aging organisms might , therefore , illuminate the path to extend life span in aging organisms.
whole brain interindividual variations of ct and cg were similar to that in the literature.
background : with increasing age , the smile becomes elongated and less appealing.
despite several descriptions of morphologic and histologic age-related changes in the literature , no scientific well-supported model of the labial aging process is reported.
their dental and labial stone casts were obtained , digitized , and virtually reproduced using a computerized electromechanical digitizer and applying nonuniform rational b-spline geometry.
to obtain a synthetic parameter describing local surface deformation , average curvature and curvature variability indexes were computed and compared.
results : no significant age- or sex-related differences in the average curvature were detected.
in contrast , the curvature variability was significantly greater in the young than in the aged subjects.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
however , several problems still have not been solved satisfactorily.
these problems include facial lipodystrophy and changes in skin and skin texture.
methods : the lipo-facelift procedure consists of facial liposculpturing performed simultaneously with a biplanar , bivectorial smas face-lift procedure.
the authors analyzed pre- and postsurgical photographs of @number@ patients with a lipo-facelift after @number@ and @number@ months and analyzed their charts for complications.
furthermore , o2c measurement was performed to assess improved microcirculation.
the longest follow-up period was @number@ years.
results : the lipo-facelift demonstrated very satisfying results.
initial swelling and bruising were seen as well as two cases of wound-healing disorders , but no surgical intervention or revision was needed.
the findings show lasting improvement of skin quality and a youthful appearance.
the skin quality resulting from simultaneous lipofilling can be explained by improved angiogenesis due to transferred growth factors in the lipoaspirate.
also , differentiation of progenitor cells to fibroblasts and increased production of collagen contribute to firmer skin.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
introduction and hypothesis : the aim was to review the economic costs associated with pelvic organ prolapse surgery.
the highest level of evidence was utilised by the committee to make evidence based recommendations based upon the oxford grading system.
grade a recommendation usually depends on consistent level @number@ evidence.
grade b recommendation usually depends on consistent level @number@ and / or @number@ studies , or \ "majority evidence \ " from rcts.
grade c recommendation usually depends on level @number@ studies or \ "majority evidence \ " from level @date@ studies or delphi processed expert opinion.
two studies have demonstrated that asc incurs lower inpatient costs than lsc or rsc ( grade c ) .
conclusions : there is a paucity of good economic data relating to pelvic organ prolapse surgery.
transvaginal mesh surgeries have not been proven to be cost-effective.
it is recommended that all randomised controlled trials relating to prolapse surgery include a formal cost analysis.
one of the most significant human rights tribunals in europe is the european court of human rights ( ecthr ) .
to descriptively analyze the ecthr cases that deal with older persons and elder rights issues.
quantitative and descriptive analysis of @number@ randomly selected publicly-open ecthr cases dealing with elder-rights between the years 2000-2010.
on average , @number@ % of the ecthr case load included rulings that concern older persons ' rights.
the objective was to investigate the cir-cumstances and consequences of falling and risk factors associated with limitations in performing activities after falling.
descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used , with significance level of @percent@.
the prevalence of fall was @percent@ ( @percent@ for men and @percent@ for women ) .
most older adults fell while walking , @percent@ inside their homes.
the main cause of falling was stumbling due to irregularities on the ground.
@percent@ of those who fell reported injury , and @percent@ reported limitations in performing activities after the fall.
there was a significant association between limitations in performing activities after the occurrence of falls and fractures.
preventing falls should be a public health concern , given that relatively easy changes can reduce the risk of falls.
methods : we performed a population-based cross-sectional study including @number@ men who lived in urban area.
to evaluate the sexual symptoms of aging male's was used the sexual dimension of the ams scale - the aging male's symptoms scale.
results : the prevalence of sexual symptoms of male aging was @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.3%-69.1% ) .
multivariable analysis identified direct association with age and inverse association with health self-rated.
conclusion : we conclude that the prevalence of sexual symptoms in older males is high and important.
public health policies coupled with increased healthy lifestyle habits could minimize the prevalence and provide better quality of life for middle-age and older men.
purpose : aim of the study was the analysis of cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis ( oa ) hypothesizing age-dependent regulation patterns.
kls and aoss were significantly higher in the group ≥18 years ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : confirming the hypothesis , increased synovial levels of aggrecan , bfgf , bmp-7 , and cd105 were found in patients over @number@ years.
level of evidence : ii.
objective : to understand the relationships between brain structures and function ( behavior and cognition ) in healthy aging.
method : the study group was composed of @number@ healthy elderly subjects who underwent neuropsychological assessment and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.
therefore , a simple test such as the stroop test could differentiate groups of younger and older subjects based on magnetic resonance imaging metrics.
images were analyzed and lt measured assuming a refractive index of @number@
repeat measures were taken from @number@ participants for each accommodative demand at a second visit.
results : the mean unaccommodated lt for all participants was @number@ ± @number@ mm.
eighty-six participants returned for a second visit.
the @percent@ limits of agreement were widest for youngest age groups and narrowest for the oldest participants.
conclusions : this study is the first to report the repeatability of lt measures using the visante as-oct in the non-cyclopleged eye.
it has also demonstrated the ability of the visante as-oct to detect small changes in lens thickness with accommodation.
changes in visual function beyond high-contrast acuity are known to take place during normal aging.
we determined whether sensitivity to linear sine-wave gratings and to an elementary stimulus preferentially processed in extrastriate areas could be distinctively affected by aging.
all participants were free of identifiable ocular disease and had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity.
the young adult group was significantly more sensitive to linear than to circular gratings in the @number@ cpd frequency.
the older adult group was significantly more sensitive to linear than to circular gratings in all spatial frequencies , except in the @number@ cpd frequency.
the results suggest that sensitivity to the two kinds of stimuli is affected differently by aging.
background : telomeres are non-coding regions of dna that cap the ends of chromosomes.
their length is considered a marker of human replicative senescence and premature aging.
given the high association of liver transplantation with the metabolic syndrome , we hypothesized that liver transplant recipients may exhibit premature and accelerated aging.
clinical and laboratory parameters were collected from the medical files.
mean telomere length was significantly shorter in the transplant group ( @number@.59±0.6 vs. @number@.91±1.78 in the controls , p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : liver transplantation is associated with shortened telomere length in peripheral blood lymphocytes , suggesting accelerated senescence.
however , there are few studies examining the effects of blue-light irradiation on oral tissue.
additionally , in a morphological study , the cytotoxic effect was observed in the cell organelles , especially the mitochondria.
furthermore , ros generation induced by the blue-light irradiation was detected in mitochondria of hgfs using fluorimetry.
in all analyses , the cytotoxicity was significantly higher after led irradiation compared with cytotoxicity after qth irradiation.
background : aging negatively impacts on the function of resident human cardiac progenitor cells ( hcpcs ) .
effective regeneration of the injured heart requires mobilization of hcpcs to the sites of damage.
epha2 oxidation interfered with ephrin a1-stimulated receptor auto-phosphorylation , activation of src family kinases , and caveolin-1-mediated internalization of the receptor.
cellular aging altered the epha2 endocytic route , affecting the maturation of epha2-containing endosomes and causing premature signal termination.
overexpression of functionally intact epha2 in old hcpcs corrected the defects in endocytosis and downstream signaling , enhancing cell motility.
glial cells in their plurality pervade the human brain and impact on brain structure and function.
astrocyte biology has been examined using molecular , biochemical and structural methods , as well as 3d brain imaging in live animals and humans.
exosomes are extracelluar membrane vesicles that facilitate communication between glia , and have significant potential for biomarker discovery and drug delivery.
physical exercise may reduce or retard age-related brain deterioration by a mechanism involving neuro-glial processes.
it is most likely that additional information about the distribution , structure and function of glial cells will yield novel insight into human brain ageing.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have implicated a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) risk.
elucidating the function of these snps is critical to identify the underlying pathways and , potentially , novel therapeutic agents.
snps within the gene atp binding cassette a7 ( abca7 ) reached significance in these studies , warranting investigation into their actions.
here , we analyzed abca7 expression in a set of human brain samples as a function of ad-associated snps and ad status.
we report that the rs3764650t allele that decreases ad risk is associated with increased abca7 expression.
however , abca7 expression is increased in ad individuals.
recent findings suggest that notch-1 signaling contributes to neuronal death in ischemic stroke , but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.
here we show that notch signaling interacts with the hif-1α pathway in the process of ischemic neuronal death.
overexpression of nicd and hif-1α in cultured human neural cells enhanced cell death under ischemia-like conditions , and a hif-1α inhibitor rescued the cells.
rna interference-mediated depletion of endogenous nicd and hif-1α also decreased cell death under ischemia-like conditions.
additional findings suggest that the nicd and hif-1α collaborate to engage pro-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways in stroke.
objective : this study sought to report patient characteristics , risk factors , and trends in management for astroblastoma patients.
methods : a retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing the surveillance , epidemiology and end results program of the national cancer institute.
results : two hundred and thirty-nine patients were identified , with @number@ patients receiving treatment.
the median age at diagnosis was @number@ years ( range @number@ to @number@ years ) .
tumor location was available for @number@ patients , and the majority were supratentorial ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) .
the median overall survival and cause-specific survival for the cohort receiving treatment was @number@ and @number@ months , respectively.
age > 60 years at diagnosis and treatment before @number@ were correlated with decreased survival on both the univariate and the multivariate analyses.
conclusions : to our knowledge , this is the largest report of astroblastoma patients described in the literature.
supratentorial tumor location , older age , and treatment prior to @number@ were poor prognostic factors.
design : a cross-sectional survey.
setting : a nationally representative sample from the second longitudinal study of aging ( lsoa ii ) .
participants : included were @number@ community-dwelling persons @number@ years of age and older.
sample proportions were weighted to reflect the prevalence in the u.s. population of @number@
main outcome measurements : subject recall of fall history.
there were @number@ categories for this variable : no fall , falling once , and falling more than once in the past @number@ months.
conclusions : iadl limitation stages could represent a powerful and practical tool for screening patients in the u.s. elderly population according to fall risk.
clinical implementation and prospective testing for validation as a screening tool would be necessary.
the purpose of this investigation was to determine body composition classification using field-based testing measurements in healthy elderly men and women.
the use of isoperformance curves is presented as a method for this determination.
field-based measurements of age , height , weight , body mass index ( bmi ) , and handgrip strength were recorded on an individual basis.
prediction equations for rsmi and fat% from sex , bmi , and handgrip strength values were developed using multiple regression analysis.
the prediction equations were validated using double cross-validation.
isoperformance curves were developed from the relationship between bmi and handgrip strength for men and women with the aforementioned clinical phenotype classification criteria.
these visual representations were used to aid in the classification and evaluation of sarcopenia , obesity , and sarcopenic-obesity in elderly individuals.
future research should replicate the current findings with an increased sample size and the development of tailored interventions for each body composition category.
yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ( y-tzp ) showed better mechanical properties and superior resistance to fracture than other conventional dental ceramics.
both zirconia-based ceramics have been clinically available as an alternative to the metal framework for fixed dental prostheses ( fdps ) .
marginal adaptation of zirconia-based fdps is acceptable for clinical application.
the most frequent clinical complication with zirconia-based fdps was chipping of the veneering porcelain that was affected by many factors.
the mechanism for the bonding between zirconia and veneering ceramics remains unknown.
there was no clear evidence of chemical bonding and the bond strength between zirconia and porcelain was lower than that between metal and porcelain.
there were two alternatives proposed that might avoid chipping of veneering porcelains.
one was hybrid-structured fdps comprising cad / cam-fabricated porcelain parts adhering to a cad / cam fabricated zirconia framework.
another option was full-contour zirconia fdps using high translucent zirconia.
adhesive treatments could be applied to luting the restorations and fabricating hybrid-structured fdps.
full-contour zirconia fdps caused concern about the wear of antagonist enamel , because the hardness of y-tzp was over double that of porcelain.
however , this review demonstrates that highly polished zirconia yielded lower antagonist wear compared with porcelains.
polishing of zirconia is possible , but glazing is not recommended for the surface finish of zirconia.
clinical data since @number@ are included in this review.
the zirconia frameworks rarely got damaged in many cases and complications often occurred in the veneering ceramic materials.
further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to investigate the possible influencing factors of technical failures.
participants were free of dementia at baseline , and incidence was determined in @number@ ( @percent@ ) cases over @number@ to @number@ follow-up years.
all associations were independent of potential confounders , including apoeε4 status and nuclear genetic ancestry.
apoe is involved in lipid and cholesterol transport , cell repair , and amyloid-β deposition and certain studies suggest potential implications in neurogenesis.
in this regard , we investigated the possible impact of the three different human apoe isoforms on neurogenesis.
we used apoe knock-in mice of different ages and sex , and quantified newborn cells in the hippocampus by flow cytometry.
young adult apoe4 mice ( 10-12 week-old ) from both sexes displayed reduced neurogenesis compared with wild-types and the other genotypes.
in addition , young adult apoe2 female mice showed improved hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation.
indeed , a surprising protective effect of the apoe3 genotype was observed in aged females.
our study highlights the role of apoe in neurogenesis , and shows for the first time an early inequality between the apoe genotypes.
the maintenance of this balance and its modulation can influence pathophysiological mechanisms predisposing to neurodegenerative diseases like ad.
objective : to characterize from a vibrational point of view the alterations caused by aging on human oocytes.
design : reproductive biology.
setting : private assisted reproductive technology clinic , synchrotron beam line , and university infrared laboratory.
intervention ( s ) : collection of @number@ supernumerary oocytes that were not used during the ivf cycle from the above cited consenting patients.
main outcome measure ( s ) : focal plane array fourier transform infrared ( ftir ) analysis of human oocytes.
result ( s ) : specific spectral differences were highlighted in the two experimental groups of oocytes.
all the information obtained may be considered useful to improve the scientific knowledge on human reproduction and to exploit new strategies for detecting oocyte aging.
however , βohb also signals via extracellular receptors and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases ( hdacs ) .
experience-related changes induced by modification of environment , physical exercise , or cognitive training affect brain structure and function.
research on brain plasticity and its relationship to experiential changes gathers momentum and attracts significant public interest.
cancer disorders exhibit an increasing high global incidence , in part , to an aging population with a high socio-economic burden.
the cellular transition from normal to malignant state is linked to deregulated gene expression.
this combined with microrna-based tumour profiling could pave the way for personalised approaches based on the genetic characteristics of the individual.
clinical translation of this technology , however , depends on the development of systems for effective delivery of the molecular medicine to the target site.
in this review we focus on pre-clinical and clinical studies using polycation-based nanocarriers for rnai mediated anti-cancer intervention after intratumoural or intravenous administration.
the cyclodextrin polymer-based system now in clinical trials offers optimism that polyplexes may potentially be used for rnai-mediated cancer intervention in the clinic.
recent studies have shown that increasing the number of chews before swallowing reduces meal size in young adults.
however , whether this ingestive behavior influences meal size in older adults is unknown.
a preliminary session was conducted to assess their habitual number of chews ( hnc ) using pizza rolls as the test food.
participants then attended three test sessions at their habitual lunch time.
subjective appetite was measured at regular time points for 60min after meal initiation.
there was no difference in meal duration and meal induced change in appetite at meal termination between test sessions.
moreover , thorough chewing significantly reduced postprandial ratings on palatability of the test food.
these results suggest that increasing the number of chews does not affect meal size in older adults.
aging-related appetite dysregulation may partly account for the difference in results from studies in young and older adults.
objective : with increasing life expectancy , there is a focus on \ "healthy ageing \ ".
most activities in this area focus on the elderly.
however , the ageing process starts much earlier.
childhood offers an important window to lay a base for future healthy ageing.
thus , to address the full ageing process , we should include younger populations in ageing research.
if we aim for healthy ageing across the life course , we need to clarify the meaning of health at different ages.
typically , patients present with failure to thrive , acanthocytosis , pigmented retinopathy and neurological features.
it has been shown that abl results from mutations in the gene encoding the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( mttp ) .
the patients were found to be homozygous for two novel mutations.
in the first family , a nonsense mutation , c.2313t > a , leading to a truncated protein ( p.y771x ) was identified.
in the second family , a splice mutation , ivs 9 + 2t > g , was found.
these mutations are believed to abolish the assembly and secretion of apob-containing lipoproteins.
purpose : currently , nearly @number@ in @number@ americans is at least @number@ years of age.
bone atrophy , decreased capacity for tissue repair , and chronic disease are known to influence fracture patterns and operative algorithms in this age group.
this study presents craniofacial trauma injury patterns and treatment in an elderly population at a major urban trauma center.
methods : patient records were retrospectively reviewed from @date@ through @date@ .
demographic information , fracture type , concomitant injuries , and management were recorded.
results : of @number@ patients presenting with facial fracture , @number@ were older than @number@ years.
the most common mechanism of injury was falls ( @percent@ ) , and most patients were men ( @percent@ ) .
conclusions : fractures in the elderly tend to be minimally displaced midfacial fractures that do not warrant surgical intervention.
despite conservative management , the elderly are hospitalized longer than their younger counterparts , have increased critical care needs , and have higher mortality.
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy ( cadasil ) is caused by mutations in the notch3 gene on chromosome @number@
previous studies showed that notch3 contains mutational hotspots that can vary among individuals of different ethnic backgrounds.
in this study , we investigated the spectrum of notch3 mutations in korean patients with cadasil.
we retrospectively analyzed @number@ patients who underwent notch3 gene testing for molecular diagnosis of cadasil using sanger sequencing with a tiered approach.
first , we screened previously reported mutational hotspots ( exons 2-6 , @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ ) .
in @number@ of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) , @number@ mutations and @number@ novel variants of unknown significance ( vus ) were identified.
other mutations and vus were observed in @number@ patient each.
therefore , further analysis of koreans with cadasil might be necessary to implement a korean-specific mutation screening paradigm.
loss-of-function progranulin ( pgrn ) mutations have been identified as the major cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tdp-43 protein inclusions ( ftld-tdp ) .
addition of exogenous pgrn or conditioned medium from control cells normalized the response of pgrn-deficient lymphoblasts to serum activation.
our data indicated that noncanonical wnt5a signaling might be overactivated by pgrn deficiency.
we detected increased cellular and secreted levels of wnt5a in pgrn-deficient lymphoblasts associated with enhanced phosphorylated calmodulin kinase ii.
pgrn knockdown sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells also show enhanced wnt5a content and signaling.
taken together , our results revealed an important role of wnt signaling in ftld-tdp pathology and suggest a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
this association was independently replicated in the chinese population , albeit with an opposite direction of effect.
statistical analysis did not identify significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between healthy controls and patients with et ( p > @number@ ) .
these findings therefore do not support a role for slc1a2 rs3794087 in susceptibility to et in the north american population.
further studies in ethnically distinct populations of patients with et are necessary to understand whether genetic variability in slc1a2 affects disease risk for et.
the objective of this study was to evaluate whether heterozygous trem2 genetic variations might be associated to the risk of ftd.
the mutation frequency and the associated clinical characteristics were analyzed.
we identified @number@ missense and nonsense mutations in trem2 exon @number@ in @number@ subjects.
these mutations were more frequent in patients with ftd than in hcs ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
in particular , trem2 q33x , r47h , t66m , and s116c mutations were found in ftd and were absent in hcs.
these mutations were associated with either the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia or the behavioral variant ftd phenotypes.
heterozygous trem2 mutations modulate the risk of ftd in addition to increasing susceptibility to ad.
additional studies are warranted to investigate the possible role of these mutations in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
bikram yoga is an exotic form of physical activity combining hatha yoga and thermal therapy that could positively impact metabolic health.
as an initial step , we determined the effect of bikram yoga on glucose tolerance.
fourteen young lean and @number@ older obese subjects completed an 8-week bikram yoga intervention in which classes were completed @number@ times per week.
glucose tolerance was assessed using a @number@ g oral glucose tolerance test.
we concluded that a short-term bikram yoga intervention improved glucose tolerance in older obese , but not in young lean adults.
the mutation spectrum of sqstm1 in chinese patients with sals remains unknown.
three hundred and six patients with sals from the department of neurology , west china hospital of sichuan university were recruited for this study.
from the same region , @number@ healthy individuals were recruited as a control group.
the encoding regions of sqstm1 were screened by direct sequencing.
the male patient carrying mutation p. i99l presented limb symptom at age of @number@ and died in @number@ months.
two late-onset patients carrying d337e and p. l341v mutations had bulbar and limb onset , respectively.
moreover , a c.1166-14 1166-11deltact mutation in the intron @number@ was found in a living male patient with limb onset at age of @number@
of the patients carrying sqstm1 mutation showed clinical evidence of concomitant paget disease of bone or mutation of the valosin-containing protein gene.
the mutation frequency of sqstm1 was @percent@ in chinese patients with sals , which was lower than those in other racial populations.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia and marked by deposition of amyloid-β ( aβ ) within the brain.
alterations of aβ transporters at the neurovasculature may play a role in the disease process.
our data show that microvascular expression of p-gp and bcrp is strikingly decreased in capcaa-affected vessels but not in ad and control samples.
coincubating aβ42 together with clusterin , an amyloid-associated protein highly expressed in capcaa-affected vessels , strongly reduced levels of p-gp.
loss of p-gp expression or activity may serve as a selective biomarker for ongoing capcaa.
background : white matter hyperintensities may contribute to depression by disrupting neural connections among brain regions that regulate mood.
participants self reported whether they felt dizzy , light-headed or unsteady on standing.
aoh was not associated with higher ces-d scores ( unstandardised b coefficient = .162 ; @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ p = @number@ ) .
results : i developed a multi-tissue predictor of age that allows one to estimate the dna methylation age of most tissues and cell types.
finally , i characterize the @number@ cpg sites that together form an aging clock in terms of chromatin states and tissue variance.
conclusions : i propose that dna methylation age measures the cumulative effect of an epigenetic maintenance system.
this novel epigenetic clock can be used to address a host of questions in developmental biology , cancer and aging research.
combination antiretroviral therapy for hiv infection improves immune function and eliminates the risk of aids-related complications but does not restore full health.
hiv-infected adults have excess risk of cardiovascular , liver , kidney , bone , and neurologic diseases.
many markers of inflammation are elevated in hiv disease and strongly predictive of the risk of morbidity and mortality.
a conceptual model has emerged to explain this syndrome of diseases where hiv-mediated destruction of gut mucosa leads to local and systemic inflammation.
translocated microbial products then pass through the liver , contributing to hepatic damage , impaired microbial clearance , and impaired protein synthesis.
chronic activation of monocytes and altered liver protein synthesis subsequently contribute to a hypercoagulable state.
the combined effect of systemic inflammation and excess clotting on tissue function leads to end-organ disease.
multiple therapeutic interventions designed to reverse these pathways are now being tested in the clinic.
background : human colon adenocarcinoma cells are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents , such as anthracyclines , that induce death by increasing the reactive oxygen species.
a number of studies have been focused on chemo-preventive use of resveratrol as antioxidant against cardiovascular diseases , aging and cancer.
while resveratrol cytotoxic action was due to its pro-oxidant properties.
we have selected a synergistic combination and we have evaluated its effect on the biological and molecular mechanisms of cell death.
results : simultaneous exposure to polydatin and resveratrol produced synergistic antiproliferative effects compared with single compound treatment.
worthy of note treatment with polydatin induced a nuclear localization and decreased expression of heat shock protein @number@ and vimentin redistributed within the cell.
our data suggest the potential use of polydatin in combination chemotherapy for human colon cancer.
the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between persistent organic pollutants ( pops ) and thyroid hormones in an aging population.
forty-eight women and @number@ men , aged 55-74 years and living in upper hudson river communities completed a questionnaire and provided blood specimens.
multivariable linear regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between thyroid hormones and sums of pops , adjusted for covariates and stratified by sex.
effects were expressed as differences in thyroid hormone levels associated with a doubling in the level of exposure.
given age-related declines in physiologic reserve , the influence of pops on thyroid hormones in aging populations may have clinical implications and merits further investigation.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by progressive memory loss and impaired cognitive function.
early-onset familial forms of the disease ( fad ) are caused by inheritance of mutant genes encoding presenilin @number@ ( ps1 ) variants.
background : keeping older adults healthy and active is an emerging challenge of an aging society.
despite the importance of personal relationships to their health and well-being , changes in family structure have resulted in a lower frequency of intergenerational interactions.
limited studies have been conducted to compare different interaction style of intergenerational interaction.
we used time sampling to perform a structured observation study.
conclusions : intergenerational programs with preschool children brought smiles and conversation to older adults.
the social-oriented ig program allowed older adults to play more roles than the performance-based ig program.
the intergenerational programs provide opportunities to fulfil basic human needs and reintegrate older adults into society.
further development of such beneficial programs is warranted.
trial registration : umin-ctr clinical trial : umin000010439.
reflective writing techniques such as journaling help provide insights into the process by which medical students are mentored and develop into practicing physicians.
the authors sought to analyze medical students ' journals regarding their mentored experiences within a new geriatrics curriculum at a u.s. medical school.
thirty preclinical and clinical medical student journalers participated in this project.
the authors employed qualitative analytic techniques using an interdisciplinary team process.
reflective journaling provides important insights into the process by which medical students draw upon mentored clinical experiences during their training.
such mentorship may be particularly relevant to promoting their interest in geriatrics.
medline and embase were searched for observational studies and systematic reviews from @number@ to @number@
four further databases were searched for systematic reviews and guidance from @number@ to @number@
update searches for observational studies and systematic reviews for the period @date@ to @date@ were performed on medline and embase.
results : we identified @number@ observational studies and @number@ systematic review that generally showed a statistically significant relationship between pain severity and qol.
conclusion : there is strong evidence of a correlation between pain severity and qol.
there is some evidence that treatment in chronic pain patients can reduce pain and simultaneously improve qol.
prevention and treatment of chronic pain may be of significant help in reaching the aim to increase the healthy lifespan.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia , insulin resistance , and relative impairment in insulin secretion and its possible long term complications.
its pathogenesis is poorly understood , but both genetic and environmental factors , such as obesity and aging , play a key role.
\ "diabesity \ " is a new term which refers to diabetes occurring in the context of obesity.
chronobiology is a word derived from three greek stems : kronos for time , bios for life and logos for study.
from microarrays studies , now it is accepted that 10-30% of the human genome is under the control of circadian molecular clocks.
this implies that most behavioral , physiological and biochemical variables display circadian rhythms in their expression.
in its simplest form , circadian clocks are composed of a set of proteins that generate self-sustained circadian oscillations.
the molecular clock comprises two transcription factors , clock and bmal1 , whereas pers and crys are responsible for the negative limb.
our group of research has provided an overall view of the internal temporal order of circadian rhythms in human adipose tissue.
a new concept related to illness is chronodisruption ( cd ) .
it is defined as a relevant disturbance of the internal temporal order of physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms.
in addition clock gene polymorphisms and aging may have also chronodisruptive effects.
our group has also demonstrated that obesity and cd are also highly interconnected.
fluorine-18-fdg uptake in aortic segments in @number@ subjects ( @number@ men , @number@ women ; ages 5-82 years ) was evaluated in this study.
correlative analyses between age and mean suv of aortic segments in all subjects were undertaken.
mean suv between genders for all groups were also compared.
there was a positive correlation between age and mean suv of all aortic segments.
comparison between mean suv in four visible arterial segments between the two genders did not reveal any statistically significant difference.
in conclusion , 18f-fdg uptake in aortic segments increases with age irrespective of genders.
the increase with age is more significant in younger subjects compared to older subjects for both men and women.
this finding may indicate a deceleration in the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis with aging in older subjects.
the choroid plexus epithelium is a cuboidal cell monolayer , which produces the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid.
the concerted action of a variety of integral membrane proteins mediates the transepithelial movement of solutes and water across the epithelium.
secretion by the choroid plexus is characterized by an extremely high rate and by the unusual cellular polarization of well-known epithelial transport proteins.
carnosine ( β-alanyl-l-histidine ) was discovered in @number@ as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat.
the dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle , but also in other excitable tissues.
this review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine , based on its biochemical properties.
for these reasons , the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved.
also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase , the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine , is discussed.
this paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the ( patho ) physiological role of carnosine and related compounds.
thus stimulation of vessel growth and / or remodeling has emerged as a new therapeutic option in patients with ischemic diseases.
erik h. erikson published his groundbreaking theory of @number@ stages of lifelong psychosocial development in @number@
the theory made erikson a pioneer in developmental psychology.
importantly , loss of p16 ( ink4a ) is one of the most frequent events in human tumors and allows precancerous lesions to bypass senescence.
therefore , precise regulation of p16 ( ink4a ) is essential to tissue homeostasis , maintaining a coordinated balance between tumor suppression and aging.
in korea , the proportion of the pediatric population is decreasing due to low fertility rates and aging of the society.
it is hypothesized that this change in population structure and medical insurance status may affect rates of elective surgeries more significantly than clinical factors.
these adjusted surgery rates partially explains the sharper decrease in crude surgery rates in the ha group than the hi group.
the crude and adjusted rates of surgeries were usually higher in lower economic status groups.
in conclusion , surgery rates were affected by changes in the population structure , but by other factors as well.
predictable socioeconomic factors could be used to calculate and predict the rates for other well-established surgeries.
the matching criteria were age ( mean = @number@ years ) , sex , country , and type of housing.
the data analysis targeted p-e fit ( i.e. accessibility ) problems , including studying the personal and environmental components separately.
the personal component was analyzed in terms of functional limitations , and the environmental component in terms of physical environmental barriers.
the aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in dual task performance by using an upper limb proprioceptive task.
the tasks had two levels of difficulty : easy and hard.
higher levels of task difficulty were associated with slower speed in both groups.
we found no age differences in accuracy.
participants either traded speed for accuracy or accuracy for speed regardless of age group.
overall , the findings suggest that speed and accuracy may be affected differently during dual tasking.
in addition , older adults may rely more extensively on proprioceptive feedback to guide upper limb movement compared with younger adults.
method : this cross-sectional study included @number@ participants ( age ≥60 years , @percent@ women ) in the confucius hometown aging project.
in @date@ - @date@ , data were collected through an interview , clinical examinations , and laboratory tests.
abnormal serum lipids were defined according to international criteria and use of hypolipidemic drugs.
presence of elevated depressive symptoms was defined as the 15-item geriatric depression scale score ≥5.
data were analyzed with logistic and mediation models controlling for potential confounders.
results : the prevalence of depressive symptoms was @percent@.
these findings imply that unfavorable lipid profile may be involved in late-life depressive symptoms independent of atherosclerotic disorders.
background : the terminal decline hypothesis suggests an acceleration in the rate of loss of cognitive function before death.
evidence about the association of educational attainment and the onset of terminal decline is scarce.
results : people who left school at an older age had a delayed onset of terminal decline.
thus better educated individuals experience a slightly shorter period of faster decline before death.
introduction : impulsivity in older people with cognitive impairment has yet to be examined rigorously as a risk factor for falls.
participants were then prospectively followed up for falls for @number@ months.
elastic arteries are significantly prestretched in an axial direction.
this property minimises axial deformations during pressure cycle.
ageing-induced changes in arterial biomechanics , among others , are manifested via a marked decrease in the prestretch.
although this fact is well known , little attention has been paid to the effect of decreased prestretch on mechanical response.
this approach enabled age-related trends to be evaluated bearing in mind the uncertainty in the prestretch.
despite significantly decreased longitudinal prestretch with age , the biomechanical response of human abdominal aorta changes substantially depending on the initial axial stretch was used.
the simulation also suggested the significant effect of the axial prestretch on the variation of axial stress in the pressure cycle.
finally , the obtained results are in accordance with the hypothesis that circumferential-to-axial stiffness ratio is the quantity relatively constant within this cycle.
summary : we determined factors associated with serum sclerostin in @number@ afro-caribbean family members.
age , weight , sex , diabetes and kidney function were associated with sclerostin.
sclerostin was heritable , and nine snps in the sost gene region were associated with sclerostin.
variation in serum sclerostin is a heritable factor that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors.
however , little is known about the genetic and non-genetic sources of inter-individual variation in serum sclerostin levels.
thirty-six common single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snp ) were genotyped within a @number@ kb region encompassing the gene encoding sclerostin ( sost ) .
genetic and non-genetic factors were tested for association with serum sclerostin.
results : mean serum sclerostin was @number@ pmol / l and was greater in men than in women ( p < @number@ ) .
residual genetic heritability of serum sclerostin was @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
nine snps reached nominal significance with sclerostin.
three independent common snps within the sost region may collectively account for a significant proportion of the variation in serum sclerostin.
while women have a significantly higher rate of hip fracture among the community-dwelling seniors , men have a significantly higher rate among nursing home residents.
in the sensitivity analysis of @number@ hip fracture patients ( mean age @number@ years , @percent@ women ) , this pattern remained largely unchanged.
there is no seasonal swing in hip fracture incidence.
conclusion : we confirm for seniors living in the community that women have a higher risk of hip fracture than men.
however , among institutionalized seniors , men are at higher risk for hip fracture.
background and purpose : the association between stroke and subsequent dementia or alzheimer disease is well established.
what is less understood is the extent to which this association is dependent on prestroke cognitive functioning.
the study estimated the occurrence in poststroke dementia as a function of prestroke cognitive status and incident stroke.
data from @number@ follow-up surveys were used to identify new stroke and poststroke dementia events.
results : the analyses were based on @number@ @number@ participants aged≥50 years at baseline.
stroke was associated with increased rr of poststroke dementia ( rr , @number@ @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.80-3.84 ; p < 0.001 ) .
conclusions : stroke and prestroke cognition were independently associated with increased probability of poststroke dementia.
stroke results in disproportionate increase in the risk of dementia when premorbid cognitive functioning is high.
background : despite the increasing burden of dementia in developing countries , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) continues to be underexplored.
a subset of patients was subjected to imaging biomarker studies as a part of routine clinical practice.
results : among the @number@ patients evaluated during the study period , @number@ ( @percent@ ) presented with mild memory complaints.
cerebrovascular disease was a common secondary cause.
nearly half of the patients ( @number@ of @number@ ) had mci according to the modified petersen criteria.
all mci subjects were educated and the majority were male.
a total of @percent@ of the cohort was classified by imaging biomarkers as having mci with intermediate likelihood of ad according to the nia-aa criteria.
for the right fi cortex , temporal discounting was negatively associated with functional connectivity to a right cerebellar region.
connectivity maps of both left and right seed regions of interest overlapped in the right cerebellum.
results support the notion of different brain functional connectivity patterns associated with the dynamic range of temporal discounting in old age.
it is important to identify modifiable risk factors to reduce the burden of olfactory impairment in aging populations.
objective : to determine if exercise is associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment.
design , setting , and participants : observational longitudinal population-based epidemiology of hearing loss study.
increasing frequency of exercise was associated with decreasing risk of developing olfactory impairment ( p value for trend = @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : regular exercise was associated with lower 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment.
older adults who exercise may be able to retain olfactory function with age.
apathy is common in aging and generally defined on the basis of three dimensions : lack of initiative , lack of interest and emotional blunting.
curiously , no study until now has examined the associations and dissociations between these dimensions in elderly people ( with or without dementia ) .
these questions were addressed in two studies.
apathy was hetero-evaluated with the apathy inventory ( ai ) , a scale widely used to assess the apathy dimensions in aging.
results showed that lack of initiative was closely related to lack of interest ( study @number@ ) .
thus , the distinction between lack of initiative and lack of interest seems questionable.
background : patients with chronic atherosclerotic vessel occlusion and cerebrovascular hemodynamic insufficiency may benefit from extra-intracranial ( ec-ic ) bypass surgery.
due to demographic changes , an increasing number of elderly patients presents with cerebrovascular hemodynamic insufficiency.
so far , little data for ec-ic bypass surgery in elderly patients suffering occlusive cerebrovascular disease are available.
we therefore designed a retrospective study to address the question whether ec-ic bypass is a safe and efficient treatment in a patient cohort ≥70 years.
methods : @number@ patients underwent ec-ic standard bypass surgery with translocation of the superficial temporal artery to an m2 segment of the medial cerebral artery.
the incidence of perioperative neurological and surgical complications , bypass patency , bypass function and short-term outcome were retrospectively analyzed.
results : the study cohort consisted of @number@ patients ≥70 years ( mean = @number@ years , se @number@ ) .
it was compared to a cohort of @number@ patients < 70 years ( mean = @number@ years , se @number@ ) .
both groups underwent ec-ic bypass surgery after careful preoperative work-up.
both patient groups did not differ significantly in gender , vascular pathology , previous history of diseases / comorbidity or clinical symptoms.
perioperative stroke rate was @percent@ in both groups and mild morbidity occurred in @number@ and @percent@ , respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
one 84-year-old female patient died due to perioperative endocarditis.
initial bypass patency was @percent@ in patients above the age of @number@ years and @percent@ in the younger group ( p = @number@ ) .
secondary occlusion rate was low in both groups ( ≥70 years : @percent@ vs. < 70 years @percent@ ) .
no new neurologic deficit occurred in patients with a patent bypass during the follow-up period ( median @number@ ± @number@ months ) .
two patients with an initially occluded bypass and one with a secondary bypass occlusion suffered from new neurological symptoms.
the challenge in finding reproducible loci of ischemic stroke susceptibility may be in part related to the etiologic heterogeneity in clinically defined stroke subtypes.
methods : measures of neuropathology and genotyping were available from @number@ deceased participants from the religious orders study and the rush memory and aging project.
regression models relating snps to cerebrovascular neuropathology were adjusted for age at death , gender and cohort membership.
results : the strongest associations seen for both macroscopic and microscopic infarcts were risk variants associated with diabetes.
the diabetes risk variant rs864745 within jazf1 was associated with arteriolosclerosis ( or = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
when coupled with larger sample sizes , cerebrovascular neuropathologic phenotypes will likely be powerful tools for the genetic dissection of susceptibility for ischemic stroke.
background : dietary fiber may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors.
methods : our cross-sectional analysis included @number@ men and nonpregnant women aged 20 + years from the 1999-2010 national health and nutrition examination survey.
results : consistently , dietary fiber intake remained below recommended adequate intake levels for total fiber defined by the institute of medicine.
mean dietary fiber intake averaged @date@ @number@ g.
mexican americans ( @number@ g ) consumed more fiber than non-hispanic whites ( @number@ g ) and non-hispanic blacks ( @number@ g ) .
introduction : scientific evidence shows that cigarette price increases can significantly reduce smoking prevalence and smoking initiation among adolescents and young adults.
however , data are lacking regarding the effectiveness of increasing pennsylvania's cigarette tax to reduce smoking and / or adverse health effects of smoking.
results : after the first excise tax increase , no beneficial effects were noted on the outcomes of interest.
the age-adjusted ami hospitalization rate for men showed a decline of @number@.87 / 100 , 000 population ( p = @number@ ) .
quarterly scd rates for men decreased by @number@.34 / 100 , 000 population ( p < @number@ ) .
decreases were also seen in asthma hospitalizations and men's age-adjusted ami hospitalization and scd rates.
objective : to determine which measures-impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) , elevated hba1c , or both-best predict incident diabetes in older adults.
incident diabetes was based on self-report , use of antihyperglycemic medicines , or hba1c ≥6.5% during @number@ years of follow-up.
logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age , sex , race , site , bmi , smoking , blood pressure , and physical activity.
discrimination and calibration were assessed for models with ifg and with both ifg and elevated hba1c.
results : among @number@ adults ( mean age @number@ @percent@ men , @percent@ black ) , @number@ ( @percent@ ) developed diabetes over @number@ years.
addition of elevated hba1c to the model with ifg resulted in improved discrimination and calibration.
conclusions : older adults with both ifg and elevated hba1c have a substantially increased odds of developing diabetes over @number@ years.
combined screening with fpg and hba1c may identify older adults at very high risk for diabetes.
objectives : as outdoor workers , seafarers have high levels of work-related exposure to uv radiation.
methods : one dermatologist examined @number@ seafarers and documented the presence of @number@ extrinsic skin ageing symptoms.
based on a questionnaire , the seafarers ' attitudes and sun protection were evaluated.
results : on average , @number@ extrinsic skin ageing symptoms were found among the seafarers without significant differences between ethnic groups.
only half of the seafarers examined were aware of their elevated risk of photodamage due to their high uv exposure at sea.
furthermore , @percent@ of the seafarers ( significantly more often caucasians ) used sunscreens during sunlight exposure at sea.
conclusions : the various ethnic groups examined differed in their attitude and behaviour towards shipboard sun exposure.
education of shipboard crews is required about possible severe health effects due to sun exposure at sea.
information for the present study was obtained from the members of the @number@ british birth cohort ( n @number@ ) .
serum 25 ( oh ) d concentration , indicating vitamin d status , was measured at age @number@ years.
information on childhood cognitive ability , educational attainment , vitamin d-related behaviours and other covariates was collected prospectively from participants throughout their life.
the present study demonstrated that 25 ( oh ) d concentrations were non-linearly associated with immediate word recall in mid-life.
a clarification of the level of 25 ( oh ) d concentrations that is most beneficial for predicting better cognitive performance in mid-life is required.
in vitro tests continue to be an indispensable method for the initial screening of dental materials.
thermal cycling is one of the most widely used procedures to simulate the physiological aging experienced by biomaterials in clinical practice.
consequently it is routinely employed in experimental studies to evaluate materials ' performance.
a literature review aimed to elucidate test parameters for in vitro aging of adhesive restorations was performed.
this study aims to assess whether or not a standardized protocol of thermal cycling has been acknowledged from a review of the literature.
an exhaustive literature search , examining the effect of thermal cycling on restorative dental materials , was performed with electronic database and by hand.
the search was restricted to studies published from @number@ to @date@ .
no language restrictions were applied.
the search identified @number@ relevant experimental studies.
only twenty-three studies had faithfully applied iso standard.
a wide variation in thermal cycling parameters applied in experimental studies has been identified.
the parameters selected amongst these studies seem to be done on the basis of convenience for the authors in most cases.
a comparison of results between studies would appear to be impossible.
the available data suggest that further investigations will be required to ultimately develop a standardized thermal cycling protocol.
the central importance of epigenetics to the aging process is increasingly being recognized.
eleven age-associated differentially methylated regions ( dmrs ) passed bonferroni correction ( p-value < @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) ) .
to examine biological themes , we selected @number@ dmrs with false discovery rate of < 0.1.
of these , @number@ showed hypomethylation and @number@ showed hypermethylation with age.
hypermethylated dmrs were more likely to overlap with cpg islands and shores.
among genes implicated by the top dmrs were protocadherins , homeobox genes , mapks and ryanodine receptors.
several of our dmrs are at genes with potential relevance for age-related disease.
objective : episodic and semantic processes are involved in temporality used in daily life.
in ad , semantic memory processes are preserved longer than processes related to episodic memory.
we wonder whether the specific field of knowledge about time is altered during ad.
methodology : we validated a specific evaluation with a control group ( @number@ healthy subjects ) .
then we applied this battery to assess ad patients to appreciate the feasibility of this tool for this population.
we then compared @number@ ad patients with a control group matched for age , sex and educational level.
temporal segmentation , independent of the cultural level , revealed the best acquired knowledge in our control population.
all the scores differentiated patients from control subjects.
depression did not have any influence on this scale in our ad group.
conclusion : temporal semantic knowledge is altered in ad.
the diagnosis and follow-up of these alterations allow professionals and caregivers to consider adaptations of the patient's environment according to their needs.
this review focuses on the endocrine and physiological features of the transition to menopause , known as the menopausal transition or the perimenopause.
the review concludes with a discussion of management strategies.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' menopause'.
several studies have shown that conflict processing improves from childhood to adulthood and declines from adulthood to old age.
however the neural mechanisms underlying this lifespan asymmetry were previously unexplored.
we used a stroop task that a priori dissociated stimulus and response conflict.
delayed p3b latency and increased amplitude revealed that middle age adults have a deficit in stimulus processing.
additionally a sustained p3a across frontal and central electrodes occurred only in middle age adults indicating the recruitment of frontal activity.
the n450 , a measure of conflict processing , was found to be sensitive to both stimulus and response conflict.
altogether these results provide evidence for asymmetrical differences in stimulus and response conflict processing across adolescence , young adulthood and middle age.
the transcription of mir-7 was found to be upregulated in aged cells.
the altered dynamics of cd44 in the cell membrane demonstrated a further action of mir-7 in regulating the ha-dependent cd44 / egfr pathway.
nonenzymatic post-translational modification ( ptm ) of proteins is a fundamental molecular process of aging.
the combination of various modifications and their accumulation with age not only affects function , but leads to crosslinking and protein aggregation.
in this study , aged human lens proteins were examined using hplc-tandem mass spectrometry and a blind ptm search strategy.
multiple thioether modifications of ser and thr residues by glutathione ( gsh ) and its metabolites were unambiguously identified.
in vitro incubations of phosphopeptides demonstrated that this process can occur spontaneously under physiological conditions.
evidence that this mechanism can also lead to protein-protein crosslinks within cells is provided where five crosslinked peptides were detected in a human cataractous lens.
furthermore , this mechanism may be a common aging process that occurs in long-lived proteins of other tissues leading to protein aggregation diseases.
we review findings on neuroplasticity in the aging brain and their relevance for cognitive improvement in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
we discuss cognitive reserve and possible mechanisms that drive neuroplasticity and new learning.
methods : seventy-six patients were enrolled , and were taking @number@ mg dutasteride daily for @number@ weeks.
all patients responded to the questionnaires : international prostatic symptom score ( ipss ) , overactive bladder symptom score ( oabss ) .
group a showed significant improvement in ipss and oabss with a significant increase of ft level , whereas group b showed no significant change.
materials and methods : mtops enrolled @number@ men , and of these , @number@ had total testosterone ( tt ) measured at baseline.
lt was defined as a single measurement of tt of < 300 ng / dl.
results : the overall prevalence of lt was @percent@.
conclusions : lt was observed in about one in four mtops study participants with baseline tt measurements.
the prevalence of lt increased markedly with increasing bmi.
our findings suggest a high prevalence of lt in obese men with luts / bph.
physicians should be alert to the possibility of symptoms of hypogonadism in this population.
one goal of aging research is to find drugs that delay the onset of age-associated disease.
studies in invertebrates , particularly caenorhabditis elegans , have uncovered numerous genes involved in aging , many conserved in mammals.
however , which of these encode proteins suitable for drug targeting is unknown.
to investigate this question , we screened a library of compounds with known mammalian pharmacology for compounds that increase c. elegans lifespan.
we identified @number@ compounds that increase longevity in c. elegans , @number@ of which also increased resistance to oxidative stress.
many of these compounds are drugs approved for human use.
enhanced resistance to oxidative stress was associated primarily with compounds that target receptors for biogenic amines , such as dopamine or serotonin.
also , we examined the association between role transitions and persistence , recurrence , and new onset of drug use disorders.
results : rates of persistence were stable over the life span , whereas rates of new onset and recurrence decreased with age.
changes in parenthood , marital , and employment status were associated with persistence , new onset , and recurrence.
we found an interaction between marital status and age.
we conducted a literature search in the psycinfo , medline , and google scholar databases for @number@ to @number@
we found substantial between-country differences in the legal status of migrant caregivers and regulations regarding working and living conditions and drew @number@ conclusions.
improving regulations will likely improve not only the well-being of foreign home attendants but also the care they provide.
countries in which many foreign home attendants work without specific legal entry programs should rethink their policies.
finally , requiring an employer's recommendation to obtain permanent residency may constrain foreign workers from registering complaints or leaving suboptimal employment situations.
our purpose in conducting this qualitative study was to examine how a multiethnic sample of women living in hilo , hawai'i , describe menopause.
interviews were conducted with @number@ pre- , peri- , and post-menopausal women aged @number@ to @number@
a dominant theme was the construction of a post-menstrual identity.
peri-and post-menopausal women's attitudes were not biomedically oriented.
local culture and the island lifestyle may provide a positive atmosphere for women going through menopause.
men show an age-related decline in the circulating levels of testosterone ( t ) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( dheas ) .
consequently , there is interest in developing androgen supplementation paradigms for old men that replicate the hormone profiles of young adults.
together the data demonstrate a non-invasive androgen supplementation paradigm that restores youthful circulating androgen levels in old male primates.
interventions to improve the cognitive health of older adults are of critical importance.
of the other cognitive ability measures were related to intervention group.
a neuropsychological battery was administered to @number@ greek-cypriot older adults.
the study illustrates a parsimonious way of defining cr and provides empirical support for the cr hypothesis.
tumor suppressor p53-dependent apoptosis is thought to be one of the most important tumor-suppressive mechanisms in human tumorigenesis.
till date , \ "super p53 \ " mutants exhibiting more potent ability to induce apoptosis than wild-type p53 have been reported.
these super p53s may provide a clue for development of novel therapeutic targets.
however , the major mechanism underlying the super p53-dependent apoptosis remains unclear.
we identified damage-regulated autophagy modulator ( dram ) as one of the genes that were more upregulated by s121f than wild-type p53.
here , we show that dram is an important gene for the enhancement of p53-dependent apoptosis.
additional analysis of the mechanism of super p53-dependent apoptosis may lead to the identification of novel drug targets for cancer therapy.
dysphagia was assessed using the standardized swallowing assessment.
data were collected on activities of daily living ( adl ) , instrumental adl ( iadl ) , and medical history and laboratory.
this is the first published report of the prevalence of dysphagia in older community-dwelling koreans.
dysphagia is a common problem among elderly people that limits some iadl domains.
the medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) is the first brain area to succumb to neurofibrillary tau pathology in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
we tested this hypothesis in living humans , using ultra-high field @number@ t mri to make fine measurements of mtl microstructure.
in contrast , other synaptically connected elements of the mtl did not exhibit size correlations.
interestingly , ca1-srlm and erc were the only mtl structures to atrophy in older controls relative to a younger comparison group.
together , these findings suggest that erc and ca1-srlm share vulnerability to both age and ad-associated atrophy.
the ability to learn new movements and dynamics is important for maintaining independence with advancing age.
age-related sensorimotor changes and increased muscle coactivation likely alter the trial-and-error-based process of adapting to new movement demands ( motor adaptation ) .
here , we asked , to what extent is motor adaptation to novel dynamics maintained in older adults ( ≥65 yr ) ?
we hypothesized that older adults would adapt to the novel dynamics less well than young adults.
because older adults often use muscle coactivation , we expected older adults to use greater muscle coactivation during motor adaptation than young adults.
nevertheless , we predicted that older adults would reduce muscle activity and metabolic cost with motor adaptation , similar to young adults.
we measured their metabolic rate continuously via expired gas analysis.
a force field was used to add novel dynamics.
older adults had greater movement deviations and compensated for just @percent@ of the novel dynamics compared with @percent@ in young adults.
as expected , older adults used greater muscle coactivation than young adults.
these results suggest that despite increased muscle coactivation , older adults can adapt to the novel dynamics , albeit less accurately.
these results also suggest that reductions in metabolic cost may be a fundamental feature of motor adaptation.
unlabelled : aging population , increases the number of major abdominal surgery ( mas ) performed in the elderly.
main goal of physiotherapy after that surgery is prevention postoperative complications and reduction of functional limitation.
the aim of the study was to asses functional status elderly people after mas during early postoperative physiotherapy.
material and methods : in a prospective randomized study involved @number@ patients scheduled for elective mas , aged 65 + .
patients were randomly assigned to receive pnf or conventional physiotherapy.
the study included forced spirometry ( fvc , fev1 , pef ) and functional tests ( gait speed , up & go ) .
measurements were performed before surgery and the fourth day after surgery.
also analyzed age , sex , bmi and the level of postoperative independence ( postoperative independence scale sap ) .
results : after surgery the time of gait speed test and up and go test was significant longer in comparison to preoperative value.
fvc% , fev1% , pef% values was decrease.
in the pnf group was found significantly higher postoperative independence ( sap ) and shorter length of stay in hospital compared to conventional physiotherapy group.
results of sap and functional tests were significantly positive correlated.
conclusions : major abdominal surgery decrees efficiency of walking and lung ventilation after @number@ year old in early postoperative period.
factors determining who develops ptsd following trauma are not well understood.
the €4 allele of the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) gene is associated with dementia and unfavorable outcome following brain insult.
ptsd is also associated with dementia.
given evidence that psychological trauma adversely affects the brain , we hypothesized that the apoe genotype moderates effects of psychological trauma on ptsd pathogenesis.
ptsd symptoms were the dependent variable and number of combat experiences , apoe genotype , and the combat experiences × apoe genotype interaction were predictors.
we also examined the outcome of a diagnosis of ptsd ( n = @number@ ) versus no ptsd diagnosis ( n = @number@ ) .
apoe genotype moderates the relationship between combat exposure and ptsd symptoms.
although the pathophysiology of ptsd is not well understood , the €4 allele is related to reduced resilience of the brain to insult.
our results are consistent with the €4 allele influencing the effects of psychological trauma on the brain , thereby affecting the risk of ptsd.
understanding the genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders requires an understanding of the genetics of brain structure and function.
the vietnam era twin study of aging ( vetsa ) is a longitudinal behavioral genetic study focused on cognitive and brain aging.
here , we describe basic science work carried out within the vetsa mri study that provides meaningful contributions toward the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
vetsa produced the first comprehensive assessment of the heritability of cortical and subcortical brain structure sizes , all within the same individuals.
we showed that neocortical thickness and surface area are largely genetically distinct.
with continuous neocortical surface area maps , we confirmed the anterior-posterior gradient of genetic influences on cortical area patterning demonstrated in animal models.
finally , we used twin methods to create the first map of cortical rois based entirely on genetically informative data.
we conclude that these genetically based cortical phenotypes may be more appropriate for genetic studies than traditional rois based on structure or function.
examples supporting the validity of these conclusions are provided.
when bmi was considered , significance was maintained only in the tinetti mobility test.
the integration of frailty measures in clinical practice is crucial for the development of interventions against disabling conditions in older persons.
unfortunately , they are often wrongly considered as alternatives and / or substitutables.
these two instruments are indeed very different and should rather be considered as complementary.
therapeutic management of gait and balance impairment during aging and neurodegeneration has long been a neglected topic.
the initial experience with these emerging treatments is encouraging , although much work remains to be done.
the objective of this narrative review is to discuss several promising developments in the field of gait and balance treatment.
we also address several pitfalls that can potentially hinder a fast and efficient continuation of this vital progress.
however , it is unclear which of the many gait outcomes is most appropriate for each of these purposes.
in this review , we summarise key topics relating to gait measurement.
findings from this review identify a wide range of spatiotemporal and dynamic characteristics ; however , their suitability differs according to the aim of measurement.
gait speed is useful as a global characteristic of performance but may not capture the nature of underlying pathology.
inconsistent application , reporting , and interpretation of gait outcomes currently preclude a prescriptive approach.
conceptual models of gait may facilitate a reasoned approach to outcome selection.
gait characteristics are \ "fit for purpose \ " when selected according to a clear rationale and in accordance with their clinimetric properties.
evidence supports the use of gait as a biomarker of disease and to complement diagnosis and inform disease management.
a structured approach to measurement is urgently required to fully realise the contribution gait can make to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease.
dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease.
both conditions represent independent risk factors for falls.
the relationship between cognitive function and gait has recently received increasing attention.
in recent years , the dual task paradigm has been widely used as an experimental method to explore the interplay between gait and cognition.
a number of morphological and functional neuroimaging studies have offered additional evidence supporting the relationship between gait and cognitive resources.
leading research groups provide critical reviews of the current knowledge and propose future directions for this evolving field.
the intensive work in this area throughout the world has created an urgent need for a unified language.
because gait and postural disturbances are so common , the clinical classification should be clear , straightforward , and simple to use.
the proposed classification differentiates between continuous and episodic gait disturbances because this subdivision has important ramifications from the functional , prognostic , and mechanistic perspectives.
importance : the neurobiologic basis of late-life depressive symptoms is not well understood.
objective : to test the hypothesis that neurodegeneration and neuronal density in brainstem aminergic nuclei are related to late-life depressive symptoms.
design , setting , participants , and exposure : longitudinal clinicopathological cohort study at residences of participants in the chicago , illinois , metropolitan area.
results : brainstem lewy bodies were associated with depressive symptoms , and the association was attenuated in those taking antidepressant medication.
brainstem tangles were associated with more depressive symptoms in those without cognitive impairment but with fewer symptoms in those with mild cognitive impairment.
the association was not modified by medication use or cognitive impairment.
neither tyrosine neurons in the locus ceruleus nor tryptophan neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus were related to depressive symptoms.
unlabelled : signaling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) has been implicated in the development of injury-elicited vascular complications.
soluble rage ( srage ) acts as a decoy of rage and has been used to treat pathological vascular conditions in animal models.
here , we explore whether modulation of srage n-glycoform impacts its bioactivity and augments its therapeutic efficacy.
these and other still unanswered questions remain critical to understanding the impact of multifaceted epigenetic machinery on the age-related dysfunction of cns.
background : ca.
@percent@ of germans develop prediabetes in their lifetime.
though diabetes type @number@ has been proven preventable , no screening for prediabetes has been implemented.
results : in @number@ of @number@ participants the self-measured waist circumference was confirmed as elevated.
screening for prediabetes did not increase the number or costs of drug prescriptions.
conclusions : companies provide a suitable setting for screening for prediabetes.
long-term diabetes prevention is successfully feasible within the narrow financial frame of a legal insurance system without rise of costs.
objective : to estimate the incidence of and to characterize cognitive and imaging findings associated with incident amyloid pet positivity.
twelve subjects with alzheimer disease dementia were included for comparison.
results : of the @number@ cn participants who were amyloid-negative at baseline , @number@ met criteria for incident amyloid pet positivity.
eleven of the @number@ incident amyloid-positive subjects had abnormal hippocampal volume , fdg-pet , or both at baseline.
conclusions : the incidence of amyloid pet positivity is approximately @percent@ per year among cn participants over age @number@ sampled from a population-based cohort.
in 15 / 26 ( @percent@ ) , incident amyloid positivity occurred prior to abnormalities in fdg-pet and hippocampal volume.
however , @date@ ( @percent@ ) incident amyloid-positive subjects had evidence of neurodegeneration prior to incident amyloid positivity.
these @number@ could be subjects with combinations of preexisting non-alzheimer pathophysiologies and tau-mediated neurodegeneration who newly entered the amyloid pathway.
our findings suggest that both \ "amyloid-first \ " and \ "neurodegeneration-first \ " biomarker profile pathways to preclinical ad exist.
objective : to determine arterial stiffness and β-amyloid ( aβ ) deposition in the brain of dementia-free older adults.
methods : we studied a cohort of @number@ dementia-free participants aged 83-96 years.
results : a total of 44 / 91 subjects were aβ-positive on pet scan.
aβ deposition was associated with mixed pwv , systolic bp , and map.
one sd increase in bapwv resulted in a 2-fold increase in the odds of being aβ-positive ( p = @number@ ) .
high white matter hyperintensity ( wmh ) burden was associated with increased central pwv , systolic bp , and map.
conclusions : arterial stiffness was associated with aβ plaque deposition in the brain , independent of bp and apoe ε4 allele.
in considering evaluations of two programs from opposite ends of the country , inferences can differ depending on the observer.
while the demographic-healthcare time bomb we're faced with should have been obvious years ago , the need for positive action is upon us.
stereotype threat often incurs the cost of reducing the amount of information that older adults accurately recall.
in the current research , we tested whether stereotype threat can also benefit memory.
because of this , we predicted that stereotype threat might reduce older adults ' memory errors.
results were consistent with this prediction.
older adults under stereotype threat had lower intrusion rates during free-recall tests ( experiments @number@ and @number@ ) .
they also reduced their false alarms and adopted more conservative response criteria during a recognition test ( experiment @number@ ) .
thus , stereotype threat can decrease older adults ' false memories , albeit at the cost of fewer veridical memories , as well.
diurnal type ( chronotype ) differentiates individuals on an axis between the extremes of evening type to morning type.
these diurnal-type preferences are thought to be relatively stable , but follow-up studies are sparse.
we analyzed a total of @number@ adult males from four datasets with information on diurnal type and age.
of these , @number@ were available for survival analysis and @number@ for analysis of longitudinal diurnal consistency.
statistical tests for stability of diurnal type were based on transition matrices and p values obtained using likelihood ratios.
cox regression was used to calculate the relative risk of all-cause mortality in each of the four diurnal type groups.
after direct age standardization , @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @date@ @percent@ ) of participants in the four datasets were evening types.
the cross-sectional data yielded that morning types were less common in the 2000s than two decades earlier.
the longitudinal dataset revealed a significant shift from evening type to another type from @number@ to @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
at the population level , eveningness appears to have become more prevalent over recent decades.
however , on the individual level , the more morningness the chronotype , the more persistent it remains with aging.
but the effects of ha only lasted for a relatively short duration.
therefore , we tried a new combination therapy of intradermal rf and ha filler.
objective : to evaluate the clinical efficacy of combination therapy of intradermal rf and ha filler for nasolabial fold ( nlf ) wrinkle reduction.
materials and methods : ten korean female volunteers with mild to severe nlfs were enrolled.
in the control group , five subjects were treated with ha filler alone.
in the experimental group , the other five subjects were treated with intradermal rf prior to ha filler.
conclusions : intradermal rf treatment prior to ha filler injection may provide synergistic and long-lasting effects for the reduction of nlf wrinkles.
background : older nurses are working longer and beyond the usual retirement age.
they often experience chronic fatigue and the usual physical and cognitive changes associated with aging.
nursing is a physically demanding profession and many older nurses work in pain while providing direct patient care.
key issues : hospital design can help address the physical work challenges that older nurses experience.
conclusions : older nurses have a wealth of knowledge and expertise , and the design of nursing units can optimize their work experience.
implications for nursing management : nurse managers must participate in design efforts and advocate designs that support aging nurses.
materials and methods : patients ( n = @number@ ) seeking skin rejuvenation underwent co2 laser resurfacing.
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of microdermabrasion in human skin rejuvenation.
methods : eleven women who were undergoing abdominoplasty were considered.
the number of sessions ranged from one to five , with weekly intervals , and timing of sample collection ranged from @number@ to @number@ days.
samples were fixed in @percent@ formaldehyde in phosphate buffer and were evaluated histologically.
results : a mild to marked hyperpigmentation was observed and remained for a variable period.
the analysis showed a late stay of epidermal changes , which did not occur in the dermis.
introduction : skin resurfacing is an accepted gold standard for the treatment of skin laxity , photodamage , and appearance of visible lines and wrinkles.
the safety of using the trifractional system was established by the physicians ' assessments and observations of adverse events after each treatment.
results : no significant adverse side effects were detected or reported.
study subjects reported no pain to moderate pain during treatment with no need of pain relief medication beyond topical anesthesia.
relative confidence accuracy was computed as the difference between confidence judgments for correct and incorrect responses.
thus , education was a significant predictor of retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and ad.
objectives : there is a growing consensus worldwide that palliative care needs to be both more inclusive of conditions other than cancer and to improve.
this paper explores some common challenges currently faced by professionals providing palliative care for patients with either cancer or dementia across five countries.
this paper explored deeper themes hidden behind a discourse about barriers and facilitators to improving care.
the present paper addresses this question by investigating the degree to which health effects depend on the development of a shared sense of group identification.
this is examined in the context of traditional story-based reminiscence as well as novel forms of song-based reminiscence.
these were run over six weeks with cognitive performance , anxiety , and life satisfaction measured before and after the intervention.
measures of group fit were included to examine whether social identification contributed to outcomes.
conclusion : these findings show that group identification is a key moderator through which reminiscence promotes health outcomes.
implications for theory and practice highlight an inherent limitation in randomized controlled trials insofar as they may compromise participants ' group identification.
methods : we analyzed data from the third to fifth waves of korean national health and nutrition examination survey ( 2005-2011 ) .
prevalence of each smoking cessation method use was calculated for each year , and its secular trend was tested by multivariate logistic regression.
education of smokers about effective smoking cessation methods and change in reimbursement policy are suggested to stimulate evidence-based smoking cessation practice.
maximum strength of the leg extensors was determined isometrically by force plates.
conclusion : in summary , wb-ems showed positive effects on the parameters of sarcopenia and regional fat accumulation.
objective : to determine whether older adults with diabetes are at increased risk of an injurious fall requiring hospitalization.
research design and methods : the longitudinal health , aging , and body composition study included @number@ adults aged 70-79 years at baseline.
hospitalizations that included icd-9-clinical modification codes for a fall and an injury were identified.
the effect of diabetes with and without insulin use on the rate of first fall-related injury hospitalization was assessed using proportional hazards models.
results : at baseline , @number@ participants had diabetes , and @number@ of them were using insulin.
of the @number@ participants who were hospitalized for a fall-related injury , @number@ had diabetes , and @number@ were using insulin.
in those participants using insulin , compared with participants without diabetes , the hr was @number@ ( @number@.78-5.07 ) .
among those with diabetes , poor glycemic control may increase the risk of an injurious fall.
alagebrium breaks advanced glycation end product crosslinks and improves lv stiffness in aged animals.
however , it is unclear whether a strategy of exercise combined with alagebrium would improve lv stiffness in sedentary older humans.
subjects underwent right heart catheterization to define lv pressure-volume curves ; secondary functional outcomes included cardiopulmonary exercise testing and arterial compliance.
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and lv end-diastolic volume were measured at baseline , during decreased and increased cardiac filling.
lv stiffness was assessed by the slope of lv pressure-volume curve.
after intervention , lv mass and end-diastolic volume increased and exercise capacity improved ( by ≈8% ) only in the exercise groups.
neither lv mass nor exercise capacity was affected by alagebrium.
conclusions : alagebrium had no effect on hemodynamics , lv geometry , or exercise capacity in healthy , previously sedentary seniors.
however , it did show a modestly favorable effect on age-associated lv stiffening.
clinical trial registration- url : @url@
unique identifier : nct01014572.
exercise training improved crf and muscle strength in all age groups ( p < 0.05 ) , and no significant differences were observed between groups.
exercise training also improved resting hr and recovery hr in yg and emg ( p < 0.05 ) , but not in lmg and og.
maximal hr did not change in any group.
combined aerobic and resistance training at a frequency of @number@ days / week improves crf and muscle strength throughout the lifespan.
however , exercise-induced improvements in the hr recovery response to exercise may be impaired in late middle-aged and older women.
we further envision that the activation and continued presence of retrotransposition contribute to age-associated tissue degeneration and pathology.
chromatin is a complex and dynamic structure that needs to be maintained in a functional state throughout our lifetime.
studies of diverse species have revealed that chromatin undergoes extensive rearrangements during aging.
cellular senescence , an important component of mammalian aging , has recently been associated with decreased heterochromatinization of normally silenced regions of the genome.
these changes lead to the expression of rtes , culminating in their transposition.
rtes are common in all kingdoms of life , and comprise close to @percent@ of mammalian genomes.
they are tightly controlled , as their activity is highly destabilizing and mutagenic to their resident genomes.
background and aims : the information about clinical presentation and outcome of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) patients is limited.
we performed this study to assess the impact of age on potential differences in clinical characteristics , treatment patterns and outcome in hcc patients.
there was no significant difference between the two groups in child-pugh class and tumor stages.
the overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups ( @number@ mo. vs. @number@ mo. , p = @number@ ) .
significant differences were observed in therapeutic strategies utilized with the two groups , but the overall survival was not significantly different.
background : vitamin d has a basic role in bone growth and metabolism and has been noticed for its important role in many diseases.
objectives : to detect the prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency among the elderly in dakahlia.
methodology : a cross-sectional study was conducted on @number@ elderly patients ( @number@ years and older ) recruited from meet abbad-nabaroh-dakahlia , egypt.
the level of @number@ hydroxy vitamin d ( 25ohd ) was measured.
a normal level of vitamin d is defined as a 25ohd concentration ≥30 ng / ml.
vitamin d insufficiency is defined as a 25ohd concentration of 20-29 ng / ml.
vitamin d deficiency is defined as a 25ohd level < 20 ng / ml.
results : there were no cases of vitamin d deficiency among the studied population.
the prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency ( 25ohd level of 20-29 ng / ml ) among the elderly in dakahlia was @number@ %.
prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency was ( @number@ % ) in males and ( @number@ % ) in females.
background and aims : sarcopenia has been indicated as a reliable marker of frailty and poor prognosis among the oldest individuals.
there are only few data on sarcopenia in healthy general population.
all were healthy people.
diagnosis of sarcopenia required the documentation of low muscle mass with low muscle strength according to the current international consensus definition of sarcopenia.
for the men , the percentage of sarcopenia increase with aging from @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ to @number@ % , respectively.
our findings support the hypothesis that muscle mass and function are associated with bmi and physical activity , whatever the age of the subject.
we examined the cross-sectional relationship between cerebrovascular hemodynamics and white matter structural integrity in elderly individuals with vascular risk factors.
pulsatility index ( pi ) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation ( dca ) was assessed using transcranial doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery.
higher pi was associated with greater wmh ( p < 0.005 ) .
higher phase across all frequency ranges was associated with greater fa and lower md ( p < 0.005 ) .
lower gain was associated with higher fa in the lf range ( p = 0.001 ) .
these relationships between phase and fa were significant in the territories limited to the middle cerebral artery as well as across the entire brain.
the present study was designed to prospectively collect pharmacokinetic and safety data on age-adapted intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in children aged > 3 years.
patients and methods : sixteen patients with malignant brain tumours were included in the study.
children aged 3-10 years received liposomal cytarabine @number@ mg with concomitant dexamethasone , and those aged > 10 years received @number@ mg.
serial csf and plasma samples were collected before administration and @number@ h , @number@ h , @number@ h , @number@ week and @number@ weeks post-dosing.
csf was analysed for free and encapsulated cytarabine , and plasma was analysed for free cytarabine.
cytarabine concentrations in plasma were negligible.
in general , liposomal cytarabine was well tolerated , with relevant but manageable toxicities.
in hd patients , idl apob levels were elevated , but ldl apob levels remained within the normal range.
nonetheless , a prolonged residence time for ldl apob of 2-5 days , made ldl more atherogenic.
atorvastatin completely ameliorated impaired ldl apob catabolism.
finally , a compartmental model suggests intracellular , rather than extracellular , assembly of lp ( a ) .
this in vivo kinetic evidence will uncover the underlying mechanism for uremic dyslipidemia and provide strategies to reduce cvd in hd patients.
we present a two-dimensional electromagnetic analysis of light propagation through the human eye to examine the eye's optical properties.
the electromagnetic approach has intriguing advantages over the conventional and frequently implemented ray optics analysis.
we also investigate the effects of the cornea's and lens's curved structures on the focusing mechanism.
the focal length and chromatic and spherical aberrations are observed to change owing to age-related refractive index variation in the lens.
in addition , the effects of the lens and curvatures of the human eye on focusing are analyzed.
the intensity distributions on the retina for both on- and off-axis illumination are calculated.
a strong correlation between the locations of the nerve fibers and the intensity distribution is confirmed.
the identification of als biomarkers in presymptomatic individuals might also provide clues to the earliest biochemical correlates of the disease.
we examined adolescents ' reasons for tanning and how these relate to appearance evaluation and orientation.
it was found that girls and boys differed on four of nine subscales measuring reasons for tanning.
girls believed more strongly than boys that tanning improved their general appearance and that friends influenced their decision to tan.
girls also expressed less concern than boys that tanning caused immediate skin damage or premature aging.
the pattern of correlations between the reasons for tanning and appearance orientation was similar for girls and boys.
for both , appearance reasons for tanning and sociocultural influences on tanning were positively associated with appearance orientation.
suggestions for future research with adolescents and a proposal for a guiding model are provided.
they maintain only a few pathways for obtaining energy and reducing power for the key functions they need to fulfill.
this makes rbcs highly sensitive to any aberration.
if so , these rbcs are quickly removed from circulation , but if the rbc levels reduce extremely fast , this results in hemolytic anemia.
this should result in discovery of biomarkers , typical for each source of anemia.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : biomarkers : a proteomic challenge.
oxidative stress is involved in many age-associated diseases , as well as in the aging process itself.
the development of interventions to reduce oxidative stress is hampered by the absence of sensitive detection methods that can be used in live animals.
crossbreeding into hairless albino mice allowed noninvasive optical measurement of skin oxidative state.
exposing skin to @number@ nm uva radiation oxidized rogfp localized in keratinocyte mitochondria , but not when rogfp was localized in the cytosol.
this suggests that significant amounts of the endogenous photosensitizers that mediate uva-induced oxidative stress are located in the mitochondria.
uvr is the major environmental cause of skin aging and uva-mediated oxidative stress has been associated with the development of wrinkles in humans.
anorexia recognizes a multifactorial origin characterized by various combinations of medical , environmental and social factors.
one of the most important goals in the management of older , frail people is to optimize their nutritional status.
here , we provide a brief overview on the relevance of anorexia in the context of sarcopenia and frailty.
major pathways supposedly involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia are also illustrated.
finally , the importance of treating anorexia to achieve health benefits in frail elders is highlighted.
we focused on analyzing the p3a and the n2 in both the target stimulus and the immediately succeeding irrelevant stimulus.
the literature on age-friendly communities is predominantly focused on a model of urban aging , thereby failing to reflect the diversity of rural communities.
many neurodegenerative disorders involve the abnormal accumulation of proteins.
gephyrin accumulations in ad overlapped with β-amyloid plaques and , more rarely , neurofibrillary tangles.
scholars who study how social networks affect older adults ' health are often concerned with the prospect of declining social connectedness in late life.
this paper shifts the focus to older adults ' tendencies to cultivate new social ties.
this process of network growth can improve access to social resources , boost self-esteem , reduce loneliness , and increase physical activity.
network losses were associated with physical but not psychological well-being.
workforce planning in an era of health care reform is a challenge as both delivery systems and patient demographics change.
actual health care use patterns will become evident as systemic changes are realized-or not-over time.
furthermore , the obese diabetic patients had higher mortality than did the obese nondiabetic patients with the same number of cancers.
diabetic patients may benefit from increased surveillance for these cancers.
aim : place of death is an important component of the quality of a person's death.
the hippocampus and thalamus assume a significant role in the overnight consolidation of memories , a process that is negatively impacted by sleep disruption.
emerging evidence suggests that disturbances of sleep in older people may co-occur with underlying neurobiological changes.
this study sought to assess glial and neuronal integrity in these regions in relation to subjective sleep disturbance in a healthy older sample.
no other significant correlations were observed within the hippocampus or within the thalamus.
these results indicate that in healthy older people , subjective sleep disturbance may be associated with glial alterations in the hippocampus.
future research is now needed to examine these associations with respect to objective sleep measures and overnight memory consolidation.
merely observing another person performing an action can make young people later misremember having performed this action themselves ( the observation-inflation effect ) .
we examined this type of memory error in healthy older adults.
overall , both young and older adult groups showed robust observation inflation.
at the same time , observation also had beneficial effects on subsequent action memory , especially in older adults.
we consider accounts of observation inflation based on source monitoring , familiarity misattribution , and motor simulation.
memory performance was assessed with a free-recall task.
results indicated that the higher the endorsement of the incremental theory , the better the free recall.
again , for older adults , the higher the incremental endorsement , the better the free recall.
moreover , as predicted , implicit theories did not predict younger adults ' memory performance.
in study @number@ participants read mock news articles reporting evidence in favor of either the entity or incremental theory.
those in the incremental condition outperformed those in the entity condition on reading span and free-recall tasks.
these effects were mediated by pretask worry such that , for those in the entity condition , higher worry was associated with lower performance.
taken together , these studies suggest that variation in entity versus incremental endorsement represents a key predictor of older adults ' memory performance.
many older adults do not meet physical activity recommendations and suffer from health-related complications.
patients walked an average of about @number@ steps / day at baseline.
participants in the reinforcement intervention also evidenced greater reductions in blood pressure and weight over time and improvements in fitness indices , ps < @number@
ultimately , economic analyses may reveal reinforcement interventions to be cost-effective , especially in high-risk populations of older adults.
to date , little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects.
future intervention studies could attempt to challenge negative spa to support effective strategy use in older adults with serious illnesses.
after studying the pairs , participants were shown each item and asked to recall the associated price.
understanding students ' beliefs and perceptions of sex / sexuality in later life can reduce and prevent ageist myths and stereotypes.
no significant differences were observed from responses regarding lgbt older adults or constraints to sexuality in long term care facilities.
the positive perceptions among students in the current study suggest an increased acceptance of sexuality and diversity that should be maintained in university curricula.
the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significant effect of the economic cycle on the final accumulated balance in superannuation retirement accounts.
method : a monte carlo simulation is used to illustrate the variance in outcomes that can be expected for a hypothetical individual.
results : the expected accumulated superannuation balances for two hypothetical individuals are estimated.
conclusions : many retirees rely on superannuation to fund their retirement.
the aim was to investigate the influence of various biological factors upon the outcome of intrauterine insemination ( iui ) .
the total iui history ( @number@ cycles ) of @number@ couples was studied.
live-birth showed a strong negative correlation with female age but no correlation with male age.
significant thresholds were found for all three variables , and also for total motile count ( tmc ) in the prepared sperm.
calculating pregnancy losses per positive pregnancy showed a strong correlation with increasing female age.
this was highly significant for biochemical losses but not for fetal heart miscarriages.
male age had no effect on rate of pregnancy loss.
the immune system undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging.
here , we are going to review the immunological changes associated with the aging process relevant for transplantation.
interventions to selectively target changes associated with the senescence process seem promising therapeutic strategies to improve transplantation outcome.
the transcription factor activator protein-1 ( ap-1 ) participates in many aspects of cell physiology , such as cellular proliferation , transformation , and death.
ap-1 is a dimeric complex that primarily contains jun and fos family members.
here , we report that jun is a target of heat shock transcription factor hsf1.
in hela cells , jun transcription was rapidly induced by heat treatment.
we found that hsf1 bound to the jun promoter and was necessary for its efficient response to heat shock.
in heat-shocked cells , c-jun-mediated gene expression was induced slowly following accumulation of c-jun protein.
forced expression of active hsf1 in cells resulted in an increase in c-jun expression and activation of c-jun target genes.
these results show that hsf1 regulates jun expression , thereby modulating ap-1 activity.
lipids , glucose , liver enzymes and haemoglobin a1c analyses were carried out in a commercial laboratory.
anthropometric measurements were also made throughout the study period.
conclusions : long-term t therapy , at physiological levels , ameliorates mets components.
these findings strongly suggest that t therapy in hypogonadal men may prove useful in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
aging in sweden has been uniquely shaped by its history-most notably the long tradition of locally controlled services for older adults.
we considered how local variations and local control shape the experience of aging in sweden and organized the paper into @number@ sections.
first , we examine aging in sweden along demography , economy , and housing.
finally , we direct researchers to additional data resources for understanding aging in sweden in greater depth.
sweden was one of the first countries to experience rapid population aging.
quality of life for a majority of older swedes is high.
background : adults aging with hiv infection are at risk for age-related comorbidities and syndromes , such as frailty.
methods : a prospective , observational cohort study was nested in the multicenter aids cohort study from @date@ - @date@ .
fp conversion was defined as the onset of fp over two consecutive study visits.
adjusted odds ratios and @percent@ confidence intervals ( [ , ] ) for fp conversion were estimated using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations.
among men who had one or more fp + visits , @percent@ of hiv + and @percent@ of hiv- men had less than two comorbidities.
background : advanced glycation endproducts are biologically active compounds that accumulate in disordered metabolism and normal aging.
carboxymethyl-lysine ( cml ) , a ubiquitous human advanced glycation endproduct , has been associated with age-related conditions and mortality.
methods : in 1996-1997 , serum cml was measured in @number@ cardiovascular health study participants ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
disability , defined as difficulty in any of six activities of daily living , was assessed every 6-12 months for @number@ years.
frailty was defined according to five standard criteria at the 1996-1997 visit.
cox proportional hazard models estimated the relationship between cml and incident disability ( n = @number@ ) .
logistic regression models estimated the relationship between cml and prevalent frailty.
cml was not associated with frailty in women.
conclusions : higher serum cml levels in late life are associated with incident disability and prevalent frailty.
further work is needed to understand cml's value as a risk stratifier , biomarker , or target for interventions that promote healthy aging.
background : on average , as people age , they accumulate more health deficits and have an increased risk of death.
the deficit accumulation-based frailty index ( fi ) can quantify health and its outcomes in aging.
even so , gender differences in the limit to frailty have not been reported.
the main outcome measure was 5-year mortality.
an fi consisting of @number@ health-related variables was constructed.
the absolute and @percent@ fi limits were calculated for different age groups and analyzed by sex.
the highest absolute fi value was @number@ in men and @number@ in women.
in both groups , people with an fi greater than or equal to the @percent@ limit showed close to @percent@ mortality by @number@ years.
even so , the fi did not exceed @number@ in any individual.
however , information from population-based studies conducted in representative age groups is so far limited.
information on risk factors of colorectal cancer was obtained in standardized interviews.
microsatellite instability was analyzed using a mononucleotide marker panel.
results : median age among cases was @number@ years , and @number@ cases were classified msi-high ( @percent@ ) .
varieties of transforming growth factor-β ( tgf-β ) antagonists have been developed to intervene with excessive tgf-β signalling activity in cancer.
activin receptor-like kinase5 ( alk5 ) inhibitors antagonize tgf-β signalling by blocking tgf-β receptor-activated smad ( r-smad ) phosphorylation.
here we report the novel mechanisms how alk5 inhibitors exert a therapeutic effect on a mouse b16 melanoma model.
accordingly , t-cell-specific deletion of smad4 was sufficient to suppress the progression of melanoma.
thus , alk5 inhibition enhances anti-melanoma ctl responses through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of smad4 in addition to the direct inhibitory effect on r-smad phosphorylation.
context : pseudohypoparathyroidism ( php ) is defined as resistance toward parathyroid hormones.
php and ( pphp ) are rare disorders resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations within or upstream of the gnas locus.
this study investigated the clinical characteristics and performed a molecular analysis of php and pphp.
clinical features included the presenting symptoms , albright hereditary osteodystrophy features , and resistance to hormones.
comprehensive analysis of the gnas and stx16 loci was undertaken to investigate the molecular defects underlying ( p ) php.
results : all php-ib patients displayed hypocalcemic symptoms.
all php-ia patients showed resistance toward tsh , in addition to pth.
one patient with php-ia was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and showed a good response to human recombinant growth hormone therapy.
@number@ patients with php-ia and pphp showed @number@ different mutations in the gnas gene.
@number@ patients with php-ib displayed a loss of differentially methylated region ( dmr ) imprints of the maternal gnas.
one php-ib patient showed a de novo microdeletion in stx16 and a loss of methylation of exon a / b on the maternal allele.
no patients revealed paternal disomy among @number@ patients with php-ib.
free radical mediated pathologies occupy a special place in medical semiology and in mechanistic interpretation of diseases.
this is the basis of the ambivalent ( jekyll-hyde ) situation of ros in biology and pathology.
aging itself is attributed by a popular theory to free radicals.
a number of ros-scavenging substances and procedures were described without however reaching credibility for their therapeutic value.
an interesting exception is the xanthine oxido-reductase produced ros and their role in cardiovascular disease.
allopurinol inhibition of xanthine oxido-reductase was shown to be efficient in some cases of cardiovascular diseases.
furthermore , it can lead to decreased efficacy of vaccination.
the administration of more immunogenic vaccines can be beneficial in the elderly.
implementing vaccination recommendations for the elderly by stiko can reduce burden of infectious diseases by prevention of infection or reduction of severity of infection.
all adults should be vaccinated against pertussis with tdap vaccine once.
meanwhile , pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is allowed for administration in adults but is not recommended by stiko yet.
a lifelong course of vaccination may help to attenuate the effect of immunosenescence.
aging can be defined as the result of accumulated cellular damage and deregulation of the epigenome.
these changes cause impaired cell maintenance systems , reduced tissue regeneration , weakening of the immune system and increased risk of malignancy.
the higher mortality rate in older individuals is a result of these pathologies.
the growing interest and knowledge in the field of micrornas adds a further dimension to this field of research.
micrornas are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.
they co-regulate stem cell properties such as potency , differentiation , self-renewal and senescence.
various cell systems , e.g. defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen radicals ( ros ) , dna repair and apoptosis are regulated by micrornas.
these properties and the assumption that micrornas act as some kind of general switch make them highly relevant in aging research.
bolivian immigrants in brazil experience serious social problems : precarious work conditions , lack of documents and insufficient access to health services.
according to the data , the immigrants tend to remain in brazil , thus resulting in an aging process in the group.
per capita income increases the longer the immigrants stay in the country.
the majority have secondary schooling.
work status does not vary according to time since arrival in brazil.
the immigrants work and live in garment sweatshops and speak their original languages.
social networks are based on ties with family and friends.
access to health services shows increasing inclusion in primary care.
we used multiple assays to confirm that autophagic activity was downregulated in chondrocytes of aged articular cartilage.
surprisingly , we found that the expression of autophagy-related proteins was not decreased in the tissues of patients with oa.
our results demonstrate that autophagic activity decreases with aging , and may be responsible for the cytoprotective effects in young cartilage.
these results suggest that autophagy plays both a cytoprotective and death-promoting role in the pathogenesis of oa.
the non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein can be chemically reversed by transglycation.
here we report the transglycation activity of hydralazine using a newly developed maldi-tof-ms based assay.
the sample included a total of @number@ probands recruited from a clinically enriched community screening and their @number@ adult living and deceased first-degree relatives.
the results suggest that these major components of bipolar disorder may represent distinct underlying pathways rather than increasingly severe manifestations of a common underlying diathesis.
therefore , dissection of the broad bipolar phenotype in genetic studies could actually generate new findings that could index novel biologic pathways underlying bipolar disorder.
study design : scoping review.
setting : seattle , washington , usa.
results : ninety-two studies were included.
conclusions : the findings support the conclusion that individuals with sci show signs of ' premature aging ' in different organ systems.
purpose of review : fungal endocarditis remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions.
regarding its poor prognosis because of severe complications , there is an urgent need for properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk.
in this review we provide up-to-date information on treatment recommendations , and discuss recent case reports on fungal endocarditis and challenges in prophylaxis and treatment.
they were treated individually in case-by-case approaches , lacking randomized controlled trials and , mostly , treatment recommendations.
summary : the scarcity of fungal endocarditis demands a high index of suspicion and knowledge of the group of at-risk patients.
diagnosis aggressively pursued by echocardiography and multiple blood cultures or surgical specimens has the potential to improve outcome.
candida endocarditis should be treated immediately , including surgical treatment in combination with liposomal amphotericin b or caspofungin with optional addition of flucytosine.
aspergillus endocarditis requires rapid surgery and voriconazole.
this deviation was measured as difference between chronological and the neuroanatomical age ( brain age gap estimation [ brainage ] ) .
neuroanatomical age was determined by a machine learning system trained to individually estimate age from the structural magnetic resonance imagings of @number@ healthy controls.
earlier disease onset in md and bpd groups correlated with more pronounced brainage , reaching effect sizes of the sz group.
second , brainage increased across at-risk , recent onset , and recurrent states of sz.
finally , brainage predicted both patient status as well as negative and disorganized symptoms.
design : within subjects repeated measures study.
setting : operating room in an academic health center.
patients : five subjects undergoing elective cardiothoracic surgery.
subjects received @number@ ± @number@ stimulation bouts during surgery.
thirty minutes following the last stimulation bout , samples of diaphragm muscle were obtained from the anterolateral costal regions of the stimulated and inactive hemidiaphragms.
measurements and main results : mitochondrial respiration was measured in permeabilized muscle fibers with high-resolution respirometry.
we examined several vascular factors in relation to the rates of decline in @number@ cognitive domains in a population-based cohort.
apoe 4 genotype was associated with accelerated decline in language , memory , and executive functions.
homocysteine elevation was associated with faster decline in executive function.
hypertension ( history or systolic blood pressure > 140 mm hg ) was associated with slower decline in memory.
baseline alcohol consumption was associated with slower decline in attention , language , and memory.
different indices of vascular risk are associated with low performance and with rates of decline in different cognitive domains.
cardiovascular mechanisms explain at least some of the variance in cognitive decline.
selective survival may also play a role.
hazard ratios for incident hypertension according to alcohol consumption were estimated using a cox proportional hazards model adjusted for possible confounding variables.
our results suggest that alcohol consumption is a similar risk factor for incident hypertension in both the middle-aged and the older populations.
mutations in dnajc13 , dnajc6 and dnajc5 have been implicated in parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
our results suggest that missense mutations in dnajc13 , dnajc5 and dnajc6 do not play a major role in pd in the chinese population.
twelve control subjects and @number@ pd patients were examined with pet using the 5-ht ( 1b ) -radioligand [ ( @number@ ) c ] az10419369.
in pd patients , 5-ht ( 1b ) -receptor availability in the right orbitofrontal cortex was lower than in control subjects.
although a673t was observed independently in a finnish population , this variant was absent in @number@ asian subjects.
the conflicting observations suggest that the contribution of a673t may be confined to europeans and americans rather than asians.
our study failed to observe this variant in either the longevity subjects or the controls.
we hypothesized that rare apoe variants with large individual effects might also contribute to long-term good health.
forty variants were observed : @number@ were rare ( minor allele frequency < 2% ) ; @number@ were nonsynonymous.
controls were more likely to have an ε4 allele ( pearson χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
among the super-seniors , apoe allele status was not associated with body mass index or mini mental state examination score.
our findings were consistent with ε4 being a risk factor for early mortality.
the glucocerebrosidase gene ( gba ) is a known risk factor of parkinson's disease ( pd ) .
the frequency was significantly higher in autosomal dominant pd ( adpd ) compared with autosomal recessive pd.
interestingly , they also presented with reduced myocardial ( @number@ ) i-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake.
our findings suggest that heterozygous gba mutations are strong risk factors in fpd , especially for autosomal dominant pd.
some patients with gba heterozygous mutations develop clinical features of dlb.
we speculate that gba dysfunction may promote lewy body formation , resulting in more severe pd or dlb phenotypes that are inherited in families.
however , the nature of mutant sod1-mediated motor neuron degeneration is poorly understood.
to provide new insight into the mechanism by which mutant sod1 induces motor neuron injury , we developed novel caenorhabditis elegans models of als.
we also found that before motor neurons began to die in adulthood , axon guidance defect of motor neuron appeared during the development stages.
our models mimic axon developmental defect and the adult-onset degeneration of motor neurons in als.
at age @number@ participants kept diaries of their food intake for 1week.
multivariate linear regression analyses were constructed to examine the association between the total medi score and cognitive functioning and brain volumes.
in addition , possible associations between medi's eight dietary features and cognitive functioning and brain volumes were investigated.
integrating all dietary features into the total medi score explained less variance in cognitive functioning and brain volumes than its single dietary component meat intake.
at the time of myelination , the oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin require a large amount of energy for this task.
conditions that deprive the tissue of energy can kill the oligodendrocytes.
during brain development , the oligodendrocytes may use lactate as an alternative source of energy and material for myelin formation.
mature oligodendrocytes , however , can release lactate through the myelin sheath as nutrient for axons.
in addition , lactate carries signals as a volume transmitter.
myelin thus seems to serve as a provider of substrates and signals for axons , and not as a mere insulator.
we review the fluxes of lactate in white matter and their significance in brain function.
methods : panel data were obtained from the nihon university japanese longitudinal study of aging database.
these data were collected by interviews conducted before ( @date@ and @date@ ) and after ( @date@ and @date@ ) the establishment of ltci.
among the @number@ individuals who participated in these interviews , @number@ of the previous service users , aged ≥65 years , were sampled.
logistic regression analysis was performed to identify individual factors associated with the process of application for ltci.
results : there were @number@ ltci users among the @number@ previous service users ( @percent@ ) .
in contrast , the application process was significantly difficult for community rehabilitation users ( or , @number@ : @percent@ ci , @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : only half of the previous service users were applicants , and they had severe diseases or were more dependent for their iadl.
our findings suggest that many individuals who were functionally independent were covered under the welfare-placement system.
additionally , low-income individuals did not refrain from applying.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : general community in pre-designated zip code areas in memphis , tennessee , and pittsburgh , pennsylvania.
participants : @number@ persons aged 70-79 years at baseline in the health , aging , and body composition study.
results : a higher percentage of blacks than whites were depressed at nearly all time points.
blacks also had a higher likelihood of transitioning from nondepressed to death ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
overall and in sex-stratified analyses , race was not associated with recovery from depression or with the transition from depression to death.
conclusion : our findings highlight race differences in depression in older persons and encourage further research on the course of depression in older black patients.
design : cross-sectional study of secondary data.
setting : data were obtained from the @number@ health and retirement study.
measurements : bmi was calculated based on self-reported height and weight.
cognitive function was measured based on telephone interview for cognitive status-health and retirement study version scores.
results : significant main effects were found for both bmi and race / ethnicity , indicating that cognitive function varies significantly by both.
the bmi × race / ethnicity interaction was also found to be significant.
the black sample displayed a similar pattern as the white sample , although a decrease was observed in cognitive function scores once bmi reached obesity.
conclusion : the results suggest that the relation between bmi and cognitive function does vary by race ethnicity.
implications for research and clinical work are discussed.
task performance for behaviors that engage motor cognitive processes may be particularly sensitive to age-related changes.
one well-studied model of cognitive motor function involves engagement of action selection ( as ) processes.
sixteen older adults made a joystick movement under two conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging.
variability in behavioral response to the as task between participants related to differences in brain function and structure.
additionally , two distinct patterns of functional connectivity were found.
background : previous studies on nonagenarians have widely investigated functional and cognitive decline , falls , predictors of mortality , inflammation and aging genetics.
further , @number@ participants accepted to undergo blood withdrawal.
results : in @number@ cases the visit was conducted in nursing homes.
among the @number@ home-living participants , @number@ lived alone and @number@ were not looked after by any caregiver.
altogether , @number@ participants over @number@ were free from disabilities and @number@ showed mini mental state examination raw scores ≥ @number@
men showed less disability and cognitive impairment ( p < 0.001 , for both ) .
conclusions : as a whole , our findings are comparable to those reported in other surveys.
however the specific gene expression patterns elicited by rorβ are unknown.
using microarray analysis , we identified @number@ genes regulated by rorβ in an mc3t3-e1 mouse osteoblast cell model ( mc3t3-rorβ-gfp ) .
pathway analysis revealed alterations in genes involved in mapk signaling , genes involved in extracellular matrix ( ecm ) regulation , and cytokine-receptor interactions.
collectively , these data demonstrate that rorβ regulates known osteogenic pathways , and may represent a novel therapeutic target for age-associated bone loss.
anti-aging chinese medicines have been used in traditional beverages to promote health and prevent diseases.
interestingly , these functional beverages may be used differently between men and women , reflecting the \ "yin-yang \ " philosophy of chinese medicine.
recent studies have uncovered important aging clues , including free radicals , inflammation , telomeres , and life span pathways.
strategies to regulate aging-associated signaling pathways are expected to be effective in the delay and prevention of age-related disorders.
for example , herbal polysaccharides with considerable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation capacities have been shown to be beneficial in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
here we present the current status of polysaccharides in anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative studies.
charls recruited a nationally representative community sample of households with members aged @number@ years or above.
a subsample of @number@ respondents aged @number@ years and older were used for this study.
confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three competing models and determine the best-fit model for the elderly chinese sample.
factorial invariance across gender was also examined.
r2 coefficient was used to measure the reliability of each item.
results : confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model as having the best fit.
depressive affect and somatic symptoms were the first factor while positive affect was loaded as the second factor.
moreover , gender differences were indicated by individual item reliability scores , mean score , and prevalence rate of depressive symptoms.
conclusion : the ces-d @number@ scale indicated adequate reliability and validity for the community-dwelling older population in china.
in addition , the data revealed that perception and expression of depressive feelings was different between male and female elderly people.
objective : cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older age.
less is known about the burden of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis and cognition , especially in midlife.
we examined the association of coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcified plaque ( cac and aac , respectively ) with cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults.
cac and aac were measured with non-contrast computed tomography.
conclusions : in this community-based sample , greater subclinical atherosclerotic calcification was associated with worse psychomotor speed and memory in midlife.
these findings underscore the importance of a life course approach to the study of cognitive impairment with aging.
background : rhinitis is one of the most frequent medical conditions.
however , there is sparse epidemiologic evidence for rhinitis in the elderly population.
objective : to investigate the prevalence of rhinitis in elderly adults and its relations to asthma and other comorbidities.
structured questionnaires were used to define rhinitis , asthma , and comorbidity , and allergen skin prick tests were used to define atopy.
health-related quality of life was assessed by short-form @number@ questionnaires.
results : in total , @number@ elderly adults ( @percent@ ) were included in the present study.
the prevalence of rhinitis was @percent@ and did not decrease until @number@ years of age.
the prevalence of atopy was @percent@ ( @percent@ in participants with rhinitis ) , and atopy did not show a significant association with rhinitis.
in multivariate logistic regression analyses , relations between asthma and rhinitis were significant.
among comorbid conditions , none were significantly associated with rhinitis.
in the short-form @number@ questionnaire analyses , rhinitis was independently related to a decrease in the physical aspects of quality of life.
objective : to examine the effects of a greens alkalizing dietary supplement on urinary ph levels in individuals with lower-than-average ph levels.
paired samples t-tests were used to examine ph levels before and after a four-day treatment period with reserveage wholeganic greens ( tm ) .
significance : chronic exposure to environmental ultraviolet radiation ( uvr ) plays a key role in both photocarcinogenesis and induction of accelerated skin aging.
recently , both age-related protein glycation and relative amino-acid composition have been identified as potential risk factors for photo-ionization and / or photo-sensitization.
here , we propose a selective multi-hit model of photoaging.
the klotho gene was identified as an ' aging suppressor ' in mice.
overexpression of the klotho gene extends lifespan and defective klotho results in rapid aging and early death.
moreover , klotho protects against several pathogenic processes in a fgf23-independent manner.
these processes include cancer metastasis , vascular calcification , and renal fibrosis.
this review covers the recent advances in klotho research and discusses novel klotho-dependent mechanisms that are clinically relevant in aging and age-related diseases.
dc patients also have a poor tolerance to chemo / radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
although critically shortened telomeres and defective telomere maintenance contribute to dc pathology , other mechanisms likely exist.
we investigate the link between telomere dysfunction and oxidative and dna damage response pathways and assess the effects of antioxidants.
in vitro studies employed t lymphocytes from dc subjects with a hterc mutation and age-matched controls.
cells were treated with cytotoxic agents , including paclitaxel , etoposide , or ionizing radiation.
n-acetyl-cysteine ( nac ) , an antioxidant , was used to modulate cell growth and ros.
nac partially ameliorated the growth disadvantage of dc cells and decreased radiation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress.
results : controls ( n = @number@ ) were compared with @number@ opiate dependent men.
of the opiate dependent group , @percent@ were treated with buprenorphine , @percent@ with methadone , and @percent@ with naltrexone.
multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for chronologic age ( ca ) .
after multivariate adjustment , the opiate dose duration was independently predictive of ra ( p < @number@ ) .
opiate dose and / or duration were included in a further @number@ terms.
these findings imply accelerated organismal aging.
measurements : serum levels of @number@ hydroxyvitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) , sun index , and skin phototypes were evaluated.
mean serum 25 ( oh ) d was @number@ ± @time@ standard deviation ( sd ) ng / ml.
after adjustment , sun index and body mass index were associated positively and negatively , respectively with serum 25 ( oh ) d independently.
most subjects ( @percent@ ) had fitzpatrick's skin phototypes iv , v , and vi.
low calcium intake was observed in @percent@.
there was no difference in serum 25 ( oh ) d levels between patients with low intake and those with intermediate and high intakes.
only @percent@ were taking a vitamin supplement.
conclusion : we found a high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among elderly men despite their high sun exposure during the summer months.
purpose : to assess the benefits of cochlear implantation in the elderly.
patients and methods : a retrospective analysis of @number@ postlingually deafened elderly ( ≥60 years of age ) with unilateral cochlear implants was conducted.
audiological testing included preoperative and postoperative pure-tone audiometry and a monosyllabic word recognition test presented from recorded material in free field.
everyday life benefits from cochlear implantation were also evaluated.
results : the mean age at the time of cochlear implantation was @number@ years old.
the mean postimplantation follow-up time was @number@ years.
all patients significantly improved their audiological and speech understanding performances.
the preoperative mean pure-tone average threshold for @number@ hz , @number@ hz , @number@ hz , and @number@ hz was @number@ db hl.
before cochlear implantation , all patients scored @percent@ on the monosyllabic word recognition test in free field at @number@ db spl intensity level.
the postoperative pure-tone average was @number@ db hl ( the best mean threshold was @time@ hl , the worst was @number@ db hl ) .
after the surgery , mean monosyllabic word recognition reached @percent@.
speech perception tests showed statistically significant improvement in speech recognition.
asthma is a disease of all ages.
this assumption has been challenged in the past , because of several cultural and scientific biases.
in fact , age has always represented an exclusion criterion for eligibility to clinical trials.
furthermore , leukotriene modifiers provide additional benefit when added to regular maintenance therapy , not differently from young asthmatics.
objectives : studies demonstrate associations between changes in obesity-related phenotypes and cardiovascular risk.
methods : a birth cohort of @number@ adults , with data at birth , age @number@ and @number@ years was used.
the association between mppbmi and offspring δbmi was slightly attenuated ( @percent@ ) with the addition of genetic scores.
in the gwg model , a significant substantial @percent@ decrease in the coefficient was observed.
conclusions : this study points to an association between maternal excess weight in pregnancy and offspring bmi change from adolescence to adulthood.
genetic factors may account , in part , for gwg / δbmi association.
these findings broaden observations that maternal obesity-related phenotypes have long-term consequences for offspring health.
the study of t cell biology has been accelerated by substantial progress at the technological level , particularly through the continuing advancement of flow cytometry.
objective : to evaluate the association between self-reported daily sitting time and the incidence of type @number@ diabetes in a cohort of postmenopausal women.
methods : women ( n = 88 , 829 ) without diagnosed diabetes reported the number of hours spent sitting over a typical day.
incident cases of diabetes were identified annually by self-reported initiation of using oral medications or insulin for diabetes > @number@ years follow-up.
however , sitting time was only positively associated with incident diabetes in obese women.
time performing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity did not modify these associations.
conclusions : time spent sitting was independently associated with increased risk of diabetes diagnosis among obese women-a population already at high risk of the disease.
type @number@ diabetes mellitus is very prevalent among persons aged 60-80 years old.
these characteristics have a significant impact on diabetes and treatment among the elderly , much as diabetes predisposes to these conditions.
hypoglycemia and it's consequences are important considerations when planning the treatment of diabetes.
treatment options in light of new goals and the danger of hypoglycemia will be detailed.
the precise mechanisms of antioxidant-mediated longevity are poorly understood.
the differences in the mechanisms of foxo activation by antioxidants and oxidants result in differences in foxo phosphorylation and target gene expression.
the reasons for this are uncertain.
following peripheral exposure , many prions replicate within the lymphoid tissues before infecting the central nervous system.
we have shown that the effects of host age on the microarchitecture of the spleen significantly impair susceptibility to mouse-adapted prions after peripheral exposure.
thus , cross-species prion transmission may be much less efficient in aged individuals.
we showed that prion pathogenesis was impaired dramatically in aged mice when compared with young animals.
whereas most young mice succumbed to clinical prion disease , all aged mice failed to develop clinical disease during their lifespans.
a qualitative study was undertaken to aid in the development of a tailored intervention for these patients.
transcripts of interviews were analyzed using a coding format with two areas of emphasis.
conclusion : the contribution of these findings to the selection of intervention strategies is discussed.
in secondary analyses , we stratified participants by age-decade and tested for linear trend across age groups.
results : the reference group comprised @number@ adults ( 423f ; @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
men had greater lv volumes and mass , before and after indexation to common measures of body size ( all p = @number@ ) .
women had greater ef ( @number@ ± @number@ versus @number@ ± @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
lv volumes decreased with greater age in both sexes , even after indexation.
indexed lv mass did not vary with age.
lv ef and concentricity increased with greater age in both sexes.
conclusion : we present cmr-derived lv reference values.
there are significant age and sex differences in lv volumes , ef , and geometry , whereas mass differs between sexes but not age groups.
shp2 is a widely expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase required for signal transduction from multiple cell surface receptors.
after deleting shp2 , spermatogenesis was halted at the initial step during which transit-amplifying undifferentiated spermatogonia are produced from sscs.
in cultures of sscs and their progeny , inhibition of shp2 activity reduced growth factor-mediated intracellular signaling that regulates ssc proliferation and cell fate.
inhibition of shp2 also decreased the number of sscs present in culture and caused sscs to detach from supporting cells.
injection of mice with an shp2 inhibitor blocked the production of germ cells from sscs.
this study explores how moral reasoning is expressed in matching health care with the problems older persons experience in their everyday life.
narrative data were collected from older persons who had applied for home modification services and from professionals involved in these services in sweden.
moral reasoning was found to be guided by ideologies related to the historical and cultural context of the swedish welfare state.
different interpretations of how these values should be expressed in specific situations led to different conclusions about what should be done.
background : the euroqol-5d ( eq-5d ) is a brief , multi-attribute , preference-based health status measurement.
the objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of eq-5d in older adults with and without dementia in mexico city.
an in-home face-to-face interview was administered.
the validity and reliability of eq-5d were tested.
results : the eq-5d was applied to @number@ older people , of whom @number@ ( @percent@ ) had dementia.
the general reliability of eq-5d for cases was @number@ and for controls @number@ for each dimension.
we had a total of @number@ combinations for controls and @number@ for cases.
conclusion : the resulting valuations form the basis for clinical use and facilitate the interpretation and evaluation of health care.
to understand why vulnerable women defend more privileged citizens of the nation , i address mexicana subjectivity.
workers ' feelings of shame , complicity , and empathy help explain a defense of the other.
a significant form of defense is informal sector family-based care.
this article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between @number@ and @number@
unique features of the anconeus may permit munes at high muscle activation levels.
background : new chemotherapy drugs should be investigated to improve survival of patients with advanced bladder cancer.
here , we report the synthesis and evaluation of ag11 , a new flavanone derivative obtained through cyclization of its chalcone precursor cb11.
finally , the effect of ag11 on tubulin polymerization in vitro and microtubule distribution across the cells was investigated.
ag11 prevented polymerization of purified tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro and disrupted mitotic spindle formation in cells.
conclusion : ag11 appears to be an attractive scaffold for further development of a structurally simpler new anti-microtubule agents.
physical activity plays an important role in preventing chronic disease in adults and the elderly.
exercise has beneficial effects on the nervous system , including at the neuromuscular junction ( nmj ) .
exercise causes hypertrophy of nmjs and improves recovery from peripheral nerve injuries , whereas decreased physical activity causes degenerative changes in nmjs.
recent studies have begun to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise.
background : progeria is a rare fatal genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children.
it has an incidence of @number@ in @number@ million and results from a mutation of the lmna gene causing nuclear instability.
clinical diagnosis is based on recognition of common clinical features and definitive diagnosis is by identifying the mutation in the lmna gene.
affected children usually have a median life span of @number@ years.
there is no known cure but research is ongoing.
currently about @number@ children have had a definitive diagnosis worldwide with the exclusion of nigeria.
there was however a case report of @number@ siblings in the university of benin teaching hospital , benin city , nigeria in @number@
objective : to present a rare case of suspected progeria in nigeria.
case report : we report the case of baby iv , a 4-year old girl who presented with clinical and radiologic features consistent with progeria.
conclusion : clinical and radiologic evidence give a high suspicion of progeria in the index patient.
efforts are ongoing to ensure a definitive diagnosis is made ; which will be the first diagnosed case of progeria in nigeria.
level of social engagement was significantly associated with memory , mental status , and self-reported health.
level of social engagement was not associated with patterns of decline across time in cognitive or physical health.
higher levels of social engagement are associated with better physical and cognitive functioning in american indian and alaska native elders.
these four elements served as the foundation of the model of successful aging.
methods : seventy-seven adults aged @number@ years and older were included in the multiple linear regression analyses.
pain severity mean and variability were measured over @number@ days of daily self-reported pain levels.
pain variability was measured by examining intra-individual standard deviations of daily pain scores.
daily mean pain and health were also found to be predictors of pain variability.
discussion : pain variability is an important characteristic that is not given enough emphasis in current literature.
motor function in humans can be characterized with tests of locomotion , strength , balance , and endurance.
the aim of our project was to establish an analogous test battery to assess motor function in mice.
tests assessed locomotion , strength , balance / coordination , and endurance capacity in mice.
motor function was reduced in the older groups of mice for the locomotion , strength , and endurance subdomains ( p < @number@ ) .
changes in satellite cell content play a key role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy.
yet , there is little information on changes in satellite cell content from birth to old age in humans.
the present study defines muscle fiber type-specific satellite cell content in human skeletal muscle tissue over the entire lifespan.
immunohistochemistry was applied to assess skeletal muscle fiber type-specific composition , size , and satellite cell content.
this was accompanied by an age-related reduction in type ii muscle fiber satellite cell content ( r = −0.57 ; p < @number@ ) .
twelve weeks of resistance-type exercise training significantly increased type ii muscle fiber size and satellite cell content.
we conclude that type ii muscle fiber atrophy with aging is accompanied by a specific decline in type ii muscle fiber satellite cell content.
resistance-type exercise training represents an effective strategy to increase satellite cell content and reverse type ii muscle fiber atrophy.
mitochondria organize themselves as dynamic populations within a cell , by undergoing continuous cycles of fission and fusion.
the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion can be studied in terms of antagonistic subpopulations that regulate the mitochondrial responses in space and time.
the dynamic nature of these processes motivates mathematical modelling and the simulation of such complex process.
in several neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases the dynamic balance of fission and fusion is disturbed.
however , how this dynamics plays a role in the progression of diseases is largely unclear.
after @number@ year of follow-up , @number@ of @number@ patients met the criteria for probable dlb.
a receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis was performed.
conclusion : ( @number@ ) i-mibg myocardial scintigraphy is a good predictor of the future conversion of possible dlb to probable dlb.
objective : to determine whether oral quinacrine increases survival in sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( scjd ) .
subjects returning for their month-2 visit were offered open-label quinacrine.
the primary outcome was survival from randomization to month @number@
importantly , this study shows that double-blinded , placebo-controlled , randomized treatment trials are possible in prion disease.
furthermore , the quantitative data collected on the course of scjd will be useful for future trials.
automatic system-transmitted events by hm and related clinical information were recorded and consulted by well-trained physicians.
conventional and unconventional follow-up initialed by hm results were analyzed.
results : forty patients ( @number@ % ) transmitted abnormal events via the hm system.
twenty-one of these were cardiac events.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) was the most common transmitted clinical event.
af was detected an average of @number@ ± @time@ earlier in hm patients than on routine clinical visits alone.
a total of @number@ patients reported @number@ events related to abnormal device parameters.
a total of seven patients reported silent events and totally eight patients were required to make an unscheduled clinical visit.
eighteen patients ( @number@ % ) transmitted no warning event and accepted no parameter adjustment during observation.
methods : mid-thigh muscle size and composition were assessed using computed tomography.
neuromuscular activation was quantified using surface electromyography and vastus lateralis single muscle fibers were studied to evaluate intrinsic muscle contractile properties.
neuromuscular activation declined significantly within healthy older , but not in mobility-limited participants.
conclusion : different physiological mechanisms contribute to the loss of lower extremity muscle power in healthy older and mobility-limited older adults.
neuromuscular changes may be the critical early determinant of muscle power deficits with aging.
though heart rate differences were found among age categories and difficulty levels , none were found between participants with adhd and controls.
because adhd differences were not evident , the effects either were not present or were smaller than that of difficulty level and age.
possible explanations for this lack of difference and future directions are discussed.
ginseng , the root of panax ginseng , has been used in traditional chinese medicine as a tonic herb that provides many beneficial effects.
pharmacologic studies in the last decades have shown that ginsenosides ( ginseng saponins ) are primarily responsible for the actions of ginseng.
however , the effects of ginseng are not fully explained by ginsenosides.
recently , another class of active ingredients called gintonin was identified.
gintonin is a complex of glycosylated ginseng proteins containing lysophosphatidic acids ( lpas ) that are the intracellular lipid mitogenic mediator.
gintonin specifically and potently activates the g protein-coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) for lpa.
thus , the actions of ginseng are now also linked to lpa and its gpcrs.
this linkage opens new dimensions for ginseng pharmacology and lpa therapeutics.
in the present review , we evaluate the pharmacology of ginseng with the traditional viewpoint of yin and yang components.
furthermore , we will compare ginsenoside and gintonin based on the modern view of molecular pharmacology in terms of ion channels and gpcrs.
the aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of mlck and rock to carbachol-induced contraction of human detrusor smooth muscle in vitro.
methods : detrusor smooth muscle strips were prepared from the macroscopically unaffected bladder wall of patients underwent cystectomy.
the strips were fixed in an organ bath , and carbachol or kcl-induced isometric contractions were measured by force transducers.
moreover , mlck and rock inhibition were equally effective in reducing carbachol-induced contractions.
interestingly , rock-mediated carbachol-induced contractions were positively correlated to the age of patients ( r = o.52 , p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : both mlck and rock contribute to carbachol-induced contractions of human detrusor smooth muscle.
rock inhibitors may be a new pharmacological approach to modulate human bladder hyperactivity.
this \ "ca2 + overload \ " hypothesis has been questioned by our theoretical analyses.
also , treating young cells with the energy inhibitor rotenone or with h2o2 recapitulated the ca2 + overstay and calpain inactivation found in old cells.
moreover , ca2 + levels and calpain activity were dramatically raised in the dying cells killed by detergent.
finally , ca2 + oscillations induced by low dose of bradykinin in old cells exhibited lower spike frequency , but higher overall levels.
seventeen patients with mild ad and @number@ healthy age-matched controls took part in the study.
a group of @number@ young healthy observers was included as it has been reported that normal aging affects eye movements.
they were asked to saccade to the scene containing an animal.
neither pathology nor age affected temporal ( saccade latencies and durations ) and spatial ( saccade amplitude ) parameters of eye movements.
patients with ad were significantly less accurate than age-matched controls , and older participants were less accurate than young observers.
the results are interpreted in terms of noisier sensory information and increased uncertainty in relation to deficits in the magnocellular pathway.
the results suggest that , even at a mild stage of the pathology , people exhibit difficulties in selecting relevant objects.
cerebral microinfarcts ( cmis ) are a common finding in neuropathological studies of aging and dementia.
recently , it has become possible to detect cmis in vivo.
we studied cmi occurrence in @number@ patients with mild cognitive impairment or early alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and @number@ non-demented individuals on 7tesla mri.
cmi occurrence in patients ( @percent@ ) and controls ( @percent@ ) was not significantly different.
in patients , cmi number tended to be related to microbleed number ( p = @number@ ) .
this first in vivo study of cmis in early ad does not confirm findings from autopsy studies.
further studies are needed to clarify the role of cmis in ad.
objectives : this study used a qualitative approach to explore the perspectives of adults with hearing impairment on hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation.
two superordinate themes , age and brain , emerged from prior analyses and are investigated in the present article.
design : in-depth semistructured interviews were completed in four countries with @number@ adults ( aged @number@ to @number@ years ) with hearing impairment.
participants were asked to \ "tell the story of your hearing. \ "
participants included individuals with different levels of experiences in hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation.
the themes of age and brain emerged from the data based on qualitative content analysis.
results : age was discussed by @percent@ of the @number@ participants.
the data were sorted into three themes : expectations , self-image , and ways of coping.
brain was discussed by @percent@ of the participants.
the data were sorted into three themes : cognitive operations , plasticity , and mental effort.
although hearing impairment associated with older age was typically construed as a stigma , not all perceptions of aging and hearing impairment were negative.
some expected hearing impairment with older age , thus they found it easier to accept wearing has than they may have at a younger age.
they discussed the brain in terms of the cognitive operations that may either inhibit or improve speech communication.
age and brain interconnected in a number of ways.
participants believed that older age led to cognitive decline , which resulted in decreased speech understanding.
participants also believed that the cognitive decline that accompanies older age may limit ha benefit.
background : aging adversely affects nitrogen accretion during health , but its effect during critical illness is unknown.
nitrogen balance ( nb ) response to varying protein intakes was compared between critically ill , older and younger patients.
patients with renal or hepatic disease were excluded.
patients were categorized as older ( ≥60 years ) or younger ( 18-59 years of age ) .
data are given as mean ± sd or median [ interquartile range ] .
conclusions : improvement in nitrogen accretion was blunted at lower protein intakes in critically ill , older patients compared with younger patients.
individualization of protein intake is warranted.
tg-arcswe mice express variants of aβ , accumulating senile plaques at 4-6 months of age , and develop ad-like neuropathology as adult animals.
furthermore , polβ transcriptional expression was significantly lower in transgenic @number@ months old mice than in wt.
transcriptional profiling also showed that ber repair capacity vary during the lifespan in tg-arcswe and wt mice.
the ber expression pattern in tg-arcswe mice thus reflects responses to oxidative stress in vulnerable brain structures.
the role of oxidative stress as a remarkable upstream part is frequently reported in the signaling cascade of inflammation as well as chemo attractant production.
the initiation and progression of alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a complex process not yet fully understood.
while many hypotheses have been provided as to the cause of the disease , the exact mechanisms remain elusive and difficult to verify.
accordingly , circadian arrhythmia profoundly affects stem cell function in culture and in vivo.
graph theory provides a powerful method to quantitatively describe the topological organisation of brain connectivity.
with such a framework , the brain can be depicted as a set of nodes connected by edges.
these assessments have improved understanding of the clinical manifestations noted in these patients , including disability and cognitive impairment.
future network-based research might enable indentification of different stages of disorders , subtypes for cognitive impairment , and connectivity profiles associated with different clinical outcomes.
background : the challenge of immune senescence has never been addressed in elderly cancer patients.
this study compares the thymic output and peripheral blood telomere length in ≥70year old cancer patients.
patients and methods : fifty-two elderly cancer patients and @number@ age-matched controls without personal history of cancer were enrolled.
all patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) , from which a multidimensional prognostic index ( mpi ) score was calculated.
t-cell receptor rearrangement excision circle ( trec ) levels , telomere length and telomerase activity in peripheral blood cells were quantified by real-time pcr.
neither unfitness on cga nor mpi score were significantly related to thymic output or telomere length in either group.
conclusions : immune senescence is significantly worse in elderly cancer patients than in age-matched controls.
in modern times it is therefore often used to treat diabetes , pre-diabetes , fatigue and people with metabolic syndrome.
materials and methods : symptoms , clinical parameters and serum metabolites were measured before and after @number@ and @number@ weeks of r6 treatment.
nonlinear principal component analysis was applied for the first time to conduct an integrated analysis of the three data sets.
correlation structures were compared before treatment and after @number@ and @number@ weeks of treatment.
additionally , a state space grid approach was used to study personalized changes in symptom profiles.
results : the symptoms ' hectic fever ' and ' spontaneous sweating ' were found to be most relieved during r6 treatment.
most of the symptoms were less correlated with other variables after @number@ weeks of r6 treatment.
ldl-c , total cholesterol , systolic blood pressure and waist size were found to decrease during r6 treatment.
additionally , @number@ of the @number@ measured phosphatidylcholines were found to decrease.
personalized symptom profiles as described by chinese medical terms show that most yin deficiencies are addressed first by r6 treatment.
conclusions : r6 treatment was shown to improve the lipid profile indicating a reduction of cardiovascular risk.
additionally , the changes observed in correlation structure indicate a different angle of looking at treatment effects.
less strong correlations between symptoms and metabolites suggest a healthier situation after r6 treatment.
a state space grid analysis showed that the effect of r6 was different for the yin deficiency subjects and the qi deficiency subjects.
the observed decrease of yin deficiency related symptoms is in agreement with the use of r6 in chinese medicine to nourish yin.
observing individual differences in treatment effects is therefore an essential step in the development of personalized medicine.
fasting plasma glucose and insulin were obtained to calculate quicki as an index of insulin sensitivity.
cut-offs were determined using receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve analyses.
prospective studies are needed to validate our result.
objective : diabetes among older adults causes many complications , including decreased lower-extremity function and physical disability.
diabetes can cause peripheral nerve dysfunction , which might be one pathway through which diabetes leads to decreased physical function.
research design and methods : this study included @number@ participants , age @number@ years and older from the inchianti study.
diabetes was diagnosed by clinical guidelines.
pnf was assessed via standard surface electroneurographic study of right peroneal nerve conduction velocity , vibration and touch sensitivity.
clinical cutpoints of pnf tests were used to create a neuropathy score from @number@ to @number@ ( higher values , greater neuropathy ) .
multiple linear regression models were used to test associations.
results and conclusion : one hundred twenty-six ( @percent@ ) participants had diabetes.
adjusting for nerve conduction velocity and neuropathy score decreased the effect of diabetes on sppb by @percent@ , suggesting partial mediation through decreased pnf.
language acquisition has long been discussed as an interaction between biological preconditions and environmental input.
the current study investigated the developmental trajectory of infants ' sensitivity to these two situational input cues in word recognition.
testing infants at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months of age , we hypothesized that different age groups are differentially sensitive to accentuation and repetition.
these developmental changes are suggested to result from infants ' advancing linguistic experience and parallel auditory cortex maturation.
our data indicate very narrow and specific input-sensitive periods in infant word recognition , with accentuation being effective prior to repetition.
global cognitive function was evaluated with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
cognitive impairment was defined as a mmse < @number@
lv mass was no longer associated with cognition in multiple regression.
lumbar spine bmd did not change from baseline to year @number@
then @number@ specimens of dentin-resin composite were fabricated in each group.
fractured specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) .
failure types were almost adhesive and mixed types.
collagens in hybrid layer were less degraded in the groups using e-64 after aging treatment than control group.
conclusions : e-64 was effective on inhibiting cathepsins activity in dentin , and induced less collagens degradation in smear layer for better dentin-resin bond durability.
epigenetics is the emergence of a new branch of genetics.
background : bariatric surgery is associated with improved cognition , and it is possible that such improvements are found at extended follow-ups.
we hypothesized that cognitive improvement would be maintained @number@ years after bariatric surgery.
methods : fifty bariatric patients were recruited from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery parent project.
improvements in executive function reached their peak at @number@ months after surgery.
short-term improvements in memory were maintained at @number@ months.
no main effect emerged for language.
conclusions : bariatric surgery may lead to lasting improvements in cognition.
prospective studies with extended follow-ups ( eg , @number@ years ) should examine whether bariatric surgery can attenuate cognitive decline in severely obese patients.
we evaluated the reliability and validity of a self-rated analogue scale of global sa in an elderly singaporean population.
design : cross-sectional data analysis using a comprehensive questionnaire survey.
participants and setting : @number@ community-dwelling singaporeans aged @number@ years and over.
the five dimension-specific measures together accounted for @percent@ of the variance in self-rated sa.
we investigated behavioral and neural markers of emotion regulation in community-dwelling older adults , contrasting s allele carriers and long allele homozygotes.
results : there were no differences between genetic groups in behavioral task performance or neural activation in postincongruent versus postcongruent trials.
conclusion : this is the first demonstration of an association between serotonin transporter polymorphism and functional connectivity in older adults.
objectives : to investigate the psychometric properties of the executive interview ( exit ) and quick exit in community dwelling older adults.
design : secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive function in late-life depression.
setting : a university hospital.
measurements : the exit and other measures of executive control functions ( ecf ) , non-executive cognitive domains , and global cognitive function.
we calculated quick exit scores from the exit.
both tests , however , demonstrated inconsistent discriminant validity against a variety of standard non-ecf tests ( rs @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusions : both the exit and the quick exit have adequate reliability and appear to require ecf in this population.
however , both the exit and the quick exit also reflect non-ecf domains.
the exit and quick exit should be considered to be measures of global cognitive function rather than pure ecf measures.
given similar reliability and validity , the quick exit is recommended clinically as it is briefer and less burdensome than the full exit.
dynamic imbalance caused by external perturbations to gait can successfully be counteracted by adequate recovery responses.
the current study investigated how the recovery response is moderated by age , walking speed , muscle strength and speed of information processing.
recovery responses were identified using 2d cameras.
muscular factors ( dynamometer ) and speed of information processing parameters ( computer-based reaction time task ) were determined.
the stronger , faster reacting and faster walking young subjects recovered more often by an elevating strategy than elderly subjects.
insight into remaining modifying factors is needed to assist and optimise fall prevention programmes.
recent studies have shown that impairment in executive function ( ef ) is common in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) .
however , the neuroanatomic basis of executive impairment in patients with amci remains unclear.
atrophic brain areas related to decreases in the three ef components in patients with amci were located in the frontal and temporal cortices.
within the frontal cortex , the brain region related to response inhibition was identified in the right inferior frontal gyrus.
atrophy in the right inferior frontal gyrus was most closely associated with a decrease in all three ef components in patients with amci.
to assist investigators in making design choices , we modeled alzheimer's disease prevention clinical trials.
we examined how enrichment strategies affected each component of the model.
enriching for subjective memory complaints reduced sample sizes and numbers needed to enroll more than age enrichment , but increased the number needed to screen.
at the neurophysiological level , the prefrontal cortex may engage electrophysiological oscillatory synchronization to coordinate other brain systems during learning.
in young adults , theta-band ( 4-8 hz ) oscillatory power over medial frontal and anterior frontal cortex predicted learning after errors.
older adults demonstrated a decrease in the theta-band learning-predictive signals over medial frontal but not anterior frontal cortex.
in cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients , microbleeds often cluster , mostly occipital , and are associated with apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype.
microbleeds also frequently occur in the asymptomatic , general population.
in this population , we investigated spatial distribution of microbleeds and whether this is influenced by apoe genotype.
in @number@ persons with microbleeds , we labeled microbleeds on baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance images.
we calculated distance between incident and prevalent microbleeds within and between persons and performed lobar segmentation on the magnetic resonance images.
subsequently , we investigated proximity and lobar distribution in strata of apoe genotype.
microbleeds occurred closer within persons than between persons ( @number@ mm , @percent@ confidence interval , @number@ to @number@ p < @number@ ) .
persons with ε2 and ε4 alleles had a larger proportion of microbleeds in the occipital lobe than persons with ε3ε3 genotype.
similar to cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients , microbleeds in the general population cluster and the distribution is affected by apoe genotype.
homozygous mutations in exon @number@ of trem2 , a gene involved in nasu-hakola disease , can cause frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) .
meta-analysis including @number@ previously screened ad cohorts confirmed the association of p.r47h with ad ( p = @number@.93×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
most studies on the prevalence of supplement use in the united states were cross-sectional or evaluated trends in limited variety of supplements.
in @number@ @number@ women aged @number@ to @number@ years in the nhs and @number@ men aged @number@ to @number@ years in the hpfs were included.
use of dietary supplements including multivitamins , vitamins , and minerals was repeatedly asked every @number@ years.
generalized estimating equation models were used for repeated analysis.
a secular increase in use of multivitamins , vitamin d , folic acid , and fish oil across same age group was noted.
in conclusion , the use of many types of dietary supplements has increased over time , but the use of antioxidant supplements has declined.
these findings in health professionals need to be replicated in the general populations.
the success of prosthetic surgery has led to an increase in the percentage of the population having more than one prosthetic implant.
more precisely , the femoral shaft is compressed between two ipsilateral implants with most of these fractures being located on the supracondylar femoral shaft.
their treatment is not only technically demanding and challenging , but can also be associated with serious complications.
background : the demand for health professionals continues to increase , partially due to the aging population and the high proportion of practitioners nearing retirement.
methods : the program was developed using a logic model and evaluated using program evaluation methodology.
an examination bank was created and used to include test-enhanced education.
clinical mentors were recruited and trained to provide clinical and cultural support for participants.
in @number@ @percent@ of all iep candidates who completed the ubc program passed the written component , and @percent@ passed the clinical component.
conclusion : the program has proven to be successful and sustainable.
this program model could be replicated to support the successful integration of other international health professionals into the workforce.
objective : the aim of this study is to investigate the presenting profile of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) at various ages.
methods : we performed a cross-sectional study of cts , analysing the correlation between severity and age.
it remained at almost @percent@ in people aged over @number@ years ( @percent@ ) .
more than @percent@ of people younger than @number@ years had mild cts.
severe cts progressively increased , reaching more than @percent@ of the cts diagnoses in people over @number@ years.
of the total number of cases , @percent@ of subjects had bilateral cts.
conclusion : there was a clear trend of deterioration with advancing years when comparing severity to age.
significance : cts seems to be a chronic condition whose signs and symptoms may vary and progress , becoming worse over time.
male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone , normal amounts of sperm , or both.
hypogonadism may arise from testicular disease ( primary hypogonadism ) or dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit ( secondary hypogonadism ) .
several testosterone-replacement therapies are approved for treatment and should be selected according to the patient's preference , cost , availability , and formulation-specific properties.
contraindications to testosterone-replacement therapy include prostate and breast cancers , uncontrolled congestive heart failure , severe lower-urinary-tract symptoms , and erythrocytosis.
treatment should be monitored for benefits and adverse effects.
fat quantification is often based on computed tomography ( ct ) because fat density is distinct from other tissue densities in the abdomen.
however , the presence of intestinal food residues with densities similar to fat may reduce fat quantification accuracy.
we introduce an abdominal fat quantification method in ct with interest in food residue removal.
materials and methods : total fat was identified in the feature space of hounsfield units and divided into subcutaneous and visceral components using model-based segmentation.
regions of food residues were identified and removed from visceral fat using a machine learning method integrating intensity , texture , and spatial information.
cost-weighting and bagging techniques were investigated to address class imbalance.
results : we validated our automated food residue removal technique against semimanual quantifications.
our feature selection experiments indicated that joint intensity and texture features produce the highest classification accuracy at @percent@.
we explored generalization capability using k-fold cross-validation and receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis with variable k.
losses in accuracy and area under roc curve between maximum and minimum k were limited to @percent@ and @percent@.
we validated tissue segmentation against reference semimanual delineations.
the dice similarity scores were as high as @number@ for subcutaneous fat and @number@ for visceral fat.
conclusions : computer-aided regional abdominal fat quantification is a reliable computational tool for large-scale epidemiological studies.
our proposed intestinal food residue reduction scheme is an original contribution of this work.
validation experiments indicate very good accuracy and generalization capability.
we therefore sought to describe the healthcare experiences and perceptions of retired u.s. citizens currently living in mexico and panama.
detailed semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore experiences with , attitudes toward , and costs of healthcare.
interviews were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods.
results : respondents averaged 68-70 years old , were well educated , had few physical dependencies , and had moderate incomes.
numerous concerns about health insurance were expressed , including the unavailability of medicare and reductions in tricare.
payment concerns and lack of data on local health providers made deciding where to obtain services challenging.
conclusions : retirees living abroad report dilemmas regarding healthcare choices , insurance availability , and quality of care.
as this population segment grows , pressure will increase for policy and business solutions to existing medical care challenges.
objectives : large tooth substance losses are frequent in posterior teeth because of primary caries or aging restorations.
inlays and onlays are often the minimal invasive solution in such cases , but the efficacy of the composite and ceramic materials used is unknown.
we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of composite and ceramic inlays or onlays.
outcomes were clinical scores and major failures.
the 3-year overall failure risk ratio was @number@ [ @number@.38- @time@ ] in favor of ceramic inlays although not statistically significant.
the reported clinical scores ( united states public health services and californian dental association ) showed considerable heterogeneity between trials and could not be combined.
conclusions : we have very limited evidence that ceramics perform better than composite material for inlays in the short term.
however , this result may not be valid in the long term , and other trials are needed.
trials should follow fédération dentaire internationale recommendations and enhance their methodology.
trials comparing composite and ceramic onlays are needed.
poorly defined concepts can result in misunderstandings in the clinical setting and can hinder research through difficulties identifying or measuring the concept.
data were extracted using standardized extraction forms and analyzed using thematic analysis.
findings : this concept was discussed in three ways : as an intervention , in reference to everyday behaviors , and as an outcome.
five defining attributes were identified : multidimensional process , personal development , active individuals , symptom response , and symptom control.
patients ' perceived need and ability to manage pain with support from others is necessary for pain self-management to occur.
numerous physical , psychological , and social health consequences were identified.
a theoretical definition is discussed.
conclusions : our findings have clarified existing use and understanding regarding the concept of older adults ' persistent pain self-management.
telomerase contributes to cell proliferation and survival through both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent mechanisms.
symptoms of these changes can be observed starting between the ages of 40-50 years with a slow progression that increases after @number@ years of age.
methods : the study included @number@ randomly selected women.
the study group consisted of @number@ women between the ages of 60-90 years ( older women ) .
the control group ( younger women ) consisted of @number@ women between the ages of 20-25 years ( posture stabilization period ) .
the photogrammetric method was used to evaluate body posture using the phenomenon of the projection chamber.
the study was conducted according to generally accepted principles.
results : in the analysis of parameters characterizing individual slope curves , results were varied among different age groups.
body angle was shown to increase with age ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : changes in the parameters describing body posture throughout consecutive decades were observed.
moreover , exercises shaping lumbar lordosis should be performed to prevent its flattening.
the bodily decline that occurs with advancing age strongly impacts on the prospects for future health and life expectancy.
despite the profound role of age in disease etiology , knowledge about the molecular mechanisms driving the process of aging in humans is limited.
in an independent study of @number@ individuals , four of five modules consistently associated with chronological age , underpinning the robustness of the approach.
the hereby-detected age-associated and consistently coexpressed ppi modules therefore may provide a molecular basis for future research into mechanisms underlying human aging.
aim : to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gout and hyperuricemia in an elderly community cohort in beijing.
all participants were asked for a gout assessment questionnaire under the guidelines of the american college of rheumatology.
the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia were evaluated.
the potential risk factors for gout and hyperuricemia were analyzed by logistic regression.
results : in our blsa ii cohort , the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the prevalence of gout in the han population was significantly lower than that in hui population ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ ) .
family history was strongly associated with an increased risk of gout ( or @number@ 95%ci @date@ @number@ ) .
conclusion : our study showed that the prevalence of both gout and hyperuricemia in beijing remains substantial.
the prevalence in the hui population was higher than other ethnic groups.
the traditional risk factors were strong risk factors for gout and hyperuricemia in china.
in addition to cardiovascular disease , enhanced platelet activation has been detected in inflammatory disease and intestinal tumourigenesis.
moreover , the results of clinical studies have shown that the antiplatelet drug aspirin reduces the incidence of vascular events and colorectal cancer.
extensive translational medicine research is necessary to obtain a definitive mechanistic demonstration of the platelet-mediated hypothesis of colon tumourigenesis.
objective : an individual's ability to effectively manage their cancer pain is influenced by knowledge and perceptions regarding the pain experience.
design : a prospective cross-sectional study of older black and white patients presenting for outpatient cancer treatment.
a series of hierarchical regression models were specified to examine predictors of cancer pain knowledge and experience.
aim : to explore the usefulness of carotid ultrasound examination as a marker of aging and predictor of disability among older people.
in all , clinical routine laboratory parameters and lymphocyte telomere length as t / s ratio were measured.
among older adults , 12-min walk , timed up and go , hand grip and quadriceps strength were determined.
results : cimt was significantly higher among older people and t / s ratio was significantly higher in young women.
carotid plaques were found in one adult and @number@ older people.
conclusions : an abnormal 12-min walk as an indicator of functional decline among older people is associated with the presence of carotid artery plaques.
cimt is independently associated with age.
methods : pre- and post-ct scans of the pelvis in @number@ men aged 49-78 years receiving leuprorelin were examined.
the time between baseline and follow-up scans was @date@ weeks after the commencement of adt.
results : muscle attenuation of the rectus femoris muscle was significantly reduced following the initiation of adt by @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
in addition , there was a significant decrease ( p < @number@ ) in the csa for the sartorius , quadriceps and rectus femoris muscles.
there was no effect of zometa on muscle attenuation or muscle csa.
consequently , interventions to counteract deteriorations to both muscle mass and possibly muscle quality should be considered in men receiving adt.
results : the casd scores indicated that gps had a neutral attitude towards older people.
the cfaq1 scores indicated a low level of knowledge about ageing.
gps ' awareness of the mental and social facts of ageing was poorer compared to that of physical facts.
male gps had a significantly higher negative bias score than female gps.
no other variables had a statistically significant influence on knowledge and attitudes.
aim : baby boomers are depicted as a cohort who will redefine the ageing process and reject segregated homes for older people.
results : five groups were identified , each with explicit plans to avoid segregated housing by taking care of each other.
they believe segregated housing to be undesirable and unsustainable , and perceive a need for alternative solutions.
aims : c-peptide secretion is currently the only available clinical biomarker to measure residual β-cell function in type @number@ diabetes.
however , the natural history of c-peptide decline after diagnosis can vary considerably dependent upon several variables.
the influence of the age at onset on β-cell function was investigated in a longitudinal analysis at diagnosis and up to 5-years follow-up.
these data can inform the design of clinical trials using c-peptide values as an end-point for the effect of a given treatment.
melatonin ( ) is secreted during the dark hours at night by the pineal gland.
after entering the circulation , melatonin acts as an endocrine factor and a chemical messenger of light and darkness.
it regulates a variety of important central and peripheral actions related to circadian rhythms and reproduction.
melatonin also acts through non-receptor-mediated mechanisms , for example serving as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.
at both physiological and pharmacological concentrations , melatonin attenuates and counteracts oxidative stress and regulates cellular metabolism.
growing scientific evidence of reproductive physiology supports the role of melatonin in human reproduction.
this review was conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on female reproduction and to summarize our findings in this field.
background : it is commonly requested that perioral and lateral canthal rhytides , which result from extrinsic and intrinsic factors , be rejuvenated.
the investigator and a blinded evaluator assessed patients @number@ days after treatment and then every @number@ days after the initial treatment session for @number@ days.
three of the @number@ enrolled patients demonstrated granuloma formation.
vasohibin-2 ( vash2 ) is a homolog of vasohibin-1 and exhibits pro-angiogenic activity.
we recently reported that vash2 is expressed in certain ovarian cancers and promotes tumor growth through angiogenesis.
we inoculated mice s.c. with diss and skov-3 , two representative human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell lines.
when tumors were measurable , we initiated treatment with control or sivash2 mixed with atelocollagen , which enveloped the whole tumor.
treatment with sivash2 significantly inhibited s.c. tumor growth by abrogating tumor angiogenesis.
we confirmed that expression of vash2 mrna in the tumor was downregulated by sivash2 treatment.
based on these results , vash2 may be a promising molecular target for ovarian cancer treatment.
mice deficient in the klotho gene ( kl / kl mice ) display the phenotypes of human ageing.
background : the use of botulinum toxin has rapidly expanded into various aesthetic applications.
any guideline representing a consensus for aesthetic treatments using botulinum toxin type a ( bta ) in asians has not been published.
objectives : to provide consensus recommendations on common aesthetic problems which are treated by neurotoxin in asians.
results : the consensus recommendations address general questions regarding treatment and provide specific guidelines on each common aesthetic indication.
the recommended final concentration of bta was @number@ u / ml after reconstitution with physiologic saline.
for horizontal forehead lines , the members recommended nine injections in two rows into the frontalis with @number@ u / point.
for glabellar lines , the members recommended three injection points ( a total of @number@ u ) .
for crow's feet , the members recommended three injections per side ( @number@ u / side ) at the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi.
for nasal flare , one injection point in the middle of each ala nasi was recommended ( a total of @number@ u ) .
conclusion : this guideline provides a framework for physicians who wish to perform safe and efficacious injections of bta in asians.
design : population-based cross-sectional study.
setting : a rural community near qufu in shandong , china.
measurements : data were collected through interviews , clinical examinations , and psychological testing , following a standard procedure.
presence of high depressive symptoms was defined as a score of @number@ or greater on the 15-item geriatric depression scale.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were weekly and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were daily tea consumers.
conclusions : daily tea consumption is associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in chinese older people living in a rural community.
the association appears to be independent of cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
design : a retrospective cohort study.
setting : florida al facilities.
measurements : individual sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from florida's medicaid comprehensive assessment data.
results : the mean age of the study sample was @number@ ( range 65-102 ) ; @percent@ were female , and @percent@ were white.
conclusion : hospice use at the end of life may not be associated with lower public expenditures in older dually eligible al residents.
future research should examine the association between hospice enrollment and the quality of end-of-life care.
design : cohort study using data from the minimum data set , medicare claims , and the on-line survey certification of automated records.
setting : united states , 2000-2006.
participants : nursing home residents with advanced dementia aged @number@ and older with a 3-day hospitalization ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : the likelihood of snf admission after hospitalization was calculated.
resident and nursing home factors associated with snf admission were identified using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
results : sixty-one percent of residents with advanced dementia were admitted to a snf after their hospitalization.
the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with lower likelihood of snf admission ( aor = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.73-0.99 ) .
conclusion : the majority of nursing home residents with advanced dementia are admitted to snfs after a qualifying hospitalization.
snf admission is strongly associated with peg tube insertion during hospitalization and with nursing home factors.
efforts to optimize appropriate use of snf services in individuals with advanced dementia should focus on these factors.
in this study , proteomic results of ad were reviewed and the ad-associated protein-protein interaction network ( pin ) was analyzed.
according to centrality measurements , @number@ proteins were designated as pivotal elements in ad mechanisms.
interestingly , most of these proteins had been reported in some sulfur mustard-related studies in late and acute phases separately.
it is possible that these proteins play role in the shared complications of ad and csmsl including xerosis and itching.
the interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome c determines whether cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier or peroxidase.
this review focuses on the discovery and development of the first cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent.
ss-31 is a member of the szeto-schiller ( ss ) peptides known to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane.
ss-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
by interacting with cardiolipin , ss-31 prevents cardiolipin from converting cytochrome c into a peroxidase while protecting its electron carrying function.
as a result , ss-31 protects the structure of mitochondrial cristae and promotes oxidative phosphorylation.
ss-31 represents a new class of compounds that can recharge the cellular powerhouse and restore bioenergetics.
extensive animal studies have shown that targeting such a fundamental mechanism can benefit highly complex diseases that share a common pathogenesis of bioenergetics failure.
this review summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of ss-31 and provides an update of its clinical development programme.
background : the population is aging.
patients were subdivided in age groups ( 15-49 , 50-64 , 65-79 and ≥ @number@ years ) and calendar year.
mortality was compared between age groups adjusting for sex and preexisting morbidity using 50-64-year-olds as reference.
results : the proportion of elderly patients increased from @percent@ of all icu patients in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
among the elderly , the 30-day mortality was @percent@ in medical , @percent@ in acute surgical , and @percent@ in elective surgical icu patients.
conclusions : during 2005-2011 , there was an @percent@ increase in the proportion of elderly icu patients.
advancing age is associated with increased mortality even after controlling for preexisting morbidity.
women aged @number@ years and over ( @number@ ) randomly sampled from primary healthcare services around spain were included.
lifetime ipv prevalence , types , and duration were calculated.
descriptive and multivariate procedures using logistic and multiple lineal regression models were used.
of the women studied , @percent@ experienced ipv with an average duration of @number@ years.
the perspectives of formerly homeless , older women are absent in the academic literature on aging and homelessness.
the female participants ' views on adapting to home , planning for their elderly years , and views on growing older are also explored.
first , descriptive analyses of alternative retirement options , based on social security retirement benefit rules , are provided.
third , based on these considerations , recommendations are made regarding social security retirement benefit receipt alternatives.
our analysis revealed that alexithymia , anxiety , and depression in fm patients showed increased levels compared to healthy controls.
alexithymia in fm patients follows a similar pattern as in healthy women ( although with significantly higher scores ) , increasing with age.
interestingly , satisfied women exercised more than dissatisfied women , and weight and shape still played a primary role in their self-evaluation.
weight monitoring and appearance-altering behaviors did not differ between groups.
body satisfaction was associated with better overall functioning.
this end point appears to represent effortful body satisfaction rather than passive contentment.
the purpose of this qualitative study was to provide in-depth descriptions of preferences for receipt of long-term care among a small sample of information-rich cases.
implications for social work practice are discussed.
previous research indicates that perception of audio-visual ( av ) synchrony changes in adulthood.
middle-aged adults also showed a greater shift in their point of subjective simultaneity than young adults.
natural audio-lead asynchronies are arguably more predictable than natural visual-lead asynchronies , and this predictability may render audio-lead thresholds more prone to experience-related fine-tuning.
as a result , this physiologically-motivated model enables simulation of specific cochlear lesions such as presbyacusis.
the implications of these findings are discussed in the light of classic and recent findings from face development literature.
it has been associated with tumor activation , immune suppression and aging , owing to the secretion of proinflammatory mediators.
the bacterial genotoxin colibactin , encoded by the pks genomic island is frequently harboured by escherichia coli strains of the b2 phylogenetic group.
mammalian cells exposed to live pks + bacteria exhibit dna-double strand breaks ( dsb ) and undergo cell-cycle arrest and death.
this was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and pro-inflammatory cytokines , chemokines and proteases secretion.
these mediators were able to trigger dsb and enhanced sa-β-gal activity in bystander recipient cells treated with conditioned medium from senescent cells.
furthermore , these senescent cells promoted the growth of human tumor cells.
in conclusion , the present data demonstrated that the e. coli genotoxin colibactin induces cellular senescence and subsequently propel bystander genotoxic and oncogenic effects.
nickel and other cationic metals travel through waterways and bind to soils and sediments.
we assayed the effects of both sediment-bound and aqueous nickel upon animal growth , developmental survival , lifespan , and fecundity.
uncontaminated sediments were collected from sites in the midwestern united states and spiked with a range of nickel concentrations.
we found that nickel-spiked sediment substantially impairs both survival from larval to adult stages and adult longevity in a concentration-dependent manner.
intriguingly , c. elegans and p. pacificus exhibit similar , but not identical , responses to nickel exposure.
moreover , p. pacificus could be tested successfully in sediments inhospitable to c. elegans.
a semi-quantitative assessment of the cml expression in the microvascular endothelium and dermal fibroblasts was performed.
the pearson one-way anova was used to compare data between the groups.
the sun-exposed areas had a more than @percent@ higher age-cml score than the protected areas.
no statistically significant correlation was observed between the histological score and the ihc expression of cml.
we concluded that in healthy integument , the accumulation of final glycation products increases with age and is amplified by ultraviolet exposure.
objectives : although empathy is a well-established motivation in younger adults for helping others , it is not known whether this extends to aging.
thus , we investigated age-related differences in relationships among empathy and prosocial behavior.
method : participants were @number@ younger ( m = @number@ years ) and @number@ older ( m = @number@ years ) healthy adults.
prosocial behavior was measured by participants ' monetary offers to that opponent.
results : older adults showed greater prosocial behavior due to the empathy induction than younger adults.
background : the association of age-related cognitive change with hospitalization is not well understood.
hospitalization data were obtained from part a medicare beneficiary records.
results : there were @number@ hospitalizations involving @number@ of the @number@ individuals in the cohort ( @percent@ ) .
these associations persisted after adjustment for comorbidities and exclusion of those with a mini-mental state examination score less than @number@
conclusion : individual differences in trajectories of cognitive aging are associated with subsequent risk of hospitalization.
calorie or dietary restriction ( cr ) has attracted attention because it is the oldest and most robust way to extend rodent life span.
the prospects for drugs that can deliver at least a subset of the benefits of cr seems very real.
we show that both classes of mtdna rearrangements are unequally distributed among disorders and their breakpoints have different genomic locations.
notably , most deletions removing a section of the d-loop are found in tumors.
as previously shown for deletions , imperfect stretches of homology are common in duplication breakpoints.
one of the most reliable findings in psychiatry is in the incidence of anxiety and depression.
beginning at puberty , women develop mood disorders twice as often as men.
because corticotropin-releasing factor ( crf ) receptors are implicated , we compared crf receptor binding in pre- and postpubertal rats.
in each brain area , crf receptor binding was sexually dimorphic , but no two areas were alike in the way the sexes differed.
in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle , crf1 binding was initially the same in juveniles , but became greater in adult females.
in piriform cortex , crf1 binding increased in females and decreased in males , again becoming sexually dimorphic.
crf1 binding in the anterior cingulate was greater in females than in males at both ages.
in ca3 , crf1 binding was greater in males before puberty but decreased during puberty , abolishing the sex difference.
crf2 binding in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was greater in males irrespective of age.
crf2 binding in the ventromedial hypothalamus was the same in juveniles , but binding levels increased in males , leading to an adult sex difference.
thus , eight crf receptor-expressing areas displayed eight distinct sex differences.
this particular protective effect of tiron was greater than a range of cellular antioxidants investigated.
the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor @number@ ( nrf2 ) signaling pathway provides cellular protection against oxidative stress.
this study provides a platform to investigate molecules with similar structure to tiron as potent and clinically relevant antioxidants.
these limitations are mainly related to the concomitant sheer diversity , chemical complexity , and variable abundance of the various derivatives to be characterized.
some challenges to scientists are finally proposed for future proteomic investigations to solve main drawbacks in this research field.
moreover , the rise of proteomics has allowed the identification of the specific proteins targeted by protein carbonylation.
background : allometric exponents in population pharmacokinetic analysis are regularly used but the issue of fixing or estimating an allometric exponent remains controversial.
the objective of the current analysis is to evaluate the performance of a body-weight-dependent allometric exponent ( bde ) model of remifentanil.
three allometric models were used to explore the impact of allometric exponents on the total clearance of remifentanil.
results : all model-fitted structural , covariate , and statistical parameters were estimated with good to excellent precision ( %rse ) .
conclusions : the bde model performed best for the estimation of remifentanil clearance and is realistic and of practical value.
further investigation should be conducted for such models.
bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) has been used to estimate skeletal muscle mass , but its application in the elderly is not optimal.
the accuracy of bia may be influenced by the expansion of extracellular water ( ecw ) relative to muscle mass with aging.
a total of @number@ elderly participants aged 65-85 years were recruited.
muscle cross-sectional area ( csa ) was obtained from computed tomography scans at the mid-thigh.
segmental sfbia and mfbia were measured for the upper legs.
an index of the ratio of ecw and icw was calculated using mfbia.
ecw / icw index was significantly and positively correlated with age ( p < @number@ ) .
sfbia tends to significantly overestimate muscle csa in subjects who had relative expansion of ecw in the thigh segment ( p < @number@ ) .
this trend was not observed for mfbia ( p = @number@ ) .
relative expansion of ecw was observed in older participants.
the relative expansion of ecw affects the validity of traditional sfbia , which is lowered when estimating muscle csa in the elderly.
electoral rolls were used to invite women in @number@ towns to participate ( participation rate @number@ % ) .
results : nearly @number@ % of the participants reported they did not take calcium or vitamin d supplements or any specific osteoporosis drugs.
of the @number@ women who had already had a major osteoporotic fracture , one-third ( @number@ % ) were not taking any osteoporosis medication.
in this subgroup , use of this medication was associated with the same factors as in the overall study population.
conclusion : in france , as in other western countries , women aged @number@ years and over are not managed according to guidelines.
further studies should address the barriers encountered in improving quality of care in osteoporosis management.
since the earliest descriptions of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , many theories have been advanced as to its cause.
gene mutations influence the outcome of age-related neuronal degeneration to cause early onset familial ad ( eo-fad ) .
consequently , the activated immune cells engage explicit regulatory mechanisms to eliminate senescent cells.
for example , recent work from our laboratory showed that perforin-granzyme exocytosis mediates nk-cell killing of senescent cells.
here , we summarize the current advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying specific immune-mediated elimination of senescent cells.
the negative relation between metabolism and life span is a fundamental gerontological discovery well documented in a variety of ontogenetic and phylogenetic models.
however , wider implementation of such ideas is compromised because of little advances in modification of the metabolic rate.
unlike genetic effects that also play a role in cancer and aging , epigenetic aberrations can be relatively easily corrected.
one of the most widespread approaches to the epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging is dietary control.
this can be achieved not only through the quality of the diet , but also through the quantity of calories that are consumed.
objective : estrogen stimulates pulsatile secretion of gh , via mechanisms that are largely unknown.
methods : end points were mean concentrations , deconvolved secretion , and approximate entropy ( apen ; a regularity measure ) of gh.
these outcomes introduce a more complex model of e₂ supplementation in coordinating gh secretion in aging women.
methods : in an area with a borderline iodine status in the past , we studied @number@ participants of the nijmegen biomedical study.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
the present study employed an internet-based intervention to increase walking in @number@ sedentary adults over @number@ years of age.
in experiment @number@ participants received monetary consequences for meeting an increasing series of step goals on at least @number@ days during consecutive 5-day blocks.
across participants , steps increased @percent@ from screening to the end of the intervention , and @percent@ of step goals were met.
in experiment @number@ goals were set using the same schedule as in experiment @number@ but no monetary consequences were provided for meeting them.
across participants , steps increased @percent@ , and @percent@ of goals were met.
across both studies , @number@ of @number@ participants increased their steps according to experimenter-arranged criteria.
these results support the efficacy of an internet-based intervention to increase walking in sedentary adults.
simplified measurement of macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) is important because of the ocular health benefits that are attributed to these retinal carotenoids.
the @number@ deg stimulus replaces the small , eccentrically viewed stimulus used in traditional hfp.
a microprocessor computes the subject's mpod , in addition to the lens od , and uses the latter to correct the mpod.
good repeatability was confirmed through test-retest measurements on @number@ subjects.
the overwhelming majority of them stated that they found the test easy.
the importance of the lens correction on mpod measurements was confirmed in a simulation study.
the maturation of in vivo neuroimaging has led to incredible quantities of digital information about the human brain.
while much is made of the data deluge in science , neuroimaging represents the leading edge of this onslaught of \ "big data \ ".
a range of neuroimaging databasing approaches has streamlined the transmission , storage , and dissemination of data from such brain imaging studies.
yet few , if any , common solutions exist to support the science of neuroimaging.
thus , \ "big data \ " can become \ "big \ " brain science.
the economic burden of incident and prior fragility fractures was estimated at € @number@ billion.
previous and incident fractures also accounted for @number@ quality-adjusted life years lost during @number@
the costs are expected to increase by @number@ % in @number@
the aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in each of the eu27 countries in @number@ and beyond.
results : the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in @number@ is given for each of the @number@ countries of the eu.
the costs are expected to increase on average by @number@ % in @number@
fragility fractures are associated with substantial pain and suffering , disability and even death for affected patients and substantial costs to society.
the aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in the eu27 in @number@ and beyond.
the economic burden of incident and prior fragility fractures was estimated at < euro > @number@ billion.
incident fractures represented @number@ % of this cost , long-term fracture care @number@ % and pharmacological prevention @number@ %.
previous and incident fractures also accounted for @number@ quality-adjusted life years lost during @number@
the costs are expected to increase by @number@ % in @number@
background : emerging health care reform initiatives are of growing importance amidst concerns about providing care to increasing numbers of adults with multiple chronic conditions.
subjects : data were analyzed from @number@ community-dwelling cdsmp participants.
results : significant improvements for all better health and better health care outcome measures were observed from baseline to 12-month follow-up.
patients with phenylketonuria ( pku ) encompass an ' at risk ' group for micronutrient imbalances.
optimal nutrient status is challenging particularly when a substantial proportion of nutrient intake is from non-natural sources.
biological micronutrient inadequacies have been mainly reported for zinc , selenium , iron , vitamin b12 and folate.
the aetiology of these results and possible clinical and biological implications are discussed.
somatic stem cells ensure tissue renewal along life and healing of injuries.
similarly , adult epidermal stem cells have the capacity to renew epidermis , the fully differentiated , protective envelope of our body.
stable skin replacement of severely burned patients have proven life saving.
most patients die from the consequences of budding hundreds of skin cancers in the absence of photoprotection.
we have developed a safe procedure of genetic correction of epidermal stem cells isolated from xp patients.
aberrant psychological and behavioral symptoms are common in patients with dementia.
these symptoms have negative consequences for family caregivers , causing stress and burden.
frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) symptoms cause more pronounced stress and burden on caregivers than those associated with alzheimer dementia.
the program , life enhancing activities for family caregivers : leaf was conducted in-person or by videoconference with caregivers across the united states.
twenty-four caregivers ( @number@ intervention and @number@ attention control ) participated.
these scores continued to show improvement at the assessment done @number@ month after intervention.
subjects were receptive to the skills and the delivery methods.
the positive emotion skill-building intervention proved feasible especially in the internet videoconference delivery format.
the intervention promoted positive affect and improved psychological outcomes for family caregivers of people with ftd.
apoeε4-carrier and aging are linked to enhancing abca7 risk-associated sad.
background : dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) are underrecognized in community settings.
this may be due in part to the lack of brief dementia screening tools available to clinicians.
methods : we examined @number@ consecutive patients ( @number@ controls , @number@ with mci , and @number@ with dementia ) .
receiver operator characteristic curves were used to examine the ability of ad8 and iqcode to discriminate between controls and mci or dementia.
sensitivity , specificity , predictive values , and likelihood ratios were reported.
the ad8 detected mci in all @number@ individuals , whereas the iqcode misclassified @number@ individuals.
conclusions : both the ad8 and iqcode were able to detect dementia in a community setting.
the ad8 , however , was more successful than iqcode in detecting mci.
background and purpose : the extensive application of advanced mr imaging techniques has undoubtedly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
nevertheless , the precise extent of neurodegeneration throughout the central nervous system is not fully understood.
in the present study , we assessed the spatial distribution of cortical damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by using a cortical thickness measurement approach.
materials and methods : surface-based morphometry was performed on @number@ patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and @number@ age- and sex-matched healthy control participants.
clinical scores of disability and disease progression were correlated with measures of cortical thickness.
objective : to examine baseline prestroke weight loss and poststroke mortality among men.
setting : community-based aging study data.
participants : japanese-american men ( n = 3581 ; age range , 71-93y ) who were stroke free at baseline.
interventions : not applicable.
neither desirable nor excessive bmi reductions ( vs no change / increased bmi ) were associated with poststroke mortality.
overweight / obese late-life bmi was associated with increased posthemorrhagic stroke mortality.
desirable and excessive bmi reductions were not associated with poststroke mortality.
weight loss , underweight late-life bmi , and any bmi reduction were all associated with increased long-term mortality in the overall sample.
elevated risk of death from any cause and stroke associated with high body mass index ( bmi ) values decline with aging.
however , it is not clear whether the effect of obesity on the incidence of hypertension varies by sex or age.
cox regression analyses were performed using a large historical cohort composed of @number@ men and @number@ women.
in the next step , the effect of bmi on the incidence of hypertension stratified by sex was evaluated.
the effect of obesity on the incidence of hypertension is stronger in women than in men.
the association between baseline serum vitamin e and cognitive impairment was analyzed with multiple logistic regression after adjusting for several confounders.
conclusions : elevated levels of tocopherol and tocotrienol forms are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.
the association is modulated by concurrent cholesterol concentration.
objective : to elucidate the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection ( ari ) in hospitalized children in suzhou from @number@ to @number@
the clinical information was collected ; and the nasopharyngeal aspiration fluid and serum samples were sent for multi-pathogen detection.
sputum culture was applied to detect bacterial infection and quantitative elisa was adopted to detect the specific antibodies of mp and cp.
mp was the most common pathogen , whose detected rate was @percent@ ( 2637 / 10 @number@ ) .
conversely , the positive rate of mp increased with the age growing ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : mp and rsv were the most common pathogens in respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children.
the novel virus included hmpv and hbov , which also played an important role in ari.
different pathogens were prevalent in different ages ; with respective seasonal distribution and characteristics.
cost-effective strategies to maintain healthy active lifestyle in aging populations are required to address the global burden of age-related diseases.
aspree will examine whether the potential primary prevention benefits of low dose aspirin outweigh the risks in older healthy individuals.
to @date@ @number@ participants have been recruited.
recruitment and study completion are anticipated in @date@ and @date@ respectively.
mammalian cells produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ( ros / rnos ) in response to an oxidative environment.
powerful antioxidant mechanisms have been developed in order to avoid oxidative stress by contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis.
aim : the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of three commonly used positions on grip strength measurement in older people.
conclusions : the grip strengths obtained from the three positions were not all comparable in our community-dwelling older adults.
clinicians and researchers need to be cautious when choosing testing position for assessing and interpreting grip strength results obtained from these positions.
context : the best evidence suggests that feeding tubes are ineffective in persons with advanced dementia.
little is known about their health care costs.
the study used a 3 : 1 propensity-matched cohort design.
other evidence has suggested that tau and amyloid pathology may arise independently.
both lines of research suggest that there may be epistatic relationships between genes involved in amyloid and tau pathophysiology.
these interactions explained @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ of the variance in amyloid deposition respectively.
our data suggest that pde5-i might be beneficial to treat age-related detrimental features in a physiological mouse model of aging.
the mechanism by which amyloid-β ( aβ ) produces brain dysfunction in patients with alzheimer's disease is largely unknown.
according to previous studies , aβ might share perforating properties with gramicidin , a well-accepted membrane-disrupting peptide.
therefore , we hypothesize that the key steps leading to synaptotoxicity by aβ and gramicidin involve peptide aggregation , pore formation , and calcium dysregulation.
here , we show that aβ and gramicidin form aggregates enriched in β-sheet structures using electron microscopy , and thioflavin and congo red staining techniques.
the decrease in total bdnf mrna levels in these tauopathies was predominantly due to down-regulation of transcript iv.
mutations in fbxo7 ( park15 ) have been associated with a syndrome characterized by early-onset progressive parkinsonism with and without pyramidal tract signs.
we identified @number@ variants ( @number@ novel ) , including @number@ missense substitutions , @number@ synonymous , and @number@ intronic alterations.
six substitutions were described as putatively damaging by the bioinformatics tools and @number@ intronic variation was described to affect splicing.
minor allele frequencies of the highly polymorphic coding single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in pd patients and control subjects were similar.
all rare variants were heterozygous.
no deletions or duplications involving fbxo7 exons were identified.
our results suggest that the involvement of the fbxo7 gene in pd is very rare , at least in this population from southern spain.
infertility is a major , multifaceted issue worldwide whose prevalence is increasing in both high- and low-income countries.
three other reasons may explain the increasing incidence of infertility.
second , prolonged exposure to chronic stress and environmental pollutants may play a critical role in decreasing fertility.
third , gonadotoxic oncologic treatments allow many patients to survive cancer , at the cost of their fertility.
this consideration may justify the development of treatments that preserve fertility.
aim : we aimed to determine whether there was a blue zone , an area characterized by extreme longevity , in menorca , spain.
there is no record of any other surviving centenarian after @number@ in es migjorn gran.
results obtained with other demographic indices are confirmatory.
conclusions : it appears there was no extreme longevity or blue zone in es migjorn gran and the surrounding villages in menorca.
in addition , results driven by single erroneous probes are removed.
the consensus aging dmrs are significantly enriched for muscle biogenesis pathways.
we find a massive increase in vmrs with age and in regions of the genome associated with open chromatin and neurotransmission.
old age vmrs are significantly enriched for neurotransmission pathways.
ewas studies should investigate the role of this interindividual variation in dna methylation , in the age-associated diseases of sarcopenia and dementia.
a constructivist grounded theory methodology was used.
a sharing dementia care knowledge model was conceived , with the pwds and their care partners at the centre.
culturally sensitive approaches were essential to developing trusting relationships.
once developed , knowledge sharing through accessing , adapting , and applying the information was possible.
meanwhile , numerous interconnections have become apparent between age-dependent changes previously thought to proceed more or less independently.
oxidative stress has also been shown to promote telomere attrition.
moreover , damage by free radicals is connected to impaired circadian rhythmicity.
another nexus exists between cellular oscillators and metabolic sensing , in particular to the aging-suppressor sirt1 , which acts as an accessory clock protein.
melatonin , being a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule , interacts directly or indirectly with all the processes mentioned.
these influences are critically reviewed , with emphasis on data from aged organisms and senescence-accelerated animals.
oncocytomas are benign tumors most often occurring in salivary or lacrimal glands and thyroid tissue.
as cutaneous oncocytoma is exceptionally rare , this tumor is uncommonly encountered by dermatopathologists.
herein , we illustrate the case of an 80-year-old man who presented with a slowly growing papule of the lower eyelid.
histopathologically , the adenomatous tumor was composed of large monomorphic cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm.
electron microscopy revealed abundant , enlarged and abnormally shaped mitochondria.
these findings were consistent with an oncocytoma of the skin.
disrupted oxygen metabolism may result from cellular aging processes and may putatively represent the underlying pathogenesis of oncocytoma.
the current study used falls direction to categorize falls and explore age-related effects on the biomechanics of medio-lateral balance control.
lateral center of pressure ( cop ) displacement from toe-off to mlm was also monitored to assess the risk of medio-lateral balance perturbation.
for an overall description of gait , spatio-temporal parameters were also obtained.
the rapid increase in the ageing population of most developed countries is presenting significant challenges to policymakers of public healthcare.
to address this problem , we propose a smarter safer home solution that enables ageing australians to live independently longer in their own homes.
to achieve this , we use environmentally placed sensors for non-intrusive monitoring of human behaviour.
australia has an ever increasing ageing population due to advances in healthcare and post-war booms in fertility.
extended independent living can improve quality of life for elders and their families and reduce costs associated with health and aged care.
there is however , the need to monitor the elderly resident's safety , physical health and brain function.
the smarter safer homes project aims to develop a platform to facilitate independent living.
such monitoring could potentially predict decline of brain function.
here we present how data derived from a sensor-based in-home monitoring system may be able to be used to provide a measure of neurological health.
global cognition , short term memory , speed of processing , executive function and sustained attention were measured by a detailed battery of neuropsychological tests.
sleep is a physiological process with an internal program of a number of well defined sleep stages and intermediate wakefulness periods.
the sleep stages modulate the autonomous nervous system and thereby the sleep stages are accompanied by different regulation regimes for the cardiovascular and respiratory system.
the differences in regulation can be distinguished by new techniques of cardiovascular physics.
data driven modeling analysis , synchronization and coupling analysis and their applications to biosignals in healthy subjects and patients with different sleep disorders are presented.
newly derived methods of cardiovascular physics can help to find indicators for these health risks.
aging is a process that is inevitable , and makes our body vulnerable to age-related diseases.
age is the most consistent factor affecting the sleep structure.
therefore , new automatic sleep staging methods , to be used in both of young and elderly patients , are needed.
most sleep events , which define the sleep stages , are reduced with age.
this is addressed by focusing on the amplitude of the clinical eeg bands , and not the affected sleep events.
the age-related influences are then reduced by robust subject-specific scaling.
the classification of the three sleep stages are achieved by a multi-class support vector machine using the one-versus-rest scheme.
it was possible to obtain a high classification accuracy of @number@
validation of the sleep stage detector in other sleep disorders , such as apnea and narcolepsy , should be considered in future work.
falls prevention is important for older individuals to maintain healthy lifestyles and is an essential challenge in sustaining the socioeconomic structure of many advanced nations.
hazardous anterior balance loss due to tripping can be attributed to the mid-swing phase event , minimum foot clearance ( mfc ) .
kinematic information of com and both toes in addition to simulated impact force due to tripping at mfc were used to estimate art.
the second aim was to apply correlation analysis to a range of gait parameters to identify the factors influencing art.
art for balance loss in the forward direction due to tripping was on average.
@number@.11s for both the dominant and non-dominant limbs ' simulated tripping at mfc.
while current systems work well , they still have several limitations.
this paper presents the preliminary experiments with such a system.
physicians use ultrasound scans to obtain real-time images of internal organs , because such scans are safe and inexpensive.
however , people in remote areas face difficulties to be scanned due to aging society and physician's shortage.
hence , it is important to develop an autonomous robotic system to perform remote ultrasound scans.
previously , we developed a robotic system for automatic ultrasound scan focusing on human's liver.
an image processing algorithm marks the umbilicus and mammary papillae on a digital photograph of the patient's abdomen.
then , we made estimation for the location of the epigastric region using the distances between these landmarks.
a supporting algorithm distinguishes rib position from epigastrium using the relationship between force and displacement.
we implemented these algorithms with the automatic scanning system into an apparatus : a mitsubishi electric's melfa rv-1 six axis manipulator.
tests on @number@ healthy male subjects showed the apparatus located the epigastric region with a success rate of @percent@.
the results suggest that image recognition was effective in localizing a human body part.
recent studies have investigated changes in the human brain network organization during the normal aging.
a reduction of the connectivity between brain areas was demonstrated by combining neuroimaging technologies and graph theory.
clustering , characteristic path length and small-worldness are key topological measures and they are widely used in literature.
in this paper we propose a new methodology that combine advanced techniques of effective connectivity estimation , graph theoretical approach and classification by svm method.
eeg signals recording during rest condition from @number@ young subjects and @number@ mid-aged adults were studied.
partial directed coherence was computed by means of general linear kalman filter and graph indexes were extracted from estimated patterns.
at last small-worldness was used as feature for the svm classifier.
recent epidemiological evidence shows that cardiovascular risk is not only related to the average arterial pressure , but also to the degree of diurnal variability.
these findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing bp variability will need to consider large artery stiffness for optimal efficacy.
evaluation of arterial compliance is significant in cardiovascular diagnosis for early detection of coronary heart disease.
we present artsens , an image-free system for non-invasive evaluation of arterial compliance in-vivo.
the system utilizes a single element ultrasound probe with intelligent measurement algorithms to ensure accurate evaluation of local arterial compliance without an image.
the ability of the system to detect artery anatomy and measure compliance was verified by in-vivo measurements conducted on @number@ subjects.
the accuracy of compliance estimates were evaluated by comparison with a state of art imaging system.
the measurements made using artsens showed strong correlation with those made using the imaging system.
the ability of artsens to detect age-related trends in arterial compliance was also investigated.
the authors have developed power assist suits named \ "smart suit \ ".
this study investigated bone marrow perfusion at proximal femur varying with bone mineral density ( bmd ) and aging over @number@ years.
dynamic contrast enhanced mri data was extracted pixel-by-pixel and classified into @number@ patterns to indicate the perfusion function.
eighty-seven elderly females were involved.
a notable reduced perfusion as a whole was observed in osteoporotic subjects.
moreover , perfusion distribution varies as bmd decreases , especially at the area crossing the femoral neck to the shaft.
consistent for all subjects , the perfusion decreases significantly from the lesser trochanter to the greater trochanter.
the results indicated that the bone marrow perfusion function interacts with bone modeling and could have a long term effect on bmd.
a good perfusion function would help to keep the bone health.
in modern society , aging and chronic disease is becoming common phenomenon due to the increasing numbers of elderly patients.
to best treat this growing segment of the population , medical care should be based on constant vital sign monitoring.
in this study , we propose a mobile vital sign measurement and data collection system for chronic disease management..
and we implemented a middle ware using multi-agent platform in sos ( self-organizing system ) platform that transmits patient clinical data for services.
we also implemented a hl7 messaging interface for interoperability of clinical data exchange.
we propose health services on a self-organized software platform.
cardiac autonomic dysfunction is a serious condition in the elder subjects.
baroreflex sensitivity ( brs ) by measuring pulse intervals and blood pressure has been proven as an effective indicator.
this paper proposes a novel index by substitution blood pressure with amplitudes of pressure pulse.
we verified the reproducibility of par and agreement with spectral analysis of heart rate variability in group1 participants.
the second ieee released standard including uwb definitions is targeted for wireless body area networks ( wban ) and was published in @number@
another challenge is the population composition , i.e. , aging in developed countries which call for new solutions and procedures , particularly from cost wise.
in this paper , we are evaluating uwb receivers based on the ieee @number@ physical layer definitions and capable of detecting differentially encoded modulation.
the evaluation is performed using two different wban channel models.
this study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone-based audio-biofeedback ( abf ) system for improving balance in older adults.
six healthy older adults voluntarily participated in this pilot study.
although an extended study including a larger number of participants is needed to confirm these data , the present results are encouraging.
they do suggest that smartphone-based abf system could be used for balance training and rehabilitation therapy in older adults.
aging population is considered to be major problem in modern healthcare.
at the same time , fall incidents often occur among elderly and cause serious injuries affecting their independent living.
this paper proposes a framework which uses mobile phone technology together with physiological data monitoring in order to detect falls.
the system carries out collecting , storing and processing of acceleration data with further alarm generating and transferring all the measurements to remote caregiver.
a fall detection algorithm has been designed therefore to cope with large variations of movement in the torso.
the online algorithm operating showed performance results of @percent@ specificity , @percent@ sensitivity and @percent@ accuracy.
in this paper , a recording and analysis system is designed and developed for outdoor activity patterns characterization.
some mental problems of aging , especially the occurrence of dementia , are not easily noticed in early stage.
in this study , the proposed system is employed for outdoor activity patterns analysis.
from the pattern analysis , the abnormal activity which is different from the usual patterns may be differentiated and warned.
the proposed system integrates the tablet pc and gps to track and to detect the occurrence of abnormal condition off-line.
in the beginning , the sequence of gps data is segmented in time frame , and represented in vector form for data reduction.
some filtering technique is also applied for noise reduction.
observation of a patient's respiration signal can provide a clinician with the required information necessary to analyse a subject's wellbeing.
due to an increase in population number and the aging population demographic there is an increasing stress being placed on current healthcare systems.
there is therefore a requirement for more of the rudimentary patient testing to be performed outside of the hospital environment.
the extraction of a proxy for the respiration signal from a recorded electrocardiogram ( ecg ) signal has therefore received considerable interest from previous researchers.
this paper presents the use of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition ( eemd ) algorithm to aid in the extraction of the desired respiration signal.
genome-wide epigenetic modification dynamics , including dna methylation and chromatin modification , are involved in biological processes such as development , aging , and disease.
here , we describe epidiff ( @url@ , an integrated software platform that supports quantification of epigenetic difference and identification of demrs by shannon entropy.
the third module , quantitative differential expressed gene ( qdeg ) , can be used to identify differentially expressed genes.
the platform-free and species-free nature of epidiff makes it potentially applicable to a wide variety of epigenomes at an unprecedented scale and resolution.
the graphical user interface provides biologists with a practicable and reliable way to analyze and visualize epigenetic difference.
these characteristics were then integrated to estimate the models by various machine-learning algorithms to predict user's cognitive performance.
this concept provides a background for optimal matching of body size and hemodynamic load on the heart.
in addition , the known pressure dependency of arterial stiffness results in a curvilinear relationship between blood pressure variability and mean pressure.
this has implications in hypertensive treatment where there are marked changes in arterial stiffness , as occurs with aging.
however , the reason that severe hypoalbuminemia has an influence on the treatment outcome of vcm remains unknown.
the @number@ patients were divided into severe hypoalbuminemia and non-severe hypoalbuminemia groups.
the pk / pd parameters and treatment outcomes of vcm were compared between the two groups.
to establish a more effective and safer treatment protocol , the issue of malnutrition in elderly patients needs to be addressed and improved.
complex cognitive abilities such as planning are known to critically rely on activity of bilateral mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( mid-dlpfc ) .
however , the functional relevance of the structural connectivity between left and right mid-dlpfc is yet unknown.
multiple regression analyses with interaction effects revealed that streamline counts between left and right mid-dlpfc were negatively associated with planning performance specifically in early postadolescence.
from the fourth life decade on , there was a trend for a reversed , positive association.
the participants included @number@ women.
interventions : each patient received @number@ u of abobotulinumtoxina on one side of the forehead and @number@ u of onabotulinumtoxina on the other side.
results : the horizontal and vertical diameters of the fields of effect and the areas were significantly larger for onabotulinumtoxina than those obtained for abobotulinumtoxina.
there were no significant differences between the products in the wrinkle severity scale scores and evoked compound muscle action potentials.
onabotulinumtoxina had significantly more diffusion than abobotulinumtoxina when isovolumetric injections of the same labeled unit dose of the products were injected.
trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01732809.
cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) is cerebrovascular amyloid deposition.
it is classified into several types according to the cerebrovascular amyloid proteins involved.
sporadic amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) -type caa is commonly found in elderly individuals and patients with alzheimer disease.
caa-related disorders include hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and dementia.
caa-related hemorrhages include intracerebral lobar macrohemorrhages , cortical microhemorrhages , and focal subarachnoidal hemorrhages / superficial siderosis.
caa-associated vasculopathies , such as microaneurysmal formation with fibrinoid necrosis , underlie such cerebrovascular events.
sensitive magnetic resonance imaging procedures , such as gradient-echo t2 imaging and susceptibility-weighted images , are useful to detect microhemorrhagic lesions.
amyloid images with amyloid-binding positron emission tomography ligands can detect caa , although they cannot discriminate vascular from parenchymal amyloid deposits.
importance : more than one-third of all us inpatient operations are performed on patients aged @number@ years and older.
existing preoperative risk assessment strategies are not adequate to meet the needs of the aging population.
design , setting , and participants : this prospective , cohort study was conducted at a referral medical center.
persons aged @number@ years and older undergoing elective colorectal and cardiac operations were enrolled.
the predictor variable was having fallen in the @number@ months prior to the operation.
main outcomes and measures : postoperative outcomes measured included 30-day complications , the need for discharge institutionalization , and 30-day readmission.
results : there were @number@ subjects with a mean ( sd ) age of @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
preoperative falls occurred in @percent@.
these findings were independent of advancing chronologic age.
using a history of prior falls in preoperative risk assessment for an older adult represents a shift from current preoperative assessment strategies.
context : studies examining whether vitamin d supplementation increases muscle mass or muscle-specific vitamin d receptor ( vdr ) concentration are lacking.
design and setting : this was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in a single center.
however , clinical and biochemical data regarding growth , puberty , and metabolic outcome , as well as features of female carriers , are scarce.
objective : our objective was to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with igsf1 deficiency in both sexes.
detailed clinical data were collected with an identical protocol , and biochemical measurements were performed in a central laboratory.
pubertal testosterone production was delayed , as were the growth spurt and pubic hair development.
however , testicular growth started at a normal age and attained macro-orchid size in all evaluable adults.
body mass index , percent fat , and waist circumference tended to be elevated.
the metabolic syndrome was present in @number@ of @number@ patients over @number@ years of age.
a subset of female carriers also exhibits ceh.
whether this interaction can be extrapolated to food-based sources of sfas , specifically dairy foods , is unexplored.
cross-sectional analyses were performed in @number@ u.s. population-based samples.
posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) is a common phenomenon in the aging eye.
however , this may be complicated by persistent symptomatic vitreomacular adhesions that exert tractional forces on the macula ( vitreomacular traction ; vmt ) .
vmt itself may be associated with epiretinal membrane formation and the development of idiopathic macular holes ( imh ) .
the development of narrow-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy systems has improved the rate of visual recovery following surgery.
ocriplasmin , by degrading laminin and fibronectin at the vitreoretinal interface , may allow induction of pvd in a non-invasive manner.
indeed , clinical studies have supported its use as an alternative to surgery in certain patient populations.
however , further research is still needed with respect to greater understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the development of vmt and imh.
the retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) is a highly specialized cns tissue that plays crucial roles in retinal homeostasis.
here we report on a key role of klotho ( kl ) , an aging-suppressor gene , in retinal health and rpe physiology.
importantly , kl increases phagocytosis in cultured rpe by inducing gene expression of mertk / axl / tyro3.
these effects of kl are mediated through camp-pka-dependent phosphorylation of transcription factor creb.
qualities were measured using the whoqol-bref and whoqol-old.
self-perceptions of aging were measured by the attitudes to aging questionnaire.
the study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a larger study ; @number@ older norwegians and @number@ older canadians were included.
the norwegian and canadian group self-enhanced their perceptions of psychosocial loss based on harmonious social relationships and being part of a larger social group.
for self-perceptions of physical change , both groups self-enhanced on being self-sufficient and being part of a larger social group.
our findings suggest that norwegians and canadians are not highly individualistic people and also provide evidence of a bicultural self-perception of aging.
nurses should consider how cultural and individual perspectives affect the care priorities of older people.
this article explores the influence of health literacy on medication adherence.
studies on large informative families are advisable to better define how genetics and non genetics factors like exercise and diet may influence the clinical phenotype.
three mutations segregated in the family , two of which are novel mutations.
in mammals , the obligate costs of reproduction are higher for females , making reproductive timing and rate especially liable to conflict between the sexes.
while studies from wild vertebrates support such sexual conflict , it remains unexplored in humans.
we found that the phenotypic selection gradients differed between the sexes.
we next established significant heritabilities in both sexes for all traits.
all traits , except reproductive rate , showed strongly positive intersexual genetic correlations and were strongly genetically correlated with fitness in both sexes.
moreover , the genetic correlations with fitness were almost identical in men and women.
for reproductive rate , the intersexual correlation and the correlation with fitness were weaker but again similar between the sexes.
these findings emphasize the need for incorporating genetic perspectives into studies of human life-history evolution.
lateral spatial interactions among elements of a scene , which either enhance or degrade visual performance , are ubiquitous in vision.
the neural mechanisms underlying lateral spatial interactions are a matter of debate , and various hypotheses have been proposed.
animals ranging in age from @number@ weeks to @number@ years were tested with a lateral masking paradigm.
we found that suppressive interactions are present from very early in postnatal life , showing no change over the age range tested.
however , facilitation develops slowly over the first year after birth.
instead our data favor a late developing feedback or top-down cognitive process to explain the origin of facilitation.
background : fear of falling has been linked to activity restriction , functional decline , decreased quality of life and increased risk of falling.
factors that distinguish persons with a high concern about falling from those with low concern have not been systematically studied.
methods : baseline data of @number@ women aged 70-80 years recruited to a randomised falls prevention trial ( dex ) ( nct00986466 ) were used.
participants were classified according to their level of concern about falling using the falls efficacy scale international ( fes-i ) .
results : @percent@ of the participants reported a moderate to high concern ( fes-i ≥ @number@ ) about falls.
multinomial logistic regression showed that highly concerned women were significantly more likely to have poorer health and quality of life and lower functional ability.
conclusions : concern about falling was highly prevalent in our sample of community-living older women.
in particular , poor perceived general health and mobility constraints contributed independently to the difference between high and low concern of falling.
knowledge of these associations may help in developing interventions to reduce fear of falling and activity avoidance in old age.
a low birthrate and aging society have led to a decrease in the japanese work force.
therefore , maintaining the environment surrounding working women has become an important priority of the occupational physician.
as for laws on women's healthcare , revision allows adaptation to fit changes in the times.
finally , the details of the @number@ revision of \ "labour standards for women \ " are described.
results of annual health checkups at workplaces revealed a steady increase in the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension in japan.
with the aging of the workforce , the incidence is expected to increase further.
these risk factors are modifiable through a lifestyle modification program including mild exercise and nutritional guidance.
however , only @percent@ of workplaces were implementing thp programs according to a survey conducted in @number@
objectives : life review can be implemented within a group as well as on an individual level.
there have been few discussions about which the format is most effective.
method : this was an exploratory study using a qualitative methodology.
we conducted semi-structured interviews to explore how participants felt about the benefits and barriers of receiving life review in a group.
transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using inductive analysis.
conclusion : our results reveal a variety of social processes that may facilitate the effects of life-review therapy.
future research , however , is needed to further examine the importance of these social processes and their effects on depression.
most important , an increasing proportion of older people remain living in their ordinary homes despite health decline and disability.
we will concentrate on aspects of home and health captured by state-of-the-art methodology from gerontology as well as pd-research , health science and rehabilitation.
this study protocol describes a longitudinal cohort survey study that includes a baseline data collection and a 3-year follow-up.
both data collection waves include self-administered questionnaires , structured interviews , clinical assessments and observations during home visits effectuated by research staff with project-specific training.
with no lower or upper age limit , only those diagnosed with pd since at least one year were included.
the data collection targets environmental factors such as assistive devices , social support , physical environmental barriers , accessibility problems and perceived aspects of home.
background : with increasing age neuromuscular deficits ( e.g. , sarcopenia ) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk for falls.
prominent intrinsic fall-risk factors are age-related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline.
additional studies are needed to develop specifically tailored exercise programs for older adults that can easily be implemented into clinical practice.
additionally , the time-related effects of detraining are tested.
methods / design : healthy old people ( n = @number@ ) between the age of @number@ to @number@ years will participate in this trial.
further , body composition will be analysed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system.
participants will be randomized into two intervention groups or the control / waiting group.
post-tests will be conducted right after the intervention period.
additionally , detraining effects will be measured @number@ weeks after program cessation.
in addition , information regarding fall risk assessment , dose-response-relations , detraining effects , and supervision of training will be provided.
methods : this prospective , non-randomized intervention study was carried out at the department of general internal medicine at a tertiary university hospital.
two hundred medical inpatients living in the community and aged over @number@ years were included.
ninety-nine patients received interventions and @number@ received standard care.
control / intervention allocation was determined by geographic selection.
interventions consisted of a comprehensive medication review , improved discharge planning , post-discharge telephone follow-up , and liaison with the patient's general practitioner.
the main outcome measures recorded were readmissions and hospital nights @number@ months after discharge.
separate analyses were made for 12-month survivors and from an intention-to-treat perspective.
comparative analyses were made between groups as well as within groups over time.
for hospital nights , the numbers were @number@ and @number@ respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : a multidisciplinary approach , targeting several different areas , could substantially lower readmissions and hospital costs in a non-terminal general hospital population.
aim : the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a pemf device for management of knee osteoarthritis in elderly patients.
results : changes in vas and womac scores were calculated for both knees as baseline minus post-treatment.
no adverse reactions to therapy were observed.
conclusion : the present study shows that pemf therapy improves pain , stiffness and physical function in elderly patients affected by knee osteoarthritis.
methods : nursing home residents admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in the study.
subjects were classified as having nhap ( group a ) or other pulmonary disorders ( group b ) .
clinical , imaging , and laboratory data were assessed to compute cpis and severity scores.
c-reactive protein and procalcitonin were measured by immunonephelometry and immunoassay , respectively.
results : fifty-eight subjects were diagnosed with nhap ( group a ) and @number@ with other pulmonary disorders ( group b ) .
the mean cpis ± sd was @number@ ± @number@ in group a and @number@ ± @number@ in group b ( p < @number@ ) .
at a cutoff value of @number@ ng / ml , procalcitonin had a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@.
at a cutoff value of @number@ mg / dl , c-reactive protein had a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@.
procalcitonin and c-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in gram-positive nhap.
the area under the curve for procalcitonin in predicting in-patient mortality was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.70-0.98 , p = @number@ ) .
a procalcitonin level upon admission > @number@ ng / ml was an independent predictor of in-patient mortality.
conclusions : cpis , procalcitonin , and c-reactive protein are reliable for the diagnosis of nhap.
procalcitonin and curb-65 are accurate in predicting in-patient mortality in nhap.
the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ahr ) is a nuclear receptor that regulates xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification.
this finding is significant given that age is the most established risk factor for development of amd.
high-serum low-density lipoprotein levels were also observed in ahr ( - / - ) mice.
however , the evidence is still inconclusive , mostly based on cvd mortality and studies with single 25 ( oh ) d measurements.
design : this was a population-based cohort study ( esther study , baseline 2000-2002 ) .
follow-up data , including survival status , were collected after @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
the response rate for survival was @percent@.
setting : participants were recruited during a health screening examination by their general practitioners.
25 ( oh ) d was measured in blood samples collected at baseline and the 5-year follow-up visit.
results : overall , @number@ study participants had a nonfatal and @number@ a fatal cvd event during @number@ years of follow-up.
no significant association for nonfatal cvd was observed.
it has been hypothesized that rapid temporal processing deficits may be linked to impaired language development through interference with acoustic information during speech perception.
nineteen high-functioning adults with asd , and age- and intelligence-matched td controls performed verbatim recall of temporally manipulated sentences.
this is the first study to show that both sensory abnormalities and aging impact on speech encoding in asd.
auditory processing deficits in asd may be indicative of an association with the sensory abnormalities and social and communication impairments characterizing the disorder.
the three-dimensional raster scan protocol was used to construct a choroidal thickness map.
when the built-in software delineated an erroneous chorioscleral border in the b-scan images , manual segmentation was used.
pediatric choroidal thinning with increasing age in the central area was faster than that in the outer areas.
conclusions : the macular choroidal thickness and volume in the pediatric individuals were significantly larger than those in the adults.
the pediatric choroidal thinning with increasing age is more rapid in the central area.
pediatric choroidal thickness is associated with several systemic or ocular parameters , especially the axial length and body mass index.
these differences should be remembered when the choroidal thickness is evaluated in pediatric patients with retinochoroidal diseases.
however , the signaling cascades that modulate the presence of ribonucleoprotein ( rnp ) complexes in sgs are poorly understood.
aging is associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle mass-sarcopenia-the etiology of which is multifactorial.
further , there appears to be sexual dimorphism with advancing age in the response of mps to amino acid / insulin provision.
maintenance of physical activity during aging is of fundamental importance for skeletal muscle to allow it to appropriately respond to the anabolic effects of nutrition.
the principles of treating rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) have changed considerably in recent years.
disease-modifying treatment ( if possible , methotrexate ) should be started as soon as the diagnosis of ra is made.
the same principles of treatment should apply in the elderly.
however , it is more difficult to assess ra activity in the elderly.
overall disease activity and / or pain may be overestimated , as elderly patients may suffer from other diseases.
conversely , the number of joints with synovitis can be underestimated compared with young patients , and regular ultrasound assessment should therefore be considered.
treatment may be more difficult because of concomitant diseases and the increase in drug-related side effects.
dosages of methotrexate need to be adjusted for creatinine clearance.
the anti-tumor necrosis factors ( tnfs ) appear to be slightly less effective in the elderly.
the frequency of adverse effects of anti-tnfs is higher in an elderly population , although the same is seen with comparator disease-modifying treatments.
limited information is available for rituximab and tocilizumab.
uncertainties remain about the management of ra in the elderly as there have been few studies in this population.
the safety of the biotherapies therefore still needs to be confirmed , together with the benefit-risk balance of corticosteroid therapy compared with biological therapy.
ageing has been associated with changes in cardiac electrophysiology that result in qt interval prolongation.
the effect of age on rate-adaptation dynamics of the qt interval is less well understood.
the aim of this study was to assess age-related changes in the temporal relationship between qt and rr interval variability.
resting ecg of @number@ young and @number@ elderly healthy subjects were analyzed.
beat-to-beat rr and qt interval time series were automatically extracted.
in conclusion , ageing is associated with decoupling of qt variability from heart rate variability.
complexity analysis in addition to standard metrics may provide additional insight.
these include early and postnatal development , injury , cancer , memory , aging , and neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease states.
in this review , we provide a comprehensive discussion of the literature implicating each of the three members of the gadd45 family in these processes.
results : fallers had a shorter step length and slower step velocity than non-fallers.
new mechanisms have been put forth to explain earlier conflicting observations.
this review summarizes ongoing investigations into clinical and basic science studies on rbc storage effects.
other studies investigated putative underlying mechanisms like free iron , inflammation , cytokines , and so on.
many publications include multiple analyses , like different cut-off values for ' old' , or taking into account both oldest and average rbc storage time.
also , more studies correct for possible confounding effects to get a better estimate of associations.
an alarming and ironic observation is that several studies found higher risks with fresh rbcs after correction for confounding.
the results from the first large randomized controlled trials show no differences between old and fresh rbcs.
rbc production factors , previously seldom reported , may play an important role and should be reported.
background : ultrasound elastography allows assessment of tissue elasticity.
to the best of our knowledge , the elastography appearance of muscles in normal children has not been described.
objective : to determine the us elasticity of muscles in children at rest and following exercise.
elastography scores were assigned to each clip based on a five-point color scale.
mean elastography scores and standard deviations were calculated and resting and postexercise elastography scores were compared.
rectus femoris elasticity was higher in males than females ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no significant gender-related difference in postexercise muscle elasticity.
biceps brachii elasticity decreased and rectus femoris elasticity increased with increasing body mass index.
younger subjects had a greater change in muscle elasticity with exercise.
the change in muscle elasticity with exercise is higher in younger children.
hannum and colleagues performed dna methylation sequencing to examine the relationship between dna methylome and aging rate.
notably , they succeeded in building a quantitative and reproducible model based on the epigenetic bio-markers to predict aging rate with high accuracy.
this switch may hold significant implications not just for metastasis , but also for therapy resistance.
ror1 and ror2 are inversely expressed in melanomas and negatively regulate each other.
furthermore , hypoxia initiates a shift of ror1-positive melanomas to a more invasive , ror2-positive phenotype.
notably , this receptor switch induces a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity to braf inhibitors.
in patients with melanoma treated with the braf inhibitor vemurafenib , wnt5a expression correlates with clinical response and therapy resistance.
these data highlight the fact that mechanisms that guide metastatic progression may be linked to those that mediate therapy resistance.
we use entropy to characterize intrinsic ageing properties of the human brain.
we attribute this to the number of excitatory neurons and the excitatory conductance decreasing with age.
incorporating these properties into a computational model leads to quantitatively similar results to the fmri data.
our dataset involved males and females and we found significant differences between them.
the entropy of males at birth was lower than that of females.
major investments in infrastructure and social services have fostered steady economic growth.
health care and education are free.
the predominance of chronic non-communicable diseases and rapid aging of the population nonetheless present significant challenges for public health and the health system.
like the other small island states in the region , the seychelles continue to be threatened by arbovirus outbreaks.
objective : to examine whether established diabetes risk factors and diabetes risk algorithms are associated with future frailty.
design : prospective cohort study.
risk algorithms at baseline ( 1997-1999 ) were the framingham offspring , cambridge , and finnish diabetes risk scores.
setting : civil service departments in london , united kingdom.
participants : there were @number@ participants ( @percent@ men ) aged @number@ to @number@ years at baseline assessment and free of diabetes.
results : after a mean follow-up of @number@ years , @percent@ of the sample was classified as frail and @percent@ as prefrail.
conclusion : selected diabetes risk factors and risk scores are associated with subsequent frailty.
risk scores may have utility for frailty prediction in clinical practice.
the rates of child and adult obesity have increased in most developed countries over the past several decades.
this review considers current knowledge of these potential mechanisms that threaten to create an intergenerational cycle of obesity.
studies consistently show that increasing levels of socioeconomic status ( ses ) and having a familial history of longevity reduce the risk of mortality.
in addition , the mortality hazard rate among farmers decreases more as fel increases than it does for non-farmers.
recent evidence suggests that lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve ( cr ) in normal aging.
however , there is currently no neuroimaging evidence to suggest that lifelong bilinguals can retain normal cognitive functioning in the face of age-related neurodegeneration.
the groups were matched on a range of relevant cognitive test scores and on the established cr variables of education , socioeconomic status and intelligence.
participants underwent high-resolution structural imaging for assessment of gm volume and diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) for assessment of wm integrity.
results indicated significantly lower microstructural integrity in the bilingual group in several wm tracts.
there were no group differences in gm volume.
our results suggest that lifelong bilingualism contributes to cr against wm integrity declines in aging.
both tof and ce-mra images were used to evaluate morphologic features that impact the risk of rupture and the selection of a treatment.
all patients also underwent dsa before or after the mr examination.
results : the ce-mra results were in all cases consistent with the dsa dataset.
no differences were noted between 3d tof-mra and ce-mra concerning the detection and location of the @number@ aneurysms or visualization of the parental artery.
differences were apparent concerning the visualization of morphologic features , especially for large aneurysms ( > 13 mm ) .
an irregular sac shape was demonstrated for @number@ aneurysms on ce-mra but only 13 / 21 aneurysms on 3d tof-mra.
conversely , a neck was visible for only 24 / 34 aneurysms at 3d tof-mra.
3t 3d ce-mra is as accurate and effective as dsa for the evaluation of uias.
numerous health benefits are associated with a physically active population.
this study sought to discover the aerobic activity preferences among older canadians.
sixty age and gender matched healthy controls were chosen from a database of participants enrolled in the nih examiner multi-site study.
children with adhd performed worse on the working memory score compared with the controls.
no differences were found on the cognitive control or fluency scores.
for children with adhd , poorer working memory performance predicted parent report of child learning problems.
cognitive control and fluency scores did not predict learning problems.
in summary , working memory emerges as a primary impairment in children with adhd who have no comorbid disorders.
furthermore , working memory weaknesses may underlie the academic problems often seen in children with adhd.
this issue may be particularly relevant in the aged-care residential sector , where very high rates of depression and poor qol are evident.
poorer qol was predicted by more functional limitations and greater levels of psychological distress.
together these variables accounted for @percent@ of the variance in qol ratings.
in particular , promoting health and mobility , optimising sleep-wake cycles and increasing social support may reduce levels of psychological distress and improve qol.
objective : to improve understanding of the clinical , radiological and pathological characteristics of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia ( afop ) .
methods : the clinical data of @number@ afop patients were retrospectively analyzed.
the clinical , radiological and pathological characteristics of those patients were summarized.
results : among the @number@ patients , @number@ were male and @number@ were female , aging 43-61 years.
they were all subacute onset.
the main clinical manifestations were dyspnea , productive cough , fever and chest pain with hypoxemia via blood gas analysis.
bilateral infiltrates with diffuse and pathy distribution were the predominant features in chest hrct.
all patients were treated by corticosteroids and showed significant clinical and radiological improvement.
conclusions : afop has nospecific features , and its diagnosis depends on pathological examination.
treatment with corticosteroids is optimal.
however , whether it is a unique interstitial disease needs to be further clinically investigated.
dha in plasma is normally positively associated with dha intake.
this review will highlight some metabolic and physiological factors such as ageing and apoe polymorphism that influence dha homeostasis.
compared with young adults , blood dha is often slightly but significantly higher in older adults without any age-related cognitive decline.
higher plasma dha in older adults could be a sign that their fish or dha intake is higher.
apoe4 increases the risk of ad , possibly in part because it too changes dha homeostasis.
ultraviolet b ( uvb ) radiation induces photoageing by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) in human skin cells.
dihydroavenanthramide d ( dhavd ) is a synthetic analog to naturally occurring avenanthramide , which is the active component in oats.
although anti-inflammatory , anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant effects have been reported , the antiphotoageing effects of dhavd are yet to be understood.
western blot and real-time pcr analyses revealed that dhavd inhibited uvb-induced mmp-1 and mmp-3 expression.
it also significantly blocked uvb-induced ros generation in fibroblasts.
additionally , dhavd attenuated uvb-induced phosphorylation of mapks , activation of nf-κb and ap-1.
dhavd regulates uvb-irradiated mmp expression by inhibiting ros-mediated mapk / nf-κb and ap-1 activation.
dhavd may be a useful candidate for preventing uv light-induced skin photoageing.
aim : physical activity ( pa ) patterns of retirement village residents were investigated using self-report and objective measures.
most participants wore accelerometers for @number@ days.
retirement village managers ( n = @number@ ) were surveyed on village descriptive characteristics , including the provision of amenities and facilities.
logistic regression models examined village and resident characteristics associated with pa.
results : based on objective measurement , only @percent@ of participants were sufficiently active ( n = @number@ ) .
walking was one of the most popular pa modes.
few village characteristics were associated with pa ; however , villages located in more walkable neighbourhoods increased participants ' odds of transport walking.
travelling outside the village daily also increased pa odds.
conclusions : most residents were insufficiently active to gain health benefits.
considering individual and environmental factors , within the retirement village and neighbourhood settings , and associations with pa , warrants attention.
stroke educational campaigns are used worldwide but there are few published evaluations of such campaigns.
methods : the literature from @number@ to @number@ on the effectiveness of stroke educational campaigns was reviewed and summarized with narrative synthesis.
web-based campaigns were also described.
three databases and one search engine were explored with two keywords ( stroke campaign and stroke promotion ) .
the reference lists of all included articles were also examined.
results : twenty-two intervention studies and five web-based campaigns were included in the review.
most interventions proved partially effective , in terms of gender preference ( women ) or type of information retained or media preferred.
only one intervention proved ineffective.
three community-based participatory stroke promotion interventions proved partially effective , but the small sample sizes might have underpowered the results.
web-based campaigns are efficient in reaching a large number of people but tend to attract a selected and self-selected population.
conclusions : stroke educational campaigns have the potential to improve knowledge and awareness and change the behavior of a large number of people.
health promoters and investigators must adopt flexibility and participatory mentality to develop cost-effective interventions.
both community-based campaigns and e-tools should be integrated within a comprehensive multifaceted stroke promotion strategy to expand their reach.
the knowledge on the molecular aspects regulating ageing in eukaryotic organisms has benefitted greatly from studies using the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.
indeed , many aspects involved in the control of lifespan appear to be well conserved among species.
here , we present an overview on the molecular mechanisms by which these interventions mediate lifespan extension in yeast.
several models have been proposed in the literature , which should be seen as complementary , instead of contradictory.
results indicate that cr mediates a large amount of its effect by downregulating signalling through the torc1-sch9 branch.
influenza and its complications disproportionately affect the elderly , leading to high morbidity and mortality in this ever-increasing population.
loss of healthy bone tissue and dysosteogenesis are still common and significant problems in clinics.
aging is associated with a reduced capability of the immune system to adequately respond to pathogens and to prevent tumor formation.
as a consequence of immunosenescence , older people have a higher risk to develop infections as well as cancer.
in addition , cancer itself may expose old patients to infections , including opportunistic infections , i.e. pseudomonas aeruginosa , aspergillus fumigatus and cytomegalovirus infection.
the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce neutropenia-related infectious complications in patients with cancer is still object to debate.
aging is a complex phenomenon involving multiple physiological functions.
we herein describe the age-dependent alterations observed in the various arms of the immune system.
both innate and adaptive immunity are compromised during aging , a condition where an inflammatory status contributes to promote immune suppression and tumour growth.
collectively , aging of the immune system may produce detrimental consequences on the response against tumours in old patients.
in fact , preclinical studies and clinical observations in humans have demonstrated age-associated alterations in antitumor immunity.
the clinical experience in elderly patients is still in its infancy , but available data indicate that these approaches are feasible and promising.
longitudinal studies on aged healthy and cancer persons and the use of new immunological techniques may be required to clarify these issues.
furthermore , a characteristic of aging is the progressive deterioration of immune function known as immunosenescence.
in addition to the increased risk of occurrence of cancer among older patients , they are more predisposed to poor outcomes after definitive treatment.
therapies , outcomes and mortality are often influenced by age and elderly must have a specific and a multidisciplinary approach.
cancer occurs frequently in association of one or more other chronic diseases , that affect the efficacy of various treatment interventions.
because of the potential morbidity associated with surgery , the use of mini-invasive techniques have expanded considerably.
aging should not be viewed as a difficulty to definitive therapeutic option.
most clinical trials exclude elderly patients from accrual considering aging a potential risk factor.
results : data from analyzed studies , both gastro esophageal and pancreatic cancer , are contradictory.
in some reports elderly patients don't seem to bring greater toxicity than younger.
other trials consider that dose-adjustment to renal function is need in elderly patients , but these trials are very few.
other trials may include several biases such as accrual of \ "only fit \ " elderly patients.
for these valuation chronological age alone is not sufficient.
another very important factor in elderly cancer patients is the geriatric assessment including not only age but also functional , social and mental status.
this study aimed to determine the correlates of depression among a community based elderly population.
methods : the study population made up of @number@ consenting participants was selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique.
both the english and yoruba versions of the study instruments were used depending on the level of education of the participants.
further research is needed to shed light on the intriguing link between depression and associated factors in geriatric population.
a phase iii clinical trial on osteoporosis showed that eldecalcitol reduced the incidence of new vertebral fractures over @number@ years by @percent@ compared with alfacalcidol.
this article reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of eldecalcitol in the treatment of osteoporosis.
methods : homebound older adults receiving meal service who endorsed depressive symptoms were interviewed to assess depression severity and rates of suicidal ideation.
open door is a brief psychosocial intervention to improve engagement in mental health treatment by collaboratively addressing the individual level barriers to care.
conclusion : individuals who endorse depressive symptoms during screening are likely to have clinically significant depression and need mental health treatment.
the open door intervention offers a strategy to overcome barriers to mental health treatment engagement and to improve the odds of quality care for depression.
background and aim : the use of transdermal therapeutic systems has spread worldwide since they allow effective local drug delivery.
as for facial ecchymosis and hematoma around the needle injection track , only two patients in the active treatment group displayed minimal ecchymosis and hematoma.
in the control group , two patients presented minimal ecchymosis and three slight hematoma.
however , using the ecchymosis / hematoma score , no significant difference between betesil® and aescin @percent@ cream groups was observed.
patients ' satisfaction was significantly higher among subjects receiving betesil® , if compared to patients receiving aescin @percent@ cream ( p < @number@ ) .
human mesenchymal stem cell ( hmsc ) aging may lead to a reduced tissue regeneration capacity and a decline in physiological functions.
however , the molecular mechanisms controlling hmsc aging in the context of prelamin a accumulation are not completely understood.
direct binding of mir-141-3p to the @number@'utr of zmpste24 transcripts was confirmed using a @number@'utr-luciferase reporter assay.
this study provides new insights into mechanisms regulating msc aging and may have implications for therapeutic application to reduce age-associated msc pool exhaustion.
participants underwent lung function and laboratory testing , including measurement of scysc levels.
relationships between scysc concentration and indices of lung function were assessed by multiple regression analysis.
the findings indicate that high scysc levels were directly associated with decreased lung function in elderly chinese men with copd.
removing or replacing interword spaces slowed reading times and impaired normal eye movement behavior for both age groups.
cranial and dentoalveolar morphologies exhibit a high degree of diversity , but the causes of variation are still relatively unexplored.
the resulting changes in dentognathic size and shape are substantial and need to be taken into account in comparative taxonomic analyses of isolated hominin mandibles.
material and methods : forty-two patients were admitted to our clinic with signs of ldh and underwent surgery for ldh at @number@ ivd levels.
in all cases , specimens for histological and immunohistochemical analyses were removed from the ivd space.
lumbar ivd degeneration on mri of the @number@ ivds from which surgical specimens had been obtained was classified into five grades using the pfirrmann classification.
results : in the degenerated ivd , the expression of mmp-3 , mri grading and histopathological alterations of the ivd displayed significant correlation.
increased age is closely related with aforementioned alterations.
there was no correlation between mmp-3 expression and age , gender and duration of the pain.
conclusion : for evaluating and treating ivd degeneration , mri is a good and non-invasive diagnostic tool to determine the severity of degeneration.
mmp- @date@ be a therapeutic target of the degenerated ivd.
the reproductive sequelae of cancer treatments may provide an important model of accelerated ovarian aging.
tens of thousands of women treated for cancer each year experience infertility and early menopause as a result of treatment.
a woman's reproductive lifespan can be shortened after chemotherapy or radiation because such treatments likely decrease the number of viable eggs after treatment.
the degree of reproductive impairment is dependent on chronologic age and the diagnosis or treatment.
the variation in outcomes that persist may be partially explained by pretreatment ovarian reserve.
menopause , while the end of reproduction , also represents a major hormonal , psychological and physiological event in the lives of all women.
several studies have suggested an association between the age of menopause and longevity.
additionally , cellular and molecular mechanisms of general aging have been suggested to play a vital role in ovarian aging.
the ability to identify these women would be critically important if decreased ovarian reserve were associated with increased long-term health risks.
most studies are cross sectional and take place within specific subpopulations.
antral follicle count and anti-mullerian hormone have been shown to be the best indicators of a woman's total follicular reserve.
ovarian volume , inhibin b , estradiol , and follicle-stimulating hormone are less helpful.
antral follicle count and anti-mullerian hormone decrease with age and have been used to attempt to predict the length of the fertile window.
predicting the reproductive lifespan of an individual woman remains an elusive , yet clinically important , goal.
future longitudinal and histological investigations are necessary to improve the accuracy of models of reproductive aging.
ovarian reserve and its utilization , over a reproductive life span , are determined by genetic , epigenetic , and environmental factors.
soon after implantation , cell lineages bifurcate into future somatic and germ cells.
the balance between cell survival and death leaves an ovarian follicular reserve as a legacy.
how older people spend their time in different occupations could contribute to our understanding of everyday life in healthy ageing.
this study adopted a time-geographic method and occupational perspective to explore the occupational engagement of community dwelling older people.
the diary data were analyzed using daily life software program.
in the past several decades , some risk factors for cardiovascular disease have improved , while others have worsened.
for example , smoking rates have dropped and treatment rates for cardiovascular disease have increased-factors that have made the disease less fatal.
recent scientific advances suggest that slowing the aging process ( senescence ) is now a realistic goal.
yet most medical research remains focused on combating individual diseases.
delayed aging could increase life expectancy by an additional @number@ years , most of which would be spent in good health.
the economic value of delayed aging is estimated to be $ 7.1 trillion over fifty years.
in contrast , addressing heart disease and cancer separately would yield diminishing improvements in health and longevity by @number@ mainly due to competing risks.
delayed aging would greatly increase entitlement outlays , especially for social security.
however , these changes could be offset by increasing the medicare eligibility age and the normal retirement age for social security.
the institute of medicine offers a road map for reforming the \ "chaotic and costly \ " delivery of cancer care in the united states.
in this introduction , we outline current goals and approaches that will be described in more detail elsewhere in this issue.
the ultimate goal of this process is to expand access to well tolerated and effective lifetime treatment to all those in need.
background : different conditions in health services utilization may create situations of inequity.
the objective was analyze the differences of nurse consultation utilization in primary care.
methods : cross-sectional study , in @number@ health centres in madrid.
environmental variables , consultation characteristics , socio-demographic and health need characteristics were collected.
the quality of life and satisfaction were also studied.
the variables were classified according to the \ "behavioral model \ " in predisposing , enabling or need variables.
explanatory multivariate models were constructed ( ) .
the improved perception of quality of life was associated with a reduction of @percent@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @percent@ ) of the consultations.
until recently , the mechanisms underlying these effects were poorly understood.
purpose of review : ghrelin is a multifaceted gut hormone that activates its receptor , growth hormone secretagogue receptor ( ghs-r ) .
ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on growth hormone release , food intake and fat deposition.
ghrelin is famously known as the ' hunger hormone'.
however , ample recent literature indicates that the functions of ghrelin go well beyond its role as an orexigenic signal.
here , we have reviewed some of the most recent findings on ghrelin and its signalling in animals and humans.
recent findings : ghrelin regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin secretion and regulating gluconeogenesis / glycogenolysis.
ghrelin signalling decreases thermogenesis to regulate energy expenditure.
ghrelin improves the survival prognosis of myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic nerve activity.
ghrelin prevents muscle atrophy by inducing muscle differentiation and fusion.
ghrelin regulates bone formation and metabolism by modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
these multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin and ghs-r highly attractive targets for drug development.
background : fear of falling ( fof ) is common in older people and associated with serious physical and psychosocial consequences.
identifying those at risk of fof can help target interventions to both prevent falls and reduce fof.
objective : to identify factors associated with fof.
study design : cross-sectional study in @number@ community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years.
logistic regression models of increasing complexity identified factors associated with fof.
results : high fof ( short fes-i ≥11 ) was reported by @percent@.
conclusions : a range of factors identify those with fof.
objective : dementia is common and often undiagnosed.
improving rates of diagnosis has become a key part of current dementia guidelines.
older people admitted to hospital are a potential target population for screening for dementia.
design : a systematic review was performed by an initial electronic database search using three key search criteria.
studies were then selected in a systematic fashion using specific predetermined criteria.
pooled meta-analysis was performed.
demographic data as well as sensitivity and specificity were recorded from the selected studies.
conclusion : a small number of instruments have been validated for screening for dementia in general hospital.
understanding strengths and weaknesses of currently available instruments allows informed decisions about screening in this setting.
in many studies , resveratrol has been shown to have a chemopreventive effect in various types of cancer cells.
however , the biological activity of resveratrol is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability.
hypoxic condition induced hif-1α protein level in pc-3 cells in a time-dependent manner , and treatment with hs-1793 markedly decreased hif-1α expression levels.
hs-1793 also inhibited vegf level.
mechanistically , hs-1793 inhibited hif-1α and vegf expression through multiple mechanisms.
firstly , hs-1793 inhibited phosphorylation of pi3k and akt in pc-3 cells.
furthermore , hs-1793 substantially induced hif-1α protein degradation through the proteasome pathway.
finally , hs-1793 inhibited hypoxia-induced pc-3 cell migration.
these data suggest that hs- @date@ inhibit human prostate cancer progression and angiogenesis by inhibiting the expression of hif-1α and vegf.
moreover , hs-1793 showed more potent effects than resveratrol on the cytotoxic effects on pc-3 cells.
human cyclic amp response modulator proteins ( crems ) are encoded by the crem gene , which generates @number@ or more different crem protein isoforms.
they are members of the leucine zipper protein superfamily of nuclear transcription factors.
crem proteins are known to be implicated in a plethora of important cellular processes within the cns.
amazingly , little is known about their cellular and regional distribution in the brain , however.
crem immunoreactivity was found to be widely but unevenly distributed in the adult human brain.
its localization was confined to neurons.
in immature human brains , crem multiple neuroblasts and radial glia cells expressed crem.
in alzheimer's brain , we found an increased cellular expression of crem in dentate gyrus neurons as compared to controls.
we discuss our results with regard to the putative roles of crem in brain development and in cognition.
with the aging case management workforce , bringing up younger professionals is a vitally current issue.
traditional mentoring focuses on sponsorship and coaching.
is this enough to bring passion in the younger generation ?
adding the model of \ "reverse mentoring \ " may be key in engaging these professionals.
reverse mentoring focuses on knowledge sharing and leadership development.
telomere length can be considered as a biological marker for cell proliferation and aging.
obesity is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and proliferation as well as with shorter telomeres in adipose tissue.
telomere length in adipocytes was shorter than in whole adipose tissue.
telomere length of adipocytes but not whole adipose tissue correlated negatively with waist and adipocyte size , which was still significant after correction for age.
telomere length of whole adipose tissue associated negatively with fibrosis as determined by collagen content.
low physical performance and activity limitations are more prevalent in patients with ckd , regardless of age , compared to older community-dwelling adults.
no association of sg-bpa with fsh or ov was observed.
selective attention , an essential part of daily activity , is often impaired in people with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
usually , it is measured by the color-word stroop test.
we found a significant increase in stroop effects for ad patients , across studies.
this ad-related change was associated with a slowing in sop.
we also suggest possible measures and tools to better test for selective attention in ad.
how old one feels-one's subjective age-has been shown to predict important psychological and health outcomes.
the current studies examined the effect of taking a standard memory test on older adults ' subjective age.
finally , study @number@ showed that simply expecting to take a memory test subjectively aged older adults.
the results indicate that being in a memory-testing context affects older adults ' self-perception by making them feel older.
objective : the aim of this study is to explore the spectral patterns of spontaneous magnetoencephalography ( meg ) activity across the lifespan.
this trend was observed until the sixth decade of life , though only slight changes were found.
additionally , healthy aging was characterized by a power increase in low-frequency bands.
significance : our findings provide original insights into the definition of the ' normal ' behavior of age-related meg spectral patterns.
salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase are known to have distinctive diurnal profiles.
however , little is known about systematic changes in these biomarkers across the adult lifespan.
samples were taken upon waking , @number@ min later , and then approximately every @number@ h until @time@ .
further , older age was related to greater daily alpha-amylase output and attenuated wake-evening slopes.
no age differences were observed regarding the alpha-amylase awakening response.
our findings may contribute to a better understanding of age-related differences in functioning of stress-related systems.
we aimed to investigate the temporal and regional evolution of gm volume loss over 5years and its relationship with disability progression in early ppms.
patients were scored on the expanded disability status scale ( edss ) and ms functional composite ( msfc ) at each time-point.
an unbiased longitudinal voxel-based morphometry approach , based on high-dimensional spatial alignment within-subject , was applied to the serial imaging data.
the rate of local ( voxel-wise ) volume change per year was compared between groups and its relationship with clinical outcomes was assessed.
patients deteriorated significantly during the five years follow-up.
longitudinal vbm demonstrated that the progression of gm atrophy in ppms occurs at different rates in different regions across the brain.
functional state of the red blood system is being studied in patients with adenoma and carcinoma of thyroid gland.
functional state of the red blood system is being studied in patients with adenoma and carcinoma of thyroid gland.
spherulation degree is considered as biological age and along with the volume determines the probability of their elimination from circulating bed.
this parameter may be determined as a marker of individual radiosensitivity and probability of developing cancer.
the neurobiological mechanisms modulating stress may share common pathways with appetite regulation and consequent obesity.
the orexigenic hormone , ghrelin may moderate anxiety and stress-related eating behavior.
subjects included @number@ obese but otherwise healthy adult women.
subjects were divided into two groups based on the relative direction of ghrelin response to a standard meal.
ghrelin and cortisol responses were correlated , r ( @number@ ) = 0.558 , p = .016.
neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder ( mdd ) may differ depending on age-of-onset.
our aim was to compare patients who differ in age-of-onset , while controlling for illness duration , and number of depressive episodes.
cross-sectional comparison of cortical thickness in eod vs. lod.
age-of-onset was determined based on self-report , with eod defined as onset prior to age @number@
eod is associated with greater disturbances in cortical thickness than lod , even when duration of illness and other factors are controlled.
these results provide novel insights on how development of depression is differentiated by age.
unlabelled : the purpose of this study was to understand how neighbourhoods - as physical and social environments - influence community mobility.
seeking an insider's perspective , the study employed an ethnographic research design.
implications for rehabilitation : identity and social engagement are important social factors that play a role in community mobility.
to effectively promote community mobility , the social lives and needs of individuals must be addressed.
background : the global trend of increased life expectancy and increased prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases will impact on health systems.
longitudinal ( 3-5 yearly ) follow-up is planned.
cognitive function and reserve , semantic memory , and pre-morbid intelligence are assessed.
clinically relevant results are provided to all participants.
unlabelled : ( @number@ ) f-fp- ( + ) -dtbz is a novel pet radiotracer targeting vesicular monoamine transporter type @number@ ( vmat2 ) .
a total number of @number@ brain vois were selected for quantitation analysis.
regional percentage sur to that of anterior putamen was calculated.
average sur images were displayed in 2d and 3d space to illustrate the image patterns.
the correlation between age and regional vmat2 uptake was also examined.
quantification analysis revealed striatal vmat2 density of anterior putamen > posterior putamen > caudate nucleus.
no significant correlation of sur to age was found in subcortical regions.
the in vivo imaging characteristics of vmat2 is consistent with the expression of vmat2 in a recent autopsy study.
each metabolite reflects a distinct intracellular process.
the t2s of n-acetylaspartate , total creatine , and total choline were @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ shorter in elderly than in young subjects.
importantly , wipi-1 , an autophagy-relevant pi3p probe , still formed some puncta upon starvation-induced autophagy in vps34 knockout mefs.
given these findings , class ii pi3ks ( α and β isoforms ) were examined as potential positive regulators of autophagy.
several recent gene expression studies identified hundreds of genes that are correlated with age in brain and other tissues in human.
however , these studies used linear models of age correlation , which are not well equipped to model abrupt changes associated with particular ages.
background and aims : sporadic colorectal cancer ( crc ) development is a sequential process showing age-dependency , uncontrolled epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis.
during juvenile growth cellular proliferation and apoptosis are well balanced , which may be perturbed upon aging.
our aim was to correlate proliferative and apoptotic activities in aging human colonic epithelium and colorectal cancer.
we also tested the underlying molecular biology concerning the proliferation- and apoptosis-regulating gene expression alterations.
measured alterations were confirmed with rt-pcr both on dependent and independent sample sets ( n1 = @number@ n2 = @number@ n3 = @number@ ) .
therefore , cell kinetic alterations during colorectal cancer development show uncontrolled rejuvenescence as opposed to the controlled cell growth in juvenile colonic epithelium.
the aim of the study was to investigate the development of a rhythmical skill of children aged from @number@ to @number@ years old.
task performances , racket oscillation , ball-racket impacts as well as the ball-racket coupling were analysed.
the results showed a change in both performance and behaviour at the age of @number@ years old.
before this age , children exhibited restricted perceptual-motor coordination with a high frequency of racket oscillation and a poor level of performance.
after the age of @number@ cycle-to-cycle adaptive coordination based on visual information was progressively acquired leading to increasing performance levels with age.
conclusion : our findings suggest that carotid plaques are a strong predictor of stable cad.
however , cimt-cb could predict stable cad only in patients over @number@ years of age.
however , there are few studies using psychophysiological methods published that describe the effects of krill oil on brain function.
we investigated the influence of ingestion of krill oil on cognitive function in elderly subjects by using near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography.
methods : a randomized , double-blind , parallel-group comparative study design was adopted.
changes in oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the cerebral cortex during memory and calculation tasks were measured.
the p300 component of event-related potentials was also measured during a working memory task.
the differential value for p300 latency in the krill oil group was significantly lower than that in the medium-chain triglyceride group at week @number@
conclusion : this study provides evidence that n-3 pufas activate cognitive function in the elderly.
the number of adults above sixty-five years of age in the united states will expand considerably over the next thirty years.
however , many dentists believe that their dental education did not adequately prepare them to treat an older adult population.
in this study , information was gathered from the websites of sixty-two u.s. dental schools in order to understand the types of geriatric courses offered.
only about @number@ percent of the schools offer a continuing education course in geriatrics at any one time.
previous studies have shown that clinical training is the most effective method of increasing students ' confidence in treating older patients.
consequently , dental schools should work to incorporate clinical experience into geriatric education to prevent widening an existing gap in older adult oral health care.
measurements were self-reported questionnaires , biochemical measures , and clinical measures.
of the @number@ participants , @number@ participants completed the epworth sleepiness scale questionnaire.
the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness was @percent@ overall and this was higher in males.
a novel computational model of personalized metabolic changes in cancer was outlined with applications in patients with breast cancer.
imaging metabolic characteristics of tumors by mri and ( @number@ ) c-nuclear magnetic resonance was described.
the cancer metabolism regulation related to o-linked β-n-acetylglucosame was described.
dna hypermethylation and impaired hematopoietic differentiation in aml after isocitrate dehydrogenase @date@ mutation and 2-hydroxyglutarate increases were outlined.
overall , unresolved losses and / or mismanagement of life's stresses were found to be the most significant predictors of late-life problematic gambling.
in addition , community-level recreational and social opportunities to combat isolation are identified.
recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy have led to higher cure rates for female children and adolescents with cancer.
however , these treatments adversely affect germ cell survival , and ovarian failure is thus a probable side effect of these anticancer therapies.
thus there is a pressing need for the development of fertility preservation methods for these individuals.
ovarian tissue collection is independent of patient age and social or personal conditions.
despite being widely accepted potential techniques for fertility preservation , iva and ivm of human primordial follicles to obtain fertilizable eggs remains far from reality.
this chapter highlights the current achievements and obstacles in obtaining growing follicles through activation of dormant follicles.
its primary function , to deposit the histone mark h3k27me3 , promotes transcriptional repression.
the activity of ezh2 influences cell fate regulation , namely the balance between self-renewal and differentiation.
the contribution of aberrant ezh2 expression to tumorigenesis by directing cells toward a cancer stem cell ( csc ) state is increasingly recognized.
however , its role in hematological malignancies is complex.
the reduction of csc self-renewal via ezh2 inhibition offers a potentially attractive therapeutic approach to counter the aberrant activation found in lymphoma and leukemia.
the discovery of small molecules that specifically inhibit ezh2 raises the exciting possibility of exploiting the oncogenic addiction of tumor cells toward this protein.
however , interference with the tumor-suppressor role of wild-type ezh2 must be avoided.
this review examines the role of ezh2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and recent developments in harnessing the therapeutic potential of ezh2 inhibition.
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
worldwide progressive population aging demands consensus development for decision making when treating elderly patients.
age itself might not be a critical determinant for the selection of a therapeutic option.
sorafenib was demonstrated to significantly increase the survival of patients with advanced hcc in two prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled trials.
there is no standard treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer.
even the definition is still unclear.
locally advanced disease may refer to over-staged well-curable tumors as well as to advanced and probably incurable cancers.
similar uncertainties are present regarding the definition of ' old ' in this context.
conservatively treated locally advanced prostate cancer is associated with poor survival outcome.
on the other hand , functional results after prostate cancer treatment are worse in elderly patients.
a collective memory is a representation of the past that is shared by members of a group.
they also estimated the percentage of people that would share their memory of each event within their age group and the other age group.
whereas younger adults recalled more specific events of short duration , older adults recalled more extended and summarized events of long duration.
several isoforms of apolipoprotein j / clusterin ( clu ) are encoded from a single gene located on chromosome @number@ in humans.
nuclear clu , a truncated clu formed by alternative splicing , is responsible for promoting apoptosis via a bax-dependent pathway.
however , the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct roles of clu in a variety of conditions remain unclear.
purpose : the impact of cataract maturity on the aqueous humor ( ah ) oxidant / antioxidant balance is largely controversial.
this study was aimed at assessing the relationships between cataract maturity and ah lipid peroxidation markers and enzymatic antioxidants.
the llf was negatively correlated with sod ( r = -0.461 ; p = 0.010 ) .
conclusions : these results suggest that ah lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants may significantly depend on the cataract maturity stage.
renal dysfunction ( rd ) is a frequent comorbid condition and a major determinant of outcomes in patients with heart failure ( hf ) .
renal dysfunction in hf has been attributed , among others , to biochemical , hormonal , and hemodynamic factors , coupled with pharmacological interventions.
to identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids , we examined @number@ individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays.
using dense genotyping in individuals of european , east asian , south asian and african ancestry , we narrow association signals in @number@ loci.
background : the identification and assessment of adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) is very challenging especially among the older person.
inter observer reliability of an adr classification system by different healthcare providers is vital to establish the validity of the reaction.
methods : from a cohort of @number@ elderly patients , patients who experienced a suspected medication related incident ( n = 87 ) were selected.
fleiss ' kappa was used to assess the level of agreement between the four raters.
the difference in level of agreement between the professions was assessed using the weighted least-squares approach for comparing correlated kappa of barnhart et al.
results : pharmacists and physicians showed high agreement in the identification and on the type and causality of adrs.
a multi-disciplinary approach would enable each profession to share their expert knowledge in order to facilitate better or safer patient care.
the risk increased significantly while delirium was associated with these two baseline characteristics ( or = 4.76 with p = 0.001 ) .
kaplan-meier distributions of discharge differed significantly between participants who had or not the combination of the @number@ criteria ( p < 0.007 ) .
conclusions : vitamin d deficiency , delirium and male gender were significant risk factors for a longer los in the studied sample of older inpatients.
objectives : the purpose of this paper is to present expert's positions on the main aspects of the frailty syndrome in the older persons.
results : frailty is widely recognized as an important risk factor for adverse health outcomes in older persons.
this can be of particular value in evaluating non-disabled older persons with chronic diseases but today no operational definition has been established.
nutritional status , mobility , activity , strength , endurance , cognition , and mood have been proposed as markers of frailty.
frailty appears to be secondary to multiple conditions using multiple pathways leading to a vulnerability to a stressor.
presence of frailty should also be taken into account in the definition of the cardiovascular risks in the older population.
conclusion : frailty in older adults is a syndrome corresponding to a vulnerability to a stressor.
an agreement with an international common definition is necessary to develop screening and to reduce the morbidity in older persons.
all medicinal and non- medicinal prescriptions were recorded at inclusion and will be followed up over @number@ years via an ecrf.
data recorded at baseline are presented in this paper.
results : two hundred and sixty gps enrolled @number@ evaluable patients between @date@ and @date@ .
pain was mainly of a mechanical nature , due to osteoarthritis or common back pain.
@percent@ of the patients had moderate or severe pain.
only @percent@ received step @number@ analgesics ; this rate remained low even in patients with severe pain.
the proportion of patients treated with an antiepileptic was higher in case of neuropathic pain.
more than @percent@ of patients did not receive any analgesic medication.
conclusion : the baseline s.ages study results exhibit a well-balanced therapeutic management of chronic pain by gps for ambulatory elderly patients.
clinicaltrials.org nct01065909.
results : a total of @number@ subjects completed the study ( n = 16 , fcr and n = 15 , control ) .
no significant changes in mean depression scores were observed.
weight , bmi and percent body fat were reduced by @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@ respectively in the fcr group.
conclusions : our findings show that a fcr dietary regime is effective in improving mood states and nutritional status among ageing men.
in addition to lnfat , ltpa , diabetes , cvd , walking speed , and other covariates were measured biannually over an 8-year period.
stratified estimates of effects were obtained using subject status ( e.g. , age≥75 years , diabetes , cvd ) at each visit.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : thirteen health examination centres in eastern france.
multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between ef impairment and performance on the tug and grip strength.
results : ef impairment , assessed using the clock drawing test , was present in @percent@ of participants.
additionally , ef impairment was associated with worse performance on the tug ( p < 0.0001 ) .
the use of the clock drawing test is an easy to administer measure of ef that can be used routinely in comprehensive fall risk evaluations.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) and other related dementia represent a major challenge for health care systems within the aging population.
in this area , information and communication technologies ( ict ) are of particular interest.
such techniques enable accurate and standardized assessments of patients ' performance and actions in real time and real life situations.
the aim of this article is to provide basic recommendation concerning the development and the use of ict for alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
the expert panel included geriatrician , epidemiologist , neurologist , psychiatrist , psychologist , ict engineers , representatives from the industry and patient association.
methods : intervention studies were searched for using six electronic databases for english-language publications from @date@ to @date@ .
results : nine studies were eligible for inclusion.
the strength and quality of the evidence was moderate ( six studies with level ii intervention evidence , five with positive quality ) .
types of interventions used were highly varied.
the majority of interventions were delivered to informal carers ( @number@ studies ) , with three of these studies also involving older adult care recipients.
background : obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is associated with increased oxidative stress.
certain essential trace minerals have shown to play an important role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis.
methods : we enrolled @number@ patients with newly diagnosed mild to moderate osa and @number@ without osa.
significant differences in all the above parameters were also found in patients with moderate osa compared to those with mild osa.
furthermore , ahi values correlated significantly with neck circumference , gpx activity , and mda , hs-crp , and tnf-α concentrations in osa patients.
conclusions : abnormal concentrations of these trace minerals may reflect oxidative damage and inflammatory response , thus increasing the severity of osa.
methods : we analyzed data on @number@ adults aged @number@ to @number@ years from the sacramento area latino study on aging.
logistic regression modeled prevalent diabetes.
results : adjusting for age and gender , we observed significant but divergent associations between immigrant generation , acculturation , and diabetes risk.
greater us acculturation , however , was associated with a slightly decreased diabetes rate.
in the full model adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors , the association between generation ( but not acculturation ) and diabetes remained significant.
conclusions : our study lends support to the previously contested notion that assimilation is associated with an increased diabetes risk in mexican immigrants.
researchers should examine the presence of a causal link between assimilation and health more closely.
background : individuals with mental illness are highly vulnerable to personal health and safety threats.
resolution : this project was conducted between @date@ and @date@ .
our approach included direct observation , literature review , meeting discussions , and data compilation.
results : the post-intervention fall incidence rate for mentally ill residents was @percent@ , which was significantly better than our target.
conclusions : we reviewed plans and improved the fall-prevention strategy for mentally ill residents of long-term care facilities.
this project provides a reference for care program planners and administrators.
background : strategies to improve influenza vaccine protection among elderly individuals are an important research priority.
mindfulness-based stress reduction ( mbsr ) and exercise have been shown to affect aspects of immune function in some populations.
we hypothesized that influenza vaccine responses may be enhanced with meditation or exercise training as compared with controls.
results : no differences in vaccine responses were found comparing control to mbsr or exercise.
individuals achieving seroprotective levels of influenza antibody ≥160 units had higher optimism , less anxiety , and lower perceived stress than the nonresponders.
age correlated with influenza antibody responses , but not with ifnγ or il-10 production.
conclusion : the mbsr and exercise training evaluated in this study failed to enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine.
however , optimism , perceived stress , and anxiety were correlated in the expected directions with antibody responses to influenza vaccine.
each participant received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine after @number@ weeks , and had blood draws prior to and @number@ and @number@ weeks after immunization.
serum influenza antibody , nasal immunoglobulin a , and peripheral blood mononuclear cell interferon-γ ( ifnγ ) and interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) concentrations were measured.
measures of optimism , perceived stress , and anxiety were obtained over the course of the study.
seroprotection was defined as an influenza antibody concentration≥160 units.
vaccine responses were compared using anova , t tests , and kruskal-wallis tests.
the correlation between vaccine responses and age was examined with the pearson test.
changes occur in our body through out life.
decreased visual acuity is probably the most common effect of age-related anatomical and neurological changes in the eyes and the visual pathway.
however , this case is an exception as at the age of @number@ years , his power of accommodation has returned to normal.
the improvement in accommodation and visual acuity is hard to explain.
likely explanations given need to be further investigated.
as well , we review developmental and childhood acquired disorders that involve a failure of regulatory homeostasis.
activation shifted from a rostral / anterior to a more dorsal / posterior location with increasing age and accuracy during interference.
inclusion of age and accuracy accounted for almost all of the unexplained variance in location of interference-related activation within mfc.
this pattern links improvement of performance-monitoring capacity to age-related increases in posterior mfc and decreases in anterior mfc activation.
taken together , these results show the maturation of performance monitoring capacity to depend on more focal engagement of posterior mfc substrate for cognitive control.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognition.
these clinical features are due in part to the increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that mediate neurotoxic effects.
study objectives : to determine the combined effects of aging and propofol on autonomic nervous system activity using heart rate variability ( hrv ) analysis.
design : prospective , two-parallel group , repeated-measures study.
setting : operating room of an academic hospital.
all patients were scheduled for general surgical procedures with general anesthesia.
secondary outcomes were bis values , blood pressure , heart rate , respiratory rate , and body temperature.
such an effect was not associated with a significant difference in systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) decrements between the younger and older groups.
within each group , propofol caused significant decreases in sbp compared with preinduction values.
heart rate did not change significantly during propofol administration between groups or within groups.
conclusions : propofol and aging act in synergy to depress the activity of the cardiovascular component of the autonomic nervous system.
however , a compensatory increase in sympathetic outflow was seen in young patients.
such counterbalance was not observed in the older group.
scavenging and reverse transport of atherogenic oxidized lipids by high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) was recently suggested to contribute to atheroprotection.
analysis of oxidized lipids in isolated hdl and ldl ( oxldllipids ) was based on the determination of conjugated dienes.
oxidized ldl was measured also with a method based on antibodies against oxidized apo-b ( oxldlprot ) .
serum lipids and risk factors were measured.
in men , oxhdllipids were also associated inversely with insulin ( partial r ( @number@ ) = 1.1% ) .
higher levels of oxhdllipids are additionally associated with higher oxldllipid levels.
in men , higher insulin levels are also associated with lower oxhdllipid levels.
the population of the united states and most industrialized nations is undergoing rapid expansion of persons aged @number@ years and older.
this group experiences more illness , disability , and dependency than young adults and consumes the majority of heath care resources.
this demographic change presents a number of challenges to current research infrastructure aimed at translating discoveries to improved human health.
in particular , complexity must be represented within research design and embraced as an important aspect of review panel critiques.
current therapies target the immune system but do not specifically target aa-related inflammatory pathway.
corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are frequently associated with immunomodulatory therapies to treat flu-like adverse effects.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by a deficit in motor and spatial learning-memory and alteration of non-cognitive behavior.
a novel app / ps1 mouse model in the senescence accelerated mouse prone @number@ ( samp8 ) background samp8 app / ps1 was generated.
everyday walking is often interrupted by obstacles and changes in the environment that make gait a highly non-stationary process.
this index is based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method.
we hypothesized that a higher ssi would indicate a more stable gait pattern and could be used to assess fall risk.
in each condition , the subjects wore a small , light-weight sensor ( i.e. , a @number@ dimensional accelerometer ) on their lower back.
the ssi was significantly higher ( p ≤ @number@ ) in the controls than in the fallers in all three walking conditions.
the ssi was significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) lower for both the controls and the fallers during obstacle walking compared with baseline walking.
this finding is consistent with a less stable step pattern during obstacle negotiation walking.
as a result , age at onset and motor and non-motor features of lrrk2-pd patients were similar to ipd patients except for milder non-motor symptoms.
in contrast , gba-pd patients had a significantly younger age at onset and higher unified parkinson's disease rating scale scores than lrrk2-pd and ipd patients.
our study represents the first large-scale clinical study of lrrk2-pd and gba-pd in ethnic chinese individuals.
these findings strengthen our understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of pd , and may have implications for molecular classification of the disease.
sequencing analysis identified @number@ variants within picalm including @number@ new variants with extreme low frequency in the northern han chinese population.
however , in the subsequent genotyping , none showed a significant association with load risk after bonferroni correction.
these findings implicate that picalm might not play a major role in the genetic predisposition to load in han chinese.
background and aims : in various populations , vitamin d deficiency is associated with chronic diseases and mortality.
circulating 25 ( oh ) d was measured by protein-bound assay.
multivariate adjustment only slightly modified the 25 ( oh ) d-mortality association.
conclusion : 25 ( oh ) d was similarly inversely related to all-cause mortality in men and women.
however , we observed opposite effects in women and men with respect to cardiovascular and cancer mortality.
this occurs via a hypothalamic neuronal network that provides the necessary input to the scn.
neuropeptides coreleased with small molecule neurotransmitters in autonomic nerves do not usually act as cotransmitters but rather as prejunctional neuromodulators or trophic factors.
autonomic cotransmission offers subtle , local variation in physiological control mechanisms , rather than the dominance of inflexible central control mechanisms envisaged earlier.
the variety of information imparted by a single neuron then greatly increases the sophistication and complexity of local control mechanisms.
cotransmitter composition shows considerable plasticity in development and aging , in pathophysiological conditions and following trauma or surgery.
for example , atp appears to become a more prominent cotransmitter in inflammatory and stress conditions.
seryl-trna synthetase ( serrs ) , an essential enzyme for translation , also regulates vascular development.
this \ "gain-of-function \ " has been linked to the une-s domain added to vertebrate serrs during evolution.
however , the significance of two insertions also specific to higher eukaryotic serrs remains elusive.
here , we determined the crystal structure of human serrs in complex with ser-sa , an aminoacylation reaction intermediate analog , at @number@ å resolution.
despite a @number@ å distance , binding of ser-sa in the catalytic domain dramatically leverages the position of insertion i in the trna binding domain.
importantly , this leverage is specific to higher eukaryotes and not seen in bacterial , archaeal , and lower eukaryotic serrss.
deletion of insertion i does not affect trna binding but instead reduce the catalytic efficiency of the synthetase.
thus , a long-range conformational and functional communication specific to higher eukaryotes is found in human serrs , possibly to coordinate translation with vasculogenesis.
the accumulation of misfolded or damaged proteins is an important determinant of the aging process.
mechanisms that promote the homeostasis of the proteome , or proteostasis , can slow aging and decrease the incidence of age-related diseases.
adult stem cell function declines during the aging process of an organism.
this demise of somatic stem cell function could contribute to tissue degeneration and organismal aging.
therefore , proteostasis maintenance in stem cells might have an important role in organismal aging.
in this review , we discuss exciting new insights into stem cell aging and proteostasis and the questions raised by these findings.
we also aimed at finding links between the expected changes in the data obtained in static posturography and in clinical balance tests through our program.
our multimodal intervention lasted @number@ months.
results : among the @number@ patients who were diagnosed as fallers , eight became non-fallers.
conclusions : we prospectively demonstrated the relevance of our anti-falling intervention at home and of the use of posturography for clinical follow-up.
our results indicated that the dpp was feasible and that health care staff would accept it under certain conditions.
after this , normal glycemia was maintained for the following @number@ h.
however , recent findings show that pi increases linearly throughout the lifespan due to morphological changes of the pelvis.
purpose : a retrospective study aiming to determine the extent of morphological changes of the pelvis related to the age of the subjects.
study design : pelvic morphology was evaluated in a normal adult population by measuring the anatomical parameters of sagittal pelvic alignment.
methods : parameters of pi , s1w , and pth were evaluated from computed tomography images of the subjects.
the measured pth was normalized according to s1w and age of the subjects , allowing the comparison among anatomies of different sizes.
by considering these morphological changes in the pelvis simultaneously , the hip axis can move only within a narrow area.
background : the importance of cholesterol as a risk factor among older people , particularly among the very old , is controversial.
whether or not hypercholesterolemia warrants medical concern , and whether statins are beneficial among very old people , remain unresolved common clinical dilemmas.
after adjustment , tc ( continuous or dichotomous ) was not associated with mortality from @number@ to @number@ @number@ to @number@ or @number@ to @number@
conclusions : among older people , cholesterol levels were unrelated to mortality between the ages of @number@ and @number@
the protective effect of statins observed among the very old appears to be independent of tc.
one of the principal auditory disabilities associated with older age is difficulty in locating and tracking sources of sound.
this study investigated whether these difficulties are associated with deterioration in the representation of space in the auditory cortex.
the remaining half had considerably poorer spatial acuity at the more peripheral regions of frontal space.
in those with poor spatial acuity , cortical responses contained little information with which to distinguish peripheral locations.
biomarkers associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) -like brain atrophy in healthy individuals may identify mechanisms involved in early stage ad.
we studied @number@ healthy elders , who underwent lumbar puncture at baseline , and serial magnetic resonance imaging scans for up to @number@ years.
other proteins ( including p-tau and apolipoprotein d ) had effects even after adjusting for csf aβ42.
besides specific triggering causes , alzheimer's disease ( ad ) involves pathophysiological pathways that are common to acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
melanocortins induce neuroprotection in experimental acute neurodegenerative conditions , and low melanocortin levels have been found in occasional studies performed in ad-type dementia patients.
pharmacological blockade of melanocortin mc4 receptors prevented all neuroprotective effects of ndp-α-msh.
these data could have important clinical implications.
the current study investigated the effects of aging on the neural basis underlying true and false recollection.
with regard to false recollection , older adults exhibited significantly greater false recollection yet did not exhibit increased neural processing.
an individual differences analysis in older adults found false recollection rates predicted activity in several regions. including bilateral middle / superior temporal gyrus.
mutations of cu-zn superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) have rarely been identified in chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
both the innate and the adaptive branches of the immune system are affected , including neutrophils , macrophages , dendritic cells and lymphocytes.
multiple mice were constructed from each cord blood donor.
mice were analyzed quarterly for age-related changes in the hematopoietic and immune systems , and followed for periods up to 18-24 months post-transplant.
flow cytometric analyses were performed for hematopoietic and immune reconstitution.
dendritic cells ( dcs ) are critical for the generation of t-cell responses.
dc function may be modulated by probiotics , which confer health benefits in immunocompromised individuals , such as the elderly.
however , pretreatment of young or old dcs with lps or probiotics failed to enhance the proliferation of t-cells derived from older donors.
this article identifies both markers of disease progress and risk factors linked to the progression of mci to dementia.
knowledge of aging and dementia is rapidly evolving with the aim of identifying individuals in the earliest stages of disease processes.
biomarkers allow clinicians to show the presence of a pathologic process and resultant synapse dysfunction and neurodegeneration , even in the earliest stages.
although these biomarkers are useful , several limitations exist.
several new biomarkers are emerging and a more biological characterization of underlying pathophysiologic spectra may become possible.
even those who do not experience dementia or mild cognitive impairment may experience subtle cognitive changes associated with aging.
this article describes the neurocognitive changes observed in normal aging , followed by a description of the structural and functional alterations seen in aging brains.
after reviewing the literature on mortality modeling , we found that different chronic processes underlie mortality before and after reproductive age.
our ranking suggests that vascular aging , led by ischemic heart disease and stroke , is the most important focus for aging research.
this phospholipid is associated with membranes which are designed to generate an electrochemical gradient that is used to produce atp.
such membranes include the bacterial plasma membrane and imm.
this ubiquitous and intimate association between cl and energy-transducing membranes suggests an important role for cl in mitochondrial bioenergetic processes.
cl has been shown to interact with a number of imm proteins , including the respiratory chain complexes and substrate carriers.
moreover , cl is involved in different stages of the mitochondrial apoptosis process as well as in mitochondrial membrane stability and dynamics.
in this review , we provide an overview of the roles of cl in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in health and disease.
plants growing in the judea region are widely used in traditional medicine.
this phytogeographic zone stands out in its climatic conditions and biodiversity.
consequently , both endemic and widely distributed mediterranean plants growing in the area have unique chemotypes characterized by accumulation of relatively high levels of phytosteroids.
our comprehensive analysis revealed that many of the plants growing in the judea region may hold a geroprotective potential.
objectives : providing care for a family member with dementia is associated with increased risk of adverse mental health sequelae.
recently , interventions utilising meditation-based techniques have been developed with the aim of reducing psychological distress among dementia caregivers.
method : after adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria , a total of eight studies were included in the present review.
methodological quality was assessed using one of two scales dependent on study design.
results : the results provide tentative evidence that meditation-based interventions do indeed improve levels of depression and burden in family dementia caregivers.
conclusions : the review highlighted the strengths and weakness of the studies ' methodological designs.
clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.
we sought to determine whether racial differences in antilipemic use and lipid control narrowed after medicare part d's implementation.
primary outcomes were antilipemic use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control.
key independent variables were race , time ( pre-part d vs post-part d ) , and their interaction.
this may involve an abnormality in the process of extracellular matrix remodelling.
the serum levels of mmps were determined by elisa.
further , we focused on genetic screening of the tgfbr2 gene.
no significant correlation was observed between plasma mmp-2 and mmp-9 and ascending aorta diameter.
genetic screening did not reveal any variation in the tgfbr2 gene in the patients.
methods : we conducted a prospective , observational , predefined sub-study within the finnish acute kidney injury ( finnaki ) study.
this study included all elective icu admissions with expected icu stay of more than @number@ hours and all emergency admissions from september to @date@ .
to study the age of rbcs , we classified transfused patients into quartiles according to the age of oldest transfused rbc unit in the icu.
aki was defined according to kdigo ( kidney disease : improving global outcomes ) criteria.
results : out of @number@ patients , @number@ received at least one rbc unit.
on logistic regression , rbc age was not associated with the development of kdigo stage @number@ aki.
patients in the quartile of freshest rbcs had lower crude hospital and 90-day mortality rates compared to those in the quartiles of older blood.
after adjustments , older rbc age was associated with significantly increased risk for hospital mortality.
conclusions : the age of transfused rbc units was independently associated with hospital mortality but not with 90-day mortality or kdigo stage @number@ aki.
the number of transfused rbc units was an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality.
limited studies exist regarding whether incorporating micronutrient supplements during tuberculosis ( tb ) treatment may improve cell-mediated immune response.
we found no overall effect of micronutrient supplements on lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin or purified protein derivatives in hiv-negative and hiv-positive tb patients.
the role of nutritional intervention in this vulnerable population remains an important area of future research.
we examined whether hip fracture patients who develop postoperative delirium have altered levels of inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) prior to surgery.
methods : patients were @number@ years and older and admitted for surgical repair of an acute hip fracture.
csf samples were collected preoperatively.
in an exploratory study , we measured @number@ cytokines and chemokines by multiplex analysis.
we compared csf levels between patients with and without postoperative delirium and examined the association between csf cytokine levels and delirium severity.
delirium was diagnosed with the confusion assessment method ; severity of delirium was measured with the delirium rating scale revised-98.
mann-whitney u tests or student t-tests were used for between-group comparisons and the spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analyses.
results : sixty-one patients were included , of whom @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) developed postsurgical delirium.
trial registration : the effect of taurine on morbidity and mortality in the elderly hip fracture patient.
registration number : nct00497978.
local ethical protocol number : nl16222.094.07.
despite this , the average maternal age in the united states continues to rise.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate women's knowledge of the implications of delaying pregnancy.
health literacy and numeracy were assessed.
participants demonstrated knowledge deficits about the implications of aging on fertility and pregnancy , and many were unfamiliar with success rates of infertility treatments.
several demographic factors correlated with knowledge ; health literacy and numeracy were both important predictive variables.
to the authors ' knowledge , this is the first study of women's knowledge about fertility , aging , and their health literacy.
awareness of the importance of health literacy and numeracy should inform future educational efforts about fertility.
future directions : here , we review evolving functions of nox enzymes in normal lung physiology and emerging pathophysiologic roles in lung disease.
the use of complex syntax in the spoken discourse of young , middle-aged , and older adults was examined.
the purpose of the study was to determine if syntactic complexity would show an age-related decline.
each sample was transcribed , segmented into utterances , and coded for main clauses and all types of finite and non-finite subordinate clauses.
additionally , the groups did not differ on any syntactic measures for either task.
it is concluded that syntactic complexity in spoken discourse remains stable during the years that span early , middle , and later adulthood.
background and aims : few studies have evaluated long-term durability of glycemic control in older patients.
methods : patients were participants in the maintenance phase of the durable trial.
during the initiation phase , patients with type @number@ diabetes were randomized to lm75 / 25 or gl.
after @number@ months , patients with hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) ≤7.0 % advanced to the 24-month maintenance phase.
the primary objective was between-group comparison of duration of maintaining the hba1c goal in older patients ( ≥65 years of age ) .
a similar analysis was conducted for older patients achieving hba1c ≤6.5 % in the initiation phase.
no differences were observed in overall and severe hypoglycemia.
similar results were generally obtained in older patients with hba1c ≤6.5 %.
recent trials , however have failed to confirm the usefulness of this therapeutic approach , at least in unselected patients.
human genetic studies are rarely conducted for immunological purposes.
however , the dissection of these experiments of nature has also led to major immunological advances.
clinical genetic studies of childhood phenotypes have not been blurred by modern medicine either.
instead , medical advances have actually facilitated such studies , by making it possible for children with life-threatening infections to survive.
in this study , we aimed to compare the results of these two methods and investigate age-related effects on the svv.
also , @number@ of the subjects performed the adj test twice , with different bar lengths.
we estimated bias and threshold for the two methods , and found that neither measure differed across the methods.
methods : this population-based longitudinal study included a sample of @number@ adult male twins.
data were collected through a structured interview , physical examination , and magnetic resonance imaging.
measurements of the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles were obtained from t2-weighted axial images at l3-l4 and l5-s1 at baseline and 15-yr follow-up.
results : subjects ' mean ± sd age was @number@ ± @number@ yr at baseline and @number@ ± @number@ yr at follow-up.
both muscles displayed greater changes at l5-s1 than l3-l4.
age and bmi were found to be significantly associated with the degree of paraspinal muscle changes over time.
conclusions : the present longitudinal study suggests that over adulthood , the multifidus and erector spinae undergo similar morphological changes.
resolving the bases for different physiological functioning or exercise performance within a population is dependent on our understanding of control mechanisms.
purpose : to investigate the effects of aging on postural control and cognitive performance in single- and dual-tasking.
methods : a cross-sectional comparative design was conducted in a university motion analysis laboratory.
postural control after stepping down was measured with and without performing a concurrent auditory response task.
the older adults had significantly longer reaction times and higher error rates when dual-tasking compared with single-tasking , but the younger adults did not.
the older adults demonstrated significantly less total sway path , but larger total sway area in single-leg stance after stepping down than the young adults.
conclusion : older adults prioritize postural control by sacrificing cognitive performance when faced with dual-tasking.
purpose : the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) in the elderly population has recently been increasing.
methods : a total of @number@ patients who underwent hepatectomy for hcc from @number@ to @number@ at wakayama medical university hospital were reviewed.
the clinical characteristics were compared between the elderly and younger patients.
the risk factors for postoperative complications and prognostic factors were identified using the multivariate analyses.
results : a total of @number@ patients were classified as elderly patients.
the incidence of hcc without viral liver disorders was significantly high in the elderly group than in the younger group.
the survival was similar between the two groups , and the only independent prognostic factor for survival in the elderly patients was vessel invasion.
conclusions : hcc derived from non-viral liver disorders was dominant in the elderly patients.
aging itself was not a risk factor for postoperative complications or the survival outcome.
furthermore , it has been established that e6ap has a role in numerous diseases including cancers and neurological syndromes.
heart failure ( hf ) increases significantly in relation to advancing age , yet management for hf in very old adults remains ambiguous.
in this review we study age-related susceptibility to hf , as well as the utility and limitations of standard hf strategies.
both hf with reduced ejection fraction and hf with preserved ejection fraction are considered.
desmin , the muscle-specific intermediate filament , is involved in myofibrillar myopathies , dilated cardiomyopathy and muscle wasting.
several ptm target residues and their corresponding modifying enzymes have been discovered in human and nonhuman desmin.
the major effect of phosphorylation and adp-ribosylation is the disassembly of desmin filaments , while ubiquitylation of desmin leads to its degradation.
phosphorylation of desmin is also implicated in many forms of desmin-related myopathies ( desminopathies ) .
there are now precise tools to investigate ptms and visualize cellular structures that have been underexploited in the study of desminopathies.
future studies should focus on these aspects.
telomere length and the rate of telomere attrition vary between individuals and have been interpreted as the rate at which individuals have aged.
these findings have been attributed to error , rather than actual telomere elongation , restricting our understanding of its possible biological significance.
here we present a method to distinguish between error and telomere elongation in longitudinal datasets , which is easy to apply and has few assumptions.
however , the effects of mir-34a on the processes of dna damage and repair are not entirely understood.
furthermore , mir-34a downregulates 53bp1 and inhibits its recruitment to the sites of dna double-strand breaks.
these properties of mir-34a can potentially be exploited for dna damage-effecting therapies of malignancies.
polycomb group protein bmi1 is an important regulator of senescence , aging , and cancer.
on one hand , it is overexpressed in cancer cells and is required for self-renewal of stem cells.
on the other hand , it is downregulated during senescence and aging.
micrornas have emerged as major regulators of almost every gene associated with cancer , aging , and related pathologies.
at present , very little is known about the mirnas that regulate the expression of bmi1.
we also show that overexpression of mir-141 induces premature senescence in hdfs via targeting of bmi1 in normal but not in exogenous bmi1-overexpressing hdfs.
induction of premature senescence in hdfs was accompanied by upregulation of p16ink4a , an important downstream target of bmi1 and a major regulator of senescence.
our results suggest that mir-141-based therapies could be developed to treat pathologies where bmi1 is deregulated.
telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of the linear eukaryotic chromosomes , thus protecting their stability and integrity.
they play important roles in dna replication and repair and are central to our understanding of aging and cancer development.
in rapidly dividing cells , telomere length is maintained by the activity of telomerase.
two papers have recently shown that despite this extremely complex control , telomere length can be manipulated by external stimuli.
these results have profound implications for our understanding of cellular homeostatic systems in general and of telomere length maintenance in particular.
in addition , they point to the possibility of developing aging and cancer therapies based on telomere length manipulation.
background : as the global population grows , the percentage of those over @number@ will escalate disproportionately.
their needs will become an ever more dominant feature of public policy and healthcare provision.
older adults ' appearance is often removed from cultural ideals and stereotypes of beauty , often seen as synonymous with \ "youth. \ "
this has seen older adults ' concerns about appearance and body image somewhat sidelined in practice and in research.
this study investigates the extent to which self-consciousness of appearance is associated with distress and dysfunction in those over @number@ years old.
data were collected from community samples.
results : the italian translation was sound , with acceptability in the italian-speaking sample and acceptable internal consistency scores for full-scale and subscales.
anova analysis demonstrated that for overall adjustment , and all subscale scores , the italians were more distressed about their appearance than uk comparators.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
aim : new techniques for biological repair in the treatment of degenerative disc disease ( ddd ) have been developed recently.
the question arises whether it is possible to find a predictive marker to identify a patient population which could benefit from this new treatment option.
standard magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) fails to differentiate between pathologic painful and asymptomatic aging discs.
neurological symptoms contribute to identifying the pathological level.
methods : specimens of intervertebral disc tissue were obtained from @number@ patients undergoing lumbar nucleotomy.
results : an increase of the expression of structural proteins and inflammatory markers could be observed in mri-groups @number@ and @number@
histological examination showed signs of granulation tissue in only @percent@ of cases , but no differences between the groups.
the assessment of cell activity and protein expression in a larger number of patients could be next step to support and supplement the present data.
at near-term age the brain undergoes rapid growth and development.
abnormalities identified during this period have been recognized as potential predictors of neurodevelopment in children born preterm.
posterior regions of the cr and ic demonstrated significantly lower rd values compared to anterior regions.
centrally located association fibers of the external capsule had higher fa and lower rd than the more peripherally-located superior longitudinal fasciculus ( slf ) .
no correlation with pma-at-scan was observed in the cc or slf , regions that myelinate later in infancy.
evidence of region-specific rates of microstructural development was observed.
health anxiety disorders ( e.g. , hypochondriasis ) are prevalent but understudied in older adults.
preliminary research also highlights the complexity of these disorders in older adults and the potential importance of medical morbidity as a risk factor.
we offer a theoretical model of the development of severe health anxiety among older adults to encourage further research on this important and under-studied topic.
we present new findings on the low-temperature degradation of yttria-stabilized zirconia at 37°c over several years and at high and low partial pressures of water.
in addition , we show reproducibility complications of accelerated aging tests by the use of different autoclaves and possible implications for standardized procedures.
the number of hip fractures worldwide will approximately double by the year @number@ and more than triple by @number@
results : the study revealed @number@ low energy hip fractures ( @number@ in men @number@ and in women ) .
systematic increase in rate over the study period , with the @percent@ in last year compared to @number@ year can be noticed.
levels of evidence - iv.
we report new examples of lipoic acid ( la ) -peptide conjugates , their potential as codrugs having anti-melanogenic and anti-aging properties was evaluated.
these multifunctional molecules were prepared by linking lipophilic moiety ( la ) to the pentapeptide kttks.
the inhibitory effect of la-peptide conjugates on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity is stronger than that of la or the pentapeptide alone.
importantly , the conjugates display no cytotoxicity at a high concentration.
la-kttks and la-peg-kttks also inhibit uv-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression up to @percent@ and @percent@ at @number@ mm , respectively.
la-peptide conjugates stimulate collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts more efficiently than their parent molecules do.
these data suggest that la-peptide conjugates may have cosmeceutical application as anti-melanogenic and anti-aging agents.
stem cells persist in specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain.
emerging findings highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of different compartments in the niche , as well as the presence of local signaling microdomains.
importantly , the adult neural stem cell niche integrates both local and systemic changes , reflecting the physiological state of the organism.
vitamin k has been purported to play an important role in bone health.
it is required for the gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin ( the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone ) , making osteocalcin functional.
there are @number@ main forms ( vitamin k1 and vitamin k2 ) , and they come from different sources and have different biological activities.
epidemiologic studies suggest a diet high in vitamin k is associated with a lower risk of hip fractures in aging men and women.
however , randomized controlled trials of vitamin k1 or k2 supplementation in white populations did not increase bone mineral density at major skeletal sites.
supplementation with vitamin k1 and k2 may reduce the risk of fractures , but the trials that examined fractures as an outcome have methodological limitations.
large well-designed trials are needed to compare the efficacies of vitamin k1 and k2 on fractures.
objective : lead exposure linked to osteoporosis in women.
however , there is no direct evidence whether lead exposure has effects on bone metabolism in middle-aged male subjects.
therefore , the present study investigated the relationship between bone mineral densitometry measurements , bone markers , endocrine hormones and blood lead levels.
material and methods : the present study included lead exposure patients ( n : @number@ ) and control subjects ( n : @number@ ) .
we recorded information on patient demographics and risk factors of osteoporosis.
blood lead levels were evaluated using varian aa 240z atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
bone mineral density measurements were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : each lumbar t and z scores in the lead exposure group were lower than the control group.
there were no significant differences in femur neck and femur total t and z scores between two groups.
urinary hydroxyproline and urinary deoxypyridinoline levels in the lead exposure group were significantly higher compared to controls.
blood lead levels were strong , positively correlated with urinary deoxypyridinoline.
endocrine hormone levels and @number@ , 25-dihydroxy-vitamin d3 levels were comparable between lead exposure and control group.
conclusion : lead exposure in male workers is an important factor for deterioration in bone mineral density.
we should be screening blood lead levels and history of lead exposure in male osteoporosis.
introduction : the value of clinically available free testosterone ( ft ) assays remains controversial.
samples were split and tested by the two methodologies at a quest diagnostics national reference laboratory. cft was calculated by the vermeulen method.
strong correlations were observed for men receiving testosterone therapy and for men in the lowest and highest quartiles for total and ft.
sex-hormone binding globulin ( shbg ) was not correlated with any measure of ft.
bland-altman analysis demonstrated similar bias for both cft and ria , although cft consistently overestimated ft.
numerical values for ria were approximately one seventh of eqd values.
conclusions : these results support the clinical use of both ria and cft as measures of ft.
due to numerical differences , each test requires its own set of reference values.
design : retrospective , cross-sectional study.
two hundred forty-three healthy , non-ambulatory outpatient men with chronic sci from age of @number@ to @number@ years were included in this retrospective analysis.
the age-related decline in sci for total serum testosterone concentration was @number@.6% / year compared to @number@.4% / year in the massachusetts male aging study.
background : air pollution is known to be a leading cause of respiratory symptoms.
many cross-sectional studies reported that air pollution caused respiratory disease in japanese individuals in the 1960s.
japan has laws regulating air pollution levels and providing compensation for victims of pollution-related respiratory disease.
however , long-term changes in respiratory function and symptoms in individuals who were exposed to air pollution in the 1960s have not been well studied.
this study aimed to investigate longitudinal respiratory function and symptoms in older , non-smoking , long-term officially-acknowledged victims of pollution-related illness.
methods : the study included @number@ officially-acknowledged victims of pollution-related illness living in kurashiki , okayama who were aged ≥ @number@ years in @number@
data were retrospectively collected from yearly respiratory symptom questionnaires and spirometry examinations conducted from @number@ to @number@
results : respiratory function declined significantly from @number@ to @number@ ( p < @number@ ) , but the mean annual changes were relatively small.
from @number@ to @number@ the mean annual changes in respiratory function were within the normal range , even though the severity of dyspnea worsened.
the changes in respiratory function and symptoms over the study period were probably due to aging.
we examined the relationship of apathy with neurocognitive performance , age , disease markers , and functional disability in @number@ hiv-infected individuals.
apathy was assessed with the apathy evaluation scale and was significantly associated with highest hiv plasma level , functional disability , and neurocognitive performance.
individuals with higher apathy levels demonstrated a stronger association between age and processing speed performance.
our findings suggest that apathy is related to poor neuropsychological functioning , hiv plasma levels , and increased functional disability in individuals with hiv.
additionally , to our knowledge , this is the first study to demonstrate an interactive effect of age and apathy on neuropsychological performance in hiv.
background / aim : older people admitted to acute hospitals are at risk of functional decline.
there is limited research into strategies that reduce such risks.
the study was conducted over a six-month period in two consecutive blocks.
the intervention group received activities of daily living retraining three times per week for up to one hour per session.
the control group received standard , mainly assessment-based occupational therapy services.
the modified barthel index was used to measure functional status on admission and discharge.
results : at discharge , there was no statistical difference in the change of total modified barthel index score between control and intervention groups.
raw data suggested that retraining programmes may reduce the level of care patients required on discharge.
conclusions : trends from this study indicate that functional retraining programmes could be effective in preventing functional decline.
further research is needed to reach more definite conclusions.
background : the beneficial effects of testosterone treatment ( tt ) are debated.
moreover , the st group was randomized to tt ( n = @number@ ) or placebo ( n = @number@ ) after @number@ weeks.
results.
from @number@ to @number@ weeks , mif and sat decreased during st + placebo versus placebo , whereas biot and lbm were unchanged.
tt decreased fat mass ( total , central , extremity , and sat ) and increased biot and lbm versus placebo.
mif levels increased during tt versus st + placebo.
st + tt decreased fat mass ( total , central , and extremity ) and increased biot and lbm versus placebo.
from @number@ to @number@ weeks , mcp-1 levels increased during tt versus placebo and mcp-1 levels decreased during st + placebo versus placebo.
conclusion : st + placebo was associated with decreased mif levels suggesting decreased inflammatory activity.
tt may be associated with increased inflammatory activity.
we hypothesized that no metabolism would be attenuated in fetal plasma due to low cp activity.
we measured cp concentrations and activity in plasma samples collected from adults and fetuses of humans and sheep.
cp concentrations in fetal plasma were < 15% of adult levels.
cp may be involved in the conversion of no to sno in plasma under near-physiological concentrations of no.
if there is an association between sua and hypertrophy in these patients , it is unknown whether the association is different between men and women.
our aim in this study is to determine whether sua is associated with cardiac hypertrophy in ckd patients , focusing on any sex differences.
two hundred sixteen ckd patients ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.
patients prescribed uric acid-lowering agents and those with congestive heart failure , valvular heart disease , or ischemic heart disease were excluded from this study.
left ventricular mass index ( lvmi ) and left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) were assessed using echocardiography.
the prevalence of lvh was @percent@ in men and @percent@ in women.
in female ckd patients , sua levels were associated with lvmi and lvh , whereas there was no association in male patients.
these observations suggest that an association between sua levels and the development of cardiac hypertrophy is more likely in women than in men.
the prevalence of bone disease is higher among hiv-infected subjects.
genetic and acquired lipodystrophies are disorders of adipose tissue distribution.
in this review we will emphasize its phenotype , metabolic and genetic particularities.
also , some lipodystrophies can be associated with premature aging and precocious cardiovascular disease.
the authors aimed to give a focus on the particularities of each of the issues addressed.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are small noncoding rnas that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting specific mrnas.
altered expression of circulating mirnas have been associated with age-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease.
consistent with our data in humans , these mirnas are also present at lower levels in the serum of elderly rhesus monkeys.
these results suggest that circulating mirnas may be a biological marker of aging and could also be important for regulating longevity.
the cytochrome p450 2d6 ( cyp2d6 ) belongs to a group of cyps considered of utmost importance in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
despite being of only minor abundance in the liver , it is involved in the clearance of > 25% of marketed drugs.
more recently , some new aspects emerged about the potential endogenous function of cyp2d6 in terms of behavior and brain disorders.
sarcopenia is an emerging risk factor for metabolic disorders.
we investigated these associations in the korean population.
age was categorized according to three groups ( 20-39 , 40-59 , and ≥ @number@ years ) .
obesity was defined according to body mass index.
homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) was calculated.
after adjustment for confounding variables , sarcopenia showed a significant association with homa-ir in the non-obese group ( p < 0.001 ) .
however , these results were not relevant to young age group.
in conclusion , sarcopenia showed an association with insulin resistance , diabetes , and ms , in the non-obese population.
sarcopenia may be an early predictor for diabetes and ms susceptibility in the non-obese population , particularly in elderly people.
objective : this cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between late-life spiritual activity participation and cognitive function in older chinese adults in hong kong.
methods : participants aged @number@ years or older without clinical dementia or major psychiatric disorders were recruited.
dementia severity and global cognitive function were assessed using the clinical dementia rating and cantonese version of the mini-mental state examination , respectively.
psychological status was assessed using the chinese version of the purpose in life scale.
activities participated in were categorised into @number@ domains of physical , cognitive , social , prosocial , spiritual , and recreational activities.
results : a total of @number@ participants were enrolled.
conclusion : engagement in spiritual activity may benefit cognitive function in old age.
longitudinal studies are recommended to further examine the causal relationship of spiritual activity and cognitive function.
in following this knowledge production process , we explore how scientists \ "deliver \ " on their research proposal goals.
in addition , we provide insight into whether and how state policies directed at guiding research practices can shape output.
physiological effects of aging make the older population more susceptible to adverse drug events and drug-drug interactions.
this was a 24-h intensive pk study.
atazanavir and ritonavir plasma concentrations were measured by validated high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) .
plasma pk parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods.
patients from the aging group had a reduced creatinine clearance ( @number@ versus @number@ ml / min ) .
however , in multivariate analysis , older age was the only significant predictor for higher atazanavir concentrations.
parameter estimate for age and atazanavir auc after adjusting for gender and bw was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ @date@ ) .
that is , for every year increase in age , auc increases by approximately @number@ mg·h / liter.
age seems to be an important factor influencing atazanavir pharmacokinetics.
patients from the aging group appeared to have higher atazanavir exposure compared to the younger group.
further pk explorations of atv in the extremely aged population are warranted.
many indigenous cultures use storytelling as the foundation for the transmission of important cultural information.
stories passed down from generation to generation sometimes teach , record history , provide examples , or inform.
there is accumulating evidence that neurotrophins , like brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) , may impact aging and alzheimer's disease.
however , traditional genetic association studies have not found a clear relationship between bdnf and ad.
our goal was to test whether bdnf single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) impact alzheimer's disease-related brain imaging and cognitive markers of disease.
samples were genotyped using the illumina human610-quad beadchip.
we analyzed a subgroup of @number@ snps that were in low linkage disequilibrium with each other.
three out of eight bdnf snps analyzed were significantly associated with measures of cognitive decline ( rs1157659 , rs11030094 , rs11030108 ) .
we also found an interaction between the bdnf val66met snp and age with whole brain volume.
objective : epidemiological data reveal that the overall risk for kidney stones disease is lower for women compared to age-matched men.
however , the beneficial effect for the female sex is lost upon menopause , a time corresponding to the onset of fall in estrogen levels.
patients were also stratified analyzed according to stone components ( calcium oxalate stones [ cos ] ; non-calcium oxalate stones [ ncos ] ) .
results : serum e2 ( @number@ vs. @number@ pg / ml ) was significantly lower in kidney stones patients compared to controls.
post-hoc analysis demonstrated that this effect was driven by cos patients ( p < 0.001 ) .
however , serum t levels did not significantly differ among the groups.
conclusions : naturally postmenopausal women with higher remaining estradiol levels appear less likely to suffer from kidney calcium oxalate stones.
however , no correlation was found between serum t level and kidney stones.
these findings support the hypothesis that higher postmenopausal endogenous estrogens may protect against kidney stones with ageing.
the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence , species and subtypes of cryptosporidium infecting yaks in the qinghai province of northwestern china.
the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. was detected by microscopy and nested-pcr.
a total of @number@ fecal samples were collected from yaks in @number@ counties , of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) samples tested positive for cryptosporidium.
all three species were found in yaks ranging in age from < 1 year , 1-2 years , to > 2 years.
cryptosporidium was most commonly detected in spring ( @percent@ ) , followed by summer ( @percent@ ) , then winter ( @percent@ ) .
cryptosporidium parvum positive samples were subtyped using the @number@ kda glycoprotein ( gp60 ) gene.
all of these subtypes are zoonotic , and may pose a potential threat to human health.
we estimated white matter fractional anisotropy , mean diffusivity and hippocampal structural connectivity in two independent cohorts.
a second cohort included @number@ subjects [ @number@ cognitively normal and @number@ amnestic mild cognitive impairment ] recruited in montreal.
all subjects underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment in addition to diffusion and t1 mri.
individual fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps were generated using fsl-dtifit.
in addition , hippocampal structural connectivity maps expressing the probability of connectivity between the hippocampus and cortex were generated using a pipeline based on fsl-probtrackx.
voxel-based group comparison statistics of fractional anisotropy , mean diffusivity and hippocampal structural connectivity were estimated using tract-based spatial statistics.
the proportion of abnormal to total white matter volume was estimated using the total volume of the white matter skeleton.
no fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity differences were observed between non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and cognitively normal subjects.
alzheimer's disease patients had @percent@ of normalized white matter volume with increased mean diffusivity and @percent@ of the white matter had reduced fractional anisotropy.
reduced structural connectivity was found in the hippocampal connections to temporal , inferior parietal , posterior cingulate and frontal regions only in the alzheimer's group.
telomere length was measured with qpcr and intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ros ) content and cell death with flow cytometry.
the intracellular ros content displayed @percent@ increase ( p = @number@ ) in bso compared to the control.
in aging fibroblasts , pro-inflammatory conditioning aggravates the shortening of telomeres , an effect which was only in part driven by increased cell turnover.
high glucose alone did not result in greater production of ros or telomere shortening.
while hearing aids are recommended for people with age-related hearing loss , many with impaired hearing do not use them.
the hearing handicap inventory for the elderly ( hhie ) score was significantly elevated among these @number@ participants.
this study indicated that hearing aids are of potential benefit to many local residents.
multivariate logistic regression revealed that hhie scores were associated with the extent of ha usage.
the adjusted odds ratio for a 1-unit increase in hhie score was @number@ ( @percent@ confidence interval : @number@ @date@ ) .
mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) is believed to be highly vulnerable to age-associated damage and mutagenesis by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) .
however , somatic mtdna mutations have historically been difficult to study because of technical limitations in accurately quantifying rare mtdna mutations.
we find that the frequency of point mutations increases ~5-fold over the course of @number@ years of life.
surprisingly , g → t mutations , considered the hallmark of oxidative damage to dna , do not significantly increase with age.
obesity is associated with increased risk in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) development and mortality.
an important disease control strategy is the prevention of obesity-related hepatic inflammation and tumorigenesis by dietary means.
this observed sirt1 induction was associated with decreased cyclin d1 protein , increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 protein expression , and induced apoptosis.
furthermore , apo10la suppressed akt activation , cyclin d1 gene , and protein expression and promoted parp protein cleavage in transformed cells within liver tumors.
taken together , these data indicate that apo10la can effectively inhibit hfd-promoted hepatic tumorigenesis by stimulating sirt1 signaling while reducing hepatic inflammation.
the reliability and acceptability of these measures were investigated in older adults.
methods : the study included @number@ self-reported healthy adults , aged 65-84 years ( mean @number@ sd @number@ years ) .
participants were tested in a sitting position on two occasions , @number@ week apart.
the best of three attempts for pif measured through the mouth , and five for each nostril for snip were recorded.
feedback on the measures in relation to ease of completion and preference was obtained using a semi-structured interview.
pif showed excellent reliability and acceptability and is therefore recommended for assessing inspiratory muscle strength in older people without known obstructive lung disease.
motivation : it has been suggested that presumably distinct classes of genomic regulatory elements may actually share common sets of features and mechanisms.
however , there has been no genome-wide assessment of the prevalence of this phenomenon.
results : to evaluate this possibility , we performed a bioinformatic screen for the existence of compound regulatory elements in the human genome.
we identified numerous such colocated boundary and enhancer elements from human cd4 ( + ) t cells.
aging is accompanied by reduced regenerative capacity of all tissues and organs and dysfunction of adult stem cells.
in this paper , we review the current understanding of the mechanisms leading to tissue-specific adult stem cell dysfunction and reduced regenerative capacity with age.
we believe that the restriction of cell proliferation in an aging multicellular organism is not a consequence of implementing a special program of aging.
however , the idea that eid ≥ @number@ % bodyweight ( bw ) impairs endurance performance is well ingrained.
no study has tested the impact of eid upon running tt performance.
lef was assessed by the short physical performance battery.
each additional break · hr ( @number@ ) was associated with @number@ point increase in lef.
breaks and mvpa had strongest independent associations with lef.
promoting regular breaks might be useful in maintaining or increasing lef and later life independence.
this novel finding is important for the design of effective lifestyle interventions targeting older adults.
background : metabolic profiling may provide insight into biologic mechanisms related to the maintenance of muscle and fat-free mass in functionally limited older adults.
multivariable-adjusted stepwise regression was used to develop a metabolite predictor set representative of muscle csa and the ffmi.
results : seven branched chain amino acid-related metabolites were found to be associated with both muscle csa and the ffmi.
stepwise models identified combinations of metabolites to explain approximately @percent@ of the variability inherent in muscle csa or the ffmi.
background : muscle impairment is a common condition in older people and a powerful risk factor for disability and mortality.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of @number@ participants ( @percent@ aged @number@ years and older ) enrolled in the inchianti study.
sarcopenia was defined according to the european working group on sarcopenia in older people criteria using bioimpedance analysis for muscle mass assessment.
logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors independently associated with sarcopenia.
nutritional intake , physical activity , and level of comorbidity were not associated with sarcopenia.
correlates of sarcopenia identified in this study might suggest new approaches for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
the authors investigated the use of google earth's street view option to audit the presence of built environment features that support older adults ' walking.
the authors determined agreement using absolute agreement.
the ftld group had a significantly higher prevalence of hs / mts than that of the ad group.
however , hs / mts was associated with increasing age and memory impairment in the ad group but not in the ftld group.
the relationship between acne and diet , predominantly the role of high glycemic load diets and dairy consumption have recently gained increased interest.
abnormal nutritional conditions such as obesity or malnutrition often manifest themselves by specific cutaneous features and altered skin function.
the inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex that promotes proinflammatory cytokine maturation in response to host- and pathogen-derived signals.
mouse lines harboring caps-associated mutations in nlrp3 have elevated levels of il-1β and il-18 and closely mimic human disease.
to examine the role of inflammasome-driven il-18 in murine caps , we bred nlrp3 mutations onto an il18r-null background.
significant systemic inflammation developed in aging nlrp3 mutant il18r-null mice , indicating that il-1 and il-18 drive pathology at different stages of the disease process.
ongoing inflammation in double-cytokine knockout caps mice implicated a role for caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and confirmed that caps is inflammasome dependent.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common debilitating joint disorder , affecting large sections of the population with significant disability and impaired quality of life.
changes in cartilage and subchondral bone are not merely secondary manifestations of oa but are active components of the disease , contributing to its severity.
increased vascularization and formation of microcracks in joints during oa have suggested the facilitation of molecules from cartilage to bone and vice versa.
four focus group discussions and @number@ individual interviews were undertaken.
qualitative data were analyzed using nvivo software and were categorized using coding and grounded theory techniques.
the result indicated that old people in hong kong had an overall positive attitude toward technology.
positive attitudes were most frequently related to enhanced convenience and advanced features.
negative attitudes were most frequently associated with health risks and social problems arising from using technology ( e.g. , social isolation and addiction ) .
use of gerontechnology is a synthesis of person , technology , and environment.
to encourage non-users to adopt technology , there is a need to remove barriers at personal , technological , and environmental levels.
longitudinally , participants with self-reported hf at baseline showed declines in reasoning over time.
objective : this study examines relationships between local-area age structure and health at older ages.
controlling for individual characteristics and time did little to change this relationship ; while a similar relationship between older age structure and functional limitations emerged.
these compositional differences highlight the role of local-area age structure in identifying and understanding elderly health variation between places.
background : the numbers of patients > 85 years of age referred for abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) repair have increased in recent decades.
few data are available for estimating the risks and benefits of prophylactic repair among those with such an advanced age.
the aim of this single-center study was to evaluate the short-term to midterm results after aaa repair in patients > 85 years of age.
methods : between @number@ and @number@ data of patients > 85 years old who required an elective aaa repair at our institution were collected prospectively.
according to the current guidelines , patients underwent endovascular aneurysm repair ( evar ) each time the aortic anatomy was suitable.
open repair ( or ) was performed in those patients with hostile proximal neck anatomy and / or severe iliac tortuosity.
type of repair ( evar or or ) and perioperative and midterm outcomes were analyzed.
primary end points were 30-day mortality and midterm survival.
thirty-three patients ( @percent@ ) underwent evar and @number@ ( @percent@ ) had an or.
thirty-day mortality was @percent@ ( @percent@ with evar and @percent@ with or , p < 0.05 ) .
mean follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ months.
kaplan meier analyses for survival were @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ at @number@ @number@ and @number@ years , respectively.
no aneurysm-related death was observed during follow-up.
methods : an epidemiological study of ecological design , combining time-series in the period 1995-2009 , was carried out.
the medical records of individuals residing in santa catarina aged≥60 years were obtained from the hospital information system of the brazilian national health system.
multiple linear regression analysis was used to calculate the impact exerted by seasonality and by influenza immunization coverage on hospitalization rates.
the results also showed that as the vaccination coverage rate increased @percent@ , a decrease of @percent@ was observed in the hospitalization rate.
patients with acute confusional states ( often referred to as encephalopathy or delirium ) pose diagnostic and management challenges for treating physicians.
this special issue of the journal of clinical neurophysiology is dedicated to exploring the electrophysiology of these conditions.
it reviews the pathophysiology , psychiatric manifestations , clinical and imaging correlations of the many causes and types of encephalopathy.
understanding of the objectively measured physical activity ( pa ) and sedentary patterns of adults with diabetes at the population level is currently limited.
data from the 2003-2006 national health and nutrition examination survey were used.
the development and implementation of feasible , effective pa programs for older adults with multiple comorbidities are warranted.
older adults with higher stress severity demonstrated a significantly higher cortisol : dhea ratio.
in conclusion , life events stress may have a negative impact on the cortisol : dhea ratio in older adults.
under conditions of high stress exposure , exercise may protect older adults from an increased cortisol : dhea ratio and flatter dhea diurnal rhythm.
in this review paper , we specifically focused on multimodal neuroimaging studies on cognition , aging , disease and behavior.
we also compared multiple analysis approaches , including univariate and multivariate methods.
the possible strengths and limitations of each method are highlighted , which can guide readers when selecting a method based on a given research question.
some attributes of neighborhood environments are associated with physical activity among older adults.
this study examined whether the associations were moderated by driving status.
neighborhood environments were measured by geographic information systems and validated questionnaires.
driving status was defined on the basis of a driver's license , car ownership , and feeling comfortable to drive.
outcome variables included accelerometer-based physical activity and self-reported transport and leisure walking.
multilevel generalized linear regression was used.
there was no significant neighborhood attribute × driving status interaction with objective physical activity or reported transport walking.
the findings suggest that driving status is likely to moderate the association between neighborhood environments and older adults ' leisure walking.
few studies of cognitive ability have tested the same individuals in youth and old age.
the correlation of moray house test scores between age @number@ and age @number@ was @number@ ( @number@ when corrected for range restriction ) .
moray house test scores showed strong concurrent and predictive validity with \ "gold standard \ " cognitive tests at ages @number@ and @number@
design : cross-sectional correlational survey.
method : data were collected from family caregivers ' self-completed questionnaires from @date@ to @date@ .
moderating effects were examined according to two- and three-way interaction terms in the regressions.
we also explored the simple effect of each independent variable on role strain.
results : the dyadic relational resources of mutuality and preparedness moderated the effects of caregiving demand on caregivers ' role strain.
that is , a high level of mutuality and preparedness protected caregivers from high levels of role strain , even when caregiving demand was high.
another important factor was a high level of predictability , which tended to decrease role strain.
finally , the association between care receiver cognitive functioning and caregiver role strain was influenced by the level of mutuality between caregiver and care receiver.
more specifically , high levels of mutuality diminished role strain in caregivers of patients with mild dementia.
conclusions : dyadic relational resources may moderate the effects of role strain.
these findings suggest that these dyadic relational resources should be enhanced for family caregivers of patients with dementia to ease their caregiving role strain.
objectives : to determine the role of impaired functional status as a risk factor for severe clostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) in older adults.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : university of michigan health system , a 930-bed tertiary care hospital.
participants : hospitalized individuals with cdi aged @number@ and older.
secondary outcomes included length of stay , 90-day mortality and readmission , and cdi recurrence.
at baseline , @number@ ( @percent@ ) required assistance with adls.
adl class was not associated with secondary outcomes.
conclusion : in this cohort of hospitalized older adults , impaired functional status was an independent risk factor for severe cdi.
objective : the impact of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy and women's coping strategies were evaluated through international focus groups.
participants were asked about their experience with menopause and vaginal atrophy , including use of non-prescription treatments and their interactions with health-care providers.
conclusions : women's reactions to their vaginal atrophy varied according to personality.
use of a personality-based approach to patient counseling may encourage patients to discuss vaginal atrophy with their health-care provider and seek treatment.
in this paper , an inventory of activities was made that threaten independent living of elderly when becoming problematic.
results will guide the further development of an existing service robot , the care-o-bot®.
method : a systematic literature search of pubmed was performed , focused on the risk factors for institutionalization.
additionally , focus group sessions were conducted in the netherlands , united kingdom and france.
in these focus group sessions , problematic activities threatening the independence of elderly people were discussed.
supporting the problematic activities need not involve a robotic solution.
during the second year , patients received @number@ mg of testosterone undecanoate every 2-3 months.
results : there were no clinically significant changes in clinical chemistry safety parameters.
there were significant improvements in both total and cft and in ams scores after three months ( p < @number@ ) .
fat mass decreased @percent@ at @number@ months and @percent@ at @number@ months.
content validity was also tested on five physical therapists.
the results showed no floor and ceiling effects.
the icc for the total score was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.61-0.89 ) .
the median weighted kappa coefficients square for the individual items was @number@
item-to-total correlation varied between @number@ and @number@ and cronbach's alpha for all items was > 0.92.
the correlation between see-sv and self-assessed physical activity was r ( s ) = @number@ ( ns ) .
eighty-nine percent responded that the items were relevant and @percent@ that no item should be excluded.
all physical therapists considered the items relevant , but the written instructions could be improved.
in conclusion , see-sv has good item-to-total correlation , satisfactory internal consistence and substantial test retest reliability.
this study represents the first to examine cc in elderly subjects longitudinally.
in the same cohort , we investigated whether impairment in specific cognitive domains was associated with cc tissue loss.
previous studies had shown that processing speed and executive functions may be particularly reliant on the cc.
our findings indicated that cc tissue loss leads to selective impairment of processing speed but not memory or executive function deficits.
finally , cc tissue loss was also associated with impairment of motor function.
overall , the present findings confirm and extend the role of the cc in dementia and age-associated cognitive and motor deficits.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is a common and morbid cardiac arrhythmia that increases in prevalence with advancing age.
the risk of ischemic stroke , a primary and disabling hazard of af , also increases with advancing age.
each of these ligands is induced with t-cell activation allowing greater opportunity to have a regulatory role.
the magnitude of expression of the molecules increased significantly on activated blasts after mitogen stimulation compared to their baseline levels in resting cells.
in cd4 + t-cells , a greater increase in ctla-4 expressing cells in older persons was the only difference between the age groups.
conclusions : we found several significant changes in the older individuals in regulatory elements of the adaptive immune system that occur particularly after immune activation.
these differences could have ramifications to autoimmunity as well as immunology against infection and tumors.
objectives : to describe quality of care for feeding problems in advanced dementia and probability and predictors of weight loss and mortality.
design : prospective cohort.
setting : twenty-four nursing homes ( nhs ) .
participants : nursing home residents with advanced dementia and feeding problems and family surrogates ( n = @number@ ) .
measurements : family reported on quality of feeding care at enrollment and @number@ months.
organizational variables were obtained from administrator surveys and publically reported data.
family reported feeding assistance of moderate quality ; @percent@ felt the resident received less assistance than needed.
mortality risk was significant ; @percent@ died within @number@ months , @percent@ within @number@ months , and @percent@ within @number@ months.
weight loss was the only independent predictor of death.
conclusion : weight loss is a predictor of death in advanced dementia.
treatments can often stabilize weight , but weight loss should be used to trigger discussion of goals of care and treatment options.
design : prospective cohort study.
setting : older adults enrolled in the invecchiare in chianti study.
participants : community-dwelling participants aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
incidence of mobility disability was determined in participants able to walk @number@ m at baseline.
snca-ovx mice display age-dependent loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and motor impairments characteristic of parkinson disease.
this phenotype is preceded by early deficits in dopamine release from terminals in the dorsal , but not ventral , striatum.
such neurotransmission deficits are not seen at either noradrenergic or serotoninergic terminals.
dopamine release deficits are associated with an altered distribution of vesicles in dopaminergic axons in the dorsal striatum.
aged snca-ovx mice exhibit reduced firing of snc dopamine neurons in vivo measured by juxtacellular recording of neurochemically identified neurons.
this longitudinal phenotyping strategy in snca-ovx mice thus provides insights into the region-specific neuronal disturbances preceding and accompanying parkinson disease.
it has long been known that human cognitive function improves through young adulthood and then declines across the later life span.
just as elders show profound declines in cognitive function , they also show profound declines in choice rationality compared with their younger peers.
primary ovarian insufficiency ( poi ) and polycystic ovarian syndrome are ovarian diseases causing infertility.
although there is no effective treatment for poi , therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome include ovarian wedge resection or laser drilling to induce follicle growth.
underlying mechanisms for these disruptive procedures are unclear.
here , we explored the role of the conserved hippo signaling pathway that serves to maintain optimal size across organs and species.
we successfully promoted follicle growth , retrieved mature oocytes , and performed in vitro fertilization.
following embryo transfer , a healthy baby was delivered.
cancer commonly occurs in the elderly and immunotherapy ( it ) is being increasingly applied to this population.
however , the majority of preclinical mouse tumor models assessing potential efficacy and toxicities of therapeutics use young mice.
we assessed the impact of age on responses to systemic immune stimulation.
this inflammatory response and increased morbidity with age was independent of t cells or nk cells.
however , prior in vivo depletion of macrophages in aged mice resulted in lesser cytokine levels , increased survival , and decreased liver histopathology.
furthermore , macrophages from aged mice and normal human elderly volunteers displayed heightened tnf and il-6 production upon in vitro stimulation.
treatment of both tnf knockout mice and in vivo tnf blockade in aged mice resulted in significant increases in survival and lessened pathology.
importantly , tnf blockade in tumor-bearing , aged mice receiving it displayed significant anti-tumor effects.
it has been reported that mitofusin2 ( mfn2 ) inhibits cell proliferation when overexpressed.
mfn2-knockdown clones of a b-cell lymphoma cell line bjab exhibited an increased rate of cell proliferation.
mfn2 exerts its antiproliferative effect by acting as an effector molecule of ras , resulting in the inhibition of the ras-raf-erk signaling pathway.
the inhibition of proliferation by the n-terminal fragment was independent of its mitochondrial localization.
collectively , our data provide new insights regarding the role of mfn2 in controlling cellular proliferation.
management of chronic edema using compression is crucial to promote healing of venous leg ulcers.
this article synthesizes and appraises the evidence for various types of compression therapies.
bace1 is being evaluated as an anti-aβ target for ad therapy.
recent studies indicate that bace1 elevation is associated with axonal and presynaptic pathology during plaque development.
evidence also points to a biological role for bace1 in axonal outgrowth and synapse formation during development.
in this review , we discuss pharmaceutical bace1 inhibition as a therapeutic option for axonal pathogenesis , in addition to amyloid pathology.
we further elaborate the occurrence of axonal pathology in some other neurological conditions.
finally , we propose pharmacological inhibition of excessive bace1 activity as an option to mitigate early axonal pathology occurring in ad and other neurological disorders.
purpose : to investigate the relationship between the central spatial profile of macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) and increasing age in normal eyes.
methods : ninety-eight individuals ( aged 19-71 years ) with good visual acuity , free from ocular disease , and with clear ocular media participated.
mpod was measured at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@.75° eccentricity from the foveal centre using a heterochromatic flicker photometry based densitometer instrument.
fifteen percent of all participants had a non-exponential mpod spatial profile.
conclusion : there was no statistically significant relationship between mpod and increasing age for three of the four locations measured.
objective : to compare calculated and reported rates of high-risk prescribing among medicare advantage plans.
design : cross-sectional comparison.
setting : @number@ medicare advantage plans.
approximately @percent@ of plans underreported rates of high-risk prescribing relative to calculated rates derived from part d claims.
the differences in the calculated and reported rates negatively affected quality rankings for the plans that most accurately reported rates.
among those correctly included in the high-risk prescribing denominator , the reported rate of high-risk prescribing was @percent@ and the calculated rate was @percent@.
limitation : a single quality measure was assessed.
primary funding source : health assessment lab and national institute on aging.
background / aims : erythrocytes may enter eryptosis , a suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte outer membrane.
susceptibility to eryptosis is enhanced in aged erythrocytes and stimulated by nfκb-inhibitors bay 11-7082 and parthenolide.
here we explored whether expression of nfκb and susceptibility to inhibitor-induced eryptosis is sensitive to erythrocyte age.
methods : human erythrocytes were separated into five fractions , based on age-associated characteristics cell density and volume.
nfκb compared to ß-actin protein abundance was estimated by western blotting and cell volume from forward scatter.
phosphatidylserine exposure was identified using annexin-v binding.
results : nfκb was most abundant in young erythrocytes but virtually absent in aged erythrocytes.
both , bay 11-7082 ( @number@ µm ) and parthenolide ( @number@ µm ) triggered eryptosis , effects again most pronounced in aged erythrocytes.
conclusion : nfκb protein abundance is lowest and spontaneous eryptosis as well as susceptibility to bay 11-7082 and parthenolide highest in aged erythrocytes.
thus , inhibition of nfκb signalling alone is not responsible for the stimulation of eryptosis by parthenolide or bay 11-7082.
these results are consistent with previous histological and biochemical findings that hippocampal neurons are specifically affected by apoe4.
in conclusion , the present study shows that young apoe4 targeted replacement mice are impaired in numerous hippocampus-related learning and memory tasks.
objective : the vaginal microbiota helps protect the female genital tract from disease.
midvaginal bacterial community composition was characterized by 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis.
cst iv-a was characterized by streptococcus and prevotella , whereas cst iv-b was characterized by atopobium.
there were significant associations between menopause stage and cst ( p = @number@ ) and between vva and cst ( p = @number@ ) .
perimenopausal women were more likely to be classified as cst iv-a or l. gasseri cst , whereas postmenopausal women were often classified as cst iv-a.
csts dominated by l. crispatus and l. iners were more prevalent in premenopausal women.
nineteen participants had signs of mild or moderate vva.
conclusions : a distinct bacterial community state ( cst iv-a ) with a low relative abundance of lactobacillus is associated with vva.
future studies recruiting a larger number of women are needed to replicate the findings.
background : many chronic conditions have their roots in modifiable health-related behaviours.
self-reported smoking , alcohol consumption , exercise and fruit intake at baseline is also available.
results : ex-smokers and current smokers showed increased odds of locomotor disability , cvd and the combined outcome.
less regular exercisers had increased odds of all outcomes , particularly locomotor disability.
there was no evidence that alcohol or fruit intake was associated with any outcome.
all four lifestyle factors combined account for @percent@ of incident locomotor disability and @percent@ of incident conditions combined.
conclusions : never smokers and regular exercisers had substantially reduced odds of 7-year disability onset.
low pafs suggest changes in health-related behaviours in older women would result in only modest reductions in common chronic conditions.
importance : cognitive decline is a leading cause of disability and death in old age but its neurobiological bases are not well understood.
objective : to test the hypothesis that transactive response dna-binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) is related to late-life cognitive decline.
design , setting , and participants : longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort study involving more than @number@ catholic groups across the united states.
gross and microscopic cerebral infarcts and hippocampal sclerosis were also identified.
conclusion and relevance : the results suggest that tdp-43 is an important brain pathology underlying cognitive decline and dementia in old age.
structural connectivity in white matter pathways , representing the integrity of anatomical connections , underlies the communication between the nodes of these functional networks.
structural degeneration has been found in the entire cerebral white matter with greatest deterioration in frontal areas , affecting whole brain structural network efficiency.
with regard to functional connectivity , both higher and lower functional coupling has been observed in the aging compared to the young brain.
these studies demonstrate that enhancing task performance by tdcs is paralleled by increased connectivity within functional networks.
in this review , we outline the network perspective on healthy brain aging and discuss recent developments in this field.
prenatal neuroimaging requires reference models that reflect the normal spectrum of fetal brain development , and summarize observations from a representative sample of individuals.
the atlas is based on the annotation of a few examples , and a large number of imaging data without annotation.
it models the morphological and developmental variability across the population.
experimental results covering the gestational period of 20-30 gestational weeks demonstrate segmentation accuracy achievable with minimal annotation , and precision of morphological age estimation.
age estimation results on fetuses suffering from lissencephaly demonstrate that they detect significant differences in the age offset compared to a control group.
across species structural and functional hemispheric asymmetry is a fundamental feature of the brain.
environmental and genetic factors determine this asymmetry during brain development and modulate its interaction with brain disorders.
furthermore , entorhinal and hippocampal hemispheric asymmetry could be modified by pathology during alzheimer's disease development.
apoe-4 carriers showed a thinner entorhinal cortex in the left hemisphere when compared with the right hemisphere across all participants.
non-carriers of the allele showed this asymmetry only in the patient group.
cortical thickness in the hippocampus did not vary between hemispheres among apoe-4 allele carriers and non-carriers.
the apoe-4 allele modulates hemispheric asymmetry in entorhinal cortical thickness.
among alzheimer's disease patients , this asymmetry might be less dependent on the apoe genotype and a more general marker of incipient disease pathology.
objective : to determine how age may modulate the association of a history of cancer with a 12-month history of anxiety and depressive disorders.
methods : the authors used population-based , cross-sectional surveys , the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys.
these surveys were conducted in the united states in 2001-2003 and included @number@ adult participants , of whom @number@ reported a cancer history.
the composite international diagnostic interview evaluated the presence of a 12-month history of anxiety and depressive disorders.
conclusion : the authors ' findings suggest a considerable age-dependent variation with regard to anxiety and depressive disorders in adults with a cancer history.
investigation of the mechanisms contributing to this apparent age differential in risk could have important mental illness treatment implications in this population.
profiles or patterns of performance as pre-clinical phenotypes may be more useful than individual test scores or measures of global decline.
prior factor analyses of this battery demonstrated a four-factor structure comprising memory , attention , language , and executive function.
associations between latent profiles and disease outcomes an average of @number@ years later were evaluated with multinomial regression models.
similar analyses were used to determine predictors of profile membership.
results : four groups were identified ; each with distinct characteristics and significantly associated with later disease outcomes.
two groups were significantly associated with development of cognitive impairment.
human brain imaging has seen many advances in the quantification of white matter in vivo.
a clear understanding is lacking.
furthermore i hypothesize that both conditions are restricted to the glabrous palmar skin because of unique anatomical characteristics.
palmar skin is highly porous to water and contains abundant specialized vasculature densely innervated by sympathetic nerves and has unique epidermal anchoring for gripping purposes.
we aimed to evaluate structural changes in amyloid-negative and amyloid-positive amci patients.
forty-eight amci patients who underwent pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) positron emission tomography were recruited.
they were classified as pib ( - ) amci ( n = @number@ ) and pib ( + ) ( n = @number@ ) .
hippocampal shape and regional cortical thickness were compared with @number@ subjects with normal cognition ( nc ) .
we hypothesized that lrrk2-susceptible allele ( s ) for pd might pose a risk for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
no variant was identified to be associated with ad in either case-control sample.
excessive intracranial pulsatility is thought to damage the cerebral microcirculation , causing cognitive decline in elderly individuals.
we investigated relationships between brain structure and measures related to intracranial pulsatility among healthy elderly.
thirty-seven stroke-free , non-demented individuals ( 62-82 years of age ) were included.
the strongest relationships concerned the temporal lobe cortex and hippocampus.
these findings were also coherent with observations of positive relationships between intracranial pulsatility and ventricular volume.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have been shown to be a powerful approach to identify risk loci for neurodegenerative diseases.
contributing to these gwas efforts , we performed genotyping of previously identified risk alleles in pd patients and control subjects from greece.
we showed that previously published risk profiles for northern european and american populations are also applicable to the greek population.
genome-wide complex trait analysis revealed that known risk loci explain disease risk in @percent@ of greek pd patients.
cognitive status ranged from normal to demented and ad neuropathology ranged from none to severe.
however , medial temporal tangles were related to age independent of neuritic plaques.
these results support a primary amyloid-based ad process that accounts for neocortical tangles and makes the largest contribution to medial temporal tangles.
a second , age-related but non-amyloid process likely contributes to medial temporal lobe tangles.
his sister carried the same gene defect and showed a similar type of tdp-43 / p62 pathology in her brain.
the mutations were not found in our study , suggesting that they are not a common cause of pd in south african patients.
further studies are needed on the frequency of these @number@ mutations in other sub-saharan african populations.
the deregulation of b cell differentiation has been shown to contribute to autoimmune disorders , hematological cancers , and aging.
human multiple myeloma b cell lines also lack aldh1a1 expression ; however , ectopic aldh1a1 expression rescued rara and znf423 expressions in these cells.
our data highlight a mechanism by which an enzyme involved in vitamin a metabolism can improve b cell resistance to oncogenesis.
improvements in health care have increased human life expectancy in recent decades , and the elderly population is thus increasing in most developed countries.
unfortunately this still means increased years of poor health or disability.
the present review points out the role of oxidative stress in aging and the potential therapeutic targets of modern antioxidant therapies.
due to their relevance in cellular physiology , defects in mitochondria are associated with various human diseases.
moreover , several years of research have demonstrated that mitochondria have a pivotal role in aging.
in this review we will discuss the mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in aging.
aging is a stage of life of all living organisms.
accrued damaged molecules in cells may either induce cellular death or contribute to develop various pathologies.
hence , programmed cell death mechanisms , apoptosis and autophagy , play a vital role in the aging process.
in this review , we summarized our current understanding and hypotheses regarding oxidative stress and age-related dysregulation of cell death signalling pathways.
scientific evidence links physical activity to several benefits.
recently , we proposed the idea that exercise can be regarded as a drug.
as with many drugs , dosage is of great importance.
however , to issue a public recommendation of physical activity in aging is not an easy task.
exercise in the elderly needs to be carefully tailored and individualized with the specific objectives of the person or group in mind.
subsequently , dosage of exercise and the molecular signaling pathways involved in its adaptations are discussed.
two of the main redox-sensitive signaling pathways altered in old skeletal muscle during exercise , nf-κb and pgc-1α , are also reviewed.
the last section of the manuscript is devoted to the age-associated diseases in which exercise is contraindicated.
finally , we address the option of applying exercise mimetics as an alternative for disabled old people.
the overall denouement is that exercise is so beneficial that it should be deemed a drug both for young and old populations.
frailty has emerged as one of the most relevant clinical syndromes in older patients.
the mechanisms leading to frailty typically involve several systems : mainly hormones , oxidative stress , inflammation , immunity , and vascular system.
one of the most outstanding pillars of the frailty syndrome is the loss of muscle quantity and function , referred to as sarcopenia.
results have been disappointing , except for the case of testosterone that have shown some benefits.
aditional research and further experimental testing will help to identify new targets and help to make this journey successful.
tocopherols , with a phytyl side chain in its chroman ring , belong to vitamin e family and have several effects on organisms.
they are also classified as therapeutics against different types of human diseases.
especially important roles in cell signaling and gene regulatory mechanisms make tocopherols crucial as therapeutic agents.
aging is accompanied with several degenerative disorders including cardiovascular , neuronal and metabolic diseases.
the role of free radical damage in aging has been identified and tocopherols were shown to be involved in age related disorders.
recent studies and future directions will be focused in this review regarding the molecular functions of tocopherols.
the science and study of the biological basis of aging , biogerontology , is now a well-established field with solid scientific base.
this viewpoint separates the modulation of aging from the treatment of one or more age-related diseases.
a promising strategy in biogerontology is to slow down aging and to extend healthspan by hormetin-mediated hormesis.
physical , nutritional and mental hormetins , which initiate stress responses and strengthen the homeodynamics , are potentially effective aging modulators.
a number of studies reported a relation between longevity , oxidative stress and age-related diseases.
every aerobic organism is inevitably exposed to a permanent flux of free radicals and oxidants.
due to the limited activity of antioxidant and repair mechanisms , levels of reactive oxygen species can increase during aging.
in addition , modified and impaired proteins can cross-link and form the bases of many senescence-associated alterations and also of neurodegenerative diseases.
during cellular differentiation and aging , both systems are subject to extensive changes that significantly affect their proteolytic activity.
it has been suggested that highly modified proteins and undegradable protein aggregates also affect the intracellular proteolytic systems.
therefore , it is essential to understand the relationship between protein oxidation , intracellular proteolytic systems and cellular defence mechanisms.
loss of subcutaneous fat is a hallmark of ageing usually starting in the face.
attempts to ameliorate cosmetically the appearance of subcutaneous fat loss have been of limited success as they fail to rebuild the missing subcutaneous tissue.
the neolignan ( dde ) caused a @percent@ increase in lipid accumulation in murine 3t3-l1 cells.
in addition , dde diminished both basal and tnfα-induced lipolysis.
similar results were obtained in human subcutaneous ( hsc ) pre-adipocytes cultured in an age-adapted hormone mix with reduced levels of insulin and dexamethasone.
in this system , dde significantly increased lipid accumulation by @percent@ and @percent@ and was associated with an induction of pparγ2 and adiponectin mrna expression.
dde also reduced basal lipolysis in mature hsc adipocytes.
taken together , these studies identify dde as a compound well suited to prevent and reverse loss of subcutaneous fat.
the purpose of this paper is to clarify the age-associated changes in walking movements.
statement of problem : advanced high-strength dental ceramics based on zirconium oxide are widely used for dental restorations.
however , their durability in liquids has been questioned.
disks were prepared with a surface conditioning as for copings provided for dental restorations.
after immersion for @number@ week , the liquid was analyzed for a range of elements with icp-ms.
fracture probability was analyzed by maximum likelihood attribution of individual measurements to @number@ or @number@ weibull distributions , each with @number@ free parameters.
results : dissolution was found to be limited.
the mean strength was reduced for all materials after immersion in the fluid.
weibull statistics revealed @number@ fracture mechanisms in y-tzp milled in fully sintered condition.
for dy only , @number@ distributions significantly ( p > .99 ) improved the description of individual treatment data.
conclusions : y-tzp materials showed the highest biaxial flexure strength.
immersion for @number@ week in hot @number@ vol% acetic acid weakened all @number@ zirconia materials by @number@ to @number@ mpa.
milling in the presintered state resulted in less variability than milling in the hiped state.
mg-psz exhibited the least variability.
we examined if obesity modifies the clinical presentation , lv morphology , outflow hemodynamics , and exercise tolerance in hc.
obesity was also associated with reduced exercise time and functional capacity , and bmi independently correlated with reduced exercise tolerance.
in conclusion , obesity is associated with larger lv mass , worse symptoms , lower exercise tolerance , and labile obstructive hemodynamics in hc.
we found that the extra-ocular muscles received no or very few th-positive nerve fibers.
we did not find nnos-positive fibers in any of these muscle-nerves.
consequently , the head and neck muscles seemed to receive much fewer sympathetic nerves than limb muscles.
there was no evidence that nnos-positive nerves contributed to vasodilation of feeding arteries in striated muscles.
this site-dependent difference in sympathetic innervation would reflect its commitment to muscle activity.
however , we did not find any rules determining the density of nerves according to muscle fiber type and the mode of muscle activity.
randomised clinical trials which focus on elderly mood disorders are not very common and the majority of them focus on pharmacological treatment of major depression.
aim : the aim of this study was to determine if aging is a factor that increases the intraoperative complication rate during phacoemulsification surgery.
the intraoperative complications which occurred during the operation were recorded.
binary logistics regression analysis , pearson's correlation analysis , and duncan's ( multiple range ) test were used for statistical analysis.
mean age of the patients was @number@ years ( range 38 93 years ) .
the incidence and risk of intraoperative complications in the age groups did not differ statistically ( duncan's test , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : age has no effect on the rate of intraoperative complications during phacoemulsification surgery.
introduction : primary care in the united states faces unprecedented challenges from an aging population and the accompanying prevalence of chronic disease.
methods : we analyzed data from the american academy of family physicians ' metric® pi-cme activity in a cohort of family physician learners.
the study utilized the 3-stage design standard approved for pi-cme.
baseline and follow-up performance data across a range of clinical and systems-based measures were compared in aggregate.
results : data were assessed for @number@ learners who completed the activity.
statistically significant changes occurred both for self-assessment of a range of practice aspects and for diabetes care measures.
based on the clinical data obtained from @number@ @number@ patient charts , @number@ out of @number@ diabetes measures were significantly improved.
this review aims to integrate the current knowledge of mechanisms underlying elevated sympathetic outflow with age.
the goal of this study was to identify factors associated with purchasing cigarettes from cheaper sources among adult smokers in china.
we examined whether sociodemographic factors and smoking intensity were associated with purchasing cigarettes from cheaper sources using the general estimating equations model.
sociodemographic factors considered were gender , age , marital status , monthly household income , education , employment status and city of residence.
results : @percent@ of smokers reported purchasing cigarettes from cheaper sources.
cortisol levels were assessed throughout the session.
all participants showed a decrease in performance self-esteem levels following the mist.
the subclinical group showed overall lower cortisol levels compared with the healthy group.
the findings point to important targets for future interventions.
human brain development has been studied intensively with neuroimaging.
in addition , the majority of psychiatric and mental disorders are polygenic , and many have onsets during childhood and adolescence.
in this review , we summarize the major findings from neuroimaging studies that link genetics with brain development , from infancy to young adulthood.
specifically , we focus on the heritability of brain structures across the ages , age-related genetic influences on brain development and sex-specific developmental trajectories.
sperm quality declines with aging ; however , the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.
the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) has been shown to play an essential role in fertilizing capacity of sperm and male fertility.
this study aimed to investigate the involvement of age-dependent cftr downregulation in lowering sperm quality in old age.
expression of cftr was determined by rt-pcr , western blot , and immunofluorescence staining.
collected sperm were treated with cftr inhibitor or potentiator.
sperm quality was assessed by motility and bicarbonate-induced capacitation.
the results showed that the expression of cftr on the equatorial segment and neck region of sperm was significantly decreased in an age-dependent manner.
activation of cftr by genistein partially rescued the decreased forward motility in sperm from old men.
decreased cftr expression in sperm was also found to be associated with lowered sperm quality in aging mice.
these results suggest that age-dependent downregulation of cftr in sperm leads to lowered sperm quality in old age sperm.
cftr may be a pontential target for rescuing sperm motility as well as a fertility indicator in old age men.
this study examines patterns of incarceration among vietnam veterans treated in specialized veterans affairs ( va ) intensive ptsd programs over time.
rates of reported incarceration declined from @number@ to @percent@.
rates of incarceration among these vietnam veterans declined as they aged.
furthermore , african american veterans were substantially more likely than caucasian veterans to have been incarcerated and showed less decline as the cohort aged.
while reduced , needs for clinical ptsd services remain among aging combat veterans.
methods : cross-sectional analysis of wave @number@ data from the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) was performed.
a subset of @number@ participants who underwent ecg recording during resting and paced breathing periods were used for the analysis.
hrv indices were divided into quintiles for comparison of values and cognitive performance was defined using the montreal cognitive assessment ( moca ) score.
multivariate linear regression was used to model the association between cognition and different quintiles of each hrv index , after adjustment for covariates.
results : the mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years and @number@ ( @number@ % ) were female.
sub-domains of moca responsible for the relationship were predominantly memory recall and language.
interpretation : reduced hrv is significantly associated with lower cognitive performance at a population level in people aged @number@ and older.
this further strengthens the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and cognitive disorders.
objectives : to examine perceived age discrimination in a large representative sample of older adults in england.
wave @number@ asked respondents about the frequency of five everyday discriminatory situations.
participants who attributed any experiences of discrimination to their age were treated as cases of perceived age discrimination.
multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of experiencing perceived age discrimination in relation to selected sociodemographic factors.
results : approximately a third ( @percent@ ) of all respondents experienced age discrimination , rising to @percent@ in those aged @number@ and over.
perceived age discrimination was associated with older age , higher education , lower levels of household wealth and being retired or not in employment.
the correlates of age discrimination across the five discriminatory situations were similar.
conclusion : understanding age discrimination is vital if we are to develop appropriate policies and to target future interventions effectively.
self-reported emotion regulation measures were completed prior to the session.
results : older adults ' performance under threat suggested a prevention-focused approach to the task , indexed by increased accuracy and reduced speed.
the same pattern was observed in younger adults , but the effects were not as strong.
age differences emerged when examining the availability of working memory resources under threat , with young adults showing decrements , whereas older adults did not.
emotion regulation abilities moderated threat effects in young adults but not in older adults.
conclusions : the results provide support for the notion that stereotype threat may lead to underperformance through somewhat different pathways in older and younger adults.
future research should further examine whether the underlying reason for this age difference is rooted in age-related improvements in emotion regulation.
method : respondents reported anger expression via survey assessments and completed an overnight clinic visit.
results : unadjusted metabolic syndrome prevalence was @percent@.
men , less educated individuals , and those who reported not getting regular physical activity were at significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome.
anger expression did not predict higher risk for metabolic syndrome in main effects models , but it moderated the relationship between age and metabolic syndrome.
age-associated risk for metabolic syndrome was significant only for adults with high anger expression.
discussion : among older adults , anger expression predicted higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
older adults reporting low anger expression had metabolic syndrome rates comparable to younger adults.
results highlight that failing to show the frequently observed decline in anger expression with age may have pernicious health concomitants.
objectives : although theorists acknowledge that beliefs about emotions may play a role in age-related emotion behavior , no research has explored these beliefs.
this research examined beliefs about the experience and expression of emotions across the life span , especially across the adult years.
results : younger and older adults held similar beliefs about the course of emotions across the life span.
moreover , these beliefs differed across emotion categories.
background : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is associated with higher risk of dementia and alzheimer's disease.
to better understand the mechanism , we examined neuropathologic changes seen with af.
participants were people aged @number@ and older , community-dwelling , and nondemented at study enrollment , who died during follow-up and underwent autopsy.
af was defined from medical records.
the primary study outcomes were gross infarcts , neuritic plaques , and neurofibrillary tangles , ascertained using consensus guidelines.
adjusted relative risks and @percent@ cis were calculated using modified poisson regression , weighted to account for selection into the autopsy cohort.
results : three hundred and twenty-eight participants underwent autopsy ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) had af.
alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes were not associated with ever having af but were more common in people with permanent af.
conclusions : af is associated with gross infarcts.
permanent af may contribute to alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes , but more study is needed.
background : objective measures of loneliness and poor social contacts are associated with negative health outcomes.
however , the influence of subjective loneliness among elderly persons is poorly documented.
we hypothesized that loneliness among persons aged 70-90 years is associated with subsequent decline in health , function , and longevity.
a representative sample of @number@ @number@ and @number@ participants born 1920-1921 were assessed at home at ages @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively.
participants were asked how often they felt lonely , with answers dichotomized to never versus rarely / often / very often.
the only factor consistently associated at all ages with increased likelihood of loneliness was not being married.
loneliness was not associated with mortality among the participants aged 70-78 , 78-85 , and 85-90.
we repeated all data analysis , without excluding depressed participants , without any change in overall findings.
conclusions : our findings do not support the hypothesis that subjective loneliness is associated with increased morbidity or mortality from age @number@ to @number@
objective : fall prevention is a major issue in the ageing society.
this study provides an overview of all risk factors for falls of older citizens.
method : a literature search was conducted to retrieve studies of the past @number@ years.
all participants from the studies lived in the community or institutions and were aged @number@ or older.
the following key word combinations were used , limited to the title : elderly or older people or older adults and fall and risk.
the risk factors were categorised as relevant and amendable , relevant but non amendable , inconclusive or unsupported.
results : in total @number@ publications were studied in @number@ in enschede , the netherlands.
the relevant intrinsic risk factors are muscle strength , balance capacity , reactive power , dual tasking and sleep disturbance.
relevant extrinsic risk factors are home hazards , wrong use of assistive devices and bad footwear.
behaviour-related risk factors are hurrying , risk taking , physical inactivity and fear of falling.
conclusions : several risk factors are determined to be relevant and amendable.
the provided overview could be used to create fall preventive measures for elderly.
methods : this descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in tabriz city , iran.
data were collected in @number@ by personal home-based interviews , using structured questionnaires.
this review highlights the literature surrounding this topic on the prominently studied and documented polyphenols as pertaining to cardiovascular health and aging.
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an increasing incidence in females.
an understanding of the risk factors acting during development is particularly limited.
given a rodent's short gestational and developmental period , the effects of developmental exposure can also be readily addressed.
nonetheless , studies in this area so far are few.
we searched for neuropsychological and demographical predictors of rl impairment.
an ecological assessment procedure of rl was employed and landmarks learning and navigational abilities were evaluated.
the consortium to establish a registry of alzheimer's disease test battery was used for neuropsychological assessment.
results : almost all ad patients , and most subjects with mci misidentified landmarks and made navigational errors when following the route without assistance.
moreover , a small subgroup of normal controls also had problems with rl.
poor rl performance was best predicted by impairments in memory and executive functions.
conclusions : rl impairment is common in early ad and mci , and is occasionally also found in normal elderly subjects.
its characteristic appearance is a combination of poor landmark recognition and defective directional guidance.
poor rl can be predicted by neuropsychological testing.
in mci and in a subset of normal aged persons , rl impairment may herald incipient dementia.
effectiveness was also assessed.
methods : a total of @number@ subjects were enrolled in this 24-week investigation at three sites in the united states.
all were injected bilaterally for nasolabial fold correction with cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid.
adverse events reported were typical of dermal filler injections with respect to type , rate , duration , and severity.
epigenome-wide mapping studies in homogenous cell populations will inform our understanding of normal variation in the methylome that is not associated with disease or aging.
research exploring cognitive processing associated with williams syndrome ( ws ) has suggested that executive functioning deficits exist across the developmental spectrum.
such executive functions include problem solving , planning , dividing attention and inhibiting responses.
compared to both groups of typical matches , the results indicated atypicalities of attention and inhibition in adults with ws.
rotating night-shift work , which can disrupt circadian rhythm , may adversely affect long-term health.
we focused on shift work through midlife ( here , ages 58-68 years ) because cognitive decline is thought to begin during this period.
there was little association between shift work and average cognition in later life or between shift work and cognitive decline.
overall , this study does not clearly support the hypothesis that shift-work history in midlife has long-term effects on cognition in older adults.
patients with lower lid laxity , prior surgery , trauma , significant excess skin , or festoons were excluded.
the technique uses a lateral incision with dissection under the orbicularis and anterior to the orbital septum with release of the orbitomalar ligament.
loupe magnification is used.
the nasal orbicularis fibers are released and the fat compartments are released and sewn to the midface fat using 6-0 transcutaneous sutures.
an orbicularis muscle lift is performed for support and a lateral retinacular suspension is performed if necessary.
results : follow-up ranged from @number@ months to @number@ years , and there have been no major complications.
all patients have been satisfied with the results.
clinical question / level of evidence : therapeutic , iv.
background : the tear trough and palpebromalar groove are of increasing interest to plastic surgeons , but their mechanisms of formation remain unclear.
this study evaluated the anatomical foundation for tear trough and palpebromalar groove.
cross-sectional specimens and tissue sections were compared between the two groups to identify the differences.
results : the malar fat pad becomes atrophic and descends with aging.
the orbicularis retaining ligament arose from the inferior orbital rim and ended at the junction of palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
the ligament limited the descent of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
the orbicularis retaining ligament continued with the origin of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the dense muscular attachment arose from the maxilla.
histologic evaluation confirmed the ligamentous features of the orbicularis retaining ligament.
these findings may be of value in blepharoplasty and midfacial rejuvenation.
purpose : myopia and astigmatism are highly prevalent in the hong kong chinese.
this study aimed to determine the effects of age and myopic astigmatism ( ma ) on the corneal shape factors in the hong kong chinese.
refractive errors were measured by noncycloplegic subjective refraction.
corneal astigmatism and corneal shape factors were measured by the scheimpflug-based pentacam.
compared with em , ma had more prolate temporal semi-ps in all the three age groups ( p < @number@ ) .
strikingly , age and refractive errors also had significant impacts on the asymmetry of the corneal shape along the horizontal meridian.
conclusions : corneal shapes were influenced by age and ma in the hong kong chinese.
these results highlight the importance of controlling these factors when designing a study on corneal shape.
niemann-pick type c ( npc ) disease is caused by a deficiency of either npc1 or npc2.
loss of function of either protein results in the progressive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in every tissue leading to cell death and organ damage.
most literature on npc disease focuses on neurological and liver manifestations.
pulmonary dysfunction is less well described.
similar measurements were made in npc2 ( - / - ) mice at 70days.
all mice were of the balb / c strain and were fed a basal rodent chow diet.
in contrast , lung triacylglycerol content was reduced while there was no change in lung fatty acid synthesis.
despite the elevated pl content , the composition of pl in the lungs of the npc1 ( - / - ) mice was unchanged.
similar metabolic and histologic changes were evident in the lungs of the npc2 ( - / - ) mice.
together these findings demonstrate an intrinsic lung pathology in npc disease that is of early onset and worsens over time.
presepsin is elevated in patients developing infections and increases in a severity-dependent manner.
we aimed to evaluate circulating values of this new biomarker in a population free of any acute infectious disorder.
presepsin plasmatic concentrations were measured on the pathfast point-of-care analyzer.
presepsin concentrations were significantly increased in patients with kidney dysfunction.
aging was an independent predictor of an elevated presepsin value.
in conclusion , presepsin concentrations increase with age and kidney dysfunction.
therefore interpretation of presepsin concentrations might be altered in the elderly or in patients with impaired renal function.
adapted thresholds are needed for specific populations.
the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) by organophosphorous chemical warfare agents necessitates that antidotes be administered for effective treatment.
currently no antidote is known that resurrects the phosphyl-ache complex once aging has occurred.
this report characterizes the affinities of over @number@ new ache inhibitors which could act as resurrecting agents for the aged ache-op adduct.
cigarette smoke represents the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .
cigarette smoke extracts ( cse ) alter tlr4 expression and activation in bronchial epithelial cells.
carbocysteine , an anti-oxidant and mucolytic agent , is effective in reducing the severity and the rate of exacerbations in copd patients.
the effects of carbocysteine on tlr4 expression and on the tlr4 activation downstream events are largely unknown.
this study was aimed to explore whether carbocysteine , in a human bronchial epithelial cell line ( 16-hbe ) , counteracted some pro-inflammatory cse-mediated effects.
actin reorganization , a prerequisite for cell migration , was determined using atto @number@ phalloidin in neutrophils by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
in conclusion , the present study provides compelling evidences that carbocysteine may contribute to control the inflammatory and senescence processes present in smokers.
design : experimental cross-sectional design.
setting : clinic.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : participants were tested twice with the bru and once with the smart equitest sensory organization test ( sot ) .
the copap and copml time series were used to estimate the area and velocity of the cop.
the older control group had significantly greater cop area and velocity compared with younger controls for the bru and the sot.
the cop ( area , velocity ) was significantly higher for the younger individuals in the vestibular group than the younger controls.
conclusions : the reliability and validity of cop measurements obtained during testing of the sensory integration processes were demonstrated using the bru.
future work should examine the responsiveness of these measures when individuals with balance disorders participate in rehabilitation.
life span extension has been a goal of research for several decades.
resetting circadian rhythms leads to well being and increased life span , while clock disruption is associated with increased morbidity accelerated aging.
this review focuses on the circadian aspects of energy metabolism and their relationship with aging in mammals.
objective : the aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the influence of age on optical properties of pure enamel and enamel-dentine complex.
in both groups , the tooth's total area of the upper right central incisor was recorded.
areas of 2mm thick pure enamel and 3mm enamel-dentine complex were detected and their l a b and cr evaluated.
the correspondent opacity was @percent@.
the correspondent opacity was @percent@.
the correspondent opacity was @percent@.
the correspondent opacity was @percent@.
clinical significance : l and a values of enamel over white and black backgrounds were statistically different within the @number@ age groups considered.
l values over white background and a values over black background of the enamel dentine complex seem to change with age.
the opacity ( cr ) for enamel nor for enamel dentine complex does not change within the two age groups considered in this study.
contrary to the healthy controls , right brain damage decreased ( but did not abolish ) spatial priming.
right brain damaged patients did not modulate the magnitude of the spatial priming effect with variation in repeat frequency , as did the control groups.
such deficits could contribute to functional deficits and a poorer response to rehabilitation.
the association with colorectal cancer prognosis remains widely unexplored.
results : no association was found between vdr polymorphism and crc specific and all-cause mortality.
all @percent@ confidence intervals included the null value.
the link between brain iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative disease has been the subject of extensive research.
it was found that the iron distribution in the adult human brain is quite heterogeneous.
globally , iron levels proved to be age-related.
the positive correlation between iron levels and age was most significant in the basal ganglia ( caudate nucleus , putamen and globus pallidus ) .
we determined whether acute inhibition of tnf-α improves vascular endothelial function and decreases arterial stiffness in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women.
results and conclusions : baseline carotid artery compliance and brachial artery fmd were lower in postmenopausal than premenopausal women ( p < @number@ ) .
these results suggest that tnf-α contributes to impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and arterial stiffening in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women.
the role of dna damage in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been extensively investigated in recent decades.
unraveling these molecular mechanisms provide the rationale for the development of novel efficient therapies to combat the vascular aging process.
although bach2 has never before been associated with uv-induced damage or ageing , it shows a strong downregulation in both conditions.
the results of a variety of non-redundant analyses across both studies revealed a dimensional latent structure for odd symptoms among both children and adults.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) are both significant clinical problems characterized by debilitating symptoms with limited available treatments.
interestingly , both neurological diseases are characterized by neurovascular damage.
this impaired brain vasculature correlates with the onset of dementia , a symptom associated with hippocampal degeneration seen in both diseases.
our hypothesis is supported by recent data reporting expedited ad pathology in presymptomatic transgenic ad mice subjected to tbi.
study design : prospective observational cohort study.
predictor : egfr ≥ @number@ 45-59 , and < 45 ml / min / 1.73 m ( @number@ ) .
outcome : life-space mobility trajectory.
measurements : life-space mobility was evaluated by telephone every @number@ months for up to @number@ years using the previously validated life-space assessment.
scores using this tool range from 0-120 ( higher scores indicate greater mobility ) .
limitations : urinary albumin or longitudinal measures of egfr were not available.
findings should be confirmed in a larger population.
objective : available clinical data raise the possibility that stress-adaptive mechanisms differ by gender.
however , this notion has not been rigorously tested in relation to cortisol-mediated negative feedback.
acth and cortisol concentrations were measured every @number@ min during the feedback-clamp phase and thereafter ( recovery or escape phase ) .
corticosteroid-binding globulin ( cbg ) was measured , and free cortisol concentrations were calculated.
results : gender did not determine mean acth concentrations during the saline or cortisol feedback-clamp phases per se.
attenuated acth recovery in post-menopausal women may have relevance to sex differences in stress-related adaptations.
relative to healthy controls , the pd patient group showed reduced functional connectivity in mesolimbic-striatal and corticostriatal loops.
no increased functional connectivity was found in this cohort.
this study offers additional insight into the early functional integration of neural networks in pd.
food intake was recorded by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire.
analysis of acetic , propionic , and butyric acid concentrations was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
potato intake was directly associated with scfa concentrations and apple intake with propionate concentration.
in conclusion , our results provide further evidence regarding the relation between diet and scfa concentration in the elderly.
transitioning from standing to walking requires equilibrium to be maintained while a forward propulsive force is generated.
the ability to manage these competing demands is compromised by the progressive sensory , neural and motor declines associated with aging.
participants stood comfortably and then walked at a self-selected pace for @number@.2m.
gait speed and step length ( sl ) both significantly decreased with each age category at each of the first four steps.
with successive steps , 20-25 yo demonstrated a progressive decrease in sl variability , but sl variability of the two older groups did not change.
step width ( sw ) did not change as a function of age , but sw variability was higher for the two older groups.
higher sl and sw variability may reflect more errors in foot placement and / or decreased center of mass control in the older groups.
female sexual dysfunctions ( fsds ) range from short-term aggravations to major emotional disturbances adversely affecting family and workplace.
this review highlights diagnosis and management of the four most widely diagnosed fsds.
successful resolution of hsdd frequently facilitates resolution of other disorders.
central to understanding hsdd is the impact of aging female sexual endocrinology and its effect on both prevalence and expression patterns of fsd.
advances in this field have enabled introduction of some the most effective treatments yet described for hsdd.
sexual arousal disorder , though commonly affected by the same factors as hsdd , is heavily associated with psychotropic drugs and mood elevators.
orgasmic disorder is frequently the downstream result of other sexual dysfunctions , particularly hsdd , or the result of a major psychosexual trauma.
successful management of the underlying disorder often resolves orgasmic disorder.
this article ends with the article's most important note : how to initiate the conversation.
to test our hypothesis , an exploratory latent class analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used.
results : brd prevalence among older adults suffering from depression was @percent@.
the principal factors associated with brd were widowhood and lower level of education.
individuals with brd are less likely to consult medical services and be dispensed an antidepressant , compared to nbrd.
conclusion : no evidence was found that brd differed from non brd in terms of depressive symptoms and persistence.
the bereavement exclusion criterion in the dsm-iv should be reconsidered.
however , our current understanding of molecular and cellular signaling that controls human dopaminergic development and function is limited.
here , we report on a whole genome analysis of gene expression during dopaminergic differentiation of human esc / ipsc using illumina bead microarrays.
this data set provides comprehensive information about genes expressed at each stage of differentiation.
our data indicate that distinct pathways are activated during neural and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation.
such analyses will serve as the foundation for better understanding of dopaminergic development , function , and development of future stem cell-based therapies.
public health agencies are facing a convergence of forces that require a reexamination of the existing paradigm.
in addition , the uncertainty of health care reform poses a challenge for public health leadership.
this \ "perfect storm \ " provides the opportunity for the social work paradigm to come in and fill the void.
in addition to excretion of metabolic waste products , organic ionic transporters facilitate uptake of specific compounds of physiological importance.
egt can accumulate in the body at up to millimolar concentrations and is believed to function as a physiological antioxidant.
however the main function of egt and the reasons for its active accumulation in the body remain obscure.
through bioinformatic approaches , we identified an analogous egt transporter in the nematode , caenorhabditis elegans.
the present study investigated and characterized deletion mutants of this gene , @date@ in the nematodes.
gene deletion mutations of the @date@ transporter were shown to decrease overall lifespan of the worms and increase oxidative damage.
objective : a limited but growing body of evidence supports a significant role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrients in pulmonary health.
subjects : chinese older adults ( n @number@ ) aged @number@ years and above in the singapore longitudinal ageing studies.
supplemental n-3 pufa was also positively associated with forced vital capacity ( b = 0·091 , se = 0·045 , p = 0·045 ) .
no significant association with daily dairy product intake , vitamin d or se supplements was observed.
conclusions : the findings support the roles of antioxidant vitamins and n-3 pufa in the pulmonary health of older persons.
the current analyses further explored the sib-8 scale with respect to its validity and sensitivity.
internal consistency / agreement and correlations between the sib and sib-8 and other clinical end points were evaluated.
internal consistency / agreement between the full sib and sib-8 was good ( cronbach's alphas : @number@.77-0.95 ) .
scores on both sib scales were moderately associated with functional measures at baseline and week @number@
conclusions : in this post hoc analysis , similar treatment effects were measured by the full sib and the sib-8.
carotenoids may help to prevent the ageing of the brain.
previous findings regarding β-carotene alone are not consistent.
cognitive performance was assessed in @date@ using six neuropsychological tests , and a composite cognitive score was computed.
a correlation between cdp and consumption of orange- and green-coloured fruits and vegetables , vegetable oils and soup was observed.
in contrast , a perceived performance climate was related to external regulation and amotivation through the mediation of unpleasant / dysfunctional psychobiosocial states.
regression analysis results also showed that discrete psychobiosocial states accounted for a significant proportion of variance in motivational variables.
background : neuropsychological testing is a prime criterion of good practice to document cognitive deficits in a rapidly aging population.
telecommunication technologies may overcome limitations related to test administration.
materials and methods : to validate the italian version of the vmmse , we compared its performance with standard f2f.
the sample ( n = 342 ) was administered three vmmses within @number@ weeks after f2f testing.
intra / rr and inter / rr were highly significant.
conclusions : this study demonstrates that vmmse is a valid instrument in clinical and research screening and monitoring of subjects affected by cognitive disorders.
our findings have important implications for both longitudinal assistance and clinical care of demented patients.
objectives : substantial evidence indicates that depressed participants perform more poorly than nondepressed participants on a number of memory tasks.
results : results provide partial support for cbt as a treatment for depressive symptoms ; however , memory training augmentation did not produce improvements.
conclusion : suggestions for improving retention of older adults in self-administered treatments are discussed.
objective : the implementation of bereavement interventions is frequently requested , and its effectiveness has been controversial.
( @number@ ) two months later , the icg , bdi and ies-r assessments were repeated.
results : outcome measures showed a statistically significant reduction of cg , depressive and traumatic symptoms compared to the controls.
very high effect sizes for the icg , bdi and ies-r reflect the effectiveness of the intervention along the longitudinal profile.
racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and quality are well documented for some minority groups.
this paper reviews existing data on racial and ethnic disparities in use of and quality of palliative care and outlines priorities for future research.
millions of patients are hospitalized for acute heart failure ( ahf ) every year throughout the world.
despite tremendous advances in cardiovascular care , morbidity and mortality for ahf remain high , consuming billions of health care dollars.
with the aging of the population , the incidence and prevalence of hf is projected to increase.
yet , initial treatment of ahf today is similar to @number@ years ago.
multiple studies have yielded new insights regarding initial management , with regards to both treatment and strategies of care.
these advances will be reviewed in the context of initial or early ahf management.
there remains , however , an unmet need to improve outcomes for ahf patients.
the burden of hip fractures in elderly population has been growing worldwide.
a particular focus has been directed towards identifying persons at high risk of fracture.
in fact , the risk of hip fractures in the elderly is associated with numerous bone features that degrade bone strength.
this review focuses on complexity of bone features that could account for increased bone fragility in advanced age.
an ecological framework was used to capture environmental factors , perceptions regarding access to health promotion resources , and health behavior preferences and practices.
a mixed-method approach was used.
health supporting amenities were mapped , focus groups were conducted , and demographic information was obtained.
the data were merged to create consolidated themes.
the results indicated that health promotion amenities were available , but with some limitations.
convenient access to transportation strongly affected ability to use resources.
older adults were interested in preserving their health and independence , but some had difficulty staying motivated to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
they wanted easier access to amenities.
implications for best practice include attention to culturally responsive outreach , motivating with social support and incentives , and developing community-based culturally compatible programming.
patients and methods : a randomized , prospective intervention study was undertaken among @number@ elderly patients.
three intervention groups were evaluated : a muscle force training group ; a balance and muscle force training group ; and a self-administered training group.
each group underwent 1-hour-long training sessions , twice a week , for @number@ months.
postural stability was measured at onset , after @number@ months , and after @number@ months.
time-domain-dependent body sway variables were calculated.
the fall rate was evaluated for @number@ years.
general health related quality of life ( hrqol ) was measured with a 15d instrument.
postural stability was used as a primary outcome , with qol and falls used as secondary outcomes.
results : muscle force trainees were able to undertake training , progressing towards more strenuous exercises.
a significant part of the variability of the qol could be explained by the posturography outcome ( @percent@ ) .
however , the outcome of training was associated with a reduced qol.
conclusion : even moderate or severely demented residents could do exercises in five-person groups under the supervision of a physiotherapist.
an improvement in postural stability was observed in all training groups , indicating that even self-administered training could be beneficial.
posturography outcome indicated that training alters the postural strategy by reducing the oscillatory fluctuations of body sway signal.
however , only guided training tended to reduce falls.
short training intervention programs may decrease qol by changing the elderly's daily routine and making it more active and exhausting.
mantle cell lymphoma is a relatively rare b-cell lymphoma with a specific genetic lesion and a typical immunophenotypic profile.
the median age is @number@ years.
there is no curative treatment , except allogeneic stem cell transplantation for a selected group of patients.
for the majority of patients , especially the elderly , the aim of therapy should therefore be a long progression-free survival.
age and comorbidity may hamper the use of the most active treatment regimen , such as high dose cytarabine and autologous stem cell transplantation.
therefore , it is a challenge to select the most appropriate therapy for an elderly patient.
studies specifically designed for elderly patients are rare.
progression or relapse will occur in all patients sooner or later.
second-line treatment should again be carefully selected.
several options are mentioned.
new drugs are being developed , and new combinations are investigated.
further improvement in the outcome of patients with mantle cell lymphoma is expected.
background : the postmenopausal phase has been considered an aggravating factor for developing metabolic syndrome.
notwithstanding , no studies have as yet investigated the effects of resistance training on metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
thus , the purpose of this study was to verify whether resistance training could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
the level of statistical significance was set at p < @number@
purpose : the aging population is predisposed to cardiovascular disease.
methods : this was a retrospective cohort study in a primary care internal medicine practice.
patients included community-dwelling individuals aged @number@ years or older on @date@ .
the primary outcome was a combined outcome of cabg and pci in @number@ years.
the secondary outcome was mortality @number@ years after cabg or pci.
the primary predictor variable was the score on the era index , an instrument that predicts emergency room visits and hospitalization.
the outcomes were obtained using administrative data from electronic medical records.
the analysis included logistic regression , with odds ratios for the primary outcome and time-to-event analysis for mortality.
results : the records of @number@ patients were studied.
there was a greater association of revascularization events by increasing score group.
we noted increased mortality by increasing era score , in patients undergoing cabg or pci.
conclusion : older adults in the highest-era-scoring group had the highest utilization of cabg or pci.
patients with high era scores undergoing coronary revascularization were also at the highest risk of mortality.
providers should be aware that higher era scores can potentially predict outcomes in high-risk patients.
this study evaluated the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention for family caregivers of pwd in alleviating caregiver burden and enhancing caregiving self-efficacy.
the intervention group received psychoeducation from a registered social worker over the phone for @number@ sessions.
caregivers in the control group were given a dvd containing educational information about dementia caregiving.
outcomes of the intervention were measured by the chinese versions of the zarit burden interview and the revised scale for caregiving self-efficacy.
mann-whitney u tests were used to compare the differences between the intervention and control groups.
results : the level of burden of caregivers in the intervention group reduced significantly compared with caregivers in the control group.
caregivers in the intervention group also reported significantly more gain in self-efficacy in obtaining respite than the control group.
conclusion : a structured telephone intervention can benefit dementia caregivers in terms of self-efficacy and caregiving burden.
the limitations of the research and recommendations for intervention are discussed.
patients and methods : this was a retrospective cohort study of @number@ elderly male copd patients ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
the patients were divided into four groups on the basis of the use of β-blockers and β2-agonists.
at follow-up , the primary end point was all-cause mortality.
kaplan-meier analysis showed no significant difference among the study groups ( log-rank test , p = @number@ ) .
intensive care unit ( icu ) -acquired weakness is common and characterized by muscle loss , weakness , and paralysis.
elderly patients often enter critical illness with reduced muscle mass and function and are also at increased risk for accelerated disuse atrophy with acute illness.
we subsequently postulate on the potential role and strategies in studying hmb in elderly icu patients to improve muscle mass and function.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a whole joint disease , in which thinning and disappearance of cartilage is a critical determinant in oa progression.
interestingly , among these factors are numerous components of the inflammatory pathways.
these receptors activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and stress responses of chondrocytes in oa joints.
this review focuses on mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and highlights the role of inflammatory processes in oa progression.
approximately @number@ million persons were estimated to have diabetes worldwide in @number@ an increase of @number@ million cases from @number@
diabetes now affects both high- and low-income countries , with low-income countries bearing the majority of the burden.
the effect of these risk factors may be especially pronounced in some racial and ethnic populations.
increased surveillance for diabetes has contributed to increased diabetes prevalence in higher-income countries.
survival with and some risk factors for diabetes have improved in developed countries , but global diabetes mortality has increased by @number@ % since @number@
unilateral ureteral obstruction is a popular experimental model of renal injury.
however , the study of the kidney response to urinary tract obstruction is only one of several advantages of this model.
unilateral ureteral obstruction causes subacute renal injury characterized by tubular cell injury , interstitial inflammation and fibrosis.
for this reason , it serves as a model both of irreversible acute kidney injury and of events taking place during human chronic kidney disease.
we now review the experimental model and its contribution to identifying novel therapeutic targets in kidney injury and fibrosis , independently of the noxa.
conscientiousness reliably predicts health behavioral patterns , and the same is true of executive function.
however , few investigations have examined their relative predictive power , or probed for possible indirect effects and age-moderated effects.
results indicated that conscientiousness , neuroticism and executive function were significant predictors of health behavior in age-corrected regression analyses.
using bootstrapping methods , we found that executive function partially explains the relationship between both personality dimensions and health behavior.
because of their osteolytic aspect and biologic behaviour , these sres are more common in patients with bone metastases from rcc than from other malignancies.
recently , two bone-targeted agents have been approved in the prevention of sres in advanced rcc : zoledronic acid and denosumab.
background : decreases in functional ability due to aging can impair work capacity and productivity among older workers.
method : this exploratory , cross-sectional study examined employees of a higher education institution ( hei ) and those of a metallurgical industry.
results : diseases and regularly used medications were more common among the group of aging workers.
the wai did not differ between groups ( p = 0.237 ) .
both groups showed similar physical functional capacity performances with regard to walking speed , muscle strength , and lower limb physical functioning.
aging workers showed a poorer performance on a test of right-leg support ( p = 0.004 ) .
the wai was moderately correlated with the sit-to-stand test among older female workers ( r = 0.573 , p = 0.051 ) .
for more than half a century , scientific research has documented widespread avoidance and even denial of aging.
this discrepancy has led to a crisis that is not easily resolved.
at the same time , geriatrics reports the highest level of physician satisfaction among medical specialties.
how can this apparent disconnect be explained , and what can be done about it ?
successful educational interventions are described , including the authors ' experience at the helm of a monthlong geriatrics clerkship for fourth-year medical students.
interleukin-17a ( il-17a ) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates leukocyte mobilization and recruitment.
in accordance with this observation , il-17a was able to markedly increase tnfα-induced neutrophil adherence to hdmec monolayers in an in vitro adhesion assay.
these results show that il-17a and tnfα act in cooperation to facilitate neutrophil migration across the endothelial cell barrier.
the major risk factors are , however , aging and apoe ε4.
we focus on whether the changes in these processes precede or succeed the earliest symptoms in ad patients , i.e. , minimal cognitive impairment.
the purpose of this review is to assess the health effects of chronic tea and / or coffee consumption.
habitual coffee consumption in large epidemiological studies is associated with reduced mortality , both for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths.
in addition , coffee intake is associated with risks of heart failure , stroke , diabetes mellitus and some cancers in an inverse dose-dependent fashion.
surprisingly , coffee is associated with neutral to reduced risks for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
however , caffeine at high doses can increase anxiety , insomnia , calcium loss and possibly the risk of fractures.
summary : coffee and tea can generally be recommended as health-promoting additions to an adult diet.
adequate dietary calcium intake may be particularly important for tea and coffee drinkers.
methods : exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to assess the factor structure and the construct validity of the sai-k.
first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis ( cfa ) were conducted to identify the most adequate model.
cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability.
the four-factor sai-k showed reliable internal consistency with a cronbach's alpha for the total scale of @number@
cyp21a2 genotyping identified four duplicated cyp21a2 genes ( @percent@ ) and @number@ chimeric cyp21a1p / cyp21a2 genes ( @percent@ ) .
dna sequencing was required for the identification of @number@ ( @percent@ ) rare point mutations and determination of clinically significant chimera junction sites.
modern developments in population dynamics emphasize the role of the turnover of individuals.
in the new approaches stable population size is a dynamic equilibrium between different mortality and fecundity factors instead of an arbitrary fixed carrying capacity.
the latest replicator dynamics models assume that regulation of the population size acts through feedback driven by density dependent juvenile mortality.
here , we consider a simplified model to extract the properties of this approach.
we show that at the stable population size , the structure of the frequency dependent evolutionary game emerges.
this frequency dependent selection leads towards the strategy maximizing the number of newborns per adult death.
however , multiple strategies can maximize this value.
among them , the strategy with the greatest mortality ( which implies the greatest instantaneous growth rate ) is selected.
this result is important for the discussion about universal fitness measures and which parameters are maximized by natural selection.
we thus have a two-stage procedure , instead of a single fitness measure , which is a combination of r0 and r.
the present study investigated the association between postural tasks and center of pressure spatial patterns of three-dimensional statokinesigrams.
a method for the analysis of three-dimensional statokinesigrams based on nonparametric statistics and image-processing analysis was employed.
robustness analysis revealed small changes related to parameter choices for histogram processing.
the quantity of high-density regions was positively correlated to stabilogram and statokinesigram variables ( p < .05 or lower ) .
in conclusion , postural tasks are associated with center of pressure spatial patterns and are similar in young and elderly healthy volunteers.
single-centered patterns reflected more stable postural conditions and were more frequent with complete visual input and a wide base of support.
margin of stability ( ms ) at touchdown was investigated using a full body and a reduced kinematic model.
further , the valid agreement between kinematic models shows that such differences can be assessed by using just four body markers.
unlabelled : pet is used to image active inflammatory processes by targeting the translocator protein ( tspo ) .
in silico modeling predicted that ( @number@ ) f-pbr111 would have a moderate to high specific-to-nonspecific ratio in the normal human brain.
to test these predictions , we present here the analysis and modeling of ( @number@ ) f-pbr111 data in healthy humans.
compartmental models and logan graphical methods enabled estimation of the total volume of distribution ( vt ) in regions of interest ( rois ) .
we also found a significant correlation between vt and age for both habs and mabs in most rois.
conclusion : ( @number@ ) f-pbr111 shows a high specific signal in the healthy human brain in vivo.
with the aging of the population , the interest in clinical trials concerning frail elderly patients has increased.
evidence-based practice for the elderly patient is difficult because elderly patients , especially the frail , are often excluded from clinical trials.
to facilitate the participation of frail elderly patients in clinical trials , investigators should be more aware of possible barriers when setting up research.
to increase inclusion rates , follow-up measurements were taken at a home visit.
moreover , it was checked if possible eligible patients coming to the hospital were indeed screened for participation.
the mentioned measures , increased inclusion rates but also caused an increased time investment and consequently extra financial resources for staff costs.
this study aimed to determine cancer incidence in the frail relative to non-frail community resident older adults.
frailty status was determined from physical performance testing and self reported dependency in activities of daily living.
cancer incidence over the four subsequent years was identified through linkage with medicare claims data.
logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of cancer incidence with respect to frailty status in multiple models with progressive adjustment for covariates.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) were identified as frail.
why this would be more apparent in men than women remains to be clarified.
ten years ago we first proposed the alzheimer's disease ( ad ) mitochondrial cascade hypothesis.
our hypothesis , therefore , offers unique perspective into what sporadic , late-onset ad is and how to best treat it.
within the context of an aging population , this will impose significant individual and societal burden , making the development of prevention programs imperative.
methods : seventeen middle-aged participants provided blood samples for biological markers , underwent cognitive testing and a physical stress test pre- and post-intervention.
cognitive performance was evaluated using the california verbal learning test ( cvlt ) , digit symbol substitution tasl ( dsst ) and fluency test.
no change was found for lipid and glucose levels.
conclusion : additional research is needed to evaluate the benefit of an exercise and lifestyle program that targets cognitive health in those with t2dm.
cognitive disorders of aging represent a serious threat to the social and economic welfare of current society.
this revelation has led researchers to consider candidate mechanisms precipitating the cascade of neuropathological events that eventually lead to clinical alzheimer's disease.
with insulin resistance-associated conditions reaching epidemic proportions , the prevalence of alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders will continue to rise exponentially.
fortunately , these chronic insulin-related conditions are amenable to pharmacological intervention.
population surveys report greater susceptibility to loss of lean tissue and muscle strength with aging in diabetes.
prevention of sarcopenia requires that protein receives more attention in dietary prescriptions.
exercise before protein-rich meals improves skeletal muscle protein anabolism.
at least three studies have used external noise paradigms to investigate the cause of contrast sensitivity losses due to healthy aging.
these studies have used noise that was spatiotemporally localized on the target.
contrary to previous studies , we conclude that healthy aging does not affect the calculation efficiency of the detection process at low spatial frequencies.
objective : with aging , skin is likely to become less hydrated , thereby increasing its resistance to electrical current.
this resulted in reliable information about electrical somatosensory perception in both groups at equivalent received amounts of current.
somatosensory evoked potentials ( seps ) enabled the objective evaluation of somatosensitivity in both groups.
results : at equivalent received intensities , the mean ratings were significantly lower in older than in younger subjects.
seps confirmed these results , with older adults having longer latencies and reduced amplitudes.
conclusions : our results suggest that age-related decreases in somatosensitivity to electrical stimuli are not due to cutaneous physiological changes.
autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis.
an area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing.
age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including dna damage , reduced energy availability , protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles.
the situation , however , has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing.
indeed , in certain situations , reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells.
identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic , medical and social importance in our ' ageing ' world.
human body has evolved an effective defense system including superoxide dismutase ( sod ) and catalase against the toxicity of these free radicals.
sod is a metalloenzyme and it acts as an excellent antioxidant to protect the body from superoxide radicals that are generated in the biological system.
inspired by the nature , scientists have designed metal-based mimics of the superoxide dismutase.
this review focuses on different copper complexes that are developed from bioactive ligands and mimic the protecting action of the sod.
factor analysis was performed on each questionnaire to clarify the loh-related factors.
correlational analysis between the subscale scores representing such factors and the serum hormone profiles was also performed.
in contrast , the indicators of the ams showed incomplete conformity to the subgroups of the jamq.
there was no significant association between total and free serum testosterone levels and the total and subscale scores on either ams or jamq.
conclusions : the results of factor analysis suggest that the sexual perceptions of japanese populations might differ from those of caucasian populations.
jamq would be useful to separately assess individual aspects of somatic , psychological and sexual symptoms related to loh among japanese males.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a neurodegenerative disease that selectively affects motor neurons in the cortex , brain stem , and spinal cord.
the precise pathogenic mechanism remains unknown , and there is currently no effective therapy.
we evaluated the therapeutic effects of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells ( ascs ) in an animal model of als.
human abdominal subcutaneous fat tissues were obtained by simple liposuction from donors , and ascs were isolated from the fat stromal vascular fraction.
ascs were found to differentiate into adipocytes , chondrocytes , osteocytes , and neurons.
sod1g93a als mice were divided into three groups : sham , intravenous ( iv ) , and intracerebroventricular ( icv ) groups.
human ascs were transplanted in the als mice at @number@ postnatal days before the appearance of clinical symptoms.
behavior of transplanted animals was assessed by rotarod test , paw grip endurance ( page ) , and reflex index.
mice in every group were sacrificed after @number@ weeks posttransplantation.
transplanted ascs were identified in the lumbar spinal cords with an antihuman mitochondria antibody and cell type-specific markers for neurons or astrocytes.
ascs were found to secrete high levels of neurotrophic factors such as ngf , bdnf , igf-1 , and vegf.
reduction of apoptotic cell death by these factors was confirmed in cultured cns cells and in the als spinal cord.
however , considering their nutrition and health status elderly people are a very heterogeneous group.
the main cause is vitamin b12 malabsorption resulting from a type b atrophic gastritis.
the functional vitamin b12 deficiency and the associated hyperhomocysteinemia are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases and accelerate bone loss.
with increasing age the vitamin d status is deteriorating.
also the overall mortality is increased.
@percent@ of the children have at least one form of malnutrition.
the number of pt was significantly correlated to haz and bmi-z-score.
stunted and thin students had significantly fewer pt than their nonaffected peers.
these differences tended to be the result of delay in tooth eruption in thin and stunted adolescents.
in 13-year-old girls , all pt were erupted regardless of their nutritional status indicating a catch-up.
thin and stunted boys had one tooth less than normal boys at this age.
impaired physical growth and dental development seem to have common risk factors.
therefore , regular monitoring of growth and dental development might be helpful for targeting support programmes in developing countries.
diet plays an important role in mammalian health and the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
interestingly , when compared to calorie restriction which has been repeatedly shown to increase healthspan , these polyphenols activate similar molecular targets such as sirt1.
future ( human ) studies are needed which take the concept suggested here of the mediterrasian diet into account.
hiv retinopathy is the most common non-infectious complication in the eyes of hiv-positive individuals.
hiv-positive patients have impaired color vision and contrast sensitivity , which worsens with age.
evidence of inner-retinal lesions and damage have been documented ophthalmoscopically , however their long term structural effect has not been investigated.
it has been hypothesized that they may be partially responsible for loss of visual function and visual field.
in this study we utilized clinical data , retinal imaging and transcriptomics approaches to comprehensively interrogate non-infectious hiv retinopathy.
the methods employed encompassed clinical examinations , fundus photography , indirect ophthalmoscopy , farmsworth-munsell @number@ hue discrimination testing and illumina beadchip analyses.
this is consistent with an increased rate of renewal of rod outer segments induced via increased phagocytosis by hiv-infected rpe previously reported in culture.
introduction : the piriform cortex and cortical amygdala ( pca ) and the orbitofrontal cortex ( ofc ) are considered olfactory-related brain regions.
volumetric measurements of pca and ofc were performed using consecutive 1-mm thick coronal slices of high-resolution 3-d mris.
results : the volume of ofc decreased with age and significantly correlated with age-related declines in olfactory function.
similar age-related volumetric changes were not found for pca ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no similar correlation for pca.
the result could be useful to establish normal volumes of pca and ofc of each age group to assess neurological disorders that affect olfactory function.
however , abnormalities in visual function have been reported in hiv-infected individuals despite effective viral suppression and the absence of retinal ois.
these changes may be mediated by an hiv-associated ' neuroretinal disorder' , characterized by changes in the retinal nerve fibre layer ( rnfl ) .
hiv infection may also be associated with accelerated biological aging.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between contrast sensitivity , rnfl thickness , hiv infection and frailty in south african adults.
methods : case-control study of @number@ hiv-infected individuals without retinal ois and @number@ gender / age-matched hiv-seronegative individuals.
peri-papillary rnfl thickness was determined with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in four quadrants.
cs was measured using a pelli-robson chart.
frailty was assessed using standard criteria.
multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to assess associations between hiv status and rnfl / cs and frailty.
results : the median age of both groups was similar ( @number@ vs. @number@ years , p = @number@ ) .
@percent@ of hiv-infected individuals were receiving art and their median cd4 count was @number@ cells / μl.
adjusted cs score was lower in hiv-infected participants compared to hiv-seronegative individuals ( @number@ vs. @number@ p = @number@ ) .
independent predictors of poor cs in the hiv-infected group were positive frailty status and current hiv viral load > 2 log copies / ml.
lower cs score was also associated with thin temporal rnfl in hiv-infected individuals ( p = @number@ ) .
superior quadrant rnfl thickness was greatest in art-naïve participants relative to the hiv-uninfected group ( p-trend = @number@ ) .
longer art duration was associated with thinning of inferior and nasal rnfl quadrants ( p-trend = @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
conclusions : contrast sensitivity is reduced in hiv-infected individuals and functionally associated with frailty and unsuppressed viraemia.
this may reflect structural changes in the rnfl that are evident despite the absence of ois.
however , the mechanisms underlying tnf-α-induced cpla2 expression in human lung epithelial cells ( hpaepics ) were not completely understood.
principal findings : we demonstrated that tnf-α induced cpla2 mrna and protein expression , promoter activity , and pge2 secretion in hpaepics.
in addition , tnf-α also stimulated c-jun and atf2 phosphorylation which were inhibited by pretreatment with sp600125 and sb202190 , respectively , but not pd98059.
furthermore , tnf-α-induced cpla2 promoter activity was abrogated by transfection with the point-mutated ap-1 cpla2 construct.
finally , we showed that tnf-α time-dependently induced p300 / c-fos / c-jun / atf2 complex formation in hpaepics.
we have discovered an unexpected regulatory relationship between these two types of stress responses.
together , our findings demonstrate that programmed cell death effectors influence the degree to which c. elegans tolerates environmental stress.
background : patients who undergo tricuspid annuloplasty during left-side heart valve surgery have a poor postoperative clinical outcome.
however , preoperative right ventricular ( rv ) echocardiography parameters that predict adverse events in these patients are poorly understood.
a total of @number@ adverse events ( @number@ heart failures and @number@ cardiovascular deaths ) occurred during a median follow-up of @number@ months.
the presence of either a large rv midcavity diameter or tricuspid valve tethering area was predictive of adverse outcome at @number@ year after tricuspid annuloplasty.
its muscularis proper layer consists of muscle cells , connective tissue and myenteric plexus.
materials and methods : oesophagus tissue samples from @number@ male cadavers were taken from the cranial and thoracic parts.
samples were divided in @number@ groups : younger ( ages 21-45 ) and older ( ages 66-78 ) .
the tissue was routinely processed , embedded and serially sectioned.
sections were stained with masson-goldner and cresyl-violet dyes.
digital images were analysed with the image analysis software.statistics were performed with spss software.
striated cells were significantly less present only in the lower thoracic part of the oesophagus.
in the older group , smaller striated muscle cells dominated over the larger ones.
in the younger group , majority of the striated muscle cells were mid-sized.
the thickness of the circular layer of muscularis proper was more affected by aging than the longitudinal one.
ganglion cells number was lower in the older group , but plexus area was unchanged.
it appeared that @number@ abs recognized hcgβ- , @number@ hcgα- , and @number@ αβ-heterodimer-specific epitopes.
methods : we retrospectively identified all consecutive admissions from nhs to an acute medical assessment unit between @date@ and @date@ .
admission prognostic indicators and outcomes at follow-up were compared between younger ( < 85 ) and older ( ≥85 ) age groups.
using multiple regression methods controlling for potential confounders , we compared in-hospital mortality and long-term survival after discharge between the groups.
results : three hundred and sixteen patients ( mean age @number@ sd @number@ years ) were included ( @number@ % females ) .
admission characteristics were mostly similar between age groups.
in-hospital mortality rates were not significantly different between groups , even after adjusting for possible confounders.
presbyphonia is a physiological process of aging voice that includes morphological changes in the coverage mucosa , muscle , and cartilage.
recql4 is essential for the transport of p53 to the mitochondria under unstressed conditions.
both recql4 and p53 bind to the exonuclease and polymerase domains of polγa.
kinetic constants for interactions between polγa-recql4 , polγa-p53 and polγb-p53 indicate that recql4 and p53 are accessory factors for polγa-polγb and polγa-dna interactions.
recql4 enhances the binding of polγa to dna , thereby potentiating the exonuclease and polymerization activities of polγa / b2.
we found multiple somatic mutations and polymorphisms in both rts and lfs patient cells.
a significant number of mutations and polymorphisms were common between rts and lfs patients.
summary : the biochemical mechanisms by which recql4 and p53 affect mtdna replication have been elucidated.
resequencing of rts and lfs patients ' mitochondrial genome reveals common mutations indicating similar mechanisms of regulation by recql4 and p53.
microglia are thought to play important roles in the maintenance of neuronal circuitry and the regulation of behavior.
furthermore , incubation with recombinant cats significantly reduced the synaptic activity of the cortical neurons.
disruption of cats therefore induces hyperlocomotor activity due to failure to downscale the synaptic strength.
unlabelled : delirium is one of the foremost unmet medical needs in healthcare.
recent studies also show that delirium strongly predicts future new-onset dementia , as well as accelerating existing dementia.
nevertheless , the field faces several complex research and clinical challenges.
future studies may address the role of drugs for specific elements of delirium.
therapeutic goals for hiv-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy include minimizing risk of future physical disability.
presarcopenia and sarcopenia precede age-associated physical disability.
we investigated their prevalence and the predictive value of patient mid-upper arm circumference ( muac ) for them.
eighty community-dwelling patients ≥45 years old demonstrating durable viral suppression were evaluated.
presarcopenia was defined as low smi only.
muac was interpreted according to national health statistics percentile.
prevalence of sarcopenia and presarcopenia was @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
finding that a participant did not have a muac < 25th percentile on physical examination had a @percent@ negative predictive value for presarcopenia.
although sarcopenia was uncommon , presarcopenia was highly prevalent in midlife and older hiv-infected males.
determination of muac percentile may identify those least likely to demonstrate skeletal muscle deficit and improve patient selection for mass and function testing.
background : the kumamoto acute coronary events study explored trends for acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) .
methods and results : the number of people of advanced age in kumamoto prefecture has gradually increased.
in 2004-2011 , @number@ ami patients were registered.
conclusions : a steady trend of decreasing ami incidence was observed.
urgent measures should be established against non-cardiac mortality in this era of an aging population.
objective : this study aims to identify social , psychological , and biomedical risk factors for current and future driving cessation in older adults.
method : data from six waves ( 1998-2008 ) of the health and retirement study ( hrs ) were pooled.
participants aged @number@ and above were included in the study ( n = @number@ ) .
discussion : older age , female gender , and minority race were risk factors for current and future cessation.
adults with arthritis were more likely to keep driving compared with those without arthritis.
cardiac arrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders that comprise an important epidemiological and public health problem.
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common sustained arrhythmia , and has been further increasing with the aging of society.
although the prevalence is relatively lower in asians than in westerners , the prognostic impacts on stroke and mortality in asians are comparable.
sudden cardiac death ( scd ) occurs in approximately @number@ cases per @number@ persons annually in each country of asia.
implantable implantation has become established as an effective secondary prevention for scd , and numbers have been increasing annually worldwide.
these changes can be attenuated by exercise.
the ma group was predominantly aerobically trained with some resistance exercise incorporated in their routine.
cortisol , fat free mass , ( ffm ) and total body mass were not significantly different between groups.
these results suggest that life-long exercise is associated with favorable body composition and attenuation of the age related decline in testosterone.
autoregulation is a vital homeostatic mechanism that helps maintain constant delivery of oxygen to organs despite fluctuations in arteriolar pressure.
despite intensive investigation , however , the mechanotransduction events that initiate the myogenic response and the signaling pathways involved remain uncertain.
vaccines are powerful public health tools that have been of tremendous benefit in protecting vulnerable populations worldwide from many pathogens.
however , vaccine- preventable diseases still remain a considerable burden and this is particularly true among aging and aged populations in industrialized countries.
older adults continue to be sexually active in their later years.
a range of sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) such as chlamydia , gonorrhea , syphilis , and hiv have been reported among older adults.
numerous online resources exist for both nurses and older adults to increase knowledge of stis.
as result , medial degeneration ( md ) occurs.
a characteristic example of md is sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm ( s-taa ) , whose patho-physiological mechanisms remain unclear.
in this study , typical md morphological phenotypes were researched in s-taa cases and control aorta specimens using histopathological and mainly immunohistochemical analyses.
three phenotypes ( i , ii , and iii ) were detected , but the phenotype iii was observed.
elevated cystic md , plurifocal medial apoptosis , and increased metalloproteinase-9 amount characterize it.
in addition , it was significantly correlated with the severity of elastic fragmentation , hypertension , and smoking , and particularly with advancing age.
objective : reproductive hormone levels are associated with body size , and the association between estradiol and body size varies over the menopausal transition.
this study aims to delineate these relationships using quantitative measures of visceral and subcutaneous fat.
multivariable linear regression models compared hormone values between tertiles adjusting for race , age , and menopausal status.
the association of estradiol with visceral and subcutaneous fat tertiles varied by menopausal status ( p < @number@ ) .
in the early transition , estradiol was similar across tertiles of fat ; postmenopause , estradiol was positively associated with visceral fat.
other hormones were not associated with fat measures.
conclusions : estradiol was associated with quantitative measures of visceral fat and varies by menopausal status.
this finding suggests that visceral fat may be an important mediator in hormone changes over the menopausal transition.
it is shown that selectivity can be affected due to the formation or disappearance of endogenous compounds.
over the past five decades , the organization of women's lives has changed dramatically.
the attendant changes represent a mix of gains and losses for women , in which not all women have benefited ( or suffered ) equally.
but little is known about the health consequences.
this article addresses that gap.
it develops a \ "situated biographies \ " model to conceptualize how life course change may influence women's health.
the model stresses the role of time , both as individual aging and as the anchoring of lives in particular historical periods.
this approach lays the groundwork for more integrated and productive population-based research about how historical transformations may affect women's health.
further , it is unclear if adhering to the dash target nutrients has similar bp impact as adhering to the recommended dash food groups.
of the factors examined was associated with diastolic bp change.
both dash nutrient score and magnesium intakes were significantly associated with the hazard ratio ( hr ) for total stroke in an inverse relationship.
the hr for total and ischemic stroke for calcium intake also showed a borderline trend ( p = 0.071 and @number@ respectively ) .
in conclusion , adhering to the dash diet is beneficial for long term bp control and reduction of stroke risk in this chinese population.
ankle fractures represent an exceptionally common injury within the elderly population.
this study reports the results of operative management of ankle fractures in the elderly , with regard to functional outcome and complication rates.
this was a retrospective , non-randomized observational study.
subjects were identified from a trauma registry kept in our department and were tested for eligibility.
the outcome was measured using the aofas ankle-hindfoot score and a linear analog scale.
a total of @number@ consecutive patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in our study ( @number@ patients in each group ) .
two patients from group b had wound dehiscence , but finally their wounds healed uneventfully.
we didn't observe any serious complications such as skin necrosis , deep infection , osteomyelitis and failure of metalwork.
our study suggests that the operative management of weber b2 and b3 injuries can result in a favorable outcome.
background and objectives : multipotent mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) represent a promising cell-based therapy for a number of degenerative conditions.
understanding the effect of aging on mscs is crucial for both autologous therapy development and allogenic donors in older subjects whom degenerative diseases typically afflict.
inferior turbinate tissues were discarded from patients undergoing partial turbinectomy.
the differentiation potential of htmscs was evaluated in osteogenic media by histology and determination of osteoblastic gene expression.
cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of htmscs also showed no significant differences among the age groups.
conclusions : we conclude that donor age does not affect the characteristics , proliferation , and osteogenic differentiation potential of htmscs.
donor age may be excluded as a criterion in the guidelines for clinical use of the autologous or allogenic transplantation of htmscs.
vasohibin-1 ( vash1 ) is isolated as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor produced by the vascular endothelium.
we previously reported that tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis were augmented in vash1 ( - / - ) mice.
here we examined whether vash1 plays any role in cancer metastasis.
histological analyses revealed that vessels of the footpad tumor in vash1 ( - / - ) mice were more immature , having fewer mural cells.
these results indicate that endogenous vash1 tightens the endothelial barrier and makes tumor vessels resistant to cancer metastasis.
background and objectives : the neuropsychological exam plays a central role in the assessment of elderly patients with cognitive complaints.
it is particularly relevant to differentiate patients with mild dementia from those subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
the present study aims to investigate the validity of an unstructured neuropsychological assessment protocol for this population and develop cutoff values for clinical use.
most of the tests showed a good sensitivity and specificity to differentiate the diagnostic groups.
the neuropsychological protocol showed a significant ecological validity as @number@ of the cognitive factors explained @percent@ of the variance on instrumental activities of daily living.
conclusion : the study presents evidence of the construct , criteria and ecological validity for this protocol.
the neuropsychological tests and the proposed cutoff values might be used for the clinical assessment of older adults with low formal education.
purpose : searching for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer ( pc ) is main public health priority.
dna methylation in body fluids is a stable , easily detectable and promising pc biomarker.
the major advantages of urine-based assays are their noninvasive nature and the ability to monitor pc with heterogeneous foci.
the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the recently identified candidate pc biomarker hist1h4k.
methylation of hist1h4k showed significant correlation with aging ( r = 0.5418 ; p < 0.0001 ) , but with no other clinicopathological characteristics.
conclusion : the results suggest that the promoter hypermethylation of hist1h4k is rather due to aging than related to prostate carcinogenesis.
to elucidate this observation analysis of larger samples is needed.
whether hiv-infected people with elevated bp have excess ami risk compared to uninfected people is not known.
this study examines whether the association between elevated bp and ami risk differs by hiv status.
for this analysis , we analyzed @number@ @number@ people with available bp data from vacs vc , who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline.
bp was the average of the @number@ routine outpatient clinical measurements performed closest to baseline ( first clinical visit after @date@ ) .
analyses were performed using cox proportional hazards regression.
results : over @number@ years ( median ) , @number@ incident amis occurred.
future studies should prospectively investigate whether hiv interacts with bp to further increase ami risk.
hemophilia is caused by a functional deficiency of one of the coagulation proteins.
however , these therapies are expensive and require iv infusions @number@ to @number@ times each week.
the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is undergoing profound changes.
therefore , it becomes increasingly challenging to select the right treatment strategy for each condition.
this article summarizes the currently available diagnostic and therapeutic tools and gives an integrated recommendation of how to manage cll in @number@
moreover , i propose a strategy how we might integrate the novel agents for cll therapy into sequential treatment approaches in the near future.
the eukaryotic cell cycle is conventionally viewed as comprising several discrete steps , each of which must be completed before the next one is initiated.
background / objective : the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in dietary intake and appetite across the menopausal transition.
subjects / methods : this was a 5-year observational , longitudinal study on the menopausal transition.
the study included @number@ premenopausal women at baseline ( age : @number@.9±1.9 years ; bmi : @number@.3±2.3 kg / m2 ) .
in women who became postmenopausal by year @number@ fat and protein intakes decreased across the menopausal transition ( @number@.05 > p < 0.01 ) .
spontaneous ei and protein intake also declined over time and were higher in the years preceding menopause onset ( p < 0.05 ) .
fasting fullness decreased across the menopausal transition ( p < 0.05 ) .
conclusion : these results suggest that menopausal transition is accompanied with a decrease in food intake and an increase in appetite.
importance : hypertension is common among people older than @number@ years , affecting nearly two-thirds of men and three-fourths of women by age @number@ years.
treatment goals and medication selection for this population may differ from those for younger patients.
objective : to discuss the presentation , pathophysiology , and optimal treatment of hypertension among elderly persons.
evidence review : medline was searched from @number@ to @number@
treatment of healthy patients up to age @number@ years with most antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and possibly cognitive and functional decline.
importance : screening for osteoporosis with bone mineral density ( bmd ) is recommended for older adults.
it is unclear whether repeating a bmd screening test improves fracture risk assessment.
main outcomes and measures : risk of hip or major osteoporotic fracture through @number@ or @number@ years following the second bmd measure.
results : mean age was @number@ years.
the mean ( sd ) bmd change was @percent@ per year ( @percent@ ) .
throughout a median follow-up of @number@ years , @number@ participants experienced an incident hip fracture and @number@ participants experienced a major osteoporotic fracture.
repeating a bmd measure within @number@ years to improve fracture risk stratification may not be necessary in adults this age untreated for osteoporosis.
objective : this study examines whether mental and physical health relate differently to work ability and whether these associations vary with coping style.
on-line questionnaires measured self-perceived mental and physical health at baseline and coping and work ability at follow-up.
the data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.
results : active coping and good mental and especially physical health predicted high work ability at follow-up.
avoidant coping was negatively related to work ability.
seeking support was unrelated to work ability.
interaction effects of coping and health on work ability were weak.
conclusions : successful coping styles and good health predict high work ability , and thus , promoting such factors can help improve sustainable employability.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is known to be associated with systemic inflammation.
serum crp levels were measured using a high-sensitivity assay at baseline and the 13-year follow up.
cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of loge-crp and lung function were examined using multivariable linear mixed models.
the associations were similar for fvc and persisted among lifetime never-smokers.
baseline crp levels were not predictive of the rate of change in fev1 or fvc over time.
in the present study , we found longitudinal observational evidence that suggested that increases in systemic inflammation are associated with declines in lung function.
context : the widespread use of t therapy , particularly in aging males , necessitates knowledge of the relationship between t and the cardiovascular system.
original articles , systematic reviews and meta-analyses , and relevant citations were screened.
the cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of t therapy remains largely evasive in view of a lack of well-designed and adequately powered randomized clinical trials.
however , there is evidence that pcos can be identified from early infancy to puberty based on predisposing environmental influences.
there is also increasing information about the pcos phenotype after menopause.
evidence : pubmed , the bibliography from the evidence-based pcos workshop , and the reference lists from identified manuscripts were reviewed.
evidence synthesis : the current data suggest that daughters of women with pcos have a greater follicle complement and mild metabolic abnormalities from infancy.
pcos is often diagnosed in puberty with the onset of hyperandrogenism and may be preceded by premature pubarche.
during the reproductive years , there is a gradual decrease in the severity of the cardinal features of pcos.
menopausal data suggest that the majority of women who had pcos during their reproductive years continue to manifest cardiovascular risk factors.
conclusion : the current data provide a comprehensive starting point to understand the phenotype of pcos across the lifespan.
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in south asia.
we aimed to assess the evidence available regarding air pollution effects on cvd and cvd risk factors in lower income countries in south asia.
a literature search was conducted in pubmed and web of science.
this resulted in @number@ articles.
nine articles met our inclusion criteria and were assessed for this systematic review.
most of the studies were cross-sectional and examined measured particulate matter effects on cvd outcomes and indicators.
we observed a bias as nearly all of the studies were from india.
hypertension and cvd deaths were positively associated with higher particulate matter levels.
an important outcome of this investigation was the evidence suggesting important air pollution effects regarding cvd risk in south asia.
however , too few studies have been conducted.
lewy bodies and neurites are the pathological hallmark of parkinson's disease.
these structures are composed of fibrillized and ubiquitinated alpha-synuclein suggesting that impaired protein clearance is an important event in aggregate formation.
the a30p mutation is known for its fast oligomerization , but slow fibrillization rate.
we therefore crossed animals overexpressing a30p alpha-synuclein with synphilin-1 transgenic mice to analyze its impact on aggregation , protein clearance and phenotype progression.
we observed that co-expression of synphilin-1 mildly delayed the motor phenotype caused by a30p alpha-synuclein.
additionally , the presence of n- and c-terminal truncated alpha-synuclein species and fibrils were strongly reduced in double-transgenic mice when compared with single-transgenic a30p mice.
hence , this study supports the notion that co-expression of synphilin-1 promotes formation of autophagic-susceptible aggresomes and consecutively the degradation of human a30p alpha-synuclein.
individual medical histories were reconstructed using information on diagnoses coded in mfsu , dates of medical services / procedures , and medicare enrollment / disenrollment.
synergistic and antagonistic dependences in geriatric disease risks were observed among us elderly confirming known and detecting new associations of wide spectrum of age-associated diseases.
the results can be used in optimization of screening , prevention and treatment strategies of chronic diseases among u.s. elderly population.
objectives : to examine the association between 34-year trajectories of social activity , from middle age to old age and late-life disability.
trajectories of social activities covered 1968-2002 , and late-life disability was measured in @number@
four trajectories of social activity were identified and used as predictors of late-life disability.
results : reporting low / medium levels of social activity from mid-life to old age was the most common trajectory group.
new evidence has shown that the lysosomal system might be a crossroad in which etiological factors in ad pathogenesis converge.
in vitro experiments of gain and loss of function suggest that down-regulation is a direct consequence of mir-128 up-regulation found in ad-related cells.
the present study also demonstrates that mir-128 inhibition in monocytes from ad patients improves aβ ( 1-42 ) degradation.
these results could contribute to clarify the molecular mechanisms that affect the imbalanced aβ production / clearance involved in the pathogenesis of ad.
an increased risk of developing alzheimer's disease ( ad ) has previously been found to be associated with variants at the ms4a6a locus.
furthermore , in heterozygous ad subjects , relative expression of the protective allele of v4-ms4a6a transcripts was lower ( p < @number@ ) .
ms4a6a transcripts were widely expressed in tissues and cells , with the exception of v4-ms4a6a , which was not expressed in neuronal cells.
together these results suggest that high levels of ms4a6a in emerging ad pathology are detrimental.
persons with mci may lower ms4a6a expression to minimize detrimental disease associated ms4a6a activity.
however , those with the susceptibility allele appear unable to decrease expression sufficiently , which may explain their increased risk for developing ad.
inhibiting ms4a6a may therefore promote a more neuroprotective phenotype , although further work is needed to establish whether this is the case.
one of the cellular markers of neuroinflammation is increased microglia activation , characterized by overexpression of mitochondrial 18kda translocator protein ( tspo ) .
tspo expression can be quantified in-vivo using the positron emission tomography ( pet ) radioligand [ ( @number@ ) f ] -feppa.
we performed genotyping for the rs6971 ts.po gene polymorphism to control for the known variability in binding affinity.
this is the first in-vivo study to evaluate age-related changes in tspo binding , using the new generation tspo radioligands.
bone morphogenetic proteins ( bmps ) have diverse and important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells in our tissues.
especially , bmps are well known to be the main inducers of bone formation , by facilitating both proliferation and differentiation of bone stem cells.
interestingly , in skin stem cells , bmps repress their proliferation but are indispensable for the proper differentiation into several lineages of skin cells.
here , we tested whether bmp antagonists have an effect on the prevention of wrinkle formation.
for this study we used an in vivo wrinkle-induced mouse model.
as a positive control , retinoic acid , one of the top anti-wrinkle effectors , showed a @percent@ improvement compared to the non-treated control.
surprisingly , bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1a extracellular domain ( bmpr1a-ecd ) exhibited an anti-wrinkle effect which was 6-fold greater than that of retinoic acid.
our results indicate that bmp antagonists will be good targets for skin or hair diseases.
aging is the strongest risk factor for cancer development , suggesting that molecular crosstalks between aging and tumorigenesis exist in many cellular pathways.
thus , this review will present the recent updates on the emerging roles of sirt2-7 members in carcinogenesis.
fear of falling and mobility restrictions have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of older adults.
correlation results indicated that previous falls , falls efficacy , mobility , srh and depression and well-being were all inter-related.
regression analyses revealed that higher falls efficacy was more closely associated with better srh than was having previously fallen.
findings suggest that improving falls efficacy in older african american adults may be beneficial to their mobility and overall health and well-being.
past research suggests an aging-related positivity effect in orienting to faces.
background : while electronic cigarettes are forbidden in several countries , their sales are exploding in many others.
the study will also compare the health effects of electronic vs traditional vs mixed cigarette smoking.
eligible subjects will be requested participation through newspaper advertisements and direct contact at the shops.
each subject will have to compile a structured questionnaire at enrolment and after @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
the primary outcomes are traditional smoking cessation rates and number of smoked cigarettes.
admissions will be checked using official discharge data of the abruzzo region.
a minimum of @number@ subjects in each group will be enrolled , for a total of @number@ participants.
cox proportional hazards analysis will be used to calculate adjusted relative hazards of smoking cessation by each variable.
trial registration : the protocol has been registered ( nct01785537 ) and approved by the ethics committee of the university of chieti ( record n.
@number@ @date@ ) .
our findings have implications in both theoretical and applied contexts.
theoretically , our findings extend contemporary thinking on secondary control.
in applied contexts , they suggest ways of thinking that could enhance well-being in the very old.
we compared pbmc proliferation before and after stimulation with cona.
dna was isolated from cells separated before and after culture with cona for telomeric measurement by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
conclusions : our findings confirm that telomere length in older-age adults is shorter than in younger subjects.
after stimulation with cona , cells are not restored to the previous telomere length and undergo replicative senescence.
this is in sharp contrast to the response observed in young adults after cona stimulation where cells increase in telomere length and replicative capacity.
the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet clear and merit further investigation.
canada's nursing homes have become increasingly dependent on immigrant health care aides.
more than any other ethnic group , filipino women are over-represented among health care aides in the canadian health care system.
fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with filipino health care aides and long-term-care policy stakeholders in winnipeg , manitoba.
the results indicated that migrant social networks act as pathways linking immigrant women with employment opportunities in nursing homes.
these findings have implications for workforce planning and the quality of care provision in nursing homes.
this multi-domain study is structured in two phases.
methods / design : we chose to contact all @number@ people born between 1935-39 residing in abbiategrasso , milan , italy.
discussion : now at the end of the recruitment phase , the evaluable population has amounted to @number@ people.
although urinary incontinence ( ui ) can be managed conservatively , it is a principal reason for the breakdown of in-home family care.
this study explored the social interaction processes of knowledge translation ( kt ) related to how ui management knowledge might be translated within in-home care.
in-depth interview data were collected from a theoretical sample of @number@ family caregivers , older home care recipients , and home care providers.
hypoxia can induce functional and structural vascular remodeling by changing the expression of trophic factors to promote homeostasis.
hypoxia can affect the expression of transcription factors , classical receptor tyrosine kinase factors , non-classical g-protein coupled factors , catecholamines , and purines.
pparγ is another transcription factor involved in hypoxic remodeling.
this adaptation to hypoxic stress can fundamentally change with age , resulting in different responses between fetuses and adults.
objectives : visual media influence the general public's perceptions and attitudes regarding people with mental conditions.
this qualitative study investigates the depiction accuracy of dementia's clinical features in motion pictures.
based on four selection criteria @number@ movies were included.
independently , three researchers watched all movies , scored symptoms , capacities , and behaviors.
scores were discussed and refined during consensus meetings , resulting in a taxonomy of clinical features.
results : various features are found , most often cognitive symptoms.
behavioral features are also shown - retiring behavior more than agitation - and various emotions , but physical symptoms are rarely depicted.
capacities are infrequently presented and are unrealistic in several of the movies.
conclusion : the clinical picture of dementia portrayed in fictional movies is mild and may be misleading.
objectives : to evaluate the effect of different pathways for developing a life story book ( lsb ) for people with dementia.
however , undertaking a life review requires training and supervision.
objective : to explore chinese medicine syndrome distribution laws of asymptomatic hiv infection patients.
results : qi deficiency syndrome ( qds ) and internal dampness-heat accumulation syndrome ( idhas ) were dominant in all syndrome types.
along with aging , qds showed a growing tendency , while idhas showed obvious declining tendency.
there was no obvious change in other syndrome types.
there was statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome type among each age period ( p < @number@ ) .
no obvious laws were found in other syndrome types.
there was statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome type ( p < @number@ ) .
there was statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome type ( p < @number@ ) .
as for infection routes , qds was predominant in paid blood donation , blood transfusion infection , intravenous drugs.
idhas was predominant in sexual transmit.
no obvious laws were found in other syndrome types.
there was statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome type ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : dis , idhas , and no confirmable syndrome typing were dominant in asymptomatic hiv infection patients.
deficiency and dampness were important pathological factors for them.
antioxidant proteins are substances that protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals.
accurate identification of new antioxidant proteins is important in understanding their roles in delaying aging.
therefore , it is highly desirable to develop computational methods to identify antioxidant proteins.
in this study , a naïve bayes-based method was proposed to predict antioxidant proteins using amino acid compositions and dipeptide compositions.
in order to remove redundant information , a novel feature selection technique was employed to single out optimized features.
these results suggest that the proposed method could be an effective and promising high-throughput method for antioxidant protein identification.
potentially inappropriate prescribing for older adults is a major public health concern.
a total of @number@ articles were identified for inclusion in this narrative review.
we conclude that the mai may serve as a valuable tool for measuring potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults.
obesity has always been considered a protective factor for the skeleton and for osteoporosis.
however , new epidemiologic and clinical data have shown that high level of fat mass might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures.
it is estimated that more than @number@ million americans and @number@ to @number@ million europeans suffer from oa.
analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are the only therapeutic treatment options for oa.
this is the first of three reviews focusing on oa therapeutics.
this paper provides an overview of current research into potential structure-modifying drugs and more appropriately targeted pharmacological therapy.
the challenges and opportunities in this area of research and development are reviewed , covering the most up-to-date initiatives , trends , and topics.
background : aging and atherosclerosis are related to renovascular hypertension in elderly individuals.
regardless of comorbidities , renal artery stenosis is itself an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
results : the mean age was @number@ years ( standard deviation : @number@ ) .
of the variables related to the study population that were compared to arteriography , two correlated with renal artery stenosis , renal dysfunction and triglycerides.
the median glomerular filtration rate was @number@ ml / min / m².
doppler showed sensitivity of @percent@ , specificity of @percent@ , a positive predictive value of @percent@ and negative predictive value of @percent@.
for tomography , sensitivity was @percent@ , specificity @percent@ , positive predictive value @percent@ and negative predictive value @percent@.
with these findings , we could identify the imaging tests that best detected stenosis.
objective : bone density is distributed in a complex network of interconnecting trabecular plates and rods that are interspersed with bone marrow.
materials and methods : we established a computer model based on an elementary computational cell.
the model includes a variable number of open walls and infinitely long cylinders as well as multiple geometric parameters.
the transverse relaxation rate is computed as a function of these parameters.
within the model , increasing the trabecular spacing with a fixed trabecular radius is equivalent to thinning the trabeculae while maintaining constant spacing.
results : increasing the number of cylinder and wall gap elements beyond their nearest neighbors does not change the transverse relaxation rate.
conclusion : our results provide strong evidence that trabecular thinning , which is associated with increasing age , decreases the relaxation rates.
the effect of thinning plates and rods on the transverse relaxation can be understood in terms of simple cylinders and open walls.
a reduction in the relaxation rate can be seen as an indication of thinning cylinders , corresponding to reduced bone stability and ultimately , osteoporosis.
methods : a total of @number@ men and women aged ≥65 years was studied in a 12-year epidemiological population-based study.
glaucoma diagnostic codes were identified in the records linkage system of the rochester epidemiology project.
hazard ratios ( hrs ) were calculated during a median follow-up of @number@ years.
analyses were stratified by age at the time of bilateral oophorectomy ( in tertiles ) .
results : of @number@ women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before menopause , @number@ developed glaucoma.
of @number@ referent women , @number@ developed glaucoma.
women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy showed no increased risk of glaucoma in the overall group ( hr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.89-1.42 ) .
the results did not change after adjustment for hypertension , obesity , diabetes , or disorders of lipid metabolism at baseline.
it is only to be expected that the elderly population manifests a high prevalence of chronic diseases that jeopardize their autonomy.
one example is syndromes of dementia.
the scope of this paper is to make projections of the number of elderly individuals with dementia.
the data were obtained from assessments found in the literature.
for a national measure , a weighted average of the estimated prevalence was used.
prevalence rates by age and gender were calculated for the elderly brazilian population.
current investigations show a steep increase of dementia with age.
women and illiterate individuals have a higher prevalence.
the mean prevalence in brazil is higher than that found in the rest of the world.
emerging evidence from fmri studies suggests that humor processing is a specific social cognitive-affective human function that comprises two stages.
the first stage ( cognitive humor component ) involves the detection and resolution of incongruity , and is associated with activity in temporo-occipito-parietal brain areas.
however , comparable data from early developmental stages is crucially lacking.
we found emotionality to be positively , but shyness negatively associated with brain activity linked with both cognitive and emotional humor components.
in addition , shyness and sociability were positively related to activity in the periaqueductal gray region during humor processing.
these findings are of potential clinical relevance regarding the early detection of childhood psychopathology.
such data suggest that humor processing undergoes developmental changes and is moderated by higher iq scores , both factors likely improving incongruity detection and resolution.
design and method : focus group methodology was used for data collection and analysis.
three focus groups ( n = @number@ ) were conducted in two different urban settings in the northeastern part of the united states.
conclusion : overall , the measure was found to be culturally acceptable and required little modification.
though the general picture of glycation has been identified , the detailed knowledge of which collagen amino acids are involved in ages is still missing.
the results show that there are @number@ specific lysine-arginine pairs that , due to their relative position and configuration , are likely to form glucosepane.
calcitriol is mainly effective by stimulation of the vitamin d receptor vdr.
the responsiveness of vdr may be affected by gene variants , such as the foki polymorphism ( rs2228570 ) .
the gg gene variant is expected to be more active than the ga or aa gene variant.
the present study explored the impact of vdr rs2228570 on survival and health of oldest old individuals ( > @number@ years ) .
methods : @number@ individuals > @number@ years were examined and genotyped.
peroxisomes are essential organelles in higher eukaryotes as they play a major role in numerous metabolic pathways and redox homeostasis.
some peroxisomal abnormalities , which are often not compatible with life or normal development , were identified in severe demyelinating and neurodegenerative brain diseases.
finally , the contribution of peroxisomal dysfunctions to the alterations of brain functions during aging and to the development of alzheimer's disease is considered.
objective : recent advances suggest that precancerous lesions of pelvic serous carcinoma ( psc ) originate from tubal secretory cells.
materials and methods : three groups ( benign control , high-risk , and psc ) of patients with matched ages were studied.
the age data was stratified into 10-year intervals ranging from age @number@ to older than @number@
the number of secretory and ciliated cells from both tubal fimbria and ampulla segments was counted by microscopy and immunohistochemical staining methods.
the data was analyzed by standard contingency table and poisson distribution methods after age justification.
results : we found that the absolute number of tubal secretory cells increased significantly with age within each age group.
age remained a significant risk factor for serous neoplasia after age adjustment.
in addition , a dramatic increase of secretory cells was observed in high-risk and psc patients.
conclusions : these findings suggest that sce could potentially serve as a sensitive biomarker for early serous carcinogenesis within the fallopian tube.
findings support a relationship between serous neoplasia and increased secretory to ciliated cell ratios.
findings also support a relationship between frequency of sce and increasing age , presence of high-risk factors and co-existing serous cancers.
the cluster groupings were used to predict working memory performance.
in contrast , higher levels of total cholesterol corresponded with increased accuracy in verbal working memory.
an association between lower fa values and higher cholesterol levels were identified in different brain regions from those associated with systolic blood pressure.
the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a speed or accuracy strategy on response interference control during choice step execution.
errors in the direction of the initial weight transfer ( apa errors ) and the step execution times were measured from the vertical force data.
apa error was increased in response to the flanker task and step execution time was shortened with a speed strategy compared to an accuracy strategy.
furthermore , in response to the visual interference of the flanker task , speed instructions in particular increased apa errors more than other instructions.
it may be important to manipulate the level of the speed-accuracy trade-off to improve efficiency and safety.
further research is needed to explore the effects of advancing age and disability on choice step reaction in a speed or accuracy strategy.
the present functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) study investigated developmental differences in functional connectivity associated with true and false memory retrieval.
the strength of semantic association among list items was manipulated.
relative to children , adults correctly recognized more studied items and falsely recognized more critical lures.
high-association lists resulted in higher recognition of both studied items and critical lures.
this commentary critically discusses recent legislation promulgated in nepal to safeguard older people's rights and promote their well-being.
using a human-rights-based framework , the legislation is analyzed for its strengths and weaknesses.
efforts have been made to reflect the promulgated law in light of the contemporary developments taking place globally , particularly in regions of asia.
areas for future policy work are also identified in order to make legislation more inclusive and effective.
specific policies examined in this paper concern medical reporting and medical review , license renewal processes , and driver testing.
a total of @number@ studies met inclusion criteria.
twenty-two studies investigated license renewal and seven articles examined medical reporting.
in-person license renewal requirements were associated with reduced risk for fatal crashes.
restricted licenses were associated with reduced number of miles driven per week.
more intensive renewal requirements and being the subject of a medical report to the licensing authority was associated with delicensure.
given the importance of driving to mobility , quality of life , and public safety , more research is needed.
the effect of contemporary social changes on informal care in aging migrant communities is poorly understood.
this articles explores the perceptions of older greek-australians toward changes in the nature of family support.
service providers may also need to adopt the use of new technologies to communicate with increasingly time-pressured family members.
turnover in the australian aged-care workforce is lower than in the united states but is still of concern.
a probit model was used to estimate the probability of care workers leaving their jobs in the next @number@ months.
this article reports on the efficacy of a work-based learning program for direct care workers in assisted living.
the program goal was to improve skills and facilitate career development.
the training program had positive impacts at both individual and organizational levels.
survey data found that workers felt more competent and self-confident about their abilities to work with residents.
furthermore , increasing satisfaction with the training program over time led to greater job satisfaction and a desire for additional education.
organizations have better outcomes when workers are well trained , feel empowered , and are satisfied with their work.
policy implications for assisted living settings and meeting the growing demand for a competent direct care workforce are discussed.
a significant improvement in nk cell activity of kc-1317 consumers was observed as compared to placebo at the end of @number@ months.
although preliminary , these beneficial immune-modulatory effects of kc-1317 in aged individuals might indicate its employment within a wider age-management strategy.
background : thiamine deficiency has suggested to be linked to several insulin-resistance complications.
blood thiamine and its derivatives were quantified using hplc.
results : a total of @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) had mets.
the levels of thiamine and its derivatives of those with mets were not significantly different from those without.
conclusions : low thiamine levels are associated with elevated blood glucose and hypertension in saudi adults.
as a specific feature of piracetam , beneficial effects are usually associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
to investigate further the effects of piracetam on mitochondrial function , especially mitochondrial fission and fusion events , we decided to assess mitochondrial morphology.
interestingly , these cells exhibit an impaired mitochondrial function and morphology under baseline conditions.
piracetam is able to restore this impairment and shifts mitochondrial morphology back to elongated forms , whereas there is no effect in control cells.
after addition of a complex i inhibitor , mitochondrial morphology is distinctly shifted to punctate forms in both cell lines.
the disadvantage of this co-location is exposure of mtdna to mutagenic ros ( reactive oxygen species ) , which are by-products of aerobic respiration.
the resulting ' vicious circle ' of mitochondrial mutation has been proposed to underlie aging and its associated degenerative diseases.
recent evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that oocyte mitochondria escape the aging process by acting as quiescent genetic templates , transcriptionally and bioenergetically repressed.
transmission of unexpressed mtdna in the female germline is considered as a reason for the existence of separate sexes , i.e. male and female.
maternal inheritance then circumvents incremental accumulation of age-related disease in each new generation.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia and a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
the only approved medications for ad are symptomatic and there are no currently available disease modifying treatments.
developing novel compounds for any indication is a time , effort , and money consuming endeavor and most treatments never make it to market.
other research and development strategies are needed , especially for the treatment of ad.
we provide a review of the current literature in assessing possibilities of repurposing medications currently used for non-ad indications.
many different compounds from many different pharmacological classes have already been studied in an ad context.
the current data suggest several compounds worthy of further study as treatments for ad.
compounds with the highest scores include lithium , minocycline , exenatide , valproic acid , methylene blue , and nicotine.
background : traffic-related air pollution has been associated to a range of adverse health impacts , including decreased heart rate variability ( hrv ) .
exposure periods were assessed using 4- , 24- , 48- , 72-hour moving average pre-visit.
we compared our main effect findings using sems with those obtained using linear mixed models.
results : traffic pollution was not associated with mean parasympathetic tone and lf / hf for all examined moving averages.
the strongest association observed was for the 4-hour moving average ( @percent@ ; @percent@ pi : @percent@ , @percent@ ) .
the effect of traffic on parasympathetic tone was stronger among diabetic as compared to non-diabetic participants.
conclusions : bc was associated with adverse changes lf / hf in the elderly.
traffic pollution may decrease parasympathetic tone among diabetic elderly.
type @number@ diabetes ( t2d ) and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are complex diseases commonly associated with aging.
accumulating evidence indicates a connection between these two diseases at the molecular level.
much of what we currently know about t2d and ad is derived from in vivo and in vitro studies.
however , further research and characterization of molecules is necessary to establish a strong connection between t2d and ad.
in silico studies play a major role in finding non-evident patterns of gene expression and gene network connectivity.
finally , we discuss the future directions and applications of bioinformatics that can provide greater insight into the relationship between these two diseases.
the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase ( 5-lox ) has been revealed responsible for producing fatty acid molecules , leukotrienes.
for each model , normal as well as mutant , fbc yielded remarkable inhibition constant values , with exothermic free binding energies.
epidemiological data testifies the increasing incidence of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) .
interestingly , autophagy , a catabolic pathway whose efficiency declines with age is importantly impaired in the affected tissues.
autophagy regulation is dependent of cell metabolic status and consequently on the @number@'amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways.
decreasing calorie intake has been known for a long time to have a beneficial effect on longevity and health.
hence , in a last part we will discuss the possible interventions susceptible to combat both t2dm and ad.
background : the replacement of hard tissues demands biocompatible and sometimes bioactive materials with properties similar to those of bone.
method : the hdpe / ha nano-composite is prepared using melt blending at different ha loading ratios.
the effects of accelerated ageing after gamma irradiation on morphological , mechanical and thermal properties of hdpe / ha nano-composites were measured.
results : in vitro test results showed that the hdpe and all hdpe / ha nano-composites do not exhibit any cytotoxicity to wish cell line.
the results also indicated that the tensile properties of hdpe / ha nano-composite increased with increasing the ha content except fracture strain decreased.
the dynamic mechanical analysis ( dma ) results showed that the storage and loss moduli increased with increasing the ha ratio and the testing frequency.
finally , it is remarked that all properties of hdpe / ha is dependent on the irradiation dose and accelerated aging.
also , significant improvements in these properties have been observed due to irradiation.
it is attributed that the developed hdpe / ha nano-composites could be a good alternative material for bone tissue regeneration due to their acceptable properties.
ecological concerns , a form of contributing to the public good , were positively related to age.
study @number@ manipulated participants ' future time perspective as a factor potentially contributing to age-related differences.
furthermore , we used the same task as a window to observe the involvement of motor imagery through the same age groups.
forty young-old and @number@ old-old adults took part in the study.
twenty participants in each age group received training with a visuospatial wm task , whereas the others served as active controls and completed alternative activities.
maintenance of training benefits was also assessed after @number@ months.
some transfer effects were found , but only in the young-old-trained participants , and they were not maintained at the follow-up.
these results are discussed in terms of the efficacy of wm training for older adults when a visuospatial modality is used.
the variation in normal observers ' color perception and discrimination will occur with the aging effect.
the authors carried out a psychophysical experiment with the method of binocular observational technique.
groups of data for cross-media color matching with different age were established to investigate the response of photoreceptor cells.
we utilized a cross-sectional baseline data from the hawai'i aging with hiv-cardiovascular study cohort.
eighteen subjects ( @percent@ ) had microalbuminuria , and two subjects ( @percent@ ) had macroalbuminuria.
conclusion : albuminuria is prevalent among hiv-infected patients receiving stable antiretroviral therapy.
it is significantly related to previously defined markers of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome among hiv-infected patients receiving stable antiretroviral therapy.
background : depression screening in chronic disease is advocated but its impact on routine practice is uncertain.
we examine the effects of a programme of incentivised depression screening in chronic disease within a uk primary care setting.
@number@ patients were identified with at least one chronic disease.
@number@ ( @percent@ ) were under treatment for depression and exempt from screening.
of remaining , hads were recorded for @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients.
@number@ ( @percent@ of screened ) had raised hads ( ≥8 ) ; majority had indications of mild depression with hads between @number@ and @number@
of those with multimorbidity who were screened , @percent@ had raised hads ( ≥8 ) .
a raised hads was more likely in females , socioeconomically deprived , multimorbid or younger ( 18-44 ) individuals.
females and 45-64 years old were more likely to receive antidepressants.
limitations : retrospective study of routinely collected data.
targeting those at greatest risk such as the multimorbid or using simpler screening methods may be more effective.
raised hads was associated with higher number of new antidepressant prescriptions which has significant resource implications.
the clinical benefits of such screening remain uncertain and merits investigation.
empathy is an important psychological capacity that involves the ability to recognize and share emotions with others.
in humans , empathy for others is facilitated by having had a similar prior experience.
we sought to develop a relatively simple and fast mouse model of human empathy that resembled these characteristics.
we modeled empathy by measuring the freezing of observer mice to observing the footshock of a subject mouse.
observer mice froze to subject footshocks only when they had a similar shock experience @number@ hours earlier.
moreover , this freezing increased with the number of footshocks given to the subject and it was accentuated within seconds after footshock delivery.
freezing was not seen in naïve observers or in experienced observers that observed a subject who was spared footshock.
leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein ( lrg ) is a protein induced by inflammation.
it contains a leucine-rich repeat ( lrr ) structure and easily binds with other molecules.
however , the function of lrg in the brain during aging and neurodegenerative diseases has not been investigated.
we then generated transgenic ( tg ) mice that over-expressed mouse lrg ( mlrg ) in the brain to examine the effects of mlrg accumulation.
finally , we examined protein-protein interactions using a protein microarray method to screen proteins with a high affinity for hlrg.
tg mice exhibited neuronal degeneration and neuronal decline.
it is anticipated that hlrg csf levels will be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of pdd and psp.
it is unclear whether the same limitation holds in middle income countries , and for both general assessments of health and specific conditions.
methods : data were obtained from brazil , a middle income country.
for specific health measures there was a consistent linear association with depression , pulmonary disorders , renal disorders , and sensory impairment.
for musculoskeletal , cardiovascular ( negative association ) , and gastrointestinal disorders this association no longer held when comorbidities were controlled.
there was no association with diabetes.
among the identified risk factors of age-related macular degeneration , sunlight is known to induce cumulative damage to the retina.
a photosensitive derivative of the visual pigment , ( a2e ) , may be involved in this phototoxicity.
the high energy visible light between @number@ nm and @number@ nm ( blue light ) is incriminated.
our aim was to define the most toxic wavelengths in the blue-green range on an in vitro model of the disease.
light irradiances were normalized with respect to the natural sunlight reaching the retina.
six hours after light exposure , cell viability , necrosis and apoptosis were assessed using the apotox-glo triplex™ assay.
retinal pigment epithelium cells incubated with a2e displayed fluorescent bodies within the cytoplasm.
their absorption and emission spectra were similar to those of a2e.
exposure to @number@ nm illumination bands induced a loss in cell viability with a dose dependence upon a2e concentrations.
irrespective of a2e concentration , the loss of cell viability was maximal for wavelengths from @number@ to @number@ nm.
cell viability decrease was correlated to an increase in cell apoptosis indicated by caspase- @date@ activities in the same spectral range.
no light-elicited necrosis was measured as compared to control cells maintained in darkness.
our results defined the precise spectrum of light retinal toxicity in physiological irradiance conditions on an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration.
surprisingly , a narrow bandwidth in blue light generated the greatest phototoxic risk to retinal pigment epithelium cells.
this phototoxic spectrum may be advantageously valued in designing selective photoprotection ophthalmic filters , without disrupting essential visual and non-visual functions of the eye.
objective : the aim was to assess pharyngeal airway dimensions and physiological changes based on lateral cephalometric radiographs from healthy untreated children aged 6-17 years.
materials / methods : the sample consisted of @number@ lateral cephalograms ( @number@ females and @number@ males ) of the zurich craniofacial growth study.
to disclose differences between different age groups , a kruskal-wallis test was applied.
the influence of gender on ' p ' and ' t ' was analysed by a mann-whitney u-test for each age group separately.
the spearman correlation was computed in order to investigate associations between craniofacial parameters.
variables associated with ' p ' and ' t ' were chosen for multiple regression model investigation.
results : the results demonstrated high interindividual variations.
with the exception of the 9-year age group , no significant differences between the genders were found.
correlation analysis revealed several statistically significant correlations between ' t ' or ' p ' and antero-posterior cephalometric variables.
all correlation coefficients were , however , very low and the adjusted coefficient of determination also revealed the regression model to be very weak.
conclusions : the high interindividual variations of ' p ' and ' t ' render the use of reference values problematic.
contrary to other craniofacial structures , neither age-related changes nor sexual dimorphism were found for ' p ' and ' t'.
any associations to antero-posterior cephalometric characteristics seem low.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted.
one hundred and twenty-two elderly subjects living in palermo city participated to the study.
according to the anamnesis , subjects were divided into two groups : experimental group ( eg ) and control group ( cg ) .
a threshold of @number@ % for both scales ( bbs-70 and bi-70 % ) was set , according to the aims of the study.
statistica software was adopted to perform an unpaired t test.
a p value lower than @number@ was considered to be statistically relevant.
in eg the bbs-70 % showed @number@ % of cases compared to @number@ % of the cg.
the bi showed a similar trend to bbs.
in eg the bi-70 % showed @number@ % of cases , while the bi-70 % of cg showed @number@ % of cases.
moreover , only @number@ % of eg reported falls previously , while cg reported @number@ % of falls during the same period of time.
instructors may evaluate the functional ability of their attendees through bbs to easily obtain more information and better plan ballroom dance classes.
moreover , we highlight that these conclusions need to be supported by other studies with different cohorts and a larger population scale.
we reviewed all clinical trials indexed in medline that tested hmb supplementation as well as all the experimental data regarding hmb intracellular mechanisms of action.
the usual dose of @number@ g / day may be routinely recommended to maintain or improve muscle mass and function in health and disease.
the safety profile of hmb is unequivocal.
further , well-designed clinical studies are needed to confirm effectiveness and mode of action of hmb , particularly in pathological conditions.
in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , circulating fgf23 levels are markedly elevated , while klotho production is decreased.
clinical studies , however , have yielded conflicting results.
furthermore , some studies have even suggested that fgf23 may have a protective role against vascular calcifications and cv disease.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) has a number of known genetic risk factors.
clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested the existence of intermediate factors that may be associated with additional risk of pd.
we identify genetic risk profiles based on gwas variants associated with schizophrenia and crohn's disease as significantly associated with risk of pd.
background : vascular risk factors such as hypertension and obesity have been associated with physical limitations among older adults.
method : this cross-sectional study included @number@ community-living participants aged ≥60 years in the confucius hometown aging project of china.
functional dependence was defined as being dependent in at least one activity in the personal or instrumental activities of daily living.
data were analyzed using multiple logistic models controlling for potential confounders.
we used the mediation model to explore the potential mediating effect of cas and pad on the associations of aggregated vrfs with functional dependence.
results : of the @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had functional dependence.
atherothrombotic carotid stenosis is one of the most important etiologies behind this event.
if properly recognized and treated , lives can be saved , as well as long-term disabilities prevented.
background : aldosterone plays a detrimental role on the cardiovascular system and pa patients display a higher risk of events compared with eh.
in particular , stroke and arrhythmias were more frequent in pa patients.
during the follow-up , a higher percentage of pa patients developed type @number@ diabetes.
age is the principal nonmodifiable risk factor for stroke.
over the past @number@ years , suitable models for stroke in aged rats have been established.
behaviorally , the aged rats have the capacity to recover after cortical infarcts albeit to a lower extent than the younger counterparts.
aging brain reacts strongly to ischemia-reperfusion injury with an early inflammatory response.
overall , these pro-inflammatory reactions promote early scar formation associated with tissue fibrosis and reduce functional recovery.
one of the most frequently observed lesions in clinical forensic practice concerns the patterned abrasion on skin due to constriction by various types of ligature.
detection of ligature marks and their patterns may be fundamental for reconstructing events and supporting testimony of an aggression , sexual abuse , or maltreatment.
but very little actually exists in literature concerning their detectability and how long they last.
polyvinyl siloxane , applied by a gun dispenser , was used to perform a cast of the skin mark.
above @number@ min , the specific pattern was always recognizable.
methods : @number@ postmenopausal women with urogenital aging symptoms were enrolled in this prospective randomized study.
patients : randomly divided into two groups and each group consisted of @number@ women.
subjects in the group ii received one intravaginal estriol ovule ( @number@ mg ) plus pelvic floor rehabilitation in a similar regimen.
results : after therapy , the symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy significantly improved in both groups.
aim : aim of the study was to validate the italian version of the neuropsychiatric inventory-nursing home ( npi-nh ) .
methods : the italian version of the npi-nh was administered in @number@ patients in a nursing home in northern-italy.
results : the internal consistency of the npi-nh reported a value ( α = 0.62 ) according to the literature.
the inter-rater reliability was ρ = 0.991 and ρ = 0.999 for the caregiver distress.
there was an almost complete overlap between the assessments of individual items ranging from ( ρ ) @number@ and @number@
the test-retest reliability was ρ = 0.961 and ρ = 0.943 for the distress of the caregiver.
ageing is a complex molecular process driven by diverse molecular pathways and biochemical events that are promoted by both environmental and genetic factors.
specifically , ageing is defined as a time-dependent decline of functional capacity and stress resistance , associated with increased chance of morbidity and mortality.
these effects relate to age-related gradual accumulation of stressors that result in increasingly damaged biomolecules which eventually compromise cellular homeostasis.
nevertheless , the findings that genetic or diet interventions can increase lifespan in evolutionarily diverse organisms indicate that mortality can be postponed.
objectives : to understand how caring for grandchildren affects the physical and mental health of grandparents in taiwan.
we found some evidence of reduced mobility limitations for both skipped-generation and nonresidential caregivers relative to noncaregivers.
the associations in self-rated health and depressive symptoms were more pronounced in long-term caregivers than among those who recently started caregiving.
comparing taiwanese grandparents across different types of caregiving shows that the associations of grandparent caregiving with health vary by living arrangement and duration.
however , these findings may not be causal because caregiving and health outcomes were observed simultaneously in our data.
more research is needed to understand the unique age trends prevalent in specific populations and tasks.
primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative clinical syndrome that presents in adulthood with an isolated , progressive language disorder.
three main clinical / anatomical variants have been described , each associated with distinctive pathology.
a high frequency of neurodevelopmental learning disability in primary progressive aphasia has been reported.
within semantic variant primary progressive aphasia the right-handed and non-right-handed cohorts appeared homogeneous on imaging , cognitive profile , and structural analysis of brain symmetry.
lastly , the non-fluent group showed no increase in learning disability or non-right-handedness.
logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia and developmental dyslexia both manifest with phonological disturbances and posterior temporal involvement.
learning disability might confer vulnerability of this network to early-onset , focal alzheimer's pathology.
left-handedness has been described as a proxy for atypical brain hemispheric lateralization.
as non-right-handedness was increased only in the semantic group , anomalous lateralization mechanisms might instead be related to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with abnormal tardbp.
taken together , this study suggests that neurodevelopmental signatures impart differential trajectories towards neurodegenerative disease.
ld muscles were aged for @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days and were then evaluated for quality index.
pelvic suspension ( ps ) significantly decreased the wbsf of beef muscle at @number@ d and @number@ d postmortem compared with as.
the tenderness with ps at @number@ d postmortem was similar with that of as at @number@ d.
moreover , ps increased sarcomere length and decreased purge loss of ld significantly.
behavioural and electrophysiological indicators of response monitoring in amateur musicians with various skill levels were collected using simple conflict tasks.
a boy with pelizaeus-merzbacher disease underwent repeated evaluations by 3-tesla ( @number@ ) h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) .
the patient showed overlap of the plp1.
individuals selected as normal controls for ( @number@ ) h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy consisted of healthy age-matched children.
for ( @number@ ) h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy , the center of a voxel was positioned in the right parietal lobe.
however , the γ-aminobutyric acid concentration in the pelizaeus-merzbacher disease patient was normalized at @number@ and @number@ months.
no remarkable changes were observed in choline-containing compounds concentration at any time.
these results suggest that the changes in metabolite concentrations during growth can reflect the pathological condition of pelizaeus-merzbacher disease.
furthermore , the lack of change in the choline-containing compounds concentration can be useful for differentiating pelizaeus-merzbacher disease from other white matter disorders.
conclusion : this is the first study to investigate prospective memory in ftd syndromes.
a relative sparing of time-based pm was observed in sd , in contrast with global pm deficits in bvftd.
disrupted pm processing was found to correlate with stereotypical behaviors in ftd syndromes , a finding that we suggest is worthy of further investigation.
topical @percent@ alpha lipoic acid ( ala ) has shown efficacy in treatment of photo-damaged skin.
the dispersions were characterized by zeta potential , light scattering techniques , optical and transmission electron microscopy , encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release.
p407 gels were prepared using the cold method.
two concentrations of p407 gel were fabricated , @number@ and @percent@ w / w.
p407 gels were loaded with either ala or dispersions containing ala cubosomes.
p407 gels were characterized by critical gelation temperature , rheological measurements and in vitro drug release studies.
results suggested that by increasing p407 concentration , the gelation temperature decreases and viscosity increases.
drug release in both cases was found to follow the higuchi square root model.
gel loaded with ala cubosomes provided a significantly lower release rate than the gel loaded with the un-encapsulated ala.
there were no instances of irritation , peeling or other apparent adverse side effects.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) increase intra-cellular calcium and enhance the formation of mptp that leads to neuronal cell death in ad.
cypd-dependent mptp can play a crucial role in ischemia / reperfusion injury.
the interaction of amyloid beta peptide ( aβ ) with cypd potentiates mitochondrial and neuronal perturbation.
thus , the cypd-dependent mptp is directly linked to the cellular and synaptic perturbations observed in the pathogenesis of ad.
designing small molecules to block this interaction would lessen the effects of aβ neurotoxicity.
this review summarizes the recent progress on mptp and its potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases including ad.
mitochondria are essential for mammalian and human cell function as they generate atp via aerobic respiration.
mutations in the nuclear encoded genes that disrupt mitochondrial functions are also discussed.
typical adolescent behaviour such as increased risk-taking and novelty-seeking is probably related to developmental changes in the brain reward system.
our data revealed age-related changes in brain activity during both components of reward processing.
activation related to reward anticipation increased with age , while activation related to reward outcome decreased in various regions of the reward network.
this study provides evidence for functional changes in the reward system which may underlie typical adolescent behaviour.
t helper ( th ) @number@ cells have been implicated in the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
additionally , a reciprocal relationship between these pro-inflammatory th17 and the anti-inflammatory regulatory t cells ( tregs ) has been described.
the data revealed a continual increase of basal cd4 + il23r + cell amounts in the different age groups.
however , the th17 / treg ratio decreased age-dependently after stimulation and was accompanied by elevated foxp3 mrna and il-10 protein expressions.
this indicates a higher susceptibility to develop inflammatory diseases with increasing age.
future therapeutic efforts may benefit from the development of models that enable basic investigation of early disease pathology.
administration of such aβ oligomers yielded signs of the disease , including cell culture age-dependent binding of aβ and cell death in the glutamatergic populations.
there were certain discrepancies between pet and autoradiographic findings , which seemed to arise from partial volume effects ( pve ) .
voi-based cortex-to-cerebellum ratios ( suvr ) were compared for uncorrected and pve-corrected results.
the phantom study indicated a fwhm of @number@.72mm.
applying a voi-brain-mask including extracerebral regions gave robust pvec , with increased precision of the suvr results.
wt animals showed no binding changes , irrespective of pvec.
episodic memory was affected by such agents , wheras semantic memory was spared.
both age and hba1c were associated with episodic memory decline.
bdnf ( @number@ ) met carriers with higher hba1c levels evidenced slope decline in episodic recall.
we conclude that variants of genetic polymorphisms act in synergy with long-term blood glucose control in shaping patterns of cognitive aging.
however , most conventional groupwise registration methods do not explore the data distribution during the image registration.
thus , their performance could be affected by large inter-subject variations in the data set under registration.
thus , the topology of image distribution on the image manifold is always preserved during the groupwise registration.
all experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve better performance in terms of registration accuracy and robustness.
results implied modulation of activation in the orbitofrontal cortex ( ofc ) due to emotional distractor valence , which marginally correlated with participant age.
findings are discussed in the context of risk for the development of psychiatric disorders , where increased emotional reactivity is particularly apparent.
the mitochondrial theory of ageing is one of the main contenders to explain the biochemical basis of the ageing process.
an important line of support comes from the observation that mtdna deletions accumulate over the life course in post-mitotic cells of many species.
a single mutant expands clonally and finally replaces the wild-type population of a whole cell.
our study shows that the shorter size does in principle provide a selection advantage , which can lead to an accumulation of the deletion mutant.
however , this selection advantage diminishes the shorter is the replication time of wt mtdna in relation to its half-life.
baseline cpcs were measured in @number@ patients based on the cell surface markers cd34 , cd133 , and aldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldh ) activity.
hgba1c , fasting insulin and glucose levels , and homa calculations were ascertained.
these associations remained when corrected for age and cardiovascular risk factors.
depletion of reparative capacity as reflected by loss of cpcs may presage overt disease as exemplified in this pre-diabetes model.
female pelvic floor is a complex functional unit involved in multiple functions that extend beyond the sole support of pelvic organs.
pelvic floor dysfunction globally affects micturition , defecation and sexual activity.
different than in males , the female pelvic floor undergoes a number of adaptive changes related to life and endocrine events.
most of the clinical manifestations of these changes become apparent after menopause and throughout aging in women.
a particular focus is given to the relationship between urinary and bowel dysfunction.
from these groups , urologic surgeons were isolated for analysis.
the supply of urologists per capita has declined since @number@ - most dramatically since @number@
with an average age of @number@ years , urology is one of the oldest surgical specialties.
over @percent@ of urologists are older than @number@ years and @percent@ are older than @number@ years , suggesting an aging urology workforce.
the number of female urologists has grown almost a 1000-fold and represents a growing and younger cohort of the workforce.
the number of rural urologists and the number of international medical graduates have continued to decline since @number@
background : periostin is a secreted 90kda matricellular protein , which is predominantly expressed in collagen-rich tissues.
collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and has great tensile strength.
recent investigations have shown that periostin influences collagen fibrillogenesis and biomechanical properties of murine connective tissues.
objective : we investigated the function of periostin concerning collagen homeostasis during intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging.
using in vitro models , we determined the cell types responsible for periostin expression and performed functional analyses with periostin knockdown cells.
methods : taqman real-time pcr , uv irradiation , knockdown experiments , immunostaining , electron microscopy , collagen degradation assay , collagen crosslink analysis.
results : periostin expression is highest in the papillary dermis and downregulated during skin aging.
fibroblasts and non-follicular skin derived precursors were identified as main source for periostin expression in human skin.
periostin knockdown in fibroblasts has no effect on collagen expression , but results in an increased fibril diameter and aberrant collagen structure.
this leads to an increased susceptibility of collagen toward proteases , whereas recombinant periostin protects collagen fibrils from degradation.
conclusion : our data show that periostin plays an important role for proper collagen assembly and homeostasis.
during skin aging periostin expression decreases and contributes to the phenotype of aged skin.
the relation between the physiologic and subjective stress responses is inconsistently reported across studies.
this study examined the effect of menstrual cycle phase in the association between subjective stress and physiological response.
salivary cortisol , cardiovascular , and subjective stress were assessed throughout the experiment.
results revealed a significant group difference in the association between peak levels of cortisol and post task subjective stress.
these findings suggest a possible role of sex hormones in modulating the cortisol stress response function in emotion regulation.
the muc1 transmembrane glycoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in diverse human carcinomas and has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by genotoxic agents.
the physical interaction between muc1 cytoplasmic domain ( muc1-cd ) and jnk1 was established by gst-pull-down assay in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation assay in vivo.
we show that muc1 activates jnk1 and inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer hct116 cells.
pharmacological inhibition of jnk or knockdown of jnk significantly reduces the ability of muc1 to inhibit cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
together , our data indicate that muc1 can inhibit apoptosis via activating jnk1 pathway in response to genotoxic anticancer agents.
here , we addressed the pathogenicity of these mutations in transgenic mice expressing human adam10 in brain.
we also demonstrated adam10 expression potentiates adult hippocampal neurogenesis , which is reduced by the load mutations.
mechanistically , both load mutations impaired the molecular chaperone activity of adam10 prodomain.
serum levels of t-pa and vwf were measured at baseline.
participants underwent @number@ successive brain magnetic resonance imaging scans , first at baseline and the then after a mean follow-up of @number@ months.
total cbf was determined in each scan and also standardized for brain parenchymal volume.
at baseline , higher t-pa was associated with lower cbf ( p = @number@ ) .
in the longitudinal analysis , higher levels of vwf were associated with a steeper decline in cbf ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no association between t-pa and decrease in cbf.
these associations were independent of sociodemographic and cardiovascular factors.
in conclusion , elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction are associated with lower cbf in older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease.
inflammatory response has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases , including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
previously we identified that palmitate can induce primary astrocytes to produce cytokines , causing ad-like changes in primary neurons.
a murine model for ad shows that reduced igf-1 signaling prevents ad-like characteristics.
however , variation in serum levels of igf-1 and risk of ad in humans has yet to be determined.
we used a proven family design , comparing middle-aged offspring with and without a parental history of ad.
the offspring under study carry an increased risk of ad but do not yet experience cognitive impairment.
in conclusion , higher serum igf-1 levels in middle age are associated with risk of ad disease in older age , independent of apoe genotype.
later parenting is considered by many to have advantages , parents-to-be may feel themselves more stable to rear children.
in addition , many men start a second family later in life.
thus , paternal age becomes an emerging issue.
aging affects male fertility by a scope of factors , which are not fully understood to date.
generally , the amount of produced sperm cells as well as their motility decreases with age , as testicular histological architecture deteriorates.
decreased fecundity and an increased risk for disturbed pregnancies occur with advancing paternal age.
some rare autosomal dominant pathologies are clearly related to paternal age.
altered patterns of epigenetics / gene expression in aging sperm seem to affect a range of neurocognitive disorders and also metabolic dyshomeostasis across generations.
such effects refer to men older than @number@ years and may have impact on socio-economic issues.
nevertheless , councelling of older men seeking paternity should be patient-oriented and weigh statistical probabilities against the right for individual life-planning.
elderly patients are often affected by multiple organic diseases which can interfere with sexual function.
despite this evidence , several studies have indicated that , with advancing age , normal erections are not an absolute prerequisite to remain sexually active.
nonetheless , sexual dysfunctions especially in elderly people are poor investigated.
asking about sexual health remains difficult or embarrassing for many primary care physicians.
in addition , many patients find it difficult to raise sexual issues with their doctor.
education and permission from a health care professional may help to alter such misconceptions.
late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) is a relatively common conditions affecting the aging male.
the aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding loh and its interaction with general health.
loh is often comorbid to obesity and several chronic diseases.
medical therapy of loh should be individualized depending on the etiology of the disease and the patient's expectations.
however , it should be recognized that the number of studies on benefits of t supplementation is too limited to draw final conclusions.
longer and larger studies are needed to better clarify the role of trt in such chronic conditions.
secretion of growth hormone ( gh ) and igf-1 levels decline during advancing years-of-life.
for gh treatment to be considered for anti-aging , improved longevity , organ-specific function , or quality of life should be demonstrable.
a limited number of controlled studies suggest that gh supplementation in older men increases lean mass by ∼2 kg with similar reductions in fat mass.
this report critically reviews the potential for gh augmentation during aging with emphasis on men since women appear more resistant to treatment.
sex differences in lifespan exist world-wide , with women outliving men by more than a decade in some countries.
here , we discuss how ageing responds to natural selection on traits that arise as a consequence of sexuality.
the sexes can respond differently to dietary restriction and altered activity of nutrient-sensing pathways , with females showing a greater plasticity for life extension.
methods : we analysed data of @number@ older patients , aged 65years or older , consecutively admitted to seven acute care wards.
results : mean age of participants was 81±7years and @percent@ were women.
patients admitted through er had a shorter los compared with those elective ( @number@.4±6.7 vs. @number@.0±6.7days ; p < 0.0001 ) .
conclusions : los differed between patients admitted through emergency and through elective admission.
demographic and clinical parameters can affect los and polypharmacy was the strongest and the only common risk factor in both groups.
our approach results in a relatively \ "error-free \ " continuous variable that can serve as a dementia-specific phenotype.
independent of covariates , δ is associated significantly with @number@ serum biomarkers.
these associations appear to be specific to non-hispanic white participants.
the most important molecular mechanism for malnutrition associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to be the mismatching between protein synthesis and breakdown.
background : laxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the chest.
objective : we sought to evaluate efficacy and safety of microfocused ultrasound with visualization treatment of décolletage laxity and rhytides.
adverse events were recorded.
all subjects were satisfied or very satisfied at day @number@ with similar results at day @number@
improvement by masked assessment at day @number@ was @percent@.
limitations : single-center study , small sample size , and only fitzpatrick skin types i and ii enrolled were limitations.
conclusion : there was appreciable efficacy and patient satisfaction after a single microfocused ultrasound with visualization treatment in wrinkle reduction and lifting of the décolletage.
the death of a child is one of the most traumatic events that a parent can experience.
the psychological and physical consequences of bereavement are well established , and the consequences are more severe for mothers than fathers.
there is little evidence that a daughter's death has a negative effect on either maternal or paternal wellbeing.
we situate these findings within their social and cultural contexts and discuss social policies that would reduce gender and health inequality.
this chapter is on biomarkers , mechanisms , and potential treatment of catecholamine neuron loss in parkinson disease ( pd ) .
pd is characterized by a movement disorder from loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons.
an intense search is going on for biomarkers of the disease process.
csf dopac is low in pd-even in patients with recent onset of parkinsonism.
cardiac norepinephrine depletion is as severe as the loss of putamen dopamine.
decreased vesicular uptake of dopamine and decreased dopal detoxification by aldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldh ) determine this buildup.
vesicular uptake is also markedly decreased in the heart in pd.
multiple factors influence vesicular uptake and aldh activity.
the catecholaldehyde hypothesis also leads to testable experimental therapeutic ideas.
participants : a panel of vitreoretinal disease experts was the foundation of the international classification system.
methods : before the meeting , panel participants were asked to review @number@ articles and to complete @number@ questionnaires.
the articles were preselected based on searches for comprehensive reviews covering diseases of the vmi.
responses to questionnaires and the group's opinions on definitions specified in the literature were used to guide the discussion.
main outcome measures : optical coherence tomography-based anatomic definitions and classification of vitreomacular adhesion , vitreomacular traction ( vmt ) , and macular hole.
results : vitreomacular adhesion is defined as perifoveal vitreous separation with remaining vitreomacular attachment and unperturbed foveal morphologic features.
it is an oct finding that is almost always the result of normal vitreous aging , which may lead to pathologic conditions.
when associated with other macular disease , vmt is classified as concurrent.
full-thickness macular hole is primary if caused by vitreous traction or secondary if directly the result of pathologic characteristics other than vmt.
full-thickness macular hole is subclassified by size of the hole as determined by oct and the presence or absence of vmt.
prospective memory performance follows an inverted u-shaped function across the lifespan.
findings on the relative contribution of purely prospective memory and retrospective memory processes within prospective memory to this trajectory are scarce and inconclusive.
results confirmed the inverted u-shaped function of prospective memory performance across the lifespan.
our results showed that mainly the pure prospective memory processes within prospective memory lead to lower prospective memory performance in young children and old adults.
nevertheless , age effects were also observed in the retrospective component which thus contributed to the prospective memory performance differences between the age groups.
background : healthy , active ageing is strongly associated with good mental wellbeing which in turn helps to prevent mental illness.
however , more investment has been made into research into interventions to prevent mental illness than into those designed to improve mental wellbeing.
this applied research programme will provide high quality evidence for an intervention designed to improve and sustain mental wellbeing in older adults.
all participants will be assessed at baseline , @number@ and @number@ months post-randomisation.
the primary outcome , which is a person reported outcome , is the sf-36 mental health dimension at six months post randomisation.
secondary outcome measures have been selected to measure psychosocial , physical and mental health outcomes.
the proposed trial will determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of the intervention delivered in a uk context.
the results will support commissioners and providers with decisions about implementation.
trial registration : current controlled trials isrctn67209155.
however , information on the impacts of caring for relatives with copd on carers ' psychological health is limited.
this study aimed to analyse the subjective burden of family carers of people with early and advanced copd and its predictor variables.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted.
a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographics and care-giving characteristics.
self-rated physical and mental health were measured by two items from the international classification of functioning , disability and health checklist.
the hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depression.
subjective burden was assessed with the carers ' assessment of difficulties index ( cadi ) .
descriptive and inferential analyses were performed.
results : a total of @number@ family carers participated : @number@ were caring for people with early and @number@ with advanced copd.
both groups presented anxiety / depression symptoms.
the study highlights the relevance of early interventions in the context of copd to prevent carers ' burden.
the easy access to massive wj amount makes it an attractive source of mscs for cell-based therapies.
in conclusion , results provided by the present study suggest the need to develop novel culture protocols able to preserve stem cell plasticity.
results : fcgs ' most prevalent sleep disturbance problems were sleep quality problems ( @percent@ ) .
these findings suggest that clinicians should educate fcgs about self-care and offer strategies for dealing with a cluster of symptoms when maintaining sleep hygiene.
background : the antioxidant melatonin effectively scavenges highly toxic hydroxyl radicals.
decreases in circulating melatonin levels have been reported in patients with diseases that become more serious with advancing age.
the purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between circulatory melatonin level and the extent of senile cataracts.
to this end , we assessed the urinary excretion levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin ( amts6 ) , a major metabolite of melatonin.
each amts6 level was expressed as [ amts6 ] ( in ng ) / [ mg ] creatinine.
as the data were not normally distributed , the mann-whitney u-test was employed to assess the statistical validity of the difference observed.
this difference in nocturnal urine amts6 level between senile cataract patients and controls was not statistically significant ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the urinary amts6 level did not differ between subjects with and without senile cataracts.
conclusion : these findings suggest that living arrangements of chinese oldest old are partially getting westernized , and a majority of them adapt it well.
government programs need to be developed to assist the chinese oldest old ( especially widowed ) to live independently.
this technique is not considered to fix the joint permanently if the screws are removed.
however , this must not necessarily be true , especially if one notices that cervical joints have a tendency for rapid fusion after surgery.
methods : this is a retrospective study in @number@ patients who had received atlantoaxial fixation according to the harms method following atlantoaxial injury.
these patients had undergone implant removal after a mean time of @number@ days , followed by functional atlantoaxial ct in left-right rotation.
statistical analysis was performed using the spss software package ; significance was assumed for p < @number@
results : the following findings are reported.
@number@ ) left-right axial rotation within the atlantoaxial joint was measured to be 17° ( mean value ) following implant removal.
@number@ ) there was no significant difference between men ( 20° ) and women ( @number@.8° ) ( p = @number@ ) .
@number@ ) left-right axial rotation negatively correlated to the age of the patient ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the range of motion preserved depends on the age of the patient.
in the current study , older adults simultaneously performed a verbal working memory and a cardiovascular training to improve cognitive and motor-cognitive dual task performance.
the results indicate similar training progress and larger improvements in the executive control task for both training groups when compared to the passive control group.
objectives : the aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of older people living in institutions and their caregivers to ageing.
recent outcomes showed prevailing negative social stereotype to ageing in cr.
all respondents expressed their agreement or disagreement with the statements presented in the questionnaire regarding positive or negative attitudes to ageing.
results : the aaq total score proved significant influence of gender , having children , self-perceived health , depression , and quality of life.
globally , the attitudes of professional caregivers to ageing were more positive compared to the attitudes of older people living in institutions.
older adults showed higher agreement with negative statements about ageing.
there was no difference between professional caregivers and older people in the positive attitudes to ageing expressed as the growth potential.
physical activity , wisdom , better ability to cope with life and contacting young generation were effective in the positive attitudes of both groups.
the human brain contains an intricate network of about @number@ billion neurons.
however , age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease ( ad ) that impact on cognition.
in this line , digital electroencephalography ( eeg ) allows noninvasive analysis of cortical neuronal synchronization , as revealed by resting state brain rhythms.
in conclusion , resting state eeg makers are promising for large-scale , low-cost , fully noninvasive screening of elderly subjects at risk of ad.
here we aimed to investigate the topographical distribution of age-related cortical atrophy and to compare it with that associated with prodromal and estabilished ad.
differences in cortical atrophy were assessed between groups , as well as the effect of age within groups.
conclusion : gray matter loss occurs during aging with rates of atrophy even more severe than that observed during the course of ad.
these changes may be caused by normal mechanisms.
these findings are consistent with the view that ad is not merely accelerated aging.
however , the validity of ema data is contingent upon compliance rates.
if participant characteristics are related to missing data , analyses should control for these factors , or they should be targeted in ema training sessions.
this study evaluates the impact of demographic and smoking-related participant characteristics on compliance to an ema smoking study protocol.
methods : prequit-day data were taken from the control arm of an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a smoking-cessation program.
results : overall compliance rates were @percent@ for event-contingent and @percent@ for signal-contingent compliance.
conclusions : compliance did not depend on smoking-related characteristics.
ema is a valid method for assessing smoking behavior in real-time and real-world settings.
objective : the aim of this paper is to describe the different compensatory mechanisms for patients with severe degenerative lumbar spine.
material and methods : according to the severity of the imbalance , three stages are observed : balanced , balanced with compensatory mechanisms and imbalanced.
background : most elderly people attach great value to staying functionally independent for as long as possible.
a targeted detection and treatment of factors that threaten functional independence , through comprehensive geriatric assessment , might promote this.
this paper describes a review on the effect of in-home comprehensive geriatric assessment.
methods : a search was carried out in pubmed ( 1977-2012 ) for randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of multidisciplinary multidimensional in-home geriatric assessment.
data was extracted about effectiveness , costs and factors that had a positive or negative influence on the outcome of cga.
results : nine rcts could be included in the study.
all studies were of moderate to good quality , except for one study of poor quality.
a positive effect was found in three out of six studies on functional status and in two out of four studies on quality of life.
no effect was found on number of hospital admissions , nursing home admissions and on mortality.
most studies showed a rise in total health care expenditure.
conclusion : in-home cga has a modest positive effect on functional status and quality of life.
evidence suggest that in-home cga might be most effective in elderly that have a relatively high level of functioning.
during \ "redirection , \ " retirees develop a \ "new self. \ "
implications : this study indicates that retirees experienced a new stage of \ "redirection \ " and found new meaning through volunteer work during retirement.
the results will be of interest to professionals and researchers focused on career development , older workers , and retirement.
purpose of the study : comprehensive measures of disability accommodations have been lacking in national health and aging studies.
summary measures across activities and several hierarchical classification schemes ( e.g. , no accommodation , devices / activity reductions only , help ) were developed.
for the latter , we also evaluated validity by examining correlations with measures of capacity and demographic characteristics ( n = @number@ ) .
results : items about assistive device use and help in the last month were robust ( most kappas @number@.7-0.9 ) .
activity reduction measures were moderately reliable ( around @number@ ) but still showed reasonable agreement.
hierarchical classifications had acceptable reliability and levels demonstrated hierarchical properties.
importance : cataracts are a main cause of low vision ; with the growing elderly population , the incidence of cataracts is likely to increase.
investigators have previously hypothesized that statin antioxidant effects may slow the natural aging process of the lens.
objective : to compare the risks for development of cataracts between statin users and nonusers.
design : a propensity score-matched cohort analysis using retrospective data from @date@ , to @date@ .
a propensity score-matched cohort of statin users and nonusers was created using @number@ variables.
setting : database of a military health care system.
among @number@ patients meeting study criteria , we identified @number@ statin users and @number@ nonusers.
exposure : use of statin therapy for more than @number@ days.
main outcomes and measures : primary analysis examined the risks for cataract in the propensity score-matched cohort.
a sensitivity analysis was conducted to repeat the secondary analysis in patients taking statins for durations of @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
results : for our primary analysis , we matched @number@ pairs of statin users and nonusers.
sensitivity analysis confirmed this relationship.
conclusions and relevance : the risk for cataract is increased among statin users as compared with nonusers.
the risk-benefit ratio of statin use , specifically for primary prevention , should be carefully weighed , and further studies are warranted.
importance : the reconstruction of cutaneous defects of the cheek and lip is a foundational topic for facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons.
facial defects have a significant impact on patient quality of life that has been well demonstrated.
evidence review : a medline search of scientific literature was conducted , with an emphasis on @number@ to the present.
search terms included cheek ; lip ; reconstruction ; vascular anatomy , soft-tissue anatomy , aging face , outcomes , and perforator flap.
cadaveric studies were specifically sought for anatomic review , and comparison group outcome studies are preferentially cited over clinical case series.
outcomes analyses for local flap reconstruction are in high demand.
pedicled perforator flaps will likely see increased application for facial reconstruction in the near future.
conclusion and relevance : detailed knowledge of the soft-tissue anatomy of the cheek and lip is critical to accurate surgical planning in local flap reconstruction.
altered insulin system is associated with major pathological conditions like diabetes and cancer.
in this review , we discuss the influence of these regulators on alternative splicing , mrna stability and translation.
we previously quantified frailty in aged mice with frailty index ( fi ) that used specialized equipment to measure health parameters.
this noninvasive fi based on clinical measures can be used in longitudinal studies to quantify frailty in mice.
unlike the performance-based eight-item mouse fi , the clinical fi exhibits key features of the fi established for use in humans.
over the next fifty years , the number of older adults is set to reach record levels.
the disease-state of age-related cognitive decline-alzheimer's disease and other dementias-hijacks our consciousness and intellectual autonomy.
however , there is evidence that cognitively stimulating activities protect against the adverse effects of cognitive decline.
similarly , bilingualism is also considered to be a safeguard.
it is recommended that future research should test this potentially fruitful hypothesis.
cognition is inseparable from physical activity , with both interlinked to promote neuroplasticity and more successful brain aging.
background : previous cross-sectional mri studies with healthy , young-to-middle-aged adults reported no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers on total hippocampal volume.
associations between hippocampal volumes and measures of episodic learning and memory were examined.
in smokers , greater pack-years were associated with smaller volumes of the total hippocampus , presubiculum , and subiculum.
findings also indicated an adverse smoking dose / duration response ( i.e. , pack-years ) with total hippocampal and select subfield volumes.
these hippocampal volume abnormalities in smokers may be related to the deficiencies in episodic learning and memory in young-to-middle-aged smokers reported in previous studies.
context : androgen modulation of erectile function ( ef ) is widely accepted.
however , the use of testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) in men with erectile dysfunction ( ed ) has generated an unprecedented debate.
it also regulates the timing of the erectile process as a function of sexual desire , coordinating penile erection with sex.
various clinical tools can help the physician to assess and restore androgen levels in men with ed.
special attention is given to fertility-sparing treatments , due to the increasing number of older men desiring fatherhood.
the simultaneous use of phosphodiesterase type @number@ inhibitors ( pde5-is ) and trt has recently been questioned.
originally proposed as a salvage therapy for nonresponders to pde5-is , this approach has been inappropriately transformed into a combination therapy.
clinical data are consistent when reinterpreted in the proper framework , whereas molecular evidence remains controversial.
apparently divergent findings are reconciled when trt is correctly indicated.
an improved diagnosis and individualized management is desirable in light of the many available options.
recent studies suggest that subjects with hypothyroidism under therapy with levothyroxine ( l-t4 ) might develop oxidative stress.
fpp caused a normalization of redox markers ( p < 0.01 vs. placebo ) .
thyroid supplementation accelerates mitochondrial oxygen consumption and oxidative stress , whereas a redox-modulator therapy is advisable , given the long-lasting treatment in such cases.
the aim of this study was to analyse the relative age effect ( rae ) in competitive swimming.
the best @number@ portuguese swimmers ( 12- to 18-year-olds ) for the main individual swimming pool events of both genders were considered.
analysis was conducted on @number@ swimming event participants , taking account of respective swimmer birth dates and the fédération internationale de natation points gained.
differences in the distribution of birth dates by quarter year were determined using the chi-square.
a one-way analysis of variance anova was used to test for differences measured in points between individuals by quarterly birth year intervals.
a two-way analysis of variance anova was also conducted to test the interaction between gender and seasonal birth date with regard to performance.
the results show an inequitable distribution ( p < 0.01 ) of birth dates by quarter for almost all age groups and both genders.
analysing mean swimming performance , post-hoc results ( p < 0.01 ) show no consistency in rae.
higher performance occurs among older swimmers only in @number@ m butterfly ( female @number@ 1st≠2nd quarter , p = 0.003 ) .
the results also show no interaction between gender and seasonal birth date ( p < 0.01 ) .
the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) regulates cellular proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
our study showed that yhk significantly reduced cellular growth in the huh7 cell line ( p < 0.05 ) .
moreover , this phytocompound partly reduced gene expression of nf-κb p65 ( by @percent@ , p < 0.05 ) .
increasing evidence suggests that periodontal disease might be associated with several systemic diseases ( diabetes , immunosuppression , obesity , hormonal changes ) .
mobility-disability is a common condition in older individuals.
many factors , including the age-related hormonal dysregulation , may concur to the development of disability in the elderly.
we start this review focusing on the mechanisms by which anabolic and catabolic hormones may affect physical performance and mobility.
to address the role of the hormonal dysregulation to mobility-disability , we start to discuss the contribution of the single hormonal derangement.
gait is a complex motor task , initiated and governed by different areas of the brain.
studies have shown a clear association between gait and cognition.
impairments in both gait and cognition are prevalent in older adults.
older adults with gait impairment have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairments.
those with cognitive impairment often have gait impairments and more falls than cognitively healthy older adults.
some studies have shown that such gait disturbances were measurable years before mild cognitive impairment or dementia or walking difficulties were clinically manifest.
quantitative gait analysis can provide early detection of gait and cognitive impairments as well as fall risk.
future quantitative gait studies may help distinguish dementia subtypes in early stages of the diseases.
early detection of gait and cognitive impairments would provide a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and progression.
quantitative gait analysis should be viewed as a clinical tool to aid diagnoses and treatment planning.
this review examines the current literature on quantitatively measured gait impairment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or a dementia subtype.
aging is associated with a progressive loss of bone-muscle mass and strength.
this is not surprising since bones adapt their morphology and strength to the long-term loads exerted by muscle during anti-gravitational and physical activities.
we also report some recent definitions of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have emerged in the literature and their implications in clinical practice.
finally , we outline the current evidence for the efficacy of available anti-osteoporotic and proposed antisarcopenic interventions in older persons.
the increase of life expectancy together with the decline of birth rates implies a global aging of populations living in industrialized countries.
prevention of physical disability represents a major public health priority.
the need for strategies against disability has led researchers to look for the most relevant risk factors potentially determining or accelerating the disabling cascade.
in this context , cardiovascular and respiratory conditions have been indicated as playing prominent roles in the determination of frailty.
moreover , the high prevalence of these conditions among older persons makes them particularly amenable to targeting for preventive interventions.
the aim of the present review is to show the impact of cardiovascular and respiratory conditions on physical function.
with body composition it is possible to divide human body in compartments on the basis of different physical properties.
body composition techniques may be used to study ageing process.
changes in body composition occur as part of the normal ageing process and are associated with important effects on health and function.
moreover body fat distribution changes with adverse metabolic profiles and increased cardiovascular risk.
current evidence suggests that functional status is an important outcome of pharmacologic treatments in older people.
at the moment , studies have shown diverse effects of medications on functional status.
for example , some have shown potentially detrimental effects , while others have found improvements on physical function in elders.
overall , suboptimal prescribing and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) may negatively affect functional status.
on the other hand , selected drugs may slow or delay functional decline in older people.
this review will provide available evidence of the diverse impacts of drug medications on functional status in older persons.
the early identification of elderly patients more prone to physical decline represents a crucial step for establishing preventive measures.
although functional capacity can easily be assessed , the use of additional criteria that anticipate the onset of mobility limitations seems much more advantageous.
in the foreseeable future , proteomic studies might predictably help identify novel associations between putative biomarkers and functional decline.
dental health is often neglected in the older persons , and dental conditions associated with aging are complex , adversely affecting the quality of life.
we conducted a community-based cross sectional study among persons aged > or = @number@ years from delhi during 2009-2010.
a questionnaire was used to interview elderly regarding dental health.
the world health organization ( who ) oral health assessment form was used for examining the study participants.
a total of @number@ participants were examined and included in the study.
of the dentate , @percent@ had active dental caries.
the mean decayed , missing and filled teeth ( dmft ) score for the study population was @number@
the prevalence of gingival bleeding , periodontal pockets and loss of attachment was @number@ @number@ and @percent@ , respectively.
the prevalence of tobacco use was @percent@.
age , frequency of teeth cleaning , and method used for teeth cleaning were statistically associated with the dmft score.
the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was high in the study population , and warrants intervention.
noninvasive procedural dermatology has evolved rapidly during the past decade.
in the future , such advances will likely continue , although the pace of technological breakthroughs is difficult to predict.
the techniques of noninvasive facial rejuvenation are forever being redefined and improved.
this article will review historical as well as present approaches to resurfacing , discussing the nonablative tools that can complement resurfacing procedures.
current thoughts on the pre- and postoperative care of resurfacing patients are also considered.
the goal is to produce a deeper wound healing response at multiple levels with robust collagen remodeling and a more durable clinical response.
as clinical parameters are studied and optimized , enhanced efficacy and consistency of clinical improvement is expected.
rf heating occurs irrespective of chromophore or skin type and is not dependent on selective photothermolysis.
rf can be delivered using monopolar , bipolar , and unipolar devices , and each method has theoretical limits of depth penetration.
a variant of bipolar delivery is fractional rf delivery.
in monopolar configurations , rf will penetrate deeply and return via a grounding electrode.
multiple devices are available and are detailed later in the text.
rf thermal stimulation is believed to result in a microinflammatory process that promotes new collagen.
by manipulating skin cooling , rf can also be used for heating and reduction of fat.
the findings indicate a dearth of information on the characteristics and care delivery of home care agencies and individual providers of nonmedical home care.
the findings also illustrate that licensure and certification of home health agencies may enhance the capacity for improvements in quality of care.
all the anomalous right coronary artery coursed between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
we discuss how to make an accurate diagnosis for appropriate management.
errorless learning ( el ) is a principle used to teach new information or skills to people with cognitive impairment.
also , a sizable subgroup required one or more rest stops.
these data illustrate that it is not feasible to have a single exercise prescription for older adults with compromised function.
respiratory virus infections in the elderly result in increased rates of hospitalization and death.
respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) is a leading cause of severe virus-induced respiratory disease in individuals over the age of @number@
cd8 t cells play a critical role in mediating rsv clearance.
despite a decrease in the overall numbers of rsv-specific cd8 t cells during acute infection , their capacity to produce effector cytokines was not impaired.
following viral clearance , the rsv-specific memory cd8 t cells were similar in total number and phenotype in young and aged mice.
chronic noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) are now prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries and confer a heightened risk of disability.
it is unclear how public health programs can identify the older adults at highest risk of disability related to ncds within diverse developing country populations.
using machine-learning algorithms , we identified sociodemographic correlates of disability.
methods : this was a secondary analysis of cognitive , genetic and alcohol consumption data collected from members of the framingham heart study offspring cohort.
there was not a significant interaction between midlife alcohol consumption status and apoe e4 on the trajectory of learning and memory.
follow-up was @number@ ± @number@ years.
outcome measures were compound z scores for memory , attention , executive functioning , language , and global cognition.
analyses were adjusted for age , sex , and education.
results : patients were @number@ ± @number@ years old ; @number@ ( @percent@ ) were women.
average baseline mini-mental state examination score was @number@ ± @number@
there were no differences in cognitive decline between nia-aa preclinical ad stages @number@ and @number@
conclusions : csf evidence of preclinical ad in patients with subjective complaints predicted cognitive decline over time , encompassing more than memory alone.
executive functioning and global cognitive functioning also deteriorated.
on the other hand , 2-year prognosis for patients without evidence of ad pathophysiology was good.
methods : low back pain , aching or stiffness on most days was documented on a body chart.
foot posture was categorized as normal , planus or cavus using static weight-bearing measurements of the arch index.
foot function was categorized as normal , pronated or supinated using the centre of pressure excursion index derived from dynamic foot pressure measurements.
results : foot posture showed no association with low back pain.
conclusion : these findings suggest that pronated foot function may contribute to low back symptoms in women.
interventions that modify foot function , such as orthoses , may therefore have a role in the prevention and treatment of low back pain.
osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease characterized by a compromised skeletal fragility , leading to an increased risk of developing spontaneous and traumatic fractures.
thus , pharmacological treatments have been aimed at modulating the activity of bone cells.
significant progress has been made uncovering functional brain networks , yet little is known about the corresponding structural covariance networks.
the default network's functional architecture has been shown to change over the course of healthy and pathological aging.
structural covariance of the default network scores declined in healthy and pathological aging.
decline was greatest in the ad cohort and in those who progressed from mild cognitive impairment to ad.
the management of pre-hospital cardiac arrest in children requires psychosocial as well as medical skills.
this paper provides a review of the current literature regarding the psychological aspects of pre-hospital cardiac arrest in children.
in this study , the influence of the age of an individual who left his dna on an object is investigated.
no person older than @number@ years displayed a full profile.
drop-in and drop-out artefacts occurred frequently throughout the age groups.
aortic stiffness is strongly related to age and mean arterial pressure ( map ) .
we used a linear regression model to assess the effect of treatment on the pwv.
these results were driven primarily by subjects whose blood pressure was below 140 / 90 mm hg.
further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding.
we studied a cohort of normotensive and untreated essential hypertensive taiwanese participants ( @number@ men , @number@ women , mean age @number@ years ) .
doppler flow and applanation tonometry were performed to assess carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) and augmentation index ( ai ) .
inclusion of ai in the overall model reduced the gender difference in e / a by @percent@ and rendered it nonsignificant.
there was a significant interaction between ai and hypertension ( p = 0.02 ) .
we assess orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) prevalence in elderly fallers and determine oh-associated risk factors in this patient population.
among @number@ patients aged @number@.4±7.4 years , oh was found in @number@ subjects ( @percent@ of cases ) .
in contrast , angiotensin receptor blockers ( or @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) appeared to be protective factors against oh.
the industrial processing of tomatoes into tomato-based products includes several thermal treatments.
very little is known on the effect of tomato industrial processing on antiaggregatory activity and phenolic profile.
methods : it was assessed the effect of tomato and by-products extracts on platelet aggregation induced by adp , collagen , trap-6 and arachidonic acid.
these in vitro antithrombotic properties were further supported in an in vivo model of thrombosis.
a set of antiplatelet compounds has been selected for hplc analysis in the different extracts.
also , pomace extract presents antithrombotic activity.
conclusions : processed tomatoes may have a higher content of health-benefiting compounds than fresh ones.
pomace even presents the best antiplatelet activity.
finally , tomato products may be used as a functional ingredient adding antiplatelet activities to processed foods.
background : older adults , with or without normal peripheral hearing sensitivity , have difficulty understanding speech.
this impaired speech perception may , in part , be due to desynchronization affecting the neural representation of acoustic features.
research design : correlational.
study sample : thirty four adults ( aged 22-77 yr ) with hearing thresholds falling within normal limits.
data collection and analysis : stimuli used to evoke ffrs were @number@ hz tone bursts as well as a consonant-vowel / da / sound.
results : the neural representation of simple ( tone ) and complex ( / da / ) stimuli declines with advancing age.
tone-ffr phase coherence decreased as chronological age increased.
for the consonant-vowel ffrs , transient onset and offset response amplitudes were smaller , and offset responses were delayed with age.
sustained responses at the onset of vowel periodicity were prolonged in latency and smaller in amplitude as age increased.
fft amplitude of the consonant-vowel ffr fundamental frequency did not significantly decline with increasing age.
the ability to encode a simple signal was related to degradation in the neural representation of a complex , speechlike sound.
tone-ffr phase coherence was significantly related to the later vowel response components but not the earlier vowel components.
these aging effects were evident in middle age , even in the absence of significant hearing loss.
background : healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline , but results of studies have been inconsistent.
design : participants included @number@ men and women ≥65 y of age who were residents of cache county , ut , in @number@
cognitive function was assessed by using the modified mini-mental state examination ( 3ms ) ≤4 times over @number@ y.
results : the range of rank-order dash and mediterranean diet scores was 1661-25 , 596 and 2407-26 , 947 , respectively.
higher dash and mediterranean diet scores were associated with higher average 3ms scores.
people in quintile @number@ of dash averaged @number@ points higher than those in quintile @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
the corresponding difference for mediterranean quintiles was @number@ ( p = @number@ ) .
these differences were consistent over @number@ y.
background : cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and osteoporosis are @number@ major public health problems that share common pathophysiological mechanisms.
it is possible that strategies to reduce cvd risk may also benefit bone health.
in a cross-sectional study of @number@ puerto ricans aged 47-79 y , we modified the aha-dls to test associations with bone health.
no component of the aha-dlr alone was responsible for the observed positive associations.
conclusions : dietary guidelines for cvd risk reduction may also benefit bone health in this hispanic cohort.
synchronizing dietary guidelines for these @number@ common diseases may provide a simplified public health message.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01231958.
dynamic balance was measured during slow ( @number@ cm / s ) and fast ( @number@ cm / s ) anterior and posterior perturbations.
h / m-ratio was measured at @percent@ of maximal m-wave ( h / m20% ) @number@ @number@ and @number@ ms after perturbations.
stretch reflexes were measured from tibialis anterior and soleus during anterior and posterior perturbations , respectively.
in slow , elderly exhibited larger peak center-of-pressure ( cop ) displacement ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) during anterior perturbations.
in fast , young showed a trend for faster recovery ( @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) after anterior perturbations.
plantar flexor rapid torque was also higher in young ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) .
the cohort was established in 1971-75 with follow-up examinations being conducted approximately every @number@ years.
dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative ffq beginning in @number@ ( exam @number@ ) .
we included @number@ adults aged ≥ @number@ years with complete dietary data in at least three examinations from @number@ to @number@
trends in fat intake were similar across the bmi categories.
background : the contribution of immune activation to accelerated hiv-disease progression in older individuals has not been delineated.
longitudinal models of cd4 cell restoration examined associations with age-group , thymic volume , immune activation , and viral load.
results : forty-five older and @number@ younger adults ( median age @number@ and @number@ years , respectively ) were studied.
sexual dysfunction and in particular erectile dysfunction ( ed ) are frequent complications of dm.
in patients with dm , ed can be considered as a useful sign of silent myocardial ischemia.
a large body of evidence also supports a strong association between dm , cardiovascular risk ( cv ) and testosterone deficiency syndrome.
despite this evidence , the screening of ed and hypogonadism in the diabetic population remains poorly implemented.
in addition , data regarding the role of testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) for glycometabolic control and cv risk remains contradictory.
in the present paper we have reviewed the available evidence and based our discussion on data derived from a specific clinical case.
hypogonadism is frequently observed in subjects with type @number@ dm ( t2dm ) and especially those complaining of ed.
epidemiological studies have demonstrated that prevalence of hypogonadism in old males increases with every additional decade of life.
currently , testosterone injections and gel preparations are the most used.
testosterone replacement therapy provides significant symptomatic improvements for men with late start hypogonadism.
there is a large ongoing multicentric randomized clinical trial sponsored by nih for testosterone control in old men with low testosterone levels.
its results may give answers to the possible benefits and risks of testosterone replacement in aging males.
if an aging male is diagnosed as late-start hypogonadism , the urologist should discuss with the patient potential benefits and risks of testosterone therapy.
aging males with significant erythrocytosis , untreated sleep apnea , prostate cancer and high risk of cardiovascular events must be excluded from testosterone replacement therapy.
td can be caused by primary testicular failure , decreased lh secretion ( secondary ) or a combination of both ( mixed type ) .
the clinical features of td depend on the age of onset.
before completion of pubertal development it results in eunuchoid traits that can be easily detected.
the clinical expression of adult onset td is protean , with varied symptoms and signs often overlapping with those of aging and several chronic conditions.
sexual problems as low desire and difficult erections are frequently reported by td patients.
several symptom questionnaires have been proposed for detecting td.
physical examination usually yields few significant data but it can help for detecting unidentified cases of early onset td.
measuring serum total testosterone ( tt ) levels is mandatory.
it is available in most laboratories although commonly used methods are not fully satisfactory.
in adult men the lower limit for the normal reference range is around @number@ nmol / l , but this figure can vary among laboratories.
\ "grey zone \ " values falling within a ±20% interval around this limit need further clarification.
they are summarized here in a diagnostic algorithm.
there is a need for laboratory tests giving a reliable estimate of the androgen sensitivity of each subject.
it is a proved fact there is a decrease of androgen levels associated with aging.
the human brain comprises distributed cortical regions that are structurally and functionally connected into a network that is known as the human connectome.
elaborate developmental processes starting in utero herald connectome genesis , with dynamic changes in its architecture continuing throughout life.
these factors lead to projected growth rates of near @number@ percent through @number@
expected growth for @number@ is @number@ percent , with an average projected growth of @number@ percent per year thereafter.
over the 2012-22 period , national health spending is projected to grow at an average annual rate of @number@ percent.
the aim of this study is to describe the association of pet ownership and loneliness.
objectives : informal caregiving has been found to be burdensome and is associated with depression among older caregivers.
these outcomes are often accentuated when caregivers and care recipients co-reside.
results : co-resident caregivers of spouse and children experienced more depressive symptoms than other relationship co-resident caregiving dyads.
however , those who cared for a confidant experienced fewer depressive symptoms , independent of the relationship type.
conclusions : the provision of informal care is stressful and results in a heightened experience of depressive symptoms.
nonetheless , the type and closeness of the relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient can lessen caregiver depression.
when informal caregivers care for a confidant , the emotional bond may reduce the depressive symptoms.
geriatric health care has become a major issue worldwide.
there are no data regarding geriatric dermatologic diseases are available from nepal.
patients of @number@ years and above were enrolled in the nepali fiscal year 2067 ( @date@ - @date@ ) .
the data included age , sex , place , and diagnosis.
the aim of the study is to determine the characteristic pattern and frequency of dermatoses in dermatologic patients aged @number@ years and above.
there were total of @number@ patients who visited out patients department.
out of which frequency of geriatric patients were @number@ which constitute about @percent@.
the male to female ratio was @percent@ each.
few patients had more than one dermatoses which constitute < @percent@ .photodermatitis was found to be statistically significant.
the most common dermatoses were eczema in females followed by photodermatitis and comparatively in males viral and fungal infections were common.
this study depicts various characteristic patterns of dermatoses seen in elderly.
eczema and infections was found to be most common diseases seen in elderly.
many physiologic and nonphysiologic factors contribute to performing correct or incorrect nerve conduction studies.
cold to cool temperature also adversely affects the emg.
repetitive stimulation studies for neuromuscular junction disease are greatly affected by decreasing the limb temperature.
how to warm these patients and maintain a desirable temperature throughout the examination is vitally important.
methods of warming patients may vary from inexpensive to expensive in cost and simple to complex in nature.
osteoporosis is the most common cause of bone fragility , especially in post-menopausal women.
these conditions include disorders of bone homeostasis , impaired bone remodeling , collagen disorders , and medications qualitatively and quantitatively affecting bone strength.
proper diagnosis allows correct treatment to prevent the occurrence of fragility fractures.
osteoporosis and sarcopenia are the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders affecting older people.
osteoporosis is a widespread disorder affecting millions of individuals of all ethnic backgrounds worldwide , particularly among older women.
it is characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue , with a consequent increase in the risk of fracture.
sarcopenia is considered to be one of the major factors responsible for functional limitations and motor dependency in elderly persons.
in age-related muscle atrophy , a decrease in muscle fiber size and number , and a preferential loss of type ii fibers have been reported.
we assessed t₂ ( app ) associations with t-scores , harris hip score and age.
results show that t₂ ( app ) is able to discriminate between osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone samples.
osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.
the most frequent sites of fragility fractures are the hip , the distal radius , the spine , the proximal humerus , and the ankle.
in most cases , a surgical approach with subsequent rehabilitative treatment is required.
the general aims of rehabilitation are to increase functioning and improve patients ' activities , participation level , and quality of life.
we observed that fat fraction ( ff ) can discriminate healthy and osteoporotic patients.
water mean diffusivity ( md ) and fa can discriminate the healthy group from osteopenic and osteoporotic group.
md / ff vs fa / ff graph extracted from the femoral neck identifies all healthy individuals , according to dxa results.
dti and spectroscopy protocol performed in the femoral neck could be highly sensitive and specific in identifying healthy subjects.
the clinical management of fragility fracture is simple but complex at the same time.
autografts have excellent biological properties but are associated with morbidity of the donor site and are restricted in volume.
allografts are available in adequate quantity but concerns still remain about the risk of infections , moreover they do not have osteogenetic properties.
bone substitutes have different indications and are very attractive for orthopedic surgeons.
the present paper briefly reviews the advantages and disadvantages of autografts , allografts and bss for bone reconstruction.
excess of bone remodeling is still the major pathogenic factor in involutional osteoporosis.
this phenomenon is linked to an imbalance between neoformation ( by osteoblasts ) and resorption ( by osteoclasts ) .
recently , research in drug development is focused on new and more \ "physiological \ " approach to balance bone remodeling.
recently , data from several clinical studies confirm that denosumab improves fracture outcomes , also at skeletal sites rich in cortical bone.
only little is known when talking about the evolution of a vertebral fracture.
it is important to try to make a prognosis on how the fracture is going to heal based on the type of fracture encountered.
wrist fracture is the most common fragility fracture in perimenopausal and young postmenopausal women in usa and northern europe.
recent studies based on high-resolution imaging have shown microarchitectural deterioration of trabecular bone even in premenopausal women presenting with a wrist fracture.
these fractures increase the risk of subsequent fractures , especially in the first @number@ years.
currently , pharmacological therapies are able to prevent or slow down bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
the human monoclonal antibody against rank-l ( denosumab ) has been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis.
in addition , after @number@ years of treatment , it showed a reduction in vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk.
the incidence of ankle fractures ( afs ) in the elderly is rising due to the increase in life expectancy.
rather than directly related to osteoporosis , afs are a predictor of osteoporotic fractures in other sites.
in women afs are associated with weight and bmi.
afs are difficult to categorize ; therapeutic options are non-operative treatment with plaster casts or surgical treatment with kirschner's wires , plates and screws.
the choice of treatment should be based not only on the fracture type but also on the local and general comorbidity of the patient.
the distal radius fractures ( drfs ) are the second most common fracture in the elderly population.
despite their frequency , the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial.
osteoporosis is a diffuse skeletal disease in which a decrease in bone strength leads to an increased risk of fractures.
osteoporosis can significantly impact on the risk of developing a fracture.
thus , fragility fractures represent a challenge for health professionals and decision makers of the twenty-first century.
it was estimated that the costs of treating proximal femur fragility fractures in @number@ summed up to @number@ billion euros.
the incidence of fragility fractures in italy is very high , and osteoporosis is the leading cause of morbidity in the italian population.
the aim of our retrospective cohort study is to analyze the persistence rates in relation to antiosteoporotic drugs using administrative databases in the campania region.
overall , @number@ patients were incident users of antiosteoporotic drugs.
among them , @number@ patients had undergone spot-therapies.
a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) were classified as switchers.
switching rates were highest for patients taking alendronate @number@ or strontium ranelate @number@ and lower for patients taking ibandronate @number@ or risedronate @number@
in the overall population , @percent@ of subjects were still on therapy after @number@ months.
in cancer patients depression and insomnia are frequent and serious comorbid conditions which definitely require a special attention.
fall is generally the main cause of fractures.
hip fractures are the most common ones and are usually correlated to a greater morbidity and mortality.
the aim of our observational study was to evaluate , among patients with hip fragility fracture , characteristics and circumstances of falls.
we conducted a national epidemiological survey , involving @number@ physiatrists.
they were asked to collect data on patients over @number@ years of age who underwent a fragility fracture in the @number@ months prior to recruitment.
in most people of our cohort , hip fracture was caused by a fall that occurred on the side during the morning.
osteoporosis is a skeleton disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone tissue , resulting in an increased risk of fragility fracture.
a well-timed diagnosis and treatment is necessary in preventing further vertebral fracture and their consequences.
exercise alone or as part of physical therapy management is often recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention.
the aim of this short communication is to examine the rationale of a rehabilitation protocol after a vertebral fracture.
the major role of vitamin d in humans is to increase the absorption of calcium and phosphatase for the mineralization of the skeleton.
stress fractures mainly occur in the lower limb as a result of cyclic submaximal stresses.
most commonly affected by this specific type of fractures are young athletes , military or elderly subjects with metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis.
in consideration of the heterogeneity of affected patients is presumable that there are different pathogenic mechanisms.
this leads to a macrostructural failure and to the development of \ "fatigue \ " fractures.
instead , in elderly patients , there are numerous physiological conditions that determine a bone metabolism alteration.
this is the main reason for the structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone , which is reflected in reduced biomechanical strength.
proximal femur fractures are common in elderly osteoporotic patients.
the consequences of hip fractures in elderly individuals are significant in terms of years of life lost and reduction of the quality of life.
the goal of the treatment is to return the patients to their pre-fracture level of quality of life and avoid complications during the surgery.
to achieve this goal , surgery is usually required for the vast majority of hip fracture patients.
osseointegration is a term that refers to the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone without intervening soft tissue.
cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty is dependent on mechanical and biological factors that affect implant stability and long-term outcome.
we performed a pilot study with the purpose to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) was used to measure the whole and regional body composition.
appendicular lean mass ( alm ) was calculated as the sum of lean mass in arms and legs.
participants were divided according to the number of vertebral fractures ( single or multiple fractures ) .
a total of @number@ women were included.
our results suggest that sarcopenia is common among osteoporotic women increasing along with the number of vertebral fragility fractures.
bone is a tissue that dynamically adapts mass and architecture to the mechanical loads that occur in daily life in a world with gravity.
bone architecture and mass are influenced by the applied tension peak , whereas the bone formation rate is modulated by the stimulus frequency.
the osteocyte network , under physiological conditions , activates osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblast function enhancing bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation.
fragility fractures and their care are a major burden on individuals , health systems , and social care systems in industrialized countries.
fragility fracture can lead to long lasting painful and disabling condition.
the level of pain is a major determinant for the outcome of any treatment of these fractures regardless of its location.
the treatment of pain in patient with fragility fracture is rarely considered a priority in the care pathway.
methods : forty normal subjects underwent topcon 3d @date@ macula-centered scan.
the raw data were automatically segmented into @number@ layers using the 3d graph search approach.
then the mean and standard deviation of intensities of each layer were calculated.
the image quality index was given by the oct software.
correlation analysis was performed between the optical intensities in each layer and image quality and subject's age.
the optical intensity in rnfl was negatively correlated with age ( r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : automatic assessment of the layers ' intensities was achieved.
in normal subjects , the retinal layers ' optical intensities were affected by image quality.
normalization with optical intensity of onl , all areas , or image quality index is recommended.
the optical intensity of rnfl decreased with age.
maximum oxygen consumption ( vo2max ) and body composition ( dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography ) were also measured before and after the intervention.
exercise dose was computed using vo2 / heart-rate derived linear regression equations.
subjects expended @number@ ± @number@ kcal / session ( @number@ ± @number@ kcal / wk ) during the intervention and lost ~8% body weight.
thus , exercise training plus weight loss increased pancreatic β-cell function in a linear dose-response manner in adults with prediabetes.
purpose : maintenance of cognitive abilities is important for elderly to stay independent.
with the aging of the population , the call for modifiable factors is emerging.
dietary protein might improve cognitive performance ; however , this has hardly been studied.
therefore , we studied the impact of 24-week dietary protein supplementation on cognitive performance in pre-frail and frail elderly people.
cognitive performance was measured at baseline and after @number@ weeks by means of a sensitive neuropsychological test battery.
in addition , reaction time was assessed after both @number@ and @number@ weeks of intervention.
domain scores were calculated for the domains episodic memory , attention and working memory , information processing speed , and executive functioning.
analyses of covariance were used to determine differences between groups.
linear mixed models were used to determine differences in reaction time over time and per treatment.
dietary protein had no significant effect on any of the cognitive domain scores.
conclusions : protein supplementation might improve reaction time performance in pre-frail and frail elderly , but did not improve other cognitive functions.
the sample ( n = @number@ ) was assembled based on an expansive search of the peer-reviewed literature using multiple electronic databases.
qualitative findings were extracted and coded / categorized.
reflective memos were developed , and a cohesive interpretation of the raw data emerged.
ipa tends to be a multigenerational problem that older women are reluctant to discuss.
with age , ipa assumes different forms , and many older women actively choose to make the best of their situations.
older women cope by trying to make sense of their lives and nurturing themselves in small ways.
occasionally , events occur that enable permanent change.
nurses are encouraged to nonjudgmentally assist older women to enhance their well-being , despite ipa.
they are also urged to actively intervene when opportunities for significant change arise.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a condition found worldwide , is strongly associated with aging and is the most common type of arthritis.
because of its effect on ambulation and mobility , it has significant functional impact and is associated with considerable medical costs.
the bio-identical progesterone may indirectly regulate bone remodeling and may also play a role in the development and maintenance of cartilage.
this review will discuss about transdermal bio-identical progesterone cream as suggested hormonal treatment of oa , based on its pathogenic process.
objectives : later life is often accompanied by experiences of loss and bereavement in several life domains.
in spite of this , older adults experience less negative affect than their younger counterparts.
several explanations for this paradoxical finding have been put forward , but the mechanisms underlying the association between age and negative affect remain largely unclear.
in the present study , we propose that mindfulness may be an important mediator of this association.
method : a cross-sectional sample of @number@ participants ( age range 18-85 years ) was used to investigate this question.
participants completed a range of self-report questionnaires on demographic variables , mindfulness , affect , quality of life ( qol ) , and personality.
results : our findings indicate that the age-related decrease in negative affect is mediated by mindfulness.
the results remain significant when we control for qol and personality.
discussion : these findings imply that mindfulness skills may be an important link between age and negative affect.
implications of these findings for the understanding of the well-being paradox are discussed.
cognitive decline is very common in age and particularly in subjects with neurodegenerative conditions.
besides memory and language , executive functions are very often affected in elderly and patients with alzheimer's disease or parkinson's disease.
however , the neural alterations associated with these executive deficits are still not fully understood.
furthermore , significant activation in the left motor , somatosensory cortices and somatosensory association cortices was demonstrated.
these neural correlates of executive functions should be further investigated as a potential prodromal neural marker of executive deficits and neurodegenerative processes.
however , it is now clear that the full range of altered offspring phenotypes includes impaired reproductive function.
in rats , sheep and nonhuman primates , reproductive capacity is altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development.
this review will examine available experimental evidence across commonly studied experimental species for developmental programming of female and male reproductive function throughout an individual's life-course.
spatial variation of the haemodynamic stresses acting on the arterial wall is commonly assumed to explain the focal development of atherosclerosis.
disturbed flow in particular is thought to play a key role.
however , widely-used metrics developed to quantify its extent are unable to distinguish between uniaxial and multidirectional flows.
in rabbit aortas , transwss patterns were again different from patterns of traditional metrics.
the new metric may lead to improved understanding of atherogenesis.
rationale : myocardial function is enhanced by adoptive transfer of human cardiac progenitor cells ( hcpcs ) into a pathologically challenged heart.
rejuvenation of senescent hcpcs will improve the outcome of regenerative therapy for a substantial patient population possessing functionally impaired stem cells.
objective : reverse phenotypic and functional senescence of hcpcs by ex vivo modification with pim-1.
methods and results : c-kit-positive hcpcs were isolated from heart biopsy samples of patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation.
growth kinetics , telomere lengths , and expression of cell cycle regulators showed significant variation between hcpc isolated from multiple patients.
telomere length was significantly decreased in hcpc with slow-growth kinetics concomitant with decreased proliferation and upregulation of senescent markers compared with hcpc with fast-growth kinetics.
the presence of isopeptide bonds impairs protein structure / function.
pimt is a repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of l-isoasp ( or d-asp ) residues to l-asp residues.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a severe neurodegenerative disease principally affecting motor neurons.
the condition of oxidative stress reported in familial and sporadic forms of als prompted us to investigate asn deamidation in als tissue.
background : with increasing age , physical capacity decreases , while the need and time for recovery increases.
at the same time , the demands of work usually do not change with age.
in the near future , an aging and physically changing workforce risks reduced work ability.
therefore , the impact of different factors , such as physical activity , on work ability is of interest.
thus , the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity and work ability using both cross sectional and prospective analyses.
methods : this study was based on an extensive questionnaire survey.
the number of participants included in the analysis at baseline in @number@ was @number@ of whom @number@ were also included in the follow-up in @number@
the primary outcome measure was the work ability index ( wai ) , and the level of physical activity was measured using a single-item question.
in the cross-sectional analysis we calculated the level of physical activity and the prevalence of poor or moderate work ability as reported by the participants.
in the prospective analysis we calculated different levels of physical activity and the prevalence of positive changes in wai-category from baseline to follow-up.
in both the cross sectional and the prospective analyses the prevalence ratio was calculated using generalized linear models.
results : the cross-sectional analysis showed that with an increased level of physical activity , the reporting of poor or moderate work ability decreased.
conclusions : the level of physical activity seems to be related to work ability.
the relationship of higher order problem solving to basic neuropsychological processes likely depends on the type of problems to be solved.
well-defined problems ( e.g. , completing a series of errands ) may rely primarily on executive functions.
implications for the development of intervention strategies that target preservation of functional independence in older adults are discussed.
the study examined well-being and depression of elders.
the domestic living arrangements were assessed by a single item with five options : ' with whom are you living together ? '
results : urban chinese elders ' living arrangement had transited from a traditional intergenerational co-residence pattern to a more self-independent style.
however , living with children was positively associated with elders ' mental health after controlling for demographic variables.
although the neighborhood identity had no interaction with living arrangement , it also contributed to elders ' mental health.
results of the current study suggested implications for both government and non-governmental organizations to design family-based support for eldercare and improve neighborhood identity for elders.
objective : calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are two dietary interventions that can improve aging.
religious fasting also suggested having similar benefit ; however , such studies are still scarce.
methods : a randomized controlled study was done on men , aged 50-70 years in klang valley , malaysia.
assessment was ascertained at three time point ; baseline , weeks @number@ and @number@
blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile , dna damage and malondialdehyde ( mda ) .
results : the fcr group reduced their energy intake for approximately @percent@ upon completion of the study.
conclusion : fcr improved metabolic parameters and dna damage in healthy older adult men.
therefore , there is a need to further examine the mechanism of fcr.
fungi are major causes of infections among immunocompromised or hospitalized patients with serious underlying diseases and comorbidities.
the rapidly growing elderly population has specific physiological characteristics , which makes it susceptible to colonization and subsequent infection due to candida species.
comorbidities and multidrug use should be taken into account any time the therapeutic regimen is under consideration.
therefore , these agents are strongly recommended when dealing with elderly patients suffering from an invasive form of candida infection.
based on this assumption , several known oxidants and antioxidants have been studied in patients with nps.
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oxidative stress parameters with a more valid and reliable method in patients with nps.
seventy-three patients with nps , septal deviations and middle concha hypertrophies were recruited.
polyp specimens were taken from all patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for nps.
control specimens were obtained from patients who underwent an operation for septoplasty or middle concha hypertrophy.
in group @number@ serum osi levels were significantly correlated with age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
our study demonstrated that oxidative stress , both in serum and tissues in patients with nps , was higher than in patients without nps.
our study differs from previous studies in that we used a more reliable method that measures both tos and tas.
interleukin-6 was measured at baseline and @number@ years earlier.
cause-specific mortality , chronic disease and functioning were ascertained from hospital data , register linkage and clinical examinations.
our results suggest that assessing long-term chronic inflammation by repeat measurement of interleukin-6 has the potential to guide clinical practice.
background : benign prostate syndrome ( bps ) is a common phenomenon in the aging male.
transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) remains the international standard of care for -patients requiring surgical intervention for bps.
although the voiding improvement following turp is well-documented , controversy exists regarding its effect on post-operative sexual function.
in this study we investigated the possible influence of individual surgeons on clinical voiding parameters and post-operative sexual function after turp.
to evaluate the clinical parameters , patients completed the ipss and iief-15 questionnaires preoperatively and @number@ year postoperatively.
additional parameters including urinary flow and post voiding residual volume were also collected.
results : a statistically significant improvement in voiding function was noted postoperatively.
the mean ipss improved from @time@ @number@ ( p < 0.05 ) .
the mean pre-operative prostate volume was @number@ cm³.
the mean resected tissue weight was @number@ g.
this was statistically significant with pre-op iief-15 = 30.52 and post-op @number@ ( p < 0.05 ) .
comparing individual surgeons , no statistically significant difference was noted in ipss and iief-15 functional outcome scores.
conclusion : overall , ipss scores improved significantly following turp and sexual function scored declined mildly.
we detected no influence between surgeons on clinical voiding parameters and postoperative sexual function after turp using the ipss and iief-15 questionnaires.
as we know , both of them originate from the neural crest , but have distinct characteristics and functions in vitro and in vivo.
the regeneration potential of dscs declines with advanced age ; however , the mechanism of the impaired potential in dscs has not been fully explored.
in this study , we investigated whether declined neurogenic differentiation capacity is associated with an altered expression of wnt signaling-related proteins in vitro.
in summary , our study demonstrated that wnt / β-catenin signaling may play a vital role in the age-dependent neural differentiation of dscs.
therefore , dscs may provide an ideal source of stem cells that can further extend their therapeutic application in nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
the potential options for igf-1 therapy arise as a promising strategy in a wide list of human diseases.
however , deeper studies are needed from a suitable animal model.
all human conditions of igf-1 deficiency consist in partially decreased igf-1 levels since total absence of this hormone is hardly compatible with life.
in addition , a significant reduction of cortical bone thickness and histopathological alterations in the testicles were found in hz mice when compared to controls.
finally , the lifelong evolution of igf-1 serum levels showed significant differences throughout life until aging in mice.
familistic culture and public pension spending have a weak but statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between intergenerational family ties and health.
we have uncovered a novel role for the mitochondrial sirtuin sirt4 in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism during changes in nutrient availability.
the enhanced fatty acid oxidation observed in sirt4 ko hepatocytes requires functional sirt1 , demonstrating a clear cross talk between mitochondrial and nuclear sirtuins.
thus , sirt4 is a new component of mitochondrial signaling in the liver and functions as an important regulator of lipid metabolism.
chip noncanonically ubiquitinates sirt6 at k170 , which stabilizes sirt6 and prevents sirt6 canonical ubiquitination by other ubiquitin ligases.
in chip-depleted cells , sirt6 k170 mutation increases sirt6 half-life and prevents proteasome-mediated degradation.
cells lacking chip are hypersensitive to dna-damaging agents , but dna repair and cell viability are rescued by enforced expression of sirt6.
overcoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( egfr-tkis ) is an emerging issue in lung cancer treatment.
we report evidence that a gtpase-activating protein , p190-a rhogap ( p190 ) , is a potential molecular target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
we documented inhibition of phosphorylation of p190 by egfr-tki treatment in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.
these findings were observed not only in egfr-tki-sensitive cells but also in egfr-tki-resistant cells ; even in cell lines harboring k-ras mutations.
the mechanism of this inhibitory effect on growth and invasion / migration was ras inactivation through disrupting the p190-a rhogap / p120rasgap complex.
in addition , a high level of p190 mrna expression was observed in majority of surgically obtained tissue from lung adenocarcinoma patients.
overexpression of p190 mrna associated with poor disease-free survival.
the results suggest that overexpression of p190 mrna may be involved in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma.
these findings indicate that p190 is a possible molecular target for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
patients ( aged 60-80 years ) were divided into three groups.
the @number@ hypertensive patients were divided into four sub-groups according to the duration of hypertension.
the @number@ h systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) and other blood biochemical parameters were assayed for all patients.
hence , in elderly patients , a decrease in the levels of bmi , hdl , tc and ldl accompanies aging.
furthermore , the decline of arterial compliance and increase in arterial stiffness develops with age.
aging is more likely to lead to atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries , particularly in the left main coronary artery and its main branches.
aging is an uncontrollable risk factor , which plays a crucial role in coronary artery atherosclerosis.
white matter changes are one of the several aging brain alterations.
blood vessels are often overlooked in analyses of skeletal muscle biopsies.
here , we provide a review of normal skeletal muscle vasculature with details of the ultrastructure of vessel walls.
we discuss the vascular effects of factors common to many patients undergoing muscle biopsy , for example , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , and aging.
we then discuss vascular findings relevant to diagnostic muscle biopsy evaluation , with current theories of pathogenesis and detailed descriptions of the important features.
introduction : self-rated health is part of the comprehensive concept of quality of life and is a valid measurement of health status.
the main objective of this study was to test the predictive value of some different variables on the poor self-rated health among elders.
material and methods : we performed a cross-sectional study on a sample consisting of @number@ participants.
measurements : age , gender , level of education , environment , cognitive status , physical impairment , diseases , health perception and social support.
objective : to identify sensorimotor and psychosocial determinants of 3-year incident mobility disability.
design : prospective.
setting : population-based sample of community-dwelling older persons.
participants : community-living middle-aged and older persons ( age : 50-85 years ) without baseline mobility disability ( n = @number@ ) .
results : a total of @percent@ participant reported 3-year incident mobility disability.
conclusions : low visual contrast sensitivity , poor knee extensor strength and significant depressive symptoms are independent determinants of future onset of mobility disability.
the present study was aimed at determining the frequency of genetic variations in mapt in a south indian ftd cohort.
these findings suggest that there may be other genetic or epigenetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of ftd in the south indian population.
this screen identified @number@ phosphatidylcholine ( pc ) molecules that were significantly diminished in ad cases.
also , rare recessive mutations have been associated with frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) .
we did not find an association between p.r47h and age of onset of ad or family history of dementia.
finally , none of the ftd patients harbored this genetic variant.
these data strongly support the important role of p.r47h in ad risk , and suggest that this rare genetic variant is not related to ftd.
however , the origin and influence of demographic characteristics ( e.g. , age or sex ) on these proteins are unknown.
however , no pd-related trend in the cellular component was present.
in the supernatant collected from @number@ healthy subjects , no correlation was seen between salivary dj-1 or α-syn with age.
sequence interruptions in the repeats have been described in the majority of these disorders and may influence disease phenotype and heritability.
we here report a sequencing study of the ar cag repeat in a cohort of sbma patients and control subjects in the united kingdom.
we found no repeat interruptions to be present , and we describe differences between sequencing and traditional sizing methods.
background : little is known about coronary plaque in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) -infected women.
data from @number@ hiv-infected men and @number@ non-hiv-infected male controls were compared.
conclusions : young , asymptomatic , hiv-infected women , demonstrate increased noncalcified coronary plaque and increased immune activation , particularly monocyte activation.
independent effects of sex , hiv status , and aging on immune activation may contribute to cardiovascular disease in this population.
clinical trials registration : nct00455793.
methods : cross-sectional analyses of the national health and nutrition examination survey from @number@ to @number@
loge feno values were used as dependent variables to test associations of demographic and health related-covariates.
multivariable regression models were used to assess the independent effect and covariate-adjusted contribution of the factors.
overall , feno levels increased with increasing age ( p < @number@ ) , and height ( p < @number@ ) .
in all age groups , feno levels were positively associated with eosinophil counts , and with testing in the morning.
among youths 6-11 and 12-19 years , non-hispanics whites had lower feno values than non-hispanic blacks and hispanic youths.
no race-ethnic difference in feno levels was evident for adults 20-79 years.
among adolescents and adults , feno levels were higher for males than for females , controlling for all other factors.
conclusions : these reference values and associated attributes in youths and adults are useful in evaluating the role of feno in airway diseases.
with aging , a general decline in immune function is observed leading to immune-senescence.
several of these changes are gender specific affecting postmenopausal women.
menopause is a normal part of a woman's lifecycle and consists of a series of body changes that can last from one to ten years.
it is known that loss of sex hormones due to aging results in a reduction of immune functions.
this article is part of a special issue entitled ' menopause'.
prelamin a accumulation causes nuclear abnormalities , impairs nuclear functions , and eventually promotes cellular senescence.
however , the underlying mechanism of how prelamin a promotes cellular senescence is still poorly understood.
the interaction of fam96b with prelamin a was confirmed by gst pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments.
furthermore , co-localization experiments by fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that fam96b colocalized with prelamin a in hek-293 cells.
moreover , ros themselves are autocrine forward regulators of the immune response.
most of the beneficial effects of antioxidants are considered to derive from their influence on the immune system.
background : the ability to measure surgical quality of care is important and can lead to improvements in patient safety.
as such , processes should be carried out in an identical fashion for all patients , regardless of how vulnerable or complex they are.
our objectives were to assess quality of surgical care delivered to elderly patients and to determine the association between patient characteristics and quality of care.
study design : this is a retrospective pilot cohort study , conducted in a single university-affiliated hospital.
adherence to @number@ process-based quality indicators ( qis ) was measured , and a pass rate was calculated for each individual qi.
the mean patient quality score was @percent@ ± @percent@ ( range @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
no association was found between patient characteristics and patient quality score.
conclusions : quality of care delivered to elderly patients undergoing major surgery at our institution was generally poor and independent of patient characteristics.
although quality appears to be uniform across different patients , these results provide targets for quality improvement initiatives.
a decline in the mitochondrial functions and aging are two closely related processes.
the result of this signaling is mitochondrial protection.
therefore , the molecular components of the pathways activated by the sexual steroids could represent targets for anti-aging therapies.
in this review , we discuss previous studies that describe the estrogen- and testosterone-dependent actions on the mitochondrial processes implicated in aging.
artistic ability and creativity are defining characteristics of human behavior.
literature from individuals with specific brain lesions has helped to map out these smaller regions of cognitive abilities.
this chapter reviews the changes produced by age on various aspects of artistic painting , particularly creativity and actual production.
aging in trained painters is often accompanied by a decline in creativity , which in turn is due to the cognitive decline related to aging.
it has been argued , however , that aging does not cause a decline , but only changes in style and content.
the two views are not mutually exclusive , and we present examples illustrating both aspects.
drug availability of ketamine and xylazine was @number@ and @number@ times greater , respectively , in old than young rats.
the rate constant of elimination of both drugs was greatly decreased and the elimination half-life was significantly greater in old compared with young rats.
compared with their young counterparts , aged rats required much higher doses to attain a similar level of anesthesia.
the stable normal group showed an initial practice effect in all domains which was sustained in memory and visuospatial reasoning.
there was only a slight decline in attention and language after visit @number@
we combined individuals with incident mci and dementia to form one group representing those who declined.
the incident mci / dementia group showed an unexpected practice effect in memory from baseline to visit @number@ with a significant decline thereafter.
this group did not demonstrate practice effects in any other domain and showed a downward trajectory in all domains at each evaluation.
modeling cognitive change in an epidemiologic sample may serve as a useful benchmark for evaluating cognitive change in future intervention studies.
in this study , we investigated the emotion recognition profile of mci subgroups.
results show emotion recognition deficits exist for the amnestic subtype with impairment in multiple domains , with an emotion-specific deficit for anger recognition.
impaired emotion recognition in amci was independent of patient mood and cognitive deficits.
the study is the first to examine the nonamnestic subtype.
no emotion recognition deficits were found.
this finding is surprising given the association between the nonamnestic subtype and frontal systems dysfunction.
these findings may have implications for early diagnosis , prognosis , and clinical management.
the present meta-analysis investigated whether event-based prospective memory ( pm ) age effects differ by task order specificity.
in contrast , unspecified pm tasks do not require responding in a particular order.
additionally , the effect of task focality on age differences was replicated.
results suggest that both pre- and postretrieval processes independently affect pm age effects.
erp analyses were used to measure the p3b component as an electrophysiological correlate of context updating.
both age groups demonstrated a large p3b component following conflicting , but not prepotent stimuli.
the peak of this p3b was delayed , and its amplitude reduced in the older , compared with younger , adults.
the results revealed that individuals with less emotional stability were more likely to take over the responsibility to provide care.
moreover , care-related personality change was affected by sex and age.
the findings point to the interplay of personality and sociostructural conditions in the caregiving role over time.
although mind-wandering is common , engaging in task-irrelevant thoughts can have negative functional consequences.
we examined whether mind-wandering frequency may be related to falls-a major health-care problem.
seniors completed a sustained attention task and self-reported their current attentional states.
monthly falls reports were collected over @number@ months.
falls were associated with an increased frequency of mind-wandering.
in addition , poorer performance on the sustained attention task was associated with more falls over @number@ months.
investment personality traits are thought to positively affect cognitive performance in old age , even after controlling for prior cognitive ability.
intellect at age @number@ was weakly associated with contemporaneous verbal fluency but had no significant effects on fluency at age @number@
conversely , verbal fluency at age @number@ was significantly , positively related to intellect at age @number@
the results suggest that better verbal fluency precedes intellectual investment in old age rather than the other way around.
the performance of older adults relative to younger adults therefore depends on the relative importance of each type of intelligence for the decision at hand.
we found that older participants performed as well as or better than younger participants on these four decision-making measures.
these results have important implications for public policy and for the design of effective decision environments for older adults.
objective : early biomarkers of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) are needed for developing therapeutic interventions.
measures of attentional control in stroop-type tasks discriminate healthy aging from early stage ad and predict future development of ad in cognitively normal individuals.
disruption in resting state functional connectivity mri ( rs-fcmri ) has been reported in ad and in healthy controls at risk for ad.
we explored the relationship among stroop performance , rs-fcmri , and csf aβ₄₂ levels in cognitively normal older adults.
results : a larger stroop effect in errors was associated with reduced rs-fcmri within the dmn and sal.
reaction time ( rt ) distributional analyses indicated the slow tail of the rt distribution was related to reduced rs-fcmri functional connectivity within the sal.
standard psychometric measures were not related to rsn composite scores.
a relationship between stroop performance and dmn ( but not sal ) functional connectivity was stronger in csf aβ₄₂-positive individuals.
conclusions : a link exists between rsn composite scores and specific attentional performance measures.
both measures may be sensitive biomarkers for ad.
method : in total , @number@ amci patients and @number@ healthy older adults participated in a recognition test followed by remember / know judgments.
positive , neutral , and negative faces were used as stimuli.
a negative correlation was found between emotional enhancement effect and the memory performance related to \ "know \ " responses.
in addition , receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed higher diagnostic accuracy for recognition test with emotional stimuli than with neutral stimuli.
furthermore , recognition memory tests using emotional stimuli may be better able than neutral stimuli to differentiate people with amci from cognitively normal older adults.
background : the choice of the best conduit for root / ascending disease and its impact on longevity remain controversial in quinquagenarians.
follow-up averaged @number@ ± @number@ years ( @number@ patient-years ) and was @percent@ complete.
the linearized mortality rate was @number@.1% / patient-year ( porcine : @number@.9% / patient-year ; mechanical : @number@.2% / patient-year ) .
conclusions : in quinquagenerians , long-term survival after stentless porcine xenograft aortic root replacement is equivalent to that after a mechanical bentall procedure.
some features of sporadic inclusion body myositis ( s-ibm ) suggest that there is acceleration of the normal ageing process in muscle tissue.
progerin , the pathogenic isoform expressed in hgps tissues , has also been detected at low levels in tissues of normal individuals with aging.
we therefore investigated the alternative splicing of lmna gene transcripts , and the post-translational processing of prelamin a , in s-ibm and control muscle samples.
older hsct recipients experience significantly increased morbidity and mortality compared to young recipients.
prophylaxis with syngeneic regulatory dendritic cells ( dcreg ) in young bone marrow transplanted ( bmt ) mice has been shown to decrease gvhd-associated mortality.
analysis of young versus older dcreg following culture revealed no differences in phenotype.
detailed incidence estimates for these infections among older adults in the united kingdom ( uk ) are lacking.
levels of antibiotic prescribing were also assessed.
cap incidence increased more markedly with age , from @number@ to @number@ episodes / 1000 person-years respectively , and was higher among men.
for both infection groups , increases over time were attenuated after age-standardisation , indicating that these rises were largely due to population aging.
rates among those in the most deprived quintile were around @percent@ higher than the least deprived and were generally higher in the north of england.
gp antibiotic prescribing rates were high for lrti but lower for cap ( mostly due to immediate hospitalisation ) .
the summary incidence commonly presented for the ≥65 age group considerably underestimates lrti / cap rates , particularly among older individuals within this group.
our methodology and findings are likely to be highly relevant to health planners and researchers in other countries with aging populations.
with ageing populations , it becomes increasingly important to understand the determinants of cognitive ability among the elderly.
we find that economic conditions at birth significantly influence cognitive functioning late in life in various domains.
recessions negatively influence numeracy , verbal fluency , recall abilities , as well as the score on the omnibus cognitive indicator.
the results are robust ; controlling for current characteristics does not change effect sizes and significance.
we discuss possible causal social and biological pathways.
introduction : foot disorders are common among older adults and may lead to outcomes such as falls and functional limitation.
however , the associations of foot posture and foot function to specific foot disorders at the population level remain poorly understood.
the purpose of this study was to assess the relation between specific foot disorders , foot posture , and foot function.
methods : participants were from the population-based framingham foot study.
quintiles of the modified arch index and center of pressure excursion index from plantar pressure scans were used to create foot posture and function subgroups.
adjusted odds ratios of having each specific disorder were calculated for foot posture and function subgroups relative to a referent @number@ quintiles.
results : pes planus foot posture was associated with increased odds of hammer toes and overlapping toes.
cavus foot posture was not associated with the foot disorders evaluated.
conclusions : foot posture and foot function were associated with the presence of specific foot disorders.
introduction : studies have shown that perceived discrimination has an impact on our physical and mental health.
a relevant part of literature has highlighted the influence of discrimination based on race or ethnicity on mental and physical health outcomes.
however , the influence of other types of discrimination on health has been understudied.
methods : we have performed a multilevel ordered analysis on the fifth wave of the european social survey ( ess @number@ ) .
this dataset has @number@ units at individual level that are grouped in @number@ european countries.
results : the model identifies statistically significant differences in the effect that diverse types of perceived discrimination can generate on the self-rated health of europeans.
therefore the future orientation of eu social policies should aim to reduce the impact of these social determinants on health equity.
maintaining adequate levels of physical activity is known to preserve health status and functional independence as individuals grow older.
physical activity was monitored by a wearable activity monitor to quantify volume and intensity of overall physical activity and selected habitual activities over @number@ hours.
ventilatory threshold was assessed during an incremental cycling test.
torque , muscle fiber conduction velocity and agonist-antagonist coactivation were measured during maximal voluntary contraction of knee extensors and flexors.
ground reaction forces were measured during sit-to-stand and counter-movement jump.
k-means cluster analysis was used to classify the participants ' physical activity levels based on parameters of volume and intensity.
cardio-respiratory fitness was associated with volume of overall physical activity as well as lying , sitting , standing , walking and stair climbing.
xenoestrogens are either natural or synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of endogenous estrogen.
these compounds , such as bisphenol-a ( bpa ) , and phthalates , are commonly found in plastic wares.
exposure to these compounds poses major risk to human health because of the potential to cause endocrine disruption.
there is huge demand for a wide range of chemicals to be assessed for such potential for the sake of public health.
classical in vivo assays for endocrine disruption are comprehensive but time-consuming and require sacrifice of experimental animals.
simple preliminary in vitro screening assays can reduce the time and expense involved.
we previously demonstrated that ( comt ) is transcriptionally regulated by estrogen via estrogen receptor ( er ) .
therefore , detecting corresponding changes of comt expression in estrogen-responsive cells may be a useful method to estimate estrogenic effects of various compounds.
we developed a novel cell-based elisa to evaluate cellular response to estrogenicity by reduction of soluble-comt expression in er-positive mcf-7 cells exposed to estrogenic compounds.
reduction of comt expression was readily detectable in cells exposed to picomolar level of e2 , comparable to other in vitro assays of similar sensitivity.
excessive reactive oxygen species ( ros ) induce apoptosis and are associated with various diseases and with aging.
sirt1 ( sirtuin-1 ) , an nad + -dependent protein deacetylase , decreases ros levels and participates in cell survival under oxidative stress conditions.
in p53-independent cell protective pathway , we found that foxo1 , foxo3a , and foxo4 were involved in sod2's upregulation by resveratrol.
the knockdown of these three foxos by sirnas completely abolished the sod2 induction , ros reduction , and anti-apoptotic function of resveratrol.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
current diagnosis time is about 12-months due to lack of objective methods.
previous brain white matter voxel based morphometry ( vbm ) studies in als reported inconsistent results.
therefore , we investigated wm morphometric changes using fd analyses in als patients with different clinical phenotypes.
we hypothesized that fd would better capture clinical features of the wm morphometry in different als phenotypes than vbm analysis.
high resolution mri t1-weighted images were acquired in controls ( n = @number@ ) , and als patients ( n = @number@ ) .
als patients were assigned into four subgroups based on their clinical phenotypes.vbm analysis was carried out using spm8.
fd values were estimated for brain wm skeleton , surface and general structure in both controls and als patients using our previously published algorithm.
no significant vbm wm changes were observed between controls and als patients and among the als subgroups.
no significant differences in any of the fd measures were observed between control and als patients.
fd correlated significantly with revised als functional rating scale ( alsfrs-r ) score a clinical measure of function.
correlation between fd and clinical measures suggests that fd could potentially serve as a biomarker of als pathophysiology , especially after confirmation by longitudinal studies.
partial deletions of the gene encoding the neuronal splicing regulator rbfox1 have been reported in a range of neurodevelopmental diseases , including idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
the proto-oncogene c-myc is vital for vascular development and promotes tumor angiogenesis , but the mechanisms by which it controls blood vessel growth remain unclear.
in the present work we investigated the effects of c-myc knockdown in endothelial cell functions essential for angiogenesis to define its role in the vasculature.
protein n-glycosylation patterns are known to show vast genetic as well as physiological and pathological variation and represent a large pool of potential biomarkers.
large-scale studies are needed for the identification and validation of biomarkers , and the analytical techniques required have recently been developed.
such methods have up to now mainly been applied to complex mixtures of glycoproteins in biofluids ( e.g. plasma ) .
human plasma samples were from the leiden longevity study comprising @number@ participants of different chronological and biological ages.
glycosylation patterns of aat enriched fractions were found to be associated with chronological ( calendar ) age and they differed between females and males.
moreover , several glycans in the aat enriched fraction were associated with physiological parameters marking cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
pronounced differences were found between males and females in the glycosylation profiles of iga enriched fractions.
telomeres protect the chromosome ends from degradation and play crucial roles in cellular aging and disease.
recent studies have additionally found a correlation between psychological stress , telomere length , and health outcome in humans.
however , studies have not yet explored the causal relationship between stress and telomere length , or the molecular mechanisms underlying that relationship.
additional treatments , such as oxidative stress , show no effect.
cell heterogeneity and the inherent complexity due to the interplay of multiple molecular processes within the cell pose difficult challenges for current single-cell biology.
in the latter , our method is able to identify a minimal set of @number@ markers that accurately predict behçet's disease and sarcoidosis.
this is the first time that a quantitative phenotypic distinction between these two diseases has been achieved.
to obtain this clear phenotypic signature , about one hundred cd8 ( + ) t cells need to be measured.
primary data were collected from stroke patients and their caregivers from @date@ to @date@ .
the primary outcome measures were modified barthel index ( mbi ) and mini-mental status examination ( mmse ) scores.
trained research assistants assessed the outcome measures at the beginning of the rehabilitation program ( baseline ) and at a 4-month follow-up.
both groups showed a significant improvement in mbi and mmse scores after @number@ months , and there was no significant between-group difference.
to conclude , the new service option and the usual care option showed similar improvement in rehabilitation outcomes at @number@ months after baseline.
initiatives to provide alternative care options on a user-pay model should be encouraged to ensure a sustainable health care system.
lips and the perioral area are of outstanding importance in youthful appearance , attractiveness , and beauty.
in this review we report the signs of aging in this particular region and the underlying anatomy.
we review studies on lip restoration in younger females and present our techniques for elderly women.
with an individually tailored approach , elderly females benefit from minimally invasive techniques.
methods : this was a cross-sectional pilot study that included @number@ people over the age of @number@ years.
caloric and protein intake were estimated on the basis of three nonconsecutive 24-hour diet recalls and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : men consumed @number@ g of protein / day more than women ( p < @number@ ) .
the estimated value of dietary protein intake was @number@ g / kg / day.
in this sample , @percent@ of subjects did not cover @percent@ of the dietary reference intake for protein.
lower consumption of dietary protein was found at breakfast and dinnertime compared with the recommended amount of 25-30 g ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : while protein intake was higher than current recommendations , it failed to achieve the values reported as necessary to prevent sarcopenia.
in addition , there was under-consumption of protein per mealtime , especially at breakfast and dinner.
recently , the transradial access has been intensively employed as an alternative means for diagnostic and interventional procedures.
methods : we analyzed data from our single-center registry on @number@ consecutive patients between @date@ and @date@ .
the patients were retrospectively divided into a transradial group ( n = @number@ ) and a transfemoral group ( n = @number@ ) .
results : there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and angiographic findings between the two groups.
background : dysfunction of the meibomian gland ( mg ) is among the most frequent causes of ophthalmological symptoms.
objective : we aimed to assess the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo , in improving the symptoms and signs of mgd.
methods : we conducted a randomized and double-mask trial of @number@ months duration.
participants were randomly assigned to two homogeneous subgroups.
the schirmer test results were also improved and statistically significant ( p < @number@ ) .
this study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of aged human anterior mitral leaflets ( aml ) and posterior mitral leaflets ( pml ) .
the material stiffness , extensibility , and degree of anisotropy of the leaflet samples were quantified.
the microstructure of the samples was assessed through histology.
both the aml and pml samples exhibited a nonlinear and anisotropic behavior with the circumferential direction being stiffer than the radial direction.
overall , stiffness increased and areal strain decreased with calcification severity.
in addition , leaflet tissues from hypertensive individuals also exhibited a higher stiffness and low areal strain than normotensive individuals.
there are significant differences in the mechanical properties of the two human mitral valve leaflets from this advanced age group.
the morphologic changes in the tissue composition and structure also infer the structural and functional difference between aged human valves and those of animals.
background : little is known about the impact of pain on physical functioning among the oldest-old subjects.
second , we described the effect of painful sites on disability during a 2-year follow-up period.
musculoskeletal pain was assessed as reported pain in back , hips or knees when moving or resting.
physical performance measures included maximum grip strength and habitual walking speed.
conclusions : the findings of this study suggest that musculoskeletal pain in nonagenarians is highly prevalent and is associated with poor physical performance and disability.
previous studies have shown that hippocampal volume is an early marker for dementia.
furthermore , we assessed whether hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value independent of hippocampal volume.
five hundred eleven brain mri scans from elderly nondemented participants of a prospective population-based imaging study were used.
during the 10-year follow-up period , @number@ of these subjects developed dementia.
for training and evaluation independent of age and gender , a subset of @number@ cases and @number@ matched controls was selected.
the hippocampus was segmented using an automated method.
from the segmentation , the volume was determined and a statistical shape model was constructed.
we trained a classifier to distinguish between subjects who developed dementia and subjects who stayed cognitively healthy.
for all subjects the a posteriori probability to develop dementia was estimated using the classifier in a cross-validation experiment.
the area under the roc curve for volume , shape , and the combination of both were , respectively , @number@ @number@ and @number@
we conclude that hippocampal shape derived from mri scans is predictive for dementia before clinical symptoms arise , independent of age and gender.
furthermore , the results suggest that hippocampal shape provides additional predictive value over hippocampal volume and that combining shape and volume leads to better prediction.
background : cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased frontal and parietal activation during executive function tasks.
results : in comparison to the endurance-trained group , the sedentary group exhibited greater bold signal changes in response to the breath-hold task.
conclusions : breath-hold calibration increased detection of working memory-related bold response differences between sedentary and endurance-trained adults.
moreover , cardiorespiratory fitness appeared to mitigate age-related changes in bold during working memory in this region.
myelination and iron deposition in the brain evolve both spatially and temporally.
this evolution reflects an important characteristic of normal brain development and ageing.
the evolution of magnetic susceptibility over this lifespan was found to display differential trajectories between the gray and the white matter.
the rate of change varied according to functional and anatomical regions of the brain.
for the brain nuclei , the age-related changes of susceptibility were in good agreement with the findings from r2 measurement.
methods : this observational study was done in consecutive patients ≥75 years old presenting to the ed.
body temperature was determined by tympanal thermometry , temporal artery thermometry and rectal temperature measurement.
adjudicated final diagnosis of infection was done by two experts including patient history , clinical and laboratory findings as well as radiographic studies.
results : a total of @number@ patients were included in the data analysis ( age : @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
infection was present in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
body temperature measured by tympanal and temporal artery thermometry was correlated with rectal thermometry.
conclusion : diagnostic accuracy for the identification of infection was comparable among tympanal and rectal thermometry and lower for temporal artery thermometry.
different cut-off points should be used to identify infection using tympanal ( @number@.3°c ) or rectal ( @number@.9°c ) thermometry.
in general , temperature measurement is an insensitive method to identify geriatric patients with infection.
registration number clinicaltrials.com : ksmc-tempger-1.
children exposed to ionizing radiation have a substantially greater breast cancer risk than adults ; the mechanism for this strong age dependence is not known.
abm rejected cell inactivation and predicted increased self-renewal would only affect juveniles while dedifferentiation could act in both juveniles and adults.
abm simulation of population dynamics of double cytokeratin cells supported increased self-renewal in irradiated mcf10a treated with tgfβ.
consistent with these data , irradiating adult mice did not increase mammary repopulating activity or er-negative tumors.
these studies suggest that irradiation during puberty transiently increases stem cell self-renewal , which increases susceptibility to developing er-negative breast cancer.
background : care home residents are aged , many have multiple co-morbidities and low levels of functioning.
yet , the uk has no routinely available , national data on health in care homes.
data were extracted on studies that included older adults in care homes.
if necessary , study teams were contacted for information.
results : we identified @number@ longitudinal cohort or repeated cross-sectional studies in the uk that involved older adults.
of these , @number@ studies provided data from care home residents.
the time period of data collection ranged from @number@ to @number@ years.
proxy interviews were used to capture the majority of data in care homes.
conclusion : in the uk and ireland , most longitudinal and nationally representative cross-sectional studies do not include or follow-up older adults in care homes.
the stroop interference task is a widely used paradigm to examine cognitive inhibition , which is a key component of goal-directed behavior.
with increasing age , reaction times in the stroop interference task are usually slowed.
however , to date it is still under debate if age-related increases in reaction times are merely an artifact of general slowing.
the current study was conducted to investigate the role of general slowing , as measured by trail-making-test-a , in age-related alterations of stroop interference.
we applied diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) to determine the topography of neuronal networks underlying stroop interference under control of general slowing.
on the behavioral level , linear regression analysis demonstrated that age accounted for significant variance on stroop interference , whereas tmt-a performance did not.
throughout the life span , the brain is a metabolically highly active organ that uses a large proportion of total nutrient and energy intake.
furthermore , the development and repair of neural tissue depend on the proper intake of essential structural nutrients , minerals , and vitamins.
therefore , what we eat , or refrain from eating , may have an important impact on our cognitive ability and mental performance.
in this symposium , the utility of existing brain imaging technologies to assess the effects of nutritional intervention in humans is described.
examples of current research showing the utility of these markers are reviewed.
currently , most epidemiologic research does not sufficiently address this issue in relation to disease etiology.
a scientific symposium was held that reviewed emerging research and discussed methodological concerns in applying the life course approach.
methodological issues and complexities in analyzing and selecting datasets were highlighted.
epigenetics can be defined as inheritable and reversible phenomena that affect gene expression without altering the underlying base pair sequence.
epigenomics is the study of genome-wide epigenetic modifications.
because gene expression changes are critical in both normal development and disease progression , epigenetics is widely applicable to many aspects of biological research.
the influences of nutrients and bioactive food components on epigenetic phenomena such as dna methylation and various types of histone modifications have been extensively investigated.
aging and cancer demonstrate profound genome-wide dna methylation changes , suggesting that nutrition may affect the aging process and cancer development through epigenetic mechanisms.
objective : motivational aspects , emotional factors , and cognition , all of which require intact cognitive functioning may be essential in sexual functioning.
however , little is known about the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior.
the aim of this article is to review the current evidence for the influence of cognitive functioning on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia.
methods : a systematic literature search was conducted in pubmed , ovid , cochrane , and psycinfo databases.
the databases were searched for english language papers focusing on human studies published relating cognitive functioning to sexual behavior in the aging population.
keywords included sexual behavior , sexuality , cognitive functioning , healthy elderly , elderly , aging and dementia.
results : eight studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria.
of these studies , five included dementia patients and / or their partners , whereas only three studies included healthy older persons.
cognitive decline and dementia seem to be associated with diminished sexual behavior in older persons.
conclusions : the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior in the aging population is understudied.
the results found are inconclusive.
varicella-zoster virus ( vzv ) causes chickenpox after which the virus remains latent in neural ganglia.
subsequent reactivation episodes occur , leading mainly to subclinical detection of vzv , but also to the clinical entity herpes zoster.
the analysis was repeated on measles and parvovirus b19 antibody titers.
at the time of the observations , measles virus circulation was virtually eliminated , whereas parvovirus b19 circulated at lower levels than vzv.
cmv infection further amplified the positive association between ageing and the reactivation rate.
the combined results thus suggest that both cmv-dependent and cmv-independent immunosenescence occurs.
this is supported by an in-depth analysis of vzv , measles and parvovirus b19 antibody titers.
we included @number@ case subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes and @number@ individually matched control subjects free of diabetes identified during a mean 5-year follow-up.
conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate matched odds ratios for incident diabetes according to categories of both forms of oc measured by elisas.
results : baseline serum concentrations of both forms of oc were significantly lower in case subjects than in control subjects.
further adjustment for family history of diabetes , lifestyle , and other confounding factors did not appreciably change the magnitude of these associations.
the resulting age-at-death distributions were then compared with age-at-death distributions for the two populations constructed using traditional aging methods.
understanding aging and how it affects an organism's lifespan is a fundamental problem in biology.
yet , what is causing stem cell and immune-senescence ?
this review discusses experimental studies of potentially immortal hydra which have made contributions to answering this question.
constructing a model of how foxo responds to diverse environmental factors provides a framework for how stem cell factors might contribute to aging.
sirtuins are a conserved family of deacetylases whose activities are dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad + ) .
collectively , they tune metabolic processes to energy availability , and modulate stress responses , protein aggregation , inflammatory processes , and genome stability.
as such , they have garnered much interest and have been widely studied in aging and age-related neurodegeneration.
in this chapter , we review the identification of sirtuins and their biological targets.
lastly , we highlight the numerous studies suggesting that sirtuins are efficacious therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disease and injury.
after snp quality controls , @number@ snps remained for analysis.
the eigenstrat method showed no stratification.
cases and controls were identified by global facial skin aging severity including intrinsic and extrinsic parameters.
quantitative trait loci mapping confirmed linkage disequilibrium.
diaph2 has been associated with premature ovarian insufficiency , an aging phenotype in humans.
edem1 associates with lifespan in animal models , although not humans.
kcnd2 is expressed in human skin , but has not been associated with aging.
these genes represent new candidate genes to study the molecular basis of healthy skin aging.
the tp53 gene encodes @number@ distinct isoforms , some of which can alter p53 activity in the absence of genomic alteration.
endogenous p53 isoforms have been identified in cancers ; however , the function of these isoforms remains unclear.
to test this hypothesis , we transduced tumor and normal cells with a lentivirus encoding δ40p53.
we show that tumor suppression by p53 can occur via an alternate route that relies on its interaction with δ40p53.
in certain neurological disorders , attempted fixation results in abnormal fixational eye movements with distinctive characteristics.
our results indicate that microsaccades are more prevalently oblique in patients with alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment than in healthy subjects.
recently , many healthcare or health monitoring systems are proposed to improve life quality of the elderly in the aging process.
the elderly are generally with poor health and low information literacy.
low information literacy might be an obstacle of using such systems.
brackets were bonded to the enamel premolars surface with a light-polymerized resin and stored in distilled water at 37ºc for @number@ days.
additionally , half the specimens of each group were thermocycled ( @number@ cycles between 5-55ºc ) ( tc ) .
the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength ( sbs ) test using a universal testing machine ( @number@ mm / min ) .
2-way anova and the tukey test were used to compare the data ( p > 0.05 ) .
for the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups , ra ( µm ) was @number@.69±0.16 and @number@.12±0.52 , respectively.
the most frequent failure mode exhibited was mixed failure involving the enamel-resin-bracket interfaces.
objectives : to assess the distribution of dementia subtypes in brazil using a population-based clinicopathological study.
immunohistochemical neuropathological examinations were performed following the universally accepted guidelines.
for the diagnosis of vascular dementia , at least three zones or strategic areas had to be affected by infarcts , lacunae , or microinfarcts.
results : from @number@ subjects , @number@ cases were classified as having moderate or severe dementia , and @number@ cases were free of cognitive impairment.
we first tested each gene for increased or decreased burden of rare variants in cases compared to controls.
there was a predominance of dysfunctional variants in cases compared to controls.
we then tested individual variants for association with disease.
we observed significant association with rare missense alleles in genes other than cfi.
finally , we show that the allele of c3 encoding gln155 results in resistance to proteolytic inactivation by cfh and cfi.
materials and methods : a total of @number@ patients ( @number@ aging upper eyelids ) with upper eyelid sagging were retrospectively examined.
the age of the patients ranged from @number@ to @number@ years ( mean age , @number@ y ) .
after a thorough preoperative evaluation , the corresponding operations were performed and the follow-up results were obtained.
results : the operation of each patient with a mean follow-up period of @number@ months was combined for a total of @number@ rejuvenation operations.
methods : eight patients ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years suffered singular eyelid defects of different causes.
results : the skin grafts survived in all cases , and the incisions healed primarily.
the eyelid laxity improved , and no complications occurred.
telomeres play a central role in cellular senescence and are associated with a variety of age-related disorders such as dementia , alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
telomere length varies greatly among individuals of the same age , and is heritable.
ltl heritability was estimated to be between @percent@ and @percent@ , suggesting a strong genetic predisposition to interindividual variation of ltl in this population.
the levels of micrornas ( mirnas ) are altered under different conditions such as cancer , senescence , and aging.
here , we have identified differentially expressed mirnas in skeletal muscle from young and old rhesus monkeys using rna sequencing.
a number of novel mirnas were also identified , particularly in old muscle.
background : aging and sedentary lifestyles lead to cardiac atrophy , ventricular stiffening , and impaired diastolic function.
both conditions are marked by increased adiposity , which can lead to ectopic fat deposition in nonadipocyte tissues including the myocardium.
the effect of excess intramyocardial fat on cardiac function in nonobese individuals is unknown.
cardiac function ( echo ) and left ventricular ( lv ) filling pressures ( right heart catheterization ) were measured under varying preloads.
lv stiffness was calculated from a curve fit of the diastolic portion of the pressure-volume curve.
after adjusting for age , fitness , and body mass index , echocardiographic and morphometric differences among groups were attenuated and no longer significant.
conclusions : body mass index and fitness levels are the strongest predictors of myocardial lipid content in nonobese humans.
we measured the pattern of growth in individuals with long-term radiologic follow-up.
methods : review of the searchable records for ln at our institution found @number@ patients , confirmed by pathology or pathognomic appearance on mri.
ten patients had serial mri of the same anatomic region for more than @number@ years of clinical follow-up.
volumetric analysis was performed using regions of interest on serially imaged segments of affected nerves.
adjustment for skeletal growth was performed for pediatric patients.
results : ln enlarged in @number@ of @number@ individuals , often both longitudinally along the nerve and in cross-sectional volume.
all cases with growth remained > 20% after adjustment for skeletal growth.
five of @number@ individuals had longitudinal extension , even with correction for skeletal growth.
more significant growth was noted in younger patients ( p = 0.02 ) .
growth rates more than @percent@ per year correlated with surgery , without statistical significance in this small population ( p = 0.14 ) .
conclusions : serial mri reveals progressive enlargement of ln.
the rate of growth was more profound in youth , but also occurred in early adulthood.
neurocognitive aging studies have focused on age-related changes in neural activity or neural structure but few studies have focused on relationships between the two.
conjunction analyses between functional and structural alteration maps were constructed.
overlaps were only observed in the conjunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( dlpfc ) gray matter reduction and functional hyperactivation but not hypoactivation.
it was not evident that the conjunctions between gray matter and activation were related to task performance.
theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
background : evidence supports the role for mitochondrial impairment in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder ( bd ) .
bd has been associated with decreased mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and increased oxidative stress.
also , mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) encodes mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and has been associated with altered oxidative stress.
preclinical studies showed that lithium treatment increased mtdna content , but no study has directly assessed mtdna content in subjects with bd in vivo.
also , the effects of lithium treatment on mtdna content have never been evaluated in humans.
importantly , endpoint mtdna copy number was significantly correlated with age.
method : relevant longitudinal observational studies were identified by systematically searching ovid medline , embase , and isi web of knowledge databases.
in sex-specific analyses no significant association with total cancer incidence was observed among men or women.
no publication bias was found.
conclusion : the meta-analysis suggests a moderate inverse association of 25 ( oh ) d concentration with total cancer incidence and mortality.
the striatum and medial temporal lobe play important roles in implicit and explicit memory , respectively.
background : resveratrol is a key component of red wine that has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic and anti-aging properties.
additional studies conducted in vitro and in animal models suggested anti-inflammatory properties.
however , data from primary human immune cells and in vivo studies are limited.
methods : a pilot study was performed including @number@ healthy volunteers.
plasma cytokine levels were measured over 48h after oral application of 5g resveratrol.
additionally , the impact on intracellular signaling pathways was analyzed using a reporter cell line and western blotting.
results : resveratrol treated individuals showed a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α ( tnf-α ) levels 24h after treatment compared to baseline.
studies using human pbmc or isolated monocytes confirmed potentiation of tnf-α production with different tlr agonists , while interleukin ( il ) -10 was inhibited.
general significance : by administering resveratrol to healthy humans and utilizing primary immune cells we were able to detect tnf-α enhancing properties of the agent.
in parallel , we found enhanced alternative nf-κb activation.
we report on a novel pro-inflammatory property of resveratrol which has to be considered in concepts of its biologic activity.
clinical feature selection problem is the task of selecting and identifying a subset of informative clinical features that are useful for promoting accurate clinical diagnosis.
moreover , with continual introduction of new clinical features , the need to repeat the feature selection task can be very time consuming.
together , a network of clinical risk factors , called the biological continuum based etiological network ( bcen ) , was constructed.
evaluation of the proposed methods was carried out using the cardiovascular heart study ( chs ) dataset.
results demonstrate a significant speedup of @number@.73-fold can be achieved for the development of mi classification model.
curiously , the reasons for the efficiency of the combination of β2m with sa remain not clear-cut.
in @number@ fonseca and san miguel ( prognostic factors and staging in multiple myeloma.
hematol oncol clin north am @number@ 21 : 1115-40 ) underlined that cytogenetic assessment might also be useful for evaluating mm prognosis.
furthermore , new perspectives recently appeared with the genomic approach.
design : data from a cross-sectional study were used to evaluate diet quality assessed by mean adequacy ratio ( mar ) .
two 24-hour recalls were collected by trained interviewers using the us department of agriculture automated multiple pass method.
main outcome measures : mar equaled the average of the ratio of intakes to recommended dietary allowance for @number@ vitamins and minerals.
crp levels were assessed by the nephelometric method utilizing latex particles coated with crp monoclonal antibodies.
results : mar scores ranged from @number@ to @number@
intakes of magnesium and vitamins a , c , and e were the most inadequate compared with estimated average requirements.
crp levels were significantly associated with mar , dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body fat , and hypertension.
a @percent@ increase in mar was associated with a @percent@ decrease in crp.
conclusions : the mar was independently and significantly inversely associated with crp , suggesting diet is associated with the regulation of inflammation.
background & aims : metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is associated with incident disability in middle-aged subjects.
we evaluated the association of mets with functional ability in an older population.
methods : we enrolled @number@ participants aged 65 + , derived from the inchianti study , and followed for @number@ years.
mets was diagnosed according to the national cholesterol education program's atp-iii criteria.
the association between disability and mets at baseline and after follow-up was assessed by logistic regression.
conclusions : in older persons , mets is associated with reduced probability of prevalent and incident adls disability.
whether older persons with mets should receive treatment and whether the current diagnostic criteria for mets apply to older individuals need further investigation.
previous literature suggests that age-related deficits of dual-task walking are particularly pronounced with second tasks that require continuous visual processing.
here we evaluate whether the difficulty of the walking task matters as well.
results showed that the maximum lean angles of younger adults were @percent@ greater than middle-aged adults and @percent@ greater than older adults.
the maximum lean angles for forward leans were @percent@ greater than sideways leans and @percent@ greater than backward leans.
these declines with age and lean direction were associated with declines in response initiation , execution and geometry.
therefore , we have demonstrated that age affects the ability to recover balance nearly a decade earlier than the rate of falls.
our second aim was to improve the caide risk score by additional midlife risk factors.
methods : this retrospective cohort study was conducted in an integrated health care delivery system.
risk model prediction and validation were examined with the c statistic , net reclassification improvement , and integrated discrimination improvement.
dementia risk per sum score was calculated with kaplan-meier estimates.
average time between midlife examination and end of follow-up was @number@ years.
the caide risk score replicated well with a c statistic of @number@ quite similar to the original caide c statistic of @number@
the caide score also predicted well within different race strata.
the risk score allowed stratification of participants into those with 40-year low ( @percent@ ) and high ( @percent@ ) dementia risk.
conclusions : a combination of modifiable vascular risk factors in midlife is highly predictive of the likelihood of dementia decades later.
possible dementia prevention strategies should point to a life course perspective on maintaining vascular health.
objective : the objective of this study was to examine the association of plasma estradiol and testosterone with risk for dementia in elderly men.
cox regression models were used to estimate multivariate steroid sex hormone-associated hazard ratios ( hr ) and @percent@ confidence intervals of dementia.
results : there was a reverse j-shaped relationship between total-t and risk for dementia ( p = .007 ) .
an interaction was found between bio-t and age ( p < .0001 ) , and bio-t and education ( p = .044 ) .
no significant association was found between total-e2 and dementia.
conclusions : low levels of testosterone are associated with a risk for dementia in elderly men.
the association between low bio-t and dementia may be more relevant to men @number@ years or older and men with a high level of education.
early detection of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is important since treatments are more efficacious when used at the beginning of the disease.
despite significant advances in diagnostic methods for ad , there is no single diagnostic method for ad with high accuracy.
mci is an intermediate state between normal aging and ad , so finding mci is important for an early diagnosis of ad.
on the way to solve this problem , it is inextricable to measure qol for older people accurately at onset.
methods : we received @number@ valid whoqol-old questionnaires from @number@ respondents who were @number@ and older by quota sampling method.
to calculate the test-retest correlation coefficient we re-interviewed @number@ participants from the community.
psychometric properties were evaluated from the aspect of feasibility , internal consistency reliability , test-retest reliability , content validity , construct validity and discriminant validity.
results : missing item responses took up @number@.0%-2.7% in the scale.
the whoqol-old showed satisfactory reliability with cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from @number@ ( social participation ) to @number@ ( sensory ability ) for each domain.
the intra-class correlation coefficients ( icc ) presenting test-retest reliability were all over @number@
there were higher correlation coefficients between items and their hypothesized domains than other domains ( p < @number@ ) , indicating good content validity.
the results of t-test showed good discriminant validity of the whoqol-old between the healthy group and the unhealthy group ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the chinese version of whoqol-old showed good feasibility , reliability and validity in this study.
however , before it can be used national-widely , further research should be conducted in other areas of china.
hypertension in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of future microalbuminuria.
women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy are at increased risk of microalbuminuria later in life.
microalbuminuria is a marker of kidney dysfunction frequently related to an inflammatory event.
pregnancy is a dynamic process characterized by immune tolerance , angiogenesis , and hormonal regulation.
menstruation and pregnancy are associated with a physiological inflammation , which is altered in preeclampsia and probably in other hypertensive situations of pregnancy.
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aldosterone receptor blockers are frequently effective in reducing the risk of progression of cardiovascular and renal disease.
results : we found age-associated cpgs ( agecgs ) that are both tissue-specific and common across tissues.
tissue-specific age cgs are frequently located outside cpg islands with decreased methylation , and common agecgs show the opposite trend.
agecgs are significantly associated with poorly expressed genes , but those with decreasing methylation are linked with higher tissue-specific expression levels compared with increasing methylation.
therefore , tissue-specific gene expression may protect against common age-dependent methylation.
kidney-specific agecgs are more increasingly methylated compared to other tissues as measured by affiliation with kidney-specific expressed genes.
underlying chromatin features also mark common and tissue-specific age effects reflective of poised and active chromatin states , respectively.
in contrast with decreasingly methylated agecgs , increasingly methylated agecgs are also generally further from ctcf binding sites and enriched within lamina associated domains.
our findings also indicate that a simple epigenetic drift model is insufficient to explain all age-related changes in dna methylation.
this article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of oral fungal infections.
the dental practitioner therefore needs to be familiar with the diagnosis and management of oral fungal infections.
included participants from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke ( regards ) study were aged 47-93 years.
osa risk was categorized as high or low based on responses to the berlin sleep questionnaire.
cognitive function was assessed with standardized fluency and recall measures.
depressive symptoms were assessed with the four-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) was assessed with the medical outcomes study short form-12 ( sf-12 ) .
however , some of the associations were age-dependent.
whether individual differences in language development in childhood predict differences in adolescent drinking behaviors has not been studied.
results : conditional logistic regression analyses and within-pair correlation analyses suggested positive associations between verbal development and drinking behaviors in both data sets.
better verbal development also was associated with the likelihood of having friends who drink in adolescence.
an obvious sign of ageing is hair greying , or the loss of pigment production and deposition within the hair shafts.
one key issue that is in common to these processes is oxidative damage.
a marked reduction in catalase expression and activity results in millimolar accumulation of hydrogen peroxide , contributing to bulbar melanocyte malfunction and death.
recent discoveries indicate that disorders of protein folding and degradation play a particularly important role in the development of lung diseases and their associated complications.
objectives : older adults complain of sleep disturbances more often than younger adults do.
it is not clear whether the age-related rise in sleep problems is related to aging itself or to health-related quality of life.
methods : a total of @number@ older community-dwelling volunteers , aged @number@.6±1.0 years old , were examined and followed for @number@ years.
results : at baseline , @percent@ of the subjects reported good sleep , with @percent@ reporting a sleep duration of approximately @number@ hr.
the total sleep time and the numbers of short , normal , and long sleepers were similar at baseline and at @number@ years later.
clinical trial registration : nct @number@ and nct @number@
our primary independent variable was the mean of all hba1c measurements in the year preceding the survey.
outcomes included the presence / absence of incontinence and limitations in daily activities due to incontinence.
results : sixty-five percent of women reported incontinence ( mean age 59±10 years ) .
after adjustment , hba1c levels were not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence.
conclusion : in this cross-sectional analysis , hba1c level is not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence.
however , for women with incontinence , poor glycemic control ( hba1c ≥9% ) is associated with more limitations in daily activities due to incontinence.
longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether improving glycemic control to hba1c < 9% leads to fewer limitations in daily activities due to incontinence.
studies of oxidative damage during the progression of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) suggest its central role in disease pathogenesis.
elevated levels of fapyguanine and fapyadenine in mitochondrial dna suggest a hypoxic environment early in the progression of ad and in dc subjects.
nucleic acid oxidation peaked early in disease progression and remained elevated.
the study suggests nucleic acid oxidation is a general event in neurodegeneration.
autonomic dysfunction is common in hiv.
however , its clinical impact is not well understood and its protean symptoms make it difficult to diagnose.
data were obtained from @number@ hiv-infected adults enrolled in a prevalence study of autonomic dysfunction from 2011-2012.
participants were predominantly minority with nearly equal numbers of men and women.
autonomic neuropathy was defined using a laboratory-based autonomic assessment , the composite autonomic severity score ( cass ) .
medical records were reviewed for the year prior to the autonomic assessment.
we found that the autonomic neuropathy score ( cass ) was associated with the vacs index.
we also found that among @number@ participants with symptomatic autonomic neuropathy , the diagnosis had been considered for only one.
the majority of the symptoms were either unexplained or attributed to medication side effects.
the population is aging.
over the coming years , the incidence of age-related chronic diseases such as cancer is expected to continue to increase.
phytochemicals , which are non-nutritive chemicals found in plants and food , have emerged as modulators of key cellular signaling pathways exerting proven anticancer effects.
the challenge now is to develop personalized supplements comprised of specific phytochemicals for each clinical situation.
this will be possible once a better understanding is gained of the molecular basis explaining the impact of phytochemicals on human health.
also discussed are the limits of existing research strategies and the future directions of this field.
self-injurious behavior ( sib ) is a distressing type of problem behavior that may be exhibited in individuals with intellectual disabilities ( ids ) .
this article provides an overview of sib , its underlying causes and functions , as well as other key variables associated with its manifestation.
adults with ids are routinely living longer.
the article concludes with practice implications for social workers who may encounter older individuals with ids and sib.
the response of skeletal muscle to unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been studied widely , yet it is incompletely understood.
this review begins by addressing the question of whether eccentric actions result in physical damage to muscle fibers and / or connective tissue.
we then highlight factors that potentially modify the muscle damage response following eccentric exercise.
speech perception in background noise is a common challenge across individuals and health conditions ( e.g. , hearing impairment , aging , etc. ) .
both behavioral and physiological measures have been used to understand the important factors that contribute to perception-in-noise abilities.
three correlation / regression approaches were used to determine how well caeps predicted behavior.
main effects of snr were found for both electrophysiology and speech perception measures , while signal level effects were found generally only for speech testing.
these results demonstrate that when signals are presented in noise , sensitivity to snr cues obscures any encoding of signal level cues.
electrophysiology and behavioral measures were strongly correlated.
in addition , behavior was best predicted by the 70-db signal / 5-db snr caep condition.
physical activity is associated with cardiovascular risk reduction , but the effects of exercise on platelet activation remain controversial.
our findings may help explaining why a similar amount of exercise exerts significant benefits in preventing cardiovascular events.
ppis have been shown to decrease antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel ex vivo , raising concerns about the cardiovascular safety of this drug combination.
clinical trials investigating ppi-clopidogrel interactions have provided conflicting results and are all subject to methodological critiques.
the much desired and much needed prospective , double-bind , randomized , placebo-controlled trials with adequate follow-up and sample size have not yet been performed.
indeed , the clopidogrel and the optimization of gi events trial , which would have had such characteristics , was stopped prematurely.
as a consequence , the question of the ppi-clopidogrel interaction is still unresolved , and clinical consequences cannot be excluded.
background : studies of hypertension and cognition variously report adverse , null , and protective associations.
methods : the normative aging study is a prospective cohort study of men in the greater boston area.
participants completed study visits , including hypertension assessment , every 3-5 years starting in @number@
we estimated how becoming hypertensive and increasing age at onset and duration since hypertension initiation affect cognition.
we used inverse probability of censoring weights to reduce and quantify selection bias.
results : a history of hypertension diagnosis predicted lower cognition.
age at onset was not associated with cognition independent of duration.
analyses designed to quantify selection bias suggested upward bias.
conclusions : previous findings of null or protective associations between hypertension and cognition likely reflect the study of persons with short duration since hypertension initiation.
selection bias may also contribute to cross-study heterogeneity.
rationale : there is a substantial body of literature documenting the deleterious effects of both alcohol consumption and age on driving performance.
there is , however , limited work examining the interaction of age and acute alcohol consumption.
objectives : the current study was conducted to determine if moderate alcohol doses differentially affect the driving performance of older and younger adults.
measures of driving precision and average speed were recorded.
results : older adults performed more poorly on precision driving measures and drove more slowly than younger adults at baseline.
conclusions : these data provide evidence that older adults may be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol on certain measures of driving performance.
an investigation of mechanisms accounting for alcohol's effects on driving in older and younger adults is required.
further evaluation using more complex driving environments is needed to assess the real-world implication of this interaction.
introduction : bone is an architecturally adaptive tissue which responds to mechanical loading.
the functional muscle-bone unit was calculated as the ratio between the bone mass to muscle mass.
results : it showed that with aging , the muscle mass decreased with the bone mass losing.
however , more pronounced reduction was found in bone mass than in muscle mass in the subjects with lower bone mineral density.
conclusions : muscle-bone interaction was changed in elderly , especially in those with osteoporosis.
unit bone mass corresponded to a higher muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density than those normal subjects.
this may be contributory to the occurrence of nontraumatic vertebral fractures in elderly subjects with reduced bone mineral density.
adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells ( opcs ) are located adjacent to demyelinated lesion and contribute to myelin repair.
background : the mean heart rate ( mhr ) tends to decrease with age.
when adjusted for gender and diseases , the magnitude of this effect is unclear.
objectives : to analyze the mhr in a stratified sample of active and functionally independent individuals.
several models of anova , correlation and linear regression were employed.
a two-tailed p value < 0.05 was considered significant ( @percent@ ci ) .
women showed a correlation with higher mhr ( p < 0.001 ) .
in the anova and regression models , age and gender were predictors ( p < @number@ ) .
however , r² and eta² < @number@ as well as discrete standardized beta coefficients indicated reduced effect.
dyslipidemia , hypertension and dm did not influence the findings.
conclusion : the mhr decreased with age.
women had higher values of mhr , regardless of the age group.
correlations between mhr and age or gender , albeit significant , showed the effect magnitude had little statistical relevance.
the prevalence of sah , dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus did not influence the results.
objectives : age-related arterial stiffening and reduction of arterial elasticity are attenuated in individuals with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
viscosity is another mechanical characteristic of the arterial wall ; however , the effects of age and cardiorespiratory fitness have not been determined.
we examined the associations among age , cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid arterial wall viscosity.
cross-sectional studies have found that obesity is associated with low intellectual ability and neuroimaging abnormalities in adolescence and adulthood.
some have interpreted these associations to suggest that obesity causes intellectual decline in the first half of the life course.
we analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study to test whether becoming obese was associated with intellectual decline from childhood to midlife.
intelligence quotient ( iq ) was measured in childhood and adulthood.
anthropometric measurements were taken at birth and at @number@ subsequent in-person assessments.
as expected , cohort members who became obese had lower adulthood iq scores.
however , obese cohort members exhibited no excess decline in iq.
instead , these cohort members had lower iq scores since childhood.
lower iq scores among children who later developed obesity were present as early as @number@ years of age.
significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which exercise protects and restores the brain.
demographic , clinical and treatment characteristics from antiretroviral-naïve patients who first received combined antiretroviral therapy between jan / 1996 and dec / 2010 were collected.
incidence rate and confidence interval of each event were estimated using quasipoisson model.
to estimate hazard ratio ( hr ) of tox-mod during the first year of combined antiretroviral therapy cox's proportional hazards regression was applied.
this profile was maintained after adjusting the model for sex , combined antiretroviral therapy regimen and year of combined antiretroviral therapy initiation.
method : the participants were @number@ adults enrolled in the national study of cdsmp in 2010-2012 ( m age = 65.4 years ) .
six-month assessments were available for @number@ participants.
results : social / role activities limitations , depression , and communication with physicians improved significantly from baseline to 6-month follow-up.
study participants reported significant improvements in more physical activity and less emergency room ( er ) visits and hospitalization during that period.
discussion : nationally , cdsmp not only improves health outcomes and lifestyle behaviors but also decreases costly er visits and hospitalization.
geriatricians and other primary care providers should be encouraged to refer patients with chronic conditions to such self-management programs.
objectives : postoperative delirium is a common psychiatric disorder among patients who undergo cardiac surgery.
design : retrospective chart review.
setting : university hospital.
participants : a total of @number@ patients who underwent cardiac surgery.
measurements : variables recorded included patient demographics , comorbidities , mental health , laboratory data , surgical information , and cerebrovascular disease.
the presence of wmh was assessed using mr images.
two groups of patients were compared ( patients with and without delirium ) using both univariate and multiple logistic analyses.
results : delirium occurred in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) and patients with delirium were significantly older than patients who did not develop delirium.
the prevalence of severe wmh ( fazekas score = @number@ ) was significantly higher in patients with delirium.
these factors can be used for prediction and prevention of delirium following cardiac surgery.
there , an effect of prp ( c ) on tau expression could be observed under oxidative stress conditions but not during aging.
we identified tau and its phosphorylated forms as potential prp-interactors and report a novel protective function of prp ( c ) in ad-like tau pathology.
mechanical loading of muscle action is concentrated at muscle attachment sites ; thus there may be a potential for site-specific variation in cortical bone thickness.
the principal direction of loading at @percent@ humerus length was towards mediolateral plane , likely due to fixing the humerus close to the torso.
at @percent@ the main direction of loading was towards anteroposterior plane , reflecting elbow flexing forces.
these changes are likely due to overall shaft adaptation to forces acting at the humerus.
lastly , ca at @percent@ of humerus length and cortical thickness at non-attachment sites decreased with age.
these results underline the importance of muscle loading for bone mass preservation as well as indicate that a site-specific variation of bone mass is possible.
changes in subsistence strategy have caused some of the profoundest changes to the structure and health of humans.
this study aims to test whether these changes have reduced work-load as assessed by entheseal changes.
this paper uses a meta-analysis of comparable published data to plot trends in time by muscle , enthesis type and sex.
the results show that agriculturalists have the lowest scores for entheseal changes , with hunte-gatherers next highest and those working in industry the highest.
these findings are the same for males and females , for most muscles and muscle groups.
however , entheseal changes are highly correlated with increased age and the age distributions of the samples analysed could not be compared.
it is , therefore , possible that differences in age distribution of the samples are one of the reasons for this finding.
recommendations are provided to reduce this and other limitations for future meta-analyses.
in particular , the effects of thermal stress on this film were evaluated.
an ha film with an area of @number@ mm × @number@ mm was prepared and polished.
the ha particles in the deposited film were densely packed , and the surface of the ha film was unchanged after thermal cycling.
there were also no significant differences in the hardness and the bonding strength of the ha film before and after thermal cycling.
the ha film created in this study demonstrated excellent microstructural and mechanical properties , even after the application of thermal stress.
in an aging society , research involving neurodegenerative disorders is of paramount importance.
over the past few years , research on alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases has made tremendous progress.
experimental studies , however , rely mostly on transgenic animal models , preferentially using mice.
among the major advantages of using the fly is its small genome , which can also be modified very easily.
this has opened up an entirely new field of experimental research aiming to elucidate genetic interactions and screen for modifiers of disease processes in vivo.
here , we provide a brief overview of how flies can be used to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying human neurodegenerative diseases.
aim : to investigate processes at the end of life for patients who died in a subacute evaluation and management facility for older people.
results : despite diagnosis of comorbid medical conditions , most participants were admitted for improved functioning or assessment for alternative accommodation.
consistent with this focus , the key contact person was most often an allied health team member.
conclusion : factors likely to improve end-of-life care include advance care planning , earlier recognition of short prognosis and staff education.
results : there were @number@ @number@ responses to people aged @number@ years or older , constituting @percent@ of total emergency workload.
the median age of patients was @number@ ( interquartile range 76-87 ) and @percent@ were women.
the transport rate was @percent@.
luxury services ( e.g. heated swimming pools ) were indicated as least likely to encourage relocation.
negative perceptions most influential in discouraging relocation reflected a fear of losing independence and privacy.
conclusions : through identifying the expectations of prospective residents , retirement village providers may better tailor facilities to the needs of their target demographic.
methods : data were collected from qualitative interviews with older people , community leaders and professionals in christchurch and auckland.
data analysis was conducted using concept mapping techniques in the cross-cultural context where two languages were simultaneously used.
method : electronic databases and reference lists of included studies ( up to @date@ ) were systematically searched.
studies were eligible if they included data on non-transportation rates , information on outcomes or alternate care pathways for older people who have fallen.
results : twelve studies were included.
non-transportation rates following a fall ranged from @percent@ to @percent@.
up to @percent@ of non-transported people who have fallen had unplanned health-care contact within @number@ days of the initial incident.
conclusion : limited but promising evidence shows that appropriate interventions can improve health outcomes of non-transported older people who have fallen.
further studies are needed to explore alternate care pathways and promote more efficient use of health services.
the images were then analyzed with 3dste software.
compared with the young adult and middle-aged groups , elderly adults demonstrated lower gls , grs , gcs , and gat.
the ls , rs , cs , and at of the middle-aged group also decreased gradually.
the results of this study demonstrated that lv gls , grs , gcs , and gat decrease with age.
design : secondary analysis of the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) .
setting : eleven european countries.
participants : individuals aged @number@ to @number@ ( mean age @number@ ± @number@ @percent@ female , n = @number@ ) .
frailty prevalence estimates ranged from @percent@ ( share-frail ) to @percent@ ( share-groningen ) .
all scales categorized @percent@ of participants as frail.
conclusion : substantive differences exist between scales in their content validity , feasibility , and ability to predict all-cause mortality.
these frailty scales capture related but distinct groups.
weighting items in frailty scales can improve their predictive ability , but the trade-off between specificity , predictive power , and generalizability requires additional evaluation.
little is known about the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the immune system of older patients.
cxcr5 expression on t cells was increased in patients versus controls reflecting reduced endogenous il-2 signalling under immunosuppressive therapy.
in contrast , latent cmv infection triggered a shift from early to late differentiated cd4⁺ and cd8⁺ t cells in patients and controls.
this shift was most pronounced in elderly transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy.
in conclusion , our results demonstrate that immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation is effective in patients older than @number@ years.
latent cmv infection , however , accelerates age-related changes in the t cell repertoire in elderly people under immunosuppressive therapy.
these patients should therefore be monitored with special care.
in an aging society , the incidence of brain ischemia increases dramatically.
despite progress in pathophysiology mechanisms , the medical therapy for brain ischemia has not been satisfactory.
recanalization using tissue plasminogen activator only modestly improves patient outcome , and inhibiting excitotoxicity has shown no clinical benefit.
both do not provide an adequate time window for effective stroke therapy in clinical practice.
it is necessary to identify molecular mediators of ischemic neuroprotection suitable for translation to human clinical trials.
in this review , the mechanisms of cell death / survival signaling pathways after ischemia and the potential therapeutic targets will be discussed.
to achieve recommended protein intakes , the panel strongly urges consumption of high-quality protein-containing whole foods.
special operations are so designated for the specialized military missions they address.
as a result , special operations present some unique metabolic challenges.
in particular , soldiers often operate in a negative energy balance in stressful and demanding conditions with little opportunity for rest or recovery.
in this framework , findings inferred from the performance literature suggest that increased protein intake may be beneficial.
in particular , increased protein intake during negative caloric balance maintains lean body mass and blood glucose production.
consumption of protein before sleep confers the anabolic responses required for the maintenance of lean mass and muscle recovery.
a maximal response in muscle protein synthesis is achieved with the consumption of 20-25 g of protein alone.
however , higher protein intakes in the context of mixed-nutrient ingestion also confer anabolic benefits by reducing protein breakdown.
the provision of reasonable alternatives and / or certification of approved supplements by the u.s. department of defense would be prudent.
well-defined changes in body composition occur in aging animals and humans.
characteristic of this change is the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass , sarcopenia.
this review highlights selective aspects of protein supplementation in older adults.
understanding how the mammalian neocortex creates cognition largely depends on knowledge about large-scale cortical organization.
connectivity networks were derived from correlations of cortical thickness and cortical glucose consumption in resting state.
muscle weakness associated with aging implicates central neural degeneration.
we investigated whether weakness of biceps brachii in aging analogously relates to processes in m1.
we enrolled @number@ young ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) and @number@ old ( @number@ ± @number@ yr ) right-handed participants.
using transcranial magnetic stimulation , representation of biceps in m1 was identified.
overall , women were weaker ( p < @number@ ) .
processes of m1 related to strength or voluntary activation of biceps , but only in older adults.
objective : to evaluate the episodic migraine ( em ) -obesity association and the influence of age , race , and sex on this relationship.
em diagnostic criteria were based on the international classification of headache disorders.
adjusted odds ratios ( ors ) and @percent@ confidence intervals ( cis ) for em were estimated using logistic regression.
results : a total of @number@ participants fulfilled criteria for em.
many newly diagnosed prostate cancers present as low gleason score tumors that require no treatment intervention.
distinguishing the many indolent tumors from the minority of lethal ones remains a major clinical challenge.
using gene set enrichment analysis , we identified a 19-gene signature enriched in indolent prostate tumors.
furthermore , protein expression of this three-gene panel in biopsy samples distinguished gleason @number@ patients who failed surveillance over a 10-year period.
we propose that this signature may be incorporated into prognostic assays for monitoring patients on active surveillance to facilitate appropriate courses of treatment.
genetic studies have also pointed out the close relationships between ageing , inflammatory processes , lipodystrophy , and ir.
cigarette smoking causes various diseases , including lung cancer and cardiovascular disease , and reduces life span , though the mechanisms are not well understood.
we hypothesize that smoking may cause cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress , leading to aging acceleration.
methods : the study population , consisting of @number@ patients who underwent endosonographic evaluation for different indications , was divided into two groups.
group i consisted of @number@ patients , ≥ @number@ years old ; group ii consisted of @number@ controls , < 65 years old.
the demographic information with clinical parameters , procedure medication used and complications was noted.
female-to-male ratio was 82 / 83 in group i , while 32 / 25 in group ii.
conclusion : despite the well-known relative increased procedural risks , advanced age is not a contraindication for advanced endoscopic interventions.
eus can be regarded as a safe and effective procedure in ≥ @number@ years old population.
long-term treatment with bisphosphonates has been related to atypical femoral fractures.
we report the clinical case of a woman who suffered a proximal diaphyseal oblique fracture of the left femur after uninterrupted 13-year treatment with alendronate.
shortly after surgery , a painful lytic image in the external cortex of her right femur diaphysis was detected.
some papers have suggested surgical treatment to repair femur fractures after long-term treatment with bisphosphonates.
otherwise , two studies have shown healing acceleration of bone fractures with teriparatide.
a lytic lesion was treated with teriparatide obtaining progressive disappearance of symptoms as well as bone healing.
this outcome may suggest a way of prevention of complete fractures in symptomatic patients with long-term treatment with bisphosphonates.
background : heading impairs cognition in the short and medium-terms ; however , little is known about the long-term consequences.
this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that chronic low-level head trauma is associated with persistent cognitive decline.
participants were required to complete a self-assessed test of cognition , the test your memory questionnaire.
further information was collected from respondents in order to analyse the potential effect of a number of variables on cognition.
results : @number@ of @number@ respondents ( @percent@ ) screened positive for possible mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or dementia.
future longitudinal studies of large numbers of professional football players are needed to support the findings from this study.
drug addiction is often underestimated among the aged.
opiate drugs ( mostly pain killers ) are the most frequently implicated in drug addiction after benzodiazepines ( bzd ) in the aged.
the subjects aged of @number@ years or more are the most represented among the bzd users in france.
frequency of bzd use varies according to various studies from @number@ to @percent@ in this age group.
leading a lonely life is associated with the use of psychotropic drugs among retired people ( or = 1.7 ) .
drug addiction among elderly often reflects the drift of \ "lawful \ " doctor's instructions that leads to an increase in drugs use.
besides , the prescription of bzd increases after retirement and loneliness.
we first re-analyzed the blood concentration data for metoprolol in @number@ japanese patients using a nonlinear mixed effects model.
quantitative magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging allows visualization of age-related changes in the normal human brain from functional , biochemical , and morphologic perspectives.
a rapid growth change followed by a continuous slower change in quantitative mr parameters can be modeled with a logarithmic or exponential decay function.
studies in animal models have demonstrated beneficial effects on glucose metabolism , vascular function and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
we also searched the reference lists of identified articles for additional papers and sought expert opinion on relevant studies.
results : resveratrol treatment has shown beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in some , but not all studies.
study population , resveratrol source , and dose have varied widely , potentially explaining inconsistent findings.
improvements were noted in endothelial function , systolic blood pressure , and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in several studies.
conclusions : despite the strong preclinical evidence of positive cardiometabolic effects , studies to date have not confirmed resveratrol's benefit in humans.
study variability and methodological issues limit interpretation of available results.
additional research , focusing on subjects with defined metabolic defects and using a range of doses , is needed to advance the field.
the structure revealed a possible biologically important homo-dimeric interface similar to that formed by the hetero-dimeric complex , cad / icad.
comparison with other structural homologues revealed that the pb1 domain of bem1p , ubiquitin-like domain of bag6 and ubiquitin are structurally similar proteins.
our homo-dimeric structure of the cide-n domain of fsp27 will provide important information that will enable better understanding of the function of fsp27.
background : in @number@ dual-eligible nursing home residents were randomly assigned to a medicare part d prescription drug plan ( pdp ) .
subsequently , residents not enrolled in qualified plans at the start of the next year were rerandomized.
pdps vary in generosity through differences in medication coverage and utilization management.
therefore , residents ' assigned plans may be relatively more or less generous for their particular drugs.
the impact of generosity on residents ' medication use and health outcomes is unknown.
those subjected to prior authorization or step therapy were more likely to change in a subset of classes.
there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of hospitalization or death after correcting for multiple comparisons.
hydrogen peroxide was - and is still - considered toxic for a wide range of living organisms.
oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess of pro-oxidants over antioxidants and it has been implicated in several diseases.
catalase is involved in hydrogen peroxide catabolism and is important in defense against oxidative stress.
acatalasemia means the inherited near-total deficiency of catalase activity , usually in reference to red cell catalase.
acatalasemia was thought at first to be an asymptotic disorder.
in the absence of catalase , neither the japanese , or hungarian acatalasemics nor acatalasemic mice had significantly increased blood glutathione peroxidase activity.
in animal models , catalase deficient tissues show much slower rates of removal of extracellular hydrogen peroxide.
in catalase knock-out mice , a decreased hydrogen peroxide removing capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation were reported.
hydrogen peroxide may cause methemoglobinemia in patients with catalase deficiency.
during anesthesia for a japanese acatalasemic patient the disinfection with hydrogen peroxide solution caused severe methemoglobinemia.
ninety-seven of @number@ acatalasemics had diseases related to oxidative stress and aging.
in summary , inherited catalase deficiency is associated with clinical features , pathologic laboratory test results , age and oxidative stress related disorders.
rather than considering it a benign condition , it should be considered as a complicating condition for aging and oxidative stress.
the purpose of this article is to highlight how to interpret these deficits within the framework of neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve for this clinical population.
implications for nursing research and practice are posited.
this study investigated the molecular prevalence of trypanosoma lewisi and t. evansi in wild rodents from cambodia , lao pdr and thailand.
based on the size of the pcr products using tryp1 , @percent@ were positive for t. lewisi and 1·0% positive for trypanozoon.
results were confirmed by sequencing pcr products and by using more specific primers ( lew1 and tbr ) .
the specificity of tryp1 primers , however , failed as rodent dna was amplified in some instances , giving unexpected product sizes.
using lew1 primers , 13·3% of the samples were confirmed positive for t. lewisi , both by pcr and sequencing.
high-sensitivity assays based on specific biomarkers ( e.g. cardiac troponins ) enabling earlier ami diagnosis have recently become available in clinical practice.
we review the recent literature on conventional and novel ami biomarkers , with special emphasis on circulating micrornas.
the present study aimed to examine longevity in relation to smoking , overweight and physical fitness.
of these , @number@ were smokers , @number@ were overweight , and @number@ were obese.
the associations were adjusted for age , systolic blood pressure and cholesterol level , using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
deaths were registered until the 31st of @date@ .
physical fitness was measured as the total work performed in a maximal exercise tolerance bicycle test.
results : @number@ men survived to the age of @number@ years ( @percent@ ) .
smoking status was significantly and independently related to longevity ; @percent@ of the non-smokers survived to the age of @number@ and @percent@ of the smokers.
among non-smokers with high physical fitness , @percent@ reached the age of @number@ years , compared to @percent@ among non-smokers with low physical fitness.
conclusion : lifestyle variables appear to be strong and independent predictors of longevity in initially healthy middle-aged men.
the probability of longevity may be a useful concept when informing the general public about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.
the mtor pathway is dysregulated in a number of human pathologies including cancer , diabetes , obesity , autoimmune disorders , neurological disease and aging.
ongoing clinical trials testing mtor-targeted treatments number in the hundreds and underscore its therapeutic potential.
to date mtor inhibitors are clinically approved to prevent organ rejection , to inhibit restenosis after angioplasty , and to treat several advanced cancers.
the risk of fragility fractures exponentially increases with aging.
reduced mass and strength of both bone in osteoporosis and skeletal muscle in sarcopenia play a key role in the age-related incidence of fragility fractures.
undernutrition is often observed in the elderly , particularly in those subjects experiencing osteoporotic fractures , more likely as a cause than a consequence.
calcium ( ca ) , inorganic phosphate ( pi ) , vitamin d , and protein are nutrients that impact bone and skeletal muscle integrity.
deficiency in the supply of these nutrients increases with aging.
this study examines the knowledge of nursing home staff about the types and treatment of urinary incontinence as well as attitudes toward urinary incontinence.
methods : a quasi-experimental , within-subject , longitudinal pretest / posttest design was used.
nursing home staff members received a 6-week educational intervention on the types and treatment of urinary incontinence and attitudes toward urinary incontinence.
changes in attitudes toward urinary incontinence showed statistical significance ( p < @number@ ) .
changes in staff knowledge of the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence did not reach statistical significance.
conclusion : this study showed that creative , evidence-based educational programming can improve staff knowledge about urinary incontinence and change staff attitudes toward urinary incontinence.
further research is needed on staff knowledge about the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence.
these results show that common marmosets provide a useful model for thiol redox biology of aging.
the elimination of oxidatively modified proteins is a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis , especially during stress.
the level of oxidative stress to mitochondrial proteins is not constant , but instead varies greatly with numerous metabolic and environmental factors.
oxidized mitochondrial proteins must be removed rapidly ( by proteolytic degradation ) or they will aggregate , cross-link , and cause toxicity.
the lon protease is a key enzyme in the degradation of oxidized proteins within the mitochondrial matrix.
under conditions of acute stress lon is highly inducible , possibly with the oxidant acting as the signal inducer , thereby providing increased protection.
it seems that under chronic stress conditions , however , lon levels actually decline.
lon levels also decline with age and with senescence , and senescent cells even lose the ability to induce lon during acute stress.
nrf1 knockout resulted in the increased expression of gclc and gclm in human bronchial epithelial ( hbe1 ) cells.
overexpression nrf2 in combination with either p120 or p65 diminished or failed to further increase the gclc- and glcm-epre luciferase activity.
all known forms of nrf1 protein , remained unchanged in the lungs of mice with age or in response to npm.
our study shows that nrf1 could inhibit epre activity in vitro , whereas the precise role of nrf1 in vivo requires further investigations.
we conclude that nrf1 may not be directly responsible for the loss of nrf2-dependent inducibility of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes observed in aged animals.
oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of the aging process and age dependent diseases.
both are closely connected to disturbances of proteostasis by protein oxidation and an impairment of the proteasomal system.
the final consequence is the accumulation of highly cross-linked undegradable aggregates such as lipofuscin.
these aggregates of damaged proteins are detrimental to normal cell functions.
here we provide an overview about effect of these aggregates on the proteasomal system , followed by transcription factor activation and loss of cell viability.
furthermore , findings on the mechanism of radical genesis , proteasomal inhibition and the required components of lipofuscin formation were resumed.
the major component of sp is amyloid β-peptide ( aβ ) , which has been shown to induce oxidative stress.
the ad brain shows increased levels of lipid peroxidation products , including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal ( hne ) .
hne can react covalently with cys , his , or lys residues on proteins , altering structure and function of the latter.
in the present study we measured the levels of the hne-modified lipoic acid in brain of subjects with ad and age-matched controls.
lipoic acid is a key co-factor for a number of proteins including pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , key complexes for cellular energetics.
we observed a significant decrease in the levels of hne-lipoic acid in the ad brain compared to that of age-matched controls.
to investigate this phenomenon further , the levels and activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase ( ladh ) were measured in ad and control brains.
additionally , ladh activities were measured after in-vitro hne-treatment to mice brains.
both ladh levels and activities were found to be significantly reduced in ad brain compared to age-matched control.
hne-treatment also reduced the ladh activity in mice brain.
aging and age-related diseases are associated with cellular senescence that results in variable apoptosis susceptibility to oxidative stress.
although fibroblast senescence has been associated with apoptosis resistance , mechanisms for this have not been well defined.
in this report , we studied epigenetic mechanisms involving histone modifications that confer apoptosis resistance to senescent human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) .
it has been shown that healthy aging affects the ability to focus attention on a given task and to ignore distractors.
the frequency deviations impaired performance more in physically inactive than active seniors.
objective : to investigate the temporal ordering of cognitive and functional declines separately in older adults with or without alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
participants : @number@ initially non-demented older adults ( @number@ with eventual incident dementia ) and @number@ patients with ad.
main outcome measures : cognitive measures included the modified mini-mental state exam and composite scores of memory and language derived from a standardized neuropsychological battery.
data were analyzed with autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis.
conclusions : cognitive declines appear to precede and cause functional declines prior to and following dementia diagnosis.
standardized neuropsychological tests are valid predictors of later functional changes in both non-demented and demented older adults.
methods : fifteen snps were genotyped in the masp1 gene in @number@ blood donors.
corresponding plasma concentrations of masp-1 , masp-3 , and map44 were measured.
snps located in the mutually exclusive splice region had opposite effects on the protein concentrations.
heterozygosis of rs113938200 ( p.asn368asp in map44 ) was associated with a reduced map44 concentration of @percent@ ( p = 0.005 ) .
rs190590338 located in the promoter region was associated in the heterozygote form with an increased masp-1 concentration of @percent@ ( p = @number@ ) .
this study longitudinally investigated bilingual advantages on episodic memory recall , verbal letter and categorical fluency during the trajectory of life.
results showed that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals at the first testing session and across time both in episodic memory recall and in letter fluency.
no interaction with age was found indicating that the rate of change across ages was similar for bilinguals and monolinguals.
as predicted and in line with studies applying cross-sectional designs , no advantages associated with bilingualism were found in the categorical fluency task.
the results are discussed in the light of successful aging.
the formation of ages results in the generation of free radicals which play an important role in the pathophysiology of aging and diabetic complications.
methodology / principal findings : in this study we report glycation of human serum albumin ( hsa ) & its characterization by various spectroscopic techniques.
furthermore , inhibition of glycation products at all the stages of glycation was also studied.
mutations in superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) are associated with familial als and lead to sod1 protein misfolding and aggregation.
overexpression of human hsj1a ( hhsj1a ) in vivo in motor neurons of sod1 ( g93a ) transgenic mice ameliorated disease.
we also observed altered ubiquitin immunoreactivity in the double transgenic animals , suggesting that ubiquitin modification might be important for the observed improvements.
collectively , the data suggest that hsj1a acts on mutant sod1 through a combination of chaperone , co-chaperone and pro-ubiquitylation activity.
language-and culture-specific norms are needed for research on emotion-laden stimuli.
we present valence and arousal ratings for @number@ finnish nouns for a sample of @number@ finnish speakers.
moreover , corpus-based frequency values and word length are provided as objective psycholinguistic measures of the nouns.
the relationship between valence and arousal mainly showed the curvilinear relationship reported in previous studies.
age and gender effects on valence and arousal ratings were statistically significant but weak.
the inherent affective properties of the words in terms of mean valence and arousal ratings explained more of the variance in the ratings.
this database will provide researchers with normative data for finnish emotion-laden and emotionally neutral words.
the normative database is available in database s1.
objective : there are numerous reports about the leptin concentration ( lc ) in postmenopausal women ( pw ) .
changes in lc can elicit different clinical outcomes.
we systematically analyzed the lc in pw.
pre-analytical and analytical variations were examined.
pre-analytical variables included fasting status ( fs ) and sampling timing.
results : twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria.
eighteen studies detected lc in the morning in a fs , @number@ studies denoted the r between leptin and the bmi.
lc did not change between hrt users and non-users in @number@ studies.
five studies analyzed changes in lc according to age.
conclusion : based on all studies that investigated both lc and bmi , lc was positively correlated with the bmi.
these differences suggest that caution should be used in the interpretation and comparison between studies.
exposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) activity , which degrades type i collagen fibrils.
type i collagen is the most abundant protein in skin and constitutes the majority of skin connective tissue ( dermis ) .
degradation of collagen fibrils impairs the structure and function of skin that characterize skin aging.
decorin is the predominant proteoglycan in human dermis.
in model systems , decorin binds to and protects type i collagen fibrils from proteolytic degradation by enzymes such as mmp-1.
little is known regarding alterations of decorin in response to uv irradiation.
proteases that were released from isolated pmn cells degraded decorin in vitro.
a highly selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase blocked decorin breakdown by proteases released from pmn cells.
cleavage of decorin by neutrophil elastase significantly augmented fragmentation of type i collagen fibrils by mmp-1.
these data identify decorin degradation and neutrophil elastase as potential therapeutic targets for mitigating sun exposure-induced collagen fibril degradation in human skin.
method : an initial systematic database search identified @number@ potential studies.
after screening and de-duplication , @number@ studies that used srt with the population of interest remained.
the authors used an appraisal point system to evaluate the quality of the studies.
twelve of the @number@ studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and passed the appraisal point system cutoff.
the @number@ studies were classified as level i and ii evidence.
monaural , 2-channel amlrs were acquired from fz and cz electrodes with @number@ stimuli ( clicks , @number@ hz , and @number@ hz ) .
results : group differences included significantly higher v-na amplitude in young adults and shorter pb latency in older nonsmokers.
young smokers had a significantly higher nb-pb amplitude and shorter nb latency than other groups.
toneburst stimuli yielded significantly longer v , na , and pa latencies compared to clicks.
pb latency was shorter at fz than at cz.
amlr differences in older adults may be due to age-related neurochemical changes in the central nervous system.
stimulus and electrode differences plus smoking and aging effects can guide neurodiagnostic amlr protocols , especially in young adult smokers.
results : the effect of age on the ability to accurately and rapidly repeat long , complex nonwords was significant.
however , the authors found no differences between the speech motor coordinative patterns of young and elderly adults.
further , the authors demonstrated age- and nonword-specific within- and between-session gains in speech motor performance.
other tympanometric measures also were taken and analyzed.
among women , older baseline age was associated with greater decline in peak y ( tm ) .
among men , baseline age was associated with change in peak y ( tm ) , but in a nonlinear pattern.
other tympanometric measures demonstrated little change after @number@ years.
background : facial aging is a dynamic process with impact on both the soft tissues and the bones.
despite a growing body of evidence , controversy still exists regarding absolute characteristics of the aging facial skeleton.
the measurements were compared according to age , sex , and dentition.
there were no other statistically significant differences between age groups for the rest of the parameters.
other parameters did not show a significant relation to dentition.
all parameters were significantly larger in the male subgroups with the exception of gnathion-gonion distance and gonial angle.
conclusions : our findings support previous evidence that dentition is the main determinant of the morphology of the mandible.
the skeletal characteristics are variable among individuals , and a longitudinal study is required to better understand age-related changes of the mandible.
driving cessation in later life is associated with numerous poor health outcomes including limitations in social and physical functioning and increased risk of mortality.
however , little is known about the relationship between driving cessation and change in cognitive functioning in late life.
this study examined the association between driving mobility and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults.
cognitive function was assessed with a modified version of the telephone interview for cognitive status.
driving status and health characteristics were assessed by self-report.
results : older adults who did not drive ( former and never drivers ) at baseline had lower average cognitive scores compared with active drivers.
conclusions : older adults without driving mobility had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced accelerated cognitive decline relative to active drivers over follow-up.
alternatively , high activity levels and morbidity might counterbalance such that tsimane fitness levels and decline are similar to those in industrialized populations.
methods : maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2 max ) was estimated using a step test heart rate method for @number@ participants.
we compared these estimates to the canadian health measures survey and previous studies in industrialized and subsistence populations.
we evaluated whether health indicators and proxies for market integration were associated with vo2 max levels and rate of decline for the tsimane.
no variables tested interact with age to moderate decline.
conclusions : the tsimane demonstrate higher levels of cardiovascular fitness than industrialized populations , but levels similar to other subsistence populations.
the high vo2 max of tsimane is consistent with their high physical activity and few indicators of cardiovascular disease , measured in previous studies.
how faces change across lengthy time periods and whether the changing appearance of a face functions as an identity category was investigated in two experiments.
transformational paths were found that emerged and terminated at haphazard points in the space.
the historical underpinnings in the field of gerontology rest on the contributions of scholars across a myriad of racial and ethnic backgrounds.
furthermore , it is important to document the participation of black older adults in our earliest and continuing research efforts.
understanding the historical context and the foundational influence of black scholars in this field is critical.
to realize its humble beginnings , one must become aware of the contributions by black scholars who have a vested interest in the aging process.
in addition , exploration of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks used to establish national and organizational initiatives is reviewed.
the impetus in initiating and continuing this work requires a \ "knowledge of our roots \ " while moving into the future.
method : semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of @number@ anti-aging practitioners drawn from the directory of the american academy for anti-aging medicine.
these include lowered risk of disease and disability , maintenance of high levels of mental and physical function , and continuing social engagement.
predicting recovery following muscle injury can be difficult because it involves consideration of multiple factors.
individuals experiencing pain at @number@ h were more likely not to be recovered ( o.r. = 1.62 , p < 0.001 ) .
background and objective : renal disease is a common complication in hiv-infected patients.
the causes and spectrum of kidney disease among these patients is extensive , including hiv-related and hiv unrelated causes.
our objective was to assess the changes in distribution of renal disease under antiretroviral therapy ( art ) .
two time periods were defined : 1989-2001 ( early period ) and 2000-2012 ( late period ) .
other types of renal disease frequently encountered during the late period include renal aa-amyloidosis and tenofovir-related kidney disease.
conclusion : the underlying pathology of renal disease in hiv-infected patients is highly variable and evolving.
proximal humerus fractures are among the most common fractures associated with osteoporosis.
with an aging population , incidence of these fractures will only increase.
the proximal humerus not only forms the lateral portion of the shoulder articulation but also has significant associations with musculoskeletal and neurovascular structures.
understanding of these fractures , the management options , and associated nursing care , can help reduce morbidity rate and improve functional outcomes.
introduction : it is well known that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) increases with age.
patients were analyzed depending on af in the resting electrocardiogram at hospital entry.
results : af was recorded in @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) .
annual mortality was @number@ % and was higher if af occurred ( @number@ % ) .
however , there was no association between deaths and af ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in the oldest patients aged @number@ ? who suffered from chf , the incidence of atrial fibrillation and annual mortality was high.
background : the aging process is accompanied by physiological changes including reduced glomerular filtration and hepatic function , as well as changes in gastric secretions.
these results suggest that metabolic enzymes involved in converting capecitabine metabolites are not altered by age.
an elevation in capecitabine cmax and reduction in clearance was seen in females , where capecitabine auc was @percent@ higher in women.
conclusion : increases in capecitabine cmax and auc was observed in patients ≥70 years when compared with younger patients who were > 60 years.
background & aims : screening the population for colorectal cancer ( crc ) by colonoscopy could reduce the disease burden.
however , targeted screening of individuals at high risk could increase its cost effectiveness.
the system was validated in an independent sample of @number@ participants.
multiple logistic regression was used to develop the algorithm , and the regression coefficient-based scores were used to determine individual risks.
relative risk and numbers of colonoscopies needed for detecting one or more advanced neoplasm ( s ) were calculated for quintiles of the risk score.
the predictive ability of the scoring system was quantified by the area under the curve.
the developed score was associated strongly with the presence of advanced neoplasms.
conclusions : we developed a scoring system , based on easy-to-collect risk factors , to identify individuals most likely to have advanced neoplasms.
this system might be used to stratify individuals for crc screening.
apathy is associated with impaired neuropsychological functioning in individuals with hiv.
while cognitive reserve ( cr ) delays neurocognitive decline , cr's relationship with apathy has never been studied.
participants completed the wechsler test of adult reading and apathy evaluation scale.
a cr-composite , combining years of education and word-reading ability , significantly predicted apathy ( t = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
human ventral temporal cortex ( vtc ) plays a pivotal role in high-level vision.
third , the mfs predicts a lateral-medial functional transition in eccentricity bias representations in children , adolescents , and adults.
fourth , the anterior tip of the mfs predicts the location of a face-selective region , mfus-faces / ffa-2.
the mechanisms underlying aggregate formation in age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain not well understood.
these results suggest that the phosphorylation of rcan1 by dyrk1a stimulates the formation of insoluble aggregates upon aging.
background : there has been considerable interest in whether old age is associated with iga nephropathy ( igan ) progression , which is still controversial.
methods : we searched multiple databases for studies published from @number@ to @number@
the inclusion criteria were case-control , cohort studies published in any language.
the included studies needed to have an older group.
igan was proven by biopsy.
results : we included @number@ studies with a total of @number@ patients.
in the subgroup analyses , we found the age limit and traditional risk factors of igan may be the sources of heterogeneity between studies.
moreover , the rr ( @number@ ) of the asian countries was much higher than the rr ( @number@ ) of the european countries.
conclusions : this comprehensive review revealed that old age is a real risk factor for igan progression to esrd.
the incidence of esrd in the older igan patients was @number@ times higher than that in the non-older igan patients.
moreover , the risk of igan progression to esrd of the older patients in asia was higher than that of the older patients in europe.
background context : previous studies reported that the erector spinae muscle is more resistant to fatigue in healthy adult women than in men.
however , no study has reported changes in back muscle fatigue with aging in healthy men and women.
purpose : the aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in muscle fatigue of erector spinae muscle in men and women.
study design / setting : this cross-sectional study was conducted in a laboratory.
the rates of changes in mf and mpf were calculated.
methods : subjects performed the unsupported trunk holding test until exhaustion.
the results of power spectral analysis of the emg activity of the left erector spinae muscle were compared in both age groups and sexes.
results : the endurance time in young men was significantly shorter than in young women.
the slopes of mf and mpf in young men were significantly higher than in young women.
there were no significant differences in mf and mpf slopes of elderly men and elderly women.
furthermore , the mf and mpf slopes were significantly lower in elderly men than young men but similar in the two women groups.
conclusions : age-related changes in the slopes of mf and mpf of erector spinae muscle occur in healthy men but not in healthy women.
allium cepa linn is commonly used as supplementary folk remedy for cancer therapy.
evidence suggests that allium extracts have anti-cancer properties.
however , the mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of a. cepa linn are not fully elucidated in human cancer cells.
peal inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis.
the apoptosis was suppressed by caspase @number@ and @number@ inhibitors.
peal also up-regulated tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( trail ) receptor dr5 and down-regulated survivin and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis @number@ ( ciap-1 ) .
we confirmed these findings in other leukemic cells ( thp-1 , k562 cells ) .
in addition , peal suppressed akt activity and the peal-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated in akt-overexpressing u937 cells.
in conclusion , our data suggested that peal induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in several human leukemic cells including u937 cells.
the apoptosis was triggered through extrinsic pathway by up-regulating dr5 modulating as well as through intrinsic pathway by modulating iap family members.
in addition , peal induces caspase-dependent apoptosis at least in part through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( pi3k ) / akt signaling pathway.
this study provides evidence that peal might be useful for the treatment of leukemia.
background : alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized pathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
we then used neuropathological and clinical outcomes to determine whether there were any correlations.
results : we found that the ad brain is capable of generating all macrophage-like responses.
in addition , we found that early ad is distinct from late ad with respect to the inflammatory profiles expressed in the brain.
most interestingly , however , we found that the early ad samples were biased to one of two phenotypes , m1 or m2a.
conclusion : heterogeneity in the neuroinflammatory state of the early ad brain.
critics argue that early paleoindian hunters had to be extremely selective to have produced the highly size-biased extinction pattern characteristic of this event.
here , we derive a probabilistic extinction model that predicts the extinction risk of mammals at any body mass without invoking selective human harvest.
it captures the body size-biased extinction pattern in the late pleistocene and precisely predicts the percentage of unexpectedly persisting large mammals and extinct small ones.
a test with a global late quaternary mammal database well supports the model.
the model also emphasizes that quantitatively analyzing patterns of variability in ecological factors can shed light on diverse behaviors and patterns in nature.
a secondary aim was to examine the clinical and demographic predictors of depressive symptoms across these groups.
methods : the study was conducted at an academic neurology subspecialty clinic.
this was a case-control study with @number@ chinese-american subjects and @number@ demographically and cognitively matched white subjects.
education level may contribute to this risk or it may be a surrogate marker for other factors contributing to depressive symptoms in this group.
objective : to examine the characteristics of auditory verbal hallucinations and associated factors in older adults with schizophrenia.
george's social antecedent model of psychopathology was used to examine @number@ predictor variables of auditory hallucinations.
results : thirty-two percent experienced auditory verbal hallucinations.
there were no significant differences in depression and social functioning between persons judging their voices to be good versus bad.
conclusion : older adults with schizophrenia had a lower rate of auditory verbal hallucinations than had been reported previously for younger persons with schizophrenia.
for most features of auditory verbal hallucinations , older adults had similar rates to younger persons.
from a clinical standpoint , this may be construed as a potentially useful coping strategy.
objective : older adults are increasingly involved in the criminal justice system , yet there is limited research regarding their needs and experiences.
this study examined differences in psychosocial experiences and reincarceration between older and younger adults with psychiatric disorders involved in the criminal justice system.
methods : participants ( n = @number@ ) were recruited from two mental health courts in the midwestern united states.
bivariate analyses examined age-related differences in psychosocial experiences and reincarceration between younger and older participants.
older adults ' substance use , service use , housing instability , and program retention were similar to their younger counterparts.
design : cross-sectional observational study.
setting and participants : a total of @number@ subjects with a mean ± standard deviation age of @number@ ± @number@ years were included.
measurements : cognitive functioning across six subdomains was assessed using the cognitive telephone screening instrument.
data on prevalent diabetes at baseline were obtained from the study participants and their general practitioners.
baseline fasting glucose was assessed as part of the screening exam , and baseline hba1c was determined centrally by standardized methods.
hba1c showed a nonlinear association with cognitive functioning , with a peak of cognitive performance in the central quintile of hba1c.
in the case of fasting glucose , lower cognitive functioning was only observed in the highest quintile.
the estimates were robust in confounder-adjusted models , but attentuated when excluding subjects with baseline prevalent or follow-up incident diabetes.
methods : in a cross-sectional analysis , @number@ outpatients with ad ( mean mini-mental state exam score : @number@ ) were studied.
( @number@ ) f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cortical metabolism.
relationships between clinical ratings and regional cortical metabolic activity ( voxel-based ) were assessed using spm2.
results : patients with delusions had lower dementia rating scale memory subscale scores.
neurobehavioral rating scale inaccurate insight scores were no different in those with and without delusions.
cortical metabolic activity was lower in the right lateral frontal cortex , orbitofrontal cortex , and bilateral temporal cortex in patients with delusions.
low cortical metabolic activity in the right lateral , inferior , and medial temporal cortex was associated with poorer memory.
this region partially overlapped the region of hypometabolism associated with delusions.
in contrast , low cortical metabolic activity in bilateral medial frontal cortex was associated with poor insight.
conclusion : delusions in ad are associated with dysfunction in specific frontal and temporal cortical regions.
delusions are partially clinically and neurobiologically linked to memory deficits but not to poor insight.
objectives : conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between white matter lesions ( wml ) and cognitive impairment.
methods : we followed @number@ healthy subjects from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged @number@ years and over ( esprit project ) .
at baseline , wml volume was measured using a semi-automatic method on t2-weighted mri.
standardized cognitive and neurological evaluations were repeated after @number@ @number@ and @number@ years.
the sample was dichotomized according to education level into low ( ≤8 years ) and high ( > 8 years ) education groups.
cox proportional hazard models were constructed to study the association between wml and risk of mci / dementia.
results : the interaction between education level and wml volume reached significance ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : severe wml significantly increases the risk of developing mci / dementia over a 7-year period in low educated participants.
subjects with higher education levels were seen to be more likely to be resilient to the deleterious effects of severe wml.
the cr hypothesis suggests several avenues for dementia prevention.
objective : to investigate the durability of self-etch adhesives bonded to dentin in vitro.
methods : forty-two extracted human molars were selected and occlusal dentin surfaces were exposed.
the teeth were randomly distributed into three groups based on adhesives applied.
bonding strength ( mtbs ) and nano-leakage were evaluated immediately after cutting or after @number@ months in water.
the mtbs was analyzed using one-way anova ( spss @number@ ) .
the nanoleakage was observed by sem with a backscattered electron detector.
results : both adhesives and water storage time affected the mtbs.
b and c showed lower mtbs than a after aging ( p < @number@ ) .
the trend of the coincident cataract and glaucoma is likely to increase worldwide and it is a common finding in the aging population.
the management of combined presence of cataract and glaucoma is a common clinical challenge.
due to the development of new microscopy and cataract phacoemulsification techniques , we have more choices of surgical method.
and the best surgical strategy will depend on the clinicians ' surgical techniques and patients ' characteristics.
the human cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) has increasingly been implicated in accelerated immunosenescence in aging studies.
methods : twenty-two euthymic female patients with bd type i and @number@ age-matched healthy controls were selected for the study.
a sample of blood was collected and mononuclear cells and dna were isolated and tl measured.
cmv immunoglobulin m ( igm ) and igg titers were measured using chemiluminescent assays.
lymphocyte subsets [ t , natural killer ( nk ) and nkt ] were phenotyped by flow cytometry.
results : individuals with bd had shorter tls but higher cmv igg levels than controls ( both p < @number@ ) .
cmv igg level was inversely correlated with tl.
of the subjects showed igm reactivity for cmv , excluding acute viral infection.
cmv igg level was associated with expansion of senescent cd8 + cd28- t cells and nk cells , which are involved in viral control.
purpose : to describe a new method of measuring early phase tear clearance by anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as-oct ) .
the differences were significant for both the tmh ( p = @number@ ) and the tma ( p = @number@ ) .
age is one of the key risk factors of several human neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer΄s disease and parkinson΄s disease.
during aging the immune system of the brain undergoes multiple structural and functional changes.
the major immune cells of the brain - microglia and astrocytes - significantly change their morphology and functional state during aging.
this state of altered brain immunity may lead to the increased brain vulnerability to viral infections , primoinfection as well as reactivation.
valvular heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and with an aging population , its prevalence is increasing.
in principle , the activity of any pathological process can be studied , as long as an appropriate radiotracer can be developed.
furthermore , we will discuss the potential impact of novel tracers that are currently under development or testing in preclinical models.
it is hoped that such advanced imaging might improve the diagnosis , treatment and outlook for patients with valvular heart disease.
the aim of this review is to summarise the evidence linking vitamin d to bone health outcomes in older adults.
a plethora of scientific evidence globally suggests that large proportions of people have vitamin d deficiency and are not meeting recommended intakes.
older adults are at particular risk of the consequences of vitamin d deficiency owing to a combination of physiological and behavioural factors.
there seems to be inconsistent evidence for a protective role of vitamin d supplementation alone on bone mass.
evidence for a benefit of vitamin d supplementation alone on reducing fracture risk is varied.
in conclusion , it is generally accepted that vitamin d in combination with ca reduces the risk of non-vertebral fractures particularly those in institutional care.
the lack of data on vitamin d and bone health outcomes in certain population groups such as diverse racial groups warrants attention.
the neo-five factor inventory and the depressive experiences questionnaire were administered.
the subfactors neediness and connectedness were differently related to personality traits.
these findings are relevant to the research relating personality and anaclitic / introjective depressive experiences in late adulthood.
we used qualitative methods to collect data from @number@ older women living in bibirchar union , sherpur district , bangladesh.
participants reported that they utilized both emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies , and that many of these were faith-based.
aim : aging changes sleep patterns in most elderly people.
frailty shares a number of characteristics with sleep disorders and leads to similar results.
however , their relationship in residents of long-stay institutions remains unclear.
thus , the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep and frailty syndrome in residents of long-stay institutions.
methods : this was a cross-sectional study of @number@ institutionalized elderly in the city of joão pessoa , brazil.
the pittsburg sleep quality index , actimetry and specific tests for frailty phenotype variables were used.
pearson's χ ( @number@ ) -test , one-way anova and multiple linear regression were applied in statistical analysis.
frail elderly exhibited poor sleep quality , when compared with non-frail individuals ( p = @number@ ) .
no differences were found between rest-activity pattern and frailty phenotype.
conclusion : sleep alterations , including poor sleep quality and prolonged latency , were related to frailty in institutionalized elderly.
there remains a lack of information regarding the effectiveness of exercise training on individuals with ds post-stroke.
this case report describes the effects of a comprehensive exercise program on an individual with ds who had sustained a stroke.
conclusion : improved cardiorespiratory fitness , strength , balance and mobility provide preliminary evidence of the trainability of individuals with both ds and stroke.
future studies are warranted to investigate the role of exercise in risk factor reduction for primary and secondary prevention of stroke in people with ds.
more intensive fitness programs may be particularly important for people with both ds and stroke.
participation in a comprehensive exercise program can be safe and effective in regaining pre-stroke levels of cardiorespiratory fitness , functional mobility and goal attainment.
results suggest that a more intensive physical therapy regimen may be recommendable during out-patient rehabilitation for individuals with ds post-stroke.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is characterized by intraneuronal β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau , leading to neuronal cell death and progressive memory losses.
both wild-type and app / ps1 mice , a transgenic ad mouse model , received control ain-93g diet or ain-93g supplemented with resveratrol.
dietary resveratrol treatment did not decrease plaque burden in app / ps1 mice.
however , resveratrol-fed mice demonstrated increases in gsk3-β phosphorylation , a @number@.8-fold increase in protein levels of transthyretin , and a @number@.2-fold increase in drebrin.
this study broadens our understanding of specific mechanisms and targets whereby resveratrol provides neuroprotection.
adequate nutrition is critical to child development and institutions such as day-care centers could potentially complement children's diets to achieve optimal daily intakes.
the present comparison should be considered in the domain of a case-study format.
the diets of @number@ 3-6 y old children attending low-income day-care centers serving either @number@ or a single meal were examined.
the home-diet was assessed by means of @number@ non-consecutive 24-hr recalls.
estimated energy and nutrient intakes at the centers and at home were assessed and related to recommended nutrient intakes ( rni ) .
nutrient densities , critical densities and main sources of nutrients were computed.
furthermore , between @percent@ and @percent@ of daily nutrients were provided at home.
deformation , flattening and sparseness of the intestinal villi were identified.
atrophic phenomena in the organ mucous membrane were accompanied by the destruction of the cells of surface epithelium , crypts and glands.
methodology / principal findings : sixteen young adults completed the prospective and retrospective metamemory questionnaire , providing individual subjective judgments of everyday memory function.
participants also performed offline cognitive tasks evaluating executive functions , working memory , and attention.
based on results from the questionnaire , the group was split into low and high memory self-efficacy believers.
by contrast , more activity was found in dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus for the high-memory believers.
in addition , the low-memory believers performed more poorly at feature binding and ( at trend ) manipulating visuospatial information in working memory.
conclusion / significance : overall , these findings indicate that memory self-efficacy beliefs modulate brain activity during intentional encoding.
low memory self-efficacy believers activated more brain areas involved in visuospatial operations such as the hippocampus.
possibly , this increase reflects attempts to compensate for poor performance of certain neurocognitive processes , such as feature binding.
by contrast , high-memory believers seemed to rely more on executive-like processes involved in cognitive control.
to date there is no normative model of ovarian volume throughout life.
this model shows that @percent@ of the variation in ovarian volume is due to age alone.
our model allows us to generate normal values and ranges for ovarian volume throughout life.
insomnia , in particular , may occur in 60%-80% of depressed patients.
depressive symptoms are important risk factors for insomnia , and depression is considered an important comorbid condition in patients with chronic insomnia of any etiology.
in addition , some drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression may worsen insomnia and impair full recovery from the illness.
finally , we present a case report of a 65-year-old caucasian woman suffering from insomnia associated with depression who was successfully treated with sleep deprivation.
newly arising spontaneous genetic alterations in commonly used strains may also lead to new and valuable mouse models of disease.
this report evaluates gross and histological lesions in relatively new , classic , and rarely explored mouse inbred strains.
both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were examined.
the prevalence of liver neoplasms was significantly higher in the cba / w strain ( p < @number@ ) .
mammary gland neoplasms arose at a greater frequency in c3h / w mice ( p < @number@ ) .
the occurrence of uterine neoplasms was higher in dba / w and 129s1 / svw mice.
the occurrence of nonneoplastic lesions in the kidneys of bn / aw mice was increased ( p < @number@ ) .
the investigations included socio-demographic data , health status , lifestyle and anthropometric measurements.
conclusions : risky lifestyles and a reluctance to abandon them are responsible for a shorter lifespan among men in poland.
reducing this difference between women and men is a real challenge for public health professionals and preventive medicine specialists.
setting : a cohort of community-recruited elderly individuals at the alzheimer disease center of the university of california , davis.
hippocampal volume was not significant as a predictor of decline but was significantly associated with fornix volume and diffusivity ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions and relevance : this could be among the first studies establishing fornix degeneration as a predictor of incipient cognitive decline among healthy elderly individuals.
predictive fornix volume reductions might be explained at least in part by clinically silent hippocampus degeneration.
however , there is a huge scarcity of behavioral neurologists in japan , and more of them are needed urgently.
treatment of wo is based on modifying drug schedule , meal timetable and / or increasing dopamine replacement therapy.
in both cases , transdermal rotigotine ( @number@ mg / day ) was added to the original dopaminergic therapy.
results : rotigotine proved beneficial on symptoms of anxiety in both patients , without worsening cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
during the 9-month follow-up period , there was a slight improvement of motor impairment , with no worsening of drug-related dyskinesia.
method : the authors used data from @number@ waves of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( 4-year follow-up , baseline ages 63-93 years ) .
sample sizes were @number@ ( self-report analyses ) and @number@ ( speech-in-noise test analyses ) .
hearing was measured by self-report and by a speech-in-noise test.
age , gender , hearing aid use , baseline depression or loneliness , and relevant confounders and effect modifiers were incorporated.
no significant effects appeared for depression.
conclusion : significant adverse effects of poor hearing on loneliness were found for specific subgroups of older persons.
in future research , investigators should further examine the subgroup effects observed.
eventually , this may contribute to the development of tailored prevention programs.
purpose : the aim of this study was to highlight growing evidence of interactions between hormones and the structure and function of the auditory system.
method : recent studies implicating sex hormones and other natural hormones in the modulation of hearing status in age-related hearing loss were reviewed.
aldosterone , used in studies of animal models of autoimmune hearing loss , slowed the progression of hearing loss.
follow-up studies in humans revealed that auditory measures varied as serum aldosterone levels shifted within the normal range , in otherwise healthy older subjects.
conclusions : audiology is now at the point where the search for biomedical interventions to modulate or prevent age-related hearing loss can move forward.
low back pain , in its acute and chronic forms , is one of the most common health problems and is frequently evaluated by rheumatologists.
the multiple possible diagnoses associated with this symptom make correctly attributing back pain to a specific disease difficult.
this dilemma necessitates an organized approach to separate patients with mechanical disorders from those with rare systemic disorders.
the most common forms of back pain are mechanical.
gradual modifications in the axial skeletal structures over time result in pathological disorders that generally occur later in an individual's lifespan.
therapies for back pain can be nonpharmacological , pharmacological or surgical.
all interventions have limited capacity to resolve low back pain.
nonsurgical therapies are preferred for muscle injuries and osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine.
ageing is a potent , independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
calcification of the vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) layer of the vessel media is a hallmark of vascular ageing.
this new knowledge should pave the way for the development of novel therapies that target tissue-specific ageing mechanisms to treat vascular decline in ckd.
functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) is a valuable tool for monitoring disease progression in selectively vulnerable brain regions associated with ad neuropathology.
however , the reliability of fmri data in longitudinal studies of older adults with amci is largely unexplored.
test-retest reliability of the fmri blood oxygen level dependent ( bold ) activity was assessed using an intraclass correlation ( icc ) analysis approach.
results indicated that brain regions engaged during the task displayed greater reliability across sessions compared to regions that were not utilized by the task.
additionally , reliability across brain regions was more stable when three fmri sessions were used in the icc calculation relative to two fmri sessions.
complement receptor @number@ ( cr1 ) has been considered to play an important role in late-onset alzheimer's disease ( load ) pathogenesis.
to explore the correlation between the cr1 gene and load , a 2-step design study was conducted in our northern han chinese population.
this allowed us to identify a total of @number@ variants.
in addition , @number@ missense variants within the cr1 gene were selected to be genotyped in a total of @number@ individuals.
only @number@ snps ( rs116806486 , thr→ala ; rs6691117 , ile→val ) were significantly associated with an increased risk of load.
after stratification by apoe ε4-carrying status , significance was observed in apoe ε4 non-carriers for rs116806486 and in apoe ε4 carriers for rs6691117.
these findings provide the evidence that missense variants in the cr1 gene may be involved in load pathologic process in han chinese.
in particular , mapt mutations give rise to the subgroup of tauopathies.
thus , we disclosed a greater than expected complexity of abnormal features of mutated tau isoforms.
overall our findings suggest a high probability that these mutations are pathogenic.
it is particularly important within the context of aging and dementia , but has wider applicability to all forms of brain damage.
as such , it has intimate links to related compensatory and neuroprotective concepts , as well as to the related notion of brain reserve.
in this article , we introduce the concept of cognitive reserve and explicate its potential cognitive and neural implementation.
we measured the limits of the ability to recognize faces across the lifespan by young versus old men and women.
images of five males and five females at young and middle ages were morphed in @percent@ increments to create aged face images across the lifespan.
fifty-eight participants ( @number@ females ) judged whether pairs of photographs were of the same or different identity.
women outperformed men for female faces , exhibiting a sex difference and own-sex bias.
additionally , older participants showed an own-age bias and outperformed their younger counterparts with older stimuli.
hairlines change shape with age , starting at birth.
a good head of hair is frequently present some time after ages @number@ to @number@ years.
this article discusses the dynamics of hairline evolution and the phenotypic variations of the front and side hairlines in men and women.
a modeling system is introduced that provides a common language to define the various anatomic points of the full range of hairlines.
bubr1 also helps promote the establishment of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments during prometaphase.
in this chapter , we review the structure , functions , and regulation of bubr1 in these \ "classical roles \ " at the kinetochore.
we discuss its recruitment to kinetochores , its assembly into the inhibitor of anaphase progression , and the importance of its posttranslational modifications.
finally , studies are presented linking bubr1 dysfunction or misregulation to aging and human disease , particularly cancer.
these biomarkers have also been implemented in the revised diagnostic criteria of ad.
these biomarkers can be applied for diagnosing ad in the prodromal phase of the disease ( mild cognitive impairment ) .
however , their discriminatory power for the differential diagnosis of dementia is suboptimal.
data sources : a search of peer-reviewed articles in english from @number@ to @date@ was conducted using the ebsco health and scopus databases.
search terms included were community integration , traumatic brain injury or tbi , @number@ plus or older adults , and assessment.
study selection : forty-three eligible articles were identified , with @number@ selected for full review using a standardized critical review method.
data extraction : common community integration measures were identified and ranked for relevance and psychometric properties.
of the @number@ eligible articles , studies reporting community integration outcomes post-tbi were identified and critically reviewed.
older adults ' community integration needs post-tbi from high quality studies were summarized.
the community integration questionnaire ( ciq ) is the most widely used community integration measurement tool used in research for people with tbi.
however , more research is needed to inform best practice guidelines to meet the needs of this growing tbi population.
due to expanding clinical indications and an aging society there has been an increase in the use of implantable pacemakers.
patients with an implantable device have a 50-75% chance of having a clinical indication for mri during the lifetime of their device.
the introduction of mri conditional pacemakers will enable more patients to undergo routine mri assessment without risk of morbidity or device malfunction.
this review gives a general overview of the principles and current evidence for the use of mri conditional implantable cardiac devices.
furthermore , we appraise the differences between those pacemakers currently released to market.
results : attrition at @number@ months was @percent@ and @percent@ in the intervention and control arms respectively ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no significant effect of the intervention on folate status.
this study intends to fill in this research gap.
method : we conducted an exploratory analysis , using longitudinal survey phenotype / genotype data from @number@ oldest-old aged 90 + .
our findings are exploratory rather than causal conclusions.
aims : microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system , originating from haematopoietic-derived myeloid cells.
a microglial cell is a double-edged sword , which has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions.
the characteristics of microglia-like cells were analysed by flow cytometry and functional assay.
microglia-like cells exhibited lower expression of cd45 and mhc class ii than macrophages , a characteristic similar to brain microglia.
when introduced into brain slice cultures , these microglia-like cells changed their morphology to a ramified shape on the first day of the culture.
moreover , we demonstrated that microglia-like cells could be induced from human monocytes by coculture with astrocytes.
purified microglia-like cells were suitable for further culture and functional analyses.
faulty inhibition is implicated in age-related working memory decline.
a 4-digit display was followed by a cue indicating which @number@ of @number@ digits were relevant.
compared to the young , both the cue- and probe-locked activities were prolonged in the older groups.
although there were no topographic differences among the age groups , the prolonged pi and associated erps suggest a relative age-related deficit in inhibition.
objectives : despite safety warnings on serious adverse effects and guidance advising discontinuation , antipsychotic use in nursing homes remains high.
studies documenting the barriers experienced to antipsychotic discontinuation are rare.
this exploratory study investigates the willingness of nurses and general practitioners ( gps ) as well as the barriers to undertake antipsychotic discontinuation.
nurses working longer on the ward , with lower education , presented higher barriers to discontinuation of antipsychotics.
conclusion : nurses and gps share a very low willingness and high barriers to antipsychotic discontinuation.
to implement discontinuation programs , complex multidisciplinary interventions should be offered taking existing barriers into account.
and then the 2-month-old hif-1alpha gene knock out mice were randomly divided into yiqi huayu prescription group and physiological saline group.
there were @number@ mice in each group.
conclusion : the knee cartilage degenerates in the hif-1alpha cko mice , and the degeneration increased with age adding.
the yiqi huayu prescription can delay the degeneration of knee cartilage of hif-1alpha cko mice.
the elderly participants predominately showed 1-4 years of education , with non-participants @number@ - @number@
the morbidities most cited by the elderly who participated in educational activities were : hypertension and vision problems.
among non-participants , vision and spinal problems prevailed.
in both groups , the greatest percentage was @number@ - @number@ incapacities.
the age range of @number@ years and above was associated with a greater chance of non-participation in activities.
it is necessary to plan actions that favor participation , thereby contributing to monitor their health conditions.
background : it is known that long-term psychosocial stress may cause or contribute to different diseases and symptoms and accelerate aging.
dhea and dhea-s levels were compared between the groups using ancova , controlling for age.
results : the mean dhea-s levels were @percent@ lower in the subjects who reported stress at work compared to the non-stressed group.
statistical analysis ( ancova ) showed a significant difference in dhea-s levels between the groups ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no difference in dhea level between the groups.
conclusions : this study indicates that stressed individual have markedly lower levels of dhea-s.
methods : this study included @number@ ( @number@.1±9.4 y ) subjects.
blood pressure ( bps ) of four limbs was simultaneously measured with @number@ electronic sphygmomanometers after @number@ min rest in supine position.
the difference of systolic bp ( sbp ) between two ankles was calculated as detasbp.
age , gender , smoking , hypertension , family histories of hypertension and diabetes were recorded.
fasting blood glucose and lipids , circumference of hip and waist , and body mass index ( bmi ) were measured.
similar difference was found in both genders.
the prevalence of abnormal was @percent@ , in which , the prevalence 1o siand was @percent@ and that of 2o siand was @percent@.
multivariate regression analysis showed that age , waist circumference and blood glucose level were the positive factors for deltasbp.
the normal upper limit for deltasbp was @number@ mmhg in this population , the prevalence of siand by≥16 mmhg was @percent@.
conclusion : aging , hypertension , obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism are positive factors for inter-ankle sbp difference.
aβ and lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) elicited similar m cytokine and exosomal mrna ( ex-mrna ) responses.
abs significantly increased all cd4-tm ex-mrnas , but only il-2 and il-6 ex-mrnas were increased by aβ.
there were no significant differences between cytokine and ex-mrna responses of cd4-tms from the old compared to the young subjects.
background : the prevalence of sarcopenia varies widely between studies.
a secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between different individual criteria and low physical performance capacity.
methods : baseline data of the prospective belfrail study ( bfc80 + ) were analysed.
sarcopenia status was determined according to the ewgsop guidelines.
the skeletal muscle mass index ( smi ) was assessed according to bioelectrical impedance.
muscle strength and muscle performance were evaluated according to grip strength and the modified short physical performance battery ( sppbm ) .
a logistic regression analysis was performed.
results : according to the ewgsop algorithm , @percent@ of the participants were classified in the sarcopenia group.
sixty percent of the female participants had muscle strength values below the cut-off and @percent@ had low sppbm values.
in males , these prevalence values were @percent@ for grip strength and @percent@ for sppb.
the logistic regression analysis showed that low sppbm was associated with grip strength ( or : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.84-0.92 ) independent of smi.
a large number of participants with a sufficient smi value showed low muscle strength and / or a poor sppbm score.
a low sppbm was associated with grip strength but not with smi.
background : on @date@ , taiwan expanded its smoke-free legislation to all indoor public places and workplaces.
logistic regressions were used to analyse the aggregate data to estimate the association between the @number@ smoke-free legislation and shs exposures in homes and workplaces.
conclusions : the @number@ smoke-free policy reduced the shs exposure for non-smokers.
however , this impact on home shs did not persist after @number@ and the effect of protection was unequal across gender and ses groups.
objective : to examine the efficacy of cognitive speed of processing training ( sopt ) among individuals with parkinson disease ( pd ) .
moderators of sopt were also examined.
participants were assessed at baseline and after @number@ months of training ( or an equivalent delay ) .
the primary outcome measure was useful field of view test ( ufov ) performance , and secondary outcomes included cognitive self-perceptions and depressive symptoms.
classification of evidence : this study provides class iii evidence that sopt improves ufov performance among persons in the mild to moderate stages of pd.
the sirtuins are a family of highly conserved nad ( + ) -dependent lysine deacylases with important roles in metabolic regulation.
of the seven mammalian sirtuins , three localize to the mitochondria : sirt3 , sirt4 , and sirt5.
here we described the methods using this assay to study the substrate utilization and mitochondrial function in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line , huh7.
additionally , we have generated a stable sirt4 knocked-down huh7 cell line.
sirtuins are a class of enzymes with important functions in regulation aging , metabolism , and genome stability.
they were originally known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad ) -dependent protein lysine deacetylases.
however , recently it has been discovered that certain sirtuins with weak deacetylase activity also hydrolyze novel acyl lysine modifications.
these findings indicate that other sirtuins with weak deacetylase activity may also possess novel activities on unknown protein posttranslational modifications.
analytical methods that can help to identify new activity of sirtuins and new acyl lysine modifications are thus needed.
here we describe a sensitive method that uses ( @number@ ) p-labeled nad and thin-layer chromatography to detect sirtuin-catalyzed deacylation reactions.
this method can help to discover new acyl lysine modifications that can be removed by novel sirtuin activities.
here , we describe a general approach for immunopurification and ms-based identification of acetylated proteins in biological samples.
the sirtuins are a family of nad ( + ) -dependent deacylases with important effects on aging , cancer , and metabolism.
sirtuins exert their biological effects by catalyzing deacetylation and / or deacylation reactions in which acyl groups are removed from lysine residues of specific proteins.
a current challenge is to identify specific sirtuin target proteins against the high background of acetylated proteins recently identified by proteomic surveys.
new evidence indicates that bona fide sirtuin substrate proteins form stable physical associations with their sirtuin regulator.
therefore , identification of sirtuin interacting proteins could be a useful aid in focusing the search for substrates.
described here is a method for identifying sirtuin protein interactors.
also described is the use of the database for annotation , visualization , and integrated discovery for interpreting the sirtuin protein-interaction data obtained.
the nematode caenorhabditis elegans ( c. elegans ) has four sir2 paralogs , sir-2.1 , sir-2.2 , sir-2.3 , and sir-2.4.
only a few studies have examined the effect of personality traits on survival , such as optimism.
the aim of this study was to examine whether an optimistic outlook predicts survival among the oldest-old.
methods : the danish @number@ cohort survey is a nationwide , longitudinal survey comprising all individuals born in denmark in @number@
at baseline in @number@ a total of @number@ persons aged @number@ or @number@ agreed to participate in the intake survey.
results : during the follow-up period of @number@ years ( 1998-2010 ) there were @number@ deaths ( @number@ % ) in the @number@ cohort survey.
optimistic women were still at lower risk of death compared to neutral women [ hr @number@ @number@ % ci ( @number@.74-0.97 ) ] .
conclusion : an optimistic outlook appears to be a significant predictor of survival among the oldest-old women.
it may also be a significant predictor for men but the sample size is small.
human longevity is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
despite its heritability of 25-32 % , the genetic background of longevity is as yet largely unexplained.
apart from apoe status , variation in the foxo3a gene is the only confirmed genetic contributor to survival into old age.
eight snps were typed in both populations.
logistic regression analysis revealed that adjustment for smoking does not systematically alter the association between foxo3a variation and longevity in neither population.
our analysis therefore suggests that the said association is not largely due to the confounding effects of lung cancer.
protein oxidation is typically associated with oxidative stress and aging and affects protein function in normal and pathological processes.
additionally , deliberate oxidative labeling is used to probe protein structure and protein-ligand interactions in hydroxyl radical protein footprinting ( hrpf ) .
oxidation often occurs at multiple sites , leading to mixtures of oxidation isomers that differ only by the site of modification.
conversely , cid was found to generate quantitative ms / ms product ions only at the higher precursor charge state.
this review seeks to provide a counter-rationale for testosterone therapy in loh.
in contrast to higher estimates of prevalence based solely on numeric values , the syndromic prevalence of loh is only @percent@.
eythrocytosis is the most common adverse effect of testosterone therapy in older men , while long-term risks in the prostate and cardiovascular system remain unclear.
objective : to provide rationale for testosterone replacement therapy ( trt ) in older men with low testosterone levels and symptoms consistent with testosterone deficiency.
methods : the relevant literature was reviewed using pubmed.
conclusion : the testosterone trial should provide definitive information regarding the potential benefits of trt in men ≥65 years of age.
if efficacy is confirmed , we will still need more information regarding the risks of trt in older men.
objective : older couples are likely to be confronted with health problems of both spouses and these health problems may negatively influence their marital satisfaction.
the present study examined these possible negative effects using a dyadic perspective.
method : data from @number@ independently living older couples were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model ( apim ) .
health problems were modeled as a latent factor of functional disability , the number of chronic diseases , and self-rated health.
the couple's health context , that is , similarity or dissimilarity , was examined with an actor-partner interaction variable.
for husbands , neither own nor spousal health problems were associated with their marital satisfaction.
discussion : future research focusing on older couples needs to consider the couple's health context next to health at the individual level.
objective : we examined gender differences in the prevalence of disability and disability-free life expectancy ( dfle ) for bangladeshi older adults.
the sullivan method was used to compute dfle.
women have each disability and at least one disability in significantly higher percentages than men.
at all ages , and in both numbers and proportion , women have longer life expectancy but shorter dfle than men.
discussion : attention should be given to the elderly , with special care devoted to elderly women.
the findings of the current study have important implications for risk of disability and the need for , and use of , long-term care services.
objectives : coresidence is one way that middle-aged offspring assist vulnerable , aging parents.
this study investigated which characteristics of widowed mothers and adult children predict coresidence.
when coresidence occurred , the analysis explored how individual children's characteristics were associated with their coresidence with the mother.
married children were less likely to coreside than unmarried children , but married daughters were more likely than married sons to coreside.
past receipt of financial help from parents was not associated with coresidence.
coresidence was more likely for those with a close relationship with the mother.
discussion : the discussion considers coresidence as an intergenerational transfer and its importance for the contemporary aging society.
data are needed on characteristics of all offspring to test theories about parent-child relationships.
human-nucleotide-excision repair ( ner ) deficiency leads to different developmental and segmental progeroid symptoms of which the pathogenesis is only partially understood.
to understand the biological impact of accumulating spontaneous dna damage , we studied the phenotypic consequences of dna-repair deficiency in caenorhabditis elegans.
we find that dna damage accumulation does not decrease the adult life span of post-mitotic tissue.
contrariwise , ner deficiency leads to a striking transgenerational decline in replicative capacity and viability of proliferating cells.
the purpose of this study was to observe exercise training-induced effects on adiponectin , leptin , and ghrelin.
ghrelin and adiponectin increased @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , in exercise group participants following exercise training.
despite no changes in body mass , these data contribute to evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
we examined the time course of sarcopenia and determinants of transitioning toward and away from sarcopenia.
methods : alm , gait speed , and grip strength were assessed seven times over @number@ years in @number@ initially well-functioning adults aged 70-79.
presarcopenia was defined as low alm and sarcopenia as low alm with low performance or low strength.
hidden markov modeling was used to characterize states of alm , strength , and performance and model transitions leading to sarcopenia and death.
determinants of transitioning toward and away from sarcopenia were examined with logistic regression.
of participants with normal alm , strength , and performance , @percent@ transitioned to presarcopenia and none transitioned to sarcopenia.
the greatest transition to sarcopenia ( @percent@ ) was in presarcopenic individuals.
low-functioning and sarcopenia states were more likely to lead to death ( @percent@ and @percent@ ) .
conclusions : pain , physical activity , and body mass index , potentially modifiable factors , are determinants of transitions.
promotion of health approaching old age is important as few individuals transition away from their initial state.
identifying the downstream effects of disease-associated snps is challenging.
we identified and replicated trans eqtls for @number@ snps ( reflecting @number@ independent loci ) that were previously associated with complex traits at genome-wide significance.
the loss of complexity in physiological systems may be a dynamical biomarker of aging and disease.
continuous hr time series were obtained during supine rest and submaximal steady state exercise.
the complexity of hr dynamics was assessed using multiscale entropy analysis.
in addition , standard time and frequency domain measures were also computed.
combined strength and endurance training or strength training alone did not produce significant changes in hr dynamics.
inter-subject heterogeneity of responses was particularly noticeable in the combined training group.
at supine rest , no training-induced changes in hr parameters were observed in any of the groups.
the present findings emphasize the potential utility of endurance training in increasing the complex variability of hr in middle-aged women.
methods : healthy children were prospectively included between may and @date@ .
axial length was measured using iolmaster ( carl zeiss meditec , dublin , ca ) .
height , weight , and refraction were recorded.
interobserver agreement in readings was also assessed by the bland-altman method.
results : three hundred and forty-eight eyes from @number@ children aged @number@ years to @number@ years were imaged.
the mean subfoveal ct in right eyes was @number@ ± @number@ µm.
it was also inversely correlated to the axial length ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the nasal choroid appeared thinner than in the temporal area ( analysis of variance , p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : in children , ct increases with age and is inversely correlated to axial length.
there is a significant variation of ct between children of the same age.
participants ( n = 25 ) completed an online survey to elicit their opinions regarding their perceptions of their observation experiences.
findings support the notion that observations of slp appear to significantly influence students ' career choices.
little research has addressed the heterogeneity and mortality risk in body mass index ( bmi ) trajectories among older populations.
further analysis suggested that bmi trajectories were more predictive of mortality risk than was static bmi status.
this suggests that trajectories of increasing obesity past @number@ years of age pose a substantive threat to future gains in life expectancy.
pulse-pressure amplification reflects the augmentation of blood pressure between the central and peripheral arteries , which diminishes with aging.
lower amplification was associated with poorer stroop processing , working memory , and recognition memory.
higher brachial systolic pressure and brachial pulse pressure were both associated with poorer stroop processing.
in summary , central pressures and amplification were sensitive indicators of cognitive aging , predicting aspects of cognitive performance not predicted by brachial blood pressure.
on average , older adults are less accurate than younger adults at recognizing emotions from faces or voices.
we conclude that across adulthood , sensory information and knowledge differentially support empathic accuracy.
laboratory emotion-recognition tasks may therefore underestimate older adults ' empathic competencies.
participants also performed actual and imagined crossings of this \ "road \ " as well as a duration production task.
results showed that misestimated crossing times were related to the individual time base , with stronger time distortions in some older participants.
observational studies have suggested that colonoscopies strongly reduce the risk of crc , but there is little specific evidence on the effects of screening colonoscopies.
detailed information on previous colonoscopy and potential confounding factors was collected by standardized personal interviews.
self-reported information on colonoscopies and their indications was validated by medical records.
we used multiple logistic regression to assess the association between colonoscopy conducted for specific indications within the past @number@ years and risk of crc.
results : a history of colonoscopy was associated with a reduced subsequent risk of crc , independently of the indication for the examination.
conclusions : in a population-based case-control study , the risk of crc was strongly reduced up to @number@ years after colonoscopy for any indication.
risk was particularly low after screening colonoscopy , even for cancer in the right colon.
objectives : human epididymis protein @number@ ( he4 ) is a tumor marker in diagnosing ovarian cancer.
there are no reports about the serum he4 reference intervals ( ris ) with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ( eclia ) .
the ri of roma hasn't been established yet.
in this study , we establish the ris for serum he4 , ca125 and roma in healthy chinese female with eclia.
the ris were determined following clsi c28-a3 guidelines using a nonparametric method.
conclusion : we established the ris for serum he4 , ca125 and roma with eclia in healthy chinese female.
it provided a reference for clinical and laboratory studies.
the prevalence of hearing problems in the western world has , due to aging of the population , doubled over the past @number@ years.
thereby , noise-induced hearing loss is an important factor that worsens over time in addition to age-related hearing loss.
hearing loss is usually measured as an elevation of a person's hearing thresholds , expressed in decibel ( db ) .
however , recent animal studies have unraveled a type of permanent cochlear damage , without an elevation of hearing thresholds.
hyperacusis and tinnitus are potentially devastating conditions that are still incurable.
the main risk factors to develop tinnitus or hyperacusis are hearing loss , social stress and age.
reference values of pth depend on vitamin d status of the reference population.
this is often not described in package inserts.
the lasa cohort is a representative sample of the dutch older population.
the relation between vitamin d and pth was independent of age , gender , bmi and kidney function.
in conclusion , we have shown that it is important to establish pth reference values in a local reference population taking 25ohd status into account.
abc transporters were shown to be the most important exporter superfamily for toxic peptides , e.g. β-amyloid and α-synuclein.
additionally , we provide new experimental evidence for interactions within this network in regenerative processes in ad.
in contrast , levels of 5fc and 5cac were significantly ( p < @number@ ) decreased in the hpg of pcad and lad subjects.
the objective of this study was to examine the relationships between executive functions , physical fitness and mobility in well-functioning older adults.
forty-eight well functioning older adults ( @number@.5±5.3years old ; @number@ men , @number@ women ) were included in this study.
two median splits were conducted based on each individual's performance for the 10mwt and tug.
comparisons between groups of slower and faster individuals were made with regard to executive functions and physical fitness parameters.
a correlational approach was used to assess the association between variables.
these results suggest that the tug and the 10mwt could potentially help distinguish individuals with poor neuromuscular , aerobic and cognitive flexibility performances.
purpose : active surveillance is becoming an increasingly common management strategy for low grade prostate cancer and involves repeat prostate biopsies over time.
materials and methods : we identified @number@ men on active surveillance whose first biopsy occurred between @number@ and @number@
we estimated the change in erectile function with time using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing.
results : the median ( iqr ) patient age in this cohort was @number@ years ( 58-68 ) .
median followup on active surveillance was @number@ years ( @number@.3-5.0 ) and the median number of biopsies was @number@ ( 3-6 ) .
when stratified by comorbidities or number of biopsies we see an almost identical decrease in erectile function with time.
the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors increased from @percent@ to @percent@ from baseline to year @number@ on active surveillance.
incubation with ( s ) -nicotine increased d-ser levels , which were attenuated by the α7-nachr antagonist methyllycaconitine ( mla ) .
the nachr subtype selectivity was probed using α7-nachr selective inhibitors mla and ( r , s ) -dehydronorketamine and α3β4-nachr specific inhibitor at-1001.
the compounds reduced d-ser in pc-12 cells , but only mla and ( r , s ) -dehydronorketamine were effective in 1321n1 cells.
we aimed to investigate the prevalence and long-term outcome of preclinical alzheimer's disease according to these criteria.
the primary outcome was the proportion of participants in each preclinical ad stage.
we undertook survival analyses using subdistribution and standard cox hazards models and linear mixed models.
interpretation : preclinical alzheimer's disease is common in cognitively normal elderly people and is associated with future cognitive decline and mortality.
thus , preclinical alzheimer's disease could be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
objectives : older people with intellectual disabilities ( id ) may experience more and different symptoms of anxiety than older people with normal intelligence.
design : cross-sectional.
setting : formal dutch intellectual disability services and dutch population-based study.
measurements : the general anxiety subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
conclusions : older people with id report more symptoms of anxiety than older people with normal intelligence.
tense feelings and worrying especially need more attention , because more than one-half of all older people with id reported such symptoms.
background : atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the elderly.
serum potassium is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
little is known about the association of serum potassium with atrial fibrillation.
the objective of this study was to investigate the association of serum potassium and the risk of atrial fibrillation in a population based setting.
methods : the study was performed within the prospective population-based rotterdam study.
the study population consisted of @number@ participants without atrial fibrillation at baseline for whom baseline levels of serum potassium were measured.
atrial fibrillation was ascertained from centre visit ecg assessments as well as medical records.
results : during a mean follow up of @number@ years ( sd = 5.2 yr ) , @number@ participants developed atrial fibrillation.
this association was independent of age , sex , serum magnesium , and other potential confounders.
conclusions : in this study low serum levels of potassium were associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation.
the main outcome measures were physical activity , smoking , alcohol consumption and diet.
the study was conducted in @number@ general practices in croatia between @date@ and @date@ .
the patients ' mean age was @number@ ± @number@ years.
significant diet correction was achieved after 18-month follow-up in the intervention group , comparing to controls.
more patients followed strictly mediterranean diet and consumed healthy foods more frequently.
there was no significant difference between the groups in physical activity , tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption or diet after the intervention.
in conclusion , an 18-month intensified gp's intervention had limited effect on lifestyle habits.
gp intervention managed to change dietary habits in elderly population , which is encouraging since elderly population is very resistant regarding lifestyle habit changes.
clinical trial registration number.
isrctn31857696.
human cells utilize a variety of complex dna repair mechanisms in order to combat constant mutagenic and cytotoxic threats from both exogenous and endogenous sources.
mutations of the blm gene can result in bloom syndrome , an autosomal recessive disorder associated with cancer predisposition.
in this work , we describe the medicinal chemistry optimization of the hit molecule following a quantitative high-throughput screen of > 355 , 000 compounds.
these efforts lead to the identification of ml216 and related analogs , which possess potent blm inhibition and exhibit selectivity over related helicases.
moreover , these compounds demonstrated cellular activity by inducing sister chromatid exchanges , a hallmark of bloom syndrome.
there are only minimal data on the association between alcohol and brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) markers.
this study aimed to examine the association between alcohol and brain structure measured with mri.
we examined the association of alcohol intake with these imaging markers using regression models adjusted for demographic , clinical , and vascular risk factors.
further analysis showed a dose-response association between alcohol ( p-trend = @number@ ) or wine ( p-trend = @number@ ) and tbv.
overall , alcohol intake was not associated with wmhv or brain infarcts.
these findings suggest that light to moderate alcohol consumption is potentially beneficial for brain aging , but replication is needed.
this article reviews the neuropsychiatric presentations elicited by spontaneous hypercortisolism and exogenous supraphysiologic glucocorticoids.
patients with cushing disease and syndrome develop a depressive syndrome : irritable and depressed mood , decreased libido , disrupted sleep and cognitive decrements.
exogenous short-term glucocorticoid administration may elicit a hypomanic syndrome with mood , sleep and cognitive disruptions.
treatment options are discussed.
brain imaging and neuropsychological studies indicate elevated cortisol and other glucocorticoids are especially deleterious to hippocampus and frontal lobe.
design : twenty-three-month retrospective analysis.
setting : single center , @number@ bed community teaching hospital.
intervention : retrospective review of medical records.
average total hospital charges for the dexmedetomidine group were approximately $ 4000.00 less than the propofol group.
conclusions : dexmedetomidine-based sedation resulted in achievement of early extubation more frequently than propofol-based sedation.
mean postoperative time to extubation and average hospital los were shorter with dexmedetomidine-based sedation and met a statistical level of significance.
there was no difference in icu-los or in-hospital mortality between the two groups.
total hospital charges were similar , although slightly higher in the propofol group.
design : retrospective , observational.
setting : academic tertiary care hospital.
participants : six hundred twenty-nine adult , on-pump cardiac surgery patients with scvo2 and arterial lactate obtained on admission to the icu.
interventions : none.
markedly elevated lactate levels in the setting of a normal scvo2 was associated with significantly higher incidence of major complications and prolonged length of stay.
additionally , a lactate level ≥ @number@ mmol / l was an independent predictor of major complications.
objective : this study considers the long-term health consequences of child maltreatment.
distinct from previous research , we examine the effects of maltreatment in the context of more general parental evaluations.
method : analyses used retrospective and current data from the midlife development in the united states ( midus ) study.
maltreated respondents generally evaluated their maltreating parents less favorably than non-maltreating parents , but there was considerable variation in these recollected relationships.
generalized tonic-clonic seizure ( gtcs ) is the commonest seizure type associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy ( sudep ) .
this study examined the semiological and electroencephalographic differences ( eeg ) in the gtcss of adults as compared with those of children.
the rationale lies on epidemiological observations that have noted a tenfold higher incidence of sudep in adults.
semiological , eeg , and 3-channel ekg features were studied.
periictal seizure phase durations were analyzed including tonic , clonic , total seizure , postictal eeg suppression ( pges ) , and recovery phases.
generalized estimating equations ( gees ) were used to find associations between electroclinical features.
postictal eeg suppression durations were on average 28s shorter in children.
tonic phase duration also significantly increased with medication cessation , and although pges durations increased , this was not significant.
this study clearly points out identifiable electroclinical differences between adult and pediatric gtcss that may be relevant in explaining lower sudep risk in children.
the findings suggest that some prolonged seizure phases and prolonged pges duration may be electroclinical markers of sudep risk and merit further study.
correlation analyses among the measures and regression analyses of objective and subjective qol measures ( qls and lqlp ) were conducted.
explanations of results for the two types of qol measures in terms of psychotic symptomatology and adjustment variables ( panss and rehab ) are discussed.
results : there was no salient correlation between objective and subjective qol measures.
conclusions : results indicated that objective and subjective qol domains should be treated separately in clinical practice for this patient population.
some qol factors identified in the regression analyses can be used as targets to improve qol.
the findings have important clinical implications for the assessment and treatment of this patient population.
results : whole-body protein breakdown was activated during fasting in young and older individuals ( p < @number@ vs fasted state ) .
we assessed whether expansion size is associated with disease severity or phenotype.
we used southern blotting techniques and densitometry to estimate the repeat size of the most abundant expansion species.
our findings indicate that expansion size does affect disease severity , which if replicated in other cohorts could be relevant for genetic counselling.
we have generated a physiologically relevant bacterial artificial chromosome ( bac ) -based genomic dna expression model to study ps1 gene expression and function.
ps1 δe9 and c410y fad were found to lower ps1 gene expression in both cell lines , whereas ps1-m146v showed a neuron-specific effect.
the nonclinical γ-secretase inactive ps1-d257a mutation did not alter gene expression in either cell line.
this is the first time that pathogenic coding mutations in the ps1 gene have been shown to lower ps1 gene expression.
in addition , apoe ε4 carriers have lower csf aβ ( @number@ ) levels than non-carriers.
csf aβ ( @number@ ) levels were tested for associations with aβ degradation and clearance genes and apoe ε4.
twenty-four snps located within the @number@ and @number@ regions of @number@ genes were analyzed.
the study sample consisted of @number@ ad patients and @number@ cognitively normal control subjects.
these results suggest that genetic variation within the a2m gene influences csf aβ ( @number@ ) levels.
multiple biological processes are related to cognitive impairment in older adults , but their combined impact on cognition in midlife is not known.
allostatic load was strongly inversely associated with performance in both episodic memory and executive function.
findings suggest that a multi-system score , like allostatic load , may assist in the early identification of adults at increased risk for cognitive impairment.
superficial layers i to iii of the human cerebral cortex are more vulnerable toward aβ peptides than deep layers v to vi in aging.
three models of layers were used to investigate this pattern of frailty.
we observed that e14 and e17 neurons in culture were prone to death after the aβ and particularly the kainic acid treatment.
thus , the aged superficial layers appeared to be preferentially vulnerable against aβ and kainic acid.
this pattern of vulnerability corresponds to enhanced accumulation of senile plaques in the superficial cortical layers with aging and alzheimer's disease.
the link between psychological stress and aging is intuitive although the underlying mechanisms are not well defined.
results : cumulative trauma exposure predicted greater ptsd symptom severity in hierarchical regression analyses consistent with a dose-response model.
neuroticism and event centrality also emerged as robust predictors of ptsd symptom severity.
moreover , cumulative self-oriented events accounted for a larger percentage of variance in symptom severity compared to events directed at others.
ed visit characteristics were described according to age group and year.
incidence rates of ed visits and length of ed stay were calculated.
estimated ed visit incidence rate for persons aged 85 + years old was twice as high as for persons aged 65-84 years.
compared to patients aged 65-84 years , those aged 85 + years were more likely to be hospitalized and have a longer ed stay.
this latter difference increased over time between @number@ and @number@
conclusions : oldest-old patients are increasingly using ed services.
these services need to adapt their care delivery processes to meet the needs of a rising number of these complex , multimorbid and vulnerable patients.
healthcare reform has led to an increased emphasis on interprofessional healthcare models for older adults.
unfortunately , best practice education that focuses on the interprofessional healthcare of the elderly does not yet exist.
we surveyed third-year medical students , nurse practitioner students and graduate social work students.
attitudes regarding personal aging were similar among the professions.
nurse practitioner and social work students had higher positive attitudes toward the care of older adults.
concerns about the impact of healthcare reform on quality and healthcare costs differed significantly.
there was also a significant difference in attitudes concerning the role of the physician as the leader of the interprofessional team.
these results provide insights into gerontologic-focused attitudes of graduate healthcare professional students.
the food and drug administration ( fda ) has been more proactive in regulating sunscreen products.
in @number@ the fda publicized a set of new requirements for marketing over-the-counter sunscreens in the united states.
furthermore , information about protection against ultraviolet a radiation , associated with early aging and skin cancer , was to be clarified.
serum testosterone levels and gonad function decline with the aging of males.
it can also lead to endothelial and vascular dysfunction , accelerate the formation of atherosclerosis and increase the morbidity of cardio-vascular disease.
a further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group.
ag and lg followed a 6-month , twice-weekly , multimodality exercise intervention.
ag underwent the protocol in hot-spring water ( 36°c ) while lg did it in a land-based environment.
after the intervention , knee-extension strength was maintained in ag and lg.
the back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in ag ( @percent@ ; p < @number@ ) , while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups.
in addition , calf muscle density increased by @percent@ ( p < @number@ ) .
in summary , both water- and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility.
aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance.
men undergo gradual bone loss with aging , resulting in fragile bones.
it is estimated that one in five men will suffer an osteoporotic fracture during their lifetime.
the prognosis for men after a hip fracture is very grim.
a major cause is reduction of free testosterone.
many other factors result in secondary osteoporosis , including treatment for other diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
patients should be screened not only for bone density but also assessed for their nutritional status , physical activity , and drug intake.
therapy should be chosen based on the type of osteoporosis.
these approaches have been used in glaxosmithkline from drug discovery to registration and have been applied to @number@ drugs from a number of therapeutic areas.
objective : to investigate the associations of metformin , serum vitamin b12 , calcium supplements , and cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes.
among participants with diabetes , worse cognitive performance was associated with metformin use ( @number@ [ @number@ @date@ ] ) .
conclusions : metformin use was associated with impaired cognitive performance.
vitamin b12 and calcium supplements may alleviate metformin-induced vitamin b12 deficiency and were associated with better cognitive outcomes.
samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry , quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction , and zymography.
moreover , pet + patients were characterized by a higher circulating c-reactive protein.
the latter part of the 20th century was a period characterized by a fundamental transition in scholarship on activity and the aging process.
theory emphasizing the inevitable decline of human capacity was gradually replaced with concepts stressing positive , multidimensional views of aging.
rowe and kahn's model of successful aging highlights the interplay between social engagement with life , health , and functioning for a positive aging experience.
purpose of the study : this article examines the impact of early- and later-life circumstances on loneliness among people aged 65 + in ireland.
the participants ( n = @number@ ) aged 65 + were included in the analysis.
implications : the results indicate the significance of the childhood environment for understanding loneliness in later life.
the relationship of childhood socioeconomic deprivation and parental substance abuse with adult well-being should be an important consideration in social policy planning.
in addition , the intervention included regular musical exercises at home.
in addition , the psychological well-being of family members was repeatedly assessed with questionnaires.
singing also enhanced short-term and working memory and caregiver well-being , whereas music listening had a positive effect on qol.
design and methods : this study used the @number@ wave of the national health and aging trends study.
bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to isolate the independent effects of race / ethnicity on ltci uptake.
stratified multivariate analyses were used to further examine the effect of race / ethnicity on ltci ownership.
results : @percent@ of blacks and @percent@ of hispanics , compared with @percent@ of whites ( p < @number@ ) , reported having ltci coverage.
compared with white women , hispanic women were @percent@ less likely to be insured ( p < @number@ ) .
ethnic disparities persisted among individuals who , based on income and assets , are considered appropriate for purchasing private ltci coverage.
implications : this study demonstrates that ethnic differences exist in the ownership of ltci among elderly americans.
additional research is needed to determine what factors are responsible for the apparent underrepresentation of hispanics in the ltci market.
participants completed knee extensor strength testing and a physical activity questionnaire.
the association between age and nka content was investigated within the oa and con groups and in pooled data.
the nka content was also contrasted between subgroups below and above the median age of @number@ yr.
no differences were found between groups for nka content , abundance of other nka isoforms , or gene expression.
the nka content was @percent@ lower in the older ( 69-81 yr ) than in the younger ( 55-68 yr ) subgroup.
hence older age , but not knee oa , was related to lowered muscle nka content in older adults.
methods : two hundred and fifty-nine children carrying an fbn1 gene mutation and fulfilling ghent criteria were compared with @number@ non-marfan syndrome children.
hypermobility decreased from @number@ to @percent@ and pes planus decreased from @number@ to @percent@.
striae increased from @number@ to @percent@.
aortic root dilatation remained stable during follow-up in this population receiving β-blocker therapy.
ectopia lentis and aortic dilatation were both similarly discriminating.
mean aortic dilatation remains stable in infancy when children receive a β-blocker.
of these proteins , @number@ were significantly altered.
most of the differentially regulated proteins are involved in molecular transport , nervous system development , synaptic plasticity and apoptosis.
particularly , proteins such as gelsolin ( gsn ) , tenascin-r ( tnr ) and ahnak could potentially act as novel biomarkers of aging-related neurodegeneration.
background : cross-sectional studies suggest an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin d with exacerbations in patients with copd , but longitudinal evidence from cohort studies is scarce.
the aim of this study was to assess the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d with exacerbations and mortality in primary care patients with copd.
we used negative binomial and cox regression to assess the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin d with ( centrally adjudicated ) exacerbations and mortality , respectively.
in patients taking vitamin d supplements , using different cutoffs for 25-hydroxyvitamin d or competing risk models did not materially change the results.
we did not find a statistically significant association of 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentration with mortality.
seven age groups were divided by decades ranging from @number@ to @number@ years to @number@ + years.
the association between iop and bmi , plasma lipid profiles was examined using cross-sectional analysis.
results : the mean age of subjects was @number@ years.
the mean iop of subjects was @number@ ± @number@ mmhg for both eyes.
the mean iop of men was significantly higher than women ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in a korean population , the mean iop , total cholesterol , tg , and bmi values of men were higher than women.
iop was found to increase with total cholesterol , tg , bmi , and to decrease with only age regardless of sex.
design : observational , cross-sectional study.
exclusion criteria included glaucoma , retinal diseases , diabetes , history of prior intraocular surgery or laser treatment.
the mean macular and rnfl thickness were recorded , and the effects of age , gender , and refraction on these parameters were evaluated.
this data was compared with published literature on caucasians to assess the ethnic variations of these parameters.
results : the normal central foveal thickness in healthy indian eyes measured using spectralis oct was @number@ ± @time@ ΅m.
conclusions : our study provides the normative database for indians on spectralis oct.
individuals with copd have increased susceptibility to respiratory infections , resulting in exacerbations of the disease.
inactivation of the innate immune system observed in copd smokers is remarkably similar to the immunosenescence phenotype associated with aging.
recent work in neuroscience supports the idea that variability in brain function is necessary for optimal brain responsivity to a changing environment.
this accumulation of evidence suggests that moving beyond the mean will provide a complementary window into aging-related neural processes.
background : pentacyclic triterpenoids improve epidermal barrier function and induce collagen production.
here , their effects on cutaneous aging by means of objective instrumental measurements were elucidated.
results : incubation with t. arjuna triterpenes increased fgf-2 , tsp-1 , tgf-β and ctgf expression , and vegf secretion in vitro.
elevated lactate dehydrogenase release upon sodium dodecyl sulphate challenge was reversed by the application of t. arjuna bark extract.
t. arjuna bark extract decreased tewl , improved skin moisturization , reduced scaliness and led to significantly improved skin elasticity.
conclusion : t. arjuna bark extract appears as an innovative active ingredient that exerts versatile antiaging properties in vitro and in vivo.
the eukaryotic stress response involves translational suppression of non-housekeeping proteins and the sequestration of unnecessary mrna transcripts into stress granules ( sgs ) .
the activity and aggregation of rbps appears to be important in the context of unfolded protein diseases.
the discovery that mutations in these rbps can cause familial motoneuron diseases and familial dementias indicates the importance of these genes to neuronal degeneration.
some disorders linked to mutations in rbps include : amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , frontotemporal dementia and spinal muscular atrophy.
these rbps also associate with pathological structures in other neurodegenerative diseases , including huntington's chorea , creutzfeldt-jakob disease , and alzheimer's disease.
interestingly , protein levels of rbps change across the aging spectrum and may be linked to other age-related disorders , such as type @number@ diabetes.
purpose : previous studies that measured liquefaction and oxygen content in human vitreous suggested that exposure of the lens to excess oxygen causes nuclear cataracts.
here , we developed a computational model that reproduced available experimental oxygen distributions for intact and degraded human vitreous in physiologic and environmentally perturbed conditions.
after validation , the model was used to estimate how age-related changes in vitreous physiology and structure alter oxygen levels at the lens.
methods : a finite-element model for oxygen transport and consumption in the human vitreous was created.
major inputs included ascorbate-mediated oxygen consumption in the vitreous , consumption at the posterior lens surface , and inflow from the retinal vasculature.
concentration-dependent relations were determined from experimental human data or estimated from animal studies , with the impact of all assumptions explored via parameter studies.
loss of the antioxidative capacity of ascorbate increases oxygen levels 3-fold at the lens surface.
homogeneous vitreous degeneration ( liquefaction ) , but not partial posterior vitreous detachment , greatly increases oxygen exposure to the lens.
conclusions : ascorbate content and the structure of the vitreous gel are critical determinants of lens oxygen exposure.
minimally invasive surgery and restoration of vitreous structure warrant further attention as strategies for preventing nuclear cataracts.
flavonoids have been demonstrated to provide health benefits in humans.
baicalein is widely used in korean and chinese herbal medicines as anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy.
however , the molecular mechanisms of its activity remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation.
baicalein treatment on hct116 cells resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death.
the induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes and cleavage of poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase.
baicalein also suppressed the activation of nf-κb through pparγ activation.
these results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalein may be mediated through pparγ activation.
finally , administration with baicalein significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation with inflammation.
our findings suggest that baicalein is one of the candidates for the prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
objective : to spread and update information on the clinical usefulness of elderly asmathic patients.
methods : we performed a search for spanish and english articles , in indexed journals from medical databases.
in these papers we looked up the words : geriatrics , asthma , aging , immunosenescence , and we chose those papers with clinical relevance.
many falls in older adults occur during walking following trips.
following a trip , older adults take longer than younger adults to recover steady-state walking.
although faster gait speed may improve interlimb coordination , it may also increase fall risk in older adults.
we hypothesized that older adults would take longer than younger adults to recover from an unexpected perturbation during gait especially when walking faster.
gait stability was evaluated using the short- and longer-term response to perturbation.
in both groups , walking faster diminished the occurrence of elevation and increased that of leg lowering.
arm-leg and inter-arm coordination improved with increasing gait speed in both groups , but older adults had weaker inter-leg coupling following perturbation at all speeds.
recovery from perturbation when walking faster was associated with better interlimb coordination , but not with better gait stability.
this indicates that interlimb coordination and gait stability may be distinct features of locomotion.
improved medical , economic and socio-cultural conditions have increased life expectancy , especially for women.
these are complex issues , and it may be difficult and time-consuming to discern between normal brain functional changes and specific pathology in practice.
early evaluation of correctable possibilities , including imaging studies , may be key to management.
referral to specialists for diagnosis before starting clinical treatment is useful to address these issues.
longitudinal studies of objectively measured physical activity are lacking in older adults.
we tested whether objective measures of total daily activity decline more rapidly in older adults.
this prospective , observational cohort study included @number@ community-dwelling older persons from across metropolitan chicago participating in the rush memory and aging project.
repeated total daily activity measures ( leisure and non-leisure physical activity ) were derived from actigraphic recordings for up to @number@ days.
generalized estimating equation models which controlled for demographics measures were employed.
at baseline , age was inversely related with the level of total daily activity ( estimate , @number@ s.e. @number@ p < 0.001 ) .
total daily activity declined @percent@ more rapidly for each additional year of age at baseline ( estimate @number@ s.e. @number@ p = 0.027 ) .
thus , total daily activity declined almost twice as fast in an individual @number@ years old at baseline versus an individual @number@ years old.
a higher level of education was associated with a slower rate of decline ( estimate @number@ s.e. @number@ p < 0.018 ) .
these data suggest that total daily activity in very old adults declines more rapidly with increasing age.
thus , physical inactivity is likely to become a larger problem in our aging population.
the nia-aa initiative also built upon research criteria for ad proposed by the international working group ( iwg ) in @number@ and updated in @number@
objective : to determine the long-term effect of rp on male sf and ef over @number@ yr of follow-up.
design , setting , and participants : this was a prospective , longitudinal outcomes study in @number@ men following rp at a university hospital.
intervention : all men underwent open rp.
results and limitations : after an expected initial decline , time-dependent improvements in sf and ef were observed through @number@ yr postoperatively.
overall , sf and ef were both generally stable between @number@ and @number@ yr following rp.
the subgroups of younger men and men with better preoperative function were more likely to maintain their ef and sf through @number@ yr following rp.
the primary limitation is the potential bias attributable to nonresponders.
conclusions : the recovery of ef can extend well beyond @number@ yr.
there is a significant association between younger age and better preoperative function and the likelihood of experiencing improvements beyond @number@ yr.
objective : to investigate the relationship between apathy and perceived quality of life in groups both with and without depressive symptoms or cognitive impairment.
methods : we conducted a cross-sectional study comparing quality of life in older persons with and without apathy in @number@ dutch general practices.
participants were @number@ older persons aged at least @number@ years without current treatment for depression and a mini-mental state examination score of at least @number@
apathy was assessed with the apathy scale.
results : of the @number@ older persons , apathy was present in @number@ ( @percent@ ) of them.
in the @number@ ( @percent@ ) persons with cognitive impairment only , apathy was correlated to a lower score on the eq-5d thermometer.
conclusion : apathy frequently occurred in community-dwelling older persons , also in the absence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
in them , apathy contributed to the perception of a diminished quality of life in various aspects of daily life.
we aimed to assess the association between the cd4 : cd8 ratio and markers of age-associated disease in treated hiv-infected patients with good immunovirological response.
conclusions : the cd4 : cd8 ratio in treated hiv-infected subjects with good immunovirological response is independently associated with markers of age-associated disease.
hence , it might be a clinically useful predictor of non-aids-defining conditions.
ros can cause oxidation in both amino acid side chains and protein backbones , resulting in protein fragmentation or protein-protein cross-linkages.
these modifications can be involved in the regulation of fresh meat quality and influence the processing properties of meat products.
oxidative stress occurs when the formation of oxidants exceeds the ability of antioxidant systems to remove the ros in organisms.
increased levels of protein oxidation have been associated with various biological consequences , including diseases and aging , in humans and other animal species.
the aim of this study is to assess the impact of hearing status on age-related decrease in verbal short-term memory ( stm ) performance.
the matching procedure allowed us to assess the importance of hearing loss as an explanatory factor of age-related stm decline.
this study provides evidence for recent theoretical accounts considering reduced hearing level as an important explanatory factor of poor auditory-verbal stm performance in older adults.
addition missing vitamin or vitamins restores the performance of antioxidant system.
thus , the role of vitamins in adaptation to stressors is evident.
perhaps this explains the lack of positive effects of antioxidant vitamins used in extreme doses for a long time described in some publications.
homologous recombination is a universal process , conserved from bacteriophage to human , which is important for the repair of double-strand dna breaks.
recombination in mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) was documented more than @number@ decades ago , but the underlying molecular mechanism has remained elusive.
increasing evidence supports the notion that , like in bacteriophages , mtdna inheritance is a coordinated interplay between recombination , repair , and replication.
these findings could have profound implications for understanding the mechanism of mtdna inheritance and the generation of mtdna deletions in aging cells.
ovarian aging is characterized by both a reduction in egg quality and a drastic reduction in the number of ovarian follicles.
this dogma , however , has been challenged over the past decade.
objectives : cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in older adults with bipolar disorder ( bd ) .
yet , whether high wmh burden is related to the excess cognitive impairment present in older adults with bd is unknown.
therefore , we examine whether higher wmh burden is related to worse cognitive function in older adults with bd.
subjects underwent both brain mri and comprehensive neurocognitive assessment.
we employed correlational analyses to evaluate the burden of wmh and the relationship between wmh and cognitive function.
in control subjects , higher wmh was related to lower global cognitive function ( ρ = @number@ n = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
however , wmh did not correlate with neuropsychological performance in bd subjects.
further , bd and control subjects did not differ with respect to total gray and hippocampal volumes.
conclusions : cognitive dysfunction in late-life bd does not appear to be due primarily to processes related to increased wmh or reduced gray matter volume.
future longitudinal studies should examine other potential neuroprogressive pathways such as inflammation , mitochondrial dysfunction , serum anticholinergic burden , and altered neurogenesis.
second , we compared circulating inflammatory , antioxidant capacity , and vascular biomarkers between the groups.
the pad does not impair the endothelium beyond that which already occurs from comorbid conditions and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with claudication.
however , patients with pad have lower circulating vegf-a than the control group and higher circulating inflammatory parameters of tnf-α and il-8.
autobiographical memories are disproportionately recalled for events in late adolescence and early adulthood , a phenomenon called the reminiscence bump.
previous studies on music have found autobiographical memories and life-long preferences for music from this period.
all these measures showed the typical increase for music released during the two decades of their lives.
unexpectedly , we found that the same measures peaked for the music of participants ' parents ' generation.
this finding points to the impact of music in childhood and suggests that these results reflect the prevalence of music in the home environment.
an earlier peak occurred for 1960s music , which may be explained by its quality or by its transmission through two generations.
we refer to this pattern of musical cultural transmission over generations as cascading reminiscence bumps.
therefore , the effects of frids on postural control were examined by reviewing literature.
electronic databases and reference lists of identified papers were searched until @date@ .
only controlled research papers examining the effects of frids on postural control were included.
frids were defined according to meta-analyses as antidepressants , neuroleptics , benzodiazepines , antiepileptic drugs , digoxin , type ia anti-arrhythmics , and diuretics.
ninety-four papers were included , of which study methods for quantifying postural control , and the effects of frids on postural control were abstracted.
postural control was assessed with a variety of instruments , mainly evaluating aspects of body sway during quiet standing.
in general , postural control was impaired , indicated by an increase in parameters quantifying body sway , when using psychotropic frids.
the sedative effects of these drugs on postural control are reversible , as was proven in intervention studies where frids were withdrawn.
various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been considered for cell therapeutics in incurable diseases.
since paracrine action is the main action of mscs , we examined the anti-inflammatory activity of each msc under lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) -induced inflammation.
a total of @number@ studies , published between @date@ and @date@ , were identified from six databases.
from the selected studies , @number@ needs of pwd were identified.
the existing evidence suggests that psychosocial needs such as the need to engage in daily individualized activities and care must not be ignored in ltc.
this review aims to provide a clearer picture of the needs of this growing patient population.
age-related decrease of testosterone levels in blood and brain is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease.
however , the effect of testosterone on brain function is not well understood.
therefore , we investigated the impact of testosterone deprivation on mitochondrial gene expression in the brain of male gonadectomized ( gdx ) rats.
these reductions in the expression of mitochondrial gene and transcriptional coactivators and factors were recovered by androgen replacement.
these findings indicate that androgen plays an important role in mitochondrial gene expression in the hippocampus.
this so-called bilateral deficit may be reduced or counteracted by long-term practice.
little is known about age-related changes.
we examined age- and expertise-related differences in the bilateral deficit in force initiation.
participants performed static and dynamic force modulation tasks either with the right and left hand separately or both hands simultaneously.
to assess the influence of expertise , we considered precision mechanics as experts in fine motor control.
regardless of the task , bimanual force initiation was slower than unimanual force initiation.
the results are promising for the possibility to overcome constraints of bilateral hand movements by long-term practice.
evidence that depressive symptoms are inversely related to n-3 ( ω-3 ) fatty acids is growing among united states adults.
eds prevalence was @percent@ among men and @percent@ among women.
a similar pattern was noted for n-3 hufa : n-6 hufa among women.
cognitive control is defined by a set of neural processes that allow us to interact with our complex environment in a goal-directed manner.
mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and numerous human diseases , including parkinson disease ( pd ) .
mutations in pink1 and park2 , as well as park7 / dj-1 , underlie autosomal recessive parkinsonism and impair mitochondrial function and morphology.
restoration of atpif1 in rho0 cells , which lack mtdna and a functional electron transport chain , lowers δψ and triggers park2 recruitment.
dance-based therapy has the potential to slow the progression of functional limitations in older adults.
a secondary data analysis of the continuous 2-month nighttime bed sensor data was reviewed for measurable change during a dance study.
although these exploratory variations are modest , the findings suggest that bed sensors can be used to measure nighttime restfulness following a therapeutic dance intervention.
more research is needed in this emerging area.
context : osteoarthritic knee pain is very common , as are leg length discrepancies ( llds ) .
the relationship between llds and osteoarthritic knee pain is not well understood.
the secondary objective was to measure the relative positions of the @number@ bony landmarks to better understand functional contributions to lld.
methods : a prospective single-occasion observational design was used.
results : of the @number@ participants who were recruited , @number@ were women and @number@ were men.
of the @number@ participants who reported having right knee pain , @number@ had a short right leg and @number@ had a short left leg.
knee pain was most severe in the short leg for @number@ of @number@ participants ( @percent@ ) .
in the present study population , the magnitude of lld ranged from @number@ to @number@ cm.
conclusion : osteoarthritic knee pain was more common in the apparent short leg.
it is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondria in mammalian cells play critical roles in the initiation and propagation of various signaling cascades.
each mammalian cell contains multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome ( mtdna ) .
reduction in mtdna copy number disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential ( δψm ) resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria.
background : tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway includes @number@ vitamin b-6 [ pyridoxal @number@'-phosphate ( plp ) ] -dependent enzymes.
we recently showed that plasma 3-hydroxykynurenine ( hk ) was elevated at low plp concentrations.
objective : we further evaluated and characterized kynurenine-based indexes as possible markers of functional b-vitamin status in plasma.
partial spearman's correlation , generalized additive models , and receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analysis were used to assess associations of kynurenines with plp.
all associations were nonlinear , with the strongest relation at low plp.
whereas hk was associated with kidney function and several inflammatory markers , such associations were abolished or attenuated for the ratios.
background : growth failure is associated with adverse consequences , but studies need to control adequately for confounding.
design : in 2002-2004 , we collected data from @number@ guatemalan adults ( aged 25-42 y ) who were studied as children in 1969-1977.
we used instrumental variable regression to correct for estimation bias and adjusted for potentially confounding factors.
for women , stunting was associated with a lower age at first birth and higher number of pregnancies and children.
there was little relation between either haz or stunting and adult health.
conclusion : growth failure in early life has profound adverse consequences over the life course on human , social , and economic capital.
background : because of the aging working population and the increasing age of retirement the number of workers with chronic illnesses and disabilities is growing.
it is important that workers with health complaints receive efficient health care in order to remain fully or at least partly productive.
objective : to explore workers ' opinions about the effectiveness of contact with health care providers in shortening sickness absence duration.
methods : data come from a four-wave study from @number@ to @number@ among dutch workers ( n = 1 , 424 ) .
the effectiveness of the health care providers ' treatment was associated with the cause of sickness absence.
conclusions : health care providers differ in their potential to shorten sickness absence duration.
health care providers can further reduce sickness absence and health care costs by providing the proper treatment and by reducing waiting times.
background : the work ability model has a holistic structure that incorporates individual characteristics , work-related factors and life outside of work.
the model has been explored in the context of finland but still needs to be applied in other countries.
method : a sample of @number@ workers answered a web-survey questionnaire that collected information about socio-demographics , health , work characteristics and work ability.
structural equation modeling ( sem ) was used to examine the simultaneous relationships between the variables that comprise the work ability model.
sem produced good fit indexes that supported the work ability model.
age was positively related to work ability and negatively related to health.
health and work characteristics positively influenced work ability.
health care stakeholders wish older adults to take more control of their health to delay the onset of age-related disabilities and chronic diseases.
engaging older adults in their health care decision making would cut down health care costs and prepare a health care system to be more sustainable.
objective : we used the human-centered design approach to propose a prototype that more effectively engages older adults in their health care decision-making.
the participants interviewed a total of four subjects in their respective countries.
this study used the human-centered design approach , which embraced three main phases - observation , identification , and ideation.
each phase involved brainstorming , voting , and consensus among participants.
results : this study derived @number@ insights , @number@ categories , @number@ themes , a conceptual framework , some potential solutions , and a prototype.
a ' gradual change management plan ' could assist older adults to adopt technologies more effectively.
the health care products and services should be centered on the needs of older adults.
objective : this study examined work status and musculoskeletal discomfort ( msd ) amongst older albertans.
methods : @number@ albertans aged @number@ years and older participating in an organized ' games ' received a research package.
results : @number@ respondents were classified into one of three employment trajectory groups : fully retired , fully employed , or bridge employed.
groups differed in age , and both employed groups more frequently reported msds in all body areas.
bridge employed reported increased ' occasional ' frequency of musculoskeletal injury risk factors , while both groups reported similar overall ratings of work-related exertion.
conclusions : the increased msds reported by bridge employed adults may be the result of irregularity of work activity and soft tissue loading.
detailed examination of work demands and musculoskeletal injuries amongst bridge employed adults could help define safer levels for less regular work activity.
quantitative transverse relaxation rates in normal aging brain are essential to investigate pathologies associated with iron accumulation and tissue degeneration.
since absolute values depend on imaging methods and magnetic field strengths , continuous evaluation of specific reference values remains requisite.
representative regions-of-interest ( rois ) were determined automatically in gray matter ( gm ) and white matter ( wm ) on t1-weighted scans.
r2 decreased with age for the majority of rois , but increased for putamen , head of caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens.
r2 and r2 ' increased with age in deep gm structures except for the thalamus.
r2 and r2 ' showed a distinct dependency on fiber orientation in exemplary wm regions.
linear and non-linear curve fitting of r2 ' vs. r2 in phantoms revealed increased slopes with increasing particle size.
decreased r2 with age may reflect physiological tissue degeneration , whereas increased r2 and r2 ' with age most likely denote physiological iron accumulation.
since r2 and r2 ' depend on the fiber orientation , their feasibility to estimate iron content in wm is challenging.
the analysis of r2 ' related to r2 may provide valuable information about the size of iron deposits.
background : the worldwide population is ageing.
one expected consequence of this is an increase in morbidity and an associated increased demand for long-term care.
physical rehabilitation is beneficial in older people , but relatively little is known about effects in residents of long-term care facilities.
objective : to examine the effects of physical rehabilitation on activities of daily living ( adl ) in elderly residents of long-term care facilities.
methods : systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
two researchers independently screened papers and extracted data.
outcomes of included studies were combined in a standardised mean difference random-effects meta-analysis.
results : thirteen of @number@ studies identified were included in the meta-analysis.
independence in adl was improved by @number@ standard units ( @percent@ ci : @number@ @date@ ; p = @number@ ) .
this is equivalent to @number@ points on the barthel index ( 0-20 scale ) .
no significant differences in effect were found based on participant or intervention characteristics.
larger sample size and low attrition were associated with smaller estimates of effect.
all studies were assessed to be at risk of bias.
conclusions : physical rehabilitation may improve independence for elderly long-term care facility residents , but mean effects are small.
it is unclear which interventions are most appropriate.
advancing age is associated with cognitive and motor performance deficits and a reduced capacity for plasticity.
zimerman and colleagues ( zimerman m , nitsch m , giraux p , gerloff c , cohen lg , hummel fc.
the work is of high clinical importance given the rapidly growing ageing population and the accompanying costs to health systems globally.
background : frailty is a health condition related to aging and dependence.
a reduction in or delay of the frailty state can improve the quality of life of the elderly.
however , providing frailty assessments can be difficult because many factors must be taken into account.
usually , measurement of these factors is performed in a noncentralized manner.
objective : to develop a centralized mobile system to conduct elderly frailty assessments in an accurate and objective way using mobile phone capabilities.
results : we developed a general mechanism to assess the frailty state of a group of elders by using mobile devices as supporting tools.
frailty risk factors for each patient were collected at three different times over the period of a year.
in the first study , data from the group of patients were used to determine the frailty state of a new incoming patient.
the results were valuable for determining the degree of frailty of a specific patient in relation to other patients in an elderly population.
the most representative similarity degrees were between @percent@ and @percent@ considering @number@ frailty factors from @number@ patient instances.
additionally , from the provided results , a physician could group the elders by their degree of similarity influencing their care and treatment.
data were acquired at three different times , corresponding to three assessments : initial , spontaneous , and after protein supplementation.
conclusions : the problem of creating a general frailty index is still unsolved.
however , in recent years , there has been an increase in the amount of research on this subject.
objectives : to determine predictors of repeat health service use in older veterans treated and released from the emergency department ( ed ) .
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : veterans affairs medical center ( vamc ) eds.
conclusion : a substantial proportion of older veterans treated and released from a vamc ed returned to the ed or were hospitalized within @number@ days.
intervening with high-risk older veterans after an ed visit may reduce unscheduled healthcare use.
research shows that elderly patients are fully capable of benefiting from psychotherapy , and often prefer this non-pharmacological treatment option.
further , there is consensus among geriatric clinicians and researchers that a group format for psychotherapy is likely especially helpful for the elderly.
we present two cases of prototypical patients benefiting from the program , and also provide preliminary empirical support for the effectiveness of this group program.
degenerative skeletal disorders are common and serious problems worldwide , especially in aging populations.
this review focuses on genetic studies of two representative degenerative skeletal disorders : osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease.
genetic studies of these two diseases share common features and face similar problems , although their current statuses are very different.
the values of arterial blood pressure according to the yakutsk population screening at the age of @number@ and older have been studied.
long-living persons show its decrease that is more marked in men.
significant interpopulation and sex-specific longevity differences among human populations appear enigmatic biodemographic phenomenon.
sr rate also manifested significant variations ( from @number@ up to @number@ ) .
evidently population studied differed on concentration of genes responsible for significant ls and sr differences.
stress temperature maintenance ( @number@ degrees c ) twice as decreased the longevity of all studied stocks however remaining interstock ls ranges.
at the same time the action of genes which induced in optimal conditions sr differences was partly suppressed under stress conditions.
kinetic theory of aging of living systems is proposed.
kinetic theory assumes critical phenomenon : failure of adaptation when intensity of env impact becomes higher some critical level.
the authors propose a mathematical model of the influence of the environment on the aging of living systems.
this model is based on the concept of continuous adaptation to the environment of biosystems from the moment of its birth.
the influence of the environment is taken into account by the parameters of the model , in the general case , depending on the time.
the model reflects the provisions of thermodynamics , gerontology and typical results observed in medical experiments.
the review contains different aspects indicating the participation of cytokines in aging-associated diseases.
it is established that short peptides realize their geroprotective effect by changing gene expression of immune and proinflammatory cytokines and g-interferon.
special attention is given to the analysis of the use of peptide bioregulators as geroprotectors.
at present @number@ drugs and over @number@ peptide bioregulators are widely used for prevention and treatment of many diseases.
@number@ new peptide preparations revealing geroprotective properties are submitted to the russian health ministry to be registered as drugs.
after starting anticoagulation , the 3-year survival in @number@ patients with baseline mpap < 33mmhg was @percent@.
in these patients pasp decreased < @number@ mmhg after @number@ and @number@ year in seven , nine and in all but one patient , respectively.
nyha class improved in @number@ patients and trend to increase number of mets during exercise test ( p = @number@ ) was found.
the survival rate for @number@ patients with mpap > @number@ mmhg was respectively @percent@ , @percent@ and @percent@.
@number@ patients with mpap > @number@ mmhg died before @number@ year of follow-up.
we will discuss how a good palliative care can be an alternative to these ethical dilemmas.
attention to psychosocial issues demands involvement of the patients and their families as partners.
physicians should be sensitive to the range of psychosocial distress and social disruption common to dying patients and their families.
spiritual issues often come to the fore.
an interdisciplinary healthcare team can help in these areas.
this article introduces palliative care to cancer patients in middle eastern countries.
it considers the importance of the multidisciplinary team in providing an adequate service to the patient and his / her family.
working directly with patients and families ; @number@
this article also details the challenges that nurses face in the middle east and outlines the preferable ways to overcome such challenges.
the latter include more focused educational activities at the undergraduate and graduate levels and continuous clinical training throughout their work as palliative care nurse specialists.
aging is associated with polymorbidity and polypharmacy.
in older cancer patients , polypharmacy is at least as common as it is in individuals of the same age without cancer.
the management of cancer itself may result in the addition of more medications to counteract the adverse effects of antineoplastic treatment.
polypharmacy is also associated with increased cost.
oncologists need excellent communication skills to effectively handle challenging conversations regarding prognosis , transition to palliative care , code status , and other sensitive topics.
conversations about sensitive topics can be particularly challenging with geriatric patients , who experience functional and sensory limitations.
the risk-benefit ratio of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions tips precariously in older patients as many develop geriatric syndromes.
older cancer patients have the unique perspective of looking back on a long life and looking forward to impending death.
higher order skills can be very powerful in helping geriatric cancer patients find meaning and dignity at the end of life.
these skills include exploring spirituality and coping strategies and engaging the patient in conversation and reflection about their legacy.
we reviewed the literature to find some practical advice for health care professionals to do symptom assessments in routine practice.
patients and methods : systematic and directed literature review.
results : the available symptom assessment tools are useable , well validated , and in common use but not in the older patient population.
data are not sufficient to choose one tool over another , but all of them work and can uncover symptoms that can be fixed.
we believe that it is important to have predetermined best practices for preventing and fixing common symptoms.
conclusion : symptom assessments and geriatric assessments are useful tools in everyday practice.
these developments represent huge challenges to national and community-based health services.
objective : to establish a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) database of whole spine of healthy chinese adolescents.
results : mean values of cervical ap and ts were @number@ mm and @time@ mm , respectively.
the mean level of cerebellar tonsillar related to bo line was @number@ mm.
mean level of conus medullaris located in l1 lower @date@ .
conclusion : mri is a useful tool for assessment of the whole spine.
background and aims : vision is an important prerequisite for balance control and mobility.
the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between functional vision and balance and mobility performance in a community-based sample of older adults.
methods : this study is part of a geriatric multidisciplinary strategy for the good care of the elderly project ( gems ) .
in the analysis , participants were classified into poor , moderate , or good functional vision groups.
participants with poor functional vision performed worse on all balance and mobility tests.
conclusion : poor functional vision is related to weaker balance and mobility performance in community-dwelling older adults.
this highlights the importance of widespread assessment of health , including functional vision , to prevent balance impairment and maintain independent mobility among older population.
objective : the aim of this study was to compare the frequency and type of drps identified by several prescribing criteria.
additionally , original pharmacist drp findings were compared with drps identified using the prescribing criteria.
the criteria were applied to medication reviews of @number@ ambulatory older australian patients.
drps identified by each set of criteria were recorded.
the various types of drps identified by all of the three prescribing criteria were represented by @number@ different terms.
when constrained to the same @number@ different terms , pharmacists identified @number@ drps.
conclusion : each set of criteria displayed relevance through mutual agreement of known high-risk medication classes in older people.
the number and scope of drps identified by pharmacists was best represented by stopp / start.
the application of stopp / start may be further augmented with relevant criteria from piea and beers.
background : increased oxycodone use has been associated with adverse drug events , non-medical use and overdose deaths.
methods : a retrospective study was conducted using the australian government department of veterans ' affairs administrative claims database.
thirty-four percent and @number@ % of those in community settings and racfs , respectively , were not dispensed other analgesics in the previous @number@ months.
co-morbidity had little impact on prior analgesic use.
conclusions : oxycodone is frequently initiated for non-cancer pain without first trialing other analgesics.
studies in which ld was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry or by abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan only , were included.
we were unable to identify studies depicting a negative impact of drugs or arv regimens on limb fat loss.
on the contrary , a few studies identified a negative impact of atazanavir / ritonavir or darunavir / ritonavir on trunk fat increase.
it should be noted that this anthropometric measure is a poor instrument since it cannot distinguish between subcutaneous and visceral fat.
despite this , there has been a steady decrease in the use of living-donor kt for pediatric recipients.
due to their young age at transplantation , most pediatric recipients eventually require retransplantation , and the optimal order of donor type is not clear.
cumulative graft life of two transplants was similar regardless of the order of deceased-donor and living-donor transplantation.
deregulated β-adrenoceptor / camp-pka pathway is implicated in a range of human diseases , such as neuronal loss during aging , cardiomyopathy and septic shock.
the molecular mechanism of this process is , however , only poorly understood.
induction of bim is driven by the transcriptional co-activator cbp ( creb binding protein ) together with the proto-oncogene c-myc.
however since cbp is a co-factor for multiple transcription factors , bh-3 only proteins other than bim could also contribute to this apoptosis pathway.
here we provide evidence for the involvement of p53-cbp axis in apoptosis through puma / noxa induction , in response to β-adrenoceptor activation.
our findings highlight the molecular complexity of pathophysiology associated with a deregulated neuro-endocrine system and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
phase angle is a composite measure of tissue resistance and reactance measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ) .
whether phase angle is associated with frailty and mortality in the general population is unknown.
objective : to evaluate associations among phase angle , frailty and mortality.
design : population-based survey.
setting : third national health and nutritional examination survey ( 1988-1994 ) .
participants : in all , @number@ persons aged @number@ and older.
measurements : frailty was defined according to a set of criteria derived from a definition previously described and validated.
narrow phase angle was significantly associated with mortality even among participants with little or no comorbidity.
limitations : analyses of bia and frailty were cross-sectional ; bia was not measured serially and incident frailty during follow-up was not assessed.
participants examined at home were excluded from analysis because they did not undergo bia.
conclusions : narrow phase angle is associated with frailty and mortality independent of age and comorbidity.
two or more cardiovascular risk factors were reported by @percent@ of survivors and @percent@ of siblings.
the risk for each cardiac event increased with increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors ( all p ( trend ) < @number@ ) .
hypertension was independently associated with risk of cardiac death ( rr , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a common metabolic and reproductive disorder in women.
an increased cardiovascular risk has to be anticipated in pcos as it is a metabolically unstable condition.
among cardiovascular risk factors , dyslipidemia is certainly the most persistent and highly prevalent.
predominant observation is an elevation of ldl cholesterol in all pcos patients.
pcos is associated with oxidative stress , namely increased production of free radicals followed by decreased serum antioxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activity.
broad range of endocrine and metabolic disturbances like obesity , hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia might be responsible for pcos-associated oxidative stress.
therapeutic interventions in pcos women based on lifestyle modification as well as use of insulin sensitizers did not show significant effect on dyslipidemia.
background : dietary supplements are used by one-third of children.
most children ( ~90% ) who use dietary supplements use a multivitamin-mineral or multivitamin product.
supplement users tend to be non-hispanic white , have higher family incomes , report more physical activity , and have health insurance.
only a small group of supplements used by children ( @percent@ ) were based on the recommendation of a physician or other health care provider.
conclusion : most supplements used by children are not under the recommendation of a health care provider.
the most common reasons for use of supplements in children are for health promotion , yet little scientific data support this notion in nutrient-replete children.
we designed this study to determine whether physical activity is associated with healthy ageing in later life.
methods : we recruited a community-representative sample of @number@ @number@ men aged 65-83 years and followed them for 10-13 years.
we assessed physical activity at the beginning and the end of the follow-up period.
participants who reported @number@ min or more of vigorous physical activity per week were considered physically active.
we monitored survival during the follow-up period and , at study exit , assessed the mood , cognition and functional status of survivors.
cox regression and general linear models were used to estimate hr of death and risk ratio ( rr ) of healthy ageing.
results : two thousand and fifty-eight ( @percent@ ) participants were physically active at study entry.
conclusions : sustained physical activity is associated with improved survival and healthy ageing in older men.
vigorous physical activity seems to promote healthy ageing and should be encouraged when safe and feasible.
natural ingredients are frequently used in an effort to address cosmetic concerns such as fine lines , wrinkles , uneven tone , and texture.
many of these ingredients found in nature possess potent antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties.
others , such as green tea , provide photoprotection against ultraviolet-induced dna damage.
the healing effects that wheat complex can have on damaged hair are also addressed.
telomere shortening and an altered expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos are among the key molecular mechanisms associated with photoaging and tumorigenesis.
skin biopsies were taken @number@ h after the last irradiation.
the degree of telomere shortening and c-fos gene expression were measured in all specimens.
background : mid-dermal injection of stabilized hyaluronic acid ( ha ) is well established as a treatment to reduce the effects of skin aging.
skin quality was assessed via blinded live evaluation and subject satisfaction by questionnaire.
aesthetic change was evaluated independently by the subject and a blinded evaluator.
subjects were followed up to week @number@
results : thirty subjects aged 40-65 years were enrolled.
overall skin quality across all three treatment areas was judged to be improved on the treated side in over @percent@ of subjects throughout the study.
significant aesthetic improvements on the treated sides were observed at all visits , with the exception of the décolletage at week @number@
oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies.
cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules , impacting proteins , lipids , rna and dna of cells.
at a cellular level , oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c , causing apoptosis.
additionally , the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
results : in total , @percent@ of elderly korean subjects had fear of falling.
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) , a marker of arterial stiffness , is an established independent cardiovascular risk factor.
little information is available on the pattern and determinants of the longitudinal change in pwv with aging.
such information is crucial to elucidating mechanisms underlying arterial stiffness and the design of interventions to retard it.
except for waist circumference in women , no other traditional cardiovascular risk factors predicted longitudinal pwv increase.
in conclusion , the steeper longitudinal increase of pwv in men than women led to the sex difference that expanded with advancing age.
age and sbp are the main longitudinal determinants of pwv , and the effect of sbp on pwv trajectories exists even in the prehypertensive range.
background : sun exposure is an important environmental factor affecting human beings.
the metalloproteinase-1 ( mmp-1 ) expression was used as a surrogate marker for dermal aging and the involved regulatory mechanisms were explored.
results : both treatment conditions did not affect viability but significantly increased the expressions of mmp-1.
pretreating fibroblasts with antioxidant abrogated the ssr-induced mmp-1 but has limited effect on heat-induced mmp-1.
on the other hand , trpv-1 antagonist pretreatment reduced heat-induced mmp-1 in fibroblasts but not their ssr-treated counterparts.
conclusion : both ssr and heat induced mmp-1 expression in dermal fibroblasts but through different pathways.
mitochondria are dynamic organelles surrounded by two membranes with a defined lipid composition.
extensive exchange of lipids and their precursors occurs between the er and mitochondria as well as between mitochondrial membranes.
here , we summarize the current understanding of lipid trafficking at the mitochondria and discuss emerging models for the mechanisms of lipid transfer.
methods and results : characteristics and vital status of all french participants in the tour de france were collected for the 1947-2012 period.
causes of death were obtained from @number@
among the @number@ french cyclists who participated at least once between @number@ and @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) died by @date@ .
neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases accounted for @percent@ of deaths.
conclusion : we observed a substantially and significantly lower mortality in participants in the tour de france , compared with the general male population.
chronic pain is increasingly recognized as a disease and accounts for substantial suffering and disability worldwide.
this review highlights a number of potential pitfalls that should be considered when delivering valued pain relief medicines tailored for the elderly.
dietary guidelines and recommendations are outlined , current controversies regarding the evidence are discussed , and recommendations are made on the basis of the evidence.
designed search strategies were used to search various databases for available studies.
fifty-two publications from @date@ , to @date@ , were identified for inclusion.
conversely , dietary potassium intake attenuates these effects , showing a linkage to reduction in stroke rates and cardiovascular disease risk.
a health promotion programme focusing on the meaning of everyday activities was implemented and evaluated to test its usefulness for community-dwelling seniors in the netherlands.
a responsive evaluation methodology was followed to foster reflexive learning in and among stakeholders as the basis for programme contextualization.
the evaluation consisted of three phases.
outcomes of former phases served as input for subsequent phases.
methods included interviews and focus groups with seniors and professionals.
open and selective coding techniques were used to analyse the interactively derived data.
a. small group of women was interested and followed the programme.
adaptation requires intensive collaboration with participants and cultural brokers in the community.
design : longitudinal.
setting : new haven , connecticut.
participants : four hundred thirty older drivers , mean age @number@ recruited from clinic and community sites.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : community.
intervention : twenty-four weeks of a twice-weekly community-based mts program in combination with a standardized multicomponent exercise program.
considering the less-frequent fall rate in the follow-up assessment , these improvements could contribute to preventing falls in community-dwelling older adults.
design : single-blind block-randomized controlled trial stratified according to clinic site and health literacy status.
setting : three urban ambulatory care practices at boston medical center between @date@ and @date@ .
intervention participants were then given the opportunity to interact with the eca in a kiosk in their clinic waiting room for the following @number@ months.
control participants were given a control pedometer intervention that only tracked step counts for an equivalent period of time.
intervention participants were also provided with pedometers.
measurements : the primary outcome was average daily step count for the @number@ days before the 12-month interview.
secondary outcomes were average daily step count for the @number@ days before the 2-month interview.
outcomes were also stratified according to health literacy level.
intervention participants were highly satisfied with the program.
conclusion : an automated exercise promotion system deployed from outpatient clinics increased walking among older adults over the short-term.
effective methods for long-term maintenance of behavior change are needed.
there is an urgent need to translate science into practice and help enhance the capacity of professionals to deliver evidence-based programming.
our work aims to bridge the research-to-practice gap to meet the demands of an aging population.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : nhs in texas.
measurements : the care that residents received over successive 6-month periods was measured as a time-dependent covariate.
potentially avoidable hospitalizations and medicare costs were assessed over @number@ to @number@ months.
physician pcps who derived less than @percent@ of their medicare billings from nh residents cared for @percent@ of all nh residents.
most nh residents with apn or pa pcps had providers with @percent@ or more of medicare billings generated in nhs.
conclusion : the percentage of clinical effort that providers devote to nhs is associated with risk of avoidable hospitalization.
objectives : to examine predictors of mortality in aging mexican americans ( mas ) and european americans ( eas ) .
design : longitudinal , observational cohort study.
setting : socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in san antonio , texas.
measurements : ethnic group was classified using a validated algorithm.
results : at baseline , mas had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and frailty and lower socioeconomic status ( ses ) than eas.
after adjusting for ses , the ethnic hr was no longer significant ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.83-1.61 ) .
in the final model , comorbidity , diabetes mellitus with complications , depressive symptoms , and cognitive impairment were significant independent risk factors for mortality.
conclusion : contrary to the hispanic paradox , mas were at greater risk of mortality than eas.
ses differences largely explained this ethnic disparity.
significant independent predictors of mortality , regardless of ethnic group , were diabetes mellitus with complications , comorbidity , depressive symptoms , and cognitive impairment.
mortality reduction in older mas requires attention to socioeconomic disparities and disease factors.
objectives : to determine the effect of statins on cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults.
design : longitudinal.
setting : national institute of aging network of alzheimer's disease centers.
measurements : cognitive performance was assessed according to @number@ neuropsychological indices and the clinical dementia rating sum of boxes ( cdr-sob ) .
repeated-measures analyses adjusted for age , sex , education , comorbidities , and family history of dementia were conducted.
conclusion : elderly adults with normal cognition at baseline who used statins had a slower rate of annual worsening in cdr-sob than nonusers.
the population of the netherlands is aging , although it is still relatively young in comparison with the population of most other european countries.
research and education in the field of aging have grown rapidly over the past few decades , along with variety in research focus and methodology.
in addition , funding organizations nowadays stress the importance of participation of older adults in research studies and the usability of research findings to society.
hemichorea-hemiballism associated with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia is a rare dyskinetic syndrome during uncontrolled or undiagnosed diabetes.
we reported a 41-year-old man suffering from sudden choreodystonic movements and undiagnosed hyperglycaemia.
breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the most common cause of cancer death in elderly women.
chemoprevention with dietary compounds and their synthetic analogs has emerged as an attractive strategy to prevent carcinogenic progression to invasive cancer.
background : increasing age is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer.
the prostate is exposed to environmental and endogenous stress that may underlie this remarkable incidence.
dna methylation , genomic imprinting , and histone modifications are examples of epigenetic factors known to undergo change in the aging and cancerous prostate.
in this review we examine the data linking epigenetic alterations in the prostate with aging to cancer development.
methods : an online search of current and past peer reviewed literature on epigenetic changes with cancer and aging was performed.
relevant articles were analyzed.
results : epigenetic changes are responsible for modifying expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
several of these changes may represent a field defect that predisposes to cancer development.
a loss of genomic imprinting is responsible for biallelic expression of the well-known insulin-like growth factor @number@ ( igf2 ) gene.
histone modifications have the ability to dictate chromatin structure and direct gene expression.
conclusions : epigenetic changes with aging represent molecular mechanisms to explain the increased susceptibly of the prostate to develop cancer in older men.
these changes may provide an opportunity for diagnostic and chemopreventive strategies given the epigenome can be modified.
in recent years , the role of acetylation has gained ground as an essential modulator of intermediary metabolism in skeletal muscle.
our review will summarize the recent developments related to acetylation-dependent responses following metabolic stress in skeletal muscle.
the main hormetic agents identified so far are irradiation , heat , heavy metals , antibiotics , ethanol , pro-oxidants , exercise and food restriction.
the hormetic response involves the expression of genes that encode cytoprotective proteins such as chaperones like heat-shock proteins , antioxidant enzymes and growth factors.
while ccrcs have experienced significant growth over the last few decades , very little is known about the quality of care ccrcs provide.
this paper is the first to rigorously study ccrcs on a national scale and the only study that focuses on nursing home quality.
using a national sample from @number@ we determine if the quality of post-acute care provided by ccrc nursing homes is superior to traditional nursing homes.
the highest brominated , the decabromodiphenyl ether ( bde-209 ) remains in use and its adverse and persistent effects are subject to debate.
of special concern are developmental exposures that can disrupt later-in-life adult health or aging.
spatial reference memory was assessed in a morris water maze ( mwm ) task at @number@ and 12months of age.
the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) were determined in hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice at 5months of age.
mice carrying different apoe polymorphisms showed differences in the acquisition and retention of the spatial navigation task both at @number@ and 12months of age.
bdnf levels were lower in the frontal cortex of apoe4 mice and higher in the hippocampus of exposed mice , independent of the genotype.
the results of the present study provide evidence of long-lasting effects in spatial learning and memory after early exposure to bde-209.
developmental exposure to this neurotoxicant may contribute to cognitive decline and abnormal aging.
little is known about public attitudes towards age-stoppage policy.
objective : this study examined public attitudes to current stoppage policy , information preferences and intentions to request screening beyond the age of routine invitations.
results : the majority of respondents ( @percent@ ) did not agree with age-based stoppage policies.
a majority of participants ( @percent@ ) thought information on screening at older ages should come from their general practitioner ( gp ) .
primary care may play a role in negotiating a shared decision that is based on individual circumstances.
the presence of d-isomers is thought to result from the racemization of asp residues in the crystallins during aging.
promotion of the racemization of asp residues in peptides with a neighboring trp was much more significant than in those with tyr.
in particular , when trp was next to an asp residue on the c-terminal side of the peptide , the racemization reaction was accelerated.
the core observations come from @number@ studies with h.m. , an amnesic with cerebellar and hr damage but virtually no neocortical damage.
in all three experiments , h.m. detected reliably fewer errors than carefully matched memory-normal controls.
these theoretical principles also explain a wide range of other data on error detection and correction and generate new predictions for future test.
since there are few treatments against oxidative stress , so it is important to search further therapeutic agents.
cases of osteoporosis that have a specific cause are defined as secondary osteoporosis.
secondary osteoporosis may be caused by various diseases and drugs , malnutrition , and other factors.
as with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis , there is an increasing awareness that simultaneous management of osteoporosis is necessary when performing estrogen or androgen deprivation therapy.
pneumococcal disease has substantial incidence , morbidity and mortality in older adults.
decreased birth rates and longer lifespans indicate that the global population is aging , although rates of aging differ between countries [ @number@ ] .
globally and in the gulf region , pneumococcal disease is an increasingly important public health burden in the elderly.
the burden of pneumococcal disease can be reduced by effective vaccination programs , but the recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination in adults vary widely.
the major barriers to vaccine implementation among healthcare professionals are an incomplete awareness of pneumococcal disease and the vaccination options in adults.
the gulf advocate group recommends following the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) guidelines for pneumococcal vaccination [ @number@ ] .
muscle adaptations can be induced by high-resistance exercise.
despite being potentially more suitable for older adults , low-resistance exercise protocols have been less investigated.
we compared the effects of high- and low-resistance training on muscle volume , muscle strength , and force-velocity characteristics.
all protocols ended with muscle failure.
leg press and leg extension of 1rm were measured at baseline and post intervention and before the first training session in weeks @number@ and @number@
at baseline and post intervention , muscle volume ( mv ) was measured by ct-scan.
high and low + resulted in greater improvements in 1rm strength than low ( p < 0.05 ) .
these differences were already apparent after week @number@
no changes were reported in speed of movement.
high tended to improve pt ( dyn240°s ) ( @number@ ) more than low or low + ( p = 0.064 ) .
in conclusion , high- and low-resistance exercises ending with muscle failure may be similarly effective for hypertrophy.
higher bmi , wc , and whr were associated with larger wmhv and wc with brain infarcts , before adjusting for vascular risk factors only.
we used mr to investigate the inverse relationship between whr and gmv.
one valid instrumental variable was available in women only ( rs6905288 ) , which was associated with gmv ( p = @number@ ) .
age and bmi-adjusted effect estimates from the mr analysis confirmed the inverse association between gmv and whr and are in favor of a causal association.
in a blinded study of @number@ samples we show very high sensitivity and specificity are achievable using either ion torrent or miseq sequencing platforms.
modifications to the gene panel permit accurate detection of structural variation in app.
a large proportion ( 23 / 85 ) of samples showed genetic variants of uncertain significance in addition to known mutations.
based on the life stress paradigm , we predicted that higher levels of stress would allow apoe to influence positive and negative affect.
method : @number@ centenarians and near-centenarians ( @number@ years and older ) of the georgia centenarian study participated in this research.
blockwise multiple regressions indicated that the apoe ϵ4 predicted positive but not negative affect after controlling for demographics.
conclusion : apoe ϵ4 is directly related to positive affect and is related to negative affect in interaction with life events.
understanding the genetic basis of human longevity remains a challenge but could lead to life-extending interventions and better treatments for age-related diseases.
we describe here its content and interface , and discuss how it can help to unravel the genetics of human longevity.
potential therapeutic use of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells ( hadscs ) requires the production of large cell numbers by in vitro expansion.
however , long-term in vitro culture is associated with reduced stem cell characteristics and differentiation capability.
we investigated the proliferation rate and expression of p16 ( ink4a ) mrna , surface stem cell markers , and stem cell transcription factors.
the proliferation rate decreased significantly as passages increased , and the expression of p16 ( ink4a ) mrna significantly increased.
adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was also decreased at higher passages.
we then analyzed the transcriptional expression profiles of @number@ nuclear receptors at four different passages.
we found that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ( pparγ ) and thyroid hormone receptor trβ was significantly decreased at higher passages.
treatment with pparγ activators or overexpression of pparγ in hadscs at passage @number@ could recover @date@ expression levels and increase @date@ promoter activity.
pparγ inactivation by gw9662 inhibited the troglitazone-induced @date@ mrna expression.
furthermore , pparγ overexpression in hadsc at passage @number@ improved the differentiation potential to insulin-producing cells.
thyroid dysfunction is common in the general population especially in women.
all thyroid diseases are in fact more common in women than in men and may interfere with the reproductive system.
thyroid function and the gonadal axes are related throughout the woman's fertile period.
the relationship between the two glands is mutual.
in particular , thyroid hormones affect the reproductive function both directly and indirectly through several actions.
these changes are present in both sexes without distinction between males and females.
however , coronary atherosclerosis and osteoporosis may be aggravated in the presence of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
the effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on thyroxine requirements in women with hypothyroidism should be considered.
the implications of these results are discussed , and recommendations are provided.
in otherwise healthy adults , moderate aerobic exercise extends life span and likely health span by 2-6 years.
exercise improves blood sugar regulation , and resistance exercise increases or maintains muscle mass and is associated with improved cognitive function.
on the other hand , evidence for anti-oxidant supplements increasing longevity in humans is lacking.
alternately , other studies suggest that vitamin c has beneficial effects on exercise-associated dysfunction , inhibiting exercise-induced bronchioconstriction.
these data suggest that there are tradeoffs between potential benefits and harm from anti-oxidant dietary supplementation.
specific biomolecular interactions for each antioxidant also will be important.
omega-3 ( n-3 ) polyunsaturated fattty acids ( pufas ) have anti-inflammatory activity that is not mediated through direct ros inhibition.
however , another kind of tradeoff may exist with pufas , at least for men.
a recent large clinical trial demonstrates an association of omega-3 fatty acids blood levels with increased incidence of prostate cancer , especially aggressive prostate cancer.
together these results suggest that there are significant tradeoffs in the use of dietary supplementation for prevention and treatment of diseases associated with aging.
such tradeoffs may result from underlying intertwined homeostatic mechanisms.
for most individuals , moderate exercise is of significant benefit.
mesenchymal stem cells ( msc ) were isolated from human umbilical cord and cultured in vitro.
the morphological changes and nucleocytoplasmic ratio of msc were observed using giemsa staining.
msc of the 5th passage were selected as control group , and msc of the 13th passage were taken as senile group.
the degree of cell senescence was detected by aging cells in situ test kit.
cell counting kit-wst-8 was used to determine the proliferation of lymphocytes in mixed lymphocytes coculture system with different passages of msc.
the expression of immunomodulation-related genes was detected by rt-pcr.
the results showed that the length-breadth ratio of msc increased and nucleocytoplasmic ratio decreased along with the increasing of passages.
the senium degree of cells of the 13th passage was higher than that of the 5th passage cells.
the capacity of suppressing lymphocyte proliferation of the 13th passage msc was enhanced , compared with the 5th passage.
objective : this study investigated the long-term cytotoxic response of thermoplastic polyamide and conventional polymethyle metacrylate ( pmma ) denture base materials.
cytotoxicity was assessed with the direct cell contact method using cell viability and neutral red ( nr ) uptake assay.
results : there were no significantly difference among the materials and control groups after initial , @number@ h and @number@ week testing.
in @number@ h testing , only deflex was more toxic according to the control group ( p < @number@ ) .
after @number@ weeks of aging with artificial saliva , all materials were significantly cytotoxic when compared to the control group.
qc20 was more toxic than deflex and sc cold cure ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : cytotoxicity of all tested denture base materials increased significantly after the long-term aging.
therefore , long-term aging may be useful to determine a dental material's toxicity.
polyamide denture base material had a similar toxicity profile with conventional heat- and cold-cured pmma.
reports of age-related changes to medial prefrontal cortex ( mpfc ) activity during socio-cognitive tasks have shown both age-equivalence and under recruitment.
using fmri , participants intentionally formed impressions of positive and negative face-behavior pairs in anticipation of a memory task.
extending previous findings to a social task , valence-based reversals were present in dorsal and ventral mpfc , and posterior cingulate cortex.
younger adults elicited increased activity when forming negative impressions , while older adults had more recruitment when forming positive impressions.
this suggests an age-related shift toward emphasizing positive social information may be reflected in the recruitment of regions supporting forming impressions.
background : aortic wall strains are indicators of biomechanical changes of the aorta due to aging or progressing pathologies such as aortic aneurysm.
longitudinal and circumferential strains were computed offline with high spatial resolution using a customized commercial speckle-tracking software and finite element analysis.
indices for spatial heterogeneity and systolic dyssynchrony were determined for healthy abdominal aortas and abdominal aneurysms.
results : all examined aortic wall segments exhibited considerable heterogenous in-plane strain distributions.
higher spatial resolution of strain imaging resulted in the detection of significantly higher local peak strains ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
these data allow the definition of new indices by which the different biomechanical properties of healthy aortas and aortic aneurysms can be characterized.
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) has been demonstrated to be expressed in mature spermatozoa and correlated with sperm quality.
sperm concentration , total count and progressive motility were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis.
sperm morphology was analysed by modified papanicolaou staining.
sperm cftr expression was conducted by indirect immunofluorescence staining.
even though broader concepts of frailty include psychological characteristics , frailty is largely neglected in mental health care.
the aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence of physical frailty in depressed older patients and its potential overlap with depression criteria.
conclusion : a quarter of depressed older patients is physically frail , especially the most depressed group.
this cannot be explained by overlap in criteria and should be examined in future studies , primarily on its presumed clinical relevance.
asthma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population.
despite the rising incidence of asthma in people > 65 years of age , the diagnosis is frequently missed in this population.
this literature review addresses the current state of research in this area.
age-related changes influence the pathophysiology and role of allergy in elderly asthmatic patients.
specific obstacles encountered in caring for these patients are discussed.
asthma in the elderly and younger population are compared.
we conclude with a broad set of goals to guide future management driven by a multidiscipline approach.
objectives : depression in dementia is common , but the prevalence rates differ according to the populations studied and which diagnostic tools are being used.
method : the csdd was completed for @number@ patients on their first visit to a memory clinic or an outpatient clinic.
the prevalence of depression using three different cut-off points was calculated.
logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed.
results : half of the patients had dementia.
in the logistic regression analyses , younger age , adl dysfunction , and previous depression were significantly associated with higher csdd scores.
conclusion : we found that depressive symptoms are common among patients referred for a dementia assessment in specialist health care.
the strongest factors associated with depressive symptoms were younger age , adl impairment , and previous depression.
study objective : to investigate the facial cues by which one recognizes that someone is sleep deprived versus not sleep deprived.
design : experimental laboratory study.
setting : karolinska institutet , stockholm , sweden.
measurements : ratings of fatigue , fatigue-related cues , and sadness in facial photographs.
the ratings of fatigue were related to glazed eyes and to all the cues affected by sleep deprivation ( p < @number@ ) .
ratings of rash / eczema or tense lips were not significantly affected by sleep deprivation , nor associated with judgements of fatigue.
in addition , sleep-deprived individuals looked sadder than after normal sleep , and sadness was related to looking fatigued ( p < @number@ ) .
study objectives : growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbances precede by years the clinical onset of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
results : both psg and self-reported sleep measures confirmed that sleep is altered in patients with mci.
whereas subjective sleep responses predicted fragmentation of slow wave sleep ( sws ) in he individuals , this relationship was not evident in mci patients.
furthermore , patients with mci showed significant discrepancies in the estimation of sleep onset latency when compared with he subjects.
the cytokine ifn-α is secreted during viral infections and has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity and accelerate t cell differentiation in vivo.
however , the mechanism for this inhibition is not clear.
this was associated with increased activity of the repressor of htert transcription e2 transcription factor and decreased activation of nf-κb that promotes htert transcription.
however ifn-α did not affect the translocation of htert from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
ifn-α also inhibits akt kinase activation but increases p38 mapk activity , and both of these events have been shown previously to inhibit telomerase activity.
addition of birb796 , an inhibitor of p38 activity , to ifn-α-treated cells reversed , in part , the inhibition of telomerase by this cytokine.
therefore , ifn-α can inhibit the enzyme telomerase in cd8 ( + ) t cells by transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.
the concept of a \ "polypill \ " is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease.
yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise , a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution.
compared with drugs , exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects.
we summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive / therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
therefore , tavec seems a fitting , simple procedure with which to measure cognitive plasticity , and an effective indicator of impairment.
migraine undergoes both an evolving state in the formative years but also has a remitting state which bears resemblance to the former.
underlying genetics may contribute to the initiating sequence for these processes but the patient's lifetime environment may influence the expression of the disease.
these results suggest that enhanced bdnf signaling during learning may itself produce the cognitive benefits afforded by prior physical or mental activity.
sirtuin enzymes regulate metabolism and aging processes through deacetylation of acetyl-lysines in target proteins.
here we describe a peptide microarray system displaying @number@ human acetylation sites for the parallel characterisation of their modification by deacetylases.
the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone area and indices of carotid and peripheral atherosclerosis.
no association between ccsa / tcsa and atherosclerosis was observed in men.
in women the association between osteoporosis and carotid plaques likely reflects hormonal deprivation , whereas that between osteoporosis and pad seems multifactorial in origin.
we compared the use of cognitive and psychiatric medications in ftd and ad and evaluated the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and medication use.
bivariate statistics and logistic regressions were calculated to evaluate which demographic or npi subscale symptoms predicted medication use.
psychiatric medications were in greater use in ftd than in ad ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , respectively , p < 0.001 ) .
in ftd , cognitive medication use was associated with elevated npi elation scores and psychiatric medication use was associated with history of prior psychiatric disease.
off-label antipsychotics were used by @percent@ of patients with ad and @percent@ of patients with ftd.
conclusions : our results revealed significant off-label medication use in both ftd and ad.
a notable finding from this study was the lack of consistent relationships between medication use and neuropsychiatric symptoms across the @number@ illnesses.
new therapeutic approaches based on these pathophysiological mechanisms are warranted for the treatment of anorexia in cancer patients , especially elderly ones.
in recent years , uncontrolled manifold ( ucm ) analysis has emerged as an important method to study variability of human movements.
the current study investigated the upper extremity movements during typical assembly tasks using the framework of the ucm analysis.
younger and older participants performed machine-paced assembly tasks , while the kinematics of upper extremities were recorded using a motion tracking system.
the upper extremity was modeled as a @number@ degrees-of-freedom system.
the results indicated that v ucm were not significantly different for the older and younger groups.
therefore , the synergies of upper extremity movement may not be impaired for machine-paced tasks as people age.
the dual-task paradigm has previously been used to investigate the attentional demands associated with postural control.
previous studies have identified both the focus of attention and the difficulty of a postural task as potential factors influencing dual-task performance.
participants were instructed to focus on either their balance or their rt performance , depending on the testing session.
in contrast , sway area and medial-lateral sway velocity did not change between the two instructed focus sessions.
participants responded faster in all dual-task conditions when focusing on rt performance than on balance.
the present findings could have important implications for the interpretation of dual-task performance in both clinical and research settings.
introduction : in today's aging population , diminished bone quality often affects the outcome of surgical treatment.
this occurs especially when surgical implants must be fixed to bone , as it occurs when lumbar fusion is performed with pedicle screws.
besides polymethylmethacrylate ( pmma ) injection , several techniques have been developed to augment pedicle screws.
illuminoss™ is an innovative technology featuring cement with similar biochemical characteristics to aluminum-free glass-polyalkenoate cement ( gpc ) .
materials and methods : illuminoss™ was inserted transpedicularly via a balloon / catheter system in @number@ human cadaveric lumbar vertebrae.
for comparability , each vertebra was treated bilaterally with pedicle screws , augmented and non-augmented.
the maximum failure load during pull out test was documented by a universal material testing machine.
results : the results showed significantly higher failure loads for the augmented pedicle screws ( median @number@ ± @number@ n , min.
@number@ n , max.
@number@ n ) , compared to the native screws ( median @number@ ± @number@ n , min.
@number@ n , max.
@number@ n ) .
the illuminoss™ monomer offers ease of control for use in biological tissues.
in contrast to pmma , no relevant heat is generated during the hardening process and there is no risk of embolism.
further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of the illuminoss™ system in the in vivo augmentation of pedicle screws in the future.
we prospectively reviewed the records of @number@ patients who had sought evaluation at our hospital with a chief complaint of male climacteric symptoms.
laboratory and endocrinologic testing , including the free testosterone ( ft ) level , was performed with blood samples collected before @number@ : @number@ am.
to assess the effects of age and menopause , we evaluated retrospectively a therapeutic drug-monitoring database.
samples from @number@ women and @number@ men taking ltg and @number@ women and @number@ men taking oxc were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model.
we found no effect of perimenopausal age range on ltg and mhd clearance.
recovering interaction of endogenous rhythms from observations is challenging , especially if a mathematical model explaining the behaviour of the system is unknown.
we use this method to obtain the phase-coupling functions describing cardiorespiratory interactions and the phase response curve of @number@ healthy humans.
this non-invasive method for the determination of phase response curves of coupled oscillators may find application in many scientific disciplines.
recently , aging population and immuno-compromised patients have been rising in japan.
accordingly , patients with pyogenic spondylitis have been increasing and may present atypical clinical features.
university hospitals treat many elderly patients and patients with poor general condition.
therefore , patients with pyogenic spondylitis treated at two university hospitals were retrospectively investigated to clarify the recent clinical and radiologic characteristics of this infection.
there were @number@ patients ( average age : @number@ years ) treated in two university hospitals between @number@ and @number@
the onset was acute or subacute in @number@ patients , insidious in @number@ and unclassified in @number@
in conclusion , currently , about half of the patients with pyogenic spondylitis demonstrate atypical mri findings in the university hospitals in japan.
both sexes displayed a near-plateau in the %δ [ hhb ] which occurred at an exercise intensity near the respiratory compensation point.
accumulation of lamin a ( lmna ) was previously associated with the osteoarthritis ( oa ) chondrocyte phenotype.
mutations of this protein are linked to laminopathies and specifically to hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) , an accelerated aging disease.
some authors have proposed that a deregulation of lmna affects the differentiation potential of stem cells.
the chondrogenic potential is defective in pg-mscs , although both pg and lmna transduced mscs , have an increase in hypertrophy markers during chondrogenic differentiation.
finally , defects in chondrogenesis are partially reversed by periodic incubation with ros-scavenger agent that mimics mnsodm effect.
estrogen is a fundamental regulator of the metabolic system of the female brain and body.
within the brain , estrogen regulates glucose transport , aerobic glycolysis , and mitochondrial function to generate atp.
in the body , estrogen protects against adiposity , insulin resistance , and type ii diabetes , and regulates energy intake and expenditure.
during menopause , decline in circulating estrogen is coincident with decline in brain bioenergetics and shift towards a metabolically compromised phenotype.
compensatory bioenergetic adaptations , or lack thereof , to estrogen loss could determine risk of late-onset alzheimer's disease.
estrogen coordinates brain and body metabolism , such that peripheral metabolic state can indicate bioenergetic status of the brain.
biomarker profiles could identify women at risk while also serving as indicators of efficacy of hormone therapy or other preventative interventions.
data is analyzed with independent component analysis ( ica ) .
however at 9months the connectivity strength decreases within local networks and increases between more distant networks.
the connectivity within the default-mode network , which contains both local and more distant nodes , also increases in strength with age.
the low frequency power spectrum increases with age only in the posterior cingulate cortex and posterior default mode network.
age-related declines in relational encoding are well documented.
in contrast , hippocampal activity in both older and younger adults was greater in higher- relative to lower-association trials.
associations between gmv and diabetes complications were not significant.
conclusions : these findings extend the notion of accelerated brain aging in t1d to middle-aged adults.
humans and several non-human primates possess cortical regions that are most sensitive to vocalizations produced by their own kind ( conspecifics ) .
this article is part of a special issue entitled \ "communication sounds and the brain : new directions and perspectives \ ".
objective : to evaluate the effects of age on hip proprioception , and determine whether age-related hip proprioception declines disrupt balance.
design : survey of proprioception and balance differences between @number@ age groups.
setting : university balance laboratory.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : hip joint position sense ( jps ) and kinesthesia were measured using a custom-built device.
jps error was determined by the magnitude of matching errors during vision and no-vision conditions.
kinesthesia was evaluated by the ability to detect passive limb rotation without vision.
clinical balance and fear of falling were assessed with the mini-balance evaluation systems test ( mini-bestest ) and activities-specific balance confidence scale , respectively.
results : both older and mid-aged adults had significantly increased jps error compared with younger adults ( p < .05 ) .
kinesthesia accuracy was significantly decreased in older adults compared with mid-aged and younger adults ( p≤.01 ) .
both measures of proprioception error correlated with age ( p≤.001 ) .
there were no relationships between hip proprioception error and postural sway during static stance.
however , older adults with lower proprioceptive error had significantly higher mini-bestest scores of dynamic balance abilities ( p = .005 ) .
conclusions : these results provide evidence of significant hip proprioception declines with age.
hiv-infected individuals have an increased risk of age-related morbidity despite antiretroviral treatment ( art ) .
several anatomic and functional ophthalmological parameters are associated with increasing chronological age.
these may , therefore , potentially serve as biomarkers of ageing.
all ocular parameters , telomere length and frailty were associated with chronological age , whereas cdkn2a expression was not.
design : two controlled observational studies.
setting : a neurorehabilitation center and a dental school.
in study @number@ healthy elderly persons ( n = 16 ) and healthy young persons ( n = 16 ) volunteered.
intervention : in study @number@ and study @number@ the tongue training lasted @number@ and @number@ minutes , respectively.
participants were instructed to play a computer game with the tongue using tds.
main outcome measures : motor performance was compared between groups in both studies.
correlation analyses were performed between age and relative improvement in performance.
subject-based reports of motivation , fun , pain , and fatigue evaluated on 0-to-10 numeric rating scales were compared between groups.
there was a significant negative correlation between age and relative improvement in performance ( δ = -.450 ; p = .009 ) .
conclusions : the present study provides evidence that tongue disability and age can influence behavioral measures of tongue motor performance.
tds may be a new adjunctive neurorehabilitation regimen in treating tongue-disabled patients.
a major goal of aging research is to identify early markers of age-related cognitive decline.
erps were recorded in response to unfamiliar urban and nature scenes , with some images presented once and others repeated multiple times.
within @number@ to @number@ milliseconds after stimulus onset , repeated stimuli elicited more positive amplitudes in younger participants , indicating stimilus recognition.
erps of older adults did not show such increases , suggesting reduced memory functioning.
erp indices were unrelated to participants ' intellectual functioning , but did correlate with age and caregiver-reported lethargy / withdrawal behaviors.
the human ccaat / enhancer-binding protein ( cebp ) delta ( cebpd ) is known to be induced in many inflammation-related diseases.
in alzheimer's disease , this protein is responsive to amyloid-β and proinflammatory cytokines in astrocytes.
however , the functional role of cebpd in astrocytes remains largely unclear.
cebpd in astrocytes is associated with microglia activation and migration in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice ( apptg ) mice.
design : prospective , longitudinal study.
participants : a total of @number@ eyes of @number@ patients with glaucoma and @number@ eyes of @number@ normal individuals.
the survival probability was evaluated with the kaplan-meier estimator , and the agreement of progression detection among the structural parameters was calculated with kappa statistics.
main outcome measures : detection of glaucoma progression and survival probability of macular and rnfl parameters.
the survival probability of gcipl and ir thicknesses were significantly worse compared with circumpapillary rnfl thickness ( p ≤ @number@ ) .
conclusions : age-related change of macular and circumpapillary rnfl measurements can be detected in normal eyes and can affect the analysis of glaucoma progression.
the impact is more substantial in analyzing macular progression than circumpapillary rnfl progression.
design : population-based , prospective cohort study.
participants with uncorrected binocular nva ≤20 / 40 were tested with plus sphere lenses to obtain best-corrected binocular nva.
results : among @number@ @number@ baseline participants , @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) attended the follow-up examination.
the prevalence of correctable nvi increased with age from @number@ to 50-60 years and then decreased at all sites.
introduction : erogenous zones have paradoxical response properties , producing erotic feelings from body surfaces distant from the genitalia.
results : ratings for the feet were surprisingly low.
multiple regression and factor analysis investigated whether body parts nearby in s1 were significantly correlated.
the consistency across demographic variables is open to multiple interpretations.
hrqol was measured with the sf-12 and ls with the life satisfaction index a ( lsi-a ) .
the differences in mean scores between fallers at baseline ( n = 113 ) and non-fallers were statistical analyzed.
furthermore , the prediction of falls on the outcomes was analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for multiple confounding factors.
in conclusion , falls predict a long-term reduction in the physical component of hrqol in the general elderly population.
over six years , fallers had a notable chronic lowered score in both hrqol and ls , compared to non-fallers.
this long-term depression of elderly fallers in these aspects may be more extent than previous assumed.
in southern / eastern europe , frailty index scores did not differ between groups ( p = 0.2 ) .
despite differences in frailty , survival did not differ between groups ( p = 0.2 ) .
lmic-born immigrants demonstrated higher levels of frailty in northern / western europe , but not southern / eastern europe.
country of birth and current country of residence were each associated with frailty.
life course influences are demonstrable , but complex.
despite medical progress , high morbidity and mortality rates have persisted in patients with end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
the role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease of klotho , an aging process-related gene , has been highlighted.
genetic variation in klotho has been reported to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.
@number@ patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than @number@ months at dialysis facilities affiliated with the western dialysis physician association were enrolled in @date@ .
patient survival was checked annually until @date@ .
genotypings of klotho in terms of g395a in the promoter region , c1818t in exon @number@ and kl-vs was performed.
@number@ deaths ( @percent@ ) occurred over @number@ years.
the a allele of the g395a polymorphism of klotho may be associated with the risk of mortality in korean hemodialysis patients.
age , hemoglobin , albumin and hdlc were also significant prognostic factors for survival in the present study.
current body mass index ( bmi ) strata likely misrepresent the accuracy of true adiposity in older adults.
subjects with normal bmi with elevated body fat may metabolically have higher cardiovascular and overall mortality than previously suspected.
we compared overall and cardiovascular mortality rates , models adjusted for age , gender , smoking , race , diabetes , and bmi.
prevalence of nwo was @percent@ and @percent@ in men and @percent@ and @percent@ in women using tertiles and cutoffs , respectively.
subjects with nwo had higher rates of abnormal cardiovascular risk factors.
lean mass decreased , whereas leptin increased with increasing tertile.
there were no gender-specific differences in overall mortality.
short-term mortality ( < 140 person-months ) was higher in women , whereas long-term mortality ( > 140 person-months ) was higher in men.
we highlight the importance of considering body fat in gender-specific risk stratification in older adults with normal weight.
the prevalence of aortic stenosis is increasing with aging population.
we report first indian experience of core valve ( medtronic inc. ) implantation in three high surgical risk patients performed on 22nd and @date@ .
accurate measurement of repertoire diversity remains an experimental challenge.
a formal cognitive assessment and history of acute onset of symptoms are necessary for diagnosis.
in view of the complex multifactorial causes of delirium , multicomponent non-pharmacological risk factor approaches are the most effective strategy for prevention.
no convincing evidence shows that pharmacological prevention or treatment is effective.
drug reduction for sedation and analgesia and non-pharmacological approaches are recommended.
as a potent indicator of patients ' safety , delirium provides a target for system-wide process improvements.
lifetime sa was reported by @percent@ of respondents.
interventions designed to mitigate psychological distress and physical difficulties , and to promote social connectedness may help mitigate suicidality risk in this population.
clinical , genetic , and pathological findings suggest a close relationship between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) .
we studied the patterns of cortical atrophy across the spectrum between als and als-ftd.
a surface-based morphometry analysis based on an age- and sex-matched sample of @number@ als patients and @number@ healthy control subjects ( hc ) was conducted.
als-ftd patients showed cortical thinning in regions including the frontal and temporal gyri and the posterior cingulate cortex.
cognitively impaired als patients showed cortical thinning in regions largely overlapping with those found in als-ftd , but changes were less widespread.
in conclusion , the cognitive status of als subjects is associated with different patterns of cortical atrophy.
atrophy of the medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) and basal ganglia ( bg ) are characteristic of various neurodegenerative diseases in older people.
a fully automated segmentation pipeline estimated volumes of the mtl and bg from whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging performed at baseline and @number@ years later.
design : an epidemiological study of generational effects in three age cohorts.
the same test procedures using pure-tone audiometry and a short questionnaire were applied to the three cohorts of 75-year old residents in the same city.
results : the hearing was essentially unchanged during the span of the investigation-almost three decades.
low-frequency hearing was up to about @number@ db poorer in the most recently studied cohort compared to the previously studied cohorts.
the reason for this difference is considered to depend on methodological factors.
self-assessed hearing and tinnitus was mainly unchanged , or had minor changes both to the better and to the worse.
aim : in normal aging , subjective cognitive decline ( scd ) might reflect personality traits or affective states rather than objective cognitive decline.
however , little is known on the correlates of scd in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
methods : a total of @number@ patients with mci and @number@ healthy older adults were recruited.
standard instruments were used to evaluate scd , episodic memory , bps and affective states.
premorbid and current personality traits were assessed by proxies using the neo personality inventory revised.
results : patients with mci generally reported scd more often than healthy older adults.
scd was positively associated with depressive symptoms in both groups.
no significant association was found between scd and episodic memory.
conclusions : scd is more prevalent in patients with mci than in the healthy elderly , but it does not reflect an objective cognitive impairment.
scd rather echoes depressive symptoms in both patients with mci and healthy subjects.
rationale : the aging population may strain intensive care unit ( icu ) capacity and adversely affect patient outcomes.
existing fluctuations in demand for icu care offer an opportunity to explore such relationships.
methods : retrospective cohort study of @number@ patients admitted to @number@ u.s. icus from @number@ to @number@
measurements and main results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients died in the hospital.
the relationship between census and mortality was stronger when the census was composed of higher acuity patients ( interaction p value < @number@ ) .
although closed icus may promote favorable outcomes under static conditions , they are susceptible to being overwhelmed by patient influxes.
weakening of the chaperone defense with age probably contributes to the frailty in senescence.
however , little is known about the rate at which balance declines with age.
method : sb and db were determined in @number@ older women.
intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) were used to determine test-retest reliability.
sway velocity was used to measure sb standing on a platform and foam with eyes open and closed.
results : icc for exe and mxe for the los test were excellent ( epe = @number@ mxe = @number@ ) .
the rate of decline for both db and sb was approximately @percent@ per year.
age was significantly associated with all balance measures.
db got significantly lower with advancing age until @number@ years , and then plateaued.
sb did not decline with age until @number@ years , and then decreased significantly thereafter.
society places great emphasis on the presence of hair.
furthermore , upon discontinuing treatment , any gain that has been achieved is quickly lost.
moreover , some other alterations of this most popular state of the art hair restoration technique have been mentioned briefly.
the development of presbycusis , or age-related hearing loss , is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
the auditory periphery exhibits a progressive bilateral , symmetrical reduction of auditory sensitivity to sound from high to low frequencies.
however , the originating signals that trigger these mechanisms remain unclear.
for instance , it is still unknown whether insulin is involved in auditory aging.
however , despite recent improvements in the application of these markers , they remain under-utilized in clinical practice.
the application of antisenescent approaches to the prevention of auditory aging has produced inconsistent results.
future research will focus on the identification of markers for the diagnosis of preclinical auditory aging and the development of effective interventions.
aim : primitive reflexes can reappear with diseases of the brain , particularly those affecting the frontal lobes.
most studies on primitive reflexes have reported an association between such reflexes and brain damage , and the clinical symptoms of dementia.
these reflexes can also be present during eating ; however , their effects on eating function are difficult to evaluate.
methods : we followed @number@ nursing home residents for @number@ months.
all patients required long-term care and were examined for the presence of a sucking reflex , snout reflex and phasic bite reflex for baseline measures.
one or more of these reflexes was identified in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
a relationship between the presence of a primitive reflex and nutritional status was shown.
an association with the presence of these reflexes and the development of aspiration pneumonia during @number@ months was also confirmed.
conclusions : the appearance of primitive reflexes appears to be associated with the risk of malnutrition and developing aspiration pneumonia.
work over the last decade established multiple biological regulatory roles of h2 s , as an endogenous gaseous transmitter.
h2 s is produced by cystathionine γ-lyase ( cse ) , cystathionine β-synthase ( cbs ) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase ( 3-mst ) .
introduction : the elderly are subject to natural aging and the health problems caused by the recession of physical and mental functions.
elderly patients are also more susceptible to adverse reactions of medication , drug interactions and other drug problems than the young.
we then investigated patients with adverse drug events ( ades ) or unexpected illnesses transferred to our hospital during the whole year of @number@
methods : we analyzed the medicine of elderly patients in long-term care institutions.
four long-term care institutions with different types and sizes located near fong-yuan hospital in downtown fong-yuan were investigated.
variables were reclassified as inferential statistics for analysis by using the independent t-test or mantel-haenszel test.
there were no statistically significant differences among the groups.
in addition , we investigated the presence or absence of pims for patients transferred to our hospital with ades and unexpected illnesses.
the results showed no statistically significant differences among the groups.
however , other potential drug risks remain to be further analyzed and more samples should be surveyed.
our study shows that protein but not mrna levels of creb are reduced in the lungs of old mice.
reduction of creb protein is partially based on pre- and posttranslational modifications as exhibited by an increase in the creb-regulating microrna 34b and creb ubiquitination.
permanent down-regulation of creb in lung cells impaired cell proliferation and viability and increased the number of cells with senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity.
however the results are inconsistent.
there is no study in a thai population.
objective : to evaluate the association of early-onset aga and metabolic syndrome in thai male patients.
material and method : patients were recruited from the check-up clinic.
data from medical records , self-administered forms , and interview were collected and analyzed.
there was no relationship between aga severity and metabolic syndrome ( p = @number@ ) .
early detection of metabolic syndrome in this population may be useful to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
the message gleaned from research has been one of greater decline in abilities to recognize specific negative emotions than positive ones.
at the same time , these results raise methodological issues with regard to different modalities in which emotion decoding is measured.
method : the sample comprised a total of @number@ adults from greece , aged from @number@ to @number@ years.
age was found to negatively affect the ability to decode basic negatively valenced emotions as well as pleasant surprise.
happiness decoding is the only ability that was found well-preserved with advancing age.
this is a critical time in neurotherapeutics.
the prevalence of neurological disease , such as dementia , stroke , and peripheral neuropathy , is large and growing consequent to the aging population.
support for the development of neurotherapies must continue from the bench to their ultimate place at the bedside.
under observation were @number@ hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease , gout and obesity i and ii degree.
analysis of alternate resource measures suggests a threshold of lltcop size , under which program effectiveness may be lower.
lltcops report the changing ltc environment and additional state mandates as factors influencing resource adequacy.
a repeated measures observational study was conducted in two va facilities with @number@ long-stay residents.
research staff conducted standardized observations during and between meals for @number@ months.
dyscirculatory metabolic encephalopathy was revealed to be the main pathology with the etiological mechanism based on dyscirculatorhypoxic and metabolic disorders.
complexity of the revealed symptoms testified to an early organism aging in remote periods after exposure to low dose radiation.
this approach requires modification of cascade mechanisms of signal transduction to apoptosis and responses to dna damage.
it may be necessary to search for such tools in large laboratory animals and in human tissue cultures obtained through genetic engineering or cloning.
ninety-five older persons without dementia underwent detailed clinical and cognitive evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging , including diffusion tensor imaging.
systemic inflammation was assessed with a composite measure of commonly used circulating inflammatory markers ( c-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ) .
eighteen young subjects performed 30-s postural trials on one leg with their eyes closed.
postural trials were performed before and after fatiguing exercises of different intensities : @number@ @number@ and @percent@ of maximal isometric plantarflexor torque.
fatiguing exercises consisted of sustaining a plantarflexor isometric contraction at the target intensity until task failure.
the @percent@ exercise was associated with greater central fatigue whereas the @number@ and @percent@ exercises involved mostly peripheral fatigue.
however , all fatiguing exercises induced similar alterations in postural stability , which was unexpected considering previous literature.
on the other hand , regression models were less predictive ( @number@.17≤r ( @number@ ) ≤0.73 ) for the @number@ and @percent@ exercises.
a decrease in genomic methylation commonly occurs in aging cells ; however , whether this epigenetic modification leads to age-related phenotypes has not been evaluated.
alu elements are the major interspersed repetitive dna elements in humans that lose dna methylation in aging individuals.
alu demethylation in blood cells starts at approximately @number@ years of age , and the degree of alu hypomethylation increases with age.
bone mass is lost with aging , particularly in menopausal women with lower body mass.
consequently , osteoporosis is commonly found in thin postmenopausal women.
here , we correlated the alu methylation level of blood cells with bone density in @number@ postmenopausal women.
alu hypomethylation was associated with advanced age and lower bone mass density , ( p < 0.05 ) .
in conclusion , there are positive correlations between alu hypomethylation in blood cells and several age-related phenotypes in bone and body fat.
therefore , reduced global methylation may play a role in the systemic senescence process.
further evaluation of alu hypomethylation may clarify the epigenetic regulation of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.
the primary aim of this study is to examine the potential influences of birth cohort and gender on ltss planning.
results : two thirds of respondents expected to need ltss , but few reported saving for such services.
the ltss industry should also adapt to meet the need for formal services , which will likely continue to grow.
we evaluated the effect of statins in @number@ chinese patients with acs aged ≥ @number@ years with low ldl-c undergoing pci.
biomarkers were measured before and @number@ hours after pci , and patients were followed up for @number@ year.
background : incobotulinumtoxina was approved in argentina in @number@ for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines.
objective : the authors evaluate real-world changes in facial aesthetic treatment patterns and patient satisfaction following the introduction of incobotulinumtoxina in argentina.
medical records were reviewed for demographics , dosing , reason for switching between products , treatment satisfaction , and interval between injection cycles.
results : one hundred ten women were enrolled and collectively received @number@ treatment cycles with botulinum toxin.
subjects were switched to incobotulinumtoxina at unit doses that were numerically and statistically similar to the onabotulinumtoxina doses they received in period @number@
most subjects ( @percent@ ) initially switched to incobotulinumtoxina because of lower cost.
subjects reported satisfaction with treatment in > 90% of their onabotulinumtoxina visits and in @percent@ of their incobotulinumtoxina visits.
background : gender differences in orthostatic tolerance in the elderly are poorly studied and understood.
results : mean age was @number@ women and men differed in body mass index ; @number@ versus @number@ respectively ( p < @number@ ) .
two women , @number@ % , and @number@ men , @number@ % , terminated head-up tilt test due to vasovagal syncope or presyncopal symptoms.
gender difference was marginally significant ( p = @number@ log-rank test ) .
higher heart rate at rest ( p < @number@ ) was the only variable significantly associated with the risk of syncope.
conclusions : our results indicate that elderly men have poorer orthostatic tolerance during protracted postural stress than women of the same age.
the underlying reason might be differences in vascular rather than cardiac autonomic control.
methods : it is an observational study , comparing @number@ patients with unexplained fall with @number@ patients with unexplained syncope.
each patient underwent supine and upright blood pressure measurement , tilt testing ( tt ) and carotid sinus massage ( csm ) .
conclusions : the positivity prevalence of tt and csm in patients with unexplained falls compared to patients with unexplained syncope is similar.
given its high diagnostic relevance , the neuroautonomic evaluation should be routinely performed in older patients with unexplained falls.
objective : this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of daptomycin in elderly patients.
in addition , infections were required to be of sufficient severity to require inpatient hospitalization and treatment with parenteral antibiotics for at least @number@ h.
duration of treatment was between @number@ and @number@ days for csstis without bacteraemia and between @number@ and @number@ days for csstis with bacteraemia.
secondary objectives were microbiological outcome , duration of treatment and safety.
results : in total , @number@ patients were randomized ( @number@ to daptomycin ; @number@ to the comparator ) and @number@ patients completed the study.
baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups.
leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) shortens with age.
longitudinal studies have reported accelerated ltl attrition when baseline ltl is longer.
to our knowledge no published study of ltl dynamics ( ltl and its attrition rate ) has corrected for this phenomenon.
in addition , we re-analyzed longitudinal ltl data collected from four study populations to test the hypothesis that ltl attrition depends on baseline ltl.
to examine potential associations of the history of lifetime smoking and smoking cessation with cognitive function in the elderly.
in a population-based cohort study of older adults in saarland , germany , a detailed lifetime history of smoking was obtained using standardised questionnaires.
multiple linear regression models were employed to predict cognitive performance , adjusting for potential confounding factors.
in fully adjusted models , current smokers with 21-40 pack-years scored @number@ points lower ( @number@ % ci @number@ to @number@ ) than never-smokers.
former smokers who had quit for more than @number@ years scored @number@ points higher ( @number@ % ci @number@ to @number@ ) than current smokers.
of cognitive function with cumulative dose of smoking as well as with time since smoking cessation were substantiated by restricted cubic splines regression.
methods : myocyte area and collagen volume fraction ( cvf ) were studied in rats.
lvm and lvf were evaluated in animals and humans by echocardiography and lvm index ( lvmi ) was obtained.
results : lvmi , myocyte area and cvf were similar in males and females of 1-month-old rats.
lvmi in children was similar in both genders.
conclusions : there is a clear gender-associated impact on lvm with aging in humans and rats.
similar cvf and lvf associated to greater myocyte size and lvm in male rats suggest a process of physiological response.
cognitive performance is known to change over age @number@ especially processing speed.
studies to date indicate that change in performance with ageing is largely environmentally mediated , with little contribution from genetics.
we estimated the heritability of a longitudinal battery of computerised cognitive tests including speed measures , using a classical twin design.
results were analysed using univariate and bivariate structural equation modelling.
heritability of longitudinal change was found in @number@ of the @number@ tests , ranging from @number@ to @percent@.
the genetic aetiology was remarkably stable.
the first principle component of change was strongly associated with age ( p < @number@ ) and heritable at @percent@ ( 27-62% ) .
while estimates for heritability increased in all measures over time compared to baseline , these increases were statistically non-significant.
this computerised battery showed significant heritability of age-related change in cognition.
focus on this form of change may aid the search for genetic pathways involved in normal and pre-morbid cognitive ageing.
the probability of fractures of the cortical shell of vertebral bodies increases as ageing progresses.
ageing involves all the spinal component changes.
however , the effect of the spinal component ageing on the fracture risk of the cortical shell remains poorly understood.
in this study , the influence of the ageing of the spinal components on cortical shell strain was investigated.
a lumbar spinal specimen ( l3-l5 ) was mechanically tested under a quasi-static axial compressive load.
clinical computed tomography images of the same specimen were used to create a corresponding finite element model.
the material properties were determined by calibrating the finite element model using the l4 cortical shell strains of the anterior centre measurement site.
the results can help the clinicians focus on the aspects that mainly influence the vertebral cortex fracture risk factor.
the passage from one state to another and vice versa is modelled by two functions r0 and ri depending on the total tumour size.
as these functions do not represent any observable quantities , they have to be identified from the observations.
surprisingly , the technique used for this classification permits a uniqueness proof of the solution of the ode model in a non-lipschitz case.
the reasoning can be widened to a more general setting including an extension of the gyllenberg-webb model with a nonlinear birth rate.
the relevance of this result is discussed in a preclinical application scenario.
heart failure is a leading cause of death in industrialized nations especially in an aging population.
conceptual novel approaches entering the clinics to treat cardiac remodeling and heart failure remain scarce.
micrornas emerged as powerful and dynamic modifiers of cardiovascular diseases.
in this review , the current approaches using micrornas as novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiac remodeling and heart failure are highlighted.
recent statistics indicate that the human population is ageing rapidly.
healthy , but also diseased , elderly people are increasing.
this trend is particularly evident in western countries , where healthier living conditions and better cures are available.
here , we review how epigenetics takes part in the control of stress stimuli and the mechanisms of ageing physiology and physiopathology.
alteration of epigenetic enzyme activity , histone modifications and dna-methylation is , in fact , typically associated with the ageing process.
specifically , ageing presents peculiar epigenetic markers that , taken altogether , form the still ill-defined \ "ageing epigenome \ ".
the comprehension of mechanisms and pathways leading to epigenetic modifications associated with ageing may help the development of anti-ageing therapies.
population aging and a shortage of caregivers result in a growing demand for institutionalization , and finitude is one the reflections that permeates aging.
living with death is part of the daily routine of health professionals resulting in emotional overload.
this study sought to ascertain the experiences of the process of dying and death of health care professionals in a long-stay institution for the elderly.
methodological and theoretical grounded data theory and symbolic interaction were used , respectively.
twenty health professionals from varied backgrounds were interviewed.
the core topic of the results was : reconstructing ways to deal with the circumstances of dying and death.
the objective of this study is to reflect on care for people with terminal illnesses in primary health care.
the analysis established two empirical categories : end of life care from the perception of family members and that of health professionals.
this observational ethnographic study was conducted with @number@ elderly people assisted by the family health strategy.
the collection and analysis of data in semi-structured interviews was based on the model of signs , meanings and actions.
understanding this question is crucial for comprehensive and humane care of the elderly and their families.
higher prevalence of neuropathy has been described in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) in comparison with age and gender-matched controls.
the cause of neuropathy may be levodopa-induced impairment of vitamin b12 metabolism , suggesting levodopa-naïve subjects should be unaffected.
there may , however , be other yet unidentified determinants of neuropathy in pd.
we screened @number@ consecutive levodopa-naïve pd patients for neuropathy.
demographics , vitamin b12 and folate levels were studied.
findings were analyzed in the light of our previous available data on levodopa-treated pd patients.
four of @number@ ( @number@ % ) levodopa-naïve pd patients were diagnosed with neuropathy.
there was no association of neuropathy with pd duration.
we conclude that this study confirms the roles of levodopa usage and cumulative levodopa exposure in the neuropathy of pd.
however , the effects of levodopa only appear contributory and are surpassed by age and lower folate levels.
thigh lean mass determined with a thigh scan on the dxa or full thigh mri scans were compared.
detailed analysis of mri revealed @percent@ smaller quadriceps muscles in the older than young individuals , while the other thigh muscles were only @percent@ smaller.
conclusions : dxa underestimates the age-related loss of thigh muscle mass in comparison to mri.
the quadriceps muscles were more susceptible to age-related atrophy compared with other thigh muscles.
the vitreous is a complex structure whose composition and appearance change with age.
from this emerge both protective and disease-associated states in conditions such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy , macular edema , and age-related macular degeneration.
older drivers are at greatest risk for injury or death as a result of a car crash.
adopting a person-environment fit framework , we discuss how the roadway environment can be modified to better match the abilities of the aging driver.
objectives : the present study examined the relation between past year frequency of binge drinking and psychological distress among older adult drinkers.
method : data were obtained from the @number@ california health interview survey ( chis ) .
adults aged @number@ and older who had consumed alcohol in the past year ( n = 13 , 265 ) were analyzed.
psychological distress was assessed using the kessler @number@ ( k6 ) scale.
multiple regression analyses were conducted.
discussion : the results suggest that binge drinking frequently may be related to increased experiences of psychological distress among older drinkers.
research and clinical implications are discussed.
objective : to examine whether certain personal and workplace factors increase risk for work-related injuries among home health aides.
discussion : interventions should be developed to address preventable risk factors.
evaluations of candidate interventions should control for other related factors that are not modifiable.
a sample of @number@ participants who completed the study was included in the analyses.
loneliness was closely related to living alone , to depression , and to region ( northern sweden ) .
discussion : social capital and loneliness are context dependent ( i.e. , geographical or living environment ) .
among the very old , the link between social capital resources and loneliness is also highly influenced by health status.
many cellular processes are driven by spatially and temporally regulated redox-dependent signaling events.
collectively , these findings confirm and extend previous observations suggesting that disturbances in peroxisomal redox control and metabolism can sensitize cells to oxidative stress.
methionine sulfoxide reductases ( msr's ) are key enzymes proficient in catalyzing the reduction of oxidized methionines.
a two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis analysis was performed on the msr-silenced cells grown under basal conditions or submitted to oxidative stress.
this proteomic analysis revealed that the disruption of the msr system mainly affects proteins with redox , cytoskeletal or protein synthesis , and maintenance roles.
design : cross-sectional analysis.
body mass index was calculated from measured height and weight.
results : mean self-reported sitting time was 285min / day for males and 281min / day for females.
mexican-americans reported sitting less than both non-hispanic whites and non-hispanic blacks ( all p < 0.0001 ) .
no significant differences were found between sexes in any age group.
at the college graduate level , females reported sitting less than males ( p < 0.0001 ) .
obese females reported sitting more than normal weight and overweight females ( p = 0.0008 ) .
there were no significant differences in sitting time by body mass index for males.
conclusions : self-reported sitting time differed by ethnicity , age group , education and body mass index but there was no overall difference by sex.
these results represent the most up to date prevalence of self-reported sitting for the us adult population.
certain groups should be targeted to reduce sitting time , for example those with higher educational attainment and obese females.
materials and methods : data were obtained from the alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative.
criterion and construct validity and interrater agreement were tested for each field strength and image type.
conclusions : the higher field and t2wi more sensitively detect subtle changes in the deep white matter and perivascular spaces in particular.
even so , @number@.5t brain atrophy and lesion index scores are similar to those obtained by use of 3t images.
the brain atrophy and lesion index may have use in quantifying the impact of dementia on brain structures.
aims : the purpose of the study was to assess the hemorheological parameters levels in sci patients.
moreover , the subjects with a high wbv had a higher prevalence of sci.
conclusions : whole blood viscosity at low shear rate is a novel indicator for sci regardless of classical cardiovascular risk factors.
early measurement of whole blood viscosity may be helpful to assess the risk of stroke.
studies in humans suggest that leukocyte telomere length may act as a marker of biological aging.
more detailed examination of mean leukocyte telomere length by age shows that the regional telomere length difference declines at older ages.
chronic , low grade inflammation is a characteristic of old age.
innate immune system cells such as dendritic cells ( dcs ) from the elderly display a pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with increased reactivity to self.
lithium is a well-established anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of bipolar disorders.
it has also been reported to reduce inflammation in dcs.
here , we investigated whether lithium is effective in reducing the inflammatory responses in dcs from the elderly.
licl enhanced the production of il-10 in lps stimulated young dcs.
however , it did not affect tnf-α and il-6 production.
in contrast , in aged dcs , licl reduced the secretion of tnf-α and il-6 in lps stimulated dcs but did not increase il-10.
licl had no significant effect on pam3csk4 responses in aged and young dcs.
licl treated dcs also displayed differences at the level of cd4 t cell priming and polarization.
in summary , our data suggests that licl reduces inflammation in aged and young dcs via different mechanisms.
furthermore , the effect of licl is different on lps and pam3csk4 responses.
experience-dependent characteristics of auditory function , especially with regard to speech-evoked auditory neurophysiology , have garnered increasing attention in recent years.
musicians provide an attractive model for studying the experience-dependency of auditory processing in humans due to their distinctive neural enhancements compared to nonmusicians.
the impact of long-term stress on depressive status ( evaluated with ces-d10 , score range 0-30 ) was determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis.
persons with proxy interviews , incomplete ces-d data , or cognitive impairment were excluded.
results : perceived-health stress had stronger impacts on depressive symptoms than most other stress situations.
job-related stress showed no impact.
other stress situations showed modest associations in the middle-aged and young-olds.
ongoing stress had stronger impacts than past stress.
excluding health and job stresses , the impact generally decreased with aging.
the association with clinically relevant depression generally followed that with depressive symptoms.
conclusion : all perceived stresses are not equal in their impacts on subsequent depressive symptoms.
perceived-health stress has stronger impacts under most conditions.
in fishes , as in other vertebrate species , the dna component of the telomeres consists of the tandemly repeated ttaggg motif.
the length of the telomeric arrays in fishes ranges from @number@ to @number@ kb and shortens with age in some of the species.
most of the pericentromeric and interstitial telomeric sequences in fish are possible relicts of chromosome fusion events.
the origin of the telomeric sequences co- localizing with the major rdna sequences or scattered along the whole chromosomes is not clear.
cardiac function is required for blood circulation and systemic oxygen delivery.
however , the heart has intrinsic oxygen demands that must be met to maintain effective contractility.
hypoxia-inducible factor @number@ ( hif-1 ) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoan species.
hif-1 controls oxygen delivery , by regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling , and oxygen utilization , by regulating glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis.
introduction : the prevalence and negative health effects of chronic diseases are disproportionately high among hispanics , the largest minority group in the united states.
self-management of chronic conditions by older adults is a public health priority.
methods : through the healthy aging regional collaborative , @number@ area agencies delivered @number@ workshops in @number@ locations throughout south florida.
workshops consisted of six , @number@.5-hour sessions offered once per week for @number@ weeks.
a self-report survey was administered at baseline and again at the end of program instruction.
to assess differences in outcomes , a repeated measures general linear model was used , controlling for agency and baseline general health.
results : all outcomes showed improvement at @number@ weeks.
conclusion : implementation of tcds significantly improved @number@ of @number@ health promotion skills and behaviors of spanish-speaking older adults in south florida.
a community-based implementation of tcds has the potential to improve health outcomes for a diverse , spanish-speaking , older adult population.
background : downhill skiing is part of active life style in many residents of alpine regions.
thus , the aim of the study was to compare life-style characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors between regular downhill skiers and the general population.
results : long-term skiers showed more favourable life-style characteristics and a better health status than the general population.
conclusion : long-term alpine skiing on a regular basis may contribute to healthy aging by its association with a healthier life style.
before @number@ the uk saw a decline in the number of nurses coming forward to undertake a postgraduate programme in specialist community practice.
the health visitor implementation plan published by the department of health in england in @number@ aimed to expand and strengthen health visiting services nationwide.
this plan is in conjunction with developing new ways of working incorporating the healthy child programme.
this model of working was piloted in @number@ areas around the uk , commencing in @number@ as an early implementer site.
my entry into the role of lecturer-practitioner , on a two-year contract , coincided with this exciting and challenging time for health visiting in hackney.
all participants completed two questionnaires , faq1 ( for knowledge ) and asd ( for attitudes ) in their own languages.
an alternative non-linear theory is discussed for the relationship between modernization and the societal views on aging.
educational promotion of knowledge about aging is emphasized for the formation of positive attitudes toward older adults.
the sample was drawn from a representative longitudinal cohort of older persons in israel.
in the absence of changes in social support as manifested by marital status and community living , there was no decline in wellbeing.
method : a qualitative study based on a sample of @number@ certified social workers.
data collection was performed through in-depth semi-structured interviews , followed by content analysis.
discussion & conclusions : social workers ' direct involvement with the self-neglecting elders poses a very significant ethical , personal , and professional challenge.
considering the traditional culture of confucius on modesty , the present study hypothesizes that there should be no significant seb among chinese elders.
seb was calculated by subtracting participants ' ratings of \ "peer-image \ " ( p ) from their ratings of self-image ( s ) .
possible explanations were further provided for the mismatch between chinese values and the existence of seb.
the rising prevalence of dementia will have an effect on acute care hospitals around the world.
patients with dementia have poorer health outcomes , longer hospital stays , and higher rates of readmissions and institutionalization.
worldwide , health care budgets are severely constrained.
national institute for health and care excellence ( nice ) has listed ten quality standards for supporting people in living well with dementia.
nice resource implications and commissioning support to implement these guidelines and improve dementia services have been recently published.
extra resources also will be required for intermediate , palliative care , and mental health liaison services for people with dementia.
it has been shown to be an effective model in terms of reducing both length of stay and avoiding readmission.
the reported number of registered leprosy patients worldwide declined with the introduction of multidrug therapy.
this study reports an elderly patient who was diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant lepromatous leprosy.
this case indicates that inadequate treatment and poor compliance may eventually result in rifampicin resistance in mycobacterium leprae and clinical relapse.
practice of a motor task decreases motor output variability in older adults and is associated with adaptations of discharge activity of single motor units.
our purpose , therefore , was to determine the neural adaptation of multiple motor units and related improvements in movement control following practice.
multi-motor unit activity was recorded intramuscularly from the first dorsal interosseus muscle.
we demonstrate that practice-induced improvements in movement control are associated with changes in activity of multiple motor units.
whether or not adolescence should be treated as a special period , there is now no doubt that the brain changes much during adolescence.
from an evolutionary perspective , the idea of an under developed brain which is not fit for purpose until adulthood is illogical.
rather , the adolescent brain is likely to support the challenges specific to that period of life.
the brain is dynamic , with some areas developing faster and becoming more dominant until other areas catch up.
plausible mechanisms link these changes to cognitive and behavioural features of adolescence.
the changing brain may lead to abrupt behavioural change with attendant risks , but such a brain is flexible and can respond quickly and imaginatively.
society allows adolescent exuberance and creativity to be bounded and explored in relative safety.
background : many techniques have been presented over recent decades to address the neck contour in facial rejuvenation surgery.
despite advances , limitations remain when dealing with the obtuse cervical angle.
objective : the authors describe a technique for improving the obtuse cervicomental angle.
results : eighty-seven ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ facelift patients examined underwent smms , and @number@ additional patients underwent isolated smms.
no patient required reoperation for hemostasis or evacuation.
three ( @percent@ ) of the facelift with smms patients required reoperation for dehiscence of the submental suspension.
of the isolated smms patients had muscular suspension dehiscence or required reoperation.
using expression in the ec for normalization , we identified @number@ genes that manifested reliable age-related changes in the dg.
the most significant change was an age-related decline in rbap48 , a histone-binding protein that modifies histone acetylation.
we next generated a transgenic mouse that expressed a dominant-negative inhibitor of rbap48 in the adult forebrain.
up-regulation of rbap48 in the dg of aged wild-type mice ameliorated age-related hippocampus-based memory loss and age-related abnormalities in histone acetylation.
in summary , among individuals with equivalent diet quality , the magnitude and characteristics of the diet-cognition relationship depended on their socioeconomic circumstances.
these results suggest that interventions promoting retention of cognitive function through improved diet quality would provide maximum benefit to those with relatively low sep.
methods : we recorded eye movements in @number@ subjects ( ne : @number@ mci : @number@ ad : @number@ ) during an as task.
we also performed neuropsychological measures of executive function for comparison.
we investigated the relationships between as and neuropsychological performance , as well as possible correlations between as performance and cortical thickness.
results : as performance in mci resembled that in ne ; subjects with ad were impaired relative to both mci and ne.
in all subjects , as performance correlated with neuropsychological measures of executive function , even after controlling for disease severity.
in the subjects with mci but not in ne , cortical thickness in frontoparietal ad signature regions correlated with as performance.
conclusions : the as task is a useful measure of executive function across the ad spectrum.
the synaptic toxicity of soluble amyloid-β ( aβ ) oligomers plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
deletion analysis identified the second domain ( d2 ) within the takusan protein that is required for psd-95 clustering and synaptic protection from aβ.
in summary , α1-takusan protects synapses from aβ-induced insult via interaction with psd-95 and tau.
thus , takusan-based protein sequences from either mouse or human may be of potential therapeutic benefit in ad.
daily broad-spectrum sunscreen use is an important intervention to prevent squamous cell carcinoma and invasive melanoma.
now dermatologists can feel confident confirming that it prevents photoaging in middle aged adults as well.
visual examples of aging over time are particularly effective for teens and young adults.
background : lateral canthal rhytides partly result from repetitive muscular actions of the orbicularis oculi.
objective : to determine the efficacy of one versus three injection sites of abobotulinumtoxina ( abo ) in the treatment of lateral canthal rhytides.
a blinded evaluator assessed lateral orbital rhytides at rest and maximal contraction at baseline , @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days post treatment.
standardized digital photography and subject self- assessment were performed at each visit.
there was no difference in adverse events between the two sides.
conclusion : sites treated with three injections of abo showed no statistically significant difference from those treated with one injection.
background : compliance of the aorta is important in maintaining normal cardiovascular physiology.
pathological conditions can induce changes in elastic properties , having profound effects on their prognosis.
the aim of this study was to establish age-related reference values for distensibility and wall stiffness index of the ascending aorta.
methods and results : a total of @number@ normal subjects ( mean age , @number@.92±4.0 years ) were investigated on transthoracic echocardiography.
ascending aortic diameter was recorded in m-mode above the sinotubular junction.
blood pressure was measured simultaneously at the right arm.
aortic pulse pressure , distensibility and aortic wall stiffness index were calculated offline.
although new assessment techniques have recently become available , body composition is rarely described in infants from low-income settings.
design : we conducted a prospective cohort study among infants from jimma , ethiopia.
results : body composition growth charts were based on a total of @number@ measurements of body composition obtained from @number@ infants.
the ffmi curve showed a very modest exponential increase with age.
this study was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as isrctn46718296.
people often have to listen to someone speak in the presence of competing voices.
this finding indicates that older listeners can exploit their familiarity with a speaker's voice to mitigate the effects of sensory and cognitive decline.
neural aging as a progressive loss of function involves central and peripheral post-mitotic neurons and neural stem cells ( nscs ) .
it promotes neurodegeneration , impairs neurogenesis , and can be considered a cause of cognitive impairment and sensory and motor deficits in the elderly.
age-related morphological atrophic changes and cellular alterations are addressed by neural aging mechanisms.
as neurodegeneration and impaired neurogenesis promote the nervous system aging process , the identification of neuronal anti-aging is required to raise life expectancy.
the role of melatonin in increasing neurogenesis and protecting against neurodegeneration has been investigated.
however , the therapeutic effect of hsps has not been tested in a relevant setting.
we show that intranasally-administered hsp70 rapidly enters the afflicted brain regions and mitigates multiple ad-like morphological and cognitive abnormalities observed in model animals.
consistently , hsp70 treatment also protects spatial memory in obx and 5xfad mice.
background : continuous-flow left ventricular assist device ( lvad ) has undergone dramatic change into strategy of treating severe heart failure.
in this report , we describe our clinical results and problems of continuous-flow lvad and discuss the future strategy for heart failure patients.
the overall survival and the lvad related complications were retrospectively evaluated in these @number@ patients.
the overall survival rate was @percent@ at @number@ year and @percent@ at @number@ years.
seven patients required right ventricular assist device ( rvad ) including @number@ patients converted to durable rvad.
cerebrovascular complications was developed in @number@ patients and @number@ of the @number@ patients died from hemorrhagic infarction.
device related infection was detected in only @number@ patient with immunosuppressive therapy.
background : self-rated health ( srh ) predicts nursing home ( nh ) placement ; subjective memory complaints ( smc ) too.
however , the predictive value of srh in the presence of smc is unclear.
methods : seven-hundred fifty-seven non-nursing home residents ≥65 years from general practices in central copenhagen were followed for @number@ years ( 2002-2006 ) .
patients gave information on srh , cognition ( smc and mmse ) , quality of life ( eq-5d ) and socio-demographics.
information on comorbidities and permanent nh placement came from registries.
results : nh placement totaled @percent@ at 4-year follow-up.
conclusions : both poor srh and smc were associated with permanent nh placement risk among elderly primary care patients.
however , when smc was present a reverse association was found for srh : good srh increased nh placement.
since srh is integrated in widely used psychometric instruments , further research is needed to establish the mechanism and implications of this finding.
complex mental activity induces improvements in cognition , brain function , and structure in animals and young adults.
it is not clear to what extent the aging brain is capable of such plasticity.
this study expands previous evidence of generalized cognitive gains after mental training in healthy seniors.
improvements in cognition were identified along with significant cbf correlates of the cognitive gains.
we propose that cognitive training enhances resting-state neural activity and connectivity , increasing the blood supply to these regions via neurovascular coupling.
these convergent results provide preliminary evidence that neural plasticity can be harnessed to mitigate brain losses with cognitive training in seniors.
we hypothesized that oxidative posttranslational modification of parkin by environmental toxins may contribute to sporadic pd.
results : we first demonstrated that s-nitrosylation of parkin decreased its activity as a repressor of p53 gene expression , leading to upregulation of p53.
chromatin immunoprecipitation as well as gel-shift assays showed that parkin bound to the p53 promoter , and this binding was inhibited by s-nitrosylation of parkin.
additionally , nitrosative stress induced apoptosis in cells expressing parkin , and this death was , at least in part , dependent upon p53.
in primary mesencephalic cultures , pesticide-induced apoptosis was prevented by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase ( nos ) .
moreover , the levels of sno-parkin and p53 were simultaneously elevated in postmortem human pd brain compared to controls.
coronary artery calcium ( cac ) is a validated subclinical measure of atherosclerosis.
we assessed the relationship of various biomarkers to cac , specifically in hiv-infected individuals on potent antiretroviral therapy ( art ) .
analyses utilized entry data from participants in the hawaii aging with hiv-cardiovascular ( hahc-cvd ) study.
computerized tomography examinations for cac were obtained locally and analyzed by a central reading center in blinded fashion.
plasma biomarkers were assessed by multiplexing using milliplex human cardiovascular disease panels.
in univariate analyses higher levels of log-transformed mcp-1 and tnf-α were associated with the presence of cac ( p < 0.05 ) .
in multivariate logistic regression models , mcp-1 and tnf-α remained significant after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular ( cvd ) risk factors.
the hz vaccine was approved by the us food and drug administration for individuals aged 50-years or older.
however , the center for disease control and prevention's advisory committee for immunization practices recommends the vaccine in individuals aged 60-years or older.
areas covered : recent literature investigating the efficacy and indications of live attenuated zoster vaccine.
expert opinion : live attenuated zoster vaccine is safe and efficacious in preventing hz and decreasing the morbidity associated with postherpetic neuralgia.
older adults ' ability to mitigate the effects of noise was further assessed with rt variability , as measured by intra-individual standard deviations across trials.
all of the factors mentioned above hinder progress in delivering individualized care to older patients with breast cancer.
this article provides an overview on progress and challenges of individualized and personalized health care in older women with breast cancer.
this investigation compared the neural correlates of inhibition in normal older adults ( oas ) and oas with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
twenty-six oas without and @number@ with mci completed the stroop task during functional neuroimaging , and completed additional out-of-scanner neuropsychological measures.
however , these minimal differences did not survive corrected thresholds.
robust differences were found with several tasks of a neuropsychological screening battery.
there is some debate over the relative impairment of recollection and familiarity in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
a recent publication by algarabel et al.
here , we respond to their main criticisms , concluding that they are not sufficiently supported by the data presented.
the role of recollection and familiarity in mci remains unresolved and further work will be required to disentangle the mixed literature.
the perception of event structure in continuous activity is important for everyday comprehension.
this study tested whether there are age differences in event segmentation at the intersection of continuous activity and narrative : narrative film.
younger and older adults watched and segmented a narrative film , the red balloon , into coarse and fine events.
changes in situational features , such as changes in characters , goals , and objects predicted segmentation.
analyses revealed little age-difference in segmentation behavior.
this suggests the possibility that narrative structure supports event understanding for older adults.
method : we conducted four focus groups between @number@ and @number@ in the uk with @number@ family members and @number@ care staff.
transcripts of the focus groups were analysed using thematic analysis.
awareness did fluctuate , and differences in interpretations of awareness were linked to the meaning assigned to particular kinds of responses.
for family members , awareness was intrinsically linked to their emotional connection with the person with dementia.
care staff and family members would also benefit from greater sharing of information about the person with dementia.
this could help to enhance quality of life for person with dementia and improve quality of care.
methods : this was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected in @number@ countries taking part in the @number@ whoqol-old field study.
the whoqol-bref measured quality of life and health satisfaction.
the attitudes to aging questionnaire measured participants ' attitudes toward physical change , psychosocial loss , and psychological growth.
all items in both questionnaires were measured on a 5-point likert scale.
questionnaire responses were analyzed using multilevel modeling and path analysis.
these partial mediations manifested in the same way across all @number@ country samples , regardless of age or gender.
understanding these linkages may help practitioners and policy makers consider strategies to enhance quality of life.
in particular , a large proportion of depressive disorders in the organic substrate is observed in people over @number@ years of age.
literature says that in this age group as 15-30% of people receiving assistance from family doctors have diagnosed depression.
the aim of the study was to investigate the comorbidity in patients with a diagnosis of organic depression.
we analyzed the medical records of outpatient treatment of the above.
analyses were made medical history by questionnaire of our own design.
results : it has been shown that in the organic comorbidity depressive disorders related in most men , between @number@ and @number@ years of age.
most were people about the origin of the workers and peasants , mainly in vocational education.
every second person was unmarried.
the subjects usually receive disability benefits and retirement.
the organic depressive disorders frequently co-exist : the teams dementia , anxiety , personality disorders , delusional teams.
the subjects were mainly dependent on alcohol and sedative drugs from the group of benzodiazepines.
in every other test persons experienced cardiovascular disease.
among patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence disorder typical of taking psychoactive substances such as liver , pancreas , gastrointestinal tract.
the treatment was particularly detrimental in people addicted to drugs.
comparative analysis of the dynamics of the disease has a significant adverse course and prognosis in children with addiction.
moderate to severe psoriasis is associated with concomitant diseases that may have a significant impact on patients.
it is necessary for the treating physician to recognize these concomitant diseases , known as comorbidities , early as they influence the management options.
important comorbidities are psoriatic arthritis , metabolic syndrome , crohn's disease , depression , and cancer.
patients with severe psoriasis may be at an increased risk for myocardial infarction and this subgroup of patients tends to have a reduced life expectancy.
as dermatologists are the primary health-care providers for psoriasis , adequate knowledge of comorbidities helps in choosing the appropriate therapy as well as timely intervention.
the endothelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health by producing nitric oxide and other vasoactive materials.
aging is associated with a gradual decline in this functional aspect of endothelial regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis.
there are a number of mechanisms suggested to explain age-related endothelial dysfunction.
however , recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of oxidative stress and inflammation as the two major risk factors underlying aging and age-related diseases.
there is limited understanding of aging experiences across generations.
neurodegenerative diseases share diverse pathological features and among these oxidative stress ( os ) plays a leading role.
impaired activity and reduced expression of antioxidant proteins have been reported as common events in several aging-associated disorders.
nrf2 is emerging as a key neuroprotective protein in neurodegenerative diseases , since it helps neuronal cells to cope with toxic insults and os.
in addition , we obtained data on adherence of the participants to the exercise program.
the 16-week intervention included progressive and challenging balance , gait , and strength exercise as well as changes to behavioral aspects.
results : in total , @number@ gps recruited @number@ participants ( @percent@ females ) .
the mean age of the participants was @number@ years ( standard deviation @number@ years ) .
in total , @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of the intervention group participated in more than @percent@ the supervised group sessions.
conclusion : the strategy to address older persons at high risk of falling in the gp setting with a complex exercise intervention was successful.
in functionally declined , community-dwelling , older persons a complex intervention for reducing fall risks was effective compared with usual care.
background : aging causes physiological and functional changes that impair pulmonary function.
we compared vis and fis in elderly subjects and healthy adult subjects.
chest wall kinematics ( via optoelectronic plethysmography ) and inspiratory muscle activity ( via surface electromyography ) were assessed simultaneously.
synchrony between the superior thorax and abdominal motion was calculated ( phase angle ) .
fis and vis triggered similar lower thoracoabdominal synchrony in the elderly subjects , whereas in the healthy adults fis induced lower synchrony than did vis.
fis required more muscle activity in the elderly subjects to create an increase in chest wall volume.
conclusions : incentive spirometry performance is influenced by age , and the differences between elderly and healthy adults response should be considered in clinical practice.
impaired learning and memory performance is often found in aging as an early sign of dementia.
it is associated with neuronal loss and reduced functioning of cholinergic networks.
repeated pharmacological stimulation of nk3-r in aged rats was found to improve learning in the water maze and in object-place recognition.
this treatment also enhanced in vivo acetylcholinergic activity in the frontal cortex , hippocampus , and amygdala but reduced nk3-r mrna expression in the hippocampus.
our findings suggest that the induced activation of ach , rather than basal ach activity , is associated with superior learning in the aged.
this relationship could be partially explained by a reduced right hippocampus volume in a subsample of @number@ tested dementia patients.
these data indicate the nk3-r as an important target to predict and improve learning and memory performance in the aged organism.
conclusions : our findings do not support an association between snps associated with circulating 25 ( oh ) d and risk of colorectal cancer.
additional work is warranted to investigate the complex relationship between 25 ( oh ) d and colorectal cancer risk.
impact : there was no association observed between genetic markers of circulating 25 ( oh ) d and colorectal cancer.
the igt group also oxidized less carbohydrate during insulin infusion than ngt ( p < @number@ ) .
cerebral dysfunction after cardiac surgery remains a devastating complication and is growing in importance with our aging populations.
these etiologies are caused primary by cerebral emboli , hypoperfusion , or inflammation that has largely been attributed to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
although off-pump cabg is associated with reduced risk of stroke , there are no convincing differences in pocd between off-pump and on-pump cabg.
recently , the focus of postoperative neurological research has shifted from managing cardiopulmonary bypass to patient-related factors.
identifying changes in brains of aged individuals undergoing cardiac surgery may improve strategies for preventing cerebral dysfunction.
advanced age is associated with more undiagnosed cerebrovascular disease and is a major risk factor for stroke and pocd following cardiac surgery.
preoperative cerebrovascular evaluation and adaptation of surgical strategies will provide preventative approaches for cerebral dysfunction after cabg.
this review focuses on recent findings of the relationship between perioperative stress and underlying fragility of the brain in cardiac surgical patients.
methods : participants were tested in a no-gap , no-overlap saccadic task using a video-based remote eye tracker.
possible mechanisms to account for the effects of monocular vision on saccades are discussed.
purpose : to report the 7-year incidence of age-related cataracts in a metropolitan chinese elderly population.
methods : the shihpai eye study @number@ included @number@ ( @percent@ ) of @number@ participants in the @number@ baseline survey for a follow-up eye examination.
cataract was graded by one ophthalmologist using the lens opacities classification system iii.
a total of @percent@ ( @percent@ ci : @number@.8%-6.2% ) of participants developed all three types of cataract.
conclusions : this study indicated a high incidence of cortical opacities and lower incidence of nuclear opacities compared with caucasians.
posterior subcapsular opacity incidence and cataract surgery rate were comparable.
age-related changes have been documented in anatomical studies on peripheral as well as central vestibular systems.
similar changes have also been observed for saccular responses evaluated through cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential ( cvemp ) after the age of @number@ years.
the results revealed a steady decline in response rate and amplitude with advancing age beyond 5th decade ( 50-60 years ) .
in addition , the latency of p13 and n23 was prolonged , while the thresholds worsened with increasing age also after @number@ years.
hence , age-matched norms have to be considered while interpreting the results of cvemp , especially in individuals above @number@ years of age.
mitochondrial topoisomerase i is a genetically distinct mitochondria-dedicated enzyme with a crucial but so far unknown role in the homeostasis of mitochondrial dna metabolism.
here , we present data suggesting a negative regulatory function in mitochondrial transcription or transcript stability.
mitochondrial topoisomerase i was co-immunoprecipitated with mitochondrial rna polymerase.
it selectively accumulated and rapidly exchanged at a subset of nucleoids distinguished by the presence of newly synthesized rna and / or mitochondrial rna polymerase.
the inactive y559f-mutant behaved similarly without affecting mitochondrial transcripts.
in conclusion , mitochondrial topoisomerase i dampens mitochondrial transcription and thereby alters respiratory capacity.
the mechanism involves selective association of the active enzyme with transcriptionally active nucleoids and a direct interaction with mitochondrial rna polymerase.
the inhibitory role of topoisomerase i in mitochondrial transcription is strikingly different from the stimulatory role of topoisomerase i in nuclear transcription.
mutations of the von hippel-lindau ( vhl ) tumor suppressor gene cause hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinomas ( rccs ) .
the best characterized function of vhl protein is suppression of the α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor ( hif ) .
additional vhl functions have been reported , including induction of senescence upon loss of vhl mediated by downregulation of the chromatin remodeling factor p400.
induction of senescence either by oncogene activation or inactivation of tumor suppressors is considered a critical feature of mammalian cells by which to suppress tumorigenesis.
the expression of p400 was measured by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray containing tumor tissue samples from @number@ rcc patients.
in summary , patients affected by highly proliferative tumors with decreased p400 expression exhibit a poor prognosis by multiple cox regression.
cellular senescence has been shown for epithelial cells of bronchi and alveoli as well as mesenchymal and vascular cells.
importance : diabetes is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
previous studies have suggested that the genetic factors predisposing to excess cardiovascular risk may be different in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.
objective : to identify genetic determinants of chd that are specific to patients with diabetes.
included were a total of @number@ chd cases and @number@ chd-negative controls , all with type @number@ diabetes.
exposures included @number@ common genetic variants occurring throughout the genome.
background : the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products ( srage ) has been studied in various diseases.
it is not clear why srage levels vary between studies , with controversial results.
what also remains to be determined is whether receptor for advanced glycation end-products ( rage ) ligands could affect srage assessment by epitope masking.
recently described anti-srage autoantibodies may play an interfering role.
the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of rage ligands and anti-srage autoantibodies on srage quantification.
however , incubation of rhu-srage with purified iggs from hd patients had no effect on srage quantification.
conclusions : rage ligands or anti-srage autoantibodies did not interfere with srage quantification.
then we constructed lv twist-displacement loop and compared the characteristic of them among different groups.
results : ptw increased gradually with the increase in age.
the biggest putwv was in the group of 30-60 years old.
iutw% increased gradually before @number@ years old , then decreased after that.
dis was not obviously different among the three groups.
the characteristic of lv twist-displacement loop was like the configuration of @number@
there was a linear relation between twist and displacement during systole , and the slope increased gradually with the increase in age.
conclusions : vvi can be used to effectively and noninvasively assess lv twist-displacement loop with change in age and provide important information for lv function.
the effect of age must take into account when evaluate the lv function by the twist-displacement loop.
this study tested the hypothesis that cumulative benefits of ltpa across mid-life on grip strength will have emerged by age 60-64.
results : there were complete longitudinal data available for @number@ participants.
there was evidence of a cumulative effect of ltpa across mid-life on grip strength at 60-64.
conclusions : increased levels of ltpa across mid-life were associated with stronger grip at age 60-64 , in both men and women.
as these associations have emerged since age @number@ it suggests that ltpa across adulthood may prevent decline in grip strength in early old age.
methods : this double-blinded , placebo-controlled , trial occurred in two phases under ad libitum conditions.
phase i consisted of two non-exercise groups : ( a ) placebo and ( b ) @number@ g cahmb consumed twice daily.
conclusion : cahmb improved strength and mq without re.
further , re is an effective intervention for improving all measures of body composition and functionality.
the il-6 gene polymorphism has been associated with disease prevalence and different physiological responses to exercise.
eccentric resistance exercise ( ere ) is considered a nonpharmacological tool to prevent the chronic degenerative profile associated with aging and obesity.
il-6 genotypes displayed no difference at baseline.
in conclusion , il-6 genotype affects ck and il-6 in response to ere.
fractures of the proximal femur are the most devastating outcome of osteoporosis.
morphometric features were visualized as maps of local contractions and expansions , and significance was displayed as student's t-test statistical maps.
significant age-related changes included local expansions of regions low in volumetric bone mineral density ( vbmd ) and local contractions of regions high in vbmd.
the prevalence of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder has not changed from the pre- to the potent antiretroviral therapy era , remaining at approximately @percent@.
in research settings , mild neurocognitive disorder ( mnd ) and so-called asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment ( ani ) are now more common than hiv-associated dementia.
age-related comorbidities increase the risk of cognitive impairment in hiv infection.
management of impairment includes ensuring that patients are on and adhere to antiretroviral therapy and addressing comorbidities.
instead , they provoke interpretation within the reader as witness and expand the ways in which research on aging and physical activity has been represented.
background : little is known about the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke in octogenarians.
data on clinical outcomes , mortality , symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage , and recanalization were abstracted.
results : data from eight studies with @number@ patients were included in the final analysis.
decisions regarding endovascular treatment of elderly patients should be individualized until randomized controlled trials are available.
one hundred fifteen independent-living older adults ( ages 70-92 years ) were included.
higher levels of physical activity and physical fitness were correlated with higher self-reported hrqol.
it may be especially important to target those with lower levels of physical activity , poorer physical fitness , and multiple comorbidities.
introduction : understanding sexual behavior is important when evaluating the health needs of older adults.
little research has addressed the effect of specific health conditions on sexual inactivity in this growing population.
logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to evaluate the likelihood of being sexually active for each health condition.
covariates included age , race , education , income , self-reported overall health , and marital status.
main outcome measures : the odds ratio and @percent@ confidence intervals for sexual activity status were calculated separately for men and women.
results : fifty-five percent of men and @percent@ of women reported being sexually active.
conclusions : mental and physical health conditions have very similar associations with sexual inactivity in men and women.
increased sexual activity was associated with positive physical , social , and emotional health indicators.
aim : most studies about the structures of the human skin have been on the general histologic features of the skin.
two-dimensional surface-viewed images of the skin showing mr patterns were obtained using dry dermoscopy.
histologic structures of the skin were evaluated by 3d images obtained using the 3dr technique.
results : mr was deeper and wider in the abdomen than in the medial side of the forearm.
in the medial side of the forearm , @time@ ridges were distributed in a plateau , on average.
in the abdomen , about @time@ ridges were distributed in a plateau.
from 3dr technique , mr pattern thought to be a superordinate concept to rete ridges.
conclusion : the 3dr technique was useful and may allow a better understanding of the pathogenetic changes in the skin surface in aging skin.
a brief valsalva manoeuvre , lasting 2-3 s , performed by young healthy men during strength exercise reduces transmural pressure acting on intrathoracic arteries.
in this study , we sought to verify this finding in older men.
same respiratory manoeuvres were also performed at rest.
non-invasively measured blood pressure , knee angle , respiratory airflow and mouth pressure were continuously registered.
this decline ensued , as peak systolic pressure increase caused by this manoeuvre , was distinctly < 40 mmhg.
resting blood pressure did not influence the effect of brief valsalva manoeuvre on transmural pressure.
objectives : in japan , the prevalence of depression has been reported to occur among @number@ in @number@ family caregivers.
the purpose of this study was to investigate the self-rated burden associated with mental health conditions among caregivers.
methods : we studied @number@ caregivers aged 38-87 years in a cross-sectional study.
the general health questionnaire ( ghq-12 ) score of @number@ or more was defined as poor mental health.
results : the proportion of caregivers with poor mental health was @percent@.
a mediational model was used to identify the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the number of behavioral problems and poor mental health in caregivers.
consequently , we found that mental health conditions in caregivers were associated with both the number of caregiver burdens and behavioral problems among care recipients.
the number of cancer survivors has been steadily increasing due in part to the aging population and advancements in cancer care and treatment.
of the current @number@ million cancer survivors in the united states , most are @number@ or older.
aging changes and the presence of comorbidities add complexity to the care of cancer survivors.
in addition. common long-term cancer-related symptoms and late effects of cancer treatments provide challenges to nurses and other health professionals caring for older cancer survivors.
nurses in all practice areas will care for cancer survivors and must be prepared to deliver safe and effective care.
we note that there are several studies showing conflicting results.
root transparency has proven to be related to age and has been considered by different odontological methods for age estimation.
these results show that heat may modify root transparency and suggest caution in using methods based on root transparency for age estimation.
how such regeneration is terminated is uncertain.
spark fluorescence rise time was not a good surrogate for the duration of calcium release.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.
however , a full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease has remained elusive.
consequently , there are currently no effective therapeutic options that can modify the disease progression and slow or stop the decline of cognitive functioning.
early studies have indicated that the sumo system is likely altered with ad-type pathology , which may impact aβ levels and tau aggregation.
ongoing studies will determine how these sumo-regulated functions in neurons and glial cells may be impacted by aβ and ad pathology.
down's syndrome ( ds ) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability and is a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome @number@ trisomy.
the pericentrin gene ( pcnt ) has sequenced in 21q22.3 inside of the minimal critical region for down's syndrome.
alterations of pcnt gene are associated with dwarfism , cardiomyopathy and other pathologies.
in the present case-control study , pcnt gene expression was increased by @percent@ in @number@ out @number@ ds samples compared with normal subjects.
our data suggest that changes in the expression levels of pcnt in ds subjects may be involved into the molecular mechanism of down's syndrome.
the heritability of borderline personality ( bp ) features has been established in multiple twin and family studies.
reduced myelination has been suggested as possibly having a role in the development of psychiatric disorders characterized by lack of social interaction.
the signal was confirmed in a third independent dutch cohort drawn from the erasmus rucphen family study ( n = 1301 ) .
our analyses were complemented by investigating the heterogeneity that was implied by the differences in genetic variance components in the four subscales of the pai-bor.
these analyses show that the association of snps tagging serinc5 differs substantially across the @number@ items of the pai-bor.
further , using reverse regression we showed that the effects were present only in subjects with higher scores on the pai-bor.
taken together , these results suggest that future genome-wide analyses can benefit substantially by taking into account the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of bp features.
thirty-eight healthy young and older adult volunteers lay prone on an apparatus with shoulders flexed 75° and arms slightly flexed.
the non-dominant hand was subjected to three trials of impulsive loading with arm muscles precontracted to @number@ @number@ or @percent@ of maximum pre-cocontraction levels.
limb kinematic data and upper extremity electromyographic ( emg ) activity were acquired.
the peak applied force ( f1 ) occurred a mean ( ± sd ) @number@ ( ± @number@ ) ms after impact.
the latencies for the wrist , elbow , and shoulder displacements were @number@ ± @number@ @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ ms , respectively.
methods : we recruited @number@ consecutive outpatients with ad , @number@ with mci , and @number@ normal cognitive aging controls ( nc ) .
mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) was performed for all of the subjects.
results : only @percent@ of ad and @percent@ of mci responded correctly about the recent news while @percent@ of nc responded correctly.
among patients with ad and mci , one third of them showed \ "saving appearance behavior \ ".
conclusions : \ "what is the latest news on tv or papers ? \ " was highly effective in identifying ad and mci.
the timed up and go test was performed preoperatively.
timed up and go results were grouped as fast ≤ @number@ seconds , intermediate = 11-14 seconds , and slow ≥ @number@ seconds.
receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the @number@ timed up and go groups to current standard-of-care surgical risk calculators at forecasting postoperative complications.
results : this study included @number@ subjects ( mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
conclusions : slower timed up and go forecasted increased postoperative complications and 1-year mortality across surgical specialties.
regardless of operation performed , the timed up and go compared favorably to the more complex risk calculators at forecasting postoperative complications.
background : aging is an established risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy ( cin ) .
however , little information is available on the incidence and clinical outcome of cin for the elderly patients in japan.
objectives : we determined the incidence and clinical outcome of cin in the japanese elderly patient.
conclusion : aging ( age ≥ @number@ ) is a risk factor for cin in japanese.
cin in the elderly patients may be associated with prolonged renal dysfunction and poor prognosis.
postprandial insulin release is lower in healthy aerobically trained ( t ) compared to untrained ( ut ) individuals.
the insulin and gip responses were markedly lower in t than ut and correlated during the first @number@ min after the liquid meal.
satiety measures did not differ between groups throughout the test.
it is possible that in aerobically t subjects , a lower gip release is partly responsible for a lower postprandial incretin stimulated insulin secretion.
the performance of many everyday activities requires the coordination of the two upper limbs to achieve the goal of the task.
specifically , they reached to grasp cylinders located at near and far positions in either unimanual or bimanual condition.
older children employed a hybrid strategy , exhibiting slower movements in bimanual congruent conditions , but larger non-dominant apertures in bimanual incongruent conditions.
this hybrid strategy was hypothesized to stem from developmental changes occurring in the integration of sensory information around @number@ years of age.
background : hiv and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infections may increase interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) and c-reactive protein ( crp ) .
however , relationships between inflammatory biomarkers , chronic viral infections , clinical factors , and behavioral factors remain poorly understood.
conclusion : hiv and hcv infections contribute to chronic inflammation ; however , reduced crp possibly occurs through hcv-mediated mechanisms.
findings highlight potentially modifiable contributors to inflammation.
importance the search for novel alzheimer disease ( ad ) genes or pathologic mutations within known ad loci is ongoing.
caribbean hispanics are known to have an elevated risk for ad and tend to have large families with evidence of inbreeding.
design we used genome-wide array data to identify rohs ( > 1 megabase ) and conducted global burden and locus-specific roh analyses.
setting a whole-genome case-control roh study.
exposure alzheimer disease risk genes.
main outcomes and measures we calculated the total and mean lengths of the rohs per sample.
global burden measurements among autosomal chromosomes were investigated in cases vs controls.
pools of overlapping roh segments ( consensus regions ) were identified , and the case to control ratio was calculated for each consensus region.
we formulated the tested hypothesis before data collection.
results in total , we identified @number@ @number@ autosomal regions with rohs.
conclusions and relevance our results show that rohs could significantly contribute to the etiology of ad.
future studies would require the analysis of larger , relatively inbred data sets that might reveal novel recessive ad genes.
the next step is to conduct sequencing of top significant loci in a subset of samples with overlapping rohs.
models of duration bisection have focused on the effects of stimulus spacing and stimulus modality.
however , interactions between stimulus spacing and stimulus modality have not been examined systematically.
two duration bisection experiments that address this issue are reported.
experiment @number@ showed that stimulus spacing influenced the classification of auditory , but not visual , stimuli.
we aimed to establish the neuropsychological profile of mild-moderate md in relation to mild-moderate ad.
cognitive domain scores are z-scores calculated using the mean and sds of the ad group.
there were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of patients with md and ad.
c-reactive protein ( crp ) participates in the systemic response to inflammation.
previous studies report inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between plasma crp and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
however , there was no significant association between plasma crp at baseline and subsequent cognitive decline as assessed by longitudinal changes in mmse score.
design : ' before ' and ' after ' study.
setting : three specialist elderly care wards in a general hospital.
subjects : older people admitted as emergencies.
methods : a multi-component delirium prevention intervention that targeted delirium risk factors was implemented by clinical staff.
demographic information and assessments for delirium risk factors were recorded by research staff within @number@ h of admission to the ward.
new onset ( incident ) delirium was diagnosed by daily research staff assessments using the confusion assessment method and delirium rating scale-revised-98.
incident delirium was significantly reduced ( 'before ' = @percent@ ; ' after ' = @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
delirium severity and duration were significantly reduced in the ' after ' group.
background : multi-compartment medication devices ( mmds ) are widely used , primarily by older people , to aid correct-medication taking.
such knowledge would assist healthcare practitioners in advising patients on a suitable choice of device.
objective : this study investigates the ease with which patients with differing functional ability use three types of mmd.
method : participants were recruited from an older person's medical ward.
demographic and medication information , cognitive function , visual acuity and manual dexterity were recorded.
the venalink® , nomad clear® and dosett® mmds were tested.
participants rated each mmd according to text readability , ease of opening , ease of medication removal , transportability and overall rating.
these ratings were compared between mmds for all patients and for subgroups with differing functional abilities.
results : the mmds were trialled by @number@ patients ; the majority rated text readability well but rated mmds poorly according to the other criteria.
cognitively impaired participants may encounter difficulties in opening and removing medication from venalink® and nomad®.
the dosett® consistently rated better across all criteria.
transportability was the most influential criterion for overall mmd usability.
conclusion : the poor patient rating of mmds which are widely used in practice is of concern.
some mmds may be difficult to open and access , especially for patients with cognitive impairment.
this offers some guidance to health professionals in advising patients on mmd choice however , overall mmd rating appears dominated by transportability.
a ' fear-avoidance ' model is often used to explain avoidance of activity in the face of pain.
objective : to investigate the reasons why older people in the community adjust their activity levels when living with chronic pain.
methods : thirty-one people aged between @number@ and @number@ were purposively sampled from respondents to a community-based cross-sectional survey.
all participants had reported long-term pain and were interviewed about this.
data were collected and analysed using a qualitative constructivist grounded theory approach.
findings : explanations for deliberative reduction or ceasing of activities reflected a desire to prevent pain exacerbation , thereby avoiding medical intervention.
it also reflected a desire to safeguard autonomy in the face of pain in older age.
restrictions were often rationalised as normal in older age , although co-existing accounts of perseverance and frustration with limitation were also evident.
conclusions : a rational desire to avoid pain exacerbation and medical intervention motivated restrictions to activity.
however , deliberative limitation of activity has the potential to compromise autonomy by increasing social isolation and de-conditioning.
supporting older people with pain to be active requires sensitivity to the function of activity restriction , especially as a means of preventing deterioration.
methods : anatomical magnetic resonance images were acquired from @number@ adolescent and adult female subjects with bn and @number@ healthy age-matched control subjects.
we compared the groups in the morphological characteristics of their cerebral surfaces while controlling for age and illness duration.
results : significant reductions of local volumes on the brain surface were detected in frontal and temporoparietal areas in the bn compared with control participants.
reductions in inferior frontal regions correlated inversely with symptom severity , age , and stroop interference scores in the bn group.
conclusions : these findings suggest that local volumes of inferior frontal regions are smaller in individuals with bn compared with healthy individuals.
these reductions along the cerebral surface might contribute to functional deficits in self-regulation and to the persistence of these deficits over development in bn.
background : even with healthy and active aging , many older adults will experience a decrease in physical capacities.
this decrease might be associated with diminished functional autonomy.
however , little is known about the physical capacities associated with functional autonomy in older women and men.
objective : this study aimed to examine gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older women and men.
methods : secondary analyses were carried out using cross-sectional data from @number@ women and @number@ men who participated in the nuage longitudinal study.
the \ "functional autonomy measurement system \ " ( smaf ) was used to evaluate functional autonomy.
correlation and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age , depressive symptoms and body composition were performed.
results : on average , participants were aged @number@ years and had mild to moderate functional autonomy loss.
conclusion : according to these results , physical capacities are moderately associated with functional autonomy among independent older adults , especially women.
the objective of this study is to examine the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in peruvian navy veteran's older adults and family members.
additionally , information on socio-demographic factors , medical conditions , depressive symptoms , disability , and cognitive function were obtained.
we conclude that prevalence of pre-frail and frail status in peruvian navy veterans and family members is high.
our data reports risk factors for frailty that have been reported in the past in other population groups.
however , brain banks have evolved to accommodate the banking of biofluids as well as dna and rna samples.
we describe a biobanking system that is a platform for discovery research at the center for neurodegenerative disease research at the university of pennsylvania.
this test has been shown to predict fall risk , but the biomechanics of this test are not fully understood.
knee and hip kinetics ( moments and powers ) are greater for longer steps and for younger subjects , but younger subjects also step farther.
knee and hip kinetics and knee co-contraction were calculated.
fallers had greater stepping knee co-contraction than non-fallers.
stance knee co-contraction of non-fallers was similar to young for shorter steps and similar to fallers for longer steps.
interpretation : age had minimal effects and fall history had no effects on joint kinetics of steps to similar distances.
we review intervention research documenting change in personality.
these methods dovetail with , and add a systematic and rigorous psychosocial dimension to , the personalized medicine and patient-centeredness movements in medicine.
we also asked participants to estimate the approximate age by which people develop and lose cp across adulthood.
we expected an interesting interplay between internalized age stereotypes and age-related differentiation in beliefs about personality development.
older adults perceived increases in both gains and losses in cp in old age.
but they still maintained a similar level of self-perceived cp traits when compared with young participants.
emerging , young , and middle-aged adults were less optimistic about their creativity development into old age.
young adults , in contrast to older adults , believed that gains in cp began and ceased at an earlier age.
positive perceptions of cp in one's aging process may have implications for aging successfully.
there are also a few empirical findings that cast doubt on that conclusion.
in light of these ambiguities the present experiments were designed to answer the question in a more definitive fashion.
over a series of @number@ experiments , groups of younger and older adults performed recall and recognition tests successively on the same lists of words.
this conclusion is in line with several theoretical accounts of age-related differences in cognitive processing and also with emerging evidence from cognitive neuroscience.
in experiment @number@ we confirm age-related differences in haptic 2d shape recognition , and we show the typical age × complexity interaction.
in experiment @number@ we target the last step in the model ( matching and naming ) for complex stimuli.
we found that age differences in exploration time were considerably reduced when this component process was facilitated by providing a category name.
the present study examined age-related differences in multisensory integration and the role of attention in age-related differences in multisensory integration.
the effects of integration were examined when discriminating 1-3 flashes , 1-3 beeps , or 1-3 flashes presented with 1-3 beeps.
stimulus conditions were blocked according to these conditions with baseline ( unisensory ) performance assessed during the multisensory block.
older participants demonstrated greater multisensory integration a greater influence of the beeps when judging the number of visual flashes than younger observers.
in a second experiment , the role of attention was assessed using a go / no-go paradigm.
the results of experiment @number@ replicated those of experiment @number@
these results demonstrate that older individuals exhibit increased multisensory integration compared with younger individuals.
attention was also found to modulate the strength of the sound-induced flash illusion.
however , the results also suggest that attention was not likely to be a factor in the age-related differences in multisensory integration.
working memory declines with normal aging , but the nature of this impairment is debated.
however , some investigations have reported intact binding with aging , and specific deficits arising only in alzheimer's disease.
this increase in recall variability with age was strongest under conditions of greater memory load.
these results indicate a systematic decline with age in working memory resources that can be recruited to store visual information.
the paradigm presented here provides a sensitive index of both memory resolution and feature binding , with the potential for assessing their modulation by interventions.
the findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underpinning working memory deficits in both health and disease.
older adults ( @number@ + years ) often have greater difficulty in reading than young adults ( 18-30 years ) .
however , the extent to which this difficulty is attributable to impaired eye-movement control is uncertain.
to address this issue , the alignment and location of the two eyes ' fixations during reading were monitored for young and older adults.
thus , the difficulty older adults experience in reading is not related to oculomotor control , which appears to be preserved into older age.
mammalian neural stem cells ( nscs ) are of particular interest because of their role in brain development and function.
recent findings suggest the intimate involvement of programmed cell death ( pcd ) in the turnover of nscs.
however , the underlying mechanisms of pcd are largely unknown.
this mini-review aims to illustrate a unique regulation of pcd in nscs.
the results of our recent studies on autophagic death of adult hippocampal neural stem ( hcn ) cells are also discussed.
efforts aimed at protecting and harnessing endogenous nscs will offer novel opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathologies.
the study includes the vision , methodology , and specific steps taken to implement this spiritual care program and methods to measure its efficacy.
it is not known whether plin2 expression changes with age and if this has consequences on muscle mass and strength.
we found that plin2 expression increases with age , this phenomenon being particularly evident in patients.
moreover , plin2 expression is inversely correlated with quadriceps strength and vl thickness.
to investigate the molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon , we focused on igf-1 / p53 network / signalling pathway , involved in muscle physiology.
we found that plin2 expression strongly correlates with increased p53 activation and reduced igf-1 expression.
to confirm these observations made on humans , we studied mice overexpressing muscle-specific igf-1 , which are protected from sarcopenia.
these mice resulted almost negative for the expression of plin2 and p53 at two years of age.
the data also suggest that excessive intramuscular fat accumulation could be the initial trigger for p53 activation and consequent loss of muscle mass and strength.
this paper describes a case-control study and a meta-analysis conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between cetp 405v and longevity.
a synergy was detected between 405v and apoe ε4 ( p = 0.001 , or = 0.530 ) .
after ethnic stratification , 405v remained a risk allele in east asians but no significant association was found in europeans or white americans.
conclusion : our case-control study suggests cetp 405v as a risk allele against longevity in chinese.
the main focus of this study is to illustrate the applicability of latent class analysis in the assessment of cognitive performance profiles during ageing.
gender , age and number of school years were explored as variables.
three cognitive dimensions were identified : general cognition ( mmse ) , memory ( mem ) and executive ( exec ) function.
based on these , three latent classes of cognitive performance profiles ( lc1 to lc3 ) were identified among the older adults.
bayesian lca provided a powerful tool to explore cognitive typologies among healthy cognitive agers.
outcomes were mobility limitations and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living.
results : findings showed high levels of disability in the us with small age-related changes between @number@ and @number@
levels of disability were generally lower in eastern europe , followed by england and southern europe and lowest in northern and western europe.
in these latter countries age-related increases of disability , though , were steeper than in the us , especially in eastern and southern europe.
conclusions : this paper illustrates considerable variations of disability and its relationship with age.
background : in eukaryotes the genetic material is enclosed by a continuous membrane system , the nuclear envelope ( ne ) .
along the ne specific proteins assemble to form meshworks and mutations in these proteins have been described in a group of human diseases called laminopathies.
laminopathies include lipodystrophies , muscle and cardiac diseases as well as metabolic or progeroid syndromes.
results : here we narrowed down the interaction sites between lamin a and nesprin-2 to aa 403-425 in lamin a and aa 6146-6347 in nesprin-2.
the most notable mutation is the lamin a mutation q432x that alters linc complex protein assemblies and causes chromosomal and transcription factor rearrangements.
conclusion : mutations in nesprin-2 and lamin a are characterised by complex genotype phenotype relations.
interleukin-8 ( il-8 ) is postulated to be a chronic stress biomarker.
however , no studies have tracked il-8 over several shifts or used it for monitoring short-term residual stress.
the il-8 response to the shifts may also increase with age.
conveniently , il-8 can be measured non-intrusively from urine.
mean levels of il-8 were compared using a wilcoxon matched-pairs test.
independent associations of key factors including shifts , stress , and age with il-8 levels were further assessed in a multivariable generalized estimating equations model.
results : mean urinary il-8 levels almost doubled during and after a @number@ hs compared with a @number@ hs or a control day.
in the multivariable model , engaging in a @number@ hs , self-reported stress , and age were independently associated with higher il-8 levels.
a @number@ hs significantly increased il-8 levels by @number@ ng ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the @number@ hs generated a prolonged response of the immune system.
urinary il-8 was a strong biomarker of stress under intensive and prolonged demands , both acutely and over time.
recently , a few studies have demonstrated that phthalates could cause oxidative stress which would contribute to the development of ir.
therefore , we evaluated whether exposure to phthalates affects ir , and oxidative stress is involved in the phthalates-ir pathway.
methods : we recruited @number@ elderly participants , and obtained blood and urine samples during repeated medical examinations.
malondialdehyde ( mda ) , an oxidative stress biomarker , was also measured in urine samples.
we measured serum levels of fasting glucose and insulin , and derived the homeostatic model assessment ( homa ) index to assess ir.
a mixed-effect model and penalized regression spline were used to estimate the associations among phthalate metabolites , mda , and ir.
however , the relation between mnbp and homa was not found.
the purpose of this study was to characterize quadriceps femoris muscle fatigue of both lower extremities in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
sixty-two subjects ( mean age @number@ years , standard deviation [ sd ] ± @number@ years ) with knee oa participated in the study.
significantly higher knee pain was reported in the involved knee than in the contralateral knee , as determined by a visual analog scale.
furthermore , normalization of the fatigue results to the first contraction yielded a similar result ( p < @number@ ) .
similar results were noted when analysis was performed separately for subjects whose involvement was unilateral or bilateral.
hypotheses for these unexpected results are suggested.
rehabilitation of patients with knee oa should focus on increasing quadriceps muscle strength and endurance for both lower extremities.
introduction : the aim of this study is to report our 6-year single-center experience with l5-s1 axial lumbar interbody fusion ( axialif ) .
computed tomography was used to determine postoperative fusion status.
results : no intraoperative complications , including vascular , neural , urologic , or bowel injuries , were reported.
back and leg pain severity decreased by @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , during the follow-up period ( both p < @number@ ) .
back function scores improved @percent@ compared to baseline.
the employment rate increased from @percent@ before surgery to @percent@ at final follow-up ( p < @number@ ) .
less than one in four patients regularly used analgesic medications postsurgery.
patient satisfaction with the axialif procedure was @percent@.
the fusion rate was @percent@ at final follow-up.
eight ( @percent@ ) reoperations were at the index level.
conclusion : single-level axialif is a safe and effective means to achieve lumbosacral fusion in patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease.
the v ( o₂p ) was measured breath by breath using mass spectrometry and a volume turbine.
femoral artery mean blood velocity was measured by doppler ultrasound , and lbf was calculated from femoral artery diameter and mean blood velocity.
similar to previous findings , hypo was associated with slower v ( o₂p ) and lbf kinetics compared with con.
background : older people are exposed to multiple medicines that possess anticholinergic properties.
the use of anticholinergic medicines is associated with the risk of morbidity , mortality and cognitive decline , particularly in older people.
methods : the study used data extracted from pharmaceutical claims data mart ( pharms ) for the year @number@
a total of @number@ individuals aged @number@ years and older were included in the study , of whom @number@ % were men.
anticholinergic exposure was measured using the dbi-ach and the ads.
the mean number of medicines dispensed was @number@ ± @number@ ( ± sd ) with a @number@ % confidence interval of @number@.63-5.65.
ads level @number@ medicines such as amitriptyline , nortriptyline and oxybutynin were commonly prescribed in both groups.
amitriptyline , nortriptyline , oxybutynin and paroxetine are medicines considered to have significant anticholinergic potency.
of these medicines , nortriptyline and oxybutynin were more frequently prescribed in individuals taking donepezil.
conclusions : a significant proportion of older people are exposed to medicines with anticholinergic properties , including those dispensed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
further research is required to explore associations between different measures of anticholinergic exposure and clinically relevant outcomes in older people on a population level.
this study examines the perspectives of aging cancer patients on the financial burden of their cancer treatments.
methods : a single-center , prospective study was conducted in the largest ambulatory cancer center in singapore.
older ( @number@ years old and above ) cancer patients receiving treatment were recruited.
the association between targeted therapy utilities and their perceived financial burden was evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression.
results : five hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study.
the majority of the respondents ( @number@ % ) were between @number@ and @number@ years old.
fortunately , the majority of the respondents ( @number@ % ) found their existing financial schemes helpful in reducing the necessary out-of-pocket expenses.
this is especially true for users of targeted therapies and those who have a poorer health status.
hiv-infected individuals suffer from accelerated aging , which manifests as premature cardiovascular and bone disease.
however , little is known of the association of these two disorders in the hiv population.
the study was conducted at the university of modena and reggio emilia , italy.
a total of @number@ consecutive middle-aged , hiv-infected subjects were recruited between @date@ and @date@ .
all patients underwent cac and bmd assessment.
low femoral and lumbar spine bmd was defined as < 25th percentile value for the study cohort.
logistic regression and bootstrap analysis were used to assess the independent association between cac and bmd.
the main outcome measure was a cac score > 100.
patients with cac > @number@ were older and more likely to be men , diabetic , and overweight.
patients with cac < @number@ had better renal function and a lower cardiovascular risk profile.
bootstrap analyses confirmed these findings.
in summary , cac was independently associated with low femoral bmd in hiv-infected patients.
future studies should test whether therapies that attenuate cardiovascular risk in hiv favorably impact bone health.
tfs sensitivity was not correlated with absolute sensitivity at the test frequency.
conclusions : some suprathreshold auditory processing abilities decline throughout adulthood , even when an individual's peripheral hearing is clinically normal.
efficacy of treatment on corrugator supercilii muscles was measured by compound motor action potential ( cmap ) and electromyography ( emg ) .
photographs were used to score glabellar frown lines.
cmap reduction correlated well with intramuscular bont-a dose.
limited diffusion of orbicularis oculi was detected with cne.
in conclusion , we developed a novel neurophysiological strategy for effect evaluation of bont-a in glabellar muscles.
cmap and emg correlated with given bont-a dose and are more defined effect measures than clinical glabellar photo scales.
background : older adults undergo operations as our population ages.
in particular , these patients have more diseases including dementia and medications that put them specifically at higher risk of delirium.
conclusions : today , surgeons must be equipped to attend the geriatric patient's needs.
early recognition of comorbidities such as dementia and delirium as well as speedy and competent therapeutic treatment can limit consequences and impact.
these reference data should be instrumental in interpretation of results.
introduction : the skeletal system has high metabolic activity.
in children , bone markers may be useful in diagnostics and treatment management of skeletal diseases but there could be difficulties with interpretation of results.
compared with adults , children have elevated bone marker levels due to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone turnover.
thus , valid age- and sex-specific reference data should be obtained for each pediatric population living in a particular climate and with a similar lifestyle.
methods : four hundred thirty-nine healthy caucasian children participated.
their height , weight , and pubertal stage were recorded.
fasting pinp and oc were measured using a morning blood sample.
results : the highest levels of pinp were observed during the first year of life.
there is no oc postnatal peak , but levels are higher than the adult reference interval throughout childhood.
pinp peaks during second-third tanner stage of breast development in girls and at third tanner stage of genital development in boys.
conclusion : this study provides reference data for oc and pinp in healthy caucasian children from a central european population.
berberine ( brb ) , a natural alkaloid , has a long history of medicinal use in both ayurvedic and old chinese medicine.
recently , available as a dietary supplement , berberine is reported to have application in treatment of variety diseases.
previously we observed that brb inhibited mtor / s6 signaling concurrently with reduction of the level of endogenous oxidants and constitutive dna damage response.
we currently tested whether berberine can affect premature , stress-induced cellular senescence caused by mitoxantrone.
all these markers of senescence were distinctly diminished , in a concentration-dependent manner , by berberine.
in support of this mechanism is the observation that rhodamine123 , the cationic probe targeting mitochondrial electron chain , also suppressed rps6 phosphorylation.
recent findings : the recent studies confirm an increase in population tsh distribution with age , both in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
conclusive evidence about adverse cardiovascular , metabolic , and cognitive consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly remains elusive.
the transient nature of subtle degrees of thyroid dysfunction in a significant proportion of elderly patients has also been reproduced in the recent publications.
background : cancers are emerging public health problems in developing countries like nigeria.
the epidemiological shift and aging population make cancers a challenge.
objective : we set out to describe the pattern of death due to cancer in our medical ward.
the hospital is one of the premier hospitals covering the south east zone of nigeria.
statistical analysis used : statistical package for social sciences ( spss inc.
chicago , il ) version @number@ was used.
results : twenty seven thousand , five hundred and fourteen patients were admitted into the medical wards.
six thousand , two hundred and fifty died.
out of the @number@ deaths , cancers accounted for @percent@.
male to female ratio was @number@.4 : 1.
the mean age at death was @number@ ± @number@ years.
the overall fatality rate was @percent@ ( 477 / 27 @number@ ) of medical admissions.
younger and middle age groups were most commonly affected in both sexes.
results : self-rated health was a consistent predictor of mortality , but the respondent's expected health rating-10 years in the future-was an independent predictor.
premature graying is an important cause of low self-esteem , often interfering with socio-cultural adjustment.
premature canities may occur alone as an autosomal dominant condition or in association with various autoimmune or premature aging syndromes.
it needs to be differentiated from various genetic hypomelanotic hair disorders.
reduction in melanogenically active melanocytes in the hair bulb of gray anagen hair follicles with resultant pigment loss is central to the pathogenesis of graying.
defective melanosomal transfers to cortical keratinocytes and melanin incontinence due to melanocyte degeneration are also believed to contribute to this.
the white color of canities is an optical effect ; the reflection of incident light masks the intrinsic pale yellow color of hair keratin.
graying of hair is usually progressive and permanent , but there are occasional reports of spontaneous repigmentation of gray hair.
studies evaluating the association of canities with osteopenia and cardiovascular disease have revealed mixed results.
despite the extensive molecular research being carried out to understand the pathogenesis of canities , there is paucity of effective evidence-based treatment options.
in the end , camouflage techniques using hair colorants are outlined.
we address this imperative by offering a relevant curriculum through a public-health lens , designed especially for university undergraduate students.
each of these components represents a range of elements that contribute to the picture of complexity in chronic care.
we emphasize that planning for chronic care requires equal attention to the complexity of all four components.
further empirical research is needed to assess the validity of our complexity framework in the health-care environment.
objectives : subtle deficits in visual selective attention have been found in amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) .
furthermore , there is limited research investigating how deficiencies can be ameliorated with exogenous support ( auditory cues ) .
results : visual selective attention was influenced by amci , auditory cues , and task characteristics.
visual search abilities were relatively consistent across groups.
the amci participants were impaired on the simon task when working memory was required , but conflict resolution was similar to controls.
spatially informative orienting cues improved response times , whereas spatially neutral alerting cues did not influence performance.
is the developing bilingual brain fundamentally similar to the monolingual brain ( e.g. , neural resources supporting language and cognition ) ?
or , does early-life bilingual language experience change the brain ?
if so , how does age of first bilingual exposure impact neural activation for language ?
bilingual participants included early-exposed ( bilingual exposure from birth ) and later-exposed individuals ( bilingual exposure between ages 4-6 ) .
however , important differences were observed between early-exposed and later-exposed bilinguals in their earliest-exposed language.
early bilingual exposure imparts fundamental changes to classic language areas instead of alterations to brain regions governing higher cognitive executive functions.
however , age of first bilingual exposure does matter.
later-exposed bilinguals showed greater recruitment of the prefrontal cortex relative to early-exposed bilinguals and monolinguals.
background : hospitalised older people are at risk for poor functioning after hospital discharge.
design : a longitudinal prospective cohort study.
setting : a 450-bed hospital in the netherlands.
subjects : four hundred and sixty patients @number@ years or older admitted between @date@ and @date@ .
methods : participants were classified into five risk groups at hospital admission using the isar-hp.
differences in survival were quantified by a concordance statistic ( c ) .
the lowest risk group ( isar-hp = @number@ ) scored consistently higher on functioning and hrqol than all other groups.
mortality differed significantly between groups ( p < @number@ c = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the isar-hp can readily distinguish well-functioning older patients from patients with low functioning and low hrqol after hospital admission.
exceptionally long-lived people may be enriched for genes that contribute to their longevity , some of which may bear on immune function.
we have tested this hypothesis by comparing centenarian offspring with age-matched controls.
methods : oral glucose tolerance test was performed in a total of @number@ chinese without diabetes history.
insulin sensitivity was estimated by matsuda's insulin sensitivity index ( matsuda isi ) , and insulin secretion was measured by the insulinogenic index.
results : a higher proportion of postchallenge hyperglycemia ( ph ) , both in prediabetes and in diabetes stage , was associated with older age.
these differences were independent of body mass index and waist circumference.
conclusions : older chinese without diabetes are characterized with worse insulin secretion and better insulin sensitivity.
insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance may contribute disproportionately to abnormal glucose tolerance in people of different age.
cdkn1a ( p21 ) and cdkn2a ( p16 ) inhibit cdk4 / 6 , initiating senescence.
recently we demonstrated that one of the markers of p21- and p16-initiated senescence is mek-dependent hyper-elevation of cyclin d1.
we noticed that a synthetic inhibitor of cdk @date@ ( pd0332991 ) also induced cyclin d1-positive senescence.
like p21 , pd0332991 initiated senescence at any concentration that inhibited cell proliferation.
this confirms the notion that a mere arrest in the presence of active mtor may lead to senescence.
background & aims : life expectancy is an important consideration when assessing appropriateness of preventive programs for older individuals.
most studies on this subject have used age cutoffs as a proxy for life expectancy.
we analyzed patterns of utilization of screening colonoscopy in medicare enrollees by using estimated life expectancy.
methods : we used a @percent@ random national sample of medicare claims data to identify average-risk patients who underwent screening colonoscopies from @number@ to @number@
we estimated life expectancies by using a model that combined age , sex , and comorbidity.
among patients who underwent screening colonoscopies , we calculated the percentage of those with life expectancies < 10 years.
conclusions : nearly @percent@ of medicare beneficiaries , especially men , had life expectancies < 10 years at the time of screening colonoscopies.
life expectancy should therefore be incorporated in decision-making for preventive services.
however , its neuroprotective mechanisms against cerebral ischemia injury are poorly understood.
aim of the study : to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of baicalin against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
moreover , we studied the neuroprotective effects of baicalin by using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo.
fetmpyp , a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst , was used as positive control.
results : baicalin revealed strong antioxidant ability by directly scavenging superoxide and reacting with peroxynitrite.
baicalin protected the neuronal cells from extraneous and endogenous peroxynitrite-induced neurotoxicity.
conclusions : baicalin can directly scavenge peroxynitrite and the peroxynitrite-scavenging ability contributes to its neuroprotective mechanisms against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
key brain networks underlying cognition , emotion , and motivation are innervated by major transmitter systems ( e.g. , the catecholamines and acetylcholine ) .
thus , the maturation and senescence of neurotransmitter systems have direct implications for lifespan development.
objective : to identify the neuromuscular attributes that are associated with self-reported mobility status among older primary care patients.
design : cohort study.
setting : metropolitan-based health care system.
interventions : not applicable.
main outcome measures : basic and advanced lower extremity function as measured by the late life function and disability instrument.
results : we constructed multivariable linear regression models evaluating both outcomes.
sensitivity analyses conducted using multiple imputations to account for missing data confirmed these findings.
these findings will inform the design of more thorough and potentially more effective disability prevention strategies.
mutations in ubqln2 have been shown to be a cause of dominant x-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
occurrences of mutations in this gene vary across als populations.
we screened ubqln2 for mutations in a final cohort of @number@ irish als patients.
individuals who were from families with male-to-male transmission or who carried pathogenic hexanucleotide repeat expansions in c9orf72 were excluded.
apart from common synonymous variation , no sequence variants in ubqln2 were observed.
mutations in ubqln2 are therefore not a frequent cause of als in the irish population.
however , very little is known about the function of pich or how it is recruited to ufbs.
we show that pich binds with a remarkably high affinity to duplex dna , resulting in atp-dependent protein translocation and extension of the dna.
pich binding also appears to diminish force-induced dna melting.
we propose a model in which pich recognizes and stabilizes dna under tension during anaphase , thereby facilitating the resolution of entangled sister chromatids.
objectives : growing evidence shows several possible relations between religiousness and late-life depression.
emotional aspects of religiousness such as facets of the perceived relationship with god can be crucial in this connection.
the aim of the current study was to examine the association between the course of late-life depression and feelings about god and religious coping.
design : longitudinal survey study ; naturalistic ; 12-year follow-up.
setting : longitudinal aging study amsterdam ; population-based , in three regions in the netherlands.
measurements : scales on god image and religious coping.
twelve-year depression course trajectories serve as predicting variables and are specified according to recency and seriousness.
results : persistent and emergent depression are significantly associated with fear of god , feeling wronged by god , and negative religious coping.
conclusions : late-life depression seems to maintain a pervasive relationship over time with affective aspects of religiousness.
religious feelings may parallel the symptoms of anhedonia or a dysphoric mood and could represent the experience of an existential void.
we expected alcohol use to be similar to previous reports , correlate with higher anxiety and insomnia , and worsen the anxiety-insomnia relationship.
design : baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.
setting : michael e. debakey va medical center and baylor college of medicine.
participants : @number@ patients , @number@ years and older , with gad.
results : most patients endorsed alcohol use , but frequency was low.
presence and frequency were greater than in previous reports of primary care samples.
whites reported more drinks / week than african-americans.
more drinks / week were associated with higher education and lower anxiety ( sigh-a ) .
weaker relationships between worry / anxiety and insomnia occurred for those drinking.
drink frequency moderated the positive association between the penn state worry questionnaire-abbreviated and insomnia , which was lower with higher frequency of drinking.
conclusions : older adults with gad use alcohol at an increased rate , but mild to moderate drinkers do not experience sleep difficulties.
a modest amount of alcohol may minimize the association between anxiety / worry and insomnia among this group.
objective : to identify salient characteristics of frailty that increase risk of death in depressed elders.
methods : data were from the nordic research on ageing study from research sites in denmark , sweden , and finland.
participants were @number@ adults aged @number@ years ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) .
time of death was obtained , providing a maximum survival time of @time@ ( initial evaluation took place between @number@ and @number@ ) .
a similar pattern was observed for fatigue.
methods : participants were randomly chosen from the population-based hallym aging study , irrespective of whether they had knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) or pain.
demographic and knee pain data were obtained by questionnaire.
radiographic evaluations consisted of weight-bearing knee anteroposterior radiographs and @number@.5-t mri scans.
mri was performed in the dominant knees of subjects without knee pain and in the more symptomatic knees of subjects with knee pain.
bmls were graded according to the whole-organ mri score.
results : the mean age of the @number@ study subjects was @number@ years , and @percent@ of subjects had radiographically detected knee oa.
the prevalences of bmls and large bmls in the tibiofemoral compartments were @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively.
in proportional regression analysis , knee pain severity increased with bml severity in any compartment and in the medial compartment.
conclusion : bmls detected by mri were highly prevalent in this elderly asian population.
bmls were significantly linked to knee pain , and bml severity correlated with knee pain severity.
bmls may be important surrogate targets for monitoring pain and structure modification in oa therapeutics.
executive impairment is prominent in schizophrenia , in conditions such as parkinson's disease and dementia and in healthy aging.
identifying processes that critically constrain executive function can advance investigation of their biological basis and treatment planning.
recent findings that elderly healthy individuals showed similar impairment on conditional exclusion task as schizophrenia patients raised the question whether similar processes are impaired.
schizophrenia patients performed worse than elderly healthy on abstraction , inhibition and verbal working memory.
they were similarly impaired on penn conditional exclusion test ( pcet ) outcome measures but differed in performance characteristics.
schizophrenia patients needed relatively more trials to learn the first pcet category than the second or the third.
this correlated with other cognitive impairments , particularly in working memory.
elderly healthy individuals found it most difficult to learn the last category.
the two groups showed different error patterns.
these constitute distinct targets for customized treatment in the two conditions.
twenty-six studies were considered for the review , from @date@ to @date@ .
research results are heterogeneous because of the multifactorial features of schizophrenia and the multiplicity of the methodological approaches adopted.
some areas , within the amygdala-hippocampus complex , which are affected early in life by schizophrenia , age in a physiological way.
further extensive longitudinal studies are needed to understand the timing and the possible degenerative characteristics of structural impairment associated with schizophrenia.
impaired insight into illness is a common but poorly understood phenomenon in schizophrenia.
aging is associated with a decline in attention and executive function.
thus , the relationship between cognition and insight is expected to differ between younger and older adults with schizophrenia.
this study assessed this relationship among @number@ patients with schizophrenia @number@ years and older.
our findings suggest that the predictors of insight in schizophrenia differ early and later in life.
in particular , insight's association with attention and executive function observed in younger patients is attenuated by age-related changes in cognition.
we also assessed prepare ease-of-use ( 10-point scale , @number@ being the easiest ) .
changes were assessed with wilcoxon signed rank sum tests and mcnemar's tests.
results : mean age of the participants was @number@ years ( sd @number@ ) , and @percent@ were nonwhite.
behavior change process measures average likert scores increased from @number@ ( @number@ ) to @number@ ( @number@ ) , p < @number@
action measures did not change significantly.
prepare was rated a nine of ten ( ±1.9 ) for ease-of-use.
a clinical trial of prepare is currently underway.
near falls ( nfs ) are more frequent than falls , and may occur before falls , potentially predicting fall risk.
as such , identification of a nf is important.
we aimed to assess intra and inter-rater reliability of the traditional definition of a nf and to demonstrate the potential utility of a new definition.
all walks were videotaped.
forty-nine video segments were extracted to create @number@ clips each of @number@ min.
four raters scored each event using the traditional definition and , two weeks later , using the new definition.
a fifth rater used only the new definition.
intra-rater reliability was determined using kappa ( k ) statistics and inter-rater reliability was determined using icc.
with the traditional definition , inter-rater reliability between the four raters was moderate ( icc = 0.667 , p < 0.001 ) .
therefore , a more precise definition of nf is required.
results : at rest , lv twist was lower in children , because of a higher temporal dispersion of peak rotation between base and apex.
nevertheless , children exhibited normal lv filling due to higher diastolic radial and longitudinal strain rates.
conclusions : twist-untwist mechanics may evolve with advancing age.
in children , early diastolic lv untwisting appears to be less important than in adults.
objectives : there is a widespread consensus that diabetes impairs cognitive functioning.
to better understand the causality in diabetes-cognition relationship , this study investigates the association of older-age diabetes with concurrent and childhood cognitive functioning.
methods : lothian birth cohort @number@ participants ( n = 1017 ) completed the same general cognitive ability test at ages @number@ and @number@ years.
scores were compared between those with and without diabetes at age @number@
diabetes status was based on self-reports and haemoglobin a1c levels.
results : people with diabetes had lower mean cognitive ability scores at ages @number@ and @number@ when compared with those without diabetes.
the effect size was roughly similar at both ages ( cohen's d≈0.32 ) .
when adjusted for age-11 cognitive ability , diabetes status was not associated with cognitive ability at age @number@
the association between childhood cognitive ability and older-age diabetes was partly accounted for by body mass index and cholesterol level in older-age.
results : our results indicate that motor learning is significantly reduced in former concussed athletes relative to controls.
quality improvement ( qi ) initiatives are critical in the care of older adults who are more vulnerable to substandard care.
the authors developed , implemented , and evaluated a qi curriculum for geriatrics fellows.
qi knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors were assessed before and after the improvement project.
fellows ' knowledge of qi improved ( p = @number@ ) , but behavior did not change significantly across a short-term improvement project.
a structured focus group with fellows revealed themes of accountability and the importance of interprofessional teamwork in qi.
participants in the study were @number@ first-year social education students enrolled in an adult development and aging course.
they evaluated the assignment using an eight-adjective questionnaire and were asked about the benefits of the task.
their answers to the questionnaire were then reviewed using content analysis.
the results indicated that marks on the life story assignment predicted marks on an exam about basic course concepts.
medical schools must consider innovative ways to ensure that graduates are prepared to care for the aging population.
one way is to offer a geriatrics clerkship as an option for the fulfillment of a medical school's internal medicine rotation requirement.
the authors ' purpose was to evaluate the geriatrics clerkship's impact on internal medicine knowledge and medical student attitudes toward older adults.
academic performance was controlled for using the united states medical licensing exam step @number@ exam scores.
focus groups were conducted to explore student attitudes.
geriatrics students performed just as well on the nbme exam as their internal medicine colleagues , but reported greater comfort with elder care.
geriatrics students also reported more positive attitudes toward older adults.
completing an internal medicine requirement using a geriatrics clerkship is an innovation for medical school curriculum structure.
the interviews were conducted in new york and new jersey using a phenomenological approach ( moutsakas , @number@ ) .
results : about @percent@ of primary care patients are likely to meet criteria for mdd.
the number of cases will increase as the baby boomer cohort ages and as the prevalence of chronic disease increases.
the bidirectional relation between mdd and chronic disease is now firmly established.
detection and treatment rates in primary care remain low.
treatment quality is frequently inadequate in terms of follow-up and monitoring.
formal case management and collaborative care interventions are likely to provide some benefits.
conclusions : low detection rates and low treatment rates need to be addressed.
a caring , attentive fp who monitors depressed patients is likely to have considerable placebo effect.
greater focus on integrated , concurrent treatment for mdd and chronic physical diseases in the middle-aged and elderly is also required.
background : texture within biological specimens may reveal critical insights , while being very difficult to quantify.
this is a particular problem in histological analysis.
for example , cross-polar images of picrosirius stained skin reveal exquisite structure , allowing changes in the basketweave conformation of healthy collagen to be assessed.
moreover , screening methods for cutaneous therapeutics require accurate , unsupervised and high-throughput image analysis techniques.
conclusions : we describe a novel bioimaging approach with implications for the evaluation of pathology in a broader range of biological situations.
the rhythms of activity across the 24-h sleep-wake cycle , determined in part by the circadian clock , change with aging.
few large-scale studies measured the activity rhythm objectively in the general population.
activity rhythms were measured objectively with actigraphy.
both characteristics appear to be important for major health issues in old age.
non-treatment-seeking young adults at risk for drug problems ( n = @number@ ) were assessed for readiness to change.
structural equation modeling examined latent constructs : emotional distress , age , drug use severity , criminal behavior , gender , and race / ethnicity.
drug use severity fully mediated the relationship between emotional distress and readiness.
in addition , females and young adults with more severe drug problems may be more amenable to behavior change.
age-related macular degeneration ( armd ) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries.
there are currently no cures , but there are promising potential therapies that target the underlying disease mechanisms of dry armd.
stem cells , ciliary neurotrophic factor , rheopheresis , ozonated autohemotherapy and prostaglandins show promise in stabilizing or improving visual acuity.
age-related eye disease study vitamins may reduce progression to severe armd.
overall , geriatricians had more confidence and more knowledge in caring for older hospitalized adults.
the areas in which hospitalists expressed the least confidence were in caring for patients with dementia , self-care issues , and care planning.
geriatricians reported more routine medication reviews , functional and cognitive assessments , and fall evaluations.
geriatricians and hospitalists differ in their approach to older adults.
where these differences reflect lack of knowledge or experience , they set the stage for developing curricula to help narrow these gaps.
mitochondria are implicated in a variety of degenerative disorders and aging.
mass spectrometric analysis revealed extensive mitochondrial proteomic alterations in sh-sy5y cells based on oxygen culture condition.
among these , the rotenone-sensitive subunit of complex i ndufv3 was increased in cells cultured at @percent@ oxygen.
our results indicate that neuronal mitochondria are responsive to oxygen levels and produce differential responses under different oxygen levels.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is closely associated with aging , but its underlying mechanism is unclear.
recent publications were reviewed to elucidate the connection between aging and oa.
with increasing oa incidence , more senior people are facing heavy financial and social burdens.
age-related oa pathogenesis is not well understood.
recently , it has been realized that age-related changes in other tissues besides articular cartilage may also contribute to oa development.
lately , epigenetic regulation of gene expression was recognized for its impact on age-related oa pathogenesis.
up to now , few studies have been reported about the role of mirna and long-noncoding rna ( lncrna ) in age-related oa.
research focusing on this area may provide valuable insights into oa pathogenesis.
oa-induced financial and social burdens have become an increasingly severe threat to older population.
age-related changes in noncartilage tissue should be incorporated in the understanding of oa development.
growing attention on oxidative stress and epigenetics will provide more important clues for the better understanding of the age-related oa.
highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) has considerably improved the prognosis of hiv-infected patients.
there is consistent evidence for a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these pathologies.
several mechanisms explain these deleterious effects of haart on mitochondria , and evidence points to other mechanisms beyond the \ "pol- γ hypothesis. \ "
hiv infection has also direct effects on mitochondria.
mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in atp synthesis , apoptosis , calcium signaling , metabolism , and the synthesis of critical metabolic cofactors.
mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age-related degenerative diseases.
how mitochondrial dysfunction causes cell degeneration is not well understood.
ant is an abundant protein primarily involved in adp / atp exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
it also mediates basal proton leak and regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
missense mutations in the human ant1 cause several degenerative diseases which are commonly manifested by fractional mtdna deletions.
multiple models have been proposed to explain the ant1-induced pathogenesis.
studies from yeast have suggested that in addition to altered nucleotide transport properties , the mutant proteins cause a global stress on the inner membrane.
the mutant proteins likely interfere with general mitochondrial biogenesis in a dominant-negative manner , which secondarily destabilizes mtdna.
more recent work revealed that the ant-induced dcd is suppressed by reduced cytosolic protein synthesis.
this finding suggests a proteostatic crosstalk between mitochondria and the cytosol , which may play an important role for cell survival during aging.
the anti-aging hormone klotho and other glycosidases stimulate trpv5-dependent ca ( 2 + ) uptake.
klotho was found to increase the plasma membrane stability of trpv5 , via the trpv5 n-glycan.
sialidase mimicked this stimulatory action.
we showed that the increased trpv5 activity after sialidase treatment is caused by inhibition of lipid raft-mediated internalization.
in addition , sialidase modified the n-glycan of transferrin , a model glycoprotein , differently from klotho.
previous studies showed that after klotho treatment , galectin-1 binds the trpv5 n-glycan and thereby increases trpv5 activity.
however , galectin-3 , but not galectin-1 , was expressed in the dct.
furthermore , an increase in trpv5-mediated ca ( 2 + ) uptake was detected after galectin-3 treatment.
purpose : to determine the thickness of bowman's layer ( bl ) in vivo in a healthy population and to determine its variation with age.
bowman's layer thickness was determined from ivcm images of anterior and posterior bl boundaries.
for a given eye , bl thickness was averaged across four central locations by two independent observers.
in addition , central corneal thickness was measured by time-domain optical coherence tomography.
linear regression analysis yielded a decline in bl thickness of @number@ μm per year.
no correlation of corneal thickness with age or of bl thickness with corneal thickness was observed.
conclusions : bowman's layer thins with age in the normal cornea , losing one-third of its thickness between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years.
in vivo measurement of bl thickness by ivcm could aid in clinical assessment and planned treatments of the anterior cornea.
we identified @number@ @number@ male patients who were newly diagnosed with ibs from @number@ to @number@
the date that the diagnosis of ibs had been made was the index date.
ibs patients with a history of ed before the index date or with incomplete demographic information were excluded.
@number@ @number@ age-matched subjects without ibs were selected as comparison cohort.
both cohorts were followed until the end of @number@ or censored.
cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the effects of ibs on ed risks.
the risk of ed increased with increasing age and number of comorbidities.
patients with depression were at a higher risk of ed ( ahr : @number@ @percent@ ci : @number@.49-2.63 ) compared with the subjects without depression.
ibs patients had a higher risk of developing ed compared with non-ibs subjects.
ageing and comorbidities including diabetes , cardiovascular disease , chronic kidney disease and depression were associated with the risk of ed.
objective : to investigate cross-sectionally whether frailty is associated with cognitive impairment or clinically diagnosed dementia in older people.
methods : the study included a total of @number@ persons aged 76-100 years ( mean @number@ ± @number@ ) .
frailty status of the participants was assessed using the cardiovascular health study criteria.
cognitive function was assessed with the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
clinically diagnosed dementia was assessed by specialists using diagnostic criteria.
the associations between frailty and cognition were investigated using logistic regression.
results : a total of @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants were classified as frail.
conclusion : frailty is strongly associated with cognitive impairment and clinically diagnosed dementia among persons aged @number@ and older.
it is possible that cognitive impairment is a clinical feature of frailty and therefore should be included in the frailty definition.
in this review , we amass and discuss the recent data related to age-associated genes in mscs.
interestingly , the levels of kdm5b and its sumoylated forms are regulated during the cell cycle.
kdm5b is modulated by rnf4 , an e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets sumo-modified proteins to proteasomal degradation.
digital gene expression analyses showed that cells expressing the sumoylation-deficient kdm5b harbor repressed mrna expression profiles of cell cycle and dna repair genes.
chromatin immunoprecipitations confirmed some of these genes as kdm5b targets , as they displayed reduced h3k4me3 levels in cells ectopically expressing kdm5b.
we propose that sumoylation by hpc2 regulates the activity of kdm5b.
digital technologies are becoming more pervasive in all areas of society.
governments globally are developing strategies to promote digital inclusion and indeed internet uptake is increasing steadily , including amongst older people.
the authors see this phenomenon as a potential but largely unrecognised ' fourth digital divide ' which has serious implications for social inclusion.
we discuss the possibility of exploiting , in rapidly growing tumours , acute cell death by ' metabolic catastrophe'.
background : with aging , the probability of experiencing multiple chronic conditions has increased , along with symptoms associated with these conditions.
symptoms form a central component of illness burden , and distress.
to date , most symptom measures have focused on a particular disease population.
objective : we aimed to develop and evaluate a simple symptom screen using data obtained from a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults.
methods : psychometric analyses were conducted on @number@ self-reported dichotomous symptom indicators collected during in-person interviews from a sample of @number@ community-dwelling older adults.
results : over one third of the individuals ( @percent@ ) had @number@ or more concurrent symptoms.
stiffness and feeling tired were the most common symptoms.
confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the @number@ symptoms for single factor and bifactor ( physical and affective ) models of symptom reporting.
conclusions : among community-dwelling older adults , a large proportion experienced multiple co-occurring symptoms.
this brief symptom screen can be used to quickly measure the overall symptom load in older adult populations , including those with multiple chronic conditions.
age-related thymic involution is accompanied by a decrease in thymopoiesis and , thus , a deficiency in t cell-mediated immunity in the elderly.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are believed to play important roles in the regulation of cell death and proliferation during the aging process.
in the present study , we compared the transcriptional levels of various mirnas in tecs from young and aged mice using microarray analysis.
quantitative pcr was performed to confirm the changes in the expression of mirnas in the different age groups.
possible downstream targets and pathways of these mirnas were predicted by performing bioinformatics analysis.
objective : we described a case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient taking multiple supplements as part of a naturopathic anti-aging regimen.
methods : case report.
results : the patient presented with a thalamic infarct associated with a thrombus in the vein of galen.
he reported no previous history of endocrinopathy and no known hypercoagulability risk factors.
he was treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in improvement.
diagnostic workup revealed hyperthyroidism and gonadotrophic deficiency attributed to significant supplement medicine usage.
conclusion : this case highlights a potential risk of dietary supplements.
use of these supplements may be a risk factor for idiopathic cerebral venous thrombosis.
also pregnant women can be at risk of developing gestational hypertension and / or pre-eclampsia , which causes complications in nearly @percent@ of pregnancies.
one of the main difficulties in facial age estimation is that the learning algorithms cannot expect sufficient and complete training data.
fortunately , the faces at close ages look quite similar since aging is a slow and smooth process.
the label distribution covers a certain number of class labels , representing the degree that each label describes the instance.
two algorithms , named iis-lld and cpnn , are proposed to learn from such label distributions.
finally , due to the significant impact on patient progress and medical costs , special emphasis is given to the low therapeutic adherence levels observed.
when specific types of activity were examined , volunteering manifested the strongest association with lower levels of inflammation , particularly in the 70 + group.
there was no evidence that frequent engagement in volunteer activity was associated with heightened inflammation.
implications : productive activities-and frequent volunteering in particular-may protect individuals from inflammation that is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
also , arab older adults are at higher risk of deterioration over time compared with jewish older adults.
cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest that provides a barrier to neoplastic transformation.
it therefore becomes significant to determine whether rb protein is necessary in hmga2-induced sahf formation.
unlabelled : hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is a rare segmental premature aging disorder that recapitulates some biological and physical aspects of physiological aging.
however , the mechanisms underlying cellular damage and senescence and accelerated aging in hgps are incompletely understood.
here , we analyzed fibroblasts from healthy subjects and hgps patients using silac ( stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture ) .
analysis of tissues from these mouse models revealed that the damaging effect of these proteins on mitochondrial function is time- and dose-dependent.
mitochondrial alterations were not observed in the brain , a tissue with extremely low progerin expression that seems to be unaffected in hgps.
our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to premature organ decline and aging in hgps.
biological significance : mutations in lmna or defective processing of prelamin a causes premature aging disorders , including hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) .
despite the importance of progerin and prelamin a in accelerated aging , the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.
our results show a pronounced down-regulation of several components of the mitochondrial atpase complex accompanied by up-regulation of some glycolytic enzymes.
accordingly , functional studies demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in hgps fibroblasts.
biological significance : induction of cellular senescence constitutes a potent concept for tumor therapy which interferes with immortalization and additional hallmarks of cancer.
this shift may increase the brain's vulnerability to lower bp in subjects with vascular disease.
the relationships among map , memory decline , and hippocampal atrophy were also examined.
at both time points , all subjects underwent full medical and neuropsychological evaluations , lumbar punctures , and magnetic resonance imaging examinations.
twenty-five subjects had htn.
hyper- and normotensive subjects did not differ in their csf biomarkers , hippocampal volumes ( hipvs ) , or memory scores at baseline.
our findings suggest that the hypertensive group may be sensitive to bp reductions.
in total , @number@ subjects , from an overall population of @number@ were included in this study.
the patients represented @number@ different local health units.
each patient had at least one oral antidiabetic prescription claim ( a10b atc code ) .
a medication possession ratio ( mpr ) with a cut-off value of @percent@ was used to measure medication adherence.
descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to define the objectives , while p < @number@ was considered to indicate significance.
fdct and ldct were significantly correlated with mpr.
conclusions : compliance was better for fdct than the other therapeutic regimens in the study population.
the same trend was observed in both the prevalent and incident patient cohorts.
receiver operating characteristic curves for the ufov ( risk index [ ri ] and subtests 1-3 ) and trails b significantly predicted on-road outcomes.
misclassifications of drivers totaled @number@ for the ufov ri , @number@ for trails b , and @number@ for ufov subtest @number@
proper brain function requires neuronal homeostasis over a range of environmental challenges.
neuronal activity , injury , and aging stress the nervous system , and lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration.
nevertheless , most organisms maintain healthy neurons throughout life , implying the existence of active maintenance mechanisms.
recent studies have revealed a key neuronal maintenance and protective function for nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases ( nmnats ) .
objectives : across the developed world , wait lists for facility-based long-term care ( ltc ) beds continue to grow.
wait lists are primarily driven by the needs of aging populations ( demand-side factors ) .
less attention has been given to system capacity to provide community alternatives to ltc ( supply-side factors ) .
for the analysis , the sample was separated into urban and rural groups to account for geographical differences in wait list location.
characteristics between these two groups were compared.
older adults should be screened for fall risk annually.
our community-academic partnership developed a program to increase and assess fall risk screenings by community providers.
community sites hosted training workshops and screening events.
community screenings were well attended and received by providers and older adults.
twenty-one community providers completed the training.
knowledge and confidence surveys demonstrated improvements before and after training ( p < .001 ) .
skills assessments demonstrated mastery of most skills , but some providers required additional training.
provider feedback indicated screening procedures were complex.
future projects will examine this model using simplified screening procedures.
the longevity regulator sirt1 is an enzyme catalyzing the deacetylation of protein substrates , in turn modulating their biological functions.
in endothelial cells , downregulation of sirt1 evokes cellular senescence.
in aged arteries , sirt1 expression and activity is blunted , which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and abnormal vascular responses.
a recent study suggests that cyclin-dependent kinase @number@ ( cdk5 ) is responsible for the phosphorylation of sirt1 at the serine @number@ residue.
this modification blocks the anti-senescence activity of sirt1 and plays a critical role in the loss-of-sirt1 function during vascular ageing.
background : poor self-rated health has been associated with poorer objective health outcomes across a range of conditions including stroke.
identification of factors associated with poor self-rated health in stroke survivors has received little attention compared to that in other older individuals.
methods : the mrc cfas is a multicentred longitudinal survey of a population representative sample of people in their 65th year and older at baseline.
baseline interview included questions about functional disability , psychiatric history , independent living status , social interactions , and cognitive function.
results : after excluding those with impaired cognitive function , @number@ individuals out of @number@ reported a stroke.
factors associated with self-rated health were similar between those with or without a stroke in older individuals.
conclusions : self-rated health is determined by a range of psychological and social factors in addition to disability in older patients with stroke.
addressing social integration and mobility out of the home is an important element of rehabilitation for older people with stroke as well as those without.
ecm proteins become increasingly cross-linked with age , and this cross-linking is probably important in the decline of the ecm's function.
tg activity increases with age in many circumstances.
if further research shows eggl does accumulate with age , removing it could be of therapeutic benefit.
also reviewed is the blockade of tg and active removal of eggl as therapeutic strategies , with the conclusion that both have promise.
eggl removal may have benefit for acute fibrotic diseases , such as tendinopathy , and for treating generalized decline in ecm function with old age.
extracellular tg2 and eggl are therefore therapeutic targets both for specific and more generalized diseases of aging.
lateralized brain regions subserve functions such as language and visuospatial processing.
we evaluated whether strongly lateralized connections covaried within the same individuals.
data were analyzed from publicly available resting state scans for @number@ individuals between the ages of @number@ and @number@
the difference in gray matter density between homotopic coordinates was used as a regressor to reduce the effect of structural asymmetries on functional lateralization.
nine left- and @number@ right-lateralized hubs were identified as peaks in the degree map from the graph of significantly lateralized connections.
left- and right-lateralized hubs formed two separable networks of mutually lateralized regions.
connections involving only left- or only right-lateralized hubs showed positive correlation across subjects , but only for connections sharing a node.
small increases in lateralization with age were seen , but no differences in gender were observed.
molecular mechanisms leading to pressure ulcer development are scarce in spite of high mortality of patients.
development of pressure ulcers that is initially observed as deep tissue injury is multifactorial.
we postulate that biomechanical forces and inflammasome activation , together with ischemia and aging , may play a role in pressure ulcer development.
collagen orientation was assessed using polarized light , whereas inflammasome proteins were quantified by immunoblotting.
loaded skin showed marked changes in morphology and nlrp3 inflammasome protein expression.
sub-epidermal separations and altered orientation of collagen fibers were observed in aged skin at earlier time points.
aged skin showed significant decreases in the levels of nlrp3 inflammasome proteins.
loading did not alter nlrp3 inflammasome proteins expression in aged skin , whereas it significantly increased their levels in young skin.
observed morphological changes suggest that tissue damage upon loading may not be entirely preventable.
aims : to evaluate the complication rate differences between elderly and younger patients who receive a permanent pacemaker implantation.
methods : we reviewed all cases admitted to our institution between @date@ and @date@ with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia for whom a permanent pacemaker was implanted.
beginning in @date@ , we prospectively collected data from all patients with the same diagnosis and procedure.
the complication rate was @number@ ( @percent@ ) out of @number@ young patients and @number@ ( @percent@ ) out of @number@ elderly patients.
postprocedural complications were statistically lower in the elderly patients than in younger patients ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : a pacemaker implantation performed by an experienced operator is a safe procedure for patients of advanced age.
the patients who are above @number@ years old may have less complication rates than the younger patients.
background : compelling evidence has shown that the incidence of lumbar disc herniation ( ldh ) increases with age.
the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the process of aging and the occurrence of ldh in old adults.
methods : clinical cases ( n = @number@ ) of ldh were retrospectively analyzed.
the most common site of ldh is toward the bottom of the spine at l4-l5 and / or l5-s1.
the incidence of ldh drops with age in the elderly , especially after the age of @number@ years.
there is an obvious decrease in ldh in the elderly female.
conclusion : a decreasing incidence of ldh with aging occurs in the elderly.
methods : the study involved a total number of @number@ patients ( @number@ eyes ) with senile cataracts.
the mean age of patients was @number@ ± @number@ years ( range 90-100 years old ) .
phacoemulsification ( phaco ) was done on @number@ of @number@ eyes , and @number@ of @number@ eyes had extracapsular cataract extraction ( ecce ) .
results : best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) improved in @number@ of @number@ eyes ( @percent@ ) .
we found significant implications of cataract surgery on decreasing iop in the studied group of patients suffering from glaucoma compared to the patients without glaucoma.
conclusion : advanced age is not a contraindication for cataract surgery.
background : methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) infections are associated with significant mortality and health care costs.
the purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetic indices for vancomycin are associated with mortality from mrsa hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients.
the primary data from 28-day survivors and nonsurvivors were compared.
results : among @number@ elderly patients , the mean age was @number@ ( 75-99 ) years.
conclusion : this finding indicates that patients with potentially poor renal function are likely to have increased auc values and a poor prognosis.
fossil evidence for longitudinal arches in the foot is frequently used to constrain the origins of terrestrial bipedality in human ancestors.
this paradigm has stood for more than @number@ years but has yet to be tested objectively with quantitative data.
we propose that the musculoskeletal conformation of the modern human mid-foot evolved under selection for a functionally tuneable , rather than obligatory stiff structure.
background : low muscle strength is related to an increased risk for several chronic diseases.
increased muscle strength improves daily function and quality of life.
associations between maximal step-up height and other variables were examined using univariate and multivariate methods.
furthermore , maximal step-up height correlated to training intensity at follow-up.
maximal step-up height below @number@ cm discriminated patients with self-reported severe limitation in physical function.
errors in chromosome segregation in oocytes and early embryos lead to embryo aneuploidy , which contributes to early pregnancy loss.
these studies have uncovered numerous mechanistic differences between oocytes , embryos , and traditional model systems.
here we review these recent developments and consider what has been learned about the causes of chromosome missegregation in early development.
conclusions : a majority of adni investigators support returning amyloid imaging results to adni participants.
on the other hand , physical exercise counteracts the occurrence of ncds , potentially acting on the same pathways.
the introduction of walking training positively influences the menopause immune-neuroendocrine changes , independent of ace i / d genotype.
objective : the aim of this study was to compare the functional and cognitive changes exhibited by the elderly over a 6-month period.
we analyzed the data using multivariate regression models.
the participants with better cognitive function were more independent in their performance of aadls and iadls.
conclusion : the results depict specific patterns of loss and stability of functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly.
background : changes arising from the aging process , particularly changes in body composition , contribute to the functional decline of the elderly.
we performed anthropometric and clinical evaluations.
body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) .
muscle quality was defined by the ratio between muscle strength ( kgf ) and muscle mass ( kg ) .
there was no significant difference between muscle mass ( p = 0.25 ) and lean mass ( p = 0.26 ) .
conclusion : body fat has a negative influence on functional performance , even among active elderly women.
methods : we measured scd in a group of @number@ children aged 0-18 years in the curved left lateral position using ultrasound.
statistical analysis was performed using pearson's correlation coefficient at the @percent@ level of significance.
results : the mean mscd was @number@ mm ( @date@ @number@ ) across the whole cohort.
body weight accounted for @percent@ of the variance in the data ( adjusted r ( @number@ ) = 0.72 ) .
conclusions : we demonstrate a good correlation between weight and mscd in a large group of children.
oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging.
the worsening efficiency of stress response with age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age-related diseases.
the integration of these factors could allow centenarians to maintain moderate levels of free radicals that exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects on cellular metabolism.
objective : in this study , we examined whether coronary spastic angina ( csa ) is associated with insulin resistance.
background : there is increasing evidence that insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction.
patients with csa show endothelial dysfunction.
based on the international league against epilepsy classification , @number@ patients had fcd type i and @number@ subjects had fcd type ii.
a significantly higher percentage of subjects with fcd type iib versus types i and iia were seizure-free after surgery.
akt ( also known as protein kinase b ) is the main downstream target of phosphatidylinositol @number@'-kinase and has been implicated in epilepsy pathogenesis.
caspase-6 ( casp6 ) activation in the brain is implicated early in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
levels of tauδcasp6 in csf accurately reflected the levels of active casp6 and tauδcasp6 detected using immunohistochemistry in hippocampal sections from the same individuals.
regression analyses suggested that the csf tauδcasp6 levels combined with tauδcasp6 brain pathology predict cognitive performance.
these results indicate that csf tauδcasp6 levels hold promise as a novel early biomarker of ad.
objective : patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit accelerated vascular aging and renal damage.
renal vasodilating capacity , endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery , carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid stiffness were measured.
oxidative stress , endothelial biomarkers and leukocyte adhesion molecule levels were also evaluated.
we investigated the age-stratified cavi in healthy , normotensive individuals to evaluate the effects of age on arterial stiffness.
methods : the cavi and peripheral bp were determined in healthy , normotensive koreans @number@ to @number@ years of age.
however , sbp , dbp and pp did not change progressively with age.
age emerged as the major determinant of the cavi in a stepwise multiple regression analysis ( r ( @number@ ) change = @percent@ ) .
conclusions : the cavi scores increased with age in the healthy , normotensive individuals , whereas sbp , dbp and pp did not.
age was the dominant risk factor for the progression of arterial stiffness.
these data suggest that the cavi is a sensitive marker of the arterial aging process , above and beyond conventional upper arm bp.
objective : to explore the association between baseline life-space mobility and nursing home ( nh ) admission among community-dwelling older adults over @number@ years.
baseline life-space mobility was assessed during in-home interviews.
using multivariate logistic regression , the significance and independence of the relationship of life-space mobility with nh admission were examined.
discussion : the lsa may be a useful tool to identify older adults at risk of nh admission.
objective : studies have shown a correlation between cancer and cognition referred to as \ "chemo brain. \ "
this study investigated the relationship between cancer and later-life cognition using nationally representative data.
results : total cognition score is not associated with cancer survivorship.
the association between long-term cancer survivorship and cognition score was significant ( p < @number@ b = @number@ ) .
total recall index is not associated with chemotherapy.
the study was limited by the cross-sectional design.
apoe4 is less prevalent in non-amnestic ad variants suggesting a direct effect on the clinical phenotype.
however , the impact of apoe4 on amyloid burden and glucose metabolism across different clinical ad syndromes is not well understood.
we aimed to assess the relationship between amyloid deposition , glucose metabolism and apoe4 genotype in a clinically heterogeneous population of ad patients.
all patients had positive pib-pet scans.
@number@ were apoe4 positive ( apoe4 + ) ( @number@ heterozygous and @number@ homozygous ) and @number@ were apoe4 negative ( apoe4- ) .
groups consisted of language-variant ad , visual-variant ad and ad patients with amnestic and dysexecutive deficits.
@number@ healthy controls were included for comparison.
fdg and pib uptake was compared between groups on a voxel-wise basis and in regions of interest.
results : while pib patterns were diffuse in both patient groups , apoe4- patients showed higher pib uptake than apoe4 + patients across the cortex.
higher pib uptake in apoe4- patients was particularly significant in right lateral frontotemporal regions.
conclusions : apoe4 + ad patients showed lower global amyloid burden and greater medial temporal hypometabolism compared with matched apoe4- patients.
these findings suggest that apoe4 may increase susceptibility to molecular pathology and modulate the anatomic pattern of neurodegeneration in ad.
for more than @number@ years , the free radical theory served as the paradigm guiding most investigations of ageing.
however , recent studies in a variety of organisms have identified conceptual and practical limitations to this theory.
the beneficial role of ros in lifespan extension is consistent with the essential role of these molecules in cell signalling.
however , the identity of specific forms of ros that promote longevity remains unclear.
in this article , we argue that in several model systems , hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in the induction of hormesis.
acetyl-l-carnitine ( alc ) is a molecule derived from acetylation of carnitine in the mitochondria.
carnitine acetylation enables the function of coa and facilitates elimination of oxidative products.
beyond this metabolic activity , alc provides acetyl groups for acetylcholine synthesis , exerts a cholinergic effect and optimizes the balance of energy processes.
acetylcarnitine supplementation induces neuroprotective , neurotrophic and analgesic effects in the peripheral nervous system.
double-blinded studies involved @number@ patients.
statistical evaluations evidenced reduction of pain , improvements of nerve function and trophism.
the pattern of significant correlations between the adaps , kmaq , and adks supported the convergent validity of the adaps.
the most common misconceptions on the adaps indicated a tendency for participants to overgeneralise the cognitive effects of normal ageing.
findings from multilevel random-intercept regression models provide support for intergenerational continuity when substance use occurs in emerging adulthood but not when limited to adolescence.
implications , limitations , and future research directions are discussed.
results : based on the previous day dietary recall method , exclusive breastfeeding was reported by @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the mothers.
purpose : with its population rapidly aging , china needs prompt action to facilitate the middle-aged and senior citizens ' utilization of health care.
conclusion : further research is needed to understand the negative association between ncms coverage and outpatient care utilization.
the majority of neural stem cells ( nscs ) in the adult brain are quiescent , and this fraction increases with aging.
in this study , we first demonstrate that nsc cultures ( ns cells ) exposed to bmp4 acquire cellular and transcriptional characteristics of quiescent cells.
we then use epigenomic profiling to identify enhancers associated with the quiescent ns cell state.
interestingly , we found that the family member nfix is robustly induced when ns cells enter quiescence.
likewise , the autofluorescence of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments increased by lysosomal alkalinization was restored @percent@ by a p2x7r antagonist.
together , this suggests that endogenous autostimulation of the p2x7r may oxidize lipids and impede clearance.
in summary , p2x7r stimulation raises lysosomal ph and impedes lysosomal function , suggesting a possible role for overstimulation in diseases of accumulation.
most adult nscs are quiescent , express glial markers , and depend on notch signaling for their self-renewal and the generation of neurons.
blbp ( + ) nscs are mitotically active components of pinwheel structures in the lateral ventricle walls and persistently generate neurons in adulthood.
we also find blbp expressed by proliferative ventricular and subventricular progenitors in the fetal and postnatal human brain.
loss of blbp ( + ) stem / progenitor cells correlates with reduced neurogenesis in aging rodents and postnatal humans.
these findings of molecular heterogeneity and proliferative differences subdivide the nsc population and have implications for neurogenesis in the forebrain of mammals during aging.
osteoporosis is predominantly a condition of the elderly with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.
a number of clinical as well as biological studies have been pivotal in providing us with an understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition.
this article discusses the current concepts of age-related osteoporosis.
we have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people.
after @number@ h of fasting , volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period.
med diet induced higher postprandial sod2 and trxr mrna levels , and cho-pufa diet induced higher gpx1 and trxr mrna levels compared with sfa-rich diet.
secondarily , the association between change in body mass and composition on change in several cardiometabolic risk factors and mobility was evaluated.
shifts in body weight and composition were associated with favorable changes in clinical parameters of cardiometabolic risk and mobility.
moderate pa without wl had no effect on body composition.
no previous study has explored differences between these two groups.
method : twenty-seven consecutive pd patients ( mean age @number@ years ) were enrolled.
detailed clinical , laboratory , and polysomnographic studies were obtained in all participants.
results : sixteen of the @number@ patients were affected by rbd.
environmental measures at different spatial levels have seldom been compared.
findings from previous studies are generally inconsistent.
built environment measures were created for @number@ buffers around participants ' residential address.
linear regression analyses investigated the relationship between the built environment features and self-reported physical activity and walking.
more intense physical activity may occur in recreational settings than neighborhood streets.
here , we describe a novel assay using a mutant telomerase that adds a well-tolerated variant telomeric repeat sequence to telomere ends.
by specifically detecting the addition of these variant repeats , we can directly visualize telomere elongation events in human cells.
we validate this approach by in situ mapping of telomere elongation patterns within individual nuclei and across a population of cells.
this holds true for geriatric psychiatric patients as well.
these ophthalmic problems may increase risk of falls or increase the comorbidity from dementing processes and depression.
geriatric patients presenting for psychiatric treatment may also be misdiagnosed or under-diagnosed as a result of these visual problems.
this quality assurance review of @number@ consecutive geriatric psychiatric inpatients demonstrated discrepancies between chart documentation and actual ophthalmologic pathology present in the patients.
poor oral health , including caries , tooth loss , and periodontitis , is ubiquitous worldwide , and is potentially treatable and preventable.
like adverse oral health conditions , alzheimer disease and related disorders are also very common among aging populations.
aging of the brain is characterized by several neurochemical modifications involving structural proteins , neurotransmitters , neuropeptides and related receptors.
alterations of neurochemical indices of synaptic function are indicators of age-related impairment of central functions , such as locomotion , memory and sensory performances.
additionally , levels of several neuropeptides co-expressed with gad decrease during aging.
thus , the age-related decline in cognitive functions could be attributable , at least in part , to decrements in gaba inhibitory neurotransmission.
in this study , we showed that chronic supplementation of taurine to aged mice significantly ameliorated the age-dependent decline in spatial memory acquisition and retention.
we also demonstrated that concomitant with the amelioration in cognitive function , taurine caused significant alterations in the gabaergic and somatostatinergic system.
an increased understanding of age-related neurochemical changes in the gabaergic system will be important in elucidating the underpinnings of the functional changes of aging.
taurine supplementation might help forestall the age-related decline in cognitive functions through interaction with the gabaergic system.
the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine.
in the past few years , ipscs have been the subject of intensive research towards their application in disease modeling and drug screening.
in the future , these cells may be applied in cell therapy to replace or regenerate tissues by autologous transplantation.
here , we review the molecular pathways linking aging and reprogramming along with the unanswered questions in the field.
the retinal vasculature supplies cells of the inner and middle layers of the retina with oxygen and nutrients.
photic stimulation dilates retinal arterioles producing blood flow increases , a response termed functional hyperemia.
despite recent advances , the neurovascular coupling mechanisms mediating the functional hyperemia response in the retina remain unclear.
in this review , the retinal functional hyperemia response is described , and the cellular mechanisms that may mediate the response are assessed.
finally , outstanding questions concerning retinal blood flow in health and disease are discussed.
the present study examined to what extent cerebral hemodynamics are improved when training is sustained throughout the adult lifespan.
maximal oxygen consumption ( o2max , online respiratory gas analysis ) was determined during cycling ergometry.
results : by design , older participants were active for longer ( 49±5 versus 6±4 years , p < 0.05 ) .
linear relationships were observed between o2max and both mcav and cvrco2 ( r = 0.58-0.77 , p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : these findings highlight the importance of maintaining aerobic fitness throughout the lifespan given its capacity to improve cerebral hemodynamics in later-life.
these results show that amci is associated with decline in executive function and stimuli evaluation in working memory.
background and objective : poor back endurance is a predictor of low back pain.
few studies have investigated back muscle fatigue in older people.
method : sixteen older and @number@ young adults , all healthy , participated in this study.
the subjects performed a fatiguing trunk extension-flexion exercise on a roman chair until exhaustion.
endurance time and perceived muscle fatigue ( borg cr-10 scale ) were used as fatigue criteria.
conclusion : the older adults presented better back endurance than young adults during a dynamic trunk extension exercise.
these results have implications for back endurance in the primary prevention of low back pain in both young and older adults.
this population-based cohort study presents the changing rate and causative factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in finland during the era of statin use.
additionally , these results were supplemented by a population-based retrospective cohort ( @number@ laparoscopic cholecystectomy ) in one community-based hospital area.
the risk factors for laparoscopic cholecystectomy , use of statins , and surgical outcome were analyzed.
results : during the @number@ years , @number@ cholecystectomies were performed in finland , of which @number@ ( @percent@ ) were performed using laparoscopic technique.
the median rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy varied between @number@ and @number@ operations per @number@ inhabitants.
use of statins increased more than fourfold during the @number@ years.
conclusions : the rates of all cholecystectomies decreased despite marked increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed.
the increase in risk factors for gallstones in finland implied more marked increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
the possible role of statins on gallstone disease is discussed.
study design : narrative overview of the focus issue on cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) .
objective : to provide an introduction to this special focus issue of spine journal that deals with csm.
summary of background data : csm is a progressive spine disease and the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction worldwide.
the shift in population demographics in many parts of the world has motivated the development of this focus issue.
results : a summary of the findings of each article is provided as a table within this introduction.
further work is also required to optimize the management of patients with minimal symptoms.
recent studies on development of visual working memory ( vwm ) predominantly focus on vwm capacity and spatial-based information filtering in vwm.
participants were required to remember two or four simple colored shapes , while color was used as the relevant dimension.
these results suggest that obe exists in vwm over the life span ( 6-67 years ) , yet continues to develop along with vwm.
the interpretation of basmi scores has been hindered by the absence of normative values.
we aimed to obtain normative values for the basmi in healthy men and women in a uk population.
methods : a cross-sectional study of @number@ volunteers stratified by gender and age was completed.
exclusion criteria comprised factors potentially influencing spinal mobility.
each component of the basmi was assessed , with the total score computed using the 10-point scoring system.
measurements were taken by physiotherapists following an agreed protocol.
data were summarized and analysed with age-specific centiles and cis calculated.
results : total basmi scores ranged from @number@ to @number@ with only @percent@ of the sample having a score of @number@
the estimated median score for an individual age @number@ years was @number@ increasing with age to @number@ for an individual age @number@ years.
there was a corresponding increase in component basmi scores , which was more pronounced for some components than others.
this approach may reveal strengths and also expose health and social inequities that seniors might face upon their arrival home.
this information may open a gateway for connecting seniors to social and economic resources that will support them in remaining productive and healthy.
data were drawn from a sample of @number@ community-dwelling adults , aged @number@ and older , living in the canadian province of manitoba in @number@
education , self-reported income adequacy , and self-reported income satisfaction were used as measures of social position.
frailty was graded based on functional loss , cognition , and urinary incontinence.
we conclude that social gradients for frailty are present in older adults , although a causal mechanism is not yet clear.
micrornas ( mirnas ) are small , noncoding rnas that function in complex networks to regulate protein expression.
in the brain , they are involved in development and synaptic plasticity.
eight selected mirnas were analyzed in hippocampus , and the expression of mir-16 , mir-34c , mir-107 , mir-128a , and mir-146a were differentially regulated.
in csf , out of @number@ selected mirnas only mir-16 and mir-146a could be reliably detected.
in addition , we identified an effect of blood contamination on the csf levels of mir-16 , mir-24 , and mir-146a.
for group comparisons , we therefore selected csf samples absent of , or containing only low numbers of blood cells.
levels of mir-146a were significantly decreased in csf of ad patients.
the best validated susceptibility variants for parkinson's disease are located in the α-synuclein ( snca ) and microtubule-associated protein tau ( mapt ) genes.
to date , the consistency of the protective effect of lrrk2 p.r1398h across mapt and snca variant genotypes has not been assessed.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is the most common motor neuron disease in populations of european descent.
it was recently found that a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in c9orf72 is its most common cause in these populations.
the contribution of c9orf72 to als is notably lower in the far east , but its role in other populations is unknown.
results of c9orf72 screening in @number@ unrelated iranian als patients are reported here.
the repeat expansion was observed in only @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the familial and @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the sporadic cases.
these figures are to be compared , respectively , with @percent@ and @percent@ among patients of european ethnicity.
screenings of c9orf72 in other middle east countries will reveal whether the low contribution of c9orf72 to als is a feature of the entire region.
the finding suggests the mutation does rarely contribute to the etiology of parkinson's disease.
methods : the prognostic model was developed in @number@ individuals from the rotterdam study-i ( rs-i ) .
univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for questionnaire / easily obtainable variables , imaging variables , genetic and biochemical markers.
the auc for gender , age and body mass index ( bmi ) in prediction for koa was @number@
however , when adding the knee baseline kl score to the model the auc increased to @number@
applying external validation , similar results were observed in the rotterdam study-ii and the chingford study.
doubtful minor radiographic degenerative features in the knee , however , are a very strong predictor of future koa.
this is an important finding , as many radiologists do not report minor degenerative changes in the knee.
results : mediation analysis followed guidelines proposed by baron and kenny.
behavioural disengagement at t2 was found to mediate between familism at t1 and caregiver depression at t3.
additionally familism was found to be positively associated with both negative and positive aspects of caregiving.
conclusion : our longitudinal findings suggest that interventions and services acknowledging caregiver values and the associated coping responses may prove beneficial.
background : functional decline ( fd ) is a largely preventable feature of aging , characterized as gradual erosion of functional autonomy.
this reduces an older person's capacity for safe , independent community living.
triifl aims to demonstrate that : @number@
early engagement into a person-centered individualized intervention arrests or reduces the rate of fd over the next @number@ months.
methods / design : a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) nested within a 13-month longitudinal cohort study.
sample size calculations indicate that @number@ participants need to be recruited into the longitudinal study , with @number@ participants randomized into the trial arms.
measures include functional abilities , quality of life , recent falls , mobility dependence , community supports and health service usage.
trials registration : australian & new zealand clinical trials registry : actrn12613000234718.
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection has been implicated in accelerated t cell ageing.
end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients have a severely immunologically aged t cell compartment but also a high prevalence of cmv infection.
we investigated whether cmv infection contributes to t cell ageing in esrd patients.
we determined the thymic output by the t cell receptor excision circle ( trec ) content and percentage of cd31 + naïve t cells.
it appeared that cmv infection did not affect thymic output but reduced rtl of cd8 + t cells in esrd patients.
moreover , increased t cell differentiation was observed with higher percentages of cd57 + and cd28null cd4 + and cd8 + memory t cells.
these cd28null t cells had significantly shorter telomeres compared to cd28 + t cells.
this is a case study of an 88-year-old man who presented with agenesis of the corpus callosum and colpocephaly.
the patient underwent neuroimaging , evaluation by neurology , and comprehensive neuropsychological testing to determine the nature of any other associated impairments.
test results indicated that he was , with a few exceptions , neuropsychologically normal.
he performed well on tests that are highly sensitive to acquired brain dysfunction.
this case study illustrates the strong influence of cerebral plasticity as well as a possible circumscribed manifestation of interhemispheric disconnection.
when phfs are treated with alkali , they untwist and form filaments with a ribbonlike morphology.
tau protein is the major component of all of these ultrastructures.
14-3-3ζ is present in nfts and is significantly upregulated in ad brain.
the molecular basis of the association of 14-3-3ζ within nfts and the pathological significance of its association are not known.
in this study , we have found that 14-3-3ζ is copurified and co-immunoprecipitates with tau from nfts of ad brain extract.
in vitro , tau binds to both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated tau.
immuno-electron microscopy determined that both tau and 14-3-3ζ are present in these ultrastructures and that they are formed in an incubation time-dependent manner.
amorphous aggregates are formed first.
as the incubation time increases , the size of amorphous aggregates increases and they are incorporated into single-stranded filaments.
single-stranded filaments laterally associate to form double-stranded , ribbonlike , and phf-like filaments.
both tau and phosphorylated tau aggregate in a similar manner when they are incubated with 14-3-3ζ.
there are approximately @number@ hospitals in the united states , @number@ , 000-4 , 000 that are antiquated or obsolescing.
outbreaks of nosocomial infections have historically been documented in association with construction and renovation actives within health care facilities.
the von economo neurons ( vens ) are large bipolar layer v projection neurons found chiefly in the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortices.
here , we undertook a developmental transcription factor expression study , focusing on markers associated with specific classes of layer v projection neurons.
in contrast , few vens expressed markers associated with callosal or corticothalamic projections.
these findings suggest that vens may represent a specialized layer v projection neuron for linking cortical autonomic control sites to brainstem or spinal cord regions.
increased frontal cortex activation during cognitive task performance is common in aging but remains poorly understood.
here we explored patterns of age-related frontal brain activations under multiple task performance conditions and their relationship to white matter ( wm ) microstructure.
within the older adult group , higher frontal activation was associated with poorer behavioral performance under all task conditions.
our results link age-related declines in the efficiency of frontal cortex functioning with lower wm integrity in aging.
purpose : cns-directed chemotherapy ( ct ) and cranial radiotherapy ( crt ) for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma have various neurotoxic properties.
differences in fractional anisotropy ( fa ) -a dti measure describing white matter ( wm ) microstructure-were analyzed by using whole brain voxel-based analysis.
results : crt-treated survivors demonstrated significantly decreased fa compared with controls in frontal , parietal , and temporal wm tracts.
trends for lower fa were seen in the ct-treated survivors.
decreases in fa correlated well with neuropsychological dysfunction.
in contrast to the ct group and controls , the crt group showed a steep decline of fa with age at assessment.
younger age at cranial irradiation and higher dosage were associated with worse outcome of wm integrity.
accelerated aging of the brain and increased risk of early onset dementia are suspected after crt , but not after ct.
articles published from @number@ through @date@ were located from medline and embase databases , @number@ articles were finally included in the review.
no pooling was possible for hpv infection studies due to small numbers.
the results support a possible association , but more epidemiological studies with better viral identification and localization methods are needed to verify these findings.
evaluation of magnitude-based inferences indicated the progressive resistance training intervention to be likely beneficial for improving static balance performance.
our findings support the use of progressive resistance training for untrained older adults to improve balance.
background and aims : glycemic control in geriatric patients with type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) remains clinically challenging.
methods : this is a retrospective analysis of predefined endpoints from an integrated database of seven rcts of t2dm patients treated with insulin lispro.
changes in hba1c from baseline were evaluated with an analysis of covariance model.
secondary measures included incidence and rate of hypoglycemia , and incidence of cardiovascular events.
decrease in hba1c from baseline to months @number@ and @number@ was non-inferior in geriatric compared with non-geriatric patients.
conclusion : key measures of efficacy and safety in geriatric patients with t2dm were not significantly different from non-geriatric patients when utilizing insulin lispro.
insulin lispro may be considered a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for the management of t2dm in geriatric patients.
in older individuals , immunosenescence upregulates the innate response and , by this way , may hypothetically favor the presence of this association.
the aim of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis in healthy octogenarians.
the association between crp and ccs persisted even after adjustment for age , sex , cardiovascular risk factors and statin therapy.
the area under the receiver-operating curve for crp was @number@ using ccs c100 as a binary outcome.
the sensitivities for ccs c100 were @number@ and @number@ % for the cutoff points of crp c3 or @number@ mg / l , respectively.
conclusion : the present study was able to confirm that in very elderly individuals , systemic inflammatory activity is independently associated with coronary atherosclerosis burden.
background and aim : how cortisol , a stress biological marker , differs according to depressive symptoms has mostly been examined in high-income countries.
mixed linear models were used to estimate the associations between diurnal cortisol and depressive symptoms.
methods : this study had a cross-sectional design and was conducted in the ed of an academic medical center.
we translated self-reported medications to anatomical therapeutic chemical ( atc ) codes ( at the second level ) .
univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between medication classes and the outcome parameter ( recurrent fall ) .
multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations after adjustment to potential confounders.
conclusions : known frids , such as psychotropic drugs , also increase the risk of recurrent falls.
however , we found four relatively new classes that showed significant association with recurrent falls.
further investigation is needed to elucidate causes and ways to prevent recurrent falls.
however , this generalization may not apply to older adults with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
understanding trends of adherence to art among older adults is critical , especially as the population of people living with hiv grows older.
design : a systematic search in pubmed , embase , and psycinfo was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles evaluating adherence to art in older adults.
two independent reviewers screened abstracts , applied inclusion criteria , and appraised study quality.
the bibliographies of qualifying studies were searched.
data were abstracted from studies by two independent authors.
meta-analyses were conducted , and adherence levels were reported as the relative risk of non-adherence in older individuals compared to younger individuals.
results : the systematic search yielded @number@ abstracts.
twelve studies met full inclusion criteria.
conclusions : older adults with hiv have a reduced risk for non-adherence to art than their younger counterparts.
future studies should seek to elucidate contributing factors of adherence among older individuals with hiv.
severe arthrosis was more prevalent at earlier ages among women and reached @percent@ in women and @percent@ in men who were @number@ years or older.
logistic regression identified higher age as the strongest factor associated with trapeziometacarpal arthrosis , but sex was also a factor.
conclusions : radiographic trapeziometacarpal arthrosis is an expected part of human aging.
given that only three patients in this large cohort had evidence of prior surgery , it seems that most people adapt to trapeziometacarpal arthrosis.
treatments that optimize adaptation in patients who present with trapeziometacarpal arthrosis-related symptoms and disability merit additional study.
telomeres repress the dna damage response at the natural chromosome ends to prevent cell-cycle arrest and maintain genome stability.
rtel1 was identified in mouse by its genetic association with telomere length.
however , its mechanism of action and whether it regulates telomere length in human remained unknown.
finally , we show that human rtel1 interacts with the shelterin protein trf1 , providing a potential recruitment mechanism of rtel1 to telomeres.
cu could contribute to aβ accumulation by altering its clearance and / or its production.
these effects were reproduced by chronic dosing with low levels of cu via drinking water without changes in aβ synthesis or degradation.
thus , we have demonstrated that cu's effect on brain aβ homeostasis depends on whether it is accumulated in the capillaries or in the parenchyma.
these findings should provide unique insights into preventative and / or therapeutic approaches to control neurotoxic aβ levels in the aging brain.
pgrn might be a particularly relevant factor in the pathogenesis of hivencephalitis ( hive ) and hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) .
we also present evidence that pgrn is a macrophage antiviral cytokine.
for example , pgrn mrna and protein expression are significantly upregulated in brain specimens with hive , and in hiv infected microglia in vitro.
in the presence of active viral replication , pgrn expression is increased functioning as an anti-viral factor as well as a neuroprotectant.
in the absence of active hiv replication , ongoing inflammation or other stressors suppress pgrn production from macrophages / microglia contributing to neurocognitive dysfunction.
we propose.
background : longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and blood pressure have been inconsistent.
most studies have examined incident hypertension as an outcome , and few have examined effect modification.
ces-d was log-transformed ( ces-d ( log ) ) for analyses.
conclusions : results demonstrate sex and age differences in the relation between depressive symptoms and blood pressure.
findings suggest the potential importance of preventing , detecting , and lowering depressive symptoms to prevent hypertension among women and older adults.
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , both clinical and subclinical , has been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying frailty.
however , there is no evidence addressing the relationship between the earliest stage of cvd ( endothelial dysfunction ) and frailty.
the goal of the study was to analyze the association between endothelial dysfunction , evaluated by asymmetric dimethylarginine ( adma ) levels , and frailty.
we used data from the toledo study for healthy aging , a prospective spanish cohort study.
biological samples were obtained and adma levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay method.
logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio ( or ) and @number@ % confidence intervals of frailty associated with adma.
one thousand two hundred eighty-seven community-dwelling elderly were included.
admavalues were higher in frail subjects than in non-frail ones.
in addition , an interaction between the presence of atherosclerotic disease and adma on the odds of frailty ( p = 0.045 ) was detected.
in our study , endothelial dysfunction , assessed by adma levels , is associated with frailty.
these findings provide additional support for a relevant role of vascular system since its earliest stage in frailty.
purpose : the incremental shuttle walk test ( iswt ) is an important functional and prognostic marker in chronic disease.
aging has a detrimental effect on exercise performance.
methods : healthy subjects ( n = @number@ ) , aged @number@ to @number@ years , were recruited.
data collection occurred over @number@ study visits.
anthropometric and demographic data were collected , and lung function and quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction were measured.
an accelerometer was worn for @number@ consecutive days at home.
the duke activity status index was completed , and the greatest distance from @number@ iswts was recorded.
results : one hundred forty subjects ( @number@ men ) with mean age ( sd ) of @number@ ( @number@ ) years completed @number@ iswts.
a predictive equation was developed from @number@ subjects.
conclusion : we have developed age-specific normal values for performance on the iswt in a healthy british population.
however , even using practical , clinically relevant variables , it is not possible to accurately predict exercise capacity from a regression equation.
most previous neuroimaging studies of age-related brain structural changes in older individuals have been cross-sectional and / or restricted to clinical samples.
the present study of @number@ community-dwelling non-demented individuals aged 70-90years aimed to examine age-related brain volumetric changes over two years.
the results showed significant atrophy across much of the cerebral cortex with bilateral transverse temporal regions shrinking the fastest.
atrophy was also found in a number of subcortical structures , including the ca1 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus.
compared to men , women had thicker cortical regions but greater rates of cortical atrophy.
women also had smaller subcortical structures.
a longer period of education was associated with greater thickness in a number of cortical regions.
specifically , the uncinate fasciculus is the major direct fiber tract that connects the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.
participants were @number@ to 19years old and underwent diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) .
results indicate that greater structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus predicts reduced amygdala activation to sad and happy faces.
this effect is moderated by age , with younger participants exhibiting a stronger relation.
further , decreased amygdala activation to sad faces predicts lower internalizing symptoms.
background : unfavorable living conditions in old age have negative physical , psychological and social implications and increase the risk of institutionalization.
the aim of this study is to examine older adults ' readiness to relocate to age-appropriate housing versus the wish to stay where they are.
methods : a total of @number@ older men and women were questioned prospectively , face-to-face , regarding their readiness to relocate.
in addition to assessing several established predictors of residential mobility , data on objective living situations were collected.
the data were subjected to bi- and multivariate analysis.
older respondents are more satisfied with their living situation and less likely to move.
it is therefore recommended that the currently dominating paradigm of \ "aging in place \ " be critically re-evaluated.
the endothelium is located in a strategic anatomical position within the blood vessel wall and thus constitutes a barrier between the blood and all tissues.
the integrity of the endothelial cells , which line the entire circulatory system like wallpaper , is essential to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disorders.
aging is one of the major risk factors for the development of heart and vascular diseases.
one important mechanism contributing to the onset of the aging. process is the disturbance of the cellular redox homeostasis.
therefore , this review will focus on the role of these two proteins in cardiovascular aging.
aberrant dna methylation patterns are a characteristic feature of cancer including myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) .
the mechanisms behind aberrant dna methylation have long remained obscure.
new genome-wide studies have elucidated the genome and epigenome of solid tumors and aml.
molecular subtypes of aml were found to exhibit highly distinct dna methylation profiles.
clonal evolution patterns of aml were recently dissected and might shape epigenetic dysregulation.
also , recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes were identified in aml and linked to distinct dna methylation signatures.
the genetic background , thus , takes center stage as a driver of epigenetic dysregulation in aml.
first mechanistic insights into the dysregulation of dna methylation by recurrent mutations have already been gained.
other studies suggest that epigenomic plasticity and aging-associated changes in dna methylation also contribute extensively to aberrant dna methylation in cancer.
epigenetic dysregulation , therefore , seems to also occur independently of the genetic background.
furthermore , global changes in chromatin conformation and nuclear organization have also been proposed as potential contributors to aberrant dna methylation.
this review will summarize and discuss current concepts regarding the mechanisms behind aberrant dna methylation in cancer and specifically aml.
objective : to investigate the relation between lumbar disc degeneration ( ldd ) and all type of osteoporotic ( op ) fractures including vertebral.
methods : this study is part of the rotterdam study , a large prospective population-based cohort study among men and women aged 55years and over.
osteoporotic ( op ) fracture data were collected and verified by specialists during @number@.8years.
meta-analysis of published studies reporting an association of ldd features and vfx was performed.
differences in bone mineral density ( bmd ) between participants with and without ldd features were analyzed using anova.
risk of op-fractures was analyzed using cox regression.
results : in a total of @number@ participants , during @number@.8years follow-up , @number@ suffered an op-fracture.
subjects with ldd had an increased op fracture risk compared to subjects without ldd ( hr : @number@ ci : @number@ @date@ ) .
the risk was also higher for vfx in males ( hr : @number@ ci : @number@ @date@ , p : @number@ ) .
the association ldd-op-fractures in females was lower and not significant ( adjusted-hr : @number@ 95%ci : @number@.82-1.41 ) .
conclusions : male subjects with ldd have a higher osteoporotic fracture risk , in spite of systemically higher bmd.
background : glutathione-s-transferase gene ( gst ) polymorphisms can result in variable ability of these enzymes to remove electrophilic substrates.
we investigated whether the gstp1 val105 and gstm1 deletion polymorphisms modify the lead-cognitive function association.
the association among gstp1 val105 carriers was comparable to that of @number@ years of age in baseline mmse scores.
the association between tibia lead and mmse score appeared progressively steeper in participants with increasingly more gstp1 val105 alleles.
a modest association between tibia lead and lower mmse score was seen among participants with the gstm1 deletion polymorphism.
neither of the glutathione s-transferase variants was independently associated with cognitive function , nor with lead biomarker measures.
the results pertaining to patella lead were similar to those observed for tibia lead.
conclusion : our results suggest that the gstp1 val105 polymorphism confers excess susceptibility to the cognitive effects of cumulative lead exposure.
impaired response flexibility may contribute to reduced ability to modify goal-directed behavior in bd appropriately.
previous studies of response flexibility in healthy volunteers revealed frontal , temporal , and parietal cortex hyperactivation in children and hypoactivation in adults.
relative to age-matched healthy subjects , we found hyperactivation in these regions in cbd and hypoactivation in abd.
this suggests that our findings in patients may represent the extreme extension of the age-related response flexibility activation differences found in healthy subjects.
future studies should use longitudinal fmri to examine the developmental trajectory of the neural circuitry mediating response flexibility in bd.
background : despite extensive research funding in the field of dementia , deficits in the quality of dementia care still exist.
results : as a result of the scenario process , five consistent scenarios were developed.
two of these could be described as dark scenarios with very poor prospects.
a third one has been referred to as \ "well-meant , but badly done \ ".
two scenarios entail mostly positive aspects but one of them has a tendency towards , a \ "health control \ " state.
conclusion : the more positive scenarios provide a framework for determining relevant actions in research , society , and politics.
objective : to evaluate the effects of case management in community aged care ( cmcac ) interventions on service use and costs.
method : five databases were searched from inception to @date@ to include randomized control trials and comparative observational english studies.
results were summarized by using the best-evidence synthesis approach.
results : twenty-one studies were included.
the effects on medical care utilization were varying.
discussion : in general , these positive effects justify the further development and refinement of cmcac programs.
result applicability is limited by only including english studies.
cost studies applying a societal perspective , and full economic appraisals where appropriate are warranted.
this phenomenon results from oxidative stress , with no \ "scavenging \ " and dysfunction of soluble guanylate cyclase ( sgc ) .
methods & results : young ( n = 42 ) and aging ( n = 49 ) subjects underwent evaluation of platelet txnip content.
aging subjects additionally had measurements of platelet no responsiveness and routine biochemistry.
platelet txnip content was greater ( 376±33 units ) in the aging compared to younger subjects ( 289±13 units ; p < 0.05 ) .
conclusions : platelet txnip content increases with aging , varies inversely with responsiveness to no , and diminishes rapidly following treatment with ramipril.
these data suggest that txnip-induced oxidative stress may be a critical modulator of tissue resistance to no , a fundamental basis for cardiovascular disease.
analogously suppression of txnip expression can potentially be utilized as an index of restoration of cardiovascular homeostasis.
non-hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) occurs worldwide although there is notable geographical variation in incidence and subtype distribution.
these differences are due to a combination of demographic , environmental and other unidentified factors.
a dramatic increase in nhl incidence was seen starting around @number@ with subsequent stabilization @number@ years ago.
despite this plateau , the number of new cases in many countries will increase significantly in coming years due primarily to aging populations.
in the majority of cases , strong risk factors are not identifiable.
there is significant epidemiological heterogeneity between nhl subtypes , yet cancer registries have tended to consider nhl as a single entity.
this is one of several epidemiological obstacles discussed.
design : a prospective , randomized , controlled , double-blind study.
setting : cardiac operating room at a single institution.
participants : one hundred patients undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
hemodynamic variables also were recorded serially.
postoperative inotrope requirement and major morbidity endpoints were assessed.
hemodynamic variables , postoperative inotrope requirement , and outcome variables showed no differences between the groups.
conclusions : oral t3 therapy significantly attenuated the postoperative decline in t3 concentrations in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
the lack of apparent clinical benefit merits further investigations in patients with reduced cardiac performance.
co-morbid conditions such as atherosclerosis and infections coupled with advanced age are known to contribute to increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases.
the impact of a high-cholesterol diet was assessed by measuring the serum cholesterol level and the infarction volume was determined by magnetic resonance imaging.
sensorimotor deficits were assessed using an adhesive removal test and the findings were correlated with inflammatory markers.
results : we show that expression of human apoe4 renders aged mice fed with a western-type diet more susceptible to sensorimotor deficits upon stroke.
these deficits are not associated with atherosclerosis but are accompanied with altered astroglial activation , neurogenesis , cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity and increased plasma il-6.
methods : sixty patients over @number@ years of age underwent tuvrp were compared with @number@ patients less than the age of @number@ years.
results : in group a , pre-operative asa grade was higher than the other two groups , compared with group c , p < @number@
operating time was @number@ ± @number@ min , compared in the three groups , p > @number@
follow-up was obtained in @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients ; of them @number@ patients were deaths with a survival time of @number@ ± @time@ .
barthel index score in @number@ patients was > 60 and the score was @number@ ± @number@ pre-operatively.
conclusion : surgical risk in patients over @number@ years of age was higher than patients less than the age of @number@ years.
a safety tuvrp could improve their voiding function and activities of daily living.
included were @number@ patients , suffering of a rotator cuff tear with shoulder mobility ranging from pseudoparalysis to free mobility.
unexpectedly however , we were unable to detect a relation of the deltoid muscle shape with the degree of active glenohumeral abduction.
furthermore , long-standing rotator cuff tears did not appear to influence the deltoid shape , i.e. did not lead to muscle atrophy.
young and older adults searched for a unique face in a set of three schematic faces and identified a secondary feature of the target.
the faces could be negative , positive , or neutral.
the dpe is an index of inter-trial inhibition to keep attention away from previewed , non-target information.
older adults also showed such an emotional dpe , but it was present with both upright and inverted faces.
collagen fibrils become resistant to cleavage over time.
we hypothesized that resistance to type i collagen proteolysis not only marks biological aging but also drives it.
to test this , we followed mice with a targeted mutation ( col1a1 ( r / r ) ) that yields collagenase-resistant type i collagen.
the pro-senescence effect of mutant collagen was blocked by vitronectin , a ligand for αvß3 integrin that is presented by denatured but not native collagen.
moreover , inhibition of αvß3 with echistatin or with αvß3-blocking antibody increased senescence of smcs on wild-type collagen.
these findings reveal a novel aging cascade whereby resistance to collagen cleavage accelerates cellular aging.
this interplay between extracellular and cellular compartments could hasten mammalian aging and the progression of aging-related diseases.
objectives : depression and anxiety related to stroke are caused by vascular lesions and psychological reactions.
treatment of vascular and modifiable behavioral risk factors reduces the risk of stroke and may also reduce the risk of emotional changes after stroke.
the primary endpoint ( cognition ) has previously been reported.
the secondary endpoint , reported here , was changes in the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) from baseline to 12-month follow-up.
results : one hundred and ninety-five patients were randomized.
negative age stereotypes are pervasive and threaten older adults ' self-esteem.
two experiments tested the hypothesis that differentiation from one's age group reduces the impact of negative age-related information on older adults ' self-evaluation.
results suggest that self-differentiation prevents the impact of negative age-related information on older adults ' self-esteem.
wm performance was associated with microstructure in left fronto-parietal pathways and ltm was associated with bilateral fronto-temporal pathways.
interhemispheric-frontal pathways ( genu of the corpus callosum ) were associated with both types of mnemonic function.
age-related decline in processing speed has long been considered a key driver of cognitive aging.
the goal for this study was to examine within-person processes driving individual development related to social goals.
participants then reported their daily progress and experiences of support and hindrance toward that goal over a 100-day study period.
we found social goal progress to positively covary with support and negatively covary with hindrance.
these linkages , which we termed sensitivity , varied significantly across participants.
this variation was partially explained by differences in goal orientation.
our findings partially explain the processes by which older adults work toward their social goals.
daily goal progress is contingent on daily social experiences , but these sensitivities are in part shaped by goal orientation.
we measured the consequence of having successfully resolved competition by having participants read a list of words including the rejected competitors as quickly as possible.
response time was compared with control conditions that did not require resolving competition.
introduction : inadequacies in pain assessment and management in long-term care have been well documented.
insufficient pain education and inaccurate beliefs about the nature of pain and aging have been identified as possible contributors.
the present study addresses the need for improved , efficient and feasible continuing pain education through the use of an assessment training video.
methods : a total of @number@ long-term care staff viewed and evaluated the training video.
knowledge changes and pain beliefs were assessed postvideo and at a four-week follow-up.
focus groups were also conducted , and transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
results : pain assessment knowledge improved postvideo and at the four-week follow-up.
participants positively evaluated the content and quality of the video.
individuals who held stronger beliefs ( at baseline ) about the organic nature of pain provided more positive evaluations.
facilitators to implementation included continued management support and observing the benefits to implementation.
discussion : the present study provides support for the use of video training.
a model useful for sustained implementation was proposed and discussed , and is hoped to facilitate future research.
telomeres are ribonucleoprotein structures capping the end of every linear chromosome.
in all vertebrates , they are composed of ttaggg repeats coated with specific protecting proteins.
the telomeres of most laboratory mice are @number@ to @number@ times longer than in humans , but their lifespan is @number@ times shorter.
these results provide novel information regarding sex-specific differences in mechanisms that underlie vertebral fragility.
modern society is witnessing a widespread tendency to postpone parenthood due to a number of socioeconomic factors.
this ever-increasing trend relates to both women and men and raises many concerns about the risks and consequences lying beneath the natural process of aging.
the negative influence of the advanced maternal age has been thoroughly demonstrated , while the paternal age has attracted comparatively less attention.
objective : given the impact of recurrent falls in older people , risk evaluation for falling is an important part of geriatric assessment.
available clinical tools usually do not include patients ' self-perceived risk of falling.
the objective of this study was to evaluate association with and predictive capacity of self-perceived risk of falling in recurrent falls.
methods : prospective cohort study.
patients attending a geriatric outpatients ' clinic were recruited ( pfeiffer score < 5 ) .
a baseline assessment and follow-up over @number@ months was scheduled for each patient.
self-perceived risk of falling was assessed through four questions.
predictive capacity was evaluated through sensitivity , specificity , and predictive values.
results : @number@ participants answered all @number@ questions , and @number@ participants ( @number@ % ) presented recurrent falls.
such relationship is maintained over time.
objective : to evaluate the correlation between chronological and biological age by comparing the normograms of afc , amh , and fsh.
patient ( s ) : infertile women who visited the infertility clinic.
intervention ( s ) : none.
result ( s ) : the correlations among afc , amh , fsh , and age are statistically significant.
a cut-off value of afc , amh , and fsh for poor responders was plotted at the 50th percentile of each normogram.
serum amh and afc started to decline in women between @number@ and @number@ years old.
we found a relatively lower slope increase of fsh in older patients compared to that of afc and amh.
fsh was observed to be a later predictor of biological age than amh and afc.
conclusion ( s ) : amh predicted biological age earlier than fsh or afc.
normograms can provide a reference guide for physicians to counsel infertile women.
however , future validation with longitudinal data is still needed.
gene-centric cnv analysis of @number@ cases identified a list of @number@ genes most significantly targeted by tumor-associated alterations.
to address this issue we performed microarray-based microrna expression analyses.
objective : brain tissue integrity is highly heritable , and its decline is a common phenomenon of ageing.
this study aimed to determine whether the phenotype of familial longevity is marked by a relative preservation of brain tissue microstructure.
methods : participants were enrolled in the leiden longevity study.
all subjects underwent 3t whole brain magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging.
this corresponds to a biological age benefit of @number@ years of the offspring as compared to the control subjects.
avanafil ( stendra™ , spedra™ , zepeeed™ ) is an oral phosphodiesterase type @number@ inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
avanafil is rapidly absorbed after oral administration , with a median time to maximum plasma concentration of @number@ to @number@ min.
treatment effects were significantly larger in avanafil @number@ and @number@ mg recipients than @number@ mg recipients.
avanafil was generally well tolerated in the above-mentioned studies.
in a pooled analysis of three clinical trials , ≤2 % of avanafil and placebo recipients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.
the results showed that there is substantial total volume loss and cortical thinning in cognitively healthy older persons.
thinning was more widespread than volume loss , but volume loss , particularly in temporoparietal and hippocampal regions , was more strongly associated with cognition.
they suggest that the osta should be tested in wild populations which might show effects masked in laboratory settings.
we disagree with their propositions for several reasons.
we propose that laboratory animals and semi-wild populations rather than wild animals are suited best to test any hypothesized effect of reactive oxygen species.
this is because data from controlled manipulative experiments rather than observational correlations are preferred to solve this issue.
in addition , nonconventional model organisms will be useful in answering the question how relevant the osta could be for life history evolution.
neurocognitive disorders are a feared complication of hiv infection , especially in the post-antiretroviral era as patients are living longer.
these disorders are challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
additionally some individuals may develop a fulminant immune reconstitution syndrome.
hence , treatment of these patients needs to be individualized.
the focus of research in the hiv field has recently switched towards elimination of the hiv reservoir as a means of combating long-term hiv complications.
however , these approaches may be suitable for limited populations and might not be applicable once the hiv reservoir has been established in the brain.
further , all clinical trials using neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders have been unsuccessful.
a subset of the mild cognitive impairment ( n = 61 ) and mild ad ( n = 79 ) participants underwent an autopsy.
among the autopsy subset , the odds of an ad pathologic diagnosis were compared in the @number@ subgroups.
the demographics , apoe [ latin small letter open e ] 4 status , and vascular risk factors were compared in the @number@ subgroups.
among the autopsy subset , the odds of having an ad pathologic diagnosis did not differ between the dysexecutive and amnestic subgroups.
the dysexecutive subgroup had a history of hypertension less frequently compared with the amnestic subgroup.
these distinct characteristics add to accumulating evidence that a dysexecutive subgroup of ad may have a unique underlying pathophysiology.
vascular calcifications and bone health seem to be etiologically linked via common risk factors such as aging and subclinical chronic inflammation.
although vascular calcifications are frequently observed as incidental findings in hr-pqct scans , they have not yet been incorporated into quantitative hr-pqct analyses.
we developed a semi-automated algorithm to quantify lower leg arterial calcifications ( llacs ) , captured by hr-pqct.
the objective of our study was to determine validity and reliability of the llac measure.
hr-pqct scans were downscaled to a voxel size of 250μm.
after subtraction of bone volumes from the scans , llacs were detected and contoured by a semi-automated , dual-threshold seed-point segmentation.
moreover , we investigated associations of llacs with age , time on dialysis , type-2 diabetes mellitus , history of stroke , and myocardial infarction.
in a second step , we determined intra- and inter-reader reliability of the llac measure.
median llac was @number@ ( @date@ @number@ ) mgha and median cac as expressed by agatston score was @number@ ( @number@.88-1877.28 ) .
we found a significant positive correlation between llac and cac ( rho = 0.6 ; p < 0.01 ) .
our study indicates that the llac measure has good validity and excellent reliability.
within the next few decades , the number of older drivers operating a vehicle will increase rapidly ( eurostat , @number@ ) .
as age increases so does physical vulnerability , age-related impairments , and the risk of being involved in a fatal crashes.
advanced driver assistance systems ( adas ) especially designed to support older drivers crossing intersections might counteract these difficulties.
in a longer-term driving simulator study , the effects of an intersection assistant on driving were evaluated.
@number@ older drivers ( m = 71.44 years ) returned repeatedly completing a ride either with or without a support system in a driving simulator.
in order to test the intersection assistance , eight intersections were depicted for further analyses.
results show that adas affects driving.
the implications of results are discussed in terms of behavioral adaptation and safety.
although studies have reported that adipokines and inflammatory cytokines are necessary for the development of be , their role is controversial.
there were no differences between cases and controls in levels of interferon-γ , tumor necrosis factor-α , adiponectin , or insulin.
conclusions : be is associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines and leptin and low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
these findings could partly explain the effect of obesity on be.
purpose : emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine disruptors may initiate or exacerbate adiposity and associated health problems.
this study examined sex differences in the association of urinary level of bisphenol-a ( bpa ) with selected indices of glucose homeostasis among u.s. adults.
methods : data analyses were performed using a sample of @number@ participants from the @number@ to @number@ national health and nutrition examination surveys.
bpa level and the ratio of bpa-to-creatinine level were defined as log-transformed variables and in quartiles.
selected indices of glucose homeostasis were defined using fasting glucose and insulin data.
irrespective of sex , the ratio of bpa-to-creatinine level was not predictive of indices of glucose homeostasis.
conclusions : a complex association may exist between bpa and hyperinsulinemia among adult u.s. men.
prospective cohort studies are needed to further elucidate endocrine disruptors as determinants of adiposity-related disturbances.
in model organisms such interventions must also increase lifespan to be considered significant , but this is not a requirement for use in humans.
this article is part of a special issue entitled new frontiers in sphingolipid biology.
objective : the objective of this study was to examine metabolic and behavioral adaptations to long-term cr longitudinally in rhesus macaques.
energy expenditure ( ee ) was examined by doubly labeled water ( dlw ; tee ) and respiratory chamber ( @number@ h ee ) .
physical activity was assessed both by metabolic equivalent ( met ) in a respiratory chamber and by an accelerometer.
metabolic cost of movements during @number@ h was also calculated.
age and fat-free mass were included as covariates.
results : adjusted total and @number@ h ee were not different between c and cr.
background : because of population aging , prevention of cv disease in the elderly is relevant.
individually , pib-pet generated the best sensitivity , and fluorodeoxyglucose pet had the lowest.
among individual brain regions , the temporal cortex was found to be most predictive for mri and pib-pet.
a diagnosis of als was established.
eleven years after disease onset his condition continues gradually and slowly to deteriorate.
the heterozygous mutation observed in exon @number@ resulted in a valine to alanine substitution at position @number@ in the β-barrel domain of the sod1 protein.
functional analysis in nsc34 cells showed that the overexpression of the mutant form of sod1 ( v31a ) induced aggregates and decreased cell viability.
accumulation of the transactive response dna-binding protein @number@ ( tdp-43 ) is a major hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders , collectively known as tdp-43 proteinopathies.
the most common tdp-43 proteinopathies , frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tdp-43-positive inclusions , and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , share overlapping neuropathological and clinical phenotypes.
the development and detailed analysis of animal models of tdp-43 proteinopathies are critical for understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders.
transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human tdp-43 ( herein referred to as htdp-43 ) are characterized by neurodegeneration and reduced life span.
however , little is known about the behavioral phenotype of these mice.
here we report the novel finding that htdp-43 mice develop deficits in cognition , motor performance , and coordination.
objective : sleep problems may adversely affect neuronal health.
the sample was @percent@ female and , on average , @number@ years of age at baseline.
all participants underwent a thorough clinical examination to ascertain all-cause dementia and ad.
results : forty percent of participants reported a change in sleep duration at baseline.
between the 6th and 9th year after baseline , @percent@ were diagnosed with all-cause dementia , @percent@ of whom had ad.
the results remained after adjusting for lifestyle and vascular factors but not after adjusting for depressive symptoms.
conclusion : self-reported sleep problems may increase the risk for dementia , and depressive symptoms may explain this relationship.
objectives : financial strain , defined as inadequate income to cover basic needs , is related to depression in minority populations.
it is unclear whether interventions can improve depression in those reporting financial strain.
design : randomized controlled trial.
setting : philadelphia senior center.
participants : a total of @number@ african-american adults @number@ years of age and older with mild to severe depressive symptoms.
measurements included responses to the patient health questionnaire-9 , financial strain , and age.
conclusions : this nonpharmacologic intervention reduced depressive symptoms in both african-american subjects with and without financial strain.
genomic instability is recognized as one of the primary mechanisms that lead to organismal aging.
this can be observed in humans as well as in mouse models of progeroid syndromes.
the musculoskeletal system functions because of the precise and coordinated assembly of its components , namely bones and joints , muscles , tendons and ligaments.
this coordination requires cross-talk between the tissues , which is mediated by various molecular and mechanical cues.
in addition , we discuss the possible role of muscle load in aging and propose new directions for future studies of the musculoskeletal system.
system-wide approaches are now being applied to study vaccine responses , whose mechanisms of action , and failure , are not well understood.
these works have repeatedly shown vaccine response to be an orchestrated process involving multiple arms of immunity most noticeable sensing and innate components.
despite this increase in variation , most of the studies on aging use group averages of immune phenotypes to model immune system behavior.
prior research suggests that health literacy may influence knowledge , self-efficacy and self-care , but this has not been fully examined.
objective : to test a model to explain the relationships between health literacy , heart failure knowledge , self-efficacy , and self-care.
structural equation modeling was completed to examine the strength of the inter-variable relationships.
results : of @number@ participants recruited , data from @number@ patients were complete.
health literacy was independently associated with knowledge ( p < @number@ ) .
health literacy was not related to self-care.
self-efficacy was independently-associated with self-care adherence ( p = @number@ ) .
no other relationships were statistically significant.
the model had good fit ( comparative fit index = @number@ ) and explained @percent@ of the variance in knowledge and @percent@ in self-care.
conclusions : health literacy influences knowledge about heart failure but not self-care adherence.
instead , self-efficacy influenced self-care adherence.
future research should incorporate additional factors that may better model the relationships between health literacy , knowledge , self-efficacy , and self-care.
life expectancy for people with haemophilia ( pwh ) has improved and is now approaching that of the general population.
as a result , there is a risk that elderly pwh may miss the chronic disease screening opportunities offered to the general population.
the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of nsaids are cox-2-dependent effects , unrelated to cox-2 selectivity.
the intensity and duration of these effects are influenced by dose and half-life of the nsaid.
the cox-2 selectivity of nsaids can predict , at least in part , the gi toxicity.
in contrast , the cv effects are largely cox-2-dependent effects , unrelated to cox-2 selectivity but are dose dependent.
the challenge of the next future will be to develop biomarkers useful to identify the individuals who react abnormally to cox inhibition.
background : aging plays a profound role in the ability of the kidney to function.
aging which varies among individuals , has been associated with the matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) @number@ and @number@ genes.
methods : transplant outcomes were evaluated according to the sum of the a alleles in the recipients and the donors.
conclusions : polymorphisms of mmp7 and mmp20 genes may be surrogate markers to predict long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation.
purpose : critical illness results in derangements of all components of the immune response.
nonetheless , most of the efforts evaluating immune status in critically ill patients have been done in the field of sepsis.
patients with infection , sepsis , immunodeficiency , or concomitant immunosuppressive therapy were excluded.
kaplan-meier curves showed a cutoff of @number@ mg / dl for igm and @number@ cells / mm ( @number@ ) for nk cells.
aging and severity at admission affect levels of key factors of the immune system in the blood of these patients.
within the developed method , ( @number@ ) pu was exploited as chemical yield tracer for both pu and np isotopes.
design and setting : the cardia study followed @number@ black and white individuals aged 18-30 years in 1985-1986 ( year @number@ ) .
discrete-time hazard regressions and generalized linear regressions were used for analyses.
results : mean sua concentration was lower in women than in men and increased with age.
similar associations were found between sua and imt , but only in men.
yet the data that are available do not support this concern.
it is prudent not to offer estrogen therapy to survivors of endometrial stromal sarcoma and women with granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries.
vulval , vaginal and cervical cancers are not considered hormone-dependent and therefore estrogen therapy can be given.
management of the surgically unfit patient with symptomatic cholelithiasis can be fraught with difficulty.
the article is devoted community principles and stages of the psychoprevental and correctional approach for teenagers with beer.
the claimed beneficial effects of the mediterranean diet include prevention of several age-related dysfunctions including neurodegenerative diseases and alzheimer-like pathology.
data obtained with cultured cells confirmed the latter evidence , suggesting mtor regulation by oleuropein aglycone.
of @number@ hiv-infected adolescent males and only three of @number@ hiv-infected females reported ever having had sex.
hiv-infected adolescents were @percent@ more likely to report illness than hiv-infected young adults.
with the prevalence of obesity , artificial , non-nutritive sweeteners have been widely used as dietary supplements that provide sweet taste without excessive caloric load.
our data suggest that chronic use of ack could affect cognitive functions , potentially via altering neuro-metabolic functions in male c57bl / 6j mice.
expecting motion in some particular direction biases sensitivity to that direction , which speeds detection of motion.
however , the neural processes underlying this effect remain underexplored , especially in the context of normal aging.
to address this , we examined younger and older adults ' performance in a motion detection task.
expectation and aging effects were assessed via response times ( rt ) to detect motion and electroencephalography ( eeg ) .
in both age groups , rts were fastest when motion was similar to the expected direction of motion.
rt tuning curves exhibited a characteristic u-shape such that detection time increased with an increasing deviation from the participant's expected direction.
strikingly , eeg results showed an analogous , hyperbolic curve for n1 amplitude , reflecting neural biasing.
our results suggest that expectation-based detection ability varies with age and , for older adults , also with axis of motion.
background : mild cognitive impairment encompasses the clinical continuum between physiologic age-related cognitive changes and dementia.
the mean change in mmse score from baseline and reported adverse effects were compared between the two groups.
larger-sized studies with longer treatment durations are needed to confirm this.
nevertheless , the elderly can benefit from alteplase after they experience an acute ischemic stroke.
evidence of an increasing rate of intracerebral hemorrhage among the elderly with acute ischemic stroke , following alteplase treatment , has not been reported.
severe intracranial hemorrhage is a known side effect of alteplase but is not associated with age in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
background : exercise has been shown to be effective in cardiovascular endurance in the elderly.
we studied the effect of thai dancing on physical performance of thai elderly.
methods : this was an open-labeled , randomized intervention study.
the thai dancing group exercised for @number@ minutes three times a week for @number@ weeks.
the thai dance group had significantly better physical performance in all measurements at the end of the study.
conclusion : thai dance can improve physical performance in recently aged ( elderly ) female adults.
background : older adults manifest difficulties in speech perception , especially when speech is accompanied by noise or when speech is rapid.
cognitive ability was examined using the wechsler adult intelligence scale ( third edition ) matrices and digit span.
for the adult and aging population with preserved cognitive ability , cognitive functioning does not predict decline in speech perception.
background and aims : aging is a complex and multifactorial process that is stimulated by a number of factors including genes and life-style.
the aim of this study was to investigate the association between p22phox c242t single nucleotide polymorphism and aging in turkish population.
when the p22phox c242t polymorphism was compared with the mean ages and age groups , statistically significant associations were found.
background and aims : reducing health care costs through preventive geriatric care has become a high priority in japan.
methods : structured preventive home visits by nurses or care managers were provided to the visit group every @number@ months over @number@ years.
the visit group included @number@ individuals in the visit group and @number@ people in the control group.
conclusions : these results suggest that a preventive home visit program may reduce monthly health care costs , primarily by reducing hospitalization costs.
the incidence of deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolism has been increasing in the elderly because of hypercoagulability associated with aging.
age has also been identified as an independent risk factor for bleeding complications related to anticoagulation therapy.
inferior vena cava filters could be used as alternatives to anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of pulmonary embolism when anticoagulation is either contraindicated or ineffective.
the purpose of this article was to assess the reliability , construct and convergent validity of the lsa in latin american older populations.
the lsa questionnaire summarizes where people travel ( @number@ levels from room to places outside of town ) , how often and any assistance needed.
four lsa variables were obtained according to the maximum life space achieved and the level of independence.
the possible modifying effect of the city on correlates of lsa was examined.
results : reliability for the composite lsa score was substantial ( icc = @number@ @number@ % ci @number@.49-0.83 ) in manizales.
average levels of lsa scores were higher in those with better functional performance and those who reported less mobility difficulties.
low levels of education , insufficient income , depressive symptoms , and low scores of cognitive function were all significantly related to lower lsa scores.
women in both cities were more likely to be restricted to their neighborhood and had lower lsa scores.
conclusion : this study provides evidence for the validity of lsa in two latin american populations.
however , it is unclear whether prefrontal cortex activation is involved in dtw in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
this study examined brain activation during dtw among older adults with mild cognitive impairment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
walking speed was measured during a 20-s walking task.
changes in oxy-hemoglobin were measured in the prefrontal area during gait experiments.
results : walking speed was slower during dtw compared with normal walking ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : our findings indicate that dtw is associated with prefrontal activation among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
the brain activation during dtw was correlated with executive function.
additional studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of cognitive impairment on the association between prefrontal activity and walking under various conditions.
aging is a well-recognized risk factor for several different forms of cardiovascular disease.
however , mechanisms by which aging exerts its negative effect on outcome have been only partially clarified.
numerous evidence indicate that aging is associated with alterations of several mechanisms whose integrity confers protective action on the heart and vasculature.
however , scant data are available for italian eds.
similarly , no data are available about the reasons to ed visit and its role in determining the ed utilization pattern.
the study aimed at describing the pattern of ed use by older patients and main presenting complaints.
methods : cross-sectional descriptive study of @number@ ed patients in the city of fano ( italy ) .
identifiers and triage , clinical and social data were collected.
presenting complaints as recorded by triage nurses have been recoded according to the canadian emergency department information system list version @number@
data were analyzed comparing older patients ( more than @number@ years-old ) with younger adults ( less than @number@ years-old ) .
results : the prevalence of ed visits by older adults was @number@ %.
their visits were characterized by higher emergency levels , admission rate and length of ed stay.
dyspnea and abdominal pain were the most frequent non-trauma presenting complaints among geriatric patients and represented the main causes for admission.
conclusions : older adults use the ed appropriately also in italy.
trauma with complications ( fracture ) and various presenting complaints underlying medical problems accounted for more than @number@ % of ed visits and hospital admissions.
background and aims : osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the knee or hip is associated with limitations in activities of daily life.
there are only a few long-term studies on how knee or hip oa affects the course of physical performance.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of knee or hip oa on physical performance during a follow-up period of @number@ years.
physical performance was tested with walk , chair stand and balance tests.
scores for each test were summed to a total performance score ( range 0-12 ) , higher scores indicating better performance.
generalized estimating equations were used to analyze differences between participants with and without oa , unadjusted as well as adjusted for confounders.
results : there was a significant interaction between oa and sex ( p = @number@ ) .
both in men and women , total performance was lower for participants with oa , with greater differences in men.
chair stand and walking performance ( p < @number@ ) , but not balance , were lower in participants with oa.
after adjustment for confounders , these associations remained significant in men but not in women.
additional analyses correcting for follow-up duration and attrition showed lower performance scores for men and women with oa.
conclusions : oa negatively affected physical performance 3-6 years after it was first reported.
performance in men with oa was more affected than in women.
with medical advances , more individuals with cerebral palsy ( cp ) syndromes who reside in developed countries are surviving to adolescence and adulthood.
however , there continues to be a paucity of research examining long-term health , functional activities , and participatory outcomes over their life-course.
this review highlights several methodological challenges involved in research on aging , health , and mortality in adults with rare intellectual disability syndromes.
although aging in rare neurodevelopmental disorders is barely on the research landscape , the field stands to learn much from these older adults.
the penetrance of the phenotype is widely distributed , even though a consistent genotype is assumed in @percent@ of the cases.
some , but not all body systems , exhibit signs of premature or accelerated aging.
this may be due to both genetic and epigenetic inheritance.
ds has been called a mature well-understood syndrome , not in need of further research or science funding.
this chapter is divided into two sections.
down syndrome is characterized by a number of neurobiological problems resulting in learning and memory deficits and early onset alzheimer's disease.
the cognitive impairment in people with ds is virtually universal but varies considerably with respect to expressivity and severity.
individuals with intellectual disability ( id ) are now living longer with the majority of individuals reaching middle and even \ "old age. \ "
as a consequence of this extended longevity they are vulnerable to the same age-associated health problems as elderly adults in the general population without id.
this article reviews the research on health promotion for adults aging with developmental disabilities.
first , it examines barriers to healthy aging , including health behaviors and access to health screenings and services.
the literature on health screenings and services demonstrated the important role of health checks in identifying previously undetected conditions.
all approaches consider disability a consequence rather than a cause of frailty.
this may be different for long-disabled populations , which would have consequences for validity of frailty measures.
first research shows that the different approaches are applicable to study populations with intellectual disabilities as well.
before any clinical implications can be outlined , health outcomes ( validity ) , causes , and prevention of frailty should be investigated.
increases in the life expectancy of people with intellectual disability have followed similar trends to those found in the general population.
older adults with intellectual disabilities form a small , but significant and growing proportion of older people in the community.
background : icu admissions are ever increasing across the united states.
following critical illness , physical functioning ( pf ) may be impaired for up to @number@ years.
we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions targeting pf among icu survivors.
the objective of this study was to identify effective interventions that improve long-term pf in icu survivors.
two reviewers independently evaluated studies for eligibility , critically appraised the included studies , and extracted data into standardized evidence tables.
results : fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria.
nine studies failed to demonstrate efficacy on pf of the icu survivors.
however , early physical exercise and pt-based interventions had a positive effect on long-term pf.
further research in this area comparing different interventions and timing is needed.
background : many adiposity traits have been related to health complications and premature death.
these adiposity traits are intercorrelated but their underlying structure has not been extensively investigated.
spearman's correlations were calculated and were subjected to factor analysis.
results : arm , leg , trunk and total fat masses correlated positively ( r = 0.78-0.95 ) with each other.
vat correlated weakly with fat mass indicators ( r = 0. @date@ ) .
bmi and waist girth were moderately correlated with the arm , leg , trunk and total fat and weakly with vat , ihl and imcl.
conclusion : adiposity traits share a substantial degree of commonality , but there is considerable specificity across the adiposity variance space.
the same is true for bmi and waist girth , commonly used anthropometric indicators of adiposity.
it is very important to evaluate the safety aspects and appropriate use of medications in this population.
this checklist is developed based on validated instruments.
it is a proposal which application in the outpatient and inpatient context is possible and feasible.
background : new technologies for gait assessment are emerging and have provided new avenues for accurately measuring gait characteristics in home and clinic.
however , potential meaningful clinical gait parameters beyond speed have received little attention in frailty research.
objective : to study gait characteristics in different frailty status groups for identifying the most useful parameters and assessment protocols for frailty diagnosis.
methods : we searched pubmed , embase , psycinfo , cinahl , web of science , cochrane library , and age line.
effect sizes ( d ) were calculated for the ability of parameters to discriminate between different frailty status groups.
results : eleven publications met inclusion criteria.
frailty definitions , gait protocols and parameters were inconsistent , which made comparison of outcomes difficult.
effect sizes were calculated only for the three studies which compared at least two different frailty status groups.
gait speed shows the highest effect size to discriminate between frailty subgroups , in particular during habitual walking ( d = @number@.76-6.17 ) .
gait variability also discriminates between different frailty status groups in particular during fast walking.
interestingly , one study suggested that dual-task walking speed can be used to predict prospective frailty development.
conclusion : gait characteristics in people with frailty are insufficiently analyzed in the literature and represent a major area for innovation.
despite the paucity of work , current results suggest that parameters beyond speed could be helpful in identifying different categories of frailty.
increased gait variability might reflect a multisystem reduction and may be useful in identifying frailty.
stem cells have been found in most tissues / organs.
to study the possible involvement of epigenetic changes in somatic stem cell aging , we used murine hematopoiesis as a model system.
with age , we observed a global loss of dna methylation of approximately @percent@ , but an increase in methylation at some cpg islands.
interestingly , the polycomb repressive complex @number@ ( pcrc2 ) target genes kiss1r , nav2 and hsf4 were hypermethylated with age.
the promoter for the sdpr gene was determined to be progressively hypomethylated with age.
this occurred concurrently with an increase in gene expression with age.
methods : we compared autopsy-confirmed ftld and definite ad with clinical dementia rating ≤1.
factor scores and t values of each neuropsychological test measure were compared between ftld and ad patients.
logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent predictors within test measures for the differentiation of ftld from ad.
multiple logistic regression analysis showed that letter fluency , boston naming test and delayed memory recall remained independent predictors of ftld compared to ad.
however , test measures did not discriminate between ftld-tau and ftld-ubiquitin.
conclusion : we confirm that memory and language function tests discriminate between ftld and ad.
anthropometric measures and the toronto clinical neuropathy score were registered.
echotexture was evaluated and degenerative features classified as absent , mild , moderate and severe.
the frequencies of structural abnormalities , according to both abadie's sign and the toronto clinical neuropathy score , were determined.
this frequency was similar to that observed in the subjects with the highest toronto clinical neuropathy score ( @percent@ ) .
the concordance between abadie's sign and achilles sonographic abnormalities needs to be evaluated in a larger sample to consider it useful for practical purposes.
hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events , including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
reduction of blood pressure by lifestyle measures and antihypertensive drug therapy reduces stroke in elderly men and women.
telomeres play a central role in cellular aging , and shorter telomere length has been associated with age-related disorders including diabetes.
however , a causal link between telomere shortening and diabetes risk has not been established.
among @number@ participants free of diabetes at baseline , @number@ subjects developed diabetes during an average @number@ years of follow-up.
various dietary supplements are claimed to have cutaneous anti-aging properties ; however , there are a limited number of research studies supporting these claims.
at the end of the study , skin elasticity in both ch dosage groups showed a statistically significant improvement in comparison to placebo.
after @number@ weeks of follow-up treatment , a statistically significantly higher skin elasticity level was determined in elderly women.
no side effects were noted throughout the study.
most studies have confirmed the positive impact of resistance training on muscle mass and functional capacity in aging adults.
body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and maximum strength was evaluated using isometric techniques for trunk and legs.
background : the article discusses the position of elderly patients in medical intervention context.
the phenomenon of greying population has changed the attitude towards the old but common observations prove that quality of geriatric care is still unsatisfactory.
in order to improve specialists ' understanding of ageing , the comparative study on personality among people at different age was designed.
the results are discussed in relation to the elderly patient-centred paradigm and in order to counterbalance still present ageist practices.
material and methods : the research involved @number@ persons in the early and late adulthood stage ages.
among the old there were the young old ( aged 65-74 ) and the older old ( aged 75 + ) .
all participants were asked to fill the neo-ffi.
results : the results prove age-related differences in personality.
in late adulthood in comparison to early adulthood there is the decline in openness to experiences.
two traits : agreeableness and conscientiousness increase significantly.
age did not differentiate significantly the level of neuroticism and of extraversion.
the results of cluster analyses show the further differences in taxonomies of personality traits at different period of life.
conclusions : the results challenge the stereotypes that present older people as neurotic , and aggressive.
the age did not differentiate significantly the level of neuroticism and of extraversion.
in general , the obtained results prove that the ageist assumption that the geriatric patients are troublesome is not arguable.
this article builds support for effective change in geriatric professional practices and improvement in the elderly patients ' quality of life.
the microscopic worm caenorhabditis elegans ( c. elegans ) is one of the most prominent animal models for aging studies.
genes regulating aging in c. elegans are evolutionarily conserved and their deregulation is often involved in the development of age-associated diseases in humans.
it is therefore likely that any intervention that extends c. elegans lifespan will indicate strategies to positively impact on healthy human longevity.
background : obesity has been consistently associated with dementia.
the role of certain risk factors of dementia may change during life , and the importance of having a life-course perspective has been acknowledged.
the duration of follow-up was @number@ years.
the diagnosis of dementia was based on dsm-iv criteria and the probable and possible ad on the nincds-adrda criteria.
results : higher midlife bmi was associated with higher risk of incident dementia ( adjusted hr , @percent@ ci @number@ @number@ @date@ ) .
conclusion : higher midlife bmi is related to higher risk of dementia and ad , independently of obesity-related risk factors and co-morbidities.
steeper decrease of bmi and low late-life bmi are associated with higher risk of dementia and ad.
these findings highlight the importance of life-course perspective when assessing the association between bmi and cognition.
all residents in an area of nakajima , japan , were considered as potential candidates ( n = @number@ ) .
participants of a mass brain function examination were considered as \ "early responders. \ "
the cognitive functions of delayed responders were assessed by home visits.
to assess the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and cognitive functions , the early and delayed responders completed the same questionnaires and neuropsychological tests.
delayed responders ( n = @number@ ) were significantly older and less educated than the early responders ( n = @number@ ) .
our results suggest that population-based studies likely underestimate the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment , especially if the participation rate is low.
tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized behaviorally by dementia and neuropathologically by neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss.
tau gene mutations have been found in frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome @number@ suggesting that mutation of tau induces tauopathy.
studies on in vitro tau aggregation show that tau forms two different intermediate aggregates called tau oligomers and granular tau oligomers before forming fibrils.
further analyses suggest that hyperphosphorylated tau or oligomeric tau is involved in synaptic loss , whereas granular tau oligomers are responsible for neuronal loss.
thus , different forms of tau aggregates are involved in the different pathological changes that occur in tauopathies.
a systematic approach was used to identify aβpp-selective bace inhibitors ( asbi ) and to evaluate their in vivo ability to modulate aβpp processing selectively.
asbis represent a novel class of candidate therapeutic agents for alzheimer's disease.
after reaching adulthood , orderly repair is probably one of the most important mechanisms throughout lifetime.
regular wound healing after an injury consists of a well-ordered sequence of overlapping phases of repair and essentially repeats the complex process of organ development.
one of the most aggressive manifestations of age-dependent and dysbalanced wound healing is a disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
essentially , the disease replaces functional lung tissue with spreading scar tissue over a period of just @number@ years.
by a systematic comparison of wound healing conditions , the large-scale collaborative fp7-eu project resolve has addressed these difficulties in a successful way.
background and outlining of the project are discussed.
the role of classical lipids in aging diseases and human longevity has been widely acknowledged.
the molecular composition and concentration of lipid species determine their cellular localization , metabolism , and consequently , their impact in disease and health.
moreover , the identification of specific lipid species in aging diseases and longevity would aid to clarify how these lipids alter health and influence longevity.
expertise in processing faces is a cornerstone of human social interaction.
however , the developmental course of many key brain regions supporting face preferential processing in the human brain remains undefined.
objective : examine prevalence and level of suicide risk , and its associations with sociodemographic factors and mood disorders.
diagnosis was made by psychiatrists using the mini international neuropsychiatric interview plus ( miniplus ) .
results : suicide risk was found in @percent@ of the sample.
bipolar disorder shows association with suicide risk for those with or without current episode.
for unipolar depression only elderly with a current episode shows association with suicide risk.
limitations : the cross-sectional design limits the examination of causative relationships.
the miniplus questions are not broad enough to assess other important self-destructive behaviors.
conclusions : a high rate of suicide risk was found.
as expected an increased rate of mood disorders were related to the risk of suicide.
the loss of sons may partly explain a subtype of late-life risk of suicide or mood disorders especially in the oldest-old.
these findings can be a useful to generate other research hypothesis and for health professionals who care older persons.
detecting characteristics linked to suicide , therefore opening up the possibility of preventing tragic outcomes providing a proper treatment.
situations such as the recovery from injury and illness can lead to enforced periods of muscle disuse or unloading.
such circumstances lead to rapid skeletal muscle atrophy , loss of functional strength and a multitude of related negative health consequences.
the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to the acute challenges of muscle disuse atrophy.
any loss of skeletal muscle mass must be underpinned by a chronic imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates.
few data are available on the impact of short-term disuse ( < 10 days ) on muscle protein turnover in humans.
research is warranted to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis for rapid muscle loss during short periods of disuse.
autobiographical memories of older adults show fewer episodic and more non-episodic elements than those of younger adults.
this semantization effect is attributed to a loss of episodic memory ability.
however the alternative explanation by an increasing proclivity to search for meaning has not been ruled out to date.
a continuous decrease of episodic quality of memory ( memory specificity , narrative quality ) was confirmed.
an increase of search for meaning ( interpretation , life story integration ) was confirmed only up to middle adulthood.
approximately @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.4%-25.0% ) of respondents were caregivers.
compared with younger caregivers , older caregivers reported more fair or poor health and physical distress but more satisfaction with life and lower mental distress.
understanding the characteristics of caregivers can help enhance strategies that support their role in providing long-term care.
gait patterns in adults with cerebral palsy have , to our knowledge , never been assessed.
this contrasts with the large number of studies which have attempted to categorize gait patterns in children with cerebral palsy.
several methodological approaches have been developed to objectively classify gait patterns in patients with central nervous system lesions.
these methods enable the identification of groups of patients with common underlying clinical problems.
data from 3d motion analyses of @number@ adults with cerebral palsy were included.
a hierarchical cluster analysis was used to subgroup the different gait patterns based on spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters in the sagittal and frontal planes.
the different clusters were related to specific kinematic parameters that can be assessed in routine clinical practice.
over the last decade it has become evident that epigenetic markers can be of substantial forensic significance.
background & aims : lean body mass loss has been indicated as a reliable marker of frailty and poor physical performance among older individuals.
the calf circumference was measured at the point of greatest circumference.
frailty was categorized according to the present of slow gait speed , weakness , weight loss , energy expenditure and exhaustion.
analyses of covariance were performed to evaluate the relationship between different calf circumference and physical function.
the frailty index score was significantly lower among subjects with higher calf circumference ( @number@ versus @number@ p = @number@ ) .
as such , calf circumference is a valuable tool for guiding public health policy and clinical decisions.
results : during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ of @number@ study participants developed primary rkf.
conclusion : this study provides further evidence that pre-diabetes may not directly contribute to the development of kidney disease.
subjects with pre-diabetes might nevertheless profit from preventive efforts reducing their cardiovascular risk profile because cardiovascular and kidney disease share common risk factors.
we also investigated racial as well as fmr1 associations with menarcheal age in these donors.
results : fmr1 did not associate with amh overall.
amongst @number@ donors with pdfor , @number@ ( @percent@ ) presented with at least one low ( cggn < @number@ ) allele.
menarcheal age was in donors with normal for neither associated with race nor with fmr1 status.
conclusions : cggn on fmr1 already at young ages affects for , but is clinically apparent only in cases of pdfor.
screening for low fmr1 cggn < @number@ at young age , thus , appears predictive of later pdfor.
background : there has been limited research exploring socioeconomic inequity in targeted preventive care for acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) .
conclusions : socioeconomic disparities in primary and secondary preventive services for patients with ami could not be demonstrated in many instances.
human hair follicles ( hhf ) contain keratinocytes having the property of stem cells such as clonogenic potential.
despite the well-known impact of ageing on human hair growth , little is known about changes in hhf keratinocyte clonogenic potential with age.
this study aimed at assessing the clone-forming efficiency ( cfe ) of hhf keratinocytes from three age groups of human donors.
it demonstrates that ageing affects hhf keratinocyte cfe.
the mortality among patients with heart diseases increases steadily in an aging society like japan.
among those , the patients with chronic heart failure ( chf ) are thought to be increasing rapidly although the official report is missing.
the performance of ctni hs-arch was evaluated in patients with chf by comparing it to findings with other @number@ methods.
in addition , multivariable analysis disclosed that ctni hs-arch is influenced by the level of renal function at the minimum among the @number@ methods.
therefore , ctni hs-arch may be a useful method for evaluation of prognosis in patients with chf who often have impaired renal function.
alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressively worsening deficits in several cognitive domains , including language.
language impairment in alzheimer's disease primarily occurs because of decline in semantic and pragmatic levels of language processing.
trials of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors , used for the treatment of clinical symptoms of alzheimer's disease , have generally focused on overall cognitive effects.
the decline of cognitive function has emerged as one of the greatest health threats of old age.
age-related cognitive decline is caused by an impacted neuronal circuitry , yet the molecular mechanisms responsible are unknown.
here we show that c1q protein levels dramatically increase in the normal aging mouse and human brain , by as much as 300-fold.
c1q-deficient mice exhibited enhanced synaptic plasticity in the adult and reorganization of the circuitry in the aging hippocampal dentate gyrus.
moreover , aged c1q-deficient mice exhibited significantly less cognitive and memory decline in certain hippocampus-dependent behavior tests compared with their wild-type littermates.
unlike in the developing cns , the complement cascade effector c3 was only present at very low levels in the adult and aging brain.
genome-wide association studies are identifying novel alzheimer's disease ( ad ) risk factors.
immunostaining established that cd33 is expressed in microglia in human brain.
analysis of cd33 isoforms identified a common isoform lacking exon @number@ ( d2-cd33 ) .
the proportion of cd33 expressed as d2-cd33 correlated robustly with rs3865444 genotype.
because rs3865444 is in the cd33 promoter region , we sought the functional polymorphism by sequencing cd33 from the promoter through exon @number@
we identified a single polymorphism that is coinherited with rs3865444 , i.e. , rs12459419 in exon @number@
exon @number@ encodes the cd33 igv domain that typically mediates sialic acid binding in siglec family members.
in summary , these results suggest a novel model wherein snp-modulated rna splicing modulates cd33 function and , thereby , ad risk.
the correlation between the data generated by the two methods was modest ( r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
both methods captured the age effect on ltl and the longer ltl in women than in men.
microglial cells are the immune cells in the cns and represent approximately @percent@ of the total brain cell population.
however , morphologic , molecular , and genetic studies indicate that this subdivision is a misleading oversimplification.
microglia have been implicated in mechanisms of cns trauma , stroke , infection , demyelination , neoplasm , and neurodegeneration.
microglial dysfunction may also contribute to genetic neurobehavioral disorders , such as rett syndrome.
there are several comprehensive reviews on all these topics.
objective : the study examined the relationships between social contact types and psychological distress among mid-older adults.
method : self-completed data from @number@ australian adults aged 45 + years.
discussion : social contacts have age and gender differential effects on psychological distress of mid-older australian adults.
interventions addressing social interaction need to be sensitive to gender and age differences.
we assessed interactions between psychosocial predictors , and with apoe ε4 status.
results : greater number of stressful events was associated with poorer performance on tests of speed and flexibility.
greater social support was associated with better performance in the same domain ; this relationship was diminished by the presence of the ε4 allele.
no associations were seen in the remaining three domains.
discussion : psychosocial factors may influence cognition in at-risk individuals ; influence varies by cognitive domain and ε4 status.
exergaming may be an effective strategy to increase physical activity participation among rural older adults.
sociodemographic data and self-reported physical activity were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cochran's q , respectively.
qualitative data were reviewed , categorized on the basis of theme , and tabulated for frequency.
increased physical activity and perceived health were the most reported perceived positive changes.
significant increases in physical activity participation were maintained among participants who were physically inactive at baseline.
best-liked features were physical activity and socialization.
both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs were used with a sample of @number@ women ages 66-79 at baseline.
longitudinal results were parallel.
depression , physical function , and disability were measured at baseline and @number@ weeks.
average age was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) , @percent@ were female , and @percent@ were african american.
overall , participants experienced a reduction in falls , improved selfperception of gait and balance , and improved dynamic gait function.
the medium-intensity instep model significantly ( p = @number@ ) reduced self-reported falls in comparison with the other models.
instep is a feasible model for addressing fall risk reduction in community-dwelling older adults.
all cancers are caused by somatic mutations ; however , understanding of the biological processes generating these mutations is limited.
the catalogue of somatic mutations from a cancer genome bears the signatures of the mutational processes that have been operative.
here we analysed @number@ mutations from @number@ cancers and extracted more than @number@ distinct mutational signatures.
in addition to these genome-wide mutational signatures , hypermutation localized to small genomic regions , ' kataegis' , is found in many cancer types.
this article also highlights sex differences in these domains.
finally , factors known to affect pf , such as sleep , depression , fatigue , and self-efficacy , are discussed.
purpose of review : urinary incontinence is a common clinical problem , particularly in older adults.
this review was designed to review current and recently updated information on the epidemiology of urinary incontinence in men.
recent findings : there are an increasing number of urinary incontinence studies outside europe and north america.
however , overall , the trend indicates no remarkable increase in the number of publications relative to all areas.
prevalence studies have produced estimates with very wide ranges , mainly due to methodological differences.
studies have also examined risk factors and impact of urinary incontinence , including lifestyle , comorbidities and medications.
thus , the population burden is likely to increase with future demographic shifts.
objective : in @number@ the health council of the netherlands published an advice on vitamin d supplementation for the elderly.
we aimed to determine the extent to which general practitioners and elderly care physicians actually followed the advice of the health council.
design : questionnaire study.
method : brief questionnaires were sent to all elderly care physicians in the netherlands.
when supplementation is prescribed , about half of the elderly care physicians and a fifth of the general practitioners uses an insufficient dose.
awareness of and support for the vitamin d supplementation guidelines among health care providers is still limited.
based on cloning studies in mammals , all adult human cells theoretically contain dna that is capable of creating a whole new person.
cells are maintained in their differentiated state by selectively activating some genes and silencing.
the dogma until recently was that cell differentiation was largely fixed unless exposed to the environment of an activated oocyte.
this technology has grown at an exponential rate over the past few years , culminating in the nobel prize in medicine.
introduction : lung cancer is the highest cause of mortality among tumor pathologies worldwide.
there are no validated techniques for an early detection of pulmonary cancer lesions other than low-dose helical computed tomography scan.
unfortunately , this method has some negative effects.
recent studies have laid the basis for development of exosomes-based techniques to screen / diagnose lung cancers.
as the isolation of circulating exosomes is a minimally invasive procedure , this technique opens new possibilities for diagnostic applications.
wide-range micrornas analysis ( @number@ micrornas ) was performed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
data were compared on the basis of lesion characteristics , using weka software for statistics and modeling.
conclusions : the screening test showed @percent@ sensitivity , @percent@ specificity , and area under the curve receiver operating characteristic of @percent@.
the diagnostic test had @percent@ sensitivity , @percent@ specificity , and area under the curve receiver operating characteristic of @percent@.
further evaluation is needed to confirm the predictive power of these models on larger cohorts of samples.
background : diabetes is associated with a high incidence of macrovascular disease ( mvd ) , including peripheral and coronary artery disease.
circulating soluble-klotho ( sklotho ) is produced in the kidney and is a putative anti-aging and vasculoprotective hormone.
reduced klotho levels may therefore increase cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
methods : sklotho levels were determined with elisa in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with and without mvd , and healthy control subjects.
klotho mrna expression was quantified in kidneys obtained from long term ( @number@ and @number@ months ) diabetic ins2akita mice and normoglycemic control mice.
high glucose ( @number@ and @number@ mm ) did not alter klotho expression in tecs.
conclusions : these data indicate that sklotho levels are not affected in type @number@ diabetes patients with and without mvd.
furthermore , hyperglycemia per se does not affect renal klotho production.
the present study aimed to establish normative data for this test in the elderly french-quebec population.
age and education were found to be associated with the total score on the test , while gender was not.
percentile ranks were then calculated for age- and education-stratified groups.
the heat stress cognate @number@ is one of the major cytoplasmic chaperones to supply a multitude of the housekeeping chaperoning functions.
in addition to its high constitutive expression , recent studies have demonstrated that it is also inducible.
another exciting discovery is that the regulation of heat stress cognate @number@ plays important roles in the aging process and aging-related diseases.
besides the chaperone functions , heat stress cognate @number@ is involved in the inflammatory signal pathways via extracellular interaction with tlr2 / tlr4.
furthermore , studies have validated the ability of extracellular heat stress cognate @number@ to regulate cancer cell proliferation and sperm storage.
the discovery of heat stress cognate @number@ secretion , in normal and cancer cells undergoing stress , presents novel therapeutic strategies.
most studies on benzodiazepines emphasize overconsumption and warn of addiction , especially by older adults.
this article is about the avoidance of benzodiazepine medications by ' aging ' women living in a brazilian village.
the canadian health care system's delivery and policies are often based on a heterosexual nuclear family model.
long-term care ( ltc ) policy in particular is built on specific assumptions about women and caregiving.
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a common and disabling disease.
prior projections appear to have underestimated the actual number of primary and revision thas that are in demand.
whole blood dna methylation analysis has been proposed to be a risk marker for cancer that can be used to target patients for preventive interventions.
quantitative methylation-specific real-time pcr was also conducted for @number@ cpg island promoters ( mint25 , myo3a , and sox11 ) .
sfrp1 methylation in whole blood may be associated with gastric cancer risk.
unlabelled : does cell age matter in virulence ?
the emergence of persister cells during chronic infections is critical for persistence of infection , but little is known how this occurs.
here , we demonstrate for the first time that the replicative age of the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans contributes to persistence during chronic meningoencephalitis.
generationally older c. neoformans cells are more resistant to hydrogen peroxide stress , macrophage intracellular killing , and antifungal agents.
older cells accumulate in both experimental rat infection and in human cryptococcosis.
mathematical modeling supports the concept that the presence of older c. neoformans cells emerges from in vivo selection pressures.
we propose that advanced replicative aging is a new unanticipated virulence trait that emerges during chronic fungal infection and facilitates persistence.
therapeutic interventions that target old cells could help in the clearance of chronic infections.
importance : our findings that the generational age of cryptococcus neoformans cells matters in pathogenesis introduces a novel concept to eukaryotic pathogenesis research.
we propose that emerging properties of aging c. neoformans cells and possibly also other fungal pathogens contribute to persistence and virulence.
we propose a measure of audiovisual speech integration that takes into account accuracy and response times.
this measure should prove beneficial for researchers investigating multisensory speech recognition , since it relates to normal-hearing and aging populations.
we provide example data from an audiovisual identification experiment and discuss applications for measuring audiovisual integration skills across the life span.
bmi does not distinguish between lean and fat mass and in children , the cross-sectional relationship between %bf and bmi changes with age and sex.
repeated measures in children show a systematic decrease in %bf for any given bmi from age @number@ to @number@ to @number@ years.
objective : to investigate the suitability of bmi as a surrogate of percent body fat ( %bf ) in pediatric longitudinal investigations.
results : the patterns of change in the means of %bf and bmi were different ( p < @number@ ) .
while mean bmi increased linearly from @number@ to @number@ years of age , %bf did not change between @number@ and @number@ years.
although several distinct synthetic pak1-blockers have been recently developed , no fda-approved pak1 blockers are available on the market as yet.
electronic prescription database software may help to prevent inappropriate prescribing and minimize the occurrence of adverse drug reactions.
intercheck ( ® ) is a computerized prescription support system ( cpss ) developed in order to optimize drug prescription for elderly people with multimorbidity.
methods : two samples of elderly patients ( aged 65 + years ) hospitalized in a geriatric ward in italy were enrolled throughout @number@
conclusions : the use of intercheck ( ® ) was associated with a significant reduction in pims and new-onset potentially severe ddis.
cpsss combining different prescribing quality measures should be considered as an important strategy for optimizing medication prescription for elderly patients.
to date , symptomatic medications prevail as the mainstay of treatment options for alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
genotoxic perturbation holds a central place in cancer formation and aging , but also is key to cancer therapy by irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs.
sensing of dna lesions initiates a highly complex dna damage response ( ddr ) .
this response involves signaling cascades that activate appropriate damage repair pathways , arrest the cell cycle , and ultimately determine cell survival or death.
the ddr must be integrated with ongoing signaling and housekeeping processes.
most recently , distinct omics datasets have been integrated , and sophisticated mathematical models have been applied to the ddr.
here , we review such recent advances that have widened and , in some cases , deepened our knowledge of ddr signaling.
purpose : the clinical value of electroencephalography ( eeg ) in pediatric moyamoya disease has been underestimated , though the characteristic patterns are well known.
we undertook this study to evaluate the clinical value of eeg as a diagnostic and postoperative follow-up modality in pediatric moyamoya disease.
methods : we retrospectively reviewed the pre and postoperative eeg with effective hyperventilation in @number@ pediatric moyamoya patients and compared their patterns with hemodynamic images.
results : one hundred and two patients ( @number@ % ) among @number@ showed abnormal eeg findings before revascularization surgery.
the rebuild-up was observed more frequently in younger age groups ( less than @number@ years ) and suzuki stages iii.
postoperative follow-up eegs were performed in @number@ patients.
six patients with remaining rebuild-up in postoperative follow-up eeg showed poorer postoperative clinical outcomes.
signal intensity on the inphase and out-of-phase mri was analyzed from the same location and size of the single-voxel ( @number@ ) h mrs measurement.
girls had a significantly lower vertebral bmf than mothers and fathers with both methods ( for all , p < @number@ ) .
the purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in short-term training adaptations in cortical excitability and inhibition.
thirty young ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) and @number@ older ( @number@ ± @number@ years ) individuals participated in the study.
during each testing session , transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to generate motor evoked potentials ( meps ) and silent periods in the tibialis anterior.
hoffmann reflexes ( h-reflexes ) and compound muscle action potentials ( m-waves ) were also evoked via electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve.
training did not significantly impact mep ( p = @number@ ) or h-reflex amplitudes ( p = @number@ ) .
there were no significant changes in any measures in the control group ( p ≥ @number@ ) across the two testing sessions.
these results indicate that a reduction in cortical inhibition may be an important neural adaptation in response to training in both young and older adults.
we apply a foucauldian gerontology perspective as our analytical tool.
the results of our study indicate that there is insufficient knowledge about the everyday life of older people in japan in gerontological research.
we identify a number of discursive practices applied in various research projects that present a one-sided story of old age in japan.
aortic stiffness was assessed during the @number@ visits by measuring carotid-femoral pwv.
agtr1 a1166c polymorphism was assayed by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.
the effects of this genotype on pwv were not related to the presence of antihypertensive treatment.
although healthy aging is associated with general cognitive decline , there is considerable variability in the extent to which cognitive functions decline or are preserved.
preserved cognitive function in the context of age-related neuroanatomical and functional changes , has been attributed to compensatory mechanisms.
we used a graph theoretical approach to derive cognitive activation-related functional magnetic resonance imaging networks.
memory for everyday events plays a central role in tasks of daily living , autobiographical memory , and planning.
event memory depends in part on segmenting ongoing activity into meaningful units.
two hundred and eight adults ranging from @number@ to 79years old segmented movies of everyday events and attempted to remember the events afterwards.
they also completed psychometric ability tests and tests measuring script knowledge for everyday events.
these results suggest that event segmentation is a basic cognitive mechanism , important for memory across the lifespan.
cognitive aging is a heterogeneous reality among the senior population.
studies have recently identified certain factors that may contribute to maintaining the cognitive health of seniors.
to date , these research studies have primarily focused on individual determinants , namely : health conditions and lifestyle habits.
a review of the literature was conducted in order to explore the socio-environmental factors that may influence the cognitive vitality of seniors.
this review demonstrates that studies that have examined this potential link are very rare.
however , studies have shown that the environment could modulate certain lifestyle habits which , in turn , can influence cognition.
this article uses an ecological approach to illustrate individual and socio-environmental targets for the promotion of the cognitive health of seniors.
objectives : research suggests that the strength of the relationship between body image and emotional distress decreases with age.
the present post-hoc study assessed relationships between age , body image , and emotional distress in women facing breast cancer surgery.
these women may benefit from pre-surgical interventions designed to improve body image or to reduce pre-surgical emotional distress.
methods : we used a literature review for analysis.
furthermore , serial mri may be required to monitor adverse side effects associated with such drugs.
conclusions : global clinical scales such as cdr-sb and rosa should be considered for use with treatments aiming at slowing disease progression.
background : poor oral health is associated with an increased risk of dementia in the elderly.
one possible pathway linking these two phenomena is lacunar infarction , a potential cause of dementia.
an association between poor oral health and an increased risk of ischaemic stroke has been recognised through the oral infection-inflammation pathway.
however , little is known about whether poor oral health is associated with the progression of lacunar infarction.
the subjects underwent dental radiography , periodontal examinations and brain mri.
one experienced specialist in cardiovascular disease and one experienced neurosurgeon determined the number of lacunar infarctions on brain mri.
periodontologists performed clinical periodontal examinations.
variables related to oral health were determined from the radiographs by an oral radiologist.
information on the subjects ' lifestyles and disease histories were obtained using a structured questionnaire and confirmed by clinical records.
adjacent categories logit regression analysis with backward elimination was used to determine variables associated with three groups based on the number of lacunar infarctions.
results : of the @number@ subjects , @number@ had lacunar infarctions.
nineteen had multiple ( ≥7 ) lesions.
the significance of hyperlipidaemia and alveolar bone height disappeared in an unadjusted model.
this tendency did not disappear in an unadjusted model.
conclusion : our results suggest that lacunar infarction may be associated with current periodontal disease in japanese adults.
there is strong evidence that alzheimer's disease ( ad ) pathology starts decades before clinical onset.
cognitive reserve ( cr ) and brain reserve can be a good predictive model for ad development.
neuroimaging can help in describing cerebral reserves , as well as in detecting ad brain pathology before the onset of clinical dementia.
education and occupation act as proxies for cr and are associated with a lower risk of ad and delayed onset of symptoms.
a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study of brain metabolism shows different metabolic phenotypes among subjects with different educational levels and apoe genotypes.
thus , cr can counteract a genetically unfavorable background , suggesting a possible preventive strategy.
ad research findings have already produced results , since recent epidemiological studies report a decreasing incidence of ad in the last years.
the concept of reserve is used to explain the observation that some individuals function better than others in the presence of brain pathology.
this article reviews the concept of reserve from its theoretical basis to the implication of reserve for clinical practice.
this provides a basis for controlled clinical studies that can test specific exposures that may enhance reserve.
the concept of cognitive reserve also has important implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.
study objective : steep trendelenburg position is frequently used during gynecologic minimally invasive surgery ( mis ) .
however , little attention has been given to the potential impact of this nonphysiologic positioning on patients , specifically intraocular pressure ( iop ) .
the purpose of our study was to evaluate iop changes during laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy conducted in the steep trendelenburg position.
design : prospective cohort study ( canadian task force classification ii-2 ) .
setting : john sealy hospital at the university of texas medical branch , galveston , tx.
patients : female patients with no history of ocular pathology who underwent elective robotic or laparoscopic hysterectomy.
interventions : the anesthesia protocol was standardized for all study patients.
ocular perfusion pressure ( opp ) was calculated using the following equation : opp = map - iop.
main results : a total of @number@ patients were included in this prospective study.
opp significantly decreased from baseline after @number@ hours of steep trendelenburg positioning ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : iop increases significantly when patients are placed in the steep trendelenburg position.
cavi was assessed by a vasera vs-1000 instrument.
results : there were statistically significant higher cavi values in elc subjects ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : patients with elc had higher cavi than normal subjects.
however , specialized care or rehabilitation programs for dsl are scarce.
until now , low vision rehabilitation does not sufficiently target concurrent impairments in vision and hearing.
a pilot study was conducted to test and confirm the dsl protocol.
trial registration : netherlands trial register ( ntr ) identifier : ntr2843.
due to increased life expectancy in a growing world population , the impact of ageing on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases will increase.
background : cosmetic procedures are growing ever more common , and the use of soft tissue fillers is increasing.
methods : a review of available evidence was conducted.
conclusion : clinical and biocompatibility data from longer than @number@ years support the favorable clinical safety profile of bdde-crosslinked ha and its degradation products.
given the strength of the empirical evidence , physicians should be confident in offering these products to their patients.
the primary themes that emerged in the literature are ageism and stigma , gender , mental health , and social supports.
recommendations for future research regarding prevention and education of risks for older adults and programming suitable for a wide range of audiences are presented.
the aging process is a normal stage in development characterized by the gradual deterioration of all life functions.
as far as reproduction is concerned , aging is characterized by a significant limitation of fertility in both sexes.
various techniques are now widely available to allow the detailed examination of reproductive hazards using only minor samples of genetic material.
these methods are highly sensitive and specific and allow the characterization of distortions at subcellular and even molecular level.
this short review briefly summarizes the current understanding of reproductive aging , as well as its potential clinical and anthropological impact.
methods : we used a pretest / posttest design with objectives aimed at measuring increases in research productivity following a targeted intervention.
pre-tigr / post-tigr data related to participant screening , recruitment , consent , and research processes were compared.
research productivity was measured through abstracts , publications , and investigator-initiated projects.
results : research products increased from @number@ to @number@ ( approximately @percent@ ) .
research proposals for federal funding increased from @number@ to @number@ with success rate of @percent@.
participant screenings for the nih-funded study increased from @number@ to @number@
consents increased from @number@ to @number@
laboratory service fees were reduced from $ 300 per participant to $ 5 per participant.
the team is now well positioned to apply for more federally funded projects , and more trauma clinicians are considering research careers than before.
objective : in a recent study , we found that greenlandic inuit children had a more adverse metabolic profile than danish children.
aerobic fitness and adiposity could only partly account for the differences.
therefore , we set out to evaluate and compare plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in danish and inuit children.
all differences remained after adjustment for body fat percentage ( bf% ) , aerobic fitness , age and puberty.
these differences were eliminated after adjustment for bf% , aerobic fitness , age and puberty.
conclusions : in contrast to our hypothesis , plasma leptin was higher in danish children despite a more healthy metabolic profile compared to inuit children.
as expected , plasma adiponectin was lowest in inuit children with the most adverse metabolic profile.
purpose : elderly with dementia are often afflicted with sleep problems.
recent studies have suggested that acupuncture may be a feasible alternative to traditional sleep medicine for treating sleep disturbance.
this study investigated the effectiveness of acupuncture on sleep quality of elderly with dementia.
patients and methods : nineteen elders with dementia were followed through a control period and an acupuncture treatment period , each lasting @number@ weeks.
outcome measures were subjects ' sleep quality and cognitive function.
sleep parameters were recorded by wrist actigraphy.
cognitive function was assessed by the alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive ( adas-cog ) .
pretests and posttests were conducted immediately before and after the control and treatment periods.
changes in the outcome measures between control and treatment periods were compared.
a nonsignificant trend for improvement in sleep efficiency was observed.
improvement in cognitive function was not statistically significant.
a total of @percent@ of the subjects completed the treatment regime.
strengths and limitations of the present study as well as suggestions for further studies were considered.
however , the biological and clinical significance of this age-associated epigenetic drift is unclear.
in addition , we show that these genes synergize topologically with disease and longevity genes , forming unexpectedly large network communities.
thus , these results point toward a potentially distinct mechanistic and biological role of dna methylation in dictating the complex aging and disease phenotypes.
design and methods : observational retrospective cohort study on @number@ consecutive co-ghd adults transferred to our unit from @date@ to @date@ .
evaluation of ghd in pediatrics and after transition was conducted following consensus guidelines.
data recorded from pediatric and adult files were gh doses , pituitary magnetic resonance imaging and function , and metabolic and bone status.
results : most patients presented with severe co-ghd ( @percent@ ) associated with other pituitary deficits ( @percent@ ) .
co-ghd was acquired in @percent@ , congenital in @percent@ , and idiopathic in @percent@ cases.
most patients ( @percent@ ) stopped gh before transfer , at @number@ years ( median ) , despite persistence of ghd.
median age at transfer was @number@ years.
after transfer , ghd persisted in @number@ patients and four of the @number@ resolutive ghd were non idiopathic.
igf1 level was < -2 sds in @percent@ of treated patients at transfer and in @percent@ of them after @number@ years of treatment.
follow-up showed improvement in lipid profile and bone mineral density in severely persistent ghd patients under gh therapy.
in multivariate analysis , the associated pituitary deficits seemed stronger determinant factors of metabolic and bone status than ghd.
mixed findings have been reported on the relationship between hippocampal integrity and major depression in clinical populations.
few neuroimaging studies have investigated associations between hippocampal measures and depressive symptoms in nondemented older adults.
depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item geriatric depression scale ( gds ) .
clinically significant depression was defined using a cut-off score of @number@ or greater.
hippocampal data included mri-derived volume data normalized to midsagittal area and mrs-derived n-acetylaspartate to creatine ratios ( naa / cr ) .
these effects were consistent after controlling for age , education , and gender.
reduction in hippocampal volume could represent a risk factor or a consequence of depression in older adults.
further studies are needed to better understand the role of the hippocampus in the development and experience of depression in older adults.
the analysis was based on the sample of @number@ @number@ non-institutionalized adult population from finland , poland and spain.
the social network questionnaire collaborative research on ageing in europe social network index ( courage-sni ) was part of the courage questionnaire.
the indicators of the functioning of social network ties ( close relations ) , frequency of direct contact and general support were evaluated.
functions were assess within the main structural components as spouse , parents , children , grandchildren , other relatives , friends , coworkers and neighbours.
the exploratory factor analysis revealed five main latent components of social network with one component composed of hierarchical part.
the confirmatory factor analysis provided an acceptable fit for the model.
finally , the courage-sni score was obtained as the sum of weighted information calculated by the item response theory procedure for every aforementioned component.
key practitioner message : the courage-sni is a new tool to assess the construct of social network in population studies.
the courage-sni is an instrument useful to identify high risk groups or populations whose social network is poorer.
age-related alterations of dermal proteoglycans have not been fully elucidated.
we quantified transcripts of @number@ known interstitial proteoglycans in human skin and found that decorin was the most highly expressed.
decorin was predominantly produced by dermal fibroblasts.
decorin was localized in dermal extracellular matrix with gag bound to type i collagen fibrils.
the average size of decorin protein did not alter , indicating size of gag chain is reduced in aged , compared to young skin.
this age-dependent alteration of decorin gag may contribute to skin fragility of elderly people.
regular strength-balance exercises are highly recommended to reduce this problem and to improve health , well-being , and independence in old age.
however , many older people face a lack of motivation in addition to other strong barriers to exercise.
we developed activelifestyle , an information technology ( it ) -based system for active and healthy aging aiming at improving balance and strength.
methods : a total of @number@ older adults followed personalized , 12-week strength and balance training plans.
all participants performed the exercises autonomously at home.
adherence to the exercise plan was evaluated using performance data collected by the app and through information given by the participants during the study.
pretests and posttests were performed to evaluate gait speed of the participants before and after the study.
of the @number@ participants who enrolled , @number@ ( @percent@ ) completed the study.
the exercises were effective to improve preferred and fast gait speed.
conclusions : activelifestyle assisted and motivated independently living and healthy older people to autonomously perform strength-balance exercises over @number@ weeks and had low dropout rates.
the social motivation strategies were more effective to stimulate the participants to comply with the training plan and remain on the intervention.
the adoption of assistive technology devices for physical intervention tends to motivate and retain older people exercising for longer periods of time.
objective : spirometric z scores by lambda-mu-sigma ( lms ) rigorously account for age-related changes in lung function.
recently , the global lung function initiative ( gli ) expanded lms spirometric z scores to multiple ethnicities.
conclusions : in an aging population , we found ethnic differences in gli-defined respiratory impairment.
in particular , african americans had high rates of respiratory impairment that were associated with mortality but not respiratory symptoms.
influenza exacts a heavy burden on the elderly , a segment of the population that is estimated to experience rapid growth in the near future.
in the past decade most developed and several developing countries have recommended influenza vaccination for those > @number@ years of age.
the world health organization ( who ) set a goal of @percent@ influenza vaccination coverage among the elderly by @number@ but it was not achieved.
there were interference-related increases in activity , involving fronto-parietal and basal ganglia networks that generalized across age.
in addition an age-by-task interaction was observed within a distributed network , including dlpfc and acc , with greater activity during interference in the old.
this analysis revealed two networks differentially related to performance across age groups.
two review articles published in @number@ and @number@ by hanahan and weinberg have dominated the discourse about carcinogenesis among researchers in the recent past.
the basic tenets of their arguments favour considering cancer as a cell-based , genetic disease whereby dna mutations cause uncontrolled cell proliferation.
their explanation of cancer phenotypes is based on the premises adopted by the somatic mutation theory ( smt ) and its cell-centered variants.
from their perspective , eight broad features have been identified as so-called ' hallmarks of cancer'.
here , we criticize the value of these features based on the numerous intrinsic inconsistencies in the data and in the rationale behind smt.
an alternative interpretation of the same data plus data mostly ignored by hanahan and weinberg is proposed , based instead on evolutionarily relevant premises.
from such a perspective , cancer is viewed as a tissue-based disease.
in this view , cancer is development gone awry.
stem cell research holds a promise to treat and prevent age-related degenerative changes in humans.
literature is replete with studies showing that stem cell function declines with aging , especially in highly proliferative tissues / organs.
among others , telomerase and telomere damage is one of the intrinsic physical instigators that drive agerelated degenerative changes.
in this review we provide brief overview of telomerase-deficient aging affects in diverse stem cells populations.
furthermore , potential disease phenotypes associated with telomerase dysregulation in a specific stem cell population is also discussed in this review.
additionally , the role of telomerase in stem cell driven cancer is also briefly touched upon.
normal ageing is associated with diverse physiological changes in all organ systems but the rate and extent of these changes vary markedly among individuals.
one aspect of ageing research focuses on the molecular profiling of the changes that occur with increasing age in humans.
such profiling has implications for disease prevention and treatment.
our data provide important additional phenotypic and biochemical characterization of a previously generated model of pd.
at @number@ weeks mice were evaluated in a comprehensive lab animal monitoring system ( clams ) .
results : snca mice display significant motor deficits at 14-18 weeks of age compared to wt mice , which progress over time.
conclusions : this pd model displays consistent and clinically relevant motor and sleep phenotypes.
anxiety phenotypes are consistent with other α-synuclein based pd models yet incongruous with typical clinical symptoms.
early increases in serotonin levels potentially explain reductions in anxiety behaviors and sleep.
introduction : there is an age-related conversion of red to yellow bone marrow in the axial skeleton , with a gender-related difference less well established.
however the interaction explained only @percent@ of the observed variance.
main effects were not statistically significant.
bmi was non-significantly related to ff quantification.
our findings suggest that quantification of bone marrow ff using mrs might be used as a surrogate biomarker of bone marrow activity in clinical settings.
objective : to investigate associations between daily n-3 pufa intake and the severity of skin photoaging.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted on @number@ subjects aged 45-60 years from the su.vi.max cohort.
at baseline , trained investigators graded the severity of facial skin photoaging using a validated 6-grade scale during a clinical examination.
in women , ala from vegetable oils also tended to be inversely linked to photoaging.
conclusions : these findings suggest a possible benefit effect of n-3 pufas on skin aging.
nonetheless , further epidemiological studies are necessary to confirm our results and to gain additional insights into underlying mechanisms.
purpose : to examine if myopia is a risk factor for age-related cataract.
design : systematic review and meta-analysis.
results : a total of @number@ @number@ subjects aged 30-97 years from @number@ population-based studies were included in the meta-analysis.
conclusions : the associations of myopia with prevalent nuclear and psc cataract are confirmed in meta-analysis of @number@ study findings.
the association of myopia with incidence of age-related cataract could not be confirmed in meta-analysis of @number@ study findings.
we set out to explore stakeholders ' views about the ethical and practical challenges associated with recruiting care home residents into research studies.
data were analysed using a thematic approach incorporating themes that had been identified in advance , and themes derived from the data.
researchers discussed evidence for themes , and reached consensus on the final themes.
results : respondents were generally accepting of low risk observational studies and slightly less accepting of low risk randomised trials of medicinal products.
although respondents identified some practical barriers to informed consent , consenting arrangements were considered workable.
opinions differed about what should happen should residents lose capacity during a research study.
at present certain conditions are used for the application of these reagents , as determined by trial-and-error investigations , to the effect on fingerprints.
the recovery of amino acids from a porous surface can be used as a measure for the efficacy of a visualization agent.
in this paper we describe a method for the determination of the amount of amino acid left after reaction with well known fingerprint visualization reagents.
this will allow a more scientific approach to method development for fingermark enhancement techniques.
these studies have resulted in a broader understanding of the mechanism involved in visualization of fingermarks using dfo and ninhydrin.
in @number@ years of spalax research , spontaneous tumors have never been recorded among thousands of individuals.
the remaining animals are still healthy @number@ months post-treatment.
growth of cancer cells was inhibited by either direct interaction with spalax fibroblasts or with soluble factors released into culture media and soft agar.
no effect on cancer cells was observed using fibroblasts from mouse , rat or acomys.
spalax fibroblast conditioned media had no effect on proliferation of noncancerous cells.
obviously , along with adaptation to hypoxia , spalax has evolved efficient anti-cancer mechanisms yet to be elucidated.
background : the aim of the study was to verify the association between body composition and physical fitness with bone status in children and adolescents.
methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted with @number@ healthy students ( @number@ boys , @number@ girls ) .
results : in the study group , girls had higher bone parameter values than boys.
a univariate analysis assessed in a stepwise multiple regression model was conducted.
telomeres , located at the end of linear chromosomes , are essential to maintain genomic stability.
telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the fields of ageing and disease.
to maintain telomere length ( tl ) and reduce its degradation after mitosis , the telomerase enzyme complex is produced.
genetic , epigenetic , hormonal and environmental factors can regulate telomerase function.
these include stress hormones such as cortisol and growth factors.
the ( hpa ) axis has been evaluated in psychiatric diseases where hypercortisolism and oxidative stress are often present.
some researches have linked tl shortening to increases in stress-related cortisol , but others have not.
the effects of cortisol on the telomere system are complex and may depend on the intensity and duration of exposure.
both igf-1 and tl diminish with age and are positively and strongly correlated with each other.
it is not clear whether this positive correlation reflects a single association or a cause-effect relationship.
further research will ideally investigate longitudinal changes in telomeres and both these hormonal axes.
this review focuses on the possible relationships between telomere dysfunction and the ( hpa ) axis and gh-igf-1 system.
method : tract integrity was determined using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography ( tract-averaged fractional anisotropy [ fa ] ) .
using confirmatory factor analysis , we compared first-order and bifactor models to investigate whether specific tract-ability associations were accounted for by g.
after controlling for g within the bifactor model , some significant specific cognitive domain associations remained.
results also suggest that the primary effects of controlling for whole brain integrity were on g associations , not specific abilities.
conclusion : results suggest that g accounts for most of , but not all , the tract-cognition associations in the current data.
when controlling for age-related overall brain structural changes , only minor attenuations of the tract-cognition associations were found , and these were primarily with g.
in totality , the results highlight the importance of controlling for g when investigating associations between specific cognitive abilities and neuropsychology variables.
lower levels of behavior problems were predicted by improvements in maternal depressive symptoms.
higher levels of functional abilities were predicted by prior measures of and improvements in maternal depressive symptoms.
dementia status was also predicted by parental characteristics.
the study suggests the importance of the family context for healthy aging in adults with down syndrome.
older adults show hyper- ( or excessive ) binding effects for simultaneously and sequentially presented distraction.
here , we addressed the potential role of hyper-binding in paired-associate learning.
across @number@ experiments , older adults made more false alarms to near re-pairings than to far re-pairings.
younger adults , on the other hand , showed no difference in false alarms to the @number@ types of rearranged pairs.
for each session , subjects were evaluated pre-and postintervention.
in the preintervention , the blood pressure ( bp ) and fvr were measured after @number@ min of rest.
both s50% and s80% were composed of a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises , with an interval of @number@ s between exercises.
subsequently , the fvr and bp measurements were again performed at @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ min of recovery ( postintervention ) .
concomitantly , the fvr also decreased significantly in both sessions , this reduction being more evident in s80% ( p < 0·05 ) .
following the enactment of medicare in @number@ access to health care for older adults in the united states improved.
nurses using public health approaches can lead and support social policies regarding the physical environment and daily life circumstances that contribute to health equity.
one of the main features of human aging is the loss of adult stem cell homeostasis.
organs that are very dependent on adult stem cells show increased susceptibility to aging , particularly organs that present a vascular stem cell niche.
reduced regenerative capacity in tissues correlates with reduced stem cell function , which parallels a loss of microvascular density ( rarefraction ) and plasticity.
in addition , microvascular rarefaction is related to increased inflammatory signals that may negatively regulate the stem cell population.
thus , the processes of microvascular rarefaction , adult stem cell dysfunction , and inflammation underlie the cycle of physiological decline that we call aging.
observations from new mouse models and humans are discussed here to support the vascular aging theory.
we develop a novel theory to explain the complexity of aging in mammals and perhaps in other organisms.
background : dementia will inevitably increase in the aging world.
moreover there is no cure for dementia.
therefore , primary prevention is very important.
there are several factors possibly and / or certainly influencing dementia risk including non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors.
there are evidences that the risk of developing dementia may be reduced by modifiable risk factors.
lifestyle factors : the strategies are to encourage regular physical and mental exercise in midlife and in late-life.
conclusion : it is important to develop a systematic public-health strategy and research specific to primary prevention of dementia in thailand with the evidence-based medicine.
benign prostate hyperplasia ( bph ) and prostate cancer ( pca ) are the most common prostatic disorders affecting elderly men.
both bph and pca are considered to be arisen from aberrant proliferation of prostate stem cells.
aberrant changes in prostate stem cell regulatory factors may contribute to the development of bph or pca.
understanding these regulatory factors may provide insight into the mechanisms that convert quiescent adult prostate cells into proliferating compartments and lead to bph or carcinoma.
in this review , we address recent progress towards understanding the putative role and complexities of stem cells in the development of bph and pca.
senescence is characterized by a breakdown of immunological self-tolerance , resulting in increased reactivity to self-antigens.
previous findings suggest that age and its receptor rage may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune reactions through dendritic cell ( dc ) activation.
we found that resveratrol exerts an inhibitory effect on dc surface maturation marker and rage up-regulation in response to age-albumin.
it also inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression , allostimulatory ability upregulation , mitogen-activated protein ( map ) kinases , and nf-κb activation in age-albumin-stimulated dcs.
we suggest that resveratrol , by dismantling age / rage signaling on dcs may prevent or reduce increased reactivity to self-molecules in aging.
alternatively , one can study the genetics of intermediate traits that are known risk factors for cvd , which can be measured quantitatively.
these biomarkers belong to inflammatory and immune , connective tissue , lipid , and hemostasis pathways.
of these , @number@ met our quality control standards.
a genome-wide panel of @number@ snps was used subsequently to map these biomarkers as quantitative traits.
characterization of the timing and nature of symptomatic dysfunction is important for understanding the impact of α-syn on disease progression.
furthermore , this knowledge is essential for identifying pathways and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
our findings indicate a53t mice develop fine , sensorimotor , and synaptic deficits before the onset of age-related gross motor and cognitive dysfunction.
results from open field and rotarod tests show a53t mice develop age-dependent changes in locomotor activity and reduced anxiety-like behavior.
additionally , digigait analysis shows these mice develop an abnormal gait by @number@ months of age.
a53t mice also exhibit spatial memory deficits at @number@ and @number@ months , as demonstrated by y-maze performance.
these mice also show significant abnormalities in basal synaptic transmission , paired-pulse facilitation and long-term depression ( ltd ) .
the etiology of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) after chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is only marginally understood.
both technologies identified inactivation of the pi3k / akt / mtor pathway accompanying premature senescence.
in addition , expression of proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure and eif2 signaling was reduced.
age-related diseases such as cvd have been previously associated with increased endothelial cell senescence.
we postulate that a similar endothelial aging may contribute to the increased rate of cvd seen in populations chronically exposed to low-dose-rate radiation.
background : the cross talk between rage and angiotensin ii ( angii ) activation may be important in the development of atherosclerosis.
the mice were divided into @number@ groups @number@ saline infusion and saline injection ; @number@ saline infusion and srage injection ; @number@
angii infusion and saline injection ; @number@
angii infusion and srage injection.
saline or @number@ µg , @number@ µg , to @number@ µg / day / mouse of srage were injected intraperitoneally daily for @number@ days.
conclusion : the results demonstrated that partical blockade of rage activation by srage prevent angii -induced atherosclerosis.
taken together , results from this study may provide the basis for future anti- atherosclerotic drug development mediated through rage activation.
population-based survival studies of breast cancer patients are commonly restricted to age- and stage-specific analyses.
data from the population-based saarland cancer registry including female patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between @number@ and @number@ were included.
period analysis methodology and regression modelling were used to obtain estimates of 5-year relative survival and tumor related excess risks in 2005-2009.
overall age standardized 5-year relative survival was @percent@.
in addition to age and stage , tumor grade and hormone receptor status were independent predictors of 5-year relative survival.
this high resolution study extends available population-based survival data of breast cancer patients.
particular efforts should be made to overcome the persisting large survival deficits , which were observed for elderly patients in all clinical subgroups.
objectives : leisure-time physical activity ( pa ) has been established to be related to more years lived without disability.
however , less is known about the relationship between occupational pa and disability in old age.
the association of occupational pa during the longest held occupation with disability in old age was determined using logistic regression.
our results highlight the importance of encouraging white collar workers to engage in physical activity during or outside work hours.
objectives : cognitive impairment remains frequent in hiv , despite combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) .
leading theories implicate peripheral monocyte hiv dna reservoirs as a mechanism for spread of the virus to the brain.
these reservoirs remain present despite cart.
we determined hand diagnoses by consensus panel and all participants underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) to measure markers of brain injury.
immune activation was measured via cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) .
twenty-eight of @number@ met hand criteria.
the log10 cd14 ( + ) hiv dna was associated with hand in unadjusted and adjusted models ( p = @number@ ) .
there was a @number@ increased odds ratio for hand per @number@ log-value of hiv dna ( 10-fold increase in copy number ) .
it is unclear whether repeated exposure to ultra-endurance aerobic exercise is beneficial or detrimental in the long-term and whether it attenuates biological aging.
we quantified @number@ ultra-marathon runners ' and @number@ apparently healthy males ' leukocyte telomere length ( t / s ratio ) using real-time quantitative pcr.
the difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors ( p = @number@.2×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
neither traditional cardiovascular risk factors nor markers of inflammation / adhesion molecules explained the difference in leukocyte telomere length between ultra-marathon runners and controls.
taken together these data suggest that regular engagement in ultra-endurance aerobic exercise attenuates cellular aging.
there is increasing evidence that nutrient-sensing machinery is critically involved in the regulation of aging.
reduced expression of the receptor for this pathway has been reported to prolong the lifespan ; however , the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.
here we show that haploinsufficiency of akt1 leads to an increase of the lifespan in mice.
akt1 ( + / - ) mice had a lower body weight than their littermates with less fat mass and normal glucose metabolism.
ribosomal biogenesis and the mitochondrial dna content were significantly reduced in these mice , along with a decrease of oxidative stress.
inhibition of akt-1 led to a decrease of ribosomal gene expression and the mitochondrial dna content in both human cells and nematodes.
exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids during development can result in later cardiovascular and renal disease in sheep and rats.
although prenatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with impaired renal development , less is known about effects on the developing heart.
heart weights of the dex fetuses also tended to be smaller at e14.5 , but not different at e17.5.
cardiac at1ar , bax , and igf-1 mrna expression was significantly increased by dex compared to sal at e17.5.
in 12-month-old offspring dex exposure caused an increase in basal blood pressure of ~3 mmhg.
in addition , dex exposed mice had a widened pulse pressure compared to sal.
dex exposed males at @number@ months had an approximate @percent@ reduction in nephron number compared to sal , but no difference in cardiomyocyte number.
however , the widened pulse pressure may be indicative of altered vascular compliance.
old age is associated with reduced mobility of the hand.
to investigate age related decline when reaching-to-lift an object we used sophisticated kinematic apparatus to record reaches carried out by healthy older and younger participants.
older participants showed quantitative differences to their younger counterparts - movements were slower and peak speed did not scale with object distance.
there were also qualitative differences with older adults showing a greater propensity to stop the hand and adjust finger position before lifting objects.
little is known about the neural processes associated with the representation of everyday sounds and how these may be affected by aging.
this neural adaptation was greater in young than in older adults and was more pronounced when the same sound was repeated at the same location.
moreover , the p2 waves showed differential patterns of domain-specific adaptation when location and identity was repeated among young adults.
each sd greater cfpwv was associated with lower tcbv equivalent to @number@ years of brain aging.
brachial artery endothelial function was unrelated to mri measures ( all p > @number@ ) .
future investigations are warranted to evaluate the potential impact of prevention and treatment of unfavorable arterial hemodynamics on neurocognitive outcomes.
each measure was included one at a time in the model , adjusted for duration of follow-up and age at death.
a final model included measures showing an association with p < @number@
results : mean age at death was @number@ years ( @number@ sd ) .
in the final mixed-effects models , arteriolosclerosis , myelin pallor , and braak score remained significantly associated with increased wmh accumulation over time.
conclusion : accumulating white matter changes in advanced age are likely driven by small-vessel ischemic disease.
additionally , these results suggest a link between ad pathology and white matter integrity disruption.
this may be due to wallerian degeneration secondary to neurodegenerative changes.
alternatively , a shared mechanism , for example ischemia , may lead to both vascular brain injury and neurodegenerative changes of ad.
the observed correlation between atherosclerosis and ad pathology supports the latter.
design : population-based study of thyrotoxicosis at disease onset.
in gd , patients diagnosed in the area with more severe iodine deficiency had lower levels of t3 and t4.
trab-negative gd patients had biochemically mild thyrotoxicosis.
higher age was also associated with lower degree of biochemical thyrotoxicosis in nodular toxic goiter.
existing strategies create this partition based on the predicted response probabilities , or propensity scores , from the fitted model.
we can use this diagnostic under both prospective and retrospective sampling designs , and it may ascertain general forms of misspecification.
we first present simple graphical and numerical summaries that can be used in a binary logistic model.
we then generalize the tools to propose model diagnostics for the proportional odds model.
however , the velocity rate of the increasing was slower in old subjects than in young group.
the study shows that eaas ingestion by old subject is associated with reduced muscle eaa uptake.
racial and ethnic health disparities in reproductive medicine exist across the life span and are costly and burdensome to our healthcare system.
some groups have advocated using self-reported ancestry or carefully selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms , also known as ancestry informative markers , to sort individuals into populations.
epigenetics may provide the biologic link between these environmental factors and the transgenerational disparities that are observed.
normal cells enter a senescent state upon aberrant oncogenic signals and this response inhibits tumor initiation and progression.
it is now well admitted that intracellular and membrane localized oncogenes can illicit oncogene induced senescence.
however , the effect of mitogenic growth factor on cellular senescence is so far largely unknown.
here we show that normal human dermal fibroblasts display a complex response to platelet derived growth factor b ( pdgfb ) expression.
indeed , pdgfb expression induces , in the same cell population , both senescence and cellular transformation.
remarkably both populations are sustained with passages suggesting that transformed cells eventually enter a senescent state.
together these data support the view that pdgfb , a mitogenic growth factor , has a limited ability to induce senescence.
we propose that this low level of senescence might decrease the transforming ability of this factor without totally abolishing it.
purpose : to investigate the effects of a secondary task on standing balance in patients with glaucoma or amd compared with age-similar control subjects.
center of foot-pressure average displacement ( root mean square [ rms ] ; in millimeters ) was calculated.
conclusions : postural instability increases with the addition of a secondary task in older persons , which may put them at greater risk of falls.
patients with central losses exhibit greater instability with the addition of a secondary task , particularly during somatosensory perturbations.
the negative effects of secondary tasks on balance control in those with peripheral visual losses become more apparent under somatosensory perturbations.
senescence is a stable proliferation arrest , associated with an altered secretory pathway , thought to promote tumor suppression and tissue aging.
while chromatin regulation and lamin b1 down-regulation have been implicated as senescence effectors , functional interactions between them are poorly understood.
canyons mostly form between lads and are enriched in genes and enhancers.
h3k27me3 loss is correlated with up-regulation of key senescence genes , indicating a link between global chromatin changes and local gene expression regulation.
lamin b1 reduction in proliferating cells triggers senescence and formation of mesas and canyons.
however , little is known about progdnf expression and secretion under physiological as well as pathological states in vivo or in vitro.
methods : cross-sectional study of adults ≥ @number@ years.
bp responses to a 3-min head-up tilt were analysed.
results : of @number@ participants , 203 ( @percent@ ) were females.
the median ( iqr ) age was @number@ ( 70-78 ) .
one hundred and ninety-one ( @percent@ ) met standard ( @number@ mmhg systolic / 10 mmhg diastolic ) criteria for oh.
the 5th centile for percentage recovery of sysbp was @percent@.
background : very few studies have examined the association between intra-individual reaction time variability and subsequent mortality.
furthermore , the ability of simple measures of variability to predict mortality has not been compared with more complex measures.
from this cohort , 770-790 participants were included in cox proportional hazards regression models of survival.
vital status and time in study were used to conduct survival analyses.
the mean reaction time and three measures of intra-individual reaction time variability were calculated separately across @number@ trials of simple and choice reaction time tasks.
models were adjusted for a range of demographic , physical health and mental health measures.
the mean reaction time had no significant association with mortality.
conclusion : intra-individual variability in simple reaction time appears to have a robust association with mortality over @number@ years.
considered key is the urgent need to effectively stem chronic noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) .
they accounted for over @percent@ of global deaths and @percent@ of the global disease burden in @number@. [ @number@ ]
purpose : ventral abdominal wall hernias are common and repair is frequently associated with complications and recurrence.
this report provides added support for padm use in complex ventral hernias.
patient comorbidities , repair procedures , and postoperative recovery , recurrence , and complications were noted.
previously placed synthetic mesh was removed in @number@ cases.
in @number@ cases , primary fascial closure was achieved ; in @number@ cases , padm was used as a bridge.
mean hospital stay was @number@ days ( range , 3-32 ) and mean follow-up was @number@ months ( range , 1-48 ) .
there were @number@ ( @number@ % ) hernia recurrences , @number@ requiring additional repair and @number@ requiring padm explantation.
conclusions : non-crosslinked intact padm yielded favorable early outcomes when used to repair complex ventral abdominal wall hernias in high-risk patients.
secular changes and intra-individual differences in body shape and size can confound cross-sectional studies of muscle ageing.
normalising muscle mass to height squared is often suggested as a solution for this.
there were no age-related differences in femur volume.
for young subjects , the mean muscle / bone ratios were @number@ and @number@ for men and women , respectively.
for older men and women , the mean ratios were @number@ and @number@ respectively.
the extent of sarcopenia judged by the muscle / bone ratio was approximately twice that determined when normalising to height squared.
the quadriceps seems relatively more affected by ageing than other thigh muscles.
design : a cross-sectional study.
setting : seventy-three community-based ltc facilities in northern taiwan.
results : mna scores revealed that @percent@ of the subjects were at risk for malnutrition ( @number@ to @number@ points ) .
the frailty syndrome is a pre-disability condition suitable to be targeted by preventive interventions against disability.
then , in a second section , the general practitioner expresses his / her own view about the frailty status of the individual.
the clinical judgment of the general practitioner is finally retained for determining the eventual presence of frailty.
introduction : in europe the population is ageing rapidly.
older people are taking many medicinal products daily and these may not necessarily be suitable for them.
ethical , scope and context : the definition of a geriatric patient is reviewed.
frail and vulnerable patients , who are a minority of geriatric patients , should be included whenever it is relevant.
the legal context is described.
a simple , short and easy-to-understand information sheet and consent form will contribute to improving the readability and understanding of the older participant.
a participant guide and the use of a simple tool to ensure decision making capacity , are recommended.
design and analyses : design and analyses should be adapted to the objectives with appropriate outcomes and are not different from other clinical trials.
the aim of this guidance is to facilitate clinical research for and with the older patient population.
the long version of the guidance will be available on the efgcp's website : www.efgcp.be / .
interventions are crucial as they offer simple and inexpensive public health solutions that will be useful over the long term use.
a task force on designing trials of nutritional interventions to slow cognitive decline in older adults was held in toulouse in @date@ .
they discussed regulatory issues , the challenges posed by trials of different types of interventions , and the need for standardization and harmonization.
the task force concluded with recommendations for advancing the field toward better clinical trials.
design : retrospective cross-sectional study.
setting : memory clinic in a rural part of the netherlands.
participants : @number@ community-dwelling ad patients , aged @number@ years or older , were included.
linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of various factors on nutritional status.
results : the prevalence of malnutrition was @percent@ and @percent@ was at risk of malnutrition.
conclusion : one in seven community-dwelling elderly with newly diagnosed ad is at risk of malnutrition.
the degree of impairment in daily functioning is independently related to nutritional status.
therefore , assessment of the nutritional status should be included in the comprehensive assessment of ad patients.
the relation between daily functioning , nutritional status and ad warrants further investigation.
objectives : to investigate the effects of garlic on endothelial function in patients with ischemic stroke ( iss ) .
design : cross-sectional study.
participants : @number@ chinese patients with prior iss due to athero-thrombotic disease were recruited from the outpatient clinics during @date@ to @date@ .
results : the mean age of the study population was @number@.9±11.1 years and @percent@ were males.
mean allium vegetable intake and garlic intake of the study population was @number@.5±12.7g / day and @number@.9±8.8g / day respectively.
their mean fmd was @number@.6±2.3%.
objective : to compare the mortality-predictive ability of the full- and short-form ( sf ) mini nutritional assessment ( mna ) .
design : a prospective cohort study.
setting : population-representative sample.
participants : @number@ ≥65-year old men and women.
measurements : the study analyzed @number@ and @number@ datasets of the taiwan longitudinal survey on aging ( tlsa ) .
mortality-predictive abilities of the full-mna and mna-sf were compared using cox regression analysis and net reclassification improvement ( nri ) .
conclusion : the mna-sf has at least comparable or even slightly better ability in predicting follow-up 4-year mortality risk of elderly taiwanese.
results suggest that mna-sf with calf circumference may possess some basic characteristics of a comprehensive and universal geriatric screening scale.
participants : @number@ non-institutionalised men aged ≥70 years.
participants included @number@ community dwelling men who were interviewed and had clinical assessments.
conclusion : inadequate vitamin d status is highly prevalent among australian older men and is associated with specific lifestyle factors.
werner syndrome ( ws ) results from dysfunction of the wrn protein , and is associated with premature aging and early death.
the atm kinase is necessary for yap and pml accumulation in wrn-depleted cells.
notably , the depletion of either yap or pml partially impairs the induction of senescence following wrn loss.
altogether , our findings reveal that loss of wrn activity triggers the activation of an atm-yap-pml-p53 axis , thereby accelerating cellular senescence.
the latter has features of sasp ( senescence-associated secretory phenotype ) , whose protumorigenic properties are potentiated by yap , pml and p53 depletion.
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is an age-related neurodegenerative condition.
however , definitive biomarkers for this devastating disease in living people are still lacking.
further , an increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress in mci is associated with mmse score , vitamin e components , and β-carotene.
increased understanding of oxidative stress and protein alterations in easily obtainable peripheral tissues will be helpful in developing biomarkers to combat this devastating disorder.
currently , there is a call to discover novel biomarkers of mci in order to improve research criteria.
medial and lateral temporal differences during encoding and maintenance are consistent with previous findings , but lateral temporal differences are often not elaborated upon.
the ultimate goal of cognitive enhancement as an intervention for age-related cognitive decline is transfer to everyday cognitive functioning.
these results show that cognitive gain from auditory perception training depends on heightened white matter integrity in the ventral attention network.
these findings highlight the importance for cognitive training of top-down control of sensory processing by the dorsal attention network.
altered brain connectivity - observed in the two training tasks that showed far transfer effects - may be a marker for training success.
objective : both adverse social environments and genetic factors contribute to loneliness in old age.
design : this was a longitudinal observational study.
measurements : our main outcome measure is loneliness , which was assessed by four items extracted from the ulca loneliness scale.
no gene × social environment interactions were found for loneliness between rs242938 and an adverse social environment related to children.
objectives : the population of older patients with schizophrenia is increasing.
patients ' electronic medical records were merged with medicare claims , medicaid claims , the minimum dataset , and the outcome and assessment information set.
information on medication use was not available.
measurements : rates of comorbid conditions , healthcare utilization , costs , and mortality.
they had significantly lower rates of cancer ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) and significantly higher rates of dementia ( @percent@ versus @percent@ ) .
they also had significantly higher rates of healthcare utilization.
the mean costs for medicare and medicaid were significantly higher for the patients with schizophrenia than for the patients without schizophrenia.
individuals with late-life depression exhibit impairments in cognition and brain structural integrity , alongside mood dysfunction.
thus , for comprehensive treatment of late-life depression , it may be necessary to address both the affective and cognitive deficits.
the cholinergic system is well-established as important to cognition.
although muscarinic stimulation may exacerbate depressive symptoms , nicotinic stimulation may improve cognition and neural functioning without a detriment to mood.
late-life depression thus represents a new therapeutic target for the development of nicotinic agonist drugs.
development of amd has been recognized as contingent on environmental and genetic risk factors , the strongest being advanced age.
in this review , we highlight pathogenic changes that destabilize ocular homeostasis and promote amd development.
with normal aging , photoreceptors are steadily lost , bruch's membrane thickens , the choroid thins , and hard drusen may form in the periphery.
in amd , many of these changes are exacerbated in addition to the development of disease-specific factors such as soft macular drusen.
in amd , imbalances in the m1 and m2 populations together with activation of retinal microglia are observed and potentially contribute to tissue degeneration.
nonetheless , the retina persists in a state of chronic inflammation and increased expression of certain cytokines and inflammasomes is observed.
peroxisomes are ubiquitous and multifunctional organelles that are primarily known for their role in cellular lipid metabolism.
this review intends to provide a comprehensive picture of the complex role of mammalian peroxisomes in cellular redox metabolism.
we highlight how peroxisomal metabolism may contribute to the bioavailability of important mediators of oxidative stress , with particular emphasis on reactive oxygen species.
in addition , we review the biological properties of peroxisome-derived signaling messengers and discuss how these molecules may mediate various biological responses.
furthermore , we explore the emerging concepts that peroxisomes and mitochondria share an intricate redox-sensitive relationship and cooperate in cell fate decisions.
this is particularly relevant to the observed demise of peroxisome function which accompanies cellular senescence , organismal aging , and age-related diseases.
this study compared the effects of different weekly training frequencies on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training in previously trained elderly.
the interventions lasted @number@ weeks and each group performed identical exercise intensity and volume per session.
there were no changes after training in maximal emg and isometric peak torque.
w ( max ) was improved only in se3.
brain infarcts were rated visually.
wml volume was associated with significant decline in z score of executive functioning.
no independent associations between mri measures and memory decline were found.
cerebrovascular disease ( cvd ) and amyloid burden are the most frequent pathologies in subjects with cognitive impairment.
however , the relationship between cvd , amyloid burden , and cognition are largely unknown.
we recruited @number@ patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment who underwent magnetic resonance imaging , pib-positron emission tomography , and neuropsychological testing.
the number of lacunes was associated with memory , frontal dysfunctions , and disease severity.
the volume of white matter hyperintensities and the pib retention ratio were associated only with memory dysfunction.
in addition , there were no interactive effects of cvd and pib retention ratio on cognition.
here , we aimed to assess whether cognitive impairment in pd could drive these differences.
nondemented patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and participated in our wisconsin card sorting task functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol.
patients were separated into @number@ groups according to the presence of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
furthermore , reduced activation was observed in the premotor cortex of the mci patients.
finally , hippocampal activity , correlated with individual memory scores , suggesting a compensatory mechanism in patients with preserved memory.
these results suggest that the presence of mci in pd affects activity in the prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus as well as motor-related regions.
lumbar intervertebral discs ( ivds ) are prone to degeneration upon skeletal maturity.
in fact , this process could explain approximately @percent@ of the cases of low back pain in humans.
as a prerequisite to the development of these strategies , we must improve our fundamental knowledge regarding ivd pathophysiology.
this review summarizes our current understanding of ivd physiology and the complex cell-mediated processes that contribute to ivd degeneration.
collectively , these recent advances could inspire the scientific community to explore new biotherapeutic strategies.
objective : to investigate trends in the incidence of lens extraction over the past @number@ years.
design : longitudinal population-based cohort study.
participants : persons who participated in the beaver dam eye study.
examinations consisted of ocular examination with lens photography and grading ; medical history ; and measurements of blood pressure , height , and weight.
adjustments were made for age and gender.
values of risk variables were updated , and the incidence of lens extraction surgery was calculated in each 5-year interval.
main outcome measures : incidence of lens extraction with regard to presence of clinically significant lens opacity and visual function.
recency of examination was not attenuated by adjusting for additional risk factors.
conclusions : the incidence of lens extraction has increased over the past @number@ years in persons older than @number@ years.
it remains unknown however , whether esr polymorphisms are associated with the risk of decline in specific domains of cognitive function.
data came from @number@ non-demented , community-dwelling elderly women recruited in france to the 3c study.
detailed socio-demographic , behavioral , physical and mental health information was also gathered and genotyping of five common esr1 and esr2 polymorphisms was also performed.
in multivariable-adjusted cox analysis , esr1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 were not significantly associated with the risk of decline on any of the cognitive tasks.
however , significant associations with esr2 polymorphisms were identified.
there was also a weaker association between the a allele of rs4986938 and a decreased risk of decline in psychomotor speed.
intervention studies need a panel of measures which capture key features of healthy ageing.
proposed markers were exposed to critique in a workshop held in newcastle , uk in @date@ .
in addition , we have identified a number of tools which could be applied in community-based intervention studies designed to enhance healthy ageing.
conclusions : we have proposed , tentatively , a panel of outcome measures which could be deployed in community-based , lifestyle intervention studies.
immune system function declines with age.
here we review and compare age-associated changes in murine and human b cell pools and humoral immune responses.
methods : this was an observational , cross-sectional , multicenter , spontaneous , non-pharmacological study.
conclusion : the presence of a systemic disease may worsen the status of the posterior labyrinth causing a more frequent otolith detachment.
this condition increases the risk for patients suffering bppv to have recurrent episodes , even if correctly managed by repositioning maneuvers.
the combination of two or more of aforementioned comorbidities further increases the risk of relapsing bppv , worsened by the presence of osteoporosis.
this article reviews all papers published since the inception of the initiative and summarizes the results as of @date@ .
study design : observational.
we compared mortality and cvd outcomes in those reclassified to a worse egfrcys category with those unaffected.
results were combined using fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis.
limitations : rs13038305 explains only a small proportion of cystatin c variation.
however , on a population level , the effects on overall reclassification of ckd status are modest.
frailty is emerging as a syndrome of pre-disability that can identify persons at risk for negative outcomes.
its presence places the individual at risk for rapid deterioration when a major event such as myocardial infarction or hospitalization occurs.
in patients with cardiovascular disease , frailty is about three times more prevalent than among elderly persons without.
social participation has been linked to healthy aging and the maintenance of functional independence in older individuals.
however , causality remains tenuous because of the strong possibility of reverse causation ( healthy individuals selectively participate in social activities ) .
we conducted surveys of community residents both before ( in @number@ ) and after ( in @number@ ) the opening of the salons.
even with a pre / post survey design , our study could be subject to reverse causation and confounding bias.
our analyses suggest that participation in the newly-opened community salon was associated with a significant improvement in self-rated health over time.
healthy life expectancy is a composite measure of length and quality of life and an important indicator of health in aging populations.
there are few cross-country comparisons of socioeconomic differences in healthy life expectancy.
most of the existing comparisons focus on western europe and the united states , often relying on older data.
to address these deficiencies , we estimated educational differences in disability-free life expectancy for eight countries from all parts of europe in the early 2000s.
census-linked mortality data were collected by a recent project comparing health inequalities between european countries ( the euro-gbd-se project ) .
we calculated sex-specific educational differences in disability-free life expectancy between the ages of @number@ and @number@ years using the sullivan method.
the difference was smallest in italy ( @number@ and @number@ years among men and women , respectively ) .
highly educated europeans can expect to live longer and spend more years in better health than those with lower education.
the size of the educational difference in disability-free life expectancy varies significantly between countries.
the smallest and largest differences appear to be in southern europe and in eastern and northern europe , respectively.
neuropathies associated with diabetes , malignancy , and monoclonal gammopathies are even more common in these patients.
it is thus essential to identify the causes of these neuropathies in this group of patients and treat them whenever feasible.
cardiolipin ( cl ) , a mitochondria-specific glycerophospholipid , is required for diverse mitochondrial processes and orchestrates the function of various death-inducing proteins during apoptosis.
triap1 / preli complexes exert lipid transfer activity in vitro and supply phosphatidic acid ( pa ) for cl synthesis in the inner membrane.
survival of triap1- and preli-deficient cells is conferred by an excess of exogenously provided phosphatidylglycerol.
our results reveal a p53-dependent cell-survival pathway and highlight the importance of the cl content of mitochondrial membranes in apoptosis.
objective : this study examined whether there is an association between height and bp levels in japanese adolescents.
school-based screenings were conducted annually by the local government from april to june.
conclusion : the relationship between height and sbp was attenuated by development in females and the relationship between height and dbp disappeared.
design : retrospective cross-sectional study.
participants : @number@ patient files at a large canadian optometric clinic.
methods : a retrospective file review of patients aged @number@ to @number@ years from the university of waterloo , optometry clinic was conducted.
the same was done for bcva and the functions were compared.
results : right and left eye functions were not significantly different from each other for either pva or bcva.
pva differed ( ≥1 line ) from bcva in at least @number@ eye in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of patients.
conclusions : refractive testing resulted in an improvement in bcva over pva in the majority of patients , over a wide range of ages.
in order to understand current and changing patterns of population health , there is a clear need for high-quality health indicators.
the health indicators derived from these survey data are self-rated general health , overall health state , quality of life and disability levels.
the outcome of the study is mortality over a 2-year follow-up since the survey.
since there is yet no cure for dementia , there is great pressure to discover potential therapeutics for these diseases.
one popular candidate is curcumin or diferuloylmethane , a polyphenolic compound that is the main curcuminoid found in curcuma longa ( family zingiberaceae ) .
particularly , the hydrophobicity of the curcumin molecule hints at the possibility of blood-brain barrier penetration and accumulation in the brain.
despite the many efforts that are currently being made to improve the bioavailability of curcumin , brain concentration of curcumin remains low.
herein , the neuroprotective potential of curcumin , with emphasis on alzheimer's disease , as well as its limitations will be discussed in detail.
chronic hepatitis c virus infection ( c-hc ) is associated with higher mortality arising from hepatic and extrahepatic disease.
in this study , we have evaluated cdkn2 locus transcripts as alternative boas in c-hc.
our results suggest that c-hc induces non-cell-autonomous senescence and accelerates biological aging.
with the aging population , significant valvular heart disease is increasingly identified in patients too frail to undergo surgery.
transcatheter therapies for structural heart disease represent an alternative therapeutic approach for these patients.
during these procedures , direct visualization of the surgical field is replaced by image guidance for intraprocedural decision making.
this article describes the role of cross-sectional imaging for detailed assessment and preprocedural planning of aortic , mitral , and pulmonic valve interventions.
the human intestine is colonised by 10¹³ to 10¹⁴ micro-organisms , the vast majority of which belong to the phyla firmicutes and bacteroidetes.
recent studies have raised the question of whether non-viable probiotic strains can confer health benefits on the host by influencing the immune system.
although aging itself is not a disease , there are many comorbidities that become more common with aging.
heart disease , cancer , and other chronic illnesses are either more common or more severe in aging patients.
approximately @number@ million people in the united states have alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , with the principal risk factor being age.
it is estimated that the incidence of ad diagnosis doubles every @number@ years after the age of @number@
therefore , as the population ages , the impact of ad on the healthcare landscape will increase.
understanding how to manage patients with ad is critical as we begin to care for more elderly patients in the perioperative period.
there is growing interest to determine how anesthesia affects the development or progression of ad.
similarly , a best practice for the anesthetic management of patients with ad is not yet defined.
finally , the relationship between ad and susceptibility to or exacerbation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) is not well understood.
periods of immobilisation are often associated with pathologies and / or ageing.
these periods of muscle disuse induce muscle atrophy which could worsen the pathology or elderly frailty.
if muscle mass loss has positive effects in the short term , a sustained / uncontrolled muscle mass loss is deleterious for health.
muscle mass recovery following immobilisation-induced atrophy could be critical , particularly when it is uncompleted as observed during ageing.
exercise , the best way to recover muscle mass , is not always applicable.
so , other approaches such as nutritional strategies are needed to limit muscle wasting and to improve muscle mass recovery in such situations.
the present review discusses mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy following disuse and during recovery and emphasises the effect of age in these mechanisms.
the progress of the disease may be slowed if treatment is administered in accordance with current guidelines.
objectives : to compare the clinical profile of hf patients in a romanian general hospital over a 3-year period.
considering all patients , the left ventricle ejection fraction ( lvef ) was not statistically different in the two cohorts.
for females , the probability of having lvef < 45% was higher in @number@ ( odds ratio = @number@ ) .
ischemic heart disease was the main underlying cause for hf in both cohorts.
conclusion : hf appeared to have the same clinical profile over a 3-year period.
females diagnosed with hf showed higher rates of preserved lvef.
insulin is stored within the secretory granules of pancreatic β-cells , and impairment of its release is the hallmark of type @number@ diabetes.
preferential exocytosis of newly synthesized insulin suggests that granule aging is a key factor influencing insulin secretion.
exploitation of this approach may enable the identification of molecular signatures associated with granule aging and unravel possible alterations of granule turnover in diabetic β-cells.
furthermore , the method is of general interest for the study of membrane traffic and aging.
background and objectives : soluble klotho is an anti-aging phosphaturic protein associated with vascular-renal protection.
in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that renin-angiotensin system ( ras ) blockade increases soluble klotho levels.
the effect of ras blockers on soluble klotho in patients with diabetic kidney disease ( dkd ) is unknown.
aortic-pulse wave velocity by applanation tonometry and albuminuria ( from three timed urine collections ) were also measured at baseline and @number@ weeks.
background and objectives : systolic bp and large elastic artery stiffness both increase with age and are reduced by dietary sodium restriction.
these associations persisted during the normal- but not the low-sodium condition ( both p < 0.005 ) .
these may be the result of both gene mutations that lead to intrinsic perturbations and environmental changes that may stimulate signaling in the body.
these observations are consistent with experimental findings in the aged population , e.g. , elevated incidence of tumorigenesis and diminished resistance to oxidative stress.
background and purpose : visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure ( vbp ) is associated with ischemic stroke.
we sought to determine whether such variability has genetic causes and whether genetic variants associated with bp variability are also associated with ischemic stroke.
the strongest association was with rs976683 ( p = 1.4×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
conditional analysis of rs976683 provided no evidence of additional independent associations at the locus.
no evidence for association was found between rs976683 and bp variability in the additional ( scandinavian ) ascot participants ( p = 0.18 ) .
conclusions : we identified a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms at the nlgn1 locus showing significant association with bp variability.
follow-up analyses did not support an association with risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes.
objectives / hypothesis : to assess the influence of factors that can affect postural instability in vestibular neuritis ( vn ) .
study design : retrospective data collection study.
methods : foam posturography was performed in @number@ vn patients.
conclusions : vn patients show poor postural performance , which is affected by age , residual vestibular function , and disease duration.
level of evidence : 3b.
in-depth interviews with the older adults and written feedback and focus group discussions with the cms provided the data.
results : older adults reported a high rate of approval of pst procedures and acknowledged its positive treatment effect.
tele-pst participants were satisfied with videoconferenced sessions because they were convenient and allowed them to see their therapist.
however , cms reported that only about 10%-20% of potentially eligible older adults gave oral consent for pst.
significant treatment engagement barriers were the older adults ' lack of motivation , denial of depression , perceived stigma , and other personal attitudinal factors.
background : lung function successfully predicts subsequent health.
results : the fev1-ses patterns were clear ( p < 0.001 ) and constant over time.
the greatest attenuation of these results was seen by height , parental social class and smoking , especially among the under 65s.
second-hand smoke exposure and urban / rural residence had some impact among older groups.
adjusting for physical activity and weight had little effect generally.
similar patterns were seen for fvc and among never smokers.
conclusions : we found cross-sectional evidence that ses disparity in lung function increases with age , especially for men.
our findings indicate that early-life factors may predict inequity during younger adulthood , with environmental factors becoming more important at older ages.
however , navigation in a virtual maze relies on spatial or response strategies known to depend on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus , respectively.
importantly , individual differences showed that the older participants who used a spatial strategy to solve the task had significant activity in the hippocampus.
background : all antipsychotic medications carry warnings of increased mortality for older adults , but little is known about comparative mortality risks between individual agents.
aims : to estimate the comparative mortality risks of commonly prescribed antipsychotic agents in older people living in the community.
propensity score-adjusted cox proportional hazards models assessed the 180-day mortality risk of each antipsychotic compared with risperidone.
results : risperidone , olanzapine and haloperidol showed a dose-response relation in mortality risk.
our understanding of the biology of aging has advanced significantly in recent years.
ipf is a disease of aging that most commonly affects human subjects older than @number@ years of age.
in this review , we explore existing and emerging paradigms in the pathogenesis of ipf in light of the recently defined hallmarks of aging.
we attempted to clarify myocardial telomere dynamics using samples from @number@ autopsied patients using southern blot analysis.
overall regression analysis demonstrated yearly telomere reduction rate of @number@ base pairs in the myocardium.
there was a significant correlation between myocardial telomere and aging.
somatic cells change continuously during culture expansion-long-term culture evokes increasing cell size , declining differentiation potential , and ultimate cell cycle arrest upon senescence.
these changes are of particular relevance for cellular therapy which necessitates standardized products and reliable quality control.
recently , replicative senescence has been shown to be associated with highly reproducible epigenetic modifications.
our method provides an epigenetic biomarker to determine the state of senescence in cell preparations.
gene expression patterns change dramatically in aging and age-related events.
recently , numerous technological advantages have led to the evolution of dna microarrays and microarray-based techniques , revealing the genomic modification and all transcriptional activity.
here , we show the step-by-step methods currently used in our lab to handling the oligonucleotide microarray and mirna microarray.
life expectancy has always been associated to several determinants , such as environmental and genetic factors.
studies have related human lifespan as being 25-32 % due to genetic polymorphisms between individuals associated to longevity and aging.
nonetheless , no single gene will convey a phenotype like longevity.
aging is a process that occurs from changes in various levels of the cell , from genes to functions.
longevity is the ability to cope and repair the damage that results from these changes.
transgenic expression of catalase in mitochondria using a transgenic strategy extends life span and prevents aging-related pathology in mice.
however , transgenic overexpression is not suitable for a clinical application.
adeno-associated virus ( aav ) is the most promising gene delivery vehicle.
here we outline strategies on the generation of an aav vector expressing the mitochondria-targeted catalase gene ( av.rsv.mcat ) .
we also describe methods for evaluating physiological impact of av.rsv.mcat on muscle contractility and running performance in mice.
cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest , which has been shown to prevent neoplastic transformation.
oncogenes are pro-proliferative genes that promote survival and proliferation of cancer cells.
paradoxically , introduction of an activated oncogene leads to activation of a state similar to cellular senescence , which is referred to as oncogene-induced senescence.
studies have shown that oncogene-induced senescence function as a barrier to neoplastic transformation.
here , we describe a protocol for inducing cellular senescence by oncogenic ras in primary human fibroblast.
cellular senescence is the irreversible loss of proliferative potential and is accompanied by a number of phenotypic changes.
first described by hayflick and moorhead in @number@ it has since become a popular model to study cellular aging.
thus , the study of individual cells in mass culture is necessary in order to properly understand senescence and its associated phenotype.
cell sorting is a process that allows the physical separation of cells based on different characteristics which can be measured by flow cytometry.
caloric restriction ( cr ) has been extensively documented for its profound role in effectively extending maximum lifespan in many different species.
however , the accurate mechanisms , especially at the cellular level , for cr-induced aging delay are still under intense investigation.
this in vitro method allows investigation of the molecular mechanisms pertaining to how cr influences aging processes leading to life extension in human cellular systems.
it will provide important clinical implications for future preventive approaches for aging and aging-related degeneration diseases in humans.
cellular senescence plays important roles in the aging process of complex organisms , in response to stress and in tumor suppression.
several markers can be used to identify senescent cells , of which the most widely used is the senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sabg ) activity.
here we describe a procedure for digital image analysis of cells stained by the sabg staining technique at ph @number@ or at ph @number@
this analysis is highly reproducible and sensitive to subtle differences in staining intensities resulting from diverse cellular senescence pathways in culture.
it has been established that normal human diploid fibroblasts can proliferate in culture for only finite periods of time.
there are many ways to study aging in vitro.
in this chapter , we will discuss some of the basic laboratory procedures for cell senescence culturing methods.
background : pneumococcal urinary antigen test is a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis in adults.
its use in children is generally not accepted because of nonspecificity at this age.
it is frequently positive in asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers.
the aim of our study was to assess the age limit from which the test is no longer positive in asymptomatic healthy carriers.
methods : a total of @number@ children aged 36-83 months attending @number@ day care centers in prague were enrolled during february and @date@ .
nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from each participant and selectively cultivated.
the presence of pneumococcal antigen in urine was detected by binaxnow® s. pneumoniae kit.
the most frequently colonizing serotypes were : 19f , 23f , @number@ 19a , 6b and @number@
the antigen positivity was serotype-dependent and more frequent in nonvaccinated children.
conclusion : we demonstrated age-dependent linear decrease of pneumococcal antigen excretion into urine in healthy children.
the positivity rate of the test in children aged 72-83 months was similar to that referred in healthy adults , irrespective of colonization.
to confirm this age limit for use of this test in diagnostics of pneumococcal diseases , further study in school-age children is justified.
to overcome this issue , we aimed to establish adequate ex vivo expansion protocols and identify repair modulators of cellular senescence.
the senescence repair circuit of hypoxia-preconditioned senescent epcs ( hyp-old epcs ) was examined in an effort to enhance their regenerative potential.
in addition , the expanded cells are shown to be useful for therapeutic vasculogenesis.
context : growing evidence demonstrates that hyperparathyroidism is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
however , little is known about the relation between serum pth levels within the normal range and cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) .
objective : in this study the relationship of serum pth levels within the normal range with cvd and abdominal aortic calcifications was investigated.
conclusions : this study demonstrated that in older persons the presence of serum pth levels within the upper normal range is highly related to cvd.
in men , this association may partly be explained by calcifications of the abdominal aorta.
because cvd poses an important health risk , further elucidation of the role of serum pth in cvd and arteriosclerosis is relevant.
objective : measuring serum tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin a ( ttg iga ) levels is the most widely used screening test for coeliac disease.
however , given an increased prevalence of iga deficiency among coeliac patients there is a risk of false negative results.
hence , in addition to specific serum ttg iga , screening tests frequently include total iga levels.
results : the overall prevalence of iga deficiency was found to be very low with only @percent@ of individuals affected.
specifically , using this cut-off value , total iga deficiency could be excluded with a sensitivity of @number@ and specificity of @number@
conclusions : our data provide a simple means of avoiding unnecessary total iga measurements in the assessment of coeliac disease.
introduction : xeroderma pigmentosum ( xp ) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations resulting in defective repair of dna damage.
xp patients have a markedly increased risk of ultraviolet-induced neoplasms and premature aging of sun-exposed tissue.
approximately @percent@ of xp patients in the united states have neurologic abnormalities including progressive sensorineural hearing loss ( snhl ) .
methods : temporal bones were removed at autopsy and studied using light microscopy.
there was severe degeneration of scarpa's ganglion in the case with xpa.
conclusion : two cases of xp with neurologic degeneration are reported.
it is not clear if the neuronal degeneration in the inner ear was primary or secondary to loss of neuroepithelial cells.
oxidation of unsaturated lipids generates reactive aldehydes that accumulate in tissues during inflammation , ischemia , or aging.
our studies show that the reduction of carnosine-propanals is catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase ( ar ) .
in comparison with wt mice , the urinary excretion of carnosine-propanols was decreased in ar-null mice.
carnosine-propanals formed covalent adducts with nucleophilic amino acids leading to the generation of carnosinylated proteins.
perfusion with carnosine promoted post-ischemic functional recovery in wt but not in ar-null mouse hearts.
the cardiovascular effects of escitalopram were examined in a large group of participants in double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled studies.
escitalopram ( n = 3298 ) was administered at doses between @number@ and 20mg / day.
patients were treated in acute ( 8-12 weeks ) and long-term ( @number@ weeks ) studies.
in the short-term , there was a small , but statistically significant @number@ beats per minute decrease in heart rate with escitalopram compared with placebo.
the difference compared to placebo in systolic or diastolic bp was not clinically or statistically significant.
valid ecg assessments at both baseline and last assessment were available for @number@ escitalopram patients and @number@ placebo patients.
escitalopram-placebo differences in mean changes in ecg values were not clinically meaningful.
one out of @number@ escitalopram patients had a qtcf interval > 500 ms and a change from baseline > 60 ms.
analyses of data from long-term studies and studies of the elderly showed similar results.
few jurisdictions , however , offer a clear legislative basis for lar identification.
conclusions : findings underscore the need to clarify who may authorize an incapacitated adult's participation in research.
design : longitudinal data analysis.
setting : the veterans aging cohort study ( vacs ) , at eight va medical centers nationally.
participants : veterans aged @number@ and older enrolled in vacs from @number@ to @number@ ( n = @number@ ) .
social isolation was also more prevalent for hiv + ( @percent@ ) than uninfected participants ( @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
risk estimates calculated for hiv + and uninfected groups separately were not significantly different.
conclusion : social isolation is associated with greater risk of hospitalization and death in hiv + and uninfected older veterans.
participation restriction and a range of other variables were measured using self-report and performance measures.
regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with participation and change in participation.
overall , there was a significant deterioration in participation ( p < @number@ ) .
these variables explained @percent@ of the variance in participation at @number@ years.
conclusion : participation in life roles worsened over a 2-year period in some community-dwelling older men.
a number of associated factors were identified , which may provide targets for intervention to improve participation among older men.
design : u.s. population-based cross-sectional study.
setting : national health and nutrition examination surveys ( 2001-2002 ) .
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older ( n = @number@ ) .
mobility disability was operationalized as gait speed of < 0.8 m / s while completing a 20-foot walk ( @number@ m ) .
results : high crp and low 25 ( oh ) d levels were associated with slow gait speed.
a significant positive association between vitamin d level and gait speed was found only in those with high crp in stratified analyses.
whites and blacks showed similar findings as the overall population.
design : retrospective cohort study.
setting : hospitals participating in the american college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program.
participants : individuals undergoing nonemergent major general surgeries between @number@ and @number@ were studied ( n = @number@ ) .
results : postoperative mortality , overall morbidity , and each type of postoperative complication increased with increasing age.
rates of ftr after each type of postoperative complication also increased with age.
conclusion : thirty-day mortality and complication and ftr rates increase with age after nonemergent general surgeries.
individuals aged @number@ and older have especially high mortality after renal , cardiovascular , and pulmonary complications.
surgeons need to be more selective with advancing age regarding who will benefit from the surgical intervention.
molecular modeling studies were performed to acquire data about the binding modes of the inhibitors.
three sirtuin inhibitors were subjected to cellular studies , and all of them showed an increase in acetylation of lys382 of p53 after dna damage.
translational research is needed to leverage discoveries from the frontiers of genome science to improve public health.
so far , public health researchers have largely ignored genetic discoveries , and geneticists have ignored important aspects of population health science.
this mutual neglect should end.
we illustrate with examples from our own research on obesity and smoking.
we examined the association between telomere length and prenatal tobacco exposure ( pte ) in @number@ children aged @number@ to @number@ years.
salivary telomere length ( stl ) was determined from salivary dna using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
of the children , @percent@ had maternal reported pte.
mean stl was significantly lower among children with pte ( @number@ vs @number@ p < @number@ ) .
findings extend the literature demonstrating the negative long-term effects of pte to include a cellular marker of aging linked to multiple negative health outcomes.
child personality differentially related to midlife social relationships , well-being , and hardships.
conscientiousness and good social relationships predicted longer life , whereas subjective well-being was unrelated to mortality risk.
examining multiple life factors across long time periods uncovers important pathways through which personality relates to premature mortality or longevity.
typical stress-and-illness models are untenable and should be replaced with life span trajectory approaches.
objective : the maintenance of youthful skin appearance is strongly desired by a large proportion of the world's population.
adult ce cells lack regenerative potential , and the number of ce cells decreases throughout life.
histopathological changes in ce were further identified in paraffin tissue sections , whole-mount immunostaining , and scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.
background : glutathione s-transferase omega-1 and @number@ have a unique range of enzymatic activities , including the regeneration of ascorbate by their dehydroascorbate reductase activities.
there were no adverse events in either of the two groups throughout the whole experiment.
ngn decoction works on loh by acting on the axis.
background : it is well known that loss of muscle mass ( quantitative change ) is a major change that occurs with aging.
qualitative changes in skeletal muscle , such as increased intramuscular fat , also occur as one ages.
enhanced echo intensity ( ei ) on ultrasonography images of skeletal muscle is believed to reflect muscle quality.
methods : a total of @number@ elderly men ( 65-91 years ) living independently in kyoto , japan , participated in this study.
the maximum isometric torque of knee extension at a knee angle of 90° was measured.
results : the ei showed a significant negative correlation with muscle strength ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
multivariate regression analysis revealed that the mt and ei of the knee extensor muscle were independently associated with maximum isometric knee extension strength.
conclusion : the results of this study indicate that aging-related changes in muscle quality contribute to diminishing muscle strength.
ultrasonography is a low-cost , easily accessible , and safe method suitable for the assessment of ei as an index of muscle quality.
research suggests that there is a strong relationship between knee pain and loss of physical function.
design : prospective case series.
knee osteoarthritis outcome scores were used to quantify knee pain and functional status between walking sessions.
the order of testing was randomized , with sessions occurring a minimum of @number@ week apart.
these results could have important implications for the development of future treatment strategies used in the management of at-risk patients with progressive knee oa.
this study investigated how age and high-frequency audibility affect this incongruency advantage ( ia ) effect.
experiment @number@ tested @number@ ynh on the same sound-scene pairings lowpass-filtered at @number@ khz ( ynh-4k ) .
ffa concentration was measured in duplicate by the wako enzymatic method.
incident hf was validated by a centralized events committee.
we used cox proportional hazards to estimate the hazard ratio of hf per sd of ffas.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years , a total of @number@ new cases of hf occurred.
conclusions : a single measure of plasma ffa obtained later in life is associated with a higher risk of hf in older adults.
aging is associated with attenuated thermoregulatory function that varies regionally over the body.
decrements in vasodilation and sweating are well documented with age , yet limited data are available concerning the regional relation between these responses.
rsr and skbf were measured over each microdialysis membrane using ventilated capsules and laser-doppler flowmetry.
maximal skbf was measured at the end of both protocols ( @number@ mm snp ) .
regional sweating thresholds and rsr were attenuated in aged vs. young at all sites ( p < @number@ ) during whole body heating.
vasodilation thresholds were similar between groups ( p > @number@ ) .
during ach perfusion , skbf ( p = @number@ ) and rsr were similar between groups ( p = @number@ ) .
together these findings suggest regional age-related decrements in heat-activated sweat gland function but not cholinergic sensitivity.
background : low muscle strength is central to geriatric syndromes including sarcopenia and frailty.
objective : to describe grip strength of older people in rehabilitation and nursing home settings.
design : cross-sectional epidemiological study.
setting : three healthcare settings in one town.
subjects : hundred and one inpatients on a rehabilitation ward , @number@ community rehabilitation referrals and @number@ nursing home residents.
results : grip strength differed substantially between healthcare settings for both men and women ( p < @number@ ) .
nursing home residents had the lowest age-adjusted mean grip strength and community rehabilitation referrals the highest.
however , after mutual adjustment for these factors , the difference in grip strength between settings remained significant.
the barthel score was the characteristic most strongly associated with grip strength.
conclusions : older people in rehabilitation and care home settings had lower grip strength than reported for those living at home.
furthermore grip strength varied widely between healthcare settings independent of known major influences.
further research is required to ascertain whether grip strength may help identify people at risk of adverse health outcomes within these settings.
regulatory interactions between the dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems have recently been described in the substantia nigra and striatum.
in animal models , dopamine depletion induces compensatory overactivation of the local renin-angiotensin system , which primes microglial responses and neuron vulnerability by activating nadph-oxidase.
we suggest that manipulating brain angiotensin may constitute an effective neuroprotective strategy for parkinson's disease.
methods : we examined @number@ participants , 65-84 years old , enrolled in the israel diabetes and cognitive decline study.
results : higher education and younger age were consistently associated with better performance.
women outperformed men on all memory tasks ; men outperformed women on two non-verbal measures.
these patterns of demographic associations with cognitive performance were very similar to those of us cohorts.
although t2d is associated with cognitive deficits , it recapitulates the patterns of relationships between cognitive performance and demographic characteristics seen in non-t2d diabetic samples.
although essential tremor ( et ) is among the most prevalent neurological diseases , its precise pathogenesis is not understood.
purkinje cell loss has been observed in some studies and is the focus of interest and debate.
expressing these data as purkinje cells / layer length allows one to adjust for the inherent curved nature of the cerebellar folia.
capitalizing on the essential tremor centralized brain repository , we quantified purkinje cell linear density in cases versus controls.
purkinje cell linear density was inversely associated with torpedo count ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the current sample of et cases demonstrates a reduction in purkinje cell number relative to that of controls.
greater purkinje cell axonal remodeling ( torpedoes ) was found in individuals who had the most purkinje cell drop out.
the role of purkinje cell loss in the pathogenesis of this disorder merits additional study.
the study examined racial / ethnic differences in the association between symptoms of depression and self-rated mental health among older adults.
the association between symptoms of depression and self-rated mental health was weaker among minority groups than that among non-hispanic whites.
in general older adults , even the oldest old are community dwelling and vital.
however , vulnerability can silently or suddenly exist.
multidisciplinary assessment of health problems and disabilities is necessary to compose a comprehensive intervention program.
in the netherlands , a team specialised in elderly care accomplishes home-based assessments.
in @number@ we conducted a case study aiming to describe the characteristics of the patients and the reasons for consultation.
a total of @number@ records were analysed.
@percent@ of the clients were @number@ years or older , @percent@ were living independently and @percent@ were residents in homes for elderly people.
the majority of clients was female and living alone ( widowed ) .
most clients had multiple issues and were referred for cognitive evaluation.
during the process of assessment many underlying behavioural , emotional and social problems became manifest.
these findings support that symptoms and complaints of frail elderly are complex.
a systematic multidisciplinary approach enhances the dialogue with patients and caregivers to discuss their needs and their attitude towards care.
more research , however , is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention.
longevity and healthy aging are among the most complex phenotypes studied to date.
the heritability of age at death in adulthood is approximately @number@ %.
studies of exceptionally long-lived individuals show that heritability is greatest at the oldest ages.
linkage studies of exceptionally long-lived families now support a longevity locus on chromosome @number@ other putative longevity loci differ between studies.
candidate gene studies have identified variants at apoe and foxo3a associated with longevity ; other genes show inconsistent results.
the impact of these snps , which may exert joint effects , may be obscured by gene-environment interactions or inter-ethnic differences.
such protective factors may ' buffer ' the effects of specific risk alleles.
rare alleles are also likely to contribute to healthy aging and longevity.
epigenetics is quickly emerging as a critical aspect of aging and longevity.
centenarians delay age-related methylation changes , and they can pass this methylation preservation ability on to their offspring.
non-genetic factors , particularly lifestyle , clearly affect the development of age-related diseases and affect health and lifespan in the general population.
in dyadic interviews , two participants interact in response to open-ended research questions.
there are few precedents for using dyadic interviews as a technique for qualitative research.
we introduce this method largely in comparison to focus groups , because both represent forms of interactive interviewing.
we do not , however , view dyadic interviews as miniature focus groups , and treat them as generating their own opportunities and issues.
to illustrate the nature of dyadic interviewing , we present summaries of three studies using this method.
in the first study , we used dyadic interviews and photovoice techniques to examine experiences of people with early-stage dementia.
in the second study , we explored the experiences of staff who provided services to elderly housing residents.
in the third study , we examined barriers and facilitators to substance abuse treatment among asian americans and pacific islanders in hawaii.
we conclude with a discussion of directions for future research using dyadic interviews.
however , no data exist concerning the importance of tregs for a successful outcome following assisted reproduction technologies.
age control blood samples were collected from @number@ neonates and @number@ healthy female volunteers.
the study was performed between @date@ and @date@ .
the blood samples were collected within @number@ h before the embryo transfer and analyzed by six-color flow cytometry.
women who did not achieve a pregnancy with ivf / icsi were older than those who did ( p < @number@ ) .
therefore , their determination would not allow us to predict the ivf / icsi outcome with sufficient specificity and sensitivity.
all authors declare to have no conflict of interest.
in addition , vasorelaxation experiments were performed using 10-week- and 24-month-old thoracic aortic ring segments in organ chamber baths.
the media thickness of the thoracic aorta progressively increased with age , associated with hypertrophy of vascular smcs.
if theory of mind is lost , awareness of one's desire and intention becomes vague , and toilet activities begin to collapse.
furthermore , if incentive disappears , one's intention hardly arises and toilet activities further collapse.
if self-evaluation is lost , time sense fades , future goals based on the present time cannot exist , and behavior loses directivity.
as a result , toilet activities collapse , and with a decrease in drive toilet activities cease.
to this area the author groups provided some initial efforts.
the considerations emphasize the many important relationships ahead for possible future studies with many other fields.
especially with genome alterations and proteonomics.
dhf occurs mainly when an individual who has acquired antibodies to one serotype is inoculated with another serotype.
tetravalent dengue vaccine is currently being tested in clinical trials.
however , seroconversions to all four serotypes were achieved only after three doses.
therefore , vaccines may predispose vaccinees to the risk of developing dhf in future infections.
this study employed an individual-based computer simulation , to emulate mosquito control and vaccination , incorporating seroconversion rates reported from actual clinical trials.
it was found that mosquito control alone would have increased incidence of df and dhf in areas of high mosquito density.
dhf cases attributable to vaccine-derived enhancement were fewer than dhf cases prevented by a vaccine with considerably high ( although not perfect ) seroconversion rates.
these predictions may justify vaccination programmes , at least in areas of high mosquito abundance.
in such areas , mosquito control programmes should be conducted only after the vaccination programme with a high coverage has been initiated.
increasing evidence suggest that phospholipase c γ plays a key role in cell migration and invasion.
because of its role in cell growth and invasion , aberrant phospholipase c γ signalling can contribute to carcinogenesis.
indeed , isoform specificity and toxicity represents a big hurdle in the development of phospholipase c γ small molecule inhibitors.
we validated seven chronic disease ascertainment algorithms for use in the canadian longitudinal study on aging.
our target recruitment was @number@ cases and controls per disease ; some cases were controls for unrelated diseases.
participants completed interviewer-administered disease symptom and medication use questionnaires.
diabetes cases and controls underwent fasting glucose testing ; cao cases and controls underwent spirometry testing.
for each disease , the appropriate algorithm was used to classify participants ' disease status ( positive or negative for disease ) .
we also calculated sensitivity and specificity using physician diagnosis as the reference standard.
the final sample involved @number@ participants recruited in three canadian cities between @number@ and @number@
most estimated sensitivities and specificities were @number@ per cent or more , indicating that the seven algorithms correctly identified individuals with the target disease.
results : results showed that exercise did not alter cognitive control.
the benefit on reaction time performance was evident for both age groups and persisted after cessation for 15-20 min.
distributional analyses showed that younger people have a higher propensity to commit impulsive errors during exercise , which was not evident in older adults.
older adults adopted more cautious strategies , especially when the risk to commit an error was elevated.
adequate hand hygiene compliance by healthcare staff is considered an effective method to reduce hospital-acquired infections.
the electronic system developed at toronto rehabilitation institute automatically detects hand hygiene opportunities and records hand hygiene actions.
the system was installed on a complex continuous care unit at the entrance to @number@ patient rooms and a utility room.
a total of @number@ alcohol gel and soap dispensers were instrumented and @number@ nurses were provided with the personal wearable electronic monitors.
data collection was performed automatically during all of the three phases.
to increase the efficacy of the technology , its use was supplemented with individual performance reviews of the automatically collected data.
oxidative stress due to the over-production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) is associated with human skin aging.
this study was designed to identify the bioactive phenolics in detoxified rhus verniciflua stokes ( drvs ) that may protect human skin against oxidative stress.
the results suggest that a drvs extract may be effective in slowing skin aging through its antioxidative properties and by down-regulating mmp-1 expression.
further studies are needed to examine whether this effect would be mediated by the phenolics identified in this study.
it was suggested that glucose metabolism and body fat content depend on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25 ( oh ) d ] .
25 ( он ) d levels were from @number@ to @number@ nmol / l ( mean @number@.9±22.7 ) .
our results showed that vitamin d insufficiency is highly prevalent in the population of healthy women.
low 25 ( oh ) d levels correlated with high body fat , glucose levels and decreased insulin sensitivity.
we conclude that vitamin d deficiency is a potential risk factor for obesity and development of insulin resistance leading to diabetes type @number@
black soy peptides have been shown to possess properties that may decrease blood pressure ( bp ) .
participants were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting supplement containing @number@ g black soy peptides daily or a placebo group for @number@ weeks.
sbp and dbp decreased after 8-week black soy peptide supplementation versus controls ( p < 0.001 ) .
changes in sbp negatively correlated with changes in no ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
black soy peptide dietary supplementation significantly reduces sbp and oxidative stress in patients with prehypertension and stage i hypertension.
calorie restriction ( cr ) without malnutrition slows aging and increases average and maximal lifespan in simple model organisms and rodents.
in rhesus monkeys long-term cr reduces the incidence of type @number@ diabetes , cardiovascular disease and cancer , and protects against age-associated sarcopenia and neurodegeneration.
however , so far cr significantly increased average lifespan only in the wisconsin , but not in the nia monkey study.
differences in diet composition and study design between the @number@ on-going trials may explain the discrepancies in survival and disease.
moreover , cr in human beings improves markers of cardiovascular aging , and rejuvenates the skeletal muscle transcriptional profile.
more than half of the elderly in today's society suffer from sleep disorders with detrimental effects on brain function , behavior , and social life.
a major contribution to the regulation of sleep stems from the circadian system.
the central circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is like other brain regions subject to age-associated changes.
age affects different levels of the clock machinery from molecular rhythms , intracellular messenger , and membrane properties to neuronal network synchronization.
the distortion in temporal organization is thought to be related to a number of serious health problems and promote neurodegeneration.
questionnaires were obtained and standardized photographs were taken by professional photographers.
lower lid hyperpigmentation in the smoking group fell just short of statistical significance.
it also demonstrates that a 5-year difference in smoking history can cause noticeable differences in facial aging in twins.
clinical question / level of evidence : risk , ii.
objectives : emerging data suggest that hiv disease and its treatment affect the aging process.
accurate and reliable measures of functional status are needed to investigate this further.
design : a pilot study in groups of younger and older hiv-infected adults using objective measures of function.
methods : evaluations included neuropsychological testing , grip strength , balance assessed by the wii balance board , and actigraphy.
surveys were used for depression , fatigue , loneliness , self-reported activity level , and sexual function.
two-samplet test or wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for continuous variables and exact chi-square tests were used for comparison between groups.
there was no difference between groups for depression , fatigue , or loneliness.
functioning in the memory domain was significantly lower in older subjects ( p = @number@ ) .
there was no difference in executive function , speed of processing , memory , motor skills , or total activity.
gender differences in sexual function were observed.
four older and @number@ younger participants met the definition of frailty.
total activity by actigraphy did not correlate well with self-reported activity.
conclusions : objective tests were well accepted and feasible to perform , although not all are suitable for widespread clinical or research use.
objective measurements of activity did not correlate well with patient self-report , which has implications for future studies in this area.
majority of arc patients ( @number@ patients ( @number@ % ) ) were managed in non-icu settings.
investigation of medical patients ' status relevant to this phenomenon needs to be continued.
background : few studies have investigated the impact of urinary incontinence ( ui ) on health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) among cancer survivors.
ui is prevalent in the general population and can be both an indicator of cancer and a side effect of cancer treatment.
ui and cancer diagnoses have been associated with decreases in hrqol.
this study evaluates the prevalence of ui and the impact on hrqol among older cancer survivors.
factors associated with ui were investigated using logistic regression and the impact of ui on sf-36 scores was determined using linear regression.
history of bladder , breast , endometrial / uterine , or prostate cancer was associated with higher prevalence of ui.
a suggested decreasing trend in the prevalence of ui was associated with a longer time since cancer diagnosis.
conclusions : ui was highly prevalent , especially in bladder , endometrial / uterine , and prostate cancer survivors.
improved recognition of ui risk among cancer survivors will help clinicians better anticipate and mediate the effect of ui on individuals ' hrqol.
background : higher physical activity ( pa ) levels are known to be associated with lower risk of death.
methods : a population-based cohort of @number@ men @number@ to @number@ years of age was followed from @date@ to @date@ .
a total of @number@ men died.
pa was assessed through a self-administrated questionnaire.
results : overall , the 10th survival percentile was @number@ years , that is , @percent@ of the cohort lived longer than @number@ years.
we found a strong evidence of non-linearity between tpa and the 10th survival percentile ( p-value < @number@ ) .
above the median tpa additional activity was not significantly associated with better survival.
a growing body of research suggests that meditation practices are associated with substantial psychological as well as physiological benefits.
surprisingly , there are only three published studies that have addressed the question of whether meditation diminishes age-related brain degeneration.
this paper reviews these three studies with respect to the brain attributes studied , the analytical strategies applied , and the findings revealed.
neurodegenerative diseases pose a significant problem for the healthcare system , doctors , and patients.
with an aging population , more and more individuals are developing neurodegenerative diseases and there are few treatment options at the present time.
there is increasing research evidence to support the application of meditation techniques to help improve cognition and memory in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
this article describes the effect of ethnicity , gender , aging , and instrumentation on wideband acoustic immittance ( wai ) .
this is an important topic to investigate as the goal of any audiological test is optimize the test's sensitivity and specificity.
one way to improve the test's sensitivity and specificity is to reduce the variability of the normative data.
the differences observed between school-aged children and adults could also potentially impact clinical decision analysis.
therefore , use of age-specific norm is recommended.
animal models have demonstrated that so called enriched environments protect against neurodegenerative diseases , such as dementia.
the aim was to investigate the impact of enriched environment at work on the incidence of dementia.
adjustment for various confounders did not alter the association.
the cognitive stimulation indices were only significant in univariate analysis.
the novelty-index remained non-significant.
conclusions : the results suggest that occupational contexts enriched with independent planning / performance of work tasks might decrease the risk of developing dementia.
fifty-one participants witnessed an unexpected live event , and @number@ hours later were interviewed using one of three aforementioned techniques.
as such , this procedure offers an effective alternative to current approaches , adding to the toolbox of techniques available to forensic and other interviewers.
online social media is widespread , easily accessible and attracts a global audience with a widening demographic.
online health information has the potential to significantly impact public health , especially as the population gets older and the prevalence of dementia increases.
however , little is known about how information pertaining to age-associated diseases is disseminated on popular social media platforms.
we data-mined the microblogging platform twitter for content containing dementia-related keywords for a period of @number@ hours and retrieved over @number@ tweets.
as well , a large number of tweets discussed recent research findings related to the prediction and risk management of alzheimer's disease.
proinflammatory cytokines secreted from microglia are known to induce a secondary immune response in astrocytes leading to an inflammatory loop.
cytokines also interfere with neurogenesis during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.
the present study examined the mechanism of induction of inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level in human differentiated neuroprogenitor cells ( npcs ) .
network motif ( nm ) analysis of these genes revealed @number@ three-node nms , suggesting complex interactions between inflammatory mediators and transcription factors.
immunofluorescent staining showed increases in the levels of il-8 and cxcl10 proteins in neurons and glial cells.
nuclear localization of these transcription factors in differentiated npcs was observed following exposure to il-1α and tnf-α.
the synergy between these cytokines was lost when isre or kb elements in cxcl10 promoter were mutated.
age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the most common reason of visual impairment in the elderly in the western countries.
the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells ( rpe ) causes secondarily adverse effects on neural retina leading to visual loss.
the aging characteristics of the rpe involve lysosomal accumulation of lipofuscin and extracellular protein aggregates called \ "drusen \ ".
molecular mechanisms behind protein aggregations are weakly understood.
there is intriguing evidence suggesting that protein sqstm1 / p62 , together with autophagy , has a role in the pathology of different degenerative diseases.
furthermore , we observed that proteasomal inhibition caused accumulation of sqstm1 / p62 bound irreversibly to perinuclear protein aggregates.
angiogenesis of the microvasculature is central to the etiology of many diseases including proliferative retinopathy , age-related macular degeneration and cancer.
vascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro are widely used , however , isolating pure vascular murine endothelial cells is technically challenging.
a microvascular mouse explant model that is robust , quantitative and can be reproduced without difficulty would overcome these limitations.
the choroidal tissues from c57bl / 6j and 129s6 / svevtac mice and sprague dawley rats were isolated and incubated in matrigel.
vascular sprouting was comparable between choroid samples obtained from different animals of the same genetic background.
the sprouting area , normalized to controls , was highly reproducible between independent experiments.
we developed a semi-automated macro in imagej software to allow for more efficient quantification of sprouting area.
materials and methods : the t2 and adc values were recorded from @number@ ivds of @number@ volunteers.
kendall's correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between age and t2 / adc mean values respectively.
this study was approved by the ethics committee of the chinese academy of medical sciences and the peking union medical college hospital.
results : significant negative correlation was observed between age and t2 / adc mean values.
conclusions : adc values may be a more sensitive parameter than t2 in assessing age and disc level related intervertebral disc changes.
the traditional tug was conducted while subjects wore a body-fixed sensor.
we derived measures of overall tug performance and different subtasks including transitions ( sit-to-stand , stand-to-sit ) , walking , and turning.
conclusions : a single body-worn sensor can be employed in the community-setting to complement conventional gait testing.
it provides a wide range of quantitative gait measures that appear to help to identify subclinical gait impairments in older adults.
purpose : recent studies have suggested that adiponectin ( apn ) is associated with several retinal diseases.
the t1dm model was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.
to locate the adipors in the retina , immunofluorescence was performed.
the mrna and the protein of adipors in the retina were detected with qrt-pcr and western blotting , respectively.
results : apn , adipor1 , and adipor2 were identified in the neural retina and in the rpe-choroid of humans and mice.
compared to the control group , apn and adipor1 expression in the retina was elevated in the t1dm group , but adipor2 expression remained unchanged.
in contrast , adipor2 appears to play a minor role in this pathological process.
method : we used a cross-sectional and prospective cohort design to study @number@ caregiver-patient dyads in a home-based primary care program.
patients whose caregivers experienced the highest burden were more likely to be non-white males without 24-hr paid homecare.
there were no significant independent associations between high burden and high calls , high visits , or social work involvement.
discussion : in this medically complex and highly dependent population , further study of how families and other caregivers impact health care utilization is needed.
purpose : the purpose of this study was to assess the long-term functional status and quality of life of older individuals with functional mobility impairment.
design : a prospective longitudinal study was conducted.
methods : the study sample consisted of elderly patients who had been admitted to a rehabilitation facility in hamburg , germany.
data were collected from @date@ to @date@ in the rehabilitation center and the living environment of the participants after discharge.
quality of life was assessed using the who quality of life-bref ; activities of daily living were measured using the barthel-index ( bi ) .
men showed a better functional status over time ( p = @number@ ) than women.
higher quality of life scores were associated with higher mmse ( p = @number@ ) and self-efficacy scores ( p = @number@ ) at admission.
clinical relevance : special interventions should address physical quality of life and physical functioning.
gender differences should be considered in planning and implementing programs.
background : combination laser treatments can potentially increase the effectiveness of treatment without the additional downtime associated with another procedure.
objective : to assess the effectiveness and safety of combining non-ablative fractional treatments with optimized intense pulsed light.
twenty-six subjects ( group b ) received only full face treatments with the same non-ablative , fractional laser device.
the average pigment improvement score was @number@ ± @number@ on a 4-point scale.
the average pigment improvement score was @number@ ± @number@ ( p < @number@ t-test , n = @number@ ) .
adverse events were similar in the two groups.
conclusion : the combination of an optimized intense pulsed light source with a non-ablative fractional laser during the same treatment session is safe and effective.
the high prevalence of this condition and multiple etiology factors makes of its treatment a challenge-especially in the older population.
a major concern over oab treatment of elderly patients is the risk of cognitive side effects due to the pharmacologic treatment with anticholinergic drugs.
it consists of actions to teach patients to improve and learn bladder control.
lifestyle modifications are a conjunct of daily activities that can be managed to have the lowest interference on the functioning of the urinary tract.
pharmacologic therapy : there are various medications with antimuscarinic properties available for the treatment of oab symptoms.
the most commonly used are oxybutinin , tolterodine , solifenacin , darifenacin , fesosterodine and trospium.
managing oab symptoms in this population is a great challenge.
an optimal therapeutic approach to treat should involve medical treatment with drug and behavioral therapy in addition to lifestyle advice.
at-ich is associated with a risk of ongoing bleeding , death , or disability.
we report a rare case of contralateral delayed hematoma in the context of caa secondary to acute ich after at for intracerebral ischemic stroke.
the blood-brain barrier ( bbb ) plays critical roles in the maintenance of central nervous system ( cns ) homeostasis.
dysfunction of the bbb occurs in a number of cns diseases , including alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
in this review , the participation of the bbb in the amyloid cascade and in other mechanisms of ad neurodegeneration will be discussed.
we will specifically focus on three aspects of bbb dysfunction : disruption , perturbation of transporters , and secretion of neurotoxic substances by the bbb.
additionally , endothelial progenitor cell ( epc ) counts , which are partially no-dependent , were evaluated.
markers of severity of ttc attacks directly correlated with no responsiveness , while extent of recovery at @number@ months varied inversely with adma concentrations.
conclusion : ttc is associated with intensification of no signaling relative to that in normal age-matched females.
our data are consistent with this intensified signal's potential contribution to the extent of initial myocardial injury , but conversely to accelerated recovery.
patients and methods : this was a multicenter , retrospective , cross-sectional study and medical records of @number@ eyes were reviewed.
the orbscan® ( bausch and lomb ) procedure was used for pachymetry and keratometry.
refractive state , age and ocular side demonstrated an independent , statistically significant impact on ∆pachyz-pachyd and vector length pachyd.
background : because of changing world demographics , the elderly population is steadily increasing.
few studies have assessed the prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in elderly persons with objective measures.
in 2001-2002 the same subjects were invited for a follow-up examination ( sapaldia @number@ ) .
atopy was defined as a positive result in the phadiatop test according to guidelines by the manufacturer.
phadiatop results were available for @number@ participants ( men = @number@ , 839 / women = @number@ ) .
both rhinitis and asthma prevalences were higher in persons < 60 years.
device-detected steps were compared with manually counted steps.
we found no significant differences among monitors for those who walked without aids ( p = @number@ ) .
these results support using a piezoelectric pedometer for measuring steps in older adults who use walking aids and who walk slowly.
longissimus thoracis et lumborum ( ltl ) sections were vacuum packaged and aged for @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days.
meat shear force , and color and lipid stability were evaluated at @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ days of simulated retail display.
this study investigated the effect of pilates exercise on physical fall risk factors @number@ months after an initial 5-week pilates intervention.
balance and leg strength were compared using a 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.
balance improvements after a short pilates intervention were maintained @number@ year later in all participants , with increased benefits from ongoing participation.
objective : to examine and describe regional variation in outcomes for persons with stroke receiving inpatient medical rehabilitation.
design : retrospective cohort design.
setting : inpatient rehabilitation units and facilities contributing to the uniform data system for medical rehabilitation from the united states.
participants : patients ( n = 143 , 036 ) with stroke discharged from inpatient rehabilitation during @number@ and @number@
interventions : not applicable.
results : approximately @percent@ of the sample was discharged to the community.
conclusions : rehabilitation outcomes for persons with stroke varied across cms regions.
substantial variation in discharge destination and los remained after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.
design , setting , and participants : cross-sectional study using data of @number@ frail or prefrail dutch elderly , aged @number@ years or older.
frailty was defined according to the criteria of fried and colleagues.
a participant was classified prefrail when @number@ to @number@ criteria were met ; frailty was classified as the presence of @number@ or more criteria.
the possible association of vitamin d with depression and global cognitive performance was explored by poisson regression.
fpg did not modify or mediate these associations.
vitamin d intake was not associated with cognitive performance , glucose metabolism , or depression.
whether these associations are causal is yet to be demonstrated.
the role of the insula in these processes may be fundamentally related to prospective thinking , a trait that increases with age.
there is evidence that insular cortical thickness shows age related decreases that parallel age related increases in future orientation and planning.
we tested the hypothesis that nonplanning decreases with age and that insula thickness is related to both age and nonplanning impulsivity.
the international residential assessment instrument ( interrai ) has been adopted for phased national implementation in new zealand.
it targets people over @number@ years who require needs assessment for access to long term publicly funded services.
there is limited research on the barriers to adoption for interrai electronic assessment tools , and none relating to the new zealand health sector.
analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.
addressing these barriers to adoption is therefore vital.
this study determined limits to describe the effect of light level on normal , age-related changes in monocular and binocular functional contrast sensitivity.
methods : we recruited @number@ participants aged @number@ to @number@ years.
pupil size was measured continuously.
the health of the retina index ( hrindex ) was computed to capture the loss of contrast sensitivity with decreasing light level.
participants were excluded if they exhibited performance outside the normal limits of interocular differences or hrindex values , or signs of ocular disease.
results : parafoveal contrast thresholds showed a steeper decline and higher correlation with age at the parafovea than the fovea.
of participants with clinical signs of ocular disease , @percent@ had hrindex values outside the normal limits.
binocular summation of contrast signals declined with age , independent of interocular differences.
the hrindex and interocular differences could be used to screen for and separate the earliest stages of subclinical disease from changes caused by normal aging.
collectively @percent@ of familial and 3-5% of sporadic form of pd are associated with genetic mutation.
compelling evidence implicates that in addition to inherited factors , acquired co-morbidities contribute to pd pathology.
thus this article will present speculative arguments of a genetic component contributing to this tbi and pd pathological overlap.
nursing homes have become complex care environments where residents have significant needs and most have age-related dementia.
building on research by hirdes et al.
residents were chiefly over age @number@ female , and with an age-related dementia.
we compared facility support and related services and resident characteristics by province , owner-operator model , and number of facility units.
we observed differences in support and related services by both unit count and province.
we also found that public facilities tend to care for residents with more demanding characteristics : notably cognitive impairment , aggressive behaviours , and incontinence.
no clear trends associating the number of units in a facility with resident characteristics were observed.
background : social isolation may operate as a psychosocial stressor which disrupts functioning of the axis.
models were adjusted for sex , smoking , body mass index , alcohol intake , psychological distress and financial difficulties.
those newly living alone also had a higher night time cortisol and flatter diurnal slope than those living with others.
the neural organization of cognitive processes , particularly hemispheric lateralization , changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
differences in the neural basis of relational memory between children and adults are not well characterized.
the tp task was paired with an elemental control task , which does not depend upon the hippocampus.
however , many aspects related to mtdna methylation are still unclear.
background and purpose : exposure to vascular risk factors has a gradual deleterious effect on brain mri and cognitive measures.
we explored whether a pattern of these measures exists that predicts stroke and alzheimer disease ( ad ) risk.
we related cognitive and mri measures to risks of incident stroke and ad ≤10 years of follow-up.
results : a total of @number@ offspring participants sustained strokes and @number@ developed ad.
a stepwise increase in stroke risk was apparent with increasing numbers of these cognitive and imaging markers.
the effect of age , sex , ethnicity , and diabetes status on sif420 [ kx0.5 , km0.5 ] was analyzed.
sif420 [ kx0.5 , km0.5 ] was higher in girls than boys in patients with diabetes patients.
however , there was no effect of sex or race on sif420 [ kx0.5 , km0.5 ] in subjects without diabetes.
potentially , this technology identifies children who are at increased risk for complications.
such variability is likely caused by ethnic differences between the populations studied.
telomere length was determined using the southern blot telomeric restriction fragment assay ( trf ) .
methods : a prospective study with @number@ years of follow-up in @number@ patients aged 60- @number@ was conducted from @date@ to @date@ .
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was utilized to evaluate bone mineral density ( bmd ) .
cox proportional hazards models were used to detect the association between ad and the risk of osteoporosis.
in osteoporosis fracture group , osteoporosis with ad was more common than osteoporosis with normal cognition function.
conclusions : ad was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in the elderly cohort of chongqing , china.
methods : more than @number@ older persons underwent annual evaluation as part of participation in the religious orders study or rush memory aging project.
a total of @number@ subjects who had brain autopsy and comprehensive cognitive testing proximate to death were analyzed.
studentized residuals generated from the model represented the discordance between cognition and pathology , and served as measure of resilience.
the relation of resilience index to known risk factors for ad and related variables was examined.
substantial evidence indicates that disrupted neuronal calcium homeostasis is an early event in ad that could mediate synaptic dysfunction and neuronal toxicity.
here , we show that elevated calpain , but not caspase-3 , activity is a prominent feature of ad brain.
moreover , the extent of ncx3 proteolysis correlated significantly with amounts of aβ1-42.
previous studies have shown that a yellow filter ( cpf450 ) can increase contrast , motion sensitivity , vergence , and accommodation.
we investigated whether a yellow filter can reduce age-related visual deficits.
we tested two groups of @number@ observers ( mean age @number@ vs. @number@ ) in an object categorization task.
there were three filter conditions ( no filter , placebo filter , and yellow filter ) .
both groups of observers performed similarly on central and medium-contrast pictures.
the deleterious effects of reduced contrast and eccentricity were stronger in elderly individuals.
moreover , the yellow filter globally improved the speed of categorization for the elderly participants.
the decrease in response time in the yellow filter condition was larger when the stimuli were displayed peripherally in both groups.
a yellow filter should be considered as a potential means for visual improvement in normal aging.
aim : this paper is a report of an analysis of the concept resilient ageing.
unique in comparison with other healthy ageing concepts , resilient ageing can be applied to all older people , regardless of age or affliction.
data sources : literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from several databases , cinahl , pubmed psycinfo , for the years 1990-2012.
design : rodgers's evolutionary method of concept analysis was used because of its applicability to concepts that are still evolving.
results : the antecedents , defining attributes , and consequence of resilient ageing were identified.
antecedents to resilient ageing were found to be adversity and protective factors , while the core attributes include coping , hardiness and self-concept.
the consequence of the process of resilient ageing was optimal quality of life.
sense of coherence was found to be the surrogate term.
the results obtained were further substantiated using antonovsky's ( @number@ ) theory of salutogenesis.
conclusion : a theoretical definition and a model of resilient ageing were developed.
in addition , a discussion was provided on the practice , policy and research implications for promoting the development of protective factors and resilient ageing.
background : accidental falls in the elderly are a major health problem , despite extensive research on risk factors and prevention.
only a limited number of multifactorial , long-term prospective studies have been performed on risk factors for falls in the general elderly population.
methods : the prevalence of @number@ risk factors was recorded at a baseline assessment of @number@ subjects ( aged 60-93 years ) .
the incidence of one or more falls was recorded after three and six years.
the use of neuroleptic drugs was also a prominent individual risk factor , although the prevalence was low.
the findings of this study may be valuable in the development of intervention programmes aimed at sustainable , long-term reduction of falls in the elderly.
results : eighteen out of @number@ potentially eligible studies met our inclusion criteria , with most studies focusing on psychiatric inpatient samples.
the overall prevalence of late-life mania was estimated to be @percent@ in the reported @number@ older psychiatric inpatients.
in elderly inpatients with bipolar disorder , the mean prevalence of late-onset mania was @percent@.
for other relevant care facilities , no firm conclusions could be drawn.
objectives : this study examined subjective age and its cross-domain correlates in chinese oldest-old.
results : a small percentage ( @percent@ ) of the oldest-old participants reported that they did not feel old.
conclusion : the findings revealed the key roles of functional limitations and mental health in the construction of subjective age in chinese oldest-old.
doing housework as part of iadl is an important skill needed for older people to live independently and successfully.
a limited number of studies explore the association between mci and doing housework.
the aim of this study was to assess the association between mci and doing housework among old people.
method : the study employed a community-based , cross-sectional design.
results : about @percent@ of the respondents were found to have mci.
people with mci are found to be less healthy and live unhealthy lifestyles.
conclusions : mci is associated with doing less housework.
the deterioration in the ability to do housework is a potentially important indicator of evolving cognitive impairment in some old people.
method : secondary data on texas board-certified geriatricians and geriatric psychiatrists from american board of medical specialties database were analyzed.
results : the study found @number@ geriatrician per @number@ elders , and @number@ geriatric psychiatrist per @number@ elders , in texas.
over @percent@ of geriatricians had active certification , @percent@ were females and the average age was @number@ years.
rural geriatricians were disproportionately scarce ( p < @number@ ) .
discussion : the study indicated a serious shortage of board-certified geriatricians and geriatric psychiatrists in texas.
this shortage is worse than that at the national level , and more marked along the texas-mexico border and counties lacking large health facilities.
addressing this workforce deficiency requires improvements in the geriatric training pipeline , reimbursements , and practice environments.
this is the first comprehensive cohort study of the health of older people ever conducted in iran.
it is planned that all participants will be re-examined after @number@ years.
data are collected via questionnaire , examinations and venepuncture.
ahap started in @date@ and @number@ participants had been seen by @date@ , the end of the baseline stage of this study.
the participation rate was @percent@.
the prevalence of self-reported hypertension ( @percent@ ) and diabetes mellitus ( @percent@ ) are high.
only @percent@ of older people considered their health as excellent or good in comparison with others at this age.
researchers interested in using the information are invited to contact the principal investigator seyed reza hosseini ( hosseinim46@yahoo.com ) .
materials and methods : the institutional review board of our hospital approved this retrospective study and patient informed consent was waived.
the signal intensity of renal cortex and medulla were measured to calculate renal corticomedullary contrast ratio.
additionally , renal cortical thickness was measured.
results : the renal corticomedullary junction was clearly depicted in all patients.
the mean cortical thickness was @number@ ± @number@ mm.
the mean corticomedullary contrast ratio was @number@ ± @number@
however , there was no significant correlation between renal corticomedullary contrast ratio and age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
similarly , no significant correlation was observed between renal cortical thickness and age ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
objectives / hypothesis : the tongue contributes to a safe swallow.
this study examined isometric tongue strength and tongue pressure measured during swallowing in healthy young and older adults.
study design : prospective group design.
methods : one hundred twenty-six healthy individuals who were recruited as part of a larger study on swallowing participated in this study.
participants were divided into three age groups : @number@ to @number@ years , @number@ to @number@ years , and ≥61 years.
a kaypentax digital swallowing workstation with an air-filled bulb array was placed on the tongue of each participant ( anterior to posterior ) .
participants completed three isometric tongue presses and three swallows.
tongue strength during swallowing yielded significantly greater anterior versus posterior tongue pressure.
level of evidence : @number@
the biological , functional , clinical and evolutionary significance of this epigenetic drift , however , remains unclear.
we here provide a brief review of epigenetic drift , focusing on the potential implications for ageing , stem cell biology and disease risk prediction.
it has been demonstrated that epigenetic drift affects most of the genome , suggesting a global deregulation of dnam patterns with age.
a component of this drift is tissue-specific , allowing remarkably accurate age-predictive models to be constructed.
age-associated increases in dnam target developmental genes , overlapping those associated with environmental disease risk factors and with disease itself , notably cancer.
in particular , cancers and precursor cancer lesions exhibit aggravated age dnam signatures.
epigenetic drift is also influenced by genetic factors.
thus , drift emerges as a promising biomarker for premature or biological ageing , and could potentially be used in geriatrics for disease risk prediction.
finally , we propose , in the context of human evolution , that epigenetic drift may represent a case of epigenetic thrift , or bet-hedging.
in addition , treatment of hek293t cells with rc resulted in camp-response element-binding protein ( creb ) -binding protein ( cbp ) regulated foxo1 acetylation.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) have been shown to be a contributor to aging and disease.
ros also serve as a trigger switch for signaling cascades leading to corresponding cellular and molecular events.
in the central nervous system ( cns ) , microglial cells are likely the main source of ros production.
however , activated astrocytes also appear to be capable of generating ros.
although ifn-γ alone had no effect , it potentiated il-1β-induced ros production in a time-dependent manner.
nadph oxidase ( nox ) may also contribute to ros production as astrocytes express nox isoforms.
elevated levels of 8-isoprostane in il-1β ± ifn-γ-activated human astrocytes indicate downstream lipid peroxidation.
these results support the notion that dampening activated human astrocytes to maintain the redox homeostasis is vital to preserve their neuroprotective potential in the cns.
separating the two conditions is of vital importance because treatment strategies differ completely.
furthermore , therapies that are indicated for who group @number@ pah may be harmful in patients with who group @number@ ph.
we review the somewhat confusing ph nomenclature and the who classification system and rationale behind it.
we then focus on left-side heart disorders that cause ph.
we review contemporary studies that focus on clinical and echocardiographic findings that help to distinguish hfpef from pah in the patient with ph.
sixteen participants were interviewed before and @number@ were interviewed after aging out.
findings suggest that transitional living programs services were appreciated for the relationships and safety net they fostered.
future plans were positive , but vague , and worries about the future were prevalent.
struggles with independence post-emancipation were common despite adult service use.
additional research is needed to understand how to best support these at-risk emerging adults.
the growing influx of patients in healthcare providers is the result of an aging population and emerging self-consciousness about health.
this paper presents a case study of a conventional radiology workflow analysis in a portuguese healthcare provider.
modeling tools were applied to define the existing workflow.
re-engineered workflows were analyzed using the developed simulation tool.
the integration of modeling and simulation tools allowed the identification of system bottlenecks.
the new workflow of an imaging department entails a reduction of @number@ % of the total completion time.
aging is a complex physiological process that poses considerable conundrums to rapidly aging societies.
thus , physiological aging presents numerous unanswered questions , particularly with regard to changing metabolic patterns.
urine proteomics analysis is becoming a non-invasive and reproducible diagnostic method.
we investigated the urine proteomes in healthy elderly people to determine which metabolic processes were weakened or strengthened in aging humans.
this generated a list of @number@ proteins that were differentially expressed in different age groups ( young , intermediate , and old age ) .
detailed identification of \ "protein trails \ " creates a more global picture of metabolic changes that occur in the elderly.
background : with continued ageing , levels of frailty are an increasing concern.
objective : to compare sex differences in le in phenotypic frailty categories and disability at age ≥50 between european countries.
design : the survey of health , ageing and retirement in europe ( share ) .
les with each state by sex and country were calculated using sullivan's method.
at all ages and both sexes the fewest years were spent frail.
conclusions : this study is the first to compare differences in le in frailty categories across european countries.
recently , we reported the syntheses of a number of novel phenolic antioxidants for possible application in food industry.
moreover , our gene expression databases can be used as a roadmap for future analysis of mechanisms of antioxidant action.
here we show that cytosolic p53 impairs autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria and facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure in mice.
prevalence and induction of mitochondrial autophagy is attenuated by senescence or doxorubicin treatment in vitro and in vivo.
furthermore , overexpression of parkin ameliorates the functional decline in aged hearts , and is accompanied by decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and proinflammatory phenotypes.
individual specimens were classified as control or diseased according to clinical evaluation and neuropathological examination.
for the enrichment of synaptosomes and neuromelanin granules from the same tissue sample density gradient centrifugations using percoll® and iodixanol were performed.
the purity of resulting fractions was checked by transmission electron microscopy.
defining the relationship between ageing and cancer is a crucial but challenging task.
mice deficient in zmpste24 , a metalloproteinase mutated in human progeria and involved in nuclear prelamin a maturation , recapitulate multiple features of ageing.
however , their short lifespan and serious cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic alterations restrict the application and interpretation of carcinogenesis protocols.
here we present zmpste24 mosaic mice that lack these limitations.
moreover , prelamin a accumulation does not impair tumour initiation and growth , but it decreases the incidence of infiltrating oral carcinomas.
accordingly , silencing of zmpste24 reduces human cancer cell invasiveness.
our results support the potential of cell-based and systemic therapies for progeria and highlight zmpste24 as a new anticancer target.
intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ( ssp ) is occasionally lethal.
therefore , conservative treatments such as chemical pleurodesis are frequently performed for inoperable patients with intractable ssp.
therefore , the indication of polysurgery for intractable pneumothorax is controversial.
we had proposed the techniques of surgical approaches for polysurgery of intractable ssp.
this study assessed functional balance among older adults at all grades of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and explored balance impairment predictors.
the timed up and go ( tug ) test was used to assess functional balance.
functional balance impairment was defined as a tug score exceeding the upper limit of the confidence intervals of normative values for healthy older adults.
participants performed the tug test in @number@ s ( sd = @number@ s ) .
functional balance impairment was present in @percent@ of the participants and was significantly more frequent in severe to very severe copd ( @percent@ ) .
functional balance impairment is present in early copd , although more evident at advanced grades.
these findings highlight the importance of balance assessment in older patients at all copd grades.
this study included @number@ older women ( age 60-90 years ) .
spearman rank order correlations were used to evaluate the correlation between the hap scores and accelerometer variables.
the hap is a useful indicator of physical activity levels in older women.
background : mastocytosisis a rare disease associated with chronic symptoms related to mast cell mediator release.
patients with mastocytosis display high level of negative emotionality such as depression and stress sensibility.
brain mast cells are mainly localized in the diencephalon , which is linked to emotion regulatory systems.
negative emotionality has been shown to be associated with telomere shortening.
taken together these observations led us to hypothesize that mast cells activity could be involved in both negative emotionality and telomere shortening in mastocytosis.
objective : to demonstrate a possible relationship between negative emotionality in mastocytosis and leukocytes telomere length.
results : mild-severe depression scores were frequent ( @percent@ ) as well as high perceived stress ( @percent@ ) .
telomere length was correlated to perceived stress ( r = 0.77 ; p = 0.0001 ) but not to depression in our population.
patients displaying wild-type kit significantly presented higher perceived stress levels.
patients with the d816vc kit mutation who had high perceived stress scores displayed significantly shorter telomere but not if they had high depression scores.
conclusion : these findings suggest that high perceived stress in mastocytosis could accelerate the rate of leukocytes telomere shortening.
since mastocytosis is , by definition , a mast cell mediated disease ; these cells could be involved in this phenomenon.
mechanistic causal relationships between these parameters need to be investigated.
because of high-aging japanese society , high-risk patients with multiple co-morbidities have been increasing in regular open-heart surgery.
recently , it has been reported that arterial perfusion through the axillary artery provides sufficient antegrade aortic flow associated with fewer atheroembolic complications.
in this paper , we report @number@ successful cases of valvular surgeries in which axillary artery cannulation was used to avoid complications of brain.
study design : information on the mode of death was obtained from first-degree relatives and / or health personnel of a local health office.
information collected in survivors was based on history , physical examination of the cardiovascular system and minnesota coding of resting electrocardiograms.
thirty deaths were attributed to coronary and cerebrovascular disease.
the so-called «testosterone deficiency syndrome» is a blend of nonspecific symptoms typical of the physiological process of aging.
this syndrome has been the subject of intense promotional activity that has presented the phenomenon as highly prevalent and with a major public health impact.
this example might be of use in the response to disease mongering activities from the clinical and public health fields.
dna from peripheral blood leukocytes ( pbl ) and brain samples were analyzed for the presence of cmv , ebv , or hhv-6.
all samples were negative for cmv.
hhv-6 showed a @percent@ positivity in pbl samples from ad and @percent@ from controls ( p = @number@ ) .
@percent@ of ad brains were hhv-6 positive.
within a group of elderly individuals , followed up for @number@ years , ebv-positive or hhv-6-positive pbl increased in those who developed clinical ad.
our findings suggest that ebv and hhv- @date@ be environmental risk factors for cognitive deterioration and progression to ad in elderly persons.
objectives : this study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase a2 ( spla2 ) -iia in cardiovascular disease.
background : higher circulating levels of spla2-iia mass or spla2 enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events.
however , it is not clear if this association is causal.
a recent phase iii clinical trial of an spla2 inhibitor ( varespladib ) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy.
in the acs cohorts , both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ors showed a null association with mve.
instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between spla2 enzyme activity and mve.
conclusions : reducing spla2-iia mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.
elderly patients may experience impairments in cognition or mood following surgery.
microglia activation ( iba-1 ) and neurogenesis ( dcx ) were immunohistochemically determined.
in separate experiments , the effects of anesthesia and the cytokine response ( il-6 ) following surgery were evaluated.
no effects of surgery on cognition were observed at either age.
however , aged rats displayed long-term changes in affective behavior and had increased microgliosis in the ca1 hippocampal region following surgery.
microglia activation following surgery was positively correlated to parameters of behavior and spatial learning.
the event created the platform to discuss the provision of medicines for older adults from a pharmaceutical sciences perspective.
attentional biases are known to play a contributing , and perhaps even causal role in the etiology of anxiety and other negative affective states.
the current study included one of the most widely-used measures of attentional bias , the dot-probe task ( mathews & macleod , @number@ ) .
participants were older adults who were either nonanxious or diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder.
this reduction did not occur among those in the wait list condition.
implications are discussed.
results : on average , regardless of the age group , patients reported @number@ concurrent symptoms.
the most prevalent symptoms were physical in nature.
worrying was the most common psychological symptom.
for @number@ ( @percent@ ) of the @number@ memorial symptom assessment scale symptoms , no age-related differences were found in symptom occurrence rates.
for symptom severity ratings , an age-related trend was found for difficulty swallowing.
as age increased , severity of difficulty swallowing decreased.
for symptom frequency , age-related trends were found for feeling irritable and diarrhea , with both decreasing in frequency as age increased.
for symptom distress , age-related trends were found for lack of energy , shortness of breath , feeling bloated , and difficulty swallowing.
as age increased , these symptoms received lower average distress ratings.
this is a concern for older drivers , their families , and the public , as well as government agencies.
in @number@ an australian collaboration ( ozcandrive ) joined the project funded by an australian research council ( arc ) linkage grant.
this special issue describes the preliminary findings of the candrive / ozcandrive prospective study of @number@ older drivers in canada , australia and new zealand.
dementia caregiving is associated with elevations in depressive symptoms and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) .
assessments were completed pre- and post-intervention and at 1-year follow-up.
biological assessments included cvd risk markers interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) and d-dimer.
psychosocial outcomes included depressive symptoms , positive affect , and negative affect.
for il-6 , clinically significant improvement was observed in @percent@ of pep participants and @percent@ of is participants.
for depressive symptoms , clinically significant improvement was found for @percent@ of pep vs @percent@ of is participants.
group differences in change from baseline to 1-year follow-up were non-significant for all outcomes.
the pep program decreased depression and improved a measure of physiological health in older dementia caregivers.
future research should examine the efficacy of pep for improving other cvd biomarkers and seek to sustain the intervention's effects.
although concealed or dormant in the embryonic stage , they often manifest later in life.
particular paths of fetal growth are now known to predict a range of disorders in adult life.
this is thought to reflect fetal programming , the phenomenon whereby nutrition and other influences during development set the body's organs and systems for life.
in many studies , the effects of placental size and shape on later disease have been examined within different categories of mother's body size.
the review shows that variations in gross placental morphology at birth predict a wide range of disorders in later life.
any particular placental phenotype seems to predict a limited number of diseases.
further research into the links between the processes of placentation and the morphology of the placenta at birth is now required.
we also need to understand why , compared to other placental mammals , the human placenta is so variable in its morphology and functional capacity.
objective : locomotor adaptation enables safe , efficient navigation among changing environments.
participants later re-adapted to the same conditions to assess retention of the split-belt gait pattern.
after re-adaptation , we assessed aftereffects of this pattern during conventional treadmill walking.
results : persons with pd exhibited step length asymmetry throughout many adaptation and adaptive learning conditions.
early adaptation was similar across groups , though hya and hoa continued to adapt into late adaptation while pd did not.
conclusions : though they may exhibit a default asymmetry under various walking conditions , persons with pd can adapt and store new walking patterns.
significance : locomotor adaptation therapy may be effective in ameliorating asymmetric gait deficits in persons with pd.
since the end of the vietnam war and increasing tourism to asia , there has been ongoing reverse migration of westerners to southeast asia.
some , but not all , have pensions and modest assets.
some acquire a locals spouse and raise a second family.
many of those who arrived early are now aging rapidly and are depleting their financial resources.
health problems become socio / economic threats.
of the asian target countries that attract reverse migrants have adequate health care and social safety nets that are available to them.
the usual health care safety nets expected in western countries do not cover their nationals in a foreign country.
this essay discusses these problems as seen from the perspective of two practicing physicians in southeast asia.
we investigated morphometric brain changes in patients with parkinson's disease ( pd ) that are associated with balance training.
a total of @number@ patients and @number@ healthy matched controls learned a balance task over a period of @number@ weeks.
balance testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after @number@ @number@ and @number@ training weeks.
balance performance was re-evaluated after ∼20 months.
balance training resulted in performance improvements in both groups.
voxel-based morphometry revealed learning-dependent gray matter changes in the left hippocampus in healthy controls.
furthermore , a time × group interaction analysis revealed time-dependent gray matter changes in the right cerebellum.
our results highlight training-induced balance improvements in pd patients that may be associated with specific patterns of structural brain plasticity.
we examined whether cognitive reserve ( cr ) modifies this association.
in contrast , both tau and p-tau interacted with cr , indicating that cr was more protective at lower levels of tau and p-tau.
study objective : delirium is a common form of acute brain dysfunction with prognostic significance.
health care professionals caring for older emergency department ( ed ) patients miss delirium in approximately @percent@ of cases.
this error results from a lack of available measures that can be performed rapidly enough to be incorporated into clinical practice.
therefore , we developed and evaluated a novel 2-step approach to delirium surveillance for the ed.
methods : this prospective observational study was conducted at an academic ed in patients aged @number@ years or older.
the reference standard for delirium was a comprehensive psychiatrist assessment using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition , text revision criteria.
all assessments were independently conducted within @number@ hours of one another.
sensitivities , specificities , and likelihood ratios with their @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ cis ) were calculated.
results : of @number@ enrolled patients , @number@ ( @percent@ ) had delirium diagnosed by the psychiatrist reference standard.
the dts was @percent@ sensitive ( @percent@ ci @percent@ to @percent@ ) , with an expected specificity of approximately @percent@ for both raters.
the dts's negative likelihood ratio was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@ to @number@ ) for both raters.
larger , multicenter trials are needed to confirm these findings and to determine the effect of these assessments on delirium recognition in the ed.
discordance between self-reports and medical records reflects patient and provider factors that have implications for management and research.
this study investigated discordance and socio-demographic factors that explain concordance.
a purposive sample of @number@ disabled older persons was interviewed using a structured questionnaire.
co-morbidity increased concordance for all health conditions and decreased concordance for hypertension.
further investigation is needed to examine the reasons for the disparities between the two sources of information.
this study examined a population-based profile of older adults with acquired brain injury , and their functional outcomes , in in-patient rehabilitation.
demographic and clinical characteristics and the total function score from the fim ( ™ ) instrument were examined.
the discharge abstract database and national rehabilitation reporting system were used.
however , both groups made significant ( p < @number@ ) and similar gains ( p > @number@ ) in total function scores.
we conclude that older adults with tbi and ntbi make similar in-patient rehabilitation gains.
lower initial functional ability of ntbi patients on admission and patients ' different clinical profiles have implications for clinical care and resources.
seventy-eight older mixed-ethnicity adults ( age @number@ and older ) who were not culturally affiliated with tc were recruited for this study.
hrf measures were taken before and after a 16-week tc program that offered seven sessions per week.
significant improvements were found in upper and lower musculoskeletal fitness and partial curl-ups , with tc being embraced by the participants.
results : the prevalence of having depressive symptoms and being at risk of malnutrition / malnourishment in @number@ was @percent@ and @percent@.
the relationship between nutritional risk and subsequent depressive symptoms was stronger than the relationship between co-morbidities and adl score and subsequent depressive symptoms.
nutritional risk contributes significantly to subsequent depressive symptoms and is a strong and consistent predictor of subsequent depressive symptoms in nearly-old and old taiwanese.
recent breakthroughs have provided notable insights into both the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for age-related hearing loss ( arhl ) .
simultaneously , these breakthroughs enhance our knowledge about this neurodegenerative disease and raise the question of whether the disorder is preventable or even treatable.
discoveries relating to arhl have revealed a unique link between arhl and the underlying pathologies.
in the current study participants retrieved autobiographical memories during presentation of musical clips.
task instructions were manipulated to separate age-related differences in the specificity of underlying memory representations from age-related differences in following task instructions.
whereas young adults modulated memory specificity based on task demands , older adults did not.
in striking contrast , old participants generated a p3b to target letters with no reliable differences between conditions.
individuals who were slow to initiate early selection appeared to be less successful at executing late selection.
in study @number@ ( n = @number@ ) , reward and threat perceptions were experimentally manipulated followed by measurement of investment model constructs.
results showed that attachment avoidance was uniquely associated with lower perceptions of reward , whereas attachment anxiety was uniquely associated with stronger perceptions of threat.
stronger reward perceptions were associated with higher commitment , investment , and satisfaction , as well as lower quality of alternatives in all studies.
stronger threat perceptions were associated with lower satisfaction in all @number@ studies.
stronger threat perceptions were also correlated with higher levels of investment and commitment , although these effects did not replicate in our experimental study.
these results underscore the importance of considering the effects of rewards and threats simultaneously in commitment processes.
we also examined relations between life stories and personality traits.
all life story components were rated on emotion and age.
negative future events were less likely to be a continuation of chapters and were more temporally distant than positive future events.
extraversion and conscientiousness were related to more positive life stories , and neuroticism was related to more negative life stories.
using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a national sample spanning the adult life span , age differences in anger and sadness were explored.
by contrast , the frequency of sadness remains stable over most of adulthood and begins to increase in old age.
since @number@ ageing populations worldwide have received increasing attention by global policy-makers.
the absence of movement , the lack of function of any organ or system leads to the inefficiency , atrophy and death.
a wide selection of antihypertensive drugs are currently available for managing hypertension , with distinct advantages and disadvantages in selected patient populations.
research continues , as the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension is better recognized as a threat in aging populations worldwide.
this was done regardless of their actual accuracy , and the questions were then repeated.
among older adults , as age increased , accuracy decreased and rate of response change increased.
people were moderately confident overall about both their correct and incorrect responses.
ckd affects @percent@ of persons older than @number@ years of age and can double the risk for physical impairment , cognitive dysfunction , and frailty.
we also present a summary of the proposed mechanisms for these associations.
background : pedometers are more likely than accelerometers to be used in walking interventions and other applications , including wide spread adoption by lay people.
the purpose of this article is to provide older adults ' sex-and-age-specific normative values for accelerometer-determined steps / day , adjusted to a pedometer-based scale.
accelerometer data were adjusted to a pedometer scale using an established process of censoring steps counted during those minutes where activity counts totaled < 500.
lmschartmakerpro was used to create smoothed percentile curves corresponding to the 5th , 25th , 50th , 75th , and 95th percentiles.
in general , steps / day tended to decrease within each quintile-defined category as age increased.
similar patterns were apparent in the more detailed lmschartmakerpro percentiles.
background : longevity-associated genes may modulate risk for age-related diseases and survival.
the healthy aging index ( hai ) may be a subphenotype of longevity , which can be constructed in many studies for genetic analysis.
we investigated the hai's association with survival in the cardiovascular health study and heritability in the long life family study.
in cardiovascular health study , the association with mortality and accuracy predicting death were determined with cox proportional hazards analysis and c-statistics , respectively.
in long life family study , heritability was determined with a variance component-based family analysis using a polygenic model.
conclusion : the hai should be investigated further as a candidate phenotype for uncovering longevity-associated genes in humans.
objective : weight changes may be an important indicator of an ongoing pathological process.
retrospective self-report might be the only possibility to capture prior weight.
the objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of retrospective recall of body weight in old age and factors that might predict accuracy.
of these , @number@ had self-reported their weight twenty years earlier and among these @number@ had also had their weight assessed at this time point.
conclusions : recalled weight comes close to the assessed population mean , but at the individual level there is a large variation.
the accuracy is affected by current bmi , changes in weight , end-digit preferences , and current cognitive ability.
recalled weight should be used with caution.
inhibitors of oligomer formation , therefore , could be valuable therapeutics for patients with ad and lbd.
the antiparkinsonian agents could be potential therapeutic agents to prevent or delay ad and lbd progression.
sex differences in predictors of increased va among cardiovascular ( cv ) risk factors and arterial stiffness ( as ) parameters were identifi ed.
two groups : @number@ - subjects whose va has exceeded ca for at least @number@ years and @number@ - others were established.
carotid as parameters were obtained from echo-tracking.
results : substitution of va for ca changed the frs category into the higher one in @percent@ of subjects.
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) was the predictor of increased va in both sexes , while metabolic syndrome ( ms ) only in women.
conclusions : the substitution of va for ca may increase the frs category.
sex differences in predictors of increased va were identifi ed.
as parameters proved to be predictors of increased va besides the classic risk factors.
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is a major health concern for aging men.
bph is associated with urinary voiding dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) , which negatively affects quality of life.
thus , there is a need to explore other therapeutic targets to treat bph / luts.
overactive bladder ( oab ) is a highly prevalent clinical condition in both men and women , and rates tend to increase with advancing age.
a variety of different evaluation methods have been developed to measure both objective and subjective parameters of the condition.
options for treatment include behavioral therapies , medications , and surgical treatments such as chemodenervation.
combined symptoms of oab and benign prostatic enlargement have recently gained increased research attention.
this article reviews recently published literature on epidemiology , evaluation , clinical impacts , and management of oab , with a focus on elderly men.
we evaluated the effectiveness of the salud y bienestar program to deliver diabetes education in the hispanic population in the united states.
this intervention applies a one-group pre- and post-test design to improve diabetes knowledge.
the intervention carried out in the states of california , texas , and washington dc.
a total of @number@ participants were enrolled.
the salud y bienestar program conducted by community health workers was effective approach to improving diabetes knowledge in the hispanic population.
topoisomerases are crucial for solving dna topological problems , but they have not been linked to rna metabolism.
notably , the fmrp-top3β interaction is abolished by a disease-associated mutation of fmrp , suggesting that top3β may contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders.
top3β binds multiple mrnas encoded by genes with neuronal functions linked to schizophrenia and autism.
synapse formation is defective in top3β mutant flies and mice , as well as in fmrp mutant flies and mice.
objectives : hip fractures are common , morbid , and costly health events that threaten independence and function of older patients.
the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if orthogeriatric collaboration models improve outcomes.
study selection : studies were included if they described an inpatient multidisciplinary approach to hip fracture management involving an orthopaedic surgeon and a geriatrician.
studies were grouped into @number@ following categories : routine geriatric consultation , geriatric ward with orthopaedic consultation , and shared care.
after independent review of @number@ citations by @number@ authors , @number@ studies ( @number@ patients ) were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria.
data extraction : in-hospital mortality , length of stay , and long-term mortality outcomes were collected.
data synthesis : a random effects model meta-analysis determined whether orthogeriatric collaboration was associated with improved outcomes.
other variables such as time to surgery , delirium , and functional status were measured infrequently.
conclusions : this meta-analysis supports orthogeriatric collaboration to improve mortality after hip repair.
further study is needed to determine the best model of orthogeriatric collaboration and if these partnerships improve functional outcomes.
background : macular pigment ( mp ) might provide some protection against age-related eye disease , and it is now being measured in ophthalmic practice.
typically , the test requires setting flicker thresholds for a centrally and peripherally viewed blue / green alternating target.
here we describe the results when an age-based estimate of the peripheral value is used , thus avoiding the peripheral setting.
in @number@ observers , a comparison was made between this and values obtained with the centre and periphery method.
information on smoking habits , iris colour , diabetic status , and ethnicity were recorded.
results : the overall average mpod for the population obtained with the centre-only approach for @number@ individuals was @number@ ± @number@
the centre-only technique was an accurate predictor of values based on centre and peripheral measures , with @percent@ limits of agreement of @number@ od units.
pearson's correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between right and left eyes ( r = @number@ ( p < @number@ ) ) .
there was a small difference between males and females that did not reach statistical significance ( r = @number@ ) .
there was a non-statistically significant age-related decline in mpod in this particular population ( r = @number@ ) .
dark irides were significantly associated with high mpod ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
mpod in type ii diabetic patients was @percent@ lower than that in non-diabetics ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the technique provides similar values of mp optical density to previous reports.
how p73 is able to participate in such a broad spectrum of different biological processes is still largely unknown.
compared with wild-type mice , mice functionally deficient in all the p73 isoforms exhibit decreased atg5 expression and lower levels of autophagy in multiple organs.
these data strongly suggest that the p73-atg5 axis represents a novel , key pathway for regulating lipid metabolism through autophagy.
background : inappropriate medication use is common in the elderly and the risks associated with their use are well known.
the term deprescribing has been utilised to describe the complex process that is required for the safe and effective cessation of inappropriate medications.
given the primacy of the consumer in health care , their views must be central in the development of any deprescribing process.
objectives : the aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers that may influence a patient's decision to cease a medication.
numerous search terms relating to withdrawal of medications and consumers ' beliefs were utilised.
study appraisal and synthesis methods : determination of relevance and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers.
content analysis with coding was utilised for synthesis of results.
results : twenty-one articles met the criteria and were included in the review.
conclusions and implications of key findings : the decision to stop a medication by an individual is influenced by multiple competing barriers and enablers.
however , further research is required to determine if the proposed patient-centred deprescribing process will result in improved patient outcomes.
heart failure ( hf ) is a common problem in older adults.
hf can be seen in up to @number@ % of adults aged @number@ years or older.
in contrast to middle-aged ( 40-64 years ) hf patients , multiple cardiac , non-cardiac and geriatric syndrome co-morbidities are seen in elderly hf patients.
additionally , age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics influence medication therapy.
hence , the management of older patients with hf is challenging and treatment should be modified in the light of the above-mentioned conditions.
optimal management would be expected to help to reduce illness burden , reduce mortality and hospitalizations , and improve function and quality of life.
background : parabens are preservatives commonly used in personal care products , pharmaceuticals , and foods.
there is documented widespread human exposure to parabens , and some experimental data suggest that they act as estrogenic endocrine disruptors.
as far as we are aware , no epidemiologic studies have assessed female reproductive health effects in relation to paraben exposure.
methods : measures of ovarian reserve were day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , antral follicle count ( afc ) , and ovarian volume.
we used linear and poisson regression models to estimate associations of urinary paraben concentrations ( in tertiles ) with ovarian reserve measures.
mp and pp were detected in > @percent@ of urine samples and bp in > @percent@.
conclusions : pp may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve.
however , our results require confirmation in further studies.
androgens play a primary role in female physiopathology.
the age-related reduction in the production of ovarian and adrenal androgens may significantly affect women's health.
the decline of circulating androgens results from a combination of two events : reduced ovarian production and aged-related decline in adrenal androgen synthesis.
whether androgen deficiency also affects cardiovascular or bone biology in women during reproductive aging is still controversial.
the anti-skin aging effects of ( egcg ) have been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo models.
accumulating data suggest that egcg possesses important antioxidant and photoprotective properties.
in the present study , we examined whether egcg may inhibit expression of mmp-1 in heat-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts.
furthermore , we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of egcg on heat-induced mmp-1 expression.
western blot analysis and mmp-1 promoter assay revealed that egcg markedly inhibited heat shock-induced mmp-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
also , in western blotting , egcg significantly inhibited the heat-induced expression of ap-1 constituent proteins , c-jun , junb and c-fos.
these results demonstrated that egcg has abilities to inhibit heat-induced collagenolytic mmp-1 production via interfering with ap-1 pathways.
smooth muscle cell ( smc ) proliferation is a hallmark of vascular injury and disease.
global hypomethylation occurs during smc proliferation in culture and in vivo during neointimal formation.
global hypomethylation of proliferating aortic smcs and concomitant decrease of dnmt1 expression were identified in culture during passage.
in summary , hypomethylation of col15a1 occurs during smc proliferation and the consequent increased gene expression may impact smc phenotype and atherosclerosis formation.
modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception.
while women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties , the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described.
while there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children , the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood.
this review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality , reproductive success and offspring health.
calorie restriction ( cr ) without malnutrition is the most robust intervention to slow aging and extend healthy lifespan in experimental model organisms.
however , little is known about the independent effect of circulating factors in modulating key molecular pathways.
we show that treatment of cultured cells with cr sera caused increased expression of stress-response genes and enhanced tolerance to oxidants.
cells cultured in serum from cr individuals showed a @percent@ increase in resistance to h2o2 damage.
the proportion of elderly people in societies of western industrialized countries is continuously rising.
biologic aging induces deficits in balance and muscle strength / power in old age , which is responsible for an increased prevalence of falls.
the present review provides the scientific foundation of the practice guide.
research has been inconclusive so far about the factors responsible for the transition from mci to dementia.
the ebr was recorded under resting conditions , using two gold skin electrodes above and below the left eye.
cognitive function was assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests.
participants with mci showed significantly higher ebr than the healthy controls.
also , ebr was negatively related to scores on the montreal cognitive assessment test ( moca ) test.
in addition , this finding suggests that an abnormally high ebr may be a potential biomarker of the transition from healthy aging to dementia.
methods : cerebellar cortex was snap frozen and stored at -80°c in aliquots for biochemical analyses.
harmane concentration was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography.
conclusions : this study provides additional evidence of a possible etiological importance of this toxin in some cases of the human disease et.
dna damage is linked to multiple human diseases , such as cancer , neurodegeneration , and aging.
little is known about the role of chromatin accessibility in dna repair.
sirt6 recruits the chromatin remodeler snf2h to dsbs and focally deacetylates histone h3k56.
remarkably , sirt6-deficient mice exhibit lower levels of chromatin-associated snf2h in specific tissues , a phenotype accompanied by dna damage.
we present a unique crosstalk between a histone modifier and a chromatin remodeler , regulating a coordinated response to prevent dna damage.
dual-task designs have been used widely to study the degree of automatic and controlled processing involved in postural stability of young and older adults.
however , several unexplained discrepancies in the results weaken this literature.
our review shows that older adults are able to perform a postural dual task as well as younger adults in stable conditions.
substantial individual differences exist in the magnitude of the cognitive decline associated with normal aging.
potential contributors to this intersubject variability include white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) and preclinical alzheimer's disease , evident as increased brain amyloid.
the elderly were divided into pib ( + ) and pib ( - ) groups based on radiotracer retention.
there were no significant differences in cognitive performance between pib ( + ) and pib ( - ) elderly.
however , both pib groups performed significantly worse than did the young on cognitive testing.
objective : to determine the associations between classes of antihypertensive medication use and the risk of cognitive impairment among elderly hypertensive men.
methods : the honolulu-asia aging study is a prospective , community-based cohort study of japanese american men conducted in honolulu , hawaii.
cognitive function was assessed at @number@ standardized examinations using the cognitive abilities screening instrument ( casi ) .
cognitive impairment was defined as a casi score < 74.
the use of diuretics , calcium channel blockers , angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors , or vasodilators alone was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment.
conclusions : β-blocker use is associated with a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment in elderly japanese american men.
changes during senescence can significantly affect both the emotional and relational needs of old individuals and the characteristics of the attachment system.
both groups of dogs expressed clear-cut patterns of attachment to their owners.
compared with ad dogs , ag ones showed a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentrations after the sst.
background : ageing is characteristically accompanied by changes in vascular endothelial markers and growth factor as well as increased cellular death.
this newly-determined data was combined with earlier data , e.g. , 4-year mortality and medical history.
results : subjects who died during the follow-up had higher baseline plasma levels of vcam-1 , sfas , and hgf.
in all examined groups , physical activity resulted in decrease of these oxidative stress markers and simultaneously caused adaptive increase in the erythrocyte sod activity.
additionally , in active younger men cat , gpx , and gr activities were higher than in sedentary ones.
using 3d , we interrogated over @number@ billion mitochondrial genomes to analyze the age-related dynamics of mtdna deletions in human brain tissue.
we demonstrate that the total deletion load increases with age , while the total number and diversity of unique deletions remain constant.
our data provide support for the hypothesis that expansion of pre-existing mutations is the primary factor contributing to age-related accumulation of mtdna deletions.
purpose : to assess whether corrected visual acuity after implantation of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses ( iols ) varies with patient age.
setting : tokyo dental college , suidobashi hospital , tokyo , japan.
design : cross-sectional study.
contrast sensitivity was evaluated at @number@ months.
eyes with a monofocal iol served as controls.
results : the mean cdva was significantly better in the 30s and 50s than in the 60s and 70s ( p < .033 ) .
there was significant decline in dcnva in the 60s and 70s compared with the 30s ( p < .03 ) .
no change in cdva was found with the monofocal iol.
conclusion : corrected visual acuities and contrast sensitivity were worse in older patients than in younger patients.
visual acuities with the monofocal iol were not associated with patient age.
financial disclosure : dr. bissen-miyajima has received lecture fees from abbott medical optics , inc.
neither of the other authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
evidence suggests that musicians , compared to non-musicians , experience less age-related decline in auditory processing abilities.
these results suggest that exogenous auditory erps are enhanced in musicians , but decline with age at the same rate.
this suggests that older musicians use a compensatory strategy to overcome age-related decline in peripheral and exogenous processing of acoustic information.
the identification of dividing myocytes in the adult and senescent heart raises the important question concerning the origin of these newly formed cells.
it is the current view that the myocardium is an organ permissive of tissue regeneration mediated by exogenous and endogenous progenitor cells.
thin plasma polymer films from ethylenediamine were deposited on planar substrates placed on the powered electrode of a low pressure capacitively coupled @time@ discharge.
the ppeda films undergo an alteration during the storage in ambient air , particularly , due to reactions with oxygen.
the molecular changes in ppeda films were studied over a long-time period of @number@ days.
the cell adhesion was determined by flow cytometry and the cell shape was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
current research in several research centers aims at increasing the resin-dentin bond durability.
the hydrophilic and acidic characteristics of current dentin adhesives have made hybrid layers highly prone to water sorption.
this , in turn , causes polymer degradation and results in decreased resin-dentin bond strength over time.
this review will also describe several methods that have been recently advocated to silent the activity of these endogenous proteases.
background : health service utilization rises with age , and yet , its determinants are poorly understood.
our objective was to examine the association between depression and health service utilization from age 70-85.
er visits and hospitalization were higher among depressed subjects.
methods : a prospective cohort study including @number@ older men with dementia living in two veterans homes in taiwan was carried out in @number@
an organized program of music therapy , orientation training , art-cognitive activities and physical activities was carried out for the intervention group.
results : overall , @number@ residents were enrolled and @number@ of them completed the study.
the purpose of this study was to identify prevalence and risk factors of social isolation in older malaysians.
social isolation was measured with the lubben social network scale.
results : the findings from the present study showed that @percent@ of older malaysians are at risk for social isolation.
challenges to pharmacological management in this patient group include treatment concordance , comorbidity , polypharmacy , and age-related physiological changes affecting pharmacokinetics.
paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) is generally recommended as a first-choice analgesic in osteoarthritis pain.
topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) should be considered ahead of oral formulations , and prescribing nsaids for older people requires careful consideration.
there are some data relating to opioid use for noncancer pain in older people.
because of these articles many physicians found to have a non-therapeutic behavior in case of pd.
each patient underwent to two clinical assessments for pd , with a time-lag of @time@ ± @number@ months.
qualitative-quantitative non parametric multivariate analysis has been used as statistical test.
pd is a progressive disease , whose progression is linked to young age and to risk factors of fibrosis.
current knowledge of inhibitory control development in the early school years is limited due to a lack of normative data from age-appropriate , sensitive measures.
in this study , three pictorial versions of the stroop task were administered to investigate inhibitory control development in early school-aged children.
age-related trajectories of inhibition and effects of gender were examined in @number@ children ( @number@ boys ) aged @number@ to @number@ years.
all children were assessed with the cognitive assessment system expressive attention subtest ( big-small stroop ) , fruit stroop , and boy-girl stroop.
in particular , older children committed fewer errors and corrected their errors more frequently than younger children.
performance on all stroop tasks correlated significantly , providing evidence that they tap similar cognitive abilities.
some gender differences were found.
the integrity of the canalicular network might influence bone quality and reflect its mechanosensory potential.
objective : to investigate whether laboratory strategies can improve in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) outcome in poor responder patients.
design : retrospective analysis of @number@ cycles in @number@ poor responder patients.
intervention ( s ) : standard stimulation protocol with gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone ( gnrh ) antagonist.
no differences were noted in the other parameter evaluated.
patients aged over @number@ years showed no difference using the two techniques.
conclusion : the employment of icsi in the absence of a male factor can reduce reproductive outcome in poor responder.
as climate change alters environmental conditions , the incidence and global patterns of human diseases are changing.
these modifications to disease profiles and the effects upon human pharmaceutical usage are discussed.
sufferers of respiratory diseases may exhibit exacerbated symptoms due to altered environmental conditions ( e.g. , pollen ) .
the use of medications for the treatment of general symptoms ( e.g. , analgesics ) will also rise.
this review explores the likely consequences of climate change upon the use of medical pharmaceuticals in the northern hemisphere.
genomes are transmitted faithfully from dividing cells to their offspring.
changes that occur during dna repair , chromosome duplication , and transmission or via recombination provide a natural source of genetic variation.
they occur at low frequency because of the intrinsic variable nature of genomes , which we refer to as genome instability.
however , genome instability can be enhanced by exposure to external genotoxic agents or as the result of cellular pathologies.
appendicular muscle mass , grip strength , and walking speed were stratified into quartiles in both genders to explore their associations with different hormones measures.
one of the fundamental strategies for the maintenance of the satisfaction of new needs that have arisen is the promotion of self-care.
this is particularly important for older adults as they are at higher risk for cancer.
mean age was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) for @number@ ( @percent@ ) females and @number@ ( @percent@ ) males.
the results have several important implications related to cancer survivorship among older adults.
with a push toward aging in place , maintaining optimal physical functioning is crucial.
physical rehabilitation benefited the functional outcomes of this group of cancer survivors regardless of age.
application of two-dimensional surface electrode arrays can provide a means of mapping motor unit action potentials on the skin surface above a muscle.
the resulting muscle tissue displacement can be quantified , in a single plane , using ultrasound ( us ) imaging.
currently , however , it is not possible to simultaneously map spatio-temporal propagation of activation and resulting tissue strain.
in this paper , we developed and tested a material that will enable concurrent measurement of two-dimensional surface electromyograms ( emgs ) with us images.
specific protocols were designed to test the compatibility of this new electrode material , both with emg recording and with us analysis.
we , therefore , conclude this approach will facilitate multimodal imaging of muscle to provide new spatio-temporal information regarding electromechanical function of muscle.
background : injectable forms of anesthesia for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation , although efficacious , are uncomfortable for the patient.
preclinical studies have demonstrated that laser pretreatment at low energies enhances absorption of topical lidocaine.
objectives : the authors assess the safety and efficacy of laser-assisted transdermal delivery of topical anesthetic.
method : ten patients were split into @number@ groups ( a and b ) .
then the cream was removed and the first blood draw taken.
group a patients were pretreated with the full ablative laser and group b patients with a fractional ablative laser to the full face.
a further @number@ g blt was applied for another @number@ minutes.
group a patients then underwent full ablative laser treatment , and group b received fractionated ablative laser treatment.
patients were asked to rate the pain felt at intervals during the procedure.
results : no patient required supplemental nerve blocks.
pain scores were equivalent at the end of the first pass for both groups ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : data from this study demonstrate that topical anesthetic for facial rejuvenation can be enhanced with laser pretreatment while maintaining safe blood serum levels.
further studies should examine optimal application amount and time to allow safe multipass facial rejuvenation without the need for invasive nerve blocks.
purpose : to investigate differences in the age-related decline in brain tissue concentration between masters athletes and sedentary older adults.
t1-weighted high-resolution ( @number@ × @number@ × 1mm ( @number@ ) ) images were acquired.
voxel-based analysis was conducted to identify clusters showing tissue concentration differences with t-tests.
cognitive function was assessed using a standard clinical battery focused on executive function and memory.
results : two ma and two se were unable to complete the magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) study.
mortality and modified rankin scale ( mrs ) were assessed at @number@ days.
results : baseline characteristics of thrombolysed and nonthrombolysed > 80 and ≤80-year-old patients with wuis were comparable.
fracture repair progresses through different pathways , striking a balance between bone formation and bone remodeling mechanisms.
conventionally , fracture repair is divided into defined stages , each characterized by a specific set of cellular and molecular events.
in addition , in elderly patients , comorbidities and drugs therapies may also affect fracture healing.
for this reason , pharmacological research is now focused on the possible use of antiosteoporotic drugs to promote bone healing in frail patients.
study design : it is a retrospective study on otherwise healthy post-menopausal women.
results : twenty-eight women ( median age @number@ years ) were included in the analysis.
conclusions : these results suggest that the considered mixture improved intestinal calcium absorption and bone metabolism in post-menopausal women.
therefore , an adequate glycemic control is mandatory in diabetes to preserve bone health.
contemporary research has increasingly acknowledged the importance of attachment on stress-related processes in ageing.
congruent with this , there has been much research on attachment in older adults over the past three decades.
in this article , the main findings of this research are summarized , with a focus on attachment and dementia.
results show that , in general , the number of attachment figures decreases in old age.
moreover , their identity changes as adult children , deceased loved ones and god become more prominent.
with relation to the quality of attachment , anxiety in close relations appears to diminish as people age , while attachment avoidance remains relatively stable.
furthermore , individuals characterized by insecure attachment show more behavioral and psychological problems in dementia.
there is preliminary evidence for the efficacy of attachment-based interventions in dementia.
finally , there is a need for greater methodological uniformity and the use of measures that are validated for an older population.
symptomatic tendon tears are one of the most important causes of pain and joint dysfunction.
among the intrinsic causes , vascularization recently gained a major role.
in this review , we studied systematically whether there is a relationship between endothelial dysfunction and tendinopathy.
we identified @number@ published studies.
the evidence about a direct relationship between tendinopathy and endothelial dysfunction is still poor.
no significant differences were identified in the outcomes reported for experiment group when compared with controls treated with conventional surgical procedures or rehabilitation programs.
moreover , te up-regulated the expression of bcl-2 and down-regulated the expressions of bax in the hippocampus of aged ps2 mutant mice.
thus , therapeutic strategies that modulate aβ-induced er stress through te could represent a promising approach for the prevention or treatment of ad.
the age-related epithelial cancers of the breast , colorectum and prostate are the most prevalent and are increasing in our aging populations.
epithelial cells turnover rapidly and mutations naturally accumulate throughout life.
most epithelial cancers arise from this normal mutation rate.
all elderly individuals will harbour many cells with the requisite mutations and most will develop occult neoplastic lesions.
although essential for initiation , these mutations are not sufficient for the progression of cancer to a life-threatening disease.
this progression appears to be dependent on context : the tissue ecosystem within individuals and lifestyle exposures across populations of individuals.
together , this implies that the seeds may be plentiful but they only germinate in the right soil.
the incidence of these cancers is much lower in eastern countries but is increasing with westernisation and increases more acutely in migrants to the west.
epidemiology has indicated that metabolic biomarkers are prospectively associated with cancer incidence and prognosis.
the seed may only germinate if the soil is fertile.
this perspective brings together the different avenues of investigation implicating the role that metabolism may play within the context of post-genomic concepts of cancer.
objectives : to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the degree of perceived age change and improvement in attractiveness following aesthetic facial surgical procedures.
the photographs of these patients were presented to @number@ blinded raters , each of whom was randomly assigned to @number@ rater groups.
setting : facial plastic surgery private practice in toronto , ontario , canada.
results : the mean overall years saved following aesthetic facial surgery was @number@ years ( range , @number@ to @number@ years ) .
there was a small but insignificant increase in attractiveness scores in postprocedural photographs relative to preprocedural photographs ( p > @number@ ) .
level of evidence : @number@
background : unplanned hospital admissions of older patients continue to attract the attention of uk policymakers , advisors and media.
reducing the number and length of stay ( los ) of these admissions has the potential to save nhs substantial costs while reducing iatrogenic risks.
some nhs trusts have introduced geriatric admission-avoidance systems , but evidence of their effectiveness is lacking.
objective : to measure the effect of treat on los and the rate of same-day discharges ( an inverse measure of admission rate ) .
setting : treat was based in the accident and emergency ( a & e ) department of the royal free hospital , london.
treat was supported by a post-acute care enablement ( pace ) team , providing short-term nursing support immediately following discharge.
results : treat accepted @number@ geriatric admissions over a 12-month period , of which @percent@ were discharged on the day of admission.
the mean los was @number@ days , and the median los was @number@ day.
conclusions : treat appears to have reduced avoidable emergency geriatric admissions , and to have shortened los for all emergency geriatric admissions.
the ease of set-up lends itself to replication and testing in clinical and cost-effectiveness studies.
further studies are needed to measure the impact of treat on re-admission rates , patient outcomes and satisfaction.
herein , we report for the first time an increase in mda concentrations determined by hplc in human tears based on age.
it is possible that alterations in the tear lipid layer may lead to an increase in lipid peroxidation.
in this sense , it would be interesting to compare mda concentration in tears from control subjects and from people with meibomian gland dysfunction.
one of the main manifestations of vascular aging is the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
the carotenoids are a group of red , orange , or yellow pigmented polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons synthesized by prokaryotes and higher plants.
lycopene , lutein , and other carotenoids have anti-oxidant activity that attenuates the inflammatory atherosclerotic process and delays vascular aging.
this ability improves endothelial function due to the increase in bioavailability of no.
carotenoid consumption also improves the metabolic profile , decreasing the incidence of diabetes , lowering ldl levels , and improving blood pressure control.
the beneficial metabolic effect is translated to improvement in atherosclerosis , which is characterized by a decrease in carotid intima-media thickness.
the favorable anti-atherosclerotic effect of carotenoids was also demonstrated in cross-sectional population studies showing a positive correlation between low carotenoid levels and adverse cardiovascular outcome.
however , carotenoid utilization failed to decrease major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in randomized control double blind trials.
the main still unanswered question is : what is the therapeutic role of carotenoids in atherosclerotic disease ?
is their anti-atherosclerotic effect restricted to primary prevention or can it alter the prognosis of existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ?
genetic causes of hydrocephalus are poorly understood in humans , but animal models suggest a broad genetic program underlying the regulation of csf balance.
ventricular dilation increases in severity over time , becoming fatal at 4-8 weeks of age.
rather , the majority of jhy ( lacz / lacz ) cilia develop axonemes with 9 + 0 or 8 + 2 microtubule structures.
jhy is evolutionarily conserved from humans to basal vertebrates , but the predicted jhy protein lacks identifiable functional domains.
ongoing studies are directed at uncovering the physiological function of jhy and its role in csf homeostasis.
cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic ( eeg ) rhythms are abnormal in subjects with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .
here , we tested the hypothesis that these sources in amnesic mci subjects further deteriorate over @number@ year.
as a control , eeg recordings were also performed in @number@ normal elderly and in @number@ mild alzheimer's disease subjects.
cortical eeg sources were estimated using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.
compared with the normal elderly and mild alzheimer's disease subjects , the mci subjects were characterized by an intermediate power of posterior alpha1 sources.
in the mci subjects , the follow-up eeg recordings showed a decreased power of posterior alpha1 and alpha2 sources.
methods : all hospital admission records between @date@ and @date@ were retrospectively analyzed.
the definition of ie was based on modified duke criteria.
clinical presentation , blood culture , laboratory results , and echocardiography findings were compared between the 1990s and 2000s.
results : there were @number@ patients with definite or probable ie according to modified duke criteria.
the most frequent organism causing ie was streptococcus viridians both in the 1990s and 2000s.
the determinants of in-hospital death were hemodialysis and congestive heart failure.
the in-hospital mortality of ie was @percent@ in the 1990s and @percent@ in the 2000s.
composite events of in-hospital death and central nervous system disorders were significantly higher in the 2000s compared with the 1990s.
conclusion : the most frequent causative organism of ie was s. viridians , both in the 1990s and 2000s.
independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in ie were hemodialysis and congestive heart failure.
though the procedure is rapidly increasing in popularity , limited data is available regarding its use in deformity surgery.
we aimed to evaluate radiographic correction using xlif in adults with degenerative lumbar scoliosis.
thirty consecutive patients were followed for an average of @number@ months.
interbody fusion was completed using the xlif technique with supplemental posterior instrumentation.
plain radiographs were obtained on all patients preoperatively , postoperatively , and at most recent follow-up.
ct scans were obtained for all patients @number@ year after surgery to evaluate for fusion.
there was significant improvement in multiple radiographic parameters from preoperative to postoperative.
segmental lordosis at l4-l5 increased @percent@ and global lordosis increased @percent@.
there was no significant loss of correction from postoperative to most recent follow-up.
there was an @percent@ pseudoarthrosis rate at levels treated with xlif.
xlif significantly improves coronal plane deformity in patients with adult degenerative scoliosis.
xlif has the ability to correct sagittal plane deformity , although it is most effective at lower lumbar levels.
joint coordination was investigated by artificially removing the covariation of each joint's motions with other joints ' motions.
young adults exhibited stronger indices of joint coordination , evidenced by a larger increase in vort after removing joint covariation than for older adults.
the results indicate that interjoint coordination in young adults leads to less hand path variability compared to older adults.
objectives : the authors had for aim to assess the inter- and intra-individual variability of teicoplanin pharmacokinetic parameters in geriatric patients.
conclusions : the results revealed that elderly patients presented significant variability , which was only partly explained by the renal function.
methods : cardiovascular risk factors from participants of beijing epidemiological investigation were analyzed.
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( cfpwv ) was measured by complior system.
three valid snps including rs1053049 , rs1800234 and rs8192678 in the ppar and pparγc1a gene were genotyped by taqman allelic discrimination assays.
there was also no association between haplotypes and the increased arterial stiffness in this cohort.
cognitive impairment is prevalent in heart failure ( hf ) , though substantial variability in the pattern of cognitive impairment is found across studies.
@number@ hf patients completed a neuropsychological battery at baseline , 3-months and 12-months.
participants also completed the beck depression inventory-ii ( bdi-ii ) .
latent class growth analyses revealed a three-class model for attention / executive function , four-class model for memory , and a three-class model for language.
the slope for attention / executive function and language remained stable , while improvements were noted in memory performance.
education and bdi-ii significantly predicted the intercept for attention / executive function and language abilities.
the bdi-ii also predicted baseline memory.
objectives : there is growing evidence for cognitive dysfunction in chronic hemodialysis patients as the age and the prevalence of comorbidities increase in this population.
the aim of the present study was to assess cognitive performance in hemodialysis patients and determine the variables associated with poor cognitive function.
methods : cross-sectional cohort of @number@ maintenance hemodialysis patients in the marrakech area.
cognitive performance was assessed through the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) .
cognitive impairment was defined as a score of less than @number@
univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the variables associated with mmse score.
results : we found that @percent@ of the subjects were cognitively impaired.
conclusion : there is a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among hemodialysis patients and many causative factors have been evoked.
effective identification of this trouble allows adequate psychological interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients.
recent studies have demonstrated that some types of exercise affect the expression and activity of sirtuins in several tissues.
the antioxidant capacity was also determined after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of wses.
the cause and mechanism of development of alzheimer ' s disease ( ad ) remain unexplained.
however , a meta-analysis of published studies suggests a need for reappraisal.
a specific circadian rhythm of cortisol hypersecretion pertains at mild-to-moderate ad stages , entailing increased levels at the circadian peak from a low nadir.
this is in contrast to the continuously elevated levels that are characteristic of other hypercortisolemic states , e.g. cushing ' s disease or major depression.
theoretical implications are discussed in this review.
thus , it is argued that basal hypercortisolemia merits further scrutiny regarding ad causation and development.
the current study provides normative data stratified by estimated quality of education as indexed by irregular word reading skill.
a series of multiple linear regression models were constructed to assess the influence of demographic variables on mean nyu paragraph immediate and delayed recall scores.
results : test version , assessment site , and estimated quality of education were significant predictors of performance on the nyu paragraph recall test.
findings indicate that estimated quality of education is a better predictor of memory performance than ethnicity and years of total education.
normative data stratified according to estimated quality of education are presented.
discussion : the current study provides evidence and support for normativedata stratified by quality of education as opposed to years of education.
we investigated whether saβppα could influence the expression of rack-1 through nf-κb involvement.
our data demonstrate that saβppα regulates rack-1 gene expression through pi3k / akt-dependent pathway , inducing c-rel nuclear translocation and nf-κb activation.
increased patient safety requires interprofessional collaboration , now critical given rising healthcare costs and an aging population with complex and chronic conditions.
one way in which to educate future health care team members about team dynamics is to have them learn through active participation on a team.
during a median follow-up of @number@ years , there were @number@ cases of incident dementia in the participants with complete data.
cox proportional hazard models for competing risks , stratified by sex , were defined to determine risk factors in relation to developing dementia.
even as little as three years of schooling was found to be a significant protective factor against the incidence of dementia only for women.
its clinical effect is clear.
only if different diseases have the same syndrome , the same treatment can be used on them.
replenishing qi and strengthening shen is a widely used method that carries out ' treating different diseases by the same method'.
it is indicated that the method of ' replenishing qi and strengthening shen ' has preferable effects on many diseases.
study objectives : narcolepsy is characterized by instability of sleep-wake , tonus , and rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep regulation.
it is associated with severe hypothalamic hypocretin deficiency , especially in patients with cataplexy ( loss of tonus ) .
design : we measured the frequency of transitions in patients with narcolepsy between sleep-wake states and to / from rem and nrem sleep stages.
patients were subdivided by the presence of + / - cataplexy and + / - hypocretin-1 deficiency.
setting : sleep laboratory studies conducted from 2001-2011.
patients : in total @number@ narcolepsy patients were included in the study.
cataplexy was present in @number@ of @number@ patients and hypocretin-1 deficiency was present in @number@ of @number@ patients.
patients with cataplexy had a significantly higher frequency of sleep-wake transitions ( p = @number@ ) than those without cataplexy.
design : a community-based korean longitudinal study on cognitive aging and dementia and time-synchronized video-polysomnography ( vpsg ) in a laboratory.
setting : sleep laboratory in a university hospital.
participants : @number@ individuals aged @number@ years or older.
subjects with rswa but no abnormal rem sleep behaviors were diagnosed with subclinical rbd.
seven subjects ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) had rbd , three of whom ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) had parkinson disease.
two subjects reported history of sleep-related injury.
an age and sex-adjusted prevalence estimate of rbd and idiopathic rbd in the korean elderly was @percent@ and @percent@.
eighteen subjects were diagnosed with subclinical rbd , and the prevalence of subclinical rbd was estimated to be @percent@.
the clinical significance and long-term progression of subclinical rbd needs to be further explored , given the prevalence and its possible relation to rbd.
the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether these findings extend to subsequent memory effects associated with successful encoding of item-context information.
memory was assessed for the study item and , for items judged old , the item's encoding task.
replicating prior findings , negative item effects in regions of the default mode network in young subjects were reversed in older subjects.
it is concluded that negative item effects do not reflect processes necessary for the successful encoding of item-context associations in older subjects.
this study was conducted to evaluate phagocyte function in patients with age-related chronic inflammatory conditions.
it included @number@ patients with pmr , @number@ with gca , @number@ with eora , and @number@ age-matched hcs.
serum il-8 was determined with a bead array.
the chemotactic capacity , phagocytic ability , and oxidative burst activity of circulating leukocytes were determined with flow cytometry kits.
no correlation was found between circulating il-8 and the migratory capacity of neutrophils.
behavioral evidence suggests that young and older adults show a benefit in source memory accuracy when processing materials in reference to the self.
in the young , activity within the medial prefrontal cortex supports this source memory benefit at study.
in this investigation , we examined whether the same neural regions support this memory benefit in both age groups.
both groups showed equivalent source accuracy benefits for objects encoded self-referentially.
activity in the left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex supported subsequent source memory in both age groups for the self-referenced relative to the other-referenced items.
group ii-vi semiconductor quantum dots ( q-dots ) have found various applications in biomedical field during last decade.
cs formation was confirmed by red shift as well as enhancement in the luminescence peak compared to bare q-dots.
processing parameters such as core and sulfur concentrations were optimized at maximum luminescence efficiency during the shell preparation.
effects of dialysis , aging and cell culture medium on the properties of the q-dots and cs were also studied by luminescence and dls techniques.
these results indicate that mir-29b inhibits intestinal mucosal growth by repressing cdk2 translation.
they were recruited as part of a longitudinal study and completed questionnaires reported here at the 18-month data collection time point.
results : veterans report higher sleepiness than normal controls.
self-reported sleepiness scores are similar to those of patients who have been diagnosed with sleep disturbances.
conclusions : interventions to identify and support aging veterans with perceived sleepiness should be developed and carefully evaluated.
impaired olfaction has been described as an early symptom in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
neuroanatomical changes underlying this deficit in the olfactory system are largely unknown.
in addition , beta-amyloid ( aβ ) expression and its correlation with som cells have been quantified under confocal microscopy.
material and methods : forty-eight extracted molars were prepared by use of a standardized preparation design.
statistical assessment was performed by use of spss @number@
for aged crowns with d = @number@ mm wall thickness , load to failure was significantly lower than for the others.
however , differences between crowns with d = @number@ mm and d = @number@ mm wall thickness were not significant.
for this reason , air filtration in hematooncology units has been recommended.
however , scarce literature has assessed the impact of microbiological air quality on the occurrence of fungal infections in this population.
however , no randomized clinical trial was found to confirm this suggestion.
rate of cure was also measured for these four irradiation times at composite specimen surface and at @number@ mm depth.
alcohol aging significantly reduced the mechanical properties.
aging in saliva produced a positive effect on micro-mechanical properties.
irradiation time should be at least @number@ s to yield favorable mechanical properties.
one hundred and fifty teeth were randomly divided into five main groups according to surface conditioning procedures.
samples were aged by thermocycling and water bath.
afterwards , they were immersed in basic fuchsin solution for @number@ h and bucco-lingual sections were obtained from each tooth.
digital images were taken using a stereo-microscope and the microleakage and unfilled area proportions were assessed by using a software system.
consequently , aegis fs containing amorphous calcium phosphate was found to exhibit the lowest microleakage in all surface conditioning procedures.
unfilled areas were not detected in groups c and e of all fss.
the need for domiciliary dental care has increased with the aging of japanese society.
in the logistic regression analysis , a significant odds ratio was obtained for the same items , excluding age.
attendance at training on medical or domiciliary dental care for the elderly in need of nursing care had the highest odds ratio.
those who attended any kind of training course implemented domiciliary dental care significantly more often.
traditionally , education on domiciliary dental care in the elderly is not provided at the college level.
the present results indicate the importance of educating students with regard to the unique challenges such work poses.
attending seminars hosted by the tokyo dental association also significantly influenced implementation of domiciliary dental care.
this indicates the need for dental associations to provide such training throughout japan.
background : cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among patients with end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
arterial stiffness is an independent predictive parameter of overall and cardiovascular mortality in these patients.
however , the defined procedures for the measurement of arterial stiffness are time consuming and not practical in daily practice.
there were no significant differences in apv and pwv between the pd and hd patients.
conclusion : arterial stiffness is an important indicator of atherosclerosis and arterial aging in patients with esrd.
the measurement of apv is an easy and practical new echocardiographic method and may be used to identify arterial stiffness in these patients.
loss-of-function mutations in the katp channel genes kcnj11 and abcc8 cause neonatal hyperinsulinism in humans.
dominantly inherited mutations cause less severe disease , which may progress to glucose intolerance and diabetes in later life ( e.g. , sur1-e1506k ) .
we generated a mouse expressing sur1-e1506k in place of sur1.
as a consequence , mutant β-cells showed less on-cell katp channel activity and fired action potentials in glucose-free solution.
these changes correlated with a lower insulin content ; unlike wild-type or hete1506k mice , insulin content did not increase with age in home1506k mice.
there was no difference in the number and size of islets or β-cells in the three types of mice , or evidence of β-cell proliferation.
to determine the position of the longevity gene , additional genetic markers data are needed.
we have studied the properties of the model with two longevity genes located on the same and on different chromosomes using simulated data sets.
we followed @number@ members of the framingham offspring cohort who were free of t2d at baseline from @number@ to @number@
diabetes was defined by either elevated fasting glucose ( ≥7.0 mmol / l ) or initiation of hypoglycemic medication during follow-up.
dietary intakes of @number@ flavonoid classes and total flavonoids were assessed using a validated , semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
we observed @number@ incident cases of t2d during a mean follow-up period of @number@ y ( range @date@ @number@ y ) .
no other associations between flavonoid classes and risk of t2d were observed.
our observations support previous experimental evidence of a possible beneficial relationship between increased flavonol intake and risk of t2d.
we also tested whether the ε2 allele was associated with disadvantages in early adulthood but offered protection against cognitive decline in early old age.
eight-year cognitive change was assessed in @number@ cognitively normal community-dwelling adults aged 20-24 , 40-44 , or 60-64 years at baseline.
objective : to describe the public health impact of osteoporosis including the magnitude of the problem and important consequences of osteoporotic fractures.
methods : literature review of key references selected by author.
results : current demographic trends leading to an increased number of individuals surviving past age @number@ will result in an increased number of osteoporotic fractures.
important consequences of osteoporotic fractures include an increased mortality that for hip fractures extends to @number@ years after the fracture.
increased mortality risk also extends to major and minor fractures , especially , in those over @number@ years.
hip and vertebral fractures have important functional consequences and reductions in quality of life.
the economic impact of osteoporotic fractures is large and growing.
significant health care resources are required for all fractures.
conclusions : to alleviate the public and private burden of osteoporosis related fractures , assessment of risk and reduction of individual risk is critical.
our objective was to quantify the risk of gait decline and disability associated with the apoe ε4 allele in aging.
main outcomes were gait speed decline ( cm / s / year ) and incident disability.
results : apoe ε4 allele frequency was @percent@.
associations of the ε4 allele with study outcomes remained significant even after accounting for several potential confounders including vascular and cognitive status.
the strength of the associations was stronger in the white subgroup.
conclusion : this preliminary report suggests that the apoe ε4 allele is associated with increased risk of gait speed decline and disability in older men.
background : the effects of bed rest on the dysregulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism have not been addressed in the older population.
objective : we examined the effect of @number@ days of bed rest on fatty acid kinetics and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in aging.
results : body weight , % body fat , and energy metabolism did not change with bed rest.
insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production was modest prior to bed rest and was further reduced ( > 15% ± @percent@ ) by bed rest.
objective : to determine whether anemia is associated with incident dementia in older adults.
discrete time cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the hazard for developing dementia associated with anemia.
results : of @number@ participants , @number@ ( @percent@ ) older adults had anemia at baseline [ corrected ] .
over @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants developed dementia.
the association remained significant after adjusting for demographics , apoe ε4 , baseline 3ms score , comorbidities , and renal function.
there was no interaction by sex and race on risk of developing dementia.
conclusion : among older adults , anemia is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia.
findings suggest that further study of anemia as a risk factor for dementia and a target for intervention for cognitive health is warranted.
these alterations are closely related to the increased mortality and morbidity rates observed in this population.
however , the role of exercise on the prevention or treatment of immunosenescence is virtually unknown.
methods : a total of @number@ females were included and randomized into two groups.
end points for skin moisture , skin elasticity , wrinkle reduction , skin compactness and skin appearance were measured.
results : the results show that subjects taking cynatine ( ® ) hns showed statistically significant improvements in their skin when compared with placebo.
conclusion : cynatine ( ® ) hns is an effective supplement for improving skin in @number@ days or less.
age-related metastatic mineralization of soft tissues has been considered a passive and spontaneous process.
recent data have demonstrated that calcium salt deposition in soft tissues could be a highly regulated process.
different mechanisms underlying calcium apatite accumulation are explored with these age-related disorders.
in the case of atherosclerotic plaques , oxy-lipids trigger release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation that activate calcification processes in aorta intimae.
calcification could affect extracellular matrix along with vsmcs.
collagen is a major component of extracellular matrix and its modifications accumulate with age.
the formation of cross-links between collagen fibers is regulated by the action of lysine hydroxylases and lysyl oxidase and could occur spontaneously.
applying strategies for clearing the ages proposed by de grey may be more difficult in the highly mineralized extracellular matrix.
follow-up examinations were performed three times with 7-year intervals.
medical records were reviewed for dates of cataract surgery and glaucoma treatment.
if cataract surgery was included in the model , no significant change in iop over time was found.
the mean iop in women was @number@ mmhg higher than in men ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : a small but statistically significant increase in iop with age was detected when excluding eyes that had undergone cataract surgery.
pex was associated with a higher iop and cataract extraction with a lower.
method : a qualitative approach and the principles of narrative research were used to learn as much as possible about the individuals ' stories.
a focus group of five men was interviewed and two women were interviewed as a pair.
age-related social and financial changes and society's perception of older people may also present challenges to condition management.
background : older adults often use complementary medicine ; however , very few interventional studies have focused on them.
methods : the study consisted of older adults living in shared apartment communities including caregiving.
the shared apartments were cluster-randomized to the im program or usual care ( uc ) .
the uc group received conventional care alone.
exploratory effect sizes ( cohen's d , means adjusted for differences of baseline values ) were calculated to analyze group differences.
smaller or no effects were observed for all other outcomes.
the intervention itself was found to be feasible , but elaborate and time consuming.
the results have to be interpreted with care ; larger confirmatory trials are necessary to validate the effects.
methods : a total of @number@ elderly chinese patients with ckd were enrolled.
the gfr was estimated with six modified gfr prediction formulae.
the performances of the estimated gfrs were compared with those of the standard gfrs measured by technetium-99m acid.
conclusion : our findings suggest that all six modified formulae developed in asian populations may show great bias in elderly chinese patients with ckd.
also , our study suggests the need for uniform measures for the assessment of ckd in the elderly to guarantee better sensitivity and specificity.
a hallmark feature of cognitive aging is a decline in the ability to form new memories.
parallel to these cognitive impairments are marked disruptions in sleep physiology.
obesity is a long-term source of cellular stress that predisposes to chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism for cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components.
the identification of early cellular mechanisms in the advent of obesity- and diabetes-related renal complications could afford avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and cerebral deposition of proteins with altered physicochemical properties.
the major proteins are amyloid-β ( aβ ) , tau , α-synuclein , and tdp-43.
the number of observed pathologies correlated with ad-neuropathologic change ( p < @number@ ) .
non-ad neurodegenerative pathologies and their combinations have been underestimated , but are frequent in reality as demonstrated here.
this should be considered in diagnostic evaluation of biomarkers , and for better clinical stratification of patients.
patients and methods : one hundred pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated using a high-resolution 3-t imaging protocol.
different morphological parameters including shape , size , and symmetry were evaluated.
the appearance and shape of the caudate tail were classified into nodular , linear , or imperceptible.
the location and relation of the caudate tail to the temporal horn and adjacent brain parenchyma were categorized.
relationships between age , gender , shape , location , side , and the cross-sectional area of the caudate tail were investigated.
results : the caudate tail was imperceptible in @number@ % , had a nodular shape in @number@ % , and was flat in @number@ %.
there was asymmetry of the caudate tail between the two sides in @number@ % of subjects.
the mean cross-sectional area of the caudate tail was constant across ages despite the varied age range of the subjects.
there was no difference in overall mean cross-sectional area of the caudate tail between the two sides.
conclusion : there is a wide variation in the appearance of the caudate tail adjacent to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.
identification of anatomical variation of the caudate tail may prevent potential diagnostic pitfalls , especially with respect to subependymal heterotopia.
objective : we examined the association between hba1c level and self-reported severe hypoglycemia in patients with type @number@ diabetes.
the main exposure of interest was the last hba1c level collected in the year preceding the observation period.
we also tested whether the hba1c-hypoglycemia association differed across potential effect modifiers ( age , diabetes duration , and category of diabetes medication ) .
across hba1c levels , rates of hypoglycemia were @date@ @percent@.
age , diabetes duration , and category of diabetes medication did not significantly modify the hba1c-hypoglycemia relationship.
conclusions : severe hypoglycemia was common among patients with type @number@ diabetes across all levels of glycemic control.
risk tended to be higher in patients with either near-normal glycemia or very poor glycemic control.
skeletal muscle biopsies require transecting the muscle fibers resulting , in structural damage near the cut ends.
however , these methods require invasive surgical procedures.
due to the small size of the sample , tpnb may present limited usefulness for classical pathology diagnostics.
however , it offers the major advantage of allowing multiple samples within a single session and this may be useful under specific circumstances.
dementia is increasingly being recognized in cases of parkinson's disease ( pd ) ; such cases are termed pd dementia ( pdd ) .
after @number@ years of development of hospital medicine in chile , there are several benefits of this discipline.
the following is a detailed and evidence-based article , on how hospital medicine might benefit both the public and prívate healthcare systems in chile.
objective : to investigate the association between visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure and cognitive function in old age ( > 70 years ) .
design : prospective cohort study.
participants : @number@ participants , mean age @number@ years , who were at risk of cardiovascular disease.
blood pressure was measured every three months during an average of @number@ years.
visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure was defined as the standard deviation of blood pressure measurements between visits.
main outcome measures : four domains of cognitive function , testing selective attention , processing speed , and immediate and delayed memory.
in a magnetic resonance imaging substudy of @number@ participants , structural brain volumes , cerebral microbleeds , infarcts , and white matter hyperintensities were measured.
all associations were adjusted for average blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors.
conclusion : higher visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure independent of average blood pressure was associated with impaired cognitive function in old age.
background : the stopp criteria advise against the use of long-acting benzodiazepines ( lbs ) .
time to the first fall after inclusion and number of falls in the first year after inclusion were the primary endpoints.
lbs were not significantly associated with time to first fall , hr @number@ ( @number@.85-2.31 ) and hr @number@ ( @number@.72-1.62 ) .
lbs were not significantly associated with number of falls , or @number@ ( @number@.96-1.57 ) and @number@ ( @number@.82-1.48 ) .
conclusions : the use of sbs is not associated with a lower fall risk compared with lbs.
the use of both sbs and lbs by old persons should be strongly discouraged.
advancing age is associated with an increase in physical impairment , functional limitations , disability , and loss of independence.
regular physical activity conveys health benefits , but the yield on physical function in the elderly , is less clear.
current exercise guidelines are focused predominantly on aerobic programs despite evidence that age-associated declines are mediated by peripheral tissue changes.
rsts is designed to deliver a localized stimulus to the peripheral vasculature , bone and muscle , without imposing a significant central cardiorespiratory strain.
the guiding hypothesis is that the magnitude of adaptation after @number@ weeks will be greatest in those initially randomized to rsts.
background : high levels of homocysteine have been associated with increased risk for dementia although results have been inconsistent.
there are no reported studies from the developing world including africa.
homocysteine levels were divided into quartiles for each site.
for the african americans , there was a similar but non-significant relationship between higher homocysteine levels and dementia risk.
in patients with stably restored immunity , ks remained significantly more frequent than in the general population.
the study presents a 3d method for subdividing a trabecular network into horizontal and vertical oriented bone.
the bone samples were μct scanned and the 3d microstructure was quantified.
a voxel based algorithm inspecting the local neighborhood is presented and used to segment the trabecular network into horizontal and vertical oriented bone.
for both women and men bv / tv decreased significantly with age , tb.th was independent of age , while smi increased significantly with age.
vertical ( bv.vert / tv ) and horizontal ( bv.horz / tv ) bone volume fraction decreased significantly with age for both sexes.
bv.vert / tv decreased significantly faster with age for women than for men.
finally , the age-related loss of trabecular elements appeared to result in a compensatory hypertrophy of vertical trabeculae in women , but not in men.
design and methods : we engaged in content analysis of activity measures of 5u.s. public use data sets with nationally representative samples of older adults.
two waves of each data set were analyzed.
importantly , clearer conceptual models of activity broadly conceived are required to guide this work.
most aspects of mammalian function display circadian rhythms driven by an endogenous clock.
however , with the industrialization of the world , activities that disrupt endogenous homeostasis with external circadian cues have increased.
this change in lifestyle has been linked to an increased risk of diseases in all aspects of human health , including cancer.
the clock controls these cellular functions both locally in cells of peripheral tissues and at the organismal level via extracellular signaling.
thus , the hierarchical mammalian circadian clock provides a unique system to study carcinogenesis as a deregulated physiological process in vivo.
the asynchrony between host and malignant tissues in cell proliferation and metabolism also provides new and exciting options for novel anticancer therapies.
sepsis represents the host's systemic inflammatory response to a severe infection.
it causes substantial human morbidity resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.
despite decades of intense research , the basic mechanisms still remain elusive.
variations in age , gender , and medical comorbidities including diabetes and renal failure create additional complexity that influence the outcomes in septic patients.
specific system-based alterations , such as the coagulopathy observed in sepsis , offer both potential insight and possible therapeutic targets.
intracellular stress induces changes in the endoplasmic reticulum yielding misfolded proteins that contribute to the underlying pathophysiological changes.
with these multiple changes it is difficult to precisely classify an individual's response in sepsis as proinflammatory or immunosuppressed.
this heterogeneity also may explain why most therapeutic interventions have not improved survival.
given the complexity of sepsis , biomarkers and mathematical models offer potential guidance once they have been carefully validated.
this review discusses each of these important factors to provide a framework for understanding the complex and current challenges of managing the septic patient.
clinical trial failures and the therapeutic interventions that have proven successful are also discussed.
here , we found that sirt6 was predominantly expressed in neuronal cells throughout the entire brain.
the reduced expression of sirt6 via treatment with sirt6 sirna dramatically enhanced the ogd-induced release of hmgb1 in sh-sy5y cells.
together , our data suggest that sirt6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for hmgb1-mediated inflammation after cerebral ischemia.
a multidisciplinary analysis restricted to validated reports was applied to the cause and management of irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular formation and subsequent diverticulitis.
both irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular formation and subsequent diverticulitis have worsened in recent years owing to excessive dietary fiber intake.
background : there is currently no validated questionnaire available to assess total sedentary time in older adults.
most studies only used tv viewing time as an indicator of sedentary time.
the second aim was to determine what set of self-reported sedentary activities should be used to validly rank people's total sedentary time.
finally we tested the reliability of our newly developed questionnaire using the best performing set of sedentary activities.
spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the association between self-reported time and objective sedentary time.
the test-retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) .
the test-retest reliability of the sum of six sedentary activities was @number@ ( @percent@ ci @number@.57-0.81 ) .
the minimal number of the sebaceous glands was observed in children.
this index rapidly increased thereafter , reaching a peak at @number@ years , then gradually decreased.
these parameters correlated with the sebaceous gland size , sebocyte proliferative activity and total blood testosterone level.
in older men the size of the sebaceous glands was increased.
background : fall-related injuries associated with aging are a serious clinical and economic problem.
this study investigated the effects of the fdms regimen with the wun-jo trainer on measures of strength , flexibility , and balance in older individuals.
data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance , with statistical significance set at the p ≤ @number@ confidence level.
results : sit and reach test scores significantly increased ( @percent@ ) from baseline to week @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
both left-lateral ( p = @number@ ) and right-lateral ( p = @number@ ) functional reach scores improved.
grip strength increased in both the left ( @percent@ ) and right ( @percent@ ) hands ( p < @number@ for each ) .
time to complete the ten-repetition chair stand decreased significantly ( @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
the 8-feet walk time also significantly decreased ( @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
fdms training provides an alternative to traditional exercise and offers an effective strategy to increase functional ability in the elderly.
such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is an evolutionary puzzle of enduring interest because it should be inherently disadvantageous.
furthermore , comparative data on reproductive senescence from other primates , or indeed other mammals , remains relatively rare.
in four of seven primate species we found that reproductive senescence occurred before death only in a small minority of individuals.
methods : the primary outcome measure for intervention with lonafarnib was to assess increase over pretherapy in estimated annual rate of weight gain.
in this study , neurologic signs and symptoms were compared pre- and posttreatment with lonafarnib.
results : twenty-six participants were treated for a minimum of @number@ years.
frequency of clinical strokes , headaches , and seizures was reduced from pretrial rates.
one patient with a history of stroke died due to large-vessel hemispheric stroke after @number@ months on treatment.
headache prevalence and frequency were reduced.
four patients exhibited pretherapy seizures and no patients experienced recurrent or new-onset seizures.
conclusions : this study provides preliminary evidence that lonafarnib therapy may improve neurologic status of children with hgps.
to address this question , we have incorporated prospective neuroimaging and neurologic assessments as measures in subsequent studies involving children with hgps.
the cbe-out is composed of @number@ items that can be recorded when present in the evaluated environment.
the total number of completed cbe-out checklists was @number@ ( finland , @number@ poland , @number@ and spain , @number@ ) .
mean global score for our sample is @number@ suggesting an environment composed both of facilitating and hindering features.
significant differences were observed in the built environment features of the three countries and in particular between finland and the other two.
the assessment of features of built environment is crucial when thinking about ageing and enhanced participation.
the identities of the enzymes responsible for these activities in whole blood of neonates have been defined in this study and contrasted to adult blood.
newborn blood plasma demonstrates substantially higher adenosine-generating @number@'-nt and ap activity and lower adenosine-metabolizing ada activity than adult plasma.
plasma samples from infant observational cohorts reveal a relative plasma ada deficiency at birth , followed by a gradual maturation of plasma ada through infancy.
overall , we have characterized previously unrecognized age-dependent expression patterns of plasma purine-metabolizing enzymes that result in elevated plasma concentrations of anti-inflammatory adenosine in newborns.
targeted manipulation of purine-metabolizing enzymes may benefit this vulnerable population.
we aimed to determine the potential use of pro-sftpb for distinguishing lung cancer cases from matched controls as a risk marker.
methods : study subjects were drawn from the longitudinal physicians ' health study ( phs ) .
cases ( n = @number@ ) included individuals who were cancer-free at study enrollment but developed lung cancer during follow-up.
controls ( n = @number@ ) were subjects who did not develop lung cancer.
cases and controls were matched on date of study enrollment , age at enrollment , and smoking status and amount.
baseline plasma samples drawn at enrollment were analyzed for pro-sftpb using elisa to detect differences in protein expression levels for cases and controls.
results : pro-sftpb nondetectable status was significantly associated with lung cancer risk [ or = @number@ @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) @number@.24-27.48 ] .
sirtuins are nad ( + ) -dependent protein deacetylases that regulate metabolism and aging processes and are considered to be attractive therapeutic targets.
most available sirtuin modulators are little understood mechanistically , hindering their improvement.
srt1720 was initially described as an activator of human sirt1 , but it also potently inhibits human sirt3.
here , the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of sirt3 by srt1720 is described.
these results reveal a novel sirtuin inhibitor binding site and mechanism , and provide a structural basis for compound improvement.
background : a harmonious and youthful appearing neckline is arguably the most vital aspect of a successful facial rejuveation.
without sound principles , the neck appears skeletonized , tethered , and hollow.
the anatomical studies that the authors have performed regarding the neck , jowl , and subplatysmal elements have influenced the techniques that they now use.
methods : in this article , the authors apply their anatomical research and cadaveric studies to demonstrate and support their neck-lift techniques.
the authors integrate their knowledge to describe how the technique of one of the senior authors ( r.j.r. ) has evolved over time.
these five steps ensure correction of jowling , a smooth jawline , and a well-shaped neck.
conclusions : the five-step neck lift helps to optimize results in creating the ideal neck contour.
the authors provide four points that should be considered in any neck-lift procedure.
the end result is a well-defined , well-contoured neck , with an approach grounded in sound anatomical principles.
importance : peripheral glucose homeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
the relationship among diabetes mellitus , insulin , and ad is an important area of investigation.
setting : prospective , serially assessed cohort of community-dwelling subjects.
cohort @number@ consisted of @number@ living subjects who had @number@ or more ogtts and underwent brain 11c-pib positron emission tomography.
exposures : autopsy and 11c-pib positron emission tomography.
thirty subjects with frank diabetes mellitus who received medications also had ad pathology scores that were similar to those of the cohort as a whole.
long-term therapeutic trials are important to elucidate this issue.
method : using real-time pcr , mtdna quantification was analyzed in unfertilized oocytes and uncleaved embryos.
the size of the ovum was also assessed by calculating the ooplasmic volume at the time of granulosa cell removal for ivf or icsi.
we calculated the cytoplasmic volume of the blastomeres.
the larger ooplasmic volume was also associated with earlier and more rapid cleavage ( p < @number@ ) .
the ooplasmic volume was also significantly larger in the group achieving pregnancy.
conclusions : we have shown that blastomere volume is directly proportional to the number of mtdna copies.
therefore , larger cytoplasmic volume , with earlier cleavage speed , implies more mtdna copies.
evaluation of mtdna quantification and the measurement of ooplasmic and blastomere volume may be useful for selection of high quality embryo and pregnancy outcome.
the full strain tensor of the outer scleral surface was calculated directly from the displacement field.
mechanical tensile strain in the peripapillary sclera is significantly higher than the strain in the sclera farther away from the onh.
overall , strains in the peripapillary sclera decrease significantly with age.
overall , peripapillary scleral structural stiffness increases significantly with age.
the sectorial pattern of peripapillary scleral strain reverses with age , which may predispose adjacent regions of the lamina cribrosa to biomechanical insult.
time-series microarrays were performed on mouse cartilage tissue to identify genes expressed in a circadian manner.
rhythmic genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using mouse tissue , primary chondrocytes , and a human chondrocyte cell line.
results : mouse cartilage tissue and a human chondrocyte cell line were found to contain intrinsic molecular circadian clocks.
the cartilage clock could be reset by temperature signals , while the circadian period was temperature compensated.
per2 : : luc bioluminescence demonstrated that circadian oscillations were significantly lower in amplitude in cartilage from aged mice.
this included genes involved in cartilage homeostasis and survival , as well as genes with potential importance in the pathogenesis of oa.
several clock genes were disrupted in the early stages of cartilage degeneration in the dmm mouse model of oa.
conclusion : these results reveal an autonomous circadian clock in chondrocytes that can be implicated in key aspects of cartilage biology and pathology.
consequently , circadian disruption ( e.g. , during aging ) may compromise tissue homeostasis and increase susceptibility to joint damage or disease.
here we conducted three experiments to investigate whether the survival advantage also occurs for healthy older adults.
we then tested two additional samples of older adults using a between- ( exp.
@number@ ) or within- ( exp.
@number@ ) subjects design , but still found no evidence of the survival advantage in this age group.
however , the predictive validity of these tools is questionable.
objective : to examine the predictive power of the tmt for on-road driving performance.
methods : data from a prospective sample of ci and healthy older drivers were collected.
receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curve analysis was used to assess overall ' diagnostic ' accuracy of tmt-a and -b for driving competency.
cut points from previous studies / guidelines were used to assess predictive power.
all predictor variables , with the exception of tmt-a errors , were significantly correlated with driving outcome.
however , results from roc curve analyses indicated that only tmt-a and -b total time had moderate discriminative abilities.
how does the brain support these age-related improvements ?
here we used structural mri to measure cortical thickness.
we found significant associations between reductions in cortical thickness and age-related improvements in performance on both working memory and cognitive control tasks.
these data add to our growing understanding of how structural maturation of the brain supports vast behavioral changes in executive functions observed across childhood.
background : studies linking low serum testosterone concentration to adverse clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients have been relatively small.
we investigated the role of testosterone in adverse outcomes and quality of life in an incident cohort of male canadian hemodialysis patients.
study design : a prospectively designed multicenter observational study using data from the canadian kidney disease cohort study ( ckdcs ) .
measurements : participants completed a structured interview on demographics and medical history and an hui questionnaire ( version @number@ ) .
routine laboratory test results captured into the study database , and serum testosterone measured within @number@ months after initiation of the baseline hemodialysis session.
mean serum testosterone level was @number@ ± @number@ ( sd ) ng / dl.
there was a statistically significant trend for higher all-cause mortality with low serum testosterone levels in adjusted analyses ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no significant interaction with age and serum testosterone level tested as continuous variables ( p = @number@ ) .
limitations : a short follow-up period and serum testosterone measured on a single occasion.
conclusions : low serum testosterone concentration may be a modifiable risk factor for adverse outcomes and poor quality of life in male hemodialysis patients.
this hypothesis should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
ectopic lipid accumulation is now known to be a mechanism that contributes to organ injury in the context of metabolic diseases.
in muscle and liver , accumulation of lipids impairs insulin signaling.
this hypothesis accounts for the mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity , type @number@ diabetes , aging and lipodystrophy.
here , we provide a perspective by defining the problem and analyzing the possible causes and consequences.
further human studies are required to strengthen these observations , and provide novel therapeutic approaches.
background : greater muscle mass can generally produce greater muscle strength.
however , whether higher muscle mass is associated with higher muscle quality ( muscle strength relative to muscle mass ) remains unknown.
furthermore , the nature of this relationship , and how their interaction determines the presence of functional impairments are unknown.
this article aims to address these issues.
methods : secondary data analysis including @number@ women aged @number@ years and older of the toulouse épidemiologie de l'osteoporose cohort study.
body composition ( dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ) , handgrip , and knee extension strength were assessed.
physical function was measured using the chair stand test as well as the usual and fast gait speed tests.
participants were also asked if they experienced any difficulty in performing functional tasks.
conclusions : this inverse relationship between muscle mass and quality implies that sarcopenic individuals have better muscle quality than nonsarcopenic individuals.
results also suggest that high muscle quality may compensate for low asmi with respect to functional impairments.
physical activity may potentially be involved in this relationship.
no evidence for deficits in neuropsychological performance was found in the aging group of displaced people with ptsd.
moreover , no group difference emerged in the offspring groups.
findings may be interpreted as first evidence for a rather resilient ptsd group of older adults that is available for assessment @number@ years after displacement.
recent investigations report a higher risk of motor symptoms in females with the fmr1 premutation ( pm-carriers ) than has hitherto been appreciated.
here we examined basic sensorimotor and postural control under different sensory and attentional dual-task demands.
multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating role of cgg-repeat length on the relation between age and postural sway under dual-task interference.
significantly , these findings showed age- and genetically-modulated changes in dual-task postural displacement in the medio-lateral direction in female pm-carriers.
this , in turn , may increase risk of falling.
methods : the handrail and cueing system was mounted on a large ( @number@ m×6 m ) motion platform configured to simulate a real-life environment.
to prevent adaptation , each subject performed only one trial , and a deception was used to ensure that the perturbation was truly unexpected.
each subject was assigned to one of four cue conditions : visual , verbal , multimodal ( visual-plus-verbal ) or no cue.
subjects were otherwise much more likely to grasp the rail in reaction to the perturbation.
conclusions : the results support the viability of using unimodal verbal cueing to reduce fall risk by increasing proactive handrail use.
further study is needed to evaluate effects of handrail cueing in a wide range of populations and real-life settings.
objective : to compare the detectability of the different auditory evoked responses in patients with retrocochlear lesion.
on the other hand , clear assfs could be observed only in one patient.
significance : combined assessment with several different evoked responses may be useful to evaluate the disease conditions of patients with retrocochlear lesions.
in response to a balance disturbance , older individuals often require multiple steps to prevent a fall.
eighty-one healthy , community dwelling adults aged 70±3 participated.
loss of balance was induced by releasing participants from a static forward lean.
participants performed four trials at three initial lean magnitudes and were subsequently classified as single or multiple steppers.
these data suggest that compared to multiple steppers , single steppers recruit a larger proportion of the available motor unit pool during balance recovery.
thus , modulation of emg amplitude plays a larger role in balance recovery than emg timing in this context.
all the patients were female , aging from @number@ to @number@ years with a median of @number@ years.
the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was comprehensively evaluated based on recist @number@ and miller-payne grading system.
spss @number@ was used for statistical analysis.
the higher histological grade were correlated with pcr statistically ( z = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be predicted.
the histological grade and the immunohistochemistry results of ki67 and p53 are related to pcr of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer.
basal-like breast cancer had a higher pcr statistically.
cr , although similar to ed in the target of longevity , mildly reduces the total daily calorie intake while concurrently providing all beneficial nutrients.
changes in cognitive functioning are said to be part of normal aging.
these results suggest that wm integrity and hippocampal volume influence cognitive decline independently on tasks involving processing speed and executive function independent of age.
during the fifth and sixth decades of life , the production of mlt diminishes , concurrently with an increase in the incidence of breast cancer.
serum mlt levels were measured in both the light and dark phases.
in young rats , the nocturnal pineal gland mlt content exceeded daytime levels by 19-fold compared to a sevenfold increase in old mice.
this understanding means that we can act to prevent cancer by means of efficiently monitoring and maintenance of physiological hormonal values.
for the cyclic synthesis of malignancies that are metastasized , a means of xenogeneic bone marrow transplantation is proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach.
tecs synthesize thymulin peptide that is required for t-cell differentiation and maturation within the thymus gland.
zinc is also required for the biological action of arginine , via nitric oxide pathway.
these findings suggest that zinc , via mt buffering , can be a single mediator in modulating neuroendocrine-thymus interaction in ageing.
thus , the famous ( infamous ) stromboli cocktail will be brought up to date.
second , longevity statistics will be reviewed : why do the most scientifically advanced countries have such low ( comparatively ) life expectancies ?
what can we expect in the future ?
will the human species outlive the cockroach ?
can we expect to get closer to that theoretical asymptote of @number@ years of human life ?
will this ceiling ever be lifted ?
finally , we offer two vital challenges to scientists of today.
it has been suggested that arterial stiffness is one of the most important risk factors for the development of a cardiac infarction or stroke.
this study demonstrates the effects of quinton's isotonic and hypertonic solution on mononuclear cells of peripheral blood.
evidence suggests that the body uses autoantibodies to prevent disease and to self-treat diseases once started.
this suggests a potential therapeutic role for autoantibodies , or , even better , a way to use them to prevent disease.
their capacity to remove aged , damaged cells is well established.
once bound , igg triggers the removal of the senescent cells by macrophages.
band @number@ is altered primarily by oxidation , which in turn generates sca.
these studies demonstrated that oxidation can generate neoantigens that the immune system will recognize.
band @number@ isoforms are ubiquitous : they have been found in all mammalian cells and species so far examined.
the innate immune response to band @number@ membrane proteins , and their regulation of cellular lifespan and therapeutic potential will be presented.
astrocytes and microglia are the key players in neuroinflammatory responses , by secreting an array of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines , anti-oxidant and neurotrophic factors.
here , the contribution of astrocytes and their ability to influence daergic neurodegeneration , neuroprotection and neurorepair will be discussed.
concurrently , there is a progressive decline in self-recognition.
tf protects hepatocytes against fas-induced cell death by reducing bid cleavage , inhibiting caspase-3 and @number@ activation and up-regulating survival signals such as bcl-xl.
we established a murine model of thymic involution induced by stereotactically placed electrolytic lesions in the anterior hypothalamic area.
the events observed in this model mimic those observed during senescence including thymus involution , i.e. enhanced glucocorticoid reaction to distress , and obesity.
a very small tripeptide amide ( l-php , thyrotropin-releasing hormone , trh ) , was first identified in the brain hypothalamus area.
further studies found that l-php was expressed in pancreas.
the biological role of pancreatic l-php is still not clear.
growing evidence indicates that l-php expression in the pancreas may play a pivotal role for pancreatic development in the early prenatal period.
however , the role of l-php in adult pancreas still needs to be explored.
l-php receptor type-1 has been identified in pancreas which provides a possibility for l-php autocrine and paracrine regulation in pancreatic function.
l-php has recently been discovered to affect a broad array of gene expression in the pancreas including growth factor genes.
these effects suggest that l-php may benefit pancreatic β cells and diabetic therapy in clinic.
over the last four decades , animal and cell culture studies have shown that sex steroids can have protective effects on the ageing brain.
limited short-term positive effects ( 2-4 months ) of oestrogen treatment were found in women without ( as well as with ) dementia.
in older men , most studies reported higher bioavailable testosterone levels to be associated with better cognitive function.
other studies have reported optimal testosterone levels for better global cognitive function and a reduced risk of cognitive decline.
in older women , this association ( of testosterone with cognition ) is less clear.
small studies reported some benefits of testosterone treatment in combination with oestrogen on cognition , although these were of short duration.
several observational studies , on the other hand , found negative associations between high testosterone levels and worse cognitive function in older women.
age , health status , duration of treatment and sex may thus modify effects of longer-term elevated sex steroid levels on brain function.
the sample consisted of @number@ participants ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) from @number@ to @number@ years of age.
working memory accounted for only a small proportion of the variance in all spatial tasks and had no effect on spatial self-assessments.
relative to being with other people , time spent alone was associated with lower positive affect in the oldest-old.
being with other family members and friends was associated with more positive affective experiences.
compared with men , women reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than when their spouses were not present.
individuals with more chronic health problems reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than not.
participants higher in neuroticism reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their friends , compared with times when their friends were not present.
finally , lonelier individuals reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their spouses than when they were not.
these findings suggest that affective experience is a function of individual differences and the type of social partners oldest-old adults interact with in everyday life.
method : the panel data are from two waves of the norwegian study of the life course , ageing and generations.
our sample consists of @number@ people aged 40-80 at baseline who were surveyed in 2002-2003 ( t1 ) and 2007-2008 ( t2 ) .
results : adverse childhood events were associated with loneliness by both men and women.
in the older group , men's loneliness was related to having been bullied , and conflicts between parents.
women's loneliness was related to economic problems in their childhood family.
among those aged 60-80 , the partner's death was a stronger predictor of the incidence of loneliness among men than among women.
proteins , widely studied as potential biomarkers , play important roles in numerous physiological functions and diseases.
genetic variation may modulate corresponding protein levels and point to the role of these variants in disease pathophysiology.
linear regression analysis detected @number@ significant ( bonferroni threshold p = 2.44×10 ( @number@ ) ) associations between @number@ analytes and @number@ snps.
we serendipitously found the association of rs6677604 with the same protein at p < 9.29×10 ( @number@ ) .
@number@ other snp-protein associations in the adni sample exceeded genome-wide significance ( 5×10 ( @number@ ) ) .
this study is among the first analyses of gene-protein product relationships integrating multiplex-panel proteomics and targeted genes extracted from a gwas array.
however , associations between snps in the gene and other ageing phenotypes such as cognitive and physical capability have not been reported.
results : we confirm the associations between the minor allele of the snp and higher triglycerides and lower glucose levels.
furthermore , there was some evidence for gene-environment interactions , including physical activity attenuating the effects on triglycerides.
however , no associations were observed with measures of cognitive and physical capability.
the first consistent and reproducible evaluation of the effect of aging on dynamic signature is reported.
several template update strategies are also studied as possible measures to reduce the impact of aging on the system's performance.
different results regarding the way in which signatures tend to change with time , and their most and least stable features , are also given.
breast cancer occur both in hereditary and sporadic forms , and the later one comprises an overwhelming majority of breast cancer cases among women.
further studies demonstrate that recql4 physically interacts with a major survival factor-survivin and its protein level affects survivin expression.
the highest concurrent fluctuations in cmrgl were basically identified between homologous cortical regions in all groups.
significant differences in cmrgl co-variations in ad and mci groups as compared to nc were found.
mci network's attributes showed an intermediate position between nc and ad , corroborating it as a transitional stage from normal aging to alzheimer disease.
it has long been assumed that people treat cognitive effort as costly , but also that such effort costs may vary greatly across individuals.
individual differences in subjective effort could present a major and pervasive confound in behavioral and neuroscience assessments , by conflating cognitive ability with cognitive motivation.
self-report cognitive effort scales have been developed , but objective measures are lacking.
in this study , we use the behavioral economic approach of revealed preferences to quantify subjective effort.
specifically , we adapted a well-established discounting paradigm to measure the extent to which cognitive effort causes participants to discount monetary rewards.
we further validate cognitive effort discounting by benchmarking it against well-established measures of delay discounting.
the results highlight the promise and utility of behavioral economic tools for assessing trait and state influences on cognitive motivation.
the structural compliance of the aortic root has a significant implication for valve procedures such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation and valve-sparing aortic root replacement.
however , a detailed quantification of human aortic root structural compliance , particularly in different regions , has been incomplete.
we found that tissue stiffness in physiological pressure range was similar among the three human sinuses.
a variation in regional structural stiffness of human aorta was observed.
in the circumferential direction , the ls regions were the stiffest in the lcs and rcs , whereas ncs had relatively uniform stiffness.
in the longitudinal direction , the human aa regions were more compliant than all sinuses.
background : the population of the western world is aging while cancer survival rates are rising.
older patients with cancer will increasingly be taken care of by informal family caregivers.
participants completed self-reporting measures on psychological distress , coping ability and social support.
increased patient age was found to accentuate these processes.
this article discusses issues that may help clinicians choose among these newer agents and individualize treatment appropriately.
the population of baby boomers ( age 60-65 ) is rapidly increasing globally.
the aging of the human body is associated with the decline of cellular function which leads to the development of a variety of diseases.
the increased demand for health care for the aging population creates significant financial burden to any healthcare system.
developing strategies and health intervention methods to ameliorate this situation is paramount.
formaldehyde ( fa ) , which is said to be a carcinogenic agent , is commonly used in anatomy laboratories.
the extent of dna damage was assessed with respect to the duration of exposure.
thirty male anatomy laboratory workers from various medical colleges involved with storing specimens and embalming were included in the study.
thirty males who were not exposed to fa were included as a comparison group.
blood samples were collected after informed consent was given.
information regarding age , duration of fa exposure and smoking habits was obtained by a questionnaire.
the cbmn assay was conducted on cultured isolated lymphocytes stained with giemsa.
mn were counted in a total of @number@ binucleated lymphocytes.
the effect of smoking was assessed using appropriate statistical tests.
the frequency of mn in lymphocytes was significantly higher in the exposed group ( p < @number@ ) .
the duration of exposure correlated positively with the frequency of mn ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
neither aging nor smoking correlated significantly with the formation of mn.
the present study highlights significant dna damage in people exposed to fa.
the extent of damage was directly proportional to the duration of exposure.
the historical roots of gerontology date to a time when old age was characterized as physical and mental decline.
to that end , we propose the spectrum model of aging.
romania has entered a period of rapid and dramatic population aging.
older romanians are expected to make up more than @percent@ of the total population by @number@
yet , gerontological research is sparse and the few studies of older romanians that exist are not well used by policy makers.
much of the research is descriptive and focused on needs assessments.
the relevant legislation exists but there are still issues regarding the implementation of specially developed social services for older persons.
background : fractures of the talus in the elderly are rare and usually result from high-impact injuries , suggesting only minor age-related bone structure changes.
however , total ankle replacement failures with age often result from talar subsidence , suggesting age-related bone loss in the talus.
despite a number of histological analyses of talar microarchitecture , the effects of age and sex on talar microarchitecture changes remain poorly defined.
the specimens were analyzed by radiography , micro-ct , and histological analysis.
results : the talar body , neck , and head were affected differently by age-related changes.
bone structure changes were independent of sex.
conclusions : age-related bone structure changes predominantly occur in the talar body , which poses a potential risk factor for total ankle replacement loosening.
the moderate changes in the talar neck might explain the persistent low incidence of talar neck fractures with age.
they share a complex domain structure and have numerous binding partners in ecm and multiple cell surface receptors.
tsps are also critically important in the development and ultimate outcome of the complications associated with atherosclerosis myocardial infarction , and heart hypertrophy and failure.
their expression and significance increase with age and with the progression of diabetes , two major contributors to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications.
the functions of tsps in myocardium , vasculature , vascular complications of diabetes , aging and immunity are discussed.
unlabelled : sarcopenia is an aging syndrome that can be characterized by many criteria adjusted or not by fat mass.
methods : three hundred ninety-nine men were included and answered a questionnaire about lifestyle and medical history.
individuals were classified by their bmi using the classification adjusted by age.
body composition and bone mineral density were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry.
sarcopenia was classified according to both criteria.
logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors associated with sarcopenia.
conclusion : this study suggested that the optimal criteria for sarcopenia should be selected according to bmi in community-dwelling older men.
diet and nutrients have gained significant interest as potentially modifiable protective factors.
however , data from randomized controlled trials do not show a consistent effect.
methods : a retrospective review of @number@ vision screening forms from an ongoing vision screening program in omaha , nebraska , was conducted.
univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.
results : sex , age , ethnicity , and persistent pain were independently associated with failing the visual field test in multivariate analysis.
persistent pain and glaucoma diagnosis were independently associated with failing the visual acuity test.
vision screenings should focus on targeting populations that exhibit these risk factors.
understanding how sirt1 is regulated in vivo could therefore lead to new strategies to treat age-related diseases.
sirt1 forms a stable complex with dbc1 , an endogenous inhibitor.
we identify two acetylation sites on dbc1 that regulate its ability to bind sirt1 and suppress its activity.
furthermore , we show that dbc1 itself is a substrate for sirt1.
surprisingly , the effect of ex-527 on sirt1-dbc1 binding is independent of dbc1 acetylation.
living cells maintain a balance between oxidation and reduction , and perturbations of this redox balance are thought to contribute to various diseases.
recent attempts to regulate redox state have focused on electrophiles ( eps ) , which activate potent cellular defense systems against oxidative stress.
importantly , this cycling pathway is under stringent regulation by the cell redox state.
we propose that redox-dependent quinone formation is the predominant mechanism for formation of ped and pat drugs from their precursor compounds.
the human genome encodes seven different sirtuins ( sirt1-7 ) , which share a common catalytic core domain but possess distinct n- and c-terminal extensions.
a number of animal studies have been conducted to examine the role of sirtuins in ocular aging.
here we review current knowledge about sirt1 and ocular aging.
aging-associated decline in androgen levels is associated with risks of age-related disorders such as sarcopenia and disability in older adults.
however , several clinical trials with androgen replacement therapy have failed to show clinical benefit.
in abroad , several routes are available for the administration of testosterone , such as injection , patch , oral administration , etc.
in japan , intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate every @number@ to @number@ weeks is widely indicated for treatment of loh.
it has also reported that art using testosterone ointment once or twice a day appeared to improve those loh symptoms.
art is a significant and safe procedure for anti-aging in male.
however , no drug is available in the market at present.
most of such drugs are developed , aiming at the application to age-related muscle reduction ( sarcopenia ) and osteoporosis.
we are now trying to develop a sarm which may have beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome.
androgens have beneficial effects on endothelial cells and smooth-muscle cells.
testosterone and dihydrotestosterone may also relax penile artery and cavernous smooth muscle through their nongenomic effects.
hypogonadal patients in whom pde5 inhibitor failed could be rescued by the administration of testosterone.
hypercholesterolemia , which is well known one of the important risk factor for cardiovascular disease , is more prevalence in women than men.
however , cardiovascular disease is more prevalence in men than women.
it is possible that men have more frequently hypertension and glucose intolerance than women.
these may affect the sex difference in the cardiovascular disease prevalence quite a few.
the feature of risk factors for cardiovascular disease may be affected by both sex hormone and sex related genes.
it has been shown that age-related decline in androgen secretion is associated with cognitive impairment and the risk of dementia.
randomized controlled trials and mechanistic clarification are required in the future.
recently , brain synthesis of androgen and estrogen has been extensively investigated.
steroidogenic enzymes and receptors are expressed in glutamatergic neurons.
the expression levels of mrna or proteins for enzymes are as low as 1 / 200 - @date@ @number@
however , hippocampal levels of androgen and estrogen are much higher than those of plasma.
this is due to the fact that the volume of hippocampus is as small as 1 / 200 of the blood vessels.
androgen and estrogen can rapidly modulate synaptic plasticity of neural circuits.
after andropause or menopause , the levels of androgen and estrogen in the hippocampus may significantly decrease , inducing dementia , alzheimer's or depression.
in the process of atherosclerosis , vascular effects of androgen remain poorly understood and have been controversial for a long time.
for many years , it has been widely believed that androgen plays an unfavorable role in the development of atherosclerosis.
androgen may exert complex effects on the vessel wall.
furthermore , experimental studies have demonstrated the direct action of androgen on the vasculature.
in this review , we illustrate the action of androgen on the cardiovascular system , focusing on the action of testosterone on blood vessels.
androgen deprivation therapy is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
on the other hand , administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
further basic and clinical studies investigating the role for androgen on metabolic parameters and atherosclerosis are needed.
from gender sensitive medicine aspect , sex hormones play most important roles in men and women's health.
both estrogen role in women and androgen role in men are well established recently.
on the other hand , the effect of androgen on women's health has not been elucidated.
androgen is synthesized in the adrenal gland and the ovary.
androgen receptors ( ars ) are found in many tissues.
testosterone provides dual action in breast tissues , stimulation with being converted into estrogen and suppressant effect as testosterone.
in addition , women with hyperandrogenism have higher risk for cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
much developmental work has to be done about testosterone for women's health.
late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) syndrome has been established for a few years.
loh is defined by reduced serum testosterone levels ( either total testosterone or free testosterone ) .
considering \ "men's health \ " , loh is an important issue for the quality of life of elderly males.
photodamage assessed 96h post uva included hse morphology , keratinocyte proliferation , apoptosis , and differentiation.
uva induced disorganization of basal layer , alteration of epidermal development , and fibroblast loss which were alleviated by all nutrient pretreatments.
excessive erythrocytosis results in severely increased blood viscosity that may compromise the vascular endothelium.
thus chronic erythrocytosis results in sustained activation of inflammatory pathways , vascular dysfunction and blood-brain barrier disruption.
an old-new paradigm was used to assess children's recognition ability of own- and other-race faces.
efficient processing of our complex visual environment is essential and many daily visual tasks rely on accurate and fast object recognition.
it is therefore important to evaluate how object recognition performance evolves during the course of adulthood.
objects were either animals or pieces of furniture , embedded in either congruent or incongruent contexts.
in subjects over @number@ years old , object categorization was greatly slowed down when compared to young and middle-aged subjects.
moreover , subjects over @number@ years old evidenced a significant decrease in categorization accuracy when objects were seen in incongruent contexts.
this indicates that incongruence of the scene may be particularly disturbing in late adulthood , therefore impairing object recognition.
while there is some evidence that stereoacuity improves with age , little is known about the development and maturation of coarse stereopsis.
the observer's task was to indicate whether a stereoscopic cartoon character was nearer or farther away than a zero-disparity reference frame.
next , percent correct depth direction was determined as a function of disparity.
in the coarse range , accuracy decreased slightly with disparity and there were no differences as a function of age.
in the fine range , accuracy was constant across all disparities in adults and increased with disparity in children of all ages.
performance was immature in all children at the finest disparity tested.
takotsubo cardiomyopathy ( ttc ) is a well-known condition , which leads to sudden transient regional systolic dysfunction.
it mostly affects aging women and is usually precipitated by emotional or physical stress.
despite the tremendous amount of literature on ttc , cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity is the only thing known to be associated with pathogenesis.
as is normally secreted from neuronal cells and can thus exert paracrine effects.
in the current study , we show that application of secreted as alters membrane fluidity and increases calcium ( ca2 + ) entry.
this influx is reduced on pharmacological inhibition of voltage-operated ca2 + channels.
although no change in free cytosolic ca2 + levels is observed , a significantly increased mitochondrial ca2 + sequestration is found in recipient cells.
application of voltage-operated ca2 + channel blockers or ca2 + chelators abolishes as-mediated toxicity.
as-treated cells exhibit increased calpain activation , and calpain inhibition greatly alleviates the observed toxicity.
collectively , our data suggest that secreted as exerts toxicity through engagement , at least in part , of the ca2 + homeostatic machinery.
therefore , manipulating ca2 + signaling pathways might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for parkinson's disease.
loss of musculoskeletal mass and function is a natural ageing trait , reinforced by an unhealthy life style.
with these issues in mind , we believe that the primary prevention modality in coming decades will be pharmacological.
design : secondary cross-sectional analysis.
setting : three clinical research centers in the midwest and on the west coast and east coast.
participants : a total of @number@ older adults participating in an ongoing national survey.
executive function was measured separately from the stress tasks by using five neuropsychological tests.
msa was measured by self-reported frequency of six common msa.
conclusions : higher hr reactivity to acute psychological stress is related to better executive function in older adults.
for those with lower hr reactivity , engaging frequently in msa produced compensatory benefits for executive function.
design : cross-sectional study.
setting : netherlands study of depression in older persons ( nesdo ) .
measurements : alcohol use was assessed with the alcohol use disorders identification test ( audit ) .
multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed with audit categories as outcome , and demographic , social , somatic , and psychological variables as determinants.
results : the depressed group consisted of @percent@ abstainers , @percent@ moderate drinkers , and @percent@ at-risk drinkers.
the depressed participants were more often abstinent and less often moderate drinkers than the nondepressed participants ; they did not differ in at-risk drinking.
depressed abstainers more often used benzodiazepines but less often used antidepressants , and they had a poorer cognitive function than depressed moderate drinkers.
depressed at-risk drinkers were more often smokers and had fewer functional limitations but more severe depressive symptoms than depressed moderate drinkers.
conclusions : although alcohol abstinence was more common in depressed than in nondepressed older adults , @percent@ of depressed persons were at-risk drinkers.
objectives : investigating whether cognitive functioning is associated with the perception of one's sexuality in old age.
design : cross-sectional analysis , using observation cycle 2005 / 2006 of the population-based prospective cohort of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam.
setting : municipal registries in three dutch regions.
participants : @number@ older adults ( mean [ standard deviation ] age : @number@ [ @number@ ] years ; @percent@ women ) .
measurements : sexuality and intimacy were assessed using four questions.
multinomial regression analysis was used , with sexuality as outcome.
the interaction effect between gender and sexuality was also tested.
associations were also found between lower fluid intelligence , processing speed , and general cognitive functioning , and agreeing with sexuality no longer being important.
lower processing speed , general cognitive functioning , and delayed memory recall were associated with disagreeing with a remaining need for intimacy when getting older.
the association between lower general cognitive functioning and perceiving sexuality as unimportant seemed stronger in women compared with men.
conclusions : higher cognitive functioning was associated with the way in which older people perceive their current sexuality.
the immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of several human disorders.
thus , excessive or chronic inflammation initiated by numerous insults exacerbates tissue damage and - at least in some settings - promotes oncogenesis.
here , we propose that immunosurveillance is a key regulator of tissue homeostasis.
many daily activities require appropriate allocation of attention between postural and cognitive tasks ( i.e. dual-tasking ) to be carried out effectively.
processing multiple streams of spatial information is important for everyday tasks such as road crossing.
response time , accuracy and dual-task costs ( % change in multi-task condition ) were determined.
findings suggest that novel dual modality spatial testing may lead to adoption of postural strategies that deviate from posture first , particularly in older people.
adoption of previously unreported postural prioritization strategies may influence balance control in older people.
adult critical care medicine ( ccm ) is ill prepared for the demands of an aging us population.
sources have acknowledged a severe shortage of intensivists , yet there has been minimal discussion on the lack of critical care training opportunities.
inconsistencies in training options have led to fragmentation of how critical care services are provided to the us adult population.
in this article , we review the barriers to critical care training opportunities and expanding the intensivist workforce and propose reasonable and practical solutions.
osteonecrosis of the jaws ( onj ) is a known side effect of bisphosphonates and other anti-neoplastic drugs.
this complication can lead to oncologic treatment interruptions as well as diminished quality of life.
most recommendations for treatment of onj are based on position papers and case reports , while evidence-based treatment paradigms are lacking.
with cancer survivorship on the rise , long-term chemotherapeutic side effects are becoming more prevalent and attention to untoward oral complications cannot be understated.
background : sino-atrial node disease and aging increase af risk.
a subset of @number@ fish oil patients crossed over to controls in the final @number@ months ( crossover group ) .
time to first episode of at / af > 1 min was not significantly different between the groups ( p = .9 ) .
fish oil patients had shorter duration episodes of at / af with no difference in frequency compared to controls.
the obtained classifier was significantly above the chance level ( @percent@ ) for detecting ad already @number@ years before conversion from mci.
voxel-based univariate tests confirmed the plausibility of our findings detecting a distributed network of atrophy in ad patients.
we also identified a subgroup of control subjects with brain structure and cognitive changes highly similar to those observed in ad.
our results indicate that computational anatomy can detect ad substantially earlier than suggested by current models.
most studies aiming to identify genetic susceptibility factors for load have focused on non-hispanic white populations.
this is , in part related to differences in linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies between ethnic groups that could lead to confounding.
however , in addition , non-hispanic white populations are simply more widely studied.
thus , adolescence might be the critical age range for the negative impact of diet as an environmental insult.
conclusions : these data support a nutritional contribution to optimal cognitive and affective functioning in adolescents.
furthermore , they suggest that n-3 pufa deficiency disrupts adolescent behaviors through enhanced dorsal striatal dopamine availability.
background : biomechanical studies have shown that the horizontal center of mass momentum at seat-off during sit-to-walk is reduced among elderly adults.
however , the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is still lacking.
the purpose of this study was to examine differences in center of mass movement strategies and lower extremity joint kinetics in the elderly during sit-to-walk.
biomechanical data collected from sit-to-walk phase of timed up and go test were analyzed.
outcome measures included center of mass-ankle inclination angles , hip , knee and ankle joint moments , and ground reaction forces of the stance limb.
findings : results reported here are from @number@ participants in each group due to missing force place data.
elderly fallers adopted a movement strategy that included a posterior foot placement at seat-off , a longer duration , and a shorter initial step length.
when compared to healthy individuals , elderly fallers demonstrated a greater ankle plantarflexor moment at seat-off.
the host-pathogen interaction is strikingly complex during hiv infection.
8-oxog is removed from the dna via dna base excision repair ( ber ) , initiated by 8-oxoguanine dna glycosylase-1 ( ogg1 ) .
these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism for cellular responses to ogg1-initiated dna ber.
this is especially true in old age.
lean body mass ( lbm ) is important to maintain physical function during aging.
we hypothesized that dietary protein intake and leisure-time physical activity are associated with lbm in community-dwelling older adults.
to test the hypothesis , participants ( n = @number@ age , 65-92 years ) did 3-day weighed food records and reported physical activity.
body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
protein intake was @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ g / kg body weight in male and female participants , respectively.
only a minor part of this association was explained by increased energy intake , which follows an increased protein intake.
leisure-time physical activity , predominantly consisting of endurance type exercises , was not related to lbm in this group.
introduction : studies designed in northern countries show that most women are still sexually active after the age of @number@
all were recruited in a national general population-based survey of sexual behaviors and interviewed by telephone.
main outcome measures : practices , sexual function , satisfaction , and representations and expectations concerning sexuality.
they also attributed equal importance to sexuality.
this difference was not observed between postmenopausal women using ht and premenopausal women.
any negative reported effects on sexuality are more likely due to anticipation or negative representations of sexuality around menopause than to biological or hormonal effects.
purpose : we sought to examine how different activities performed during employment gaps are associated with later cognitive function and change.
using complete employment histories , employment gaps of ≥6 months between ages @number@ and @number@ were identified.
in longitudinal mixed effects models , training and maternity leave were associated with lower 2-year aging-related cognitive decline.
both causation and selection mechanisms may explain these findings.
background : previous studies have demonstrated that gene expression levels change with age.
these changes are hypothesized to influence the aging rate of an individual.
additionally , we investigated genotypic variants involved in genotype-by-age interactions to understand how the genomic regulation of gene expression alters with age.
results : using a linear mixed model , differential expression with age was identified in @number@ genes in skin and @number@ genes in adipose tissue.
only two genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines showed significant changes with age.
genes significantly regulated by age were compared with expression profiles in @number@ brain regions from @number@ postmortem brains aged @number@ to @number@ years.
we identified only one age-related gene common to the three tissues.
there were @number@ genes that showed differential expression with age in both skin and brain tissue and three common to adipose and brain tissues.
more research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetic influences on aging and the relationship with age-related diseases.
objectives : to understand characteristics of older at-risk drinkers and reasons why they decide to change or maintain their alcohol consumption.
design : secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial to reduce drinking in at-risk drinkers.
setting : three primary care sites in southern california.
participants : six hundred thirty-one adults aged @number@ and older who were at-risk drinkers at baseline , @number@ of whom who completed a 12-month assessment.
reasons why respondents maintained or changed average alcohol consumption were asked of those who completed a 12-month assessment by telephone.
factors that might motivate at-risk drinkers to reduce drinking were asked about , and frequencies were calculated for these responses.
results : participants were primarily male , white , highly educated , and in good health.
most who reduced alcohol consumption and heavy drinking did so because they thought it would benefit them.
those who did not thought that drinking was not a problem for them.
both groups cited their environment and circumstances as influencing their drinking.
remaining at-risk drinkers reported that medical evidence that alcohol was harming them would motivate them to reduce drinking.
design : prospective population-based cohort study.
these 10-year decreases in crp were not observed in those not reporting statin use.
conclusion : inflammatory marker levels tracked over the long term into older age with within-person increases were observed.
several potentially modifiable risk factors were associated with long-term higher levels of inflammatory markers.
increased intima-media thickness is associated with the presence of other cardiovascular , cerebrovascular disease and the development of atherosclerosis in both adults and pediatric populations.
material and methods : a cross-sectional study in @number@ healthy children aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
it has been analyzed auxological data , systolic and diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness.
discussion : identification of modifiable risk factors should be our priority in clinical practice.
introduction : the aging process is accompanied by several changes , such as a decrease in physical fitness.
methods : physical fitness was evaluated by @number@ adapted tests from \ "senior fitness test \ " and \ "eurofit testing battery \ ".
conclusion : sitting for a long time has a negative influence on physical fitness among postmenopausal women independently of walking time.
importantly , after selecting an item , children were queried about their memory for the problem.
age-related changes were found both in children's ability to select the correct item and their ability to remember the problem.
however , when we controlled for children's memory for the problem , there were no longer significant age-related changes on the item choice measure.
skin mechanical properties were assessed at the cheek , neck , volar forearm and dorsum of the hand using a non-invasive suction device.
results : data analysis shows a significant negative correlation for all parameters and subject's age.
at young age results of the relative parameters are higher for women , whereas absolute parameters are higher for men.
parameters referring to the recovery phase change stronger with aging.
discussion : the present study verifies the progressive decline of the skin mechanical properties with aging.
further , the mechanical properties change differently in men and woman over lifetime.
the most common primary osteoporosis occurs as a result of menopause and aging process.
secondary osteoporosis is a consequence of an underlying cause and frequently is diagnosed after an atraumatic fracture.
the pathogenesis of secondary osteoporosis is almost always multifactorial.
early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further bone loss and fractures.
objectives : increasingly , cognitive training appears an asset in improving attention and working memory for older adults.
we also divided the memory group by risk status - low , medium , and high.
results : results showed that the memory clinic group as a whole improved on this training on most scales.
when broken down by risk status , the low and medium risk groups were statistically superior to the high risk group on cognitive measures.
conclusion : there were differences also on adjustment , this time favoring only the low risk groups.
holistic memory training seems to be impactful for older adults.
despite the rapid increase of the ka elderly population , data on mental health service utilization among ka elders are scarce.
the korean versions of the patient health questionnaire ( phq-9k ) and mini-mental status examination ( mmse-kc ) were administered by trained community health workers.
in addition , @percent@ scored below the age- and education-specific cutoff values for probable dementia based on the mmse-kc.
likewise , of @number@ participants with probable dementia , only @number@ ( @percent@ ) sought treatment from a health care provider.
further research is warranted to identify barriers to and strategies for adequate mental health care for korean immigrant elders.
dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is a multifactorial disease characterized by left ventricular dilation that is associated with systolic dysfunction and increased action potential duration.
here , we describe the transitions in the gene expression profiles of @number@ kcnj genes from healthy or dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts.
in dcm ventricles , the levels of kir2.1 and kir2.3 were upregulated , but those of kir2.2 channels were downregulated.
these adaptations could offer a new aspect for the explanation of the generally observed physiological and molecular alterations found in dcm.
however , the biochemical and mechanistic events leading to band @number@ cluster formation have yet to be fully defined.
we have found that band @number@ clustering is a feature of only this small fraction , amounting to ∼0.1% of total circulating erythrocytes.
because sir2 has been identified as a nad⁺-dependent histone deacetylase , researchers have attributed its lifespan-extending utilities to gene silencing.
similar phenomena are found in multicellular eukaryotes by seemingly different mechanisms.
in mammals , seven sirtuin homologs ( sirt1-7 ) have been identified , with varied cellular locations and molecular functions.
sirtuins target a wide spectrum of molecules for diversified post-translational modifications , thereby exerting multiple physiological benefits.
the roles of sirtuins in cancer are still ambiguous , although they have been extensively studied.
in this review , we summarize the multiple physiological roles played by sirtuins and their putative mechanisms , especially in cancer.
introduction : osteoporosis , a disease characterized by the progressive loss of bone tissue , is one of the most common complications of aging.
it is assumed that the number of patients with osteoporosis will increase by @percent@ in every @number@ years in the 21st century.
the quality and quantity of bone tissue : developing bones are much more responsive to mechanical loading and physical activity than mature bones.
this suggests that training in early childhood may be an important factor in the prevention of osteoporosis in later life.
adapted physical activity represents physical activity individually tailored according to the psychosomatic capabilities of a person and the goal to be achieved.
it can be applied at any age in order to maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of fracture.
adapted physical activity is different for men and women , for different age , as well as for the individuals.
coordination and balance exercises are important in an individual workout program.
physical activity is very effective in reducing sclerostin , which is known to inhibit bone formation.
in addition , physical training enhances the levels of insulinlike growth factor , which has a very positive effect on bone formation.
the measuring instruments used were the barthel index and a semi-structured interview.
results : the participants are mostly male , with an average age of @number@ years , married , residing in rural areas.
their qualifications are the 1st cycle of basic education ( four years of primary school ) and have a predominance of cerebrovascular diseases.
they show moderate dependence at discharge , preferably returning to their own home.
functional independence is significantly influenced by age , educational attainment , place of residence after admission , housing adaptation and formal support.
conclusions : the inexistent of the caregiver's profile , their absence or inability to care was predictive of institutionalization.
the purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of skin colour and tooth shade.
one hundred and twenty six individuals aging between @number@ to @number@ years participated in this study.
colour of the maxillary central incisors was examined by vita easy shade.
tooth shades were assigned to four ordinal values.
nivea beauty protect foundation shade sample was used as a guide to assess facial skin colour shin colours were also assigned to four ordinal values.
co-relation factors were @percent@ for women and @percent@ for men ( p < 0 @number@ ) .
the highest tooth shade prevalence belonged to the second group and the highest skin colour prevalence was also in the second skin colour group.
ages are thought to contribute to defective skin repair in diabetic patients as well as a result of the normal aging process.
however , the distribution and localization of gal-3 and ages has never been performed in human chronic skin wound tissue.
using immunohistochemistry , the localization of gal-3 and ages in tissue isolated from chronic wounds and non-involved skin from the same patient was investigated.
in non-involved dermis , gal-3 was detected strongly in the epidermis and in the vasculature.
interestingly , similar labelling patterns were evident in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
the epidemiological transition has produced a society with a growing number of the elderly affected by multiple chronic diseases which often requires polypharmacy.
despite being the main users of medications , the elderly are largely underrepresented in clinical trials , especially if they have multimorbidity.
it follows that the results of these trials are not applicable in the real world and potentially harmful.
i believe that there is no \ "one-size-fits-all \ " solution in this area , but two ideas come to my mind.
why do we not invest more in educating our future geriatricians ?
and why do we not invest in public awareness campaigns ?
skeletal muscle regeneration efficiency declines with age for both men and women.
this decline impacts on functional capabilities in the elderly and limits their ability to engage in regular physical activity and to maintain independence.
aging is associated with a decline in sex hormone production.
while the anabolic effects of androgens are well known , the effects of estrogens on skeletal muscle anabolism have only been uncovered in recent times.
background : mechanical overload and poor quality of contractile elements related to metabolic abnormalities concur to motor disability of obesity.
the independent contribution of these factors to motor dysfunction in obese individuals is scarcely defined.
aim : aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that metabolic factors may independently affect motor function in obesity.
fatigue and performance , although similarly influenced by age and body mass excess , are affected by different metabolic factors.
research addressing the burden , assessment , and management of nonpain symptoms associated with advanced illness in older adults is limited.
methods : twenty healthy , elderly adults ( @number@ women and @number@ men ; mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) participated in this study.
mood , as assessed by the profile of mood states , and salivary α-amylase activity were examined before and after walking.
executive functions were also evaluated by the wisconsin card sorting test.
results : negative feeling scores such as tension-anxiety , anger-hostility , and confusion significantly improved after walking.
no significant differences were found for either salivary α-amylase activities or wisconsin card sorting test scores before and after walking.
conclusion : these results suggest that moderate exercise , such as self-paced one-time walking , induces beneficial psychologic effects in elderly adults.
meanwhile , the significant increase in salivary α-amylase activity after walking might temporarily cause deterioration of executive function.
background : visual impairment is more prevalent in the elderly and depression is common in this population.
the aim of this systematized review was to describe the association between depression and qol in older adults with visual impairment.
methods : a search was done using multiple electronic databases for studies addressing the relationship between qol and depression in elders with visual impairment.
the concept of qol was divided into two different approaches , ie , qol as achievement and qol as subjective well-being.
results : thirteen studies reported in @number@ articles were included in the review.
conclusion : additional studies are necessary to pinpoint further the determinants and mediators of this relationship.
considering the high prevalence rate of depression in this community and its disabling effects on qol , interventions to prevent and treat depression are essential.
more efforts are needed in clinical settings to train health care practitioners to identify depressed elders with visual impairment and provide appropriate treatment.
biological effects of the egfr antagonists cetuximab and panitumumab and the mek inhibitor uo126 on fdc-s cells were determined in vitro on fdc-am09.
direct sequencing of kras , braf , and pi3kca was conducted on tumor dna.
results : we found a strong egfr expression on dysplastic and neoplastic fdcs.
by extending this finding at protein level we found that btc is abundantly produced by fdc-s cells and surrounding stromal cells.
methods : recent developments in miniaturized ultrasound arrays have provided us with high-quality 3d echocardiographic data.
three-dimensional lv volumetric images were acquired from @number@ healthy volunteers ( aged 21-82 years ) and were analyzed by a recent speckle-tracking method.
left ventricular twist was analyzed as apical rotation relative to the base in the 3d coordinates.
in general , the apical and basal twist increases during the aging process , leading to an increased lv twist value.
conclusions : three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography can be an effective noninvasive method for assessing 3d lv twist.
age-related differences in the 3d lv twist may be the result of the age-related changes in the endocardial myofibers.
objectives : to evaluate changes in the common duct diameter on sonography over time in patients with and without cholecystectomy.
a board-certified radiologist , blinded to clinical and laboratory data , measured the duct diameter.
group @number@ ducts were larger at baseline than in the other groups ( p < @number@ ) .
at follow-up , group @number@ ducts showed a greater interval diameter increase than the other groups ( p < @number@ ) .
the baseline duct sizes for patients with gallstones were not significantly different from those who never had gallstones ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : patients with remote cholecystectomy have larger common duct diameters than those with no or interval cholecystectomy.
most asymptomatic patients with or without cholecystectomy have a normal common duct diameter.
falls and associated injury and mortality are of increasing concern among aging americans.
a variety of practice guidelines and financial incentives are available to health care professionals to facilitate adoption.
yet , there remains a gap between recommended practices and current clinical activities.
this commentary addresses the complexities of fall prevention practices and offers solutions that can facilitate adoption by clinical practices.
the various drivers to encourage adoption of evidence-based fall risk management strategies will be described.
purpose : this study compared the efficacy of complicated grief therapy ( cgt ; shear , k. [ @number@ ] .
complicated grief : a guidebook for therapists [ liberty version ] .
treatment of complicated grief : a randomized controlled trial.
methods : the design was a 2×4 , prospective , randomized controlled clinical trial.
the independent variable was group type , with @number@ group receiving experimental methods based on the work of shear et al.
( shear , k. , frank , e. , houck , p. r. , & reynolds , c. f. 3rd.
[ @number@ ] .
treatment of complicated grief : a randomized controlled trial.
the journal of the american medical association , @number@ 2601-2608 ) , cggt versus.
tau.
the dependent variable was treatment response.
results : cggt participants demonstrated higher treatment response than tau participants.
although participants in both groups showed improvement in cg measures , cggt participants realized significantly greater improvement.
more importantly , when cg was measured on prolonged grief disorder scale , nearly half of cggt participants realized clinically significant improvement.
implications : the high level of clinical significance suggests that cggt participants were effectively treated for cg.
this study offers evidence that cggt holds promise for treatment of cg in older adults and merits inquiry in other populations.
ec recruits volunteers aged @number@ and older into high-impact mentoring and tutoring roles in public elementary schools that are designed to also benefit the volunteers.
we describe the evolution of the ghcc-coah partnership through the \ "courtship model. \ "
results : ec could not have achieved its current level of success without academic-community partnership.
implications : the ghcc-coah partnership demonstrates how academic-community partnerships can serve as an engine for social innovation.
method : the sample consisted of @number@ community-dwelling older korean immigrants in florida and new york.
latent class analyses were conducted to identify the optimal social network typology based on @number@ indicators of interpersonal relationships and activities.
bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine how the identified social network typology was associated with self-rating of health and depressive symptoms.
memberships in the clusters of diverse and married / coresidence were significantly associated with more favorable ratings of health and lower levels of depressive symptoms.
the findings of this study promote our understanding of the unique patterns of social connectedness in older immigrants.
we hypothesize that age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction and physical disability may be partially explained by alterations in the function of the myosin molecule.
in myosin heavy chain iia fibers , single-fiber isometric tension and molecular level mechanical and kinetic indexes were correlated with whole muscle isokinetic power output.
background and purpose : some studies have reported associations between intracranial atherosclerosis and alzheimer disease pathology.
we aimed to correlate severity of cerebral atherosclerosis , arteriolosclerosis , and cerebral amyloid angiopathy with neurofibrillary tangles , neuritic plaques , and cerebral infarcts.
multivariable logistic regression models were used to test associations among the @number@ forms of cerebrovascular disease and the presence of ischemic and neurodegenerative brain lesions.
apolipoprotein e genotype was included as a covariate in these multivariable models.
arteriolosclerosis showed a positive correlation with lacunar infarcts ( or , @number@ @percent@ ci , @number@.0-4.2 ) but not alzheimer disease pathology.
conclusions : microinfarcts , which have been correlated with severity of cognitive impairment , were most strongly associated with atherosclerosis.
possible pathogenetic mechanisms include artery-to-artery emboli , especially microemboli that may include atheroemboli or platelet-fibrin emboli.
healthy participants were presented with the eye-gaze shift ( eg ) and self-propelling motion ( sp ) under both implicit and explicit task conditions.
our results suggest that the implicit detection of visual social signals involves the pmtg and underlies the development of higher social cognition.
there is a broad scientific consensus that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a fatal neuromuscular disease , is caused by gene environment interactions.
recently , elevated serum fgf21 levels have also been reported in subjects with coronary heart disease or carotid artery plaques.
however , whether serum fgf21 is independently associated with atherosclerotic diseases remains unclear.
approach and results : the cohort consisted of @number@ subjects who underwent carotid imt measurement.
serum fgf21 levels were measured with an elisa kit.
elevated serum fgf21 levels were also a significant independent risk factor of carotid imt on multiple stepwise regression analysis ( p = 0.01 ) .
the role of fgf21 as a biomarker or therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases warrants further investigation.
background / purpose : modern men have changed their beauty and grooming habits , which has resulted in an increasing demand for cosmetics for men.
however , very little information is available about the dermatological needs of male skin.
the greatest decrease was assessed at the forehead.
skin surface ph significantly increases with aging in the face.
the results show that the physiology of male skin partly changes with aging.
while sc hydration and skin surface ph are affected by the subject's age , tewl and sebum production show only minor variations.
wernicke's encephalopathy and korsakoff's psychosis are severe unfavorable forms of alcoholic brain damage with poor prognosis.
thiamine deficiency represents a common cause of both diseases.
the basic approach to the treatment of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is long-term parenteral administration of thiamine , often in high doses.
as an adjuvant means of therapy memantine is considered.
in general , individuals with disability did not experience an age-related decrease in pain and pain impact in contrast to those in the normative sample.
discussion : results from this study provide a large scale data on prevalence rates of pain and pain interference in this population.
those aging with disability may be especially at risk for pain-related impairment in later life.
background : blood pressure ( bp ) increases with age and obesity.
we have assessed the relative contribution of age and fatness to bp regulation in a healthy population investigated by nurse practitioners.
correlation analysis was performed and in multiple regression analysis we used bp values as the dependent variable and fat percentage and age as independent variables.
normality of variables distribution was checked and found satisfactorily.
results : most of the subjects had an untreated component of metabolic syndrome.
there was a correlation between bp values , age , and percent body fat.
bp was regulated only to a certain degree by fatness and age , with the influence being relatively small.
conclusions : age and fatness could explain bp values by only 3-30% , although bp was more influenced by fatness than by age.
nurse practitioners can effectively detect and motivate people with metabolic syndrome.
older people sometimes show a bias toward the processing of positive information.
however , it is unknown whether protein conformation of skeletal muscle and spinal cord is equally or differentially affected by msod1-induced toxicity.
it is also unclear whether heat shock proteins ( hsp's ) differentially modulate skeletal muscle and spinal cord protein structure during als disease progression.
vaccines are the most cost effective public health measure for preventing viral infection and limiting epidemic spread within susceptible populations.
however , the efficacy of current protective vaccines is highly variable , particularly in aging populations.
obesity and aging are interrelated conditions that both cause changes in adipocyte metabolism and affect the distribution of fat in both subcutaneous and visceral depots.
total protein extracts were then compared by two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis ( 2d dige ) .
these were comprised of a total of thirteen unique protein sequences.
nine proteins were more abundant in the adipocytes isolated from old vs. young individuals.
in conclusion , proteomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals differences in the abundance of proteins in adipocytes isolated from young vs. old individuals.
these differentially abundant proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis , cellular senescence and inflammatory response.
all these are common pathologic events in both obesity and aging.
maximum voluntary activation of the plantar flexors was assessed using the twitch interpolation technique.
no age-related differences in eccentric torque production were detected.
the residual deficit in isometric and concentric plantar flexor torques in healthy older adults may involve reduced muscle quality.
study design : descriptive , laboratory study.
objectives : to compare the 3-d hip torques during a golf swing between young and senior healthy male amateur golfers.
the secondary purpose was to compare the 3-d hip joint torques between the trail leg and lead leg.
background : the generation of hip torques from the hip musculature is an important aspect of the golf swing.
golf is a very popular activity , and estimates of hip torques during the golf swing have not been reported.
all subjects completed @number@ golf swings using their personal driver.
a motion capture system and force plates were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data.
inverse dynamic analyses were used to calculate 3-d hip joint torques of the trail and lead limbs.
the largest hip torque found was the trail-limb hip extensor torque.
significantly greater variability was found in the 7-9 group compared to the 13-16 years.
variability during both slow and fast walking was significantly greater compared to comfortable speed walking and was profound in the 7-9 year age group.
clinical implications are that children under @number@ years are more variable than older children when walking either slower or faster than self-selected walking speed.
this suggests that muscle activation patterns in gait mature at a later stage of childhood than do kinematic gait patterns.
greater precaution , therefore , is needed when comparing semg patterns of less than @number@ years of age patient and td children.
significance : it is a well-established scientific observation that mammalian cells contain fidelity or watchdog proteins that maintain the correct function of cellular organelles.
it is also reasonable to hypothesize that the mitochondria contain fidelity proteins similar to those found in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
future studies can explore the role of mnsod in age-related illness using this new mechanism of enzymatic regulation.
background : the baby boomer population will become high users of the health-care system in coming years.
purpose : to determine the clinical value and audiometric correspondence of self-reported hearing loss as a screening tool for the baby boomer population.
data collection and analysis : data from a self-report question on hearing loss and diagnostic pure tone audiometry was utilized for this study.
results : of the sample , @percent@ self-reported hearing loss ( @percent@ males ) .
conclusions : baby boomer adults who self-report hearing impairment on direct inquiry are most likely to have a hearing loss.
background & aims : muscle wasting commonly occurs in copd , negatively affecting outcome.
netps was stimulated comparably , with a protein conversion rate greater than @percent@.
addition of leucine did not modify the insulin , wbpb , wbps or mpb response.
this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01154400.
objectives : to determine the prevalence of antipsychotic use in care homes.
results : questionnaires were returned from @number@ care home managers ( @percent@ ) .
the vast majority ( n = @number@ @percent@ ) reported having at least one resident with an antipsychotic prescription in their home.
twelve percent ( n = @number@ ) of care home residents were reported to be prescribed antipsychotic medications.
aggression was most frequently reported , by @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of care home managers , as a difficult behaviour to manage.
non-pharmacological interventions were reported to be used in @percent@ ( n = @number@ ) of care homes.
conclusion : this survey was a first attempt to estimate the use of antipsychotics in care homes.
around half of all care home managers reported they had experienced behaviours they found difficult.
antipsychotic medications and a variety of non-pharmacological interventions appear to be used concurrently in many care homes.
it is suggested that associative memory tests with multiple trials may be particularly useful for early detection of amci.
varicella-zoster virus ( vzv ) causes two distinct diseases , varicella ( chickenpox ) and shingles ( herpes zoster ) .
the major complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia.
vaccination strategies to prevent varicella or shingles and the current status of antivirals against vzv will be discussed in this chapter.
varivax® , a live-attenuated vaccine , is available for pediatric varicella.
regardless of the availability of a vaccine , new antiviral agents are necessary for treatment of vzv infections.
different candidate vzv drugs have been described in recent years.
objective : arsenic ( as ) exposure may cause several medical problems.
there were a few studies investigated whether it has affected bone tissue in women.
however , there was no study in men.
the aim of this study was to evaluate associations between bone mineral density ( bmd ) and as exposure in men subjects.
material and methods : we enrolled in this study @number@ subjects who due to chronic as exposure suspected and @number@ subjects as a control group.
hair as levels were detected by a hair analysis ( varian aa240z zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer , usa ) .
bmd measurements were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry instrumentation.
we investigated associations between the hair as levels and bmd measurements.
results : the frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia was found to be @percent@ and @percent@ , respectively , in the as exposure group.
the frequency of osteoporosis was found to be @percent@ and osteopenia was @percent@ in control subjects.
there was significant difference between two groups ( p < @number@ ) .
hair as level has a median @number@ ( min : @number@ and max : @number@ ) .
there were no significant correlation between hair as levels and bmd measurements.
conclusion : according to our observations , as exposure was associated with bone metabolism.
possible cause of osteopenia may be exposure to as.
further investigations are needed to estimate the relationship between as and bone metabolism.
the constellation of symptoms comprising oab affects ∼ @percent@ of the adult population and its prevalence increases with aging.
the typical class of medications used to treat oab is antimuscarinics.
areas covered : oab medications , with a focus on tolterodine for the treatment of uui are reviewed.
a thorough review of english language literature using embase / medline and pubmed has been performed.
expert opinion : tolterodine provides a reasonable starting point when treating patients with oab and uui.
efficacy and tolerability are generally comparable between tolterodine and other newer antimuscarinics.
tolterodine is a good option as part of the algorithm in the treatment of oab and uui.
in this study , quantitative analysis of inflammatory effectors mast cells and eosinophils in derma of people of different ages is performed.
the study shows that mast cell quantity in derma increases with age.
eosinophils are rarely observed in human dermis.
there are no age-correlated changes of dermal eosinophils quantity observed.
age-correlated dermal fibroblast quantity is established.
pcna + fibroblast percentage demonstrating their proliferative pool also reliably decreases with age.
consequently , age-correlated increase in dermal mast cell may be proposed to be one of the inflammatory and aging mechanisms.
mast cells , whose number increases with aging , may influence dermal fibroblast number with aging.
meanwhile , females demonstrated prolonged modulating effect of peptide on the proliferation.
male donors in age group of 20-29 years demonstrated beta-endorphin-stimulated and in age group of 50-59 years beta-endorphin-suppressed uptake capacity of neutrophils.
in female donors from all age groups the effect of beta-endorphin on neutrophil phagocyte activity was not observed.
those immune responses lead to the development of memory b cells and plasma cells that secrete high amounts of antibody molecules.
the dynamics of b cell clonal evolution during affinity maturation has significant importance in infectious and autoimmune diseases , malignancies and aging.
results : b cell populations of three out of four reactive lymph node tissues were composed of several clones.
most of the ig gene mutational lineage trees were small and narrow.
significant differences were not detected by quantification of lineage trees.
summary : b lymphocyte clones that were detected in human reactive lymph node tissues represent major responding clones in normal polyclonal immune response.
this result is in line with the polyclonal profile of b lymphocyte populations that reside in reactive lymph node tissues.
a significant number of older asthmatics , more often than in previous ages , have poorly controlled asthma , leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
triggers exacerbating asthma are similar for all ages , but inhaled viruses and drug interactions have greater clinical significance in the elderly.
older asthmatics have an increased likelihood of comorbidities and polypharmacy , with possible worsening of asthma control and reduced treatment adherence.
physicians and older asthmatics probably either do not perceive or accept a poor asthma control.
purpose : this paper examines the influence of age on several attributes of sensorimotor performance while performing a reaching task.
our hypothesis , based on previous studies , is that aged persons will show differences in one or more of the attributes of sensorimotor performance.
patients and methods : fifty-one subjects ( aged 20-80 years ) with no known neuromotor disorders of the upper limbs participated in the study.
subjects began each trial by holding the hand within the central target for @number@ milliseconds.
afterwards , a peripheral target was illuminated.
then participants were given @number@ milliseconds to complete the movement.
when a target was reached , the participant had to return to the central target in order to start a new trial.
a total of @number@ trials were completed and each peripheral target was illuminated in a random block design.
these results suggest that age introduces significant differences in upper-limb motor function.
therefore for the assessment of upper-limb function , we should take into account the influence of age.
moreover , these results suggest that robotic systems can provide a new and effective approach in the assessment of sensorimotor function.
patient and treatment characteristics and cancer-specific survival were compared between the groups.
multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors associated with cancer-specific survival.
results : the median age of the patients was @number@ ( 30-95 ) years.
median cancer-specific survival was @number@ months ( @percent@ confidence interval 13-25 ) .
conclusion : older patients with sccp had increased risk of poor cancer-specific survival.
background : little is known about recovery of female sexual function following an acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) .
interventions to improve sexual outcomes in women are limited.
sixteen women had a monogamous relationship with a male spouse ; @number@ had a long-term female partner.
most women resumed sexual activity within @number@ weeks of their mi.
sexual problems and concerns were prevalent , including patient and / or partner fear of \ "causing another heart attack. \ "
few women received counseling about sexual concerns or the safety of returning to sex.
most women who discussed sex with a physician initiated the discussion themselves.
conclusions : partnered women commonly resume sexual activity soon after an mi with fear but without directed counseling from their physicians.
the rising proportion of elderly people worldwide will yield an increased incidence of age-associated cognitive impairments , imposing major burdens on societies.
consequently , growing interest emerged to evaluate new strategies to delay or counteract cognitive decline in aging.
effects on performance and task-related brain activity were evaluated during overt semantic word generation , a task that is negatively affected by advanced age.
task-absent resting-state fmri ( rs-fmri ) assessed atdcs-induced changes at the network level independent of performance.
twenty matched younger adults served as controls.
during sham stimulation , task-related fmri demonstrated that enhanced bilateral prefrontal activity in older adults was associated with reduced performance.
these findings may translate into novel treatments to ameliorate cognitive decline in normal aging in the future.
as longevity constantly increases , the number of elderly patients ( @number@ years and older ) who require anticoagulation likewise rises steadily.
managing elderly patients receiving anticoagulants is challenging because those patients are at high risk of both thrombosis and bleeding.
moreover , older patients are commonly frail : they have substantial chronic co-morbid conditions including renal impairment and frequent acute illnesses and are often polymedicated.
there remains a clear need to optimize the use of anticoagulant drugs in these patients , especially at full anticoagulant dose.
moreover , their safety profile has been evaluated in different settings in the elderly , assisting in minimizing risks related to their use.
emergence of new oral anticoagulants ( dabigatran , rivaroxaban , apixaban ) , which appear to be much more convenient , is promising.
objective : ptosis of the submandibular glands is a well-recognized yet poorly quantified element of the aging face and neck.
the goal of this study is to describe and quantify the rate and extent of age-related submandibular gland ptosis.
a novel grading system is proposed to quantify the degree of descent of the submandibular gland in relation to the inferior border of the mandible.
implications for facial rejuvenation surgery are discussed.
study design : retrospective review.
methods : consecutive computed tomography ( ct ) imaging studies performed at a university-affiliated hospital were selected for review.
these data points were plotted against subject age for statistical analysis.
results : one hundred consecutive ct imaging studies were selected for review ( @number@ men , @number@ women ) .
the average rate of descent was @number@ mm per year.
no statistically significant gender differences were identified in any of the data points.
to our knowledge , this is the first quantification of the rate and extent of submandibular gland ptosis.
a novel grading system for submandibular gland ptosis has been proposed.
minimally invasive procedures have become increasingly popular over the last decade.
in many cases , the use of neuromodulators and fillers has replaced surgical procedures.
this article reviews the analysis and evaluation of the aesthetic patient presenting for periorbital rejuvenation.
volume enhancement with the use of fat and fillers and muscle manipulation with the use of neuromodulators are discussed.
a brief summary of currently available skin-resurfacing techniques is also discussed.
this article reviews the key anatomical concepts of midfacial aging , the evolution of midface-lifting techniques , and indications and contraindications for their use.
this article provides a comprehensive discussion on the complications of blepharoplasty.
we discuss the importance of preoperative counselling and surgical planning to provide the patient with a satisfactory outcome.
strategies are presented to manage common complications.
lower eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery.
midface descent further drags this intersection inferiorly , leading to a vertically lengthened lower eyelid.
this article discusses how to clinically evaluate lower lid deformities , how to formulate a surgical plan , the preoperative assessment , and surgical markings.
an approach to vertically supporting the lower eyelid is presented.
blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery.
in this article , we describe our approach to the patient with aging of the periorbita.
our current approach and techniques for upper eyelid blepharoplasty and brow lifting are described.
osteoarthritis is an increasingly prevalent disorder with an incidence rate that rises sharply with age.
intestinal injury is more difficult to diagnose and treat than upper gi damage , and symptoms correlate poorly with the severity of tissue injury.
misexpression of let-7 micrornas in npcs reduced proliferation and inhibited neuronal differentiation , phenocopying the loss of sox2.
in conclusion , we discovered the sox2-lin28 / let-7 pathway as a unique molecular mechanism governing npc proliferation and neurogenic potential.
studies have shown reactive oxygen species ( ros ) type free radicals are linked to skin cancer and aging.
therefore , it is important for us to identify agents that have anti-oxidant properties to protect skin against free radical damage.
telomerase plays a pivotal role in the pathology of aging and cancer by controlling telomere length and integrity.
however , accumulating evidence indicates that telomerase reverse transcriptase may have fundamental biological functions independent of its enzymatic activity in telomere maintenance.
furthermore , both htert and htert k626a interacted with nf-κb p65 and increased nf-κb p65 nuclear accumulation and dna binding.
a mammalian 1-hybrid assay showed a functional interplay between htert and nf-κb p65 that may mediate nf-κb-dependent transcription activation in cells.
the glabellar rhytid has not only dynamic but also static cause , which is usually achieved by injection of filler.
deep glabellar rhytides , however , are difficult to correct with filler.
therefore , the authors introduce a novel method of inserting a small strip of acellular dermal matrix ( adm ) underneath the wrinkle line.
from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients were treated for deep glabellar wrinkles with adm augmentation by the senior author.
the surgical outcomes were evaluated by the physician using the lemperle scale and questionnaires filled out by the patients.
no complications such as hematomas or infection were seen on postoperative follow-up.
augmentation with adm provides a simple , easy , and minimally invasive option for the treatment of deep glabellar wrinkles.
in cases of deep glabellar lines that cannot be corrected by filler injection , this procedure can be recommended as another option.
the consequences of short-duration intermittent exercise on heat storage with aging are unclear.
he was not significantly different between groups during the recovery periods.
introduction : amp-activated protein kinase ( ampk ) maintains cultured chondrocyte matrix homeostasis in response to inflammatory cytokines.
ampk activity is decreased in human knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) chondrocytes.
liver kinase b1 ( lkb1 ) is one of the upstream activators of ampk.
we knocked down lkb1 by sirna transfection.
nitric oxide , matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) -3 , and mmp-13 release were measured by griess reaction and elisa , respectively.
both lkb1 and ampk activity were decreased in mouse knee oa and aged knee cartilage , and in bovine chondrocytes after biomechanical injury.
pretreatment of bovine chondrocytes with ampk activators aicar and a-769662 inhibited both ampkα dephosphorylation and catabolic responses after biomechanical injury.
conclusion : lkb1 is required for chondrocyte ampk activity , thereby inhibiting matrix catabolic responses to inflammatory cytokines.
concurrent loss of lkb1 and ampk activity in articular chondrocytes is associated with oa , aging and biomechanical injury.
conversely , pharmacologic ampk activation attenuates catabolic responses to biomechanical injury , suggesting a potentially novel approach to inhibit oa development and progression.
we have focused our attention on elucidation of the unresolved mechanism of aβ catabolism in the brain.
this article reviews the pioneering achievements of pet in oncology with a focus on the development of pet that occurred from @number@ through the early-1990s.
( @number@ ) f-fdg was first applied for imaging of animal tumors in @number@ and for brain tumor imaging clinically in @number@
( @number@ ) f-fdg enabled to visualize liver metastasis as clear positive image that could not be obtained by conventional nuclear imaging.
subsequently , ( @number@ ) f-fdg was used for imaging various cancers , such as lung , pancreas , colorectal and hepatoma.
these early efforts and achievements have greatly contributed to the development and clinical application of ( @number@ ) f-fdg pet in oncology.
further studies are needed to clarify the active ingredients of these formulae and their target endogenous molecules implicated in the anti-dementia drug-like actions.
methods : this was a prospective study of @number@ patients undergoing coh at the fertility and ivf center at gwu.
dna was isolated from blood samples and a region encompassing the inslq polymorphism was sequenced.
we also investigated a polymorphism ( rs4073366 g > c ) that was @number@ bp from inslq.
results : increasing age and higher day @number@ ( basal ) fsh levels were significantly associated with poorer response to coh.
the inslq variant was not significantly associated with any of the main outcomes to coh.
conclusions : while age and day @number@ fsh levels were predictive of outcome , we found no association between inslq and patient response to coh.
interestingly , rs4073366 c variant carrier status was associated with ohss risk.
to the best of our knowledge , this is the first report suggesting that lhcgr genetic variation might function in patient risk for ohss.
background : knee osteoarthritis ( koa ) risk is increased by obesity and physical activities ( pa ) which mechanically stress the joint.
we examined the associations of midlife koa with body mass index ( bmi ) and activity exposure across adult life and their interaction.
methods : data are from a uk birth cohort of @number@ participants with a clinical assessment for koa at age @number@
associations were explored using the multiplicative logistic model.
results : bmi was strongly and positively associated with koa in men and women.
this study aimed to predict the risk of falls by focusing on substance abuse in the elderly with dementia.
our national cross-sectional survey included @number@ elderly malaysian demented subjects.
the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze data collected from samples.
the prevalence of falls was about @percent@ among subjects and significantly increased with age ( p = @number@ ) .
educational level and marital status had no significant effects on the likelihood of falls ( p > @number@ ) .
however , the findings provided evidence of an additional effect of substance abuse on further risk of falls in older adults with dementia.
however , multiyear mean hba1c is not always available in the clinical setting.
sif measurements were obtained on the underside of the forearm near the elbow using a skin fluorescence spectrometer.
demographic data and health history were self-reported , and an annual standardized examination measured clinical status.
results : sif ranged from @number@ to @number@ arbitrary units and was log-normally distributed.
log ( sif ) correlated more with mean hba1c as the time period increased.
with the left eye occluded , subjects were instructed to look quickly toward any seen stimuli.
right eye movements were recorded with an eyelink @number@ infrared camera system.
results : saccadic latency increased as stimulus size decreased in both groups.
saccadic latency and accuracy are related to visual threshold , suggesting that saccadic latency and accuracy could be useful as perimetric outcome measures.
purpose : aging of the vitreous body can result in sight-threatening pathology.
one aspect of vitreous aging is liquefaction , which results from the vanishing of collagen fibrils.
we investigated the possibility that trypsins are involved in vitreous type ii collagen degradation.
methods : immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used for detecting and locating trypsin isoforms in the vitreous and retina of human donor eyes.
the capability of the retina to produce these trypsins was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction.
whether the different trypsins degraded type ii collagen was tested in vitro.
results : trypsin-1 and trypsin-2 were detected in the vitreous.
in the retina , messenger ribonucleic acid ( mrna ) coding for trypsin-2 , @number@ and @number@ was present.
using immunohistochemistry , trypsin-2 was detected in microglial cells located in the vitreous and the retina.
all trypsin isoforms degraded type ii collagen and produced degradation products of similar sizes as those present in the vitreous.
conclusions : trypsin-1 and trypsin-2 appear to have a function in the degradation of vitreous type ii collagen.
they could therefore have a role in the development of vitreous liquefaction.
purpose : age-related cataract ( arc ) is a complex multifactorial disorder , including genetic and environmental factors.
methods : a total of @number@ sporadic age-related cataract patients and @number@ unrelated random healthy controls participated in our study.
genomic dna was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.
all exons of ezr were sequenced after being amplified with polymerase chain reaction.
the functional consequences of the mutations were analyzed using polyphen2.
snp statistical analysis was performed using snpstats.
results : we found three novel variations in @number@ patients.
snp rs144581330 in exon @number@ was also predicted to be probably damaging by polyphen2.
method : the authors measured lexical decision reaction times ( rts ) when intact target words followed acoustically distorted sentence contexts.
contexts were semantically congruent , neutral , or incongruent.
older adults ( n = @number@ ) were tested on two amounts of time compression and one low-pass filtering condition.
results : for both age groups , there was robust facilitation by congruent contexts but minimal inhibition by incongruent contexts.
facilitation decreased as distortion increased.
older listeners had slower rts than younger listeners , but this difference was smaller in congruent than in neutral or incongruent conditions.
conclusions : these rt results highlight the interdependence between bottom-up sensory and top-down semantic processing.
we investigated pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a ( papp-a ) in diabetic nephropathy.
normal human kidney showed specific staining for papp-a in glomeruli , and this staining was markedly increased in diabetic kidney.
renal histopathology was evaluated after @number@ months of stable hyperglycemia.
however , thickened bowman's capsule and increased glomerular size appeared specific for the experimental diabetes.
kidneys from diabetic papp-a ko mice had significantly reduced or no evidence of changes in bowman's capsule thickening and glomerular size.
there was also a shift to larger mesangial area and increased macrophage staining in diabetic wt mice compared with papp-a ko mice.
these data suggest papp-a as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
service dogs help people with mobility impairments.
more specifically , using the traction provided by the service dog has physical benefits because mwc users can operate their mwcs with less effort.
eleven mwc users with spinal cord injury were assessed before and after training with a service dog and @number@ mo later.
results showed that using a service dog increased the distance covered by the mwc users and also significantly decreased shoulder pain and intensity of effort.
more extensive research is needed to precisely identify the effect of service dogs on the long-term management of mwc use.
polyphenols are a class of natural compounds widely distributed in fruits , vegetables , and plants.
polyphenols are effective against chronic diseases and recent reports indicated strong epigenetic effects of polyphenols.
most of the studies investigating epigenetic effects of natural polyphenols have focused on their beneficial effects in cancer treatment.
we have also discussed the relation between the structure and function of epigenetic-modifying polyphenols.
microglia are the prime innate immune cells of the central nervous system.
they can transit from a ( so-called ) resting state under homeostatic conditions towards a pro-inflammatory activation state upon homeostatic disturbances.
under neurodegenerative conditions , microglia have been largely perceived as neurotoxic cells.
it is now becoming clear that resting microglia are not inactive but that they serve house-keeping functions.
moreover , microglia activity is not limited to proinflammatory responses , but covers a spectrum of reactive profiles.
depending on the actual situation , activated microglia display specific effector functions supporting inflammation , tissue remodeling , synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.
many of these functions not only relate to the current state of the local neural environment but also depend on previous experience.
in this review , we address microglia functions with respect to determining factors , phenotypic presentations , adaptation to environmental signals and aging.
finally , we point out primary mechanisms of microglia activation , which may comprise therapeutic targets to control neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative activity.
background : people with dementia are sensitive to cognitive side effects of anticholinergic drugs.
objectives : the objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of anticholinergic drugs use in elderly dementia patients.
the anticholinergic drugs were identified using the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) .
conclusion : over one in five elderly dementia patients used drugs with clinically significant anticholinergic effects.
mood disorder , urinary incontinence , and region were significantly associated with use of these drugs.
concerted efforts are needed to improve the quality of medication use by focusing on clinically significant anticholinergic agents.
the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between use of dopamine agonists and the risk of heart failure.
multivariable conditional logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between use of dopamine agonists and heart failure.
conclusion : use of dopamine agonists , including pramipexole , was associated with non-significantly increased risks of heart failure in this population-based study in taiwan.
further investigation is needed to clarify this potential association.
unlabelled : courage in europe was a 3-year project involving @number@ partners from four european countries and the world health organization.
it is therefore recommended that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use the courage-derived methodology.
the courage protocol for ageing studies has proven to be a valid tool for collecting comparable data in the ageing population.
the courage in europe consortium recommends that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use courage-derived methodology.
subjects and methods : the sample consisted of @number@ elderly persons aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
schooling and job affect the performance obtained when dealing with verbs in the vocabulary test.
here , we report that the actions of ccn1 are mediated by induction of interleukin 1β ( il-1β ) .
ccn1 and il-1β are strikingly induced by acute uv irradiation , and constitutively elevated in sun-exposed prematurely aged human skin.
elevated ccn1 rapidly induces il-1β , inhibits type i collagen production , and upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 , which degrades collagen fibrils.
blockade of il-1β actions by il-1 receptor antagonist largely prevents the deleterious effects of ccn1 on collagen homeostasis.
furthermore , knockdown of ccn1 significantly reduces induction of il-1β by uv irradiation , and thereby partially prevents collagen loss.
results : cancer survivors had significantly higher total and cancer-specific domain scores compared to unexposed participants.
serum amh , inh , ovarian volume , and afc were lower while serum fsh was higher in cancer survivors.
although survivors exhibited diminished ovarian reserve , these markers were not independently associated with total qlacs score.
cancer survivors with irregular menstrual function were found to have lower quality-of-life ( qol ) scores than those with regular cycles.
conclusions : we found that qol appears to be significantly impaired in cancer survivors compared to controls , even when remote from initial cancer diagnosis.
in addition , our study suggests that reproductive aging contributes to qol in the setting of irregular menses and likely profound impairment of ovarian function.
the prevalence of arthritis in aging populations continues to rapidly grow.
research has highlighted @number@ principal risk factors for progression of arthritis-related biopsychosocial symptoms : age and physical inactivity.
hierarchical , multiple-regression analyses were conducted on the canadian community health survey ( cycle @number@ 2009-2010 , n = @number@ ) .
results revealed that more-active adults had significantly fewer symptoms ( physical unstd.
b = @number@ p ≤ @number@ pyschosocial unstd.
b = @number@ p ≤ @number@ ) .
in addition , as age increased , physical symptoms intensified and psychosocial symptoms tapered ( physical unstd.
b = @number@ p ≤ @number@ psychosocial unstd.
b = @number@ p ≤ @number@ ) .
findings highlight the need to target physical activity interventions to specific age cohorts and particular biopsychosocial symptomologies.
introduction : resting state networks are proposed to reflect the neuronal connectivity that underlies cognitive processes.
consequently , abnormal behaviour of these networks due to disease or altered development may predict poor cognitive outcome.
this development is comparable to the resting state networks found in term-born infants of equivalent age.
background : physical and cognitive activity seems to be an effective strategy by which to promote age-sensitive fluid cognitive abilities in older adults.
the trial assessed information processing speed , short-term memory , spatial relations , concentration , reasoning , and cognitive speed.
results : in contrast to the control group , the physical , cognitive , and combined training groups enhanced their concentration immediately after intervention.
only the physical training group showed improved concentration @number@ months later.
the combined training group displayed improved cognitive speed both immediately and three months after intervention.
the cognitive training group displayed improved cognitive speed @number@ months after intervention.
eighteen community-dwelling older adults ( ages 65-85 ) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group.
the intervention group completed @number@ training sessions ( @number@ min , @number@ weeks ) .
dual tasks were applied to appraise improvements of cognitive processing during balance and gait.
fes-i ( p = @number@ ) and postural sway did not significantly change ( @number@ < p < @number@ ) .
fall training did not sufficiently improve fear of falling , balance , or gait performance under single- or dual-task conditions in healthy older adults.
in both sexes , there are anatomical and behavioral differences in dealing with bladder control , as well as voiding and incontinence.
in babies , gender difference seems to be most likely caused by a difference in maturity rate of the bladder.
after gaining bladder control , behavior starts to be influenced by socialization.
during preschool and school , children experience a negative perception of school toilets.
especially girls crouch over the toilet seat and train to empty the bladder without relaxation of the pelvic floor.
this posture may lead to bladder dysfunction.
often adult women continue this bad habit and bladder dysfunction may consolidate.
from the fourth decade in both sexes lower urinary tract symptoms start to develop.
however , men and women handle the problem variedly showing gender differences in coping strategies with better coping mechanisms in women.
in general , gender difference in help seeking and receiving treatment increases with younger age.
in elderly , urinary incontinence is only associated with a higher mortality in men , and elderly men seek more often professional help.
aim of the review is to provide an insight into gender differences of bladder control and bladder dysfunction.
this systematic review examines the relationship between late-life spousal bereavement and changes in routine health behaviors.
thirty-four articles were identified , derived from @number@ studies.
there was mixed evidence for a relationship between bereavement and physical activity.
we identify several methodological shortcomings , and describe the clinical implications of this review for the development of preventive intervention strategies.
the activity of the thyroid gland diminishes during ageing , but a certain tissue reserve of t3 and its metabolites is maintained.
this reserve is thought to play a regulatory role in energy homeostasis during ageing.
this review critically assesses this notion.
t3 was thought to act predominantly through pathways that require transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors ( trs ) .
however , in recent years , it has emerged that t3 and its metabolites can also act through non-genomic mechanisms , including cytosolic signaling.
interestingly , differences may exist in the non-genomic pathways utilized by thyroid hormone metabolites and t3.
loss of vision in severe retinal degenerations often is a result of photoreceptor cell or retinal pigment epithelial cell death or dysfunction.
a reliable , well-characterized source of retinal cells will be needed for replacement purposes.
the author's intent for this review is to provide an historical overview of the field of embryonic stem cells with relation to the retina.
more specifically , we describe practical coordination processes.
we conducted a qualitative exploratory study using an embedded case study design.
our study covers three health and social service centers in québec.
personality was assessed in @number@ @number@ and @number@ ( n = @number@ @number@ and @number@ respectively ) .
character developed toward greater maturity , although self-transcendence decreased with age.
however , self-transcendence was the strongest predictor of overall personality change.
cohort effects indicated lower level of self-transcendence and higher level of self-directedness and cooperativeness in younger birth cohorts.
regarding temperament , novelty seeking decreased and persistence increased slightly with age.
both high novelty seeking and high persistence predicted overall personality change.
these findings suggest that temperament and character traits follow different kinds of developmental trajectories.
we sought to examine the relation of plasma cis-vaccenic acid with hf with antecedent chd.
methods : this nested case-control study was based on @number@ incident hf cases ( of whom @number@ cases had antecedent chd ) and @number@ controls.
fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography and incident hf was self-reported on annual questionnaires and validation in a subsample using medical records.
conclusions : our data suggest that higher plasma levels of plasma cis-vaccenic acid may be associated with a lower risk of hf with antecedent chd.
confirmation of these results in the general population including women and other ethnic groups is warranted.
therefore redox sensitive micrornas or \ "redoximirs \ " add an important regulatory mechanism for redox signaling beyond the well-characterized actions of nrf2.
objective : investigate the influence of apprehensive gait on activation and cocontraction of lower limb muscles of younger and older female adults.
methods : data of @number@ younger ( @time@ ±2.06yr ) and @number@ older women ( @number@.33±3.14yr ) were considered for this study.
participants walked on the treadmill at two different conditions : normal gait and apprehensive gait.
conclusion : apprehensive gait promoted greater activation of thigh muscles and older adults had greater cocontraction of knee and ankle stabilizer muscles.
background and objectives : short telomere length has been described to be associated with biological aging including atherosclerosis phenotypes.
however , information in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) is sparse.
we therefore aimed to investigate whether inter-individual differences in relative telomere length ( rtl ) are associated with symptomatic pad.
excluding patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease revealed very similar results.
our results reinforce rtl as a marker for pad that reflects the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors.
moreover , the association remains significant after excluding patients and controls free from prevalent cardiovascular disease.
background : the ageing demographic means that increasing numbers of older people will be attending emergency departments ( eds ) .
methods : a pre-post cohort study of the impact of embedding cga within a large ed in the east midlands , uk.
the primary outcome was admission avoidance from the ed , with readmissions , length of stay and bed-day use as secondary outcomes.
in-patient bed-day use increased slightly , as did the mean length of stay.
discussion : it is possible to embed cga within eds , which is associated with improvements in operational outcomes.
microglia develop an inflammatory phenotype during normal aging.
the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood , but might be related to impairments in several key immunoregulatory systems.
moreover , increased expression of mir-29b in human cortical tissue was negatively correlated with igf-1 and cx3cl1 expression.
collectively , these data indicate that an age-associated increase in mir-29 corresponded with the reduction of @number@ important regulators of microglia , igf-1 and cx3cl1.
uscom scan quality is critical to obtaining reliable data and during anaesthesia it is said to deteriorate with increasing age.
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on supra-sternal uscom scan repeatability during anaesthesia.
methods : we performed a series of @number@ uscom scans in @number@ patients of all ages after induction for routine surgery.
a 12-point cattermole ( cs ) score and 10-point insonation ( is ) score were used to evaluate scan quality and ease of insonation.
in these patients , repeatability of serial readings was good with cvs < 5% and precision of less than ±10%.
in these patients , the cv was > 5-10%.
in several elderly patients ( > 65 yr ) , we failed to locate the uscom signal.
average scan time increased with age ( @number@ to > 60 s ) .
svi was also strongly correlated with scan quality ( r ( @number@ ) = 0.77 ) .
conclusions : increasing age has a significant effect on uscom scan quality and data reliability.
the present study investigated the antiaging potential of hp biomass using the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster as the animal model.
further studies suggested that hp may play a role as a complement to the defective endogenous antioxidant system to exert such lifespan elongation effects.
these results , taken together , strongly support the antiaging properties of hp and its therapeutic rather than preventive potential against aging-related diseases.
background : stomach cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in japan.
we calculated direct cost and indirect cost ( morbidity cost and mortality cost ) , and estimated the coi by summing them up.
results : the number of deaths remained at approximately @number@ in 1996-2008.
coi was in downward trend from @number@ billion yen in @number@ to @number@ billion yen in @number@
decrease of mortality cost that accounted for a large part of the coi ( @percent@ in @number@ ) was the major contributing factor.
mortality cost per person is also predicted to decrease ( @date@ @number@ million yen depending on the model in @number@ ) .
conclusions : if the trend of health related indicators continues , it is estimated that coi of stomach cancer would decrease.
aim : the frailty index ( fi ) summarizes differences in health status within individuals , and the determinants of health drive that variability.
multivariate ordinal regressions were computed to assess the relative contribution of the health determinants on the fi quartiles in each age group.
the mechanisms through which diabetes is assumed to promote oncogenesis include insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia , hyperglycemia , and inflammation.
there is as yet limited evidence as to whether any particular antidiabetic agents may influence cancer risk.
aim : the aim of the present study was to delineate how age-related deterioration affects the handwriting of healthy elderly ( he ) subjects.
methods : a total of @number@ he ( @number@ males , @number@ females ) aged 57-91 years participated as subjects in the study.
the writing stimulus was a four-syllabic word with one-to-one grapheme-to-phoneme correspondence.
the size of each syllable in the target word was measured using a software program.
alignment of the word to baseline was assessed using a multiple-choice checklist.
conclusion : the handwriting was characterized by unequal size among syllables and non-perpendicular alignment , which could be explained by several factors.
first , the variability might have resulted from irregular fine movement motor control in older adults.
second , the deterioration of visual feedback and visuomotor integration in normal aging might have affected handwriting performance.
in conclusion , variability of handwriting can be sensitive in predicting the aging process.
aim : to investigate the relationship between physical function , mortality and autonomic nervous activity measured by heart rate variability of elderly in long-term care.
a total of @number@ long-term care older adults and @number@ control older adults with independent physical function were included.
the functional independence measure ( fim ) and barthel index were determined as indices of physical function.
twenty-four-hour holter monitoring was carried out.
results : fim score and barthel index were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@ respectively , in long-term care elderly.
furthermore , lf / hf was significantly decreased in long-term care elderly compared with control elderly after adjustment for covariates.
in addition , decrease in lf / hf was an independent risk factor for mortality.
conclusion : low lf / hf activity was observed in long-term care elderly and was related to an increase of overall mortality.
heart rate , blood pressure and bl were obtained during each increment of exercise intensity.
however , det-l resulted in higher values of blood pressure and bl at workloads beyond at.
abstract survival for patients with multiple myeloma has increased during the first decade of the 21st century.
however , it is unknown whether the improvements in survival have extended equally in all ethnic groups.
overall , age adjusted 5-year relative survival increased , from @percent@ in 1998-2001 to @percent@ in 2006-2009.
although survival increased greatly for nhw with myeloma between 1998-2001 and 2006-2009 , smaller increases were observed for people of other ethnic groups.
persistent excess mortality was seen for aa and hispanic patients with myeloma.
ethnic inequalities persisted or even increased from earlier periods to 2006-2009.
the results suggest that ethnic minorities may not have benefited from newer treatments to the same extent as nhw patients have.
methods : normal human nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested for culture and identification of npcs from @number@ patients with burst lumbar vertebra fracture.
the cell proliferation rates of npcs at passage @number@ in-vitro in monolayer culture and in 3-d alginate microsphere culture were detected.
results : the cultured cells were identified to be npcs.
conclusion : continuous in-vitro monolayer culture could efficiently cultivate numerous seeding npcs , but it is liable to dedifferentiate.
results of combined ultrasound scanning for estimation of acoustic lens density and biometric relations of lens and other eye structures are presented.
examination algorithm was developed that allows selective estimation of acoustic density of different lens zones and biometric measurements including volumetric.
age-related increase of acoustic density of different lens zones was revealed that indirectly shows method efficiency.
background : previous studies have revealed that amyloid depositions exist in not only the hippocampus but in other subcortical gray matter structures as well.
the mean relative volumes and mean md values of subcortical gray matter structures were compared between early-stage ad and control groups.
in binary logistic regression analysis , the relative volume of left hippocampus and age entered the final model of volumetric analysis.
the md values of bilateral hippocampi and pallidums entered the final model of md analysis.
the md values of bilateral hippocampi and pallidums , and the relative volume of left pallidum , entered the final model of combination analysis.
the accuracy of three models was @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively.
conclusion : pathological changes takes place in the hippocampus and other subcortical gray matter structures in early-stage ad.
diffusive imaging has great diagnostic significance in early-stage ad.
the combination of both imaging modalities can lead to better discrimination between early-stage ad and normal aging.
objectives : aging is a rising phenomenon globally and elder abuse is becoming increasingly recognized as a health and social problem.
method : articles on elder abuse from @number@ to @number@ were reviewed.
physical abuse was among the least encountered , with psychological abuse and financial exploitation being the most common types of maltreatment reported.
conclusion : current evidences show that elder abuse is a common problem in both developed and developing countries.
recently we demonstrated that digifab ( fab fragments of affinity-purified ovine digoxin antibody ) restores pe-induced inhibition of na / k-atpase in erythrocytes ex vivo.
previously magnesium ions were shown to antagonize digitalis-induced toxicity , which is mediated by na / k-atpase inhibition.
we hypothesized that magnesium sulfate would potentiate the effect of digifab in the reversal of cts-induced na / k-atpase inhibition.
conclusions : magnesium is capable of increasing the efficacy of immunoneutralization of marinobufagenin-induced na / k-atpase inhibition.
the aim of regenerative medicine is to restore or establish normal function of damaged tissues or organs.
in addition , microfluidic systems offer other advantages such as the possibility to create in vivo-like microenvironments.
besides the complexity of organs or tissues that need to be regenerated , regenerative medicine brings additional challenges of complex regeneration processes and strategies.
the question therefore arises whether so much complexity can be integrated into microfluidic systems without compromising reliability and throughput of assays.
with this review , we aim to investigate whether microfluidics can become widely applied in regenerative medicine research and / or strategies.
methods : this study included @number@ premenopausal and @number@ postmenopausal women.
the levels of several btms were determined , and the bmd was measured using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
results : the btms of postmenopausal women were 17-96 % higher than premenopausal women.
except for uctx , the btm reference value determined using a curve-fitting valley was significantly lower than the reference values for premenopausal women.
the btm reference values determined in this study were also significantly different from the reference values given by the manufacturers of the reagents used.
the fitting valley corresponds to the bmd fitting peak and may possibly be an effective means of determining the btm reference intervals.
this study aimed to evaluate the impact of old age on the surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
methods : this study enrolled @number@ gastric cancer patients who underwent totally laparoscopic gastrectomy at hanyang university guri hospital and asan medical center.
the patients were classified into two groups according to age as those older than @number@ years and those younger than @number@ years.
results : no patient was converted to open surgery.
the patients who underwent roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy differed in incidence of postoperative ileus but not in severe postoperative complication rate.
conclusions : the results of this study demonstrated that old age can have an effect on the surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic gastrectomy.
this study especially showed that elderly patients are affected by the return of bowel movement after totally laparoscopic gastrectomy.
impact scores for equivalent levels of symptom frequency ( mild , moderate and severe symptoms ) were compared in women of different ages.
results : overall , bowel continence was associated with the greatest bother and constipation the least.
there was no difference in the impact of severe symptoms in different ages.
in contrast , for sexual symptoms , there was a significant difference in the impact in older women for all grades of severity.
conclusions : women's views and attitudes towards symptoms are variable and age is a significant factor.
in women attending urogynaecology clinics with pelvic floor symptoms the impact of most symptoms ( particularly sexual dysfunction ) become less bothersome with age.
the insulin / insulin-like growth factor pathway is involved in breast and colorectal cancer ( crc ) development.
twenty-one variants in irs-1 and @number@ in irs-2 were identified in the crc samples.
homebound older adults constitute a \ "hardly reached \ " population with respect to health communication.
older adults also typically suffer from health literacy challenges , which put them at increased risk of adverse health outcomes.
suboptimal interactions with providers are one such challenge.
interventions to improve interactive health literacy focus on training consumers / patients in question preparation and asking.
meals on wheels volunteers are uniquely suited to coach their clients in such interaction strategies.
seventy-three meals on wheels volunteers participated in workshops to train as health literacy coaches.
participants viewed and discussed videos that modeled the targeted communication behaviors for older adult patients interacting with physicians.
they role-played the coaching process.
after @number@ months , coaches participated in a \ "booster \ " session that included videos of ideal coaching practices.
evaluation questionnaires revealed that participants had favorable reactions to the workshops with respect to utility and interest.
they especially appreciated learning communication skills and seeing realistic videos.
a measure of knowledge about the workshop material revealed a significant increment at posttest.
fidelity of coaching practices with respect to workshop curriculum was confirmed.
an online tool kit containing all workshop materials is available.
aging is a continuous process that induces many alterations in the cytoarchitecture of different organs and systems both in humans and animals.
moreover , it is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious , autoimmune , and neoplastic processes.
universality of thymic involution in all species possessing thymus , including human , indicates it as a long-standing evolutionary event.
although it is accepted that many factors contribute to age-associated thymic involution , little is known about the mechanisms involved in the process.
the exact time point of the initiation is not well defined.
we report that the thymic morphology and cell types are evolutionarily preserved in several vertebrate species.
this finding is important in understanding the similar problems caused by senescence and other diseases.
purpose : to validate and evaluate the reliability of retinal vessel diameter measurements by optical coherence tomography ( oct ) .
the effects of age and hypertension on vessel diameter were also examined.
design : prospective , cross-sectional study.
methods : two hundred thirty-eight eyes ( @number@ subjects ) with no ocular disease were included.
hypertension was present in @number@ subjects and absent in @number@ subjects.
spectralis hra + oct was used to scan a circular region around the optic disc.
results : intervisit , interexaminer , and interevaluator intraclass correlation coefficients of randomly selected vessel measurements were all greater than @number@
mean inner arterial and venous diameters were @number@ ± @number@ μm and @number@ ± @number@ μm , respectively.
eukaryotic genomic dna is highly packaged into chromatin by histones to fit inside the nucleus.
however , the mechanisms of this fundamental process are poorly understood so far.
ageing is accompanied by reduced immunity , termed immunesenescence , resulting in increased susceptibility to infection.
thirty eight fracture patients had depressive symptoms at @number@ weeks.
superoxide production improved @number@ months following fracture to the level seen in controls.
serum il6 , tnfα and il10 were higher among patients with depressive symptoms at @number@ weeks.
the cortisol : dheas ratio and il6 levels related to depressive symptom scores but not to neutrophil function.
airway hyperresponsiveness ( ahr ) occurs in both asthma and copd.
in older people with asthma , ahr is associated with increased acinar ventilation heterogeneity , but it is unknown if this association exists in copd.
indices of acinar ( sacin ) and conducting ( scond ) airway ventilation heterogeneity were calculated from the multiple breath nitrogen washout.
predictors of ahr were then determined.
these findings suggest that airway responsiveness in copd and asthma is determined by underlying disease-specific processes , rather than a common pattern of physiological abnormality.
despite the benefits of regular physical activity among older adults , physical activity rates are low in this population.
the pbpa intervention is delivered at a local ymca , and a regional grocery store chain donates the food to the food bank.
data will be collected at baseline , @number@ @number@ and @number@ months.
the primary outcome is physical activity as assessed by the community healthy activities model program for seniors ( champs ) questionnaire at @number@ months.
secondary outcomes include physical function and health-related quality of life.
understanding the physiological impact of telomerase regulation is fundamental given the therapeutic strategies that are being developed that involve telomerase modulation.
objective : the objective of this study was to assess variables associated with xerostomia in patients on chronic hemodialysis ( hd ) .
design and methods : this was a cross-sectional study of @number@ hd patients at an outpatient hd service.
we assessed the appetite through the hemodialysis study appetite questionnaire and xerostomia through the xerostomia inventory ( xi ) .
main outcome measure : the main outcome measure was factors correlated with xi.
results : the median xi score was @number@ ( min-max = 11-33 ) .
forty patients had an xi score of @number@ or less ( group @number@ ) and between @number@ and @number@ ( group @number@ ) .
in group @number@ age , charlson comorbidity index score , and number of patients with poor / very poor appetite were significantly higher.
multiple linear regression analysis showed that the xi was independently associated with age and appetite.
thirty-one patients were in class @number@ to @number@ @number@ were in class @number@ and @number@ were in class @number@ to @number@
conclusion : xerostomia is associated with old age and poor appetite in patients on chronic hd.
the shape of auditory filters was comparable between age groups , and thus shows intact frequency selectivity in normal aging.
importantly , the overall n1 amplitude , but not frequency-specific neural adaptation was correlated with the pass-band of the auditory filter.
advances in automatic text classification have been necessitated by the rapid increase in the availability of digital documents.
such a trained system can then be used to classify unseen texts.
in this paper , we explore the potential of the technique to classify transcribed speech samples along clinical dimensions , using vocabulary data alone.
we used information gain ( ig ) to identify the vocabulary features that were most informative to each of these two distinctions.
in the sd versus control classification task , both algorithms achieved accuracies of greater than @percent@.
the most informative features for the patient versus control task were low frequency content words , generic terms and components of metanarrative statements.
for the right versus left task the number of informative lexical features was too small to support any specific inferences.
an enriched feature set , including values derived from quantitative production analysis ( qpa ) may shed further light on this little understood distinction.
to date , no study has explored the effect of caffeine on brain activation patterns during highly demanding cognitive tasks in the elderly.
the inverse comparison of placebo versus caffeine had no significant difference.
activation strength of the task-relevant-network component correlated with response accuracy for caffeine yet not for placebo , indicating a selective cognitive effect of caffeine.
the present findings suggest that acute caffeine intake enhances wm-related brain activation as well as functional connectivity of blood oxygen level-dependent fmri in elderly individuals.
trial-to-trial reaction time ( rt ) variability is consistently higher in children and older adults than in younger adults.
however , so far the processes underlying increased rt variability are poorly understood.
we hypothesized that greater trial-to-trial variability in theta power during performance monitoring may be associated with greater behavioral variability in response latencies.
our results show that theta inter-trial coherence during nogo trials increases from childhood to early adulthood , and decreases from early adulthood to old age.
moreover , in all age groups , individuals with higher variability in medial frontal stimulus-locked theta oscillations showed higher trial-to-trial rt variability behaviorally.
importantly , this effect was strongest at high performance monitoring demands and independent of motor response execution as well as theta power.
taken together , our findings reveal that lower theta inter-trial coherence is related to greater behavioral variability within and across age groups.
these results hint at the possibility that more variable mfc control may be associated with greater performance fluctuations.
background : nocturnal hypoglycemia was a common and serious problem among patients with type @number@ diabetes ( t2dm ) , especially in the elderly.
this study investigated whether fasting glucose was an indicator of nocturnal hypoglycemia in elderly male patients with t2dm.
the association of fasting glucose and nocturnal hypoglycemia based on cgm data was analyzed , comparing with bedtime glucose.
however , this association did not appear in bedtime glucose.
method : thirty-three right-handed participants were mri scanned to measure the volume of the cc in @number@ sections.
apoe genotyping was available for @number@ of the participants.
results : four-year decline was evident on measures of orientation , memory , executive function , and language.
this discrepancy increased with age , indicating an age × genotype interaction.
the interaction between age and apoe genotype on rate of decline suggests that preclinical disease may be overrepresented in older ε4 + individuals.
thus , apoe genotype and age should be considered in the design of ad primary prevention treatment trials.
age is a robust predictor of recidivism and an item on actuarial tools commonly used to predict sexual violent recidivism among sex offenders.
however , little is known about whether or how much offenders ' risk diminishes as a result of aging.
in the first of two studies , we examined the sexual and violent recidivism of @number@ sex offenders who were over age @number@ on release.
neither age added incrementally to static score in the prediction of sexual recidivism.
age at first offense predicted best.
the authors concluded that age at release is a poor index of within-subject changes in risk of sexual or violent recidivism.
embryos derived from postovulatory-aged oocytes are prone to undergo apoptosis due to the decreased bcl-2 expression.
moreover , postovulatory aging of oocytes impairs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production as a result of increasing oxidative stresses.
oxidative stresses also affect intracellular ca ( 2 + ) regulation and impair embryo development after fertilization.
additionally , employee well-being was examined as an outcome in this model.
validated measures for emotional intelligence , emotional labor strategies , positive affectivity , and employee well-being were administered.
emotional labor strategy , in turn , affected well-being.
conclusion : implications were discussed in employee selection and employee well-being , particularly in the customer service context.
unfortunately , traditional \ "explicit \ " techniques for assessing attitudes ( i.e. , self-report measures ) have serious drawbacks.
methods : this research consists of two studies.
results : negative , stable implicit attitudes towards older workers emerged in two studies.
in the current era of aging workforce and skill shortages , implicit measures may be necessary to illuminate hidden workplace ageism.
the authors examined if older adults would show a lexical-only parafoveal benefit.
methods : two experiments were conducted on both younger and older adults.
in experiment @number@ participants completed a lexical decision task that presented words in the fovea and parafovea in both visual fields.
in experiment @number@ the task was a font discrimination task ( nonlexical ) with foveal and parafoveal presentation in both visual fields.
results : in experiment @number@ the authors observed word frequency effects for both foveal and right parafoveal presentation locations.
this effect was present for both older and younger adults.
this suggests an asymmetrical change in the useful field of view that is lexical in nature.
the intervention consisted of twice-weekly 70-min lessons for @number@ weeks.
after random assignment to experimental or waiting-list control groups , participants were given pre- and posttests on both functional and cognitive measures.
conclusions : this study addressed the feasibility of training multiple instructors of varying experience to administer this theatre-arts intervention.
previous iterations had all been administered by the professional actor / director / theatre professor who devised the program.
these current results demonstrate that widespread administration of this short-term ( 4-week ) evidence-based intervention is feasible.
the authors aimed to describe the reliability and validity of the mmse as a measure of cognitive function among healthy older adults.
all participants were administered an extensive neuropsychological battery composed of measures of attention , executive function , memory , and visuospatial function.
a subset of @number@ participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
mmse test-retest reliability was examined among @number@ participants who underwent repeat mmse testing over an average interval of @number@ days.
total mmse performance correlated significantly with a minority of neuropsychological tests and mri-derived indices of white matter disease and brain atrophy.
a subset of @percent@ of participants demonstrated inappropriate intrusion of mmse pentagon copy during another test of visuospatial recall.
individual mmse items demonstrated poor construct validity.
these qualities illustrate the serious limitations of the mmse in detecting individual differences in cognitive function among healthy older adults.
participants were asked to reproduce the temporal sequence by placing numbered circles ( @number@ to @number@ ) on the arms of the eight-arm maze.
results : individuals with amci required significantly more trials to learn the temporal sequence compared with older adults ( p < @number@ ) .
older adults required significantly more trials to learn the sequence than young adults ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : the results suggest that temporal sequence learning deficits are detectable in amci.
these deficits may disrupt a number of cognitive processes , such as episodic memory , that are important for the execution of daily activities.
background : muscle morphology , age and gender may be determinants of muscle strength in older adults.
however , very few research studies have directly examined such correlation in the ageing spine.
multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to identify significant determinants of lumbar extensor muscle strength.
results : the results demonstrated a significant correlation between lumbar extensor muscle strength , muscle fibre angle , age and gender.
however , gender was the only determinant of muscle strength in the young.
importantly , we found bbr-induced activation of nrf2 is ampk-dependent , as either pharmacologically or genetically inactivating ampk blocked the activation of nrf2.
moreover , the effect of bbr on survival time extension and plasma redox regulation in endotoxin-shocked mice was largely weakened when nrf2-depleted.
antioxid.
redox signal.
@number@ 574-588.
a large body of clinical evidence has demonstrated the prevalence and risks of vitamin d deficiency in various chronic diseases.
biologically active vitamin d , @number@ , 25-dihydroxylvitamin d3 , is synthesized in two distinct systems.
vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency is overwhelmingly associated with viral hepatitis , cirrhosis , and fatty liver diseases.
recent clinical trials have shown that vitamin d supplements significantly enhance the efficacy of interferon plus ribavirin therapy through sustained virological response.
a recent study showed that 25-dihydroxyvitamin d rather than @number@ , 25-dihydroxyvitamin d could directly suppress hepatitis c virus assembly.
moreover , clinical evidence has shown that vitamin d deficiency is associated with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
in this review , we highlight some recent advances in vitamin d researches and clinical trails.
background and aims : surveillance is an integral part of the colorectal cancer ( crc ) screening process.
we aimed to investigate inter-physician variation in follow-up procedures after screening colonoscopy in an opportunistic crc screening program.
methods : a historical cohort study in the german statutory health insurance system was conducted.
@number@ individuals who underwent screening colonoscopy in @number@ in bavaria , germany , and who were not diagnosed with crc were included.
utilization of follow-up colonoscopies performed by the same physician ( @number@ physicians overall ) within @number@ years was ascertained.
physicians were grouped into quintiles according to individual effects estimated in a preliminary model.
predicted probabilities of follow-up colonoscopy by screening result and physician group were calculated.
all considered predictors were statistically significantly associated with follow-up colonoscopy.
conclusions : this study suggests substantial inter-physician variation in follow-up habits after screening colonoscopy.
interventions , including organizational changes in crc screening should be considered to reduce this variation.
background : depressive symptoms and physical performance are inversely associated , but it is unclear whether their association is bidirectional.
we examined whether the association between depressive symptoms and physical performance measured using gait speed is bidirectional.
results : slower gait speed was associated with elevated depressive symptoms both concurrently and two years later.
elevated depressive symptoms were associated with slower gait speed.
conclusions : the inverse association between gait speed and depressive symptoms appears to be bidirectional.
in particular , markov chain monte carlo methods were used to simulate posterior distributions.
first , we rendered a segmentation algorithm that uses outlier detection based on model checking techniques within a bayesian mixture model.
we first observed robust segmentation of both simulated t2-hypointensities and gray-matter regions known to be t2-hypointense.
second , simulated data and images of segmented t2-hypointensity were analyzed.
our results indicate that fully bayesian inference can successfully be applied for preprocessing and statistical analysis of structural mri data.
genotyping arrays are a cost effective approach when typing previously-identified genetic polymorphisms in large numbers of samples.
combining intensity data from large numbers of samples may increase the ability to accurately call the genotypes of rare variants.
the raw data files for the samples were assembled into a single project for joint calling.
a total of @number@ pairs of genotypes were tested and @percent@ were concordant , @percent@ had missing data , and @percent@ were discordant.
the cluster file from this experiment is available at www.chargeconsortium.com / main / exomechip.
adult skin stem cells are considered an attractive cell resource for therapeutic potential in aged skin.
however , the beneficial effects of hdspcs on aged skin remain to be elucidated.
we then investigated whether hdspc-cm has an effect on ultraviolet a ( uva ) -irradiated nhdfs.
however , the literature is scarce regarding pe in patients above the age of @number@ years.
elderly patients ( aged 80-89 years ) diagnosed with pe served as controls.
pe was confirmed by contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography or ventilation perfusion scintigraphy in both groups.
a total of @number@ patients were examined for pe in this study.
of these , @number@ ( @percent@ ) in the study group and @number@ ( @percent@ ) in the control group underwent further evaluation for pe.
there was a significantly lower proportion of the very elderly enrolled in the study ( p < @number@ ) .
an increased relative risk of pe was not detected in the very elderly ( relative risk @number@ p = @number@ ) .
furthermore , d-dimer , troponin t , and high-sensitive troponin t levels had limited predictive value for pe in the very elderly.
there were no significant differences in the number of hospital admissions , intensive care or ward treatments , or duration of hospitalization.
conclusion : the relative risk for pe in the very elderly is not higher than that in the elderly.
introduction : studies on the associations between cognitive abilities and life satisfaction ( ls ) in the oldest-old are few.
the aim of this study was to explore whether abilities in six different cognitive domains could predict ls in the oldest-old @number@ years later.
scores on @number@ cognitive tests were related to scores on neugartens ' ls index a ( lsi-a ) @number@ years later.
the cognitive tests were added into six different cognitive domains.
a multiple regression analysis was constructed for each cognitive domain separately , with scores on the lsi-a as the dependent variable.
the model was adjusted stepwise for sex , age , education , functional capacity , and depressive mood.
conclusion : the cognitive domains of spatial abilities and processing speed predicted ls @number@ years later in the oldest-old.
clinical implications are discussed.
as the population ages , increasing attention has become focused on the prevalence of anemia in elderly individuals.
anemia is an independent predictor of these adverse outcomes both in healthy community-dwelling subjects and in patients with significant co-morbidities.
we would argue that these pathways are closely interrelated and combine to lead to anemia in aging individuals.
this brief review summarizes the current understanding of this entity and our studies aimed at further delineating its pathophysiology.
methods : in this cross-sectional study , we included @number@ individuals @number@ years of age or older from the brazilian aging brain study group.
neuropathologic examinations were performed using immunohistochemistry and following internationally accepted criteria.
in addition , interaction models were used to examine whether education modified the relation between neuropathologic indices and cognition.
results : mean education was @number@ ± @number@ years.
furthermore , education modified the relationship of lacunar infarcts with cognitive abilities ( p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : even a few years of formal education contributes to cognitive reserve.
perturbations in mitochondrial health may foster age-related losses of aerobic capacity ( vo2peak ) and skeletal muscle size.
however , limited data exist regarding mitochondrial dynamics in aging human skeletal muscle and the influence of exercise.
exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy occurred independent of age , whereas the improvement in vo2peak was more pronounced in young men.
aerobic exercise training increased proteins involved with mitochondrial biogenesis , fusion , and fission , independent of age.
this is the first study to examine pathways of mitochondrial quality control in aging human skeletal muscle with aerobic exercise training.
recent evidence suggests that patients with gastrointestinal disorders have increased intestinal permeability.
here , we address the hypothesis that disruption of the intestinal barrier is associated with aging.
our results demonstrated that permeability was significantly higher in colonic biopsies collected from old baboons compared with young baboons.
upregulation of mir-29a and inflammatory cytokines ifn-γ , il-6 , and il-1β was also found in colonic biopsies from old baboons relative to young baboons.
methods : one hundred and forty-eight women ( one knee for each subject ) aged ≥40 years were included.
@number@ t mr images of the knee were acquired at baseline , @number@ year and @number@ years.
segmentation was performed in the medial central ( weight-bearing ) femur and tibia to determine cartilage proteoglycan concentration and thickness.
conclusions : a decrease in dgemric indices was associated with an increase in cartilage thickness in the medial compartment.
we evaluated whether or not treatment with dmab influenced progression of aortic calcification ( ac ) and incidence of cardiovascular ( cv ) adverse events.
cv adverse events were reported by participants.
ac scores were assessed using a semiquantitative method from lateral spine x-rays.
ac progression was defined as change in ac score > 0.
baseline characteristics , cv risk factors , and ac scores were similar between treatment groups.
ac progression did not differ between treatment groups when analyzed by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate or by baseline ac scores.
frequency of cv adverse events did not differ between placebo ( @percent@ ) and dmab ( @percent@ ) groups ( p = @number@ ) .
in conclusion , dmab treatment had no effect on progression of ac or incidence of cv adverse events compared to placebo.
the nuclear lamina underlies the inner nuclear membrane and consists of a proteinaceous meshwork of intermediate filaments : the a- and b-type lamins.
however , the causal relationship between low levels of lamin b1 and cellular senescence and its relevance in vivo remain unclear.
how do elevated levels of lamin b1 cause disease and why is the cns particularly susceptible to lamin b1 fluctuations ?
a rapidly increasing number of case reports are being published describing ics induced by the interaction of ritonavir and injected corticosteroids , namely triamcinolone acetonide.
based on data reported in the literature and our own experience triamcinolone injections during ritonavir-based therapy should be avoided.
background : to analyze the effects of age , cataract surgery and postoperative period on macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) .
results : sixty-eight eyes of @number@ cases with a mean age of @number@ ± @number@ years were enrolled in the study.
conclusion : our study has demonstrated that a significant correlation does not exist between age of the patients and mpod values.
the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular remodeling is a relatively new area of investigation.
we discuss the various mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors cause vascular remodeling.
endothelial dysfunction , lipoprotein alterations , inflammation , and platelet activation are the mechanisms by which remodeling occurs.
plaque composition also plays an important role in directing remodeling.
plaque with extensive calcification is more likely to undergo constrictive remodeling.
positive and negative remodeling is based on how these factors coordinate and determine the direction of remodeling.
matrix metalloproteinases perform a crucial role in vascular remodeling.
advanced glycation end-products are key substances involved in the negative remodeling associated with diabetes.
remodeling in hypertension can be either eutrophic or hypertrophic.
endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation lead to negative remodeling in hypertension.
dyslipidemia can be associated with either positive or negative remodeling.
high high-density lipoprotein is associated with positive remodeling and high low-density lipoprotein with negative remodeling.
smoking causes endothelial dysfunction , increased oxidative stress , and decreased nitric oxide synthesis leading to inward remodeling.
aging also causes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes to negative remodeling.
knowledge of these associations can elucidate various clinical presentations and guide therapeutic choices in the future.
background and aims : many older adults with dementia are hospitalized for diagnoses other than dementia.
we aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbid dementia among hospitalized older adults and evaluate its effects on their hospital course.
in total , @number@ patients meeting the age criterion were included.
patients admitted to departments of pediatrics , obstetrics and gynecology were not included.
demographic , clinical and outcome data from computerized discharge records were collected.
patients diagnosed with dementia at discharge by dsm-iv-tr criteria and mmse scores formed the dementia group.
all other patients were controls.
mortality at discharge included @percent@ of the dementia group and @percent@ of controls ( p = @number@ ) .
objective : to explore the role of working conditions in the association between socioeconomic position and health after retirement age using over @number@ years follow-up.
method : two swedish nationally representative level of living surveys ( total n = @number@ ) were used.
the role of physical and psychological working conditions was also assessed.
results : lower socioeconomic position was associated with more adverse physical , but not psychological , working conditions.
socioeconomic position was a stronger correlate of health than psychological working conditions alone.
discussion : improving physical working conditions may be important for reducing the influence of socioeconomic position on health after retirement.
multivariate models for the outcomes , adjusting for characteristics of the caregiver / noncaregiver and care-recipient / potential care recipient , were run.
discussion : the study indicates the need for support services to family caregivers of older adults with adl limitations.
general health of tka recipients only improved relative to controls on @number@ of the @number@ study general health measures.
discussion : improvements in physical functioning of tka recipients persisted in this longer term analysis of outcome in a nationally representative population study.
objective : to determine whether the qt interval , a marker of ventricular repolarization , could be used to predict incident af.
the cardiovascular health study ( chs ) and health , aging , and body composition ( abc ) study were used for validation.
secondary predictors included qt duration as a continuous variable , a short qt interval , and qt intervals corrected by using other formulas.
the findings were validated in cardiovascular health study and health , aging , and body composition study and were similar across various qt correction methods.
findings regarding a short qt interval were inconsistent across cohorts.
conclusions : a prolonged qt interval is associated with an increased risk of incident af.
background : being able to identify individuals at high risk of dementia is important for diagnostics and intervention.
currently , there is no standard approach to assessing cognitive function in older aged individuals to best predict incident dementia.
objective : to identify cognitive changes associated with an increased risk of 2-year incident dementia using the cambridge cognitive examination ( camcog ) .
design : longitudinal population representative sample aged 65 + years.
methods : individuals were from the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study.
sensitivity and specificity of each cut-off score were assessed.
results : from the @number@ individuals without dementia at the first assessment , @number@ developed dementia at the 2-year follow-up.
the results indicate similar discriminative accuracy for incident dementia based on the camcog total , memory subscale and composite scores.
however , sensitivity and specificity of cut-off values were generally moderate.
scores on the non-memory subscales generally had high sensitivity but low specificity.
compared with the camcog total score they had significantly lower discriminative accuracy.
conclusion : in a population setting , cut-off scores from the camcog memory subscales predicted dementia with reasonable accuracy.
scores on the non-memory scales have lower accuracy and are not recommend for predicting high-risk cases unless all non-memory subdomain scores are combined.
long-lasting type @number@ and type @number@ diabetes mellitus ( dm ) are both associated with impaired cognitive function in humans.
animal models of dm have confirmed the detrimental effect of high blood glucose levels on learning and memory.
what are the neural correlates of such impaired cognition ?
studies in stz-dm rodents show that cellular processes underlying synapse strengthening or weakening are not altered.
rather , the capacity for ltp induction is reduced whereas that for ltd induction is enhanced.
the mechanisms underlying dm-related changes in ltd and ltp inductions are still unknown.
however , that the levels of effective postsynaptic depolarization for ltd and ltp inductions are concomitantly shifted in opposite directions put constraints on them.
it appears that a common feature of these conditions is impaired insulin signaling , affecting the brain as well as peripheral target tissues.
a number of studies have documented that insulin directly affects brain processes and that reduced insulin signaling results in impaired learning and memory.
several studies have also shown that diabetes induces ca ( 2 + ) dysregulation in neurons.
however , there have been few studies examining insulin interactions with ca ( 2 + ) regulation in aging animals.
the drugs appear able to reduce the age-dependent increase in ca ( 2 + ) transients and the ca ( 2 + ) -sensitive afterhyperpolarization.
the main questions posed in ageing theories are how ageing evolved and whether or not it is programmed.
while these questions have not yet been clearly resolved , several groups of possible theories have been published on this topic.
however , most of these theories do not consider plants , and the specific traits involved in their ageing mechanisms.
the first trait covers clonality and sectoriality and the second concerns the lack of a differentiated germ line.
introduction : ultra-short telomeres caused by stress-induced telomere shortening are suggested to induce chondrocyte senescence in human osteoarthritic knees.
results : load of ultra-short telomeres increased closer to the central weight-bearing area and correlated with cartilage degradation in both oa and non-oa samples.
mean telomere length decreased with decreasing distance to the central weight-bearing area , however , unexpectedly increased in the most central zone.
this increase was associated with immunohistochemical findings of cells expressing markers characteristic of progenitor-like cells.
conclusion : these findings suggest a role of short telomeres in the development of oa and in aging of articular cartilage.
furthermore , progenitor-like cells with long telomeres may be recruited to the most damaged areas of the cartilage.
increasing muscle mass is important when attempting to maximize sports performance and achieve physique augmentation.
this article is part of a directed issue entitled molecular basis of muscle wasting.
objectives : there is an age associated change in gfr but this association may be influenced by the method used.
conclusions : the age related association with gfr estimates is smaller for creatinine estimates than for cystatin c estimates.
this is not coherent with a good patient care and we thus need to develop new egfr equations with better agreement between the estimates.
intelligence quotient ( iq ) is regularly used in both education and employment as a measure of cognitive ability.
we found that good readers were more likely to experience relative improvements in viq over time , with the reverse true for poor readers.
these effects were largest when there was a discrepancy between time @number@ reading ability and time @number@ viq.
in other words , viq increases tended to be greatest when reading ability was high relative to viq.
higher rates of bleeding have been also reported with the twice daily versus once daily dosing of darexaban in a phase ii study in acs.
these results may lead to a rethinking on the pathophysiology of bleeding in the setting of anticoagulation.
recent studies indicate that aging is associated with dysfunctional changes in pain modulatory capacity , potentially contributing to increased incidence of pain in older adults.
however , age-related changes in offset analgesia ( offset ) , a form of temporal pain inhibition , remain poorly characterized.
the purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in offset analgesia of heat pain in healthy younger and older adults.
during each trial , subjects rated pain intensity continuously using an electronic visual analogue scale ( 0-100 ) .
older adults demonstrated reduced offset compared to younger adults when tested on the volar forearm.
interestingly , offset analgesia was nonexistent on the palm for all subjects.
the reduced offset found in older adults may reflect an age-related decline in endogenous inhibitory systems.
our paper addresses this shortcoming by comparing prospective and retrospective time estimation in younger adults , older adults , and ad patients.
prospective time estimation was further correlated with mental time travel , as measured with the remember / know paradigm.
mental time travel was even higher correlated with retrospective time estimation.
cutaneous aging translates drastic structural and functional alterations in the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) .
multiple mechanisms are involved , including changes in protease levels.
furthermore , the overall endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins in epidermis lysates decreased with age.
results : the majority ( @percent@ ) reported experiencing one or more traumatic or stressful life experiences during their life span.
participants also reported on average @number@ occurrences of multilevel trauma and stressful life events and lingering subjective distress related to these events.
background : animal and human studies have demonstrated increased collagen deposition in senescent hearts.
new cmr indices of tissue composition by using t1 mapping are sensitive to the presence of myocardial fibrosis.
of the participants had focal scar on delayed enhancement cmr.
the partition coefficient was determined by the slope of the linear relationship of ( 1 / t1myo vs. 1 / t1blood ) .
the extracellular volume fraction ( ecv ) was derived accounting for the hematocrit level.
multivariable regression analyses were performed , adjusting for traditional risk factors and left ventricular structure.
ecv was also significantly associated with age in women after multivariable adjustments.
conclusions : cmr parameters that have been associated with myocardial fibrosis were related to older age in the mesa study.
women had higher ecv than men but less ecv change over time.
separate densities of skin tissue , at , muscle tissue and bone were obtained by hydrostatic weighing.
conclusion : although significantly interrelated , dxa and ct variables should not be used interchangeably since they have different quantitative and physiological significance.
our results suggest that fat ( dxa ) represents different parts of at depots in elderly men and women.
since dxa is not appropriate for assessing tissue variability cautious clinical interpretation is warranted.
aging is a dominant risk factor for end-stage renal disease.
treatment with the exogenous molecular chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid ( tudca ) ameliorated proteinuria-induced tubulointerstitial lesions and ptc apoptosis in aged mice.
moreover , sirna-mediated suppression of bip and ire1α exacerbated free fatty acid-bound albumin-induced apoptosis in cultured ptcs , whereas sirna-mediated chop suppression ameliorated apoptosis.
finally , proteinuria-induced bip induction in ptcs was diminished in kidney specimens from elderly patients.
these results should improve understanding of cell vulnerability in aged kidneys.
bladder cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in an aging population.
as with all cancers , early diagnosis of bladder cancer significantly improves the efficacy of therapy and increases survival and recurrence-free survival rates.
ongoing research has identified many limitations about the sensitivity of standard diagnostic procedures in detecting early-stage tumors and precancerous changes.
objective : the chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades.
methods : for the years @number@ to @number@ we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design.
participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures.
dementia , ad , and vad were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures.
the prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < @number@ ) .
the difference in ad was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level.
moreover , the risk factors for ad and vad differed for urban and rural populations.
purpose : we examined the association between military exposure and urinary incontinence in american men.
urinary incontinence was categorized as any or moderate / severe urinary incontinence vs none.
results : overall @percent@ of male respondents reported military exposure.
case finding is warranted for urinary incontinence in younger men with a history of military service.
\ "use it or lose it \ " is a popular adage often associated with use-dependent enhancement of cognitive abilities.
much research has focused on understanding exactly how the brain changes as a function of experience.
with the advancing age of our population , understanding how use-dependent plasticity changes across the lifespan may also help to promote healthy brain aging.
a common misconception is that such experience-dependent plasticity ( e.g. , associative learning ) is synonymous with synaptic plasticity.
intrinsic plasticity can result from a change in the number , distribution or activity of various ion channels located throughout the neuron.
here , we review evidence that intrinsic plasticity is an important and evolutionarily conserved neural correlate of learning.
intrinsic plasticity acts as a metaplasticity mechanism by lowering the threshold for synaptic changes.
thus , learning-related intrinsic changes can facilitate future synaptic plasticity and learning.
the timing and magnitude of the emg responses were compared between the two age groups.
two normalization techniques were separately implemented and evaluated : maximum voluntary emg ( mve ) and neck cross-sectional area ( csa ) .
the cervical paraspinous exhibited shorter latencies compared with the other muscles ( 2-143ms ) .
overall , the erector spinae and rectus femoris peak amplitudes were relatively small.
neck csa-normalized peak emg amplitudes negatively correlated with age for the cervical paraspinous and sternocleidomastoid.
these data can be useful to incorporate active musculature in computational models , though it may not need to be age-specific in low-speed loading environments.
few studies have directly compared the ability of the most commonly used models of frailty to predict mortality among community-dwelling individuals.
the fi was generated from @number@ deficits , including self-reported health , morbidities , functional performance and psychological assessments.
all three frailty models significantly predicted future mortality among community-dwelling , middle-aged and older european men after adjusting for potential confounders.
methods : this observational retrospective follow-up study included @number@ patients with t1d onset between @number@ and @number@ treated at the navarre hospital complex.
the mean ( sd ) follow-up lasted @number@ ( @number@ ) years.
information on their hba ( 1c ) levels was collected at onset and every year thereafter.
results : the evolution of glycaemic control is not linear and differs across all age groups.
in adults , it is notable that an age of onset ≥ @number@ years is associated with the worst control.
individuals with primary progressive aphasia ( ppa ) suffer a gradual decline in communication ability as a result of neurodegenerative disease.
muscle is hyper-elastic , but also viscoelastic.
the hyper-elastic behaviour of the human sternocleidomastoideus muscle has been previously studied.
the aim of this study is to propose a characterization of the viscoelastic properties of the same human muscle in relaxation.
ten muscles were tested in vitro.
conclusions : cognitive complaints are related to conversion among nondemented older adults.
self complaint was related inconsistently to diagnostic outcome.
interestingly , @number@ of these variants were previously reported in chinese niemann-pick disease patients.
next , we genotyped these variants in another @number@ pd cases and @number@ control subjects.
we identified a novel , rare smpd1 variant ( p.r591c ) which increased the risk of pd ( p = @number@ ) .
design : the predictors study measured changes in bpsd , cognition , and dependence every @number@ months in patients with ad.
cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between individual bpsd , cognition , and dependence over @number@ years were characterized by using multivariate latent growth curve modeling.
this approach characterizes independent changes in multiple outcome measures over time.
setting : four memory clinics in the united states and europe.
participants : a total of @number@ patients with probable ad.
measurements : columbia university scale for psychopathology , modified mini-mental state examination , and dependence scale.
results : both psychosis and depressed mood at study entry were associated with worse subsequent cognitive decline.
independent of cognitive decline , initial psychosis was associated with worse subsequent increases in dependence.
rates of increase in agitation / aggression separately correlated with rates of declines in both cognition and independence.
conclusions : although purely observational , our findings support the poor prognosis associated with psychosis and depression in ad.
results also show that agitation / aggression tracks declines in cognition and independence independently over time.
results : multiple regression analysis revealed that a younger subjective age at baseline was prospectively associated with better episodic memory and executive function.
the same type of mutations has recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) without the presence of any bone phenotype.
here , we further confirm the association of trem2 mutations with ftd-like phenotypes by reporting the first compound heterozygous mutation in a turkish family.
these findings suggest that @number@ neural mechanisms , dedifferentiation and compensatory neural recruitment , underlie age differences in face processing.
cancer incidence increases with advancing age.
over @percent@ of new cancers and @percent@ of cancer deaths occur in individuals aged @number@ years or older.
there are multiple age-related deficits in both the innate and adaptive systems that may play a role in the increased incidence of cancer.
here we discuss the role played by the immune system in preventing and controlling cancer and how aging may retard these anti-cancer mechanisms.
we also propose a pathway by which exercise-induced alterations in immunosenescence may decrease the incidence of cancer and help improve prognosis in cancer patients.
background : impairment of the autonomic nervous system activity may be involved in the development of hypertension.
yet the prognostic values of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in the risk of new-onset ambulatory hypertension have not been investigated.
we sought to assess the relationship between heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity parameters and ambulatory hypertension in a community-dwelling elderly cohort.
methods : normotensive subjects were selected from the proof study cohort , including @number@ subjects aged @number@ years at baseline.
the autonomic nervous system activity was assessed through 24-hour heart rate variability and 15-minute spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity at baseline.
incident hypertension was defined with the 24-hour , day-time and night-time ambulatory blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive treatment use , at two-years of follow-up.
results : at baseline , @percent@ of subjects developed day-time hypertension , @percent@ developed night-time hypertension and @percent@ developed 24-hour hypertension.
indices of heart rate variability were not associated with hypertension onset.
conclusion : baroreflex sensitivity may represent an intermediate goal for prevention of ambulatory hypertension at early stage.
mitochondria play important roles in multiple cellular processes including energy metabolism , cell death , and aging.
regulated energy production and utilization are critical in maintaining energy homeostasis in normal cells and functional organs.
however , mitochondria go through a series of morphological and functional alterations during carcinogenesis.
the metabolic profile in transformed cells is altered to accommodate their fast proliferation , confer resistance to cell death , or facilitate metastasis.
these transformations also provide targets for anticancer treatment at different levels.
we also summarize some of the main metabolic targets for treatments.
objective : to investigate the expression and significance of the mmp-7 , c-jun and c-fos in rat photoaging skin.
dmscs were treated with uv lamp irradiation to establish light aging skin model.
rats were then sacrificed after model prepared , no treatment was processed in the natural recovery group.
saline injections was adopted in saline group , descs group was treated with descs transplantation.
rats were sacrificed after @number@ weeks.
the expression of mmp-7 , c-jun and c-fos were detected using the immunohistochemical method.
dmscs transplants is effective in treating light aging skin.
background : both cognitive and physical exercise have been discussed as promising interventions for healthy cognitive aging.
results : only the spatial training improved performance in the maze task.
these behavioral gains were accompanied by a decrease in frontal and temporal lobe activity.
no significant differences were observed between the two physical intervention groups.
in addition , we confirmed the previously reported association between the apoe ε4 allele and earlier disease onset.
of the other ad risk genes influenced aao of ad.
our results suggest that besides apoe , other genes associated with ad risk do not exert large effects on the aao phenotype of ad.
in total , @number@ patients with fals from @number@ kindreds , @number@ patients with sals , and @number@ control subjects were included.
in the sals cohort , there were no significant differences in these disease characteristics between the c9orf72 repeat expansion carriers and the noncarriers.
c9orf72 repeat expansions are a frequent cause of als in belgium , and also in sals patients.
these results might justify genetic testing of c9orf72 in all als patients.
coats plus is a rare recessive disorder characterized by intracranial calcifications , hematological abnormalities , and retinal vascular defects.
this disease results from mutations in ctc1 , a member of the ctc1-stn1-ten1 ( cst ) complex critical for telomere replication.
telomeres are specialized dna / protein structures essential for the maintenance of genome stability.
several patients with coats plus display critically shortened telomeres , suggesting that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in disease pathogenesis.
these patients inherit ctc1 mutations in a compound heterozygous manner , with one allele encoding a frameshift mutant and the other a missense mutant.
how these mutations impact upon telomere function is unknown.
we report here the first biochemical characterization of human ctc1 mutations.
missense mutations are able to form the cst complex at telomeres , but their expression levels are often repressed by the frameshift mutants.
the initial sample was @number@ caregivers of @number@ veterans with diagnosed dementia.
outcomes were evaluated for @number@ and @number@ caregivers who completed 6- and 12- month follow-up , respectively.
pdc had a standardized protocol that included assessment and reassessment , action planning , and ongoing monitoring.
it was delivered by telephone and e-mail for cost efficiency and the ability to handle caseloads of @number@ to @number@
care coordinators from vamcs and alzheimer's association chapters worked as a team using a shared computerized record.
a variety of caregiver outcomes was measured after @number@ and @number@ months.
intervention group caregivers had significant improvements in outcomes representing unmet needs , three types of caregiver strains , depression , and two support resources.
most improvements were evident after @number@ months , with more-limited improvements from months @number@ to @number@
some outcomes improved for all caregivers , whereas some improved for caregivers experiencing more initial difficulties or caring for veterans with more-severe impairments.
method : this was a qualitative study among @number@ spouses of persons with dementia , recruited via purposeful sampling.
data were collected through interviews and analysed with interpretive content analysis.
spouses were also exposed to psychological threats , physical violence , and had feelings of placing one's own needs last.
this is important knowledge for health care staff to bear in mind at nursing homes when encountering spouses.
objectives : to explore the practice patterns of general practitioners ( gps ) for the diagnosis , disclosure and pharmacological management of individuals with dementia.
we also investigated whether the number of years working in general practice is a determinant factor associated with the responses obtained.
method : a national survey was sent to all registered gps in the maltese islands.
the return rate was @percent@ with the majority of respondents having @number@ years or more working experience in general practice.
chi-square analysis of variance was used to determine any relationship effects.
results : although the majority of gps indicated lack of competence in diagnosing dementia , only a small percentage showed a preference towards specialist referral.
lack of training was mostly envisaged by physicians with the least number of years in general practice.
significant differences in pharmacotherapeutic prescribing were noted depending on the stage of disease progression and the number of years working as a gp.
conclusion : the findings show notable shortcomings in various aspects of dementia management by gps.
design : observational cohort study.
setting : community.
participants : three hundred and fifty-seven community-dwelling adults aged @number@ and older.
measurements : an initial set of @number@ items rated on a 5-point likert scale of agreement was reduced using principal components analysis.
internal consistency was assessed using cronbach alpha.
test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients ( iccs ) .
results : the scale consists of two subscales , each addressing one trade-off , with a total of @number@ items.
internal consistency was good ( cronbach α @number@ and @number@ ) , and test-retest reliability was fair ( iccs @number@ and @number@ ) .
conclusion : this new scale captures views on two common trade-offs in health care.
the study examined impact on social inclusion , carer burden , and quality of life and daily living activities for a person with dementia.
qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis.
results : no significant pre-post difference was found between the traditional or contemporary gallery groups on quantitative measures.
there was , however , a non-significant trend towards a reduction in carer burden over the course of the intervention for both gallery groups.
conclusion : participants were unanimous in their enjoyment and satisfaction with the programme , despite the lack of significance from standardised measures.
further consideration of art galleries and museums , as non-clinical community resources for dementia care , is warranted.
ageline , an ebsco host database , focuses on literature on topics relating to people over the age of @number@
ageline is geared to professionals in aging-related fields , such as health care professionals , social workers , and caregivers , as well as consumers.
this column includes a sample search and a discussion of additional ageline features.
depression in older adults is often overlooked and dismissed as a part of aging.
a body of knowledge-both quantitative and qualitative-has developed on the topic of depression in older adults.
thirteen studies met inclusion criteria , and @number@ major themes were extracted : experiences , causes , recovery , and barriers to treatment.
these themes are detailed and their implications for practice are explored.
method : a pre-test and post-test was administered to participants , and all data were collected and archived to measure knowledge gained.
participants also completed an evaluation at the conclusion of the training to report change in personal attitude and individual response to the curriculum.
results and conclusions : from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ individuals attended heale curriculum sessions at @number@ locations in chicago and surrounding areas.
participants were @percent@ white , @percent@ black , @percent@ hispanic / latino and @percent@ asian race / ethnicity.
the majority of participants were female and approximately @percent@ were under the age of @number@ years.
implications for nursing management : the heale curriculum sets a standard for best practices in nursing management and for lgbt cultural competency in geriatric education.
leptin is a circulating hormone / cytokine with central and peripheral effects that is released mainly by subcutaneous white adipose tissue.
aging is associated with important changes in both the distribution and the composition of adipose tissue.
fat is redistributed from the subcutaneous to the visceral depot and increased inflammation participates in adipocyte dysfunction.
this redistribution of adipose tissue in favor of visceral fat influences negatively both longevity and healthy aging as shown in numerous animal models.
these modifications observed during aging are also associated with leptin resistance.
here , we review how age-related leptin resistance triggers metabolic disturbances and affects the longevity of obese patients.
furthermore , we discuss the potential impacts of leptin resistance on the decline of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis observed in elderly individuals.
the posterior cingulate cortex is a highly connected and metabolically active brain region.
recent studies suggest it has an important cognitive role , although there is no consensus about what this is.
the region is typically discussed as having a unitary function because of a common pattern of relative deactivation observed during attentionally demanding tasks.
one influential hypothesis is that the posterior cingulate cortex has a central role in supporting internally-directed cognition.
however , other evidence suggests that the region is highly heterogeneous and may play a direct role in regulating the focus of attention.
in addition , its activity varies with arousal state and its interactions with other brain networks may be important for conscious awareness.
understanding posterior cingulate cortex function is likely to be of clinical importance.
it is well protected against ischaemic stroke , and so there is relatively little neuropsychological data about the consequences of focal lesions.
however , in other conditions abnormalities in the region are clearly linked to disease.
for example , amyloid deposition and reduced metabolism is seen early in alzheimer's disease.
our own work has consistently shown abnormal posterior cingulate cortex function following traumatic brain injury , which predicts attentional impairments.
reflex vasoconstriction is attenuated in aged skin due to a functional loss of adrenergic vasoconstriction.
bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin ( bh4 ) , an essential cofactor for catecholamine synthesis , is reduced with aging.
locally administered bh4 increases vasoconstriction through adrenergic mechanisms in aged human skin.
we hypothesized that oral sapropterin ( kuvan , a pharmaceutical bh4 ) would augment vasoconstriction elicited by whole-body cooling and tyramine perfusion in aged skin.
venous blood samples were collected prior to , and @number@ h following ingestion.
cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated as cvc = ldf / mean arterial pressure and expressed as change from baseline ( δcvc ) .
sapropterin increased reflex vasoconstriction at the ringer site at tsk ≤ @number@.5°c ( p < @number@ ) .
local bh4 perfusion augmented reflex vasoconstriction at tsk ≤ @number@.5°c with placebo treatment only ( p < @number@ ) .
there was no treatment effect on reflex vasoconstriction at the bh4-perfused or y + p-perfused sites.
sapropterin increased pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction at the ringer site ( @number@ ± @number@ vs. @number@ ± @number@ δcvc ; p = @number@ ) .
single-strand breaks ( ssbs ) are the most common type of oxidative dna damage and they are related to aging and many genetic diseases.
how xrcc1 responds to ssbs after par degradation and how this affects repair progression are not well understood.
we found that xrcc1 dissociates from par and is translocated to sites of ssbs dependent on its brctii domain and the function of parg.
in this paper we test the ' red herring ' hypothesis for expenditures on long-term care ( ltc ) .
in addition , we implement models that allow for age-specific ttd effects on ltc utilization as well as sex-specific effects.
we also focus on total , institutional and domiciliary ltc separately.
for our analysis we use high quality administrative data from sweden.
our analysis is based on fixed effects estimates.
design : data were from the national health interview survey @number@ and @number@
setting : a cross-sectional , nationally representative sample of adults , with prevalence estimates weighted to represent the civilian , noninstitutionalized us population.
main outcomes and measures : use of eye care services ; sep was measured by the pir and educational attainment.
conclusions and relevance : significant differences in the use of eye care services by sep persist among us adults with eye diseases.
recently , criteria to better characterise pd-mci and its subtypes have been produced by the movement disorder society.
further work is required , however , to determine the significance of pd-mci and also to validate the diagnostic criteria.
at the present time , no drug therapies are available for pd-mci.
management includes screening for the disorder , excluding treatable causes of cognitive decline and cautious use of dopamine agonists and medications such as anticholinergics.
senescence is a cellular response to damage and stress.
the senescence response prevents cancer by suppressing the proliferation of cells with a compromised genome and contributes to optimal wound healing in normal tissues.
understanding how senescent cells alter the microenvironment would be aided by the ability to induce or eliminate senescent cells at will in vivo.
using this system , we effectively eliminated xenografted normal human senescent fibroblasts or induced senescence in human breast cancer cells in vivo.
methods : morris , y , and the elevated plus mazes were used.
western blot , quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) , and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to study the levels of ad biomarkers.
results : cognitive impairment was observed in mice exposed as infants but not as adults.
conclusions : a window of vulnerability to pb neurotoxicity exists in the developing brain that can influence ad pathogenesis and cognitive decline in old age.
results : one spouse's health shock affects the health of the other partner.
results indicate that a spouse's onset of a severe health condition worsens the mental health of women and the self-reported health of men.
discussion : these findings illustrate that the family context of spouses is important to consider when examining health.
objectives : adults hold negative attitudes toward sexual expression in late life.
we investigated knowledge and attitudes about older adult sexuality and dementia among staff in nursing homes ( nhs ) .
method : we acquired staff demographics , knowledge of dementia and sexuality , and attitudes of sexuality.
staff participated in focus groups and received continuing education credit.
results : the three nhs had an average census of @number@ beds.
participants ' ( n = 100 ) mean age was @number@
participants endorsed neutral attitudes about late-life sexuality.
focus groups revealed a need for more training and effective interventions to balance resident safety and autonomy.
objectives : to identify age differences in physical activity ( pa ) participation for women.
at age 75 + further substantial decline in most activities occurred.
nativity status was the most important moderator for age-related pa decline.
conclusions : total pa declines with age but significant decline does not occur until ages @number@ to @number@
major decline in leisure pa participation starts earlier at ages @number@ to @number@
while age-related declining patterns differ for different activities , the top five most popular leisure activities are similar for all age groups.
the development of gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex multistep process involving multiple genetic alterations.
based on pathology , four different macroscopic types and at least two major histological types , intestinal and diffuse , have been described.
molecular studies of alterations of single genes have provided evidence that intestinal and diffuse type gc evolve via different genetic pathways.
recent results from high-throughput whole-genome expression or copy number studies have demonstrated extensive genetic diversity between cases and within individual gc.
language abilities are known to deteriorate in aging , possibly related to decreased functional and structural connectivity within specialized brain networks.
young compared to older adults exhibited superior syntactic performance and stronger fc within the mainly left-lateralized syntax network , which was beneficial for performance.
in both groups , performance was positively correlated with inter-hemispheric sc.
for intra-hemispheric sc , performance correlated with structural integrity of slf in young adults and with integrity of uf in older adults.
our data show that reduced syntactic ability in older adults is associated with decreased fc within dedicated syntax networks.
in sum , our study provided novel insight into the relationship between connectivity and syntactic performance in young and older adults.
older people need to make up for age-related changes in protein metabolism , such as high splanchnic extraction and declining anabolic responses to ingested protein.
they also need more protein to offset inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases that occur commonly with aging.
older people are vulnerable to losses in physical function capacity , and such losses predict loss of independence , falls , and even mortality.
thus , future studies aimed at pinpointing optimal protein intake in specific populations of older people need to include measures of physical function.
werner syndrome is genetically linked to mutations in wrn that encodes a dna helicase-nuclease believed to operate at stalled replication forks.
thus , when the fanconi anemia pathway is defective , wrn helicase inhibition perturbs the normal icl response , leading to nhej activation.
potential implication for treatment of fanconi anemia-deficient tumors by their sensitization to dna cross-linking agents is discussed.
after application of quality measures , results were aggregated in a random effects analysis.
there is significant oxidative damage in peripheral blood early in the process of neurodegeneration.
this strategy may be most effectively applied in a clinical trial of primary prevention.
cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) is a common accompaniment of ageing.
features seen on neuroimaging include recent small subcortical infarcts , lacunes , white matter hyperintensities , perivascular spaces , microbleeds , and brain atrophy.
svd can present as a stroke or cognitive decline , or can have few or no symptoms.
svd frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease , and can exacerbate cognitive deficits , physical disabilities , and other symptoms of neurodegeneration.
terminology and definitions for imaging the features of svd vary widely , which is also true for protocols for image acquisition and image analysis.
this lack of consistency hampers progress in identifying the contribution of svd to the pathophysiology and clinical features of common neurodegenerative diseases.
we are an international working group from the centres of excellence in neurodegeneration.
we completed a structured process to develop definitions and imaging standards for markers and consequences of svd.
this position paper summarises the main outcomes of this international effort to provide the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging ( strive ) .
background : endothelial colony-forming cells ( ecfc ) are endowed with vascular regenerative ability in vivo and in vitro.
genotypes were analysed by commercially available microarray assays and results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.
hla antigen expression was evaluated by flow-cytometry.
immunogenic capacity was investigated by evaluating the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes and monocytes in co-cultures with ecfc.
results : microarray assays revealed that the genetic profile of cord blood and adult ecfc differed in about @percent@ of examined genes.
we found that cord blood ecfc were characterised by lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression as compared to adult ecfc.
finally , we observed no differences in the amount of hla antigens expressed among cord blood ecfc , adult ecfc and mesenchymal cells.
conclusions : our observations suggest that cord blood ecfc have a lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic profile than adult ecfc.
these preliminary data offer level-headed evidence to use cord blood ecfc as a cell therapy product in vascular diseases.
objective : to investigate whether automatic auditory post-processing is deficient in patients with alzheimer's disease and is related to sensory gating.
patients with alzheimer's disease were compared to a healthy age-matched control group.
a young healthy control group was included to assess effects of physiological aging.
its amplitude correlated with short-term memory capacity , but was independent of sensory gating in healthy elderly controls.
source analysis revealed a dipole pair in the anterior temporal lobes.
conclusion : results suggest that auditory post-processing is deficient in alzheimer's disease , but is not typically related to sensory gating.
the deficit could neither be explained by physiological aging nor by problems in earlier stages of auditory perception.
correlations with short-term memory capacity and executive control tasks suggested an association with memory encoding and / or overall cognitive control deficits.
significance : an auditory late negative wave could represent a marker of auditory working memory encoding deficits in alzheimer's disease.
in this study , we aimed to evaluate the validity of the credos ischemia classification system.
a total of @number@ patients with cognitive impairments were included.
their wmh scores were rated using the credos wmh visual rating scale.
these patients were divided into @number@ groups according to the credos ischemia classification system.
the volume of wmh was also automatically measured.
the number of lacunes and microbleeds ( mbs ) were counted.
external validation was performed in another group of patients with cognitive impairment using multinomial logistic regression analysis.
the credos wmh visual rating scale showed excellent correlation with the automatically measured volume of wmh.
the factor analysis showed that the severe group was expanded to d3p1 and d3p2 in the revised credos ischemia classification system.
we validated a newly developed classification system for ischemia.
this simple visual classification system was capable of providing information on vascular risk factors and cvd markers by simply rating wmh on magnetic resonance imaging.
also , high body iron levels may contribute to increase the oxidative stress by the generation of reactive oxygen species.
methods : cross-sectional prospective study , carried out with @number@ randomly selected subjects ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) .
multiple linear regression ( mlr ) models were applied to analyze the association between diet factors and iron biomarkers on tbars and orac levels.
results : we observed that lipoperoxidation measured by tbars increased by age but no differences were observed by sex.
antioxidant capacity measured by orac is independent of age and sex.
vegetables , vitamin c intake and serum ferritin were positively associated with orac , whereas saturated fatty acids and meat intake were negatively associated.
conclusions : in our general population , we observed that oxidative stress is related to aging , but antioxidant capacity is not.
objective : to explore seroepidemiological status and vaccine coverage of hepatitis b in children aging under @number@ years old in chaoyang district of beijing.
those whose hbsag was positive were then tested hbeag and anti-hbe.
the positive rate of hepatitis b indicators and coverage rate of hepb in different population were compared.
the positive rate of anti-hbs was statistically significant ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
the difference was statistically significant ( χ ( @number@ ) = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
it is suggested that we should pay more attention to increase the coverage rate of hepb among floating children under @number@ years old.
background : borderline personality disorder ( bpd ) is well-known to be a clinically severe and impairing diagnosis.
research shows that bpd symptoms decrease in severity over time.
however , a subset of patients with bpd continue to meet criteria for the disorder in older adulthood.
little is known about this subset.
perception of bpd as a young-person's diagnosis could lead to under recognition in older patients.
method : over @number@ psychiatric outpatients were evaluated with semi-structured diagnostic interviews.
forty-six older adults ( age 45-68 ) and @number@ younger adults ( age 18-25 ) met criteria for bpd.
results : both groups reported high levels of functional impairment and axis i comorbidity.
older adults were more likely to endorse chronic emptiness , and less likely to endorse impulsivity , self-harm , and affective instability.
older adults also reported fewer substance use disorders , more lifetime hospitalizations and higher social impairment.
it is important to assess less prototypic features of bpd to avoid overlooking borderline personality features in this population.
down syndrome ( ds ) is the result of triplication of chromosome @number@ ( trisomy @number@ ) and is the prevailing cause of mental retardation.
the theory of cognitive reserve attempts to explain why some individuals are more resilient to age-related brain pathology.
efforts to explore reserve have been hindered by measurement difficulties.
reed et al.
this residual variance represents the discrepancy between an individual's predicted and actual memory performance.
results support this operational measure of reserve.
finally , the residual reserve variable moderated the negative impact of memory variance explained by brain pathology on language decline.
this method has the potential to facilitate research on the mechanisms of cognitive reserve and the efficacy of interventions designed to impart reserve.
similar to oxygen , iron is essential for aerobic life and energy production.
akin to oxygen , iron can be toxic and accelerate the aging process.
increasing the frequency of blood donation may thus significantly contribute to both individual and social wellbeing.
objective : to determine whether there is an association between sleep position and the appearance of facial wrinkles and facial descent.
materials and methods : one hundred women were questioned about their sleep position preference.
an independent expert observer evaluated frontal images with digital laterality randomization to identify the side with more wrinkles and more ptosis.
results : forty-one right-sided sleepers and @number@ left-sided sleepers were identified.
conclusion : sleep side preference was not significantly correlated with the appearance of wrinkles or facial descent.
objectives : to determine whether alcohol use changes over time in older adults and whether alcohol intake is associated with common chronic diseases.
design : twenty-four-year longitudinal study.
setting : southern california community.
participants : one thousand seventy-six members of the rancho bernardo cohort aged @number@ to @number@ at baseline.
measurements : participants completed two to six research visits at approximately 4-year intervals between @number@ and @number@
at each visit , participants completed standard questionnaires on alcohol use , chronic diseases , and behaviors.
mixed-effects linear models were used to examine changes in average weekly alcohol intake over time and in relationship to health status.
results : prevalence and frequency of alcohol use was high throughout the study , with more than @percent@ of participants reporting weekly alcohol intake.
the average amount consumed declined with advancing age , regardless of the presence of any of the eight most common chronic diseases.
prevalence of drinking in excess of age- and sex-specific low-risk guidelines was high across all visits and did not vary according to disease burden.
despite this decrease , a high proportion of older adults , including those with common chronic health conditions , drank in excess of current guidelines.
clinicians should provide more education on the importance of older adults moderating alcohol intake.
design : focus group study.
setting : alzheimer's association support groups for family members of individuals with dementia.
measurements : focus group transcripts were transcribed and analyzed using methods of grounded theory.
results : caregivers considered decisions to stop cancer screening in terms of quality of life and burden on the patient and caregiver.
many described having to intervene in the patient's care to stop unnecessary or harmful screening , and others met resistance when they advocated for stopping.
physicians varied widely in their knowledge of dementia care and willingness to consider cessation of screening.
conclusion : many family caregivers wish to stop cancer screening tests as dementia progresses and are relieved when physicians bring it up.
caregivers are open to discussions of screening cessation that focus on quality of life , burdens , and benefits.
there is no general agreement about the effects of ethnicity , gender and age on rssc.
the aim of this human volunteer study was to evaluate rssc in relation to ethnicity , gender and age.
a suitable acquisition medium for rssc collection was identified and samples of rssc were subsequently analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( gc-ms ) and gravimetry.
methods : a total of @number@ volunteers participated in the study from a range of self-declared ethnic backgrounds.
six acquisition media were compared to determine the most suitable media for rssc collection.
results : of the six candidate materials assessed , cigarette paper provided the most practical and reproducible sample acquisition medium.
up to @number@ compounds were detected from human rssc when analysed by gc-ms.
conclusions : the results of the present study suggest that rssc can be effectively collected using cigarette paper and analysed by gc-ms.
ethnicity , gender and age had no significant impact on the quantity of rssc recovered from the skin surface.
objectives : we determined whether community-level income inequality was associated with mortality among a cohort of older adults in são paulo , brazil.
we used survival analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality and risk for mortality among older individuals living in @number@ districts of são paulo.
conclusions : we did not find a dose-response relationship between area-level income inequality and mortality.
our findings could be consistent with either a threshold association of income inequality and mortality or little overall association.
research suggests that in the elderly , the presence of comorbidities may impact the muscle mass / strength relationship.
methods : data were obtained from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2002 databases.
subjects aged @number@ years and older were included in the present study.
muscle mass was assessed by height-adjusted appendicular skeleton muscle mass ( aasm ) in kg / m2 , as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
muscle strength was assessed via isokinetic quadriceps strength ( iqs ) in newton as measured by a dynamometer.
the relationship between aasm and iqs was assessed adjusting for age and gender.
the effects of a variety of comorbidities on iqs and / or on the relationship between iqs and aasm were assessed using multiple regression models.
results : this study included @number@ individuals , with a mean age of @number@ years and @percent@ of whom were female.
after adjusting for age and gender , the correlation coefficient between aasm and iqs was @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
objectives : we examined the relationship between childhood and adult socioeconomic position ( sep ) and objectively assessed , later-life functioning.
results : each performance measure was socially graded.
those at the top of the childhood sep distribution had between @percent@ and @percent@ better performance than those at the bottom.
inequalities generally persisted after adjustment for adult sep.
when we combined the @number@ performance measures , the relative difference was @percent@ ( @percent@ confidence interval = @percent@ , @percent@ ) .
conclusions : public health practice should monitor and target inequalities in functional performance , as well as risk of disease and death.
effective strategies will need to affect the social determinants of health in early life to influence inequalities into old age.
rotator cuff injuries are a common clinical problem either as a result of overuse or aging.
biological approaches to tendon repair that involve use of scaffolding materials or cell-based approaches are currently being investigated.
the cell-based approaches are focused on applying multipotent mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) mostly harvested from bone marrow.
we isolated mscs from bursa tissue associated with rotator cuff tendons and characterized them for multilineage differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
human bursa was obtained from patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery and cells within were isolated using collagenase and dispase digestion.
the cells isolated from the tissues were characterized for osteoblastic , adipogenic , chondrogenic , and tenogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
the cells exhibited high proliferative capacity and differentiated toward cells of mesenchymal lineages with high efficiency.
bursa-derived cells expressed markers of tenocytes when treated with bone morphogenetic protein-12 ( bmp-12 ) and assumed aligned morphology in culture.
bursa cells pretreated with bmp-12 and seeded in ceramic scaffolds formed extensive bone , as well as tendon-like tissue in vivo.
bone formation was demonstrated by histological analysis and immunofluorescence for dmp-1 in tissue sections made from the scaffolds seeded with the cells.
tendon-like tissue formed in vivo consisted of parallel collagen fibres typical of tendon tissues.
bursa-derived cells also formed a fibrocartilagenous tissue in the ceramic scaffolds.
taken together , the results demonstrate a new source of mscs with a high potential for application in tendon repair.
a positive association remained when replacing wc by ico ≥ @number@ ( a nationally obtained ratio ) in atpiii mets definition ( modatpiii ) .
patients with modatpiii had lower mpsv when compared to non-mets patients ( @number@ versus @number@ p < @number@ ) .
only the idf definition had a significant association with ad ( or = @number@ 95%ci , @number@.202-2.857 ) .
conclusions : ico revealed potential value to predict pddu changes in a mets context.
however , idf definition presented a stronger correlation with arteriogenic ed.
although longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis , our study highlights the importance of different mets definitions for ed assessment.
@number@ nm , p = @number@ mw ) to treat the young 2bs cells.
cell growth and proliferation was observed through mtt method after treating with low power laser.
the relative telomere length of 2bs cells was detected by fluorescence real-time quantitative pcr ( q-pcr ) .
the results showed that the cells of the treated groups grew better than the untreated groups.
the results of the present study indicated that the low power he-ne laser might decrease shortening rate of telomere and delay the aging of cells.
complex fluctuations within physiological signals can be used to evaluate the health of the human body.
data acquisition for each participant lasted @number@ minutes.
we obtained data related to consecutive time series with r-r interval ( rri ) and pulse transit time ( ptt ) .
this study used mce in the quantification of complexity between rri and ptt time series.
methods : we describe a method to determine correlations in ( @number@ ) f-fdg spatial distribution over time.
this parameter is termed the regional ( @number@ ) f-fdg time correlation coefficient ( rftc ) .
all subject data were downloaded from the alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative.
results : the rftc values of controls remained fairly constant over time ( @number@ annual change ; @percent@ confidence interval , @number@.010-0.004 ) .
after a linear effect of time was accounted for , visit-to-visit changes in rftc correlated with visit-to-visit changes in all @number@ cognitive tests.
conclusion : longitudinal changes in rftc detect subtle metabolic changes in individuals associated with variations in their cognition.
this analytic tool may be useful for a patient-based monitoring of cognitive decline.
in the present study , smap2 is detected on the tgn in the pachytene spermatocyte to the round spermatid stages of spermatogenesis.
gene targeting reveals that smap2-deficient male mice are healthy and survive to adulthood but are infertile and exhibit globozoospermia.
calm functions to regulate vesicle sizes , and this study shows that calm is not recruited to the tgn in the absence of smap2.
thus this study reveals a link between smap2 and calm / syntaxin2 in clathrin-coated vesicle formation from the tgn and subsequent acrosome formation.
smap2-deficient mice provide a model for globozoospermia in humans.
context : vitamin d is known to influence muscle health.
a reduction in muscle mass increases the risk of functional limitations among older individuals.
objective : the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between vitamin d status and functional limitations.
design , setting , and participants : two independent cohorts of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam were used.
main outcome measures : questions on the ability and degree of difficulty to perform @number@ functions of daily life were asked.
results : of the participants , @percent@ in the older cohort and @percent@ in the younger cohort had ≥1 limitation.
analyses were adjusted for confounders.
leber hereditary optic neuropathy is a well-known mitochondrial disorder that leads to bilateral subacute visual failure.
although visual impairment is often the sole clinical feature , additional and severe neurologic abnormalities also have been documented for this disease.
we report on a 13-year-old boy who has presented with severe visual failure since early childhood in a context of prematurity.
in the first years of his life , clinical features included delayed psychomotor development and ataxia.
the mitochondrial dna point mutation 11778g > a was identified in the nd4 gene.
this stems from their roles in the stability of telomere structure and in the inhibition of dna damage response at telomeres.
uncapping these proteins from chromosome ends leads to dramatic telomere loss and telomere dysfunction which is more abrupt than those induced by telomerase inactivation.
thus , these telomeric factors might be potential clinical biomarkers for early detection or even therapeutic targets of aging and cancer.
future studies to elucidate how these proteins function in telomere protection might benefit patients suffering aging or cancer who are not sensitive to telomerase mediation.
design : a pilot randomized controlled trial.
setting : research centre and participants ' homes.
interventions : seventeen hours of group and individual training.
participants in the experimental arm received education about self-management , successful aging and an occupation-based meta-cognitive strategy-training program.
participants in the control arm received education about brain health and participated in cognitively stimulating exercises.
main measures : changes on untrained , everyday life goals were identified using the canadian occupational performance measure.
there were no significant between group differences on objective measures of executive function.
the aging population has resulted in an increasing need for long-term enteral nutrition of patients with a wide range of disabling conditions.
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is one of the applicable methods for long-term enteral nutrition support.
the buried bumper syndrome is a rarely encountered but grave complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
various internal and external methods have been described for the removal of the buried bumper.
we report a case of buried bumper syndrome as a late complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement.
we removed the buried bumper with external traction and placed a new percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in a different site because of the peristomal infection.
elder abuse appears to be widely underestimated by health professionals.
we aimed to evaluate the recognition of elder abuse among italian nurses and nursing students related to their professional , personal experiences and socio-demographic characteristics.
data on age , gender , previous professional and personal experiences as well as nursing school teaching were collected.
neglect was recognized by @number@ % of nurses and @number@ % of students , respectively.
the majority of nurses and students correctly identified non-abusive strategies.
reporting being taught on elder abuse was inversely associated with a good performance in detecting neglect.
standardized education in healthcare core curriculum , reference guidance and training are strongly needed to improve elder abuse recognition in italy.
background : uk care home residents are often poorly served by existing healthcare arrangements.
national health service ( nhs ) resource use data were collected from databases of local healthcare providers.
results : out of a total of @number@ @number@ residents were recruited.
the mean number of diagnoses per resident was @number@ ( sd : @number@ ) .
thirty per cent were malnourished , @percent@ had evidence of behavioural disturbance.
residents had contact with the nhs on average once per month.
effective care for such a cohort requires broad expertise from multiple disciplines delivered in a co-ordinated and managed way.
hippocampal sclerosis of aging ( hs-aging ) is a causative factor in a large proportion of elderly dementia cases.
hs-aging is also strongly associated with tdp-43 pathology.
hs-aging pathology appears to be most prevalent in the oldest-old : autopsy series indicate that 5-30 % of nonagenarians have hs-aging pathology.
among prior studies , differences in study design have contributed to the study-to-study variability in reported disease prevalence.
the presence of hs-aging pathology correlates with significant cognitive impairment which is often misdiagnosed as ad clinically.
the antemortem diagnosis is further confounded by other diseases linked to hippocampal atrophy including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and cerebrovascular pathologies.
recent advances characterizing the neurocognitive profile of hs-aging patients have begun to provide clues that may help identify living individuals with hs-aging pathology.
data are presented from individuals who were followed with neurocognitive and neuroradiologic measurements , followed by neuropathologic evaluation at the university of kentucky.
finally , we discuss factors that are hypothesized to cause or modify the disease.
we conclude that the published literature on hs-aging provides strong evidence of an important and under-appreciated brain disease of aging.
unfortunately , there is no therapy or preventive strategy currently available.
human motor activity has a robust , intrinsic fractal structure with similar patterns from minutes to hours.
both mouse models exhibit aβ deposition in the brain , but with different onset and progression trajectories.
surprisingly , the same mice showed a threefold increase in total endogenous murine tau in csf at the stages when aβ pathology became prominent.
the results mirror the temporal sequence and magnitude of aβ and tau changes in the csf of patients with sporadic and dominantly inherited ad.
these findings also suggest that app transgenic mouse models may be useful in the search for new disease markers for ad.
prohibitins are highly conserved proteins mainly implicated in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and architecture.
their dysfunctions are associated with aging , cancer , obesity , and inflammation.
however , their possible role in pancreatic β-cells remains unknown.
the current study documents the expression of prohibitins in human and rodent islets and their key role for β-cell function and survival.
remarkably , these events progressed over a 3-week period of time after weaning.
in the first @number@ years of cell culture , the development of new cell lines was mainly based on trial and error.
this endeavor has been supported by the availability of new technological achievements and increasing knowledge about the biology of cell differentiation and cell-cell communication.
here , we review some promising developments that are contributing toward this goal.
these include molecular tools frequently used for the immortalization process.
subsequently , autophagosomes communicate with the lysosomal compartment and acquire acidic hydrolases for final cargo degradation.
under nutrient-poor conditions , inhibited mtorc1 permits localized ptdins ( @number@ ) p production at particular membranes that contribute to autophagosome formation.
in common with other targeted kinase inhibitors , tumours are likely to adapt and acquire resistance to mtor inhibitors.
however , research on the health status of individuals with hd is limited.
hoarding symptoms and the resulting clutter may exacerbate health conditions and lead to improper management of medical illnesses.
objective : the purpose of this study is to characterize the health status of older adults with hoarding.
the rates of medical conditions will be compared to a non-psychiatric peer group.
hoarding severity significantly predicted the total number of medical conditions.
further , the vast majority of hd patients reported at least one medical condition.
conclusion : this is alarming given that hoarding patients utilized health services less than typical for older adults.
given the health status of older adults with hd , interventions should target the prevention and management of medical conditions.
trans-resveratrol , a polyphenol extracted from vitis vinifera , has different beneficial effects following its administration on the skin.
here the potential use of binary systems to enhance in vitro and in vivo activity of trans-resveratrol was investigated.
then , the solid dispersion of trans-resveratrol with peg or inclusion complexes trans-resveratrol / βcd were prepared and characterised by different methods.
telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are important for maintaining genome stability and integrity.
telomere dysfunction has been linked to aging and cancer development.
in comparison , how changes in growth signaling pathways impact telomeres and telomere-binding proteins remains largely unexplored.
in this study , we provide evidence that the akt signaling pathway plays an important role in telomere protection.
akt inhibition either by chemical inhibitors or small interfering rnas induced telomere dysfunction.
furthermore , we found that tpp1 could homodimerize through its ob-fold , a process that was dependent on the akt kinase.
telomere damage and reduced tpp1 dimerization as a result of akt inhibition was also accompanied by diminished recruitment of tpp1 and pot1 to the telomeres.
our findings highlight a previously unknown link between akt signaling and telomere protection.
however , its biological effect on tau protein is unknown.
in vitro and in vivo studies show that 12-15lo modulates tau metabolism specifically via the cdk5 kinase pathway.
associated with these changes were biochemical markers of synaptic pathology.
finally , 12-15lo-dependent alteration of tau metabolism was independent from an effect on aβ.
we explored knowledge , attitudes , and practices associated with the menopause transition particular to women in the multi-ethnic cultural context of singapore.
fifty-eight chinese , malay , and indian singaporean women participated in interviews that were audiorecorded , transcribed verbatim , and analyzed using thematic analysis.
women from all three ethnicities described an attitude of acceptance surrounding menopause and the changes associated with it.
management practices were diverse and rarely involved accessing health professionals.
societal aging raises challenging ethical questions regarding the just distribution of health care between young and old.
while important objections have been raised against the prudential life span account , it continues to dominate scholarly debates.
this article introduces a new objection , one that develops out of the well-established disability critique of social contract theories.
i show the implications of this critique for the prudential life span account and for the special case of age-group justice.
i propose an alternative approach that avoids the disability objection , and consider its implications for specific proposals for age-based rationing of health care.
context : equol is a polyphenolic / isoflavonoid molecule that can be expressed as isomers.
however , the characteristics of the equol isomers on dermal gene / protein expression and human skin percutaneous absorption remain unknown.
collagen type i expression in fibroblasts was greater with racemic versus s-equol treatment at @number@ and @number@ nm.
percutaneous absorption demonstrated high sequestering in keratinocytes with subsequent accumulation / release over time.
we evaluated the consistency of the two questionnaires with sex hormone levels.
significant correlations were observed between the result of the two questionnaires and these hormone levels.
several sex hormone levels correlated with the two questionnaires , but neither of these questionnaires had sufficient sensitivity and specificity.
it is necessary to provide a new questionnaire applicable to the chinese population to screening loh.
this study sought to explore the lived experiences of physically active prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) , who exercise individually.
data were gathered using individual semi-structured interviews , audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.
three notions emerged : getting started , having a routine and being with music.
together they reveal what drew the participants to exercising regularly despite the challenges associated with their cancer and treatments.
this study provides insights into the benefits of , and what it means for , older men with prostate cancer to regularly exercise individually.
negative attitudes toward patients with a history of illicit drug use can adversely affect the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship , resulting in suboptimal patient care.
objective : to investigate the epidemiology of late-onset hypogonadism ( loh ) in old and middle-aged males in the rural area of southern china.
results : the mean age of the males was @number@ + / - @number@ years.
conclusion : ours was the first survey on the epidemiology of loh among old and middle-aged males in the rural area of china.
free radicals and oxidative stress have been recognized as important factors in the biology of aging and in many age-associated degenerative diseases.
antioxidant systems deteriorate during aging.
phytochemicals present in fruits , vegetables , grains , and other foodstuffs have been linked to reducing the risk of major oxidative stress-induced diseases.
some dietary components of foods possess biological activities which influence circadian rhythms in humans.
the human brain is a complex system whose topological organization can be represented using connectomics.
however , given the huge complexity of this methodology , toolboxes for graph-based network visualization are still lacking.
the figure can be manipulated with certain interaction functions to display more detailed information.
furthermore , the figures can be exported as commonly used image file formats or demonstration video for further use.
age-adjusted 5-year relative survival was higher in women ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p < 0.0001 ) .
on the contrary , sex differences in survival did not vary by location of crc.
the effect of sex hormones , either endogenous or through hormonal replacement therapy , might be the most plausible explanation for the observed patterns.
background : hip fracture patients have , in several studies , been shown to have excessive mortality.
there is , however , a lack of mortality data , in comparison to incidence data , from the last decade in particular.
patients and methods : fragility hip fracture patients in the two most southern counties in norway who experienced fractures in @number@ and @number@ were studied.
for each patient , three controls were randomly recruited from the background population matched for age , sex , and residency.
overall , age- , gender- , and group-specific mortality rates were calculated.
results : a total of @number@ ( @number@ male and @number@ female ) patients with a fragility hip fracture were identified.
the high mortality in hip fracture patients remains a challenge both in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
optimization of post-fracture treatment and care could reduce mortality of hip fracture in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
our body habitat-associated microbial communities are of intense research interest because of their influence on human health.
however , differences in experimental protocols used may produce variation that outweighs biological differences.
experimental design : forty-four cognitively healthy middle-age adults underwent baseline dti and longitudinal t1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
tensor-based morphometry methods were used to evaluate volume change over time.
baseline fa was used as a predictor variable , whereas gray and white matter atrophy rates as indexed by tensor-based morphometry were the dependent variables.
conclusions : brain change with aging is characterized by extensive shrinkage of white matter.
baseline white matter microstructure as indexed by dti was associated with some of the observed regional volume loss.
the findings suggest that both white matter volume loss and microstructural alterations should be considered more prominently in models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
objective : to examine the experiences of primary care consultation among older adults with symptomatic foot osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
semistructured interviews explored the nature of the foot problem , help-seeking behaviors , and consultation experiences.
verbatim transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.
self-management was commonly negotiated alongside multimorbidities.
conclusion : this is the first qualitative study of primary care experiences among patients with symptomatic foot oa.
the experience of primary care seldom appeared to move beyond a label of arthritis and an unwelcome emphasis on pharmacologic treatment.
psychometric properties and factor structure were analysed , and factor scores created.
gender differences , differences between persons from different age groups and persons reporting the environment as facilitating , hindering or neutral were calculated.
eight items were deleted so that the final version of cbe-sr comprises @number@ items.
cronbach's alpha ranged from @number@ to @number@ and test-retest stability was demonstrated for the majority of items.
the cbe-sr is a four-scale instrument with good psychometric properties that measures the person-environment interaction.
it is sensitive across age groups and is consistent with the subject's overall judgement of the degree to which the environment is facilitating or hindering.
key practitioner message : poor built environments have a negative impact on the level of a person's participation.
however , instruments measuring the person-environment interaction are lacking.
to overcome this partial coverage of icf functioning categories , new assessment instruments have been developed.
practitioner message : mapping exercises are valid procedures to understand the extent to which a survey protocol covers the spectrum of functioning.
new instruments are therefore needed for researchers to properly understand the health and disability of ageing populations.
objective : to examine the associations of foot posture and foot function to foot pain.
methods : data were collected on @number@ members of the framingham study cohort who completed foot examinations in 2002-2008.
foot posture was categorized as normal , planus , or cavus using static pressure measurements of the arch index.
foot function was categorized as normal , pronated , or supinated using the center of pressure excursion index from dynamic pressure measurements.
conclusion : planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with foot symptoms.
interventions that modify abnormal foot posture and function may therefore have a role in the prevention and treatment of foot pain.
same-gendered and near-aged participants were selected and were instructed to collect their urine in sterile nickel-free plastic containers.
the level of ni was measured and the correlation coefficient was calculated.
data were analyzed using t tests , pearson's correlation coefficients , and linear regression analysis , at a level of significance p < @number@
the statistical analysis has showed significant difference in ni level between endodontic and control groups ( p < @number@ ) .
the amount of ni element can be increased in the urine of patients who have experienced broken endodontic instrument inside the dental canal.
the health of individuals is highly heterogeneous , as is the rate at which they age.
changes in the fi characterize the rate of individual aging.
these features have been demonstrated in dozens of studies.
even so , little is known about the origin of deficit accumulation.
the age-associated increase in recovery time results in the accumulation of deficits.
human and mouse alkaline phosphatases ( ap ) are encoded by a multigene family expressed ubiquitously in multiple tissues.
tnap inhibitors , discussed extensively in this book , are in development to prevent pathological arterial calcification.
akp3 ( - / - ) mice display gut dysbiosis and are more prone to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis than wild-type mice.
of relevance , oral administration of recombinant calf iap prevents the dysbiosis and protects the gut from chronic colitis.
analogous to the role of iap in the gut , tnap expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult.
finally , more recent studies suggest that neuronal death in alzheimer's disease may also be associated with tnap function on certain brain-specific phosphoproteins.
this review recounts the established roles of tnap and iap and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes.
the aging u.s. population will approach @percent@ of the total population by @number@
dna methylation is an important epigenetic modification and is frequently altered in cancer.
recent reports showed that level of @number@ hmc was altered in various types of cancers.
however , the change of @number@ hmc level in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) and association with clinical outcome were not well defined.
here , we reported that level of @number@ hmc was decreased in hcc tissues , as compared with non-tumor tissues.
clincopathological analysis showed the decreased level of @number@ hmc in hcc was associated with tumor size , afp level and poor overall survival.
we also found that the decreased level of @number@ hmc in non-tumor tissues was associated with tumor recurrence in the first year after surgical resection.
there was further reduction of @number@ hmc in tumor tissues when tumors were developed.
furthermore , our data showed that expression of tet1 , but not tet2 and tet3 , was downregulated in hcc.
in all , @number@ of @number@ patients aged @number@ and above , from @number@ different saxon general practices took part.
we recognized that @percent@ of the patients were able to fill in the questionnaire by themselves.
it took them an average of approximately @number@ minutes to do so.
further analysis of @number@ randomly selected patients identified @number@ previously unknown problems ( @number@ per patient ) .
in the practitioners ' opinion , @percent@ of these problems , particularly physiological and mental ones , could lead to immediate consequences.
remarkably , newly identified psychosocial problems were not followed by any consequences.
fourteen of the @number@ questionnaire items were not answered by more than @percent@ of the participants.
eight of the @number@ frequently unanswered items were marked as difficult to understand by the patients.
altogether the self-rating version of the step was found to be feasible and useful.
it was well accepted among patients ; however , some questions need further review to improve their comprehensibility.
this paper investigates the relationship between the concept of activity ( including both professional and nonprofessional ) and cognitive functioning among older european individuals.
the analysis reveals that all activities are positively related to cognitive functioning in elderly people.
context : the relationship between tsh and t₄ is thought to be inverse log-linear , but recent studies have challenged this.
there are limited data regarding age and sex differences in the tsh-t₄ relationship.
objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tsh-free t₄ relationship in a large sample.
results : the relationship between log tsh and free t₄ was nonlinear.
conclusions : the tsh-free t₄ relationship is not inverse log-linear but can be described by @number@ overlapping negative sigmoid curves.
these results advance understanding of the tsh-free t₄ relationship , which is central to thyroid pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of thyroid disease.
vital status was ascertained in @number@ men and women aged greater than or equal to @number@ years from the inchianti study.
hormonal levels were categorized into quartiles , and ratio of igf-1 to igf-binding protein ( igfbp ) -1 was calculated.
the relationship between hormones and mortality was tested by cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age , sex , and confounders.
during the 8-year follow-up period , @number@ died and @number@ survived.
lowest quartiles of igf-1 and igfbp-1 were considered as reference.
igfbp-1 in second-third quartiles was negatively associated and that in the fourth quartiles was positively associated with risk of death.
high igfbp-1 and low igf-1 / igfbp-1 ratio are associated with all-cause mortality in older population.
it may also increase the accuracy of material placement.
injection into @number@ nlf was made via artiste , and injection into the other nlf was made via manual delivery.
results : mean filler volume was @number@ ml for the artiste-treated nlf and @number@ ml for manually treated nlf.
one investigator used significantly less volume with artiste than with manual injection ( @number@ ml vs @number@ ml ; p = @number@ ) .
blinded evaluators rated wrinkle severity rating scale ( wsrs ) results as \ "identical \ " in @percent@ of patients.
investigator questionnaires showed a clear and statistically significant preference for artiste over manual injection in all parameters ( p < @number@ ) .
objective : depression might be a prodromal stage of dementia.
many factors contribute to the etiology of depression and dementia , being inflammation one of those.
methods : immune molecules were evaluated in monocytes of ad , lod patients , and controls using flow cytometry.
results : interestingly , interleukin @number@ beta ( il-1β ) expressing cd14 + monocytes were increased in ad patients compared with controls.
lod presented intermediate frequency of cd14 + monocytes expressing il-1β between controls and ad patients.
quality of life ( qol ) has been defined in many ways , and these definitions usually emphasize happiness and satisfaction with life.
health-related problems are known to cause lower qol.
however , the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in qol measured by questionnaire ( qolmq ) in young healthy subjects are unknown.
these findings suggest that these processes might be related to qolmq in healthy young adults.
however , little is known about the relationship between insight , cognitive decline , and other psychiatric or behavioral problems associated with ad.
methods : this study included @number@ outpatients who met criteria for probable ad.
instruments included the neurobehavioral rating scale , the apathy evaluation scale , and the mini mental state exam.
results : insight was found to significantly predict depressed mood , anxiety , and apathy even after controlling for global cognition.
greater insight was found to be associated with depressed mood and anxiety.
however , impaired insight was associated with higher levels of apathy.
published @number@
this article is a u.s. government work and is in the public domain in the usa.
annual costs are enormous for musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia and for bone and muscle injuries , costing billions annually in health care.
many countries , including the usa , publish predicted numbers of cancer incidence and death in current and future years for the whole country.
these predictions provide important information on the cancer burden for cancer control planners , policymakers and the general public.
the natural extension is to directly apply the jpm to county-level cancer incidence data.
the direct application has several drawbacks and its performance has not been evaluated.
to address the concerns , we developed a spatial random-effects jpm for county-level cancer incidence data.
the proposed model was used to predict both cancer incidence rates and counts at the county level.
the standard jpm and the proposed method were compared through a validation study.
as an application , we predicted county-level prostate cancer incidence rates and counts for the year @number@ in connecticut.
objective : during recent decades , the prevalence of metabolic morbidity has increased rapidly in adult greenlandic inuit.
to what extent this is also reflected in the juvenile inuit population is unknown.
the tendencies toward higher prevalence of diabetes and metabolic morbidity in the adult greenlandic inuit population may also be present in the inuit children population.
long-term ppi treatment is associated with an increased risk of fractures in the general population.
several studies have suggested a relationship between vascular calcification , which is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , impaired bone metabolism and fractures.
in dialysis patients , vascular calcifications are widespread and are connected to bone health.
overall , @number@ % of patients were receiving long-term ppi treatment.
the main outcome measure was calcification of the aorta and iliac arteries in relation to ppi use.
standardized radiographs were sent to the coordinating centre for centralized evaluation in duplicate by two physicians who were blind to ppi status.
results : arterial calcifications were significantly more common in the ppi group ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : in haemodialysis patients , long-term treatment with ppis , especially in the presence of warfarin treatment , is associated with vascular calcifications.
many physiological and pathological conditions are associated with a change in the crystalline lens transmittance.
estimates of lens opacification , however , generally rely on subjective rather than objective measures in clinical practice.
our results show that it is possible to accurately estimate ocular media density in vivo in humans.
potential applications of our approach include basic research and clinical settings on visual and nonimage-forming visual systems.
advances in cr research on non-human primates and recent endeavors using human subjects offer a promising outlook for cr's beneficial effects in healthy human aging.
the supplementary motor area ( sma ) has been regarded as a third speech area.
notably , the anterior vft-related sma response was more robust in the younger than in the elder group.
furthermore , anterior sma responses in the elder group may only have a positive correlation with the vft performance.
purpose : we assessed the risk of exstrophy-epispadias complex in children conceived by in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
odds ratios ( @percent@ ci ) were determined to quantify associations using logistic regression.
all german live births ( @number@ ) between @number@ and @number@ comprised the controls.
overall , @number@ subjects ( @percent@ ) and @number@ controls ( @percent@ ) were conceived by in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
in the last years , there has been a rising interest to find an objective method to estimate listening effort.
to evoke alr sequences , we generated syllabic paradigms with a different level of difficulty to evoke alr sequences.
additionally , a possible age and / or hearing loss related effect on the neural correlates of listening effort was investigated.
the results indicate , that wpss reflects the listening effort related factors needed to solve an auditory task.
a further finding was that the reaction time data and the n1 wave amplitude information hardly yield any correlate of the invested listening effort.
in addition , we noticed an age as well as hearing sensitivity related effect on the listening effort.
er stress enhances the susceptibility of structural cells , in most cases the epithelium , to pro-fibrotic stimuli.
studies suggest that er stress facilitates fibrotic remodeling through activation of pro-apoptotic pathways , induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition , and promotion of inflammatory responses.
these er stress inducing factors include metabolic abnormalities , oxidative stress , viruses , and environmental exposures.
taken together , underlying er stress and upr pathways are emerging as important determinants of fibrotic remodeling in different forms of tissue fibrosis.
further work is needed to better define the mechanisms by which er stress facilitates progressive tissue fibrosis.
in addition , it remains to be seen whether targeting er stress and the upr could have therapeutic benefit.
this article is part of a special issue entitled : fibrosis : translation of basic research to human disease.
objective : the ageing process is accompanied by a variety of cellular modifications , and telomere shortening is a common finding.
the primary aim of this study was to critically discuss available evidence regarding the potential mechanisms relating shorter telomeres to periodontitis.
design : a narrative literature review was performed to report evidence relating shorter telomeres to the ageing process and inflammation.
conclusion : we suggest that the chronic inflammatory burden observed in people with chronic periodontitis could represent the driver of telomere shortening.
population ageing is probably the single most important healthcare challenge the developed and developing world will face in the 21 ( st ) century.
the processes driving these increases in mortality and morbidity are often conceptualised as highly complex and multi-causal.
indeed , it has been suggested that there is no human ' ageing process' , only distinct , disease-specific mechanisms of pathology.
mutants in these pathways either delay or accelerate the development of late life diseases giving rise to extended healthy lives or progerias , respectively.
to date , the tumor genome has been sequenced in nearly @number@ cases of acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) .
on average , each aml genome contains approximately @number@ mutations , including 6-26 coding mutations.
the majority of these mutations are ' background ' mutations that were acquired during normal aging of hematopoietic stem cells.
though comprehensively identifying ' driver ' mutations remains a challenge , a number of novel driver mutations in aml have been identified through whole-genome sequencing.
the digital nature of next-generation sequencing has revealed clonal heterogeneity in the majority of aml at diagnosis.
importantly , in some cases , a minor subclone contributed to relapse , suggesting the strategies to assess clonal heterogeneity are needed to optimize therapy.
methods : the scz cohort comprised @number@ scz patients and @number@ controls ( aged 20-60 years ) .
the mdd cohort comprised @number@ mdd patients and @number@ controls ( aged 20-79 years ) .
the main outcome measures were the diagnosis-by-age interaction on whole-brain-averaged wm fa values and fa values from @number@ major wm tracts.
no such trends existed for mdd cohort.
conclusions : cerebral wm showed accelerated aging in scz but not in mdd , suggesting some difference in the pathophysiology underlying their wm aging changes.
this trend was not observed in mdd cohort.
data was obtained from the irish longitudinal study on ageing ( tilda ) .
the results also highlight the importance of treating underlying health impairments and preventing the transition from fof to activity restriction.
neuronal inclusions of α-synuclein ( α-syn ) , termed lewy bodies , are a hallmark of parkinson disease ( pd ) .
increased α-syn levels can occur in brains of aging human and neurotoxin-treated mice.
the gunpowder age is information of great importance that could help to establish safety regulations related to the propellants use and manipulation.
the variation with time of the peak areas of these compounds was used to construct different statistical models that could predict the gunpowders age.
these models were validated using nitrocellulose-based gunpowders of known manufacture date.
context : advance care planning ( acp ) has focused on documenting life-sustaining treatment preferences in advance directives ( ads ) .
the ads alone may be insufficient to prepare diverse patients and surrogates for complex medical decisions.
objectives : to understand what steps best prepare patients and surrogates for decision making.
methods : we conducted @number@ english / spanish focus groups with participants from a veterans affairs and county hospital and the community.
seven groups included patients ( n = 38 ) , aged ≥65 years , who reported making serious medical decisions.
six separate groups included surrogates ( n = 31 ) , aged ≥18 years , who made decisions for others.
semistructured focus groups asked what activities best prepared the participants for decision making.
two investigators independently coded data and performed thematic content analysis.
disputes were resolved by consensus.
results : the mean±sd patient age was 78±8 years , and @percent@ were nonwhite.
the mean±sd surrogate age was 57±10 years , and @percent@ were nonwhite.
future acp interventions should consider incorporating these additional acp activities.
arthritic disease is one of the most common age-related pathologies worldwide.
the end result is an accelerated loss of articular cartilage and increased erosion of the joint.
treatment of type @number@ diabetes in the elderly represents a major challenge both in terms of clinical management and public health.
aging is causing a marked increase in the pandemic of diabetes in elderly people.
however , scientific evidence to support the most appropriate treatment for diabetes in the elderly is scarce.
in frail elderly or individuals with a short life expectancy , it may be reasonable to maintain hba1c between @number@.6%-8.5%.
improving quality of life , assuring patient safety and avoiding the adverse effects of antidiabetic treatment should be prioritized.
for this purpose regional perfusion values obtained with asl mr imaging were evaluated as a function of postmenstrual age.
materials and methods : pulsed asl imaging was performed in @number@ neonates with a postmenstrual age from @number@ to @number@ weeks.
regional cbf values were expressed quantitatively ( in ml / 100 g min ) and relative as a percentage of the wbcbf.
relative regional cbf was highest in the bgt at all time-points.
relative oc-and fc-cbf increased significantly from 31±2 weeks postmentrual age to tea.
a significant difference in relative bgt-cbf and oc-cbf was shown between infants at 31±2 weeks postmenstrual age and infants scanned at 52±1 weeks postmenstrual age.
relative perfusion in the bgt measured at tea was significant different compared to 52±1 weeks postmenstrual age.
conclusion : in conclusion , regional differences in cbf and changes with postmenstrual age could be detected with asl in neonates.
this suggests that asl can be used as a non-invasive tool to investigate brain maturation in neonates.
this study investigated whether ait influences functional capacity by modulating hemorheological / hemodynamic functions in hf patients with / without anemia.
erythrocyte rheological and central / peripheral hemodynamic characteristics were determined by slit-flow ektacytometer and bioreactance-based device / near infrared spectrometer , respectively.
additionally , hf-a group exhibited fewer the enhancements of vo ( 2peak ) and oues caused by ait than hf-na group did.
conclusion : ait improves aerobic capacity and efficiency by depressing aggregability and enhancing deformability of erythrocytes in patients with hf.
however , anemic comorbidity attenuates the adaptations of cerebral / muscular hemodynamic responses to exercise following this regimen.
the finding of aspirin benefit at low-doses used for cardioprevention , locates the antiplatelet effect of aspirin at the centre of its antitumour efficacy.
at low-doses , aspirin acts mainly by an irreversible inactivation of platelet cyclooxygenase ( cox ) -1 activity.
in this scenario , aspirin causes a chemopreventive effect by countering platelet activation which seems to play a role in early event in gi tumourigenesis.
background : stroke is associated with an increased risk of dementia.
our aim was to assess whether risk of stroke in mid life is associated with cognitive decline over @number@ years of follow-up.
cognitive tests included reasoning , memory , verbal fluency , and vocabulary assessed three times over @number@ years.
longitudinal associations between fsrp and its components were tested using mixed-effects models , and rates of cognitive change over @number@ years were estimated.
results : higher stroke risk was associated with faster decline in verbal fluency , vocabulary , and global cognition.
no association was observed for memory and reasoning.
conclusion : elevated stroke risk at midlife is associated with accelerated cognitive decline over @number@ years.
aggregation of risk factors may be especially important in this association.
this study uses data collected from @number@ elderly women living in urban areas.
the regression model was used to examine the influence of elderly women's participation in productive activities on their life satisfaction.
in contrast , elderly women who participated in household chores and family care activities expressed a negative life satisfaction.
we examined the attitude of postmenopausal women toward menopause and aging with respect to sociodemographic variables and postmenopausal years.
four hundred and eighty postmenopausal women representing bengali-speaking hindu ethnic group of west bengal , india were interviewed about their attitude toward menopause and aging.
information on sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and menopausal symptoms were also collected.
do older women have the impression they are transmitting or have transmitted something to succeeding generations ?
if so , what do they believe they are transmitting or have transmitted to their children and grandchildren ?
what legacies do they think it is important to leave for the next generation ?
how do they want to be remembered ?
this quantitative research study uses survey data of women born between @number@ and @number@ in australia.
it follows earlier work that identified the importance of transitions from work for women of the baby boomer generation.
we provide important insights into the lives of women who have partially or fully retired and the changing nature of women's work and retirement.
this study has important implications for retirement policies for women.
in american society , the sexually desirable woman is young and thin.
changes associated with aging such as wrinkled skin or weight gain often bring women further from societal ideals of attractiveness.
as physical appearance is very much related to desirability , we explore sexual body image and the way that it changes as women age.
due to advances made in hiv treatment , the population of individuals with hiv over the age of @number@ is growing.
however , research exploring the psychosocial needs of aging women with hiv is limited.
thus , the aim of this study was to explore factors that impact intimate partner relationships for older women with hiv.
nineteen women ( mean age = 56.79 , sd = 4.63 years ) referred from boston-area community organizations and hospitals completed in-depth individual interviews.
forty-seven percent of participants identified themselves as black / african american , and @percent@ as white / caucasian.
average time since diagnosis was @time@ ( sd = 5.70 ) .
interviews continued until saturation of content was reached.
inclusion criteria included : biologically born female ; aged @number@ years or older ; diagnosis of hiv / aids ; and english speaking.
qualitative interviews were coded by two raters and content analyses were conducted using nvivo @number@ software.
the themes and issues identified by this study may help guide sexual health-related interventions for older hiv-infected women.
significance : selenium is utilized in the methionine sulfoxide reduction system that occurs in most organisms.
methionine sulfoxide reductases ( msrs ) , msra and msrb , are the enzymes responsible for this system.
msrs repair oxidatively damaged proteins , protect against oxidative stress , and regulate protein function , and have also been implicated in the aging process.
selenoprotein forms of msrs containing selenocysteine ( sec ) at the catalytic site are found in bacteria , algae , and animals.
recent advances : a selenoprotein msrb1 knockout mouse has been developed.
the effects of mammalian msrbs , including selenoprotein msrb1 on fruit fly aging , have been investigated.
furthermore , it is evident that msrs are involved in methionine metabolism and regulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway.
future directions : a deeper understanding of the roles of msrs in redox signaling , the aging process , and metabolism will be achieved.
the identity of selenoproteome of msrs will be sought along with characterization of the identified selenoprotein forms.
exploring new cellular targets and new functions of msrs is also warranted.
the northwestern university superaging project recruits community dwellers over the age of @number@ who have unusually high performance on tests of episodic memory.
superagers also displayed a patch of acc where cortical thickness was higher than in 50- to 60-year-old younger cognitively healthy adults.
superagers were also found to have a lower frequency of the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein e than the general population.
these preliminary results show that above-average memory capacity can be encountered in advanced age.
they also offer clues to potential biological factors that may promote resistance to age-related involutional changes in the structure and function of the brain.
we investigated whether lynx pilots demonstrated changes to hearing thresholds that differed from apache pilots.
methods : survey responses were combined with audiometric data from a retrospective cohort of @number@ lynx and @number@ apache pilots.
subjects ' audiograms were analyzed for air conduction thresholds with age correction performed in accordance with iso @number@
annual changes in low frequencies ( @number@.5-2 khz ) and high frequencies ( 3-6 khz ) were calculated.
subjects were categorized for time in service and flying hours.
results : hearing was better than predicted at nearly all frequencies in both ears for lynx and apache pilots.
there were no differences in hearing between groups of pilots.
significant differences in hearing threshold changes existed for pilots with @number@ or more years of service compared to those in other categories.
discussion : the results suggest that the circumaural earmuffs currently incorporated into the flying helmet mitigate the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in these pilots.
high-income countries have witnessed marked reductions in cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in recent years.
aging populations , however , maintain cvd as a major threat to public health and health system's financial stability.
we conclude that the universal approach adopted contains a number of risks and uncertainties.
the program's ongoing evaluation is vital and will provide internationally valuable data.
traditionally , germany has a weak primary care system.
in addition , the number of general practitioners ( gps ) has declined in the past years.
policy reacted by implementing financial incentives for gps in rural areas and special gp training programs.
improvements in chronic care aim to better integrate care through disease management programs , the electronic health card , and voluntary primary care schemes.
the largest challenge to be addressed is the delegation of physician tasks to physician assistants.
participants who stayed caries-free for a longer period during childhood and adolescence experienced less extensive caries , as measured by the number of carious teeth.
however , the probability of becoming caries-positive did not correlate with age at the baseline visit.
introduction : for many rural canadians nursing care is the primary and often the sole access point to health care.
as such , rural nurses are an invaluable resource to the health and wellbeing of rural populations.
because of limited opportunities to learn about rural practice settings , nursing students may be reluctant to select rural practice locations.
fostering of interest in rural may help to address nursing workforce shortages in rural settings.
they then engaged in written reflection about their photos.
photos were to be taken in rural settings of their choice , thus fostering both urban and rural student exposure to diverse rural communities.
results : one hundred forty-four photos and reflections were submitted , representing students ' appreciation of diverse facilitators and challenges to rural nursing practice.
facilitators included technology , a generalist role , strong sense of community , and slower pace of life.
exemplar photos and reflections are provided.
photovoice is also recommended for use in rural courses other than nursing.
suggested strategies include group photovoice experience and the expansion of reflection to enhance rural health research.
recently , a new mechanism of aging-detrimental epigenetic modifications-has emerged.
it has high affinity for copper ions and easily forms a copper complex or ghk-cu.
in addition , ghk possesses a plethora of other regenerative and protective actions including antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and wound healing properties.
recent studies revealed its ability to up- and downregulate a large number of human genes including those that are critical for neuronal development and maintenance.
we propose ghk tripeptide as a possible therapeutic agent against age-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
our natural body odor goes through several stages of age-dependent changes in chemical composition as we grow older.
similar changes have been reported for several animal species and are thought to facilitate age discrimination of an individual based on body odors , alone.
we sought to determine whether humans are able to discriminate between body odor of humans of different ages.
perceptual ratings and age discrimination performance were assessed in @number@ young participants.
late-stage age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a common sight-threatening disease of the central retina affecting approximately @number@ in @number@ caucasians.
here , we developed a genetic risk score ( grs ) for amd based on @number@ risk variants from eight gene loci.
the model exhibited good discriminative accuracy , area-under-curve ( auc ) of the receiver-operating characteristic of @number@ which was confirmed in a cross-validation approach.
the highest grs category identifies amd patients with a sensitivity of @percent@ and a specificity of @percent@ when compared to the four lower categories.
our findings underscore the large proportion of amd cases explained by genetics particularly for younger amd patients.
the five-category risk classification could be useful for therapeutic stratification or for diagnostic testing purposes once preventive treatment is available.
the proposed technique employs multi-spectrum networks to characterize the complex yet subtle blood oxygenation level dependent ( bold ) signal changes caused by pathological attacks.
the utilization of multi-spectrum networks in identifying mci individuals is motivated by the inherent frequency-specific properties of bold spectrum.
it is believed that frequency specific information extracted from different spectra may delineate the complex yet subtle variations of bold signals more effectively.
five connectivity networks are constructed , one from each frequency sub-band.
clustering coefficient of each roi in relation to the other rois are extracted as features for classification.
classification accuracy was evaluated via leave-one-out cross-validation to ensure generalization of performance.
the classification accuracy obtained by this approach is @percent@ , which is an increase of at least @percent@ from the conventional full-spectrum methods.
analysis on individual frequency sub-bands demonstrated that different sub-bands contribute differently to classification , providing extra evidence regarding frequency-specific distribution of bold signals.
toll-like receptors ( tlr ) are key players of the innate and adaptive immune response in vertebrates.
the original protein toll in drosophila melanogaster regulates both host defense and morphogenesis during development.
expression of tlr7 and tlr9 in the brain was strongly regulated during different embryonic , postnatal , and adult stages.
in contrast , expression of tlr1-6 , tlr8 , myd88 , and trif mrna displayed no significant changes in the different phases of brain development.
in comparison with other primate species , humans have an extended juvenile period during which the brain is more plastic.
in the current study we sought to examine gene expression in the cerebral cortex during development in the context of this adaptive plasticity.
flow waveforms and their frequency composition , transfer functions from blood to csf flows and cross-correlations were analyzed.
the males ' aqueductal csf stroke volumes and average flow rates are significantly higher than those of the females.
these findings accentuate the need for age- and sex-matched control groups for the evaluation of cerebral pathologies such as hydrocephalus.
a new , noncanonical role for stat3 in mitochondrial function has been discovered recently.
we investigated hematopoietic cell-targeted deletion of the stat3 gene in hscs / hpcs with a focus on mitochondrial function.
states are shifting medicaid spending on long-term services and supports from institutional to home and community-based services , a process known as rebalancing.
more rapid rebalancing can save money , break even , or increase spending , depending on the pace and program specifics.
post-transcriptional gene regulation by micrornas ( mirnas ) and rna-binding proteins ( rbps ) is central to many biological functions.
aberrant gene expression patterns underlie many metabolic diseases that represent major public health concerns and formidable therapeutic challenges.
several studies have established a number of post-transcriptional regulators implicated in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
most definitions of frailty utilize us populations in their development.
we created a 5-year prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older japanese adults.
participants were not frail at baseline , based on our definition adapted from the canadian study for health and aging clinical frailty scale.
participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) at baseline , and final assessments were either in person or via mailed survey.
sixty-five participants met criteria for frailty by the end of the study.
in multivariate analyses , the following elements remained associated with frailty : timed walk , pulse pressure , cognition deficits and hearing deficits.
we established cut-off points for timed walk ( 5m / 3s ) and pulse pressure ( @number@ mmhg ) .
we then created a simple additive score for these four factors ( present = @number@ absent = @number@ ) .
a score of @number@ had a @percent@ negative predictive value for frailty while a score of @number@ had a @percent@ positive predictive value.
while further study is needed , this work creates an easy-to-administer tool that may be generalizable to other populations.
research on aging and visual search often requires older people to search computer screens for target letters or numbers.
discussed are implications for enhancing everyday functioning throughout adulthood.
our findings might be valuable in the perspective of developing biomarkers for ad.
research within the domain of spatial working memory has not conclusively determined whether age differences exist.
under some conditions , age-equivalence has been demonstrated for location information.
under other conditions , age-equivalence has been demonstrated for identity information.
in three experiments , we examined identity memory , location memory , and their combination in a visuospatial working memory ( vswm ) paradigm.
older and younger adults were compared.
in addition , we examined metacognitive processes associated with each vswm component.
results suggest an overall age-deficit in vswm.
our results also suggest that location information may be less effortfully processed as compared to identity information.
with regarding to metacognitive monitoring , we found age-equivalence for identity prediction accuracy and an age-related deficit in prediction accuracy for location information.
the present study is the first to demonstrate both age-deficits and age-equivalence in metacognitive prediction accuracy within a working memory paradigm.
participants utilized @number@ decision matrices , which varied in complexity , regarding a consumer purchase.
using process tracing software and an algorithm developed to assess decision strategy , we recorded search behavior , strategy selection , and final decision.
similarly , adults of all ages used comparable decision strategies and adapted their strategies to the demands of the task.
we also examined decision outcomes in relation to participants ' preferences.
overall , it seems that older adults utilize simpler sets of information primarily reflecting the most valued attributes in making their choice.
in @number@ experiments , we evaluated this possibility by having young and older adults study negative , positive , and neutral words.
they made a judgment of learning ( jol ) after studying each word and then later had a free recall test.
in experiment @number@ young and older adults ' jols were sensitive to negative words ( higher jols for negative than neutral words ) .
in experiment @number@ we replicated this age-related deficit in sensitivity to positive emotion , as well as evaluated possible explanations for it.
taken together , these results indicate that healthy aging largely leaves judgments of learning intact for negatively charged words.
the regenerative potential declines upon aging.
this might be due to cell-intrinsic changes in stem and progenitor cells or to influences by the microenvironment.
mesenchymal stem cells ( msc ) raise high hopes in regenerative medicine.
in this study , we have analyzed the impact of hpl-donor age on culture expansion.
@number@ single donor derived hpls ( @number@ to @number@ years old ) were simultaneously compared for culture of msc.
furthermore , hpls from older donors increased activity of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase ( sa-βgal ) .
conclusions / significance : these findings indicate that gas7 is involved in motor neuron function associated with muscle strength maintenance.
healthy individuals showed a broad range in average telomere length in granulocytes and lymphocytes at any given age.
the average telomere length declined with age at a rate that differed between age-specific breakpoints and between cell types.
gender differences between leukocyte telomere lengths were observed for all cell subsets studied ; interestingly , this trend could already be detected at birth.
further , non-carrier relatives of such heterozygous individuals had somewhat shorter leukocyte telomere lengths than expected ; this difference was most profound for granulocytes.
our data are consistent with these statements and suggest that the likelihood of similar processes occurring in normal individuals increases with age.
with the rapid aging of the population , korea introduced public long-term care insurance for older people in @number@
however , the program now faces many challenges in terms of sustainability.
this new paradigm will require reform of nhi's operating system , funding , and spending.
objectives : atrial fibrillation ( af ) is associated with higher health care costs.
we therefore sought to review the relation between n-3 fatty acids and the risk of af.
a random-effect model was used and between-studies heterogeneity was estimated with i ( @number@ ) .
the quality of studies was assessed using jadad and united states preventive services task force ( uspstf ) scoring systems.
all analyses were performed with revman ( version @date@ ) .
results : seven cohort studies and @number@ randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) were included in this meta-analysis.
conclusion : this study does not suggest a major effect of fish / fish oil or n-3 fatty acids on the risk of af.
despite strong observational and experimental evidence , the molecular basis of the deletion process remains obscure.
there is also a significant association between the folding energy of an mtdna region and the number of breakpoints that it harbours.
in particular , two clusters of hairpins ( near the d-loop @number@'-terminus and the l-strand origin of replication ) are hotspots for mtdna breakage.
consistent with our hypothesis , the highest number of @number@'- and @number@'-breakpoints per base is found in the highly structured trna genes.
overall , the data presented in this study suggest that non-b dna conformations are a key element of the mtdna deletion process.
early angiogenesis includes formation of an excessive primitive network that needs to be reorganized into a secondary vascular network with higher hierarchical structure.
vascular pruning , the removal of aberrant neovessels by apoptosis , is a vital step in this process.
although multiple molecular pathways for early angiogenesis have been identified , little is known about the genetic regulators of secondary network development.
fgd5 promotes apoptosis-induced vaso-obliteration via induction of the hey1-p53 pathway by direct binding and activation of cdc42.
indeed , fgd5 correlates with apoptosis in endothelial cells during vascular remodeling and was linked to rising p21 ( cip1 ) levels in aging mice.
conclusion : we have identified fgd5 as a novel genetic regulator of vascular pruning by activation of endothelial cell-targeted apoptosis.
doppler ultrasound measures of left ventricular ( lv ) active relaxation and diastolic suction are slowed with healthy aging.
it is unclear to what extent these changes are related to alterations in intrinsic lv properties and / or cardiovascular loading conditions.
lv mass , supine pcwp , and heart rate were not affected significantly by aging.
age-related differences in lv relaxation and diastolic suction were not attenuated significantly when pcwp was increased in older subjects or reduced in the younger subjects.
there is an early slowing of lv relaxation and diastolic suction beginning in early middle age , with the greatest reduction observed in seniors.
the cisd2 gene , which is an evolutionarily conserved novel gene , encodes a transmembrane protein primarily associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane.
significantly , the cisd2 gene is located within the candidate region on chromosome 4q where a genetic component for human longevity has been mapped.
previously , we have shown that cisd2 deficiency shortens lifespan resulting in premature aging in mice.
additionally , an age-dependent decrease in cisd2 expression has been detected during normal aging.
cisd2 also ameliorates age-associated degeneration of the skin , skeletal muscles and neurons.
moreover , cisd2 protects mitochondria from age-associated damage and functional decline as well as attenuating the age-associated reduction in whole-body energy metabolism.
at the molecular level , cs is characterized by a deficiency in the transcription-couple dna repair pathway.
here , we showed that the lack of functional csb does not represent a barrier to genetic reprogramming.
however , ipscs derived from csb patient's fibroblasts exhibited elevated cell death rate and higher reactive oxygen species ( ros ) production.
moreover , these cellular phenotypes were accompanied by an up-regulation of txnip and tp53 transcriptional expression.
our findings suggest that csb modulates cell viability in pluripotent stem cells , regulating the expression of tp53 and txnip and ros production.
the same participants then carried out @number@ more difficult out-of-scanner tasks , which provided in-depth measures of changes in performance.
the processing of all face aspects activated the core face-network across the age range , as well as additional and partially separable regions.
@number@
parkinson's disease and healthy aging : independent and interacting effects on action selection.
hum brain mapp.
31 : 1886-1899 ) .
to understand further the neural basis of these phenomena , we used a new task that manipulated the options to repeat responses.
all subjects performed a right-handed 3-choice button press task , which controlled the availability of repeatable responses.
for repetitive trials , this \ "u-shaped \ " relationship was also reflected in the bold response in the caudate nuclei and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
cutaneous sensation deteriorates with age.
it is not known if this change is consistent over the entire hand or if sensation is affected by changes in skin mechanics.
venous occlusion at the wrist ( @number@ ± @number@ mmhg ) and moisturizer were used to alter skin mechanics.
the pattern of changes in cutaneous sensation varied according to the site tested with smaller changes on the fingers compared to the palm.
two-point discrimination deteriorated with age ( p = @number@ ) , but with no interaction between sex , handedness , or changes in skin mechanics.
there were no significant differences for texture discrimination.
changes in skin mechanics improved cutaneous thresholds in the oldest males after moisturizing ( p = @number@ ) but not otherwise.
whether low levels of naive cells actually do associate with mortality has , however , not been tested in longitudinal studies.
here , we present correlations between peripheral t-cell phenotypes and 8-year survival in individuals from the population-based prospective leiden 85-plus study.
these findings suggest that better retention of memory cells specific for previously encountered antigens may provide a survival advantage in this particular population.
telomere overhangs are essential for telomere end protection and telomerase extension , but how telomere overhangs are generated is unknown.
we developed a variety of new approaches to define the steps in the processing of these overhangs.
this identifies an important intrinsic step in replicative aging.
telomeric termini are processed in two distinct phases.
leading telomere processing remains incomplete until late s / g2 , when the c-terminal nucleotide is specified-referred to as the late phase.
these observations suggest the presence of previously unsuspected complexes and signaling events required for the replication of the ends of human chromosomes.
the concept of personalized medicine is not new.
it is also being seen as one approach that may have a beneficial impact on reducing health care budgets.
but what are the challenges that need to be addressed in its implementation in the clinic ?
this article poses some provocative questions and suggests some things that need to be considered.
there is a substantial and growing number of older adults who misuse alcohol , psychoactive prescription drugs , and / or other substances.
however , deposition studies have typically focused on adult subjects , results of which may not be readily extrapolated to children.
differences in airway physiology , breathing resistance , and aerosol filtering efficiency among the four models were quantified and compared.
a high-fidelity fluid-particle transport model was employed to simulate the multi-regime airflows and particle transport within the nasal-laryngeal airways.
ultrafine particles were evaluated under breathing conditions ranging from sedentary to heavy activities.
further , the deposition partitioning in the sub-regions of interest is different among the four models.
improved correlations have been developed for the four age groups by implementing this in vivo-based diffusion parameter as well as the cunningham correction factor.
hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among older adults , but rates of blood pressure control are low.
we use data from the national social life , health , and aging project to identify older adults with undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension.
we find that network characteristics and emotional support are associated with hypertension diagnosis and control.
importantly , the risks of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension are lower among those with larger social networks-if they discuss health issues with their network members.
when these lines of communication are closed , network size is associated with greater risk for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension.
purpose of review : podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells that line the urinary surface of the glomerular capillary tuft.
dysfunction or death of podocytes impacts glomerular permeability and filtration.
discovery of a circulating factor ( supar ) that can modulate outside-in beta3 integrin signaling in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis provides exciting therapeutic possibilities.
another secreted factor , the hyposialylated form of angiopoietin-like-protein @number@ ( angptl4 ) was found to favor albuminuria in rats and in minimal change disease.
therapeutic sialylation of angptl4 could limit albuminuria.
summary : here , we review the recent developments in our understanding of signaling pathways required for podocyte function in health and disease.
manipulation of these pathways provides an attractive therapeutic option for glomerular diseases.
recent findings : klotho functions as a receptor for the phosphaturic hormone fgf23.
klotho deficiency induces resistance to fgf23 and predisposition to pi retention , which represents a critical feature of pathophysiology of ckd.
the extracellular domain of klotho protein is subject to ectodomain shedding and released into the blood and urine.
secreted klotho functions as a humoral factor that inhibits aki , vascular calcification , renal fibrosis , and cancer metastasis in an fgf23-independent manner.
summary : various factors that affect klotho expression have been identified.
prevention of klotho decline and supplementation of klotho can be a novel therapeutic strategy for many age-related diseases.
sample consisted of @percent@ men with a mean ( sd ) duration of @number@ ( @number@ ) yrs postinjury ; @percent@ reported using a wheelchair.
results : self-efficacy was the only independent variable that consistently predicted all four exercise outcomes.
clinical functional characteristics but not demographic variables explained participation in resistance exercise.
conclusions : self-efficacy beliefs play an important role as predictors of exercise.
variations in exercise intensity along the age continuum have implications for exercise prescription and composition.
future research should replicate findings with objective activity measures.
background : treatment and care of elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension means a hard task in primary care.
patients with these two components of metabolic syndrome are often overweight or obese.
although some parameters of metabolic syndrome are usually measured in a medical setting , checking body weight is usually done by the patients.
aim : the aim of this study is to analyse the patients ' self-recorded data on weight and compare them according to hypertension and diabetes.
retrospective self-recorded data on recent weights and every decade since the age of @number@ as well as the decade prior to diagnosis were collected.
the data of patients with and without diabetes and / or hypertension were compared.
results : the current mean body weight was significantly higher in all groups than at the age of @number@
diabetics started at higher weights.
weight gain in the control group was steady at a lower rate.
conclusions : weight gain between 20-40 years of age could be an important factor in the aetiology of diabetes.
stable or at least limited weight gain may be a preventive factor.
considering the limitations of the study , further and decades long epidemiological evaluations are suggested in a larger study population.
design : prospective observational study of prevalence.
conclusions : psoriasis in patients older than @number@ years represents a significant proportion of cases and its prevalence is expected to increase.
the results of these procedures are therefore sometimes not optimal and do not achieve a natural youthful appearance.
design : three different investigations were performed to evaluate the complex 3-dimensional changes during the perioral aging process.
perioral proportions of @number@ standardized subject photographs were measured in a photomorphometric study and correlated to age.
in cranial mri scans of @number@ women aged 20-35 and @number@ women aged 65-80 relevant anatomical dimensions were measured.
the results were then set into relation to today's lip rejuvenation procedures.
results : all studies showed a statistically significant lengthening of the aging upper lip.
the photomorphometric study further showed an increase of prolabium skin at the cost of a decreasing visible upper lip vermilion.
the mri scans showed a decrease in thickness and redistribution towards a length increase but no total volume loss.
histomorphometric analysis revealed statistically significant thinning of the cutis , thickening of the subcutis and a degeneration of elastic and collagen fibers.
the orbicularis oris muscle becomes thinner and shows a decrease of the forward curve defining the vermilion border.
design : an observational retrospective , comparative , multicentre epidemiological study.
setting : long-term geriatric wards , in reims , france.
participants : @number@ old people living in long-term geriatric wards.
measurements : prevalence of xerostomia assessed from age , total number of medications , xerogenic medications , anticholinergic medications and those that induce hypersialorrhea.
multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios ( or ) and their @percent@ confidence intervals ( @percent@ ci ) .
results : among @number@ old people ( average age @number@.6±8.4 years old ) , @number@ residents suffered from xerostomia ( @percent@ ) .
the only protective factor against xerostomia identified was medications that induce hypersialorrhea or = 0.81 , @percent@ ci ( @number@.67-0.98 ) , p = 0.03.
the total number of medications and xerogenic medications did not play a significant role in xerostomia.
conclusion : increasing age and anticholinergic medications induce a dry mouth.
conversely , the total number of medications and xerogenic medications do not influence xerostomia.
medications that induce hypersialorrhea protect against the occurrence of dry mouth.
objective : vegetarians are more vascular-healthy but those with subnormal vitamin b-12 status have impaired arterial endothelial function and increased intima-media thickness.
we aimed to study the impact of vitamin b-12 supplementation on these markers , in the vegetarians.
design : double-blind , placebo controlled , randomised crossover study.
setting : community dwelling vegetarians.
participants : fifty healthy vegetarians ( vegetarian diet for at least @number@ years ) were recruited.
measurement : flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery ( fmd ) and intima-media thickness ( imt ) of carotid artery were measured by ultrasound.
results : the mean age of the subjects was 45±9 years and @number@ ( @percent@ ) were male.
thirty-five subjects ( @percent@ ) had serum b-12 levels < 150 pmol / l.
vitamin b-12 supplementation significantly increased serum vitamin b-12 levels ( p < 0.0001 ) and lowered plasma homocysteine ( p < 0.05 ) .
there were no significant changes in blood pressures or lipid profiles.
conclusions : vitamin b-12 supplementation improved arterial function in vegetarians with subnormal vitamin b-12 levels , proposing a novel strategy for atherosclerosis prevention.
objectives : high rates of malnutrition have been reported in the older hospitalized patient population.
this is recognised to impact on patient outcomes and health costs.
this study aimed to assess the impact of nutrition screening and intervention on these parameters.
design : randomised controlled prospective study.
setting : the study was performed in the acute geriatric medicine wards of the prince of wales hospital , sydney australia.
intervention patients were immediately commenced on a malnutrition care plan ( mcp ) .
control patients were only commenced on a mcp if referred by clinical staff.
measurements : length of stay ( los ) , weight change and frequency of readmission to hospital were compared between the groups.
results : @number@ patients were screened.
@number@ were identified as malnourished ( mn ) or at risk of malnutrition ( ar ) .
there was no difference in weight change over admission between the groups.
without screening , clinical staff identified only a small proportion of malnourished patients ( @percent@ of mn and @percent@ of ar ) .
conclusions : malnutrition in the older hospital population is common.
however , in the course of time , with the increase in their use , more and more side effects have been reported.
it is recommended to keep those medications in the lower range of therapeutic doses.
due to the complexity of the individual patient , no guidelines have been yet established.
therefore , clinical judgment should be used in applying the dose and the type of those drugs.
nutritional and cognitive aspects are closely related in dementia.
subjects and methods : @number@ elderly demented patients underwent clinical , bio-chemical and functional assessment.
design : transversal study.
results : the mean bmi was @number@.08±4.48 kg / m² and the mean mmse @number@.68±5.38.
design and methods : this study was part of the chinese longitudinal health longevity study ( clhls ) .
six thousand nine hundred and eleven illiterate residents aged @number@ or older were investigated.
socio-demographic and dietary habits data were collected at baseline.
the cognitive function of illiterate elderly persons was assessed using chinese revised mini mental state examination ( mmse-r ) in @number@ and @number@
odds ratios ( or ) were calculated via logistic regression models.
results : five thousand six hundred and ninety one elderly were included in the current analysis.
conclusions : lower intakes of vegetables and legumes were associated with cognitive decline among illiterate elderly chinese.
dietary factors may be important for prevention cognitive decline.
objectives : mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is etiologically heterogeneous , and a substantial proportion of mci subjects will develop different dementia disorders.
this resulted in a variable treatment duration of 2-52 weeks.
there was one death , no unexpected severe adverse events , and no differences of severe adverse events between the treatment arms.
the cognitive changes on the adascog were not different among the groups.
cognitive improvement was numerically larger in the combination treatment group than under galantamine alone.
patients who received placebo declined as expected.
conclusion : in an interrupted trial with amnestic mci subjects the combination of galantamine plus memantine were generally well tolerated.
anthropometric measures , blood pressure , metabolic profiles and intake of dietary fatty acids were obtained from participants using standard guidelines.
metabolic syndrome ( ms ) was defined accordingly.
results : the prevalence of ms was found to be inversely related with pal.
individuals with low pal had higher prevalence of ms as compared to their counterparts.
objective : to compare the smm to fat-free mass ( ffm ) ratio as well as anthropometric variables and body composition among @number@ ethnic groups.
fth was used to estimate the body density , from which fat mass and fat-free mass ( ffm ) was calculated by using brozek equation.
total smm was estimated from ultrasound-derived prediction equations.
results : percentage body fat was similar among the ethnic groups in men , while brazilians were higher than japanese in women.
in german men and women , absolute smm and ffm were higher than in their japanese and brazilians counterparts.
smm index and smm : ffm ratios were similar among the ethnic groups in women , excluding smm : ffm ratio in brazilian.
in men , however , these relative values ( smm index and smm : ffm ratio ) were still higher in germans.
conclusion : our results suggest that relative smm is not lower in asian populations compared with european populations after adjusted by age and bmi.
design : cross-sectional survey.
moreover , @number@ women asked to be included in the study on a voluntary basis , and were analyzed separately.
they were classified at high , moderate or low risk of having osteoporosis according to the @number@ international society for clinical densitometry official position.
results : the prevalence rate of women at high risk of having osteoporosis was @percent@ ; @percent@ were considered at moderate risk.
logistic regressions revealed that age , early age at menopause , history of fractures , dysthyroidism and smoking were associated with high and moderate risk.
objectives : to identify serum ferritin levels and their association with nutritional status determined by body mass index in older adults at four eldercare facilities.
methods : an exploratory , cross-sectional study was carried out on @number@ older adults residing at eldercare facilities in colima , mexico.
association between blood serum ferritin levels and nutritional status determined by body mass index was evaluated.
ferritin levels were determined by means of chemiluminescence of blood samples obtained from subjects under control conditions.
descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics.
student's t test and chi-square test were used to compare ferritin levels and body mass index , respectively , between sexes.
statistical significance was considered to exist when p≤ @number@
pearson's correlation was used to establish the relation between body mass index and serum ferritin levels.
body mass index / serum ferritin correlation was not statistically significant ( pearson's r = @number@ ) .
conclusions : the quantification of a single serum indicator is insufficient for determining nutritional status in the older adult.
background : metabolic syndrome ( mets ) was common in the elderly , but its prognostic significance in older old population remained unclear.
the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival impact of mets among older men aged @number@ and over in taiwan.
methods : from @number@ residents aged @number@ years and older of banciao veterans home were invited for study and were followed for @number@ years.
all participants received history taking , physical examinations , and laboratory tests.
mortality was determined by veteran affairs death registry , which was linked to the national death registry.
results : overall , @number@ men ( mean age : @number@.5±4.7 years ) were enrolled for study and the prevalence of mets was @percent@.
however , mets subjects were less likely to die during study period ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = 0.059 ) .
conclusions : the prevalence of mets among men aged @number@ years and over was @percent@ , and the 3-year mortality rate was @percent@.
older age , diabetes mellitus , lower serum cholesterol and lower serum triglyceride were independent risk factors for mortality.
further investigation is needed to clarify the prognostic impact of mets in older adults.
social support changes were measured over @number@ year from baseline to follow-up round @number@
carotenoid level changes were established from follow-up round @number@ to round @number@
results : at baseline , the frequency of leaving one's home was associated with a decrease in carotenoid levels.
leaving one's home more frequently predicted an increase in carotenoid levels and attending fewer activities predicted a decrease in carotenoid levels.
implications : in older , community-resident disabled women , baseline levels of social support did not consistently predict diet quality.
further research is necessary to more fully understand the impact of multiple forms of social supports on the diet quality of older adults.
the tumor suppressor p53 is pivotal in cell growth arrest and apoptosis upon cellular stresses including dna damage.
mounting evidence indicates that p63 proteins , which are homologs of p53 , are also involved in apoptosis under certain circumstances.
further study shows that dna damage reduces steady-state mrna level of δnp63α , but has little effect on its protein stability.
together , these data suggest that dna damage down-regulates δnp63α , which may directly contribute to dna damage-induced apoptosis.
age-related decline in cognitive function has been linked to alterations of white matter and functional brain connectivity.
white matter microstructure and resting-state functional connectivity ( fc ) of task-relevant brain regions were assessed using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
modulation from the dopamine system is thought to be critical for the gating of information during working memory.
additionally , caudate activation is associated with improved accuracy and vlpfc activation with faster reaction times in the full sample.
thus , older subjects ' under-recruitment of and reduced functional coupling between these regions may specifically underlie age-related changes in working memory updating.
these results are consistent with computational models of executive cognition and dopamine-mediated age-related cognitive decline.
the decline in activity energy expenditure underlies a range of age-associated pathological conditions , neuromuscular and neurological impairments , disability , and mortality.
the majority ( @percent@ ) of the energy needs of the human body are met by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ( oxphos ) .
oxphos is dependent on the coordinated expression and interaction of genes encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
several unique nonsynonymous variants were identified in the extremes of aee with some occurring at highly conserved sites predicted to affect protein structure and function.
of interest is the p.t194m , cytb substitution in the lower extreme of aee occurring at a residue in the qi site of complex iii.
a significant pooled variant association across the hypervariable @number@ region was observed for aee and pal.
power declines more steeply than strength with advancing age and training cessation among older women and is associated with the loss of functional ability.
no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of the increases in cg.
however , all measurements remained higher ( @date@ @percent@ ; p < 0.05 ) than in pre-training levels.
the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests during aging.
this finding was observed from the early disease stage in all @number@ patients and continued for several months.
startle reaction was also remarkable in all patients , although myoclonus was generally mild.
the dissociation between the startle reaction and myoclonus was suspected to be another feature of v180i cjd.
from the present observations , the author speculated that pathological laughing and crying may be a comparatively frequent observation in v180i cjd patients.
the proposed method might provide the means to solve the so far unresolved issue of determining a fingerprints age in forensics.
such influences lead to a certain experimental variability in inter-person and intra-person variation , which is higher than the inter-finger and intra-finger variation.
the ideal treatment of the nasolabial fold , the tear trough , the labiomandibular fold and the mentolabial sulcus is still discussed controversially.
nine non-fixed cadaver heads in the age range between @number@ and @number@ years ( five female and four male ) were investigated.
computed tomographic scans were performed after injection of a radiographic contrast medium directly into the fat compartments surrounding prominent facial folds.
the data were analysed after multiplanar image reconstruction.
the fat compartments surrounding the facial folds could be defined in each subject.
different arrangement patterns of the fat compartments around the facial rhytides were found.
the nasolabial fold , the tear trough and the labiomandibular fold represent an anatomical border between adjacent fat compartments.
by contrast , the glabellar fold and the labiomental sulcus have no direct relation to the boundaries of facial fat.
deep fat , underlying a facial rhytide , was identified underneath the nasolabial crease and the labiomental sulcus.
in severe cases , a surgical treatment should be considered.
by contrast , the glabellar fold shows the most simple anatomical architecture.
the fold lies above one subcutaneous fat compartment that can be used for augmentation.
context and objective : an inverse correlation between plasma testosterone levels and carotid intima-media thickness ( imt ) has been reported in men.
we investigated whether this association could be mediated or modified by traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as inflammatory status.
methods : in the three-city population-based cohort study , @number@ men aged @number@ and over had available baseline data on hormones levels and carotid ultrasonography.
imt in plaque-free site and atherosclerotic plaques in the extracranial carotid arteries were determined using a standardized protocol.
multiple linear regression models were used to analyze this association and interaction study.
this association depended on c-reactive protein ( crp ) levels ( p for interaction < 0.05 ) .
similar results were found for total testosterone although not significant.
no association was found between plasma hormones levels and atherosclerotic plaques.
conclusion : in elderly men , low plasma testosterone is associated with elevated carotid intima-media thickness only in those with low-grade inflammation.
traditional risk factors have no mediator role.
background : obesity is a well-established risk factor for incisional hernia development.
the exact causative factors have not been clearly defined , and development may result from structural disruptions in the connective tissue of the fasciae.
the goal of this study was to compare the content of elastin in the rectus muscle sheath of obese patients and nonobese controls.
the biopsy specimens harvested during surgery were subjected to histologic evaluation , an immunohistochemical reaction with monoclonal anti-elastin antibodies , and the dab chromatic reaction.
the photomicrographs were evaluated using imagej software and the percentage of the area affected by the color reaction was assessed.
a statistical evaluation was performed.
most photographs show adipose tissue infiltrating the structure of the fascia.
statistical analysis of the percentage of the area occupied by elastin showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the controls.
the association between functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( hpa ) axis and physical performance at older ages remains poorly understood.
data from six adult cohorts ( ages 50-92 years ) were included in a two stage meta-analysis of individual participant data.
we analysed each study separately using linear and logistic regression models and then used meta-analytic methods to pool the results.
physical performance outcome measures were walking speed , balance time , chair rise time and grip strength.
exposure measures were morning ( serum and salivary ) and evening ( salivary ) cortisol.
there was little evidence of associations with balance or grip strength.
greater diurnal decline of the hpa axis is associated with better physical performance in later life.
dna damage is composed by multiple stress factors including ionizing radiation , reactive oxygen species , uv exposure and drugs like doxorubicin and camptothecin.
radiation is used widely in health , academic area , and industry for producing electricity.
as a result of using radiation widely in different fields , environmental radiation exposure is increasing as well.
whereas high dose radiation exposure causes dna damage and gives rise to ionization to molecules of living cells by accelerating malignant tumor formation.
fields receiving high dose radiation are evaluated in terms of adverse effects , therapeutic efficacy and secondary malignancies in radiotherapy applications.
dose distributions are re-created when it is required.
so that we can detect the secondary cancers earlier and can treat them with long expected survival period.
segregation was possible only for @number@ variant ( p.e462delinsgk ) that was found in @number@ affected siblings.
these data do not support the pathogenicity of several eif4g1 variants in pd , at least in the french population.
quantification of structural changes in the human brain is important to elicit resemblances and differences between pathological and normal aging.
for this purpose atrophy markers have been explored and their effectiveness has been evaluated both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
unfortunately , most of the longitudinal neuroimaging data available in the clinical settings is acquired at largely varying time intervals.
design : fifteen subjects , skin types v and vi , between the ages of @number@ and @number@ were enrolled.
each received three treatments to the full face with fractionated bipolar rf device ( syneron inc. , irvine , usa ) spaced @number@ days apart.
summary : a statistically significant improvement in wrinkles , texture and fine lines was noticed in most subjects.
any adverse events in particular post inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation were not seen in any of the patients.
sports and weight-bearing activities can have a positive effect on bone health in the growing , mature , or aging athlete.
however , certain athletic activities and training regimens may place the athlete at increased risk for stress fractures in the spine.
in addition , some athletes have an underlying susceptibility to fracture due to either systemic or focal abnormalities.
it is important to identify and treat these athletes in order to prevent stress fractures and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in late adulthood.
therefore , the pre-participation physical examination offers a unique opportunity to screen athletes for metabolic bone disease through the history and physical examination.
positive findings warrant a thorough workup including a metabolic bone laboratory panel , and possibly a dexa scan , which includes a lateral spine view.
@number@
masters athletes may experience low back pain from multiple sources.
@number@
optimization of flexibility , strength , endurance , and core control is critical.
sports specific training , realistic goal setting , and counseling are of maximal importance.
@number@
overall , the health benefits of continued sports and athletic participation outweigh the potential risks of spinal degeneration in middle-aged athletes.
overall , masters athletes should be encouraged to remain active and fit to enhance their quality of life and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
recent advances : a growing literature suggests that over @number@ proteins are s-nitrosylated in cell systems.
critical issues : however , the mechanism by which specific protein s-nitrosylation occurs in cell signaling pathways is less well investigated.
this review also discusses experimental techniques useful in characterizing protein-protein transnitrosylations.
future directions : elucidation of additional transnitrosylation cascades will further our understanding of the enzymes that catalyze nitrosation , thereby contributing to no-mediated signaling pathways.
vice versa , overexpression of rons producing enzymes as well as deletion of antioxidant enzymes was demonstrated to aggravate cardiovascular complications.
the potential mechanisms of how this crosstalk proceeds are discussed in detail.
abstract testosterone replacement therapy is often equated with the macho male physique and virility and is viewed by some as an antiaging tonic.
the growth in testosterone's reputation and its increased use by men of all ages has seemed to outpace the scientific evidences.
this review will aim to examine the uncertainty regarding the nature and the clinical importance of the age-related reduction in the testosterone levels.
the oabss includes scores for daytime frequency , nighttime frequency , urgency , and urgency incontinence.
in middle-aged men , metabolic syndrome had a significant negative association with oab rate.
in elderly men , metabolic syndrome had a significant negative association with the total oabss.
conclusion : a relationship between age and oab was observed , but metabolic syndrome did not show a clear association with oab.
our results suggest that oab is associated with aging regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome.
therefore , it is important to understand how adaptive genetic variations interact with environments to influence health.
downstream effects on protein and metabolite measures are also seen with growing regularity as vital components to this research.
during the past decade , entrepreneurship in the healthcare sector has become increasingly important.
the aging society , the continuous stream of innovative technologies and the growth of chronic illnesses are jeopardizing the sustainability of healthcare systems.
in response , many european governments started to reform healthcare during the 1990s , replacing the traditional logic of medical professionalism with business-like logics.
this trend is expected to continue as many governments will have to reduce their healthcare spending in response to the current growing budget deficits.
in the process , entrepreneurship is being stimulated , yet little is known about intra-hospital dynamics leading to entrepreneurial behavior.
therefore , we conducted a theory-led , systematic review of how intra-organizational dynamics among hospital managers and physicians can influence entrepreneurship.
we designed our review using the neo-institutional framework of greenwood and hinings ( @number@ ) .
we analyze these dynamics in terms of power dependencies , interest dissatisfaction and value commitments.
our search revealed that physicians ' dependence on hospital management has increased along with healthcare reforms and the resulting emphasis on business logics.
this has induced various types of responses by physicians.
ross were considered traditionally to be only a toxic byproduct of aerobic metabolism.
thus , the imbalance of the increased antioxidant potential , the so-called antioxidative stress , should be as dangerous as well.
here , we synthesize increasing evidence on \ "antioxidative stress-induced \ " beneficial versus harmful roles on health , disease , and aging processes.
oxidative stress is not necessarily an un-wanted situation , since its consequences may be beneficial for many physiological reactions in cells.
number of sclerotic glomeruli increases during the aging process.
consequently , majority of remained nonsclerosed glomeruli become hypertrophic and some of them sclerotic , too.
material was right kidney's tissue of @number@ cadavers obtained during routine autopsies.
cadavers were without previously diagnosed kidney disease , diabetes , hypertension , or any other systemic disease.
tissue specimens were routinely prepared for histological and morphometric analysis.
images of the histological slices were analyzed and captured under 400x magnification with digital camera.
further they were morphometrically and statistically analyzed with imagej and ncss-pass software.
multiple and linear regression of obtained morphometric parameters showed significant increase of glomerular connective tissue area and percentage.
cluster analysis showed the presence of two types of glomeruli.
second type was characterized with significantly larger size , connective tissue content , and significantly lower cellularity , in relation to the first type.
such glomeruli might be considered as hypertrophic.
first type of glomeruli was predominant in younger cases , while second type of glomeruli was predominant in cases older than @number@ years.
objective : the objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of multisensory versus muscle strengthening to improve postural control in healthy community-dwelling elderly.
methods : we performed isokinetic evaluations of muscle groups in the ankle and foot including dorsiflexors , plantar flexors , inversion , and eversion.
the oscillation of the center of pressure was assessed with a force platform.
the gm group showed better results for the peak torque and work than the gs group , but without statistical significance.
in particular , it has been shown that the cdp-choline improves the cognitive and mental performance in alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia.
we have evaluated the administration of citicoline in geriatric patients following a protocol of intravenous study on improvement of individual performances.
study objectives : the natural history of insomnia symptomatology is poorly understood.
design : a prospective cohort study with @number@ yr of follow-up from @number@ to @number@
setting : west of scotland.
interventions : n / a. measurements and results : at approximately 5-yr intervals , respondents self-reported trouble initiating and maintaining sleep.
in the middle-aged cohort a developing pattern was more likely for women than men.
conclusions : chronic symptoms , characterized by both trouble maintaining and initiating sleep , are patterned by social factors.
many nonvisual functions are regulated by light through a photoreceptive system involving melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that are maximally sensitive to blue light.
this could contribute to the documented changes in sleep and circadian regulatory processes with aging.
results showed that young subjects had consistently larger pupils than older subjects for dark adaptation and during all light exposures.
steady-state pupil constriction was greater under blue than green light exposure in both age groups and increased with increasing irradiance.
surprisingly , when expressed in relation to baseline pupil size , no significant age-related differences were observed in pupil constriction.
compared to other nonvisual functions , the light sensitivity of steady-state pupil constriction appears to remain relatively intact and is not profoundly altered by age.
methods : one-year longitudinal study of older adults with diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee.
dm was cross-sectionally associated with pain and disability and marginally with perceived health ; ss predicted current pain and perceived health.
only dm predicted @number@ year change in disability and perceived health ( but not pain ) .
conclusions : this research confirms the role of ss of distress in fueling disability and perceived ill health among older adults who are chronically ill.
however , it is dm that drives changes in perceived health and functional ability.
children with blood glucose ≥ @number@ mg / dl during admission were regarded as cases.
the controls were age- and- sex- matched , euglycemic children.
the occurrence of hyperglycemia was independent of sex , but it occurred mostly in children under @number@ years old.
neither of cases developed diabetes in the 24-month follow-up period.
these findings led us to the conclusion that stress hyperglycemia is occasionally seen in critically ill patients.
among the stress hormones measured , only cortisol increased during hyperglycemia.
it seems that hyperglycemia is not an important risk factor for future diabetes.
detailed growth and weight charts were used to calculate age at phv , an objective assessment of pubertal timing.
subjects were divided into three groups according to age at phv ( early , middle , and late ) .
this study was conducted on @number@ car auto repair workshop workers exposed to occupational hazards and @number@ controls without this kind of exposure.
the null and non-null genotypes of gstm1 and gstt1 genes were determined by multiplex pcr.
it was concluded that early ageing is under the influence of these genes and the environmental and socio-demographic factors.
duration of working time was significantly associated with micronucleus frequency , comet tail length and relative telomere length.
neurodegenerative processes associated with aging may be facilitated by hiv-1 infection , resulting in premature brain aging.
diffusion tensor imaging studies yielded conflicting findings on the relationship between hiv and age in neuroasymptomatic individuals.
functional mri studies found evidence of premature or accelerated aging processes in the brains of hiv subjects.
therefore , body fluid-specific differential dna methylation is a promising indicator for body fluid identification.
however , dna methylation patterns are susceptible to change in response to environmental factors and aging.
therefore , we investigated age-related methylation changes in semen-specific tdmrs using body fluids from young and elderly men.
both multiplex systems could successfully identify semen with spermatozoa and could differentiate menstrual blood and vaginal fluids from blood and saliva.
data are equivocal on whether voluntary activation is preserved or decreased in old compared to young adults.
further , data are scant on the effect of age on the rate of muscle relaxation when the muscle is contracting voluntarily.
assessment of both measures with transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) yields information which cannot be obtained with traditional peripheral nerve stimulation.
in contrast , peak relaxation rate was markedly faster in men than women and slowed with age in men but not women.
normalization of relaxation rates to strength did not affect the influence of age or sex.
aging is one of the major risk factors of osteoarthritis.
this pathology during which chondrocytes undergo modifications of their phenotype may result from alteration of transforming growth factor β ( tgfβ ) signaling.
this study investigates the role of tgfβ response in the process of chondrocyte dedifferentiation / redifferentiation.
dedifferentiation was induced by successive passages of human articular chondrocytes , whereas their redifferentiation was performed by three-dimensional culture in alginate.
human mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from bone marrow and differentiated into chondrocyte-like phenotype by three-dimensional culture , embedded in the same scaffold.
protein and mrna levels were analyzed by western blot and real-time reverse transcription pcr.
regulatory mechanism was investigated using specific inhibitors ( mithramycin ) , mrna silencing or decoy oligonucleotides , and expression vectors.
chondrocyte dedifferentiation interfered with tgfβ signaling by decreasing tβrii mrna and protein levels and subsequent tgfβ response.
tβrii ectopic expression in passaged chondrocytes permitted to increase the expression of several matrix genes , such as aggrecan or type ii collagen.
although the increased lifespan of our populations illustrates the success of modern medicine , the risk of developing many diseases increases exponentially with old age.
caloric restriction is known to retard ageing and delay functional decline as well as the onset of disease in most organisms.
studies have implicated the sirtuins ( sirt1-sirt7 ) as mediators of key effects of caloric restriction during ageing.
this review covers the current status and controversies surrounding the potential of sirtuins as novel pharmacological targets , with a focus on sirt1.
typical risk factors for falls include a history of falling , decreased walking ability , and taking certain drugs.
serum vitamin d concentration is associated with falls , and vitamin d administration decreases falls.
fall prevention methods include exercise intervention , interventions other than exercise , and multifaceted interventions.
however , the scientific evidence for whether fall prevention prevents fractures is poor.
fracture prevention with the use of hip protectors is effective in nursing facility dwellers , but not in elderly people living at home.
in osteoporosis , the risk of fracture is influenced by decrease of bone mineral density and deterioration of bone quality.
the latter includes deterioration of the material and structural properties of bone.
evaluating fracture risk on the basis of a sound understanding of the various etiologies of osteoporosis is important when treating osteoporosis.
pharm.
bull. , @number@ 1915-1918 , @number@ ] .
the regucalcin gene is localized on the x chromosome and its expression is enhanced through various transcription factors.
regucalcin is known to play a multifunctional role as a suppressor protein of cell signaling in many cell types.
regucalcin is expressed in rat brain neurons and it is decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the brain with aging.
the disturbance of brain ca ( 2 + ) homeostasis may play a pivotal role in the revelation of brain disease.
the intracellular ca ( 2 + ) in brain tissues is increased with aging.
aging enhances the entry of ca ( 2 + ) into brain neuronal cells across the plasma membranes.
regucalcin had an inhibitory effect on rat brain microsomal ca ( 2 + ) -atpase activity.
the suppressive effect of regucalcin on brain microsomal ca ( 2 + ) -atpase activity was weakened in aged rats.
these inhibitory effects of regucalcin were weakened with aging.
objective : to evaluate the efficacy of adhesive tape for temporary management of inturned upper eyelid eyelashes.
transpore tape was applied to the right upper eyelid of each patient ; the left eye was used as a control.
a questionnaire was used to assess relief or persistence of the symptoms before , during , and after tape adhesion.
results : analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the study and control groups ( p = @number@ ) .
tukey honestly significant difference analysis revealed a significant difference in symptoms before and during tape adhesion and a significant difference during and after tape adhesion.
symptoms in the control eye remained unchanged.
conclusion : use of adhesive tape can be an effective temporary measure for relief of symptoms of inturned upper eyelid eyelashes.
pre-malignant tumor cells enter a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest termed senescence ( cellular senescence ; cs ) .
cs is a part of the aging program and involves multiple signaling cascades and transduction mechanisms.
in general , senescence can be divided into replicative senescence and premature senescence.
replicative senescence ( replicative cs ) has been described for all metabolically active cells that undergo a spontaneous decline in growth rate.
notably , ectopic expression of telomerase holoenzyme ( htert ) can prevent replicative cs.
oncogene induced cs can be promoted by the loss of tumor suppressor genes , such as pten.
new pathogenetic conditions and their tests are described ( sirtuines , telomere length , heart rate variability ) .
age related cardiovascular changes predispose the individual to arterial hypertension , heart failure and arrythmia.
a broad spectrum of tests are available to indentify and monitor the emerging cardiovascular dysfunction.
physical activity influences all age related cardiovascular mechanisms , improves cardiovascular function and even , at moderate intensity can reduce mortality and heart attack risk.
it is likely that the translation of laboratory studies to humans will improve understanding and stimulate the use of physical activity to benefit cardiovascular patients.
patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities ( smid ) often suffer from autonomic nervous system disturbances.
therefore , recognizing specific symptoms is important to improve support for smid.
we investigated the autonomic nervous function in patients with smid with skin vasomotor responses to cold stimuli.
the relationship of the results of cold stress and autonomic symptoms observed by the main caretakers was also examined.
we analyzed @number@ patients with smid.
their hand skin temperature was measured before and after cold stimuli using infrared thermography.
a ' distal-dorsal difference ' ( ddd ) at baseline , and the recovery rate of the second fingertip and dorsum were calculated.
all main caregivers filled out questionnaires evaluating autonomic symptoms.
the recovery rate of the second fingertip and dorsum after cold stimuli was lower than @percent@ in @percent@ and @percent@ patients , respectively.
the baseline ddd was greater than @number@ °c in @percent@ of the patients.
a ddd > 1 °c was associated with a reduced recovery rate.
all caregivers recognized some autonomic-related symptoms.
patients with constipation or snoring demonstrated a reduced recovery rate.
however , none of the observed symptoms can predict the presence of a reduced rate with cold stimuli in a statistically significant way.
this study showed excessive sympathetic nerve activities in patients with smid.
the baseline ddd could be a valuable parameter accessing their microvascular circulation.
we performed a delayed-item-recognition task to investigate the neural substrates of non-verbal visual working memory with event-related fmri ( 'shape task' ) .
both patterns also involved similar frontoparietal brain regions that were increasing in activity with memory load , and mediofrontal and temporal regions that were decreasing.
these findings point to similarities in the neural substrates of verbal and non-verbal rehearsal processes.
encoding processes , on the other hand , are critically dependent on the to-be-remembered material , and seem to necessitate material-specific neural substrates.
the emergent realist perspective on evaluation is instructive in the quest to use theory-informed evaluations to reduce health inequities.
( pawson & tilley , @number@ ) .
for this reason , theory , and theory-based evaluations are critical to health equity.
we present here three examples of evaluations with a focus on program theories and their links to inequalities.
all three examples illustrate the importance of theory-based evaluations in reducing health inequities.
multisectoral action theories form the basis for the second example on venezuela's revolutionary national barrio adentro health improvement program.
the theoretically driven and transformative nature of these interventions create special demands for the use of theory in evaluations.
introduction : lexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess language and executive function.
material and methods : the sample consisted of @number@ participants who are cognitively normal and range in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
tables are provided to convert raw scores to scaled scores.
age- and education-adjusted scores are provided by applying linear regression techniques.
conclusions : the norms obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical evaluation of young spanish adults.
the rocf assesses visual perception , constructional praxis , and visuo-spatial memory.
the fcsrt assesses verbal learning and memory.
material and methods : the sample consisted of @number@ healthy participants ranging in age from @number@ to @number@ years.
we provide tables for converting raw scores to scaled scores in addition to tables with scores adjusted by socio-demographic factors.
results : the results showed that education affects scores for some of the memory tests and the figure-copying task.
age was only found to have an effect on the performance of visuo-spatial memory tests , and the effect of sex was negligible.
conclusions : the normative data obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical neuropsychological evaluation of young spanish adults.
in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) , persistent microglial activation as sign of chronic neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression.
we attempted to modulate neuroinflammation by subjecting the animals to an anti-inflammatory treatment with pioglitazone ( 5-weeks ' treatment , 5-week wash-out period ) .
the new jouk scoring method was then compared to other commonly used systems ( e.g. shulman , tuokko , watson , wolf-klein ) .
although many programs aim to help older adults age in place , few target both the home environment and individual physical function.
we present an interprofessional intervention called capable-community aging in place : advancing better living for elders.
this article focuses primarily on the nursing aspect of the intervention and how it interrelates with the content and processes of the ot and handyman.
data from @number@ male volunteers ( mean age = @number@ ± @number@ years ) in the preadvise clinical trial were used in the current investigation.
analysis of covariance ( ancova ) shows statistically significant effects of age , race , and education on rsat speed measures.
results indicate that age-expanded norms will provide a more accurate reflection of the typical performance of older individuals on the rsat.
structures formed by human telomere sequence ( hts ) dna are of interest due to the implication of telomeres in the aging process and cancer.
we present studies of hts dna folding in an anhydrous , high viscosity deep eutectic solvent ( des ) comprised of choline choride and urea.
history of postpartum and perimenstrual mood exacerbation and current hormone therapy were evaluated as potential mood predictors.
perimenstrual and / or postpartum mood exacerbation , or hormone therapy did not significantly alter depression during perimenopause.
conclusions : a progression in female reproductive stages was associated with bipolar illness exacerbation.
a small number of women transitioning from perimenopause to postmenopause had significantly greater depression than other female reproductive groups.
euthymia and mood elevation decreased with progressing female reproductive stage.
menstrual cycle or postpartum mood exacerbation , or current hormone therapy use , was not associated with perimenopausal depression.
future studies , which include hormonal assessments , are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
while provincial and regional level ' big picture ' planning is a necessity , study participants highlighted the critical role of local perspective and expertise.
background / aim : the decrease of skin elasticity on the cheek is a major concern to woman.
the cutometer has been widely used to evaluate skin elasticity and its change with aging.
to find the most suitable cutometer parameter that reflects age-related changes in the elasticity of cheek skin using multiple suctions.
parameters f2 and f3 were obtained by the multiple suction method.
the relationship between age and these parameters were then examined.
results : significant negative correlations were found between the age of subjects and r2 , r3 , r7 , r8 and f3.
in @number@ alois alzheimer first characterized the disease that bears his name.
despite intensive research , which has led to a better understanding of the pathology , there is no effective treatment for this disease.
of the drugs approved by the us fda , none are disease modifying , only symptomatic.
hence , there is a need for the field to look at alternative approaches to therapy.
in this review , we will discuss how metal dyshomeostasis occurs in aging and alzheimer's disease.
concomitantly , we will discuss how targeting this dyshomeostasis offers an effective and novel therapeutic approach.
thus far , compounds that mediate these effects have shown great potential in both preclinical animal studies as well as in early-stage clinical trials.
objective : to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture of \ "shuanggu yitong \ " prescription on postponing aging.
the treatment was given once in a day , six of which made a course.
the rats in the normal control group and aging model group were not received any treatment.
moreover , it is argued this consistency has shaped an implicit prototype causing followers to associate older age with dominance leadership.
this indicates that democratic voting can be systematically adjusted by activating innate biases.
these findings appear to create a new line of research regarding the biology of leadership and contextual cues of age.
age- and smoking-adjusted genotype-phenotype associations were estimated in regression models.
using a nominal p ≤ @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) significance threshold , @number@ snps were associated with cvd risk in single locus analyses.
variations in genes other than mthfr and those directly involved in homocysteine metabolism are associated with cvd risk in non-hispanic white males.
this work supports a role for shmt1-related genes and nuclear folate metabolism , including the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway , in mediating cvd risk.
ataxia-telangiectasia ( a-t ) is a rare neurodegenerative immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene.
patients commonly have lymphopenia and ig-production abnormalities.
we also analyzed the sensitivity of t cells from four classical a-t patients to cd95-mediated apoptosis using tunel and caspase-activation assays.
our results confirmed lymphopenia and a deficiency in naive t and b cells in a-t patients.
cd95 expression on unstimulated a-t lymphocytes was high , and the apoptotic sensitivity of activated naive and central memory t cells was increased.
these findings show that the immunodeficiency in a-t patients may be described as congenitally aged and is not progressive.
the naive cell deficiency is not related to a deficiency in il-7 or its receptor.
however , il- @date@ upregulate cd95 on a-t lymphocytes.
results : principal axis factor analysis indicated that two factors should be retained.
items in the first factor reflected the concept of tb , whereas items in the second factor were consistent with the concept of pb.
both factors had medium-to-large positive correlations with hopelessness , depression , suicide ideation , and low meaning in life , providing evidence for convergent validity.
conclusions : findings from this study support the use of the inq-18 among community-dwelling older adults.
the samples were submitted to immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses.
research ethics committee of the school of medicine , university of campinas / unicamp ( number @number@.000-08 ) .
results : the results showed increased igfr-1 and mmps protein levels in the pc and hgpin groups.
decreased αdg and βdg protein levels were verified in the pc and hgpin groups.
androgen receptor ( ar ) reactivity was similar among all groups.
estrogen receptor α ( erα ) immunoreactivity was more intense in the epithelium in the pc and hgpin groups.
estrogen receptor β ( erβ ) immunoreactivity was weak in the epithelium of the hgpin and pc groups.
the present study focuses on the quantitative changes of the capillary bed in aging human skin.
forty-five skin samples were excised from the anterior thoracic region of cadavers of caucasian origin in the age range 33-82 years.
the immunohistochemical method with anti-human cd34 was used for the detection of the capillary endothelium.
morphometric analysis was done by vision assistant software.
the capillary bed was quantified by two parameters : capillary area ( ca ) and intercapillary distance ( id ) in @number@ age groups.
results revealed no quantitative changes of the capillary bed up to the age of @number@ years.
in the papillary dermis a significant reduction of the capillary area was seen in the 7th , 8th and 9th decennium.
a considerable decrease , by @percent@ , was determined in the 7th decennium.
during the 8th and 9th decennium the capillary area was reduced by a further @percent@ and @percent@.
in total from the 4th till the 9th decennium , the capillary bed in the papillary dermis was diminished by @percent@.
the intercapillary distance in the papillary dermis singnificantly increased during the 8th decennium.
in the reticular dermis the capillary bed remained unchanged.
the presence of isopeptide bonds impairs protein structure / function and can trigger autoimmune responses.
to minimize the damage , isoasp can be \ "repaired \ " by a specific l-isoaspartate- ( d-aspartate )
erythrocytes ( rbc ) were selected as the model system since , lacking protein synthesis apparatus , they are unable to replace damaged proteins.
blood samples were obtained from @number@ patients and @number@ controls.
l-isoasp content was highly increased in rbc membrane proteins from psoriatic patients.
deamidated species included ankyrin , band @number@ band @number@ and the integral membrane protein band @number@
different types of lasers with different mechanisms of action are available today for the facial rejuvenation.
sometimes it is difficult for the practitioner to decide which laser to use for what indication.
the purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the associations of life satisfaction with family and social relations among the japanese elderly.
men are more sensitive than women to overall family relations , while the relative importance of social relations is higher for women.
the quality-of-life construct can be used to assess how well an individual's needs are met or being met by the society.
moreover , the examination of heterogeneity within one culture and its influence on quality of life has been largely ignored.
while age and gender were included as confounders in the basic model , income was included in the second model as a potential mediating variable.
the differences remained largely unchanged after adjusting for income and tended to be accentuated when the threshold period was extended.
the treatment inequities associated with ethnicity were more pronounced in women than men.
all subjects also were given supportive skincare , consisting of a cleanser , moisturizer , and sunscreen.
each treatment was assessed for its effects on subjects ' appearance , lesion count reductions , and tolerability.
results : treatment a produced statistically significantly greater improvements in skin tone evenness , skin tone clarity , and blemishes and blotchiness.
both treatments demonstrated favorable tolerability.
botulinum neurotoxin-a ( bont-a ) has become widely used in aesthetic applications over the past @number@ years with several formulations now available.
as such , clinicians should continue to consider the formulations to be equipotent until such time that compelling clinical evidence to the contrary becomes available.
study design : a prospective clinical study.
summary of background data : the anatomical features of the em have been mostly discussed on the basis of cadaver studies in the whole spine.
however , the histomorphological features and clinical significance of the em in the cervical spine based on operative findings have never been reported.
the most damaged spinal segment was determined in each patient from the preoperative neurological and image findings along with the remaining symptoms at follow-up.
the morphological features of the em were observed and recorded in each patient during decompression.
for histology , specimens of common and remarkable types of the em obtained from @number@ patients were examined.
results : the age at surgery averaged @number@ years ; there were @number@ men and @number@ women.
the em was an adipo-fibro-vascular tissue with various histomorphologies , blending with the periradicular sheath.
all of them were located at approximately the most damaged spinal segment.
in addition , some ems had interesting histological features , such as harboring many small arteries , calcified debris , and metaplastic bone fragments.
compounds consisting of two or more amino acids , or peptides , are the building blocks of proteins.
peptides act as transmitters from the brain to the body , telling muscles and nerves to perform specific functions.
there are multiple peptides available that will achieve different topical results.
whether this function is impaired in humans of advanced age is unknown.
objective : to test the hypothesis that older adults demonstrate impaired muscle blood flow and lower intravascular atp during conditions of erythrocyte deoxygenation.
next , we demonstrated that this could not be explained by augmented extracellular atp hydrolysis in whole blood with age.
finally , we found that deoxygenation-mediated atp release from isolated erythrocytes was essentially nonexistent in older adults.
because aging is associated with elevated risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease and exercise intolerance , interventions that target erythrocyte-mediated atp release may offer therapeutic potential.
dual labeling with antibodies against phospho-ser @number@ and nitrated α-synuclein revealed only limited colocalization and mostly stained distinct sub-populations of dopaminergic neurons.
other mechanisms were also identified that likely contribute to α-synuclein modifications.
in particular , increased expression of polo-like kinase @number@ within neurons of older animals could contribute to phospho-ser @number@ α-synuclein production.
data also indicate that a pro-oxidant environment characterizes older neurons and favors α-synuclein nitration.
aging is an unequivocal risk factor for human α-synucleinopathies.
these findings are consistent with a mechanistic link between aging , α-synuclein abnormalities and enhanced vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes.
background : in an aging population an increasing number of breast cancers is diagnosed in elderly women.
methods : data of tnbc patients diagnosed between @number@ and @number@ were retrospectively analyzed by computer based chart information.
results : out of @number@ tnbc patients @percent@ were < 65 years and @percent@ were ≥65 years.
distant visceral metastases occurred significantly more often than bone metastases in both age groups ( p < 0.001 ) .
elderly tnbc patients received significantly less chemotherapy than younger patients ( p < 0.001 ) .
abstractthe hidden nature of older adult mistreatment renders its detection in the domestic setting particularly challenging.
a validated screening instrument that can provide a systematic assessment of risk factors can facilitate this detection.
the present study has contributed to the validation of the \ "e-ioa \ " in an english-speaking community setting in ontario , canada.
the adaptation , the \ "mistreatment of older adult risk factors \ " tool , offers a comprehensive tool for screening in the home setting.
this instrument is significant to professional practice as practitioners working with older adults will be better equipped to assess for risk of mistreatment.
understanding older patients ' experiences of their journeys through the health system is critical to improving service integration and quality of care.
guided by case study methodology , we gathered data through semi-structured interviews and patient logs.
three overarching themes - social support , system navigation , and access - emerged from the data.
attending to provider-patient and provider-provider communication , and to patient social support and self-care needs , could improve integration and care outcomes.
achieving what patients perceive as an integrated and effective system will require time and commitment.
the oncoming retirement of baby boomers has governments worried.
will individual baby boomers demonstrate the ability to prepare financially for their retirement ?
well-being in retirement depends largely on financial preparedness during working life.
those baby boomers who are the most vulnerable at the end of their working lives are more likely to become vulnerable during retirement.
first we establish the socio-economic categories for which members are most financially vulnerable.
then , we estimate how many baby boomers are vulnerable and to what extent.
this study's preferred approach is an interprovincial comparison between quebec and ontario , used to analyze individual aspects of baby boomers ' financial positions.
background : attitudes are known to exert a powerful influence on a range of behaviors.
results : overall , attitudes to aging were positive in this sample.
better financial status and being employed were both associated with more positive attitudes to aging and better self-reported physical health.
relationship status was also significantly associated with mental health and satisfaction with life , but not physical health.
conclusion : the promotion of successful aging is increasingly becoming important in aging societies.
having positive attitudes to aging may contribute to healthier mental and physical outcomes in older adults.
overcoming negative stereotypes of aging through change at the societal and individual level may help to promote more successful aging.
once that peak was crossed , complexity values slowly decreased until late senescence.
females exhibited higher lzc values than males , with significant differences in the anterior , central and posterior regions ( p < 0.05 ) .
significance : previous and forthcoming clinical studies using complexity estimates might be interpreted from a more complete and dynamical perspective.
in acute rejection after renal transplant , glomerulitis is characterized by mononuclear cells in glomerular capillaries and endothelial cell enlargement.
in association with c4d deposition in peritubular capillaries , glomerulitis is a feature of acute antibody-mediated rejection.
prognosis in c4d ( + ) rejection is poorer than in c4d ( - ) rejection.
we measured the glomerular endothelial cell area in c4d ( + ) and c4d ( - ) acute rejections by morphometry.
in @number@ acute rejection biopsies , glomerulitis was present in @number@ cases ( group g ) and absent in @number@ ( group g0 ) .
in biopsies without rejections and in c4d ( - ) biopsies of group g0 , glomerular endothelial cell area was not significantly different.
circulating posttransplant anti-human leukocyte antigen class i and class ii antibodies correlated with increased endothelial cell area ( p < @number@ ) .
only in c4d ( + ) rejections did the presence of glomerulitis increase this association ( or , @number@ p < @number@ ) .
instead , tissue size , torque and ground reaction force have been used as proxy markers of intrinsic muscle force.
however , most of these proxy markers are not or insufficiently representative of maximum force.
based on our recent research , we describe a novel approach for the assessment of the lower leg muscle-bone unit in health and disease.
the aging field is replete with theories.
over the past years , many distinct , yet overlapping mechanisms have been proposed to explain organismal aging.
six papers based on studies with particular epidemiological designs are presented here which have been selected on the basis of their visibility in the literature.
the designs are intended to provide robust evidence on risk , natural history , and underpinning neurobiology and outcomes relevant to aging populations.
the religious orders study and the rush memory and aging project are both cohort studies of aging and dementia that include organ donation at death.
together , more than @number@ persons have agreed to annual clinical evaluation and brain donation at death.
a subset of participants also participated in a substudy that included ante-mortem imaging.
we highlight recent findings that have been highly cited over the past five years.
the findings fall into three general categories.
the first relates to the neuropathology of probable alzheimer's disease , mild cognitive impairment , and those without dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
the second relates to risk factors for alzheimer's disease and neuropathology.
the third are clinical and imaging studies of mild cognitive impairment.
the findings illustrate the range of insights that can be gained into cognitive aging by incorporating neuropathologic indices into well designed , prospective cohort studies.
previous studies suggest that physical activity may be protective for dementia and cognitive impairment.
we synthesized our results with a meta-analysis specifically testing if length of follow-up was associated with the size of any association.
there was no evidence that this differed by type ( vascular versus non-vascular ) of cognitive disease.
young and older normal controls were compared to early ad patients using psychophysical measures of visual word and motion processing.
we find elevated perceptual thresholds for letters and word discrimination from young normal controls , to older normal controls , to early ad patients.
across subject groups , visual motion processing showed a similar pattern of increasing thresholds , with the greatest impact on radial pattern motion perception.
combined analyses show that letter , word , and motion processing impairments are independent of each other.
aging and ad may be accompanied by independent impairments of visual processing for reading and navigation.
this suggests separate underlying disorders and highlights the need for comprehensive evaluations to detect early deficits.
inflammation has been associated with alzheimer's disease ( ad ) and dementia.
@number@ participants were first evaluated in @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@ and follow-up was performed after @number@ years.
a self-administered questionnaire including questions on joint disorders was used at both evaluations.
cognitive status ( control , mild cognitive impairment , dementia / ad ) was assessed at follow-up.
for ra only , or ( @percent@ ci ) was @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) .
the correlation remained significant for ra when ad was considered instead of dementia or ( @percent@ ci ) @number@ ( @number@ @date@ ) .
the presence of joint disorders , especially ra , at midlife seems to be associated with a worse cognitive status later in life.
it is also designated as the lead within nih for research on alzheimer's disease.
early epidemiologic studies have hinted at an anticancer role for multiple antioxidant compounds that are present in fresh produce.
recent molecular data suggest that certain antioxidants may contribute towards oncogenesis.
with an increasingly older society , there will be an increased need for medical and surgical treatment of osteoarthritis.
total joint arthroplasty offers pain relief and potential functional improvement.
unfortunately , the outcomes for joint replacement differ significantly by the joint being replaced.
the best examples of positive outcome for both pain relief and functional improvement are total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty.
shoulder arthroplasty has demonstrated encouraging outcomes but the outcome data is not yet as robust as the data for hip and knee arthroplasty.
elbow arthroplasty provides good pain relief but functional outcomes are not nearly as good , and significant potential complications exist.
almost @number@ million adults in the united states experience some form of osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
the focus of this review is on the impact of aerobic activity on the progression and symptom control of oa.
in healthy subjects , it appears that overall pa is beneficial , rather than detrimental , to knee joint health.
more research is needed to determine the optimal types and dosing of aerobic conditioning.
osteoarthritis of the spine develops as a consequence of the natural aging process and is associated with significant morbidity and health care expenditures.
effective diagnosis and treatment of the resultant pathologic conditions can be clinically challenging.
recent evidence has emerged to aid the investigating clinician in formulating an accurate diagnosis and in implementing a successful treatment algorithm.
management of oa is primarily focused on palliative relief using agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaid ) and analgesics.
however , such an approach is limited by a narrow therapeutic focus that fails to address the progressive and multimodal nature of oa.
the goals of pharmaconutrition for metabolic optimization are to drive biochemical reactions in a desired direction and to meet health condition-specific metabolic demands.
this demand traditionally has been met with total joint replacements as the definitive treatment.
the purpose of this article is to review minimally invasive surgical options for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip , knee , and shoulder.
we also examine their appropriate application , limitations , clinical outcomes , and associated complications.
the mitochondrial common deletion ( cd ) mutation is induced by oxidative stress.
one main source of oxidative stress is the error-prone process of the respiratory chain located in the mitochondria.
another important source is the exposure to environmental factors , which further induces oxidative stress in the cells.
higher levels of cd were detected in neck skin than in buttock skin in both german and japanese women.
cd also increased with age in the neck skin.
german women had higher cd concentrations in the neck skin than japanese women.
the cd concentrations in the buttock skin samples were similar in both populations.
these findings suggest higher environmental uv exposure resulted in higher levels of cd in the skin of german women compared with japanese women.
ultraviolet light in the 290- to 320-nm wavelength range ( uvb ) induces angiogenesis and lymphatic dysfunction in skin.
this review deals with uvb-induced alterations to the blood and lymphatic systems in skin and the molecular mechanisms involved.
we also discuss potential strategies to block photoageing of skin by inhibiting angiogenesis and / or promoting lymphatic vascular function.
the human brain displays oxidant and antioxidant markers with regional specificity that directly impinges on neuronal function in aging and in disease states.
similarly , the antioxidant activities might exhibit differential intracellular distribution rendering subcellular structures differentially vulnerable to toxic insults.
increasing storage time or gender difference did not affect the antioxidant activities.
the bioengineered hair follicles properly connected to the host skin epithelium by intracutaneous transplantation and reproduced the stem cell niche and hair cycles.
the bioengineered hair follicles also autonomously connected with nerves and the arrector pili muscle at the permanent region and exhibited piloerection ability.
our findings indicate that the bioengineered hair follicles could restore physiological hair functions and could be applicable to surgical treatments for alopecia.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are independently recognized to play a significant role in radiation-induced damage on healthy tissue and in aging process.
however , an age-related alteration of antioxidant ( ao ) system in radiation response in humans is poorly investigated.
blood samples were irradiated with curative and palliative doses of @number@ gy or @number@ gy γ-rays.
lower memory scores were linked to smaller hc and higher hc iron concentration.
no such associations were noted for cd and vc.
longitudinal follow-up is needed to test whether altered iron homeostasis in the hc is an early marker for age-related cognitive decline.
objectives / hypothesis : to quantify the prevalence and determine the impact of dizziness and balance disorders in the elderly.
study design : cross-sectional analysis of a national database.
the prevalence of balance disorders and associated symptoms and their impacts on self-reported functional limitations were determined.
the related impact on daily activities for elderly persons with balance problems was quantified.
sex-based differences in balance problems were determined.
prescription medication triggered the balance problem in @percent@.
females were more likely to experience balance problems than males ( @percent@ vs. @percent@ , p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : approximately one in five elderly persons experiences annual problems with dizziness or balance.
throughout life , there is an aging of the immune system that causes impairment of its defense capability.
prevention or delay of this deterioration is considered crucial to maintain general health and increase longevity.
we evaluated whether dietary supplementation with lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus @number@ could enhance the immune response in the elderly.
this multi-center , double-blind , and placebo controlled study enrolled @number@ elderly volunteers who were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or probiotics.
each capsule of probiotics contained at least @number@ × 10 ( @number@ ) l. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus @number@
individuals in the study were administered three capsules per day for @number@ months.
blood samples were obtained at baseline ( time @number@ ) , end of month @number@ and month @number@
the probiotic group also showed decreased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-8 but increased antimicrobial peptide hbd-2.
these effects disappeared within @number@ months of stopping the probiotic intake.
introduction : benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is a major health concern for aging men.
physicians completed patient record forms , and data were analyzed for clinical outcomes and their relationship with the choice of appropriate therapy.
results : patients receiving combination therapies for bph are likely to be older and are more likely to be retired than those on monotherapy.
combination therapy is adopted in the real-world setting as first-line therapy on a not-infrequent basis.
conclusion : in the real clinical world , permixon is considered an appropriate treatment for bph as both monotherapy and in combination with alpha-blockers.
prescribing permixon in combination with alpha-blockers can be demonstrated to provide benefits beyond use of either therapy alone.
hscs and myofibroblasts were also noted to express collagen iv , which may contribute to production of basal lamina-like structures.
in fibrotic livers , the sinusoidal lining showed variable immunostaining for collagen iv.
collagen iv immunostaining revealed vascular proliferation and atypical ductular reaction at the portal-septal parenchymal borders , as well as capillary-like vessels in the lobular parenchyma.
neuropsychiatric symptoms , including depression , cognitive impairment , and substance abuse , are very common in individuals infected with hiv.
myofiber and sc characteristics were determined from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis using immunohistochemistry.
immunoblotting was used to determine phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 and protein expression of p27 ( kip1 ) and cyclin d1.
results : pax7 + sc were significantly increased in young men @number@ h following re.
percent sc were significantly increased in older women at @number@ and @number@ h following re.
aging decreased myonuclear domain and increased protein expression of p27 ( kip1 ) .
conclusions : an acute bout of re increases sc content in young men at @number@ h and older women at @number@ and @number@ h.
human th has several isoforms produced by alternative mrna splicing , which may affect activation by phosphorylation of serine residues in the n-terminus of th.
the activity and protein level of th are decreased to cause da deficiency in the striatum in pd.
however , the homo-specific activity ( activity / enzyme protein ) of th is increased.
this increase in th homo-specific activity suggests activation by increased phosphorylation at the n-terminus of the th protein for a compensatory increase in da synthesis.
we recently found that phosphorylation of the n-terminal portion of th triggers proteasomal degradation of the enzyme to increase th turnover.
furthermore , increased th homo-specific activity leading to an increase in da may cause toxic reactive oxygen species in the neurons to promote neurodegeneration.
much has been written about the effects of aging on reproductive function , especially female fertility.
much less is known about how aging may affect the contractility of the smooth muscle within the uterus , the myometrium.
the myometrium is active through a woman's entire life , not just during pregnancy.
our data show that in the non-pregnant state there is a significant decrease in contractility for both spontaneous and depolarised-induced contractions , with age.
we suggest that muscle atrophy and down regulation of ca channels may account for this.
the growth of the pregnant uterus and increase in content of myofibrillar proteins , may abolish any previous age-related force deficit.
while circumventing the major disputes associated with human escs , ipscs offer the same advantages and , in addition , new perspectives for personalized medicine.
this review summarizes technical advances toward the generation of potentially clinically relevant human ipscs.
we also highlight key molecular events underlying the process of cellular reprogramming and discuss inherent features of ipscs , including genome instability and epigenetic memory.
differences between the depressed and nondepressed and men and women were examined.
design : cross-sectional survey.
setting : home , senior center.
participants : a total of @number@ senior center members ( @number@ male , @number@ female ) @number@ years and older.
a 9-item patient health questionnaire assessed current symptomatology.
results : overall , @percent@ reported depressive symptoms ( ≥5 ) ; @percent@ correctly identified the person in the vignette as depressed.
different associations emerged for depressed / nondepressed and men and women.
background : the u.s. population is aging and increasingly culturally diverse.
methods : systematic review of published research studies examining african american preferences related to end-of-life care and decision-making.
findings : there are well documented differences in preferences for end-of-life care and utilization of services between non-hispanic whites and african americans.
characteristically , hypokinesis or akinesis occurs in the mid- and apical segments of the left ventricle in the absence of epicardial coronary lesions.
we report on @number@ well over @number@ years old women ( @number@ and @number@ years ) admitted to the emergency room with chest pain.
clinical signs , ecg alterations and high troponin i in both patients imposed urgent diagnostic testing and management.
coronary angiography , performed on an emergency basis , in both cases revealed minimal luminal irregularities , with no evidence of plaque rupture or thrombus.
taken together , these findings were consistent with abs , and critical observations on coronary angiography indicated the diagnosis by exclusion.
the patients were seen in the clinic @number@ weeks after discharge.
they had had no recurrent chest pain , and had returned to the normal life they had had before the cardiovascular event.
a repeat echocardiography showed a normalized estimated ejection fraction in both patients.
abs is a diagnosis of exclusion and its incidence is probably underestimated in elderly patients in whom coronary angiography is not common.
background and aims : physical function and quality of life represent two major components of multidimensional evaluation in older people.
the aim of the study was to verify which specific physical function measure is a more important predictor of quality of life in these individuals.
methods : data are from @number@ community-dwelling older persons attending a geriatric cardiovascular clinic.
to provide fair comparisons across all the physical function measures , results were provided according to their increase in standard deviation ( sd ) .
results : the mean age of the sample population ( women @percent@ ) was @number@ ( sd = 8.3 ) years old.
given significant gender interactions between physical function and quality of life , separate analyses were conducted for men and women.
in women , all physical function measures were significantly associated with quality of life measures in unadjusted models ( p-values < 0.05 ) .
the euroqol visual analogic scale maintained its significant associations with sppb , adl and iadl , even after adjustment for potential confounders.
in men , no physical function measure was consistently associated with quality of life in the fully-adjusted models.
gender-specific differences in the perception of quality of life were reported for disabilities in specific iadl tasks.
conclusions : physical function is associated with quality of life in older persons.
in particular , disabilities in some specific iadl tasks seem to be especially perceived by women as undermining their quality of life.
the use of the iadl scale in men may not be as reliable as in women.
however , robust patients who do not present in-hospital complications may not need geriatric liaison.
conclusions : of the three scores helped in the triage of patients according to their risk of future in-hospital age.
all older patients with hip fracture , irrespective of their admission frailty-robustness profile , should receive geriatric evaluation and intervention.
methods : data from a national survey of singaporeans @number@ years and over was used.
the association between adl limitations and health conditions was assessed through logistic regression.
those with adl limitations were asked about the perceived cause / s of their limitation / s.
results : overall prevalence of adl limitations was @percent@.
conclusion : clinical suspicion is called for if individuals with adl limitations attribute them solely to ' old age'.
methods : @number@ ( @percent@ ) subjects were included in the study , for whom bbs , and static and dynamic balance measurements were performed.
explanatory factor analysis was used to create a shorter version of the bbs.
static and dynamic balance was measured on a force platform.
correlations between the short bbs and static and dynamic balance were analysed by spearman's correlation analysis.
cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the short bbs.
results : explanatory factory analysis produced two factors.
factor @number@ consisted of nine items and factor @number@ of four items of the bbs.
one item of the original bbs was not loaded in these factors.
the short bbs ( bbs-9 ) was formed of factor @number@
it correlated significantly with the original bbs , and had moderate correlations with static and dynamic aspects of balance ( p < 0.001 ) .
the high scores of bbs-9 were associated with better static and dynamic balance.
conclusions : results support the applicability of bbs-9 in assessing functional balance among the aged with quite good physical function.
background and aims : unsupported standing is one of the most important functional tasks involving balance control.
methods : forty four elderly inpatients ( mean age @number@ yrs ) after hip fracture or stroke were recruited for the study.
balance was assessed after admission and @number@ weeks later on a force platform at floor level and simultaneously by a tri-axial accelerometer at hip level.
it contained questions about the provision of services for persons with dementia.
results : in 1996 / 1997 , @percent@ of the municipalities had scus and @percent@ of the beds in norwegian nursing homes were in scus.
in 2010 / 11 , @percent@ of the municipalities had such services , which filled @percent@ of the beds in nursing homes.
the number of beds in sh units increased from @number@ beds in 1996 / 1997 to @number@ beds in 2010 / 11.
scus have on average three patients per carer on an ordinary weekday day-time shift.
these numbers have been quite stable throughout the study period.
the ratio is about @number@ patients per carer in the sh units and is also stable.
both scus and sh units seem to have stable staffing ratios and the number of beds in each unit is also stable.
the present study examined the reliability and validity of individualized satisfaction measurement using the adoc.
test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient ( icc ) .
results : ninety-two clients completed the validation study.
of the @number@ clients , @number@ participated in the test-retest reliability study.
good to moderate correlation was revealed ( icc = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : the japanese version of the adoc is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring client satisfaction with individualized occupational performance.
this finding also further confirmed that peripheral resolution decreased with age.
many ageing-associated dysfunctions in stem cells have been described , but it remains ambiguous whether these are merely an outcome of ageing or are causal.
parabiotic animal studies suggest there are factors in the systemic environment that can influence the regenerative capacity of tissues.
these factors can be altered by ageing , but it is not clear where these age-dependent factors are derived.
background : population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon that has recently challenged public healthcare systems.
the knowledge of the burden of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in elders is still limited , particularly in the developing world.
this systematic review aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in elderly brazilians.
two review authors independently selected the eligible studies and extracted data on participants ' characteristics and rates of chronic musculoskeletal disorders.
one review author extracted methodological quality data.
results : twenty five studies reporting on a total of @number@ elderly brazilians were included.
eight studies ( @percent@ ) were of high methodological quality.
there was a large variation in the measure of prevalence used by individual studies and in their definition of chronic pain.
prevalence estimates reached @percent@ for chronic musculoskeletal pain in any location.
studies investigating multiple pain sites found the lower limb and the spine to be the most prevalent complaints ( @percent@ each ) .
aim : colorectal cancer ( crc ) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide.
we examined temporal trends in death rates from colorectal cancer in chile from @number@ to @number@
method : we analysed the mortality database in chile from @number@ to @number@
cases were selected using icd- @date@ codes.
the rates were adjusted by a direct method using the who-2000 standard population.
time trends were assessed with prais-winsten regression models.
results : there were @number@ deaths from crc ( @percent@ for cc ) .
conclusion : the crude mortality rate from crc has doubled in chile in this period.
after adjustment of mortality rates , it appears that much of this increase is due to the aging population.
however , part of this increase could be explained by other factors.
older people reaching end-of-life status are particularly at risk of adverse effects of drug therapy.
end of life is defined by a limited lifespan or advanced disability.
appropriate dosing or optimal administration routes are in most cases unknown.
however , discontinuation of drugs is not standard practice , and prescriptions are usually not adapted to changes in the course of advanced diseases.
solid evidence is lacking to guide optimal pharmacotherapy in most end-of-life settings , especially in non-cancer diseases and very old patients.
some open questions for research are suggested.
prescription of medicines is a fundamental component of the care of older people , but evidence suggests that pharmacotherapy in this population is often inappropriate.
pharmacists have been involved in different approaches for the optimization of prescribing and rational medication use in older people.
the provision of pharmaceutical care , medication reviews and educational interventions by pharmacists in the nursing home , ambulatory and acute care settings are discussed.
however , the evidence of the impact of pharmacists ' interventions on health outcomes , quality of life or cost effectiveness of care is mixed.
better results have been reported when pharmacists are skilled and work in the context of a multidisciplinary team.
geriatric pharmacotherapy represents one of the biggest achievements of modern medical interventions.
we also review optimizing strategies aimed at medication adherence focusing on complex elderly patients.
for prescribing optimization , results of educational intervention strategies were inconsistent.
the more promising strategies involved pharmacists or multidisciplinary teams including geriatric medicine services.
however , methodological weaknesses including population and intervention heterogeneity do not allow for comprehensive meta-analyses to determine the clinical value of individual approaches.
little attention was given to psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pharmacotherapy.
there is sufficient potential for improvements in geriatric pharmacotherapy in terms of drug safety and effectiveness.
underprescription of potentially useful drugs is widespread among older people and may herald several adverse outcomes.
underprescribing is highly prevalent across different settings , including in the community , hospitals and nursing homes.
selected interventions may help to improve the quality of prescriptions and reduce the burden of underprescribing.
among these , comprehensive geriatric assessment ( cga ) has been demonstrated to effectively improve prescribing practice.
educational interventions may also be effective in reducing underprescribing.
the presentation of an adr in older adults is often atypical , which further complicates its recognition.
one potential strategy for improving recognition of adrs is to identify those patients who are at risk of an adr.
provision of adequate education in the domain of clinical geriatric pharmacology can improve recognition of adrs.
to date a number of different strategies have been used to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people.
the majority of these prescribing indicators pertain to overprescribing and misprescribing , with only a minority focussing on the underprescribing of indicated medicines.
off-label prescribing should not be viewed as scientifically or ethically unsound when there are good clinical data to support a particular therapeutic indication.
an online survey explored the relations between negative health perceptions by long-distance caregivers and conflict frequency and conflict strategy usage.
the authors observed positive significant relations between distant caregiver negative health perceptions and conflict frequency and usage of the distributive and avoidance conflict strategies.
however , they observed no significant associations between distant caregiver negative health perceptions and usage of the two integrative strategies.
implications for long-distance caregiving communication are discussed.
cellular stress response is a reaction to changes or fluctuations of extracellular conditions that damage the structure and function of macromolecules.
inability to repair the damage or exposure to prolonged stress may contribute to aging.
persistent cell stress often enhances susceptibility to cancer and aging associated diseases.
design : retrospective cohort analysis of medicare data.
setting : all short-stay inpatient hospitals in the united states , @number@ to @number@
participants : individuals aged @number@ and older.
measurements : severe sepsis was detected using a standard administrative definition.
case-fatality , prevalence , and incidence rates were calculated.
the annual number of new 3-year survivors after severe sepsis rose @percent@ during @number@ to @number@
increasing rates of organ dysfunction in hospitalized individuals drove the increase in severe sepsis incidence , with an additional small contribution from population aging.
conclusions : sepsis survivorship , which has substantial long-term morbidity , is a common and rapidly growing public health problem for older americans.
there has been little change in long-term case-fatality , despite changes in practice.
clinicians should anticipate more-frequent sequelae of severe sepsis in their patient populations.
it is well suited for physicians , particularly medical residents and fellows in-training , who provide care for medically complicated elderly and terminally ill individuals.
both modules address practical approaches to addressing palliative care in patients and their families.
the graying prison population is also straining state and local budgets.
in prison , older prisoners cost approximately three times as much as younger prisoners to incarcerate , largely because of healthcare costs.
this article provides an overview of aging in the criminal justice system.
method : @number@ young , @number@ middle-aged , and @number@ older adults participated in experiment @number@
the habit-training process-dissociation was used to explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying memory slips to separate the contribution of habit and recollection to memory performance.
this research should improve understanding of memory complaints , preclinical and clinical dementia , and help target processes for rehabilitation.
objective : we investigated suspected longitudinal interaction effects of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) genotype and educational attainment on cognitive decline in normal aging.
method : our sample consisted of @number@ healthy , nondemented adults aged between @number@ and @number@ years.
linear mixed-models analyses were performed with four measurement time points : baseline , 3-year , 6-year , and 12-year follow-up.
covariates included age at baseline , sex , and self-perceived physical and mental health.
moreover , this outcome was confined to concept-shifting performance and was especially observable between 6- and 12-year follow-ups.
no protective effects of higher education were found on any of the six cognitive measures.
moreover , we conclude that , within the cognitive reserve framework , education does not have significant protective power against age-related cognitive decline.
late-life development of affect may unfold terminal changes that are driven more by end-of-life processes and not so much by time since birth.
this study aimed to explore time-to-death-related effects in measures of affect in a sample of the very old.
with respect to pa , no time-to-death-related effects were discovered , but linear age-related decline was found.
these effects suggest a twofold dynamic of terminal changes in na.
first , a general increase of na across a larger period preceding death potentially mirrors basic processes of degradation of the human system.
second , approaching the end , these processes may exhaust negative activation , prompting a terminal drop of na close to death.
we propose that reduced perforin secretion underlies the reduction in nkcc that accompanies physiological aging.
moderator analyses detected that the type of network assessment affected the reported size of global , personal , and family networks.
period effects on network sizes occurred for personal and friendship networks , which have decreased in size over the last @number@ years.
we discuss how these patterns of normative social network development inform research in social , evolutionary , cultural , and personality psychology.
background : physical activity has good influence on health.
the physical activity of elderly people may decrease , because of the health problems or think that with aging sport activity should be reduced.
material and methods : @number@ persons in age @number@ and more ( @number@ women and @number@ men ) participated in the study.
all participants live alone or with family.
the measurement was conducted for @number@ hours.
physical activity was also classified on the basis of the number of steps.
results : the median of the age of participants was @number@ years.
the median of bmi was @number@ kg / m2.
age was correlated with bmi ( r = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
participants made on average @number@ steps daily , @percent@ of them made less than @number@ steps and @percent@ more than @number@ steps a day.
the median of the physical activity duration was @number@ hour and @number@ minutes , and in most cases it was the moderate physical activity.
the median of the lying down duration was @number@ hours and @number@ minutes.
there were no differences between younger and older participants in the sedentary energy expenditure and lying down duration.
both groups had the sedentary energy expenditure and the lying duration at the same level.
elderly people with higher bmi had lower total energy expenditure and lower intensity and shorter physical activity duration than elderly people with lower bmi.
background : changes in the structure and functioning of the body occur with age.
also nutrition is continually modified.
eating habits may affect favorably or unfavorably on the process of aging and the functioning of various tissues , organs and the whole body.
objectives : the purpose of the study was to evaluate dietary habits and food preferences of patients in different age groups.
in the studied groups also body mass index ( bmi ) and body fat content were analyzed.
material and method : @number@ people ( @number@ women and @number@ men , age 18-79 years ) were examined.
the participants completed questionnaires of the frequency of food consumption and food preferences.
the height , weight , body mass index ( bmi ) , the percentage of body fat ( bia ) were also measured.
for statistical analysis the assessment of correlation spearman's rank order and nonparametric anova rank kruskal-wallis were used.
with age , the respondents preferred animal fats ( p < @number@ ) and vegetable fats ( p < @number@ ) .
the frequency of butter consumption decreased ( p < @number@ ) and consumption of vegetable fats increased ( p < @number@ ) .
the decreased desire ( p < @number@ ) and frequency of nuts / almonds consumption ( p < @number@ ) were noted.
aging and digitalisation are important trends which have their impact on information accessibility.
accessible information about products and services is of crucial importance to ensure that all citizens can participate fully as active members of society.
senior citizens who have difficulties using new media run the risk of exclusion in today's information society.
not all senior citizens , however , encounter problems with new media.
not by a long shot.
there is much to be said for ' aged heterogeneity' , the concept that individual differences increase as people age.
in this paper , the most important results of these case studies will be discussed.
we recently showed that shh and its signaling components , patched and smoothened , are expressed in postnatal and adult hippocampal neurons.
we have now examined whether shh signaling has a function in these neurons.
using cultured hippocampal neurons as a model system , we found that presynaptic terminals become significantly larger in response to the application of shh.
ultrastructural examination confirmed the enlarged presynaptic profiles and also revealed variable increases in the size of synaptic vesicles , with a resulting loss of uniformity.
thus , we conclude that shh signaling regulates the structure and functional properties of presynaptic terminals of hippocampal neurons.
data-dependent acquisition ( dda ) was used for baseline analysis.
pie involves the re-injection of samples with exclusion of the previously identified peptides.
the first pie iteration reveals an increase of 75-112% more peptides than the dda method alone.
pie can interrogate complex plasma samples with the percentage of peptides identified successively increasing with even ≥4 iterations.
the total number of peptides identified increases rapidly across the first three pie iterations and then continues more slowly up to nine iterations.
pie methods may therefore expand our ability to recover plasma peptides for plasma biomarker discovery.
nephrologists worldwide are gradually coping with elderly patients.
this is because of the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and specifically chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
ckd in the elderly rarely occurs in isolation from other chronic conditions and can often be a marker of these conditions themselves.
however , where and how this model must be realized is still questionable.
new hospital care models are patient-centered and encompass the concepts of departments to embrace the differentiated levels of care approach.
the aging process is characterized by a high level of complexity , which makes the care of older adults particularly challenging.
for this reason , a complete and global examination of patient characteristics is mandatory in the drug prescribing process.
assessment of renal function must be considered part of this process.
nevertheless , few studies have focused on elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms in the aged bladder.
bladder dysfunction due to detrusor instability ( caused by old age ) is considered to be associated with chronic ischaemia and inflammation.
urodynamic examinations were preformed before radical cystectomy.
the full-thickness bladder tissues were obtained at least @number@ cm away from the margin of the tumours.
no significant difference in ngf mrna expression between the two groups was detected ( p > 0.05 ) .
in conclusion , the aged bladder was associated with ischaemic and inflammatory alterations in comparison to the control group.
tl1a and dr3 may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of the aged bladder.
older adults constitute the greatest percentage of cancer survivors in the country , with @percent@ being aged @number@ years and older.
the objective of this article is to identify a method to assess older adult cancer survivors to be used in tailoring survivorship care.
results were combined with previous research to provide an evidence-based approach to assessing older cancer survivors.
the resulting assessment provides valuable information on the functional status of older adult patients with cancer.
this assessment can be used by nurses to develop treatment plans and tailor management strategies to improve quality of life.
myelodysplastic syndromes ( mds ) are a group of myeloid stem cell clonal disorders characterized by a wide variation in illness trajectory and potential treatment.
the physical , functional , emotional , social , and spiritual well-being of individuals with mds can be affected by both disease and treatment-related factors.
as a result , the quality of life ( qol ) in patients with mds may vary throughout the course of the illness.
although data from those studies are useful , they do not fully address the issues critical to maintaining or maximizing qol.
oncology nurses are in a key position to assist patients with mds to maintain their qol.
findings from comprehensive qol assessments will guide nurses in providing relevant interventions and evaluating their outcomes.
in this manner , oncology nurses can assist their patients to maximize qol while living with this challenging illness.
we usually think of an individual's cells as sharing the same genome.
challenging this notion , two new studies show that somatic mosaicism is common and can be an early herald of cancer.
the main physiological function of adipose-derived stromal / progenitor cells ( asc ) is to differentiate into adipocytes.
asc are most likely localized at perivascular sites in adipose tissues and retain the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types.
dlk1 ( pref1 ) is an established marker for mouse adipocyte progenitors which inhibits adipogenesis.
this suggests that dlk1 ( pref1 ) could be a useful marker to characterize human asc.
the dlk1 ( pref1 ) status of human asc is however unknown.
in the present study we isolated asc from the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women.
these cells were selected by their plastic adherence and expanded to passage @number@
to investigate whether dlk1 ( pref1 ) plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis in these cells rnai-mediated knockdown experiments were conducted.
we conclude that dlk1 ( pref1 ) is well expressed in human asc and acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis.
moreover , dlk1 ( pref1 ) could be a functional marker contributing to the characterization of human asc.
the pathology underpinning cvd is atherosclerosis , a chronic inflammatory state involving the arterial wall.
progression of atherosclerotic lesions may gradually lead to plaque related complications and clinically manifest as acute vascular syndromes including acute myocardial or cerebral ischemia.
nanotechnology offers emerging therapeutic strategies , which may have advantage overclassical treatments for atherosclerosis.
in this review , we present the potential applications of nanotechnology toward prevention , identification and treatment of atherosclerosis.
nanomedicine aims to provide novel tools for diagnosis , therapy and point-of-care management of patients.
several nanotechnological approaches were developed to improve life quality for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
one critical point is that new generations of targeted nanoparticle based drugs are developed and optimized for certain metabolic conditions.
these conditions may change with age or disease.
summarizing it can be noted that the bioavailability of insulin administered via routes others than subcutaneously is comparably low ( max.
@percent@ ) .
moreover new approaches are required for prevention of the disease.
nevertheless , there has been little neurological investigation into pfc activity during this test.
results : behavioral performance of the kpt degraded compared to its single task components.
performance of the kpt markedly increased bold signal intensity in the pfc , and also activated sensorimotor , parietal association , and visual cortex areas.
in conjunction analyses , bilateral bold signal in the dorsolateral pfc ( brodmann's areas @number@ @number@ ) was present only in the kpt.
orexins play a role in many biological functions include sleep , feeding , and energy balance.
they also regulate circadian rhythms and the way that we feel pain.
orexins have also been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
the expression of orexin is induced by hypoglycemia , low food , pregnancy , and hemodialysis.
in conclusion , orexins are widely distributed and involved in a large variety of biological activities.
here @number@ younger adults and @number@ older adults performed four tasks that measured strategic and binding aspects of memory.
with latent class analysis , two classes of older adults were identified.
the first class showed higher memory functioning similar to younger adults , while the second class was characterised by lower memory functioning.
a subsequent analysis examined whether the high- and low-performing older adults differ in patterns of gain from receiving instruction and practice on a mnemonic strategy.
in contrast , low-performing older adults benefited more from directed instruction of the strategy.
methods : a literature review was performed along with the analysis of cross-references.
characteristic properties are proposed and requirements are derived from the available body of literature.
results : @number@ papers were identified and analyzed , of which @number@ describe implementations of decision components.
most authors mention server-based decision support components , but only few papers provide details about the system architecture or the knowledge base.
a list of requirements derived from the analysis is presented.
furthermore , there is a need for outcome studies allowing for identifying successful implementation concepts.
the development of fractional photothermolysis is a milestone in the history of laser technology and cutaneous resurfacing.
the future remains bright for fractionated laser devices and with new devices and wavelengths , the applications of this technology continue to grow.
the concept of augmentation has moved from simple lines , scars , and wrinkles to revolumizing the aging face.
a brief overview of the past , present , and future injectable fillers is presented.
objective : few studies have examined health anxiety in older adults , and it is unknown which factors account for age-related differences in health anxiety.
results : young adults reported higher levels of health anxiety than older adults.
anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty partially mediated the relation between age and health anxiety.
perceived anxiety control , reappraisal , and suppression did not mediate the relation between age and health anxiety.
conclusions : anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty are predisposing characteristics that appear to partially explain age-related differences in health anxiety.
these constructs may be necessary targets for assessment and interventions among older and young adults.
objectives : to evaluate the relationship of cognitive function with glucose tolerance status and obesity in chinese middle-aged or aged adults.
methods : a sample of @number@ subjects aged @number@ years or order was investigated from four communities in shijingshan district , beijing , china.
people with any emotional disorder , substance abuse , known diabetes or stroke were excluded.
global cognitive function was measured by the mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) .
hemoglobin a1c ( a1c ) was measured from a finger-stick blood sample to assess blood glucose control.
executive function , depressive symptoms , and symptoms of gad were assessed using established measures and scoring procedures.
separate multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association of executive function , depressive symptoms , and symptoms of gad with a1c.
symptoms of depression and gad were not associated with a1c levels.
conclusions : low executive function is potentially a barrier to self-care , the cornerstone of managing blood glucose levels.
training aids that compensate for cognitive impairments may be essential for achieving effective glucose control.
in everyday prospective remembering , individuals must often delay the execution of a retrieved intention until they are in the appropriate setting.
these so-called ' delay-execute ' tasks are particularly troublesome for older adults , who consistently demonstrate impaired performance in this kind of laboratory task.
to better understand this effect , we investigated delay-execute prospective memory performance in younger and older adults.
the results suggest that younger and older individuals perform the task similarly by rehearsing or reformulating the intention.
despite performing the task in a similar manner , older adults showed greater impairments in delay-execute prospective remembering.
background : comparatively few studies address the problems related to multimorbidity.
this is surprising , since multimorbidity is a particular challenge for both general practitioners and patients.
this study focuses on the latter , analyzing the way patients aged 65-85 cope with multimorbidity.
methods : @number@ narrative in-depth interviews with multimorbid patients were conducted.
the data was analysed using grounded theory.
of the @number@ interviewed patients @number@ were female and @number@ male.
mean age was @number@ years.
participating patients showed a relatively homogeneous socio-economic status.
patients were recruited from the german city of hamburg and the state of north rhine-westphalia.
at the emotional level , interviewees oscillated between anxiety and strength - having , however , a positive approach to life.
at the practical level , patients aimed at keeping their diseases under control.
the patients tended to be critical in regards to medication.
in future , treatment of these patients might take their potential for pro-active cooperation more strongly into account than it is currently the case.
to control the sensory-motor system , internal models mimic the transformations between motor commands and sensory signals.
the present study proposed to assess the effects of physiological adult ageing on the proprioceptive control of movement and the related internal models.
error , temporal and kinematic variables were used to assess the matching performance.
behavioural expressions of these alterations were dependent upon the considered condition of speed.
this strategy enabled them to reach a level of end-point performance comparable to the young adults ' performance.
this study also suggested that motor control was affected by the frailty syndrome , i.e. a decreased resistance to stressors , which characterises older adults.
as a result , clusters of areas characterised by extreme indexes of longevity could be identified and the temporal evolution of the phenomenon depicted.
a persistence of areas of lower and higher occurrences of long-lived subjects was observed across time.
further , a longitudinal perspective was added by carrying out a spatial analysis including the territorial patterns of past mortality.
we evaluated the effects of the structure of mortality on the cohort of long-lived subjects in the second period.
the major causes of death were considered in order to deepen the analysis of the observed geographical differences.
the circulatory diseases seem to mostly affect the presence of long-lived individuals and a prominent effect of altitude and population density also emerges.
methods : this study evaluated crp variability among adults in the southeastern region of the ecuadorian amazon where rates of infectious diseases remain high.
blood samples were collected from @number@ adults at four weekly sampling intervals and were quantified using a high-sensitivity immunoassay.
results : median crp concentration was @number@ mg / l.
the application of current guidelines for the assessment of chronic inflammation failed to detect a single case of \ "high risk \ " crp.
conclusions : this study is the first to investigate crp variability in a nonindustrialized , high infectious disease environment.
it documents a pattern of variation over time that is distinct from prior research , with no evidence for chronic low-grade inflammation.
this systematic review aims to establish which cognitive domains are associated with falls or falls risk.
recent evidence suggests that impaired cognition increases seniors ' risk of falling.
the purpose of this review was to identify the cognitive domains that are significantly associated with falls or falls risk in older adults.
with an expert in the field , we developed a quality assessment questionnaire to rate the quality of the studies included in this systematic review.
twenty-five studies were included in the review.
we categorized studies based on two related but distinct cognitive domains : ( @number@ ) executive functions or ( @number@ ) dual-task ability.
twelve studies reported a significant association between executive functions and falls risk.
thirteen studies reported that dual-task performance is a predictor of falls or falls risk in older adults.
three studies did not report an association between cognition and falls risk.
consistent evidence demonstrated that executive functions and dual-task performance were highly associated with falls or falls risk.
methods : forty-three chemotherapy-refractory japanese patients with mcrc were treated with cetuximab monotherapy or cetuximab plus irinotecan.
kras , braf , and pik3ca mutational status of tumors was assessed.
the association between mutational status and treatment outcome was evaluated.
conclusion : our data indicated that kras status is predictive of cetuximab response in the japanese population.
background : indication bias is the major challenge in assessing treatment effectiveness in observational studies.
we explored the potential advantages of using an instrumental variable approach in the context of primary androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) for prostate cancer.
two instrumental variables , based on region and urologist prescribing preference , were constructed and analyzed using exogenous probit models.
prespecified subgroup analyses in patients with lower-risk and higher-risk prostate tumors were also carried out.
a randomized controlled trial over a 12-month period was carried out in @number@
interventions comprised intramuscular injection of either placebo or @number@ mg testosterone undecanoate , given at weeks @number@ @number@ @number@ @number@ and @number@
a total of 56 / 60 and 58 / 60 men from the active treatment and placebo group , respectively , completed the study.
after adjusting for baseline differences , significant improvement was observed in mental health composite scores , but not in physical health composite scores.
long-acting testosterone undecanoate significantly improved the mental health component of qol in men with tds.
objective : the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and assessment strategies of biological fragility syndrome in the elderly.
these terms / descriptors were combined using the logical operators available in search engines.
the initial electronic search resulted in @number@ @number@ manuscripts.
the process of analysis of the studies involved reading titles , abstracts and full texts.
after all these phases , @number@ manuscripts met the inclusion criteria of the review.
conclusions : differences in prevalence rates of prefrailty and frailty should be minimized , with stimulus for standardization for the evaluation of human frailty.
life expectancy is rising however with more people living longer there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of dementia.
most worryingly , recent data reports accelerated cognitive decline in adolescents associated with poor diet ( high fat and calorie intake ) .
it would seem wise therefore to investigate the molecular connections between lifestyle and cognitive decline in more detail.
insulin receptors are expressed in the brain and physiological roles for insulin in the cns are starting to be delineated.
indeed disrupted neuronal insulin action may underlie the link between diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
ageing in diverse species ranging from yeast to humans is associated with the gradual , lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damage.
autophagy , a conserved lysosomal , self-destructive process involved in protein and organelle degradation , plays an essential role in both cellular and whole-animal homeostasis.
indeed , loss of autophagy gene function significantly influences longevity.
moreover , genetic or pharmacological manipulations that extend lifespan in model organisms often activate autophagy.
in addition , we consider related mechanisms in other organisms and discuss their similarities and idiosyncratic features in a comparative manner.
preliminary studies have demonstrated that school-aged children ( average age 9-10years ) show mimicry responses to happy and angry facial expressions.
this study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring facial emg response to emotional facial expressions in 6-7year old children.
in the fifty years since békésy was awarded the nobel prize , cochlear physiology has blossomed.
many topics that are now current are things békésy could not have imagined.
finally , we touch on cochlear pathologies including noise damage and aging , with an emphasis on where the field might go in the future.
to capture the effects of exposure to persistent external disturbances , the notions of allostatic adaptation and allostatic load are introduced.
the model is used for developing new statistical methods for analyzing longitudinal data on aging , health , and longevity.
there is general agreement that its natural history is unfavorable , as witnessed by a considerable body of evidences.
the guidelines reflect this uncertainty , providing no clear indications , even in the gradation of severity of the fmr.
insertion of a prosthesis inside the native valve is appearing more and more a valuable option rather than a bail out procedure.
recql5 is one of the five human recq helicases , involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity.
we have analyzed the recruitment and retention dynamics of recql5 at laser-induced dna double strand breaks ( dsbs ) relative to other human recq helicases.
recql5-depleted cells accumulate persistent 53bp1 foci followed by γ-irradiation , indicating a potential role of recql5 in the processing of dsbs.
these studies illustrate the differential involvement of recq helicases in the dsb repair process.
previous studies have shown that mre11 is essential for the recruitment of recql5 to the dsb sites.
background : aging decreases bone marrow cellularity and alters the frequencies of stem cells.
aged hematopoietic stem cells can differ from their younger counterparts in functional capacity.
results : elderly patients could be mobilized with lower total collected cd34 + cells.
colony forming capacity did not differ between young and old patients.
conclusion : this results can be translated into clinic as higher numbers of ahsct candidates over age @number@
only the ohc group had a significant association between mean cortical florbetapir suvrs and age.
amyloid imaging positivity appears to begin near age @number@ years in cognitively intact apoe4 carriers and age @number@ years in apoe4 non-carriers.
the complex interaction between immune senescence and chronic illness provides an ideal landscape for translational research with the potential to greatly affect human health.
in this review , we outline the major advantages and limitations of current models and offer suggestions for how to move forward.
background : the published correlations between treadmill performance and the walking impairment questionnaire ( wiq ) score are generally fair.
methods : a 9-month prospective study was performed among patients referred for vascular-type claudication.
patients self-completed the wiq , which was corrected with a nurse , if necessary , and then completed a treadmill test.
we calculated the correlation coefficient and slope of the relationship between the wiq and maximal treadmill walking time.
the accuracy in predicting treadmill results from the wiq score was fair in group @number@ and nonsignificant in group @number@
conclusions : prediction of treadmill walking capacity from the wiq score should account for age.
the wiq should probably be used with caution in clinical routine , and constant-load treadmill testing is probably not the ideal candidate in elderly patients.
new or adapted tools are likely needed in such patients but remain to be studied.
study design : cross-sectional study with @number@ elderly healthy females with no history of voice problems.
nyquist plots provide interpretable patterns to portray the vibratory characteristics as clear , pressed , breathy , and atypical patterns.
qualitative examination revealed more anteriorly placed glottal gaps in the geriatric females.
the role of indicators of reserve are discussed , such as educational level , work complexity and cognitive activity in these processes.
this raises the need for more empirical research to help consolidate this theoretical model.
recently , another important factor associated to cv risk in ckd has been deeply investigated : vitamin d deficiency.
recent data showed that the selective vdra paricalcitol might have ameliorative cv effects.
treatment studies suggest the importance of accurate delineation of adhd and bd.
however , boundaries between the two disorders are blurred by the introduction of broader conceptualisations of bd.
longitudinal studies fail to consistently show developmental trajectories between adhd and bd.
however , comorbidity and family studies appear to show that the two disorders occur together and aggregate in families at higher than expected rates.
these results point towards a meaningful association between adhd and bd , going beyond symptomatic similarities.
a total of @number@ igan patients with different lee's pathologic grades were enrolled.
additionally , @number@ patients with renal resection were recruited as controls.
cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase ( sa-β-gal ) staining and an immunohistochemical analysis of p21 and p16 protein expression.
our results indicated that the rtecs in igan patients exhibited features of accelerated senescence , which were unrelated to mechanisms associated with normal aging.
cellular senescence was associated closely with igan disease progression , which suggested the accelerated senescence of rtecs may contribute to this progression.
objective : the objective was to examine the characteristics of veterans with schizophrenia admitted for nonpsychiatric hospitalizations.
results : seventy-four veterans were admitted @number@ times.
their mean age was @number@ years.
among these veterans , the most common reasons for nonpsychiatric admission were infection , cardiac disease or altered mental status.
thirty-three percent of consultations were for patients who required intensive care.
consultation was requested most frequently for assessing psychotropic medication , decision-making capacity or altered mental status , or for assistance with behavioral problems.
thirty-seven percent of patients were diagnosed with delirium , and @percent@ lacked decision-making capacity , mostly secondary to delirium.
twenty-seven percent of patients died during the study period.
the focus of this paper is on the types of dietary protein that people might reasonably consume to offset sarcopenic muscle loss.
recently , very unique characteristics of rikkunshito have been unveiled ; oral administration of rikkunshito potentiates orexigenic action of ghrelin through several different mechanisms.
two isoforms have been identified , but only ghs-r1a binds with acyl ghrelin and transduces its message.
the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction are complex and are specific of the tissues where ghs-r1a is expressed.
the potent induction of gh secretion and the stimulation of appetite are the most intensively studied functions of ghs-r1a.
the pleiotropic effects of the ghrelin / ghs-r system suggest their exploitation to prevent and treat a number of clinical conditions.
alzheimer's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder that severely jeopardizes the health of aging populations all over the world.
this study investigates practical experiences of staff and participants in immunotherapy rcts.
meetings were held with staff members , who were asked to describe their experiences and suggest necessary improvements.
in addition , a pilot study was conducted to investigate motivations and expectations of participants in immunotherapy rcts.
a questionnaire was sent to @number@ patients , and another similar questionnaire to their caregivers.
compared to patients , caregivers ' expectations of trial results were more realistic.
conclusions : more open debates of practical experiences from different trial centres and sponsors are essential for optimizing trial designs and improving conditions for participants.
alcohol-consumption patterns were developed based on the quantity and frequency of use in the @number@ months before the interview.
health-related quality of life was assessed with the health utilities index mark @number@ ( hui3 ) .
latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate the change in hui3 for each alcohol pattern after adjusting for covariates measured at baseline.
results : most participants showed stable alcohol-consumption patterns over @number@ years.
in a subgroup identified as consistently healthy before follow-up , longitudinal drinking patterns were associated with initial hui3 scores but not rates of change.
limitations : the generalizability and transferability of results to other settings , populations , or brands of infant formula should be made with caution.
whenever possible , a conservative approach directing bias against phf-w rather than its comparators was applied in the base case analysis.
assumptions were verified in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses , which confirmed the robustness of the model.
background : blood sugar metabolism abnormalities have been identified in hiv-infected individuals and associated with hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) .
membrane ir levels , irs-1 levels , and irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were analyzed in csf white cell pellets ( wcp ) using flow cytometry.
thus , ir dysfunction may have a role in the progression of hand and could represent a biomarker for the presence and severity of hand.
melatonin is a highly pleiotropic signaling molecule , which is released as a hormone of the pineal gland predominantly during night.
melatonin secretion decreases during aging.
melatonin dysfunction is frequently related to deviations in amplitudes , phasing , and coupling of circadian rhythms.
gene polymorphisms of melatonin receptors and circadian oscillator proteins bear risks for several of the diseases mentioned.
a common symptom of insufficient melatonin signaling is sleep disturbances.
it is necessary to distinguish between symptoms that are curable by short melatonergic actions and others that require extended actions during night.
for purposes of a replacement therapy based on longer-lasting melatonergic actions , melatonin prolonged release and synthetic agonists have been developed.
background : serum amino acids , part of a pool of free amino acids , are influenced by metabolism and disease.
few reports exist describing their function and concentrations in serum.
methods : healthy patients with normal liver and kidney function were selected based on biochemical variables.
results : some amino acids increased or decreased with age.
conclusions : we clarified basic trends of age- and gender-related amino acid concentrations in serum.
in normal healthy japanese people who ate normally and lived an independent life , there are significant age- and gender-related differences.
it induces several alzheimer pathomechanisms like oxidative stress , ca ( + + ) influx , accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and β-amyloid.
but impact of folic acid supplementation on prevention or delay of dementia is a matter of debate.
population-based studies-epidemiologic and interventional-starting in the fourth decade would provide the best information about the impact of folate on later development of ad.
mandatory folate fortification areas will be important future field studies for-like neural tube defects-hopefully declining ad incidence and disproving safety concerns.
background and purpose : to date , few studies have investigated how walking patterns on inclines change in healthy older adults.
methods : seventy-eight self-reported independent community ambulators ( mean age , @number@ years ; sd , @number@ ) participated in this study.
gsr is a measure of the degree of adaptation an individual makes to increase stability during gait derived from a ratio of cadence / velocity.
the level of significance was set at p @number@
however , mean gsr increased on inclines , @number@ ( @number@ ) steps / m , p @number@
main effects were evident for both walking surface and fall risk for all gait parameters tested.
clear changes were evident between level and incline surfaces regardless of fall risk as defined by @number@ different objective balance measures [ corrected ] .
it has been reported that mitochondrial metabolic and biophysical parameters are associated with degenerative diseases and the aging process.
to evaluate these biochemical parameters , current technology requires several hundred milligrams of isolated mitochondria for functional assays.
we envision this system to be a great candidate to substitute current mitochondrial assay systems.
forty-seven women aged 18-34 took part in the intervention : @number@ women in individual sessions , and @number@ in four focus groups.
transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
women were shocked about the likely effect of uv exposure on their skin.
the results are discussed in relation to suggestions for interventions aimed at women aged 18-34.
both normal aging and dementia are associated with altered circadian regulation of physiology and behavior.
elderly individuals and dementia patients commonly experience disrupted sleep-wake cycles , which may lead to psychomotor agitation , confusion , and wandering.
these behaviors are disruptive to both patients and caregivers.
other than antipsychotic medications , off-label medications , and restraint , few treatment options are available.
the emergence of a useful mouse model should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
muscle power at 180° / s , isometric maximal torque , and maximal contraction velocity at @percent@ 1rm were measured during unilateral leg extension.
the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) was used to differentiate between healthy and mobility limited older adults.
functional task performance was assessed using multiple chair rise and stair climb tests.
leg extensor force ( torque ) , but not maximal contraction velocity , was significantly associated with muscle power in mh.
both torque and velocity were significantly associated with muscle power in oh.
maximal velocity , but not torque , was associated with power in oml.
maximal velocity demonstrated an association with multiple chair rise time and stair climb time in oml , but not mh or oh.
it is concluded that movement velocity is an increasingly important determinant of maximal power output with advancing age.
furthermore , movement velocity is also a critical component of functional task performance with aging and may contribute to functional deficits.
initial studies of the ovaries were based on postmortem anatomic descriptions , followed by histologic and endocrine approaches.
the introduction of high-resolution ultrasonography provided a long-awaited tool to image the reproductive tissues in situ in both animals and humans.
studies of this nature in women are difficult , and often unethical to conduct.
follicular waves have now been described in every species in which this approach has been used , including humans.
both treatments resulted in suppression of activated ( phosphorylated ) forms of focal adhesion kinase ( fak ) and erk.
however , unlike egfr inhibition , depletion of α5 led to substantial suppression of akt activity.
accordingly , pharmacological inhibition of egfr and akt recapitulated detrimental effects caused by shrna-mediated depletion of α5.
moreover , depletion of α5 led to a severe drop in the amounts of active egfr.
centenarians have been reported to share particular personality traits including low neuroticism and high extraversion and conscientiousness.
these domains demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity with two established personality measures , the neo-five factor inventory and life orientation test-revised.
additionally , centenarians in both groups had lower neuroticism and higher conscientiousness than the us adult population.
telomeres are essential for the integrity of chromosomes and for cellular replication.
here , i review recent studies of telomere length dynamics with particular relevance to immune function.
a total of @number@ notch3 mutation carriers from a two-center study were investigated using detailed neuropsychological and neuroimaging protocols.
cr was operationalized as years of formal education.
brain pathology was assessed by mri using normalized brain volume and lacunar lesion volume as proxies.
multivariate analyses were done for each structural measure with scores of processing speed , executive function , and memory as dependent variables.
additional linear regression models were conducted with interaction terms for education × brain volume and education × lacunar lesion volume.
this interaction was found for processing speed , the cognitive domain most impaired in our patients.
the results extend the concept of cr to vci.
purpose : the african-american-white mortality gap for males in the united states is @number@ years in favor of whites.
participation in professional sport may moderate this ethnic disparity.
the objectives of this study are to assess mortality and calculate survival for the overall study population and within ethnicity.
methods : data were combined from several publicly available sources.
the cohort was analyzed to compare longevity among all players , and for players stratified by ethnicity , with the general u.s. population.
results : the final dataset included @number@ individuals , of whom @percent@ were african american.
results suggest white players live @number@ months longer than their african-american colleagues.
african-american players gained @number@ years on their respective referent and live longer than white men in the general public.
conclusions : the african-american-white mortality gap for males is largely ameliorated ( @number@ years vs. @number@ years ) in professional basketball but still persists.
objective : arterial elasticity decreases with aging.
we evaluated the role of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in this process and studied the modifying effect of gender in a population of young adults.
risk factors measurements included waist circumference , body mass index , lipids , glucose , c-reactive protein , smoking and family history of coronary disease.
in women , an increase in glucose was associated with reduced cdist ( β ± sem = @number@ ± @number@ p = @number@ ) .
conclusions : in addition to age , increased adiposity and insulin levels were strong predictors for impaired arterial elasticity.
stable and brightly luminescent amine-terminated si nanoparticles ( sinps ) have been synthesized from electrochemically etched porous silicon ( psi ) .
the surface amine termination was confirmed by ftir , nmr , and xps studies.
the dry , amine-terminated product can be obtained from bulk silicon wafers in less than @number@ h.
this represents a significant improvement over similar routines using psi where times of > 10 h are common.
they are resistant to aging over several weeks.
the amine-terminated sinps showed no significant cytotoxic effects toward hepg2 cells , as assessed with mtt assays.
social behavioral abnormalities are commonly seen in the later stages of dementia.
no group differences were identified for ratings of either socially appropriate behavior or stereotyping and prejudice.
together , these results have implications for an understanding of some of the changes in social function seen in abnormal adult aging.
lower hemoglobin ( hb ) levels are a common feature in the elderly.
the present study recruited @number@ healthy elderly men.
participants were assessed using the geriatric depression scale , the cognitive abilities screening instrument chinese version , and the wechsler digit span task test.
the mean age of the participants was @number@ years ( sd = @number@ ) .
lower hb levels , therefore , were associated with depression in the elderly men.
objective : familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( fap ) is an autosomal dominant form of hereditary amyloidosis.
several studies reported coagulation factor x deficiency and excessive fibrinolysis in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis.
however , few have investigated coagulation and fibrinolysis in fap.
the objective of this study was to determine abnormalities in plasma biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in fap.
methods : we prospectively recruited eight fap patients with transthyretin mutations and ten age-matched control patients with other neuropathies in our university.
conclusion : our results indicate abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in fap patients.
background : urinary biomarkers are used in assessment of severe , clinical oxidative stress.
little is known , however , about their diagnostic value within the normative range.
methods : five healthy adult men participated in the pilot study phase and @number@ in the definitive intervention trial.
creatinine-normalized urinary tbars and 8-ohdg concentrations were quantified in samples taken from subjects with and without active supplementation.
temporal and correlative associations between tbars and 8-ohdg were explored.
results : daily intake of supplemental iron failed to produce any increment in urinary excretion of tbars or 8-ohdg.
however , a significant within-individual correlation between the urinary biomarkers was observed ( spearman r = @number@ p < @number@ n = @number@ ) .
both doses of ctcmc significantly lowered urinary excretion of both oxidation indicators.
negatively skewed data arise occasionally in statistical practice ; perhaps the most familiar example is the distribution of human longevity.
although other generalizations of the normal distribution exist , we demonstrate a new alternative that apparently fits human longevity data better.
we propose an alternative approach of a normal distribution whose scale parameter is conditioned on attained age.
this approach is consistent with previous findings that longevity conditioned on survival to the modal age behaves like a normal distribution.
we derive such a distribution and demonstrate its accuracy in modeling human longevity data from life tables.
the new distribution is characterized by @number@
an intuitively straightforward genesis ; @number@
closed forms for the pdf , cdf , mode , quantile , and hazard functions ; and @number@
accessibility to non-statisticians , based on its close relationship to the normal distribution.
background : fiber intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk.
whether arterial stiffness is influenced by lifetime fiber intake is not known.
any such association could explain , at least in part , the cardioprotective effects attributed to fiber intake.
conclusions : lower lifetime intake of fiber during the course of young age is associated with carotid artery stiffness in adulthood.
promoting consumption of fiber-rich foods among the young may offer a means to prevent accelerated arterial stiffening in adulthood and related cardiovascular sequelae.
human walking is highly adaptable , which allows us to walk under different circumstances.
the literature on visuomotor adaptations during reaching suggests , however , that older adults have little problems in adapting their motor behavior.
nevertheless , it may be that adaptation during a more complex task like gait is compromised by aging.
findings revealed that older adults adapted less and more slowly to split-belt walking and showed fewer aftereffects than young adults.
one hundred fifty cylinder specimens were built using a nanohybrid rbc ( base cylinder ) .
the remaining @number@ specimens were not aged and did not receive surface treatment.
all specimens were aged in distilled water for @number@ hours at @number@ degrees c and a shear bond strength test was performed.
results indicated that aging and surface treatment significantly affected the shear bond strength of repaired samples ( p < @number@ ) .
all aged groups showed lower shear bond strengths than their matching nonaged group.
the type of rbc also affected the shear bond strength ( p < @number@ ) .
although numerous papers have recently been published on ablative fractional resurfacing , there is a lack of information in literature on very long-term results.
three hundred twelve patients with facial photodamaged skin were enrolled and underwent a single full-face treatment.
six aspects of photodamaged skin were recorded using a @number@ point scale at @number@ @number@ and @number@ months after the treatment.
the results were compared with a non-parametric statistical test , the wilcoxon's exact test.
three hundred one patients completed the study.
all analyzed features showed a significant statistical improvement @number@ months after the procedure.
three months later all features , except for pigmentations , once again showed a significant statistical improvement.
results after @number@ months were similar to those assessed @number@ months before.
no long-term or other serious complications were observed.
melatonin and serotonin rhythms , which exhibit a close association with the endogenous circadian component of sleep , are attenuated with increasing age.
this decrease seems to be linked to sleep alterations in the elderly.
each participant wore a wrist actimeter that logged activity during the whole experiment.
urine was collected to analyze melatonin and serotonin urinary metabolites and to measure total antioxidant capacity.
cereals enriched with tryptophan may be useful as a chrononutrition tool for alterations in the sleep / wake cycle due to age.
aging of long-lived post-mitotic cells is characterized as a progressive and irreversible reduction of functional activity.
in such cells , mitochondria are organelles critical for bioenergetic supply , whose turnover is mediated by an autophagic-lysosomal pathway.
in human teeth , odontoblasts are post-mitotic cells responsible for sensory function and dentin preservation.
selective engulfment of mitochondrial profiles into autophagic vacuoles is common in young-adult odontoblasts , suggesting a microautophagic pathway.
with age , the odontoblast layer is reduced in width , and mitochondrial elements converge around large clusters of autofluorescent lipofuscin deposits.
there were @number@ esrd events and @number@ deaths.
the risk of esrd was higher than the risk of death without esrd for ages < 60 years , and independent of egfr.
proteinuria significantly increased the risk of esrd with advancing age.
surprisingly , the unfavorable effects of cardiovascular disease on esrd and of diabetes on survival significantly decreased with increasing age.
thus , in older patients on nephrology care , the risk of esrd prevailed overmortality even when egfr was not severely impaired.
proteinuria increases esrd risk , while the predictive role of other modifiable risk factors was unchanged compared with younger patients.
bladder cancer of the urothelium is the second most common malignancy among urological tumors.
in view of a worldwide aging population and the fact that increased incidence rates are associated with higher age , new socioeconomic challenges will appear.
even nowadays the treatment of bladder cancer bears the highest lifetime treatment costs per patient among all forms of cancer.
in conjunction with higher comorbidity rates among older patients urologists are facing new challenges in the treatment and care of patients with bladder cancer.
the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ( nmibc ) is monopolar transurethral resection using resection loops ( turb ) .
goals of new treatment modalities are reduction of perioperative and postoperative comorbidities , better pathological work-up of the specimens and increased recurrence-free survival.
postulated advantages using laser devices are a more precise cutting line as well as better hemostasis.
the evidential value of this review is limited due to the lack of randomized , prospective studies.
more studies with long-term follow-up periods and better randomization are needed to clarify whether en bloc strategies provide better long-term oncological survival.
humans share implicit preferences for cross-modal mappings ( e.g. , low pitch sounds are preferentially paired with darker colours ) .
individuals with synaesthesia experience cross-modal mappings to a conscious degree ( e.g. , they may see colours when they hear sounds ) .
although there is evidence for decreasing cross-modality throughout early infancy , it is unclear whether this decline continues to take place throughout childhood and adolescence.
this large-scale study had two goals.
first , we aimed to establish whether human non-synaesthetes systematically map tactile and visual dimensions - a combination that has rarely been studied.
second , we asked whether tactile-visual associations may be more pronounced in younger compared to older participants.
@number@ participants between the ages of 5-74 years assigned colours to tactile stimuli.
smoothness , softness and roundness of stimuli positively correlated with luminance of the chosen colour ; and smoothness and softness also positively correlated with chroma.
moreover , tactile sensations were associated with specific colours ( e.g. , softness with pink ) .
there were no age differences for luminance effects.
chroma effects , however , were found exclusively in children and adolescents.
moreover , the findings suggest that a decline of some forms of cross-modality may take place over a much longer time span than previously assumed.
homonymous visual field disorders ( hvfd ) are frequent and disabling consequences of acquired brain injury , particularly in older age.
their rehabilitation is therefore of great importance.
compensatory oculomotor therapy has been found to be effective in improving the associated functional impairments in reading and visual exploration.
but older age is commonly considered to adversely affect practice-dependent functional plasticity and , thus , functional and rehabilitation outcome after acquired brain injury.
the effect of age in the compensatory treatment of hvfd , however , has never been investigated hitherto.
it remains unknown whether age determines not only patients ' functional impairments but also the rehabilitation outcome and the required amount of treatment.
age does not seem to be a critical factor determining the functional and rehabilitation outcome in the compensatory treatment of hvfd.
older age per se is not necessarily associated with a decline in practice-dependent functional plasticity and adaptation.
each factor is examined as a function of increasing age along with its potential impact on percutaneous penetration.
this overview discusses the current data and highlights the importance of further studies to evaluate the impact of skin factors in age-related percutaneous penetration.
today's interconnected world has produced a distinct need for physician specialists in public health and preventive medicine.
rm impairments in amci likely reflect neural changes in the medial temporal lobe ( mtl ) and posterior parietal cortex ( ppc ) .
( jins , @number@ @number@ 1-12 ) .
background : depression is a common and treatable illness in late-life.
however , many do not seek treatment and may suffer from the stigma of the illness , which may vary across cultures.
the aim of this study was to compare attitudes about depression in primary care practices in south korea , russia , and the usa.
results : the mean age of participants was @number@ years , with @percent@ being female.
us patients were older and had higher education levels.
russian participants were more likely to be widowed and had lower self-rated health.
the majority of participants agreed that depression is a kind of disease ( korea @percent@ , russia @percent@ , usa @percent@ ) .
only @percent@ of us patients believed depression means a person is weak , compared to @percent@ ( korea ) and @percent@ ( russia ) .
fewer us patients endorsed depression as a normal part of aging ( @percent@ vs. korea at @percent@ and russia at @percent@ ) .
among participants in the usa , age correlated negatively with endorsement of a medical model of depression ( p = < 0.001 ) .
korean and russian participants endorsed the view of depression as a personal weakness more than participants in the usa.
demographic correlates of negative attitudes about depression were moderate to weak.
aim : pulse wave velocity does not correlate to age in the upper limb but in the aorta and lower limb.
we studied the link between ageing and pulse wave transit time ( pwtt ) indexes at the toe and finger.
it measures transit time between r-ecg and finger or toe pulse signal ( ttf or ttt respectively ) .
cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the traditional incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( icer ) and the net benefit regression framework ( nbrf ) .
using the nbrf , decision making was formalized by incorporating values of willingness to pay ( wtp ) a priori.
the results failed to provide evidence that a multifactorial falls prevention program was cost-effective.
participant adherence to recommendations ranged from low ( @percent@ ) , to moderate ( @percent@ ) , to high ( @percent@ ) .
future economic evaluations of falls prevention interventions remain necessary and should consider the nbrf so that regression tools can facilitate cost-effectiveness analysis.
falls represent @number@ per cent of hospital accidents , and consequences range from none to serious injuries.
we used data from risk management and case costing databases to identify cost associated with a serious injury after an in-hospital fall.
thirty-seven injured patients were matched with @number@ controls by the most responsible medical diagnosis , age , and gender.
cost and los were compared using t-tests and multivariate regression.
hospital managers have a leading role in creating system-wide falls prevention programs and reducing hospital costs.
background : occurrence and progression of age-related irreversible degradations of skeletal joints , osteoarthritis ( oa ) , has a stochastic nature.
however , it is commonly described using polynomial models , which may not necessarily be optimal.
subjects and methods : the model was formulated as a discrete markov process.
results : the model performance was examined in monte-carlo simulations.
conclusion : the stochastic model provides more accurate description of the empiric data compared with the corresponding polynomial model.
the model-based individual's estimates could be used as an important tool to fit age-related patterns of the corresponding diseases and conditions.
a similar process is induced in adult skeletal muscle by functional overload and exercise.
in contrast , satellite cells and myonuclei may undergo apoptosis during muscle atrophy , although it is debated whether myonuclear loss occurs in atrophying muscle.
the relative role of protein turnover and cell turnover in muscle adaptation and in the establishment of functional muscle hypertrophy remains to be established.
the project aims to investigate the association between csvd and susceptibility loci and candidate genes.
@number@ snps in @number@ genes ( mylk , aqp4 , ninj2 , and ink4 / arf ) were genotyped using multiplex snapshot assay.
permutation correction was used to adjust for multiple testing.
the significant snp loci were further analyzed in comparing s with l and h , respectively.
subgroup analysis was also performed for each risk-factor category.
results : among the @number@ snps , rs2222823 and rs2811712 were found to be significantly associated with csvd after multiple-testing adjustment.
method : this interpretive , qualitative study involved key informant interviews with @number@ women with self-identified hiv-associated neurocognitive challenges.
data were collected through 60-90 min , in-depth , semi-structured interviews.
thematic analysis was performed using an inductive approach.
theoretical analysis then used the icf to reconceptualize the data using a disability lens.
participants held contrasting views about parenting : women with children drew strength from parenting whereas women without children worried that parenting could compromise their health.
participation in work and volunteering roles was viewed as integral to managing neurocognitive challenges and health overall.
conclusions : conceptualizing neurocognitive challenges through a disability lens focuses attention on how impairments interact with other realities in these women's lives.
the accumulation of epigenetic changes was proposed to contribute to the age-related increase in the risk of most common diseases.
still , old mz pairs with strikingly similar dna methylation were also observed at these loci.
after 10-year follow-up in elderly twins , the variation in dna methylation showed a similar pattern of change as observed cross-sectionally.
in conclusion , sustained epigenetic differences arise from early adulthood to old age and contribute to an increasing discordance of mz twins during aging.
thus , the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lifetime exposure to shiftwork on health impairments and fitness for duty.
two samples of the police force from one of the states of the federal republic of germany were used.
thus , the number of years of shiftwork until the diagnosis of the first reduction in fitness for duty could be calculated.
hazard estimates were compared across both samples to cross-validate the results.
the hazard rates followed an exponential trend , indicating a rapid increase in health impairments in particular beyond @number@ yrs of shiftwork.
these findings were consistent in both samples , collected with different methods and over different time periods , thus indicating high validity.
data on a total of @number@ older adults from a national survey on non-institutionalized and from a study on institutionalized older people were analyzed.
analysis of variance and kruskal-wallis tests to examine differences between groups and multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated to health and well-being were performed.
significant differences in health status variables , but not in well-being were detected between groups.
controlling for age , differences in health status ( eq-vas ) were found to be not significant in both groups.
in the non-institutionalized group , people aged @number@ years or more reported a significantly lower well-being ( pwi ) than younger counterparts.
the results suggest that age influences community-dwelling older adults ' well-being to a greater extent than it does to institutionalized older people.
this finding has implications for resource allocation and interventions addressed to improve health and well-being in older adults.
this pilot study aimed to test the effectiveness of a structured telephonic counselling ( stc ) on exclusive breastfeeding ( eb ) on healthy babies.
the study was carried out on @number@ primiparous women from february to @date@ .
after randomization , women were divided into two groups : @number@ receiving stc and @number@ receiving conventional counselling.
breastfeeding promotion should start during pregnancy , advising women about benefits for the child in receiving human milk.
stc should be used to improve eb in primiparous women.
background : few dosing data on onabotulinumtoxina to treat hyperdynamic perioral lines ( pols ) are available.
studying onabotulinumtoxina in controlled settings is beneficial to treating a hyperfunctional orbicularis oris.
objective : to compare the dose-response relationship of two doses of onabotulinumtoxina in hyperdynamic pols.
pol severity and total lip satisfaction ( tls ) were assessed at all visits.
results : investigator-assessed pol severity was reduced through week @number@ for @number@ u ( p < @number@ ) .
pol reduction for @number@ u persisted until week @number@ ( p < @number@ ) .
responder rates did not differ until week @number@ ( @number@ u , @percent@ ; @number@ u , @percent@ ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : onabotulinumtoxina provides significant reductions in pol severity and high levels of subject satisfaction.
lack of dose response and fewer aes suggest that treatment of hyperdynamic pols with @number@ u appears adequate for up to @number@ weeks.
thermal gravimetric analysis was performed on the ceramic primer.
the data obtained were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and the tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) .
all specimens of the aging groups debonded during thermocycling and were considered to present zero bond strength for the statistical analyses.
background : congenital human cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ) infection can result in lifelong neurological deficits.
seronegative pregnant woman often acquire primary hcmv from clinically asymptomatic , but hcmv-shedding children.
rhcmv shedding was measured by real time pcr in plasma , saliva and urine.
immune parameters , including neutralizing and binding antibodies and rhcmv-specific t cell responses , were assessed in longitudinally collected blood samples.
larger studies are needed to define immune parameters associated with better control of rhcmv in adult compared to young animals.
recent advances in biomarker studies on dementia are summarized here.
in these new criteria , progress in biomarker identification and amyloid imaging studies in the past @number@ years have added critical information.
huge contributions of basic and clinical studies have established clinical evidence supporting these markers.
based on this progress , essential therapy for cure of ad is urgently expected.
many nursing home transition barriers are manmade and avoidable.
ppaca is encouraging improvement and reduced unnecessary hospitalizations through incentives and penalties.
providers are responding through a variety of internal and collaborative models.
the resulting communication , technology , education , and emphasis can improve the quality of life for the people served.
this approach was inspired by the self-governance and community engagement model , with the knowledge , experience , and participation of community stakeholders.
this field of nutrigenomic research is literally exploding.
this review highlights the major principles of epigenetic control mechanisms and their link to particular nutritional influences.
however , to date most of the knowledge comes from experimental and animal data , which cannot be easily transferred to human situations.
population ageing affects the entire world population.
also at world level one can observe a sharp increase in the proportion of older people.
omega-3 fatty acids are now generally recognized as potential key nutrients to prevent the pathological conditions associated to the aging process.
the preliminary broad search of the literature on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on normal aging yielded @number@ citations.
forty two full text papers were checked for inclusion and thirty six studies were finally included in this review.
meanwhile , pharmacologic interventions and hormonal perturbations have increased the life span of several mammalian species without necessarily addressing features of age-related metabolic decline.
these interventions include inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin and lifetime deficiency in gh / igf-1 signaling.
however , strategies to treat aging in humans , such as hormone replacement , have mostly failed to achieve their desired response.
methods : comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed at a school visit.
rnfl thicknesses were measured with rtvue-100 oct.
refractive errors were measured by cycloplegic autorefraction.
results : four hundred seventy healthy schoolchildren aged @number@ and @number@ were enrolled.
the average rnfl thickness ( mean ± sd ) was @number@ ± @number@ μm.
for every diopter change towards hyperopia , the average rnfl thickness increased by @number@ μm.
conclusions : our study provides reference values of pediatric rnfl thickness measured with sd-oct.
se refraction is the only significant predictor of rnfl thickness.
rodent models of huntington disease ( hd ) are valuable tools for investigating hd pathophysiology and evaluating new therapeutic approaches.
non-invasive characterization of hd-related phenotype changes is important for monitoring progression of pathological processes and possible effects of interventions.
these changes are largely compatible with dti findings in preclinical and clinical hd patients.
age-related hearing loss , or presbyacusis , is a major public health problem that causes communication difficulties and is associated with diminished quality of life.
significant region of interest and voxel-wise gray matter volume associations were observed for the high frequency hearing construct.
falls represent a significant health risk in the elderly and often result in injuries that require medical attention.
reduced ability to control motion of the whole-body center of mass ( com ) has been shown to identify elderly people at risk of falling.
to explore effective preventive strategies and interventions , we studied adult age-related differences in multijoint coordination to control the com during balance recovery.
the good variability does not affect the com position , while the bad variability does.
the older adults had similar amounts of joint movement as the young adults during balance recovery except for the thoracic-lumbar joint.
we conclude that normal aging adults lose the compensatory strategy of flexibly controlling multiple joints when stabilizing the com after receiving a balance perturbation.
we hypothesized that structural remodeling associated with advancing age occurs in human saphenous veins.
saphenous veins were collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
area measurements and cellularity were quantified using the image analysis software stereo investigator , employing planimetry and counting frames , respectively.
intimal area and cellularity showed no statistically significant increases with age ; in contrast , total collagen content showed a significant decrease with advancing age.
furthermore , collagen fiber types also demonstrated a statistically significant alteration with age ; increases in age resulted in decreases in larger collagen fibers.
no significant changes in small collagen fibers were identified.
nucleolin is a multifunctional protein localized primarily in the nucleolus , but also found in the nucleoplasm , cytoplasm and cell membrane.
nucleolin's implication in disease is linked to its ability to associate with target rnas via its four rna-binding domains and its arginine / glycin-rich domain.
through its diverse rna functions , nucleolin is increasingly implicated in pathological processes , particularly cancer and viral infection.
here , we review the rna-binding activities of nucleolin , its influence on gene expression patterns , and its impact upon diseases.
we also discuss the rising interest in targeting nucleolin therapeutically.
fast type ii fibers predominated and no pure type iib or iib ' containing fibers were detected.
hybrid fibers containing iib / iib ' mhc decreased in the old vervets.
the decrease of fast mhc and atrophy of muscle fiber with aging recapitulate observations in human vl muscle.
stroke remains one of the most significant u.s. health problems ( @number@ ) .
although the stroke hospitalization rate has declined , in @number@ there were still almost @number@ million hospitalizations for stroke.
many stroke patients , upon discharge , went to another short-stay hospital or a long-term care institution.
efforts like this are especially important because the baby boomer population is aging into the years when strokes are more common.
aging is unmistakable and undeniable in mammals.
one interesting idea is that species-specific rate of aging represents a ratio of tissue attrition to tissue regeneration.
functional approaches to working memory ( wm ) have been proposed recently to better investigate \ "maintenance \ " and \ "processing \ " mechanisms.
in this study , young and elderly participants were compared on wm tasks in which the difference in processing speed was controlled by cl manipulations.
two main results were found.
first , when time constraints ( cl ) were matched for the two groups , no aging effect was observed.
second , whereas a large variation in cl affected wm performance , a small cl manipulation had no effect on the elderly.
this suggests that wm forgetting cannot be completely accounted for by the cl hypothesis.
rather , it highlights the need to explore restoration times in particular , and the nature of the refreshment mechanisms within maintenance.
rcfs in the united states totaled @number@ in @number@ with @number@ state-licensed , certified , or registered residential care beds.
about one-half of rcfs were small facilities which served one-tenth of all rcf residents.
small rcfs were more likely to be for profit than larger rcfs.
the proportion of chain-affiliated rcfs grew with increasing facility size.
rcfs were most commonly located in the west.
the mix of facility sizes varied by region.
rcfs serve primarily a private-pay adult population ( @number@ ) .
however , the use of medicaid financing for services in residential care settings has gradually increased in recent years ( @number@ ) .
about @number@ out of @number@ rcfs had at least one resident who had some or all of their ltc services paid by medicaid.
the percentage of facilities having residents who received ltc services paid by medicaid varied by facility size.
larger rcfs were also more likely than small rcfs to provide social services counseling and case management.
the provision of skilled nursing services did not vary by facility size.
this report presents national estimates of rcfs using data from the first-ever national probability sample survey of rcfs with four or more beds.
moreover , these findings establish baseline national estimates as researchers continue to track growth and changes in the residential care industry.
objective : to examine age-related differences in the relationship between personality and coping strategies in an australian population of psychiatric inpatients.
results : older adults reported less symptomatology than younger patients and younger patients described more personality dysfunction than older patients.
as assessed by the cope , older adults reported lower levels of dysfunctional coping strategies than younger adults.
conclusion : this study found that influences on coping were multifactorial and moderated by age.
these factors have implications for interventions designed to enhance coping strategies.
design : retrospective cohort study.
method : the prevalence and incidence of various kidney replacement therapies in the netherlands from @number@ to @number@ were analysed.
results : the absolute number of patients starting pd between @number@ and @number@ was stable at about @number@ per year.
there was a relative decline in the use of pd in the total dialysis population from @percent@ in @number@ to @percent@ in @number@
within the younger group ( 0-65 years ) there was an increase in numbers on hd and in the number of pre-emptive transplantations.
the increasing prevalence of hd has been made possible by growth of the hd capacity.
objective : the ability to perceive facial emotion varies with age.
because different emotions are conveyed by different parts of the face , changes in visual scanning patterns may account for age-related variability.
we investigated the relation between scanning patterns and recognition of facial emotions.
for oa , executive function was correlated with recognition of sad expressions and with scanning patterns for fearful , sad , and surprised expressions.
conclusion : we report significant age-related differences in visual scanning that are specific to faces.
the observed relation between scanning patterns and executive function supports the hypothesis that frontal-lobe changes with age may underlie some changes in emotion recognition.
mps are produced during shedding process in response to some stressing and stimulating factors , as well as during apoptosis.
the cellular machinery leading to mp shedding involves the loss of the plasma membrane asymmetry and phosphatidylserine externalization with an increase in cytosolic calcium concentrations.
mps not only transfer membrane proteins from the cells of their origin but also convey phospholipids and microrna to the distant cells.
areas covered : the authors summarise recent knowledge about mp biology and pathophysiology.
muscle strength was examined with a hand-held dynamometer in er and ir.
males were generally stronger than females in all strength measurements except for ir on the dominant side ( p < @number@ ) .
in females , ir dominant side strength was greater compared with ir on the nondominant side ( p < @number@ ) .
trom was reduced on the dominant side compared with the nondominant side in young elite badminton players , irrespective of gender.
the nurse population is growing old in most occidental countries.
facing the physical and psychological loud of their job , many nurses aspire to get retired before the legal age.
such a process is likely to increase the present nursing shortage and so to endanger the care access for a part of the population.
different concepts such the work ability or the age management have been developed to allow a better response the professionals ' needs.
these approaches require nevertheless a real political and organizational willingness.
in addition , a non-demented ( nd ) group ( average age @number@ years ) with no amyloid plaques was included for comparison.
while gray matter thickness and overall brain mass were reduced in ad compared to nd control groups , overall capillary density was not different.
however , degenerated string capillaries were elevated in ad , potentially suggesting greater microvascular \ "dysfunction \ " compared to nd groups.
intriguingly , apolipoprotein ε4 carriers had significantly higher string vessel counts relative to non-ε4 carriers.
taken together , these data suggest a concomitant loss of functional capillaries and brain volume in ad subjects.
the data highlight the importance of the brain microcirculation in the pathogenesis and evolution of ad.
two experiments tested the effect of temporal interference on order memory for fixed and random sequences in young adults and nondemented older adults.
the results demonstrate that temporal order memory for fixed and random sequences is impaired in nondemented older adults , particularly when temporal interference is high.
however , temporal order memory for fixed sequences is comparable between older adults and young adults when temporal interference is minimized.
bone has emerged as a novel endocrine organ for its ability to produce hormones and involvement in several regulatory feedback loops.
islets and fat are important organs involved in energy metabolism.
second , ocn undergoes physiological fluctuations during a lifetime.
in children and adolescents , during the development of osteoporosis or after bone fracture , ocn level increases significantly.
the elevated ocn at these stages represents enhanced bone turnover and metabolic activity , which require more energy supply.
therefore , the metabolic activity of bone and the energy-related organs like fat and islets are closely linked by circulating ocn.
through systemic release of ocn , bone delivers its energy-demanding information to other organs to satisfy its energy requirement.
the as-prepared composite did not induce any cytotoxic response in vitro or in vivo.
the as-prepared composite was also found to exhibit acceptable electrochemical performance , which was retained upon @number@ weeks storage in argon atmosphere.
it was shown that aging of the composite had a negative effect on biocompatibility , regardless of the storage condition.
thus , to allow for longtime storage of electroactive nanocellulose-ppy hemodialysis membranes , the degradation of ppy upon storage must be controlled.
aortic ai corrected for heart rate and blood pressures were generated from pressure wave analysis ( sphygmocor ) .
lipid profile was determined in tp and bf participants.
tps were shorter ( p = 0.02 ) with lower body weight ( p < 0.01 ) in comparison with contemporary pygmies and bfs.
tps had lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than bfs ( p < 0.01 ) .
pwv adjusted for weight did not differ between groups ( p = 0.10 ) .
aortic ai corrected for heart rate did not differ in the @number@ groups.
berberine is an alkaloid that is highly concentrated in the roots , rhizomes , and stem bark of various plants.
berberine also increases glucose transporter-4 ( glut-4 ) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) levels.
increased intracellular potassium causes depolarization , and calcium influx through the voltage-dependent calcium channels occurs.
this intracellular calcium increase stimulates the migration and exocytosis of the insulin granules.
moreover , recent studies suggest that berberine could have a direct action on carbohydrate metabolism in the intestine.
the antidiabetic and insulin-sensitizing effect of berberine has also been confirmed in a few relatively small , short-term clinical trials.
the tolerability is high for low dosages , with some gastrointestinal complaints appearing to be associated with use of high dosages.
the meeting organized by lvmh recherche was centered on the theme of skin rejuvenation.
minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( mhe ) is a metabolic brain disorder occurring in patients with liver cirrhosis.
mhe lessens a patient's quality of life , but is treatable when identified.
the continuous reaction times ( crt ) method is used in screening for mhe.
gender and age effects on the crt method are unknown and may confound the results.
the aim of this study was to standardise the crt method outcomes for age and gender effects.
we studied @number@ volunteers without known disease and @number@ patients with cirrhosis by a crt test.
in volunteers , men reacted faster than women and their reaction times slowed with age.
however , neither the gender nor the age effect was present regarding the crt index.
the patients with cirrhosis reacted slower and with a higher degree of instability than volunteers.
male patients reacted faster than female patients , and reaction times tended to slow with age.
as among the volunteers , there was no gender or age effect on crt index for the patients with cirrhosis.
age and gender influenced reaction times of both volunteers and patients with cirrhosis.
the crt index , however , was independent of age and gender in both groups.
screening of patients with cirrhosis using the crt index , therefore , identifies brain dysfunction rather than effects of gender and age.
study design : retrospective study comparing scoliscore and clinical risk estimates.
objective : the purpose of this study was to compare risk stratification between scoliscore and traditional clinical estimates to determine whether scoliscore provides unique information.
methods : ninety-one patients who received scoliscore testing at our center and met study inclusion criteria were identified.
patients were given a \ "clinical risk \ " level using their risser sign and cobb angle.
assigned clinical risk levels were compared with the scoliscore risk levels reported by the manufacturer's scoring algorithm.
results : scoliscore risk distribution in our population was @percent@ low risk , @percent@ intermediate risk , and @percent@ high risk.
this compares with @percent@ , @percent@ , and @percent@ , respectively , for comparable clinical risk groupings.
only @percent@ of patients were in the same risk category for both systems.
there were no significant correlations between scoliscore and age , race , menarcheal status , risser sign , or sex.
there was a positive correlation between the cobb angle and the scoliscore ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : only cobb angle showed significant correlation with scoliscore among the socioclinical variables studied.
many survivors of severe disasters , even those without posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) , need psychological support.
the neurological underpinnings of ptsd have been well characterized , but the causal relationships with the traumatic event are still unclear.
as the acc is involved in processing of fear and anxiety , our results indicate that these processing are related to vulnerability for ptsd symptoms.
in addition , decreased ofc volume was induced by failing to extinct conditioned fear soon after the traumatic event.
raiu was @time@ ± @number@ for @number@ to 29-year-olds and @number@ ± @number@ for @number@ to @number@ year-olds ( p = @number@ ) .
tsh trends positively and raiu at @number@ hours correlates negatively with aging of the pituitary axis.
conventionally , sarcopenia is defined by muscle mass and physical performance.
we therefore examined whether this ratio could predict physical limitation by secondary analysis of the data in our previous study.
we recruited @number@ community-dwelling adults aged > 65 years and their body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
assessment of physical limitation was undertaken @number@ years later.
the relationship between baseline adiposity to muscle ratio and incident physical limitation was examined by logistic regression.
objective : to investigate the role of wmhs as a predictor of decline in physical function in cognitively intact older people.
subsequent univariate analyses indicated that wmhs in the deep fronto-parietal and periventricular parieto-occipital regions had the strongest associations with physical decline.
objective and hypothesis : to investigate whether old age frailty is predicted by midlife overweight / obesity and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk.
design : longitudinal observational study ( the helsinki businessmen study ) .
risks are presented as odds ratios ( or ) with @percent@ confidence intervals ( ci ) .
conclusion : overweight / obesity and higher cad risk in midlife were associated with frailty @number@ years later.
preventing old age frailty should be recognized as an important goal of obesity and cvd risk control.
development and validation of a functional fitness test for community residing older adults.
journal of aging and physical activity , @number@ 127-159 ; rikli , r. e. , & jones , c. j. ( 1999a ) .
senior fitness test manual.
champaign , il : human kinetics. ) .
methods : a criterion measure to assess physical independence was identified.
validity and reliability analyses were conducted to test the standards for their accuracy and consistency as predictors of physical independence.
reliability and validity indicators for the standards ranged between @number@ and @number@
implications : the proposed standards provide easy-to-use , previously unavailable methods for evaluating physical capacity in older adults relative to that associated with physical independence.
sphingolipids are components of all eukaryotic cells that play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes.
ceramides favor anti-proliferative and cell death pathways such as senescence and apoptosis , whereas s1p stimulates cell proliferation and survival pathways.
the control of cell fate by these two interconvertible lipids has been called the sphingolipid rheostat or sphingolipid biostat.
sphingosine kinase , the enzyme that synthesizes s1p , is a crucial enzyme in regulation of the balance of these sphingolipids.
this review summarizes the roles of sphingosine kinase signaling in these processes and the mechanisms mediating these responses.
in addition , we discuss the evidence tying sphingosine kinase-mediated stress responses to the process of aging.
background : few data have been acquired on the predictive value of age-related t-lymphocyte subsets among older individuals.
the present study has determined the distribution of t-cell phenotypes and their correlation to 2-year mortality in a cohort of chinese male seniors.
methods : a total of @number@ asymptomatic elderly individuals with laboratory homeostasis were enrolled at baseline.
t-cell subsets in peripheral blood were measured by multi-colored flow cytometry.
results : at baseline , there was a mild negative correlation by age for total lymphocytes and cd3 ( + ) t-cells.
the frequency of cd28 and cd95 demonstrated a \ "curved \ " rather than linear tendency by age.
immune risk phenotypes were distinctly demonstrated between survivors and non-survivors.
this study aimed to define age- and comorbidity-related normative values in adl.
methods : in cross-sectional sampling , @number@ @number@ german-speaking swiss individuals were contacted.
valid questionnaires from @number@ @number@ ( @percent@ ) eligible individuals ≥ @number@ years of age were included in the study.
age-related adl reference values were calculated using questionnaire data.
results : the sample was representative of the german-speaking swiss population as determined by @number@ census data.
age- and pain-related adl reference values were plotted and confirmed that disability increased with increasing age.
thus far curcumin was shown to induce death of cancer cells.
this study reports the induction of cellular senescence of human colon cancer cells hct116 upon curcumin treatment.
the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of physical geographic factors and climate conditions on human longevity.
the centenarian rate ( cr ) in @number@ was computed for japan's @number@ prefectures , whose geography and climate vary greatly.
the probability of becoming a centenarian varies significantly among the japanese prefectures.
our analysis highlighted two features which might have played an important role in the longevity observed in okinawa.
first , there is virtually no winter in okinawa.
in the past , however , production was higher in okinawa.
genome-wide association studies ( gwas ) have been successful in uncovering genetic determinants of age at menarche and age at natural menopause.
to date , more than @number@ novel genetic loci have been identified in gwas for age at menarche and @number@ for age at natural menopause.
however , the genetic loci identified so far account for only a small fraction of the overall heritability.
this review provides an overview of the current state of our knowledge of the genetic basis of menarche and menopause timing.
objective : ageing is associated with modifications in upper oesophageal sphincter function that may be deleterious to deglutition.
we aimed to review critically the evidence on the effects of this structured intervention programme and to identify gaps to be filled by future research.
conclusion : further studies including control groups and accounting for potential confounders are needed for a sound assessment of the effectiveness of this technique.
the data on the functional results are , however , promising for dysphagia interventions.
background : social relationships are important at all stages of life.
a positive body image increases confidence in social interactions , which contributes substantially to health , well-being and quality of life.
body image can be negatively impacted by oral conditions , particularly those that are appearance related and do not meet cultural ideals.
geriatric health is an ignored and under-explored area worldwide.
oral health reflects overall well being for the elderly population.
conversely , elderly patients are more predisposed to oral conditions due to age-related systemic diseases and functional changes.
the major barriers to practising geriatric dentistry are the lack of trained faculty members , a crowded curriculum and monetary concerns.
for successful treatment , the practitioner must adopt a humanitarian approach and develop a better understanding of the feelings and attitudes of the elderly.
prevention and early intervention strategies must be formulated to reduce the risk of oral diseases in this population.
in future , dental professionals must have a proper understanding of the magnitude of the services to be provided to the elderly.
this could only be realised through an education programme in geriatric dentistry , which should be started without further delay.
this article hence sets out the objectives , needs , present scenario , strategies and types of dental treatment required by the elderly population.
background : the ageing process transforms the histological composition of the dental pulp and may affect the response to pulp sensibility tests.
objectives : the aim of this study was to assess the influence of age on pulp response time and on pain intensity.
material and methods : fifty elderly patients and @number@ young patients were selected.
different classes of teeth were evaluated.
the pulp sensibility test was performed with a refrigerant spray.
the pulp response time was measured in seconds and the pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale.
also , the results of elderly and young groups were compared by mann-whitney test.
significant difference was detected regarding the pain intensity for mandibular incisors only ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : pulp response time increases when people get older while pain intensity decreases.
there were variations among the classes of teeth.
background : there are situations where a pharmacokinetic ( pk ) study may not be possible in children , especially in neonates and infants.
under these circumstances , one would like to extrapolate pk parameters from adults or older children to neonates and infants.
allometric scaling is a method which can be used for pk extrapolation from adults to children.
methods : clearance values for three coagulation factors ( rviia , rviii and rix ) for adults and children were obtained from the literature.
the allometric model was developed from adult data and then the model was used to predict clearance of the coagulation factors in individual child.
the predicted clearance value was then compared with the observed clearance value in that child.
conclusions : the study indicated that allometric scaling could be applied to predict the cl of coagulation factors in children from adults with accuracy.
the predicted clearance can then be used to select a dose to initiate a clinical trial ( pharmacokinetics , safety and efficacy ) in children.
many tumors do not respond to drug treatment due to their resistance to undergo apoptosis thereby contributing to the development of cancer.
the dementia finding was unexpected , given consistent observational evidence that associates use of estrogen-containing hormone therapy with reduced risk of alzheimer's disease.
these findings have been replicated in several randomized , clinical trials.
the apparent negative effect of cee / mpa on verbal memory does not appear to be age-dependent.
additional investigations are needed to understand the impact of other hormonally active compounds on dementia and cognitive outcomes.
the study aim was to test the hypothesis that motor function undergoes accelerated decline proximate to death.
each evaluation included administration of @number@ motor tests and @number@ cognitive tests from which global measures of motor and cognitive function were derived.
the results demonstrate that motor and cognitive functions both undergo a period of accelerated decline in the last few years of life.
research has shown that nonspatial features , including semantic categories , can bias younger adults ' spatial location memory.
for example , semantically related information is remembered as being closer in space than semantically unrelated information ( hirtle & mascolo , @number@ ) .
these findings suggest that verbal information is concurrently encoded with spatial information and influences younger adults ' spatial information retrieval.
the present study explored whether older adults have a similar dependency between verbal and spatial information.
in experiment @number@ older and younger adults learned maps depicting semantically categorizable landmarks.
after learning , participants completed landmark free recall and distance estimation tasks.
younger adults recalled more landmarks from semantically organized maps compared with older adults.
in addition , younger adults were more likely to underestimate the distance between semantically related landmarks than were older adults.
experiment @number@ examined whether supportive instructions would influence older adults ' use of verbal information when learning maps.
these findings suggest that verbal influences on spatial / map learning in older adults depends on explicit instructions or environmental support at encoding.
cellular senescence is a defense mechanism in response to molecular damage which accumulates with aging.
correspondingly , the number of senescent cells has been reported to be greater in older than in younger subjects and furthermore associates with age-related pathologies.
inter-individual differences exist in the rate at which a person ages ( biological age ) .
we observed that a younger biological age associates with lower levels of p16ink4a positive cells in human skin.
objective : vascular risk is associated with impairments in age-sensitive cognitive functions.
although the links between these factors and cognitive deficits are frequently reported , their joint impact on healthy adults is rarely investigated.
apoe genotype was determined from buccal cultures.
conclusions : a joint influence of relatively mild risk factors is associated with reduced memory performance , even in healthy adults.
existing studies of patient tolerability , however , are limited.
we then assessed the association between efv / ftc / tdf use and health-related quality of life.
among the @number@ patients in our analytic sample , efv / ftc / tdf use was associated with fewer symptoms than was other cart.
subjective memory concerns are common in older adults and may prompt the use of web-based cognitive screening.
websites which purport to provide memory screening are numerous and can influence health behaviours ; however there is currently limited evidence regarding their validity.
the sample consisted of community-based older adults , @number@ with , and @number@ without , memory concerns.
participants rated their likelihood of their accessing online cognitive screening and gave rationales.
participants ' performance on objective pen and paper measures of cognition was compared to performance on subjective online screening measures.
the majority of participants indicated they would access online cognitive screening.
a total of @percent@ of participants were able to use the online tools without assistance.
of the online measures was positively associated with the pen and paper screening measures.
anxiety and depression were significantly associated with subjective memory concerns.
this study provided no supporting evidence for the validity of either subjective online screening measure assessed.
we previously identified a potent and specific calpain @number@ peptide inhibitor ( cygak ) , but it was not efficacious in cells.
using this model we modified the inhibitor to improve potency 2-fold ( cygabuk ) .
to increase cellular efficacy , we created cygak-s-phenyl-oleic acid heterodimers.
using renal mitochondrial matrix cygak , cygak-oc , and cygak-on had ic ( @number@ ) 's of @number@ @number@ and @number@ nm , respectively.
rptc treated with @number@ μm cygak-oc for @number@ h induced accumulation of atp synthase β and ndufb8 , two calpain @number@ substrates.
in summary , we used molecular modeling to improve the potency of cygak , while creating cygak-oleic acid heterodimers to improve efficacy in cells.
background : it is often difficult to determine the correct size of endotracheal tubes ( ett ) needed for intubating pediatric patients.
methods : a total of @number@ pediatric patients ≤ @number@ years were enrolled.
the maximum allowed difference between the prediction method result and the ett that fit was defined as @number@ mm.
ultrasound was performed before the intubation procedure ; the intubating anesthesiologists were blinded to the results of the ultrasound measurement.
correlation and regression analyses were performed and the numbers of correct intubation trials recorded.
in contrast to age-related formulas , however , the ultrasonographically determined mtdsa was not significantly different from the correct ett.
mtdsa was highly associated with the outer diameter of the ett ( r = @number@ r ( @number@ ) = @number@ ) .
conclusions : measuring mtdsa by ultrasound facilitates selection of the appropriate ett in pediatric patients and may reduce the number of reintubations.
poor sleep quality and orthostatic hypotension are common complaints in an older population , and both are related to factors such as polypharmacy and depression.
however , it is not known whether there is a direct association between the two.
our objective is to investigate a potential association between orthostatic blood pressure response and subjective sleep quality in older people.
a within-subjects , cross-sectional design embedded in a larger longitudinal study design.
participants were recruited from the community to visit the tril clinic at st james's hospital , where they underwent a structured medical and psychosocial assessment.
a total of @number@ community dwelling adults aged 60 + ( @number@ females , mean age @number@ ) were participated in this study.
self-reported sleep quality was also assessed using the pittsburgh sleep quality index.
this link may have implications for the management of sleep disorders in older people.
autosomal-dominant missense mutations in lrrk2 ( leucine-rich repeat kinase @number@ ) are a common genetic cause of pd ( parkinson's disease ) .
lrrk2 is a multidomain protein with kinase and gtpase activities.
dominant mutations are found in the domains that have these two enzyme activities , including the common g2019s mutation that increases kinase activity 2-3-fold.
this effect is strong enough to overcome the kinase-activating effects of the g2019s mutation in the kinase domain.
the loss-of-function of g2385r correlates with several cellular phenotypes that have been proposed to be kinase-dependent.
diffuse , optical near infrared imaging is increasingly being used in various neurocognitive contexts where changes in optical signals are interpreted through activation maps.
few studies investigated these changes with age.
res. 39 ( @number@ ) , 889-894 ( @number@ ) ] .
the origin of these changes are studied using simulations and experimental measures.
the clinical features of accelerated aging and the molecular finding were consistent with the diagnosis of hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) .
in this presentation , we demonstrate the radiological imaging findings of skeletal , oral and craniofacial phenotypes of abnormalities associated with hgps.
the oral and craniofacial abnormalities caused dental caries , severe malocclusion , and swallowing , feeding and speech problems.
dural calcification , and granulation in the ear drum and external ear canal were additionally observed.
care arrangements for the elderly are becoming a main social process in contemporary societies due to socio-political and lifestyle changes over the last few decades.
the family and the state play a basic role in the construction of care systems and in the establishment of strategies to access care resources.
in the present context of migration , these resources interact at a transnational level , challenging family and state migratory regimes.
these new realities need the recognition of basic international social rights , as the experiences of peruvians living in a migration context in spain show.
i suggest that these transformations , albeit subtle , lead to reformulation of the fabric of the family.
in this way , transnational care-motivated mobility affects future security based on kin reciprocity.
i argue that these two lines of transformation , kinship and citizenship , result in new forms of gender and intergenerational inequalities.
the world health organization ( who ) estimates that @number@ billion people will be overweight and @number@ million obese in @number@
the increasing popularity of this molecule is certainly due to its anti-obesity effect , primarily detected by murine studies.
beyond this important role , in recent studies fx has shown a great antioxidant activity , anti-cancer , anti-diabetic and anti-photoaging properties.
the aim of this review is to highlight the main effects of fx on human health.
elderly patients often suffer from multiple age-related diseases.
in contrast , under non-diabetic conditions , dj-1 expression increases in mouse and human islets during aging.
in mouse islets , we show that dj-1 prevents an increase in reactive oxygen species levels as the mice age.
this antioxidant function preserves mitochondrial integrity and physiology , prerequisites for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
accordingly , dj-1-deficient mice develop glucose intolerance and reduced β cell area as they age or gain weight.
the method involved review of the pertinent published literature.
premenstrual disorders vary in prevalence according to the definition or categorization.
the most severe disorder being premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( pmdd ) affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age.
this disorder focuses on psychological symptoms whereas global studies show that the most prevalent premenstrual symptoms are physical.
both psychological and physical symptoms affect women's activities of daily life.
a considerable burden of illness has been shown to be associated with moderate to severe premenstrual disorders.
objective : to determine whether the relationship between age and physical and mental health varies by diabetes status in older u.s. adults.
the youngest cohort with diabetes had a higher rate of depression compared to those without diabetes ( @number@ vs. @percent@ ) .
depression declined with age and did not differ by diabetes status in the oldest respondents ( p = @number@ for age-diabetes interaction ) .
conclusions : diabetes differentially affects self-rated overall health and depression by age , with convergence in the oldest age-group with and without diabetes.
moreover , ferulate inhibited epithelial cell leakage induced by t-bhp , which was accompanied by decreased expression of the tj proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin.
the functional relationship between parathyroid glands and prostatic gland is commonly very well known.
according to @number@ transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsies performed from @date@ to @date@ , @number@ patients , responding to our inclusion criteria , were selected.
@number@ patients ( @percent@ ) ended the study.
we observed high levels of pth ( > @number@ pg / ml ) in @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) .
benign prostatic hyperplasia is considered a progressive disease intimately linked with aging.
it is unclear what the impact is of preoperative therapy with 5-ari in patients that undergo surgery.
this is a prospective observational study.
it will include all patients undergoing surgery by turp or open prostatectomy in a period of @number@ months.
we expect results that demonstrate significant and favorable influence of pretreatment with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors on certain outcomes.
therefore , therapy with 5-ari could be considered as neoadjuvant to surgery , whatever this is.
china's small-scale pig keepers are the largest community of pork producers worldwide.
about @number@ % of the world's pigs originate from such systems , each producing 2-5 head per year.
this study analyzes pig smallholders in xishuangbanna , a prefecture of yunnan province.
rb farms earn high income from rubber and fatten cross-bred pigs , often using purchased feeds.
pb farms own similar-sized rubber plantations and raise pigs , with fodder mainly being cultivated and collected in the forest.
lb farms grow corn , rice , and tea while also raising pigs , fed with collected and cultivated fodder as well.
high mortality , low reproductive performance , and widespread malnourishment are the systems ' main constraints.
through support by external expertise , farmers could more effectively trade their pigs at lucrative town markets.
in this study , we explored regional gray matter ( gm ) volumetric associations of the five-factor model of personality.
eighty-seven healthy older adults took the neo personality inventory and had brain mri at two time points @number@ years apart.
we performed gm segmentation followed by regional analysis of volumes examined in normalized space map creation and voxel based morphometry-type statistical inference in spm8.
we created a regression model including all five factors and important covariates.
next , a conjunction analysis identified associations between personality scores and gm volumes that were replicable across time , also using cluster-level family-wise-error correction.
in summary , distinct personality traits were associated with stable individual differences in gm volumes.
as expected for higher-order traits , regions performing a large number of cognitive and affective functions were implicated.
our findings highlight personality-related variation that may be related to individual differences in brain structure that merit additional attention in neuroimaging research.
these conditions often involve defects in chromatin organization.
however , it is unclear whether a-type lamins interact with chromatin in vivo and whether aberrant chromatin-lamin interactions contribute to disease.
these observations demonstrate disease-related changes in higher order genome organization in hgps and provide novel insights into the role of lamin-chromatin interactions in chromatin organization.
objective : evaluate the role of calcium on bone health.
methods : review of literatures on calcium and bone development during childhood and bone health in adulthood and older age.
results : calcium intake influences skeletal calcium retention during growth and thus affects peak bone mass achieved in early adulthood.
increased calcium intake is associated with increased bone mineral accretion rate up to a threshold level in all ethnic groups.
the minimum intake to achieve maximal retention is @number@ mg / day for white boys and @number@ mg / day for white girls.
calcium also plays a role in preventing bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in later life.
meta-analyses report that calcium supplementation reduce bone loss by @number@.5-1.2% and the risk of fracture of all types by at least @percent@ in older people.
low calcium intake is a widespread problem across countries and age groups.
conclusion : adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime is important for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis and related fractures.
older adults often find it more difficult than younger adults to attend to a target talker when there are other people talking.
one possible reason for this difficulty is that it may take them longer to perceptually segregate the target speech from competing speech.
specifically , we employed five different delays ( @number@ s-1.1 s ) between masker onset and target speech onset.
the word recognition thresholds for older adults , however , did not appear to change over the range of delays explored in this study.
the potential contributions of age-related sensory and cognitive declines to these stream segregation effects are discussed.
as the population ages , the economic and societal impacts of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are expected to rise sharply.
like dementia , late-life depressive disorders are common and are linked to increased disability , high healthcare utilisation , cognitive decline and premature mortality.
this more recent research has highlighted that a range of illness-specific , neurodegenerative and vascular factors appear to contribute to the various phenotypic presentations.
data examining the efficacy of pharmacological , non-pharmacological and novel treatments for depression are discussed.
however , the underlying mechanisms of stereotype threat in older adults or other stigmatized groups remain poorly understood.
here , we offer evidence that stereotype threat consumes working memory resources in older adults.
parkinson's disease ( pd ) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of the dopaminergic ( da ) neurons in substantia nigra.
with golgi-cox impregnation , we also observed declined dendritic complexity and the loss of dendritic spines in striatal msns of dj-1-deficient mice.
chronic hyperglycemia causes increased level of reactive oxygen species which is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes associated complications including cataract.
the current study focused on analysis of factors associated with osmotic imbalance and oxidative stress in aging and diabetic human cataractous lenses.
we examined activities of polyol pathway enzymes , g6pd and glutathione system in lenses from subjects suffering from cataract due to aging and diabetes.
introduction and objectives : the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation is heterogeneous and depends upon underlying clinical conditions included in current risk stratification schemes.
patients with cha ( @number@ ) ds ( @number@ ) -vasc≥2 were selected.
adverse cardiovascular events including stroke , acute coronary syndrome , or heart failure ; major bleeds ; and mortality were recorded during more than
results : of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) assessed , @number@ were males , median age @number@ ( 71-81 ) years.
cha ( @number@ ) ds ( @number@ ) -vasc score was not associated with major bleeding episodes.
sexual behavior is critical to species survival , yet comparatively little is known about the neural mechanisms in the human brain.
sexual behavior clearly follows the established principles and phases for wanting , liking and satiety involved in the pleasure cycle of other rewards.
human sexual behavior also interacts with other pleasures , most notably social interaction and high arousal states.
this study investigated age-related and fall-risk-related differences in the ability to make visually guided reactive stepping adjustments during locomotion.
furthermore , high-risk older adults were unable to generate adjustments with the same magnitude and consistency as low-risk older adults and young adults.
saccadic reaction latencies also were doubled in high-risk older adults compared to young.
analysis of covariance showed that the significant between group differences in final foot placement error could be accounted for by differences in saccadic response times.
ageing involves modifications of the locomotor system which is believed to increase energy consumption.
ten young and @number@ elderly healthy subjects were assessed using gait analysis while walking at comparable speed.
planar models of muscle-driven locomotion , accounting for @number@ muscles grouped into @number@ equivalent actuators , were developed.
muscle-tendon forces were estimated by using the inverse-dynamic based static optimization where cost functions were tuned to capture the different muscle co-activation between groups.
following this , tendon and muscle shortening / lengthening was computed , and muscle-tendon work was estimated and compared between groups.
results showed that both groups produced comparable muscle mechanical work , though shared differently among muscles.
moreover , young people used more elastic energy than older people.
polysomnographic recordings were carried out continuously.
results : young depressed women exhibited higher absolute mean swa levels and a stronger response to sleep deprivation , particularly in frontal brain regions.
conclusions : homeostatic sleep regulation and sleep architecture in young depressed women are not equal to premature aging.
it also highlights the importance of linking patients to nonmedical programs and services in the community.
background : positive life orientation ( plo ) is considered an important dimension of successful aging.
aim : to investigate how self-reported plo changed among home-dwelling people from age @number@ to @number@ and @number@ years.
study design : a prospective , population-based 15-year follow-up study of the age cohort of 70-year-olds living in the city of turku , finland.
follow-ups using the same procedure were conducted in @number@ and @number@
we created a plo score from the answers to these questions , where @number@ represented the best plo and @number@ the poorest.
results : at baseline , the participants showed rather high levels of positive life orientation ( plo total score @number@ ) .
plo declined markedly after the 70-year-old participants reached the age of @number@ and @number@ years ( p < .001 ) .
however , depressive feelings remained quite stable.
the decrease was similar among men and women except for the items suffering from loneliness and feeling needed.
at age @number@ and @number@ years women suffered more from loneliness than men , while men experienced feeling needed more than women.
conclusions : positive life orientation declines during old age , especially from age @number@ to @number@ years.
thereafter the decline is less steep except for changes in future plans and feeling needed.
acoustic and visual cues are frequently used in gait rehabilitation.
attuning the steps to the cues is attentionally demanding.
we examined the attentional demands of walking to two types of cues using a probe reaction time ( rt ) task.
the steps were cued by either metronome beeps or visual stepping stones projected on a treadmill.
the coupling between gait and these cues was assessed using a perturbation paradigm.
in view of age-related changes in attentional demands of motor control , both elderly and young adults were tested.
for all conditions , rts were higher for elderly adults.
however , the difference between elderly and young adults did not vary over conditions.
uncued walking required more attention than did standing and sitting.
the attentional demands were further elevated during cued walking , with larger rts for walking to visual stepping stones than to metronome beeps.
hence , the observed differences between the two cueing types may be associated with the natural dependence of gait on visual information.
homeobox transcription factors are key intrinsic regulators of myogenesis.
we also describe the structure and regulation of barx genes and possible gene / disease associations.
finally , we describe the patterns of barx gene expression in vivo and the phenotypes of various barx gene perturbation models including null mice.
the period between the mri and the fdg pet / ct examinations was within @number@ week.
the demographic data and clinical history were reviewed.
the relationship between mri findings and the values of maximum standardized uptake value ( suvmax ) on fdg pet / ct was analysed.
results : the mean values of early and delayed suvmax of schmorl's nodes without mri enhancement were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@
the mean values of early and delayed suvmax of schmorl's nodes with mri enhancement were @number@ ± @number@ and @number@ ± @number@
conclusions : schmorl's nodes demonstrated low to moderate uptake on fdg pet / ct images.
schmorl's nodes with perifocal enhancement on mri result in higher fdg uptake.
murine aβ codeposits and colocalizes with human aβ in amyloid plaques , and the two aβ species coimmunoprecipitate together from brain extracts.
the immunized mice additionally showed improvements in two behavioral assays , odor habituation and nesting behavior.
the association between rs functional connectivity and executive functions was assessed in @number@ patients with neuropsychological assessment.
the enhanced parietal connectivity was associated with the clinical and cognitive deficits of the patients.
in als , an alteration of large-scale functional brain networks associated with cognition does occur , even in the absence of overt dementia.
the increased parietal connectivity may have a role in an attempt to maintain cognitive efficiency in the presence of structural frontotemporal injury.
enabling elderly people to age within first nations communities will require multi-level and multi-sectoral system changes.
in this study , @number@ raw milk cheeses were obtained from retail specialty shops , farmers ' markets , and on-line sources.
the cheeses were then analyzed for the presence of listeria monocytogenes , salmonella , escherichia coli o157 : h7 , staphylococcus aureus , and campylobacter.
aerobic plate counts ( apc ) , coliform and yeast / mold counts were also performed.
the results revealed that none of the enteric pathogens were detected in any of the samples tested.
five samples contained coliforms ; two of those contained e. coli at less than 10 ( @number@ ) cfu / g.
three other cheese samples contained s. aureus.
the apc and yeast-mold counts were within expected ranges.
gonadal hormones may influence cognitive function.
participants ( n = @number@ mean age @number@ years ) had undergone natural menopause and were not using hormone therapy.
estrone , total and free estradiol , and total and free testosterone levels were measured at time of the first testing.
principal-component analysis identified four cognitive factors.
background & aims : nutritional failure in children with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) has a negative effect on their morbidity and survival.
nutritional failure was defined as bmi < 10 percentile and / or fat-free mass index < 5th percentile.
statistics were done using anova and t-tests.
only @percent@ of the patients with fat-free mass depletion was detected when using the criteria bmi < 10 percentile.
bmi ≤20 percentile was associated with a large drop in fat-free mass , a reduced fev ( @number@ ) , and in bone mineral loss.
bmi percentile of @number@ should be considered as the new critical threshold for nutritional failure in cf if body composition techniques are not available.
age increases vulnerability , commonly accompanied by greater reliance on others and susceptibility to maltreatment.
physiologic processes become less resilient ; the potential for harm from medical care increases.
awareness of frailty , functional , social , and potential maltreatment issues enables early referrals to help the patient maintain her independence.
health issues that may impede both gynecologic care and self-sufficiency include sensory deficits , physical disability , and cognitive impairment.
speaking slowly and providing contextual information enhance patient comprehension.
cancer screening depends on life expectancy.
osteoporosis treatment requires managing fall risk.
gynecologic symptoms more likely have multiple contributing factors than one etiology.
incontinence is a particularly complex issue , but invariably includes bladder diary assessment and pelvic floor muscle training.
function and frailty measures best predict perioperative morbidity.
communication with the patient , her family , other providers , and health care organizations is an important frontier in avoiding errors and adverse outcomes.
background : transplantation is often the only way to treat a number of diseases leading to organ failure.
the development of a model to complement the physician's experience in specifying therapeutic regimens is therefore desirable.
the latter has been determined experimentally.
results : the proposed model substantially simplifies the chain of events potentially leading to organ rejection.
conclusions : the introduced model is mathematically consistent with known physiology and can reproduce variations in immune status and allograft survival after transplantation.
the model can be adapted to represent different therapeutic schemes and may offer useful indications for the optimization of therapy protocols in the transplanted patient.
the roles of such variants in life span regulation remain unclear.
the presence of such pattern confirms observations from experimental studies that regulation of life span involves genes responsible for stress resistance.
conclusion : biodemographic analyses could provide important information about the properties of genes affecting phenotypic traits.
introduction : circulating inflammatory markers may play an important role in cognitive impairment at older ages.
mice deficient for the chemokine ( c-c motif ) receptor @number@ ( ccr2 ) develop an accelerated alzheimer-like pathology.
ccr2 is also important in neurogenesis.
we assessed expression associations with mmse performance at rna collection and prior 9-year change in mmse score in linear regression models.
ccr2 expression was also positively associated with apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) e4 alzheimer disease risk haplotype.
conclusions : we show for the first time that ccr2 expression is associated with lower mmse scores in an older human population.
laboratory models of ccr2-mediated β-amyloid removal and regulation of neurogenesis affecting cognitive function may be applicable in humans.
background : characterization of long-term health trajectory in older individuals is important for proactive health management.
however , the relative prognostic value of information contained in clinical profiles of nonfrail older adults is often unclear.
variables that best predicted mortality over @number@ years of follow-up were identified using 10-fold cross-validation.
these variables predicted mortality better than @number@ other measures , including baseline age and a 45-variable health deficit index.
conclusions : dsst score and serum cystatin c warrant priority consideration for the evaluation of mortality risk in older individuals.
dsst score and serum cystatin c can thus provide evidence-based tools for geriatric assessment.
coris is an open , prospective , multicenter cohort of hiv adults naive to haart at entry ( @date@ to @date@ ) .
among @number@ patients , @number@ began haart.
during follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) patients experienced an ir , @number@ ( @percent@ ) a vr , and @number@ ( @percent@ ) died.
the vr was similar across all age groups.
in hiv infection , patients aged ≥50 years have a poorer immunological response to haart and a poorer survival.
this age could be used to define medically advanced age in hiv-infected people.
kidney-related pathologies are important contributors ( either directly or indirectly ) to overall human mortality.
in comparison with other organs , kidney has an unusually wide range of oxidative status , ranging from the well-perfused cortex to near-anoxic medulla.
proteomics approaches have been taken to study of human kidney tissue , serum / plasma , urine , and animal models of hypertension.
results : the prevalence of ms was @percent@.
the hs-crp level in the population studied was @number@ + / - @number@ mg x l ( @number@ ) . hs-crp significantly increased with age.
ms significantly increased in the groups with high hs-crp in comparison with pilots with intermediate hs-crp levels and with those with low hs-crp levels.
a similar association was found between the levels of hs-crp and the prevalence of ms in the three age groups.
the levels of hs-crp increased in pilots as they presented greater numbers of ms diagnostic criteria.
the prevalence of ms increased among the groups with higher levels of hs-crp.
background : cellular senescence is a specialized form of growth arrest that is generally irreversible.
upregulated p16 , p53 , and p21 expression and silencing of e2f target genes have been characterized to promote the establishment of senescence.
therefore , senescence has been suggested to functions as a natural brake for tumor development and plays a critical role in tumor suppression and aging.
indeed , no change in the expression of the typical senescence-associated premalignant cell markers in the dox-induced senescent k562 cells was found.
microrna profiling revealed upregulated mir-375 in dox-induced senescent k562 cells.
upregulated mir-375 expression was associated with downregulated expression of 14-3-3zeta and sp1 genes.
autophagy was also investigated since dox treatment was able to induce cells entering senescence and eventually lead to cell death.
the anti-proliferative function of mir-375 is possibly exerted , at least in part , by targeting 14-3-3zeta and sp1 genes.
background : ayurveda represents the traditional medicine system of india.
results : a @percent@ ( weight / volume ) supplement of ar or rs affected life-history and other physiological traits in distinct ways.
feeding on ar or rs supplemented food improved fecundity differently.
feeding of larvae and adults with ar increased the fecundity while the same with rs had opposite effect.
rs feeding did not cause heavy metal toxicity.
as pharmacological data sets become increasingly large and complex , new visual analysis and filtering programs are needed to aid their appreciation.
one of the most commonly used methods for visualizing biological data is the venn diagram.
we describe the development of vennture , a program that facilitates visualization of up to six datasets in a user-friendly manner.
this program includes versatile output features , where grouped data points can be easily exported into a spreadsheet.
vennture was able to reliably and simply dissect six complex data sets into easily identifiable groups for straightforward analysis and data output.
applied to complex pharmacological datasets , vennture's improved features and ease of analysis are much improved over currently available venn diagram programs.
vennture enabled the delineation of highly complex patterns of dose-dependent g protein-coupled receptor activity and its dependence on physiological cellular contexts.
this study highlights the potential for such a program in fields such as pharmacology , genomics , and bioinformatics.
cigarette smoking has been proposed as a major risk factor for aging-related pathological changes and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
to date , little is known for how smoking can predispose our brains to dementia or cognitive impairment.
this study aimed to investigate the cigarette smoke-induced pathological changes in brains.
we found that the levels of oxidative stress were significantly increased in the hippocampus of the smoking group.
decreased levels of acetylated-tubulin and increased levels of phosphorylated-tau at @number@ @number@ and @number@ epitopes were also observed in the hippocampus of the smoking rats.
these results suggested that axonal transport machinery might be impaired , and the stability of cytoskeleton might be affected by smoking.
in summary , our data suggested that chronic cigarette smoking could induce synaptic changes and other neuropathological alterations.
these changes might serve as evidence of early phases of neurodegeneration and may explain why smoking can predispose brains to ad and dementia.
background : in increasingly aging populations , awareness of outcomes of older patients treated with biologics is becoming more important.
however , few studies to date have investigated the safety and durability of anti-tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) therapy in this subgroup.
methods : this was a retrospective single-center study with cases comprising all ibd patients who began anti-tnf treatment at age > 60 years.
cases of crohn's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) were identified from medical record review.
our controls consisted of patients younger than age @number@ years on anti-tnf treatment and patients > 60 years on treatment with immunomodulators.
kaplan-meier survival estimates were used to calculate the probability of remaining on anti-tnf therapy.
among these , a total of @number@ patients ( @percent@ ) discontinued anti-tnf therapy after a mean of @number@ months.
conclusions : the ibd population older than age @number@ at the time of initiation of anti-tnf therapy is at higher risk for discontinuation of therapy.
they may also be particularly vulnerable to infectious complications requiring hospitalization , suggesting the need for careful monitoring during therapy.
objective : a study was undertaken to relate dietary fat types to cognitive change in healthy community-based elders.
serial cognitive testing , conducted over @number@ years , began @number@ years after dietary assessment.
total fat , pufa , and trans-fat intakes were not associated with cognitive trajectory.
interpretation : higher sfa intake was associated with worse global cognitive and verbal memory trajectories , whereas higher mufa intake was related to better trajectories.
thus , different consumption levels of the major specific fat types , rather than total fat intake itself , appeared to influence cognitive aging.
generalized linear models stratified by sex were used to compare the prevalence of reported fractures between survivors and siblings.
approximately @percent@ of survivors and @percent@ of siblings reported ≥ @number@ fracture during their lifetime.
among males , only smoking history and white race were associated with an increased prevalence of fracture ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : findings from this study indicated that the prevalence of fractures among adult survivors did not increase compared with that of siblings.
additional studies of bone health among aging female cancer survivors may be warranted.
low or high hematocrit levels are associated with increased morbidity and mortality , mediated via anemia or thromboembolic events , respectively.
it is therefore important to identify factors that influence hematocrit.
although androgens are known to stimulate hematopoietic cells , it is unknown whether circulating sex steroid hormones affect hematocrit.
outcomes were low ( < 10th percentile ) , high ( > 90th percentile ) , and mean hematocrit.
thus , changes in sex hormone levels with aging may contribute to the increased prevalence of anemia and thromboembolic stroke in men as they age.
purpose : we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between smoking and age-related cataract ( arc ) .
methods : eligible studies were identified via computer searches and reviewing the reference lists of the key articles.
the summary relative risk ratio ( rr ) or odds ratio ( or ) and @percent@ confidence interval ( ci ) were calculated.
study-specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model.
meta-regression to assess heterogeneity by several covariates and subgroup analysis on arc types were performed.
results : a total of @number@ prospective cohort and eight case-control studies met our inclusion criteria.
similar results were found in case-control studies ( nc or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.47-2.36 ; posterior subcapsular cataract or @number@ @percent@ ci @number@.97-2.65 ) .
current smokers were at higher risk of arc than past smokers.
no association between smoking and cortical cataract was observed.
conclusions : the overall current literature suggests that smoking was associated with increased risk of arc , especially nc.
further efforts should be made to confirm these findings and clarify the underlying biological mechanisms.
resistant hypertension was more frequent in people who were older , obese , male , african american or nonblack hispanic.
because of increased use of healthcare resources , resistant hypertensive patients should be identified early , and greater efforts made to control their blood pressures.
objective : older people with type @number@ diabetes are at high risk of mobility disability.
total , muscular , and fat cross-sectional areas of the calf and relative muscle density were measured using peripheral quantitative computerized tomography.
gait performance was assessed by 4- and 400-m walking speed.
diabetes was ascertained by standard american diabetes association criteria.
results : prevalence of diabetes was @percent@.
conclusions : in older persons , diabetes is associated with reduced muscle strength and worse muscle quality.
these impairments are important contributors of walking limitations related to diabetes.
nasopharyngeal specimens collected during acute respiratory illnesses were tested for @number@ viruses.
results : between @date@ and @date@ , @number@ uri episodes , including @number@ with lri , in @number@ infants were documented.
viral studies were performed on @number@ uri episodes ; @percent@ were positive.
maternal antibody and absence of comorbidity may explain the low influenza burden whereas parental anxiety may explain the increased healthcare visit rate during the pandemic.
deciphering the contribution of genetic instability in somatic cells is critical to our understanding of many human disorders.
this somatic instability has compromised attempts to measure intergenerational repeat dynamics and infer genotype-phenotype relationships.
using single-molecule pcr , we have characterized more than @number@ @number@ de novo somatic mutations from a large cohort of dm1 patients.
these data reveal that the estimated progenitor allele length is the major modifier of age of onset.
these data establish a primary role for somatic instability in dm1 severity , further highlighting it as a therapeutic target.
in addition , we show that the level of instability is highly heritable , implying a role for individual-specific trans-acting genetic modifiers.
objective : age-related abnormalities in caudate volumes have been reported to differ across the periods of childhood and puberty in children with adhd.
this study assessed caudate volumetric abnormalities across two narrow age clusters within the childhood period.
results : boys with adhd had smaller total caudate volumes relative to controls , f ( @number@ ) = 4.29 , p = 0.04.
no group effect was found in older participants , f ( @number@ @number@ ) = 0.82 , p = 0.37.
conclusions : these novel findings suggest a different pattern of caudate volume abnormalities across narrow age clusters prior to puberty in boys with adhd.
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) are in the center of attention of many investigators due to easy isolation from many tissues.
msc capability to differentiate into many cell types makes them a starting point of many new therapies , especially in tissue engineering.
however , understanding the process of msc aging is crucial for selecting donors for cellular therapies , which is necessary for successful treatment.
cell changes can be divided into three major groups.
changes which affect their proliferate rate , differentiation capability and genome stability lead to decrease of their usefulness in new therapies.
the aim of this review is to take a deep look into the influence of donor age and in vitro aging on msc properties.
in recent years , novel model systems have made significant contributions to our understanding of the processes that control the ageing of whole organisms.
two recent discoveries illustrate this particularly well.
the second is the demonstration that senescent cells play a causal part in organismal ageing but remain essentially unstudied in a cns context.
objectives : to examine the individual association between bmi and level of serum uric acid ( sua ) among the very elderly chinese population.
methods : a survey was conducted on @number@ long-lived subjects ( aged ≥90years ) .
subjects were also divided into hyperuricemia and normal sua groups.
results : the sample included @number@ unrelated chinese.
the mean age was @number@.52±3.29years ( range 90-108years ) .
the mean level of bmi was @time@ ±3.47kg / m ( @number@ ) and mean sua was @number@.72±87.01.
according to the both bmi classification criteria , the group with higher bmi had higher level of sua ( p < 0.001 ) .
unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions showed that odds ratios for hyperuricemia were associated with bmi according to quartile of bmi.
conclusions : we found that among long-lived chinese subjects , higher levels of sua may be associated with higher bmi.
humans are the longest living and slowest growing of all primates.
although most primates are social , humans are highly cooperative and social in ways that likely co-evolved with the slow human life history.
in this paper we highlight the role of resource transfers and non-material assistance within and across generations in shaping low human mortality rates.
the use of complex cooperative strategies to minimize risk is a necessary precursor for selecting further reductions in mortality rate in late adulthood.
some memories about events can persist for decades , even a lifetime.
retention of each memory component was tested , at multiple intervals , up to @number@ mo following encoding.
the three memory subtasks adopted the same retrieval paradigm and were matched for initial difficulty.
these findings show that memories undergo qualitative changes as they age.
implications for theories of long-term memory are discussed.
estrogen is the major hormonal regulator of bone metabolism in women and men.
therefore , there is considerable interest in unraveling the pathways by which estrogen exerts its protective effects on bone.
estrogen also modulates osteoblast / osteocyte and t-cell regulation of osteoclasts.
unraveling these pleiotropic effects of estrogen may lead to new approaches to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
microtubule-associated protein tau ( mapt ) mutations have been shown to underlie frontotemporal dementia and a variety of additional sporadic tauopathies.
two siblings of one patient also carried the p.a152t variant , and both have progressive cognitive impairment.
interestingly , this variation results in the creation of a new phosphorylation site that could cause reduced microtubule binding.
we suggest that the a152t variant is a risk factor associated with the development of atypical neurodegenerative conditions with abnormal tau accumulation.
not all people benefit from intensive glycemic control.
the subgroups were classified according to @number@ comorbid conditions prevalent in the older population.
results : we found @number@ distinct subgroups.
class @number@ ( @percent@ of the sample ) had the lowest probabilities for most conditions.
class @number@ ( @percent@ of the sample ) had the highest probabilities of cancer , incontinence , and kidney disease.
class @number@ ( @percent@ of the sample ) had the highest probabilities ( > 90% ) of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction.
class @number@ had only @number@ @number@ or @number@ comorbid conditions , and both class @number@ and class @number@ had @number@ or more comorbid conditions.
introduction : calcium silicate-based materials ( csms ) are used in various endodontic procedures.
the present study examined whether prolonged contact of mineralized dentin with recently commercialized versions of these materials adversely affects dentin collagen matrix integrity.
hydroxyproline assay was performed on each group's supernatant to quantify the collagen extraction amounts of each group per time period.
dentin slabs from the @number@ months of aging group were demineralized for transmission electron microscopy examination of collagen matrix ultrastructural changes.
collagen degradation was identified from the surface of dentin slabs that were in direct contact with csms.
conclusions : prolonged contact of mineralized dentin with csms has an adverse effect on the integrity of the dentin collagen matrix.
however , the amount of collagen extracted was limited to the contact surface.
clinicians can continue to apply csms in endodontic procedures ; however , caution is advised when these materials are applied to thin dentinal walls.
for decades mitochondria have been considered static round-shaped organelles in charge of energy production.
a total of @number@ adults performed three parallel versions of cognitive tests on two occasions separated by an average of @number@ years.
reliabilities of the changes in composite scores were low , but averages of the three changes had larger , albeit still quite modest , reliabilities.
in some cognitive abilities individual differences were evident in the relation of prior test experience and the magnitude of longitudinal change.
objectives : several formulations have been proposed in order to model human growth from birth to maturity.
they are usually based on \ "ad hoc \ " heuristic assumptions.
methods : the main pun class investigated to date , i.e. un , can only account for the overall growth pattern.
the accuracy of the fitting and reliability of the model suggest applications both at the diagnostic and therapeutic level.
additional aim was to elucidate the possible source of maximal exercise-induced increase in mmp-9 concentration.
venous blood samples were collected @number@ min before and @number@ min after exercise.
furthermore , increase in il-6 correlated with the increase in mmp-9 concentrations ( p < @number@ r = @number@ ) .
maximal exercise induces an inflammatory response characterized by leucocytosis and increased il-6 , mpo and mmp-9 concentrations.
furthermore , correlation between increases in serum il-6 and mmp-9 concentrations may suggest that il-6 could exert modulatory effects on mmp-9 release during maximal exercise.
open-angle glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that has a multifarious aetiological profile.
emerging theories suggest that a group of factors induce optic nerve injury in innately susceptible aging optic nerves.
these factors have the potential to impact on the function of other vulnerable neurons within the central nervous system of older patients.
the electroencephalogram signal reflects the electrical activity of the neurons in the cerebral cortex.
it is thus the key to assessment of the level of hypnosis.
beyond visual analysis , several monitoring devices allow an automated treatment of the electroencephalographic ( eeg ) signal , combining time and frequency domain analysis.
age-related modifications accompanying cerebral maturation during infancy and childhood will be detailed.
the relationships between pain , memory , and the eeg will be discussed.
finally , this review will focus on some specific eeg features such as the electrical epileptoid activity observed under sevoflurane anesthesia.
the eeg signal is the best window we have on cortical brain activity and provides a fair pharmacodynamic feedback of the effects of hypnotics.
however , the cortex is only one of several targets of anesthesia.
hypnotics and opiates , have also subcortical primary targets , and the eeg performances in the evaluation or prediction of nociception are poor.
monitoring subcortical structures in combination with the eeg might in the future allow a better evaluation and a more precise adaptation of balanced anesthesia.
a mixed effects model compared sopt training effects longitudinally across five years relative to controls.
a second mixed effects model compared the durability of training gains between the mci subtypes across @number@ years.
all subtypes of mci showed immediate improvement post-training relative to controls , with the single non-amnestic subtype showing the most benefit.
additionally , all subtypes showed similar trajectories across five years.
there were no significant changes in performance across time , indicating initial training gains were maintained.
these results provide support for the effectiveness and potential durability of sopt among persons with mci regardless of subtype.
future research should investigate if sopt transfers to improvements in the everyday functioning of those with mci.
methods : the rat model of alzheimer's disease ( ad ) was established using d-galactose to cause subacute aging combined with meynert nucleus damage.
rat behavior was monitored using the morris water maze , and the expression of beta-app in rat brain tissue was detected via immunohistochemistry.
results : cdst significantly improved spatial cognition and decreased beta-app expression in the cortex and hippocampus ( p < @number@ p < @number@ ) .
conclusions : cdst can significantly improve spatial cognition in a rat model of ad.
this observation is possibly related to a reduction in beta-app expression in the rat brain.
objective : to explore the anti-aging effects of mild-warming moxibustion on bcl-2 and pkc expression in peripheral blood and general symptoms in elderly people.
methods : a total of @number@ elderly people and @number@ non-elderly people were enrolled.
conclusion : the anti-aging effects of mild-warming moxibustion may be due to increased bcl-2 and pkc expression in peripheral blood in aged people.
blast exposure is associated with traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , neuropsychiatric symptoms , and long-term cognitive disability.
we examined a case series of postmortem brains from u.s. military veterans exposed to blast and / or concussive injury.
we developed a blast neurotrauma mouse model that recapitulated cte-linked neuropathology in wild-type c57bl / 6 mice @number@ weeks after exposure to a single blast.
blast-exposed mice demonstrated phosphorylated tauopathy , myelinated axonopathy , microvasculopathy , chronic neuroinflammation , and neurodegeneration in the absence of macroscopic tissue damage or hemorrhage.
intracerebral pressure recordings demonstrated that shock waves traversed the mouse brain with minimal change and without thoracic contributions.
kinematic analysis revealed blast-induced head oscillation at accelerations sufficient to cause brain injury.
head immobilization during blast exposure prevented blast-induced learning and memory deficits.
the contribution of blast wind to injurious head acceleration may be a primary injury mechanism leading to blast-related tbi and cte.
background : it is important to have a replicable easy method for monitoring atrophy progression in alzheimer's disease.
volumetric methods for calculating hippocampal volume are time-consuming and commonly used in research.
visual assessments of medial temporal lobe atrophy ( vamta ) is a rapid method for clinical use.
this method has not been tested in a large non-demented population in comparison with volumetry measurements.
purpose : to compare visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy ( vamta ) with hippocampal volume in a healthy , non-demented elderly population.
to describe normal ageing using vamta.
standard magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scans , vamta , and calculations of hippocampal volumes were performed in @number@ subjects.
subjects aged @number@ @number@ and @number@ years scored ≤2 , while the two oldest age groups had scores ≤3.
conclusion : there was a highly significant correlation between volumetric measurements of the hippocampus and mta scoring.
in normal ageing , there is increasing mta score.
human aging is associated with the deterioration of long-lived proteins.
using proteomic techniques , a site of deamidation involving glutamine @number@ has been characterized and its time course established.
the proportion of deamidation increased from birth to teen-age years and then plateaud.
deamidation at this site increased again in the eighth decade of life.
there was no significant difference in the extent of deamidation between cataract and age-matched normal lenses.
gln170 , which is located in another unstructured part of γs crystallin , showed a similar deamidation profile to that of gln92.
( @number@ ) ; neurosci lett 440 : 340-343 ] as well as reduced telomere probe light intensity values in interphases [ jenkins et al.
( @number@ ) ; neurobiol aging 31 : 765-771 ] .
telomere length is quantified by reduced telomere signal numbers and shorter chromosome @number@ telomeres measured in micrometers ( microns ) .
objective : to examine physical activity ( pa ) prevalence in individuals with arthritis in comparison with those with other chronic diseases.
older women in the arthritis group appeared to be the least active across physical activities and groups.
background : several studies have reported an age-related decline of physical activity ( pa ) .
results : the percentage of individuals undertaking ≥ @number@ h of pa per week decreased from @percent@ to @percent@ between adolescence and midlife.
the largest decline occurred on entering the labor market ( from @percent@ to @percent@ ) .
at midlife , there were no significant differences of pa level between experimental and control groups.
men were more active than women at each transition except for parenthood.
conclusions : our results highlight a progressive nonlinear decline of pa involvement in both groups.
promotion initiatives should target these periods to prevent the decline of pa.
however , these defense mechanisms have not been evaluated in elderly women.
lower body negative pressure seemed to create comparable hypovolemia measured as total calf volume increase in elderly and young women.
elderly women responded with less increase in heart rate but with equal forearm vascular resistance ( % ) response during lbnp.
the endothelium is a key constituent of the vascular wall , being actively involved in maintaining the structural integrity and proper functioning of blood vessels.
hyperlipidemia , diabetes , hypertension , smoking and aging are important risk factors for the dysfunction of endothelial cells ( ec ) .
under pathological conditions , lp may suffer alterations in concentration and composition and become aggressors for ec.
this review summarises recent advances in understanding the role of lp in the induction of endothelial dysfunction and the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
introduction : approximately , @percent@ of hiv-infected individuals have comorbid diabetes.
methods : we studied a national cohort of hiv-infected and matched hiv-uninfected individuals who received care through the veterans healthcare administration.
mean baseline egfr was @number@ ml / min / 1.73m , and @percent@ progressed to an egfr < @number@ ml / min / 1.73m.
several large trials indicate that doses in the range of 700-1 , 000 iu / day can lower fracture risk by ~20 %.
trials testing additional doses of vitamin d in different segments of the population are needed.
completed analysis was carried out on the @number@ ribs for which all the variables could be collected.
this work provides a useful basis for subsequent studies on aging and age prediction.
the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a treatment based on aerobic exercise in institutionalised elderly people diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis.
material and method : an experimental , prospective , single blind study was conducted.
the sample ( n = 31 ) , was divided into two groups.
we conducted a pre-test and post-test assessment using a visual analogue scale , womac questionnaire and sf-36 as measuring instruments.
the statistical program spss15.0 was used for the analysis of the data.
background and objectives : population aging has emerged as a major demographic trend worldwide.
subjects and methods : a total of @number@ patients older than @number@ years were studied.
the nutritional status was evaluated using the mini nutritional assessment test.
results : overall , @percent@ of the studied population presented a high risk of malnutrition.
although the sex did not affect the nutritional status of studied patients , the age significantly influenced it.
mg performance suggests that acquisition is impaired in ad patients even at predementia stage ( mci-ad ) .
ml performance suggests that short-delay consolidation is deficient only in confirmed ad patients.
variations in acquisition performance in control participants are related to metabolic activity in the anterior parietal cortex , an area supporting task-positive attentional processes.
participants also underwent a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
multiple regression analysis revealed that greater pa was associated with a shorter time to complete the trail-making test , and higher levels of verbal fluency.
these present cross-sectional results indicate that pa is a lifestyle factor that is linked to brain structure and function in late life.
elderly patients potentially are more complicated to treat than younger hiv-infected individuals because of comorbidities and the physiological effects of aging on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
this patient's treatment is further complicated by poor renal function , medications with potential interactions , and a recent diagnosis of depression.
this case demonstrates treatment and monitoring of an elderly patient with hiv and reveals the complications associated with this disease state.
part @number@ of this series described several healthy aging evidence-based programs and discussed collaborative opportunities for senior care pharmacists within these programs.
participants develop action plans related to these issues through structured planning and feedback exercises.
as of @date@ , more than @number@ older americans have completed a cdsmp.
there is currently no standard criterion for determining abnormal test scores in neuropsychology ; thus , a number of different criteria are commonly used.
in addition , the number of abnormal scores at each of the seven cutoffs was also examined.
using t-scores , approximately 15%-20% and 5%-10% of scores were > 1.0 and > 1.5 sd from the mean , respectively.
roughly @percent@ and @percent@ fell at the < 10th and < 5th percentiles , respectively.
both raw and t-scores > 2.0 sd from the mean were infrequent.
consideration of base rate data regarding the percentage of healthy individuals scoring in the abnormal range should help avoid classifying normal variability as neuropsychological impairment.
background : dna methylation of promoter-associated cpg islands of certain genes may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer.
however the role of this gene in the colonic mucosa is not understood and whether methylation occurs in subjects without colon cancer.
results : we analysed colonic mucosal biopsies in @number@ normal individuals and demonstrated that in most individuals promoter hypermethylation was not quantified for myod-1.
however , promoter hypermethylation increased significantly with age ( p < 0.001 using regression analysis ) and this was gender independent.
previous studies addressing this question have tended to use complex behavioral tasks too broad to isolate specific neurocognitive processes affected by both alcohol and aging.
participants performed the task at peak alcohol levels.
additional correlation analyses between acc and rt suggested that moderately intoxicated older adults become more accurate as response times increase.
this relationship was not observed in older adults in the placebo condition.
conclusions : these data suggest that healthy individuals exhibit a differential susceptibility to the effects of alcohol depending on their age.
the objective of this article was to report on efforts in surveillance of health conditions and behaviors in underserved rural dominican communities.
descriptive analyses of select health conditions and behavior variables from all completed surveys were tabulated.
overall , @percent@ of the sample self-reported their general health status to be fair to poor.
the top three chronic diseases included : high blood pressure ( @percent@ ) , diabetes ( @percent@ ) , and asthma ( @percent@ ) .
in all , @percent@ reported current smoker status and @percent@ were classified as heavy alcohol drinkers.
conclusion : considerable variation was found in the self-report of health conditions and behavioral characteristics among those individuals that attended the health fair.
resveratrol ( ) is a natural phytophenol.
it is found in many plants , but the highest concentration was detected in different grape-derived products , especially in red wine.
the substance is also an active ingredient of some over-the-counter diet supplements.
high resveratrol popularity is a consequence of wide biological properties.
numbers of epidemiological and experimental studies have proved a complex chemiopreventive activity of resveratrol against various cardio-vascular disorders and cancer.
furthermore , the compound possesses anti-inflammatory activity and positively regulates glucose level and metabolism of adipose tissue.
diet rich in resveratrol promotes longevity and attenuates neurodegenerative diseases.
background : cancer prevalence trends are rarely reported in the published literature , and until now , have not been reported for canada.
results : statistically significant increases in prevalence proportions were observed for most individual cancers , and most prevalence durations studied.
aging of the population contributed to these increases.
relatively large increases were observed for liver and thyroid cancer , while decreases occurred for cancers of the larynx and cervix uteri.
interpretation : information on how and why trends vary by cancer can inform resource allocation planning.
rpe injury or degeneration may unlock mitotic block mediated by contact inhibition but may also promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( emt ) contributing to retinal blindness.
prolonged p120 sirna knockdown followed by withdrawal further expanded rpe into more compact monolayers with a normal phenotype and a higher density.
health systems worldwide are grappling with the need to control costs to maintain system viability.
common cost control mechanisms , e.g. curtailment of patient access and treatment prioritization , are likely to be adversely viewed by citizens.
it seems therefore wise to include them in the decision making processes that lead up to policy changes.
here we focus on preferences for patients ' characteristics ( medical aspects , lifestyle and socio-economic status ) as possible criteria for prioritizing medical services.
a questionnaire with closed response options was fielded to gain insight into attitudes toward broad prioritization criteria of patient groups.
both the questionnaire and the discrete choice experiment were performed with the same sample.
the citizens ' own health and social situation are included as explanatory variables.
data were evaluated using corresponding analysis , contingency analysis , logistic regression and a multinomial exploded logit model.
the results show that some medical criteria are highly accepted for prioritizing patients whereas socio-economic criteria are rejected.
the current study investigated whether age increased the variability in text based global inference generation a measure of crystallized intelligence.
global inference generation requires the integration of textual information and world knowledge and can be expressed as a gist or lesson.
the older two groups showed greater variability , with the middle elderly group being most variable.
these findings suggest that variability may be a characteristic of both fluid and crystallized intelligence in aging.
an enhanced understanding of how normal aging alters brain structure is urgently needed for the early diagnosis and treatment of age-related mental diseases.
structural magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is a reliable technique used to detect age-related changes in the human brain.
currently , multivariate pattern analysis ( mvpa ) enables the exploration of subtle and distributed changes of data obtained from structural mri images.
in this study , a new mvpa approach based on sparse representation has been employed to investigate the anatomical covariance patterns of normal aging.
two groups of participants ( group 1 : 290 participants ; group 2 : 56 participants ) were evaluated in this study.
these two groups were scanned with two @number@ t mri machines.
in the first group , we obtained the discriminative patterns using a t-test filter and sparse representation step.
the experimental results showed that the selected voxels may be categorized into two components according to the two steps in the proposed method.
the first component focuses on the precentral and postcentral gyri , and the caudate nucleus , which play an important role in sensorimotor tasks.
the strongest volume reduction with age was observed in these clusters.
the second component is mainly distributed over the cerebellum , thalamus , and right inferior frontal gyrus.
these regions are not only critical nodes of the sensorimotor circuitry but also the cognitive circuitry although their volume shows a relative resilience against aging.
patients and methods : eighty-four eyes from @number@ healthy adult volunteers were included.
correlations of choroidal thickness at each location with age , refractive error , and axial length were analyzed.
a correlation was found between choroidal thickness , age , refractive error , and axial length at all locations.
conclusion : mean subfoveal choroidal thickness in healthy adults is approximately @number@ μm.
a correlation was found between choroidal thickness and all parameters studied.
however , the mechanisms by which these processes are linked remain largely elusive.
murine tumors lacking sirt3 exhibit abnormally high levels of ros that directly induce genomic instability and increase hypoxia-inducible factor 1α ( hif-1α ) protein levels.
the subsequent transcription of hifα-dependent target genes results in cellular metabolic reprogramming and increased cellular glucose consumption.
in addition , agents that scavenge ros or reverse the warburg effect prevent the transformation and malignant phenotype observed in cells lacking sirt3.
thus , mice lacking sirt3 provide a model that mechanistically connects aberrant ros , the warburg effect , and carcinogenesis.
objective : it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to aging and metabolic disorders.
yet there are few studies of the relationship between bone mineral density ( bmd ) and mitochondrial content in humans.
we investigated the relationship between bmd and mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) copy number in peripheral blood of postmenopausal women.
methods : the study included @number@ postmenopausal women.
enrolled subjects were taking no medications and had no disorders that altered bone metabolism.
we measured bmd using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and leukocyte mtdna copy number using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
anthropometric evaluations and biochemical tests were performed.
results : patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis had lower mtdna copy numbers than normal subjects ( p < @number@ ) .
conclusion : low mtdna content in peripheral blood is related to decreased femoral neck bmd in postmenopausal women.
our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a potential pathophysiologic mechanism of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
here we discuss whether the discrepancies in different studies are merely methodological or inherently related to individual differences in responsiveness to the drug.
this article contains a brief synopsis on nonpathological aspects of the neuropsychology of aging and cognitive health.
as these age-related changes diminish cognitive reserve , the decline in the related cognitive domains emerges.
ways to protect and improve cognitive health are suggested to encourage positive neuroplasticity and discourage negative neuroplasticity.
implications for nursing practice are provided.
the rate of bone loss varies across the aging period via multiple complex mechanisms.
therefore , the role of genetic factors on bone loss may also change similarly.
in this study , we investigated the effect of age on the genetic component of bone loss in a large twin-based longitudinal study.
we then estimated heritability of the changes in bmd measures between these age ranges.
heritability estimates for cross-sectional hip and spine bmd were high ( ranging between @percent@ and @percent@ ) at different ages.
these estimates decreased with increasing age , and there appeared to be no heritability of bmd changes after the age of @number@ years.
there was some evidence at the spine for shared genetic effects between cross-sectional and longitudinal bmd.
first , what is the relative strength of socioeconomic versus behavioral risk factors in explaining race differences in crp levels ?
second , what role does gender play in understanding race differences ?
does the relative role of socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors in explaining race differences vary when examining men and women separately ?
results : when examining men and women separately , socioeconomic and behavioral risk factor mediators vary in their importance.
for women aged 57-74 , however , behavioral risk factors explain @percent@ of the relationship between race and crp.
results : participation in voluntary organizations was associated with higher positive affect , higher life satisfaction , and fewer depressive symptoms in younger adults.
in older adults , it was related to higher life satisfaction only among working individuals , although the difference from nonworking individuals was not significant.
volunteer work was associated with higher positive affect in both age groups.
in younger adults , it had no relation to life satisfaction and depressive symptoms.
in older adults , it was related to higher life satisfaction among nonworking individuals and to fewer depressive symptoms among those without a steady partner.
discussion : volunteer work but not participation in voluntary organizations yielded compensatory effects on mental health among older adults.
background : frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) is characterised clinically by progressive changes in behaviour and personality ; these changes are followed by cognitive disorder.
ftd needs to be differentiated from other forms of dementia and from psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia.
both ftd and schizophrenia lead to cognitive disorders and particularly to executive impairments.
aim : to compare executive and general cognitive functioning in patients with ftd and in patients with schizophrenia in later life.
further studies are needed in order to differentiate between the two illnesses.
urine concentrating ability is reduced during normal aging in people and rats.
the abundance of many of the key transport proteins that contribute to urine concentrating ability is reduced in the kidney medulla of aged rats.
purpose : to report the refractive changes after cataract surgery and intraocular lens ( iol ) implantation in hong kong chinese children.
patients were stratified into groups according to their age at iol implantation for analysis.
there was no significant difference in myopic shift between eyes that were operated on and those that were not.
the mean rate of myopic shift also decreases with age.
the refractive development of the pseudophakic eyes was not significantly different from the fellow phakic eyes.
methods : eysenck personality inventory was used at both occasions.
demographic factors ( educational level , marital status , having children ) were registered.
results : seventy-five-year-olds examined in 2005-2006 had higher values on extroversion and lower values on the lie scale compared with those examined in 1976-1977.
neuroticism did not differ between the two birth cohorts.
neuroticism levels remained unchanged , suggesting this trait may be less influenced by environmental factors than the other traits studied.
if unaccounted for , this high degree of homology can cause serious genotyping or sequencing errors.
because both snps are located in the @number@ untranslated region of foxo3a , they could be of functional relevance for the longevity phenotype.
we studied the effect of birth size on glucose and insulin metabolism among old non-diabetic individuals.
we also explored the combined effect of birth size and midlife body mass index ( bmi ) on type @number@ diabetes in old age.
our study comprised @number@ icelanders whose birth records included anthropometrical data.
type @number@ diabetes was determined as having a history of diabetes , using glucose-modifying medication or fasting glucose of > 7.0 mmol / l.
of the participants , @number@ had prevalent type @number@ diabetes in old age.
lower birth weight and body length were associated with higher fasting glucose , insulin , homa-ir and hba1c among old non-diabetic individuals.
excessive weight gain in adulthood might be particularly detrimental to the health of old individuals with low birth weight.
proximal humerus fractures are the third most common fracture in elderly patients.
hemiarthroplasty has been the treatment of choice in patients with bone quality and fracture patterns not amenable to open reduction and internal fixation.
reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a newer option that appears to be less dependent on tuberosity healing than hemiarthroplasty.
validated outcome scores were used to assess satisfaction , function , and general well-being.
twenty-three patients were treated for acute proximal humerus fractures ( @number@ reverse total shoulder arthroplasties and @number@ hemiarthroplasties ) .
three patients were lost to follow-up , and @number@ patients were deceased.
mean follow-up was @number@ years ( range , @number@.3-8 years ) .
improved functional outcomes when compared with hemiarthroplasty must be balanced against the increased cost and limited life expectancy of patients with this injury.
progressive dna damage and mitochondrial decline are both considered to be prime instigators of natural ageing.
traditionally , these two pathways have been viewed largely in isolation.
however , recent studies have revealed a molecular circuit that directly links dna damage to compromised mitochondrial biogenesis and function via p53.
glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumor.
ninety percent of adult gbm patients die within @number@ months after diagnosis.
the etiology of gbm is unknown.
the japan hawaii cancer study provides data on incident cancer cases in the hhp / haas cohort.
we used data from these studies to obtain epidemiologic information about gbm.
gbm cases were identified by searching the 1965-1998 databases using international classification of diseases ( icd-9 ) codes.
nine histologically confirmed gbm cases , 58-80 years old , were identified.
the incidence rate was @number@.2 / 100 , 000 person-years.
records of each case were reviewed.
selected variables from the first three examinations ( 1965-1968 ; 1968-1970 ; 1971-1974 ) were used to identify potential candidate gbm risk factors.
a multivariate cox proportional hazards model showed sugar intake and occupational exposure to carbon tetrachloride were independently and significantly associated with development of gbm.
little is known about how persons with dementia and their care partners respond to mealtime changes that occur throughout the dementia journey.
by interviewing @number@ persons living with dementia and their @number@ care partners , we explored the meaning and experience of change surrounding mealtimes.
seminal events compounded by a sense of things being different triggered awareness of mealtime changes.
meaning was attached to mealtime changes , observed through emotions experienced and diverse strategies developed to support mealtime values.
responding to change ranged from resisting , to being in a holding pattern , to transforming and adapting.
objective : this commentary offers a discussion of the need to consider behavioral interventions such as physical exercise as integral components of personalized medicine.
methods : we discuss the concept of personalized medicine and review existing evidence of variability in response to exercise training.
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) seem to be involved in aging as well as in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
during aging , ages accumulate in extracellular matrix proteins like collagen and contribute to vessel stiffness.
whether non-invasive measurement of age accumulation in the skin may reflect vessel function and vessel protein modification is unknown.
collagen types i and iii ( pepsin digestible collagen fraction ) were isolated from the veins of @number@ patients by proteolysis.
the residual collagen fraction was further extracted by collagenase digestion.
collagen was quantified by hydroxyproline assay and ages by the age intrinsic fluorescence.
skin autofluorescence was measured with an autofluorescence reader ; pulse wave velocity with the vicorder.
the collagen age autofluorescence in patient vein graft material increased with patient age.
the pepsin digestible collagen fraction was significantly less modified in comparison to the collagenase digestible fraction.
decreasing amounts of extracted collagenase digestible collagen correspond with increasing age autofluorescence.
skin autofluorescence and vessel stiffness were significantly linked to the age autofluorescence of the collagenase digestible collagen fraction from graft material.
aim of the study was to analyze temporal trends in prevalence of hyponatremia over four decades in different settings.
@number@ studies were included.
in nursing homes pem prevalence of mild hyponatremia was @percent@ ( 95%ci @date@ @number@ ) .
the higher prevalence on geriatric wards could partly be explained by age-related changes in the regulation of serum sodium.
other underlying factors can be the presence of multiple diagnoses and the use of polypharmacy.
estrogens have been shown to be protective agents against neurodegeneration and associated cognitive decline in aging females.
however , clinical data have been equivocal as to the benefits to the brain and cognition of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.
one factor that is proposed to be critical in determining the efficacy of hormone therapy is the timing of its initiation.
in contrast , if estrogens are administered during a critical period near the time of cessation of ovarian function , they will exert beneficial effects.
the focus of the current review is the examination of evidence from rodent models investigating the critical period hypothesis.
objectives : to investigate whether there are racial differences in gait velocity in elderly adults.
design : cross-sectional analysis.
setting : bronx , new york.
measurements : demographic characteristics , medical history , geriatric depression scale , blessed test , total pain index , gait velocity.
pain levels were not significantly different between caucasians and african americans.
this difference persisted after adjusting for multiple covariates.
differences in common factors known to influence gait did not explain a @number@.79-cm / s slower gait speed in african americans than caucasians.
conclusion : differences in gait velocity persist between african americans and caucasians despite adjusting for many confounders.
increases of just @number@ cm / s are associated with lower mortality.
objectives : to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake , physical activity , and all-cause mortality in older women.
design : six cox proportional hazards models examined independent and additive relationships between physical activity , carotenoids , and all-cause mortality.
additional models tested whether physical activity and carotenoids were conjointly related to mortality.
models were adjusted for age , education , and race and ethnicity.
setting : baltimore , maryland.
participants : seven hundred thirteen women aged @number@ to @number@ participating in the women's health and aging studies.
measurements : total serum carotenoids , a marker of fruit and vegetable intake , and physical activity were measured at baseline.
physical activity was measured according to kilocalorie expenditure.
results : during @number@ years of follow-up , @number@ ( @percent@ ) participants died.
measured continuously , physical activity improved survival ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.41-0.66 , p < @number@ ) .
continuous measures of carotenoids improved survival ( hr = @number@ @percent@ ci = @number@.51-0.89 , p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : the combination of low total serum carotenoids and low physical activity , both modifiable risk factors , strongly predicted earlier mortality.
these findings provide preliminary support that higher fruit and vegetable intake and exercise improve survival.
objectives : to describe transitions in care of persons with dementia with attention to nursing facility transitions.
design : prospective cohort.
setting : public health system.
participants : four thousand one hundred ninety-seven community-dwelling older adults.
for the @number@ participants with dementia , @percent@ of transitions to nursing facilities were transfers from hospitals.
of participants with dementia with a rehospitalization within @number@ days , @percent@ had been discharged to nursing facilities from the index hospitalization.
conclusion : individuals with dementia live and frequently die in community settings.
nursing facilities are part of a dynamic network of care characterized by frequent transitions.
alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid , primarily composed of the amyloid β-protein ( aβ ) .
a growing body of evidence indicates that oligomeric forms of aβ play a critical role in disease causation.
soybean isoflavones are flavonoids with an isoflavone backbone.
isoflavones have been reported to protect against aβ-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cell systems , the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
our previous studies demonstrated that red wine-related flavonoids with a flavone backbone are able to inhibit aβ assembly and destabilize preformed aβ aggregates.
we speculated that glycitein's anti-amyloidogenic properties are specifically mediated by its binding to aβ monomers , oligomers and fibrils.
isoflavones may hold promise as a treatment option for preventative strategies targeting amyloid formation in alzheimer's disease.
purpose : the magnitude of the far interpupillary distance ( fipd ) has recognized significance within and beyond clinical optometry.
the results of these analyses are considered here , along with their potential application.
conclusions : this new anthropometric survey indicates that inter- and intra-gender interocular facial measurement stability is a characteristic of presbyopic subjects.
children completed subtests of the delis-kaplan executive function system ( d-kefs ) , and their primary caregivers completed the vineland adaptive behavior scales-ii.
data were analyzed using regression analyses.
results : analyses showed that ef measures were predictive of adaptive abilities , and significant interactions between d-kefs measures and group were present.
in contrast , for the alc group , this relation was specific to the nonverbal ef measures.
in the con group , performance on ef tasks did not predict adaptive scores over the influence of age.
however , the relation between ef and adaptive ability differed by group , suggesting unique patterns of abilities in these children.
these results provide enhanced understanding of adaptive deficits in these populations , as well as demonstrate the ecological validity of laboratory measures of ef.
sexual health across the life course is influenced by biological and psychosocial factors.
findings portray sexuality as an important aspect of old age , with sexual intercourse being construed as having physical and spiritual consequences.
gender differences were dominant on sexual desire and pleasure in old age.
participants ' views on causes of sexual dysfunction identified biological , psychosocial and spiritual factors.
sexual decline in old age was considered redeemable with the support of biomedical and traditional medicines.
however , only traditional medicine was considered beneficial in addressing sexual dysfunctions that had spiritual dimensions.
people with i / dd have faced a number of health disparities , including health care professionals unprepared to meet their health needs.
this article will review age- and health-related clinical considerations among individuals aging with i / dd.
tabulated treatment planning will also present algorithms summarizing a logical approach to the treatment of more-minor grades of scarring.
intra-oral examinations were performed by one of six dentists calibrated to w.h.o. standards.
results : approximately one in four pre-seniors and seniors reported at least one ohrqol impact ' fairly / very often'.
the most commonly reported impacts were within the dimensions ' physical pain ' and ' psychological discomfort'.
pre-seniors living in the community scored significantly higher than community dwelling seniors on prevalence , extent and severity of ohip-14 scores.
conclusions : findings indicate that the oral health and ohrqol of both pre-seniors and seniors in ltc residents is poor.
community dwelling pre-seniors have the highest prevalence rate of oral impacts.
bisexuals reported significantly greater problems with depression , anxiety , and suicidality than either heterosexual or lesbian or gay elders.
mental health and substance abuse treatment utilization was low among all elders with problems.
implications for assessment , access to care , and group-specific services delivery are discussed.
purpose : to assess the effect of aging on optical quality in a normal population.
we took these measurements three times each , and the mean value obtained was used for statistical analysis.
we investigated the relationships between subject age and these optical quality parameters.
we also found a significant positive correlation between subject age and osi ( r = @number@ p < @number@ ) .
this study investigated the meanings and etiologies of hallucinations in persons with dementia.
participants were @number@ nursing home residents aged ≥ @number@ diagnosed with dementia.
all participants who were reported to experience a hallucination had poor vision.
the classification of hallucinations into subtypes may not be meaningful , and most visual and auditory hallucinations were not associated with negative affect.
some hallucinations occurred out of boredom , which exacerbated the sensory deprivation experienced by these persons , thereby increasing the likelihood of hallucinations.
skeletal muscle mitochondrial content varies extensively between human subjects.
the purpose of this study was to determine how closely associated these commonly used biochemical measures are to muscle mitochondrial content and oxphos.
sixteen young healthy male subjects were recruited for this study.
subjects completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2peak ) and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis.
mitochondrial content was determined using transmission electron microscopy imaging and oxphos was determined as the maximal coupled respiration in permeabilized fibres.
spearman correlation coefficient tests and lin's concordance tests were applied to assess the absolute and relative association between the markers and mitochondrial content or oxphos.
neural networks supporting memory function decline with increasing age.
accumulation of amyloid-β , a histopathological finding in alzheimer's disease , is a likely contributor.
posteromedial cortices ( pmcs ) are particularly vulnerable to early amyloid pathology and play a role in both encoding and retrieval processes.
impaired ability to modulate activity was associated with increasing age , greater amyloid burden , and worse memory performance.
in contrast , the hippocampus showed increased activity during both encoding and retrieval , which was not related to these variables.
these findings support a specific link between amyloid pathology and neural dysfunction in pmc and elucidate the underpinnings of age-related memory dysfunction.
this study investigates seasonal variation in leg strength in a longitudinal repeated measures design concurrently with serum vitamin d and physical activity.
leg strength , serum [ 25 ( oh ) d ] and physical activity levels were measured.
time spent outside was recorded.
monthly falls diaries recorded falls.
data were analysed to determine annual means and percentage changes.
low mean ankle strength was associated with increased incidence of falling ( p = @number@ ) .
quadriceps strength did not change ( ±2% ; p = @number@ ) .
conclusion : ankle dorsiflexor strength varied seasonally.
increased ankle strength in summer may be influenced by increased levels of outdoors activity over the summer months.
reduced winter-time dorsiflexor strength may predispose older people to increased risk of tripping-related falls , and warrants investigation in a multi-faceted falls prevention programme.
purpose : retrospective studies of inpatients with cancer suggest that a cancer diagnosis confers a high risk of falls.
risk-factor assessment was conducted on initial encounter.
patients underwent follow-up via weekly telephone contact for @number@ months or until time of fall or death.
relationship between covariates and time to fall was examined using hazard ratios ( hrs ) derived from univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards models.
median time to fall was @number@ days ( @percent@ ci , @number@ to @number@ ) .
conclusion : fifty percent of adults with advanced cancer , regardless of age , will experience a fall associated with high risk of physical injury.
there is a compelling need to assess the efficacy of assessment and management of modifiable fall risk factors in patients with advanced cancer.
previous studies on colorectal cancer ( crc ) yielded inconsistent results , but lacked information on covariates.
thus , the authors investigated the association of beta blocker use and crc risk in a large population-based case-control study ( dachs study ) .
the association of crc risk and beta blocker use and subclasses of beta blockers was estimated by multiple logistic regression.
in addition , site- and stage-specific analyses were performed.
conclusions : our adjusted results do not support the hypothesis that beta blocker use is associated with decreased risk of crc.
in contrast , we found a positive association of long-term beta blocker use and risk of stage iv crc.
the latter result should be further evaluated in future studies.
aim of the present investigation was the assessment of magnitude and distribution of subjective menopausal complaints in the german population.
study participants included @number@ @number@ women aged 14-92 years , completing the menopause rating scale ( mrs ii ) .
a total of @percent@ of the women exhibited considerable / severe menopausal complaints.
symptoms as sleep problems , joint and muscular discomfort , heart discomfort and physical and mental exhaustion increased drastically with advancing age.
hot flushes / sweating were the only symptoms specifically assigned to the menopausal period.
it is concluded that menopausal symptoms referred to in the literature must be questioned to be phase specific.
further research on aetiological factors is needed.
wiedemann-rautenstrauch syndrome ( wrs ) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that includes premature aging phenotype at birth.
the condition is also known as a neonatal progeroid syndrome.
up to now only a few published case reports have been documented.
the syndrome is characterized by progeroid appearance , decreased subcutaneous fat , hypotrichosis , macrocephaly , and in some natal teeth.
the life expectancy of persons with prader-willi syndrome ( pws ) has increased in recent years.
twelve persons with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of pws aged over @number@ years are described ( @number@ deletion ; @number@ mupd ) .
data on physical , behavioral , psychiatric , and aging characteristics were collected through semi-structured interviews with the individuals with pws and their main carers.
cardiovascular diseases , diabetes , dermatological , and orthopedic problems were common physical complaints in older people with pws.
seven out of eight persons with mupd had a history of psychiatric illness.
behavioral problems were observed in the older age group.
the care for older people with pws requires a lifespan approach that recognizes the presence , progression , and consequences of specific morbidity.
in this study , younger and older adults studied word pairs before choosing half of the word pairs for restudy.
older and younger learners chose the same types of items for restudy , but the effectiveness of these choices differed greatly by age.
for young learners , memory was superior in the honor condition , but older learners actually revealed numerically higher performance in the dishonor condition.
this reveals a dramatic failure of metacognitive control , in the absence of any obvious monitoring deficit , in older adults.
implications for models of self-regulated learning are discussed.
hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder remains prevalent in hiv-infected individuals despite effective antiretroviral therapy.
as these individuals age , comorbid cerebrovascular disease will likely impact cognitive function.
effective tools to study this impact are needed.
this study used diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) to characterize brain microstructural changes in hiv-infected individuals with and without cerebrovascular risk factors.
tensors were calculated to obtain fractional anisotropy ( fa ) and mean diffusivity ( md ) maps.
statistical comparisons accounting for multiple comparisons were made between groups with and without cerebrovascular risk factors.
there were no detectable correlations between the neuroimaging measures and measures of cognition.
in summary , we demonstrate that brain microstructural abnormalities are associated with abnormal glucose metabolism in the caudate and hippocampus of hiv-infected individuals.
blood pressure naturally rises with increasing age.
population-wide generalizations regarding diet are impractical as individualized strategies are more likely to be successful in facilitating long-term benefits in improving blood-pressure control.
providing education on the relationship between diet and blood pressure from an early age is most likely to produce tangible benefits.
background : little is known about how the relationship between chronic disease , impairment , and disability has changed over time among older adults.
objective : to examine how the associations of chronic disease and impairment with specific disability have changed over time.
subjects : the subjects included @number@ @number@ and @number@ community-dwelling adults aged @number@ years and above in @number@ @number@ and @number@
objectives : to present the theoretical framework , available measurements and models for promoting work ability.
objective : evidence is emerging that delirium duration is a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors.
measurements : delirium was evaluated with the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit and cognitive outcomes were tested at @number@ and 12-month follow-up.
results : a total of @number@ patients with a median age of @number@ yrs completed the diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging protocol.
these associations persisted at @number@ months for the genu ( @number@ p = .02 ) and splenium ( @number@ p = @number@ ) .
similarly , white matter disruption was associated with worse cognitive scores up to @number@ months later.
this hypothesis-generating investigation may help design future studies to explore these complex relationships in greater depth.
fabp4 and nefa were measured on specimens collected between @number@ and @number@
results : mean age of the @number@ subjects studied was @number@ years.
there was a modest and nonsignificant association of nefa with diabetes ( p ( trend ) = @number@ ) .
conclusions : plasma fabp4 was positively associated with incident diabetes in older adults , and such association was statistically significant in lean men only.
a significant positive association between plasma nefa and incident diabetes was observed during the first @number@ years of follow-up.
the distinct sites of collagen cleavage generated by collagenases and cathepsin k in healthy and oa human femoral condylar cartilages were identified and compared.
in very degenerate oa specimens , with significant disruption of the articular surface , staining was distributed throughout most of the cartilage matrix.
unlabelled : what's known on the subject ? and what does the study add ?
prostate growth is ruled by testosterone.
objectives : • low testosterone levels have been related to a higher diagnosis of prostate cancer ( pca ) .
conclusion : • patients with pca and lower testosterone levels have poor prognosis factors and higher tumour burden before treatment onset.
these findings reinforce the idea that low testosterone levels pretreatment are related to a poor prognosis in pca.
dietary consumption of fruit , vegetables , fish , and olive oil has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on human health.
this finding may be due to the high content of antioxidant compounds including polyphenols.
apoptosis is a genetically controlled and evolutionarily conserved form of cell death of critical importance for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the adult organism.
the malfunction of the death machinery may play a primary role in various pathologic processes , leading to proliferative or degenerative diseases.
because of their ability to modulate cell death , polyphenols have been proposed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents.
purpose : jerte valley cherries contain high levels of tryptophan , serotonin , and melatonin.
these molecules have been shown to be involved in mood regulation.
moreover there is growing evidence that altered hpa activity is associated with various age-related pathologies.
methods : cortisol and 5-hiaa acid levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
the mood state profile was analysed using a visual analogue scale and the state-trait anxiety inventory.
oxidative stress ( os ) and damages due to excessive reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are common causes of injuries to cells and organisms.
this text reviews some recent published articles about the role of os in nd.
since there are many reviews in this field , the focus was centered in articles published recently.
the search engine looked for the terms ' oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases and nutrition ' in @number@ different scientific collections.
biochemical markers for nd lack sensitivity or specificity for diagnosis or for tracking response to therapy today.
os has an intimate connection with nd , albeit low levels of ros seem to protect the brain.
the interaction of genes with their environment , may explain nd.
interventions in vitro , in vivo , and in humans will continue to contribute for a better understanding of these pathologies.
age may affect coronary flow reserve ( cfr ) especially in subjects with atherosclerotic risk factors ( arfs ) .
cfr was calculated as the ratio between hyperemic and resting coronary diastolic peak velocities.
patients were divided in age quartiles.
cfr was progressively reduced with aging ( 1st quartile : @number@ ± @number@ 4th quartile : @number@ ± @number@ p < @number@ ) .
aging reduces coronary flow reserve in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries due to a gradual increase of resting coronary flow velocity.
cfr is also affected by atherosclerotic risk factors and left ventricular hypertrophy.
touch-screen technology was used as a platform for user interaction.
the nutritional content was based on previous nutrition studies and a lifestyle education package on healthy aging , which contains four modules.
the findings showed positive feedback and acceptance.
most subjects agreed that the digital nutritional education package can increase their nutritional knowledge for a healthy lifestyle and is easy to use.
the touch-screen technology was also well accepted by elderly people and can be used as a kiosk for disseminating nutrition education for healthy aging.
objective : although attachment dynamics are thought to be important across the life span , relatively few studies have examined attachment processes beyond young adulthood.
extant research on age differences in attachment orientation has yielded conflicting results and interpretations.
the purpose of this study was to provide a more complete picture of age-related differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance.
method : we examined attachment anxiety and avoidance in @number@ internet respondents ( @percent@ female ) ranging in age from @number@ to @number@
results : we found that attachment anxiety was highest among younger adults and lowest among middle-aged and older adults.
attachment avoidance showed less dramatic age differences overall but was highest among middle-aged adults and lowest among younger and older adults.
in addition , partnered individuals reported lower levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance compared to single individuals , particularly in younger and older adulthood.
women also reported slightly higher anxiety and avoidance compared to men , especially in young adulthood.
conclusions : findings are discussed in the context of life span changes in social roles , normative personality development , and emotion regulation throughout adulthood.
aim : to assess the histological changes that occur after methyl aminolevulinate ( mal ) plus red-light therapy for facial photodamage.
methods : this was a prospective , double-blind , double-arm , randomized , placebo-controlled trial of mal plus red light in patients with facial photodamage.
a 3-mm punch biopsy was taken from each side of the face before randomization and start of therapy.
results : in total , @number@ women were initially screened for eligibility , but skin samples from only @number@ of these were analysed.
the change in dermal thickness from baseline to postintervention was significant ( p < @number@ wilcoxon signed rank test ) .
similarly , the changes in dermal thickness obtained with the two treatments were not significant ( p = @number@ mann-whitney test ) .
histological improvement was seen using stains for collagen , elastic tissue , and perifollicular fibrosis after mal plus red light therapy.
although these differences were not significant , most of the histopathological features examined in our study improved after treatment with mal plus red light.
the human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting.
however , exposure to the very intense ambient radiation can pose a hazard particularly if the recipient is over @number@ years of age.
this study explores the effects of early-life and middle-life conditions on exceptional longevity using two matched case-control studies.
the first study compares @number@ validated centenarians born in the united states between @number@ and @number@ to their shorter-lived siblings.
paternal age and birth order were not associated with exceptional longevity.
the second study explores whether people living to @number@ years and beyond differ in physical characteristics at a young age from their shorter-lived peers.
individual age at death was related to military height measurement at age @number@
differential longevity of conscripts at older ages was investigated through the comparison of age-specific mortality rates and life expectancy estimates.
results indicated that short conscripts ( < 161.1 cm ) generally had higher survival rates than their tall peers ( ≥ @number@ cm ) .
at @number@ years of age , tall peers were expected to live two years less than short conscripts.
biological mechanisms were examined in relation to the greater longevity of shorter people.
self-rated health , extraversion , and openness to experience were associated with a younger subjective age at older ages.
conscientious individuals felt more mature early in life.
conscientiousness , neuroticism , and agreeableness were not related to subjective age at older ages.
these findings suggest that with aging self-rated health and personality traits are increasingly important for subjective age.
changes in task performance that accompany healthy aging are often attributed to age-impaired inhibitory control.
in experiment @number@ with distractors presented as abrupt onsets , we replicated maylor and lavie's ( @number@ ) effect.
we conclude that age-related differences in basic bottom-up processes may contribute to many purported declines in higher-level functioning in older people.
thirty young and @number@ aging bilinguals completed a cued language-switching task and a cued color-shape switching task.
in the language task , aging increased language-switching costs in both response times and errors , and language-mixing costs only in response times.
in contrast , the color-shape task exhibited an aging-related increase in costs only in mixing errors.
objective : the elderly population is steadily increasing in the modern world.
the aging of the population has led to an increase in geriatric trauma.
elderly trauma patients present unique challenges and face more significant obstacles in recovery compared to younger patients.
this study is designed to determine the epidemiologic data of trauma in elderly patients and to contribute to the national trauma database.
materials and methods : we prospectively collected the data of trauma patients , aged @number@ and older , presenting to our emergency department.
results : during the study period , @number@ patients , of whom @percent@ were males and @percent@ females , were admitted to our emergency department.
the mean age of , the patients was @number@ + / - @number@ years.
falls ( @percent@ ) accounted for the most common cause of injury.
the mean gcs and mean iss were @time@ @number@ respectively.
trauma to extremities was the most frequent body region of injury ( @percent@ ) .
a total of @number@ patients were hospitalized.
the mean hospital length of stay was @time@ + / - @number@ days.
the mortality rate was found to be @percent@.
head trauma was the most common cause in mortality.
conclusions : the risk of trauma in the elderly population is higher.
further studies are needed for data of elderly trauma patients.
aging is a natural process characterized by progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli and injury.
it is plausible , therefore , that abnormal regulation of the mechanisms of normal aging may contribute to the pathobiology of both copd and ipf.
a better understanding of these abnormalities may help in the design of novel and better therapeutic interventions for these patients.
rationale : ischemic cardiovascular disease represents one of the largest epidemics currently facing the aging population.
current literature has illustrated the efficacy of autologous , stem cell therapies as novel strategies for treating these disorders.
the cd34 + hematopoetic stem cell has shown significant promise in addressing myocardial ischemia by promoting angiogenesis that helps preserve the functionality of ischemic myocardium.
unfortunately , both viability and angiogenic quality of autologous cd34 + cells decline with advanced age and diminished cardiovascular health.
cd34 ( shh ) primarily store and secrete shh protein in exosomes and this storage process appears to be cell-type specific.
objective : very few findings regarding the perceived needs of elderly cancer patients have been reported.
this study investigated needs and psychological distress perceived by and / or quality of life of elderly cancer patients.
methods : randomly selected ambulatory patients with cancer participated in this study.
results : complete data were available for @number@ cancer patients , including @number@ subjects who were over @number@ years old.
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( pml ) is still a underinvestigated central nervous system infection , often linked to hiv-related immunodeficiency.
a 45-year-old patient had hiv infection detected after the appearance of motor abnormalities , in the absence of other signs or symptoms.
combination antiretroviral therapy was started with lamivudine , abacavir and lopinavir / ritonavir , with subsequent addition of efavirenz and enfuvirtide.
clinical and neuroradiological deterioration occurred , and our patient died five months after the diagnosis due to respiratory failure.
recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a link between cognitive decline in late adulthood and sports concussions sustained in early adulthood.
former athletes who sustained their last sports concussion > 3 decades prior to testing were compared with those with no history of traumatic brain injury.
the cognitive deficits correlated with neuroimaging findings in concussed participants.
findings from this study highlight patterns of decline often associated with abnormal aging.
other significant contributors included larger social networks and higher levels of acculturation.
findings suggest that personal views about aging among immigrant elderly populations can be enhanced by promoting physical health , social connectedness , and acculturation.
ways to maintain and improve positive attitudes about personal aging are discussed in a cultural context.
we have previously shown that experimental stroke pathophysiology differs between young adult and aged rats.
focal embolic stroke was performed by middle cerebral artery occlusion with fibrin clot followed by reperfusion with i.v. human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
histological and functional outcomes were measured at @number@ h after middle cerebral artery occlusion with fibrin clot.
aged rats treated with 17β-estradiol had significantly increased infarct volumes compared with placebo-treated aged rats.
young adult rats treated with 17β-estradiol had significantly decreased infarct volumes and improved functional outcome compared with ovariectomized young adult rats.
our results suggest that 17β-estradiol may act in an age-dependent manner in the postischemic rat brain.
in young adult rats , it is neuroprotective ; chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol during aging leads to worsened ischemic brain injury in aged female rats.
interventional studies are required to assess whether thromboembolism can be prevented in this high-risk population.
we here found that esculetin , @number@ , 7-dihydroxycoumarin , strongly induces type i procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
esculetin not only increased protein levels of type i procollagen but also increased mrna levels of col1a1 but not col1a2.
obesity , metabolic syndrome , and diabetes are becoming a leading health concern in the developed countries , due to their link to cardiovascular disease.
these conditions are common in women in the post-menopausal period.
unfortunately , actual lifestyle change strategy fail to prevent cardiovascular events for several reasons , thus specific medications are needed.
androgens exert different actions on organs like adipose tissue , brain , bone , and on cardiovascular system.
however , a debate still exists on the positive role of androgens on human health , especially in women.
furthermore , the vascular effects of androgens remain poorly understood and have been controversial for a long time.
sex hormones are important determinants of body composition.
furthermore , numerous studies showed that total serum testosterone levels were inversely related to the atherosclerosis disease incidence in postmenopausal women.
candidate predictor variables were those of published models that could be obtained from interview or medical record data.
model fit was determined using the c-statistic and evaluated vis-a-vis our replication of a published model.
results : at 2-year follow-up , @percent@ and @percent@ of initially independent persons were adl dependent in the development and validation samples , respectively.
this model had a c-statistic of @number@ in the validation sample.
a model of just age and number of hospitalizations achieved a c-statistic of @number@
these compared with a c-statistic of @number@ for the published model.
sensitivity analyses demonstrated model robustness.
conclusions : models based on a widely available data achieve very good validity for predicting adl dependence.
future work will assess the validity of these models using medical record data.
recent studies on the etiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders revealed a profound impact of neurodevelopmental disturbances on disease predisposition , onset and progression.
the underlying mechanisms of aging-exacerbated effects remain unknown.
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and reactive nitrogen species ( rns ) are known to play vital roles in aging-related mi / r injury.
heretofore , the effects of aging upon ros and rns formation were not investigated in humans , which is the focus of the current study.
due to experimental limitations with clinical trials , an additional animal experiment was performed.
all enrolled acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) patients received percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) therapy.
blood samples were obtained from all study participants at @number@ h and @number@ days post-pci.
no significant differences in plasma nox or nitrotyrosine concentration existed between adult and elderly patients.
furthermore , wbc inos activity in elderly patients was significantly decreased compared to the adult group.
the measurement of ros markers in the rat experiments was consistent and supported human study data.
aging augments ros , which might exacerbate mi / r injury.
additionally , our data support aging-induced changes of rns levels in humans and rats in vivo.
this could in turn lead to shorter telomeres.
cord blood of art-exposed infants exhibited tl shorter than that from infants born to hiv-negative mothers.
placenta also showed evidence of shorter tl after adjustment for relevant covariates.
factors associated with shorter maternal and infant tl included smoking and the use of drugs of addiction in pregnancy.
conclusions : these results suggest that maternal hiv infection or exposure to art has minimal effect on infant leukocyte tl , a reassuring finding.
in contrast , tissues that express higher telomerase activity such as umbilical cord blood and placenta appear comparatively more affected by art.
smoking and the use of drugs of addiction have a negative impact on maternal and infant leukocyte tl , possibly through oxidative telomere damage.
traditionally , soft tissue lifting and redraping have constituted the cornerstone of most facial rejuvenation procedures.
changes in the facial skeleton that occur with aging and their impact on facial appearance have not been well appreciated.
accordingly , failure to address changes in the skeletal foundation of the face may limit the potential benefit of any rejuvenation procedure.
correction of the skeletal framework is increasingly viewed as the new frontier in facial rejuvenation.
it currently is clear that certain areas of the facial skeleton undergo resorption with aging.
these areas resorb in a specific and predictable manner with aging.
the resultant deficiencies of the skeletal foundation contribute to the stigmata of the aging face.
in patients with a congenitally weak skeletal structure , the skeleton may be the primary cause for the manifestations of premature aging.
these areas should be specifically examined in patients undergoing facial rejuvenation and addressed to obtain superior aesthetic results.
level of evidence iv : this journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
the biological aging process is commonly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
recent evidence has depicted a rather unique role of autophagy as another important pathway in the regulation of longevity and senescence.
autophagy is a predominant cytoprotective ( rather than self-destructive ) process.
it carries a prominent role in determination of lifespan.
reduced autophagy has been associated with aging , leading to accumulation of dysfunctional or damaged proteins and organelles.
to the contrary , measures such as caloric restriction and exercise may promote autophagy to delay aging and associated comorbidities.
stimulation of autophagy using rapamycin may represent a novel strategy to prolong lifespan and combat aging-associated diseases.
rapamycin regulates autophagy through inhibition of the nutrient-sensing molecule mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) .
inhibition of mtor through rapamycin and caloric restriction promotes longevity.
background and objective : the cortisol awakening response ( car ) is a useful endocrine marker for the axis activity.
recent studies suggest that the cortisol level influences the expression of the hper1 clock gene which is involved in the generation of biological rhythms.
this study aimed to analyze the relationship between car and hper1 gene expression with respect to human aging.
car was calculated as difference of the cortisol levels at t0 and t30.
the expression of the hper1 gene at @number@ h was determined from oral mucosa cells by relative quantification using h36b4 as house-keeping gene.
additional variables , which may affect the car , were assessed by questionnaire.
relationships between car and other variables were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses.
in both older and young women , the car correlated positively with the hper1 gene expression.
conclusions : the present study documents the influence of cortisol secretion on hper1 gene expression in older women.
the target comprised of @percent@ mvc and @number@ ms.
visual feedback of the force trajectory and target was provided 1s after each trial.
subjects completed @number@ trials and the last @number@ were used for analysis.
motor output variability was quantified as the standard deviation and coefficient of variation ( cv ) of peak force and time to peak force.
the greater peak force error in older adults was associated with changes in the activation of the adm muscle but not the fdi.
specifically , greater peak force error was associated with greater power from 13-30 hz and lesser power from 30-60 hz.
we use quantitative and qualitative data to explore the psychological impact of weight change among american adults.
we further assess whether these relationships are contingent upon one's body mass index ( bmi ) at age @number@
we find a strong inverse association between adult bmi and each of the five outcomes , reflecting the stigma associated with high body weight.
we discuss implications for stigma theory , and the ways that stigma exits and entries affect psychological well-being.
famous and unknown faces were presented in a familiarity categorization task.
eight patients and @number@ elderly adults repeated this task to obtain longitudinal data.
topographical effects were analyzed using pca.
these preliminary findings suggest that n170 / vpp could be modulated by the decline related to pathological cognitive aging.
the accumulation of ages is associated with various disease conditions that include complications in diabetes , alzheimer's disease and aging.
the rate of glycation was evaluated using several analytical methods.
moreover , increasing concentrations of gold nanoparticles exhibited a pronounced reduction in age formation.
high performance liquid chromatography , uv-visible spectroscopy and circular dichroism analytical methods provide reliable techniques for evaluating age formation of hsa adducts.
the activity and regulation of the axis has been related to cognitive decline during aging.
this study investigated whether the cortisol awakening response ( car ) is related to memory performance among older adults.
the sample was composed of @number@ participants ( @number@ men and @number@ women ) from @number@ to @number@ years old.
recent reports of functional and anatomical studies have provided evidence that aberrant neural connectivity lies at the heart of many mental disorders.
information related to neural networks has elucidated the nonlinear dynamical complexity in brain signals over a range of temporal scales.
although many studies have underpinned aberrant neural connectivity , findings related to complexity behavior are still inconsistent.
first , most mental disorders are heterogeneous in their clinical feature or intrinsic pathological mechanisms.
second , neurophysiologic output signals from complex brain connectivity might be characterized with multiple time scales or frequencies.
finally , age-related brain complexity changes must be considered when investigating pathological brain because typical brain complexity is not constant across generations.
future systematic studies addressing these issues will greatly expand our knowledge of neural connections and dynamics related to mental disorders.
existing guidelines for testing developmental neurotoxicity ( dnt ) propose investigations in rodents , which are ethically questionable as well as time and cost intensive.
thus , there is international agreement that predictive in vitro methods are needed to increase efficiency of testing and limit the number of animals used.
effects of practice on a conflict task in elderly individuals are examined with a focus on its impact on executive function in working memory.
by contrast , a control group , which did not practice , showed no significant increases in these regions.
purpose : we sought to determine whether widowhood-associated excess mortality differs by gender in terms of causes of death.
baseline characteristics were used to derive the risk score ( rs ) to reflect individual's baseline pre-widowhood vulnerability.
time-dependent cox regression analyses were used to estimate spousal loss-related mortality by causes.
in contrast , the corresponding ahrs were relatively homogeneous for women ( @number@ and @number@ ) .
conclusions : identifying gender heterogeneity in widowhood effects can guide further efforts to devise gender-tailored programs to enhance healthy aging.
we used a risk set sampling method to prospectively select @number@ incident chd events and @number@ matched controls.
rbc membrane fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography.
the chd cases were ascertained using an annual follow-up questionnaire and validated by an end point committee through a review of the medical records.
in conclusion , our data showed a positive association between rbc membrane cis-palmitoleic acid and chd risk in male physicians.
furthermore , rbc membrane cis-vaccenic acid was inversely related to chd.
objective : anti-müllerian hormone ( amh ) has been evaluated by several groups as a potential novel clinical marker of ovarian reserve.
in this study we aim to calculate the age-by-age normal values of circulating amh.
in addition , we report on amh levels in women according to bmi , smoking status and reproductive history.
study design : the study was performed at the institute of obstetrics and gynecology , university of modena , between @date@ and @date@ .
a total of @number@ healthy women ( aged 18-51 ) were recruited and serum amh levels were measured for all of them.
the centiles of amh distribution were estimated with the cg-lms method.
results : serum amh concentrations show a progressive decline with female ageing.
age-related nomograms for the 5th , 25th , 50th , 75th , and 95th percentiles of amh were produced.
mean amh concentrations were not modified by smoking habit and bmi and were independent of parity of the women.
conclusion : in the present study , we established age-specific reference values for circulating amh levels in the eumenorrheic female population.
results : three preclinical stages of ad were proposed : asymptomatic amyloidosis , asymptomatic amyloidosis + neurodegeneration , amyloidosis + neurodegeneration + subtle cognitive decline.
it is necessary to refine these models with longitudinal clinical research studies.
the symptomatic predementia phase of ad was referred to as mci due to ad.
criteria for all-cause dementia and for ad dementia were presented.
conclusions : in the revised criteria , a conceptual distinction is made between ad pathophysiological processes and clinically observable syndromes.
considerable work is needed to validate the criteria that use biomarkers and to standardize biomarker analysis for use in community settings.
objectives : we sought to determine the relationship of ad to the presence and morphological features in coronary and thoracic atherosclerosis.
methods : in @number@ patients ( @number@ ± @number@ years , @percent@ male ) , retrospectively-gated mdct were performed.
ad was calculated as maximum change in area / ( minimum area × pulse pressure ) .
coronary and thoracic plaques were categorized as calcified , mixed , or non-calcified.
ad was not associated with non-calcified coronary plaque or when age was added to the models ( all p > 0.39 ) .
local ad was lower at locations of calcified and mixed thoracic plaque when compared to non-calcified thoracic atherosclerosis ( p < 0.04 ) .
this was further supported by the lack of significant correlations between the single-trial ne / ern amplitude and error-related reaction times.
however , we argue that the signal still reached the necessary threshold to trigger normal post-error adjustments.
finally , the early pe showed a reduction in amplitude and an increase in latency for middle-aged compared to young adults.
this study provides evidence for age-related functional decline in visual and auditory processing , and regional alterations in functional brain processing , using non-invasive neuroimaging.
results : younger adults showed greater overall levels of temporal and occipital cortical activation than older adults for both auditory and visual stimuli.
the relative change in activity as a function of stimulus presentation rate showed differences between young and older participants.
conclusions : our preliminary findings show an age-related decline in demand-related , passive early sensory processing.
as stimulus demand increases , visual and auditory cortex do not show increases in activity in older compared to younger people.
this may negatively impact on the fidelity of information available to higher cognitive processing.
such evidence may inform future studies focused on cognitive decline in aging.
changes in social interactions with owners and other dogs are frequently observed in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome ( cds ) .
the aim of this work was to assess the effect of age and severity of cds on social responsiveness.
this is the second part of a 2-part report on spontaneous activity in pet dogs.
the severity of cognitive impairment was considered in the last group and dogs were categorised as having either mild or severe cds.
the influence of the person and the mirror on locomotion and exploratory behaviour was also studied.
dogs were recorded in a testing room and the video recordings were subsequently analysed.
young dogs displayed more interactions involving physical contact with a person.
young and middle-aged dogs showed more vocalisations in response to social isolation.
in contrast , aged animals spent more time in front of the mirror.
in this paper , we reviewed this literature using a systematic three-step extraction procedure plus a quality evaluation assessment for each retained article.
associations between body image and physical / mental health were also shown.
we conclude that the body image experience of western seniors has both specificities and similarities with the one of younger populations.
balance impairs with aging and may cause mobility limitations and functional decline.
we aimed to evaluate postural balance and padl in physically independent older adults with different levels of exercise capacity.
one hundred fifty seven physically independent individuals , aged @number@ years or older were evaluated.
padl was assessed subjectively by the modified baecke questionnaire and objectively using a pedometer.
further , increased plasma yields of the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase were also observed.
this document presents the spanish contribution to this map following futurage guidelines , drawn from the debates held in the ' ageing.
research in spain and europe ' workshop.
the interaction between these contents is pivotal to understand the research on ageing.
other aspects look into the mechanisms to coordinate research within a european context.
background : the barrier perturbation pattern and molecular markers of inflammation upon tandem repeated irritation in chronologically aged skin have not been previously studied.
the stratum corneum cytokines were harvested by sequential tape stripping and quantified by multiplex bead array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
furthermore , decreased il-1 receptor antagonist ( il-1ra ) levels and a lower il-1ra / il-1α ratio were found following repeated exposure to the irritants.
purpose : epileptic spasms are seizures that occur predominantly in children and are characterized by clusters of brief axial movements.
epileptic spasms may occur in the context of a variety of syndromes.
previous research has found that epileptic spasms occur in a sleep / wake and diurnal rhythm.
the purpose of this study was to identify these patterns in different age groups.
exact epileptic spasm time , eeg localization , and the presence or absence of magnetic resonance imaging lesion were also recorded.
patients were separated into two age groups : a ages @number@ and under , and over age @number@
statistical analysis of seizure occurrence in time bins was carried out using binomial calculations. p-values < 0.05 were taken as significant.
for comparison between the two age groups , over age @number@ and under age @number@ seizure times were transformed into circular variables.
key findings : we analyzed @number@ clusters of epileptic spasms in @number@ patients ( @number@ girls ; mean age @number@ ± @number@ years ) .
forty-two patients younger than @number@ years of age had @number@ seizures and nine patients older than @number@ years had @number@ seizures.
epileptic spasms occurred predominantly during wakefulness ( p < @number@ ) and during daytime ( p < @number@ ) .
generalized eeg seizures occurred more frequently than focal eeg seizures ( p < @number@ ) .
significance : epileptic spasms occur more frequently in the waking state and daytime.
these findings emphasize age-related changes in epileptic spasm pathophysiology or potentially evolution of disease with age.
in this article i revisit the results of research completed in the mid-1990s and recently reviewed with women's updated input.
the basic social process named \ "changing focus \ " that women use as they negotiate the perimenopausal transition is discussed.
two simple questions ( one for parents of newborns , one for older patients ) can improve hearing loss identification.
hearing aid troubleshooting tips can help you overcome @number@ common patient objections.
our finding presents pine pollen as an attractive agent with potential to retard aging and attenuate age-related diseases in humans.
few rejuvenation and antiaging markers are used to evaluate food supplements.
we measured three markers in peripheral blood to evaluate the antiaging effects of a food supplement containing placental extract.
to control the quality of this food supplement , five active components were monitored.
food supplement intake did not change serum igf1 levels significantly.
finally , the average telomerase activity was @percent@ higher in the subjects taking this food supplement.
in summary , our results suggest that the placental extract in the food supplement might contribute to rejuvenation and antiaging.
background and purpose : development of the cvj is a complex process rarely analyzed by ct.
cartilaginous remnants within the atlas and axis have been shown to variably persist throughout childhood and may be mistaken for fractures.
the purpose of this study was to better estimate the fusion timeline of the synchondroses at the cvj.
normal closing age for synchondroses was defined as soon as a complete ossification rate of @percent@ or more per age category was achieved.
synchondroses at the aaa closed after @number@ years ( range @date@ years ) .
posterior midline synchondrosis of the atlas closed after @number@ years ( range 2-13 years ) .
the axis ossified from @number@ ocs and @number@ synchondroses.
subdental and neurocentral synchondroses closed simultaneously after @number@ years ( range 7-9.5 years ) .
apicodental synchondrosis and chondrum terminale were completely ossified after @number@ years ( range @date@ @number@ years ) .
myocardial fat accumulation could occur in diseased hearts.
the degree of heterogeneity is unknown because accurate assessment is difficult using conventional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in a beating heart.
the purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of intramyocellular lipid content and to determine its association with disease characteristics.
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on formalin-fixed slices of human hearts at various circumferential locations ( n = @number@ ) .
age was significantly correlated with the mean fat percentages ( r2 = @number@ p = @number@ ) .
in summary , septal fat content is representative of mean fat percentage.
fat content increases with age ; fat distribution may be heterogeneous when associated with cardiovascular disease.
the diagnosis is oriented to clinical and histomorphological criteria which will be critically reviewed.
particular emphasis is placed on the differentiation from normal aging processes and from healing stages under steroid therapy.
background : in order to determine physical capability , objective methods for the assessment of performance are required.
spiroergometry is well established in occupational and social medicine.
the existing standard values are defined for younger adults ; however patients have predominantly an older age.
to determine the age-related physical capability healthy men and women at the age over @number@ years were studied.
the results were compared with previously published standard values.
conclusions : studies for the collection of normal values have mainly involved young people.
the physiological performance parameters cannot be referred to elderly persons.
in the socio-medical assessment age-related normative values should be used to determine residual capacity.
these perceptions revealed two themes : aging , leisure , and chronic disease ; and knowledge and leisure experiences.
children develop attitudes towards aging from birth and are influenced by everyday factors.
the objective of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards aging of children living with elderly individuals with and without cognitive changes.
all ethical precautions were observed.
the scale for children's attitudes towards aging was used.
the mean scores obtained were @number@ ( group @number@ ) and @number@ ( group @number@ ) .
one point represented the most positive possible score , and three points the most negative.
primary healthcare professionals should pay close attention to multigenerational families and invest in their education.
participants were @number@ seniors , with a mean age of @number@ years , @percent@ female , with poor socio-economic conditions.
furthermore , moderate and positive correlations were observed between resilience and self-esteem , because as one increased , the other also increased.
the objective of this study was to assess the risk of falls in the elderly.
this epidemiological , cross-sectional study was performed at a family health unit , using a quantitative approach.
the sample consisted of @number@ elderly individuals evaluated from january to @date@ .
data were collected using the fall risk score , which was analyzed using spss @number@
of all seniors evaluated , @percent@ did not suffer falls.
a 72-year-old woman with slowly progressive type @number@ diabetes ( spiddm ) was admitted to our hospital because of increasing abdominal pain and diarrhea.
the patient was diagnosed with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia ( nomi ) , and a subtotal colonectomy was performed successfully.
the resected sample revealed transmural gangrenous necrosis of the colon and rectum.
this case is interesting because the severe nomi occurred in a spiddm patient without common predisposing events such as hypoperfusion.
saccadic impairment in alzheimer's disease ( ad ) was found in horizontal saccades.
we examined both horizontal and vertical saccades in @number@ healthy elderly , @number@ amci , and @number@ ad.
eye movements were recorded with the eyeseecam system.
aging negatively affects angiogenesis which is found to be linked to declined vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) production.
adult human thymus degenerates into fat tissue ( thymus adipose tissue ( tat ) ) .
recently , we described that tat from cardiomyopathy ischemic subjects has angiogenic properties.
sat and tat specimens were obtained from @number@ patients undergoing cardiac surgery , making these tissues readily available as a prime source of adipose tissue.
patients were separated into two age-dependent groups ; middle-aged ( n = @number@ ) and elderly ( n = @number@ ) .
there were no significant differences in subjects from either group in clinical or biological variables.
also , in tat , angiogenic and endothelial parameters exhibited strong positive correlations with age.
tat appears to be the most appropriate source of angiogenic and endothelial factors in elderly cardiomyopathy subjects compared to sat.
objective : to evaluate the effects of simulated aging in bond strength and nanoleakage of class ii restorations using three different restorative techniques.
data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance ( anova ) followed by tukey's post hoc test ( p < @number@ ) .
nanoleakage was not affected by simulated aging.
conclusions : fs presented higher bond strength and lower nanoleakage and was not affected by simulated aging.
use of flowable resin compromised the bond strength after simulated aging.
method : a systematic search of the literature published from @number@ onwards was conducted in the pubmed and embase databases.
more systematic research with special focus on the older population is needed to understand this age-related decline in prevalence rates.
here , proteomic screening of synaptosomes from hiv / gp120 transgenic mice was conducted to determine potential neuronal markers and drug targets associated with hand.
a total of @number@ proteins were identified in both wt and hiv / gp120 transgenic mice.
three of the most differentially-regulated proteins were validated by immunoblotting.
a crossroads has been reached on research into docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) and alzheimer's disease ( ad ) .
on the one hand , several prospective observational studies now clearly indicate a protective effect of higher fish and dha intake against risk of ad.
on the other hand , once ad is clinically evident , supplementation trials demonstrate essentially no benefit of dha in ad.
animal models involving dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency to deplete brain dha may therefore not be appropriate in ad research.
studies in the healthy elderly suggest that dha homeostasis changes during aging.
tracer methodology now permits estimation of dha half-life in the human brain and whole body.
apolipoprotein e alleles have an important impact not only on ad but also on dha homeostasis in humans.
we therefore encourage further development of innovative approaches to the study of dha metabolism and its role in human brain function.
a primary culture was initiated with a pure population of hcecs in dmem / f12 media containing @percent@ fetal bovine serum and other various supplements.
tert gene was successfully transfected into normal hcecs.
a stable hcecs cell line ( tert-hcecs ) that expressed tert was established.
the cells could be subcultured for @number@ passages.
tert-hcecs formed a monolayer cell sheet , maintained similar cell junction formation and pump function with primary hcecs.
karyotype analysis exhibited normal chromosomal numbers.
the soft agar colony assay and tumor formation in nude mice assay showed no malignant alterations in tert-hcecs.
our findings indicated that we had established a cell line with its similar phenotype and properties to primary hcecs.
further study of the tert-hcecs may be valuable in studying the function of the cells in vivo.
spinal cord injury ( sci ) causes profound bone loss due to muscle paralysis resulting in the inability to walk.
sclerostin , a wnt signaling pathway antagonist produced by osteocytes , is a potent inhibitor of bone formation.
short-term studies in rodent models have demonstrated increased sclerostin in response to mechanical unloading that is reversed with reloading.
we analyzed circulating sclerostin in @number@ men with varying degrees of sci who were @number@ year or more post-injury.
there was no association between sclerostin and injury duration in subjects with long-term sci ( > 5 years post-injury ) .
in subjects with long-term sci , sclerostin levels were positively associated with lower extremity bone density and bone mineral content.
these data suggest that sclerostin levels are initially increased after sci in response to mechanical unloading.
this response is time-limited and as bone loss progresses , circulating sclerostin is lowest in subjects with severe osteoporosis.
however , the mechanism directly involved in neuroprotection is still poorly understood.
recent evidence has demonstrated that activating sirt1 induces autophagy , and that activating autophagy protects neurons against neurodegenerative disorders by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis.
thus , we focused on the mechanism of the sirt1-mediated neuroprotective effect that was associated with regulating mitochondrial homeostasis via autophagy.
adenoviral-mediated sirt1 overexpression prevented prion protein ( prp ) ( 106-126 ) -induced neurotoxicity via autophagy processing.
moreover , sirt1-induced autophagy protected against the prp ( 106-126 ) -mediated decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential value.
additionally , sirt1 overexpression decreased prp ( 106-126 ) -induced bax translocation to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release into the cytosol.